gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cake Manufacture (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: INTRODUCTION INGREDIENTS: FUNCTIONAL ROLE MIXING METHODS BAKING TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS FOR PROPER EVALUATION OF THE FINISHED BAKED PRODUCT INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION AND BAKING OF CAKES
Depletion-mode GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with HfO2 dielectric and germanium interfacial passivation layer (2006)

The authors present depletion-mode n-channel GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with a TaN gate electrode, a thin HfO2 gate dielectric, and a thin germanium (Ge) interfacial passivation layer (IPL). Depletion-mode MOSFET on the molecular-beam epitaxy-grown n-type GaAs layer with an equivalent oxide thickness of 17Å exhibits excellent transistor output characteristics such as a maximum transconductance of 176mS∕mm and a maximum effective electron mobility of 970cm2∕Vs. MOSFET shows a surface accumulation channel conduction above flatband condition, indicating that a high quality interface can be achieved using a Ge IPL on GaAs substrate.
Fine-Granular Motion Matching for Inter-View Motion Skip Mode in Multiview Video Coding (2009)

As motion of neighboring views is highly correlated in multiview video systems, the inter-view motion skip mode has been proposed to improve the efficiency of multiview video coding (MVC) by reusing the motion information of neighboring views. To fully exploit the inter-view motion correlation, a fine-granular motion matching algorithm for the motion skip mode is presented in this paper. The proposed algorithm searches for the best matching motion information in neighboring views with fine granularity, and then uses the motion information for the motion-compensated coding in the motion skip mode. The rate-distortion optimization criterion is applied to find the best matching motion information. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the performance of the motion skip mode, and further improve the efficiency of MVC.
ABL mechanisms of regulation and activation (2002)

The Abl non-receptor tyrosine kinase has been implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, yet its function and regulation remain poorly understood. Abl has resisted complete understanding not due to lack of interest, but due to the complexity of its overall structure and the corresponding complexity and diversity of its biological activities in the cell. Although Abl consists of many familiar modules with well-understood activities, the ways in which these modules interact are manifold and defy simple categorization. A picture now emerges in which Abl can be potentially regulated in many ways: by phosphorylation, by intramolecular interaction, by interaction with a variety of other proteins, by subcellular localization. Far from being a simple on-off switch, it appears that Abl is better understood as existing in a complex and dynamic equilibrium of states, an equilibrium that can be affected by many signaling inputs. In this review we will discuss the various ways in which the kinase activity of Abl can be regulated; other recent reviews have discussed the larger issue of possible biological roles of Abl (1-3).
Collision avoidance and resolution multiple access with transmission groups (2002)

The CARMA-NTG protocol is presented and analyzed. CARMA-NTG dynamically divides the channel into cycles of variable length; each cycle consists of a contention period and a group-transmission period. During the contention period, a station with one or more packets to send competes for the right to be added to the group of stations allowed to transmit data without collisions; this is done using a collision resolution splitting algorithm based on a request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) message exchange with non-persistent carrier sensing. CARMA-NTG ensures that one station is added to the group transmission period if one or more stations send requests to be added in the previous contention period. The group-transmission period is a variable-length train of packets, which are transmitted by stations that have been added to the group by successfully completing an RTS/CTS message exchange in previous contention periods. As long as a station maintains its position in the group, it is able to transmit data packets without collision, An upper bound is derived for the average costs of obtaining the first success in the splitting algorithm. This bound is then applied to the computation of the average channel utilization in a fully connected network with a large number of stations. These results indicate that collision resolution is a powerful mechanism in combination with floor acquisition and group allocation multiple access.
Efficient Conversion of 6-Aminopurines and Nucleosides into 6-Substituted Analogs via Novel 6-(1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)purine Derivatives. (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient Conversion of 6-Aminopurines and Nucleosides into 6-Substituted Analogs via Novel 6-(1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)purine Derivatives.Vicente Samano, Robert W. Miles, and Morris J. RobinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 20, 9331–9332Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00099a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00099a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic Management Practices on Athletic Fields: Part 1. The Effects on Color, Quality, Cover, and Weed Populations (2012)

ABSTRACT Many organic products have been used effectively in turfgrass management programs, but their exclusive use in athletic field maintenance and effect on playing surface quality has not been extensively researched. The objectives were to determine the effects of management regimes and overseeding during simulated traffic on (i) turfgrass color and quality, (ii) percent cover, and (iii) weed populations. The experimental design was a 2 × 6 factorial, with two overseeding levels (overseeded and not overseeded) of a perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) blend during traffic and six management regimes: (i) conventional, (ii) organic manure (OMan), (iii) organic protein (OPro), (iv) organic manure plus compost tea (OMan+CT), (v) organic protein plus compost tea (OPro+CT), and (vi) none or the control. This research was conducted over 2 yr on a mature stand of ‘Langara’ Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) on a Paxton sandy loam soil. Fall traffic was simulated with a Cady Traffic Simulator. The conventional treatment consistently produced higher quality turfgrass, lower weed counts, and better mid‐ to late‐fall color. Weed populations were significantly less with the conventional regime. Overseeding increased cover at the end of the traffic periods by 32% in the first year and by 103% in the second year. Overseeding was also beneficial to turfgrass color and quality and in reducing weeds. The conventional treatment also retained significantly higher turfgrass cover than the organic regimes under trafficked conditions late into the fall in 2008. However, no difference in late fall cover between the conventional and organic management regimes was observed in late fall 2009. Compost tea applications showed no enhancement of turfgrass color, quality, or cover over the entire duration of the study.
Multiprocessor simulation of neural networks with NERV (1989)

A general-purpose simulation system for neural networks is computationally very demanding. This paper presents some estimations of the computing power required, the necessary interconnection bandwidth, and the requisite memory size. Next, the hardware architecture of the NERV multiprocessor system is derived that fulfills these requirements. Up to 320 processors 68020 are used in a single VME crate together with a Macintosh II as a host computer. This set-up provides a computing power of 1300 MIPS together with a friendly graphical user interface. To support the simulation of arbitrarily interconnected networks and of asynchronous update models, the VME bus has been extended by a broadcast feature and a global max finder. The software architecture is outlined. It consists of system software, utilities, and application software.
Dynamics of methyl groups in proteins as studied by proton-detected carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. Application to the leucine residues of staphylococcal nuclease (1992)

This paper describes the application of recently developed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequences to obtain information about the internal dynamics of isotopically enriched hydrophobic side chains in proteins. The two-dimensional spectra provided by the pulse sequences enable one to make accurate measurements of nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) and longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of enriched methyl carbons in proteins. Herein, these techniques are used to investigate the internal dynamics of the 11 leucine side chains of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase), a small enzyme having Mr = 16.8K, in the absence and presence of ligands thymidine 3',5'-bisphosphate (pdTp) and Ca2+. We report the synthesis of [5,5'-13C2]leucine, the preparation of SNase containing the labeled leucine, the sequential assignment of the leucine methyl carbons and protons in the liganded and unliganded proteins, and the measurement of the 13C T1, T2, and NOE values for the SNase leucine methyl carbons. Analysis of the relaxation parameters using the formalism of Lipari and Szabo shows that the internal motions of the leucine methyl carbons are characterized by effective correlation times tau f (5-80 ps) and tau s (less than 2 ns). The fast motion is identified with the rapid rotation of the methyl group about the C gamma-C delta bond axis, while the slow motion is associated with reorientation of the C gamma-C delta bond axis itself. The mean squared order parameters associated with the latter motion, Ss2, lie in the range 0.34-0.92. The values of Ss2 correlate reasonably well with the temperature factors of the leucine methyl carbons obtained from the crystal structures, but some are smaller than anticipated on the basis of the fact that nearly all leucine methyl carbons are buried and have temperature factors no larger than that of the leucine backbone atoms. Five leucine residues in liganded SNase and eight in unliganded SNase have values of Ss2 less than 0.71. These order parameters correspond to large amplitude motions (angular excursions of 27-67 degrees) of the C gamma-C delta bond axis. These results indicate that, in solution, the internal motions of the leucine side chains of SNase are significantly larger than suggested by the X-ray structures or by qualitative analysis of NOESY spectra. Comparison of Ss2 values obtained from liganded and unliganded SNase reveals a strong correlation between delta Ss2 and distance between the leucine methyl carbon and the ligands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Occurrence of anabolic agents in plants and their importance. (1976)

More than 40 plant species have been shown to contain substances that are active in biological assays for estrogenic activity. Such substances may be constitutive metabolic products of a plant, or be formed adaptively in response to environmental factors, such as fungal attack (e.g. coumestrol synthesis in alfalfa infected with Pseudopeziza medicagensis); in other instances estrogens may arise from microbial attack on plant material during storage (e.g. zearalenone formation from corn by Fusarium spp.) Phyto-estrogens may reach man through direct consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables and processed plant products (e.g. administration of olive or cornoil can induce vaginal keratinization in post-menopausal women); or---more relevant to this Symposium---by consumption of carcasses and products from animals fed estrogen-containing forage. Important pasture and forage plants shown to contain phyto-oestrogens include Trifolium subterraneum L, notably the cultivars Dwalganup, Mt. Barker, Yarloop and Marrar, T. pratense (red clover), T. fragiferum L. (strawberry clover), T. alexandrinum (berseem clover), Medicago sativa (alfalfa or lucerne) and Soya hispida (soya beans). A beneficial anabolic action of the estrogens contained in these plants has been implied, but not unequivically established. More attention has been paid to their noxious effects on livestock. On affected T. subterraneum pasture, castrated male sheep showed lactation, squamous metaplasia of the bulbo-urethral glands and urethral stenosis; infertility, variously attributed to suppression of gonadotrophin release and ovulation; faulty ovum transport; premature regression of corpora lutea; irreversible cystic hyperplasia of endometrial glands on prolonged exposure; dystocia and prolapse of the uterus. Sporadic incidence of phyto-estrogen induced infertility in cattle has been reported, attended by ovarian cyst formation. Estrogenic activity in forage plants has been reported from Australia, New Zealand, India, Sweden, Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, Holland, Finland, Egypt and Israel. The clover constituents chiefly incriminated for these effects are glycosides of the isoflavone derivatives genistein and its 4'-methyl ether biochanin-A, daidzein and its 4'-methyl ether formononetin, and pratensein; coumestrol and its 3'- and 4'-methyl ethers account for the estrogenic activity of alfalfa. The isoflavone content of subterranean clover may reach 3 percent of its dry weight, and the coumestrol content of lucerne may exceed 100 mug/g. Coumestrol and genistein compete with 17beta-estradiol for binding sites on the uterine cytoplasmic receptor and induce macromolecular synthesis in the uterus, but fail to induce ovum implantation in ovariectomized, gestagen-maintained rats. Uterotrophic activity of coumestrol and genistein given parenterally to sheep is approximately 10(-3) and 10(-5) times that of stilboestrol, respectively. Biological activity of ingested phytoestrogens is modified by ruminal micro-organisms and hepatic metabolism...
Efficacy of dehydroepiandrosterone to improve ovarian response in women with diminished ovarian reserve: a meta-analysis (2013)

Women with diminished ovarian reserve often respond poorly to controlled ovarian stimulation resulting in retrieval of fewer oocytes and reduced pregnancy rates. It has been proposed that pre-IVF Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) adjuvant therapy may improve ovarian response and pregnancy rates in women with diminished ovarian reserve. This meta-analysis aims to investigate efficacy of DHEA as an adjuvant to improve ovarian response and IVF outcome in women with diminished ovarian reserve. Electronic databases were searched under the following terms: (DHEA) and (diminished ovarian reserve) and/or (poor response). Studies were included if they reported at least one of the following outcomes; clinical pregnancy rate, number of oocytes retrieved, miscarriage rate. We identified 22 publications determining effects of DHEA in clinical trials. Only 3 controlled studies were eligible for meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rates between women pre-treated with DHEA compared to those without DHEA pre-treatment (RR 1.87, 95% CI 0.96-3.64; and RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.21-1.65, respectively). The number of oocytes retrieved (WMD -1.88, 95% CI -2.08, 1.67; P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the DHEA group. In conclusion, based on the limited available evidence from a total of approximately 200 IVF cycles, there are insufficient data to support a beneficial role of DHEA as an adjuvant to controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF cycle. Well-designed, randomised controlled trials as well as more exact knowledge about DHEA mechanisms of action are needed to support use of DHEA in standard practice for poor-responders.
COMPOSITION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID AND MATERNAL BLOOD THROUGH PREGNANCY (1971)

Summary Samples of amniotic fluid and of maternal blood were obtained at abdominal hysterotomy, by amniocentesis from patients with rhesus iso‐immunization and at surgical induction of labour. In 135 women whose pregnancies were beyond mid‐term, the menstrual dates were accurately known. The characteristics of the cells in amniotic fluid, after staining with haematoxylin and eosin, enabled three stages of gestation—under 32 weeks, 33–36, and 37 weeks and over—to be distinguished with reasonable certainty. The samples of amniotic fluid and blood were examined biochemically. In amniotic fluid after mid‐term, osmolality and sodium concentrations fell with gestational age, while levels of urea and creatinine rose. Though the levels of these factors in maternal blood remain fairly constant throughout gestation, it was possible to relate differences between levels in blood and in amniotic fluid to gestational age. Equations showing these relationships are presented. The results were not influenced by the severity of haemolytic disease in the fetuses.
27.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : The Promise of Plasma Displays for HDTV (2000)

Abstract The excellent image quality of HDTV demands display diagonals larger than 50 in. to satisfy human visual‐acuity limits in typical US home‐theater applications. PDPs will meet the HDTV market requirements by means of image‐quality issues, device characteristics and signal‐processing techniques reviewed here.
Jab1 as a Mediator of Nuclear Export and Cytoplasmic Degradation of p53 (2006)

Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1) is involved in various cellular mechanisms including development in Drosophila and mouse, cell cycle control and signal transduction pathways. Recent studies also determined that Jab1 functions as a nuclear exporter and inducer of cytoplasmic degradation for several proteins including p53, p27, capsid of West Nile virus, and Smad4/7 proteins. In particular, p53 is shown to bind to and to be exported into the cytoplasm by Jab1, which helps to maintain low levels of p53 under normal conditions. This review was undertaken in an effort to understand the biological significance of the homeostasis of p53 as maintained in the presence of Jab1. Based on our observations, we have provided potential mechanistic hypotheses for the nuclear export of p53 in coordination with Jab1 and the role of other factors in these processes.
Wideband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios With Correlated Subband Occupancy (2010)

In this letter, we consider wideband spectrum sensing in the presence of correlation between the occupancies of frequency subbands. We begin by formulating the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator of channel occupancy based on measurements from multiple frequency subbands. Since the MAP estimator's complexity grows exponentially with the number of subbands, we propose an alternative structure, in which the subband energy measurements are linearly combined according to a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion to form a sufficient statistic for binary detection in each subband. Through analysis and numerical simulations, we show that the proposed frequency-coupled detector can significantly outperform the traditional decoupled one.
Laminin Modulates Morphogenic Properties of the Collagen XVIII Endostatin Domain (2002)

We have shown previously that the oligomeric endostatin domain of collagen XVIII (NC1) functioned as a motility-inducing factor regulating the extracellular matrix-dependent morphogenesis of endothelial cells. This motogenic activity gave rise to structures resembling filipodia and lamellipodia and was dependent on Rac, Cdc42, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Here, we demonstrate that these properties of endostatin are primarily mediated by laminin in the basement membrane and heparan sulfates on the cell surface. The sites of interaction between laminin and oligomeric endostain include the N-terminal regions of all three laminin chains (amino acids 204-1243 of the alpha chain, 932-1161 of the beta chain, and 150-965 of the gamma chain). A monoclonal antibody that blocks the interactions between endostatin and laminin was utilized to inhibit the motogenic activity of endostatin. In parallel, we have engineered selective point mutations and produced recombinant forms that lack binding to heparan sulfates on the cell surface. Our data are consistent with a model of endostatin with two binding sites: one mainly to laminin in the basement membrane and the other to heparan sulfates on the cell surface. The two binding domains on endostatin appear to be separate with the possibility of some overlap between the two sites.
Melanin-Concentrating Hormone-1 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Obesity (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTMelanin-Concentrating Hormone-1 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of ObesityAnthony L. Handlon and Huiqiang ZhouView Author Information Metabolic and Viral Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 14, 4017–4022Publication Date (Web):June 17, 2006Publication History Received16 June 2005Published online17 June 2006Published inissue 1 July 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm058239jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm058239jreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views900Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antagonists,Food,Obesity,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts