gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Verify-Programming Methods to Achieve 10 Million Cycles for 50nm HfO<sub>2</sub> ReRAM (2012)

50nm HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> resistive memory cells were measured by 6×6 verification variations to determine the optimal method to achieve 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> endurance and yield. A new conceptual model is proposed which combines the physical conduction model with direct tunneling, and provides a calculation method to predict resistance and explains degradation and Reset failure.
DC coupled Doppler radar physiological monitor (2011)

One of the challenges in Doppler radar systems for physiological monitoring is a large DC offset in baseband outputs. Typically, AC coupling is used to eliminate this DC offset. Since the physiological signals of interest include frequency content near DC, it is not desirable to simply use AC coupling on the radar outputs. While AC coupling effectively removes DC offset, it also introduces a large time delay and distortion. This paper presents the first DC coupled IQ demodulator printed circuit board (PCB) design and measurements. The DC coupling is achieved by using a mixer with high LO to RF port isolation, resulting in a very low radar DC offset on the order of mV. The DC coupled signals from the PCB radar system were successfully detected with significant LNA gain without saturation. Compared to the AC coupled results, the DC coupled results show great advantages of less signal distortion and more accurate rate estimation.
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis discriminates normal, borderline and malignant ovarian tissue: classifying subtypes of human cancer (2015)

Surgical management of ovarian tumours largely depends on their histo-pathological diagnosis. Currently, screening for ovarian malignancy with tumour markers in conjunction with radiological investigations has a low specificity for discriminating benign from malignant tumours. Also, pre-operative biopsy of ovarian masses increases the risk of intra-peritoneal dissemination of malignancy. Intra-operative frozen section, although sufficiently accurate in differentiating tumours according to their histological type, increases operation times. This results in increased surgery-related risks to the patient and additional burden to resource allocation. We set out to determine whether attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, combined with chemometric analysis can be applied to discriminate between normal, borderline and malignant ovarian tumours and classify ovarian carcinoma subtypes according to the unique spectral signatures of their molecular composition. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ovarian tissue blocks were de-waxed, mounted on Low-E slides and desiccated before being analysed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Chemometric analysis in the form of principal component analysis (PCA), successive projection algorithm (SPA) and genetic algorithm (GA), followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of the obtained spectra revealed clear segregation between benign versus borderline versus malignant tumours as well as segregation between different histological tumour subtypes, when these approaches are used in combination. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis has the potential to provide a novel diagnostic approach in the accurate diagnosis of ovarian tumours assisting surgical decision making to avoid under-treatment or over-treatment, with minimal impact to the patient.
A Factored Implicit Scheme for the Numerical Solution of the Reynolds Equation at Very Low Spacing (1980)

A factored implicit algorithm is developed for the numerical solution of the compressible Reynolds equation. The method is second-order time-accurate, noniterative and allows the calculation of finite width films while requiring only tridiagonal matrix inverses. A variable spacial grid is used which incorporates both numerical resolution as needed and efficiency of computation. The scheme should be especially useful for the calculation of low spacing (< 0.5 micron), high velocity lubricant flows as found in current magnetic recording applications. Numerical results are presented and discussed.
Hydroxyapatite/high-performance polyethylene fiber composites for high-load-bearing bone replacement materials (1997)

A combination of three technologies, high-performance fiber processing, fiber compaction, and hydrostatic extrusion has been used to produce hydroxyapatite/polyethylene bone analog composites with the highest stiffness and strength yet encountered in these systems, fully matching the values associated with cortical bone. These advantages of the new materials are complemented by satisfactory ductility. Observation of the melting behavior of the composites, together with an analysis of their hydrostatic extrusion characteristics, provides some understanding of the mechanisms leading to their superior mechanical performance. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 1865–1882, 1997
1.3 μm InGaAsP/InP lasers on GaAs substrate fabricated by the surface activated wafer bonding method at room temperature (1998)

InGaAsP/InP strained-layer quantum well ridge waveguide lasers of 1.3 μm have been successfully bonded to a GaAs substrate by surface activated wafer direct bonding at room temperature. In this method, the surfaces of two wafers are activated by Ar fast atom beam irradiation and joined under high vacuum conditions. In most cases a high bonding strength was attained. No microcracks and voids were observed by transmission electron microscopy at the bonded interface. A low threshold current density of about 500 A/cm2 has been achieved. This technique is very promising to realize monolithic integration of optoelectronic integrated circuits for optical communication and interconnections.
Stability of a heparin-free 50% ethanol lock solution for central venous catheters (2007)

Ethanol is an effective disinfectant against a broad range of micro-organisms, including bacteria and fungi. Retrospective trials have suggested that the efficacy of an ethanol lock solution is superior to systemic antibiotics to treat and/or prevent central line venous infections; however, there is not a commercially available pharmaceutical product and ethanol 50% solutions are currently compounded. These findings suggest that a 50% (v/v) ethanol solution stored in a syringe at room temperature, not protected from light is stable over a 28 day period.
Exo‐ and endohormones. XII. Synthesis of 7(E),9(Z)‐Dodecadien‐1‐yl Acetate, the sex pheromone of european grape vine moth Lobesia botrana, involving phase transfer technique (1987)

Abstract The synthesis of 7(E), 9(Z)‐dodecadien‐1‐yl acetate using for the olefination steps Wittig and Horner reactions under phase transfer conditions is reported. The 7(E) double bond was prepared by Horner coupling of 7‐tert‐butoxy‐heptanal ( 1 ) with 0,0‐diethylphosphonoacetate ( 2 ) in a two phase system. Wittig olefination was used to build up the 9(Z) double bond by reacting 9‐tert‐butoxy‐2‐nonen‐1‐yl‐triphenyl‐phosphonium bromide( 13 ) with propionaldehyde under phase transfer catalytic conditions.
Polymerase chain reaction primers and probes derived from flagellin gene sequences for specific detection of the agents of Lyme disease and North American relapsing fever (1992)

By cloning and sequencing the flagellin gene of Borrelia hermsii and comparing this sequence with that of the corresponding gene from B. burgdorferi, I identified a central region within the two genes which showed a reduced level of sequence similarity. Oligonucleotide sequences selected from this region produced species-specific amplimers when used in polymerase chain reaction experiments. Thus, primers derived from the B. burgdorferi sequence amplified a 276-bp fragment from 22 strains of B. burgdorferi of diverse geographic origin but not from 5 strains of B. hermsii, 5 other Borrelia species, 16 Treponema, Leptospira, and Spirochaeta species, or representatives of 10 other bacterial genera. However, when the amplified fragments were tested for hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe derived from the nonhomologous region, seven strains from either Germany or Switzerland did not hybridize. Cloning and sequencing of the amplified fragments from these strains revealed that the 22 strains of B. burgdorferi tested could be divided into three groups based on the nucleic acid sequence of the central region of the flagellin gene. With this information, oligonucleotide probes that hybridized to the amplified fragments and were able to differentiate the three groups of B. burgdorferi were designed. The corresponding primers, derived from the B. hermsii gene sequence, were tested for their ability to amplify DNA from this collection of strains. Although no amplification was obtained with representatives of the three groups of B. burgdorferi or various Treponema, Leptospira, and Spirochaeta species, amplification was obtained with the five other Borrelia species (B. parkeri, B. turicatae, B. crocidurae, B. anserina, and B. coriaceae) in addition to the five strains of B. hermsii. Sequencing of the amplified fragments from one strain of B. hermsii as well as B. parkeri and B. turicatae allowed the design of oligonucleotide probes that were able to differentiate the three species of North American relapsing fever spirochetes into two separate groups. These studies suggest that there is sufficient diversity within the flagellin gene sequences of closely related Borrelia species to differentiate them into groups and to pursue taxonomic studies both within and between species.
Production of Piglets Derived from In Vitro-Produced Blastocysts Fertilized and Cultured in Chemically Defined Media: Effects of Theophylline, Adenosine, and Cysteine During In Vitro Fertilization1 (2003)

To further develop defined conditions for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes, we evaluated the effects of theophylline, adenosine, and cysteine in a chemically defined medium during IVF. Viability to full term of in vitro-produced blastocysts after IVF and IVC in chemically defined medium was also investigated by embryo transfer to recipients. A chemically defined medium, porcine gamate medium (PGM), was modified from porcine zygote medium (PZM-4), which was previously established. PGM was used as a basal medium for IVF and PZM-4 was for the culture of presumptive zygotes. Addition of 2.5 mM theophylline to PGM significantly increased the percentage of male pronuclear formation compared with controls (no addition). Addition of 1 microM adenosine to PGM supplemented either with or without 2.5 mM theophylline significantly reduced the number of penetrated spermatozoa compared with controls (no addition of adenosine). Supplementation with 0.2 microM cysteine in PGM containing both 2.5 mM theophylline and 1 microM adenosine further increased the percentage of development to the blastocyst stage, compared with no supplementation of cysteine, but there was no difference in fertilization parameters, such as monospermy and pronuclear formation, regardless of presence or absence of theophylline and adenosine. When Day 5 blastocysts were transferred into four recipients (20-25 blastocysts per recipient), all recipients became pregnant and farrowed a total of 21 live piglets. The present results clearly demonstrate that porcine blastocysts can be produced by IVF and IVC in chemically defined media and that they can develop to full term after embryo transfer.
The dawn phenomenon and the Somogyi effect - two phenomena of morning hyperglycaemia. (2011)

Morning hyperglycaemia in diabetic subjects may be caused by the dawn phenomenon, or the Somogyi effect, or poor glycaemic control. The dawn phenomenon occurs when endogenous insulin secretion decreases or when the effect of the exogenous insulin administered to the patient the day before disappears, together with a physiological increase in insulin-antagonistic hormones. The Somogyi effect is present in the case of excessive amounts of exogenous insulin. The dawn phenomenon is more common than the Somogyi effect. To diagnose these phenomena, it is useful to measure plasma glucose levels for several nights between 3 a.m. and 5 a.m. or use a continuous glucose monitoring system. Although their treatment differs, the best way of preventing both the dawn phenomenon and the Somogyi effect is an optimal diabetes control with insulin therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of 2′‐C‐Methylribonucleosides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Software Testing Research: Achievements, Challenges, Dreams (2007)

Software engineering comprehends several disciplines devoted to prevent and remedy malfunctions and to warrant adequate behaviour. Testing, the subject of this paper, is a widespread validation approach in industry, but it is still largely ad hoc, expensive, and unpredictably effective. Indeed, software testing is a broad term encompassing a variety of activities along the development cycle and beyond, aimed at different goals. Hence, software testing research faces a collection of challenges. A consistent roadmap of the most relevant challenges to be addressed is here proposed. In it, the starting point is constituted by some important past achievements, while the destination consists of four identified goals to which research ultimately tends, but which remain as unreachable as dreams. The routes from the achievements to the dreams are paved by the outstanding research challenges, which are discussed in the paper along with interesting ongoing work.
Experimental methods for ultrasonically enhanced wound healing (1994)

An initial study into the synergistic effects of combining therapeutic ultrasound insonation and collagen treatments was conducted. Experimental methods were developed to: 1) provide uniform, calibrated ultrasound exposure, including transducer design, calibration, positioning, and alignment; 2) insure ultrasound coupling into wound sites; 3) create uniform wounds of the proper size and depth; and 4) accurately characterize the mechanical properties of the healed wounds. Full thickness wounds of 1.5 cm in diameter were used in adult Yucatan mini-pigs with an experiment duration of 21 days. A custom ultrasound exposure system was used operating at 0.75 MHz and 100 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (ISATA) output intensity. Wound areas were treated with ultrasound for 5 minutes daily. Histological evaluation indicated that: 1) collagen treatment produced more cellular organization; and 2) ultrasound treatment reduced inflammatory response. In-vitro mechanical testing showed: 1) ultrasound treatment combined with either the collagen bead suspension or a saline dressing produced stronger and tougher healing tissues; and 2) ultrasound treatment combined with a hydrocolloid dressing resulted in weaker and more fragile tissues
World Oil Fluctuation and Vietnamese Stock Market Index (2020)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of world oil price on Vietnamese stock market index. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL model) on the monthly data during the period over Jul 2000- Jun 2019, collected from Stock markets and Finance News and Vndirect joint stock company news. Evidence from the study shows that world oil price does not only impact on Vietnamese stock market index in short run but world oil price on Vietnamese stock market index also have a long-run equilibrium relationship. In short run, world oil price shows sometimes a negative, sometimes a positive influence on Vietnamese stock market index. While in long run, the nexus of world oil price on Vietnamese stock market index is steadily positive.
Control Demonstration of Multiple Doubly-Fed Induction Motors for Hybrid Electric Propulsion (2017)

The Convergent Aeronautics Solutions (CAS) High Voltage-Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HVHEP) task was formulated to support the move into future hybrid-electric aircraft. The goal of this project is to develop a new AC power architecture to support the needs of higher efficiency and lower emissions. This proposed architecture will adopt the use of the doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM) for propulsor drive motor application.The Convergent Aeronautics Solutions (CAS) High Voltage-Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HVHEP) task was formulated to support the move into future hybrid-electric aircraft. The goal of this project is to develop a new AC power architecture to support the needs of higher efficiency and lower emissions. This proposed architecture will adopt the use of the doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM) for propulsor drive motor application. DFIMs are attractive for several reasons, including but not limited to the ability to self-start, ability to operate sub- and super-synchronously, and requiring only fractionally rated power converters on a per-unit basis depending on the required range of operation. The focus of this paper is based specifically on the presentation and analysis of a novel strategy which allows for independent operation of each of the aforementioned doubly-fed induction motors. This strategy includes synchronization, soft-start, and closed loop speed control of each motor as a means of controlling output thrust; be it concurrently or differentially. The demonstration of this strategy has recently been proven out on a low power test bed using fractional horsepower machines. Simulation and hardware test results are presented in the paper.
Using precision farming technology to quantify yield effects attributed to weed competition and herbicide application (2011)

G erhards R, G utjahr C, W eis M, K eller M, S ökefeld M, M öhring J & P iepho HP (2011). Using precision farming technology to quantify yield effects attributed to weed competition and herbicide application. Weed Research 52 , 6–15. Summary Field experiments using precision farming technology and Geographic Information Systems, following a so‐called Precision Experimental Design, were conducted in maize, winter barley and winter wheat and compared with two randomised plot experiments in maize to quantify yield effects attributed to weed competition and weed control. Fields were divided into cells, and weed densities for all weed species, soil conductivity and grain yield were measured in each cell. Untreated plots and herbicide treatments against grass weeds or broad‐leaved weeds were included in all three experiments. Chenopodium album , Polygonum spp. and Echinochloa crus‐galli were the dominating weed species in maize. Stellaria media , Veronica hederifolia , Matricaria chamomilla , Alopecurus myosuroides and Galium aparine were the most abundant weed species in the winter barley and winter wheat fields. All species were distributed heterogeneously within the fields with densities ranging from 0 to more than 200 plants m −2 . In the Precision Experimental Design, it was found that grass‐weed competition and herbicide application had a significant effect on grain yield, using a linear mixed model with spatial correlation structure to determine the effects of groups of weed species, soil variability and herbicide application on grain yield separately. When a conventional plot experiment was set up in the same field, no statistically significant grain yield difference between the treatments was found. The results highlight the benefits of Precision Experimental Design for studying weed–crop competition. Data can be used to calculate yield loss functions for groups of weed species and to create a decision support system for site‐specific weed control.
[Pharmaco-epidemiologic study of the use of antidepressant drugs in the general population]. (1996)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mode of prescription and the users of antidepressant agents. It consisted of an initial phase (survey of the general population), aimed at selecting a representative sample of antidepressants users by a mail questionnaire, without asking prescribers in order to avoid the bias inherent to such an approach. Results showed a current incidence of use of 2.75 % for the 8 main antidepressants, i.e. more than one million adults in France. The distribution of antidepressants showed Prozac in first place, followed by Anafranil, and Laroxyl, then Stablon, Athymil, Survector and Ludiomil. In more than 50 % of cases, antidepressants have been taken for a year or more, continuously of intermittently. They were prescribed by a general practitioner in 60 % of cases and a psychiatrist in 30 %. A second survey phase (telephone) undertaken by psychiatrists and involving a sample of this population enabled determination of the pathophysiological profile of consumers at the time of prescription of antidepressant treatment, using a validated diagnostic tool, the MINI. Taking all drugs together, results showed that prescription was within Marketing Authorization approved indications in about 65 % of cases (existence of depression 61 %, dysthymia 3 %, OCD 1 %). This study shows that, in 23 % of cases, antidepressants are not used in patients with one of the psychiatric diseases identified by the MINI but nevertheless suffering from pathophysiological symptoms (subsyndronic syndrome). It can be concluded that, in some subjects, antidepressants are used in non-identified disorders. It must also be recognized that, with 3 % of users, the population of individuals treated by antidepressants is less than that of patients suffering, in the general population, from depression (5 to 10 % per year, according to studies).
Using agility to build robust, real-time platforms for smart grid software services (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to stress how the development of real-time platforms for smart grid software services can be propelled by software agility. The Agile software development methodology promotes simplicity and rapid adaptability to evolving requirements and standards. Integrating software tests systematically from the onset of product development to the final release ensures robustness. The Software Solutions Group within GE Energy adopted software agility to ensure that software service developments are driven by quality. Many steps are involved in the development of a comprehensive real-time software services platform, and it is tempting for stakeholders to over-specify the initial requirements at the expense of a design that addresses how failures are handled. In this paper, the authors describe basic architectures and methodologies in the development of real-time software services to support specific smart-grid business needs.