gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Duality of the electric covering fieldmill and the fluxgate magnetometer (1998)

This work treats two dc field sensors. The first sensor is the "covering fieldmill" that is employed to measure dc electric fields. The second sensor is the "fluxgate magnetometer" that is utilized to measure dc magnetic fields. An unusual approach is suggested to deal with the devices evaluation. It is shown that both devices can be associated with related ac field sensors-electric and magnetic. This association leads to modeling the dc sensors by Thevenin circuit models. It is then shown that in both cases the coupling between the sensors output circuitry and the measured field sources is due to series time-varied reactances. This enables a similar analytical treatment to both devices. Furthermore, it is also suggested that both sensors are related to the large family of antennas. As a result, an unusual way is found to relate the sensors output signal to the measured field. It is well known that the signal in electric antennas is related to the measured field times the effective antenna length. It is therefore relatively easily acceptable that also in the dc electric sensor case a similar relationship holds. The work, however, suggests that this relationship (that non relates the output signal to the measured dc magnetic field times the effective magnetic structure length) also holds in the fluxgate magnetometer case. An extension of this result is useful when attempting to measure nonuniform dc magnetic fields and is treated toward the end of the paper.
Long-term potentiation and cognitive drug discovery. (2005)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the activity-dependent process by which transmission is persistently enhanced at chemical synapses in the brain. Details of the cellular mechanisms responsible for LTP are becoming clearer, as neuroscientists identify the key molecules in synaptic transmission, and also the signaling cascades, transcription factors and effector molecules that alter transmission at potentiated synapses. In this review we describe the contributions of pharmacology to the field of synaptic plasticity, and also discuss the role of LTP in developing potential nootropic drugs to enhance learning and memory.
Toughened thermoplastic composite. I. Cross‐linkable phenol formaldehyde and epoxy resins‐coated cellulosic‐filled polypropylene composites (1993)

Abstract Composites of polypropylene (PP) or maleic‐anhydride‐modified polypropylene (MAH‐PP) with uncoated or thermosetting resincoated sawdust or explosion pulp (V‐pulp) were prepared by dynamic cross‐linking and their properties were compared to those of unmodified and uncross‐linked composites. The effects of modification and dynamic cross‐linking on the interfacial adhesion between polymer and filler have also been investigated by a solvent extraction study and microscopic analysis. The new method of dynamic cross‐linking in combination with the additional effect of compatibilization suggests a practical route to obtain high‐strength, toughened thermoplastic composites. Dynamically cross‐linked epoxyor phenolic resin‐coated sawdust or V‐pulp that can be grafted or can have affinity to MAH‐PP was found to improve tensile strength as well as elongation at yield point. The tensile toughness of the dynamically cross‐linked‐compatibilized composites is better than that of an uncross‐linked composite of MAH‐PP and sawdust. The improved toughness of the dynamically cured composites appears to be that further chemical bonds form between coated filler and MAH‐PP in addition to grafting of MAH‐PP onto cellulose chain. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interleukin-1β Augments Angiogenic Responses of Murine Endothelial Progenitor Cells <i>in Vitro</i> (2009)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may provide novel opportunities for therapeutic angiogenesis after ischemic diseases. However, it is unclear how the angiogenic potential of EPCs might be affected by an inflammatory environment. We examine how the potent cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) affects angiovasculogenic responses in EPCs in culture. Mononuclear cells isolated from mouse spleen were plated on fibronectin-coated wells and grown in EGM-2 MV media. Endothelial progenitor cells were phenotyped using multiple markers (UEA-Lectin, ac-LDL, CD133, CD34, vWillebrand Factor, Flk-1) and to identify the IL-1 Receptor-I. We quantified cell and colony counts and performed MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) and Matrigel assays, in vitro, under control and IL-1beta (10 ng/mL) conditions. Endothelial progenitor cells exposed to IL-1beta increased in the number of cells and colonies compared with untreated cells, without any effect on cell metabolic integrity. Furthermore, IL-1beta treatment augmented EPC angiogenic function, significantly increasing the number of vessel-like structures in the Matrigel assay. An early phosphorylation of ERK1/2 occurred after IL-1beta stimulation, and this pathway was inhibited if IL-1 Receptor-I was blocked. Our results suggest that IL-1beta is a potent stimulator of in vitro angiogenesis through ERK signaling in mouse EPCs. Further studies are warranted to assess how interactions between proinflammatory environments and EPC responses may be leveraged to enhance therapeutic angiogenesis.
Partly gain-coupled versus /spl lambda//4-shifted DFB laser: a comparison (1990)

Theoretical comparison of partly gain-coupled DFB laser with λ/4-shifted DFB laser in terms of yield, spatial hole burning, non-linearities and feedback sensitivity.
Development of Japanese voice-activated word processor using isolated monosyllable recognition (2005)

This paper describes a newly developed voice-activated word processor and a two-stage recognition method to achieve a precise recognition of isolated monosyllables. At the first stage, the recognizer segments a monosyllable into an initial consonantal part and a final part (i.e., the vowel region), and computes similarities between the input speech and orthonormal mode functions of each consonantal segment which is designed from multiple speakers using K-L expansion and adapted to a new speaker ( Adaptive Multiple Similarity Method). At the second stage, frame-by-frame similarity scores, extracted at the phoneme recognizer using Multiple Similarity Method, are applied to candidate monosyllables to make a final decision. The average monosyllable recognition accuracy with six speakers was about 95%.
Selective monomethylation reactions of methylene-active compounds with dimethylcarbonate. An example of clean synthesis (2000)

Abstract Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), an environmentally friendly substitute for dimethylsulfate and methyl halides in methylation reactions, is also a very selective reagent. Under batch conditions, with potassium carbonate as the catalyst, the reactions of DMC, used as the solvent of the reactions, with methylene-active compounds (arylacetonitriles and arylacetoesters, aroxyacetonitriles and methyl aroxyacetates, benzylaryl- and alkylaryl-sulfones) produce monomethylated derivatives, with a selectivity not previously observed (i. e., >99%). These are examples of "green chemistry".
Preparation of a bis-demethoxy curcumin microemulsion based on pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and an orthogonal test analysis (2011)

A bis-demethoxy curcumin microemulsion was successfully prepared using the method of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams combined with an orthogonal test in a 3-phase system (O phase=active ingredient; S phase=surfactants; W phase=water). The best transparent region for preparing the bis-demethoxy curcumin microemulsion was formed when Termul-200 (an alkylphenol polyether block copolymer emulsifier) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) (4 : 1 w/w) were used as surfactants (S phase), isopropanol (30% in S phase) as a co-surfactant, and a bis-demethoxy curcumin DMF solution (30%) as the active ingredient (O phase). According to the infinite dilution region of the best phase diagram, the best ratio among O, S and W phases for preparing the bis-demethoxy curcumin microemulsion was a weight ratio of 4.5 : 20 : 75.5. Stability tests showed that all the indicators of our prepared microemulsion met the storage stability criteria. Our results suggested that the combination of the pseudo-ternary phase diagram and orthogonal test analysis provided an effective approach for designing a microemulsion formulation.
Sustained G→A hypermutation during reverse transcription of an entire human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain Vau group O genome (2002)

Two full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 O sequences are described, one of which was hypermutated in all regions of the genome. This indicates that the intracellular [dTTP]/[dCTP] bias conducive to G-->A hypermutation may be sustained throughout the synthesis of minus-strand DNA. In turn, this suggests the possibility of mutation of host sequences.
Gustatory Responses of the Hamster <i>Mesocricetus auratus</i> to Various Compounds Considered Sweet by Humans (1998)

The taste of 30 compounds was studied in the golden hamster with three different methods: single-fiber recordings, two-bottle preference (TBP), and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) tests. On the whole, the results showed that the sense of taste in the hamster differs in many respects from that in humans because, of 26 tested compounds known as sweet to humans, 11 had no taste or tasted differently. The results also supported the notion that activity in S-fibers elicits liking and activity in Q- or H-fibers rejection. Specifically hierarchial cluster analysis of 36 single fibers from the chorda tympani proper nerve separated N-, H-, and S-clusters consisting of 11 sucrose-, 14 NaCl-, and 11 citric-best fibers. Ace-K, cyanosuosan, N-4-cyanophenyl-N'-cyanoguanidineacetate (CCGA), -tryptophan, N-3, 5-dichlorophenyl-N'-(S)-alpha-methylbenzylguanidineacetate (DMGA), saccharin, SC-45647, and suosan stimulated only the S-fibers, were significantly preferred in TBP tests, and generalized to sucrose in the CTA tests. Ethylene glycol stimulated the N-fibers in addition to the S-fibers. This explains its generalization to sucrose in CTA. Its toxicity may contribute to its rejection in TBP tests. Sodium cyclamate stimulated a few N- but no S-fibers, which may explain the nondiscriminatory TBP and CTA results. Glycine elicited its largest response in the S-fibers, although it also stimulated other fibers. The resulting mixed taste sensation may explain why it was not preferred in TBP, although it generalized to sucrose in the CTA. Alitame, aspartame, N-4-cyanophenylcarbamoyl--aspartyl-(R)-alpha-methylbenzylamine (CAM), N-4-cyanophenylcarbamoyl-(R, S)-3-amino-3-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl) propionic acid (CAMPA), N-(S)-2-methylhexanoyl--glutamyl-5-amino-2-pyridinecarbonitrile (MAGAP), N-1-naphthoyl--glutamyl-5-amino-2-pyridinecarbonitrile (NAGAP), NHDHC, superaspartame, and thaumatin were among the compounds considered sweet by humans that gave no response, were not discriminated in the TBP test, and gave no generalization in the CTA tests.
A 9.2-GHz digital phase-locked loop with peaking-free transfer function (2013)

This paper describes a digital phase-locked loop (PLL) that realizes a peaking-free jitter transfer. That is the PLL's second-order transfer function does not have a closed-loop zero. Such a PLL does not exhibit overshoots in the phase step response and achieves fast settling. Unlike the previously-reported peaking-free PLLs the proposed PLL implements the peaking-free loop filter directly in digital domain without requiring additional components. A time-to-digital converter (TDC) is implemented as a set of three binary phase-frequency detectors that oversample the timing error with time-varying offsets achieving a linear TDC gain and PLL bandwidth insensitive to the jitter condition. And a 9.2-GHz digitally-controlled LC oscillator (DCO) with transformer-based tuning realizes a predictable DCO gain set by a ratio between two digitally-controlled currents. The prototype 9.2-GHz-output digital PLL fabricated in a 65nm CMOS demonstrates a fast settling time of 1.58-μs with 690-kHz bandwidth. The PLL has a 3.477-ps <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</inf> divided clock jitter and −120dBc/Hz phase noise at 10MHz offset while dissipating 63.9-mW at a 1.2-V supply.
Influence of Depth of Interaction upon the Performance of Scintillator Detectors (2014)

The uncertainty in time of particle detection within a scintillator detector, characterised by the coincidence time resolution (CTR), is explored with respect to the interaction position within the scintillator crystal itself. Electronic collimation between two scintillator detectors is utilised to determine the CTR with depth of interaction (DOI) for different materials, geometries and wrappings. Significantly, no relationship between the CTR and DOI is observed within experimental error. Confinement of the interaction position is seen to degrade the CTR in long scintillator crystals by 10%.
The model multiplicity problem: experimenting with real-time specification methods (2000)

The object-process methodology (OPM) specifies both graphically and textually the system's static-structural and behavioral-procedural aspects through a single unifying model. This model singularity is contrasted with the multimodel approach applied by existing object oriented system analysis methods. These methods usually employ at least three distinct models for specifying various system aspects: mainly structure, function, and behavior. Object modeling technique (OMT), the main ancestor of the unified modeling language (UML), extended with timed statecharts, represents a family of such multimodal object oriented methods. Two major open questions related to model multiplicity vs. model singularity have been: 1) whether or not a single model, rather than a combination of several models, enables the synthesis of a better system specification; and 2) which of the two alternative approaches yields a specification that is easier to comprehend. The authors address these questions through a double-blind controlled experiment. To obtain conclusive results, real time systems, which exhibit a more complex dynamic behavior than nonreal time systems were selected as the focus of the experiment. We establish empirically that a single model methodology, OPM, is more effective than a multimodel one, OMT, in terms of synthesis. We pinpoint specific issues in which significant diiferences between the two methodologies were found. The specification comprehension results show that there were significant differences between the two methods in specific issues.
CXCL16 signaling mediated macrophage effects on tumor invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma (2015)

Macrophages in tumor microenvironment have pivotal roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. We investigated the interacting mechanism of macrophage actions in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Co-cultures of macrophage/PTC significantly increased the cancer cell migration potentials, compared with the PTC culture alone. Treatment of conditioned medium (CM) of macrophage/PTC co-cultures enhanced cell invasions in 3D invasion assay. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that CM of macrophage/PTC co-cultures contained a high level of CXCL16, while it was not found in CM of PTC culture alone. Treatment with CXCL16 enhanced the cell migration potentials in PTC cells, and blocking CXCL16 signaling using anti-CXCL16 antibody or metalloproteinase inhibitor (TAPI2) attenuated macrophage-mediated enhancement of PTC cell migration potentials. In PTC cells, CXCL16 treatment or co-cultures with macrophages increased Akt phosphorylation, and these macrophage-dependent increases of Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by anti-CXCL16 antibody. Moreover, Akt inhibitor attenuated macrophage-mediated increases of PTC cell migration potential. In macrophages, treatment of macrophage/PTC co-cultured CMs up-regulated CD163, Il10, and CD206, which were attenuated by anti-CXCL16 antibody treatment. Finally, CXCR6 and CXCL16 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with a thyroid tissue microarray including 136 PTC. CXCR6 expressions showed positive correlation with the density of CD163(+) macrophages and associated with lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, CXCL16 signaling partly mediated macrophage actions on PTC tumor cell invasion and also changed the macrophage phenotypes into M2-macrophages in PTC tumor microenvironment. These data suggested that CXCL16 signaling, a bidirectional player in macrophage-associated tumor microenvironment, might be a potential therapeutic target of human PTC.
Detection of Highly Correlated Live Data Streams (2017)

More and more organizations (commercial, health, government and security) currently base their decisions on real-time analysis of fast arriving, large volumes of data streams. For such analysis to lead to actionable information in real-time and at the right time, the most recent data needs to be processed within a specified delay target. Effective solutions for analysis of such data streams rely on two techniques, (1) incremental sliding-window computation of aggregates, to avoid unnecessary recomputations and (2) intelligent scheduling of computational steps and operations. In this paper, we propose a solution that combines both of these techniques to find highly correlated data streams in real-time, using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient as a correlation metric for two windows of data streams. Specifically, we propose to partition a set of data streams into micro-batches that capture the delay target, use sliding windows within a range as the subsequences of values exhibiting a certain level of correlation, utilize the idea of sufficient statistics to incrementally compute the Pearson Correlation Coefficient of pairs of sliding windows, and adopt a deadline-aware priority scheduling to detect the highly correlated pairs of data streams. Our experimental results show that our scheme and in particular our Price-DCS with warm start scheduling algorithm outperform existing ones and enable high degree of interactivity in correlating live data streams micro-batches.
The Factor XII −4C>T Variant and Risk of Common Thrombotic Disorders: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis of Evidence From Observational Studies (2010)

Coagulation factor XII is involved in thrombus formation and therefore may play a role in the etiology of thrombotic disorders. A common variant in the factor XII (F12) gene (-4C>T, rs1801020) results in decreased plasma levels of this coagulation factor. The existence of associations between low factor XII levels or F12 variants and thrombotic outcomes has been debated for more than a decade. The authors conducted a review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence for an association between F12 -4C>T and 2 common thrombotic outcomes: venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction, which are hypothesized to share some etiologic pathways. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and HuGE Navigator were searched through July 2009 to identify relevant epidemiologic studies, and data were summarized using random-effects meta-analysis. Sixteen candidate gene studies (4,386 cases, 40,089 controls) were analyzed. None of the investigated contrasts reached statistical significance at P < 0.05, apart from a very weak association with myocardial infarction for the TT + CT versus CC contrast (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.27). Overall, based on the synthesis of observational studies, the evidence for an association between F12 -4C>T and venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction is weak.
Opa binding to cellular CD66 receptors mediates the transcellular traversal of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> across polarized T84 epithelial cell monolayers (1998)

We have analysed the capacity of the 11 phase-variable, opacity-associated (Opa) proteins encoded by Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11 to mediate traversal across polarized monolayers of the human colonic carcinoma T84 cell line. Gonococci expressing either the heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding Opa protein (Opa50) or no Opa protein (Opa-) did not interact with the apical pole of T84 monolayers, whereas the 10 variant Opa proteins previously shown to bind CD66 receptors were found to mediate efficient gonococcal adherence and transepithelial traversal. Consistent with this, T84 cells were shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting to co-express CD66a (BGP), CD66c (NCA) and CD66e (CEA). The recruitment of CD66 receptors by Opa-expressing gonococci indicates their involvement in mediating adherence to the surface of T84 cells, and these bacterial interactions could be inhibited completely using polyclonal antibodies cross-reacting with all of the CD66 proteins co-expressed on T84 cells. Consistent results were obtained when Opa proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, suggesting that the Opa-CD66 interaction is sufficient to mediate bacterial traversal. Transcytosis of Opa-expressing N. gonorrhoeae or E. coli did not disrupt the barrier function of infected monolayers, as indicated by a sustained transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) throughout the course of infection, and confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy both suggest a transcellular rather than a paracellular route of traversal across the monolayers. Parallels between the results seen here and previous work done with organ cultures confirm that T84 monolayers provide a valid model for studying neisserial interactions with the mucosal surface, and suggest that CD66 receptors contribute to this process in vivo.
Mastering Kubernetes Automating container deployment and management (2017)

Mastering Kubernetes is focused on the design and management of Kubernetes clusters. It covers in detail all the capabilities and services provided by Kubernetes for developers and DevOps engineers and developers who need to collaborate to build and evolve complex distributed systems using container orchestration. The book takes the reader through the steps of creating large-scale systems and deploying them on Kubernetes, considering various environments and use cases.
Comparison of the Hu-Duan Boundary Effect Model with the Size-Shape Effect Law for Quasi-Brittle Fracture Based on New Comprehensive Fracture Tests (2014)

The boundary effect model (BEM) for concrete fracture and the effects of specimens size and crack length has previously been criticized on theoretical grounds, but the experimental evidence found in the literature, when taken alone, has been too limited to judge the validity of BEM conclusively. New, separately published, comprehensive fracture experiments, which were made on specimens cast from one and the same batch concrete and featured a broad ranges of both the size and the crack length (including a zero crack length), change the situation. The optimum fit of the data by Hu and Duan’s model shows major deviations from these new test results. On the other hand, the Type 1 and 2 size effect laws (SELs) and their amalgamation in the universal size effect law are found to give a far better fit of the test results. Thus, regardless of the previously expounded theoretical objections, the comparison with experimental evidence alone suffices to conclude that Hu and Duan’s model is not realistic.
Efficiency of local light-plasmon coupling (2003)

We investigate quantitatively the local coupling efficiency of a strongly focused laser beam to surface plasmon polaritons on a gold thin film. The coupling is mediated by gold ridges with nanoscale cross section. The coupling efficiency is determined by measuring the leakage radiation emitted by the surface plasmon polaritons into the glass substrate supporting the thin film.