gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The chemical elements and their compounds (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTThe chemical elements and their compoundsN. V. Sidwick Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1950, 27, 9, 529Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1950Published inissue 1 September 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ed027p529RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1510Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Lesions of the Tongue in Irradiated Mice (1959)

Postmortem examination of nearly 700 CBA and C57BL mice that died after total-body exposure to 675 and 750 r reveal~ macroscopic lesions of the tongue in 23% of the cases. Microscopic lesions were found to be much more frequent. The lesions resemble an abscess or an ulcer and consist of a heavily infected necrotic mass. Cellular reaction is absent. The possibility that the lesions are the portal of entry for microorganisms in the development of the bacteremia associated with the bone marrow syndrome is discussed. (auth)
Characterization of <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> JW20 (1988)

Clostridium thermocellum JW20 (ATCC 31549), which was isolated from a Louisiana cotton bale, grew on cellulose, cellobiose, and xylooligomers and, after adaptation, on glucose, fructose, and xylose in the pH range of 7.5 to 6.1 with T(opt) of 60 degrees C, T(max) of 69 degrees C, and T(min) of above 28 degrees C. Doubling times during growth on cellulose and cellobiose were 6.5 and 2.5 h, respectively. The G+C content of the DNA was 40 mol% (chemical analysis). Growth on cellulose as substrate was totally inhibited in the presence of more than 125 mM sodium sulfate, 300 mM sodium chloride, 250 mM potassium chloride, 200 mM calcium chloride, 125 mM magnesium chloride, 40 mM lactate, or 250 mM acetate. The ratio of the fermentation products ethanol to acetate plus H(2) decreased when the culture was agitated. Agitation otherwise increased the rate of cellulose degradation in a growing culture but not under nongrowth conditions or with cell-free culture supernatant containing the extracellular cellulase. Shaking lowered the concentration of H(2) in the culture broth and thus minimized inhibition by the H(2) formed. Externally added H(2) caused an increased formation of ethanol during growth on cellulose or cellobiose. However, at an atmospheric pressure as high as 355 kPa (50 lb/in), H(2) did not cause significant growth inhibition beyond an increasing lag phase (up to 24 h). Several criteria to specifically prove the purity of C. thermocellum cultures were suggested.
Brand‐building in the 1990s (1991)

This paper argues that now is the time to consider how one should seek to apply marketing principles and practice in an increasingly competitive and rapidly changing environment. In essence, the thesis is that as it becomes increasingly difficult to sustain an objective comparative advantage over one's competitors so it will become increasingly important to position organizations as “brands” in the minds of actual and potential customers.
Binding of<i>Escherichia coli</i>adhesin AfaE to CD55 triggers cell-surface expression of the MHC class I-related molecule MICA (2002)

MICA are distant homologs of MHC class I molecules expressed in the normal intestinal epithelium. They are ligands of the NKG2D activating receptor expressed on most gammadelta T cells, CD8+ alphabeta T cells, and natural killer cells and therefore play a critical role in innate immune responses. We investigated MICA cell-surface expression on infection of epithelial cell lines by enteric bacteria and show here that MICA expression can be markedly increased by bacteria of the diffusely adherent Escherichia coli diarrheagenic group. This effect is mediated by the specific interaction between bacterial adhesin AfaE and its cellular receptor, CD55, or decay-accelerating factor. It is extremely rapid after AfaE binding, consistent with a stress-induced signal. MICA induction on epithelial cells triggered IFN-gamma release by the NKG2D expressing natural killer cell line NKL. This host-bacteria interaction pathway could play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, a condition that implicates a bacterial trigger in genetically susceptible individuals. This was supported by the increased MICA expression at the surface of epithelial cells in colonic biopsies from Crohn's disease-affected patients compared with controls.
A Taxonomy of Part‐Whole Relations (1987)

A taxonomy of part‐whole or meronymic relations is developed to explain the ordinary English‐speaker's use of the term “part of” and its cognates. The resulting classification yields six types of meronymic relations: 1. component‐integral object (pedal‐bike), 2. member‐collection (ship‐fleet), 3. portion‐mass (slice‐pie), 4. stuff‐object (steel‐car), 5. feature‐activity (paying‐shopping), and 6. place‐area (Everglades‐Florida). Meronymic relations ore further distinguished from other inclusion relations, such as spatial inclusion, and class inclusion, and from several other semantic relations: attribution, attachment, and ownership. This taxonomy is then used to explain cases of apparent intransitivity in merological syllogisms, and standard form syllogisms whose premises express different inclusion relations. The data suggest that intransitivities arise due to equivocations between different types of semantic relations. These results are then explained by means of the relation element theory which accounts for the character and behavior of semantic relations in terms of more primitive relational elements. The inferential phenomena observed are then explained by means of a single principle of element matching.
Characterization of endotoxin from Fusobacterium necrophorun (1975)

Endotoxic lipopolysachharide (LPS) was obtained from phenol-water extraction of cell walls prepared from mass-cultivated Fusobacterium necrophorum. The LPS was relatively free of nucleic acids and low in protein, and constituted about 4% of the cell walls. Upon acid hydrolysis, some of the components detected were hexosamines (7.0%), neutral and reducing sugars (50.5%), heptose (6.4%), 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (0.8%), lipid A (21.0%), and phosphorus (1.7%). Under electron microscopy the LPS appeared mainly as ribbon-like trilaminar structures, and upon chemical treatment it displayed a behavior resembling that reported in certain enterobacterial LPS. The LPS was lethal to mice, 11-day-old chicken embryos, and rabbits. Endotoxicity in mice was enhanced at least 1,380-fold by the addition of 12.5 mug of actinomycin D. Induced tolerance to lethal effect of the endotoxin and rapidly acquired resistance to infection by F. necrophrum viable cells were also demonstrated in mice. The endotoxin produced both localized and generalized Shwartzman reactions as well as biphasic pyrogenic responses in rabbits. These results firmly establish the presence of a classical endotoxin in F. necrophorum, thus providing strong support to our recent suggestion that cell wall-associated components may contribute significantly to the pathogenicity of F. necrophorum.
Infrared broadband emission of bismuth-doped barium-aluminum-borate glasses (2005)

We report near infrared broadband emission of bismuth-doped barium-aluminum-borate glasses. The broadband emission covers 1.3microm window in optical telecommunication systems. And it possesses wide full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ~200nm and long lifetime as long as 350micros. The luminescent properties are quite sensitive to glass compositions and excitation wavelengths. Based on energy matching conditions, we suggest that the infrared emission may be ascribed to 3P1? 3P0 transition of Bi+. The broad infrared emission characteristics of this material indicate that it might be a promising candidate for broadband optical fiber amplifiers and tunable lasers.
Human Lung Carcinogen--DNA Adduct Levels Mediated by Genetic Polymorphisms In Vivo (1995)

This study finds that the levels of two different carcinogen-DNA adducts vary in lung tissue (an important target tissue) in association with three separate genetic polymorphisms (i.e., CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and GSTM1). CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 genotypes are associated with higher 7-methyl-dGMP levels, while the GSTM1 null genotype is associated with higher numbers of PAH-dGMP adducts. These findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms are predictive of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels and would thus be predictive of an individual's lifetime response to carcinogen exposure.
Molecular Biology of Opioid Receptors: Recent Advances (1997)

Endogenous opioid peptides and opiates like morphine produce their pharmacological effects through the membrane bound opioid receptors. These receptors belong to a superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors, all of which possess seven membrane-spanning regions. Structure-activity relationship studies of opioids opened up new avenues for the pharmacological characterization of the opioid receptors. As a further advancement in this direction, molecular cloning has led to the identification of three different types of opioid receptors -- OP1 (delta), OP2 (kappa) and OP3 (mu) -- thereby supporting the results of earlier pharmacological studies which postulated their existence. The three opioid receptors are highly homologous. Consequent to the development of highly specific and selective agonists and antagonists, it was proposed that the three types of opioid receptors could be further categorized into different subtypes. However, the molecular biology data generated so far do not support the presence of the various subtypes of the three well-characterized opioid receptors. Recent strides towards the advancement of our knowledge relating to the molecular biology of these receptors have been reviewed in this article.
Variational Quantum Computation of Excited States (2019)

The calculation of excited state energies of electronic structure Hamiltonians has many important applications, such as the calculation of optical spectra and reaction rates. While low-depth quantum algorithms, such as the variational quantum eigenvalue solver (VQE), have been used to determine ground state energies, methods for calculating excited states currently involve the implementation of high-depth controlled-unitaries or a large number of additional samples. Here we show how overlap estimation can be used to deflate eigenstates once they are found, enabling the calculation of excited state energies and their degeneracies. We propose an implementation that requires the same number of qubits as VQE and at most twice the circuit depth. Our method is robust to control errors, is compatible with error-mitigation strategies and can be implemented on near-term quantum computers.
Wireless contact lens sensor for intraocular pressure monitoring: assessment on enucleated pig eyes (2008)

The wireless CLS shows a good functionality to monitor the IOP on enucleated pig eyes. The device is placed in the same way as a soft disposable contact lens. This device would allow a minimally invasive and continuous monitoring of IOP over prolonged periods of up to 24 hr, regardless of patient activity, thus opening up new diagnostic and therapeutic methods to manage glaucoma.
Relation of Ejection Fraction and Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia to Mode of Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2002)

Both low ejection fraction and inducible tachyarrhythmias identify patients with coronary disease at increased mortality risk. Ejection fraction does not discriminate between modes of death, whereas inducible tachyarrhythmia identifies patients for whom death, if it occurs, is significantly more likely to be arrhythmic, especially if ejection fraction is > or =30%.
An OVF toolkit supporting Inter-Cloud application splitting (2014)

The Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is a software packaging standard designed to support the portability and deployment of applications in different virtualization platforms. Ease interoperability and portability among cloud providers is of paramount importance to mitigate vendor lock-in and fostering cooperation among different cloud technologies. To this end, the researcher community is spending a lot of effort in investigating cloud broker and cloud federation solutions. However, we feel that the community still misses an open-source reference tool for the management of these operations when it comes to the OVF standard. With the aim to fill this gap, we propose the OVF Toolkit, an open tool to parse, render, and split OVF files. This paper describes the principal design decisions, the implementation, and the capabilities of the toolkit, as well as its experimental evaluation.
Expression of a functional oxygen-labile nitrogenase component in the mitochondrial matrix of aerobically grown yeast (2016)

The extreme sensitivity of nitrogenase towards oxygen stands as a major barrier to engineer biological nitrogen fixation into cereal crops by direct nif gene transfer. Here, we use yeast as a model of eukaryotic cell and show that aerobically grown cells express active nitrogenase Fe protein when the NifH polypeptide is targeted to the mitochondrial matrix together with the NifM maturase. Co-expression of NifH and NifM with Nif-specific Fe-S cluster biosynthetic proteins NifU and NifS is not required for Fe protein activity, demonstrating NifH ability to incorporate endogenous mitochondrial Fe-S clusters. In contrast, expression of active Fe protein in the cytosol requires both anoxic growth conditions and co-expression of NifH and NifM with NifU and NifS. Our results show the convenience of using mitochondria to host nitrogenase components, thus providing instrumental technology for the grand challenge of engineering N2-fixing cereals.
Patterned distribution of silicon nanocrystals prepared by pulsed laser interference crystallization of an ultrathin a-Si:H single layer (2003)

We employ the method of phase-modulated KrF excimer pulsed laser interference crystallization (LIC) to fabricate nanocrystalline silicon with a two-dimensional (2D) patterned distribution within an ultrathin a-Si:H single layer. A local phase transition occurs in the ultrathin a-Si:H film upon LIC with the appropriate energy density. The results from atomic force microscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, planar and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that Si nanocrystallites are formed within the initial a-Si:H single layer, selectively located in disc-shaped regions with diameters of 250 nm and patterned with the same 2D periodicity of 2.0 μm as the phase-shifting grating.
Query-by-Example Music Information Retrieval by Score-Informed Source Separation and Remixing Technologies (2011)

We describe a novel query-by-example (QBE) approach in music information retrieval that allows a user to customize query examples by directly modifying the volume of different instrument parts. The underlying hypothesis of this approach is that the musical mood of retrieved results changes in relation to the volume balance of different instruments. On the basis of this hypothesis, we aim to clarify the relationship between the change in the volume balance of a query and the genre of the retrieved pieces, called genre classification shift. Such an understanding would allow us to instruct users in how to generate alternative queries without finding other appropriate pieces. Our QBE system first separates all instrument parts from the audio signal of a piece with the help of its musical score, and then it allows users remix these parts to change the acoustic features that represent the musical mood of the piece. Experimental results showed that the genre classification shift was actually caused by the volume change in the vocal, guitar, and drum parts.
Facile Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Salts to Aldehydes by Boron Hydrides Thexylbromoborane-Dimethyl Sulfide and 9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1]nonane (1988)

New methods of the reduction of carboxylic acid salts to aldehydes with 2 equiv of thexylbromoborane-dimethyl sulfide (ThxBHBr) or 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) are described. Both these reagents provide the corresponding aldehydes from various as sodium and lithium salts of carboxylic acids in high yields both at room temperature. Such facile reductions are explained as the simple substitution for the bromo group of ThxBHBr by a carboxylate to form thexyl(acyloxty)borane followed by reduction with excess reagent and the formation of an ate complex followed by reduction with excess 9-BBN.
<i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> KLDS1.8701 alleviates <scp>d</scp>-galactose-induced aging by regulating Nrf-2 and gut microbiota in mice (2018)

Aging is commonly associated with chronic oxidative stress and mild inflammation that can cause a variety of degenerative diseases. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) provide several health benefits to the host including antioxidant activity and immune system regulation. However, there is a lack of information regarding the antioxidant mechanisms of probiotics in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the possible mechanisms for the preventive effect of LAB on aging. First, 25 LAB strains were screened for finding potential probiotics with high antioxidant capacity using in vitro methods. Second, d-galactose was administered by subcutaneous injection once daily for 8 weeks to establish an aging mouse model to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of the potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1.8701, identified from the screening. The results in vitro showed that L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 had a better property with remarkable free radical scavenging activity. In vivo, L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 supplementation significantly ameliorated aging-related changes such as decreased organic index, liver injury and increased endotoxin. L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 supplementation reduced hepatic oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf-2 pathway. Notably, L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 supplementation restored the gut microbiota composition to that of the control group, resulting in increased butyrate production and decreased endotoxin production. These findings indicated that L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 supplementation manipulated gut microbiota and its metabolites could attenuate hepatic oxidative stress via the gut-liver axis.
Sol Ar uv d Am Age And SKin protection: the boo Sting of n Atur Al defence S And he Aling by co Smeceutic Al S (2013)

This method was proved to be robust and suitable to support rat dermal toxicology studies.
Habitat Use of Cranes in Cheolwon Basin, Korea (2001)

We investigated the habitat use of cranes, and suggested the proper way to protect and manage the cranes in Cheolwon Basin, which is the most important wintering ground of cranes in Korea. Field surveys were conducted in the wintering seasons from Nov. 1994 to Feb. 1995, and from Nov. 1997 to Feb. 1998. The habitat loss and environmental changes by the road construction and agricultural field rearrangement might have affected the distribution of the cranes. The distribution of cranes seemed to be related with the density of rice grains remained in rice paddies.
The Mechanism and Grinding Limit of Planetary Ball Milling [Translated]<sup>†</sup> (1989)

To clarify the mechanism and characteristics of planetary ball milling, batch grinding experiments were carried out under various conditions. The motion of the balls in the mill was observed and analyzed by using multi stroboscope photography connected to an image analyzer, and the contact force on the mill wall by the balls was measured using a pressure sensor. The surging phenomenon of the balls in the mill was confirmed by the photographic analysis. Based on this result, it is predicted that the grinding mechanism in the planetary ball mill consists of compressive, abrasive and shear stress of the balls, which is believed to be effective in producing very fine particles. About thirty percent of ball filling of the mill was found to be the optimum. This was explained by an analysis of the motion of the balls and the measurement of the contact force. It was found that the grinding limit is greatly dependent on ball size. An experimental equation expressing the relationship between the finest average size of the ground product and the ball size is also given in this article.† This report was originally printed in J. Soc. Powder Technology, Japan, 25(5), 297-302 (1988) in Japanese, before being translated into English by KONA Editorial Committee with the permission of the editorial committee of the Soc. Powder Technology, Japan.
Antifeeding, repellent and insecticidal efficacy of plant products against Helicoverpa armigera. (2010)

Extract of Cassia fistula was effective as antifeeding response, Sanbucus nigra was having repelling response whereas Clitoria ternatea was quiet toxic to 4th stage larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. Since the test insect is a polyphagons, various responses were due to the active principles present in the plant species. Antifeeding was affected by glucosides, repellant response was attributed to anthroquinone derivatives whereas toxic effect was due to oils, razin and tarnin present in all plant species tested against H. armigera.
Whole plant extracts versus single compounds for the treatment of malaria: synergy and positive interactions (2011)

More clinical research is needed on all types of interaction between plant constituents. This could include clinical trials of combinations of pure compounds (such as artemisinin + curcumin + piperine) and of combinations of herbal remedies (such as Artemisia annua leaves + Curcuma longa root + Piper nigum seeds). The former may enhance the activity of existing pharmaceutical preparations, and the latter may improve the effectiveness of existing herbal remedies for use in remote areas where modern drugs are unavailable.