gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Stacked Package Technology and Its Application Prospects (2009)

In recent years, the increasing demands for the high performance integrated circuit devices have led to the development of multi-die stacked technology in a single package form. The 3D (three dimension) stacked package technology is developing trend of the integrated circuit advanced high-density packaging, which can easily meet the developing of smaller footprint, lower profile, multi-function, lower power consumption and lower cost for the cell phones and consumer products like digital cameras, MP4, PDA and other wireless devices. Some correlative concepts of the 3D stacked package have been proposed in this paper. Firstly, the development trends and the general classifications of 3D stacked package have been introduced. Furthermore, in order to compare with the traditional 2D package (MCM), the advantages of the 3D stacked package technology have been discussed, and it also briefly states the technical challenges that 3D stacked package technology must be faced. In addition, the potential applications that may take advantage of 3D stacked package technology are discussed in the end.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of furan-containing difluoroboron complexes (2016)

New β-diketonate difluoroboron complexes (<bold>F1–F4</bold>) containing a furan ring have been developed, and their luminescence properties have been investigated systematically.
Deletion of the Cytoplasmic Tail of the Fusion Protein of the Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5 Affects Fusion Pore Enlargement (2001)

The fusion (F) protein of the paramxyovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) promotes virus-cell and cell-cell membrane fusion. Previous work had indicated that removal of the SV5 F protein cytoplasmic tail (F Tail- or FDelta19) caused a block in fusion promotion at the hemifusion stage. Further examination has shown that although the F Tail- mutant is severely debilitated in promotion of fusion as measured by using two reporter gene assays and is debilitated in the formation of syncytia relative to the wild-type F protein, the F Tail- mutant is capable of promoting the transfer of small aqueous dyes. These data indicate that F Tail- is fully capable of promoting formation of small fusion pores. However, enlargement of fusion pores is debilitated, suggesting that either the cytoplasmic tail of the F protein plays a direct role in pore expansion or that it interacts with other components which control pore growth.
Planarization process using a multi-coating of spin-on-glass (2003)

A double-level metallization process using a multi-coating of silanol-type spin-on glass (SOG) has been developed. For finer patterns, it is difficult to fill the narrow grooves between the first Al lines and therefore the interlevel dielectric layer cannot be sufficiently planarized in the conventional single-coating process. A multi-coating technique with a modified three-step curing process was developed to solve this problem. The multi-coating process exhibited good planarization when checked by observing a cross-sectional view of the devices. The open and short yields of the second Al lines were also very good, and the resistance of the second Al line decreased to about 80% at quadruple coating compared with a single coating. No failures appeared in the pressure-cooking test and temperature cycling test. >
Products of Polyaddition of 1,5-Pentanediol Dithioglycolate with 2,4-Tolyene Diisocyanate and with 4,4-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (1975)

Abstract Products of polyaddition of isocyanates with other components containing reactive atoms of hydrogen are of growing interest due to various possibilities of their application.
Ethanol causes acute inhibition of carbohydrate, fat, and protein oxidation and insulin resistance. (1988)

To study the mechanism of the diabetogenic action of ethanol, ethanol (0.75 g/kg over 30 min) and then glucose (0.5 g/kg over 5 min) were infused intravenously into six normal males. During the 4-h study, 21.8 +/- 2.1 g of ethanol was metabolized and oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Ethanol decreased total body fat oxidation by 79% and protein oxidation by 39%, and almost completely abolished the 249% rise in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation seen in controls after glucose infusion. Ethanol decreased the basal rate of glucose appearance (GRa) by 30% and the basal rate of glucose disappearance (GRd) by 38%, potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin release by 54%, and had no effect on glucose tolerance. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, ethanol caused a 36% decrease in glucose disposal. We conclude that ethanol was a preferred fuel preventing fat, and to lesser degrees, CHO and protein, from being oxidized. It also caused acute insulin resistance which was compensated for by hypersecretion of insulin.
Fabrication of Large-Area Hierarchical Structure Array Using Siliconized-Silsesquioxane as a Nanoscale Etching Barrier (2015)

A material approach to fabricate a large-area hierarchical structure array is presented. The replica molding and oxygen (O2) plasma etching processes were combined to fabricate a large-area hierarchical structure array. Liquid blends consisting of siliconized silsesquioxane acrylate (Si-SSQA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and photoinitiator are developed as a roughness amplifying material during O2 plasma etching. Microstructures composed of the Si-SSQA/EGDMA mixtures are fabricated by replica molding. Nanoscale roughness on molded microstructures is realized by O2 etching. The nanoscale roughness on microstructures is efficiently controlled by varying the etching time and the weight ratio of Si-SSQA to EGDMA. The hierarchical structures fabricated by combining replica molding and O2 plasma etching showed superhydrophilicity with long-term stability, resulting in the formation of hydroxyl-terminated silicon oxide layer with the reorientation limit. On the other hand, the hierarchical structures modified with a perfluorinated monolayer showed superhydrophobicity. The increment of water contact angles is consistent with increment of the nano/microroughness of hierarchical structures and decrement of the top contact area of water/hierarchical structures.
The usefulness of serial C‐reactive protein measurement in managing neonatal infection (1995)

Recent advances in laboratory technology have enabled us to measure C-reactive protein with a higher sensitivity in a short period using a minimal amount of blood. Thus C-reactive protein can be measured easily several times a day. In this study, serial changes in C-reactive protein values were evaluated in 108 term and 240 preterm newborn infants with suspicion of infection, and the changing patterns of C-reactive protein values were compared with clinical outcome. For a diagnosis of infection, the negative predictive values in term and preterm infants were 99.0% and 97.8%, respectively, although the sensitivities were 61.5% and 75.0%, respectively. Antibiotic therapy was started at birth and discontinued when the changing pattern of C-reactive protein and clinical findings did not suggest infection. As a result, mean durations of administration of antibiotics in the term and preterm infants were 3 and 4 days, respectively. Recognition of the changing pattern of C-reactive protein was very useful in excluding infection and minimizing unnecessary antibiotic therapy in managing neonatal infection.
Bisphosphonate Derivatives of Nucleoside Antimetabolites: Hydrolytic Stability and Hydroxyapatite Adsorption of 5′-β,γ-Methylene and 5′-β,γ-(1-Hydroxyethylidene) Triphosphates of 5-Fluorouridine and <i>ara</i>-Cytidine (2008)

Kinetics of the hydrolytic reactions of four bisphosphonate derivatives of nucleoside antimetabolites, viz., 5-fluorouridine 5'-beta,gamma-(1-hydroxyethylidene) triphosphate ( 4), 5-fluorouridine 5'-beta,gamma-methylene triphosphate ( 5), ara-cytidine 5'-beta,gamma-(1-hydroxyethylidene) triphosphate ( 6), and ara-cytidine 5'-beta,gamma-methylene triphosphate ( 7), have been studied over a wide pH range (pH 1.0-8.5) at 90 degrees C. With each compound, the disappearance of the starting material was accompanied by formation of the corresponding nucleoside 5'-monophosphate, the reaction being up to 2 orders of magnitude faster with the beta,gamma-(1-hydroxyethylidene) derivatives ( 4, 6) than with their beta,gamma-methylene counterparts ( 5, 7). With compound 7, deamination of the cytosine base competed with the phosphate hydrolysis at pH 3-6. The measurements at 37 degrees C (pH 7.4) in the absence and presence of divalent alkaline earth metal ions (Mg (2+) and Ca (2+)) showed no sign of metal ion catalysis. Under these conditions, the initial product, nucleoside 5'-monophosphate, underwent rapid dephosphorylation to the corresponding nucleoside. Hydrolysis of the beta,gamma-methylene derivatives ( 5, 7) to the corresponding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates was markedly faster in mouse serum than in aqueous buffer (pH 7.4), the rate-acceleration being 5600- and 3150-fold with 5 and 7, respectively. In human serum, the accelerations were 800- and 450-fold compared to buffer. In striking contrast, the beta,gamma-(1-hydroxyethylidene) derivatives did not experience a similar decrease in hydrolytic stability. The stability in human serum was comparable to that in aqueous buffer (tau 1/2 = 17 and 33 h with 4 and 6, respectively), and on going to mouse serum, a 2- to 4-fold acceleration was observed. To elucidate the mineral-binding properties of 4- 7, their retention on a hydroxyapatite column was studied and compared to that of zoledronate ( 1a) and nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphates.
A Comparison of the Rates of Growth and Photosynthesis in First-Year Seedlings of Four Provenances of Pinus contorta Dougl (1968)

The results of four experiments are reported in which the parameters of growth were examined in first-year seedlings of Pinus contorta Dougl. raised from seed of four different geographic origins (provenances). Highly significant differences in net photosynthesis were shown between provenances over a wide range of light intensities, in plants of both 12 and 19 weeks of age, when measurement was made at a temperature of 20 °C. Provenances with a high net rate of photosynthesis also had a high rate of dark respiration, consequently provenance differences in gross photosynthetic rate paralleled those in net photosynthetic rate. Leaf-weight ratios (i.e. the ratios of leaf weight: plant weight) also differed significantly between provenances, and there was an over-all negative correlation between rates of photosynthesis and leaf-weight ratios. Differences in relative growth-rate (RGR) result from differences in the component variables, photosynthetic rate, and leaf-weight ratio. As the values of these two parameters were negatively correlated in the experiment, the RGRs of the four provenances differed little during the mid-seasonal period of growth. It was not possible, despite precise measurements of dry-weight increment made on plants grown in nutrient solution, to show inter-provenance differences in RGR which were statistically significant during the mid-seasonal period. Marked inter-provenance differences occurred in the length of growing season, as measured by the time interval between germination and terminal bud formation, and these differences were associated with differences in seedling height. They were not, at least within the time period examined, associated with differences in seedling weight, and the significance of this fact is discussed in terms of productivity studies for forest tree species.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis from non‐gynecologic malignancies (2000)

BACKGROUND Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common evolution of digestive cancer, associated with a poor prognosis. Yet it is poorly documented in the literature. METHODS Three hundred seventy patients with PC from non-gynecologic malignancies were followed prospectively: the PC was of gastric origin in 125 cases, of colorectal origin in 118 cases, of pancreatic origin in 58 cases, of unknown origin in 43 cases, and of miscellaneous origins in 26 cases. A previously reported PC staging system was used to classify these 370 patients. RESULTS Mean and median overall survival periods were 6.0 and 3.1 months, respectively. Survival rates were mainly affected by the initial PC stage (9.8 months for Stage I with malignant peritoneal granulations less than 5 mm in greatest dimension, versus 3.7 months for Stage IV with large, malignant peritoneal masses more than 2 cm in greatest dimension). The presence of ascites was associated with poor survival of patients with gastric or pancreatic carcinoma. Differentiation of the primary tumor did not influence the prognoses of patients with PC. CONCLUSIONS A better knowledge of the natural history of PC is needed, in view of the many Phase I, II, and III trials currently being conducted to evaluate aggressive multimodal therapeutic approaches to treating patients with PC from non-gynecologic malignancies. Cancer 2000;88:358–63. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Deletions in the cytoplasmic domain of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31) result in changes in ligand binding properties (1994)

Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily present on platelets, endothelial cells, and leukocytes that may function as a vascular cell adhesion molecule. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the cytoplasmic domain in PECAM-1 function. To accomplish this, wild-type and mutated forms of PECAM-1 cDNA were transfected into murine fibroblasts and the functional characteristics of the cells analyzed. Wild-type PECAM-1 localized to the cell-cell borders of adjacently transfected cells and mediated heterophilic, calcium-dependent L-cell aggregation that was inhibitable by a polyclonal and two monoclonal anti-PECAM-1 antibodies. A mutant protein lacking the entire cytoplasmic domain did not support aggregation or move to cell-cell borders. In contrast, both forms of PECAM-1 with partially truncated cytoplasmic domains (missing either the COOH-terminal third or two thirds of the cytoplasmic domain) localized to cell-cell borders in 3T3 cells in a manner analogous to the distribution seen in cultured endothelial cells. L-cells expressing these mutants demonstrated homophilic, calcium-independent aggregation that was blocked by the polyclonal anti-PECAM-1 antibody, but not by the two bioactive monoclonal antibodies. Although changes in the cytoplasmic domain of other receptors have been shown to alter ligand-binding affinity, to our knowledge, PECAM-1 is the first example of a cell adhesion molecule where changes in the cytoplasmic domain result in a switch in the basic mechanism of adhesion leading to different ligand-binding specificity. Variations in the cytoplasmic domain could thus be a potential mechanism for regulating PECAM-1 activity in vivo.
Studies on the genus Eupenicillium Ludwig I. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Penicillia in relation to their sclerotioid ascocarpic states (1967)

The ascocarpic genus Eupenicillium Ludwig has been re-instated and reviewed taxonomically. It accommodates the perfect states of species characterized by pseudoparenchymatic or sclerotioid cleistothecia. The imperfect states belong to Penicillium Link ex Fries. Descriptions and synonomy of the genus and its type species E. crustaceum are presented. The generic name Eupenicillium has priority over the generic name Carpenteles Langeron. Penicillium kewense is reduced to the synonomy of E. crustaceum. The fungus misidentified by Shear as C. asperum is redescribed as E. shearii sp. nov. Species which had not previously been assigned to Eupenicillium are here so assigned.
Clostridium difficile Carriage in Healthy Infants in the Community: A Potential Reservoir for Pathogenic Strains (2012)

This study provides information on the dynamics of colonization in infants in the community and on the genotype of involved strains. C. difficile colonization appears mainly as an age-dependent process. Pathogenic strains circulate in asymptomatic infants from the community, who represent a potential reservoir of pathogenic strains.
Poly(N-bromoacrylamide): a new polymeric recyclable oxidizing and brominating reagent (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(N-bromoacrylamide): a new polymeric recyclable oxidizing and brominating reagentBenny K. George and V. N. Rajasekharan PillaiCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 6, 1867–1870Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00184a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00184a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of betaine, organic acids and inulin as single feed additives or in combination on bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned pigs (2009)

A study was carried out to investigate whether blends of betaine, organic acids and inulin may improve their efficacy to modulate intestinal bacterial populations in weaned pigs compared with the single application of these additives. Moreover, potential postprandial diurnal variations in ileal bacterial numbers were determined in piglets fed the control diet. Twenty-four piglets in two consecutive experiments received a wheat-barley-soybean meal control diet (Con) or the Con diet supplemented with betaine (BET; 0.2%), an organic acid blend (AC; 0.4%) or inulin (IN; 0.2%) as single additives or in combination. Ileal bacterial numbers of total bacteria, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria (p < 0.05) and enterobacteria (p < 0.10) showed a postprandial diurnal variation, thus spot sampling of ileal digesta for the determination of bacterial numbers may not be representative. There were only small effects of BET, AC and IN on ileal and faecal bacterial populations. BET + AC increased total ileal bacterial numbers compared to the Con and AC treatments. BET reduced lactobacilli numbers in faeces, whereas BET + IN increased ileal numbers of bifidobacteria compared to AC and IN. There is evidence that BET, AC, IN and their combinations may affect proliferation of beneficial bacterial populations, although this has to be confirmed in further studies.
Thermophilic fungi: III. The lipids of<i>Humicola grisea</i> var.<i>thermoidea</i> (1971)

The lipids of the thermophilic fungusHumicola grisea var.thermoidea were qualitatively and quantitatively determined. The polar lipids consisted of 38.4-42.3% of the total lipids. The relative per cent phospholipids based upon the total phospholipids were as follows: phosphatidyl choline, 32.3-33.7%; phosphatidic acid, 24.5-31.7%; phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 15.8-20.9%; phosphatidyl inositol, 12.5-13.0%; phosphatidyl serine, 2.3-5.4%; and diphosphatidyl glycerol, 3.9-4.0%. The relatively high concentration of phosphatidic acid may be characteristic of fungi grown at elevated temperatures. Several sterol glycosides (3.1-6.0%) were present in the polar lipids. The neutral lipids consist of triglycerides, 28.6-36.0%; free fatty acids, 5.3-13.5%; sterols, 11.4-13.9%; sterol esters, 1.8-3.0%; and diglycerides, 2.2-3.4%. The sterols and derivatives comprise an unusually large fraction of the total lipids (16.3-22.9%) suggesting a role in thermostability.
Immediate effects of middle ear pressure changes on the electrocochleographic recordings in patients with Menière's disease: a clinical placebo-controlled study. (1997)

This is the first study in which electrophysiologic parameters were evaluated in a placebo-controlled clinical trial of overpressure treatment in Menière's disease. The results show that electrophysiologic parameters can be improved by the application of positive pressure pulses of low amplitude in the middle ear.
The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention (2006)

The goal-gradient hypothesis denotes the classic finding from behaviorism that animals expend more effort as they approach a reward. Building on this hypothesis, the authors generate new propositions for the human psychology of rewards. They test these propositions using field experiments, secondary customer data, paper-and-pencil problems, and Tobit and logit models. The key findings indicate that (1) participants in a real café reward program purchase coffee more frequently the closer they are to earning a free coffee; (2) Internet users who rate songs in return for reward certificates visit the rating Web site more often, rate more songs per visit, and persist longer in the rating effort as they approach the reward goal; (3) the illusion of progress toward the goal induces purchase acceleration (e.g., customers who receive a 12-stamp coffee card with 2 preexisting “bonus” stamps complete the 10 required purchases faster than customers who receive a “regular” 10-stamp card); and (4) a stronger tendency to accelerate toward the goal predicts greater retention and faster reengagement in the program. The conceptualization and empirical findings are captured by a parsimonious goal-distance model, in which effort investment is a function of the proportion of original distance remaining to the goal. In addition, using statistical and experimental controls, the authors rule out alternative explanations for the observed goal gradients. They discuss the theoretical significance of their findings and the managerial implications for incentive systems, promotions, and customer retention.
Creation of Entanglement by Interaction with a Common Heat Bath (2002)

I show that entanglement between two qubits can be generated if the two qubits interact with a common heat bath in thermal equilibrium, but do not interact directly with each other. In most situations the entanglement is created for a very short time after the interaction with the heat bath is switched on, but depending on system, coupling, and heat bath, the entanglement may persist for arbitrarily long times. This mechanism sheds new light on the creation of entanglement. A particular example of two quantum dots in a closed cavity is discussed, where the heat bath is given by the blackbody radiation.
Enhancement of Mammographic Features by Optimal Adaptive Neighborhood Image Processing (1986)

X-ray mammography is the only breast cancer detection technique presently available with proven efficacy. Mammographic detection of early breast cancer requires optimal radiological or image processing techniques. We present an image processing approach based on adaptive neighborhood processing with a new set of contrast enhancement functions to enhance mammographic features. This procedure brings out the features in the image with little or no enhancement of the noise. We also find that adaptive neighborhoods with surrounds whose width is a constant difference from the center yield improved enhancement over adaptive neighborhoods with a constant ratio of surround to center neighborhood widths.