gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental comparison of time sharing and batch processing (1967)

The effectiveness for program development of the MIT Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was compared with that of the IBM IBSYS batch-processing system by means of a statistically designed experiment. An identical set of four programming problems was assigned to each of a group of four programming subjects. Influences external to the systems, such as the sequence of problem solution, and programmer and problem characteristics, were specified as design factors in the experiment. Data was obtained for six variables (e.g., programmer time, computer time, elapsed time, etc.) which were considered to be definitive of "system effectiveness," and analysis of variance techniques were employed to estimate system differences in these variables after differences due to the design factors had been eliminated. Statistical analysis of the experimental results provided strong evidence of important system differences, as well as a critque of the experimental design itself with implications for further experimentation.
Optimal allocation for partially replicated database systems on ring networks (2003)

The authors consider a distributed database with partial replication of data objects located on a ring network. Certain placements of replicated objects optimize the probability of read-only success and the probability of write-only success. The authors also obtain optimal placements for k-terminal reliability and expected minimal path length for read-only and write-only operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An intermediate neglect of differential overlap technique for spectroscopy of transition-metal complexes. Ferrocene (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn intermediate neglect of differential overlap technique for spectroscopy of transition-metal complexes. FerroceneMichael C. Zerner, Gilda H. Loew, Robert F. Kirchner, and Ulrich T. Mueller-WesterhoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2, 589–599Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00522a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00522a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2047Altmetric-Citations1126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and cytotoxicity studies of 8-amino-6-methyl-2-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexaazaacenaphthylene (7-Aza-TCN) and the corresponding 2'-deoxy- and arabinonucleoside analogues (1990)

The tricyclic nucleoside 8-amino-6-N-methyl-2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3,5,6, 7-hexaazaacenaphthylene was synthesized from 8-amino-6-N-methyl-4-(methylthio)-2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3,5,6, 7-hexaazaacenaphthylene. The 2'-deoxy analogue of 5, 8-amino-6-N-methyl-2-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,5,6, 7-hexaazaacenaphthylene (11), and the arabino analogue of (5), 8-amino-6-N-methyl-2-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1,2,3,5,6, 7-hexaazaacenaphthylene (14) were synthesized from 5. Nucleosides 2,3,4,5,11, and 14 were evaluated for potential anticancer activity by measuring their ability to inhibit the growth of L1210 and H. Ep. 2 tumor cells in vitro.
Peptide Conjugation: Before or After Nanoparticle Formation? (2014)

We report herein a detailed study concerning the impact of different bioconjugation and nanoformulation strategies on the in vitro targeting ability of peptide-decorated squalenoyl gemcitabine (SQdFdC) nanoparticles (NPs). NPs have been functionalized with the CKAAKN peptide, previously identified as an efficient homing device within the pancreatic pathological microenvironment. Two approaches have been followed: (i) either the CKAAKN peptide was directly conjugated at the surface of preformed SQdFdC nanoparticles (conjugation after NP formation) or (ii) it was first reacted with a maleimide squalenoyl derivative before the resulting bioconjugate was co-nanoprecipitated with SQdFdC to form the peptide-decorated NPs (conjugation before NP formation). NPs were characterized with respect to mean diameter, zeta potential, and stability over time. Then, their specific interaction with the sFRP-4 protein was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance. Although both synthetic strategies allowed us to formulate NPs able to interact with the corresponding receptor, enhanced target binding and better specific avidity were observed with CKAAKN-NPs functionalized before NP formation. These NPs displayed the highest cell uptake and cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of human MIA Paca-2 pancreatic cancer cells.
Induction of mitophagy-mediated antitumor activity with folate-appended methyl-&beta;-cyclodextrin (2017)

Mitophagy is the specific autophagic elimination system of mitochondria, which regulates cellular survival via the removal of damaged mitochondria. Recently, we revealed that folate-appended methyl-β-cyclodextrin (FA-M-β-CyD) provides selective antitumor activity in folate receptor-α (FR-α)-expressing cells by the induction of autophagy. In this study, to gain insight into the detailed mechanism of this antitumor activity, we focused on the induction of mitophagy by the treatment of FR-α-expressing tumor cells with FA-M-β-CyD. In contrast to methyl-β-cyclodextrin, FA-M-β-CyD entered KB cells, human epithelial cells from a fatal cervical carcinoma (FR-α (+)) through FR-α-mediated endocytosis. The transmembrane potential of isolated mitochondria after treatment with FA-M-β-CyD was significantly elevated. In addition, FA-M-β-CyD lowered adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and promoted reactive oxygen species production in KB cells (FR-α (+)). Importantly, FA-M-β-CyD enhanced light chain 3 (LC3) conversion (LC3-I to LC3-II) in KB cells (FR-α (+)) and induced PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) protein expression, which is involved in the induction of mitophagy. Furthermore, FA-M-β-CyD had potent antitumor activity in BALB/c <i>nu/nu</i> mice xenografted with KB cells (FR-α (+)) without any significant side effects. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the autophagic cell death elicited by FA-M-β-CyD could be associated with mitophagy induced by an impaired mitochondrial function.
Visual Forecasting by Imitating Dynamics in Natural Sequences (2017)

We introduce a general framework for visual forecasting, which directly imitates visual sequences without additional supervision. As a result, our model can be applied at several semantic levels and does not require any domain knowledge or handcrafted features. We achieve this by formulating visual forecasting as an inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problem, and directly imitate the dynamics in natural sequences from their raw pixel values. The key challenge is the high-dimensional and continuous state-action space that prohibits the application of previous IRL algorithms. We address this computational bottleneck by extending recent progress in model-free imitation with trainable deep feature representations, which (1) bypasses the exhaustive state-action pair visits in dynamic programming by using a dual formulation and (2) avoids explicit state sampling at gradient computation using a deep feature reparametrization. This allows us to apply IRL at scale and directly imitate the dynamics in high-dimensional continuous visual sequences from the raw pixel values. We evaluate our approach at three different level-of-abstraction, from low level pixels to higher level semantics: future frame generation, action anticipation, visual story forecasting. At all levels, our approach outperforms existing methods.
Progression from hormone dependence to autonomy in mammary tumors as an in vivo manifestation of sequential clonal selection. (1975)

The natural history of breast cancer with respect to its progression from hormone dependence to autonomy was studied by successively transplanting the earliest possible form of a rat mammary adenocarcinoma in syngeneic rats and isolating sublines of this tumor manifesting new endocrinological and other biological characteristics over a period of 15 years. The original, fully mannotropin-dependent tumor MT-W9, whose growth is dependent entirely on pharmacological levels of mannotropin supplied by an extraneous source, gave rise to an estrogen-dependent variant, MT-W9A. This MT-W9A growns only in normal adult female hosts and regresses promptly upon oophorectomy. Subsequently, this tumor produced a subline, the fully autonomous MT-W9B, which grows well in any syngeneic rats regardless of their hormonal status. The third subline derived from the autonomous tumor was designated MT-W9C, the androgen-responsive line, because it growns better in male than in female rats. Having reversed its original female preference, it might also be characterized as reversely responsive. Chromosomal analysis of these 4 tumors disclosed 4 distinct stem cell lines, but each tumor also contained small numbers of cells from other stem lines. The progression from mammotropin dependence to androgen responsiveness in this mammary tumor system seems to have been accomplished by merely shifting from 1 stem line to another in an orderly sequence, and it appears to be an irreversible process. In addition to the hormone dependency, the progression of the tumor is accompanied by a gradual increase of cachexia-producing effects on the host that may be related to the immunogenicity of tumor cells. These 4 distinct hormonal characteristics encompass the entire known spectrum of breast cancer in man and animals with the exception of the metastasizing property. These tumors are being studied by many investigators and are maintained vertically and horizontally in syngeneic rats by us. The hormonal and cytogenetic characteristics of each stem cell line have been stable for over a decade.
Expression, purification and crystallization of two peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases from<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2004)

Two members of the acyl-CoA oxidase family from Arabidopsis thaliana have been cloned, overexpressed, purified and crystallized. Long-chain-specific acyl-CoA oxidase 1 crystals are characterized by a large variation in diffraction quality and non-isomorphous unit-cell parameters. The best crystals diffract to 2.0 angstrom using synchrotron radiation, have unit-cell parameters a = 85.2, b = 117.0, c = 131.0 angstrom, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees and show P2(1)2(1)2(1) symmetry. There are two polypeptide chains in the asymmetric unit. Short-chain-specific acyl-CoA oxidase 4 crystals are trigonal, space group P3(1)21/P3(2)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 198.7, c = 149.6 angstroms. The crystals are most likely to contain six polypeptide chains in the asymmetric unit. Freshly prepared acyl-CoA oxidase 4 crystals diffract to 3.9 angstroms at cryogenic temperature at beamline I711, Max-Lab, but the diffraction quality degenerates after storage for only a few days in the crystallization drop. A selenomethionine-substituted form of the protein was produced and two-wavelength MAD data were collected at beamline BW7A, EMBL Outstation, Hamburg.
Specific short transmembrane sequences can inhibit transformation by the mutant neu growth factor receptor in vitro and in vivo. (1993)

The neu oncogene is activated by a point mutation within its transmembrane domain that results in the substitution of glutamic acid for valine at position 664, and is associated with constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase. It has been proposed that the mutation allows for stabilization of homodimers of the receptor that are necessary for transduction of the mitogenic signal. To investigate the role of the alpha-helical transmembrane sequence in the function of neu, we constructed an expression vector to produce a variety of short transmembrane neu proteins, lacking ligand binding or intracellular kinase domains. Such sequences should interact with full-length receptors and prevent receptor dimerization and thus act as specific inhibitors of function. These small proteins all included a pentapeptide from position 661-665, which has been proposed to be necessary for packing. We show that the short transmembrane molecules are expressed at the cell surface and can retard the growth of neu-transformed cells in monolayers, as colonies in soft agar and as tumours in animals. As predicted by molecular modelling, the magnitude of inhibition depended on the nature of the packing surface, suggesting that the neu transmembrane domain is directly involved in neu protein dimerization.
Frequent emergence of porin-deficient subpopulations with reduced carbapenem susceptibility in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli during exposure to ertapenem in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model (2013)

The combination of ESBL production and porin loss in E. coli can result in reduced susceptibility to ertapenem. Porin-deficient subpopulations frequently emerged in ESBL-producing E. coli during exposure to ertapenem at concentrations simulating human pharmacokinetics. Inappropriate use of ertapenem should be avoided to minimize the risk of selection of ESBL-producing bacteria with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems.
Schottky Barrier Silicon Nanowire SONOS Memory With Ultralow Programming and Erasing Voltages (2011)

A new Schottky barrier (SB) nonvolatile nanowire memory is reported experimentally with efficient low-voltage programming and erasing. By applying an SB source/drain to enhance the electrical field in the silicon gate-all-around nanowire, the nonvolatile silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory can operate at gate voltages of 5 to 7 V for programming and -7 to -9 V for erasing through Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The larger the gate voltage is, the faster the programming/erasing speed and the wider the threshold-voltage shift are attained. Importantly, the SB nanowire SONOS cells exhibit superior 100-K cycling endurance and high-temperature retention without any damages from metallic silicidation process or field-enhanced tunneling.
Interactive image-guided hepatic surgery (1999)

While laparoscopes are used for numerous minimally invasive procedures, minimally invasive liver resection and ablation occur infrequently. the paucity of cases is due to limited field of view and difficulty in determination of tumor location and margins under video guidance. By merging minimally invasive surgery with interactive, image-guided surgery, we hope to make laparoscopic liver procedures feasible. In previous work, we described methods for tracking an endoscope accurately in patient space and registration between endoscopic image space and physical space using the direct linear transformation (DLT). We have now developed a PC-based software system to display up to four 512 Χ 512 images indicating current surgical position using an active optical tracking system. We have used this system in several open liver cases and believe that a surface-based registration technique can be used to register physical space to tomographic space after liver mobilization. For preliminary phantom liver studies, our registration error is approximately 2.0mm. The surface-based registration technique will allow better localization of non-visible liver tumors, more accurate probe placement for ablation procedures, and more accurate margin determination for open surgical liver cases. The surface-based registration technique will allow better localization of non-visible liver tumors, more accurate probe placement for ablation procedures, and more accurate margin determination for open surgical liver cases. The surface-based/DLT registration methods, in combination with the video display and tracked endoscope, will hopefully make laparoscopic liver cryoablation and resection procedures feasible.
Hierarchical Self-Assembly of F-Actin and Cationic Lipid Complexes: Stacked Three-Layer Tubule Networks (2000)

We describe a distinct type of spontaneous hierarchical self-assembly of cytoskeletal filamentous actin (F-actin), a highly charged polyelectrolyte, and cationic lipid membranes. On the mesoscopic length scale, confocal microscopy reveals ribbonlike tubule structures that connect to form a network of tubules on the macroscopic scale (more than 100 micrometers). Within the tubules, on the 0.5- to 50-nanometer length scale, x-ray diffraction reveals an unusual structure consisting of osmotically swollen stacks of composite membranes with no direct analog in simple amphiphilic systems. The composite membrane is composed of three layers, a lipid bilayer sandwiched between two layers of actin, and is reminiscent of multilayered bacterial cell walls that exist far from equilibrium. Electron microscopy reveals that the actin layer consists of laterally locked F-actin filaments forming an anisotropic two-dimensional tethered crystal that appears to be the origin of the tubule formation.
Reaction of (Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane with Oxazolidin-5-ones:  Synthesis of Peptidic and Nonpeptidic Trifluoromethyl Ketones (1998)

(Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMS-CF3, the Ruppert Reagent) reacts with a variety of amino acid derived N-substituted oxazolidin-5-ones in excellent yields. Mild acid hydrolysis of adducts with electron-releasing substituents at C-2 affords N-substituted α-amino trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs). N-CBZ-protected α-amino TFMKs are converted into hitherto unreported hydrochloride salts of α-amino TFMKs by hydrogenolysis. Coupling with amino acid fluorides gives access to peptidic TFMKs which are of utility as protease inhibitors.
Design Criteria For In-Vivo Laser Angioplasty (1987)

Nanosecond pulsed lasers have two advantages compared to conventional C. W. lasers. First, they improve the precision of ablation and second, they minimize the thermal effects of laser action. These properties may allow for increased control of the laser beam and safer clinical application of laser angioplasty. Before clinical testing can begin two key problems must be resolved. First, the optimal combination of wavelength, energy density and power density for atheroma ablation must be defined. And second, since the nanosecond pulses of laser energy used generate enormous peak powers, they often destroy the fiberoptic waveguide used to transmit the energy.
100-megapixel computer-generated holographic images from Active Tiling: a dynamic and scalable electro-optic modulator system (2003)

Giga-pixel scale displays or spatial light modulators are required in order to form directly viewable 3-D images of 0.5m in size using the principles of computer generated holography (CGH). This has been a key bottleneck preventing commercial development of electro-holography. Active Tiling is a modular spatial light modulator system developed by the authors to provide a route to replay images from giga-pixel scale CGHs. This paper will present the latest development of a multi-channel Active Tiling unit and results from this system for the first time. A holographic 3D display system using a 4 channel Active Tiling modulator with a new replay optics system has demonstrated directly viewable 3-D images and animations from 100 Mega-pixel CGH data. This provided viewing of both horizontal parallax only (HPO) and full parallax 3-D images up to 140mm in size. 25 Mega-pixels of CGH data is written by each channel onto a liquid crystal optically addressed spatial light modulator at high resolution. The modular design of Active Tiling permits CGH data to be written seamlessly across multiple channels which can be updated at rates up to 30 Hz. A Fourier Transform optical replay system was developed and integrated with the 4-channel Active Tiling system to form the CGH images.
Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy.. Joint statement of the European Society for Paediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) Committee on Hypoallergenic Formulas and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition (1999)

For more than 50 years, many children with food protein allergies and other forms of dietary protein intolerance have been treated successfully with protein hydrolysates with highly reduced allergenicity and, more recently, also with products based on amino acid mixtures. Strategies for the prevention of allergy have been proposed, including the use of products with extensively reduced allergenicity. Products designed to have a moderately reduced allergenicity have also been proposed and marketed in Europe as hypoallergenic formulas. The European Society for Paediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) have commented previously on these issues,1 2 and the Commission of the European Union has issued a regulation for the requirements of infant formulas with reduced allergenicity or reduced antigenicity.3 

This paper comments on the current developments and unresolved issues in the dietary treatment and prevention of food allergy in infancy to help inform paediatricians and other health care professionals, as well as manufacturers of infant foods.

Adverse reactions to foods are a problem, particularly in infancy and early childhood, and can present with a wide spectrum of clinical reactions such as cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, or other symptoms. Reproducible adverse reactions to food(s) can be the result of one or more immune mechanism(s) or they can be non-immunologically mediated. Immunologically mediated reactions, which are often immediate IgE mediated reactions, are defined as food protein allergy. Non-immunologically mediated reactions can be divided into enzymatic or transport defects (for example, lactase deficiency, or glucose/galactose malabsorption), pharmacological or other (undefined) reactions.2 4 The pattern and threshold of adverse reactions to foods varies. None of the symptoms related to immunologically or non- immunologically mediated adverse reactions to foods are pathognomonic, and no single laboratory test is diagnostic of food allergy. Therefore, the diagnosis …