gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mini Hemoreliable Axial Flow LVAD With Magnetic Bearings (2002)

This paper gives the preliminary configuration of the flow geometry used to eliminate bearing thrombus by forced pressure wash-out of the bearing gaps. This left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is physiologically controllable without extraneous sensors based on the measurement of pump differential pressure using the magnetic bearings. Knowing the LVAD differential pressure allows safe cyclic variation of impeller rpm with feedback around differential pressure, which obtains desired pressure pulsatility. Flow pulsatility is known to be of major benefit for minimizing thrombus in both the pump and arteries. It also results in improved perfusion of many organs. The ability of a conventional virtual zero power feedback loop to axially control the bearing in a long-term drift free manor is also explained.
In-vitro activities of paromomycin and lasalocid evaluated in combination against Cryptosporidium parvum (1998)

Using a chemiluminescence immunoassay, paromomycin and lasalocid were shown to inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum growth in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The median effective concentrations (EC50s) for paromomycin and lasalocid were 1184 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L, respectively. Neither drug was cytotoxic to host cells at concentrations up to five times their EC50s. Drug combination studies were conducted and the resulting data were analysed by the median-effect principle and combination index method. Statistically significant synergy was observed when combinations of paromomycin and lasalocid were used at ratios of 5000:1 and 2500:1. A possible mechanism for synergy is discussed.
An iterative algorithm for asynchronous coded multiuser detection (1998)

A multiuser detection algorithm, applicable to asynchronous users having the same signaling waveform and power levels, is presented. Users are assumed to employ forward error correction coding but with different pseudorandom interleaving. The algorithm is derived from iterative techniques for cross-entropy minimization, similar to turbo decoding. Simulations show that the detector is limited by the theoretical channel capacity at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and asymptotically achieves single user performance at high SNR.
Pharmacogenetic Approach for a Better Drug Treatment in Children (2010)

The existing literature on the pharmacogenetics of ADHD suggests that response to MPH is influenced by several different polymorphisms, each one exerting a small effect. Genome-wide association studies and multi-center collaborative projects are likely to overcome the barriers for the development of the field, mainly if a priori conceptual hypothesis and rigorous methodological strategies are followed. Future investigations should evaluate, besides improvement of symptoms, emergence of clinically relevant side effects. The lessons we have learned from the progress of the pharmacogenetics of ADHD can be relevant for developing pharmacogenetic studies in other child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.
Decreased Nitroblue Tetrazolium Dye Reduction in the Phagocytes of Patients Receiving Prednisone (1970)

Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction by leukocytes of 21 patients receiving prednisone was significantly decreased. Nineteen percent of the patients had values similar to those found in children with chronic granulomatous disease, and 57% had heterozygous-range NBT dye reduction. A qualitative NBT dye reduction "slide test" correlated well with the quantitative assay. The uptake of particles by the phagocytes of steroid-treated patients appeared normal. The exact mechanism of corticosteroid action remains unknown. The decreased dye reduction observed in vitro suggests an induced defect of intracellular metabolism which may be related to known alterations of host defenses which occur in patients receiving these hormones.
Selective reduction of nitro‐heterocycles with sodium sulfide in aqueous <i>p</i>‐dioxane (1980)

Abstract Nitro‐heterocycles, particularly those containing halogen, were selectively reduced with sodium sulfide in aqueous p ‐dioxane to give the corresponding amino‐heterocycles in 70‐89% yields.
Determination and analysis of the complete genomic sequence of the Dengue type 4 virus B5 strain isolated in China (2001)

Specific primers were designed according to the sequence of the dengue type 4 virus 814669 strain. Specific gene fragments of D4-B5 strain were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pGEM-T vector. Positive clones were screened by PCR and determined by specific endonuclease digestion. The sequences of the inserted fragments were determined by PRISM~(TM) ABI 377 automated sequencer.
Inkjet printing of self-healing polymers for enhanced composite interlaminar properties (2014)

Carbon fibre composites containing discrete inkjet printed monomeric inclusions demonstrate improved interlaminar properties and recovery after damage.
The oil spill in ageing Bruch membrane (2011)

Ageing is the largest risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and soft drusen and basal linear deposits are lipid-rich extracellular lesions specific to AMD. Oil red O binding neutral lipid represents a major age-related deposition in the Bruch membrane (BrM) and the first identified druse component. Decades after these seminal observations, a natural history of neutral lipid deposition has been articulated and a biochemical model proposed. Results obtained with multiple biochemical, histochemical, and ultrastructural methods, and supported indirectly by epidemiology, suggest that the RPE secretes apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoprotein particles of unusual composition into BrM, where they accumulate with age eventually forming a lipid wall, a precursor of basal linear deposit. The authors propose that constituents of these lesions interact with reactive oxygen species to form pro-inflammatory peroxidised lipids that elicit neovascularisation. Here, the authors summarise key evidence supporting both accumulation of BrM lipoproteins leading to lesion formation and lipoprotein production by the RPE. The authors update their model with genetic associations between AMD and genes historically associated with plasma HDL metabolism, and suggest future directions for research and therapeutic strategies based on an oil-spill analogy.
Identification of Glucosyltransferase Genes Involved in Sinapate Metabolism and Lignin Synthesis in Arabidopsis (2001)

Sinapic acid is a major phenylpropanoid in Brassicaceae providing intermediates in two distinct metabolic pathways leading to sinapoyl esters and lignin synthesis. Glucosyltransferases play key roles in the formation of these intermediates, either through the production of the high energy compound 1-O-sinapoylglucose leading to sinapoylmalate and sinapoylcholine or through the production of sinapyl alcohol-4-O-glucoside, potentially leading to the syringyl units found in lignins. While the importance of these glucosyltransferases has been recognized for more than 20 years, their corresponding genes have not been identified. Combining sequence information in the Arabidopsis genomic data base with biochemical data from screening the activity of recombinant proteins in vitro, we have now identified five gene sequences encoding enzymes that can glucosylate sinapic acid, sinapyl alcohol, and their related phenylpropanoids. The data provide a foundation for future understanding and manipulation of sinapate metabolism and lignin biology in Arabidopsis.
Language identification of search engine queries (2009)

We consider the language identification problem for search engine queries. First, we propose a method to automatically generate a data set, which uses click-through logs of the Yahoo! Search Engine to derive the language of a query indirectly from the language of the documents clicked by the users. Next, we use this data set to train two decision tree classifiers; one that only uses linguistic features and is aimed for textual language identification, and one that additionally uses a non-linguistic feature, and is geared towards the identification of the language intended by the users of the search engine. Our results show that our method produces a highly reliable data set very efficiently, and our decision tree classifier outperforms some of the best methods that have been proposed for the task of written language identification on the domain of search engine queries.
Three-dimensional analysis of the vascular system in the rat spinal cord with scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Part 1: Normal spinal cord. (1993)

Vascular corrosion casts of polyester resin in the normal spinal cord at C4-C6 and C7-T1 were inspected three-dimensionally by scanning electron microscopy in 13 rats. Arteries and veins were easily differentiated by the impression pattern of endothelial nuclei on the casts. The centrifugal arterial system from the sulcal arteries supplied most of the gray and white matter in the ventral and lateral spinal cord. Each sulcal artery supplied only one side of the cord. The average number of sulcal arteries was 2.6 per mm. The centripetal arterial system from the posterior spinal arteries fed the posterior gray and white matter. In contrast with classical concepts, there was no pial arterial plexus on the ventral and ventrolateral surface except for infrequent transverse branches from the anterior spinal artery. In the posterior columns, two types of large veins were identified: the posterior medial septal veins and the posterior oblique veins that drained the posterior columns, medial posterior gray matter, and posterior gray commissure. The remainder of the gray and white matter was drained by the sulcal veins and the radial veins. This method clearly demonstrates the three-dimensional structure of both the arterial and venous system in the rat spinal cord.
Serum ceruloplasmin protein expression and activity increases in iron-deficient rats and is further enhanced by higher dietary copper intake (2011)

Increases in serum and liver copper content are noted during iron deficiency in mammals, suggesting that copper-dependent processes participate during iron deprivation. One point of intersection between the 2 metals is the liver-derived, multicopper ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp) that is important for iron release from certain tissues. The current study sought to explore Cp expression and activity during physiologic states in which hepatic copper loading occurs (eg, iron deficiency). Weanling rats were fed control or low iron diets containing low, normal, or high copper for ∼ 5 weeks, and parameters of iron homeostasis were measured. Liver copper increased in control and iron-deficient rats fed extra copper. Hepatic Cp mRNA levels did not change; however, serum Cp protein was higher during iron deprivation and with higher copper consumption. In-gel and spectrophotometric ferroxidase and amine oxidase assays demonstrated that Cp activity was enhanced when hepatic copper loading occurred. Interestingly, liver copper levels strongly correlated with Cp protein expression and activity. These observations support the possibility that liver copper loading increases metallation of the Cp protein, leading to increased production of the holo enzyme. Moreover, this phenomenon may play an important role in the compensatory response to maintain iron homeostasis during iron deficiency.
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (2015)

NOACs such as DTIs and factor Xa inhibitors may be an effective and safe alternative to conventional anticoagulation treatment for acute DVT.
Characterization and Heterologous Expression of the Oxalyl Coenzyme A Decarboxylase Gene from <i>Bifidobacterium lactis</i> (2004)

Oxalyl coenzyme A (CoA) decarboxylase (Oxc) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of the highly toxic compound oxalate, catalyzing the decarboxylation of oxalyl-CoA to formyl-CoA. The gene encoding a novel oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase from Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 10140 (oxc) was identified and characterized. This strain, isolated from yogurt, showed the highest oxalate-degrading activity in a preliminary screening with 12 strains belonging to Bifidobacterium, an anaerobic intestinal bacterial group largely used in probiotic products. The oxc gene was isolated by probing a B. lactis genomic library with a probe obtained by amplification of the oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase gene from Oxalobacter formigenes, an anaerobic bacterium of the human intestinal microflora. The oxc DNA sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,773 bp encoding a deduced 590-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of about 63 kDa. Analysis of amino acid sequence showed a significant homology (47%) with oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase of O. formigenes and a typical thiamine pyrophosphate-binding site that has been reported for several decarboxylase enzymes. Primer extension experiments with oxc performed by using RNA isolated from B. lactis identified the transcriptional start site 28 bp upstream of the ATG start codon, immediately adjacent to a presumed promoter region. The protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli cross-reacted with an anti-O. formigenes oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase antibody. Enzymatic activity, when evaluated by capillary electrophoresis analysis, demonstrated that the consumption substrate oxalyl-CoA was regulated by a product inhibition of the enzyme. These findings suggest a potential role for Bifidobacterium in the intestinal degradation of oxalate.
Facile analysis of metabolites by capillary electrophoresis coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using target plates with polysilazane nanocoating and grooves (2009)

We present an inexpensive method and apparatus for the deposition of analytes separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) onto a custom-designed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) target plate. This dedicated CE-MALDI plate is coated with an omniphobic polysilazane nanocoating and has an array of parallel grooves acting as recipients of the separation effluent. The 3-D pattern in the top layer of the coated plate greatly improves loading of the matrix solution prior to separation and facilitates deposition of the separated species. We demonstrate application of this straightforward protocol to the analysis of metabolites from the central metabolic pathway in a complex biological sample spiked with small molecule standards.
Preparation and Characterization of Electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>Composite Coatings (1999)

SUMMARYThe present work pertains to the study of electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Si3N4 composite coatings. The deposits are obtained from a proprietary high phosphorus electroless nickel plating bath, comprising nickel sulphate, sodium hypophosphite, complexing agents and stabilizers. The maximum weight percent of Si3N4 incorporated in the electroless deposit is obtained at a concentration of 10 g/l in the bath. The electroless Ni-P deposits having 0%, 2.01%, 5.81% and 8.10% of Si3N4, respectively, obtained from baths containing 0, 2, 5 and 10 g/l of Si3N4, are characterized by optical microscopy, XRD and TEM. Hardness is found to increase with the incorporation of Si3N4 at all heat treatment temperatures studied. Also hardness increases with an increase in weight percent of Si3N4 incorporated in the deposit. The analyses of the composite coatings by XRD and TEM reveal that the inclusion of Si3N4 particles does not change the amorphous nature of the Ni-P matrix.
Successful treatment of renal cell carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node metastasis by interleukin-2: a case report. (2005)

A 57-year-old woman presented to our hospital with macrohematuria. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the left kidney with bilateral pulmonary and mediastinal lymph node metastases was diagnosed. Radical nephrectomy was performed. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of RCC (pT2pN0M1), so immunotherapy was performed using interleukin-2 (IL-2). The mediastinal lymph node metastases disappeared completely after 5 months of immunotherapy. Investigation of immunological parameters showed an increase of CD8-positive T cells (CD8) and a decrease of CD14-positive cells (CD14), leading to a marked increase of the CD8/CD14 ratio. Although her pulmonary metastases are unchanged, the mediastinal metastases still show complete remission at 14 months postoperatively. The CD8/CD14 ratio may have potential as a new marker for monitoring the response of RCC to immunotherapy and selecting suitable patients for such therapy.
Fractionally spaced linear and decision-feedback detectors for transmultiplexers (1998)

We investigate improved detectors for transmultiplexer-based high bit rate transmission over dispersive channels like telephone wires. The transmitter is based on a synthesis stage. For the receiver, we design fractionally spaced single-input/multiple-output linear detectors, possibly upgraded with a multiple-input/multiple-output decision-feedback section, for an MMSE criterion. The performance of the system is investigated for filter banks, classical DMT, and different channels. The potential of these detectors is demonstrated,.
Cyclooxygenase Expression in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells Exposed to Cyclic Strain (1998)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cyclic strain on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and 2 expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC). EC, subjected to 10% average strain at 60 cycle/min, were analyzed for induction of COX by Northern blot analysis and confirmed by analysis of promoter activity in transient transfection experiments. Exposure of EC to cyclic strain induced promoter activity and expression of COX-2 but not of COX-1. The extent of induction, however, was lower than that seen with stimulation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results demonstrate that, unlike shear stress, cyclic strain does not affect COX-1 expression and is a weak inducer of COX-2 promoter activity in bovine aortic EC with minimal effect on mRNA expression.
AWARDS OF ATTORNEYS' FEES AGAINST THE UNITED STATES: THE SOVEREIGN IS STILL SOMEWHAT IMMUNE (1979)

Alyeska Pipeline Servtce Co. v. Wilderness Soctety 1 the United States Supreme Court wrote: In the United States, the prevailing litIgant IS ordinarily not entitled to collect a reasonable attorneys fee from the loser2 ThIS IS known as the Amencan Rule and denves from the common law It has, however, numer ous statutory exceptIons; some, if not most, of whICh Congress en­ acted to encourage pnvate litIgatIon to Implement public policy 3 It also has two major common law exceptIons, the common benefit doctrme and the bad faith doctnne, whICh denve from the histonc authority of federal courts to do equity m partIcular situatIons. 4 Apart from the Amencan rule, awards of attorneys fees agamst the United States traditIonally were barred at common law under the sovereIgn Immunity doctnne. The sovereIgn Immunity doctnne not only protects the government m suits agamst it, but also pre­ cludes a party from obtammg court fees when he wms a Judgment agamst the government. 5 ThIS artICle will exam me Congress adop­ tIon of the sovereIgn Immunity doctnne to bar fee awards agamst the United States. It will examme the availability of the common law exceptIons to the Amencan rule m suits agaInst the United States and, m the appendix, it will present the statutory exceptIons Congress has created to allow fee awards m such suits. Finally it will discuss the WIsdom of contInumg to bar awards of attorneys fees agaInst the United States.
Direct In Situ Viability Assessment of Bacteria in Probiotic Dairy Products Using Viability Staining in Conjunction with Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (2001)

The viability of the human probiotic strains Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 and Bifidobacterium sp. strain UCC 35612 in reconstituted skim milk was assessed by confocal scanning laser microscopy using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain. The technique was rapid (<30 min) and clearly differentiated live from heat-killed bacteria. The microscopic enumeration of various proportions of viable to heat-killed bacteria was then compared with conventional plating on nutrient agar. Direct microscopic enumeration of bacteria indicated that plate counting led to an underestimation of bacterial numbers, which was most likely related to clumping. Similarly, LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining yielded bacterial counts that were higher than cell numbers obtained by plate counting (CFU) in milk and fermented milk. These results indicate the value of the microscopic approach for rapid viability testing of such probiotic products. In contrast, the numbers obtained by direct microscopic counting for Cheddar cheese and spray-dried probiotic milk powder were lower than those obtained by plate counting. These results highlight the limitations of LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining and the need to optimize the technique for different strain-product combinations. The minimum detection limit for in situ viability staining in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy enumeration was approximately 10(8) bacteria/ml (equivalent to approximately 10(7) CFU/ml), based on Bifidobacterium sp. strain UCC 35612 counts in maximum-recovery diluent.
Cellular Transformation by Human Papillomavirus DNA in Vitro (1984)

Molecularly cloned DNA's of human papillomaviruses HPV-5 and HPV-l induced morphological transformation of mouse C127 cells in culture. Single-cell clones of cells transformed by papillomavirus contained multiple persistent episomal copies of the transfected DNA species and were analyzed for growth characteristics indicating malignant potential.
Subsurface Hydrogen Diffusion into Pd Nanoparticles: Role of Low-Coordinated Surface Sites and Facilitation by Carbon (2012)

Hydrogen species absorbed in the volume of Pd nanoparticles play a crucial role in the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Recent evidence suggests that the rate of diffusion of hydrogen from the surface of Pd nanoparticles to the subsurface region critically affects the hydrogenation rate, as this rate dictates whether or not the nanoparticles can maintain a sufficient concentration of subsurface hydrogen species under operating conditions. Recent theoretical calculations predicted pronounced facilitation of subsurface hydrogen diffusion by coadsorbed carbon and identified the conceptual importance of atomically flexible low-coordinated surface sites on small metal clusters for the diffusion process. In this study, we experimentally probe the kinetics of hydrogen diffusion into the subsurface by performing pulsed molecular beam experiments on carbon-free and carbon-containing Pd nanoparticles and on Pd(111). We provide experimental proof that low-coordinated surface sites on Pd particles play a crucial role in the diffusion process and that their selective modification with carbon results in marked facilitation of subsurface hydrogen diffusion, in line with the theoretical predictions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Amorphous Si <sub>2</sub> N <sub>2</sub> O (1994)

Amorphous silicon oxynitride powder was synthesized by nitridation of high‐purity silica in ammonia at 1120°C. The resulting material was X‐ray amorphous, and its chemical characteristics were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The XPS analysis showed a shift to lower binding energies for the Si 2 p peak with increasing nitrogen content. Upon initial nitridation, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Si 2 p peak increased, but decreased again at higher nitrogen contents, thus showing the formation of a silicon oxynitride phase with a single or small range of composition. The 29 Si NMR analysis showed the formation of (amorphous) Si 3 N 4 (Si–N 4 ) and possibly two oxynitride phases (Si–N 3 O, Si–N 2 O 2 ). It is concluded that while XPS, FT‐IR, and nitrogen analysis may show the formation of an homogeneous, amorphous silicon oxynitride (Si 2 N 2 O) phase, the formation of phase–pure, amorphous Si 2 N 2 O is extremely difficult via this route.