gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Link Adaptive Power control Scheme for Wideband CDMA System (2006)

The goal for the next generation of mobile communication systems is to seamlessly integrate a wide variety of communication services in addition to voice. MAI (multiple access interference) is one of the important performance-limiting factors in a WCDMA system. In addition to this, the unreliable radio links further complicates this issue. Consequently, it is highly challenging to ensure guaranteed quality of service (QoS) requirements for the multi-service users. The unreliability of transmission medium is mainly due to time varying long term and short-term fading. Evidently, in order to combat adverse propagation conditions and interference, mobile radios can adapt various transmission controls like transmission power, source/channel codes, etc to meet the desired performance requirements. In this work, a link adaptive mechanism for WCDMA systems is proposed and analyzed. The proposed algorithm provides better system performance in terms of convergence time and power consumption than existing power control algorithms.
Two-Photon Luminescence Imaging of Cancer Cells Using Molecularly Targeted Gold Nanorods (2007)

We demonstrate the use of gold nanorods as bright contrast agents for two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging of cancer cells in a three-dimensional tissue phantom down to 75 mum deep. The TPL intensity from gold-nanorod-labeled cancer cells is 3 orders of magnitude brighter than the two-photon autofluorescence (TPAF) emission intensity from unlabeled cancer cells at 760 nm excitation light. Their strong signal, resistance to photobleaching, chemical stability, ease of synthesis, simplicity of conjugation chemistry, and biocompatibility make gold nanorods an attractive contrast agent for two-photon imaging of epithelial cancer.
An Augmented-Reality Edge Enhancement Application for Google Glass (2014)

Improvements were measured with simulated visual impairments. With the benefit of see-through augmented reality edge enhancement, natural visual scanning process is possible and suggests that the device may provide better visual function in a cosmetically and ergonomically attractive format for patients with macular degeneration.
Clinical Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Safety of Naproxen (2016)

The voluntary withdrawal of Vioxx (rofecoxib) from the market in 2004, as well as the 2005 and 2014 US FDA Advisory Committee meetings about non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cardiovascular risk, have raised questions surrounding the use of NSAIDs in at-risk populations. This paper discusses the cardiovascular safety profile of naproxen in the context of the NSAID class. The balance of evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk correlates with cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selectivity, and the low COX-2 selectivity of naproxen results in a lower cardiovascular risk than that of other NSAIDs. The over-the-counter (OTC) use of naproxen is expected to pose minimal cardiovascular risk; however, the benefit-risk ratio and appropriate use should be considered at an individual patient level, particularly to assess underlying conditions that may increase the risk of events. Likewise, regulatory authorities should revisit label information periodically to ensure labeling reflects the current understanding of benefits and risks.
The differential expression of 16 NMDA and non-NMDA receptor subunits in the rat spinal cord and in periaqueductal gray (1993)

Diverse arrays of glutamate-gated channels in the spinal cord and associated pathways are partly responsible for sensory input, for altered sensitivity to peripheral stimuli during inflammation, and for generation of motor patterns. The expression of 16 genes, encoding all known subunits for the NMDA receptor (NR1, NR2A to NR2D), AMPA/low-affinity kainate (GluR-A to -D), high-affinity kainate ionotropic receptors (KA-1, -2, GluR-5 to -7) and two orphan receptor subunits (delta-1 and -2) was examined by in situ hybridization in rat lumbar spinal cord, and in the periaqueductal gray. Subunit mRNAs for GluR-A, -B Flip, KA-2, and NR1 were abundant in the dorsal horn, with NR2D lightly expressed. Occasional cells in lamina II contained NR2C mRNA. While the GluR-A gene was preferentially expressed in laminae I and II-outer, GluR-B mRNA was evenly expressed throughout all superficial laminae (I, II-outer, II-inner, and III). Large neurons in laminae IV and V expressed mainly NR1, GluR-C, and to lesser extents the GluR-B, GluR-D, and NR2D genes. Lamina I contained occasional cells expressing the GluR-5 gene, whereas GluR-7 mRNA was present in scattered cells in all superficial laminae. In motor neurons, GluR-B Flip, -C Flip, -D Flip, and NR1 mRNAs were expressed heavily, and those of NR2D and KA-1 weakly. Possibly connected to the RNA editing mechanism, GluR-B was the only subunit whose RNA was concentrated in motor neuron cell nuclei in addition to the cytoplasm. delta-1 and -2 mRNAs were found at low levels throughout the gray matter. NR2A, NR2B, and GluR-6 mRNAs were undetectable. For the periaqueductal gray, prominent mRNAs were GluR-A, -B, and NR1. An en passant observation concerned high levels of NR2C mRNA in the pineal gland.
Inhibitory effect of platelet factor 4 (PF4) on the growth of human erythroleukemia cells: proposed mechanism of action of PF4. (1992)

The effect of platelet factor 4 (PF4) on the growth of human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL) and the binding characteristics of iodine 125-labeled PF4 to cells were studied to determine the mechanism of action of PF4. HEL cells were cocultured with various doses of PF4 in either a plasma clot system for colony assay or a liquid system for tritiated thymidine incorporation. A significant inhibition of HEL colony growth and tritiated thymidine incorporation was seen at PF4 doses of 1 microgram/ml and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. The inhibitory effect of PF4 could be abrogated by the addition of heparin (5 to 10 micrograms/ml). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that PF4 had no obvious effect on the expression of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa of HEL cells. Binding of 125I-PF4 to HEL cells reached equilibrium within 20 to 30 minutes with dissociation constant of 1.3 x 10(-10)M and Bmax of 6.3 pmol/10(5) cells and was inhibited by an excess of unlabeled PF4, beta TG, and heparin but was not affected by PMA, IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF, and interferon-alpha. PF4 did not affect the binding of 125I-IL-3 and 125I-IL-6 to HEL cells. These data demonstrate that PF4 inhibits the growth of HEL cells by specific binding to HEL cells and suggest that the action of PF4 may be associated with the heparin-binding sites of the molecule.
A location-aware information browser implemented on BREW-based mobile phones (2008)

We present a method to implement a location-aware information browser on mobile phones. Our location-aware information browser is designed to look for nearby hidden points of interests in mobile computing environments. The method we developed provides two benefits: The first benefit is to improve the performance of transforming and rendering a map by combining filtering techniques of a spatial database and fixed-point arithmetic techniques. Our method is designed to deal with two kinds of minimum bounding rectangles to apply such conventional effective processing techniques of a spatial database to our browser. The second benefit is to handle large or long map elements in BREW-based computing environments by clipping techniques of computer graphics. We clarified the feasibility and effectiveness of our method by several experiments.
Olfactory Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: An Investigation Using Psychophysical and Electrophysiological Techniques (2003)

The electrophysiological results confirm prior findings of olfactory dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease and preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Investigations of larger study groups with detailed cognitive examination and postmortem diagnosis may resolve the intriguing possibility of early diagnosis and discrimination of Alzheimer's disease subtypes through chemosensory event-related potentials in addition to existing biomarkers.
Calculated risk: a framework for evaluating product development (2003)

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Rett syndrome: a surprising result of mutation in MECP2 (2000)

The identification of mutations in the gene encoding methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in Rett syndrome represents a major advance in the field. The current model predicts that MeCP2 represses transcription by binding methylated CpG residues and mediating chromatin remodeling. A physical interaction between MeCP2, histone deacetylases and the transcriptional co-repressor Sin3A has been demonstrated, as well as an association of MeCP2 with the basal transcription apparatus. It is unclear, however, whether MeCP2-mediated chromatin remodeling is necessary for transcriptional repression in vivo. Eight recurrent missense and nonsense mutations account for >65% of the mutations identified in Rett syndrome probands, and as predicted from the sporadic nature of the disorder, most mutations are de novo. The severity of the phenotype is likely to reflect the pattern of X chromosome inactivation in relevant tissues, although the type and position of the mutation may also play a role. Although much is known about the biochemical function of MeCP2, the phenotype of Rett syndrome suggests that it plays an unexplored but critical role in development and maintenance of the nervous system.
Entropy-constrained vector quantization (1989)

An iterative descent algorithm based on a Lagrangian formulation for designing vector quantizers having minimum distortion subject to an entropy constraint is discussed. These entropy-constrained vector quantizers (ECVQs) can be used in tandem with variable-rate noiseless coding systems to provide locally optimal variable-rate block source coding with respect to a fidelity criterion. Experiments on sampled speech and on synthetic sources with memory indicate that for waveform coding at low rates (about 1 bit/sample) under the squared error distortion measure, about 1.6 dB improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio can be expected over the best scalar and lattice quantizers when block entropy-coded with block length 4. Even greater gains are made over other forms of entropy-coded vector quantizers. For pattern recognition, it is shown that the ECVQ algorithm is a generalization of the k-means and related algorithms for estimating cluster means, in that the ECVQ algorithm estimates the prior cluster probabilities as well. Experiments on multivariate Gaussian distributions show that for clustering problems involving classes with widely different priors, the ECVQ outperforms the k-means algorithm in both likelihood and probability of error.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dmd of bacteriophage T4 functions as an antitoxin against <i>Escherichia coli</i> LsoA and RnlA toxins (2012)

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 harbours a cryptic plasmid, pOSAK1, that carries only three ORFs: mobA (involved in plasmid mobilization), ORF1 and ORF2. Predicted proteins encoded by these two ORFs were found to share a weak homology with RnlA and RnlB, respectively, a toxin–antitoxin system encoded on the E. coli K-12 chromosome. Here, we report that lsoA (ORF1) encodes a toxin and lsoB (ORF2) an antitoxin. In spite of the homologies, RnlB and LsoB functioned as antitoxins against only their cognate toxins and not interchangeably with each other. Interestingly, T4 phage Dmd suppressed the toxicities of both RnlA and LsoA by direct interaction, the first example of a phage with an antitoxin against multiple toxins.
Dielectric analysis of a crosslinking epoxy resin at a high microwave frequency (2004)

Abstract The dielectric properties of a curing epoxy/amine system have been studied from 25 to 120 °C at 2.45 GHz. The epoxy resins at different extents of curing exhibit a γ relaxation, which can be described by the Arrhenius rate law. The relaxation is attributed to the motions of the dipolar groups associated with the crosslinking system. A simple model is proposed to represent the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties. A complete description of the evolution of the parameters during the polymerization has been obtained. The nature of the information yielded by dielectrometry on the dynamics of the system is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2871–2877, 2004
The Optical Constants of Sodium (1937)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Herbert E. Ives and H. B. Briggs, "The Optical Constants of Sodium," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 27, 181-185 (1937) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
CD34+ Testicular Stromal Cells Support Long-Term Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Stem and Progenitor Cells (2008)

Stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments created by supporting stromal cells that orchestrate self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. However, the precise identity of the cellular and molecular pathways that support self-renewal of stem cells is not known. For example, long-term culture of prototypical stem cells, such as adult spermatogonial stem and progenitor cells (SPCs), in vitro has been impeded by the lack of an optimal stromal cell line that initiates and sustains proliferation of these cells. Indeed, current methods, including the use of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), have not been efficient and have generally led to inconsistent results. Here, we report the establishment of a novel CD34-positive cell line, referred to as JK1, derived from mouse testicular stromal cells that not only facilitated long-term SPC culture but also allowed faithful generation of SPCs and multipotent stem cells. SPCs generated on JK1 maintained key features of germ line stem cells, including expression of PLZF, DAZL, and GCNA. Furthermore, these feeders also promoted the long-term cultivation of other types of primitive cells including multipotent adult spermatogonial-derived stem cells, pluripotent murine embryonic stem cells, and embryonic germ cells derived from primordial germ cells. Stem cells could be passaged serially and still maintained expression of characteristic markers such as OCT4 and NANOG in vitro, as well as the ability to generate all three germ layers in vivo. These results indicate that the JK1 cell line is capable of promoting long-term culture of primitive cells. As such, this cell line allows for identification of stromal-derived factors that support long-term proliferation of various types of stem cells and constitutes a convenient alternative to other types of feeder layers. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Antigen-specific down-regulation of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells during spontaneous recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: further evidence of apoptotic deletion of autoreactive T cells in the central nervous system (1995)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in Lewis rats by the i.v. injection of 10(7) cloned V beta 8.2+ T cells specific for the 72-89 peptide of guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP). Some animals were injected simultaneously with 10(7) cloned T cells specific for ovalbumin (OVA). Lymphocytes were isolated from the spinal cord and from the peripheral lymphoid organs of these rats and the frequencies of MBP-peptide-specific or OVA-specific proliferating cells were estimated by limiting dilution analysis at different times after cell transfer. The frequencies of cells specific for MBP72-89 or OVA in the spinal cord were highest 5 days after cell transfer (MBP72-89, 1 in 1149; OVA, 1 in 1116). On day 7, when the rats were recovering, the frequency of cells specific for MBP72-89 in the spinal cord fell dramatically to < 1 in 10(5), while that of OVA-specific cells decreased to a much lesser extent (1 in 7001). The frequencies of MBP72-89-specific cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs during and after recovery were also much lower than those of OVA-specific cells. A similar pattern of down-regulation of the MBP-peptide-specific, but not the OVA-specific, T cell response was observed in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of rats 38 days after the active induction of EAE by immunization with equal amounts of MBP and OVA in adjuvants. In the passively transferred model, cells isolated from the spinal cord and MLN on day 7 did not regain responsiveness to MBP72-89 after incubation with high levels of IL-2, indicating that the unresponsiveness was not due to T cell anergy. Thus this study demonstrates that there is a specific down-regulation of the MBP72-89-specific T cell response during spontaneous recovery from EAE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell‐mediated HER‐2/neu‐specific tumor rejection in the absence of B cells (2003)

HER-2/neu (HER-2) is a cell surface proto-oncogene that is often overexpressed in carcinomas. Passive administration of anti-HER-2 antibodies in breast cancer patients has achieved promising results, but less is known about the role of antibodies in active immunization. We asked whether B cells/antibodies are needed for tumor immunity induced by plasmid (HER-2 and GM-CSF) immunization. HER-2 specific tumor immunity relied completely on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. IFN-gamma, and to a lesser extent IL-4, seemed to be crucial cytokines during tumor rejection. Protection was associated with production of anti-HER-2 IgG antibodies in B cell competent mice. After immunization, however, B cell-deficient mice rejected HER-2-expressing tumors as efficiently as control littermates. We conclude that T cells are the main effector cells in DNA vaccine induced immunity against HER-2 and that anti HER-2 antibodies are not necessary to elicit a protective anti tumor immune response in this model.
Record high saturation output power (+20 dBm) and low NF (6.0 dB) polarisation-insensitive MQW-SOA module (2006)

A polarisation-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier module with a thin tensile-strained multiple quantum well active layer is developed. The module exhibited a record high saturation output power of +20.0 dBm and a low noise figure of 6.0 dB at 1550 nm together with a small polarisation-dependent gain of 0.6 dB.
The use of X-ray CT for attenuation correction of PET data (2002)

This paper presents the results of evaluating the use of X-ray CT data for attenuation correction of PET data. This method of attenuation correction is intended for use with a combined volume-imaging PET/CT scanner for oncology, particularly of the thorax and abdomen. We discuss four possible methods of scaling the attenuation map from the CT energies of 70-100 keV to the required PET attenuation map at 511 keV. Results are presented on the testing of two of these methods (scaling and segmentation methods) with data acquired from separate PET and CT scans of a phantom with regions of different densities. We show that these two methods provide accurate results for the reconstructed PET emission scan. We also propose a hybrid scaling/segmentation method that is expected to work well in practice, based on the demonstrated results for the scaling and segmentation methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wood‐Based Composites and Laminates (2011)

Abstract Wood is one of the oldest construction materials and extremely valuable today. It is important more than ever to manage forests as sustainable and renewable resources. In the conversion of timber to lumber, only about one‐half of the log becomes lumber. The rest becomes waste in the form of bark, slabs ,edgings. shavings. etc. These residues remained largely unused until recently. Today virtually the entire wood stem is converted to wood products. Recycling has also added to the yield. Currently these wastes and residues are used to create useful composite materials which have become an important segment of the entire system. The composites can be used in a myriad products, such as flooring, roofing, construction panels, furniture, etc. The conventional wood‐based composites are plywood, oriented strandboard, fiberboard, and particleboard. Their manufacture and uses are detailed. Glulam timber and structural composite lumber are included in the discussion. Natural and synthetic adhesives are a major part of laminate production. An important consideration in the production of wood laminates is the emission of formaldehyde from manufactured products. Green building certifications also address the formaldehyde issue. The new U.S. law on standards for formaldehyde emissions will play a role in world markets.
In situ control of Si(100) and Ge(100) surface preparation for the heteroepitaxy of III-V solar cell architectures (2012)

Si(100) and Ge(100) substrates essential for subsequent III-V integration were studied in the hydrogen ambient of a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy reactor. Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) enabled us to distinguish characteristic configurations of vicinal Si(100) in situ: covered with oxide, cleaned by thermal removing in H2, and terminated with monohydrides when cooling in H2 ambient. RAS measurements during cooling in H2 ambient after the oxide removal process revealed a transition from the clean to the monohydride terminated Si(100) surface dependent on process temperature. For vicinal Ge(100) we observed a characteristic RA spectrum after annealing and cooling in H2 ambient. According to results from X-ray photo electron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy the spectrum corresponds to the monohydride terminated Ge(100) surface.
Cancer stem cell plasticity and tumor hierarchy (2015)

The origins of the complex process of intratumoral heterogeneity have been highly debated and different cellular mechanisms have been hypothesized to account for the diversity within a tumor. The clonal evolution and cancer stem cell (CSC) models have been proposed as drivers of this heterogeneity. However, the concept of cancer stem cell plasticity and bidirectional conversion between stem and non-stem cells has added additional complexity to these highly studied paradigms and may help explain the tumor heterogeneity observed in solid tumors. The process of cancer stem cell plasticity in which cancer cells harbor the dynamic ability of shifting from a non-CSC state to a CSC state and vice versa may be modulated by specific microenvironmental signals and cellular interactions arising in the tumor niche. In addition to promoting CSC plasticity, these interactions may contribute to the cellular transformation of tumor cells and affect response to chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments by providing CSCs protection from these agents. Herein, we review the literature in support of this dynamic CSC state, discuss the effectors of plasticity, and examine their role in the development and treatment of cancer.