gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of feeding fat to dairy cows receiving a fat-deficient basal diet: I. Milk yield and composition (1976)

The effects of supplementing a basal diet, in which the low level of fatty acids limited milk production, with soya oil, a palm oil/palmitic acid mixture and tallow, on the yield of milk and of its constituents, and on the composition of the milk, are reported. The yields of milk and milk fat were greatly increased by all the oil-supplemented diets; the mean daily yield of solids-not-fat (SNF) was also increased, but supplementation with soya oil caused the yield of crude protein (CP) to decrease, whereas the other fat-rich concentrate mixtures gave the same mean yield of protein as did the low-fat, control diet. All 3 oil-supplemented diets lowered the proportion of CP in the milk, but the SNF content was unchanged by any treatment. Dietary soya oil tended to lower the proportion of fat in the milk, whilst the palm oil/palmitic acid mixture raised it, with the tallow exerting no effect. The results are discussed in relation to previous work in which these dietary oils have been used, but in which the intake of fatty acids from the control diets did not limit milk production to the extent reported here.
Peptoids for biomaterials science (2014)

Poly(N-substituted glycine) "peptoids" have conventionally been exploited for drug discovery and therapeutics due to their structural similarity to peptides, protease resistance, and relative ease of synthesis. This mini-review highlights recent reports of peptoid self-assembled nanostructures and macromolecular interfaces relevant to biomaterials science. The results illustrate how the versatility of peptoid design and synthesis could be exploited to generate multifunctional, modular and precisely tunable biointerfaces and biomaterials.
Waveform estimation from noisy signals with variable signal delay using bispectrum averaging (1993)

A technique based on bispectrum averaging is described for generally recovering the signal waveform from a set of noisy signals with variable signal delay. The technique does not require explicit time alignment of signals and any initial estimate of signal. The technique, however, does not yield estimates of the signal position. A comparison is made of two algorithms for recovering the Fourier amplitude and the Fourier phase from an averaged bispectrum. These algorithms are the recursive method and the least squares method. The methods are numerically investigated using computer generated-data and a physiological signal and noise. The advantages and disadvantages of these different algorithms are discussed. Some experimental results for the evoked potential studies that demonstrate the technique are given. The results show the effectiveness of the technique: various potential applications of the technique might be expected.
<i>N</i> -Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Associated with Lumbosciatica (2012)

The addition of PEA to standard treatment shows an improvement in pain relief in patients with neuropathic pain due to lumbosciatica. PEA was well tolerated. Future investigations of the role of PEA in the treatment of neuropathic pain might help to define novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this kind of neuropathic pain.
Ueber eine bequeme Darstellungsweise von α‐Brompropionsäureester (1887)

von a-Brompropions~ureester.(Eingegangen am 27.Juni; mitgotheilt in der Sitzung von Hrn A. Pinner.
Positive resist image by dry etching: New dry developed positive working system for electron beam and deep ultraviolet lithography (1989)

A new dry developed high resolution positive working system: positive resist image by dry etching PRIME for e-beam and deep UV lithography is proposed. This system is derived from photolithographic diffusion enhanced silylating resist diffusion enhanced silylating resist (DESIRE) process. In this report, we present the advantages of a top imaging scheme for e-beam lithography: forward scattering and proximity effects are considerably minimized. Due to very high contrast (about 6), resolution limits were pushed down to 75 nm lines and spaces in 0.35 μm thick resist; holes of 0.2 μm in 1.2 μm thick resist were obtained. Under deep UV exposure, 0.2 μm lines and spaces in 0.7 μm thick resist were resolved with a mask aligner.
Determination of Circular Dichroism and Ultraviolet Spectral Parameters of Norgestimate- and Other Delta4-3-Ketosteroid Oxime Isomers Via Normal Phase HPLC Method (2001)

The oxime formation reaction of therapeutical progestogen (levonorgestrel, levonorgestrel acetate, norethisterone), androgen (methyltestosterone, testosterone phenylpropionate) and anabolic (nortestosterone phenylpropionate) Delta(4)-3-ketosteroids has been investigated. The ketosteroid-hydroxylamine reaction was monitored by reversed phase HPLC system. It was established, that under the experimental conditions applied the oxime formation was complete within 2 h. The reaction leads to the formation of Z and E oxime isomers. The isomers of norgestimate (levonorgestrel 17-acetate oxime) and other Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid oximes have been separated by a new normal phase HPLC method. The identification (elution order assignation) and determination of the formation ratio of the isomers have been performed by 1H NMR spectroscopy on the basis of the chemical shift differences of 4-H signals. The on-line CD and UV spectra of the pure oxime isomers were recorded and then molar ellipticities and absorbances of the isomers were calculated in the wavelength range of 200-300 nm via parameter estimation method.
Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF‐<i>κ</i>B activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX‐2, and PGE<sub>2</sub><i>in vitro</i> or in mouse skin (2005)

Ethyl caffeate, a natural phenolic compound, was isolated from Bidens pilosa, a medicinal plant popularly used for treating certain inflammatory syndromes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural activity, and the anti-inflammatory functions and mechanism(s) of ethyl caffeate. Ethyl caffeate was found to markedly suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production (IC(50) = 5.5 microg ml(-1)), mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Transient gene expression assays using human cox-2 promoter construct revealed that ethyl caffeate exerted an inhibitory effect on cox-2 transcriptional activity in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated MCF-7 cells. Immunohistochemical studies of mouse skin demonstrated that TPA-induced COX-2 expression was significantly inhibited by ethyl caffeate with a superior effect to that of celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) and the translocation of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) into the nucleus, as well as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) induced by LPS in macrophages, were not affected by ethyl caffeate. Ethyl caffeate, however, could inhibit NF-kappaB activation by impairing the binding of NF-kappaB to its cis-acting element. These results suggest that ethyl caffeate suppresses iNOS and COX-2 expressions partly through the inhibition of the NF-kappaB.DNA complex formation. Structure-activity relationship analyses suggested that the catechol moiety and alpha,beta-unsaturated ester group in ethyl caffeate are important and essential structural features for preventing NF-kappaB.DNA complex formation. This study provides an insight into the probable mechanism(s) underlying the anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties of ethyl caffeate.
Tumour necrosis factor- α and transforming growth factor- β are significantly associated with better prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma: putative relation with BCL-2-mediated neovascularization (2000)

Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated a wide spectrum of biologic activities of cytokines in the pathogenesis and progression of malignancy. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) have emerged as two of the many host-derived mediators that seem to interfere with both antiproliferative and tumorigenic effects in malignant tumours including lung cancer. However, their association with tumour prognosis or prognostic factors has not yet been completely clarified. In this study, we assessed TNF-alpha and TGF-beta mRNA expression by RT-PCR technique in 61 NSCLC samples, demonstrating the presence of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta mRNA in 55.74% and 45.9% of cases, respectively. We also evaluated the expression of the two distinct transmembrane TNF receptors. TNFR-I and TNFR-II, with a PCR-positive signal in 70.49% and 65.57% of cases, respectively. In 49 of the 61 cases, we evaluated the prognostic impact of the two growth-inhibiting factors using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. In the univariate analysis patients without nodal metastatic involvement (P = 0.02), less advanced tumour stage (P = 0.02) or TNF-alpha and TGF-beta positive cancers (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03) showed a favourable prognosis in terms of overall survival. Since our previous studies demonstrated a significant association between NSCLC behaviour, neoangiogenesis and bcl-2 expression, we investigated the putative relation between TNF-alpha and TGF-beta on the one hand, and vascular count (as a measure of tumour angiogenesis) and bcl-2 protein expression, on the other hand. Our results showed a significant direct association between TNF-alpha and bcl-2 (P = 0.05) and an inverse association between TNF-alpha and microvessel count (P = 0.03). Moreover, as previously demonstrated, we observed a significant inverse correlation between bcl-2 protein expression and vascular count (P = 0.05), suggesting that the favourable effect of TNF-alpha on clinical outcome may be related to a bcl-2-mediated low neovascular development.
Turn-on delay of VCSEL and effect of carrier recombination (2002)

It is well known that when the laser is turned on by increasing the device current from its initial value Jo to the above-threshold value J greater than Jth, stimulated recombination is delayed by td, the time during which the carrier population rises to its threshold value. On the besis ofthe rate equations for quantum well VCSEL, a closed expression describing the time evolution of the carrier density within the turn-on period of a VCSEL has been derived for the case that the Auger effect is considered with a term proportional to the cube ofthe carrier density. The theoretic results are simulated with Simulink of MATLAB software. As a result, an explicit analytical expression for the turn-on delay of the VCSEL has also been deduced. Since the turn-on delay is an important parameter of a semiconductor laser, intensified studies on this parameter have been carried out in the past years.
Trends in Sunburns, Sun Protection Practices, and Attitudes Toward Sun Exposure Protection and Tanning Among US Adolescents, 1998–2004 (2006)

A small reduction in sunburn frequency and modest increases in sun protection practices were observed among youth between 1998 and 2004, despite widespread sun protection campaigns. Nevertheless, the decrease in sunburns among younger teens may be cause for optimism regarding future trends. Overall, there was rather limited progress in improving sun protection practices and reducing sunburns among US youth between 1998 and 2004.
Measuring the quality of web content using factual information (2012)

Nowadays, many decisions are based on information found in the Web. For the most part, the disseminating sources are not certified, and hence an assessment of the quality and credibility of Web content became more important than ever. With factual density we present a simple statistical quality measure that is based on facts extracted from Web content using Open Information Extraction. In a first case study, we use this measure to identify featured/good articles in Wikipedia. We compare the factual density measure with word count, a measure that has successfully been applied to this task in the past. Our evaluation corroborates the good performance of word count in Wikipedia since featured/good articles are often longer than non-featured. However, for articles of similar lengths the word count measure fails while factual density can separate between them with an F-measure of 90.4%. We also investigate the use of relational features for categorizing Wikipedia articles into featured/good versus non-featured ones. If articles have similar lengths, we achieve an F-measure of 86.7% and 84% otherwise.
Skeletal Muscle Adaptability: Significance for Metabolism and Performance (1983)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Motor Unit Fibers per Motor Unit Contractile Properties Biochemical Basis for Differences in Twitch Properties Histochemical Differentiation of Muscle Fibers Ultrastructural Basis for Skeletal Muscle Fiber Typing Maximal Contractile Force Speed of Contraction Fatigue Characteristics Metabolic Characteristics Ionic Composition of Skeletal Muscle Summary Muscle Fiber Composition in Human Skeletal Muscle Motor‐Unit Recruitment Adaptive Response in Skeletal Muscle Muscle Size Metabolic Capacity Connective Tissue Capillaries Methodology Anatomy Capillary Density Capillary Length and Diameter Use and Disuse Regulation Significance of Adaptation Muscular Size Substrate Stores Enzyme Activities Summary
Selective Binding of FKBP12.6 by the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (1996)

The calcium release channels (CRC)/ryanodine receptors of skeletal (Sk) and cardiac (C) muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are hetero-oligomeric complexes with the structural formulas (ryanodine recepter (RyR)1 protomer)4(FKBP12)4 and (RyR2 protomer)4(FKBP12.6)4, respectively, where FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 are isoforms of the 12-kDa receptor for the immunosuppressant drug FK506. The sequence similarity between the RyR protomers and FKBP12 isoforms is 63 and 85%, respectively. Using 35S-labeled FKBP12 and 35S-labeled FKBP12.6 as probes to study the interaction with CRC, we find that: 1) analogous to its action in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SkMSR), FK506 (or analog FK590) dissociates FKBP12.6 from CSR; 2) both FKBP isoforms bind to FKBP-stripped SkMSR and exchange with endogenously bound FKBP12 of SkMSR; and 3) by contrast, only FKBP12. 6 exchanges with endogenously bound FKBP12.6 or rebinds to FKBP-stripped CSR. This selective binding appears to explain why the cardiac CRC is isolated as a complex with FKBP12.6, whereas the skeletal muscle CRC is isolated as a complex with FKBP12, although only FKBP12 is detectable in the myoplasm of both muscle types. Also, in contrast to the activation of the channel by removal of FKBP from skeletal muscle, no activation is detected in CRC activity in FKBP-stripped CSR. This differential action of FKBP may reflect a fundamental difference in the modulation of excitation-contraction coupling in heart versus skeletal muscle.
<title>Repair of articular cartilage and meniscal tears by photoactive dyes: in-vivo study</title> (1996)

We describe healing results of our 6 month study of a repair procedure which evokes the healing response in meniscal tears and partial thickness defects in articular cartilage by a non-thermal tissue sparing photochemical weld using 1,8-naphthalimide dyes. Welds of incisional flaps in adult sheep meniscus and femoral articular cartilage were made using the dye MBM Gold 012011012 at 12 mM in PBS, 457.9nm Argon ion laser radiation at 800 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, 7.5 minutes with approximately 1 kg/cm<SUP>2</SUP> externally applied pressure. Gross appearance of tissues in all welded knees appeared normal. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections disclosed close bonding of welded areas and continuing healing response as cellular recruitment.
Evaporation: Bio‐Inspired Evaporation Through Plasmonic Film of Nanoparticles at the Air–Water Interface (Small 16/2014) (2014)

A bioinspired surface evaporation approach with enhanced energy efficiency is demonstrated by W. Shang, T. Deng, and co-workers on page 3234. Inspired by the biological evaporation processes, this approach uses the self-assembled films of gold nanoparticles at the air-water interface that confine the plasmonic thermal energy to achieve efficient evaporation. The free-floating nature of the film also enables the tracking of the evaporative energy with the retreating interface, which maximizes both the energy usage and the materials usage for the evaporation process.
Co/Ag multilayer film: Role of annealing on the magnetic properties (1992)

Co(15 Å)/Ag(60 Å) multilayers produced by electron beam deposition on a 50 Å chromium buffer layer over a Si(111) wafer have been studied by magnetoresistance, saturation magnetization, coercivity, and anisotropy. Annealing at various temperatures produces striking effects on the observed physical properties, such as an improvement on the value of the magnetoresistance associated to a ‘‘back-diffusion’’ process in the Co/Ag interfaces. This leads one to believe that interface roughness is indeed most important to understanding the connection between giant magnetoresistance and antiferromagnetic coupling, as well as the behavior of coercivity vs interface anisotropy in these materials.
Investigation of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in methanogens (1998)

The cofactor specificity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) activities was tested in extracts of several methanogens using tetrahydromethanopterin (H 4 MPt) from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg, tetrahydrosarcinapterin (H 4 SPt) from Methanosarcina barkeri, and tetrahydrofolate (H 4 folate) as the potential C 1 carrier. In Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, the activities were H 4 MPt dependent. In Methanospirillum hungatei GP1, Methanosaeta concilii, Methanolobus tindarius, and Methanosarcina barkeri Fusaro, the activities were strictly H 4 folate dependent. H 4 SPt was reactive with the SHMT of Methanosphaera stadtmanae but not with that of Methanosarcina barkeri. In both Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanospirillum hungatei, pyridoxal phosphate stimulated SHMT activity. The apparent K m values for H 4 folate and L-serine were 0.086 and 0.29 mM in Methanosarcina barkeri and 0.065 and 0.31 mM in Methanospirillum hungatei, respectively. Key words: tetrahydromethanopterin, tetrahydrofolate, Archaea, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, methanogen.
Coated Intraocular Lenses (1987)

We found that an intraocular lens with a bonded coating of sodium hyaluronate caused less cell damage than an uncoated lens. We also found that an intraocular lens bonded with sodium hyaluronate will provide not only better adherence to viscoelastic materials and endothelial protection, but also may allow for better manipulation of the lens intraocularly. This is the first report of a sodium hyaluronate-coated intraocular lens used to prevent cell damage.
A step edge detector algorithm based on symbolic analysis (2002)

This paper analyzes the noise error, in both the module and the argument in the calculation of the gradient vector of the images illumination function. The results show that the behavior of the argument is more robust than that of the module. A proposal is made for a symbolic analysis of the argument of the gradient vector to detect the contour of the objects in the image. This shows that it is possible to use smaller windows to calculate the gradient vector without infringing the contradiction proposed by Marr and Hildreth (1980) and Canny (1983). Finally, a description is given of an edge detection algorithm where their most important characteristics are: a) it introduces a symbolic analysis of the argument of the gradient vector to detect edges; and b) It uses smaller window to approximate the value of the gradient vector allowing to locate the edge with precision.
The Frequency of Persisters in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Reflects the Kinetics of Awakening from Dormancy (2010)

A genetically homogenous bacterial population may contain physiologically distinct subpopulations. In one such case, a minor part of an otherwise antibiotic-sensitive bacterial population maintains a nondividing state even in a growth-supporting environment and is therefore not killed by bactericidal antibiotics. This phenomenon, called persistence, can lead to failure of antibiotic treatment. We followed the development of sensitivity to killing by ampicillin and norfloxacin when Escherichia coli cells were transferred from a stationary-phase culture into fresh growth medium. In parallel, we monitored growth resumption by individual bacteria. We found that bacteria in a population resumed growth and became sensitive to antibiotics at different times after transfer to fresh medium. Moreover, both growing and dormant bacteria coexisted in the same culture for many hours. The kinetics of awakening was strongly influenced by growth conditions: inocula taken from the same stationary-phase culture led to very different persister frequencies when they were transferred into different fresh media. Bactericidal antibiotics kill cells that have woken up, but the later-awakening subpopulation is tolerant to them and can be identified as persisters when the antibiotic is removed. Our observations demonstrate that persister count is a dynamic measure and that the persister frequency of a particular culture is not a fixed value.
The application of voltage regulators to aircraft generators (1942)

The use of high-capacity d-c generators on aircraft has required the development of regulators with rapid response, high accuracy, and with features for parallel operation of variable speed machines. The fundamental requirements of light weight, ability to withstand shock and vibration, and to give low radio interference were vital factors considered in the development. A device incorporating these features is described and analyzed. Results of tests on these equipments have shown that regulators with these features are vital to the operation of the electrical loads of modern planes, both the military and commercial types. The tests show that the requirements have been met with devices suited to high production methods.
Improved workup for glycosaminoglycan disaccharide analysis using CE with LIF detection (2008)

This work describes improved workup and instrumental conditions to enable robust, sensitive glycosaminoglycan (GAG) disaccharide analysis from complex biological samples. In the process of applying CE with LIF to GAG disaccharide analysis in biological samples, we have made improvements to existing methods. These include (i) optimization of reductive amination conditions, (ii) improvement in sensitivity through the use of a cellulose cleanup procedure for the derivatization, and (iii) optimization of separation conditions for robustness and reproducibility. The improved method enables analysis of disaccharide quantities as low as 1 pmol prior to derivatization. Biological GAG samples were exhaustively digested using lyase enzymes, the disaccharide products and standards were derivatized with the fluorophore 2-aminoacridone and subjected to reversed polarity CE-LIF detection. These conditions resolved all known chondroitin sulfate (CS) disaccharides or 11 of 12 standard heparin/heparan sulfate disaccharides, using 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, and reversed polarity at 30 kV with 0.3 psi pressure. Relative standard deviation in migration times of CS ranged from 0.1 to 2.0% over 60 days, and the relative standard deviations of peak areas were less than 3.2%, suggesting that the method is reproducible and precise. The CS disaccharide compositions are similar to those obtained by our group using tandem MS. The reversed polarity CE-LIF disaccharide analysis protocol yields baseline resolution and quantification of heparin/heparan sulfate and CS/dermatan sulfate disaccharides from both standard preparations and biologically relevant proteoglycan samples. The improved CE-LIF method enables disaccharide quantification of biologically relevant proteoglycans from small samples of intact tissue.