gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adeno-associated virus type 2 interferes with early development of mouse embryos (1994)

The human helper-dependent adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) has been shown to induce differentiation in various cell types in culture including pluripotent embryonic cells, in the absence of helper virus. To assess whether induction of differentiation may influence developmental processes we analysed the effect of AAV-2 on developing mouse embryos. In vitro infection of fertilized eggs induced arrest of development at the two-cell stage. Moreover, micro injection of AAV-2 DNA (comprising either the complete AAV-2 genome or a fragment containing the P5 promoter region) into one-cell embryos, blocked development at the morula stage. In vivo, AAV-2 infection of pregnant mice led to fetal death and early abortion. These results demonstrate that the human adeno-associated virus, which is thought to be non-pathogenic, can perturb embryonic development in mice. This may provide a suitable animal model system to further elucidate the biological significance of the recent detection of adeno-associated virus DNA in human abortion material.
Hydrodynamic radius ladders of proteins (2005)

We introduce hydrodynamic radius ladders of proteins as a new tool to isolate and measure the role of hydrodynamic size on transport properties of proteins. Radius ladders are collections of derivatives of a protein that differ incrementally in number of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains grafted to their surface. The addition of these chains causes the hydrodynamic size of the protein to increase. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) separates these derivatives into individual peaks or "rungs" of a ladder composed of proteins that have the same number of PEG chains, and provides a way to measure the values of hydrodynamic radius of proteins that constitute the rungs of the ladder. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by measuring the partitioning of radius ladders into polymer hydrogels. The combination of radius ladders and CE produces a large amount of internally consistent data on hydrodynamic size. This technique will have applicability to the study of the role of hydrodynamic size on transport.
Tailored Li4Ti5O12 nanofibers with outstanding kinetics for lithium rechargeable batteries (2012)

We report on the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) nanofibers through electrospinning and their outstanding electrochemical performances. Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) with a spinel structure is a promising candidate anode material for lithium rechargeable batteries due to its well-known zero-strain merits. In order to improve the electronic properties of spinel Li(4)Ti(5)O(12), which are intrinsically poor, we processed the material into a nanofiber type of architecture to shorten the Li(+) and electron transport distance using a versatile electrospinning approach. The electrospun Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) nanofiber showed significantly enhanced discharging/charging properties, even at high rates that exceeded 10 C, demonstrating that the nanofiber offers an attractive architecture for enhanced kinetics.
Diffusion welding multifilament superconductive composites (1978)

Diffusion welding is shown to be a feasible method for joining composites of niobium-titanium superconductor alloy filaments in a pure copper matrix. Good results were repeatedly obtained using 15/sup 0/ scarf joints welded with externally heated tooling and simple uniaxial compression loading in a conventional hydraulic press. Weld cycles of less than one hour total elapsed time were readily attainable. Through proper closed-die design, it was possible to increase welding pressure sufficiently to use relatively low temperatures to coincide with the optimum aging heat treatment of the superconductor alloy. This temperature limitation is important to retain optimal superconductor properties. Confirming measurements of critical current density of welded joints at 4.2/sup 0/K are in progress. In the welded joints made under optimum conditions, there is bonding of all constituents, including superconductor filaments. Weld tooling which effectively contains the relatively fluid matrix, and resists deformation during repeated weld cycles, is essential to the successful application of the diffusion welding process to these composites.
Determination of the site of production of respiratory sounds by subtraction phonopneumography. (1980)

The site of origin of the vesicular lung sound has long been in question. A technique (subtraction phonopneumography) is described here for determining the relative distance of a sound source from the chest wall. This technique involves the simultaneous recording of lung sounds from two different sites on the chest wall, phase inversion of one of the signals, and then mixing the signals in a summing amplifier. The degree of cancellation that results is inversely proportional to the number of sources and the degree to which each source is detected by both microphones simultaneously. A study of six normal subjects revealed little or no cancellation of inspiratory vesicular sounds with microphones separated by 10 cm. During expiration, cancellation did occur at distances well beyond 10 cm and was detectable over several homologous segments of opposite lungs. This finding is consistent with an intrapulmonic and probably intralobar source for the inspiratory component and an upper airway source for at least some of the expiratory component.
The transferrin–iron import system from pathogenic <i><scp>N</scp>eisseria</i> species (2012)

Two pathogenic species within the genus Neisseria cause the diseases gonorrhoea and meningitis. While vaccines are available to protect against four N. meningitidis serogroups, there is currently no commercial vaccine to protect against serogroup B or against N. gonorrhoeae. Moreover, the available vaccines have significant limitations and with antibiotic resistance becoming an alarming issue, the search for effective vaccine targets to elicit long-lasting protection against Neisseria species is becoming more urgent. One strategy for vaccine development has targeted the neisserial iron import systems. Without iron, the Neisseriae cannot survive and, therefore, these iron import systems tend to be relatively well conserved and are promising vaccine targets, having the potential to offer broad protection against both gonococcal and meningococcal infections. These efforts have been boosted by recent reports of the crystal structures of the neisserial receptor proteins TbpA and TbpB, each solved in complex with human transferrin, an iron binding protein normally responsible for delivering iron to human cells. Here, we review the recent structural reports and put them into perspective with available functional studies in order to derive the mechanism(s) for how the pathogenic Neisseriae are able to hijack human iron transport systems for their own survival and pathogenesis.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Moxifloxacin and Clinafloxacin against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1998)

On 10% oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase-enriched 7H11 agar medium, the MIC at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited for 20 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 0.5 microg of sparfloxacin (SPFX) or moxifloxacin (MXFX) per ml and 1.0 microg of clinafloxacin (CNFX) per ml, indicating that the in vitro activities of SPFX and MXFX were virtually identical and were slightly greater than that of CNFX. However, the in vivo activities of these drugs in a murine tuberculosis model differed considerably. Female Swiss mice were infected intravenously with 6.2 x 10(6) CFU of the H37Rv strain and treated for 4 weeks, beginning the next day after infection, with isoniazid (INH) serving as the positive control. By the criteria of 30-day survival rate, spleen weight, gross lung lesion, and mean number of CFU in the spleen, treatment with CNFX at up to 100 mg/kg of body weight six times weekly displayed no measurable effect against M. tuberculosis, whereas both SPFX and MXFX were effective; administration six times weekly of either of the latter two drugs demonstrated dosage-dependent bactericidal effects, as measured by enumeration of CFU in the spleens, and MXFX appeared more bactericidal than the same dosage of SPFX. Of the three fluoroquinolones, only MXFX at 100 mg/kg six times weekly appeared as bactericidal as INH at 25 mg/kg six times weekly. Thus, MXFX may be an important component of the newer combined regimens for treatment of tuberculosis.
A benchmark system for digital time-domain simulation of a pulse-width-modulated D-STATCOM (2002)

A benchmark system for studying the sinusoidal pulse-width-modulated distribution-static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) is proposed. A simple multifunction controller is provided to offer DC bus voltage control, power factor correction, and AC voltage control. Simulation results are presented and compared to experimental results obtained from a 10 kVA laboratory D-STATCOM. Excellent agreement between simulation and experimental results is obtained, validating the simulation output.
A phase 2 randomized dose-ranging study of the JAK2-selective inhibitor fedratinib (SAR302503) in patients with myelofibrosis (2015)

In this phase 2 open-label randomized study, 31 patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis received fedratinib 300, 400 or 500 mg once daily in consecutive 4-week cycles. Mean spleen volume reductions at 12 weeks (primary end point) were 30.3% (300 mg), 33.1% (400 mg) and 43.3% (500 mg). Spleen response rates (patients achieving ⩾35% spleen reduction) at 12/24 weeks were 30%/30% (300 mg), 50%/60% (400 mg) and 64%/55% (500 mg), respectively. By 4 weeks, improvements in myelofibrosis (MF)-associated symptoms were observed. At 48 weeks, 68% of patients remained on fedratinib and 16% had discontinued because of adverse events (AEs). Common grade 3/4 AEs were anemia (58%), fatigue (13%), diarrhea (13%), vomiting (10%) and nausea (6%). Serious AEs included one case of reversible hepatic failure and one case of Wernicke's encephalopathy (after analysis cutoff). Fedratinib treatment led to reduced STAT3 phosphorylation but no meaningful change in JAK2V617F allele burden. Significant modulation (P<0.05, adjusted for multiple comparisons) of 28 cytokines was observed, many of which correlated with spleen reduction. These data confirm the clinical activity of fedratinib in MF. After the analysis cutoff date, additional reports of Wernicke's encephalopathy in other fedratinib trials led to discontinuation of the sponsored clinical development program.
Biomaterials Science and Engineering (2011)

These contribution books collect reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of biomaterial development and use. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentials of different synthetic and engineered biomaterials. Contributions were not selected based on a direct market or clinical interest, than on results coming from very fundamental studies which have been mainly gathered for this book. This fact will also allow to gain a more general view of what and how the various biomaterials can do and work for, along with the methodologies necessary to design, develop and characterize them, without the restrictions necessarily imposed by industrial or profit concerns. The book collects 22 chapters related to recent researches on new materials, particularly dealing with their potential and different applications in biomedicine and clinics: from tissue engineering to polymeric scaffolds, from bone mimetic products to prostheses, up to strategies to manage their interaction with living cells.
Code placement techniques for cache miss rate reduction (1997)

In the design of embedded systems with cache memories, it is important to minimize the cache miss rates to reduce power consumption of the systems as well as improve the performance. In this article, we propose two code placement methods ( a simplified method and a refined one) to reduce miss rates of instruction caches. We first define a simplified code placement problem without an attempt to minimize the code size. The problem is formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem, by which an optimal placement can be found. Experimental results show that the simplified method reduces cache misses by an average of 30% (max. 77%). However, the code size obtained by the simplified method tends to be large, which inevitably leads to a larger memory size. In order to overcome this limitation, we further propose a refined code placement method in which the code size provided by the system designers must be satisfied. The effectiveness of the refined method is also demonstrated.
REPRESENTAÇÕES DO ESPORTE NO INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL (1906-1913) (2013)

Resumo Apos a chegada dos europeus ao hemisferio ocidental, eles passaram seculos tentando assimilar os povos nativos. Uma forma de “civilizacao” se dava atraves da educacao e da pratica esportiva em internatos. O Indian School Journal (ISJ), escrito e publicado na Chilocco Indian School, no que e hoje o estado de Oklahoma, foi um jornal proeminente em seu tempo e, de 1906 a 1913, incluia artigos sobre a participacao dos estudantes nos esportes. Esses artigos espelhavam alguns temas. A pratica esportiva pelas garotas recebeu uma quantitade surpreendente de cobertura, dado o pouco apoio recebido dos educadores de classe media da epoca. Os artigos reforcaram argumentos elaborados por outros academicos a respeito dos significados do espirito esportivo, do amadorismo e do orgulho racial. Os artigos do ISJ sugeriam um apoio macico a todos estes ideais. Eles tambem enfatizavam o significado do lado social do esporte como uma oportunidade para encontrar velhos amigos e fazer novos. Palavras-Chave: povos indigenas; jornalismo impresso; educacao; Estados Unidos da America (EUA). Abstract Representations of Sport in the Indian School Journal (1906-1913) After Europeans arrived in the western hemisphere, they spent centuries attempting to assimilate Native people. One means of “civilization” was through education and sport at boarding schools. The Indian School Journal (ISJ), written and published at the Chilocco Indian School in what is presently the state of Oklahoma, was a prominent journal of its day and, from 1906 to 1913, included articles about students' sports participation. These articles reflected certain themes. Girls' sport received a surprising amount of coverage given how little middle-class educators of the era supported it. The articles reinforced arguments made by other scholars about the significance of sportsmanship, amateurism, and racial pride. The ISJ articles suggested firm support for all these ideals. They also emphasized the significance of the social aspect of sport as an opportunity to reconnect with and to make new friends. Keywords: indians; press; education; United States of America (USA).
Engineering of site-directed antisera against vertebrate calmodulin by using synthetic peptide immunogens containing an immunoreactive site. (1983)

Site-directed antisera against vertebrate calmodulin were elicited in rabbits by injection of a synthetic immunogen containing the pentadecapeptide Gly-Gln-Val-Asn-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Phe-Val-Gln-Met-Met-Thr-Ala-Lys-OH, which corresponds to residues 134-148 of vertebrate calmodulin. A major immunoreactive region (residues 127-144) of calmodulin is found in the COOH-terminal structural domain and an immunoreactive site for one antiserum is contained in the heptapeptide Asn-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Phe-Val-Gln-NH2, which corresponds to residues 137-143 of vertebrate calmodulin. This immunoreactive heptapeptide was conjugated to a carrier protein by adding a cysteine residue to the NH2 terminus of the peptide and coupling the Cys-heptapeptide to the carrier through the thiol group of the cysteine residue. Injection of this Cys-heptapeptide-protein conjugate into rabbits yielded antisera that react with the heptapeptide but not with native calmodulin. Thus, the immunoreactive heptapeptide that is exposed on the surface of calmodulin is immunogenic, but it is not sufficient to elicit antibodies that react with native calmodulin. However, when the Cys-pentadecapeptide corresponding to residues 134-148 and containing the immunoreactive heptapeptide sequence was conjugated to a carrier protein and injected into rabbits, antisera were elicited that react with the intact calmodulin molecule. The affinities and specificities of these antisera for calmodulin are similar to those of antisera elicited by injection of the intact protein and are sufficient for their use in radioimmunoassays. These results indicate that the successful engineering of site-directed antisera against proteins by using synthetic peptide immunogens may require an appropriate intramolecular environment that allows the peptide region to closely approximate the spatial orientation it adopts in the intact protein.
Dialkyl- and diaryltetrafluoropersulfuranes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDialkyl- and diaryltetrafluoropersulfuranesDonald B. Denney, Dorthy Z. Denney, and Y. F. HsuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 24, 8191–8192Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00805a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visualizing spoken discourse (2001)

In this paper we show that interruptions are important elements in the interactive character of discourse and in the resolution of issues of cognitive uncertainty and planning. By representing discourse graphically, we also show that interruptions are part of the local and global coherence that is brought about through the systematic phrase-to-phrase prosodic patterns of discourse. The specific pitch height of the interruption varies with the expression of emotion, signals of attention-getting, and signals of competitiveness. These prosodic forms are potentially usable in spoken dialogue systems to provide intelligent responding systems that are responsive to human motivations in dialogues.
In vitro assessment of Function Graded (FG) artificial Hip joint stem in terms of bone/cement stresses: 3D Finite Element (FE) study (2013)

FE results showed that using FG stem increases the resultant stresses at the femur bone (reduces stress shielding) compared to metallic stem. The results showed that the stem length has significant effects on the resultant shear and Von Mises stresses at bone, stem and bone cement for all types of stem materials.
Spectroscopy of Hydrothermal Reactions 16:  Kinetics of Decarboxylation/Hydrolysis of Methyl Propiolate Ester and Decarboxylation of Propiolic Acid at 150−210 °C and 275 Bar (2001)

The coupled kinetics of decarboxylation and hydrolysis of methyl propiolate were determined in real time at 160−210 °C and 275 bar by using a titanium-cell flow-reactor equipped with sapphire windows for direct IR spectral detection. The rate constants were calculated from the formation of CO2 and the disappearance of methyl propiolate at the natural pH of the solution. The product acid (propiolic) also decarboxylates, and its kinetics were determined at 150−200 °C and 275 bar for use in the overall model. At 180 °C, the relative rates are in the order propiolic acid decarboxylation > methyl propiolate decarboxylation > methyl propiolate hydrolysis. Hence, the hydrolysis step is rate-determining over most of the temperature range studied. Because of the instability of the propiolic acid product, the hydrolysis of methyl propiolate is not acid-catalyzed. Instead, the Arrhenius activation energy for the ester hydrolysis more closely resembles those previously reported for base catalysis.
Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: therapeutic approaches (2009)

Acute ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death in industrialized countries and the most frequent cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Despite advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, therapeutic options remain limited. Only recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for thrombolysis is currently approved for use in the treatment of this devastating disease. However, its use is limited by its short therapeutic window (three hours), complications derived essentially from the risk of hemorrhage, and the potential damage from reperfusion/ischemic injury. Two important pathophysiological mechanisms involved during ischemic stroke are oxidative stress and inflammation. Brain tissue is not well equipped with antioxidant defenses, so reactive oxygen species and other free radicals/oxidants, released by inflammatory cells, threaten tissue viability in the vicinity of the ischemic core. This review will discuss the molecular aspects of oxidative stress and inflammation in ischemic stroke and potential therapeutic strategies that target neuroinflammation and the innate immune system. Currently, little is known about endogenous counterregulatory immune mechanisms. However, recent studies showing that regulatory T cells are major cerebroprotective immunomodulators after stroke suggest that targeting the endogenous adaptive immune response may offer novel promising neuroprotectant therapies.
A Novel Indium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling Reaction, Effected in the Absence of a Copper Salt, Phosphine Ligand and Palladium (2005)

An efficient copper-, phosphine ligand- and palladium-free indium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction has been developed in the presence of 1 mol% indium trichloride. Coupling of various aryl halides with terminal alkynes afforded the corresponding aryl alkynes in moderate to excellent yields.
MALDI Mechanism of Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Isomers: Desorption of Neutral Matrix and Analyte (2013)

Angular resolved velocity distributions of laser desorbed neutral matrices (dihydroxybenzoic acids, DHB) and analytes (tryptophan) embedded in these matrices were investigated at 322 nm by a modified crossed molecular beam apparatus. Desorbed ions generated from MALDI were measured by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Desorptions of neutral matrix and analyte from 2,3-DHB, 2,4-DHB, 2,5-DHB, 2,6-DHB, and 3,5--DHB at 322 nm have similar properties, but the ion intensities are in the order 2,3DHB ≅ 2,6-DHB > 2,5-DHB ≅ 2,4-DHB > 3,5-DHB. It indicates that the combination of various parameters related to neutral species, including absorption coefficient, sublimation energy, contact of analyte and matrix in crystal, and plume dynamics of desorbed species are not crucial in the determination of MALDI process for DHB isomers. The difference of matrix activity of DHB isomers at this wavelength must result from the other properties, like the excited state lifetime, proton affinity, gas-phase basicity, acidity, ionization energy, or the other properties related to the primary reactions in ion generation.