gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of 7T-Like Images From 3T MRI (2016)

In the recent MRI scanning, ultra-high-field (7T) MR imaging provides higher resolution and better tissue contrast compared to routine 3T MRI, which may help in more accurate and early brain diseases diagnosis. However, currently, 7T MRI scanners are more expensive and less available at clinical and research centers. These motivate us to propose a method for the reconstruction of images close to the quality of 7T MRI, called 7T-like images, from 3T MRI, to improve the quality in terms of resolution and contrast. By doing so, the post-processing tasks, such as tissue segmentation, can be done more accurately and brain tissues details can be seen with higher resolution and contrast. To do this, we have acquired a unique dataset which includes paired 3T and 7T images scanned from same subjects, and then propose a hierarchical reconstruction based on group sparsity in a novel multi-level Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) space, to improve the quality of 3T MR image to be 7T-like MRI. First, overlapping patches are extracted from the input 3T MR image. Then, by extracting the most similar patches from all the aligned 3T and 7T images in the training set, the paired 3T and 7T dictionaries are constructed for each patch. It is worth noting that, for the training, we use pairs of 3T and 7T MR images from each training subject. Then, we propose multi-level CCA to map the paired 3T and 7T patch sets to a common space to increase their correlations. In such space, each input 3T MRI patch is sparsely represented by the 3T dictionary and then the obtained sparse coefficients are used together with the corresponding 7T dictionary to reconstruct the 7T-like patch. Also, to have the structural consistency between adjacent patches, the group sparsity is employed. This reconstruction is performed with changing patch sizes in a hierarchical framework. Experiments have been done using 13 subjects with both 3T and 7T MR images. The results show that our method outperforms previous methods and is able to recover better structural details. Also, to place our proposed method in a medical application context, we evaluated the influence of post-processing methods such as brain tissue segmentation on the reconstructed 7T-like MR images. Results show that our 7T-like images lead to higher accuracy in segmentation of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and skull, compared to segmentation of 3T MR images.
Cone collectors for finite sources (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Winston, "Cone collectors for finite sources," Appl. Opt. 17, 688-689 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Storage systems--Present status and anticipated development (1965)

The state of the art of computer memories is discussed with respect to the increasing variety of memory systems and functions. Present speed and capacity limits will be given. New technologies and concepts will be reviewed and fundamental barriers are identified. Their review leads to an estimate of the progress to be expected in the next few years.
Perceptual classification based on the component structure of song in European starlings (2000)

The ability to recognize individuals based on their vocalizations is common among many species of songbirds. Examining the psychological and neural basis of this functionally relevant behavior can provide insight into the perceptual processing of acoustically complex, real-world, communication signals. In one species of songbird, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), males sing long and acoustically complex songs composed of small stereotyped note clusters called motifs. Previous studies demonstrate that starlings are capable of individual vocal recognition, and suggest that vocal recognition results from the association of specific motifs with specific individuals. The present study tests this possibility by examining how variation among the motifs that comprise a song affect its discrimination and classification. Starlings were trained, using operant techniques, to associate multiple songs from a single male starling with one response, and songs from four other male starlings with another response. The level of stimulus control exerted by motif variation was then measured by having subjects classify three sets of novel song bouts in which motifs from the training songs were systematically recombined. The results demonstrate a significant, and approximately linear, relationship between song classification and the relative proportions of familiar motifs from different singers that compose a bout. The results also indicate that the motif proportion effects on song classification are primary to retroactive interference in the recall for specific motifs, and independent of any biases due to the syntactic organization of motifs within a bout. Together, the results of this study suggest that starlings organize the complex vocalizations of conspecifics by memorizing large numbers of unique song components (i.e., motifs) that are then associated with different classes. Because individual starlings tend to possess unique motif repertoires, it is likely that under natural conditions such classes will correspond to individual identity. Thus, it is likely that perceptual processing mechanisms similar to those described by the results of the present study form the basis for individual vocal recognition in starlings.
Synthesis of .ALPHA.-Tocopherol for The Next Century. (1996)

以下に示す二つの方法によってα-トコフェロールの合成を行った。最初にルイス酸とブレンステッド酸を用いてトリメチルヒドロキノンと7, 11, 15-トリメチル-3-メチレン-1, 6-ヘキサデカジエンの反応を行った。モデル実験としてミルセンを用いた場合, (+) -10-カンファースルホン酸及び塩化アルミニウム-テトラアルキルアンモニウム=ハライドの系ではFriedel-Crafts反応が進行し, 収率良く目的とするクロマン化合物が得られるのに対し, ジエチルエーテル-三フッ化ホウ素 (1/1) や四塩化スズのようなルイス酸を用いた場合には選択的にスピロ化合物が得られた。次に, 希土類トリフラート, スカンジウムトリフラート及びモンモリロナイトを用いトリメチルヒドロキノンとイソフィトールの反応を検討した。この中でスカンジウムトリフラートとイオン交換モンモリロナイトは高収率, 高純度でα-トコフェロールを与える優れた触媒であることを見いだした。これらの触媒は, 様々な溶媒中で活性であり, また回収, 再利用が可能であった。これらの触媒を用いた合成法は, 環境に優しくまた, 工業規模にも適用できると思われる。
Nickel-containing factor F430: chromophore of the methylreductase of Methanobacterium. (1982)

The yellow chromophore of the methyl-coenzyme M methylreductase of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum has been found to be the nickel-containing factor F430. Treatment of 63Ni-labeled methylreductase with 80% aqueous methanol released the radiolabel as well as the yellow chromophore; both properties were associated with a single compound that was found to be identical to F430, the stoichiometry being 1 mol of nickel per mol of F430 and 2 mol of F430 per mol of methylreductase.
Wide bandwidth microstrip antennas for circuit integration (1979)

Novel multilayer concepts for the formation of efficient micro-strip antennas on alumina substrates that allow simple antenna/circuit integration to be achieved are described. Experimental results show that, by using these techniques, bandwidth in excess of 16 times those of alumina microstrip antennas can be obtained, at the expense of an increase in the overall antenna height.
GE11 peptide modified and reduction-responsive hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles induced higher efficacy of doxorubicin for breast carcinoma therapy (2016)

Novel breast carcinoma dual-targeted redox-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) based on cholesteryl-hyaluronic acid conjugates were designed for intracellular delivery of the antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX). A series of reduction-responsive hyaluronic acid derivatives grafted with hydrophobic cholesteryl moiety (HA-ss-Chol) and GE11 peptide conjugated HA-ss-Chol (GE11-HA-ss-Chol) were synthesized. The obtained conjugates showed attractive self-assembly characteristics and high drug loading capacity. GE11-HA-ss-Chol NPs were highly stable under conditions mimicking normal physiological conditions, while showing a fast degradation of the vehicle's structure and accelerating the drug release dramatically in the presence of intracellular reductive environment. Furthermore, the cellular uptake assay confirmed GE11-HA-ss-Chol NPs were taken up by MDA-MB-231 cells through CD44- and epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated endocytosis. The internalization pathways of GE11-HA-ss-Chol NPs might involve clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The intracellular distribution of DOX in GE11-HA-ss-Chol NPs showed a faster release and more efficient nuclear delivery than the insensitive control. Enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity of GE11-HA-ss-Chol DOX-NPs further confirmed the superiority of their dual-targeting and redox-responsive capacity. Moreover, in vivo imaging investigation in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice confirmed that GE11-HA-ss-Chol NPs labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide, a near-infrared fluorescence dye, possessed a preferable tumor accumulation ability as compared to the single-targeting counterpart (HA-ss-Chol NPs). The antitumor efficacy showed an improved therapy efficacy and lower systemic side effect. These results suggest GE11-HA-ss-Chol NPs provide a good potential platform for antitumor drugs.
Emergency Services for Internet Telephony Systems (2004)

Summoning emergency help is a core feature of telephone networks. This
document describes how the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) can be
used to provide advanced emergency services for voice-over-IP (VoIP).
The architecture employs standard SIP features and requires no new
protocol mechanisms. DNS is used to map civil and geospatial locations
to the appropriate emergency call center.
Multiple-signal intermodulation and stability considerations in the use of linear repeaters (2002)

Expressions are generated to determine the third- and fifth-order intermodulation levels associated with N channelized signals being amplified by a linear repeater. Under reasonably general assumptions, it is shown that out-of-band third-order intermodulation power is enhanced by a power ratio of N/sup 2/-3N/2 or less. Fifth-order intermodulation is shown to be enhanced for multiple signals and is potentially a dominant source of interference. Expressions are also given that relate linear repeater stability requirements to frequency response flatness, a source of potential increased intermodulation and system degradation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of Sr2LaFe3O9 (1996)

Measurements of the magnetization, specific heat, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum are presented for Sr2LaFe3O9. The temperature dependence of the specific heat and magnetization indicates that Sr2LaFe3O9 undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at TN=203 K. The small entropy removal ΔS and small effective paramagnetic moment μeff suggest an itinerant character for the Fe moment in this compound. In low applied fields, the zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization below TN exhibit a hysteretic behavior indicating the existence of some ferromagnetic correlation. This behavior is suppressed by high applied fields. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum measured at 4.2 K for Sr2LaFe3O9 indicates two superimposed hyperfine fields of 260 and 450 kOe with area ratios of 1/3 and 2/3, respectively, consistent with previous measurements.
Relationships of Circulating Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin With Metabolic Traits in Humans (2010)

Possible mechanisms by which high circulating SHBG prevents the development of type 2 diabetes involve regulation of fasting glycemia but not alteration of insulin secretory function.
The <i>N</i>‐Acylethanolamine‐Hydrolyzing Acid Amidase (NAAA) (2007)

Bioactive N-acylethanolamines, including the endocannabinoid anandamide and anti-inflammatory N-palmitoylethanolamine, are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and ethanolamine in animal tissues by the catalysis of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We recently cloned cDNA of N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), another enzyme catalyzing the same reaction, from human, rat, and mouse. NAAA reveals no sequence homology with FAAH and belongs to the choloylglycine hydrolase family. The most striking catalytic property of NAAA is pH optimum at 4.5-5, which is consistent with its immunocytochemical localization in lysosomes. In rat, NAAA is highly expressed in lung, spleen, thymus, and intestine. Notably, the expression level of NAAA is exceptionally high in rat alveolar macrophages. The primary structure of NAAA exhibits 33-35% amino acid identity to that of acid ceramidase, a lysosomal enzyme hydrolyzing ceramide to fatty acid and sphingosine. NAAA actually showed a low, but detectable ceramide-hydrolyzing activity, while acid ceramidase hydrolyzed N-lauroylethanolamine. Thus, NAAA is a novel lysosomal hydrolase, which is structurally and functionally similar to acid ceramidase. These results suggest a unique role of NAAA in the degradation of N-acylethanolamines.
[Isolation and characterization of the salt-tolerant aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain A-13]. (2013)

The isolated P. stutzeri, A-13 is a potential strain to treat wastewater with high salinity and/or eutrophication.
Partial Thermodynamic Parameters for Prediction Stability and Washing Behavior of DNA Duplexes Immobilized on Gel Matrix (1996)

Earlier we showed that reported in literature nearest-neighbor thermodynamic parameters describe poorly the thermal-induced behavior of DNA duplexes immobilized in gel. Here we present a complete set of partial thermodynamic parameters for all 10 nearest-neighbor interactions specially developed for duplexes immobilized in gel. This thermodynamic library allows to predict dissociation enthalpy and free energy of DNA duplex immobilized in gel matrix from its base sequence. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Dissociation enthalpy and free energy are needed for such application as (i) predicting relative stability of duplexes formed by DNA with oligonucleotides immobilized in cells of gel matrix; (ii) selecting optimal conditions for hybridization experiment; (iii) predicting washing curves and washing temperatures at irreversible temperature-stepped wash of DNA out of oligonucleotide gel matrix; (iv) selecting optimal conditions for washing gel matrix.
Spatial error recovery using multi-directional inpainting (2008)

During transmission over error-prone networks, the compressed video signal may suffer a large drop in video quality for the block-based motion-compensation scheme. Error recovery is widely used in video decoders to reconstruct corrupted regions. In this paper, we propose a new spatial error recovery method utilizing multi-directional inpainting. It contains eight single-directional inpaintings which perform unsymmetrical matching to search for suitable information and keep local continuity. We also present a linear combination method which merges different directional matching patches to alleviate the error propagations. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides significant gains in both subjective and objective measurements.
Mesenchymal stem cells derived in vitro transdifferentiated insulin-producing cells: A new approach to treat type 1 diabetes (2014)

The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is largely related to an innate defect in the immune system culminating in a loss of self-tolerance and destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. Currently, there is no definitive cure for T1DM. Insulin injection does not mimic the precise regulation of β-cells on glucose homeostasis, leading long term to the development of complications. Stem cell therapy is a promising approach and specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising possibility that deserves to be explored further. MSCs are multipotent, nonhematopoietic progenitors. They have been explored as an treatment option in tissue regeneration as well as potential of in vitro transdifferentiation into insulin-secreting cells. Thus, the major therapeutic goals for T1DM have been achieved in this way. The regenerative capabilities of MSCs have been a driving force to initiate studies testing their therapeutic effectiveness; their immunomodulatory properties have been equally exciting; which would appear capable of disabling immune dysregulation that leads to β-cell destruction in T1DM. Furthermore, MSCs can be cultured under specially defined conditions, their transdifferentiation can be directed toward the β-cell phenotype, and the formation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) can be targeted. To date, the role of MSCs-derived IPC in T1DM-a unique approach with some positive findings-have been unexplored, but it is still in its very early phase. In this study, a new approach of MSCs-derived IPCs, as a potential therapeutic benefit for T1DM in experimental animal models as well as in humans has been summarized.
Word Alignment Modeling with Context Dependent Deep Neural Network (2013)

In this paper, we explore a novel bilin-gual word alignment approach based on DNN (Deep Neural Network), which has been proven to be very effective in var-ious machine learning tasks (Collobert et al., 2011). We describe in detail how we adapt and extend the CD-DNN-HMM (Dahl et al., 2012) method intro-duced in speech recognition to the HMM-based word alignment model, in which bilingual word embedding is discrimina-tively learnt to capture lexical translation information, and surrounding words are leveraged to model context information in bilingual sentences. While being ca-pable to model the rich bilingual corre-spondence, our method generates a very compact model with much fewer parame-ters. Experiments on a large scale English-Chinese word alignment task show that the proposed method outperforms the HMM and IBM model 4 baselines by 2 points in F-score. 1
A new monoclonal antibody for the sensitive detection of atrazine with immunoassay in microtiter plate and dipstick format (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new monoclonal antibody for the sensitive detection of atrazine with immunoassay in microtiter plate and dipstick formatThomas. GierschCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 6, 1006–1011Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00030a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00030a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views419Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of hibernating ribosomes in mammalian cells (2011)

Protein synthesis across kingdoms involves the assembly of 70S (prokaryotes) or 80S (eukaryotes) ribosomes on the mRNAs to be translated. 70S ribosomes are protected from degradation in bacteria during stationary growth or stress conditions by forming dimers that migrate in polysome profiles as 100S complexes. Formation of ribosome dimers in Escherichia coli is mediated by proteins, namely the ribosome modulation factor (RMF), which is induced in the stationary phase of cell growth. It is reported here a similar ribosomal complex of 110S in eukaryotic cells, which forms during nutrient starvation. The dynamic nature of the 110S ribosomal complex (mammalian equivalent of the bacterial 100S) was supported by the rapid conversion into polysomes upon nutrient-refeeding via a mechanism sensitive to inhibitors of translation initiation. Several experiments were used to show that the 110S complex is a dimer of nontranslating ribosomes. Cryo-electron microscopy visualization of the 110S complex revealed that two 80S ribosomes are connected by a flexible, albeit localized, interaction. We conclude that, similarly to bacteria, rat cells contain stress-induced ribosomal dimers. The identification of ribosomal dimers in rat cells will bring new insights in our thinking of the ribosome structure and its function during the cellular response to stress conditions.
Human hepatic stem cells from fetal and postnatal donors (2020)

Human hepatic stem cells (hHpSCs), which are pluripotent precursors of hepatoblasts and thence of hepatocytic and biliary epithelia, are located in ductal plates in fetal livers and in Canals of Hering in adult livers. They can be isolated by immunoselection for epithelial cell adhesion molecule–positive (EpCAM+) cells, and they constitute ∼0.5–2.5% of liver parenchyma of all donor ages. The self-renewal capacity of hHpSCs is indicated by phenotypic stability after expansion for >150 population doublings in a serum-free, defined medium and with a doubling time of ∼36 h. Survival and proliferation of hHpSCs require paracrine signaling by hepatic stellate cells and/or angioblasts that coisolate with them. The hHpSCs are ∼9 μm in diameter, express cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19, CD133/1, telomerase, CD44H, claudin 3, and albumin (weakly). They are negative for α-fetoprotein (AFP), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1, and for markers of adult liver cells (cytochrome P450s), hemopoietic cells (CD45), and mesenchymal cells (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and desmin). If transferred to STO feeders, hHpSCs give rise to hepatoblasts, which are recognizable by cordlike colony morphology and up-regulation of AFP, P4503A7, and ICAM1. Transplantation of freshly isolated EpCAM+ cells or of hHpSCs expanded in culture into NOD/SCID mice results in mature liver tissue expressing human-specific proteins. The hHpSCs are candidates for liver cell therapies.
On analysis and synthesis of (<i>n, k</i>)-non-linear feedback shift registers (2008)

Non-Linear Feedback Shift Registers (NLFSRs) have been proposed as an alternative to Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) for generating pseudo-random sequences for stream ciphers. In this paper, we introduce (n, k)-NLFSRs which can be considered a generalization of the Galois type of LFSR. In an (n, k)-NLFSR, the feedback can be taken from any of the n bits, and the next state functions can be any Boolean function of up to k variables. Our motivation for considering this type NLFSRs is that their Galois configuration makes it possible to compute each next state function in parallel, thus increasing the speed of output sequence generation. Thus, for stream cipher application where the encryption speed is important, (n, k)-NLFSRs may be a better alternative than the traditional Fibonacci ones. We derive a number of properties of (n, k)-NLFSRs. First, we demonstrate that they are capable of generating output sequences with good statistical properties which cannot be generated by the Fibonacci type of NLFSRs. Second, we show that the period of the output sequence of an (n, k)-NLFSR is not necessarily equal to the length of the largest cycle of its states. Third, we compute the period of an (n, k)-NLFSR constructed from several parallel NLFSRs whose outputs are XOR-ed and show how to maximize this period. We also present an algorithm for estimating the length of cycles of states of (n, k)-NLFSRs which uses Binary Decision Diagrams for representing the set of states and the transition relation on this set.