gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological Characterization of the <i>ARO10</i> -Dependent, Broad-Substrate-Specificity 2-Oxo Acid Decarboxylase Activity of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2005)

Aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D were grown with different nitrogen sources. Cultures grown with phenylalanine, leucine, or methionine as a nitrogen source contained high levels of the corresponding fusel alcohols and organic acids, indicating activity of the Ehrlich pathway. Also, fusel alcohols derived from the other two amino acids were detected in the supernatant, suggesting the involvement of a common enzyme activity. Transcript level analysis revealed that among the five thiamine-pyrophospate-dependent decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3), only ARO10 was transcriptionally up-regulated when phenylalanine, leucine, or methionine was used as a nitrogen source compared to growth on ammonia, proline, and asparagine. Moreover, 2-oxo acid decarboxylase activity measured in cell extract from CEN.PK113-7D grown with phenylalanine, methionine, or leucine displayed similar broad-substrate 2-oxo acid decarboxylase activity. Constitutive expression of ARO10 in ethanol-limited chemostat cultures in a strain lacking the five thiamine-pyrophosphate-dependent decarboxylases, grown with ammonia as a nitrogen source, led to a measurable decarboxylase activity with phenylalanine-, leucine-, and methionine-derived 2-oxo acids. Moreover, even with ammonia as the nitrogen source, these cultures produced significant amounts of the corresponding fusel alcohols. Nonetheless, the constitutive expression of ARO10 in an isogenic wild-type strain grown in a glucose-limited chemostat with ammonia did not lead to any 2-oxo acid decarboxylase activity. Furthermore, even when ARO10 was constitutively expressed, growth with phenylalanine as the nitrogen source led to increased decarboxylase activities in cell extracts. The results reported here indicate the involvement of posttranscriptional regulation and/or a second protein in the ARO10-dependent, broad-substrate-specificity decarboxylase activity.
Vascular endothelial function and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiac syndrome X (2007)

This study clearly showed for the first time that compared with normal subjects, patients with CSX have decreased levels and adhesive function of circulating EPCs. These findings may explain the underlying mechanisms which contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and microvascular abnormalities observed in patients with CSX.
Radioprotection of Normal Tissues against Gamma Rays and Cyclotron Neutrons with WR-2721: LD 50 Studies and 35 S-WR-2721 Biodistribution (1984)

The ability of WR-2721 to protect mice against two modes of death following whole-body radiation with 137Cs gamma rays or d(22)+Be neutrons was examined. For single fractions, 400 mg/kg WR-2721 was administered prior to irradiation. In two-fraction exposures, the dose was 275 mg/kg given prior to each fraction. Dose modification factors (DMFs) were calculated as ratios of LD50 values. For single fractions of gamma rays, the DMF was 1.74 for the LD50/7 end point and for LD50/30, the DMF for single fractions was 2.25. For two fractions 3 hr apart, it was 1.88. For single fractions of cyclotron neutrons, the DMF was 1.32 for LD50/7. Measured with the LD50/30 end point, the DMF for single neutron doses was 1.41 and for two fractions, 1.19. Substantial radioprotection of bone marrow and intestinal epithelium against cyclotron neutrons was seen in these investigations. Biodistribution studies were done following ip injection of 35S-labeled WR-2721 into C3H mice bearing RIF-1 tumors. Blood levels peaked at 10 min after injection and declined thereafter. Most normal tissues achieved maximum levels of 35S at 30 to 60 min postinjection and high concentrations were retained in most tissues for up to 2 hr. Assuming that all 35S is in parent compound or dephosphorylated radioprotective metabolites, the concentration of protector (milligram per gram tissue) in various organs at 30 min postinjection ranked as follows: kidney greater than submandibular gland much greater than liver = lung greater than gut greater than heart much greater than blood greater than skin greater than tumor greater than brain. High levels of 35S were achieved and retention times were long in certain normal tissues which respond at early or late times postradiation and may be dose limiting in radiotherapy: kidney, liver, salivary gland, and lung. These combined observations suggest that there is potential for protecting dose-limiting, late-responding normal tissue in the radiotherapy of human cancer with both neutrons and conventional radiotherapy.
Use of peat in water pollution control: a review (1987)

Peat, besides being plentiful and inexpensive, possesses several other qualities that make it an effective medium for the removal of pollutants. This paper presents a review of its use in water pollution control — in the treatment of sanitary and industrial wastewaters. Key words: peat, water pollution control, wastewater treatment, onsite wastewater systems, industrial wastes.
A Simulation-based VR System for Interactive Hairstyling (2006)

We have developed a physically-based VR system that enables users to interactively style dynamic virtual hair by using multiresolution simulation techniques and graphics hardware rendering acceleration for simulating and rendering hair in real time. With a 3D haptic interface, users can directly manipulate and position hair strands, as well as employ real-world styling applications (cutting, blow-drying, etc.) to create hairstyles more intuitively than previous techniques.
Java translation scheme for consumer electronics home networks (2002)

Java is considered to be a promising architecture for use in distributing and running programs on consumer electronics according to the progress of a home network. However, as conventional Java requires a large amount of memory and a highly efficient CPU in appliances running virtual machines, it has been difficult to apply it to the consumer electronics field where low cost and low power consumption are prime concerns. In this paper, we propose a Java translation scheme in which a bytecode-to-bytecode translator for a compact virtual machine is implemented in the home gateway located between an internal home network and external networks. As a result, we have been able to obtain a virtual machine architecture that requires only about 1/10 of memory in comparison with conventional JavaVM. Furthermore, the size of distributed class files is reduced to about 40% of the original file size.
Non-singular concepts in natural language discourse (1989)

We introduce a new approach to representing and manipulating various types of non-singular concepts in natural language discourse. The representation we describe is based on a partially ordered structure of levels in which the objects of the same relative singularity are assigned to the same level. Our choice of the representation has been motivated by the following main concerns: I. The representation should systematically distinguish between those language terms that are used to refer to objects of different singularity, that is, those classified within different but related levels of the model; 2. The representation should capture certain types of inter-sentential dependencies in discourse, most notably anaphoric-type cohesive links; 3. Finally, the representation should serve as a basis for defining a formal semantics of discourse paragraphs that would allow for capturing the exact truth conditions of sentences involving non-singular terms, and for computing interlevel inferences. In this paper we discuss (I) and (2) only. (3) is currently under investigation and will be the topic of a forthcoming article. We believe that our approach promotes computational feasibility, because we avoid the identification of general terms, like &amp;quot;temperature, &amp;quot; &amp;quot;water, &amp;quot; etc., with intensions, that is, functions over possible worlds. In our theory, the concept of non-singularity has a local (often subjective) character. 1
Control of α4β7 Integrin Expression and CD4 T Cell Homing by the β1 Integrin Subunit (2010)

The alpha4beta7 integrin promotes homing of T cells to intestinal sites. The alpha4 integrin subunit that pairs with beta7 integrin can also pair with beta1 integrin. In this paper, we show that the preferential pairing of beta1 integrin with alpha4 integrin regulates the expression of alpha4beta7 on T cells. In the absence of beta1 integrin, naive mouse CD4 T cells have increased alpha4beta7 expression, resulting in increased adhesion to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 and enhanced homing to Peyer's patches (PP). In a reciprocal manner, overexpression of beta1 integrin causes the loss of alpha4beta7 expression and decreased homing to PP. A similar upregulation of beta1 integrin and suppression of alpha4beta7 expression occurs rapidly after CD4 T cell activation. beta1 integrin thus dominates beta7 integrin for alpha4 integrin pairing, thereby controlling the abundance of unpaired alpha4 integrin. Increasing the abundance of alpha4 integrin relative to beta1 integrin is critical to retinoic acid-mediated expression of alpha4beta7 integrin during T cell activation. In the absence of beta1 integrin, endogenous Ag-specific CD4 T cells uniformly express high levels of alpha4beta7 after Listeria monocytogenes infection. The resulting beta1-deficient early memory T cells have decreased localization to the bone marrow and enhanced localization to PP after infection. Thus, the preferential association of beta1 integrin with alpha4 integrin suppresses alpha4beta7 integrin expression and regulates the localization of memory CD4 T cells.
Block of cells discarding for congestion control in ATM networks (2002)

We propose a congestion control scheme for packet-oriented service in ATM networks. In most of the packet-oriented services, the higher protocol layers recover the corrupted or lost packets by retransmission. Under such an error recovery mechanism, when an intermediate node has discarded a cell, all the following cells associated with the same packet is not worth transmitting; because all the cells of the lost packet will be retransmitted. If the switching node removes those cells, the traffic beyond the congestion point must be reduced. We build a queueing model and investigate the performance characteristics of our congestion control scheme via simulation. As compared to the previously proposed congestion control scheme, our scheme provides a better performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heterozygous Mutations in Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-B ( <i>NPR2</i> ) Are Associated with Short Stature (2006)

We have shown that heterozygous mutations in NPR2 are associated with short stature. Assuming one in 700 people unknowingly carry an NPR2 mutation, our data suggest that approximately one in 30 individuals with idiopathic short stature are carriers of NPR2 mutations.
A confirmatory seamless phase II/III clinical trial design incorporating short‐term endpoint information (2010)

Seamless phase II/III designs allow strong control of the familywise type I error rate when the most promising of a number of experimental treatments is selected at an interim analysis to continue along with the control treatment. If the primary endpoint is observed only after long-term follow-up it may be desirable to use correlated short-term endpoint data available at the interim analysis to inform the treatment selection. If short-term data are available for some patients for whom the primary endpoint is not available, basing treatment selection on these data may, however, lead to inflation of the type I error rate. This paper proposes a method for the adjustment of the usual group-sequential boundaries to maintain strong control of the familywise error rate even when short-term endpoint data are used for the treatment selection at the first interim analysis. This method allows the use of the short-term data, leading to an increase in power when these data are correlated with the primary endpoint data.
Characterizing the Flowability of a Powder Using the Concepts of Fractal Geometry and Chaos Theory (1997)

Avalanching powder is a non‐linear system which falls within a branch of the modern science known as deterministic chaos. The pattern of events generated by an avalanching powder can be described using the concepts of fractal geometry. The basic theory of these new techniques for characterizing the flowability of a powder by avalanching studies is outlined. Two different instruments: a ramp for flow studies and a rotating disc for studying avalanches are described. Data characterizing the effect of particle size, humidity, and flowagents on the flowability of powders is presented. The usefulness of angle of repose measurements is discussed.
Effects of nilvadipine and amlodipine in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension: a double blind, prospective, randomised clinical trial (2005)

Nilvadipine or amlodipine produced comparable effects on DBP and shared a similar adverse effect profile. A favourable effect on lipid profile was observed following nilvadipine treatment.
Experimental ResultsFrom Controlled Blade Tip/Shroud Rubs at EngineSpeed (2006)

Abstract Experimental results obtained for an Inconel® compressor blade rubbing a steel casing at engine speed are described. Load cell, strain gauge, and accelerometer measurements are discussed and then applied to analyze the metal-on-metal interaction resulting from sudden incursions of varying severity, defined by incursion depths ranging from 13μm to 762μm (0.0005in. to 0.030in.). The results presented describe the transient dynamics of rotor and casing vibro-impact response at engine operational speed similar to those experienced in flight. Force components at the blade tip in axial and circumferential directions for a rub of moderate incursion depth (140μm) are compared to those for a severe rub (406μm). Similar general trends of variation during the metal-to-metal contact are observed. However, in the nearly threefold higher incursion the maximum incurred circumferential load increases significantly, while the maximum incurred axial load increases much less, demonstrating the non-linear nature of the rub phenomena. Concurrently, the stress magnification on the rubbing blade at root mid-chord, at tip leading edge, and at tip trailing edge is discussed. The results point to the possibility of failure occurring first at the airfoil trailing edge. Such a failure was in fact observed in the most severe rub obtained to date in the laboratory, consistent with field observations. Computational models to analyze the non-linear dynamic response of a rotating beam with periodic pulse loading at the free-end are currently under development and are noted.
Recording technologies for terabit per square inch systems (2002)

It is believed that areal densities approaching one terabit per square inch will ultimately be achieved with conventional magnetic recording technology. Such densities require that very sharp transitions be written on well-defined extremely narrow tracks in a very finely grained thermally stable recording medium. These requirements drive the key characteristics and geometries of the read and write heads and of the recording medium itself. This paper re-examines several aspects of a proposed terabit per square inch recording system and discusses some of the critical technologies required to support such extreme areal densities. These include the necessity of very low magnetic spacing, the ability to fabricate very narrow-track write/read heads, and the need for exquisite track-following capability. One of the biggest challenges at these extreme areal densities will be to develop a recording system that can also deliver very high data rates.
Gel Chromatography Column Scanning (GCS) Method of Choice for Quality Control of<sup>99m</sup>Tc-Plasmin Preparations (1979)

Abstract Gel chromatography column scanning (GCS) is useful for testing compounds labelled with gamma-emitting radionuclides. The elution volume used in this technique is so small that no components of the sample are eluted from the column. In the radioactivity distribution of the sealed column various species are recorded in characteristic zones of the column. Plasmin labelled with 99mTc is used for scintigraphic detection of deep vein thrombosis. The quality of the 99mTc-plasmin preparation has been tested by various methods. The GCS method employing small columns offers a very fast testing procedure and adequate resolution for quality control in routine radiopharmaceutical work.
Pathological Outcomes of Candidates for Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer (2009)

Varying entry criteria for active surveillance show different rates of adverse pathological features at radical prostatectomy. Predictably fewer men met the more stringent criteria but these men had a lower incidence of seminal vesicle involvement and extracapsular extension. Such data can be used to advise men of the risks of active surveillance.
Color landmark based self-localization for indoor mobile robots (2003)

We present a simple artificial landmark model and a robust tracking algorithm for the navigation of indoor mobile robots. The landmark model is designed to have a three-dimensional structure consisting of a multi-colored planar pattern. A stochastic algorithm based on Condensation [1] tracks the landmark model robustly using the color distribution of the pattern. A new self-localization algorithm computes the location of robot with the tracked single landmark. Experimental results show that the proposed landmark model is eflective. Through extensive navigation experiments in a cluttered indoor environment, we demonstrate the feasibility of the single view based self-localization in real-time.
Ion binding and the formation of insoluble polymethacrylic salts (1960)

Abstract Aqueous solutions of polymethacrylic acid partially neutralized with NaOH to a given degree α were precipitated by CaCl 2 , BaCl 2 , or MgCl 2 in the presence of NaCl. The critical concentrations of the divalent cation at the precipitation point, determined nephelometrically, were found to be linear in the concentration of the total carboxylate neutralized by NaOH, at constant concentrations of total chloride ions and constant α. The linear relation can be interpreted in terms of “ion binding”: The slopes (divalent cation per carboxylate) represent the degree of cation binding, while the intercepts represent the “free cation.” At any given concentration of total chloride the precipitation occurs at a constant degree of binding, independently of the degree of neutralization with NaOH, α. This critical degree of binding, though, is a function of chloride concentration: as the concentration of total chloride is increased, precipitation occurs at lower cation binding, while the corresponding concentrations of the free cation increase. A “solubility product” relation was found to exist between the degree of neutralization α and the critical concentration γ 02 of the “free ions” extrapolated to zero concentration of chloride: γ 0 x α = const., independently of polymer concentration. The precipitation is therefore assumed to be due to intramolecular phase transition (precipitation) in a coiled‐up macromolecule. This is corroborated by observations on the electrophoresis and viscosity in these systems, as well as by previous data on gel systems.
Phosphorus Pentoxide in Organic Synthesis. XXX. New Synthesis of 4(3H)-Quinazolinones. (1987)

Synthese d'aryl-3 methyl-2 3H-quinazolones-4 par reaction du N-[cyano-2 phenyl] acetamide avec des derives d'aniline et un reactif a base de P 2 O 5 et de dimethyl cyclohexyl amine
Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL (2019)

Zanubrutinib is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). In this first-in-human, open-label, multicenter, phase 1 study, patients in part 1 (3 + 3 dose escalation) had relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies and received zanubrutinib 40, 80, 160, or 320 mg once daily or 160 mg twice daily. Part 2 (expansion) consisted of disease-specific cohorts, including treatment-naive or relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). The primary end points were safety and tolerability, and definition of the maximum tolerated dose (part 1). Additional end points included pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and preliminary efficacy. Reported herein are results from 144 patients enrolled in the dose-finding and CLL/SLL cohorts. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred in dose escalation. Median BTK occupancy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was >95% at all doses. Sustained complete (>95%) BTK occupancy in lymph node biopsy specimens was more frequent with 160 mg twice daily than 320 mg once daily (89% vs 50%; <i>P</i> = .0342). Consequently, 160 mg twice daily was selected for further investigation. With median follow-up of 13.7 months (range, 0.4-30.5 months), 89 CLL/SLL patients (94.7%) remain on study. Most toxicities were grade 1/2; neutropenia was the only grade 3/4 toxicity observed in >2 patients. One patient experienced a grade 3 subcutaneous hemorrhage. Among 78 efficacy-evaluable CLL/SLL patients, the overall response rate was 96.2% (95% confidence interval, 89.2-99.2). Estimated progression-free survival at 12 months was 100%. Zanubrutinib demonstrated encouraging activity in CLL/SLL patients, with a low incidence of major toxicities. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02343120.
Smaller Substituents on Nitrogen Facilitate the Osmium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation (1996)

All of the selectivity criteria for catalytic asymmetric aminohydroxylation with sulfonamides “Eq. (a)” are improved when the original nitrogen source, Chloramine-T, is replaced by its methyl analogue, Chloramine-M (1). This newly introduced reagent exhibits substantially higher ligand dependence, and for most substrates the desirable phenomenon of ligand-accelerated catalysis was observed. DHQ-H = dihydroquinine, PHAL = 1,3-phthalazinediyl.
Determination of the Functional Domain Organization of the Importin α Nuclear Import Factor (1998)

Although importin alpha (Imp alpha) has been shown to act as the receptor for basic nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and to mediate their recruitment to the importin beta nuclear import factor, little is known about the functional domains present in Imp alpha, with the exception that importin beta binding is known to map close to the Imp alpha NH2 terminus. Here, we demonstrate that sequences essential for binding to the CAS nuclear export factor are located near the Imp alpha COOH terminus and include a critical acidic motif. Although point mutations introduced into this acidic motif inactivated both CAS binding and Imp alpha nuclear export, a putative leucine-rich nuclear export signal proved to be neither necessary nor sufficient for Imp alpha nuclear export. Analysis of sequences within Imp alpha that bind to the SV-40 T antigen NLS or to the similar LEF-1 NLS revealed that both NLSs interact with a subset of the eight degenerate armadillo (Arm) repeats that form the central part of Imp alpha. However, these two NLS-binding sites showed only minimal overlap, thus suggesting that the degeneracy of the Arm repeat region of Imp alpha may serve to facilitate binding to similar but nonidentical basic NLSs. Importantly, the SV-40 T NLS proved able to specifically inhibit the interaction of Imp alpha with CAS in vitro, thus explaining why the SV-40 T NLS is unable to also function as a nuclear export signal.