gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of tissue culture procedures for predicting the individual risk of recurrence in bladder cancer. (1977)

We are using three correlated approaches in tissue culture to develop procedures for distinguishing between histologically similar tumors and to develop distinctions that we hope can be correlated with a favorable outcome or with recurrence of more serious disease. Our procedures involve study of the growth of resected tumor tissue in a three-dimensional matrix of collagen-coated cellulose sponge. Using bladder cancer cell lines we are also studying the patterns of cytotypic zonation that appear in response to prolonged exposure to continuous gradients of oxygen tension and of temperature. Finally, we are using vitamin A and modifiers of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate as molecular probes to alter the morphological expression of tumors in matrix and in gradient cultures. We have studied over 80 specimens of clinical cancer in matrix culture. Tumors of similar histopathology grow with distinctly different architecture in the matrix of collagen-coated sponge. We must now determine whether these patterns in vitro can be correlated with the course of individual patients.
Molecular responses of plants to an increased incidence of heat shock (1991)

Abstract. Climatic change as a result of the greenhouse effect is widely predicted to increase mean temperatures globally and, in turn, increase the frequency with which plants are exposed to heat shock conditions, particularly in the semi‐arid tropics. The consequences of extreme high‐temperature treatments on plants have been considered, particularly in relation to the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the capacity to acquire thermotolerance. The heat shock response is described using results obtained with seedlings of the tropical cereals, sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ). A gradual temperature increase, as would occur in the field, is sufficient to induce thermotolerance. The synthesis of HSPs is a transient phenomenon and ceases once the stress is released. Despite the persistence of the HSPs themselves, de novo synthesis of HSPs is required for the induction of thermotolerance each time high temperatures are encountered. The effect of a repeated, diurnal heat shock was investigated and genotypic differences found in the ability to induce the heat shock response repeatedly.
Gender differences in motivation and L2 accent attainment: an investigation of young Kurdish learners of Turkish (2010)

Although some earlier studies reported female and child superiority in learning a second language (L2), current research has been inconclusive as to whether, and why, this might be the case. Using a socio-cultural paradigm, this study addresses how motivation, gender and age relate to the attainment of a native-like accent for young Kurdish learners of Turkish. A mixed methodological design was used to collect data from 56 girls and 65 boys at middle and high schools. Results suggested that as the level of integrated orientation increased, accent ratings increased for all participants; introjection, however, was a significant negative predictor of accent native-likeness only for boys. Furthermore, integrated orientation was associated with accent native-likeness for both middle- and high-school students while introjection orientation was a significant negative predictor only for high-school students. Interpreting the qualitative data, the study also presents indicative evidence of the gendered forms of motivation and their relation to native-like accent attainment.
Calcium Diffusion along High‐Diffusivity Paths in Single‐Crystal MgO (1992)

The lattice and dislocation diffusion coefficients for Ca 2+ in single‐crystal MgO have been determined in the temperature range 1743 to 1293 K from the diffusion penetration determined using secondary ion mass spectrometry. The dislocation diffusion coefficients were 4 to 5 orders of magnitude larger than the lattice diffusion coefficients in the same temperature range. The activation energy of Ca 2+ lattice diffusion was comparable to that of ionic conductivity. The diffusion mechanism of Ca 2+ is related to Mg vacancies.
Collaborative audio enhancement using probabilistic latent component sharing (2013)

This paper presents a collaborative audio enhancement system that aims to recover common audio sources from multiple recordings of a given audio scene. We do so in the context where each recording is uniquely corrupted. To this end, we propose a method of simultaneous probabilistic latent component analyses on synchronized inputs. In the proposed model, some of the parameters are fixed to be same during and after the learning process to capture common audio content while the rest models unwanted recording-specific interferences and artifacts. Our model also allows for prior knowledge about the parameters of the model, e.g. representative spectra of the components, to be incorporated in the factorization. A post processing scheme that consolidates the extracted sources from the set of inputs is also proposed to handle the possible loss of certain frequency regions. Experiments on commercial music signals with various artifacts show the merit of the proposed method.
Improving the thermostability of Bacillus stearothermophilus neutral protease by introducing proline into the active site helix (1997)

A proline residue was introduced into the N-terminus (Ile140 and Asp141), the middle (Leu147) and the C-terminus (Asp153) of the active site helix of Bacillus stearothermophilus neutral protease for comparing the effects on the thermostability. Introduction of a proline residue into the N-terminus at sites 140 and 141 increased the half-survival temperature (HST) by 7.5 and 2.8 degrees C, respectively, from 68.3 degrees C of the wild-type enzyme. A proline residue at Leu147 decreased the HST by 10.2 degrees C, while no change was observed by introducing a proline residue in the C-terminus. These results were coincidental with the CD data which indicated increases in Tm values of 4.4 and 2.3 degrees C for I140P and D141P, respectively. Susceptibility to alpha-chymotrypsin hydrolysis markedly decreased in mutants I140P and D141P, while increasing in L147P. Molecular modeling suggested that glycine residues on the N-terminus side of proline residues in I140P and D141P relaxed the possible strain caused by proline introduction. The thermostability can, therefore, be explained based on changes in the molecular rigidity.
Decade Bandwidth FET Functions (2005)

Decade bandwidth FET functions have been designed, using an analytical approach followed by a computer optimization. Two experimental functions have been built using commercially available FETS : - a YIG tuned oscillator monotonically tunable from 2 to 20 GHz with 1 mW minimum output power. - an ultrabroadband amplifier covering the frequency range from 150 MHz to 16 GHz with 12 dB flat gain and a V.S.W.R lower than 2.5.
<i>Cryptotrichosporon anacardii</i>gen. nov., sp. nov., a new trichosporonoid capsulate basidiomycetous yeast from Nigeria that is able to form melanin on niger seed agar (2006)

Five yeast isolates obtained from cashew tree flowers in Nigeria resembled Cryptococcus neoformans phenotypically by producing brown pigmented colonies on niger seed agar, expressing a capsule, and being able to grow at 37 degrees C. However, rRNA gene sequences, including the 18S rRNA gene, the D1/D2 domains of the 26S rRNA gene and the ITS1+2 regions, suggested that these yeasts form a basal lineage within the Trichosporonales (Tremellomycetidae, Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi). Since the isolates could not be identified with any known genus and species within the Trichosporonales, we describe them as Cryptotrichosporon anacardii gen. et sp. nov. with CBS 9551(T) (=NRRL Y-27671) as the type strain. The taxonomic conflict between phenetic and molecular classification schemes within this group of fungi is discussed, and is resolved in favor of the latter.
Functional role of melanoma inhibitory activity in regulating invasion and metastasis of malignant melanoma cells in vivo (2001)

MIA (melanoma inhibitory activity) has been previously isolated from the tissue culture supernatant of melanoma cell lines as an autoregulatory activity, inhibiting thymidine incorporation. However, subsequent analyses of melanocytic tumours in vivo have correlated enhanced MIA expression with progression of melanocytic tumours, conflicting with the idea that MIA acts as a tumour suppressor. To investigate the role of MIA in vivo, we have therefore generated a panel of stably transfected B16 cell clones secreting different amounts of MIA. The capacity of these cell clones to form lung metastases in syngeneic C57Bl6 mice was strictly correlated to the level of MIA secretion, but the clones did not differ with respect to their proliferation in vitro. In summary, we suggest that MIA plays a causal role in promoting the metastasis of malignant melanomas, involving inhibition of tumour cell attachment to extracellular matrix molecules within their local milieu.
A Regiospecific Photoreaction for Synthesis of 3-Phenylpyridines (1983)

Abstract The regiospecific photocoupling of 3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,1-rdimethylurea with pyridine to afford 3-(4-dimethyl-ureidophenyl)pyridine was used to develop a synthetic scheme for the preparation of 3-phenylpyridine.
The effects of diphosphonates on the growth and glycolysis of connective-tissue cells in culture (1978)

1. The effects of two diphosphonates (compounds containing a P-C-P bond), disodium dichloromethanediphosphonate and disodium 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate, on the metabolism of cultured rat calvaria cells, rabbit ear cartilage cells and rat skin fibroblasts were investigated. 2. The diphosphonates had no effect on the growth of cartilage cells and on the exponential growth of the calvaria cells and the fibroblasts. However, dichloromethanediphosphonate stopped the growth of the calvaria cells and the fibroblasts after the beginning of confluence, whereas the untreated cells were still growing to a certain extent. This inhibition was dose-dependent. After the drug was withdrawn, the cells recovered slowly. 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate had no detectable effect on the growth of any of the cell types studied. Both diphosphonates decreased the cloning efficiency of calvaria cells and fibroblasts. 3. The K+ content of cartilage, calvaria and skin cells was diminished only by the highest (0.25 mM) concentration of dichloromethanediphosphonate. 4. Radioactive dichloromethanediphosphonate and 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate were taken up linearly with time for at least 48 h by calvaria cells and fibroblasts. The diphosphonate concentration in the cells depended on its concentration in the medium. 5. Both diphosphonates, in a dose-dependent fashion, markedly inhibited glycolysis, dichloromethanediphosphonate being more effective than 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate, at drug doses that had no effect on cell growth or cellular K+ content. Calvaria cells were much more sensitive than cartilage cells. When cartilage cells were cultured in an N2 atmosphere, these effects on glucose and lactate metabolism disappeared. 6. As increased acid production appears to be associated with resorption of bone, this decrease in lactate may explain why diphosphonates are effective inhibitors of bone resorption in vivo.
Purchasing Policy Advice: The Limits to Contracting Out (1994)

Throughout the OECD, governments have been contracting out an increasing range of goods and services. Against this background, this article outlines the case for, and assesses the merits of, placing the purchase of governmental policy advice on a more competitive basis. Two options are given particular attention: first, the creation of an internal market for policy advice within the public sector under which departments and other government agencies would tender to supply specific policy outputs; and second, a more radical option under which public and private sector organizations would compete for the contracts to supply governmental policy advice. Drawing on the insights of the new institutional economics, it is argued that neither option is likely to enhance the efficiency or effectiveness with which policy advice is produced, whether under conditions of short‐term or long‐term contracting. This is due to the likelihood of: only partial contestability (due, among other things, to asset specificity in the form of transaction‐specific expertise and trust); a greater risk of opportunistic behavior by the suppliers of advice (and also, under some conditions, by the purchasers); higher agency costs and transaction costs; and greater problems with respect to horizontal and vertical policy coordination. Such considerations suggest that the widespread reliance of governments on relatively permanent advisory institutions and in‐house expertise can be explained and justified on the same theoretical grounds that have prompted the contracting out of other publicly‐funded goods and services.
Epitaxial CaF2 on GaAs(100) after ambient transfer with arsenic overlayer (1987)

By using an amorphous overlayer of arsenic, it is shown that a GaAs(100) wafer, with a layer of GaAs grown on it by molecular-beam epitaxy, can be satisfactorily transferred in the laboratory atmosphere from one ultrahigh vacuum chamber to another. The clean GaAs(100) surface is retrieved in the second chamber by low-temperature (350 °C) evaporation of the arsenic overlayer. An epitaxial layer of CaF2 was grown successfully on a smooth GaAs surface retrieved in this manner. This technique offers an opportunity to investigate GaAs/epifluoride/GaAs structures by transferring samples between the GaAs growth chamber and the fluoride growth chamber without subjecting them to a higher temperature (600 °C) cleaning process.
Acute Single Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Study of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Refractory Epilepsy (2000)

VNS induces rCBF changes immediately after initial stimulation that can be studied with SPECT. VNS-induced changes in the thalamus may play an important role in suppression of seizures. However, no significant relation between the level of hypoperfusion and subsequent clinical efficacy was found.
<title>Content-based retrieval using fuzzy interactive and competitive neural networks</title> (1995)

It is a challenging issue to provide a user-friendly means to retrieve information from a very large database when the user cannot clearly define what the information must be. To find images which are most relevant to the given description, we proposed a Fuzzy Interactive Activation and Competitive (FIAC) neural network model. There are two layers of units in a FIAC: concept layer and example layer. The example layer stores data and feature measures of images while the concept layer represents the attributes of the images. The links between the concept units and the example units are fully connected and bidirectional-directional with different link function for each direction. To ensure best matches, inhibitory links are created among example units and among conceptual units in the same pool. When a query is defined by specifying truth values for a set of concept units, the neural network will run for a given number of cycles and the images relevant to those fuzzy subsets will have the maximum activation. The FIAC neural net for retrieval has been tested for face images, and produced very promising results.
Inhibition of lysosomal phospholipase A and phospholipase C by chloroquine and 4,4'-bis(diethylaminoethoxy) alpha, beta-diethyldiphenylethane. (1980)

The administration of 4,4’-bis(~e~yl~noethoxy)e,@liethyldiphenylethane to mau or animals causes phospho~pid storage in liver, spleen, and other body tissues. Chloroquine has also been shown to cause phospho~pid storage in animal tissues. In a previous study of drug-induced lipidosis in rat liver, we found that the lysosomal fraction is the intracelhrlar site of the stored phospholipid and that it contains most of tbe ehloroquine or 4,4’-bis(diethylaminoethoxyh@diethyldiphenylethane (Matsuzawa, Y., aud Hostetler, K. Y. (1980) 4 Lipid Res. 21,202-214). In this paper, we have examined the effect of these cationic ampbiphilic agents on a soluble delipidated preparation from rat liver lysosomes which contains phospholipase A and C activity. Our data show that &loroquine and 4,4’-bis(~ethyl~inoetho~)a,~-~ethyldiphenylethane are potent inhibitors of lysosomal phospbo~pase A and C activities. However, these agents do not cause substantial iuhibition of the lysosomal phospholipase A wbieh catalyzes the trausaeylation step in the synthesis of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, a lysosomal marker lipid which is greatly increased in this drug-induced phosphoiipidosis. The inhibition of lysosomal phospholipases A and C is reversible siuce full activity can be restored by dialysis or desalting. The mechanism of iuhibition of lysosomal phospholipases A and C by these drugs is as yet unknown and will require purification of the respective enzymes. However, our experiments clearly demonstrate direct inhibition of iysosomal phospholipases A and C chloroquine and 4,4’-bis(~ethyl~noethoxy)a,#&diethyldiphenylethane and suggest that it may be a major factor in the biochemical pathogenesis of drug-induced phospholipidosis.
Laser-line rejection or transmission filters based on surface structures built on infrared transmitting materials (2005)

Night vision and related thermal imaging systems play a critical role in the protection of our nation's security. These systems record images using video cameras designed for operation in the infrared (IR) region of the light spectrum. As with any imaging system, increased functionality and new information is gained when discrete portions of the observed light spectrum are analyzed separately using optical filters. Highly discriminating filters are needed to increase the sensitivity of atmospheric chemical sensors, to enable multi-spectral imaging and secure laser communications links, and to protect imaging systems from damage due to attack by high power laser weapons. Today, the performance of IR light filters is inadequate for many applications. Filters capable of efficient rejection of multiple discrete wavelength bands, combined with high transmission for wavelengths outside the rejection bands, do not exist. A new type of narrow-band optical filter capable of protecting critical imaging systems from attack from laser weapons operating at multiple wavelengths, is being developed. Based on rugged surface-structure wave-guide resonant holograms, the new filters will be capable of rejecting better than 99% of IR light within each notch, while maintaining the same level of transmission outside each notch covering a broad range of the IR spectrum. The theory, design and fabrication of surface structure, laser-line rejection and transmission filters built upon infrared transmitting materials, will be described. Optical performance data for prototype structures will be presented.
Oligo(<i>p</i>‐phenylene ethynylene)–BODIPY Derivatives: Synthesis, Energy Transfer, and Quantum‐Chemical Calculations (2011)

The synthesis and energy-transfer properties of a series of oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene)-BODIPY (OPEB) cassettes are reported. A series of oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) with different conjugated chain lengths as energy donor subunit in the energy-transfer system were capped at both ends with BODIPY chromophores as energy-acceptor subunits. The effect of the conjugated chain of OPEs on energy transfer in the OPEB cassettes was investigated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and modeling. With increasing number n of phenyl acetylene units (n=1-7), the absorption and emission maxima of OPEn are bathochromically shifted. In the OPEBn analogues, the absorption maximum assigned to the BODIPY moieties is independent of the length of the OPE spacer. However, the relative absorption intensity of the BODIPY band decreases when the number of phenyl acetylene units is increased. The emission spectra of OPEBn are dominated by a band peaking at 613 nm, corresponding to emission of the BODIPY moieties, regardless of whether excitation is at 420 or 550 nm. Furthermore, a very small band is observed with a maximum between 450 and 500 nm, and its intensity relative to that of the BODIPY emission increases with increasing n, that is, the excited state of OPE subunits is efficiently quenched in OPEBn by energy transfer to the BODIPY moieties. Energy transfer (ET) from OPEn to BODIPY in OPEBn is very efficient (all Φ(ET) values are greater than 98 %) and only slightly decreases with increasing length of the OPE units. These results are supported by theoretical studies that show very high energy transfer efficiency (Φ(ET) >75 %) from the OPE spacer to the BODIPY end-groups for chains with up to 15-20 units.
Generation of Synthetic CT Images From MRI for Treatment Planning and Patient Positioning Using a 3-Channel U-Net Trained on Sagittal Images (2019)

A novel deep learning architecture was explored to create synthetic CT (MRCT) images that preserve soft tissue contrast necessary for support of patient positioning in Radiation therapy. A U-Net architecture was applied to learn the correspondence between input T1-weighted MRI and spatially aligned corresponding CT images. The network was trained on sagittal images, taking advantage of the left-right symmetry of the brain to increase the amount of training data for similar anatomic positions. The output CT images were divided into three channels, representing Hounsfield Unit (HU) ranges of voxels containing air, soft tissue, and bone, respectively, and simultaneously trained using a combined Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss function equally weighted for each channel. Training on 9192 image pairs yielded resulting synthetic CT images on 13 test patients with MAE of 17.6+/-3.4 HU (range 14-26.5 HU) in soft tissue. Varying the amount of training data demonstrated a general decrease in MAE values with more data, with the lack of a plateau indicating that additional training data could further improve correspondence between MRCT and CT tissue intensities. Treatment plans optimized on MRCT-derived density grids using this network for 7 radiosurgical targets had doses recalculated using the corresponding CT-derived density grids, yielding a systematic mean target dose difference of 2.3% due to the lack of the immobilization mask on the MRCT images, and a standard deviation of 0.1%, indicating the consistency of this correctable difference. Alignment of MRCT and cone beam CT (CBCT) images used for patient positioning demonstrated excellent preservation of dominant soft tissue features, and alignment comparisons of treatment planning CT scans to CBCT images vs. MRCT to CBCT alignment demonstrated differences of -0.1 (σ 0.2) mm, -0.1 (σ 0.3) mm, and -0.2 (σ 0.3) mm about the left-right, anterior-posterior and cranial-caudal axes, respectively.
Analysis of heart rate variability by Pisarenko harmonic decomposition (2002)

The Pisarenko harmonic decomposition method for retrieving harmonies from a covariance function was used to analyse the heart rate variability signal. The study was conducted in order to evaluate the autonomic response to the hemodialysis treatment in two groups of hemodynamically-stable and unstable patients, comparing the frequency of the main oscillation embedded in the heart rate variability signals. The two groups resulted clearly separated by the value of this frequency: stable patients exhibited a frequency ranging in the LF band, whereas the unstable had a frequency lying in the HF band. This result is in accordance with those of the autoregressive spectral analysis, indicating a reduced sympathetic activation in hypotension-prone patients.