gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-Phase Synthesis of <i>N</i>Me-IB-01212, a Highly <i>N</i>-Methylated Cyclic Peptide (2011)

N-Methylation of peptides is an important synthetic tool in peptide-based medicinal chemistry. Herein, an optimized strategy for solid-phase synthesis of small but highly N-methylated cyclic peptides is described. The proposed route addresses several problems associated with the synthesis of peptides containing several sequential N-methyl-amino acids, such as in situ N-methylation, difficulty of acylation, epimerization, diketopiperazine formation, and stability at the NMe sites under trifluoroacetic acid exposure. The resulting NMe-IB-01212 exhibits micromolar activity and considerable stability.
Warm Sheet Metal Forming with Localized In-Tool Induction Heating (2005)

The increasing use of light metals and high strength steel in the automobile industry, demands for new sheet metal forming processes that can be applied successfully. In this thesis the subject of warm sheet metal forming is studied. In warm sheet metal forming the temperature of the blank is elevated either globally to one temperature evenly over the blank or locally where the flange region of the blank is given a higher temperature. A survey of existing knowledge on the subject shows that the formability can be improved remarkably. This is especially true for the deep drawing of aluminium alloys and magnesium alloys. Other benefits can also be found like the elimination of stretcher-strain marks, which can be found on certain aluminium alloys, and reduction of springback. The temperature of the blank is usually elevated by using heated tools that warm the blank through conduction. The tools are usually heated by utilizing electrical resistance heaters inserted at different locations into the tool. If the flange region is to be given a higher temperature the use of a heated blank holder and die can be used in conjunction with a cooled punch. In the thesis a new heating process is described called Localized In-Tool Induction Heating. The process integrates induction heating into the forming tool in such a way that a locally heated blank can be obtained. A short pre-heating time can then be followed by continual heating during the stroke. Since the blank is warmed, without heating the different parts of the tool, a fast and efficient process can be expected. A case study has been conducted where the manufacturing performance of Warm Sheet Metal Forming with Localized In-Tool Induction Heating has been compared with traditional sheet metal forming of a car trunk lid in aluminium. In the thesis it is concluded that warm sheet metal forming has a great potential, but the processes used must be further developed to meet production demands. A new process has been introduced and future research will further develop the process.
Characterization of an Endo-[beta]-1,4-Glucanase Gene Induced by Auxin in Elongating Pea Epicotyls (1996)

A gene (EGL1) encoding an endo-beta-1,4-D-glucanase (EGase, EC 3.2.1.4) of pea (Pisum sativum) has been cloned and characterized. EGL1 encodes a 486-amino acid polypeptide, including a 24-mer putative signal peptide. The mature protein has a calculated molecular mass of 51.3 kD and an isoelectric point of 9.1. This pea EGase shares significant similarity with EGases from other plant species, but it appears to be distinct from the EGases associated with abscission and fruit ripening. Although EGL1 transcripts are detected in all parts of pea plants, they are relatively abundant in flowers and young pods undergoing rapid growth and most abundant in elongating epicotyls of etiolated seedlings. When epicotyl segments (6 mm long, 4 mm from the apical hook) are incubated in a 5 microM solution of the synthetic auxin analog 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, the concentration of EGL1 mRNA increases about 10-fold when the segments elongate most rapidly.
Antitumor activity of endostatin against carcinogen-induced rat primary mammary tumors. (2000)

Endostatin, a Mr 20,000 fragment of collagen XVIII, potently inhibits the growth of experimental tumors implanted in mice. Here we report the cloning, expression, and antitumor activity of the rat form of endostatin. When tested on breast carcinomas arising in female virgin rats after intragastric administration of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA), endostatin induced significant inhibition of mammary tumor growth in all of the treated rats during a 4-week treatment period without signs of systemic toxicity. Interestingly, this arrest of tumor growth persisted throughout a four-week off-therapy period. Moreover, endostatin was effective in counteracting the development of multiple primary tumors. These results confirm that rat endostatin is a potent anticancer agent in a carcinogen-induced, spontaneously arising rat breast cancer model. It not only stops the growth of existing tumors but also decreases the incidence of the development of multiple neoplastic lesions.
A Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Sensor for Simultaneous AC Current and Temperature Measurement (2006)

In this paper, a sensor that is capable of measuring both ac current and temperature using a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is described. The device consists of a magnetically biased magnetostrictive alloy bonded to an FBG. The magnetic field generated by the current in a specially designed coil produces internal strains in the magnetostrictive alloy which can be detected by the FBG. The temperature at the sensing point is determined through averaging of the sensor output signal. The measurement range of the sensor can be varied by altering the design of the sensor coil. A prototype sensor that is capable of measuring ac currents up to 1 A has been constructed while simultaneously measuring temperatures of up to 100 degC
IP Authentication using Keyed SHA (1995)

an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community. This does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
Generation of Human CD40-activated B cells (2009)

CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B cells) have been identified as an alternative source of immuno-stimulatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) for cancer immunotherapy. Compared to Dendritic cells (DCs), the best characterized APC, CD40-B cells have several distinct biological and technical properties. Similar to DCs, B cells show an increased expression of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules (Fig.1b), exhibit a strong migratory capacity and present antigen presentation efficiently to T cells, after stimulation with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand (CD40L). However, in contrast to immature or mature DCs, CD40-B cells express the full lymph node homing triad consisting of CD62L, CCR7/CXCR4, and leukocyte function antigen-1 (LFA1, CD11a/CD18), necessary for homing to secondary lymphoid organs (Fig.1a). CD40-B cells can be generated without difficulties from very small amounts of peripheral blood which can be further expanded in vitro to very large amounts of highly-pure CD40-B cells (>10(9) cells per patient) from healthy donors as well as cancer patients (Fig.1c,d). In this protocol we demonstrate how to obtain fully activated CD40-B cells from human PBMC. Key molecules for the cell culture are CD40 ligand, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and cyclosporin A (CsA), which are replenished in a 3-4 day culture cycle. For laboratory purposes CD40-stimulation is provided by NIH/3T3 cells expressing recombinant human CD40 ligand (tCD40L NIH/3T3). To avoid contamination with non-transfected cells, expression of the human CD40 ligand on the transfectants has to be checked regularly (Fig.2). After 14 days CD40-B cell cultures consist of more than 95% pure B cells and an expansion of CD40-B cells over 65 days is frequently possible without any loss of function. CD40-B cells efficiently take up, process and present antigens to T cells. They do not only prime naïve, but also expand memory T cells. CD40-activated B cells can be used to study B-cell activation, differentiation and function. Moreover, they represent a promising tool for therapeutic or preventive vaccination against tumors.
Inductance modeling for a mode-2 perforated-plate matrix inductor/transformer (2002)

The problem of finding the inductance of a conductor that is woven through holes in a flat plate of magnetic material is addressed. The unusual geometry is attractive for the construction of low-profile inductors and transformers for switched-mode power converters. The presence of magnetic material in the winding window makes it difficult to calculate inductance. Conventional methods may underestimate the inductance of the new devices by as much as 50%. Finite-element simulation provides guidance for physical modeling of these geometries. An analytical approach is presented with expressions which are compared with finite-element solutions and verified by experiment. The analysis suggests design guidelines for practical applications of perforated-plate magnetic devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Overview of Fly Height Control Applications in Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (2007)

The ability to control head-to-media spacing through a heating element has many technical implications. Properly applying this capability can significantly improve bit error rate (BER) performance in perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR). It also calls for the development of techniques associated with clearance control. A good touchdown detection method and an accurate measurement of spacing change are essential for proper clearance control. This paper analyzes the potential performance improvement through the application of clearance reduction during writing and reading. Touchdown detection methods and spacing calculation accuracy will also be analyzed
Performance analysis of intelligent relaying in UTRA TDD (2003)

This paper concerns the analysis of intelligent relaying (IR), a technique to extend the capabilities of an UTRA TDD system by enabling terminals to receive and retransmit data on behalf of other mobiles. This relaying may be enabled in all mobile units, or restricted to dedicated equipment deployed by a network operator. The aims are to reduce power by breaking down the path between mobile and base station into a number of shorter hops and to extend coverage into regions shadowed from direct base station coverage. The potential benefits depend on the efficiency of the resource allocation algorithm in coping with multiple access interference, and so a simulation tool has been developed to analyse the performance of IR. Results show that IR can provide benefits in the case where base stations are sparsely deployed and also offers power reduction compared to a conventional TD/CDMA scheme under conditions of light call loading.
Association Between Serum Free Thyroxine Concentration and Atrial Fibrillation (2007)

The biochemical finding of subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with AF on resting electrocardiogram. Even in euthyroid subjects with normal serum TSH levels, serum free T(4) concentration is independently associated with AF.
Point-to-point and multi-user communication based on chaotic sequences (2002)

A new communication technique based on the utilisation off synthetic chaos is described. This spread spectrum communication regime is enabled through the use of pseudonoise (PN) sequences, also referred to as direct sequences (DS). Attention is given to both point-to-point and multi-user communication. It is demonstrated that direct modulation of a modified logistic mapping can be used to achieve orthogonality among the users. Furthermore it is illustrated that the user-to-user isolation can be improved by the proper selection of the mapping parameters. The resulting communication regime promises to accommodate more users than the direct sequence CDMA regime.
Mass Spectrometry: Pharmaceutical Sciences (1995)

Introduction Historical Background Mass spectrometry (MS), an indispensable tool for structural and quantitative analyses, is used by many scientific disciplines in academic, government, and industrial laboratories. It had its origins in the early part of the 20th century, where it developed from studies on electrical discharges at low pressures. The forerunner of the modern mass spectrometer was built in 1911 by J. J. Thomson. Improved instruments were introduced in about 1920 by Aston and Dempster.
A New Technique for Digital Fluoroscopic Video Assessment of Sagittal Plane Lumbar Spine Motion (2005)

Enhanced DFV combined with a DCRA resulted in reliable assessment of lumbar spine kinematics. The error values associated with this technique were low and were comparable to published error measurements obtained when using a similar algorithm on hand-drawn outlines from static radiographs.
RGTO: a new technique for preparing SnO/sub 2/ sputtered thin film as gas sensors (2002)

A technique for the preparation of SnO/sub 2/ thin films by means of RF magnetron sputtering is presented. This technique, rheotaxial growth and thermal oxidation (RGTO), makes it possible to obtain thin films formed by polycrystalline grains, connected by necks and with high surface areas. SnO/sub 2/ thin films grown with this method and 300 nm thick show high sensitivity to such gases as H/sub 2/, C/sub 4/H/sub 10/, and C/sub 2/H/sub 5/OH. SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis shows that these films are formed by grains with a diameter of 500-1500 mm which are randomly connected. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis shows that the SnO/sub 2/ thin films are preferentially oriented in the
Characterization of Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetric Electrodes Using Paraffin as an Effective Sealant with In Vitro and In Vivo Applications (2015)

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a powerful technique for measuring sub-second changes in neurotransmitter levels. A great time-limiting factor in the use of FSCV is the production of high-quality recording electrodes; common recording electrodes consist of cylindrical carbon fiber encased in borosilicate glass. When the borosilicate is heated and pulled, the molten glass ideally forms a tight seal around the carbon fiber cylinder. It is often difficult, however, to guarantee a perfect seal between the glass and carbon. Indeed, much of the time spent creating electrodes is in an effort to find a good seal. Even though epoxy resins can be useful in this regard, they are irreversible (seals are permanent), wasteful (epoxy cannot be reused once hardener is added), hazardous (hardeners are often caustic), and require curing. Herein we characterize paraffin as an electrode sealant for FSCV microelectrodes. Paraffin boasts the advantages of near-immediate curing times, simplicity in use, long shelf-life and stable waterproof seals capable of withstanding extended cycling. Borosilicate electrode tips were left intact or broken and dipped in paraffin embedding wax. Excess wax was removed from the carbon surface with xyelenes or by repeated cycling at an extended waveform (-0.4 to 1.4V, 400 V/s, 60 Hz). Then, the waveform was switched to a standard waveform (-0.4 to 1.3V, 400 V/s, 10 Hz) and cycled until stable. Wax-sealing does not inhibit electrode sensitivity, as electrodes detected linear changes in dopamine before and after wax (then xylenes) exposure. Paraffin seals are intact after 11 days of implantation in the mouse, and still capable of measuring transient changes in in vivo dopamine. From this it is clear that paraffin wax is an effective sealant for FSCV electrodes that provides a convenient substitute to epoxy sealants.
Magnitude and orientation dependence of intermolecular interaction of perfluoropropane dimer studied by high-level <i>ab initio</i> calculations: Comparison with propane dimer (2004)

Intermolecular interaction energies of 12 orientations of C(3)F(8) dimers were calculated with electron correlation correction by the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation method. The antiparallel C(2h) dimer has the largest interaction energy (-1.45 kcal/mol). Electron correlation correction increases the attraction considerably. Electrostatic energy is not large. Dispersion is mainly responsible for the attraction. Orientation dependence of the interaction energy of the C(3)F(8) dimer is substantially smaller than that of the C(3)H(8) dimer. The calculated interaction energy of the C(3)F(8) dimer at the potential minimum is 78% of that of the C(3)H(8) dimer (-1.85 kcal/mol), whereas the interaction energies of the CF(4) and C(2)F(6) dimers are larger than those of the CH(4) and C(2)H(6) dimers. The intermolecular separation in the C(3)F(8) dimer at the potential minimum is substantially larger than that in the C(3)H(8) dimer. The larger intermolecular separation due to the steric repulsion between fluorine atoms is the cause of the smaller interaction energy of the C(3)F(8) dimer at the potential minimum. The calculated intermolecular interaction energy potentials of the C(3)F(8) dimers using an all atom model OPLS-AA (OPLS all atom model) force field and a united atom model force field were compared with the ab initio calculations. Although the two force fields well reproduces the experimental vapor and liquid properties of perfluoroalkenes, the comparison shows that the united atom model underestimates the potential depth and orientation dependence of the interaction energy. The potentials obtained by the OPLS-AA force field are close to those obtained by the ab initio calculations.
[Culture of human epidermal stem cells in different media and their biological characteristics]. (2005)

The above results demonstrate that the media with bFGF and the use of nutrient layer were appropriate to culture epidermal stem cell in vitro. And the epidermal stem cells have a slow cell cycle, characteristics of immaturity.
Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes for high-efficacy long-lifetime solid-state lighting (2012)

We report data for a pair of singlestack all-phosphorescent 15×15 cm2 organic light emitting-diode (OLED) light panels with high efficacy, long lifetime, and very low operating temperature: Panel 1 has 62 lm/W efficacy, CRI = 81 and lifetime to LT70 = 18,000 h at 1000 cd/m2, while Panel 2 has 58 lm/W efficacy, CRI = 82 and lifetime to LT70 = 30,000 h at 1000 cd/m2. Operating at a higher luminance of 3000 cd/m2, Panel 2 has 49 lm/W efficacy with lifetime to LT70 = 4000 h. Excellent panel lifetime is enabled by a stable light blue phosphorescent materials system. Panel temperatures are within 10°C of ambient temperature at 3000 cd/m2. Panel 2 was further used as a building block to demonstrate an all-phosphorescent OLED luminaire for under-cabinet lighting applications. Operating at approximately 3000 cd/m2, the luminaire delivers 570 lm with 52 lm/W total system efficacy, CRI = 86 and CCT = 2940 K.
Optimization based bidding strategies in the deregulated market (2003)

With the deregulation of electric power systems, market participants are facing an important task of bidding energy to an independent system operator (ISO). This paper presents a model and a method for optimization-based bidding and self-scheduling where a utility bids part of its energy and self-schedules the rest as in New England. The model considers ISO bid selections and uncertain bidding information of other market participants. With appropriately simplified bidding and ISO models, closed-form ISO solutions are first obtained. These solutions are then plugged into the utility's bidding and self-scheduling model which is solved by using Lagrangian relaxation. Testing results show that the method effectively solves the problem with reasonable amount of CPU time.
<title>157-nm laser-induced modification of fused-silica glasses</title> (2001)

Bulk laser modification is reported for hydroxyl (OH), chlorine (Cl) and fluorine (F) containing fused-silica glasses irradiated with 157-nm F<SUB>2</SUB>-laser light. We detail the effects of OH, Cl and F concentration, as well as hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>) loading, on compaction, refractive-index change, and color-center formation. Volume gratings formed with several tens of kJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> fluence yielded surface-relief gratings of several tens of nm amplitude and bulk refractive-index changes of nearly 10<SUP>-3</SUP> in both OH- and Cl-content glasses that were pre-soaked in high-pressure hydrogen. H<SUB>2</SUB>-loading offered an approximate 2-fold increase in 157-nm glass photosensitivity, and also increased the 157-nm material absorption by several factors during the exposure. In contrast, F-doped glass did not offer a measurable 157-nm photosensitivity, and the 157-nm absorption showed a surprising order-of-magnitude drop following an approximate 10-kJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> laser dose.
Characteristics of Amyloid-Related Oligomers Revealed by Crystal Structures of Macrocyclic β-Sheet Mimics (2011)

Protein amyloid oligomers have been strongly linked to amyloid diseases and can be intermediates to amyloid fibers. β-Sheets have been identified in amyloid oligomers. However, because of their transient and highly polymorphic properties, the details of their self-association remain elusive. Here we explore oligomer structure using a model system: macrocyclic peptides. Key amyloidogenic sequences from Aβ and tau were incorporated into macrocycles, thereby restraining them to β-strands, but limiting the growth of the oligomers so they may crystallize and cannot fibrillate. We determined the atomic structures for four such oligomers, and all four reveal tetrameric interfaces in which β-sheet dimers pair together by highly complementary, dry interfaces, analogous to steric zippers found in fibers, suggesting a common structure for amyloid oligomers and fibers. In amyloid fibers, the axes of the paired sheets are either parallel or antiparallel, whereas the oligomeric interfaces display a variety of sheet-to-sheet pairing angles, offering a structural explanation for the heterogeneity of amyloid oligomers.
GSTA1 Expression Is Correlated With Aldosterone Level in KCNJ5-Mutated Adrenal Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma (2017)

(1) GSTA1 expression is reversely correlated with aldosterone level in KCNJ5-mutated APAs, (2) GSTA1 regulates aldosterone secretion by ROS and Ca2+ signaling, and (3) KCNJ5 mutation downregulates GSTA1 expression, and overexpression of GSTA1 reverses increased aldosterone in KCNJ5-mutated adrenal cells.
Morpholinomethyl Derivatives of Urea and Substituted Ureas<sup>1</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMorpholinomethyl Derivatives of Urea and Substituted Ureas1Welcome I. Weaver, J. K. Simons, and Wilmer E. BaldwinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 2, 222–225Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01230a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01230a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts