gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sodium Chloride Concentration on Firmness Retention of Cucumbers Fermented and Stored with Calcium Chloride (1987)

ABSTRACT The firmness of cucumbers brined at 0.2% CaCl 2 was retained during fermentation (1 month) and storage (12 months) when 2.6, 4.2 or 5.8% NaCl also was present. Firmness retention was not improved (P≥0.05) during storage by increase in NaCl concentration to 11.9% after fermentation. In the absence of added NaCI, cucumbers were firm after fermentation, but firmness was reduced during storage to 69% of initial for whole cucumbers, 64% for mesocarp tissue, and 32% for endocarp tissue. Addition of uncharacterized softening enzymes. extracted from debris collected at a cucumber grading operation, resulted in softening of cucumbers brined at 1.8% NaCl in the absence of added CaC1 2 . Addition of CaCl 2 reduced but did not eliminate softening by ths extract. Results indicated that the firmness of brined cucumbers could be retained at appreciably lower NaCl concentrations than those traditionally used but that the lower limit of NaCl required to prevent softening by possible contaminating enzymes is yet to be established.
Voice over IP signaling: H.323 and beyond (2000)

Signaling has been one of the key areas of Voice over IP (VoIP) technologies since inception. H.323 was the key protocol that allowed interoperability of VoIP products and moved the industry away from the initial proprietary solutions. Once the VoIP industry started maturing, some limitations of H.323 came to light. In this article we provide an overview of H.323, describe its capabilities, and discuss how its limitations are being addressed using the concept of gateway decomposition. We also discuss how H.323 can coexist with other protocols such as MGCP, H.248, and SIP which are attracting a lot of interest in the VoIP industry today.
Link Parameters Bundling across Multiple Component Carriers in LTE-A Uplink (2010)

A multiple component carrier (CC) solution has been agreed as the underlying structure of the Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-A) systems, which are currently being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In this deployment, the bundling of Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) parameters across multiple CCs is foreseen to maintain the feedback signaling comparable with the one of the previous LTE Release 8. This paper focuses on the transmission over multiple CCs in LTE-A Uplink. Issues related to the bundling of the link level parameters is discussed and a simple Codeword (CW) mixing strategy is proposed to boost the spectral efficiency performance while keeping low feedback overhead. Results show that, combined HARQ/MCS bundling can achieve the same performance of HARQ only bundling when used together with our proposed CW mixing strategy, with the advantage of a lower feedback overhead. CW mixing also leads to similar spectral efficiency when the bundling is performed over 2 and 3 CCs. The use of a turbo Successive Interference Cancellation (turbo SIC) receiver further improves the spectral efficiency, especially when antenna gain imbalance (AGI) occurs.
Role of f-box factor foxj1 in differentiation of ciliated airway epithelial cells (2004)

Factors required for commitment of an undifferentiated airway epithelial cell to a ciliated cell are unknown. Cell ultrastructure analysis indicates ciliated cell commitment activates a multistage program involving synthesis of cilia precursor proteins and assembly of macromolecular complexes. Foxj1 is an f-box transcription factor expressed in ciliated cells and shown to be required for cilia formation by gene deletion in a mouse model. To identify a specific role for foxj1 in directing the ciliated cell phenotype, we evaluated the capacity of foxj1 to induce ciliogenesis and direct cilia assembly. In a primary culture model of wild-type mouse airway epithelial cells, foxj1 expression preceded the appearance of cilia and in cultured foxj1 null cells cilia did not develop. Delivery of foxj1 to polarized epithelial cell lines and primary cultured alveolar epithelial cells failed to promote ciliogenesis. Similarly, delivery of foxj1 to wild-type airway epithelial cells did not enhance the total number of ciliated cells. In contrast, delivery of foxj1 to null cells resulted in the appearance of cilia. Analysis revealed that, in the absence of foxj1, null cells contained cilia precursor basal bodies, indicating prior commitment to ciliogenesis. However, the basal bodies were disorganized within the apical compartment and failed to dock with the apical membrane. Reconstitution of foxj1 in null cells restored normal basal body organization, resulting in axoneme growth. Thus foxj1 functions in late-stage ciliogenesis to regulate programs promoting basal body docking and axoneme formation in cells previously committed to the ciliated cell phenotype.
Tyrosinases of murine melanocytes with mutations at the albino locus. (1988)

Tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase; monophenol, L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of melanin. Reduced levels of tyrosinase play an important role in albinism. The data described here show differences in the expression and characteristics of tyrosinase in cutaneous murine melanocytes grown in culture from normal wild-type strains (C/C); from three albino locus mutants: himalayan (ch/ch), chinchilla (cch/cch), and albino (c/c); and from the double-mutant heterozygous pink-eyed chinchilla (cchp/cp). Our results suggest that the diminished pigmentation in all mutants is due to abnormal posttranslational modification of the enzyme: the levels of mRNA for tyrosinase in wild-type, himalayan, and pink-eyed chinchilla melanocytes are similar; the himalayan mutation confers a deficiency in N-linked glycosylation, which results in an extremely unstable enzyme that is also temperature sensitive; the chinchilla and albino mutations confer susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage; the pink-eye dilution confers a reduction in the levels of immunoprecipitable tyrosinase, and what little enzyme there is fails to be translocated from the trans-Golgi network to melanosomes. The kinetics of activation and inhibition of the enzyme by the cofactor dopa are unique for the mutants tested and differ from those of tyrosinase from wild-type melanocytes. The findings support the conclusion that the albino locus in mice encodes the structural gene of tyrosinase.
Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) – a key regulator of glucose transport? (2001)

The serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) has been shown to play a crucial role in the control of diverse and important cellular functions such as cell survival and glycogen metabolism. There is also convincing evidence that PKB plays a role in the insulin-mediated regulation of glucose transport. Furthermore, states of cellular insulin resistance have been shown to involve impaired PKB activation, and this usually coincides with a loss of glucose transport activation. However, evidence to the contrary is also available, and the role of PKB in the control of glucose transport remains controversial. Here we provide an overview of recent findings, discuss the potential importance of PKB in the regulation of glucose transport and metabolism, and comment on future directions.
On annealing twins and CSL distributions in F.C.C. polycrystals (1992)

The influence of annealing twin density on CSL distributions in f.c.c. materials is discussed. Geometric considerations are presented which show that as a consequence of both energetic and crystallographic constraints associated with twinning, a CSL distribution consisting entirely of low-Σ boundaries is attainable. Considered the limit of grain boundary character control for high angle grain boundaries, such a ‘twin-limited’ CSL distribution is expected to arise when the annealing twin frequency approaches 2/3. Der Einfluß der Anlaßzwillingsdichte auf die CSL-Verteilung in kubisch flächenzentrierten Materialien wird diskutiert. Geometrische Betrachtungen zeigen, daß als Folge von energetischen und kristallographischen Randbedingungen bei der Zwillingsbildung eine CSL-Verteilung erreichbar ist, die vollständig aus Grenzflächen mit niedrigen Σ-Werten besteht. Eine solche durch „Zwillingsbildung begrenzte”︁ CSL-Verteilung, die als Grenzfall der Korngrenzencharakterkontrolle für Großwinkelkorngrenzen angesehen werden kann, wird erwartet, wenn der Anteil der Anlaßzwillinge 2/3 erreicht.
Gas/oil/water flow measurement by electrical capacitance tomography (2012)

In the oil industry, it is important to measure gas/oil/water flows produced from oil wells. To determine gas and oil production, it is necessary to measure the water-in-liquid ratio (WLR), liquid fraction and some other flow-rate related parameters. A research team from The University of Manchester and Schlumberger Cambridge Research Ltd have developed a non-radioactive gas/oil/water flow experimental apparatus based on a flow conditioning device, multi-modality electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) and microwave sensors. This paper presents a model-based image reconstruction algorithm for the ECT system, which is used to derive WLR and the thickness of liquid layer of oil-continuous annular flows formed by the flow conditioning device. The experimental results of the ECT sensor tested on TUV-NEL's Multiphase Flow Facility are presented.
Predicting stress distributions in fold‐and‐thrust belts and accretionary wedges by optimization (2009)

The objective is to demonstrate that the equilibrium element method (EEM) provides the stress distribution in geometrical models of folds, relevant to fold‐and‐thrust belts as well as accretionary wedges. The core of the method, inherited from limit analysis, is the search for an optimum stress field that (1) is in equilibrium, (2) remains everywhere below or equal to the maximum strength of the rock, and (3) balances the largest possible applied tectonic force. This force and the associated stress field are interpreted as those at the onset of rupture. The method makes no appeal to the rock rheology nor to its elasticity, except for its maximum strength described here with the Coulomb criterion. The stress fields are discretized by elements covering the whole domain and allowing for discontinuities. The example chosen to illustrate the potential of the EEM and to validate our implementation is the thrusting of a rectangular sheet over a flat and weak décollement. The EEM reproduces the solution proposed by Hafner (1951) on the basis of linear elasticity, as long as the strength limit is not reached in the bulk of the domain. The EEM shows in addition that failure in the bulk prevents the activation of the décollement. The EEM is then applied to two fault‐bend folds, with known ramp and flat décollement, with and without relief buildup. It is shown that the transition from the flat to the ramp hanging walls occurs through a narrow fan defining the back thrust. The predicted dip of this back thrust decreases with increase in the ramp friction angle, the relief buildup, as well as the ramp curvature. A sharp increase and then a sharp decrease in the magnitudes of the equivalent shear stress and of the mean stress are observed as one moves from the lower flat, through the back thrust up the ramp. If the ramp friction angle is too large, or the relief too important, the EEM predicts the initiation of a new thrust rooting at the back wall, instead of activating the proposed ramp. The application to detect the incipient thrust system within the toe of Nankai's accretionary wedge, southeast coast of Japan, is proposed in the auxiliary material.
Text categorization models for retrieval of high quality articles in internal medicine. (2003)

The discipline of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) studies formal and quasi-formal methods for identifying high quality medical information and abstracting it in useful forms so that patients receive the best customized care possible [1]. Current computer-based methods for finding high quality information in PubMed and similar bibliographic resources utilize search tools that employ preconstructed Boolean queries. These clinical queries are derived from a combined application of (a) user interviews, (b) ad-hoc manual document quality review, and (c) search over a constrained space of disjunctive Boolean queries. The present research explores the use of powerful text categorization (machine learning) methods to identify content-specific and high-quality PubMed articles. Our results show that models built with the proposed approach outperform the Boolean based PubMed clinical query filters in discriminatory power.
Introduction (2010)

This monograph presents a unified approach for solving canonical factorization problems for different classes of matrix and operator functions. The notion of canonical factorization originates from the theory of convolution equations. For instance, canonical factorization, provided it exists, allows one to invert Wiener-Hopf, Toeplitz and singular integral operators, and when the factors are known one can also build explicitly the inverses of these operators. The problem of canonical factorization also appears in various branches of applied analysis, in linear transport theory, in interpolation theory, in mathematical systems theory, in particular, in H∞-control theory.
The ISDN approach for mobile radio (2005)

This paper describes the Pan-European digital mobile communication system, defined by GSM, which is called in the following the 'GSM-System, its basic characteristis and its influence on the implementation strategy. The first part deals with the basic characteristics of the GSM-System, its system elements and the interworking between these elements. Network scenarios explain the overall message flow through the system. The second part highlights strategies for the implementation of system elements. It describes the requirements to be fulfilled by elements like Base Station, Mobile Services Switching Center Visitor and Home Location Register, Authentication Center and Operation and Maintenance Center. The third part deals with strategies for the mobile com munication network architecture and associated network topologies. The questions of overlay network and integration of the GSM-System into the ISDN are treated, as well as the associated interfacing strategies. The fourth part explaines in more detail basic implementation strategiesfor various system elements. Special emphasis is put on how an JSDN exchange will be expanded to provide the additional GSM functionality of a Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC). It will be demonstrated how the Visitor Location Register (VLR) and Equipment Identity Register (EIR) databases may be integrated in the ISDN exchange.
Serine protease inhibitors suppress cytochrome c-mediated caspase-9 activation and apoptosis during hypoxia–reoxygenation (2000)

We have shown that reoxygenation of hypoxic rat kidney proximal tubule cells leads to apoptosis. This is mediated by translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria, accompanied by release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt.c). The present study has examined the proteolytic mechanisms responsible for apoptosis during hypoxia-reoxygenation. Caspases were activated during hypoxia, as shown by cleavage of fluorogenic peptide substrates. By 5 h caspase-3-like activity to cleave carbobenzoxy-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin was increased approx. 30-fold. This was accompanied by specific processing of pro-caspase-3, -8 and -9 into active forms. Caspase activation during hypoxia was blocked by carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone and overexpression of Bcl-2. Of particular interest, caspase activation was also suppressed by the chymotryptic inhibitors N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and Ala-Pro-Phe chloromethyl ketone (APF), and the general serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulphonyl fluoride. Inhibition of caspase activation by these compounds resulted in arrest of apoptosis. On the other hand, the serine protease inhibitors did not prevent release of mitochondrial cyt.c during hypoxia, suggesting that these compounds blocked a critical step in post-mitochondrial caspase activation. Further studies using an in vitro reconstitution model showed that cyt.c/dATP stimulated caspase-9 processing and downstream caspase activation were significantly suppressed in the presence of TPCK and APF. Based on these results, we speculate that serine proteases may be involved in post-mitochondrial apoptotic events that lead to activation of the initiator, caspase-9.
Pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 3-year-old male child with recurrence in less than two months time (2012)

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare childhood neoplasm accounting for less than one percent of all primary malignant lung tumours of children less than six years of age. Meta - stasis to central nervous system, orbit and iris, bone, contralateral lung and rarely adrenalglands, liver, kidney and pancreas has been described. We present a case of pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 3-year-old child who had a recurrence in less than three months, after surgical resection.
Activity of cabozantinib (XL184) in soft tissue and bone: Results of a phase II randomized discontinuation trial (RDT) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. (2011)

3010 Background:Cabozantinib (Cabo) is an oral, potent inhibitor of MET and VEGFR2. An RDT evaluated clinical efficacy and safety in 9 tumor types: breast (B), gastric/GEJ (G), non-small cell lung (NS), ovarian (O), pancreatic (PA), castration-resistant prostate (P), small cell lung (S), hepatocellular (H), and melanoma (M). Indications were selected based on the role of MET and VEGFR2 in tumor biology. Methods:All eligible pts had progressive measurable disease ± bone metastasis (mets). Pts received Cabo at 100 mg qd over a 12 wk lead-in stage. Tumor response (mRECIST) assessed q6 wks. Treatment ≥ wk 12 was based on response: pts with PR continued open-label Cabo, pts with SD were randomized to Cabo vs placebo, and pts with PD discontinued. Primary endpoint was ORR in the lead-in stage. Accrual in any cohort could be halted for either high rates of ORR or PD. Results:398/483 enrolled pts were evaluable for the lead-in stage. 154/398 (39%) had bone mets at baseline (68 with bone scan f/u). Median # prior regimens was 2. Most common related AEs grade ≥ 3: fatigue (9%), hand-foot syndrome (8%), and HTN (5%). Dose reductions and permanent discontinuations for AEs occurred in 41% and 12% of pts, respectively. Soft tissue effects: ORR at wk 12: overall = 34/398 (9%); O 12/51 (24%), H 4/29 (14%), P 5/100 (5%), NS 6/60 (10%), B 2/20 (10%), S 1/21 (5%), M 4/76 (5%). 12 additional PRs await confirmation. 226/328 (69%) with ≥1 post-baseline scan had tumor regression. Highest DCR (PR + SD) at wk 12: H (76%), P (71%), and O (58%). Bone effects: 59/68 pts (P, B, and M) with bone mets and ≥1 post-baseline bone scan had partial or complete bone scan resolution, often with symptom improvement seen by wk 6. Osteoclast effects were observed across tumor types: 66/121 (55%) pts ± bone mets had declines of ≥50% in plasma C-telopeptide. Decreased serum tALP seen in P. Median max rise in hemoglobin in anemic pts (Hb < 11 g/dL) = 2.3 g/dL. All max Hb changes w/in first 12 wks. Randomization in cohorts P and O was halted and pts unblinded due to observed efficacy. Conclusions:Cabo is broadly active with cPRs in 8/9 indications, with high DCRs in H, P, and O. Complete or partial resolution of bone scan lesions was observed in 3 tumor types.
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of UFG copper processed by ECAP following different processing regimes (2011)

Commercially pure (99.9%) copper was severe plastically deformed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) following route-Bc in three different processing regimes in order to obtain ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructures leading to improved mechanical properties. In regime-1, the billets were processed at room temperature up to eight passes. The billets were processed at 200°C up to eight passes in regime-2. Regime-3 is a hybrid regime by which the billets were deformed at 200°C up to four passes first, and these billets were then processed at room temperature for one, two and four passes. In all regimes, the ECAP processing results in a refinement of the conventionally grained (CG) initial microstructure of copper down to sub-micron level leading to a great improvement in the strength as compared to CG copper. Among the regimes applied, regime-3 was found to be the best regime for improvement in strength along with adequate ductility. The samples showed more than eight times increases in yield strength after processing in regime-3 for 4 + 4 passes, from 47 MPa for CG copper to about 408 MPa for the UFG sample. Such improvement in strength was accompanied by a 16.9% total elongation and 6% uniform elongation. The processing in regime-2 resulted in the best elongation to failure of about 22% after eight passes, but it gave the lowest strength values among others.
<title>Development of a three-axis strain and temperature fiber optic grating sensor</title> (1997)

Development of a novel 3 axis strain and temperature fiber optic grating sensor is described. This sensor relies on dual overlaid fiber gratings written onto birefringent optical fiber resulting in four effective fiber gratings. By using dual overlaid phase masks fabrication costs for this sensor can be expected to be similar to that of a single fiber grating. This paper reports on early development efforts associated with the 3 axis strain and temperature sensor.
A Douglas–Rachford Splitting Approach to Nonsmooth Convex Variational Signal Recovery (2007)

Under consideration is the large body of signal recovery problems that can be formulated as the problem of minimizing the sum of two (not necessarily smooth) lower semicontinuous convex functions in a real Hilbert space. This generic problem is analyzed and a decomposition method is proposed to solve it. The convergence of the method, which is based on the Douglas-Rachford algorithm for monotone operator-splitting, is obtained under general conditions. Applications to non-Gaussian image denoising in a tight frame are also demonstrated.
Effect of long-term L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine administration on α-2-adrenergic receptors in platelet membranes in neurologic disorders (1991)

The effects of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS), an unnatural norepinephrine precursor, on alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in platelet membranes were investigated in a patient with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, two patients with multiple system atrophy, and two patients with Parkinson's disease. Each patient was treated for at least six months. While L-threo-DOPS alone, or in combination with decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide hydrochloride, produced sustained increase in plasma norepinephrine and clinical improvement, it did not induce a change in the number of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in platelet membranes.