gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic Time, Energy, and Power on Candidate HPC Compute Building Blocks (2014)

We conducted a micro benchmarking study of the time, energy, and power of computation and memory access on several existing platforms. These platforms represent candidate compute-node building blocks of future high-performance computing systems. Our analysis uses the "energy roofline" model, developed in prior work, which we extend in two ways. First, we improve the model's accuracy by accounting for power caps, basic memory hierarchy access costs, and measurement of random memory access patterns. Secondly, we empirically evaluate server-, mini-, and mobile-class platforms that span a range of compute and power characteristics. Our study includes a dozen such platforms, including x86 (both conventional and Xeon Phi), ARM, GPU, and hybrid (AMD APU and other SoC) processors. These data and our model analytically characterize the range of algorithmic regimes where we might prefer one building block to others. It suggests critical values of arithmetic intensity around which some systems may switch from being more to less time- and energy-efficient than others, it further suggests how, with respect to intensity, operations should be throttled to meet a power cap. We hope our methods can help make debates about the relative merits of these and other systems more quantitative, analytical, and insightful.
Effects of Body Position and Exercise on Evoked Response Signal for Automatic Threshold Activation (1999)

The Autocapture function controls and optimizes the output of the ventricular pulse amplitude automatically. For this reason an automatic test has to be performed during follow-up to measure the evoked response signal and lead polarization for the calculation of the appropriate evoked response sensitivity setting. The aim of the study was to assess whether body position and exercise influence the evoked response and polarization. Both parameters were determined in the supine and upright position and subsequently during supine and upright symptom-limited ergometry. The study included 14 patients with the VVIR pacemaker Regency SR+ who had received the ventricular pacing leads Membrane E 1450 T (n = 8), CapSure Z 5034 (n = 4), or SX 60 (n = 2). The evoked response signal was 7.4 +/- 3.3 mV during supine and increased to 9.7 +/- 5.6 mV (+35%) during upright position (P < 0.05). The exercise tests were terminated at 105 +/- 36 W (supine) and 110 +/- 34 W (upright). There was a gradual insignificant decrease of the evoked response during each exercise test with a mean decrease of -1.1 +/- 0.9 mV (-15%; supine) and -1.6 +/- 2.1 mV (-16%; upright). The evoked response increased within 5 minutes during recovery to the initial values. Polarization remained unchanged during both tests. The pacemaker did not recommend activating autocapture in four patients who all had received high-ohmic pacing leads. In conclusions, the measurement of the evoked response in supine position seems to represent the worst case. Physical activities did not effect autocapture function in patients with the recommended lead, but the pacemaker did not always recommend Autocapture activation in some patients with high-ohmic pacing leads.
A machine learning approach for improved BM25 retrieval (2009)

Despite the widespread use of BM25, there have been few studies examining its effectiveness on a document description over single and multiple field combinations. We determine the effectiveness of BM25 on various document fields. We find that BM25 models relevance on popularity fields such as anchor text and query click information no better than a linear function of the field attributes. We also find query click information to be the single most important field for retrieval. In response, we develop a machine learning approach to BM25-style retrieval that learns, using LambdaRank, from the input attributes of BM25. Our model significantly improves retrieval effectiveness over BM25 and BM25F. Our data-driven approach is fast, effective, avoids the problem of parameter tuning, and can directly optimize for several common information retrieval measures. We demonstrate the advantages of our model on a very large real-world Web data collection.
18. Amino-sulphonic acid analogues of natural amino-carboxylic acids (1941)

H. McIlwain, J. Chem. Soc., 1941, 75 DOI: 10.1039/JR9410000075
Active cooling of integrated circuits and optoelectronic devices using a micro configured thermoelectric and fluidic system (2002)

In this paper we present a new integrated thermo-electric-fluidic cooler (TEFC). This device is essentially composed of a low dimensional thermoelectric heat pump and a miniature fluidic loop in a highly integrated architecture. Heat removal is enhanced by micro-fin structures in the microchannels on the hot side of the thermoelectric device. Discussions are focused on the conceptual design of the TEFC and numerical models for the thermoelectric, and fluidic circuits. Simulation results on modeling of refrigeration loop are presented. Also different substrate materials are evaluated for improved heat spreading. Microchannels in both diamond and copper blocks are found to effectively remove heat and keep a more uniform temperature profile on the active surfaces than in CuW blocks. Fin configurations in the microchannels for enhancing liquid cooling are also evaluated. Preliminary results obtained for a TEFC device show great potentials for applications in cooling communication and mobile electronic systems.
Toughening of unsaturated polyesters by reactive liquid polymers. 1. Synthesis and characterization of the modifiers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToughening of unsaturated polyesters by reactive liquid polymers. 1. Synthesis and characterization of the modifiersS. B. Pandit and V. M. NadkarniCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 12, 3089–3099Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00024a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00024a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A survey of recoverable distributed shared virtual memory systems (1997)

Distributed Shared Virtual Memory (DSVM) systems provide a shared memory abstraction on distributed memory architectures. Such systems ease parallel application programming because the shared-memory programming model is often more natural than the message-passing paradigm. However, the probability of failure of a DSVM increases with the number of sites. Thus, fault tolerance mechanisms must be implemented in order to allow processes to continue their execution in the event of a failure. This paper gives an overview of recoverable DSVMs (RDSVMs) that provide a checkpointing mechanism to restart parallel computations in the event of a site failure.
Intestinal <i>Oxalobacter formigenes</i> Colonization in Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers and Its Relation to Urinary Oxalate (2003)

Calcium oxalate stone formers have a low rate of colonization with O. formigenes. Among stone formers, absence of intestinal Oxalobacter correlates with higher urinary oxalate concentration and an increased risk of hyperoxaluria. Introduction of the Oxalobacter bacterium or an analog of its enzyme oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase into the intestinal tract may be a treatment for calcium oxalate stone disease.
A fully pipelined programmable real-time (3×3) image filter based on capacitive threshold-logic gates (2002)

A novel programmable 2-D image filter architecture with a (3/spl times/3) window size is presented, which is based on Capacitive Threshold-Logic (CTL) gates. The filter architecture is fully pipelined, and data processing is highly parallelized in order to take advantage of the high-speed building blocks used in the design. A fixed-coefficient processing core has been designed and fabricated using conventional 1.2 micron double-polysilicon CMOS technology to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture. The chip core area (1.8 mm/spl times/1.5 mm) compares very favorably with other image filter chips using a similar technology. Extensive post-layout simulations have shown that the chip will allow a maximum clock frequency of about 100 MHz. With this data throughput capability, the programmable image filter will be able to process high-resolution (1024/spl times/1024) pixel images at a rate of 50 frames per second.
Molecular Basis for Prokaryotic Specificity of Magainin-Induced Lysis (1995)

Magainins and mastoparans are examples of peptide antibiotics and peptide venoms, respectively. They have been grouped together as class L amphipathic helixes [Segrest, J.P., et al. (1990) Proteins 8, 103-117] because of similarities in the distribution of Lys residues along the polar face of the helix. Class L venoms lyse both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells whereas class L antibiotics specifically lyse bacteria. The structural basis for the specificity of class L antibiotics is not well understood. Sequence analysis showed that class L antibiotics have a Glu residue on the nonpolar face of the amphipathic helix; this is absent from class L venoms. We synthesized three model class L peptides with or without Glu on the nonpolar face: 18LMG (LGSIWKFIKAFVGGIKKF), [E14]18LMG and [G5,E14]18LMG. Hemolysis, bacteriolysis, and bacteriostasis studies using these peptides showed that the specificity of lysis is due to both the presence of a Glu residue on the nonpolar face of the helix and the bulk of the nonpolar face. Studies using large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles showed that the inclusion of cholesterol greatly inhibited leakage by the two Glu-containing peptides. These results cannot be attributed to changes in the phase behavior of the lipids caused by the inclusion of cholesterol or to differences in the secondary structure of the peptides. These results suggest that eukaryotic cells are resistant to lysis by magainins because of peptide-cholesterol interactions in their membranes that inhibit the formation of peptide structures capable of lysis, perhaps by hydrogen bonding between Glu and cholesterol. Bacterial membranes, lacking cholesterol, are susceptible to lysis by magainins.
The ICD-9-CM DRGs: increased homogeneity through use of AS-SCORE. (1985)

AS-SCORE, applied to DRGs, has the potential for providing a system of case-mix measurement that will be more meaningful to physicians, nurses, and hospital administrators as they attempt to predict their patients' use of hospital resources. Urban hospitals and teaching hospitals may find such a system crucial to adequate reimbursement for the more severely ill patients they treat. The system is easily taught and gives reliable scores. The system is clinically coherent because it takes into account all of a patient's conditions and complications. When combined with a cost accounting system for nursing services, the system is sensitive to patients' nursing care requirements. Further studies should be conducted to determine the applicability of AS-SCORE to other nonhomogeneous medical and surgical groupings of the I-9 DRG system. Not all DRGs may need to be subcategorized by a severity-of-illness measure; some DRGs, for example, contain patients who are very similar, such as those who undergo tonsillectomy or normal vaginal delivery. Thus, if subcategorization by severity is not needed for all DRGs, it may be possible to use the AS-SCORE measure and, at the same time, to keep the number of groups small enough to be manageable. These studies should also be conducted in hospitals in other parts of the country to determine the replicability of the findings despite regional variations in facilities and practice methods.
Every Silver Lining has a Cloud: The Scientific and Animal Welfare Issues Surrounding a New Approach to the Production of Transgenic Animals (2014)

The scientific basis and advantages of using recently developed CRISPR/Cas-9 technology for transgenesis have been assessed with respect to other production methods, laboratory animal welfare, and the scientific relevance of transgenic models of human diseases in general. As the new technology is straightforward, causes targeted DNA double strand breaks and can result in homozygous changes in a single step, it is more accurate and more efficient than other production methods and speeds up transgenesis. CRISPR/Cas-9 also obviates the use of embryonic stem cells, and is being used to generate transgenic non-human primates (NHPs). While the use of this method reduces the level of animal wastage resulting from the production of each new strain, any long-term contribution to reduction will be offset by the overall increase in the numbers of transgenic animals likely to result from its widespread usage. Likewise, the contribution to refinement of using a more-precise technique, thereby minimising the occurrence of unwanted genetic effects, will be countered by a probable substantial increase in the production of transgenic strains of increasingly sentient species. For ethical and welfare reasons, we believe that the generation of transgenic NHPs should be allowed only in extremely exceptional circumstances. In addition, we present information, which, on both welfare and scientific grounds, leads us to question the current policy of generating ever-more new transgenic models in light of the general failure of many of them, after over two decades of ubiquitous use, to result in significant advances in the understanding and treatment of many key human diseases. Because this unsatisfactory situation is likely to be due to inherent, as well as possibly avoidable, limitations in the transgenic approach to studying disease, which are briefly reviewed, it is concluded that a thorough reappraisal of the rationale for using genetically-altered animals in fundamental research and by the pharmaceutical industry, and for its support by funding bodies, should be undertaken. In the meantime, the use of CRISPR/Cas-9 to generate new transgenic cells in culture is to be guardedly encouraged.
Long RT-PCR Amplification of the Entire Coding Sequence of the Polycystic Kidney Disease 1 ( <i>PKD1</i> ) Gene (1999)

Characterization of mutations of the PKD1 gene has been limited by the fact that three-fourths of this gene at its 5' end is homologous to sequences of at least three other genes on the same chromosome. We have therefore developed a method of long reverse transcription PCR for selective amplification of the entire coding sequence of the PKD1 gene from its mRNA. A PCR primer specific to the sequence in the 3' unique region of the PKD1 gene was synthesized for use coupled with a primer binding to sequence in the homologous region at a distance of about 13.6 kb apart. The commercial availability of RNase H-free reverse transcriptase for long cDNA synthesis and of an enzyme mixture containing Taq and Pfu DNA polymerases for long-range PCR have made this development possible. The long PCR product was proven to be derived from PKD1-mRNA. The results clearly indicated that the long PCR product contained the coding sequence derived from PKD1-mRNA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a procedure that can reproducibly isolate full-length PKD1 coding sequence from its mRNA transcript, which will prove useful for screening and characterization of mutations in the PKD1 gene.
Chronic blockade of cannabinoid CB<sub>2</sub>receptors induces anxiolytic‐like actions associated with alterations in GABA<sub>A</sub>receptors (2011)

The opposing behavioural and molecular changes observed after chronic treatment with AM630 or JWH133 support the key role of CB(2) receptors in the regulation of anxiety. Indeed, the efficacy of AM630 in reducing the anxiety of the spontaneously anxious DBA/2 strain of mice strengthens the potential of the CB(2) receptor as a new target in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders.
CMOS charge-transfer preamplifier for offset-fluctuation cancellation in low-power, high-accuracy comparators (1997)

We have developed a low-power and high-accuracy comparator composed of a dynamic latch and a CMOS charge transfer preamplifier (CT preamp). The CT preamp amplifies the input signal with no dc power dissipation and the operation is almost insensitive to the device parameter fluctuations in the preamp. The fluctuation in the offset voltage of a dynamic latch is reduced by a factor of the preamp gain. The circuit operation has been verified by measurements on test circuits fabricated by 0.6 pm CMOS process. Introduction Low power operation of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) is becoming increasingly important in portable applications. For this purpose, we have proposed a low- power two-step ADC circuitry which consists of a capacitive dividing reference voltage generator and dynamic latch comparators (l). It operates in a purely dynamic mode, resulting in very low power consumption. However, a dynamic latch has large fluctuation in the offset voltage (several tens mV) due to the threshold-voltage mismatch of pair transistors in the difference amplifier circuit. Therefore, the new ADC architecture is not applicable to video signal application which requires 8-10 bit resolution (2-8 mV accuracy for comparators). In order to solve the problem of large offset-voltage fluctuation in a dynamic latch circuitry, we have introduced a CMOS charge-transfer preamplifier (CT preamp) in front of a dynamic latch. The CT preamp is insensitive to the device parameter fluctuations and amplifies the input signal with no dc power dissipation, resulting in realization of a high- accuracy and low-power comparator. In this paper, we present a circuit operation of the CMOS CT preamp and the effectiveness of the circuit is demonstrated by the HSPICE simulation results and the measurement results of fabricated test circuits. CMOS Charge Transfer Preamplifier Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram and the operation of the CMOS CT preamp. Capacitance(CT)-loaded nMOS and PMOS share the common drain electrode and the common gate electrode. The common drain forms the output of the CT preamp which is fed to the dynamic latch circuit. The gate electrode is capacitively coupled to VIN or VREF (comparator inputs). The capacitance CO corresponds to the input capacitance of the dynamic latch. The circuit operates in three cycles. In the first cycle, the two capacitors (CT) are discharged by shorting the electrodes. In the second cycle, the two capacitors (CT) are charged through the source follower action of PMOS and nMOS transistors whose gate electrodes are biased to VPR. The charging automatically stops when the gate-source voltages of the PMOS and the nMOS reach the threshold voltages, VTP and VTN, respectively. As a result, the two capacitors are precharged to VpR-VTp and VPR- VTN. Then, in the third cycle, the common drain is made floating and the comparator input is switched from VIN to VWF. The charge redistribution occurs between CO and CT through the source follower action of either the nMOS or VPH ? 9 rl C
Multiplicação de Bacillus subtilis em vinhaça e viabilidade no controle da meloidoginose, em cana-de-açúcar (2011)

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o controle da meloidoginose e o crescimento da cana-de-açúcar, em função da aplicação de Bacillus subtilis ao solo após multiplicação em vinhaça. Bioensaios foram conduzidos em laboratório com avaliação do crescimento de B. subtilis em meio líquido com interesse na melhor composição de meio de cultura, a partir da vinhaça. No experimento em casa de vegetação foi utilizado solo coletado em área de cultivo de cana com histórico de alta infestação com Meloidogyne spp. No solo acondicionado em vasos efetuou-se o plantio da variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB 72454, cujos tratamentos foram: controle; vinhaça pura (50 m³ ha-1); Bacillus subtilis em suspensão aquosa (50 m³ ha-1); B. subtilis multiplicado na vinhaça para 50 m³ ha-1 e 100 m³ ha-1. A multiplicação de Bacillus subtilis em meio de cultura à base de vinhaça (25%) foi significativamente superior em comparação com o meio de cultura caldo nutriente. A aplicação de B. subtilis em suspensão aquosa promoveu o crescimento e a redução da reprodução dos nematóides em cana-de-açúcar durante o experimento. A aplicação de B. subtilis multiplicado na vinhaça não proporcionou os benefícios de estímulo ao crescimento e controle da meloidoginose na cana-de-açúcar, encontrados com a aplicação apenas da bactéria no solo.
Evaluation of acetate tolerance during highly efficient hemodialysis. (1975)

Acetate clearance was found to approximate bicarbonate clearance and to be 10% lower than urea clearance under single pass in vitro conditions. Plasms acetate concentrations were significanlty higher in pre-dialysis samples than in control subjects and rose during hemodialysis to a wide range of post-dialysis levels. In 17% of patients plasma acetate exceeded 9.5 mM/L and range to 21.6 mM/L. The cause for this apparent acetate intolerance is probably multifactorial, since severe hyperacetatemia is not a constant finding for any specific patient. Correction of pre-dialysis acidosis may be impaired by acetate accumulation.
45nm and 32nm half-pitch patterning with 193nm dry lithography and double patterning (2008)

Double patterning technique is listed as the top option for 32nm technology nodes at recently updated 2007 International Technology Roadmap Semiconductor (ITRS). Double patterning (DP) effectively reduces the k1 factor to less than 0.25, however, various process challenges, including critical dimension uniformity (CDU), line edge and line width roughnesses (LER/LWR), and overlay, have to come up with solutions for the industry in device manufacturing. In this study, we developed a metal hard mask and a universal dual hard mask double patterning process and demonstrated 45nm half-pitch in dark field patterning and 32nm half pitch in bright field applications by using a 0.93NA 193nm dry scanner system. By using the optimized hard mask films and Applied Materials' Advanced Patterning Film (APF<sup>TM</sup>) as a bottom hard mask, the universal dual hard mask double patterning scheme shows significant improvement in line edge roughness and line width roughness, achieved best results of 2nm LER and 2.5nm LWR at APF hard mask.
On Directing an Ensemble Theatre (1964)

The responsibilities of a director of an ensemble theatre company are discussed. The manner in which the director should strike an effective balance between the role of the star and the director of the play, along with working for the totality of the play and the company's success, is presented.