gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluid-Loss Control Using Crosslinkable HEC in High-Permeability Offshore Flexure Trend Completions (1989)

ABSTRACT An alternative system to conventional HEC (hydroxyethylcellulose) and particulate fluid loss materials has been developed for fluid loss control in high permeability Gulf of Mexico Flexure trend completions. In offshore operations, the problem of controlling fluid loss to the formation is critical in achieving successful gravel pack completions. The problem is magnified in this environment because of the use of expensive high density brine, lost rig time, and increased standards for well control and safety. A newly developed fluid loss system which consists of a crosslinkable, derivatized HEC incorporating a branched functional group oh an HEC backbone has been evolving in the industry. The functional group provides a nonionic reaction site which allows the polymer to be crosslinked at a low pH, and broken in a controlled manner using a newly developed breaker. Other fluid loss control systems used in Flexure trend completions exhibit specific problems which can be attributed to (1) physical properties of the particular material, and (2) the method of application. For instance, in many high permeability wells, noncrosslinkable HEC pills have proven inadequate for controlling fluid loss to an acceptable level, and in some cases have allowed significant invasion of HEC, thus potentially resulting in permeability impairment. Particulate fluid loss materials present other problems in that they can be difficult to remove from perforations. Laboratory and field tests demonstrate efficient fluid loss control and potential for reduced formation damage with this new crosslinkable HEC (CLHEC). Internally broken crosslinked gel has shown more favorable return permeability in core tests than regular HEC polymer commonly used in the industry. The CLHEC system deposits a thin, crosslinked polymer filter cake which helps prevent fluid loss, but which can be removed by means of an internal breaker, an acid wash, or both. Subject paper presents laboratory and field data illustrating properties of the new fluid loss control system in high density brine applications.
Metal-Insulator-Metal Diode Process Development for Energy Harvesting Applications (2010)

Abstract : Persistent powering of electronics, sensors, and autonomous systems on the battlefield has become increasingly important to the U.S. Army. Scavenging energy from local environments reduces the required energy and weight transported to the theater. Black-body radiation could potentially provide a 24-hr energy source for Army systems. Micro/Nano-scale, metal-insulator- metal (MIM) tunnel diodes will be developed to provide half-wave rectification as part of a rectenna energy harvesting system, which includes a radiation-collecting antenna, a rectifying MIM tunnel diode, and a storage capacitor. This research addresses the development, fabrication, and characterization of high frequency MIM tunnel diodes for power rectification. Planar platinum/titanium-dioxide/titanium stacks were fabricated with the focus of determining the effects of the insulator thickness on the electrical performance. Insulator thicknesses were studied between 2 nm and 50 nm. The metals were chosen for their high work function difference, and the insulator was chosen for its barrier height and availability. Metals and insulator thin films were sputtered onto silicon substrates with silicon dioxide overlayers. I-V measurements were taken using an electrical characterization system to confirm a non-linear, asymmetric response.
Comment devient-on un parti ? (1990)

Boy Daniel. Comment devient-on un parti ?. In: Politix, vol. 3, n°9, Premier trimestre 1990. En Vert et contre tout ? L'écologie en politique. pp. 15-17.
Amplification of Acoustic Waves through Interaction with Conduction Electrons (1962)

It is shown, from a Boltzmann equation treatment, that in the presence of a dc electric field it is possible for an acoustic wave to gain energy from the conduction electrons in a material. The criterion for such an amplification of an acoustic wave to take place is that the drift velocity given to the conduction electrons in the direction of propagation by the dc field must exceed the velocity of sound. In metals, dc fields of such a magnitude cannot be maintained, but in semiconductors the necessary conditions can be satisfied and an amplification of the acoustic wave can take place.
Bootstrapping events and relations from text (2009)

Information Extraction (IE) is a technique for automatically extracting structured data from text documents. One of the key analytical tasks is extraction of important and relevant information from textual sources. While information is plentiful and readily available, from the Internet, news services, media, etc., extracting the critical nuggets that matter to business or to national security is a cognitively demanding and time consuming task. Intelligence and business analysts spend many hours poring over endless streams of text documents pulling out reference to entities of interest (people, locations, organizations) as well as their relationships as reported in text. Such extracted "information nuggets" are then entered into a structured database for further analysis that may expose various trends or hidden relationships.
Intestinal adaptation after massive intestinal resection (2005)

Patients with short bowel syndrome require long term parenteral nutrition support. However, after massive intestinal resection the intestine undergoes adaptation and nutritional autonomy may be obtained. Given that the complications of parenteral nutrition may be life threatening or result in treatment failure and the need for intestinal transplantation, a more attractive option is to wean patients off nutrition support by optimising the adaptive process. The article examines the evidence that after extensive small bowel resection adaptation occurs in humans and focuses on the factors that influence adaptation and the strategies that have been used to optimise this process. The review is based on an English language Medline search with secondary references obtained from key articles. There is evidence that adaptation occurs in humans. Adaptation is a complex process that results in response to nutrient and non-nutrient stimuli. Successful and reproducible strategies to improve adaptation remain elusive despite an abundance of experimental data. Nevertheless given the low patient survival and quality of life associated with other treatments for irreversible intestinal failure it is imperative that clinical research continues into the optimisation of the adaptation.
Structures of Aβ-Related Peptide−Monoclonal Antibody Complexes<sup>,</sup> (2009)

Passive immunotherapy (PI) is being explored as a potential therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease. The most promising antibodies (Abs) used in PI target the EFRH motif of the Abeta N-terminus. The monoclonal anti-Abeta Ab PFA1 recognizes the EFRH epitope of Abeta. PFA1 has a high affinity for Abeta fibrils and protofibrils (0.1 nM), as well as good affinity for Abeta monomers (20 nM). However, PFA1 binds the toxic N-terminally modified pyroglutamate peptide pyro-Glu3-Abeta with a 77-fold loss in affinity compared to the WT Abeta(1-8). Furthermore, our earlier work illustrated PFA1's potential for cross-reactivity. The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2, which plays a role in skeletal and bone formation, possesses the EFRH sequence. PFA1 Fab binds the Ror2(518-525) peptide sequence REEFRHEA with a 3-fold enhancement over WT Abeta(1-8). In this work, the crystal structures of the hybridoma-derived PFA1 Fab in complex with pyro-Glu3-Abeta peptide and with a cross-reacting peptide from Ror2 have been determined at resolutions of 1.95 and 2.7 A, respectively. As with wild-type Abeta, these peptides bind to the Fab via a combination of charge- and shape-complementarity, hydrogen-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Comparison of the structures of the four peptides Abeta(1-8), Grip1, pyro-Glu3-Abeta(3-8), and Ror2 in complex with PFA1 shows that the greatest conformational flexibility occurs at residues 2 to 3 and 8 of the peptide. These structures provide a molecular basis of the specificity tolerance of PFA1 and its ability to recognize Abeta N-terminal heterogeneity. The structures provide clues to improving mAb specificity and affinity for pyroglutamate Abeta.
Timed Exposure to Bright Light Improves Sleep and Alertness during Simulated Night Shifts (1991)

Many of the health and safety problems reported by shift workers result from the chronic sleep deprivation associated with shorter, fragmented daytime sleep. This reduction in the quality and duration of sleep has been attributed to a change in the phase relationship between the work period and the circadian system, timing the propensity for sleep and wakefulness. This study examined the extent to which appropriately timed exposure to bright light would accelerate the circadian readjustment of physiological parameters thought to contribute to impaired performance in shift workers. A control (n = 7) and treatment group (n = 6) underwent a 3-day transition to simulated night work. The treatment group received a single 4-hour pulse of bright light (6,000 lux) between 2400 and 0400 hours on the first night shift and dim light < 200 lux) for the remainder of the study. The control group received dim light throughout. By the third night shift, the phase position of the core body temperature rhythm for the treatment group had delayed by 5-6 hours whereas the control group had delayed by only 2–3 hours. When compared to the control group, the greater delay in core temperature rhythm for the treatment group was associated with significantly higher alertness across the night shift and improved sleep quality during the day. By the third day sleep, mean sleep efficiency in the treatment group was not significantly different from normal night sleep. Similarly, onshift alertness was improved relative to the control group. The treatment group did not show the typical decline in alertness observed in the control group between 0300 and 0700 hours. These data indicate that a single 4-hour pulse of bright light between midnight and 0400 hours is effective in ameliorating the sleep and alertness problems associated with transition to night shift.
NLRP3 inflammasome priming: A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma (2020)

The NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome is an immunological sensor that detects a wide range of microbial- and host-derived signals. Inflammasome activation results in the release of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and triggers a form of inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. Excessive NLRP3 activity is associated with the pathogenesis of a wide range of inflammatory diseases, thus NLRP3 activation mechanisms are an area of intensive research. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a tightly regulated process that requires both priming and activation signals. In particular, recent research has highlighted the highly complex nature of the priming step, which involves transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms, and numerous protein binding partners. This review will describe the current understanding of NLRP3 priming and will discuss the potential opportunities for targeting this process therapeutically to treat NLRP3-associated diseases.
The (Non)Utility of Predicate-Argument Frequencies for Pronoun Interpretation. (2004)

Saccharomonospora viridis is a thermophilic actinomycete that may have biotechnological applications because of its dye decolorizing activity, though the enzymatic oxidative system responsible for this activity remains elusive. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a DyP-type peroxidase gene in the genome of S. viridis DSM 43017 with sequence similarity to peroxidase from dye-decolorizing microbes. This gene, svidyp, consists of 1,215 bp encoding a polypeptide of 404 amino acids. The gene encoding SviDyP was cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and then purified. The recombinant protein could efficiently decolorize several triarylmethane dyes, anthraquinonic and azo dyes under neutral to alkaline conditions. The optimum pH and temperature for SviDyP was pH 7.0 and 70°C, respectively. Compared with other DyP-type peroxidases, SviDyP was more active at high temperatures, retaining>63% of its maximum activity at 50-80°C. It also showed broad pH adaptability (>35% activity at pH 4.0-9.0) and alkali-tolerance (>80% activity after incubation at pH 5-10 for 1 h at 37°C), and was highly thermostable (>60% activity after incubation at 70°C for 2 h at pH 7.0). SviDyP had an accelerated action during the biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp, resulting in a 21.8% reduction in kappa number and an increase of 2.98% (ISO) in brightness. These favorable properties make SviDyP peroxidase a promising enzyme for use in the pulp and paper industries.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Niosomal Gel of Combined Anti-Fungal Agents (2018)

Miconazole, glucocorticoid antagonist and Terbinafine, Sqalene epoxidase inhibitor are two of the commonly used drug for fungal diseases. In this present work, Miconazole and Terbinafine in combination was formulated as Niosomal gel and evaluated. Niosomes containing both the drugs were prepared by thin film evaporation technique with varying concentration of Nonionic surface active agent, Span 60 and cholesterol. FTIR and DSC study reports confirmed the absence of incompatibilities between the two drugs and the excipients. Five Niosomal formulations were prepared (N1- N5) and evaluated for surface morphology, particle size, PDI, Drug content, entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential, in vitro drug release and TEM analysis. The formulation (N3) containing equal concentration of Span 60 (100 mg) and Cholesterol (100 mg) showed highest yield, drug content and its entrapment efficiency was found to be 91.06%. All the Niosomal dispersions were incorporated into 2% Carbopol gel base to produce five Niosomal gel formulations NG1–NG5. Niosomal gels were evaluated for physical properties, pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, Extrudability, Drug content and in vitro drug release. NG3 was found to be the best formulation as it showed promising qualities of a gel with a maximum release of 84.523% (MCZ) and 85.812% (TBF) after 8 hrs and maximum anti-fungal activity than all the other Niosomal gel formulations. From the antifungal activity carried out, Zone of inhibition of two drugs in combination was found to be greater than the zone inhibition of individual pure drugs indicating the synergistic activity of the drugs. Skin irritation studies were conducted in Egg CAM and all the formulations showed non-irritant reports. Niosomal gel showed good stability at various temperatures. The kinetic data analysis showed that Niosomal gel fits to Higuchi model and follows zero order release by non-fickian super case �?� diffusion. All these findings proved that Niosomal gel containing combined antifungal drugs is more effective than the marketed plain gel containing a single antifungal agent. Since the two drugs are having different mechanism of action they overcome the anti-fungal resistance shown by the organism and broaden the fungal spectrum. Moreover Niosomal gel improves the topical formulation with a high degree of skin permeation and prolongs maintenance of drug by increasing the retention time in the target area at a therapeutic level thereby decreasing the frequency of administration and increasing patient compliance.
Statins Inhibit HIV-1 Infection by Down-regulating Rho Activity (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infectivity requires actin-dependent clustering of host lipid raft-associated receptors, a process that might be linked to Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activation. Rho GTPase activity can be negatively regulated by statins, a family of drugs used to treat hypercholesterolemia in man. Statins mediate inhibition of Rho GTPases by impeding prenylation of small G proteins through blockade of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. We show that statins decreased viral load and increased CD4+ cell counts in acute infection models and in chronically HIV-1-infected patients. Viral entry and exit was reduced in statin-treated cells, and inhibition was blocked by the addition of l-mevalonate or of geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, but not by cholesterol. Cell treatment with a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, but not a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, specifically inhibited entry of HIV-1-pseudotyped viruses. Statins blocked Rho-A activation induced by HIV-1 binding to target cells, and expression of the dominant negative mutant RhoN19 inhibited HIV-1 envelope fusion with target cell membranes, reducing cell infection rates. We suggest that statins have direct anti-HIV-1 effects by targeting Rho.
A Newly Synthesized Selective Casein Kinase I Inhibitor, N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloroisoquinoline-8-sulfonamide, and Affinity Purification of Casein Kinase I from Bovine Testis (1989)

When screening various isoquinolinesulfonamide compounds which we synthesized, CKI-7, N-(2-amino-ethyl)-5-chloroisoquinoline-8-sulfonamide, was found to have a potent inhibitory action against casein kinase I and a much weaker effect on casein kinase II and other protein kinases. Kinetic analysis indicated that CKI-7 inhibited casein kinase I competitively with respect to ATP and that the Ki values were 8.5 microM for casein kinase I and 70 microM for casein kinase II. An affinity chromatography absorbent was synthesized by coupling CKI-8 (1-(5-chloroisoquinoline-8-sulfonyl], a derivative of CKI-7, to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. Partially purified casein kinase I from bovine testis was subjected to affinity chromatography. Analysis of the purified casein kinase I by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a single band with molecular weight 37,000. These newly synthesized compounds, CKI-7 and CKI-8, should serve as useful tools for elucidating the biological significance of casein kinase I-mediated reactions.
Automatic determination of cardiac output using an impedance plethysmography. (1981)

A computer-based system which calculates stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output automatically from the transthoracic impedance variation has been developed. A beat-by-beat determination was performed on several healthy subjects and patients with atrial fibrillation during spontaneous breathings at rest. The respiratory artifact appearing on the impedance cardiogram was canceled by (1) correcting the base line of dZ/dt for each cardiac cycle on the basis of assumption that the dZ/dt values at ECG-R waves would be invariable regardless of the respiratory phase when the respiratory movement ceases, and (2) averaging the signals for a number of cardiac cycles. Comparisons between the computed stroke volumes and those obtained from a manual calculation showed good agreement.
Responsivity optimization and stabilization in electro-optic field sensors (2007)

Electro-optic (EO) modulation devices, which utilize an external electric field to modulate a beam of optical radiation, are strongly affected by parasitic effects, which change the polarization state of the optical beam. As a result, very small changes in the birefringence or optical path length within the EO material can result in very large fluctuations of the amplitude and phase of the optical modulation signal. A method of actively analyzing the modulated beam is described and demonstrated, which eliminates these fluctuations and keeps the modulation device stably operating at its peak responsivity. Applications to electric field detection and measurements are discussed.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Proteins from Cocksfoot Grass <i>(Dactylis glomerata)</i> Pollen: Isolation and N-Terminal Sequence of a Major Allergen (1990)

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) raised to an aqueous extract of cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) pollen have been characterised. Mab 1B9 was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting to recognise a major allergen of an approximate molecular weight of 28 kD in this extract, termed DG3, and a component with a molecular weight of between 35 and 40 kD in an extract of Secale cereale (cultivated rye) pollen. The 28 kD component of cocksfoot grass pollen isolated by affinity chromatography using Mab 1B9 was recognised by IgE antibodies in 80% (8 of 10) atopic sera, but only weakly by 25% (1 of 4) non-atopic sera tested. N-terminal sequencing of DG3 purified by affinity chromatography, 2 D electrophoresis and electroblotting to polyvinylidenedifluoride revealed significant homology with a group-V allergen (Phl p V) from timothy grass (Phleum pratense).
Mono- and Diphosphine Platinum(0) Complexes of Methylenecyclopropane, Bicyclopropylidene, and Allylidenecyclopropane (2011)

The syntheses of the first platinum complexes with η2-bicyclopropylidene ligands are reported herein. Complexes of the formula [Pt(L)(P–P)] (L = η2-bicyclopropylidene, η2-methylenecyclopropane, P–P = Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2, Cyp2P(CH2)2PCyp2, tBu2P(CH2)2PtBu2, tBu2PCH2(o-C6H4)CH2PtBu2) were synthesized by addition of the free alkene to ethene precursor complexes. Bicyclopropylidene underwent a ring-opening reaction with both Pt(0) and Pt(II) complexes to form allylidenecyclopropane, and the first allylidenecyclopropane complexes were synthesized, some of which underwent a rearrangement to form η2:σ2-metallacyclo-3-pentene complexes. Mixed alkene complexes [Pt(C2H4)(L)(PR3)] (L = η2-bicyclopropylidene, η2-methylenecyclopropane, PR3 = PPh3, PCy3) and bis-methylenecyclopropane complexes [Pt(MCP)2(PR3)] (PR3 = PPh3, PCy3) were synthesized by the addition of the free alkene to bis-ethene precursors.
Dysprosody in aphasia: An acoustic analysis evidence from Palestinian Arabic (2014)

The present study was aimed to present an acoustic analysis of Palestinian prosody based on data obtained from four Palestinian speaking- persons with Broca’s aphasia and normal speakers. A number of acoustic measures were examined in this study including tone modulation, F0 range, phrase-final lengthening, word duration and syllable duration. The results indicated that Broca’s aphasics were unable to implement phrase-final lengthening compared to the control participants, which suggests underlying deficits in speech planning and timing. Furthermore, Broca’s aphasics showed higher F0 range compared to the control subjects. However, they demonstrated relatively spared rising and falling intonation patterns. The findings of the study are in consensus with previous studies on timing and prosodic patterns in persons with Broca’s aphasia, in which speech timing deficits and abnormal durational patterns are the significant characteristic in speech of Broca’s aphasia. The results of the study contribute to the neurolinguistic research across different languages, specifically where Palestinian Arabic is much less investigated compared to other Arabic dialects and languages.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of γ‐Alkoxy α‐Keto Esters by the Lewis Acid‐ Promoted Reaction of 2‐(Trimethylsiloxy)acrylate Esters with Acetals. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.