gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldosterone Upregulates Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Expression via p38 MAPK Pathway and Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Ventricular Myocytes (2004)

The effect of aldosterone on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was examined in rat embryonic ventricular myocytes. Upon aldosterone treatment, CTGF expression was significantly increased in a dose and time-dependent manner. To explore the molecular mechanism for this upregulation, we examined the role of mineralocorticoid receptor. Pre-treatment of an antagonist (spironolactone) at 5-fold excess of aldosterone blocked the CTGF induction by aldosterone, suggesting that the upregulation was mediated by mineralocorticoid receptor. Aldosterone treatment resulted in activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK pathways with a more transient pattern in p38 MAPK. Blocking studies using pretreatment of the inhibitor of each pathway revealed that p38 MAPK cascade may be important for aldosterone-mediated CTGF upregulation as evidenced by the blocking of CTGF induction by SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), but not by PD098059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) and JNK inhibitor I. Interestingly, JNK inhibitor I and PD098059 decreased the basal level of CTGF expression. On the other hand, pretreatment of spironolactone abrogated the p38 MAPK activation, indicating that mineralocorticoid receptor mechanism is linked to p38 MAPK pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that aldosterone induces CTGF expression via both p38 MAPK cascade and mineralocorticoid receptor and that cross-talk exists between the two pathways.
An Automatic Identification of a Damaged Malicious File Using HMM against Anti-Forensics (2008)

These days, an increasing use of internet has brought many trials to steal personal information. These unlawful users usually hide their own crime evidence or destroy evidence against their being arrested, which disturbs investigation. To come up with this, investigators use various methods to find evidence, and forensics investigation technique is also developing. Forensics tools can recover deleted file even when it is formatted. However, it is hard to know the original attributes when the header of a file is damaged. Data carving skill supports restoration techniques partly, but it can’t find the attributes of clusters in small unit. In this paper, we study a way to find out attributes of original file even with small clusters. We also find a method to decide if a damaged file is malignancy or not by analyzing the properties of execution file. We use HMM’s modeling techniques for auto-detect method, and propose estimation method to identify malicious file information. Finally, we test the whole process of analyzing clusters after formatting a real system with an attack code for disturbing its recovery.
Development of a Standalone Navigation and Audio-Visual System (Multi-AV System) (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the Multi-AV System featured in the 1989 model Nissan Cedric, Gloria, and CIMA. It is composed of a navigation system and an audio-visual system. The former system tracks the location of the vehicle and shows it on a CRT map display. This standalone navigation system has been achieved using a map-matching technique along with a terrestrial magnetic field sensor and wheel speed sensors installed at the wheels. Information on hotels, golf courses, Nissan dealers and other items can be obtained. A CD-ROM is employed as the memory. The audio-visual system consists of a radio, cassette deck, CD player, and TV. The Multi-AV System combines the practicality of a navigation function with the entertainment capabilities of an audio-visual system to satisfy diverse needs.</div>
From Single to Multiple Atomic Layers:  A Unique Approach to the Systematic Tuning of Structures and Properties of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Nanostructured Semiconductors (2007)

In order to systematically tailor the structures and properties of a unique family of inorganic-organic hybrid nanostructured materials based on II-VI semiconductors, we have designed and engineered a new group of two-dimensional crystalline [(M2Q2)(L)] nanostreuctures (where M = Zn, Cd; Q = S, Se; and L = ethylamine, n-propylamine, n-butylamine, n-amylamine, n-hexylamine). These compounds are composed of double atomic layers of M2Q2 separated by organic monoamines. The crystal structures of 2D-[(M2Q2)(L)] are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The crystal structures of these compounds are similar to the 2D-[(MQ)(L)] series that we reported earlier, in that they also contain II-VI slabs sandwiched by organic monoamines. The main difference is in the thickness of the II-VI slabs, where they are single-layer (n = 1) in 2D-[(MQ)(L)] but double-layer (n = 2) in 2D-[(M2Q2)(L)]. Optical absorption experiments show that all double-layer compounds exhibit a blue shift in their absorption edge (0.6-1.2 eV), due to the quantum confinement effect (QCE). However, the extent of such a blue shift is significantly less than that of the single-layer 2D-[(MQ)(L)] systems (1.0-2.0 eV) as a result of the difference in their layer thickness. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis has revealed nanosized II-VI (MQ) particles as the post-TG product of all double-layer hybrids.
Tuning Bragg wavelength by writing gratings on prestrained fibers (1994)

Bragg gratings at a specific wavelength are made using an excimer KrF laser and a phase mask. The wavelength can be varied for fine tuning and multiplexing applications by straining the optical fiber during UV illumination. When the strain is removed, the grating formed is at a smaller wavelength than that dictated by the phase mask for the unstrained fiber. This technique was demonstrated by writing two gratings located at the same point in the optical fiber. The transmission from the first grating was used as a means for in situ absolute wavelength tuning. The second grating made with approximately 0.2% axial strain was at 1534.54 nm. Once the grating was made, the strain was removed from the fiber leaving the second grating tuned to 1532.04 nm, a wavelength shift of 2.5 nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In vivo</i>Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Substrates Identified in the Left Ventricle Post-Myocardial Infarction Using Proteomics (2010)

Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) deletion has been shown to improve survival after myocardial infarction (MI). MMP-7 has a large array of in vitro substrates, but in vivo substrates for MMP-7 following MI have not been fully identified. Accordingly, we evaluated the infarct regions of wild-type (WT; n = 12) and MMP-7 null (null; n = 10) mice using a proteomic strategy. Seven days post-MI, infarct regions of the left ventricles were excised, homogenized, and protein extracts were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Of 13 spots that showed intensity differences between WT and null, the intensities of eight spots were higher and those of five spots were lower in the null group (p < 0.05). Fibronectin and tenascin-C, known in vitro substrates of MMP-7, were identified in spots that showed lower intensity in the null. Immunoblotting and in vitro cleavage assays confirmed reduced fibronectin and tenascin-C fragment generation in the null, and this effect was restored by exogenous administration of MMP-7. Lower levels of full-length peroxiredoxin-1 and -2 and higher levels of the full-length peroxiredoxin-3 were detected in the null group, suggesting MMP-7 deletion may also indirectly regulate protein levels through nonenzymatic mechanisms. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify fibronectin and tenascin-C as in vivo MMP-7 substrates in the infarcted left ventricle using a proteomic approach.
On the use of simulation in robotics: Opportunities, challenges, and suggestions for moving forward (2020)

The last five years marked a surge in interest for and use of smart robots, which operate in dynamic and unstructured environments and might interact with humans. We posit that well-validated computer simulation can provide a virtual proving ground that in many cases is instrumental in understanding safely, faster, at lower costs, and more thoroughly how the robots of the future should be designed and controlled for safe operation and improved performance. Against this backdrop, we discuss how simulation can help in robotics, barriers that currently prevent its broad adoption, and potential steps that can eliminate some of these barriers. The points and recommendations made concern the following simulation-in-robotics aspects: simulation of the dynamics of the robot; simulation of the virtual world; simulation of the sensing of this virtual world; simulation of the interaction between the human and the robot; and, in less depth, simulation of the communication between robots. This Perspectives contribution summarizes the points of view that coalesced during a 2018 National Science Foundation/Department of Defense/National Institute for Standards and Technology workshop dedicated to the topic at hand. The meeting brought together participants from a range of organizations, disciplines, and application fields, with expertise at the intersection of robotics, machine learning, and physics-based simulation.
Enhanced photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite solar cells fabricated in ambient air by solvent annealing treatment method (2016)

Abstract In this paper, we report on planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated by a simple one-step solution process and an antisolvent bath (ASB) method in ambient air. The ASB method enabled the efficient extraction of the precursor solvent and induced the swift crystallization of uniform and highly smooth perovskite films with an average grain size of about 0.34 µm. The morphology and grain growth of the resultant perovskite film were further improved by solvent annealing (SA) under dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vapor atmosphere at 150 °C for 10 min and thus an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.20% and a maximum efficiency of 16.77% were achieved. This work highlights the importance of solvent annealing for perovskite prepared by a one-step solution process and an ASB method, and offers a facile and attractive way to fabricate high-performance perovskite solar cells.
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial of deflazacort versus prednisone in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2000)

We randomized 18 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) boys whose age ranged from 5.2 to 14.6 years (mean, 7.3 years) for treatment with either deflazacort (0.9 mg/kg/day) or prednisone (0.75 mg/kg/day) on the basis of age and functional score at the onset of treatment. We followed the patients every 3 months for 1 year, evaluating four limb muscles with the Medical Research Council scale and performance of four functions (walking, climbing stairs, Gowers' maneuver, and rising from a chair). Side effects were monitored by a questionnaire and by routine blood examination, and weight and height were recorded at each visit. At 12 months, the effect of both steroids was examined by comparing the status of the treated patients with another group of untreated DMD patients that served as natural history control. The two steroids were equally effective in improving motor function and functional performances. At 9 months, the average weight increase with respect to baseline value was 5% (2 kg) in the deflazacort group but 18% in the prednisone group (P < 0. 005), and the change remained significant after 12 months (P < 0.05). Other minor but nonsignificant side effects were observed. Steroid treatment with deflazacort appears to cause fewer side effects than with prednisone, particularly weight gain, which could be important to maximize motor performances.
Roles of Chloride Ion in Microvia Filling by Copper Electrodeposition (2005)

Microvias with various diameters formed by laser ablation on a printed circuit board (PCB) were used to investigate the filling mechanism of the microvia in copper electroplating. The plating solution consisted of acid copper sulfate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (MPS), and chloride ions. Superfill was obtained using a specific concentration ratio of MPS to chloride ions. According to the examinations of the vias by an optical microscope (OM) for cross-sectional views, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for top views, and by an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) for surface element analyses, chloride ions were verified to be a key factor in determining the superfilling behavior. They play three roles, namely, the electron bridge of reduction, the anchor of suppressor (i.e., , and the promoter of accelerator in copper electroplating. The distribution of the surface coverage of the suppressor and the accelerator adsorbed along the via profile was revealed by tracing the distribution of CuCl crystals generated by synergistic interactions among MPS, metallic copper, and Plating results indicate that the adsorptive abilities of the suppressor and the accelerator, and whether a suppressor can displace the accelerator adsorbed on the cathode are convection-dependent. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The Antimicrobial Activity of the Three Commercially Available Intense Sweeteners against Common Periodontal Pathogens: An in vitro Study (2012)

Dental caries and periodontal diseases are ubiquitous diseases of mankind caused by microorganisms. Dental caries is caused by sucrose. By altering the source like intense sweetener we can combat caries as well as with its antimicrobial properties against periodontopathic bacteria, we can reduce prevalence of periodontal diseases.
Assignment of intrachain disulfide bonds in platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (1993)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a dimeric protein held together by two disulfide bonds involving the 2nd and 4th cysteine residues from the NH2 terminus. To localize the three intrachain disulfide bonds in PDGF, a method was devised that made it possible to cleave PDGF at specific sites. A set of PDGF derivatives in which specific amino acids were mutated to methionine residues was generated. The recombinant proteins, immunoprecipitated from metabolically labeled transfected COS cells, were then subjected to CNBr cleavage and analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Based on whether the mutated proteins remained in one piece or fell apart after CNBr cleavage, it was possible to deduce the disulfide bond arrangement in the PDGF B-chain; one bond involves the 1st and 6th cysteine residues, another the 3rd and 7th, and the last the 5th and 8th. The latter disulfide bond was found to be dispensable for receptor binding, whereas the former two were found to be essential for the correct folding or stability of the PDGF B-chain.
Genetic analysis of prototrophic natural variants of Candida albicans. (1989)

To facilitate genetic analysis of Candida albicans natural variants, we have isolated a dominant mycophenolic acid-resistant mutant. Mycophenolic acid-resistant auxotrophs were used to analyze prototrophic natural variants by spheroplast fusion. The fusion products were shown to be heterozygous for many of the parental chromosomes by molecular and genetic criteria. Using this approach, we have found that one type of morphologic variation is due to a recessive change and identified three dominant 5-fluorocytosine-resistant mutants. Rare fusion products express recessive parental markers. These exceptional progeny should be useful for linkage analysis and strain construction.
Automatic electric load identification in self-configuring microgrids (2009)

A microgrid is the power system of choice for the electrification of rural areas in developing countries. It should be able to adapt to changing load situations without the need for specialists to change the configuration of the microgrid controller. This paper proposes a self-configuring microgrid management system that is able to adjust both generation and demand of the system, so that also in case of growing electricity demand the grid can still be operable by disconnecting unessential loads. A crucial task for the microgrid controller is to automatically identify the connected loads on the basis of their consumption behaviors. For this, a template-matching algorithm is proposed that is based on dynamic time warping, which is primarily used in speech recognition. It has been found that for load profile analysis, simple signal features such as the number of rising edges or the aggregated energy consumption in a given time window is sufficient to describe the signal. In contrast to speech recognition, frequency domain analysis is not necessary.
Nitric oxide donors as treatment for grass induced acute laminitis in ponies (1996)

The potential for participation of the arginine-nitric oxide system in the aetiology of acute equine laminitis has been assessed. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the action of NO synthase (NOS) on its substrate l-arginine, relaxes vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation. An attenuated normal vasodilatory tone may characterise the pathogenesis of acute equine laminitis. An intravenous infusion of 10% l-arginine in 0.9% saline caused vasodilatation in the hoof of a normal pony and immediate reperfusion of laminal tissues in an acutely laminitic pony, detected noninvasively by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), but the amino acid had little effect on systemic blood pressure. Treatment of acute laminitis with glyceryl trinitrate applied topically to the pasterns reduced the typical 'bounding pulses' in treated limbs, reduced lameness and lowered systemic blood pressure. Nitric oxide is likely to participate in the multifactorial pathogenesis of equine laminitis.
Macrophage activation and its role in repair and pathology after spinal cord injury (2015)

The injured spinal cord does not heal properly. In contrast, tissue repair and functional recovery occur after skin or muscle injuries. The reason for this dichotomy in wound repair is unclear but inflammation, and specifically macrophage activation, likely plays a key role. Macrophages have the ability to promote the repair of injured tissue by regulating transitions through different phase of the healing response. In the current review we compare and contrast the healing and inflammatory responses between spinal cord injuries and tissues that undergo complete wound resolution. Through this comparison, we identify key macrophage phenotypes that are inaptly triggered or absent after spinal cord injury and discuss spinal cord stimuli that contribute to this maladaptive response. Sequential activation of classic, pro-inflammatory, M1 macrophages and alternatively activated, M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophages occurs during normal healing and facilitates transitions through the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of repair. In contrast, in the injured spinal cord, pro-inflammatory macrophages potentiate a prolonged inflammatory phase and remodeling is not properly initiated. The desynchronized macrophage activation after spinal cord injury is reminiscent of the inflammation present in chronic, non-healing wounds. By refining the role macrophages play in spinal cord injury repair we bring to light important areas for future neuroinflammation and neurotrauma research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Spinal cord injury.
Competitive inhibition ELISA for the s-triazine herbicides: assay optimization and antibody characterization (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompetitive inhibition ELISA for the s-triazine herbicides: assay optimization and antibody characterizationRobert O. Harrison, Marvin H. Goodrow, and Bruce D. HammockCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 1, 122–128Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00001a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00001a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views634Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ontology-based dynamic data gathering of geographic information services (2010)

The geographic information service applications are getting more and more closely interconnected with the real-time industries and businesses recently. It becomes an urgent problem to gather business information from various industries directly. In this paper, we present an ontology-based dynamic data gathering method of geographic information services, which can extract instant information from MIS or similar systems of different commercial companies and organizations. We advanced the dynamic information ontology standard for industries to support the interoperability of the distributed and heterogeneous MIS and GIS databases. Then we collected information from various industries on-line by using Web Service technology, and integrated it with urban digital maps. In addition, the industry information is interconnected and aggregated through searching and data aggregation technologies. Based on these works, a multi-layers service framework is given and its detail functions are discussed.
Blue Light Receptors and Signal Transduction (2002)

A plant blue light response was documented as early as 1881 by Darwin when he discovered what is now known as the blue light–induced phototropic response ([Darwin, 1881][1]). However, blue light receptors mediating phototropism and other photoresponses in plants have remained elusive until
The characteristics of broadband, isotropic electric field and magnetic field probes (1977)

A feasibility study and a preliminary engineering test program have been conducted to establish performance specification limits and preliminary engi- neering design for broadband, isotropic, receiving, electric field and magnetic field probes for electromagnetic emission measurements. Three electric field probes cover the frequency range from 20 Hz to 12 GHz. Two magnetic field probes cover the frequency range from 20 Hz to 32 MHz.
[Unusual secondary coxarthrosis and posterior coxarthrosis]. (1993)

Certain atypical forms of osteoarthritis of the hip are misleading: forms with very severe pain, forms with pain predominantly in the sitting position, forms with disproportionate pain. These atypical features can sometimes be explained by certain anatomical arrangements: superomedial narrowing over an aggressive double line, posterior osteoarthritis of the hip which can only be demonstrated on a false lateral view in the form of posteroinferior narrowing with its corollaries: anterosuperior diastasis and marked osteophytes of the posterior horn appearing to advanced underneath the femoral head on the lateral view. These atypical forms frequently only last several months or years. Posterior osteoarthritis of the hip has a less severe and slower course than the usual forms with superior narrowing.