gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XCHANGE: High Performance Data Morphing in Distributed Applications (2005)

Distributed applications in which large volumes of data are exchanged between components that generate,\nprocess, and store or display data are common in both the high performance and enterprise domains. A key issue in\nthese domains is mismatches of the data being generated with the data required by end users or by intermediate\ncomponents. Mismatches are due to the need to customize or personalize data for certain end users, or they arise\nfrom natural differences in the data representations used by different components. In either case, mismatch\ncorrection – data morphing -- requires either servers or clients to perform extensive data processing. This paper\ndescribes automated methods and associated tools for morphing data in overlay networks that connect data\nproducers with consumers. These methods automatically generate data transformation codes from declarative\nspecifications, ‘just in time’, i.e., when and as needed. By describing data transformations declaratively, code\ngeneration can take into account the current nature of the data being generated, the current needs of data sinks, and\nthe current resources available in the overlay connecting sources to sinks. In addition, code generation can consider\nthe shared requirements of multiple consumers, to reduce redundant data transmissions and transformations. Data\nmorphing is realized with the XCHANGE toolset, and in this paper, it is applied to both high performance and\nenterprise applications. Runtime generation and deployment of data morphing codes for filtering and transforming\nthe large data volumes exchanged in a high performance remote data visualization is shown to result in improved\nnetwork usage, able to generate code that matches the data volumes exchanged to available network resources.\nMorphing codes dynamically generated and deployed for an enterprise application in the healthcare domain\ndemonstrates the importance of generating code so as to improve server scalability by reducing server loads.
An Exploratory Study of Perceptions Towards E-Commerce in China (PRC) (2003)

ABSTRACT E-commerce and China are two widely discussed business topics. Despite the political, legal and infrastructure obstacles, the potential of e-commerce in China (PRC) is too great to ignore. This paper addresses the perceptions of Chinese concerning the obstacles and benefits of conducting e-commerce. Analysis identifies the rank-order of benefits and obstacles to conducting e-commerce in China (PRC).
Protocadherin-α Family Is Required for Serotonergic Projections to Appropriately Innervate Target Brain Areas (2009)

Serotonergic axons from the raphe nuclei in the brainstem project to every region of the brain, where they make connections through their extensive terminal arborizations. This serotonergic innervation contributes to various normal behaviors and psychiatric disorders. The protocadherin-alpha (Pcdha) family of clustered protocadherins consists of 14 cadherin-related molecules generated from a single gene cluster. We found that the Pcdhas were strongly expressed in the serotonergic neurons. To elucidate their roles, we examined serotonergic fibers in a mouse mutant (Pcdha(Delta CR/Delta CR)) lacking the Pcdha cytoplasmic region-encoding exons, which are common to the gene cluster. In the first week after birth, the distribution pattern of serotonergic fibers in Pcdha(Delta CR/Delta CR) mice was similar to wild-type, but by 3 weeks of age, when the serotonergic axonal termini complete their arborizations, the distribution of the projections was abnormal. In some target regions, notably the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, the normally even distribution of serotonin axonal terminals was, in the mutants, dense at the periphery of each region, but sparse in the center. In the stratum lacunosum-molecular of the hippocampus, the mutants showed denser serotonergic innervation than in wild-type, and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the caudate-putamen, the innervation was sparser. Together, the abnormalities suggested that Pcdha proteins are important in the late-stage maturation of serotonergic projections. Further examination of alternatively spliced exons encoding the cytoplasmic tail showed that the A-type (but not the B-type) cytoplasmic tail was essential for the normal development of serotonergic projections.
Investigations of the mechanochromic behavior of poly(urethane-diacetylene) segmented copolymers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigations of the mechanochromic behavior of poly(urethane-diacetylene) segmented copolymersR. A. Nallicheri and M. F. RubnerCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 2, 517–525Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00002a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1265Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Engram cells retain memory under retrograde amnesia (2015)

Memory consolidation is the process by which a newly formed and unstable memory transforms into a stable long-term memory. It is unknown whether the process of memory consolidation occurs exclusively through the stabilization of memory engrams. By using learning-dependent cell labeling, we identified an increase of synaptic strength and dendritic spine density specifically in consolidated memory engram cells. Although these properties are lacking in engram cells under protein synthesis inhibitor-induced amnesia, direct optogenetic activation of these cells results in memory retrieval, and this correlates with retained engram cell-specific connectivity. We propose that a specific pattern of connectivity of engram cells may be crucial for memory information storage and that strengthened synapses in these cells critically contribute to the memory retrieval process.
Pancreatic lipase-related protein type I: a specialized lipase or an inactive enzyme (1998)

The existence of pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (PLRP1) in vertebrates has been postulated based on the screening of pancreatic cDNA libraries from different species. In this paper, we report the presence of variable amounts of PLRP1 relative to colipase-dependent lipase (PL) in adults from several species. Only a very low lipase activity could be detected for native or recombinant PLRP1 using a large variety of substrates and conditions. Interestingly, this activity is dependent on the presence of bile salts and colipase and PLRP1 is shown to possess the same affinity as PL for colipase. Modelling investigations revealed some interesting differences between PLRP1 and PL, notably concerning substitutions in the C-terminal domain which might affect the bending motion of this domain relative to the N-terminal domain in PLRP1. The potential impact of these differences on the lack of lipase activity of PLRP1 was investigated using chimeric proteins designed by C-terminal domain exchange between dog PLRP1 and horse PL. Analysis of the catalytic properties of the chimera clearly indicated that the C-terminal domain exchange neither inactivates the horse enzyme nor results in an active dog PLRP1. From these findings, it can be concluded that the PLRP1 C-terminal domain is fully functional with respect to colipase binding. The lack of lipase activity or the still undetermined function of PLRP1 is likely to result mainly from particular features of the N-terminal domain.
Cylindrospermopsin: a potent hepatotoxin from the blue-green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCylindrospermopsin: a potent hepatotoxin from the blue-green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskiiIkuko Ohtani, Richard E. Moore, and Maria T. C. RunnegarCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 20, 7941–7942Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00046a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00046a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1271Altmetric-Citations490LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Genetic hyperferritinaemia and reticuloendothelial iron overload associated with a three base pair deletion in the coding region of the ferroportin gene (<i>SLC11A3</i>) (2002)

Iron overload may predominantly involve parenchymal or reticuloendothelial cells, the prototype of parenchymal iron overload being HFE-related genetic haemochromatosis. We studied a family with autosomal dominant hyperferritinaemia in whom the proband showed selective iron accumulation in the Kupffer cells on liver biopsy. Analysis of L and H ferritin genes excluded mutations responsible for hereditary hyperferritinaemia/cataract syndrome or similar translational disorders. Sequence analysis of the ferroportin gene (SLC11A3) in four individuals with hyperferritinaemia singled out a three base pair deletion in a region that contains four TTG repeats. This mutation removes a TTG unit from 780 to 791, and predicts the loss of one of three sequential valine residues 160-162. Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography can be used for its detection. SLC11A3 polymorphism analysis indicates that this probably represents a recurrent mutation due to slippage mispairing. Affected individuals may show marginally low serum iron and transferrin saturation, and young women may have marginally low haemoglobin concentration levels. Serum ferritin levels are directly related to age, but are 10-20 times higher than normal. Heterozygosity for the ferroportin Val 162 deletion represents the prototype of selective reticuloendothelial iron overload, and should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of hereditary or congenital hyperferritinaemias.
Direct Back EMF Detection Method for Sensorless Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Drives (2003)

Brushlesss dc (BLDC) motors and their drives are penetrating the market of home appliances, HVAC industry, and automotive applications in recent years because of their high efficiency, silent operation, compact form, reliability, and low maintenance. Traditionally, BLDC motors are commutated in six-step pattern with commutation controlled by position sensors. To reduce cost and complexity of the drive system, sensorless drive is preferred. The existing sensorless control scheme with the conventional back EMF sensing based on motor neutral voltage for BLDC has certain drawbacks, which limit its applications. In this thesis, a novel back EMF sensing scheme, direct back EMF detection, for sensorless BLDC drives is presented. For this scheme, the motor neutral voltage is not needed to measure the back EMFs. The true back EMF of the floating motor winding can be detected during off time of PWM because the terminal voltage of the motor is directly proportional to the phase back EMF during this interval. Also, the back EMF voltage is referenced to ground without any common mode noise. Therefore, this back EMF sensing method is immune to switching noise and common mode voltage. As a result, there are no attenuation and filtering necessary for the back EMFs sensing. This unique back EMF sensing method has superior performance to existing methods which rely on neutral voltage information, providing much wider motor speed range at low cost. Based on the fundamental concept of the direct Back EMF detection, improved circuitry for low speed /low voltage and high voltage applications are also proposed in the thesis, which will further expand the applications of the sensorless BLDC motor drives. Starting the motor is critical and sometime difficult for a BLDC sensorless system. A practical start-up tuning procedure for the sensorless system with the help of a dc tachometer is described in the thesis. This procedure has the maximum acceleration performance during the start-up and can be used for all different type applications. An advanced mixed-signal microcontroller is developed so that the EMF sensing scheme is embedded in this low cost 8-bit microcontroller. This device is truly SOC (system-on-chip) product, with high-throughput Micro core, precision-analog circuit, in-system programmable memory and motor control peripherals integrated on a single die. A microcontroller-based sensorless BLDC drive system has been developed as well, which is suitable for various applications, including hard disk drive, fans, pumps, blowers, and home appliances, etc.
Filtering behavior of a self-induced three-mirror cavity formed by intracavity wave mixing in a saturable absorber (1996)

Wave mixing with a self-induced grating in a saturable absorber, which is inserted into a resonator, gives special filtering behavior. In a linear Fabry-Perot cavity with gain, the grating forms a self-matched, threemirror laser cavity that can discriminate between modes whose frequency difference is much lower than the grating bandwidth. The effect was used to obtain single-mode lasers with narrow linewidths. The selfinduced grating can dynamically adjust itself to small disturbances and changes in the cavity parameters.
A general method for immobilization of glycoproteins on regenerable immobilized metal‐ion carriers: application to glucose oxidase from Penicillium chrysogenum and horseradish peroxidase (1994)

A general method for immobilization of glycoproteins on immobilized metal-ion carriers is described. The method includes oxidation of the carbohydrate moiety of the glycoprotein with potassium periodate, covalent modification with histidine and immobilization on bivalent metal ion-iminodiacetic acid-agarose. The method is exemplified with horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase from Penicillium chrysogenum. The modified and immobilized enzymes are stable for at least 2 months at 4 degrees C. The immobilized enzymes were used as enzyme electrodes for the determination of the glucose concentration.
FcεRII/CD23 Is Expressed in Parkinson’s Disease and Induces,<i>In Vitro,</i>Production of Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Glial Cells (1999)

Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the mechanism of nerve cell death in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Among several toxic oxidative species, nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as a key element on the basis of the increased density of glial cells expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with PD. However, the mechanism of iNOS induction in the CNS is poorly understood, especially under pathological conditions. Because cytokines and FcεRII/CD23 antigen have been implicated in the induction of iNOS in the immune system, we investigated their role in glial cells in vitro and in the SN of patients with PD and matched control subjects. We show that, in vitro , interferon-γ (IFN-γ) together with interleukin-1β (Il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) can induce the expression of CD23 in glial cells. Ligation of CD23 with specific antibodies resulted in the induction of iNOS and the subsequent release of NO. The activation of CD23 also led to an upregulation of TNF-α production, which was dependent on NO release. In the SN of PD patients, a significant increase in the density of glial cells expressing TNF-α, Il-1β, and IFN-γ was observed. Furthermore, although CD23 was not detectable in the SN of control subjects, it was found in both astroglial and microglial cells in parkinsonian patients. Altogether, these data demonstrate the existence of a cytokine/CD23-dependent activation pathway of iNOS and of proinflammatory mediators in glial cells and their involvement in the pathophysiology of PD.
Reactions of benzotriazole with formaldehyde and aliphatic primary amines: selective formation of 1 : 1 : 1, of 2 : 2 : 1, and of 2 : 3 : 2 adducts and a study of their reactions with nucleophiles (1990)

Benzotriazole (BtH) reacts easily with aliphatic primary amines and formaldehyde in aqueous media to give one or more of three types of product: (i)(BtCH2)2NR (5), (ii)(BtCH2NR)2CH2(6), and/or (iii) BtCH2NHR (7). The product formed depends on the molar ratio of the substrates, and on the degree of steric hindrance in the amine, and is also influenced by the nature of the solvent. Primary aliphatic 1,2- or 1,3-diamines yield cyclic aminals which are imidazolidine (8a) and hexahydropyrimidine (8b) derivatives. Reactions of these aminals with Grignard reagents, and with cyanide anion as nucleophiles, are also described.
Comparison of two FFT-based demodulation schemes for M-ary FSK (2003)

The authors examine the relative performance of two detection schemes for FFT (fast Fourier transform) demodulation of M-ary FSK (frequency shift keying). Specifically, they study the relative merits of detection based on a single bin power (scheme A) or powers from two bins (scheme B). Theoretical expressions for the error probabilities are derived for both schemes and verified by simulation. The conclusion is that scheme A is better at low offsets, up to about a third of the bin width, while scheme B is better at higher offsets. However, since summing bin powers requires additional computations, detection based on a single bin power is the recommended approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction to Compliant Mechanisms (2013)

Compliant mechanisms gain their motion from the deflection of flexible members rather than from traditional bearings and hinges. Advantages of compliant mechanisms include high precision, low cost, and ease of miniaturization. Compliant mechanisms should be designed to avoid fatigue failure and their design is often complicated by nonlinearities. One concept that makes compliant mechanism design possible is that it is possible for something to be both flexible and strong. The selection of material properties, geometry, and boundary conditions are key elements of compliant mechanism design.
The Ischiocavernosus and Bulbospongiosus Muscles in Mammalian Penile Rigidity (1993)

The role of the perineal muscles in erection physiology is currently controversial. Specifically, confusion persists as to the function, if any, the ischiocavernosus (IC) and bulbospongiosus (BS) muscles possess in nonejaculatory erections. An extensive review of the evidence for and against such an erectile role across five orders of mammalian species indicates that the IC muscles create rigidity by producing suprasystolic intracavernous pressures. The BS muscles, on the other hand, are primarily involved in expelling semen during ejaculation. Beckett and coworkers were the first to demonstrate a clear relationship between IC muscle contractions, suprasystolic intracavernous pressures and rigidity. This Beckett model is used to differentiate an erect phase from a rigid erect phase in the erection cycle. The involvement of these muscles in sleep-related erection physiology is also reviewed. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Studies of the Cerebral Circulation with Labeled Erythrocytes in Healthy Man (1961)

A thorough investigation of 10 healthy males, 26 to 46 years old, has been performed. One and a half ml. of their own erythrocytes, labeled with P 32 , was injected intravenously and dilution curves obtained simultaneously from one carotid artery and the two jugular bulbs. Thereafter, the same amount of labeled blood was injected into both carotid arteries, following one another, and dilution curves from the two jugular bulbs were simultaneously obtained. A total of seven dilution curves was collected in each case. The percutaneous punctures of the carotids were high enough in the neck so that it is highly probable that the injections were made into the internal carotid arteries. Calculations of the cerebral blood flow and the cerebral blood volume in absolute values were performed. The mean value of the cerebral blood flow amounted to 876 ml/min., i.e., 11.4 per cent of the cardiac output. The pool of the brain was calculated to about 100 ml. When a carotid artery was injected, the appearance and peak concentration times estimated from the dilution curves obtained from the ipsilateral bulbs were the same whether the injection was performed in the right or left side. The corresponding times for the dilution curves obtained from the contralateral bulb agreed, whichever the side on which the injection was performned. They were, however, one second longer than the ipsilateral ones. The determination of circulation time is of diagnostic value, according to an earlier publication. A simplified bloodless method has also been tried.
Diarylheptanoids of Alnus hirsuta TURCZ. (Betulaceae) (1985)

27 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 12 of whom were on maintenance hemodialysis, and 40 healthy control individuals were immunized with a split-type influenza vaccine containing A/Victoria/75 (H3N2), A/USSR/77 (H1N1), B/Hong Kong/73 antigens; 2 doses were given 4 weeks apart. Antibody responses were determined by the single radial hemolysis (SRH) technique. After immunization a significant rise (increase in SRH greater than or equal to 2 mm) was measured to A/Victoria in 11 (73%) azotemic and in 11 (92%) hemodialyzed patients and in 35 (88%) controls. To B/Hong Kong a significant antibody rise was observed in 10 (67%) azotemic, in 11 (92%) hemodialyzed and in 27 (68%) control individuals. The mean prevaccination and postvaccination antibody titers in patients with CRF, either azotemic or hemodialyzed, were significantly lower than in healthy control individuals to both A/Victoria and B/Hong Kong antigens (p less than 0.001). On the other hand the mean antibody rises after vaccination were of the same magnitude in all groups. The patients on maintenance hemodialysis had lower prevaccination antibody titers but the postvaccination mean titers were slightly higher than in the azotemic patients. No adverse reactions to the vaccination or deterioration of the renal function were observed; thus we recommend an annual vaccination of patients with CRF.