gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bromocriptine in the treatment of the alcohol‐withdrawal syndrome (1982)

A 10-day random double-blind study on the effect of bromocriptine versus placebo in severe alcohol-withdrawal symptoms was conducted in 60 alcoholics. The effect of bromocriptine--a dopamine agonist--was significantly better than placebo in ameliorating the following symptoms: anxiety, restlessness, depression, tremor, sweating and nausea as well as the total score of these symptoms. Also in the evaluation of specific symptoms according to a symptom check list of psychiatric, behavioural and social aspects, and in a global evaluation, bromocriptine was clearly superior to placebo. Serum prolactin studied on the first and tenth day of the survey showed a significant increase occurring in the placebo-treated patients. Side effects related to the use of bromocriptine were negligible. Our findings support recent experimental evidence that alcohol-withdrawal symptoms, at least in part, are related to a transient dopaminergic dysfunction in the brain.
Extracting the windows clipboard from physical memory (2011)

When attempting to reconstruct the events leading up to a cyber security incident, one potentially important piece of information is the clipboard (Prosise et al., 2003). The clipboard has been present in Windows since Windows 3.1 and is the mechanism for transferring information from one application to another through copy and pasting actions. Being able to retrieve the last file copied or the last password used may provide investigators with invaluable information during a forensic investigation. This paper describes the Windows clipboard structure and the process of retrieving copy/paste information from Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7 (both 32 bit and 64 bit) memory captures with data from applications including Notepad, Microsoft Word, and Microsoft Excel.
Role oflac repressor hinge region and operator DNA sequence in complex formation (2009)

A study of the lac repressor hinge region was undertaken to decipher its role in the function of DNA binding and communication between binding sites within the protein. Specific mutations were designed, and the proteins purified from these constructs were used in various biochemical experiments. These mutants revealed alterations in DNA binding as well as in the response to inducer.\nThe first set of mutations involved insertion of glycines to the hinge region in an attempt to disrupt communication between the binding domains. The placement of the insertions was important for the maintenance of DNA binding. As the number of insertions increased, the protein's affinity for the natural operator decreased, approaching activity for non-specific DNA. Another mutation introduced within the hinge region involved the addition of a disulfide bond across partner hinges within the dimer of LacI. This alteration apparently stabilizes the N-termini to a significant degree and prevents operator dissociation in the presence of inducer for the oxidized protein. This mutant protein in both oxidized and reduced forms also demonstrated high affinity for the natural operator as well as several variant constructs.\nThese mutants offered the potential to study the effect of operator sequence on the protein's interaction with DNA. Variant operators were constructed that altered the spacing and/or the symmetry of the half-sites. A broad range of responses are reported, some of which were not predicted based on the wild-type operator binding or inducibility for the particular protein under examination.\nIn composite, the results reported in this thesis confirm a key role for sequence and structure in the hinge region of this protein in determining both affinity for operator DNA (and variants) and the allosteric response to inducer. Perhaps more importantly, however, the binding properties of these mutant lactose repressors with operator DNA variants illuminate a less well understood and appreciated phenomenon---the role of non-contacted DNA sequence and therefore presumably conformation in this regulatory interaction. These observations provide a strong base for detailed exploration of the mechanisms by which DNA sequence variation influences binding parameters for regulatory proteins.
The Genome Sequence of ‘Mycobacterium massiliense’ Strain CIP 108297 Suggests the Independent Taxonomic Status of the Mycobacterium abscessus Complex at the Subspecies Level (2013)

Members of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex are rapidly growing mycobacteria that are emerging as human pathogens. The M. abscessus complex was previously composed of three species, namely M. abscessus sensu stricto, 'M. massiliense', and 'M. bolletii'. In 2011, 'M. massiliense' and 'M. bolletii' were united and reclassified as a single subspecies within M. abscessus: M. abscessus subsp. bolletii. However, the placement of 'M. massiliense' within the boundary of M. abscessus subsp. bolletii remains highly controversial with regard to clinical aspects. In this study, we revisited the taxonomic status of members of the M. abscessus complex based on comparative analysis of the whole-genome sequences of 53 strains. The genome sequence of the previous type strain of 'Mycobacterium massiliense' (CIP 108297) was determined using next-generation sequencing. The genome tree based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) values supported the differentiation of 'M. bolletii' and 'M. massiliense' at the subspecies level. The genome tree also clearly illustrated that 'M. bolletii' and 'M. massiliense' form a distinct phylogenetic clade within the radiation of the M. abscessus complex. The genomic distances observed in this study suggest that the current M. abscessus subsp. bolletii taxon should be divided into two subspecies, M. abscessus subsp. massiliense subsp. nov. and M. abscessus subsp. bolletii, to correspondingly accommodate the previously known 'M. massiliense' and 'M. bolletii' strains.
Regulation of Compound Leaf Development by PHANTASTICA in Medicago truncatula (2013)

Plant leaves, simple or compound, initiate as peg-like structures from the peripheral zone of the shoot apical meristem, which requires class I KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOXI (KNOXI) transcription factors to maintain its activity. The MYB domain protein encoded by the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1/ROUGH SHEATH2/PHANTASTICA (ARP) gene, together with other factors, excludes KNOXI gene expression from incipient leaf primordia to initiate leaves and specify leaf adaxial identity. However, the regulatory relationship between ARP and KNOXI is more complex in compound-leafed species. Here, we investigated the role of ARP and KNOXI genes in compound leaf development in Medicago truncatula. We show that the M. truncatula phantastica mutant exhibited severe compound leaf defects, including curling and deep serration of leaf margins, shortened petioles, increased rachises, petioles acquiring motor organ characteristics, and ectopic development of petiolules. On the other hand, the M. truncatula brevipedicellus mutant did not exhibit visible compound leaf defects. Our analyses show that the altered petiole development requires ectopic expression of ELONGATED PETIOLULE1, which encodes a lateral organ boundary domain protein, and that the distal margin serration requires the auxin efflux protein M. truncatula PIN-FORMED10 in the M. truncatula phantastica mutant.
Role of HDL, ABCA1, and ABCG1 Transporters in Cholesterol Efflux and Immune Responses (2009)

Atherosclerosis has been characterized as a chronic inflammatory response to cholesterol deposition in arteries, but the mechanisms linking cholesterol accumulation in macrophage foam cells to inflammation are poorly understood. Macrophage cholesterol efflux occurs at all stages of atherosclerosis and protects cells from free cholesterol and oxysterol-induced toxicity. The ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 are responsible for the major part of macrophage cholesterol efflux to serum or HDL in macrophage foam cells, but other less efficient pathways such as passive efflux are also involved. Recent studies have shown that the sterol efflux activities of ABCA1 and ABCG1 modulate macrophage expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as lymphocyte proliferative responses. In macrophages, transporter deficiency causes increased signaling via various Toll-like receptors including TLR4. These studies have shown that the traditional roles of HDL and ABC transporters in cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport are mechanistically linked to antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive functions of HDL. The underlying mechanisms may involve modulation of sterol levels and lipid organization in cell membranes.
Endogenous Virus and Hepatitis C Virus-Like Particle Budding in BHK-21 Cells (2003)

A recent paper by H. J. Ezelle and coworkers reported the generation of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-like particles by using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector (4).The authors inserted the contiguous HCV Core, E1, and E2 coding region into the VSV genome, and recombinant VSV producing the three HCV structural proteins were used to infect the BHK-21 cell line.With this strategy, the authors claimed to have obtained the complete budding of HCV-like particles, visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cytoplasmic vacuoles derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).In their Fig. 3 (panels C and D) they indicate "HCV-like virions," described as 40-to 80-nm particles exhibiting an electron-dense core with an envelope, fully released into the ER lumen (4).Unfortunately, we believe that these particles represent the endogenous viruses of BHK-21 cells known as intracisternal R-type particles that have been widely described elsewhere (3, 6, 7).Our group is experienced in the transfection of BHK-21 cells with various constructs encoding viral structural proteins (1, 2, 5).We have frequently observed these intracisternal R-type particles in untransfected BHK-21 studied by TEM (arrowheads in Fig. 1A).In our most recent study, we used a recombinant Semliki forest virus (SFV) replicon to express, in BHK-21 cells, the genes encoding HCV structural proteins (1).The self-assembly of HCV proteins at the ER membrane was associated with the budding of HCV-like particles towards the ER lumen.These HCV-like particles could not be confused with the particles endogenous to BHK-21, as seen in Fig. 1B.HCV-like virions consist of a core-like particle, 30 to 35 nm in diameter, surrounded by an electron-dense ER-derived envelope, yielding a much darker particle with a total diameter of 50 to 60 nm (Fig. 1B,arrow).In our study, these HCV-like particles appeared to display abortive budding in BHK-21 cells.Indeed, few particles were fully released from the ER membrane (1).This is consistent with the low levels of HCV structural proteins detected in the transfected cell supernatant.A similar absence of HCV structural protein secretion was reported by H. J. Ezelle and coworkers in studies of BHK-21 cells infected with recombinant VSV (4).Despite the inefficiency of particle secretion, both the SFV and VSV expression systems may be valuable tools for studies of virus assembly mechanisms and virus-host cell interactions.Nevertheless, we would like to emphasize that no system in which the complete budding of HCV-like particles is observed has yet been developed.
SOA: Trends and Directions (2009)

While many organizations have adopted SOA there are recent indications that not all organizations are willing to make substantial investments in new skills and technologies required for the transition to SOA in the current economic climate. The recent emergence of Cloud Computing is continuing the trend of delivering enterprise applications and IT infrastructure in the form of externally sourced services, providing an alternative to on-premise solutions. The convergence of Cloud Computing and Web 2.0 is redefining the very basis on which the computer industry has operated for decades, challenging some of the basic SOA assumptions and principles. In this paper we discuss the synergies between the above technology trends and consider the likely impact of these trends on enterprise computing.
Investigation of Surface Alkylation Strategy in SOMC: In Situ Generation of a Silica-Supported Tungsten Methyl Catalyst for Cyclooctane Metathesis (2016)

An efficient and potentially scalable method is described for the synthesis of the silica-supported complexes [(≡Si–O−)WMe5] and [(≡Si–O−)WMe2(≡CH)] obtained by in situ alkylation of the surface-grafted tungsten chloride [(≡Si–O−)WCl5] (1). [(≡Si–O−)WCl5] can be readily prepared by the reaction of commercially available and stable tungsten hexachloride WCl6 with partially dehydroxylated silica at 700 °C (SiO2-700). Further reaction with ZnMe2 at room temperature rapidly forms a mixture of surface-alkylated tungsten complexes. They were fully characterized by microanalysis, FTIR, mass balance, and solid-state NMR (1H, 13C, 1H–13C HETCOR, 1H–1H double quantum and triple quantum) and identified as [(≡Si–O−)WMe5] and another product, [(≡Si–O−)WMe2(≡CH)]. The latter might have been generated by partial decomposition of the tungsten methyl chloride compound, which is formed during the stepwise alkylation of [(≡Si–O−)WCl5]. DFT calculations were carried out to check the relative stability of the tungsten methyl chloride intermediates and the feasibility of the reaction and corroborate the experimental results. This tungsten complex and its derivative were found to be active catalysts for the metathesis of cyclooctane.
Unlocking the Limits of Sand Screen Reliability with an Innovative and Self-Adapting Technology (2011)

Abstract Sand screens subjected to increasingly complex and challenging environments are pushed to the limit of maintaining reliable sand control. Both preventive and reactive methods have considerably improved sand screen reliability, but the effectiveness of these methods in sustaining production is still limited by downhole uncertainties. Consequently, innovative sand screens are required to enhance sand control reliability, while maintaining operational simplicity. MazeFlo™ is one recent technology innovation from ExxonMobil designed to meet this challenge. MazeFlo technology takes a self-adapting approach to enhance sand screen reliability. The technology utilizes a redundant sand screen and compartment maze to self-mitigate sand breakthrough caused by screen damage. The sand ingress is restricted in a local compartment without interrupting the overall well production. A 2?" prototype screen has been designed, fabricated, tested, and qualified for field installations. This paper will highlight the qualification of this new screen through a series of mechanical tests and concludes with a field test designed to subject the screens to an extreme producing environment. The mechanical performance was evaluated under various load bearing conditions including collapse, burst, bending, torsion, tension, compression, and push-off. The results proved that there were no constraints to the self-mitigating capability of this new screen when subjected to this rigorous testing program. The field qualification test was conducted in an existing sand-prone well producing at high local flux to demonstrate screen functionality in an "uncertain" production environment versus a controlled, laboratory experiment. The field test demonstrated successful installation, downhole self-mitigating capability, and sustained sand-free production. This unique, self-adapting technology unlocks the limits of sand screen reliability and provides an innovative and unique option for sand control completions to sustain production. The dedicated collaboration between operator and service supplier delivers continued success in developing innovative technology from concept to field installation.
FOCUSSED ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY ARRAYS: SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS* (1981)

A bstract The “Laterolog 7′’and the “Microlaterolog’ have been studied theoretically for the case of a conducting halfspace containing a single overburden, using a technique based on the method of images. The results have shown these focussed arrays to be more sensitive to the lower medium (i.e., having greater depth of investigation) than unfocussed ones of the same dimensions, when the “correct’ geometric factor is used. The geometric factor of a focussed electrode array is somewhat involved, and is explained with reference to an ideal focussed array; such an array would pass a measuring current of constant intensity into a fixed geometrical shape of conducting material, irrespective of any layering or any other heterogenities that may be present, using auxiliary current sources of variable magnitude. This concept of a constant amount of current flowing in a beam of fixed geometry and current density, is the basis of focussed arrays, and it is shown that the geometric factor, used to calculate the apparent resistivity, is the one derived when considering the homogeneous case. The value of the constant measuring current, alone, is used to convert the measured potential difference into a resistance, the ratio between this value and the combined intensities of the auxiliary current sources, for the homogeneous case, being incorporated into the geometric factor. Surprisingly good agreement was found between the theoretical models and practical experiments using a focussing seabed resistivity probe which is a substantial modification of the “Microlaterolog”. Both show similar deviations from the ideal case which are explained in terms of refraction at the overburden interface. All experiments indicated that focussed arrays have a greater depth of investigation than similar unfocussed ones for a single overburden, whether it be resistive or conductive.
Identification of methotrexate transport deficiency in mammalian cells using fluoresceinated methotrexate and flow cytometry. (1987)

We have studied the frequency of transport mutations in methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells using a rapid-flow cytometric technique. After saturating cells with fluoresceinated methotrexate, we examined the ability of hydrophilic and lipophilic antifolates to displace fluoresceinated methotrexate binding to dihydrofolate reductase. Cells with methotrexate transport deficiency are unable to take up methotrexate and thus retain the fluorescence, whereas the lipophilic antifolates displace fluoresceinated methotrexate equally well in sensitive and resistant cell lines. These resistant clones fail to take up methotrexate and occur with high frequencies upon single-step selections at methotrexate concentrations approximately equal to 7-fold the 50% killing concentration. The majority of such first-step resistant clones appear to derive their resistance solely from transport deficiency; they exhibit no overproduction of dihydrofolate reductase and no increase in either steady-state mRNA levels or gene copy number. Possible applications of the use of fluoresceinated methotrexate to the characterization of various mechanisms of methotrexate resistance in mixed cell populations are discussed.
电—磁—机械磨对粉体的高强度粉磨作用 (2001)

本文介绍了电-磁-机械(EMM)磨机的高强度粉磨效果.在EMM磨机中由于几种力同时作用使粉体以非常特殊和强烈的方式被处理.磨机工作腔中心的粉磨能量大约在2 MW/m3水平,比常规磨机要高出许多.而且粉磨时间非常短,也就是几十秒钟.平均粒径为155μm的自碎散Fe-Al-Si粉体经120 s粉磨后粒径降至8μm,产率为25%物料粒径小于1.3 μm.特别硬的物料(如SiC和B4C)在EMM磨机中磨120 s后,其粒径降为原来的1/30.Fe2O3粉体的粉磨结果更佳.用球磨机、振动磨机、行星磨机获得类似粒度所需要的粉磨时间要长百倍.用EMM磨机粉磨获得的Fe-Al-Si粉体适用于粉末冶金烧结、等离子喷涂或激光表面合金化等加工过程.
A monolithic PNGase F enzyme microreactor enabling glycan mass mapping of glycoproteins by mass spectrometry (2005)

We demonstrate a simple and rapid single-step method to fabricate an enzyme microreactor incorporating the N-glycosidase PNGase F (peptide-N-glycosidase F) into a porous polymer-based monolith. The monolith is contained in a capillary format, while the enzyme reactor is ready to use within 1 h of preparation. The monomers making up the monolith, including N-acryloxysuccinimide for covalent immobilization of the enzyme, are mixed with PNGase F and introduced into the column by capillary force for polymerization/immobilization. Glycoproteins (ribonuclease B, asialofetuin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and ovalbumin) perfused through the PNGase F reactor were shown to be effectively deglycosylated on a time-scale of seconds/low minutes using low nanogram to microgram per microliter concentration (corresponding to a total sample consumption of 0.1-20 microg of a glycoprotein). The reactor enzyme activity was shown to be reproducible for at least 8 weeks when used and stored at room temperature. Evaluation was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Sub-Doppler cooling of neutral atoms in a grating magneto-optical trap (2013)

The grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) requires only one beam and three planar diffraction gratings to form a cloud of cold atoms above the plane of the diffractors. Despite the complicated polarization arrangement, we demonstrate sub-Doppler cooling of Rb87 atoms to a temperature of 7.6(0.6)  μK through a multistage, far-detuned GMOT in conjunction with optical molasses. A decomposition of the electric field into polarization components for this geometry does not yield a mapping onto standard sub-Doppler laser-cooling configurations. With numerical simulations, we find that the polarization composition of the GMOT optical field, which includes σ and π polarized light, does produce sub-Doppler temperatures.
Potential antipsychotic agents. 9. Synthesis and stereoselective dopamine D-2 receptor blockade of a potent class of substituted (R)-N-[(1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]benzamides. Relations to other side chain congeners (1991)

A number of substituted N-[(1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]benzamides and -salicylamides have been prepared and investigated as dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists in vitro and in vivo. The affinity was found to be confined to the R enantiomer, in contrast to the corresponding N-ethyl or N-allyl derivatives. The X-ray structure of one of the compounds (15) confirmed the R stereochemistry. This compound (15) was found to adopt a solid-state conformation in which the 4-fluorobenzyl group is folded over the salicylamide moiety. Benzamides having a 2,3-dimethoxy substitution pattern (24 and 26) or salicylamides with a 5,6-dimethoxy grouping (21 and 22) were especially potent, in that they inhibited [3H]spiperone binding to rat striatal dopamine D-2 receptors in vitro with IC50 values of about 1 nM. The new compounds' ability to block apomorphine-induced stereotypies correlated with the affinity for the [3H]spiperone binding site. Higher dose levels were necessary to induce catalepsy than to block the apomorphine-induced responses. The influence of the aromatic substituents on the potency of substituted benzamides with three types of side chains, i.e. (R)-(1-benzyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, (S)-(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl and 1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl, was compared. The 3-bromo-5,6-dimethoxysalicylamide substitution pattern was found to be the most general since it gave very potent compounds in all series. The substituted (R)-N-[(1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]benzamides (26) and -salicylamides (22) are suitable for development into 18F radioligands without altering the parent structure.
A <scp>P</scp> hase <scp>IIb</scp> , randomized, placebo‐controlled study of the <scp>SGLT2</scp> inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (2013)

In patients with type 2 diabetes, empagliflozin resulted in dose-dependent, clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c and FPG, and reductions in body weight compared with placebo. Empagliflozin was well-tolerated with a favourable safety profile.