gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Anchorin CII (Cartilage Annexin V) in Human Young, Normal Adult, and Osteoarthritic Cartilage (1999)

In its tissue-specific function as a collagen receptor of chondrocytes, cartilage annexin V (anchorin CII) occupies a key position in the organization of the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) junction for the tissue. The general role of annexin V (Anx V) in other tissues suggests involvement in cellular secretory processes and in regulation of apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of Anx V in growth plate cartilage, confirmed by in situ hybridization, suggests that Anx V is prominently expressed and forms a major constituent of growth plate chondrocytes. Anx V epitopes are also located in the pericellular matrix of hypertrophic cartilage. In adult articular cartilage the expression is downregulated, with the highest levels of immunostaining found in the upper third of the articular cartilage layers and almost no antigen found in the deep layers. Osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage is characterized by a significant upregulation of message and protein throughout the entire depth of the tissue, an accumulation of cytoplasmic annexin V epitopes, and a release of epitopes into the pericellular and interterritorial matrix, in part co-localized with granular structures. Therefore, Anx V expression and tissue distribution may serve as a histological marker for metabolic alterations and for changes in the cellular phenotype associated with OA.
On the Identification Device Management and Data Capture via WinRFID1 Edge-Server (2007)

In this paper, we present a layered architecture and approach for creating a high performance edge server called reader coordinator (RC) for managing variety of automatic identification hardware such as radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, RFID printer, sensor, barcode scanner, or a controllable device (e.g., programmable logic controller). A unique hardware abstraction approach is used to provide device extensibility and manageability. Rule-based device configuration and control which allows the real-time changing of system behavior is presented. Various data encoding schemes used to accommodate data captured by a device and used as the input of rule based data filtration and aggregation are discussed. We discuss a mechanism of building self-governed automation processing in the data capture process. Performance is measured by using virtual reader that generates high volume of data at high speed. The measurement shows the RC is capable of handling such data.
Efficient texture representation and sampling algorithms for real-time rendering (2013)

Στα γραφικά με υπολογιστές, ο στόχος των αλγορίθμων φωτορεαλιστικής απόδοσης είναι να δημιουργήσουν πειστικές εικόνες, δεδομένης της περιγραφής μιας σκηνής. Ωστόσο, η σύνθεση ρεαλιστικών εικόνων εξακολουθεί να είναι ένας άπιαστος στόχος στα γραφικά πραγματικού χρόνου, όπου οι τελικές εικόνες θα πρέπει να δημιουργηθούν μέσα σε κλάσματα του δευτερολέπτου. Λόγω αυτής της πολύ αυστηρής απαίτησης, οι εικόνες που δημιουργούνται σε πραγματικό χρόνο συνήθως χαρακτηρίζονται από διάφορες ατέλειες, όπως θολές επιφάνειες με χαμηλή ευκρίνεια, διάφορα ψεγάδια που οφείλονται σε φαινόμενα ταύτισης στο πεδίο του χώρου και του χρόνου, καθώς και μη ρεαλιστικό φωτισμό.Ο στόχος αυτής της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η βελτίωση της ποιότητας των γραφικών σε πραγματικό χρόνο, μέσω νέων αλγορίθμων αποτελεσματικότερης αναπαράστασης και δειγματοληψίας υφών. Αρχικά παρουσιάζουμε δυο νέες μεθόδους για την συμπίεση των υφών και του καταχωρητή εικόνας, οι οποίες μειώνουν τον απαιτούμενο χώρο αποθήκευσης στην μνήμη γραφικών. Έπειτα, παρουσιάζουμε μια μέθοδο που βελτιώνει την ευκρίνεια της υφής των επιφανειών, όταν αυτές παρατηρούνται από υψηλές γωνίες θέασης ή όταν γίνεται χρήση συντεταγμένων υφής που είναι στρεβλωμένες με ακραίο τρόπο. Η συγκεκριμένη μέθοδος που παρουσιάζουμε βασίζεται σε αλγόριθμους υψηλής πιστότητας ελλειπτικής δειγματοληψίας και αναπτύχθηκε για να εκτελείται στις ειδικές μονάδες επεξεργασίας γραφικών. Τέλος, προτείνουμε την χρήση μιας ογκομετρικής αναπαράστασης της σκηνής, η οποία αποθηκεύεται στην μνήμη ως μια τρισδιάστατη υφή, για τον υπολογισμό του ολικού φωτισμού σε δυναμικές σκηνές. Για τον σκοπό αυτό παρουσιάζουμε αποδοτικούς αλγορίθμους για την δημιουργία αυτής της αναπαράστασης και την δειγματοληψία της.
Localization of a Brain Sulfotransferase, SULT4A1, in the Human and Rat Brain: An Immunohistochemical Study (2003)

Cytosolic sulfotransferases are believed to play a role in the neuromodulation of certain neurotransmitters and drugs. To date, four cytosolic sulfotransferases have been shown to be expressed in human brain. Recently, a novel human brain sulfotransferase has been identified and characterized, although its role and localization in the brain are unknown. Here we present the first immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of SULT4A1 in human brain using an affinity-purified polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant human SULT4A1. These results are supported and supplemented by the IHC localization of SULT4A1 in rat brain. In both human and rat brains, strong reactivity was found in several brain regions, including cerebral cortex, cerebellum, pituitary, and brainstem. Specific signal was entirely absent on sections for which preimmune serum from the corresponding animal, processed in the same way as the postimmune serum, was used in the primary screen. The findings from this study may assist in determining the physiological role of this SULT isoform.
Acting, Planning, and Learning Using Hierarchical Operational Models (2020)

The most common representation formalisms for planning are descriptive models that abstractly describe what the actions do and are tailored for efficiently computing the next state(s) in a state-transition system. However, real-world acting requires operational models that describe how to do things, with rich control structures for closed-loop online decision-making in a dynamic environment. Use of a different action model for planning than the one used for acting causes problems with combining acting and planning, in particular for the development and consistency verification of the different models. As an alternative, this dissertation defines and implements an integrated acting-and-planning system in which both planning and acting use the same operational models, which are written in a general-purpose hierarchical task-oriented language offering rich control structures. The acting component, called Reactive Acting Engine (RAE), is inspired by the well-known PRS system, except that instead of being purely reactive, it can get advice from a planner. The dissertation also describes three planning algorithms which plan by doing several Monte Carlo rollouts in the space of operational models. The best of these three planners, Plan-with-UPOM uses a UCT-like Monte Carlo Tree Search procedure called UPOM (UCT Procedure for Operational Models), whose rollouts are simulated executions of the actor's operational models. The dissertation also presents learning strategies for use with RAE and UPOM that acquire from online acting experiences and/or simulated planning results, a mapping from decision contexts to method instances as well as a heuristic function to guide UPOM. The experimental results show that Plan-with-UPOM and the learning strategies significantly improve the acting efficiency and robustness of RAE. It can be proved that UPOM converges asymptotically by mapping its search space to an MDP. The dissertation also describes a real-world prototype of RAE and Plan-with-UPOM to defend software-defined networks, a relatively new network management architecture, against incoming attacks.
Structures and properties of easily dyeable copolyesters and their fibers respectively modified by three kinds of diols (2012)

Abstract Three kinds of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolyesters were synthesized, using sodium‐5‐sulfo‐bis‐(hydroxyethyl)‐isophthalate as the third monomer, 1,3‐propanediol (PDO), 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol (MPD), and 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol (neopentyl glycol or NPG) as the fourth monomer, respectively. The copolyester fibers were also prepared by melt spinning and drawing processes. The effect of PDO, MPD, and NPG on the synthesis and spinning process was investigated, and the structures and properties of both copolyesters and the produced fibers were characterized. The results exhibited that the structural difference of PDO, MPD, and NPG played an important role in the synthesis and spinning process, and significantly affected the structures and properties of both copolyesters and the produced fibers, which thereby resulted in the difference in terms of dyeability improvement of copolyester fibers. The dyeing at boiling temperature under normal pressure experiments of copolyester fibers in both disperse dyebath and cationic dyebath revealed that incorporation of the fourth monomer could improve the dyeability of copolyester fiber, and copolyester fiber containing MPD unit had better dyeability due to a looser, more accessible structure when compared with the fiber containing PDO or NPG unit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Design and Synthesis of Phosphonoacetic Acid (PPA) Ester and Amide Bioisosters of Ribofuranosylnucleoside Diphosphates as Potential Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors and Evaluation of Their Enzyme Inhibitory, Cytostatic and Antiviral Activity (2003)

Continuing our investigations on inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the crucial enzyme that catalyses the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, we have now prepared and evaluated 5'-phosphonoacetic acid, amide and ester analogues of adenosine, uridine and cytidine with the aim to verify both substrate specificity and contribution to biological activity of diphosphate mimic moieties. A molecular modelling study has been conducted on the RNR R1 subunit, in order to verify the possible interaction of the proposed bioisosteric moieties. The study compounds were finally tested on the recombinant murine RNR showing a degree of inhibition that ranged from 350 microM for the UDP analogue 5'-deoxy-5'-N-(phosphon-acetyl)uridine sodium salt (amide) to 600 microM for the CDP analogue 5'-O-[(diethyl-phosphon)acetyl]cytidine (ester). None of the tested compounds displayed noteworthy cytostatic activity at 100-500 microM concentrations, whereas ADP analogue 5'-N-[(diethyl-phosphon) acetyl]adenosine (amide) and 5'-deoxy-5'-N-(phosphon-acetyl)adenosine sodium salt (amide) showed a moderate inhibitory activity (EC50: 48 microM) against HSV-2 and a modest inhibitory activity (EC50: 110 microM) against HIV-1, respectively.
GSI-I (Z-LLNle-CHO) inhibits γ-secretase and the proteosome to trigger cell death in precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2011)

Gamma secretase inhibitors (GSIs) comprise a growing class of compounds that interfere with the membrane-bound Notch signaling protein and its downstream intra-nuclear transcriptional targets. As GSI-I (Z-LLNle-CHO) is also a derivative of a widely used proteosome inhibitor MG-132, we hypothesized that this compound might be active in precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines and patient samples. We found that GSI-I treatment of precursor-B ALL blasts induced apoptotic cell death within 18-24 h. With confirmation using RNA and protein analyses, GSI-I blocked nuclear accumulation of cleaved Notch1 and Notch2, and inhibited Notch targets Hey2 and Myc. Microarray analyses of 207 children with high-risk precursor-B ALL demonstrate that Notch pathway expression is a common feature of these neoplasms. However, microarray studies also implicated additional transcriptional targets in GSI-I-dependent cell death, including genes in the unfolded protein response, nuclear factor-κB and p53 pathways. Z-LLNle-CHO blocks both γ-secretase and proteosome activity, inducing more robust cell death in precursor-B ALL cells than either proteosome-selective or γ-secretase-selective inhibitors alone. Using Z-LLNle-CHO in a nonobese diabetes/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) precursor-B ALL xenograft model, we found that GSI-I alone delayed or prevented engraftment of B-lymphoblasts in 50% of the animals comprising the experimental group, suggesting that this compound is worthy of additional testing.
Notes: Metalation of Polystyrene (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: Metalation of PolystyreneAvery Morton and Lloyd TaylorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 8, 1167–1169Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online11 July 2003Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01090a632https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01090a632research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laboratory Identification of Clinically Important Aerobic Actinomycetes (1973)

A battery of morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests, including paper chromatographic analysis of whole cell hydrolysates, was used to study 177 cultures of aerobic actinomycetes. One hundred thirty-five of the 177 were submitted as diagnostic laboratory specimens; of these, 129 were identified as belonging to 1 of 10 genus or species groups. The tests and procedures used were found to be relatively easy to perform and interpret. On the basis of the results, a flow chart was devised to permit the step by step identification of unknown clinical isolates of these organisms.
Study on tunable electrically small antennas (2009)

Cognitive Radio systems require antennas and microwave components to be actively tuned for different parts of the frequency spectrum. In this paper results of a study of two antenna tuning techniques are presented here. The first tunable antenna is a liquid crystal (LC) tuned microstrip patch antenna operating in the 5 GHz range. The simulated tuning range is 8% while the measurements showed a range of 4%. Losses in the LC material at these frequencies give rise to antenna efficiencies ranging from 40% to around 20% when the LC is in the unbiased state. The second antenna is a reconfigurable PIFA which is able to cover 7 frequency bands by changing the combination of 4 MEMS switches.
Generation of HPV Pseudovirions Using Transfection and Their Use in Neutralization Assays (2005)

It has recently become possible to generate high-titer papillomavirus-based gene-transfer vectors. The vectors, also known as papillomavirus pseudoviruses (PsV), have been useful for studying papillomavirus assembly, entry, and neutralization, and may have future utility as laboratory gene-transfer tools or vaccine vehicles. This chapter outlines a simple method for production of PsV and their use in a high-throughput papillomavirus neutralization assay. The production method is based on transfection of a 293 cell line, 293TT, engineered to express high levels of SV40 large T antigen. The cells are co-transfected with codon-modified papillomavirus capsid genes, L1 and L2, together with a pseudogenome plasmid containing the SV40 origin of replication. Pseudogenome encapsidation within L1/L2 capsids is largely sequence independent, and plasmids entirely lacking PV sequences can be packaged efficiently, provided they are less than 8 kilobases in size. Non-infectious virus-like particles (VLPs) can also be produced after transfection of 293TT cells with L1 alone. Efficient purification of the PsV or VLPs is achieved by Optiprep (iodixanol) density gradient ultracentrifugation. Using these methods, it is possible to produce highly purified PsV with yields of at least 10(9) transducing units from a single 75-cm2 flask of cells. PsV encapsidating a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter plasmid were used to develop a high-throughput in vitro neutralization assay in a 96-well plate format. Infection of 293TT cells is monitored by SEAP activity in the culture supernatant, using a highly sensitive chemiluminescent reporter system. Antibody-mediated PsV neutralization is detected by a reduction in SEAP activity. The neutralization assay has similar analytic sensitivity to, and higher specificity than, a standard VLP-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Plasmid DNA-based alphavirus expression vectors for nucleic acid immunization. (1998)

Alphavirus-derived vectors are being developed for vaccine, gene therapy and recombinant protein production applications, based in part on observations of transient, high level expression of heterologous genes in eukaryotic cells. Efficient means for launching the RNA alphavirus genome from RNA polymerase II expression cassettes have been developed, obviating the need for transcription in vitro of long cDNA templates. One system being developed from this technology is a layered plasmid DNA vector which, when inoculated directly into animal muscle, launches a self-amplifying alphavirus vector, resulting in subsequent induction of comparatively robust immune responses specific for the expressed antigen.
Production of Haploids and Doubled Haploids in Maize (2012)

The in vivo haploid induction approach offers several advantages compared to the in vitro induction approach and recurrent self-pollination. It is currently the method of choice for inbred line development in many commercial maize breeding programs. Here, we describe the in vivo approach for generation of maternal doubled haploids (DHs). It involves four steps: (1) induction of haploidy by pollinating source germplasm with pollen of a haploid inducer; (2) identification of putative haploid seeds (seeds with a haploid embryo) using a seed coloration marker system; (3) doubling of chromosomes of putative haploids by treating seedlings with a mitotic inhibitor; and (4) verification of putative doubled haploids with a stalk color marker and self-pollination of true doubled haploid plants to multiply their seed.
Semiconductor waveguide phase comparator (1988)

A phase comparator based on two cascaded semiconductor electroabsorption waveguide modulators is demonstrated for the first time. The operation principle of this device is derived and experimentally confirmed.
Sub-Optimal Quarter-Pixel Inter-Prediction Algorithm (SQIA) (2006)

Motion estimation (ME) is an important part of modern video coding systems to exploit temporary redundancy in a video. Motion estimation is typically per-formed firstly with integer-pixel accuracy and then at sub-pixel accuracy, which includes half-pixel and quarter-pixel accuracy. When sophisticated fast integer-pixel accuracy motion-search algorithms are used to decrease the number of search points for integer-pixel motion search, quarter-pixel motion search becomes another important processing bottleneck in the encoding process. The conventional method is to search 8 half-pixel positions around the motion vector (MV) obtained from integer-pixel motion search, then do motion search in the same way on 8 quarter-pixel positions around the MV obtained from the half-pixel motion search, therefore, in total, 16 search points are needed. The proposed algorithm, named sub-optimal quarter-pixel inter-prediction algorithm (SQIA), successfully optimizes the quarter-pixel motion search part and improves the processing speed with low PSNR penalty.
Structural and Functional Conservation Between Yeast and Human 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductases, the Rate-Limiting Enzyme of Sterol Biosynthesis (1988)

The pathway of sterol biosynthesis is highly conserved in all eucaryotic cells. We demonstrated structural and functional conservation of the rate-limiting enzyme of the mammalian pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans. The amino acid sequence of the two yeast HMG-CoA reductase isozymes was deduced from DNA sequence analysis of the HMG1 and HMG2 genes. Extensive sequence similarity existed between the region of the mammalian enzyme encoding the active site and the corresponding region of the two yeast isozymes. Moreover, each of the yeast isozymes, like the mammalian enzyme, contained seven potential membrane-spanning domains in the NH2-terminal region of the protein. Expression of cDNA clones encoding either hamster or human HMG-CoA reductase rescued the viability of hmg1 hmg2 yeast cells lacking this enzyme. Thus, mammalian HMG-CoA reductase can provide sufficient catalytic function to replace both yeast isozymes in vivo. The availability of yeast cells whose growth depends on human HMG-CoA reductase may provide a microbial screen to identify new drugs that can modulate cholesterol biosynthesis.
[Histopathological and ultracytochemical observation of mucosa on the eustachian tube and middle ear with experimental secretory otitis media]. (2003)

The cartilage mucosa on eustachian tube is possessed of very strong function of natural defence for inflammatory disease. Surfactant-like substance are important in maintaining the physiological function of the eustachian tube. These studies provide a basis for further experimental research and clinical treatment for secretory otitis media.
Cecal Spirochetosis in Commercial Laying Hens (1994)

Cecal spirochetosis in chickens has been associated with enteric disease and reduced egg production in the United States and Europe. This report describes spirochete overgrowth of cecal mucosa in chickens from a flock of 100,000 commercial layers experiencing diarrhea and a 5% drop in egg production. Spirochetes were demonstrated in the ceca by darkfield and light microscopy. Apical surfaces of cecal enterocytes were covered by a dense layer of spirochetes aligned parallel to each other and perpendicular to the mucosal surface. Weakly beta-hemolytic, indole-negative spirochetes were isolated from the ceca on BJ media under anaerobic conditions at 42 C. Chicken cecal spirochetosis may represent an economically significant enteric disease of laying hens which has heretofore been infrequently recognized.
Preparation of graphene-encapsulated magnetic microspheres for protein/peptide enrichment and MALDI-TOF MS analysis (2012)

The Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)@graphene microspheres were prepared and demonstrated to be highly efficient enrichment materials for proteins and peptides in MALDI-TOF MS analysis.