gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Green Cooperative Adaptive Control Systems in the Vicinity of Signalized Intersections (2014)

Vehicle stops and speed variations account for a large percentage of vehicle fuel losses especially at signalized intersections. Recently, researchers have attempted to develop tools that reduce these losses by capitalizing on traffic signal information received via vehicle connectivity with traffic signal controllers. Existing state-of-the-art approaches, however, only consider surrogate measures (e.g. number of vehicle stops, time spent accelerating and decelerating, and/or acceleration or deceleration levels) in the objective function and fail to explicitly optimize vehicle fuel consumption levels. Furthermore, the majority of these models do not capture vehicle acceleration and deceleration limitations in addition to vehicle-to-vehicle interactions as constraints within the mathematical program. The connectivity between vehicles and infrastructure, as achieved through Connected Vehicles technology, can provide a vehicle with information that was not possible before. For example, information on traffic signal changes, traffic slowdowns and even headway and speed of lead vehicles can be shared. The research proposed in this report uses this information and advanced computational models to develop fuel-efficient vehicle trajectories, which can either be used as guidance for drivers or can be attached to an electronic throttle controlled cruise control system. This control system is known as an Eco-Speed Control system. The modeling of the system constitutes a modified state-of-the-art path-finding algorithm within a dynamic programming framework to find near-optimal and near-real-time solutions to a complex non-linear programming problem that involves minimizing vehicle fuel consumption in the vicinity of signalized intersections. The results demonstrated savings of up to 30 percent in fuel consumption within the traffic signalized intersection vicinity. The proposed system was tested in an agent-based environment developed in MATLAB using the Rakha-Pasumarthy-Adjerid (RPA) car-following model as well as the Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) J2735 message set standards for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. The results showed how multi-vehicle interaction enhances usability of the system. Simulation of a calibrated real intersection showed average fuel savings of nearly 30 percent for peak volumes. The fuel reduction was high for low volumes and decreased as the traffic volumes increased.
Homoepitaxy of 6H and 4H SiC on nonplanar substrates (1998)

Growth by vapor phase epitaxy around stripe mesas and in trenches formed by reactive ion etch on 6H and 4H SiC substrates has been investigated. The mesas were aligned with the low index 〈112̄0〉 and 〈11̄00〉 directions, as well as with the high index 〈1,1+∛,2+∛¯,0〉 directions, in order to reveal and study the growth habit. It was found that a low C:Si ratio gave a smooth growth and small differences in growth rate between lattice planes. A larger C:Si ratio gave more faceted growth, both limited by surface kinetics and surface diffusion, and the growth rate was 10% lower in the [11̄00] direction and 10% higher in the [112̄0] direction, than on the substrate. Growth on mesas oriented parallel to the substrate off-orientation shows clear step-flow growth, while growth on mesas oriented perpendicular to the off-orientation reveals the singular (0001) plane, where islands are observed, which might indicate Stranski–Krastanov growth.
Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis as a method to treat severe anasarca in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (1999)

Severe anasarca in the course of ARDS can be effectively treated in pediatric patients with continuous flow peritoneal dialysis, resulting in a significant improvement in respiratory status.
Inductive link design for medical implants (2009)

This paper describes design principles to design and develop a transcutaneous link for medical implants using inductively coupled coils. Parameters which optimize link efficiency have been discussed in the light of previous studies and a simple design methodology to find optimized parameters for Class E amplifier and inductive coils is outlined. Paper also describes design of an indigenously developed transcutaneous link from commercial off-the-shelf components to demonstrate the design process. Simulation and practical results of the link developed at 2.5MHz for 100mW output power are provided. We were able to achieve 40% link efficiency with data rate of 128kbps from laboratory-based discrete electronic components.
A High Aspect Ratio and High Throughput Sio2 Planarization Technology with Bias-ECR Plasma Deposition (1987)

For the Bias-ECR plasma deposition, the SiO2 filling characteristics are improved by applying rf bias to the substrate. Further, the surface of the interconnections with the aspect ratio 2.0 can be planarized perfectly. The Bias-ECR plasma deposition utilizing the selective etching of 02 gas is effective for reducing the time of the planarization process. Therefore, the Bias-ECR plasma deposition is successfully applicable to the planarization of the submicron interconnection.
An example of substitution proceeding with retention in the S RN1 reaction. Trapping of a pyramidal benzylic radical by benzenethiolate ion (1981)

The SRN1 reaction of c-4-t-butyl-c-2-methyl-r-1-nitro-1-p-nitrophenylcyclohexane with sodium benzenethiolate in hexamethylphosphoramide, which proceeds with retention of configuration at C-1 at relatively high thiolate concentrations, and with competing inversion and retention at lower thiolate concentrations, implicates the formation and trapping of a pyramidal benzylic radical.
Self-aligned silicided (PtSi and CoSi<sub>2</sub>) ultra-shallow p<sup>+</sup>/n junctions (1987)

Ultra-shallow p+/n junctions (<100 nm) demonstrating excellent I-V characteristics have been fabricated with self-aligned PtSi. Junctions were formed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) 〈100〉 Si preamorphized with Sn+ and implanted with BF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> +. Subsequently, low-temperature RTA in N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> of sputter-deposited Pt produced a 55-nm-thick PtSi layer possessing a remarkably smooth surface and interface, and demonstrating excellent resistance to the aqua regia etch solution. The silicided junctions displayed a sheet resistance of 14 Ω/sq with less than -2-nA . cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> reverse-bias leakage at -5 V. In a comparative scheme, similar junction characteristics were obtained using a self-aligned 39-nm-thick CoSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> overlayer.
Potent and Selective Inhibitors of CK2 Kinase Identified through Structure-Guided Hybridization (2012)

In this paper we describe a series of 3-cyano-5-aryl-7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hits identified by kinase-focused subset screening as starting points for the structure-based design of conformationally constrained 6-acetamido-indole inhibitors of CK2. The synthesis, SAR, and effects of this novel series on Akt signaling and cell proliferation in vitro are described.
Effect of Crossflow on Sweep Efficiency in Water/Oil Displacements in Heterogeneous Reservoirs (1992)

ABSTRACT Fluid crossflow can significantly affect sweep efficiency in heterogeneous reservoirs. The importance of fluid crossflow relative to purely longitudinal convective transport in a two-dimensional setting depends on several factors. Rock properties such as porosity, permeability, the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability, and length scale of correlation are important factors. Fluid properties such as phase densities, phase viscosities, and interfacial tension are also factors. Coupled rock-fluid properties, for example, wettability, relative permeabilities, and capillary pressure are also factors. In addition to these factors, flow velocity, system dimensions, and boundary conditions also affect sweep efficiency. In this paper we examine the role of capillary forces, in addition to viscous and gravity forces, on sweep efficiency of immiscible displacements in a heterogeneous porous medium. A fully implicit, black oil, reservoir simulation model was used to compute displacement performance in two-dimensional, fine-grid (x-z) cross-sections. The results presented in this paper clearly show the importance of capillary crossflow as a recovery mechanism, in addition to viscous and gravity crossflow, in displacements in heterogeneous reservoirs.
Unsaturated macrocyclic compounds. LXXI. Synthesis of fully unsaturated 11-, 12-, and 13-membered sulfur heterocycles (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnsaturated macrocyclic compounds. LXXI. Synthesis of fully unsaturated 11-, 12-, and 13-membered sulfur heterocyclesA. B. Holmes and F. SondheimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 17, 5284–5285Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00720a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00720a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Different roles of IL-1 and TNF on hemodynamics and interorgan amino acid metabolism in awake dogs (1992)

The present study examines the effects of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on various hemodynamic parameters and interorgan fluxes of amino acids, glucose, and lactate in chronically catheterized awake dogs. The dogs received 5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 of either human recombinant IL-1 beta or TNF intravenously for 2 h. Hemodynamic parameters and substrate fluxes across the gut and liver were determined during and 2 h after discontinuation of the cytokine infusions. Substrate fluxes were calculated by blood flows and arteriovenous differences. Both IL-1 and TNF enhanced the uptake of alanine, uptake of lactate, and output of glucose by the liver. These changes were associated with elevated arterial levels of alanine and lactate while arterial levels of glucose decreased. Uptake of glutamine by the liver was reduced by either IL-1 or TNF infusions. The effects of IL-1 and TNF on the hemodynamic parameters and on gut amino acid metabolism varied with the cytokine infused. IL-1 produced hyperdynamic state, increased splanchnic blood flow, and enhanced glutamine uptake by the gut. TNF infusion did not cause a hyperdynamic state, nor did it alter the gut handling of amino acids. We conclude that IL-1 and TNF exert distinct different effects on the systemic and hemodynamic parameters and on interorgan balances of amino acids, glucose, and lactate across the gut and the liver.
Distributed Optimization Over Wireless Sensor Networks using Swarm Intelligence (2007)

In this work, we study how a group of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network could collaborate with each other to perform complicated signal processing (e.g. estimation and tracking) and optimization tasks through local communication and distributed computation. We develop a distributed evolutionary optimization framework based on a swarm intelligence principle. During the optimization process, we only use and share local estimation results through communication links. This scheme can significantly reduce the communication energy cost and reach fast convergence. We use target localization as an example to evaluate the performance of the proposed distributed optimization algorithm. Our simulation results demonstrate that it outperforms existing distributed optimization algorithms, such as distributed gradient search.
Suppression of leakage current in InGaAsP/InP buried heterostructure lasers by InAlAs strained current-blocking layers (1991)

InGaAsP/InP buried heterostructure (BH) lasers with InAlAs strained current-blocking layers are proposed. For use as a current-blocking material with a bandgap energy larger than that of InP, InAlAs is superior to InGaP. This is because a wide bandgap can be obtained in the InAlAs without large bandgap shrinkage caused by tensile strain. A two-dimensional simulation shows that the leakage current in BH lasers with thin pnpn blocking layers is suppressed up to 85°C by employing 100 Å In1−xAlxAs (x ≥ 0.54) layers.
Application of a novel thermostable NAD(P)H oxidase from hyperthermophilic archaeon for the regeneration of both NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADP<sup>+</sup> (2011)

A novel thermostable NAD(P)H oxidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1 (TkNOX) catalyzes oxidation of NADH and NADPH with oxygen from atmospheric air as an electron acceptor. Although the optimal temperature of TkNOX is >90°C, it also shows activity at 30°C. This enzyme was used for the regeneration of both NADP(+) and NAD(+) in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-catalyzed enantioselective oxidation of racemic 1-phenylethanol. NADP(+) regeneration at 30°C was performed by TkNOX coupled with (R)-specific ADH from Lactobacillus kefir, resulting in successful acquisition of optically pure (S)-1-phenylethanol. The use of TkNOX with moderately thermostable (S)-specific ADH from Rhodococcus erythropolis enabled us to operate the enantioselective bioconversion accompanying NAD(+) regeneration at high temperatures. Optically pure (R)-1-phenylethanol was successfully obtained by this system after a shorter reaction time at 45-60°C than that at 30°C, demonstrating an advantage of the combination of thermostable enzymes. The ability of TkNOX to oxidize both NADH and NADPH with remarkable thermostability renders this enzyme a versatile tool for regeneration of the oxidized nicotinamide cofactors without the need for extra substrates other than dissolved oxygen from air.
Hierarchical locative reasoning for autonomous mobile platforms (2002)

Describes a fuzzy-based approach to self localization to support real-time indoor robot navigation. The authors use a hierarchical representation of map and environmental objects that are perceived from sensors. Each perceived object is matched against a map object to obtain an estimate of the robot's location with respect to the map. The authors use fuzzy techniques to characterize partial matches, and to combine estimates discerned by distinct objects. The authors' approach has been tested on the SRI mobile robot, Flakey.
Convertibility verification and converter synthesis: two faces of the same coin [IP block interfaces] (2003)

An essential problem in component-based design is how to compose components designed in isolation. Several approaches have been proposed for speeding component interfaces that capture behavioral aspects such as interaction protocols, and for verifying interface compatibility. Likewise, several approaches have been developed for synthesizing converters between incompatible protocols. In this paper, we introduce the notion of adaptability as the property that two interfaces have when they can be made compatible by communicating through a converter that meets specified requirements. We show that verifying adaptability and synthesizing an appropriate converter are two faces of the same coin: adaptability can be formalized and solved using a game-theoretic framework and then the converter can be synthesized as a strategy that always wins the game. Finally we show that this framework can be related to the rectification problem in trace theory.
Resolving occlusion in augmented reality: a contour based approach without 3D reconstruction (2002)

We present a new approach for resolving occlusions in augmented reality. The main interest is that it does not require 3D reconstruction of the considered scene. Our idea is to use a contour based approach and to label each contour point as being "behind" or "in front of", depending on whether it is in front of or behind the virtual object. This labeling step only requires that the contours can be tracked from frame to frame. A proximity graph is then built in order to group the contours that belong to the same occluding object. Finally, we use some kind of active contours to accurately recover the mask of the occluding object.
High-quality and universal empirical atomic charges for chemoinformatics applications (2015)

We developed EEM parameters enabling the fast calculation of high-quality partial atomic charges for almost all drug-like molecules. In parallel, we provide a software solution for their easy computation (http://ncbr.muni.cz/eem_parameters). It enables the direct application of EEM in chemoinformatics.
Asymmetric Carbamoyl Anion Additions to Chiral <i>N</i>-Phosphonyl Imines via the GAP Chemistry Process and Stereoselectivity Enrichments (2014)

Carbamoyl anions were found to smoothly react with chiral N-phosphonyl imines in toluene at -78 °C to r.t. using LiHMDS as the base. Group-assisted purification (GAP) has been utilized to give the pure amides without using column chromatography or recrystallization. The asymmetric reaction resulted in chiral N-phosphonyl amino amides with good to excellent yields (71-99%) and good crude diastereoselectivities (dr 84:16-95:5). In this GAP procedure, the crude solids are washed with diethyl ether to afford the pure products, as revealed by (1)H NMR analysis; GAP washing consistently increases the diastereopurity of the products, resulting in excellent diastereoselectivities, often with final dr > 99:1. Interestingly, the diastereoenriched products can be obtained either in the ether solution or as the suspended solid, depending on the substrate.
Digital libraries (1997)

One advantage of reading the other domain columns before writing this one on digital libraries is seeing how interdependent all these different SIGGROUP threads really are. The rapid development of internetworking technology generally, and the World Wide Web specifically, simply magnifies these interdependencies. So while this column focuses on digital libraries, and not on cooperation, learning, work practices, or knowledge management, I feel that all these areas are mutually interdependent, and that advances in one will be felt in all. I expect that these domain columns will cross-reference each other.
GNSS - A users' perspective in 2010 (2004)

GPS is very widespread and is about to see improvement with wide-area augmentation in various parts of the world. With GPS III on the horizon and Galileo apparently running late, the two systems will largely be competing for the same business - but with Galileo charging for most of its services. With little perception of added value in Galileo, it is likely to be facing a huge task in breaking into the location market. The quest would be easier if Galileo were to become an infrastructure project of a caring community rather than a commercial undertaking.
A Hybrid Algorithm for the Shortest-Path Problem in the Graph (2008)

Quantum algorithms run on quantum computers are qualitatively different from those that run on classical computers. Quantum computing algorithms can be used for several problems in graph theory. Most of the classical algorithms involve searching over some space for finding the shortest-paths problem between two points in a graph and a minimal weight spanning tree. We modified classical Dijkstra's algorithm and implement quantum search instead of classical search, of which it will lead to more efficient algorithm. Also we proposed the structure for non-classical algorithms and design the various phases of the probabilistic quantum-classical algorithm for classical and quantum parts. Finally, we represent the result of implementing and simulating Dijkstra's algorithm as the probabilistic quantum-classical algorithm.
A 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS OPLL transmitter IC for GSM and DCS applications (2005)

A single-chip CMOS global system for mobile communications/digital cellular system dual-band offset phase-locked loop (OPLL) transmitter is presented in this paper. This chip includes a quadrature modulator and an OPLL modulation loop. Except for the loop filter and high-power voltage-controlled oscillator (TX VCO), everything is integrated into this chip to form a dual-band transmitter. This transmitter integrated circuit is fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The current consumption without the TX VCO is approximately 23 mA under 2.7-V power supply for both bands. The measured rms and peak phase errors for Gaussian minimum shift-keying (GMSK) modulated signals are approximately 1/spl deg/ and 2.4/spl deg/, respectively. The measurements show comparable performance to its BiCMOS counterparts.
Semidigital PLL Design for Low-Cost Low-Power Clock Generation (2011)

This paper describes recent semidigital architectures of the phase-locked loop (PLL) systems for low-cost low-power clock generation. With the absence of the time-to-digital converter (TDC), the semi-digital PLL (SDPLL) enables low-power linear phase detection and does not necessarily require advanced CMOS technology while maintaining a technology scalability feature. Two design examples in 0.18 μ m CMOS and 65 nm CMOS are presented with hardware and simulation results, respectively.
Thermal conductivities of some novel nonlinear optical materials (1994)

Results of thermal conductivity measurements are reported for several of the more recently developed nonlinear optical crystals. New or substantially revised values of thermal conductivity were obtained in six materials. Notable thermal conductivities measured were those for AgGaS(2) [0.014 W/(cm K) and 0.015 W/(cm K)], AgGaSe(2) [0.010 W/(cm K) and 0.011 W/(cm K)], beta barium borate [0.016 W/(cm K) and 0.012 W/(cm K)], and ZnGeP(2) [0.36 W/(cm K) and 0.35 W/(cm K)], with values quoted for directions respectively parallel and perpendicular to the optic axis for each material. These new data provide necessary input for the design of high-power optical frequency converters.