gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fixed channel assignment in cellular radio networks using a modified genetic algorithm (1998)

With the limited frequency spectrum and an increasing demand for cellular communication services, the problem of channel assignment becomes increasingly important. However, finding a conflict-free channel assignment with the minimum channel span is NP hard. Therefore, we formulate the problem by assuming a given channel span. Our objective is to obtain a conflict-free channel assignment among the cells, which satisfies both the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) constraints and traffic demand requirements. We propose an approach based on a modified genetic algorithm (GA). The approach consists of a genetic-fix algorithm that generates and manipulates individuals with fixed size (i.e., in binary representation, the number of ones is fixed) and a minimum-separation encoding scheme that eliminates redundant zeros in the solution representation. Using these two strategies, the search space can be reduced substantially. Simulations on the first four benchmark problems showed that this algorithm could achieve at least 80%, if not 100%, convergence to solutions within reasonable time. In the fifth benchmark problem, our algorithm found better solutions with shorter channel span than any existing algorithms. Such significant results indicate that our approach is indeed a good method for solving the channel-assignment problem.
Electric field forced phase switching in La-modified lead zirconate titanate stannate thin films (1994)

Electric field forced antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase switching has been demonstrated in thin films of Pb0.97La0.02(Zr,Ti,Sn)O3 perovskites for the first time. Several compositions in the tetragonal antiferroelectric phase field of this system were prepared in thin film form by a sol-gel technique. Forward and reverse switching threshold fields of 27–103 kV/cm and 18–62 kV/cm, respectively, were determined from polarization-electric field hysteresis and incremental capacitance data. Switching times as fast as 300 ns were recorded for one of the antiferroelectric compositions. An electric field induced longitudinal strain of 0.16% was measured for a film of composition (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.60Ti0.10Sn0.30)O3 using a laser ultradilatometer. These films are candidate materials for high charge storage integrated capacitors and microelectromechanical devices requiring large nonlinear strain response.
Isolation of a High Molecular Mass Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor from Bovine Lung Conditioned Medium (1982)

A high molecular mass type of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF-F) from bovine lung tissue produced by fibroblasts was isolated and partially purified by a four-step procedure. Following ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography, CSF-F was more than 200-fold enriched. CSF-F was found to be a glycoprotein of approximately 68 kDa with an isoelectric point of 4.0-5.2. It did not lose its biological activity after neuraminidase treatment. Gel-filtration behavior of desialo-CSF-F was not changed.
Point of collapse and continuation methods for large AC/DC systems (1993)

The implementation of both point of collapse (PoC) methods and continuation methods for the computation of voltage collapse points (saddle-node bifurcations) in large AC/DC power systems is described. The performance of these methods is compared for real systems of up to 2158 buses. Computational details of the implementation of the PoC and continuation methods are detailed, and the unique problems encountered due to the presence of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission, area interchange power control, regulating transformers, and voltage and reactive power limits are discussed. The characteristics of a robust PoC power flow program are presented, and its application to detection and solution of voltage stability problems is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
8. Legal Sanctions in Legislative Policy-Making (1958)

Analysis of sanctions aimed at diagnosing the nature of the prob lem that is encountered in the effort to effect changes by law has satisfactorily identified alternative control devices available. But the problem of the capabilities of various available control devices has been slighted as much by behavioral science as by the legal pro fession. The Association of American Law Schools will hold a Round Table Council on Legislation to attend to the improvement of insights and methods for designing legislative remedies, through joint con sideration by social scientists and the legal profession.
Specificity improvement of a recombinant anti-testosterone Fab fragment by CDRIII mutagenesis and phage display selection (1998)

The monoclonal antibodies so far developed by hybridoma technology have not had high enough specificity or affinity to distinguish the closely related steroid hormones in routine clinical assays. We have employed random mutagenesis and phage display approaches to improve the specificity of one anti-testosterone monoclonal antibody (3-C4F5). The affinity of the antibody is 0.3 x 10(9) M(-1) and the cross-reactivities with most of the related steroids are low. However, the antibody cross-reacts about 1% with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and owing to the high DHEAS serum concentration this is about 1000-fold too high for clinical immunoassays. The complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the heavy and light chains, which were predicted by molecular modelling to be in close contact with the testosterone (TES) ligand, were randomized and mutant Fab libraries were cloned into a phagemid vector. Binders were selected by a competitive panning procedure. By combining the identified light and heavy chain CDRIII mutations the TES affinity was preserved at the wild-type level but DHEAS cross-reactivity was decreased to 0.03%. An important finding was that by the competitive panning procedure the overall binding specificity of the 3-C4F5 antibody was refined, since the cross-reactivities to related steroids were also significantly decreased in the combined mutant.
Scalable and Decentralized Content-Aware Dispatching in Web Clusters (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient content-aware dispatching algorithm. Our approach eliminates the potential bottleneck and the single point of failure problems completely by using totally decentralized P2P architecture. It is scalable, the system throughput increases nearly linearly with the increased number of servers. Meanwhile, it does not introduce heavy communication overhead among back-end servers which appeared in the previous decentralized mechanisms. Our simulation results show that our approach is superior to the previous solutions.
Management of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: The Role of Emollient Therapy (2012)

Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder that afflicts a growing number of young children. Genetic, immune, and environmental factors interact in a complex fashion to contribute to disease expression. The compromised stratum corneum found in atopic dermatitis leads to skin barrier dysfunction, which results in aggravation of symptoms by aeroallergens, microbes, and other insults. Infants-whose immune system and epidermal barrier are still developing-display a higher frequency of atopic dermatitis. Management of patients with atopic dermatitis includes maintaining optimal skin care, avoiding allergic triggers, and routinely using emollients to maintain a hydrated stratum corneum and to improve barrier function. Flares of atopic dermatitis are often managed with courses of topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. This paper discusses the role of emollients in the management of atopic dermatitis, with particular emphasis on infants and young children.
Performance Analysis of Time Synchronization Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks with Regular Topologies (2010)

Performance Analysis of Time Synchronization Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks with Regular Topologies
Isolation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens for probiotic use (2008)

The isolated BPB could potentially be used in the poultry industry as probiotics to control pathogens.
Exciton dissociation, charge transport, and recombination in ultrathin, conjugated polymer-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>nanocrystal intermixed composites (1999)

A detailed study of the optoelectronic processes occurring in ultrathin ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ nanocrystal-conjugated polymer, poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) composites is presented. Composites of ultrathin films (about 100 nm) are studied spectroscopically and as the active medium in photovoltaic devices of the structure (Al/composite/indium tin oxide). By varying the weight ratio of the nanocrystals and using results of photoluminescence efficiency, photocurrent, and photovoltaic measurements and time-resolved microwave conductivity, we are able to construct a well-defined picture of the relevant processes in the composite: including exciton dissociation, charge transport, and recombination. We combine the experimental results with a hopping model for charge transport in a nanocrystal lattice (random walk or biased random walk) to determine the probability of electron collection as a function of distance from a collecting contact in a nanocrystal lattice. The combined results indicate that most photogenerated excitons lead to charge separation at the interface between the polymer and the nanocrystals above 20-wt % ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ nanocrystals, but the electron collection efficiency in photovoltaic devices is limited by fast recombination. The transport model indicates that even for a relatively long recombination time and a well-ordered nanocrystal lattice, most of the collected charge will originate from the first several nanocrystal layers at the electrode rather than from sites throughout the film, due to the recombination process. We also argue that the existence of a photocurrent in these and related devices is not necessarily evidence of charge transport through a network of the nanocrystals (or other component), as the quantum yields can be accounted for by interfacial charge transfer at the contact alone. Quantum yields for collecting charge following direct band-gap excitation of the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ are more than a factor of 10 larger than for excitation into the polymer, suggesting that either hole transfer to the polymer, or some preceding process, is rate limiting and much slower than the corresponding process following polymer excitation. We also examine the key differences between the mechanisms underlying conjugated polymer:nanocrystal devices and conventional, silicon pn devices.
Neural Encoding and Decoding with Deep Learning for Dynamic Natural Vision (2017)

Convolutional neural network (CNN) driven by image recognition has been shown to be able to explain cortical responses to static pictures at ventral-stream areas. Here, we further showed that such CNN could reliably predict and decode functional magnetic resonance imaging data from humans watching natural movies, despite its lack of any mechanism to account for temporal dynamics or feedback processing. Using separate data, encoding and decoding models were developed and evaluated for describing the bi-directional relationships between the CNN and the brain. Through the encoding models, the CNN-predicted areas covered not only the ventral stream, but also the dorsal stream, albeit to a lesser degree; single-voxel response was visualized as the specific pixel pattern that drove the response, revealing the distinct representation of individual cortical location; cortical activation was synthesized from natural images with high-throughput to map category representation, contrast, and selectivity. Through the decoding models, fMRI signals were directly decoded to estimate the feature representations in both visual and semantic spaces, for direct visual reconstruction and semantic categorization, respectively. These results corroborate, generalize, and extend previous findings, and highlight the value of using deep learning, as an all-in-one model of the visual cortex, to understand and decode natural vision.
Highly Efficient Photon Upconversion in Self-Assembled Light-Harvesting Molecular Systems (2015)

To meet the world's demands on the development of sunlight-powered renewable energy production, triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) has raised great expectations. However, an ideal highly efficient, low-power, and in-air TTA-UC has not been achieved. Here, we report a novel self-assembly approach to achieve this, which enabled highly efficient TTA-UC even in the presence of oxygen. A newly developed lipophilic 9,10-diphenylanthracene-based emitter molecule functionalized with multiple hydrogen-bonding moieties spontaneously coassembled with a triplet sensitizer in organic media, showing efficient triplet sensitization and subsequent triplet energy migration among the preorganized chromophores. This supramolecular light-harvesting system shows a high UC quantum yield of 30% optimized at low excitation power in deaerated conditions. Significantly, the UC emission largely remains even in an air-saturated solution, and this approach is facilely applicable to organogel and solid-film systems.
Cathepsins B and D drive hepatic stellate cell proliferation and promote their fibrogenic potential # (2008)

These findings support a critical role for cathepsins in HSC activation, suggesting that the antagonism of cathepsins in HSCs may be of relevance for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
New fast and efficient two-step search algorithm for block motion estimation (1999)

Block motion estimation using full search is computationally intensive. Previously proposed fast algorithms reduce the computation by limiting the number of searching locations. This is accomplished at the expense of less accuracy of motion estimation and gives rise to an appreciably higher mean squared error (MSE) for motion compensated images. We present a new fast and efficient search algorithm for block motion estimation that produces better quality performance and less computational time compared with a three-step search (TSS) algorithm. The proposed algorithms are based on the ideas of the dithering pattern for pixel decimation, multiple-candidate for pixel-decimation-based full search, and center-based distribution of the motion vector. From the experimental results, the proposed algorithm is superior to the TSS in both quality performance (about 0.2 dB) and computational complexity (about half).
Effect of topically applied anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies on orthotopic corneal allografts in a rat model. (1995)

The results suggest that treatment with topically applied LIP-anti-CD4 mAb prolongs graft survival in orthotopic corneal grafts in a rat model. The beneficial effect of LIP-anti-CD4 mAb, probably due to enhanced intraocular delivery, was achieved by using relatively low doses of mAb.
Comparison of tibial plateau angles in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament injuries (2001)

Abstract Objective —To measure and compare tibial plateau angles (TPA) of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) injuries and dogs without CrCL injuries. Design —Prospective study. Animals —87 dogs. Procedure —Stifle joints were measured from lateral radiographic views to determine TPA in 3 groups: group-1 dogs had CrCL injuries, group-1a dogs, a subgroup of group 1, had 1 unaffected stifle joint, and group-2 dogs had no CrCL injuries. Age, sex, breed, body weight, limb injured, and TPA were recorded for each dog. Results —56 stifle joints were measured in group-1 dogs; mean TPA was 23.76°, and mean age and weight were 5.7 years and 37.91 kg (83.4 lb), respectively. Fourteen stifle joints were measured in group-1a dogs; mean TPA was 24.71°, and mean age and weight were 5.6 years and 38.06 kg (83.8 lb), respectively. Sixty stifle joints were measured in group-2 dogs; mean TPA was 18.10°, and mean age and weight of these dogs were 4.83 years and 35.85 kg (79 lb), respectively. The most common breeds included Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, and Rottweiler. The TPA of dogs in group 1 and group 1a were significantly greater than the TPA of dogs in group 2. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Dogs with CrCL injuries have a significantly greater TPA than dogs without CrCL injury. With further investigation, a normal TPA can be determined. In the future, TPA measurements may be used to screen dogs suspected of being susceptible to CrCL injury. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:363–366)
Decreased lung carcinoma cell density on select polymer nanometer surface features for lung replacement therapies (2010)

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has been widely used as a biomaterial in regenerative medicine because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Previous studies have shown that cells (such as bladder smooth muscle cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts) respond differently to nanostructured PLGA surfaces compared with nanosmooth surfaces. The purpose of the present in vitro research was to prepare PLGA films with various nanometer surface features and determine whether lung cancer epithelial cells respond differently to such topographies. To create nanosurface features on PLGA, different sized (190 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, and 530 nm diameter) polystyrene beads were used to cast polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds which were used as templates to create nanofeatured PLGA films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and root mean square roughness (RMS) values indicated that the intended spherical surface nanotopographies on PLGA with RMS values of 2.23, 5.03, 5.42, and 36.90 nm were formed by employing 190, 300, 400, and 530 nm beads. A solution evaporation method was also utilized to modify PLGA surface features by using 8 wt% (to obtain an AFM RMS value of 0.62 nm) and 4 wt% (to obtain an AFM RMS value of 2.23 nm) PLGA in chloroform solutions. Most importantly, lung cancer epithelial cells adhered less on the PLGA surfaces with RMS values of 0.62, 2.23, and 5.42 nm after four hours of culture compared with any other PLGA surface created here. After three days, PLGA surfaces with an RMS value of 0.62 nm had much lower cell density than any other sample. In this manner, PLGA with specific nanometer surface features may inhibit lung cancer cell density which may provide an important biomaterial for the treatment of lung cancer (from drug delivery to regenerative medicine).
N-terminal Hydrophobic Amino Acids of Activating Transcription Factor 5 (ATF5) Protein Confer Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced Stabilization (2013)

Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a stress-response transcription factor that responds to amino acid limitation and exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). The N-terminal amino acids contribute to the destabilization of the ATF5 protein in steady-state conditions and serve as a stabilization domain in the stress response after CdCl2 or NaAsO2 exposure. In this study, we show that interleukin 1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, increases the expression of ATF5 protein in HepG2 hepatoma cells in part by stabilizing the ATF5 protein. The N-terminal domain rich in hydrophobic amino acids that is predicted to form a hydrophobic network was responsible for destabilization in steady-state conditions and served as an IL-1β response domain. Furthermore, IL-1β increased the translational efficiency of ATF5 mRNA via the 5' UTRα and phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). ATF5 knockdown in HepG2 cells up-regulated the IL-1β-induced expression of the serum amyloid A 1 (SAA1) and SAA2 genes. Our results show that the N-terminal hydrophobic amino acids play an important role in the regulation of ATF5 protein expression in IL-1β-mediated immune response and that ATF5 is a negative regulator for IL-1β-induced expression of SAA1 and SAA2 in HepG2 cells.
The influence of solid boundaries upon aerodynamic sound (1955)

Abstract An extension is made to Lighthill’s general theory of aerodynamic sound, so as to incorporate the influence of solid boundaries upon the sound field. This influence is twofold, namely (i) reflexion and diffraction of the sound waves at the solid boundaries, and (ii) a resultant dipole field at the solid boundaries which are the limits of Lighthill’s quadrupole distribution. It is shown that these effects are exactly equivalent to a distribution of dipoles, each representing the force with which unit area of solid boundary acts upon the fluid. A dimensional analysis shows that the intensity of the sound generated by the dipoles should at large distances x be of the general form Ioc P0U60 a0-3 L2x-2, where U0 is a typical velocity of the flow, L is a typical length of the body, a0 is the velocity of sound in fluid at rest and P0 is the density of the fluid at rest. Accordingly, these dipoles should be more efficient generators of sound than the quadrupoles of Lighthill’s theory if the Mach number is small enough. It is shown that the fundamental frequency of the dipole sound is one half of the frequency of the quadrupole sound.
Sentiment Analysis of Chinese Microblog Based on Stacked Bidirectional LSTM (2019)

Sentiment analysis on Chinese microblogs has received extensive attention recently. Most previous studies focus on identifying sentiment orientation by encoding as many word properties as possible while they fail to consider contextual features (e.g., the long-range dependencies of words), which are, however, essentially important in the sentiment analysis. In this paper, we propose a Chinese sentiment analysis method by incorporating a word2vec model and a stacked bidirectional long short-term memory (Stacked Bi-LSTM) model. We first employ the word2vec model to capture semantic features of words and transfer words into high-dimensional word vectors. We evaluate the performance of two typical word2vec models: continuous bag-of-words (CBOW) and skip-gram. We then use the Stacked Bi-LSTM model to conduct the feature extraction of sequential word vectors. We next apply a binary softmax classifier to predict the sentiment orientation by using semantic and contextual features. Moreover, we also conduct extensive experiments on the real dataset collected from Weibo (i.e., one of the most popular Chinese microblogs). The experimental results show that our proposed approach achieves better performance than other machine-learning models.
Edge-preserving decompositions for multi-scale tone and detail manipulation (2008)

Many recent computational photography techniques decompose an image into a piecewise smooth base layer, containing large scale variations in intensity, and a residual detail layer capturing the smaller scale details in the image. In many of these applications, it is important to control the spatial scale of the extracted details, and it is often desirable to manipulate details at multiple scales, while avoiding visual artifacts.