gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (2000)

Haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers are being developed for use in blood replacement therapies, either for perioperative haemodilution or for resuscitation from haemorrhagic blood loss. There is a high demand for these products because of risks associated with blood transfusions and pending worldwide blood shortages. Development of these products has required new technologies in protein engineering; since the haemoglobin is cell-free in solution, the molecule must be modified to be retained within blood circulation. Three classes of haemoglobin are under development: intramolecular cross-linked, intermolecular polymerised and surface conjugated with polyethylene glycol. Two products based on cross-linking chemistry have been discontinued because of serious adverse events and/or increased mortality rate in Phase III clinical trials. Three products based on polymerisation chemistry are in ongoing Phase III clinical trials. A new product based on surface conjugation is in preclinical evaluation. Although cross-linked and polymerised products have shown to be safe in preclinical and early Phase I/II clinical trials, they have had difficulty in proving efficacy. The primary adverse effect for the majority of cross-linked or polymerised products is a haemodynamic response, leading to increased vascular resistance to blood flow. The physiological mechanisms are still incompletely understood, so that safety and efficacy cannot be completely dissociated. New understandings on the mode of action of these products will help to define their utility and application. New products are under development, designed specifically to maximise blood flow and tissue perfusion and therefore, oxygenation.
Factors affecting the morphology and mechanical properties of a coagulated thermoplastic polyurethane (1997)

One of the principal failures of current vascular prostheses is compliant mismatch between the host arteries and prostheses at the anastomoses. Current commercial vascular prostheses are fabricated using either microporous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) or poly(ethylene terephthalate), both of which are incompliant in comparison with the host artery. Thermoplastic polyurethanes that are inherently compliant, therefore, offer the potential for use as vascular prostheses. This article presents a new approach to produce a compliant microporous thermoplastic polyurethane material using a coagulation coating technique. A study on the factors affecting the physical and structural behaviors based on porous polyurethane membranes were investigated. The effects of coagulants and coagulation temperatures on the properties of the coagulums were evaluated and the mechanism for the formation of microcellular structures was discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 1947–1954, 1997
Studies of waterborne emulsion of chemically modified epoxy resin (2004)

Abstract The bisphenol‐A type epoxy resin was modified by p ‐aminobenzoic acid. The modified resins were characterized using IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The progress of emulsification process was characterized by measuring the variations of conductivity and viscosity while dropping water into the modified resin solution. The factors influencing the emulsion particle size of the waterborne coating films of the modified resins were investigated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scotopic sensitivity and color vision with a blue-light-absorbing intraocular lens (2007)

Results suggest that implantation of a yellow-tinted IOL has non-significant effect on scotopic sensitivity and hue discrimination.
Comparative Proteome Analysis Revealing an 11-Protein Signature for Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2014)

We report the first validated proteomic signature to assess the natural course of clinical TNBC.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Potentiates Intraneuronal Ca2+ Signaling via Regulation of the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor (2008)

Inflammatory events have long been implicated in initiating and/or propagating the pathophysiology associated with a number of neurological diseases. In addition, defects in Ca2+-handling processes, which shape membrane potential, influence gene transcription, and affect neuronal spiking patterns, have also been implicated in disease progression and cognitive decline. The mechanisms underlying the purported interplay that exists between neuroinflammation and Ca2+ homeostasis have yet to be defined. Herein, we describe a novel neuron-intrinsic pathway in which the expression of the type-1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is regulated by the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Exposure of primary murine neurons to tumor necrosis factor-alpha resulted in significant enhancement of Ca2+ signals downstream of muscarinic and purinergic stimulation. An increase in type-1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor mRNA and protein steady-state levels following cytokine exposure positively correlated with this alteration in Ca2+ homeostasis. Modulation of Ca2+ responses arising from this receptor subtype and its downstream effectors may exact significant consequences on neuronal function and could underlie the compromise in neuronal activity observed in the setting of chronic neuroinflammation, such as that associated with Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease.
Evolutionary Implications and Physicochemical Analyses of Selected Proteins of Type III Polyketide Synthase Family (2011)

Type III polyketide synthases have a substantial role in the biosynthesis of various polyketides in plants and microorganisms. Comparative proteomic analysis of type III polyketide synthases showed evolutionarily and structurally related positions in a compilation of amino acid sequences from different families. Bacterial and fungal type III polyketide synthase proteins showed <50% similarity but in higher plants, it exhibited >80% among chalcone synthases and >70% in the case of non-chalcone synthases. In a consensus phylogenetic tree based on 1000 replicates; bacterial, fungal and plant proteins were clustered in separate groups. Proteins from bryophytes and pteridophytes grouped immediately near to the fungal cluster, demonstrated how evolutionary lineage has occurred among type III polyketide synthase proteins. Upon physicochemical analysis, it was observed that the proteins localized in the cytoplasm and were hydrophobic in nature. Molecular structural analysis revealed comparatively stable structure comprising of alpha helices and random coils as major structural components. It was found that there was a decline in the structural stability with active site mutation as prophesied by the in silico mutation studies.
Entwurf und Realisation des schnellen, flexiblen und fehlertoleranten Polyprozessors „Heidelberger POLYP“ / Design and realization of the fast, flexible and fault-tolerant polyprocessor „Heidelberg POLYP“ (1982)

Article Entwurf und Realisation des schnellen, flexiblen und fehlertoleranten Polyprozessors „Heidelberger POLYP“ / Design and realization of the fast, flexible and fault-tolerant polyprocessor „Heidelberg POLYP“ was published on December 1, 1982 in the journal it - Information Technology (volume 24, issue 1-6).
Land reform as counter-revolution (1971)

AbstractAbstractNo government can hope to satisfy the demands of rioting students. But a government can, if it is so minded, significantly affect the conditions in the countryside so as to reduce the propensity of peasants to revolt. While reforms may be the catalyst of revolution in the cities, they may be a substitute for revolution in the countryside.
Rabbula of Edessa and the Peshitta (1951)

Judging from repetitious appearances of her marital arms in the painted line-endings, the Psalter-Hours John Rylands Library Latin MS 117 probably belonged to Jeanne of Flanders (c.1272–1333), daughter of Count Robert III of Flanders and in 1288 second wife to Enguerrand IV of Coucy. Yet the line-endings also contain some 1,800 diminutive painted escutcheons, many of which refer to other members of the local nobility active during the 1280s. This study, based on an exhaustive survey of the total heraldic and codicological evidence, suggests that the majority of the extant Psalter predated the Hours and that the two parts were combined after the 1288 marriage. The ‘completed’ manuscript bears witness to major events that unfolded in and around the Coucy barony over the course of the decade. It suggests a complex relationship between Jeanne of Flanders and a lesser member of the local nobility, a certain Marien of Moÿ, who may have served as her attendant.
High-Throughput Multi-Rate Decoding of Structured Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2005)

As an enhancement of the state-of-the-art solutions, a high-throughput architecture of a decoder for structured LDPC codes is presented in this paper. Thanks to the peculiar code definition and to the envisaged architecture featuring memory paging, the decoder is very flexible, and the support of different code rates is achieved with no significant hardware overhead. A top-down design flow of a real decoder is reported, starting from the analysis of the system performance in finite-precision arithmetic, up to the VLSI implementation details of the elementary modules. The synthesis of the whole decoderon 0.18 mu m standard cells CMOS technology showed remarkable performances: small implementation loss (0.2 dB down to BER = 10(-8)), low latency (less than 6.0 mu s), high useful throughput (up to 940 Mbps) and low complexity (about 375 Kgates).
A new<i>Pseudomonas</i>vaccine: Preliminary trial on human volunteers (1976)

Fifteen healthy volunteers were given three weekly subcutaneous injections of a new polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine (PEV-01). Four doses - 1-0 RHD (manufacturer's recommended human dose), 0-75 RHD, 0-5 RHD and 0-1 RHD - were used in separate groups of volunteers. Blood samples taken before each of the injections and one taken 7 days after the last injection were examined for immune response to the vaccine and for possible adverse clinical, biochemical and haematological effects. Raised titres of antibody in serum of volunteers given 0-5-1-0 RHD vaccine were shown, often by the seventh day, in passive haemagglutination tests against all of the 16 serotypes of Ps. aeruginosa represented in the vaccine; serum from volunteers who received 0-1 RHD usually showed a reduced antibody titre. Tests of mouse protection by serum against intraperitoneal challenge with Ps. aeruginosa P14 showed increased titres of mouse protective antibody in the blood of volunteers given 1-0, 0-75 or 0-5 RHD of vaccine but a reduced mouse-protective titre in two out of three sera from volunteers given 0-1 RHD vaccine. There was a suggestion of enhanced phagocytic ingestion and intracellular killing of two strains of Ps. aeruginosa by the blood of vaccinated volunteers, and more definite enhancement of ingestion of inert latex particles, which were less well ingested than were the bacterial cells by phagocytes from unvaccinated volunteers. Apart from slight or moderate local reactions and a transient rise of temperature in some volunteers, there were no clinical, biochemical or haematological abnormalities in the vaccinated volunteers.
Feasibility of Formulating DECON GREEN with Airfraft Deicing Fluid: VX, GD, and HD Reactivity (2005)

DECON GREEN is a reactive, universal decontaminant for VX, HD, and G agents composed of bicarbonate (baking soda), hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol. The use of two currently fielded aircraft deicing fluids, containing ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol and water, as substitutes for the alcohol constituent was assessed by examining the VX, GD, and HD) reactivity in formulations using these materials.
Underwater applications of light emitting diodes (2015)

This paper describes a conceptual system to assist an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) land on an underwater docking station, and transfer energy to the vehicle to enable underwater battery charging. The system consists of light emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on the docking station, and optical sensors and photovoltaic (PV) cells onboard the vehicle. The combination of sensors onboard the AUV and the docking station LEDs will allow the vehicle to estimate the relative position of the intended docking location. Once the vehicle has landed on the docking station, the combination of the LEDs and the PV cells allows the battery onboard the vehicle to be charged without any physical contact.
Development and Testing of Hierarchically Wrinkled Coatings for Marine Antifouling (2009)

We report on the formation and testing of novel marine coatings comprising hierarchically wrinkled surface topographies (HWTS) having wrinkles of different length scales (generations) ranging from tens of nanometers to a fraction of a millimeter. The individual wrinkle generations are arranged in nested patterns, where each larger wrinkle resides underneath and represents a scaled-up version of the smaller wrinkle. We present and discuss results from field tests in seawater and laboratory experiments. The results of our field tests reveal that while coatings with flat topographies foul after relatively short time periods (4-15 weeks), the HWST coatings with the same chemistries as flat coatings remain relatively free of biofouling even after prolonged exposure to seawater (18 months). In contrast to flat coatings, the HWST substrates are not colonized by barnacles. These observations suggest that surface topography plays a dominant role in governing the coating defense against barnacle fouling even without fine-tuning the chemical composition of the overcoat. Laboratory experiments indicate that settlement of zoospores of the green alga Ulva and the strength of attachment of sporelings (young plants) depend on the chemical composition of the coating as well as surface topography.
Increasing cereal yields with higher ammonium/nitrate ratios: Review of potentials and limitations (1986)

Abstract Cereal yield increases have been achieved in recent solution culture studies by supplementing nitrate with limited levels of ammonium where secondary effects on factors such as pH and micronutrient availability in the solution were controlled. In these studies, ammonium rates were controlled within relatively narrow limits, of growth stimulation and excess ammonium. In contrast, NFDC greenhouse studies with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchJ indicate that a wider range of supplemental ammonium rates can be applied with a basal nitrate rate in soil without causing yield reductions, probably because ammonium movement to roots is slower in soils than in solution culture. Also, ammonium/nitrate ratios required to maximize wheat and grain sorghum yields in the greenhouse were higher than ratios typically observed in field soils during periods of primary N uptake, suggesting a potential for yield increases in the field. Limitations for achieving potential cereal yield increases with higher ammonium/nitrate ratios are (i) inadequate characterization of optimum ammonium/nitrate ratios in relation to stage of plant growth, (ii) inadequate technology and practices for simultaneously controlling ammonium/nitrate ratios throughout most of the growing season and providing adequate positional availability of ammonium to roots, and (iii) inadequate determination and exploitation of genetic variability regarding yield response to ammonium/nitrate ratios.
The bacteriology of pulmonary tuberculosis in a population with high human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence. (1998)

A strong tuberculosis control programme and good surveillance will be required to prevent the further spread of MDR tuberculosis. Surveys such as these are useful for monitoring control programmes.
Japanese dependency analysis using cascaded chunking (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new statistical Japanese dependency parser using a cascaded chunking model. Conventional Japanese statistical dependency parsers are mainly based on a probabilistic model, which is not always efficient or scalable. We propose a new method that is simple and efficient, since it parses a sentence deterministically only deciding whether the current segment modifies the segment on its immediate right hand side. Experiments using the Kyoto University Corpus show that the method outperforms previous systems as well as improves the parsing and training efficiency.
Modeling mutual context of object and human pose in human-object interaction activities (2010)

Detecting objects in cluttered scenes and estimating articulated human body parts are two challenging problems in computer vision. The difficulty is particularly pronounced in activities involving human-object interactions (e.g. playing tennis), where the relevant object tends to be small or only partially visible, and the human body parts are often self-occluded. We observe, however, that objects and human poses can serve as mutual context to each other - recognizing one facilitates the recognition of the other. In this paper we propose a new random field model to encode the mutual context of objects and human poses in human-object interaction activities. We then cast the model learning task as a structure learning problem, of which the structural connectivity between the object, the overall human pose, and different body parts are estimated through a structure search approach, and the parameters of the model are estimated by a new max-margin algorithm. On a sports data set of six classes of human-object interactions, we show that our mutual context model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art in detecting very difficult objects and human poses.
Fabrication and Performance of Tubular, Electrode‐Supported BaCe<sub>0.2</sub>Zr<sub>0.7</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3–δ</sub> Fuel Cells (2013)

Abstract In this report, we describe fabrication and electrochemical‐performance testing of tubular, anode‐supported fuel cells based on the protonic ceramic BaCe 0.2 Zr 0.7 Y 0.1 O 3–δ (BCZY27). These devices are comprised of a 20‐μm‐thick BCZY27 electrolyte spray‐coated and co‐fired onto an extruded, tubular 9.8‐mm‐diameter, 1.25‐mm‐thick 65 wt.% NiO/35 wt.% BCZY27 anode support. Reactive sintering with NiO forms the BCZY27 material from parent oxides. An La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3–δ (LSCF) cathode is applied following co‐sintering. While anode supports can be extruded to 3‐m lengths, the active area of the cells tested here is 7.5 cm 2 . Performance is quantified through polarization measurements across a range of temperatures with hydrogen‐air reactants. Peak power ranges from 78 to 189 mW cm –2 over the 700–850 °C temperature range. Open‐circuit voltage decreases with increasing operating temperature due to the co‐diffusion of the multiple charge carriers present. The ionic transference number is determined over a range operating temperatures and anode‐gas compositions, and is found to range from 0.77 to 0.88. Finally, an external power supply is used to drive hydrogen across the BCZY27 membrane. At an applied current density of 1 A cm –2 and 700 °C operating temperature, hydrogen flux is measured at 7.5 smL min –1 cm –2 active area.
Novel Conversion of 1,2-Disubstituted <i>cis</i>-Epoxides to One-Carbon Homologated Allylic Alcohols Using Dimethylsulfonium Methylide (2001)

[reaction: see text] The treatment of cis-epoxides with an excess of dimethylsulfonium methylide affords one-carbon homologated allylic alcohols in good to excellent yields.
Class III antiarrhythmic effects of ceruloplasmin on rat heart (1996)

Recently it has been shown that ceruloplasmin presents a protective action against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in the isolated perfused rat heart, an effect that is lost when the protein is denaturated by heat. The present study was carried out to see whether ceruloplasmin can alter electrophysiological properties such as ventricular effective refractory periods, conduction time, and action potential duration calculated at 50, 75, and 90% levels of repolarization (APD50, APD75, APD90). To check the specificity of the electrophysiological effects of ceruloplasmin, we have also compared them with those of heat-denatured ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, deferoxamine, and albumin. In isolated rat hearts, ceruloplasmin (0.25-3 microM) (n = 8 for each concentration) was shown to increase the effective refractory period in a concentration-dependent manner by 26 to 89%. Conduction time was not significantly altered. Heat-denatured ceruloplasmin (0.50-3 microM) (n = 8 for each concentration) increased the effective refractory period by 33 to 70% and did not affect the conduction time. In contrast, superoxide dismutase (1-4 microM), catalase (1-2 microM), deferoxamine (500 microM-1 mM), and albumin (1-4 microM) (n = 8 for each substance and for each concentration) had no significant effect on effective refractory period and conduction time at any dose, suggesting that the ceruloplasmin effect might be specific. In rat ventricular preparations, ceruloplasmin (1 microM) also induced a constant prolongation of APD50 (52%), APD75 (64%), and APD90 (41%) after 15 min of infusion (n = 6). The prolongation of effective refractory period and of action potential duration, by native and heat-denatured ceruloplasmin, suggests that this substance has specific class III effects, although this cannot entirely account for its antifibrillatory action at reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.
One New and Two Rare Alkamides from Two Samples of the Fruits of Piper longum (1998)

Two samples of the fruits of Piper longum have been chemically investigated. From one sample a new alkamide, pergumidiene and from other sample two rare alkamides, brachystamide B and piperderdine have been isolated. The known compounds, piperine, piperlonguminine, pellitorine, (+)-sesamine and 3-(3', 4', 5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-propionic acid were the common constituents of both the samples.
Protein-bound homocyst(e)ine. A possible risk factor for coronary artery disease. (1986)

The development of atherosclerotic changes and thromboembolism are common features in homocystinurics. Hence, we postulate a positive correlation between the level of homocyst(e)ine in the blood and the occurrence of coronary artery disease. Homocysteine is found either as free homocystine, cysteine-homocysteine mixed disulfide, or protein-bound homocyst(e)ine. In nonhomocystinuric subjects, most homocysteine molecules are detectable in the protein-bound form. Thus, protein-bound homocyst(e)ine in stored plasma which reflected total plasma homocyst(e)ine was determined in 241 patients with coronary artery disease (173 males and 68 females). The mean +/- SD total plasma homocyst(e)ine was 5.41 +/- 1.62 nmol/ml in male patients, 4.37 +/- 1.09 nmol/ml in male controls, 5.66 +/- 1.93 nmol/ml in female patients, and 4.16 +/- 1.62 nmol/ml in female controls. The differences between the patients with coronary artery disease and the controls were statistically significant (P less than 0.0005).