gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermally Formed Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> Thin-Film Supercapacitors (2014)

A three-dimensional nanoporous Ni(OH)2 thin-film was hydrothermally converted from an anodically formed porous layer of nickel fluoride/oxide. The nanoporous Ni(OH)2 thin-films can be used as additive-free electrodes for energy storage. The nanoporous layer delivers a high capacitance of 1765 F g(-1) under three electrode testing. After assembly with porous activated carbon in asymmetric supercapacitor configurations, the devices deliver superior supercapacitive performances with capacitance of 192 F g(-1), energy density of 68 Wh kg(-1), and power density of 44 kW kg(-1). The wide working potential window (up to 1.6 V in 6 M aq KOH) and stable cyclability (∼90% capacitance retention over 10,000 cycles) make the thin-film ideal for practical supercapacitor devices.
Predicting Deepwater Fracture Pressures: A Proposal (1988)

ABSTRACT The accurate prediction of formation fracture gradients has historically been a matter of great concern, for well planning purposes and "real time" drilling considerations. When the proposed drilling environment is at substantial water depths (greater than 350 feet), the concern for a viable predictive technique, and the accuracy of such a technique has been a problem of some magnitude. This paper proposes and recommends two techniques for predicting formation fracture pressures in offshore drilling environments where the water depth is greater than 350 feet. The first technique suggests a modification of Eaton's method which he proposed in his paper published in 1969. His work is modified to account for the affect of a water column on the composite vertical rock stress at the point of interest. The second technique suggests a method of bulk density log integration to accurately define the overburden stress at any point of interest. This technique provides a method for "real time" evaluation of a proposed casing setting depth prior to running and cementing casing. The results of such an analysis could provide the opportunity to deepen a particular hole segment thereby creating a safer, more stable, and under most conditions, a more economical drilling environment. The recommendations proposed in this paper are the direct results of work done at Chevron's Drilling Technology Center. The project involved a comparative analysis of existing predictive techniques relative to actual leak-off test data from deep water wells drilled by Chevron Operating Companies worldwide. Statistical analysis have definitely shown that these proposed techniques will provide improved accuracy in this critical area of deep water exploration.
Copolyether-Urethanes as Materials for Artificial Hearts (1973)

A method has been developed for constructing artificial hearts from Biomer elastomer solution and from a segmented copolyether-urethane (PU 1025). Durability and function tests of Biomer hearts are quite promising.
Experimental Investigations of Pressure Drop through Interrupted-Plate-Type Fuel Elements (1960)

One possible nuclear reactor fuel element design consists of plate-type subassemblies cut transversely into a number of sections in the direction of flow. The use of such interrupted-plate elements should result in lower surface temperatures than full-length plate-type subassemblies by taking advantage of both a continuous entrance effect on the film coefficient of heat transfer (1) and reduced engineering hot channel factors.The purpose of this paper is to report the results of experimental investigations of the pressure drop through such interrupted-plate-type fuel elements. In particular, the joint losses between adjacent sections of a plate-type subassembly, and the entrance-pIus-exit losses on entering the initial section and leaving the final section of subassembly, have been measured as a function of Reynolds Number and, in the case of the joint losses, as a function of the spacing between the sections. Measurements have been made on six configurations; one subassembly with the plates in adjacent sections of the subassembly parallel and one with them perpendicular to each other (in-line and crossed), each subassembly being tested for the square-edged, rounded leading edge, and both ends rounded cases. Most of the measurements were made on 2 in. long sections of 2.1-in. sq. subassembly containing ten 0.087 × 1.82 in. plates and eleven 0.087 × 1.82 in. channels. The effect of longer sections was also investigated.Experimental values of dimensionless joint loss and entrance-pIus-exit loss coefficients were calculated from experimental over-all pressure drops using values for the friction factor from the literature. These experimental loss coefficients are presented graphically as a function of Reynolds Number for each configuration tested. All of the loss coefficients showed slight decreases with increasing Reynolds Number in the range tested (Reynolds Numbers from 10,000 to 100,000). Values of the joint loss coefficients are also presented graphically as a function of spacing between the sections for each configuration at a Reynolds Number of 50,000. This graph shows that the joint loss coefficients are higher than the entrance-plus-exit loss coefficients if the adjacent plate sections are square-edged and crossed, approximately the same if the adjacent sections are crossed but have rounded ends, and lower if the adjacent sections are in-line. The joint loss coefficients approach the experimental entrance-plus-exit coefficients (which agreed well with values in the literature) at large spacings, and the two were essentially equal when the spacing reached 0.05 to 0.50 in. depending on the configuration.
A multi-mode interface for MEMS vibratory gyroscope with self-tuned filter (2014)

This paper presents a multi-mode ASIC interface with self-tuned filter to support a wide variety of MEMS gyroscope with various resonance frequencies and various output signal styles of sense/drive mode. A reconfigurable readout front-end circuit is used for signal readout in the sense channel and drive loop, which can sense the capacitive, voltage and current signal output. A gyroscope-resonance-based self-tuned band-pass filter (BPF) is proposed in sense channel, whose center frequency is self-tuned to the drive resonance frequency. The method helps the ASIC to interface with a wide-range of gyroscopes with different resonance frequency without changing the BPF design. The interface is implemented in 0.35μm CMOS process. The measurement with an electromagnetic gyroscope and an electrostatic gyroscope shows the validity of the method. The electromagnetic gyroscope achieves a sensitivity of 25.2mV/°/s with a noise floor 0.02°/s/vHz and ±50°/s full scale range with 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> / <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</sub> nonlinearity.
Dynamics of Capillary Drying in Water (2003)

We use atomistic simulations to address the question when capillary evaporation of water confined in a hydrocarbonlike slit is kinetically viable. Activation barriers and absolute rates of evaporation are estimated using open ensemble Monte Carlo-umbrella sampling and molecular dynamics simulations. At ambient conditions, the evaporation rate in a water film four molecular diameters thick is found to be of the order 10(5)(nm(2) s)(-1), meaning that water readily evaporates. Films more than a few nanometers thick will persist in a metastable liquid state. Dissolved atmospheric gas molecules do not significantly decrease the activation barrier.
Pruritus in cholestatic and other liver diseases (2003)

Pruritus is often the most troublesome symptom in patients with chronic liver disease, particularly when cholestasis is a prominent feature. The exact pathogenesis is unknown, but empirical treatment, such as cholestyramine, based on a liver-based origin of pruritus, has been used for many years. Recently, evidence for a central mechanism for pruritus has been obtained and opioid antagonists have been tried clinically with some benefit, but their use is not widespread. In addition, the pruritus associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy can now be alleviated in many cases by ursodeoxycholic acid. As it also improves foetal outcome, this should become first-line therapy. We review the pathogenesis and therapy of pruritus, highlighting practical aspects to help with patients with seemingly intractable pruritus.
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Inhibitors of Human Cyclophilin A (2006)

Cyclophilin A is involved in many cellular processes, including protein folding and intracellular transports. Because cyclophilin A has been shown to interact with HIV-1 gag proteins and to enhance the viral infectivity, nonimmunosuppressive cyclophilin A ligands may represent a new class of therapeutic agents against HIV. Here, we report a virtual screening using structure- and pharmacophore-based design to identify original nonpeptidic cyclophilin ligands. Following a lead identification of compounds 1 [1-(3-benzyloxypyridin-2-yl)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)urea] and 2 [1-(3-benzyloxypyridin-2-yl)-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)urea] (IC(50) = 0.3 microM), a series of molecules were synthesized from a diarylurea scaffold and evaluated for their in vitro ability to inhibit the cis-trans isomerase activity of cyclophilin A. Molecular modifications provided several more potent compounds, in particular analogues 4d and 4i with IC(50) of 14 and 20 nM, respectively. Then, we evaluated the effect of analogues 1 and 2 on HIV virion infectivity in both immortalized and primary cells. Both 1 and 2 reduced virion infectivity in the replication-defective one-round infection assay, but only 1 impaired wild-type HIV infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Syntheses of isobenzofuran-4,7-quinone and isoindole-4,7-quinone (1975)

G. M. L. Cragg, R. G. F. Giles and G. H. P. Roos, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1975, 1339 DOI: 10.1039/P19750001339
Layered-MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanosheet Grown on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Template as a Composite Cathode for Flexible Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor (2016)

Flexible solid-state supercapacitors provide a promising energy-storage alternative for the rapidly growing flexible and wearable electronic industry. Further improving device energy density and developing a cheap flexible current collector are two major challenges in pushing the technology forward. In this work, we synthesize a nitrogen-doped graphene/MnO2 nanosheet (NGMn) composite by a simple hydrothermal method. Nitrogen-doped graphene acts as a template to induce the growth of layered δ-MnO2 and improves the electronic conductivity of the composite. The NGMn composite exhibits a large specific capacitance of about 305 F g(-1) at a scan rate of 5 mV s(-1). We also create a cheap and highly conductive flexible current collector using Scotch tape. Flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors are fabricated with NGMn cathode, activated carbon anode, and PVA-LiCl gel electrolyte. The device can achieve a high operation voltage of 1.8 V and exhibits a maximum energy density of 3.5 mWh cm(-3) at a power density of 0.019 W cm(-3). Moreover, it retains >90% of its initial capacitance after 1500 cycles. Because of its flexibility, high energy density, and good cycle life, NGMn-based flexible solid state asymmetric supercapacitors have great potential for application in next-generation portable and wearable electronics.
The Boom List (2013)

A list of nine things to do, see, read, and hear in California in early 2014.
Modulating Immune Response with Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (2019)

Nano-objects made of nucleic acids are becoming promising materials in the biomedical field. This is, in part, due to DNA and RNA self-assembly properties that can be accurately computed to fabricate various complex nanoarchitectures of 2D and 3D shapes. The nanoparticles can be assembled from DNA, RNA, and chemically modified oligonucleotide mixtures which, in turn, influence their chemical and biophysical properties. Solid-phase synthesis allows large-scale production of individual oligonucleotide strands with batch-to-batch consistency and exceptional purity. All of these advantageous characteristics of nucleic-acid-based nanoparticles were known to be exceptionally useful as a nanoplatform for drug delivery purposes. Recently, several important discoveries have been achieved, demonstrating that nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) can also be used to modulate the immune response of host cells. The purpose of this review is to briefly overview studies demonstrating architectural design principles of NANPs, as well as the ability of NANPs to control immune responses.
Analysis of Facial Comedos by Porphyrin Fluorescence and Image Analysis (1989)

AbstractCorynebacterium acnes synthesizes porphyrins. Partially or totally closed sebaceous glands show particularly high fluorescence intensity. Many comedos, especially in the nasolabial fold, may be detected in this way. To attain quantitative data on the density of facial comedos, definite skin sites were to be investigated following regular application of products to be analyzed for comedogenicity. This was performed in the following way: skin sites irradiated with long-wave ultraviolet A light; recording of the resulting yellow fluorescence by a light-amplifying video camera; suppression of reflection by special filters; and image analysis to count and measure the size of the yellow spots.The influence of pretreatment on signal intensity and its parallel determination by commercial, light-guide-equipped fluorometers will be discussed. The relation between visual and instrumental counting will be shown. The comedogenicity of raw materials, products, and skin care products is reported.
30GHz silicon platform for photonics system (2013)

We present a silicon photonic platform offering low loss passive components, integrated highspeed silicon traveling wave MZ modulators (30GHz), ring modulators (45GHz) and inductance peaking Germanium photodetectors (58GHz). The bandwidth of the photonic devices is sufficient to support 50Gb/s bit rate. Our platform is available to the community as part of the OpSIS project.
Purification of an almond emulsin fucosidase on Cibacron blue-sepharose and demonstration of its activity toward fucose-containing glycoproteins. (1982)

The almond emulsin fucosidase that specifically hydrolyzes fucose in alpha (1-3) linkage to N-acetylglucosamine has been purified 1250-fold. The purification procedure includes ion exchange chromatography on sulfopropyl-Sephadex C-25, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, and affinity chromatography on Cibacron blue-Sepharose 4B-CL. The molecular weight of the fucosidase was estimated by gel filtration as approximately 73,000. Enzyme activity was maximal at pH 5.3 in acetate buffer and was dependent on ionic strength; at least 0.1 M NaCl was necessary for optimal activity. The purified enzyme was free of beta-galactosidase activity toward the glycoprotein substrate [3H]galactosyl-asialotransferrin and did not release fucose from substrates containing fucose in alpha (1-6) linkage, (bovine IgG glycopeptides) or in alpha (1-2) linkage, (2'-fucosyllactose). The fucosidase displayed activity toward two glycoprotein substrates known to contain fucose in alpha (1-3) linkage. Extensive incubations resulted in the release of 83% and 43% of the total fucose of asialoorosomucoid and lactoferrin, respectively. The fucosidase did not release fucose from either the "slow" or the "fast" form of alpha 2-macroglobulin, suggesting the absence of fucosyl alpha (1-3) linkages on that glycoprotein.
A Modularized Charge Equalizer for an HEV Lithium-Ion Battery String (2009)

Based on the fact that a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) connects a high number of batteries in series to obtain more than approximately 300 V, this paper proposes a modularized charge equalizer for an HEV battery pack. In this paper, the overall battery string is modularized into <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M*N</i> cells, where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> is the number of modules in the string and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is the number of cells in each module. With this modularization, low voltage stress on the electronic devices can be achieved, which means that there is less chance of a failure on the charge equalizer. The power rating selection is one of the most important design issues for a charge equalizer because it is very closely related to equalization time. To solve this problem optimally, this paper presents a power rating design guide. In addition, this paper considers system-level design issues, such as cell voltage acquisition, equalizer control logic, and system-level grounding. The simulation and experimental results are presented to show the usefulness of the optimal power rating selection guide and the low voltage stressed charge equalization process.
Across the meiotic divide – CSF activity in the post-Emi2/XErp1 era (2008)

Vertebrate eggs are arrested at the metaphase stage of meiosis II. Only upon fertilization will the metaphase-II-arrested eggs exit meiosis II and enter interphase. In 1971, Masui and Markert injected egg extracts into a two-cell-stage embryo and found that the injected blastomere arrested at the next mitosis. On the basis of these observations, they proposed the existence of an activity present in the eggs that is responsible for meiosis-II arrest and can induce mitotic arrest, and named this activity cytostatic factor (CSF). Although the existence of CSF was hypothesized more than 35 years ago, its precise identity remained unclear until recently. The discovery of the Mos-MAPK pathway and characterization of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) as a central regulator of M-phase exit provided the framework for a molecular understanding of CSF. These pathways have now been linked by the discovery and characterization of the protein Emi2, a meiotic APC/C inhibitor, the activity and stability of which are controlled by the Mos-MAPK pathway. Continued investigation into the mechanism of action and mode of regulation of Emi2 promises to shed light not only on CSF function, but also on the general principles of APC/C regulation and the control of protein function by MAPK pathways.
Miniature-electrode probe for conductivity measurements on electrolytic solutions or colloidal sols of small sample sizes (1983)

When electrolytic solutions or colloidal sols are available only in small quantities, the immersible electrode system required for conductivity measurements on the solution should be small enough to be compatible with the volume of the test solution. To meet this requirement, a probe is described which is sufficiently small for complete immersion in a test solution of about 2*10-3 cm3 in volume. This probe consists of a single-piece miniature structure formed by a cylindrical capacitor with a central conductor that leads through a ceramic dielectric and a metallic cylinder which coaxially sleeves the outer surface of the ceramic. A protrusion of the inner conductor and the outer sleeving jointly constitute the two-electrode probe. When immersed in an electrolytic solution or a sol and excited by an AC source, the admittance of this capacitive probe would change which can be measured and related to the solution or sol conductivity. Design considerations involved in the construction of the probe and the associated measuring circuits to get optimum performance are discussed. Experimental results obtained from a test probe are presented and discussed.
Optical properties of nano-structured materials studied by means of interferometric techniques (2005)

In this thesis work we avail ourselves of optical interferometric techniques for the study of the optical properties of nano-structured materials. As a first step, we set up a multiple heterodyne scanning probe optical microscope (MH-SPOM). This apparatus allows to detect amplitude and phase of the optical field with sub-wavelength resolution. In addition, it is provided with other two capabilities: beam labelling and polarization sensitive detection system. The former allows to simultaneously illuminate the sample under investigation with both TE and TM polarized light and to discriminate the contribution of the different polarizations to the total detected field by means of the heterodyne signals. The latter allows to measure the polarization state of the light as it is transferred by the collecting SPOM system (probe +fiber ) to the detection system. By means of such an apparatus we investigate the response of un uncoated tapered fiber probe to the vectorial components of the electric field. Our experiments demonstrate that the probe response to transverse polarized fields is linear and that the polarization conversion of the system probe+fiber can be described by means of a Jones matrix. The response to longitudinally polarized fields is also investigated. By comparing the experimental results with a simplified numerical model for the probe-field interaction, we demonstrate that the probe is sensitive to longitudinal field components with a coupling efficiency of ~80% compared to the case of transverse fields. In a second experiment, we individuate selective injection techniques in order to excite HE11 and TM01 modes into microfabricated fully metal-coated cantilevered probes. Numerical simulations demonstrate that such modes provide the best probe performances in terms of field transmission and lateral optical resolution. The effectiveness of the injection technique is proven by imaging the field throughput, at a few microns from the probe apex, by means of a high resolution Mach-Zehnder microscope. For the first time, we demonstrate experimentally the excitation of a highly confined longitudinally polarized ‘hot spot’ at the probe apex when the TE01 mode is excited into the probe. In the last experiment, we use a heterodyne scanning near-field optical microscope (H-SNOM) to investigate light propagation in photonic crystal waveguides. The light source is a tuneable cw laser working in a range of wavelengths around 1.5m. By scanning the probe in the near field of the guiding channel we detect amplitude and phase distributions of the propagating modes. The simultaneous detection of amplitude and phase allows to perform a Fourier analysis of the optical patterns and determine the spatial frequencies for the propagating modes. The experimentally obtained values are compared with 3D numerical simulations of the investigated structure. The excellent agreement between measured and calculated values demonstrates the effectiveness of the scanning technique for the analysis of light propagation in photonic structure