gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural aspects of colchicine ultrasensitivity in CLL lymphocytes. (1981)

Circulating lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia show extreme sensitivity to colchicine, with 80%-90% cell death after exposure to 10(-7) M colchicine for 20 h in vitro. This is 100,000-times greater than the dose required (10(-2) M) for a similarly toxic effect on normal lymphocytes. A time course series of fixations during the 20-h exposure of chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes to 10(-7) colchicine revealed an entire spectrum of ultrastructural alterations well in advance of any sign of cell death, previously only ascertained by nuclear pycnosis in the light microscope. The changes included the appearance of large numbers of intermediate filaments, loss of surface microvilli, mitochondrial alterations and the formation of annulate lamellae. Mitochondrial changes included disruption of the cristae, swelling and tight clumping of the entire mitochondrial population into a single region of the cytoplasm.
Thermal face recognition using convolutional neural network (2016)

With the rapidly development of the face recognition (FR), thermal face recognition has received increasing attention. However, the traditional methods for thermal face recognition mainly concentrate on the hand-crafted feature design, which requires more efforts from human to select and extract features and usually has relatively lower recognition rate. In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for thermal face recognition. CNN is a new type of neural network method which can automatically learn effective features from the raw data. Experiment results on RGB-D-T face database show that our proposed CNN architecture achieves higher recognition rate compared with the traditional recognition such as LBP, HOG and moments invariant.
The beginnings of specialized production and exchange in the Ancient Near East : current work in Britain. Durham, 15th January 1994. (1994)

Philip Graham. The beginnings of specialized production and exchange in the Ancient Near East : current work in Britain. Durham, 15th January 1994.. In: Paléorient, 1994, vol. 20, n°1. pp. 141-143.
Feasibility of a high-speed gamma-camera design using the high-yield-pileup-event-recovery method. (2001)

This feasibility study showed that the HYPER electronic concept works; it can significantly increase the count-rate capability and dose efficiency of gamma cameras. In a larger clinical camera, multiple HYPER-Anger circuits may be implemented to further improve the imaging counting rates that we have shown by multiple times. This technology would facilitate the use of gamma cameras for radionuclide therapy dosimetry imaging, cardiac first-pass imaging, and positron coincidence imaging and the simultaneous acquisition of transmission and emission data using different isotopes with less cross-contamination between transmission and emission data.
<title>3D reconstruction of articulated objects from uncalibrated images</title> (2002)

The goal of computing realistic 3-D models from image sequences is still a challenging problem. In recent years the demand for realistic reconstruction and modeling of objects and human bodies is increasing both for animation and medical applications. In this paper a system for the reconstruction of 3-D models of articulated objects, like human bodies, from uncalibrated images is presented. The scene is seen from different viewpoints and no pre-set knowledge is considered. To extract precise 3-D information from imagery, a calibration procedure must be performed. Therefore, first a camera calibration with Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) is done assuming few control points on the subject. The initial approximations of the interior and exterior orientation computed with DLT are then improved in a general photogrammetric bundle adjustment with self-calibration. Additionally a stereo matching process based on least squares matching extracts a dense set of image correspondences from the sequence. Finally a 3-D point cloud is computed by forward intersection using the calibration data and the matched points. The resulting 3-D model of human body is presented.
IgM serum antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus are uniquely present in a subset of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. (2004)

Serum antibody to EBV VCA IgM may be a specific diagnostic test for a second subset of CFS patients.
Extractives of Australian Timbers. XIV. Triterpene Glycosides of <i>Acacia myrtifolia</i> (1973)

Extraction of Acacia myrtifolia has yielded quercitrin and three triterpene glycosides, named myrtifoliosides A, B, and C. Myrtifolioside A, a minor crystalline component, gave erythrodiol and L-arabinose and D-glucose on hydrolysis. Myrtifolioside B (7), C48H80O17,H2O, the major crystalline glycoside, formed erythrodiol, D- glucose, and D-galactose on hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of the methyl ester of the amorphous myrtifolioside C gave methyl oleanolate, D-glucose, and D-galactose. The three glycosides were readily separated on silica gel by elution with a solvent containing sodium acetate.
Characteristics of a CO laser (1972)

Some characteristics of CO laser operation are reported. A discussion of the roles of the various ingredients necessary for optimization of the gas compositions is given and measurements of efficiency, spectral output, small signal gains, and saturation intensity at various temperatures are reported. Important mechanisms that dominate the kinetics of the molecules and electrons in electrical discharge systems are described briefly. Several experimental observations are presented to support the interpretations and conclusions that have been drawn regarding the pumping processes and optimum operating characteristics. The possibility of high-power operation of the CO laser with high efficiency is demonstrated by the attainment of laser efficiencies up to 47 percent with small signal gain coefficients of nearly 0.5 percent/cm and a saturation intensity of 15 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a gas temperature of 200°K.
The Top‐CARL, process: A patterning technique for organic materials (1992)

The patterning of organic layer materials is often hindered by the effects of the conditions used to “develop” the resist material, for example high temperatures for strong bases, which attack the substrate. The process described here allows the patterning even of delicate layers of oriented nonlinear optical polymers. The figure shown a patterned polyimide film 115 μm thick. magnified image
Cross-Reactive Immunoprotective Antibodies to Escherichia coli 0111 Rough Mutant J5 (1985)

The potential immunoprotective role of antiserum to an Escherichia coli J5 mutant derived from E. coli O111:B4 was demonstrated in an experimental mouse model. Overwhelming bacterial inocula masked the effects of cross-reactive immunoprotection due to antiserum to strain J5. Enhanced bacterial clearance was observed in mice receiving antiserum to strain J5 in sublethal infections but not from lethal doses. Incorporation of hemoglobin with the bacterial inocula decreased the 50% lethal dose of challenge organisms, allowing the demonstration of protective activity of antiserum to strain J5 in lethal infection. Pretreatment of mice with antiserum to strain J5 did not protect against lethal doses of endotoxin. The protective factor was demonstrated by exhaustive adsorption experiments to be an antibody specific for strain J5 lipopolysaccharide. The protective activity of antiserum to strain J5 was abolished only after adsorption with strain J5 lipopolysaccharide but not with Salmonella typhimurium mutants with or without enterobacterial common antigen.
Village Justice in Indonesia (2004)

This paper examines how poor village communities have sought access to justice in an environment where existing institutions have, more often than not, failed them. The New Order government instituted policies that weakened traditional dispute-resolution mechanisms, created authoritarian villages with few avenues of redress for poor people, and made the legal system weaker, more corrupt and less accessible. That also contributed to poverty, insecurity and constrains the political legitimacy of the government. The aims of the report are: a) understand the preferences and expectations of villagers in resolving disputes and defending their interests, both informally and through formal legal institutions; b) identify patterns in the interaction between poor communities, village institutions and the legal system; and c) identify what factors enabled poor village communities to defend their interests successfully in an environment of institutional weakness. The paper includes one page summaries of relevant trial cases and their outcomes resolved in rural communities.
Pb-free bumping technology and UBM (under bump metallurgy) (2002)

Demand for Pb-free and high density interconnection technology is rapidly growing. The electroplating bumping method is a good approach to meet fine pitch requirements, especially for high volume production. This paper suggests a Sn/3.5Ag Pb-free electroplated bumping process for high density Pb-free interconnection. The Sn/3.5Ag alloy electroplating process was successfully developed in cooperation between KAIST and Fraunhofer IZM. Another important issue for the future flip chip interconnection is to optimize UBM (under bump metallurgy) systems for high-density and Pb-free solder bumps. In this work, four different types of UBM systems (sputtered TiW 0.2 /spl mu/m/Cu 0.3 /spl mu/m/electroplated Cu 5 /spl mu/m, sputtered Cr 0.15 /spl mu/m/Cr-Cu 0.3 /spl mu/m/Cu 0.8 /spl mu/m, sputtered NiV 0.2 /spl mu/m/ Cu 0.8 /spl mu/m, and sputtered TiW 0.2 /spl mu/m/ NiV 0.8 /spl mu/m) were selected, processed, and compared in terms of the interfacial reaction of electroplated Pb/63Sn and Sn/3.5Ag solder bumps. Both Cu-Sn or Ni-Sn IMC (intermetallic compound) growth showed a tendency to spall-off from the UBM/solder interface when the solder wettable layer was completely consumed during the liquid state 'reflow' process. This IMC spalling mechanism appeared different depending on the barrier layer material.
Preparation of sorbitol from <scp>D</scp>‐glucose hydrogenation in gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow airlift loop reactor (2004)

Abstract A new process for D ‐glucose hydrogenation in 50 wt% aqueous solution, into sorbitol in a 1.5 m 3 gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow airlift loop reactor (ALR) over Raney Nickel catalysts has been developed. Five main factors affecting the reaction time and molar yield to sorbitol, including reaction temperature ( T R ), reaction pressure ( P R ), pH, hydrogen gas flowrate ( Q g ) and content of active hydrogen, were investigated and optimized. The average reaction time and molar yield were 70 min and 98.6% under the optimum operating conditions, respectively. The efficiencies of preparation of sorbitol between the gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow ALR and stirred tank reactor (STR) under the same operating conditions were compared. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Beyond the standard clinical rating scales: Fine-grained assessment of post-stroke motor functionality using wearable inertial sensors (2012)

Accurate motor function assessment of post-stroke patients plays a critical role in their rehabilitation interventions. In this paper, we propose an approach to use wearable inertial sensing technology to quantitatively evaluate the patients' motor behavior. Different from existing wearable motor function assessment techniques that focus on building mapping functions that correlate sensed movement signals to the standard clinical rating scales, our approach provides a fine-grained assessment by capturing detailed patterns contained in the patients' movements. We collected data on three subjects including two post-stroke patients who have varying degrees of upper extremity hemiparesis. Our experimental results validate our approach and demonstrate that the captured patterns can be used to complement the standard clinical scores to provide fine-grained motor function assessment and help clinicians to track patients' gradual progress during rehabilitation.
Model Reference Sliding Mode Control for a Class of SISO Systems with Nonlinear Input (2006)

The problem of model reference sliding model control for a class of SISO systems with nonlinear input is studied in this paper. The T-S fuzzy model is employed to represent the nonlinear SISO system. The model reference sliding mode control is designed based on sliding mode control technique. Finally by theoretical analysis, the closed-loop fuzzy control system is proved to be globally stable, with tracking error asymptotically converging to zero. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach
Estimating Hydraulic Parameters When Poroelastic Effects Are Significant (2011)

For almost 80 years, deformation-induced head changes caused by poroelastic effects have been observed during pumping tests in multilayered aquifer-aquitard systems. As water in the aquifer is released from compressive storage during pumping, the aquifer is deformed both in the horizontal and vertical directions. This deformation in the pumped aquifer causes deformation in the adjacent layers, resulting in changes in pore pressure that may produce drawdown curves that differ significantly from those predicted by traditional groundwater theory. Although these deformation-induced head changes have been analyzed in several studies by poroelasticity theory, there are at present no practical guidelines for the interpretation of pumping test data influenced by these effects. To investigate the impact that poroelastic effects during pumping tests have on the estimation of hydraulic parameters, we generate synthetic data for three different aquifer-aquitard settings using a poroelasticity model, and then analyze the synthetic data using type curves and parameter estimation techniques, both of which are based on traditional groundwater theory and do not account for poroelastic effects. Results show that even when poroelastic effects result in significant deformation-induced head changes, it is possible to obtain reasonable estimates of hydraulic parameters using methods based on traditional groundwater theory, as long as pumping is sufficiently long so that deformation-induced effects have largely dissipated.
The performance evaluation of a new neural network based traffic management scheme for a satellite communication network (2002)

The scheme consists of two levels of management. The front end of the scheme is a derivation of Kohonen's self-organization model to configure maps for the satellite communication network dynamically. The model consists of three stages. The first stage is the pattern recognition task, in which an exemplar map that best meets the current network requirements is selected. The second stage is the analysis of the discrepancy between the chosen exemplar map and the state of the network, and the adaptive modification of the chosen exemplar map to conform closely to the network requirement (input data pattern) by means of Kohonen's self-organization. On the basis of certain performance criteria, whether a new map is generated to replace the original chosen map is decided in the third stage. A state-dependent routing algorithm, which arranges the incoming call to some proper path, is used to make the network more efficient and to lower the call block rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolic flux analysis for a ppc mutant Escherichia coli based on 13C-labelling experiments together with enzyme activity assays and intracellular metabolite measurements (2004)

The physiology and central metabolism of a ppc mutant Escherichia coli were investigated based on the metabolic flux distribution obtained by (13)C-labelling experiments using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) strategies together with enzyme activity assays and intracellular metabolite concentration measurements. Compared to the wild type, its ppc mutant excreted little acetate and produced less carbon dioxide at the expense of a slower growth rate and a lower glucose uptake rate. Consequently, an improvement of the biomass yield on glucose was observed in the ppc mutant. Enzyme activity measurements revealed that isocitrate lyase activity increased by more than 3-fold in the ppc mutant. Some TCA cycle enzymes such as citrate synthase, aconitase and malate dehydrogenase were also upregulated, but enzymes of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway were downregulated. The intracellular intermediates in the glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, therefore, accumulated, while acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate concentrations decreased in the ppc mutant. The intracellular metabolic flux analysis uncovered that deletion of ppc resulted in the appearance of the glyoxylate shunt, with 18.9% of the carbon flux being channeled via the glyoxylate shunt. However, the flux of the pentose phosphate pathway significantly decreased in the ppc mutant.
Building block shaders (1990)

This paper describes an implementation of Cook's "shade trees" in which shaders are described as networks of modules, building blocks, whose connections can be defined interactively.The high level interface to the shaders is a graphical editor which permits users to construct complex shaders by connecting shading elements in a network, in effect a graphical shading language. A low level interface to the shaders is also provided. In the low level interface, shading elements are programmed in a standard programming language and compiled into modules which can linked either at run time or compile time.Each link in the shading network represents a subroutine call. In essence, execution of the network is analogous to the execution of an interpreted language.
Selective lateral epitaxy of dislocation-free InP on silicon-on-insulator (2019)

Efficient on-chip laser sources of Si photonics can be built from direct epitaxy of dislocation-free III–V alloys on industrial-standard (001) Si wafers. Here, we report on selective lateral epitaxy of InP on patterned (001) silicon-on-insulators (SOIs) by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Based on the conventional “aspect ratio trapping” approach, we created undercut patterns to alter the growth front to the lateral direction. Growth of InP inside the nano-scale SOI trenches results in dislocation-free InP crystals right atop the buried oxide layer. The intimate placement of the InP crystals with the Si device layer points to the development of dislocation-free nano-ridges for integration of efficient III–V light emitters with Si-based photonic components on SOI.
Solubilisation of methane monooxygenase from <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> (Bath) (1989)

The membrane‐bound (particulate) form of methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) has been solubilised using the non‐ionic detergent dodecyl‐β‐ d ‐maltoside. A wide variety of detergents were tested and found to solubilise membrane proteins but did not yield methane monooxygenase in a form that could be subsequently activated. After solubilisation with dodecyl‐β‐ d ‐maltoside, enzyme activity was recovered using either egg or soya‐bean lipids. Attempts to further purify the solubilized methane monooxygenaser protein into its component polypeptides were unsuccessful and resulted in complete loss of enzyme activity. The major polypeptides present in the solubilised enzyme had molecular masses of 49 kDa, 23 kDa and 22 kDa which were similar to those seen in crude extracts [Prior, S. D. & Dalton H. (1985) J. Gen. Microbiol. 131 , 155–163]. Studies on substrate and inhibitor specificities indicated that the membrane‐associated and solubilised forms of methane monooxygenase were quite similar to each other but differed substantially from the well‐characterised soluble methane monooxygenase found in cells grown in a low copper regime and synthesised independently of the particulate methane monooxygenase.
Rapid characterization of green fluorescent protein fusion proteins on the molecular and cellular level by fluorescence correlation microscopy (1999)

Fluorescence correlation microscopy (FCM) was applied to characterize fusion proteins of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) on the cellular as well as molecular level within seconds in an integrated instrument. FCM combines the inherent sensitivity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with fluorescence imaging and micropositioning, thereby providing a spectrum of molecular information in the cellular context. Signatures of characteristic parameters derived from the autocorrelation functions served to distinguish a GFP fusion protein of the epidermal growth factor receptor from GFP fluorescence in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm. Diffusion constants measured for free transiently expressed GFP reproduced values reported previously with other techniques. The accessible concentration range extends from millions to only a few thousand molecules per cell, with single molecule detectability in the femtoliter detection volume. The detailed molecular characterization offered by FCM is fully compatible with automation in sample identification and detection, offering new possibilities for highly integrated high-throughput screening.
The visual vulnerability spectrum (2006)

With shrinking process technology, the primary cause of transient faults in semiconductors shifts away from high-energy cosmic particle strikes and toward more mundane and pervasive causes---power fluctuations, crosstalk, and other random noise. Smaller transistor features require a lower critical charge to hold and change bits, which leads to faster microprocessors, but which also leads to higher transient fault rates. Current trends, expected to continue, show soft error rates increasing exponentially at a rate of 8% per technology generation. Existing transient fault research in general-purpose architecture, like the well-established architectural vulnerability factor (AVF), assume that all computations are equally important and all errors equally intolerable. However, we observe that the effect of transient faults in graphics processing can range from imperceptible, to bothersome visual artifacts, to critical loss of function. We therefore extend and generalize the AVF by introducing the Visual Vulnerability Spectrum (VVS). We apply the VVS to analyze the effect of increased transient error rate on graphics processors. With this analysis in hand, we suggest several targeted, inexpensive solutions that can mitigate the most egregious of soft error consequences.
Linear Suffix Array Construction by Almost Pure Induced-Sorting (2009)

We present a linear time and space suffix array (SA) construction algorithm called the SA-IS algorithm.The SA-IS algorithm is novel because of the LMS-substrings used for the problem reduction and the pure induced-sorting (specially coined for this algorithm)used to propagate the order of suffixes as well as that of LMS-substrings, which makes the algorithm almost purely relying on induced sorting at both its crucial steps.The pure induced-sorting renders the algorithm an elegant design and in turn a surprisingly compact implementation which consists of less than 100 lines of C code.The experimental results demonstrate that this newly proposed algorithm yields noticeably better time and space efficiencies than all the currently published linear time algorithms for SA construction.