gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A naturalistic decision making model for simulated human combatants (2000)

The authors describe a naturalistic behavioral model for the simulation of small unit combat. This model, Klein's recognition-primed decision making (RPD) model, is driven by situational awareness rather than a rational process of selecting from a set of action options. They argue that simulated combatants modeled with RPD will have more flexible and realistic responses to a broad range of small-scale combat scenarios. Furthermore, they note that the predictability of a simulation using an RPD framework can be easily controlled to provide multiple evaluations of a given combat scenario. Finally, they discuss computational issues for building an RPD-based behavior engine for fully automated combatants in small conflict scenarios, which are being investigated within Sandia's Next Generation Site Security project.
Control mechanisms for packet audio in the Internet (2002)

The Internet provides a single class best effort service. From an application's point of view, this service amounts in practice to providing channels with time-varying characteristics such as delay and loss distributions. One way to support real time applications such as interactive audio given this service is to use control mechanisms that adapt the audio coding and decoding processes based on the characteristics of the channels, the goal being to maximize the quality of the audio delivered to the destinations. In this paper, we describe and analyze a set of such control mechanisms. They include a jitter control mechanism and a combined error and rate control mechanism. These mechanisms have been implemented and evaluated over the Internet and the MBone. Experiments indicate that they make it possible to establish and maintain reasonable quality audioconferences even across fairly congested connections.
Compact NMOS building blocks and a methodology for dedicated digital filter applications (1983)

Building blocks for digital filters are discussed. They require 0.7 mm/SUP 2/ or 3 mm/SUP 2/ per pole-zero for a dedicated and a partly programmable realization, respectively. They are realized in 6 /spl mu/m NMOS technology, with 16-bit words and working at bit rates up to 10 Mbit/s. With the exclusion of data conversion, scaling will make them competitive with switched capacitor realizations for 3 /spl mu/m technology, in terms of silicon area and speed. These compact results are achieved due to proper minimization in the design. The experience with the above designs is then generalized into a methodology for custom digital filters. An important concern is a hardware-minimization scheme over all design levels (algorithm, bit-serial architecture, and layout style) with efficient IC implementation and performance in mind. It leads to the possibility of an automated design. The design is supported by computer aided design tools for design verification on all levels, and for file management as well as layout. A formal design of a third-order elliptical wave digital filter demonstrates the concept. The resulting chip area is 1.8 mm/SUP 2/ in 6 /spl mu/m NMOS. The simulated maximum bit rate is 5 MHz (corresponding to 312 kHz sampling rate), with a power consumption of 18 mW.
Liquid ventilation. (2005)

Respiratory diseases are the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn babies. During the past few years several new modalities of treatment like surfactant have been introduced. One of them, and probably the most fascinating, is of liquid ventilation. Partial liquid ventilation, on which much of the existing research has concentrated, requires partial filling of lungs with perfluorocarbons (PFC's) and ventilation with gas tidal volumes using a conventional mechanical ventilators. Various physico-chemical properties of PFC's make them the ideal media. It results in a dramatic improvement in lung compliance and oxygenation and decline in mean airway pressure and oxygen requirements. It shows further promise for lung lavaging procedures, pulmonary image enhancement, pulmonary administration of drugs and as a technique to increase functional residual capacity in lung hypoplasia syndromes. There are no long-term side effect reported.
Synthesis of Nucleosides and Related Compounds. XXII. Carbocyclic Analogues of Thymidine and Related Compounds from 2-Azabicyclo(2.2.1)hept-5-en-3-ones. (1991)

Reductive amido bond cleavage reaction, previously elaborated by our laboratory for the synthesis of carbocyclic ribothymidine from readily available 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one, was successfully applied to the synthesis of carbocyclic analogues of thymidine and related compounds.
Skobelev network optimisation by sequential quadratic programming (2010)

A new method for optimising the directional couplers characterising a Skobelev network is presented. The method adopted succeeds in improving the performances of the related sub-array radiation patterns in terms of sidelobe level with negligible effects on the main beam.
Geometric calibration of distributed microphone arrays from acoustic source correspondences (2010)

This paper proposes a method that solves the problem of geometric calibration of microphone arrays. We consider a distributed system, in which each array is controlled by separate acquisition devices that do not share a common synchronization clock. Given a set of probing sources, e.g. loudspeakers, each array computes an estimate of the source locations using a conventional TDOA-based algorithm. These observations are fused together by the proposed method, in order to estimate the position and pose of one array with respect to the other. Unlike previous approaches, we explicitly consider the anisotropic distribution of localization errors. As such, the proposed method is able to address the problem of geometric calibration when the probing sources are located both in the near- and far-field of the microphone arrays. Experimental results demonstrate that the improvement in terms of calibration accuracy with respect to state-of-the-art algorithms can be substantial, especially in the far-field.
Expression of TGF-<i>β</i> isoforms during first trimester human embryogenesis (1990)

We have studied the expression of the genes encoding transforming growth factors (TGFs) beta 1, beta 2 and beta 3 in human embryos ranging from 32 to 57 days post-coitum, using in situ hybridization. The spatial and temporal pattern of expression of each gene is distinct, though each occasionally overlaps. TGF-beta 1 is expressed in haematopoietic, endothelial and osteogenic tissues. TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 are expressed in a wide variety of mesenchymal tissues including areas of chondrogenic activity. TGF-beta 2 is also found in several epithelial and in the ventral nervous system. The differential transcript distributions are broadly similar to those seen in mouse embryos suggesting that there is conservation of TGF-beta gene regulatory sequences and developmental function across this species boundary.
ChemInform Abstract: THE OXIDATION OF GLYCOSIDES PART 17, PREPARATION OF SOME METHYL‐HEXODIALDOPYRANOSIDE‐(1,5)‐S (1974)

Abstract Das Glucohexodialdopyranosid (II) wird durch Oxidation des Glucopyranosids (I) b dargestellt; seine Struktur wird durch chemische Reaktionen bestätigt.
Biostatistic Tools in Pharmacogenomics - Advances, Challenges, Potential (2010)

Inter-individual variations in drug response are all-too common and, throughout medical history have often posed problems, many of them serious ones. The variations could stem from multiple factors, which include those of both the host (age, genetic and environmental factors) and disease (pathophysiological phenotypes, somatic mutations in case of cancers). The complex interplay of these factors can influence pharmacodynamic responses, such as adverse effects and efficacy, as well as pharmacokinetic manifestations through variability in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Recently, several potentially powerful tools to decipher such intricacies are emerging in various fields of science, and the translation of such knowledge to personalized medicine, called, in general, pharmacogenomics, has been promoted and has occasioned strong expectations from almost every sector of health care. However, at present, few biomarkers can predict which group of patients will respond positively, which will be non-responders and who might experience adverse reactions from the same medication and dosage. This review highlights several important aspects related to the design and statistical analysis for pharmacogenomics studies or clinical trials, which incorporate biomarkers. First, we review biomarker development: how biomarkers may be used as targets and the difference between prognostic and predictive markers. Second, in confirmatory clinical trials, we focus on issues related to study design for evaluating biomarkers and how they can be used to determine which patients might optimally benefit from a specific therapy. Finally, we review exploratory statistical screening techniques for detecting biomarkers in Phase I or pharmacokinetics studies.
Gene expression changes after hypoxic preconditioning in rat hepatocytes. (2006)

Many cytokines are involved in hypoxic preconditioning and protect hepatocytes from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, and the increase of oxygen free-radical scavengers and anti-inflammatory factors may play a key role in this phenomenon. Diverse signal pathways are probably involved.
Relation of in vitro colony survival to clinical response in a prospective trial of single-agent chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma. (1984)

We have used the effect of therapeutic agents on clonogenic growth in agar to discriminate between active and inactive agents for malignant melanoma. We report a prospective study of single-agent chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Forty-five separate in vitro/in vivo correlative trials were conducted in 34 patients. A number of agents were used in these evaluations, including actinomycin D, Amsacrine, bisantrene, mitoxantrone, BCNU, vinblastine, vindesine, 5-fluorouracil, MGBG, etoposide, interferon, tamoxifen, and 13-cis-retinoic acid. At the "cut-off" concentration, a colony survival less than 30% was designated as "sensitivity" and greater than 30% as "resistance." Clinical sensitivity was designated to include complete, partial, and mixed responses and was predicted in eight of 18 trials (44%). Clinical resistance (nonresponse) was predicted correctly in 24 of 27 cases (89%). Using Fisher's exact test the association of in vitro and in vivo results was significant (P = .05). These results offer further support for the concept that clonogenic assays may help select useful agents for clinical trials in metastatic melanoma.
Glucose Homeostasis in the Teleost Fish Tilapia: Insights from Brockmann Body Xenotransplantation Studies (2000)

Certain teleost fish have large anatomically discrete islet organs called Brockmann bodies (BBs). When transplanted into streptozotocin diabetic athymic nude mice, tilapia BBs provide long-term normoglycemia. This has afforded us the opportunity to examine tilapia islet in vivo function in a non-piscine environment and compare this with in vivo function in the donor species. As expected, fasting and non-fasting glycemic levels in long-term murine recipients of tilapia BBs were analogous to corresponding values in donor tilapia, but, surprisingly, tilapia BB grafts provided mammalian-like glucose tolerance profiles. Teleost fish, in general, are severely glucose intolerant. When glucose tolerance tests were performed in tilapia, the mean glucose disappearance rates were very low; however, diabetic nude mice bearing long-term tilapia BB grafts were extremely glucose responsive. This suggested a severe or absolute peripheral resistance to the glucostatic effects of insulin. Using Western blotting with polyclonal antibodies and then confirmed by Northern analysis, tilapia peripheral tissues appear to be devoid of GLUT-4, the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of insulin in mammals, but not GLUT-1, the insulin independent glucose transporter. This may explain why tilapia, and possibly other teleost fish, are severely glucose intolerant after pharmacologic glucose-loading. Because tilapia do not tend to consume large quantities of glucose in the wild, it is not surprising that they have evolved without a mechanism to move glucose rapidly from the bloodstream into muscle and fat. Nevertheless, insulin still appears to play an important role in maintaining normoglycemia in tilapia; however, this is mostly likely a result of its effect on glucose uptake in the liver. We also present comparative data on tilapia beta cell function, quantification of islet cell numbers and types, islet products, insulin gene structure and expression, and beta cell sensitivity to the diabetogenic drug streptozotocin.
Immunochemical Studies on the Poly-γ-D-glutamyl Capsule of Bacillus anthracis. II. The Synthesis of Eight Dipeptides and Four Tripeptides of Glutamic Acid<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmunochemical Studies on the Poly-γ-D-glutamyl Capsule of Bacillus anthracis. II. The Synthesis of Eight Dipeptides and Four Tripeptides of Glutamic Acid*Danute E. Nitecki and Joel W. GoodmanCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 2, 665–673Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00866a037https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00866a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Manufacturing of roman ceramic artifacts in Po river plane : a multianalytical approach. (2002)

Une approche multianalytique, pétrologique et géochimique, a été appliquée aux sols et aux artefacts afin de reconstituer les traitements de matières premières pour fabriquer des briques et des tuiles à l'époque romaine dans la province de Pavie (Italie du Nord). Il est bien connu que, à cette époque, les matières premières étaient modifiées afin d'obtenir un mélange de bonne qualité. Des sols et des artefacts ont été échantillonnés dans deux zones, Lomellina et Oltrepo Pavese. Les paramètres fortement indicatifs du processus de fabrication sont le rapport grains/matrice et certains oxydes principaux tels que SiO,, A1,O3 et CaO. En outre, un traitement statistique d'analyse multivariée a été appliqué aux données de concentration dès éléments mineurs et traces, y compris les terres rares (REE). Le même traitement a été également appliqué aux fractions de sols (sable, silt, argile). Cette approche méthodologique permet de caractériser les sols et les artefacts, aussi bien que leur provenance, et de tracer les grandes lignes des processus de l'ajout et/ou de la purification des dégraissants.
A Novel Method for Measurement of Submembrane ATP Concentration (2000)

There has been considerable debate as to whether adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is compartmentalized within cells and, in particular, whether the ATP concentration directly beneath the plasma membrane, experienced by membrane proteins, is the same as that of the bulk cytoplasm. This issue has been difficult to address because there is no indicator of cytosolic ATP, such as those available for Ca(2+), capable of resolving the submembrane ATP concentration ([ATP](sm)) in real time within a single cell. We show here that mutant ATP-sensitive K(+) channels can be used to measure [ATP](sm) by comparing the increase in current amplitude on patch excision with the ATP dose-response curve. In Xenopus oocytes, [ATP](sm) was 4.6 +/- 0.3 mm (n = 29) under resting conditions, slightly higher than that measured for the bulk cytoplasm (2.3 mm). In mammalian (COSm6) cells, [ATP](sm) was slightly lower and averaged 1.4 +/- 0.1 mm (n = 66). Metabolic poisoning (10 min of 3 mm azide) produced a significant fall in [ATP](sm) in both types of cells: to 1.2 +/- 0.1 mm (n = 24) in oocytes and 0.8 +/- 0.11 mm for COSm6 cells. We conclude that [ATP](sm) lies in the low millimolar range and that there is no gradient between bulk cytosolic and submembrane [ATP].
Physics Today nuclear war survey (1982)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Henk Wind; Physics Today nuclear war survey. Physics Today 1 January 1982; 35 (1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2889990 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Betalain induction by <scp>l</scp>‐<scp>DOPA</scp> application confers photoprotection to saline‐exposed leaves of <i><scp>D</scp>isphyma australe</i> (2015)

The capacity to synthesize betalains has arisen in diverse phylogenetic lineages across the Caryophyllales, and because betalainic plants often grow in deserts, sand dunes, or salt marshes, it is likely that these pigments confer adaptive advantages. However, possible functional roles of foliar betalains remain largely unexplored and are difficult to test experimentally. We adopted a novel approach to examine putative photoprotective roles of betalains in leaves for which chloroplast function has been compromised by salinity. Responses of l-DOPA-treated red shoots of Disphyma australe to high light and salinity were compared with those of naturally red- and green-leafed morphs. Betalain content and tyrosinase activity were measured, and Chl fluorescence profiles and H2 O2 production were compared under white, red or green light. Green leaves lacked tyrosinase activity, but when supplied with exogenous l-DOPA they produced five betacyanins. Both the naturally red and l-DOPA-induced red leaves generated less H2 O2 and showed smaller declines in photosystem II quantum efficiency than did green leaves when exposed to white or green light, although not when exposed to red light. Light screening by epidermal betalains effectively reduces the propensity for photoinhibition and photo-oxidative stress in subjacent chlorenchyma. This may assist plant survival in exposed and saline environments.
HMM-based text-to-articulatory-movement prediction and analysis of critical articulators (2010)

In this paper we present a method to predict the movement of a speaker’s mouth from text input using hidden Markov models (HMM). We have used a corpus of human articulatory movements, recorded by electromagnetic articulography (EMA), to train HMMs. To predict articulatory movements from text, a suitable model sequence is selected and the maximum-likelihood parameter generation (MLPG) algorithm is used to generate output articulatory trajectories. In our experiments, we find that fully context-dependent models outperform monophone and quinphone models, achieving an average root mean square (RMS) error of 1.945mm when state durations are predicted from text, and 0.872mm when natural state durations are used. Finally, we go on to analyze the prediction error for different EMA dimensions and phone types. We find a clear pattern emerges that the movements of so-called critical articulators can be predicted more accurately than the average performance. Index Terms: Hidden Markov model, articulatory features, parameter generation, critical articulators
Personal environment service based on the integration of mobile communications and wireless personal area networks (2010)

The vision behind the personal environment service is that of recreating a user's customized living or working surroundings in accordance with user-defined settings and in response to the user's mobility. Concepts such as ambient intelligence and home networks could be instrumental in realization of PES. Indeed, integration of elements of these technologies may attract industrial attention and support, which in turn may speed up the implementation and deployment of PES. Moreover, underlying technologies related to the above concepts are envisioned to play a key role in the realization of PES, including mobile communications supported by ubiquitous infrastructure and wireless personal area networks. In this article we present a simple PES network architecture and its underlying network technologies, and we discuss a set of potential services of PES. We also compare PES with other related concepts capable of supporting the PES vision.
Heterocyclic oxyacetic acid diuretics: indazole, benzisothiazole, and benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide analogs of [[7-chloro-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl]oxy]acetic acid (1983)

The indazole, benzisothiazole, and benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide analogues of [[7-chloro-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl]oxy]acetic acid were synthesized and tested for diuretic activity in saline-loaded mice. Each analogue was found to be less active than the parent benzisoxazole: the diuretic activity followed the order O greater than S greater than N = SO2 in regard to the heteroatom in the 1-position of the ring.
Phase-corrected RASTA for automatic speech recognition over the phone (2002)

In this paper we propose an extension to the classical RASTA technique. The new method consists of classical RASTA filtering followed by an all-pass phase correction filter. In this manner, the influence of the communication channel is as effectively removed as with classical RASTA. However, our proposal does not introduce a left-context dependency like classical RASTA. Therefore the new method is better suited for automatic speech recognition based on context-independent modeling with Gaussian mixture hidden Markov models. We tested this in the context of connected digit recognition over the phone. In case we used context-dependent hidden Markov models (i.e., word models), we found that classical RASTA and phase-corrected RASTA performed equally well. For context-independent phone-based models, we found that phase-corrected RASTA can outperform classical RASTA depending on the acoustic resolution of the models.
Citreamicins, novel antibiotics from Micromonospora citrea. Isolation, characterization, and structure determination. (1990)

A new family of antibacterial antibiotics has been isolated from Micromonospora citrea. The compounds, designated citreamicins alpha, beta, gamma, zeta and eta are of the polycyclic xanthone structure type. Their isolation, characterization and structure determination are presented.