gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A family cluster of an immune escape variant of hepatitis B virus infecting a mother and her two fully immunized children (1995)

A hepatitis B virus (HBV) immune escape variant which results from a substitution of glycine by arginine at position 145 (arginine-145) in the immunodominant neutralization epitope of the S protein was found to infect one child in a seroepidemiologic survey of 1,812 vaccinated children. The child's mother and a younger brother were also infected by the same HBV variant, despite a greater than accepted level of protective antibody (anti-HBV surface antigen) in both the index child (30 mIU/ml) and the brother (> 20,000 mIU/ml). Our findings suggest the perinatal or horizontal transmission of the arginine-145 HBV variant from mother to child, but the ability of this variant to propagate among the vaccinated children remains unknown.
A revision of Rhizobium Frank 1889, with an emended description of the genus, and the inclusion of all species of Agrobacterium Conn 1942 and Allorhizobium undicola de Lajudie et al. 1998 as new combinations: Rhizobium radiobacter, R. rhizogenes, R. rubi, R. undicola and R. vitis. (2001)

Rhizobium, Agrobacterium and Allorhizobium are genera within the bacterial family Rhizobiaceae, together with Sinorhizobium. The species of Agrobacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (syn. Agrobacterium radiobacter), Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Agrobacterium rubi and Agrobacterium vitis, together with Allorhizobium undicola, form a monophyletic group with all Rhizobium species, based on comparative 16S rDNA analyses. Agrobacterium is an artificial genus comprising plant-pathogenic species. The monophyletic nature of Agrobacterium, Allorhizobium and Rhizobium and their common phenotypic generic circumscription support their amalgamation into a single genus, Rhizobium. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was conserved as the type species of Agrobacterium, but the epithet radiobacter would take precedence as Rhizobium radiobacter in the revised genus. The proposed new combinations are Rhizobium radiobacter, Rhizobium rhizogenes, Rhizobium rubi, Rhizobium undicola and Rhizobium vitis.
Nonlinear optical measurements of semiconductor interfacial kinetics (1986)

Optical second harmonic generation is intrinsically sensitive to the interface between two isotropic media. Static measurements of SH intensity determine, for example, surface symmetry and orientation of adsorbed species. Use of the technique as a real-time probe of interfacial processes requires an ultrafast pulsed laser system. The time dependence of the SH signal following charge injection by either a voltage step or optical pulse monitors interfacial processes such as electrochemical reactions, electron transfer, trapping in surface states, and charge recombination. These new time-resolved measurements potentially provide information about interfacial kinetics and dynamics in the nanosecond and faster time regimes. Among the semiconductors investigated are amorphous selenium thin films, isomorphic selenium-tellurium mixtures, and transition metal hexagonal layer compounds. These materials have practical consequences which range from optical switching candidates to semiconductor electrodes.
HTTP Transport for the Open Trust Protocol (OTrP) (2019)

This document specifies the HTTP transport for the Open Trust Protocol
(OTrP), which is used to manage code and configuration data in a
Trusted Execution Environment (TEE). An implementation of this
document can run outside of any TEE, but interacts with an OTrP
implementation that runs inside a TEE.
A Rheological Equation of State for Semiconcentrated Fiber Suspensions (1984)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Steven M. Dinh, Robert C. Armstrong; A Rheological Equation of State for Semiconcentrated Fiber Suspensions. J. Rheol. 1 June 1984; 28 (3): 207–227. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.549748 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Interactive dynamics (1990)

Our goal is to use physical simulation as an interactive medium for building and manipulating a wide range of models. A key to achieving this goal is the ability to create complex physical models dynamically by snapping simple pieces together, integrating the process of model creation into the ongoing simulation. We present a mathematical and computational formulation for constrained dynamics that makes this possible, allowing encapsulated objects, constraints, and forces to be combined dynamically and simulated efficiently. The formulation handles arbitrary objects, including nonrigid bodies. We describe an implementation for interactive dynamics, and discuss applications to mechanism construction, geometric modeling, interactive optimization data fitting, and animation.
Diagnostic applications of near infrared solid-state lasers in the eye (2002)

For early detection and quantification of potential pathological changes in retinal and subretinal structures the authors use near infrared lasers and a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The laser beam is scanned in a raster pattern across the fundus, light is sampled by confocal apertures, and a sensitive solid state detector provides a video rate image. Data of the ocular fundus are compared using infrared imaging with no dye enhancement and using indocyanine green angiography. Solid state, near infra-red lasers provide an ideal source for imaging the ocular fundus, since the many pigments are greatly decreased in total absorption at infrared wavelengths, compared with visible light. The effect is that images can be acquired in vivo, with safe, comfortable levels of light, without dilating the pupil.
Integrated Modelling for Planning, Scheduling, and Timetabling Problems (2001)

Planning, scheduling, and timetabling problems are typically solved using different techniques despite the fact that all these areas seem very similar and they are definitely connected. In this paper we propose a generic model covering scheduling and timetabling problems as well as some problems from planning under time and resource constraints. Our model is motivated by reallife problems and our goal is to cover various aspects of these problems in the common model.
Identification and Characterization of Acyl-Protein Thioesterase 1/Lysophospholipase I As a Ghrelin Deacylation/Lysophospholipid Hydrolyzing Enzyme in Fetal Bovine Serum and Conditioned Medium (2010)

Ghrelin contains an octanoic acid at the third residue serine, and the presence of octanoic acid on ghrelin is critical to its physiological functions. The precise mechanism for the deacylation of ghrelin in circulation remains to be clarified, although the level of deacylated ghrelin (des-acyl ghrelin) is higher than that of acylated ghrelin in serum. In this study, rapid identification of ghrelin deacylation activity was achieved by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and a ghrelin deacylation enzyme was purified 1515-fold from fetal bovine serum. Chromatographic separation showed a 24-kDa band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to ghrelin deacylation activity, and the protein band was identified as acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1)/lysophospholipase I. A ghrelin deacylation enzyme in medium from HepG2 cells was also purified and identified as APT1. Although it lacks a secretion signal sequence, APT1 may be released by cells expressing APT1, mainly from liver in vivo. APT1 was originally purified as a cytosolic lysophospholipid hydrolyzing enzyme (lysophospholipase I), and recombinant APT1 exhibited deacylation activity as well as lysophospholipase activity in vitro. APT1 is released at high levels from RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells into the culture medium after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS suppresses APT1 mRNA and protein expressions in these cells. More potent ghrelin deacylase activities were detected in sera from LPS-treated rats than in control sera. These results suggested that the serum activity of APT1 may play an important role in determination of the concentration of des-acyl ghrelin in circulation, especially under septic inflammation.
Obstacle detection with 3D camera using U-V-Disparity (2011)

Obstacle detection has been one of the most critical features for reliable driving scene analysis. This paper presents an approach for an automatic obstacle detection system. The proposed system makes use of depth information generated by a 3D camera mounted on the front of a moving vehicle. Obstacles projected as line features in the V-U-Disparity map can be extracted to detect the road surface and obstacles. A Steerable Filter is employed at an early stage to dramatically lower the noise. Furthermore, a modified Hough Transform is placed to extract the straight line feature from the depth map with improved accuracy. The system is robust in dealing with fault detection caused by roadside features which is a commonly shared problem in many other obstacle detection approaches.
Study of the lower ionosphere using partial reflection: 1. Experimental technique and method of analysis (1964)

The amplitude of weak echoes partially reflected from ionization irregularities in the height range 50–100 km are recorded. By utilizing two frequencies, 2.66 and 6.27 Mc/s, and recording the amplitudes of both the ordinary and extraordinary component waves, information is obtained about electron density and electron collision frequency in this height range under both normal and abnormal conditions. The method of analysis (discussed in detail in this paper) is essentially similar to that developed by Gardner and Pawsey, except that the generalized magnetoionic formulas, which take into account the energy dependence of the collision cross section, are employed. The results being obtained are believed to be more accurate in detail than those obtained by other ground-based techniques.
Unconventional Route to Hairy Plasmonic/Semiconductor Core/Shell Nanoparticles with Precisely Controlled Dimensions and Their Use in Solar Energy Conversion (2015)

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 4-vinylpyridine, t-butyl acrylate, and styrene in sequential order from a β-cyclodextrin core yielded an amphiphilic star-like triblock copolymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(t-butyl acrylate)-block-polystyrene (P4VP-b-PtBA-b-PS). Subsequently, star-like triblock copolymer composed of inner hydrophilic P4VP blocks, central hydrophobic PtBA blocks, and outer hydrophobic PS blocks with well-defined molecular architecture and molecular weight of each block was judiciously exploited as nanoreactor for synthesis of precisely shaped hairy plasmonic/semiconductor Au/TiO2 core/shell nanoparticles. The resulting Au/TiO2 nanoparticles were intimately and permanently tethered with outer PS chains that enabled the superior solubility of nanoparticles in nonpolar solvents. The PS chains on the surface of these bifunctional nanoparticles were carbonized by annealing in an inert atmosphere (i.e., yielding carbon-coated Au/TiO2 nanoparticles). In comparison to a widely used TiO2 network film (i.e., P25)-based device, dye-sensitized solar cells assembled by incorporating a thin layer of carbonized Au/TiO2 nanoparticles on the top of P25 film as photoanode exhibited largely improved short-circuit current density, JSC (18.4% increase), and power conversion efficiency, PCE (13.6% increase), respectively. Such improvements were attributed to the surface plasmon-enabled light harvesting enhancement of Au core and fast electron transport promoted by the carbon layer coating on Au/TiO2 nanoparticles, as revealed by external quantum efficiency (EQE), UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, respectively.
GloVE: a distributed environment for low cost scalable VoD systems (2003)

In this paper we introduce a scalable Video-on-Demand (VoD) system called GloVE (Global Video Environment) in which active clients cooperate to create a shareable video cache that is used as the primary source of video content for subsequent client requests. In this way, GloVE server's bandwidth does not limit the number of simultaneous clients that can watch a video since once its content is in the cooperative video cache (CVC) it can be directly transmitted from the cache rather than the VoD server Also, GloVE follows the peer-to-peer approach, allowing the use of low-cost PCs as video servers. In addition, GloVE supports video servers without multicast capability and videos in any stored format. We analyze preliminary performance results of GloVE implemented in a PC server using a Fast Ethernet interconnect and small video buffers at the clients. Our results confirm that while the GloVE-based server uses only a single video channel to deliver a highly popular video simultaneously to N clients, conventional VoD servers require as much as N times more channels.
Nurse Practitioner and Pharmacist Interactions: Implications for Effectiveness of Interdisciplinary Health Care Teams (2012)

The Institute of Medicine report, “The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health,” makes specific recommendations for removing barriers to advanced practice nursing scope of practice. The report also makes important recommendations concerning interdisciplinary teamwork. This article examines the challenges on the professional working relationship between nurse practitioners and pharmacists and provides some insight into the difficulties faced as health care practitioners attempt to work toward the goal of collaborative efforts to advance the care of our patients.
Homochiral Columns Constructed by Chiral Self-Sorting During Supramolecular Helical Organization of Hat-Shaped Molecules (2014)

A library of dendronized cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) crowns substituted with chiral, racemic, or achiral peripheral alkyl chains, including enantiopure R and S branched alkyls, "racemic by mixture", "racemic by synthesis", n-octyl, and n-dodecyl groups was synthesized. In solvophobic solvents and in bulk they self-assemble in helical columns. Their solution and bulk shape-persistent supramolecular structures were determined by a complementary combination of circular dichroism (CD) and UV in solution and thin film, microspot CD in thin film, differential scanning calorimetry combined with fiber X-ray diffraction, computer simulation, and molecular models. In solution, self-assembly via a cooperative mechanism generates single-handed columns from enantiopure CTVs and mixtures of right- and left-handed columns from racemic by mixture, racemic by synthesis, other combinations of R and S, and even from achiral compounds. In bulk state all supramolecular columns form a 3D hexagonal crystalline phase, Φ(h)(k) (P6₃ symmetry), that can be obtained only from single-handed columns and a columnar hexagonal 2D liquid crystal, Φ(h). The highest order Φ(h)(k) consists of enantiopure single-handed columns that are slightly distorted 12-fold triple helices. The "hat-shaped" dendronized CTV assembles in bent-branch pine-tree columns that allow interdigitation of alkyl groups in adjacent columns regardless of their direction. Enantiomerically rich, racemic, and achiral compositions undergo deracemization in the crystal state by transfer of the transient disc-like conformer of dendronized CTV from column to column during crown inversion. Solid state NMR experiments identified motional processes that allow such transfer. This unprecedented supramolecular chiral self-sorting will impact the creation of functions in complex systems.
In Situ Recycling of Chiral Ligand and Surplus Nucleophile for a Noncatalytic Reaction:  Amplification of Process Throughput in the Asymmetric Addition Step of Efavirenz (DMP 266) (2003)

The synthesis of efavirenz (DMP 266) involves a highly enantioselective asymmetric reaction of ketone 2a with lithium cyclopropylacetylide 3a in the presence of (1R,2S)-pyrrolidinylnorephedrine (PNE) 4b as the chiral mediator to produce 6b, a key advance intermediate bearing a tetrasubstituted chiral carbon. The major drawback of this reaction is that it requires at least 2 mol of cyclopropylacetylene (CPA) 3b, 2 mol of the chiral mediator 4b, and 4 mol of an n-alkyllithium base to generate a 1 mol of addition product 6b. In a program to improve the cost-effectiveness of the process, we have studied this asymmetric addition reaction to reduce the stoichiometry of the chiral moderator and CPA nucleophile. The initial experimental designs to improve the stoichiometry were based on the assumption that the second equivalent of lithium cyclopropylacetylide simply acted as a base to deprotonate the N−H of ketones 2a or 2b, leaving 1 equiv of unlithiated and presumably unreactive CPA. It was reasoned that if we lithiate this CPA in the postreaction mixture, it would complex with the already lithiated ligand in the reaction which could then be used to convert additional 2a or 2b into product thus improving the stoichiometry. After some trial experiments, a dramatic decrease in stoichiometry was achieved and it was found that by simply adding one more equivalent of an n-alkyllithium to the system after the first reaction cycle, it was possible to obtain at least a 14% throughput increase with just a 5% dilution of the reaction volume in this simple and more cost-efficient process. The chiral addition reactions could be run with multiple cycles in the same pot with the sequential addition of n-alkyllithium 5, CPA 3b, and ketone 2a. However, after four cycles, there was some decrease in the enantioselectivities (90.8%) that ultimately places a practical limit on the number of recycles possible. The process throughput increase can be explained in the light of a recent mechanistic investigation by Collum and co-workers. We postulate that the introduction of an n-alkyllithium to the reaction mixture after the completion of the first cycle regenerates the reactive cubic tetrameric aggregate 8 by structural reorganization of the product-incorporated inactive aggregate 9.
Influence of Fat, Moisture and Salt on Functional Properties of Mozzarella Cheese (1998)

Based on our studies, the most important parameter controlling melting of mozzarella cheese is the status of the protein matrix. Fat is important in allowing moisture to be retained in cheese and also has a protective and lubricating effect as the cheese is heated, but it should be looked upon as a secondary factor because if the pH, moisture, calcium and salt content of the cheese is appropriate, then even a fat-free cheese can be manufactured so as to have extensive melting properties. During the pasta filata stage of manufacturing mozzarella cheese, the proteins are aligned into fibres separated by channels containing close-packed fat globules, bacterial cells and whey serum. During storage of the cheese, the serum in these channels is absorbed as a function of increased hydration of the proteins in the surrounding matrix. Then, as the proteins become more hydrated (and correspondingly less aggregated), the meltablity of the cheese increases. This increased interaction of the caseins is enhanced by the addition of NaCI to the cheese and reducing cheese calcium content.
Investigation of nitric oxide and Ar annealed SiO2/SiC interfaces by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1999)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)/silicon carbide (SiC) structures annealed in nitric oxide (NO) and argon gas ambiences were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS depth profile analysis shows a nitrogen pileup of 1.6 at. % close to the NO annealed SiO2/SiC interface. The results of Si 2p, C 1s, O 1s, and N 1s core-level spectra are presented in detail to demonstrate significant differences between NO and Ar annealed samples. A SiO2/SiC interface with complex intermediate oxide/carbon states is found in the case of the Ar annealed sample, while the NO annealed SiO2/SiC interface is free of these compounds. The Si 2p spectrum of the Ar annealed sample is much broader than that of the NO annealed sample and can be fitted with three peaks compared with the two peaks in the NO annealed sample, indicating a more complex interface in the Ar annealed sample. Also the O 1s spectrum of the NO annealed samples is narrow and symmetrical and can be fitted with only one peak whereas that of the Ar annealed sample is broad and asymmetrical and is fitted with two peaks. It is evident that the Ar annealed sample contains some structural defects at the interface, which have been removed from the interface by NO annealing as shown by O 1s spectra. The C 1s spectra at the interface reveal the subtle difference between NO and Ar annealed samples. An additional peak representing the interface oxide/carbon species is observed in the Ar annealed sample. At the interface, the N 1s spectrum is symmetrical and can be fitted with one peak, representing the strong Si≡N bond. However, the N 1s and C 1s XPS spectra acquired in the bulk of the dielectric showed not only the Si≡N bond but also a trace amount of the N–C bond.
MakerWear (2017)

Wearable construction toolkits have shown promise in broadening participation in computing and empowering users to create personally meaningful computational designs. However, these kits present a high barrier of entry for some users, particularly young children (K-6). In this paper, we introduce MakerWear, a new wearable construction kit for children that uses a tangible, modular approach to wearable creation. We describe our participatory design process, the iterative development of MakerWear, and results from single- and multi-session workshops with 32 children (ages 5-12; M=8.3 years). Our findings reveal how children engage in wearable design, what they make (and want to make), and what challenges they face. As a secondary analysis, we also explore age-related differences.
The aspartate aminotransferase gene family of <i>Arabidopsis</i> encodes isoenzymes localized to three distinct subcellular compartments (1995)

Here, a complete study is described of all the genes and isoenzymes for aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) present in Arabidopsis thaliana. Four classes of cDNAs representing four distinct AspAT genes (ASP1-ASP4) have been cloned from Arabidopsis. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs suggests that the encoded proteins are targeted to different subcellular compartments. ASP1 encodes a mitochondrial form of AspAT, ASP3 encodes a chloroplastic/plastidic form of AspAT, whereas ASP2 and ASP4 each encode cytosolic forms of AspAT. Three distinct AspAT holoenzymes (AAT1-AAT3) were resolved by activity gel analysis. Organelle isolation reveals that AAT1 is mitochondrial-localized, AAT3 is plastid-localized, and AAT2 is cytosolic. Gene-specific Northern analysis reveals that each Asp mRNA accumulates differentially with respect to organ-type. However, the individual Asp mRNAs show no dramatic fluctuations in response to environmental stimuli such as light. Southern analysis reveals that four distinct nuclear genes probably represent the entire AspAT gene family in Arabidopsis. These molecular studies shed light on the subcellular synthesis of aspartate in Arabidopsis and suggest that some of the AspAT isoenzymes may play overlapping roles in plant nitrogen metabolism.
Synthese eines β‐Mannosyl‐Chitobiosyl‐Asparagin‐Konjugates—eines zentralen Elements der Core‐Region von <i>N</i>‐Glycoproteinen (1990)

Die korrekte β‐glycosidische Verknüpfung zwischen Mannose‐ und Chitobiosyl‐Asparagin‐Einheit in N ‐Glycoproteinen gelang synthetisch erstmals beim Aufbau von 1 . Entscheidend ist die intramolekulare nucleophile Substitution in 2 ; das Produkt dieser Reaktion wurde über ein Trisaccharid und ein Trisaccharidisothiocyanat in das Asparagin‐Derivat 1 umgewandelt. magnified image