gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Adaptive Global Digital Image Correlation (2018)

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a powerful experimental technique to compute full-field displacements and strains. The basic idea of the method is to compare images of an object decorated with a speckle pattern before and after deformation, and thereby to compute displacements and strains. Since DIC is a non-contact method that gives the whole field deformation, it is widely used to measure complex deformation patterns. Finite element (FE)-based Global DIC with regularization is one of the commonly used algorithms and it can be combined with finite element numerical simulations at the same time (Besnard et al., J Strain Anal Eng Design 47(4):214–228, 2012). However, Global DIC algorithm is usually computationally expensive and converges slowly. Further, it is difficult to directly apply an adaptive finite element mesh to Global DIC because the stiffness matrix and the external force vector have to be rebuilt every time the mesh is changed. In this paper, we report a new Global DIC algorithm that uses adaptive mesh. It builds on our recent work on the augmented Lagrangian digital image correlation (ALDIC) (Yang and Bhattacharya, Exp Mech, submitted). We consider the global compatibility condition as a constraint and formulate it using an augmented Lagrangian (AL) method. We solve the resulting problem using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) (Boyd et al., Mach Learn 3(1):1–122, 2010) where we separate the problem into two subproblems. The first subproblem is computed fast, locally and in parallel, and the second subproblem is computed globally without image grayscale value terms where nine point Gaussian quadrature works very well. Compared with current Global DIC algorithm, this new adaptive Global DIC algorithm decreases computation time significantly with no loss (and some gain) in accuracy.
Benzo[<i>d</i>][1,2,3]thiadiazole (isoBT): Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Implementation in Semiconducting Polymers (2016)

Benzo[d][2,1,3]thiadiazole (BT) is a markedly electron-deficient heterocycle widely employed in the realization of organic semiconductors for applications spanning transistors, solar cells, photodetectors, and thermoelectrics. In this contribution, we implement the corresponding isomer, benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole (isoBT), along with new 6-fluoro-isoBT and 5,6-difluoro-isoBT units as synthons for constructing alternating copolymers with tetrathiophene (P1–P3). New isoBT-based small molecules as well as the corresponding BT-quaterthiophene based polymers (P4–P6) are synthesized and characterized to probe architectural, electronic structural, and device performance differences between the two families. The results demonstrate that isoBT complements BT in enabling high-performance optoelectronic semiconductors with P3 exhibiting hole mobilities surpassing 0.7 cm2/(V s) in field-effect transistors and power conversion efficiencies of 9% in bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization of high‐mass molecules by Fourier‐transform mass spectrometry (1992)

Following the first demonstrations of high-mass analysis using time-of-flight matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) techniques by Hillenkamp, Tanaka and their co-workers, there have been significant efforts in a number of laboratories to adapt the new methodology to Fourier-transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). The motivation for this research is obvious. Namely, it would be desirable to couple the unparalleled high mass resolution of FTMS with the extended mass range provided by MALDI, particularly for analysis of polymers and biomolecules. Unfortunately, prior to the present work, attempts to mate FTMS and MALDI have met with limited success. The highest mass matrix-assisted laser-desorption-FTMS result previously obtained appears to be the unpublished low resolution spectrum of bovine insulin recently reported by Russell and co-workers. We, Campana and co-workers, and Hettich and Buchanan have had some success with MALDI-FTMS of biomolecules with masses lower than 3000 Da, including melittin, a variety of lower mass peptides, and oligonucleotides with masses lower than 1800 Da. Furthermore, with the single exception of Campana's report of obtaining mass resolution of 5000 for the molecular ion of melittin, such spectra have not displayed high resolution. Here, we report successful development of MALDI-FTMS, demonstrated with spectra obtained from a variety of high-mass polymer and biomolecule samples, using 355 nm radiation from an excimer-pumped dye laser for desorption/ionization and sinapinic acid as matrix. Some of these spectra are of much higher mass resolution than is possible with current time-of flight mass spectrometers.
Epigenetic Segregation of Microbial Genomes from Complex Samples Using Restriction Endonucleases HpaII and McrB (2016)

We describe continuing work to develop restriction endonucleases as tools to enrich targeted genomes of interest from diverse populations. Two approaches were developed in parallel to segregate genomic DNA based on cytosine methylation. First, the methyl-sensitive endonuclease HpaII was used to bind non-CG methylated DNA. Second, a truncated fragment of McrB was used to bind CpG methylated DNA. Enrichment levels of microbial genomes can exceed 100-fold with HpaII allowing improved genomic detection and coverage of otherwise trace microbial genomes from sputum. Additionally, we observe interesting enrichment results that correlate with the methylation states not only of bacteria, but of fungi, viruses, a protist and plants. The methods presented here offer promise for testing biological samples for pathogens and global analysis of population methylomes.
3 : 6-Disubstituted fluorenes. Part II. The preparation of 3 : 6-diaminofluorene from fluorene, and the attempted internuclear cyclisation of derivatives of 4 : 4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (1954)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
A comparison of InVivoStat with other statistical software packages for analysis of data generated from animal experiments (2011)

InVivoStat is a free-to-use statistical software package for analysis of data generated from animal experiments. The package is designed specifically for researchers in the behavioural sciences, where exploiting the experimental design is crucial for reliable statistical analyses. This paper compares the analysis of three experiments conducted using InVivoStat with other widely used statistical packages: SPSS (V19), PRISM (V5), UniStat (V5.6) and Statistica (V9). We show that InVivoStat provides results that are similar to those from the other packages and, in some cases, are more advanced. This investigation provides evidence of further validation of InVivoStat and should strengthen users' confidence in this new software package.
Structural aspects of the System/360 Model 85, I: General organization (1968)

The Model 85 is a high-performance system that will execute programs that run on smaller SYSTEM/360 computers. Its basic design includes monolithic circuits, very wide data paths, an 80-nanosecond internal buffer of at least 16K bytes, and a high-speed multiply feature. The system is designed for high throughput over a full range of applications. Among the features that bolster throughput, in addition to the high internal performance, are an exceptionally large main storage, instruction retry, error correction in main storage, and improved diagnostic and maintenance facilities.
Synthesis and phase transition behavior of w-doped VO2(A) nanorods (2010)

In this paper, pure and w-doped VO2(A) nanorods were synthesized via the reduction of V2O5 with oxalic acid through hydrothermal treatment and characterized by XRD, SEM and DSC. The study about the influence of w-doping on its phase transition and stability properties was carried out for the first time on the best of our knowledge. The doping of tungsten decreased the phase transition temperature of VO2(A) just as it does in the case of rutile VO2(R). The doping limitation of tungsten for pure VO2(A) was estimated to be about 0.5–0.75 at. %, whereas over doping of tungsten led to the destabilization of VO2(A) phase. Based on the experimental results, the solution reaction process should be such that VO2(B) was first formed at lower temperature or shorter time, and then transformed to VO2(A) or VO2(R) during hydrothermal treatment. Furthermore, inhomogeneous doping of tungsten in VO2 during the crystallization from the solution was revealed by DSC measurements.
MAP selection-diversity DFE for indoor wireless data communications (1998)

Indoor high-speed wireless data networks encounter signal fading and delay-spread multipath propagation. Hence, the realization of low error rate transmission requires measures to combat the performance degradation due to both signal fading and intersymbol interference (ISI). Receiver diversity has been known to be an efficient way of coping with the former problem, while adaptive equalization could be used to mitigate the effects of the latter. Incorporation of receiver diversity with adaptive equalization is therefore desirable. We propose a novel selection-diversity approach with an adaptive decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). In this method, selection is done on a symbol-by-symbol basis such that the output of the branch with the lowest estimated a posteriori probability of error is used as the final decision. This final (and hence more reliable) decision is used to adapt the DFE for all diversity branches. It is shown in this paper that the proposed selection rule is optimal for selection-diversity in the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) sense. A very simple selection metric can be derived from this selection rule and practical ways of computing the selection metric are also presented. Simulation results show that the proposed method is very efficient. It is capable of achieving almost the same performance as an optimal [least squares (LS)], but computationally intensive, combining diversity approach. Furthermore, at an average bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -4/, a gain of approximately 1.25 dB can be achieved over a previously proposed selection-diversity equalization approach.
Interaction of fibrinogen with murine melanoma cells: covalent association with cell membranes and protection against recognition by lymphokine-activated killer cells. (1990)

B16/F10 melanoma cells, in a medium containing fibrinogen, form a coating of fibrin(ogen) on their surfaces. This coating is cross-linked in a manner characteristic of catalysis by cellular transglutaminase. The fibrin(ogen) coating on the surface of these tumor cells provides protection against the lytic effect of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells.
Enhanced responsivity of non-steady-state photoinduced electromotive force sensors using asymmetric interdigitated contacts (1999)

The responsivity at a constant detection area of non-steady-state photoinduced electromotive force (photo-emf) detectors is improved by a factor equal to the number of contact pairs contained in asymmetric interdigitated surface contacts. The polar nature of photo-emf current generation requires contact asymmetry in which one increases the total signal by blocking the illumination between alternate contact pairs, in distinct contrast to the behavior of conventional interdigitated contacts fabricated upon isotropic photoconductors.
A Novel Fast Layout Encoding Method for Exact Multilayer Pattern Matching With Prüfer Encoding (2014)

As design-for-manufacturability techniques have become widely used to improve the yield of nano-scale semiconductor technology in recent years, hotspot detection methods have been investigated with a view to calibrating layout patterns that tend to reduce yield. In this paper, we propose two graph models, i.e., skeleton graph and space graph, to formulate polygon topology and spatial relationship among polygons. In addition, a Prüfer encoding-based method is presented to encode each skeleton graph. Single polygon matching problem is then equivalent to the verification of graph isomorphism, which is realized by checking the identity of two enhanced Prüfer codes associated with two skeleton graphs. A branch and bound-based pattern anchoring algorithm is presented to resolve the vertex ordering problem for isomorphism checking. The general exact pattern matching problem can then be accomplished by adopting the space graph to identify the similarity of spatial relationship among polygons. Vias are one of the most device components that attract much attention in monitoring manufacturing variation due to via alignment issue, but hotspot detection rarely takes vias into consideration. Multilayer hotspot detection can also be realized by extending the skeleton graph to maintain the relations between adjacent layers through vias. Experimental results show that we can achieve 5.6 × runtime speedup than design-rule-based methodology in average for single layer hotspot detection while the runtime for multilayer hotspot is roughly equal to the summation of that for individual single layer hotspot detection.
CREB-binding protein and p300: molecular integrators of hematopoietic transcription (2000)

Differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells into mature circulating blood cells is coordinated by a complex series of transcriptional events. During the last decade, numerous transcription factors have been identified whose expression is highly lineage-restricted within the hematopoietic
A new CMOS structure for low temperature operation with forward substrate bias (2003)

A CMOS structure with a local well contact that allows the application of forward substrate bias for both p- and n-well with a single substrate supply is described. Higher driving capability and smaller short channel effects can be realized without device area increase. A propagation delay of 95 ps/stage at V/sub dd/=1.5 V and a temperature of 77 K was obtained with a 0.4- mu m gate length, which is about 1.5 times faster than that of the conventional CMOS structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
microRNA-206 promotes skeletal muscle regeneration and delays progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice (2012)

Skeletal muscle injury activates adult myogenic stem cells, known as satellite cells, to initiate proliferation and differentiation to regenerate new muscle fibers. The skeletal muscle-specific microRNA miR-206 is upregulated in satellite cells following muscle injury, but its role in muscle regeneration has not been defined. Here, we show that miR-206 promotes skeletal muscle regeneration in response to injury. Genetic deletion of miR-206 in mice substantially delayed regeneration induced by cardiotoxin injury. Furthermore, loss of miR-206 accelerated and exacerbated the dystrophic phenotype in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We found that miR-206 acts to promote satellite cell differentiation and fusion into muscle fibers through suppressing a collection of negative regulators of myogenesis. Our findings reveal an essential role for miR-206 in satellite cell differentiation during skeletal muscle regeneration and indicate that miR-206 slows progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Leukemic distribution of a human acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line (Ichikawa strain) in nude mice conditioned with whole-body irradiation. (1978)

Police Commissioner Roosevelt writes to his sister about his concern for her and their sister, Anna Roosevelt. He advises that Anna and William S. Cowles should consult lawyers regarding their upcoming marriage and strongly urges Corinne Roosevelt Robinson to take care of her health. Roosevelt also mentions his work environment and colleagues.
Characterization of Canadian Heavy Oils Using Sequential Extraction Approach (2009)

A newly developed characterization protocol was performed in this study on two Canadian heavy oils, Athabasca and Morgan. This protocol focused on the sequential extraction of asphaltene subfractions based on a change of polarity of a binary system, a solvent and a titrant. The selected solvent was tetrahydrofuran, and the titrant was n-hexane boiling at almost the same temperature. The resulting asphaltenes subfractions were separated by a decreasing polarity. This new protocol allowed collection of each asphaltene subfraction in addition to the determination of the asphaltene subfraction that is more responsible for high viscosity. All subfractions originating from both oils were analyzed using different analytical techniques. Trends in polarity and metal contents were observed. The high field NMR allowed detection of differences between the fractions and determination of the fractions characteristics responsible for high viscosity. The maltenes were further fractionated into saturate, aromatic, and resin fractions.
Looking ahead with vertical seismic profiles (1994)

Abstract Several operations enhance our ability to predict the subsurface below the bottom total depth (TD) of the well when applied to zero-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data. Other key issues regarding the use of VSP data in this fashion are resolution and look-ahead distance. An impedance log is the most useful form for presenting VSP data to look ahead of the drill bit. The VSP composite trace must first tie reliably to the surface seismic section and to the well log synthetic seismogram. The impedance log is obtained by inverting this VSP composite trace. However, before performing the inversion, we need to (1) correct the composite trace for attenuation effects below TD and (2) input velocities to provide low-frequency information. An exponential gain function applied to the VSP data below TD adequately compensates for the loss of amplitude caused by attenuation. A calibration of the seismically derived velocities with VSP velocities yields the necessary low-frequency information. These concepts are illustrated using a field data set and its subset truncated above TD. The output of these operations on the VSP data are compared to well log data.The question of resolution with these data was determined with a model VSP data set based on the well log data. The investigations indicate that the resolution attainable from look-ahead data is on the order of 50-75 ft (15-23 m). This is one-quarter seismic wavelength for the frequencies present in these data. In addition, the maximum look-ahead distance for these data is shown to be easily 2000 ft (600 m) and, perhaps, 4000 ft (1200 m).By way of illustration, the techniques described and investigated were applied to an offshore VSP data set to yield an impedance log. After calibrating this curve with the well log data, the base of the target sand was correctly identified below TD. This prediction successfully yielded the thickness of the sand. Individual zones within the sand unit were identified with less confidence.
Virus-stimulated neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment enhance T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity (2016)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) fosters tumors by attenuating anti-tumor immunity, reinforcing tumor cell survival and increasing angiogenesis. Among the constituents of the TME, here, we focused on tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). First, we found that the combination of poly I:C and inactivated Sendai virus particles (hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope; HVJ-E) synergistically suppressed tumor growth in the B16-F10 melanoma mouse model. In this model, poly I:C contributed to the recruitment of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils to the TME, and co-injection of poly I:C and HVJ-E increased CD11b+Ly6G+FAS+ TAN in the TME. Depletion of neutrophils abolished the synergistic anti-tumor effect of HVJ-E and poly I:C in B16-F10 tumors. We revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) is produced in the TME by poly I:C, but HVJ-E enhanced neutrophil infiltration of the TME does not occur. An anti-CXCL2 antibody inhibited the tumor suppression by HVJ-E+poly I:C. HVJ-E in combination with recombinant CXCL2 protein or CXCL2 pDNA suppressed mouse melanoma by increasing cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against B16-F10 melanoma, which was abolished by an anti-Ly6G antibody. HVJ-E directly and indirectly increased FAS and ICAM-1 expression in cultured bone marrow-derived naïve neutrophils. Thus, HVJ-E activates anti-tumor immunity via anti-tumorigenic neutrophils in the TME. An HVJ-E vector containing the CXCL2 gene may be applicable as a novel cancer gene therapy strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: A STUDY OF THE HEAD ADDITION OF BENZOYLOXYL RADICALS TO VINYL ACETATE (1985)

Abstract Die durch den thermischen Zerfall von Dibenzoylperoxid erzeugten Benzoyloxyl‐Radika e bilden mit Vinylacetat neben den Schwanz‐ auch Kopfaddukte, die durch 2‐Methyl‐2‐nitrosopropan oder ‐ besser noch ‐ durch das Nitrosobenzol (II) abgefangen werden können.
The Determinants of International News Flow (1996)

This research examines the structure of international news flow and its determinants, using network analysis. International newspaper and periodicals trade data in Commodity Trade Statistics published by the United Nations are used to describe the international news flow network. NEGOPY reveals the inequality of international news flow between the core and the periphery. The Western industrialized countries are at the center, dominating international news flow. Cluster analysis reveals that the international news flow network is also structured into eight geographical-linguistic groups. In sum, the periphery is not only dominated by the unequal vertical news exchange between it and the core, but also marginalized by the news exchange among the core. Regression analysis indicates that the structure of international news flow is influenced by a country's economic development, the language(s) its people speak, its physical location, political freedom, and population. Among them, economic development is the most important factor.
Knowledge Management within the UK Oil Industry: A case study on Knowledge Management implementation within OILEX Ltd (2000)

A study was carried out at OILEX from September to November 1999 which examined the extent to which the organisation was capturing and sharing its knowledge and experience. Evidence suggested that OILEX was capturing its experience, but sharing of this experience is limited. There was a need to recognise at top level that transforming “individual experience” into “corporate knowledge” is critical to the long‐term competitiveness of the organisation. This paper outlines approaches to knowledge capture and sharing within OILEX at present, and discusses the recommendations that were made in ways of levering the organisation's competitiveness for the future. External factors such as general trends in the industry, falling recruitment, an ageing workforce and use of contract workers have all made an impact on sustaining knowledge and experience within OILEX. Internal factors such as working culture, the specific demands of project work and the organisational structure are also cited. In a competitive environment, maximising all of the company's assets is crucial. This paper suggests ways in which OILEX can benefit from individual experience through its transformation into group learning, and discusses the implications for the company in adopting a programme of capturing and sharing learning. It goes on to highlight the ways in which more effective Knowledge Management impacts directly on savings in staff time, avoids duplication of work already carried out and allows the whole organisation to learn from previous mistakes. Ultimately, such learning leads to greater efficiency and productivity. Different teams within the organisation are able to draw on the learning of others to respond more quickly to problems. They can then transfer their learning back into the knowledge pool, thereby contributing to a constantly evolving “memory bank” of experience.