gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Touchless circular menus (2014)

Researchers are exploring touchless interactions in diverse usage contexts. These include interacting with public displays, where mouse and keyboards are inconvenient, activating kitchen devices without touching them with dirty hands, or supporting surgeons in browsing medical images in a sterile operating room. Unlike traditional visual interfaces, however, touchless systems still lack a standardized user interface language for basic command selection (e.g., menus). Prior research proposed touchless menus that require users to comply strictly with system-defined postures (e.g., grab, finger-count, pinch). These approaches are problematic because they are analogous to command-line interfaces: users need to remember an interaction vocabulary and input a pre-defined symbol (via gesture or command). To overcome this problem, we introduce and evaluate Touchless Circular Menus (TCM)---a touchless menu system optimized for large displays, which enables users to make simple directional movements for selecting commands. TCM utilize our abilities to make mid-air directional strokes, relieve users from learning posture-based commands, and shift the interaction complexity from users' input to the visual interface. In a controlled study (N=15), when compared with contextual linear menus using grab gestures, participants using TCM were more than two times faster in selecting commands and perceived lower workload. However, users made more command-selection errors with TCM than with linear menus. The menu's triggering location on the visual interface significantly affected the effectiveness and efficiency of TCM. Our contribution informs the design of intuitive UIs for touchless interactions with large displays.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Binuclear Oxoferrate(II): “Cs2K4(O2FeOFeO2)”. (1989)

Abstract Red single crystals of the title compound are obtained by solid state reaction of Cs 2 O, K 2 O, and CsFeO 2 in a closed Fe‐cylinder (wall‐reaction, 470 °C, 74 d).
JPEG2000-based scalable reconstruction of image local regions (2002)

JPEG2000-based scalable reconstruction of image local regions is a method making use of the property of wavelet-transform. First, we compress and encode the image with the basic algorithm of JPEG2000. Then we arrange the compressed data stream according to the zero-tree structure. Each zero-tree is corresponding to a mesh field of original image. Contents in this mesh can be reconstructed with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients in the zero-tree. We preview the lowest resolution sub-image (LL sub-image) before searching. As the object is found, we focus on it and reconstruct contents in the aim mesh level by level in both spatial revolution and Signal-to-Noise (SNR). We only use part of the compressed data stream to reconstruct image local regions. It can save much calculation resource. In the end of this paper, an experimental case of JPEG2000-based scalable reconstruction of image local regions is given.
Derivatives of anthranilic acid (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of anthranilic acidBenjamin. Blank, Suzanne R. Cohen, and David W. SpiggleCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1968, 13, 4, 577–579Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60039a046https://doi.org/10.1021/je60039a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Query reformulation using materialized views in data warehouse environment (1998)

Materialized views offer opportunities for significant performance gain in query evaluation by providing fast access to pi-e-computed data. The question of when and how to use a materialized view in processing a given query is a difficult one attracting a significant amount of research. In previous works, only materialized views whose relations are contained in those of a query have been used and, as a result, certain potentially useful materialized views were excluded from consideration. Proposed in this paper are new ways of utilizing materialized views in answering a query with aggregation operations; Views including relations not referred to in the given query are utilized. We identify the conditions where a materialized view can be used in reformulating a query. Also presented are algorithms to find the most efficient reformulated query. The proposed conditions and corresponding algorithms provide significant and practical performance improvements to the data warehousing environment.
Life Cycle Analysis with Structured Uncertainty for the Synthesis of Process Flowsheets (2002)

No abstract prepared.
Overexpression of the Na+,K+-ATPase α1 Subunit Increases Na+,K+-ATPase Function in A549 Cells (1998)

We hypothesized that viral mediated transfer of Na+,K+-ATPase subunit genes to alveolar epithelial cells to overexpress Na+, K+-ATPase could increase Na+,K+-ATPase function. We produced replication-deficient human type 5 adenoviruses that contained cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven cDNAs for the rat alpha1 and beta1 subunits of Na+,K+-ATPase (AdMRCMValpha1 and AdMRCMVbeta1, respectively). These viruses were used to transduce human adenocarcinoma cells (A549) in culture. Na+,K+-ATPase function was increased by 2.5-fold in the AdMRCMValpha1-infected cells. Sham and AdMRCMVbeta1-infected cells, and cells infected by a CMV-driven beta-galactosidase-expressing adenovirus, had no increases in Na+, K+-ATPase activity. A549 cells infected with multiplicities of infection of 10-200 of AdMRCMValpha1 demonstrated expression of a rat alpha1 mRNA and increased alpha1 protein; no change in beta1 message or protein was noted. Ouabain sensitivity was measured in A549 cells following infection with AdMRCMValpha1. In contrast to controls, AdMRCMValpha1-infected cells demonstrated two IC50s. The first was similar to the IC50s of the controls; the second IC50 was 2 logs greater than the first, consistent with the presence of both the rat and human alpha1 isozymes. These results demonstrate for the first time that adenoviruses can be used to augment Na+,K+-ATPase function.
Robust Forwarding for Reactive Routing Protocols in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Unreliable Links (2011)

Wireless ad hoc networks can experience significant performance degradation under fading channels. In this work, we present a robust forwarding extension (RFE) for reactive routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks. RFE is designed to enhance existing reactive routing protocols to provide reliable and energy-efficient packet delivery against the unreliable wireless links. Specifically, we introduce a biased backoff scheme during the route discovery phase to find a robust virtual path, which can provide more cooperative forwarding opportunities. Along this virtual path, data packets are greedily progressed toward the destination through nodes cooperation. We extend the widely used AODV routing protocol with RFE to study its performance. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that AODV-RFE effectively improves the reliability, end-to-end energy efficiency and latency.
Structural heterogeneity in the megathrust zone and mechanism of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0) (2011)

[1] The great 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0) and its 339 foreshocks and 5,609 aftershocks (9–27 March 2011) were relocated using a three-dimensional seismic velocity model and local P and S wave arrival times. The distribution of relocated hypocenters was compared with a tomographic image of the Northeast Japan forearc. The comparison indicates that the rupture nucleation of the largest events in the Tohoku-oki sequence, including the mainshock, was controlled by structural heterogeneities in the megathrust zone.
The value of a kurtosis metric in estimating the hazard to hearing of complex industrial noise exposures (2013)

A series of Gaussian and non-Gaussian equal energy noise exposures were designed with the objective of establishing the extent to which the kurtosis statistic could be used to grade the severity of noise trauma produced by the exposures. Here, 225 chinchillas distributed in 29 groups, with 6 to 8 animals per group, were exposed at 97 dB SPL. The equal energy exposures were presented either continuously for 5 d or on an interrupted schedule for 19 d. The non-Gaussian noises all differed in the level of the kurtosis statistic or in the temporal structure of the noise, where the latter was defined by different peak, interval, and duration histograms of the impact noise transients embedded in the noise signal. Noise-induced trauma was estimated from auditory evoked potential hearing thresholds and surface preparation histology that quantified sensory cell loss. Results indicated that the equal energy hypothesis is a valid unifying principle for estimating the consequences of an exposure if and only if the equivalent energy exposures had the same kurtosis. Furthermore, for the same level of kurtosis the detailed temporal structure of an exposure does not have a strong effect on trauma.
“Johnson Forever!” Revisiting a Hero of the Seven Years War (2002)

William Johnson moved to New York from his ancestral homeland Ireland in 1738 and soon became one of the most influential and prosperous colonists of his time. As a trader, land developer, speculator and government official, he co-operated extensively with the tribes of the Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy. Considered a fair and honest man by these people, Johnson developed close personal and economic relationships with many of them, especially within the Mohawk tribes. So when the British and French clashed between 1744 and 1748 (King Georgeâs War), the New York colonial government turned to Johnson.
Atomic scale investigation of silicon nanowires and nanoclusters (2011)

In this study, we have performed nanoscale characterization of Si-clusters and Si-nanowires with a laser-assisted tomographic atom probe. Intrinsic and p-type silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are elaborated by chemical vapor deposition method using gold as catalyst, silane as silicon precursor, and diborane as dopant reactant. The concentration and distribution of impurity (gold) and dopant (boron) in SiNW are investigated and discussed. Silicon nanoclusters are produced by thermal annealing of silicon-rich silicon oxide and silica multilayers. In this process, atom probe tomography (APT) provides accurate information on the silicon nanoparticles and the chemistry of the nanolayers.
trans-translation-mediated tight regulation of the expression of the alternative ribosome-rescue factor ArfA in Escherichia coli (2011)

Ribosomes translating mRNA without an in-frame stop codon (non-stop mRNA) stall at its 3' end. In eubacteria, such ribosomes are rescued by SsrA-mediated trans-translation. Recently, we have shown that Escherichia coli ArfA (formerly YhdL) also rescues stalled ribosomes by a mechanism distinct from that of trans-translation. Synthetic lethality phenotype of ssrA arfA double mutants suggests that accumulation of stalled ribosomes is deleterious to E. coli cells. In this report, we show that the expression of ArfA is tightly regulated by the system involving trans-translation. Both premature transcription termination and specific cleavage by RNase III were programmed at the specific sites within the arfA open reading frame (ORF) and produced arfA non-stop mRNA. C-terminally truncated ArfA protein synthesized from arfA non-stop mRNA was tagged through SsrA-mediated trans-translation and degraded in wild type cell. In the absence of SsrA, however, C-terminally truncated ArfA escaped from degradation and had a function to rescue stalled ribosomes. Full-length ArfA produced only when arfA mRNA escapes from both premature transcription termination and RNase III cleavage was unstable. From these results, we illustrate a regulatory model in which ArfA is expressed only when it is needed, namely, when the ribosome rescue activity of trans-translation system is insufficient to support cell viability. This sophisticated regulatory mechanism suggests that the ArfA-mediated ribosome rescue is a backup system for trans-translation.
Experiences in Designing Solvents for the Environment (2002)

Solvents used throughout industry are chosen to meet specific technological requirements such as solute solubility, cleaning and degreasing ability, or utility as a medium for paints and coatings. With the increasing awareness of the human health effects and environmental risks of solvent use, the replacement of current solvents with more benign alternatives has become a necessity. In this paper, we initially outline the elements of a solvent design theory, and on the basis of this theory, we then discuss the PARIS II (Program for Assisting the Replacement of Industrial Solvents) solvent design algorithms and software. The PARIS II software designs technologically effective and environmentally benign substitute solvents. We finally present and discuss several cases of solvent substitutes developed using PARIS II. These cases include substitutes for pure chemicals and mixtures involving components from a wide range of chemical families, including normal hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aromatics, and organic and aqueous mixtures. These case studies show that replacement solvents can be found with consistently lower potential environmental impacts while maintaining similar levels of technical performance.
Development of Stable Pt-Co Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells (2007)

A new procedure was developed to synthesize a platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) alloy catalyst for oxygen reduction using Co/C composite as a support. The Co/C composite was synthesized using a chelation approach and treated in an acidic solution to remove excess of Co. Nano-sized Pt was deposited onto the Co/C support, followed by a heat-treatment to form Pt-Co alloy. The Pt-Co/C catalyst showed improved activity and long-term stability in PEM fuel cells when compared with a conventional Pt-Co/C. Durability studies and electron probe microanalysis indicated that the Co content in the alloy remains stable without poisoning the electrolyte membrane during long-term operation.
Reconstruction of pictures from their projections (1971)

There are situations in the natural sciences and medicine (e.g. in electron microscopy and X-ray photography) in which it is desirable to estimate the gray levels of a digital picture at the individual points from the sums of the gray levels along straight lines (projections) at a few angles. Usually, in such situations, the picture is far from determined and the problem is to find the “most representative” picture. Three algorithms are described (all using Monte Carlo methods) which were designed to solve this problem. The algorithms are applicable in a large and varied number of fields. The most important uses may be the reconstruction of possibly asymmetric particles from electron micrographs and three-dimensional X-ray analysis.
Insulin and Glucagon Responses of Transplanted Intrasplenic Pancreatic Islets (1979)

Two transplant procedures have been investigated in which one third of the pancreas was autotransplanted into the splenic pulp of dogs. The two procedures consist of simple mechanical dissociation of the pancreas or mechanical dissociation followed by collagenase digestion. The ability of the endocrine segment of the transplant to survive and function was assessed by stimulation with arginine and measurement of insulin and glucagon response. The results demonstrate that both transplant procedures result in functioning beta and alpha cells that rapidly secrete both insulin and glucagon in response to arginine stimulation. However, greater insulin responses were obtained when mechanically dissociated but nonenzyme digested pancreatic tissue was used for transplantation. The spleen appears to be an excellent transplant site for the reception of endocrine pancreatic tissue and allowed both beta and alpha cells to survive following transplantation.
Evaluation of Plasmodium berghei for endotoxin by the Limulus lysate assay. (1980)

The presence of endotoxin in the malaria parasite has long been suspected but has not been directly demonstrated by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay or other assays. Tests for endotoxins have been done on plasma of infected individuals but not on the parasites themselves (Glew and Levin, 1975, Proc. Soc. Exp. Bio. Med. 148: 508-510). Recently, Tubbs (1980, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 74: 121-123) detected endotoxin activity in the plasma of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and in patients infected with P. falciparum using the LAL assay, and suggested that the endotoxin was derived from either the parasites or the endogenous bacteria in the gut. By assaying intact plasmodia washed free of contaminating host cells and plasma, it is possible to determine whether the plasmodia are the source of the endotoxin. We obtained free P. berghei using ultrasonic energy and tested the plasmodia for endotoxin activity using the LAL assay. The results obtained are the subject of this report. Groups of mice and rats were infected by the intraperitoneal injection of approximately 106 P. berghei parasites, and later the blood was collected aseptically by cardiac puncture when parasitemia reached 40%. The blood was transferred to pyrogen-free, sterile, heparinized tubes and washed three times in sterile, pyrogen-free 0.9% NaCl. Blood from uninfected mice was treated in an identical manner and served as a control. The blood specimens were then sonicated as previously described (Prior and Kreier, 1972, Exp. Parasitol. 32: 239-243). The continuous-flow chamber and sonicator probe tip were rendered pyrogen-free by heating at 160 C overnight. All equipment and solutions were tested for endotoxin contamination with the LAL test before use. Following sonication the specimens were centrifuged to harvest the plasmodia, and then adjusted to 25% packedcell volume. The specimens were lysed by three cycles of freeze-thawing and assayed quantitatively for the presence of endotoxin using the microdilution LAL assay (Prior and Spagna, 1979, J. Clin. Microbiol. 10: 394395). The minimum sensitivity of the Limulus lysate utilized in the microdilution assay (courtesy of Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, Missouri) was 0.06 ng/ml of LPS using the E. coli reference standard (lot EC-2, Bureau of Biologics, Food and Drug Administration). Aliquots of free parasite and control samples were seeded with known quantities of the E. coli endotoxin and assayed. Because certain heat-labile protein substances may give positive LAL test results, portions of the samples were heated at 100 C for 5 min and then tested for endotoxin activity. Parasites and control samples were also cultured on blood agar aerobically and anaerobically to detect any possible bacterial contamination. The results obtained in four experiments using the LAL assay on the lysed parasite suspensions and controls are shown in Table I. A reaction suggestive of endotoxin was ob-
Influence of Interchain Interactions on the Absorption and Luminescence of Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers:  A Quantum-Chemical Characterization (1998)

Correlated quantum-chemical calculations are used to investigate the influence of interchain interactions on the absorption and emission of π-conjugated chains. The results are discussed in relation to the utilization of conjugated materials as active elements in electro-optic devices; they provide guidelines on how to prevent a substantial decrease in luminescence yield in solid films. In high-symmetry cofacial configurations, interchain interactions lead to a blue shift of the lowest optical transition compared to that calculated for an isolated chain; the appearance of an additional red-shifted component is expected when positional disorder is considered. The absence of any significant oscillator strength in the transition between the ground state and the lowest excited state in highly symmetric complexes implies that the luminescence emission will be strongly quenched. This picture is, however, modified when one takes account of the relaxation processes which occur in the lowest excited state. The nature of the most stable photogenerated species and the role played by chemical impurities are also addressed.
Tumor-promoting phorbol esters and activated Ras inactivate the tuberous sclerosis tumor suppressor complex via p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (2004)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in either of the two tumor suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC2, which encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively. Tuberin and hamartin form a complex that inhibits signaling by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a critical nutrient sensor and regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inactivates the tumor suppressor complex and enhances mTOR signaling by means of phosphorylation of tuberin by Akt. Importantly, cellular transformation mediated by phorbol esters and Ras isoforms that poorly activate PI3K promote tumorigenesis in the absence of Akt activation. In this study, we show that phorbol esters and activated Ras also induce the phosphorylation of tuberin and collaborates with the nutrient-sensing pathway to regulate mTOR effectors, such as p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated kinase, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) 1, was found to interact with and phosphorylate tuberin at a regulatory site, Ser-1798, located at the evolutionarily conserved C terminus of tuberin. RSK1 phosphorylation of Ser-1798 inhibits the tumor suppressor function of the tuberin/hamartin complex, resulting in increased mTOR signaling to S6K1. Together, our data unveil a regulatory mechanism by which the Ras/MAPK and PI3K pathways converge on the tumor suppressor tuberin to inhibit its function.