gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave effects on immobilized peroxidase chemiluminescence (1983)

Protein gels formed by crosslinking bovine serum albumin and horseradish peroxidase with glutaraldehyde were used to measure effects on peroxidase activity of 400-MHz (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.45 W/kg. The enzyme activity was measured by luminol chemiluminescence recorded on photographic film after hydrogen peroxide activation. Activity was measured during RFR exposure of gels or after exposure of gels polymerized in the RFR field. During exposure, a significant (P less than .05) reversible increase occurred in overall mean peroxidase activity of gels activated with 0.88 M H2O2 but not in those activated with 8.8 M H2O2. Gels containing solubilized luminol and formed in the field showed no overall mean increase in peroxidase activity, but did display a highly significant (P less than .001) alteration in the distribution of local activities when compared to unexposed gels. These results are apparently due to changes in the rate of diffusion (concentration equilibration) of hydrogen peroxide in the gel.
Transient stability and critical clearing time classification using neural networks (1993)

The paper presents a novel AI based artificial neural network (ANN) classifier for AC interconnected power system on-line dynamic first swing stability assessment and classification of critical clearing time as either short (below 50 ms) or long from (50 ms-200 ms). The classification is done using a multi-layer logsigmoid activation and back error propagation (BEP) for training and weight adjustment. The detection scheme is based on a discriminant vector of FFT spectra of synchronous generator rotor angle, speed deviations, and accelerating power magnitude and their cross correlations power spectra.
Edge detection depends on achromatic channel in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2012)

Edges represent important information in object recognition, and thus edge detection is crucial for animal survival. Various types of edges result from visual contrast, such as luminance contrast and color contrast. So far, the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying edge detection and the relationship between different edge information-processing pathways have been largely undemonstrated. In the present study, using a color light-emitting-diode-based Buridan's paradigm, we demonstrated that a blue/green demarcation is able to generate edge-orientation behavior in the adult fly. There is a blue/green intensity ratio, the so-called point of equal luminance, at which wild-type flies did not show obvious orientation behavior towards edges. This suggests that orientation behavior towards edges is dependent on luminance contrast in Drosophila. The results of mutants ninaE(17) and sev(LY3);rh5(2);rh6(1) demonstrated that achromatic R1-R6 photoreceptor cells, but not chromatic R7/R8 photoreceptor cells, were necessary for orientation behavior towards edges. Moreover, ectopic expression of rhodopsin 4 (Rh4), Rh5 or Rh6 could efficiently restore the edge-orientation defect in the ninaE(17) mutant. Altogether, our results show that R1-R6 photoreceptor cells are both necessary and sufficient for orientation behavior towards edges in Drosophila.
Approach to High-Resolution nmr in Solids (1968)

Received 27 December 1967DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.180©1968 American Physical Society
Tolerance induction to self-MHC antigens in fetal and neonatal mouse B cells (2007)

We have studied the mechanisms of tolerance induction to self-MHC antigens in mouse B cells during fetal development and the post-natal period. To monitor the fate of autoreactive B cell clones, we used the 3-83 micro delta B cell receptor (BCR)-transgenic (Tg) and -knock-in (KI) mouse models. These BCR-Tg and -KI B cells recognize the MHC class I molecules H-2K(k) and H-2K(b), with a high or moderate affinity, respectively. We compared the fate of BCR-Tg and -KI B cells in H-2K(b)-bearing animals and H-2K(b)-negative controls at various stages of their fetal development and post-natal life. Our data show that, in contrast to what occurs in adult B cells, anergy is the main component of tolerance induction in 3-83 micro delta BCR-Tg K(b+) autoreactive fetuses, while 3-83 BCR-KI fetuses primarily use receptor editing. Interestingly, autoreactive B cell deletion is absent or merely marginal before birth. Our results indicate that tolerance induction is effective as early as embryonic day 16.5 and that in the fetus and neonate, like in the adult, the main mechanism of B cell tolerance functioning in the 3-83 KI system is receptor editing. In contrast, in the 3-83 micro delta mice where receptor editing is hindered, adult and fetal B cells differ in their preferential use of mechanisms leading to self-tolerance (i.e. deletion versus anergy).
Nanoscale multistep shear band formation by deformation-induced nanocrystallization in Zr-Al-Ni-Pd bulk metallic glass (2005)

A single Zr65Al7.5Ni10Pd17.5 bulk metallic glass exhibits a large plastic strain of 6.6% during the compressive deformation process, which is attributed to the deformation mode with nanoscale multistep shear bands. We have observed that nanocrystals with a metastable fcc Zr2Ni structure containing several distorted icosahedral clusters are arranged in a “bandlike” formation in the glassy matrix around the multistep shear bands. This is recognized as direct evidence of the novel phenomenon of the restraint of shear band propagation owing to the dynamic precipitation of the nanocrystals.
Animal models for some important RNA viruses of public health concern in SEARO countries: Viral hemorrhagic fever (2015)

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are major public health problems in the South-East Asia Regional (SEAR) countries. VHFs are a group of illnesses; that are caused by four families of viruses, viz. Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae and Flaviviridae. All VHFs have common features: they affect several organs and damage the blood vessels. These symptoms are often accompanied by hemorrhage. To understand pathogenesis, genetic and environmental influence that increase the risk of VHFs, efficacy and safety studies on candidate vaccines and testing of various therapeutic agents, appropriate animal models are essential tools in public and animals health. In the current review, the suitable animal models for Flavivirus [Dengue hemorhagic fever (DHF), Kyasanur forest disease (KFD)]; Bunyavirus [Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Hantavirus fever (HF)]; and Paramyxovirus [Nipah virus fever (NiV)] have been reviewed with specific emphasis on emerging and reemerging viruses in SEAR countries.
Fatty Acid Conjugation Enhances the Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides (2013)

Antimicrobial peptides are small molecules that play a crucial role in innate immunity in multi-cellular organisms, and usually expressed and secreted constantly at basal levels to prevent infection, but local production can be augmented upon an infection. The clock is ticking as rising antibiotic abuse has led to the emergence of many drug resistance bacteria. Due to their broad spectrum antibiotic and antifungal activities as well as anti-viral and anti-tumor activities, efforts are being made to develop antimicrobial peptides into future microbial agents. This article describes some of the recent patents on antimicrobial peptides with fatty acid conjugation. Potency and selectivity of antimicrobial peptide can be modulated with fatty acid tails of variable length. Interaction between membranes and antimicrobial peptides was affected by fatty acid conjugation. At concentrations above the critical miscelle concentration (CMC), propensity of solution selfassembly hampered binding of the peptide to cell membranes. Overall, fatty acid conjugation has enhanced the activities of antimicrobial peptides, and occasionally it rendered inactive antimicrobial peptides to be bioactive. Antimicrobial peptides can not only be used as medicine but also as food additives.
The fate of cytoplasmic vanadium. Implications on (NA,K)-ATPase inhibition. (1979)

The fate of vanadate (+5 oxidation state of vanadium) taken up by the red cell was studied using EPR spectroscopy. The appearance of an EPR signal indicated that most of the cytoplasmic vanadate is reduced to the +4 oxidation state with axial symmetry characteristic of vanadyl ions. The signal at 23 degrees C was characteristic of an immobilized system indicating that the vanadyl ions in the cytoplasm are associated with a large molecule. [48V]Vanadium eluted with hemoglobin when the lysate from Na3[48V[O4-treated red cells was passed through a Sephadex G-100 column and rabbit anti-human hemoglobin serum caused a hemoglobin-specific precipitation of 48V when added to the red cell lysate. Both results indicate that hemoglobin is the protein which binds cytoplasmic vanadyl ions. However, neither sodium vanadate nor vanadyl sulfate bound to purified hemoglobin in vitro. Finally, transient kinetics of vanadyl sulfate interaction with the sodium-and potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase showed that the +4 oxidation state of vanadium is less effective than the +5 oxidation state in inhibiting this enzyme. These results indicate that oxidation-reduction reactions in the cytoplasm are capable of relieving vanadate inhibition of cation transport.
A Theoretical Design of a Biosensor Device Based on Split Ring Resonators for Operation in the Microwave Regime (2015)

In this theoretical study a biosensor device based on microwave split-ring resonators (SRRs) was developed and optimized for operation in the ultra-high frequency regime, by means of extensive finite element method (FEM) simulations. For sensor applications, the metallic surface will be bio functionalized and since SRRs are highly sensitive to the change in dielectric material the resonant frequencies shift proportional to the load of biomolecules. Our simulation results indicate a frequency shift of about 100.9 MHz for a hydrogel based bio-functionalization with a layer thickness of 3 μm.
High Repetition Rate Gigawatt Peak Power Fiber Laser Systems: Challenges, Design, and Experiment (2009)

We review the main challenges and give design guidelines for high-peak-power high-average-power fiber-based chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) systems. It is clearly pointed out that the lowest order fiber nonlinearity (NL), namely the self-phase modulation, limits the scalability of high-energy ultrashort pulse fiber amplifiers. Therefore, a distinguished difference arises between the consequences of accumulated nonlinear phase originating from the pulse envelope and initial weak modulations, resulting in a strong recommendation to operate an amplification system as linearly as possible in order to generate high-contrast pulses. Low-NL rare-earth-doped fibers, such as the recently available designs of photonic crystal fibers, are the key element for successful peak power scaling in fiber laser systems. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis and optimization of the extraction characteristics in connection with the accumulated nonlinear phase in such extreme fiber dimensions. Consequently, millijoule pulse energy femtosecond pulses at repetition rates in the 100 kHz range have already been demonstrated experimentally in a Yb-fiber-based CPA system that has even further scaling potential.
Comparison of sparing alternatives for disk arrays (1992)

This paper explores how choice of sparing methods impacts the performance of RAID level 5 (or parity striped) disk arrays. The three sparing methods examined are dedicated sparing, distributed sparing, and parity sparing. For database type workloads with random single block reads and writes, array performance is compared in four different modes - normal mode (no disks have failed), degraded mode (a disk has failed and its data has not been reconstructed), rebuild mode (a disk has failed and its data is being reconstructed), and copyback mode(which is needed for distributed sparing and parity sparing when failed disks are replaced with new disks). Attention is concentrated on small disk subsystems (fewer than 32 disks) where choice of sparing method has significant impact on array performance, rather than large disk subsystems (64 or more disks). It is concluded that, for disk subsystems with a small number of disks, distributed sparing offers major advantages over dedicated sparing in normal, degraded and rebuild modes of operation, even if one has to pay a copyback penalty. Furthermore, it is better than parity sparing in rebuild mode and similar to it in other operating modes, making it the sparing method of choice.
Role of in vivo scavenger function of macrophages in priming for endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor. (1987)

The effects of systemic administrations of immune complex, complement activators, and insoluble particles on endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were investigated in mice. Production of serum TNF was triggered by i.v. injection of OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, and measured by in vitro L-929 cytotoxicity assay. Intravenous injection of IgG-opsonized sheep red blood cells (10(8)/mouse) enhanced OK-432-triggered TNF production significantly. This effect was maximal (about 30-fold enhancement) 1.5 to 3 h after the injection and disappeared within 10 h. Complement activators other than immune complex also possessed this activity. Zymosan (0.1 mg/mouse) enhanced OK-432-triggered TNF production maximally (about 25-fold) 3 to 6 h after its i.v. injection, its effect lasting for 10 h, and disappearing within 24 h. Heat-aggregated IgG and cobra venom factor also had similar enhancing effects. In addition, systemic pretreatment with insoluble particles enhanced OK-432-triggered TNF production. The enhancement by latex beads (2 microliters volume of solid/mouse) was maximal (about 60-fold) 3 to 6 h after their i.v. injection, was sustained for at least 20 h, and disappeared within 48 h. Glass beads, dextran beads, alum, silica, and carbon particles all had similar enhancing effects. Based on these results, the in vivo scavenger function of macrophages, as well as direct activation with cytokines, may participate in priming for endogenous production of TNF; alternatively, particles or macromolecules which can be scavenged by macrophages may activate macrophages and prime for TNF production.
<title>High-resolution 3D underwater imaging</title> (1999)

A Streak Tube Imaging Lidar (STIL) system has recently demonstrated high resolution 3D imaging in ocean water. Lateral resolution of better than 1/2 inch has been obtained through 36 feet of ocean water, with range resolutions of better than 1 inch. The resulting 3D data may be processed for imaging of floating, moored, and bottom objects. Processed results include both conventional contrast maps of bottom targets, as well as range maps which represent the height of the object above the surrounding bottom. Data analysis and modeling was performed to process and interpret the resulting high resolution 3D images. This paper describes the concept, design, implementation, and performance of STIL for ocean imaging, and discusses applications of this high resolution 3D imaging capability to ocean surveillance.
A New Technique for Characterizing Comonomer Distribution in Polyolefins: High-Temperature Thermal Gradient Interaction Chromatography (HT-TGIC) (2011)

This paper documents a new polyolefin characterization technique, high-temperature thermal gradient interaction chromatography (HT-TGIC or TGIC), to quantify comonomer distribution. A set of homogeneous ethylene−octene homopolymers are used with a commercially available column having a graphitic substrate (HYPERCARB) to demonstrate this technique's applicability to fractionating polyolefins. The separation mechanism appears to be based on the interaction of the polyolefin chains with the graphite surface upon a temperature change in an isocratic solvent. The TGIC technique overcomes the key issues encountered in crystallization based techniques and in high-temperature liquid chromatography with a solvent gradient (HT-LC). Crystallization based techniques cover only a narrow analysis range of 0−9 mol % comonomer content and suffer from potential error in the analysis caused by cocrystallization effects. HT-LC is limited in its capability because of the limited choice in detectors available. Conversely, TGIC, because of the simplicity in solvent composition, has many commercially available detectors, such as infrared detectors (IR), light scattering detectors (LS), and viscometer detectors. For example, a triple detector TGIC with online IR, LS, and viscometer not only is capable of providing comonomer content and distribution from its TGIC retention temperature profile but also can provide a comprehensive microstructure mapping of molecular weight (MW) and intrinsic viscosity (IV) across the comonomer distribution. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, all these features can be obtained in a short analysis time of less than 1 h, for a comonomer content range of from 0 to 50 mol %. Additionally, TGIC is not subject to the cocrystallization problems that traditional polyolefins comonomer distribution characterization techniques have.
Development and applications of an epifluorescence module for synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microprobe imaging (2005)

Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe is a valuable analysis tool for imaging trace element composition in situ at a resolution of a few microns. Frequently, epifluorescence microscopy is beneficial for identifying the region of interest. To date, combining epifluorescence microscopy with x-ray microprobe has involved analyses with two different microscopes. We report the development of an epifluorescence module that is integrated into a synchrotron XRF microprobe beamline, such that visible fluorescence from a sample can be viewed while collecting x-ray microprobe images simultaneously. This unique combination has been used to identify metal accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease plaques and the mineral distribution in geological samples. The flexibility of this accessory permits its use on almost any synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microprobe beamline and applications in many fields of science can benefit from this technology.
Two Related Biosynthetic Pathways of Mugineic Acids in Gramineous Plants (1993)

The biosynthesis of mugineic acids was studied by feeding 2H- or 13C-labeled compounds to water-cultured roots in several gramineous plants. The fate of labeled compounds was monitored by using 2H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance. On investigating the proton changes during biosynthesis by feeding D,L-[3,3,4,4-d4]-methionine (98.6% 2H), 2H-labeled 2[prime]-deoxymugineic, mugineic, and 3-epihydroxymugineic acids were isolated from root washings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Minori), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Minorimugi), and beer barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv AM Nijo Tochigi), respectively. The 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance study indicated that 12 deuteriums were incorporated into the labeled 2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid, suggesting that three molecules of L-[3,3,4,4-d4]methionine were combined. In comparison, one of the deuteriums at C-2[prime] position in the mugineic acid, and one each of the deuteriums at C-2[prime] and C-3 positions in the 3-epihydroxymugineic acid, were lost. However, all other deuteriums were incorporated in a manner similar to that of the labeled 2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid. When [1,4[prime],4"-13C3]2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid (20% 13C) was fed to oat roots (Avena sativa L. cv Amuri II), avenic acid A, which was 13C enriched at the corresponding positions, was obtained. These results revealed that L-methionine was the precursor for all these mugineic acids and that cleavage of the azetidine ring or hydroxylation of the 2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid produced two related biosynthetic pathways in different gramineous plant species: L-methionine -> 2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid -> avenic acid A in oat; and L-methionine -> 2[prime]-deoxymugineic acid -> mugineic acid -> 3-epihydroxymugineic acid in barley and beer barley.
DDB2 gene disruption leads to skin tumors and resistance to apoptosis after exposure to ultraviolet light but not a chemical carcinogen (2004)

Mutations in the human DDB2 gene give rise to xeroderma pigmentosum group E, a disease characterized by increased skin tumorigenesis in response to UV-irradiation. Cell strains derived from xeroderma pigmentosum group E individuals also have enhanced resistance to UV-irradiation due to decreased p53-mediated apoptosis. To further address the precise function(s) of DDB2 and the consequence of non-naturally occurring DDB2 mutations, we generated mice with a disruption of the gene. The mice exhibited significantly enhanced skin carcinogenesis in response to UV-irradiation, and cells from the DDB2(-/-) mice were abnormally resistant to killing by the radiation and had diminished UV-induced, p53-mediated apoptosis. Notably, the cancer-prone phenotype and the resistance to cellular killing were not observed after exposure to the chemical carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), to which mice carrying defective nucleotide excision repair genes respond with enhanced tumors and cell killing. Although cells from heterozygous DDB2(+/-) mice appeared normal, these mice had enhanced skin carcinogenesis after UV-irradiation, so that XP-E heterozygotes might be at risk for carcinogenesis. In sum, these results demonstrate that DDB2 is well conserved between humans and mice and functions as a tumor suppressor, at least in part, by controlling p53-mediated apoptosis after UV-irradiation.
Minimal Transmission Power vs. Signal Strength as Distance Estimation for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

Autonomous localization of nodes in wireless sensor networks is essential to minimize the complex self-organization task and to enhance network lifetime. Known techniques such as distance estimation based on received signal strength are often inaccurate and produce outliers. We propose a new method to measure a distance using the minimal transmission power between a transmitting node and a receiving node. The determined distance is very precise and has a low variance. It is therefore suitable for localization which is exemplary demonstrated for the approximate "weighted centroid localization" algorithm
Bluetooth LE Finds Its Niche (2013)

The Internet of Things and sensor networks have been described as integral to the future of computing, yet neither has experienced widespread adoption. Could the Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) protocol be the missing link?