gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Testicular Function after Acute and Chronic Irradiation: Further Evidence for an Influence of Late Spermatids on Sertoli Cell Function in the Adult Rat* (1989)

To study cell to cell communications within the testis of adult Sprague-Dawley rats, we used acute whole body neutron plus gamma-irradiation (0.99 Gray of neutron and 0.24 Gray of gamma-rays, 3 min; Exp A) over 7-121 days postirradiation and chronic whole body gamma-irradiation (7 cGy/day 60Co gamma-rays; Exp B) over 14-84 days of irradiation and 7-86 days postirradiation. Neither irradiation protocol had an effect on the body weight of the animals. Neutron plus gamma-rays induced dramatic damages to spermatogonia, preleptotene spermatocytes, spermatozoa, and, to a lesser extent, pachytene spermatocytes. In contrast, gamma-rays induced a selective destruction of spermatogonia. Subsequently, in both experiments a maturation-depletion process led to a marked decrease in all germ cell types. A complete or near complete recovery of the different germ cell types and spermatozoa took place during the two postirradiation periods. Under both irradiation protocols Sertoli cells number was unchanged. Androgen-binding protein and FSH levels were normal in spite of the disappearance of most germ cells from spermatogonia to early spermatids. However, the decline of androgen-binding protein as well as the rise of FSH and their subsequent recovery were highly correlated to the number of late spermatids and spermatozoa. Moreover, it appeared that spermatocytes may also interfere with the production of inhibin (Exp B). With neither irradiation was Leydig cell function altered, except in Exp B in which elevated LH levels were temporarily observed. Correlation analysis suggested a relationship between preleptotene spermatocytes and Leydig cell function. In conclusion, this study establishes that chronic gamma-irradiation is particularly useful in the study of intratesticular paracrine regulation in vivo and provides further support to the concept that late spermatids play a major role in controlling some aspects of Sertoli cell function in the adult rat.
Carbon-Supported Pt-Based Alloy Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Particle Size, Shape, and Composition Manipulation and Their Impact to Activity (2015)

A scientific review addresses the current development of size-dependent, shape-selected, and composition-controlled carbon-supported Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for enhancing electrochemical catalytic performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). It starts with an overview of carbon support in carbon-supported Pt-alloy electrocatalysts and proceeds to the theoretical studies on the impact of Pt-alloy particle size, shape, and composition, and the experimental research on the particle size, shape, and composition of Pt-alloy catalysts. It particularly emphasizes on strategies to control particle size, shape, composition, and their impacts on catalyst activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction.
Plant cell culture technology in the cosmetics and food industries: current state and future trends (2018)

The production of drugs, cosmetics, and food which are derived from plant cell and tissue cultures has a long tradition. The emerging trend of manufacturing cosmetics and food products in a natural and sustainable manner has brought a new wave in plant cell culture technology over the past 10 years. More than 50 products based on extracts from plant cell cultures have made their way into the cosmetics industry during this time, whereby the majority is produced with plant cell suspension cultures. In addition, the first plant cell culture-based food supplement ingredients, such as Echigena Plus and Teoside 10, are now produced at production scale. In this mini review, we discuss the reasons for and the characteristics as well as the challenges of plant cell culture-based productions for the cosmetics and food industries. It focuses on the current state of the art in this field. In addition, two examples of the latest developments in plant cell culture-based food production are presented, that is, superfood which boosts health and food that can be produced in the lab or at home.
Electric Vehicle Aggregator/System Operator Coordination for Charging Scheduling and Services Procurement (2012)

In response to the need for the decarbonization of the transport sector, it is expected that large fleets of electric vehicles (EVs) will constitute an important share of the electricity demand. This evolution is likely to be accompanied by a parallel evolution of the electricity supply business with the deployment of smart grid technologies. As a consequence, it is expected that demand will feature higher potential for communication and control, which will enable its active participation in the daily operational planning of power systems. In particular, EVs being equipped with a battery can both defer their demand or inject electricity back into the system. However, to achieve volumes that can have an impact on the system, these demands need to be aggregated and operated as an ensemble. This paper proposes the necessary adaptations to include the input of EV aggregation to electricity markets. This permits the scheduling of EV charging and services in coordination with the system operator thus enhancing the power system's efficiency and security while reducing its environmental impact. Results show that the EVs penetration levels that the system would be able to absorb without requiring expansion of the supply side, are significantly increased when coordination over their charging schedule is performed.
Low-Noise Mixer in Oversized Microstrip for 5-mm Band (Short Papers) (1974)

This short paper summarizes the design and performance of a low-noise 5-mm mixer constructed in oversized microstrip---a new type of transmission line which is superior to microstrip at millimeter wavelengths. Includlng a 5-dB IF contribution, the measured noise figure was 9-10.5 dB over a wide range of LO frequencies and drive levels.
Reaction (2010)

This chapter considers the reaction among conservative evangelicals to perceived secularization in the closing decades of the nineteenth century. It traces the rise of new moral reform societies and renewed attempts to maintain America’s character as a Christian nation through constitutional amendment, legislation, and invigorated enforcement of Sunday laws. The chapter focuses on the activities of the National Reform Association, which was at the forefront of efforts to amend the Constitution and to pass moral legislation. It concludes with a discussion of a brief revival of the maxim in legal and popular commentary.
Broadband Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna Array for Base-Station Applications (2019)

This communication presents a broadband horizontally polarized (HP) omnidirectional antenna array with low gain variation for base-station applications. It consists of six omnidirectional antenna units. In order to generate HP omnidirectional radiation patterns for each unit, three wideband planar dipoles are employed as basic elements and they are connected by a wideband three-way power divider with equal magnitude and phase, conducting as a loop antenna. Based on such a configuration, the antenna unit obtains an HP omnidirectional pattern as well as a wide bandwidth of 48.2% (VSWR <; 1.5 within 1.67-2.73 GHz). However, the gain variation is more than 2.5 dB, which is relatively large. To reduce the gain variation, a novel approach is proposed by dividing the six antenna units into three unit pairs. Each unit pair consists of two antenna units which are complementary in radiation pattern. Using this method, the number of basic elements in each antenna unit is not increased, but the simulated gain variation is effectively reduced to about 1.24 dB.
Air-bridged lateral growth of crack-free Al0.24Ga0.76N on highly relaxed porous GaN (2004)

We report on the strain reduction in AlGaN layers grown on porous GaN (P-GaN) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The P-GaN was obtained by ultraviolet radiation-enhanced electroless wet chemical etching of thick hydride vapor phase epitaxial grown GaN (HVPE-GaN) templates over (001) sapphire substrates. By optimizing the growth conditions, lateral growth of AlGaN was enhanced resulting in air-bridge formation between the P-GaN and the AlGaN layers. X-ray diffraction studies showed significant strain relaxation in AlGaN layers primarily due to the strain sharing between P-GaN and the AlGaN layers. This allowed us to grow crack-free good optical quality layers with thickness exceeding the critical limits for AlGaN deposition on the conventional MOCVD GaN or HVPE-GaN. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of this approach for the development of efficient ultraviolet light emitters.
Alcohol and Breast Cancer Risk (2006)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States, other than non-melanotic skin cancer and is the second leading cause of death in women. Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease, resulting from gene-environmental interactions. Among the bestknown breast cancer risk factors, most of them cannot be controlled or modified. However, alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor that represents the leading non-hormonally related breast cancer risk factor. Alcohol intake is associated with increased breast cancer risk by the majority of epidemiological studies and experimental animal studies. Conflicting data has been generated about the relationship between the breast cancer risk and alcohol type, time of use and dose. Ethanol may cause breast cancer through different mechanisms, such as the induction of mutations by the acetaldehyde, changes in estrogen levels and estrogen receptor response, through oxidative damage by generating reactive oxygen species and/or the effect on one-carbon metabolism pathways on DNA methylation and DNA synthesis. Genetic variants for all these potential pathways involved in alcohol-induced breast cancers might increase a woman’s breast cancer risk. Definite studies on breast cancer etiology would lead to improved public health recommendations, allowing women to make individual choices about their lifestyle and might guide to better prevention strategies.
Identification of Citrus Greening (HLB) Using a VIS-NIR Spectroscopy Technique (2012)

Citrus greening, also known as Huanglongbing or HLB, is a major threat to the U.S. citrus industry. Currently, scouting and visual inspection are used for screening infected trees. However, this is a time-consuming and expensive method for HLB disease detection. Moreover, as it is subjective, the current method exhibits high detection error rates. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy for identifying HLB-infected citrus trees. The spectral data from infected and healthy orange trees of the Valencia variety were collected from four different orchards in Florida. Two different spectroradiometers with a spectral range of 350 to 2500 nm were used to collect the canopy reflectance spectral data. Three classification techniques were used to classify the data: k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machines (SVM). Analysis showed that using only one canopy reflectance observation per tree was inadequate. None of the classification methods was successful in discriminating healthy trees from HLB-infected trees because of the large variability in the canopy reflectance spectral data. When five spectra from the same tree were used for classification, the SVM and weighted KNN methods classified spectra with 3.0% and 6.5% error rates, respectively. The results from this study indicate that canopy VIS-NIR spectral reflectance data can be used to detect HLB-infected citrus trees; however, high classification accuracy (>90%) requires multiple measurements from a single tree.
Protection against <i>Escherichia coli</i> infection by antibody to the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> poly- <i>N</i> -acetylglucosamine surface polysaccharide (2007)

Poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is a surface polysaccharide produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and is an effective target for opsonic and protective Ab for these two organisms. Recently, it has been found that Escherichia coli produces an exo-polysaccharide, designated polyglucosamine, that is biochemically indistinguishable from PNAG. We analyzed 30 E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract and neonatal bloodstream infections for the pga locus, PNAG antigen production, and susceptibility to opsonic killing and protection from lethal infection by Ab to PNAG. Twenty-six of 30 strains carried the pga locus, 25 of 30 expressed immunologically detectable PNAG, and 21 of 30 could be killed by rabbit IgG specific for the deacetylated form of the staphylococcal PNAG. Ab to staphylococcal PNAG protected mice against lethality from five different E. coli strains expressing PNAG. PNAG expression by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms could make this antigen a conserved vaccine target for multiple pathogenic species of bacteria.
<title>Quasi-residual strain and moduli measurements in materials using embedded acoustic waveguides</title> (1996)

Following the processing and manufacture of resin and composite parts and during their lifetime, the distribution of internal residual strain and any variations in moduli are generally unknown. Real-time information on these parameters would be valuable for improving material performance and reliability. It is believed that measurements related to material residual stresses or strain and moduli can be obtained by measuring the longitudinal wave velocities within acoustic waveguides (AWG) embedded within a material. The concept is that the wave velocities within embedded AWG are related to the material bulk modulus, density and Poisson's Ratio which are all in some degree related to the material state of cure, and finally the internal residual stresses. Based on this concept it is shown that the AWG of different diameters embedded within the same resin part of uniform internal stress distribution, the AWG wave velocities should vary in relation to the square root of the AWG diameter. Experimental results using AWG of 5, 10, 16, 20, 40 and 62 mil diameter Nichrome embedded within Shell 815 clear resin with optically measured uniform strain, demonstrate a direct relationship between AWG velocities and the square root of the AWG diameter. Consequently, it is reasoned that for a part with several embedded AWG, each of the same diameter, then differences in the AWG velocities would yield information on differences in the residual strain and moduli within the part.
User-Driven Privacy Enforcement for Cloud-Based Services in the Internet of Things (2014)

Internet of Things devices are envisioned to penetrate essentially all aspects of life, including homes and urban spaces, in use cases such as health care, assisted living, and smart cities. One often proposed solution for dealing with the massive amount of data collected by these devices and offering services on top of them is the federation of the Internet of Things and cloud computing. However, user acceptance of such systems is a critical factor that hinders the adoption of this promising approach due to severe privacy concerns. We present UPECSI, an approach for user-driven privacy enforcement for cloud-based services in the Internet of Things to address this critical factor. UPECSI enables enforcement of all privacy requirements of the user once her sensitive data leaves the border of her network, provides a novel approach for the integration of privacy functionality into the development process of cloud-based services, and offers the user an adaptable and transparent configuration of her privacy requirements. Hence, UPECSI demonstrates an approach for realizing user-accepted cloud services in the Internet of Things.
Revisiting the notion of "resonance wood" choice: a decompartementalised approach from violin makers' opinion and perception to characterization of material properties' variability (2019)

This work aims to improve our understanding of the resonance wood and to investigate the interactions between their physical-mechanical properties, natural variability, and the violin makers' ways of choosing their materials. In order to identify the luthiers' practices and opinions, a socio-technical survey was conducted. Physical, vibrational, and visual/structural characteristics of the resonance wood obtained from several provenances with a variety of quality grades were also determined. Finally, these two approaches were completed by a psychosensory evaluation to compare the measurements that we have conducted with the perception and qualification of wood by the violin makers.
Synthesis of adinazolam mesylate multiply labeled with carbon‐13 and deuterium (1989)

Abstract Adinazolam mesylate labeled with stable isotopes was synthesized for conducting bioavailability studies. Adinazolam labeled uniformly with carbon‐13, >99% enrichment, in the unsubstituted phenyl ring was prepared for administration as drug. In addition, adinazolam was also dual‐labeled with carbon‐13, as in the drug, and with deuterium, six atoms per molecule, in the N‐methyl groups. The double‐labeled material was prepared for use as an internal standard in the mass spectral assay procedure to be employed in the study.
Lissajous fiber scanning for forward viewing optical endomicroscopy using asymmetric stiffness modulation (2014)

We report a fully packaged and compact forward viewing endomicroscope by using a resonant fiber scanner with two dimensional Lissajous trajectories. The fiber scanner comprises a single mode fiber with additional microstructures mounted inside a piezoelectric tube with quartered electrodes. The mechanical cross-coupling between the transverse axes of a resonant fiber with a circular cross-section was completely eliminated by asymmetrically modulating the stiffness of the fiber cantilever with silicon microstructures and an off-set fiber fragment. The Lissajous fiber scanner was fully packaged as endomicroscopic catheter passing through the accessory channel of a clinical endoscope and combined with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Ex-vivo 3D OCT images were successfully reconstructed along Lissajous trajectory. The preview imaging capability of the Lissajous scanning enables rapid 3D imaging with high temporal resolution. This endoscopic catheter provides many opportunities for on-demand and non-invasive optical biopsy inside a gastrointestinal endoscope.
Electrodeposition of Amorphous Selenium (1959)

Amorphous selenium coatings have been electroplated in thicknesses up to 30 µ (1.2 mils) on bright nickel cathodes (and thicker coatings can be prepared). Data are given for studies leading to the selection of the optimum bath and operating conditions for the formation of reproducible, uniform, and adherent deposits. It is shown that the plating baths employed and the amorphous deposits obtained are extremely sensitive to a variety of conditions, thus emphasizing the need for further study of the electrodeposition of selenium in the amorphous form.
Sentinel lymph node—why study it: Implications of the B‐32 study (2001)

Surgical removal of the regional lymph nodes by a level I and level II axillary dissection remains the standard of care for patients with surgically resectable breast cancer. Axillary dissection provides accurate pathologic staging and excellent regional disease control, and likely provides a small benefit in patient survival. Axillary dissection, however, is associated with significant patient morbidity. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy procedures have been found to provide very accurate pathologic staging when compared to axillary dissection; however, their effect on regional disease control and patient survival is not yet known. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has sponsored a Phase III prospective, randomized clinical trial (the B-32 trial) through the National Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), to compare results of patients treated with SLN biopsy alone vs. SLN biopsy with completion axillary node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer. Results of this trial will provide evidence of the safety of SLN biopsy procedures in the management of patients with breast cancer.
Characteristics of a compact three cavity laser configuration (1987)

Experimental and theoretical results on the characteristics of a compact three cavity transmitter configuration are presented. The configuration consists of a 1.3-μm semiconductor laser with external resonators on each side. One resonator is a spherical reflector positioned at the rear facet for sidemode suppression to about 30 dB. The other resonator at the front facet is a semitransparently gold coated grin-rod lens for linewidth reduction to about 1 MHz. The whole configuration has a length of less than 2 cm.
Close Proximity Effects of Metallic Environments on the Antiparallel Resonant Coil for Near-Field Powering (2013)

This study verifies close proximity effects of metallic environments on the antiparallel resonant coil for near-field powering based on the theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. Compared to the conventional coil with a forward loop, frequency shifting of the antiparallel resonant coil which consists of forward and reverse loops with opposite-direction currents is unchanged regardless of the proximity of metallic plates. Furthermore, highly efficient near-field powering for metallic objects can be achieved with the antiparallel resonant coil because of the added magnetic field caused by the image current of the metallic plates.
Mediated reality photography with CCTV-assisted object elimination using graph cut (2017)

For augmented reality (AR), computer-generated virtual objects are overlapped on the image of a real world. Since a disturbing real object (e.g, a moving human) on the display of an AR device reduces the immersion to AR experiences, the virtual objects need to be augmented after eliminating the disturbing object. From this motivation, this paper presents mediated reality (MR) photography, where the MR includes the AR technology for object augmentation and the diminished reality (DR) technology for object elimination. In this photography, the region occluded by the disturbing object is selected by using a graph cut method, where the graph cut separates a given image into the object and the background. Then, the region is inpainted by using reference background images which have captured by high-resolution CCTVs. The reference background images which give the information to the region of a disturbing object are used after perspectively transforming them to fit the camera view of a user's AR device. This MR photography method is implemented and its inpainting performance is evaluated by a histogram to color differences at the boundary of the disturbing object.
A reconfigurable 5-DoF 5-SPU parallel platform (2009)

Abstract—This paper presents a 5-SPU platform whose base leg attachments can be easily reconfigured, statically or dynamically, without altering its singularity locus. This permits to adapt the platform’s geometry to particular tasks without increasing the complexity of its control. The allowed reconfigurations permit to reduce the risk of collisions between legs, or even improving the stiffness of the platform, in a given region of its configuration space. It is also shown that no architectural singularities are introduced by the proposed reconfigurations. Index Terms—kinematics and dynamics of reconfiguration p i b1 a2 b2 b3 b4 a4 B b5 1.
A randomised phase II study of pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) in Asian advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients (2010)

ADI-PEG 20 is safe and efficacious in stabilising the progression of heavily pretreated advanced HCC in an Asian population, and deserves further exploration.