gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coronary flow increases induced by adenosine and adenine nucleotides are mediated by the coronary endothelium: a new principle of the regulation of coronary flow (1989)

Intracoronary adenosine as well as the adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP, beta, gamma-methylene-ATP, diadenosine-tetraphosphate, and polyadenylic acid) do not elicit their dilatory effects directly at the smooth muscle cells of the resistance vessel wall, but indirectly, via the endothelium. This must be concluded, since for these compounds the coronary endothelium represents an impermeable barrier between intra-arterial and intra-capillary spaces on the one hand, and the interstitium on the other. Furthermore, in equimolar concentrations the substances investigated induce quantitatively very similar increases in flow, although they are characterized by a highly differing metabolism during their passage through the coronary system as well as by great differences in molecular weight. These endothelium-dependent reactions cannot be influenced by 10(-4)M methylene blue, 10(-5)M haemoglobin, or pre-perfusion with 10(-6)M indomethacin. Accordingly, neither the EDRF nitric oxide nor PGI2 can be considered to be the mediator of these particular increases. There are now, however, observations indicating that the coronary endothelium and the smooth muscle cells of the coronary resistance vessels act as an electrically communicating 'syncytium'. In the light of these recent discoveries, a new principle of coronary flow regulation is suggested.
Column-associative caches (1993)

Direct-mapped caches are a popular design choice for highperfortnsnce processors;unfortunately, direct-mapped cachessuffer systematic interference misses when more than one address maps into the sensecache set. This paper &scribes the design of column-ossociotive caches.which minhize the cofllcrs that arise in direct-mapped accesses by allowing conflicting addressesto dynamically choose alternate hashing functions, so that most of the cordiicting data canreside in the cache. At the sametime, however, the critical hit accesspath is unchanged. The key to implementing this schemeefficiently is the addition of a reho.dsM to eachcache se~which indicates whether that set stores data that is referenced by an alternate hashing timction. When multiple addressesmap into the samelocatioz theserehoshed locatwns are preferentially replaced. Using trace-driven simulations and en analytical model, we demonstrate that a column-associative cacheremoves virtually all interference missesfor large caches,without altering the critical hit accesstime.
Animal ice-binding (antifreeze) proteins and glycolipids: an overview with emphasis on physiological function (2015)

Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) assist in subzero tolerance of multiple cold-tolerant organisms: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria etc. IBPs include: (1) antifreeze proteins (AFPs) with high thermal hysteresis antifreeze activity; (2) low thermal hysteresis IBPs; and (3) ice-nucleating proteins (INPs). Several structurally different IBPs have evolved, even within related taxa. Proteins that produce thermal hysteresis inhibit freezing by a non-colligative mechanism, whereby they adsorb onto ice crystals or ice-nucleating surfaces and prevent further growth. This lowers the so-called hysteretic freezing point below the normal equilibrium freezing/melting point, producing a difference between the two, termed thermal hysteresis. True AFPs with high thermal hysteresis are found in freeze-avoiding animals (those that must prevent freezing, as they die if frozen) especially marine fish, insects and other terrestrial arthropods where they function to prevent freezing at temperatures below those commonly experienced by the organism. Low thermal hysteresis IBPs are found in freeze-tolerant organisms (those able to survive extracellular freezing), and function to inhibit recrystallization - a potentially damaging process whereby larger ice crystals grow at the expense of smaller ones - and in some cases, prevent lethal propagation of extracellular ice into the cytoplasm. Ice-nucleator proteins inhibit supercooling and induce freezing in the extracellular fluid at high subzero temperatures in many freeze-tolerant species, thereby allowing them to control the location and temperature of ice nucleation, and the rate of ice growth. Numerous nuances to these functions have evolved. Antifreeze glycolipids with significant thermal hysteresis activity were recently identified in insects, frogs and plants.
Effects of heavy metals on the growth and mineral composition of a nickel hyperaccumulator (1996)

Abstract Alyssum pintodasilvae Dudley is a nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator endemic to serpentine soils of north‐east Portugal. In one experiment, the effects of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Ni, lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) on the growth and mineral composition of this species were evaluated. The growth of A. pintodasilvae, measured by dry matter accumulation, was not influenced by the presence of Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, or Zn in the soil, but Cd applications led to significant decreases in dry matter yield. The addition of heavy metals to the soil resulted in increased uptake and translocation by A. pintodasilvae but only Ni was accumulated to high levels. In a second experiment, two cuts of A. pintodasilvae, grown on a Ni‐enriched soil, were compared. Nickel concentrations were higher in the second cut, suggesting the possibility of continued growth and harvest of this plant to detoxify Ni‐contaminated soils. Notes Universidade de Tras‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro, 5000 Vila Real, Portugal. CECUL‐FCUL, Calçada Bento da Rocha Cabral, 14, 1200 Lisboa, Portugal.
A Piezoelectric Sensor Signal Analysis Method for Identifying Persons Groups (2019)

The is an increasing number of elderly single-person households causing lonely deaths and it is a social problem. We study a watching system for elderly families by laying the piezoelectric sensors inside the house. There are few privacy issues of this system because piezoelectric sensor detects only a person's vibration signal. Furthermore, it has a benefit of sensing the ability for a bio-signal including the respiration cycle and cardiac cycle. We propose a method of identifying the person who is on the sensor by analyzing the frequency spectrum of the bio-signal. Multiple peaks of harmonics originating from the heartbeat appear in the graph of the frequency spectrum. We propose a method to identify people by using the peak shape as a discrimination criterion.
Disruption of thetalin gene arrests mouse development at the gastrulation stage (2000)

Studies on cultured cells show that the cytoskeletal protein talin plays a key role in cell spreading and the assembly of cell-extracellular matrix junctions. To examine the role of talin in vivo, we have generated mice with a targeted disruption of the talin gene. Heterozygotes are normal, but no surviving homozygous mutant animals were obtained, proving that talin is required for embryogenesis. Mutant embryos develop normally to the blastocyst stage and implant, but there is a gross disorganization of the embryos at gastrulation (6.5-7.5 days post coitum), and they die around 8.5-9.5 days post coitum. The embryonic ectoderm is reduced in size, with fewer cells, and is incompletely organised compared with wild-type embryos. The mutant embryos show disorganised extraembryonic tissues, and the ectoplacental and excocoelomic cavities are not formed. This seems to be because embryonic mesoderm accumulates as a mass on the posterior side of the embryos and fails to migrate to extraembryonic regions, although mesodermal cells are evident in the embryo proper. Spreading of trophoblast cells derived from cultured mutant blastocysts on fibronectin and laminin is also considerably reduced. Therefore, the fundamental deficit in these embryos seems to be a failure of cell migration at gastrulation.
Small Nuclear Inclusion Protein Encoded by a Plant Potyvirus Genome Is a Protease (1987)

Tobacco etch virus, a plant potyvirus, expresses its RNA genome as a large polyprotein precursor which undergoes extensive proteolytic processing to yield seven or more mature products. Two of these products, proteins with apparent molecular weights of 49,000 and 54,000 (49K and 54K proteins), aggregate in the form of crystalline inclusions within the nuclei of infected cells. Cell-free translation of synthetic transcripts was used to map the genes for these two products on the viral genome and to express an enzymatically active protein. The 49K protein was determined to be a viral protease responsible for several cleavages of the polyprotein, including its own autocatalytic excision. Analyses of products expressed from the 49K protein genes which were altered by deletion revealed that only the carboxyl-terminal half was required for proteolytic activity.
Thin Film on CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for Space Applications (2008)

A 664 x 664 element Active Pixel image Sensor (APS) with integrated analog signal processing, full frame synchronous shutter and random access for applications in star sensors is presented and discussed. A thick vertical diode array in Thin Film on CMOS (TFC) technology is explored to achieve radiation hardness and maximum fill factor.
Coaxial Line Reflection Methods for Measuring Dielectric Properties of Biological Substances at Radio and Microwave Frequencies-A Review (1980)

Coaxial line reflection methods for measuring dielectric properties of biological materials at radio (RF) and microwave (MF) frequencies are reviewed and compared from the point of view of their relative uncertainties of measurement of lossy substances with high dielectric constant. Advantages and limitations of different methods and some practical recommendations are presented.
Sum Frequency Generation of Interfacial Lipid Monolayers Shows Polarization Dependence on Experimental Geometries (2016)

Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been widely employed to investigate molecular structures of biological surfaces and interfaces including model cell membranes. A variety of lipid monolayers or bilayers serving as model cell membranes and their interactions with many different molecules have been extensively studied using SFG. Here, we conducted an in-depth investigation on polarization-dependent SFG signals collected from interfacial lipid monolayers using different experimental geometries, i.e., the prism geometry (total internal reflection) and the window geometry (external reflection). The different SFG spectral features of interfacial lipid monolayers detected using different experimental geometries are due to the interplay between the varied Fresnel coefficients and second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor terms of different vibrational modes (i.e., ss and as modes of methyl groups), which were analyzed in detail in this study. Therefore, understanding the interplay between the interfacial Fresnel coefficients and χ((2)) tensors is a prerequisite for correctly understanding the SFG spectral features with respect to different experimental geometries. More importantly, the derived information in this paper should not be limited to the methyl groups with a C3v symmetry; valid extension to interfacial functional groups with different molecular symmetries and even chiral interfaces could be expected.
Reexamination of the wavelength modulation photoresponse spectroscopies (1985)

Reexamination of the wavelength modulation photoresponse spectroscopies showed that the line shapes obtained by these methods are subject to distortions from several sources of spurious interference spectra. A comparison is made between the wavelength modulation absorption/reflection and the wavelength modulation photoresponse spectroscopies; it is concluded that the former are the most suitable modulation techniques for studies requiring unambiguous line shapes.
Molecular cloning of a major human gall bladder mucin: complete C-terminal sequence and genomic organization of MUC5B (1997)

Gall bladder mucin has been shown to play a central role in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease. While cloning and sequencing studies have provided a wealth of information on the structure of other gastrointestinal and respiratory mucins, nothing is known about the primary structure of human gall bladder mucin. In this study, we show that the tracheobronchial mucin MUC5B is a major mucin gene product expressed in the gall bladder. Antibodies directed against deglycosylated human gall bladder mucin were used to screen a gall bladder cDNA expression library, and most of the isolated clones contained repetitive sequences nearly identical with those in the tandem repeat region of MUC5B. An additional clone (hGBM2-3) contained an open reading frame coding for a 389 residue cysteine-rich sequence. The arrangement of cysteine residues in this sequence was very similar to that in the C-terminal regions of MUC2, MUC5AC and human von Willebrand factor. This cysteine-rich sequence was connected to a series of degenerate MUC5B tandem repeats in a 7.5 kb HincII genomic DNA fragment. This fragment, with ten exons and nine introns, contained MUC5B repeats in exon 1 and a 469 residue cysteine-rich sequence in exons 2-10 that provided a 152 nucleotide overlap with cDNA clone hGBM2-3. Interestingly, the exon-intron junctions in the MUC5B genomic fragment occurred at positions equivalent to those in the D4 domain of human von Willebrand factor, suggesting that these proteins evolved from a common evolutionary ancestor through addition or deletion of exons encoding functional domains.
A chemical underlayer approach to mitigate shot noise in EUV contact hole patterning (2014)

Shot noise is a significant issue in EUV lithography, especially in printing small area features like contact holes. This brings about LCDU (Local CD Uniformity) issue and LCDU-sensitivity tradeoff. This paper describes efforts to alleviate this issue through a novel EUV Underlayer (UL) chemistry design approach. The novel component “buffer” was introduced into EUV UL formulations to balance back exposure energy from UL to the resist at different incident positions. Measured back exposure dose from UL shows much lower variation (6σ/mean) compared with shot noise of resist absorbed dose. Thus summed energy variation will be suppressed when counting back exposure effect of UL, namely shot noise is reduced. Through reported shot noise model, our calculation suggests 30% sensitivity improvement and 13.4% shot noise suppression can be expected. Actual lithographic evaluations demonstrated simultaneous LCDU and sensitivity improvement. The feasibility of 30% sensitivity improvement by Metal hard mask (MHM) material was tested. The combination of buffer functionalized UL and MHM was modeled.
Scaling of Apparent Viscosity (1964)

Observers made numerical judgments of the apparent viscosities of silicone liquids whose absolute viscosities ranged from 10.3 to 95,000 centipoises. Judgments were made by three procedures: shaking or turning a bottle containing the liquid, stirring the liquid with a rod with the eyes blindfolded, and stirring with the eyes open. For all these methods of judging, apparent viscosity was found to grow as the absolute viscosity raised to a fractional power. The exponents ranged from 0.42 to 0.46. The perception of viscosity follows the psychophysical power law that seems to govern prothetic perceptual continua.
Prediction of a Resonance-Enhanced Laser-Beam Displacement at Total Internal Reflection in Semiconductors (1983)

Lateral Goos-H\"anchen shifts can be increased by factors of 10-100 for laser frequency near an exciton-polariton resonance in semiconductors. A "negative" shift can occur for laser frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$ in the pseudogap ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}<{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}<{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{l}$. Surface irregularities can be probed with this effect.
Pseudo-skin Factors for Partially-Penetrating Directionally-Drilled Wells (1975)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract An analytical solution derived recently to study the unsteady-state flow of a slightly compressible fluid toward slanted wells was modified to compute the pseudo-skin effect created by partial penetration and slant of a well. It was partial penetration and slant of a well. It was found, as expected, that the pseudo-skin factor due to the slant of a well has a negative value and it appears to be affected by both the location of the producing interval in the formation and the producing interval length. producing interval length Introduction Many authors have studied steady-state and the unsteady-state flow toward a partially-penetrating well. They considered a well partially-penetrating well. They considered a well perpendicular to the producing formation and perpendicular to the producing formation and concluded that this type of well completion causes a decrease in well productivity. However, as pointed out by Cinco, et al., many wells do not penetrate the producing formation perpendicularly. Instead, there is an angle perpendicularly. Instead, there is an angle between the wellbore axis and a normal to the formation horizontal plane. These wells may be termed "directionally-drilled," or "slanted" wells. This situation creates an increase in well productivity with respect to a partially penetrating well which is perpendicular to the penetrating well which is perpendicular to the formation. Cinco, et al., studied the unsteady-state flow of a slightly compressible fluid toward slanted wells in an infinite slab reservoir, and presented a solution which can be applied to presented a solution which can be applied to fully and partially-penetrating wells. It was shown that the unsteady flow toward a slanted line source includes three flow periods:a radial flow period,a transitional flow period, anda pseudo-radial flow period. They also presented results for a fully-penetrating slanted presented results for a fully-penetrating slanted well of infinite conductivity, and concluded that the slant of a well causes an increase in well productivity which can be handled as a negative productivity which can be handled as a negative pseudo-skin effect that is constant for large pseudo-skin effect that is constant for large values of time. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the pseudo-skin effect for a partially-penetrating pseudo-skin effect for a partially-penetrating slanted well of infinite conductivity (uniform pressure at the wellbore) in an infinite slab pressure at the wellbore) in an infinite slab reservoir, and to show how to correct the skin factor calculated from well test analysis for the deviation from the vertical.
Thermal-aware body bias modulation for high performance mobile core (2012)

Thermal management, which dynamically throttles frequency and voltage, is de facto standard in high performance mobile SoC to sustain device surface temperature under specific level; and throttling must accompany with computation slowdown. To minimize performance loss, we present a new thermal management by using adaptive body bias which efficiently modulates speed and leakage current. The key problem is to optimize body voltage respect to performance as well as power in chip-to-chip process variation. We also propose a semicustom design flow with standard cells and commercial EDA tools for seamless adoption to commercial products. With the proposed method, we can reduce 12.3% of the quality loss caused by thermal management in a mobile SoC test vehicle. This is the first study and commercial use in thermal management at the best of our knowledge.
Opiate withdrawal and the rat locus coeruleus: behavioral, electrophysiological, and biochemical correlates (1990)

We have compared the time course of the behavioral manifestations of opiate withdrawal to the in vivo activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons and to increases in the levels of G-proteins, adenylate cyclase, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase known to occur in the LC in opiate-dependent animals. Rats were given morphine by daily subcutaneous implantation of morphine pellets for 5 d. On the sixth day, morphine withdrawal was induced by subcutaneous administration of naltrexone, an opiate receptor antagonist, with additional doses given 6 and 24 hr later, conditions that resulted in sustained, maximal levels of withdrawal over the duration of the experiment. We found a striking parallel between the time courses of the behavioral signs and the increased activity of LC neurons during withdrawal, both of which appeared to follow 2 phases. There was an early, rapid phase, during which withdrawal signs and increased LC activity became most pronounced within 15-30 min after naltrexone administration, and then recovered rapidly by over 50% within 4 hr of withdrawal. Subsequently, there was a slower phase, during which the persisting withdrawal signs and elevated LC activity remained roughly constant from 4 to 24 hr and did not recover completely until after 72 hr of continuous withdrawal. Adenylate cyclase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activities in isolated LC subcellular fractions, both elevated in dependent animals, recovered to control levels after 6 hr of withdrawal, in parallel with the rapid phase of withdrawal. Levels of G1 and Go, also elevated in dependent animals, remained only slightly elevated at 6 hr and returned to normal by 24 hr. Taken together, these data suggest that increased neuronal activity in the LC is associated temporally with the behavioral morphine withdrawal syndrome and that increased levels of G-proteins and an up-regulated cAMP system may contribute to the early withdrawal activation of these neurons.
Mechanistic Study on the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Direct Amination of Alcohols (2014)

The Ru-catalyzed direct amination of alcohols with ammonia was investigated for the RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3/Xantphos system in order to gain mechanistic insight. For several Ru(II) precursor complexes the influence of different additives on catalytic performance was investigated. NMR studies revealed that the reaction of RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3/Xantphos with the alcohol in the presence of a strong base initially formed an inactive dihydrido Ru species. However, by addition of a ketone, the dihydride was (re)activated, where the corresponding imine is the actual activator, formed by immediate condensation of the ketone with ammonia. In the absence of a base, added ketone significantly enhanced catalyst activity. Catalytically inactive RuCl2(PPh3)3 could be activated by base, demonstrating that also complexes without the CO ligand give active catalysts. On the basis of these observations a mechanism was proposed, closely related to known transfer hydrogenation mechanisms.
Convergent and Predictive Validity of Three Scales Related to Falls in the Elderly (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine if the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), and Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) assessments measured fear of falling in the same manner (convergent validity) and to determine if they predicted those individuals who, based upon a previous history of falls, limitation of activity, and not leaving home, had an increased potential for falling (predictive validity). One hundred and eighteen individuals, 60 years of age and older, completed each of the assessments. They self-reported activity restriction, fall history, and the number of times they left the home each week. The convergent validity of each assessment was established by correlating each assessment tool with each of the others. Findings indicated the ABC and FES were highly correlated with each other, indicating they measured similar constructs, and both were moderately correlated with the SAFE, suggesting these assessments measured different constructs. The predictive validity of each instrument in relation to the frequency of falls, limitation of activity, and frequency of leaving the home revealed no individual tool could accurately predict any of these characteristics of the sample. As a result, no one test by itself was able to identify individuals who may be at risk and a candidate for an intervention program.