gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Organic Compounds by Mixed Hydrides. I. Nitriles (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of Organic Compounds by Mixed Hydrides. I. NitrilesRobert F. NystromCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 9, 2544–2545Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01614a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01614a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1439Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three-phase measurement evaluation using a high-speed processor with snapshot facility (1988)

A homogeneous measurement evaluation system is presented which provides all characteristic electrical parameters in a HV substation. It can be applied to asymmetric and to distorted power systems. Its application software consists of four parts for each function: preprocessing, frequency shift, filtering, and arithmetic functions. Its processor features the snapshot facility, i.e. all voltage and current phases of one feeder can be picked up simultaneously, thus eliminating interpolation errors. The accuracy of the evaluated parameters is Cl.0.2 and Cl.0.5 respectively, including RMS values of harmonics. Analog antialiasing filters are not required. Amplitude and phase errors of instrument transformers can be compensated. Since the applied processor is fast, real-time results are obtained which meet even the stringent requirements of static VAr compensators or other power electronics control equipment. An application for an EHV gas-insulated substation is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-Organized Lateral Patterning of a Rare Earth Complex and Stearic Acid in Langmuir Films (2001)

Metal supercomplexes form on compression of a film of the individual complexes mixed with a fatty acid: A suite of techniques--Langmuir film balance, and optical and scanning force microscopy--show the transformation of [Eu(tta)3 (phen)] into a thin film of strongly luminescent tetrameric supercomplexes. When the area per molecule is low, a phase-separated meshwork structure forms. The cartoon shows the surface arrangement, in which the supercomplexes sit on a layer of the single europium complexes and corralled by a fatty acid.
TREATMENT OF SLEEP APNOEA WITH CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE IN CHILDREN WITH CRANIOFACIAL MALFORMATIONS (1999)

We conducted sleep studies in a consecutive series of 21 children with craniofacial malformations and suspected obstructive sleep apnoea. Thirteen had sleep apnoea, and one patient with a tracheostomy could not be tested. Twelve children were admitted for initiation of treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). Ten patients accepted nCPAP, two did not. Seven children use home treatment successfully. Obstructive sleep apnoea in most children is completely eliminated with nCPAP. The treatment is safe, effective, and leads to a reduction in the number of operations done for children with craniofacial malformations. Aesthetic operations can be delayed until facial growth is complete.
Sandwich Hybridization Assay for Sensitive Detection of Dynamic Changes in mRNA Transcript Levels in Crude <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cell Extracts in Response to Copper Ions (2008)

Transcript quantification techniques usually rely on purified mRNAs. We report here a solution-based sandwich hybridization assay for the quantification of mRNAs from Escherichia coli without the need of prior RNA isolation. This assay makes use of four DNA oligonucleotide probes adjacently hybridizing to target RNA in clarified cell extracts. Two helper probes facilitate the hybridization of a detection and a capture probe. The latter is biotin labeled, allowing binding to streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads and the separation of the RNA-DNA hybrid from cellular constituents. Added antidigoxigenin Fab fragments conjugated to alkaline phosphatase bind to the digoxigenin-labeled detection probe, completing the sandwich of the paramagnetic bead, mRNA, probes, and alkaline phosphatase. The target transcript can be quantified by assessing phosphatase activity on a substrate that is converted into a fluorescent product. The amount of target mRNA is calculated from the fluorescence output and from a calibration curve for a known concentration of in vitro-synthesized target mRNA. This technique was used in time course experiments to investigate the expression of three genes responsible for the copper resistance of E. coli. The induction of gene expression by copper cations was rapid, but under aerobic conditions, the levels of expression returned to low, prestress levels within minutes. In anaerobiosis, high-level expression continued for at least 1 h. When cultures were shifted from anaerobiosis to aerobiosis, expression levels were diminished within minutes to prestress levels. The improved technique presented here is relatively simple, has very high degrees of sensitivity and robustness, is less laborious than other RNA quantification methods, and is not negatively affected by genomic DNA. These characteristics make it a powerful complementary application to genetic reporter fusions and to reverse transcription-PCR.
Estimating parameters in nonlinear rate equations (1994)

Abstract Reaction rate equations with coefficients that have an Arrhenius dependence on temperature require nonlinear procedures to obtain parameter estimates. Estimates are important, but of equal importance are their measures of plausibility. The simplest measures, in the form (estimate ± limits), are based on linear approximations, which can be, and often are, highly misleading. But there is no need to use approximations because modern statistical profiling techniques can produce accurate intervals very efficiently. Profiling also provides valuable insight into the estimation situation by revealing how models can be simplified. Strategies are given for model reformulation and parameter transformation to produce models with well‐behaved estimates.
p-Channel Organic Semiconductors Based on Hybrid Acene−Thiophene Molecules for Thin-Film Transistor Applications (2005)

We report the structural and electrical characterization of two new p-channel organic semiconductors, 5,5'-bis(2-tetracenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (1) and 5,5'-bis(2-anthracenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (2). Both compounds exhibited a high degree of thermal stability with decomposition temperatures of 530 degrees C and 425 degrees C for 1 and 2, respectively. The thin-film structures of 1 and 2 were examined using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Films of 1 and 2 pack in similar triclinic unit cells with the long axes of the molecules nearly perpendicular to the substrate. Thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on 1 and 2 exhibit contact-corrected linear regime hole mobility as high as 0.5 cm2/Vs and 0.1 cm2/Vs, respectively. The specific contact resistance at high gate voltages for gold top contacts was 2 x 10(4) Ohms cm and 3 x 10(4) Ohms cm for 35 nm thick films of 1 and 2, respectively. Long-term air stability tests revealed less degradation of the electrical properties of 1 and 2 in comparison to pentacene. Variable temperature measurements revealed activation energies as low as 22 and 27 meV for 1 and 2, respectively. The temperature and gate voltage dependence of the mobility are discussed in terms of a double exponential distribution of trap states and a model accounting for the layered structure of the organic films. The enhanced air and thermal stability over pentacene, combined with good electrical performance characteristics, make 2 a promising candidate for future organic TFT applications.
Up in the Air Without a Ticket: Interpretation and Revision of the Warsaw Convention (1982)

Influenza vaccination uptake declined among HCPs during the 2020 flu season compared with the previous season but is expected to increase in the upcoming 2021 season. Nevertheless, the findings are encouraging and indicate increased willingness of HCPs to become vaccinated in the upcoming 2021 season, but coverage could be further increased by policymakers via a comprehensive plan focusing particularly on younger HCPs, Saudis, males, and physicians.
Priming for Enhanced Defense (2015)

When plants recognize potential opponents, invading pathogens, wound signals, or abiotic stress, they often switch to a primed state of enhanced defense. However, defense priming can also be induced by some natural or synthetic chemicals. In the primed state, plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress with faster and stronger activation of defense, and this is often linked to immunity and abiotic stress tolerance. This review covers recent advances in disclosing molecular mechanisms of priming. These include elevated levels of pattern-recognition receptors and dormant signaling enzymes, transcription factor HsfB1 activity, and alterations in chromatin state. They also comprise the identification of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase as a receptor of the priming activator β-aminobutyric acid. The article also illustrates the inheritance of priming, exemplifies the role of recently identified priming activators azelaic and pipecolic acid, elaborates on the similarity to defense priming in mammals, and discusses the potential of defense priming in agriculture.
A Simple and Highly Secure Protocol for POS Terminal (2009)

As we know, the communication networks were first designed for voice communication purposes. Further developments within the communication networks made it possible to send or transmit data as well. When the public network is used as a bearer for data which need high security, e.g. payment, shopping, police telecommunication or mobile betting, there is a possibility that an attacker might capture the message context which includes user privacy, or amend the message causing a fraudulent transaction. This paper presents an efficient POINT OF SALE protocol for insecure marketplace environments over telephone line or another communication medium. The proposed protocol not only satisfies the convenience and ease of use but also provides high level transaction security and non repudiation characterizes that is necessary for payments.
Active Gate Control for Current Balancing of Parallel-Connected IGBT Modules in Solid-State Modulators (2008)

In modern pulsed power systems, often, fast solid-state switches like MOSFETs and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules are used to generate short high power pulses. In order to increase the pulsed power, solid-state switches have to be connected in series or in parallel. Depending on the interconnection of the switches, parameter variations in the switches and in the system can lead to an unbalanced voltage or current. Therefore, the switches are generally derated, which results in an increased number of required devices, cost, and volume. With an active gate control, derating and preselection of the switching devices can be avoided. In this paper, an active gate control of paralleled IGBT modules, which has been developed for converters with inductive load, is explained in detail and adapted to a solid-state modulator. This paper focuses on achieving a low-inductance IGBT current measurement, the control unit implementation with a field-programmable gate array and a digital signal processor, as well as the balancing of the pulse currents.
Phenotypic plasticity in fungi: a review with observations on<i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> (2009)

Phenotypic plasticity in fungi is reviewed in the context of observations on phenotypic changes in the colony morphology of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. The variation in colony form is shown to depend on (i) the types of single carbon substrates (sugars and sugar alcohols) used in the growth medium, (ii) colony age, (iii) incubation temperature, (iv) light cycle and (v) substrate type. Expanding colonies grow in a developmental sequence that show synchronize growth phase shifts as well as unusual transitions from homogeneous to sectored, yeast to mycelial and giant to microcolonial growth forms. Epigenetic influences on phenotypic switches are suggested to be potential causes of form changes. The desirable properties of a model organism for studying phenotypic plasticity are discussed and past work on the yeast-mycelial transition of fungi is reviewed.
Structure of Substrate-free Human Insulin-degrading Enzyme (IDE) and Biophysical Analysis of ATP-induced Conformational Switch of IDE (2007)

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a zinc metalloprotease that hydrolyzes amyloid-beta (Abeta) and insulin, which are peptides associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and diabetes, respectively. Our previous structural analysis of substrate-bound human 113-kDa IDE reveals that the N- and C-terminal domains of IDE, IDE-N and IDE-C, make substantial contact to form an enclosed catalytic chamber to entrap its substrates. Furthermore, IDE undergoes a switch between the closed and open conformations for catalysis. Here we report a substrate-free IDE structure in its closed conformation, revealing the molecular details of the active conformation of the catalytic site of IDE and new insights as to how the closed conformation of IDE may be kept in its resting, inactive conformation. We also show that Abeta is degraded more efficiently by IDE carrying destabilizing mutations at the interface of IDE-N and IDE-C (D426C and K899C), resulting in an increase in Vmax with only minimal changes to Km. Because ATP is known to activate the ability of IDE to degrade short peptides, we investigated the interaction between ATP and activating mutations. We found that these mutations rendered IDE less sensitive to ATP activation, suggesting that ATP might facilitate the transition from the closed state to the open conformation. Consistent with this notion, we found that ATP induced an increase in hydrodynamic radius, a shift in electrophoretic mobility, and changes in secondary structure. Together, our results highlight the importance of the closed conformation for regulating the activity of IDE and provide new molecular details that will facilitate the development of activators and inhibitors of IDE.
Investigation of As<sub>40</sub>Se<sub>60</sub>chalcogenide glass in precision glass molding for high-volume thermal imaging lenses (2015)

The growing demand for thermal imaging sensors and cameras has focused attention on the need for larger volumes of lower cost optics in this infrared region. A major component of the cost of thermal imaging lenses is the germanium content. As<sub>40</sub>Se<sub>60</sub> was developed as a moldable, germanium-free chalcogenide glass that can serve as a low cost alternative to germanium and other infrared materials. This material also has promising characteristics for improved optical performance, especially with regard to reduced thermal sensitivity. As<sub>40</sub>Se<sub>60</sub> has found acceptance as a material to be diamond turned or polished, but it is only now emerging as a legitimate candidate for precision glass molding. This paper will review chalcogenide molding and characterize As<sub>40</sub>Se<sub>60</sub> for widespread use in highvolume thermal imaging optics. The relative advantages and disadvantages of As<sub>40</sub>Se<sub>60</sub> as compared to other chalcogenide glasses will also be discussed.
Mass spectrometric analysis of <b><i>Plasmodium falciparum</i></b> erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 variants expressed by placental malaria parasites (2004)

Surface proteins from Plasmodium falciparum are important malaria vaccine targets. However, the surface proteins previously identified are highly variant and difficult to study. We used tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the variant antigens (Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1)) expressed on the surface of malaria-infected erythrocytes that bind to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) in the placenta. Whereas PfEMP1 variants previously implicated as CSA ligands were detected, in unselected parasites four novel variants were detected in CSA-binding or placental parasites but not in unselected parasites. These novel PfEMP1 variants require further study to confirm whether they play a role in placental malaria.
Systematic bioinformatic analysis of expression levels of 17,330 human genes across 9,783 samples from 175 types of healthy and pathological tissues (2008)

Our knowledge on tissue- and disease-specific functions of human genes is rather limited and highly context-specific. Here, we have developed a method for the comparison of mRNA expression levels of most human genes across 9,783 Affymetrix gene expression array experiments representing 43 normal human tissue types, 68 cancer types, and 64 other diseases. This database of gene expression patterns in normal human tissues and pathological conditions covers 113 million datapoints and is available from the GeneSapiens website.
Adaptive Cruise Control and Driver Modeling (2001)

Many vehicle manufacturers have lately introduced advance driver support in some of their automobiles. One of those new features is Adaptive Cruise Control DACCE, which extends the conventional cruise control system to control of relative speed and distance to other vehicles. In order to design an ACC controller it is suitable to have a model of driver behavior. The approach in the thesis is to use system identification methodology to obtain dynamic models of driver behavior useful for ACC applications. Experiment with seven drivers participating in different traffic situations were performed both on public road and on a test track. Data analysis was made by means of system identification methodology, several models of drivers longitudinal behavior being proposed, including linear regression models, subspacebased models and behavioral models. The thesis also deals with detection of when a driver is changing his behavior in various situations to a deviant behavior. To that purpose, a GARCH model was used to model the driver in situations with timevarying behavior.
Fast footprint MIPmapping (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Fast footprint MIPmapping Authors: Tobias Hüttner WSI/GRIS, University of Tübingen WSI/GRIS, University of TübingenView Profile , Wolfgang Straßer WSI/GRIS, University of Tübingen WSI/GRIS, University of TübingenView Profile Authors Info & Claims HWWS '99: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardwareJuly 1999 Pages 35–44https://doi.org/10.1145/311534.311572Published:01 July 1999Publication History 11citation471DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads471Last 12 Months51Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Nonlinear temperature dependence of the crystal structure of lysozyme: correlation between coordinate shifts and thermal factors (2002)

The static and dynamic structures of human lysozyme at seven different temperatures ranging from 113 to 178 K were investigated by normal-mode refinement of the cryogenic X-ray diffraction data collected from a single crystal. Normal-mode refinement decomposes the mean-square fluctuations of protein atoms from their average position into the contributions from the internal degrees of freedom, which change the shape of the protein structure, and those from the external degrees of freedom, which generate rigid-body motions in the crystal. While at temperatures below 150 K the temperature dependence of the total mean-square fluctuations shows a small gradient similar to that predicted theoretically by normal-mode analysis, at temperatures above 150 K there is an apparent inflection in the temperature dependence with a higher gradient. The inflection in the temperature dependence at temperatures above 150 K occurs mostly in the external degrees of freedom. Possible causes for the dynamic transition are discussed with respect to the crystal packing and physicochemical properties of crystalline water.
682. Over-Expression of Follistatin-Like Protein Exacerbates Collagen Induced Arthritis (2005)

Follistatin-like protein (FSTL-1) is a secreted glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 40-55 KD that contains a follistatin-like domain. FSTL-1 was first isolated from a cDNA library of mouse osteoblastic cells as a transforming growth factor-|[beta]|1-inducible gene. Its function has not yet been fully elucidated. We found increased expression of FSTL-1 mRNA by microarray analysis of joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression along the margin of contact between the inflammatory synovium and eroding bone. The highest level of FSTL-1 expression was seen during the acute phase of CIA. To further investigate the role of FSTL-1 in arthritis, non-replicating adenoviral vectors encoding either the human or mouse FSTL-1 gene were administered intravenously to mice one week before the onset of arthritis. Both human and mouse FSTL-1 exacerbated arthritis. Mice receiving either vector developed earlier and more severe arthritis, compared to mice administered a control virus. Liver homogenates from mice administered FSTL-1 adenoviral vectors had increased IL-1|[beta]| levels. These results suggest that FSTL-1 is a pro-inflammatory molecule that might serve as a novel target for therapy of arthritis.
The mechanism of ATP-dependent RNA unwinding by DEAD box proteins (2009)

DEAD box proteins catalyze the ATP-dependent unwinding of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In addition, they facilitate protein displacement and remodeling of RNA or RNA/protein complexes. Their hallmark feature is local destabilization of RNA duplexes. Here, we summarize current data on the DEAD box protein mechanism and present a model for RNA unwinding that integrates recent data on the effect of ATP analogs and mutations on DEAD box protein activity. DEAD box proteins share a conserved helicase core with two flexibly linked RecA-like domains that contain all helicase signature motifs. Variable flanking regions contribute to substrate binding and modulate activity. In the presence of ATP and RNA, the helicase core adopts a compact, closed conformation with extensive interdomain contacts and high affinity for RNA. In the closed conformation, the RecA-like domains form a catalytic site for ATP hydrolysis and a continuous RNA binding site. A kink in the backbone of the bound RNA locally destabilizes the duplex. Rearrangement of this initial complex generates a hydrolysis- and unwinding-competent state. From this complex, the first RNA strand can dissociate. After ATP hydrolysis and phosphate release, the DEAD box protein returns to a low-affinity state for RNA. Dissociation of the second RNA strand and reopening of the cleft in the helicase core allow for further catalytic cycles.