gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of process variability and robust optimization of analog circuits (2008)

Continuous scaling of CMOS technology has enabled dramatic performance enhance-ment of CMOS devices and has provided speed, power, and density improvement in both digital and analog circuits. CMOS millimeter-wave applications operating at more than 50GHz frequencies has become viable in sub-100nm CMOS technolo-gies, providing advantages in cost and high density integration compared to other heterogeneous technologies such as SiGe and III-V compound semiconductors. However, as the operating frequency of CMOS circuits increases, it becomes more difficult to obtain sufficiently wide operating ranges for robust operation in essential analog building blocks such as voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and frequency dividers. The fluctuations of circuit parameters caused by the random and systematic variations in key manufacturing steps become more significant in nano-scale technolo-gies. The process variation of circuit performance is quickly becoming one of the main concerns in high performance analog design. In this thesis, we show design and analysis of a VCO and frequency divider op-
Process understanding of a wastewater batch reactor with block‐wise PLS (2007)

Abstract In this work a systematic methodology ‘ block‐wise PLS’ has been applied to thoroughly analyse data from a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated for biological phosphorus removal from wastewater. The aim of this study was to diagnose process variables (collected by the inexpensive and low‐maintenance sensors installed in the SBR) likely related to the main key indicator of process performance: the phosphorus removal efficiency (PRE), determined off‐line in the quality control laboratory. In this way, it is intended to aid the process operators in the detection of abnormal values of these critical variables which would indicate undesirable process performance, so that, they could act on the process to avoid the negative consequences of the disturbance as soon as possible. The results of this research clearly show that the applied methodology can be considered as an effective tool to diagnose the process and can contribute to achieve a better process understanding as well as to optimise the process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel multiple output grid-connected inverter based on DSP control (2008)

A novel DSP-based multiple output grid-connected inverter is proposed in this paper. Compared to conventional grid-connected inverter, the proposed grid-connected inverter can output various voltages by cascading or parallel connection of two inverters and with Digital Signal Processor (DSP) control. Stability and relative stability of the grid-connected inverter are unaffected in these two operation modes. Load current of these two inverters at parallel operation mode and load voltage of both at cascading operation mode can be shared. Operation principle and control strategy are analyzed in detail. A 1 kVA DSP-based cascading and parallel combined dual-buck half-bridge inverter has been established and tested. Experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.
Zur Stabilität senkrechter Schmelzzonen (1956)

Die Stabilitätsverhältnisse stationärer senkrechter Schmelzzonen. wie sie insbesondere beim tiegelfreien Zonenziehen auftreten, wurden theoretisch untersucht. Solange keine elektromagnetischen Kräfte wirken, ist die Form der Schmelzzonenoberfläche aus dem Gleichgewicht zwischen der Oberflächenspannung und dem von den Randbedingungen abhängigen hydrostatischen Innendruck bestimmt. Bei großem Unterschied zwischen oberem und unterem Stabradius tritt ein nahezu horizontaler Bereich der Flüssigkeitsoberfläche auf. Hierdurch ist der Innendruck festgelegt, so daß sich die maximale Länge der Schmelzzone in guter Näherung als Funktion der Stabradien angeben läßt. Komplizierter liegen die Verhältnisse bei gleichem oberen und unteren Stabradius; doch konnte durch verschiedene Näherungsmethoden ein guter Überblick über den Existenzbereich stabiler Schmelzzonen in Abhängigkeit vom Stabradius gewonnen werden.
Adenylate Kinase 2 Links Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism to the Induction of the Unfolded Protein Response (2010)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a homeostatic signaling mechanism that balances the protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with the secretory protein load of the cell. ER protein folding capacity is dependent on the abundance of chaperones, which is increased in response to UPR signaling, and on a sufficient ATP supply for their activity. An essential branch of the UPR entails the splicing of XBP1 mRNA to form the XBP1 transcription factor. XBP1 has been shown to be required during adipocyte differentiation, enabling mature adipocytes to secrete adiponectin, and during differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Here we find that adenylate kinase 2 (AK2), a mitochondrial enzyme that regulates adenine nucleotide interconversion within the intermembrane space, is markedly induced during adipocyte and B cell differentiation. Depletion of AK2 by RNAi impairs adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, IgM secretion in BCL1 cells, and the induction of the UPR during differentiation of both cell types. These results reveal a new mechanism by which mitochondria support ER function and suggest that specific mitochondrial defects may give rise to impaired UPR signaling. The requirement for AK2 for UPR induction may explain the pathogenesis of the profound hematopoietic defects of reticular dysgenesis, a disease associated with mutations of the AK2 gene in humans.
Programmable analog vector-matrix multipliers (1990)

A VLSI-compatible approach for vector-matrix multipliers consisting of a two-dimensional array of analog multiplier circuits with the weight matrix values capacitively stored as analog voltages is described. The performances of several MOSFET analog multiplier circuits, including the triode, differential pair, Gilbert, and modified Gilbert multiplier circuits, are evaluated. The weight retention characteristics of the capacitive storage approach are evaluated as a function of temperature with effective weight decay rates of 30 and 0.6 mV/s at room temperature measured for the single- and double-capacitor storage arrangements, respectively. The design approach for a 32*32 programmable vector-matrix multiplier circuit with an analog serial-to-parallel multiplexer for the input vector and an analog parallel-to-serial multiplexer for the output vector is described. An architecture for cascading the 32*32 vector-matrix multiplier circuits to implement multilevel artificial neural networks is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of non-culture diagnosis of invasive meningococcal disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (2003)

Antibiotic treatment prior to transport or admission to hospital has reduced the proportion of cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) from which Neisseria meningitidis can be isolated by standard microbiological techniques. Identification of meningococci by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was assessed in relation to microbiological diagnosis for cases over a 4-year period between 1998 and 2001. A screening assay for the IS1106 gene was used to detect meningococcal DNA and five additional assays for siaD and orf-2 genes were performed to determine the serogroup. PCR results were compared with results of bacteriological culture, other laboratory test results and clinical data. The sensitivity of the PCR assay for culture-confirmed cases was 98.5%. The specificity of the assay was 96% based on test results for patients from whom other bacteria were isolated, children with viral meningitis and afebrile negative controls. The siaD B/C/W-135 and Y as well as the orf-2 gene for serogroup A PCR assays were able to determine the serogroup for 75.2% of cases that were positive by PCR screening assay. When isolates from patients with IMD were tested by both agglutination and PCR, the results agreed in all cases. PCR is a useful tool for diagnosis of IMD when Gram stain and culture tests are negative due to antibiotic treatment prior to collection of samples for microbiological analyses.
The performance improvement of a photo card reader by the use of a high-integration chip solution with double FIFO buffers (2005)

The insufficient bandwidth of SDRAM access has created a bottleneck in the performance of displaying and processing when used in previous design of the photo card reader. In this paper, we propose three ways to overcome this drawback. First, we double the clock rate of the SDRAM operation to increase the amount of the memory bandwidth. Second, we use a dual port design of the SDRAM with a double buffer for the strip module to increase the usage efficiency of the bandwidth. Third, we also use a double buffer for the mem/spl I.bar/ctrl module to increase the usage efficiency of the bandwidth. Using the extra gate counts of double FIFO buffers results in an increase of 3.3% from the previous system. Our new design has an improvement in the processing speed of about 4.4 times for displaying photos.
Novel SUMO-Protease SENP7S Regulates β-catenin Signaling and Mammary Epithelial Cell Transformation (2017)

SUMO post-translational modification of proteins or SUMOylation ensures normal cell function. Disruption of SUMO dynamics prompts various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. The burden of deSUMOylating the large SUMO-proteome rests on 6 full-length mammalian SUMO-proteases or SENP. While multiple SENP isoforms exist, the function of these isoforms remains undefined. We now delineate the biological role of a novel SENP7 isoform SENP7S in mammary epithelial cells. SENP7S is the predominant SENP transcript in human mammary epithelia but is significantly reduced in precancerous ductal carcinoma in situ and all breast cancer subtypes. Like other SENP family members, SENP7S has SUMO isopeptidase activity but unlike full-length SENP7L, SENP7S is localized in the cytosol. In vivo, SUMOylated β-catenin and Axin1 are both SENP7S-substrates. With knockdown of SENP7S in mammary epithelial cells, Axin1-β-catenin interaction is lost and β-catenin escapes ubiquitylation-dependent proteasomal degradation. SUMOylated β-catenin accumulates at the chromatin and activates multiple oncogenes. Hence, non-tumorigenic MCF10-2A cells with reduced SENP7S exhibit greater cell proliferation and anchorage-dependent growth. SENP7S depletion directly potentiates tumorigenic properties of MCF10-2A cells with induction of anchorage-independent growth and self-renewal in 3D-spheroid conditions. Collectively, the results identify SENP7S as a novel mediator of β-catenin signaling and normal mammary epithelial cell physiology.
A kinetic analysis of immune mediators in the lungs of mice infected with vaccinia virus and comparison with intradermal infection (2003)

The early inflammatory response to a virus may be critical in restricting infection and in shaping the subsequent adaptive immune response. In this study we have examined the early inflammatory response of mice following infection with vaccinia virus (VV) strain Western Reserve (WR). Respiratory challenge of BALB/c mice with VV led to early virus replication in the lung and upper respiratory tract followed by dissemination of virus to other visceral organs and to the brain. The number of inflammatory cells, largely macrophages and T lymphocytes, recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid increased markedly during infection and coincided with the expression of CC chemokine ligands (CCL) 3, 2 and 11 and CXC chemokine ligands (CXCL) 1 and 2/3 in BAL. The peak of the inflammatory response occurred around day 10 and declined thereafter. The antiviral cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and the reactive nitrogen intermediate nitric oxide (NO), were also detected in BAL from VV-infected mice. A markedly different inflammatory response was observed after intradermal inoculation of WR into the ear pinnae of mice. Intradermal challenge was followed by highly localized virus replication and by a cellular influx, consisting largely of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, into the dermal compartment of the infected ear. Together these findings highlight differences in the pathogenesis and in the cellular inflammatory response to WR following intranasal and intradermal inoculation of mice.
Applying Design Patterns (2005)

Design patterns capture recurring patterns of object-oriented design. This tutorial will provide a perspective on what it’s like to design and implement applications against a backdrop of design patterns. Furthermore, by carrying the designs through to implementation, we will demonstrate the way in which design patterns may or may not be reflected directly in the implementation. We will discuss issues of re-usability and suggest benefits in adopting implementation schemes that faithfully reflect the original design patterns.
High-accuracy range-sensing system based on FMCW using low-cost VCSEL (2018)

Long-range shape measurement with high accuracy is needed for precision manufacturing of large-scale parts such as turbines, compressors, and trains. We have developed a high-accuracy ranging system based on frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) technology. Our system has two unique features. First, it achieves high-accuracy range measurement by directly modulating a low-cost vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) at high sweep rates. The nonlinearity of the optical frequency sweep is compensated for by resampling through a reference interferometer. Second, an optical fiber with multiple fiber Bragg grating (FBG) structures is used for distance calibration. Ranging accuracy better than 10 μm is achieved at 2 m distance. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of 10-cubic-meter volume has been obtained by combining the FMCW ranging with a galvanometer scanner.
Glassing Characteristics of Low‐Alloy Steels (1961)

Thermal‐expansion, stress‐temperature, and thermal‐shock tests were conducted on glassed low‐alloy and plain‐carbon steels. The addition of alloying elements increases the hardenability and strength of the steels but lowers the austenite‐to‐ferrite transformation temperature, thus decreasing the residual compressive stress in the glass coating and therefore its resistance to thermal shock. It is shown that D 1 , the calculated hardenability index, may be correlated with certain physical properties of the glass‐steel composites.
Endosomal Toll-like receptors in autoimmunity: mechanisms for clinical diversity (2009)

The endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Their signaling pathways show remarkable similarities and yet the outcomes following activation of each of these TLRs lead to clinically distinct autoimmune disease phenotypes. This review discusses how differences may arise at a molecular and cellular level to account for this diversity of responses. Understanding the roles of individual TLR pathways and the relationships between them and non-TLR innate immune pathways in the pathogenesis of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis highlights potential treatment targets for this spectrum of autoimmune diseases.
Purification and characterization of xylanases from alkalophilic thermophilic Bacillus spp. (1985)

Journal Article Purification and Characterization of Xylanases from Alkalophilic Thermophilic Bacillus spp. Get access Wataru Okazaki, Wataru Okazaki Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teruhiko Akiba, Teruhiko Akiba The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koki Horikoshi, Koki Horikoshi The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryoichi Akahoshi Ryoichi Akahoshi Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 7, 1 July 1985, Pages 2033–2039, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867034 Published: 01 July 1985 Article history Received: 11 October 1984 Published: 01 July 1985
Recruitment of apical dendritic T‐type Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> channels by backpropagating spikes underlies <i>de novo</i> intrinsic bursting in hippocampal epileptogenesis (2007)

A single episode of status epilepticus (SE) induced in rodents by the convulsant pilocarpine, produces, after a latent period of > or = 2 weeks, a chronic epileptic condition. During the latent period of epileptogenesis, most CA1 pyramidal cells that normally fire in a regular pattern, acquire low-threshold bursting behaviour, generating high-frequency clusters of 3-5 spikes as their minimal response to depolarizing stimuli. Recruitment of a Ni(2+)- and amiloride-sensitive T-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaT)), shown to be up-regulated after SE, plays a critical role in burst generation in most cases. Several lines of evidence suggest that I(CaT) driving bursting is located in the apical dendrites. Thus, bursting was suppressed by focally applying Ni(2+) to the apical dendrites, but not to the soma. It was also suppressed by applying either tetrodotoxin or the K(V)7/M-type K(+) channel agonist retigabine to the apical dendrites. Severing the distal apical dendrites approximately 150 microm from the pyramidal layer also abolished this activity. Intradendritic recordings indicated that evoked bursts are associated with local Ni(2+)-sensitive slow spikes. Blocking persistent Na(+) current did not modify bursting in most cases. We conclude that SE-induced increase in I(CaT) density in the apical dendrites facilitates their depolarization by the backpropagating somatic spike. The I(CaT)-driven dendritic depolarization, in turn, spreads towards the soma, initiating another backpropagating spike, and so forth, thereby creating a spike burst. The early appearance and predominance of I(CaT)-driven low-threshold bursting in CA1 pyramidal cells that experienced SE most probably contribute to the emergence of abnormal network discharges and may also play a role in the circuitry reorganization associated with epileptogenesis.
Durability of the wettability properties of a polypropylene film with a low‐pressure CH<sub>4</sub>–O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment (2008)

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the durability of a polypropylene film plasma‐treated with an 80 : 20 methane–oxygen gas mixture. Three different storage conditions were used to evaluate the influence of the relative humidity and temperature on the aging process. The surface functionalization of the polypropylene film was analyzed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and the variations of the surface energy and its polar and dispersive components were also investigated. The effects of this plasma treatment were similar to those of a plasma polymerization process, the ablation and polymerization mechanisms taking place simultaneously at the treated surface, but in this case, we obtained hydrophilic properties. The obtained results indicated an improvement of wettability and high durability of the plasma‐treated polypropylene film. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Interventions for preventing neuropathy caused by cisplatin and related compounds (2011)

At present, the data are insufficient to conclude that any of the purported chemoprotective agents (acetylcysteine, amifostine, calcium and magnesium, diethyldithiocarbamate, glutathione, Org 2766, oxycarbazepine, or Vitamin E) prevent or limit the neurotoxicity of platin drugs among human patients.
Molecular rectifier (1993)

Current density-voltage characteristics are presented for a molecular structure of the form metal/organic-multilayer/metal for which the rectifierlike forward bias current density dependence is unequivocally associated with zwitterionic molecules. By placing passive organic barriers between the metal layers and the active molecules we prove that Schottky barrier effects are not important. This is the clearest evidence so far for molecularly controlled rectification, the basis for molecular electronics.
Human cadaver retina model for retinal heating during corneal surgery with a femtosecond laser (2014)

Femtosecond lasers are widely used in everyday clinical procedures to perform minimally invasive corneal refractive surgery. The intralase femtosecond laser (AMO Corp. Santa Ana, CA) is a common example of such a laser. In the present study a numerical simulation was developed to quantify the temperature rise in the retina during femtosecond intracorneal surgery. Also, ex-vivo retinal heating due to laser irradiation was measured with an infrared thermal camera (Fluke Corp. Everett, WA) as a validation of the simulation. A computer simulation was developed using Comsol Multiphysics to calculate the temperature rise in the cadaver retina during femtosecond laser corneal surgery. The simulation showed a temperature rise of less than 0.3 degrees for realistic pulse energies for the various repetition rates. Human cadaver retinas were irradiated with a 150 kHz Intralase femtosecond laser and the temperature rise was measured withan infrared thermal camera. Thermal camera measurements are in agreement with the simulation. During routine femtosecond laser corneal surgery with normal clinical parameters, the temperature rise is well beneath the threshold for retina damage. The simulation predictions are in agreement with thermal measurements providing a level of experimental validation.
Magnetic resonance determination of the antiferromagnetic coupling of Fe layers through Cr (1989)

Variable frequency ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) has been used to directly observe the coupled resonance modes in single-crystal Fe/Cr/Fe(001) sandwiches grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Magnetization M and magnetoresistance measurements also were carried out on these samples, which exhibited antiferromagnetic (AF) layer alignment for 12 A\r{}<t(Cr)25 A\r{}. The FMR data reveal two resonance modes with complex frequency dependences for the AF-aligned samples. The detailed FMR and M vs H behavior can be quantitatively explained by an AF coupling parameter J which has a thickness dependence peaked about t(Cr)=16 A\r{}.
RESAR: Reliable storage at exabyte scale reconsidered (2017)

Stored data needs to be protected against device failure and irrecoverable sector read errors, yet doing so at exabyte scale can be challenging because of the large number of failures that must be handled. We have developed and presented RESAR (Robust, Efficient, Scalable, Autonomous, Reliable) storage, an approach to storage system redundancy that only uses XOR-based parity and employs a graph to lay out data and parity [5]. Here we add to our prior work by giving a proof of our analytic results for RESAR reliability. The results presented here are valid for any size RESAR layouts and allow us to make an exact comparison of spiral RESAR robustness with an equivalent RAID 6 disk array.
Case 13-2012 (2012)

A 62-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of paresthesias, weight loss, jaundice, and anemia. Diagnostic test results were received.