gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EUV pattern shift compensation strategies (2008)

EUV lithography is one of the hot candidates for the 22nm node. A well known phenomenon in EUV lithography is the impact of non-telecentricity and the mask topography on printing performance. Due to oblique illumination of the mask, layout, the printed features are shifted and biased on the wafer with respect to their target dimension up to several nanometers. This effect is inherent to EUV imaging systems. In order to maintain CDU, overlay and registration requirements, these effects need to be compensated for as part of the lithographic manufacturing process. Conventional compensation techniques, such as OPC compensation, significantly increase the complexity of the litho process. In this paper we discuss pattern shift, which is induced by mask-side non-telecentricity of the EUV ring field system. In particular, we show how the mask position relative to the focal plane of the projection system impacts pattern shift. It is shown that mask focus shift allows for a compensation of pattern shift, independent on angle of incidence, pattern type, pattern pitch, pattern orientation, and slit position. Thus it is seen that placement error is not an effect related to mask topography (not a shadowing effect) but arises purely from the mask non-telecentricity. A geometric interpretation of this effect is given and shown to be consistent with results of rigorous simulations. A method to simulate the shift of the mask focus position is briefly discussed. The mask focus shift for which the pattern shift vanishes in the aerial wafer image at best focus is determined using rigorous simulations. The amount of mask focus shift to compensate for the pattern shift is found to be approximately 136nm. This mask focus shift is then applied to investigate the through focus and dose behavior of the pattern shift in the resist. It is shown that the pattern shift is a function of wafer focus position and that this is a result of the image tilt in EUV systems. While the pattern shift is fully compensated at one wafer focus position, the shift at other positions is very small. The impact of the mask focus position on process window is investigated.
Real-time planning with primitives for dynamic walking over uneven terrain (2014)

We present an algorithm for receding-horizon motion planning using a finite family of motion primitives for underactuated dynamic walking over uneven terrain. The motion primitives are defined as virtual holonomic constraints, and the special structure of underactuated mechanical systems operating subject to virtual constraints is used to construct closed-form solutions and a special binary search tree that dramatically speed up motion planning. We propose a greedy depth-first search and discuss improvement using energy-based heuristics. The resulting algorithm can plan several footsteps ahead in a fraction of a second for both the compass-gait walker and a planar 7-Degree-of-freedom/five-link walker.
Determination of phosphorus in edible oils by inductively coupled plasma—Atomic emission spectrometry and oil‐in‐water emulsion of sample introduction (2000)

Abstract The determination of phosphous was carried out using emulsion sample preparation followed by analysis by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry. The optimal oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsion and surfactant concentrations were found by applying response surface methodology. Two phosphorus emission lines were tested. Ethoxynonylphenol was a good choice for the emulsion preparation. The optimal concentration for the oil in the o/w emulsion and the surfactant concentrations were ca. 8.0–37% w/w and ca. 1.0–10% w/w ethoxynonylphenol, respectively, for the 213.620 nm line; and an oil phase emulsion concentration between ca. 18–32% w/w and ca. 3–8% w/w ethoxynonylphenol for the 214.911 nm emission line. Good agreement was found between calibration curves for emulsified aqueous standards solutions and o/w emulsions. The use of aqueous standards for calibration purposes is a good addition in the analysis of this type of oil sample where certified standards are not available. Recoveries ranged from 98 to 105% and from 102 to 116% for the 213 and 214 nm lines, respectively with relative standard deviations lower than 7%.
Lethal atherosclerosis associated with abnormal plasma and tissue sterol composition in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis. (1985)

Tissue sterol composition was determined in an 18-year-old male with sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis who died suddenly and whose coronary and aortic vessels showed extensive atherosclerosis and, for comparison, in an 18-year-old male with minimal atherosclerosis who died accidently. Sterols in the control tissues (plasma, erythrocytes, cardiac muscle, lung, liver, aorta, and brain) contained cholesterol with only trace amounts of cholestanol. In contrast, sterols in corresponding tissues of the sitosterolemic subject (except brain) were composed of cholesterol, increased amounts of plant sterols, campesterol and sitosterol, and 5 alpha-saturated stanols, cholestanol, 5 alpha-campestanol, and 5 alpha-sitostanol, that were deposited in approximately the same ratio as present in plasma. However, sitosterolemic brain sterol composition resembled that of the control brain with cholesterol and only trace amounts (less than 1%) of cholestanol and phytosterols. The sitosterolemic aorta was extensively atherosclerotic and contained more than twice the quantity of sterols as the control aorta (5.6 mg/g versus 2.6 mg/g) with increased amounts of cholesterol, plant sterols, and 5 alpha-saturated stanols. These results indicate that cholesterol, plant sterols, and 5 alpha-stanols are deposited prematurely and are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in subjects with sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis.
Design of a compact and ultrahigh-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometer (2017)

In this work, a compact and ultrahigh-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometer design is presented which is in great demand in numerous areas. The spectrometer is formed by sequentially-activated 60 Mach-Zehnder interferometers that are connected to photodetectors through very-low-loss beam combiners based on two-mode interference. The long optical delays are provided by tapping the propagating light out at certain locations on the optical waveguides by using electro-optically-controlled directional couplers. A design example with a spectral resolution of 500 MHz (~1 pm) and bandwidth of 15 GHz is presented for a device size of only 2 cm × 0.5 cm (1 cm<sup>2</sup>).
Regulation of the cross-bridge transition from a weakly to strongly bound state in skinned rabbit muscle fibers (1995)

The regulation of cross-bridge transition from weakly attached to force-bearing states was studied at 10 degrees C in skinned muscle fibers by measuring the rate of force development after a quick release-restretch cycle (ktr), the rate of force decline (kPi) after photogeneration of Pi from caged Pi, and stiffness in the presence and absence of an inhibitor of strong cross-bridge formation, 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). Both BDM and Pi suppressed force more than stiffness. However, reduction of Ca2+ suppressed force and stiffness in a parallel fashion. Both ktr and kPi were reversibly reduced (by 30-35%) in 3 mM BDM, but both were increased by increasing Pi concentration. Reduction of Ca2+ concentration to match the force seen in 3 mM BDM had no effect on kPi but decreased ktr by 85%. These results are inconsistent with cross-bridge models undergoing the transition from a weakly bound to a force-generating state in a single step but are consistent with a model having two steps, one of which is controlled by pCa.
Tapping into knowledge base for concept feedback (2012)

Query expansion is an important and commonly used technique for improving Web search results. Existing methods for query expansion have mostly relied on global or local analysis of document collection, click-through data, or simple ontologies such as WordNet. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic study of the methods leveraging the ConceptNet knowledge base, an emerging new Web resource, for query expansion. Specifically, we focus on the methods leveraging ConceptNet to improve the search results for poorly performing (or difficult) queries. Unlike other lexico-semantic resources, such as WordNet and Wikipedia, which have been extensively studied in the past, ConceptNet features a graph-based representation model of commonsense knowledge, in which the terms are conceptually related through rich relational ontology. Such representation structure enables complex, multi-step inferences between the concepts, which can be applied to query expansion. We first demonstrate through simulation experiments that expanding queries with the related concepts from ConceptNet has great potential for improving the search results for difficult queries. We then propose and study several supervised and unsupervised methods for selecting the concepts from ConceptNet for automatic query expansion. The experimental results on multiple data sets indicate that the proposed methods can effectively leverage ConceptNet to improve the retrieval performance of difficult queries both when used in isolation as well as in combination with pseudo-relevance feedback.
RF filters and multiplexers based on acoustic wave technologies with ladder-type and cross-coupled topologies (2016)

La tecnologia mobil ha emergit com la plataforma de major exit per a la implantacio de serveis innovadors i aplicacions d'usuari tant des d'un punt de vista tecnologic com economic. Els dispositius mobils estan modiﬁcant els habits de comportament de les persones i veiem continuament com, en aquest sentit, la nostra societat millora dia a dia. Amb la xarxa 4G en ple proces de desplegament i els futurs estandards 5G en ple desenvolupament, la demanda global per al servei de dades de banda ampla ha estat sotmesa a un cicle de creixement imparable. I continuara aixi alimentat per la ubiquitat del servei, segons les previsions del Cisco. El mes important es que aquest creixement indubtablement demostra la importancia de la banda ampla per als ciutadans, la societat i l'economia, mentre dibuixa un gran repte als proveidors de serveis de xarxa. L'objectiu d'aquest treball esta centrat en el desenvolupament de tecniques de sintesi per al disseny de dispositius ﬁltrants basats en tecnologies micro-acustiques, enfocant aixi el gran repte de gestio de l'espectre frequencial en el segment d'usuari. En general, el disseny d'aquest tipus de dispositius es basa en tecniques d'optimitzacio degut a les rigoroses limitacions imposades per la viabilitat tecnologica dels ressonadors acustics, aixi com a les exigents especiﬁcacions de rendiment del dispositiu. Es per aquests motius que el disseny i fabricacio de ﬁltres i duplexors basats en tecnologia acustica creen un gran repte cada cop mes dificil d'assolir. En aquest treball es proporcionen metodologies sistematiques enfocades en millorar i fer mes eﬁcient el disseny de dispositius ﬁltrants basats en ressonadors acustics. El mes important durant el disseny de ﬁltres i duplexors basats en tecnologia acustica es que els ressonadors siguin viables tecnologicament. Les diferents metodologies presentades en aquest treball son utils per a la sintesi de topologies en escalera o xarxes amb acoblaments creuats on la viabilitat tecnologica es un requisit indispensable en totes les solucions proporcionades. El coeﬁcient d'acoblament de cada ressonador, les frequencies de ressonancia, el factor de qualitat, l'energia emmagatzemada, o l'area del xip son parametres que es tenen en compte durant el disseny d'aquest tipus de dispositius. Mitjancant les tecniques de sintesi proporcionades en aquest treball, no nomes es controlen analiticament aquestes restriccions, sino que s'obtenen resultats optims en el minim temps i cost computacional. L'us d'aquestes tecniques, a mes, permet un control dels parametres de fase essencial per al disseny de multiplexors, els quals estan en el punt de mira com a dispositiu indispensable dins les capcaleres dels futurs sistemes sense ﬁls preparats per treballar amb el protocol de Carrier Aggregation dins els estandards 4G-Advanced i 5G. Dispositius ﬁltrants, duplexors i multiplexors viables tecnologicament i complint amb les especiﬁcacions de mascara frequencials son resultat de l'us de les metodologies proposades en aquest treball.
Human Placental Lhrh Receptor: Agonist and Antagonist Labeling Produces Differences in the Size of the Non-Denatured, Solubilized Receptor (1988)

Membranes of human term placenta were labeled with several photosensitive and non-photosensitive analogues of LHRH. In both groups agonistic and antagonistic peptide structures were tested. The photolabeling amino acid azidophenylalanine was placed either in positions 2, 6 or 7. All compounds were specifically displacing iodinated Buserelin from human placental membranes and from rat pituitary membranes. The iodinated photolabels were displaced by cold Buserelin, some compounds however had a high non-specific binding. Photolabeling experiments on human placental membranes with radioactive photolabels produced all a band at 58,000 daltons in SDS-gel electrophoresis. Solubilization with a non-denaturing detergent and gel filtration produced a major radioactivity peak which was attributed to the LHRH receptor. All labeling experiments with agonist labels produced Kav's indifferent from each other but significantly different from the Kav's of antagonist labeled membranes. This result was confirmed with similar experiments carried out with radioactive Buserelin and a radioactive antagonist under non-photolytic conditions. It is therefore concluded that the placental LHRH receptor contains an LHRH binding component of 58,000 daltons but that the native receptor is composed of several proteins. It is also concluded that agonist occupation of the receptor induces the association of a further component which might be involved in the transmembrane signalling system. The agonist labeled, solubilized native LHRH receptor has a Stokes radius of 52 A and the same, antagonist labeled receptor a radius of 48 A.
The value of high-dose systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal therapy for central nervous system prophylaxis in different risk groups of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1995)

Although central nervous system (CNS) leukemic relapse is frequent in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), the need for prophylaxis in different risk groups for CNS relapse, the value of high-dose systemic and intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy, and the timing of prophylaxis are not well defined. This analysis was conducted to investigate these questions and to assess the value of a risk-oriented CNS prophylaxis approach. We analyzed the incidence of CNS leukemia after initiation of therapy in patients treated on 4 consecutive trials for adult ALL including different CNS prophylactic modalities. The treatment groups included (1) the program preceeding the vincristine-Adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD) regimen, with no CNS prophylaxis; (2) the VAD regimen with prophylaxis using high-dose systemic chemotherapy; (3) the modified VAD program with high-dose systemic chemotherapy to all patients and IT chemotherapy for high-risk patients after achieving complete remission; and (4) the hyperCVAD program with early high-dose systemic and IT chemotherapy starting during induction to all patients, with more IT injections (16IT) administered to the high-risk group for CNS relapse compared with the low-risk group (4IT). A total of 391 patients were included, 73 of whom were treated with preVAD, 112 with VAD, 114 with modified VAD, and 92 with hyperCVAD. The overall CNS relapse rates were 31%, 18%, 17%, and 3%, respectively for the 4 groups (P < .001). For the high-risk group for CNS relapse, they were 42%, 26%, 20%, and 2%, respectively (P < .001). The differences in CNS relapse rates in the low-risk group were not statistically significant. At 3 years, the overall CNS leukemia event-free rates were 48%, 76%, and 98%, respectively (P < .001). In the high-risk group, the CNS event-free rates were 38%, 66%, 75%, and 98%, respectively (P < .001); however, there was no difference in the low-risk group. We conclude that (1) high-dose systemic chemotherapy is a useful prophylactic measure; (2) early IT chemotherapy is necessary to reduce the incidence of CNS leukemia overall and in the high-risk group; and (3) a risk-oriented approach is appropriate to tailor the intensity of CNS prophylaxis.
An extension of Information-Centric Networking for IoT applications (2017)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is getting noticed as an emerging network technology. Due to its attractive features such as accessing content by its name, in-network caching, etc., it is expected to apply to Internet of Things (IoT). IoT applications typically collect a large amount of data widely distributed in various locations. In conventional ICN, it is not easy to access such data because each name for desired data needs to be specified beforehand and the number of requests for data becomes so large. In this paper, we propose a network architecture for IoT applications by an extension of ICN, namely Keyword-Based Content Retrieval (KBCR). When KBCR node receives a request with some keywords, it spreads multiple requests towards the data related to the keywords. When the node receives the multiple responses, it merges them into one response. This process is carried out on multiple nodes in tandem manner over the network. Hence, the requester can receive the aggregated data in one response and the number of request/response messages is reduced. This paper describes the concept of KBCR, a typical IoT application example, the detail of KBCR behavior for the application example, and finally shows the advantage of the proposal by numerical analysis.
Strain transferring of embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors (2005)

The relationship between the strains measured by a fiber Bragg grating sensor and the actual structural strains is deduced, then the average strain transfer rate computed by the formulation developed in this paper is compared with available experimental data. The critical adherence length of an optical fiber sensor is determined by a strain lag parameter, which contains both the effects of the geometry and the relative stiffness of the structural components. The analyses shows that the critical adherence length of a fiber sensing segment is the minimum length with which the fiber has to be tightly glued to a structure for adequate sensing. The strain transfer rate of an optical fiber sensor embedded in a multi-layered structure is developed in a similar way, and the factors that influence the efficiency of optical fiber sensor strain transferring are discussed. It is concluded that the strains, sensed by a fiber Bragg grating, have to be magnified by a factor (strain transfer rate) to equal exactly to the actual structural strains.
Anaphylaxis to grand keyhole limpet (abalone-like shellfish) and abalone. (1990)

We report five patients who developed moderate to severe anaphylactic reactions induced by the ingestion of grand keyhole limpet (GKL) and abalone. Specific IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to these shellfish was demonstrated by history, prick skin test, and RAST. RAST inhibition technique revealed the cross-antigenicity between GKL, abalone, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
Rapid synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides: a new solid-phase method (1977)

A method is described that makes use of a new polyamide resin for the rapid synthesis of short oligodeoxyribonucleotides. The method is illustrated by the preparation of two heptadeoxyribonucleotides, d(pT6-C) and d(pC-A-G-T-G-A-T) using a phosphodiester approach. A further development involved use of phenyl isocyanate as an in situ drying agent, which obviated the need for solvent co-evaporation prior tothe internucleotidic coupling steps. Improved fractionation of thymidyl oligonucleotides was obtained by use of a new microparticulate, silica-based anion-exchanger.
Comparative effectiveness of open versus minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion (2014)

The open and MIS sacroiliac joint fusion techniques resulted in statistically and clinically significant improvement for patients with degenerative sacroiliitis refractory to nonoperative management. However, the number of patients reaching the minimal clinically important difference and those showing overall improvement were greater in the MIS group.
Fiber optic beam combiner for multiple-telescope interferometry (1990)

We have constructed a five-telescope beam combiner composed of standard single-mode fiber optics and directional couplers. The device has good thermal and polarization stability, high throughput, and allows simultaneous measurement of all 10 possible interference pairs. It is connected to a small five-telescope interferometer, which is used to make synthetic aperture images.
How cellular slime molds evade nematodes. (1996)

We have found a predator-prey association between the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and the free soil living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans feeds on the amoebae and multiplies indefinitely when amoebae are the sole food source. In an environment created from soil, D. discoideum grows and develops, but not in the presence of C. elegans. During development, C. elegans feeds on amoebae until they aggregate and synthesize an extracellular matrix called the slime sheath. After the sheath forms, the aggregate and slug are protected. Adult nematodes ingest Dictyostelium spores, which pass through the gut of the worm without loss of structure and remain viable. Nematodes kill the amoebae but disperse the spores. The sheath that is constructed when the social amoebae aggregate and the spore coats of the individual cells may protect against this predator. Individual amoebae may also protect themselves by secreting compounds that repel nematodes.
Repair of a long nerve defect with a tissue - engineered bioartificial nerve graft: a preliminary report (2001)

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a tissue - engineered artificial nerve on bridging sciatic nerve defect 2.5 cm in length in rats. Methods 90 female Lewis 1W rats aged 2 months were randomly divided into three groups, with 30 in each. Three types of materials were used as graft: group A, collagen nerve tubes with an intrinsic framework seeded with syngeneic Schwann cells, which were referred as tissue - engineered artificial nerves; group B, collagen nerve tubes filled with an intrinsic framework without Schwann cells; and group C, nerve autografts. Six months later, a series of examinations were performed as follows: electrophysiological testing, hisotological staining of nerves and muscles, S - 100 and neurofilament immunostaining as well as axon counts.Results Until now, the assessment has been finished in 21 rats (7 rats in each group). A significant compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was evoked in anterior tibial muscle in group A and C. Regenerated axons were observed in the whole length of nerve grafts, with mild atrophy of their innervating muscles. On the contrary, nothing or only a tiny CMAP was recorded in group B. The distal parts of nerve grafts were filled with fibrotic tissue, while regenerated axons were rarely seen. There was a significant atrophy of the related muscles. Conclusions Our preliminary results demonstrated that the tissue - engineered artificial nerve could effectively repair a long nerve defect in rats.