gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Keyword extraction rules based on a part-of-speech hierarchy (2008)

In this paper, we set out to present an original rule learning algorithm for symbolic Natural Language Processing (NLP), designed to learn the rules of extraction of keywords marked in its training sentences. What really sets our methodology apart from other recent developments in the field of NLP is the implementation of a hierarchy of parts-of-speech at the very core of the algorithm. This makes the rules dependent only on the sentence's structure rather than on context and domain-specific information. The theoretical development and the experimental results support the conclusion that this improved methodology can be used to obtain an in-depth analysis of the text without being limited to a single domain of application. Consequently, it has the advantage of outperforming both traditional statistical and symbolic NLP methodologies.
Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (2010)

Contrast agents are increasingly being used to characterize the vasculature in an organ of interest, to better delineate benign from malignant pathology and to aid in staging and directing therapeutic procedures. We review the mechanisms of action of first, second and third generation contrast agents and their use in various endoscopic procedures in the gastrointestinal tract. Various applications of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography include differentiating benign from malignant mediastinal lymphadenopathy, assessment of depth of invasion of esophageal, gastric and gall bladder cancers and visualization of the portal venous system and esophageal varices. In addition, contrast agents can be used to differentiate pancreatic lesions. The use of color Doppler further increases the ability to diagnose and differentiate various pancreatic malignancies. The sensitivity of power Doppler sonography to depict tumor neovascularization can be increased by contrast agents. Contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging is a useful aid in identifying the tumor vasculature and studying pancreatic microperfusion. In the future, these techniques could potentially be used to quantify tumor perfusion, to assess and monitor the efficacy of antiangiogenic agents, to assist targeted drug delivery and allow molecular imaging.
Spin-wave excitations in ribbon-shaped Fe nanoparticles (2004)

It has been found that in highly anisometric ribbon-shaped Fe particles with nanoscale dimensions that the magnetization decreases with temperature markedly faster than in bulk bcc Fe. This anomalous dependence, which becomes more remarkable as the length-to-cross section ratio increases, arises from the elongated shape of the particles. The analytical approximation performed on the thermal spectrum of magnons, compatible with the sample dimensions, unravels the correlated influences of shape and size on the thermal decreasing rate of magnetization.
Complex formation with pentraxin-2 regulates factor X plasma levels and macrophage interactions (2017)

Recently, we have identified scavenger receptor class A member I (SR-AI) as a receptor for coagulation factor X (FX), mediating the formation of an FX reservoir at the macrophage surface. Here, we demonstrate that the FX/SR-AI-complex comprises a third protein, pentraxin-2 (PTX2). The presence of PTX2 is essential to prevent internalization of FX by SR-AI, and the presence of FX is needed to interfere with internalization of PTX2. Binding studies showed that FX, SR-AI, and PTX2 independently bind to each other (<i>K</i><sub>D,app</sub>: 0.2-0.7 μM). Surprisingly, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that FX and PTX2 circulate as a complex in plasma, and complex formation involves the FX activation peptide. No binding of PTX2 to other vitamin K-dependent proteins was observed. Short hairpin RNA-mediated inhibition of PTX2 levels in mice resulted not only in reduced levels of PTX2, but also in similarly reduced FX levels. Moreover, PTX2 and FX levels were correspondingly reduced in SR-AI-deficient mice. Analysis of 71 human plasma samples uncovered a strong correlation between FX and PTX2 plasma levels. Furthermore, plasma samples of patients with reduced FX levels (congenital/acquired FX deficiency or after anti-vitamin K treatment) were characterized by concomitantly decreased PTX2 levels. In conclusion, we identified PTX2 as a novel partner for FX, and both proteins cooperate to prevent their SR-AI-mediated uptake by macrophages. Interestingly, their respective plasma levels are interdependent. These findings seem of relevance in perspective of ongoing clinical trials, in which plasma depletion of PTX2 is used as a therapeutical approach in the management of systemic amyloidosis.
Amplification and overexpression of the MDM2 gene in a subset of human malignant gliomas without p53 mutations. (1993)

The MDM2 (murine double minute 2) gene has recently been shown to code for a cellular protein that can complex the p53 tumor suppressor gene product and inhibit its function. We studied a series of 157 primary brain tumors and report here that the MDM2 gene is amplified and overexpressed in 8-10% of glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas. Thus, MDM2 represents the second most frequently amplified gene after the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in these tumor types. Sequencing of the p53 transcripts in the cases with MDM2 amplification revealed no mutations and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed, with one exception, no losses of alleles on chromosome 17. Our results indicate that amplification and overexpression of MDM2 may be an alternative molecular mechanism by which a subset of human malignant gliomas escapes from p53-regulated growth control.
Single-dose Treatment of Oxyuriasis with Pyrvinium Embonate (1962)

curvature ulcer after 10 weeks on 1-4delta-methy1hydrocortisone; a barium-meal examination just prior to treatment showed nothing abnormal. With this point in mind I have examined the case histories of all patients with gastric ulcer confirmed by barium-meal examination in the x-ray department of the Radcliffe Infirmary during the four years 1957-61. During this period there were two lesser-curvature steroid ulcers, as well as three of the greater-curvature steroid ulcers mentioned in this article. The above facts suggest that steroids are a frequent cause of greater-curvature ulcers. It is there- fore important for the radiologist to examine the greater curvature very carefully in patients who are taking steroids; bearing in mind that it is often more difficult to detect ulcers at this site in view of the tendency of barium to " pocket " between the coarser mucosal folds along the greater curvature. An ulcer crater may be dismissed as such a " pocket," as happened in Case 2. Summary Four cases of steroid-induced benign greater- curvature gastric ulcers are recorded. There is evidence to suggest that m patients on steroid therapy there is a greater tendency to form ulcers on the greater curvature. Greater-curvature steroid ulcers form a group of greater-curvature ulcers which may be diagnosed as such radiologically and are without exception benign.
Predictive Menu Selection on a Mobile Phone (2005)

Abstract. A mobile phone is often characterised by its limited user interface. We consider applying a machine learning approach to improve the usability of a mobile phone’s interface. We present an approach that predicts a user’s menu selection on a mobile phone. The learning approach consists of a highly restricted set of hypotheses. A restricted set of hypotheses allows both the learner to operate efficiently within the limited hardware resources of a mobile phone and learn concepts quickly from a small training set. We compare our approach with alternative menu prediction approaches in a simulation. Also a modified Nokia TM Series 60 mobile phone address book application was developed to incorporate our menu prediction approach. A user evaluation of this implementation shows that our predictive menu selection approach has the potential to reduce the number of key presses a user makes. 1
A method for characterization of long–chain branched polymers by GPC and intrinsic viscosity (1973)

Abstract The authors previously reported a method for molecular weight and long‐chain branching distributions using GPC and intrinsic viscosity measurements on whole polymer and fractions [1]. The method does not require prior knowledge of the functional relationship between branching frequency and molecular weight. Applications included “randomly” branched polymers, prepared by free radical initiation, and anionically polymerized macromolecules branched by various techniques leading to specific distributions of branches. Additional examples are given in the present report. The technique has been applied both without and with GPC band spreading correction. The effect of this correction on the resulting estimate of the long‐chain branching distribution is insignificant. When the method is applied to whole polymer only (without preparative fractionation), an average branching factor is obtained, which serves as a useful partial characterization of long‐chain branching. Use of this alternative is discussed and illustrated with examples of low and high density polyethylene, branched styrene‐butadiene block copolymers, star‐branched polybutadiene and others. For the special case of statistically random branching, the average branching factor may be converted to a branching frequency by a straightforward computer program, leading to a description of branching similar to that of Drott and Mendelson [2].
Improving Onsite Scheduling: Looking Into the Limits of the Last Planner System (2013)

Scheduling in onsite construction is complex. Last Planner System (LPS) has been successfully implemented at construction projects to handle variation and to increase schedule reliability. By focussing on fulfilment of preconditions to the individual activity the number of non-completions has decreased. In an attempt to refine the system and to build on to the success of LPS, the scheduling system has been studied and discussed. The research is based on four case studies which is combined with LPS theory. The research study revealed several areas in the existing scheduling system, which could be improved. The main finding has been the absence of flow, critical path, and slack when determining the sequence where only interrelationship and durations has been considered. Expanding the selection criteria’s will help improving the sequencing of activities and improve schedule reliability and increased productivity. Furthermore, it was found that comfort and motivation of the individual craftsman needs to be considered and handled, precautions to avoid congestions in the making ready process should be implemented, the soundness of ready work should continuously be controlled, and finally the output quality should be considered. Deliberate handling and rectifying the found weaknesses will improve the schedule quality and lead to increased schedule reliability and possibly onsite productivity.
Influence of steam explosion pretreatment on the composition and structure of wheat straw (2012)

Steam explosion pretreatment of wheat straw can solubilize a significant portion of the hemicellulosic component and enhance the enzymatic digestibility of the remaining cellulose for fermentation into ethanol. In this work, wheat straw was pretreated by steam explosion using different steam temperatures and retention times, and the chemical compositions of the raw and steam-exploded wheat straw were analyzed. Results showed that the content of hemicellulose decreased sharply at higher steam temperatures and longer retention times; however, the content of lignin changed inconspicuously. After pretreatment, the characteristics of the straw fiber were investigated by studying their proportion of microfibrils, SEM, and FTIR. To assess the differences among various pretreatment parameters, the concentration of the reducing sugar and glucose conversion were determined. The highest reducing sugar concentration and glucose conversion were achieved at the explosion conditions of a pretreatment temperature of 220 ºC and a residence time of 3 min.
Effects of phenylbutazone, indomethacin, prostaglandin E2, butyrate, and glutamine on restitution of oxidant-injured right dorsal colon of horses in vitro (2004)

According to our findings, phenylbutazone and indomethacin do not seem to interfere with restitution of oxidant-injured mucosa of equine colon in vitro, and glutamine could facilitate mucosal restitution.
A Review of Methods for Measuring Corneal Topography (2001)

A review of some methods and their optical principles for measuring the corneal topography are presented in this paper. The concepts of principal curvatures and the ambiguity concerning the axial curvature of surfaces without symmetry of revolution are analyzed. These methods are divided into three groups according to the following optical principles: (1) specular reflection, which includes the Placido disk system, interferometry, and moiré deflectometry; (2) diffuse reflection, which includes moiré fringes, rasterstereography, and Fourier Transform Profilometry; and (3) scattered light, which includes the slitlamp system. We avoided describing the details of commercial instruments, only their working principles.
Giant-cell Granuloma of the Respiratory Tract (Wegener's Granulomatosis) (1958)

This paper is based on a retrospective study of data from 10 patients who had in common an illness characterized by symptoms of progressive ulceration in the respiratory tract together with signs of widespread inflammatory disease. Histological examination of material from each case shows disseminated granulomata, most com- mon in the respiratory tract and kidneys, and widespread vascular lesions similar to polyarteritis nodosa. The name Wegener's granulomatosis has been applied to this syn-
Cylindrical mirror multipass Lissajous system for laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (2002)

A simple optical multiple reflection system is developed with two cylindrical concave mirrors at an appropriate spacing. The two cylindrical mirrors have different focal lengths and their principal sections are orthogonal. The alternate focusing of the two cylindrical mirrors at different direction keep the reflecting spots small. The reflecting spots fall on Lissajous patterns on the cylindrical mirrors. The mathematics for this optical system is described and the calculated coordinates of beam spots are very close matches of the experimental observations. The cylindrical mirror optical system is easy to construct and align, with a suitable method for obtaining long optical paths and a large number of passes in small volumes. In a photoacoustic spectrometer the beam family enhance the effective power in the photoacoustic cell and thus the signal-to-noise ratio of photoacoustic signal. An experimental result for photoacoustic spectrum of HDSe gas is given.
Demonstration of an External Cavity Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser (2005)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. M. Hensley, D. J. Bamford, M. G. Allen, J. Xu, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, "Demonstration of an External Cavity Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser," in Optical Terahertz Science and Technology, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2005), paper TuA3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Transformation in Escherichia coli: stages in the process (1981)

Transformation experiments with Escherichia coli recipient cells and linear chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are reported. E. coli can be rendered competent for DNA uptake by a temperature shock (0 degrees C leads to 42 degrees C leads to 0 degrees C) of the recipient cells in the presence of a high concentration of either Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions. Uptake of DNA into a deoxyribonuclease-resistant form, for which the presence of Ca2+ is essential, was possible during the temperature shock but appeared to occur most readily after the heat shock during incubation at 0 degrees C. When DNA was added to cells that had been heat shocked in the presence of divalent cations only, DNA uptake also occurred. This suggests that competence induction and uptake may be regarded as separate stages. Under conditions used to induce competence, we observed an extensive release of periplasmic enzymes, probably reflecting membrane damage induced during development of competence. After the conversion of donor DNA into a deoxyribonuclease-resistant form, transformants could be selected. It appeared that incubation, before plating, of the transformation mixture in a medium containing high Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and supplemented with all growth requirements increased the transformation frequency. This incubation probably causes recovery of physiologically labile cells.
Improving light spot tracking for an Automatic Headlight Control Algorithm (2013)

Multi target tracking is an important task for an Automatic Headlight Control Algorithm(AHC). The task is challenging due to the presence of small, closely spaced light spots and the limited computing power of an embedded platform. Thus the tracking method has to be accurate and at the same time computationally efficient. This paper presents a novel method which achieves this task by combining the concepts of interest point tracking and position tracking. In interest point tracking, points are tracked using appearance based features while position tracking makes use of kinematic features. The interest point tracking method in this paper employs a feature set, which consists of well known appearance based features along with a novel light spot environmental feature. A genetic algorithm based search method was used to filter out this feature set from a bigger set. The information from these features is combined with the kinematic features using a computationally efficient method. This fused information is used to track light spots. The new method improved the system performance by reducing the tracking failures by 65% and showed better performance during worst cases like vehicle pitching.
Synthesis of an 11-<i>cis</i>-locked biotinylated retinoid for sequestering 11-<i>cis</i>-retinoid binding proteins (2006)

The synthesis of a seven-membered ring locked analogue of 11-cis-retinol, tethered to a cross-linking moiety on C-15 and a lysine-extended biotin on the C-3, was accomplished for its utilization as a probe to fish out retinol binding proteins that may be involved in the reisomerization of retinal from all-trans to 11-cis in the visual cycle.Key words: retinoids, biotin, 11-cis-locked, cross-linking, retinol binding proteins.
Improved Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Iron and Iron(III) with <i>o</i>-Hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein and Their Characterization (2011)

Simultaneous and fractional determination of iron(II) and iron(III) was accomplished with o-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein (QP) in the presence of poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone). In the determination of total iron (iron(II)+iron(III)), Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.02-0.67 μg·ml(-1), with an effective molar absorptivity (at 570 nm) and a relative standard deviation of 1.30×10(5)·l·mol(-1)·cm(-1) and 0.77% (n = 8), respectively. This method was about 10-15 times and more than the methods using 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine. In addition, the iron-QP complex was characterized using spectrophotometry and the electron spin resonance. This method was successfully applied to assays of total iron and iron(III) in pharmaceutical preparations.
Neuron devices based on point contact phototransistors (1996)

We propose neuron devices that perform subtraction and nonlinear functions with two-input and one-output optical signals. The device based on a pair of point-contact phototransistors and a LED can easily integrated with several hundred pixels. The basic structure of the PCPT we developed is a 10 nm thickness InGaAs quantum well with GaAs barrier layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).
Power spectra of return-to-zero optical signals (2006)

Analytical formulas for the power spectra of return-to-zero (RZ) optical signals generated by Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators are derived. Pulse duty cycles of 33%, 50%, and 67%, in conjunction with several modulation techniques, including binary ON-OFF keying (OOK), duobinary OOK, and M-ary differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), and quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM), are considered. Spectral characteristics and bandwidth requirements of these different schemes are compared
An observation-based approach towards self-managing Web servers (2003)

The Web server architectures that provide performance isolation, service differentiation, and QoS guarantees rely on external administrators to set the right parameter values for the desired performance. Due to the complexity of handling varying workloads and bottleneck resources, configuring such parameters optimally becomes a challenge. In this paper we describe an observation-based approach for self-managing Web servers that can adapt to changing workloads while maintaining the QoS requirements of different classes. In this approach, the system state is monitored continuously and parameter values of various system resources-primarily the accept queue and the CPU-are adjusted to maintain the system-wide QoS goals. We implement our techniques using the Apache Web server and the Linux operating system. We first demonstrate the need to manage different resources in the system depending on the workload characteristics. We then experimentally demonstrate that our observation-based system can adapt to workload changes by dynamically adjusting the resource shares in order to maintain the QoS goals.
Action of Carbon in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Mild Steel in Nitrate Solutions (1973)

The effect of total carbon content on susceptibility of iron to stress corrosion cracking (SCC, on the depth of intergranular corrosion without stresses, anodic polarization curves, and the general corrosion rate was examined on decarburized Armco iron and its ferritic or martensitic alloys with carbon up to 1.4% in 5N NH4NO3 and 5N Ca(NO3)2, pH 5.0, at 75 and 100 C (167 and 212 F). The susceptibility to SCC and intergranular corrosion increased with the carbon content increasing up to about 0.009% or above, and it diminished with further increase in the carbon content. Carbon decreased the ability of iron to passivate (depassivating action), but it also promoted deposition of magnetite and enhanced its protective properties (impeding action). It is suggested that the observed effect of carbon on SCC and intergranular corrosion results from the predominance of the depassivating action at low carbon contents, and the predominance of the impeding action at higher carbon contents.
Airy beams generated by a binary phase element made of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (2009)

Using polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs), an electrically switchable binary phase pattern was fabricated to generate Airy beams through a programmable lithographic system. The right main lobe of the reconstructed Airy beam experienced 1.3 mm transverse deflection within 24 cm propagation distance. With a suitable voltage applied, the binary PDLC pattern can be erased due to the index match between polymers and liquid crystals. This versatile approach can be also used to generate other special beams with electrically tunable capability.