gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of monoclonal antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 6 (1983)

To better define the surface antigens of Legionella pneumophila for clinical and experimental purposes, we have produced monoclonal antibodies to L. pneumophila serogroups 1 and 6. Two hybridomas were produced in serogroup 1. One antibody, LP-I-17, recognized a serogroup-common antigen. The second antibody, LP-I-81, was specific for serogroup 1. This antibody was able to agglutinate bacterial cells belonging to the serogroup 1 reference strains. Philadelphia and Knoxville. Microagglutination assays of environmental and clinical isolates revealed a subgroup of serogroup 1 environmental isolates which were not agglutinated by LP-I-81. This subset of isolates was segregated to certain buildings in the medical complex. Immunodiffusion studies showed identity between the LP-I-81 antigen and the serogroup-specific antigen of serogroup 1 organisms. This antigen could be absorbed out of the serogroup 1 organism extract with LP-I-81-coated Staphylococcus aureus, leaving the serogroup-common antigens. Three hybridomas were produced to serogroup 6. All three produced antibodies which were serogroup 6 specific and agglutinated serogroup 6 bacteria.
Imagining Otherwise: Connecting the Arts and Social Justice to Envision and Act for Change (2017)

Not only can art expose the norms and hierarchies of the existing social order, but it can give us the conceptual means to invent another, making what had once seemed utterly impossible entirely realistic. (Hardt & Negri, 2009)
Oscillator phase noise: systematic construction of an analytical model encompassing nonlinearity (2011)

This paper offers a derivation of phase noise in oscillators resulting in a closed-form analytic formula that is both general and convenient to use. This model provides a transparent connection between oscillator phase noise and the fundamental device physics and noise processes. The derivation accommodates noise and nonlinearity in both the resonator and feedback circuit, and includes the effects of environmental disturbances. The analysis clearly shows the mechanism by which both resonator noise and electronics noise manifest as phase noise, and directly links the manifestation of phase noise to specific sources of noise, nonlinearity, and external disturbances. This model sets a new precedent, in that detailed knowledge of component-level performance can be used to predict oscillator phase noise without the use of empirical fitting parameters.
Choosing a wound dressing, part 1 (2008)

Sharon Baranoski is director of medical-surgical nursing and the wound and hyperbaric center at Provena St. Joseph Medical Center in Joliet, Ill.
Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of salicylazosulfapyridine in man (1972)

Salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP), 4 Gm. daily, was ingested by 9 healthy subfects for 10 days, and the serum concentrations and urinary and fecal excretion of the parent drug and its metabolites were studied. SASP is extensively metabolized by reductive cleavage of the azo linkage, presumably by the action of the gut flora. The sulfapyridine moiety thus formed is subfect to N 4 ‐acetylation or ring hydroxylation followed by confugation to glucuronic acid, or both. The 5‐aminosalicylic acid moiety is N‐acetylated. The steady‐state serum concentrations of the parent drug and its metabolites, obtained by Day 5, for SASP ranged from 4.7 to 45 p.g per milliliter (median 12 p.g per milliliter), for total sulfapyridine metabolites from 37 to 92 p.g per milliliter (median 50 p.g per milliliter), and for total 5‐aminosalicylic acid metabolites to less than 2 p.g per milliliter. The urinary excretion of unchanged SASP ranged from 1.7 to 10 per cent of the dose. About 80 per cent of the dose was excreted in the urine as metabolites of sulfapyridine and one third of the dose was excreted as the metabolite of 5‐aminosalicylic acid. Feces did not contain any SASP, but about 5 per cent of the dose was present as metabolites of sulfapyridine and an unknown amount as metabolites of 5‐aminosalicylic acid.
ATPase activity of RecD is essential for growth of the Antarctic <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> Lz4W at low temperature (2008)

RecD is essential for growth at low temperature in the Antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W. To examine the essential nature of its activity, we analyzed wild-type and mutant RecD proteins with substitutions of important residues in each of the seven conserved helicase motifs. The wild-type RecD displayed DNA-dependent ATPase and helicase activity in vitro, with the ability to unwind short DNA duplexes containing only 5' overhangs or forked ends. Five of the mutant proteins, K229Q (in motif I), D323N and E324Q (in motif II), Q354E (in motif III) and R660A (in motif VI) completely lost both ATPase and helicase activities. Three other mutants, T259A in motif Ia, R419A in motif IV and E633Q in motif V exhibited various degrees of reduction in ATPase activity, but had no helicase activity. While all RecD proteins had DNA-binding activity, the mutants of motifs IV and V displayed reduced binding, and the motif II mutant showed a higher degree of binding to ssDNA. Significantly, only RecD variants with in vitro ATPase activity could complement the cold-sensitive growth of a recD-inactivated strain of P. syringae at 4 degrees C. These results suggest that the requirement for RecD at lower temperatures lies in its ATP-hydrolyzing activity.
An adaptive redundancy technique for wireless indoor multicasting (2002)

We present an adaptive technique that combines forward error correction (FEC) with channel state estimation (CSE) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) for packet loss recovery in wireless indoor multicast systems. The novel aspect of the technique is its ability to achieve significant packet throughput with high data reliability, to avoid feedback acknowledgement (ACK) implosion, as well as to reduce and flexibly to limit delay for real-time applications. We suggest a set of criteria to measure the multicast performance and simulate a simple two-state indoor channel model. The simulation results show that the proposed technique significantly improves the communication quality and channel efficiency, to compare with traditional FEC and ARQ techniques.
Convex Relaxation for Optimal Power Flow Problem: Mesh Networks (2014)

This paper is concerned with the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. We have recently shown that a convex relaxation based on semidefinite programming (SDP) is able to find a global solution of OPF for IEEE benchmark systems, and moreover this technique is guaranteed to work over acyclic (distribution) networks. The present work studies the potential of the SDP relaxation for OPF over mesh (transmission) networks. First, we consider a simple class of cyclic systems, namely weakly-cyclic networks with cycles of size 3. We show that the success of the SDP relaxation depends on how the line capacities are modeled mathematically. More precisely, the SDP relaxation is proven to succeed if the capacity of each line is modeled in terms of bus voltage difference, as opposed to line active power, apparent power or angle difference. This result elucidates the role of the problem formulation. Our second contribution is to relate the rank of the minimum-rank solution of the SDP relaxation to the network topology. The goal is to understand how the computational complexity of OPF is related to the underlying topology of the power network. To this end, an upper bound is derived on the rank of the SDP solution, which is expected to be small in practice. A penalization method is then applied to the SDP relaxation to enforce the rank of its solution to become 1, leading to a near-optimal solution for OPF with a guaranteed optimality degree. The remarkable performance of this technique is demonstrated on IEEE systems with more than 7000 different cost functions.
Analysis of the Packet Reception Statistics of Bluetooth v2+EDR in Fading Channels (2007)

In this document, we derive the probability of different reception events in Bluetooth v2.0 with Enhanced Data Rate, both for AWGN and Rician fading radio channels.
Characteristics and adsorption properties of iron-coated sand (1997)

This study was conducted to develop a process for coating hydrated iron oxide on the surface of quartz sand to utilize the adsorbent properties of the coating and the filtration properties of the sand. Three coating parameters were investigated: pH, Fe concentration at which iron oxide was prepared, and the coating temperature. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) were used to observe the surface properties of the coated layer. Acid resistance was used to evaluate the attachment strength of the coated layer. Batch adsorption tests were performed to compare the effects of each coating parameter on the adsorption of heavy metals on the coated layer. Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX) was used for characterizing metal adsorption sites on the iron-coated sand. The results indicated that the coated sand had more pores and higher specific surface area because of the attachment of iron oxide. The coated sand produced at higher pH (coating) had better adsorption efficiencies of metals but had worse acid resistance. A high-temperature coating process enhanced the stability of the oxide coatings. Comparing heavy metal removal by adsorption on iron-coated sand and chemical precipitation, adsorption was shown to be capable of removing heavy metals over a wider pH range and to much lower levels than precipitation. The results from EDAX analysis showed that copper ions were chemisorbed on the surface of iron-coated sand.
From Genes to Genome Biology (1996)

The reams of data pouring in from genome projects render traditional gene-by-gene methods of analysis too slow for impatient geneticists. So researchers are designing a new generation of genome-probing techniques—ranging from laboratory screens to computer programs—to handle whole batches of genes simultaneously. Such industrial-strength approaches allow researchers to rapidly learn what genes actually do, and to ask new questions about entire genomes. Potential applications range from cancer research to DNA forensics.
The Small Genome of Arabidopsis Contains at Least Nine Expressed b-Tubulin Genes (1992)

D. Peter Snustad, Nancy A. Haas, Steven D. Kopczak, Carolyn D. Silflow, The Small Genome of Arabidopsis Contains at Least Nine Expressed β-Tubulin Genes, The Plant Cell, Vol. 4, No. 5 (May, 1992), pp. 549-556
MIC1-MAG1-SAG1 Chimeric Protein, a Most Effective Antigen for Detection of Human Toxoplasmosis (2012)

This study describes a Toxoplasma gondii IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a new chimeric antigen containing three immunodominant regions from the MIC1, MAG1, and SAG1 proteins of the parasite and shows that this test is useful for diagnostic purposes and may replace the lysed and whole-cell antigens.
Wide-field, high-speed polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT for measuring retardation, birefringence and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (2012)

We present a newly developed high-speed, wide-field polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT system for measuring retardation, birefringence and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in healthy and glaucoma eyes.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan in cancer patients. (1997)

The high degree of interpatient variability in parameter estimates suggests pharmacogenetic variation or differential induction or inhibition of the sequential metabolic pathway of CPT-11, as well as variability in transport systems. The low urinary recovery indicates substantial biliary excretion and supports the significant correlation between intestinal toxicity and BI. Black patients are not at increased risk of toxicity. An assessment of individual differences in SN-38 conjugation remains to be established.
Arsenic in ground water in six districts of West Bengal, India: the biggest arsenic calamity in the world. Part I. Arsenic species in drinking water and urine of the affected people (1995)

Arsenic in ground water has been found above the maximum permissible limit in six districts of West Bengal covering an area of 34 000 km2 with a population of 30 million. At present 37 blocks of these six districts by the side of the River Ganga are affected and about 800 000 people from 312 villages/wards are drinking arsenic contaminated water and amongst them at least 175 000 people are showing arsenical skin lesions. The source of arsenic is geological. We have analysed thousands of tube-well water samples from these six districts for four arsenic species namely, arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). We could detect no MMAA or DMAA in any of these samples. In urine, DMAA and MMAA are the predominant species along with arsenite and arsenate. The techniques we used for the determination and speciation of arsenic are: (i) separation of arsenite and arsenate from water by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in chloroform followed by FI-HGAAS; (ii) spectrophotometry using Ag–DDTC in chloroform with hexamethylenetetramine as absorbing solution; (iii) ion-exchange separation of arsenite and arsenate from water followed by FI-HGAAS; and (iv) for analysis of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites in urine, FI-HGAAS was used after separation of the species by a combined cation–anion-exchange column. Total arsenic in urine was determined by FI-HGAAS after acid decomposition. The most toxic species, arsenite, is present in ground water at about 50% of the total arsenic level, and more than 90% of the total arsenic in urine is inorganic arsenic and its metabolites.
Biosorption of uranium, radium, and cesium (1982)

Some fundamental aspects of the biosorption of metals by microbial cells were investigated. These studies were carried out in conjunction with efforts to develop a process to utilize microbial cells as biosorbents for the removal of radionuclides from waste streams generated by the nuclear fuel cycle. It was felt that an understanding of the mechanism(s) of metal uptake would potentially enable the enhancement of the metal uptake phenomenon through environmental or genetic manipulation of the microorganisms. Also presented are the results of a preliminary investigation of the applicability of microorganisms for the removal of /sup 137/cesium and /sup 226/radium from existing waste solutions. The studies were directed primarily at a characterization of uranium uptake by the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Transmission electron microscopy study on Nd-rich phase and grain boundary structure of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets (2005)

The crystal structure and morphology of the Nd-rich phase in postannealed sintered Nd–Fe–B hard magnets were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Nd-rich phase at grain boundaries thinner than about 2nm was found to be amorphous; as the boundary region broadened, it assumed a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with a≈0.54nm; eventually, the selected area diffraction pattern exhibited systematically allowed superlattice spots, revealing that the Nd-rich phase belongs to the space group Ia3¯ with a≈1.1nm. The elemental analysis of the Nd-rich phase showed that it contains a considerable amount of oxygen. These findings indicate that the Nd-rich phase with a≈1.1nm is in fact isostructural to cubic Nd2O3 (Mn2O3 structure). We also found Nd-rich fcc precipitates (a≈0.54nm) of several ten to hundred nm inside the Nd2Fe14B grains. Both intergranular and intragrain Nd-rich phases possess simple orientation relationships with the matrix Nd2Fe14B phase, such as (111)Nd2Fe14B‖(111)Nd-rich [2¯11]Nd2Fe14B‖[2¯11]Nd-rich and (010)Nd2Fe14B‖(111)Nd-rich [001]Nd2Fe14B‖[1¯10]Nd-rich. Our Lorentz TEM observation suggested that the intragrain Nd-rich precipitates frequently disrupt magnetic domain wall arrangements, and that the magnetic interactions across thin amorphous Nd-rich phase are dominated by a simple dipole interaction.
Secretion of cytokines (interleukins-1 alpha, -3, and -6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) by normal human bone marrow megakaryocytes (1995)

The effects of cytokine stimulation [recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-1 alpha, rhIL-3, rhIL-6, rhIL-11, and rh granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] on the secretory activity of normal human megakaryocytes were studied by means of the reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) in enriched cell preparations. This test facilitates an extremely sensitive determination of cytokine secretion at the single-cell level, together with the clear-cut identification of each immunostained (CD61) secretory active megakaryocyte. Moreover, the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate the expression of IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13 mRNA in highly concentrated megakaryocyte preparations. In comparison with the spontaneous secretion rate, stimulation with rhIL-1 alpha, rhIL-6, and rhGM-CSF failed to induce a significant increase in the release of cytokines by CD61+ cells. On the other hand, both rhIL-3 and, in a less pronounced way, rhIL-11 exerted a marked effect on IL-6 secretion. Additionally, after stimulation with rhIL-3, a significant enhancement of the secretion of IL-3 and GM-CSF, but not of IL-1 alpha, could be observed. Using the RT-PCR, a significant induction of IL-6 expression could be appreciated in the enriched megakaryocyte population (60% to 80%) stimulated with rhIL-3. The results of this study provide persuasive evidence that a number of cytokines are synthesized and secreted by human megakaryocytes and not only by hematopoietic stroma cells. These data suggest the existence of autocrine and paracrine mechanisms that may influence maturation and differentiation of megakaryocytes as well as act on various stroma cells to sustain an appropriate hematopoietic micro-environment.
Effect of Hematocrit Concentration on Blood Glucose Value Determined on Glucometer II (1988)

Nineteen patient blood samples each with modified hematocrit concentrations of approximately 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60%, were assayed for their glucose concentration by the Glucometer II. Blood removal from the test strip was by the one- and two-blot techniques. The reference method was the Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) blood glucose analyzer. Glucometer II results were falsely high for the single blot (13-59%, mean 33%) and double blot (12-41%, mean 19%) at 20% hematocrit and falsely low at 60% hematocrit for the single blot (22-44%, mean 37%) and the double blot (26-49%, mean 43%). At 40-50% hematocrit, Glucometer II and YSI results agreed only for the one-blot technique.
Capacitive Calcium Entry Is Directly Attenuated by Mutant Presenilin-1, Independent of the Expression of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (2003)

Mutant presenilin-1 (PS1) increases amyloid peptide production, attenuates capacitative calcium entry (CCE), and augments calcium release from the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). Here we measured the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration in hippocampal neurons from six different combinations of transgenic and gene-ablated mice to demonstrate that mutant PS1 attenuated CCE directly, independent of the expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). On the other hand, increased Ca(2+) release from the ER in mutant PS1 neurons, as induced by thapsigargin, was clearly dependent on the presence of APP and its processing by PS1, i.e. on the generation of the amyloid peptides and the APP C99 fragments. This observation was corroborated by the thapsigargin-induced increase in cytosolic [Ca(2+)](i) in PS1 deficient neurons, which accumulate C99 fragments due to deficient gamma-secretase activity. Moreover, co-expression of mutant APP[V717I] in PS1-deficient neurons further increased the apparent size of the ER calcium stores in parallel with increasing levels of the APP processing products. We conclude that mutant PS1 deregulates neuronal calcium homeostasis by two different actions: (i) direct attenuation of CCE at the cell-surface independent of APP; and (ii) indirect increase of ER-calcium stores via processing of APP and generation of amyloid peptides and C99 fragments.
A dual‐targeting antibody against EGFR‐VEGF for lung and head and neck cancer treatment (2011)

An antibody simultaneously targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), two major tumor growth-driving machineries, may provide a novel effective strategy for optimizing tumor targeting and maximizing potential clinical benefits. Human domain antibodies selected against VEGF and EGFR were formatted into a fully human dual-targeting IgG (DT-IgG) to directly target both antigens in a single molecule. We evaluated the efficacy of DT-IgG in comparison with bevacizumab and cetuximab alone and in combination in the lung cancer cell line A549 (low EGFR expression and KRAS mutant) and the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line Tu212 (high EGFR expression and KRAS wild type) in vitro and in vivo. DT-IgG suppressed Tu212 and A549 cell growth, inhibited EGFR activation and induced apoptosis as effectively as cetuximab, and neutralized VEGF as effectively as bevacizumab. DT-IgG induced EGFR-dependent VEGF internalization, constituting a novel antiangiogenesis mechanism. In xenograft models with lung and head and neck cancer cell lines, DT-IgG displayed efficacy equivalent to bevacizumab in diminishing tumor growth despite its short serum half-life (36 hr in rats) and both agents may constitute preferable alternatives to cetuximab in KRAS-mutant tumors. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that localization of DT-IgG was similar to that of cetuximab, largely associated with EGFR+tumor cells. Our proof of principle study suggests a DT-IgG against EGFR and VEGF as an alternative therapeutic strategy with potentially enhanced clinical benefit.
Mitochondrial DNA sequences from a 7000-year old brain (1988)

Pieces of mitochondrial DNA from a 7000-year-old human brain were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Albumin and high concentrations of polymerase were required to overcome a factor in the brain extract that inhibits amplification. For this and other sources of ancient DNA, we find an extreme inverse dependence of the amplification efficiency on the length of the sequence to be amplified. This property of ancient DNA distinguishes it from modern DNA and thus provides a new criterion of authenticity for use in research on ancient DNA. The brain is from an individual recently excavated from Little Salt Spring in southwestern Florida and the anthropologically informative sequences it yielded are the first obtained from archaeologically retrieved remains. The sequences show that this ancient individual belonged to a mitochondrial lineage that is rare in the Old World and not previously known to exist among Native Americans. Our finding brings to three the number of maternal lineages known to have been involved in the prehistoric colonization of the New World.