gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemokines and chemokine receptors in infectious diseases (1999)

Today, 10 years after the discovery of IL-8, chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are seen as the stimuli that largely control leucocyte migration. Chemokines are low molecular weight chemoattractant cytokines secreted by a variety of cells, including leucocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and numerous other cell types. They are produced in response to exogenous stimuli, such as viruses and bacterial LPS, and endogenous stimuli, such as IL-1, TNF and IFN. These factors mediate chemotaxis and leucocyte activation. They also regulate leucocyte extravasation from the blood and/or lymph vessel luminal surface to the tissue space, the site of inflammation. There is no doubt that chemokines and chemokine receptors are critical for defence against infectious pathogens. It is also clear that these pathogens have evolved to accommodate the workings of the host immune system. Survival of these infectious agents appears dependent upon strategies that can evade, suppress, counteract or otherwise confound the constellation of host responses to invading pathogens. In this regard, the chemokines and their receptors are a major target. Reviewed in the present paper are several examples in which microbial pathogens have usurped the mammalian chemokine system to subvert the host immune response.
The development of a supply chain management process maturity model using the concepts of business process orientation (2004)

The concept of process maturity proposes that a process has a lifecycle that is assessed by the extent to which the process is explicitly defined, managed, measured and controlled. A maturity model assumes that progress towards goal achievement comes in stages. The supply chain maturity model presented in this paper is based on concepts developed by researchers over the past two decades. The Software Engineering Institute has also applied the concept of process maturity to the software development process in the form of the capability maturity model. This paper examines the relationship between supply chain management process maturity and performance, and provides a supply chain management process maturity model for enhanced supply chain performance.
A perceptual preprocessor to segment video for motion estimation (2002)

Summary form only given. The objective of motion estimation and motion compensation is to reduce the temporal redundancy between adjacent pictures in a video sequence. Motion estimation is usually performed by calculating an error metric, such as mean absolute error (MAE), for each block in the current frame over a displaced region in the previously reconstructed frame. The motion vector is attained as the displacement having the minimum error metric. Although this achieves minimum-MAE in the residual block, it does not necessarily result in the best perceptual quality since the MAE is not always a good indicator of video quality. In low bit rate video coding, the overhead in sending the motion vectors becomes a significant proportion of the total data rate. The minimum-MAE motion vector may not achieve the minimum joint entropy for coding the residual block and motion vector, and thus may not achieve the best compression efficiency. In this paper, we attack these problems by introducing a perceptual preprocessor which takes advantage of the insensitivity of the human visual system (HVS) to mild changes in pixel intensity in order to segment the video into regions according to the perceptibility of the picture changes. Our preprocessor can exploit the local psycho-perceptual properties of the HVS because it is designed to segment video in the spatio-temporal pixel domain. The associated computational complexity for the segmentation in the spatio-temporal pixel domain is very small. With the information of segmentation, we then determine which macroblocks require motion estimation.
Efficient semi-streaming algorithms for local triangle counting in massive graphs (2008)

In this paper we study the problem of local triangle counting in large graphs. Namely, given a large graph G = (V;E) we want to estimate as accurately as possible the number of triangles incident to every node υ ∈ V in the graph. The problem of computing the global number of triangles in a graph has been considered before, but to our knowledge this is the first paper that addresses the problem of local triangle counting with a focus on the efficiency issues arising in massive graphs. The distribution of the local number of triangles and the related local clustering coefficient can be used in many interesting applications. For example, we show that the measures we compute can help to detect the presence of spamming activity in large-scale Web graphs, as well as to provide useful features to assess content quality in social networks.
Market Equilibria via Integer Programming (2002)

We study a model of price competition in a multiproduct oligopoly market.
The products are of general nature. Sellers fix prices to maximize their profits
and the representative buyer, after observing prices, selects a bundle of products
according to his/her reservation value. Consumers are characterized by a set
function which determines their willingness to pay for every subset of products.
The existence and characterization of Nash equilibria is reached via integer
programming.
We start with the simplest model where firms produce only one product and
extend the equilibrium characterization of Tauman, Urbano and Watanabe
(1997) to non-monotonic consumer value functions. Then, we generalize the
model to multiproduct firms, and show that Nash equilibria with non-linear
prices always exists. We also offer the sufficient conditions which guarantee the
existence of linear-price equilibria.
Compact diffraction grating laser wavemeter with sub-picometer accuracy and picowatt sensitivity using a webcam imaging sensor (2012)

We describe a compact laser wavelength measuring instrument based on a small diffraction grating and a consumer-grade webcam. With just 1 pW of optical power, the instrument achieves absolute accuracy of 0.7 pm, sufficient to resolve individual hyperfine transitions of the rubidium absorption spectrum. Unlike interferometric wavemeters, the instrument clearly reveals multimode laser operation, making it particularly suitable for use with external cavity diode lasers and atom cooling and trapping experiments.
Extending Wide Area and Virtual Reference Station Networks Far Into the Sea With GPS Buoys (2005)

Dr. Oscar L. Colombo works on applications of space geodesy, including gravity field mapping, spacecraft orbit determination, and precise positioning by space techniques. He develops and tests techniques for precise very long baseline differential and point-positioning kinematic and static GPS, in collaboration with groups in the USA and abroad. Dr. Manuel Hernández-Pajares is associate professor of the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), from 1993. He started working on GPS in 1989, for cartographic applications. His focus is in the area of GNSS ionospheric determination and GPS Modernized and Galileo real-time positioning techniques. Dr. J. Miguel Juan Zornoza is an associate professor of the UPC. His current research interest is in the area of
Waveform shaping for GSM systems (2002)

This paper describes a new integrated topology circuit for a waveform shaper which will be used inside a GSM system. The circuit generates a raised cosine shape output for the ramp up and ramp down of a transmitted burst. The circuit was realised using two 8-bit current-steering digital-to-analog converters. The measured results of the transient spectrum and the power level versus time show that the circuit fully meets GSM specifications.
Photosynthetic activity of the calyx, green shoulder, pericarp, and locular parenchyma of tomato fruit (1999)

Photosynthesis of tomato fruit was studied using green fruit from six heritage cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and one of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium. Chlorophyll concentrations in the green shoulder, pericarp and locular parenchyma of the fruit were determined and the apparent photosynthetic electron transport activity (ETR) and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching characteristics of these tissues and the calyx were compared. In all cultivars, green shoulder formation, apparent as intense pigmentation of the proximal pericarp shoulder, was positively related to the degree of shading of the fruit during development. Appearing as a photosynthetic adaptive trait for increasing the photoautotrophic capacity of fruit grown under low light, the green shoulder contained 17–57% of the total pericarp chlorophyll content. The pericarp below the green shoulder had lower chlorophyll a+b concentrations than in the locular parenchyma. The proportion of light-harvesting chlorophyll to active centre chlorophyll was also lower in the pericarp than in the locular parenchyma as indicated by higher ratios of chlorophyll a/b. At a photon flux density (PFD) of 1200 µmol m−2 s−1, different fruit tissues were found to have different levels of ETR. In ‘Yellow Pear’, the upper surface of the calyx had an ETR of 154 µmol m−2 s−1, while the lower surface had an ETR of 88 µmol m−2 s−1. On the green shoulder, ETR was 203 µmol m−2 s−1, whereas in the pericarp distal to the green shoulder, ETR was 97 µmol m−2 s−1. In the locular parenchyma, ETR was 66 µmol m−2 s−1. This trend towards a lower ETR in distal and internal fruit tissues appeared to indicate a shift towards a more shade-type photosynthesis. Concomitant with this shift were changes in chlorophyll fluorescence quenching characteristics. Generally when tissues displayed reduced levels of ETR they also displayed a faster decrease in the photochemical quenching coefficient qP and a more rapid diversion of absorbed photon energy to non-photochemical pathways which was seen by the rise in the non-photochemical quenching coefficient qN. However, the response of the locular parenchyma was an exception, under equivalent levels of PFD the qP levels in this tissue were much lower than those in the pericarp, but qN levels were similar. This finding indicated that the lower ETR of the locular parenchyma was due to a lower capacity to utilize electrons generated from water splitting rather than a greater diversion of absorbed photon energy to nonphotochemical pathways. The levels of photosynthetic activity found in the calyx, green shoulder, pericarp, and locular parenchyma suggest that all of these tissues have significant roles in CO2 scavenging and the provision of carbon assimilates. The potential role of fruit photosynthesis in influencing the fruit acid to sugar ratio and hence fruit quality is discussed.
T2SL mid- and long-wave infrared photodetector structures grown on (211)B and (311)A GaSb substrates (2019)

We recently evaluated the optical and electric characteristics of mid-wave photodetector (PD) diodes grown on high-index substrates. Preliminary results indicate that substrate orientation and surface polarity can modify PD parameters such as photoluminescence (PL), dark current (J<sub>d</sub>), quantum efficiency, and spectral characteristics. In this work, we focused on growth parameter optimization for long-wave type-II strained layer superlattice (T2SL) PD structures grown on (211)B and (311)A GaSb substrates. Material and PD diode characteristics were compared with reference data obtained on (100)-oriented substrates. Material quality was evaluated by HRXRD, AFM, Nomarski microscopy, 77 K PL, and PD J-V and spectral testing. Photoluminescence and cutoff wavelength measurements for diode structures fabricated on (211)B and (311)A substrates demonstrate a significant redshift due to a reduction of the optical bandgap in the SL. The extent of redshift increases with superlattice period and Sb mole fraction in the InAsSb layers in the absorber. All wafers demonstrated reasonable surface morphology without surface corrugation, with minor variability in roughness. Redshift in 77 K PL and cutoff wavelength, in combination with high QE and low J<sub>d</sub>, obtained from growths on these high-index substrates offer a potential path to achieve enhanced PD characteristics with reduced SL period for a given wavelength by comparison to (100) substrates.
Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Evolutionary Aspects (1989)

Tolerance by Ecological and Taxonomic Groups. Vegetation of Metal Contaminated Sites. Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Heavy Metal Tolerance. Evolutionary Aspects of Heavy Metal Tolerance. Index.
A Multivariate Variable Model with Possibility of Missing Data on a Stochastic Process (2011)

A joint model for multivariate responses with potentially non-random missing values on a stochastic process is proposed. A full likelihood-based approach that allows yielding maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters is used. Sensitivity of the results to the assumptions is also investigated. A common way to investigate whether perturbations of model components influence key results of the analysis is to compare the results derived from the original and perturbed models using a general index of sensitivity (ISNI). The approach is illustrated by analyzing a finance data set.
Analysis of testing the single-fluxon dynamics in a long Josephson junction by a dissipative spot (1994)

A change of the I-V characteristics of a long Josephson junction, operating in the zero-field single-fluxon regime, under the action of a ``hot spot'' (e.g., created by a focused electron beam) is calculated analytically by means of the perturbation theory, and also investigated numerically. The change of the average voltage at a given value of the bias current is calculated as a function of the hot spot-position. The overlap Josephson junction geometry is considered in detail, while the inline one is briefly discussed. A good accord between analytical and numerical results is found. The results are relevant for the interpretation of the low-temperature scanning electron microscopy experiments on imaging the fluxon dynamic states in a long Josephson junction.
Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography in non-exudative age related macular degeneration (2006)

With the increased resolution of UHR-OCT compared to standard OCT, the involvement of the outer retinal layers are more clearly defined. UHR-OCT may allow for the detection of early exudative changes not visible clinically or by angiography.
Nonlinear dispersion of avalanche upconversion (1997)

Two-beam coupling measurements of an avalanche upconversion transition in concentrated Tm:LiYF (4) confirm that, despite the resonant nature of the excited-state optical interaction, the induced response is strongly dispersive. This surprising characteristic is shown to be a general feature of avalanche polarization, with an off-resonant process dominating the resonant response.
Inhibition of ghrelin action<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>by an RNA-Spiegelmer (2004)

Employing in vitro selection techniques, we have generated biostable RNA-based compounds, so-called Spiegelmers, that specifically bind n-octanoyl ghrelin, the recently discovered endogenous ligand for the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor. Ghrelin is a potent stimulant of growth hormone release, food intake, and adiposity. We demonstrate that our lead compound, L-NOX-B11, binds ghrelin with low-nanomolar affinity and inhibits ghrelin-mediated GHS-receptor activation in cell culture with an IC(50) of 5 nM. l-NOX-B11 is highly specific for the bioactive, n-octanoylated form of ghrelin. Like the GHS receptor, it does not recognize the inactive unmodified peptide and requires only the N-terminal five amino acids for the interaction. The i.v. administration of polyethylene glycol modified l-NOX-B11 efficiently suppresses ghrelin-induced growth hormone release in rats. These results demonstrate that the neutralization of circulating bioactive ghrelin leads to inhibition of ghrelin's secretory effects in the CNS.
MSCs-Derived Exosomes: Cell-Secreted Nanovesicles with Regenerative Potential (2016)

Exosomes are membrane-enclosed nanovesicles (30-150 nm) that shuttle active cargoes between different cells. These tiny extracellular vesicles have been recently isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) conditioned medium, a population of multipotent cells identified in several adult tissues. MSCs paracrine activity has been already shown to be the key mediator of their elicited regenerative effects. On the other hand, the individual contribution of MSCs-derived exosomes for these effects is only now being unraveled. The administration of MSCs-derived exosomes has been demonstrated to restore tissue function in multiple diseases/injury models and to induce beneficial in vitro effects, mainly mediated by exosomal-enclosed miRNAs. Additionally, the source and the culture conditions of MSCs have been shown to influence the regenerative responses induced by exosomes. Therefore, these studies reveal that MSCs-derived exosomes hold a great potential for cell-free therapies that are safer and easier to manipulate than cell-based products. Nevertheless, this is an emerging research field and hence, further studies are required to understand the full dimension of this complex intercellular communication system and how it can be optimized to take full advantage of its therapeutic effects. In this mini-review, we summarize the most significant new advances in the regenerative properties of MSCs-derived exosomes and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
Oxidative stability of blends and interesterified blends of soybean oil and palm olein (1994)

Abstract Improvement of oxidative stability of soybean oil by blending with a more stable oil was investigated. Autoxidation of blends and interesterified blends (9∶1, 8∶2, 7∶3 and 1∶1, w/w) of soybean oil and palm olein was studied with respect to fatty acid composition, fatty acid location and triacylglycerol composition. Rates of formation of triacylglycerol hydroproxides, peroxide value and volatiles were evaluated. The fatty acid composition of soybean oil was changed by blending. Linolenic and linoleic acids decreased and oleic acid increased. The triacylglycerol composition of blends and interesterified blends was different from that of soybean oil. Relative to soybean oil, LnLL, LLL, LLO, LLP, LOO and LLS triacylglycerols were lowered and POO, POP and PLP were higher in blends and interesterified blends (where Ln, L, O, P and S represent linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, respectively). Interesterification of the blends leads to a decrease in POO and POP and an increase in LOP. Linoleic acid concentration at triacylglycerol carbon‐2 was decreased by blending and interesterification. Rates of change for peroxide value and oxidation product formation confirmed the improvement of soybean oil stability by blending and interesterification. But, blends were more stable than interesterified blends. Also, the formation of hexanal, the major volatile of linoleate hydroperoxides of soybean oil, was decreased by blending and interesterification.
Evolution of international drug control, 1945-1995 (1999)

The international drug control system had its origins in Shanghai in 1909 and, a mere three years later, the first International Opium Convention was adopted, establishing, in rudimentary form, the present narcotics control regime. During the existence of the League of Nations, the Permanent Central Board was created; this was the predecessor of the International Narcotics Control Board and it effectively put an end to the large-scale diversion of manufactured narcotic from the legal trade into illicit channels. A burgeoning international trade led to an expansion in the number of conventions, protocols and agreements attempting to control it. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs was therefore introduced in 1961, to integrate the measures of previous instruments and to extend the scope of international control to other drugs, such as cannabis and coca leaf. The rapid expansion of the pharmaceutical industry and the large number of manufactured psychotropic led to the adoption of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances which controls the products of the licit industry as well as street drugs that are not used in medical practice. However, the illicit drug trade continued to exploit all of the opportunities offered by globalization during the past two decades and it was recognized that new measures were required to counteract them. The 1988 Convention broke new ground by introducing measures to counteract money-laundering, to deprive those engaged in illicit traffic of the proceeds of their criminal activity and to prevent international traffic in substances frequently used in the illicit manufacture of drugs. In the present paper we have analysed some of the historic events in the evolution of the drug abuse problem and the international responses to them.
Dynamic of the new UWA Robot (2001)

This contribution presents the dynamics modelling method suited to solving both the inverse and direct problems for parallel robots. The method is based on the application of Hamilton’s canonical equations in carefully chosen dependent co-ordinates, called the extended space. The appropriateness and effectiveness of the method is presented by solving the dynamics of the New University of Western Australia Robot - NUWAR. NUWAR, described in detail during 1999 ACRA in Brisbane, is a variation of the well-known Delta parallel robot, having a maximum workspace volume. It is shown that the proposed method is numerically more efficient that the more traditional acceleration-based ones (e.g. Lagrange and Newton-Euler). Hamilton’s equations do not require accelerations as input data to the inverse dynamics algorithm. This results in the better accuracy of the algorithm. The solution of the forward problem of dynamics was obtained without any difficulties by transforming the original system of differential-algebraic equations of index 2 to ordinary differential equations and using a standard stepping algorithm with Baumgardte stabilisation.
Potential for Guided Bone Regeneration and Bone Graft Fixation With Resorbable Membranes in Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery (1997)

Resorbable devices offer a significant technological advance for craniofacial surgery; however, the potential for their use may extend beyond that of bone fixation. Applications to assist bone regeneration and to secure bone grafts in cranial defects in the pediatric patient are presented.
Linear tunable resistance circuit using gallium arsenide MESFETs (1991)

Designs for linearised, linearly tunable grounded and floating resistance circuits using GaAs depletion-mode MESFETs are presented. Simulations confirm good linearity and admittance characteristics up to 10 GHz. Applications include tunable filters, oscillators and high-precision amplifier loads.
Diagnosis of Elevator Faults with LS-SVM Based on Optimization by K-CV (2015)

Several common elevator malfunctions were diagnosed with a least square support vector machine (LS-SVM). After acquiring vibration signals of various elevator functions, their energy characteristics and time domain indicators were extracted by theoretically analyzing the optimal wavelet packet, in order to construct a feature vector of malfunctions for identifying causes of the malfunctions as input of LS-SVM. Meanwhile, parameters about LS-SVM were optimized by K-fold cross validation (K-CV). After diagnosing deviated elevator guide rail, deviated shape of guide shoe, abnormal running of tractor, erroneous rope groove of traction sheave, deviated guide wheel, and tension of wire rope, the results suggested that the LS-SVM based on K-CV optimization was one of effective methods for diagnosing elevator malfunctions.