gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replacement of the Negative Phosphodiester Linkages of DNA by Positive<i>S</i>-Methylthiourea Linkers:  A Novel Approach to Putative Antisense Agents (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTReplacement of the Negative Phosphodiester Linkages of DNA by Positive S-Methylthiourea Linkers: A Novel Approach to Putative Antisense AgentsDev P. Arya and Thomas C. BruiceView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, California 93106 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 26, 6619–6620Publication Date (Web):June 18, 1998Publication History Received25 February 1998Published online18 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980629qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980629qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Chemical specificity,Chemical structure,Genetics,Ionic strength Get e-Alerts
PERK eIF2α Kinase Regulates Neonatal Growth by Controlling the Expression of Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Derived from the Liver (2003)

Humans afflicted with the Wolcott-Rallison syndrome and mice deficient for PERK (pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum eIF2alpha kinase) show severe postnatal growth retardation. In mice, growth retardation in Perk-/- mutants is manifested within the first few days of neonatal development. Growth parameters of Perk-/- mice, including comparison of body weight to length and organ weights, are consistent with proportional dwarfism. Tibia growth plates exhibited a reduction in proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes underlying the longitudinal growth retardation. Neonatal Perk-/- deficient mice show a 75% reduction in liver IGF-I mRNA and serum IGF-I within the first week, whereas the expression of IGF-I mRNA in most other tissues is normal. Injections of IGF-I partially reversed the growth retardation of the Perk-/- mice, whereas GH had no effect. Transgenic rescue of PERK activity in the insulin- secreting beta-cells of the Perk-/- mice reversed the juvenile but not the neonatal growth retardation. We provide evidence that circulating IGF-I is derived from neonatal liver but is independent of GH at this stage. We propose that PERK is required to regulate the expression of IGF-I in the liver during the neonatal period, when IGF-I expression is GH-independent, and that the lack of this regulation results in severe neonatal growth retardation.
Efficacy of maximal androgen blockade versus castration alone in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: a retrospective clinical experience from a Chinese medical centre (2010)

In this retrospective study, we evaluated and compared the efficacy and toxicities of maximal androgen blockade (MAB) versus castration alone in Chinese patients with advanced prostate cancer. From 1996 to 2004, 608 patients with advanced prostate cancer were included in the study. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups according to different therapeutic regimens. Of the 608 patients, 300 patients were treated with MAB (castration plus nonsteroidal antiandrogens) and the remaining 308 were treated with castration alone. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates of these patients were 73.7% and 56%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, MAB was associated with not only the improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) (increased by 10 months) but also a 20.6% reduction in mortality risk compared with castration alone. In contrast, the efficacy of MAB was not superior to castration alone for patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Interestingly, among patients with MAB, those using bicalutamide had a longer PFS than those using flutamide; this was especially so in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Almost all of the toxicities due to the hormone therapy were mild to moderate and manageable. To conclude, in China, hormone therapies, including MAB and castration alone, have been standard treatments for advanced prostate cancer. For patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, castration alone might be adequately practical and efficient. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, however, MAB has superior efficacy over castration alone. It is clear that MAB should be considered the first-line standard treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
The molecular-weight-dependence of the anti-coagulant activity of heparin (1978)

It is proposed that the anti-coagulant activity of heparin is related to the probability of finding, in a random distribution of different disaccharides, a dodecasaccharide with the sequence required for binding to antithrombin. It is shown that this probability is a function of the degree of polymerization of heparin. The hypothesis has been been tested with a series of narrow-molecular-weight-range fractions ranging from 5,600 to 36,000. The fractions having mol.wts. below 18,000 (comprising 85% of the original preparation) followed the predicted probability relationship as expressed by the proportion of molecules capable of binding to antithrombin. The probability that any randomly chosen dodecasaccharide sequence in heparin should bind to antithrombin was calculated to 0.022. The fraction with mol.wt. 36,000 contained proteoglycan link-region fragments, which may explain the deviation of the high-molecular-weight fractions from the hypothetical relationship. The relationship between anti-coagulant activity and molecular weight cannot be explained solely on the basis of availability of binding sites for antithrombin. The activity of high-affinity heparin (i.e. molecules containing high-affinity binding sites for antithrombin), determined either by a whole-blood clotting procedure or by thrombin inactivation in the presence of antithrombin, thus remained dependent on molecular weight. Possible explanations of this finding are discussed. One explanation could be a requirement for binding of thrombin to the heparin chain adjacent to antithrombin.
Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry and Peptide-Mass Databases: Evolution of Methods for the Rapid Identification and Mapping of Cellular Proteins (1996)

Large-format 2D gel electrophoresis systems have been developed that are capable of resolving several thousand cellular proteins in a matter of days [1,2]. For a number of years, a combination of Edman microsequence analysis and identification of proteins by staining with specific antibodies has been used to systematically categorize proteins and establish cellular databases [3–5]. There are, however, significant problems associated with these approaches. Most resolved proteins are only present in the low- to upper-femtomole range, significantly below the level at which automated sequencers can reliably operate [6, 7]. The relatively slow speed of the Edman process (one or two samples per machine per day) also means that the sheer number of proteins is too great to permit large-scale characterization within any useful period of time. The use of monoclonal antibodies, whilst both rapid and extremely sensitive, requires the ready availability of a large pool of antibody probes.
Alignment-Independent Comparisons of Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbial Communities in a Multidimensional 16S rRNA Gene Evolutionary Space (2007)

We present a novel approach for comparing 16S rRNA gene clone libraries that is independent of both DNA sequence alignment and definition of bacterial phylogroups. These steps are the major bottlenecks in current microbial comparative analyses. We used direct comparisons of taxon density distributions in an absolute evolutionary coordinate space. The coordinate space was generated by using alignment-independent bilinear multivariate modeling. Statistical analyses for clone library comparisons were based on multivariate analysis of variance, partial least-squares regression, and permutations. Clone libraries from both adult and infant gastrointestinal tract microbial communities were used as biological models. We reanalyzed a library consisting of 11,831 clones covering complete colons from three healthy adults in addition to a smaller 390-clone library from infant feces. We show that it is possible to extract detailed information about microbial community structures using our alignment-independent method. Our density distribution analysis is also very efficient with respect to computer operation time, meeting the future requirements of large-scale screenings to understand the diversity and dynamics of microbial communities.
Antimicrobial Properties of Honey (2013)

Honey has been widely accepted as food and medicine by all generations, traditions, and civilizations, both ancient and modern. For at least 2700 years, honey has been used by humans to treat a variety of ailments through topical application, but only recently have the antiseptic and antimicrobial properties of honey been discovered. Honey has been reported to be effective in a number of human pathologies. Clinical studies have demonstrated that application of honey to severely infected cutaneous wounds rapidly clears infection from the wound and improves tissue healing. A large number of in vitro and limited clinical studies have confirmed the broad-spectrum antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antimycobacterial) properties of honey, which may be attributed to the acidity (low pH), osmotic effect, high sugar concentration, presence of bacteriostatic and bactericidal factors (hydrogen peroxide, antioxidants, lysozyme, polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, methylglyoxal, and bee peptides), and increase in cytokine release, and to immune modulating and anti-inflammatory properties of honey; the antimicrobial action involves several mechanisms. Despite a large amount of data confirming the antimicrobial activity of honey, there are no studies that support the systemic use of honey as an antibacterial agent.
DMCMN: In Depth Characterization and Control of AFM Cantilevers With Integrated Sensing and Actuation (2009)

New developments in MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) fabrication allowed the development of new types of atomic force microscopy (AFM) sensor with integrated readout circuit and actuator built in on the cantilever. Such a fully instrumented cantilever allows a much more direct measurement and actuation of the cantilever motion and interaction with the sample. This technology is expected to not only allow for high speed imaging but also the miniaturization of AFMs. Based on the complexity of these integrated MEMS devices, a thorough understanding of their behavior and a specialized controls approach is needed to make the most use out of this new technology. In this paper we investigate the intrinsic properties of such MEMS cantilevers and develop a combined approach for sensing and control, optimized for high speed detection and actuation. Further developments based on the results presented in this paper will help to expand the use of atomic force microscopy to a broad range of everyday applications in industrial process control and clinical diagnostics.
UML formalization is a traceability problem (2005)

Largely driven by the widespread interest in using UML, significant efforts have investigated how to formalize its semantics in terms of well-defined target languages. Associating target language specifications with the UML models enables automated analysis of its many graphical diagrams. Unfortunately, UML formalizations have proved difficult to completely automate. This paper posits that UML formalization is essentially a traceability problem, which means to rigorously link elements of a given UML diagram to relevant regions of code in a given target model according to the intended formalization semantics. We present a graph-theoretic model for formally defining this link-retrieval problem. We also introduce a framework for assessing whether a UML formalization is amenable to efficient link retrieval techniques without sacrificing precision and/or recall.
Planar near-field to far-field transformation using an array of dipole probes (1994)

A method is presented for computing far-field antenna patterns from measured near-field data measured by an array of planar dipole probes. The method utilizes the near-field data to determine some equivalent magnetic current sources over a fictitious planar surface which encompasses the antenna. These currents are then used to find the far fields. The near-field measurement is carried out by terminating each dipole with 50 /spl Omega/ load impedances and measuring the complex voltages across the loads. An electric field integral equation (EFIE) is developed to relate the measured complex voltages to the equivalent magnetic currents. The mutual coupling between the array of probes and the test antenna modeled by magnetic dipoles is taken into account. The method of moments with Galerkin's type solution procedure is used to transform the integral equation into a matrix one. The matrix equation is solved with the conjugate gradient-fast Fourier transformation (CG-FFT) method exploiting the block Toeplitz structure of the matrix. Numerical results are presented for several antenna configurations to show the validity of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication and characterization of hydrophilized porous PLGA nerve guide conduits by a modified immersion precipitation method (2006)

Nerve guide conduits (NGCs) with selective permeability and hydrophilicity were fabricated using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Pluronic F127 by a modified immersion precipitation method developed by our laboratory. The hydrophilized porous PLGA tubes as NGCs were fabricated by immersing a water-saturated rod-shape alginate hydrogel into PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture solution (in tetraglycol). The PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture was precipitated outside the alginate hydrogel rod by the diffusion of water from the hydrogel rod into PLGA/Pluronic F127 mixture solution. The inner diameter and wall thickness of tubes could be easily controlled by adjusting the diameter of alginate hydrogel rod and immersion time, respectively. It was observed that the tube wall has an asymmetric column-shape porous structure. The inner surface of the tube had nano-size pores ( approximately 50 nm), which can effectively prevent from fibrous tissue infiltration but permeate nutrients and retain neurotrophic factors, while the outer surface had micro-size pores ( approximately 50 microm), which can allow vascular ingrowth for effective supply of nutrients and oxygen into the tube. From the investigations of mechanical property, water absorbabiliy, and model nutrient permeability of the tubes, the hydrophilized PLGA/F127 (3 wt %) tube seems to be a good candidate as a NGC for the effective permeation of nutrients as well as the good mechanical strength to maintain a stable support structure for the nerve regeneration.
Uniaxial Alignment of the Columnar Super-Structure of a Hexa (Alkyl) Hexa-<i>peri</i>-hexabenzocoronene on Untreated Glass by Simple Solution Processing (2003)

Uniaxially aligned, thin films of a discotic columnar thermotropic liquid crystalline material can be prepared by a simple solution zone-casting method, without the need for modified surfaces or traditional alignment techniques. Atomic force microscopy together with X-ray diffraction reveals single-crystalline-like order over several square centimeters, far exceeding the requirements for application of such films in organic molecular electronic devices such as field-effect transistors.
Application of a very high-throughput digital imaging screen to evolve the enzyme galactose oxidase (2001)

Directed evolution has become an important enabling technology for the development of new enzymes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Some of the most interesting substrates for these enzymes, such as polymers, have poor solubility or form highly viscous solutions and are therefore refractory to traditional high-throughput screens used in directed evolution. We combined digital imaging spectroscopy and a new solid-phase screening method to screen enzyme variants on problematic substrates highly efficiently and show here that the specific activity of the enzyme galactose oxidase can be improved using this technology. One of the variants we isolated, containing the mutation C383S, showed a 16-fold increase in activity, due in part to a 3-fold improvement in K(m). The present methodology should be applicable to the evolution of numerous other enzymes, including polysaccharide-modifying enzymes that could be used for the large-scale synthesis of modified polymers with novel chemical properties.
Video based technology for ambient assisted living: A review of the literature (2011)

Ambient assisted living (AAL) has the ambitious goal of improving the quality of life and maintaining independence of older and vulnerable people through the use of technology. Most of the western world will see a very large increase in the number of
Photosensitized reduction of carbon dioxide to methane and hydrogen evolution in the presence of ruthenium and osmium colloids: strategies to design selectivity of products distribution (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotosensitized reduction of carbon dioxide to methane and hydrogen evolution in the presence of ruthenium and osmium colloids: strategies to design selectivity of products distributionItamar Willner, Ruben Maidan, Daphna Mandler, Heinz Duerr, Gisela Doerr, and Klaus ZengerleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 20, 6080–6086Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00254a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00254a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1099Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Road Sign Recognition with Fuzzy Adaptive Pre-Processing Models (2012)

A road sign recognition system based on adaptive image pre-processing models using two fuzzy inference schemes has been proposed. The first fuzzy inference scheme is to check the changes of the light illumination and rich red color of a frame image by the checking areas. The other is to check the variance of vehicle's speed and angle of steering wheel to select an adaptive size and position of the detection area. The Adaboost classifier was employed to detect the road sign candidates from an image and the support vector machine technique was employed to recognize the content of the road sign candidates. The prohibitory and warning road traffic signs are the processing targets in this research. The detection rate in the detection phase is 97.42%. In the recognition phase, the recognition rate is 93.04%. The total accuracy rate of the system is 92.47%. For video sequences, the best accuracy rate is 90.54%, and the average accuracy rate is 80.17%. The average computing time is 51.86 milliseconds per frame. The proposed system can not only overcome low illumination and rich red color around the road sign problems but also offer high detection rates and high computing performance.
Applicability of double-patterning process for fine-hole patterns (2012)

Self-aligned spacer Double Patterning (SADP) has been adopted in HVM of NAND FLASH memory device, because SADP can fabricate fine periodical line pattern more easily than pitch-split type DP. Furthermore, SADP can mitigate overlay accuracy such like pith-split type DP needed. The remarkable feature of SADP process is the adoption of a SiO<sub>2</sub> film that can be deposited at extremely low temperatures for spacer formation. SADP and this deposition process also produce wide applicability to density multiplication on hole pattern. In our previous study, hole pattern fabrication below 40nmhp was examined. 30nm hp hole pattern was viable with single 193-immersion exposure successfully with our newly developed process scheme named EKB, and ultimate down-scaling on hole pattern, achieved to 20nm hp, was introduced utilizing cross-SADP[1][2]. In logic device manufacturing, pattern layout is getting to single directional, tabbed Gridded design rule (GDR) for the mitigation of various lithographic issues. Although Self-aligned type DP for hole pattern can describe periodical layout, it is really enabled for future simplified pattern layout. In this paper, successful demonstration results would be introduced in process simplification, process extendibility, CD controllability and further downward scaling.