gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A System For Realistic Weather Rendering (2007)

Weather visualization has traditionally been restricted to surface models and 2-D representations. We present a visually accurate method for rendering volumetric multi-field weather data that includes cloud water, ice, rain, snow, and graupel hydrometeors. This representation better communicates the complex 3-D nature of weather, by rendering it according to physically based lighting and scattering characteristics of hydrometeor particles. The rendering system works with the new Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) NWP model as well as cumulus cloud dynamics models. We have successfully rendered a simulated WRF supercell storm at interactive rates with high visual accuracy. Therefore, improved NWP model evaluation can be achieved through this new visually accurate system. This software has potential uses in, not only weather forecasting and research, but in the education of weather spotters and the general public.
Carrier collectors for dye-sensitized solar cells (2005)

Upscaling the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a key issue that confronting the entry of this type cells in commercial market. Performance of large size DSSCs is always poor than small size cells because of high resistive losses associated with sheet resistance of conducting glass substrates. Here we show a simple method to reduce resistive loss, also, efficient collection of photo generated carriers through silver current collectors which are prepared on both working electrode and counter electrode substrates by screen printing method in analogy to conventional silicon solar cells. For long-term stability, to protect corrosion and to avoid charge recombination, silver current collectors were laminated by surlyn sheet. Using these substrates, DSSCs were prepared and their I-V characteristics have been studied as a function of light intensity and compared with normal cells which don't have silver carrier collectors.
On optimizing micropower MOS regulated cascode circuits on switched current techniques (2002)

Trade-off between settling time and micropower consumption in MOS regulated cascode current sources as building parts in high-accuracy, current-switching D/A converters is analyzed. The regulation-loop frequency characteristic is obtained and difficulties of imposing a dominant-pole condition for the resulting second-order system are discussed. Raising pole frequencies while meeting consumption requirements is basically limited by parasitic capacitances. An alternative is found by imposing a twin-pole system in which design constraints are somewhat relaxed and settling slightly faster. Relationships between pole frequencies, transistor geometry and bias are established. Simulated waveforms obtained with PSpice of designed circuits following a voltage perturbation suggest a good agreement with theory. The proposed approach applied to the design of a micropower current-mode D/A converter improves its simulated settling performance.
Synthetic, Structural, Photophysical and Computational Studies on π‐Conjugated 1,3,2‐Benzodiazaboroles with Carbazole Building Blocks (2010)

Abstract The reaction of the N ‐lithiated 3,6‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐carbazole ( 2 ) with 2‐bromo‐1,3‐diethyl‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaborole ( 1a ) and 2‐bromo‐1,3‐diphenyl‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaborole ( 1b ) afforded the 2‐ N ‐carbazolyl‐functionalized benzodiazaboroles 3a and 3b as colourless solids in 77 and 73 % yield, respectively.Synthesis of 2[5′‐ N ‐carbazolyl‐2′‐thienyl]‐1,3‐diethyl‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaborole ( 5a ) was effected by lithiation of N ‐(2‐thienyl)carbazole ( 4 ) and subsequent reaction with equimolar amounts of 1a , and 5a was obtained in 68 % yield. Similarly,2[5′‐ N ‐carbazolyl‐2′‐thienyl]‐1,3‐diphenyl‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaborole ( 5b ) was prepared from lithiated 4 and 1b in 62 % yield. Compounds 3a , b and 5a , b are characterized by elemental analyses, IR and NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H, 11 B, 13 C) and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of 3a and 5a were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction analysis. These borylated systems show intense blue luminescence. The spectroscopic results were reproduced by TD‐DFT calculations at the [B3LYP/6‐311G (d,p)] level of theory.
Self‐Healing Polymer Coatings Based on Crosslinked Metallosupramolecular Copolymers (2013)

Self-healing coating based on metallopolymers are prepared and fully characterized. Iron bisterpyridine complexes are incorporated into a polymer network based on methacrylates, resulting in self-healing properties of these materials. Moreover, the influence of the comonomers on the thermal properties is studied in detail.
The vulnerability of UAVs to cyber attacks - An approach to the risk assessment (2013)

By 2012 the U.S. military had increased its investment in research and production of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from $2.3 billion in 2008 to $4.2 billion [1]. Currently UAVs are used for a wide range of missions such as border surveillance, reconnaissance, transportation and armed attacks. UAVs are presumed to provide their services at any time, be reliable, automated and autonomous. Based on these presumptions, governmental and military leaders expect UAVs to improve national security through surveillance or combat missions. To fulfill their missions, UAVs need to collect and process data. Therefore, UAVs may store a wide range of information from troop movements to environmental data and strategic operations. The amount and kind of information enclosed make UAVs an extremely interesting target for espionage and endangers UAVs of theft, manipulation and attacks. Events such as the loss of an RQ-170 Sentinel to Iranian military forces on 4th December 2011 [2] or the “keylogging” virus that infected an U.S. UAV fleet at Creech Air Force Base in Nevada in September 2011 [3] show that the efforts of the past to identify risks and harden UAVs are insufficient. Due to the increasing governmental and military reliance on UAVs to protect national security, the necessity of a methodical and reliable analysis of the technical vulnerabilities becomes apparent. We investigated recent attacks and developed a scheme for the risk assessment of UAVs based on the provided services and communication infrastructures. We provide a first approach to an UAV specific risk assessment and take into account the factors exposure, communication systems, storage media, sensor systems and fault handling mechanisms. We used this approach to assess the risk of some currently used UAVs: The “MQ-9 Reaper” and the “AR Drone”. A risk analysis of the “RQ-170 Sentinel” is discussed.
Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, scleroderma) dermal fibroblasts synthesize increased amounts of glycosaminoglycan. (1983)

Fibroblast monolayers were established by explant culture of dermis from seven patients with early, rapidly advancing PSS (scleroderma) and from six normal individuals. Net GAG synthesis was measured as [3H]glucosamine incorporation into the polymer and also as total uronic acid accumulation in the cultures. Cultures from patients with PSS accumulated up to fivefold more GAG than did normal cultures. Evidence suggests that this is a result of increased synthesis rather than decreased degradation. PSS cultures simultaneously accumulated increased amounts of CSP as well as GAG. Data obtained from studies of several monolayers, followed for as many as 10 generations, show that the difference between PSS and normal cultures can be propagated. The total quantity of GAGs was increased in PSS cultures, and there were differences in the distribution of individual GAGs on a percentage basis in PSS and normal cell cultures. GAG, as well as collagen, may be important in the development of connective tissue thickening and induration in scleroderma.
High-performance arithmetic coding VLSI macro for the H.264 video compression standard (2005)

This work investigates the algorithmic complexity of arithmetic coding in the new H.264 video coding standard and proposes a coprocessor to reduce it by more than an order of magnitude. The coprocessor is based on an innovative algorithm named the MZ-coder and maintains the original coding efficiency with a multiplication-free, non-stalling, fully pipelined architecture with modest hardware requirements. The coprocessor delivers a constant throughput for both coding and decoding of 1 bit per cycle and can be attached to a controlling CPU whose ISA has been extended with arithmetic coding instructions.
Multireactive human monoclonal antibodies. (1990)

Human monoclonal antibodies were tested using different immunochemical procedures for their reactivity with various antigens. The great majority of human monoclonal IgM antibodies (15 out of 24) turned out to bind to a whole series of recognized antigens (DNA, keratin, tetanus toxin, ricin etc.). The specificity of these reactions was detected by competitive assays. For some antibodies a simultaneous reaction with two antigens could be demonstrated by capture bridge technique. IgG antibodies also turned out to be multireactive, but not to the same extent (range of antigens much smaller, only 5-6 out of 53).
Frequency-dependent angle scattering of ultrasound by liver (1982)

Ultrasonic scattering by one specimen of normal pig liver and two specimens of abnormal human liver has been measured as a function of angle and frequency at each angular position of transmit and receive transducers which were rotated in equal and opposite directions about the axis of a cylindrically shaped tissue sample. Mean data values were determined by averaging points at like frequencies and angular positions in scans made at intervals along the axis of the specimen. Sections of the specimens were obtained throughout its length and stained to emphasize structures containing collagen and connective tissue shown by acoustic microscopy to produce sound speed variations which are known to cause scattering. Using the stained sections as diffraction screens, calculations of scattering were carried out via Fourier transforms on a scale comparable to that in the acoustic studies for comparison with the acoustic data. In all specimens studied, mean acoustic scattering exhibited a general decrease in level with increasing scattering angle. The rate of decrease in acoustic scattering with angle agreed qualitatively with the calculations of average angular falloff of scattering by the stained sections. Lower rates of decrease were observed in tissues with more closely spaced collagen containing structures. Although the data derived from the few substantially different specimens studied is not intended to be representative of all liver, the results show a qualitative correspondence between acoustic scattering and visual appearance which depends on tissue components and their arrangement.
Ensemble Classifiers and Their Applications: A Review (2014)

Ensemble Classifiers and Their Applications: A Review     International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT)             © 2014 by IJCTT Journal Volume-10 Number-1 Year of
Tritium Removal by Membrane Separation (2001)

A 13-stage recycling cascade polyphosphazene membrane process was designed to separate tritium from water. The waste water stream is fed to the separation process at a flowrate of I gallon per minute and has an activity of 240,000 pCi/L (9.35e-11 g/min). This is twelve times the permissible activity level, as specified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The membrane separation process is designed to remove 95.00% of the tritium into the permeate, with 99.90% of the flow as EPA approved clean water (483,626 gal/yr). The process is contained in a 17 m glove box (operated at negative pressure) to prevent tritium contamination to the environment. The feed is filtered to remove calcium carbonate, and the solid waste is mixed with the tritium from the permeate into cement that is placed in 55 gal stainless steel barrels. Should any tritium leak into the glove box, a cryogenic cooler will condense the water from the air and return it to the cement mixer. The barrels will be shipped to a landfill (35 barrels/yr). The net present value of for this preliminary design is -$10,113,610 (most of which is the cost oflabor).
Automated test pattern generation for analog integrated circuits (2002)

An algorithm for the generation of tests for analog integrated circuits is proposed. It starts from a generated fault list and ranges specified by the user and determines optimal test signals that maximize the detectability of all faults. As statistical fluctuations have to be considered when evaluating analog circuits, it is based on a statistical test criterion. Two examples demonstrate the practical use and versatility of this approach.
Transient and sustained increases in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate precede the differential growth response in gravistimulated maize pulvini (1999)

The internodal maize pulvinus responds to gravistimulation with differential cell elongation on the lower side. As the site of both graviperception and response, the pulvinus is an ideal system to study how organisms sense changes in orientation. We observed a transient 5-fold increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) within 10 s of gravistimulation in the lower half of the pulvinus, indicating that the positional change was sensed immediately. Over the first 30 min, rapid IP3 fluctuations were observed between the upper and lower halves. Maize plants require a presentation time of between 2 and 4 h before the cells on the lower side of the pulvinus are committed to elongation. After 2 h of gravistimulation, the lower half consistently had higher IP3, and IP3 levels on the lower side continued to increase up to approximately 5-fold over basal levels before visible growth. As bending became visible after 8-10 h, IP3 levels returned to basal values. Additionally, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase activity in the lower pulvinus half increased transiently within 10 min of gravistimulation, suggesting that the increased IP3 production was accompanied by an up-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate biosynthesis. Neither IP3 levels nor phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase activity changed in pulvini halves from vertical control plants. Our data indicate the involvement of IP3 and inositol phospholipids in both short- and long-term responses to gravistimulation. As a diffusible second messenger, IP3 provides a mechanism to transmit and amplify the signal from the perceiving to the responding cells in the pulvinus, coordinating a synchronized growth response.
The treatment of fibrous non-union of fractures by pulsing electromagnetic stimulation (1982)

Fifty-three ununited fractures with a median time since injury of 28 months were treated by electrical stimulation using pulsing electromagnetic fields. Union was achieved in 38 cases (71.7 per cent) in a median time of six months. For ununited fractures of the tibia the success rate was higher at 86.7 per cent. Previous or active sepsis, the presence of plates or nails, the age of the patient or the time since the injury did not affect the results. Analysis of the failures suggests that inadequate immobilisation, a fracture gap of more than five millimetres or the presence of a screw in the fracture gap was responsible. In four patients no cause of failure could be determined.
Experimental study apoptosis and differentiation on K562 and CML cell induced by homoharringtonine (2001)

Objective To elucidate the effects induced by homoharringtonine(HHT) on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Method Using cell growth curve, cloning ability, intracellular hemoglobin content determination, cell morphology, DNA gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry, we explored the patterns of HHT acting on K562 cell line and fresh CML cells. Then RT PCR was used to detect the changes of expression of bcr abl, c myc and max genes. Results Low concentration of HHT inhibited the cloning ability of K562 and increased the content of intracellular hemoglobin within K562 cells; 0.1～5.0μmol/L HHT could induce apoptosis of K562 cells and 6 cases of CML cells; Cell cycle analysis showed that cells were blocked at G1 phase; C myc gene was down regulated at 24h after HHT treatment, while there were no changes in bcr abl and max gene. Conclusion Low concentration HHT may inhibit proliferation of K562 and induce differentiation into erythroid lineage; Apoptosis was detected in K562 cells and CML cells when the concentration of HHT reached a certain threshold; HHT may block the cell cycle by downregulating the c myc/max expression. (Shanghai Med J, 2001,24∶166)
The surface expression of a tumor‐associated antigen on human kappa myeloma cells (1984)

The monoclonal antibody K-1-21 defines an antigen, KMA (kappa myeloma antigen) on the surface of human kappa myeloma cells. K-1-21 also recognizes human kappa light chains in free form but not when covalently bonded to heavy chains. To examine the relationship between KMA and this determinant on free kappa chains, the surface expression of KMA was examined on the IgG, kappa myeloma line LICR LON/HMy2 (HMy2). No patching or capping was observed in the presence of K-1-21 alone, but KMA could be capped if the cells were incubated with K-1-21 followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated sheep F(ab')2 anti-mouse immunoglobulin. Capping was not affected by the inhibitors calcium ionophore or dibucaine. When IgG molecules were removed from the cell surface by capping with anti-IgG antiserum both KMA and free kappa light chains could still be detected with K-1-21 and a polyvalent anti-kappa antiserum, respectively. By contrast, after removal of all surface kappa chains with the polyvalent anti-kappa serum, no staining was observed with K-1-21 indicating that KMA may be an epitope on free kappa chains inserted in the membrane of kappa myeloma cells but absent from normal cells. KMA cell surface expression varied with the stage of the cell cycle. Flow cytometric analysis of K-1-21-stained HMy2 cells from either continuous cultures or from elutriated fractions enriched for various cell cycle phases showed that, within the cycling population, cells in G2 + M expressed KMA at a higher frequency and density than did cells in G1.
Effects of Gamma‐Irradiation on Flatulence‐Causing Oligosaccharides in Green Gram ( <i>Phaseolus Areus</i> ) (1983)

ABSTRACT Effects of gamma‐irradiation (l–10 kGy) on flatulence‐causing oligosaccharides of green gram were investigated. Irradiation at 2.5 kGy of hydrated seeds caused nearly 20% loss in their total content; but, 50% each of stachyose and raffinose, the two most gas‐forming sugars, was reduced. However, oligosaccharides disappeared completely from germinated (48 hr) seeds, irradiated at 2.5–10 kGy; though α‐galactosidase activity was not changed. When irradiated green gram flour was subjected to enzymic hydrolysis, significantly more reducing sugars were liberated. Quantitative analysis of the breakdown products of raffinose also suggested that radiation treatment stimulated the glycosidic cleavage of higher sugar molecules to simpler, easily digestible sugars. Thus radiation treatment of green gram is effective for elimination of oligosaccharides during germination.
Autoimmunity in atherosclerosis: a protective response losing control? (2008)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins, increased cell death and hypertrophic degeneration of the arterial intima. The disease process is associated with local formation of modified self antigens that are targeted by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Although it remains to be firmly established it is likely that these autoimmune responses initially have a beneficial effect facilitating the removal of potentially harmful rest products from oxidized LDL and dying cells. However, studies performed on hypercholesterolaemic mice deficient in different components of the immune system uniformly suggest that the net effect of immune activation is pro-atherogenic and that atherosclerosis, at least to some extent, should be regarded as an autoimmune disease. These observations point to the possibility of developing new treatments for atherosclerosis based on modulation of immune responses against plaque antigens, an approach presently tested clinically for several other chronic inflammatory diseases with autoimmune components. Pilot studies in animals have provided promising results for both parental and oral vaccines based on oxidized LDL antigens. The time when this concept is ready for clinical testing is rapidly approaching but it will be important not to underestimate the difficulties that will be encountered in transferring the promising results from experimental animals into humans.
Elaboracao de um Produto a base de Esgargot (Helix aspersa) (2007)

A carne de escargot foi analisada sob o ponto de vista quimico e microbiologico. Quatro formulacoes de uma pasta (pate) de escargot, contendo 30%, 40%, 60% e 80% dessa materia-prima, foram elaboradas e submetidas a um teste de ordenacao para avaliacao da preferencia. O produto preferido foi o formulado com 40% de carne de escargot, e teve sua aceitacao avaliada, mediante uma escala hedonica de nove pontos, por 100 pessoas da comunidade universitaria. A avaliacao hedonica correspondeu a "Gostei moderadamente", com a estimativa da media de 7,24. A formulacao eleita teve sua composicao quimica definida e entao estocada por 28 dias a temperatura de refrigeracao. Mediante controle quimico e microbiologico, foi demonstrado que aos 21 dias de armazenamento o produto encontrava-se em condicoes de consumo.
Phase Behavior of Ternary Systems of the Type H<sub>2</sub>OOilNonionic Amphiphile (Microemulsions) (1985)

Abstract Liquid multicomponent systems of the type H 2 O‐oil‐amphiphile‐electrolyte are of growing interest, both in industry and in research. In applications technology, there are two problems to solve: 1. To prepare stable homogeneous solutions of H 2 O and nonpolar liquids with as little amphiphile as possible which can be diluted with H 2 O in all proportions without phase separation; e.g., concentrated solutions of drugs, herbicides, or insecticides. 2. To prepare stable mixtures of an aqueous, an amphiphile, and an oil phase with as little amphiphile as possible which are employed in tertiary oil recovery and in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, such systems may be used for performing chemical reactions in heterogeneous liquid mixtures with continuously variable properties. In research, such systems are of interest for both experimental and theoretical studies of critical phenomena, especially near so‐called tricritical points. Last but not least, their properties may stimulate further research in the field of associated solutions. In this paper we summarize the results of our studies on the phase behavior of ternary systems with nonionic amphiphiles, in particular with respect to the evolution of liquid three‐phase bodies. The results suggest that the tricritical points in such systems should be regarded as kinds of pivot points from which the phase behavior evolves. If this were an approach to reality, the phase behavior would be governed in more or less good approximation by universal scaling laws, irrespective of the particular microstructure of the solutions. Finally, we discuss the effect of electrolytes on the phase behavior both in a quaternary phase tetrahedron and a pseudoternary phase prism representation. Although in practice most systems consist of mixtures of oils, amphiphiles, and electrolytes, an understanding of the phase behavior of truly ternary and quaternary systems with chemically well‐defined components permits at least qualitative predictions with respect to the phase behavior of the multicomponent mixtures encountered in practice.