gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Genome Reduction on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Regulation (2009)

To understand basic principles of bacterial metabolism organization and regulation, but also the impact of genome size, we systematically studied one of the smallest bacteria, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A manually curated metabolic network of 189 reactions catalyzed by 129 enzymes allowed the design of a defined, minimal medium with 19 essential nutrients. More than 1300 growth curves were recorded in the presence of various nutrient concentrations. Measurements of biomass indicators, metabolites, and 13C-glucose experiments provided information on directionality, fluxes, and energetics; integration with transcription profiling enabled the global analysis of metabolic regulation. Compared with more complex bacteria, the M. pneumoniae metabolic network has a more linear topology and contains a higher fraction of multifunctional enzymes; general features such as metabolite concentrations, cellular energetics, adaptability, and global gene expression responses are similar, however.
Comparison of axillary, oral, and forehead temperature. (1980)

The forehead Fever Scan gave a better estimate of oral temperature than did axillary temperature in 36 children with and without fever.
On reconfigurable on-chip data caches (1991)

Cache memory has shown to be the most important technique to bridge the gap between the processor speed and the memory access time. The advent of high-speed RISC and superscalar processors, however, calls for small on-chip data caches. Due to physical limitations, these should be simply designed and yet yield good performance.
Reduced Serum IgG Responses to Pneumococcal Antigens in Otitis-Prone Children May Be Due to Poor Memory B-Cell Generation (2012)

A low level of serum antibody to antigens expressed by Streptococcus pneumoniae has been proposed to explain the susceptibility of children to recurrent episodes of acute otitis media (hereafter, "otitis-prone children"). By use of enzyme-linked immunospot assays, the percentages of memory B cells to pneumococcal protein antigens PhtD, LytB, PcpA, PhtE, and Ply were compared between otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children at the time of acute otitis media or nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae. We found significantly lower percentages of memory B cells to 3 pneumococcal protein antigens (PhtD, PhtE, and Ply) and reduced antigen-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations in otitis-prone children, compared with non-otitis-prone children.
Modulation of Fibronectin Production of Bovine Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Transforming Growth Factor-β (1992)

Regulation of airway repair after injury is poorly understood but is thought to be important in the development of airway diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma. There is evidence that fibronectin (Fn), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has a role in repair processes. In addition, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is also likely involved in would healing and is known to influence extracellular matrix constituents in other cell systems. We postulated that TGF-beta may effect airway repair by modulating Fn production from airway epithelial cells. To examine this hypothesis, we studied the effect of TGF-beta 1 on Fn production by bovine bronchial epithelial cells in culture. Fn, released into the media of cultures exposed to TGF-beta 1, increased in a dose- and time-responsive fashion. Fn in the cell layer also increased in response to TGF-beta 1. De novo protein synthesis was demonstrated by an increase in [35S]methionine incorporation into Fn immunoprecipitated from media of TGF-beta-treated cultures. TGF-beta 1 also induced an increase in expression of Fn mRNA from cultured bronchial epithelial cells, suggesting that TGF-beta modulates Fn production of these cells, at least in part, through modulation of Fn gene expression. These data support a role for TGF-beta in airway repair through modulation of Fn production by airway epithelium.
Prototyping and evaluation of landcons (2006)

Sighted people use vision to quickly access a rich amount of information about their environment. Blind users are deprived of this information, which compromises their abilities both to understand their surroundings and to navigate within them. Alternative sensory information, such as sound or touch, is substituted for the missing stimulus [7]. This information supports navigation in the immediate vicinity, e.g., the location of obstacles and hazards, but does not provide the location of distant unique objects which sighted people often use as navigating landmarks. The opportunity exists to electronically augment a blind user's environment with information about distant landmarks, e.g., information that would allow a blind person to turn in a circle, listen to distant landmarks, and then proceed in a direction guided by a chosen landmark.
Regulation of fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction by platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-1 <i>α</i> and transforming growth factor-<i>β</i>1 (1992)

We have examined the effects of three macrophage-derived cytokines, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) on the contraction of collagen type I gels populated by human foreskin fibroblasts. Contraction was quantified as loss in gel weight. Both PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB were found to induce a rapid collagen-gel contraction. TGF-beta 1 also stimulated gel contraction but with a delayed onset and at a slower rate than the PDGF-stimulated contraction. Rabbit polyclonal IgGs recognizing PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB, respectively, specifically inhibited the effects of the corresponding PDGF isoforms. However, the stimulatory effect of TGF-beta 1 was not affected by any of the anti-PDGF antibodies. The ability of PDGF to stimulate contraction became less pronounced in collagen gel cultures grown in the absence of growth factors over periods of several days. Under the same conditions, the stimulatory effect of TGF-beta 1 was not reduced. The reduced response to PDGF may be due to reduced tension on fibroblasts growing in collagen gels, since fibroblasts on free-floating gels showed a marked reduction in PDGF-BB-induced PDGF beta-receptor aggregates when compared to fibroblasts on attached collagen gels. IL-1 alpha inhibited initial collagen gel contraction, and at later stages induced a visible degradation of the collagen gels, presumably due to the generation of collagenase activity. The combination of IL-1 alpha and PDGF-BB stimulated initial collagen gel contraction, although less effectively than PDGF-BB alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for Venous Thromboembolism (1997)

For prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism, low-molecular-weight heparin is as effective as standard, unfractionated heparin and has fewer adverse effects. Moreover, selected patients can use it at home.
The aspect ratio effect of drug nanocrystals on cellular internalization efficiency, uptake mechanisms, and in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficiencies (2015)

In this paper, we investigated the aspect ratio (AR) effect of anticancer drug nanocrystals (NCs) on their cellular internalization efficiency, uptake mechanisms, biodistributions as well as in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficiencies. Both confocal imaging and flow cytometry show that shorter NCs with AR = 1.3 have a much faster cellular uptake rate and a much higher anticancer efficacy than longer NCs. All NCs with different ARs were found to enter the cells via an energy-dependent clathrin-mediated pathway. In vivo experiments indicate that NCs with higher ARs have a shorter half-life and are more easily captured by the liver, while the corresponding tumor uptake decreased. We also observed that NCs with the smallest AR have the highest therapeutic efficacy with appreciably less weight loss. These results would assist in the future design of drug NCs and may lead to the development of new drug nanostructures for biomedical applications.
[Lymphocyte phenotypes and their correlation with clinical features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)]. (1990)

Lymphocyte phenotypes of peripheral blood from 32 SLE patients and 30 normal subjects were studied with 13 kinds of monoclonal antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence technique. The results showed that T4+, T8+, T3+ and T11+ cells decreased in active cases of SLE, while Ia+, IL2R1+ and PCA-1+ cells increased, other B-cell phenotypes (B1, B2, B4, IgM, IgG, IgD) showed no significant difference from those of the normal group. Thus, in inactive SLE after therapeutic management, the numbers of T3+, T11+, T4+, Ia+ and IL2R1+ cells no longer show any abnormality, but the numbers of T8+, PCA-1+ cells and the level of serum IgG are still higher than normal. From the above-mentioned results, it was shown that: 1. The key change in active SLE is the abnormality of immunoregulatory T cells, especially T4+ cells; 2. In active SLE, some of the T cells have been activated in vivo and these immunocompetent cells play an important role in immunoglobulin production of B cells; 3. The hyperactivity of humoral immunity is mainly related to the increase of PCA-1+ cells under the regulation of T cells; 4. Both the lymphocyte phenotypes and clinical features of SLE showed heterogeneity.
acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study (2007)

Background: Finding an effective treatment for acne that is well tolerated by the patients is a challenge. One study has suggested the efficacy of tea tree oil in treatment of the acne vulgaris. Aim: To determine the efficacy of tea tree oil in mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Methods: This was a randomized double-blind clinical trial performed in 60 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. They were randomly divided into two groups and were treated with tea tree oil gel (n=30) or placebo (n=30). They were followed every 15 days for a period of 45 days. Response to treatment was evaluated by the total acne lesions counting (TLC) and acne severity index (ASI). The data was analyzed statistically using t-test and by SPSS program. Results: There were no significant differences regarding demographic characteristics between the two groups. There was a significant difference between tea tree oil gel and placebo in the improvement of the TLC and also regarding improvement of the ASI. In terms of TLC and ASI, tea tree oil gel was 3.55 times and 5.75 times more effective than placebo respectively. Side-effects with both groups were relatively similar and tolerable. Conclusion: Topical 5% tea tree oil is an effective treatment for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
<title>Fuzzy-connected 3D image segmentation at interactive speeds</title> (2000)

Image segmentation techniques using fuzzy connectedness principles have shown their effectiveness in segmenting a variety of objects in several large applications in recent years. However, one problem with these algorithms has been their excessive computational requirements. In an attempt to substantially speed them up, in the present paper, we study systematically a host of 18 algorithms under two categories -- label correcting and label setting. Extensive testing of these algorithms on a variety of 3D medical images taken from large ongoing applications demonstrates that a 20 - 360 fold improvement over current speeds is achievable with a combination of algorithms and fast modern PCs. The reliable recognition (assisted by human operators) and the accurate, efficient, and sophisticated delineation (automatically performed by the computer) can be effectively incorporated into a single interactive process. If images having intensities with tissue specific meaning (such as CT or standardized MR images) are utilized, all parameters for the segmentation method can be fixed once for all, all intermediate data can be computed before the user interaction is needed, and the user can be provided with more information at the time of interaction.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of the Stable Iron Carbonyl Complex [Fe(CO)(N4Py)](ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>: Photoactivated Carbon Monoxide Release, Growth Inhibitory Activity, and Peptide Ligation (2011)

Photoactivated carbon monoxide (CO) release by the iron carbonyl complex [Fe(II)(CO)(N4Py)](ClO(4))(2) (1) is described. Compound 1 is a low-spin ferrous complex that is highly stable and soluble in aerobic aqueous solutions. CO release was studied by the substitution of MeCN for CO, which displays saturation kinetics, and by the transfer of CO to deoxymyoglobin, which is slow in the dark but fast upon irradiation with UV light (365 nm). Compound 1 is active against PC-3 prostate cancer cells and shows potent photoinduced cytotoxicity. In addition, the iron carbonyl complex was attached to a short peptide toward the goal of tissue or cell-specific delivery.
Thermodynamic investigations of solid-state Si-metal interactions. II. General analysis of Si-metal binary systems (1990)

Silicides, amorphous alloys, and metal-induced crystallization of amorphous Si are commonly encountered in solid-state reactions between Si and metals. In order to investigate the possible correlations between these phenomena, a thermodynamic analysis was made on various binary systems consisting of Si and metals. It was revealed that (1) the capability of forming silicides between Si and a transition metal results from the largely negative heat of mixing in a certain medium composition range of the two elements; (2) amorphous Si-metal alloys may form not only in the systems which form silicides, but also in some systems which do not form stable silicides; and (3) the phenomenon of metal-induced crystallization of amorphous Si occurs in a Si-rich composition range of a binary system, which is attributed to the lowering of Si—Si bonding energy, owing to the incorporation of metal species. A model describing the phenomenon is developed.
Rough modelling of logistics networks (1995)

The problems associated with supply chains are seldom simply and easily understood. Many tools and algorithms have been developed to help decision makers, but the applicability of these tools is limited to distinct parts of the system or they attempt to comprise the system resulting in a complicated use of the model. For a decision maker who wants to understand the problems of a supply chain as a whole and has limited time resources, only spreadsheet, pen and paper are offered. Discusses a tool which has been developed to model the logistics networks quickly and easily and to enable comparison of different supply chains on a rough level. Uses four principles when building this tool: reduction of the number of variables, creating a holistic view of the chain, use of simple calculations and the scenario approach. The tool for modelling logistics networks has been successfully applied to different kinds of industries in various problem situations.
Development of the needle optimization technique and new features of OptiLayer design software (1994)

The needle optimization technique is being further developed to provide a synthesis of optical coatings with layers of more than two materials. In the new version of OptiLayer, optimal layer materials are found automatically. Designing of coatings intended for wide angle of incidence ranges is possible. Several examples demonstrate an application of the needle optimization technique to complicated design problems
Preferential Solvation of Lithium Cations and Impacts on Oxygen Reduction in Lithium–Air Batteries (2015)

The solvation of Li+ with 11 nonaqueous solvents commonly used as electrolytes for lithium batteries was studied. The solvation preferences of different solvents were compared by means of electrospray mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation. The relative strength of the solvent for the solvation of Li+ was determined. The Lewis acidity of the solvated Li+ cations was determined by the preferential solvation of the solvent in the solvation shell. The kinetics of the catalytic disproportionation of the O2•- depends on the relative Lewis acidity of the solvated Li+ ion. The impact of the solvated Li+ cation on the O2 redox reaction was also investigated.
High temperature (&#x226B;200&#x00B0;C) isolated gate drive topologies for Silicon Carbide (SiC) JFET (2008)

Volume and weight limitations for components in hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) propulsion systems demand highly-compact and highly-efficient power electronics. The application of silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor technology in conjunction with high temperature (HT) operation allows the power density of the DC-DC converters and inverters to be increased. Elevated ambient temperatures of above 200degC also affects the gate drives attached to the power semiconductors. This paper focuses on the selection of HT components and discusses different gate drive topologies for SiC JFETs with respect to HT operation capability, limitations, dynamic performance and circuit complexity. An experimental performance comparison of edge-triggered and phase-difference HT drivers with a conventional room temperature JFET gate driver is given. The proposed edge-triggered gate driver offers high switching speeds and a cost effective implementation. Switching tests at 200degC approve an excellent performance at high temperature and a low temperature drift of the driver output voltage.
Developing a speech intelligibility test based on measuring speech reception thresholds in noise for English and Finnish (2005)

A subjective test was developed suitable for evaluating the effect of mobile communications devices on sentence intelligibility in background noise. Originally a total of 25 lists, each list including 16 sentences, were developed in British English and Finnish to serve as the test stimuli representative of adult language today. The sentences, produced by two male and two female speakers, were normalized for naturalness, length, and intelligibility in each language. The sentence sets were balanced with regard to the expected lexical and phonetic distributions in the given language. The sentence lists are intended for adaptive measurement of speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in noise. In the verification of the test stimuli, SRTs were measured for ten subjects in Finnish and nine subjects in English. Mean SRTs were -2.47 dB in Finnish and -1.12 dB in English, with standard deviations of 1.61 and 2.36 dB, respectively. The mean thresholds did not vary significantly between the lists or the talkers after two lists were removed from the Finnish set and one from the English set. Thus the numbers of lists were reduced from 25 to 23 and 24, respectively. The statistical power of the test increased when thresholds were averaged over several sentence lists. With three lists per condition, the test is able to detect a 1.5-dB difference in SRTs with the probability of about 90%.
<i>RHC</i> and <i>RHc</i> genotyping in different ethnic groups (2002)

Reliable RHC and RHc genotyping is possible in different ethnic groups with the RHC/c/hex3-intron 4/exon 7 multiplex PCR approach.
<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> facilitates ulcerative colitis through activating IL‐17F signaling to NF‐κB via the upregulation of CARD3 expression (2019)

Accumulating evidence links Fusobacterium nucleatum with ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanism by which F. nucleatum promotes intestinal inflammation in UC remains poorly defined. Here, we first examined the abundance and impact of F. nucleatum on disease activity in UC tissues. Next, we isolated a strain of F. nucleatum from UC tissues and explored whether F. nucleatum aggravates the intestinal inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. We also examined whether F. nucleatum infection involves the NF-κB or IL-17F signaling pathways. Our data showed that F. nucleatum was enriched in 51.78% of UC tissues and was correlated with the clinical course, clinical activity and refractory behavior of UC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we demonstrated that F. nucleatum promoted intestinal epithelial damage and the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, Il-6, IL-17F and TNF-α. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum targeted caspase activation and recruitment domain 3 (CARD3) through NOD2 to activate the IL-17F/NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Thus, F. nucleatum orchestrates a molecular network involving CARD3 and IL-17F to control the UC process. Measuring and targeting F. nucleatum and its associated pathways will yield valuable insight into the prevention and treatment of UC. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binary frontal polymerization: A new method to produce simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks (SINs) (1997)

We report a new method for the preparation of a simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network (SIN) using a thermal propagating front of two independent and noninterfering polymerization mechanisms. The system consists of the free radical crosslinking of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TGDMA) and the amine/BCl3 · amine curing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The front velocity dependence on the percentage of each monomer shows a minimum at 45% TGDMA. Temperature profile measurements indicate that a single reaction front propagates. A colored opaque material is produced, but SEM and TEM analysis were inconclusive whether phase separation occurred. Samples as large as 5 cm in diameter were prepared with this method. We conclude that this method should be especially suited for preparing large samples of IPNs in which significant phase separation occurs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pro PHP Refactoring (2010)

Many businesses and organizations depend on older high-value PHP software that risks abandonment because it is impossible to maintain. The reasons for this may be that the software is not well designed; there is only one developer (the one who created the system) who can develop it because he didn't use common design patterns and documentation; or the code is procedural, not object oriented. With this book, you'll learn to identify problem code and refactor it to create more effective applications using test-driven design. What you'll learn * What refactoring is and why you need to refactor co
Microstrip-line-fed compact microstrip antenna with broadband operation (2002)

In order to meet the requirement for mobile or personal communication systems, microstrip antennas with reduced size and broadband operation are of particular interest. Among the various feeding mechanisms, the compact broadband microstrip antennas directly matched to a 50-/spl Omega/ microstrip line are also of importance, for its usefulness in integration with microwave integrated circuits. For this purpose, we present in this article several related designs of microstrip antennas to broaden the operating bandwidth and reduce the overall size of the antenna. These compact broadband designs are achieved using a chip-resistor loading, which effectively lowers the resonant frequency of the microstrip antenna, improves the antenna bandwidth, and eases the stringent tolerance of the impedance matching problem. In this study, details of the antenna designs using chip-resistor loading are described. Experimental results of the designs with rectangular, circular, and triangular microstrip patches are presented and discussed.