gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Model Explanation System: Latest Updates and Extensions (2016)

We propose a general model explanation system (MES) for "explaining" the output of black box classifiers. This paper describes extensions to Turner (2015), which is referred to frequently in the text. We use the motivating example of a classifier trained to detect fraud in a credit card transaction history. The key aspect is that we provide explanations applicable to a single prediction, rather than provide an interpretable set of parameters. We focus on explaining positive predictions (alerts). However, the presented methodology is symmetrically applicable to negative predictions.
An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the delta opioid receptor (DOR-1) inhibits morphine tolerance and acute dependence in mice (1996)

Pharmacological data from several laboratories support a modulatory role for the delta opioid receptor in morphine analgesia, tolerance, and physical dependence. We examined the role of the delta opioid receptor in these processes using an in vivo antisense strategy in mice. Intracerebroventricular administration of a 20mer antisense or a mismatch control oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeting the mRNA of the cloned delta opioid receptor (DOR-1) for 3 days did not affect baseline nociceptive thresholds or morphine analgesia compared to untreated or saline-treated mice. However, dose-response studies indicate that the induction of morphine tolerance following 3 days of chronic morphine administration was blocked in antisense but not mismatch ODN or saline-treated mice. Antisense ODN treatment also blocked the development of acute morphine dependence, whereas similar protection was not afforded to mice treated with saline or mismatch ODN. This study demonstrates the relevance of the cloned DOR-1 in morphine tolerance and dependence and provides new evidence for a modulatory role of the delta opioid receptor using this novel approach.
Molecular Breast Imaging: Use of a Dual-Head Dedicated Gamma Camera to Detect Small Breast Tumors (2008)

Gains in sensitivity with the dual-head system molecular breast imaging are partially due to increased confidence in lesion detection. Molecular breast imaging can reliably detect breast lesions < 2 cm and dual-head molecular breast imaging can significantly increase sensitivity for subcentimeter lesions.
Relentless: The Japanese Way of Marketing (1997)

Part 1: breaking the mould - how Japanese marketers think about themselves and their customers. Part 2: intuitive strategists incrementalism targeting competitors. Part 3: getting it done - new products and product-lines different ways of approaching pricing and advertising - managing the distribution channels finale - conquering new markets in the West the downside of the Japanese approach.
Ovulation and Early Embryogenesis in Swine1 (1990)

Thirty gilts were used to examine if the sequence in which oocytes were released at ovulation contributed to differences in embryonic development and uterine secretions by Day 12 (Day 0 = onset of estrus). Oocytes of follicles destined to ovulate last were recovered 42 h after injecting proestrous gilts with hCG, incubated with a fluorescent stain, and returned to the donor's oviduct. These later-maturing oocytes subsequently became the lesser-developed (p less than 0.01) embryos on Day 4. In a second experiment, lesser- vs. more-developed Day 4 embryos from additional gilts were transferred to ligated uterine horns of nonpregnant gilts. Subsequently, the lesser-developed Day 4 embryos became the smaller (p less than 0.01) blastocysts within a litter on Day 12. Uterine flushings associated with lesser-developed embryos on Day 12 contained less estradiol (p less than 0.01), less total protein (p less than 0.10), and less acid phosphatase activity (p less than 0.05), but total content of calcium was not different compared to flushings that contained more-developed embryos. Analysis of uterine flushings with two-dimensional PAGE procedures indicated advanced uteroferrin-associated glycoprotein secretion from the horn that contained more-developed embryos. Results of these experiments suggested that oocytes of later-ovulating follicles were progenitors of smaller embryos, which probably stimulated uterine secretion later than more advanced littermates on Day 12.
.eta.2-Pyrrole complexes as synthons to alkaloid derivatives (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.eta.2-Pyrrole complexes as synthons to alkaloid derivativesL. Mark Hodges, Javier Gonzalez, Jason I. Koontz, William H. Myers, and W. D. HarmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 18, 4788–4790Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00070a006Request reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (429 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Anchoring both ends of the chromophore in the side-chain nonlinear optical polymer for improved thermal stability (1993)

We report our study of a second-order nonlinear optical polymer in which the chromophores were first attached at one end to the polymer backbone as side chains and then crosslinked at the other end during electric field poling and thermal curing. The corona poled polymer films showed a sizable second-harmonic generation coefficient d<SUB>33</SUB> of 60 pm/V at 1.064 micrometers fundamental wavelength. The cured polymer film showed long-term stable nonlinearity from room temperature to 90 $DEGC. Improved thermal stability at 125 $DEGC was also obtained. A simple and quick method for measuring the short-term thermal stability of nonlinearity is presented.
Fast Convex Optimization Algorithms for Exact Recovery of a Corrupted Low-Rank Matrix (2009)

Abstract. This paper studies algorithms for solving the problem of recovering a low-rank matrix with a fraction of its entries arbitrarily corrupted. This problem can be viewed as a robust version of classical PCA, and arises in a number of application domains, including image processing, web data ranking, and bioinformatic data analysis. It was recently shown that under surprisingly broad conditions, it can be exactly solved via a convex programming surrogate that combines nuclear norm minimization and ℓ1-norm minimization. This paper develops and compares two complementary approaches for solving this convex program. The first is an accelerated proximal gradient algorithm directly applied to the primal; while the second is a gradient algorithm applied to the dual problem. Both are several orders of magnitude faster than the previous state-of-the-art algorithm for this problem, which was based on iterative thresholding. Simulations demonstrate the performance improvement that can be obtained via these two algorithms, and clarify their relative merits.
Structural characteristics of peptidoglycan fragments required to prime mice for induction of anaphylactoid reactions by lipopolysaccharides (1996)

Structural characteristics of peptidoglycan fragments required to prime mice for the induction of anaphylactoid reactions by Salmonella abortusequi lipopolysaccharide were examined in endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice, with special focus on the disaccharide-pentapeptide [N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta(1-4)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D -isoglutaminyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl (DAP)-D-alanyl-D -alanine] and its smaller partial derivatives. The bacterial and synthetic muramyl tripeptides (DAP- and lysine [Lys]-type, respectively) and synthetic muramyl dipeptide primed mice for induction of anaphylactoid reactions accompanied by death within 1 h. The disaccharide-tripeptide exhibited weaker activity, and the disaccharide-tetrapeptide and muramyl tetrapeptide exhibited marginal activity. In contrast, intact peptidoglycans of various bacteria and the disaccharide-pentapeptide lacked the priming activity, although they showed adjuvant activity similar to that of the above components.
Correlation of Placental Isoferritin with Birth Weight and Time Point of First Contractions (1995)

In a prospective study, the correlation between serum levels of placental isoferritin (PLF) and outcome of pregnancy was determined in 56 pregnant women. Women with contractions before the 36th week of pregnancy showed significantly lower PLF values compared with women with later contractions (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a strong correlation of PLF levels with birth weight was observed. In 11 (79%) cases with a birth weight < 2,500 g (group A), PLF values were < 10 U/ml whereas only 14% (6 of 42) of women with babies with a birth weight > 2,500 g (group B) revealed PLF levels < 10 U/ml. Because it has been shown previously that PLF has immunosuppressive properties, the secretion of PLF by the placenta could be responsible for the inhibition of the immunoreactivity of the maternal lymphocytes against the embryo. The strong correlation of low PLF values with preterm contractions and/or low birth weight recommends the determination of this protein as a marker for monitoring women with high risk pregnancies.
A new etching technique for damage track detectors (1973)

Abstract The etching reagents rapidly diffuse in the fine channels produced in insulators by the passage of the charged particles. Conductive channels are thus produced, which penetrate the insulating foils. By applying H.V. square or sirusoidal waveforms through the irradiated insulator, the currents and treeing phenomena produced in the conductive paths increase the preferential chemical etching of the tracks. This type of etching enables us to enlarge the damage tracks at will and in some cases to increase the sensitivity of damage track registration. Furthermore the damage trails produced by heavy ions provide a successful tool to study treeing mechanisms on electrical insulators.
Novel X‐linked syndrome of cardiac valvulopathy, keloid scarring, and reduced joint mobility due to filamin A substitution G1576R (2015)

Filamin A (FLNA) is known to be involved in intracellular actin binding, cell migration, scaffolding, and signaling. We report a novel X‐linked syndrome characterized by cardiac valvular disease, keloid scarring and reduced joint mobility in male second cousins due to a previously unreported mutation in FLNA. Whole exome sequencing was performed using standard methods and segregation analysis was performed in affected and non‐affected family members. A novel hemizygous c.4726G>A (p.G1576R) mutation in FLNA was detected. Segregation analysis performed on multiple maternal family members showed c.4726G>A (p.G1576R) segregated with disease in an X‐linked inheritance pattern. The findings in these cases are distinct from previously described FLNA related disorders by virtue of decreased joint mobility and spontaneous keloid scarring. They occur in association with a novel mutation and represent a novel genetic syndrome. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolation of a Microsporidian from a Human Patient (1990)

Several genera of microsporidia have been identified morphologically in human tissue but none has yet been propagated in vitro. These primitive, obligate intracellular parasitic protozoa are poorly understood pathogens of a wide variety of vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans they are especially important as opportunistic pathogens in AIDS patients. A microsporidian was recovered from a human patient and propagated in vitro. The organism has diplokarya, divides by binary fission, and often is found free in the host cell cytoplasm. The name Nosema corneum is suggested.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA CONTABILIDADE PARA A ADMINISTRAÇÃO TRIBUTÁRIA (2009)

A finalidade deste artigo é discorrer sobre a contribuição da contabilidade para a arrecadação de tributos, apresentando um referencial bibliográfico e discutindo as legislações contemporâneas nacionais que tratam sobre o tema. O Estado possui diversas atribuições, como a prestação de serviços de educação, saúde, justiça, policiamento, infraestrutura, segurança nacional, entre outros. Para sua concretização, ele tem como principal fonte de financiamento a arrecadação de tributos, em especial impostos e contribuições. Mais de 50 % da arrecadação é oriunda de tributos cobrados sobre a receita de empresas (ICMS, IPI, ISS, etc) ou sobre suas informações econômico-financeiras, a exemplo do Imposto de Renda Pessoa Jurídica, optante pelo Lucro Real. A contabilidade, pois, por ter como objeto de estudo o patrimônio das entidades, registrando toda movimentação econômico-financeira destas, é utilizada pelo Estado tanto como base de cobrança de tributos, como ferramenta de fiscalização. Palavras-chave: Contabilidade. Administração Tributária. Arrecadação. Fiscalização.
Deep Learning for Encrypted Traffic Classification: An Overview (2019)

Traffic classification has been studied for two decades and applied to a wide range of applications from QoS provisioning and billing in ISPs to security-related applications in firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Port-based, data packet inspection, and classical machine learning methods have been used extensively in the past, but their accuracy has declined due to the dramatic changes in Internet traffic, particularly the increase in encrypted traffic. With the proliferation of deep learning methods, researchers have recently investigated these methods for traffic classification and reported high accuracy. In this article, we introduce a general framework for deep-learning-based traffic classification. We present commonly used deep learning methods and their application in traffic classification tasks. Then we discuss open problems, challenges, and opportunities for traffic classification.
System level performance of uplink transmission in split-PHY processing architecture with joint reception for future radio access (2015)

In this paper, the system level performance of uplink transmission in the split-PHY processing (SPP) architecture is evaluated. The SPP architecture splits the PHY functions of the base station so that some PHY functions are implemented on the remote radio head (RRH). Compared to the centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture with common public radio interface (CPRI), the SPP architecture significantly reduces the required optical bandwidth in the mobile front-haul. Moreover, by implementing the FEC processing in the baseband unit (BBU), joint reception can be realized in uplink transmissions by forwarding the quantized log likelihood ratio (LLR) from RRHs to the BBU. System level evaluations show that the SPP architecture improves the cell-edge user throughput by 116 % compared with the MAC-PHY split architecture without coordinated operations while reducing the required optical bandwidth by 92 % compared with the C-RAN architecture.
An efficient forward-backward algorithm for an explicit-duration hidden Markov model (2003)

Existing algorithms for estimating the model parameters of an explicit-duration hidden Markov model (HMM) usually require computations as large as O((MD/sup 2/ + M/sup 2/)T) or O(M/sup 2/ DT), where M is the number of states; D is the maximum possible interval between state transitions; and T is the period of observations used to estimate the model parameters. Because of such computational requirements, these algorithms are not practical when we wish to construct an HMM model with large state space and large explicit state duration and process a large amount of measurement data to obtain high accuracy. We propose a new forward-backward algorithm whose computational complexity is only O((MD + M/sup 2/)T), a reduction by almost a factor of D when D > M and whose memory requirement is O(MT). As an application example, we discuss an HMM characterization of access traffic observed at a large-scale Web site: we formulate the Web access pattern in terms of an HMM with explicit duration and estimate the model parameters using our algorithm.
Current pulse fed high-pressure-sodium lamps (2003)

Spectral and photometric time-averaged measurements at nominal lamp power rating are presented for pulse operated HPS lamps of several manufacturers and different sodium concentrations. The choice of pulse and cycle parameters, which determine the optimal ratio between pulse and simmer powers are discussed. Spectra at various operating conditions as well as curves relating CCT, luminous flux and color rendering index with pulse cycle parameters are presented. Acoustic emissions were measured and are briefly discussed.
Trace Explosives Signatures from World War II Unexploded Undersea Ordnance (1998)

Trace explosives signatures of TNT and DNT have been extracted from multiple sediment samples adjacent to unexploded undersea ordnance at Halifax Harbor, Canada. The ordnance was hurled into the harbor during a massive explosion some 50 years earlier, in 1945 after World War II had ended. Laboratory sediment extractions were made using the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method in seawater and detection using the Reversal Electron Attachment Detection (READ) technique and, in the case of DNT, a commercial gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Results show that, after more than 50 years in the environment, ordnance that appeared to be physically intact gave good explosives signatures at the parts per billion level, whereas ordnance that had been cracked open during the explosion gave no signatures at the 10 parts per trillion sensitivity level. These measure ments appear to provide the first reported data of explosives signatures from undersea unexploded ordnance.
A Decrease in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Activity after Successful Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Is Associated with a Significantly Reduced Risk for Coronary Restenosis (1992)

To determine a possible relation of changes in plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) to the development of coronary restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty (PTCA), we followed 104 patients with a low grade residual stenosis after PTCA (less than 30%) for a period of 12 months. PAI-1 plasma levels (functional activity) and t-PA antigen were determined 1 day before PTCA and 3 days, 3 months and 6 months thereafter. Thirty-four patients (32.69%) developed angiographically proven coronary restenosis (group A) within a time range of 4-48 weeks (median 12.5 weeks) after PTCA while the remaining patients (group B) had neither clinical signs nor angiographic evidence of restenosis after 6 months. No significant differences could be demonstrated in t-PA antigen or PAI-1 activity (plasma levels between the two groups of patients the day before PTCA). During the whole observation period t-PA plasma levels were not significantly different between the two groups; however, PAI-1 plasma levels were significantly higher at 3 months and 6 months after PTCA in patients of group A (p less than 0.005). When the pattern of PAI-1 plasma levels over time (increase or decrease between two consecutive time points of blood collection) was used to discriminate between the two study groups only 3.5-18% of patients with a decrease in PAI-1 developed coronary restenosis within the following observation period in contrast to 25-58% of patients with an increase in PAI-1 plasma levels (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.0005).
SIERA: a unified framework for rapid-prototyping of system-level hardware and software (1995)

Modern electronic systems contain a mix of software running on general-purpose programmable processors, algorithms hardwired into dedicated hardware such as custom boards and chips, electromechanical components, and mechanical interconnect and packaging. Far more time Is spent in designing the boards, writing the software to drive, and integrate the hardware, and other such system level issues, than is spent in designing any application-specific ICs that may be needed. Therefore a systems perspective of the design process is essential, as opposed to the conventional "chip-focused" approach. A design framework, called SIERA, for application-specific systems is described in which higher level aspects of system design, including software, multichip design issues present at the board level, and hardware-software integration are addressed, in addition to the design of individual custom chips. A high-level description of the system as a network of processes is mapped to a system architecture template consisting of multiple boards using dedicated hardware modules and ASIC's as well as software processes running on programmable hardware modules. Application of SIERA's design methodology to a multisensory robot control system is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of <i>HLA‐A2402/K<sup>b</sup></i> transgenic mice (2002)

HLA-transgenic mice have been developed to facilitate studies of HLA-restricted cytotoxic responses, e.g., for the identification of immunodominant HLA-restricted CTL epitopes and the optimization of peptide or DNA vaccine constructs for human use. We have developed HLA-A2402/K(b)-transgenic mice expressing chimeric human (alpha1 and alpha2 domains of HLA-A2402) and mouse (alpha3, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of H-2K(b)) class I molecules. Immunization of these HLA-A2402/K(b)-transgenic mice with various known HLA-A24-restricted immunodominant cancer CTL epitope peptides derived from gp100, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, Her2/neu, CEA and TERT induced HLA-A24-restricted, peptide-specific CTLs. Using these transgenic mice, we identified a novel HLA-A24-restricted CTL epitope, PSA(152-160), encoded by human prostate-specific antigen. Staining with HLA tetramers showed that the cytotoxic activity induced by immunizing with PSA(152-160) in HLA-A2402/K(b) transgenic mice was HLA-A2402-restricted and CD8-dependent. Therefore, PSA(152-160) might be a candidate peptide for vaccination of HLA-A24(+) patients with prostate cancer. Our results suggest that HLA-A2402/K(b) transgenic mice might be useful in the search for HLA-A24-restricted CTL epitopes functioning as human cancer antigens and for the development of peptide-based cancer immunotherapy.