gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CANDIDIASIS: REFLECTIONS ON THE PROBLEMS OF CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT (1966)

Over a period of eight years 256 cases of suspected candidacies were investigated in private dermatological office practice by direct microscopic and cultural methods. Laboratory investigation cannot define the limits of disease with precision and the significance of the laboratory findings can only be made by the clinician, who cannot delegate responsibility for the final diagnosis. The majority of cases of intertriginous candidacies appeared to be secondary to intertriginous (seborrhoeic) dermatitis, diabetes, pregnancy or neoplasia, and primary candidiasis without a predisposing factor was not common. Gandidal balanitis was the clinical state most frequently associated with previously undiagnosed diabetes. Because of the inadequate response of intertriginous candidiasis to topical polyene antibiotics and the frequency of a co-existing dermatitis, it was felt that hydroxyquinoline (e.g. vioform)—steroid preparations are the best available method of treatment.
Supercapacitor electrode materials: nanostructures from 0 to 3 dimensions (2014)

A review of supercapacitor electrode materials with 0, 1, 2, and 3 dimensional nanostructures.
Increased Susceptibility to Undergo Lipid Peroxidation of Chylomicrons and Low-Density Lipoprotein in Celiac Disease (1993)

Gastrointestinal injury involves oxidative damage as the result of oxygen-derived free radicals which are formed during the inflammatory reactions. Chylomicrons which are synthesized by the intestine can thus be exposed to lipid peroxidation in celiac disease. Similarly, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) propensity to oxidation may be enhanced as a result of a direct or indirect effect of the oxidative process. To resolve these possibilities, plasma chylomicrons and LDL were isolated from a patient with celiac disease and from a control healthy subject before and 3 h after a fat-rich meal, and their propensity to copper-induced lipid peroxidation was then analyzed. The patient's chylomicrons, its LDL that was obtained before the fat-rich meal and its LDL that was obtained after the meal demonstrated 220, 39 and 48% elevation in their content of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances in comparison with the control lipoproteins. After a complete recovery of the patient's intestine, the susceptibility of the patient lipoproteins to in vitro oxidation returned toward normal levels. In the patient LDL fraction (obtained either before or after the fat-rich meal), but not in the patient's chylomicrons, the carotenoid content was reduced by 70%, vitamin E by 45%, and the LDL content of arachidonic acid was increased by 70% in comparison with the control lipoproteins. On recovery of the patient and return of the intestine to its normal morphology, normalization of all of these constituents was achieved.
Using ITS data fusion to examine traffic dynamics on a freeway with variable speed limits (2005)

This analysis focuses on an 18 km section of Autobahn 9 (A9) located between Munich and Nurnberg, Germany. This section of freeway not only has an extensive surveillance system, but also contains a variable speed limit and congestion level information system using variable message signs. Analysis focuses on the activation of a bottleneck that occurs in the southbound travel direction in the vicinity of freeway on- and off-ramps. Transformed curves of cumulative vehicle count and time averaged speed are used to reveal the resolution necessary to determine important traffic flow features prior to bottleneck activation. Analysis of variable speed limit, congestion level information and floating car data will be used to gain important information about the dynamics of traffic flow and physical freeway infrastructure prior to bottleneck activation.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF THE LAMININ RECEPTOR POLYPEPTIDE, A PUTATIVE PRECURSOR OF 67-KDA-LAMININ RECEPTOR, IN HUMAN LUNG-CANCER (1995)

Laminin receptor polypeptide was immunodetected in human lung cancer with a polyclonal antibody raised against a 20-mer peptide of the putative high-affinity laminin receptor of 67 kDa (Wewer et al: Cancer Res 47: 5691-5698, 1987). As a result, immunoreactivity was recognized specifically in cancer cells both in freshly-prepared cell samples and in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. It was shown that immunodetection of the laminin receptor polypeptide with this antipeptide antibody could be applied to diagnostic use for lung cancer. The results also suggest that the laminin receptor polypeptide is not necessarily a membrane-associated protein and may function without further processing to the 67 kDa-laminin receptor.
Murine Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Cells Secrete Interleukins-1-β, -6, and -10 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cell Culture (1997)

Cultured murine disc-derived cells have the capacity to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and interleukin-10 in the absence of inflammatory cells. This finding supports the hypothesis that disc-derived cells are capable of initiating or amplifying an inflammatory process.
Fully static 16Kb bulk CMOS RAM (1980)

A coplanar Si-gate CMOS process used in the design of a fully static 16Kb bulk CMOS RAM with a six-transistor cell will be covered. RAM offers a typical 95ns access time with 200mW power dissipation and 1μW standby power.
Unfixed Dividing Wall Technology for Packed and Tray Distillation Columns (2006)

Netherlands, E-mail: z.olujic@3me.tudelft.nl Dividing wall columns are state of the art single shell distillation columns which allow separation of three or more component feed streams into pure products. Dividing wall is in the simplest case a flat metal sheet which is welded on both sides to the column shell. An advanced mechanical construction concept provides stacked wall elements which are not fixed to the column shell. This offers the possibility of easy retrofit of existing columns. Poor tolerances of the column shell can easily be compensated. In combination with self-centring packing elements very high purities of the products can be obtained. At present the unfixed dividing wall technique has become the standard solution for packed columns.
Continuous assessment of epileptic seizures with wrist-worn biosensors (2011)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2011.
Magnetic Cu–Ni (core–shell) nanoparticles in a one-pot reaction under microwave irradiation (2010)

We successfully prepared face-centered cubic (fcc) Cu-Ni (core-shell) nanoparticles by intramolecular reduction of formate complexes of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) with long-chain amine ligands in a one-pot reaction within an extremely short time realized only under microwave irradiation. Observation by an HAADF-STEM technique showed that the nanostructure in one particle consisted of a Ni-rich shell and a Cu-rich core. Cu(4)Ni(6) nanoparticles with an average size of 11.7 nm were comprised of a Cu core with a diameter of ca. 6.0 nm, a Ni shell ca. 1.6 nm thick and a 0.9 nm thick interlayer of mixed Cu-Ni alloy between the Cu core and the Ni shell. Both the oxidation characteristics and the magnetic properties were dramatically affected by the molar ratios of Cu : Ni in the Cu-Ni nanoparticles. The magnetization of Cu(3)Ni(7) and Cu(4)Ni(6) comprised of a diamagnetic Cu-rich core, ferromagnetic Ni-rich shell and antiferromagnetic NiO-rich layer on the particle surface showed an exchange bias (209 and 143 Oe, respectively).
Distinct stages of the translation elongation cycle revealed by sequencing ribosome-protected mRNA fragments (2014)

During translation elongation, the ribosome ratchets along its mRNA template, incorporating each new amino acid and translocating from one codon to the next. The elongation cycle requires dramatic structural rearrangements of the ribosome. We show here that deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments reveals not only the position of each ribosome but also, unexpectedly, its particular stage of the elongation cycle. Sequencing reveals two distinct populations of ribosome footprints, 28–30 nucleotides and 20–22 nucleotides long, representing translating ribosomes in distinct states, differentially stabilized by specific elongation inhibitors. We find that the balance of small and large footprints varies by codon and is correlated with translation speed. The ability to visualize conformational changes in the ribosome during elongation, at single-codon resolution, provides a new way to study the detailed kinetics of translation and a new probe with which to identify the factors that affect each step in the elongation cycle.
MicroRNA profiling of follicular lymphoma identifies microRNAs related to cell proliferation and tumor response (2011)

Follicular lymphoma is characterized by a unique microRNA signature, containing a subset of microRNAs whose expression correlate with response to chemotherapy. miR-20a/b and miR-194 target CDKN1A and SOCS2 in follicular lymphoma, potentially contributing to tumor cell proliferation and survival.
Influence of an unfavourable pressure gradient on the breakdown of boundary layer streaks (2008)

Breakdown of boundary layer streaks is studied experimentally and compared at zero and adverse (positive) streamwise pressure gradients on a wing under fully controlled experimental conditions. The varicose mode of streak breakdown is found to be a dominant mode in the case of the adverse pressure gradient. A strong influence of pressure gradient upon the development of the streak and the secondary instability is revealed. The unfavourable pressure gradient is shown to alter the critical streak amplitude, the dispersion properties of the streak and the secondary disturbance, as well as attained maximum amplitudes for both the streak and the secondary disturbance.
A novel technique for ultra‐low contrast administration during angiography or intervention (2009)

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after coronary angiography or intervention is associated with substantial morbidity. The data supporting various prophylactic measures and adjunctive therapies to prevent this complication are conflicting. However, contrast volume is clearly related to CIN after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the risk of CIN has been shown to be directly related to contrast dose. Therefore, minimizing contrast exposure is a primary method to reduce the risk of CIN, especially in at-risk patients. We report a novel technique designed to deliver ultra-low (<15 cm(3)) volume contrast to patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary angiography and PCI.
Reuse through inheritance (1995)

According to proponents of object-oriented programming, inheritance is an excellent way to organize abstraction and a superb tool for reuse. Yet, few quantitative studies of the actual use of inheritance have been conducted. Quantitative studies are necessary to evaluate the actual usefulness of structures such as inheritance. We characterize the use of inheritance in 19 existing C++ software systems containing 2,744 classes. We measure the class depth in the inheritance hierarchies, and the number of child and parent classes in the software. We find that inheritance is used far less frequently than expected.
A novel hirudin derivative characterized with anti-platelet aggregations and thrombin inhibition (2008)

r-RGD-hirudin can potentially be used as a novel anti-coagulant for the prevention of thrombosis after carotid artery anastomosis or in other thrombotic events.
Adhesion molecules and leukocyte common antigen on monocytes and granulocytes during hemodialysis. (1993)

As contact of blood with artificial membranes may activate cell adhesiveness, we investigated in 5 patients the expression of several adhesion-promoting molecules on monocytes and granulocytes during hemodialysis on cuprophane (CU), cellulose acetate (CA), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. After staining with specific fluorescent monoclonal antibodies, flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of CD11b (= Mac 1, CR3, or C3bi receptor), CD11a (= leukocyte function antigen 1 or LFA-1, or gp 180/95), CD54 (= intercellular adhesion molecule 1 or ICAM 1), and CD45 (= leukocyte common antigen) on circulating leukocytes. Granulocytopenia occurred at 15 minutes with CU and CA but not with PAN; significant monocytopenia occurred on the contrary with all 3 membranes. The drop in monocyte counts was maximal at 15 minutes on CU and CA, and at 180 minutes on PAN; it was also more important with CU (88 +/- 2.6%, alpha = 0.005) and CA (66.4 +/- 4.1%, alpha = 0.01) than with PAN (36.2 +/- 6.2%). Hemodialysis on CU, CA, and PAN was associated with a 2- to 3-fold CD11b and CD45 overexpression on peripheral monocytes; these molecules also increased on circulating granulocytes but to a lesser extent on PAN than on CU and CA (alpha < 0.05). There were no hemodialysis-induced changes in CD11a and CD54 expression on circulating monocytes or granulocytes. The upregulation of CD11b may provide a molecular mechanism for the sequestration of monocytes and granulocytes in the circulation during hemodialysis, while upregulation of CD45 might reflect mechanisms regulating the leukocyte activation state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Water-promoted C-S bond formation reactions (2018)

Allylic sulfones, owning to their widespread distributions in biologically active molecules, received increasing attention in the past few years. However, the synthetic method under mild conditions is still a challenging task. In this paper, we report a sulfinic acids ligation with allylic alcohols via metal-free dehydrative cross-coupling. Both aliphatic and aromatic sulfinic acids react with various allylic alcohols to deliver the desired allylic sulfones in high yields with excellent selectivity. This carbon-sulfur bond formation reaction is highly efficient and practical since it works under metal-free, neutral, aqueous media and at room temperature in which the products even can be obtained by simple filtration without the need for organic extraction or column chromatography. Water is found to be essential for the success of this carbon-sulfur bond formation reaction. DFT calculations imply that water acts as promoter in this transformation via intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
FGF19 promotes progression of prostate cancer (2015)

FGF19 might be associated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy by promoting cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of PCa.
Chapter 16. Copper (1998)

D. W. Smith, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem., 1998, 94, 233 DOI: 10.1039/IC094233
Analysis of bone marrow stem cell. (1994)

In this study we define hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as a population of cells that, when sorted as single cells, gives rise to both myeloid as well as lymphoid progeny. We sorted single cells from four populations of CD34+ cells from fetal bone marrow: (1) CD38- HLA-DR-, (2) CD38- HLA-DR+, (3) CD38+ HLA-DR-, and (4) CD38+ HLA-DR+ into liquid culture media supplemented with interleukin-3 (IL-3) IL-6, stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insuline-like growth factor (IGF-1). The HSCs were found in the cell populations lacking CD38, the plating efficiency was highest in the CD34+ CD38- HLA-DR+ cell population (48% n = 12); however, only a small proportion of the CD34+ CD38- HLA-DR+ cells showed both lymphoid and myeloid growth potential. When the identical cell populations were sorted into liquid culture media supplemented with bFGF and IGF-1, cell growth was noted from only 1%-5% of the sorted CD34+ CD38- HLA-DR- cells. The cells have the potential to grow and differentiate in vitro to form complex structures that recapitulate normal bone formation. Serial passages of the progeny from these cultures resulted in the formation of similar structures.
Phenyl ester계열 강유전성 액정혼합물의 전기광학과 유전적 성질에 관한 연구 (2000)

Phenyl ester계열 강유전성 액정 혼합물의 카이랄 스멕틱 C상(SmC* phase), 카이랄 스멕틱 A상(SmA* phase) 그리고 카이랄 네마틱상(N* phase)들에서의 전기광학과 유전적 성질을 연구하였다. 강유전성 액정혼합물(KU-1001)의 SmA*상 범위에서 장 유도효과에 의한 경전효과 때문에 작은 경사각이 관찰되었다. KU-1001 혼합물의 전기광학 응답시간은 상온에서 약 50 μs이고, SmC*-SmA* 상전이 근처에서는 높은 전장에서 2 μs보다 빠르게 나타내었다. 또한, N*상에서는 인가 전기장에 무관하며 10 μs의 응답시간을 나타내었다. 유전율 이방성은 주파수와 온도에 크게 의존하며, SmC*상과 SmA*상에서는 음의 값을 나타내었고, N*상에서는 0에 접근하였다, 이 현상은 N*상에서의 변전효과 때문에 일어난다. KU1002혼합물은 유전 이방정의 값이 음인 강유전성 액정물질이 높은 인가 전장영역에서 관찰되는 변칙적인 스위칭 거동을 하였다.
A deformable heat exchanger separated by a helicoid (1986)

A heat exchanger consists of a helicoid and the surface of revolution obtained by rotating a profile curve about the axis of the helix. The surfaces are rigidly welded together where they meet. This limits the number of profile curves for which the heat exchanger may be infinitesimally deformed. These profiles curves and the deformations they allow are determined by two arbitrary antiperiodic functions.
Hyaluronan Biosynthesis by Class I Streptococcal Hyaluronan Synthases Occurs at the Reducing End (2005)

Previous studies reached different conclusions about whether class I hyaluronan synthases (HASs) elongate hyaluronic acid (HA) by addition to the reducing or the nonreducing end. Here we used two strategies to determine the direction of HA synthesis by purified class I HASs from Streptococcus equisimilis and Streptococcus pyogenes. In the first strategy we used each of the two UDP-sugar substrates separately to pulse label either the beginning or the end of HA chains. We then quantified the relative rates of radioactive HA degradation by treatment with beta-glycosidases that act at the nonreducing end. The results with both purified HASs demonstrated that HA elongation occurred at the reducing end. In the second strategy, we used purified S. equisimilis HAS, UDP-glucuronic acid, and UDP[beta-32P]-Glc-NAc to radiolabel nascent HA chains. Under conditions of limiting substrate, the 32P-labeled products were separated from the substrates by paper chromatography and identified as HA-[32P]UDP saccharides based on their degradation by snake venom phosphodiesterase or hyaluronidase and by their binding to a specific HA-binding protein. The 32P radioactivity was chased (released) by incubation with unlabeled UDP-sugars, showing that the HA-UDP linkages turn over during HA biosynthesis. In contrast, HA-[32P]UDP products made by the purified class II Pasteurella multocida HAS were not released by adding unlabeled UDP-sugars, consistent with growth at the nonreducing end for this enzyme. The results demonstrate that the streptococcal class I HAS enzymes polymerize HA chains at the reducing end.
Rapid thermal diffusion and ohmic contacts using zinc in GaAs and GaAlAs (1987)

We report behavior of zinc diffusion and p-type ohmic contacts to GaAs and GaAlAs (aluminum mole fraction ∼0.3) by Zn3As2 as vapor source and zinc embedded in tungsten films as solid source using rapid thermal processing. Tungsten acts as an inert refractory metallurgy during the processing. The diffusion profiles show high surface concentrations (mid 1019 cm−3 to low 1020 cm−3) and a diffusion profile in agreement with Tuck’s model of substitutional-interstitial diffusion in the presence of vacancy nonequilibrium. Both GaAs and GaAlAs show excellent transport properties with mobilities of 75–100 and 40–60 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, at room temperature. Short-time (sub-12-s) diffusions lead to sub-1000-Å diffused contacts in the 650–900 °C temperature range with contact resistances below a measurement accuracy of 5×10−7 Ω cm2. The contact technology has been demonstrated in heterostructure bipolar transistors and p-channel heterostructure field-effect transistors. It is an attractive alternative to conventional gold-based contact metallizations.
Time-Delay-Estimate Based Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Speech in Reverberant Environments (2002)

Time delay estimation (TDE)-based algorithms for estimation of direction of arrival (DOA) have been most popular for use with speech signals. This is due to their simplicity and low computational requirements. Though other algorithms, like the steered response power with phase transform (SRP-PHAT), are available that perform better than TDE based algorithms, the huge computational load required for this algorithm makes it unsuitable for applications that require fast refresh rates using short frames. In addition, the estimation errors that do occur with SRP-PHAT tend to be large. This kind of performance is unsuitable for an application such as video camera steering, which is much less tolerant to large errors than it is to small errors.
An X-ray examination of the indium-rich alloys of the systems indium + lead and indium + mercury (1954)

C. Tyzack and G. V. Raynor, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1954, 50, 675 DOI: 10.1039/TF9545000675
Planning and Implementation of the Repsol-YPF-MAXUS Krisna Underbalanced Drilling Project (2001)

Abstract Due to the previous history of high mud losses and stuck pipe, Repsol – YPF - MAXUS Southeast Sumatra B. V. decided to implement underbalanced drilling technology in the development drilling campaign in the Krisna Field offshore Indonesia. Although Underbalanced drilling is not a new technology, it has been used infrequently in drilling from an offshore structure. Underbalanced drilling from a jack-up rig causes some unique planning and implementation issues. Planning and implementation are made more complex by the space limitations and logistics. These were compounded by the lack of infrastructure in Indonesia for underbalanced applications. The Krisna D12 production interval was successfully drilled underbalanced from 10 June 2000 through 20 June 2000 from the Reading and Bates Falcon jack-up Roger W. Mowell. A total of 1159 feet of formation was drilled Underbalanced without any significant drilling related problems. Although the project encountered problems during the initial start up, modifications to the system and changing the fluid system to a diesel mist eliminated the majority of the issues. By the end of the well, the Underbalanced system was working well. This paper presents the pre-engineering, project management and field implementation results for the drilling of the Krisna D12.
Wireless fast-scan cyclic voltammetry measurement of histamine using WINCS – a proof-of-principle study (2012)

Histamine is among the most poorly understood biogenic amines, yet the histaminergic system spreads throughout the brain and has been implicated in functions as diverse as homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. Not surprisingly then, it has been linked to a number of conditions including minimally conscious state, persistent vegetative state, epilepsy, addiction, cluster headache, essential tremor, and Parkinson's disease. We have previously reported that the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensing (WINCS) system can monitor dopamine, serotonin, and adenosine using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Here, we demonstrate the expanded capability of the WINCS system to measure histamine. The optimal FSCV waveform was determined to be a triangle wave scanned between -0.4 and +1.4 V at a rate of 400 V s(-1) applied at 10 Hz. Using this optimized FSCV parameter, we found histamine release was induced by high frequency electrical stimulation at the tuberomammillary nucleus in rat brain slices. Our results suggest that the WINCS system can provide reliable, high fidelity measurements of histamine, consistently showing oxidative currents at +1.3 V, a finding that may have important clinical implications.
A one-phase dual converter for two quadrant power control of superconducting magnets (1985)

This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental development of a new dc-ac-dc converter for superconducting magnet power supplies. The basic operating principles of the circuit are described followed by a theoretical treatment of the dynamics and control of the system. The success ful results of the first experimental operation and control of such a circuit are presented and discussed.