gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Granitic Rocks in the Vicinity of the Mt. Sorak (1996)

The granitic rocks in the vicinity of the Mt. Sorak, the northeastern part of the NE-SW elongated Mesozoic granitic batholith in the Kyeonggi massif, consist of granodiorite, biotite granite, two-mica granite and alkali feldspar granite. Variations In major and most trace elemental abundances show a typical differentiation trend in a granitic magma. Granitic rocks all display a calc-alkaline trend in the AFM diagram. Also, In the ACF diagram discriminating between I- and S-type granitic rocks, granodiorite and most biotite granite in the southeastern area represent I-type and magnetite-series characteristics, while most biotire granite and two-mica granite in the northwestern area exhibit S-type and ilmenite-series ones.According to recent studies of the granitle rocks In the Inje-Hongcheon district. all ihe granitic rocks distributed in the northeastern part of the Kyeonggi massif have been classified as late Triassic to early Jurassic Daebo granite. With reference of the formerly published ages, an age oi Ma calculated by the slope in the plot of for the biotite granite samples from the southeastern area is inferred as an emplacement age for the granitic rocks in the vicinity of the Mt. Sorak. On the basis of elemental variations and Sr isotope compositions, an possible evolutional process for the granitic magmas in this area is suggested. The primary magma of I-type and magnetite-series generated about 125 Ma by partial melting of igneous originated crustal materials, might be emplaced and evolved through fractional crystallization, convection and assimilation of the surrounding Precambrian metasediments to become S-type and ilmenlte-serles in the outer area, and then solidified to granodiorite, biotite granite and two-mica granite.At the latest stage, the evolved hydrothermal solution altered the formerly solidified biotite granite to alkali feldspar granite and probably later local igneous activities affected the alkali feldspar granite again.
Elliptic Bandpass Filters Using Four TM/sub 010/ Dielectric Rod Resonators (2005)

Compact elliptic bandpass filters of three types are constructed by using four TM/sub 010/ dielectric rod resonators. Filters designed to have center frequencies of 3 to 5 GHz, relative bandwidths of 2 to 13 percent, insertion losses of 0.3 to 1.6 dB, and minimum stopband attenuations of 40 to 52 dB.
Feature‐Based Classification of Amino Acid Substitutions outside Conserved Functional Protein Domains (2013)

There are more than 500 amino acid substitutions in each human genome, and bioinformatics tools irreplaceably contribute to determination of their functional effects. We have developed feature-based algorithm for the detection of mutations outside conserved functional domains (CFDs) and compared its classification efficacy with the most commonly used phylogeny-based tools, PolyPhen-2 and SIFT. The new algorithm is based on the informational spectrum method (ISM), a feature-based technique, and statistical analysis. Our dataset contained neutral polymorphisms and mutations associated with myeloid malignancies from epigenetic regulators ASXL1, DNMT3A, EZH2, and TET2. PolyPhen-2 and SIFT had significantly lower accuracies in predicting the effects of amino acid substitutions outside CFDs than expected, with especially low sensitivity. On the other hand, only ISM algorithm showed statistically significant classification of these sequences. It outperformed PolyPhen-2 and SIFT by 15% and 13%, respectively. These results suggest that feature-based methods, like ISM, are more suitable for the classification of amino acid substitutions outside CFDs than phylogeny-based tools.
Resolution Enhancement of Line Emission Spectra by Deconvolution (1972)

Resolution enhancement of line emission spectra by deconvolution is described. This is carried out by solving the convolution integral which relates the real spectrum and the slit function to the observed spectrum. This integral is solved in the Fourier domain where deconvolution reduces to division. In certain measurement situations limitations and problems exist with respect to the degree of resolution enhancement that is possible and with respect to the line shape that is achieved in the deconvolved spectrum. These situations are discussed and illustrated. With this approach to resolution enhancement the line width at half-height can be reduced by about 25% for emission spectra that have been measured with a spectral slit width that is wider than the spectral line width.
c‐Src kinase activation regulates preprotachykinin gene expression and substance P secretion in rat sensory ganglia (2003)

Increased synthesis of substance P (SP) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and enhanced axonal transport to and secretion from the primary afferent sensory neurons might enhance pain signalling in the spinal dorsal horn by modifying pronociceptive pathways. IL-1beta increases SP synthesis by enhancing the expression of preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA encoding for SP and other tachykinins in the DRG. Stimulation of IL-1 receptor by IL-1beta may induce the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in many effector proteins through the activation of p60c-src kinase. The hypothesis that the synthesis of SP in and secretion from the primary sensory ganglia are regulated by the activation of p60c-src kinase induced by IL-1beta was tested. Pretreatment of DRG neurons in culture with herbimycin A, genistein or PP2, three structurally different nonreceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors that act by different mechanisms, decreased the kinase activity of p60c-src induced by the activation of IL-1 receptor. PP3, a negative control for the Src family of tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 had no effect. Herbimycin A and genistein also decreased IL-1beta-induced expression of PPT mRNA-encoding transcripts and the levels of SP-li synthesized in the cells and secreted into the culture medium in a concentration-dependent manner. SB 203580 [a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor] and PD 98059 (a p44/42 MAPK kinase inhibitor) were ineffective in modulating IL-1beta-induced SP synthesis and secretion, and p60c-src kinase activity in DRG neurons. Whereas, IL-1 receptor antagonist and cycloheximide inhibited IL-1beta-evoked secretion of SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-li), actinomycin D decreased it significantly but did not entirely abolish it. These findings show that phosphorylation of specific protein tyrosine residue(s) following IL-1 receptor activation might play a key role in IL-1beta signalling to modulate PPT gene expression and SP secretion in sensory neurons. In view of the role of SP as an immunomodulator, these studies provide a new insight into neural-immune intercommunication in pain regulation in the sensory ganglia through the IL-1beta-induced p60c-src activation.
XII.—E<scp>nglish</scp> C<scp>raft</scp> G<scp>ilds in the</scp> M<scp>iddle</scp> A<scp>ges</scp>.<sup>1</sup> (1919)

I'oulmin Smith, wtth an introduction by L. Brentano (
The Curiousness of Anglo-Jews (2013)

This article was given as a talk by Frederic Raphael at this year's Jewish Book Week (held in association with the Jewish Book Council and the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen) and it marked the thirtieth anniversary of the Jewish Quarterly. Although of a personal and autobiographical nature, it reflects the attitude of an Anglo-Jewish writer within the context of English literature. In his introduction to the lecture, Hyam Maccoby, a member of the Quarterly's Editorial Board, expressed his regret that the editor could not be present at the evening due to illness. However, he conveyed to the audience the editor's wishes and the essence of the long conversation he had had with him: “I expected him to give me some detailed guidance about what to say at the meeting, perhaps some historical information about the Quarterly, and his own struggles to keep it in existence, but, instead, he spoke to me about the Jewish culture of Europe out of which his own life-work sprang. He wished me to convey to you that h...
Human Blood Cells (2000)

This volume uses selected molecules expressed on erythrocytes, lymphocytes, platelets and granulocytes to illustrate how genetic polymorphisms and variations in these molecules can affect their structure and function in mature human blood cells. Examples given and described tend to have a clinical association.
The elimination of the yeast [<i>PSI</i><sup><i>+</i></sup>] prion by guanidine hydrochloride is the result of Hsp104 inactivation (2001)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sup35p (eRF3), a subunit of the translation termination complex, can take up a prion-like, self-propagating conformation giving rise to the non-Mendelian [PSI+] determinant. The replication of [PSI+] prion seeds can be readily blocked by growth in the presence of low concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl), leading to the generation of prion-free [psi-] cells. Here, we provide evidence that GdnHCl blocks seed replication in vivo by inactivation of the molecular chaperone Hsp104. Although growth in the presence of GdnHCl causes a modest increase in HSP104 expression (20-90%), this is not sufficient to explain prion curing. Rather, we show that GdnHCl inhibits two different Hsp104-dependent cellular processes, namely the acquisition of thermotolerance and the refolding of thermally denatured luciferase. The inhibitory effects of GdnHCl protein refolding are partially suppressed by elevating the endogenous cellular levels of Hsp104 using a constitutive promoter. The kinetics of GdnHCl-induced [PSI+] curing could be mimicked by co-expression of an ATPase-negative dominant HSP104 mutant in an otherwise wild-type [PSI+] strain. We suggest that GdnHCl inactivates the ATPase activity of Hsp104, leading to a block in the replication of [PSI+] seeds.
Retrotranslocation of the Chaperone Calreticulin from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen to the Cytosol (2005)

Polypeptide folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are mediated by protein chaperones, including calreticulin (CRT). ER localization of CRT is specified by two types of targeting signals, an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs insertion into the ER and a C-terminal KDEL sequence that is responsible for retention in the ER. CRT has been implicated in a number of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, suggesting that there may be a pathway for generating cytosolic CRT. Here we show that CRT is fully inserted into the ER, undergoes processing by signal peptidase, and subsequently undergoes retrotranslocation to the cytoplasm. A transcription-based reporter assay revealed an important role for the C-terminal Ca(2+) binding domain in CRT retrotranslocation. Neither ubiquitylation nor proteasome activity was necessary for retrotranslocation, which indicates that the pathway is different from that used by unfolded proteins targeted for destruction. Forced expression of cytosolic CRT is sufficient to rescue a cell adhesion defect observed in mouse embryo fibroblasts from crt(-/-) mice. The ability of CRT to retrotranslocate from the ER lumen to the cytosol explains how CRT can change compartments and modulate cell adhesion, transcription, and translation.
Cathepsin D, B and L circulating levels as prognostic markers of malignant progression. (1996)

Growing evidence indicates that lysosomal Cathepsins D (CD), B (CB) and L (CL) may promote carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Therefore, we evaluated their potential value as biochemical parameters of malignant progression in patients with benign diseases which may undergo malignant transformation, such as liver cirrhosis (LC) and chronic pancreatitis (CHP) as well as in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer (DPC). CD, CB and CL serum levels were determined by immunoenzymatic assays in LC, CHP, HCC or DPC patients and correlated with a number of biochemical and clinical parameters of these diseases. CD serum levels were increased in LC, CHP and HCC, but not in the DPC group as compared to normal subjects (NS) (P < 0.01). Interestingly, higher levels of this enzyme were observed in LC patients compared to HCC patients ( P < 0.01). CB serum concentrations were increased in all patient groups (P < 0.01). However no difference was evidenced between benign and malignant diseases. CL serum levels were significantly increased only in DPC as compared to NS (P < 0.01) or CHP patients (P < 0.02) and in HCC as compared to NS (P < 0.01). The evaluation of CD, CB and CL serum pattern in LC, CHP, HCC and DPC patients may be useful as additional biochemical parameters in the differential diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of these diseases. Prospective clinical investigations to assess the potential value of these enzymes as biochemical markers of malignant progression of LC or CHP are warranted by the present data.
Osmoregulation of a Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (1993)

In Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. proline can account for up to 20% of the free amino acid pool after salt stress. Proline accumulation occurs in plants mainly by de novo synthesis from glutamate. The last step of the proline biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase. A gene (AT-P5C1) encoding this enzyme in A. thaliana has been cloned and sequenced. Expression of AT-P5C1 in Escherichia coli resulted in the complementation of a proC mutant to prototrophy. A comparison of the AT-P5C1 primary and secondary structures with those of six P5C reductase of other organisms is presented. With the exception of several functionally important amino acid residues, little conservation in the primary structure is seen; much greater similarity exists in the putative secondary structure. The AT-P5C1 protein is probably cytosolic. Under normal growth conditions, the P5C reductase mRNA level was significantly higher in roots and ripening seeds than in green tissue. A salt treatment of A. thaliana plants resulted in a 5-fold induction of the AT-P5C1 transcript, suggesting osmoregulation of the AT-P5C1 promoter region. Moreover, a time-course experiment indicated that this induction precedes proline accumulation.
A Novel Rat-Race Coupler With Tunable Power Dividing Ratio, Ideal Port Isolation, and Return Loss Performance (2012)

This paper presents, for the first time, a novel rat-race coupler design with tunable power dividing ratio. Wide tuning ratio is accomplished by the use of two tuning diodes and a single control voltage. Ideal port isolation and return loss characteristics, evaluated at the center frequency of operation, are proven for all dividing ratios. The structure is simple to construct and involves 50-ohm lines only. For verification, the simulated and measured results of a 1-GHz rat-race coupler implemented on microstrip are shown.
High net gain at 514 nm in a photorefractive polymer doped with a chalcone derivative (1997)

We report on the photorefractive properties of a low Tg composite consisting of functionalized polysiloxane doped with a chalcone derivative. The high transparency of this doping molecule enabled the observation of high net gain at 514 nm. Orientational and Pockels contributions to the total refractive index variations were measured by frequency-dependent ellipsometry experiments. Finally, the field dependence of the gain coefficient is described using Kukhtarev’s model for the space charge field with an effective trap density as a single fitting parameter.
Synthesis of Amides from Carbonic Acid Derivatives (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Clinical Pharmacology of Lidocaine as an Antiarrhythymic Drug (1974)

This article reviews current knowledge about lidocaine, with reference to its chemistry, metabolism, electrophysiology, hemodynamic effects, antiarrhythmic uses, pharmacokinetics, and side effects. The critical importance of blood levels and their relation to lidocaine's antiarrhythmic and toxic effects is noted, with special emphasis given to patients with compromised clearance due to heart failure. On the basis of this information, we present our current approach to the clinical use of lidocaine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, with particular reference to patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Evading android runtime analysis via sandbox detection (2014)

The large amounts of malware, and its diversity, have made it necessary for the security community to use automated dynamic analysis systems. These systems often rely on virtualization or emulation, and have recently started to be available to process mobile malware. Conversely, malware authors seek to detect such systems and evade analysis. In this paper, we present techniques for detecting Android runtime analysis systems. Our techniques are classified into four broad classes showing the ability to detect systems based on differences in behavior, performance, hardware and software components, and those resulting from analysis system design choices. We also evaluate our techniques against current publicly accessible systems, all of which are easily identified and can therefore be hindered by a motivated adversary. Our results show some fundamental limitations in the viability of dynamic mobile malware analysis platforms purely based on virtualization.
The Age-Prevalence of Arcus Senilis, Greying of Hair, and Baldness. Etiological Considerations (1971)

Journal Article The Age-Prevalence of Arcus Senilis, Greying of Hair, and Baldness. Etiological Considerations Get access Philip R. J. Burch, PhD, Philip R. J. Burch, PhD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John J. Murray, PhD, John J. Murray, PhD 2School of Dentistry, University of LeedsLeeds, 1, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Douglas Jackson, DDS Douglas Jackson, DDS 2School of Dentistry, University of LeedsLeeds, 1, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 26, Issue 3, July 1971, Pages 364–372, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/26.3.364 Published: 01 July 1971
Histamine H4 receptor antagonists: the new antihistamines? (2004)

Antihistamines (histamine H1 receptor antagonists) are a mainstay treatment for atopic allergy, yet they are only partially effective in relieving the symptoms of the disease. They also have very limited value for the treatment of asthma, despite the well-characterized bronchoconstrictory effects of histamine. The recent discovery of a fourth histamine receptor (H4), and the realization that it is exclusively expressed on hematopoietic cell types that are most implicated in the development and symptomatology of allergy and asthma, suggests that pharmacological targeting of the H4 receptor, either alone or in combination with H1 receptor antagonists, may prove useful for treating both allergy and asthma. Here we review the known biology associated with the H4 receptor, as well the effects of a highly selective H1 receptor antagonist.
A Statistical Transfer Learning Perspective for Modeling Shape Deviations in Additive Manufacturing (2017)

Quality control of additive manufacturing applications is required to improve the shape fidelity of the products, which relies on increasing the predictive performance of statistical deviation models for any new shape. Building a single comprehensive model for a wide range of shapes is a very challenging problem, since the error generating mechanism of additive manufacturing applications is usually of high complexity, the amount of training data is usually limited, and the connection among different shapes is unknown. In this study, a novel shape deviation modeling scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the dimensional error of the product is modeled in a parameter-based transfer learning approach. In particular, the shape deviation is decomposed into two components: the shape-independent error and the shape-specific error. The shape-independent error is described by a statistical model that incorporates the engineering knowledge. Guidelines to investigate modeling of the shape-specific error are also given.
SiO<sub>2</sub>/AlON stacked gate dielectrics for AlGaN/GaN MOS heterojunction field-effect transistors (2018)

Stacked gate dielectrics consisting of wide bandgap SiO2 insulators and thin aluminum oxynitride (AlON) interlayers were systematically investigated in order to improve the performance and reliability of AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) devices. A significantly reduced gate leakage current compared with that in a single AlON layer was achieved with these structures, while maintaining the superior thermal stability and electrical properties of the oxynitride/AlGaN interface. Consequently, distinct advantages in terms of the reliability of the gate dielectrics, such as an improved immunity against electron injection and an increased dielectric breakdown field, were demonstrated for AlGaN/GaN MOS capacitors with optimized stacked structures having a 3.3-nm-thick AlON interlayer.
10Gb/s Photonic Cell Switching with Hybrid 4x4 Optical Matrix Switch Module on Silica based Planar Waveguide Platform (1998)

Large capacity switching systems based on photonic technologies are attractive toward achieving high throughput telecommunication network against a large traffic increase [1]-[3].
P2‐376: 18F‐PI2620 TAU‐PET IN PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY: A MULTI‐CENTER EVALUATION (2019)

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a 4-repeat (4R) tauopathy and region-specific tau deposits establish the neuropathological diagnosis of “definite PSP” post mortem. Future interventional trials against tau in PSP would strongly benefit from biomarkers to validate the specific presence of the target before therapy initiation. The novel second generation tau-PET ligand 18F-PI2620 proved absent off-target binding to monoamine oxidases and high affinity to 3/4R tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this multicenter-evaluation was to investigate 18F-PI2620 in patients with suspected 4R tau pathology in clinically diagnosed PSP. Eighteen patients (70±6y, n=9 female) with probable or possible PSP Richardson syndrome according to MDS-PSP criteria underwent 18F-PI2620 PET at four different centers together with ten healthy controls and ten disease controls (Multi-system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, and AD). Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVr, 30-60min) of predefined subcortical brain regions were generated using cerebellar scaling. SUVr data were compared between PSP, HC, and disease controls. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM, V12) was performed between PSP and HC. SUVr and SPM data were corrected for different centers. An in vitro pilot autoradiography using 18F-PI2620 incubation of brain slices was performed. Elevated 18F-PI2620 SUVr was observed in PSP patients (PSP rating scale: 40±17; range 13-71) in the globus pallidus (1.34±0.16; p=0.001; d=1.72) and the substantia nigra (1.33±0.13; p=0.002; d=1.52) when compared to HC (1.12±0.09/1.15±0.08). Disease controls showed a similar signal in the globus pallidus (1.12±0.08; p=n.s.) and a moderate elevation in the substantia nigra (1.25±0.10; p=n.s.) when compared to HC. SPM revealed elevated 18F-PI2620 uptake in the globus pallidus, in the substantia nigra, and frontal and parietal cortices (all p<0.001, uncorrected) as compared to HC. Subjects with low disease severity (PSP rating scale ≤30; n=4) already had a significantly elevated 18F-PI2620 uptake in the globus pallidus when compared to HC (1.38±0.13; p=0.001; d=2.32). Preliminary in vitro autoradiography showed distinguishable 18F-PI2620 binding in the globus pallidus of a PSP patient which was however lower when compared to cortical binding in AD.