gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role for asparaginyl-tRNA in the regulation of asparagine synthetase in a mammalian cell line. (1977)

The expression of asparagine synthetase activity [L-aspartate:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.3.1.1] in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is regulated by asparagine. After transfer of CHO cells from an asparagine-supplemented medium to a medium lacking asparagine, activity increases 1.5- to 2-fold. If asparagine is added back to the medium, activity returns to control levels. To test the possible involvement of Asn-tRNAAsn in regulating the levels of asparagine synthetase, we have examined the levels of asparagine synthetase in a mutant of CHO cells containing a temperature-sensitive asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase [L-asparagine:tRNA ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.1.1.22]. Under conditions of limited asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase activity in the mutant, there is a 2- to 3-fold increase in the level of asparagine synthetase activity. Under identical conditions, there is no change in asparagine synthetase activity in the wild type. This correlation between asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase activity and asparagine synthetase levels may be a consequence of a direct role of tRNAAsn in the regulation of the in vivo expression of the asparagine synthetase structural gene.
Cloning and characterization of araA, araB, and araD, the structural genes for L-arabinose utilization in Bacillus subtilis (1989)

Two recombinant plasmids, pSNL1 and pSNL2, carrying structural genes for L-arabinose utilization were isolated from a Bacillus subtilis gene library. Both plasmids complemented araD mutations in a Rec- B. subtilis strain and in Escherichia coli. Moreover, pSNL1 also complemented araB mutations in both species and efficiently transformed araA Rec+ B. subtilis strains to Ara+. Detailed physical mapping of both plasmids in addition to transformation experiments involving defined restriction fragments from the pSNL1 insert unambiguously determined the gene order to be araD, araB, and araA, an order different from that found in E. coli.
Best-Grid Filtering Based on the Grid and Its Realization (2006)

In this paper,we discuss several basic data distribution management mechanisms of HLA/RTI,compare their advantages and disadvantages.Then a data distribution strategy is proposed,a DDM model named the Best-Grid Filtering mechanism is developed and the way of how to computer the appropriate size of Grid-Cell is given.Then this filtering mechanism is used for the system of forest fire fighting.Through the test,this mechanism realizes the purpose of the data distribution management in the local network by reducing the quantity of the data,and meets the demands of the real-time and the logic correction in the distribute simulation.
DNA-mediated transfer of multiple drug resistance and plasma membrane glycoprotein expression. (1982)

Colchicine-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants whose resistance results from reduced drug permeability have been isolated previously in our laboratories. This reduced permeability affects a wide range of unrelated drugs, resulting in the mutants displaying a multiple drug resistance phenotype. A 170,000-dalton cell surface glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) was identified, and its expression appears to correlate with the degree of resistance. In this study we were able to confer the multiple drug resistance phenotype on sensitive mouse L cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer of DNA obtained from the colchicine-resistant mutants. P-glycoprotein was detected in plasma membranes of these DNA transformants by staining with an antiserum raised against membranes of mutant CHO cells. These results are consistent with a causal relationship between P-glycoprotein expression and the multiple drug resistance phenotype.
Induction of intermediate mesoderm by retinoic acid receptor signaling from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (2013)

Renal lineages including kidney are derived from intermediate mesoderm, which are differentiated from a subset of caudal undifferentiated mesoderm. The inductive mechanisms of mammalian intermediate mesoderm and renal lineages are still poorly understood. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can be a good in vitro model to reconstitute the developmental pathway of renal lineages and to analyze the mechanisms of the sequential differentiation. We examined the effects of Activin A and retinoic acid (RA) on the induction of intermediate mesoderm from mESCs under defined, serum-free, adherent, monolayer culture conditions. We measured the expression level of intermediate mesodermal marker genes and examined the developmental potential of the differentiated cells into kidney using an ex vivo transplantation assay. Adding Activin A followed by RA to mESC cultures induced the expression of marker genes and proteins for intermediate mesoderm, odd-skipped related 1 (Osr1) and Wilms Tumor 1 (Wt1). These differentiated cells integrated into laminin-positive tubular cells and Pax2-positive renal cells in cultured embryonic kidney explants. We demonstrated that intermediate mesodermal marker expression was also induced by RA receptor (RAR) agonist, but not by retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists. Furthermore, the expression of these markers was decreased by RAR antagonists. We directed the differentiation of mESCs into intermediate mesoderm using Activin A and RA and revealed the role of RAR signaling in this differentiation. These methods and findings will improve our understanding of renal lineage development and could contribute to the regenerative medicine of kidney.
Kernel Support for Faster Web Proxies. (2003)

This paper proposes two mechanisms for reducing the communication-related overheads of Web applications. One mechanism is user-level connection tracking, which allows an application to coordinate its non-blocking I/O operations with significantly fewer system calls than previously possible. The other mechanism is data-stream splicing, which allows a Web proxy application to forward data between server and client streams in the kernel with no restrictions on connection persistency, object cacheability, and request pipelining. These mechanisms remove elements that scale poorly with CPU speed, such as context switches and data copies, from the code path of Web-request handling. The two mechanisms are implemented as Linux loadable kernel modules. User-level connection tracking is used to implement uselect, a user-level select API. The Squid Web proxy and the Polygraph benchmarking tool are used in the evaluation. With Polymix-4, a realistic forward proxy workload biased towards cache hits and small files, the reductions in CPU overheads relative to the original Squid (with select) are 52-72% for uselect, up to 12% for splice, and 58-78% for the two mechanisms combined. Relative to Squid with /dev/epoll, uselect provides 50% overhead reduction.
Abnormal activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors underlies the unpleasant sensations in dry eye disease (2015)

Dry eye disease (DED) affects >10% of the population worldwide, and it provokes an unpleasant sensation of ocular dryness, whose underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. Removal of the main lachrymal gland in guinea pigs caused long-term reduction of basal tearing accompanied by changes in the architecture and density of subbasal corneal nerves and epithelial terminals. After 4 weeks, ongoing impulse activity and responses to cooling of corneal cold thermoreceptor endings were enhanced. Menthol (200 μM) first excited and then inactivated this augmented spontaneous and cold-evoked activity. Comparatively, corneal polymodal nociceptors of tear-deficient eyes remained silent and exhibited only a mild sensitization to acidic stimulation, whereas mechanonociceptors were not affected. Dryness-induced changes in peripheral cold thermoreceptor responsiveness developed in parallel with a progressive excitability enhancement of corneal cold trigeminal ganglion neurons, primarily due to an increase of sodium currents and a decrease of potassium currents. In corneal polymodal nociceptor neurons, sodium currents were enhanced whereas potassium currents remain unaltered. In healthy humans, exposure of the eye surface to menthol vapors or to cold air currents evoked unpleasant sensations accompanied by increased blinking frequency that we attributed to cold thermoreceptor stimulation. Notably, stimulation with menthol reduced the ongoing background discomfort of patients with DED, conceivably due to use-dependent inactivation of cold thermoreceptors. Together, these data indicate that cold thermoreceptors contribute importantly to the detection and signaling of ocular surface wetness, and develop under chronic eye dryness conditions an injury-evoked neuropathic firing that seems to underlie the unpleasant sensations experienced by patients with DED.
Aligned to the Object, Not to the Image: A Unified Pose-Aligned Representation for Fine-Grained Recognition (2019)

Dramatic appearance variation due to pose constitutes a great challenge in fine-grained recognition, one which recent methods using attention mechanisms or second-order statistics fail to adequately address. Modern CNNs typically lack an explicit understanding of object pose and are instead confused by entangled pose and appearance. In this paper, we propose a unified object representation built from pose-aligned regions of varied spatial sizes. Rather than representing an object by regions aligned to image axes, the proposed representation characterizes appearance relative to the object's pose using pose-aligned patches whose features are robust to variations in pose, scale and viewing angle. We propose an algorithm that performs pose estimation and forms the unified object representation as the concatenation of pose-aligned region features, which is then fed into a classification network. The proposed algorithm attains state-of-the-art results on two fine-grained datasets, notably 89.2% on the widely-used CUB-200 dataset and 87.9% on the much larger NABirds dataset. Our success relative to competing methods shows the critical importance of disentangling pose and appearance for continued progress in fine-grained recognition.
On-the-fly Data Integration for Personalized Television Recommender Systems (2008)

In this paper we present our iFanzy demonstrator, which aims at offering users television content in a personalized and context-sensitive way. With iFanzy we integrate different volatile content sources like video-on-demand, broadcast and Web information on-the-fly to disperse it on different clients on different platforms like set-top boxes and Web interfaces. Via semantic Web techniques, TV content and background data from various heterogeneous sources is integrated into a transparent RDF/OWL knowledge graph, which allows the user to navigate and browse the vast content sets nowadays available. Via illustrative examples we explain how the main integrated data set is built and how we exploit it to provide iFanzypsilas main functionality, like semantic search of the available content and execution of context sensitive recommendations.
Lung surfactant suppresses oxygen-dependent bactericidal functions of human blood monocytes by inhibiting the assembly of the NADPH oxidase (1993)

Surfactant is known to lower the surface tension in alveoli and affects the antibacterial functions of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. We investigated the effects of surfactant on the bactericidal functions and oxidative metabolism of human blood monocytes and granulocytes. Monocytes incubated with surfactant ingest this material and subsequently exhibit an impaired ability to kill ingested bacteria. Granulocytes incubated with surfactant do not ingest this material, and their bactericidal functions are not affected. However, granulocytes that have ingested surfactant-coated Staphylococcus aureus display an impaired ability to kill these bacteria. Moreover, in monocytes and granulocytes that contain surfactant--the latter by ingestion of surfactant-coated S. aureus--the intracellular production of H2O2 is impaired due to inhibition of the assembly of the NADPH oxidase. Together these results demonstrate that surfactant inside monocytes and granulocytes inhibits the capacity of these cells to kill bacteria intracellularly by impairing oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms.
Maternal Anxiety Associated With Newborn Genetic Screening for Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

For most mothers, newborn genetic screening to identify infants at increased risk for type 1 diabetes is not associated with significantly elevated maternal anxiety; anxiety further dissipates over time. However, anxiety levels vary considerably as a function of maternal ethnic status, education, marital status, maternal estimation of infant risk, and sex of the child and may be significantly elevated in some women.
[Investigation of an Legionnaires' disease outbreak associated with contaminated air-conditioning]. (1998)

An outbreak of upper respiratory infection (influenza-like syndrome) took place among the staff members of a large office building in Beijing, June, 1997. To understand the cause of the outbreak, with a case-control study with serological antibodies detection against serogroup 1 to 14 of Legionnaires' disease bacteria (LDB) and bacteriological test and culture on samples collected from the air-conditioning system of the office building was performed. The findings showed that the attack rates of tonsillitis and upper respiratory infection were 61.86% and 34.62% respectively. The relation was statistically significant between the symptoms of fever and tonsillitis in the cases (chi 2 = 77.88, P < 0.01). The positive rates of LDB antibodies on serogroups 9, 10, 12, 14 were 45.94% in the cases of upper respiratory infection and 3/15, 6/17, 0/15, 1/16 respectively in the four controls groups. Condensied water samples from an air-conditioning system showed that Legionella Pneumophila was positive. Evidence showed that it was an outbreak resulting from LDB serogroup 9 and 12, accompanied by upper respiratory infection related to air-conditioning system contaminated by LDB. This was the first report Lp infection associated with an air-conditioning system in China.
Intestinal microsporidiosis. Report of five cases. (1995)

Five cases of intestinal microsporidiosis are reported, including one case of a heterosexual female acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient, three homosexual males, and one bisexual male AIDS patients with detailed description of their clinical course. These five cases underscore the severity of immunodeficiency in patients with microsporidiosis. All patients had multiple opportunistic infections and a CD4 cell count below 100/microliters long before diarrhea developed. This is the first kinetic study of helper T-lymphocytes in cases of microsporidiosis. Diagnosis was made by duodenal biopsies stained with Brown and Brenn or Gram-Weigert technique (confirmed by electron microscopy) and by stool smears stained with a modified trichrome technique. However, the best preparation was plastic sections stained with toluidine blue, which demonstrated both the spores and plasmodia clearly. In our evaluation, Giemsa stain was also acceptable for identification of microsporidian spores in both intestinal biopsies and stool smears, but there was a failure to identify the organism on hematoxylin and eosin, acid-fast, periodic acid-Schiff, and Gomeri's methenamine silver stained preparations. Therapeutic attempts using albendazole, metronidazole, octreotide, and zidovudine (AZT) failed to eradicate microsporidia in these patients.
Complications of Labor Analgesia (1994)

Both epidural and combined spinal epidural (CSE) analgesia can provide maternal pain relief during labor. Currently, there are few data comparing the risks and complications of these two techniques. We recorded the incidence and severity of anesthetic-related complications in 1022 laboring parturients. Ninety-eight women opted for either no or parenteral analgesia, 388 chose epidural, and 536 requested CSE analgesia. Women choosing CSE analgesia most often received an intrathecal injection of sufentanil 10 micrograms at the time of epidural catheter insertion. The epidural catheters were then dosed as needed as the intrathecal analgesia waned. Women who received CSE analgesia were more likely to itch (41.4% vs 1.3%) or complain of nausea (2.4% vs 1.0%) or vomiting (3.2% vs 1.0%) than those receiving solely epidural analgesia. Patients who requested only epidural analgesia were more likely to suffer an unintended dural puncture (4.2% vs 1.7%). Fewer than 10% developed hypotension with either technique. The risk of headache was the same with both anesthetics (4%-10%) and did not differ from the incidence of headache in women not receiving neuraxial analgesia (10%-14%). Six patients required epidural blood patch for moderate to severe postural headache. Four of these women suffered a dural puncture with the 18-gauge Hustead epidural needle. The other two women had reportedly uncomplicated epidural and CSE analgesia. These data suggest either neuraxial analgesic technique can safely relieve the pain of labor. CSE analgesia is a safe alternative to epidural analgesia for labor and delivery.
High-Strength Composite Fibers: Realizing True Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Matrix through Continuous Reticulate Architecture and Molecular Level Couplings (2009)

Carbon nanotubes have unprecedented mechanical properties as defect-free nanoscale building blocks, but their potential has not been fully realized in composite materials due to weakness at the interfaces. Here we demonstrate that through load-transfer-favored three-dimensional architecture and molecular level couplings with polymer chains, true potential of CNTs can be realized in composites as initially envisioned. Composite fibers with reticulate nanotube architectures show order of magnitude improvement in strength compared to randomly dispersed short CNT reinforced composites reported before. The molecular level couplings between nanotubes and polymer chains results in drastic differences in the properties of thermoset and thermoplastic composite fibers, which indicate that conventional macroscopic composite theory fails to explain the overall hybrid behavior at nanoscale.
Molybdenum target x‐ray spectra: A semiempirical model (1991)

A semiempirical model for generating molybdenum target x-ray spectra is presented. The model is an extension of a previous model developed by the authors for tungsten and takes into account the depth of production for both bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-ray photons. As in the previous work, the optimal model parameters were determined using nonlinear least-squares fits to experimental data. Good agreement between the two was obtained. By varying target angle, off-axis angle, and filtration in the model in accordance with the x-ray tube and geometry of interest, results consistent with tabulated spectra for different conditions have been obtained.
PEROXIDE- AND LIGHT-INDUCED REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS WITH OLEFINS (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPEROXIDE- AND LIGHT-INDUCED REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS WITH OLEFINSW. H. Urry, F. W. Stacey, O. O. Juveland, and C. H. McDonnellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 1, 250–251Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01097a523https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01097a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correction for photon attenuation without transmission measurements using compton scatter information in SPECT (2007)

Accurate correction for nonuniform attenuation in SPECT requires knowledge of the patient-specific attenuation map. Currently, attenuation maps are either measured using a radioactive external source mounted on the SPECT system, or derived from images from other modalities, such as CT. We have developed a method for reconstructing attenuation maps from emission data in energy windows below the photopeak window. We derived a linear relation between the number of photons detected in the scatter windows and the values of the voxel attenuation coefficients, making it possible to reconstruct attenuation maps using statistical techniques such as MLEM. Our approach is based on the assumption that all photons detected in the selected scatter windows have been singly scattered. The algorithm requires multiple passes with alternating updates of the estimated emission distribution and the attenuation map. To test the feasibility of this approach, we acquired projection datasets of a torso phantom using a Siemens e.cam scanner. Sixty one-minute projections over 360 degrees were obtained. Counts were acquired in a 140-keV photopeak window (15% wide) and in five scatter windows centered at 126, 120, 114, 108, and 102 keV (each 4% wide). In our initial evaluation, the attenuation maps were successfully reconstructed without major artifacts in the first pass of the algorithm. The spatial resolution of the attenuation map appeared to be similar to that of SPECT, because details on the order of 1 cm could be seen. This new approach is promising, and may provide an alternative to transmission-based attenuation maps in SPECT imaging.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements of chromium nitride coatings (2001)

Coatings of chromium and chromium nitride with various compositions were deposited on silicon substrates using ion-assisted reactive magnetron sputtering. These coatings were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The primary chromium nitride phases (Cr2N and CrN) in the chromium nitride films were identified using XRD. The chemical composition of selected samples was determined from RBS measurements. The refractive indices of Cr, Cr2N, and CrN were deduced from the analysis of the SE data. Based on these refractive indices, ellipsometry was used successfully to identify the microstructure and the roughness of a number of chromium nitride coatings grown under different deposition conditions.