gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dechlorination of Pentachlorophenol by Zero Valent Iron and Modified Zero Valent Irons (2000)

The disappearance of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from aqueous solutions in contact with zero valent metals (ZVMs) may be due to dechlorination reactions or sorption to ZVM-related surfaces. Previously reported results on PCP and zero valent iron measured only PCP loss from aqueous solutions and attributed this loss to reaction. In this study, the total amount of unreacted PCP, both that in aqueous solution and that sorbed to ZVM-related surfaces, was measured using a modified extraction method. PCP dechlorination was confirmed by following the appearance of tetrachlorophenol isomers. The results indicate that the rate of dechlorination is much slower than previously reported. In our experiments, electrolytic zero valent iron with a surface area of 0.12 m2/g resulted in an observed first-order rate constant (±95% confidence limits) of 3.9 (±0.7) × 10-3 h-1 or a half-life of approximately 7.4 days. Normalized to surface area, the rate constant (kSA) is 3.2 (±0.6) × 10-4 L m-2 h-1. Four amended irons prepared by coating iron with palladium (Pd/Fe), platinum (Pt/Fe), nickel (Ni/Fe), and copper (Cu/Fe) were also used and showed slower removal rates as compared to unamended iron (estimated half-lives of 36−43 days). Slower reaction rates obtained with amended irons as compared to iron have not been previously reported. Overall, this study conclusively demonstrates PCP dechlorination by iron and several bimetallic ZVMs and indicates that it is essential to separate reaction and sorption processes.
T Cells Bearing a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Against the Tumor Vasculature Destroy the Tumor Endothelium and Result in Tumor Regression (2014)

Aberrant blood vessels enable tumor growth, provide a barrier to immune infiltration, and serve as a source of pro-tumorigenic signals. Targeting tumor blood vessels for destruction, or tumor vascular disruption therapy, can therefore provide significant therapeutic benefit. Here I describe the development of two chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)s against the tumor vasculature, targeting either tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). CAR T cells incorporating scFv78, an scFv isolated against TEM1, were able to recognize immobilized plate-bound TEM1 protein, but were unable to recognize TEM1 on the surface of endothelial cell targets. In contrast, anti-PSMA CAR T cells, which incorporate the J591 scFv, were able to recognize human PSMA (hPSMA) both in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate the role of intracellular signaling domains on endothelial cell killing, a panel of the J591-based CAR T cells was characterized, each harboring a different combination of the intracellular signaling domains, CD3 zeta (z), CD28 (28), and CD137/4-1BB (BB). I found that all anti-hPSMA CAR T cells were able to recognize and eliminate PSMA+ endothelial targets in vitro, regardless of signaling domain. Furthermore, T cells bearing the 3rd generation anti-hPSMA CAR, P28BBz, were able to recognize and kill primary human endothelial cells isolated from gynecological cancers. In addition, the P28BBz CAR T cells were able to mediate regression of hPSMA-expressing vascular neoplasms in mice. Finally, in murine ovarian cancers models populated by murine vessels expressing hPSMA, the P28BBz CAR T cells were able to ablate PSMA+ vessels, cause secondary depletion of tumor cells, and reduce tumor burden. Taken together, these results provide strong rationale for the use of CAR T cells as agents of tumor vascular disruption, specifically those targeting PSMA.
Molecular analysis and expression of the lipase of Staphylococcus epidermidis (1993)

Lipase of Staphylococcus epidermidis 9 was purified from culture supernatant fluid. Two polypeptides (51 and 43 kDa) were detected by SDS-PAGE, of which the 43 kDa polypeptide reacted with anti-lipase serum. The S. epidermidis 9 lipase gene (gehC) was cloned in Escherichia coli and localized to a 2.1 kb sequence by subcloning and transposon mutagenesis. The nucleotide sequence of gehC (2064 nucleotides) was determined and the predicted amino acid sequence of the encoded lipase (77 kDa) identified. A 97 kDa lipase was detected in extracts of E. coli harbouring gehC and in post-exponential-phase culture supernatant fluids of S. epidermidis 9. Data presented indicate that the lipase behaves anomalously during SDS-PAGE and that a pro-lipase is proteolytically processed in cultures of S. epidermidis 9 during growth.
Low-voltage lateral-contact microrelays for RF applications (2003)

This paper reports the design and fabrication of a low-voltage lateral-contact microrelay for RF applications. The silicon surface micromachined relay utilizes electrothermal actuators and low-stress silicon nitride as a structural connection as well as electrical and thermal isolation. The sidewall contact is sputtered gold. The driving voltage is measured to be as low as 8V. RF testing shows that the microrelay has an off-state isolation of 20 dB at 12 GHz. The simplicity of this four-mask fabrication process enables the possible integration with other RF MEMS components.
DoG-based detection of architectural distortion in mammographic images for computer-aided detection (2012)

We propose a new method for accurate detection of architectural distortion that is a typical sign of breast cancer lesions in mammograms and necessary to be detected and diagnosed properly at an early stage for improvement of the survival rate of patients. An essential core of the proposed method is to efficiently extract a new general feature of the architectural distortions whose lesional intensities are not only higher than those of the surroundings as well known, but also often lower. While conventional features such as radial lines and higher intensities are difficult to be extracted and/or insufficient for accurate detection, the candidate area with such a new feature can be extracted accurately by using a difference of Gaussian (DoG)-based filter and after that a thresholding technique can reduce the number of false positives. The detection based on the new feature is expected to be more accurate than conventional ones because it reflects more general characteristics of the lesion. The experimental result using the database commonly tested worldwide shows that performance of the proposed method is superior to those of conventional ones.
Coupler-apodized Bragg-grating add–drop filter (2013)

We demonstrate an apodization technique using tapered coupler gaps in grating-assisted asymmetric couplers, which circumvents the need for tapered waveguide perturbations and enables a higher tolerance to fabrication errors. A high sidelobe suppression ratio of 30 dB has been obtained on the submicrometer silicon-on-insulator platform using a CMOS-compatible photonics process with 193 nm lithography.
Should Practices Make Changes in Today's Uncertain Reimbursement Climate? (2004)

"Should Practices Make Changes in Today's Uncertain Reimbursement Climate?." Oncology Issues, 19(2), pp. 1–2
The effects of fatty acids on lymphocyte functions. (1993)

1. Lymphocytes play an important role in cell-mediated immunity and have been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. 2. Unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, inhibit mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. The inhibition of proliferation is dependent upon the concentration of fatty acid, the time during culture of fatty acid addition, the duration of exposure of the cells to the fatty acid and the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid. 3. Unsaturated fatty acids suppress production of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-2 by lymphocytes in vitro. 4. Triacylglycerols containing unsaturated fatty acids inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity in vitro. 5. Feeding weanling rats diets containing olive oil, evening primrose oil or fish oil results in suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. 6. Preliminary studies indicated that supplementation of the diet of healthy humans with fish oil-containing capsules suppresses lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production. 7. These effects, along with inhibitory effects upon the functions of other cells involved in the immune response, in particular monocytes and macrophages, indicate that certain unsaturated fatty acid-containing oils (particularly evening primrose oil and fish oil) may be of benefit in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of an Antifungal Protein Produced by Bacillus licheniformis BS-3 (2012)

An antifungal protein produced by Bacillus licheniformis strain BS-3 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-52 column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. The purified protein was designated as F2 protein, inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger, Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani. F2 protein was a monomer with approximately molecular weight of 31 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gave a single peak on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Using Rhizoctonia solani as the indicator strain, the EC50 of F2 protein was 35.82 µg/mL, displaying a higher antifungal activity in a range of pH 6.0 to pH 10.0, and at a temperature below 70 °C for 30 min. F2 protein was moderately resistant to hydrolysis by trypsin, proteinase K, after which its relative activities were 41.7% and 59.5%, respectively. F2 protein was assayed using various substrates to determine the enzymatic activities, the results showed the hydrolyzing activity on casein, however, no enzymatic activities on colloidal chitin, CM-cellulose, xylan, M. lysodeikticus, and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetylglucosaminide.
Detecting and Discriminating Shigella sonnei Using an Aptamer-Based Fluorescent Biosensor Platform (2017)

In this paper, a Whole-Bacteria SELEX (WB-SELEX) strategy was adopted to isolate specific aptamers against <i>Shigella sonnei</i>. Real-time PCR amplification and post-SELEX experiment revealed that the selected aptmers possessed a high binding affinity and specificity for <i>S. sonnei</i>. Of the 21 aptamers tested, the C(t) values of the SS-3 and SS-4 aptamers (Ct = 13.89 and Ct = 12.23, respectively) had the lowest value compared to other aptamer candidates. The SS-3 and SS-4 aptamers also displayed a binding affinity (<i>K<sub>D</sub></i>) of 39.32 ± 5.02 nM and 15.89 ± 1.77 nM, respectively. An aptamer-based fluorescent biosensor assay was designed to detect and discriminate <i>S. sonnei</i> cells using a sandwich complex pair of SS-3 and SS-4. The detection of <i>S. sonnei</i> by the aptamer based fluorescent biosensor platform consisted of three elements: (1) 5'amine-SS-4 modification in a 96-well type microtiter plate surface (<i>N</i>-oxysuccinimide, NOS) as capture probes; (2) the incubation with <i>S. sonnei</i> and test microbes in functionalized 96 assay wells in parallel; (3) the readout of fluorescent activity using a Cy5-labeled SS-3 aptamer as the detector. Our platform showed a significant ability to detect and discriminate <i>S. sonnei</i> from other enteric species such as <i>E. coli</i>, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> and other <i>Shigella</i> species (<i>S. flexneri</i>, <i>S. boydii</i>). In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of an aptamer sensor platform to detect <i>S. sonnei</i> in a variety of foods and pave the way for its use in diagnosing shigellosis through multiple, portable designs.
Rip1 Mediates the Trif-dependent Toll-like Receptor 3- and 4-induced NF-κB Activation but Does Not Contribute to Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Activation (2005)

Rip1 is required for IkappaB kinase activation in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and has been implicated in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) response to double-stranded RNA. Cytokine production is impaired when rip1-/- cells are treated with TNF-alpha, poly(I-C), or lipopolysaccharide, implicating Rip1 in the Trif-dependent TLR3 and TLR4 pathways. To examine the role of Rip1 in the Trif-dependent TLR4 pathway, we generated rip1-/- MyD88-/- cells. Lipopolysaccharide failed to stimulate NF-kappaB activation in rip1-/-MyD88-/- cells, revealing that Rip1 is also required for the Trif-dependent TLR4-induced NF-kappaB pathway. In addition to activating NF-kappaB, TLR3/4 pathways also stimulate interferon regulatory factor 3 activation. However, we find that Rip1 expression stimulates NF-kappaB but not interferon regulatory factor 3 activity. In the TNF-alpha pathway, Rip1 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Traf2 and is modified by polyubiquitin chains. Upon TLR3 activation, Rip1 is also modified by polyubiquitin chains and is recruited to TLR3 along with Traf6 and the ubiquitin-activated kinase Tak1. These studies suggest that Rip1 uses a similar, ubiquitin-dependent mechanism to activate IkappaB kinase-beta in response to TNF-alpha and TLR3 ligands.
Predicting Catastrophic Phase Inversion on the Basis of Droplet Coalescence Kinetics (1996)

A predictive model for catastrophic phase inversion, based on the kinetics of droplet breakup and coalescence, is presented here. Two inversion mechanisms can be distinguished, depending on the direction of the phase inversion process. With the surfactant predominantly present in the dispersed phase, the coalescence rate is high and “easy” phase inversion takes place at relatively low volume fractions. Going in the other direction, surfactant is predominantly present in the continuous phase. The coalescence rate is dramatically lowered because of the Gibbs−Marangoni effect, and “difficult” inversion will not take place up to relatively high volume fractions. Experiments were carried out in a stirred vessel, where phase inversion was detected by a jump in emulsion conductivity. Easy inversion points were found on the order of 20−50% volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Difficult inversion was not detected up to 97% dispersed phase. The easy inversion point increases with dispersed phase addition rate and is independent of the stirrer speed below a stirrer speed of 1500 rpm. A simple model based on the breakup and coalescence rate of emulsion droplets in the easy inversion regime allows us to calculate the stationary droplet size as a function of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase, as well as the evolution of the droplet size in time under addition of dispersed phase. The stationary droplet size diverges above a critical volume fraction of 26.4%, indicating phase inversion. This model can qualitatively describe hysteresis and the phase inversion point dependence on stirrer speed and dispersed phase addition rate, as found in our experiments.
A 80kS/s 36µW resistor-based temperature sensor using BGR-free SAR ADC with a unevenly-weighted resistor string in 0.18µm CMOS (2011)

A resistor-based temperature sensor with a BGR-free SAR ADC is reported. The non-zero temperature dependency of the ADC reference voltages, as a result of without using a BGR, is compensated by adopting the proposed unevenly-weighted 9-bit resistor string for reference voltage generation. Fabricated in a 0.18µm CMOS, the sensor achieves 0.25°C resolution over 0∼100°C range and draws 20µA from a 1.8V supply. At a conversion rate of 80kS/s, the FOM [1] is 0.11nJ/°C.
A Nucleolin-Binding 3′ Untranslated Region Element Stabilizes β-Globin mRNA In Vivo (2006)

The normal expression of human beta globin is critically dependent upon the constitutively high stability of its encoding mRNA. Unlike with alpha-globin mRNA, the specific cis-acting determinants and trans-acting factors that participate in stabilizing beta-globin mRNA are poorly described. The current work uses a linker-scanning strategy to identify a previously unknown determinant of mRNA stability within the beta-globin 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). The new determinant is positioned on an mRNA half-stem opposite a pyrimidine-rich sequence targeted by alphaCP/hnRNP-E, a factor that plays a critical role in stabilizing human alpha-globin mRNA. Mutations within the new determinant destabilize beta-globin mRNA in intact cells while also ablating its 3'UTR-specific interaction with the polyfunctional RNA-binding factor nucleolin. We speculate that 3'UTR-bound nucleolin enhances mRNA stability by optimizing alphaCP access to its functional binding site. This model is favored by in vitro evidence that alphaCP binding is enhanced both by cis-acting stem-destabilizing mutations and by the trans-acting effects of supplemental nucleolin. These studies suggest a mechanism for beta-globin mRNA stability that is related to, but distinct from, the mechanism that stabilizes human alpha-globin mRNA.
Rural Flies in the Urban Environment (1993)

Because metropolitan areas in the United States have been expanding at a dramatic rate, there has been direct competition between rural and urban interests for land. Also, market pressures often make it most profitable for meat producers to locate as close to urban centers as possible. A resultant growing interface between rural and urban centers, coupled with inadequate understanding of the people between the two centers, provides a potential for problems to develop. This book generally summarizes one area of contention - flies: few people tolerate flies in any setting anymore.
Maximum Electric Field Strength Prediction of WCDMA Base Station Using Pilot Channel (2011)

본 논문에서는 코드 영역에서의 pilot 채널의 전기장 강도를 측정하여 WCDMA 기지국에서 방사되는 전기장 강도의 최대값을 예측하였다. 사용된 방법의 타당성을 제시하기 위하여 자체 제작한 시험 기지국에서 광선 추적법을 이용한 이론값과 전체 대역에 대한 전기장 강도 측정 결과와 비교하여 90 % 이상 일치함을 확인하였다. 그리고 실제 운용 중인 기지국을 대상으로 채널 전체에 대한 전기장 강도 측정 결과를 논문에서 제안한 방법으로 예측한 결과와 비교하였다. 비교한 결과, pilot 채널을 이용하면 최대 트래픽 상태의 전기장 강도를 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 측정방법은 국내 무선국 전기장 강도 검사에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있다. In this paper, we predict a maximum electric field strength of WCDMA base station using a pilot channel in a code domain. In order to verify the feasibility of our method, we compare our predicted value on a self-designed test base station with a general electric field strength measurement value at a full-traffic load condition and with a calculated value by a ray-tracing technique. Predicted results show above 90 % agreement with the general measurement and calculation values. We also show that our prediction method can be applied to electric field measurement on a real operating base station. Therefore, it is concluded that our prediction method be an effective method to measure a maximum electric field strength in a base station inspection test.
Decoupling: theory and practice I. Current methods and recent concepts (1997)

Current methods for broadband heteronuclear decoupling are reviewed from a historical perspective. The principal concern is that decoupling should be effective over a wide range of chemical shifts without undue radiofrequency heating of the sample, particularly when human patients are involved. Continuous-wave methods are the least efficient in this respect, followed by noise decoupling. Composite pulse schemes offer a more effective use of radiofrequency power, while adiabatic passage methods are the most efficient of all. Bi-level decoupling employs a low level of radiofrequency irradiation during the relaxation delay to maintain the nuclear Overhauser effect, with a higher level during signal acquisition in order to decouple over a wide frequency band. All decoupling sequences introduce cycling sidebands into the observed spectrum, and schemes are described to minimize the intensity of these artifacts. In part II, practical applications of decoupling methods are examined in the context of in vivo spectroscopy, where the improvements in sensitivity and resolution through broadband decoupling can be critical for solving clinical problems. Attention is focused on the regulatory limits on power deposition in these experiments. A tabulation of the existing work on decoupling in biological tissue is presented, mainly involving 31P and 13C spectroscopy in vivo or in vitro.
Prediction of urban propagation loss (1994)

Two significantly different methods to calculate the path loss in urban areas are investigated in order to test their applicability to predicting the received power of a broadband DAB signal for mobile reception. The results were verified by broadband measurements of the received power in a DAB single-frequency network recently installed in Munich. Although these methods use totally different approaches to calculate the path loss, their predictions of the mean received power are of comparable accuracy. However, in order to cope with the need of a coverage for 99% of the locations for a digital service and mobile reception, it is worthwhile to use rather complex methods that are capable of providing information about the local variation of the signal. One such method will be described in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Status of blood group carbohydrate chains in ontogenesis and in oncogenesis. (1976)

Blood group ABH determinants in human erythrocytes are carried by four kinds of glycolipid carbohydrate chains, differing in their structural complexity. They are Aa, Ab, Ac, and Ad for A variants, and H1, H2, H3, and H4 for H variants (Table I and Fig 1). Based on the surface labeling of A variants and on the reactivity of erythrocytes to antibodies directed against H3 and against its degradation products, it is concluded that complex variants of A or H determinants (Ac and Ad/or H3 and H4) are absent or significantly low in fetal erythrocytes (80-150 days after gestation) and in new born erythrocytes, whereas these complex structures are fully developed in adult erythrocytes. In contrast, A determinants linked to simpler carbohydrate chains (Aa, Ab variants) are fully developed before birth and do not show significant change after birth. The precursor of blood group carbohydrate chains seems to be abundant in fetal or newborn erythrocytes. This assumption is based on the higher reactivity of fetal or newborn erythrocytes to an antibody, which is directed against the precursor N-acetylglucosaminly beta1 leads to 3 galactosyl beta1 leads to 4 glucosylceramide than in adult erythorocytes. Reactions of glycolipids of gastrointestinal mucosa, with antibodies directed against H3 glycolipid and its degradation products, were compared to that of gastrointestinal tumors. The reaction to bela Glc NAc1 leads to 3 beta Gall leads to 4 Glc leads to ceramide (structure 4), which is the precursor of all blood group glycolipids, was consistently high in many cases of tumor glycolipid than that of normal glycolipid. This as well as other evidence supports a general concept that the process of ontogenesis of a blood group carbohydrate chain occurs as step-by-step elongation and arborization, and that blocking of such a development of a carbohydrate chain occurs in the process of oncogenesis.
Mouse Models for Pendrin-Associated Loss of Cochlear and Vestibular Function (2013)

The human gene SLC26A4 and the mouse ortholog Slc26a4 code for the protein pendrin, which is an anion exchanger expressed in apical membranes of selected epithelia. In the inner ear, pendrin is expressed in the cochlea, the vestibular labyrinth and the endolymphatic sac. Loss-of-function and hypo-functional mutations cause an enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and sensorineural hearing loss. The relatively high prevalence of SLC26A4 mutations provides a strong imperative to develop rational interventions that delay, ameliorate or prevent pendrin-associated loss of cochlear and vestibular function. This review summarizes recent studies in mouse models that have been developed to delineate the role of pendrin in the physiology of hearing and balance and that have brought forward the concept that a temporally and spatially limited therapy may be sufficient to secure a life-time of normal hearing in children bearing mutations of SLC26A4.