gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sphincter repair with a Silastic® sling for anal incontinence and rectal procidentia (1985)

Sixteen selected patients with rectal procidentia, anal incontinence, or both were treated by the insertion of a Dacron impregnated Silastic sling at the Lahey Clinic between 1981 and 1984. The indications for operation were incontinence in 14 patients, procidentia with incontinence in one patient, and procidentia alone in one patient. No operative deaths occurred. Immediate complications included urinary retention in the three patients and hematoma in one patient. Late complications included infection, requiring removal of the Silastic sling in four patients; however, two of these patients underwent subsequent successful reinsertion of the sling after control of local sepsis. Among patients for whom follow-up data were available, satisfaction with the results of this procedure were excellent in two patients, good in six, fair in two, and poor in one. Sphincter repair with a Silastic sling is a safe, reliable alternative in the treatment of selected patients with anal incontinence or rectal procidentia.
A continuous valued iterative algorithm for wire routing problems (2002)

A continuous valued iterative algorithm LMR-FSC for wire routing problems is proposed. In this method, each wire is a non-discrete one (discrete means binary valued, 1=placed or 0=not placed), and has the value of real number between 0 and 1. The wire routing problem is formalized as an optimization problem, and LMR-FSC is based on Lagrangian method for the optimization problem. In this method overlapping of wires of different nets are accounted as cost, and the wires placed on higher cost parts of the routing area are gradually moved to lower cost parts. Experimental results show that continuousness works effectively for some wire routing problems.
Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Among Avian Pneumoviruses of Subgroups A, B, and C at the Matrix but not Nucleocapsid Proteins (2002)

Earlier findings from our laboratory based on analysis of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence identities of 15 avian pneumoviruses (APVs) isolated from the United States (subgroup C) demonstrated that the viruses were phylogenetically separated from the European subgroup A and subgroup B viruses. Here, we investigated whether viruses from the three subgroups were cross-reactive by testing field sera positive for each of the APV subgroups in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test with recombinant matrix (M) and nucleoprotein (N) proteins generated from a Minnesota APV isolate (APV/MN2A). Sera from turkeys infected with APV subgroup A, B, or C reacted with recombinant M protein derived from APV/MN2A. In contrast, recombinant N protein from APV/MN2A virus was reactive with sera from subtypes A and C viruses but not from subtype B virus. The results illustrate that viruses from the three APV subtypes share antigenic homology, and the M protein-based ELISA is adequate for monitoring APV outbreaks but not for distinguishing between different subtypes.
Biotin Reagents for Antibody Pretargeting. Synthesis, Radioiodination, and <i>in Vitro</i> Evaluation of Water Soluble, Biotinidase Resistant Biotin Derivatives (1997)

As part of our development of antibody pretargeting for cancer therapy, an investigation has been conducted to examine the stability of water solubilized, radioiodinated biotin derivatives toward biotinidase degradation in mouse and human serum. Eight new biotin derivatives were synthesized to conduct the study. The biotin derivatives synthesized contained (1) the biotin moiety, (2) a water solubilizing linker moiety, (3) p-iodobenzoate or p-tri-n-butylstannylbenzoate moieties, and (4) in some of the compounds, N-methyl or alpha-methyl containing moieties were added to block biotinidase activity. The linker moiety, 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, 5, was included in the biotin derivatives to improve their water solubility, and it also functioned as a 17 A spacer between the biotin and the benzoyl moieties. Four of the new biotin derivatives (12, 14, 22, and 23) contained a p-tri-n-butylstannylbenzoyl moiety as precursors which could be radioiodinated in the last synthetic step. The other four biotin derivatives (13, 15, 24, and 25) contained p-iodobenzoyl moieties and were used as HPLC reference standards. Initial studies involved radioiodination of 12 to yield [125I]13. Radioiodinated 13, which did not contain a moiety for blocking biotinidase activity, was found to be rapidly degraded in both mouse and human serum at 37 degrees C. Derivatives which were designed to be stable to biotinidase incorporated N-methyl and alpha-methyl moieties adjacent to the biotin carboxylate group. In one set of biotin derivatives (14 and 15), the N-methyl moiety was obtained by incorporating N,N-dimethyl-4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, 9, as a linker in the place of 5. In the second set of biotin derivatives (22 and 24), the N-methyl moiety was introduced by incorporating a sarcosine (N-methylglycine) moiety between biotin and 5. The radioiodinated N-methyl containing biotin derivatives [125I]15 and [125I]24 were found to be very stable to biotinidase degradation. An alpha-methyl group was obtained in a pair of biotin derivatives (23 and 25) by incorporating a 3-aminobutyric acid moiety between biotin and 5. The radioiodinated alpha-methyl containing derivative, [125I]25, was found to have an intermediate stability with regards to biotinidase degradation.
The herpes simplex virus UL20 protein functions in glycoprotein K (gK) intracellular transport and virus-induced cell fusion are independent of UL20 functions in cytoplasmic virion envelopment (2007)

The HSV-1 UL20 protein (UL20p) and glycoprotein K (gK) are both important determinants of cytoplasmic virion morphogenesis and virus-induced cell fusion. In this manuscript, we examined the effect of UL20 mutations on the coordinate transport and Trans Golgi Network (TGN) localization of UL20p and gK, virus-induced cell fusion and infectious virus production. Deletion of 18 amino acids from the UL20p carboxyl terminus (UL20 mutant 204t) inhibited intracellular transport and cell-surface expression of both gK and UL20, resulting in accumulation of UL20p and gK in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in agreement with the inability of 204t to complement UL20-null virus replication and virus-induced cell fusion. In contrast, less severe carboxyl terminal deletions of either 11 or six amino acids (UL20 mutants 211t and 216t, respectively) allowed efficient UL20p and gK intracellular transport, cell-surface expression and TGN colocalization. However, while both 211t and 216t failed to complement for infectious virus production, 216t complemented for virus-induced cell fusion, but 211t did not. These results indicated that the carboxyl terminal six amino acids of UL20p were crucial for infectious virus production, but not involved in intracellular localization of UL20p/gK and concomitant virus-induced cell fusion. In the amino terminus of UL20, UL20p mutants were produced changing one or both of the Y38 and Y49 residues found within putative phosphorylation sites. UL20p tyrosine-modified mutants with both tyrosine residues changed enabled efficient intracellular transport and TGN localization of UL20p and gK, but failed to complement for either infectious virus production, or virus-induced cell fusion. These results show that UL20p functions in cytoplasmic envelopment are separable from UL20 functions in UL20p intracellular transport, cell surface expression and virus-induced cell fusion.
<title>Contamination removal by CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> jet spray</title> (1990)

Studies on the effectiveness of the jet flush in removing particle fallout and Arizona-standard fine dust on polished optical substrates have been carried out at ambient pressure and vacuum. These studies have shown that the CO2 jet flush is a viable method for removing contaminants from optical surfaces with no damage to the surface. The studies also show that the jet flush has potential for use as an on-orbit cleaning device for space optics.
Thermal Adatoms on Si(001) (1998)

Thermal adatoms (present on the surface at elevated temperature, in equilibrium with the step edges) are of key importance in dynamic phenomena such as step capillary wave motions, epitaxial growth, surface phase transitions, and the decay of nonequilibrium structures by surface diffusion. Here we present the first direct measurements of the thermal adatom concentration on Si(001) at elevated temperatures, from which we determine an adatom formation energy of $0.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05\mathrm{eV}$. Comparison with first-principles theory shows that the adatoms occur as dimers. These observations have direct implications for our understanding of surface diffusion and epitaxial growth.
A current mode maximum winner-take-all circuit with low voltage requirement for min-sum analog iterative decoders (2004)

A new current-mode maximum winner-take-all (max WTA) circuit is presented. Inputs and output of the circuit are high swing, and voltage requirements for the inputs and the output are very low and just about V/sub eff/ (V/sub sat/) and 2 V/sub eff/ (2 V/sub sat/), respectively. Because of the cascode configuration, the proposed circuit shows very good precision even for short channel MOSFETs. Simulation results based on 0.13 /spl mu/m UMC CMOS technology are also presented. These results demonstrate the high-precision and low-voltage requirement of the circuit, which makes it a good choice for low-voltage min-sum analog iterative decoders and other soft computing applications.
Variation of electrical conductivity with depth by the magneto-telluric method (1960)

Abstract Apparatus has been installed at the Dominion Observatory Research Station at Meanook, Alberta, for the continuous recording of earth potentials. The theory due to Cagniard and others, in which relative amplitudes of horizontal components of electric and magnetic fields are used to interpret the subsurface structure, is applied in a modified form, to data from the Meanook records. Values of electrical conductivity between depths of 10 km. and 100 km. are estimated and found to vary roughly between 10 (super -13) and 10 (super -14) e.m.u.
Role of menin in the regulation of telomerase activity in normal and cancer cells (1992)

Transcriptional activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is critical for telomerase expression, a major step for cellular immortality and carcinogenesis. Although several transcriptional activators have been identified, factors responsible for repressing the hTERT promoter are largely unknown. Gene screening that employed enhanced retroviral mutagenesis has identified potential hTERT repressors. Among these, menin, which is a tumor suppressor and a gene product of MEN1, has been reported to play a critical role. In the present study, we further analyzed menin's role in the transcriptional regulation of hTERT in normal and cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assays that use the hTERT promoter have demonstrated that an overexpression of menin decreases the transcriptional activity of the hTERT gene in a cell-type specific manner. Mutation and deletion analyses of the hTERT promoter demonstrated that there was no specific site on the promoter that was responsible for the menin-mediated transcriptional inhibition. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay using recombinant menin protein generated the binding complexes with the hTERT promoter, which was completely diminished by the addition of poly-dI-dC. This indicates that there is a sequence-independent binding of menin. RT-PCR assays have revealed that overexpression of menin inhibits hTERT mRNA expression in some cell types, although this inhibition does not lead to a significant down-regulation of telomerase activity. In cancer cell lines and in normal cells, the siRNA-based inhibition of MEN1 does not lead to the up-regulation of hTERT mRNA expression. No significant correlation has been found between menin and hTERT mRNA expressions in a variety of cancer cell lines and clinical tissue samples. Thus, while menin appears to have some inhibitory effects on the hTERT promoter, possibly via the sequence-independent binding to the promoter, the present study does not support the hypothesis that menin has a crucial role in the determination of telomerase activity in normal and cancer cells.
Structures of New Phenylbutanoids and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitors from the Rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar (2009)

The methanolic (MeOH) extract from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar showed nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effects induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. From the MeOH extract, six new phenylbutanoids, phlains I-VI, were isolated together with 16 known constituents. The structures of new phenylbutanoids were determined on the basis of physicochemical and chemical evidence. In addition, the inhibitory effects of the principal constituents on the NO production were examined. Among them, phlain III (IC50=24 microM), (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene (69 microM), (E)-1-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene (83 microM), and cassumunaquinone 1 (47 microM) were found to show the inhibitory effects.
Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study (2008)

LAB4 multistrain probiotic supplement may benefit subjects with IBS.
Adaptive Component Paradigm for Highly Configurable Business Components (2006)

It is unlikely that a business component can always be reused as is, without configuration and customization. When change is needed, the current state of the art is source code modification (Ferguson et al, 2005). However, the ability to deliver wide reuse of components depends heavily on the capability to adapt components to the environment in which they are being used. To achieve this result, business components need to be designed and implemented having change in mind. By change, we mean change of the behavior of the component with out changing the code base of the component (customization with out programming). Thus, there is a need for adaptive component architecture that is generic, extensible, and dynamic in dealing with change of behavior so that the component can be reused in different environments. In order to satisfy these features, component architecture should have a mechanism for supporting and configuring itself to achieve customization without programming. This paper proposes reference architecture for software business component design and development based on adaptive component paradigm. Employing adaptive component paradigm for reference architecture helps in identifying component internal key abstractions and their relationships, which are repeatable and non-arbitrary, as constituent parts of business component. The proposed generic reference architecture for business components is designed using layered architecture pattern. The use of reference component architecture facilitates business component specification process by providing the initial sets of key abstractions and helps in reducing the cost of development as well as maintenance effort
Hydrophobic Ligand Binding by Zn-α2-glycoprotein, a Soluble Fat-depleting Factor Related to Major Histocompatibility Complex Proteins (2001)

Zn-alpha(2)-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a member of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I family of proteins and is identical in amino acid sequence to a tumor-derived lipid-mobilizing factor associated with cachexia in cancer patients. ZAG is present in plasma and other body fluids, and its natural function, like leptin's, probably lies in lipid store homeostasis. X-ray crystallography has revealed an open groove between the helices of ZAG's alpha(1) and alpha(2) domains, containing an unidentified small ligand in a position similar to that of peptides in MHC proteins (Sanchez, L. M., Chirino, A. J., and Bjorkman, P. J. (1999) Science 283, 1914-1919). Here we show, using serum-derived and bacterial recombinant protein, that ZAG binds the fluorophore-tagged fatty acid 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid (DAUDA) and, by competition, natural fatty acids such as arachidonic, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids. Other MHC class I-related proteins (FcRn, HFE, HLA-Cw*0702) showed no such evidence of binding. Fluorescence and isothermal calorimetry analysis showed that ZAG binds DAUDA with K(d) in the micromolar range, and differential scanning calorimetry showed that ligand binding increases the thermal stability of the protein. Addition of fatty acids to ZAG alters its intrinsic (tryptophan) fluorescence emission spectrum, providing a strong indication that ligand binds in the expected position close to a cluster of exposed tryptophan side chains in the groove. This study therefore shows that ZAG binds small hydrophobic ligands, that the natural ligand may be a polyunsaturated fatty acid, and provides a fluorescence-based method for investigating ZAG-ligand interactions.
Chromosome 18 analysis by fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (fish) in human blastomeres of abnormal embryos after <i>in vitro</i> fertilization (ivf) attempt (1995)

We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a chromosome 18-specific probe on human abnormal cleaved embryos, fertilized either by two spermatozoa and exhibiting three pronuclei (3 PN) or normally fertilized and exhibiting two pronuclei (2 PN) with subsequent severe fragmentation and/or blocking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of chromosome 18 anomalies among these embryos in order to evaluate the FISH efficiency on such material and to obtain more precise and complete data than those obtained with classical cytogenetic analysis. For the 3 PN cleaved embryos, FISH confirmed the frequent regulation towards diploidy (25 per cent) and the high frequency of mosaics (53 per cent). For the 2 PN blocked or damaged embryos, FISH permitted chromosome evaluation, which was otherwise impossible with classical cytogenetic techniques: we also found a high mosaic frequency (45 per cent) with these embryos. If this frequency were the same for normally developing embryos, it would be a major obstacle to the reliability of either chromosomal or genetic preimplantation diagnosis.
The Need For Dedicated Bifurcation Stents: A Critical Analysis (2016)

There is growing evidence that optimally performed two-stent techniques may provide similar or better results compared with the simple techniques for bifurcation lesions, with an observed trend towards improvements in clinical and/or angiographic outcomes with a two-stent strategy. Yet, provisional stenting remains the treatment of choice. Here, the author discusses the evidence - and controversies - concerning when and how to use complex techniques.
Abnormal attachments between a plantar aponeurosis and calcaneus. (2013)

It is very important to consider the occurrence of above mentioned variations in the plantar aponeurosis when surgical procedures are performed on the sole.
Power control for mobile DS/CDMA systems using a modified Elman neural network controller (2002)

It is well recognized that power control is an important technique to combat the near-far effect and increase the maximum capacity in direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) cellular systems. We propose a modified Elman (1990) neural network (MENN) based multiple-model power control scheme to keep the received power almost constant at the base station. Unlike the conventional "bang-bang" control and fuzzy control, the MENN can identify the inverse dynamical characteristics of the channel by adaptive on-line learning. The inverse channel model is then used for reverse link power control. Hence, large overshoot and long rise time can be effectively avoided. Simulations show that the fluctuation of controlled received power is satisfactory. The overshoot and channel tracking error are small.
Chicken ovalbumin gene fused to a herpes simplex virus alpha promoter and linked to a thymidine kinase gene is regulated like a viral gene. (1982)

We are describing a system for the introduction, selection, and expression of eucaryotic genes in higher eucaryotic cells. The carrier consisted of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) tk gene covalently linked to an HSV-1 alpha promoter directed away from the tk gene. In this study we fused to the alpha promoter the 5' transcribed noncoding sequences and the coding sequences of the chicken oviduct ovalbumin gene. Cells converted to the TK+ phenotype with this chimeric fragment produced an ovalbumin precursor which was processed and secreted into the extracellular fluid. The ovalbumin gene utilized the HSV-1 alpha promoter and was regulated as a viral gene inasmuch as inversion of the genomic DNA relative to the alpha promoter resulted in no ovalbumin synthesis, and production of ovalbumin was enhanced after superinfection with HSV-1. Synthesis of ovalbumin was not detected when cDNA was linked to the HSV-1 alpha promoter. The carrier system described in this study is suitable for introduction, selection, and expression of eucaryotic genes whose natural promoter is either weak or requires the presence of regulatory elements which may be absent from undifferentiated cells in culture.
Biocontrol potential of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato (2013)

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 is an antagonistic bacterial strain that was previously isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pepper and showed an enhanced ability to produce lytic enzymes as well as an antibiotic that was identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA). In the present study, nematicidal activity of the strain and 4-HPAA against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita , causing disease in tomato was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. For this purpose, adding different concentrations of culture filtrate, crude extract collected from extraction with ethyl acetate and 4-HPAA, in 24-well plates containing ca 500 eggs or 300 second-stage juveniles (J2), significantly decreased the rate of nematode hatch and caused higher mortality of J2 compared with the control treatments. Nematicidal activity of the bacterial strain was further confirmed by conducting pot experiments in which tomato plants were inoculated with M. incognita and the HS124 culture (BC). The control pots were treated with commercial nematicide (CN, 5% Ethoprophos), tap water (TW) or the non-inoculated bacterial culture medium (BCM). In these pot experiments, results demonstrated a strong antagonistic potential of L. antibioticus HS124 against M. incognita where the disease was significantly reduced in the pots treated with BC as compared to TW or BCM. Furthermore, the shoot fresh weight was also increased significantly, which may be attributed to the disease control ability of the strain. Hence, L. antibioticus HS124 may be further developed as a potential biocontrol of root knot nematode in the field.