gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-resolution RASTA filtering for TANDEM-based ASR (2005)

New speech representation based on multiple filtering of temporal trajectories of speech energies in frequency sub-bands is proposed and tested. The technique extends earlier works on delta features and RASTA filtering by processing temporal trajectories by a bank of band-pass filters with varying resolutions. In initial tests on OGI Digits database the technique yields about 30\\% relative improvement in word error rate over the conventional PLP features. Since the applied filters have zero-mean impulse responses, the technique is inherently robust to linear distortions.
Abstract: 3-D carbonate stratigraphic model based on energy and sediment flux (2000)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Oligonucleotide Detection Using Angle-Dependent Light Scattering and Fractal Dimension Analysis of Gold−DNA Aggregates (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTOligonucleotide Detection Using Angle-Dependent Light Scattering and Fractal Dimension Analysis of Gold−DNA AggregatesGlauco R. Souza and J. Houston MillerView Author Information Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington, DC 20052 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 27, 6734–6735Publication Date (Web):June 16, 2001Publication History Received22 December 2000Revised25 May 2001Published online16 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja005919xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja005919xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views555Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Chemical structure,Hybridization,Probes,Scattering Get e-Alerts
Thallium in organic synthesis. I. Alkylation and acylation of .beta.-dicarbonyl compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThallium in organic synthesis. I. Alkylation and acylation of .beta.-dicarbonyl compoundsEdward C. Taylor, G. H. Hawks III, and Alexander McKillopCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 9, 2421–2422Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01011a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01011a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Benefits of an early cooling phase in continuous renal replacement therapy for ICU patients (2012)

In patients undergoing CVVH, warming of the substitute over 36°C had no impact on body temperature. We showed that setting the fluid temperature at 36°C for a period of time early in the procedure is beneficial in terms of increased mean arterial pressure and decreased catecholamine infusion dosage.
Four Generations of Nurse Theorists in the U.S. (1997)

Since the academic era of U.S. nursing started in the mid 1950s different questions and answers regarding nursing as an independent discipline is posed. The first theorists wanted to separate nursing from medicine, later theorists asked questions about nursing theory, and the essence and substance of nursing. The aim of this article is to describe the questions and answers directed by four generations of U.S. nurse theorists. The article gives an overview of how the theorists connected to each others' thoughts for the identification and development of nursing domain. The theorists' influence in the Nordic countries is mentioned. An assumption of practice discipline as being more than science, and including art, crafts, science, history and philosophy of nursing, is presented. The importance of the four generations of theories for nursing as a practice discipline is discussed. It is concluded that all four generations of theories have had importance for nursing as a practice discipline, and that much of nursing's theoretical thinking has been studied during the four generations. It is however, an ebb in nursing knowledge concerning environment. Future studies are suggested to challenge this ebb.
Isolated Failure of Autonomic Noradrenergic Neurotransmission (1986)

AUTONOMIC disorders are usually characterized by widespread abnormalities in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems; this is true whether the autonomic disorder is associated with central neurologic deficits or is confined to the peripheral autonomic nervous system.1 2 3 Detailed testing can usually identify the extent of the autonomic neuronal damage,4 , 5 but it is uncommon for the abnormality to be localized to a single class of neurons. We have recently evaluated a young woman with autonomic failure in whom the pathophysiologic features of the disorder suggest an isolated failure in the β-hydroxylation of dopamine in the peripheral noradrenergic nerves.Case Report . . .
On the optimal control of stochastic linear systems (1971)

The problem of controlling stochastic linear systems with quadratic criteria is considered. It is proved that the optimal control law can be realized by the cascade of a Kalman filter and a linear feedback. The importance of different assumptions required in this proof is discussed in detail. This discussion provides some motivation for different extension results.
KLF1 directly coordinates almost all aspects of terminal erythroid differentiation (2010)

The molecular events and transcriptional mechanisms that underlie erythropoiesis are of great interest to biologists and hematologists since disorders of erythrocytes are common and remain relatively poorly understood. Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) is a critical transcription factor for erythropoiesis in mice and man. Recently the use of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to next-generation DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) has led to an updated understanding of how KLF1 functions in vivo. The full extent of KLF1 target genes have provided new insights into erythropoiesis, and have established that KLF1 controls almost all aspects of erythroid cell development and maturation.
Coronaviruses and the Chemical Senses: Past, Present, and Future (2020)

A wealth of rapidly evolving reports suggests that olfaction and taste disturbances may be manifestations of the novel COVID-19 pandemic. While otolaryngological societies worldwide have started to consider chemosensory evaluation as a screening tool for COVID-19 infection, the true nature of the relationship between the changes in chemosensory ability and COVID-19 is unclear. Our goal with this review is to provide a brief overview of published and archived literature, as well as the anecdotal reports and social trends related to this topic up to April 29, 2020. We also aim to draw parallels between the clinical/chemosensory symptomology reported in association to past coronavirus pandemics (such as SARS and MERS) and the novel COVID-19. This review also highlights current evidence on persistent chemosensory disturbances after the infection has resolved. Overall, our analysis pinpoints the need for further studies: 1) to better quantify olfaction and taste disturbances associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to those of other viral and respiratory infections, 2) to understand the relation between smell, taste, and chemesthesis disturbances in COVID-19, and 3) to understand how persistent are these disturbances after the infection has resolved.
Enzymatic Determination of Free Carnitine in Milk and Infant Formulas (1995)

A simple spectrophotometric assay for free carnitine in milk and supplemented infant formulas has been developed. After acid extraction, carnitine is measured enzymatically through its reaction with carnitine acetyltransferase coupled with acetyl coenzyme A and dithiobenzoate (DTNB). The manually performed method is rapid, accurate, and convenient for routine quality-control analysis of infant formulas. The chemistry is also suitable for automation, for greatly enhanced throughput.
Graphene Interface Engineering for Perovskite Solar Modules: 12.6% Power Conversion Efficiency over 50 cm<sup>2</sup> Active Area (2016)

Interfaces between perovskite solar cell (PSC) layer components play a pivotal role in obtaining high-performance premium cells and large-area modules. Graphene and related two-dimensional materials (GRMs) can be used to “on-demand” tune the interface properties of PSCs. We successfully used GRMs to realize large-area (active area 50.6 cm2) perovskite-based solar modules (PSMs), achieving a record high power conversion efficiency of 12.6%. We on-demand modulated the photoelectrode charge dynamic by doping the mesoporous TiO2 (mTiO2) layer with graphene flakes. Moreover, we exploited lithium-neutralized graphene oxide flakes as interlayer at the mTiO2/perovskite interface to improve charge injection. Notably, prolonged aging tests have shown the long-term stability for both small- and large-area devices using graphene-doped mTiO2. Furthermore, the possibility of producing and processing GRMs in the form of inks opens a promising route for further scale-up and stabilization of the PSM, the gateway for the commercialization of this technology.
Hydroxamic Acids Derived from 2-Hydroxy-2<i>H</i>-1,4-Benzoxazin-3(4<i>H</i>)-one: Key Defense Chemicals of Cereals (2009)

Many cereals accumulate hydroxamic acids derived from 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one. These benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids are involved in defense of maize against various lepidopteran pests, most notably the European corn borer, in defense of cereals against various aphid species, and in allelopathy affecting the growth of weeds associated with rye and wheat crops. The role of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids in defense against fungal infection is less clear and seems to depend on the nature of the interactions at the plant-fungus interface. Efficient use of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids as resistance factors has been limited by the inability to selectively increase their levels at the plant growth stage and the plant tissues where they are mostly needed for a given pest. Although the biosynthesis of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids has been elucidated, the genes and mechanisms controlling their differential expression in different plant tissues and along plant ontogeny remain to be unraveled.
<i>Z</i>-Selective Alkene Isomerization by High-Spin Cobalt(II) Complexes (2014)

The isomerization of simple terminal alkenes to internal isomers with Z-stereochemistry is rare, because the more stable E-isomers are typically formed. We show here that cobalt(II) catalysts supported by bulky β-diketiminate ligands have the appropriate kinetic selectivity to catalyze the isomerization of some simple 1-alkenes specifically to the 2-alkene as the less stable Z-isomer. The catalysis proceeds via an "alkyl" mechanism, with a three-coordinate cobalt(II) alkyl complex as the resting state. β-Hydride elimination and [1,2]-insertion steps are both rapid, as shown by isotopic labeling experiments. A steric model explains the selectivity through a square-planar geometry at cobalt(II) in the transition state for β-hydride elimination. The catalyst works not only with simple alkenes, but also with homoallyl silanes, ketals, and silyl ethers. Isolation of cobalt(I) or cobalt(II) products from reactions with poor substrates suggests that the key catalyst decomposition pathways are bimolecular, and lowering the catalyst concentration often improves the selectivity. In addition to a potentially useful, selective transformation, these studies provide a mechanistic understanding for catalytic alkene isomerization by high-spin cobalt complexes, and demonstrate the effectiveness of steric bulk in controlling the stereoselectivity of alkene formation.
Age‐related changes in hyaluronan, proteoglycan, collagen, and osteonectin synthesis by human bone cells (1992)

Human bone cells grown in culture, representative of a preosteoblastic stage of maturation, produce an extracellular matrix composed of collagen, several noncollagenous glycoproteins, hyaluronan, and four distinct proteoglycans (PGs). The influence of donor age on the levels of expression of these molecules in vitro has not been well characterized. In this study, human bone cells derived from sources ranging from fetal to 60-year-old donors were grown in culture, radiolabeled for 24 h, and the amount of incorporation of [35S]sulfate into PGs, [3H]glucosamine into hyaluronan, [3H]leucine/proline into osteonectin, and [3H]proline into collagen was determined. Cell proliferation was most rapid in fetal-derived bone cells and decreased with increasing age. Total protein and PG synthesis also decreased with increasing age, falling to 1/3 and 1/4, respectively, of fetal levels after age 30. A large chondroitin sulfate PG (Mr approximately 600,000 Da) was the major fetal PG and its levels were highly correlated with cellular proliferation. [3H]Collagen and [35S]decorin levels increased with the increasing age of the donor, reached a maximum in puberty-derived cells, and decreased to 1/3 maximal levels after age 20. The heparan sulfate PG (Mr approximately 400,000 Da) exhibited steady-state levels regardless of donor age. [3H]Osteonectin and [35S]biglycan levels were high in fetal-derived cells and in cells derived from pubescent donors. The percentage of collagen and four proteoglycans associated with the cell layer pool changed with donor age. All fetal-derived PG core proteins possessed more N- and O-linked oligosaccharides than newborn or adult derived PGs.
Waterborne, Nanocomposite Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives with High Tack Energy, Optical Transparency, and Electrical Conductivity (2006)

Transparent and conductive pressure-sensitive adhesives are cast from aqueous colloidal dispersions of poly(butyl acrylate) (P(BuA)) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). At the percolation threshold for network formation (at only 0.3 wt % functionalized CNT), the nanotubes remarkably double the amount of strain at adhesive failure and increase the adhesion energy by 85 % (see figure). The tack properties are explained by current models of adhesive debonding.
Pulmonary arterial distension and vagal afferent nerve activity in anaesthetized dogs (2004)

Distension of the main pulmonary artery and its bifurcation are known to result in a reflex vasoconstriction and increased respiratory drive; however, these responses are observed at abnormally high distending pressures. In this study we recorded afferent activity from pulmonary arterial baroreceptors to investigate their stimulus-response characteristics and to determine whether they are influenced by physiological changes in intrathoracic pressure. In chloralose-anaesthetized dogs, a cardiopulmonary bypass was established, the pulmonary trunk and its main branches were vascularly isolated and perfused with venous blood at pulsatile pressures designed to simulate the normal pulmonary arterial pressure waveform. Afferent slips of a cervical vagus were dissected and nerve fibres identified that displayed discharge patterns with characteristics expected from pulmonary arterial baroreceptors. Recordings were obtained with (a) chest open (b) chest closed and resealed, and (c) with phasic negative intrathoracic pressures in the resealed chest. Pressure-discharge characteristics obtained in the open-chest animals indicated that the threshold pulmonary pressure (corresponding to 5% of the overall response) was 17.1 +/- 2.9 and the inflexion point of the curve was 29.2 +/- 3.3 mmHg (mean +/-S.E.M). In closed-chest animals the threshold and inflexion pressures were reduced to 12.0 +/- 1.7 and 20.7 +/- 1.8 mmHg. Application of phasic negative intrathoracic pressures further reduced the threshold and inflexion pressures to 9.5 +/- 1.2 mmHg (P < 0.05 vs. open) and 14.7 +/- 0.8 mmHg (P < 0.003 vs. open and P < 0.02 vs. atmospheric). These results indicate that under physiological conditions, with closed-chest and phasic negative intrathoracic pressure changes similar to those associated with normal breathing, activity from pulmonary baroreceptors is obtained at physiological pulmonary arterial pressures in intact animals.
Implementation of MD algorithm for text extraction from video (2013)

With fast intensification of existing multimedia documents and mounting demand for information indexing and retrieval, much effort has been done on extracting the text from images and videos. Extracting the text from video is demanding due to complex background, varying font size, different style, high blurring, lower resolution, different position, viewing angle and so on. In this paper, implementation of text extraction from the video has been done by using the MD algorithm. In this paper, a region based approach is used to perform such kind of text extraction. The approach is divided into the three main layers: first, extraction of unique frames from video; second, identify the text frame from these unique frames; third, extraction of the text from these text frames. DWT performs the decomposition in the region and Morphological Operator performs the edge detection and the region classification.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa. (1990)

Specimens of normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa from 52 patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry using a monospecific polyclonal antiserum against human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). In normal colonic mucosa PSTI was found in the goblet cells in the basal parts of the crypts. In adenomas of tubular, villous, and tubulo-villous types PSTI was also found in the upper parts of the polyps, usually occurring in the regeneration zone. There was a more intense staining reaction in polyps with increased atypia. Carcinomas of different types and of various grades of differentiation and of in situ type did not contain PSTI. These findings indicate that PSTI could be a marker for adenomatous rather than carcinomatous epithelium in the colon. Furthermore, the absence of the inhibitor in malignant cells might facilitate tissue invasion by malignant cells because of deficient protease inhibition.
Unidirectional High‐Power Generation via Stress‐Induced Dipole Alignment from ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> Nanocubes/Polymer Hybrid Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (2013)

The extremely stable high‐power generation from hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerator (HP‐NG) based on a composite of single‐crystalline piezoelectric perovskite zinc stannate (ZnSnO 3 ) nanocubes and polydimethylsiloxane without any electrical poling treatment is reported. The HP‐NG generates large power output under only vertical compression, while there is negligible power generation with other configurations of applied strain, such as bending and folding. This unique high unidirectionality of power generation behavior of the HP‐NG provides desirable features for large‐area piezoelectric power generation based on vertical mechanical compression such as moving vehicles, railway transport, and human walking. The HP‐NGs of ZnSnO 3 nanocubes exhibit high mechanical durability, excellent robustness, and high power‐generation performance. A large recordable output voltage of about 20 V and an output current density value of about 1 μA cm −2 are successfully achived, using a single cell of HP‐NG obtained under rolling of a vehicle tire.
Plausibility of assuming ideal arrays for direction of arrival estimation (2002)

In order to fulfil the increasing demands on capacity and coverage of mobile communication systems smart or intelligent antennas have been suggested. These antennas increase the spectral efficiency of a wireless system by using arrays of antenna elements to shape RF signals in particular directions. Generally, smart antennas can be divided into two approaches: switched multi-beam and adaptive. Adaptive antennas utilize sophisticated signal processing algorithms to continuously distinguish between the desired signal, multipath and interfering signal as well as to calculate their direction of arrival (DOA). This makes it possible to smoothly track users with main lobes and interferers with nulls and thereby constantly maximizing the SINR (signal-to-interference and noise ratio). The DOA is one of the most important parameter for an adaptive antenna system to estimate. It is also the main subject of this paper. We establish whether or not it is plausible to assume the array to be ideal (which is often assumed in array signal processing theory) when the received signals are actually collected with a physical array consisting of standard folded dipoles. In doing so we first measured the element patterns (or steering vectors) of a twelve element antenna array. The results were then used in array signal processing simulations. The performance of two DOA estimation algorithms, MUSIC and ESPRIT, are studied and compared.
Superselective ophthalmic artery fibrinolytic therapy for the treatment of central retinal vein occlusion (2000)

Selective ophthalmic artery infusion of urokinase was followed by improvement in VA in six out of 26 cases of CRVO. Eyes with combined CRAO and CRVO with recent visual loss appeared to be the most responsive. This treatment did not prevent the occurrence of ischaemia in the failure cases. The efficacy of in situ fibrinolysis for treatment of CRVO needs to be further evaluated in a controlled study.