gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MMT: Exploiting fine-grained parallelism in dynamic memory management (2010)

Dynamic memory management is one of the most expensive but ubiquitous operations in many C/C++ applications. Additional features such as security checks, while desirable, further worsen memory management overheads. With advent of multicore architecture, it is important to investigate how dynamic memory management overheads for sequential applications can be reduced. In this paper, we propose a new approach for accelerating dynamic memory management on multicore architecture, by offloading dynamic management functions to a separate thread that we refer to as memory management thread (MMT). We show that an efficient MMT design can give significant performance improvement by extracting parallelism while being agnostic to the underlying memory management library algorithms and data structures. We also show how parallelism provided by MMT can be beneficial for high overhead memory management tasks, for example, security checks related to memory management. We evaluate MMT on heap allocation-intensive benchmarks running on an Intel core 2 quad platform for two widely-used memory allocators: Doug Lea's and PHKmalloc allocators. On average, MMT achieves a speedup ratio of 1.19× for both allocators, while both the application and memory management libraries are unmodified and are oblivious to the parallelization scheme. For PHKmalloc with security checks turned on, MMT reduces the security check overheads from 21% to only 1% on average.
Flip‐angle measurement by magnetization inversion: Calibration of magnetization nutation angle in hyperpolarized <sup>3</sup>He magnetic resonance imaging lung experiments (2010)

The aim of this work was to establish a new, fast, and robust method of flip-angle calibration for magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized (3) He. The method called flip-angle measurement with magnetization inversion is based on acquiring images from periodically inverted longitudinal magnetization created using the spatial modulation of magnetization technique. By measuring the width of the area where the magnetization was inverted by the spatial modulation of magnetization preparation in phase images, the flip angle can be generated using a simple equation. To validate and establish the limits of the proposed method, flip-angle measurement with magnetization inversion acquisitions were simulated and applied to proton and hyperpolarized (3) He phantoms. Then, the calibration procedure was applied during hyperpolarized (3) He magnetic resonance imaging in a healthy volunteer. The advantage of the flip-angle measurement with magnetization inversion method compared with the conventional method based on the assessment of radiofrequency-decay is that it is free of errors induced by relaxation due to oxygen, by imperfect excitation slice profile and by any diffusion of (3) He into and out of the slice. Another advantage is that it does not require image processing with external software and therefore can be performed using the implemented tools on the magnetic resonance workstation.
Mitofusin 2 Triggers Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Death Pathway (2007)

Previous studies have shown that mitofusin 2 (Mfn-2) (or hyperplasia suppressor gene [HSG]) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that Mfn-2 is a primary determinant of VSMC apoptosis. First, oxidative stress with H2O2, inhibition of protein kinase C with staurosporine, activation of protein kinase A with forskolin, and serum deprivation concurrently elevate Mfn-2 expression and induce VSMC apoptosis. Second, overexpression of Mfn-2 also triggers apoptosis of VSMCs in culture and in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries, thus contributing to Mfn-2-mediated prevention of neointima formation after angioplasty. Third, Mfn-2 silencing protects VSMCs against H2O2 or Mfn-2 overexpression-induced apoptosis, indicating that upregulation of Mfn-2 is necessary and sufficient for oxidative stress-mediated VSMC apoptosis. The Mfn-2 proapoptotic effect is independent of its role in mitochondrial fusion but mainly mediated by inhibition of Akt signaling and the resultant activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as manifested by decreased Akt phosphorylation, increased mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases-9 and caspase-3. Furthermore, Mfn-2-induced apoptosis was blocked by overexpression of an active phosphoinositide 3-kinase mutant or Bcl-xL or inhibition of caspase-9 but not caspases-8. Thus, in addition to its antiproliferative effects, Mfn-2 constitutes a primary determinant of VSMC apoptosis.
A multi‐objective mathematical programming problem with fuzzy relation constraints (1995)

Abstract In this study we discuss the problem of multi‐objective mathematical programming with constraints defined by ‘max‐min’ composite fuzzy relation equations. Since the feasible region is normally non‐convex, the properties of the efficient points of a non‐convex feasible region under multi‐objectives are investigated and illustrated by examples. The necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed and proved. To facilitate decisions, a procedure that transforms these efficient points of an interval‐valued decision space into a constant‐valued decision space is proposed when the level of confidence is given by a decision maker. Then the transformed problem becomes a multi‐attribute decision problem that can be evaluated by Yager's method to find the optimal alternative.
Potential of yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser in caries prevention (1974)

Abstract. Intact tooth enamel of extracted human teeth was exposed to a pulsed Nd‐YAG laser at an energy density of 10 to 20 joules/cm 2 . In vitro demineralization by lactic acid was accomplished by dextran‐producing strains of Streptococcus mutatis PK‐1 growing on the enamel surface. Scanning electron microscopic observations on the laser irradiated enamel supported micro‐radiographic findings and indicated that the laser irradiated enamel surface was more resistant to decalcification than the non‐irradiated control enamel. Surface changes suggestive of fusion occurred at the low energy density of 10 to 20 joules/cm 2 . Laser beam irradiation imparted a degree of alteration to enamel surface that subsequently reduced subsurface demineralization. A significant difference in solubility was found between laser irradiated and non‐irradiated enamel.
The yeast heat shock response is induced by conversion of cells to spheroplasts and by potent transcriptional inhibitors (1991)

We report here that procedures commonly used to measure transcription and mRNA decay rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induce the heat shock response. First, conversion of cells to spheroplasts with lyticase, a prerequisite for nuclear runoff transcription, induces the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 heat shock genes. The transcript levels of the non-heat-shock gene ACT1 are slightly depressed, consistent with the general yeast stress response. Second, the DNA intercalator, 1,10-phenanthroline, widely employed as a general transcriptional inhibitor in S. cerevisiae, enhances the mRNA abundance of certain heat shock genes (HSP82, SSA1-SSA2) although not of others (HSC82, SSA4, HSP26). Third, the antibiotic thiolutin, previously demonstrated to inhibit all three yeast RNA polymerases both in vivo and in vitro, increases the RNA levels of HSP82 5- to 10-fold, those of SSA4 greater than 25-fold, and those of HSP26 greater than 50-fold under conditions in which transcription of non-heat-shock genes is blocked. By using an episomal HSP82-lacZ fusion gene, we present evidence that lyticase and thiolutin induce heat shock gene expression at the level of transcription, whereas phenanthroline acts at a subsequent step, likely through message stabilization. We conclude that, because of the exquisite sensitivity of the yeast heat shock response, procedures designed to measure the rate of gene transcription or mRNA turnover can themselves impact upon each process.
Demonstration of Amyloid-Degrading Activity in Normal Human Serum (1974)

In systemic amyloidosis, the rare instances of recovery following the successful treatment of a predisposing disease present a challenge in the management of an otherwise fatal disorder ,. Notwithstanding, experimental endeavor has been directed largely toward unravelling the nature of amyloid and its pathogenesis rather than the biological mechanism by which this fibrillar protein may be removed from the tissues . The following experiments indicate that normal human serum contains a heat-stable component capable of degrading amyloid in vitro. Procedure. In principle, one portion of a standard suspension of water-soluble amyloid was incubated with two portions of human serum in a test tube for 2 hr at 37°. Following incubation the precipitate obtained by centrifugation for 30 min in a cooled PC-2 Sorvall Centrifuge at 15,000 rpm was collected, twice washed in cold saline, and recentrifuged as above, resuspended in normal saline, and its total protein content determined by the Biuret method at 555 nm. Following the same procedure, incubation separately of the above portions of the amyloid suspension and of the serum (each tube made up to same initial volume with normal saline) permitted calculation Materials. Normal human serum was obtained from 13 healthy blood donors and two of the investigators. FMF-serum was obtained from three patients suffering from familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), all of them with amyloidosis. Denatured serum was prepared by heating at 100° for 15 min the sera obtained from three healthy blood donors and two of the investigators and collecting the supernatant after centrifugation in a Spinco model L at 30,000 rpm for 60 min. Water-soluble amyloid was extracted separately by the method of Pras et al. from the spleens obtained postmortem from a case of FMF and one of Hodgkins' disease.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy–matrix composites with hybrid fillers (2014)

The results of thermal conductivity study of epoxy–matrix composites filled with different type of powders are reported. Boron nitride and aluminum nitride micro‐powders with different size distribution and surface modification were used. A representative set of samples has been prepared with different contents of the fillers. The microstructure was investigated by SEM observations. Thermal conductivity measurements have been performed at room temperature and for selected samples it was also measured as a function of temperature from 300 K down to liquid helium temperatures. The most spectacular enhancement of the thermal conductivity was obtained for composites filled with hybrid fillers of boron nitride–silica and aluminum nitride–silica. In the case of sample with 31 vol.% of boron nitride–silica hybrid filler it amounts to 114% and for the sample with 45 vol.% of hybrid filler by 65% as compared with the reference composite with silica filler. However, in the case of small aluminum nitride grains application, large interfacial areas were introduced, promoting creation of thermal resistance barriers and causing phonon scattering more effective. As a result, no thermal conductivity improvement was obtained. Different characters of temperature dependencies are observed for hybrid filler composites which allowed identifying the component filler of the dominant contribution to the thermal conductivity in each case. The data show a good agreement with predictions of Agari‐Uno model, indicating the importance of conductive paths forming effect already at low filler contents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics-Based Approach To Detect and Identify Major Allergens in Processed Peanuts by Capillary LC-Q-TOF (MS/MS) (2007)

An MS-based method, combining reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography (capillary LC) with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (nano-ESI Q-TOF MS/MS), was developed with the aim of identifying a set of peptides that can function as markers for peanut allergens. Emphasis was given to the identification of the three major peanut allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3, because these proteins are considered to represent >30% of the total protein content of peanut and are directly relevant for the allergenic potential of this food. The analytical data obtained were used to perform databank searching in combination with de novo sequencing and led to the identification of a multitude of sequence tags for all three peanut allergens. Food processing such as roasting of peanuts is known to affect the stability of proteins and was shown to influence the detection of allergen sequence tags. The analysis of raw and roasted peanuts allowed the identification of five peanut-specific sequence tags that can function as markers of the specific allergenic proteins. For Ara h 1, two peptide markers were proposed, namely, VLEENAGGEQEER (m/z 786.88, charge 2+) and DLAFPGSGEQVEK (m/z 688.85, charge 2+), whereas for Ara h 2 only one peptide, RQQWELQGDR (m/z 439.23, charge 3+), was found to satisfy the required conditions. For Ara h 3, the two specific peptides, SPDIYNPQAGSLK (m/z 695.35, charge 2+) and SQSENFEYVAFK (m/z 724.84, charge 2+), were selected. Other peptides have been proposed as indicative for food processing.
Coadministration of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine and MVA-NP+M1 Simultaneously Achieves Potent Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses (2013)

Current seasonal influenza vaccines have reduced immunogenicity and are of suboptimal efficacy in older adults. We have previously shown that the novel candidate vaccine MVA-NP+M1 is able to boost memory T cell responses in adults aged 50-85 years. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that viral vectored vaccines can act as adjuvants when coadministered with protein-based vaccines. We have conducted a phase I clinical trial to compare the coadministration of seasonal influenza vaccine and MVA-NP+M1 with seasonal influenza vaccine alone in adults aged 50 years and above. This combination of vaccines was safe and well tolerated. T cell responses to internal influenza proteins were boosted to significantly higher levels in the group receiving MVA-NP+M1 compared with the group receiving seasonal influenza vaccine alone. Rates of seroprotection and seroconversion against the three vaccine strains were similar in both groups; however, there was a significant increase in the geometric mean titer ratio for the H3N2 component of seasonal influenza vaccine in the coadministration group. While some vaccine combinations result in immune interference, the coadministration of MVA-NP+M1 alongside seasonal influenza vaccine is shown here to increase some influenza strain-specific antibody responses and boost memory T cells capable of recognizing a range of influenza A subtypes.
112 Gb/s Single-Carrier PAM-4 Using a Directly Modulated Laser (2016)

A 112 Gb/s single-carrier, single-polarization PAM-4 system is demonstrated using a 1310 nm directly modulated laser. Transmission over 20 km SMF without optical amplification is achieved by channel pre-compensation and laser nonlinear distortion management.
Chirality of the ?-lactones produced bySporidiobolus salmonicolor grown in two different media (1997)

Sporidiobolus salmonicolor is an aroma-producing yeast which gives a peach-like smell to the culture media. The enantiomeric ratios of the five gamma-lactones produced by this yeast cultivated in two different media were determined by multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) on a fused silica capillary column coupled to a modified beta-cyclodextrin column. These ratios remain constant during growth and are not affected by the composition of the medium. The (R)-enantiomer is highly predominant (99%) for gamma-decalactone and predominant (68-88%) for gamma-octalactone, gamma-nonalactone, and (Z6)-gamma-dodecenolactone. A ratio close to racemic was found for gamma-dodecalactone. A discussion on the metabolic origin of these lactones is based on the analysis of the enantiomeric ratios obtained. With respect to consumers' preference for products considered as "natural," microbial lactone production may represent a valuable alternative to fruit flavors. The enantiomeric lactone ratios produced by Sporidiobolus salmonicolor are compared with those reported from some fruits.
发挥SQL Server 2005的新功能——两个新特性带来许多好处，但需要较大改动 (2006)

您还在把SQL Server 2005当成SQL Server 2000来用吗？那就太浪费了。SQL Server 2005中加入了许多新特性。它们在性能、安全、可用性等多个方面为应用带来许多改进。本系列文章会为大家逐一介绍这些新特性和使用场景。本文着重介绍了两大特性：SQLCLR和Service Broker。
Destabilized carbocations. Nuclear magnetic resonance detection and reactivities of aryl α-thioformamidyl cations (1987)

A series of α-aryl and diarylthioformamidyl cations were observed by low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These ions undergo efficient cyclization and deprotonation to give benzothiophenes.
Florence Nightingale,: en la memoria colectiva (2009)

En se cumplen cien anos de la muerte de Florence Nightingale. Suponemos que durante todo el ano, que ha sido declarado Ano Internacional de la Enfermera, se van a suceder numerosos actos de recuerdo y homenaje a la que es considerada la fundadora de la Enfermeria moderna en occidente. Un consorcio de instituciones y sociedades cientificas anglosajonas han lanzado una iniciativa de caracter mundial, la 2010 International Year of the Nurse (IYNurse), con participacion de la Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI), la NightingaleIniciative for Global Health (NIGH), y el Florence Nightingale Museum. Lo que pretenden es implicar a las enfermeras de todo el mundo (algo mas de 15 millones) en una celebracion comprometida con la promocion de la salud comunitaria de forma local y global, a la vez que mostrar la forma en que las enfermeras prestan su apoyo para la consecucion de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio de las Naciones Unidas.1 Puede resultar chocante, pero la primera actividad que se ha anunciado consiste en la celebracion de un oficio en la Catedral Nacional en Washington DF el domingo 25 de abril de [Fragmento de texto]
Learning Visual Emotion Representations From Web Data (2020)

We present a scalable approach for learning powerful visual features for emotion recognition. A critical bottleneck in emotion recognition is the lack of large scale datasets that can be used for learning visual emotion features. To this end, we curate a webly derived large scale dataset, StockEmotion, which has more than a million images. StockEmotion uses 690 emotion related tags as labels giving us a fine-grained and diverse set of emotion labels, circumventing the difficulty in manually obtaining emotion annotations. We use this dataset to train a feature extraction network, EmotionNet, which we further regularize using joint text and visual embedding and text distillation. Our experimental results establish that EmotionNet trained on the StockEmotion dataset outperforms SOTA models on four different visual emotion tasks. An aded benefit of our joint embedding training approach is that EmotionNet achieves competitive zero-shot recognition performance against fully supervised baselines on a challenging visual emotion dataset, EMOTIC, which further highlights the generalizability of the learned emotion features.
Clinicopathological Studies of Central Type of Cholangiocarcinoma Compared with Hilar Bile Duct Cancer. (1995)

胆管細胞癌中枢型肝切除例10例と肝門部胆管癌肝切除例13例を比較検討した.腫瘍の肉眼型は, 胆管細胞癌10例中9例では肝内に明らかな腫瘤を形成し周囲の肝実質に浸潤性に発育していたのに対し, 肝門部胆管癌では腫瘤形成よりも胆管壁に沿う浸潤が主体であった.腫瘍の体積は, 胆管細胞癌では肝門部胆管癌に比較して有意に大きかった.胆管細胞癌では, 肝門部胆管癌に比較して大血管浸潤のほかに肝胆道の周囲臓器への浸潤を高率に認めた.胆管細胞癌でも12, 13, 8番へのリンパ節転移, ly, v, pn (+) を肝門部胆管癌と同じく高率に認めた.ew (+) は両者とも80%以上の高率であり, 主にly, v, pnの存在によった.hw (+) は肝門部胆管癌で有意に高率であった.肝門部胆管癌の5年生存率は62.5%と良好であったが, 胆管細胞癌では3年生存率17.9%と不良であった.両者は同一の規約で検討されるべき多くの類似点を有しているが, 進展様式, 予後などに違いが認められた.
Magnetic Nanocomposite Spheres Decorated with NiO Nanoparticles for a Magnetically Recyclable Protein Separation System (2009)

A magnetically recyclable protein separation system has been designed and fabricated by combining ferrimagnetic magnetite cores and NiO nanoparticles decorated onto the mesoporous silica shell with a high surface area (see figure). The exposed NiO nanoparticles provide for the selective adsorption of the His-tagged protein from the mixed-protein solution, as well as cell lysate, and the magnetic core allows the particles to be separated from the solution by applying an external magnetic field. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
RP1 properties and fertility inhibition among P, N, W, and X incompatibility group plasmids (1975)

Incompatibility group P plasmids demonstrate strong entry exclusion properties. Stringent incompatibility is also observed in the absence of entry exclusion. These observations have been facilitated by the study of a nontransmissible plasmid, RP1-S2, derived from RP1 by transductional shortening. RP1-S2 retains carbenicillin and tetracycline resistances as well as loci that cause either the loss of P plasmids (incp) or a locus specifying susceptibility to curing (sinp) in the presence of a P plasmid. RP1-S2 can be mobilized by an incompatibility group W plasmid, R388, and also freely forms recombinants with R388. P, N, and W incompatibility group plasmids all encode information for the receptor of the cell wall-adsorbing phage PRD1. Based on the premise that the location of this receptor is analogous to entry exclusion factors for F-like plasmids and hence a regulated transfer region determinant, we tested fertility inhibition relationships among these plasmid groups. We detected both reciprocal and nonreciprocal fertility inhibition relationships for bacteria containing various combinations of W, N, and P group plasmids. The nonreciprocal nature of some combinations, we believe, reflects the identity of the point mutation reading to derepression of the plasmid in question. Reciprocal fertility inhibition, on the other hand, may reflect the reconstruction of a fertility inhibition system through complementation. An X incompatibility group plasmid, known to affect the fertility of an N group plasmid, was also shown to inhibit P plasmid fertility. These observations may indicate a possible evolutionary relationship(s) of plasmids unrelated by the criteria of incompatibility, pilus phage specificity, or plasmid host range.
An InP-based optothyristor for pulsed power-switching applications (1993)

A high-power InP-based optothyristor has been fabricated and tested for pulsed power switching. To increase the power handling capability, the device has a 250 mu m-thick Fe-doped semi-insulating (SI) InP sandwiched between two p-n junctions grown by MOCVD. The device turn-on is controlled by optical illumination on the SI-InP, which creates a high concentration of electron and hole pairs. The switched current and the di/dt rating have been studied as a function of the switch blocking voltage. It is shown that the optothyristor is capable of switching a current almost four times the current switched by a bulk SI-InP photoconductive switch under the same voltage bias.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A study of ESD robustness of cascoded NMOS driver (2007)

The failure voltage of cascoded drivers in IO cells is influenced most by the bottom NMOS. The failure voltage improves if the gate is tied to ground. A solution with only one additional transistor to increase the failure voltage of a level-shifter circuit with cascoded NMOS drivers is presented.