gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quinoline formation via a modified Combes reaction: examination of kinetics, substituent effects, and mechanistic pathways (2008)

Abstract This is the first reported investigation of the Combes condensation employing 19F NMR spectroscopy to monitor intermediate consumption and product formation rates. The reaction was found to be first order in both the diketone and aniline. Product regioselectivity and reaction rates were found to be influenced by substituents on the diketones and anilines with rates varying as much as five fold. The consumption rate of key imine and enamine intermediates mirrored quinoline formation rates, in accord with rate determining annulation. A ρ of −0.32 was determined for this cyclization. While the sign of the reaction constant is consistent with rate limiting electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS), the magnitude is likely a composite value, resulting from opposing substituent effects in the nucleophilic addition and EAS steps. Mechanistic details and reaction pathways supporting these findings are proposed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining motion and contrast for segmentation (1980)

A method is presented for partitioning a scene into regions corresponding to surfaces with distinct velocities. Both motion and contrast information are incorporated into the segmentation process. Velocity estimates for each point in a scene are obtained using a local nonmatching technique not dependent on any prior boundary determination. The actual segmentation is accomplished using a region merging procedure which combines regions based on similarities in both brightness and motion. The method is effective in determining object boundaries not easily found using analysis applied only to a single image frame.
ACNe: Attentive Context Normalization for Robust Permutation-Equivariant Learning (2019)

Many problems in computer vision require dealing with sparse, unordered data in the form of point clouds. Permutation-equivariant networks have become a popular solution-they operate on individual data points with simple perceptrons and extract contextual information with global pooling. This can be achieved with a simple normalization of the feature maps, a global operation that is unaffected by the order. In this paper, we propose Attentive Context Normalization (ACN), a simple yet effective technique to build permutation-equivariant networks robust to outliers. Specifically, we show how to normalize the feature maps with weights that are estimated within the network, excluding outliers from this normalization. We use this mechanism to leverage two types of attention: local and global-by combining them, our method is able to find the essential data points in high-dimensional space to solve a given task. We demonstrate through extensive experiments that our approach, which we call Attentive Context Networks (ACNe), provides a significant leap in performance compared to the state-of-the-art on camera pose estimation, robust fitting, and point cloud classification under noise and outliers. Source code: https://github.com/vcg-uvic/acne.
Interaction of the Fragments Characteristic of Bactenecin 7 with Phospholipid Bilayers and Their Antimicrobial Activity (1995)

Bactenecin 7 (Bac7), a cationic polypeptide from large granules of bovine neutrophils, exhibits antimicrobial activity mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. This peptide is characterized by high contents of Arg and Pro and by a unique sequence with an Arg-clustered region and three tandem repeats. In order to investigate the structure-function relationship of Bac7, two peptide fragments, which correspond to residues 1-17 (RRIRPRPPRLPRPRPRP, an Arg-clustered region) and 46-59 (LPFPRPGPRPIPRP, one of three tandem repeats), respectively, were synthesized. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements of the two fragments indicated that they took particular conformations, although these were not defined. These peptides can bind to acidic phospholipid bilayers without marked conformational changes. When acidic phospholipid bilayers entrapping 5,6-carboxyfluorescein were treated with the peptides, no trace of the dye leaked out, indicating that the peptides lack the ability to disrupt lipid membranes. Fragment 1-17 showed weak antimicrobial activity against several bacteria, but fragment 46-59 was almost inactive. The present results suggest that longer fragments or the entire molecule of Bac7 may be required for full expression of antimicrobial activity and that Bac7 may manifest its activity by a bacteriostatic rather than a bacteriolytic mechanism.
A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions (1953)

atmosphere of methane, ammonia, water, and hydrogen instead of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and water was suggested by Oparin (1) and has been-given emphasis recently by Urey (2) and Bernal (3). In order to test this hypothesis, an apparatus was built to circulate CHI4, NH3, H2O, and H2 past an electric discharge. The resulting mixture has been tested for amino acids by paper chromatography. Electrical discharge was used to form free radicals instead of ultraviolet light, because quartz absorbs wavelengths short enough to cause photo-dissociation of the gases. Electrical discharge may have played a significant role in the formation of compounds in the
An Ultra-High Emitter Efficiency Transistor with a Low-Temperature Processed Polysilicon Emitter for High-Speed Bipolar Ulsis (1991)

In this paper, we present a transistor having a novel polysilicon emitter with an ultra-shallow n+ diffused layer, formed by low-temperature annealing of a phosphorus doped amorphous silicon (a-Si) film. This transistor demonstrates very higher current gain than that of conventional polysilicon emitter transistors.
Response of unmyelinated (C) polymodal nociceptors to thermal stimuli applied to monkey's face (1976)

1. The response of C polymodal nociceptors to thermal and mechanical stimuli applied to the monkey's face was recorded extracellulary in the trigeminal ganglion in rhesus monkeys anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Conduction velocities, determined from electrical stimulation of receptive fields (RFs), were in the range for unmyelinated C fibers (mean=0.82 m/s, n=20; SD=+/-0.17). With two exceptions cutaneous RFs were single spots (median=2 mm2; n=37) and usually were identical for thermal and mechanical stimuli. The median force threshold for the sample of units was 1.2 g (von Frey technique; n = 39; range = 0.07-8.5 g). 2. Discharges to thermal stimuli were investigated with a feedback-controlled contact thermode which permitted temperature changes less than or equal 12.0 degrees C/s. Thermal thresholds ranged from 38 degree to 49 degree C (median=46 degrees C; n=37), and maximum discharge frequencies were obtained in the noxious heat range (45-55 degrees C). For a graded series of 5 s duration stimuli from an adapting temperature of 35 degrees C, the number of impulses increased as a monotonic function of stimulus intensity over the range from threshold temperature to 50-53 degrees C. Many stimulus-response functions were positively accelerated, and linear regression analyses showed that most units examined were best fit by nonlinear functions. 3. The typical pattern of activity to 5 s duration temperature shifts into the noxious heat range was a short accelerating burst of impulses followed by deceleration to a lower rate of discharge prior to termination of the stimulus. The temporal profile of the discharge of impulses was virtually identical at different adapting temperatures. In units tested with 30 s duration stimuli at 2-6 degrees C above threshold, the mean frequency of discharge during the final 25 s was 1.46 impulses/s (n=6; SD=+/-0.89). 4. Application of noxious heat stimuli a few degrees above threshold temperature typically sensitized or enhanced the response of the unit to subsequent application of heat stimuli. The signs of sensitization consisted of a decrease in threshold temperature, increased frequency of discharge, decreased latency to the first impulse, and afterdischarges. Units failed to respond throughout the duration of 30 s stimuli if the final temperature exceeded 50 degrees C. Depressed responses were sometimes produced by application of intense (greater than or equal 55 degrees C) stimuli, presumably as a result of partial inactivation of the receptor. 5. In a correlative analysis, the latency and pattern of discharge in a sample of units were compared with escape responses in two monkeys to temperature shifts into the noxious heat range (49 and 51 degrees C). The analysis revealed that the discharge of C polymodal nociceptors alone cannot account for fast escape responses, but the discharge may contribute to escape responses which occur more than 3.5 s after the onset of stimulation.
Overview of Quality of Service for Distributed Objects (1995)

1 A gap exists between the socket-level Quality of Service (QoS) offered by communications researchers and the object-oriented programming being done at the application level. To bridge this gap, we introduce a framework for handling system properties such as QoS and partial failures. This framework extends the CORBA functional Interface Description Language (IDL) with a QoS Description Language (QDL). QDL specifies an application&apos;s expected usage patterns and QoS requirements for a connection to an object. The QoS and usage specifications are at the object level (e.g., methods per second) and not at the communication level (e.g., bits per second). An application can have many connections to the same object, each with different system properties. QDL allows the object designer to specify system states, which represent the status of the QoS agreement for an object connection. The application can adapt to changing resources and partial failures by changing its behavior based on the syst...
Improving time series classification using Hidden Markov Models (2012)

Time series data are ubiquitous and being generated at an unprecedented speed and volume in many fields including finance, medicine, oil and gas industry and other business domains. Many techniques have been developed to analyze time series and understand the system that produces them. In this paper we propose a hybrid approach to improve the accuracy of time series classifiers by using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). The proposed approach is based on the principle of learning by mistakes. A HMM model is trained using the confusion matrices which are normally used to measure the classification accuracy. Misclassified samples are the basis of learning process. Our approach improves the classification accuracy by executing a second cycle of classification taking into account the temporal relations in the data. The objective of the proposed approach is to utilize the strengths of Hidden Markov Models (dealing with temporal data) to complement the weaknesses of other classification techniques. Consequently, instead of finding single isolated patterns, we focus on understanding the relationships between these patterns. The proposed approach was evaluated with a case study. The target of the case study was to classify real drilling data generated by rig sensors. Experimental evaluation proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.
Robustness of feedforward neural networks (2003)

Designing dense, high speed, feedforward neural networks requires an understanding of the consequences of using simple neurons with significant input and weights errors. To develop a generalized understanding of these consequences, independent of the choice of inputs and weights, an analysis is presented of a general class of Madalines, i.e., those with random inputs and weights. Using a stochastic model for input and weight errors, simple analytical expressions for the output error variance of feedforward neural networks composed of sigmoidal, threshold or linear units are derived. These expressions show that the gain in error from input to output in any layer of a Madaline is greater than one. Madalines are sensitive to implementation errors, and in this sense are not inherently robust.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Is a Novel Inhibitory Ligand for the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp44 (2011)

NK cells play an important role in the early immune response to cancer. The NKp44 activating receptor is the only natural cytotoxicity receptor that is expressed exclusively by primate NK cells, yet its cellular ligands remain largely unknown. Proliferating cell nuclear Ag (PCNA) is overexpressed in cancer cells. In this study, we show that the NKp44 receptor recognizes PCNA. Their interaction inhibits NK cell function through NKp44/ITIM. The physical interaction of NKp44 and PCNA is enabled by recruitment of target cell PCNA to the NK immunological synapse. We demonstrate that PCNA promotes cancer survival by immune evasion through inhibition of NKp44-mediated NK cell attack.
Marine natural products (1998)

D. John Faulkner, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1998, 15, 113 DOI: 10.1039/A815113Y
Membuat UUPS di Negara yang Sedang Membangun (1979)

Hampir empat tahun sesudah pengumumannya dan dua tahun sesudah pelaksanaannya, undang-undang perkawinan Indonesia yang baru telah berhasil mempengaruhi masyarakat Indonesia secara hebat - suatu hasil yang tidak diduga oleh akhli-akhli hukum Indonesia yang terkemuka. Tujuan karangan ini ialah menggambarkan beberapa peruhahan yang disebabkan oleh undang-undang barn dan mencoba menganalisa mengapa undang-undang ini dilaksanakan dengan hasil baik sedangkan undang-undang Indonesia lain yang penting tidak berhasil.
A neuromorphic saliency-map based active vision system (2011)

Selective attention is a very efficient strategy for engineering active vision systems that need to extract relevant information from the scene in real-time. We propose an implementation of a saliency-map based active vision system in which Address-Event sensors and neuromorphic winner-take-all devices complement conventional imagers and machine vision components. A standard imager is mounted next to a Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) on a Pan-Tilt Unit. The output of the DVS is fed to an event-based Selective Attention Chip that implements a Winner-Take-All network with inhibition of return, to identify and sequentially select the most salient regions in the visual input space, and drive the Pan-Tilt Unit accordingly. We characterize the system with experiments using real-world scenarios and natural scenes, and interface it to a workstation to implement models of top-down attention used to influence the decision making process.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation: applications in lead optimization. (2009)

Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models are increasingly being used in the lead optimization (LO) process. Although there are currently few literature reports of the application of PBPK, the scope of PBPK modeling is expanding and there is a steady increase in the number of publications in this field. Recent publications covering four important areas of the application of PBPK modeling in LO have been reviewed.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES IN AUTOMATIC VEHICLE CONTROL (1978)

During the past year, which was the final one on a 3-year program, the research efforts were focused principally on the continuing development of a physical test facility which was employed to study control and communication problems at, and below, the sector level. This was done in the context of high-speed (to 26.8 m/s) operations at time headways as small as 1 s. The principal accomplishments during this final year were: (1) The selection of a sector-level control concept, the design and implementation of hardware required for sector-level operations, and the choice of geometrics over which online control would be realized; (2) The development and successful field evaluation of a sector computer-to-controlled vehicle communication link; (3) The design, development, and field evaluation (with very promising results) of a approach to lateral control; and (4) The design and field evaluation of a vehicle longitudinal controller which provided excellent performance--a small-position error, a comfortable ride, and a relative insensitivity to disturbance forces--on a consistent basis over a wide range of environmental conditions. The secondary accomplishments included the construction of a sidewall structure for radar steering, and the implementation (and successful field evaluation) of previously designed lateral and longitudinal controllers with microprocessor-based units. (FHWA)
Charge Carrier Transport in Neat Thin Films of Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes (2005)

The charge carrier transport properties of neat thin films of red-, green- and blue-phosphorescence Ir complexes have been investigated in terms of time-of-flight transient photocurrent measurement. Bis(2-(2'-benzo[4,5-a]thienyl)pyridinato- N , C 3' )iridium(acetylacetonate) (btp 2 Ir(acac)) (red-phosphorescence emitter) and iridium(III) bis[(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato- N , C 2' ]picolinate (FIrpic) (blue-phosphorescence emitter) thin films exhibit bipolar charge transport. In contrast, the electron and hole transit signals of fac -tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy) 3 ) (green-phosphorescence emitter) thin films are unobservable. The charge carrier transport properties of thin films of an Ir-complex-doped 4,4'- N , N '-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) and the appropriateness of FIrpic as a triplet-exciton and hole blocking layer are shown.
Principles of complex wave digital filters (1981)

Abstract The theory of real wave digital filters (WDFs) is extended to complex WDFs. A fundamental requirement turns out to be that of one‐realness, a complex impedance in the reference filter being called one‐real if it is real for Ψ = 1, where Ψ is the equivalent complex frequency. The only new components then required are complex multipliers with unimodular coefficients, but the adaptors are just as in the real case. The stability properties known for real WDFs can, in this way, also be extended.
Monooxygenase-like oxidation of hydrocarbons by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by manganese porphyrins and imidazole: selection of the best catalytic system and nature of the active oxygen species (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonooxygenase-like oxidation of hydrocarbons by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by manganese porphyrins and imidazole: selection of the best catalytic system and nature of the active oxygen speciesP. Battioni, J. P. Renaud, J. F. Bartoli, M. Reina-Artiles, M. Fort, and Daniel. MansuyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 25, 8462–8470Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00233a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00233a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2629Altmetric-Citations390LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PREDICTION OF THE 2-D UNSTEADY SUPERCAVITY SHAPES (2001)

A method to calculate a length and a shape of two--dimensional unsteady \nsupercavities past\nslender wedges and around slender hydrofoils is developed. In case of\narbitrary time--dependence, the finite difference time discretization \nis used. In each time step, the solution is constructed by the method of \nintegral equations. The variable supercavity length is found\nby numerical solving the equation of the mass of gas in the cavity balance.\nExamples of calculation of evolution of both the natural supercavity and\nthe ventilated cavity in cases of aperiodic time--dependence and sinusoidal\noscillation of hydrofoil are presented.\n
Oxidation-reduction properties of rat liver cytochromes P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase related to catalysis in reconstituted systems (1983)

A series of equilibrium and kinetic measurements involving the oxidation-reduction properties of purified rat liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and eight different purified rat liver cytochromes P-450 (P-450s) were carried out. Apparent spin states of P-450 iron were determined in the absence and presence of a number of known substrates by using second-derivative and conventional near-UV absorbance spectroscopy. Many of the substrates examined did not produce significant changes in the apparent iron spin state, even when binding could be demonstrated with equilibrium dialysis. Further, the spin state was not correlated to catalytic activity of the P-450s in reconstituted enzyme systems. The oxidation-reduction potentials were determined for the ferric/ferrous couples of each of the eight P-450s in the presence and absence of known substrates, as well as other proteins suspected of altering the potentials. The midpoint potential (Em,7) ranged from -350 to -289 mV for the P-450s under these conditions. In some cases Em,7 was raised with the addition of substrates, but the extent of the increase was no greater than +33 mV. The Em,7 of one P-450 (P-450 beta NF/ISF-G) was not changed significantly when the fraction of high-spin iron varied between 11 and 67%. Steady-state spectral studies provided evidence for the accumulation of an oxygenated ferrous intermediate (or a derived product) of one P-450 (P-450PB-B) in the presence of a substrate, cyclohexane. Studies on the donation of electrons from cytochrome b5 and a series of dyes to this complex suggest that it has an effective Em,7 (for reduction) of approximately +50 mV. In studies with one of the P-450s, steady-state spectral studies indicated that the three-electron-reduced form of NADPH-P-450 reductase accumulates, consistent with the view that this form of the reductase is involved in the reduction of P-450 from the ferric to the ferrous state.
Oxidation products of 5-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile and 2- and 4-methylpyridines (1990)

The anion of 5-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile 1 undergoes oxidative coupling on treatment with dibenzoyl peroxide affording 1,2-bis-(5′-ethenyl-3′-cyano-4′-pyridyl)-ethane, 2. It is also shown that the anions of 2- and 4-methylpyridine undergo oxidative coupling. In the latter case, however, the coupling reaction is accompanied by addition to the carbonyl group of dibenzoyl peroxide. The addition products have been identified as phenacyl pyridines and dipicolyl phenyl carbinols. The ethenyl side chain of 1 has been hydrated by way of the oxymercuration–reduction process and the secondary alcohol oxidized to a ketone. Both the alcohol and ketone in protected form are potentially useful intermediates in alkaloid synthesis. Keywords: oxidative coupling, 2- and 4-methylpyridines, dibenzoyl peroxide, oxymercuration–reduction.