gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of γ-Irradiation on Egg White Proteins (Preliminary Report) (1969)

The aim of this study is to get preliminary observation about the influences of γ-irradiation on egg white protein.The development of odour from egg white was recognized in irradiation of 0.05 Mrad γ-ray at 0°C and 25°C (Table 1), while thining of thick white was recognized in 0.2 Mrad at -78°C, in 0.1 Mpad at 0°C and 0.05 Mpad at 25°C. With reference to electrophoretic behaviour of irradiated egg white, peak area of ovomucoid-globlin fraction was increased gradually corresponding to the increase of irradiated doses and was separated into two peaks at 1.0 Mrad in 45°C (Fig.1). With the increase of irradiated doses, released amounts of non-protein nitrogen and hexose from egg white, preparated ovalbumin and ovomucoid were increased as shown in Table 2 and Fig. 2. Released amounts of hexose from ovalbumin got rise in higher temperature probably because of its heatunstability. Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of migrated protein bands became broader corresponding to the increase of doses (Fig. 3). When egg white was irradiated, changes of anti-tryptic action and lytic action were not observed, but in preparated ovomucoid and lysozyme their biological activities were decreased with the increase of irradiated doses (Fig. 4 and 5).
CLARK: fast and accurate classification of metagenomic and genomic sequences using discriminative k-mers (2015)

CLARK is a versatile, fast and accurate sequence classification method, especially useful for metagenomics and genomics applications. It is freely available at http://clark.cs.ucr.edu/ .
Visual Depth Guided Color Image Rain Streaks Removal Using Sparse Coding (2014)

Rain removal from a single color image is a challenging problem as no temporal information among successive images can be obtained. In this paper, we propose a single-color-image-based rain removal framework by properly formulating rain removal as an image decomposition problem based on sparse representation. In our framework, an input color image is first decomposed into a low-frequency part and a high-frequency part by using the guided image filter so that the rain streaks would be in the high-frequency part with nonrain textures/edges, and the high-frequency part is then decomposed into a rain component and a nonrain component by performing dictionary learning and sparse coding. To separate rain streaks from the high-frequency part, a hybrid feature set, including histogram of oriented gradients, depth of field, and Eigen color, is employed to further decompose the high-frequency part. With the hybrid feature set applied, most rain streaks can be removed; simultaneously nonrain component can be enhanced. To the best of our knowledge, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed method is among the first to focus on the problem of single color image rain removal and achieves promising results with not only the rain component being removed more completely, but also the visual quality of restored images being improved.
Microbial Degradation of Nicotine and Nicotinic Acid (1954)

The author isolated about 50 strains of strictly aerobic bacteria which could utilize nicotine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Morphological and physiological properties of these bacterica were studied and it was found that these bacteria belonged to genera, Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Achromobacter, Bacterium and Bacillus.
The CAPOD System ??? A Scandinavian CAD/CAM System for Prosthetic Sockets (1989)

Öberg, Kurt Ph.D.1; Kofman, Jonathan M.Sc.A., P.Eng.2; Karisson, Arne3; Lindström, Billy4; Sigblad, Göran C.P.O.5 Author Information
The Effect of Price Promotions on Variability in Product Category Sales (1992)

Our objective in this research is to relate variability in product category sales to promotional activity in the product category, and other category specific characteristics. The findings may be relevant from retailers' perspective as retailers' revenues are more closely related to the sales of the product category as opposed to the sales of any particular brand. We analyze data on about 2,000 brands from 25 different SAMI categories, obtained with the cooperation of a major grocery chain. Our data suggest that an increase in the magnitude of discounts increases the variability in category sales but an increase in the frequency of discounts has an opposite effect. Furthermore, categories which are bulky, or categories where the degree of competitiveness is high, exhibit lower variability in sales.
Screening by polymerase chain reaction of Bacillus thuringiensis serotypes for the presence of cryV-like insecticidal protein genes and characterization of a cryV gene cloned from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (1993)

Polymerase chain reaction screening using cryV-specific oligonucleotides, designed to amplify the 5' half of cryV-type genes, revealed the presence of such genes in 7 of 21 Bacillus thuringiensis serotypes examined. Restriction analysis and hybridization studies indicated that these putative genes fall into at least three subclasses. The nucleotide sequence of the cryV-type gene cloned from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki DSIR732 revealed an open reading frame coding for a protein of 719 amino acids, and lysates of Escherichia coli cells expressing the 81.2-kDa CryV732 protein were toxic to Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
Optically Dilute, Absorbing, and Turbid Phantoms for Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Samples (1993)

This paper presents a phantom which simulates the optical properties of tissue. The phantom absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, anisotropy factor, and fluorescence quantum yield can be independently varied to investigate the effects of these parameters on fluorescence excitation and emission spectra from 300 to 650 nm. Phantom fluorophores include Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) and Rhodamine B. Absorption is controlled by adjusting phantom hemoglobin concentration. On the basis of their smoothly varying scattering coefficient and the relatively low amount of fluorescence contributed to the mixture in comparison to other available scatterers, 1.05-µm-diameter polystyrene microspheres were selected as a scatterer. Sample inhomogeneities are simulated by preparing the phantom in a gelatin substrate. The optical properties of turbid phantoms determined with the use of indirect techniques agree well with known values as long as µ s (l – g) > µ a . Data are presented from dilute, absorbing, and turbid phantoms and inhomogeneous phantoms to qualitatively illustrate the effects of optical properties and sample geometry on fluorescence spectra. The phantom provides the framework for detailed quantitative investigations of the effects of optical properties, sample size, shape, and structure, boundary conditions, and collection geometry on fluorescence spectra.
Synthesis of Pyrene-Containing Polymers and Noncovalent Sidewall Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

Pyrene-containing polymers have been prepared for noncovalent sidewall functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). (1-Pyrene)methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate (PyMMP) has been synthesized and copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA). Poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-poly(MMA-co-PyMMP) diblocks have also been synthesized. The surface of MWNTs, produced by both the CCVD and arc discharge methods, has been modified by these copolymers for making them dispersible in a variety of organic solvents. The modified MWNTs have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
Barefoot-Shod Running Differences: Shoe or Mass Effect? (2008)

The higher oxygen consumption reported when shod running is compared to barefoot running has been attributed to the additional mass of the shoe. However, it has been reported that wearing shoes also modified the running pattern. The aim of this study was to distinguish the mass and shoe effects on the mechanics and energetics when shod running. Twelve trained subjects ran on a 3-D treadmill ergometer at 3.61 m . s (-1) in six conditions: barefoot, using ultra thin diving socks unloaded, loaded with 150 g, loaded with 350 g, and two shoe conditions, one weighing 150 g and another 350 g. The results show that there was a significant mass effect but no shoe effect for oxygen consumption. Stride frequency, anterior-posterior impulse, vertical stiffness, leg stiffness, and mechanical work were significantly higher in barefoot condition compared to shod. Net efficiency, which has metabolic and mechanical components, decreased in the shod condition. The mechanical modifications of running showed that the main role of the shoe was to attenuate the foot-ground impact by adding damping material. However, these changes may lead to a decrease of the storage and restitution of elastic energy capacity which could explain the lower net efficiency reported in shod running.
REACTIONS OF RABBITS TO INTRACUTANEOUS INJECTIONS OF PNEUMOCOCCI AND THEIR PRODUCTS (1930)

1. About two-thirds of the rabbits injected intracutaneously with suspensions of heat-killed S or R pneumococci develop an increased eye reactivity. 2. Eye reactions in these animals may be elicited by the instillation of "nucleoprotein," or of a solution of Pneumococcus from which the acid precipitable and heat coagulable proteins have been removed. The eye reactions are not elicited, under the conditions described, by living R cells or the protein-free, type-specific, polysaccharides. 3. Rabbits do not develop an increased eye reactivity following intravenous injections of the intact cell. 4. Rabbits do not develop an increased eye reactivity following injections of soluble derivatives of Pneumococcus. 5. Experimental infection by Pneumococcus may stimulate eye reactivity in rabbits. 6. Eye reactivity occurs in animals actively resistant to infection. 7. Eye reactions are observed more frequently in rabbits which show the secondary reaction.
Intranasal and oral vaccination with protein-based antigens: advantages, challenges and formulation strategies (2015)

Most pathogens initiate their infections at the human mucosal surface. Therefore, mucosal vaccination, especially through oral or intranasal administration routes, is highly desired for infectious diseases. Meanwhile, protein-based antigens provide a safer alternative to the whole pathogen or DNA based ones in vaccine development. However, the unique biopharmaceutical hurdles that intranasally or orally delivered protein vaccines need to overcome before they reach the sites of targeting, the relatively low immunogenicity, as well as the low stability of the protein antigens, require thoughtful and fine-tuned mucosal vaccine formulations, including the selection of immunostimulants, the identification of the suitable vaccine delivery system, and the determination of the exact composition and manufacturing conditions. This review aims to provide an up-to-date survey of the protein antigen-based vaccine formulation development, including the usage of immunostimulants and the optimization of vaccine delivery systems for intranasal and oral administrations.
95. Olefinic acids. Part I. The reactivity of α-bromocrotonic acid (1945)

L. N. Owen, J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 385 DOI: 10.1039/JR9450000385
Potentiometric Evaluation of Solvent Polymeric Carbonate-Selective Membranes Based on Molecular Tweezer-Type Neutral Carriers (2000)

Potentiometric properties of the ion-selective electrodes) based on highly plasticized PVC membranes doped with the carbonate-selective cholic acid (CA) derivatives have been measured. The carbonate-selective neutral carriers have been prepared by coupling one to three trifluoroacetobenzoyl (TFAB) groups to a cholic acid derivative which has three hydroxyl linkers lining on the C3, C7, and C12 positions of its rigid steroidal ring structure. The membranes based on cholic acid derivatives with two TFABs [3,7-bis(TFAB)CA, 3,12-bis(TFAB)CA, and 7,12-bis(T-FAB)CA] exhibited remarkably improved carbonate selectivity, indicating that the bis(FAB)CAs behave like molecular tweezers for the carbonate ion. For example, 3,12-bis(TFAB)CA resulted in 10-300-fold-enhanced carbonate selectivity over other anions (e.g., salicylate, ClO4-, SCN-, (HPO4)2-, NO3-, NO2-, Br-, and Cl-) compared to that of the neutral carriers with a single TFAB group. The distances between the carbonate binding centers of bis(TFAB)CAs, i.e., the carbonyl carbons of the two TFAB groups, are in the 7.3-7.9-A range at the AM1 level semiempirical calculation, which is too far for the carbonate ion to form direct covalent bonding. The fast atom bombardment mass spectra of bis(TFAB)CAs show that significant fractions of the compounds are either mono- or dihydrated before complexing the carbonate ion. These findings seem to suggest that bis(TFAB)CAs recognize the incoming carbonate ion by forming both covalent and hydrogen bonding between the hydrated and unhydrated TFAB groups. The analytical utility of the carbonate-selective electrode based on 3,12-bis(TFAB)-CA has been demonstrated by measuring the total carbon dioxide in human serum in the presence of lipophilic anion interferents, e.g., salicylate.
Slavery in America (2006)

This is an in-depth reference to the history of American slavery. The history of the enslavement of African Americans in North America stretches from the beginning of European colonization to the end of the Civil War. Slavery in America, Revised Edition recounts this history, as well as the Reconstruction period, by examining many of its aspects: the slave catchers and their coffles in Africa, the crowded slave ships that transported Africans to America, slave auctions, life and labor on plantations, escape attempts and insurrections, and the Civil War and eventual emancipation. This edition also features a new chapter that extends coverage through Reconstruction. The authors capture the complexities and the extent of slavery, as well as document the wide differences in the ways people reacted to this terrible institution. Hundreds of firsthand accounts illustrate how historical events appeared to those who lived through them. In addition, each chapter provides an introductory essay and a chronology of events. The book also includes helpful features such as critical documents and capsule biographies of more than 100 key figures.
Holt-Winters Forecasting: A Study of Practical Applications for Healthcare Managers (2006)

Abstract : Healthcare managers often encounter the need for accurate and reliable forecasts. Decisions about staffing, purchasing, and healthcare delivery depend on the ability to analyze data and predict future observations. Qualitative methods can help with strategic planning in a changing environment; however, quantitative techniques may prove more appropriate in some cases. A basic understanding of forecast modeling can save valuable time and resources. This study demonstrates the use of the Holt-Winters model on common healthcare data series.
Molecular Basis of Perhydrolase Activity in Serine Hydrolases (2005)

Substratwechsel: Durch eine Mutation, die zu einer cis-Prolin-Peptidbindung in einer Schleifenstruktur nahe am aktiven Zentrum einer Arylesterase aus Pseudomonas fluorescens führt, wird aus dem Enzym eine Perhydrolase (siehe Bild). Das Umschalten der Aktivität wird mit einer neuen Wasserstoffbrücke zwischen einem Rückgrat-Carbonylsauerstoffatom und dem peroxidischen Desacylierungsintermediat erklärt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z463006_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Production from the Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga: Structures of New 8-9' Linked Neolignans and Sesquineolignan (2005)

The 80% aqueous acetone extract from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga showed nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activities in mouse peritoneal macrophages. From the aqueous acetone extract, three new 8-9' linked neolignans, galanganal, galanganols A and B, and a sesquineolignan, galanganol C, were isolated together with nine known phenylpropanoids and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The structures of new neolignans were determined on the basis of physicochemical and chemical evidence. In addition, the inhibitory effects of the constituents from the rhizomes of A. galanga on NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse peritoneal macrophages were examined. Among them, galanganal (IC50=68 microM), galanganols B (88 microM) and C (33 microM), 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (2.3 microM), 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (11 microM), trans-p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (ca. 20 microM), trans-p-coumaryl alcohol (72 microM), and trans-p-coumaryl diacetate (19 microM) were found to show inhibitory activity.
<i>In Vitro</i> Selection of a DNA-Templated Small-Molecule Library Reveals a Class of Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors (2010)

DNA-templated organic synthesis enables the translation of DNA sequences into synthetic small-molecule libraries suitable for in vitro selection. Previously, we described the DNA-templated multistep synthesis of a 13,824-membered small-molecule macrocycle library. Here, we report the discovery of small molecules that modulate the activity of kinase enzymes through the in vitro selection of this DNA-templated small-molecule macrocycle library against 36 biomedically relevant protein targets. DNA encoding selection survivors was amplified by PCR and identified by ultra-high-throughput DNA sequencing. Macrocycles corresponding to DNA sequences enriched upon selection against several protein kinases were synthesized on a multimilligram scale. In vitro assays revealed that these macrocycles inhibit (or activate) the kinases against which they were selected with IC(50) values as low as 680 nM. We characterized in depth a family of macrocycles enriched upon selection against Src kinase, and showed that inhibition was highly dependent on the identity of macrocycle building blocks as well as on backbone conformation. Two macrocycles in this family exhibited unusually strong Src inhibition selectivity even among kinases closely related to Src. One macrocycle was found to activate, rather than inhibit, its target kinase, VEGFR2. Taken together, these results establish the use of DNA-templated synthesis and in vitro selection to discover small molecules that modulate enzyme activities, and also reveal a new scaffold for selective ATP-competitive kinase inhibition.
Using Letters in School Counselling (2003)

This paper explores the creative use of therapeutic letters in a school counselling context. It describes a variety of therapeutic documents including letters of introduction and invitation, letters of reflection, letters to keep contact, and letters to summarise co-research.
Increased oral bioavailability of paclitaxel by GF120918 in mice through selective modulation of P-glycoprotein. (2000)

Previous studies in mice with disrupted mdr1a P-glycoprotein genes have shown that the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel is very low because of the presence of this drug-transporting protein in the intestinal wall. Additional studies with cyclosporin A have shown that this P-glycoprotein-inhibiting agent is able to increase the bioavailability of paclitaxel in mouse models and in patients. However, the potential immune-suppressive side effects of cyclosporin A renders this compound less suitable for chronic use in cancer patients. In this paper we present the results obtained with GF120918, an experimental P-glycoprotein inhibitor, on the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in both wild-type and mdrlab knockout mice. GF120918 (25 mg/kg) was administered p.o. by gavage 15 min or 2 h before oral or i.v. dosing of paclitaxel, respectively. Paclitaxel plasma levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. GF120918 increased the plasma values for areas under the concentration-time curve of oral paclitaxel in wild-type mice by 6.6-fold from 408 to 2701 ng x ml(-1) h. Calculated relative to their respective values for area under the concentration-time curve after i.v. administration, GF120918 increased the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in wild-type mice from 8.5 to 40.2%. The plasma pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in mdr1ab knockout mice was not altered by GF120918, whereas the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in wild-type mice receiving GF120918 became comparable with mdr1ab knockout mice. This result indicates that GF120918 at this dose-level selectively and completely blocks P-glycoprotein in the intestines and does not notably interfere in the elimination of paclitaxel by metabolism or other transporters. On the basis of this result, GF120918 has been selected for additional study in humans.
Lactone-Based Diol Chain Extenders for Polyurethanes (1985)

Preparation de monomeres en faisant reagir un diamine ou un amino-alcool avec le γ-butyrolactone ou l'e-caprolactone pour faire des caoutchoucs de polyurethanne
Beyond Gene Sequencing: Analysis of Protein Structure with Mass Spectrometry (1991)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Fully orthogonal multi-carrier predistortion linearization for RF power amplifiers (2009)

This paper presents a fully orthogonal frequency-selective baseband predistortion linearization system for RF multi-carrier power amplifiers (PA) affected by strong differential memory effects. A new scheme is introduced for removing the unwanted inband frequency components generated by the interband predistortion corrections, thus establishing full orthogonality between the interband and inband predistortion. The demonstration study is performed on a two-carrier OFDM signal of 8 MHz bandwidth each, separated by 16 MHz for a total RF bandwidth of 32 MHz. Both the OFDM signal generator and the new orthogonal multi-carrier linearization algorithm proposed were implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and applied to the experimental investigation of the linearization of a Class AB/Class C LDMOS PA at 3.5 GHz. It is demonstrated that with the new orthogonality implementation, 5 dB inband distortion introduced by the interband predistortion steps is automatically suppressed such that multiple iterative steps between the interband and inband linearizations are no longer required in the optimization. Adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of up to -45 dBc for inband and interband are demonstrated experimentally.