gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rates of Evaporation of Silver, Lead, Bismuth, and Sulfur from Molten Copper Alloys Stirred at Different Speeds under Reduced Pressure (1977)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the stirring of molten copper alloys by a rotating molybdenum disk on the rates of removal of silver, lead, bismuth, and sulfur, which are impurities of crude copper, under reduced pressure. Liquid Cu–Ag, Cu–Pb, Cu–Bi, Cu–Ag–O, Cu–Bi–O and Cu–Si–S alloys were maintained at 1468 and 1573 K or 1573 K under reduced pressures of the order of 10−1 to 10−2 mmHg while being stirred at two different speeds in a molybdenum-wire-wound resistance furnace. The evaporation of silver from Cu–Ag alloys, bismuth from Cu–Bi and Cu–Bi–O alloys, and sulfur from Cu–Si–S alloys follow first-order kinetics. The evaporation of lead from Cu–Pb alloys follows the same kinetics at least initially. Any of the evaporation-rate constants hardly depend on the stirring rate, and those of silver, lead, and bismuth are smaller than their respective rate constants of vaporization at the interface. These facts suggest that their evaporation rates are determined by gas-phase mass transfer and vaporization at the interface or the former under the present experimental conditions. At 1573 K, the evaporation-rate constants of lead, bismuth, and sulfur are much greater than those of silver. Oxygen in the melts increases the rate of evaporation of silver at about 0.09% O at 1573 K and slightly decreases the evaporation-rate constants of bismuth at 0.03 to 0.07% O at 1468 K.
Observation of Entanglement of a Single Photon with a Trapped Atom (2006)

We report the observation of entanglement between a single trapped atom and a single photon at a wavelength suitable for low-loss communication over large distances, thereby achieving a crucial step towards long range quantum networks. To verify the entanglement, we introduce a single atom state analysis. This technique is used for full state tomography of the atom-photon qubit pair. The detection efficiency and the entanglement fidelity are high enough to allow in a next step the generation of entangled atoms at large distances, ready for a final loophole-free Bell experiment.
A Racetrack Microtron RF System (1985)

The rf system for the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)/Los Alamos cw racetrack microtron is described. The low-power portion consists of five 75-W amplifiers that drive two input ports in each of two chopper deflection cavities and one port in the prebuncher cavity. A single 500-kW klystron drives four separate 2380-MHz cavity sections: the two main accelerator sections, a capture section, and a preaccelerator section. The phases and amplitudes in all cavities are controlled by electronic or electromechanical controls. The 1-MW klystron power supply and crowbar system were purchased as a unit; several modifications are described that improve power-supply performance. The entire rf system has been tested and shipped to the NBS, and the chopper-buncher system has been operated with beam at the NBS.
Efficient Synthesis of Calix[6]tmpa: A New Calix[6]azacryptand with Unique Conformational and Host–Guest Properties (2006)

A new C(3v)-symmetrical calix[6]azacryptand, that is, calix[6]tmpa (11), was synthesized by efficient [1+1] macrocyclization reactions. Remarkably, both linear and convergent synthetic strategies that were applied lead to equally good overall yields. Calix[6]tmpa behaves as a single proton sponge and appeared reluctant to undergo polyprotonation, unlike classical tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tmpa) derivatives. It also acts as a good host for ammonium ions. Interestingly, it strongly binds a sodium ion and a neutral guest molecule, such as a urea, an amide, or an alcohol, in a cooperative way. A (1)H NMR study indicated that the ligand, as well as its complexes, adopt a major flattened cone conformation that is the opposite of that observed with the previously reported calix[6]cryptands. Characterization of the monoprotonated derivative 11H(+) by X-ray diffraction also revealed the presence of a 1,3-alternate conformation, which is the first example of its kind in the calix[6]arene family. This conformer is probably also present in solution as a minor species. The important covalent constraint induced by the polyaromatic tmpa cap on the calixarene skeleton, and conversely from the calix core onto the tmpa moiety, is the likely basis for the unique conformational and chemical properties of this host.
A frequency-division MIMO FMCW radar system using delta-sigma-based transmitters (2014)

In this paper, we present a system that allows to realize frequency-division multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars which are based on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) principle. Multiple frequency-shifted FMCW signals, which can be separated in the receiver, are used as transmit (TX) signals. The frequency shifting is implemented using digitally generated sinusoids in conjunction with delta-sigma-based transmitters. The proposed principle requires only little adaptions compared to conventional FMCW-setups. Furthermore a fast Fourier-transform stage, being present in many conventional FMCW radars, can be used to separate the TX signals leading to an efficient usage of existing building blocks. Measurements carried out using a prototype system with 48 MIMO channels demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the<i>Pvu</i>ii restriction enzyme gene from<i>Proteus vulgaris</i> (1990)

Journal Article Complete nucleotide sequence of the Pvu ii restriction enzyme gene from Proteus vulgaris Get access A. Athanasiadis, A. Athanasiadis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Gregoriu, M. Gregoriu University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Thanos, D. Thanos University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Kokkinidis, M. Kokkinidis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Papamatheakis J. Papamatheakis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 21, 21 November 1990, Page 6434, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.21.6434 Published: 21 November 1990 Article history Received: 26 September 1990 Published: 21 November 1990
A multi-landing pad DNA integration platform for mammalian cell engineering (2018)

Engineering mammalian cell lines that stably express many transgenes requires the precise insertion of large amounts of heterologous DNA into well-characterized genomic loci, but current methods are limited. To facilitate reliable large-scale engineering of CHO cells, we identified 21 novel genomic sites that supported stable long-term expression of transgenes, and then constructed cell lines containing one, two or three 'landing pad' recombination sites at selected loci. By using a highly efficient BxB1 recombinase along with different selection markers at each site, we directed recombinase-mediated insertion of heterologous DNA to selected sites, including targeting all three with a single transfection. We used this method to controllably integrate up to nine copies of a monoclonal antibody, representing about 100 kb of heterologous DNA in 21 transcriptional units. Because the integration was targeted to pre-validated loci, recombinant protein expression remained stable for weeks and additional copies of the antibody cassette in the integrated payload resulted in a linear increase in antibody expression. Overall, this multi-copy site-specific integration platform allows for controllable and reproducible insertion of large amounts of DNA into stable genomic sites, which has broad applications for mammalian synthetic biology, recombinant protein production and biomanufacturing.
The Tumor Suppressor Gene <i>hCDC4</i> Is Frequently Mutated in Human T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Functional Consequences for Notch Signaling (2007)

Notch signaling is of crucial importance in normal T-cell development and Notch 1 is frequently mutated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL), leading to aberrantly high Notch signaling. In this report, we determine whether T-ALL mutations occur not only in Notch1 but also in the F-box protein hCdc4 (Sel-10, Ago, or Fbxw7), a negative regulator of Notch1. We show that the hCDC4 gene is mutated in leukemic cells from more than 30% of patients with pediatric T-ALL and derived cell lines. Most hCDC4 mutations found were missense substitutions at critical arginine residues (Arg(465), Arg(479), and Arg(505)) localized in the substrate-binding region of hCdc4. Cells inactivated for hCdc4 and T-ALL cells containing hCDC4 mutations exhibited an increased Notch1 protein half-life, consistent with the proposed role of hCdc4 in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of Notch1. Furthermore, restoration of wild-type but not mutant hCdc4 in HCT 116 hCDC4-negative cells led to an increased Notch1 ubiquitylation and decreased Notch1 signaling. These results show that hCdc4 mutations interfere with normal Notch1 regulation in vivo. Finally, we found that mutations in hCDC4 and NOTCH1 can occur in the same cancers and that patients carrying hCDC4 and/or NOTCH1 mutations have a favorable overall survival. Collectively, these data show that mutation of hCDC4 is a frequent event in T-ALL and suggest that hCDC4 mutations and gain-of-function mutations in NOTCH1 might synergize in contributing to the development of pediatric T-ALL leukemogenesis.
A new affinity matrix for mineralocorticoid receptors. (1987)

The behavior of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors of rabbit kidney cytosol was investigated on two affinity gels: a new affinity matrix prepared with a 3-O-derivative of carboxymethyloxime deoxycorticosterone (deoxycorticosterone gel) and a gel linked to a 17 beta-dexamethasone derivative (dexamethasone gel). Deoxycorticosterone gel was highly specific, since it retained mineralocorticoid but not glucocorticoid receptors, and dexamethasone gel exhibited high selectivity for glucocorticoid receptors since it did not bind mineralocorticoid receptors. The use of these two matrices allowed separation of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors and further characterization of each type of cytosolic receptors after its isolation. Cytosolic mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors stabilized by tungstate were found to have a Stokes radius of approximately 6 nm, as determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography and a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 9 S, determined on a glycerol density gradient containing tungstate, under either high or low salt conditions. The hydrodynamic parameters, binding characteristics, and specificity of mineralocorticoid receptors were the same in the untreated and dexamethasone gel-treated cytosol. Similarly glucocorticoid receptor characteristics remained unchanged after deoxycorticosterone gel treatment, indicating biochemical independence of cytosolic mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. The [3H]aldosterone receptor complex eluted from deoxycorticosterone gel was recovered with a 30-40% yield and a purification factor of about 1000. Purified mineralocorticoid receptors had the same sedimentation coefficient as cytosolic mineralocorticoid receptors (9 S) but a different Stokes radius (4 versus 6 nm). The decrease in the Stokes radius of the purified mineralocorticoid receptors was probably due to the gel filtration method. These results indicate that the newly synthesized matrix specific for mineralocorticoid receptors constitutes a powerful tool for their extensive purification.
Diffusion Pore Imaging by Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2013)

While NMR diffusion measurements are widely used to derive parameters indirectly related to the microstructure of biological tissues and porous media, direct imaging of pore shapes would be of high interest. Here we demonstrate experimentally that complexly shaped closed pores can be imaged by diffusion acquisitions. Collecting the signal from the whole sample eliminates the problem of vanishing signal at increasing resolution of conventional NMR imaging. This approach may be used to noninvasively obtain structural information inaccessible so far such as pore or cell shapes, cell density, or axon integrity.
Highly selective generation of vanillin by anodic degradation of lignin: a combined approach of electrochemistry and product isolation by adsorption (2015)

The oxidative degradation of lignin into a variety of valuable products has been under investigation since the first half of the last century. Especially, the chance to claim this cheap, abundant and renewable source for the production of the important aroma chemical vanillin (1) was one of the major driving forces of lignin research. So far most of the developed methods fail in technical application since no viable concept for work-up is included. This work represents a combined approach of electrochemical conversion of Kraft lignin and product recovery by adsorption on a strongly basic anion exchange resin. Electrolysis conditions are optimized regarding reaction temperatures below 100 °C allowing operation of aqueous electrolytes in simple experimental set-up. Employing ion exchange resins gives rise to a selective removal of low molecular weight phenols from the strongly alkaline electrolyte without acidification and precipitation of remaining lignin. The latter represents a significant advantage compared with conventional work-up protocols of lignin solutions.
Molecular electronics: Disordered molecular wires (1994)

We present results for the effect of diagonal disorder on the conductance of molecular wires, using a simple one-dimensional tight-binding picture. We show that diagonal disorder affects three aspects of the conductance: (i) It produces large conductance fluctuations from wire to wire. (ii) It reduces the conductance in situations where the transfer would be resonant, and enhances the conductance when transfer is nonresonant. (iii) It gives near-exponential conductance decays with wire length.
Nasal Saline for Acute Sinusitis (2002)

To the Editor —

I read with interest Garbutt et al’s article in the April 2001 issue of Pediatrics. 1 The authors could not show the effect of antimicrobial treatment compared with placebo given to children (the response rate was 79% for amoxicillin, 81% for amoxicillin-clavulanate, and 79% for placebo). In addition to antibiotics oral or systemic …
Effect of Omeprazole and Ranitidine on Ulcer Healing and Relapse Rates in Patients with Benign Gastric Ulcer (1989)

Omeprazole blocks the action of H+,K+-ATPase in the gastric mucosa and thus inhibits the secretion of hydrochloric acid. We conducted a double-blind multicenter study (45 centers in 13 countries) of 602 patients with benign gastric or prepyloric ulcers to compare the effectiveness of omeprazole (20 mg once daily, 203 patients, or 40 mg once daily, 194 patients) and ranitidine, an H2-receptor antagonist (150 mg twice daily, 205 patients) in promoting ulcer healing and to evaluate the pattern of ulcer relapse during a six-month follow-up. Healing occurred at four weeks in 80 percent of the patients receiving 40 mg of omeprazole, 69 percent of those receiving 20 mg of omeprazole, 69 percent of those receiving ranitidine. At eight weeks, the corresponding figures were 96, 89, and 85 percent. A multivariate analysis of ulcer healing showed that at four weeks the ulcers of significantly more patients receiving omeprazole had healed as compared with patients receiving ranitidine (omeprazole, 40 mg, vs. ranitidine, P less than 0.0005; omeprazole, 20 mg, vs. ranitidine, P = 0.01). At eight weeks, the 40-mg dose of omeprazole was significantly more effective than ranitidine (P = 0.001) or the 20-mg dose of omeprazole (P = 0.03). Ulcer symptoms were relieved faster with omeprazole. In 68 patients receiving concurrent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, the healing rates at four weeks were 81 percent in the group receiving 40 mg of omeprazole, 61 percent in the group receiving 20 mg, and 32 percent in the group receiving ranitidine; at eight weeks, the corresponding figures were 95, 82, and 53 percent. During the six-month follow-up period (without treatment), significantly more patients in the omeprazole groups were free of symptoms and ulcers than in the ranitidine group. We conclude that in the dose used, omeprazole is superior to ranitidine in the treatment of benign gastric ulcers.
The VÎ³9VÎ´2 T Cell Antigen Receptor and Butyrophilin-3 A1: Models of Interaction, the Possibility of Co-Evolution, and the Case of Dendritic Epidermal T Cells (2014)

Most circulating human gamma delta T cells are Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Their hallmark is the expression of T cell antigen receptors (TCR) whose γ-chains show a Vγ9-JP (Vγ2-Jγ1.2) rearrangement and are paired with Vδ2-containing δ-chains, a dominant TCR configuration, which until recently seemed to occur in primates only. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to phosphoantigens (PAg) such as (E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), which is produced by many pathogens and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which accumulates in certain tumors or cells treated with aminobisphosphonates such as zoledronate. A prerequisite for PAg-induced activation is the contact of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with cells expressing butyrophilin-3 A1 (BTN3A1). We will first critically review models of how BTN3 might act in PAg-mediated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation and then address putative co-evolution of Vγ9, Vδ2, and BTN3 genes. In those rodent and lagomorphs used as animal models, all three genes are lost but a data-base analysis showed that they emerged together with placental mammals. A strong concomitant conservation of functional Vγ9, Vδ2, and BTN3 genes in other species suggests co-evolution of these three genes. A detailed analysis was performed for the new world camelid alpaca (Vicugna pacos). It provides an excellent candidate for a non-primate species with presumably functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells since TCR rearrangements share features characteristic for PAg-reactive primate Vγ9Vδ2 TCR and proposed PAg-binding sites of BTN3A1 have been conserved. Finally, we analyze the possible functional relationship between the butyrophilin-family member Skint1 and the γδ TCR-V genes used by murine dendritic epithelial T cells (DETC). Among placental mammals, we identify five rodents, the cow, a bat, and the cape golden mole as the only species concomitantly possessing potentially functional homologs of murine Vγ3, Vδ4 genes, and Skint1 gene and suggest to search for DETC like cells in these species.
Using multicast communication to reduce deadlock in replicated databases (2002)

Obtaining good performance from a distributed replicated database that allows update transactions to originate at any site while ensuring one-copy serializability is a challenge. A popular analysis of deadlock probabilities in replicated databases shows that the deadlock rate for the system is high and increases as the third power of the number of replicas. We show how a replica management protocol that uses atomic broadcast for replica update reduces the occurrence of deadlocks and the dependency on the number of replicas. The analysis is confirmed by simulation experiments.
Complete nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of cDNA encoding the mitochondrial uncoupling protein of rat brown adipose tissue: lack of a mitochondrial targeting presequence (1986)

A cDNA clone spanning the entire amino acid sequence of the nuclear-encoded uncoupling protein of rat brown adipose tissue mitochondria has been isolated and sequenced. With the exception of the N-terminal methionine the deduced N-terminus of the newly synthesized uncoupling protein is identical to the N-terminal 30 amino acids of the native uncoupling protein as determined by protein sequencing. This proves that the protein contains no N-terminal mitochondrial targeting prepiece and that a targeting region must reside within the amino acid sequence of the mature protein.
Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. XXIX. 5-Diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide and 5-Diazo-v-triazole-4-carboxamide<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. XXIX. 5-Diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide and 5-Diazo-v-triazole-4-carboxamide1,2Y. FULMER SHEALY, ROBERT F. STRUCK, LEE B. HOLUM, and JOHN A. MONTGOMERYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2396–2401Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01351a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interactions between the two surface proteins of rotavirus may alter the receptor-binding specificity of the virus (1996)

The infection of target cells by most animal rotavirus strains requires the presence of sialic acids (SAs) on the cell surface. We recently isolated variants from simian rotavirus RRV whose infectivity is no longer dependent on SAs and showed that the mutant phenotype segregates with the gene coding for VP4, one of the two surface proteins of rotaviruses (the other one being VP7). The nucleotide sequence of the VP4 gene of four independently isolated variants showed three amino acid changes, at positions 37 (Leu to Pro), 187 (Lys to Arg), and 267 (Tyr to Cys), in all mutant VP4 proteins compared with RRV VP4. The characterization of revertant viruses from two independent mutants showed that the arginine residue at position 187 changed back to lysine, indicating that this amino acid is involved in the determination of the mutant phenotype. Surprisingly, sequence analysis of reassortant virus DS1XRRV, which depends on SAs to infect the cell, showed that its VP4 gene is identical to the VP4 gene of the variants. Since the only difference between DS1XRRV and the RRV variants is the parental origin of the VP7 gene (human rotavirus DS1 in the reassortant), these findings suggest that the receptor-binding specificity of rotaviruses, via VP4, may be influenced by the associated VP7 protein.