gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator induces proliferation in breast cancer cells (2006)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is implicated in various pathophysiological processes, including extracellular matrix turnover, cell migration and invasion. Our study aimed to determine the role of uPA in both proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Hence, we analyzed the effects induced by exogeneous addition of domain-specific uPA antibodies and uPA-interacting molecules on proliferation of uPA-suppressed MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. uPA expression was reduced to 53% by stable transfection with an antisense/vector construct and to 65% by siRNA transfection. Immunocytochemical Ki67 staining and flow cytometry (S-phase) analysis indicated a strong decrease of cellular proliferation activity (35% and 38%, respectively). Exogenous addition of high molecular weight-uPA (HMW-uPA) or incubation with the amino terminal fragment (ATF), which lacks the enzymatic activity of uPA, lead to increased cell proliferation. A strong increase of proliferation was absent when the monoclonal anti-uPAR antibody IIIF10 (blocking uPA binding site), soluble uPAR (scavenger effect) and phosphatidyl-inositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, degrading uPAR) was added prior to the addition of HMW-uPA. In conclusion, HMW-uPA and ATF induce proliferation of breast cancer cells by binding to uPAR. Thereby, integrins situated adjacent to uPAR carry the signals into the cell, thus stimulating proliferation that is mediated via the MAPK pathway.
L'EXPRESSION DU PRODUIT DE V-ERBA, RECEPTEUR NUCLEAIRE ALTERE D'HORMONE, TRANSFORME LES PRECURSEURS ERYTHROCYTIQUES (1989)

Chez le poulet le virus de l'rythroblastose aviaire (AEV) transforme 'in vitro&dquo; des cellules du tissu conjonctif (CEF), et des prcurseurs des cellules rythrocytiques. Il induit chez l'animal des fibrosarcomes et des rythroleucmies. Deux oncognes viraux, v-erbB et v-erbA, sont responsables de l'activit noplasique du virus. Le premier oncogne a t transduit partir du gne de poulet codant pour le rcepteur de l' EGF et au TGFa. Le second correspond un rcepteur tronqu de l'hormone L-Trodolhyronine (LT3R). Lors de la transduction du gne cellulaire c-erbA, codant pour le LT3R, par le virus, il y a eu dltion de la partie 3' de celui-ci, rendant le produit de v-erbA incapable de fixer l'hormone LT3.
Influence of Ba content on grain size and dynamics of crystallization in barium ferrite thin films (1997)

The effects of Ba content on the dynamics of the crystallization process, which ultimately determines the grain size, were studied in barium ferrite thin films. Rapid thermal annealing was used to crystallize the amorphous as-deposited barium ferrite films. The annealing time and temperature dependent crystalline volumes were determined from the magnetization of the films, and were analyzed by means of the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami relation. Microstructural studies showed that the films with higher Ba content had higher nucleation rates and lower growth rates; consequently, they had finer grain size and smaller grain aspect ratio. Magnetic measurements showed that the higher Ba content films also had higher coercivities and smaller magnetic switching volumes.
Acumulación de penas impuestas en diferentes Estados de la Unión Europea: (Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de 21 de septiembre de 2017, asunto C-171/16: Beshkov) (2017)

espanolEste trabajo analiza la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Union Europea, de 21 de septiembre de 2017 (C-171/16). Se examina la incidencia de la Decision Marco 2008/675/JAI en las legislaciones nacionales cuando estas incoan un procedimiento de acumulacion juridica de penas (penal global) y la condena previa ha sido impuesta en otro Estado miembro de la Union Europea. En concreto, se razona sobre: si el concepto de nuevo proceso penal establecido en la Decision Marco engloba tambien a la fase de acumulacion de penas; si esa resolucion condenatoria previa debe ser objeto de reconocimiento en el otro Estado miembro donde se esta ventilando el procedimiento de imposicion d e pena global; si el condenado ostenta legitimacion para instar el procedimiento; y si la pena previa y sus consecuencias, dictadas en ese otro Estado miembro, pueden ser revisadas por el Estado que va a proceder a la acumulacion juridica de las penas. Por ultimo, se esboza el alcance de la LO 7/2014 que traspuso la Decision Marco al ordenamiento juridico espanol. EnglishThis paper analyzes the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, of September 21st 2017 (C-171/16). It examines the incidence of the Council Frame work Decision 2008/675/JHA in the national legislations when proceedings of judicial cumulative penalties (global penalty) are filed and the previous penalty has been imposed in another Member State of the European Union. In particular, it is explained if the concept of a new criminal process established by the Framework Decision also includes the cumulative penalties phase; if this previous condemnatory sentence must be recognized in another Member State where the process of global penalty has been filed; if the defendant i s legitimized to instigate the proceeding; and if the previous penalty and its consequences, imposed in another Member State can be reviewed by the State that will execute the cumulative penalty process. Finally, i t i s outlined the scope of the Spanish Organic Law 7/2014 that transposes the Framework Decision into the Spanish legislation.
Isolation and Purification of Bovine Spermatogonial Stem Cells and General Properties in vitro (2006)

The germ cell suspension was obtained by two-step enzymatic digestion from 5month-old calves testes.Spermatogonia were isolated and purified using Percoll discontinue density gradient centrifugation.Cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) at 37 ℃,in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO_2.Growth and morphologic changes of cells were observed.Results: seminiferous tubules of 5-month-old calf testis were mainly composed of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells,3.18×10~6 cells were available per 1.0 gram testis parenchyma.The purity of the spermatogonia was up to 69.27%.Spermatogonia mainly distributed in 27%-35% Percoll gradient.The bovine spermatogonial stem cells began to divide after 6-7days culture and clones were formed after 20 days.Conclusion: The spermatogonia obtained by two-step enzymatic digestion and Percoll discontinue density gradient centrifugation could satisfy the needs of survival and proliferation of bovine spermatogonia in vitro.
CCP1/Nna1 functions in protein turnover in mouse brain: Implications for cell death in <i>Purkinje cell degeneration</i> mice (2010)

Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mice have a mutation within the gene encoding cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1 (CCP1/Nna1), which has homology to metallocarboxypeptidases. To assess the function of CCP1/Nna1, quantitative proteomics and peptidomics approaches were used to compare proteins and peptides in mutant and wild-type mice. Hundreds of peptides derived from cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins are greatly elevated in pcd mouse hypothalamus, amygdala, cortex, prefrontal cortex, and striatum. However, the major proteins detected on 2-D gel electrophoresis were present in mutant and wild-type mouse cortex and hypothalamus at comparable levels, and proteasome activity is normal in these brain regions of pcd mice, suggesting that the increase in cellular peptide levels in the pcd mice is due to reduced degradation of the peptides downstream of the proteasome. Both nondegenerating and degenerating regions of pcd mouse brain, but not wild-type mouse brain, show elevated autophagy, which can be triggered by a decrease in amino acid levels. Taken together with previous studies on CCP1/Nna1, these data suggest that CCP1/Nna1 plays a role in protein turnover by cleaving proteasome-generated peptides into amino acids and that decreased peptide turnover in the pcd mice leads to cell death.
The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 promotes mammary adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and metastatic progression in mice by amplifying ErbB2 signaling (2008)

Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase EPH receptor A2 (EphA2) is commonly observed in aggressive breast cancer and correlates with a poor prognosis. However, while EphA2 has been reported to enhance tumorigenesis, proliferation, and MAPK activation in several model systems, other studies suggest that EphA2 activation diminishes these processes and inhibits the activity of MAPK upon ligand stimulation. In this study, we eliminated EphA2 expression in 2 transgenic mouse models of mammary carcinoma. EphA2 deficiency impaired tumor initiation and metastatic progression in mice overexpressing ErbB2 (also known as Neu) in the mammary epithelium (MMTV-Neu mice), but not in mice overexpressing the polyomavirus middle T antigen in mammary epithelium (MMTV-PyV-mT mice). Histologic and ex vivo analyses of MMTV-Neu mouse mammary epithelium indicated that EphA2 enhanced tumor proliferation and motility. Biochemical analyses revealed that EphA2 formed a complex with ErbB2 in human and murine breast carcinoma cells, resulting in enhanced activation of Ras-MAPK signaling and RhoA GTPase. Additionally, MMTV-Neu, but not MMTV-PyV-mT, tumors were sensitive to therapeutic inhibition of EphA2. These data suggest that EphA2 cooperates with ErbB2 to promote tumor progression in mice and may provide a novel therapeutic target for ErbB2-dependent tumors in humans. Moreover, EphA2 function in tumor progression appeared to depend on oncogene context, an important consideration for the application of therapies targeting EphA2.
Symmetric Signal Reconstruction and Frequency-Division Differential Driving for High Rate Touch Screen Sensing (2016)

As touch screens become larger, touch screen sensing techniques are facing growing demands for higher resolution and speed. While a fast touch screen sensing technique, frequency division concurrent sensing (FDCS) can provide substantial speed enhancement, its scan speed is still limited by the frequency characteristics of the touch screen and driving signals. We propose an enhanced FDCS technique to further improve the scan rate up to four times. The proposed technique drives only the first half-period of driving signals, while reconstructing the remaining half of the signals at the new fast Fourier transform (FFT) called a reconstruction FFT. This way, we can double the scan rate of the FDCS's maximum rate. In addition, we introduce a differential driving technique, which halves the number of required frequencies. This consequently allows us to increase the driving signal frequencies by two times. We also introduce a frequency shuffling technique to eliminate the multitouch cancellation problem, a common problem that makes it difficult to use differential signals for multitouch detection. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method can achieve four times higher scan rate at the cost of little overhead and SNR loss.
CNS Dopamine Transmission Mediated by Noradrenergic Innervation (2012)

The presynaptic source of dopamine in the CA1 field of dorsal hippocampus is uncertain due to an anatomical mismatch between dopaminergic terminals and receptors. We show, in an in vitro slice preparation from C57BL/6 male mice, that a dopamine (DA) D1 receptor (D1R)-mediated enhancement in glutamate synaptic transmission occurs following release of endogenous DA with amphetamine exposure. It is assumed DA is released from terminals innervating from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) even though DA transporter (DAT)-positive fibers are absent in hippocampus, a region with abundant D1Rs. It has been suggested this results from a lack of DAT expression on VTA terminals rather than a lack of these terminals per se. Neither a knockdown of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the VTA by THsiRNA, delivered locally, by adeno-associated viral vector, nor localized pharmacological blockade of DAT to prevent amphetamine uptake into DA terminals, has any effect on the D1R synaptic, enhancement response to amphetamine. However, either a decrease in TH expression in the locus ceruleus (LC) or a blockade of the norepinephrine (NE) transporter prevents the DA-mediated response, indicating LC terminals can release both NE and DA. These findings suggest noradrenergic fibers may be the primary source of DA release in hippocampus and corresponding DA-mediated increase in synaptic transmission. Accordingly, these data imply the LC may have a role in DA transmission in the CNS in response to drugs of abuse, and potentially, under physiological conditions.
The 52 -55  segment of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome: a region devoted to purine uptake and metabolism, and containing the genes cotA, gabP and guaA and the pur gene cluster within a 34960 bp nucleotide sequence (1996)

Within the framework of the international project for sequencing the entire Bacillus subtilis genome, we have determined the complete sequence of the segment flanking the purE-D gene cluster (55 degrees) as far as cotA (52 degrees). This segment (34960 bp) contains, as well as 12 genes already identified as part of the pur operon, 17 putative ORFs and one partial one. Two of them (gabP and guaA) are known B. subtilis genes. The gene product of cotA (formerly pig) shows significant similarity to oxidoreductases (phenoxazine synthase and bilirubin oxidase). The putative products of ORFs yeaB (Czd protein), yeaC (MoxR), yebA (CNG-channel and cGMP-channel proteins from eukaryotes), yebB (hypothetical 32.9 kDa protein of Escherichia coli), yecA (amino acid permease) and yecB (adenine deaminase) were similar to proteins in data banks.
Associations of Plasma Phospho-Tau217 Levels With Tau Positron Emission Tomography in Early Alzheimer Disease (2020)

In this cohort study, plasma P-tau217 levels were increased during the early preclinical stages of AD when insoluble tau aggregates were not yet detectable by tau-PET. Plasma P-tau217 may hold promise as a biomarker for early AD brain pathology.
Effects of high pressure nitrogen on the thermal stability of SiC fibers (1991)

Polymer-derived SiC fibers were exposed to nitrogen gas pressures of 7 and 50 atm at temperatures up to 1800 C. The fiber weight loss, chemical composition, and tensile strength were then measured at room temperature in order to understand the effects of nitrogen exposure on fiber stability. High pressure nitrogen treatments limited weight loss to 3 percent or less for temperatures up to 1800 C. The bulk Si-C-O chemical composition of the fiber remained relatively constant up to 1800 C with only a slight increase in nitrogen content after treatment at 50 atm; however, fiber strength retention was significantly improved. To further understand the effects of the nitrogen atmosphere on the fiber stability, the results of previous high pressure argon treatments were compared to those of the high pressure nitrogen treatments. High pressure inert gas can temporarily maintain fiber strength by physically inhibiting the evolution of gaseous species which result from internal reactions. In addition to this physical effect, it would appear that high pressure nitrogen further improved fiber temperature capability by chemically reacting with the fiber surface, thereby reducing the rate of gas evolution. Subsequent low pressure argon treatments following the initial nitrogen treatments resulted in stronger fibers than after argon treatment alone, further supporting the chemical reaction mechanism and its beneficial effects on fiber strength.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF LAMINATION MATERIAL CASE OF SWITCHING FLUX SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE WITH HYBRID EXCITATION (2009)

International audience
Extended Survival and Persistence of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. in Water and Aquatic Biofilms and Their Detection by Immunofluorescent-Antibody and -rRNA Staining (1998)

In water microcosm experiments, the survival times of Campylobacter isolates differed by up to twofold, as determined by culturing; this difference increased to fourfold when particular combinations of temperature and oxygenation were used. The mean survival times were much longer at 4 and 10 degrees C (202 and 176 h, respectively) than at 22 and 37 degrees C (43 and 22 h, respectively). The influence of anaerobiosis on survival time was less dramatic and differed considerably between isolates. In a two-stage water distribution model preparation containing a biofilm consisting of standardized autochthonous water microflora, Campylobacter isolates continued to differ in survival time. However, the survival times of cultures were considerably longer in the presence of the autochthonous water microflora (strains CH1 and 9752 survived 700 and 360 h, respectively, at 4 degrees C) than in the sterile microcosms (strains CH1 and 9752 survived 230 and 157 h, respectively). Although increased temperature and oxygenation were generally detrimental to culturability, the interaction of these two factors influenced the two strains examined differently. When the organisms were grown aerobically at 30 degrees C, the survival of the two strains was reversed; aerobiosis decreased the survival time of strain CH1 by 30%, but unexpectedly improved the persistence time of strain 9752 by more than threefold. Persistence times within biofilms were much longer when they were determined by detection methods not involving culturing. Immunofluorescent-antibody staining demonstrated that the pathogen persisted up to the termination of the experiments after 28 and 42 days of incubation at 30 and 4 degrees C, respectively. The specificity of detection within intact biofilms was reduced because of high background fluorescence. However, preliminary studies with a Campylobacter-specific rRNA probe revealed the same extended persistence of the pathogen within the biofilms.
Shape Controlled Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of LiFePO<SUB>4</SUB> for Lithium Ion Batteries (2013)

Various LiFePO4 microstructures were synthesized via hydrothermal or solvothermal routes using different additives. In an aqueous solution, LiFePO4 spindles whose length was about 2 microm were obtained with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). As PVP and P2O7(4-) added in water, ellipsoidal LiFePO4 particles which composed of nanoparticles around 100 nm in diameter were obtained. If the additive was cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sheet-like LiFePO4 crystals with the width of 100 nm were prepared. In the mixed solvents of water together with ethanol or acetylacetone, when adding CTAB or polyethylene glycol (20000), LiFePO4 plates or nanoparticles were obtained. The ellipsoidal LiFePO4 had the best electrochemical properties among all these products. It is found that the annealed samples were significantly better than the corresponding unannealed ones. Take the ellipsoidal LiFePO4 for example, the initial discharge capacity of annealed (161 mAh/g) was much higher than the unannealed ones (85 mAh/g) at 0.1 C and the former cell still could deliver a capacity of 143 mAh/g after 30 cycles.
Structural basis of glycogen branching enzyme deficiency and pharmacologic rescue by rational peptide design (2015)

Glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) plays an essential role in glycogen biosynthesis by generating α-1,6-glucosidic branches from α-1,4-linked glucose chains, to increase solubility of the glycogen polymer. Mutations in the GBE1 gene lead to the heterogeneous early-onset glycogen storage disorder type IV (GSDIV) or the late-onset adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD). To better understand this essential enzyme, we crystallized human GBE1 in the apo form, and in complex with a tetra- or hepta-saccharide. The GBE1 structure reveals a conserved amylase core that houses the active centre for the branching reaction and harbours almost all GSDIV and APBD mutations. A non-catalytic binding cleft, proximal to the site of the common APBD mutation p.Y329S, was found to bind the tetra- and hepta-saccharides and may represent a higher-affinity site employed to anchor the complex glycogen substrate for the branching reaction. Expression of recombinant GBE1-p.Y329S resulted in drastically reduced protein yield and solubility compared with wild type, suggesting this disease allele causes protein misfolding and may be amenable to small molecule stabilization. To explore this, we generated a structural model of GBE1-p.Y329S and designed peptides ab initio to stabilize the mutation. As proof-of-principle, we evaluated treatment of one tetra-peptide, Leu-Thr-Lys-Glu, in APBD patient cells. We demonstrate intracellular transport of this peptide, its binding and stabilization of GBE1-p.Y329S, and 2-fold increased mutant enzymatic activity compared with untreated patient cells. Together, our data provide the rationale and starting point for the screening of small molecule chaperones, which could become novel therapies for this disease.
<scp>genalex</scp> 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research (2005)

Abstract genalex is a user‐friendly cross‐platform package that runs within Microsoft Excel, enabling population genetic analyses of codominant, haploid and binary data. Allele frequency‐based analyses include heterozygosity, F statistics, Nei's genetic distance, population assignment, probabilities of identity and pairwise relatedness. Distance‐based calculations include amova , principal coordinates analysis (PCA), Mantel tests, multivariate and 2D spatial autocorrelation and twogener . More than 20 different graphs summarize data and aid exploration. Sequence and genotype data can be imported from automated sequencers, and exported to other software. Initially designed as tool for teaching, genalex 6 now offers features for researchers as well. Documentation and the program are available at http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/GenAlEx/
Genetically Reduced Antioxidative Protection and Increased Ischemic Heart Disease Risk (2003)

Background— Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an antioxidative enzyme found in high concentrations in the arterial wall. Two to three percent of all people in Denmark carry an R213G substitution, which increases plasma concentration 10-fold. This may reduce arterial wall EC-SOD concentrations, increase intimal LDL oxidation, and therefore may accelerate atherogenesis. Our primary hypothesis was that EC-SOD-R213G predisposes to ischemic heart disease (IHD). The secondary hypothesis was that EC-SOD-R213G offers predictive ability with respect to IHD beyond that offered by measurements of plasma EC-SOD and autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Methods and Results— The primary hypothesis was tested in a prospective, population-based study of 9188 participants from The Copenhagen City Heart Study with 956 incident IHD events during 23 years of follow-up and retested cross-sectionally with independent case populations of patients with IHD (n=943) or ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) (n=617). Case populations were compared with unmatched IHD/ICVD-free control subjects from The Copenhagen City Heart Study (n=7992). The secondary hypothesis was tested by using a nested case-control study comparing patients with IHD (n=956) with age- and gender-matched control subjects (n=956). Age- and gender-adjusted relative risk for IHD in heterozygotes (n=221, 2.4%) versus noncarriers (n=8965, 97.6%) was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1). Retesting confirmed this: Age- and gender-adjusted odds ratios for IHD was 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) and for ICVD 1.7 (1.1 to 2.7). Additional adjustment for plasma EC-SOD produced an odds ratio for IHD in heterozygotes versus noncarriers of 9.2 (1.2 to 72), whereas adjustment for autoantibodies against oxLDL produced an odds ratio of 2.5 (1.2 to 5.3). Conclusions— Heterozygosity for EC-SOD-R213G is associated with increased IHD risk. Genotyping offers predictive ability with respect to IHD beyond that offered by plasma EC-SOD and autoantibodies against oxLDL.