gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hands free continuous speech recognition in noisy environment using a four microphone array (2002)

This paper describes advances in the use of HMM based technology for speaker independent continuous speech recognition, in noisy environment, under hands free interaction mode. For this purpose an array of four omnidirectional microphones is employed as the acquisition system. The processing of phase information in the cross-power spectrum provides the capability both of locating the talker position and of reconstructing an enhanced speech spectrum. Two enhancement techniques are described, that provide recognition improvement in the case of clean input speech as well as under different adverse conditions. The results refer to the use of a new multichannel corpus, collected in a real environment by a microphone array as well as a close-talk microphone.
Effects of Spanwise Blowing on Two Fighter Airplane Configurations (1980)

NASA Langley Research Center has recently conducted an investigation to determine the effects of spanwise blowing on two configurations representative of current fighter airplanes. This research examined not only the longitudinal or performance effects but was especially oriented toward determining the lateral-directional effects, particularly in the stall/departure angle-of-attack range. The wind-tunnel tests included measurement of static and forced-oscillation aerodynamic data, visualization of the airflow changes over the wing created by the spanwise blowing, and free-flight model tests. Effects of blowing rate, chordwise location of the blowing ports, asymmetric blowing, and the effects of blowing on the effectiveness of conventional aerodynamic controls were investigated.
Linking Expertise and Naturalistic Decision Making (2001)

This book contains selected papers presented at the 1998 conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM). The objectives of the conference were to: *make American researchers more aware of NDM research being conducted abroad, particularly in Europe; *connect NDM research with work in management and industry, to stretch beyond the military and paramilitary focus; and *formulate a more explicit connection between NDM and expertise. These objectives are reflected in the chapters of this volume.
A Practical and Azide-Free Synthetic Approach to Oseltamivir from Diethyl <scp>d</scp>-Tartrate (2010)

A short and practical synthesis of oseltamivir was accomplished in 11 steps from inexpensive and abundant diethyl D-tartrate starting material. This azide-free route featured an asymmetric aza-Henry reaction and a domino nitro-Michael/Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction as the key steps to construct the relevant cyclohexene ring of the product, which provided an economical and practical alternative for the synthesis of oseltamivir.
Simple, fully isolated, pulse transformer (1984)

A broadband noninverting pulse transformer, which provides a fully isolated low impedance signal suitable for various applications, was constructed by winding two coaxial cables in a special configuration around a toroidal magnetic core.
A Facile, Selective Preparation of Monoketals from Pentaerythritol and Ketones (2002)

The selective preparation of monoketals 3a-f from pentaerythritol 1 and cyclic, acyclic, aromatic, and aliphatic ketones 2a-f was achieved by a facile method. The extreme polarity and low solubility of pentaerythritol in almost all organic solvents were the main difficulties to be overcome for the preparation of monoketals in good yields and high selectivity. A benzene-dimethylformamide (40:60) mixture proved to be excellent for the ketalization. The one-step procedure developed allowed the preparation of monoketals in good yields and good to excellent selectivity (higher than 90%).
The Development of MetAP-2 Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment (2012)

Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs), which remove methionine residue from newly synthesized polypeptide chains, are a class of metalloproteases ubiquitously distributed in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. MetAP-2 inhibition can induce G1 cell cycle arrest, cytostasis in tumor cells in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. The discovery of fumagillin with potent antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities promoted the development of fumagillin analogues as a novel class of anticancer agents. Early drug discovery efforts have focused on analogs of fumagillin, which irreversibly inhibit MetAP-2 through covalent modification of an epoxide. Several fumagillin analogs, like CKD-732, TNP-470 and PPI-2458, were found to be potent selective inhibitors of MetAP-2 (proteolytic activity) and endothelial cell proliferation. Further, they have entered in clinical trials for the treatment of different types of tumors. Recently, attention has been paid to reversible human MetAP-2 inhibitors, such as bengamides, 2-hydroxy-3-aminoamides, anthranilic acid sulfonamides and triazole analogs, which have demonstrated their potential to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo as well. This review article mainly discussed the development of MetAP-2 inhibitors in cancer therapy and also summarized their structure-activity relationships.
Reinforcement Learning via Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Deep Reinforcement Learning has enabled the learning of policies for complex tasks in partially observable environments, without explicitly learning the underlying model of the tasks. While such model-free methods do achieve considerable performance, they often ignore the structure of task. We present a more natural representation of the solutions to Reinforcement Learning (RL) problems, within 3 Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) architectures to better exploit this inherent structure. The forward passes of each RCNN execute an efficient Value Iteration, propagate beliefs of state in partially observable environments, and choose optimal actions respectively. Applying back-propagation to these RCNNs allows the system to explicitly learn the Transition Model and Reward Function associated with the underlying MDP, serving as an elegant alternative to classical model-based RL. We evaluate the proposed algorithms in simulation, considering a robot planning problem. We demonstrate the capability of our framework to reduce the cost of re-planning, learn accurate MDP models, and finally re-plan with learned models to achieve near-optimal policies.
IEEE 1588 syntonization and synchronization functions completely realized in hardware (2008)

The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is an application layer protocol and therefore destined to be implemented in software. Hardware functions, if present, include a high resolution clock that helps to generate precise timestamps for PTP messages. The presented paper describes an IEEE 1588 clock that realizes syntonization and synchronization functions completely in hardware. It combines a three-port bridge with peer-to-peer Transparent Clock (TC) functionality and an Ordinary Clock (OC), together with other protocol and application specific logic within an FPGA. The aim of such an implementation is to provide a high accuracy and robust system clock that can be driven by a simple crystal oscillator. It can cope with oscillator instabilities caused by environmental effects such as fast temperature changes or accelerations (shock/vibration). It may deliver synchronicity in deeply cascaded topologies.
Plasma diagnostics in large area plasma processing system (2001)

A series of plasma diagnostic have been carried out in our large area plasma processing system which is based on a modulated electron-beam produced plasma. These discharges were created in both electrically conducting and insulated vacuum chambers operated in 30–120 mTorr of pure gases (argon, oxygen, and nitrogen). Langmuir probes, microwave transmission, mass spectrometry, and external current sensors show robust discharges were made over fairly wide parameter ranges resulting in plasma densities of 1–4×1011 cm−3 and temperature ranging from 0.2 eV for the molecular gases and 1.4 eV for argon. The effects of various experimental techniques, parameters, and contamination issues are discussed in detail.
10.51847/EljfPqa (2000)

We presented a nonlinear time-fractional model of Hepatitis B in order to understand the ‎outbreaks of this epidemic disease. The fractional parameter is used to develop the system of ‎complex nonlinear differential equations by using Caputo sense with fractional order ‎derivative. We investigated the qualitative analysis of the fractional-order model and also the ‎stability of the model was checked through the analysis. Hepatitis B is a highly contagious ‎disease that can sp
Efficacy of a Latex Teat Sealer (1984)

In the first of two experiments, efficacy of a latex teat sealer product was tested under field conditions on 32 cows that had one side of the udder dipped with the test product and the other left as the control. Number of new coliform, staphylococcal, or streptococcal infections in treated quarters was not reduced from controls. In a second experiment, effectiveness of this product as a protective sealer was investigated on six cows dip challenged with a broth containing 1 million Escherichia coli/ml. On sealed teats the challenge was applied on top of the dried film. The challenge organism was recovered from 33% of treated quarters and 42% of control quarters 6 h after exposure. Organisms were recovered from none of the quarters by 31 h postchallenge.
Human immune response to cytomegalovirus structural polypeptides studied by immunoblotting (1985)

To define better the human immune response to individual structural proteins of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), 55 human sera with different IgG and IgM titres were studied for their reactivity with HCMV structural polypeptides separated by SDS-PAGE and electrotransferred to nitrocellulose paper. The results obtained showed that antibody titres detected by immunoassay correlate with the intensity and the number of polypeptides reacting by immunoblotting (IB). The IB profiles of HCMV polypeptides reacting with different sera having the same antibody titres show considerable variation. Sera with high levels of IgG antibody and that are IgM-positive frequently react with 155, 149, 82.5, 74.5, 67, 57, 55, 38.5, and 28 kD polypeptides; all these sera react with 155, 67, 57, 55, 38.5 kD polypeptides. Sera with high levels of IgG antibody but that are IgM negative frequently react with all these polypeptides, with the exception of 149 and 74.5. Only 155 and 28 kD polypeptides were recognized by all sera of this group. The sera with moderate levels of IgG antibody preferentially recognize 155, 110, 82.5, 62, 55, 38.5 and 28 kD polypeptides. The sera with low levels of antibody reacted especially with 155 and 62 kD polypeptides. IgM antibody seems to recognize preferentially 155, 110, 67, 57, 55, 38.5 kD polypeptides.
Simple wave effects in two-component nonlinear liquid chromatography: application to the measurement of competitive adsorption isotherms (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple wave effects in two-component nonlinear liquid chromatography: application to the measurement of competitive adsorption isothermsZidu. Ma, Anita. Katti, Bingchang. Lin, and Georges. GuiochonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 17, 6911–6922Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100380a069https://doi.org/10.1021/j100380a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Optical spectrum of bottom-up graphene nanoribbons: towards efficient atom-thick excitonic solar cells (2014)

Recently, atomically well-defined cove-shaped graphene nanoribbons have been obtained using bottom-up synthesis. These nanoribbons have an optical gap in the visible range of the spectrum which make them candidates for donor materials in photovoltaic devices. From the atomistic point of view, their electronic and optical properties are not clearly understood. Therefore, in this work we carry out ab-initio density functional theory calculations combine with many-body perturbation formalism to study their electronic and optical properties. Through the comparison with experimental measurements, we show that an accurate description of the nanoribbon's optical properties requires the inclusion of electron-hole correlation effects. The energy, binding energy and the corresponding excitonic transitions involved are analyzed. We found that in contrast to zigzag graphene nanoribbons, the excitonic peaks in the absorption spectrum are a consequence of a group of transitions involving the first and second conduction and valence bands. Finally, we estimate some relevant optical properties that strengthen the potential of these nanoribbons for acting as a donor materials in photovoltaic.
Electrically pumped semiconductor laser with monolithic control of circular polarization (2014)

We demonstrate surface emission of terahertz (THz) frequency radiation from a monolithic quantum cascade laser with built-in control over the degree of circular polarization by "fishbone" gratings composed of orthogonally oriented aperture antennas. Different grating concepts for circularly polarized emission are introduced along with the presentation of simulations and experimental results. Fifth-order gratings achieve a degree of circular polarization of up to 86% within a 12°-wide core region of their emission lobes in the far field. For devices based on an alternative transverse grating design, degrees of circular polarization as high as 98% are demonstrated for selected far-field regions of the outcoupled THz radiation and within a collection half-angle of about 6°. Potential and limitations of integrated antenna gratings for polarization-controlled emission are discussed.
General Approach for the Synthesis of Sarpagine Indole Alkaloids. Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of (+)-Vellosimine, (+)-Normacusine B, (−)-Alkaloid Q<sub>3</sub>, (−)-Panarine, (+)-<i>N</i><sub>a</sub>-Methylvellosimine, and (+)-<i>N</i><sub>a</sub>-Methyl-16-epipericyclivine (2003)

The first total synthesis of (+)-Na-methyl-16-epipericyclivine (9) was completed [from d-(+)-tryptophan methyl ester] in an overall yield of 42% (eight reaction vessels). The optical rotation [[α]D +22.8 (c 0.50, CHCl3)] obtained on this material confirmed that the reported optical rotation [[α]D 0 (c 0.50, CHCl3)]47 was biogenetically unreasonable. The total syntheses of (+)-vellosimine, (+)-normacusine B, (−)-alkaloid Q3, (−)-panarine, and (+)-Na-methylvellosimine are also described. Moreover, a mixed sample (1:1) of synthetic (−)-panarine and natural (−)-panarine yielded only one set of signals in the 13C NMR; this indicated that the two compounds are identical and further confirmed the correct configuration of (+)-vellosimine, (+)-normacusine B, and (−)-alkaloid Q3. In this approach, the key templates, (−)-Na-H,Nb-benzyltetracyclic ketone 15a and (−)-Na-methyl,Nb-benzyltetracyclic ketone 43 were synthesized on multihundred gram scale by the asymmetric Pictet−Spengler reaction and a stereocontrolled Dieckmann cyclization via improved sequences. An intramolecular palladium (enolate-mediated) coupling reaction was employed to introduce the C(19)−C(20) E-ethylidene function in the sarpagine alkaloids for the first time in stereospecific fashion.
Cellular control of human multidrug resistance 1 (mdr-1) gene expression in absence and presence of gene amplification in human cancer cells. (1994)

The Kst-6 cell line is a human KB carcinoma cell line that has a stably integrated chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) reporter gene under the control of the human mdr-1 promoter. Using Kst-6 cells as the parental cell line, five vincristine-resistant sublines, designated Kst-V5, -V25, -V50, -V75, and -V100, were isolated by exposure to increasing concentrations of drug. These sublines showed increased resistance to vincristine when compared with parental Kst-6 cells. Two sublines, V25-1 and V25-2, were further isolated from Kst-V25 after culture in the presence of vincristine, and V100-1 and V100-2 were also isolated from Kst-V100. Southern analysis demonstrated mdr-1 gene amplification in Kst-50, Kst-V75, Kst-V100, V100-1, and V100-2 cells, respectively, but not in Kst-V5, Kst-V25, V25-1, and V25-2 cells. In contrast, increased mdr-1 expression was documented by Northern analysis in Kst-V25, V25-1, and V25-2 cells and five cell lines with mdr-1 amplification. Southern blot analysis utilizing a CAT probe demonstrated a stable copy number in all vincristine-resistant sublines. However, Northern analysis documented increased CAT expression in Kst-V5, Kst-V25, V25-1, and V25-2 cells but reduced mRNA levels in the cell line with amplification of the endogenous mdr-1 gene. Expression of the CAT gene was increased along with the endogenous mdr-1 gene in the early steps of the selection but decreased with the onset of gene amplification. There appeared almost similar mRNA levels of two trans-acting factor genes, SP-1 and MDR-NF1/YB-1, which are supposed to be involved in mdr-1 gene promoter activation, among all cell lines used in this study. These findings suggest that transcription of both the CAT gene fused to the mdr-1 promoter and the endogenous mdr-1 gene is enhanced through activation by trans-acting factors in the early steps of drug selection. However, the quantity of trans-activating factor is limiting, and with the onset of gene amplification, less is available for activation of the CAT gene, resulting in decreased expression.
Notes on Low-rank Matrix Factorization (2015)

Low-rank matrix factorization (MF) is an important technique in data science. The key idea of MF is that there exists latent structures in the data, by uncovering which we could obtain a compressed representation of the data. By factorizing an original matrix to low-rank matrices, MF provides a unified method for dimension reduction, clustering, and matrix completion. In this article we review several important variants of MF, including: Basic MF, Non-negative MF, Orthogonal non-negative MF. As can be told from their names, non-negative MF and orthogonal non-negative MF are variants of basic MF with non-negativity and/or orthogonality constraints. Such constraints are useful in specific senarios. In the first part of this article, we introduce, for each of these models, the application scenarios, the distinctive properties, and the optimizing method. By properly adapting MF, we can go beyond the problem of clustering and matrix completion. In the second part of this article, we will extend MF to sparse matrix compeletion, enhance matrix compeletion using various regularization methods, and make use of MF for (semi-)supervised learning by introducing latent space reinforcement and transformation. We will see that MF is not only a useful model but also as a flexible framework that is applicable for various prediction problems.
Effects of truncation of transmission projections on cardiac SPECT images acquired by a right-angle dual-camera with half-fan-beam collimators (1998)

Right-angle dual-head SPECT systems equipped with half-fan-beam collimators have some advantages compared to right-angle dual-head systems with parallel-hole collimators. A potential drawback of the half-fan-beam system in cardiac studies is that it potentially truncates the transmission data and therefore yields attenuation maps containing inaccuracies in an area to the dorso-lateral region of the torso. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the transmission projection truncation introduces artifacts into iteratively reconstructed emission images of the heart. To this end, a combined cardiac emission transmission study was simulated, modeling 514 mm wide detectors and collimators with focal line distances of 890 mm. Emission images were reconstructed iteratively on the basis of truncated and untruncated attenuation maps. The iterative reconstruction methods include the detector response, and compensate for attenuation and scatter in media with non-uniform density. The results indicate that attenuation- and scatter-corrected cardiac studies are not significantly influenced by the truncation of dorso-lateral region of the patient in the transmission projections, even if the patient is extremely large.
Virtual environments for internet-based robots. I. Modeling a dynamic environment (2003)

In the context of using virtual environments (VEs) in Internet-based teleoperation, this paper addresses the issue of parameter acquisition for single-image-based modeling of VEs. By studying the properties of basic three-dimensional features such as point sets and edge corners, a parameter-searching method was developed that employs virtual objects as feature-matching templates. This approach is particularly valuable if the environment is subject to unpredictable change.
Component framework supporting inter-company cooperation (1999)

The Internet has created a tremendous opportunity to conduct business electronically. Innovative business concepts, like virtual enterprises, supply chain management, or one-to-one marketing, as well as advanced competitive strategies encompassing these business concepts, like mass customization, may be followed-up much more efficiently. However, competitive strategies like mass customization require sophisticated information infrastructures to support the indispensable business to business electronic commerce-even for small and medium enterprises taking part in a virtual enterprise that pursues mass customization. Especially electronic data interchange (EDI), which is understood as a means to exchange business data, is crucial to set up and maintain virtual enterprises. Thus, there is high demand on inexpensive and easily employable software that allows platform-independent exchange of business data between companies. We present an approach to a component (application) framework that aims to achieve this goal. By using the extensible markup language (XML) as an important cross-platform technique, together with common business communication standards, we show how the border of heterogeneous (distributed) application systems can be overcome. With this, the business communication protocol is set up. Taking this protocol as a basis, we further present a component framework, which is implemented using the JavaBeans technology that supports efficient inter-company communication. In addition, we show how this approach may further develop to a means for inter-company coordination.
Changes in headache frequency in premenopausal obese women with migraine after bariatric surgery: A case series (2011)

Among migraine-suffering premenopausal obese women, we found a reduced frequency of migraine attacks and improvement of headache-related disability post bariatric surgery. Our findings should be interpreted cautiously. The absence of a control group and the non-blinded nature of our small study make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the causal nature of the headache changes observed in this population. Further study is needed to evaluate the possible specific effects of surgical weight loss on migraine in obese women.