gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
p21rac does not participate in the early interaction between p47-phox and cytochrome b558 that leads to phagocyte NADPH oxidase activation in vitro (1994)

The phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent, membrane-bound electron transport chain, consists of cytochrome b558, p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac1 or p21rac2. The mechanisms of oxidase assembly are poorly understood. In previous studies using a cell-free NADPH oxidase system, we showed that preincubation of neutrophil membrane with neutrophil cytosol containing p47-phox, but not p67-phox, led to formation of a long-lived NADPH oxidase intermediate. This suggested that p47-phox interacted with cytochrome b558 in the early stages of oxidase assembly while p67-phox participated in a later stage. Peptides containing the sequence RGVHFIF (corresponding to amino acids 559-565 of the 91-kDa subunit of cytochrome b558) inhibit NADPH oxidase activity by blocking the early interaction between p47-phox and cytochrome b558. In the present study, we examined whether p21rac facilitated the interaction between p47-phox and cytochrome b558. We preincubated pure recombinant p47-phox with neutrophil membrane containing cytochrome b558 in the cell-free system. Superoxide-generating activity was subsequently reconstituted by adding pure rp67-phox and partially purified p21rac. RGVHFIF inhibited superoxide production if added to the cell-free system during preincubation of rp47-phox with membrane. RGVHFIF was markedly less inhibitory if added to the cell-free system after membrane was preincubated with pure rp47-phox. In contrast to p47-phox, preincubation of membrane with either p21rac or rp67-phox conferred no protection from inhibition of superoxide-generating activity by RGVHFIF added after preincubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydrocarbon Synthesis via Photoenzymatic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids (2019)

A recently discovered photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A ( CvFAP) bears the promise for the efficient and selective synthesis of hydrocarbons from carboxylic acids. CvFAP, however, exhibits a clear preference for long-chain fatty acids thereby limiting its broad applicability. In this contribution, we demonstrate that the decoy molecule approach enables conversion of a broad range of carboxylic acids by filling up the vacant substrate access channel of the photodecarboxylase. These results not only demonstrate a practical application of a unique, photoactivated enzyme but also pave the way to selective production of short-chain alkanes from waste carboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions.
Automated software test data generation for complex programs (2002)

We report on GADGET, a new software test generation system that uses combinatorial optimization to obtain condition/decision coverage of C/C++ programs. The GADGET system is fully automatic and supports all C/C++ language constructs. This allows us to generate tests for programs more complex than those previously reported in the literature. We address a number of issues that are encountered when automatically generating tests for complex software systems. These issues have not been discussed in earlier work on test-data generation, which concentrates on small programs (most often single functions) written in restricted programming languages.
Millimetre-wave active probe frequency-multiplier for on-wafer characterisation of GaAs devices and ICs (1989)

A millimetre-wave active probe quintupler with an output frequency range of 60 to 100 GHz has been developed. The frequency multiplier circuit was implemented in a coplanar waveguide. Using this probe along with the electro-optic sampling technique, on-wafer millimetre-wave vector measurement up to 100 GHz and time-waveform measurement at 77 GHz of test structures on a GaAs substrate have been demonstrated.
Interfacing UNIX to Data Communications Networks (1985)

We propose an interface for use from within UNIX1 user programs for communicating over multiple and varied local and wide area networks. This interface aids the design of a distributed application program by hiding the actual communications protocols used over each network, and providing instead simple primitives for sending and receiving (possibly large) datagrams, using a simple standardized network addressing scheme based on a <host number, port number> pair.
Blockchain-based sharing services: What blockchain technology can contribute to smart cities (2016)

The notion of smart city has grown popular over the past few years. It embraces several dimensions depending on the meaning of the word “smart” and benefits from innovative applications of new kinds of information and communications technology to support communal sharing. By relying on prior literature, this paper proposes a conceptual framework with three dimensions: (1) human, (2) technology, and (3) organization, and explores a set of fundamental factors that make a city smart from a sharing economy perspective. Using this triangle framework, we discuss what emerging blockchain technology may contribute to these factors and how its elements can help smart cities develop sharing services. This study discusses how blockchain-based sharing services can contribute to smart cities based on a conceptual framework. We hope it can stimulate interest in theory and practice to foster discussions in this area.
Aza-Peptide Epoxides:  A New Class of Inhibitors Selective for Clan CD Cysteine Proteases (2002)

Aza-peptide epoxides, a new class of irreversible protease inhibitors, are specific for the clan CD cysteine proteases. The inhibitors have second-order rate constants up to 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), with the most potent epoxides having the S,S stereochemistry. The aza-Asn derivatives are effective legumain inhibitors, while the aza-Asp epoxides were specific for caspases. The inhibitors have little or no inhibition with other proteases such as chymotrypsin, papain, or cathepsin B.
[Study on the compliance and economic cost of rabies vaccination]. (2010)

The Zagreb regimen should be recommended in order to simplify the vaccine administration, to increase compliance and to reduce rabies vaccination cost.
The “CO<sub>2</sub>Tool”: CO<sub>2</sub>emissions & energy consumption of existing & breakthrough steelmaking routes (2009)

An important task in the structure of the ULCOS program has been to provide a fair and homogeneous comparison among the elements of the initial and the short lists of processes, which are candidates to become the ultimate ULCOS, carbon-lean breakthrough steel production processes of the future. Eventually, that information is being used to provide the rationale for moving forward in the selection of the future best technologies. The CO<sub>2<sub/> tool, developed within SP9, the subproject devoted to measuring the sustainability of the proposed ULCOS processes, is one of the key tools worked out but also used to carry out this essential part of the ULCOS program. The CO<sub>2<sub/> tool is a mass and energy balance model of a complete steel mill, i.e. a steel mill simulator, which focuses on estimating energy consumption and GHG emissions of a hot mill site. It applies a standard analysis to all the process routes proposed in the course of the ULCOS program, by normalizing the size of the site (4 Mt/y), the nature of the raw materials it uses, the scrap input in the steel shop and a number of other parameters. The tool is fed by process data of the various plants lined up in the steel mil, which have been generated by more detailed models and also arise from experimental data, when they are available. The tool is meant to feed a further tool that compares the production and Abstracts of technical articles investment costs in various scenarios extending until 2050, with a series of mild to strong carbon constraints. The structure of the tool as well as the results it brought about are presented here. The major conclusion is that several solutions offer the possibility to cut steel mill emission by more than 50% compared to the baseline “best technology” steel mill, provided that breakthrough solutions are taken into account, based on the uncoupling of energy savings and CO<sub>2<sub/> mitigation targets.
Design and Implementation of Readout Circuit on Glass Substrate for Touch Panel Applications (2010)

A readout circuit on glass substrate for touch panel application has been designed and fabricated in a 3- low temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) technology. In this work, the switch-capacitor (SC) technique is applied to amplify the small voltage difference from capacitance change due to the touch event on panel. In addition, the corrected double-sampling (CDS) technique is also employed to reduce the offset originated from LTPS process variation. The minimum detectable voltage difference of the proposed circuit is 40 mV. To further identify the different touch area during touch events, a 4-bit analog-to-digital converter is used to converter the output of readout circuit into 4-bit digital codes.
Determination of Gas Well Deliverability of Vertically Fractured Wells (1976)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers Inc. Abstract The applicability of commonly accepted radial flow solutions to estimate deliverability of vertically fractured gas wells was examined. Synthetic deliverability data (isochronal and flow after flow) were generated using a two-dimensional single-phase gas simulator. The effect of fracture length and pressure level and PVT data was investigated. Flow-after-flow data PVT data was investigated. Flow-after-flow data also were used to investigate the application of the Odeh-Jones method for analyzing variable rate drawdown data to determine formation permeability and skin factor (fracture length) permeability and skin factor (fracture length) for a vertically fractured gas well. It is shown in this study that conventional methods of predicting deliverability from short-time isochronal and flow-after-flow tests will lead to calculation of erroneous values of absolute open flow (AOF) than that which would be obtained from long-time flow tests. Depending on specific conditions, these errors can be either lower or higher than actual values. It is also shown that flow exponents different from unity can be obtained from short time flow tests even though laminar flow prevails. This result is a consequence of prevails. This result is a consequence of changing flow regimes that result due to the vertical fracture. This study also indicates that if the Odeh-Jones method of analysis is used, then data obtained for analysis should correspond to the pseudo radial flow period. If early data where linear flow controls pressure behavior are used, then erroneous results will be obtained. Introduction Gas well deliverability tests are multipoint tests consisting of three or more flows with pressures, rates, and other data being recorded as a function of time. These tests are usually required by state regulatory agencies for proration purposes and to obtain an allowable. In addition, these tests can provide information for reservoir and provide information for reservoir and production engineering studies. production engineering studies. Basically there are two different types of deliverability tests:flow-after-flow tests andisochronal tests. Both of these are very well documented in the literature. Gas deliverability is often determined by use of the empirical equation: ......................(1)
Single-Event Upset (SEU) in a Dram with On-Chip Error Correction (1987)

The results are given of the first SEU measurements ever reported on IC devices with on-chip error correction. This method of SEU abatement could revolutionize the design of SEU-immune electronic systems.
Fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and myofascial pain (1996)

The prevalence of fibromyalgia in the general population was found to be 2% and increased with age. Multiple traumatic factors, including sexual and physical abuse, may be important initiating events. The most important pathophysiologic studies in fibromyalgia included evidence of altered blood flow to the brain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction. The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome is much less than that of fibromyalgia. Epidemiologic studies demonstrated that chronic fatigue and symptoms of fibromyalgia are distributed as continuous variables in the general population. No association between chronic fatigue and initial infections was seen in primary care practices.
Wheezing Rhinovirus Illnesses in Early Life Predict Asthma Development in High-Risk Children (2008)

Among outpatient viral wheezing illnesses in infancy and early childhood, those caused by RV infections are the most significant predictors of the subsequent development of asthma at age 6 years in a high-risk birth cohort.
Evidence for Resonant Tunneling of Electrons via Sodium Ions in Silicon Dioxide (1985)

Metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistors (MOSFET's) were fabricated with ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ ions in the gate oxide. Large peaks in the tunneling conductivity through the oxide were observed which are interpreted as resonant tunneling of electrons through localized ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ impurities. It was demonstrated that the tunneling current was spatially localized. The temperature dependence of several peaks was measured and found to be consistent with a simple model for resonant tunneling through localized states. The position of the state in the direction of tunneling can be determined from the temperature dependence.
A Model and Infrastructure for Federated Learning Content Repositories (2005)

In order to assist in the discovery and access of learning content from the diverse, extant collection of content repositories, we are developing a reference model that describes how to build an interoperable repository infrastructure through the creation of federations of repositories. Such federations provide a single point of discovery and access. They collect the metadata from the contributing repositories into a central registry. The CORDRA activities surrounding this work include development of a model of federated repositories, their behavior, services and interfaces, defined through a reference model. This reference model is a profile of a collection of open interoperability specifications detailing the characteristics and behavior of the federation. Individual communities of practice may then implement their own federation, with their own technology choices and policy and business rules, following the overall model, but tailoring it to their needs. The project also aims to build an operational infrastructure that will include a master federation of federations.
Characterizing Vadose Zone Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Using Carbon Dioxide Effluxes, Isotopes, and Reactive Transport Modeling (2012)

Naturally occurring biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds may offer a sustainable management option at contaminated sites. However, a sound understanding of contaminant mass loss rates is required to enable estimation of source zone longevity, serving to alleviate public concerns and inform decision makers. Under some conditions, surficial CO 2 efflux measurements can be useful to delineate petroleum hydrocarbon containing source zones, and to provide estimates of depth‐integrated vadose zone hydrocarbon degradation rates. However, the accuracy of degradation rate estimates is limited by our ability to separate CO 2 effluxes associated with contaminant decomposition from those attributable to naturally occurring soil respiration. To understand CO 2 sources and transport processes within the vadose zone, this work combines measurement of surficial CO 2 effluxes with detailed analysis of soil gas composition– including the radiocarbon and stable isotopic composition of CO 2 . Quantitative reactive transport modeling allows further evaluation of controls on CO 2 generation and fate, and CH 4 generation and oxidation. Results confirm that, in the source zone at the Bemidji site, the majority of CO 2 originates from degradation of the oil body. In addition, radiocarbon in CO 2 proves particularly useful in determining the contribution of contaminant degradation to the measured CO 2 efflux.
A Smart Health Monitoring Chair for Nonintrusive Measurement of Biological Signals (2011)

We developed nonintrusive methods for simultaneous electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram, and ballistocardiogram measurements that do not require direct contact between instruments and bare skin. These methods were applied to the design of a diagnostic chair for unconstrained heart rate and blood pressure monitoring purposes. Our methods were operationalized through capacitively coupled electrodes installed in the chair back that include high-input impedance amplifiers, and conductive textiles installed in the seat for capacitive driven-right-leg circuit configuration that is capable of recording electrocardiogram information through clothing. Photoplethysmograms were measured through clothing using seat mounted sensors with specially designed amplifier circuits that vary in light intensity according to clothing type. Ballistocardiograms were recorded using a film type transducer material, polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), which was installed beneath the seat cover. By simultaneously measuring signals, beat-to-beat heart rates could be monitored even when electrocardiograms were not recorded due to movement artifacts. Beat-to-beat blood pressure was also monitored using unconstrained measurements of pulse arrival time and other physiological parameters, and our experimental results indicated that the estimated blood pressure tended to coincide with actual blood pressure measurements. This study demonstrates the feasibility of our method and device for biological signal monitoring through clothing for unconstrained long-term daily health monitoring that does not require user awareness and is not limited by physical activity.
MiR-137 Targets Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha and Impairs the Proliferative and Migratory Capacity of Breast Cancer Cells (2012)

ERRα is an orphan nuclear receptor emerging as a novel biomarker of breast cancer. Over-expression of ERRα in breast tumor is considered as a prognostic factor of poor clinical outcome. The mechanisms underlying the dysexpression of this nuclear receptor, however, are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play important roles in tumor initiation and progression. In the present study, we have identified that the expression of ERRα is regulated by miR-137, a potential tumor suppressor microRNA. The bioinformatics search revealed two putative and highly conserved target-sites for miR-137 located within the ERRα 3'UTR at nt 480-486 and nt 596-602 respectively. Luciferase-reporter assay demonstrated that the two predicted target sites were authentically functional. They mediated the repression of reporter gene expression induced by miR-137 in an additive manner. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-137 down-regulated ERRα expression at both protein level and mRNA level, and the miR-137 induced ERRα-knockdown contributed to the impaired proliferative and migratory capacity of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, transfection with miR-137 mimics suppressed at least two downstream target genes of ERRα-CCNE1 and WNT11, which are important effectors of ERRα implicated in tumor proliferation and migration. Taken together, our results establish a role of miR-137 in negatively regulating ERRα expression and breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. They suggest that manipulating the expression level of ERRα by microRNAs has the potential to influence breast cancer progression.
Mutation I136V Alters Electrophysiological Properties of the Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 Channel in a Family with Onset of Erythromelalgia in the Second Decade (2008)

The I136V substitution in Na(v)1.7 alters channel gating and kinetic properties. Each of these changes may contribute to increased excitability of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons, which underlies pain in erythromelalgia. The smaller shift in voltage-dependence of activation of Na(v)1.7, compared to the other reported cases of inherited erythromelalgia, may contribute to the later age of onset and slower progression of the symptoms reported in association with this mutation.
Heteroepitaxial growth of InP directly on Si by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1987)

Heteroepitaxial growth of InP on Si by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is reported. The trimethylindium-trimethylphosphine adduct was used as the In source in this study and PH3 as the source of P. From x-ray and scanning electron microscopy examinations, good crystallinity InP epilayers with mirrorlike surfaces can be grown directly on (100) and (111) Si substrates. The carrier concentration profile shows that the carrier distribution in the InP epilayer is very uniform. The efficient photoluminescence compared with that of InP homoepitaxy shows that the InP/Si epilayers are of good quality.
Comparison between particle filter approach and Kalman filter-based technique for head tracking in augmented reality systems (2004)

The major problem with augmented reality (AR) systems using see-through head mounted displays (HMD's) is the end-to-end system delay (or latency). This delay exists because the head tracker, scene generator, and communication links require time to perform their tasks, causing a lag between the measurement of head location and the display of the corresponding virtual objects inside the HMD. One way to eliminate or reduce the latency is to predict future head locations. We propose to use optimal Bayesian algorithms for non-linear/non-Gaussian tracking problems, with a focus on particle filters to predict head motion. Particle filters are sequential Monte Carlo methods based upon point mass (or 'particle') representation of probability densities, which can applied to any state space model, and which generalize the traditional Kalman filtering methods. A SIR particle filter is discussed and compared with the standard EKF through an illustrative example.
Threshold I/sup 2/L and its applications to binary symmetric functions and multivalued logic (1977)

I/SUP 2/L threshold gate using current mirrors providing weighting of inputs, summation, and comparison with a threshold is described and its practical realization is discussed. Application to binary symmetric functions shows significant area savings over standard I/SUP 2/L implementation. A complete multivalued logic family, using a four-level I/SUP 2/L threshold logic technique is introduced.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CO2 SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGIES TASK 4, BIOMASS GASIFICATION-BASED PROCESSING (2002)

Biomass derived energy currently accounts for about 3 quads of total primary energy use in the United States. Of this amount, about 0.8 quads are used for power generation. Several biomass energy production technologies exist today which contribute to this energy mix. Biomass combustion technologies have been the dominant source of biomass energy production, both historically and during the past two decades of expansion of modern biomass energy in the U. S. and Europe. As a research and development activity, biomass gasification has usually been the major emphasis as a method of more efficiently utilizing the energy potential of biomass, particularly wood. Numerous biomass gasification technologies exist today in various stages of development. Some are simple systems, while others employ a high degree of integration for maximum energy utilization. The purpose of this study is to conduct a technical and economic comparison of up to three biomass gasification technologies, including the carbon dioxide emissions reduction potential of each. To accomplish this, a literature search was first conducted to determine which technologies were most promising based on a specific set of criteria. The technical and economic performances of the selected processes were evaluated using computer models and available literature. Using these results, the carbon sequestration potential of the three technologies was then evaluated. The results of these evaluations are given in this final report.