gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
물질주의와 인간관계 경시의 심리적 원인 (2012)

높은 물질주의가 행복과 인간관계에 미치는 부정적 영향에 대한 많은 연구들이 이루어 진 바 있다. 하지만 정작 물질주의의 발생 원인에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서 주목한 하나의 가능성은 낮은 수준의 일반적 신뢰이다. 타인에 대한 신뢰가 낮으면 인간관계의 중요성을 평가절하 하는 대신 물질을 중시 할 것이라는 가설을 세 연구를 통해 살펴보았다. 예상대로 ``세상에 믿을 사람 하나 없다``는 믿음이 강한 사람일수록 물질을 중시하고 인간관계를 경시하였고(연구 1), 친구와 함께하는 즐거움을 낮게 평정하였다(연구 2). 연구 3에서는 점화를 통해 낮은 수준의 일반적 신뢰가 인간관계 대비 물질의 가치를 높인다는 것을 확인하였다. 양질의 사회적 관계가 행복과 건강에 핵심적 요소이며 물질주의는 이들에 악영향을 미친다는 것을 고려하면, 본 연구의 결과는 낮은 일반적 신뢰가 개인의 삶의 질에 있어서도 중요한 영향을 미칠 가능성을 시사한다.
Concentration characteristics of bovine β‐defensin 1 and 2 in fresh bovine milk and infant formula (2015)

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of defensins BNBD‐1 and BNBD‐2 in fresh bovine milk and infant formula, and to compare the defensin concentrations of bovine milk and human milk. Abundant BNBD‐1 and BNBD‐2 was found in fresh bovine colostrum. However, compared to fresh bovine milk, BNBD‐1 and BNBD‐2 concentrations in infant formula were very low. The BNBDs concentration ranges were also less than β‐defensins in human milk. The BNBD‐2 concentration in fresh bovine milk was higher than that of BNBD‐1.
Femtosecond pulse shaping using a two-dimensional liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (2007)

We introduce a programmable, high-rate scanning femtosecond pulse shaper based on a two-dimensional liquid crystal on a silicon spatial light modulator (SLM). While horizontal resolution of 1920 addressable pixels provides superior fidelity for generating complex waveforms, scanning across the vertical dimension (1080 pixels) has been used to facilitate at least 3 orders of magnitude speed increase as compared with typical liquid-crystal SLM-based pulse shapers. An update rate in excess of 100 kHz is demonstrated.
Role of the Ca2+-Sensing Receptor in Divalent Mineral Ion Homeostasis (1997)

The divalent mineral cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ play many and diverse roles both in the function of cells and in extracellular processes. The metabolism of these cations is a complex process involving the coordinated function of several organ systems and endocrine glands. A recently cloned G-protein-coupled receptor responds to extracellular calcium concentration (Ca2+0-sensing receptor, CaSR) and mediates several of the known effects of Ca2+0 on parathyroid and renal function. The CaSR, which is also expressed in a number of other tissues including thyroidal C-cells, brain and gastrointestinal tract, may function as a Ca2+0 sensor in these tissues as well. Thus, Ca2+0 is a first messenger (or hormone) which, via CaSR-mediated activation of second messenger systems (e.g. phospholipases C and A2, cyclic AMP) leads to altered function of these cells. Several mutations in the human CaSR gene have been identified and shown to cause three inherited diseases of calcium homeostasis, clearly implicating the CaSR as an important component of the homeostatic mechanism for divalent mineral ions. Ca2+ and Mg2+ losses from the body are regulated by altering the urinary excretion of these divalent cations. The localization of the CaSR transcripts and protein in the kidney not only provides a basis for a direct Ca2+0 (or Mg2+0)-mediated regulation of Ca2+ (and Mg2+) excretion but also suggests a functional link between divalent mineral and water metabolism. In the kidney, the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL) plays crucial roles in regulating both divalent mineral reabsorption and urine concentration. Recent studies have suggested models whereby extracellular Ca2+, via the CaSR expressed in the TAL as well as in the collecting duct system, modulates both Ca2+ 0 and Mg2+ 0 as well as water reabsorbtion. When taken together, these studies suggest that the CaSR not only provides the primary mechanism for Ca2+ 0-mediated regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion from parathyroid glands but also for direct modulation of renal divalent mineral excretion and urinary concentrating ability. These latter functions may furnish a mechanism for integrating and balancing water and divalent cation losses that minimizes the risk of urinary tract stone formation. This mechanism can explain hypercalcemia-mediated polyuria (diabetes insipidus).
Expression analysis of four flower-specific promoters of Brassica spp. in the heterogeneous host tobacco (2009)

The 5’-flanking region of ca. 1200 bp upstream of the translation start site (TSS) of a putative cell wall protein gene was cloned from Brassica campestris, B. chinensis, B. napus and B. oleracea, and transferred to tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediation after fused to promoter-less beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Histochemical GUS staining and fluorometric quantification of the transgenic tobacco showed that all four promoters conferred GUS expression in petal, anther, pollen and stigma of the flower, not in any vegetative organs or tissues of the plants. A series of 5’-end deletion of the promoter from B. napus disclosed that the region -104 to -17 relative to TSS was sufficient to confer flower-specific expression, and the region -181 to -161 played a key role in maintaining strong driving power of the promoter. Besides, several enhancer and suppressor regions were also identified in the promoter.
The Effects of Layer Properties on Shear Disturbance Propagation in Skin (1991)

The effects of the stratum corneum and dermis on shear wave propagation along the skin surface was investigated using a mathematical model. The skin was modeled as two distinct viscoelastic layers, one representing the stratum corneum and the other representing the dermis. The layers were supported by a semi-infinite visco-elastic half-space representing the subcutaneous fat. Physical and mechanical properties of the materials in the model were determined from the literature and from our own experimental measurements. Although the stratum corneum is very thin (12-15 microns), results showed that it could have a strong effect on the wave propagation due to its high stiffness relative to the dermis. Results of the analysis are discussed with respect to an experimental procedure used to determine age-related changes in mechanical properties of skin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Carbohydroximoyl Azides. Part 2. 4‐Substituted 1,2,5‐Oxadiazole‐3‐carbohydroximoyl Azides and 1‐Hydroxy‐5‐(4‐R‐1,2,5‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)tetrazoles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis For Digital Signal Processors (2000)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
The Effect of Particle Size on the Electrical Conductivity of CuCl    ( Al2 O 3 )  Composites (1984)

The conductivity of CuCl containing Al2O3 of 0.06, 0.3, 1, 3, 8, and 15 micron sized particles was measured between 25 and 390 C. Conductivity was enhanced for the 0.06 and 0.3 sized Al2O3 particles for temperatures below approximately 250 C. The maximum enhancement occurred at 10 m/o of 0.06 micron Al2O3 at 25 C. Uncertain degrees of agglomeration as well as the grain size of the matrix were found to be significant.
Consistent melanophore spot patterns allow long‐term individual recognition of Atlantic salmon <scp><i>Salmo salar</i></scp> (2017)

The present study shows that permanent melanophore spot patterns in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar make it possible to use images of the operculum to keep track of individual fish over extended periods of their life history. Post-smolt S. salar (n = 246) were initially photographed at an average mass of 98 g and again 10 months later after rearing in a sea cage, at an average mass of 3088 g. Spots that were present initially remained and were the most overt (largest) 10 months later, while new and less overt spots had developed. Visual recognition of spot size and position showed that fish with at least four initial spots were relatively easy to identify, while identifying fish with less than four spots could be challenging. An automatic image analysis method was developed and shows potential for fast match processing of large numbers of fish. The current findings promote visual recognition of opercular spots as a welfare-friendly alternative to tagging in experiments involving salmonid fishes.
Aft1p and Aft2p Mediate Iron-responsive Gene Expression in Yeast through Related Promoter Elements (2003)

The transcription factors Aft1p and Aft2p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulate the expression of genes that are involved in iron homeostasis. In vitro studies have shown that both transcription factors bind to an iron-responsive element (FeRE) that is present in the upstream region of genes in the iron regulon. We have used DNA microarrays to distinguish the genes that are activated by Aft1p and Aft2p and to establish for the first time that each factor gives rise to a unique transcriptional profile due to the differential expression of individual iron-regulated genes. We also show that both Aft1p and Aft2p mediate the in vivo expression of FET3 and FIT3 through a consensus FeRE. In addition, both proteins regulate MRS4 via a variant FeRE with Aft2p being the stronger activator from this particular element. Like other paralogous pairs of transcription factors within S. cerevisiae, Aft1p and Aft2p are able to interact with the same promoter elements while maintaining specificity of gene activation.
Photolysis and Thermolysis of Quinolyl and Isoquinolyl Azides in Ethanethiol (1984)

3-Quinolyl azides ( 2 , upon either irradiation or heating in ethanethiol, gave 3-amino-4-ethylthioquinolines (%I, presumably y & a radical process.Similarly, 4-isoquinolyl azides (12) gave 3-ethylthio-( 12) and/or 1-ethylthio-4-aminoisaquinolines (12), and 8-quinolyl azide (17) gave 7-ethylthio-( 18) and 5-ethylthio-8-aminoquinoline
Dark Rate of the STIS NUV Detector (2011)

<i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> has been widely used in industry for fermentation purposes. However, it is also associated with the spoilage of foods and beverages, in particular, beer. There is an increasing demand for natural food preservation methods, and in this context, bacteriophages possess the potential to control such spoilage bacteria. Just a few studies on phages infecting <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> have been performed to date and in the present study, we report the isolation and characterization of five virulent phages capable of infecting <i>Lb. brevis</i> strains. The analysis reveals a high diversity among the isolates, with members belonging to both, the <i>Myoviridae</i> and <i>Siphoviridae</i> families. One isolate, designated phage 3-521, possesses a genome of 140.8 kb, thus representing the largest <i>Lb. brevis</i> phage genome sequenced to date. While the isolated phages do not propagate on <i>Lb. brevis</i> beer-spoiling strains, phages showed activity against these strains, impairing the growth of some <i>Lb. brevis</i> strains. The results highlight the potential of bacteriophage-based treatments as an effective approach to prevent bacterial spoilage of beer.
Sensitive and Specific Phenotypic Assay for Metallo-β-Lactamase Detection in Enterobacteria by Use of a Moxalactam Disk Supplemented with EDTA (2011)

Moxalactam is highly hydrolyzed by plasmid-mediated metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), whereas it is poorly inactivated by serine-active carbapenemases. This study demonstrated that moxalactam resistance constituted an effective screen for MBL expression in enterobacteria, which could be confirmed, even in low-MBL-producing isolates, by a disk potentiation test using moxalactam and EDTA.
Model-Based Approaches for Validating Business Critical Systems (2005)

Developing a business critical system can involve considerable difficulties. This paper describes part of a new methodology that tackles this problem using co-evolution of models and prototypes to strengthen the relationship between modelling and testing. We illustrate how different modelling frameworks, Promela/SPIN and B/ProB/AtellerB, can be used to implement this idea. As a way to reinforce integration between modelling and testing we use model-based tests and trace-driven model checking. As a result we were able to anticipate problems and guide the development of our software in a safer way, increasing our understanding of the system and its reliability.
Constitution of the dibenzofuran, ψ-rhodomyrtoxin, isolated from Rhodomyrtus macrocarpa benth. (1969)

The constitution (IXa) has been established for ψ-rhodomyrtoxin which was isolated from the fruit of the Australian finger cherry, Rhodomyrtus macrocarpa. ψ-Rhodomyrtoxin is a dibenzofuran associated with a 2-methylbutyryl and an isovaleryl residue.
Porosity and Spall Fracture of Shock Loaded Metals, (1976)

Common to encouters between warhead and armor at extremes of strength and ductility is an interplay between plastic flow and fracture (failure) of the interacting materials. The optimum effectiveness of either a penetrating device or armor is dictated by controlling this interplay. A mechanism for shock fracture has been delineated covering the material reactions from the sub-microscopic to the macroscopic scale, showing how the various observed phenomena are related. A simple shock stress criterion is not sufficient to describe fracture. Combinations of stress and time are required for creation, migration and condensation of vacancies to produce pores which produce fracture nucleation cites. Vacancies are created during the compressive cycle but more are required for producing fracture. These come from the interaction of dislocations in the micro-cell walls during the tensile shock phase of the cycle. It is now possible to calculate energies required to produce failure, migration speeds of vacancies and to arrive at a quantitative description of the process based on cell-sizes, vacancy energetics and effective stress results. This is being done to provide shock fracture criteria. The average size of spall fragments should be predictable based on studies of dislocation cells in metals subjected to compressive shocks and basic data on vacancy migration in the metal.
Should we name and shame recovering paedophiles (2015)

Support has been building in Australia for child sex offender registries to be made public. This system would allow the public to check an online database and see where convicted paedophiles are living at any given time.
In Situ Synthesis of Polypyrrole-γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Fly Ash Nanocomposites for Protection against EMI Pollution (2014)

The present paper reports utilization of an industrial byproduct fly ash for potential application by designing nanostick shaped polypyrrole composites decorated with γ-Fe2O3 and fly ash particles via in situ emulsion polymerization. The structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic shielding properties of the composites with varying loading of γ-Fe2O3 and fly ash particles have been investigated. The result indicates that these properties can be optimized by modulating the concentration of the constituents in a polymer matrix. Polypyrrole-γ-Fe2O3-fly ash nanocomposites have a superparamagnetic nature with an Ms value of 13.55 emu/g, electrical conductivity of the order of 10–2 S/cm, and a maximum SE due to absorption (SEA(max)) being ca. 17.4 dB. The overall shielding effectiveness (SE = SEA + SER) up to 25.5 dB (∼99.7% attenuation) has been recorded for polypyrrole nanocomposites having pyrrole, γ-Fe2O3, and fly ash in a 1:1:0.5 wt. ratio in the frequency range of 12.4–18 GHz (Ku-band).
Thromboxane A2 Receptors in Prostate Carcinoma: Expression and Its Role in Regulating Cell Motility via Small GTPase Rho (2008)

Thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) is a prostanoid formed by thromboxane synthase using the cyclooxygenase product prostaglandin H(2) as the substrate. Previously, increased expression of thromboxane synthase was found in prostate tumors, and tumor cell motility was attenuated by inhibitors of thromboxane synthase. This study was undertaken to elucidate how tumor motility is regulated by TxA(2). Here, we report that human prostate cancer cells express functional receptors for TxA(2) (TP). Ligand binding assay found that PC-3 cells binded to SQ29548, a high-affinity TP antagonist, in a saturable manner with K(d) of 3.64 nmol/L and B(max) of 120.4 fmol per million cells. Treatment of PC-3 cells by U46619, a TP agonist, induced PC-3 cell contraction, which was blocked by pretreatment with the TP antagonist SQ29548 or pinane TxA(2). The migration of prostate cancer cells was significantly inhibited either by sustained activation of TP or by blockade of TP activation, suggesting that TP activation must be tightly controlled during cell migration. Further studies found that small GTPase RhoA was activated by TP activation, and pretreatment of PC-3 cells with Y27632, a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, blocked U46619-induced cell contraction. A dominant-negative mutant of RhoA also blocked U46619-induced cell contraction. Taken together, the data suggest that TPs are expressed in prostate cancer and activation of TPs regulates prostate cancer cell motility and cytoskeleton reorganization through activation of Rho.
Fast Neutron Mutagenesis of Soybean (<I>Glycine soja</I> L.) Produces a Supernodulating Mutant Containing a Large Deletion in Linkage Group H (2002)

We describe for the first time the application of fast neutron mutagenesis to the genetic dissection of root nodulation in legumes. We demonstrate the utility of chromosomal deletion mutations through production of a soybean supernodulation mutant FN37 that lacks the internal autoregulation of nodulation mechanism. After inoculation with microsymbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum, FN37 forms at least 10 times more nodules than the wild type G. soja parent and has a phenotype identical to that of chemically induced allelic mutants nts382 and nts1007 (NTS-1 locus). Reciprocal grafting of shoots and roots confirmed systemic shoot control of the FN37 nodulation phenotype. RFLP/PCR marker pUTG132a and AFLP marker UQC-IS1 which are tightly linked to NTS-1 allowed the isolation of BAC contigs delineating both ends of the deletion. The genetic/physical distance ratio in the NTS-1 region is 279 kb/cM. The deletion is estimated to be about 460 kb based on the absence of markers and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) ends as well as genetic and physical mapping. Deletion break points were determined physically and placed within flanking BAC contigs.
A Review of the Effects of Breastfeeding on Respiratory Infections, Atopy, and Childhood Asthma (2004)

The etiology of childhood asthma is not fully understood. Early exposure to certain respiratory infections may be protective for atopy and/or asthma whereas some infections have been suggested to exert the opposite effects. Wheezing lower respiratory illness (LRI) in the first year of life and atopy are independently associated with increased risk for current asthma in childhood and their effects are mediated via different causal pathways. These risk factors are multiplicative when they operate concommitantly within individual children. Exclusive breastfeeding protects against asthma via effects on both these pathways, as well as through other as yet undefined mechanisms. Furthermore, exclusive breastfeeding may protect against asthma and may reduce the incidence of lower respiratory illness, especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We have previously demonstrated a protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding on asthmatic traits in children. The aim of this review was to clarify this protective association from intermediate associations with respiratory infections, atopy, or through other facets of breastfeeding. The bioactivity of breast milk and subsequent pathways that may act upon the development of asthma in children are explored.
The voice source as a causal/anticausal linear filter (2003)

A new type of glottal flow model, namely a causalanticausal linear filter model, is proposed. It is shown that the glottal flow signal can be considered as the impulse response of a linear filter. Then the source/filter speech model can be interpreted as an excitation/filter speech model, the “filter” comprising the glottal flow, vocal tract and radiation components. The spectral features of the voice source models are reviewed, both in the amplitude and phase domains. In the spectral amplitude domain the main features are a spectral maximum (the “glottal formant”) and spectral tilt. Evidence for a mixed causal/anticausal phase behavior of the source is given. Then, a causal-anticausal linear filter voice source model is designed. In conclusion, applications of this new approach are discussed for voice quality modification, voice source estimation, voice quality perception. 1.
Editing DNA replication and recombination by mismatch repair: from bacterial genetics to mechanisms of predisposition to cancer in humans (1995)

A hereditary form of colon cancer, hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), is characterized by high instability of short repeated sequences known as microsatellites. Because the genes controlling microsatellite stability were known in bacteria and yeast, as was their evolutionary conservation, the search for human genes responsible for HNPCC became a 'targeted' search for known sequences. Mismatch-repair deficiency in bacteria and yeast produces multiple phenotypes as a result of its dual involvement in the editing of both replication errors and recombination intermediates. In addition, mismatch-repair functions are specialized in eukaryotes, characterized by specific mitotic (versus meiotic) functions, and nuclear (versus mitochondrial) localization. Given the number of phenotypes observed so far, we predict other links between mismatch-repair deficiency and human genetic disorders. For example, a similar type of sequence instability has been found in HNPCC tumours and in a number of neuro-muscular genetic disorders. Several human mitochondrial disorders display genomic instabilities reminiscent of yeast mitochondrial mismatch-repair mutants. In general, the process of mismatch repair is responsible for the constant maintenance of genome stability and its faithful transmission from one generation to the next. However, without genetic alteration, species would not be able to adapt to changing environments. It appears that nature has developed both negative and positive controls for genetic diversity. In bacteria, for example, an inducible system (sos) exists which generates genetic alterations in response to environmental stress (e.g. radiation, chemicals, starvation). Hence, the cost of generating diversity to adapt to changing conditions might be paid as sporadic gene alterations associated with disease.
5-Methylcytosine is not detectable in Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. (1984)

We examined the DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by both HpaII-MspI restriction enzyme digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis for the possible presence of 5-methylcytosine. Both of these methods failed to detect cytosine methylation within this yeast DNA; i.e., there is less than 1 5-methylcytosine per 3,100 to 6,000 cytosine residues.