gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A declarative approach to distributed computing: Specification, execution and analysis (2013)

Abstract There is an increasing interest in using logic programming to specify and implement distributed algorithms, including a variety of network applications. These are applications where data and computation are distributed among several devices and where, in principle, all the devices can exchange data and share the computational results of the group. In this paper we propose a declarative approach to distributed computing whereby distributed algorithms and communication models can be (i) specified as action theories of fluents and actions; (ii) executed as collections of distributed state machines, where devices are abstracted as (input/output) automata that can exchange messages; and (iii) analysed using existing results on connecting causal theories and Answer Set Programming. Results on the application of our approach to different classes of network protocols are also presented.
<i>In situ</i> Si flux cleaning technique for producing atomically flat Si(100) surfaces at low temperature (1997)

We have developed a method for removing oxides and producing atomically flat Si(100) surfaces with single atomic height steps using a Si flux cleaning technique. By introducing a Si flux in the range 1.0–1.5 Å/s at the onset of an SiO2 thermal desorption step as low as 780 °C, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy images reveal smooth surfaces with atomically flat terraces with an rms roughness of 0.5 Å and single-step heights of 1.4 Å. STM reveals that A- and B-type steps are present across the entire area of the scanned surface. Desorption of the surface oxide layer with Si fluxes below this range results in rougher surfaces with pits ∼50 Å deep and 1000 Å across. For Si fluxes above this range, no pits are seen but atomic steps are not visible on the surface.
Inverse Probleme (1989)

In diesem Kapitel werden wir eine Beschreibung inverser Probleme geben. Prinzipielle Schwierigkeiten bei der Lösung solcher Aufgabenstellungen werden an einem einfachen Beispiel demonstriert. Schließlich wird die Relevanz der Fragestellung an mehreren Beispielen aus den Anwendungen demonstriert.
Self-Confirming “AND” Logic Nanoparticles for Fault-Free MRI (2010)

Achieving high accuracy in the imaging of biological targets is a challenging issue. For MRI, to enhance imaging accuracy, two different imaging modes with specific contrast agents are used; one is a T1 type for a "positive" MRI signal and the other is a T2 type for a "negative" signal. Conventional contrast agents respond only in a single imaging mode and frequently encounter ambiguities in the MR images. Here, we propose a "magnetically decoupled" core-shell design concept to develop a dual mode nanoparticle contrast agent (DMCA). This DMCA not only possesses superior MR contrast effects but also has the unique capability of displaying "AND" logic signals in both the T1 and T2 modes. The latter enables self-confirmation of images and leads to greater diagnostic accuracy. A variety of novel DMCAs are possible, and the use of DMCAs can potentially bring the accuracy of MR imaging of diseases to a higher level.
The Effects of Intravaginal Clindamycin and Metronidazole Therapy on Vaginal Mobiluncus Morphotypes in Patients With Bacterial Vaginosis (2006)

Clindamycin reduces vaginal Mobiluncus morphotypes to a greater extent than metronidazole in patients with BV; this correlates with a higher BV cure rate.
Evidence for Simultaneous Protein Interactions between Human Rad51 Paralogs (2000)

In yeast, the Rad51-related proteins include Rad55 and Rad57, which form a heterodimer that interacts with Rad51. Five human Rad51 paralogs have been identified (XRCC2, XRCC3, Rad51B/Rad51L1, Rad51C/Rad51L2, and Rad51D/Rad51L3), and each interacts with one or more of the others. Previously we reported that HsRad51 interacts with XRCC3, and Rad51C interacts with XRCC3, Rad51B, and HsRad51. Here we report that in the yeast two-hybrid system, Rad51D interacts with XRCC2 and Rad51C. No other interactions, including self-interactions, were found, indicating that the observed interactions are specific. The yeast Rad51 interacts with human Rad51 and XRCC3, suggesting Rad51 conservation since the human yeast divergence. Data from yeast three-hybrid experiments indicate that a number of the pairs of interactions between human Rad51 paralogs can occur simultaneously. For example, Rad51B expression enhances the binding of Rad51C to XRCC3 and to HsRad51D, and Rad51C expression allows the indirect interaction of Rad51B with Rad51D. Experiments using 6xHis-tagged proteins in the baculovirus system confirm several of our yeast results, including Rad51B interaction with Rad51D only when Rad51C is simultaneously expressed and Rad51C interaction with XRCC2 only when Rad51D is present. These results suggest that these proteins may participate in one complex or multiple smaller ones.
Preferred size of peptides that bind to H‐2 K<sup>b</sup> is sequence dependent (1992)

The identification of naturally processed viral peptides reveals that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I epitopes are composed of nine or eight amino acid residues. Peptides eluted from H-2 Kb MHC class I molecules have been suggested, as a class, to be eight amino acid residues long. To assay for peptide-class I interactions, a stabilization assay described for surface labeled "empty" class I molecules was employed, but on biosynthetically labeled class I molecules. The Sendai virus nucleoprotein-derived octapeptide APGNYPAL does not bind and stabilize Kb molecules, whereas other octameric Kb-restricted peptides and the nonameric peptide FAPGNYPAL interact stably. We attribute the failure of Sendai octamer binding to the presence of proline in position two: replacement of proline renders the resulting octamers as efficient as FAPGNYPAL for binding and stabilization of H-2 Kb. Substitution of glycine in position three of APGNYPAL slightly improves its Kb stabilizing capacity. Iodination of the tyrosine residue significantly alters the binding properties of the nonamer peptide. We conclude that the length of epitopes as selected by the class I Kb molecule is influenced by their sequence and suggest that proper positioning of the NH2 terminus of peptides is essential for class I stabilizing properties. The ability to stabilize newly synthesized "empty" class I molecules with peptide argues against an involvement of beta 2 microglobulin exchange in the experiments described here.
Monophenylation of Morphinan-6-ones with Diphenyliodonium Iodide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonophenylation of Morphinan-6-ones with Diphenyliodonium IodidePeng Gao and Philip S. PortogheseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7, 2276–2278Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00112a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00112a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views511Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High-Throughput Characterization of Cascade type I-E CRISPR Guide Efficacy Reveals Unexpected PAM Diversity and Target Sequence Preferences (2017)

Interactions between Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) RNAs and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins form an RNA-guided adaptive immune system in prokaryotes. The adaptive immune system utilizes segments of the genetic material of invasive foreign elements in the CRISPR locus. The loci are transcribed and processed to produce small CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs), with degradation of invading genetic material directed by a combination of complementarity between RNA and DNA and in some cases recognition of adjacent motifs called PAMs (Protospacer Adjacent Motifs). Here we describe a general, high-throughput procedure to test the efficacy of thousands of targets, applying this to the <i>Escherichia coli</i> type I-E Cascade (CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense) system. These studies were followed with reciprocal experiments in which the consequence of CRISPR activity was survival in the presence of a lytic phage. From the combined analysis of the Cascade system, we found that (i) type I-E Cascade PAM recognition is more expansive than previously reported, with at least 22 distinct PAMs, with many of the noncanonical PAMs having CRISPR-interference abilities similar to the canonical PAMs; (ii) PAM positioning appears precise, with no evidence for tolerance to PAM slippage in interference; and (iii) while increased guanine-cytosine (GC) content in the spacer is associated with higher CRISPR-interference efficiency, high GC content (>62.5%) decreases CRISPR-interference efficiency. Our findings provide a comprehensive functional profile of Cascade type I-E interference requirements and a method to assay spacer efficacy that can be applied to other CRISPR-Cas systems.
High-Entropy Alloys as Catalysts for the CO <sub>2</sub> and CO Reduction Reactions (2020)

We present an approach for a probabilistic and unbiased discovery of selective and active catalysts for the carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) reduction reactions on high-entropy alloys (HEAs). By combining density functional theory (DFT) with supervised machine learning, we predict the CO and hydrogen (H) adsorption energies of all surface sites on the (111) surfaces of the disordered CoCuGaNiZn and AgAuCuPdPt HEAs. This allows an optimization for the HEA compositions with increased likelihood for sites with weak hydrogen adsorption to suppress the formation of molecular hydrogen and with strong CO adsorption to favor the reduction of CO. As opposed to the construction of specific arrangements of surface atoms, our approach makes the desired surface sites more frequent through an increase in their probability. This leads to the unbiased discovery of several catalyst candidates for which selectivity toward highly reduced carbon compounds is expected and of which some have been verified in the literature.
Elimination of Coherent Noise in a Coherent Light Imaging System (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. J. Grebowsky, R. L. Hermann, H. B. Paull, and A. R. Shulman, "Elimination of Coherent Noise in a Coherent Light Imaging System," Appl. Opt. 10, 438-439 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Osmotic Effects of Sorbitol Accumulation in Monkey Kidney Epithelial Cell Cultures (1975)

It has been observed that primary monolayer cell cultures derived from monkey kidney cortex behave in a similar manner to the mammalian lens in that they accumulate high concentrations of sorbitol when they are incubated in medium containing a high glucose concentration (33 mM). An investigation was undertaken to determine whether the accumulation of sorbitol by these cultures results in cellular damage by an osmotic mechanism similar to that which has been proposed to occur in the lens. Phase-contrast microscopy and histochemical investigations revealed that no changes in the cell size, cell growth rate, or cell staining properties occurred as a result of exposure of the cell cultures to a glucose concentration of 33mM for up to 4 days. The cell protein and myo-inositol concentrations and fatty acid composition were also unaffected, as was the incorporation of radioactivity from [U-14C]leucine into cell protein. The rate of 86Rb influx of the cell cultures was decreased and the rate of 86Rb efflux was increased by incubation in medium containing a glucose concentration of 33 mM. Frome these observations it was concluded that the accumulation of sorbitol by monkey kidney epithelial cell cultures did not exert a pathabolic influence upon their growth and metabolism, and that these cells, unlike the lens, have the capacity to compensate adequately for changes in transmembrane osmotic gradients induced by sorbitol accumulation.
Action of alkali suphide solutions on minerals at elevated temperatures (1939)

Since alkali sulphide solutions are frequently considered to be ore carriers, their action on minerals of the country rock, particularly iron-containing ones, was investigated. All experiments were made at temperatures of 300 degrees C. in gold-lined bombs. The time of each was approximately one week. Numerous alteration products were obtained; many of them were positively identified. Others, due to the minute quantities obtained could not be recognized. Solutions of H 2 S and NaHS commonly alter the iron in the original minerals to pyrite, while Na 2 S produces iron oxides and black FeS. Other minerals produced were marcasite, quartz, chalcedony, opal, analcite, albite?, chlorites, acmite, sericite?, chrysotile, anhydrite, sulphur, and gold crystals. Kaolin minerals and nontronite were probably among the alteration products.
Theory of Visible Light Emission from Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1992)

The mechanism for visible light emission from the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been investigated theoretically by adapting a theory for light emitting tunnel junctions (LETJ). From the analysis of the calculated results and available experimental data, the following picture emerges. The tunneling current first excites localized surface plasmons (LSP) that are localized in a region of a few tens of Angstroms between the STM tip-front and the sample surface. Some of them decay into surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) that propagate along the sample surface. There are two channels of light emission: one is direct emission from LSP and the other is emission through SPP. The relative branching ratio between these two channels depends on the experimental configuration. The effect of sample surface roughness is very small and negligible.
The future of wireless capsule endoscopy (2008)

We outline probable and possible developments with wireless capsule endoscopy. It seems likely that capsule endoscopy will become increasingly effective in diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy. This will be attractive to patients especially for cancer or varices detection because capsule endoscopy is painless and is likely to have a higher take up rate compared to conventional colonoscopy and gastroscopy. Double imager capsules with increased frame rates have been used to image the esophagus for Barrett's and esophageal varices. The image quality is not bad but needs to be improved if it is to become a realistic substitute for flexible upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. An increase in the frame rate, angle of view, depth of field, image numbers, duration of the procedure and improvements in illumination seem likely. Colonic, esophageal and gastric capsules will improve in quality, eroding the supremacy of flexible endoscopy, and become embedded into screening programs. Therapeutic capsules will emerge with brushing, cytology, fluid aspiration, biopsy and drug delivery capabilities. Electrocautery may also become possible. Diagnostic capsules will integrate physiological measurements with imaging and optical biopsy, and immunologic cancer recognition. Remote control movement will improve with the use of magnets and/or electrostimulation and perhaps electromechanical methods. External wireless commands will influence capsule diagnosis and therapy and will increasingly entail the use of real-time imaging. However, it should be noted that speculations about the future of technology in any detail are almost always wrong.
Self-Driven Synchronous Rectification Scheme Without Undesired Gate-Voltage Discharge for DC-DC Converters With Symmetrically Driven Transformers (2008)

This paper proposes a new self-driven synchronous rectification scheme for dc-dc converters with symmetrically driven transformers and wide input voltage range. The driving signals are obtained from the output inductor. Two auxiliary switches are utilized to turn off the main switches properly. Two extra auxiliary switches, which are controlled by a delayed signal from the inductor, are added to avoid the undesired gate discharge. This approach can achieve high efficiency and is suitable for practical applications. Experimental results based on a 36-75 V input, 2.5 V/30 A output prototype are shown to verify the proposed scheme.
Über höhergliedrige heterocyclische Ringe I Die Bildung Substituierter 1.2.4‐Triaza‐Cyclooctatetraene (1957)

Abstract Bei der Einwirkung schwacher Basen auf ω‐Brom‐acetophenon‐guanylhydrazon‐hydrobromid bildet sich unter Dimerisation und gleichzeitigem Ringschluß das orangefarbene 1.2.4‐Triaza‐3‐amino‐5.8‐diphenyl‐cyclooctatetraen (37–44% d. Th.). Die gleiche Reaktion führt bei den im Phenylkern substituierten (4‐Chlor‐, 4‐Brom‐ und 3‐Nitro‐) ω‐Brom‐acetophenon‐guanylhydrazon‐hydrobromiden zu den entsprechenden Abkömmlingen des 1.2.4‐Triaza‐3‐amino‐cyclooctatetraens. Die Konstitution dieses neuartigen heterocyclischen Achtrings konnte durch eine Reihe chemischer Umsetzungen und das IR‐Spektrum bewiesen werden. — Beim Versuch, das 1.2.4‐Triaza‐3‐amino‐5.8‐diphenyl‐cyclooctatetraen durch cyclisierende Kondensation von 1.2‐Dibenzoyl‐äthylen mit Amino‐guanidin darzustellen, wurde lediglich das Mono‐ bzw. Bis‐guanylhydrazon des trans ‐Dibenzoyläthylens erhalten. Ebenso entstand aus 1.2‐Dibenzoyl‐äthan und Aminoguanidin unter den gleichen Bedingungen nur das Bis‐guanylhydrazon.
1,2,4-Triazoles. XIV. Reactions of the s-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine Ring System<sup>1a,b</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2,4-Triazoles. XIV. Reactions of the s-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine Ring System1a,bK. T. Potts, H. R. Burton, and S. K. RoyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 1, 265–273Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01339a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01339a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views816Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transcriptional Control of the Hydrogen Cyanide Biosynthetic Genes <i>hcnABC</i> by the Anaerobic Regulator ANR and the Quorum-Sensing Regulators LasR and RhlR in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2000)

Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa include hydrogen cyanide (HCN). This secondary metabolite is maximally produced at low oxygen tension and high cell densities during the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase. The hcnABC genes encoding HCN synthase were identified on a genomic fragment complementing an HCN-deficient mutant of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The hcnA promoter was found to be controlled by the FNR-like anaerobic regulator ANR and by the quorum-sensing regulators LasR and RhlR. Primer extension analysis revealed two transcription starts, T1 and T2, separated by 29 bp. Their function was confirmed by transcriptional lacZ fusions. The promoter sequence displayed an FNR/ANR box at -42.5 bp upstream of T2 and a lux box centered around -42.5 bp upstream of T1. Expression of the hcn genes was completely abolished when this lux box was deleted or inactivated by two point mutations in conserved nucleotides. The lux box was recognized by both LasR [activated by N-(oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone] and RhlR (activated by N-butanoyl-homoserine lactone), as shown by expression experiments performed in quorum-sensing-defective P. aeruginosa mutants and in the N-acyl-homoserine lactone-negative heterologous host P. fluorescens CHA0. A second, less conserved lux box lying 160 bp upstream of T1 seems to account for enhanced quorum-sensing-dependent expression. Without LasR and RhlR, ANR could not activate the hcn promoter. Together, these data indicate that expression of the hcn promoter from T1 can occur under quorum-sensing control alone. Enhanced expression from T2 appears to rely on a synergistic action between LasR, RhlR, and ANR.
Pulse Radiolysis Studies on the Mechanism of the High Sensitivity of Chloromethylated Polystyrene as an Electron Negative Resist (1985)

The progress of technology for the high-resolution fabrication of semiconductor and magnetic bubble devices has required sub-micron exposure techniques such as electron beam x-ray and deep UV. Although a number of papers have been published on electron beam resists, reaction mechanisms of electron resists are still largely unknown since few studies on reactive intermediates by means of direct measurements have been done in order to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. Recently chloromethylated polystyrene (CMS), a highly sensitive, high resolution electron resist with excellent dry etching durability, was developed. Very recently reactive intermediates in irradiated polystyrene, which is a starting material of CMS, have been studied and the transient absorption spectra of excimer (2-4), triplet states (2,5), charge-transfer complexes, and radical cations (6) of polystyrene have been measured. The present paper describes the cross-linking mechanism of the high sensitivity CMS resist and compares it to that of polystyrene on the basis of
1.0 dB low-loss coupling of laser diode to single-mode fibre using a planoconvex graded-index rod lens (1986)

Marked low-loss coupling between a laser diode and a single-mode fibre has been realised, utilising a planoconvex, high-numerical-aperture graded-index rod lens with greatly improved small wavefront aberration.
Turbulence in induction plasma modelling (1994)

This paper describes a k- epsilon turbulent model with two-dimensional representation of electromagnetic fields for the simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in an induction plasma. A comparative analysis is made with an earlier study using one-dimensional electromagnetic fields representation. The results reveal the simultaneous presence of both laminar and turbulent flow regimes in the discharge. The present model was found to cope well with such variations in the local laminar/turbulent diffusivity and could be used to predict the details of the flow and temperature fields in the discharge under predominantly laminar (low Reynolds number) or turbulent (high Reynolds number) conditions.