gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructural and Mechanical Behavior Characterization of Ultrasonically Consolidated Titanium-Aluminum Laminates (2009)

Abstract : Multilayered hybrid metal laminates have been studied for structural applications due to their potential for higher strength, toughness, and stiffness. The goal of this study was to modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial purity titanium (CP-Ti) and 1100 aluminum (Al) laminates for potential applications in mine blast mitigation. Alternating layers of 50 micron thick CP-Ti and Al layers were ultrasonically consolidated. To provide high hardness and stiffness, the consolidated laminates were heat-treated in a variety of conditions to form intermetallic titanium aluminide (TiAl3) layers. The resulting CPTi/ TiAl3/Al laminates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Plate impact testing, an instrumented laboratory scale test to characterize the dynamic spall behavior of the material, was conducted on select laminates. Based on these results, the CP-Ti/TiAl3/Al laminate had a higher spall strength compared to the Cp-Ti/Al laminate.
Quality of Authentication in Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Abstract — With the emergence of ad hoc networking technology came efforts to provide necessary security support for ad hoc networks. However, due to challenging characteristics of ad hoc environments, providing the same level of security as in wired networks is often very difficult if not impossible. A more viable way to approach this challenge is to maximize the utility of the achievable security instead of trying to achieve perfect security at a prohibitive cost. To this end, we propose a Situation-Aware Security paradigm. A situation-aware security service provides best-achievable service and the clients of the service constantly measure the level of the currently provided service. We apply this new paradigm to one of the most fundamental security services: authentication. Most proposed solutions measure their utility using only success ratio, which cannot fully measure the quality of the authentication service and often leads to a false sense of security. Therefore, we propose the missing part of the metric, the Quality of Authentication (QoA). QoA encapsulates the current situation that the authentication service operates in, which is expressed as the level of confidence an authenticating entity can put on the target entity. QoA combined with success ratio can provide a complete evaluation of an authentication service. We evaluate existing ad hoc key management frameworks with an extensive simulation study and combinatorial analysis of the framework designs to show the utility of QoA, including the discovery of previously hidden flaws of existing designs and a comprehensive comparison between several different approaches. I.
Stodgy by design, and the notion of `dumbing up' (2002)

Depending on your career roots, it seems editorial preferences may focus less on what is said and more on how it's said.
Chemically-assigned classification of aerosol mass spectra (2002)

An Algorithm for Discriminant Analysis of Mass Spectra--ADAMS--was created that classified aerosol mass spectra into dominant chemically-assigned classes, and grouped rare cases in an outlier class. ADAMS was trained with ambient particulate matter (PM) mass spectra, and then validated through classification tests on known spectra with random noise added, various standard chemicals, and salt-spiked polystyrene latex microspheres. The classification results showed that ADAMS gave a reasonable chemical description of the particle populations. In contrast to adaptive resonance theory (ART-2a) classification, ADAMS could be trained to be advantageously sensitive or insensitive to selected chemical markers. Application of ADAMS to Toronto ambient PM and diesel PM (NIST 2975) demonstrated that these samples could be well described, with a low proportion of the cases falling into the outlier class. Such an algorithm may find application for source-receptor modeling of aerosol mass spectra.
Pooling of Clinical Specimens Prior to Testing for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> by PCR Is Accurate and Cost Saving (2004)

The accuracy and cost savings of pooling specimens prior to testing for Chlamydia trachomatis by PCR were evaluated with genital and urine specimens (n = 2,600). There was a 60% reduction in tests without significant loss of accuracy. The efficiency of pooling vaginal swabs is demonstrated for the first time.
Spectral Matting (2007)

We present spectral matting: a new approach to natural image matting that automatically computes a set of fundamental fuzzy matting components from the smallest eigenvectors of a suitably defined Laplacian matrix. Thus, our approach extends spectral segmentation techniques, whose goal is to extract hard segments, to the extraction of soft matting components. These components may then be used as building blocks to easily construct semantically meaningful foreground mattes, either in an unsupervised fashion, or based on a small amount of user input.
Hydrosilylation chemistry and catalysis with cis-PtCl2(PhCH:CH2)2 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrosilylation chemistry and catalysis with cis-PtCl2(PhCH:CH2)2Walter Caseri and Paul S. PregosinCite this: Organometallics 1988, 7, 6, 1373–1380Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00096a023https://doi.org/10.1021/om00096a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1209Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vibration-Actuated Drop Motion on Surfaces for Batch Microfluidic Processes (2005)

When a liquid drop is subjected to an asymmetric lateral vibration on a nonwettable surface, a net inertial force acting on the drop causes it to move. The direction and velocity of the drop motion are related to the shape, frequency, and amplitude of vibration, as well as the natural harmonics of the drop oscillation. Aqueous drops can be propelled through fluidic networks connecting various unit operations in order to carry out batch processing at the miniature scale. We illustrate the integration of several unit operations on a chip: drop transport, mixing, and thermal cycling, which are precursor steps to carrying out advanced biological processes at microscale, including cell sorting, polymerase chain reaction, and DNA hybridization.
Isolation of catalase-deficient Escherichia coli mutants and genetic mapping of katE, a locus that affects catalase activity (1984)

A number of catalase-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli which exhibit no assayable catalase activity were isolated. The only physiological difference between the catalase mutants and their parents was a 50- to 60-fold greater sensitivity to killing by hydrogen peroxide. For comparison, mutations in the xthA and recA genes of the same strains increased the sensitivity of the mutants to hydrogen peroxide by seven- and fivefold, respectively, showing that catalase was the primary defense against hydrogen peroxide. One class of mutants named katE was localized between pfkB and xthA at 37.8 min on the E. coli genome. A second class of catalase mutants was found which did not map in this region.
Py (Roo): A Fast and Secure Stream Cipher using Rolling Arrays. (2005)

Py (pronounced Roo, a shorthand for Kangaroo) is a new stream cipher designed especially for the Ecrypt stream cipher contest. It is based on a new kind of primitive, which we call Rolling Arrays. It also uses various other ideas from many types of ciphers, including variable rotations and permutations. In some sense, this design is a kind of a new type of rotor machine, which is specially designed with operations that are very e#cient in software. The allowed stream size is 2 bytes in each stream (or 2 in the smaller version Py6). The security claims of the cipher are that no key recovery attacks can be performed with complexity smaller than that of exhaustive search, and distinguishing attacks are also impractical with a similar complexity. The speed of the cipher is impressively fast, as it is more than 2.5 times faster than RC4 on a Pentium III (with less than 2.9 cycles/byte when implemented with the API of NESSIE and tested with the NESSIE software).
Synthesis of 15-methyl-cis-.DELTA.4-prostaglandins (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 15-methyl-cis-.DELTA.4-prostaglandinsEldon G. Nidy and Roy A. JohnsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 6, 1121–1125Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01294a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01294a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magic Wavelength to Make Optical Lattice Clocks Insensitive to Atomic Motion (2009)

In a standing wave of light, a difference in spatial distributions of multipolar atom-field interactions may introduce atomic-motion dependent clock uncertainties in optical lattice clocks. We show that the magic wavelength can be defined so as to eliminate the spatial mismatch in electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole interactions for specific combinations of standing waves by allowing a spatially constant light shift arising from the latter two interactions. Experimental prospects of such lattices used with a blue magic wavelength are discussed.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of α- and β-6-Amido Derivatives of 17-Cyclopropylmethyl-3, 14β-dihydroxy-4, 5α-epoxymorphinan: Potential Alcohol-Cessation Agents (2008)

Substituted aryl and aliphatic amide analogues of 6-naltrexamine were synthesized and used to characterize the binding to and functional activity of human mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors. Competition binding assays showed 11-25 and 27-31 bound to the mu (K(i) = 0.05-1.2 nM) and kappa (K(i) = 0.06-2.4 nM) opioid receptors. Compounds 11-18 possessed significant binding affinity for the delta receptor (K(i) = 0.8-12.4 nM). Functional assays showed several compounds acted as partial or full agonists of delta or kappa receptors while retaining an antagonist profile at the mu receptor. Structure-activity relationship for aryl amides showed that potent compounds possessed lipophilic groups or substituents capable of hydrogen bonding. Metabolic stability studies showed that 11, 12, and 14 possessed considerable stability in the presence of rat, mouse, or human liver preparations. The ED 50 of inhibition of 10% ethanol self-administration in trained rats, using operant techniques for 11, was 0.5 mg/kg.
Probenecid inhibition of the renal excretion of dyphylline in chicken, rat and man (1987)

The effect of probenecid on the renal excretion of dyphylline was studied in chicken, rat and man. Dyphylline was found to be actively excreted when measured by the Sperber preparation in hens, the isolated perfused kidney of the rat and clearance studies in man. In each study probenecid significantly decreased dyphylline excretion demonstrating that dyphylline occupied the renal organic anion transport system. This same drug interaction, at the level of the renal excretory system, in these three species occurred at comparable concentrations of dyphylline and probenecid.
Millimetre wave aviation security scanner (2003)

Trials of a real time millimetre wave imager have recently been conducted in the UK. The trials were conducted at London Gatwick airport and QinetiQ Farnborough. The aims of the trials were to evaluate passenger reaction to being screened by a millimetre wave imager, to assess the operational issues of using imaging technology to screen passengers in central search areas of airports, and to quantify the performance of the system using professional screeners who were trained to look for specific threat items. The results of the trial have suggested that public reaction to the possible introduction of the technology in UK airports has been favourable, and that the performance of the imager in detecting specific threat items concealed on passengers such as metal and ceramic weapons has been very encouraging. The performance of the system in detecting plastic explosives and more difficult threats is lower than that of ceramic and other weapons, but the overall performance achieved represents an important step forward in developing a reliable, safe and convenient means of screening passengers and staff in airports and other public places, where security is a prime concern.
Active pitch link actuator for impedance control of helicopter vibration (2008)

The present paper describes the design and static test results for an Active Pitch Link device developed for the SHARCS (Smart Hybrid Active Rotor Control System) project. This project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous reduction of vibration and noise on helicopters via integrating three independent active control systems on a helicopter blade: an Active Pitch Link (APL), and Actively Controlled Flap (ACF) and an Actively Controlled Tip (ACT). The goal of the project is to design and build a 4-bladed scaled (1.096 m radius) rotor featuring all three systems and demonstrate its capabilities in wind tunnel testing. The present paper provides the details of the APL design, including the operational principle, the selection of spring stiffness, actuators and instrumentation. Static tests have been performed to demonstrate the performance of the device and they showed that the resultant system stiffness can indeed be varied continuously between two extremes set by the design requirements. Copyright
A Programmable, Highly Linear and PVT-Insensitive ISFET Array for PoC Diagnosis (2019)

This paper presents a novel 32×32 ISFET array for DNA amplification detection. Each pixel contains a highly-linear ISFET-based OTA and a sawtooth oscillator, converting the solution pH into a digital clock with chemically controlled duty cycle. By employing a differential measurement between a DAC-generated voltage and the pH solution on the OTA, a highly linear, PVT-insensitive response is achieved, while opening the possibility of real-time pixel-wise compensation of trapped charge and chemical drift. The proposed architecture achieves a sensitivity of 11.78%/pH while maintaining large linear dynamic range and a temperature sensitivity of 0.0033 pH/K. Implemented using 0.18μm standard CMOS technology, each pixel occupies 40 μm × 40 μm. This architecture paves the way towards a new generation of ISFET imagers, capable of learning from data and correcting their measurements in real time.
Hydraulic Ram Design for Modern High Pressure Devices (1966)

Equations are developed for designing hydraulic rams of maximum thrust for a given external cylinder diameter. For push type rams, the optimum ratio of outside to inside wall diameter w is 1.554, and the maximum fluid pressure P to be used is 0.4142 times the allowable hoop stress ft in the cylinder. For pull type rams in which the allowable tensile stress fb in the pull bar (cylinder rod) and the allowable hoop stress ft in the cylinder wall are equal, w=1.414 and P=0.333 ft. When these allowable stresses are not equal, more complicated relationships exist and are discussed in the text.
Signaling pathway adaptations and novel protein kinase A substrates related to behavioral sensitization to cocaine (2009)

Behavioral sensitization is an animal model for aspects of cocaine addiction. Cocaine-sensitized rats exhibit increased AMPA receptor (AMPAR) surface expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which may in turn enhance drug seeking. To identify signaling pathways contributing to AMPAR up-regulation, we measured AMPAR surface expression and signaling pathway activation in the NAc of cocaine-sensitized rats, cocaine-exposed rats that failed to sensitize and saline controls on withdrawal days (WD) 1, 7, and 21. We focused on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and protein kinase A (PKA). In sensitized rats, AMPAR surface expression was elevated on WD7 and WD21 but not WD1. ERK2 activation followed a parallel time-course, suggesting a role in AMPAR up-regulation. Both sensitized and non-sensitized rats exhibited CaMKII activation on WD7, suggesting that CaMKII activation is not sufficient for AMPAR up-regulation. PKA phosphorylation, measured using an antibody recognizing phosphorylated PKA substrates, increased gradually over withdrawal in sensitized rats, from below control levels on WD1 to significantly greater than controls on WD21. Using proteomics, novel sensitization-related PKA substrates were identified, including two structural proteins (CRMP-2 and alpha-tubulin) that we speculate may link PKA signaling to previously reported dendritic remodeling in NAc neurons of cocaine-sensitized rats.
Platelet-activating factor and related acetylated lipids as potent biologically active cellular mediators (1990)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF or 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is the most potent lipid mediator yet discovered. It is known to stimulate a wide span of biological responses ranging from aggregation and degranulation of platelets and neutrophils to a variety of cellular effects involving the stimulation of chemotaxis; chemokinesis; superoxide formation; protein phosphorylation; activation of protein kinase C, arachidonic acid, and phosphoinositide metabolites; glycogenolysis; and tumor necrosis factor production. Obviously, with such a diversity of biological activities, it is not surprising that PAF has been considered to be a key component in numerous diseases related to hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses. Evidence has also been presented for the role of PAF in physiological processes, particularly those involving reproduction and fetal development. Furthermore, because of its potent hypotensive action, PAF has been implicated as a contributing factor in blood pressure regulation. PAF is produced by two independent enzymatic pathways. The remodeling route involves the structural modification of a membrane lipid (1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) by replacement of the acyl moiety with an acetate group. An alternate route is the de novo synthesis of PAF from an O-alkyl analogue of a lysophosphatidic acid that requires a reaction sequence of acetylation, dephosphorylation, and phosphocholine addition steps. Hypersensitivity and other pathophysiological reactions are thought to be caused by activation of the remodeling pathway, whereas the de novo route is believed to be the source of endogenous levels of PAF required for physiological functions. Inactivation of PAF occurs when the acetate group is hydrolyzed by an acetylhydrolase that is present in both extra- and intracellular compartments, although the catalytic activity of the two forms of acetylhydrolase are identical, some of their properties differ. The control of PAF metabolism is very complex, but acetylhydrolase, Ca2+, phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of enzymes, and fatty acids (especially polyunsaturates) appear to be important regulatory factors. Specific PAF receptors have clearly been demonstrated on several different types of cells, and although the mechanism of PAF actions is poorly understood, it appears that the PAF/receptor-induced responses are closely associated with the signal transduction process; both G proteins and adenyl cyclase appear to be involved. Because significant quantities of PAF are often retained within certain cells, the possibility of PAF serving as an intracellular mediator has also been proposed.
Disarming the box-jellyfish: nematocyst inhibition in Chironex fleckeri. (1980)

Laboratory tests indicate that methylated spirits, widely espoused as a first-aid treatment for jellyfish stings, causes massive discharge of nematocysts in living tentacles of the box-jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri. This action, together with demonstrated hazards of flammability and intoxication, casts doubt on this substance as a treatment for Chironex stings. In an attempt to find a substitute which will be effective in inactivating unfired nematocysts in the tentacles adhering to sting victims, a number of substances were tested in the laboratory. Weak solutions of acetic acid, as well as commerical vinegar, were found to inactivate the penetrating nematocysts of Chironex rapidly and completely. Most other substances tested proved less effective, and some actually stimulated the firing of nematocysts.
The solubility of small particles and the stability of colloids (1922)

L. F. Knapp, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1922, 17, 457 DOI: 10.1039/TF9221700457
Micro- and Nanofabrication of Robust Reactive Arrays Based on the Covalent Coupling of Dendrimers to Activated Monolayers (2004)

We report on methods to fabricate robust micro- and nanopatterned platforms, comprising high functional group densities and quasi three-dimensional structures, for possible applications in biochip array technologies. For this purpose, amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were immobilized via amide linkage formation on 11,11'-dithiobis(N-hydroxysuccinimidylundecanoate) (NHS-C10) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold surfaces. The coupling reaction and the resulting assemblies were characterized by grazing incidence reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy; the obtained surface coverage values were successfully fitted with a Langmuir isotherm. The fraction of unreacted peripheral primary amine groups of the surface-immobilized PAMAM dendrimers was 28% as determined by XPS analysis of trifluoroacetic anhydride-labeled assemblies. Patterning of the PAMAM dendrimers on NHS-C10 SAMs on the micrometer and sub-100-nm scale was achieved by microcontact printing and dip pen nanolithography. The resulting patterns are characterized by their high degree of order and stability of the transferred molecules due to covalent attachment.