gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paticle size effect of metastable calcium phosphates on crushing strength of self- setting bioactive calcium phosphate cement. (1993)

The resistance to crushing after a self-setting bioactive calcium phosphate cement, consisting of various particle sizes of tetracalcium phosphate (TECP), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and hydroxyapatite (HAP), had hardened was tested after setting at 37 degrees C, 100% RH. X-ray diffraction suggested that the cement containing fine particles of DCPD and TECP was completely transformed to HAP, but that containing larger particles was not. Since particle size of both DCPD and TECP affected the dissolution rate, the crystal growth of HAP during cement formation depended on the specific surface area (Sw) of the raw materials. The crushing strength of the cement after hardening increased with an increase of its Sw.
A highly luminescent spiro-anthracenone-based organic light-emitting diode exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (2013)

Efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence was observed from a spiro-anthracenone derivative (ACRSA). An organic light-emitting diode containing ACRSA exhibited blue-greenish electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 16.5%.
Wind power: renewable energy for home, farm, and business (2004)

the wake of mass blackouts and energy crises, wind power remains a largely untapped resource of renewable energy. It is a booming worldwide industry whose technology, under the collective wing of aficionados like author Paul Gipe, is coming of age. Wind Power guides us through the emergent, sometimes daunting discourse on wind technology, giving frank explanations of how to use wind technology wisely and sound advice on how to avoid common mistakes. Since the mid-1970s, Paul Gipe has played a part in nearly every aspect of wind energy's development--from installing small turbines to promoting wind energy worldwide. As an American proponent of renewable energy, Gipe has earned the acclaim and respect of European energy specialists for years, but his arguments have often fallen on deaf ears at home. Today, the topic of wind power is cropping up everywhere from the beaches of Cape Cod to the Oregon-Washington border, and one wind turbine is capable of producing enough electricity per year to run 200 average American households. Now, Paul Gipe is back to shed light on this increasingly important energy source with a revised edition of Wind Power. Over the course of his career, Paul Gipe has been a proponent, participant, observer, and critic of the wind industry. His experience with wind has given rise to two previous books on the subject, Wind Energy Basics and Wind Power for Home and Business, which have sold over 50,000 copies. Wind Power for Home and Business has become a staple for both homeowners and professionals interested in the subject, and now, with energy prices soaring, interest in wind power is hitting an all-time high. With chapters on output and economics, Wind Power discloses how much you can expect from each method of wind technology, both in terms of energy and financial savings. The book's updated models, graphics, and weighty appendixes make it an invaluable reference for everyone interested in the emerging trend of wind power and renewable energy. Executive Director of the American Wind Energy Association Randall Swisher has said, In the last two decades, no one has done more that Paul Gipe to bring wind energy to the public's attention.
Animal tumour registry of two provinces in northern Italy: incidence of spontaneous tumours in dogs and cats (2009)

Cancer is a major cause of death in domestic animals. Furthermore, many forms of pet neoplasm resemble that of their human counterparts in biologic behaviour, pathologic expression, and recognised risk factors. In April 2005, a pilot project was activated so as to establish a dog and cat tumour registry living in the Venice and Vicenza provinces (Veneto Region, north-eastern Italy), with the aim of estimating the incidence of spontaneous tumours. Through a telephone survey, the estimates of canine and feline populations of the catchment area turned out to be of 296,318 (CI +/- 30,201) and 214,683 (CI +/- 21,755) subjects, respectively. During the first three years, overall 2,509 canine and 494 feline cases of neoplasia were diagnosed. In dogs, the estimated annual incidence rate (IR) per 100,000 dogs for all tumours was 282 in all the catchment area, whereas in cats the IR was much lower (IR = 77). Malignant and benign tumours were equally distributed in male and female dogs, whereas cats had a 4.6-fold higher incidence of malignant tumours than benign. In both dogs and cats, purebreds had an almost 2-fold higher incidence of malignant tumours than mixed breeds. Tumour incidence increased with age in both dog and cat populations. This study has provided estimates of incidence of spontaneous neoplasm in companion animals. Further attempts will be made to increase the accuracy in the population size assessment and to ascertain the real gap with the official regional canine demographic registry. Veterinary practitioners may also benefit from the tumour registry insofar they may obtain data for specific breeds, age groups or geographical areas.
Direct timing extraction in a modified-Manchester coded picosecond optical pulse fibre optic transmission system (1988)

Direct timing extraction in a modified-Manchester-coded fibre optic transmission system is demonstrated. The presence of the clock signal in the received data is used to injection lock an electronic oscillator thus generating a large timing signal. The technique is also suitable for optical injection locking for timing extraction.
Circuit partitioning using high level design information (1996)

The utilization of MDV in treating rural underserved is indispensable, but revenue and high productivity is difficult to achieve as lower socioeconomic patients are predominantly served. MDV programs operational in postgraduate institutions have to improvise on correcting the shortcomings regarding the facilities and manpower to improve the utilization of the programs.
Kinetics and mechanisms of the reverse Boudouard reaction over metal carbonates in connection with the reactions of solid carbon with the metal carbonates (1999)

The decomposition processes of alkali or alkaline earth carbonates with a large excess of carbon, and the reverse Boudouard reaction given by CO2/C→2CO over metal carbonates, were compared. The carbonates of Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ generated CO exclusively by an intermolecular redox reaction given by CO32-+C→2CO+O2-. The reverse Boudouard reaction over these metal carbonates at 700°C proceeded at a steady rate until just before the carbon was completely consumed, and in the cases of Li+, Sr2+ and Ba2+, the rates agreed with the initial rates of the intermolecular redox reaction. On the other hand, the rates over the carbonates of Na+, K+ and Cs+, the oxides of which undergo a disproportionation reaction to produce gas-phase metal and liquid-phase metal peroxide, were much higher than the initial rates of the intermolecular redox reaction. This discrepancy can be explained by the presence of a catalytic process on the metal-covered surface of the silica wool that was used for preventing the highly basic gas-phase metals from escaping.
Improved<scp>l</scp>-Leucine Production by an<i>α</i>-Aminobutyric Acid Resistant Mutant of<i>Brevibacterium lactofermentum</i> (1996)

A mutant of a Brevibacterium lactofermentum l-leucine producer was obtained that was resistant to high concentrations of d-α-aminobutyric acid (d-ABA) and the production by which of l-valine decreased by an order and that of l-leucine increased by 24% compared to its parent, No. 34. In this mutant strain, No. 12–6, the activities of both acetohydroxy acid synthase and isopropylmalate synthase were higher than those of the parent.
Aromatic diselenide crosslinkers to enhance the reprocessability and self-healing of polyurethane thermosets (2017)

We explore the utilization of aromatic diselenides as new low temperature exchangeable monomers for their utilization in thermosets.
Drill pipe buckling in inclined holes (1982)

In high-angle wells the force of gravity pulls the drill string against the low side of the hole. This stabilizes the string and allows drill pipe to carry high axial loads without buckling. In addition to this, the small size of typical wellbores limits the deflection of buckled pipe to values that are often acceptable. These two effects make it practical to run drill pipe in compression in certain situations.
HDL Phosphatidyl Choline and Risk-Factors bf Coronary Heart Disease (1984)

As part of our epidemiological study of employees in Westphalia, the concentration of HDL phosphatidyl choline was measured in 1546 men and 778 women. The results were analysed in relation to the corresponding HDL cholesterol values, as well as the various risk factors for coronary heart disease. HDL phosphatidyl choline values were found to be age independent, higher in women than in men (p les than 0.001), and lognormally distributed in both sexes (men: mean 1.162 mmol/l, median 1.13 mmol/l, minimum 0.60 mmol/l, maximum 2.46 mmol/l; women: mean 1.370 mmol/l, median 1.34 mmol/l, minimum 0.55 mmol/l, maximum 2.46 mmol/l). A positive correlation (p less than 0.001) was found in both sexes between HDL phosphatidyl choline and HDL cholesterol (men: r = 0.588; women r = 0.605). A negative correlation was found in both sexes between HDL phosphatidyl choline values and body weight (men: r = -0.102 (p less than 0.001) women: r = -0.129 (p less than 0.001); and in men, but not in women, there was a negative correlation between HDL phosphatidyl choline values and triglycerides (men: r = -0.190 (p less than 0.001) women: r = -0.042). A negative correlation between HDL phosphatidyl choline and cigarette smoking was found only in female smokers (r = -0.121 (p less than 0.05). The correlation coefficients between HDL cholesterol and triglycerides as well as HDL cholesterol and relative body weight in both sexes were clearly higher than the corresponding correlation coefficient of HDL phosphatidyl choline. In men as well as in women the HDL phosphatidyl choline/HDL cholesterol ratio decreased with increasing HDL cholesterol values or decreasing triglyceride values in blood serum.
Social profiles of virtual communities (2003)

The phenomenon "virtual community" reflects the social, political and economic impact of information and communications technology changing the architecture of interaction. We present an approach to describe and manage the social environments of transactions that are provided in virtual communities. We explore virtual communities, their novel social structures and the dynamics of the social momentum of communities. We present an empirical study of fifty virtual communities.
Numerical Analysis of the Relationship between Nasal Structure and Its Function (2014)

The functions of the nasal cavity are closely related to its structure. In this study the three-dimensional finite element models were established based on the clinical data of twenty-four volunteers to study the influence of nasal structure on nasal functions of heating the inhaled airflow. Numerical simulations mainly concerning the airflow distribution and the airflow temperature are performed. The character of airflow heating process in these models is gained from the simulation results of these nasal cavities. The parameters describing the geometry of nasal cavity, such as the surface area of nasal airway and the volume of nasal cavity, are considered to be related to the nasal function of heating the inhaled airflow. The approximate function describing the relationship between the geometric parameters of the nasal airway and the nasal functions is gotten. This study can provide a numerical platform for studying some clinical problems and will contribute to the further research on the relationship between nasal structure and nasal functions.
<i>TERT</i> promoter mutations and telomerase reactivation in urothelial cancer (2015)

Reactivation of telomerase, the chromosome end-replicating enzyme, drives human cell immortality and cancer. Point mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter occur at high frequency in multiple cancers, including urothelial cancer (UC), but their effect on telomerase function has been unclear. In a study of 23 human UC cell lines, we show that these promoter mutations correlate with higher levels of TERT messenger RNA (mRNA), TERT protein, telomerase enzymatic activity, and telomere length. Although previous studies found no relation between TERT promoter mutations and UC patient outcome, we find that elevated TERT mRNA expression strongly correlates with reduced disease-specific survival in two independent UC patient cohorts (n = 35; n = 87). These results suggest that high telomerase activity may be a better marker of aggressive UC tumors than TERT promoter mutations alone.
The Ginsberg Experiment: Modern and Prehistoric Evidence of a Bone-Flaking Technology (1981)

The discovery of butchered and modified bones of extinct Pleistocene fauna from Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory, and the Dutton and Selby sites, Colorado, provides some of the earliest evidence for man in the New World. However, the significance of these discoveries rests entirely on the ability to determine whether these remains were modified by man. The results of experiments of elephant butchering, bone fracturing, and bone tool manufacturing support the hypothesis that these modified bones can be used to identify the presence of cultural activities.
[Comparison of akebia saponin D contents in radix Dipsaci from different area]. (2000)

According to Akebia saponin D contents determined by HPLC, this article analyzed the quality of Radix Dipsaci grown in different area. The results indicated that the quality of Radix Dipsaci from the Muli and the Yanyuan of Sichuan province is superior to that of other province.
Ambipolar Memory Devices Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Nanoparticles (2010)

A directed-assembly method on the basis of graphene oxide (GO) pieces is developed, which allowed us to mass-produce a uniform array of graphene-based ambipolar memory devices using only conventional microfabrication facilities. Significantly, we successfully demonstrated that this device can be operated as both conventional conductivity-switching memory and new type-switching memory by adjusting the charge density on the nanoparticles.
MEH-PPV:  Improved Synthetic Procedure and Molecular Weight Control (2000)

Mechanistic studies on the polymerization of α,α‘-dibromo-2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)xylene have been performed. Polymerizations were initially carried out by adding potassium tert-butoxide to monomer in the presence of a chain transfer agent, anthracene. Anthracene showed little effect on the molecular weight of the resulting polymer, suggesting that the major polymerization route was not radically initiated. Polymerizations were also carried out by adding monomer to potassium tert-butoxide in the presence of a nucleophile, 4-methoxyphenol. The molecular weight of the resulting polymer scaled linearly with the amount of 4-methoxyphenol, suggesting an anionic mechanism. In addition, each polymerization was monitored by in-situ torque measurements to further elucidate the polymerization mechanism and optimize polymerization conditions.
Subunit 4 of the 26 S protease is a member of a novel eukaryotic ATPase family (1992)

Ubiquitinated proteins are degraded by a 26 S ATP-dependent protease. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the purified 26 S enzyme reveals more than 20 polypeptides ranging in apparent molecular masses from 20 to 110 kDa. Although many of the subunits smaller than 30 kDa are members of the multicatalytic protease family, the identity and function of the larger polypeptides have remained unknown. We report here the cDNA sequence for subunit 4, a 51-kDa chain of the 26 S protease. Subunit 4 belongs to a recently identified eukaryotic ATPase family, which includes proteins involved in peroxisome formation, secretion, and human immunodeficiency virus gene expression. Subunit 4 also shows weak similarity to ClpA, the ATP-binding subunit of the Escherichia coli protease, Clp.
A Three-Element Projector Condensing System (1970)

The design of an efficient optical condensing system is difficult to achieve, since a high aperture must be provided at the source, while an enlarged image of the source is required at the entrance pupil of the projection lens. The system outlined consists of three basic elements, together with a series of supplementary lenses to accommodate a range of projection lenses from 35 to 300 mm. Besides the requirement for high initial aperture, two additional goals were set: correction for the cosine falloff at the source; and compatibility with all projection lenses in a specified range of f-numbers. These two latter objectives were attained using a field flatness of 10% and an f/2.5 lens which received 90% of the flux at its entrance pupil. These conditions are based on a 50° acceptance angle at the filament of a 1200-W incandescent projection lamp.
교사들의 성격유형과 일의 가치에 관한 연구 (1999)

본 연구는 교사들의 일의 가치가 어떠한지를 알아보고, 이를 통해 교사집단이 교직에 대해서 어느 측면을 보다 중요하게 고려하는지를 그들의 성격 유형별로 비교해 보기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구는 경남 ·경북에 재직하고 있는 177명의 초등학교 교사와 65명의 중등학교 교사로서, MBTI와 일의 가치관 검사에 모두 응답한 피험자를 대상으로 하였다. 연구의 결과는 교사들의 성격유형에 따라서 일의 가치에 있어서 차이를 보였으며, 특히 사고(T)와 감정(F) 지표에서 두드러진 차이를 보였다. 기능별 성격유형에 따른 비교에서도 감정형이 사고형 보다 일의 가치가 높은 것으로 나타나 이를 뒷받침해 주고 있다.
Curriculum Blocks (2001)

Abstract For millennia, designers of plazas, walls, arches, bridges, and domes have used bricks as their basic construction units. Identical bricks can be arranged in a surprising number of different patterns, and many times more patterns can be created using only a few different kinds of brick. Some aspects of the patterns are essential to the purpose of the structure, whereas other aspects may be merely pleasing. To suit one purpose or another, the bricks can be different in material composition (marble, stone, glass, concrete, metal, plastic, clay, wood), structural properties (size, shape, strength, resilience, durability, response to temperature), appearance (color, transparency, surface texture), and inevitably cost (bare minimum to extravagant). How well the structure will do its basic job depends more on some of these properties than others, but any property may be important in motivating and selling the design. Obviously a designer needs to know what the properties of bricks really are and what features the final design must have. In the 20th century, sad to report, curriculum designers have not been so well blessed. For most of the century, they have had only a few kinds of “bricks” available to them, and those in only two “shapes”—one period, five days a week for one semester and one period, five days a week for one year. To make matters worse, there simply is no agreed-upon set of basic properties to use to describe or talk about curriculum components. For this and other reasons, “honesty in packaging” is rare in the descriptive materials provided by publishers. This chapter supposes that in creating the curriculum equivalent of a brick structure, educators will have access to a large variety of accurate descriptions of bricks in the form of an easily accessible database. After defining what a curriculum block is, the chapter presents a template for describing blocks, some thoughts on how and by whom suitable blocks can be developed, and a brief list of some possible curriculum blocks.
Evaluation of three algorithms for <i>ab initio</i> determination of three-dimensional shape from one-dimensional solution scattering profiles (2003)

In recent years, several methods for determining ab initio three-dimensional shape from solution scattering have been reported. In order to clarify the common and unique features of these programs, we verified the stability and convergence of three major programs, 'dammin', 'saxs3d' and 'dalai_ga', for experimental data. Two different types of samples were prepared: troponin-C and denatured apomyoglobin. With all of the three programs, the stability of the models and fitting among different runs increased as the diameters of the packing spheres were reduced in the region larger than 4Å. In the case of troponin-C, the models obtained always bore a striking resemblance irrespective of different runs of three algorithms. The averaged model coincided with the averaged structure of multiple nuclear magnetic reasonance models. In the case of denatured apomyoglobin, the best models from different algorithms also have similar features. These results suggest that if the molecule contains highly mobile portions, the resulting model corresponds to the averaged structure.
Asynchronous Synthesis of the Complementary Strands of the Reovirus Genome (1971)

The mechanism of replication of the double-stranded RNA genome of reovirus has been analyzed by tracing the fate of the parental double-stranded RNA genome and by determining whether the complementary strands, which comprise the progeny double-stranded RNA, are synthesized simultaneously or sequentially. The results indicate that the parental double-stranded RNA is conserved as the original duplex molecule within a subviral particle throughout the viral replicative cycle. The complementary strands, which form the progeny double-stranded RNA, are produced asynchronously. Minus strands are synthesized on preformed plus-strand templates, whereas plus strands appear to be synthesized on double-stranded RNA templates.
M-Task-Programming for Heterogeneous Systems and Grid Environments (2005)

A task-parallel execution has been shown to be successful on homogeneous parallel systems for many applications providing a suitable degree of multiprocessor task parallelism. In this paper, we extend the model of task-parallel executions so that the same program can also be executed in heterogeneous systems and grid environments. The new model is particularly suited for large applications consisting of independent modules which can be mapped onto different parts of a distributed execution platform. We show that a suitable representation of the execution activities is crucial for combining a flexible multi-level specification with a dynamic scheduling that can be adapted to a dynamically changing execution environment. We also show how a collection of distributed task-managers organizes the distributed execution based on CORBA.
Abfraction: separating fact from fiction (2009)

Non-carious cervical lesions involve loss of hard tissue and, in some instances, restorative material at the cervical third of the crown and subjacent root surface, through processes unrelated to caries. These non-carious processes may include abrasion, corrosion and possibly abfraction, acting alone or in combination. Abfraction is thought to take place when excessive cyclic, non-axial tooth loading leads to cusp flexure and stress concentration in the vulnerable cervical region of teeth. Such stress is then believed to directly or indirectly contribute to the loss of cervical tooth substance. This article critically reviews the literature for and against the concept of abfraction. Although there is theoretical evidence in support of abfraction, predominantly from finite element analysis studies, caution is advised when interpreting results of these studies because of their limitations. In fact, there is only a small amount of experimental evidence for abfraction. Clinical studies have shown associations between abfraction lesions, bruxism and occlusal factors, such as premature contacts and wear facets, but these investigations do not confirm causal relationships. Importantly, abfraction lesions have not been reported in pre-contemporary populations. It is important that oral health professionals understand that abfraction is still a theoretical concept, as it is not backed up by appropriate clinical evidence. It is recommended that destructive, irreversible treatments aimed at treating so-called abfraction lesions, such as occlusal adjustment, be avoided.