gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of the response to prednisone-dexamethasone switch in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone pre- and post-docetaxel. (2016)

327 Background: Abiraterone acetate (AA) administered with prednisone (P) to reduce mineralocorticoid-related adverse events improves survival in CRPC with a favourable tolerance profile. However, in the phase I/II of AA without steroids, dexamethasone 0,5mg/day was added after biochemical progression reaching a 25% of PSA decline. Lorente et al (BJC, 2014) showed durable biochemical responses in 40% of cases treated with AA and steroid switch in the post-docetaxel setting. We hypothesize that P to D switch in patients with biochemical progression to AA+P would lead to secondary responses also in the pre-docetaxel setting. Methods: Change of P 5mg/12h to D 0.5mg/24h was prospectively tested in clinically stable CRPC with biochemical progression ( > 25% PSA rise over nadir, confirmed in a second determination) and/or limited radiological progression ( < 3 new bone/lymphatic metastasis, non-bulky), after ³12 weeks of AA+P. PSA was monitored q4wks. CT- & bone-scans were performed every 12-16 weeks. Biochemical and radiological responses were evaluated by PSAWG2 and RECIST criteria. Survival outcomes were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 18 patients were included (11 pre- & 7 post-docetaxel). Median age 72 (60-85); visceral, bone and/or lymph metastasis were present in 17%, 83% and 50% of patients. Median PSA at AA+P and AA+D commencement was 81 ng/ml and 100ng/ml, respectively. Biochemical response was observed in 83% of patients: 56% with a PSA decrease ≥ 30%, and 28% with PSA decrease ≥ 50%. Median biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) with AA+P was 5.7 months (CI95% 2.9-9.1) and 3.8m (CI95% 1.4-6.5) in the pre- and post-docetaxel setting, respectively. Median bPFS with AA+D was 5.4m (1.2-8.8) and 2.5 (CI95% 1.1-2.9) in the pre- and post-docetaxel settings. Two radiological partial responses were observed with AA+D. Conclusions: Clinically stable patients with limited disease progression after AA+P may benefit from steroid switch in both the pre- and post-docetaxel settings.
Tracking Large-Scale Video Remix in Real-World Events (2013)

Content sharing networks, such as YouTube, contain traces of both explicit online interactions (such as likes, comments, or subscriptions), as well as latent interactions (such as quoting, or remixing, parts of a video). We propose visual memes, or frequently re-posted short video segments, for detecting and monitoring such latent video interactions at scale. Visual memes are extracted by scalable detection algorithms that we develop, with high accuracy. We further augment visual memes with text, via a statistical model of latent topics. We model content interactions on YouTube with visual memes, defining several measures of influence and building predictive models for meme popularity. Experiments are carried out with over 2 million video shots from more than 40,000 videos on two prominent news events in 2009: the election in Iran and the swine flu epidemic. In these two events, a high percentage of videos contain remixed content, and it is apparent that traditional news media and citizen journalists have different roles in disseminating remixed content. We perform two quantitative evaluations for annotating visual memes and predicting their popularity. The proposed joint statistical model of visual memes and words outperforms an alternative concurrence model, with an average error of 2% for predicting meme volume and 17% for predicting meme lifespan.
Can You Trust Online Ratings? A Mutual Reinforcement Model for Trustworthy Online Rating Systems (2015)

The average of customer ratings on a product, which we call a reputation, is one of the key factors in online purchasing decisions. There is, however, no guarantee of the trustworthiness of a reputation since it can be manipulated rather easily. In this paper, we define false reputation as the problem of a reputation being manipulated by unfair ratings and design a general framework that provides trustworthy reputations. For this purpose, we propose TRUE-REPUTATION, an algorithm that iteratively adjusts a reputation based on the confidence of customer ratings. We also show the effectiveness of TRUE-REPUTATION through extensive experiments in comparisons to state-of-the-art approaches.
Magnetic Field Design for Low EMF and High Efficiency Wireless Power Transfer System in On-Line Electric Vehicles (2011)

In the mechanism of wireless power transfer in on-line electric vehicle (OLEV), the design of magnetic field\nis the key technology to determine its electrical performance of power transfer capacity, transfer efficiency,\nand electromagnetic field (EMF) level. To satisfy all the requirements, systematic approach for optimization\nof design parameters is required. Even though shielding for reduction of EMF can be applied independently,\nthe shielding effectiveness of the applicable shielding method should be considered in optimization of design\nparameters. In this paper, we introduce the wireless power transfer mechanism and the EMF reduction\ntechniques, and perform design parameter optimization to maximize transfer power efficiency while\nsatisfying power transfer efficiency and EMF regulation.
Regional and cardiac haemodynamic effects of N<sup>G</sup>‐nitro‐<scp>l</scp>‐arginine methyl ester in conscious, Long Evans rats (1990)

1. Regional haemodynamic responses to i.v. bolus doses (0.1-10.0 mg kg-1) of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were measured in conscious, Long Evans rats (n = 8) chronically instrumented with renal, mesenteric and hindquarters pulsed Doppler flow probes and intravascular catheters. 2. L-NAME caused dose-dependent pressor effects associated with renal, mesenteric and hindquarters vasoconstrictions. The mesenteric vascular bed showed earlier onset with more rapid, and greater, maximum vasoconstrictions than the renal or hindquarters vascular beds; however, the hindquarters vasoconstriction was more persistent. D-NAME was without significant effects (n = 2). 3. Primed infusion of L-arginine (100 mg kg-1 bolus followed by 100 mg kg-1 h-1 infusion), starting 10 min after an i.v. bolus injection of L-NAME (10 mg kg-1), caused significant reversal of the pressor responses, and renal and mesenteric vasoconstrictions, but not of the hindquarters vasoconstriction. Primed infusions of L-arginine (100 mg kg-1, 100 mg kg-1 h-1) starting 5 min after L-NAME (1 mg kg-1) additionally caused some reversal of the hindquarters vasoconstriction, but this effect was transient. 4. Primed infusion of L-arginine (100 mg kg-1, 100 mg kg-1 h-1) starting 30 min before i.v. bolus injection of L-NAME (10 mg kg-1) caused significant attenuation of the pressor effects and the renal and mesenteric vasoconstrictions but not of the hindquarters vasoconstriction. 5. In a separate group of rats (n = 8) chronically instrumented with thoracic aortic electromagnetic flow probes for the measurement of cardiac haemodynamics, i.v. bolus injection of L-NAME (10mgkg-1) produced significant reductions in total peripheral conductance, cardiac output, stroke volume, peak thoracic aortic flow and the maximum rate of rise of aortic flow; these were coincident with the maximum pressor and vasoconstrictor effects. 6. These results, collectively, are consistent with L-NAME interfering with L-arginine-nitric oxide pathways that have important influences on regional vascular conductances in vivo. The pressor effect resulting from L-NAME-induced vasoconstrictions is offset by a substantial reduction in cardiac function that may depend on direct and/or indirect effects of L-NAME on the heart.
Insulin secretion. Interrelationships of glucose, cyclic adenosine 3:5-monophosphate, and calcium. (1975)

Glucose elevates both cyclic adenosine 3:5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and insulin secretion rapidly and in a parallel dose-dependent fashion in perifused rat islets. Theophylline stimulates cyclic AMP much more than glucose, yet secretion is much less. When the two agents are combined, cyclic AMP is similar to theophylline alone yet secretion is augmented synergistically. Glucose-induced cyclic AMP generation and insulin secretion are dependent on extracellular calcium. Theophylline-induced insulin secretion is also extracellular calcium-dependent; however, theophylline-induced cyclic AMP elevation is independent of extracellular calcium. Thus, extracellular calcium has multiple effects on insulin secretion, some of which appear unrelated to a terminal secretory process. When glucose is combined with theophylline at physiologic levels of extracellular calcium, both the first and second phases of secretion are prominent. At extracellular calcium levels of 0.05 mM, only the second phase is prominent whereas at 10 nM extracellular calcium (ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,-tetraacetic acid) only the first phase is prominent. A divalent cation ionophore (a23187, Eli Lilly), which transports calcium and magnesium ions across biological membranes, was used to elucidate further the role of calcium and magnesium. If the ionophore (10 muM) is perifused for 5 min at low extracellular calcium and magnesium, and physiologic calcium is then added, a sudden spike of insulin release occurs in the absence of cyclic AMP generation. Similar results were obtained with magnesium. When the ionophore is perifused for 30 min at low calcium and magnesium, insulin secretion again occurs in the absence of cyclic AMP generation. Electron microscopic examination of the B cells following perifusion with the ionophore shows no specific alterations. These observations suggest that: (a) glucose elevates cyclic AMP, but the latter acts primarily as a positive feed-forward modulator of glucose-induced insulin release; and (b) extracellular calcium has multiple effects on insulin secretion both upon, and independent of, the cyclic AMP system.
Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging using masks with double devices (2002)

Integral imaging has been received much interest due to its various advantages. However, the narrow viewing angle is one of the bottlenecks of this technique. Basically, the viewing angle is limited because the displayed area of elemental images is confined. In addition, the interference of neighboring elemental lenses causes the integrated image overlapping. Recently the viewing-angle-enhanced scheme with lens switching has been proposed. In that scheme, a mechanical moving part with fast speed to obtain a natural after-image was required. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel scheme of integral imaging using a mask with two devices to enhance the viewing angle. This is implemented by two identical systems that consist of a lens array and a display panel. The images from the two sets of devices are combined with a beam splitter. A mask that has alternately repeated on/off patterns in an array form is attached to each lens array and the area of on/off in two masks are opposite (interleaved). The integrated images in each system are combined spatially and the viewing area is doubled. Thus, it can be stated that spatial multiplexed images instead of the time-multiplexed images contribute to enhance the viewing angle of integral imaging without any mechanical movement.
Effects of a low-frequency sound wave therapy programme on functional capacity, blood circulation and bone metabolism in frail old men and women (2009)

Low-frequency sound wave therapy may have the potential to promote well-being of frail elderly subjects via improved functional capacity, especially in subjects who are too frail to undertake exercise.
Micro transfer printing on cellulose electro-active paper (2006)

A micro-patterning technique regarded as micro transfer printing is studied for gold electrode patterning on cellulose electro-active paper (EAPap), aiming at biodegradable and flexible MEMS fabrication. EAPap is known as a smart material due to the interesting actuation phenomenon of cellulose paper. Accordingly, EAPap can be used for sensor and actuator devices. Since EAPap is made with cellulose, a biodegradable and flexible MEMS device can be made with this material. However, since cellulose-based EAPap is hydrophilic and flexible, conventional lithography and etching techniques cannot be used for micro-patterning. This paper reports a new micro-patterning technique using the micro transfer printing (MTP) method on flexible EAPap material. The MTP technique consists of a master fabrication, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp construction, and a micro pattern transfer. Details of the technique and key issues are addressed. To demonstrate the feasibility of the MTP technique, a gold electrode pattern for a surface acoustic wave (SAW) MEMS device and a gold micro-strip pattern for a microwave dipole rectenna are made on cellulose paper substrates.
Influentials and Influence Mechanisms in New Product Diffusion: An Integrative Review (2014)

This study reviews and synthesizes the literature on the role of influentials and the influence process in new product diffusion from a marketing management perspective. Influentials are a broad category of consumers who play important roles in new product diffusion by considerably influencing others' adoptions. We develop a conceptual framework using both individual- and market-level research perspectives to highlight several interrelated areas: (1) the theoretical bases of influence on others' adoption decisions; (2) issues concerning how marketers can identify and effectively target influentials; and (3) how significant individual-level processes lead to market-level behavior and outcomes for firms, such as sales and profits. The study synthesizes the relevant research findings and suggests future research directions for improving our knowledge on the role of influentials in new product diffusion.
Underdetermined blind source separation in a time-varying environment (2002)

The problem of estimating n source signals from m measurements that are an unknown mixture of the sources is known as blind source separation. In the underdetermined —less measurements than sources— linear case, the solution process can be conveniently divided in three stages: represent the signals in a sparse domain, find the mixing matrix, and estimate the sources. In this paper we adhere to that approach and parametrize the performance of these stages as a function of the sparsity of the signals. To find the mixing matrix and track its variations in the dynamic case a nonparametric maximum-likelihood approach based on Parzen windowing is presented. To invert the underdetermined linear problem we present an estimator that chooses the “best” demixing matrix in a sample by sample basis by using some previous knowledge of the statistics of the sources. The results are validated by Montecarlo simulations.
Kondo effect in coupled quantum dots under magnetic fields (2001)

The Kondo effect in coupled quantum dots is investigated theoretically under magnetic fields. We show that the magnetoconductance (MC) illustrates the peak structures of Kondo resonant spectra. When the dot-dot tunneling coupling ${V}_{C}$ is smaller than the dot-lead coupling \ensuremath{\Delta} (level broadening), Kondo resonant levels appear at the Fermi level ${(E}_{F}).$ The Zeeman splitting of the levels weakens the Kondo effect, which results in a negative MC. When ${V}_{C}$ is larger than $\ensuremath{\Delta},$ the Kondo resonances form bonding and antibonding levels, located below and above ${E}_{F},$ respectively. We observe a positive MC since the Zeeman splitting increases the overlap between the levels at ${E}_{F}.$ In the presence of antiferromagnetic spin coupling between the dots, the sign of the MC can change as a function of the gate voltage.
Optical guidance of terrawatt laser pulses by the implosion phase of a fast Z-pinch discharge in a gas-filled capillary (2000)

A new method of optical guidance by the implosion phase of a fast Z-pinch discharge in a gas-filled capillary is proposed. An imploding plasma column has a concave electron-density profile in the radial direction, just before a stagnation phase driven by a converging current sheet and a shock wave. The feasibility of optical guidance of a high-intensity (>1 x 10(17) W/cm(2)) Ti:sapphire laser pulse by use of this method over a distance of 2 cm, corresponding to 12.5 times the Rayleigh length, has been experimentally demonstrated. The guiding-channel formation process was directly probed with a He-Ne laser beam. The electron density in the fully ionized channel was estimated to be 2.0 x 10(17) cm(-3) on the axis and 7.0 x 10(17) cm(-3) on the peaks of the channel edge, with a diameter of 70 mum, as indicated by the experimental results, which were corroborated by a magnetohydrodynamics simulation.
Latch redundancy removal without global reset (2002)

For circuits where there may be latches with no reset line, we show how to replace some of them with combinational logic. All previous work in sequential optimization by latch removal assumes a designated initial state. Without this assumption, the design can power up in any state and earlier techniques are not applicable. We present an algorithm for identifying and replacing redundant latches by combinational logic such that no environment of the design can detect the change. The new design preserves the steady state behavior as well as all initializing sequences of the old design. We report experimental results on benchmark circuits and demonstrate savings in area without adverse impact on delay.
Cholesteric Structure-1 Optical Properties (1966)

Abstract In 1889 Reinitzer,1 working with cholesteryl benzoate, discovered a state of matter that was later ter med cholesteric liquid crystals. It is doubtful whether the discovery of liquied crystals would have been made at that time if the optical properties of the cholesteric phase were less pronounced. Like other liquid crystals, matericals in this state act as birefringent fluids. however, at that point the resemblance endns. The optical properties may be summarized as follows:2
Angiotensin II Type-2 Receptor Stimulation Prevents Neural Damage by Transcriptional Activation of Methyl Methanesulfonate Sensitive 2 (2006)

The molecular mechanisms of the contribution of angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers to neuronal protection are still unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of angiotensin II type-2 (AT2) receptor stimulation on neurons and cognitive function involving a new neuroprotective factor, methyl methanesulfonate sensitive 2 (MMS2). Angiotensin II treatment of neurospheres enhanced their differentiation and increased MMS2 expression. Knockdown of the MMS2 gene by small interference RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced the number of neurospheres, with loss of sphere formation. An angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker, valsartan, enhanced such neurosphere differentiation and MMS2 induction, whereas an AT2 receptor antagonist, PD123319, inhibited them. After mice underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, AT2 receptor mRNA expression was significantly increased in the ischemic side of the brain. Passive avoidance rate to evaluate cognitive function was significantly impaired in AT2 receptor null (Agtr2-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Treatment with valsartan prevented the cognitive decline in wild-type mice, but this effect was weaker in Agtr2- mice. In ischemic brain regions, MMS2 was increased in wild-type mice, but not in Agtr2- mice. Valsartan also enhanced MMS2 expression to a greater degree in wild-type mice. Finally, intracerebroventricular administration of MMS2 siRNA showed more impaired avoidance rate after middle cerebral artery occlusion compared with that in control siRNA-transfected mice. These findings experimentally support the clinical evidence and indicate a unique mechanism of the AT2 receptor in brain protection.
Inherited and Orphan Retinal Diseases: Phenotypes, Genotypes, and Probable Treatment Groups (2005)

The Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Translational Clinical Research for Inherited and Orphan Retinal Diseases: Sponsored by the National Neurovision Research Institute Inc.: Clinical Progress in Inherited Orphan Retinal Diseases
The Emerging Role of Human Esterases (2012)

In this review, novel aspects of the role of esterases, which contribute to the metabolism of 10% of therapeutic drugs, are described. Esterases hydrolyze the compounds that contain ester, amide, and thioester bonds, which cause prodrug activation or detoxification. Among esterases, carboxylesterases are well known to be involved in the hydrolysis of a variety of drugs. Additionally, other esterases have recently received attention for their pharmacological and toxicological roles. Arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) is involved in the hydrolysis of flutamide, phenacetin, and rifamycins. AADAC is associated with adverse drug reactions because the hydrolytic metabolites of flutamide and phenacetin appear to be associated with hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity/hematotoxicity, respectively. Paraoxonase and butyrylcholinesterase hydrolyze pirocarpine/simvastatin and succinylcholine/bambuterol, respectively. Although the esterases that hydrolyze the acyl-glucuronides of drugs have largely been unknown, we recently found that α/β hydrolase domain containing 10 (ABHD10) is responsible for the hydrolysis of mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide in human liver. Because acyl-glucuronides are associated with toxicity, ABHD10 might function as a detoxification enzyme. Thus, various esterases, which include enzymes that have not been known to hydrolyze drugs, are involved in drug metabolism with different substrate specificity. Further esterase studies should be conducted to promote our understanding in clinical pharmacotherapy and drug development.
Discovery of Novel Inhibitors Targeting the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor via Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Bioassays (2014)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in regulation of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses and is regarded as an attractive anti-inflammatory pharmacological target. In this study, molecular docking-based virtual screening and in vitro bioassays were utilized to identify novel small-molecule inhibitors of MIF. The in vitro enzyme-based assay identified that ten chemically diverse compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity against MIF in the micromolar regime, including three compounds with IC50 values below 10 μM and one with an IC50 value below 1 μM (0.55 μM); the latter is 26-fold more potent than the reference compound ISO-1. The structural analysis demonstrates that most of these active compounds possess novel structural scaffolds. Further in vitro cell-based glucocorticoid overriding, chemotaxis, and Western blotting assays revealed that the three compounds can effectively inhibit the biological functions of MIF in vitro, suggesting that these compounds could be potential agents for treating inflammatory diseases.