gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leukemogenesis of b2a2-type p210 BCR/ABL in a Bone Marrow Transplantation Mouse Model Using a Lentiviral Vector (2009)

The BCR/ABL fusion oncogene found in Philadelphia-positive leukemia exists in three principle forms: p190, p210 and p230. P210 BCR/ABL is commonly found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and is further categorized into b3a2 or b2a2 subtypes on the basis of the BCR breakpoint. Although these 2 subtypes may be clinically heterogeneous, only the b3a2 BCR/ABL gene has been extensively studied at the molecular and cellular levels. In the present study, we compared the in vivo leukemogenic activity of the b3a2 and b2a2 BCR/ABL genes by using lentiviral transduction/transplantation mouse models. Lineage-depleted bone marrow cells of BALB/c mice were transduced with a lentiviral vector including either b2a2 or b3a2 BCR/ABL cDNA and then transplanted into lethally irradiated mice. In this model, p210 BCR/ABL subtype developed only B220(+), CD3e(-), Gr1(-), and Mac1(-) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia but not myeloid leukemia. There were no differences in the incidence of leukemogenesis, the white blood cell count, the percentage of blast cells, or the survival rates between the b2a2 and b3a2 groups. We have demonstrated that b2a2-type BCR/ABL has leukemogenic activity similar to that of b3a2-type BCR/ABL.
Human Rhesus-associated glycoprotein mediates facilitated transport of NH <sub>3</sub> into red blood cells (2004)

Rhesus (Rh) antigens are carried by a membrane complex that includes Rh proteins (D and CcEe), Rh-associated glycoproteins (RhAG), and accessory chains (LW and CD47) associated by noncovalent bonds. In heterologous expression systems, RhAG and its kidney orthologs function as ammonium transporters. In red blood cells (RBCs), it is generally accepted that NH(3) permeates by membrane lipid diffusion. We have revisited these issues by studying RBC and ghosts from human and mouse genetic variants with defects of proteins that comprise the Rh complex. In both normal and mutant cells, stopped-flow analyses of intracellular pH changes in the presence of inwardly directed methylammonium (CH(3)NH(+)(3)+CH(3)NH(2)) or ammonium (NH(+)(4)+NH(3)) gradients showed a rapid alkalinization phase. Cells from human and mouse variants exhibited a decrease in their kinetic rate constants that was strictly correlated to the degree of reduction of their RhAG/Rhag expression level. Rate constants were not affected by a reduction of Rh, CD47, or LW. CH(3)NH(2)/NH(3) transport was characterized by (i) a sensitivity to mercurials that is reversible by 2-mercaptoethanol and (ii) a reduction of alkalinization rate constants after bromelain digestion, which cleaves RhAG. The results show that RhAG facilitates CH(3)NH(2)/NH(3) movement across the RBC membrane and represents a potential example of a gas channel in mammalian cells. In RBCs, RhAG may transport NH(3) to detoxifying organs, like kidney and liver, and together with nonerythroid tissue orthologs may contribute to the regulation of the systemic acid-base balance.
Developments in the use of wavelets in communication systems (2002)

Research into the use of wavelets in communication systems has become an 'established' field within the last five years. Decent progress has been made in a short period of time, including finding wavelet applications, whose performance match current systems, in nearly every part of the typical communication system. This paper provides an overview of these developments by presenting wavelet implementations of various segments of a general communication system and of proposed wavelet based multiple access communication systems. Although the field is very new, promising developments have been made and the potential for future advances seems quite good.
Estado actual del conocimiento de la fauna ortopterológica de las Islas Canarias (1957)

Comunicacion pronunciada el 19 de diciembre de 1957 en el paraninfo del
Instituto de Ensenanza Media de La Laguna
Influence of Polymer Matrixes on the Photophysical Properties of UV Absorbers (2001)

The copolymerization parameters for monomer pairs of the copolymerizable UV absorbers MA-TIN 1 (2-[2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-(O-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methylpropenoyloxy)-propyl]-2-carbonyloxyethyl)phenyl]benzotriazole) and MA-TZ 1 (2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-[2-methylpropenoyloxy])propoxyphenyl]-1,3,5-triazine) with styrene and methyl methacrylate were determined. The UV absorbers were present to a higher extent in the copolymers than they are when simply present as mixtures of monomeric UV absorbers in the monomer feed. At higher temperatures, the radiationless deactivation from the excited proton-transferred singlet state becomes more efficient for the UV absorbers physically admixed to the polymer than for the respective polymeric UV absorbers. MA-TZ 1 embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) shows an equal increase of phosphorescence intensity with UV irradiation time as the decrease of the proton-transferred fluorescence. By combining fluorescence and phosphorescence measurements it becomes possible to estimate the proportion of UV stabilizer molecules with an intermolecular hydrogen-bridge to poly(methyl methacrylate) and which are not suitable for light protection of polymers at room temperature. At low pressure and temperature, the increase of light-induced phosphorescence was delayed. This “phosphorescence induction” phenomenon can be put down to the free volume of polymer matrixes, in which various UV absorbers have been incorporated. The emission spectroscopic results are applicable to products which are customary in trade, as shown by investigations on a clear coat binder system.
Synthetic Optical Crystals (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Optical CrystalsH. C. KremersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 11, 1478–1483Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50371a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50371a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Comment on ‘‘Electrical properties of epitaxially grown CdTe passivation for long-wavelength HgCdTe photodiodes’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>65</b>, 2725 (1994)] (1996)

First Page
Federated Heavy Hitters Discovery with Differential Privacy (2019)

The discovery of heavy hitters (most frequent items) in user-generated data streams drives improvements in the app and web ecosystems, but can incur substantial privacy risks if not done with care. To address these risks, we propose a distributed and privacy-preserving algorithm for discovering the heavy hitters in a population of user-generated data streams. We leverage the sampling and thresholding properties of our distributed algorithm to prove that it is inherently differentially private, without requiring additional noise. We also examine the trade-off between privacy and utility, and show that our algorithm provides excellent utility while also achieving strong privacy guarantees. A significant advantage of this approach is that it eliminates the need to centralize raw data while also avoiding the significant loss in utility incurred by local differential privacy. We validate our findings both theoretically, using worst-case analyses, and practically, using a Twitter dataset with 1.6M tweets and over 650k users. Finally, we carefully compare our approach to Apple's local differential privacy method for discovering heavy hitters.
Chemotherapy in combination with biomodulation: a 5-year experience with cyclophosphamide and interleukin-2. (1992)

There are four classical forms of immunotherapy: active, adoptive, restorative, and passive, and perhaps a fifth form, cytomodulatory, the upregulation of tumor-associated and HLA antigens to make tumors more recognizable by the immune system. Our 5-year experience with low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) (350 mg/m2) before low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) (21.6 million IU/m2/d x 5 d/wk x 2 wk per course by IV bolus) is reviewed as an example of combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Twenty-six percent (10 of 39 evaluable patients) of patients with melanoma had major clinical responses; one other patient (2%) has had more than 48 months of response after a 40% regression of all tumors. Median survival was 18 months for responders and 8 months for the group as a whole. Eleven of 41 patients (27%) lived at least 12 months and four (10%) lived at least 2 years. Liver metastases regressed in 4 of 10 cases, with responses in lung, adrenal, skin, and lymph nodes but no bone. Toxicity was tolerable. A correlation between cytolysis of lymphocytes against a natural killer-resistant melanoma cell line (LAK-like activity) was found, but the role of LAK cells in vivo remains uncertain. No effect was noted in 15 patients with renal cancer, but regressions of breast cancer were found in a shortened trial with 13 patients. While the necessity for CY has not been established in these studies, the regimen of CY + IL-2 as it stands appears to have some clinical efficacy in at least two cancers.
Probabilistic modeling and fault analysis in sequential logic using computer simulation (1990)

The problem of detecting permanent faults in sequential circuits by random testing is analyzed utilizing a continuous parameter Markov model. Given a sequential circuit with certain stuck faults specified, the original state table and its error version can be readily derived from an analysis of the circuit under fault-free and faulty conditions, respectively. By simulation of these two tables on a computer, the parameters of the desired Markov model can be obtained. The approach does not require formulation of a product state table corresponding to the fault-free state table and its faulty version, which is rather difficult, when dealing with large circuits. For a specified confidence degree, it is easy to derive the parameters of the model and to calculate the required lengths of random test patterns or the maximum testing time. A complete mathematical analysis of the model is given. It provides insight into the nature of faults in relation to random testing and the associated confidence degree.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antiproliferative effect of chlorophyllin derived from a traditional Chinese medicine Bombyx mori excreta on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells (2003)

Chlorophyllin (CHL) is the sodium-copper salts of chlorophyll derivatives. In this study, the CHL was derived from a traditional Chinese medicine, the Bombyx mori excreta. The CHL, at concentrations 25-400 microg/ml, reduced the proliferation of HL-60, K-562, S-180, and MCF-7 cells by 8.2-95.7% after 72 h of incubation. The CHL also accumulated G2/M cells and induced apoptosis in the MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the breast carcinoma cells exhibited lower cyclin D1 and cyclin E levels but higher cyclin B1 level after incubation with the CHL showing that these cyclin changes may be important for the antiproliferative effect of the CHL.
Treatment options in the management of actinic keratosis. (2004)

Successful treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) requires an understanding of available treatments and matching those treatments with each patient's disease severity, lifestyle, insurance coverage, and primary reason for the physician visit. Cryotherapy and other destructive strategies are optimal for hypertrophic and clearly delineated lesions, but they may not address subclinical lesions and are associated with risk of scarring, infection, and pigmentary changes. Topical therapies such as the fluorouracil creams are appropriate for treating large regions of affected skin but are associated with application-site irritation. A combination of destructive and topical approaches may benefit patients with multiple lesion pathologies.
Mouse oocytes regulate granulosa cell steroidogenesis (1993)

Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for the oocyte in proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells and expansion of the cumulus oophorus in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine if steroid production by cumulus granulosa cells was also modulated by oocytes. Mouse oocyte-cumulus cell complexes (intact) and complexes from which the oocytes were removed microsurgically (oocytectomized; OOX) were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; 150 ng/ml), testosterone (T; 5 x 10(-7) M) or both. Oocytectomy had no effect on the ability of cumulus cells to produce progesterone or estradiol in control cultures or in response to T. However, OOX complexes produced 17- and 36-fold more progesterone than intact complexes when cultured in the presence of FSH or FSH+T, respectively. Oocyte-conditioned medium (maximum 1 oocyte/2 microliters) had no effect on progesterone production by intact cumulus complexes, but reduced the progesterone production by OOX complexes by 75%. This inhibition was directly proportional to the number of oocytes used to condition the medium. Oocytectomy caused a slight decrease (29%) in estradiol production by complexes in the presence of FSH and T; however, OOX complexes in oocyte-conditioned medium produced almost twice as much estradiol as complexes in unconditioned medium. These results indicate that mouse oocytes secrete a factor(s) that inhibits progesterone and stimulates estradiol production by cumulus granulosa cells.
Acid-Activatable Prodrug Nanogels for Efficient Intracellular Doxorubicin Release (2011)

Endosomal pH-activatable doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug nanogels were designed, prepared, and investigated for triggered intracellular drug release in cancer cells. DOX prodrugs with drug grafting contents of 3.9, 5.7, and 11.7 wt % (denoted as prodrugs 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were conveniently obtained by sequential treatment of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethyl glycinate methacrylamide) (PEG-b-P(HEMA-co-EGMA)) copolymers with hydrazine and doxorubicin hydrochloride. Notably, prodrugs 1, 2, and 3 formed monodispersed nanogels with average sizes of 114.4, 75.3, and 66.3 nm, respectively, in phosphate buffer (PB, 10 mM, pH 7.4). The in vitro release results showed that DOX was released rapidly and nearly quantitatively from DOX prodrug nanogels at endosomal pH and 37 °C in 48 h, whereas only a minor amount (ca. 20% or less) of drug was released at pH 7.4 under otherwise the same conditions. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observations revealed that DOX prodrug nanogels delivered and released DOX into the cytosols as well as cell nuclei of RAW 264.7 cells following 24 h incubation. MTT assays demonstrated that prodrug 3 had pronounced cytotoxic effects to tumor cells following 72 h incubation with IC(50) data determined to be 2.0 and 3.4 μg DOX equiv/mL for RAW 264.7 and MCF-7 tumor cells, respectively. The corresponding polymer carrier, PEG-b-P(HEMA-co-GMA-hydrazide), was shown to be nontoxic up to a tested concentration of 1.32 mg/mL. These endosomal pH-activatable DOX prodrug nanogels uniquely combining features of water-soluble macromolecular prodrugs and nanogels offer a promising platform for targeted cancer therapy.
Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Products (1990)

Abstract Wrought copper and copper alloys are produced in various mill-product forms for a variety of applications due to their high electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, ease of fabrication, and good heat-transfer properties. This article describes the manufacturing processes used to produce wrought copper and copper alloys in the form of sheet and strip products, tubular products, and wire and cable. Common processes include melting, casting, hot and cold rolling, milling or scalping, annealing, cleaning, slitting, cutting, and leveling. In addition, the article discusses stress-relaxation characteristics of copper alloys.
An Efficient Homomorphic Aggregate Signature Scheme Based on Lattice (2014)

Homomorphic aggregate signature (HAS) is a linearly homomorphic signature (LHS) for multiple users, which can be applied for a variety of purposes, such as multi‐source network coding and sensor data aggregation. In order to design an efficient postquantum secure HAS scheme, we borrow the idea of the lattice‐based LHS scheme over binary field in the single‐user case, and develop it into a new lattice‐based HAS scheme in this paper. The security of the proposed scheme is proved by showing a reduction to the single‐user case and the signature length remains invariant. Compared with the existing lattice‐based homomorphic aggregate signature scheme, our new scheme enjoys shorter signature length and high efficiency.
Cervical Pedicle Screw Insertion: Assessment of Safety and Accuracy with Computer-Assisted Image Guidance (2000)

We used a commercially available computer-assisted image-guidance system for cervical pedicle screw insertion in both the laboratory and in a preliminary clinical setting. Nine plastic cervical spine models (C2-C7) were used in the laboratory test. The StealthStation was used to create the preoperative plan for each screw such that it would be inserted down the center of the pedicle, parallel to the long axis. Using a light-emitting diode-equipped drill guide, 2-mm holes were drilled in 108 pedicles. A total of 108 pedicle holes were drilled. The mean trajectory deviation from the surgical plan in the axial plane was 1.7+/-1.7 degrees (range, 0 to 8 degrees), and the mean deviation of the position of the hole was 1.7+/-0.6 mm (range, 0.1 to 2.9 mm). Eighty-three drill holes (76.9%) were contained within the pedicles, whereas partial cortical perforation was noted in 25 pedicles (23.1%). In the clinical setting, 36 cervical pedicle screws were inserted in nine patients using the image-guided system. Within the limits of imaging artifact, all 36 pedicle screws appear to have been inserted accurately by postoperative computed tomographic examination. No neurologic or vascular complications were encountered.
Rearrangeability of multistage shuffle/exchange networks (1988)

Although a theoretical lower bound of (2 log/sub 2/N-1) stages for rearrangeability of a network with N=2/sup n/ inputs and outputs has been known, the sufficiency of (2 log/sub 2/N-1) stages has neither been proved nor disproved. The best known upper bound for rearrangeability is (3 log/sub 2/N-3) stages. It is proved that if (2 log/sub 2/R-1) shuffle/exchange stages are sufficient for rearrangeability of a network with R=2/sup r/ inputs and outputs, then for any N>R, (3 log/sub 2/N-(r+1)) stages are sufficient for a network with N inputs and outputs. This result is established by setting some of the middle stages of the network to realize a fixed permutation and showing the reduced network to be topologically equivalent to a member of the Benes class of rearrangeable networks. From the known result that five stages are sufficient for rearrangeability when N>or=8, an upper bound of (3 log/sub 2/N-4) is obtained. Any increase in the network size R for which the rearrangeability of (2 log/sub 2/R-1) stages can be shown results in corresponding improvements in the upper bound for all N>or=R. As a result of the one-to-one correspondence that exists between the switches in the reduced shuffle/exchange network and those in the Benes network, the former network can be controlled by the well-known looping algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular analysis of immunoglobulins M and G immune response to protein antigens of Treponema pallidum in human syphilis (1984)

Protein antigens of Treponema pallidum precipitated by immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies of sera from patients with untreated primary and secondary syphilis as well as treated secondary syphilis were characterized on a molecular basis. T. pallidum was labeled internally with [35S]methionine and solubilized in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-1% Triton X-100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on 12.5% gels followed by autoradiography revealed 32 distinct proteins with molecular weights between 13,500 and 200,000. Twenty-three proteins of T. pallidum with molecular weights between 15,500 and 115,000 were identified as antigens by double antibody radioimmunoprecipitation with IgM and IgG antibodies of sera from syphilitic patients. The molecular analysis of the IgM and IgG immune response to T. pallidum in human syphilis is in accord with earlier immunological observations. Finally, utilizing syphilitic human sera, we characterized 15 protein antigens of T. pallidum that are common to Treponema phagedenis by partial absorption of IgM and IgG antibodies with an ultrasonicate of T. phagedenis.
Critical roles of RNA helicase DDX3 and its interactions with eIF4E/PABP1 in stress granule assembly and stress response (2011)

Upon environmental insults, SGs (stress granules) aid cell survival by serving as sites of translational silencing. RNA helicase DDX3 was reported to associate with SGs. However, its role in SG physiology remains undefined. We have demonstrated previously that DDX3 acts as an eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E)-inhibitory protein to suppress translation. In the present study, we indentified the SG marker PABP1 [poly(A)-binding protein 1] as another direct interaction partner of DDX3. We established various stimuli as novel stressors that direct DDX3 with eIF4E and PABP1 into SGs, but not to processing bodies. Interestingly, down-regulation of DDX3 interfered with SG assembly, led to nuclear accumulation of PABP1 and reduced cell viability following stress. Conversely, supplementation with a shRNA (short hairpin RNA)-resistant DDX3 restored SG formation, the translocation of PABP1 into SGs and cell survival. Notably, the SG-inducing capacity of DDX3 is independent of its ATPase and helicase activities, but mapped to the eIF4E-binding region. Moreover, the eIF4E-binding-defective mutant DDX3 was impaired in its SG-inducing ability and protective effect on cell survival under adverse conditions. All together, the present study has characterized DDX3 as a pivotal SG-nucleating factor and illustrates co-ordinative roles for DDX3, eIF4E and PABP1 in integrating environmental stress with translational regulation.
Loud Speakers and Microphones* (1934)

In ordinary radio broadcast of symphony music, the effort is to create the effect of taking the listener to the scene of the program, whereas in reproducing such music in a large hall before a large gathering the effect required is that of transporting the distant orchestra to the listeners. Lacking the visual diversion of watching the orchestra play, such an audience centers its interest more acutely in the music itself, thus requiring a high degree of perfection in the reproducing apparatus both as to quality and as to the illusion of localization of the various instruments. Principles of design of the loud speakers and microphones used in the Philadelphia-Washington experiment are treated at length in this paper.