gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic-inorganic hybrids assembled from lanthanide and 1,4-phenylenebis(phosphonate) (2011)

Seven new ionic solids built on polyoxometalate (POM) anions and [Co(en) 3 ] 3+ cations namely, [Co(en) 3 Mo 8 O 26 (H 3 O)(Cl)] (DMF) 4 (H 2 O) (Co-Mo 8 -DMF), [-PW 12 O 40 ] [Co(en) 3 ]6DMF (Co-W 12 P-DMF), [-PW 12 O 40 ] [Co(en) 3 ]6DEF (Co-W 12 P-DEF), [-PMo 12 O 40 ][Co(en ) 3 ]5.5DMF (Co-Mo 12 P-DMF), [-PMo 12 O 40 ] [Co(en) 3 ]6DEF (Co-Mo 12 P-DEF), [-SiW 12 O 40 ] [Co(en) 3 ] 3/2 [Cl] 1/2 6DMF3H 2 O (Co-W 12 Si-DMF) and [-SiW 12 O 40 ][Co(en) 3 ] 6DEF (Co-W 12 Si-DEF) have been synthesized from non aqueous (DMF/DEF) media and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We attempt to understand if [Co(en) 3 ] 3+ cations used in these reaction systems play a crucial role in controlling the assembly of these crystals. These ionic solids, after removal of the DMF or DEF molecules, are found to exhibit size selective H 2 adsorption properties over N 2 . The amount of hydrogen adsorption was influenced by POM anion types and their orientations. CoMo 12 P-DEF has the highest (0.9 wt%) H 2 uptake and CoW 12 P-DEF has the lowest (0.4 wt%) uptake among the series when the adsorbate pressure approached 1 atm. We believe that the successful synthesis of these seven new ionic solids and the discovery of their selective H 2 adsorption properties, as a result of the cooperative behavior between their cationic/anionic component species, will open up new vistas in the search for polyoxometalate based materials with useful absorptive properties. We are further engaged in designing porous ionic crystals with functionalized interiors for enhanced gas adsorption capacity and higher selectivity.
The Effect of Sodium Fluoride and Sodium Silicate on Growth and Bone Strength of Broilers (1983)

Two experiments were conducted using 300 broilers each. Standard broiler diets were supplemented by adding to the drinking water either sodium fluoride or sodium meta-silicate. Sodium fluoride provided 120 ppm Na and 100 ppm F and 120 ppm Na and 74 ppm Si were provided by the sodium silicate. Control groups received tap water. All groups received a standard corn-soybean meal diet and drinking water ad libitum. All broilers were reared in floor pens, and hardwood shavings were used for bedding. Live weights and feed conversion were determined every 2 weeks. Growth rates, feed conversions, and mortality were not affected by the sodium salts in either experiment. Litter conditions in the pens were closely observed, and no differences were found resulting from the addition of either sodium salt to the drinking water. A significant decrease in humeri strength was observed when one wing of broilers in the control and sodium fluoride treated groups was immobilized with tape during the last 2 weeks of each experiment. This loss of strength was not significant in the sodium silicate group. In both experiments, breaking strength and ash content of humeri and tibiae were significantly increased in birds fed the sodium fluoride when compared to the control group. The sodium silicate group yielded intermediate results.
Exploratory Under-Sampling for Class-Imbalance Learning (2006)

Under-sampling is a class-imbalance learning method which uses only a subset of major class examples and thus is very efficient. The main deficiency is that many major class examples are ignored. We propose two algorithms to overcome the deficiency. EasyEnsemble samples several subsets from the major class, trains a learner using each of them, and combines the outputs of those learners. BalanceCascade is similar to EasyEnsemble except that it removes correctly classified major class examples of trained learners from further consideration. Experiments show that both of the proposed algorithms have better AUC scores than many existing class-imbalance learning methods. Moreover, they have approximately the same training time as that of under-sampling, which trains significantly faster than other methods.
A method for authentication and key exchange for seamless inter-domain handovers (2005)

With the rapid growth of the Internet and mobile wireless technologies, an ever-increasing requirement on securing services between mobile users and access networks has become especially important. When a user roams into a foreign network, in addition to data confidentiality, mutual authentication between the user and the provider is also a vital issue. These concerns and the desire to stay seamlessly connected lead to the demand of fast authentication and key establishment mechanisms, which are particularly difficult in inter-domain handover scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a novel mechanism to provide a simple but effective method, which forwards the key from the previous access router to the new access router that the mobile node attaches to. With this mechanism, trust relationship can be re-established even if the access routers do not trust each other in such an inter-domain scenario. Compared with the classical authentication method used in GSM and a recently proposed EAP-based secure key exchange protocol, our approach shows advantages of faster key exchange and authentication with only minimal message exchange in the wireless link.
<title>Interleaved diffractive optical element design</title> (2001)

In this paper we present a design method for meso-scale diffractive optical elements (DOEs). We briefly review the purpose and functionality of DOEs in general and describe our technique for designing on-axis as the basis for more elaborate devices, namely beam splitters. We explore two alternative approaches to beam splitter design and their respective issues. We discuss the limitations of our design method, in both fundamental and practical terms, and present solutions for those problems. We employ electromagnetic modeling techniques to simulate the performance of our devices and we present quantitative results as well as qualitative comparisons of our designs. Finally, we discuss an optimization algorithm for improving DOE performance aimed specifically at achieving beam splitters that are robust to misalignment and nonuniform illumination.
Phenotypic Characteristics of Rabbit Intervertebral Disc Cells (1999)

Findings showed that intervertebral disc cells all express cartilage-specific matrix proteins with quantitative differences, depending on their anatomic situation. It is suggested that anulus fibrosus cells are chondrocytic cells at a different stage of differentiation than articular and growth plate chondrocytes. The phenotype of nucleus pulposus cells still is unclear. They could be chondrocytic or notochordal. A definitive answer to this important question requires differentiating markers of notochordal cells.
The Genus Zygorhynchus (1959)

SUMMARYThe genus Zygorhynchus Vuillemin, which has had 17 species and varieties described in it, has been studied. It is concluded that there are six species and one variety, including one new species, Z. californiensis, and a new variety, Z. exponens var. smithii. In addition Z. exponens Burgeff, Z. moelleri Vuill., Z. macrocarpus Ling-Young, Z. heterogamus (Vuill.) Vuill. And Z. japonicus Kominami are recognized. Z. vuilleminii Namysl. has been reduced to synonymy under Z. moelleri, and Z. hennebergii Naumov is considered as a doubtful species.
A Framework for E-Tree Service over MPLS Network (2011)

This document proposes a solution framework for supporting Metro
Ethernet Forum (MEF) Ethernet Tree (E-Tree) services over a
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network. The objective is to
provide a simple and effective approach to emulate E-Tree services in
addition to Ethernet LAN (E-LAN) services on an existing MPLS network.
A microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap for scalable quantum information processing (2006)

We demonstrate confinement of individual atomic ions in a radio-frequency Paul trap with a novel geometry where the electrodes are located in a single plane and the ions confined above this plane. This device is realized with a relatively simple fabrication procedure and has important implications for quantum state manipulation and quantum information processing using large numbers of ions. We confine laser-cooled Mg-24 ions approximately 40 micrometer above planar gold electrodes. We measure the ions' motional frequencies and compare them to simulations. From measurements of the escape time of ions from the trap, we also determine a heating rate of approximately five motional quanta per millisecond for a trap frequency of 5.3 MHz.
Characterisation of the novel gene G11 lying adjacent to the complement C4A gene in the human major histocompatibility complex (1994)

Twelve transcriptional units have now been located in a 160 kb segment of DNA that includes the genes encoding members of the serum complement system C2, Factor B (Bf) and C4 within the class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The common arrangement of these genes is tel-C2-Bf-RD-G11-C4A-[P450c21A-YA-XA]-C4B-[P450c21B-YB ]-+ ++TNX-cen. Characterisation of cDNA and genomic clones corresponding to the novel gene G11 has revealed that the gene spans approximately 9.1 kb of DNA and is split into 7 exons. The 5' end of the gene is associated with a CpG-island while the 3' end of the gene lies 611 bp from the transcriptional start site of the C4A gene. The approximately 1.4 kb G11 mRNA, which is expressed in a number of different cell types including monocytes, hepatocytes, epithelial cells, T and B lymphocytes, encodes protein products of 254 or 258 amino acids due to differential use of two splice sites lying 12 bp apart at the end of exon 3. These polypeptides share homology with a limited number of proteins including human cytochrome P450XIB1 and the tyrosine kinase transforming protein from fujinami virus. Duplication of the C4/P450c21 transcriptional unit occurred by a nonhomologous recombination event. Sequence analysis of a 1.5 kb segment of DNA flanking the C4B gene has revealed that 914 bp of the 3' end of the G11 gene also lies 611 bp from the transcriptional start site of the C4B gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dual canonicalization: An answer to the homograph attack (2012)

Phishing attacks have frequently used homographs since they were first described a decade ago. Though a wide variety of tools and techniques have been used to mitigate the effectiveness of these attacks, none have offered a comprehensive solution. This paper describes the homograph attack as a mathematical problem, identifies the various flavors of the attack, and provides a solution applicable to a wide variety of scenarios.
Polysaccharide-Based Chiral LC Columns (1998)

Liquid chromatographic (LC) enantioseparations of various racemates on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are mainly described. The wide applicability and usefulness of this technique in analysis and preparation of optical isomers (enantiomers) have been demonstrated by a comprehensive survey of the literature.
Density functional theory study of structures and spectroscopic properties of Cu-n(-) and CunCO- (n=2-7) (2003)

Equilibrium geometries, stabilities, preferred fragmentation channels, CO adsorption features and spectroscopic properties of Cu - n and Cu n CO - were investigated by the density functional theory(DFT) combined with the relativistic effective core potentials. The calculated results show that the odd numbered copper cluster generally has a relatively higher ionization potential than the even numbered species, and CO dissociation from the odd Cu 5CO - requires the largest energy of 1.21 eV among such copper cluster monocarbonyls here. Such high stabilities of the odd copper cluster anions and Cu 5CO - are consistent with the closed shell effect within the jellium shell model approximation. B3LYP fragmentation energies reveal that the preferred dissociation channel of the odd numbered copper cluster anion is the loss of copper dimer Cu 2, while the loss of Cu is favored in energy for the even numbered copper cluster anion. On the basis of current DFT calculations, the size dependences of static polarizabilities and the features of CO adsorption on copper clusters were discussed.
Forced Convection Heat Transfer of a Phase Change Material (PCM) Nanoemulsion (2013)

Phase Change Materials (PCM) are suitable for use in Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems as they can store and release both sensible heat and latent heat during phase change. This investigation examines the thermophysical properties and heat transfer properties of a beeswax nanoemulsion during forced convection in a circular tube. First, the beeswax nanoemulsion was synthesized using surfactants and water, which possesses a relatively low viscosity to enhance pumpability, as well as a high beeswax percentage by mass for greater latent heat storage capacity. The test section was a circular stainless steel tube, 11.3 mm in diameter and heated uniformly using an Ohmic heating method. To determine the heat transfer coefficient, the inlet and exit nanoemulsion temperatures and tube wall temperatures were measured at several axial locations. The forced convection heat transfer coefficient results were first compared to water in order to verify the setup accuracy as well as the degree of success of the PCM in heat storage ability. The experimental results indicate suitable heat transfer coefficients for a stable beeswax nanoemulsion, making it a potential candidate for charging and discharging thermal energy in thermal storage applications.
A Hetero Diels–Alder Concerted vs. Aldol Stepwise Mechanism in the Cyclization of Silyloxyazadienes with Aldehydes: A Theoretical Study (2005)

Abstract The Diels–Alder reaction of 3‐silyloxy‐2‐azadiene with formaldehyde has been studied at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory and the role played by a Lewis acid evaluated. It is shown that the reaction is preferred when the Lewis acid coordinates to the aldehyde oxygen. This coordination allows for a concerted as well as a stepwise mechanism for the cyclization. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Music and Emotions in the Brain: Familiarity Matters (2011)

The importance of music in our daily life has given rise to an increased number of studies addressing the brain regions involved in its appreciation. Some of these studies controlled only for the familiarity of the stimuli, while others relied on pleasantness ratings, and others still on musical preferences. With a listening test and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, we wished to clarify the role of familiarity in the brain correlates of music appreciation by controlling, in the same study, for both familiarity and musical preferences. First, we conducted a listening test, in which participants rated the familiarity and liking of song excerpts from the pop/rock repertoire, allowing us to select a personalized set of stimuli per subject. Then, we used a passive listening paradigm in fMRI to study music appreciation in a naturalistic condition with increased ecological value. Brain activation data revealed that broad emotion-related limbic and paralimbic regions as well as the reward circuitry were significantly more active for familiar relative to unfamiliar music. Smaller regions in the cingulate cortex and frontal lobe, including the motor cortex and Broca's area, were found to be more active in response to liked music when compared to disliked one. Hence, familiarity seems to be a crucial factor in making the listeners emotionally engaged with music, as revealed by fMRI data.
Characterization of a human pararotavirus (1984)

A virus isolate with the properties of a pararotavirus was found after routine analysis by RNA electrophoresis of 658 samples of diarrheic feces from hospitalized infants and young children in Mexico City. Of the patients included in this survey, which was initiated in 1977, 29% excreted rotaviruses which were detected by their characteristic RNA pattern after gel electrophoresis. The morphology and sedimentation coefficient of this pararotavirus, which was the apparent cause of a diarrhea with moderate dehydration in a 2-year-old male infant, were indistinguishable from those of rotaviruses, but its buoyant density in CsCl was slightly higher than that of simian rotavirus SA11. By electron microscopy, the viral particles showed a regular pattern of cavities or holes that constituted the 5- and 6-coordinated units of the virion with a structure characteristic of T = 12. The virion also was apparently composed of protein classes similar to those found in rotaviruses. Seroconversion in the patient and presence of anti-pararotavirus antibodies in most of the members of the family of the patient was shown by immunoelectron microscopy. Of the sera from 12 healthy adults which were examined by this technique, seven were negative, three were slightly positive, and only two were strongly positive.
Interferon-α And Donor Buffy Coat Transfusions For Treatment Of Relapsed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (1993)

Eight patients with chronic myeloid leukemia relapse after allogeneic BMT were treated with IFN-alpha and buffy coat transfusions (BC) of the bone marrow donor. The antileukemic effect of this treatment was directly demonstrated in 4 patients by the disappearance of Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases or the loss of detectable BCR-ABL transcripts by polymerase chain reaction. In 2 patients in whom cytogenetic or polymerase chain reaction analysis was not performed, a change in hemopoietic chimerism with recurrence of donor-type hemopoiesis was demonstrated. Two patients, both treated in advanced stages of hematological relapse after BMT, did not respond. However, severe side effects of the treatment were observed: graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 5 patients. Two of these patients progressed to severe chronic GVHD and 1 patient ultimately died of this complication. GVHD occurred in 5 of the 6 responding patients; one patient responded without developing clinical symptoms of GVHD. Six patients developed bone marrow hypoplasia after IFN/BC treatment, and pancytopenia occurred in 4 patients. None of these 4 patients recovered spontaneously and 2 patients died of complications of pancytopenia (cerebral bleeding, infection). Our results demonstrate that treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia relapse with IFN and BC transfusions is highly effective in patients with relapse in chronic phase. The occurrence of GVHD and pancytopenia, however, resulted in a high treatment-associated morbidity and mortality. Whereas a response to treatment was observed in 1 patient without GVHD, indicating that GVHD and a graft-versus-leukemia effect may be clinically separable, bone marrow hypoplasia occurred in all responding patients.
Self-assembly Patterning of Nano/micro-particles (2007)

Conceptual process and SEM micrographs of spherical particle assemblies.
Electronic Sensor Nodes Powered over Fibre Optimized for Ultra-Precise Temperature Measurements in Magneticresonance Imaging Machines (2012)

Summary: Sensorial materials are fundamental for new intelligent products. Implementing sensorial functions and local data processing capabilities into the materials will lead to intelligent products that can “feel” and “judge” and therefore interact with other systems, human users and the environment, contributing to our efforts towards energy savings, safety and security, mobility, and health. To realize this vision, the DFKI, with other national industrial and scientific, is developing intelligent sensor nodes connected by optical fibres in a largescale sensor network. In contrast to other wired or wireless sensor networks, both a high-speed data link and power supply are realized via an optical fibre. This makes batteries or other local energy sources for the sensor nodes superfluous and the network immune against strong electro-magnetic influences, which are typical for harsh industrial environments or some medical applications like magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, the lack of a local energy source reduces significantly the sensor node’s size and makes it completely maintenance-free which is a key aspect for the integration into new materials. The paper briefly describes the general idea of ultra-low power electronic sensor nodes and the joint transmission of data and power over optical fibres as well as its realization. As an example, a first industrial application is presented, making use of the system’s electro-magnetic immunity for highly precise multichannel temperature and acceleration measurements in magnetic resonance imaging machines. In addition, the key factors for achieving a greater flexibility compared to classical fibre optic sensor networks are pointed out.
World Health Organization (2014)

The World Health Organization (WHO) was established in 1948 as the United Nations specialized agency for health. Its creation was preceded by a long history of international health cooperation. The influenza pandemic of 412 BC, the Plague of Athens in 430 BC (typhus), the Black Death (bubonic plague) of the fourteenth century, and exchange of infectious diseases between the eastern and western hemispheres from 1492 (Crosby 1972) prompted early forms of cooperation to control epidemic diseases across continents (Watts 2003). From the mid-nineteenth century, efforts began to be more formalized via 14 International Sanitary Conferences held between 1851 and 1938. Four international conventions were agreed by 1903, which were later codified and consolidated into the International Sanitary Regulations, the forerunner of the present-day International Health Regulations. This was followed in 1907 by the establishment of a permanent body, the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (OIHP), to collect and report epidemiological data from member states. Following the devastating influenza pandemic of 1918–19, which killed an estimated 25 million people worldwide, the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) was created in 1920. The LNHO was envisioned as going beyond statistical collation and dissemination, organizing member states 'to take steps in matters of international concern for the prevention and control of disease' (League of Nations 1919: Article 23(f)). This desire to expand the scope of international health cooperation, however, was overtaken by stronger political tides which saw the US withdraw from participating in the League of Nations. The US was active, however, in the formation of the regional Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB) in 1902.
A Machine Learning Approach for RDP-based Lateral Movement Detection (2019)

Detecting cyber threats has been an on-going research endeavor. In this era, advanced persistent threats (APTs) can incur significant cost for organizations and businesses. The ultimate goal of cyber security is to thwart attackers from achieving their malicious intent, whether it is credential stealing, infrastructure takeover, or program sabotage. Every cyber attack goes through several stages before its termination. Lateral movement (LM) is one of those stages which is of particular importance. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a method used in LM to successfully authenticate to an unauthorized host that leaves footprints on both host and network logs. In this paper, we propose to detect evidence of LM with an anomaly detection approach that leverages Windows RDP event logs. We evaluate various supervised machine learning (ML) techniques for classifying RDP sessions with high precision and recall. We also compare the performance of our proposed approach to a state-of-the-art approach and demonstrate that our ML model outperforms in classifying RDP sessions in Windows event logs.