gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency diverse waveforms for compressive radar sensing (2010)

High range resolution radar systems use wideband frequency modulated waveforms to estimate the spatial distribution of the scatterers in the scene. Estimation of range profiles from backscatter energy is a linear inverse problem. The emerging field of compressive sensing has provided provable performance guarantees and signal recovery algorithms for random sub-sampling of sparse or compressible signals. In this paper a novel compressive sensing strategy for radar is introduced which relies on using waveforms with frequency diversity on transmit and random aliasing on receive, that shifts the burden of the sampling operator from the receiver to the transmitter. The transmitter and receiver structure for compressive sensing is described and the sensing matrix for the proposed compressive sensing strategy is derived for use in compressive sensing recovery algorithms based on sparsity regularized inversion. A preliminary experimental demonstration of the compressive sensing strategy is given through sampling of staggered multifrequency linear FM signals through a single low rate A/D.
An Item Based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Using Rough Set Prediction (2009)

Recommender systems represent personalized services that aim at predicting userspsila interest on information items available in the application domain. Collaborative filtering technique has been proved to be one of the most successful techniques in recommendation systems in recent years. Poor quality is one major challenge in collaborative filtering recommender systems. Sparsity of userspsila ratings is the major reason causing the poor quality. To solve this problem, this paper proposed an item based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm using the rough set theory prediction. This method employs rough set theory to fill the vacant ratings of the user-item matrix where necessary. Then it utilizes the item based collaborative filtering to produce the recommendation. The experiments were made on a common data set using different filtering algorithms. The results show that the proposed recommender algorithm combining rough set theory and item based collaborative filtering can improve the accuracy of the collaborative filtering recommendation system.
SESAMs for high-power femtosecond modelocking: power scaling of an Yb:LuScO_3 thin disk laser to 23 W and 235 fs (2011)

We report on power scaling of a modelocked thin disk laser based on the broadband mixed sesquioxide material Yb:LuScO₃. One of the key elements to achieve this result was an improved SESAM design with reduced two-photon-absorption (TPA) and high damage threshold. In a first experiment, using a standard antiresonant SESAM with no topcoating, we could demonstrate record short pulse durations of 195 fs at a moderate average power of 9.5 W. Furthermore, we were able to power scale our thin disk laser while keeping the pulses short reaching 23 W at a pulse duration of 235 fs. This was made possible by designing a new SESAM with multiple quantum wells (QW) and a suitable dielectric topcoating. We will present SESAM optimization guidelines for short pulse generation from high-power modelocked oscillators.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC METHODS. 12. DIRECT ROOM TEMPERATURE ESTERIFICATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1979)

Abstract 4‐Amino‐pyridine der Art (I) stellen wirksame Katalysatoren für die Veresterung von Carbinolen wie (II) bzw. (VI) dar.
RNA interference in the Asian Longhorned Beetle:Identification of Key RNAi Genes and Reference Genes for RT-qPCR (2017)

Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis is a serious invasive forest pest in several countries including the United States, Canada, and Europe. RNA interference (RNAi) technology is being developed as a novel method for pest management. Here, we identified the ALB core RNAi genes including those coding for Dicer, Argonaute, and double-stranded RNA-binding proteins (dsRBP) as well as for proteins involved in dsRNA transport and the systemic RNAi. We also compared expression of six potential reference genes that could be used to normalize gene expression and selected gapdh and rpl32 as the most reliable genes among different tissues and stages of ALB. Injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting gene coding for inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) into larvae and adults resulted in a significant knockdown of this gene and caused the death of 90% of the larvae and 100% of adults. No mortality of both larvae and adults injected with dsRNA targeting gene coding for green fluorescence protein (GFP, as a negative control) was observed. These data suggest that functional RNAi machinery exists in ALB and a potential RNAi-based method could be developed for controlling this insect.
Modulation of angiogenesis-related proteins synthesis by sodium butyrate in colon cancer cell line HT29 (2002)

Sodium butyrate (NaB), a short-chain fatty acid naturally present in the human colon, is able to induce cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. In addition to these effects, we investigated the effect of NaB on two angiogenesis-related proteins in a colon carcinoma cell line (HT29): vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most potent angiogenic factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, the main transcription activator of the VEGF gene, which are both constitutively expressed at high levels in HT29 also in normoxic conditions. NaB treatment had a different effect on VEGF165 and HIF-1alpha expression. In fact, it induced a dose-dependent down regulation of the VEGF165 protein level that was not paralleled by a concomitant down regulation of the corresponding mRNA, suggesting a post-translational regulation of the factor. Conversely, after 24 h of treatment all the tested NaB concentrations reduced the HIF-1alpha protein level, whereas after a longer time of exposure HIF-1alpha level increased in the presence of a high NaB concentration (2 mM) with a concomitant increase in HIF-1alpha mRNA. These results indicate that NaB, besides regulating other fundamental cellular processes, is able to modulate the expression of two important angiogenesis-related molecules and suggested a further possible clinical application of this short-chain fatty acid as an anti-angiogenic compound in association with conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
Towards a spatial multidimensional model (2005)

Data warehouses and OLAP systems help to interactively analyze huge volume of data. This data, extracted from transactional databases, frequently contains spatial information which is useful for decision-making process. Integration of spatial data in multidimensional models leads to the concept of SOLAP (Spatial OLAP). Using a spatial measure as a geographical object, i.e. with geometric and descriptive attributes, raises problems regarding the aggregation operation in its semantic and implementation aspects. This paper shows the requirements for a multidimensional spatial data model and presents a multidimensional data model which is able to support complex objects as measures, inter-dependent attributes for measures and aggregation functions, use of ad-hoc aggregation functions and n to n relations between fact and dimension, in order to handle geographical data, according to its particular nature in an OLAP context.
Basic Concepts of Formal Ontology (1998)

The term ‘formal ontology ’ was first used by the philosopher Edmund Husserl in his Logical Investigations to signify the study of those formal structures and relations – above all relations of part and whole – which are exemplified in the subject-matters of the different material sciences. We follow Husserl in presenting the basic concepts of formal ontology as falling into three groups: the theory of part and whole, the theory of dependence, and the theory of boundary, continuity and contact. These basic concepts are presented in relation to the problem of providing an account of the formal ontology of the mesoscopic realm of everyday experience, and specifically of providing an account of the concept of individual substance.
Efficiency of a Semiautomated Coding and Review Process for Notification of Critical Findings in Diagnostic Imaging (2006)

When a significant unexpected finding such as malignancy is noted on a study, the standard of care generally holds that the radiologist communicate the findings to the referring physician and document the communication in the radiology report. Despite this standard, for a variety of reasons it remains possible that the direct care provider might receive such notification but not initiate an appropriate workup. On the basis of prior root cause analysis, we developed and instituted a semiautomated process for notification of critical diagnostic imaging findings. We now report our 12-month experience with the process.A diagnostic code was attached to every radiology report. When a significant unexpected finding occurred, our radiologists, in addition to contacting the appropriate clinician, gave the report the designation code 8. On a weekly basis, a list of code 8 cases was passed to the cancer registrar at our institution, who tracked the cases to ensure that they were appropriately followed up.In the 12-month period after initiation of this system, we performed 37,736 radiologic examinations at our institute. Of these, 395 cases were given code 8. All code 8 cases were followed up by the tumor registrar. In 35 cases, no workup was documented after 2 weeks. Of these, eight cases would have been completely lost to follow-up if this safety net had not been in place.Failures of communication, documentation errors, and various system failures may lead to an untoward outcome for the patient. We devised a simple system to ensure that significant unexpected findings on imaging received appropriate attention. An additional level of redundancy has increased the probability of optimal patient outcome.
Clinical Effectiveness of Non-Drug Treatment for Hypertension: a Meta-Analysis (1994)

Abstract We conducted a meta-analysis of the clinical effectiveness of treatments for essential hypertension using 166 studies that evaluated the effects of diuretics, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers, weight reduction, sodium and alcohol restriction, physical exercise, calcium and potassium supplements, single-component and multi-component relaxation therapy, and individualized cognitive-behavioral therapies. The findings were consistent with previous reviews that weight reduction, physical exercise, reduced sodium and alcohol intake, potassium supplements, and standardized relaxation treatments led to pressure reductions which mostly fell below effect size magnitudes observed with drug therapies. Of the non-drug approaches, weight reduction/physical exercise, and individualized cognitive-behavioral psychological therapy were particularly effective and did not differ from drug treatments in observed raw effect sizes for systolic blood pressure reductions. Calcium supplements were the least effective intervention. Drug therapies were initiated at higher initial levels of blood pressure than non-drug therapies with average pressures of 154.1 mmHg vs. 145.4 mmHg systolic and 101.5 mmHg vs. 94.3 mmHg diastolic pressure for drug/non-drug treatments respectively. After adjustment for differences in initial pressure levels, the effects for non-drug therapies increased, and the effect size of individualized psychological therapy matched the effect sizes of drug treatments for systolic and diastolic pressure reduction. These findings suggest that some non-drug therapies are more effective than commonly believed especially when differences in pre-treatment blood pressure levels are accounted for.
Evolving From Value Chain to Value Grid (2006)

The term ?value chain? suggests an orderly progression of activities that allows managers to formulate profitable strategies and coordinate operations with suppliers and customers. Using examples from the telecom, pharmaceutical, steel and auto industries, the authors argue for a more complex view of value ? one that is represented by a ?value grid?. The grid approach allows firms to move beyond their industry lines to identify opportunities and threats. It pushes managers to understand the power balance between suppliers and manufacturers. The new pathways to value can be vertical (as firms explore opportunities upstream or downstream from the adjacent tiers in their value chain); horizontal (as firms identify opportunities from spanning similar tiers in multiple value chains); and even diagonal (as firms look more integratively across value chains and tiers for prospects to enhance performance and mitigate risk).
Long Decoding Runs for Galileo's Convolutional Codes (1988)

Decoding results are described for long decoding runs of Galileo's convolutional codes. A 1 k-bit/sec hardware Viterbi decoder is used for the (15, 1/4) convolutional code, and a software Viterbi decoder is used for the (7, 1/2) convolutional code. The output data of these long runs are stored in data files using a data compression format which can reduce file size by a factor of 100 to 1 typically. These data files can be used to replicate the long, time-consuming runs exactly and are useful to anyone who wants to analyze the burst statistics of the Viterbi decoders. The 1 k-bit/sec hardware Viterbi decoder was developed in order to demonstrate the correctness of certain algorithmic concepts for decoding Galileo's experimental (15, 1/4) code, and for the long-constraint-length codes in general. The hardware decoder can be used both to search for good codes and to measure accurately the performance of known codes.
Modulation of Cell Wall Structure and Antimicrobial Susceptibility by a <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinase and Phosphatase (2009)

It is well established that prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike utilize phosphotransfer to regulate cellular functions. One method by which this occurs is via eukaryote-like serine/threonine kinase (ESTK)- and phosphatase (ESTP)-regulated pathways. The role of these enzymes in Staphylococcus aureus has not yet been examined. This resilient organism is a common cause of hospital-acquired and community-associated infections, infecting immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts alike. In this study, we have characterized a major functional ESTK (STK) and ESTP (STP) in S. aureus and found them to be critical modulators of cell wall structure and susceptibility to cell wall-acting beta-lactam antibiotics. By utilizing gene knockout strategies, we created S. aureus N315 mutants lacking STP and/or STK. The strain lacking both STP and STK displayed notable cell division defects, including multiple and incomplete septa, bulging, and irregular cell size, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Mutants lacking STP alone displayed thickened cell walls and increased resistance to the peptidoglycan-targeting glycylglycine endopeptidase lysostaphin, compared to the wild type. Additionally, mutant strains lacking STK or both STK and STP displayed increased sensitivity to cell wall-acting cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics. Together, these results indicate that S. aureus STK- and STP-mediated reversible phosphorylation reactions play a critical role in proper cell wall architecture, and thus the modulation of antimicrobial resistance, in S. aureus.
A high resolution multihit time to digital converter integrated circuit (1997)

We describe a test chip for a pipelined, multihit time to digital converter, capable of operating in common stop mode, with double hit resolution of approximately 10 nanoseconds, maximum time range of 10 microseconds and least count of 50 picoseconds. This is constructed with a standard CMOS process using a novel application of the Vernier principle. The test chip demonstrates this application. This device has many potential applications in high energy and nuclear physics experiments, as well as other fields of research. We present results of measurements made on this test chip.
Establishment and characterization of a human cancer cell line that produces human colony-stimulating factor. (1978)

A human colony-stimulating factor (CSF) producing cell line, T3M-1, has been established from explant cultures of a human squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity that secretes human CSF. It has been continously propagated during the past 15 months. The cells grew in a monolayered sheet with about 17 hr of population-doubling time and showed a colony-forming capacity with about 5% plating efficiency. The cells exhibited an epithelioid morphology resembling the structure of the original tumor, and they showed "tumor takes" when inoculated into nude mice. Karyotypic analysis revealed the cell line to be a human aneuploid one with a hypotriploid mode, including the Y-chromosome(s) and at least 10 common markers. T3M-1 cells possess the characteristic function of human CSF production in vitro, and a marked neutrophilia was observed in nude mice bearing the tumors produced by inoculation with the T3M-1 represents a new human cell line that secretes human CSF.
Runtime Support for Adaptive Spatial Partitioning and Inter-Kernel Communication on GPUs (2014)

GPUs have gained tremendous popularity in a broad range of application domains. These applications possess varying grains of parallelism and place high demands on compute resources -- many times imposing real-time constraints, requiring flexible work schedules, and relying on concurrent execution of multiple kernels on the device. These requirements present a number of challenges when targeting current GPUs. To support this class of applications, and to take full advantage of the large number of compute cores present on the GPU, we need a new mechanism to support concurrent execution and provide flexible mapping of compute kernels to the GPU. In this paper, we describe a new scheduling mechanism for dynamic spatial partitioning of the GPU, which adapts to the current execution state of compute workloads on the device. To enable this functionality, we extend the OpenCL runtime environment to map multiple command queues to a single device, and effectively partitioning the device. The result is that kernels that can benefit from concurrent execution on a partitioned device can effectively utilize the full compute resources on the GPU. To accelerate next-generation workloads, we also support an inter-kernel communication mechanism that enables concurrent kernels to interact in a producer-consumer relationship. The proposed partitioning mechanism is evaluated using real world applications taken from signal and image processing, linear algebra, and data mining domains. For these performance-hungry applications we achieve a 3.1X performance speedup using a combination of the proposed scheduling scheme and inter-kernel communication, versus relying on the conventional GPU runtime.
Neurotrophins and Neurotrophin Receptors in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (2013)

Neurotrophins (NTs) are emerging as important mediators of angiogenesis and fibrosis. We investigated the expression of the NTs nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and their receptors TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). As a comparison, we examined the expression of NTs and their receptors in the retinas of diabetic rats. Vitreous samples from 16 PDR and 15 nondiabetic patients were studied by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Epiretinal membranes from 17 patients with PDR were studied by immunohistochemistry. Rats were made diabetic with a single high dose of streptozotocin and retinas of rats were examined by Western blot analysis. Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of NT-3 and NT-4 and the shedding of receptors TrkA and TrkB in vitreous samples from PDR patients compared to nondiabetic controls, whereas NGF and BDNF and the receptor TrkC were not detected with the use of Western blot analysis and ELISA. In epiretinal membranes, vascular endothelial cells and myofibroblasts expressed NT-3 and the receptors TrkA, TrkB and TrkC in situ, whereas NT-4 was not detected. The expression levels of NT-3 and NT-4 and the receptors TrkA and TrkB, both in intact and solubilized forms, were upregulated in the retinas of diabetic rats, whereas the receptor TrkC was not detected. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed binding between NT-3 and the receptors TrkA and TrkB in the retinas of diabetic rats. Our findings in diabetic eyes from humans and rats suggest that the increased expression levels within the NT-3 and NT-4/Trk axis are associated with the progression of PDR.
Quantification of thorium and uranium sorption to contaminated sediments (2000)

Desorption tests using a sequential extraction method were used to characterize and quantify thorium and uranium sorption to contaminated wetland sediments collected from the Savannah River Site located in South Carolina. In situ distribution coefficients, or Kd values (Kd equal to Csolid/Cliquid), were determined. A problem associated with determining desorption Kd values is that it is difficult to identify Csolid, because by definition it must comprise only the fraction that is reversibly (and linearly) sorbed. A series of selective and sequential extractions was used to determine desorption Kd values. Thorium Kd values ranged from 115 to 2255 mL/g. Uranium Kd values ranged from 170 to 6493 mL/g. Compared to sorption Kd values, these desorption Kd values were appreciably greater because they captured the ``aging'' process of the radionuclides with the sediment, making the radionuclide more refractory. Compared to nonsite-specific data, these in situ Kd values improved accuracy, were more defensible, reduced uncertainty, and removed unnecessary conservatism for subsequent transport and risk calculations. Additional tests were conducted to provide geochemical information relevant for selecting appropriate remediation technologies for the contaminated site. Thorium and U were associated with labile fractions and were not concentrated with the smaller sediment particles. These findings suggest that phytoremediation or heap leaching, and not soil washing, are viable remediation approaches for this site.
Applying game theory to automated negotiation (1999)

With existing technology, it is already possible for personal agents to schedule meetings for their users, to write the small print of an agreement, and for agents to search the Internet for the cheapest price. But serious negotiation cranks the difficulty of the problem up several notches. In this paper, we review what game theory has to offer in the light of experience gained in programming automated agents within the ADEPT (Advance Decision Environment for Process Tasks) project, which is currently being used by British Telecom for some purposes. 1.
Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing <i>cis</i>-Phenylenevinylenes by Titanium-Mediated Reductions (2008)

The utility of Sato's titanium-mediated reduction of alkynes towards the synthesis of all cis-poly(phenylenevinylene)s (PPVs) is demonstrated by the syn-selective reduction of a variety of model diynes as well as a tetrayne. This technique was then applied to the reduction of a poly(phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) to provide the corresponding all-cis PPV polymer.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF A (E)‐PREGN‐17(20)‐ENE‐21‐AMIDE EPOXIDE TO A 17‐KETO D‐HOMOANDROSTANE‐17Aα‐CARBOXAMIDE (1985)

Abstract Aus dem Androstan‐H‐on (I) erhält man nach Wittig‐ Homer den Ester (IIIa), der über das Säurechlorid (IIIb) zum Amid (IIIc) führt.