gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping the T cell epitopes of the Babesia bovis antigen 12D3: implications for vaccine design (1998)

The Babesia bovis antigen 12D3 was analysed to identify potential T-cell epitopes. Two predictive algorithms identified 13 possible sites but there was minimal agreement between the different predictive methods. Experimental determination of the T-cell epitopes recognized by nine cattle was achieved using a panel of overlapping peptides which identified seven different epitopes, five of which were clustered together around residues 210–320 of the molecule. No T cell epitopes were located within the tightly disulphide bonded core of 12D3. Using a series of truncated peptides, the location of two of the epitopes was mapped to residues 35–43 and 266–275. The sequences of these two epitopes was compared with a database of previously described binding motifs for MHC II alleles and each epitope was found to contain three sequence motifs recognized by HLA-DR alleles. The BoLA-DRB3 alleles occurring in these cattle were determined by a sequence specific oligonucleotide hybridization assay. Within those cattle whose T cells proliferated in response to 12D3, there was a consistent pattern of epitope recognition and presence of particular DRB3 alleles. The implications for effective vaccine design are discussed.
Structural requirements for high affinity ligand binding by estrogen receptors: a comparative analysis of truncated and full length estrogen receptors expressed in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. (1992)

In order to better understand the structural requirements for effective high affinity binding of estrogens and antiestrogens by the human estrogen receptor (ER), a comparative study was undertaken in which we examined: 1) native ER from the MCF-7 ER-positive human breast cancer cell line; 2) full length ER expressed in yeast; 3) the ER hormone binding domain (amino acid residues 302-595) expressed in yeast; 4) a bacterially expressed protein A fusion product encoding a truncated ER (amino acid residues 240-595); and 5) a synthetic peptide encompassing amino acids 510-551 of the ER. The binding parameters studied included affinity, kinetics, structural specificity for ligands, and stability. Full length ER expressed in yeast was very similar to the MCF-7 ER in its affinity [dissociation constant (Kd), 0.35 +/- 0.05 nM], dissociation rate (t1/2, 3-4 h at 25 C), and structural specificity for both reversible and covalently attaching affinity ligands. While the truncated ER expressed in yeast was similar to MCF-7 ER in its specificity of ligand binding, it showed a slightly reduced affinity for estradiol (Kd, 1.00 +/- 0.17 nM). The bacterially expressed ER also had a lower affinity for estradiol (Kd, 1.49 +/- 0.16 nM), which may be due in part to an increase in the dissociation rate (t1/2, 0.5 h at 25 C). The attachment of covalent affinity ligands and structural specificity for a variety of reversible ligands was comparable in the bacterially expressed ER to that observed for the receptors expressed in MCF-7 cells and yeast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Localized fluidization burrowing mechanics of<i>Ensis directus</i> (2012)

Muscle measurements of Ensis directus, the Atlantic razor clam, indicate that the organism only has sufficient strength to burrow a few centimeters into the soil, yet razor clams burrow to over 70 cm. In this paper, we show that the animal uses the motions of its valves to locally fluidize the surrounding soil and reduce burrowing drag. Substrate deformations were measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a novel visualization system that enabled us to see through the soil and watch E. directus burrow in situ. PIV data, supported by soil and fluid mechanics theory, show that contraction of the valves of E. directus locally fluidizes the surrounding soil. Particle and fluid mixtures can be modeled as a Newtonian fluid with an effective viscosity based on the local void fraction. Using these models, we demonstrate that E. directus is strong enough to reach full burrow depth in fluidized soil, but not in static soil. Furthermore, we show that the method of localized fluidization reduces the amount of energy required to reach burrow depth by an order of magnitude compared with penetrating static soil, and leads to a burrowing energy that scales linearly with depth rather than with depth squared.
The correlation between mechanical stress and magnetic anisotropy in ultrathin films (1999)

The impact of stress-driven structural transitions and of film strain on the magnetic properties of nm ferromagnetic films is discussed. The stress-induced bending of film-substrate composites is analysed to derive information on film stress due to lattice mismatch or due to surface-stress effects. The magneto-elastic coupling in epitaxial films is determined directly from the magnetostrictive bending of the substrate. The combination of stress measurements with magnetic investigations by the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) reveals the modification of the magnetic anisotropy by film stress. Stress-strain relations are derived for various epitaxial orientations to facilitate the analysis of the substrate curvature. Biaxial film stress and magneto-elastic coupling coefficients are measured in epitaxial Fe films in situ on W single-crystal substrates. Tremendous film stress of more than 10 GPa is measured in pseudomorphic Fe layers, and the important role of film stress as a driving force for the formation of misfit distortions and for inducing changes of the growth mode in monolayer thin films is presented. The direct measurement of the magneto-elastic coupling in epitaxial films proves that the magnitude and sign of the magneto-elastic coupling deviate from the respective bulk value. Even a small film strain of order 0.1% is found to induce a significant change of the effective magneto-elastic coupling coefficient. This peculiar behaviour is ascribed to a second-order strain dependence of the magneto-elastic energy density, in contrast to the linear strain dependence that is valid for bulk samples.
Overriding Ethical Constraints in Lethal Autonomous Systems (2012)

This article describes the philosophy, design, and prototype implementation of an operator override system intended for use in managing unmanned robotic systems capable of lethal behavior.The ethical ramifications associated with the responsibility assignment of such a system are presented, which guide the development of the proof-of-concept system that serves as the basis for the simulation results presented herein.
Therapeutic Potential of S-Nitrosothiols as Nitric Oxide Donor Drugs (1997)

Dr. Megson was awarded the Sir James Black young investigator award at the November 1996 meeting of the Scottish Society of Experimental Medicine. This manuscript is a brief review of the work presented at the meeting.
The Native and Denatured States of Soluble Collagen (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Native and Denatured States of Soluble CollagenHelga Boedtker and Paul DotyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 17, 4267–4280Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01598a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01598a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views803Altmetric-Citations280LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of cell membrane proteins that bind visna virus (1991)

Visna virus infects cells of ovine origin by attaching to a cell surface receptor via its envelope glycoprotein. The identity of the visna virus receptor is not known. To identify the molecule responsible for binding the virus to target cells, virus overlay protein blot assays were used to examine the molecular weights of cell surface molecules which bind purified virus. Molecules on the surface of goat synovial membrane (GSM) cells and sheep choroid plexus (SCP) cells of approximately 15, 30, and 50 kDa bound to visna virus. The binding of visna virus to these proteins was reduced by preincubating virus with neutralizing antibodies. 125I-labeled cell membrane preparations of GSM and SCP cells were used to affinity purify these virus-binding proteins. These proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had molecular masses of 15, 30, and 50 kDa. Antibodies to the 50-kDa protein bound to the surface of both live SCP and GSM cells in immunofluorescence assays. In addition, antibodies to the 50-kDa protein blocked the binding of [35S]methionine-labeled visna virus to SCP cells in culture. Antibodies raised against the 15- and 30-kDa proteins did not block virus binding to cells. The blocking activity of antibody of the 50-kDa protein provided data that this protein is the molecule which visna virus recognizes and binds to on the surface of target cells.
Novel carbon catalysis: oxidation in basic solution (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel carbon catalysis: oxidation in basic solutionKang Yang and Morris A. JohnsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 23, 3754–3755Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00443a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00443a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Combinations of Nitroaromatic and Nitroxyl Radiosensitizers on the Radiation Survival Response of Chinese Hamster Cells, V.79-753B, in Vitro (1981)

Barbara C. Millar, E. Martin Fielden, Terence C. Jenkins, The Effect of Combinations of Nitroaromatic and Nitroxyl Radiosensitizers on the Radiation Survival Response of Chinese Hamster Cells, V.79-753B, in Vitro, Radiation Research, Vol. 88, No. 2 (Nov., 1981), pp. 369-376
Distillation Control for Productivity and Energy Conservation (1977)

Distillation control: for productivity and energy conservation , Distillation control: for productivity and energy conservation , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
UV‐ignited frontal polymerization of an epoxy resin (2004)

Abstract By combining frontal polymerization and radical‐induced cationic polymerization, it was possible to cure thick samples of an epoxy monomer bleached by UV light. The effect of the relative amounts of cationic photoinitiator and radical initiator was thoroughly investigated and was related to the front's velocity and its maximum temperature. The materials obtained were characterized by quantitative conversion also in the deeper layers, not reached by UV light. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2066–2072, 2004
Antiphospholipid antibodies are not present in the membrane of gelfiltered platelets of patients with IgG anticar-diolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant and thrombosis (1993)

To explore the possibility of an interaction between platelets and antiphospholipid antibodies and its relationship with thromboembolic events, platelets from six patients with IgG anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant and thrombosis were isolated by gel filtration. Five patients had primary antiphospholipid syndrome and one had a form secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. Two patients had mild thrombocytopenia. The six platelet membrane eluates contained less than 1.09 GPL units of anticardiolipin antibodies and displayed no lupus anticoagulant activity. Similarly, lysates of disrupted platelets did not show anticardiolipin or lupus anticoagulant activity. These results suggest that antiphospholipid antibodies do not interact with circulating platelets, at least in patients on oral anticoagulant treatment with no evidence of acute thrombosis.
Development of transmission positron moderators (1987)

The conversion from fast to slow positrons by several thin (0.3–7 μm) film moderators has been studied. Positrons from a radioactive 22Na source enter the film where some are thermalized, consequently diffuse to the surface opposite to the source and are emitted with low energies (1–4 eV). The experimental data show that the conversion efficiency to slow positrons ranges from 1×10−4 to 9.1×10−4 for good moderators. The moderator efficiency was found to be very sensitive to annealing temperatures.
Humidity and temperature profile in the nasal cavity. (2000)

The anterior part of the nasal cavity contributes within a short nasal passage to air conditioning of inspired air.
Graphene oxide as a promising photocatalyst for CO<sub>2</sub>to methanol conversion (2012)

Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) to hydrocarbons such as methanol makes possible simultaneous solar energy harvesting and CO(2) reduction, two birds with one stone for the energy and environmental issues. This work describes a high photocatalytic conversion of CO(2) to methanol using graphene oxides (GOs) as a promising photocatalyst. The modified Hummer's method has been applied to synthesize the GO based photocatalyst for the enhanced catalytic activity. The photocatalytic CO(2) to methanol conversion rate on modified graphene oxide (GO-3) is 0.172 μmol g cat(-1) h(-1) under visible light, which is six-fold higher than the pure TiO(2).
Expression profiles of hydrophobic surfactant proteins in children with diffuse chronic lung disease (2005)

Immuno-analysis of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins and their precursor forms in bronchoalveolar lavage is minimally invasive and can give valuable clues for the involvement of processing abnormalities in pediatric pulmonary disorders.
Oral Sustained Release of a Hydrophilic Drug Using the Lauryl Sulfate Salt/Complex (2016)

The objective of this study was to establish the key factor of the lauryl sulfate (LS) salt/complex for sustained release of a hydrophilic drug at various physiological pH levels. Mirabegron is a hydrophilic drug that exhibits pH-dependent solubility. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) bound to mirabegron in a stoichiometric manner. The formation of the LS salt/complex significantly reduced mirabegron solubility and helped achieve sustained release of mirabegron over a wide range of pH levels. In addition to SLS, other additives containing a sulfate group formed salts/complexes with mirabegron and reduced its solubility at different pH levels. Furthermore, octyl sulfate (OS), myristyl sulfate (MS), and cetyl sulfate (CS) salts/complexes, which contain alkyl chains of different lengths, showed a lower solubility than mirabegron and promoted sustained release of mirabegron. The rank order of solubility and dissolution rate were as follows: OS salt/complex>LS salt/complex>MS salt/complex>CS salt/complex, which corresponded to the rank of alkyl chain lengths. We conclude that the presence of a sulfate group and the length of the alkyl chain are key factors of the LS salt/complex for sustained release of a hydrophilic drug at various physiological pH levels.
CJD and Scrapie Require Agent‐Associated Nucleic Acids for Infection (2016)

Unlike Alzheimer's and most other neurodegenerative diseases, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) are all caused by actively replicating infectious particles of viral size and density. Different strain-specific TSE agents cause CJD, kuru, scrapie and BSE, and all behave as latent viruses that evade adaptive immune responses and can persist for years in lymphoreticular tissues. A foreign viral structure with a nucleic acid genome best explains these TSE strains and their endemic and epidemic spread in susceptible species. Nevertheless, it is widely believed that host prion protein (PrP), without any genetic material, encodes all these strains. We developed rapid infectivity assays that allowed us to reproducibly isolate infectious particles where >85% of the starting titer separated from the majority of host components, including PrP. Remarkably, digestion of all forms of PrP did not reduce brain particle titers. To ask if TSE agents, as other viruses, require nucleic acids, we exposed high titer FU-CJD and 22L scrapie particles to potent nucleases. Both agent-strains were propagated in GT1 neuronal cells to avoid interference by complex degenerative brain changes that can impede nuclease digestions. After exposure to nucleases that are active in sarkosyl, infectivity of both agents was reproducibly reduced by ≥99%. No gold-stained host proteins or any form of PrP were visibly altered by these nucleases. In contrast, co-purifying protected mitochondrial DNA and circular SPHINX DNAs were destroyed. These findings demonstrate that TSE agents require protected genetic material to infect their hosts, and should reopen investigation of essential agent nucleic acids. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1947-1958, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Efficient XPath Query Processor for XML Streams (2006)

Streaming XPath evaluation algorithms must record a potentially exponential number of pattern matches when both predicates and descendant axes are present in queries, and the XML data is recursive. In this paper, we use a compact data structure to encode these pattern matches rather than storing them explicitly. We then propose a polynomial time streaming algorithm to evaluate XPath queries by probing the data structure in a lazy fashion. Extensive experiments show that our approach not only has a good theoretical complexity bound but is also efficient in practice.
Temperature relationships of proton spin-lattice relaxation time T1 in biological tissues. (1980)

Temperature relationships of the proton spin-lattice relaxation time T1 for animal and human tissues, both healthy and tumorous, are presented. An irreversible decrease in time T1 within the temperature range TT1max less than T less than TT1min, was found. The temperature relationships of T1 for healthy and tumorous tissues were of a similar nature. The relationships obtained are discussed on the basis of the FETS model.
Does a woman's education affect her husband's earnings? Results for Israel in a dual labor market (1990)

A recent focus on decision-making within the household has opened a new field of research into the economic of marriage and the family. Recent research indicates that in the United States, at least, a wife's education has a positive effect on a husband's earning capacity - a focused instance of the economic benefits of association. Even if education did not get women jobs or improve their ability to function as housewives and mothers, it is not wasted. In Israel, however, the authors found that the wife's educational level increased a husband's earnings in the primary sector (in which workers have good jobs, with good pay, security, and fringe benefits) but not in the secondary sector (in which workers have low paying, unstable, generally unattractive jobs). These new findings are consistent with the general implications of the dual labor market model.
Physiological significance of ghrelin revealed by studies using genetically engineered mouse models with modifications in the ghrelin system [Review] (2015)

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor (GHS-R or ghrelin receptor), is a 28-amino acid acylated peptide mainly produced in the stomach. The pharmacological administration of ghrelin is known to exert diverse effects, such as stimulating GH secretion, promoting food intake, and increasing adiposity. In recent years, genetically engineered mouse models have provided important insights into the physiology of various hormones. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the physiological significance of ghrelin on the basis of studies using genetically engineered mouse models with modifications in the ghrelin system.
Optical pickup for recording to dual-layer 2x-speed Blu-ray disc, DVD, and compact disc (2006)

An ordinary half-height size optical pickup with high light-use efficiency for Blu-ray Discs (BDs) has been realized. It has two objective lenses arranged tangentially. Although one of the objective lenses, BD objective lens, does not follow the line that passes thorough the center of the spindle motor, stable tracking-error detection has been achieved by enhancing a one-beam method. This pickup has a beam shaper which changes a divergent angle of light with high magnification. Although beam shapers are sensitive to a positional error, our pickup accomplished stable positioning by introducing a new structure.
Particle formation and risk of embolization during transseptal catheterization: comparison of standard transseptal needles and a new radiofrequency transseptal needle (2011)

Clinically relevant particles, both visible and sub-visible, with the potential for causing embolic complications, are generated by the BRK-1 needle without stylet. Use of a stylet in the BRK-1 needle, or the BRK-1XS needle with or without stylet, appears to reduce the size and amount of particles created. The NRG C1 needle appears to eliminate visible particles and is comparable to the BRK-1 with stylet and the BRK-1XS with or without stylet in generation of sub-visible particles. Important steps can be taken to minimize the creation of particles during the advancement of the BRK-1 through the transseptal sheath and dilator.
Monitoring moisture without disturbing the wound dressing (2009)

The cost of chronic wounds is estimated in the UK to be £2.6 billion per annum, with 200,000 patients at any one time having a chronic wound (Posnett and Franks, 2005). The nursing time involved in dressing changes takes up a considerable amount of this cost. A major advance would be to monitor the moisture level at the wound bed while leaving the dressing undisturbed, with changes taking place only when necessary. An initial study of 15 patients with venous leg ulcers demonstrated the effectiveness of a new sensor to monitor moisture levels at the wound bed.