gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarity in Action: Asymmetric Protein Localization in Bacteria (2001)

Recent advances in microscopy and protein localization techniques have provided new insights into the remarkable complexity of the bacterial cell.Although bacteria lack discrete cellular compartments such as organelles, they possess an impressive scheme of subcellular organization at the level of protein localization.There are a growing number of examples of bacterial proteins for which specific intracellular localizations are essential for proper function and regulation.Dynamic polar localization of proteins critical for cell division, chromosome partitioning, and cell cycle control in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Caulobacter crescentus have recently been described (see Table 1).These exciting observations establish that bacterial polarity plays a critical cellular role and that prokaryotic organization is much more complex than previously believed.Clearly, many proteins and protein complexes are able to navigate the bacterial cell and ultimately recognize their appropriate destinations.The current challenge is to uncover the mechanisms, both active and passive, by which proteins are localized and then maintained at the proper intracellular location.The goal of this minireview is to explore a variety of examples of bacterial polarity, to expand upon the current models of polar localization, and to shed light on the spectrum of ways that bacteria may distinguish the polar cellular membrane from the lateral membrane.Several excellent reviews covering recent observations of dynamic polar protein localization have recently been published (7,37,38,41,76,82,83,92,93, 102).Here we focus on other aspects of bacterial polarity, including the ultrastructural differences at the cell pole, the modes of polarity in actin-based motility and chemotaxis, and the implications of polarity in bacterial cellular function.
Ethnic Differences in Macular Pigment Density and Distribution (2007)

This study demonstrates that ethnicity plays a role in MPD values and in MP distribution. The association of different distribution patterns and their relevance as possible prognostic factors for diseases leading to oxidative retinal damage requires further studies.
Direct formation of a water oxidation catalyst from thin-film cobalt (2010)

A cobalt-based water oxidation catalyst may be grown from sputter-deposited thin films (800 nm thick) of cobalt metal on a non-conductive glass substrate. Chemical composition and function of the catalyst prepared in this manner are similar to that for catalyst films prepared by electrodeposition of the catalyst from aqueous solutions of Co2+ salts. The method permits water oxidation catalysis to be established from protective barrier layers on materials that otherwise experience corrosion under the aqueous oxidative conditions.
Pathophysiological implications between chronic inflammation and the development of diabetes and obesity. (2011)

The different theories about the mechanisms involved in the development of metabolic disease and its complications converge in the presence of an etiologic chronic proinflammatory state. Chronic inflammation is, at present, the central pathophysiological mechanism involved in the genesis of metabolic diseases. The multiple interactions between the immune system, adipose tissue, the vascular wall and the pancreas are the issues addressed in this review, focusing on specific intracellular and molecular aspects that may become new therapeutic targets. These lead to a proinflammatory, prothrombotic state as well as to proapoptotic endothelial damage that allows the development of atherosclerosis and, consequently, cardiovascular disease. The multiple immunopathological processes associated with the etiology and pathophysiology of different chronic diseases is still in the process of being fully elucidated, allowing the development of new therapeutic targets.
The coiled coil of in vitro assembled keratin filaments is a heterodimer of type I and II keratins: use of site-specific mutagenesis and recombinant protein expression. (1990)

Recombinant DNA technology has been used to analyze the first step in keratin intermediate filament (IF) assembly; i.e., the formation of the double stranded coiled coil. Keratins 8 and 18, lacking cysteine, were subjected to site specific in vitro mutagenesis to change one amino acid in the same relative position of the alpha-helical rod domain of both keratins to a cysteine. The mutations lie at position -36 of the rod in a "d" position of the heptad repeat pattern, and thus air oxidation can introduce a zero-length cystine cross-link. Mutant keratins 8 and 18 purified separately from Escherichia coli readily formed cystine homodimers in 2 M guanidine-HCl, and could be separated from the monomers by gel filtration. Heterodimers with a cystine cross-link were obtained when filaments formed by the two reduced monomers were allowed to oxidize. Subsequent ion exchange chromatography in 8.5 M urea showed that only a single dimer species had formed. Diagonal electrophoresis and reverse phase HPLC identified the dimer as the cystine containing heterodimer. This heterodimer readily assembled again into IF indistinguishable from those obtained from the nonmutant counterparts or from authentic keratins. In contrast, the mixture of cystine-stabilized homodimers formed only large aberrant aggregates. However, when a reducing agent was added, filaments formed again and yielded the heterodimer after oxidation. Thus, the obligatory heteropolymer step in keratin IF assembly seems to occur preferentially at the dimer level and not during tetramer formation. Our results also suggest that keratin I and II homodimers, once formed, are at least in 2 M guanidine-HCl a metastable species as their mixtures convert spontaneously into heterodimers unless the homodimers are stabilized by the cystine cross-link. This previously unexpected property of homodimers explains major discrepancies in the literature on the keratin dimer.
Chemolithoorganotrophic Growth of <i>Nitrosomonas europaea</i> on Fructose (2003)

The nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea can obtain all its carbon for growth from CO(2) and all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of NH(3) and is considered an obligate chemolithoautotroph. Previous studies have shown that N. europaea can utilize limited amounts of certain organic compounds, including amino acids, pyruvate, and acetate, although no organic compound has been reported to support the growth of N. europaea. The recently completed genomic sequence of N. europaea revealed a potential permease for fructose. With this in mind, we tested if N. europaea could utilize fructose and other compounds as carbon sources to support growth. Cultures were incubated in the presence of fructose or other organic compounds in sealed bottles purged of CO(2). In these cultures, addition of either fructose or pyruvate as the sole carbon source resulted in a two- to threefold increase in optical density and protein content in 3 to 4 days. Studies with [(14)C]fructose showed that >90% of the carbon incorporated by the cells during growth was derived from fructose. Cultures containing mannose, glucose, glycerol, mannitol, citrate, or acetate showed little or no growth. N. europaea was not able to grow with fructose as an energy source, although the presence of fructose did provide an energy benefit to the cells. These results show that N. europaea can be grown in CO(2)-free medium by using fructose and pyruvate as carbon sources and may now be considered a facultative chemolithoorganotroph.
Metabolites Produced by Alternaria brassicae, the Black Spot Pathogen of Canola. Part 1, The Phytotoxic Components (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetabolites Produced by Alternaria brassicae, the Black Spot Pathogen of Canola. Part 1, The Phytotoxic ComponentsWilliam A. Ayer and Luis M. Pena-RodriguezCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1987, 50, 3, 400–407Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50051a010https://doi.org/10.1021/np50051a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Orthogonal Linear Beamforming in MIMO Broadcast Channels (2007)

The problem of joint linear beamforming and scheduling in a MIMO broadcast channel is considered. We show how orthogonal linear beamforming (OLBF) can be efficiently combined with a low-complexity user selection algorithm to achieve a large portion of the multiuser capacity. The use of orthogonal transmission enables the transmitter to calculate exact signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) values during the user selection process. The knowledge of multiuser interference proves to be of particular importance for user scheduling as both the number of users in the cell and the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decrease. The sum capacity of our scheme is characterized in the low-SNR regime, providing analytical results on the performance gain over zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF). Numerical results show gains over both suboptimal and optimal ZFBF techniques in different scenarios.
The Rand Graduate Institute (1975)

Now put non-traditional education and Rand Corporation together. Impossible, right? Everyone knows Rand is a private research corporation engaged in the analysis of problems in national security and domestic affairs. The only way it might get involved in such nonsense would be if it were studying it. Wrong. The Rand Corporation, in a very real sense, is now engaged in delivering non-traditional education through its recently established inhouse university, the Rand Graduate Institute. Although the Institute is more than five years old, it really came of age in the past year as it graduated its first three Ph.D.'s and received full accreditation from the
Review of neurocysticercosis (2002)

In the neurosurgical services in many developing countries, treatment of neurocysticercosis (NCC) accounts for greater than 10% of brain surgical procedures and approximately 15% of neurological consultations. In these areas brain cysticercosis is the leading cause of hydrocephalus in adults and the first cause of late-onset epilepsy. During the last two decades, successful medical treatment has been established. Additionally, neuroimaging and immunological studies have clearly defined the topography, pathophysiological mechanisms, and biological status of these lesions. Thus, selection of cases for medical or surgical treatment has improved; in a significant number of cases, both interventions are required. New therapies with either albendazole or praziquantel have respectively reduced to 8 days and to 1 day the course of anticysticidal therapy, which now is fast, effective, inexpensive, atoxic, and convenient, particularly in endemic areas where most patients belong to the lower socioeconomic groups. Additionally, the rational use of steroid agents facilitates the treatment of inflammation, a conspicuous accompaniment in cases of NCC. A major effort, however, is still required to eradicate this disease.
Definitions of terms relating to crystalline polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2011) (2011)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology relating to the structure and the morphology of crystalline polymers and the processes of polymer crystallization. They are applicable to cases where polymer crystals are a significant fraction of a system and primarily with crystal structures that are comprised of polymer chains with limited, static, or dynamic disorder. After some general definitions, terms pertaining to structural arrangements at subnanometric scales and to polymer crystal structures are defined. Terms relating to molecular conformation within polymer crystals, morphological aspects, and polymer crystallization are given in subsequent sections.
Functional Materials for Rechargeable Batteries (2011)

There is an ever-growing demand for rechargeable batteries with reversible and efficient electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Rechargeable batteries cover applications in many fields, which include portable electronic consumer devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale electricity storage in smart or intelligent grids. The performance of rechargeable batteries depends essentially on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the electrochemical reactions involved in the components (i.e., the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator) of the cells. During the past decade, extensive efforts have been dedicated to developing advanced batteries with large capacity, high energy and power density, high safety, long cycle life, fast response, and low cost. Here, recent progress in functional materials applied in the currently prevailing rechargeable lithium-ion, nickel-metal hydride, lead acid, vanadium redox flow, and sodium-sulfur batteries is reviewed. The focus is on research activities toward the ionic, atomic, or molecular diffusion and transport; electron transfer; surface/interface structure optimization; the regulation of the electrochemical reactions; and the key materials and devices for rechargeable batteries.
Laparoscopic tubal sterilization under spinal anesthesia in the Third World. (2001)

Adequate family planning options are extremely limited in the third world. Sterilization is desired by many and often unavailable. Quality of life for women and their families in the third world can be greatly improved by making additional family planning options available. This article describes a program to make sterilization available to women of southeastern Dominican Republic.
Coating thickness measurement of thin gold and palladium coatings on printed circuit boards using X‐ray fluorescence (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) instruments with different detector systems (proportional counter, positive intrinsic negative and Si drift detectors) for measuring thin Au and Pd coatings on printed circuit boards and to investigate different ways of background treatment. It also aims to provide and certify suitable reference materials which are similar to samples used in production. Design/methodology/approach XRF measurements were performed with different instruments and detector types. The quantification of the reference materials is based on XRF, gravimetric analysis and Rutherford backscattering (RBS). Findings The well‐established X‐ray instrumentation for coating thickness measurement, with proportional counter detectors, are not very suitable for measuring thin ( < approx. 100 nm) coatings of gold and palladium due to the poor energy resolution of the proportional counter‐tubes. Systems with semiconductor detectors achieve results that are more reliable with a significantly higher accuracy. A correct background treatment is especially important for very thin coatings. The composition of the base material has to be taken into account by the software evaluation algorithm for each measurement. A global base subtraction performed prior to the measurement can achieve better repeatability, but can also lead to incorrect absolute values. Research limitations/implications If small measuring spots (e.g. 150 μ m) have to be realized with semiconductor detector systems, special X‐ray optics (polycapillaries) have to be used to obtain an intensity comparable to that offered by proportional counter devices. This will be the subject of a further publication. Originality/value The paper provides an overall review and results for different types of instruments (detectors) and compares different background treatments. Suitable reference materials have been developed for precise and traceable measurements. Their quantification is based on gravimetric analysis and RBS. The standard‐free energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (ED‐X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRFA)) was used for interpolation of the gravimetric data for thin coatings. For the region below 100 nm, measurement uncertainties of less than 1 nm can be achieved.
Charge-Coupled Device Technology (2022)

This title contains the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the development of the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD), which makes possible the widespread use of consumer camcorders and broadcasting color cameras. It is comprehensive enough to be of great value to researchers, industrialists and post-graduate students in image technology.
Lack of beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment in conscious dogs during development of heart failure (1998)

The effects of chronic treatment with growth hormone (porcine GH, 0.56 mg.kg-1.day-1 s.c.) were examined in dogs with heart failure induced by rapid ventricular pacing (240 beats/min) for 4 wk. Fourteen conscious dogs were studied 2-3 wk after surgical instrumentation with catheters in the descending aorta and left atrium, a pressure gauge in the left ventricle (LV), a flow probe around the ascending aorta, pacing leads on the ventricular free wall and left atrium, and ultrasonic crystals on the opposing anterior and posterior endomyocardium of the LV. GH treatment for 4 wk significantly increased both body weight and plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) compared with vehicle-treated dogs (P < 0.01, +2.0 +/- 0.5 vs. +0.3 +/- 1.1 kg; 1,043 +/- 218 vs. 241 +/- 64 ng/ml, respectively). However, the changes in resting LV systolic (i.e., both isovolumic and ejection phases) and diastolic function (i.e., isovolumic relaxation time constant tau) and the systemic vascular resistance were similar for the GH- and vehicle-treated groups during the development of heart failure. LV contractile reserve, assessed with step infusion of isoproterenol or dobutamine challenge, was markedly attenuated after heart failure, but there were no differences between the GH- and vehicle-treated groups. During the progression of heart failure, the increases in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide correlated (P < 0.01) directly with left atrial pressure and inversely with LV circumferential fiber shortening. However, GH treatment did not substantially modify these relationships. In addition, renal function and myocardial ultrastructure at the advanced stage of heart failure also showed similar changes for the GH- and vehicle-treated groups. We conclude that in conscious dogs during the development of congestive heart failure produced by rapid ventricular pacing, GH at a dose that increases body weight and plasma IGF-1 levels does not affect LV performance or systemic vascular dynamics.
N-HAR: A Neuromorphic Event-Based Human Activity Recognition System using Memory Surfaces (2019)

In recent years, a new generation of low-power, neuromorphic, event-based vision sensors has been gaining popularity for their very low latency and data sparsity. Though the conventional frame-based cameras have advanced in a lot of ways, they suffer from data redundancy and temporal latency. The bio-inspired artificial retinas eliminate the data redundancy by capturing only the change in illumination at each pixel and asynchronously communicating in binary spikes. In this work, we propose a system to achieve the task of human activity recognition based on the event-based camera data. We show that such tasks, which generally need high frame rate sensors for accurate predictions, can be achieved by adapting existing computer vision techniques to the spiking domain. We used event memory surfaces to make the sparse event data compatible with deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We leverage upon the recent advances in deep convolutional networks based video analysis and adapt such frameworks onto the neuromorphic domain. We also provide the community with a new dataset consisting of five categories of human activities captured in real world without any simulations. We achieved an accuracy of 94.3% using event memory surfaces on our activity recognition dataset.
Regioselective biooxidation of (+)-valencene by recombinant E. coli expressing CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis in a two-liquid-phase system (2009)

This study demonstrates that the identification of new P450s capable of producing valuable compounds can basically be achieved by screening of recombinant P450 libraries. The biphasic reaction system described in this work presents an attractive way for the production of (+)-nootkatone (4), as it is safe and can easily be controlled and scaled up.
IDIOTYPY OF RABBIT ANTIBODIES (1969)

Sera of rabbits immunized against Salmonella typhi have been studied for the idiotypy of certain of their components, i.e., the property of these components to possess an antigenic specificity which is different in individual rabbits, and which varies with the antigens against which these rabbits have been immunized. The reagent used (precipitating anti-idiotypic sera) have been prepared by injecting rabbits with bacteria agglutinated by anti-S. typhi sera (immunizing sera) as was done in the first observations by the authors of the phenomenon in the rabbit. These first observations have been confirmed and extended. In contrast to allotypy, the anti-idiotypic sera precipitate the corresponding immunizing sera, but not the sera taken in the immunizing rabbits prior to their immunization against S. typhi, nor the immunizing sera absorbed with the somatic antigen of S. typhi, demonstrating that idiotypes are antibodies. The idiotypic specificities of the antibodies of one rabbit against S. typhi are not detected in the antibodies of the same rabbit against another noncross-reacting Salmonella (S. tranoroa) and vice versa; nor are they detected in the anti-pneumococcal antibodies of the same rabbit. Each anti-idiotypic serum fails to precipitate anti-S. typhi sera of rabbits other than the immunizing one except for certain extremely faint reactions, the significance of which has not been established. The idiotypic specificities of anti-S. typhi antibodies of three rabbits were not found in anti-S. typhi antibodies of their parents. This lack of a sign of hereditary transmission of idiotypic specificities contrasts with allotypy. The apparent role of random chance in the determinism of the idiotypic patterns or of the idiotypic determinants has been discussed. Unless it were admitted that antibodies with similar functions do not exist in different individuals, idiotypy apparently adds an order of magnitude to the antibody variability which had been previously envisaged. In one given individual, the heterogeneity of the idiotypic specificities seems to be less extended than that of the antibody functions. The possible relationships between these two levels of molecular variability and between the corresponding levels of cellular variability have been discussed.