gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Shaping and Forward Error Correction for Fiber-Optic Communication Systems (2019)

This tutorial paper provides a foundation for integrating probabilistic shaping (PS) and forward error correction (FEC). A layered PS-FEC architecture consisting of a PS encoder and an FEC encoder is introduced, of which probabilistic amplitude shaping is a practical instance. Achievable PS encoding rates and achievable FEC decoding rates are derived using information-theoretic arguments. The developed tools are applied to the design and performance assessment of optical transponders based on measurements from optical transmission experiments.
Properties and Reactions of Substituted 1,2‐Thiazetidine 1,1‐Dioxides: C‐3 Substituted β‐Sultams (1993)

Abstract ( RS )‐3‐(2‐Chloroethyl)‐β‐sultam ( 6 ) is obtained from methyl 4‐bromocrotonate ( 1 ) by a five step synthesis. The analogous ( R )‐3‐chloromethyl‐β‐sultam ( 12 ) is available from ( R )‐benzylcysteinol ( 9 ). While the chlorine in 6 is replaced easily by iodine yielding 7 , the analogous reaction with 12 fails. The 3‐(hydroxyethyl/methyl) substituted β‐sultams 17 and 21 are prepared by similar routes. All structures are established by spectroscopic.
Identification of a novel triterpene saponin from Panax ginseng seeds, pseudoginsenoside RT8, and its antiinflammatory activity (2018)

These findings indicate that pseudoginsenoside RT<sub>8</sub> has a pharmaceutical potential as an antiinflammatory agent and that <i>P. ginseng</i> seeds are a good natural source for discovering novel bioactive molecules.
Neue Tenside auf Kohlenhydratbasis (1999)

Alkylpolyglucosides (APGs) and N-acyl-glucamides (Glucamides) are carbohydrate surfactants with outstanding surface activity. Nowadays they find broad applications in cosmetics-, in pesticide- and detergent formulations. The aim of this work was the synthesis of new carbohydrate surfactants with properties comparable to and even better than standard surfactants. The synthesis of new amphiphiles should be realized by simple and technologically relevant reaction steps. In this way new carbohydrate surfactant were synthesized by reacting glycosyl amines with acid-chlorides, chloroformic acid alkylesters and alkylisocyanates. An additional short hydrophobic chain at the hydrophilic headgroup of the surfactant resulted in improved physico-chemical properties. The new surfactants show better interfacial activities in comparison to the industrial alkylpolyglucosides and N-acyl-glucamides.
Hemodynamic and Hormonal Effects of Beraprost Sodium, an Orally Active Prostacyclin Analogue, in Patients With Secondary Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension (2003)

Earlier studies have shown that administration of beraprost sodium (BPS), an orally active prostacyclin analogue, improves hemodynamics in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PH), but it is not known whether BPS has beneficial effects in secondary precapillary PH. The present study investigated the hemodynamic and hormonal parameters of 18 patients with secondary precapillary PH (8 patients with chronic thromboembolic PH, 7 with collagen vascular disease, and 3 with residual PH after surgery for atrial septal defect). Hemodynamics were repeatedly measured by right heart catheterization. Treatment with BPS improved New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class in 10 of the 18 patients and significantly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance by 17% (12.9+/-1.1 to 10.7+/-1.2 Wood units, p<0.01). Circulating brain natriuretic peptide and uric acid significantly decreased from 246+/-61 to 215+/-65 pg/ml and from 6.5+/-0.6 to 5.3+/-0.3 mg/dl, respectively. In summary, BPS therapy improved NYHA functional class, hemodynamics, and hormonal parameters in patients with secondary precapillary PH. Thus, oral administration of BPS may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of secondary precapillary PH.
A Cryogenic Lightweight Mass Gauging System for Expendable and Reusable Launch Vehicles (2002)

Recent investigations involving the use of densified propellants in the RLV, EELV, and ELV programs have identified the need for and prompted the development of a versatile lightweight mass gauging system. Precise measurement of the temperature and liquid level of densified propellants are necessary to adequately monitor the thermodynamic states and liquid stratification induced through vehicle maneuvers, propellant usage, and tank wall heating in both prelaunch and in-flight environments. The limited capabilities of existing systems have motivated Sierra Lobo to develop the Cryo-TrackerTM Mass Gauging System (CTMGS). The CTMGS consists of a patented ultra-light flexible sensing probe, a sophisticated electronics package, and mass gauging software. The system measures both liquid level and temperature, and then calculates propellant mass and propellant mass uncertainty. The mass gauging software is also used to optimize the design of the sensing probe for a given propellant tank. Sierra Lobo has successfully tested an engineering prototype of the Cryo-Tracker Mass Gauging System for NASA under the 2d Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle Program. Test results demonstrate the capability of the CTMGS to determine stratified cryogenic propellant mass to better than 0.5% accuracy using a single probe.
Fine-tuning the H-scan for discriminating changes in tissue scatterers (2020)

The H-scan approach ('H' denoting hue, or Hermite) is a recent matched filter methodology that aims to add information to the traditional ultrasound B-scan. The theory is based on the differences in the echoes produced by different classes of reflectors or scatterers. Matched filters can be created for different types of scatterers, whereby the maximum output indicates a match, and color schemes can be used to indicate the class of scatterer responsible for echoes, providing a visual interpretation of the results. However, within the theory of weak scattering from a variety of shapes, small changes in the size of the inhomogeneous objects will create shifts in the scattering transfer function. In this paper, we argue for a general power law transfer function as the canonical model for transfer functions from most normal soft vascularized tissues, at least over some bandpass spectrum illuminated by the incident pulse. In cases where scatterer size and distributions change, this produces a corresponding shift in center frequency, along with time and frequency domain characteristics of echoes, and these are captured by matched filters to distinguish and visualize in color the major characteristics of scattering types. With this general approach, the H-scan matched filters can be set to elicit more fine grain shifts in scattering types, commensurate with more subtle changes in tissue morphology. Compensation for frequency-dependent attenuation is helpful for avoiding beam softening effects with increasing depths. Examples from phantoms and normal and pathological tissues are provided to demonstrate that the H-scan analysis and displays are sensitive to scatterer size and morphology, and can be adapted to conventional imaging systems.
Reduction of AMR effect in giant magnetoresistance spin valve structures (2001)

For spin valve heads, the conventional anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect deteriorates the linearity of transfer curves and degrades its performance. This problem is more severe for thicker free layer spin valve. In this paper, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and AMR effect of a spin valve structure with laminated free layer (seed/Fa/I/Fb/Cu/AP1/Ru/AP2/AFM/cap, I is a thin high resistive layer) were calculated using semiclassical transport model. It is found that the GMR of spin valve structure with laminated free layer is reduced slightly and DR is comparable with the standard one due to the increase of the sheet resistance. The AMR of the laminated free layer reduced dramatically due to the effective magnetic thickness reduction. Therefore, the AMR/GMR ratio in spin valve was greatly reduced. Film level experimental data confirmed the simulation results. As an example, the AMR of 80 /spl Aring/, 65 /spl Aring/ thickness free layer reduced from 1.6, 1.2% to 0.74, 0.6%, respectively, while GMR ratio reduced slightly due to lamination of free layer. The AMR effect of spin valve structure can be reduced by 50% through the lamination of the free layer. It can be expected that the linearity of the transfer curves can be improved greatly.
ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION OF BORAGE OIL: INCORPORATION OF EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (1995)

ABSTRACT Borage oil ( Borago officinalis L.) fatty acid composition was modified to incorporate eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), with an immobilized nonspecific SP435 lipase from Candida antarctica as biocatalyst. Transesterification, between borage oil and EPA ethyl ester (EEPA) was carried out in hexane. Incorporation increased with increasing concentration of EEPA. An enzyme concentration of 20% gave 31% EPA incorporation into borage oil. As the incubation time increased, EPA incorporation was also increased up to 36 h.
A class of multiple-error-correcting codes and the decoding scheme (1954)

linear error-correcting codes used in communications. (14) I. S. Reed, “A class of multiple-errorcorrecting codes and the decoding scheme,” IRE. Trans. A class of multiple-error-correcting codes and the decoding scheme. more. less. I. Reed · Details · Authors · Fields of science · Bibliography · Quotations · Similar. linear error correcting codes used in communications (2).For bit study is to device a coding scheme which is able to detect and correct such errors (6). (8) Reed, I. S., 'Class of multiple error correcting codes and their decoding scheme'.
Correlator using novel technique for realising noncontinuous variable delay of a signal (1979)

This paper reports on the design and performance of a correlator that uses an oscilloscope in realising the noncontinuous delay of a signal. Typical results of the application of the correlator to analogue and digital type signals are given
The symptomatic empty sella (1972)

✓ Visual difficulty in association with an empty sella, resulting from downward migration of the optic system and secondary stretching or kinking of the optic nerves, is presented as a surgical entity best managed by the transsphenoidal approach. Pertinent case reports with characteristic pneumoencephalograms and schematic drawings are used to develop this thesis.
LANDHOLDING CHANGES,KINSHIP NETWORKS AND CLASS TRANSFORMATION IN RURAL IRELAND: A CASE-STUDY FROM COUNTY TIPPERARY (1983)

Much of the literature on the familistic system of landholding in Ireland has suffered both from a western small-farming bias and a lack of 3 historical perspective. This paper seeks to reconstruct the patterns and processes by which the landholding system of one Co. Tipperary parish — located within a more complex ecological zone and with a more diversified social structure — has been reproduced and transformed over the past two centuries. The study is situated in the context of the general processes of Irish agricultural development since the seventeenth century which has seen increasing levels of commercialisation and significant shifts in both the size of holdings and in patterns of commodity production. Given the complex ecological, economic, class, kinship and urban-rural relationships involved, an attempt is made to examine the dialectic between the more general processes of economic and social change and the particular adaptive strategies utilised by different social groups in the parish to survive in a varied and uncertain environment. Allowing for the highly uneven distribution of landed resources amongst different groups in the parish, it is argued that kinship-based behaviour was one of the critical adaptive strategies which eventually enabled the medium-size farm group in particular to capture a dominant position in this rural society.
Parking space detection from a radar based target list (2017)

The detection of an unoccupied parking spaces is a requirement of autonomous parking systems. This paper presents a radar based real-time algorithm, which detects, classifies, and evaluates parking spaces in a vehicle's immediate vicinity. In contrast to frequently used gridmap methods, our approach processes the radar data in a specially designed target list of 2D vectors. Consequently, quantization errors are avoided and computational burdens reduced. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is suited for both parallel and perpendicular parking spaces in urban scenes.
Metabolism and influence of gastrin-52 on gastric acid secretion in humans (1995)

It has been shown recently that the two largest alpha-carboxyamidated progastrin products are gastrin-71 and gastrin-52. Human gastrin-52 has now been synthesized, and the effect on gastric acid secretion and elimination from plasma was examined and compared with gastrin-17 in 12 normal subjects. The peptides were infused separately in four consecutive doses; the maximum response of gastrin-17 and gastrin-52 was 25.2 +/- 2.8 and 22.2 +/- 2.8 mmol H+/50 min, respectively (P< 0.01). This difference in efficacy was presumably related to nonequilibrium of gastrin-52 between plasma and receptor. The elimination of gastrin-17 was monoexponential with a half-life of 4.7 +/- 0.3 min; clearance and apparent volume of distribution were 16.7 +/- 1.5 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 106.0 +/- 9.2 ml/kg, respectively. The elimination of gastrin-52 was biexponential, the half-lives were 4.9 +/- 0.7 and 49.9 +/- 4.2 min, and clearance and apparent volume of distribution were 1.9 +/- 0.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 106.3 +/- 10.1 ml/kg, respectively. Gel chromatography of plasma samples drawn during infusion of gastrin-52 revealed that most of the immunoreactivity eluted in the position of the intact peptide. Small peaks in the positions of gastrin-34 and the NH2-terminal pentapeptide fragment of gastrin-52 indicate that a minor part of gastrin-52 is degraded to smaller peptides in vivo. It is concluded that gastrin-52 is bioactive with an efficacy close to or similar to that of gastrin-17. A minor fraction of gastrin-52 undergoes postsecretory cleavage either in plasma or after capillary transit.
Disturbed macro-connectivity in schizophrenia linked to oligodendrocyte dysfunction: from structural findings to molecules (2015)

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with multi-factorial characteristics. A number of findings have shown disrupted synaptic connectivity in schizophrenia patients and emerging evidence suggests that this results from dysfunctional oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for myelinating axons in white matter to promote neuronal conduction. The exact cause of this is not known, although recent imaging and molecular profiling studies of schizophrenia patients have identified changes in white matter tracts connecting multiple brain regions with effects on protein signaling networks involved in the myelination process. Further understanding of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia could lead to identification of novel drug targets for this devastating disease.
UNPACKING THE LOOT BOX: HOW GAMING’S LATEST MONETIZATION SYSTEM FLIRTS WITH TRADITIONAL GAMBLING METHODS (2019)

UNPACKING THE LOOT BOX: HOW GAMING’S LATEST MONETIZATION SYSTEM FLIRTS WITH TRADITIONAL GAMBLING METHODS
A 62-ns 16-Mb CMOS EPROM with voltage stress relaxation technique (1991)

To meet the increasing demand for higher-density and faster EPROMs, a 16-Mb CMOS EPROM has been developed based on 0.6- mu m N-well CMOS technology. In scaled EPROMs, it is important to guarantee device reliability under high-voltage operation during programming. By employing internal programming-voltage reduction and new stress relaxation circuits, it is possible to keep an external programming voltage V/sub pp/ of 12.5 V. The device achieves a 62-ns access time with a 12-mA operating current. A sense-line equalization and data-out latching scheme, made possible by address transition detection (ATD), and a bit-line bias circuit with two types of depletion load led to the fast access time with high noise immunity. This 16-Mb EPROM has pin compatibility with a standard 16-Mb mask-programmable ROM (MROM) and is operative in either word-wide or byte-wide READ mode. Cell size and chip size are 2.2 mu m*1.75 mu m and 7.18 mm*17.39 mm, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potassium channels and epilepsy: evidence that the epileptogenic toxin, dendrotoxin, binds to potassium channel proteins. (1991)

Dendrotoxin-I, a component of the venom of the black mamba snake, Dendroaspis polylepsis, was used to affinity purify a potassium channel from bovine brain. This dendrotoxin-I binding protein was composed of several subunits with molecular weights of 35,000, 38,000, 42,000 and 74,000. Partial sequence resulting from Edman degradation of the N-terminus of the 74 kDa subunit was identical to the predicted amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of a protein encoded by a mouse/rat homologue of the Shaker gene family of potassium channels, MK2/RBK2 (RCK5). Polyclonal antibodies raised against synthetic peptides derived from the predicted amino acid sequence of another member of this family, MK1, recognized this 74 kDa subunit. Due to extensive amino acid sequence identity between MK2 and MK1, it is likely that antibodies recognized epitopes common to both. Thus, from an immunological standpoint, either MK1, MK2, or both channel proteins could have been present in this 74 kDa band on protein blots. Closely related K+ channels in bovine brain could have copurified based on their affinity for dendrotoxin-I (DTX-I). DTX-I was shown to inhibit MK1 currents in a time and voltage independent fashion. Physiological and molecular evidence indicates the existence of many types of DTX sensitive potassium channels in the mammalian brain, however, our protein sequencing of the 74 kDa subunit has detected the presence of only one unique N-terminal sequence, identical to MK2. The possible reason for the appearance of this discrepancy is discussed. This paper represents the first report identifying one dendrotoxin binding protein in bovine brain tissue (BK2) as a delayed rectifier type of potassium channel.
Construction of an in-vacuum type undulator for production of undulator x rays in the 5–25 keV region (1992)

A new 179-pole undulator with magnetic period of 4 cm for production of brilliant and quasimonochromatic hard x rays has been completed and installed in the TRISTAN Accumulation Ring (AR) in KEK, National Laboratory for High Energy Physics. The aperture of the undulator for the circulating electron can be flexibly changed to satisfy the operational requirements of AR, since the undulator magnets are encased in the vacuum chamber of the undulator. When it is operated at the magnet gap of 20 mm with 6.5-GeV operation of AR, intense 14.4-keV radiation for Mössbauer experiments is successfully obtained as the third harmonic of the undulator radiation.
Using negative stuffing retiming for circuit emulation in a packet switching network (1992)

A circuit emulation scheme based on negative stuffing retiming that can effectively remove large bursty delay between packets is described. The approach can be applied to various applications such as T-carrier emulation and packet voice and video communication. The key element of the proposed negative stuffing scheme is the stuffing control or when to add negative stuffing. Two stuffing control algorithms are discussed. The first one is very simple and can provide a smooth output without the need of knowing or estimating the transmitter clock. This algorithm transforms large and fast packet arrival jitter into small and slowly varying frequency wander. The second algorithm tries to estimate the transmitter clock to further reduce the wander. Both algorithms will in principle eliminate the large packet arrival jitter completely, and they also ensure no buffer overflow and underflow. To evaluate buffer delay, jitter, and wander of the recovered clock, time domain simulation has been done for DS1 and DS3 signals over a SONET STS-3c-based switching network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How do women choose to breastfeed? (1995)

Midwives generally rely on client education to get the message across that 'breast is best'. Research tends to ask why women bottlefeed rather than trying to find out how the decision to breastfeed is reached. The psychological theory of personal constructs might help to shed light on this difficult and frustrating area of midwifery.
Design and Implementation of Real-time Channel Scanning Mechanism using Shared Beacon Channel in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (2006)

While patients with higher body mass index values are at increased risk of having more severe hepatic steatosis, neither BMI nor hepatic steatosis significantly influences long-term survival. We conclude therefore that neither obesity nor hepatic steatosis has significant prognostic relevance on long-term survival of CRLM patients undergoing hepatectomy.
Secure query processing in intelligent database management systems (2003)

In a multilevel secure database management system, users cleared at different security levels access and share a database with data at different sensitivity levels. A serious threat to database security, not adequately addressed at present, is the inference problem. That is users acquire unauthorized information from the responses that they legitimately receive. It is the inferencing capability and deductive power of intelligent database systems that could provide viable approaches for handling the inference problem. The author describes secure query processing in intelligent database systems. The types of database systems that are considered are augmented relational systems, fuzzy relational systems and object-oriented systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A project-intensive software design course (1993)

article Free Access Share on A project-intensive software design course Author: Evans J. Adams Fort Lewis College, Durango, Co. Fort Lewis College, Durango, Co.View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCSE BulletinVolume 25Issue 1March 1993 pp 112–116https://doi.org/10.1145/169073.169360Published:01 March 1993Publication History 21citation463DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads463Last 12 Months24Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Biotransformation of Nitric Oxide (1987)

Previous investigations into the health effects of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have mostly been conducted with special reference to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and its direct effects on the respiratory system, while the study of nitric oxide (NO) has been disregarded. We carried out a study on NO by exposing rats and mice to 15NO or administering 15N-nitrite and 15N-nitrate to these animals by IP injection in order to elucidate the metabolic fate of NO. The results of our study and previous findings led us to assume that the major metabolic path of inhaled NO is as follows: inhaled NO reacts with hemoglobin, forming nitrosyl-hemoglobin (NOHb), and from NOHb, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) are generated. Major quantities of NO3- are discharged into the urine and a certain amount is discharged into the oral cavity through the salivary glands and transformed to NO2-. Part of this NO2- is converted to N2 gas in the stomach. Nitrate in the intestine is partly reduced to ammonia (NH3) through NO2-, reabsorbed into the body, and converted to urea. Most of the metabolites of inhaled NO are excreted rapidly from the body within 48 hr.