gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic injury and the physiology of hearing (1984)

A critical bibliography of published articles concerning the effects of noise exposure on hearing has been compiled for the NIH. The review concentrated on articles published over the last 14 years; however, historical highlights of the past 50 years or so were included for continuity. This paper attempts to summarize in tutorial fashion the results of that review with regard to auditory physiology in general and explores some of the current issues with specific reference to acoustic injury. To date, most of the effort toward understanding acoustic injury has been focused on the auditory periphery; the emphasis is clear simply from the number of papers published in that area. On the other hand, the response of the central nervous system to noise exposure or to any type of damage in the periphery is essentially unknown. It would seem that it is now time to assume a more balanced approach and recognize the importance of the CNS with regard to understanding the overall consequences of acoustic injury.
High brightness single photon sources based on photonic wires (2009)

We present a novel single-photon-source based on the emission of a semiconductor quantum dot embedded in a single-mode photonic wire. This geometry ensures a very large coupling (> 95%) of the spontaneous emission to the guided mode. Numerical simulations show that a photon collection efficiency as large as 90% can be obtained for engineered nanowires with a tapered tip and a metallic bottom mirror coated by a thin dielectric layer. Experimentally, a record-high efficiency of 75 plusmn 10% (for a NA = 0.75 collection optics) has been measured for an InAs quantum dot embedded in such a nanowire, made of GaAs and defined by reactive-ion etching.
The Reflectance of Human Skin in the Millimeter-Wave Band (2020)

The millimeter-wave band is an ideal part of the electromagnetic radiation to diagnose human skin conditions because this radiation interacts only with tissue down to a depth of a millimetre or less over the band range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. In this paper, radiometry is used as a non-contact sensor for measuring the human skin reflectance under normal and wet skin conditions. The mean reflectance of the skin of a sample of 50 healthy participants over the (80-100) GHz band was found to be ~0.615 with a standard deviation of ~0.088, and an experimental measurement uncertainty of ±0.005. The thinner skin regions of the back of the hand, the volar forearms and the inner wrist had reflectances 0.068, 0.068 and 0.062 higher than the thicker skin regions of the palm of the hand, the dorsal forearm and the outer wrist skin. Experimental measurements of human skin reflectance in a normal and a wet state on the back of the hand and the palm of the hand regions indicated that the mean differences in the reflectance before and after the application of water were ~0.078 and ~0.152, respectively. These differences were found to be statistically significant as assessed using <i>t</i>-tests (34 paired <i>t</i>-tests and six independent <i>t</i>-tests were performed to assess the significance level of the mean differences in the reflectance of the skin). Radiometric measurements in this paper show the quantitative variations in the skin reflectance between locations, sexes, and individuals. The study reveals that these variations are related to the skin thickness and water content, a capability that has the potential to allow radiometry to be used as a non-contact sensor to detect and monitor skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, malignancy, and burn wounds.
Proof-of-Work Sidechains. (2018)

During the last decade, the blockchain space has exploded with a plethora of new cryptocurrencies, covering a wide array of different features, performance and security characteristics. Nevertheless, each of these coins functions in a stand-alone manner, independently. Sidechains have been envisioned as a mechanism to allow blockchains to communicate with one another and, among other applications, allow the transfer of value from one chain to another, but so far there have been no decentralized constructions. In this paper, we put forth the first side chains construction that allows communication between proof-of-work blockchains without trusted intermediaries. Our construction is generic in that it allows the passing of any information between blockchains. Using this construction, two blockchains can be connected in a “two-way peg” in which an asset can be transferred from one chain to another and back. We pinpoint the features needed for two chains to communicate: On the source side, a proof-of-work blockchain that has been interlinked, potentially with a velvet fork; on the destination side, a blockchain with smart contract support. We put forth the smart contracts needed to implement these sidechains and explain them in detail. In the heart of our construction, we use a recently introduced cryptographic primitive, Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof-of-Work (NIPoPoWs).
DNA precursor asymmetries in mammalian tissue mitochondria and possible contribution to mutagenesis through reduced replication fidelity (2005)

The mutation rate of the mammalian mitochondrial genome is higher than that of the nuclear genome. Because mitochondrial and nuclear deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools are physically distinct and because dNTP concentrations influence replication fidelity, we asked whether mitochondrial dNTP pools are asymmetric with respect to each other. We report here that the concentrations of the four dNTPs are not equal in mitochondria isolated from several tissues of both young and old rats. In particular, in most tissues examined, mitochondrial dGTP concentrations are high relative to the other dNTPs. Moreover, in the presence of the biased dNTP concentrations measured in heart and skeletal muscle, the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro by normally highly accurate mtDNA polymerase gamma is reduced, with error frequencies increased by as much as 3-fold, due to increased formation of template T.dGTP mismatches that are inefficiently corrected by proofreading. These data, plus some published data on specific mitochondrial mutations seen in human diseases, are consistent with the hypothesis that normal intramitochondrial dNTP pool asymmetries may contribute to spontaneous mutagenesis in the mammalian mitochondrial genome.
Calculation of the power spectral density from surface profile data (1995)

The power spectral density (PSD), in its two-dimensional form, has been designated as the preferred quantity for specifying surface roughness on a draft international drawing standard for surface texture. The correct calculation of the one-dimensional PSD from discrete surface profile data is given, and problems in using fast Fourier-transform routines that are given in some of the standard reference books are flagged. The method given here contains the correct normalizing factors. Two ways to reduce the variance of the PSD estimate are suggested. Examples are shown of the variance reduction possible in the PSD's.
Target tracking and guidance using particles (2001)

The stochastic control problem is considered in the context of particle filters. In particular, a guidance law that makes good use of the sample set from a particle filter is proposed. The operation of the filter/guidance law is demonstrated and analysed for a two object simulation example.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Magnesiumamid und ‐imid (1969)

Abstract Mg(NH 2 ) 2 wurde nach mehreren Verfahren dargestellt. Die Ammonothermalsynthese lieferte Einkristalle der Verbindung. Die röntgenographische Untersuchung mit Einkristallmethoden ergab tetragonale Symmetrie mit den Gitterkonstanten Die Elementarzelle enthält 32 Formeleinheiten. Magnesiumamid kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe I4 1 /a2/c2/d. MgNH läßt sich durch thermischen Abbau des Amids bei 240–365°C kristallin darstellen. Sein Pulverdiagramm wurde hexagonal indiziert. Die Gitterkonstanten sind: In der Elementarzelle befinden sich 12 Formeleinheiten. Auf Grund der Auslöschungen findet man als Raumgruppe mit der höchst möglichen Symmetrie P6 3 22. Die Volumchemie der Erdalkalimetallamide und ‐imide wird diskutiert.
The Coprecipitation of Strontium with Hydroxyapatite (1975)

Abstract The distribution behavior of the strontium ion between hydroxyapatite and the parent solution was investigated. The hydroxyapatite was formed by the extremely slow addition of diammonium hydrogenphosphate to solutions of calcium and strontium nitrate buffered with ethylenediamine at 80 °C. The precipitate yielded a typical X-ray diffraction pattern of hydroxyapatite and had a composition in which the Ca/P molar ratio was 1.67 at pH 6.80. The strontium ion was coprecipitated in the apatite, obeying the Doerner and Hoskins logarithnmic distribution law. The distribution coefficient was scarcely affected by the strontium concentration on the pH value in the parent solution, and had a value of 0.26±0.02 at 80 °C. On the other hand, the apparent distribution coefficient was a little affected by such organic anions as acetate, citrate, lactate, glycinate, and glutamate ions. The lattice constants of the precipitates prepared in the research were measured in order to confirm the formation of the solid solutions.
Inadequate sympathovagal balance in response to orthostatism in patients with unexplained syncope and a positive head up tilt test (1999)

Through the LF/HF power ratio, spectral analysis of HRV was highly correlated with head up tilt results. Subjects developing syncope late during continued head up tilt have a decrease in LF/HF ratio immediately after assuming the upright posture, implying that although symptoms have not developed the vasovagal reaction may already have begun. This emphasises the major role of the autonomic nervous system in the genesis of vasovagal (neurally mediated) syncope.
Quorum-Sensing Signals and Quorum-Sensing Genes in <i>Burkholderia vietnamiensis</i> (2002)

Acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) quorum sensing is common to many Proteobacteria including a clinical isolate of Burkholderia cepacia. The B. cepacia isolate produces low levels of octanoyl-HSL. We have examined an environmental isolate of Burkholderia vietnamiensis. This isolate produced several acyl-HSLs. The most abundant species was decanoyl-HSL. Decanoyl-HSL in B. vietnamiensis cultures reached concentrations in excess of 20 microM. We isolated a B. vietnamiensis DNA fragment containing a gene for the synthesis of decanoyl-HSL (bviI) and an open reading frame that codes for a putative signal receptor (bviR). A B. vietnamiensis bviI mutant did not produce detectable levels of decanoyl-HSL.
Discovery of a Small Molecule that Blocks Wall Teichoic Acid Biosynthesis in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contain bactoprenol-dependent biosynthetic pathways expressing non-essential cell surface polysaccharides that function as virulence factors. Although these polymers are not required for bacterial viability in vitro, genes in many of the biosynthetic pathways are conditionally essential: they cannot be deleted except in strains incapable of initiating polymer synthesis. We report a cell-based, pathway-specific strategy to screen for small molecule inhibitors of conditionally essential enzymes. The screen identifies molecules that prevent the growth of a wildtype bacterial strain but do not affect the growth of a mutant strain incapable of initiating polymer synthesis. We have applied this approach to discover inhibitors of wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. WTAs are anionic cell surface polysaccharides required for host colonization that have been suggested as targets for new antimicrobials. We have identified a small molecule, 7-chloro-N,N-diethyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinolin-5-amine (1835F03), that inhibits the growth of a panel of S. aureus strains (MIC = 1-3 microg mL(-1)), including clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Using a combination of biochemistry and genetics, we have identified the molecular target as TarG, the transmembrane component of the ABC transporter that exports WTAs to the cell surface. We also show that preventing the completion of WTA biosynthesis once it has been initiated triggers growth arrest. The discovery of 1835F03 validates our chemical genetics strategy for identifying inhibitors of conditionally essential enzymes, and the strategy should be applicable to many other bactoprenol-dependent biosynthetic pathways in the pursuit of novel antibacterials and probes of bacterial stress responses.
InP-Based Waveguide-Integrated Photodetector With 100-GHz Bandwidth (2004)

A waveguide-integrated photodetector is presented, exhibiting a bandwidth of 100 GHz. The responsivity amounts to 0.66 A/W and the PDL is below 0.9 dB. The detector chip is designed to obtain a Bessel filter-shaped transfer characteristic when packaged in a module comprising a 1-mm connector.
Predicting Illusory Contours Without Extracting Special Image Features (2019)

Boundary completion is one of the desired properties of a robust object boundary detection model, since in real-word images the object boundaries are commonly not fully and clearly seen. An extreme example of boundary completion occurs in images with illusory contours, where the visual system completes boundaries in locations without intensity gradient. Most illusory contour models extract special image features, such as L and T junctions, while the task is known to be a difficult issue in real-world images. The proposed model uses a functional optimization approach, in which a cost value is assigned to any boundary arrangement to find the arrangement with minimal cost. The functional accounts for basic object properties, such as alignment with the image, object boundary continuity, and boundary simplicity. The encoding of these properties in the functional does not require special features extraction, since the alignment with the image only requires extraction of the image edges. The boundary arrangement is represented by a border ownership map, holding object boundary segments in discrete locations and directions. The model finds multiple possible image interpretations, which are ranked according to the probability that they are supposed to be perceived. This is achieved by using a novel approach to represent the different image interpretations by multiple functional local minima. The model is successfully applied to objects with real and illusory contours. In the case of Kanizsa illusion the model predicts both illusory and real (pacman) image interpretations. The model is a proof of concept and is currently restricted to synthetic gray-scale images with solid regions.
Environmental controls on the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem-respired CO2 in contrasting forest ecosystems in Canada and the USA (2007)

We compared the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem-respired CO 2 ( 13 C R ) from 11 forest ecosystems in Canada and the USA and examined differences among forest 13 C R responses to seasonal variations in environmental conditions from May to October 2004. Our experimental approach was based on the assumption that variation in 13 C R is a good proxy for short-term changes in photosynthetic discrimination and associated shifts in the integrated ecosystem-level intercellular to ambient CO 2 ratio (c i /c a ). We compared 13 C R responses for three functional groups: deciduous, boreal and coastal forests. The 13 C R values were well predicted for each group and the highest R 2 values determined for the coastal, deciduous and boreal groups were 0.81, 0.80 and 0.56, respectively. Consistent with previous studies, the highest correlations between 13 C R and changes in environmental conditions were achieved when the environmental variables were averaged for 2, 3 or 4 days before 13 C R sample collection. The relationships between 13 C R and environmental conditions were consistent with leaf-level responses, and were most apparent within functional groups, providing support for our approach. However, there were differences among groups in the strength or significance, or both, of the relationships between 13 C R and some environmental factors. For example, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil temperature were significant determinants of variation in 13 C R in the boreal group, whereas photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) was not; however, in the coastal group, variation in 13 C R was strongly correlated with changes in PPF, and there was no significant relationship with VPD. At a single site, comparisons between our 13 C R measurements in 2004 and published values suggested the potential application of 13 C R measurements to assess year-to-year variation in ecosystem physiological responses to changing environmental conditions, but showed that, in such an analysis, all environmental factors influencing carbon isotope discrimination during photosynthetic gas exchange must be considered.
Differential effects of specific chromosomal deficiencies on the development of the maize pollen grain (1991)

A study was made of the differential effects of specific chromosomal deficiencies on the development of the maize pollen grain. Twenty-six B–A translocations involving 17 of the 20 chromosome arms were used to produce hypoploid plants in which one half of the microspores had a predictable chromosomal deletion. Breakpoints of the translocations were proximally located in most cases, although some were more distal. Deficient and normal male gametophytes from these hypoploids were studied cytologically to characterize developmental changes. Generally, loss of part of a chromosome arm caused abnormal microspore development, a slowing of the normal mitotic or developmental processes in the male gametophyte, or a termination of development. Slowing of development was observed as early as the quartet stage in deficient microspores from TB-1Sb and TB-9Sd hypoploids, while in others the developmental delay occurred later, mostly during the first pollen mitosis. The abnormal or blocked development associated with other deficiencies began as early as the quartet stage in deficient microspores of TB-1La hypoploids and as late as the first mitotic telophase in those of TB-6Lb, TB-6Lc, TB-9La, and TB-9Lc. The developmental modifications induced by the diverse deficiencies are dependent on the particular segment lost, demonstrating that components of normal microspore development identified in this study are controlled by genes located in specific parts of the genome.Key words: pollen, gametophyte, deletion, B–A translocations.
Double-Photon Excitation of Fluorescence in Anthracene Single Crystals (1963)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation S. Singh, B. P. Stoicheff; Double‐Photon Excitation of Fluorescence in Anthracene Single Crystals. J. Chem. Phys. 15 April 1963; 38 (8): 2032–2033. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1733919 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
On one-dimensional quantum cellular automata (2002)

Since Richard Feynman introduced the notion of quantum computation in 1982, various models of "quantum computers" have been proposed (R. Feynman, 1992). These models include quantum Turing machines and quantum circuits. We define another quantum computational model, one dimensional quantum cellular automata, and demonstrate that any quantum Turing machine can be efficiently simulated by a one dimensional quantum cellular automaton with constant slowdown. This can be accomplished by consideration of a restricted class of one dimensional quantum cellular automata called one dimensional partitioned quantum cellular automata. We also show that any one dimensional partitioned quantum cellular automaton can be simulated by a quantum Turing machine with linear slowdown, but the problem of efficiently simulating an arbitrary one dimensional quantum cellular automaton with a quantum Turing machine is left open. From this discussion, some interesting facts concerning these models are easily deduced.
Hot-via interconnects: a step toward surface mount chip scale packaged MMICs up to 110 GHz (2005)

Two new techniques based on the RF hot-via concept have been developed for use in chip-scale packaged (CSP) MMICs. The first one utilizes backside bumps for die attach onto a substrate carrier; excellent RF performance has been achieved on both active-, and passive MMIC devices up to 110 GHz. The second technique is based on direct soldering of the MMIC backside interconnects onto low cost substrate carrier (RO4003), making it ideal for a wire-bond free full surface mount approach. To the author's knowledge this is the first demonstration of such die attach-, and packaging techniques for MMICs. As application examples, experimental performance results obtained with both techniques, are presented for transmission lines, and broadband 30-GHz GaAs PHEMT amplifier MMICs.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF AZOTOBACTER INDICUM (1963)

The extracellular polysaccharide of the Azotobacter indicum has been shown to be a mixture of two polymers of which the acidic polymer was a major fraction. The acidic polymer contained D-glycero-D-mannoheptose in the molar ratio of 1:1:1 plus traces of mannose. It consumed 1 mole of sodium metaperiodate per mole of an average anhydroaldose unit and released 0.95 moles of formaldehyde per anhydroheptose unit. Reduction of the oxidized polymer followed by hydrolysis yielded D-glucose, glycerose, glycolaldehyde, and glycerol. Complete fission of the methylated polymer yielded 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, 2,4,6,-tri-O-methyl α-D-glucose and 3,4,6,7-tetra-O-methyl D-glycero-D-mannoheptose. Partial hydrolysis of the methylated polymer produced a methylated aldotriouronic acid composed of 1 mole each of 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose and 3,4,6,7-tetra-O-methyl D-glycero-D-mannoheptose. A methylated aldobiouronic acid was also produced and was shown to be composed of 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid and 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl D-glucose.On the basis of these results it is proposed that the polysaccharide is a linear molecule composed of repeating units of D-glucuronic acid, D-glucose, and D-glycero-D-mannoheptose.
Far-infrared vibrational modes of DNA components studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2002)

The far-infrared dielectric function of a wide range of organic molecules is dominated by vibrations involving a substantial fraction of the atoms forming the molecule and motion associated with intermolecular hydrogen bond vibrations. Due to their collective nature such modes are highly sensitive to the intra- and intermolecular structure and thus provide a unique fingerprint of the conformational state of the molecule and effects of its environment. We demonstrate the use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) for recording the far-infrared (0.5-4.0 THz) dielectric function of the four nucleobases and corresponding nucleosides forming the building blocks of deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA). We observe numerous distinct spectral features with large differences between the molecules in both frequency-dependent absorption coefficient and index of refraction. Assisted by results from density-functional calculations we interpret the origin of the observed resonances as vibrations of hydrogen bonds between the molecules.