gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miglustat. Oxford GlycoSciences/Actelion. (2003)

Oxford GlycoSciences and Actelion have developed and launched miglustat (OGT-918; Vevesca; Zavesca) for the treatment of type 1 Gaucher disease. Miglustat is an orally administered small-molecule glucosylceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor licensed from Searle, and it is also in development for the treatment of other glycolipid storage disorders such as Tay-Sachs, Fabry and Niemann-Pick type C diseases. In November 2002, miglustat received EU approval for the treatment of Gaucher disease and was launched in the UK in March 2003 by Actelion. At this time, additional EU launches were expected over the next few months.
Evaluation of Direct Infusion-Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Heat Shock Proteins (2012)

Protein quantification with liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) has emerged as a powerful platform for assessing panels of biomarkers. In this study, direct infusion, using automated, chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization, coupled with MRM (DI-MRM) is used for protein quantification. Removal of the LC separation step increases the importance of evaluating the ratios between the transitions. Therefore, the effects of solvent composition, analyte concentration, spray voltage, and quadrupole resolution settings on fragmentation patterns have been studied using peptide and protein standards. After DI-MRM quantification was evaluated for standards, quantitative assays for the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were translated from LC-MRM to DI-MRM for implementation in cell line models of multiple myeloma. Requirements for DI-MRM assay development are described. Then, the two methods are compared; criteria for effective DI-MRM analysis are reported on the basis of the analysis of HSP expression in digests of whole cell lysates. The increased throughput of DI-MRM analysis is useful for rapid analysis of large batches of similar samples, such as time course measurements of cellular responses to therapy.
Partitioned neural network architecture for inverse kinematic calculation of a 6 DOF robot manipulator (1991)

A parallel neural network architecture called a partitioned network is proposed for applications which demand high learning accuracy. The partitioned neural network is composed of a preprocessing layer and partition modules containing dedicated neurons. The learning equations used are those of the backpropagation algorithm. The network has been applied to learning of the inverse kinematic solution of a six-degree-of-freedom robot manipulator. After training, the partitioned network was able to predict robot joint angles not included in the training data set with average errors of 0.9 degrees , 3.6 degrees , 2.1 degrees , 6.9 degrees , 6.5 degrees , and 8.5 degrees for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient algorithms for shared camera control (2003)

We consider a system that allows n networked users to share control over a robotic webcamera. Each user guides the camera pan, tilt and zoom, by drawing a rectangle in the user interface. The server adjusts the camera to best satisfy the user requests, by solving a geometric optimization problem that requires fitting one rectangle to many. We improve upon previous results with an O(n3/2 log3 n) time exact algorithm for this problem. We also present a simple near-linear time e-approximation algorithm. We have implemented the latter and report on experimental results.
Static enforcement of web application integrity through strong typing (2009)

Security vulnerabilities continue to plague web applications, allowing attackers to access sensitive data and co-opt legitimate web sites as a hosting ground for malware. Accordingly, researchers have focused on various approaches to detecting and preventing common classes of security vulnerabilities in web applications, including anomaly-based detection mechanisms, static and dynamic analyses of server-side web application code, and client-side security policy enforcement. This paper presents a different approach to web application security. In this work, we present a web application framework that leverages existing work on strong type systems to statically enforce a separation between the structure and content of both web documents and database queries generated by a web application, and show how this approach can automatically prevent the introduction of both server-side cross-site scripting and SQL injection vulnerabilities. We present an evaluation of the framework, and demonstrate both the coverage and correctness of our sanitization functions. Finally, experimental results suggest that web applications developed using this framework perform competitively with applications developed using traditional frameworks.
Stylus profiling at high resolution and low force (1991)

This paper describes experimental work to improve the lateral resolution of stylus instruments. Our efforts involve (1) use of a fine stylus, (2) low stylus load, (3) high magnification in the lateral direction, and (4) specimens with fine surface structure by which the lateral resolution of stylus instruments could be detected. By using styli with tip widths between 0.05 and 0.15-microm, a stylus load of 0.6-1.2 x 10(-6)-N (0.06-0.12-mgf), and a piezostage for lateral displacement, we detected 0.05-0.15-microm lateral resolution on the surfaces of different kinds of specimens. To get a high lateral resolution, the most important consideration is a fine stylus with small tip size.
Metadata for learning materials: an overview of existing standards and current developments (2010)

Summary: This paper provides an overview of specifications and standards for metadata relating to learning materials. It is structured to present first the currently established metadata schemas in use today (specifically the IEEE LOM and Dublin Core metadata), then to examine current developments and activities before looking at what might be the future challenges. The examination of current developments and activities highlights the increasingly recognized importance of metadata schema that describe what have in the past been thought of as secondary aspects of learning materials (for example who uses them and what for), and the importance of alternative approaches to structured metadata for resource description.
Antibodies to Lipopolysaccharides after Immunization of Humans with the Rough Mutant Escherichia coli J5 (1991)

To investigate whether immunization with Escherichia coli J5 boiled cells induces antibodies directed at deep core structures, antibodies against J5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Re LPS, and lipid A were measured in the serum of 70 volunteers before and 2 weeks after immunization. To improve the sensitivity and the specificity of ELISA, complexes of core LPS with high-density lipoproteins were used instead of free core LPS as antigens. A median three-fold increase in antibodies directed against J5 LPS was observed, but no significant increase in the antibodies against Re LPS or lipid A was found. Since J5 antiserum did not react with several smooth LPS or with Re LPS and lipid A, cross-reactivity could not be demonstrated. Thus, immunization of volunteers with E. coli J5 produced a modest specific antibody response against J5 LPS. The mechanism of protection previously observed with J5 antiserum remains unclear.
Some properties of single crystals of oxygermanate-apatites (1982)

Physical properties of single crystals of Sr/sub 2/Ln/sub 8/Ge/sub 6/O/sub 26/ (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, or Dy) are studied and thus it is supposed that Nd/sup 3 +/--activated lanthanum containing oxygermanate-apatities are promising laser materials. (AIP)
Improving code density using compression techniques (1997)

Proposes a method for compressing programs in embedded processors where the instruction memory size dominates the cost. A post-compilation analyzer examines a program and replaces common sequences of instructions with a single instruction codeword. A microprocessor executes the compressed instruction sequences by fetching codewords from the instruction memory, expanding them back to the original sequence of instructions in the decode stage, and issuing them to the execution stages. We apply our technique to the PowerPC, ARM and i386 instruction sets and achieve an average size reduction of 39%, 34% and 26%, respectively, for SPEC CINT95 programs.
Fulgurite Classification, Petrology, and Implications for Planetary Processes (2011)

A variety of fulgurites from diverse locations have been studied. Morphological features were measured and physical properties documented, and a classification scheme was developed. Three major types are introduced and described: Type I, Type II, and Type III, along with two minor types: Type IV and Melt Droplets. Fulgurites representative of each major taxonomic type were investigated using electron microprobe point analyses and x-ray mapping. A range of compositions were found, including nearly pure glass, detrital zircons with baddeleyite rims, Fe-metal with P-rich rims, and unusual Fe-Si metals. The fulgurite formation process is considered within the planetary context through a discussion of lightning detection and potential for formation on other terrestrial bodies. Finally, suggestions for future investigations are presented and discussed.
Logical engineering of D-arm and T-stem of tRNA that enhances d-amino acid incorporation (2017)

A bacterial translation factor EF-P alleviates ribosomal stalling caused by polyproline sequence by accelerating Pro-Pro formation. EF-P recognizes a specific D-arm motif found in tRNAPro isoacceptors, 9-nt D-loop closed by a stable D-stem sequence, for Pro-selective peptidyl-transfer acceleration. It is also known that the T-stem sequence on aminoacyl-tRNAs modulates strength of the interaction with EF-Tu, giving enhanced incorporation of non-proteinogenic amino acids such as some N-methyl amino acids. Based on the above knowledge, we logically engineered tRNA's D-arm and T-stem sequences to investigate a series of tRNAs for the improvement of consecutive incorporation of d-amino acids and an α, α-disubstituted amino acid. We have devised a chimera of tRNAPro1 and tRNAGluE2, referred to as tRNAPro1E2, in which T-stem of tRNAGluE2 was engineered into tRNAPro1. The combination of EF-P with tRNAPro1E2NNN pre-charged with d-Phe, d-Ser, d-Ala, and/or d-Cys has drastically enhanced expression level of not only linear peptides but also a thioether-macrocyclic peptide consisting of the four consecutive d-amino acids over the previous method using orthogonal tRNAs.
Discovery of a Novel and Highly Potent Noncompetitive AMPA Receptor Antagonist (2002)

N-Acetyl-1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists on the basis of molecular modeling studies. Sound-induced seizure testing showed that this class of compounds possessed anticonvulsant properties. In particular, 10c was more potent than talampanel (2), a noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist currently being investigated in phase III trials as an antiepileptic agent. Furthermore, electrophysiological studies indicated that 10c was a highly effective noncompetitive-type modulator of the AMPA receptor.
Application of TaqMan Low-Density Arrays for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Respiratory Pathogens (2011)

The large and growing number of viral and bacterial pathogens responsible for respiratory infections poses a challenge for laboratories seeking to provide rapid and comprehensive pathogen identification. We evaluated a novel application of the TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) cards for real-time PCR detection of 21 respiratory-pathogen targets. The performance of the TLDA was compared to that of individual real-time PCR (IRTP) assays with the same primers and probes using (i) nucleic acids extracted from the 21 pathogen strains and 66 closely related viruses and bacteria and (ii) 292 clinical respiratory specimens. With spiked samples, TLDA cards were about 10-fold less sensitive than IRTP assays. By using 292 clinical specimens to generate 2,238 paired individual assays, the TLDA card exhibited 89% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 86 to 92%; range per target, 47 to 100%) and 98% specificity (95% CI, 97 to 99%; range per target, 85 to 100%) overall compared to IRTP assays as the gold standard with a threshold cycle (C(T)) cutoff of 43. The TLDA card approach offers promise for rapid and simultaneous identification of multiple respiratory pathogens for outbreak investigations and disease surveillance.
[Clinical presentation and etiology of ichthyoses. Overview of the new nomenclature and classification]. (2010)

Ichthyoses comprise a heterogeneous group of Mendelian disorders of cornification (MEDOC) affecting the entire skin and characterized by hyperkeratosis and/or scaling. The genetic basis of almost all ichthyosis forms has been elucidated. In 2009, the worldwide first Ichthyosis Consensus Classification was approved. Its nosology is based on the clinical presentation and reflects recent pathogenic aspects. It distinguishes basically between non-syndromic and syndromic ichthyoses. The term ARCI/autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis represents the umbrella for harlequin ichthyosis, lamellar ichthyosis and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Ichthyoses due to keratin mutations are referred to as KPI/keratinopathic ichthyosis and include epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) and superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis (SEI). In Germany the Network for Ichthyoses and Related Keratinization Disorders (NIRK) and the patient organization Selbsthilfe Ichthyose e.V. provide contact points for diagnostic and therapeutic questions.
AwAS-II: A new Actuator with Adjustable Stiffness based on the novel principle of adaptable pivot point and variable lever ratio (2011)

The Actuator with Adjustable Stiffness (AwAS) is an actuator which can independently control equilibrium position and stiffness by two motors. The first motor controls the equilibrium position while the second motor regulates the compliance. This paper describes the design and development of AwAS-II which is an improved version of the original realization. AwAS tuned the stiffness by controlling the location of the springs and adjusting its arm, length. Instead AwAS-II regulates the compliance by implementing a force amplifier based on a lever mechanism on which a pivot point can adjust the force amplification ratio from zero to infinitive. As in the first implementation, the actuator which is responsible for adjusting the stiffness in AwAS II is not working against the spring forces. Its displacement is perpendicular to the force generated by springs which makes changing the stiffness energetically efficient. As the force amplification ratio can theoretically change from zero to infinitive consequently the level of stiffness can tune from very soft to completely rigid. Because this range does not depends on the spring's rate and length of the lever, thus soft springs and small lever can be used which result in a lighter and more compact setup. Furthermore as the lever arm is shorter the time required for the stiffness regulation is smaller.
Magnetic separation of seeds (1977)

Published May 1977. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Organic optical bistable switch (2003)

We demonstrate an organic optical bistable switch by integrating an efficient organic photodetector on top of a transparent electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (TOLED). The bistability is achieved with an external field-effect transistor providing positive feedback. In the “LOW” state, the TOLED is off and the current in the photodetector is solely its dark current. In the “HIGH” state, the TOLED emits light that is directly coupled into the integrated photodetector through the transparent cathode. The photocurrent then is fed back to the TOLED, maintaining it in the HIGH state. The green electrophosphorescent material, fac tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)3] doped into a 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl host was used as the luminescent material in the TOLED, while alternating thin layers of copper phthalocyanine and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole were used as the active region of the organic photodetector. The circuit has a 3 dB bandwidth of 25 kHz, and can be switched between HIGH and LOW using pulses as narrow as 60 ns. The bistable switch can be both electrically and optically reset, making it a candidate for image-retaining displays (e.g., electronic paper) and other photonic logic applications. The integrated organic device also has broad use as a linear circuit element in applications such as automatic brightness control.
Preparation and Characterization of Monodisperse FePd Nanoparticles (2004)

Monodisperse FePd nanoparticles were prepared by polyol reduction of palladium acetylacetonate and thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl, using a combination of n-adamantanecarboxylic acid and tri-alkylphosphine as stabilizers. The mean particle size can be tuned from 11 to 16 nm by controlling the concentration and type of stabilizers and reaction conditions. High monodispersity of FePd nanoparticles leads to the formation of two-dimensional (2D) superlattices consisting of hexagonal close-packed particles, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) images. This route provides a promising candidate for studying the magnetic properties of nanosized FePd materials.
Pt-silicide source and drain SOI-MOSFET operating in bi-channel modes (2002)

Recently, MOSFETs with metal/silicon contacts at source and drain have been attracting a great deal of attention. The Schottky barrier nature of the source contact offers the field emission of electrons from the source to the channel, which offers potential application to very small MOSFETs. In fact, this type of MOSFET has been demonstrated using bulk Si devices. From the viewpoint of suppression of floating body effects in an n-channel SOI-MOSFET, we have shown that the use of Schottky contacts at the source and drain is very effective and have demonstrated the successful operation of an n-channel SOI-MOSFET using Er-silicide Schottky contacts (Nishisaka and Asano, 1998). In this work, we report for the first time the complementary operation of an SOI-MOSFET with Pt-silicide source/drain contacts. It is shown that the single MOSFET can operate at room temperature in both n- and p-channel modes, so that complementary circuits can be realised without any control of the conduction-type of the silicon active layer.
A generic obstacle detection method for collision avoidance (2011)

Obstacle detection is an important component in driver assistance as it helps systems to locate obstacles and then to prevent collisions. The aim of this study is to develop an obstacle detection module through digital images processing. We present a hybrid stereo vision-based method that combines stereo matching and homographic transformation methods. We use a sparse matching method in order to get a rapid geometric representation of the road scene that allows us to extract the upper and lower parts of obstacles. According to the position of the lower part, our method uses either the dense stereo matching or the homographic transformation methods to extract the candidate obstacles regions. A verification test is performed to verify whether the retained region is an obstacle or not. In order to avoid collisions, we compute the distance to the preceding obstacle to maintain the vehicle carrying the camera at a safety distance. The method presented here was tested on DIPLODOC road stereo sequence captured on a highway. The obtained results prove the efficiency of our proposed method.
Design and Evaluation of Doxorubicin-containing Microbubbles for Ultrasound-triggered Doxorubicin Delivery: Cytotoxicity and Mechanisms Involved (2009)

Drug delivery with microbubbles and ultrasound is gaining more and more attention in the drug delivery field due to its noninvasiveness, local applicability, and proven safety in ultrasonic imaging techniques. In this article, we tried to improve the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX)-containing liposomes by preparing DOX-liposome-containing microbubbles for drug delivery with therapeutic ultrasound. In this way, the DOX release and uptake can be restricted to ultrasound-treated areas. Compared to DOX-liposomes, DOX-loaded microbubbles killed at least two times more melanoma cells after exposure to ultrasound. After treatment of the melanoma cells with DOX-liposome-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound, DOX was mainly present in the nuclei of the cancer cells, whereas it was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of cells treated with DOX-liposomes. Exposure of cells to DOX-liposome-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound caused an almost instantaneous cellular entry of the DOX. At least two mechanisms were identified that explain the fast uptake of DOX and the superior cell killing of DOX-liposome-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound. First, exposure of DOX-liposome-loaded microbubbles to ultrasound results in the release of free DOX that is more cytotoxic than DOX-liposomes. Second, the cellular entry of the released DOX is facilitated due to sonoporation of the cell membranes. The in vitro results shown in this article indicate that DOX-liposome-loaded microbubbles could be a very interesting tool to obtain an efficient ultrasound-controlled DOX delivery in vivo.
High compression ratio backward Raman conversion for high brightness excimer laser systems (1993)

A scheme of backward Raman pulse compression is proposed in which the backward first Stokes pulse is amplified under stationary conditions and the backward second Stokes under transient conditions by choosing an appropriate Raman medium. The compression factor and efficiency are improved by insertion of selective absorbers for the second Stokes component. The feasibility of such a scheme is demonstrated by an experiment in which a 249-nm UV pulse of 20-ns duration has been compressed into a 30-ps pulse with an power gain of 150 and energy conversion efficiency of 22%. Higher compression ratio and higher efficiency is expected under improved conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>