gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation, Test, and Verification of a Specialized Real-Time Radio Protocol - Chip: AtMega128RFA1, Application: AutoStore (2013)

During this thesis a specialized radio protocol has been defined, implemented, and tested. The conceptual functionality is based on a set of time synchronized access points, all operating on a different channel within the 2.4GHz ISM band. These access points will transmit beacons with a specific time offset between them, enabling listeners to continuously cycle through all channels, receiving all beacons transmitted by all access points within range. This also enables the access points to change channels at will, making the protocol very dynamic.\n\nWhen a node wish to transmit it will temporarily step out of the channel cycling sequences, and access the preferred channel using CSMA/CA. If more than one channel is available, a failure to access the best one will cause it to attempt on the second best and so on. This method will cause the traffic to automatically distribute among all available channels and access points.\n\nThe nodes measures the noise on each individual channel as they cycle through them, sending regular reports to the access points. This enables the channel swaps to be made intelligently, avoiding the most noisy channels and thus automatically adapting to any interfering networks like Wi-Fi and others.\n\nThe protocol has been implemented for an AtMega128RFA1, and the protocol core has been tested and verified to work as expected. The throughput is according to theoretical calculations and the access point is able to spontaneously swap channel with minimal impact on the overall quality of service.\n\nSome features of the protocol did not reach the needed accuracy during the implementation phase of the thesis work, still the sum of the currently observed behavior, the bugs and problems later discovered, and the set of proposed solutions to these problems, strongly indicates that the needed accuracy is well within reach. This is particularly the case with the time synchronization of the access points and the automatic detection of interference on the currently active channel.\n\nIn total the original conceptual idea has been proven to work in a real setting, giving very good results and giving strong indications that the protocol will be very well suited for the target application.\nThe total amount of work needed to get the full protocol, with all its features, completed proved too big for a single theses, thus the current system still needs more development, debugging, and testing before it can be used in a commercial product. \n\nStill, as a proof of concept, and as a foundation for future work, this thesis must be said to be a great success.
Interdependent Networks: Reducing the Coupling Strength Leads to a Change from a First to Second Order Percolation Transition (2010)

We study a system composed from two interdependent networks A and B, where a fraction of the nodes in network A depends on nodes of network B and a fraction of the nodes in network B depends on nodes of network A. Because of the coupling between the networks, when nodes in one network fail they cause dependent nodes in the other network to also fail. This invokes an iterative cascade of failures in both networks. When a critical fraction of nodes fail, the iterative process results in a percolation phase transition that completely fragments both networks. We show both analytically and numerically that reducing the coupling between the networks leads to a change from a first order percolation phase transition to a second order percolation transition at a critical point. The scaling of the percolation order parameter near the critical point is characterized by the critical exponent β=1.
Low‐dose corticosteroids in rheumatoid arthritis. A meta‐analysis of their moderate‐term effectiveness (1996)

Based on the limited data available, during moderate-term treatment periods averaging slightly over 7 months, corticosteroids appeared to be as effective or more effective than alternative therapies in improving several common RA disease activity measures.
Nanocrystalline gold arylthiolate molecules (2006)

This research focuses on generating, isolating, and characterizing nanophase gold clusters with diameters below two nanometers. In this size regime, the metal cores exhibit electronic and optical properties very different from those of colloidal and bulk gold, arising from quantum size confinement. The unoccupied molecular orbitals of the cores are known to accept electrons, analogous to a capacitor, but with discrete electrochemical potentials. This work describes the novel production of gold clusters with structurally rigid benzenethiolate bound to the surface, rather than typically used alkanethiolates. \n The Aux(benzenethiolate)y clusters are anionic and charged balanced by tetraoctylammonium cations. They are enriched in ~1.5 nm diameter cores, compared to a dominance of 1.7 nm cores when alkanethiols are used during synthesis. The Aux(benzenethiolate)y clusters are more likely to form bulk crystals and possess enhanced electrochemistry relative to Aux(alkylthiolate)y clusters. They are characterized by x-ray diffraction, carbon and proton NMR, FTIR, optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. \n The etching of clusters in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and excess benzenethiol to yield smaller 1.1 nm clusters is reported for the first time in this work. These 1.1 nm clusters have a rich optical spectrum with clear electronic transitions at room temperature and orient spontaneously when deposited from solution. This oxidative etching process was applied to alkanethiolate clusters, converting ~2.0 nm polydisperse clusters into smaller clusters. This offers the potential to produce smaller gold clusters with more available charge states and may allow increase the types of thiols that can be bound to the surface of gold monolayer protected clusters (MPCs), known also as quantum dots.\n The use of the bulky thiol, tert-butylmercaptan to produce 1.5 nm core gold clusters is also reported, indicating sterically hindered alkanethiols can play a role in limiting the size of Aux(alkylthiolate)y clusters. These clusters were characterized by x-ray diffraction, proton NMR, FTIR, optical spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The clusters are potentially useful for thiolate exchange reactions to produce new types of Aux(thiolate)y clusters.
Abstract 3992: Proteomic profiling of breast tumors using a microfluidic quantitative immunohistochemistry platform (2010)

Abstract In breast cancers, one of the most troublesome characteristics for cure is the heterogeneity in point of genetic alterations, treatment-response variability, and histopathological features. This characteristic urgently requires personalized tailored therapy, getting out of a simple and widespread prescription. Therefore, the investigation of multiple biomarkers is inevitable for complete recovery. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been a major diagnostic method in various malignancies and many studies showing the relationship between immunohistochemical profiles and molecular classification support that IHC might play a significant role in subclassification of breast cancer patients for personalized medicine. However, conventional IHC method is not adequate for examination of multiple biomarkers since it requires consumption of many tissue slices and proportionally increases diagnostic cost which can give a big burden to patients. In addition, subjective decision for biomarker expression is another major problem. Therefore, an innovative multiplexed IHC platform satisfying not only investigation of multiple biomarkers with reducing consumption of tissue slice but also quantification for the biomarkers is the current demand for personalized medicine. Here, a novel microfluidic multiplexed and quantitative IHC platform was developed for proteomic profiling of breast tumors. The large-scale microfluidic device was designed to have 20 microchannels, and multilayer soft lithography and two-step lithography technologies were used for fabrication. Fluidic resistance was considered for equivalent flow rate of individual reaction channel. Ten biomarkers known as predictive and prognostic indicators in breast cancers, including SMM-HC, CK5, CK14, E-Cadherin, p53, ER, p63, PR, HER2, and Ki-67, were examined on four breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SK-BR-3, AU-565, and HCC70) to confirm the massive multiplexed IHC. Results showed that the platform successfully realized the expressions of each biomarker on a cellblock at the same time and proteomic profiling for 10 biomarkers could be quantitatively analyzed from the image analysis. The platform was also applied to a breast cancer tissue sample and the result was corresponded to the results of conventional IHC method. This microfluidic platform is expected to realize precise subtyping of cancer patients by the proteomic profiling even though the size of tumor samples acquired by operation has been getting smaller due to early detection and neoadjuvant therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3992.
Treatment-induced changes in sensitivity in a multiclonal human tumor mixture model in vitro. (1988)

An in vitro model has been devised so that mixtures of human tumor cells can be grown together for studies related to drug-induced or -selected changes in sensitivity. In the studies reported here, two human astrocytoma clones, one sensitive and one resistant to 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU), were carefully matched for doubling times, cell cycle phase distributions, and colony-forming efficiencies. The clones were mixed and grown together, and after only three weekly treatments with MeCCNU (10 micrograms/ml for 1 h each week) the sensitive cells in the mixture were killed, leaving behind a population that was almost 100% resistant to further exposures to MeCCNU. The loss of the sensitive cells from the mixture each week was easily detected by visual observation of flow microfluorometry histograms since the clones had different DNA indices. Repeated weekly exposures of the unmixed resistant clone (AST 1-1) to MeCCNU caused very little accumulated cell kill. Similar exposures of the unmixed sensitive clone (AST 3-4) produced a linear decrease in survival over the first three weekly treatments with 10 micrograms MeCCNU/ml, but after that time these cells became progressively more resistant to MeCCNU. It is unlikely that the change to resistance in the AST 3-4 clone occurred because of contamination with the resistant AST 1-1 cells, because their DNA index remained stable. These data show that repeated treatments with a single agent can cause a tumor cell population to become more resistant. It remains to be tested whether this resistance was the result of cellular interactions, drug-induced changes in sensitivity, or selection for resistant cells already present in the populations. This mixture model may be useful in studies on how cellular interactions influence growth and drug sensitivity in tumor and normal cell populations.
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Large-Vessel Thrombosis in Mice (2011)

Intermediate-level magnified image capture represents a novel approach for analysis of fluorescence-based in vivo imaging, with quantitative application to the study of large-vessel thrombosis.
Motion correction of PET images using multiple acquisition frames (2002)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a relatively lengthy brain imaging method. Because it is difficult for the patient to stay still during the data acquisition, head motion during scans are a source of image degradation. To reduce the degradation, a simple data acquisition technique is described. This technique associates the incoming data with the real-space position of the head. It consists of constantly monitoring the head position during PET studies and comparing the head position to the initial head position associated with the current acquisition frame. Every time the maximum RMS displacement within the field of view (FOV) is larger than a specified threshold value, the data acquisition system starts acquiring the data into a new frame. A complete study is then acquired over several frames. The number of frames required depends on the motion of the head during the study and on the threshold value. At the end of the study all the acquired frames are reconstructed independently and each image is rotated and translated according to its associated initial head position. When these images are added together, it will produce a final image with fewer motion artefacts.
Phase equilibria of linear polyethylene with supercritical propane (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase equilibria of linear polyethylene with supercritical propaneP. D. Condo Jr., E. J. Colman, and P. EhrlichCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2, 750–753Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00028a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00028a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feline immunodeficiency virus: prevalence, disease associations and isolation (1990)

Of 467 cat serums tested for antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) 120 (26%) were positive. The average age of positive cats was 7.5 years (range 1 to 16 years), and 67% were male. Of 110 serums collected in 1980, 27 (24.5%) were positive. A wide variety of clinical signs including oral cavity disease, anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, depression, fever, respiratory and urinary tract disease, conjunctivitis, abscesses, anaemia and lymphadenopathy were observed in the cats with serum antibody. There was often a history of chronic disease or recurrence of particular or various clinical signs in these cats. FIV was isolated from 4 of 8 FIV antibody positive cats by cocultivation of patient lymphocytes with donor lymphocytes in the presence of interleukin 2.
Comparison of tribromoethanol, ketamine/acetylpromazine, Telazol/xylazine, pentobarbital, and methoxyflurane anesthesia in HSD:ICR mice. (1995)

Variation in the duration of surgical anesthesia in mice prompted an evaluation of various commonly used anesthetics. Using biotelemetric technology, we evaluated the effects of six anesthetic regimens (tribromoethanol, ketamine and acetylpromazine in combination, Telazol and xylazine in two combinations, pentobarbital, and methoxyflurane) on temperature and activity. Six groups of four male HSD:ICR mice received one of the anesthetic regimens or an equivalent volume of saline. Induction time (time from anesthetic administration until righting reflex loss) and duration of anesthesia (loss of response to interdigital toe pinch) were evaluated. Methoxyflurane and both doses of Telazol combinations resulted in the shortest and most repeatable induction times. None of the mice in the ketamine/acetylpromazine- and pentobarbital-treated groups lost the interdigital toe pinch reflex. Duration of anesthesia was superior in the two Telazol/xylazine-treated groups. A direct correlation existed between duration of anesthesia and magnitude and duration of temperature reduction. Duration of anesthesia can be used to predict extent of hypothermia.
Synthesis and structural characterization of the first phosphorus-centered Baker-Figgis .gamma.-dodecametalate: .gamma.-Cs5[PV2W10O40].cntdot.xH2O (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structural characterization of the first phosphorus-centered Baker-Figgis .gamma.-dodecametalate: .gamma.-Cs5[PV2W10O40].cntdot.xH2OP. J. Domaille and R. L. HarlowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 8, 2108–2109Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00268a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00268a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views605Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Magnetic endoscope imaging (ScopeGuide) elucidates the mechanism of action of the pain-alleviating impact of water exchange colonoscopy - attenuation of loop formation (2012)

MEI data objectively demonstrated significantly fewer loops during water exchange colonoscopy, elucidating its mechanism of pain alleviation - attenuation of loop formation. Since MEI feedback enhances cecal intubation by trainees, the role of MEI combined water exchange in speeding up trainee learning curves deserves further evaluations.
Bacterial killing in gastric juice – effect of pH and pepsin on Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori (2006)

The susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori to pH and the effect of pepsin-mediated proteolysis were investigated. This was to establish the relative importance of their bacterial killing properties in gastric juice. Solutions in the pH range 1.5-7.4 with or without pig pepsin A were used, together with seven gastric juice samples obtained from patients undergoing routine gastric collection. Escherichia coli C690 (a capsulate strain), E. coli K-12 (a rough mutant) and Helicobacter pylori E5 were selected as the test organisms. Suspensions of bacteria (1x10(6) E. coli ml-1 and 1x10(8) H. pylori ml-1) were pre-incubated with test solutions at 37 degrees C for up to 2 h, and then cultured to establish the effect on subsequent growth. Survival of bacteria was diminished at pHs of less than 3.5, whereas killing required a pH of less than 2.5. Pre-incubation with pig pepsin at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg ml-1 at pH 3.5 reduced viable counts by 100% for E. coli 690 and E. coli K-12 after 100 min incubation. With H. pylori, the viable counts decreased to 50% of the control after 20 min incubation in 1 mg pepsin ml-1 at pH 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5. The gastric juices showed bactericidal activity at pH 3.5, and the rate of killing was juice dependent, with complete death of E. coli 690 occurring between 5 and 40 min post-incubation. Thus, killing of E. coli and H. pylori occurs optimally at pHs of less than 2.5. At pH 3.5, little effect is observed, whereas addition of pepsin alone or in gastric juice causes a marked increase in bacterial susceptibility, suggesting an important role for proteolysis in the killing of bacteria.
PV array voltage range extension for photovoltaic inverters using a mini-boost (2016)

Photovoltaic (PV) plants are designed at higher voltage and lower current operation in order to reduce the overall system installation cost. Multiple PV modules connected in series are prone to shading problems which leads to loss of energy harvested. PV inverters without a boost stage are more efficient, by removing the additional power stage, but are prone to energy harvesting loss when the array is partially shaded and the voltage drops below the minimum operating voltage. Instead, PV inverters equipped with a boost stage improve the range of conditions where energy can be harvested but add additional losses to the system reducing the efficiency. In this paper, a new converter power stage topology design and methodology optimization is proposed in the form of a mini-boost, a cost-effective and attractive solution to the traditional approach. The mini-boost extends the DC voltage range for energy harvesting under shading conditions and low irradiance conditions and only needs to process a fraction of the power leading to a cost effective and attractive solution. A comparative analysis under different irradiance levels is presented to illustrate the advantages in energy harvesting obtained with the mini-boost solution. Simulations and experimental results using a dual mini-boost dc-dc stage and 3-phase 3-level neutral point clamped inverter level are presented to validate the proposed dc-bus extension range for energy harvesting.
Uncoupling Protein 2 Negatively Regulates Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Induces Phosphatase-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Response in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis (2011)

To reside and multiply successfully within the host macrophages, Leishmania parasites impair the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are a major host defense mechanism against any invading pathogen. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins are associated with mitochondrial ROS generation, which is the major contributor of total cellular ROS generation. In the present study we have demonstrated that Leishmania donovani infection is associated with strong upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a negative regulator of mitochondrial ROS generation located at the inner membrane of mitochondria. Functional knockdown of macrophage UCP2 by small interfering RNA-mediated silencing was associated with increased mitochondrial ROS generation, lower parasite survival, and induction of marked proinflammatory cytokine response. Induction of proinflammatory cytokine response in UCP2 knocked-down cells was a direct consequence of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK activation, which resulted from ROS-mediated inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Administration of ROS quencher, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, abrogated PTP inhibition in UCP2 knocked-down infected cells, implying a role of ROS in inactivating PTP. Short hairpin RNA-mediated in vivo silencing of UCP2 resulted in decreased Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 and PTP-1B activity and host-protective proinflammatory cytokine response resulting in effective parasite clearance. To our knowledge, this study, for the first time, reveals the induction of host UCP2 expression during Leishmania infection to downregulate mitochondrial ROS generation, thereby possibly preventing ROS-mediated PTP inactivation to suppress macrophage defense mechanisms.