gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Study of Cellular Infiltrates and Cytokine Production and Its Modulation by Cyclosporin A (1992)

The progression of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) was evaluated in mice repeatedly challenged with the actinomycete Faeni rectivirgula (Micropolyspora faeni) (90 or 180 micrograms), at the cellular level and at the mediator level. Instillation of F. rectivirgula by the intranasal route determined a granulomatous inflammation in the lungs of animals correlated with a dramatic increase (5- to 6-fold) in cellularity in the bronchoalveolar space and an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes. Disease in mice was also correlated with high spontaneous release of the cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) (60 U/ml), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (72 U/ml), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (56 U/ml) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, as well as by an enhanced capacity for cytokine release by macrophages upon stimulation with F. rectivirgula. It was also found that the pulmonary inflammation was correlated with a 60 to 70% increase in total lung weight after 4 wk and a significant lung fibrosis as seen by a 2-fold increase in lung hydroxyproline levels. Treatment of challenged mice with cyclosporin A (CyA) led to an abrogation of the disease as seen by an abrogation of the increase in lung index, lack of IL-1 and TNF-alpha release in the BAL. CyA did not, however, completely prevent the alveolitis as seen by the cellular infiltrate (2- to 3-fold in BAL cell increase). It also did not prevent the T-lymphocyte recruitment associated with HP, although these cells did not proliferate in response to the F. rectivirgula antigen, in contrast to BAL cells from F. rectivirgula-challenged mice treated with excipient only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human pre-implantation embryo development (2012)

Understanding human pre-implantation development has important implications for assisted reproductive technology (ART) and for human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based therapies. Owing to limited resources, the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing this early stage of human development are poorly understood. Nonetheless, recent advances in non-invasive imaging techniques and molecular and genomic technologies have helped to increase our understanding of this fascinating stage of human development. Here, we summarize what is currently known about human pre-implantation embryo development and highlight how further studies of human pre-implantation embryos can be used to improve ART and to fully harness the potential of hESCs for therapeutic goals.
Minimum variance image blending for robust ultrasound image deconvolution (2014)

When the ultrasound wave propagates the human body, its velocity and attenuation change at each region, which make the PSF shape different. To solve the PSF estimation problem is ill-posed case and rarely error free which produces the PSF estimation errors and make the image overblurred by the sidelobe artifacts. For the commercialization of the ultrasound deconvolution method, the robustness of the image deconvolution without artifacts is essential. There exist many minimum variance beamformer algorithms. It is robust to noise and shows high resolution efficiently. We consider the channel data as image pixel and we present a new spatial varying MV (minimum variance) blending scheme with the deconvolved imageges in the image processing domain. With a stochastic image blending of the deconvolution images, we obtain high resolution results which suppress the blur artifacts enough although the input deconvolution images have restoration errors. We verify our algorithm on the real data. In all the case, we can observe that the artifacts are suppressed and show the highest resolution among the deconvolution methods.
Holographic augmented reality based on three-dimensional volumetric imaging for a photorealistic scene (2020)

In this paper, we propose a new system for a real-time holographic augmented reality (AR) video service based on a photorealistic three-dimensional (3D) object point for multiple users to use simultaneously at various locations and viewpoints. To observe the object from all viewpoints, a camera system capable of acquiring the 3D volume of a real object is developed and is used to generate a real object in real-time. Using the normal of the object point, the observable points are mapped to the viewpoint at which the user is located, and a hologram based on the object point is generated. The angle at which the reflected light from each point is incident on the hologram plane is calculated, and the intensity of the interference light is adjusted according to the angle to generate a hologram with a higher 3D effect. The generated hologram is transmitted to each user to provide a holographic AR service. The entire system consists of a camera system comprising eight RGB-D (depth) cameras and two workstations for photorealistic 3D volume and hologram generation. Using this technique, a realistic hologram was generated. Through experiments displaying holograms simultaneously from several different viewpoints, it is confirmed that multiple users can concurrently receive hologram AR.
FOCCS, FLEXIBLE OPERATION COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT (1991)

Describes the Flexible Operation Command and Control System (FOCCS), a computer aided management and information system for public transport with the objective of achieving both improvement and rationalization in operation and passenger service. The system provides a set of EDP modules for vehicle location, nominal-actual timetable comparison, transfer synchronization, traffic light priority, passenger information, fare and ticketing related features and demand responsive services.
A Novel Fabrication Technique for Thin Metallic Vacuum Chambers with Low Eddy Current Losses (1985)

Eddy current problems in synchrotrons have been avoided until now by using costly and thick ceramic vacuum chambers which reduce the free magnet aperture. These disadvantages are eliminated by a novel fabrication technique developed for the chambers of the new 9 GeV electron synchrotron DESY II operating with 12.5 Hz repetion rate. The elliptical chambers 80×40 mm are made from .3 mm thick stainless steel tubes reinforced by thin ribs. The ribs are brazed on the tubes by a high temperature Ni-base brazing alloy. The linear eddy current losses are 60 W/m and increase the chamber temperature to only 50° C. The available beam aperture is now 93% of the magnet gap. A still higher repetion rate up to 100 Hz can be achieved by reducing the wall thickness to .1 mm and using tubes made from a Ti-alloy having higher resistivity than stainless steel.
Interaction of metronidazole with phenobarbital, cimetidine, prednisone, and sulfasalazine in Crohn's disease (1988)

The influence of prednisone(PR), sulfasalazine(SZ), cimetidine(CM), and phenobarbital(PB) on the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole was investigated in six Crohn's patients. Metronidazole was first administered alone (250 mg bid, po) and then with prednisone (10 mg bid, po), sulfasalazine (1 g bid, po), cimetidine (600 mg bid) or phenobarbital (60 mg bid, po). Each regimen was followed for 6 days and sampling of blood and urine was carried out on the 7th day after the first dose of each regimen. Plasma and urine samples were analysed for the drug and its two principal metabolites, hydroxymetronidazole and metronidazole-1-acetic acid, by HPLC. When given alone, metronidazole had a mean volume of distribution of 0.667 +/- 0.15 lkg-1, a half-life of 9.7 +/- 3.1 h and an oral clearance of 0.852 +/- 0.23 (ml-1 min) kg-1. The disposition kinetics of metronidazole and its metabolites was not altered by CM and SZ. Induction of metabolism of metronidazole by PR was made manifest in significant increases in oral clearance of the former and urinary excretion of the hydroxy metabolite, and significant decrease in AUC of the parent compound. PB also induced the metabolism of metronidazole. This induction was reflected in significant increases in the oral clearance of metronidazole and AUC of the hydroxy metabolite as well as significant decreases in AUC, half-life, and urinary excretion of the parent drug.
1,3‐Dipolare Cycloadditionen bei Cycloalkeninen (1983)

Abstract Die Cycloalkine 1a – g werden mit den 1,3‐Dipolen Diazomethan ( 2a ) und 2,4,6‐Trimethylbenzonitriloxid ( 2b ) behandelt. Dabei interessieren besonders die Konkurrenz von Doppel‐ und Dreifachbindungen und die Regioselektivität. Es lassen sich charakteristische Unterschiede im Verhalten von gespannten ( 1a – d ) und ungespannten Dipolarophilen ( 1e – g ) feststellen. Zur Erklärung wird die Grenzorbital‐Theorie herangezogen.
Charged polyacrylonitrile membranes having amphiphilic quaternized ammonium groups for ultrafiltration (1998)

Four types of positively charged polyacrylonitriles having quaternized N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DAMA) were synthesized and were used to prepare ultrafiltration membranes by a phase-inversion method. The effect of aliphatic ethyl, octyl, and stearyl groups and the benzyl group, which covalently bind to the quaternary ammonium group, on filtration properties was studied by ultrafiltration under an applied pressure of 760 mmH2O. Water permeability through the resultant membranes increased as the aliphatic chain length on the quaternary ammonium group increased. For a copolymer membrane having a benzyl group on the quaternary ammonium group, water permeability was lower than that for the ethyl type of copolymer membrane. The membrane permeability and pore size for the molecular size-exclusion effect were studied at various NaCl concentrations in the 0–0.15M region. The membranes having octyl and stearyl groups showed stable filtration behavior by increase of the NaCl concentration, while the membranes having an ethyl group and a benzyl group on the quaternary ammonium group showed a change of the water permeability due to a pore-size increase for the membrane by NaCl addition. Measurements of membrane potential indicated the shielding of positively charged sites of the membranes by salt addition. Further, the copolymer membranes showed a separation ability for water/2-butanol of low water content. The separation ability was attributed to the chemical structure of the membranes having different interaction characteristics with the mixture components. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1821–1828, 1998
The active migration of <i>Drosophila</i> primordial germ cells (1995)

We describe our analysis of primordial germ cell migration in Drosophila wild-type and mutant embryos using high resolution microscopy and primary culture in vitro. During migratory events the germ cells form transient interactions with each other and surrounding somatic cells. Both in vivo and in vitro they extend pseudopodia and the accompanying changes in the cytoskeleton suggest that actin polymerization drives these movements. These cellular events occur from the end of the blastoderm stage and are regulated by environmental cues. We show that the vital transepithelial migration allowing exit from the gut primordium and passage into the interior of the embryo is facilitated by changes in the structure of this epithelium. Migrating germ cells extend processes in different directions. This phenomenon also occurs in primary culture where the cells move in an unoriented fashion at substratum concentration-dependent rates. In vivo this migration is oriented leading germ cells to the gonadal mesoderm. We suggest that this guidance involves stabilization of states of an intrinsic cellular oscillator resulting in cell polarization and oriented movement.
Total Synthesis of Tropoloisoquinolines:  Imerubrine, Isoimerubrine, and Grandirubrine<sup>1</sup> (2001)

A unified, ready access to the tropoloisoquinoline alkaloids imerubrine (1), grandirubrine (2), and isoimerubrine (3) is delineated and features sequential application of the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an acetylene-tethered oxazole and the [4 + 3] cycloaddition of an oxyallyl. A regioselective synthesis of 1 was achieved by stereo- and regioselective oxidation of an 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one cycloadduct by means of the Moriarty method. Such a post-cycloaddition functionalization complements the synthetic utility of an alpha-alkoxy-substituted oxyallyl so as to broaden the scope of the oxyallyl [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction.
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF TUBERCLE BACILLI AND CERTAIN OTHER MYCOBACTERIA IN H<scp>E</scp>L<scp>A</scp> CELLS (1957)

By making use of the increased phagocytosis which follows the exposure of HeLa cells to tissue culture media containing selected horse sera, it was possible to introduce all of the mycobacterial species studied into the cells, where many of them proceeded to grow. Fully virulent strains of tubercle bacilli filled much of the cytoplasm in a few days and formed characteristic cords not seen with other strains. The strains said to be less virulent, R1Rv, BCG, H37Ra, and R1Ra, grew less rapidly and in characteristic patterns. Their rates of multiplication in HeLa cells were in the order named and correlated well with their reported pathogenicity for mice and guinea pigs. Six INH-resistant strains grew at rates characteristic of fully virulent strains. Among the "rapidly growing" species, M. phlei and M. smegmatis did not show evidence of growth in the cells, although M. fortuitum did. Some strains with optimal temperatures on bacteriological media below 37 degrees C, M. balnei, M. marinum, and M. platypoecilus, grew rapidly in HeLa cells, especially at temperatures of 31 to 35 degrees C. The growth patterns of the bacilli in HeLa cells appear sufficiently specific to be useful in differentiation among the mycobacteria.
Supplementing wind turbine pitch control with a trailing edge flap smart rotor (2014)

Placement of additional control devices along the span of the wind turbine blades is being considered for multi-MW wind turbines to actively alter the local aerodynamic characteristics of the blades.This smart rotor approach can reduce loads on the rotor due to wind field non-uniformity, but also, as presented in this paper, can supplement the pitch control system.Rotor speed and tower vibration damping are actively controlled using pitch.By supplementing the speed control using smart rotor control, pitch actuator travel is reduced by 15%, pitch rates by 23%, and pitch accelerations by 42%.This is achieved through filtering the pitch demand such that high frequency signals are dealt with by the smart rotor devices while the low frequency signal is dealt with by pitching the blades.It is also shown that this may be achieved while also using the smart rotor control for load reduction, though with reduced effectiveness.This shows that smart rotor control can be used to trade pitch actuator requirements as well as load reductions with the cost of installing and maintaining the distributed devices.
Disposition of Mycophenolic Acid, Brevianamide A, Asperphenamate, and Ergosterol in Solid Cultures of <i>Penicillium brevicompactum</i> (1982)

When Penicillium brevicompactum was grown between layers of dialysis membrane on Czapek-Dox agar for 3 days, no synthesis of mycophenolic acid, brevianamide A, asperphenamate, or ergosterol occurred. After removal of the uppermost membrane layer, aerial mycelium developed and all four metabolites were formed. The bulk of the mycophenolic acid that was formed was excreted into the medium, the bulk of the brevianamide A and asperphenamate was found in the aerial hyphae, and ergosterol was found in both vegetative and aerial mycelia.
A Simple and economical route to generate functional hepatocyte‐like cells from hESCs and their application in evaluating alcohol induced liver damage (2011)

The in vitro derived hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is a promising tool to acquire improved knowledge of the cellular and molecular events underlying early human liver development under physiological and pathological conditions. Here we report a simple two-step protocol employing conditioned medium (CM) from human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2 to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells from hESC. Immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, and biochemical analyses revealed that the endodermal progenitors appeared as pockets in culture, and the cascade of genes associated with the formation of definitive endoderm (HNF-3β, SOX-17, DLX-5, CXCR4) was consistent and in concurrence with the up-regulation of the markers for hepatic progenitors [alpha-feto protein (AFP), HNF-4α, CK-19, albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT)], followed by maturation into functional hepatocytes [tyrosine transferase (TAT), tryptophan-2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO), glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), CYP3A4, CYP7A1]. We witnessed that the gene expression profile during this differentiation process recapitulated in vivo liver development demonstrating a gradual down-regulation of extra embryonic endodermal markers (SOX-7, HNF-1β, SNAIL-1, LAMININ-1, CDX2), and the generated hepatic cells performed multiple liver functions. Since prenatal alcohol exposure is known to provoke irreversible abnormalities in the fetal cells and developing tissues, we exposed in vitro generated hepatocytes to ethanol (EtOH) and found that EtOH treatment not only impairs the survival and proliferation, but also induces apoptosis and perturbs differentiation of progenitor cells into hepatocytes. This disruption was accompanied by alterations in the expression of genes and proteins involved in hepatogenesis. Our results provide new insights into the wider range of destruction caused by alcohol on the dynamic process of liver organogenesis.
Meter placement for load estimation in radial power distribution systems (2004)

This paper addresses the meter placement problem with respect to load estimation (LE) in radial power distribution systems. A problem formulation of meter placement for LE considering measurement costs, LE accuracy and reliability for a given network configuration is proposed. A heuristic incremental meter placement method is developed. The zonal method addressed in J. Wan and K. Miu (2002) and J. Wan and K. Miu (2000) are used for LE. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown in a 20-bus radial distribution network.
Detecting Pupil and Iris under Uncontrolled Illumination using Fixed-Hough Circle Transform (2012)

The use of characteristics of iris and pupil are very useful in wide range of applications. There have been many studies about detecting pupil and iris, however most of these studies focused on images which are taken under controlled illumination conditions. In this paper, we focus on images in which are taken under uncontrolled illumination using compact digital cameras. We propose an efficient method for detecting pupil and iris accurately. Our method is based on Hough Circle Transform by fixed radius. This algorithm combines face recognition, edge detection and characteristics of LAB images. We implement our method into 125 face images which are taken by compact digital camera under uncontrolled illumination, varying pose and expression conditions of human face. The result shows that our algorithm has performance about 82%.
Feature congestion (2005)

Management of clutter is an important factor in the design of user interfaces and information visualizations, allowing improved usability and aesthetics. However, clutter is not a well defined concept. In this paper, we present the Feature Congestion measure of display clutter. This measure is based upon extensive modeling of the saliency of elements of a display, and upon a new operational definition of clutter. The current implementation is based upon two features: color and luminance contrast. We have tested this measure on maps that observers ranked by perceived clutter. Results show good agreement between the observers' rankings and our measure of clutter. Furthermore, our measure can be used to make design suggestions in an automated UI critiquing tool.
C-reactive protein: relation to total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular risk factors in men (2000)

C-reactive protein levels are raised in association with a variety of established cardiovascular risk factors. Neither C-reactive protein nor the systemic inflammation it represents appears to play a direct role in the development of ischaemic heart disease.
Recent Advances in Laboratory Test Protocols to Evaluate Optimum Drilling, Completion and Stimulation Practices for Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs (2000)

Abstract Low permeability gas reservoirs often exhibit high resistivity and low initial water saturations. Reservoirs of this type may also be susceptible to problems associated with the retention of water or hydrocarbon based drilling and completion fluids, as well as the accumulation of hydrocarbon liquids from the production of rich retrograde gas systems. These phenomena are referred to as aqueous and hydrocarbon phase trapping and have been extensively discussed in the literature as a major source of reduced productivity in low permeability gas reservoirs. This paper briefly describes specific laboratory procedures which have been developed to diagnose problems with phase trapping for given reservoir applications. This allows for the selection of the optimum drilling and completion fluids and practices prior to the costly execution of a potentially ineffective or damaging treatment in the reservoir. Specific examples of tests results and detailed protocols based on extensive testing and refinement of lab procedures are presented. Introduction Phase trapping or adverse relative permeability effects has been discussed extensively in the literature (Refs. 1 to 13) from both a theoretical and field production perspective. This mechanism of formation damage is becoming increasingly recognized as a significant issue in the reduced productivity of low permeability gas wells, and may occur in a number of different areas during drilling and completion operations and subsequent production operations. Most notably, with respect to low permeability gas reservoirs, the areas which are often evaluated on an experimental design basis include:Water-based phase trappingOil-based phase trappingRetrograde condensate dropout trapping and removal. Water-Based Phase Trapping (Water Blocking, Aqueous Phase Trapping) Due to the relative preponderance of water-based fluids that are used as drilling and completion media on a worldwide basis, this particular type of phase trap tends to be more common in most situations, and a considerable effort has been made to diagnose and evaluate its effect. Water-based phase trapping occurs when a water-based fluid is introduced into the reservoir matrix in the region surrounding the wellbore (or in certain situations a natural or induced fracture face), and a portion of this fluid in retained in the rock matrix upon commencing production (or in some cases when initiating injection). The severity of a water trap is highly influenced by:Initial fluid saturations in the reservoirRock wettabilityPore system geometry
Multi-channel BiLSTM-CRF Model for Emerging Named Entity Recognition in Social Media (2017)

In this paper, we present our multichannel neural architecture for recognizing emerging named entity in social media messages, which we applied in the Novel and Emerging Named Entity Recognition shared task at the EMNLP 2017 Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (W-NUT). We propose a novel approach, which incorporates comprehensive word representations with multichannel information and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) into a traditional Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiL-STM) neural network without using any additional hand-crafted features such as gazetteers. In comparison with other systems participating in the shared task, our system won the 3rd place in terms of the average of two evaluation metrics.