gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absence of the cancer-associated factor with a molecular weight of 60,000 from the plasma of patients with a spectrum of nonneoplastic conditions. (1984)

We demonstrated previously (Cancer Res., 42: 4964-4969, 1982) that a tumor-associated factor was consistently present in the plasma of over 100 human cancer patients with tumors at 31 different sites. The plasma of healthy controls had very low activity in the biochemical assay. In the present study, we show by a combination of molecular sieving and assay of nuclear RNA transport that the tumor-associated factor, which has a molecular weight of 60,000, is undetectable in the plasma of healthy adults. The low activity reported earlier is due to three normal cell factors of markedly different molecular weight. Furthermore, the tumor factor is shown to be absent from the plasma of male and female patients hospitalized for a variety of nonmalignant surgical conditions. Only the plasma from patients who were pregnant, suffered from chronic renal failure, or had recent myocardial infarction gave false positives in the biochemical assay. However, in these cases, the activity was due to an increase in the normal tissue-associated factors and not to the appearance of the Mr 60,000 tumor-associated factor. The factor is present in amniotic fluid, confirming that it is a fetal factor which does not cross the placental barrier. Thus, it may be classified as an oncofetal factor. All four factors found in the plasma were identified in the cytosol from a human tumor. In summary, the tumor-associated factor appears to be tumor specific and can be unambiguously identified by bioassay of the plasma factors eluting from Sepharose CL-6 B columns in the Mr 60,000 region. It can also be identified by examination of sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms of the appropriate Sepharose CL-6 B fractions after removal of albumin.
‘A special place in contemporary economic literature’: the rise and fall of the British bank review, 1914–1993 (1995)

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PPM demodulation: On approaching fundamental limits of optical communications (2010)

We consider the problem of demodulating M-ary optical PPM (pulse-position modulation) waveforms, and propose a structured receiver whose mean probability of symbol error is smaller than all known receivers, and approaches the quantum limit. The receiver uses photodetection coupled with optimized phase-coherent optical feedback control and a phase-sensitive parametric amplifier. We present a general framework of optical receivers known as the conditional pulse nulling receiver, and present new results on ultimate limits and achievable regions of spectral versus photon efficiency tradeoffs for the single-spatial-mode pure-loss optical communication channel.
Image-based geographical location estimation using web cameras (2014)

This paper describes a method for estimating the location of an IP-connected camera (a web cam) by analyzing a sequence of images obtained from the camera. First, we classify each image as Day/Night using the mean luminance of the sky region. From the Day/Night images, we estimate the sunrise/set, the length of the day, and local noon. Finally, the geographical location (latitude and longitude) of the camera is estimated. The experiment results show that our approach achieves reasonable performance.
A three-dimensional thiophene-annulated perylene bisimide as a fullerene-free acceptor for a high performance polymer solar cell with the highest PCE of 8.28% and a <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> over 1.0 V (2018)

PSCs based on <bold>BPT-S</bold> achieved the PCE of 8.28%, which is the highest value based on S-annulated PBIs acceptors so far.
Endogenous tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is essential to host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection (1988)

During a sublethal murine infection with Listeria monocytogenes cells, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity was detectable in neither sera nor spleen homogenates at any stage of the infection when a bioassay with L-929 cells (less than 4 U/ml) was used. However, injecting the mice with an immunoglobulin fraction obtained from a rabbit hyperimmunized with recombinant murine TNF-alpha resulted in acceleration of listeriosis. When 1 mg of anti-TNF antibody was injected per mouse, all the mice died from listeriosis, even though the infectious dose was sublethal for the untreated controls. The antigen-specific elimination of the bacterium from the spleens and livers of anti-TNF antibody-treated mice was delayed, depending on the dose of the antibody injected. Endogenous TNF seemed to be produced early in infection, because suppression of antilisterial resistance was significant when a single injection of anti-TNF antibody was given between day zero and day 2 of infection. The effect of endogenous TNF on antilisterial resistance was due to neither regulation of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma production nor induction of IFN-beta subtype 1 (IFN-beta 1), because anti-TNF antibody treated-mice produced normal levels of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma in the bloodstream during infection and administration of monoclonal anti-murine IFN-beta 1 antibody had no effect on the development of listeriosis. Alternatively, the listericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages of L. monocytogenes-infected mice could be abrogated by injection of anti-TNF antibody in vivo. These results suggest that the lower level of TNF is produced endogenously in mice that received L. monocytogenes infection and that it plays an essential role in the host defense against L. monocytogenes infection.
Structure of the human RECQ1 helicase reveals a putative strand-separation pin (2009)

RecQ-like helicases, which include 5 members in the human genome, are important in maintaining genome integrity. We present a crystal structure of a truncated form of the human RECQ1 protein with Mg-ADP. The truncated protein is active in DNA fork unwinding but lacks other activities of the full-length enzyme: disruption of Holliday junctions and DNA strand annealing. The structure of human RECQ1 resembles that of Escherichia coli RecQ, with some important differences. All structural domains are conserved, including the 2 RecA-like domains and the RecQ-specific zinc-binding and winged-helix (WH) domains. However, the WH domain is positioned at a different orientation from that of the E. coli enzyme. We identify a prominent β-hairpin of the WH domain as essential for DNA strand separation, which may be analogous to DNA strand-separation features of other DNA helicases. This hairpin is significantly shorter in the E. coli enzyme and is not required for its helicase activity, suggesting that there are significant differences between the modes of action of RecQ family members.
High performance liquid chromatography purification and structural characterization of the subunits of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase. (1984)

A rapid reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is presented for isolating the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase. The HPLC separation allows micropreparative purification of all the subunits with 66-88% recoveries. Relative molecular weights of the subunits as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis in 4, 5, 7, and 10% acrylamide are alpha 132,000, alpha' 127,000, beta 113,000 and gamma 43,000. Amino acid compositions are reported for the HPLC purified subunits. alpha contains about 2 mol of endogenous phosphate/mol of protein and beta, gamma, and delta each contain about 1 mol of phosphate/mol of protein. Despite the identity of delta and calmodulin, essentially no protein-bound phosphate was found associated with bovine brain calmodulin. Holophosphorylase kinase contains about 20 mol of endogenous phosphate/mol of protein. The first NH2-terminal sequence analyses of the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits were determined by Tarr manual Edman degradation. Within the NH2-terminal 23 residues of gamma ( TRDAALPGSHSTHGFYENYESKE . . . ) there are six identities and one conservative interchange with the catalytic subunit of bovine cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The first 17 residues of the NH2-terminal sequence of alpha ( MRSRSNSGVRLDSYARL . . . ) exhibit six identities and one conservative interchange with the transforming protein from the Rous sarcoma virus (Schmidt- Rupin strain) provided a single gap is inserted in the src gene product. Further structural information is required to evaluate the significance of these sequence similarities. The beta subunit has a blocked NH2 terminus.
The Roles of Carbohydrate Chains of the β-Subunit on the Functional Expression of Gastric H+,K+-ATPase (2000)

Gastric H(+),K(+)-ATPase consists of alpha and beta-subunits. The alpha-subunit is the catalytic subunit, and the beta-subunit is a glycoprotein stabilizing the alpha/beta complex in the membrane as a functional enzyme. There are seven putative N-glycosylation sites on the beta-subunit. In this study, we examined the roles of the carbohydrate chains of the beta-subunit by expressing the alpha-subunit together with the beta-subunit in which one, several, or all of the asparagine residues in the N-glycosylation sites were replaced by glutamine. Removing any one of seven carbohydrate chains from the beta-subunit retained the H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. The effects of a series of progressive removals of carbohydrate chains on the H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity were cumulative, and removal of all carbohydrate chains resulted in the complete loss of H(+), K(+)-ATPase activity. Removal of any single carbohydrate chain did not affect the alpha/beta assembly; however, little alpha/beta assembly was observed after removal of all the carbohydrate chains from the beta-subunit. In contrast, removal of three carbohydrate chains inhibited the surface delivery of the beta-subunit and the alpha-subunit assembled with the beta-subunit, indicating that the surface delivery mechanism is more dependent on the carbohydrate chains than the expression of the H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and alpha/beta assembly.
A sigma-delta digital oscillator for MEMS (2004)

A novel digital oscillator for MEMS, based on bandpass sigma-delta modulation is presented. Short pulses of force of the same amplitude maintain the oscillation and their associated bit-stream output serves to know the oscillation frequency of the resonator, which for low mechanical losses is very close to the natural frequency. Position sensing requirements are extremely simplified because at each sampling time it is only necessary to know whether the resonator position is above or below the steady state position. Continuous-time simulations are presented which show the behavior of the oscillator for a reference MEMS resonator and different sampling frequencies.
Compact Lexicon Selection with Spectral Methods (2015)

Young-Bum Kim, Karl Stratos, Xiaohu Liu, Ruhi Sarikaya. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2015.
m-Bop, a Repressor Protein Essential for Cardiogenesis, Interacts with skNAC, a Heart- and Muscle-specific Transcription Factor (2002)

The m-Bop protein encoded by the mouse Bop gene is strongly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle, and recent studies with Bop knockout mice have demonstrated that m-Bop is essential for cardiogenesis in vivo and can act as a HDAC-dependent repressor in vitro. In the present studies, m-Bop was observed to interact with skNAC, a reported transcriptional activator specific to heart and skeletal muscle. The amino-terminal S region of the split S-ET domain of m-Bop as well as the MYND domain were required for interaction with skNAC in both the two-hybrid system and in coimmunoprecipitation experiments from cultured mammalian cells. As shown previously for interaction of the MYND domain-containing transcriptional corepressor, BS69, with several viral and cellular oncoproteins, a PXLXP motif in skNAC was required for interaction with m-Bop. Similar kinetics of induction and localization of m-Bop and skNAC during the induction of myogenesis in cultured C2C12 cells suggests a possible associated role for these proteins during this process.
Dense nuclei segmentation based on graph cut and convexity–concavity analysis (2013)

With the rapid advancement of 3D confocal imaging technology, more and more 3D cellular images will be available. However, robust and automatic extraction of nuclei shape may be hindered by a highly cluttered environment, as for example, in fly eye tissues. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient nuclei segmentation algorithm based on the combination of graph cut and convex shape assumption. The main characteristic of the algorithm is that it segments nuclei foreground using a graph-cut algorithm with our proposed new initialization method and splits overlapping or touching cell nuclei by simple convexity and concavity analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can segment complicated nuclei clumps effectively in our fluorescent fruit fly eye images. Evaluation on a public hand-labelled 2D benchmark demonstrates substantial quantitative improvement over other methods. For example, the proposed method achieves a 3.2 Hausdorff distance decrease and a 1.8 decrease in the merged nuclei error per slice.
Control of normal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. VIII. Induction of differentiation to mature granulocytes in mass culture (1975)

There are three types of myeloid leukemic cells, IR+D, IR+D- and IR-D-. IR+D+ cells were induced to differentiate to granulocytes in mass culture in liquid medium by conditioned medium (CM) from cultures of lungs from mice injected with endotoxin. About 90% of the leukemic cells were induced to differentiate, 50% to mature granulocytes and 40% to intermediate stages. An efficient induction of granulocyte differentiation was also obtained with CM from primary cultures of rat embryo or human spleen and there was a lower activity with CM from various other sources. IR+D- cells were induced to differentiate to about 20% cells with intermediate stages but not to mature granulocytes; IR-D- cells could not be induced to differentiate to intermediate or mature stages. IR+D+ cells were induced to form intermediate stages of granulocyte differentiation, to phagocytose and to attach to the surface of the Petri dish, three days after incubation with CM. Optimum induction of mature granulocytes required six more days incubation with CM. Mature granulocytes induced from leukemic cells showed cytochemical properties and a morphology in the electron microscope similar to that of normal mature granulocytes. These induced granulocytes did not form leukemiac in animals or colonies in agar. The granulocytes induced from the myeloid leukemic cells, therefore, behaved like normal mature granulocytes.
Where Do the Leads for Licences Come From? (2000)

Knowing where licence and option leads come from can optimize the productivity in university technology transfer offices. This article presents the sources of over 1,100 leads for licences and options from six different institutions: the University of Florida; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; the Oregon Health Sciences University; Tulane University; and the University of Utah. Data from each of the six offices confirm the authors' suspicions that the majority of the leads come from inventors. The methodology used to gather the data is also described.
Backscattering of an Intense Laser Beam by an Electron (2003)

We present a novel, simple asymptotic expansion for the spectrum of radiation that is backscattered from a laser by a counterpropagating (or copropagating) electron. The solutions are presented in such a way that they explicitly show the relative merit of using an intense laser and of an energetic electron beam in x-ray production in the single particle regime. Simple scaling laws are given.
Modification of resonance Raman scattering in very intense laser fields (1977)

The general method developed in a previous paper (see ibid., vol.10, p.345 (1977)) is applied to the problem of resonance Raman scattering in very intense laser fields. At very low intensities the spectrum consists of three monochromatic lines (Rayleigh, Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes) which split into a triplet and two doublets when the laser light, tuned on one of the two transitions connecting the upper state to the two lower sublevels, has a sufficiently high intensity to saturate this transition but not the second one. The Raman and Rayleigh lines are completely mixed when the intensity becomes so high that both transitions are saturated. The corresponding evolution of the spectrum is determined. Optical-pumping effects leading to asymmetries in the fluorescence spectrum are taken into account.
Performance of new polymeric materials with high radiation resistance (1994)

The resistance to radiation of polymeric materials with high modulus and strength, high service temperatures, high resistance to thermal oxidation, and high chemical resistance is evaluated. Different methods of assessment are considered, which require radiation doses from 0.01 to 10 MGy.
Analysis of detrap current due to oxide traps to improve flash memory retention (2002)

To improve flash memory retention characteristics, we study detrap current due to oxide traps in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures (MOS capacitors and MOSFETs). We show that threshold voltage shift due to detrap current in flash memories can reach 0.6 V for 1 year. This value is detrimental for flash memory retention. Next, we analyze the two types of conduction mechanism of the detrap current, which are direct tunneling to the anode from deeper traps and thermally excited electron tunneling to the oxide conduction band from shallower traps. The deeper traps are generated by electron injection during Fowler-Nordheim stressing, while the shallower traps are generated by hole injection.
MORE LITERARY ECHOES IN “DON JUAN” (1967)

Journal Article MORE LITERARY ECHOES IN “DON JUAN” Get access J. C. MAXWELL J. C. MAXWELL University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 14, Issue 8, August 1967, Pages 302-b–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/14-8-302b Published: 01 August 1967
Above threshold ionization beyond the high harmonic cutoff (1993)

We present high sensitivity electron energy spectra for xenon in a strong 50 ps, 1.053 \ensuremath{\mu}m laser field. The above threshold ionization distribution is smoothly decreasing over the entire kinetic energy range (0--30 eV), with no abrupt changes in the slope. This is in direct contrast to the sharp cutoff observed in xenon optical harmonic generation spectra. Calculations using the single active electron approximation show excellent agreement with the observed electron distributions. These results directly address the unresolved relationship between the electron and photon emission from an atom in an intense field.
Bayesian generalized additive mixed models. A simulation study (2001)

Generalized additive mixed models extend the common parametric predictor of generalized linear models by adding unknown smooth functions of different types of covariates as well as random effects. From a Bayesian viewpoint, all effects as well as smoothing parameters are random. Assigning appropriate priors, posterior inference can be based on Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques within a unified framework. Given observations on the response and on covariates, questions like the following arise: Can the additive structure be recovered? How well are unknown functions and effects estimated? Is it possible to discriminate between different types of random effects? The aim of this paper is to obtain some answers to such questions through a careful simulation study. Thereby, we focus on models for Gaussian and categorical responses based on smoothness priors as in Fahrmeir and Lang (2001). The result of the study provides valuable insight into the facilities and limitations of the models when applying them to real data.
Regulation of IGF-I Signaling in Retinal Endothelial Cells by Hyperglycemia (2007)

This study demonstrates that hyperglycemic conditions enhance the response of RECs to IGF-I by increasing the association of IAP with SHPS-1 permitting the formation of the SHPS-1-Shc signaling complex, which is required for the proliferative response to IGF-I.
Direct Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols (2015)

Abstract The “green” reduction of carboxylic acids to alcohols is a challenging task in organic chemistry. Herein, we describe a general protocol for generation of alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acids. Key to success is the use of a combination of Ru(acac) 3 , triphos and Lewis acids. The novel method showed broad substrate tolerance and a variety of aliphatic carboxylic acids including biomass‐derived compounds can be smoothly reduced.
Deterministic test generation for non-classical faults on the gate level (2002)

This paper presents a deterministic test pattern generator for combinational circuits, called CONTEST, which can efficiently handle various gate level fault models: stuck-at faults, function conversions, bridging faults, transition faults and faults with additional fault detection conditions. CONTEST is part of a complete test generation system for non-classical faults which consists of a test pattern generator, a fault simulator and a fault list generator. The fault list generator uses a library-based fault modeling strategy which allows the specification of realistic target fault sets. Experimental results show that CONTEST can efficiently handle non-classical faults on the gate level. For a complex target fault set which encompasses for example stuck-at, stuck-open and bridging faults, a test efficiency of 100% has been achieved for each of the ISCAS benchmark circuits containing up to 38,000 nodes.
Dendrimer-Templated Fe Nanoparticles for the Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Plasma-Enhanced CVD (2006)

A fourth-generation (G4) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G4-NH2) has been used as a template to deliver nearly monodispersed catalyst nanoparticles to SiO2/Si, Ti/Si, sapphire, and porous anodic alumina (PAA) substrates. Fe2O3 nanoparticles obtained after calcination of the immobilized Fe3+/G4-NH2 composite served as catalytic "seeds" for the growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by microwave plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD). To surmount the difficulty associated with SWNT growth via PECVD, reaction conditions that promote the stabilization of Fe nanoparticles, resulting in enhanced SWNT selectivity and quality, have been identified. In particular, in situ annealing of Fe catalyst in an N2 atmosphere was found to improve SWNT selectivity and quality. H2 prereduction at 900 degrees C for 5 min was also found to enhance SWNT selectivity and quality for SiO2/Si supported catalyst, albeit of lower quality for sapphire supported catalyst. The application of positive dc bias voltage (+200 V) during SWNT growth was shown to be very effective in removing amorphous carbon impurities while enhancing graphitization, SWNT selectivity, and vertical alignment. The results of this study should promote the use of exposed Fe nanoparticles supported on different substrates for the growth of high-quality SWNTs by PECVD.