gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical Modifier Role of Membrane-Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-Dependent Ceramide Signaling in Lung Injury and Emphysema (2010)

Ceramide accumulation mediates the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive lung diseases. Although an association between lack of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and ceramide accumulation has been described, it is unclear how membrane-CFTR may modulate ceramide signaling in lung injury and emphysema. Cftr(+/+) and Cftr(-/-) mice and cells were used to evaluate the CFTR-dependent ceramide signaling in lung injury. Lung tissue from control and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients was used to verify the role of CFTR-dependent ceramide signaling in pathogenesis of chronic emphysema. Our data reveal that CFTR expression inversely correlates with severity of emphysema and ceramide accumulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects compared with control subjects. We found that chemical inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis controls Pseudomonas aeruginosa-LPS-induced lung injury in Cftr(+/+) mice, whereas its efficacy was significantly lower in Cftr(-/-) mice, indicating that membrane-CFTR is required for controlling lipid-raft ceramide levels. Inhibition of membrane-ceramide release showed enhanced protective effect in controlling P. aeruginosa-LPS-induced lung injury in Cftr(-/-) mice compared with that in Cftr(+/+) mice, confirming our observation that CFTR regulates lipid-raft ceramide levels and signaling. Our results indicate that inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis may be effective in disease states with low CFTR expression like emphysema and chronic lung injury but not in complete absence of lipid-raft CFTR as in ΔF508-cystic fibrosis. In contrast, inhibiting membrane-ceramide release has the potential of a more effective drug candidate for ΔF508-cystic fibrosis but may not be effectual in treating lung injury and emphysema. Our data demonstrate the critical role of membrane-localized CFTR in regulating ceramide accumulation and inflammatory signaling in lung injury and emphysema.
Programming of a flexible computer simulation to visualize pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models (2004)

Teaching pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models can be made more effective using computer simulations. We propose the programming of educational PK or PK/PD computer simulations as an alternative to the use of pre-built simulation software. This approach has the advantage of adaptability to non-standard or complicated PK or PK/PD models. Simplicity of the programming procedure was achieved by selecting the LabVIEW programming environment. An intuitive user interface to visualize the time courses of drug concentrations or effects can be obtained with pre-built elements. The environment uses a wiring analogy that resembles electrical circuit diagrams rather than abstract programming code. The goal of high interactivity of the simulation was attained by allowing the program to run in continuously repeating loops. This makes the program behave flexibly to the user input. The programming is described with the aid of a 2-compartment PK simulation. Examples of more sophisticated simulation programs are also given where the PK/PD simulation shows drug input, concentrations in plasma, and at effect site and the effects themselves as a function of time. A multi-compartmental model of morphine, including metabolite kinetics and effects is also included. The programs are available for download from the World Wide Web at http:// www. klinik.uni-frankfurt.de/zpharm/klin/ PKPDsimulation/content.html. For pharmacokineticists who only program occasionally, there is the possibility of building the computer simulation, together with the flexible interactive simulation algorithm for clinical pharmacological teaching in the field of PK/PD models.
Planarization, Fusion, and Strain of Carbon-Bridged Phenylenevinylene Oligomers Enhance π-Electron and Charge Conjugation: A Dissectional Vibrational Raman Study (2015)

We have used Raman spectroscopy to study the molecular and electronic structures of the radical cations and dications of carbon-bridged oligo(para-phenylenevinylene)s (COPVn, n = 1-6) possessing consecutive fused pentagons and hexagons, up to 19, along with COPV derivatives having electron-donating and -withdrawing groups. This study was made possible by the outstanding stability of the charged states of COPVs. We could untangle the effects of π-conjugation in the planar structure on the Raman frequency by distinguishing it from other structural effects, such as strain in the vinylene groups shared by the two pentagons. The analyses showed that the radical cations have benzo-quinoidal structures confined in the center of the molecule, as well as benzo-aromatic rings at the terminal sites. In contrast, dications of COPVn longer than n = 3 exhibit a biradicaloid character because of the recovery of aromaticity in the central rings and quinoidal rings at the terminal positions. These biradicaloids favor a singlet nature in their ground electronic states because of the double spin polarization. The introduction of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups on the termini of a COPV core affords, upon oxidation or reduction, a fully delocalized class III mixed valence system because of the high degree of conjugation of the COPV platform, which favors extensive charge delocalization.
A Lightweight Tangible 3D Interface for Interactive Visualization of Thin Fiber Structures (2013)

We present a prop-based, tangible interface for 3D interactive visualization of thin fiber structures. These data are commonly found in current bioimaging datasets, for example second-harmonic generation microscopy of collagen fibers in tissue. Our approach uses commodity visualization technologies such as a depth sensing camera and low-cost 3D display. Unlike most current uses of these emerging technologies in the games and graphics communities, we employ the depth sensing camera to create a fish-tank stereoscopic virtual reality system at the scientist's desk that supports tracking of small-scale gestures with objects already found in the work space. We apply the new interface to the problem of interactive exploratory visualization of three-dimensional thin fiber data. A critical task for the visual analysis of these data is understanding patterns in fiber orientation throughout a volume.The interface enables a new, fluid style of data exploration and fiber orientation analysis by using props to provide needed passive-haptic feedback, making 3D interactions with these fiber structures more controlled. We also contribute a low-level algorithm for extracting fiber centerlines from volumetric imaging. The system was designed and evaluated with two biophotonic experts who currently use it in their lab. As compared to typical practice within their field, the new visualization system provides a more effective way to examine and understand the 3D bioimaging datasets they collect.
Reproductive endocrinology (1998)

The theme running through the articles in this issue on reproductive medicine is that of the safety of the medical treatments we use in this specialty. Two of the articles focus on familiar medications, such as the oral contraceptive pill and the drugs used to induce ovulation, and two focus on the benefits and potential hazards of new approaches to treatment, viz the reduction of insulin drive in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the use of selective modulators of estrogen receptors in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Architectures for a Spin Quantum Computer Based on Endohedral Fullerenes (2002)

We present a discussion of recent concepts for the construction of a spin quantum computer using endohedral fullerenes. The fullerene molecule is a static, room-temperature trap for atoms with slowly relaxing electron and nuclear spins. The fullerene “containers” can be used to arrange the spins in complex structures such as a linear chain, to form a spin quantum register. We discuss the probable properties of such registers and different strategies to use them in a quantum computer design, including gating and read-out methods.
Sustained Alzheimer's Amyloid Pathology in Myeloid Differentiation Protein-88-Deficient APPswe/PS1 Mice (2013)

Our findings indicate that impaired innate immune responses may play a role in AD pathology.
Second malignancies in children with neuroblastoma after combined treatment with <sup>131</sup>I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (2003)

Should (131)I-MIBG treatment become more broadly employed in the therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma, the risk of second cancer will have to be taken into consideration. The organization of an international registry of subjects treated with (131)I-MIBG might better define the frequency and features of second malignancies following this radiometabolic approach.
Multisensor system for the protection of critical infrastructure of a seaport (2012)

There are many separated infrastructural objects within a harbor area that may be considered "critical", such as gas and oil terminals or anchored naval vessels. Those objects require special protection, including security systems capable of monitoring both surface and underwater areas, because an intrusion into the protected area may be attempted using small surface vehicles (boats, kayaks, rafts, floating devices with weapons and explosives) as well as underwater ones (manned or unmanned submarines, scuba divers). The paper will present the concept of multisensor security system for a harbor protection, capable of complex monitoring of selected critical objects within the protected area. The proposed system consists of a command centre and several different sensors deployed in key areas, providing effective protection from land and sea, with special attention focused on the monitoring of underwater zone. The initial project of such systems will be presented, its configuration and initial tests of the selected components. The protection of surface area is based on medium-range radar and LLTV and infrared cameras. Underwater zone will be monitored by a sonar and acoustic and magnetic barriers, connected into an integrated monitoring system. Theoretical analyses concerning the detection of fast, small surface objects (such as RIB boats) by a camera system and real test results in various weather conditions will also be presented.
L'activitat econòmica de la població de nacionalitat estrangera al Regne Unit (2006)

A partir de les dades de la Labour Force Survey del Regne Unit de l'any 2002, en aquest article s'intenta descriure la situacio de la poblacio estrangera en el mercat de treball del Regne Unit. L'objectiu principal es analitzar el rol de la immigracio dintre del mercat de treball d'acollida, identificant les similituds i les diferencies entre la poblacio autoctona i els diferents grups nacionals. L'assumpcio de partida es que no hi ha un unic tipus d'immigracio en el Regne Unit. S'identifiquen diferents perfils de poblacio estrangera, que podriem dividir entre els provinents de paisos rics i els de paisos pobres. A mes a mes, les seves circumstancies economiques i socials en el pais d'acollida depenen de les seves caracteristiques demografiques i socials, el pais d'origen, la durada de l'assentament, etc. ; A partir de los datos de la Labour Force Survey del Reino Unido del ano 2002, en este articulo se intenta describir la situacion de la poblacion extranjera en el mercado de trabajo del Reino Unido. El objetivo principal es analizar el papel de la inmigracion dentro del mercado de trabajo de acogida, identificando las similitudes y las diferencias entre la poblacion autoctona y los diferentes grupos nacionales. La asuncion de partida es que no hay un unico tipo de inmigracion en el Reino Unido. Es posible identificar diferentes perfiles de poblacion extranjera, que podriamos dividir entre aquellos originarios de paises ricos y los de paises pobres. Ademas, sus circunstancias economicas y sociales en el pais de acogida dependen de sus caracteristicas demograficas y sociales, el pais de origen, la duracion del asentamiento, etc. ; Using the 2002 Quarterly Labour Force Survey and through a secondary analysis this paper is trying to describe the situation of foreign population in the labour market in the UK. The main focus here is to analyse the role of immigration in the UK labour market and identify the similarities and differences between the UK population and the different nationality groups. The underlying assumption in the analysis is that it is not possible to speak about only one kind of 'immigration' in the UK. It is possible to distinguish different profiles of foreign people. Furthermore, their economic and social consequences in the host country, depends on their demographic and social characteristics, their country of origin, the length of settlement in the country, etc.
Theranostic mercury part 1: A new Hg/Au separation by a resin based method (2017)

The development of a fast and efficient method for Mercury/Gold separation is described as a necessary precondition for large scale production of theranostic mercury 197(m)Hg. To achieve this, the application of so called LN resin (LaNthanides) was studied. The results confirm the applicability of this resin for Au/Hg separation by high efficiency, high separation factor and reproducibility.
Tubular reactors for emulsion polymerization: II. Model comparisons with experiments (1994)

Abstract A dynamic model for emulsion polymerization in a tubular reactor has been developed and compared with experimental data. The model uses an axial dispersion coefficient to fit experimentally measured residence time distributions and to represent axial mixing during reaction. Very general emulsion polymerization kinetics are assumed so that a wide range of monomers and operating conditions can be handled. Orthogonal collocation on finite elements was chosen as the numerical solution technique. Comparisons show good agreement between model and experiments for two different monomers.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent Photoaffinity Probes of Oleanolic Acid (2013)

To study the target proteins of oleanolic acid, a series of novel photoaffinity probes were designed and synthesized. Their affinity for the target proteins was evaluated in an enzyme inhibition assay against glycogen phosphorylase, a known target protein of oleanolic acid. Among these compounds, probe 2 exhibited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 5.98 μM, which was about 2.5-fold more potent than its parent compound oleanolic acid. The results showed that the synthesized photoaffinity probes retained the binding affinity for their target proteins, and might be used as powerful tools to fish out the target proteins of oleanolic acid.
Targeting of Pancreatic Glia in Type 1 Diabetes (2008)

OBJECTIVE— Type 1 diabetes reflects autoimmune destruction of β-cells and peri-islet Schwann cells (pSCs), but the mechanisms of pSC death and the T-cell epitopes involved remain unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Primary pSC cultures were generated and used as targets in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assays in NOD mice. Cognate interaction between pSC and CD8+ T-cells was assessed by transgenic restoration of β2-microglobulin (β2m) to pSC in NOD.β2m−/− congenics. I-Ag7 and Kd epitopes in the pSC antigen glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were identified by peptide mapping or algorithms, respectively, and the latter tested by immunotherapy. RESULTS— pSC cultures did not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and were lysed by ex vivo CTLs from diabetic NOD mice. In vivo, restoration of MHC class I in GFAP-β2m transgenics significantly accelerated adoptively transferred diabetes. Target epitopes in the pSC autoantigen GFAP were mapped to residues 79–87 and 253–261 for Kd and 96–110, 116–130, and 216–230 for I-Ag7. These peptides were recognized spontaneously in NOD spleens as early as 2.5 weeks of age, with proliferative responses peaking around weaning and detectable lifelong. Several were also recognized by T-cells from new-onset type 1 diabetic patients. NOD mouse immunotherapy at 8 weeks with the CD8+ T-cell epitope, GFAP 79–87 but not 253–261, significantly inhibited type 1 diabetes and was associated with reduced γ-interferon production to whole protein GFAP. CONCLUSIONS— Collectively, these findings elucidate a role for pSC-specific CD8+ T-cells in islet inflammation and type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, further supporting neuronal involvement in β-cell demise.
Vehicle and engine technology (1985)

Engine * Fuel Systems * Supercharging * Pollution Control * Cooling Systems * Gearbox * Automatic transmission * Universal joints * Final drives * Steering systems * Suspension * Brakes * Electrics.
Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption on Amine Adsorbents. 1. Impact of Heat Effects (2012)

The packed bed heat and mass transfer dynamics of CO2 adsorption onto a 3-aminopropylsilyl-functionalized SBA-15 silica material are reported. Concentration measurements at the outlet of the packed bed and temperature profiles inside the bed are measured simultaneously. Heat and mass transfer models in conjunction with the linear driving force rate model are used to simulate the concentration and temperature profiles in the bed. The heat and mass transfer processes in the amine adsorbent packed bed are successfully captured by the model, and comparison of isothermal and nonisothermal models reveals that isothermal models provide an accurate description of the dynamic mass transport behavior in the adsorption column under the experimental conditions used in this study. The results help establish that under certain experimental conditions, heat effects in amine adsorbent packed beds have a negligible effect on CO2 breakthrough, and simple isothermal models can be used to accurately assess adsorption kinetics. © 2012 American Chemical Society.
Anthelmintic drugs and nematicides: studies in Caenorhabditis elegans (2014)

Parasitic nematodes infect many species of animals throughout the phyla, including humans. Moreover, nematodes that parasitise plants are a global problem for agriculture. As such, these nematodes place a major burden on human health, on livestock production, on the welfare of companion animals and on crop production. In the 21st century there are two major challenges posed by the wide-spread prevalence of parasitic nematodes. First, many anthelmintic drugs are losing their effectiveness because nematode strains with resistance are emerging. Second, serious concerns regarding the environmental impact of the nematicides used for crop protection have prompted legislation to remove them from use, leaving agriculture at increased risk from nematode pests. There is clearly a need for a concerted effort to address these challenges. Over the last few decades the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has provided the opportunity to use molecular genetic techniques for mode of action studies for anthelmintics and nematicides. These approaches continue to be of considerable value. Less fruitful so far, but nonetheless potentially very useful, has been the direct use of C. elegans for anthelmintic and nematicide discovery programmes. Here we provide an introduction to the use of C. elegans as a 'model' parasitic nematode, briefly review the study of nematode control using C. elegans and highlight approaches that have been of particular value with a view to facilitating wider-use of C. elegans as a platform for anthelmintic and nematicide discovery and development.
The Four Ways of Eco-global Criminology (2017)

In charting out the ‘four ways’ of eco-global criminology, this paper discusses the importance of recognising and acting in regards to the differences evident in (1) ways of being (ontology), (2) ways of knowing (epistemology), (3) ways of doing (methodology) and (4) ways of valuing (axiology). The paper assumes and asserts that global study of environmental crime is essential to the green criminology project, and particularly an eco-global criminology approach. Specific instances of criminal and harmful activity therefore need to be analysed in the context of broad international social, political, economic and ecological processes. The article outlines the key ideas of eco-global criminology, a perspective that argues that global study must always be inclusive of voices from the periphery and margins of the world’s metropolitan centres, and critical of the social relations that sustain the epistemological as well as material realities and legacies of colonialism and imperialism. Yet, in doing so, there arise many paradoxes and conundrums that likewise warrant close attention.
On the Characterization of Data Cache Vulnerability in High-Performance Embedded Microprocessors (2006)

Energetic-particle induced soft errors in on-chip cache memories have become a major challenge in designing new generation reliable microprocessors. Uniformly applying conventional protection schemes such as error correcting codes (ECC) to SRAM caches may not be practical where performance, power, and die area are highly constrained, especially for embedded systems. In this paper, we propose to analyze the lifetime behavior of the data cache to identify its temporal vulnerability. For this vulnerability analysis, we develop a new lifetime model. Based on the new lifetime model, we evaluate the effectiveness of several existing schemes in reducing the vulnerability of the data cache. Furthermore, we propose to periodically invalidate clean cache lines to reduce the probability of errors being read in by the CPU. Combined with previously proposed early writeback strategies, our schemes achieve a substantially low vulnerability in the data cache, which indicate the necessity of different protection schemes for data items during various phases in their lifetime
SENEX (1992)

SENEX is a computer program in the domain of molecular pathology. The application allows an individual to ask a sequence of questions in a single interactive session, thereby facilitating the development and testing of several hypotheses in a short period of time. Cartoon representations of molecules and molecular events enable individuals to grasp spatial and functional relationships among molecules, cellular compartments, and cell regions. Well-defined reasoning capabilities allow an individual to ask sophisticated questions and to predict novel molecular events or pathways. SENEX contains information about: 1) the molecules and the motifs that impart function to these molecules; 2) the molecular events; 3) cell-specific expression of genes, 4) disease processes. SENEX is being developed through object-oriented programming in a portable programming environment supported by COMMON LISP and the COMMON LISP INTERFACE MANAGER.
Vernalization – a cold-induced epigenetic switch (2012)

Growth and development are modulated by environmental signals in many organisms. These signals are often perceived at one stage and 'remembered' until later in development. An increasingly well-understood example of this process in plants is provided by vernalization, which refers to the acquisition of the ability to flower after prolonged exposure to cold. In Arabidopsis thaliana, vernalization involves downregulation and epigenetic silencing of the gene encoding the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). This epigenetic silencing is quantitative and increases with the duration of exposure to cold. Vernalization involves a Polycomb-based switching mechanism, with localized nucleation of silencing during periods of cold, and spreading of the silencing complex over the whole gene after the exposure to cold. A number of characteristics of vernalization have recently been elaborated on through the use of mathematical modelling. This has revealed the importance of chromatin dynamics for the switching mechanism and has shown that the quantitative nature of the process is due to cell-autonomous switching of an increasing proportion of cells. The principles derived from vernalization are likely to be widely relevant to epigenetic reprogramming in many organisms.