gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Polymer in Furfural - Vacuum Distillation Method (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Polymer in Furfural - Vacuum Distillation MethodJ. C. Hillyer and A. J. DeutschmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1948, 20, 12, 1146–1150Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60024a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (660 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Three-dimensional reconstruction using the perpendicularity constraint (2007)

This paper proposes a new method for calculating the Euclidean 3D structure of a scene using only two uncalibrated images and the basic Euclidean constraint resulting from the 3D perpendicularity. Instead of using the nonlinear self-calibration methods to estimate the intrinsic parameters, a linear search for the best values of these parameters is carried out. The criteria measuring the goodness of the intrinsic parameters' values is based on the Euclidean quality of the calculated 3D reconstruction using the 3D perpendicularity constraint. Experimental results on both simulated and real data have validated our method and have shown that the proposed method could be a better alternative to calibration-based reconstruction.
Theory of elastic wave scattering: Applications of the method of optimal truncation (1985)

The method of optimal truncation is developed and applied to a variety of rotationally symmetric defects in elastic materials. Results are presented for oblate and prolate spheroidal voids, cracks, irregularly shaped voids, and compound inclusions. Most of the examples are in the frequency domain, but samples of time-domain calculations are included. Physical interpretations of some features of the calculated amplitudes are given. Checks on accuracy of the results are emphasized and implemented.
Cascade Cockcroft–Walton Voltage Multiplier Applied to Transformerless High Step-Up DC–DC Converter (2012)

This paper proposes a high step-up dc-dc converter based on the Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier without a step-up transformer. Providing continuous input current with low ripple, high voltage ratio, and low voltage stress on the switches, diodes, and capacitors, the proposed converter is quite suitable for applying to low-input-level dc generation systems. Moreover, based on the n-stage CW voltage multiplier, the proposed converter can provide a suitable dc source for an n + 1-level multilevel inverter. In this paper, the proposed control strategy employs two independent frequencies, one of which operates at high frequency to minimize the size of the inductor while the other one operates at relatively low frequency according to the desired output voltage ripple. A 200-W laboratory prototype is built for test, and both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed converter.
A Study on User Authorization for Grid Resources (2004)

We suggest resource authorization system based on RBAC admitting someone to access resources. In existing grid environment, The authorization mechanism on user's resource is to give users an authority on the basis of DN(Distinguished Name) of proxy certificate and map file mapped in local system ID by one-to-one. In this case, it is difficulty in resource management such as each accounting management, memory resource, and disk resource, if the number of users, who want to use them is increased. To solve this problem, we specify the role of user's task in extension fields of his proxy certificate instead of the authorization mechanism of user's ID and propose resource authorization system being able to access his resource.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors: Activators of Ras superfamily proteins (1995)

Members of the Ras superfamily of proteins function as regulated GDP/GTP switches that cycle between active GTP-complexed and inactive GDP-complexed states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) stimulate formation of the GTP-bound state, whereas GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) catalyze the formation of the GDP-bound state. We describe three studies that evaluate the mechanism of action of GEFs for Ras (SOS1 and RasGRF/CDC25) or Ras-related Rho (Dbl and Vav) proteins. Growth factor-mediated activation of Ras is believed to be mediated by activation of Ras GEFs (CDC25/GRF and SOS1/2). Although the mechanisms of Ras GEF regulation are unclear, recent studies suggest that translocation of SOS1 to the plasma membrane, where Ras is located, might be responsible for Ras activation. Our observation that the addition of the Ras plasma membrane-targeting sequence to the catalytic domains of CDC25 and SOS1 greatly enhanced their transforming and transactivation activities (10-50 fold and 5-10 fold, respectively) suggests that membrane translocation alone is sufficient to potentiate GEF activation of Ras. We have determined that two Ras-related proteins, designated R-Ras and R-Ras2/TC21, can trigger the malignant transformation of NIH 3T3 cells via activation of the Ras signal transduction pathway. Furthermore, like Ras and R-Ras, we observed that TC21 GTPase activity was stimulated by Ras GAPs. However, we observed that both SOS1 and CDC25 were activators of normal TC21, but not R-Ras, transforming activities. Therefore, TC21, but not R-Ras, may be activated by the same extracellular signaling events that activate Ras proteins. Dbl family proteins are believed to function as GEFs and activators of the Ras-related Rho family of proteins. However, one Dbl family oncogene, designated Vav, has been reported to be a GEF for Ras proteins. Therefore we were interested in determining whether Dbl family oncogenes cause transformation by triggering the constitutive activation of Rho or Ras proteins. Our results suggest that Dbl oncogenes cause transformation via a Ras-independent activation of MAP kinases and Rho family proteins.
Three‐Dimensional Spectroscopic Imaging with Time‐Varying Gradients (1995)

A spectroscopic imaging sequence with a time-varying readout gradient in the slice selection direction is used to image multiple contiguous slices. For a given voxel size, the imaging time and signal-to-noise ratio of the three-dimensional spectroscopic sequence are the same as for a single slice acquisition without the oscillating readout gradient. The data reconstruction employs a gridding algorithm in two dimensions to interpolate the nonuniformly sampled data onto a Cartesian grid, and a fast Fourier transform in four dimensions: three spatial dimensions and the spectral dimension. The method is demonstrated by in vivo imaging of NAA in human brain at 1.5 T with 10 slices of 16 x 16 pixels spectroscopic images acquired in a total scan time of 17 min.
Risk factors of military training-related injuries in recruits of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces. (2003)

History of agricultural labor, history of lower limb injury, flatfoot, less running exercise before entry into the army and lower BMI were risk factors of the overuse injuries. In order to decrease the incidence of overuse injuries, the young people with good physical ability and shapely body type should be selected during conscription. During the training, nutrition should be improved so as to decrease the incidence of injuries.
CT reconstruction with extended z-range (2008)

In circular cone-beam CT the Feldkamp (FDK) algorithm is the most prominent image reconstruction algorithm. For example in radiation oncology images reconstructed with the Feldkamp algorithm are used for accurate patient positioning. The scan and reconstruction volume is limited by the size of the flat panel detector. Flat panel detectors, however, are expensive and difficult to manufacture in large size. For numerous treatment techniques, extending this scan volume would be very benecial. In most applications data from 360° or more are available. However, usually only those slices are reconstructed where each pixel is viewed under the full 360° range. Yet for a 360° scan there are regions that are viewed by less than 360°, namely those that lie further of the plane of the circular source trajectory. Performing a reconstruction also for those slices where all voxels are seen at least by 180° will extend the z-range and therefore increase the dose usage.
Face Traversal Routing on Edge Dynamic Graphs (2005)

Previous face traversal algorithms for ad-hoc routing all assume static graphs during the routing process. In this paper, we present a new face traversal algorithm that does not rely on this assumption. Specifically, we consider routing on edge dynamic graphs, which have stationary nodes and whose edges may change between being active and inactive at any time. The algorithm guarantees message delivery if there exists a sequence of connected spanning subgraphs of the routing graph, each of which is stable for a sufficiently long period of time. Moreover, the algorithm tolerates a wide array of transient faults.
Oxidative damage during aging targets mitochondrial aconitase (1997)

The mechanisms that cause aging are not well understood. The oxidative stress hypothesis proposes that the changes associated with aging are a consequence of random oxidative damage to biomolecules. We hypothesized that oxidation of specific proteins is critical in controlling the rate of the aging process. Utilizing an immunochemical probe for oxidatively modified proteins, we show that mitochondrial aconitase, an enzyme in the citric acid cycle, is a specific target during aging of the housefly. The oxidative damage detected immunochemically was paralleled by a loss of catalytic activity of aconitase, an enzyme activity that is critical in energy metabolism. Experimental manipulations which decrease aconitase activity should therefore cause a decrease in life-span. This expected decrease was observed when flies were exposed to hyperoxia, which oxidizes aconitase, and when they were given fluoroacetate, an inhibitor of aconitase. The identification of a specific target of oxidative damage during aging allows for the assessment of the physiological age of a specific individual and provides a method for the evaluation of treatments designed to affect the aging process.
Mevalonate kinase in green leaves and etiolated cotyledons of the French bean <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> (1973)

1. Partially purified preparations of mevalonate kinase were obtained from green leaves and etiolated cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris. 2. After removal of interfering polyphenols both enzyme preparations behaved identically on gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and density-gradient centrifugation. 3. The kinetic parameters of the preparations from the two sources were indistinguishable. The preparation from etiolated cotyledons had a K(m) of 4.26x10(-5)m for RS-mevalonate and 1.54x10(-3)m for ATP. The preparation from green leaves had a K(m) of 4.55x10(-5)m for RS-mevalonate and 1.75x10(-3)m for ATP. The pH optimum of both enzyme preparations was pH7.0. 4. The effect of inhibitors on the two enzyme preparations was similar, both being inhibited by reagents known to react with thiol groups, and the two preparations had similar inhibitor constants for competitive inhibition by prenyl pyrophosphates. 5. The molecular weight of the enzyme in both preparations was estimated to be 100000; the enzymes from the two preparations had similar mobilities on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.
Epithelial stem cell exhaustion in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (2010)

New paradigms have been recently proposed in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), evidencing that in IPF the cumulative action of an accelerated parenchymal senescence determined by either telomere dysfunction or genetic defects, together with the concurrent noxious activity of tobacco smoking, are able to severely compromise the regenerative potential of parenchymal epithelial stem cells, triggering a cascade of molecular signals and events (scarring, bronchiolar proliferation, abnormal remodelling) eventually leading to severe and irreversible functional impairment. New pathogenic schemes focus on the complex molecular mechanisms driving in a vicious circle the different signalling pathways (e.g. Wnt/ -catenin, TGF-beta, caveolin-1, etc.) potentially involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and irreversible lung remodelling.
Demonologia w kopalni kreowanej przez Gustawa Morcinka (2011)

[Demonology in the mines created by Gustaw Morcinek] Underground demons appeared most often in Gustaw Morcinek’s novels rather than in his monographs or articles. They were not some fantastic or stylised creations of the writer’s imagination but were most probably based on folklore tales which Morcinek not only knew very well but also explored. Scientists have never undermined the authenticity of his detailed descriptions; on the contrary, they treated them as folklore tales (not literary pieces) and cited in their own works. There are many detailed stories about underground demons in Morcinek’s writings. Many facts about Pustecki and Szarlej were noted and interpreted exclusively by the author who truly and accurately recreated miners’ tradition, beliefs and reality in his novels.
Compressing Deep Convolutional Networks Using K-means Based on Weights Distribution (2017)

For the application of deep neural networks on devices with limited hardware resources, it is necessary to reduce the computational complexity and storage requirement. Compression is an effective way to achieve this goal. One of the available method is to quantize the weights to enforce weight sharing, which can greatly reduce the parameters of each layer. This paper presents an improved k-means clustering algorithm to compress CNN (convolutional neural networks).By taking weights distribution into consideration when choosing clustering centers to quantize weights, this algorithm automatically chooses and revises centers to compress network. Compared with traditional quantification method, this algorithm can maintain accuracy and increase the compression speed at the same time. Experiments on AlexNet show that using k-means based on weights distribution to quantize the weights can improve compression speed by 5% to 10% and improve accuracy by 6% compared to traditional algorithm. This algorithm provides a better way for the application of convolutional neural networks on mobile devices.
Ferromagnetic resonance of monodisperse Co particles (2001)

Two-dimensional arrays of monodisperse nanosized Co particles are prepared on carbon and glass substrates by a magnetophoretic deposition technique from colloidal suspensions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals a complicated cubic crystalline structure of the particles and hexagonal ordering over several micrometers squared, if the colloidal suspension is dried in magnetic fields of up to 0.8 T. Angular-dependent ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of 4-, 5-, 9-, and 12-nm-diameter particles at 297 K show that the easy axis of magnetization is in plane and that only the 12 nm particles are measured below the blocking temperature estimated to be 656 K. The resonance linewidth is on the order of 0.1 T, indicating a much larger magnetic inhomogeneity of the particles than the small geometric and size distribution (&lt;10%) observed by TEM suggests. Characteristic differences of the FMR spectra for different substrates and deposition parameters are observed.
Missing traffic data: comparison of imputation methods (2013)

Many traffic management and control applications require highly complete and accurate data of traffic flow. However, because of various reasons such as sensor failure or transmission error, it is common that some traffic flow data are lost. As a result, various methods were proposed by using a wide spectrum of techniques to estimate missing traffic data in the last two decades. Generally, these missing data imputation methods can be categorised into three kinds: prediction methods, interpolation methods and statistical learning methods. To assess their performance, these methods are compared from different aspects in this paper, including reconstruction errors, statistical behaviours and running speeds. Results show that statistical learning methods are more effective than the other two kinds of imputation methods when data of a single detector is utilised. Among various methods, the probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) yields best performance in all aspects. Numerical tests demonstrate that PPCA can be used to impute data online before making further analysis (e.g. make traffic prediction) and is robust to weather changes.
Oxidation by hypochlorite converts protective HDL into a potent platelet agonist (2008)

High density lipoproteins (HDL) represent a protective factor of central importance that counteracts the development of cardiovascular disease, in part by normalizing platelet (hyper)reactivity. As HDL represent an efficient scavenger of the naturally occurring oxidant hypochlorite, this work was intended to investigate the influence of hypochlorite-oxidized HDL on platelet function. Addition of hypochlorite-oxidized HDL to human platelets results in an immediate and transient raise in intracellular calcium, surface expression of P-selectin and platelet aggregation. The observed effects are dose dependent and can be blocked by an antibody directed against the lipoprotein-binding domain of platelet thrombospondin- and scavenger receptor CD36.
Analysis of the iridals in rhizome extracts of<i>Iris variegata</i>Linn. (2004)

Fractionation of the lipid extract from rhizomes of Iris variegata Linn. resulted in the isolation of one new and four known iridals. The latter were identified by comparison with authentic standards and NMR-spectroscopic analyses as 21-hydroxyiridal 1, 21-hydroxy-10-deoxyiridal 2, 16-hydroxyiridal 3 and 22-methyl-gamma-cycloiridal 4. The (R) configuration of C21 in compound 2 was determined by the exciton chirality method. The same stereochemistry has previously been found for the appropriate moieties in 1 and 3. Based on its spectroscopic properties the new triterpenoid was shown to be the 23-hydroxyiridal 5.
Beyond Settler Colonialism (2019)

This paper offers a critical reflection on the appropriateness of ‘settler colonialism’ as an analytic category for understanding the political dynamics of early America. It argues that the paradigm’s focus on the elimination of the native obscures the resilience of Indian power, and the mechanisms by which that power was exercised and defended. The paper positions settler colonialism in recent treatments of the history of colonial political thought, and then presents diplomacy as a site of both sovereign formation and negotiation that enhanced the power of colonies as much as it preserved the power of Indian confederations. The final section of the paper suggests that the ‘interior’ sovereignty of Native Americans continued to shape the powers of the new republican order of states.
Cathodoluminescent Properties and Energy Transfer in Red Calcium Sulfide Phosphors (CaS:Eu, Mn) (1992)

Red and orange calcium sulfide phosphors (CaS:Eu and CaS:Mn) were prepared by the flux method. Eu 2+ and Mn 2+ show strong concentration quenching at 0.1 and 0.8% respectively. Use of the potassium polysulfide flux leads to efficient phosphors; their efficiency reaches 60 and 100% of Y 2 O 2 S:Eu, respectively. Calcium sulfide codoped with Eu and Mn shows a strong increase of Eu 2+ in addition to Mn 2+ emission. The colour obtained varies between red and orange depending on the concentration rates of Mn and Eu. A luminous efficiency of about 86% was reached for CaS:Eu(0.08%), Mn(0.3%). The decay characteristics of Mn 2+ in CaS:Mn, Eu show that the fast part depends on the Eu 2+ content. On the other hand, the Eu 2+ decay became slower in the presence of Mn 2+ . These observations support the resonant mechanism of the energy transfer from Mn 2+ to Eu 2+ .
Two-photon absorption as a limitation to all-optical switching (1989)

Two-photon absorption can place a fundamental limitation on waveguide all-optical switching devices. We have derived a general criterion to describe this limitation that must be satisfied by all materials. As a specific example, we have experimentally evaluated this criterion for a lead-glass fiber.
Las ciudades de señorío eclesiástico y los conflictos por el control del gobierno local (1252-1350) (2004)

Recientemente y en el marco de una rapida aproximacion de conjunto al conocimiento de las ciudades y sociedades urbanas de la Espana medieval, recordaba como las colisiones de intereses que van a producirse entre los poderosos senorios dominicales y jurisdiccionales de las mitras, en las viejas ciudades episcopales del noroeste de la Peninsula, y las colectividades vecinales, organizadas en concejos, de esas mismas ciudades por el control del gobierno local y que llegarian a alcanzar en determinados momentos y lugares niveles de gran violencia, constituyen una de las manifestaciones mas caracteristicas de la conflictividad social urbana en los siglos finales de la Edad Media'.
Lessons from the CUPM (2003)

article Lessons from the CUPM Share on Author: Henry M. Walker View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCSE BulletinVolume 35Issue 2June 2003 pp 19–21https://doi.org/10.1145/782941.782959Online:01 June 2003Publication History 0citation129DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads129Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Elevated Serum Ccl4/Mip-1β Levels in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Patients Are Linked with Disease Severity (2018)

Serum CCL4 is a potential biomarker to evaluate disease severity in PMOP females.
Wawenets: A No-Reference Convolutional Waveform-Based Approach to Estimating Narrowband and Wideband Speech Quality (2020)

Building on prior work we have developed a no-reference (NR) waveform-based convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that can accurately estimate speech quality or intelligibility of narrowband and wideband speech segments. These Wideband Audio Waveform Evaluation Networks, or WAWEnets, achieve very high per-speech-segment correlation (ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">seg</sub> ≥ 0.92, RMSE ≤ 0.38) to established full-reference quality and intelligibility estimators (PESQ, POLQA, PEMO, STOI) based on over 17 hours of speech from 127 previously unseen talkers speaking in 13 different languages; just 10% of our total data. NR correlations at this level across such a broad scope are unprecedented. This achievement was made possible by using full-reference estimates as training targets so that WAWEnets could learn implicit undistorted speech models and exploit them to produce accurate NR estimates.