gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes made by ligand-induced permselectivation (2018)

Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes are emerging as a promising energy-efficient separation technology. However, their reliable and scalable manufacturing remains a challenge. We demonstrate the fabrication of ZIF nanocomposite membranes by means of an all-vapor-phase processing method based on atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO in a porous support followed by ligand-vapor treatment. After ALD, the obtained nanocomposite exhibits low flux and is not selective, whereas after ligand-vapor (2-methylimidazole) treatment, it is partially transformed to ZIF and shows stable performance with high mixture separation factor for propylene over propane (an energy-intensive high-volume separation) and high propylene flux. Membrane synthesis through ligand-induced permselectivation of a nonselective and impermeable deposit is shown to be simple and highly reproducible and holds promise for scalability.
The Research Center for Nuclear Physics Ring Cyclotron (2002)

The main components of the new facility are a six sector variable energy ring cyclotron and a beam circulation ring linked to a high precision dual magnetic spectrograph system, a neutron TOF facility with a 100 m neutron flight tunnel and a heavy ion secondary-beam facility. The beams extracted from the RCNP AVF cyclotron are transported through one of the beam lines of the old facility and injected into the ring cyclotron. With this accelerator system, beams of p, d, /sup 3/He, alpha and light-heavy ions are available in the wide range of energies up to 400, 200, 510, 400 and 400 Q/sup 2A MeV, respectively. An emphasis is placed on the production of high quality beams to enable precise experiments. These beams are extracted with single turn extraction mode with flat-topping. A beam energy width of 80 keV was achieved for 300 MeV protons. An energy resolution of 25 keV and 35 keV were obtained with the high resolution spectrograph Grand Raiden by using dispersion matching for 300 MeV and 400 MeV proton inelastic scattering spectra, respectively. A very short polarized proton beam pulse of 150 ps was achieved for a neutron TOF experiment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal-wave radar: A novel subsurface imaging modality with extended depth-resolution dynamic range (2009)

Combining the ideas behind linear frequency modulated continuous wave radars and frequency domain photothermal radiometry (PTR), a novel PTR method is introduced. Analytical solutions to the heat diffusion problem for both opaque and transparent solids are provided. Simulations and experimental results suggest a significant improvement in the dynamic range when using the thermal-wave radar (TWR) instead of conventional PTR. A practical TWR image resolution augmentation method is proposed.
Distillation and Isolation of Commodity Chemicals from Bio-Oil Made by Tail-Gas Reactive Pyrolysis (2014)

Owing to instabilities, very little has been accomplished with regard to simple cost-effective separations of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. However, recent developments in the use of tail-gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP) (Mullen, C. A.; Boateng, A. A.; Goldberg, N. M. Energy Fuels 2013.) provide higher quality bio-oils that are thermally stable. We used fractional distillation to isolate compounds from bio-oil produced by TGRP. All bio-oils produced from TGRP contained significantly less acid (0.2–4% total), trace amounts of aldehydes, and significantly higher concentrations of hydrocarbons and phenolics (5–20% each). One TGRP bio-oil rich in naphthalenes yielded the greatest mass of distillates (close to 65%). Using atmospheric distillation alone, we recovered the most distillates from another phenol-rich TGRP oil. Compared to traditional bio-oils, distillation of TGRP oils yielded three times more organic compounds; the yield improvement increases to a factor of 10 when the contribution of acetic acid is removed from consideration. Greater deficiencies in distillation yield occur with higher acids content (4 wt % acid). We categorized distillates according to boiling temperature and chemical components: benzene–toluene–xylenes (BTX), styrene, indene, pyridine, phenols, naphthalenes, acetic acid, and fluorene/anthracene. The relatively narrow product distributions allowed for the isolation of pure naphthalene by recrystallization from a naphthalene-rich fraction. Thermodynamic computation of the TGRP distillation profiles correctly predicted the experimental results, except when acid content equaled 4 wt %. The quality of the TGRP bio-oils allows for insertion into existing refineries, as well as the required Modeling and scale-up.
Time resolved O<sub>2</sub>(b $^1\Sigma^+_g$) rotational temperature measurements in a low-pressure oxygen pulsed discharge. Simple and quick method for temperature determination (1999)

This paper deals with a simple and quick method for the determination of rotational temperature from a low-resolved (0-0) A-band of the atmospheric system O2 (b (X . A classical comparison method of simulated and measured spectra was used to determine the temperature of the pulsed oxygen discharge and of the time afterglow at pressures in the range 0.5-3 Torr. The proposed new method has been used to determine the temperature in a late time afterglow.
Routine α-Amylase Assay Using Protected 4-Nitrophenyl-1,4-α-d-maltoheptaoside and a Novel α-Glucosidase (2000)

The procedure is a robust adaptation of the reference method to routine use at 37 degrees C with increased sensitivity, fewer interferences, and reduced cost.
Scalable connection-based flow control scheme for application-specific network-on-chip (2011)

在这份报纸，一个可伸缩的基于连接的流动控制计划为应用相关的 network-on-chip (NoC ) 被建议。建议计划利用 NoC，也就是交通的可预测性和丰富的电线资源的二个特殊特征，到完成重要表演改进。首先，爆炸注射数据被调整进经常的数据溪流，一个基于连接的方法被用来保证所有连接没在任何时间被过载。因而，在网络的包的数字被减少，导致减少的拥挤可能性并且改进了通讯性能。第二，中央控制器的简单体系结构被建议保证建议计划有小区域开销并且是可伸缩的。模拟结果证明与传统的 switch-to-switch (圣) 相比，流动控制计划和分配前基于流动控制计划，建议计划极大地增加产量并且与合理区域和精力开销砍倒平均潜伏。
RF and microwave phase shifter using complementarybias techniques (2001)

A novel method for the design of an RF phase shifter using a standard foundry process is described. This phase shift achieves very low and near-constant insertion loss. The proposed method uses ‘complementary’ control techniques to keep variable parasitic resistance in a standard transistor to minimum. Using an only single stage reflection configuration which employs N varactor diodes as a reflection terminator and M varactor diodes, a minimum insertion loss variation can be obtained. The technique is verified by measurement when N = M = 1.
KATE: K-Competitive Autoencoder for Text (2017)

Autoencoders have been successful in learning meaningful representations from image datasets. However, their performance on text datasets has not been widely studied. Traditional autoencoders tend to learn possibly trivial representations of text documents due to their confounding properties such as high-dimensionality, sparsity and power-law word distributions. In this paper, we propose a novel k-competitive autoencoder, called KATE, for text documents. Due to the competition between the neurons in the hidden layer, each neuron becomes specialized in recognizing specific data patterns, and overall the model can learn meaningful representations of textual data. A comprehensive set of experiments show that KATE can learn better representations than traditional autoencoders including denoising, contractive, variational, and k-sparse autoencoders. Our model also outperforms deep generative models, probabilistic topic models, and even word representation models (e.g., Word2Vec) in terms of several downstream tasks such as document classification, regression, and retrieval.
A Highly Stereoselective Aza-[3,3]-Claisen Rearrangement of Vinylaziridines as a Novel Entry to Seven-Membered Lactams (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Highly Stereoselective Aza-[3,3]-Claisen Rearrangement of Vinylaziridines as a Novel Entry to Seven-Membered LactamsUlf M. Lindström and Peter SomfaiView Author Information Organic Chemistry 2, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 35, 8385–8386Publication Date (Web):September 3, 1997Publication History Received15 May 1997Published online3 September 1997Published inissue 1 September 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja971572vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja971572vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views728Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Enolates,Materials,Rearrangement,Transition states Get e-Alerts
Join index, materialized view, and hybrid-hash join: a performance analysis (2002)

The problem of efficiently computing a joint between two base relations in the presence of queries and updates to the base relations is dealt with. A performance analysis of three methods: join index, materialized view, and hybrid-hash join, is presented. The first two methods are examples of a strategy based on data caching; they represent two ends of a spectrum of possibilities depending on the attributes projected in the materialization. The third method is an example of a conventional strategy for computing a join from base relations. The results of this study show that the method of choice depends on the environment, and in particular on the update activity on base relations, the join selectivity, and the amount of main memory available. A by-product of this study is a strategy for incrementally maintaining a join index in the presence of updates to the underlying base relations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CLAMP – a toolkit for efficiently building customized clinical natural language processing pipelines (2017)

Existing general clinical natural language processing (NLP) systems such as MetaMap and Clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System have been successfully applied to information extraction from clinical text. However, end users often have to customize existing systems for their individual tasks, which can require substantial NLP skills. Here we present CLAMP (Clinical Language Annotation, Modeling, and Processing), a newly developed clinical NLP toolkit that provides not only state-of-the-art NLP components, but also a user-friendly graphic user interface that can help users quickly build customized NLP pipelines for their individual applications. Our evaluation shows that the CLAMP default pipeline achieved good performance on named entity recognition and concept encoding. We also demonstrate the efficiency of the CLAMP graphic user interface in building customized, high-performance NLP pipelines with 2 use cases, extracting smoking status and lab test values. CLAMP is publicly available for research use, and we believe it is a unique asset for the clinical NLP community.
VRU Pose-SSD: Multiperson Pose Estimation For Automated Driving (2021)

We present a fast and efficient approach for joint person detection and pose estimation optimized for automated driving (AD) in urban scenarios. We use a multitask weight sharing architecture to jointly train detection and pose estimation. This modular architecture allows us to accommodate different downstream tasks in the future. By systematic large-scale experiments on the Tsinghua-Daimler Urban Pose Dataset (TDUP), we obtain multiple models with varying accuracy-speed trade-offs. We then quantize and optimize our network for deployment and present a detailed analysis of the efficacy of the algorithm. We introduce a two-stage evaluation strategy, which is more suitable for AD and achieve a significant performance improvement in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches. Our optimized model runs at 52~fps on full HD images and still reaches a competitive performance of 32.25~LAMR. We are confident that our work serves as an enabler to tackle higher-level tasks like VRU intention estimation and gesture recognition, which rely on stable pose estimates and will play a crucial role in future AD systems.
Autoantigen recognition by thyroid-infiltrating T cells in Graves disease. (1991)

Graves disease is a common form of human autoimmune thyroiditis. It shares many pathological features and HLA associations with other, less easily studied, organ-specific autoimmune conditions such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and hence it is also a useful model for understanding these other diseases. We have previously shown that thyroid-infiltrating T cells in Graves disease that have been recently activated in vivo specifically recognize autologous thyroid epithelial cells. However, the autoantigens involved were not defined. In this study, we have made use of antigen-independent T-cell cloning techniques to show that at least three different thyroid antigens, three different epitopes on a single antigen, and two HLA class II elements are involved in this recognition process in a single individual. This demonstrates that T cells that are present and activated at the site of a human autoimmune disease may show considerable heterogeneity in their recognition of autoantigen on the target tissue. This contrasts with the limited heterogeneity recently reported in some animal models and has potentially important implications for both our understanding of the autoimmune process in humans and the design of immunotherapies to reverse it.
Design of post-assembly magnetization system of line start permanent-magnet motors using FEM (2005)

In this paper, we propose a design procedure and methods for designing the post-assembly magnetization system of a three-phase line start permanent-magnet motor (LSPM). According to the design procedure and the design methods, the post-assembly magnetization system is designed and manufactured. From the experimental results, we verify that the permanent magnet of LSPM is successfully magnetized.
An Introduction to Color (1948)

An introduction to color , An introduction to color , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Investigation of the photoinduced electron injection processes for p-type triphenylamine-sensitized solar cells (2011)

We have carried out theoretical investigation aiming at modelling the assessment of mechanisms of photoinduced processes in a recent p-type organic metal-free dye derived from the triphenylamine (P-1) structure. In the P-1 system, one uses the triphenylamine moiety as the electron donor, malononitrile as the electron acceptor, and a thiophene that plays the role of the conjugated chain. Basically, the difference between the P-1 dye and the common organic dyes used in the n-type DSSC field is the anchoring group located on the electron donor group. In a first step, DFT and TDDFT approaches have been exploited to calculate the key parameters controlling both the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and hole transfer rate constants in the Gurney-Gerischer-Marcus (GGM) formalism, for either a solvent-controlled adiabatic or a nonadiabatic electron transfer. These are: (i) the electronic coupling; (ii) the reorganization energies; and (iii) the variation of the Gibbs energy. The gathered results are in agreement with the experimental trends. (i) The vertical ICT excited states energy has been calculated at 2.67 eV, in perfect line with the experiment (2.65 eV). (ii) Two mechanisms can be conceived for the hole transfer and regeneration process. The first deals with the reduction of dye molecule at the excited state followed by an electron transfer from the reduced dye to the oxidized regenerator. The second implies a redox reaction between the excited dye and the oxidized regenerator, followed by an electron transfer from the cathode to the oxidized dye. (iii) Our theoretical investigation suggests that the first mechanism is dominant. Secondly, we propose structural modifications improving the TPA-based DSSCs hole transfer efficiency and we show that an additional –CN graft on the malononitrile unit combined to the functionalisation of the TPA moieties by –OMe groups (to give P-1b) should significantly improve the key parameters related to the electron injection. Indeed, for P-1b, we have noticed an increase of both the RLHE factor (0.907) and the injection driving force (−0.33 eV). This dye is therefore expected to be a very promising molecule in the p-type DSSC field.
In vivo release of beta human chorionic gonadotropin by luteinizing hormone releasing hormone stimulation and its clinical application as a remission criterion in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (1988)

In vivo responses of trophoblasts to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation in 48 gestational trophoblastic disease patients were observed. Serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) levels after LHRH injection were significantly increased in patients with hCG values between 5 and 20 mIU/ml (minimal resistance group) but not in patients whose hCG levels were less than 5 mIU/ml (possible remission group). The sensitivity, specificity and the predictive values of LHRH stimulation test were 75.0, 91.3 and 95.5% in the possible remission group and 87.5, 20.0 and 77.8% in the minimal resistance group.
3-dimensional activation sequence reconstruction from body surface potential maps by means of a heart-model-based imaging approach (2005)

In the present study, a heart-model-based imaging approach was applied to the rabbit heart, and 3-D cardiac activation sequences were estimated noninvasively from body surface potential maps during in vivo ventricular pacing from different sites. The estimated activation sequences exhibited earliest sites of cardiac activation and patterns of activation that were consistent with those constructed from 3-D activation sequences obtained from simultaneously recorded bipolar electrogram data (from nearly 160 intramural recording sites). The relative errors between the imaged and measured activation sequences were 0.291/spl plusmn/0.009 for the cases studied. The present study suggests that the heart-model-based imaging approach represents an important alternative for noninvasive imaging of cardiac activation that could be useful for basic cardiovascular research and for the diagnosis and management of cardiac diseases.
The Damping and Dynamic Moduli of Symmetric Laminated Composite Beams—Theoretical and Experimental Results (1984)

A method for predicting the dynamic properties of laminated composite beams has been developed in this work.
Murlet: a practical multiple alignment tool for structural RNA sequences (2007)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effectiveness and Limitations of Statistical Spam Filters (2009)

In this paper we discuss the techniques involved in the design of the famous statistical spam filters that include Naive Bayes, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Bayes Additive Regression Tree. We compare these techniques with each other in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, etc. Further, we discuss the effectiveness and limitations of statistical filters in filtering out various types of spam from legitimate e-mails.
Application of the Reetz Reagent, Dichlorodimethyltitanium, to Develop Sterically Congested Quaternary Centers. The Synthesis of Herbertene (1998)

A general protocol for conversion of a tetrasubstituted alkene to a highly methylated hydrocarbon is tested with a concise synthesis of the natural product, herbertene. The conversion: alkene ® 1,2-diol ® 1,2-dimethylated hydrocarbon should find application in a number of synthesis designs.
The Design of Low Vibration Doubly Salient Motors (1999)

Structural Finite Element Analysis is used to investigate potential improvements in the design of low vibration, doubly salient switched reluctance motors (SRMs). The natural modes of vibration of a 4-pole round-stator are examined. The dynamic response of the machine stator when electromagnetic forces are applied at the stator poles is fully examined in this paper. The 4-pole, round-stator SRM is compared with a common square-stator motor as well as a novel square-stator structure, in which the poles are positioned at the square corners. Other machine design cues aimed at reducing vibration, such as the addition of pole fillets and the choice of suitable back iron width, are investigated.
Acute Toxicity of the Antifouling Compound Butenolide in Non-Target Organisms (2011)

Butenolide [5-octylfuran-2(5H)-one] is a recently discovered and very promising anti-marine-fouling compound. In this study, the acute toxicity of butenolide was assessed in several non-target organisms, including micro algae, crustaceans, and fish. Results were compared with previously reported results on the effective concentrations used on fouling (target) organisms. According to OECD's guideline, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was 0.168 µg l(-1), which was among one of the highest in representative new biocides. Mechanistically, the phenotype of butenolide-treated Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos was similar to the phenotype of the pro-caspase-3 over-expression mutant with pericardial edema, small eyes, small brains, and increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the bodies of zebrafish embryos. Butenolide also induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), Bcl-2 family proteins, and caspases and proteasomes/lysosomes involved in this process. This is the first detailed toxicity and toxicology study on this antifouling compound.
Face Recognition Based on Multiple Region Features (2003)

Abstract. For face recognition, face feature selection is an important step. Better features should result in better performance. This paper describes a robust face recognition algorithm using multiple face region features selected by the AdaBoost algorithm. In conventional face recognition algorithms, the face region is dealt with as a whole. In this paper we show that dividing a face into a number of sub-regions can improve face recognition performance. We use conventional AdaBoost with a weak learner based on multiple region orthogonal component principal component analysis (OCPCA) features. The regions are selected areas of the face (such as eye, mouth, nose etc.). The AdaBoost algorithm generates a strong classifier from the combination of these region features. Experiments have been done to evaluate the performance on the CMU Pose Illumination Expression (PIE) databases. Performance comparisons between single region OCPCA, our multiple region OCPCA, and published results from Visionics ’ FaceIt are given. Significant performance improvement is demonstrated using multiple facial region OCPCA features. Keywords: face recognition, multiple region features, AdaBoost, Orthogonal Component PCA. 1