gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Nylon-6 Composites (2004)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/nylon-6 (PA6) nanocomposites with different MWNTs loadings have been prepared by the simple melt-compounding approach. A fine and homogeneous dispersion of MWNTs throughout PA6 matrix is observed by transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy observation on the fracture surfaces of the composites shows not only a uniform dispersion of MWNTs but also a strong interfacial adhesion with the matrix, as evidenced by the presence of many broken but strongly embedded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the matrix and by the absence of debonding of CNTs from the matrix. Beadlike morphology is also observed along the stretched CNTs and their bundles, probably indicating the anchoring locations of the CNTs defects (within the beads) along the tubes where the PA6 matrix has strong interfacial interactions with the CNTs, thus being favorable to stress transfer from polymer to CNTs. Mechanical testing (by tensile and nanoindentation tests as well as dynamic mechanical analysis) shows that, compared with neat PA6, the elastic modulus and the yield strength of the composite are greatly improved by about 214% and 162%, respectively, with incorporating only 2 wt % MWNTs. In addition, a unique crystallization and melting behavior of MWNTs/PA6 composites are observed and discussed by combining differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction; that is, only the α-form crystals are observed in MWNTs/PA6 composites, which is quite different from the case observed in PA6/clay nanocomposites.
High Performance BICS Design for I<inf>DDQ</inf> Testing Application (2007)

Quiescent supply current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DDQ</sub> ) testing is a useful test method for CMOS circuit and can be combined with functional testing to reduce total test time and increase reliability. This paper designed a high-performance built-in current sensor (HP-BICS) for Iddq testing applications. The proposed HP-BICS can attain small detection time and low power dissipation for ensuring the reliability and reducing the impact of the circuit under test (CUT) during testing. Simulation results show that the proposed HP-BICS has a much performance improvement compared with the previous works.
Flash in a DBMS: Where and How? (2010)

Over the past decade, new solid state storage technologies, with flash being the most mature one, have become increasingly popular. Such technologies store data durably, and can alleviate many handicaps of hard disk drives (HDDs). Nonetheless, they have very different characteristics compared to HDDs, making it challenging to integrate such technologies into data intensive systems, such as database management systems (DBMS), that rely heavily on underlying storage behaviors. In this paper, we ask the question: Where and how will flash be exploited in a DBMS? We describe techniques for making effective use of flash in three contexts: (i) as a log device for transaction processing on memory-resident data, (ii) as the main data store for transaction processing, and (iii) as an update cache for HDD-resident data warehouses.
Robotic Vacuum Cleaner Using Arduino with Wifi (2018)

In last few years, robotic cleaners have taken major attention in robotics research due to their effectiveness to helping humans or cleaning applications at various areas in society. Generally, robotic cleaners are differentiating on their cleaning expertise. Some products are based on obstacle avoidance using infrared sensors while some uses laser mapping technique. Every cleaning mechanism of robotic cleaners has its own pros and cons. Robots uses laser mapping are relatively faster, less time consuming and energy efficient but costly, while obstacle avoidance based robots are relatively time consuming and less energy efficient due to random cleaning but less costly. The prime objective of this work is to provide a substantial solution to the problem of manufacturing robotic cleaner utilizing local resources while keeping.
Heteroannulation of Nitroketene <i>N,S</i>-Arylaminoacetals with POCl<sub>3</sub>:  A Novel Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 2,3-Substituted Quinoxalines (2005)

[reaction: see text]. A novel regioselective route for the synthesis of substituted and fused 3-chloro-2-(methylthio)quinoxalines through POCl3-mediated heteroannulation of a range of alpha-nitroketene N,S-anilinoacetals has been reported.
Bone marrow culture and transduction of stem cells in a miniature swine model. (1994)

Recombinant retroviral vectors, engineered to express the beta-chain gene of swine major histocompatibility complex class II DR, were developed for the genetic modification of swine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The expression of these vectors in swine bone marrow has been studied both in culture and after bone marrow transplantation. In addition, myeloid progenitor colony assays were performed on swine umbilical cord blood as part of a study to identify alternative sources of HSC for somatic gene transfer, revealing the presence of both granulocyte macrophage colony forming-units (CFU-GM) and CFU-Mix at frequencies comparable to those found in juvenile swine bone marrow.
<i>Os8N3</i> is a host disease-susceptibility gene for bacterial blight of rice (2006)

Many bacterial diseases of plants depend on the interaction of type III effector genes of the pathogen and disease-susceptibility genes of the host. The host susceptibility genes are largely unknown. Here, we show that expression of the rice gene Os8N3, a member of the MtN3 gene family from plants and animals, is elevated upon infection by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain PXO99(A) and depends on the type III effector gene pthXo1. Os8N3 resides near xa13, and PXO99(A) failed to induce Os8N3 in rice lines with xa13. Silencing of Os8N3 by inhibitory RNA produced plants that were resistant to infection by strain PXO99(A) yet remained susceptible to other strains of the pathogen. The effector gene avrXa7 from strain PXO86 enabled PXO99(A) compatibility on either xa13- or Os8N3-silenced plants. The findings indicate that Os8N3 is a host susceptibility gene for bacterial blight targeted by the type III effector PthXo1. The results support the hypothesis that X. oryzae pv. oryzae commandeers the regulation of otherwise developmentally regulated host genes to induce a state of disease susceptibility. Furthermore, the results support a model in which the pathogen induces disease susceptibility in a gene-for-gene manner.
Cost utility of drugs for multiple sclerosis (2000)

Editor—We were disappointed that Forbes et al's population based cost utility study of interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis was not placed in the context of a systematic review of relevant published work.1 We recently completed such a review of the effectiveness, costs, and utility of a range of disease modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis for the health technology assessment programme. As part of this, we searched various electronic databases for published studies of the cost utility of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness and NHS Economic Evaluations Database, Medline (Silverplatter), PubMed, Embase, and National Research Register (for the period 1980 to July 1999 and limited to English language studies). In addition, we contacted experts in the field.

In addition to Forbes et al's study, we identified three further studies: one of beta interferons (1a and 1b) in both relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive sclerosis2 and two further studies of interferon in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.3,4

The table shows a summary of the results of the review. The studies in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis are based on the same trial (n=718) but use different cost utility methodologies. Forbes et al's conclusion that the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) was very high (£1 024 667) owing to the high drug cost and modest clinical effect concurs with the previous study's estimate of £874 600 per QALY. The studies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis also use the results of the existing randomised controlled trials in conjunction with various sources of cost data, quality of life measures, and different degrees of decision analytic modelling. Results show that the cost per QALY per relapse avoided is high in all studies. 

These cost utility studies were critically appraised by using standard criteria for decision analysis and economic evaluations. Although all used explicit and sensible processes to identify, select, and combine the evidence into probabilities, and to obtain utilities and costs, with uncertainties being addressed by sensitivity analyses, none of them provide a full economic comparison of all possible healthcare strategies. The conclusion of Forbes et al that “far more benefit would be obtained from directing funds into improved supportive care,” though plausible, is not supported by the evidence presented. Further economic evaluations of a wider range of possible interventions, such as improved supportive care, are needed so that limited resources can be used effectively.
Signaling by ephrinB1 and Eph kinases in platelets promotes Rap1 activation, platelet adhesion, and aggregation via effector pathways that do not require phosphorylation of ephrinB1 (2003)

We have previously shown that platelets express 2 receptor tyrosine kinases, EphA4 and EphB1, and the Eph kinase ligand, ephrinB1, and proposed that transcellular Eph/ephrin interactions made possible by the onset of platelet aggregation promote the further growth and stability of the hemostatic plug. The present study examines how this might occur. The results show that clustering of either ephrinB1 or EphA4 causes platelets to adhere to immobilized fibrinogen via alpha(IIb)beta(3). Adhesion occurs more slowly than with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and requires phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase and protein kinase C activity but not ephrinB1 phosphorylation. By itself, Eph and ephrin signaling is insufficient to cause aggregation or the binding of soluble fibrinogen, but it can potentiate aggregation initiated by a Ca(++) ionophore or by agonists for thrombin and thromboxane receptors. It also enhances Rap1 activation without requiring ADP secretion, ephrinB1 phosphorylation, or the activation of PI3-kinase and Src. From this we conclude that (1) Eph/ephrin signaling enhances the ability of platelet agonists to cause aggregation provided that those agonists can increase cytosolic Ca(++); (2) this is accomplished in part by activating Rap1; and (3) these effects require oligomerization of ephrinB1 but not phosphotyrosine-based interactions with the ephrinB1 cytoplasmic domain.
Submicron Patterning of Iron Nanoparticle Monolayers for Carbon Nanotube Growth (2004)

We describe a method to reliably pattern monolayers of iron nanoparticle (FeNP) colloids into submicron features for growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by chemical vapor deposition. Our process results in very clean patterns that are readily imaged by atomic force microscopy, which has allowed the observation of nanoparticle size evolution before and after high-temperature nanotube growth. For our growth conditions, SWNTs grew only from nanoparticles smaller than ∼5 nm high. At the high growth temperature of 850 °C, nanoparticle sintering was clearly evident and had important effects on nanotube yield from the FeNP catalyst. The nanoparticle sintering and growth are drastically accelerated by brief reduction in H2, resulting in nanoparticles that were too large to catalyze SWNT growth. The results suggest that if ultimate control over SWNT diameters is to be achieved from patterned nanoparticle catalysts, it will be critical to control nanoparticle aggregation and sintering during SNWT growth.
Engraftment of Ex Vivo-Expanded Cord Blood Cells in NOD/SCID Mice: What Is the Clinical Relevance? (1999)

To the Editor:

In a recent article by Guenechea et al,[1][1] they describe the engraftment of NOD/SCID mice with ex vivo-expanded CD34+ cord blood (CB) cells. In this report, they demonstrate that no changes in the long-term repopulation of NOD/SCID are produced after the transplantation of ex vivo
Feasibility for estimation of single tree characteristics using laser scanner (2002)

The most advanced laser scanners and intelligent algorithms today are capable to detect single trees. In boreal forest zone, significant amount of laser pulses reflect directly from the ground due to gaps in the canopy layer. The use of high-pulse-rate laser scanners allows detailed investigation of forest areas and the creation of a 3-dimensional tree height model. By extracting the height, location, tree species and crown dimension of the trees from the 3-dimensional tree height model obtained from laser scanner data, important tree attributes, such as stem volume, basal area, and age, can be estimated for single trees. By knowing the characteristics of single trees, forest characteristics for sample plots, stands and larger areas, such as stem volume per hectare [m/sup 3//ha], basal area per hectare [m/sup 2//ha], mean height, dominant height, mean age, number of stems [pc/ha] and development class, can be calculated. The automatic extraction of crown dimensions from 3-dimensional tree height models is based on segmentation. This paper describes the method in detail and gives the first indication of the performance of the novel developed method. The following standard errors were obtained for mean height, basal area and stem volume at stand level: 2.3 m (13.6%), 1.9 m/sup 2//ha (9.6%), and 16.5 m/sup 3//ha (9.5%), respectively, even without using the full power of the described method. The accuracy was better than the accuracy of conventional standwise field inventory.
A response time-driven server selection substrate for application replica hosting systems (2006)

This paper presents a server selection approach that relies on a response time estimator and a scalable monitoring infrastructure that provides the utilization measures for replica server hosts. The big challenge rises from the difficulty to capture, both accurately and efficiently, the dynamic state of the hosts and network resources in a large-scale replication context. The monitoring infrastructure can be tuned such as to minimize the network traffic while maintaining the estimation accuracy high.
CD25+ Immunoregulatory CD4 T Cells Mediate Acquired Central Transplantation Tolerance (2003)

Transplantation tolerance is induced reliably in experimental animals following intrathymic inoculation with the relevant donor strain Ags; however, the immunological mechanisms responsible for the induction and maintenance of the tolerant state remain unknown. We investigated these mechanisms using TCR transgenic mice (TS1) that carry T cells specific for an immunodominant, MHC class II-restricted peptide (S1) of the influenza PR8 hemagglutinin (HA) molecule. We demonstrated that TS1 mice reject skin grafts that have transgene-encoded HA molecules (HA104) as their sole antigenic disparity and that intrathymic but not i.v. inoculation of TS1 mice with S1 peptide induces tolerance to HA-expressing skin grafts. Intrathymic peptide inoculation was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in T cells bearing high levels of TCR specific for HA. However, this reduction was both incomplete and transient, with a full recovery of S1-specific thymocytes by 4 wk. Peptide inoculation into the thymus also resulted in the generation of immunoregulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+) that migrated to the peripheral lymphoid organs. Adoptive transfer experiments using FACS sorted CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25+ T cells from tolerant mice revealed that the former but not the latter maintain the capacity to induce rejection of HA bearing skin allografts in syngeneic hosts. Our results suggest that both clonal frequency reduction in the thymus and immunoregulatory T cells exported from the thymus are critical to transplantation tolerance induced by intrathymic Ag inoculation.
Human subject investigation of MIRE microphone location during insertion loss testing of Active Noise Reduction hearing protectors in active and passive modes (2009)

The Microphone in Real Ear or MIRE protocol, standardized as ANSI S12.42-1995, does not specify a standardized location for measurement microphone placement in the human ear. Prior research is mixed as to the potential benefits and/or shortcomings of placing the measurement microphone outside versus inside the ear canal. This study captured and compared spectral attenuation data at three different microphone locations: in the concha of the outer ear, in the ear canal-shallow, and in the ear canal-deep (with a probe tube microphone positioned near the tympanic membrane), using human test participants across five active noise reduction (ANR) headphones of differing design. ANR headphones were used because this paper is an excerpt of a larger research effort designed to assess attenuation measurement methods and instrumentation. Research goals were to determine whether spectral sound pressure levels (SPL) differed significantly at the three microphone locations tested and whether any changes in frequency significantly affected SPL measured at each location; the results showed small, but statistically significant differences between microphone locations, but with frequency-specificity. The results provide assistance to practitioners in determining where to place measurement microphones to best suit their particular needs when using MIRE for hearing protector attenuation testing.
Transgenerational Inheritance of Glucose Intolerance in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Overnutrition (2010)

Epidemiological and clinical data show that rapid weight gain early in life is strongly associated with several components of the metabolic syndrome. Strikingly, abnormal growth rates in early life can additionally influence diabetes risk in subsequent generations. Here we aim to study whether neonatal overgrowth induces diabetes in offspring and grand-offspring of affected individuals using a mouse model of neonatal overfeeding. We induced neonatal overgrowth (ON-F0) by culling offspring to four pups per dam during lactation. By age 4 months, ON-F0 mice developed many features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. We then studied whether male offspring (ON-F1) and grand-offspring (ON-F2) of ON-F0 male mice, which were not overfed during lactation, developed features of the metabolic syndrome with aging. ON-F1 mice developed fed and fasting hyperinsulimemia, hypertryglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance, but not obesity, by age 4 months. In contrast, ON-F2 male mice showed a more moderate phenotype and only developed fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by age 4 months. Impaired glucose tolerance in ON-F1 and ON-F2 mice appeared to be accounted for primarily by peripheral insulin resistance, because beta-cell function remained normal or even increased in these cohorts. Nutritional challenges occurring during sensitive periods of development may have adverse metabolic consequences well beyond the lifespan of affected individuals and manifest in subsequent generations. Transgenerational progression of metabolic phenotypes through the male lineage supports a potential role for epigenetic mechanisms in mediating these effects.
Global objectives for standard cell placement (2001)

Recursive bisection based placement is well known, and recent advances in partitioning have made the approach more attractive. While partitioners can optimize a placement from a local perspective, high performance design requires consideration of global issues as well. We focus on aspects of the placement problem which cannot be captured with bisection, addressing them through a new approach derived from recent work on k-way partitioning. We consider large values of k, and objective functions which are more complex than the traditional min-cut. Our placement tool, Feng Shui, integrates this new k-way partitioning method into a traditional recursive bisection framework. Experimental results show the effect of the approach; there is reduced variation in solution quality, in 8 of 11 benchmarks best case wire length is improved, and for 9 of 11 benchmarks, average wire length is improved. These improvements are obtained with negligible impact to total run time. 1.
Factored orthogonal transformations for recursive eigendecomposition (1997)

Factorizations of orthogonal matrices play an important role in modern digital signal processing. Here we focus on their usefulness in the field of recursive eigendecomposition methods. We concentrate on recursive algorithms which use Givens rotations to update the eigenvector matrix. The orthogonality of the estimated eigenvector matrix is known to be crucial for the numerical stability of the recursive algorithms. It is shown that this property can be enforced by decomposing the orthogonal matrix into a sequence of simple plane rotations. Then a rotation method for updating the plane rotations is developed. This method has the advantage that loss of numerical accuracy is avoided while retaining the inherent parallel structure of the algorithm. Moreover, it consists solely of rotation operations. Therefore, the new method is ideally suited for execution on parallel architectures which have dedicated rotation nodes, such as a CORDIC processor.
Secure data collection in constrained tree-based Smart Grid environments (2014)

To facilitate more efficient control, massive amounts of sensors or measurement devices will be deployed in the Smart Grid. Data collection then becomes non-trivial. In this paper, we study the scenario where a data collector is responsible for collecting data from multiple measurement devices, but only some of them can communicate with the data collector directly. Others have to rely on other devices to relay the data. We first develop a communication protocol so that the data reported by each device is protected again honest-but-curious data collector and devices. To reduce the time to collect data from all devices within a certain security level, we formulate our approach as an integer linear programming problem. As the problem is NP-hard, obtaining the optimal solution in a large network is not very feasible. We thus develop an approximation algorithm to solve the problem. We test the performance of our algorithm using real topologies. The results show that our algorithm successfully identifies good solutions within reasonable amount of time.