gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical power system stability assurance for the International Space Station (2002)

The International Space Station (ISS) adopted a direct-current (DC) electrical power system (EPS). Switching mode DC power converters are playing a major role in power conversion, conditioning, and control. The stability of a switching mode converter has long been studied due to its negative input impedance at low frequencies. Integrated EPS stability will be assured by computer modeling, simulation, and analysis with one of the most advanced and accurate techniques developed academically. The impedance separation criteria and minimum phase margin criteria are used to check the entire system and individual load stability, in addition to the other requirements defined in the power quality specification. The modeling/simulation and testing are to be accomplished both at the individual load and element level. For modeling, the EPCE (electrical power consuming equipment) input filter model with a constant power load is used first for each EPCE for the system-level analysis; it is then replaced by the averaged Vorperian/Ridley model, when available, to finalize the analysis results. The EPCE large-signal model is used for the nonlinear time domain simulation and analysis. The small-signal model will be used for the linear system frequency domain analysis. The EPCE test measurement data is used to validate the accuracy of the EPCE model. The element-level test data is used to validate the accuracy of the element model and assure element-level interface stability. This paper documents the theoretical basis and the approach for the ISS EPS stability assurance for the secondary power circuits.
Gastric Hyperplasia in Mice Lacking the Putative Cdc42 Effector IQGAP1 (2000)

Human IQGAP1 is a widely expressed 190-kDa Cdc42-, Rac1-, and calmodulin-binding protein that interacts with F-actin in vivo and that can cross-link F-actin microfilaments in vitro. Recent results have implicated IQGAP1 as a component of pathways via which Cdc42 or Rac1 modulates cadherin-based cell adhesion (S. Kuroda et al., Science 281:832-835, 1998), whereas yeast IQGAP-related proteins have been found to play essential roles during cytokinesis. To identify critical in vivo functions of IQGAP1, we generated deficient mice by gene targeting. We demonstrate that IQGAP1 null mutants arise at normal frequency and show no obvious defects during development or for most of their adult life. Loss of IQGAP1 also does not affect tumor development or tumor progression, but mutant mice exhibit a significant (P < 0.0001) increase in late-onset gastric hyperplasia relative to wild-type animals of the same genetic background. While we cannot exclude that functional redundancy with IQGAP2 contributes to the lack of developmental phenotypes, the restricted expression pattern of IQGAP2 is not obviously altered in adult IQGAP1 mutant mice. Thus, IQGAP1 does not serve any essential nonredundant functions during murine development but may serve to maintain the integrity of the gastric mucosa in older animals.
Selective gas adsorption within a five-connected porous metal–organic framework (2010)

A microporous metal–organic framework, Zn3(OH)(L)2.5(DMF)41 (L = 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate and DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide) of a rare five-connected (44)(66) topology was synthesized and structurally characterized. The de-solvated phase is thermally stable up to 350 °C, thus activation of this new MOF material at different temperatures of 150 and 300 °C under high vacuum formed two microporous materials 1a and 1b, respectively, exhibiting selective gas adsorption behavior with respect to H2/N2 and O2/N2, and CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2.
Meniscal Repair (2013)

Historically, treatment of meniscus tears consisted of complete meniscectomy. Over the past few decades, however, the long-term morbidities of meniscal removal, namely the early development of knee osteoarthritis, have become apparent. Thus, management of meniscal tears has trended toward meniscal preservation. Recent technological advances have made repairs of the meniscus easier and stronger. In addition, adjunctive therapies used to enhance the healing process have advanced greatly in the past few years. Today, with increased understanding of the impact of meniscal loss and the principles of meniscal repair and healing, meniscal preservation is viewed as an increasingly realistic and important goal in the management of meniscus tears.
Immunohistochemical detection of eosinophilic infiltration in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. (2002)

These data indicate that eosinophilic counts utilizing the monoclonal antibody EG2 serve as a useful independent prognostic marker in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
A study of some seismometers (1935)

This paper discusses the advantages of seismometers that record displacement over instruments that measure velocity or acceleration. It shows that a portable seismometer using changes in capacitance between condenser‐plates to produce proportionate changes of current in an oscillograph has many good characteristics, chief of which are the ease and accuracy with which calibration may be made in the field after sensitivity has been adjusted as desired.
Early pregnancy failure: study by ultrasonic and hormonal methods. (1980)

The value of ultrasonic and hormonal methods [plasma human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P)] was examined in 188 patients exhibiting different forms of early pregnancy failure. A negative ultrasonic result in the detection of fetal life signs after 9 weeks' gestation signified an unsuccessful outcome for the pregnancy in 100% of cases. On the other hand, the ultrasonic demonstration of fetal life predicted delivery in 90% of cases despite symptoms of threatened abortion. Pathologic levels of hCG or P signified a later miscarriage in 93% of cases, and their combination correlated with a 100% failure rate. In the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy the combined application of ultrasound and plasma hCG levels seemed to be very useful; however it appears that the detection of blighted ovum should be based on the ultrasonic scanning only. The results of the present study indicate that ultrasonic examination can be regarded as the basic diagnostic method in the evaluation of early pregnancy failure. The determination of plasma trophoblastic hormones (especially hCG) seems to add valuable information to the ultrasonic findings in the actual diagnosis and evaluation of the later course of pregnancy only until 9 weeks' gestation.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES): a safe and effective low cost means of anxiety control in a dental practice. (1999)

A double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed on 33 randomly selected dental patients to evaluate whether cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a viable procedure for reducing anxiety during routine dental procedures. The active CES treatment group was significantly less anxious than the placebo group at the conclusion of various dental procedures.
Die Tetracyanoborate M[B(CN)4], M = [Bu4N]+, Ag+, K+ (2000)

Erstmals wird das Tetracyanoborat-Anion in Form seines Tetrabutylammonium-Salzes durch Umsetzung von [NBu4]BX und BX3 (X = Br, Cl) in Toluol mit KCN erhalten. Nach Aufarbeitung des Rohproduktes und Umkristallisation aus CHCl3 fallen farblose, stäbchenförmige Einkristalle [Bu4N][B(CN)4] an. Die Metathese mit AgNO3 ergibt das Silbersalz und aus diesem mit KBr schließlich das Kaliumsalz. Die drei Salze werden durch Röntgenbeugung an Einkristallen (Ag[B(CN)4] P 43m, a = 5.732(1) Å, V = 188.3 Å3, Z = 1, R1 = 0.75%; K[B(CN)4] I41/a, a = 6.976(1), c = 14.210(3) Å, V = 691.5 Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 1.90%; [Bu4N][B(CN)4] Pnna, a = 17.765(3), b = 11.650(2), c = 11.454(2) Å, V = 2370.5 Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 6.09%) und NMR-, IR-, Raman- sowie UV-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. The Tetracyanoborates M[B(CN)4], M = [Bu4N]+, Ag+, K+ The tetracyanoborate anion is prepared for the first time as the tetrabutylammonium salt by the reaction of [NBu4]BX and BX3 (X = Br, Cl) in toluene with KCN. After purification and recrystallization of the product from CHCl3 colorless and needle size single crystals of [Bu4N][B(CN)4] are formed. After metathesis with AgNO3 the silver salt and subsequently with KBr the potassium salt is prepared. The three salts are characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (Ag[B(CN)4] P 43m, a = 5.732(1) Å, V = 188.3 Å3, Z = 1, R1 = 0.75%; K[B(CN)4] I41/a, a = 6.976(1), c = 14.210(3) Å, V = 691.5 Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 1.90%; [Bu4N][B(CN)4] Pnna, a = 17.765(3), b = 11.650(2), c = 11.454(2) Å, V = 2370.5 Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 6.09%) and by NMR-, IR-, Raman- as well by UV-spectroscopy.
Effects of fructo-oligosaccharides on survival and acrosome morphology of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. (1993)

豚精子の凍結・融解後 (以下, 凍融後と略記) の生存および正常頭帽の維持に対するフラクトオリゴ糖の効果について比較検討し, 次の結果を得た。メイオリゴP, GF2, GF3及びGF4のうち, GF3およびGF4は凍融後37℃, 15～270分における豚精子の生存並びに正常頭帽の維推に優れた効果を示し, その効果は対照の乳糖を有意に上まわった。
Interaction of fibronectin and fibronectin binding protein (FnBP) of Staphylococcus aureus with murine phagocytes and lymphocytes (1992)

In the present study we examined the in vitro and in vivo interactions of a cloned staphylococcal fibronectin binding protein (FnBP) and plasma fibronectin (Fn) with polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages, and how antibodies against FnBP affect the phagocytosis process in vitro. Moreover, the interaction of FnBP and Fn coupled on latex beads as ‘artificial bacteria’ and ‘artificially opsonized bacteria’ with murine spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages was tested. The major finding of the present study is that antibodies against the FnBP of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and low concentration of antibodies recognized two IgG-binding domains of protein A (SpA) are effective in the promotion of phagocytosis in vitro. It was also observed that FnBP has a chemoattractant activity and causes accumulation of PMNs and macrophages in the mouse peritoneal cavity when injected 24 h before irritation of peritoneal exudate. It seems likely that this activity is connected with binding to Fn molecules since formalin inactivation of FnBP (60%) abolished it. In the in vitro phagocytosis assay in the presence of FnBP (in a medium supplemented with serum depleted of Fn), ingestion of bacteria by phagocytes was identical to assay carried out in the presence of BSA. However, addition of plasma fibronectin caused an increased uptake of bacteria by macrophages and to a lesser degree by PMNs. We observed that in a population of normal splenocytes, those cells that effectively bound FnBP- and Fn-coated latex beads were mostly those cells exbiting macrophage and dendritic morphology. In populations of spleen cells of animals infected with S. aureus, T lymphocytes were also found to bind FnBP- and Fn-coated latex beads. These data suggest that FnBP may have the ability to promote aggregation of immune cells, either directly or by interaction with plasma Fn, which can be helpful in certain cell-cell interactions taking place at the initial stages of specific immune response.
Cavitation-enhanced MR-guided focused ultrasound ablation of rabbit tumors<i>in vivo</i>using phase shift nanoemulsions (2014)

Advanced tumors are often inoperable due to their size and proximity to critical vascular structures. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been developed to non-invasively thermally ablate inoperable solid tumors. However, the clinical feasibility of HIFU ablation therapy has been limited by the long treatment times (on the order of hours) and high acoustic intensities required. Studies have shown that inertial cavitation can enhance HIFU-mediated heating by generating broadband acoustic emissions that increase tissue absorption and accelerate HIFU-induced heating. Unfortunately, initiating inertial cavitation in tumors requires high intensities and can be unpredictable. To address this need, phase-shift nanoemulsions (PSNE) have been developed. PSNE consist of lipid-coated liquid perfluorocarbon droplets that are less than 200 nm in diameter, thereby allowing passive accumulation in tumors through leaky tumor vasculature. PSNE can be vaporized into microbubbles in tumors in order to nucleate cavitation activity and enhance HIFU-mediated heating. In this study, MR-guided HIFU treatments were performed on intramuscular rabbit VX2 tumors in vivo to assess the effect of vaporized PSNE on acoustic cavitation and HIFU-mediated heating. HIFU pulses were delivered for 30 s using a 1.5 MHz, MR-compatible transducer, and cavitation emissions were recorded with a 650 kHz ring hydrophone while temperature was monitored using MR thermometry. Cavitation emissions were significantly higher (P < 0.05) after PSNE injection and this was well correlated with enhanced HIFU-mediated heating in tumors. The peak temperature rise induced by sonication was significantly higher (P < 0.05) after PSNE injection. For example, the mean per cent change in temperature achieved at 5.2 W of acoustic power was 46 ± 22% with PSNE injection. The results indicate that PSNE nucleates cavitation which correlates with enhanced HIFU-mediated heating in tumors. This suggests that PSNE could potentially be used to reduce the time and/or acoustic intensity required for HIFU-mediated heating, thereby increasing the feasibility and clinical efficacy of HIFU thermal ablation therapy.
A correlative coefficient multiplying (CCM) method for chrominance moire reduction in single-chip color video cameras (1991)

A signal processing method for chrominance moire reduction in images from a single-chip color video camera has been developed. This method (correlative coefficient multiplying, CCM) assumes the correlation of luminance amplitude in an image between adjacent pixels. A unique feature of the CCM method is that the color signals are interpolated by using another color signal from an adjacent pixel and multiplying by a correlative coefficient that relates to the ratio of the low-frequency component of those color signals. It produces excellent-quality video images with reduced chrominance moire and high resolution, compared to the conventional method using an optical low-pass filter. The results of experiments completed using computer simulation are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of Getah virus from mosquitos collected on Hainan Island, China, and results of a serosurvey. (1992)

An isolate of Getah virus was obtained from Culex mosquitos collected in Mao'an Village, Baoting County, Hainan Province, China, in 1964. The virus (strain M-1) replicated in laboratory-bred Aedes aegypti and Cx. fatigans (= quinquefasciatus), and was transmitted by laboratory-bred Ae. albopictus to healthy newborn albino mice. Skeletal muscles of newborn albino mice experimentally infected with the virus showed degeneration, atrophy, necrosis, and inflammatory changes of muscle fibers. Antibody prevalence in humans and animals ranged from 10.3% by neutralization tests of samples from healthy people in 1979 to 26.4% by CF tests of samples from people with febrile illnesses in 1982. The high prevalence of antibody in pigs, horses, and goats (17.6% to 37.5%) indicated that infection with Getah or a closely related virus is relatively common in domestic animals.
A mutation in mouse <i>Disc1</i> that models a schizophrenia risk allele leads to specific alterations in neuronal architecture and cognition (2008)

DISC1 is a strong candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Using a mouse strain carrying an endogenous Disc1 orthologue engineered to model the putative effects of the disease-associated chromosomal translocation we demonstrate that impaired Disc1 function results in region-specific morphological alterations, including alterations in the organization of newly born and mature neurons of the dentate gyrus. Field recordings at CA3/CA1 synapses revealed a deficit in short-term plasticity. Using a battery of cognitive tests we found a selective impairment in working memory (WM), which may relate to deficits in WM and executive function observed in individuals with schizophrenia. Our results implicate malfunction of neural circuits within the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex and selective deficits in WM as contributing to the genetic risk conferred by this gene.
The different mechanisms of sporophytic self–incompatibility (2003)

Flowering plants have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to avoid self-fertilization and promote outbreeding. Self-incompatibility (SI) is by far the most common of these, and is found in ca. 60% of flowering plants. SI is a genetically controlled pollen-pistil recognition system that provides a barrier to fertilization by self and self-related pollen in hermaphrodite (usually co-sexual) flowering plants. Two genetically distinct forms of SI can be recognized: gametophytic SI (GSI) and sporophytic SI (SSI), distinguished by how the incompatibility phenotype of the pollen is determined. GSI appears to be the most common mode of SI and can operate through at least three different mechanisms, two of which have been characterized extensively at a molecular level in the Solanaceae and Papaveraceae. Because molecular studies of SSI have been largely confined to species from the Brassicaceae, predominantly Brassica species, it is not yet known whether SSI, like GSI, can operate through different molecular mechanisms. Molecular studies of SSI are now being carried out on Ipomoea trifida (Convolvulaceae) and Senecio squalidus (Asteraceae) and are providing important preliminary data suggesting that SSI in these two families does not share the same molecular mechanism as that of the Brassicaceae. Here, what is currently known about the molecular regulation of SSI in the Brassicaceae is briefly reviewed, and the emerging data on SSI in I. trifida, and more especially in S. squalidus, are discussed.
Host selection by<i>Agrilus planipennis</i>(Coleoptera: Buprestidae): inferences from sticky-band trapping (2009)

Abstract Sticky-band trapping experiments were undertaken in 2003–2006 to examine the host-seeking behaviour of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, in woodlots in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The female proportion of A. plannipennis emerging from host logs ranged from 0.414 to 0.582. Landings on sticky-band traps varied more with the female proportion, ranging from 0.392 to 0.889, with the majority in the upper range, suggesting behavioural differences between the sexes. Correlations between landing density and tree size measured as diameter at breast height were positive or showed no relationship. In some locations more beetles were captured on the south side of the tree than on the north side; however, there was no difference between these cardinal directions at other locations. Numbers of captured beetles were never significantly greater on the north side of boles. We observed greater landing densities of adults of both sexes on traps on trees along the edges of woodlots than on trees within the woodlots. When given a choice under natural conditions, beetles landed almost exclusively on host trees ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (Oleaceae)) rather than on other common trees species ( Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae), Tilia americana L. (Tiliaceae), and species of Acer L. (Aceraceae)) found in the same woodlots. Our data suggest that A. planipennis make host-selection decisions while in flight rather than landing randomly. Implications for monitoring A. plannipennis using sticky-band traps and understanding its host-seeking behaviour are discussed.
Carbon nanotube yarn strain sensors (2010)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) based sensors are often fabricated by dispersing CNTs into different types of polymer. In this paper, a prototype carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn strain sensor with excellent repeatability and stability for in situ structural health monitoring was developed. The CNT yarn was spun directly from CNT arrays, and its electrical resistance increased linearly with tensile strain, making it an ideal strain sensor. It showed consistent piezoresistive behavior under repetitive straining and unloading, and good resistance stability at temperatures ranging from 77 to 373 K. The sensors can be easily embedded into composite structures with minimal invasiveness and weight penalty. We have also demonstrated their ability to monitor crack initiation and propagation.
Thermal management systems for data centers with liquid cooling technique of CPU (2012)

Energy consumption in data centers has seen a drastic increase in recent years and approximately 40% of it is spent on cooling facilities. In data centers, server racks are cooled down indirectly by chilled air with an air conditioner. This technique is inefficient because IT equipment is not cool enough whereas the server room is overcooled. Under these circumstances, the authors have proposed liquid cooling systems in which CPUs are cooled down directly and exhaust heat is not radiated into the server room. Three cooling technique for CPUs are developed simultaneously. Two of them involve a single-phase heat exchanger and a two-phase heat exchanger as a cooling jacket. The other is flat heat pipes in order that the heat generated by CPU is cooled after being transported to the outside of the chassis. Condensation section of the heat pipe is cooled down by liquid with liquid manifold, so that there is no air cooling part in our new liquid cooling systems. Performance evaluation tests of the cooling devices have been conducted, which are single-phase heat exchanger, two-phase heat exchanger and two-types of flat heat pipes. Meanwhile, nanofluid technology for heat transfer enhancement and development of plug-in connectors for standardization of the systems are pursued. In addition, Verification tests have been carried out with using commercial servers. As a result, a 44% to 53% reduction in energy consumption of cooling facilities with single-phase cooling system was realized compared with conventional air cooling system.
Towards an anthrax detector using the femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic technique for coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy signal from dipicolinic acid in bacterial spores (2004)

Abstract We present experimental evidence of a resonant coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) signal from dipicolinic acid, a marker molecule in anthrax spores. We also show some evidence of resonant CARS signal associated with the 1000 cm−1 resonance from Bacillus Globigii spores which are similar to anthrax spores. These results constitute a first step towards developing a rapid identification technique for bacterial spores.
Real-time moving object detection and shadow removing in video surveillance (2005)

In automatic video monitoring, real-time detection and in particular shadow elimination are critical to the correct moving objects segmentation since they severely affect the surveillance process. In this study, we propose a fast and flexible approach of movement detection based on an adaptive background subtraction technique with an effective model of shadow elimination based on color constancy principle in RGB color space. The results show the robustness of the model and particularly its capacity to work in a completely autonomous way. As in any modular conceptions, the test of the real performances of an algorithm must be carried out in its global context; it's why a complete automatic monitoring system was elaborated. However, in this article the emphasis will be put on the detection part.