gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological effects of dorsal column stimulation in man and monkey (1974)

✓ In 18 patients with cancer and intractable pain, capacitatively coupled pulses of 0.25 msec duration were delivered transcutaneously at 100 Hz to sets of five in-line electrodes implanted subdurally over the dorsal columns. Averaged somatosensory-evoked potentials were recorded from scalp electrodes before, during, and after application of current. All but one patient experienced relief of pain during stimulation, persisting for as long as several hours afterward. Eleven patients developed hyperactive deep reflexes, pathological reflexes, and decreased perception of joint rotation, pain, and touch below the level of current application. Somatosensory-evoked potential amplitudes were markedly reduced. All neurological findings returned to control values within 1 hour after each of repeated applications of current. Histological examination of spinal cord sections from four cancer patients showed no changes secondary to long-term current application. Similar currents were applied to the spinal cord of 15 monkeys with chronically implanted bipolar recording or stimulating electrodes over the lower, middle, and upper thoracic cord, in nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis (VPL), and over the sensory motor cortex (SMC). With application of current, the responses in VPL and SMC to peripheral stimulation were abolished. Evoked potential responses were abolished between bipolar stimulating electrodes and bipolar recording electrodes separated by the five in-line electrodes used to supply the 100 Hz current. However, when both stimulating and recording electrodes were either above or below the five in-line electrode set, evoked responses were unaffected. The findings indicate that applied currents blocked neuronal transmission by producing local changes in the cord. The prolonged alteration of cerebral evoked potentials and relief of pain, however, could also be related to involvement of supraspinal neurons.
Novel Poly(Succinimide-Ether)s Based on the Reaction of Bismaleimides with Azomethine-Bisphenols (2004)

Novel poly(succinimide-ether)s containing azomethine linkages were synthesized by the addition polymerization reaction of bismaleimides, such as N, N′-4,4′-diphenylether bismaleimide and N, N′-4,4′-dibenzylbismaleimide, with various mesogenic azomethine-bisphenols such as: 4-(4-hydroxybenzylideneimino)phenol, 4,4′-oxy-bis(4-hydroxyben-zylideneimino)phenyl or 4,4′-bis(4-hydroxybenzylideneiminophenoxy)biphenyl. The structures of these polymers were identified by infrared and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The polymers were characterized by solution viscometry, solubility and UV-VIS measurements. Their thermal properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric and thermo-optical analysis and hot-stage polarized light microscopy. The oligomers containing longer mesogenic moieties exhibited thermotropic liquid cristalline behavior.
Rh<sup>I</sup>‐Catalyzed Hydration of Organonitriles under Ambient Conditions (2008)

New scoop on scope and selectivity: The hydration of organonitriles catalyzed by a RhI(OMe) species under nearly pH-neutral and ambient conditions (25 °C, 1 atm) is chemoselective and high-yielding (93 to 99 %), has a broad substrate scope, and may thus be complementary to enzymatic hydration methods for the introduction of a terminal amido group (CONH2) onto a carbon chain.
Special Effect Pigments (1999)

2 Optical principles, manufacture, properties and types of special effect pigments 2.1 Optical principles 2.1.1 Reflection and refraction at one and at several interfaces 2.1.2 Pearl luster and interference effects 2.2 Natural pearl luster pigments 2.3 Basic lead carbonate 2.4 Bismuth oxychloride 2.5 Micaceous iron oxide 2.6 Titanium dioxide flakes 2.7 Flaked organic effect pigments 2.8 Metal oxide mica pigments 2.8.1 Titanium dioxide mica pigments 2.8.2 Iron(III) oxide mica pigments 2.8.3 Combination pigments 2.8.4 Mica pigments with multilayers 2.8.5 Pigments for outdoor applications 2.8.6 Mica pigments for new optical effects 2.8.6.1 Silver-gray and black pigments 2.8.6.2 Mica pigments without pearl luster: “Transparent Colors” 2.8.6.3 Mica pigments with low pearl luster: “Low Luster Pigments” 2.8.7 Functional metal oxide mica pigments 2.8.7.1 Light colored, electrically conductive pigments 2.8.7.2 Magnetic pigments 2.8.7.3 Pigments for the laser marking of plastics 2.8.7.4 Solar heat-reflecting pigments 2.9 Effect pigments based on alumina flakes 2.10 Effect pigments based on borosilicate flakes 2.11 Effect pigments based on silicon dioxide flakes 2.12 Effect pigments based on iron oxide flakes 2.13 Effect pigments consisting of metal oxide-coated metal platelets 2.14 Multilayer pigments with a Fabry-Perot structure manufactured using the PVD-method 2.15 Effect pigments based on liquid-crystal polymers (cholesteric effect pigments) 2.16 Structured effect pigments 2.16.1 Holographic pigments 2.16.2 Diffractive pigments
SPECTRAL ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF EASE OF FORMATION AND STABILITY OF OIL IN WATER EMULSIONS (1981)

Abstract Ease of formation and stability of oil (D-Limonene) in water emulsions have been studied and determined by measuring the spectral absorption of diluted emulsions at two wavelengths (800 nm and 400 nm). Stability indices were derived from measurements carried out 24 hours after preparation at room temperature (R1) and after an additional 8 hours of incubation at 75°C (R2) Various factors affecting emulsion stability, such as type of emulsifier and required HLB, oil concentration, and amount of emulsifier and the method of preparation were tested using this method.
Morphology, crystalline structure, and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/silica hybrid composites (2001)

Abstract Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/silica (PVDF/SiO 2 ) hybrid composite films were prepared via sol–gel reactions from mixtures of PVDF and tetraethoxysilane in dimethylacetamide. Their morphology, crystalline structure, and thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties were examined. For morphology measurements, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were applied. X‐ray diffraction and infrared analyses showed that the crystalline structure of PVDF was not changed much by the addition of SiO 2 , indicating that there was no interaction between PVDF and SiO 2 . With increasing SiO 2 content, the melting temperature rarely changed, the degree of crystallinity and the dielectric constant decreased, and the decomposition temperature slightly increased. A PVDF/SiO 2 hybrid composite film with 5 wt % SiO 2 exhibited balanced mechanical properties without a severe change in the crystalline structure of PVDF, whereas for the hybrid composites with higher SiO 2 contents (>10 wt %), the mechanical properties were reduced, and the spherulite texture of PVDF was significantly disrupted by the presence of SiO 2 particles. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 19–30, 2002
Improved methods for the assay and activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. (1979)

A simple and rapid mixed-phase method for the quantitative assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase and a procedure for the efficient reactivation of Mg-ATP-inactivated microsomal HMG-CoA reductase by potato acid phosphatase are described. The mixed-phase assay entails the direct addition of the acidified, deproteinized incubation mixture to a toluene-based scintillation fluor. The enzymatic reaction product [3H]-mevalonolactone partitions into the toluene while unreacted 3H-labeled HMG-CoA substrate remains in the aqueous phase and is not detected on scintillation counting. The accuracy and reproducibility of this method are compared to a thin-layer chromatographic assay for HMG-CoA reductase. Microsomal and solubilized HMG-CoA reductase inactivated by incubation with Mg-ATP is reactivated by purified potato acid phosphatase. Under appropriate conditions quantitative reactivation of HMG-CoA reductase is achieved, indicating that endogenous inhibitory and activating proteins regulate HMG-CoA reductase via a kinase-phosphatase system.
Multiple oral inoculations with Cryptosporidium parvum as a means of immunization for production of monoclonal antibodies (1993)

Oral immunization of suckling mice with Cryptosporidium parvum results in a humoral response to a limited set of antigens. Six-day-old BALB/c mice were each inoculated orally with 1 × 106 viable oocysts and subsequently administered oral inoculations of 2 × 106 viable oocysts at 30 and 60 days following the primary infection. After 45 days, mice were boosted with 1 × 106 oocysts orally, plus soluble extracts equivalent to 2 × 106 and 1 × 106 oocysts given intravenously and intraperitoneally, respectively. Four days later, splenic lymphocytes were fused to Ag8 myeloma cells. Using this method, we have been able to select for monoclonal antibodies that predominately recognize sporozoite surface and apical complex antigens.
A study of the applicability of existing exception-handling techniques to component-based real-time software technology (1998)

This study focuses on the current state of error-handling technology and concludes with recommendations for further research in error handling for component-based real-time software. With real-time programs growing in size and complexity, the quality and cost of developing and maintaining them are still deep concerns to embedded software industries. Component-based software is a promising approach in reducing development cost while increasing quality and reliability. As with any other real-time software, component-based software needs exception detection and handling mechanisms to satisfy reliability requirements. The current lack of suitable error-handling techniques can make an application composed of reusable software nondeterministic and difficult to understand in the presence of errors.
A Pedestrian Navigation System for Urban and Indoor Environments (2007)

The main objective of the project ‘SARHA - Sensor- Augmented EGNOS/Galileo Receiver for Handheld Applications in Urban and Indoor Environments’ was the development of a modern satellite navigation receiver with autonomous sensor augmentation. The implemented hybrid navigation software is split up into two parts: The first one is implemented directly on the GNSS receiver, whereas the second part runs on a single-board computer (SBC). This paper provides an overview on personal mobility and typical applications related to the system, describes the system architecture and the hybrid navigation software in detail. Three different step detection algorithms with respect to peak detection, zero crossing, and autocorrelation method are compared to each other. CPU requirements, smoothness of the results, and stability of the results in difficult environments are typical features to be analyzed. While radar technology is quite common for speed determination in vehicle applications, it is not yet state-ofthe- art in pedestrian navigation. This paper presents a comparison of velocity estimation using three different technologies: GPS/EGNOS, accelerations, and radar technology, investigating whether radar technology might be an alternative to accelerations in the dead reckoning mode. Additionally, the hybrid navigation system is enhanced by a transponder system containing a low-power receiver carried by the pedestrian and transmitters installed within buildings for indoor positioning updates. As soon as a person wearing the receiver is close enough to a transmitter, the carrier is detected and the transmitted information decoded. Using the transponder system allows the SARHA system to increase accuracy and reliability indoors and to mitigate the drift of autonomous sensors in the absence of GNSS. Finally, the paper presents some position and height results obtained during field demonstrations in the framework of the SARHA project.
Philanthropy Revisited (2008)

Keith A. Page, FACHE, is president and chief executive officer of Anderson Hospital in Maryville, Illinois. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Illinois Hospital Association.
TOXICITY STUDIES OF PACLITAXEL (III) : Six-month intermittent intravenous toxicity in rats (1994)

Paclitaxel, an antineoplastic agent, was intravenously given to Crj:CD (SD) rats of both sexes at 0 (saline), 0 (vehicle), 0.3 (low dose), 1.0 (intermediate dose) and 3.3 (high dose) mg/kg at seven-day interval over a six-month period (total of 27 doses) to investigate its repeated dose toxicity. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. No deaths occurred in this study. Vehicle-related salivation was seen for some high dose and vehicle control rats. Soiling of the perigenital region was observed for some high dose females. 2. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and white blood cell count were decreased for high dose rats. Reticulocyte count was increased and relative neutrophil count was decreased for high dose males. 3. Relative erythroid and myeloid cell count were decreased for high dose rats in bone marrow smear examinations. 4. Bone marrow hypoplasia and splenic hemosiderosis were observed for high dose rats, and thymic atrophy and lymphoid depletion were seen for some high dose males. Based on the these results, the no-toxic effect dose of paclitaxel was estimated to be 1.0 mg/kg in rats under this study condition.
Maximum Likelihood Analysis of Masked Data in Competing Risks Models with an Environmental Stress (2004)

It is an important problem to estimate component reliabilities. For a series system due to cost and time constraints associated with failure analysis, all components cannot be investigated and the cause of failure is narrowed to a subset of components in some cases. When such a case occurs, we say that the cause of failure is masked. It is also necessary in some cases to take account of the influence of an environmental stress on all components. In this paper, we consider 2 and 3-component series systems when the component lifelengths are exponentially distributed and an environmental stress follows either a gamma or an inverse Gaussian distribution. We show that the lifelength of the system and the cause of failure are independent of each other. By comparison between the hazard functions in both models, we see that quite short and long lifelengths are more likely to occur in a gamma model than in an inverse Gaussian one. Assuming that the masking probabilities do not depend on which component actually fails, we show that the likelihood function can be factorized into three parts by a reparametrization. For some special cases, some estimators are given in closed-form. We use the computer failure data to see that our model is useful to analyze the real masked data. As compared with the Kaplan-Meier estimator, our models fit this computer data better than no environmental stress model. Further, we determine a suitable model using AIC. We see that the gamma model is fitted to the data better than the inverse Gaussian one. From a limited simulation study for a 3-component series system, we see that the relative errors of some estimators are inversely proportional to the square root of the expected number of systems whose cause of failure is identified.
Impact of aeration strategy on CHO cell performance during antibody production (2012)

Stirred tank bioreactors using suspension adapted mammalian cells are typically used for the production of complex therapeutic proteins. The hydrodynamic conditions experienced by cells within this environment have been shown to directly impact growth, productivity, and product quality and therefore an improved understanding of the cellular response is critical. Here we investigate the sub-lethal effects of different aeration strategies on Chinese hamster ovary cells during monoclonal antibody production. Two gas delivery systems were employed to study the presence and absence of the air-liquid interface: bubbled direct gas sparging and a non-bubbled diffusive silicone membrane system. Additionally, the effect of higher gas flow rate in the sparged bioreactor was examined. Both aeration systems were run using chemically defined media with and without the shear protectant Pluronic F-68 (PF-68). Cells were unable to grow with direct gas sparging without PF-68; however, when a silicone membrane aeration system was implemented growth was comparable to the sparged bioreactor with PF-68, indicating the necessity of shear protectants in the presence of bubbles. The cultures exposed to increased hydrodynamic stress were shown by flow cytometry to have decreased F-actin intensity within the cytoskeleton and enter apoptosis earlier. This indicates that these conditions elicit a sub-lethal physiological change in cells that would not be detected by the at-line assays which are normally implemented during cell culture. These physiological changes only result in a difference in continuous centrifugation performance under high flow rate conditions. Product quality was more strongly affected by culture age than the hydrodynamic conditions tested.
Alterations in hepatocytes of mice fed a gallstone‐inducing diet: Occurrence of nuclear and cytoplasmic lipids (1979)

Abstract Mice fed a high cholesterol‐cholic acid (lithogenic) diet for one year develop fatty livers in addition to gallstones. Light and electron micrographs demonstrate large amounts of lipids in liver parenchymal cells, often to the exclusion of most other cytoplasmic organelles. In addition, some hepatocytes exhibit nuclear lipid pseudo‐ and true inclusions. Other prominent features of hepatocytes after lithogenic diet include segregation of nucleolar granular and fibrillar material. Accumulation of considerable collagen in extracellular spaces is also noted. Observations suggest changes induced by the cholesterol diet are comparable to cytologic alterations seen in spontaneous and drug induced hepatic tumors, as well as to more general “fatty metamorphosis” of the liver.
DNA Quality Assessment for Array CGH by Isothermal Whole Genome Amplification (2007)

The efficiency of isothermal DNA amplification is a reliable predictor for array CGH quality. The amplification product itself can be used for array CGH, even starting with FFPE derived DNA samples.
Production of Monodisperse, Crack-Free Cerium Oxide Microspheres by Internal Gelation Sol-Gel Methods. (2014)

Traditional powder processes for fabricating plutonium-238 oxide heat source pellets used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators contaminate facilities and pose a health hazard to workers. These problems have motivated steps to validate an alternative, dust-free technique to produce equivalent pellets. Established internal gelation sol-gel methods for fabricating uranium oxide microspheres have been modified to produce monodisperse spheres of cerium dioxide with diameters less than 200 micron. A two-fluid nozzle designed to accommodate short needles in a chill-able configuration has resulted in the production of sintered cerium dioxide microspheres with an average diameter of 100.28 micron ± 2.8 micron. Final sphere diameter was controlled within the range 65 – 210 micron by adjustments to feed solution and stripping oil feed rates. Sol-gel equipment designed and constructed for this study is capable of producing enough gelling product in one day to yield 10 g of sintered cerium dioxide microspheres. Improvements were made to sphere washing techniques to prevent microsphere cracking upon drying and also reduce impurity levels. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that spheres washed by the improved method have 4.5 times less volatile mass loss upon heating than spheres washed by a traditional process. Impurity analysis on sintered microspheres has shown carbon impurities below 30 ppm and trace element levels below specified limits for Pu-238 oxide fuels. Experimental results with a lab-scale apparatus demonstrated that 10s of grams of monodisperse cerium oxide microspheres can be produced by internal gelation methods with low impurity levels. These findings provide motivation for additional research to demonstrate dust-free production of plutonium oxide microspheres.
Molecular Mechanisms of Fungal Pathogenicity to Plants (1994)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Improvement of the resistance of Lactobacillus delbruekii spp bulgaricus to freezing by natural selection (2003)

International audience
Diquafosol Elicits Increases in Net Cl<sup>–</sup> Transport through P2Y<sub>2</sub> Receptor Stimulation in Rabbit Conjunctiva (2004)

The purpose of the present study was to understand the mechanisms of action of diquafosol, a stable derivative of uridine 5'-triphosphate, on Cl(-) transport across the isolated rabbit conjunctiva. Rabbit conjunctivas were isolated and mounted in a modified Ussing chamber. Under short-circuit conditions, the effects were determined of mucosal (tear) side diquafosol application on the short-circuit current (Isc). Diquafosol rapidly and dose-dependently increased the Isc at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 968 microM when added to the mucosal side of the conjunctiva. In the absence of the serosal Cl(-), the Isc induced by 10 microM diquafosol was substantially reduced. On the contrary, in the absence of mucosal side Na(+), the diquafosol-induced increases in Isc were unchanged. Following 45-min preincubation, the P2Y(2) antagonist suramin inhibited the diquafosol-induced increases in the Isc whereas the P2Y(1) antagonist pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2'4'-disulfonic acid had no effect. These studies suggest that diquafosol stimulates net Cl(-) secretion from the serosal to the mucosal side via stimulation of P2Y(2) receptors in the rabbit conjunctiva.
Establishment of a human chorionic gonadotropin‐producing human gastric carcinoma in nude mice (1991)

A human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-producing gastric carcinoma was transplanted into BALB/c nu/nu nude mice. The original tumor tissue had been obtained by gastrectomy from a 55-year-old patient with gastric carcinoma. The tumor was transplanted serially in nude mice, and its doubling time was stable to approximately 12 days. A positive correlation was observed between serum HCG level and tumor weight. The serum HCG level of the mice and the histology of the tumor weight. The serum HCG level of the mice and the histology of the tumor, papillary adenocarcinoma with partial poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, did not change on serial transfers. HCG was positively stained by an immunochemical technique only in the site of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, while staining was negative in the site of the papillary adenocarcinoma, which constituted most of the tumor. These results indicate that this tumor in nude mice will be useful not only as a therapeutic experimental system but also for studying the potential malignancy of HCG-producing cancer cells.
Sequence Variability and Developmental Expression of S-Alleles in Self-Incompatible and Pseudo-Self-Compatible Petunia (1990)

K. Reed Clark, John J. Okuley, Pamela D. Collins, Thomas L. Sims, Sequence Variability and Developmental Expression of S-Alleles in Self-Incompatible and Pseudo-Self-Compatible Petunia, The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, No. 8 (Aug., 1990), pp. 815-826