gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the reconstructibility and noise properties of scattered photons in Tc SPECT (1997)

Since scattered photons carry degraded spatial information, scatter is typically considered a source of contamination in SPECT. However, with the advent of scatter modelling methods and reconstruction-based scatter compensation (RBSC), it may be possible to utilize scattered data in a productive manner. In this work we analyse the reconstructibility of scattered photon projection data and investigate the potential for using scattered photons to reduce the noise levels of SPECT images. We have simulated projection data for an elliptical phantom containing three cold rods in a uniform background of 99mTc activity. A variety of photopeak and scatter energy windows were formed, as well as corresponding RBSC transfer matrices. Each statistically weighted matrix was decomposed using SVD and analysed in terms of reconstructibility and noise properties. Results indicate that scattered photons contain sufficient information to reconstruct the source activity, but the scatter-only matrices are very poorly conditioned. We have also evaluated several methods of utilizing scattered events via RBSC, and compared them with other, idealized methods of handling scatter. It was found that scattered photons can be used productively when photopeak and non-photopeak data are separated through the use of multiple energy windows. The RBSC methods outperformed ideal scatter subtraction, but fell short of methods which assume perfect discrimination between scattered and primary events. The knowledge gained by this study may help guide future research and lead to better approaches to handling scatter in SPECT.
Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security psychiatric institution. (1991)

The recidivism of 136 extrafamilial child molesters who had received phallometric assessment in a maximum security psychiatric institution from 1972 to 1983 was determined over an average 6.3-year follow-up. Fifty had participated in behavioral treatment to alter inappropriate sexual age preferences. Thirty-one percent of the subjects were convicted of a new sex offense, 43% committed a violent or sexual offense, and 58% were arrested for some offense or returned to the institution. Subjects convicted of a new sex offense had previously committed more sex offenses, had been admitted to correctional institutions more frequently, were more likely to have been diagnosed as personality disordered, were more likely to have never married, and had shown more inappropriate sexual preferences in initial phallometric assessment than those who had not. Behavioral treatment did not affect recidivism.
Prevention of Cyclosporine A-Induced Vascular Toxicity by Pentoxifylline (1991)

To determine whether an in vivo treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX) can prevent the vascular toxicity of cyclosporine A (Cx), three groups of rats were studied in parallel. The first group received daily injections of Cx (20 mg/kg intramuscularly) and pentoxifylline (80 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 7 days, the second group was treated with Cx only, and the third group served as control (vehicle treatment). Cx serum levels were similar in groups 1 and 2. In thoracic aortic rings isolated from Cx group (group 2), the concentration-response curves to phenylephrine were potentiated: there was a significant leftward shift (p less than 0.001 vs. control) in the EC50 values and an increase in the maximal responses (p less than 0.05). After mechanical removal of the endothelium or inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor formation (incubation with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, L-NMMA), this enhanced responsiveness to phenylephrine persisted. In preparations from the same group (group 2), the endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) were decreased whereas the endothelium-independent relaxations to nitroprusside (NTP 0.01-10 nM) and forskolin (1 nM) were slightly attenuated but without changes in the maximal response. In the group cotreated with Cx and PTX (group 1), the responses to ACh, NTP, and forskolin were not different from controls whereas the greater responsiveness to phenylephrine was only partially attenuated. In vivo cotreatment with PTX may prevent the endothelial dysfunction and the functional changes in smooth muscle cells induced by Cx.
A 4.5 mW CT Self-Coupled <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex></formula> Modulator With 2.2 MHz BW and 90.4 dB SNDR Using Residual ELD Compensation (2015)

This paper presents a power-efficient single-loop continuous-time (CT) ΔΣ modulator (DSM) that achieves a SNDR of 90.4 dB over a 2.2 MHz signal bandwidth. The modulator uses a fourth-order feed-forward architecture incorporating the continuous-time self-coupling (CTSC) technique. Moreover, to reduce hardware area, this design utilizes the residual signal for excess loop delay (ELD) compensation. To improve linearity, low-ripple DAC latches and low toggle-rate dynamic element matching (DEM) algorithm are adopted. This DSM is fabricated in a 55 nm LP CMOS technology. Operating at 140 MHz sampling rate, the chip consumes 4.5 mW from power supplies of 1.2 V and 1.8 V. It achieves 90.4 dB SNDR and 92 dB dynamic range (DR) with a 2.2 MHz signal bandwidth, resulting in a Schreier FOM of 177.3 dB and 178.9 dB based on SNDR and DR, respectively. The chip area is 0.09 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTION AT PHOSPHORUS. UNUSUAL EFFECT OF THE LITHIUM ION (1976)

Abstract Das cyclische Phosphoresterchlorid (I) reagiert mit p‐Methoxy‐phenol (II) zu den beiden stereoisomeren Substitutionsprodukten (III) und (IV), deren Anteile in Relation zu zugesetzten Salzen wie Lithium‐, Kalium‐ oder Magnesiumperchlorat untersucht werden.
Effective Shared Control in Cooperative Mobility Aids (2001)

This paper presents preliminary work on the design of control systems for pedestrian mobility aids for the elderly. The elderly are often restricted in their mobility and must rely on canes, walkers and wheelchairs for locomotion. Restrictions in mobility lead to a loss of independence and autonomy, as well as a decrease in muscular strength.
Tumor-Targeted Boranes. 4. Synthesis of Nitroimidazole-Carboranes with Polyether-Isoxazole Links (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTumor-Targeted Boranes. 4. Synthesis of Nitroimidazole-Carboranes with Polyether-Isoxazole LinksMartin Scobie and Michael D. ThreadgillCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 23, 7008–7013Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00102a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00102a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views423Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Treatment Outcome of Bacteremia Due to KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: Superiority of Combination Antimicrobial Regimens (2012)

Klebsiella pneumoniae producing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) has been associated with serious infections and high mortality. The optimal antimicrobial therapy for infection due to KPC-producing K. pneumoniae is not well established. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with bacteremia caused by KPC-producing K. pneumoniae. A total of 41 unique patients with blood cultures growing KPC-producing K. pneumoniae were identified at two medical centers in the United States. Most of the infections were hospital acquired (32; 78%), while the rest of the cases were health care associated (9; 22%). The overall 28-day crude mortality rate was 39.0% (16/41). In the multivariate analysis, definitive therapy with a combination regimen was independently associated with survival (odds ratio, 0.07 [95% confidence interval, 0.009 to 0.71], P = 0.02). The 28-day mortality was 13.3% in the combination therapy group compared with 57.8% in the monotherapy group (P = 0.01). The most commonly used combinations were colistin-polymyxin B or tigecycline combined with a carbapenem. The mortality in this group was 12.5% (1/8). Despite in vitro susceptibility, patients who received monotherapy with colistin-polymyxin B or tigecycline had a higher mortality of 66.7% (8/12). The use of combination therapy for definitive therapy appears to be associated with improved survival in bacteremia due to KPC-producing K. pneumoniae.
Transformation of the genomic expression of plant cells. (1986)

Agrobacterium-induced transformation of plant cells results from integration of T-DNA of the Ti or Ri plasmids into the genome of susceptible plants. Expression of T-DNA genes induces physiological changes in transformed cells which modify normal plant development to produce proliferations characteristic of crown gall and hairy root diseases. Understanding of the molecular basis of the transformation events associated with these examples of naturally occurring genetic engineering of plant cells, has stimulated efforts to construct vectors for transferring specific genes into plants. Vector construction has progressed from the use of wild-type Ti plasmids, giving phenotypically abnormal regenerated plants, to non-oncogenic plasmids. The range of vectors now available should enable useful foreign genes to be inserted into a range of dicotyledons and monocotyledons without impairing normal plant development.
Taxation by Regulation (1971)

Students of the regulated industries often assume that regulation is designed either to approximate the results of competition or to protect the regulated firms from competition. But neither view explains adequately a number of important phenomena of regulation and regulated industries. Foremost among them is the prevalence of internal subsidies, whereby unremunerative services are provided, sometimes indefinitely, out of the profits from other services. To understand this phenomena, we must assign another important purpose to regulation: we can call it taxation by regulation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the dimension of the regulatory process, to demonstrate that it explains some otherwise perplexing features of the process and the industries subject to it, and to compare it with other methods of public finance.
Sensing and Motion Control of Virtual Objects for Web Camera-Based Game (2008)

This paper proposes a new method to control the falling virtual object by analyzing images acquired through the web camera. We can grab the falling virtual object with a hand and move it at will, up and down, right and left with hand movements, while seeing it as the image on the camera. If the virtual objects have collided with the skin area of the gamer detected in the present frame, the movements of the virtual object are simply and easily figured out through inference by using the virtual object-centered controlling method. If there exists a virtual object colliding with the present skin area and its movement scope is small, the movement area being tracked is assumed motionless and the left and right movements of the virtual object are determined accordingly. After experimenting with various images and movements, the proposed method has been proven to be valid and practicable.
Efficient Charge Photogeneration by the Dissociation of PC<sub>70</sub>BM Excitons in Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells (2011)

The role of PC70BM excitons in driving charge photogeneration in low bandgap polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells has been studied. Both transient absorption spectroscopy of charge generation yields in blend films as a function of excitation energies and photocurrent quantum efficiency spectra of the corresponding devices indicate that charge generation in this system results primarily from direct optical excitation of PC70BM. Blend composition studies of photocurrent density and photoluminescence quenching indicate that the efficiency of photocurrent generation is primarily determined by the limited efficiency of PC70BM exciton diffusion to the polymer due to the formation of PC70BM domains (≥5 nm). This limitation becomes more severe as the PC70BM content is increased above 50%. Despite this limitation and despite the poor charge photogeneration from polymer excitons, organic solar cells fabricated using this photoactive blend layer yielded device photocurrents of 7.1 mA/cm2, maximal EQEs of 41%, and a device efficiency of 3.1%.
Neural Computation in Stylometry II: An Application to the Works of Shakespeare and Marlowe (1994)

Using principles set out in an earlier paper, a neural network was constructed to discriminate between the works of Shakespeare and his contemporary Christopher Marlowe. Once trained using works from the core canon of the two dramatists, the network successfully classified works to which it had not been previously exposed. In the light of these favourable results, we used the network to classify a number of anonymous works. Strong support emerged for Tucker Brooke's view that The True Tragedy is the Marlovian original of Henry VI, Part 3, the latter being the product of subsequent revisions by Shakespeare.
Novel silicon compatible p-WS<sub>2</sub>2D/3D heterojunction devices exhibiting broadband photoresponse and superior detectivity (2016)

We report for the first time, the fabrication of novel two-dimensional (2D) p-WS2/n-Si vertical heterostructures with superior junction and photoresponse characteristics. Few layer WS2 has been synthesized by a lithium-ion intercalation technique in hexane and coated on Si substrates for realization of CMOS compatible devices. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been used to confirm the 2D nature of WS2 layers. Sharp band-edge absorption and emission peaks have indicated the formation of mono-to-few-layers thick direct band gap WS2 films. The electrical and optical responses of the heterostructures have exhibited superior properties revealing the formation of an abrupt heterojunction. The fabricated photodetector device depicts a peak responsivity of 1.11 A W(-1) at -2 V with a broadband spectral response of 400-1100 nm and a moderate photo-to-dark current ratio of ∼10(3). The optical switching characteristics have been studied as a function of applied bias and illuminated power density. A comparative study of the reported results on 2D transition metal chalcogenides indicates the superior characteristics of WS2/n-Si heterostructures for future photonic devices.
<title>Status Of The Sputtered Sliced Zone Plates For X-Ray Microscopy</title> (1982)

Procedures are described to make sputtered sliced zone plates. These systems are under development for a resolution range of 10 nm ≤ d ≤ 50 nm.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Comparison of the Single-Dose Effects of Alprazolam, (1991)

The effects of alprazolam and buspirone at varying dosages were compared with placebo in a battery of memory and cognitive tests in a sample of 125 young, healthy medical students by utilizing a single-dose, double-blind design. Although the dosages in this study did not impair visuomotor reaction time in any of the experimental groups, 1.0 mg of alprazolam did result in significantly impaired performance on selective aspects of memory function as assessed by the memory battery.
Folk Music and Popular Music in Brazil (1955)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
A comrade-matrix-based derivation of the different versions of fast cosine and sine transforms (2003)

The paper provides a fully self-contained derivation of fast algorithms to compute discrete Cosine and Sine transforms I - II based on the concept of the comrade matrix. The comrade matrices associated with different versions of the transforms differ in only a few boundary elements; hence, in each case algorithms can be derived in a unified manner.
Gene Synthesis, High-Level Expression, and Mutagenesis of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Rusticyanin: His 85 Is a Ligand to the Blue Copper Center (1995)

An artificial gene of the blue copper protein rusticyanin from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was constructed from eight overlapping oligonucleotides in a recursive "one-pot" polymerase chain reaction. The gene was placed behind the T7/lacOR promoter of pET24a and expressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble protein. A purification scheme involving a pH titration step, cation-exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC separation provided yields of the apoprotein ranging from 70 to 100 mg/L of cell culture; reconstitution with Cu(II) is quantitative at pH 3.4-5.5. The redox reactions and the electronic absorption and EPR spectra of the recombinant Cu(II)-rusticyanin and NMR spectra of the reduced holoprotein are indistinguishable from those of the protein derived from T. ferrooxidans. Rusticyanin possesses the phylogenetically conserved carboxy-terminal loop of three copper ligands (Cys 138, His 143, and Met 148), but the identity of the fourth ligand was not clear from sequence homology to other blue copper proteins. To address this question directly, we have prepared two site-specific mutants where two of the proposed ligands, Asp 73 and His 85, have been replaced with alanine. The Asp73Ala mutant retained the electronic properties of the wild-type blue copper center (absorption maxima at 452, 597, and 750 nm), whereas the His85Ala variant gave rise to a green type 1 copper protein (absorption maxima at 455 and 618 nm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Can we pay for what we get in 3G data access? (2012)

Data-plan subscribers are charged based on the used traffic volume in 3G/4G cellular networks. This usage-based charging system has been operational and received general success. In this work, we conduct experiments to critically assess both this usage-based accounting architecture and application-specific charging policies by operators. Our evaluation compares the network-recorded volume with the delivered traffic at the end device. We have found that, both generally work in common scenarios but may go wrong in the extreme cases: We are charged for what we never get, and we can get what we want for free. In one extreme case, we are charged for at least three hours and 450MB or more data despite receiving no single bit. In another extreme case, we are able to transfer 200MB or any amount we specify for free. The root causes lie in lack of both coordination between the charging system and the end device, and prudent policy enforcement by certain operators. We propose immediate fixes and discuss possible future directions.
A Combined GNSS/UMTS Receiver Architecture for User Equipment Positioning (2006)

This paper introduces a combined GNSS/UMTS receiver architecture. After a review of the state-of-the-art, a configurable GNSS/UMTS architecture is proposed. The investigated concept is based on a reconfigurable receive chain to prevent duplication of hardware, which will result in considerably lower costs. The biggest challenge in the design of Galileo receivers are the extremely right noise figure (NF) requirements. Another key issue of integrated GNSS/UMTS receivers is the maximum tolerable UMTS transmit leakage injected into the Galileo receiver
Up-Regulated Pancreatic Tissue MicroRNA-375 Associates With Human Type 2 Diabetes Through β-Cell Deficit and Islet Amyloid Deposition (2010)

Up-regulated microRNA-375 is associated with type 2 diabetes and pancreatic islet amyloid formation and beta-cell deficit. microRNA-375 may serve as a biomarker for known and novel pathways in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes related to islet amyloid deposition and beta-cell dysfunction.
Complications of Particle Embolization of Meningiomas: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcome: Fig 1. (2009)

In this series, particle embolization of meningiomas had a complication rate of 5.6%. We believe that the use of small polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles (45-150 microm) should be discouraged.
Cloud Based Secure and Privacy Enhanced Authentication & Authorization Protocol (2013)

Cloud computing is an emerging computing model which facilitates organizations and the IT industry. It helps them to multiply or lessen their resources according to their operational requirements. However, the organizations are reluctant to store their sensitive information on the cloud due to various privacy and identity tracking threats. In the past few years, a lot of research and development efforts have been made to define centralized and federated security mechanisms for the protection of identity information in a cloud environment. However, to the best of our knowledge none of the systems have been designed keeping anonymity as the key component. This paper describes an authentication and authorization protocol which outlines the main features of anonymous communication in the cloud. The solution is an extension of existing standards making it easy to integrate and compatible with existing standards.
Metastatic behavior of tumor cells isolated from primary and metastatic human colorectal carcinomas implanted into different sites in nude mice. (1986)

The purpose of these studies was to examine the growth characteristics and metastatic behavior of freshly isolated human colorectal carcinomas implanted into athymic nude mice. Four tumor lines were derived from primary colorectal carcinomas, three lines from hepatic metastases, and one line from a metastasis to a mesenteric lymph node. Subsequent to implantation into the subcutis or the muscularis, tumor lines derived from metastases grew faster in the nude mice than did cells isolated from the primary neoplasms. Regardless of the source of the cells, however, little or no visceral organ metastasis was found. Subsequent to i.v. injection, experimental lung colonies could be produced by some of the cells, but there was no correlation between lung tumor colony formation and the origin of the human colorectal cells. The intrasplenic injection of colorectal carcinoma cells provided a useful procedure to identify human colorectal carcinoma cells with metastatic potential to liver. Extensive tumor burdens in the liver were observed as early as 30 days after injection with two of the three liver metastasis-derived tumor lines. No liver metastases were found after the intrasplenic injection of cells isolated from the lymph node-derived tumor line. Ninety days after the intrasplenic injection of cells from the four primary colorectal carcinomas, limited liver metastases were observed. We conclude that metastasis of human colorectal carcinomas can be studied in nude mice, and its outcome depends upon both the intrinsic metastatic capacity of the human tumor cells and the organ environment of implantation.