gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Linked Thermoresponsive Anionic Polymer-Grafted Surfaces To Separate Bioactive Basic Peptides (2003)

Cross-linked, thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-N-tert-butylacrylamide) [poly(IPAAm-co-AAc-co-tBAAm)] thin hydrogel layers on silica beads were used as new column matrix modifiers for LC separation of basic bioactive peptides, angiotensin subtypes I, II, and III. Terpolymer poly(IPAAm-co-AAc-co-tBAAm) showed both phase transition and apparent carboxylate pKa shifts in water, depending on temperature. Polymer-grafted silica bead surfaces exhibited simultaneous thermally modulated changes in hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties and charge densities. More effective separation of angiotensin peptide subtypes was achieved on columns of these terpolymer thin hydrogel grafted surfaces, as compared to an uncharged control binary copolymer of IPAAm and tBAAm. Although hydrophobic interactions effect separation of angiotensin subtypes, combined electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction resulted in more pronounced retention. At temperature below the terpolymer phase transition, hydrophobic interactions predominated, and minimal changes in electrostatic interactions were supported by little shift in the apparent AAc carboxylate pKa values. Above the phase transition temperature, electrostatic interactions were dramatically reduced as a result of the decreased charge densities of the polymer grafted surfaces. Therefore, peptide retention times were also reduced, exhibiting a maximum at near 30-35 degrees C. Interestingly, column retention behavior of angiotensins is dramatically modulated by applied step temperature gradients. Thermoresponsive surface property alteration is a very rapid, reversible phenomenon, allowing step temperature gradients on thermoresponsive columns to enable the analogous performance advantages as gradient elution in reversed-phase HPLC. More importantly, injected peptides were recovered completely from the columns from calculation of peak area. In conclusion, these anionic thermoresponsive polymer-modified surfaces are good candidates for improved separation of bioactive peptides under exclusively aqueous conditions.
Structural Aspects of Antibodies and Antibody‐Antigen Complexes (2007)

The structures of several Fab fragments and Fab-antigen complexes have now been solved at high resolution. These structures of antibodies in complex with proteins, peptides and various other haptens have enabled us to gain insights into the structural basis of immune recognition. Early structures of Fab fragments with and without bound haptens showed the antibody combining sites to be pockets or grooves. More recent Fab-protein complex structures have shown the antibody-antigen interactions to be more extensive with flatter, more undulating binding surfaces. We have solved the structures of three Fab fragments in their native form and as complexes with their respective antigens. Two of these are anti-peptide Fab fragments, the other an anti-progesterone Fab. Comparison of the free and bound structures indicates small but significant changes in the antibody on ligand binding. An analysis of the Fab complexes solved so far indicates that the antibodies can have very differently shaped binding sites, depending on the antigen.
Postsynaptic Action of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Attenuates α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Responses in Hippocampal Interneurons (2008)

Nicotinic mechanisms acting on the hippocampus influence attention, learning, and memory and constitute a significant therapeutic target for many neurodegenerative, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Here, we report that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (1-100 ng/ml), a member of the neurotrophin gene family, rapidly decreases alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor responses in interneurons of the hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum. Such effect is dependent on the activation of the TrkB receptor and involves the actin cytoskeleton; noteworthy, it is compromised when the extracellular levels of the endogenous neuromodulator adenosine are reduced with adenosine deaminase (1 U/ml) or when adenosine A(2A) receptors are blocked with SCH 58261 (2-(2-furanyl)-7-(2-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine) (100 nm). The intracellular application of U73122 (1-[6[[(17beta)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) (5 mum), a broad-spectrum inhibitor of phospholipase C, or GF 109203X (bisindolylmaleimide I) (2 mum), a general inhibitor of protein kinase C isoforms, blocks BDNF-induced inhibition of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function. Moreover, in conditions of simultaneous intracellular dialysis of the fast Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA (10 mm) and removal of extracellular Ca(2+) ions, the inhibitory action of BDNF is further prevented. The present findings disclose a novel target for rapid actions of BDNF that might play important roles on synaptic transmission and plasticity in the brain.
Centrifugal electrospinning of highly aligned polymer nanofibers over a large area (2012)

Well-ordered one-dimensional nanostructures are enabling important new applications in textiles, energy, environment and bioengineering owing to their unique and anisotropic properties. However, the production of highly aligned nanofibers in a large area remains a significant challenge. Here we report a powerful, yet economical approach that integrates the concepts of the parallel-electrode electrospinning with centrifugal dispersion to produce nanofibers with a high degree of alignment and uniformity at a large scale. We first demonstrated this approach with polyvinylidene fluoride to show how experimental parameters regulate fiber properties, and then with chitosan, a natural polymer, and polyethylene oxide, a synthetic polymer, to illustrate the versatility of the system. As a model application, we then demonstrated the significance of fiber alignment in improving the piezoelectric effect for voltage generation. The technique presented here may be used for mass production of aligned nanofibers of various polymers for a myriad of applications.
Comparison of optoacoustic tomography with ultrasound and x-ray imaging for breast cancer detection (2001)

This paper is devoted to comparison new optoacoustic tomography with conventional breast tumors diagnostic techniques such as ultrasonography and X-ray radiography. Experiments were performed in phantoms simulating breast with tumors. The fundamental harmonic of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) was used to generate optoacoustic pressure waves. Laser induced pressure waves were detected by a wide-band acoustic transducer. Digital oscilloscope controlled by PC was used to store and process optoacoustic signals. Gelatin phantoms with controlled optical parameters were prepared to simulate breast with tumors. Absorbing volumes colored with naphthol green and hemoglobin were embedded in the gelatin phantoms to model the breast tumors with increased optical absorption. Optoacoustic pressure waves form the phantoms were detected at different angles and 2D images were reconstructed. Comparison of optoacoustic images with images obtained with ultrasound and X-ray techniques proved that optoacoustic method has substantially higher contrast and resolution. Obtained results confirm that laser optoacoustic imaging technique can be an important tool for early breast cancer detection with tumors less than 5 mm in diameter.
Use of pressure insoles to compare in-shoe loading for modern running shoes (2008)

The primary objective of this paper was to compare in-shoe loading for different models of running shoe using measurements of force distribution. It was hypothesised that a shoe designed with minimal focus on cushioning would demonstrate significantly higher peak forces and rates of loading than running shoes designed with cushioning midsoles. Loading was compared using in-shoe peak forces for six footwear conditions. It was found that peak rate of loading at the heel provided clear distinctions between shoes. In support of the study hypothesis, the shoe with minimal focus on cushioning had a significantly higher rate of loading than all but one of the other test shoes. Data collected for midfoot and forefoot areas of the foot highlighted the importance of considering loading across the foot surface. The results of the present study demonstrate that pressure insoles provide a useful tool for the assessment of loading across the foot plantar surface for different footwear conditions. There are numerous models of running shoe for individuals to select from, with limited information available regarding the performance of the shoes during running. The current study demonstrates differences in loads across the foot plantar surface during running, indicating differences in performance for different footwear models.
Changes in intracellular localization of proteasomes in immortalized ovarian granulosa cells during mitosis associated with a role in cell cycle control. (1993)

We describe the isolation and characterization of proteasomes from recently established immortalized ovarian granulosa cell lines and their intracellular distribution during mitosis and during cAMP-induced differentiation, as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy. In interphase, proteasomes were localized in small clusters throughout the cytoplasm and the nuclear matrix. In prophase, a substantial increase in proteasomal staining was observed in the perichromosomal area. A dramatic increase occurred in metaphase and in early anaphase; the chromosomes remained unstained. In late anaphase, intensive staining remained associated mainly with the spindle fibers. In telophase and early interphase of the daughter cells, intensive staining of proteasomes persisted in the nuclei. In contrast, in cells stimulated to differentiate by forskolin, which substantially elevates intracellular cAMP in these cell lines, only a weak staining of proteasomes was revealed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Double staining of nondividing cells with antibodies to proteasomes and to tubulin did not show colocalization of proteasomes and microtubules. In contrast, dividing cells show a preferential concentration of proteasomes around spindle microtubules during metaphase and anaphase. The observed spatial and temporal distribution pattern of proteasomes during mitosis is highly reminiscent of the behavior of cyclins [Pines, J. & Hunter, T. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 115, 1-17]. Since proteasome accumulation appears to coincide with disappearance of cyclins A and B1 from the spindle apparatus, it is suggested that proteasomes may play a role in termination of mitosis by degrading the cyclins, which act as regulatory elements.
An electrical approach to monitor wire and cable thermal oxidation aging condition based on carbon black filled conductive polymer composite (2004)

Abstract Polymeric materials are widely used as insulation and jacketing materials in wire and cable. When such materials are used for long‐term applications, they undergo thermal oxidation aging in the environment. It is necessary to develop an in situ and nondestructive condition monitoring (CM) method to follow the aging of cable materials. The main objective of this work was to investigate low‐density polyethylene/carbon black (LDPE/CB) conductive polymer composites as potential sensor materials for this purpose. LDPE/CB composites with a carbon black loading below the percolation threshold underwent accelerated thermal oxidation aging experiments. The results indicated that the substantial resistivity decreases of the LDPE/CB composites could be directly related to the increases in volume fraction of the conductive carbon black, which was mainly caused by the mass loss of polymer matrix and sample shrinkage during the thermal oxidation aging process. Compared to existing CM method based on density change, the electrical resistivity is more explicit regarding its absolute changes throughout the thermal oxidation aging. The change in resistivity spanned over four orders of magnitude, whereas the composite density only increased 10%. The results offer strong evidence that resistivity measurements, which reflect property changes under thermal aging conditions, could represent a very useful and nondestructive CM approach as well as a more sensitive method than density CM approach. Crystallinity changes in materials investigated by modulated DSC and TGA measurements indicated deterioration of crystalline regions in polymer during the thermal oxidation aging. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 513–520, 2004
The Impact of Biopsy on Human Embryo Developmental Potential during Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (2016)

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening (PGD/PGS) for monogenic diseases and/or numerical/structural chromosomal abnormalities is a tool for embryo testing aimed at identifying nonaffected and/or euploid embryos in a cohort produced during an IVF cycle. A critical aspect of this technology is the potential detrimental effect that the biopsy itself can have upon the embryo. Different embryo biopsy strategies have been proposed. Cleavage stage blastomere biopsy still represents the most commonly used method in Europe nowadays, although this approach has been shown to have a negative impact on embryo viability and implantation potential. Polar body biopsy has been proposed as an alternative to embryo biopsy especially for aneuploidy testing. However, to date no sufficiently powered study has clarified the impact of this procedure on embryo reproductive competence. Blastocyst stage biopsy represents nowadays the safest approach not to impact embryo implantation potential. For this reason, as well as for the evidences of a higher consistency of the molecular analysis when performed on trophectoderm cells, blastocyst biopsy implementation is gradually increasing worldwide. The aim of this review is to present the evidences published to date on the impact of the biopsy at different stages of preimplantation development upon human embryos reproductive potential.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Suicide Attempts in Mood Disorder Patients (2010)

The results suggest that inherited risk for suicide among mood disorder patients is unlikely to be the result of individual common variants of large effect. They nonetheless provide suggestive evidence for multiple loci, which merit further investigation.
trans versus geminal Electron Delocalization in Tetra- and Diethynylethenes: A New Method of Analysis (2002)

trans-Diethynylethene [(E)-hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne (1 a)], geminal-diethynylethene [3-ethynyl-but-3-ene-1-yne (1 b)], and tetraethynylethene [3,4-diethynyl-hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne (2)] are flexible molecular building blocks for pi-conjugated polymers with interesting electronic and photonic properties. The type of functionalization, the length of the polymer chain, and the choice of pi-conjugation pattern, play a crucial role in determining the properties of these compounds. To rationalize the impact of the different delocalization pathways in the various types of isomers (trans or geminal) on the molecular and electronic structure, a detailed theoretical investigation is presented. We develop a method based on the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of Weinhold, which allows one to correlate electron delocalization with molecular and electronic structure observables. The method reveals that the difference between trans (or through) and geminal (or cross) conjugation is not only due to the vertical pi conjugation, but also to the in-plane sigma hyperconjugation. The method is used to correlate the changes in molecular and electronic observables, such as the bond lengths or the absorption frequencies, with the electronic structure of the compounds under investigation. Moreover, this method allows us to predict how a certain substituent will affect the molecular structure and the electronic properties of a given backbone.
Concentration-Intensity Relationships in Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (1967)

Abstract Analytical applications of electrochemiluminescence are described. The peak intensity of luminescence, generated by application of an alternating current to solutions of 9,10-diphenylanthracene, varies linearly with concentration over the range 0.2 – 10 mM.
Look at in situ oil-shale retorting methods based on limited heat transfer contact surfaces (1968)

Mathematical analysis of in situ retorting of oil shale in deposits containing wells interconnected by vertical fractures is used for economic analysis of limited heat transfer surface systems. Hot gas is injected into the fracture to supply the necessary sensible heat and of retorting. The thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of the oil shale and endothermic heat losses due to chemical reaction were taken to be temperature-dependent. The vertical fractures were considered to be of finite height. Vertical conduction of heat into the zone above and below the fracture was not considered; however an estimate of the error resulting from this omission was made. The effects of temperature of the injected gas, injection rate, system geometry, cyclic injection, and time upon retorting efficiency were investigated. Results from this study show that the rate of retorting oil shale around the fracture is a direct function of both injection temperature and rate, and the theoretical air-oil ratio at the producing well is an inverse function of temperature. Retorting rates are constant until breakthrough of the 700/sup 0/F isotherm at the producing well, assuming constant injection parameters. Retorting rates for bounded systems are higher than the analogous unbounded systems and air-oil ratios aremore » less. The use of an alternating injection-soak routine with high injection rates is less efficient thancontinuous injection at lower rates. Heat transfer from vertical fractures should be superior to that from systems of more limited areas such as those comprised entirely of well bores. Because of this, it is concluded that the economics of in situ processes using even more limited surface areas would be uneconomical. This work supports the conclusion that in situ oil shale retorting research should be directed toward processes conducted in multifractured or broken-up matrix systems.« less
The Importance of Rare Subtypes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy (2015)

Recognition of rare localizations of peripheral neuropathy is essential given the implications for diagnostic testing and treatment. Electrodiagnostic studies are an important early step in the diagnostic evaluation and provide information on the localization and pathophysiology of nerve injury.
Current Phenomenological Know-How and Modeling of Emulsion Inversion (2000)

This paper encompasses classic trends as well as recent advances in the understanding of emulsion inversion phenomena. The generalized formulation issue is first discussed from hydrophilic−lipophilic balance to the most recent concepts. The so-called standard inversion line on the formulation−composition map exhibits several branches, referred to as transitional and catastrophic inversions, that bound normal and abnormal emulsion regions. Dynamic inversion is also discussed with its hysteresis zones, where both types of emulsions may be attained, depending upon the system's previous history of the formulation−composition map. Recent findings are reported concerning the effect of variables with practical relevance (i.e., stirring energy, viscosity of phases, surfactant concentration, and partitioning) on the standard and dynamic inversion patterns. State-of-the-art emulsion inversion modeling is briefly discussed.
Adipose Tissue Protocols (2008)

Overview of Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Gema Fruhbeck Choosing an Adipose Tissue Depot for Sampling: Factors in Selection and Depot Specificity Louis Casteilla, Luc Penicaud, Beatrice Cousin, and Denis Calise Application of Imaging and Other Non-invasive Techniques in Determining Adipose Tissue Mass Wei Shen and Jun Chen Generation of Adipose Tissue-Specific Transgenic Mouse Models Xian-Cheng Jiang Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue Ebba Brakenhielm and Yihai Cao Adipose Organ Nerves Revealed by Immunohistochemistry Antonio Giordano, Andrea Frontini and Saverio Cinti Human Adipose Tissue Blood Flow and Micromanipulation of Human Subcutaneous Blood Flow Gijs H. Goossens and Fredrik Karpe Studies of Thermogenesis and Mitochondrial Function in Adipose Tissues Barbara Cannon and Jan Nedergaard Application of Lipidomics and Metabolomics to the Study of Adipose Tissue Ismo Mattila, Tuulikki Seppanen-Laakso, Tapani Suortti, and Matej Oresic Applications of Proteomics to the Study of Adipose Tissue Sonja Hess and Xiaoli Chen Application of DNA Microarray to the Study of Human Adipose Tissue/Cells Paska A. Permana, Saraswathy Nair, and Yong-Ho Lee Differentiation of Adipose Stem Cells Bruce A. Bunnell, Bradley T. Estes, Farshid Guilak, and Jeffrey M. Gimble Methods That Resolve Different Contributions of Clonal Expansion to Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 Cells Colin R Jefcoate, Suqing Wang and Xueqing Liu Explant Cultures of White Adipose Tissue Sebastien Thalmann, Cristiana E.Juge-Aubry and Christoph A. Meier Isolation and Culture of Preadipocytes from Rodent White Adipose Tissue Dorothy B. Hausman, Hea Jin Park and Gary J. Hausman Flow Cytometry on the Stromal-Vascular Fraction of White Adipose Tissue Danett K. Brake and C. Wayne Smith Application of Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to the Study of Transcription in Adipose Cells Melina M. Musri, Ramon Gomis and Marcelina Parrizas Application of RNAi Techniques to Adipose Cell Cultures Shigeki Shimba RNA Isolation and Real-time Quantitative RT-PCR Haiyan Guan and Kaiping Yang Study of Adipose TissueGene Expression by In Situ Hybridization Michel Grino Application of Immunocytochemistry and Immunofluorescence Techniques to Adipose Tissue and Cell Cultures Daniela Malide Determination of Lipolysis in Isolated Primary Adipocytes Srikant Viswanadha and Constantine Londos Study of Glucose Uptake in Adipose Cells Jun Shi and Konstantin V. Kandror Measurement of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Its Products to Study Adipogenic Signal Transduction Alexander Sorisky and AnneMarie Gagnon
Integration of nonlinear dielectric barium strontium titanate with polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet (1999)

Biaxially oriented nonlinear dielectric Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) films have been grown on polycrystalline ferrite yttrium iron garnet (YIG) substrates. We use a structurally and chemically compatible MgO buffer to improve the crystallinity of the BST on polycrystalline YIG substrates, where the biaxially oriented MgO is deposited by an ion-beam assisted-deposition technique. The biaxially oriented BST has a dielectric loss of less than 0.01 and a capacitance tunability of greater than 25% at a direct current bias voltage of 40 V at room temperature.
IBM's Enterprise Server for Java (1998)

IBM is exploiting Enterprise JavaBeans™ in a family of compatible Java™ application servers conforming to IBM's Enterprise Server for Java (ESJ) specification. The ESJ provides a common set of dynamic, adaptive system services to meet today's (and tomorrow's) middleware requirements. ESJ will provide a standard programming model and set of services across major server platforms so that implementations of ESJ are differentiated not by function but by quality of service. Finally, ESJ increases productivity by enabling programmers to focus on business logic rather than on infrastructure details. This paper introduces the design of ESJ, including the attributes of the common execution environment, its interaction with other middleware, and its client/server capabilities. It provides an appreciation of the value of ESJ to application developers as a means of achieving cross-platform consistency, lower costs, and faster time to market. It also outlines the features that make ESJ the server technology base for wide-scale reuse through the “write once, run anywhere” promise of Java.