gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Daflon 500 mg, a Flavonoid Drug, on Neurological Signs, Levels of Free Radicals and Electroretinogram in the Gerbil after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (1995)

The effect of Daflon 500 mg1, purified, micronized flavonoid fraction (90% diosmin, 10% hesperidin) was studied on stroke index, levels of free radicals and electroretinography in the gerbil after ischemia-reperfusion injury. The drug was administered orally at doses of 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg, for 6 days before left carotid occlusion. Daflon 500 mg significantly reversed the increase of stroke index only at the dose of 100 mg/kg and significantly decreased levels of hydroxyl free radicals at all 3 doses with a maximum effectiveness for the dose of 100 mg/kg. Amplitude and latency of the b wave were disturbed after ischemia-reperfusion insult. Daflon 500 mg, 100 mg/kg for 6 days, significantly reversed these modifications. In conclusion, Daflon 500 mg could interact with hydroxyl free radicals, which have a deleterious effect in ischemic tissues, particularly in the retina.
Interferon system defects in malignant T-cells. (1994)

Deletions of chromosome 9p21-22 occur in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), melanoma and glioma. With some exceptions, these deletions include the alpha- and beta-interferon (IFN) genes. In this study, the frequency of alpha- and beta-IFN gene deletions was investigated in 17 T-cell lines, and losses of IFN genes were related to other aspects of the IFN system. Deletions of alpha-/beta-IFN genes were observed in 7/17 cell lines. In two cases the deletions were homozygous for both loci. In most cases aberrations of chromosome 9 were also apparent on cytogenetic analysis. An increased proportion (40% as compared to the expected 13%) of the remaining ten cell lines showed homozygosity for all five common polymorphic alpha-/beta-IFN markers, possibly implicating allelic deletion by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in some of these clones. The cell lines showed a large variability in IFN production, IFN-alpha receptor number, susceptibility to IFN measured as induction of the enzyme 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase and cell growth inhibition. No correlations between loss of IFN genes and IFN-producing capacity, or susceptibility to IFN, were found. Of the seven cell lines with a normal IFN-gene dosage and heterozygosity for the alpha- and beta-IFN genes, three had a deficiency in their IFN-producing capacity and one was also insensitive to growth inhibition by IFN. All IFN-producing cell lines predominantly produced beta-IFN.
TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CROSSLINKED POLYMERS (1985)

Abstract This review describes the current status of methods for characterizing the crosslink structure in network polymers. It is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the literature itself, but rather a critical survey of key papers in the field. It is hoped that this information will provide researchers with an up-to-date background of presently available techniques and suggest alternatives to more traditional methods of analysis.
Processing and performance of high density interconnect (HDI) PWB with laser microvias (2000)

Why do we need to supply microvias? New components, such as thin small outline packages (TSOPs), chip size packages (CSPs) and direct chip attachment (DCA) are forcing designers to create new layouts which challenge the fabricator to manufacture printed wiring boards (PWBs) with higher packaging densities, finer lines, smaller holes and blind vias to accommodate more functions on the interconnect structure. At the same time, continuous cost reduction is required by the OEM to meet the needs for lower-cost electronic equipment, forcing the PWB fabricator to improve manufacturing processes to meet the new cost and processing technologies and performance imperatives. This paper describes how the PWB fabricator can modernized the manufacturing processes to produce HDI PWBs using micro via-hole technology. It also shows how the key goals of retaining existing equipment, processes and people, combined with focused and dedicated investment strategy, were achieved. It also shares the practical experience obtained during the transition to HDI PWB manufacture and provides test data on the resulting manufacturing and product performance. The risks of venturing are minimized by a close relationships between PWB designers and fabricator.
Distribution of Hopanoid Triterpenes in Prokaryotes (1984)

Pentacyclic triterpenoids of the hopane family were found in about half of some 100 strains of prokaryotes belonging to diverse taxonomic groups, such a wide distribution indicating the biological significance of these compounds. Hopanoids were found in almost all the cyanobacteria and obligate methylotrophs examined, in all the purple non-sulphur bacteria studied and in many taxonomically diverse Gram-negative or Gram-positive chemohetero-trophs. They were absent in all archaebacteria and purple sulphur bacteria examined as well as in various other Gram-positive or Gram-negative genera. The C30 hopanoids, diploptene and diplopterol, are present in almost all hopanoid-containing prokaryotes. The major compounds are always the C35 bacteriohopanepolyols, which are present at a level of 0.1-2 mg per g dry weight, the most common one being bacteriohopanetetrol. Because of their structural characteristics and their influence on the properties of biological membrane models, these compounds might be the structural equivalents of the sterols found in eukaryotes.
Exploiting eye-hand coordination: A novel approach to remote manipulation (2013)

Eye movements play an essential role in planning and executing manual actions. Eye-hand coordination is a natural human skill. We exploit this skill for an intuitive remote manipulation system that allows even non-expert users to operate a robot safely without prior experience. Specifically, we propose a visio-haptic approach to controlling a 7-DOF robotic arm. Our system is fully mobile, allowing for unconstraint operation in any environment. An eyetracker captures the operator's gaze. The end effector or particular joints are selected by simply fixating the to-be-controlled segment. A sensor-equipped tangible object provides a haptic interface between the operator's hand and the focused part of the robotic arm. The system features two operation modes, direct joint rotation and 3d end effector control in a global cartesian frame. We evaluated the system in a proof-of-concept study with untrained users. The participants safely operated the robot and accomplished an obstacle avoidance task. For this purpose, they used both operation modes.
MICE: Multiple‐Peak Identification, Characterization, and Estimation (2006)

MICE--multiple-peak identification, characterization, and estimation--is a procedure for estimating a lower bound of the number of frequency peaks and for estimating the frequency peak parameters. The leading application is protein structure determination using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. NMR frequency data are multiple-peak data, where each frequency peak corresponds to two connected atoms in the three-dimensional protein structure. We analyze the NMR frequency data through a series of steps: a preliminary step for separating the signal from the background followed by identification of local maxima up to a noise-level-dependent threshold, estimation of the frequency peak parameters using an iterative algorithm, and detection of mixtures of peaks using hypothesis testing.
Performance of a non-blocking space-division packet switch in a time variant non-uniform traffic environment (1990)

The authors study the performance of a non-blocking space-division packet switch, which experiences nonuniform traffic intensities that also change as a function of time. A finite-state Markov chain is used as an underlying process to govern the time variation of traffic for the entire switch. The packet arrivals at each input form an independent Bernoulli process modulated by the underlying Markov chain. Also, the output address of each packet is independently and randomly assigned with probability distributions, which are gain modulated by the Markov chain. Provided that the traffic at each output is not dominated by individual inputs, it is shown that the service time of each input queue for sufficiently large switches can be characterized by an independent Markov-modulated phase-type process. A matrix geometric solution for the resultant quasi-birth-death-type queuing process is presented. The maximum throughput is obtained at the system saturation. The performance of the switch is numerically examined under various traffic conditions. A contention priority scheme is also proposed to improve the switch performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comprehensive genomic profiling of 295 cases of clinically advanced urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder reveals a high frequency of clinically relevant genomic alterations (2015)

Using a CGP assay capable of detecting all classes of GA simultaneously, an extraordinarily high frequency of CRGA was identified in a large series of patients with advanced UC. Cancer 2016;122:702-711. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide-based glass holey fiber (2004)

We report on the fabrication of the first bismuth-oxide-based glass holey fiber. We measured high nonlinearity of gamma ~ 460 W<sup>-1</sup>km<sup>-1</sup> at 1550 nm. Simulations predict anomalous dispersion at 1550 nm.
Fundamentals of Computer Engineering: Logic Design and Microprocessors (1988)

Number Systems and Representations Boolean Algebra Digital Design with Small-Scale Integrated Circuit Elements Combinational MSI Circuit Elements Sequential MSI Circuit Elements LSI Cicuit Elements Digital Circuit Design Life Cycle of a Digital System and Introduction to Microprocessor-Based Designs Microprocessor Software Concepts I Microprocessor Software Concepts II Microprocessor Hardware and Interfacing Concepts I Microprocessor Hardware and Interfacing Concepts II Other Microprocessor Topics.
Optically-detected NMR of optically-hyperpolarized 31P neutral donors in 28Si (2011)

The electron and nuclear spins of the shallow donor 31P are promising qubit candidates invoked in many proposed Si-based quantum computing schemes. We have recently shown that the near-elimination of inhomogeneous broadening in highly isotopically enriched 28Si enables an optical readout of both the donor electron and nuclear spins by resolving the donor hyperfine splitting in the near-gap donor bound exciton transitions. We have also shown that pumping these same transitions can very quickly produce large electron and nuclear hyperpolarizations at low magnetic fields, where the equilibrium electron and nuclear polarizations are very small. Here we show preliminary results of the measurement of 31P neutral donor NMR parameters using this optical nuclear hyperpolarization mechanism for preparation of the 31P nuclear spin system, followed by optical readout of the resulting nuclear spin population after manipulation with NMR pulse sequences. This allows for the observation of single-shot NMR signals with very high signal-to-noise ratio under conditions where conventional NMR is not possible, due to the low concentration of 31P and the small equilibrium polarization.
Anisotropic scatter patterns and anomalous birefringence of obliquely deposited cerium oxide films (1996)

Cerium oxide films formed by electron-beam evaporation onto oblique substrates are shown to scatter light strongly into spatially anisotropic distributions and to exhibit large normal-incidence birefringence Δ n = n(s) - n(p). The apparatus for direct recording of a useful projection of the scatter distributions is described. Characteristic differences in scatter patterns recorded for cerium oxide, relative to those from tilted columnar titania and zirconia films, are believed to be associated with unusual microstructures recorded for cerium oxide films by scanning electron microscopy. With increasing angle of deposition, the microstructure of cerium oxide was observed to change from densely packed columns to partially isolated needlelike columns at angles that do not obey the tangent rule. In particular, deposition at 55° yielded columns nearly perpendicular to the substrate, yet the normal-incidence birefringence was large. The retardation of the films was recorded as a function of angle of incidence for propagation in the deposition plane. A turning point near 0° incidence for the 55° film confirmed that one principal axis is perpendicular to the substrate. Significant bunching of columns into rows running perpendicular to the deposition plane was recorded by scanning electron microscopy and may account for both the scatter and the birefringence.
Analysis and Synthesis of Delay Line Periodic Filters (1957)

A periodic filter has a frequency characteristic which is periodic. Such filters can be constructed using delay lines where the delay of each line is the reciprocal of the basic frequency period. The network function of the periodic filter is characterized by the presence of the factors of the form <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e^{np\tau}</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> is a positive or negative integer, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tau</tex> is the delay of each delay line, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> is the complex frequency variable. Analysis and synthesis are simplified by use of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> transform which has been used with much success in the study of sampled data systems. A transformation of the filter network function is made by substituting <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e^{p\tau}</tex> . This substitution transforms the imaginary axis of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> plane into the central unit circle in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> plane. The properties of the periodic filter are now characterized by the poles and zeros of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -plane transform. A rational method is presented for synthesizing any <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -plane transform expressed as a rational fraction. Finally, the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -transform concept is used to analyze the behavior of periodic filters with pulsed inputs.
Phase continuous radar test set (2010)

A method of generating phase-continuous, coherent radar target returns is described which leverages existing Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Radio Frequency (RF) channel simulator technology. This hardware-in-the-loop system avoids the generation of unintentional spurious signals due to the discrete range steps typically utilized in traditional radar test sets. The time delay, Doppler, and amplitude variations are entirely phase continuous, replicating the true analog behavior of a real target return. Digital signal processing techniques are employed to interpolate the RF propagation and scattering effects. The interpolation smoothes the motion dynamics to ensure a pure analog signal return to the radar. The radar test set also provides physics-compliant Doppler characteristics by time domain expansion/compression of the modulation as well as the RF carrier. Often, Doppler is simply emulated with a shift in the carrier frequency only. Doppler shifts on the modulation result in degradations in radar signal processing such as pulse compression fidelity. Without properly imparting time domain expansion/compression, these degrading effects are not tested. Further, the radar test set provides correlated range/Doppler dynamic motion without discrete phase discontinuity artifacts enabling superior test performance.
The CRISPR-Associated Gene<i>cas2</i>of Legionella pneumophila Is Required for Intracellular Infection of Amoebae (2013)

Given that infection of amoebae is critical for L. pneumophila persistence in water systems, our data indicate that cas2 has a role in the transmission of Legionnaires' disease. Because our experiments were done in the absence of added phage, plasmid, or nucleic acid, the event that is facilitated by Cas2 is uniquely distinct from current dogma concerning CRISPR-Cas function.
Anilin Blue and Silver Nitrate for Staining Developing Insect Nerve Tissue (1976)

(1976). Anilin Blue and Silver Nitrate for Staining Developing Insect Nerve Tissue. Stain Technology: Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 206-208.
Periodic Leg Movement, L-Dopa, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, and L-Tryptophan (1987)

Periodic leg movement (PLM) or nocturnal myoclonus consists of repetitive, stereotypic discharges of varying intensity in the anterior tibialis muscles, resulting in extension of the big toe. The muscle discharges are generally bilateral but may randomly involve a single leg. Akpinar (1) has suggested that L-Dopa may be helpful in restless legs syndrome, a condition where PLMs are also noted during sleep; movements are worsened by a dopamine antagonist, pimozide. Our preliminary study investigates PLM in elderly subjects free of restless legs syndrome or other neurological disorder.
Targeting and function in mRNA export of nuclear pore complex protein Nup153. (1996)

Nup153 is a large (153 kD) O-linked glyco-protein which is a component of the basket structure located on the nucleoplasmic face of nuclear pore complexes. This protein exhibits a tripartite structure consisting of a zinc finger domain flanked by large (60-70 kD) NH2- and COOH-terminal domains. When full-length human Nup153 is expressed in BHK cells, it accumulates appropriately at the nucleoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope. Targeting information for Nup153 resides in the NH2-terminal domain since this region of the molecule can direct an ordinarily cytoplasmic protein, pyruvate kinase, to the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex. Overexpression of Nup153 results in the dramatic accumulation of nuclear poly (A)+ RNA, suggesting an inhibition of RNA export from the nucleus. This is not due to a general decline in nucleocytoplasmic transport or to occlusion or loss of nuclear pore complexes since nuclear protein import is unaffected. While overexpression of certain Nup153 constructs was found to result in the formation of unusual intranuclear membrane arrays, this structural phenotype could not be correlated with the effects on poly (A)+ RNA distribution. The RNA trafficking defect was, however, dependent upon the Nup153 COOH-terminal domain which contains most of the XFXFG repeats. It is proposed that this region of Nup153, lying within the distal ring of the nuclear basket, represents a docking site for mRNA molecules exiting the nucleus.
Fabrication of Refractive Index Profiles in Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) using Ultraviolet Rays Irradiation (2002)

We demonstrated that the refractive index of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) increased by simple ultraviolet rays irradiation. The index change, +1.0% was due to the change of chemical structure including elimination of the carbonyl group, followed by olefin formation, which were determined by Fourier-transform infrared rays and UV absorption spectra. A refractive index profile for 15-µm-thick PMMA was realized by irradiation for 4 h. Therefore, it is considered that the graded index (GI) profile of PMMA can be applied to microdevices such as a microspherical lens, single-mode waveguide and so on.
Bodycote Prize 2006: Best Technical/Scientific Paper Novel ceramic Ti–Si–C nanocomposite coatings for electrical contact applications (2007)

Nanocomposite coatings consisting of TiC nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous SiC matrix (nc-TiC/a-SiC) have been produced using magnetron sputtering from a Ti 3 SiC 2 target onto electrical contact components at a temperature below 300°C. The as deposited nanocomposites were employed as electrical contact materials. Results show that when contacted against Ag, they exhibit somewhat higher contact resistance than Ag against Ag, while preventing welding and potentially minimising wear. This is due to an adequate resistivity coupled with beneficial mechanical properties. The design of the nanoscale materials produced coatings with a relatively high nanoindentation hardness of 20 GPa, but with a ductile deformation behaviour. The ductility is explained by rotation and gliding of nc-TiC grains in the matrix. Therefore, the nanocomposite material can minimise problems with wear and welding while retaining low contact resistance. Consequently, this type of novel coating with appropriate mechanical properties offers a solution to problems in many electrical applications. Moreover, the use of physically vapour deposited coatings is promoted in some previously relatively unexploited areas of electrical contact applications.
In Pursuit of a Model (1971)

In this chapter, after attempting a definition of a model in the context of international relations theory, I shall review the models other than game theory at present in stock, that is, those that have been put forward or seem to be implicit in recent theoretical writings as capable of representing short-term international situations — crisis, conflict, negotiation, bargaining. First, then, for the definition. A model is a deductive system whose elements, and the relations between them, correspond to certain identified elements, and the relations between them, of the system under study (in this case the international system). All that is necessary to set up the model is to define the correspondences.
A model-based recognition of glossy objects using their polarimetrical properties (1987)

Abstract A model-based approach to recognition of glossy objects is presented. Normals of surface patches are obtained by analysing the polarizational state of the observed rays under illumination of light sources of circular polarization. The object is assumed to lie alone in its stable pose on the floor. Solid models are examined to find the one that matches the observed normals. First, a candidate model based on the relative angles between known surface normals is found. Then the translation so that the observed positions of surface normals coincide with those of models in the image is found. Some examples are also presented.
Activation of Neuropeptide FF Receptors by Kisspeptin Receptor Ligands (2010)

Kisspeptin is a member of the RFamide neuropeptide family that is implicated in gonadotropin secretion. Because kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling is implicated in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction, GPR54 ligands represent promising therapeutic agents against endocrine secretion disorders. In the present study, the selectivity profiles of GPR54 agonist peptides were investigated for several GPCRs, including RFamide receptors. Kisspeptin-10 exhibited potent binding and activation of neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFR1 and NPFFR2). In contrast, short peptide agonists bound with much lower affinity to NPFFRs while showing relatively high selectivity toward GPR54. The possible localization of secondary kisspeptin targets was also demonstrated by variation in the levels of GnRH release from the median eminence and the type of GPR54 agonists used. Negligible affinity of the reported NPFFR ligands to GPR54 was observed and indicates the unidirectional cross-reactivity between both ligands.