gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The long noncoding RNA lnc-EGFR stimulates T-regulatory cells differentiation thus promoting hepatocellular carcinoma immune evasion (2017)

Long noncoding RNAs play a pivotal role in T-helper cell development but little is known about their roles in Treg differentiation and functions during the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we show that lnc-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) upregulation in Tregs correlates positively with the tumour size and expression of EGFR/Foxp3, but negatively with IFN-γ expression in patients and xenografted mouse models. Lnc-EGFR stimulates Treg differentiation, suppresses CTL activity and promotes HCC growth in an EGFR-dependent manner. Mechanistically, lnc-EGFR specifically binds to EGFR and blocks its interaction with and ubiquitination by c-CBL, stabilizing it and augmenting activation of itself and its downstream AP-1/NF-AT1 axis, which in turn elicits EGFR expression. Lnc-EGFR links an immunosuppressive state to cancer by promoting Treg cell differentiation, thus offering a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Home Appliance Load Modeling From Aggregated Smart Meter Data (2014)

With recent developments in the infrastructure of smart meters and smart grid, more electric power data is available and allows real-time easy data access. Modeling individual home appliance loads is important for tasks such as non-intrusive load disaggregation, load forecasting, and demand response support. Previous methods usually require sub-metering individual appliances in a home separately to determine the appliance models, which may not be practical, since we may only be able to observe aggregated real power signals for the entire-home through smart meters deployed in the field. In this paper, we propose a model, named Explicit-Duration Hidden Markov Model with differential observations (EDHMM-diff), for detecting and estimating individual home appliance loads from aggregated power signals collected by ordinary smart meters. Experiments on synthetic data and real data demonstrate that the EDHMM-diff model and the specialized forward-backward algorithm can effectively model major home appliance loads.
A widefield fluorescence microscope with a linear image sensor for image cytometry of biospecimens: Considerations for image quality optimization (2015)

Linear image sensors have been widely used in numerous research and industry applications to provide continuous imaging of moving objects. Here, we present a widefield fluorescence microscope with a linear image sensor used to image translating objects for image cytometry. First, a calibration curve was characterized for a custom microfluidic chamber over a span of volumetric pump rates. Image data were also acquired using 15 μm fluorescent polystyrene spheres on a slide with a motorized translation stage in order to match linear translation speed with line exposure periods to preserve the image aspect ratio. Aspect ratios were then calculated after imaging to ensure quality control of image data. Fluorescent beads were imaged in suspension flowing through the microfluidics chamber being pumped by a mechanical syringe pump at 16 μl min(-1) with a line exposure period of 150 μs. The line period was selected to acquire images of fluorescent beads with a 40 dB signal-to-background ratio. A motorized translation stage was then used to transport conventional glass slides of stained cellular biospecimens. Whole blood collected from healthy volunteers was stained with 0.02% (w/v) proflavine hemisulfate was imaged to highlight leukocyte morphology with a 1.56 mm × 1.28 mm field of view (1540 ms total acquisition time). Oral squamous cells were also collected from healthy volunteers and stained with 0.01% (w/v) proflavine hemisulfate to demonstrate quantifiable subcellular features and an average nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio of 0.03 (n = 75), with a resolution of 0.31 μm pixels(-1).
A New Device to Estimate V˙O2 during Incline Walking by Accelerometry and Barometry (2009)

VO2 during walking on various inclines can be precisely estimated by using the device equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and a barometer.
Receiver allocation in photonic bus networks (2003)

Photonic bus networks (PBNets) consist of a linear multihop structure interconnected in a dual unidirectional bus virtual topology using point-to-point optical channels. An analytic model is adapted for predicting the individual station delay of a PBNet where additional receivers have been assigned using the algorithms given by Todd et al. (1991). It has been found that the model works exceedingly well under all the cases considered. The success of the model is attributed to the fact that receiver allocation tends to reduce correlations in the flow of packets along the bus. As a result, the independence assumptions used in the model are more realistic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of a Leucine Analogue on Incorporation of Glycine into the Proteins of Explanted Chick Embryos (1958)

ABSTRACT Amino acid analogues have been observed to give rise to abnormal forms of development of chick and amphibian embryos (Herrmann, 1953; Rothfels, 1954; Waddington & Sirlin, 1954; Feldman & Waddington, 1955; Herrmann, Rothfels-Konigsberg, & Curry, 1955). Assuming that these disturbances may be due to interference with the utilization of amino acids for protein formation, we have attempted an analysis of this effect by comparison of the protein contents and of the uptake of glycine into the proteins of chick embryo explants in the presence and absence of amino acid analogues. The results of such experiments are reported in this paper.
Lack of ras mutations and prediction of long-term survival in carcinoma of the colon. (1992)

Ras oncogene mutations are found in a significant number of human colonic carcinomas. Correlation between patient survival and ras mutations was explored and compared with other clinical parameters. Colonic carcinoma embedded in paraffin was subjected to the polymerase chain reaction using primers to amplify codon 12 of the K-ras oncogene. Oligonucleotide probes to six mutations were used to identify mutated genes. A total of 71 cases were successfully amplified. Some 54% of the cases had mutations. There was no correlation between presence of a mutation and age. Patients in Stage D, patients with a family history of carcinoma, and males have a greater incidence of ras mutations. Patients in Stage C had a lower incidence of mutations. Presence of the mutation did not correlate with decreased survival except in Stage D. Some 61% of long-term survivors with colon carcinoma living for more than 6 yr had ras mutations. The absence of K-ras mutations did not identify long-term survivors.
The metabolic fate of 13N-labeled ammonia in rat brain. (1979)

13N-labeled ammonia was used to study the cerebral uptake and metabolism of ammonia in conscious rats. After infusion of physiological concentrations of [13N]ammonia for 10 min via one internal carotid artery, the relative specific activities of glutamate, glutamine (alpha-amino), and glutamine (amide) in brain were approximately 1:5:400, respectively. The data are consistent with the concept that ammonia, entering the brain from the blood, is metabolized in a small pool of glutamate that is both rapidly turning over and distinct from a larger tissue glutamate pool (Berl, S., Takagaki, G., Clarke, D.D., and Waelsch, H. (1962) J. Biol. Chem. 237, 2562-2569). Analysis of 13N-metabolites, after infusion of [13N]ammonia into one lateral cerebral ventricle, indicated that ammonia entering the brain from the cerebrospinal fluid is also metabolized in a small glutamate pool. Pretreatment of rats with methionine sulfoximine led to a decrease in the label present in brain glutamine (amide) following carotid artery infusion of [13N]ammonia. On the other hand, 13N activity in brain glutamate was greater than that in the alpha-amino group of glutamine, i.e. following methionine sulfoximine treatment the expected precursor-product relationship was observed, indicating that the two pools of glutamate in the brain were no longer metabolically distinct. The amount of label recovered in the right cerebral hemisphere, 5 s after a rapid bolus injection of [13N]ammonia via the right common carotid artery, was found to be independent of ammonia concentration within the bolus over a 1000-fold range. This finding indicates that ammonia enters the brain from the blood largely by diffusion. In normal rats that were killed by a freeze-blowing technique 5 s after injection of an [13N]ammonia bolus, approximately 60% of the label recovered in brain had already been incorporated into glutamine, indicating that the t1/2 for conversion of ammonia to glutamine in the small pool is in the range of 1 to 3 s or less. The data emphasize the importance of the small pool glutamine synthetase as a metabolic trap for the detoxification of blood-borne and endogenously produced brain ammonia. The possibility that the astrocytes represent the anatomical site of the small pool is considered.
On autocorrelation equations as applied to speech analysis (1973)

The mathematical theory underlying one of the techniques currently being used in linear prediction of speech is developed from an inner product formulation. This formulation produces a unified framework for studying the properties of autocorrelation equations. In particular, the solution and stability of the auto-correlation equations are studied in detail. Experimental stability results for finite word length analysis of speech are also presented.
A fast, sensitive, room-temperature graphene nanomechanical bolometer (2018)

Bolometers are a powerful and vital means of detecting light in the IR to THz frequencies, and they have been adopted for a range of uses from astronomical observation to thermal imaging. As uses diversify, there is an increasing demand for faster, more sensitive room-temperature bolometers. To this end, graphene has generated interest because of its miniscule heat capacity and its intrinsic ultra-broadband absorption, properties that would allow it to quickly detect low levels of light of nearly any wavelength. Yet, graphene has disappointed its expectations in traditional electrical bolometry at room temperature, because of its weakly temperature-dependent resistivity and exceptionally high thermal conductivity. Here, we overcome these challenges with a new approach that detects light by tracking the resonance frequency of a graphene nanomechanical resonator. The absorbed light heats up and thermally tensions the resonator, thereby changing its frequency. Using this approach, we achieve a room-temperature noise-equivalent power of 7 pW/Hz^1/2, a value 100 times more sensitive than electrical graphene bolometers, and speeds (1.3 MHz) that greatly surpass state-of-the-art microbolometers.
the chemistry of the dinsmore process for the manufacture of coal gas (1890)

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Violence (2016)

Australian democracy is largely defined by the character and function of the country’s political economy incorporated in the existing neoliberal corporate security state. Violence is built in a hegemonic order characterized by the concentration of private power and wealth, the commodification of people and nature, the construction and manipulation of antagonisms and enemies, and the politics of fear as a US client state. Australian politics is conducted as a one-party state, a new authoritarianism by privileged elites. Democratization requires a clearly defined opposing hegemonic order, a radical democracy, and a counter-culture to the existing one. Its potential exists in progressive non-violent movements, parties, unions, and other formations struggling for a new political economy based on social, economic, and political equality.
Goblet Cells Secretion and Mucogenesis (1990)

In the final discussions of the last Ciba Symposium on Mucus and Mucosa (London, 1984), I voiced my impression that, in this gelatinous drama of mucus formation, several scripts were looking for characters, and some characters were looking for roles. Now, four years later, we have been able to locate a few of the missing characters and see them play their parts. Some, like the serous cell, are telling a potentially fascinating new story. A new polymer thread is being tentatively introduced into this already tangled scene of the mucus matrix (see review by Basbaum, this volume). Other cells, like goblet cells, are sticking to their old role of producing mucin, but are giving up some of their best-guarded secrets on how to store and release such gigantic molecules. We are also starting to realize that perhaps some charac­ ters can play not one, but several roles at the same time. For instance, mucous cells in vitro can not only produce mucin, but can also produce proteoglycans. Are we hearing the true scripts? Or is the culture shock, the isolation of these cells from their natural habitat, forcing them to play subsidiary roles? The whole picture of airway physiology is rapidly changing. Much remains to be learned, including perhaps the painful lesson that some of our most cherished passages in the old play are being swiftly rewritten. The mucosa of the airways is an organ. Its overall function results from the integrated action of several types of effector cells. Although the organ's
Lion metaphors in Chinese and English (2013)

This study intends to explore the cultural similarities and differences between the lion metaphors in Mandarin Chinese and British English. Most previous studies on animal metaphors focussed on the expressions with human beings as the target domain by collecting data either from questionnaires or dictionaries based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. This study, however, focusses on the expressions with non-humans as the target domains and is based on data collected from authoritative corpora. Three hundred and ninety-seven metaphorical expressions in Mandarin Chinese were identified from the Modern Chinese Corpus compiled by the Centre for Chinese Linguistics of Peking University (CCL Corpus) and 241 metaphorical expressions in British English were identified from the British National Corpus (BNC). After analysing the expressions from the perspective of the source domain and the target domain, the results show that first, the metaphorical expressions in Mandarin Chinese are mainly projected from the lion’s appearance to non-humans, but those in British English are mainly projected from the lion’s characteristics to non-humans. Second, the expressions are mainly mapped onto seven target domains in each language; four are the same. In addition, the dominant evaluation of the seven target domains in each language is mostly neutral. Third, ten conceptual metaphors were generalised from Mandarin Chinese and one from British English. All of these indicate the occurrence of cultural similarities as well as differences in the lion metaphors in the two languages.
Design, Synthesis, and Amplification of DNA Pools for In Vitro Selection (2009)

Preparation of a random-sequence DNA pool is presented. The degree of randomization and the length of the random sequence are discussed, as is synthesis of the pool using a DNA synthesizer or via commercial synthesis companies. Purification of a single-stranded pool and conversion to a double-stranded pool are presented as step-by-step protocols. Support protocols describe determination of the complexity and skewing of the pool, and optimization of amplification conditions.
Efficient guaranteed disk i/o performance management (2010)

Guaranteed I/O performance is needed for a variety of applications ranging from real-time data collection to desktop multimedia to large-scale scientific simulations. Reservations on throughput, the standard measure of disk performance, fail to effectively manage disk performance due to the orders of magnitude difference between best-, average-, and worst-case response times, allowing reservation of only a small fraction of the achievable bandwidth. Moreover, hard I/O performance guarantees for a mix of workloads are generally considered impractical due to the stateful nature of disk I/O and the interference between workloads. 
We present a solution for hard I/O performance guarantees for a mix of workloads with different performance and timeliness requirements without sacrificing performance. This is achieved by reserving and managing disk resources in terms of disk time utilization. Our novel disk I/O scheduler, Fahrrad, makes hard guarantees on disk time utilization reservation while maintaining high I/O performance. We characterize and quantify all overheads introduced by seeks between competing workloads, and introduce a new method for quantifying, reserving, and accounting for these overheads to provide complete isolation between workloads. The resulting system provides virtual to clients, providing the illusion of solo access to a disk with exactly the desired performance. Moreover, by making a simple translation from workload performance requirements and behaviors into the disk time utilization, our system provides arbitrary hard or soft throughput and latency guarantees depending upon application needs. 
Making hard performance guarantees for multiple disks require assumptions about the layout of data to make disk reservations. This often leads to poor utilization of disk resources, making it challenging to effectively manage performance of multiple disks We present a decentralized, multi-layered solution that locally manages individual disk resources and delivers soft throughput and latency targets without relying on disk reservations. By applying our principles of managing disk I/O in terms of disk time utilization, we develop a novel disk I/O scheduler, Horizon, which meets individual request deadlines while achieving high disk performance.
Tempering Kademlia with a Robust Identity Based System (2008)

The lack of a trusted authority, responsible for peers' identity verification or for authentication purposes, makes actual P2P systems extremely vulnerable to a large spectrum of attacks. The main purpose of this paper is to present Likir (layered identity-based Kademlia-like infrastructure), a framework that includes an identity-based scheme and a secure communication protocol, built on top of Kademlia, that may provide an effective defense against well known attacks. This will be accomplished with the adoption of a certification service, with the use of an authentication protocol between nodes and with the introduction of credentials to make non-repudiable the ownership of the contents and messages inserted in the DHT. For sake of interoperability with other social networking services, Likir enables identity management under the Identity 2.0 framework. Under this perspective, the IBS (identity-based signature) scheme is taken into consideration and analyzed as well.
Conformationally Constrained Nicotines. 1-Pyridinyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 1-Pyridinyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Analogues (1999)

Conformationally constrained bicyclo analogues of natural (−)-nicotine and unnatural (+)-nicotine have been synthesized from d- and l-glutamic acid, respectively. Regioselective addition of 3-lithiopyridine to the γ-carbonyl of a protected glutamate was followed by intramolecular imine formation and stereospecific catalytic hydrogenation of the resultant pyrroline to give cis-5-pyridinylproline. A sequence of transformations to convert the ester to bromide was followed by the key intramolecular anionic cyclization at the benzylic position to form the 1-pyridinyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane analogue. Alternatively, homologation of the ester of cis-5-pyridinylproline and conversion to bromide allowed cyclization to the 1-pyridinyl-7-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane analogues.
<i>Cis</i>-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (1977)

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) leads the series of platinum coordination complexes, a new class of cytotoxic agents. The antitumor and toxic effects of this drug are discussed. It has displayed encouraging results in testicular tumors. The drug's therapeutic effectiveness has also been recognized in a variety of other solid tumors, particularly ovarian, bladder, and head and neck malignancies. Gastrointestinal, renal, audiologic, and relatively minor hematologic toxicities may be encountered, but promising methods have been developed to increase the therapeutic index of DDP.
A differential high-speed digital CMOS buffer with hysteresis for improved noise immunity (2002)

A digital CMOS buffer circuit with a voltage transfer characteristic (VTC) with low threshold voltages, hysteresis, and high noise immunity is presented. The circuit is capable of restoring slow transition times and distorted input signals with a minimum delay penalty, offering high noise immunity to glitches induced either through capacitive coupling or from the power supply lines such as simultaneous switching noise (SSN). The high noise immunity of the proposed buffer circuit is achieved using a differential redundant circuit architecture.
Getting the sterics just right: a five-coordinate iridium trisboryl complex that reacts with C–H bonds at room temperature (2009)

Five-coordinate boryl complexes relevant to Ir mediated C-H borylations have been synthesized, providing a glimpse of the most fundamental step in the catalytic cycle for the first time.
GENOTYPES OF ALDH2 RELATED TO LIVER AND PULMONARY DISEASES AND OTHER GENETIC FACTORS RELATED TO ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE (1994)

Genetic factors related to the development of alcoholic liver and pancreatic diseases (ALD and APD) and of alcohol-induced asthma were analyzed. The development of ALD is genetically controlled and is directly associated with the polymorphisms of the genes of acetaldehyde (Ac-CHO) and ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) and cytochrome P4502E1. The development of ALD and APD may also be genetically linked with the induction of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GTT) by alcohol. Alcohol-induced asthma is related to the genotypes of ALDH2 and is caused by rapid elevation of blood Ac-CHO. ALDH1 plays a very important role in the oxidation of Ac-CHO in blood.