gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retention of membrane proteins by the endoplasmic reticulum. (1985)

We have used a monoclonal antibody specific for a hydrocarbon-induced cytochrome P450 to localize, by electron microscopy, the epitope-specific cytochrome P450. The cytochrome was found in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the nuclear envelope of hepatocytes. Significant quantities of cytochrome P450 were not found in Golgi stacks. We also could not find any evidence of Golgi-associated processing of the Asn-linked oligosaccharide chains of two well-characterized ER membrane glycoprotein enzymes (glucosidase II and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), or of the oligosaccharides attached to the bulk of the glycoproteins of the ER membrane. We conclude that these ER membrane proteins are efficiently retained during a process of highly selective export from this organelle.
Propeller Signatures and Their Use (1981)

The identification and use of the noise and vibration signatures of individual propellers, described herein, has provided a basis for rational advances in propeller-noise analysis and control. These signatures, or influence vectors, were used for 1) analytically determining optimum synchrophase angles and 2) diagnosing the specific paths—airborne and structure-borne—of the noise into the cabin. A number of significant conclusions are drawn from flight experiments in a Navy P-3C patrol aircraft. The results and techniques from this work are applicable to improving the passenger and crew comfort as well as equipment life in propeller-powered aircraft.
Very short term forecasting of the Global Horizontal Irradiance through Helioclim maps (2014)

To handle the increasing penetration rate of intermittent energies such as photo-voltaic power plants, grid managers require accurate forecasts of the primary resources. In this paper, we propose a new method to forecast the Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) up to 1 hour using HelioClim-3 maps as only inputs. HelioClim-3 maps are Solar Surface Irradiance (SSI) maps derived from geostationary satellite images through the Heliosat-2 method. We use a block matching algorithm to retrieve the motion vector field, allowing us to anticipate the future on site GHI values. The results were then corrected following a statistical post-processing step tuned on a training data set. The model has been tested on a one year data set acquired on the SIRTA site, Polytechnique campus, France. Besides the very promising performances of the proposed method compared to the persistence model, we extracted additional forecast information from the SSI maps like the minimum and maximum expected values, which enlighten the model's potential and limitations.
Using heavy-ion radiation to validate fault-handling mechanisms (1994)

Fault injection is an effective method for studying the effects of faults in computer systems and for validating fault-handling mechanisms. The approach presented involves injecting transient faults into integrated circuits by using heavy-ion radiation from a Californium-252 source. The proliferation of safety-critical and fault-tolerant systems using VLSI technology makes such attempts to inject faults at internal locations in VLSI circuits increasingly important.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Successful Implementation of Horizontal Open-Hole Gravel Packing in the Stybarrow Field, Offshore Western Australia (2008)

Abstract Key sandface completion challenges were faced in the selection, design, planning and execution phases of the open-hole horizontal gravel pack completions in the deepwater Stybarrow Field, offshore Western Australia. Only limited technical experience and infrastructure were available in country to support such a complex operation. Additionally, the lateral reservoir quality variations and challenging sand/shale heterogeneities have necessitated an early focus on appropriate reservoir drilling fluid design, detailed sand screen selection, and gravel pack modeling to minimize premature screen out during gravel packing and ensuring minimal formation damage. This paper documents the multidisciplinary approach that commenced during the field appraisal and data acquisition stages to derive the sand management plan and culminated in the successful implementation of four horizontal open-hole gravel packs. A novel reservoir drilling fluid design, extensive formation damage testing and the selection of the circulating gravel packing technique have led to the successful sand control implementation with pack factors in excess of 100%. Attention to detail during detailed design, extensive contingency planning and diligent execution were major contributing factors in delivering high quality wells capable of producing as per basis of well design proven by early production performance. The Stybarrow Development represents the first successful implementation of horizontal open-hole gravel packing in Australia.
Oxygen Incorporation during Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Epitaxial Silicon Films (1994)

We have studied the incorporation kinetics of oxygen during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of epitaxial silicon and silicon‐germanium layers at temperatures between 700 and 750°C. In this temperature range, the incorporation of oxygen into the growing film is a kinetically driven process and is not governed by equilibrium conditions. Oxygen concentrations exceeding the solid solubility for interstitial oxygen in silicon can be incorporated into the epitaxial layers. We determine an effective sticking probability for oxygen on the surface of silicon under CVD growth conditions and find it to be 100 times lower than that found in ultrahigh vacuum experiments. This reduction in sticking is due to both hydrogen surface coverage and boundary layer effects. We also have determined the maximum oxygen contamination level allowed in the gas stream for the CVD growth of low oxygen content silicon films.
Polynomial cancellation coding of OFDM to reduce intercarrier interference due to Doppler spread (2002)

Polynomial cancellation coding (PCC) is a coding method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in which the information to be transmitted is modulated onto weighted groups of subcarriers rather than onto individual subcarriers. It has previously been shown that PCC substantially reduces the sensitivity of OFDM to carrier frequency offset. In this paper, it is shown that PCC also reduces the intercarrier interference (ICI) due to Doppler spread. Results are presented for a frequency non-selective i.e. flat fading channel, subject to classical Doppler spread. By using weighted pairs of subcarriers the ICI due to Doppler spread can be reduced by approximately 15 dB. By using weighted groups of three subcarriers a further 15 dB reduction in ICI can be achieved.
A thin 3D-2D convertible integral imaging system using a pinhole array on a polarizer (2006)

A three-dimension(3D)/two-dimension(2D) convertible display system is proposed. The proposed system realizes a thin structure by adopting a pinhole array to generate point light sources for 3D display mode from a backlight source. The optical efficiency of 2D display mode is also enhanced using polarization control. By experiments, the proposed method was proven and compared with a previous one.
Glycosidases of Aspergillus niger (1969)

Preparations of (Y-and P-galactosidases and /3-N-acetylglucosaminidase of high specific activities have been prepared from a commercial enzyme source from Aspergillus niger.The enzymes were reasonably stable around their pH optima, which varied between 3.2 to 4.6.The K, and V,,, of the enzymes were determined by using appropriate &nitrophenyl glycosides as substrates.The enzymes were highly specific for the anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkage.The cr-galactosidase hydrolyzed methyl-cr-galactopyranoside, melibiose, raEmose, and stachyose, and split 37 to 40% of the total terminal 1,6-a-linked galactose residues from galactomannans from guar and locust bean.The P-galactosidase hydrolyzed methyl-P-galactopyranoside and lactose, and split 70 to 80% of the nonreducing terminal galactose residues from sialic acid-free fetuin, al-acid glycoprotein and and human chorionic gonadotropin.The P-N-acetylglucosaminidase liberated IV-acetylglucosamine from chitin oligosaccharides containing 2 to 6 residues.The enzyme removed 30 to 35% N-acetylglucosamine residues from ovalbumin glycopeptides and from sialic acid-free galactosidase-treated fetuin and al-acid glycoprotein.The sialic acid-free galactosidase-treated human chorionic gonadotropin lost 60% of its N-acetylglucosamine residues when treated with the enzyme.In our previous communications (1,2) we reported the purification and characterization of several glycosidases from Phaseolus vulgaris.These glycosidases are capable of hydrolyzing appropriate nonreducing terminal monosaccharide residues of carbohydrate units in glycoproteins.More recently, by the application of these glycosidases, the sequence of monosaccharides in the carbohydrate units of human chorionic gonadotropin has been determined (3).The present investigation was prompted by the fact that a readily available commercial preparation of Aspergillus niger hydrolyzed galactomannans of guar and locust bean, thus indicating the presence of glycosidases, particularly
Some Oral Poliovirus Vaccines Were Contaminated with Infectious SV40 after 1961 (2005)

Some polio vaccines prepared from 1954 to 1961 were contaminated with infectious SV40. It has been assumed that all polio vaccines were SV40 free in the United States after 1961 and in other countries after 1962. Following a WHO requirement that was prompted by the detection of SV40 in some human tumors, we conducted a multilaboratory study to test for SV40 polio vaccines prepared after 1961. Vaccine samples from 13 countries and the WHO seed were initially tested by PCR. The possible presence of intact and/or infectious SV40 DNA in PCR-positive samples was tested by transfection and infection of permissive CV-1 cells. All results were verified by immunohistochemistry, cloning, and sequencing. All the vaccines were SV40 free, except for vaccines from a major eastern European manufacturer that contained infectious SV40. We determined that the procedure used by this manufacturer to inactivate SV40 in oral poliovirus vaccine seed stocks based on heat inactivation in the presence of MgCl2 did not completely inactivate SV40. These SV40-contaminated vaccines were produced from early 1960s to about 1978 and were used throughout the world. Our findings underscore the potential risks of using primary monkey cells for preparing poliovirus vaccines, because of the possible contamination with SV40 or other monkey viruses, and emphasize the importance of using well-characterized cell substrates that are free from adventitious agents. Moreover, our results indicate possible geographic differences in SV40 exposure and offer a possible explanation for the different percentage of SV40-positive tumors detected in some laboratories.
SAR ADC architecture with 98% reduction in switching energy over conventional scheme (2013)

A high energy‐efficiency switching scheme for a successive approximation register (SAR) analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC) is presented. The proposed method can achieve 98.4% savings in switching energy when compared to a conventional SAR. The proposed technique also achieves a 4 × reduction in total capacitance used in the digital‐to‐analogue converter (DAC) compared to the conventional DAC.
Evolving Internet with Various Deficiencies (2007)

This essay attempts to expose a few issues of current internet by means of pinpointing its deficiencies and then suggest solutions for some of the exposed problems. Internet has been made feasible from development of many factors over time, and expected to evolve further. In spite of its development up to now and the optimistic expectation for its further evolution in the future, current internet has not yet evolved adequately enough to be a valuable companion to those seeking quality information, while swamped by immaterial chatting, e-mail and simple entertainments and threatened by uncertainties of both legal and security-related issues. Future internet must complement these shortcomings and this essay purports to examine them and then suggest directions to fill the deficiencies indicated.
Design Principles for Metal Oxide Redox Materials for Solar‐Driven Isothermal Fuel Production (2014)

The performance of metal oxides as redox materials is limited by their oxygen conductivity and thermochemical stability. Predicting these properties from the electronic structure can support the screening of advanced metal oxides and accelerate their development for clean energy applications. Specifically, reducible metal oxide catalysts and potential redox materials for the solar-thermochemical splitting of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O via an isothermal redox cycle are examined. A volcano-type correlation is developed from available experimental data and density functional theory. It is found that the energy of the oxygen-vacancy formation at the most stable surfaces of TiO<sub>2</sub>, Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, ZnO, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, MoO<sub>3</sub>, Ag<sub>2</sub>O, CeO<sub>2</sub>, yttria-stabilized zirconia, and three perovskites scales with the Gibbs free energy of formation of the bulk oxides. Analogously, the experimental oxygen self-diffusion constants correlate with the transition-state energy of oxygen conduction. A simple descriptor is derived for rapid screening of oxygen-diffusion trends across a large set of metal oxide compositions. These general trends are rationalized with the electronic charge localized at the lattice oxygen and can be utilized to predict the surface activity, the free energy of complex bulk metal oxides, and their oxygen conductivity.
Separation of human alveolar macrophages by flow cytometry (1997)

Alveolar macrophages (AM), which represent the major resident population of immunocompetent cells in the lower respiratory tract, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury in view of their exceptional capacity to release a large array of inflammatory mediators. The ex vivo analysis of these cells, accessible to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is hampered by the fact that, under conditions of respiratory failure, the AM pool is heavily expanded by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), which necessitates separation of these cell populations. In the present study, we describe a flow cytometric approach to sort human AM obtained from BAL samples of both healthy volunteers (n = 10) and patients with severe pneumonia demanding mechanical ventilation (n = 10), using forward scatter and high autofluorescence characteristics to discriminate AM from PMN and lymphocytes. This technique yielded highly purified AM populations (>95%) as evidenced by morphological analysis, cytochemistry, and CD71 and CD14 expression of the sorted cells. The flow sorting process, per se, did not induce the expression of the acute-phase cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in control AM as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha protein secretion were comparable in sorted and unsorted AM as demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We suggest flow sorting of viable human AM as an efficient and nonperturbing separation technique to yield highly purified cell populations especially from PMN-rich BAL fluids of critically ill patients.
${K}$-Space and Image-Space Combination for Motion-Induced Phase-Error Correction in Self-Navigated Multicoil Multishot DWI (2009)

Motion during diffusion encodings leads to different phase errors in different shots of multishot diffusion-weighted acquisitions. Phase error incoherence among shots results in undesired signal cancellation when data from all shots are combined. Motion-induced phase error correction for multishot diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been studied extensively and there exist multiple phase error correction algorithms. A commonly used correction method is the direct phase subtraction (DPS). DPS, however, can suffer from incomplete phase error correction due to the aliasing of the phase errors in the high spatial resolution phases. Furthermore, improper sampling density compensation is also a possible issue of DPS. Recently, motion-induced phase error correction was incorporated in the conjugate gradient (CG) image reconstruction procedure to get a nonlinear phase correction method that is also applicable to parallel DWI. Although the CG method overcomes the issues of DPS, its computational requirement is high. Further, CG restricts to sensitivity encoding (SENSE) for parallel reconstruction. In this paper, a new time-efficient and flexible k-space and image-space combination (KICT) algorithm for rigid body motion-induced phase error correction is introduced. KICT estimates the motion-induced phase errors in image space using the self-navigated capability of the variable density spiral trajectory. The correction is then performed in k -space. The algorithm is shown to overcome the problem of aliased phase errors. Further, the algorithm preserves the phase of the imaging object and receiver coils in the corrected k -space data, which is important for parallel imaging applications. After phase error correction, any parallel reconstruction method can be used. The KICT algorithm is tested with both simulated and in vivo data with both multishot single-coil and multishot multicoil acquisitions. We show that KICT correction results in diffusion-weighted images with higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps with better resolved fiber tracts as compared to DPS. In peripheral-gated acquisitions, KICT is comparable to the CG method.
Studies of Phenylethynyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine as mGluR5 Antagonists Using 3D-QSAR Method (2012)

In recent years, interest has been paid in development of compounds with high biological activity for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), an interesting therapeutic target in the treatment of cocaine seeking behaviour. In the present work, based on a data set of 84 I collected phenylethynyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine mGluR5 antagonists with diverse kinds of structures, a variety of in silico modeling I approaches including comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were carried out to reveal the requisite 3D structural features for activity. Present results show that both the optimal ligand-based CoMFA (Q(2) = 0.53, R-ncv(2) = 0.92, R-pre(2) = 0.80, SEE = 0.26, SEP = 0.44) and CoMSIA (Q(2) = 0.51, R-ncv(2) = 0.85, R-pre(2) = 0.80, SEE = 0.36, SEP = 0.42) models are reliable with proper predictive capacity. In addition, the analysis about the CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps shows that: (1) Electropositive groups in Ar substituent are beneficial to enhance the activity; (2) R substituent with HB acceptor also leads to high activity; (3) Bulky R and Ar substituents are not favoured in mGluR5; (4) R substituent with hydrophilic group can improve the biological activity. All these results might provide information for better understanding of the mechanism of antagonism and thus be helpful in design of new potent mGluR5 antagonists.
Adsorptive separation of Kr from N<sub>2</sub> — Part I Adsorbent screening studies (1984)

Abstract Results of a chromatographic study of the adsorption of N 2 and Kr on several molecular sieve adsorbents are reported. The objective was to find a suitable adsorbent for the removal of traces of radioactive Kr from the off‐gas from nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. Of the adsorbents examined, de‐aluminated H ‐mordenite shows the highest selectivity for Kr relative to N 2 and appears to be a promising adsorbent for this separation. The presence of traces of NO 2 , a likely impurity in the off‐gas, was found to suppress the adsorption of N 2 more than that of Kr, thereby increasing the separation factor (α ∼ 12). In most of the adsorbents investigated, intracrystalline diffusion was too fast to measure but for N 2 in H ‐mordenite, intracrystalline resistance was found to be significant and strongly dependent on the initial dehydration temperature.
Identification and Characterization of Epoxide Carboxylase Activity in Cell Extracts of <i>Nocardia corallina</i> B276 (1998)

The metabolism of aliphatic epoxides (epoxyalkanes) by the alkene-utilizing actinomycete Nocardia corallina B276 was investigated. Suspensions of N. corallina cells grown with propylene as the carbon source readily degraded propylene and epoxypropane, while suspensions of glucose-grown cells did not. The addition of propylene and epoxypropane to glucose-grown cells resulted in a time-dependent increase in propylene- and epoxypropane-degrading activities that was prevented by the addition of rifampin and chloramphenicol. The expression of alkene- and epoxide-degrading activities was correlated with the high-level expression of several polypeptides not present in extracts of glucose-grown cells. Epoxypropane and epoxybutane degradation by propylene-grown cell suspensions of N. corallina was stimulated by the addition of CO2 and inhibited by the depletion of CO2. Cell extracts catalyzed the carboxylation of epoxypropane to form acetoacetate in a reaction that was dependent on the addition of CO2, NAD+, and a reductant (NADPH or dithiothreitol). In the absence of CO2, epoxypropane was isomerized by cell extracts to form acetone at a rate approximately 10-fold lower than the rate of epoxypropane carboxylation. Methylepoxypropane was found to be a time-dependent, irreversible inactivator of epoxyalkane-degrading activity. These properties demonstrate that epoxyalkane metabolism in N. corallina occurs by a carboxylation reaction forming beta-keto acids as products and provide evidence for the involvement in this reaction of an epoxide carboxylase with properties and cofactor requirements similar to those of the four-component epoxide carboxylase enzyme system of the gram-negative bacterium Xanthobacter strain Py2 (J. R. Allen and S. A. Ensign, J. Biol. Chem. 272:32121-32128, 1997). The addition of epoxide carboxylase component I from Xanthobacter strain Py2 to methylepoxypropane-inactivated N. corallina extracts restored epoxide carboxylase activity, and the addition of epoxide carboxylase component II from Xanthobacter Py2 to active N. corallina extracts stimulated epoxide isomerase rates to the same levels observed with the purified Xanthobacter system. Antibodies raised against Xanthobacter strain Py2 epoxide carboxylase component I cross-reacted with a polypeptide in propylene-grown N. corallina extracts with the same molecular weight as component I but did not cross-react with glucose-grown extracts. Together, these results suggest a common pathway of epoxyalkane metabolism for phylogenetically distinct bacteria that involves CO2 fixation and the activity of a multicomponent epoxide carboxylase enzyme system.