gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatically driven micro elastic joints (2002)

An electrostatic actuator which can be applied to the joints of movable parts in a micro system was developed. An elastic plate (length: 105-520 /spl mu/m width: 13 /spl mu/m, thickness: 0.5-1.3 /spl mu/m) is bent by electrostatic force when a voltage of 40-100 V is applied The required voltage depends mainly on the initial curvature of the elastic plate. This curvature can be controlled by changing the thickness ratio of the Al and Ni layers, which are sandwiched together to comprise the elastic plate. It was found that the radius of curvature is mainly proportional to the thickness ratio (Ni thickness/Al thickness) in the range of 0.1 to 0.4, and that the gradient of its proportion is larger when the Al film is thicker. Control of the elastic film curvature also enables the fabrication of three dimensional mechanisms without handling or assembly.
Structure-Based Drug Design of Novel Aurora Kinase A Inhibitors: Structural Basis for Potency and Specificity (2009)

Aurora kinases have emerged as attractive targets for the design of anticancer drugs. Through structure-based virtual screening, novel pyrazole hit 8a was identified as Aurora kinase A inhibitor (IC(50) = 15.1 microM). X-ray cocrystal structure of 8a in complex with Aurora A protein revealed the C-4 position ethyl carboxylate side chain as a possible modification site for improving the potency. On the basis of this insight, bioisosteric replacement of the ester with amide linkage and changing the ethyl substituent to hydrophobic 3-acetamidophenyl ring led to the identification of 12w with a approximately 450-fold improved Aurora kinase A inhibition potency (IC(50) = 33 nM), compared to 8a. Compound 12w showed selective inhibition of Aurora A kinase over Aurora B/C, which might be due to the presence of a unique H-bond interaction between the 3-acetamido group and the Aurora A nonconserved Thr217 residue, which in Aurora B/C is Glu and found to sterically clash with the 3-acetamido group in modeling studies.
A fully automated, multistep flow synthesis of 5-amino-4-cyano-1,2,3-triazoles (2011)

Having demonstrated in the preceding publication the flow synthesis of aryl azides, we describe here a general protocol for the in-line purification of these versatile intermediates. As part of this investigation, we evaluated the use of ReactIR 45m as a tool for real-time detection of hazardous azide contaminants. This azide synthesis and purification process was then incorporated into a multistep flow sequence to generate a small collection of 5-amino-4-cyano-1,2,3-triazoles directly from aniline starting materials in a fully automated fashion.
Silence is liberating: Removing the handcuffs on grammatical expression in the manual modality. (1996)

Grammatical properties are found in conventional sign languages of the deaf and in unconventional gesture systems created by deaf children lacking language models. However, they do not arise in spontaneous gestures produced along with speech. The authors propose a model explaining when the manual modality will assume grammatical properties and when it will not. The model argues that two grammatical features, segmentation and hierarchical combination, appear in all settings in which one human communicates symbolically with another. These properties are preferentially assumed by speech whenever words are spoken, constraining the manual modality to a global form. However, when the manual modality must carry the full burden of communication, it is freed from the global form it assumes when integrated with speech--only to be constrained by the task of symbolic communication to take on the grammatical properties of segmentation and hierarchical combination.
Comparative effect of ALA derivatives on protoporphyrin IX production in human and rat skin organ cultures (1999)

Samples of human and rat skin in short-term organ culture exposed to ALA or a range of hydrophobic derivatives were examined for their effect on the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) measured using fluorescence spectroscopy. With the exception of carbobenzoyloxy-D-phenylalanyl-5-ALA-ethyl ester the data presented indicate that, in normal tissues, ALA derivatives generate protoporphyrin IX more slowly than ALA, suggesting that they are less rapidly taken up and/or converted to free ALA. However, the resultant depot effect may lead to the enhanced accumulation of porphyrin over long exposure periods, particularly in the case of ALA-methyl ester or ALA-hexyl ester, depending on the applied concentration and the exposed tissue. Addition of the iron chelator, CP94, greatly increased PpIX accumulation in human skin exposed to ALA, ALA-methyl ester and ALA-hexyl ester. The effect in rat skin was less marked.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor for the Early Prediction of Infarct Size (2013)

Plasma MIF levels are elevated in a high proportion of STEMI patients at the first obtainable sample and these levels are predictive of final infarct size and the extent of cardiac remodeling.
Frequency-induced phase-tunable polarization-entangled narrowband biphotons (2015)

Manipulating polarization entanglement of paired photons is always of great interest for understanding the quantum nature of photons and exploring their applications in quantum information processing and quantum communication. Narrowband biphotons with polarization entanglement are especially important for a quantum network based on efficient photon–atom interactions. In most demonstrated cases, the polarization-entangled states are manipulated through the birefringent effect. In this Letter, we produce narrowband polarization-entangled biphotons from spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold atoms and demonstrate a new method to tune the phase of the polarization entanglement by varying the frequency of one of the classical driving lasers. This is achieved through two-photon interference with a path-exchange symmetry. Our result represents a precision control of polarization entanglement from the frequency domain, and may have promising applications in quantum information and precision measurement.
Link error prediction methods for multicarrier systems (2005)

Multicarrier modulations such as OFDM with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) are well suited for high data rate broadband systems that operate in multipath environments and are considered as promising candidates for future generation cellular systems (e.g., 4G). Cellular system performance is normally investigated with system level simulations that are computationally complex. For broadband multicarrier systems, incorporating a detailed physical layer emulator into the system simulator becomes impractical, so there is a need for simplified link performance predictors. However, due to the large variability of the channel in the frequency domain, two links with the same average SNR can experience drastically different performance, thus making it difficult to accurately predict the instantaneous link performance such as the frame error rate. In this paper, the accuracy of two FER prediction methods is studied: Packet error rate indicator (PER-indicator) and exponential effective SIR mapping (Exp-ESM). Both methods are shown to have accuracy within a few tenths of a dB under a wide range of modulation schemes, coding rates and channel types. These methods are then extended to handle more advanced link enhancements such as hybrid ARQ and Alamouti encoding. The Exp-ESM method has slightly better accuracy than the PER-indicator, and is the preferred link error predictor for a system simulator.
A numerical approach to non‐circular birdcage RF coil optimization: Verification with a fourth‐order coil (1999)

It is demonstrated that birdcage resonators, satisfying conditions of quadrature operation and radiofrequency field homogeneity, can be realized in practice on formers of non-circular cross section described by an equation of the form |x/a|n + |y/b|n = 1 where a and b are constants and n ≥ 2 is an integer. Using a ladder network analogous to that of a conventional circular birdcage, optimization algorithms were employed to determine the elemental current distribution on the non-circular cylindrical surfaces. A comparison of circular, elliptical, symmetric and asymmetric fourth-order (n = 4) section birdcage current distributions is presented. A short, asymmetric fourth-order cage was constructed and tested experimentally at 3 T and compared with a conventional circular-section head coil. Magn Reson Med 41:1180–1188, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Self-Adaptable Autonomic Computing Systems: An Industry View (2006)

This paper reflects different industry views on self-adaptable autonomic computing, as perceived by representatives from Enigmatec, IBM, Intel, MCNC, and Oracle. The statements in this paper serve as starting points for the panel discussion on methodologies, engineering requirements, and technical challenges, during the SAACS Conference.
Differential Expression of c- <i>myb</i> mRNA in Murine B Lymphomas by a Block to Transcription Elongation (1987)

Expression of c-myb proto-oncogene messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein has been detected principally in tumors and in normal tissue of hematopoietic origin. In each hematopoietic lineage examined, expression of the c-myb gene is markedly downregulated during hematopoietic maturation. However, the mechanism by which differential expression of the c-myb gene is regulated is not known. In murine B-lymphoid tumor cell lines, the amount of steady-state c-myb mRNA is 10 to more than 100 times greater in pre-B cell lymphomas than in B cell lymphomas and plasmacytomas. The downregulation of c-myb mRNA correlates with events at the pre-B cell-B cell junction. Differential expression of c-myb mRNA levels detected between a pre-B cell lymphoma and a mature B cell lymphoma is now shown to be mediated by a block to transcription elongation in the first intron of the c-myb locus. In addition, this developmentally regulated difference in transcriptional activity is correlated with alterations in higher order chromatin structure as reflected by changes in the patterns of hypersensitivity to deoxyribonuclease I at the 5' end of the c-myb transcription unit. Regulation of transcription elongation may provide a more sensitive mechanism for rapidly increasing and decreasing mRNA levels in response to external stimuli than regulation of the initiation of transcription.
A Tutorial on Optical Feeding of Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Antennas for Communication Applications (2015)

Given the interference avoidance capacity, high gain, and dynamical reconfigurability, phased array antennas (PAAs) have emerged as a key enabling technology for future broadband mobile applications. This is especially important at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies, where the high power consumption and significant path loss impose serious range constraints. However, at mm-wave frequencies the phase and amplitude control of the feeding currents of the PAA elements is not a trivial issue because electrical beamforming requires bulky devices and exhibits relatively narrow bandwidth. In order to overcome these limitations, different optical beamforming architectures have been presented. In this paper we review the basic principles of phased arrays and identify the main challenges, that is, integration of high-speed photodetectors with antenna elements and the efficient optical control of both amplitude and phase of the feeding current. After presenting the most important solutions found in the literature, we analyze the impact of the different noise sources on the PAA performance, giving some guidelines for the design of optically fed PAAs.
Design Optimization of a Low-Speed Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor for Improved Efficiency and Power Factor (2008)

Although linear electrical motors (LMs) are increasingly used in industry to develop linear motion, they suffer from two major drawbacks: low efficiency and low power factor. These drawbacks cause high energy consumption and a rise in input current, and occupy transmission line capacity. We present a multiobjective optimization method to improve both efficiency and power factor, simultaneously. Our method uses an analytical model of the machine to calculate the efficiency and power factor. It allows us to investigate the effects of various motor specifications on the efficiency and the power factor. Motor parameters and dimensions can then be optimized by using a genetic algorithm in an appropriate objective function. The results show an enhancement in motor performance. We have used 2-D and 3-D time-stepping finite-element methods to evaluate the analytical results. A comparison of results validates our optimization method.
A Hybrid Architecture for Secure Management of Manufacturing Data in Industry 4.0 (2019)

In this paper, we analyze the suitability of the methods available today for securely managing the wide variety of data produced by the manufacturing sector. We propose a hybrid information architecture for manufacturing, based on decentralized blockchains, cloud-based WORM storage and ordinary cloud storage. We point out shortcomings in the technology available today for realizing this architecture. In particular, we identify a need for low-cost IoT-based systems to capture, identify, preprocess, encrypt and transmit factory floor data to the corresponding data storage subsystems. We describe our proof-of-concept implementation of such an IoT system, along with the factory case study that inspired it, and argue that this system is sufficiently inexpensive to be retrofitted into today's factories.
Development of a wearable remote health conditions monitoring system (2013)

This paper describes, the design and implementation of a wearable remote ECG monitoring system, which comprises of the wearable ECG device and the mobile phone application to communicate with the ECG device. The wearable device captures the real time ECG of the person wearing the device and communicates with a remote server using the person's own mobile phone. The device captures ECG using three electrodes located inside a 5×5 cm area on the wearer's chest. The device comprises of an onboard Bluetooth 2.0 module to connect with the mobile phone and the mobile phone connects with the remote server using GPRS network. The device also monitors the activity of the wearer using an onboard MEMS accelerometer and the algorithms to analyze the acceleration data generated at different activities of the wearer. This data is sent along with the ECG data to support with the diagnosis process. The remote server cosists of the databases and interfaces to store and preview the real time as well as stored data. It is maintained by the hospital concerned and is supported by the telecommunication operators.
Fabrication of single-crystal diamond microcomponents (1994)

We have combined a technique for the lift-off of thin diamond films from a bulk diamond with a technique for engraving diamond with a focused excimer laser to produce free-standing single-crystal diamond microstructures. One microcomponent that has been produced is a 12 tooth gear ∼400 μm in diameter and ∼13 μm thick. Other microstructures have also been demonstrated, showing the versatility of this method. This process should be applicable to producing diamond microcomponents down to spatial dimensions (width and thickness) of a few micrometers.
WSS Switching Engine Technologies (2008)

Various switching engines such as MEMS, liquid crystal, and phased arrays, can be used to implement a colorless WSS. Switching engine affect on device design characteristics and implications on specifications for future applications are discussed.
Photoluminescence from silicon nanoparticles prepared from bulk amorphous silicon monoxide by the disproportionation reaction (2005)

We report on strong photoluminescence of Si-based materials produced in large quantities. This is achieved by the disproportionation action of commercial bulk silicon monoxide at temperatures above 850°C which results in the formation of Si nanocrystals surrounded by an amorphous silicon oxide matrix. High-resolution electron microscopy investigations reveal a broad size distribution of the silicon nanocrystals with a maximum at 4–4.5nm, for samples annealed at 900 and 950°C. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra indicate the coexistence of amorphous Si clusters in the samples, that have not fully undergone the amorphous/crystalline transition. This method could be suitable for the production in large quantities of Si-based bulk photoluminescent materials.
Enhancement of wireless LAN for multimedia home networking (2005)

This paper describes the problems of wireless LAN usage in the user's home with focus on high quality, real-time media transmission. Results of physical channel measurements with respect to fading effects and channel power are analyzed and experimentally obtained link data rates are presented. Methods for a transmitter based link adaptation are described and evaluated to increase the reliability of the physical data transmission.
Innovative soft magnetic multilayers with enhanced in-plane anisotropy and ferromagnetic resonance frequency for integrated RF passive devices (2017)

We present an innovative, economical method for manufacturing soft magnetic materials that may pave the way for integrated thin film magnetic cores with dramatically improved properties. Soft magnetic multilayered thin films based on the Fe-28%Co20%B (at.%) and Co-4.5%Ta4%Zr (at.%) amorphous alloys are deposited on 8” bare Si and Si/200nm-thermal-SiO2 wafers in an industrial, high-throughput Evatec LLS EVO II magnetron sputtering system. The multilayers consist of stacks of alternating 80-nm-thick ferromagnetic layers and 4-nm-thick Al2O3 dielectric interlayers. Since in our dynamic sputter system the substrate cage rotates continuously, such that the substrates face different targets alternatively, each ferromagnetic sublayer in the multilayer consists of a fine structure comprising alternating CoTaZr and FeCoB nanolayers with very sharp interfaces. We adjust the thickness of these individual nanolayers between 0.5 and 1.5 nm by changing the cage rotation speed and the power of each gun, which is an excellent mode to engineer new, composite ferromagnetic materials. Using X-ray reflectometry (XRR) we reveal that the interfaces between the FeCoB and CoTaZr nanolayers are perfectly smooth with roughness of 0.2-0.3 nm. Kerr magnetometry and B-H looper measurements for the as-deposited samples show that the coercivity of these thin films is very low, 0.2-0.3 Oe, and gradually scales up with the thickness of FeCoB nanolayers, i.e. with the increase of the overall Fe content from 0 % (e.g. CoTaZr-based multilayers) to 52 % (e.g. FeCoB-based multilayers). We explain this trend in the random anisotropy model, based on considerations of grain size growth, as revealed by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), but also because of the increase of magnetostriction with the increase of Fe content as shown by B-H looper measurements performed on strained wafers. The unexpected enhancement of the in-plane anisotropy field from 18.3 Oe and 25.8 Oe for the conventional CoTaZr- and FeCoB-based multilayers, respectively, up to ∼48 Oe for the nanostructured multilayers with FeCoB/CoTaZr nano-bilayers is explained based on interface anisotropy contribution. These novel soft magnetic multilayers, with enhanced in-plane anisotropy, allow operation at higher frequencies, as revealed by broadband (between 100 MHz and 10 GHz) RF measurements that exhibit a classical Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert (LLG) behavior.
TV Advertising: Fetish of the Capital-Commodity Relationship (Part Two) (1976)

There is nothing more demoralizing and dehumanizing to the more meaningful feminine personality, than to see herself on many of these commercial mesages, depicted as a passive sexual robot whose only physical presence is a plastically portrayed sex image devoid of any real mental capabilities:
Chk1 inhibition in p53-deficient cell lines drives rapid chromosome fragmentation followed by caspase-independent cell death (2013)

Activation of Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) following DNA damage mediates cell cycle arrest to prevent cells with damaged DNA from entering mitosis. Here we provide a high-resolution analysis of cells as they undergo S- and G₂-checkpoint bypass in response to Chk1 inhibition with the selective Chk1 inhibitor GNE-783. Within 4-8 h of Chk1 inhibition following gemcitabine induced DNA damage, cells with both sub-4N and 4N DNA content prematurely enter mitosis. Coincident with premature transition into mitosis, levels of DNA damage dramatically increase and chromosomes condense and attempt to align along the metaphase plate. Despite an attempt to congress at the metaphase plate, chromosomes rapidly fragment and lose connection to the spindle microtubules. Gemcitabine mediated DNA damage promotes the formation of Rad51 foci; however, while Chk1 inhibition does not disrupt Rad51 foci that are formed in response to gemcitabine, these foci are lost as cells progress into mitosis. Premature entry into mitosis requires the Aurora, Cdk1/2 and Plk1 kinases and even though caspase-2 and -3 are activated upon mitotic exit, they are not required for cell death. Interestingly, p53, but not p21, deficiency enables checkpoint bypass and chemo-potentiation. Finally, we uncover a differential role for the Wee-1 checkpoint kinase in response to DNA damage, as Wee-1, but not Chk1, plays a more prominent role in the maintenance of S- and G₂-checkpoints in p53 proficient cells.
APD-356 (Arena). (2005)

Arena is developing APD-356, the lead in a series of orally active, small-molecule 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C agonists for the potential treatment of obesity and diabetes. A phase IIb trial was initiated in June 2005, and preliminary results were expected at the end of 2005.
Accelerometer for mobile robot positioning (2001)

An evaluation of a low-cost small-sized solid-state accelerometer is described in this paper. The sensor is intended for positioning of a mobile robot or platform. The acceleration signal output by the sensor is doubly integrated with time, which yields the travelled distance. Bias offset drift exhibited in the acceleration signal is accumulative and the accuracy of the distance measurement deteriorates with time due to the integration. This problem can be fixed by periodic recalibration by the use of external measurements on position, velocity, and attitude which can be compared with the corresponding quantities calculated by the inertial system. A Kalman filter could use the differences between those values to provide an optimum estimate of the system error. The random bias drift of the accelerometer was found experimentally to be 2.5 mg. The accelerometer was moved back and forth three times for a distance of 40 cm with an acceleration of 8 m/s/sup 2/. The final distance error accumulated was -1.08 cm. The bias drift rate due to temperature was 0.108 /spl mu/g/s when the accelerometer was placed at room temperature. The results show that the accelerometer could be a viable solution as a short-duration distance-measuring device for a mobile robot or platform.