gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search Theory and Mate Choice. I. Models of Single-Sex Discrimination (1990)

Sexual selection depends on differential patterns of mate preference and choice. Little attention has been paid, however, to the manner in which individuals acquire information about the quality of potential mates and how this information is used to form mating decisions. Different decision rules for determining mating preferences often lead to different fitness consequences for the actively searching and choosy sex. In this paper, I compare the expected fitness consequences of two alternative decision-making strategies: a best-of-n strategy (whereby searching individuals choose the best mate from a sample of size n) and a strategy based on sequential sampling (whereby the searching individual establishes a critical mate quality and continues searching until encountering a mate at or above this quality). For the same distribution of potential mate qualities, the sequential-search strategy generates higher expected fitness gains than the best-of-n strategy. This is in contrast to earlier conclusions (e.g., Janetos 1980; Halliday 1983) that the best-of-n is a dominant strategy for mate choice. In the models presented here, the cost of mate search is included; earlier models neglected this important aspect of mate choice, and this difference accounts for the different conclusions. The sequential-search model establishes a critical mate-acceptance level that equates the cost of sampling one additional potential mate and the expected fitness gain from one additional search. As the cost of search increases, the critical threshold decreases. The basic sequential-search model can be extended to include time discounting, finite time horizon, systematic search, learning, variable search costs, and mate responsiveness. In each extension, new critical thresholds for mate acceptability can be established. In some cases, such as an extension to include a finite time horizon, the critical threshold is anticipated to undergo a monotonic decline as search progresses: searchers become less choosy over time if they are unsuccessful at finding mates. The role of the arithmetic mean and variance of fitness among potential mates can be explored within these simple models. As the mean and variance of mate quality within the population increases, the critical threshold for acceptability increases. The basic model and its extensions are subject to easy empirical testing. These models will prove valuable in establishing the link between aspects of individual behavior and population-level selection processes.
Sophisticated medical devices as local drug-delivery systems. (2000)

The sustained release of antimicrobial substances from catheters, endoprostheses, wound-dressings and arterial grafts may be prudent for the prevention of device-associated infections. The release of heparin, synthetic prostacycline, hirudin and anti-inflammatory dexamethasone and related compounds from stent coatings may further reduce the risk of thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia and the requirement for long-term anticoagulation treatments. The delivery of cytokines and growth factors from wound dressings and bone grafts may accelerate wound healing and implant integration.
A Metabolic Study of Patients with Lung Cancer and Hyponatremia of Malignancy (2006)

Management of patients with hyponatremia and SCLC should be guided by the knowledge that some patients with SCLC have ectopic production of ANP as the cause of their hyponatremia.
The theory of physical doping in organic semiconductor (2009)

A theory for carrier concentration in physically doped organic semiconductors has been presented based on Gaussian energy distribution of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals （LUMOs） and the highest occupied molecular orbitals （HOMOs） as well as the Fermi - Dirac distribution of carriers in allowed quantum states. The dependence of carrier concentration on doping concentration, ambient temperature and energy gap of organic semiconductors were numerically investigated. It is shown that carrier concentration will increase with the ambient temperature in doped or undoped organic semiconductors, and the carrier concentration decreases exponentially with the reciprocal of temperature. For intrinsic organic semiconductor, carrier concentration will decrease exponentially with the energy gap （the difference between the average energy levels of HOMO and LUMO ）and increase exponentially with the square of the width of Gaussian distribution. We then discussed the effect of doping concentration on carrier concentration for different HOMO and LUMO positions of the dopant relative to that of the host.
Subpopulyatsii transplantiruemykh stvolovykh krovetvornykh kletok (2006)

Основным способом преодоления тяжелых лекарственных цитопений и неотъемлемой частью современных химиотерапевтических протоколов при различных онкологических заболеваниях, особенно при гемобластозах, является трансплантация стволовых кроветворных клеток. Цель процедуры - это максимально быстрое и полное восстановление кроветворения, поврежденного высокими дозами цитостатических препаратов. Основой для использования стволовых кроветворных клеток в условиях клиники послужили результаты длительных многочисленных фундаментальных исследований. В целом, несмотря на широту мировых исследований по изучению столовой клетки, остается много нерешенных вопросов. Так, например, четко не решен вопрос о фенотипе истинно столовой (наиболее ранней) кроветворной клетки. Кроме того, не совсем понятна роль каждой конкретной субпопуляции в восстановлении гемопоза. Очень сложным является вопрос о роли субпопуляций столовых клеток в восстановлении полноценности иммунологической системы (динамика восстановления Т - и В-клеточного звена) при аллогенной трансплантации кроветворной ткани, а так же их связь с развитием реакций "трансплантат против хозяина" и "трансплантат против болезни". Таким образом, углубленное изучение субпопуляционного состава пула СКК является важным как с точки зрения фундаментальных проблем кроветворения, так и с клинической точки зрения.
Abnormal erythrocyte anion exchange in Alzheimer disease. (2000)

Measurement of red blood cell anion exchange may be useful in classifying patients with AD. The dependence of this phenomenon on anticoagulant suggests the involvement of platelet activation or complement fixation.
[A preclinical evaluation of the antianginal activity of energy metabolism intermediates]. (1990)

In acute experiments on dogs and cats with occlusion of the coronary arteries the antianginal activities of malate (100 mg/kg) and NAD (0.2 mg/kg) were studied. The drugs were found to increase the collateral blood flow and the contractile activity of the myocardium against the background of a moderate rise of the heart oxygen consumption and to normalize the systemic hemodynamics parameters.
Induction of apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by Ampelopsis cantoniensis crude extract. (2005)

The crude extract of Ampelopsis cantoniensis induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and this induction was investigated by flow cytometric analysis, DNA gel electrophoresis and poly (ADP-ribose) fluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that this extract induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis. The level of active caspase-3 was increased after treatment with the crude extract for 24 hours.
Real-time Ultrasonic Imaging and Advancements in Non-conventional Methods (2008)

Ultrasonic imaging systems commonly used in medical and industrial applications, have not reached their full-potential in performance with respect to temporal, and in some cases, spatial resolution. This is mainly due to inherent limitations associated with present systems requiring line-serial image reconstruction and the limitations on the use of 'effective' aperture. In this review paper, these limitations associated with conventional technology are analyzed in comparison to an alternative (hybrid) approach to imaging, using electronic and acoustoptical signal processing. The potential of the hybrid approach has been highlighted in terms of its ability to achieve (a) the highest possible speed of ultrasound imaging (exceeding 1000 frames per second compared to ~50 with conventional systems) and (b) focused high-resolution images of the complete object field with every single insonifying pulse.
Nature of the interaction of chondroitin 4-sulphate and chondroitin sulphate–proteoglycan with collagen (1971)

The electrostatic interaction of chondroitin sulphate and the chondroitin sulphate-proteoglycan with collagen was studied by chromatography of the glycosaminoglycan and the proteoglycan on a collagen gel. The observed binding between the macromolecules increased with decreasing pH and ionic strength, and was significant under physiological conditions. A study of the interaction between chondroitin sulphate and a preparation of soluble collagen, with a partition-equilibrium technique, afforded similar results.
Effects of Inhibitory Environmental Factors on Growth of<i>Oenococcus oeni</i>CCSYU2068 for Malolactic Fermentation of Cider Production (2005)

The effects of several inhibitory factors (sulfur dioxide, pH and ethanol) on the growth of lactic acid bacteria and the subsequent malolactic fermentation (MLF) were studied by inoculation of different culture strains of Oenococcus oeni, the major lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in cider production. After comparing their organoleptic properties, three strains of Oenococcus oeni were selected from indigenous and commercial sources and their inhibitory effects on cell growth and MLF examined. The malolactic bacteria expressed variations in tolerance to the environmental conditions of pH, sulfur and ethanol concentration. Isolated from an indigenous cider production facility, O. oeni L4 had a better capacity with constant growth even when the concentration of SO2 was 50 ppm, ethanol 10% (v/v) and pH 3.0. O. oeni L4 showed better properties for metabolizing the major acids: malic, lactic and acetic acid. The decomposition mean rate of malic acid was as high as 228.52 mg/L per day with a low acetic acid concentration of 101.78 mg/L under the stress conditions of cider production.
Architecture on mobility management in OpenFlow-based radio access networks (2013)

With the aim to simplify network management and control, Software defined network is proposed as a new paradigm and architecture in networking areas. The concept of Cloud and cognitive cellular network will be important features in the next generation radio access networks. In this paper, we propose a distributed hierarchical architecture for heterogeneous radio access networks based on OpenFlow. SDN architecture enables resource and infrastructure sharing among heterogeneous radio access networks. Mobility management in this new heterogeneous radio access network architecture and a OpenFlow-enabled node architecture for AP infrastructures are defined. We compared it with the one defined in 3GPP LTE standard to show the required changes. An architecture of cognitive information processing is defined to support new features of mobility management, which is taken as an service of network operation system. In the end, typical network applications of mobility management in this SDN architecture are introduced. New topics with technical challenges are analyzed in this SDN based heterogeneous RANs towards the ongoing research and prototypes.
Beyond 30 MHz [applications of high-frequency ultrasound imaging] (1996)

Most medical ultrasound imaging systems operate in the frequency range from 3 to 10 MHz and can resolve objects approximately 1 mm in size. In the mid 1980s, new transducer materials led to the development of the first transducers suitable for high-frequency (30-100 MHz) clinical imaging. These high-frequency transducers can provide images of subsurface structures with microscopic resolution. In this article, the authors introduce the basic principles of high-frequency ultrasound imaging and discuss six applications of this new technology: eye imaging, skin imaging, catheter-based intravascular imaging, intra-articular imaging, high-frequency flow imaging, and in-vivo imaging of mouse embryonic development. These examples illustrate a few of the potential applications of high-frequency ultrasound in medicine and biology.
A Scalable Two-Phase Top-Down Specialization Approach for Data Anonymization Using MapReduce on Cloud (2013)

A large number of cloud services require users to share private data like electronic health records for data analysis or mining, bringing privacy concerns. Anonymizing data sets via generalization to satisfy certain privacy requirements such as k-anonymity is a widely used category of privacy preserving techniques. At present, the scale of data in many cloud applications increases tremendously in accordance with the Big Data trend, thereby making it a challenge for commonly used software tools to capture, manage, and process such large-scale data within a tolerable elapsed time. As a result, it is a challenge for existing anonymization approaches to achieve privacy preservation on privacy-sensitive large-scale data sets due to their insufficiency of scalability. In this paper, we propose a scalable two-phase top-down specialization (TDS) approach to anonymize large-scale data sets using the MapReduce framework on cloud. In both phases of our approach, we deliberately design a group of innovative MapReduce jobs to concretely accomplish the specialization computation in a highly scalable way. Experimental evaluation results demonstrate that with our approach, the scalability and efficiency of TDS can be significantly improved over existing approaches.
Cisplatin inhibits synthesis of ribosomal RNA in vivo (1998)

Cis -diammininedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin or cis -DDP) is a DNA-damaging agent that is widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Cisplatin crosslinks DNA and the resulting adducts interact with proteins that contain high-mobility-group (HMG) domains, such as UBF(upstream binding factor). UBF is a transcription factor that binds to the promoter of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes thereby supporting initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase I. Here we report that cisplatin causes a redistribution of UBF in the nucleolus of human cells, similar to that observed after inhibition of rRNA synthesis. A similar redistribution was observed for the major components of the rRNA transcription machinery, namely TBP, TAFIs and RNA polymerase I. Furthermore, we provide for the first time direct in vivo evidence that cisplatin blocks synthesis of rRNA, while activity of RNA polymerase II continues to be detected throughout the nucleus. The clinically ineffective trans isomer (trans -DDP) does not alter the localization of either UBF or other components of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. These results suggest that disruption of rRNA synthesis, which is stimulated in proliferating cells, plays an important role in the clinical success of cisplatin.
Animal Testing in Infectiology (2001)

Animal testing has a long history, and the resulting knowledge has brought about a significant contribution to the improvement of health and welfare of mankind and animals. Federal regulations concerning the performance of animal testing have become more restrictive worldwide over the last few decades, thus ensuring that only significant tests with a minimum of animal suffering are carried out. Apart from fundamental in vitro studies and clinical trials, animal testing is still indispensable for research on infectious diseases. It offers the opportunity to study the parasitic forms of infectious agents in a complex infection process including the assessment of specific host-defense mechanisms. Another important setting is the in vivo evaluation of substances in infection models for the development of new anti-infective agents.The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of animal testing in the four major fields of infectiology – bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology – as well as in the development of vaccines. New and innovative techniques are introduced and their efficacies critically discussed. In addition, the book shows ways to refine, reduce and replace animal tests in infectiological research and considers ethical aspects of their use. A valuable source of information, this publication will be of interest to research scientists, regulatory agencies, veterinarians supervising experimental animals, breeders and anyone involved in the public debate on animal testing
Use of topical corticosteroids on chronic leg ulcers (2007)

Suppression of inflammation plays an important role in healing and pain relief. Applying topical corticosteroids to the wound can accelerate healing and reduce pain in certain cases. However, careful monitoring is essential as there is a risk of sensitisation with prolonged use as well as a potential increased risk of infection.
Water in the Active Site of an All-RNA Hairpin Ribozyme and Effects of Gua8 Base Variants on the Geometry of Phosphoryl Transfer<sup>,</sup> (2005)

The hairpin ribozyme requires functional group contributions from G8 to assist in phosphodiester bond cleavage. Previously, replacement of G8 by a series of nucleobase variants showed little effect on interdomain docking, but a 3-250-fold effect on catalysis. To identify G8 features that contribute to catalysis within the hairpin ribozyme active site, structures for five base variants were determined by X-ray crystallography in a resolution range between 2.3 and 2.7 A. For comparison, a native all-RNA "G8" hairpin ribozyme structure was refined to 2.05 A resolution. The native structure revealed a scissile bond angle (tau) of 158 degrees, which is close to the requisite 180 degrees "in-line" geometry. Mutations G8(inosine), G8(diaminopurine), G8(aminopurine), G8(adenosine), and G8(uridine) folded properly, but exhibited nonideal scissile bond geometries (tau ranging from 118 degrees to 93 degrees) that paralleled their diminished solution activities. A superposition ensemble of all structures, including a previously described hairpin ribozyme-vanadate complex, indicated the scissile bond can adopt a variety of conformations resulting from perturbation of the chemical environment and provided a rationale for how the exocyclic amine of nucleobase 8 promotes productive, in-line geometry. Changes at position 8 also caused variations in the A-1 sugar pucker. In this regard, variants A8 and U8 appeared to represent nonproductive ground states in which their 2'-OH groups mimicked the pro-R, nonbridging oxygen of the vanadate transition-state complex. Finally, the results indicated that ordered water molecules bind near the 2'-hydroxyl of A-1, lending support to the hypothesis that solvent may play an important role in the reaction.
Dipolar fluids under external perturbations (2005)

We discuss recent developments and present new findings on the structural and phase properties of dipolar model fluids influenced by various external perturbations. We concentrate on systems of spherical particles with permanent (point) dipole moments. Starting from what is known about the three-dimensional systems, particular emphasis is given to dipolar fluids in different confining situations involving both simple and complex (disordered) pore geometries. Further topics concern the effect of quenched positional disorder, the influence of external (electric or magnetic) fields, and the fluid–fluid phase behaviour of various dipolar mixtures. It is demonstrated that due to the translational–orientational coupling and due to the long range of dipolar interactions even simple perturbations such as hard walls can have a profound impact on the systems.
An overview of the Mosuo language (2009)

‘Mosuo’ refers to the Eastern Naxi varieties, which are spoken along the border of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in southwestern China. This study presents an overview of the Yongning variety of Mosuo, of which the author is a native speaker, focusing on the language’s phonology, morphology, and morphosyntax.
Ghost SPH for animating water (2012)

We propose a new ghost fluid approach for free surface and solid boundary conditions in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) liquid simulations. Prior methods either suffer from a spurious numerical surface tension artifact or drift away from the mass conservation constraint, and do not capture realistic cohesion of liquid to solids. Our Ghost SPH scheme resolves this with a new particle sampling algorithm to create a narrow layer of ghost particles in the surrounding air and solid, with careful extrapolation and treatment of fluid variables to reflect the boundary conditions. We also provide a new, simpler form of artificial viscosity based on XSPH. Examples demonstrate how the new approach captures real liquid behaviour previously unattainable by SPH with very little extra cost.
Analgesic Tolerance to Etorphine (M99) and Morphine in the Mouse (1969)

The mouse given M99 or morphine exhibited an acute tolerance to the analgesic effects of both drugs. The acute tolerance was built up rapidly following a single injection of M99 or two daily injections of morphine (24 or 48 hr, respectively). Discontinuation of drug dosage for up to 6 weeks resulted in only a slight decrease in tolerance, which returned to its earlier state after a very few daily doses. M99, based upon 15-min peak analgesic effects in these tests, was approximately 2000 times as potent as morphine.
Injectable hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) and derivatives as functional biomaterials (2015)

The design criteria for injectable, <italic>in situ</italic>-gelling hydrogels are reviewed in conjunction with highlights on recent progress in the preparation of injectable PEG and PEG-analogue poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) hydrogels.
Surveillance and Security: Technological Politics and Power in Everyday Life (2006)

This is a volume of original contributions from scholars in eight different humanities and social science disciplines. The aim of the book is to present a range of surveillance technologies used in everyday life and investigate the politics of their use. It is truly an interdisciplinary project that will find purchase in courses on security studies and the sociology of culture and the sociology of science. Courses on security studies and its impact on culture can be found in a variety of academic departments including STS, criminology, sociology, women's studies, anthropology, political science and justice studies.
Sinusoidal B-M method based spectral domain optical coherence tomography for the elimination of complex-conjugate artifact (2009)

A high speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography based on the spatial sinusoidal phase modulation for the elimination of complex-conjugate artifact is presented, where sinusoidal phase modulation of reference arm (M scan) and transverse scanning of sample arm (B scan) are performed simultaneously (sinusoidal B-M method). Herein, the linear phase modulation of the reference arm in conventional linear B-M method is modified to sinusoidal phase modulation. The proposed sinusoidal B-M method relaxes the requirements on the phase-shifting mechanical system and avoids sensitivity fall-off along the transverse direction in contrast to the linear B-M method. A criterion for the relation between transverse over-sampling factor and modulation frequency for optimal complex conjugate rejection is deduced and verified by experiments. Under this criterion, the complex spectral interferogram is reconstructed by harmonic analysis and digital synchronous demodulation. Double imaging depth range on fresh shrimp at A-scan rate of 10 kHz with complex conjugate rejection ratio up to 45 dB is achieved.
Hyperosmotic stress enhances cytokine production and decreases phagocytosis in vitro (2008)

Hyperglycemia may lead to inflammation by enhancing cytokine production via the direct effects of hyperosmotic stress. Impaired phagocytosis and oxidative burst under hyperglycemia may weaken defense mechanisms of the host. Our in vitro findings may help to explain the beneficial effects of IIT not only in diabetic but also in critically ill patients.