gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active polycondensation of diethyl 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydroxyadipate with diamines (1976)

Abstract Polycondensation of diethyl 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydroxyadipate with various diamines was carried out in solutions under mild conditions. The polycondensation reaction occurred rapidly even at room temperature in polar solvents such as alcohols, and in aqueous solution a cyclic product was obtained instead of linear polymers although the reaction with diamines was completed within several minutes. Polymers obtained from diethyl 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydroxyadipate were a linear polyamide having pendant hydroxyl groups, which decomposed on heating at around 200°C. A solid‐phase polycondensation of the precursor polyamide yielded a high molecular weight polyamide.
Strain-Specific Effects of Probiotics on Gut Barrier Integrity following Hemorrhagic Shock (2005)

Probiotic therapy modulates the composition of the intestinal flora and inhibits the inflammatory response. These properties may be of benefit in the preservation of gut barrier integrity after injury or stress. In this study, we examined the effect of two Lactobacillus strains selected for their pathogen exclusion properties on intestinal barrier integrity following hemorrhagic shock. Additionally, the responsiveness of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 to combined exposure to Lactobacillus DNA or oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) and endotoxin was assessed by measuring tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release. Rats were administered lactobacilli (5 x 10(9) CFU) or vehicle for 7 days and were subjected subsequently to hemorrhagic shock by withdrawal of 2.1 ml blood/100 g tissue. Levels of plasma endotoxin, bacterial translocation to distant organs, and filamentous actin (F-actin) in the ileum were determined 24 h later. Rats treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed reduced levels of plasma endotoxin (8 +/- 2 pg/ml versus 24 +/- 4 pg/ml; P = 0.01), bacterial translocation (2 CFU/gram versus 369 CFU/gram; P < 0.01), and disruption of F-actin distribution following hemorrhagic shock compared with nontreated control rats. In contrast, pretreatment with Lactobacillus fermentum had no substantial effect on gut barrier integrity. Interestingly, DNA preparations from both lactobacilli reduced endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha release dose dependently, whereas CpG-ODN increased TNF-alpha release. In conclusion, the pathogen exclusion properties of both Lactobacillus strains and the reduction of endotoxin-induced inflammation by their DNA in vitro are not prerequisites for a beneficial effect of probiotic therapy on gut barrier function following hemorrhagic shock. Although pretreatment with Lactobacillus spp. may be useful to preserve gut barrier integrity following severe hypotension, a thorough assessment of specific strains seems to be essential.
PP.09.19 (2015)

Objective: The plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) for the clinical diagnosis of primary aldosteronism(PA) is usually calculated with plasma renin activity (PRA) as denominator. However, in the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for PA, they also recommended the use of active renin concentration(ARC) for diagnosing PA. Moreover, the rapid assay of ARC was recently developed. Design and method: We surveyed the correlation of PRA and ARC in hypertensive patients, including PA. Then, we investigated whether the calculation of ARR with ARC (ARR-Ac, ng/dl per pg/ml) instead of PRA (ARR-Pa, ng/dl per ng/ml/h) affects the diagnosing of the patients with aldosterone producing adenoma(APA). PRA, ARC, and PAC were measured in 350 patients with hypertension, including the patients with APA(n = 129), bilateral hyper aldosteronism (BHA, n = 93), essential hypertension (EH, n = 46), cushing syndrome (CS, n = 30), subclinical cushing syndrome (SCS, n = 23), palaganglioma (PGL, n = 29). The ARR-Ac and ARR-Pa were calculated, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. Results: ARC were significantly correlated with PRA (r = 0.902, p < 0.0001). ARR-Pa and ARR-Ac of APA patients were 107.2 ± 4.5 and 8.8 ± 0.3(Mean ± SEM),respectively.Those of BHA were 43.4 ± 2.0 and 4.3 ± 0.1, EH 18.5 ± 1.4 and 2.1 ± 0.1, CS 8.4 ± 1.2 and 1.2 ± 0.1, SCS 11.6 ± 1.3 and 1.5 ± 0.9, and PGL 16.‘ ± 1.6 and 1.8 ± 0.1, respectively. The ROC curve analyses confirmed the cut-off value of ARR-Pa of detecting APA was 33.7 (sensitivity: 69.1% and specificity:74.8%) and that of ARR-Ac was 4.85 (sensitivity: 66.4% and specificity:84.4%), respectively. Conclusions: ARC was significantly correlated with PRA. ARC is effective for detecting APA almost equally to PRA.
Abrusosides A-D, Four Novel Sweet-Tasting Triterpene Glycosides from the leaves of Abrus precatorius (1989)

In addition to abrusoside A [1], abrusosides B [2], C [3], and D [4], three further sweet glycosides based on the novel cycloartane-type aglycone, abrusogenin [5], were isolated from an n-BuOH-soluble extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius. Using a combination of spectral methods, the structures of compounds 1-4 were assigned, respectively, as the 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl, the 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-6-methylglucuronopyranosyl+ ++, the 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl, and the 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl derivatives of compound 5. After it established that compounds 1-4 were neither acutely toxic with mice nor mutagenic with Salmonella typhimurium strain TM677, they were found by a human taste panel to exhibit sweetness potencies in the range 30-100 times greater than sucrose.
Personalized Prediction of Asthma Severity and Asthma Attack for a Personalized Treatment Regimen (2018)

Control of asthma is critical for disease management and quality of life. Asthma treatment depends on the patient demographic information (e.g., age), and disease severity, which is determined by: (1) how symptoms affect a patient's daily life, (2) measured lung function, and (3) estimated risk of having an asthma attack. In this paper, we will present the Tensorflow Text Classification (TC) method to classify a patient's asthma severity level. We will also propose a Q-learning method to train an agent through trials and errors to improve the prediction accuracy and create a personalized treatment regimen for asthma patients.
Treatment of Cushing's Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2015)

Treatment of Cushing's syndrome is essential to reduce mortality and associated comorbidities. Effective treatment includes the normalization of cortisol levels or action. It also includes the normalization of comorbidities via directly treating the cause of Cushing's syndrome and by adjunctive treatments (eg, antihypertensives). Surgical resection of the causal lesion(s) is generally the first-line approach. The choice of second-line treatments, including medication, bilateral adrenalectomy, and radiation therapy (for corticotrope tumors), must be individualized to each patient.
Changes in <I>NDVI</I> and yield of winter wheat cultivars with different plant types (2011)

冬小麦不同株型品种和灌溉类型是影响产量遥感估测的重要因素, 对二者的实时监测可以提高产量的估测精度。结合遥感数据(MODIS 数据)与非遥感数据(GPS 数据和外业调查资料), 研究了不同株型品种冬小麦在水、旱地条件下归一化差值植被指数(<em>NDVI</em>)的动态变化特征, 分析了不同生育时期<em>NDVI</em> 与产量之间的关系。结果表明: 冬小麦不同株型品种间<em>NDVI</em> 随生育时期的变化具有明显一致性, 呈“小-大-小”变化趋势; 拔节期至孕穗期不同株型品种冬小麦<em>NDVI</em> 差异显著, 披散型品种高于紧凑型品种, 该时期为准确识别冬小麦株型的最佳时期。水、旱地同一种株型的冬小麦品种在整个生育时期<em>NDVI</em> 均值差异较显著, 均表现为水地冬小麦高于旱地冬小麦, 尤以抽穗初期最为明显。水旱地冬小麦不同生育时期<em>NDVI</em> 与产量相关性均以抽穗初期为最高, 但用抽穗初期和灌浆期<em>NDVI</em> 与产量的复合回归方程进行产量预测比用抽穗初期<em>NDVI</em> 与产量的回归方程效果好, 旱地冬小麦尤为明显。
Surface-to-surface intersections (1993)

Techniques for computing intersections of algebraic surfaces with piecewise rational polynomial parametric surface patches and intersections of two piecewise rational polynomial parametric surface patches are discussed. The techniques are classified using four categories-lattice evolution methods, marching methods, subdivision methods, and analytic methods-and their principal features are discussed. It is shown that some of these methods also apply to the general parametric surface-intersection problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linear and integer programming; Theory and practice (2001)

Linear optimisation; basic concepts; Dantzig's simplex method; duality and optimality; sensitivity analysis; karmarkar's interior path method; integer linear optimisation; linear network models; computational complexity issues; model building, case studies, and advanced techniques; solutions to selected exercises. Appendices: linear algebra; convexity; graph theory; optimisation theory; computer package INTPM.
Electron transmission efficiency of gating-GEM foil for TPC (2012)

In a TPC, ion feedback from the readout detector can cause a space-charge effect and distort the electrical field in the drift region. Gating is one of the effective methods to solve this problem, which can block ions at the expense of losing a certain amount of primary electrons. Compared with the traditional design with a wire structure, gating based on GEM foil is more attractive because of its simplicity. In this paper, the factors influencing the electron transmission efficiency are studied with simulations and experiments. After optimizing all these parameters, an electron transmission efficiency over 80% is obtained.
Impact of As-Cast Structure on Structure and Properties of Twin-Roll Cast AA8006 Alloy (2000)

Sheet production by twin-roll casting (TRC) process is a well established practice in the aluminium industry because it offers several advantages in comparison with DC casting and hot rolling, esp. lower production and investment costs. Thin strips exhibiting a combination of good strength and high ductility are required for various applications and for this reason alloys with higher Fe and Mn content such as AA 8006 displace AA 1xxx or AA 8011 alloys. However, TRC of AA 8006 strips involves several problems, e.g. casting conditions and subsequent treatment procedures need fine tuning. The results of an investigation of the effect of casting conditions on structure and properties of AA 8006 strips are presented. The influence of casting speed, grain refiner addition, molten metal level in the tundish, tip setback and roll separating force was investigated. The impact of imperfect as-cast structure on structure and properties of thin strips in H22 and O tempers was evaluated and compared with strips from good as-cast material.
Gamma-ray bursts observed by HETE-2. (2010)

HETE-2 satellite dedicated to observations of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRB) has recorded between years 2001 and 2006 hundreds of events and localized 84 with a precision of several arc-minutes and a delay better than 1 minute. Low threshold of HETE-2 instruments made HETE-2 especially adapted for detection of bursts of X-ray rich (XRR) type and X-ray flashes (XRF) as well as for study of “soft” part of their spectra in general. We have contributed to the final version of the catalogue and contibuted by following statistical studies of the events.
Aerial-ground robotic system for autonomous delivery tasks (2016)

In this paper we present a study of a robotic system that consists of an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a pair of manipulator arms (MMUAV), and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). The envisioned application scenario includes autonomous packet transportation, where MMUAV is used for picking/placing packets, while both MMUAV and UGV can be used for packet transportation, with different energy consumption profiles. We propose a reactive method for decentralized task planning and coordination of robots using hierarchical task decomposition based on TÆMS framework. Our approach takes into account low-level motion-planning aspects of the system as well as high-level mission specification, making this a multi-layered system. For low-level planning we use sampling-based planner combined with obstacle-free trajectory generation. Methods are verified in simulations and on an experimental testbed, using 3D Robotics quadcopter and Pioneer 3DX mobile robots with the results showing stability and robustness of the presented methods.
On the Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Layers of the Aortic Valve Leaflet (2007)

All existing constitutive models for heart valve leaflet tissues either assume a uniform transmural stress distribution or utilize a membrane tension formulation. Both approaches ignore layer specific mechanical contributions and the implicit nonuniformity of the transmural stress distribution. To begin to address these limitations, we conducted novel studies to quantify the biaxial mechanical behavior of the two structurally distinct, load bearing aortic valve (AV) leaflet layers: the fibrosa and ventricularis. Strip biaxial tests, with extremely sensitive force sensing capabilities, were further utilized to determine the mechanical behavior of the separated ventricularis layer at very low stress levels. Results indicated that both layers exhibited very different nonlinear, highly anisotropic mechanical behaviors. While the leaflet tissue mechanical response was dominated by the fibrosa layer, the ventricularis contributed double the amount of the fibrosa to the total radial tension and experienced four times the stress level. The strip biaxial test results further indicated that the ventricularis exhibited substantial anisotropic mechanical properties at very low stress levels. This result suggested that for all strain levels, the ventricularis layer is dominated by circumferentially oriented collagen fibers, and the initial loading phase of this layer cannot be modeled as an isotropic material. Histological-based thickness measurements indicated that the fibrosa and ventricularis constitute 41% and 29% of the total layer thickness, respectively. Moreover, the extensive network of interlayer connections and identical strains under biaxial loading in the intact state suggests that these layers are tightly bonded. In addition to advancing our knowledge of the subtle but important mechanical properties of the AV leaflet, this study provided a comprehensive database required for the development of a true 3D stress constitutive model for the native AV leaflet.
Hair growth-promoting effect of recombinant human sonic hedgehog proteins (2019)

Hair loss, known as alopecia, causes psychological stress and influences social interactions. At present, treatment for hair loss is somewhat limited, transient, and unpredictable. Based on the critical role of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in hair follicle development, Shh itself would be a good therapeutic candidate for the prevention of hair loss as well as promotion of hair growth. To investigate its potential use for hair treatment, we overexpressed Shh protein in E.coli by making silent mutations in 12 amino acids from N-terminus of Shh and purified it with Ni-affinity chromatography. Purified Shh proteins were able to activate Gli-responsive luciferase reporter gene in a dose-dependent manner and induce the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in the presence of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP-4). In addition, we confirmed that the treatment of recombinant Shh proteins to human dermal papilla (hDP) cells significantly increased the expressions of Shh-responsive genes as well as hair growth-related genes. Finally, we found that the administration of Shh proteins into the dorsal skin of the mouse could promote the hair density and length. Exogenous Shh proteins induced hair-related gene expression by stimulating both Shh signaling pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in DP cells, and might therefore be a potential hair promoting agent.
Measurement of duty cycles of photoresist grating masks made on top of multilayer dielectric stacks (2005)

We present a novel and nondestructive method for measuring the duty cycles (ratio of ridge width to period) of submicrometer rectangular photoresist gratings made on top of multilayer dielectric stacks. The method exploits the fact that the effective index of the leaky mode that has a strong evanescent tail in the cladding changes with the duty cycle of the grating situated at the interface between the top dielectric layer and the cladding. By comparing measured coupling angles of the leaky mode with a theoretical or experimentally calibrated relationship between coupling angles and duty cycle, one can determine the duty cycle of the grating. This method is applicable even when the grating period is less than the measurement wavelength. It is simple because it does not require any power measurement. Most importantly, it is virtually independent of groove depth. The physical principle of the method and the results of experimental verification are presented.
MiRP1 Modulates HCN2 Channel Expression and Gating in Cardiac Myocytes (2004)

MinK-related protein (MiRP1 or KCNE2) interacts with the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) family of pacemaker channels to alter channel gating in heterologous expression systems. Given the high expression levels of MiRP1 and HCN subunits in the cardiac sinoatrial node and the contribution of pacemaker channel function to impulse initiation in that tissue, such an interaction could be of considerable physiological significance. However, the functional evidence for MiRP1/HCN interactions in heterologous expression studies has been accompanied by inconsistencies between studies in terms of the specific effects on channel function. To evaluate the effect of MiRP1 on HCN expression and function in a physiological context, we used an adenovirus approach to overexpress a hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged MiRP1 (HAMiRP1) and HCN2 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, a cell type that expresses both MiRP1 and HCN2 message at low levels. HA-MiRP1 co-expression with HCN2 resulted in a 4-fold increase in maximal conductance of pacemaker currents compared with HCN2 expression alone. HCN2 activation and deactivation kinetics also changed, being significantly more rapid for voltages between -60 and -95 mV when HA-MiRP1 was co-expressed with HCN2. However, the voltage dependence of activation was not affected. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that expressed HA-MiRP1 and HCN2, as well as endogenous MiRP1 and HCN2, co-assemble in ventricular myocytes. The results indicate that MiRP1 acts as a beta subunit for HCN2 pacemaker channel subunits and alters channel gating at physiologically relevant voltages in cardiac cells.
Sterility in Wheat ( <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Induced by Water Deficit or High Temperature: Possible Mediation by Abscisic Acid (1982)

The application of abscisic acid solution to developing spikes of wheat (cv. Gabo) via wicks threaded through peduncles at the stage of meiosis in pollen mother cells caused pollen sterility without affecting female fertility. The concentration of abscisic acid measured in the spikelets of plants treated in this manner was close to that induced by water stress, which produced a similar level of pollen sterility. After pollen mother cell meiosis, treatment with abscisic acid had no effect on pollen fertility, as has been shown previously with water stress. Abscisic acid applied immediately before meiosis reduced fertility, in contrast to the effect of water stress, but this may have been due to persistence of the hormone in the plant. High temperature during pollen mother cell meiosis had no effect on the endogenous abscisic acid content of the spikelets, even where the treatment caused a complete inhibition of grain set.
A Competition to Push the Dependability of Low-Power Wireless Protocols to the Edge (2017)

A large number of low-power wireless communication protocols has been proposed in the last decade by both academia and industry in an attempt to deliver information in an increasingly reliable, timely, and energy-efficient manner. However, their level of dependability has rarely been benchmarked under the same settings and environmental conditions. In this paper we present the execution and results of a competition aimed to evaluate the dependability of state-of-the-art low-power wireless protocols under the same settings, and push their performance to the limit. We define a scenario emulating the operation of a wireless sensor network in industrial environments rich with radio interference and compare the end-to-end dependability of systems based on protocol strategies ranging from adaptive and time-slotted frequency-hopping to multi-modal routing and flooding. To increase fairness and realism, we allow the developers of the competing protocols to interact with the benchmarking infrastructure and optimize the protocol parameters for the scenario at hand. We achieve this by designing, implementing, and employing D-Cube, a low-cost tool that allows to accurately measure key dependability metrics such as end-to-end delay, reliability, and power consumption, as well as to graphically visualize their evolution in real-time. This interaction with the benchmarking infrastructure and the competitiveness of the event have incited the developers to push the performance of their protocols to the limit and reach impressive results.
Acoustic Measurements of the Anisotropy of Dynamic Elastic and Poromechanics Moduli under Three Stress/Strain Pathways (2005)

A series of triaxial compression experiments have been conducted to investigate the effects of induced stress on the anisotropy developed in dynamic elastic and poroelastic parameters in rocks. The measurements were accomplished by utilizing an array of piezoelectric compressional and shear wave sensors mounted around a cylindrical sample of porous Berea sandstone. Three different types of applied states of stress were investigated using hydrostatic, triaxial, and uniaxial strain experiments. During the hydrostatic experiment, where an isotropic state of stress was applied to an isotropic porous rock, the vertical and horizontal acoustic velocities and dynamic elastic moduli increased as pressure was applied and no evidence of stress induced anisotropy was visible. The poroelastic moduli (Biot’s effective stress parameter, α ) decreased during the test but also with no evidence of anisotropy. The triaxial compression test involved an axisymmetric application of stress with an axial stress greater than the two constant equal lateral stresses. During this test a marked anisotropy developed in the acoustic velocities, and in the dynamic elastic and poroelastic moduli. As axial stress increased the magnitude of the anisotropy increased as well. The uniaxial strain test involved axisymmetric application of stresses with increasing axial and lateral stresses but while maintaining a zero lateral strain condition. The uniaxial strain test exhibited a quite different behavior from either the triaxial or hydrostatic tests. As both the axial and lateral stresses were increased, an anisotropy developed early in the loading phase but then was effectively “locked in” with little or no change in the magnitude of the values of the acoustic velocities, or the dynamic elastic and poroelastic parameters as stresses were increased. These experimental results show that the application of triaxial states of stress induced significant anisotropy in the elastic and poroelastic parameters in porous rock, while under the uniaxial strain condition the poromechanics, Biot’s effective stress parameter, exhibited the largest variation among the three test conditions.