gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Transformation Chemistry, and Biological Activity of Guanine Nucleosides and Analoges (1989)

Abstract Regiospecific (9-) and regioselective (7-) coupling procedures have been developed with easily prepared guanine derivatives. Acyclovir and 9-(D-pentofuranosyl)guanine nucleosides have been prepared without observed formation of 7-isomers. Guanosine has been functionalized and transformed into a variety of base and/or sugar modified analogues. Potent activity against HIV and a hepadnavirus has been found.
A New Class of Adaptive Array Processors (1971)

This study deals with the design and analysis of an adaptive array processor in which the individual filters consist of tapped delay lines and adjustable gains. The gains are adjusted automatically by an iterative procedure which is a modified form of the stochastic approximation method of Robbins and Monro. The criterion for optimality is that the mean-square error between filter output and an ideal signal be a minimum. However, it is shown that the ideal signal need not be available to the processor; it suffices that the signal autocorrelation function and spatial direction be available. General expressions are obtained for convergence of the iterative algorithm, and an explicit expression for an upper bound on the rate of convergence is derived. System performance is analyzed by considering a noise field consisting of a spatially isotropic component and a single directional component. It is shown that the adaptive system eventually acts to eliminate the effect of the directional component. The theoretical behavior of the system has been verified experimentally using actual sonar data and a six-element array.
Water Soluble Poly-N-Vinylamides: Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties (1998)

N-Vinylamides: Synthesis, Conformation and Electronic State. Radical Polymerization. Solvation (Hydration) and Conformational Transformations of Macromolecules in Solution. Complex Formation of Macromolecules in Aqueous Solution. Reactions in Poly-N-vinylamide Chains. References. Index.
Spectrographic observations of stars of types R, N and Oe. (1947)

In the Dearborn Survey of Faint Red Stars from declination 4210 to the north pole, most of the known stars of type R and N have been reobserved spectrograph~cally. In addition, 143 other stars of these types have been discovered. Most but not all of these are faint, the limit being about visual magnitude 12. In the main catalogue, soon to be published, we have included a further number of stars which probably are of these classes. They are designated as R? or N? From magnitude 11.0 and on we had some difficulty in distinguishing the two types. Since, however, this uncertainty does not depend upon the position in the sky the conclusions which follow are not affected. A chart of all known carbon stars, including the 283 listed by Sanford in his exhaustive paper1 a~ well as our new ones shows that i. Both types have high galactic concentration, the N stars more so than the R stars. 2. The maximum concentration of the N stars in the galactic anti-centric direction, which we noted in 1941, has been confirmed. It is apparent also in Sanford's graphs. 3. The R stars appear to avoid the N star nest around galactic longitude 1700 and to be well distributed between 00 and 1500. We have been surprised to find only four Oe stars, which are not recorded in the Draper Catalogue. The scarceness of stars of types R, N and Oe and their somewhat specialized positions in the galaxy indicate that they are shortlived stages in stellar history, or that the abundance of carbon for the first two and the conditions for the development of the last one are quite localized. I.Ap. J. 99, 145, 1944. Dearborn Observatory, Evanston, Ill.
Selective laser sintering of metallic powder for microfabrication technology (2002)

This paper describes the 3D micro-structuring by beam technology, which employ the one component solid state and two metal liquid phase selective laser sintering of metallic powder comprising of high and low melting point temperature. The influence of the processing conditions on the type of phases and the microstructure evolution are considered.
VLSI Implementation of a Spiking Neural Network (2007)

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Konzepte und dedizierte Hardware entwickelt, die es erlauben, großskalige pulsgekoppelte neuronale Netze in Hardware zu realisieren. Die Arbeit basiert auf dem analogen VLSI-Modell eines pulsgekoppelten neuronalen Netzes, welches synaptische Plastizität (STPD) in jeder einzelnen Synapse beinhaltet. Das Modell arbeitet analog mit einem Geschwindigkeitszuwachs von bis zu 10^5 im Vergleich zur biologischen Echtzeit. Aktionspotentiale werden als digitale Ereignisse übertragen. Inhalt dieser Arbeit sind vornehmlich die digitale Hardware und die Übertragung dieser Ereignisse. Das analoge VLSI-Modell wurde in Verbindung mit Digitallogik, welche zur Verarbeitung neuronaler Ereignisse und zu Konfigurationszwecken dient, in einen gemischt analog-digitalen ASIC integriert, wobei zu diesem Zweck ein automatisierter Arbeitsablauf entwickelt wurde. Außerdem wurde eine entsprechende Kontrolleinheit in programmierbarer Logik implementiert und eine Hardware-Plattform zum parallelen Betrieb mehrerer neuronaler Netzwerkchips vorgestellt. Um das VLSI-Modell auf mehrere neuronale Netzwerkchips ausdehnen zu können, wurde ein Routing-Algorithmus entwickelt, welcher die Übertragung von Ereignissen zwischen Neuronen und Synapsen auf unterschiedlichen Chips ermöglicht. Die zeitlich korrekte Übertragung der Ereignisse, welche eine zwingende Bedingung für das Funktionieren von Plastizitätsmechanismen ist, wird durch diesen Algorithmus sichergestellt. Die Funktionalität des Algorithmus wird mittels Simulationen verifiziert. Weiterhin wird die korrekte Realisierung des gemischt analog-digitalen ASIC in Verbindung mit dem zugehörigen Hardware-System demonstriert und die Durchführbarkeit biologisch realistischer Experimente gezeigt. Das vorgestellte großskalige physikalische Modell eines neuronalen Netzwerks wird aufgrund seiner schnellen und parallelen Arbeitsweise für Experimentierzwecke in den Neurowissenschaften einsetzbar sein. Als Ergänzung zu numerischen Simulationen bietet es vor allem die Möglichkeit der intuitiven und umfangreichen Suche nach geeigneten Modellparametern.
Isolation and Characterization of Ribosomes from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores (1966)

Bishop, Helen L. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), and Roy H. Doi. Isolation and characterization of ribosomes from Bacillus subtilis spores. J. Bacteriol. 91:695-701. 1966.-The isolation of ribosomes from Bacillus subtilis spores was accomplished by freezing the spores in liquid nitrogen and grinding the spore pellet with an equal weight of levigated alumina. The ribosomes, which were adsorbed to the alumina, were freed by the addition of vegetative-cell ribosomes or bulk ribonucleic acid (RNA) to the crude alumina-ground extract. The spore ribosomes had sedimentation properties and RNA and protein compositions similar to those of vegetative-cell ribosomes. The difficulty encountered in obtaining spore ribosomes by ordinary extraction methods may be the result of nuclease and protease activities which were demonstrated in spore extracts.
Genomic analysis of Sardinian 26544/OG10 isolate of African swine fever virus (2016)

Comparative genomic analysis aims to underscore genetic assortment diversification in distinct viral isolates, to identify deletions and to carry out evolutionary studies. We sequenced the first complete genome of an ASFV p72 genotype I strain isolated from domestic pigs in Sardinia (Italy) using Next-Generation Sequence (NGS) technology. The genome is 182,906 bp long, contains 164 ORFs and has a 99.20% nucleotide identity to the L60 strain. Comparison analysis against the 16 ASFV genomes available in the database showed that 136 ORFs are present in nine ASFV isolates annotated to date. The most divergent ORFs codify for uncharacterized proteins such as X69R and DP96R, which have 51.3% and 70.4% nucleotide identity to the other isolates. A comparison between the Sardinian isolate and the avirulent isolates OURT 88/3, NHV, BA71V was also carried out. Major variations were found within the multigene families (MGFs) located in the left and right genome regions.
HORMONE RECEPTORS AND CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM IN CANCER CELLS (1976)

The possibility of a relationship between cyclic AMP formation and metabolic processes in tumours has been investigated. Changes in basal activity and hormone-responsiveness of adenylate cyclase were demonstrated in plasma membranes and intact cells from pre-cancerous liver of rats fed a diet containing the carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. Basal adenylate cyclase activity in hyperplastic parathyroid gland membranes was 200% higher than that in parathyroid adenoma membranes, corresponding with their relative rates of parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro. Membrane adenylate cyclase activity in hypernephromas was consistently 100--300% higher than in adjacent human renal cortex. Furthermore the adenylate cyclase activity of the tumour membranes was not influenced by a wide range of hormones which were effective stimulants in 'normal' renal cortex membranes. Conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydrocholecalciferol could not be demonstrated in either hypernephroma or adjacent renal cortical tissue. However, three of the four hypernephromas tested secreted a bone-resorbing factor. Cyclic AMP formation was increased by salmon, human and porcine calcitonins in both plasma membranes and intact cells from a poorly differentiated epidermoid cell carcinoma which was itself secreting calcitonin in culture. This phenomenon might be related to a feedback regulation of calcitonin production in this cell line. The observations are consistent with the concept of a relationship between cyclic AMP formation and certain metabolic functions (e.g. hormone production) in tumour cells.
Review of Virus Inactivation by Visible Light (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic is driving the search for new antiviral techniques. Bacteria and fungi are known to be inactivated not only by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light. Several studies have recently appeared on this subject, in which viruses were mainly irradiated in media. However, it is an open question to what extent the applied media, and especially their riboflavin concentration, can influence the results. A literature search identified appropriate virus photoinactivation publications and, where possible, viral light susceptibility was quantitatively determined in terms of average log-reduction doses. Sensitivities of enveloped viruses were plotted against assumed riboflavin concentrations. Viruses appear to be sensitive to visible (violet/blue) light. The median log-reduction doses of all virus experiments performed in liquids is 58 J/cm2. For the non-enveloped, enveloped and coronaviruses only, they were 222, 29 and 19 J/cm2, respectively. Data are scarce, but it appears that (among other things) the riboflavin concentration in the medium has an influence on the log-reduction doses. Experiments with DMEM, with its 0.4 mg/L riboflavin, have so far produced results with the greatest viral susceptibilities. It should be critically evaluated whether the currently published virus sensitivities are really only intrinsic properties of the virus, or whether the medium played a significant role. In future experiments, irradiation should be carried out in solutions with the lowest possible riboflavin concentration.
Effects of detergents on the secondary structures of prion protein peptides as studied by CD spectroscopy (2003)

Abstract Pathogenic prion proteins (PrP Sc ) are thought to be produced by α‐helical to β‐sheet conformational changes in the normal cellular prion proteins (PrP C ) located solely in the caveolar compartments. In order to inquire into the possible conformational changes due to the influences of hydrophobic environments within caveolae, the secondary structures of prion protein peptides were studied in various kinds of detergents by CD spectra. The peptides studied were PrP(129–154) and PrP(192–213); the former is supposed to assume β‐sheets and the latter α‐helices, in PrP Sc . The secondary structure analyses for the CD spectra revealed that in buffer solutions, both PrP(129–154) and PrP(192–213) mainly adopted random‐coils (∼60%), followed by β‐sheets (30%–40%). PrP(129–154) showed no changes in the secondary structures even in various kinds of detergents such as octyl‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside (OG), octy‐β‐ D ‐maltopyranoside (OM), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Zwittergent 3–14 (ZW) and dodecylphosphocholine (DPC). In contrast, PrP(192–213) changed its secondary structure depending on the concentration of the detergents. SDS, ZW, OG and OM increased the α‐helical content, and decreased the β‐sheet and random‐coil contents. DPC also increased the α‐helical content, but to a lesser extent than did SDS, ZW, OG or OM. These results indicate that PrP(129–154) has a propensity to adopt predominantly β‐sheets. On the other hand, PrP(192–213) has a rather fickle propensity and varies its secondary structure depending on the environmental conditions. It is considered that the hydrophobic environments provided by these detergents may mimic those provided by gangliosides in caveolae, the head groups of which consist of oligosaccharide chains containing sialic acids. It is concluded that PrP C could be converted into a nascent PrP Sc having a transient PrP Sc like structure under the hydrophobic environments produced by gangliosides. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of a chemically amplified positive resist for next-generation photomask fabrication (1998)

A positive-tone, chemically amplified resist (CAR) has been evaluated in comparison with non-CARs in its applicability to fabrication of reticles to be used for 180-nm-rule devices. The evaluated CAR is found to have better performance than the non-CARs. It has high sensitivity and high contrast enough to be used with e-beam writing systems, and good dry-etch durability. Its characteristics when exposed with e-beam writing system with different acceleration voltages is studied. The CD linearity is maintain down to 400 nm for all patterns by adoption of a 50 kV e-beam system and a proximity effect correction. The resolution limit is 150 nm for lines-and-space pattern. The allowance of the baking conditions is examined and the use of a highly temperature-controllable hot-plate yields good CD uniformity. The influence of the ammonia concentration in the process environment of the post exposure delay stability is investigated. The CAR should be used under a concentration of ammonia less than ca. 5 ppb, which is obtainable by use of a chemical filter. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the CAR meets our requirements for resist for 180-nm-rule reticle fabrication.
Falls, Functioning, and Disability Among Women With Persistent Symptoms of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (2017)

Purpose Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) may persist after treatment ends and may lead to functional decline and falls. This study compared objective and self-report measures of physical function, gait patterns, and falls between women cancer survivors with and without symptoms of CIPN to identify targets for functional rehabilitation. Methods A secondary data analysis of 512 women cancer survivors (age, 62 ± 6 years; time since diagnosis, 5.8 ± 4.1 years) categorized and compared women self-reporting symptoms of CIPN (CIPN+) with asymptomatic women (CIPN-) on the following: maximal leg strength, timed chair stand, physical function battery, gait characteristics (speed; step number, rate, and length; base of support), self-report physical function and disability, and falls in the past year. Results After an average of 6 years after treatment, 47% of women still reported symptoms of CIPN. CIPN+ had significantly worse self-report and objectively measured function than did CIPN-, with the exception of maximal leg strength and base of support during a usual walk. Gait was slower among CIPN+, with those women taking significantly more, but slower and shorter, steps than did CIPN- (all P < .05). CIPN+ reported significantly more disability and 1.8 times the risk of falls compared with CIPN- ( P < .0001). Increasing symptom severity was linearly associated with worsening function, increasing disability, and higher fall risk (all P < .05). Conclusion This work makes a significant contribution toward understanding the functional impact of CIPN symptoms on cancer survivors. Remarkably, 47% of women in our sample had CIPN symptoms many years after treatment, together with worse function, greater disability, and more falls. CIPN must be assessed earlier in the clinical pathway, and strategies to limit symptom progression and to improve function must be included in clinical and survivorship care plans.
3',7'-Dihydroxy-1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3',7'-Dihydroxy-1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene1Lilli Schwenk HornigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 18, 4572–4577Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01138a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01138a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of high performance pattern matching engine through compact deterministic finite automata (2008)

Pattern matching relies on deterministic finite automata (DFA) to search for predefined patterns. While a bit-DFA method is recently proposed to exploit the parallelism in pattern matching, we identify its limitations and present two schemes, Label Translation Table (LTT) and CAM-based Lookup Table (CLT), to reduce the DFA memory size by 85%, and simplify the design by requiring only four processing elements of bit-DFA instead of thousands.
Aluminum Tolerance in Transgenic Plants by Alteration of Citrate Synthesis (1997)

Aluminum when in soluble form, as found in acidic soils that comprise about 40 percent of the world's arable land, is toxic to many crops. Organic acid excretion has been correlated with aluminum tolerance in higher plants. Overproduction of citrate was shown to result in aluminum tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and papaya (Carica papaya) plants.
Unrestricted superlensing in a triangular two dimensional photonic crystal (2004)

We demonstrate unrestricted superlensing in a triangular twodimensional hotonic crystal. We investigate simple two-point light sources maged by a slab lenses made of this photonic crystal, and show that the efraction of light follows simple rules of geometric optics with the Snell'slaw efraction at each interface, and an effective isotropic refractive index n= -1 for light propagating inside the crystal. We contrast this behavior with that of a square two-dimensional photonic crystal in the first photonic band, where the effective dielectric response is anisotropic. This leads to a restricted superlensing, which does not follow the geometric optics.
Rapid Skin Edge Elevation Using the OCT Compound Droplet Technique to Obtain Horizontal Microsections in Mohs Micrographic Surgery (1991)

We describe a technique to quickly raise the skin edges when mounting flat tissue specimens on cryostat discs used in Mohs micrographic surgery. The technique consists of placing a drop of OCT compound on the superficial surface of the tissue before the specimen is mounted bottom-side-up on the cryostat object disc. When the Mohs tissue layer is transferred to the disc, the droplet spreads out underneath the tissue to support the bottom and to prevent the skin edges from dropping below the horizontal plane of the tissue. This technique assures that the skin edge and bottom surface of the tissue are on the same plane so that a complete section of the undersurface of the flat specimen is taken when the tissue is cut with the microtome. The technique is relatively simple to perform, requires no special instrumentation, and provides consistent microsections with complete skin edge.
The Mechanism of Binding of Glucoamylase I from<i>Aspergillus awamori</i>var.<i>kawachi</i>to Cyclodextrins and Raw Starch (1994)

Glucoamylase I (GAI) bound to β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with the binding constants of Kd = 17.7 μm and n = 1.69. Binding resulted in formation of an inclusion complex, as indicated by the fact that organic guest compounds for β-CD inhibited the binding of GAI to β-CD. Titration of GAI (A(1)-R(615)) with β-CD or Amylose A showed critical spectral perturbations at 286 nm that reflected the aromatic side chains of Tyr and Trp, but no spectral changes were observed in GAI' (A(1)-V(469)) and Gp-I (A(470)-V(514)). Titration of GAI with derivatives of β-CD, namely, 6-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (H-CD), 2,6-O-dimethyl-β-CD, and 2,3,6-O-trimethyl-β-CD, yielded spectral changes only in the case of H-CD. Therefore, the Cp region (A(515)-R(615)) of GAI seems stereospecifically able to recognize the structure of the secondary OH-side but not the primary OH-side of β-CD. Chemical modifications specific for aromatic amino acids of the GAI-CD inclusion complexes were done with N-bromosuccinimide and tetranitromethane. In the presence of β-CD, one Trp residue was protected from oxidation but Tyr residues were not. The analysis of a Cp region/β-galactosidase fusion protein indicated that Trp(562) contributed to formation of inclusion complexes.
The Radiation-induced Oxidation of Ferrous Ion (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Radiation-induced Oxidation of Ferrous IonTyson Rigg, Gabriel Stein, and Joseph WeissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 17, 4526–4527Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01622a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01622a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts