gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alcohol use before and during pregnancy. PRAMS Working Group. (1994)

A woman's excessive drinking during pregnancy can cause structural and behavioral abnormalities in her offspring. However, population-based data concerning maternal drinking behaviors are sparse. To describe drinking prevalences and patterns, we analyzed self-reported data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Systems of Maine, Michigan, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. During 1988 and 1989, 6,319 mothers were surveyed two to six months after delivery; state-specific response rates ranged from 65.6% to 83.5%. We applied statistical weights to the sample from each state; thus, the results estimate state-specific prevalences. State-specific prevalences of drinking during the last three months of pregnancy were low: 6.8% to 15.1% of mothers reported light drinking (one to six drinks per week), 0.06% to 0.30% reported moderate drinking (seven to 13 drinks per week), and 0.03% to 0.13% reported heavy drinking (14 or more drinks per week). In contrast, prevalences of drinking during the three months before pregnancy were much higher: the range was 31.9% to 53.8% for light drinking, 1.6% to 3.0% for moderate drinking, and 0.6% to 1.3% for heavy drinking. State-specific prevalences of mothers who reported receiving prenatal counseling about alcohol's effects ranged from 66.3% to 75.0%. More heavy drinkers than light drinkers received counseling. These findings indicate that moderate and heavy drinking during late pregnancy is relatively rare. However, all levels of drinking near the time of conception are much higher, and these results suggest the need for research into methods of reducing drinking before pregnancy.
Influence of photodynamic therapy on immunological aspects of disease - an update (2000)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilises light-absorbing compounds combined with directed photo-irradiation to produce clinical effects. This review updates advances in the understanding of the biochemical pathways triggered by PDT within cells, its influence upon different immune parameters and progress in the use of PDT against human immune-mediated disease. Several works have further defined the notable capacity of PDT to foster anticancer immunity.
IONIZATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: IV. STUDIES OF ETHANOL AND ETHYL ETHER IN SULPHURIC ACID BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (1962)

The chemical shift of the methyl protons relative to the methylenic protons of an ethyl group attached to a basic center increases with the acidity of the medium. This increase may be attributed to two effects: over a relatively narrow range of acidity function (H 0 ) values, to protonation of the basic center; over the complete H 0 range investigated, to a general solvent effect, which may be due to changing strengths of hydrogen bonds between the basic center or its conjugate acid and solvent water molecules. Protonation constants [Formula: see text] of −1.1 for propionamide and −6.9 for propionic acid have been calculated, in good agreement with values obtained by the ultraviolet spectrophotometric method; the constants calculated for diethyl ether (−6.2) and ethanol (−4.8) are much less certain, because of the greater magnitude of the solvent effect with these compounds.
A method of changing the dominant mode in a hollow metal waveguide and its application to bends (1959)

It is the usual practice to use, where possible, the dominant mode in a waveguide, because, by making the cross-section of the tube just sufficient to support that mode, all others can be effectively excluded. For some applications the normal dominant mode is unsuitable, and the paper describes arrangements by which another desired mode can be brought to the dominant role. Thus the H01 mode in a circular-section guide can probably be made effectively dominant by employing an anisotropic surface impedance, yielding an inductive reactance to the H modes and a capacitive reactance to the E modes. Advantage is also taken of the conversion of all H modes with the exception of the H0n family to corresponding E modes as a result of longitudinal current in the wall of the guide. The net result of this technique is to make the guide effectively larger for the H modes and smaller for the E modes, while virtually suppressing all H modes requiring for their support longitudinal current. The necessary anisotropic surface impedance is provided by transverse and longitudinal corrugations or by coating the metal with a thin layer of dielectric.
Zero-voltage-switching multi-resonant technique-a novel approach to improve performance of high frequency quasi-resonant converters (2003)

The power transistor in zero-current-switched quasiresonant converters (ZCS-QRCs) suffers from excessive voltage stress, and the converter regulation characteristics and stability are adversely affected by parasitic oscillations caused by the junction capacitance of the rectifying diode. A novel, multiresonant switch concept is proposed to overcome these problems. A unique multiresonant network arrangement results in absorption of all parasitic components, including transistor output capacitance, diode junction capacitance, and transformer leakage inductance, in the resonant circuit. This results in favorable switching conditions for all devices. Experimental results show that ZVS multiresonant converters are superior to ZVS-QRCs due to reduced transistor voltage stress and improved load range and stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High accuracy stimulus generation for A/D converter BIST (2003)

A novel approach is presented for digital generation of an analog waveform suitable for BIST of high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The staircase-like exponential waveform is shown to have properties of a perfectly linear ramp when used as the stimulus for a 3rd order polynomial fitting algorithm that measures offset, gain, 2nd and 3rd harmonic distortion. The technique is particularly suitable for testing high resolution (>12 bits) sigma-delta ADCs in a noisy environment, which can then be used to test digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Experimental results for a 44 kHz 16-bit ADC show that the technique measures distortion with better than 0.01% accuracy in the presence of random and 50 or 60 Hz noise.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Multifunctional High-<i>T</i><sub>g</sub> Photorefractive Materials Obtained via Reactive Precursor Polymers (2000)

We describe the synthesis of a new class of high-Tg multifunctional photorefractive polymers. They were obtained by radical copolymerization of methyl vinyl isocyanate and various N-substituted maleimides. Hole transporting carbazole moieties were attached through a variety of alkyl and phenyl spacers to the imide positions of the maleimides. In a polymer analogous reaction the reactive isocyanate groups of the precursor polymers were reacted with different hydroxyalkyl-terminated nonlinear optical chromophores. Two azo chromophores including dispersed red-1 and one pyrazolone dye were used. The resulting materials have been characterized by means of GPC, DSC, and UV/vis spectroscopy. All materials are amorphous and possess excellent solubility in common solvents such as chloroform and THF. Molecular weights range between 20 and 272 kg/mol. The glass-transition temperatures vary between 60 and 194 °C, depending on the length and the nature of the spacer groups between the maleimide rings and the carbazole moieties. Chromophore contents up to 44 mol % have been realized. Holographic experiments were performed on a device made from a multifunctionalized PR polymer plasticized such that the glass-transition temperature was Tg = 80 °C. The material was prepoled to break inversion symmetry and to induce macroscopic electrooptical properties. The steady-state gain coefficient (≈7 cm-1) and diffraction efficiency of this device (≈1%) were reduced compared with that of low-Tg materials. This is because orientational enhancement effects observed in low-Tg materials are excluded in the high-Tg regime. For the grating formation a dominant response time τ1 = 100 ms was found.
A new progressive palaeoniscoid - Mizhilepis from the Upper Triassic in Mizhi of north Shaanxi (2006)

The fish remains described here were collected in the 1980s by a group of peasants from the Upper Triassic Wayaobu Formation at Zhangya village of Mizhi County, Northern Shaanxi. More than thirty fish individuals were preserved on a gigantic specimen of greyish mud-bearing siltstone, and they represent a new genus and species of the family Scanilepidae.
Epoxidation reactions catalyzed by rat liver cytochromes P-450 and P-448 occur at different faces of the 8,9-double bond of 8-methylbenz[a]anthracene. (1982)

8-Methylbenz[a]anthracene (8-MeBaA) transdihydrodiol metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase and normal-phase HPLCs from incubations of 8-MeBaA with liver microsomes or a reconstituted system containing purified cytochrome P-448 and epoxide hydrolase. Regardless of the enzyme source, the metabolically formed 8-MeBaA trans-3,4- and -5,6-dihydrodiols were found to be enriched in one enantiomeric isomer and differed only in the degree of optical purity. The 8-MeBaA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol formed by liver microsomes from either untreated or phenobarbital-treated rats was enriched with the (+)-enantiomer. In contrast, the 8-MeBaA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol formed either by liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats or by the reconstituted rat liver enzyme system containing cytochrome P-448 and epoxide hydrolase was enriched with the (-)enantiomer. These results indicate that, in catalyzing the formation of 3,4- and 5,6-epoxide intermediates, the interaction with the unsubstituted 3,4- and 5,6-double bonds of 8-MeBaA by the different forms of cytochrome P-450 occur preferentially on the same face of the aromatic plane and they differ only in the degree of stereoselectivity. However, different forms of cytochrome P-450 may interact with different faces of the aromatic plane at the methyl-substituted 8,9-double bond of 8-MeBaA, resulting in the formation of trans-8,9-dihydrodiols enriched in different enantiomeric forms. This demonstrates that different forms of cytochrome P-450 may catalyze the epoxidation reaction preferentially at different sides of the methyl-substituted double bond of a planar polycyclic hydrocarbon molecule. These properties may be used to further classify and to understand the enzyme-substrate interactions of the different forms of cytochrome P-450 in the drug-metabolizing enzyme systems.
Topics in Multiple-Loop Regulators and Current-Mode Programming (1987)

Some general considerations about multiple-loop feedback are discussed, and it is concluded that incorporation of a current-programmed power stage into a ``new'' power stage model is both justified and useful. A new circuit-oriented model of the current feedback path is derived which augments the well-known power stage canonical circuit model. The current loop gain, though wide-band, is always stable if the conventional stabilizing ramp is employed but has a relatively small low-frequency value. Consequently, the ``new'' power stage is more usefully modeled by a y-parameter model in which the current loop is not explicit. Expressions for the y parameters are given that are extensions of those previously derived. Another form of the model resembles the original canonical form for duty ratio programming, and shows that current programming effectively introduces lossless series damping that separates widely the two poles of the power stage LC filter. Therefore, although current programming tends to make the power stage output behave as a current source, the contol-to-output voltage transfer function exhibits, in addition to the familiar dominant pole, a second pole at the current loop gain crossover frequency, which may lie anywhere from one-sixth to two-thirds of the switching frequency.
Ant Colony Optimization for Design of Water Distribution Systems (2003)

During the last decade, evolutionary methods such as genetic algorithms have been used extensively for the optimal design and operation of water distribution systems. More recently, ant colony optimization algorithms (ACOAs), which are evolutionary methods based on the foraging behavior of ants, have been successfully applied to a number of benchmark combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, a formulation is developed which enables ACOAs to be used for the optimal design of water distribution systems. This formulation is applied to two benchmark water distribution system optimization problems and the results are compared with those obtained using genetic algorithms (GAs). The findings of this study indicate that ACOAs are an attractive alternative to GAs for the optimal design of water distribution systems, as they outperformed GAs for the two case studies considered both in terms of computational efficiency and their ability to find near global optimal solutions.
[An experimental and clinical study of a new intubation tube with a foam-filled cuff]. (1989)

An experimental and clinical study of an endotracheal tube with a foam-filled cuff has been carried out. The experimental study showed that, during inspiration, the cuff was insufflated through the "T piece" connecting the cuff in the inspiratory limb of the ventilator circuit, preventing inspiratory leak. The intracuff pressure was equal to airway pressure. During expiration the gas insufflated into cuff leaked out through the "T piece" and intracuff pressure rapidly returned to zero. When N2O in 50% O2 was used for one hour, intracuff pressure did not increase. Twenty patients intubated with a foam-filled cuff tube, for ENT surgery, have been studied. The mean intubating time was 151 min +/- 36 and two patients were intubed, respectively, 26 hours and 28 hours. No complications were noted, 24 hours after extubation, during laryngeal fibroscopic control. Only two patients had light edema of the vocal cords and three of them had a light inflammation of the subglottic mucosa, without sore throat. No tracheal ischaemic damage nor tracheal mucosal inflammation were observed.
Versatile precision source ratioing system for fast kinetic spectroscopy (1976)

A system is described for the reduction of source intensity fluctuation errors in rapid kinetic spectroscopy. The system provides ratioing of the observed signal by a reference of source intensity. This operation is performed by true division in real time with an accuracy of ±0.15% over a ten-fold source intensity range and with a rise time of 11 μsec. Silicon photodiodes, operational amplifiers, and an electronic analog divider are used. The frequency response was evaluated with a modulated LED source, showing ≳ 100-fold rejection of common mode sinusoidal modulation for frequencies dc through 10 kHz. Broad band noise reduction of 100-fold was achieved for a He–Cd laser, running with ∼20% peak-to-peak noise. While designed initially for stopped flow spectroscopy, these characteristics are suitable for a wide range of rapid kinetic techniques with microsecond time response (e.g., temperature jump, light scattering, Raman, flash photolysis, and fluorescence) using both laser and arc sources.
Retrospective motion correction in digital subtraction angiography: a review (1999)

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a well-established modality for the visualization of blood vessels in the human body. A serious disadvantage of this technique, inherent to the subtraction operation, is its sensitivity to patient motion. The resulting artifacts frequently reduce the diagnostic value of the images. Over the past two decades, many solutions to this problem have been put forward. In this paper, we give an overview of the possible types of motion artifacts and the techniques that have been proposed to avoid them. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed review and discussion of retrospective motion correction techniques that have been described in the literature, to summarize the conclusions that can be drawn from these studies, and to provide suggestions for future research.
Direct Growth of GaN on (0001) Sapphire by Low Pressure Hydride Vapour Phase Epitaxy (2001)

A two-step process for GaN on (0001) sapphire based on low-temperature GaN nucleation in low pressure hydride vapour phase epitaxy using a conventional reactor is described. The process allows reproducibly for subsequent growth of high-quality GaN layers eliminating the need for ex-situ pregrowth processes like sputtering of ZnO or use of MOVPE-grown templates. By means of electron microscopy and thin film X-ray diffraction it is shown that the nucleation procedure yields high-density nucleation centers of the same orientation as the substrate and promotes the lateral growth of epitaxial GaN films.
Optical properties of snow (1982)

Measurements of the dependence of snow albedo on wavelength, zenith angle, grain size, impurity content, and cloud cover can be interpreted in terms of single‐scattering and multiple‐scattering radiative transfer theory. Ice is very weakly absorptive in the visible (minimum absorption at λ = 0.46 µm) but has strong absorption bands in the near infrared (near IR). Snow albedo is therefore much lower in the near IR. The near‐IR solar irradiance thus plays an important role in snowmelt and in the energy balance at a snow surface. The near‐IR albedo is very sensitive to snow grain size and moderately sensitive to solar zenith angle. The visible albedo (for pure snow) is not sensitive to these parameters but is instead affected by snowpack thickness and parts‐per‐million amounts (or less) of impurities. Grain size normally increases as the snow ages, causing a reduction in albedo. If the grain size increases as a function of depth, the albedo may suffer more reduction in the visible or in the near IR, depending on the rate of grain size increase. The presence of liquid water has little effect per se on snow optical properties in the solar spectrum, in contrast to its enormous effect on microwave emissivity. Snow albedo is increased at all wavelengths as the solar zenith angle increases but is most sensitive around λ =1 µm. Many apparently conflicting measurements of the zenith angle dependence of albedo are difficult to interpret because of modeling error, instrument error, and inadequate documentation of grain size, surface roughness, and incident radiation spectrum. Cloud cover affects snow albedo both by converting direct radiation into diffuse radiation and also by altering the spectral distribution of the radiation. Cloud cover normally causes an increase in spectrally integrated snow albedo. Some measurements of spectral flux extinction in snow are difficult to reconcile with the spectral albedo measurements. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function which apportions the reflected solar radiation among the various reflection angles must be known in order to interpret individual satellite measurements. It has been measured at the snow surface and at the top of the atmosphere, but its dependence on wavelength, snow grain size, and surface roughness is still unknown. Thermal infrared emissivity of snow is close to 100% but is a few percent lower at large viewing angles than for overhead viewing. It is very insensitive to grain size, impurities, snow depth, liquid water content, or density. Solar reflectance and microwave emissivity are both sensitive to various of these snowpack parameters. However, none of these parameters can be uniquely determined by satellite measurements at a single wavelength; a multichannel method is thus necessary if they are to be determined by remote sensing.
Quantifying the ventilatory control contribution to sleep apnoea using polysomnography (2014)

Elevated loop gain, consequent to hypersensitive ventilatory control, is a primary nonanatomical cause of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) but it is not possible to quantify this in the clinic. Here we provide a novel method to estimate loop gain in OSA patients using routine clinical polysomnography alone. We use the concept that spontaneous ventilatory fluctuations due to apnoeas/hypopnoeas (disturbance) result in opposing changes in ventilatory drive (response) as determined by loop gain (response/disturbance). Fitting a simple ventilatory control model (including chemical and arousal contributions to ventilatory drive) to the ventilatory pattern of OSA reveals the underlying loop gain. Following mathematical-model validation, we critically tested our method in patients with OSA by comparison with a standard (continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) drop method), and by assessing its ability to detect the known reduction in loop gain with oxygen and acetazolamide. Our method quantified loop gain from baseline polysomnography (correlation versus CPAP-estimated loop gain: n=28; r=0.63, p<0.001), detected the known reduction in loop gain with oxygen (n=11; mean±sem change in loop gain (ΔLG) -0.23±0.08, p=0.02) and acetazolamide (n=11; ΔLG -0.20±0.06, p=0.005), and predicted the OSA response to loop gain-lowering therapy. We validated a means to quantify the ventilatory control contribution to OSA pathogenesis using clinical polysomnography, enabling identification of likely responders to therapies targeting ventilatory control.
Ultrasonic measurements of velocity for modulus assessment of a material using a delay line approach (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. T. Ko, M. Y. Chen, W. C. Hoppe, J. L. Blackshire; Ultrasonic measurements of velocity for modulus assessment of a material using a delay line approach. AIP Conf. Proc. 25 January 2013; 1511 (1): 1446–1453. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4789212 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Fully optimized contracted Gaussian basis sets for atoms Li to Kr (1992)

Various contracted Gaussian basis sets for atoms up to Kr are presented which have been determined by optimizing atomic self-consistent field ground state energies with respect to all basis set parameters, i.e., orbital exponents and contraction coefficients.
Microbiological assay for vitamin B12 performed in 96-well microtitre plates. (1991)

A simplified microbiological assay for vitamin B12 estimation, completed on microtitre plates using a colistin sulphate resistant strain of Lactobacillus leichmannii (NCIB 12519), and cryopreserved cultures is described. The new assay correlated well with a more conventional "tube" assay and was not influenced by the presence of antibiotics in serum. Evaluation of assay performance showed excellent interassay and intra-assay precision with quantitative recovery of added cyanocobalamin over a wide range of additions (94.9%-102.1%). The advantages of short incubation time, easy reading, and minimal reagent costs make this assay an attractive option in the routine clinical laboratory and in research.
Treatment for delayed presentation of sagittal synostosis: challenges pertaining to occult intracranial hypertension (2011)

In this consecutive series, 11 of 17 patients with delayed presentation of ISS underwent ICP monitoring during calvarial reconstruction as a result of subtle clinical findings of intracranial hypertension. Nine (81.8%) of 11 monitored patients demonstrated intracranial hypertension. Calvarial reshaping along with ICP monitoring and CSF drainage facilitated reconstruction and resulted in good outcomes and the resolution of intracranial hypertension.