gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Model-based control strategy for document image analysis</title> (1992)

Generally, document analysis and understanding involves many processing steps, like unskewing, segmentation, logical labeling, text recognition, and text analysis. Most of these steps can be subdivided into different tasks depending on the problem-solving methods available. All of the techniques are more or less specialized to certain input, but some are also competitive. As a consequence, a document analysis system incorporating many analysis methods must properly schedule and control these methods to obtain an optimal result. In this paper, we present a model for the control strategy of a document image analysis system as well as mechanisms for its interpretation that describe three important aspects: which specialist can be applied to which object in which analysis state. The analysis model comprises all possible sequences of processing steps which are relevant for the analysis tasks. The underlying document architecture supports the analysis specialists by corresponding knowledge and provides a framework for representing the analysis results.
Real-Time Duplex Applications of Loop-Mediated AMPlification (LAMP) by Assimilating Probes (2015)

Isothermal nucleic-acid amplification methods such as Loop-Mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP) are increasingly appealing alternatives to PCR for use in portable diagnostic system due to the low cost, weight, and power requirements of the instrumentation. As such, interest in developing new probes and other functionality based on the LAMP reaction has been intense. Here, we report on the development of duplexed LAMP assays for pathogen detection using spectrally unique Assimilating Probes. As proof of principle, we used a reaction for Salmonella enterica as a model coupled with a reaction for λ-phage DNA as an internal control, as well as a duplexed assay to sub-type specific quarantine strains of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Detection limits for bacterial DNA analyzed in individual reactions was less than 100 genomic equivalents in all cases, and increased by one to two orders of magnitude when reactions were coupled in duplexed formats. Even so, due to the more robust activity of newly available strand-displacing polymerases, the duplexed assays reported here were more powerful than analogous individual reactions reported only a few years ago, and represent a significant advance for incorporation of internal controls to validate assay results in the field.
Does resistance really carry a fitness cost? (2017)

Insecticide resistance mutations are widely assumed to carry fitness costs. However studies to measure such costs are rarely performed on genetically related strains and are often only done in the laboratory. Theory also suggests that once evolved the cost of resistance can be offset by the evolution of fitness modifiers. But for insecticide resistance only one such example is well documented. Here we critically examine the literature on fitness costs in the absence of pesticide and ask if our knowledge of molecular biology has helped us predict the costs associated with different resistance mechanisms. We find that resistance alleles can arise from pre-existing polymorphisms and resistance associated variation can also be maintained by sexual antagonism. We describe novel mechanisms whereby both resistant and susceptible alleles can be maintained in permanent heterozygosis and discuss the likely consequences for fitness both in the presence and absence of pesticide. Taken together these findings suggest that we cannot assume that resistance always appears de novo and that our assumptions about the associated fitness costs need to be informed by a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular biology.
Green Fluorescent Protein in Inertially Injected Aqueous Nanodroplets (2008)

We inertially inject and study the contents of optically trappable aqueous nanodroplets (hydrosomes) emulsified in a perfluorinated matrix. A new piezoelectric actuated device for production of single hydrosomes on demand is introduced. Hydrosomes containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were injected, optically trapped, and held at the focus of an excitation laser in a confocal microscope, and single-molecule photobleaching events were observed. The rotational diffusion time of EGFP in trapped hydrosomes was measured using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. In free solution, the mean rotational diffusion time was determined to be 13.8 +/- 0.1 ns at 3 microM and 14.0 +/- 0.2 ns at 10 microM. In hydrosomes, the mean rotational diffusion time was similar and determined to be 12.6 +/- 1.0 ns at 3 microM and 15.5 +/- 1.6 ns at 10 microM. We conclude that the rotational motion inside the nanodroplets is consistent with rotation in free solution and that the protein therefore does not aggregate at the water-oil interface. Protein can be confined in hydrosomes with high efficiency using this technique, which provides an alternative to surface attachment or lipid encapsulation and opens up new avenues of research using single molecules contained in fluid nanovolumes.
Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensor Based on Hybrid Raman and Brillouin Scattering Employing Multiwavelength Fabry–PÉrot Lasers (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We propose the use of standard multiwavelength Fabry–PÉrot (FP) lasers for distributed strain and temperature measurement in hybrid Raman- and Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensors. The multiple longitudinal modes of FP lasers allow for accurate spontaneous Raman scattering measurement and for simultaneous high-sensitivity coherent detection of the Brillouin frequency shift parameter for all longitudinal modes. Experimental results confirm great performance improvement in simultaneous strain and temperature measurement using a single optical fiber. </para>
Emerging therapies for mitochondrial diseases (2018)

For the vast majority of patients with mitochondrial diseases, only supportive and symptomatic therapies are available. However, in the last decade, due to extraordinary advances in defining the causes and pathomechanisms of these diverse disorders, new therapies are being developed in the laboratory and are entering human clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the current use of dietary supplement and exercise therapies as well as emerging therapies that may be broadly applicable across multiple mitochondrial diseases or tailored for specific disorders. Examples of non-tailored therapeutic targets include: activation of mitochondrial biogenesis, regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, bypass of biochemical defects, mitochondrial replacement therapy, and hypoxia. In contrast, tailored therapies are: scavenging of toxic compounds, deoxynucleoside and deoxynucleotide treatments, cell replacement therapies, gene therapy, shifting mitochondrial DNA mutation heteroplasmy, and stabilization of mutant mitochondrial transfer RNAs.
Power disturbance identification through pattern recognition system (2002)

This paper presents an artificial intelligent system to identify and classify the power disturbance waveforms that are obtained from the monitoring system in a power control station. The pattern recognition technique used in this paper is a combination of Bayes' linear classifier and artificial neural network (ANN). Simulated disturbance waveforms are transformed by the fast Fourier transformation and the feature vector is extracted. The weight matrix for ANN is generated by the linear classifier and fed into ANN. The product of the test sample and the weight matrix will be the input of the ANN. The system can identify the power disturbance and it can provide the power surge frequency as well.
Orf virus-encoded chemokine-binding protein is a potent inhibitor of inflammatory monocyte recruitment in a mouse skin model (2009)

The parapoxvirus orf virus causes pustular dermatitis in sheep and is transmissible to humans. The virus encodes a secreted chemokine-binding protein (CBP). We examined the ability of this protein to inhibit migration of murine monocytes in response to CC inflammatory chemokines, using chemotaxis assays, and its effects on monocyte recruitment into the skin, using a mouse model in which inflammation was induced with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. CBP was shown to bind murine chemokines CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 with high affinity by surface plasmon resonance and it completely inhibited chemokine-induced migration of monocytes at a CBP:chemokine molar ratio of 4:1. In the mouse, low levels of CBP potently inhibited the recruitment of Gr-1+/CD11b+ monocytes to the site of inflammation in the skin but had little effect on neutrophil recruitment, suggesting that this factor plays a role in disrupting chemokine-induced recruitment of specific immune cell types to infection sites.
Regulation of the <i>Neurospora</i> circadian clock by an RNA helicase (2004)

The eukaryotic circadian oscillators consist of autoregulatory negative-feedback loops. FRQ, WC-1, and WC-2 are three known components of the negative-feedback loop of the Neurospora circadian oscillator. FRQ represses its own transcription by interacting with the WC-1/WC-2 complex and inhibiting WC's role in transcriptional activation. Here we show that all FRQ associates with FRH, an essential DEAD box-containing RNA helicase in Neurospora. The budding yeast homolog of FRH, Dob1p/Mtr4p, is a cofactor of exosome, an important regulator of RNA metabolism in eukaryotes. Down-regulation of FRH by inducible expression of a hairpin RNA leads to low levels of FRQ but high levels of frq RNA and the abolishment of circadian rhythmicities. FRH is associated with the WC complex and this interaction is maintained in a frq null strain. Disruption of the FRQ-FRH complex by deleting a domain in FRQ eliminates the FRQ-WC interaction, suggesting that FRH mediates the interaction between FRQ and the WC complex. These data demonstrate that FRH is an essential component in the circadian negative-feedback loop and reveal an unexpected role of an RNA helicase in regulating gene transcription.
Immunologic studies on the influenza A virus nonstructural protein NS1. (1982)

We purified the major influenza virus nonstructural protein, designated NS1, from cytoplasmic inclusions that were solubilized and used to raise antisera in rabbits. One of the antisera was found to be specific for NS1 by complement fixation tests and analyses of immune precipitates. Antiserum to NS1 isolated from cells infected with A/WSN/33 virus specifically precipitated NS1 from extracts of cells infected with seven distinct isolates of influenza A virus representing five different antigenic subtypes. These included A/WSN/33, A/PR/8/34, A/FW/5/50, A/USSR/90/77, A/RI/5+/57, A/Victoria/3/75, and A/Swine /1977/31; however, NS1 from cells infected with B/Lee/40 virus was not precipitated. Radioimmunoassays using radioiodinated NS1 protein from A/WSN virus-infected cells and unlabeled cytoplasmic extracts of cells infected with various strains of influenza virus as competitors indicated significant antigenic cross-reactivities for the NS1 proteins of all influenza A viruses tested. The results suggest a gradual antigenic drift over the 45 yr separating the earliest and most recent virus isolates examined. Thus, compared with the virion neuraminidase and hemagglutinin antigens, NS1 appears to be highly conserved in different influenza A virus isolates.
Holistic scheduling and analysis of mixed time/event-triggered distributed embedded systems (2002)

This paper deals with specific issues related to the design of distributed embedded systems implemented with mixed, event-triggered and time-triggered task sets, which communicate over bus protocols consisting of both static and dynamic phases. Such systems are emerging as the new standard for automotive applications. We have developed a holistic timing analysis and scheduling approach for this category of systems. We have also identified several new design problems characteristic to such hybrid systems. An example related to bus access optimization in the context of a mixed static/dynamic bus protocol is presented. Experimental results prove the efficiency of such an optimization approach.
Cytopathic Killing of Peripheral Blood CD4<sup>+</sup>T Lymphocytes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Appears Necrotic rather than Apoptotic and Does Not Require<i>env</i> (2002)

An important unresolved issue of AIDS pathogenesis is the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced CD4(+) T-lymphocyte destruction. We show here that HIV type 1 (HIV-1) exerts a profound cytopathic effect upon peripheral blood CD4(+) T lymphocytes that resembles necrosis rather than apoptosis. Necrotic cytopathology was found with both laboratory-adapted strains and primary isolates of HIV-1. We carefully investigated the role of env, which has been previously implicated in HIV cytopathicity. HIV-1 stocks with equivalent infectivity were prepared from constructs with either an intact or mutated env coding region and pseudotyped with the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) so that the HIV envelope was not rate-limiting for infection. Infected Jurkat T cells died whether or not env was intact; however, the expression of env accelerated death significantly. The accelerated death was blocked by protease inhibitors, indicating that it was due to reinfection by newly produced virus in env(+) cultures. Accordingly, we found no disparity in kinetics in CD4(lo) Jurkat cells. In highly infected peripheral blood T cells, profound necrosis occurred equivalently with both env(+) and env(-) stocks of HIV-1. We also found that HIV-1 cytopathicity was undiminished by the absence of nef. However, viral stocks made by complementation or packaging of HIV-1 genomes with the natural protein-coding sequences replaced by the green fluorescent protein were highly infectious but not cytopathic. Thus, env can accelerate cell death chiefly as an entry function, but one or more viral functions other than env or nef is essential for necrosis of CD4(+) T cells induced by HIV-1.
<title>Transparent metal electrodes: the photonic bandgap approach</title> (1998)

Several groups have been investigating the possibility of using 1D photonic band gap (PBG) structures to make better reflectors. It was found that by using alternating layers of metal and dielectric, the reflectivity could be enhanced over the bulk metal for a narrow range of frequencies inside the gap. Alternately, we have recently demonstrated that these periodic metal/dielectric PBGs (MD-PBGs) have an unusually high transmittance in the pass band. It is possible to have a MD-PBG containing a total amount of metal of more than five optical skin depths thick, and yet maintain a transmittance of > 60 percent over the entire visible range of wavelengths. Due to the high conductivity of metals compared with semiconducting indium tin oxide films, the overall figure of merit for MD-PBGs can be much larger. In addition, the transmission band for the MD-PBGs can be designed to filter unwanted wavelengths and provide optimum color control.
Multipredictive adaptive control of arc welding trailing centerline temperature (2000)

This application paper addresses the use of adaptive predictive control on arc welding trailing centerline temperature control. For tackling the high level of uncertainty in the process the multivariable multipredictive adaptive regulator (MUSMAR) adaptive algorithm, relying on separate estimation of predictive models is used. Experimental results presented include characterization of plant uncertainty and of the effect in control performance of various available knobs, in particular in the presence of plates with variable geometry.
Intravascular ultrasound detection and delivery of molecularly targeted microbubbles for gene delivery (2012)

We are investigating the combination of microbubble-based targeted drug delivery and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging as a potential therapy to reduce incidence of restenosis following stent placement in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. The goal of these studies was to determine whether IVUS could be used to detect targeted microbubbles and enhance drug/gene delivery through targeting. Quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were stimulated with cytokine IL-1β to induce the inflammatory cell surface marker vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Molecular-targeted (VCAM-1 Ab or IgG control Ab), fluorescent-labeled microbubbles were conjugated with plasmid DNA expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP, pMax-GFP) and exposed to the inflamed SMCs under flow to measure adhesion compared with control microbubbles. Gene delivery was performed using a modified IVUS catheter to generate 1.5-MHz ultrasound at 200 kPa. Detection of adherent microbubbles to inflamed SMCs in culture and flow chambers was measured using an IVUS catheter and scanner. VCAM-1-targeted microbubbles enhanced adhesion to inflamed SMCs 100-fold over nontargeted microbubbles. Compared with noninflamed SMCs, VCAM-1-targeted microbubbles exhibited a 7.9-fold increase in adhesion to IL-1β-treated cells. Targeted microbubbles resulted in a 5.5-fold increase in plasmid DNA transfection over nontargeted microbubbles in conjunction with a focused 2.54-cm (1-in) diameter 1-MHz transducer and also enhanced transfection by the modified IVUS transducer at 1.5 MHz. Targeted microbubbles (at a density of 3 × 10⁴ microbubbles/mm²) increased IVUS image intensity 13.2 dB over non-microbubble-coated surfaces. Rupture of microbubbles from the modified IVUS transducer resulted in a 53% reduction in image intensity. Taken together, these results indicate that IVUS may be used to detect targeted microbubbles to inflamed vasculature and subsequently deliver a gene/drug locally.
Surveillance strategies for a class of adaptive-routing algorithms in circuit-switched DNHR communications networks: a simulation study (1988)

A large, circuit-switched, communications network engineered for historical traffic patterns using dynamic nonhierarchical routing (DNHR) is considered. During overloads, the offered traffic many not follow the historical patterns. In such situations, it is possible to increase network throughput by augmenting the routing tables in near-realtime to utilize instantaneous spare capacity. The surveillance strategy determines how often network data is collected and how frequently additional paths are added to the routing tables. Six surveillance strategies for adaptive routing are examined: (1) 2.5-min surveillance interval; (2) 5-min surveillance interval; (3) 10-min surveillance interval; (4) 15-min surveillance interval; (5) modify the routing every other 5 min; and (6) modify the routing every 5 min with a fixed 10-min lag before the routing tables are changed. Simulation is used to compare the network performance to the baseline performance without adaptive routing for each of the strategies. It is found that the more adaptive strategies, (1), (2), and (6), perform better during periods with variable traffic, and that the less adaptive strategies perform better during periods with stable traffic. During heavy overloads, almost as important as the surveillance strategy is the number of problems, overflowing node pairs, and the algorithm attempts to relieve.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An efficient region-based skin color model for reliable face localization (2009)

Skin color model classification is one of the several methods used for face detection. Colorspaces which discriminate between lightness and chrominance components such as HSI, HSV, YCrCb, and so forth are commonly picked to implement skin color model as their skin detection has lightness variation independence property. However, the popular conventional single-pixel-based skin color classification based on the chrominance component might fail because of several reasons. For examples, noises and skin-color-like objects may be misinterpreted to skin and unseen skin colors may be absent which causes the fragmented skin regions. To overcome this problem, we propose a new structure of skin color model which archives maximum range of variation of each color component over a small region instead of single pixel. HSV and TSL colorspaces are chosen for this research as their lightness variation independence property. In our experiments, with our proposed face localization with region-based skin color model approach, the face detection rate is higher in comparison to single-pixel-based approaches.
Stockage d'énergie et climatisation automobile en roulage urbain et mode stop-start (2017)

. RePeres) LES VEHICULES PROPRES m Stockage d'energie et climatisation automobile en roulage urbain et mode stop-start Par Gwenael GUYONVARCH,Regine HALLER,Loic LEPETIT Valeo Thermique Habitacle, La llerriere Mots cles Climatisation, Stop-start, Stockage, Materiaua changement dephase, Compresseur deconditionnement d'air Introduction Les objectifs europeens d'emissions moyennes de C02 de 140 g/km par vehicule en 2008, puis de 120 g/km en 2012 constituent des incitations fortes a l'adoption de solutions innovantes dans le domaine des chaines de traction. La dieselisation croissante du parc automobile associee aux progres importants de ce type de motorisation a permis de tendre vers ces niveaux. La reduction des cylindrees, tant en essence qu'en diesel, doit egalement y contribuer. En outre, la contribution de la fonction stop- start doit etre decisive pour le succes final. Elle permet de faire baisser les consommations de 5 a 10 % supplementaires. Cependant, le fait de couper le moteur lorsqu'un vehi- cule s'immobilise pose un probleme de maintien des fonctions de confort, au premier rang desquelles le chauf- fage et la climatisation. La question du chauffa
Penalty-free polarisation compensation of SiO <sub>2</sub> /Siarrayed waveguide grating wavelength multiplexers using stress release grooves (1998)

A new method for the compensation of polarisation sensitivity of arrayed waveguide grating wavelength multiplexers based on SiO2 is presented. By means of stress release grooves, fabrication induced waveguide birefringence is compensated without performance degradation. Reductions of TE/TM passband shifts from 0.66 nm to < 0.05 nm are demonstrated.
Radiation trapping forces on microspheres with optical tweezers (1993)

Axial trapping forces exerted on microspheres are predicted using a Gaussian beam electromagnetic field model and a ray-optics model, and compared with experimental measurements. Ray-optics predicts a maximum trapping efficiency Q= −0.14 for optically trapped polystyrene microspheres in water, compared to a measured value of −0.12 ± 0.014 for 10 μm diam microspheres. When the microspheres are composed of amorphous silica, the predicted ray-optics Q decreases to −0.11, compared to a Q = −0.034 predicted by the electromagnetic field model, and a measured value of −0.012 ± 0.001 for 1 μm diam microspheres. These results indicate that the two models have applicability in two different size regimes, and thus, are complementary.
Acid-Catalyzed Cyclization of 1,19-Unsubstituted a,c-Biladienes (1998)

A new route for the synthesis of corroles through cyclization of a,c-biladienes in acidic media is reported. Spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixture shows that it proceeds with an intramolecular pathway through the formation of a totally conjugated open-chain tetrapyrrole. The presence of substituents at the 10-position of the tetrapyrrole strongly influences the fate of the reaction: phenyl groups accelerate the cyclization to corrole, whereas in the presence of alkyl substituents this reaction does not occur. This effect has been examined by means of computational methods, and it has been demonstrated that conformational factors are dominant in driving the reaction toward the formation of the macrocycle.