gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group signatures á la carte (1999)

A group signature scheme allows any member of a potentially large group to sign on behalf of the group. Group signatures are anonymous and unlinkable. Only a designated group manager can co-relate signatures and/or reveal the identity of the actual signer. At the same time, no one (including a group manager) can misattribute a valid signature. In this paper we construct a very efficient and provably secure group signature scheme. 1 Introduction A group signature allows any group member to sign on behalf of the group. Group signatures are publicly verifiable but anonymous in that, no one, with the exception of a designated group manager, can establish the identity of the signer. Furthermore, group signatures are unlinkable which makes it computationally hard to establish whether or not multiple signatures are produced by the same group member. In exceptional cases (such as a legal dispute) any group signature can be &quot;opened&quot; by a group manager to reveal unambiguously the identity of t...
Technology Tips: October 2001 (2001)

Al Coons kicks off this month's column with an excellent demonstration of how he uses grouping to organize and store data, regression models, and graphs. Our second tip gives a brief introduction to TI InterActive!, the dynamic mathematics software from Texas Instruments. Not surprisingly, we chose to feature the TI InterActive! Web site for this month's installment of “Surfing notes.”
Atopic Dermatitis and Fungi (2002)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, itching, inflammatory skin disease which is associated with asthma and/or hay fever and a familial occurrence of these conditions. Genetic factors are important in the development of AD, but the exact hereditary pathway is still unknown. Dry skin and the weakened barrier function in patients with AD is very important for the patient's reactions to irritants and other external trigger factors including microorganisms. The standard treatments are topical corticosteroids, topical immunomodulating agents, and emollients. If AD cannot be controlled by this type of treatment, systemic immunomodulating agents may be used. UVB, UVA, or psoralen-UVA may also be used for widespread severe lesions. However, some patients do not respond to these standard treatment, and then it is important to consider the role of microorganisms, house dust mites or food. The role of the Malassezia yeasts in AD, especially AD located to the head and neck region, is now documented in several papers. There are also several papers indicating the role of Candida as an aggravating factor in AD. Patients with AD also develop chronic dermatophyte infections more easily, and patients with AD and chronic dermatophyte infections may show improvement in their AD when treated with antifungal drugs.
Metabolic Bone Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease (2007)

Metabolic bone disease is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is part of a broad spectrum of disorders of mineral metabolism that occur in this clinical setting and result in both skeletal and extraskeletal consequences. Detailed research in that past 4 decades has uncovered many of the mechanisms that are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the disturbances of bone and mineral metabolism and has been translated successfully from "bench to bedside" so that efficient therapeutic strategies now are available to control the complications of disturbed mineral metabolism. Recent emphasis is on the need to begin therapy early in the course of CKD. Central to the assessment of disturbances in bone and mineral metabolism is the ability to make an accurate assessment of the bone disease by noninvasive means. This remains somewhat problematic, and although measurements of parathyroid hormone are essential, recently recognized difficulties with these assays make it difficult to provide precise clinical practice guidelines for the various stages of CKD at the present time. Further research and progress in this area continue to evaluate the appropriate interventions to integrate therapies for both the skeletal and extraskeletal consequences with a view toward improving patient outcomes.
Xenogenic Bone Matrix Extracts Induce Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2007)

Colloss and Colloss-E are sterile acellular lyophilizates extracted from bovine and equine bone matrix, respectively. Animal and clinical studies have shown that these xenogenic bone matrix extracts (BMEs) are effective as bone graft substitutes. In this report, we investigated the effect of Colloss and Colloss-E on human adult in vitro-expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Specifically, we assessed whether these xenogenic BMEs induced osteoblastic differentiation of cultured BMMSC. We show that BMMSCs treated with either Colloss or Colloss-E exhibited characteristic osteoblastic morphological changes accompanied by the expression of osteoblast-specific markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin secretion and calcium deposits, explicitly demonstrating that these bone matrix extracts induce osteoblastic differentiation of BMMSCs in vitro. Hence, xenogenic BMEs induce bone-specific differentiation of BMMSCs, presumably through providing stem cells with structural and soluble mediators that mimic the in vivo microenvironment. These results may explain the in vivo mode of action of these medical devices, and potentially provide a novel tissue engineering-based treatment of bone defect, using autologous BMMSCs pretreated with BMEs.
Adaptive Slice Representation for Human Action Classification (2014)

Common action recognition methods describe an action sequence along with its time axis, i.e., first extracting features from the x y plane, and then modeling the dynamic changes along with the time axis. Other than the ordinary x y plane-based representation, other views, e.g., xt slice-based representation, may be more efficient to distinguish different actions. In this paper, we investigate different slicing views of the spatiotemporal volume to organize action sequences and propose an efficient slice representation for human action recognition. First, a minimum average entropy principle is proposed to select the optimal slicing angle for each action sequence adaptively. This allows the foreground pixels to be distributed in the fewest slices so as to reduce more uncertainty caused by the information dispersed in different slices. Then, the obtained slice sequence is transformed into a pair of 1-D signals to describe the distribution of foreground pixels along the time axis. Finally, the mel frequency cepstrum coefficient features are calculated to describe the spectrum characteristics of the 1-D signals over time. Thus, a 3-D spatiotemporal action volume is efficiently transformed into a low-dimensional spectrum features. Extensive experiments on the 2-D human action data sets (the UIUC and the WEIZMANN) as well as the Microsoft Research (MSR) Action3-D depth data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the slice-based representation, where the recognition performance can reach to the state-of-the-art level with high efficiency.
<p>Targeting stem cells in the realm of drug-resistant breast cancer</p> (2019)

Since its first documentation, breast cancer (BC) has been a conundrum that ails millions of women every year. This cancer has been well studied by researchers all over the world, which has improved the patient outcome significantly. There are many diagnostic markers to identify the disease, but early detection and then subclassification of this cancer remain dubious. Even after the correct diagnosis, more than half the patients come back with a more aggressive and metastatic tumor. The underpinning mechanism that governs the resistance includes over-amplification of receptors, mutations in key gene targets, and activation of different signaling. A plethora of drugs have been devised that have shown promising results in clinical settings. However, in recent times, the role played by cancer stem cells in disease progression and their interaction in mediating the resistance to cellular insults have come into the limelight. As breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are dormant in nature, it is highly likely that they fail to directly respond to the cytotoxic drugs which are meant for ablating rapidly proliferating cells. Furthermore, the absence of well-characterized, drug-able surface markers to date, has limited the application of targeted therapies in complete eradication of the disease. In this review, our intent is to discuss versatile therapeutics in practice followed by discussing the upcoming therapy strategies in the pipeline for BC. Furthermore, we focus on the roles played by BCSCs in mediating the resistance, and therefore, the aspects of new therapeutics against BCSCs under development that may ease the burden in future has also been discussed.
The emerging roles of mannose‐binding lectin‐associated serine proteases (<scp>MASP</scp>s) in the lectin pathway of complement and beyond (2016)

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine proteases (MASPs) are the enzymatic constituents of the lectin pathway of the complement system. They are complexed with large pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) such as MBL, other collectins, and ficolins. The main function of two of the three MASPs has crystallized lately: MASP-1 autoactivates first, then it activates MASP-2, and finally both participate in the formation of the C4b2a convertase. In addition to this, both enzymes are involved in several other processes which are subject to intense research nowadays. Notably, MASP-1, as a promiscuous enzyme, has been implicated in the coagulation cascade, in the kinin generating contact system, and in cellular activation through protease-activated receptor (PAR) cleavage on endothelial cells. The third protease MASP-3 has emerged recently as the protease responsible for pro-factor D activation in resting blood, providing a fundamental link between two complement pathways. At present all three MASPs have at least one well-defined role and several other possible functions were implicated. Defect or more likely over-activation of MASPs may culminate into diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI); hence, MASPs are all potential targets of drug development.
On-Line Interaction and Why Candidates Avoid It (2000)

Journal Article On-Line Interaction and Why Candidates Avoid It Get access Jennifer Stromer-Galley Jennifer Stromer-Galley 1Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 50, Issue 4, December 2000, Pages 111–132, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02865.x Published: 10 January 2006
Halofuginone Inhibits the Establishment and Progression of Melanoma Bone Metastases (2012)

TGF-β derived from bone fuels melanoma bone metastases by inducing tumor secretion of prometastatic factors that act on bone cells to change the skeletal microenvironment. Halofuginone is a plant alkaloid derivative that blocks TGF-β signaling with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative properties. Here, we show for the first time that halofuginone therapy decreases development and progression of bone metastasis caused by melanoma cells through the inhibition of TGF-β signaling. Halofuginone treatment of human melanoma cells inhibited cell proliferation, phosphorylation of SMAD proteins in response to TGF-β, and TGF-β-induced SMAD-driven transcription. In addition, halofuginone reduced expression of TGF-β target genes that enhance bone metastases, including PTHrP, CTGF, CXCR4, and IL11. Also, cell apoptosis was increased in response to halofuginone. In nude mice inoculated with 1205 Lu melanoma cells, a preventive protocol with halofuginone inhibited bone metastasis. The beneficial effects of halofuginone treatment were comparable with those observed with other anti-TGF-β strategies, including systemic administration of SD208, a small-molecule inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I kinase, or forced overexpression of Smad7, a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, mice with established bone metastases treated with halofuginone had significantly less osteolysis than mice receiving placebo assessed by radiography. Thus, halofuginone is also effective in reducing the progression of melanoma bone metastases. Moreover, halofuginone treatment reduced melanoma metastasis to the brain, showing the potential of this novel treatment against cancer metastasis.
A multi-hypothesis particle filter for indoor dynamic localization (2009)

Particle filters are frequently used to track mobile targets in indoor environments. However, standard particle filters encounter problems tracking targets facing decisions involving divergent choices such as intersections of corridors. The target either turns to the right or left, intermediate values are not possible. The available observations might not be (at least initially) sufficient to decide which choice was taken by the target. If the prediction model takes the wrong decision, the model will diverge very quickly from the real target location. In this paper we present a modified particle filter which tracks multiple hypotheses about the decisions made by the target. Whenever the target faces a decision, the particle cloud is split by a predefined, possibly probabilistic, hypothesis modifier. The resulting particle clouds have their own prediction model but they share the weight update and resampling step. This separation lasts until the observations can conclusively identify one of the hypotheses as the correct one, or until the hypotheses converge. Our approach uses measurement of wireless media signal strengths to provide the input necessary for the localization using the GRAIL system. We validate our model through experiments covering several movement and decision scenarios typical in indoor environments.
A Method for Removing Titanium Dioxide Impurities from Kaolin (1969)

Abstract The removal of titanium minerals from kaolin can be accomplished by treatment with dispersing agents in an amount in excess of that required to produce maximum deflocculation of the kaolinite particles. In this reflocculated state the kaolinite particles attain a high degree of suspensional stability, and the titanium mineral particles, primarily anatase, are liberated and can be separated by sedimentation. Substantial removal of anatase impurities can be achieved by this method.
Discriminative topic modeling based on manifold learning (2010)

Topic modeling has been popularly used for data analysis in various domains including text documents. Previous topic models, such as probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (pLSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), have shown impressive success in discovering low-rank hidden structures for modeling text documents. These models, however, do not take into account the manifold structure of data, which is generally informative for the non-linear dimensionality reduction mapping. More recent models, namely Laplacian PLSI (LapPLSI) and Locally-consistent Topic Model (LTM), have incorporated the local manifold structure into topic models and have shown the resulting benefits. But these approaches fall short of the full discriminating power of manifold learning as they only enhance the proximity between the low-rank representations of neighboring pairs without any consideration for non-neighboring pairs. In this paper, we propose Discriminative Topic Model (DTM) that separates non-neighboring pairs from each other in addition to bringing neighboring pairs closer together, thereby preserving the global manifold structure as well as improving the local consistency. We also present a novel model fitting algorithm based on the generalized EM and the concept of Pareto improvement. As a result, DTM achieves higher classification performance in a semi-supervised setting by effectively exposing the manifold structure of data. We provide empirical evidence on text corpora to demonstrate the success of DTM in terms of classification accuracy and robustness to parameters compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
Chemical shift artifact in clinical magnetic resonance images at 0.35 T (1985)

A thin, low-intensity line, which partially surrounds many structures on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is an artifact due to the phenomenon of chemical shift and should not be mistaken for a normal or abnormal morphologic structure. This artifact can be recognized by its characteristic appearance perpendicular to the direction of the frequency-encoding gradient at the interface of tissues with different chemical shift properties. Confinement within or extension beyond this thin, low-intensity line cannot be used as a criterion for staging neoplasms. Once recognized, the chemical shift artifact should not impede the use of MRI for clinical imaging at 0.35 T.
Dynamic Performance Assessment of HVDC Systems (1992)

To ensure that an HVDC power system will perform satisfactorily, analytical investigation is required to accurately assess the dynamic performance of the HVDC system. This paper outlines some of the techniques available and their merits. Results of dynamic simulation of New Zealand's new Hybrid HVDC system are also presented. Finally, research into a new hybrid technique is alluded to.
Hydraulic Conductivity and Swelling of Nonprehydrated GCLs Permeated with Single-Species Salt Solutions (2001)

The influence of single-species salt solutions of various concentration, cation valence, and pH on swelling and hydraulic conductivity of nonprehydrated GCLs was examined. At similar concentration, swell was largest with NaCl, KCl, and LiCl solutions (monovalent cations Na+, K+, and Li+) and smallest with LaCl3 solutions (trivalent cation La3+). Intermediate swell volumes were obtained with divalent solutions (CaCl2, MgCl2, ZnCl2, and CuCl2). Analogous results were obtained from hydraulic conductivity tests. GCL specimens permeated with solutions containing divalent or trivalent cations had higher hydraulic conductivity than GCLs permeated with monovalent solutions or deionized water, unless the divalent or trivalent solutions were very dilute (≤0.01 M). Hydraulic conductivity increased as the concentration increased, and at high concentration (1 M) only small differences existed between hydraulic conductivities measured with all solutions. Swelling and hydraulic conductivity were related to size of the hydrated cation for monovalent cations, but no relationship was observed for different species of divalent and trivalent cations provided that the valence was the same. However, pH only influenced swelling and hydraulic conductivity when the pH was very low (<3) or very high (>12).
Swelling and time-dependent subcritical debonding of underfill during temperature-humidity aging of flip chip packages (2005)

Stress corrosion cracking and the associated time-dependent subcritical debonding of the underfill-die interface is believed to be responsible for a large disparity between the reliabilities of flip chip-underfill packages subjected to two different aging conditions: 1) 85/spl deg/C/85% RH (>3500 h) and 2) 121/spl deg/C/100% RH (/spl sim/100 h). The ratio of the transverse stress at the bump (Sy) to the shear stress at the die edge (Sxy) has been found to correlate well with the two characteristic autoclave failure signatures: random local failure and die edge delamination. The first failure mode is promoted by a high Sy-Sxy ratio. A practical finding from this study is that raising the curing temperature of the underfill offers a simple and effective means of enhancing the autoclave performance of the flip chip-underfill package.
Hybrid Propellant Tanks for Spacecraft and Launch Vehicles (2003)

Within the last ten years, the commercial communications satellite industry has seen increasing demand for satellites with larger capacity and longer on-orbit life. Both requirements lead to the development of propellant tanks with increasing volumetric capacity. However, due to the size limitation of launch vehicles, satellites and, therefore, satellite propellant tanks, can only grow in length rather than girth. As the traditional monolithic titanium tanks grew longer, they became less mass efficient, and technical, economical, and compliance issues demanded a new approach to the design and fabrication of satellite propellant tanks.
Exercise Performance in the Heat (2000)

This paper summarized the limits to exercise performance and the measures to enhance exercise performance in the heat.Limits to exercise performance in the heat include:earlier muscle glycogen depletion,dehydration,hyperthermia and decrease of oxygen transportation capacity.Hyperthermia may be the critical determinant of exercise performance. Methods for exercise performance enhancement include:precooling,prehydration,Water,carbohydrate and electrocyte intake during prolonged exercise and heat acclimation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thieno[3,4-<i>b</i>]thiophene-Based Copolymers Bearing 4-Substituted Phenyl Ester Pendants: Facile Fine-Tuning of HOMO Energy Levels (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-Based Copolymers Bearing 4-Substituted Phenyl Ester Pendants: Facile Fine-Tuning of HOMO Energy LevelsTomoyuki Yamamoto†, Tomoyuki Ikai*†, Mitsuhiro Kuzuba†, Takayuki Kuwabara†‡, Katsuhiro Maeda*†‡, Kohshin Takahashi†‡, and Shigeyoshi Kanoh†View Author Information† †Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and ‡Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanE-mail: [email protected] (T.I.), [email protected] (K.M.).Cite this: Macromolecules 2011, 44, 17, 6659–6662Publication Date (Web):August 16, 2011Publication History Received1 July 2011Revised4 August 2011Published online16 August 2011Published inissue 13 September 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma201501ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma201501grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2218Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Energy levels,Organic compounds,Phenyls,Polymers,Substituents Get e-Alerts