gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
보기약(補氣藥)의 부량반응(不良反應)에 관한 문헌적 고찰 (2010)

Objectives ＆ Method: We investigated adverse symptoms, toxicity, treatment and prevention against adverse effects of restoratives for invigorating qi(補氣藥) in order to use herbal medicines accurately. Result: Ginseng Radix(人參), Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix(黨參), Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(西洋參), Astragali Radix(黃祇), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba(白朮), Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥), Dolichoris Semen(白扁豆), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Jujubae Fructus(大棗) and Mel(蜂蜜) may give rise to some side effects, allergic reaction or toxic symptoms in restoratives for invigorating qi(補氣藥). The representative methods of poisoning treatment in western medicines are stopping medication, washing out the stomach, promotion of vomiting, causing diarrhea, supplies of grape sugar and symptomatic treatment, etc. The representative methods of poisoning treatment in oriental medicine take advantage of various herbs. And Oriental medical doctor should meet symptoms as patients call for attention. In order to prevent against poisoning of restoratives for invigorating qi(補氣藥), the patients should keep usage, dosage and notes. Conclusion: We should pay attention to clinical using of Ginseng Radix(人參), Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix(黨參), Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(西洋參), Astragali Radix(黃기), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba(白朮), Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥), Dolichoris Semen(白扁豆), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Jujubae Fructus(大棗) and Mel(蜂蜜) in restoratives for invigorating qi(補氣藥).
Portable parallel programming for the dynamic load balancing of unstructured grid applications (2003)

The ability to dynamically adapt an unstructured grid (or mesh) is a powerful tool for solving computational problems with evolving physical features; however an efficient parallel implementation is rather difficult, particularly from the viewpoint of portability on various multiprocessor platforms. We address this problem by developing PLUM, an automatic and architecture-independent framework for adaptive numerical computations in a message-passing environment. Portability is demonstrated by comparing performance on an SP2, an Origin2000, and a T3E, without any code modifications. We also present a general-purpose load balancer that utilizes symmetric broadcast networks (SBN) as the underlying communication pattern, with a goal to providing a global view of system loads across processors. Experiments on an SP2 and an Origin2000 demonstrate the portability of our approach which achieves superb load balance at the cost of minimal extra overhead.
Nonlinear EEG Analysis and Its Potential Role in Epileptology (2000)

Deterministic chaos offers a striking explanation for apparently irregular behavior of the brain that is evidenced in the EEG. Recent developments in the physical-mathematical framework of the theory of nonlinear dynamics (colloquially often termed chaos theory) provide new concepts and powerful algorithms to analyze such time series. Because of its high versatility, nonlinear time series analysis has already gone beyond the physical sciences and, at present, is being successfully applied in a variety of disciplines, including cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, and epileptology. However, it is well known that different influencing factors limit the use of nonlinear measures to characterize EEG dynamics in a strict sense. Nevertheless, when interpreted with care, relative estimates of, e.g., the correlation dimension or the Lyapunov exponents, can reliably characterize different states of normal and pathologic brain function. In epileptology, extraction of nonlinear measures from the intracranially recorded EEG promises to be important for clinical practice. In addition to an immense reduction of information content of long-lasting EEG recordings, previous studies have shown that these measures enable (a) localization of the primary epileptogenic area in different cerebral regions during the interictal state, (b) investigations of antiepileptic drug effects, (c) analyses of spatio-temporal interactions between the epileptogenic zone and other brain areas, and (d) detection of features predictive of imminent seizure activity. Nonlinear time series analysis provides new and supplementary information about the epileptogenic process and thus contributes to an improvement in presurgical evaluation.
Electrophilic <i>S</i>‐Trifluoromethylation of Cysteine Side Chains in <i>α</i>‐ and <i>β</i>‐Peptides: Isolation of Trifluoro‐methylated <i>Sandostatin</i><sup>®</sup> (Octreotide) Derivatives (2008)

Abstract The new electrophilic trifluoromethylating 1‐(trifluoromethyl)‐benziodoxole reagents A and B ( Scheme 1 ) have been used to selectively attach CF 3 groups to the S‐atom of cysteine side chains of α ‐ and β ‐peptides (up to 13‐residues‐long; products 7 – 14 ). Other functional groups in the substrates (amino, amido, carbamate, carboxylate, hydroxy, phenyl) are not attacked by these soft reagents. Depending on the conditions, the indole ring of a Trp residue may also be trifluoromethylated (in the 2‐position). The products are purified by chromatography, and identified by 1 H‐, 13 C‐, and 19 F‐NMR spectroscopy, by CD spectroscopy, and by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The CF 3 groups, thus introduced, may be replaced by H (Na/NH 3 ), an overall Cys/Ala conversion. The importance of trifluoromethylations in medicinal chemistry and possible applications of the method (spin‐labelling, imaging, PET) are discussed.
Introns of plant pri‐miRNAs enhance miRNA biogenesis (2013)

Plant MIR genes are independent transcription units that encode long primary miRNA precursors, which usually contain introns. For two miRNA genes, MIR163 and MIR161, we show that introns are crucial for the accumulation of proper levels of mature miRNA. Removal of the intron in both cases led to a drop-off in the level of mature miRNAs. We demonstrate that the stimulating effects of the intron mostly reside in the 5'ss rather than on a genuine splicing event. Our findings are biologically significant as the presence of functional splice sites in the MIR163 gene appears mandatory for pathogen-triggered accumulation of miR163 and proper regulation of at least one of its targets.
Feedback Email Worm Defense System for Enterprise Networks (2004)

As email becomes one of the most convenient and indispensable communication mediums in our life, it is very important to protect email users from increasing email worm attacks. In this paper, we present the architecture and system design of a &quot;feedback email worm defense system&quot; to protect email users in enterprise networks. The defense system is flexible and able to integrate many existing detection techniques to provide e#ective and e#cient email worm defense. First, in response to a &quot;detection score&quot; of a detected worm email and information on the possible appearance of a malicious email worm in the global Internet, the defense system adaptively chooses a cost-e#ective defense action that can range from simply labelling this email to aggressively deleting it from an email server. Second, the system uses &quot;honeypot&quot; [13] to thoroughly detect worm emails received by email servers and also to early detect the presence of an email worm in the global Internet. Third, the defense system implements a &quot;multi-sifting detection&quot; technique and &quot;di#erential email service&quot; to achieve accurate detection without causing much delay on most emails. Furthermore, the defense system separates email attachments from email texts and saves attachments in separate &quot;attachment caching servers&quot;, which facilitate both email worm detection and email service e#ciency. 1.
Hippocampal FGF-2 and BDNF overexpression attenuates epileptogenesis-associated neuroinflammation and reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures (2010)

Under certain experimental conditions, neurotrophic factors may reduce epileptogenesis. We have previously reported that local, intrahippocampal supplementation of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases neurogenesis, reduces neuronal loss, and reduces the occurrence of spontaneous seizures in a model of damage-associated epilepsy. Here, we asked if these possibly anti-epileptogenic effects might involve anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Thus, we used a Herpes-based vector to supplement FGF-2 and BDNF in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus that established an epileptogenic lesion. This model causes intense neuroinflammation, especially in the phase that precedes the occurrence of spontaneous seizures. The supplementation of FGF-2 and BDNF attenuated various parameters of inflammation, including astrocytosis, microcytosis and IL-1β expression. The effect appeared to be most prominent on IL-1β, whose expression was almost completely prevented. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) for these effects, and for that on IL-1β in particular. Nonetheless, the concept that neurotrophic factors affect neuroinflammation in vivo may be highly relevant for the understanding of the epileptogenic process.
Structure of Hjc, a Holliday junction resolvase, from <i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i> (2001)

The 2.15-A structure of Hjc, a Holliday junction-resolving enzyme from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, reveals extensive structural homology with a superfamily of nucleases that includes type II restriction enzymes. Hjc is a dimer with a large DNA-binding surface consisting of numerous basic residues surrounding the metal-binding residues of the active sites. Residues critical for catalysis, identified on the basis of sequence comparisons and site-directed mutagenesis studies, are clustered to produce two active sites in the dimer, about 29 A apart, consistent with the requirement for the introduction of paired nicks in opposing strands of the four-way DNA junction substrate. Hjc displays similarity to the restriction endonucleases in the way its specific DNA-cutting pattern is determined but uses a different arrangement of nuclease subunits. Further structural similarity to a broad group of metal/phosphate-binding proteins, including conservation of active-site location, is observed. A high degree of conservation of surface electrostatic character is observed between Hjc and T4-phage endonuclease VII despite a complete lack of structural homology. A model of the Hjc-Holliday junction complex is proposed, based on the available functional and structural data.
Effect of Surface Treatments after HF Etching on Oxidation of Si (1994)

Oxidation of the Si surfaces treated in various solvents after HF etching was investigated by means of the Schottky diode characteristics and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The solvents employed were deionized water, ethanol ( C 2 H 5 OH), trichloroethylene ( CHCl:CCl 2 ), 1,1,1-trichloroethane ( CH 3 CCl 3 ), dichloromethane ( CH 2 Cl 2 ) and acetone ( CH 3 COCH 3 ). The effect of rinsing of the Si substrate in deionized water under a reduced pressure was also studied. The XPS data showed that the Si surface is oxidized the most in acetone. The degree of oxidation was the next highest in deionized water and then in ethanol. On the other hand, Si oxidation was substantially suppressed in solvents which do not include oxidant groups such as OH and CO. In deionized water under reduced pressure, oxidation was also considerably retarded. A possible oxidation kinetics are proposed to explain the experimental results. In this model, co-existence of both oxidant groups such as OH radicals and dissolved oxygen in the solvent is assumed to enhance oxidation. First OH radicals attack the Si-F and/or the Si-H bonds on the Si surface, resulting in the formation of the unterminated and the OH-terminated Si surface. Then, the Si surface is predominantly oxidized further by dissolved oxygen. Hence, oxidation can efficiently be suppressed by removing either the oxidant group or dissolved oxygen. This is in good agreement with the experimental results. The oxidation kinetics in acetone is also speculated.
Genetic and pharmacological evidence that a retinoic acid cannot be the RXR-activating ligand in mouse epidermis keratinocytes (2006)

Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that both RARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimers involved in repression events, as well as PPARbeta(delta)/RXRalpha heterodimers involved in activation events, are cell-autonomously required in suprabasal keratinocytes for the generation of lamellar granules (LG), the organelles instrumental to the formation of the skin permeability barrier. In activating PPARbeta(delta)/RXRalpha heterodimers, RXRalpha is transcriptionally active as its AF-2 activation function is required and can be inhibited by an RXR-selective antagonist. Within repressing RARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimers, induction of the transcriptional activity of RXRalpha is subordinated to the addition of an agonistic ligand for RARgamma. Thus, the ligand that possibly binds and activates RXRalpha heterodimerized with PPARbeta(delta) cannot be a retinoic acid, as it would also bind RARgamma and relieve the RARgamma-mediated repression, thereby yielding abnormal LGs. Our data also demonstrate for the first time that subordination of RXR transcriptional activity to that of its RAR partner plays a crucial role in vivo, because it allows RXRs to act concomitantly, within the same cell, as heterodimerization partners for repression, as well as for activation events in which they are transcriptionally active.
Localization of Functional Polypeptides in Bacterial Inclusion Bodies (2006)

Bacterial inclusion bodies, while showing intriguing amyloid-like features, such as a beta-sheet-based intermolecular organization, binding to amyloid-tropic dyes, and origin in a sequence-selective deposition process, hold an important amount of native-like secondary structure and significant amounts of functional polypeptides. The aggregation mechanics supporting the occurrence of both misfolded and properly folded protein is controversial. Single polypeptide chains might contain both misfolded stretches driving aggregation and properly folded protein domains that, if embracing the active site, would account for the biological activities displayed by inclusion bodies. Alternatively, soluble, functional polypeptides could be surface adsorbed by interactions weaker than those driving the formation of the intermolecular beta-sheet architecture. To explore whether the fraction of properly folded active protein is a natural component or rather a mere contaminant of these aggregates, we have explored their localization by image analysis of inclusion bodies formed by green fluorescent protein. Since the fluorescence distribution is not homogeneous and the core of inclusion bodies is particularly rich in active protein forms, such protein species cannot be passively trapped components and their occurrence might be linked to the reconstruction dynamics steadily endured in vivo by such bacterial aggregates. Intriguingly, even functional protein species in inclusion bodies are not excluded from the interface with the solvent, probably because of the porous structure of these particular protein aggregates.
Compression Brake Master Piston Assembly: A Cost Effective Use of a Structural Ceramic to Reduce Sliding Wear in Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A master piston assembly has been developed for a heavy duty diesel engine compression brake to reduce sliding wear at an oil lubricated bearing steel counterface. The assembly, consisting of a medium carbon steel piston body and mechanically retained silicon nitride ceramic pad, is an economical alternative to a one piece tool steel piston.</div>
REVIEWS Étude de grammaire historique et de style sur le style direct et les styles indirects en français. By VERSCHOORJ. A.. Groningen: V. R. B. Kleine der A 4. 1959. 166 pp. 7 florins. (1960)

REVIEWS Get access Étude de grammaire historique et de style sur le style direct et les styles indirects en français. By J. A. VERSCHOOR. Groningen: V. R. B. Kleine der A 4. 1959. 166 pp. 7 florins. STEPHEN ULLMANN STEPHEN ULLMANN LEEDS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XIV, Issue 4, October 1960, Pages 383–384, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XIV.4.383 Published: 01 October 1960
Segmentation and quantification of brain tumor (2005)

Nowadays, the inside situation could be obtained by medical machines, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, etc. These noninvasive diagnosis means increase the precision of the diagnoses, at the same time decrease the pain of the patients. Brain tumor diagnoses benefit from these devises very much. In the brain MR image, the tumor is shown clearly. For the treatment, the physician also needs the quantification of the tumor area. This requires the abnormal part in the image to be segmented accurately; afterward the segmented area can be measured. This task could not be handled by hands totally. Vie computer can give great help during this procedure. In this paper we introduce one system to perform the task mentioned above. In this system, the brain tumor MR image is segmented semi-automatically. One deformable model-based method is adapted in the system. And by the graphic user interface, the segmentation can be intervened by user interactively at real time.
Anion recognition and luminescent sensing by new ruthenium(II) and rhenium(I) bipyridyl calix[4]diquinone receptors (1999)

New ruthenium(II) and rhenium(I) bipyridyl calix[4]diquinone receptors have been prepared and shown to selectively bind and sense acetate anions via remarkable luminescent emission intensity retrieval effects.
Minimum achievable phase noise of RC oscillators (2005)

To make RC oscillators suitable for RF applications, their typically poor phase-noise characteristics must be improved. We show that, for a given power consumption, this improvement is fundamentally limited by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of thermodynamics. We also present the analytical formulation of this limit for relaxation (including ring) oscillators using a time-domain phase-noise analysis method which is introduced in this paper. Measurement shows the maximum possible improvement is generally less than 6dB for ring oscillators, while it can be as high as 21dB for other relaxation oscillators. The suboptimal performance of relaxation oscillators is attributed to the continuous current flow in these oscillator topologies. These results provide useful insight for feasibility studies of oscillator design.
A simplified model for growth factor induced healing of circular wounds (2005)

A mathematical model is developed for the rate of healing of a circular wound in a spherical skull. In this paper the regeneration, decay and transport of a generic "growth factor, which induces the healing of the wound, is taken into account. Further, an equation of motion is derived for the actual healing of the wound. The expressions for the equation of motion and the distribution of the growth factor are related in a way that no healing occurs if the growth factor concentration is below a certain value. In this paper we investigate the in uence of the behaviour of the thickness of the active layer, in which the growth factor is produced, on the healing process.
Multifunctional Pt(<scp>iv</scp>) pro-drug and its micellar platform: to kill two birds with one stone (2012)

A multifunctional hybrid platinum(iv) drug which has both DCA and Pt in one molecule was synthesized and tethered to polymers to further self-assemble into micelles. This micelle-mediated delivery of platinum(iv) prodrug aims to target both nuclear DNA and mitochondria.
Holography on the NASA Space Shuttle (1980)

The SL‐3 flight on the NASA Space Shuttle will carry a 25 mW He‐Ne laser holographic recorder for recording the solution growth of Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) crystals under low‐zero gravity conditions. Three hundred holograms (two orthogonal views) will be taken (on SO‐253 film) of each (∠3) growth experiment. Processing and analysis (i.e., reconstructed imagery, holographic Schlieren, reverse reference beam microscopy, and stored beam interferometry) of the holographic records will be done at NASA/MSFC. Other uses of the recorder on the Shuttle have been proposed.
POSBIOTM--NER: a trainable biomedical named-entity recognition system (2005)

POSBIOTM-NER is a trainable biomedical named-entity recognition system. POSBIOTM-NER can be automatically trained and adapted to new datasets without performance degradation, using CRF (conditional random field) machine learning techniques and automatic linguistic feature analysis. Currently, we have trained our system on three different datasets. GENIA-NER was trained based on GENIA Corpus, GENE-NER based on BioCreative data and GPCR-NER based on our own POSBIOTM/NE corpus, respectively, which would be used in GPCR-related pathway extraction.
Occlusion size aware multi-viewpoint images generation from 2D plus depth images (2010)

This paper proposes a new scheme to synthesize multi-view images from 2D plus depth (2D+D) images. A 2D+D image is combined from one single image with its corresponding depth map. The 2D+D image format is one of the most widely used representations of 3D images. To synthesize a new viewpoint image, we perform procedures of calculating the disparity first, and then filling disocclusion regions. For the first step, we calculate the disparity of new images by a geometric model which defines the geometric relation between the scene and synthesized viewpoints. After obtaining new images, we have to fill disocclusion regions. To fill the regions, several methods have been proposed, e.g. (1) linear interpolation of foreground and background image color, background color extrapolation; (2) mirroring of background color information; (3) preprocessing of depth information. To fill the regions with better quality, we classify regions into two different types. Bi-cubic interpolation is then applied while the size of absence region is small. If the region is large, we fill the proper texture by searching in the neighboring area. The described processes improve the visual quality of synthesized multi-view images. Finally this paper presents the comparison between the proposed method and traditional methods.
Least-squares interband denoising of color and multispectral images (2005)

This paper exploits the interband correlations of color and multispectral images for wavelet-based denoising. For this, a multispectral extension of the linear minimum mean squared error estimation (LMMSE) is constructed to estimate the signal from the observed wavelet coefficients. The calculation involves the signal autocovariance matrices, which are estimated globally or locally far centered square windows using maximum likelihood and MAP. The method is demonstrated to outperform single-hand denoising on color and 7-band Landsat multispectral images.