gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Doppler Frequency Estimation in Satellite Communication Using MIMO-OFDM Technique (2014)

Application of spread spectrum for satellite land mobile systems is difficult in satellite link because of synchronization and providing code or considerable Doppler shift. This is particularly high for LEO satellites. So that, a Doppler shift carrying a frequency in band S can reach to several tens of kHz. To estimate and compensate Doppler, a CW pilot carrier is used. The aim of this study is simulate Doppler frequency estimation using MIMO-OFDM technique. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared to MMSE algorithm in order to insure its performance.
Effects of Choline Acetyltransferase Inhibitors on the Growth and Differentiation of Mouse Neuroblastoma Cells in Culture (1983)

The effect of cholineacetyltransferase (ChA) inhibitors, bromoacetylcholine (BrACh), 2-benzoylethyltrimethylammonium (BETA), 3-benzoylpropyltrimethylammonium (BPTA), BETA's tertiary analog (TA-BETA) and 4-oxopentyltrimethylammonium (OPTA), on the growth of two types of neuroblastoma (NB) clones, NBE- and NBP2, were studied for the criteria of growth inhibition. Growth inhibitory activities of these agents for the NBE- cells were in the order of: BrACh (ED50: 1 microM) greater than BETA (3.8 microM) greater than BPTA (5.2 microM) greater than TA-BETA (6.5 microM) greater than OPTA (greater than 10 microM). Their potency for growth inhibition in NBP2 clone reflected the order of: BrACh (ED50: 2 microM) greater than BETA (7.8 microM) congruent to BPTA congruent to (greater than 10 microM) congruent to TA-BETA congruent to OPTA. Morphologic differentiation in NBP2 clone was observed with BETA (ED50=9 microM) and its tertiary analog. These results indicate that the NBE- clone is more sensitive to ChA inhibitors for the criteria of growth inhibition than NBP2, and BETA is a potent inducer of morphological differentiation. The fact that some of the inhibitors of ChA inhibit the growth at micromolar concentrations suggests that they may be potentially useful anticancer agents for NB tumors.
gpucc: an open-source GPGPU compiler (2016)

Graphics Processing Units have emerged as powerful accelerators for massively parallel, numerically intensive workloads. The two dominant software models for these devices are NVIDIA’s CUDA and the cross-platform OpenCL standard. Until now, there has not been a fully open-source compiler targeting the CUDA environment, hampering general compiler and architecture research and making deployment difficult in datacenter or supercomputer environments. In this paper, we present gpucc, an LLVM-based, fully open-source, CUDA compatible compiler for high performance computing. It performs various general and CUDA-specific optimizations to generate high performance code. The Clang-based frontend supports modern language features such as those in C++11 and C++14. Compile time is 8% faster than NVIDIA’s toolchain (nvcc) and it reduces compile time by up to 2.4x for pathological compilations (>100 secs), which tend to dominate build times in parallel build environments. Compared to nvcc, gpucc’s runtime performance is on par for several open-source benchmarks, such as Rodinia (0.8% faster), SHOC (0.5% slower), or Tensor (3.7% faster). It outperforms nvcc on internal large-scale end-to-end benchmarks by up to 51.0%, with a geometric mean of 22.9%.
Optically Active<i>N</i>-Hydroxy-α-L-Amino Acid Methyl Esters: An Improved and Simplified Synthesis (1987)

The preparation of optically active N-hydroxy-α-L-amino acid methyl esters from α-L-amino acid methyl esters is described. Readily available starting materials are used and the yields are good.
Size Characterization of Stress Cracks in Corn Kernels (1985)

ABSTRACT SCANNING electron microscopic pictures were taken of corn kernels from four different varieties, all dried at a high temperature. Stress cracks were observed to originate at the inner core of the floury endosperm and propagate radially outward along the boundary of starch granules. Many cracks did not advance far enough to open up at the surface underneath the pericarp. An average stress crack was measured to be 58 14 /^m in width at its widest part.
Ignition Energy Testing of the Quarter Wave Coaxial Cavity Resonator with Air- Liquefied-Petroleum-Gas Mixtures (2008)

Significant environmental and economic benefit could be obtained from engines that utilize lean mixtures ignited with high energy sources. To help reach this goal, the quarter wave coaxial cavity resonator (QWCCR) igniter was examined as an ignition source. Evaluation consisted of comparative ignition tests with liquefied-petroleum-gas (LPG) air mixtures of varying composition. Combustion of these mixtures was contained in a closed steel vessel with a pre-combustion pressure near one atmosphere. The resonator igniter was fired in this vessel with a nominal 150 W microwave pulse of varying duration to determine ignition energy limits for various mixtures. Mixture compositions were determined by partial pressure measurement and the ideal gas law. Successful ignition was observed through a view port in a combustion chamber. Microwave pulse and reflected power was captured in real time with a high-speed digital storage oscilloscope. Ignition energies and power levels were calculated from these measurements. As a comparison, ignition experiments were also carried out with a standard non-resistive spark plug where gap voltage and current were recorded for energy calculations. Results show that ignitable mixtures around stoichiometric and slightly rich compositions are combustible with the QWCCR using similar levels of energy as the conventional spark plug, in the low milli-Joule range. Combustion energy for very lean mixtures could not be determined reliably for the QWCCR for this prototype test, but are expected to be lower than that for a conventional spark. Given the capability of high power, high energy delivery, and opportunity for optimization, the QWCCR has the potential to deliver more energy per unit time than a conventional spark plug and thus could be considered be as a lean ignition source.
Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles as cure activator on the properties of natural rubber and nitrile rubber (2007)

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation and calcination method and were then characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Synthesized ZnO was found to have no impurity and had a dimension ranging from 30–70 nm with an average of 50 nm. The effect of these ZnO nanoparticles as cure activator was studied for the first time in natural rubber (NR) and nitrile rubber (NBR) and compared with conventional rubber grade ZnO with special reference to mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. From the rheograph, the maximum torque value was found to increase for both NR and NBR compounds containing ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were found to be more uniformly dispersed in the rubber matrix in comparison with the conventional rubber grade ZnO as evident from scanning electron microscopy/X‐ray dot mapping analysis. The tensile strength was observed to improve by 80% for NR when ZnO nanoparticles were used as cure activator instead of conventional rubber grade ZnO. An improvement of 70% was observed in the case of NBR. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) showed a positive shift by 6°C for both NR and NBR nanocomposites, which indicated an increase in crosslinking density. The swelling ratio was found to decrease in the case of both NR and NBR, and volume fraction of rubber in swollen gel was observed to increase, which supported the improvement in mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Simulation evaluation of Gibbs prior distributions for use in maximum a posteriori SPECT reconstructions (1992)

The effects of several of Gibbs prior distributions in terms of noise characteristics, edge sharpness, and overall quantitative accuracy of the final estimates obtained from an iterative maximum a posteriori (MAP) procedure applied to data from a realistic chest phantom are demonstrated. The effects of the adjustable parameters built into the prior distribution on these properties are examined. It is found that these parameter values influence the noise and edge characteristics of the final estimate and can generate reconstructions closer to the actual solution than maximum likelihood (ML). In addition, it is found that the choice of the shape of the prior distribution affects the noise characteristics and edge sharpness in the final estimate.
The effects of mechanical cardiac stabilization on left ventricular performance1 (1998)

These data demonstrate that mechanical stabilization of the LAD may temporarily decrease cardiac output. This is not attributed to impaired contractility or ischemia, but is secondary to direct ventricular compression with reduced stroke volume. Injury to underlying tissue is negligible.
Laser welding of vas deferens in rodents: Initial experience with fluid solders (1998)

This study evaluates the use of sutureless laser welding for vasovasostomy. In 14 rodents, the left vas deferens underwent vasovasostomy using an albumin-based solder applied to the adventitia of the vas deferens. The solder contained the dye, indocyanine green, to allow selective absorption and denaturation by a fiber-coupled 800-nm diode laser. The right vas deferens served as a control, receiving conventional layered microsurgical repair. We used a removable 4/0 nylon stent and microclamps to appose the vas deferens during repair, with no need for stay sutures. The mean time to perform laser solder repair (23.5 min) and conventional repair (23.3 min) were not significantly different (P=0.91). However, examination after 8 weeks showed that granuloma formation (G) and patency (P) rates for the conventional suture technique (G, 14%; P, 93%) were significantly better than observed for the laser solder technique (G, 57%; P, 50%).
Knockdown of scavenger receptor Class B Type I reduces prostate specific antigen secretion and viability of prostate cancer cells (2011)

The down-regulation of SR-BI significantly impacts PSA production of prostate cancer cells, as well as the viability of C4-2 cells in the presence and absence of HDL. This may indicate a deficiency in cholesterol availability to the androgen synthesis pathway or may implicate a role for SR-BI in prostate cancer signal transduction pathways.
Eye fixation patterns among dyslexic and normal readers: Effects of word length and word frequency. (1995)

Eye fixation patterns of 21 dyslexic and 21 younger, nondyslexic readers were compared when they read aloud 2 texts. The study examined whether word-frequency and word-length effects previously found for skilled adult readers would generalize equally to younger dyslexic and nondyslexic readers. Significantly longer gaze durations and reinspection times were found for low-frequency and long words than for high-frequency and short words. The effects also showed up in the number of fixations on the target words. The effects did not differ significantly for the 2 experimental groups. The results run counter to the oculomotor dysfunction hypothesis of dyslexia. Instead, they support the view that both dyslexic and nondyslexic readers' eye fixation patterns reflect their difficulties in successfully identifying words in a text.
Propofol as an induction agent in children: pain on injection and pharmacokinetics (1989)

The efficacy of lignocaine (1%) mixed with propofol in reducing pain on injection with propofol was studied in 40 children undergoing elective surgery in a double-blind, randomized comparison with glucose (5%). The pharmacokinetics of propofol in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg was also studied in eight children participating in the same study. Lignocaine (1 mg) significantly reduced pain on injection compared to the control group (P less than 0.001). The induction characteristics of propofol were not affected by the lignocaine, and no undesirable interaction was found between the two drugs. The first-stage elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of propofol in children was shorter (mean 9.3 +/- 3.8 (s.d.) min) than the values found in adults. This pharmacokinetic alteration may have clinical significance following repeated administration or continuous infusion of propofol.
PRECIPITATION OF ZINC HYDROXIDE WITH ALKALI AND ITS SOLUBILITY IN AQUEOUS AMMONIA (1953)

The product of gradual additon of alkali to a solution of zinc sulphate is first a basic salt accompanied by varying amounts of the hydroxide. When the amount of' the alkali reaches the equivalence point. still a little sulphate is formed along with the hydroxide in the precipitated due in all probability to adsorption. Experiments on the solubility of the zinc precipitate in aqueous ammonia indicates the variation of its solubility.
On the enzymatic basis for mutagenesis by manganese. (1983)

The effects of manganese on DNA synthesis fidelity are measured using T4 DNA polymerase. When the nucleotide analogue 2-aminopurine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate competes against dATP at thymine sites on template DNA, the aminopurine misincorporation frequency increases from 6.3% in the presence of Mg2+ to 29.2% in the presence of Mn2+. The major cause of the increased error rate is an approximate 4-fold increase in the frequency of aminopurine misinsertions. Exonucleolytic proofreading of aminopurine is similar in the presence of Mn2+ and Mg2+. However, the excision frequency of the correct nucleotide, dAMP, is increased 2-fold with Mn2+. In experiments in which insertion and incorporation velocities of aminopurine and adenine are measured independently of each other, a 5- to 10-fold decrease in the Michaelis constant for aminopurine is observed in the presence of Mn2+ compared to a 2-fold decrease in the Km for adenine. In contrast to the marked differential reduction in the ratio of aminopurine to adenine Km values, the maximum insertion velocities of both nucleotides are reduced by similar amounts (40-fold). We suggest that the mutagenic action of Mn2+ can be attributed primarily to a significant differential increase in binding of mispaired relative to correctly paired nucleotides to the polymerase-template complex. The resulting increase in the ratio of residence times for mispaired compared with correctly paired nucleotides on the complex results in their increased frequency of misinsertion. A smaller contributing factor to Mn2+-induced mutagenesis is a loss of proofreading specificity. We propose that the losses in both the specificities of nucleotide insertion and excision (proofreading) share a common molecular origin in which nucleotides are bound in the presence of Mn2+ in distorted configurations at the polymerase insertion and excision active sites resulting in increased nonspecific enzyme-substrate binding forces at the expense of template-substrate base pair specific hydrogen bonds.
PROTEAN (1997)

The explosion of sequence information has provided a number of candidates for translation into their encoded protein sequences. This primary sequence information provides scant understanding of the function and structure for the novel protein. Evolution has conserved proteins at the functional level; advantageous or neutral functioning proteins continue as disadvantageous proteins are selected against (). The quaternary and tertiary structure of a protein determines its functionality. This data, unfortunately, can be directly gathered only by NMR or crystallographic studies. In cases in which you have the determined structure of a protein and its primary sequence, you can infer similar structure and function from homologous proteins. When a member of a protein family has been solved, this information can bridge the gap between primary sequence data and tertiary/quaternary data for other members of the family. This holds for identical residue conformations but can diverge rapidly for differing regions. Any predictive information derived from the primary sequence for nonidentity regions may bridge this gap to help build accurate models of structure and inferred functionality. This is especially useful as a first approximation for protein families lacking solved structures. Additionally, primary sequence information can be used to elucidate particular domains of a protein for a more specific application than structural determination, such as locating peptide motifs or antigenic site determination.
Enhanced Cyclability of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by a Polymer Acid-Doped Polypyrrole Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductor (2012)

A mixed ionic–electronic conductor (MIEC) of polypyrrole (PPy) synthesized with poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAAMPSA), which is water-dispersible and is in the form of nanoparticles intertwined by the PAAMPSA, is explored as an additive in sulfur cathodes for rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. A S-MIEC composite containing a sulfur content of 75 wt % was synthesized by an in situ deposition of sulfur with MIEC. The sulfur retains an orthorhombic phase randomly mixed with MIEC nanoparticles, exhibiting a lower thermal decomposition temperature than the pristine sulfur. Cathodes containing the S-MIEC composite were prepared and evaluated in half cells by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. The S-MIEC composite cathode shows excellent electrochemical stability as the MIEC facilitates ion and electron transfer and capture intermediate polysulfides within the electrodes. The MIEC in the composite electrodes forms a porous, 3D heterostructure providing good electrochemical contact upon cycling as indicated by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sulfur in the S-MIEC composite retains a capacity of >600 mA h g–1 at low rates and 500 mA h g–1 at 1C after 50 cycles.
Mouse Islet of Langerhans Isolation using a Combination of Purified Collagenase and Neutral Protease (2012)

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines to the study of isolated rodent islets. Primary islets offer the distinct advantage that they more faithfully reflect the biology of intracellular signaling pathways and secretory responses. Whereas the method of islet isolation using tissue dissociating enzyme (TDE) preparations has been well established in many laboratories(1-4), variations in the consistency of islet yield and quality from any given rodent strain limit the extent and feasibility of primary islet studies. These variations often occur as a result of the crude partially purified TDEs used in the islet isolation procedure; TDEs frequently exhibit lot-to-lot variations in activity and often require adjustments to the dose of enzyme used. A small number of reports have used purified TDEs for rodent cell isolations(5, 6), but the practice is not widespread despite the routine use and advantages of purified TDEs for human islet isolations. In collaboration with VitaCyte, LLC (Indianapolis, IN), we developed a modified mouse islet isolation protocol based on that described by Gotoh(7, 8), in which the TDEs are perfused directly into the pancreatic duct of mice, followed by crude tissue fractionation through a Histopaque gradient(9), and isolation of purified islets. A significant difference in our protocol is the use of purified collagenase (CIzyme MA) and neutral protease (CIzyme BP) combination. The collagenase was characterized by the use of a(6) fluorescence collagen degrading activity (CDA) assay that utilized fluorescently labeled soluble calf skin fibrils as substrate(6). This substrate is more predictive of the kinetics of collagen degradation in the tissue matrix because it relies on native collagen as the substrate. The protease was characterized with a sensitive fluorescent kinetic assay(10). Utilizing these improved assays along with more traditional biochemical analysis enable the TDE to be manufactured more consistently, leading to improved performance consistency between lots. The protocol described in here was optimized for maximal islet yield and optimal islet morphology using C57BL/6 mice. During the development of this protocol, several combinations of collagenase and neutral proteases were evaluated at different concentrations, and the final ratio of collagenase:neutral protease of 35:10 represents enzyme performance comparable to Sigma Type XI. Because significant variability in average islet yields from different strains of rats and mice have been reported, additional modifications of the TDE composition should be made to improve the yield and quality of islets recovered from different species and strains.
Dual Elastic Wave Wavefield Separating Simulation Method and Related Theory Derivation (2013)

We present an equivalent dual elastic wave separation equation,which simulates particle-velocity,pressure,divergence and curl fields in pure P- and S- modes. The method is used in full elastic wave numerical simulations. We give complete derivations of explicit high-order staggered-grid finite difference discrete equations,together with stability condition,dispersion relation and perfectly matched layer( PML) absorbing boundary condition. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that pure P-waves and S-waves in final numerical results are completely separated in the method. Effect of absorbing boundary is perfect. Storage and computing time requirements are greatly reduced compared with previous works.
[Human lens epithelial cells culture in vitro]. (1997)

Len epithelial cells were easily cultured with our method. The procedure is simple, rapid and highly successful.
A protocol for multirendezvous of LOTOS processes (1991)

It is noted that the implementation of the multiway rendezvous mechanism of the International Standards Organization (ISO) LOTOS specification language for protocols is very important in the development of tools for the execution of LOTOS. It involves problems such as global knowledge in a distributed environment and distributed agreement. The authors propose a novel algorithm which fully implements the multiway rendezvous of LOTOS within a distributed execution model based on a number of parallel processes. The processes are organized in a hierarchical topology and communicate with each other only by message transfers. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and is shown to be better than that achieved by other algorithms proposed in the literature. A formal specification of the algorithm in LOTOS is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Rare Earth Concentrate as a SiAlON Sintering Additive (1998)

The sintering additive used in SiAlON containing 5, 10, 15 and 20 eq% Al was a concentrate of rare earth elements, with 89.5% Y 2 O 3 , 3.9% Er 2 O 3 , 3.8% Dy 2 O 3 , 1.8% Lu 2 O 3 and other rare earth elements at lower concentrations. The sintering variables studied were: Al content in solid solution with SiAlON, heating rate, sintering time and temperature. The results show that an increase in Al concentration leads to higher densities and α→ β transformation, and smaller grains with more spherical shape. An increase in both sintering time and temperature and heating rate lead to the formation of larger grains with smaller aspect ratio. Samples sintered at 1700°C/30min had higher density values. Samples with 99% of theoretical density were obtained by using the concentrate of rare earth elements.
Determination of refractive index and thickness of thick transparent films by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry: application to benzocyclobutene films (1996)

An analysis procedure for evaluating the refractive index and the thickness of 5-10-µm-thick transparent films has been developed based on variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. As an example of application, results from an analysis of benzocyclobutene films are presented. The sensitivities in ψ and Δ with respect to the refractive index and the thickness of the films are also discussed.