gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CFG Construction Soundness in Control-Flow Integrity (2017)

Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) is an intensively studied technique for hardening software security. It enforces a Control-Flow Graph (CFG) by inlining runtime checks into target programs. Many methods have been proposed to construct the enforced CFG, with different degrees of precision and sets of assumptions. However, past CFI work has not made attempt at justifying their CFG construction soundness using formal semantics and proofs. In this paper, we formalize the CFG construction in two major CFI systems, identify their assumptions, and prove their soundness; the soundness proof shows that their computed sets of targets for indirect calls are safe over-approximations.
Mutational analysis of DJ-1 in <i>Drosophila</i> implicates functional inactivation by oxidative damage and aging (2006)

Inherited mutations in PARK7, the gene encoding DJ-1, are associated with loss of protein function and early-onset parkinsonism. Like human DJ-1 (hDJ-1), Drosophila DJ-1b protects against oxidative insult and is modified with oxidation. We demonstrate that hDJ-1 rescues flies mutant for DJ-1b, and that a conserved cysteine residue in the fly protein (C104, analogous to C106 in hDJ-1) is critical for biological antioxidant function in vivo. Targeted mutagenesis suggests that modification of DJ-1b at this residue inactivates the protective activity of the protein against oxidative stress. Further studies show that DJ-1 modification increases dramatically with age in flies, mice, and humans, with aged flies showing strikingly increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and markedly enhanced DJ-1b modification upon oxidative challenge. Overoxidation of DJ-1 with age and exposure to oxidative toxins may lead to inactivation of DJ-1 function, suggesting a role in susceptibility to sporadic Parkinson's disease.
Dual-Function Microanalytical Device by In Situ Photolithographic Grafting of Porous Polymer Monolith:  Integrating Solid-Phase Extraction and Enzymatic Digestion for Peptide Mass Mapping (2003)

Microfluidic devices with a dual function containing both a solid-phase extractor and an enzymatic microreactor have been prepared, and their operation has been demonstrated. The devices were fabricated from a 25-mm-long porous poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith prepared within a 50-microm-i.d. capillary. This capillary with a pulled 9-12-microm needle tip was used as a nanoelectrospray emitter coupling the device to a mass spectrometer. Photografting with irradiation through a mask was then used to selectively functionalize a 20-mm-long portion of the monolith, introducing reactive poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) chains to enable the subsequent attachment of trypsin, thereby creating an enzymatic microreactor with high proteolytic activity. The other 5 mm of unmodified hydrophobic monolith served as micro solid-phase extractor (microSPE). The dual-function devices were used in two different flow directions; concentration of myoglobin that was absorbed from its dilute solution, followed by elution and digestion or digestion, followed by concentration. Operations in both directions afforded equal sequence coverage. Different volumes of myoglobin solution ranging from 2 to 20 microL were loaded on the device. Very high sequence coverages of almost 80% were achieved for the highest loading. Despite the very short length of the extractor unit, the device operated in the digest-solid-phase extraction direction also enabled the separation of peaks that mostly contained undigested protein and peptides.
A new approach to map-matching and parameter correcting for vehicle navigation system in the area of shadow of GPS signal (2005)

A new approach to map-matching and DR error calibration is proposed in this paper. This method compares the dead reckoning (DR) tracks and all possible route candidates in digital map to find out the best matching route through correlation analysis. It makes use of first order difference to decompose the rotation angle of track curve relative to candidate route curve. The DR sensor error parameters can also be calibrated with the matched routes on digital map. A case study demonstrates that the proposed map matching method is efficient and robust to noise.
VirAmp: a galaxy-based viral genome assembly pipeline (2015)

VirAmp provides a user-friendly interface and a complete pipeline for viral genome analysis. We make our software available via an Amazon Elastic Cloud disk image that can be easily launched by anyone with an Amazon web service account. A fully functional demonstration instance of our system can be found at http://viramp.com/. We also maintain detailed documentation on each tool and methodology at http://docs.viramp.com.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa: Time course and mechanisms of change. (2002)

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment of bulimia nervosa, but its mechanisms of action have not been established. In this study the authors analyzed the results of a randomized control trial comparing CBT with Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) to identify possible mediators of change of CBT for BN and its time course of action. Reduction in dietary restraint as early as Week 4 mediated posttreatment improvement in both binge eating and vomiting. Measures of self-efficacy concerning eating behavior, negative affect, and body shape and weight at midtreatment were also significantly associated with posttreatment outcome at 20 weeks. No evidence was found that the therapeutic alliance mediated treatment outcome. CBT had a significantly more rapid treatment effect than IPT, with 62% of posttreatment improvement evident by Week 6.
Mechanisms of desensitization to parathyroid hormone in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells (1992)

Signal transduction by the PTH receptor is now known to involve generation of multiple second messengers. Desensitization of the adenylate cyclase response to PTH is a common feature of bone- and kidney-derived target cells; however, no single mechanism appears to explain desensitization in the different cell types studied. To examine the role of protein kinase-A (PKA) in homologous desensitization to PTH, we employed human SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells and a mutant subclone (Ca 4A), which expresses an inducible cAMP-resistant form of PKA. Pretreatment of SaOS-2 cells with PTH for 4 h reduced by 60-80% the cAMP response to subsequent rechallenge with the hormone. This homologous desensitization was significantly, but not completely, inhibited in Ca 4A cells. Desensitization was not mimicked by pretreatment of the cells with forskolin. PTH binding to its receptor was reduced 50% in both SaOS-2 and Ca 4A cells after 4-h incubation with PTH (homologous down-regulation), whereas forskolin did not cause receptor down-regulation. Pretreatment with the ionophore ionomycin for 4-24 h did not mimic desensitization to PTH. Both desensitization to PTH and receptor down-regulation were induced, however, by pretreatment with a phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate), and these effects were blocked completely by staurosporine. PTH-induced desensitization was not blocked by staurosporine, and receptor down-regulation was enhanced by the drug. Pertussis toxin did not prevent desensitization induced by either PTH or 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. We conclude that homologous desensitization to PTH in SaOS-2 cells involves both cAMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Homologous PTH receptor down-regulation apparently is mediated by mechanisms independent of PKA activation. Neither pathway of homologous desensitization to PTH involves the action of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins.
ITS standars for devleoping countries (2004)

IT standards, help to make the introduction of technology more systematic and economic. In some respects, ITS standards present a greater challenge than many other kinds of standards because they, like ITS, tend to be interdisciplinary. They include aspects of transportation engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and communications technology. Section 1 of this Note describes the need for standards, both in general and more specifically to aid the introduction of ITS in developing countries. Section 2 describes the three basic types of standards: de facto, consensus, and regulatory, and briefly discusses how each type is created. The section provides additional detail on the process of creating consensus standards both in industry consortia and in organizations specifically oriented to standards development. Section 3 provides a brief overview of important ITS standards that are already in place, especially those that may be of interest to developing countries. Section 4 discusses approaches that developing countries can pursue, both for identifying and adopting standards that were created by others and for participating directly in the process of creating standards of particular interest to the country.
Extremely high power 1.48 /spl mu/m GaInAsP/InP GRIN-SCH strained MQW lasers (1994)

A record CW output power of 360 mW at 25/spl deg/C was achieved by investigating the structure of optical confinement layer in 1.48 μm GRIN-SCH MQW lasers. It is experimentally demonstrated that the use of a wide bandgap and thin SCH layer gives a high differential quantum efficiency without expense of threshold current. Low driving currents, 195 mA for 100 mW, 450 mA for 200 mW and 890 mA for 300 mW, were obtained in the optimized cavity lengths.
Observation of a negative electron affinity for boron nitride (1995)

This study reports UV-photoemission (UPS) measurements made on boron nitride crystals and thin films. The materials examined are commercial grade c-BN powder and thin films of BN deposited with ion beam assisted e-beam evaporation and laser ablation. The thin film samples examined exhibited varying amounts of sp3 (cubic) and sp2 (hexagonal, amorphous) bonding as determined by FTIR measurements. The UPS measurements displayed the spectral distribution of the low energy photoemitted electrons and the total energy width of the spectra. These characteristics can be related to the electron affinity. The measurements on several of the BN powder and thin film samples revealed features in the emission spectra which are indicative of a negative electron affinity (NEA) surface.
Analysis of a Tryptic Digest of Pig Hemoglobin Using ESI-FAIMS-MS (2000)

The continuous gas-phase ion separation and atmospheric pressure focusing properties of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) offer significant advantages for the mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic digests of proteins. In this study, tryptic peptides of pig hemoglobin were examined by ESI-FAIMS-MS using a newly designed FAIMS device. The new, hemispherical geometry of the inner electrode served to deliver the ions, via the gas flows, to the center axis of the FAIMS analyzer, improving the sensitivity relative to previous prototypes. Mass spectra collected using this new FAIMS showed significantly less chemical background noise than conventional ESI-MS, while maintaining approximately the same absolute sensitivity as that observed with ESI-MS. As a consequence of the ion separation in FAIMS, the identification of the tryptic fragments was simplified and some peptides, such as the triply protonated VVAGVANALAHK3+, that were obscured by the intense background of ESI-MS, were readily detected using ESI-FAIMS-MS. In addition, the FAIMS device was shown to separate isobaric ions at m/z 532.4. Correlations between CV and mass-to-charge ratio, as well as CV and ionic collision cross section, were evaluated for 38 peptide ions identified in the tryptic digest. The correlation between the CV of the peptide and the mass-to-charge ratio is very poor, indicating good orthogonality between the separation by FAIMS and the separation by mass spectrometry.
Image-Based Remote Real-Time Volume Rendering: Decoupling Rendering From View Point Updates (2012)

Remote rendering is employed when the visualization task is too challenging for the hardware used to display a dataset or when it is too time consuming to transfer the complete dataset. Volume visualization with its dataset sizes growing with the 3rd power of their spatial resolution is such a task. Since remote rendering introduces additional sources of latency, its applicability to virtual environments is limited because of the required low delays from user action to displayed image. We counter these latencies with image-based rendering techniques: color image data along with additional depth information is warped, while new data has not been completely received. Using these approximate images, it is possible to decouple the cheap display phase from rendering. While depth values are trivially deduced for polygons, we contribute heuristics for volumetric datasets with varying transparency.
Estrogen‐withdrawal migraine (1975)

The minimum exposure to estrogen required to cause estrogen-withdrawal migraine has been studied by giving long-acting estradiol valerate to four women and short-acting estradiol benzoate to two women. It was found that several days of exposure to high estrogen levels were needed to cause migraine on estrogen withdrawal. Oral administration of estrogen supplements in the form of estradiol valerate or as conjugated equine estrogens during the premenstrual phase in four women did not significantly affect plasma levels of estradiol, nor was it effective in preventing menstrual migraine.
Hetero-Tripodal Hydroxypyridonate Gadolinium Complexes:  Syntheses, Relaxometric Properties, Water Exchange Dynamics, and Human Serum Albumin Binding<sup>1</sup> (2004)

The synthesis and relaxometric properties of hetero-tripodal hydroxypyridonate-terephthalamide gadolinium (Gd3+) chelates with differing structural features for probing human serum albumin (HSA) interactions are reported. The Gd3+ complexes are divided into two series. The first series (3−5) features a benzyl derivative connected to the hydroxypyridonate (HOPO) moiety. The second series of complexes (6−10) has the common feature of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) attached to the terephthalamide (TAM) moiety and is nonbenzylated. The water exchange of the complexes is in the fast exchange regime with rates (kex) in the range 0.45−1.11 × 108 s-1. The complexes have a moderate interaction with HSA with association constants (KA's) in the range 0.7−8.6 × 103 M-1. Protein binding results in an enhancement in proton relaxivity from 7.7−10.4 mM-1 s-1 (r1p) to 15−29 mM-1 s-1 (r1pb). It is concluded that the interaction of the complexes with HSA (i) is enhanced by the presence of benzyl groups, (ii) is entropically driven, and (iii) results in a lower hydration number (q).
GntR Family of Bacterial Transcription Factors and Their DNA Binding Motifs: Structure, Positioning and Co-Evolution (2015)

The GNTR family of transcription factors (TFs) is a large group of proteins present in diverse bacteria and regulating various biological processes. Here we use the comparative genomics approach to reconstruct regulons and identify binding motifs of regulators from three subfamilies of the GNTR family, FADR, HUTC, and YTRA. Using these data, we attempt to predict DNA-protein contacts by analyzing correlations between binding motifs in DNA and amino acid sequences of TFs. We identify pairs of positions with high correlation between amino acids and nucleotides for FADR, HUTC, and YTRA subfamilies and show that the most predicted DNA-protein interactions are quite similar in all subfamilies and conform well to the experimentally identified contacts formed by FadR from E. coli and AraR from B. subtilis. The most frequent predicted contacts in the analyzed subfamilies are Arg-G, Asn-A, Asp-C. We also analyze the divergon structure and preferred site positions relative to regulated genes in the FADR and HUTC subfamilies. A single site in a divergon usually regulates both operons and is approximately in the middle of the intergenic area. Double sites are either involved in the co-operative regulation of both operons and then are in the center of the intergenic area, or each site in the pair independently regulates its own operon and tends to be near it. We also identify additional candidate TF-binding boxes near palindromic binding sites of TFs from the FADR, HUTC, and YTRA subfamilies, which may play role in the binding of additional TF-subunits.
Electrical Parameter Analysis from Three-Dimensional Interconnection Geometry (1985)

TRISIM1, a capacitance and inductance calculation program for complex three-dimensional geometries, is described. The basic algorithm of capacitance calculation is Green's function integral equation method and the inductances are calculated by Neumann's formula applied to the thin filaments which make up the conductor segment. In TRISIM1, for efficient use of these algorithms, 1) triangular capacitance cells are adopted, 2) the calculation of the matrix element G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ij</inf> is simplified according to the cell distance, and 3) the filaments for inductance calculation are infinitely thin. An approximate method of filament selfinductance calculation is used and the proof of its validity is given. The convergence of the numerical results to analytical or two-dimensional solutions is illustrated for simple geometries. The crosstalk noise induced among connector pins is calculated and the results are in good agreement with the measured data.
Synthesis and biological activity of pyridazinooxazines. (1982)

4-Chloro-5-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-3 (2H)-pyridazinones were converted upon treatment with base to novel fused ring compounds, 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyridazino [4, 5-b]-1, 4-oxazin-8 (7H)-ones. When a nitrogen atom in the hydroxyethylamino group or at the 2-position of the 3 (2H)-pyridazinone ring had a remaining hydrogen, the ring closure reaction did not occur. 3, 4-Dihydro-2H-pyridazino [4, 5-b]-1, 4-oxazine was similarly synthesized from corresponding precursor. The presence of a C-6 amino group in the precursor did not affect the ring formation mentioned above, but when the amino group was diazotized, ring formation took place in a different fashion, involving the C-6 diazonium moiety as a leaving group, to give another ring system, 6, 7-dihydro-2H-pyridazino [3, 4-b]-[1, 4] oxazin-3 (5H)-one. Similar phenomena were observed in the cases of precursors having a C-6 nitro group : cyclization occurred involving the elimination of the nitro group to give fused ring products. The method was applied to the formation of a tricyclic heterocycle, 2H-pyridazino [3, 4-b] [1, 4] benzoxazin-3 (5H)-one. Some compounds thus obtained were found to have potent analgesic and significant anti-inflammatory activities in animal models.
Review of triacylglycerol digestion, absorption, and metabolism with respect to Salatrim triacylglycerols (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReview of triacylglycerol digestion, absorption, and metabolism with respect to Salatrim triacylglycerolsJohnnie R. Hayes, Deborah H. Pence, Saul Scheinbach, Ronald P. D'Amelia, Lawrence P. Klemann, Nelson H. Wilson, and John W. FinleyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 2, 474–483Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00038a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00038a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Do Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Reduce the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease? (2001)

In this issue of the Journal, in 't Veld and colleagues1 report the results of a long-term prospective study of the relation between the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the onset of Alzheimer's disease. This important article appears to resolve puzzling conflicts among the results of prior studies of the possible neuroprotective effects of NSAIDs.The dementia of Alzheimer's disease has an insidious onset and a gradually progressive course. Although the pathogenesis of the disease remains controversial, the process is widely thought to begin in midlife or earlier, decades before the appearance of symptoms. At that point, largely . . .
Inhibition of prostate smooth muscle contraction and prostate stromal cell growth by the inhibitors of <scp>R</scp>ac, <scp>NSC</scp>23766 and <scp>EHT</scp>1864 (2015)

Rac may be a link connecting the control of prostate smooth muscle tone with proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Improvements in LUTS suggestive of BPH by Rac inhibitors appears possible.
Properties of luminescence from laser-created bubbles in pressurized water (2005)

The properties of the luminescence pulse from collapsing laser-created bubbles in pressurized water are studied for pressures between 0.25 and 15 bars. The duration of the light pulse is found to be linear in the maximum bubble size, but for a given bubble size it increases with the applied pressure p as p0.38. The number of photons emitted increases quadratically with the bubble size, and increases approximately linearly with pressure. The spectrum of the luminescence is blackbody in form, with a temperature that increases somewhat with pressure, from 8100 K at 1 bar to 9400 K at 10 bars. At higher pressures the blackbody temperature drops, but this is primarily due to the rapid onset above 10 bars of a fission instability, where the bubbles split into two just before the collapse point.
The New Worlds Observer: using occulters to directly observe planets (2006)

We discuss the progress that has been made in the understanding of the use of external occulters to observe exoplanetary systems. We show how a starshade can be designed and built in a practical and affordable manner to fully remove starlight and leave only planet light entering a telescope. When coupled to a powerful observatory like the James Webb Space Telescope, an occulter can extinguish the starlight and reveal basic details of the planetary systems around our closest, neighboring stars.
Lower extremity functional electrical stimulation with spinal cord injured subjects at the Ohio State University (2003)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) was investigated as a method for restoration or improvement of gait in spinal-cord-injured subjects, using surface electrical stimulation. Using commercial stimulators, walking and posture control were studied in a T-6 complete paraplegic. Six channels of stimulation were used for walking. The experimental results are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Positron Emission Tomography Study of the Effects of Tryptophan Depletion on Brain Serotonin<sub>2</sub>Receptors in Subjects Recently Remitted From Major Depression (2012)

Reduction in brain serotonin(2) receptors might be a potential compensatory mechanism to prevent tryptophan depletion-induced depressive relapse.