gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic plasticity and epithelial‐mesenchymal transitions in cancer and normal stem cells? (2011)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are similar to normal stem cells in their ability to self-renew and to generate large populations of more differentiated descendants. In contrast to the hierarchical organization that is presumed to be the prevalent mode of normal tissue homeostasis, phenotypic plasticity allows cancer cells to dynamically enter into and exit from stem-cell states. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been closely associated with the acquisition of both invasive and stem-cell properties in cancer cells. Thereby, EMT programs emerge as important regulators of phenotypic plasticity in cancer cells including their entrance into stem-cell states. Much is still to be learned about the regulation of EMTs through epigenetic mechanisms in cancer cells and the contributions that EMT programs make to normal tissue homeostasis.
A Review of Surface Water Quality Models (2013)

Surface water quality models can be useful tools to simulate and predict the levels, distributions, and risks of chemical pollutants in a given water body. The modeling results from these models under different pollution scenarios are very important components of environmental impact assessment and can provide a basis and technique support for environmental management agencies to make right decisions. Whether the model results are right or not can impact the reasonability and scientificity of the authorized construct projects and the availability of pollution control measures. We reviewed the development of surface water quality models at three stages and analyzed the suitability, precisions, and methods among different models. Standardization of water quality models can help environmental management agencies guarantee the consistency in application of water quality models for regulatory purposes. We concluded the status of standardization of these models in developed countries and put forward available measures for the standardization of these surface water quality models, especially in developing countries.
Role of Pyruvate Metabolism in the Growth of<i>Streptococcus faecalis</i>in the Presence of Propionate (1969)

The growth of Streptococcus faecalis is inhibited by propionate, and the inhibition is reversed by lipoic acid or acetate. A study of the role of pyruvate oxidation in S. faecalis showed that propionate inhibited the lipoic acid-dependent aerobic oxidation of pyruvate in resting cells. Pyruvate dehydrogenation with neotetrazolium as a hydrogen acceptor in cell-free extracts also required lipoic acid and was markedly inhibited by propionyl phosphate as well as sodium propionate. Some lipid substances, such as palmitate, oleate, behenate, and lecithin, had a lipoic acid-replacing effect on growth of the organism. Biotin or bicarbonate promoted the lipoic acid-dependent growth. Acetate-2-(14)C added to the medium was mainly incorporated into the lipid fraction of the cells. Evolution of (14)CO(2) from pyruvate-2-(14)C was not observed in resting cells of the organism, even under aerobic conditions. From the above findings, it is concluded that lipid synthesis through pyruvate oxidation plays a very important role in bacterial growth in medium containing propionate.
Plasma-Enhanced ALD of Titanium-Silicon-Nitride Using TiCl[sub 4], SiH[sub 4], and N[sub 2]/H[sub 2]/Ar Plasma (2004)

Thin films of Ti-Si-N were deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) using TiCl4, SiH4, and N-2 /H-2 /Ar radicals at 350degreesC. When the reactants were supplied in the sequence of TiCl4 pulse, SiH4 pulse, then N-2 /H-2 /Ar plasma, the thickness per cycle and Si content in Ti-Si-N thin film saturated at 0.73 Angstrom/cycle and 8.5 atom % (Cl less than or equal to 0.5 atom %), respectively. The thickness per cycle is different from that of metallorganic ALD (MOALD). Although X-ray diffraction did not detect the presence of silicon nitride, the silicon nitride phase was investigated by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The addition of Si in Ti-Si-N thin films results in increased resistivity (approximately 500 muOmega cm) and improved Cu diffusion barrier properties due to the Si3N4 phase. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society.
Comparison of networks with different frequency reuses, DTX, and power control using the effective frequency load approach (2002)

Networks with different reuses, with and without DTX are compared by using the effective frequency load concept (EFL). EFL makes it possible to compare networks under different circumstances, like for example different weekdays or networks using different configurations. The simulations results show that networks using high frequency reuse factors give the best quality, while the gain from DTX is higher than the gain from power control. Both features can be combined to get an even higher gain. Field trial results show the same tendencies.
An overview of Pekan Lightning Detection System (PLDS) (2012)

Pekan is located at east of peninsular Malaysia which experience very high cloud to ground (CG) lightning density. The lightning strike hazards can be properly managed by using a lightning location system (LLS). In this paper, a system to monitor the lightning strikes and thunderstorm has been installed and setup. Pekan Lightning Detection System (PLDS) has a combination of Magnetics Direction Finder and Time-of - Arrival sensor. The PLDS provides both real-time and historical lightning data. The real-time data include the time of lightning strokes, their location and an estimate of the peak current.
1.3 &mu;m InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Lasers on SOI Waveguide Structures (2014)

A 1.3-μm InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide structure with a threshold current density of 300 A/cm2 and lasing temperatures greater than 100°C is fabricated by direct wafer bonding and layer transfer.
Molecular basis for methionine synthase reductase deficiency in patients belonging to the cblE complementation group of disorders in folate/cobalamin metabolism (1999)

Methionine synthase reductase (MSR) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of folate/cobalamin metabolism leading to hyperhomocysteinemia, hypo- methioninemia and megaloblastic anemia. Deficiency in MSR activity occurs as the result of a defect in the MSR enzyme, which is required for the reductive activation of methionine synthase (MS). MS itself is responsible for the folate/cobalamin-dependent conversion of homo- cysteine to methionine. We have recently cloned the cDNA corresponding to the MSR protein, a novel member of the ferredoxin-NADP(+)reductase (FNR) family of electron transferases. We have used RT-PCR, heteroduplex, single-strand conformation poly- morphism (SSCP) and DNA sequence analyses to reveal 11 mutations in eight patients from seven families belonging to the cblE complementation group of patients of cobalamin metabolism that is defective in the MSR protein. The mutations include splicing defects leading to large insertions or deletions, as well as a number of smaller deletions and point mutations. Apart from an intronic substitution found in two unrelated patients, the mutations appear singular among individuals. Of the eleven, three are nonsense mutations, allowing for the identification of two patients for whom little if any MSR protein should be produced. The remaining eight involve point mutations or in-frame disruptions of the coding sequence and are distributed throughout the coding region, including proposed FMN, FAD and NADPH binding sites. These data demonstrate a unique requirement for MSR in the reductive activation of MS.
Molecular Nanotube Aggregates of β- and γ-Cyclodextrins Linked by Diphenylhexatrienes (1994)

Linked by strings of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) molecules, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs) can form nanotube aggregates that contain as many as approximately 20 betaCDs (20 nanometers long) or approximately 20 to 35 gammaCDs (20 to 35 nanometers long). Nanotube formation was indicated in solution, by fluorescence anisotropy and light scattering results, and on graphite surfaces, by scanning tunneling microscopy. Tubes were not observed for the smaller alphaCDs. Molecular modeling shows that CD cavity size and the rodlike DPH structure are key factors in nanotube formation. Spectra generated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance indicate the inclusion of DPH in the interior of the CDs and formation of nanotubes in betaCDs and gammaCDs only. The photophysical properties of DPH are affected by its arrangement into a one-dimensional array within the CD nanotube, possibly because of exciton formation.
3D printed multiplexed electrospinning sources for large-scale production of aligned nanofiber mats with small diameter spread (2017)

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of novel, low-cost, and modular miniaturized nanofiber electrospinning sources for the scalable production of non-woven aligned nanofiber mats with low diameter variation. The devices are monolithic arrays of electrospinning emitters made via stereolithography; the emitters are arranged so each element has an independent line of sight to a rotating collector surface. Linear and zigzag emitter packing were evaluated using a PEO solution with the aim of maximizing the throughput of nanofibers with the smallest diameter and narrowest distribution. Current versus flowrate characterization of the devices showed that for a given flowrate a zigzag array produces more current per emitter than a linear array of the same emitter pitch and array size. In addition, the data demonstrate that larger and denser arrays have a net gain in flow rate per unit of active length. Visual inspection of the devices suggests uniform operation in devices with as many as 17 emitters with 300 μm inner diameter and 1.5 mm emitter gap. Well-aligned nanofiber mats were collected on a rotating drum and characterized; the 17-emitter device produced the same narrow nanofiber distribution (∼81 nm average diameter, ∼17 nm standard deviation) for all tested flow rates, which is strikingly different to the performance shown by 1-emitter sources where the average fiber diameter significantly increased and the statistics notably widened when the flowrate increases. Therefore, the data demonstrate that massively multiplexing the emitters is a viable approach to greatly increase the throughput of non-woven aligned nanofiber mats without sacrificing the statistics of the nanofibers generated. The production of dry nanofibers by the 17-emitter array is estimated at 33.0 mg min<sup>-1</sup> (1.38 mg min<sup>-1</sup> per mm of active length), which compares favorably with the reported multiplexed electrospinning arrays with emitters distributed along a line.
Oxidative Stress and TGF-<i>β</i>1/Smads Signaling Are Involved in<i> Rosa roxburghii</i> Fruit Extract Alleviating Renal Fibrosis (2019)

Fibrosis is involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We previously discovered that <i>Rosa roxburghii</i> fruit (Cili) possesses antifibrosis property in chronic renal disease, but the mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that Cili might prevent fibrosis development through mediating TGF-<i>β</i>/Smads signaling, which is known to be involved in renal fibrosis. This study aimed to confirm the effects of freeze-dried Cili powder in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and examine TGF-<i>β</i>/Smads signaling. Rats were randomized to (n=12/group): sham operation, UUO, UUO with losartan, UUO with moderate Cili dose (3 g/kg/d), and UUO with high Cili dose (6 g/kg/d). The rats were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. Collagen deposition was tested using Masson's staining. TGF-<i>β</i>/Smads signaling was examined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Rats in the UUO group showed excessive deposition of collagen in kidney interstitium, accompanied with high levels of renal 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, renal malondialdehyde, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and proteinuria (all P<0.05). Cili powder efficiently alleviated the pathological changes and oxidative stress in the kidneys of UUO rats, and decreased BUN, Scr and proteinuria (all P<0.05). Cili powder also inhibited the upregulation of TGFB1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD2, and SMAD3 and reversed the downregulation of SMAD7 in obstructed kidneys (mRNA and protein) (all P<0.05). In summary, the results suggest that Cili freeze-dried powder effectively prevents renal fibrosis and impairment in UUO rats, which is associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and TGF-<i>β</i>1/Smads signaling.
Una antología de Lorca, comentada y razonada (1989)

An 83-year-old, otherwise well, Caucasian gentleman was admitted with an incarcerated inguinal hernia. Routine preoperative tests revealed a raised international normalised ratio of 7.4, prothrombin time of 72.1 s and activated partial thromboplastin time of 73.1 s with normal liver and renal function tests. Despite fresh frozen plasma 15 ml/kg, and vitamin K, his repeat clotting remained deranged. The patient went on to have his hernia repair, and intraoperative bleeding remained normal despite the deranged clotting. The presence of endogenous clotting inhibitors can cause deranged coagulation studies but not impair bleeding. As in this case, the patient underwent surgery with no abnormal bleeding.
Ammonia Storage and Delivery Systems for Automotive NOx Aftertreatment (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It is well-known that ammonia is the active molecule for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel exhaust. However, the use of liquid ammonia for on-board storage in a pressure vessel has been excluded due to safety issues. The industry has thus far chosen urea dissolved in distilled water (AdBlue®) for storage in order to overcome the safety issues, but critical challenges must be overcome for efficient vehicle integration when indirect ammonia storage in the form of urea is applied. These challenges are related to the handling of the liquid in the tank as well as the conversion of urea to ammonia and CO<sub>2</sub> inside the exhaust line.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a technology for safe, on-board ammonia storage. It is a technology that enables direct ammonia dosing for NOx abatement using a simple, high-density storage and delivery system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The storage concept, which is based on metal ammine complexes, will be presented along with system design and performance data. The implications for vehicle integration are discussed, and a comparison is made with urea-based systems.</div>
A low‐loss bandpass filter using SAW resonators (1993)

Abstract A filter structure having a ladder network of one‐port surface acoustic waves (SAW) resonators was studied, as a development of low‐loss, high‐frequency bandpass filters. A simulation tool was developed first and used for the design of the filters. It was found that the loss and the stopband attenuation can be controlled by the ratio of the capacitance for the parallel arm resonator C op and that for the serial arm resonator C os , i.e., C op C os . It was revealed also that the input and output impedances can be matched to 50 Ω by maintaining a certain relationship between C op and C os . Based on these findings, 900—MHz and 1.5—GHz RF filters were designed and prototyped for portable telephone applications. The 900—MHz filter has the insertion loss of 1.5 to 3 dB, the stopband attenuation of 20 to 30 dB, and the input output VSWR of less than 2, and requires no impedance matching circuit. Similar characteristics were achieved by the 1.5—GHz filter. The insertion loss turned out to be approximately half of what was achieved by the conventional transversal filters.
Identification of Hen Egg Yolk-Derived Phosvitin Phosphopeptides and Their Effects on Gene Expression Profiling against Oxidative Stress-Induced Caco-2 Cells (2011)

Oxidative stress is involved in the initiation and propagation of chronic intestinal pathologies. Bioactive peptides such as egg yolk-derived phosvitin phosphopeptides (PPP3) have been previously shown to reduce in vitro oxidative stress by up-regulating glutathione synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities. Peptide and gene expression profile analysis of the PPP3 peptides can provide insight into structures involved in signal transduction mechanisms in the antioxidative stress response. The objectives of this research were to identify the PPP3 amino acid sequences before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and to assess the genes influenced by PPP3. Peptide sequences were analyzed using ESI Q-TOF-MS/MS, and the expression profile of 84 human oxidative stress and antioxidant defense genes were analyzed. Undigested PPP3 was composed of three main peptides: GTEPDAKTSSSSSSASSTATSSSSSSASSPNRKKPMDE (phosvitin-PV residues 4-41), NSKSSSSSSKSSSSSSRSRSSSKSSSSSSSSSSSSSSKSSSSR (PV residues 155-197), and EDDSSSSSSSSVLSKIWGRHEIYQ (PV residues 244-257) and their fragments. There was limited degradation of PPP3 after gastrointestinal digestion as deduced from the fragment sizes of digested PPP3, which ranged from 5 to 32 amino acids. These fragments were rich in contiguous serines and, in some cases, monoesterified with phosphate. Both undigested and digested PPP3 significantly reduced IL-8 secretion in H(2)O(2)-induced Caco-2 cells, indicating that antioxidative stress bioactivity is retained upon digestion. After PPP3 pretreatment, antioxidant genes associated with oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and cellular responses to chemical stimulus, oxidative stress, and ROS are up-regulated in the presence and absence of oxidative stress, thereby contributing to the prevention of intestinal oxidative stress and the promotion of gut health.
Properties and applications of piezoelectric polymers (1984)

Piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) is an established transducer material 15 years after its discovery. Preparation techniques, properties and some applications are discussed together with an outline of future developments
Tunable single-mode fiber reflective grating filter (1987)

A single-mode fiber tunable reflective filter is demonstrated by translating a fan-shaped grating structure through the evanescent field of a side-polished fiber. Filter linewidths of about 1 nm were measured over tuning ranges in excess of 65 nm. Reflectivities as high as 88 percent were observed. Using the fiber filter as a feedback element, a multimode semiconductor laser was observed to oscillate in a single mode which could be discretely turned over a wavelength range of 26 nm.
Design and Implementation of a Virtual Platform of Solid-State Disks (2012)

This letter presents a virtual platform of solid-state disks (SSDs). Using a set of programming interfaces, users can quickly assemble an SSD based on their preferred flash chip organization and flash management algorithm, and a virtual disk then appears in the host system as a logical instance of the SSD. Unlike previous SSD simulation tools, this virtual disk performs block read/write with realistic I/O latencies as if this simulated SSD was real. This virtual platform provides a swift way to SSD hardware and firmware prototyping, and it is also useful for future research on the paradigm of host-device interaction.
Proactive Detection and Recovery of Lost Mobile Phones (2005)

This paper describes the successful implementation of a prototype software application that independently and proactively detects whether a mobile phone is lost or misused. When the mobile phone is detected as being lost or misused, the application takes steps to mitigate the impact of loss and to gather evidence. The goal is to aid in the recovery of the mobile phone. The prototype works regardless of the cellular infrastructure the mobile phone is operating in and makes minimum demands on the owner of the mobile phone. The prototype was developed on Nokia 6600 mobile phones that run Symbian Operating System 7.0s. Development was done using Nokia’s Series 60 Developer’s Platform 2.0.
A realistic evaluation and comparison of indoor location technologies (2015)

We present the results, experiences and lessons learned from comparing a diverse set of technical approaches to indoor localization during the 2014 Microsoft Indoor Localization Competition. 22 different solutions to indoor localization from different teams around the world were put to test in the same unfamiliar space over the course of 2 days, allowing us to directly compare the accuracy and overhead of various technologies. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of the evaluation study's results, discuss the current state-of-the-art in indoor localization, and highlight the areas that, based on our experience from organizing this event, need to be improved to enable the adoption of indoor location services.
Association of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (2004)

The risk for cardiovascular disease and total mortality associated with hemoglobin A1c concentrations increased continuously through the sample distribution. Most of the events in the sample occurred in persons with moderately elevated HbA1c concentrations. These findings support the need for randomized trials of interventions to reduce hemoglobin A1c concentrations in persons without diabetes.
The Folded Normal Distribution: Accuracy of Estimation by Maximum Likelihood (1962)

This paper is a sequel to two previous papers on the subject of the Folded Normal Distribution appearing in Technometrics, S, pp. 543–550 and 551–562, (1961). In these earlier papers methods for estimating the parameters of the Folded Normal Distribution were proposed. Thii paper gives approximations for the standard errors for the maximum liklihood estimates of these parameters.
Sulfate transport-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Sulfation of glycosaminoglycans dependent on cysteine. (1986)

We isolated 59 Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in 35SO4 incorporation into glycosaminoglycans. Thirty-five mutants incorporated [6-3H]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans normally, suggesting that they were specifically impaired in sulfate incorporation. Cell hybridization studies revealed that the 35 mutants defined a unique complementation group. Pulse-labeling one of the mutants with 35SO4 showed that it possessed a defect in a saturable, 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid-sensitive transport system required for sulfate uptake. Despite the dramatic reduction in 35SO4 incorporation, the mutant synthesized sulfated heparan and chondroitin chains. Incubation of the mutant with [35S]cysteine resulted in the formation of 35SO4, which was subsequently incorporated into the glycosaminoglycans. Similar results were obtained when wild-type cells were incubated in sulfate-free growth medium containing [35S]cysteine, and isotope dilution analysis indicated that about 15 microM of sulfate was derived from cysteine catabolism. We also found that the sulfate transport deficiency rendered the mutant resistant to 5 microM sodium chromate, whereas wild-type cells did not divide under these conditions. However, the mutant also did not proliferate in medium containing 5 microM chromate when grown in the presence of wild-type cells, suggesting that chromate was transported through cell-cell contacts. Since co-cultivating sulfate transport-deficient mutants with mutants defective in xylosyltransferase or galactosyltransferase I partially restored 35SO4 incorporation into glycosaminoglycans, intercellular sulfate transport occurred as well. Therefore, the availability of sulfate for glycosaminoglycan synthesis depends on sulfate uptake, turnover of sulfur-containing amino acids, and sulfate transport between cells.