gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization of <i>oskar</i> RNA regulates <i>oskar</i> translation and requires Oskar protein (1995)

The site of oskar RNA and protein localization within the oocyte determines where in the embryo primordial germ cells form and where the abdomen develops. Initiation of oskar RNA localization requires the activity of several genes. We show that ovaries mutant for any of these genes lack Oskar protein. Using various transgenic constructs we have determined that sequences required for oskar RNA localization and translational repression map to the oskar 3'UTR, while sequences involved in the correct temporal activation of translation reside outside the oskar 3'UTR. Upon localization of oskar RNA and protein at the posterior pole, Oskar protein is required to maintain localization of oskar RNA throughout oogenesis. Stable anchoring of a transgenic reporter RNA at the posterior pole is disrupted by oskar nonsense mutations. We propose that initially localization of oskar RNA permits translation into Oskar protein and that subsequently Oskar protein regulates its own RNA localization through a positive feedback mechanism.
An FPGA-based array processor for an ionospheric-imaging radar (2002)

Atmospheric scientists need to observe fluctuations in the ionosphere, both to probe the underlying atmospheric physics and to remove the effects of these fluctuations from other measurements. We have built an FPGA-based, pipelined array processor that allows us to make these observations in real-time, using passive radar techniques. Our array processor time-multiplexes 16 multiply-accumulators across 1536 radar ranges, performing a pipelined correlation and integration of the radar signal for each range. A DSP-based postprocessor generates real-time range-Doppler profiles of the ionospheric targets.
Ion core structure in (N2O)n+(n=2–8) studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy (2009)

IR photodissociation (IRPD) spectra of (N(2)O)(2)(+) x Ar and (N(2)O)(n)(+) with n=3-8 are measured in the 1000-2300 cm(-1) region. The (N(2)O)(2)(+) x Ar ion shows an IRPD band at 1154 cm(-1), which can be assigned to the out-of-phase combination of the nu(1) vibrations of the N(2)O components in the N(4)O(2)(+) ion; the positive charge is delocalized over the two N(2)O molecules. The geometry optimization and the vibrational analysis at the B3LYP/6-311+G(*) level show that the N(4)O(2)(+) ion has a C(2h) structure with the oxygen ends of the N(2)O components bonded to each other. The IRPD spectra of the (N(2)O)(n)(+) (n=3-8) ions show three prominent bands at approximately 1170, approximately 1275, and approximately 2235 cm(-1). The intensity of the approximately 1170 cm(-1) band relative to that of the other bands decreases with increasing the cluster size. Therefore, the approximately 1170 cm(-1) band is ascribed to the N(4)O(2)(+) dimer ion core and the approximately 1275 and approximately 2235 cm(-1) bands are assigned to the nu(1) and nu(3) vibrations of solvent N(2)O molecules, respectively. Since the band of the N(4)O(2)(+) ion core is located at almost the same position for all the (N(2)O)(n)(+) (n=2-8) clusters, the C(2h) structure of the dimer ion core does not change so largely by the solvation of N(2)O molecules, which is quite contrastive to the isoelectronic (CO(2))(n)(+) case.
Kinetic Studies of Antioxidant Activity of New Tocopherol Model Compounds in Solution (1987)

Abstract The second-order rate constants ks for the reaction of 10 kinds of tocopherol (vitamin E) model compounds with stable phenoxyl radical in ethanol have been measured at 25.0°C, using a stopped-flow spectrophotometer, as a model reaction of tocopherols with unstable free radicals (ROO·, RO·, and HO·) in biological systems. The absolute ks values of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol models are similar to or slightly smaller than those of the corresponding tocopherols having a long-phytyl-chain. The relative ks values (α: β: γ: δ=100 : 53 : 50 : 24), that is, relative antioxidant activities, of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol models are in good agreement with those (100 : 44 : 47 : 20) of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols. The antioxidant activities of tocopherol models having two alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl groups, at ortho positions of OH group are similar to each other, suggesting that the effect of steric hindrance on the reaction rate is small. 5,7-Dimethyltocol model has quite similar rate constants with those of β- and γ-tocopherol models, whereas δ-tocopherol model is only ca. 24% as reactive as α-tocopherol model and tocol model is only ca. 10% as reactive as α-tocopherol model. The result indicates that the rate constants increase as the total electron donating capacity of the alkyl substituents at aromatic ring increases. For the tocopherol models logks was found to correlate with Σσ+ substituent constants with a ρ+ value of −1.0.
Crosstalk between neovessels and mural cells directs the site-specific expression of MT1-MMP to endothelial tip cells (2007)

The membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP (also known as Mmp14) plays a key role in the angiogenic process, but the mechanisms underlying its spatiotemporal regulation in the in vivo setting have not been defined. Using whole-mount immunohistochemical analysis and the lacZ gene inserted into the Mmp14 gene, we demonstrate that MT1-MMP vascular expression in vivo is confined largely to the sprouting tip of neocapillary structures where endothelial cell proliferation and collagen degradation are coordinately localized. During angiogenesis in vitro, wherein endothelial cells are stimulated to undergo neovessel formation in the presence or absence of accessory mural cells, site-specific MT1-MMP expression is shown to be controlled by crosstalk between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). When vessel maturation induced by VSMCs is inhibited by introducing a soluble form of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tek, MT1-MMP distribution is no longer restricted to the endothelial tip cells, but instead distributes throughout the neovessel network in vitro as well as ex vivo. Taken together, these data demonstrate that vascular maturation coordinated by endothelial cell/mural cell interactions redirects MT1-MMP expression to the neovessel tip where the protease regulates matrix remodeling at the leading edge of the developing vasculature.
Cerebrospinal fluid sodium rhythms (2010)

These CSF rhythms are the first reports of sodium chronobiology in the human nervous system. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that rising levels of extracellular sodium may contribute to the timing of migraine onset. The physiological importance of sodium in the nervous system suggests that these rhythms may have additional repercussions on ultradian functions.
Molecular anatomy of chromosome 7q deletions in myeloid neoplasms: Evidence for multiple critical loci (1998)

Complete or partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q- and -7) are nonrandom abnormalities seen in primary and therapy-induced myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Monosomy 7, occurring as the sole cytogenetic anomaly in a small but significant number of cases, may denote a dominant mechanism involving critical tumor suppressor gene(s). We have determined the extent of allele loss in cytogenetically prescreened MDS and AML patients for microsatellite markers from chromosome 7q22 and 7q31. Whereas >80% of these cases revealed allele loss for the entire region, a rare case of the 7q- chromosome showed allele loss for only the proximal 7q31.1 loci flanked by the markers D7S486 and D7S2456, and a case of monosomy 7 revealed allele loss for loci at both 7q31 and 7q22 with retention of sequences between these sets of loci. Furthermore, a case of AML with no cytogenetic anomaly of chromosome 7 revealed a submicroscopic allelic imbalance for a third distal locus, D7S677. These findings suggest the presence of three distinct critical loci that may contribute alone or in combination to the evolution of MDS and AML. The data also provide molecular evidence for unbalanced translocation with noncontiguous deletions, as an alternate mechanism underlying monosomy 7.
Efficacy of iodinate oil magnetic paclitaxel albumin nanoparticle on rat liver cancers (2011)

Objective;To prepare anti-cancer targeting drug paclitaxel albumin magnetic nanoparticles(MAG-TAXNP) and iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP,and study the efficacy of iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP on rat liver cancer.Methods; MAG-TAX-NP was prepared by emulsion-ultrasonic-solidification heat method using albumin and nano-Fe_3O_4 particles as carriers,and then iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP was constructed.The content of paclitaxel was detected by UV spectrophotometry, and the loading rate and the entrapment efficiency of MAG-TAX-NP were calculated.The morphology of MAG-TAX-NP was observed under electron microscope.Rat liver tumor model was established.In addition to the blank group, 0.2 ml of iodinate oil,iodinate oil paclitaxel,iodinate oil magnetic nanoparticle,or iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP was separately injected into the hepatic artery of tumor-bearing rats.Tumor-bearing rats were sacrificed 14 d after injection,the liver tumors were weighed and the tumor inhibitory rates in each group were calculated.The inhibitory rate of Iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP on liver tumors was observed under an electron microscope.Results;The prepared MAG-TAX-NP was smooth;its diameter was about 70 nm;its average loading rate was 5.62%;and its average entrapment efficiency was 80.72%.The tumor inhibitory rate of iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP treatment group was significantly increased(P 0.01), with tumor inhibitory rates of iodinate oil,iodinate oil paclitaxel,iodinate oil magnetic nanoparticle,and iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP treatment groups being(43.2±2.24)%,(51±3.33)%,(57.4±3.66)%,and(87.4±4.11)%, respectively.Furthermore,liver tumor cells showed lots of apoptosis and necrosis after iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP treatment. Conclusion;Iodinate oil MAG-TAX-NP can inhibit growth of rat liver tumors,which might become a novel paclitaxel formulation in treatment of liver cancers.
Reformatting palivizumab and motavizumab from IgG to human IgA impairs their efficacy against RSV infection in vitro and in vivo (2018)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in young children. Protective therapy options are limited. Currently, palivizumab, a monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is the only licensed drug for RSV prophylaxis, although other IgG antibody candidates are being evaluated. However, at the respiratory mucosa, IgA antibodies are most abundant and act as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Therefore, it would be logical to explore the potential of recombinant human IgA antibodies to protect against viral respiratory infection, but very little research on the topic has been published. Moreover, it is unknown whether human antibodies of the IgA isotype are better suited than those of the IgG isotype as antiviral drugs to combat respiratory infections. To address this, we generated various human IgA antibody formats of palivizumab and motavizumab, two well-characterized human IgG1 anti-RSV antibodies. We evaluated their efficacy to prevent RSV infection in vitro and in vivo and found similar, but somewhat decreased efficacy for different IgA subclasses and formats. Thus, reformatting palivizumab or motavizumab into IgA reduces the antiviral potency of either antibody. Moreover, our results indicate that the efficacy of intranasal IgA prophylaxis against RSV infection in human FcαRI transgenic mice is independent of Fc receptor expression.
Prevalence and source of pain in pediatric inpatients (1996)

Our knowledge of the prevalence and sources of pain within hospital is limited. The present study is an epidemiological investigation of pain in a pediatric hospital. All children who were inpatients in a tertiary care hospital (excluding Neonatal ICU and psychiatry patients) and one parent per child were potential subjects. Interviews were conducted on three weekdays. Parent interviews were used for children less than 5 years of age (n = 102); child interviews were used for children age 5 years and older (n = 98). Subjects reported the intensity and source of the worst, usual and current pain during the past 24 h, and help received for pain. Medical and demographic variables and analgesics prescribed and administered were obtained from the medical record. Forty-nine percent of subjects reported clinically significant levels of worst pain. Twenty-one percent of subjects had clinically significant levels of usual pain. Causes of pain were variable and included disease, surgery, and intravenous lines (I.V.). Pain intensity was not significantly related to age, gender, patient type (medical, surgical), or diagnostic category. Children were given significantly less medication than was prescribed, regardless of their reported pain level. Nurses, mothers, and 'no-one' were frequently reported as helping with pain. Medications and nonpharmacological methods were reported as helpful in managing pain. Many children endure unacceptable levels of pain during hospitalization. Pain prevention and management must be more aggressive. Pain assessment should be approached with the same attention as vital signs. Improvements in analgesic prescription and administration practices and non-pharmacological pain control methods are needed.
Stacked microstrip antenna with wide band and high gain (1990)

A microstrip antenna composed of radiating, matching, and director elements is presented. The director element increases the gain of the antenna, while the matching element widens the frequency bandwidth of the input impedance. By adjusting the distance between the matching element and the radiating element by varying the height of the former element, the input impedance of the antenna is matched to the output impedance of the feed line. The proposed antenna, therefore, has wider impedance bandwidth and higher gain than the single-patch antenna. Since this antenna can be directly fed from the back of the ground plane, the feed circuit is simpler than that of the planar array antenna. For mobile communications, the stacked microstrip antenna array is useful when a gain of about 8 approximately 12 dBi is required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on wind protection efficiency of slatted fence windbreakers (1960)

The adverse effects of wind—chilling of dairy cows, poultry, and other livestock during cold weather, soil erosion and air pollution, scarring of citrus fruits such as lemons, and on fire control—are often economic factors in California agriculture.
A Method for Online Diagnostics of Electromagnetic Relays Against Contact Welding for Safety Critical Applications (2015)

In a nuclear power plant, electromagnetic (EM) relays are often used to communicate TRIP signal configured in fail-safe mode. Online diagnostics is an important part of fault tolerant design. Relay contact welding is a failure mode of concern. Current methods do not allow for reliable online diagnostics of this failure mode without actually opening/closing the relays or without making measurements at contact side. In this paper, a technique for online diagnostics of EM relay without affecting the contact status is proposed. The method uses the differences in characteristic decay of coil current during deenergization process between a healthy and a relay whose contacts got welded. A test circuit is designed to verify the concept of deenergizing, followed by quick reenergization of relay coil. Diagnostic information is extracted, and the method is amenable for online automated execution. Results are satisfactory, and a welded contact is successfully detected and indicated by the circuitry. Reliability improvement achieved by deploying the proposed method is highlighted.
Structured Data Exchange Format (SDXF) (2001)

This specification describes an all-purpose interchange format for use as a file format or for net-working. Data is organized in chunks which can be ordered in hierarchical structures. This format is self-describing and CPU-independent.
Stabilin-2 is involved in lymphocyte adhesion to the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium via the interaction with αMβ2 integrin (2007)

Although lymphocyte recirculation to the endothelium plays a critical role in the movement of immune cells from the blood into tissues and sites of inflammation, the mechanisms involved in lymphocyte trafficking via the hepatic circulation have yet to be elucidated fully. In this study, we investigated the role of stabilin-2, which is expressed specifically in the sinusoidal endothelium, in the adhesion of lymphocytes to the hepatic endothelium. Stabilin-2-expressing cells mediate the adhesion of PBLs. This interaction was attributed specifically to the interaction of stabilin-2 with alphaMbeta2 integrin. Using mutant stabilin-2 molecules with deletions in the extracellular domain, we mapped the binding site for alphaMbeta2 integrin to the fasciclin 1 (FAS1) domains of stabilin-2. The specificity of the interaction between alphaMbeta2 integrin and the FAS1 domain was confirmed further by binding assays using neutralizing antibodies. More physiologically, we showed that the down-regulation of stabilin-2 results in the defective binding of lymphocytes to hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells under conditions of static and physiological flow. Together, these data show that stabilin-2 can reconstitute the lymphocyte-endothelial adhesion cascade under physiological shear stress. We propose a critical role for stabilin-2 in lymphocyte adhesion to specialized endothelia, such as that of the hepatic sinusoid.
<title>Almost Everything One Needs To Know About Image Matching Systems</title> (1980)

The missile map-matching problem for guidance updating or target homing is shown in Figure 1. The problem as defined here consists of locating the position of a sensor image relative to a reference map which is stored onboard the vehicle's computer. Once the match location is found the relative location between the two map centers can be used to update the vehicle's navigational position. The two important performance considerations are the avoidance of false fixes as measured by their frequency of occurrence and the accuracy with which the position fix can be made.
Late Pliocene-quaternary biostratigraphy and climatic change in DSDP 208, Lord Howe rise (1978)

Site 208 from Leg 21 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project con tains a well preserved and almost complete sequence of Pliocene and Pleistocene planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton. The upper 42.5 m of sediment has been analysed at 50 cm intervals. Several major cold episodes are recognised. The strongest occur at 39 m, 27 m and about 11m. The first of these may represent the onset of major continental glaciation in the Late Pliocene, about 3.0 m.y. ago. Oceanic palaeo-temperatures were found to vary by at least 8°C, implying a latitudinal water mass movement of about 10°. The biostratigraphy has strong affinities with Tropical zonations, except that two species whose extinctions are used elsewhere as datum planes were found to occur here much higher in the sequence. They were Globorotalia multicamerata and Globigerinoides fistulosus. Four coiling reversals were found in Pulleniatina obiiquiloculata in the Pleistocene and were apparently unrelated to climate. Dates for these reversals agree closely with those found elsewhere. They may be useful datum points for Early Pleistocene correlation.
A time‐sequential multi‐projector autostereoscopic display (2000)

Abstract— We describe a new 28‐view 25‐in. autostereoscopic display that combines both time‐sequential and multi‐projector technology. It is constructed from four time‐sequential subsystems, which abut behind a single ferroelectric liquid‐crystal shutter. The display has a resolution of 512 × 384 pixels in 24‐bit color. It allows multiple viewers to simultaneously view stereoscopic images without the need for special glasses or headgear.
Influence of xylan on the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam‐pretreated corn stover and hybrid poplar (2009)

The focus of this study was to alter the xylan content of corn stover and poplar using SO(2)-catalyzed steam pretreatment to determine the effect on subsequent hydrolysis by commercial cellulase preparations supplemented with or without xylanases. Steam pretreated solids with xylan contents ranging from approximately 1 to 19% (w/w) were produced. Higher xylan contents and improved hemicellulose recoveries were obtained with solids pretreated at lower severities or without SO(2)-addition prior to pretreatment. The pretreated solids with low xylan content (<4% (w/w)) were characterized by fast and complete cellulose to glucose conversion when utilizing cellulases. Commercial cellulases required xylanase supplementation for effective hydrolysis of pretreated substrates containing higher amounts of xylan. It was apparent that the xylan content influenced both the enzyme requirements for hydrolysis and the recovery of sugars during the pretreatment process.
Adenomatous polyps develop commonly in the ileal pouch of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (2001)

Adenomatous polyps occur frequently in ileal pouches. These findings are of concern, and therefore, regular surveillance seems warranted until the natural history of these adenomatous polyps is determined.
Kinetics of the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid to Ethanol (1985)

Abstract The ruthanium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol was conducted at 140–230° under hydrogen pressure of 40.8–81.6 atm with a catalyst loading of 4 g/L. The best rate expression to fit the experimental results is Kinetic data at 230° were obtained with an average error of 7%. It is concluded that the rate limiting step is the first addition of hydrogen to acetic acid to produce aldehyde and water as the intermediates. The activation energy is 12.7 kcal/mole.
Progress in Thin Film Solar Cells Based on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Cu</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>ZnSnS</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2011)

The research in thin film solar cells has been dominated by light absorber materials based on CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) in the last several decades. The concerns of environment impact of cadmium and the limited availability of indium in those materials have driven the research towards developing new substitute light absorbers made from earth abundant, environment benign materials. Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) semiconductor material has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for this aim and has attracted considerable interest recently. Significant progress in this relatively new research area has been achieved in the last three years. Over 130 papers on CZTS have been published since 2007, and the majority of them are on the preparation of CZTS thin films by different methods. This paper, will review the wide range of techniques that have been used to deposit CZTS semiconductor thin films. The performance of the thin film solar cells using the CZTS material will also be discussed.