gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Convolutional LSTM Neural Network for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution (2019)

Single-image super-resolution (SR) is an effective approach to enhance spatial resolution for numerous applications such as object detection and classification when the resolution of sensors is limited. Although deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) proposed for this purpose in recent years have outperformed relatively shallow models, enormous parameters bring the risk of overfitting. In addition, due to the different scale of objects in images, the hierarchical features of deep CNN contain additional information for SR tasks, while most CNN models have not fully utilized these features. In this paper, we proposed a deep yet concise network to address these problems. Our network consists of two main structures: (1) recursive inference block based on dense connection reuse of local low-level features, and recursive learning is applied to control the model parameters while increasing the receptive fields; (2) a bidirectional convolutional LSTM (BiConvLSTM) layer is introduced to learn the correlations of features from each recursion and adaptively select the complementary information for the reconstruction layer. Experiments on multispectral satellite images, panchromatic satellite images, and nature high-resolution remote-sensing images showed that our proposed model outperformed state-of-the-art methods while utilizing fewer parameters, and ablation studies demonstrated the effectiveness of a BiConvLSTM layer for an image SR task.
Benefit Design Innovations to Manage Specialty Pharmaceuticals (2008)

Current management techniques for specialty pharmaceuticals often represent a stop-gap approach for controlling rising drug costs. Creation of a specialty pharmacy benefit can optimize cost and utilization management.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Aromatic Inhibitors Against Rat Lens Aldose Reductase Activity Using Variable Selections (2013)

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of aromatic inhibitors against aldose reductase (AR) activity was performed using variable selection from stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) and genetic algorithm (GA)-MLR. As a result of variable selection, stepwise MLR and GA-MLR gave the same results with one, two, three and five descriptors and different results with four and six descriptors. GA-MLR produced higher values and was better in explanatory and predictive power than stepwise MLR in four variables. AR activity (pIC50) of aromatic derivatives was expressed with acceptable explanatory (74.6-81.2%) and predictive power (68.8-74.4%) in models 3 and 4. The resulting models with the given descriptors illustrate that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play a significant role in inhibition of AR activity. This study suggests that the QSAR models can be used as guidelines to predict improved aldose reductase inhibitory activity and to obtain reliable predictions in structurally diverse compounds.
Tag-Split Cache for Efficient GPGPU Cache Utilization (2016)

Modern GPUs employ cache to improve memory system efficiency. However, large amount of cache space is underutilized due to irregular memory accesses and poor spatial locality which exhibited commonly in GPU applications. Our experiments show that using smaller cache lines could improve cache space utilization, but it also frequently suffers from significant performance loss by introducing large amount of extra cache requests. In this work, we propose a novel cache design named tag-split cache (TSC) that enables fine-grained cache storage to address the problem of cache space underutilization while keeping memory request number unchanged. TSC divides tag into two parts to reduce storage overhead, and it supports multiple cache line replacement in one cycle. TSC can also automatically adjust cache storage granularity to avoid performance loss for applications with good spatial locality. Our evaluation shows that TSC improves the baseline cache performance by 17.2% on average across a wide range of applications. It also out-performs other previous techniques significantly.
Communication-Efficient Dynamic Task Scheduling for Heterogeneous Multi-Robot Systems (2007)

In this paper, a communication-efficient dynamic task scheduling algorithm for a heterogeneous multi-robot system is proposed. To make this task scheduling algorithm to be scalable for various robot teams, a distributed communication with shared global unit mechanism is applied to reduce the storage cost as well as communication overhead. Each robot makes its own decision through communicating with others as well as checking a global unit. This algorithm improves its efficiency by broadcasting specific information only to those who are capable and have interest in the current tasks. To improve the system robustness, an auction-based fitness function is applied to dynamically allocate the tasks among the robots if the pre-assigned robot can not handle the task or a robot fails under dynamic environment. The proposed approach is robust against communication failures and robot failures. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach.
Real-time PCR detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical and municipal wastewater and genotyping of the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (2006)

Real-time quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed in various wastewater systems including clinical, municipal wastewaters and inflow from a wastewater treatment plant. The highest concentrations of P. aeruginosa-specific targets were detected in clinical wastewaters. Limitations of the detection system resulting from inhibition or cross-reaction were identified. Ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains were isolated after specific enrichment from clinical and municipal wastewaters. In some cases they were also cultivated from effluent of a wastewater treatment plant, and from its downstream river water. A total of 119 isolates were phenotypically characterized as ciprofloxacin-resistant via antibiogram testing. Subsequently, the fluoroquinolone-resistance-mediating mutations in the genes gyrA codon positions 83 and 87, gyrB codon position 466 and parC codon positions 87 and 91 were determined by mini-sequencing. Ciprofloxacin resistance was mainly associated with mutations in gyrA codon position 83 and parC mutation in codon positions 87 or 91 of the bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase II genes. All ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains were compared with genotypes from clinical data of fluoroquinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa infections. The results were in agreement with data from clinical analyses, with the exception that no gyrA 87 and no gyrB mutations were found in ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa wastewater isolates.
The Effects of Trace Elements on Human and Animal Health (1970)

SUMMARY Trace elements are ubiquitous in the environment of man and animals. Some are essential compounds of biochemical functions, whereas others, though present, are considered to be nonessential to the maintenance of normal body functions. The essential trace elements may be enzyme catalysts. There are a number of analytical methods used to detect and evaluate trace elements in the environment, including specialized methodologies for detecting levels in animal tissues. Certain essential elements, when deficient, as well as certain nonessential elements in excess are detrimental to health. Geographic variation in the distribution of trace elements may relate to their effects on health. The relationship between effect and measurable intakes requires further study as our knowledge, state of the art, and analytical tools for determining effects become more sensitive.
A One-Pot Synthesis of 1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-4- (4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)- imidazole:  A Potent Inhibitor of P38 MAP Kinase (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA One-Pot Synthesis of 1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-4- (4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-amino-4-pyrimidinyl)- imidazole: A Potent Inhibitor of P38 MAP KinaseJoseph SiskoView Author Information SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Synthetic Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 13, 4529–4531Publication Date (Web):June 5, 1998Publication History Received10 February 1998Published online5 June 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980248vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980248vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views777Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Amines,Imidazoles,Ketones,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Augmented Album: situation-dependent system for a personal digital video/image collection (2002)

Augmented Album is an application developed to demonstrate how user situations can be used to provide an easy-to-use and easy-to-remember interface for the management and retrieval of digital pictures that consist of both digital video clips and still images. In this system, contextual information such as the location, time, and user events, are captured when a picture is taken. It represents the meaning of the picture as well as its content information to some extent, and thus benefits us to retrieve image/video clips. At the same time, the contextual information could be used to achieve a more realistic organization of those pictures on a computer system.
[Effect of verapamil with renal disease basic-prescription on hemorheology indexes of type II nephrotic syndrome]. (1993)

24 cases of type II nephrotic syndrome were studied and divided randomly into two groups. Group A: 12 cases treated with verapamil; Group B: 12 cases treated with verapamil plus Renal Disease Basic-prescription (RDBP). Hemorheology indexes were measured in the two groups before and 4 weeks after the treatment. The results showed hyperviscosity was obviously improved in group A after verapamil administration (P < 0.05), but the improvement in group B was much more significant than that in group A. The results mentioned above indicate that calcium channel blocker has an anticoagulant effect with inhibiting platelet aggregation, and Peach kernel, Safflower, etc of RDBP played a role in prohibiting platelets aggregation, anticoagulation and promoting microcirculation. However the combination of the two methods has better effect in improving the hypercoagulable state of nephrotic syndrome.
Computer-designed expert systems for breast cytology diagnosis. (1993)

Three expert systems have been developed to diagnose from nine scalar values visually assigned to epithelial cells obtained by breast fine needle aspiration. These expert systems achieved up to 0.98 sensitivity and 0.97 specificity. When applied to 804 breast masses, the clinical sensitivity was 0.98 and specificity was 0.93 (exclusive of the 0.04 unsatisfactory aspirates). Cancers can be missed physically during the aspiration process; thus, some clinically suspicious masses were biopsied despite benign cytology. This contributed to the difference between the expert system and clinical specificities.
TNF-α respecifies human mesenchymal stem cells to a neural fate and promotes migration toward experimental glioma (2010)

Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have become valuable candidates for cell-based therapeutical applications including neuroregenerative and anti-tumor strategies. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that control hMSC trans-differentiation to neural cells and hMSC tropism toward glioma remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hMSCs incubated with 50 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) acquired astroglial cell morphology without affecting proliferation, which was increased at 5 ng/ml. TNF-α (50 ng/ml) upregulated expression of numerous genes important for neural cell growth and function including LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2), SOX2 (SRY box 2), and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), whereas NES (human nestin) transcription ceased suggesting a premature neural phenotype in TNF-α-differentiated hMSCs. Studies on intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling revealed that inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity abolished the TNF-α-mediated regulation of neural genes in hMSCs. In addition, TNF-α significantly enhanced expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 (CXC motive chemokine receptor 4), which facilitated the chemotactic invasiveness of hMSCs toward stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) alpha. TNF-α-pretreated hMSCs not only exhibited an increased ability to infiltrate glioma cell spheroids dependent on matrix metalloproteinase activity in vitro, but they also showed a potentiated tropism toward intracranial malignant gliomas in an in vivo mouse model. Taken together, our results provide evidence that culture-expansion of hMSCs in the presence of TNF-α triggers neural gene expression and functional capacities, which could improve the use of hMSCs in the treatment of neurological disorders including malignant gliomas.
Role of Glomerular Endothelial Damage in Progressive Renal Disease (1999)

Although glomerular lesions are caused by multiple mechanisms, when the lesion is severe, it frequently results in segmental or global sclerosis regardless of etiology, and contributes to progression of renal disease. Initially, glomerular mesangial cell injury was considered to be central to glomerular sclerosis. Recently, glomerular epithelial cell injury has attracted attention as the primary event of the sclerosis. Less attention has been paid to glomerular endothelial cell injury. However, the latter is acquiring increasing interest as to whether endothelial cell injury is also a crucial factor in the cause and progression of glomerular sclerosis. It has been clearly demonstrated that regeneration of impaired glomerular capillary networks plays an important role in the repair process of glomerular lesions. Glomerular endothelial cell injury exerts significant influences on the progression and repair process of glomerular disease. When the glomerular lesion is severe, angiogenesis is prevented due to endothelial cell injury, with subsequent sclerosis taking place in the impaired region. These glomerular endothelial cell injuries inevitably affect mesangial and epithelial cells and presumably modify the progression of renal disease by reciprocally interacting with them.
Cooling of a semiconductor by luminescence up-conversion (1999)

We report the observation of phonon-mediated up-conversion of luminescence in a GaAs quantum well. This opens the possibility of light-induced lattice cooling in a semiconductor. Under appropriate conditions, pumping the sample with light at the energy of the heavy-hole exciton, we observe light-hole exciton emission, which lies ∼10 meV above the excitation energy. The use of an external magnetic field together with the resolution of excited excitonic states provides an internal thermometer to monitor the sample temperature. Temperature drops as large as 10% of the initial temperature are observed for pump densities of 4 W cm−2.
Matrix enhanced laser desorption in mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (1985)

When sampled by laser irradiation from a suitable matrix, cationized sugars can be desorbed in far higher yields for longer periods than in experiments which do not employ a matrix. Daughter spectra reveal that Li+ reacts differently from the other alkali ions in that it can catalyse ring opening; collision-induced dissociation then causes successive CC cleavage reactions. Selectivity is also exhibited by the substrate; some isomers yield much more intense ion currents with the alkali metals than do others. These findings should contribute to a wider use of laser desorption, including selective examination of mixtures for particular types of compounds, as well as detailed structural studies on individual substances.
Two-partner Secretion of Gram-negative Bacteria (2011)

The mechanisms of protein secretion by pathogenic bacteria remain poorly understood. In gram-negative bacteria, the two-partner secretion pathway exports large, mostly virulence-related "TpsA" proteins across the outer membrane via their dedicated "TpsB" transporters. TpsB transporters belong to the ubiquitous Omp85 superfamily, whose members are involved in protein translocation across, or integration into, cellular membranes. The filamentous hemagglutinin/FhaC pair of Bordetella pertussis is a model two-partner secretion system. We have reconstituted the TpsB transporter FhaC into proteoliposomes and demonstrate that FhaC is the sole outer membrane protein required for translocation of its cognate TpsA protein. This is the first in vitro system for analyzing protein secretion across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Our data also provide clear evidence for the protein translocation function of Omp85 transporters.
Cellular Array for Extraction of Squares and Square Roots of Binary Numbers (1972)

A cellular array is described that is capable of extracting either the square or the square root of a binary number. The mode of operation is controlled by a single-mode input line. The array is iterative in its connection pattern and is therefore suitable for large-scale integrated (LSI) implementation. Approximate time-delay expressions are derived, which show that the delays for square or square-root extraction are comparable to the, delay of published array networks.
The in vitro inhibitory effect of flavonoid astilbin on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase on Vero cells. (2001)

This study shows that one flavonoid compound, isolated from traditional medicinal herbs, may be an effective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which might be developed into a new hypocholesterolemic agent.
Self-adaptive software for signal processing (1998)

Digital signal processing systems are widely used in communication, medical, sonar, radar, equipment health monitoring and many other applications. Frequently, the signal processing system has to meet real-time requirements and provide very large throughput. For example, modern automatic target recognition systems operate with a processing throughput in excess of 10GFLOPS per second. In realtime vibration analysis used for turbine engine testing [1], the aggregate sustained computation rate is also in the GFLOPS range. The high performance requires the use of computing platforms that include the combination of dedicated hardware processors and general-purpose computers, forming a hybrid parallel/distributed configuration. Algorithm complexity, heterogeneity of the computing environment, and real-time operation make the software development for digital signal processing difficult and expensive.
Fish oil and indomethacin in combination potently reduce dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in LDLR −/− mice (2012)

Fish oil (FO) is a potent anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering agent. Because inflammation can modulate lipid metabolism and vice versa, we hypothesized that combining FO with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXIBs), well-known anti-inflammatory drugs, can enhance the anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effect of FO. LDLR(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 6% olive oil or FO for 12 wk in the presence or absence of indomethacin (Indo, 6 mg/l drinking water). FO reduced plasma total cholesterol by 30% but, in combination with Indo, exerted a greater decrease (44%). The reduction of liver cholesterol ester (CE) and triglycerides (TG) by FO (63% and 41%, respectively) was enhanced by Indo (80% in CE and 64% in TG). FO + Indo greatly increased the expression of genes modulating lipid metabolism and reduced the expression of inflammatory genes compared with control. The mRNA and/or protein expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and cytochrome P450 isoforms that alter inflammation and/or lipid metabolism are increased to a greater extent in mice that received FO + Indo. Moroever, the nuclear level of PXR is significantly increased in FO + Indo group. Combining FO with COXIBs may exert their beneficial effects on inflammation and lipid metabolism via PXR and cytochrome P450.
Video Stream Retrieval of Unseen Queries using Semantic Memory (2016)

Retrieval of live, user-broadcast video streams is an under-addressed and increasingly relevant challenge. The on-line nature of the problem requires temporal evaluation and the unforeseeable scope of potential queries motivates an approach which can accommodate arbitrary search queries. To account for the breadth of possible queries, we adopt a no-example approach to query retrieval, which uses a query's semantic relatedness to pre-trained concept classifiers. To adapt to shifting video content, we propose memory pooling and memory welling methods that favor recent information over long past content. We identify two stream retrieval tasks, instantaneous retrieval at any particular time and continuous retrieval over a prolonged duration, and propose means for evaluating them. Three large scale video datasets are adapted to the challenge of stream retrieval. We report results for our search methods on the new stream retrieval tasks, as well as demonstrate their efficacy in a traditional, non-streaming video task.
Solid‐phase Total Synthesis of (−)‐Apratoxin A and Its Analogues and Their Biological Evaluation (2010)

Two approaches for the solid-phase total synthesis of apratoxin A and its derivatives were accomplished. In synthetic route A, the peptide was prepared by the sequential coupling of the corresponding amino acids on trityl chloride SynPhase Lanterns. After cleavage from the polymer-support, macrolactamization of 10, followed by thiazoline formation, provided apratoxin A. This approach, however, resulted in low yield because the chemoselectivity was not sufficient for the formation of the thiazoline ring though its analogue 33 was obtained. However, in synthetic route B, a cyclization precursor was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis by using amino acids 13-15 and 18. The final macrolactamization was performed in solution to provide apratoxin A in high overall yield. This method was then successfully applied to the synthesis of apratoxin analogues. The cytotoxic activity of the synthetic derivatives was then evaluated. The epimer 34 was as potent as apratoxin A, and O-methyl tyrosine can be replaced by 7-azidoheptyl tyrosine without loss of activity. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 38 with phenylacetylene was performed in the presence of a copper catalyst without affecting the thiazoline ring.