gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding seismic thin-bed responses using frequency decomposition and RGB blending (2012)

RGB colour blending is a powerful technique of co-visualization of different band-limited magnitude volumes created by frequency decomposition. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of changes in geometry and acoustic impedance on what we observe in a blend of frequency magnitude volumes, and to examine how sensitive different methods of frequency decomposition are to these variations. We present a comparison of frequency decomposition methods applied to the Hermod Member submarine fan system, a well understood fan system from the Northern North Sea, and to simple synthetic models. Observations made from RGB imaging are compared to equivalent results from synthetic models created using well measurements and systematic variations in reservoir parameters. We show that thickness variations between events are the dominant factor controlling RGB colour response and that subtle lithological changes, presented as differences in acoustic impedance, are a second order effect. Furthermore, when the source frequency and decomposition bands of a synthetic wedge model are matched to a real dataset, we can relate colour values directly to thicknesses. In doing so we extend the classical tuning wedge for use as a calibration tool for frequency decomposition colour blends.
Functional Linkage between Genes That Regulate Osmotic Stress Responses and Multidrug Resistance Transporters: Challenges and Opportunities for Antibiotic Discovery (2013)

All cells need to protect themselves against the osmotic challenges of their environment by maintaining low permeability to ions across their cell membranes. This is a basic principle of cellular function, which is reflected in the interactions among ion transport and drug efflux genes that have arisen during cellular evolution. Thus, upon exposure to pore-forming antibiotics such as amphotericin B (AmB) or daptomycin (Dap), sensitive cells overexpress common resistance genes to protect themselves from added osmotic challenges. These genes share pathway interactions with the various types of multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter genes, which both preserve the native lipid membrane composition and at the same time eliminate disruptive hydrophobic molecules that partition excessively within the lipid bilayer. An increased understanding of the relationships between the genes (and their products) that regulate osmotic stress responses and MDR transporters will help to identify novel strategies and targets to overcome the current stalemate in drug discovery.
Energy conservation in multi-tenant networks through power virtualization (2010)

In the service-centric Internet, multiple virtual services (tenants) are overlayed on top of the same infrastructure (both in wide-area networks and in datacenter networks). We propose conserving energy, in this setting, by virtualizing network power consumed by each tenant, feeding back that information to the tenant, and incentivizing the tenant to conserve energy by making their bill proportional to this virtual power. However, virtualizing power in these multitenant networks is tricky since the network is not energy-proportional, i.e., the energy consumption and its monetary expenditure do not reduce with a decrease in load per component. We overcome this limitation by proposing a simple heuristic for billing, that further motivates tenants to align their workload in a manner conducive to optimization by the infrastructure provider.
Removal of heavy metal ions using polydithiocarbamate resin supported on polystyrene (2004)

Polydithiocarbamate chelating resin supported on XAD-2 type polystyrene was synthesised by emulsion polymerisation of styrene and its subsequent reaction with carbondisulphide in alkaline medium. The polydithiocarbamate resin was characterised by elemental analysis, thermal studies and IR studies. The sorbent was evaluated for its analytical characteristics and the optimum sorption conditions for metals like Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, As and Mn were determined in order to assess the efficiency of the resin. The sorption capacity was considerably higher when compared to other conventional chelating polymers. The sorption kinetics was fairly rapid as apparent from the loading t 1 / 2 values, indicating a better accessibility of the chelating sites.
Demonstration of a new type of immunoglobulin G receptor in Streptococcus zooepidemicus strains (1980)

Forty-seven bacterial strains representing four different group C streptococcal species were tested for binding of human and bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses. Specific binding sites for IgG were found in all bacterial species studied. The four species included differed, however, in their capacities to interact with various IgG subclasses, indicating the existence of different types of IgG receptors. Streptococcus equisimilis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae were found to carry the same type of IgG receptor, one that is identical to the previously described Fc-binding structure type III. A new type of bacterial IgG receptor was detected in Streptococcus zooepidemicus strains. This receptor exhibits a protein A-like subclass specificity, with binding of human IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 and of bovine IgG2. However, differences in their capacities to interact with other non-human immunoglobulins indicated that these two immunoglobulin-reactive structures were different. All types of IgG receptors in group C streptococci were found to be heat stable but susceptible to proteolytic enzymes. The inability of human serum albumin or fibrinogen to inhibit the uptake of radiolabeled IgG shows that the IgG receptor is separate from binding sites for these two other proteins on the bacterial cell surface. The existence of similar IgG receptors in closely related streptococcal species suggests that these structures have a common origin.
Composite membranes for fuel‐cell applications (1992)

Abstract One of the major obstacles to overcome for the realization of economical hydrogen‐oxygen, polymer‐electrolyte fuel cells is the high capital cost of the inert perfluorosulfonic acid (PSA) membranes, which provide a pathway for ionic transport between the cell electrodes. It has recently been shown that composite polymer membranes can be synthesized by depositing PSA polymers onto porous poly(tetrafluoroethyene) (PTFE) substrates. The resulting membranes are mechanically durable and quite thin relative to traditional PSA membranes; we expect the composite membranes to be of low resistance and cost. In this experimental study, we examine the composite membrane properties as a function of the membrane composition. Our results allow us to form a conceptual model to explain both the equilibrium and transport characteristics of these materials. For high PSA contents, the membrane behavior is similar to that of the PSA polymer; the water permeability, however, is reduced significantly. For intermediate PSA contents, the membranes have a high porosity and match the thickness of the PTFE substrate (≈50 μm); membranes of this composition range are potentially useful candidates for fuel cells because of their high resistance to water transport and reduced ionic resistance. Composite membranes of very low PSA content demonstrate characteristics similar to the hydrophobic PTFE substrate and are not of interest for fuel cells.
Research for the application and safety of MD5 algorithm in password authentication (2012)

MD5 algorithm takes an important position in the application of password authentication. This essay analyses the security features of the passport authentication and the methods of application safety improvement of MD5 algorithm in password authentication, on the basis of which, it focuses on the methods of the application safety improvement of MD5 in the passport authentication by switching or interfering with the treatment process of MD5.
The use of sorbitol-MacConkey agar in conjunction with a specific antiserum for the detection of Vero cytotoxin-producing strains of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O 157 (1988)

Using DNA probes specific for the genes encoding Vero cytotoxins 1 and 2 in hybridization experiments on faecal samples, Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) of serogroup O 157 were detected in 21 of 63 cases of haemorrhagic colitis, 9 of 31 cases of non-bloody diarrhoea and 14 of 68 cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Compared with these results sorbitol-MacConkey agar in conjunction with a specific O 157 antiserum gave a sensitivity of 62% in haemorrhagic colitis, 56% in non-bloody diarrhoea and 57% in haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The specificity of this method was 100% in all three groups. This demonstrates that sorbitol-MacConkey agar is a useful screening method for the detection of VTEC of serogroup O 157 when used in conjunction with a specific homologous antiserum. However, this method does not detect VTEC belonging to other serogroups and such strains were found, particularly in cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
Postprandial lipid and hormone responses to meals of varying fat contents: modulatory role of lipoprotein lipase? (1995)

The results suggest that glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide may mediate increased lipoprotein lipase activity in response to fat-containing meals and may play a role in circulating lipoprotein homeostasis. This mechanism may be overloaded with high fat meals with adverse consequences on circulating triacylglycerol and NEFA concentrations.
Quasiparticle Tunneling in the Fractional Quantum Hall State at \nu = 5/2 (2008)

Theory predicts that quasiparticle tunneling between the counter-propagating edges in a fractional quantum Hall state can be used to measure the effective quasiparticle charge e* and dimensionless interaction parameter g, and thereby characterize the many-body wavefunction describing the state. We report measurements of quasiparticle tunneling in a high mobility GaAs two dimensional electron system in the fractional quantum Hall state at nu=5/2 using a gate-defined constriction to bring the edges close together. We find the dc-bias peaks in the tunneling conductance at different temperatures collapse onto a single curve when scaled, in agreement with weak tunneling theory. Various models for the \nu=5/2 state predict different values for g. Among these models, the non-abelian states with e*=1/4 and g=1/2 are most consistent with the data.
Thermal stability and intersubunit interactions of cholera toxin in solution and in association with its cell-surface receptor ganglioside GM1 (1988)

The thermal stability of cholera toxin free in solution and in association with its cell-surface receptor ganglioside GM1 has been studied by using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and differential solubility thermal gel analysis. In the absence of ganglioside GM1, cholera toxin undergoes two distinct thermally induced transitions centered at 51 and 74 degrees C, respectively. The low-temperature transition has been assigned to the irreversible thermal denaturation of the active A subunit. The second transition has been assigned to the reversible unfolding of the B subunit pentamer. The isolated B subunit pentamer exhibits a single transition also centered at 74 degrees C, suggesting that the attachment of the A subunit does not contribute to the stability of the pentamer. In the intact toxin, the A subunit dissociates from the B subunit pentamer at a temperature that coincides with the onset of the B subunit thermal unfolding. In aqueous solution, the denatured A subunit precipitates after dissociation from the B subunit pentamer. This phenomenon can be detected calorimetrically by the appearance of an exothermic heat effect. In the presence of ganglioside GM1, the B subunit is greatly stabilized as indicated by an increase of 20 degrees C in the transition temperature. In addition, ganglioside GM1 greatly enhances the cooperative interactions between B subunits. In the absence of ganglioside, each monomer within the B pentamer unfolds in an independent fashion whereas the fully ganglioside-bound pentamer behaves as a single cooperative unit. On the contrary, the thermotropic behavior of the A subunit is only slightly affected by the presence of increasing concentrations of ganglioside GM1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Microwave Oven in Temporal Bone Research (1992)

The microwave oven has recently been introduced in morphological research. It can be used for virtually all procedures in histological processing; fixation, dehydration, embedding, staining, immunotechniques, and the techniques used for electron microscopy. Here we report that the microwave oven histoprocedures also have several advantages in temporal bone research on animals. The microwave oven has been tested for (i) fixation, (ii) decalcification, (ii) staining of semithin plastic sections. The microwave oven procedures are time-saving and results in an excellent preservation of the tissues. The microwave histoprocessing should also be applicable to temporal bone research in human.
Impact of Non-idealities on the Performance of InAs/(In)GaAsSb/GaSb Tunnel FETs (2018)

Measured InGaAsSb/InAs nanowire TFETs showing both, sub-60mV/dec slope and high ON-current, are simulated using calibrated TCAD. The focus is laid on the impact of non-idealities, such as hetero-interface traps, oxideinterface traps, and bulk traps on device characteristics. Simulated temperature-dependent transfer curves are in good agreement with the measured data which validates the simulation set-up. It is found that trap-assisted tunneling involving bulk traps adjacent to the hetero-junction is primarily responsible for the degradation of the swing. Due to the small diameter of the nanowire, trap-assisted tunneling is inhibited at the InAs/oxide interface. Still, oxide interface traps reduce the electrostatic coupling between gate and channel, which further increases the swing. The TCAD analysis correctly predicts the negative transconductance observed at high gate bias. If the same simulation set-up is used to study the effect of gate alignment, a significant improvement of both ON-current and swing is found.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Latent Alkylating Agents Activated by Glutathione <i>S</i>-Transferase (1996)

In search of compounds with improved specificity for targeting the important cancer-associated P1-1 glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozyme, new analogs 4 and 5 of the previously reported glutathione S-transferase (GST)-activated latent alkylating agent gamma-glutamyl-alpha-amino-beta-[[[2-[[bis[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]ph osp horyl]oxy]ethyl]sulfonyl]propionyl]-(R)-(-)-phenylglycine (3) have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated. One of the diastereomers of 4 exhibited good selectivity for GST P1-1. The tetrabromo analog 5 of the tetrachloro compound 3 maintained its specificity and was found to be more readily activated by GSTs than 3. The GST activation concept was further broadened through design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel latent urethane mustard 8 and its diethyl ester 9. Interestingly, 8 showed very good specificity for P1-1 GST. Cell culture studies were carried out on 4, 5, 8, and 9 using cell lines engineered to have varying levels of GST P1-1 isozyme. New analogs 4 and 5 exhibited increased toxicity to cell lines with overexpressed GST P1-1 isozyme. The urethane mustard 8 and its diethyl ester 9 were found to be not as toxic. However, they too exhibited more toxicity to a cell line engineered to have elevated P1-1 levels, which was in agreement with the observed in vitro specificity of 8 for P1-1 GST isozyme. Mechanistic studies on alkaline as well as enzyme-catalyzed decomposition of latent mustard 3 provided experimental proof for the hypothesis that 3 breaks down into an active phosphoramidate mustard and a reactive vinyl sulfone. The alkylating nature of the decomposition products was further demonstrated by trapping those transient species as relatively stable diethyldithiocarbamic acid adducts. These results substantially extend previous efforts to develop drugs targeting GST and provide a paradigm for development of other latent drugs.
The Search for a Section 1983 Right Under the Dormant Commerce Clause (1991)

Since its inception in 1871, and characterization in the Supreme Court case of Monroe v. Pape, 42 U.S.C. § 1983 has caused turmoil among commentators concerned with this statute's application in the area of constitutional rights.
New reagents for increasing ESI multiple charging of proteins and protein complexes (2009)

The addition of m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA) was shown previously (Lomeli et al., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 20, 593-596) to enhance multiple charging of native proteins and noncovalent protein complexes in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra. Additional new reagents have been found to "supercharge" proteins from nondenaturing solutions; several of these reagents are shown to be more effective than m-NBA for increasing positive charging. Using the myoglobin protein-protoporphyrin IX (heme) complex, the following reagents were shown to increase ESI charging: benzyl alcohol, m-nitroacetophenone, m-nitrobenzonitrile, o-NBA, m-NBA, p-NBA, m-nitrophenyl ethanol, sulfolane (tetramethylene sulfone), and m-(trifluoromethyl)-benzyl alcohol. Based on average charge state, sulfolane displayed a greater charge increase (61%) than m-NBA (21%) for myoglobin in aqueous solutions. The reagents that promote higher ESI charging appear to have low solution-phase basicities and relatively low gas-phase basicities, and are less volatile than water. Another feature of mass spectra from some of the active reagents is that adducts are present on higher charge states, suggesting that a mechanism by which proteins acquire additional charge involves direct interaction with the reagent, in addition to other factors such as surface tension and protein denaturation.
Photoconversion Mechanism of the Second GAF Domain of Cyanobacteriochrome AnPixJ and the Cofactor Structure of Its Green-Absorbing State (2013)

Cyanobacteriochromes are members of the phytochrome superfamily. In contrast to classical phytochromes, these small photosensors display a considerable variability of electronic absorption maxima. We have studied the light-induced conversions of the second GAF domain of AnPixJ, AnPixJg2, a phycocyanobilin-binding protein from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120, using low-temperature resonance Raman spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations. AnPixJg2 is formed biosynthetically as a red-absorbing form (Pr) and can be photoconverted into a green-absorbing form (Pg). Forward and backward phototransformations involve the same reaction sequences and intermediates of similar cofactor structures as the corresponding processes in canonical phytochromes, including a transient cofactor deprotonation. Whereas the cofactor of the Pr state shows far-reaching similarities to the Pr states of classical phytochromes, the Pg form displays significant upshifts of the methine bridge stretching frequencies concomitant to the hypsochromically shifted absorption maximum. However, the cofactor in Pg is protonated and adopts a conformation very similar to the Pfr state of classical phytochromes. The spectral differences are probably related to an increased solvent accessibility of the chromophore which may reduce the π-electron delocalization in the phycocyanobilin and thus raise the energies of the first electronic transition and the methine bridge stretching modes. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the Z → E photoisomerization of the chromophore at the C-D methine bridge alters the interactions with the nearby Trp90 which in turn may act as a gate, allowing the influx of water molecules into the chromophore pocket. Such a mechanism of color tuning AnPixJg2 is unique among the cyanobacteriochromes studied so far.
Contributors, July, 1968 (1968)

Contains an entry for each author and coauthor included in this issue of the publication.
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology of Yeast and Fungal Catalases (1997)

Catalases appear to be an important part of the system that virtually all cells growing under aerobic conditions possess for their defense against oxidative stress. There is little hard evidence from all types of organisms to support this statement. Whether these enzymes in vivo act as true catalases, or in a way that is not yet completely understood, has not been clarified. Which type of organism should be chosen to study catalases? It should be a system that can be studied well using different approaches. Obviously, this organism should contain catalases in reasonably high amounts; preferably, these amounts should be variable and should depend on physiological conditions. Furthermore, studies on this organism would be more attractive if its catalase content had some practical importance; e.g., in biotechnology or agriculture. This could be used as an argument for studying catalases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or of other yeasts. Indeed, the catalases of these organisms have been investigated fairly extensively for this and other reasons. A reasonable amount of information has accumulated and is reviewed here, with particular emphasis on S. cerevisiae. STRUCTURE AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF YEAST AND FUNGAL CATALASES Generally, catalases of microorganisms are a more diverse group of enzymes than those from animals and plants. Nevertheless, in yeasts and fungi almost exclusively heme-containing catalases are found. No manganese catalases have been reported, but two catalase-peroxidases from Septoria tritici and Penicillium simplicissimum are known, so far the sole eukaryotic members of this subtype. Only a handful of these catalases have been investigated...
On-Line, Gyro-Based, Mass-Property Identification for Thruster-Controlled Spacecraft Using Recursive Least Squares (2002)

Spacecraft control, state estimation, and fault-detection-andisolation systems are affected by unknown variations in the vehicle mass properties. It is often difficult to accurately measure inertia terms on the ground, and mass properties can change on-orbit as fuel is expended, the configuration changes, or payloads are added or removed. Recursive least squares-based algorithms that use gyro signals to identify the center of mass and inverse inertia matrix are presented. They are applied in simulation to 3 thruster-controlled vehicles: the X-38 and Mini-AERCam under development at NASA-JSC, and the S4, an air-bearing spacecraft simulator at the NASA-Ames Smart Systems Research Lab (SSRL). 1.
Cross talk among Notch3, pre-TCR, and Tal1 in T-cell development and leukemogenesis (2005)

Integrated pathways are believed to determine hematopoietic cell fate and/or neoplastic transformation. Notch signaling has been shown to regulate T-cell differentiation and leukemogenesis. However, specific target genes and molecular partners are not fully elucidated. We show that Notch3 activation sustains aberrant SCL/Tal1 overexpression and phosphorylation in mature thymocytes. Furthermore, we define the role of SCL/Tal1 as a component of an activator complex, including phosphorylated Tal1 and Sp1, that specifically enhances cyclin D1 expression and demonstrate that Tal1/Sp1 specifically co-occupy the D1 promoter in vivo, only in the presence of pre-T-cell receptor (TCR). We therefore conclude not only that cyclin D1 is a target of the Tal1/Sp1 complex, but also that Notch3-dependent activation of pre-TCR/ERK signaling regulates SCL/Tal1 function.