gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser Marking System</title> (1980)

A Nd:YAG laser-based microprocessor-controlled marking system has been developed for commercial use. It can mark a variety of metallic, semiconductor, plastic, and coated materials with letters, numbers, special symbols, and company logos. The alpha-numeric information is presented in a standard 5 by 7 dot matrix format, with continuously adjustable character height up to 7 mm. Programming features of the control system allow for either automatic or manual serializing, editing of messages during laser marking, "reverse-video" marking, among others. Depending upon the marked material or the required marking rate, either a CW pumped Q-Switched laser or a flash-pumped pulsed laser is used. Examples of marked materials are shown.
Polymeric phthalocyanines and their precursors, 16. A structure model for polymeric phthalocyanines (1989)

Abstract A model for describing the structural features such as degree of polymerization, size, and shape of polymeric phthalocyanines 2, 4, 6 is described. Analytical methods such as IR, titration of carboxylic end groups, and elemental analysis are used in the structure investigation. The results demonstrate that for polymeric phthalocyanines 2 with cyano end groups, prepared from 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarbonitrile ( 1 ), the number of macrocycles ( n ) in the polymer is not higher than 7–9, and that linear polymers as well as polymers with two rows are possible. Polymers 6 , prepared from bridged diphthalonitriles 5 , are considerably larger showing a more two‐dimensional structure. For polymeric phthalocyanines 4 with carboxylic end groups, prepared from 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives 3 , a linear structure with n = 4–9 is favoured. Literature results are examined in the light of the described model.
Quantum toy model for black-hole backreaction (2007)

We propose a simple quantum field theoretical toy model for black-hole evaporation and study the backreaction of Hawking radiation onto the classical background. It turns out that the horizon is also ``pushed back'' in this situation (i.e., the interior region shrinks) though this backreaction is not caused by energy conservation but by momentum balance. The effective heat capacity and induced entropy variation can have both signs---depending on the parameters of the model.
High-quality subchannel for wireless ATM transmission (2002)

We propose a new, highly efficient transmission method based on a multidimensional, dual-level coded modulation technique for wireless asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. The first level is coded with a repetition code, the second level with a convolutional code of rate k/n. By employing unequal error protection (UEP), two different channel qualities are provided: a main channel, or the second level, for the ATM payload, and a subchannel, or the first level, for the ATM header. Combining this method with a spread spectrum code division multiple access (SS-CDMA) system provides good performance for degraded channel-quality mobile communication environments. A Viterbi decoder (R=1/2, K=7) accomplished maximum likelihood decoding and the transmission was judged by its bit-error-rate (BER) performance. The BER for the subchannel was reduced by a factor of one thousand (compared to the main channel) at a very low signal-to-noise ratio, when the forward-error-correcting code (FEC) is less effective.
MWD Field Use and Results in the Gulf of Mexico (1982)

ABSTRACT Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) is an important new technology for transmitting data from the bottom of a borehole to the surface without a wireline. The biggest application now is for directional drilling where MWD virtually eliminates downtime for directional surveys. The Teleco MWD system is the first to be used extensively in the Gulf of Mexico. In this paper we discuss our field experience in the Gulf of Mexico and the methods and standards that evolved with the introduction of this new technology. We also present an analysis of direct time savings based on data from 31 MWD-surveyed and 31 conventionally-surveyed wells and we use case examples to illustrate other benefits of the MWD system.
Superplasticity in silicon nitride whisker reinforced 2124 aluminum alloy composite. (1989)

β type-Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) whiskers were mixed in organic solvent uniformly with 2124 aluminum alloy powder and fabricated into β-Si3N4 whisker reinforced aluminum composite (Vf=0.20) by hot pressing in vacuum, re-forging, and hot extrusion. Relationship between mechanical properties of the composite and strain rate at 525°C was investigated. Flow stress increases remarkably with increasing strain rate in the case of the strain rate more than 0.05s-1, where the m-value is 0.5. This is the case of superplastic deformation. Total elongation of the composite reaches 200-250% at the strain rate of 0.17s-1. Whiskers are still dispersed homogeneously in matrix after superplastic deformation. Although voids form at the interface between matrix and whisker or precipitates, the fracture surface of the composite at the strain rate of 0.17s-1 is covered by many dimples.
The Cellular Thermal Shift Assay: A Novel Biophysical Assay for In Situ Drug Target Engagement and Mechanistic Biomarker Studies (2015)

A drug must engage its intended target to achieve its therapeutic effect. However, conclusively measuring target engagement (TE) in situ is challenging. This complicates preclinical development and is considered a key factor in the high rate of attrition in clinical trials. Here, we discuss a recently developed, label-free, biophysical assay, the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), which facilitates the direct assessment of TE in cells and tissues at various stages of drug development. CETSA also reveals biochemical events downstream of drug binding and therefore provides a promising means of establishing mechanistic biomarkers. The implementation of proteome-wide CETSA using quantitative mass spectrometry represents a novel strategy for defining off-target toxicity and polypharmacology and for identifying downstream mechanistic biomarkers. The first year of CETSA applications in the literature has focused on TE studies in cell culture systems and has confirmed the broad applicability of CETSA to many different target families. The next phase of CETSA applications will likely encompass comprehensive animal and patient studies, and CETSA will likely serve as a very valuable tool in many stages of preclinical and clinical drug development.
Stability of quinoa flour proteins (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.) during storage (2009)

Summary The amino acid composition and the physicochemical and functional properties of quinoa flour proteins (QFP) were evaluated during storage (at 20, 30 and 40 °C). Quinoa flour showed a protein content of 14.2 ± 0.1 g 100 g −1 and high levels of essential amino acids as lysine. SDS–PAGE of the QFP presented ten major band, and native‐PAGE of the QFP showed similar banding; there was a little variation due to time‐temperature. TCA‐protein solubility variation (%) was small and the values of water activity were low, a non‐significant endogenous hydrolysis was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry flour analysis allowed determining two endotherms, starch and protein. Important structural changes of protein soluble fractions were not detected by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy due to temperature and time of storage. It was found during storage time loss of protein solubility and water absorption. These changes could be to influence in the manufacture of quinoa flour based products. For avoid changes in these functional properties (solubility and water holding capacity), quinoa flour can be stored at ambient temperature (between 20 and 30 °C) and packed in double kraft paper bags (2 months).
Borrowing Hydrogen: A Catalytic Route to C—C Bond Formation from Alcohols. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Incoherent Hybrid Spectral Polarization and Amplitude Coding Implemented with Specified Orthogonal Ternary Code over Balanced Photo-Detectors (2006)

An improved hybrid spectral polarization and amplitude coding (hybrid SPC/SAC) scheme is presented with specified orthogonal ternary sequence. In the previous spectral polarization (SPC) scheme, the entire wavelength is assigned as vertical or horizontal state of polarization (SOP), respectively. In current study, we assign positive (+), negative (-), and nothing chip (0) value on individual wavelengths allocation to realize the specified orthogonal ternary sequence which transformed from original bipolar Walsh-Hadamard matrix. The motivation of this manner is to reduce the phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) resulting from the wavelengths collision on photo-detector. It is shown that wavelength collision can be decreased and PIIN noise is also reduced at photo-detector. Neglecting the effects of shot noise and thermal noise, and considering only phase-induced intensity-noise with a degree of polarization setting of P=0 for the ideal case, the bit error rate versus the number of simultaneous active users is approximately improved by 40% and 100% compared to the previous spectral polarization coding and complementary spectral amplitude coding (SAC) for a 10/sup -9/ error probability, respectively.
Verification of Deep Foundations by NDT Methods (1993)

Deep foundations are designed using static analysis techniques and the soil strength and structural integrity are then confirmed by static load tests. However, static tests are time consuming and expensive. Lower cost alternative dynamic tests include high strain testing with large drop weights to estimate soil strength, and low strain testing with small hand held hammers to evaluate integrity. The authors were requested to demonstrate applicability and reliability of dynamic testing on specially constructed drilled shafts. Only after submitting dynamic results were the as built shapes and static test results revealed, making this a true Class A prediction event.
RADARSAT-2 System and Mode Description (2006)

The Canadian RADARSAT-2 satellite, due for launch in Fall 2006 carries a commercial synthetic aperture radar system that extends the capabilities of RADARSAT-1 in several ways. All RADARSAT-1 modes have been retained, a fully polarimetric SAR mode has been added, a single polarization 3 m (ground range) mode has been added, for two channel operation either H or V transmit polarization can be selected, an experimental Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) mode has been added, and the radar can look either side of the satellite track. The imaging modes of RADARSAT-2, like those of RADARSAT-1 promise to have significant military utility for situational awareness and change detection applications. For RADARSAT-2 the ability to detect and monitor features of interest will be enhanced by polarization diversity, polarimetric imaging capability, the high-resolution mode and the ability to look to either side of the satellite track. The experimental GMTI mode has been implemented through collaboration between the Department of National Defence (DND), the Canadian Space Agency, and the satellite builder, Macdonald Dettwiler and Associates. Because of the orbit and resulting revisit rate, this mode is not expected to provide a significant operational capability for military use in its current implementation on RADARSAT-2. It is expected to provide information on the performance of future space-based GMTI sensors for operational military use and is expected to be an important tool for the development of concepts of operation for space-based GMTI measurements. This paper outlines the technical properties of RADARSAT-2 and its operating modes. The experimental GMTI mode and associated data processing is briefly discussed.
The billion dollar U-turn. (2008)

There are a variety of reasons patients sometimes return to the hospital shortly after discharge. But readmissions are costly to payers and hard on patients, and hospitals are feeling intense heat to fix the problem. They're trying a number of tactics, including more precise and pointed discharge planning and calling patients at home to make sure they're doing as they've been told.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Certain Reversible Diseases of the Kidney (1949)

Among the diseases of the kidney, acute glomerulonephritis, albuminuric nephrosis, and so-called lower nephron nephrosis might be considered as conditions in which the renal decompensation is reversible.Acute glomerulonephritis is truly an acute disease.It is one in which there appears to be a systemic reaction to a toxin produced by a current or a preceding hemolytic streptococcus infection with the kidney as the focus of such reaction.The symptoms and findings in a patient with a relatively severe acute glomerulonephritis are fairly clear and even distinctive.The first sign which a patient may notice is the sudden appearance of dark, cloudy urine.If one analyzes such a specimen, he finds the reasons for its peculiar quality.There are suspended within it large numbers of red cells and casts.If the urine is acid, the acid hematin from degenerated erythrocytes produces a dark, coffee color.Albuminuria is present, but the quantity of albumin may be relatively small as compared with the large number of cells.One might assume that the relative relationship between cells and albumin in the urine approximates the relationship of cells to albumin in the blood.
Molecular virology and control of flaviviruses (2012)

Total Add carriage per copy: UK £5; USA $5.85; Rest of World please call Order from: • ISBS, Inc., 920 NE 58th Avenue, Suite 300, Portland, OR 97213-3786, USA Tel: 503 287-3093; Fax: 503 280-8832 http://usa.caister.com • Book Systems Plus, 1st Floor, 8 Hill Street, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1JD, UK Tel: 01223 894870; Fax: 01223 894871 http://uk.caister.com further details at: www.horizonpress.com/flaviviruses Molecular Virology and Control of Flaviviruses
Bromodomain Inhibition in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma—Giving MYC a Brake (2014)

Bromodomains are conserved protein regions that function as epigenetic readers by recognizing specific histone modifications. The common association of bromodomains with enhancer and super-enhancer regions in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma contributes to its pathogenesis. Bromodomain inhibition reduces tumor growth largely through the disruption of transcriptional networks driven by oncogenic MYC.
Tuning ionic liquids for hydrate inhibition (2011)

Pyrrolidinium cation-based ionic liquids were synthesized, and their inhibition effects on methane hydrate formation were investigated. It was found that the ionic liquids shifted the hydrate equilibrium line to a lower temperature at a specific pressure, while simultaneously delaying gas hydrate formation.
Decreased myo-inositol to chiro-inositol (M/C) ratios and increased M/C epimerase activity in PCOS theca cells demonstrate increased insulin sensitivity compared to controls (2013)

Previous studies from our and other labs have shown that insulin resistance is associated with an inositol imbalance of excess myo-inositol and deficient chiro-inositol together with a deficiency of myo-inositol to chiro-inositol epimerase in vivo and in vitro. In this report, we utilized well characterized theca cells from normal cycling women, with normal insulin sensitivity, and theca cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with increased insulin sensitivity to examine the myo-inositol to chiro-inisitol (M/C) ratio and the myo-inositol to chiro-inositol epimerase activity. PCOS theca cells with increased insulin sensitivity were specifically used to investigate whether the inositol imbalance and myo-inositol to chiro-inositol epimerase are regulated in a similar or the opposite direction than that observed in insulin resistant cells. The results of these studies are the first to demonstrate that in insulin sensitive PCOS theca cells the inositol imbalance goes in the opposite direction to that observed in insulin resistant cells, and there is a decreased M/C ratio and an increased myo-inositol to chiro-inositol epimerase activity. Further biochemical and genetic studies will probe the mechanisms involved.
Pain on Injection of Propofol (1993)

The effect of applying nitroglycerin or placebo ointment to the back of the hand before venipuncture and injection of propofol was investigated in 60 ASA physical status I unpremedicated women. Eighteen patients (67%) pretreated with nitroglycerin experienced no pain compared with 10 (33%) in the placebo group. Eleven in the placebo group experienced moderate or severe pain during injection compared with only one in the active group. The time of onset of pain in more than half the subjects occurred 10 s or longer after commencement of injection, and, in more than half the patients, the site at which pain was felt was above the injection site (with three subjects experiencing it in the shoulder). No patient had a headache or experienced postural hypotension. We conclude that nitroglycerin ointment applied to the back of the hand before injection reduces the incidence of painful injection with propofol.
Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammation Activity of Fractions from Aster glehni Fr. Schm. (2010)

The Plants and their extracts containing polyphenol have been shown to be associated with decreased the cause of aging and variety of disease such as reaction oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in several recent studies. We conducted to investigate whether the extracts and fractionation isolated from Aster glehni Fr. Schm. has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation. The Aster glehni Fr. Schm. 70% aq. MeOH was fractioned according to polarity with n-hexane layer, EtOAc layer, n-BuOH layer and water layer. The electron donating ability of EtOAc, n-BuOH solvent fraction from Aster glehni Fr. Schm. was about 58.0%, 46.4% at , respectively. The superoxide anion radical inhibitory effect of EtOAc extracts was about 64.65% at , and n-BuOH extracts was 35.66% at . EtOAc layer to the inhibition activity of hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase were inhibited about 24.37%, 29.5% at . In the anti-inflammation effect of EtOAc layer inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. also, these results showed that EtOAc extract inhibited 81.5% at on the expressions of iNOS protein in Raw264.7 cell line.
Electro-optic total internal reflection modulation (1988)

We report the first observation, to our knowledge, of the electro-optic effect in total internal reflection. Light from a He-Ne laser is incident through a high-index prism upon a KDP crystal to which a pulsed electric field is applied through coated-surface electrodes. At the critical angle for total internal reflection, a narrow resonance in the modulated reflected light is observed. This effect is well described by solving the standard boundary-value problem of nonlinear optics.
Technical Development on Partial Discharge Measurement and Electrical Insulation Techniques for Low Voltage Motors Driven by Voltage Inverters (2007)

This paper reviews the up-to-date research activities on electrical insulation techniques under repetitive surge voltages with steep wavefront for low voltage inverter-fed motors. Partial discharge (PD) inception, propagation, ageing and breakdown characteristics of magnet wires, including recently developed PD-resistant wires such as nanocomposite enameled wires, are described. PD measurement techniques under the steep-front voltages and IEC activity toward their standardization are also introduced.
Interpretation of Flowing Well Response in Gas-Condensate Wells (1988)

Summary A fully implicit compositional model is used to simulate the well response in a gas-condensate system. The objective of this work is to examine the flowing well response in a condensate reservoir and to examine the effect of liquid condensation on the well response as the pressure drops below the dewpoint. A theoretical foundation for the analysis of well test data in gas-condensate systems is presented. The concept of pseudopressure integrals is introduced and the utility of these integrals—the reservoir and the sandface integrals—to analyze well test data is presented. Short-time performance for both constant-(molar)-rate and constant-pressure production is examined. A pseudopressure transformation is used to incorporate the effects of multiphase flow and changes in fluid composition. We show that the pseudopressures may be used to determine formation flow capacity and skin factor. Estimates of skin factor, however, are approximate for production at a constant rate. Long-time performance is examined in detail for the constant-terminal-pressure case. These solutions should be useful in anticipating the problems involved in conducting production forecasts. An inflow equation for both modes of production is presented. The influence of important variables of interest, such as composition, relative permeability characteristics, mode of production, dewpoint pressure, and initial pressure level, is examined. Long-term performance appears to be particularly sensitive to the difference between the initial pressure and the flowing pressure, but the individual differences between initial and dewpoint pressures and between dewpoint and flowing pressures also have some influence on long-term rates. The consequences of neglecting the appearance of a second phase are documented. Steady flow in gas-condensate systems is also examined. These solutions are important in their own right and provide important insights into the performance of condensate systems (e.g., cycling). Of importance to this work, the steady-flow solution enables us to verify the accuracy of the numerical solutions and to evaluate the pseudopressure transformation used in this paper.
Remarkably Efficient Charcoal-Promoted Ring-Closing Carbonylations (2006)

International audience
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Lipid A Analogs: Modification of a Glycosidically Bound Group with Chemically Stable Polar Acidic Groups and Lipophilic Groups on the Disaccharide Backbone with Tetradecanoyl of N-Dodecanoylglycyl Groups. (1991)

Six novel lipid A analogs were synthesized. The first two analogs, 4 and 5, have an alpha-glycosidically bound carboxymethyl or 1,3-dicarboxyisopropyl group on the disaccharide backbone with four tetradecanoyl groups. The next three analogs, 6, 7 and 8, have two or four N-dodecanoylglycyl groups on the 1-alpha-O-phosphonooxyethylated disaccharide backbone. Analog 6 bears N-dodecanoylglycyl groups on the hydroxyl functions at positions 3 and 3', and tetradecanoyl groups on the amino functions at positions 2 and 2'. Analog 7 is a 2, 3, 2' and 3'-tetrakis(N-dodecanoylglycyl) derivative, and analog 8 resembles compound 6, but the binding of the N-dodecanoylglycyl and tetradecanoyl groups at positions 2, 2' and 3, 3' are reversed. The third analog, 9, has the same acyl group configuration as compound 6, but has a 1,3-dicarboxyisopropyl group at position C-1. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited definite antitumor activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma, indicating that the phosphate group at the C-1 position in lipid A could be replaced by the carboxylic acid without reducing the antitumor activity. In rabbits, compounds 6 and 9 exhibited potent antitumor activity, but their toxicity was extremely low. On the other hand, compounds 7 and 8 showed no antitumor activity. The levels of antitumor activity of 6 and 9 were similar to those of the natural-type lipid A. The antitumor activities of analogs with a N-dodecanoylglycyl group on the disaccharide backbone depended on the connecting sites of the acyl groups.