gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ammonia Channel Couples Glutaminase with Transamidase Reactions in GatCAB (2006)

The formation of glutaminyl transfer RNA (Gln-tRNA Gln ) differs among the three domains of life. Most bacteria employ an indirect pathway to produce Gln-tRNA Gln by a heterotrimeric glutamine amidotransferase CAB (GatCAB) that acts on the misacylated Glu-tRNA Gln . Here, we describe a series of crystal structures of intact GatCAB from Staphylococcus aureus in the apo form and in the complexes with glutamine, asparagine, Mn 2+ , and adenosine triphosphate analog. Two identified catalytic centers for the glutaminase and transamidase reactions are markedly distant but connected by a hydrophilic ammonia channel 30 Å in length. Further, we show that the first U-A base pair in the acceptor stem and the D loop of tRNA Gln serve as identity elements essential for discrimination by GatCAB and propose a complete model for the overall concerted reactions to synthesize Gln-tRNA Gln .
How to Tackle The Management of Infectious Diseases in Wild Animals (2012)

2010年度に，日本各地で野鳥から高病原性鳥インフルエンザウイルスが確認され大きな問題となるなか，発生地や調査研究機関など各所で体制作りが進められた。日本野生動物医学会も，野生のツルへの感染が確認された鹿児島県に専門家の派遣を行い現場作業に貢献した。これらの取り組みから一定の成果が得られ，情報収集や体制構築の検討も進んだ一方で，様々な課題や問題点も明らかとなった。一連の活動や検討を踏まえた結果，野生動物感染症対策を効果的に促進するためには，感染症の監視と制御に役立つ体制を構築することが必要であると考えられた。従って，本学会は体制整備として，以下の取り組みを進めることを提言する。
Overproduction of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase relieves transcription termination at the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon attenuator (1984)

Overproduction of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase increased trp operon expression by reducing transcription termination at the trp attenuator. The total cellular level of charged tRNATrp was not affected by increased levels of the synthetase. We propose that excess synthetase binds charged tRNATrp and reduces the concentration available for translation.
New and unified model for Schottky barrier and III–V insulator interface states formation (1979)

For n- and p-doped III–V compounds, Fermi-level pinning and accompanying phenomena of the (110) cleavage surface have been studied carefully using photoemission at hν≲300 eV (so that core as well as valence band levels could be studied). Both the clean surfaces and the changes produced, as metals or oxygen are added to those surfaces in submonolayer quantities, have been examined. It is found that, in general, the Fermi level stabilizes after a small fraction of a monolayer of either metal or oxygen atoms have been placed on the surface. Most strikingly, Fermi-level pinning produced on a given semiconductor by metals and oxygen are similar. However, there is a strong difference in these pinning positions depending on the semiconductor: The pinning position is near (1) the conduction band maximum (CBM) for InP, (2) midgap for GaAs, and (3) the valence band maximum (VBM) for GaSb. The similarity in the pinning position on a given semiconductor produced by both metals and oxygen suggests that the states responsible for the pinning resulted from interaction between the adatoms and the semiconductor. Support for formation of defect levels in the semiconductor at or near the surface is found in the appearance of semiconductor atoms in the metal and in disorder in the valence band with a few percent of oxygen. Based on the available information on Fermi energy pinning, a model is developed for each semiconductor with two different electronic levels which are produced by removal of anions or cations from their normal positions in the surface region of the semiconductors. The pinning levels have the following locations, with respect to the VBM: GaAs, 0.75 and 0.5 eV; InP, 0.9 and 1.2 eV (all levels + 0.1 eV). The first energy given is assocaited with a missing anion and the second with a missing cation. For GaSb, only an acceptor due to a missing Sb has been located at 0.1 eV. Our work is found to correlate well with that on practical Schottky barriers. A detailed comparison is made with interface state positions and densities found by others on practical MIS structures, and it is suggested that the large density of these states on III–V’s as compared to Si is due to extrinsic interface states created by stoichiometric deficits of the III–V semiconductor. For GaAs, the dominant state is found at 0.7 eV and is associated with an As deficit. For InP, the major interface level is about 0.1 eV below the CBM. These positions are in good agreement with the existing data obtained from a wide variety of samples.
Handbook of plants with pest-control properties (1988)

PEST-CONTROL PLANT SPECIES: Summary Table: Plants with Broad Spectrum Control Main Table: Alphabetical Listing INDEX - PESTS AND PLANTS THAT CONTROL THEM: Bacteria Fungi Insects Leeches and Mollusks (Including Snails) Mites and Ticks Nematodes Rodents Viruses Weeds POISONOUS PLANTS AND PLANTS WHICH CONTROL NON-INSECT ANIMAL PARASITES AND DISEASES.
Stability of negative-image equilibria in spike-timing-dependent plasticity (2003)

We investigate the stability of negative image equilibria in mean synaptic weight dynamics governed by spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). The model architecture closely follows the anatomy and physiology of the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of mormyrid electric fish. The ELL uses a spike-timing-dependent learning rule to form a negative image of the reafferent signal from the fish's own electric discharge, thus improving detectability of external electric fields. We derive sufficient conditions for existence of the negative image and necessary and sufficient conditions for stability, for arbitrary postsynaptic potential functions and arbitrary learning rules. This significantly generalizes earlier investigations. We then apply the general result to several examples of biological interest, including a class of learning rules consistent with the rule observed experimentally in the mormyrid ELL.
A New Through-Tubing Oil-Saturation Measurement System (1991)

ABSTRACT Carbon-oxygen logging is used primarily to estimate oil saturation in cased-hole conditions when the formation water is fresh or unknown. The drawbacks of current techniques are: 1) slow logging speed, 2) large tool diameter, and 3) excessive sensitivity to borehole fluid composition. A new, slim, neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy logging system has been developed to overcome some of these limitations. The new logging service is called the Reservoir Saturation (RST*) Tool. Initial field tests are being carried out in the Middle East. The RST tool uses multiple detectors to separate the signal contributions from the borehole and the formation. Therefore, even when the borehole fluid composition is unknown, oil saturation can be determined in addition to the borehole oil fraction. This presents the possibility of logging flowing wells, which ensures that reinvasion and crossflow will not affect the results, and eliminates the costs of well preparation. A reduction in sonde diameter, without sacrificing logging speed, has been made possible through the use of specially developed technologies in the areas of scintillation materials; photomultiplier tubes; pulsed neutron generators; pulse acquisition circuits; and high-density, digital, signal-processing electronics. The new tool fits through production tubing and operates at temperatures to 150 C. Since no Dewar flasks are used, there is no limit on how long the tool can stay in the well.
Electrostatic modeling and ESD damage of magnetoresistive sensors (1996)

The response of a thin-film sensor to the excessive current and/or voltage during an electrostatic discharge (ESD) event is studied. An unshielded magnetoresistive (MR)-like recording head structure is analyzed and modeled from the viewpoint of electrostatic theory. An electrical model for the MR head structure is proposed and used in circuit simulations to study the current flow through the thin-film resistor during a Human Body Model ESD transient. A thermal model for the thin-film resistor burnout is compared with experiment and 2D modeling of the fields and voltages are presented. Finally, Maxwell's method is used to calculate the induced charge on the MR structure when a charged external conductor is present.
Bacterial activation of β-catenin signaling in human epithelia (2004)

The mucosal lining of the human intestine is constantly bathed in a milieu of commensal gut flora, the vast majority of these being nonpathogenic microorganisms. Here, we demonstrate that microbial-epithelial cell interactions not only affect proinflammatory pathways but also influence beta-catenin signaling, a key component in regulating epithelial cell proliferation. The nonpathogenic Salmonella strain PhoP(c) activates the beta-catenin signaling pathway of human epithelia via a blockade of beta-catenin degradation. Normal beta-catenin ubiquitination necessary for constitutive beta-catenin degradation is abolished, allowing the accumulation and translocation of beta-catenin to the nucleus. Transcriptional activation mediated by the beta-catenin/T cell factor complex increases c-myc expression and enhances cell proliferation. We also show that the Salmonella effector protein AvrA is involved in modulating this beta-catenin activation. These data suggest that nonvirulent bacterial-epithelial interactions can influence beta-catenin signaling and cell growth control in a manner previously unsuspected.
<title>FLIR Systems Today</title> (1976)

FLIR systems have evolved since 1964 to the point that they represent a proven extension of man's sensory perception. Understanding of the technologies relevant to this sensory extension has also developed to an advanced point. For each generic application of thermal imaging there are peculiar tradeoffs relative to detectors, image formation, signal processing, and display. Civil aviation, law enforcement and resource management, among others, suggest applications of modern FLIR equipment. Improved performance and increased reliability have made feasible new applications of thermal imaging. Cost, however, remains to be reduced before any of these new systems will find wide acceptance. Techniques do exist to significantly reduce FLIR cost without sacrificing performance. All of this will be discussed and FLIR imagery will be shown to validate many points.
T2 Relaxation Time of Cartilage at MR Imaging: Comparison with Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis (2004)

Femoral and medial tibial cartilage T2 values increase with the severity of OA.
An Integrated Permanent-Magnet-Synchronous-Generator-Rectifier Architecture for Limited-Speed-Range Applications (2018)

High efficiency and high power density are critical in megawatt-class mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion systems that operate within a limited speed range, as in wind- and gas-turbine-driven generators. Generator output is connected to an ac-to-dc conversion system for processing and controlling power flow to an electric grid. Conventional high-power ac-to-dc conversion architectures rely heavily on active rectifiers, which consist of fully-controlled power-electronic switches. These make the system bulky, lossy, and less reliable. This paper presents an alternative approach: integrating a multi-port permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with series-stacked power converters. An active rectifier processes only a fraction of the total converted power while regulating the dc bus. The remaining power is processed by diode bridges, which allows a substantial increase in overall efficiency, power density, and reliability. Theoretical analysis shows that for wind-power generation applications, the active rectifier processes a maximum of 25% of the rated power while the PMSG operates in a speed range similar to the conventional doubly-fed induction machine. The conversion loss is reduced by 66%. Results from a laboratory-scale experimental setup corroborate the proposed architecture. This approach potentially increases integration of medium-voltage dc distribution to the megawatt-class mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion systems to achieve higher efficiency, power density and lower cost.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORUS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. XI. AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES. XXI. REACTION OF DIETHYL PHOSPHOROCYANIDATE (DEPC) WITH CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF CARBOXYLIC ESTERS AND AMIDES (1977)

Abstract Die Reaktion von DEPC (II) mit Carbonsäuren führt in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin zu Acylcyaniden.
Overexpression of the maize transcription factor ZmVQ52 accelerates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (2019)

Leaf senescence plays an important role in the improvement of maize kernel yields. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence in maize are largely unknown. We isolated ZmVQ52 and studied the function of ZmVQ52 which encoded, a VQ family transcription factor. ZmVQ52 is constitutively expressed in maize tissues, and mainly expressed in the leaf; it is located in the nucleus of maize protoplasts. Four WRKY family proteins-ZmWRKY20, ZmWRKY36, ZmWRKY50, and ZmWRKY71-were identified as interacting with ZmVQ52. The overexpression of ZmVQ52 in Arabidopsis accelerated premature leaf senescence. The leaf of the ZmVQ52-overexpression line showed a lower chlorophyll content and higher senescence rate than the WT. A number of leaf senescence regulating genes were up-regulated in the ZmVQ52-overexpression line. Additionally, hormone treatments revealed that the leaf of the ZmVQ52-overexpressed line was more sensitive to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and had an enhanced tolerance to abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover, a transcriptome analysis of the ZmVQ52-overexpression line revealed that ZmVQ52 is mainly involved in the circadian pathway and photosynthetic pathways.
THE REACTION OF ISOPROPYLLITHIUM AND t-BUTYLLITHIUM WITH SIMPLE OLEFINS (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION OF ISOPROPYLLITHIUM AND t-BUTYLLITHIUM WITH SIMPLE OLEFINSPaul D. Bartlett, Sidney Friedman, and Martin StilesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 7, 1771–1772Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01103a541https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01103a541research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Therapeutic angiogenesis induced by controlled release of fibroblast growth factor‐2 from injectable chitosan/non‐anticoagulant heparin hydrogel in a rat hindlimb ischemia model (2007)

The addition of non-anticoagulant heparin [periodate-oxidized (IO4) heparin] and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 to a viscous water-soluble chitosan (CH-LA) aqueous solution produces an injectable FGF-2/CH-LA/IO4-heparin hydrogel. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of the injected FGF-2/CH-LA/IO4-heparin hydrogel to induce vascularization and fibrous tissue formation. FGF-2/CH-LA/IO4-heparin hydrogels (100 microL of hydrogel consisting of 20 mg/mL of CH-LA, 2 mg/mL of IO4-heparin, and 50 microg/mL of FGF-2) were subcutaneously injected into the backs of wound healing-impaired diabetic (db/db) mice. Furthermore, the effect of percutaneous injection of FGF-2/CH-LA/IO4-heparin hydrogel at eight sites (25 microL/site) into ischemic left lower limbs of rats was examined from day 4 to at least day 28 postinjection. The injection of FGF-2/CH-LA/IO4-heparin hydrogels into the backs of db/db mice resulted in significant increases in blood vessel formation, significant vascularization, and fibrous tissue formation near the injection site. Injection of FGF-2/CH-LA/IO4-heparin hydrogel into ischemic left lower limbs of rats also significantly recovered and increased blood flow and blood oxygen in the calf and thigh. These results indicate that the controlled release of biologically active FGF-2 molecules from FGF-2/CH-LA/IO4-heparin induces angiogenesis and possibly collateral circulation in db/db mice and the ischemic limbs of rats.
Lanthanide mono(borohydride) complexes of diamide-diamine donor ligands: novel single site catalysts for the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (2005)

Samarium chloride and borohydride complexes of the diamide-diamine ligands (2-C5H4N)CH2N(CH2CH2NR)2(R = SiMe3 or mesityl) are described; the borohydride compounds are the first polydentate amide-supported single component lanthanide catalysts for the controlled polymerisation of polar monomers, and also represent the first lanthanide borohydride complex for the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV‐Infected Patients Referred to a Metabolic Clinic: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Predictors (2008)

NAFLD is common among HIV-infected persons who have the traditional risk factors for NAFLD (elevations in serum alanine level, male sex, and increased waist circumference) apparent. Exposure to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors was an independent risk factor for NAFLD, with an 11% increase in the odds ratio for each year of use.
Location and paging area definition and its impact on mobile satellite networks mobility management signalling (2002)

In this paper two different paging strategies are presented and the mobility management signalling required is compared. A LEO and an intermediate circular orbit constellation, respectively with 48 and 10 satellites, are considered in the study. Analytically, the location update signalling is also derived. Simulation models have been developed and implemented, and results obtained, for the two constellations and the different paging strategies. The concept of guaranteed coverage area (GCA) is introduced and GCAs for several latitudes for both constellations presented.
An interactive approach to fault location on overhead distribution lines with load taps (1997)

This paper presents a novel technique in single-ended fault location for overhead distribution systems based on the concept of superimposed components of voltages and currents rather than total quantities. It is shown that the fault locator is highly insensitive to variations in source impedances (both local and remote) and to the presence of taps with variable loads; this permits accurate fault location under a much wider range of system/fault conditions than has hitherto been possible.
ChemInform Abstract: SELENOLO(3,4‐B)THIOPHENE ‐ THE FOURTH “CLASSICAL” SELENOLOTHIOPHENE (1982)

Abstract Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (X) wurde ausgehend vom Bischlormethylthiophen (I) versucht, das zum Dihydroselenolothiophen (II) cyclisiert wird.
Microwave Processing Techniques for Biological Samples in a Service Laboratory (2001)

The author’s interest in microwave (MW) processing of biological samples for electron microscopy was initially stimulated by presentations and papers by Dr. Gary Login (Login and Dvorak, 1988, Login and Dvorak, 1993, Login and Dvorak, 1994.) The work of Giberson and Demaree demonstrated that routine MW processing was possible (Giberson and Demaree, 1995; Giberson et al., 1997; Giberson and Demaree, 1999).
On‐line process monitoring of coffee roasting by resonant laser ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: bridging the gap from industrial batch roasting to flavour formation inside an individual coffee bean (2013)

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) enables the fast and sensitive on-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOC) formed during coffee roasting. On the one hand, REMPI-TOFMS was applied to monitor roasting gases of an industrial roaster (1500 kg/h capacity), with the aim of determining the roast degree in real-time from the transient chemical signature of VOCs. On the other hand, a previously developed μ-probe sampling device was used to analyse roasting gases from individual coffee beans. The aim was to explore fundamental processes at the individual bean level and link these to phenomena at the batch level. The pioneering single-bean experiments were conducted in two configurations: (1) VOCs formed inside a bean were sampled in situ, i.e. via a drilled μ-hole, from the interior, using a μ-probe (inside). (2) VOCs were sampled on-line in close vicinity of a single coffee bean's surface (outside). The focus was on VOCs originating from hydrolysis and pyrolytic degradation of chlorogenic acids, like feruloyl quinic acid and caffeoyl quinic acid. The single bean experiments revealed interesting phenomena. First, differences in time-intensity profiles between inside versus outside (time shift of maximum) were observed and tentatively linked to the permeability of the bean's cell walls material. Second, sharp bursts of some VOCs were observed, while others did exhibit smooth release curves. It is believed that these reflect a direct observation of bean popping during roasting. Finally, discrimination between Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora was demonstrated based on high-mass volatile markers, exclusively present in spectra of Coffea arabica.
Speculative Multithreading Architectures (1998)

With the conventional superscalar approach delivering... effective but quite modest hardware that supports communication and synchronization of registers between on-chip processors. Furthermore, we propose hardware support that handles true memory dependence violations when the application is run in a speculative execution mode. We also present the compiler support that enables automatic identification of threads from sequential binaries. We show how the software-hardware approach enables effective speculative execution of a sequential binary on a CMP architecture without source re-compilation. Overall, we augment the CMP with just enough support, while still maintaining the generic CMP architecture to a reasonable degree.
Effect of miglitol on the suppression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development and improvement of the gut environment in a rodent model (2017)

We demonstrated that miglitol has a protective effect against HFHSD-induced NASH development. The increased GLP-1 secretion and the suppression of endotoxemia, associated with the changes in the gut environment, including the gut microbiota, could contribute to the underlying mechanisms.
Simulating MPEG-2 transport stream transmission over wireless ATM (1999)

Within this paper we simulate the transmission of MPEG-2 transport stream (TS) packets over a wireless ATM network. Based on a finite state radio channel model for the physical layer of a wireless ATM link including the characteristics of the ATM and MAC layer, different packing schemes are evaluated for encapsulating MPEG-2 transport stream packets in ATM adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) PDUs. We analyze the performance with respect to both delay and visual quality in terms of PSNR based on a calculated cell error ratio (CER) for each given state of the radio model. The statistics show, that the 1TP (one MPEG-2 TS per AAL5 PDU) scheme outperforms all other packing schemes in terms of visual quality. At medium channel quality (38 dB), quality is judged to be good, although the CER may be as high as 25%.