gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile Access to 6-Methoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro- and 4-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines by Electrochemical Haloalkoxylation-Dehydrohalogenation Sequence as a Key Operation (1987)

A facile procedure for the synthesis of N-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines 6 and N-ethoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines 7 from piperidines 1 is described. The electrochemical halomethoxylation of N-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines 4 (easily accessible from 1 by ethoxycarbonylation followed by electrooxidative methoxylation and acid-catalyzed elimination of methanol) in a CH3OH-NR4X(X = Cl, Br, I)-(Pt)-(Pt) system provides N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-halo-2-methoxypiperidines 5 in 74-90 % yields. Dehydrohalogenation of iodides 5 (X = 1) with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in toluene gave the desired olefin 6, which was isomerized in aqueous acetic acid to afford the alcohol 7 in 34-55% yields (from 5). The procedure is also applicable to the synthesis of seven membered derivatives 6f and 7f from 1f.
The SIMTRON concept (1992)

A theory for a novel form of a high-frequency amplifier which is suitable for realization in a vacuum microelectronics structure is presented. The cathode is a linear array of field emitters or a linear ridge emitter. The RF structure is a coplanar waveguide (CPW) which may be fabricated by planar techniques. The CPW is a TEM transmission line, and the interaction may be regarded as an extended triode with spatial variation according to the wavelength; hence, the name SIMTRON (spatial injection modulation of the electrons). In the SIMTRON the parallel conductance per unit length of the TEM line is modified by the conductance of the electron beam in the interaction region. Because the beam conductance has a negative region in the neighborhood of a transit angle of one-and-a-quarter RF periods, amplification at that frequency range is possible. A numerical design example is presented for the SIMTRON.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New approach to use ethidium bromide monoazide as an analytical tool (2010)

We focused on the specific nature of photoreactive compound that residual EMA is cancelled by irradiation. We were successful in treating bacteria with EMA in gradient concentration to increase live and dead distinction ability.
Multi-scale Mining of fMRI Data with Hierarchical Structured Sparsity (2011)

Inverse inference, or "brain reading", is a recent paradigm for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, based on pattern recognition tools. By predicting some cognitive variables related to brain activation maps, this approach aims at decoding brain activity. Inverse inference takes into account the multivariate information between voxels and is currently the only way to assess how precisely some cognitive information is encoded by the activity of neural populations within the whole brain. However, it relies on a prediction function that is plagued by the curse of dimensionality, as we have far more features than samples, i.e., more voxels than fMRI volumes. To address this problem, different methods have been proposed. Among them are univariate feature selection, feature agglomeration and regularization techniques. In this paper, we consider a hierarchical structured regularization. Specifically, the penalization we use is constructed from a tree that is obtained by spatially constrained agglomerative clustering. This approach encodes the spatial prior information in the regularization process, which makes the overall prediction procedure more robust to inter-subject variability. We test our algorithm on a real data acquired for studying the mental representation of objects, and we show that the proposed algorithm yields better prediction accuracy than reference methods.
Automatic Excursion Detection in Manufacturing: Preliminary Results. (2005)

As manufacturing processes have grown increasingly complex, demand for robust methods that automatically detect failures in these systems has skyrocketed. Undetected failures in a high-volume manufacturing process can result in tremendous cost if the failure is not detected in a timely manner. In this work, we address the problem of automatic excursion detection based on parametric tests. Contrary to the complexity of many fabrication processes, we propose two structurally simple excursion detection models: Nave Bayes classifier and boosted decision stumps. We test the variations of these models, on the domain of semiconductor manufacturing, against o#-the-shelf classification techniques and show a significant improvement in the precision and recall of detected excursions. Preliminary results encourage our future work that should primarily focus on increasing the recall of the models.
Modularity of Orthopedic Implants (1997)

Description STP 1301 is the first publication of its kind to present a complete compilation of research on testing methods of potential use in orthopedic implant product development. 18 comprehensive peer-reviewed papers are divided into 3 key categories: Clinical Relevance; • Issues of Concern; • and State of the Art in Properties Testing.
Theory of Q‐ball imaging redux: Implications for fiber tracking (2009)

Q-ball imaging is widely used to determine fiber directions for fiber tracking. In q-ball imaging the directional dependence of water diffusion in tissue is described by Tuch's orientation distribution function (ODF); a different function, the q-ball orientation distribution function, is measured using high angular resolution magnetic resonance diffusion imaging (HARDI). Tuch's ODF is assumed to be well approximated by the q-ball ODF. In this study it is shown that: 1) the q-ball ODF is not a good approximation to Tuch's ODF; 2) the properties of the q-ball ODF depend strongly on q, the area of the diffusion sensitization gradients; and 3) the q-ball ODF for a composite system is the weighted average of the q-ball ODFs for each subsystem, but the weighting factor is the product of the percent composition and a renormalization factor. In addition, a derivation is presented of the q-ball ODF for a system described by a Gaussian distribution and expressions are derived for both the dependence of the angular resolution on q and for the relation between the angular resolution and the signal loss. These findings might be useful in the design and interpretation of fiber-tracking experiments.
Genome-wide meta-analysis results for AGA in MAAN. (2015)

<p>(A) Manhattan plot showing the −log<sub>10</sub> p value of SNPs against their chromosomal positions. The genome-wide significant SNPs are green (p value<5×10<sup>−8</sup>). The points with p value <1×10<sup>−40</sup> were truncated; the smallest p value was 2.4×10<sup>−91</sup> at AR gene. (B–I) Regional association plots for eight loci associated with AGA. In each panel, the lead SNP is denoted in purple with its rs ID and association p value. The color of other SNPs indicates the LD with the lead SNP as red (0.8≤<i>r</i><sup>2</sup>≤1), orange (0.6≤<i>r</i><sup>2</sup><0.8), green (0.4≤<i>r</i><sup>2</sup><0.6), light blue (0.2≤<i>r</i><sup>2</sup><0.4), and dark blue (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup><0.2). Estimated recombination rates are in light blue.</p>
Sweet's syndrome in association with generalized granuloma annulare in a patient with previous breast carcinoma (2001)

We describe a case of Sweet's syndrome in association with generalized granuloma annulare (GA) which presented 3 years after a diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Both Sweet's syndrome and generalized GA have been described independently in association with breast carcinoma but have never been described together. Both conditions appeared to respond to oral clofazimine.
Dynamic Business Processes and Their Simulation: A Survey (2016)

Run-time adaptability is a key feature of dynamic business environments. Accordingly, the business processes need to be constantly refined and restructured to deal with exceptional situations and changing requirements. Therefore, gaining insight in an existing or proposed future situation needs simulation process. Simulation is a cost-effective way to analyse several alternatives that it will become apparent which parts are critical. However, dynamic business processes (DBP) simulation are not investigated sufficient what prevents their effective use. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic literature review of conference and journal articles on the topic of DBP simulation. The review has been undertaken to define DBP, identify the DBP requirements, analyse proposed solutions for their implementation and dynamic simulation.
Monitoring of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase enzyme activity using positron emission tomography. (2000)

9-[(1-[18F]Fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine ([18F]FHPG) was evaluated as a tracer for noninvasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene expression. C6 rat glioma cells with and without the HSV-tk gene were incubated with [18F]FHPG for 2 h. The in vitro tracer uptake in HSV-tk-containing C6tk cells was 35 +/- 5 times higher than that in control cells. In nude rats carrying both a C6 and a C6tk tumor, the average ratio of tracer accumulation between the tumors was 15 +/- 5 at 2 h postinjection. The tracer is rapidly cleared from nontarget tissue into the urine because only the HSV-tk-expressing tumor, kidneys, and bladder remained visible on the late PET images. HPLC analysis revealed that three metabolites, tentatively assigned as FHPG mono-, di-, and triphosphate, were formed in the C6tk tumors only. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that [18F]FHPG is a promising tracer for monitoring HSV-tk enzyme activity in vivo with PET.
Molten salt synthesis of low-dimensional ternary chalcogenides. Novel structure types in the K/Hg/Q system (Q = S, Se) (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolten salt synthesis of low-dimensional ternary chalcogenides. Novel structure types in the K/Hg/Q system (Q = S, Se)Mercouri G. Kanatzidis and Younbong ParkCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 2, 99–101Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00008a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00008a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
2D-INADEQUATE Structural Assignment of Polybutene Oligomers (1997)

The structure of polybutene oligomers has been unambiguously determined using NMR techniques. We used 2D-INADEQUATE to show that the major polybutene isomer synthesized via BF(3) catalysis has the expected structure with a tert-butyl group at the beginning of the chain and the expected methylvinylidene double bond at the other end. Surprisingly, we found that the main isomer of polybutene synthesized from AlCl(3) catalysis has an isopropyl group at the beginning of the chain. A trisubstituted double bond structure has been assigned at the other end of the chain. Structural information about several minor polybutene isomers has also been determined. Formation of an isopropyl group can be rationalized by assuming a protonated cyclopropane intermediate in the propagation step. Previously, the mechanism of formation of polybutene via AlCl(3) catalysis was thought to involve exclusively the tert-butyl carbenium ion. It now appears that the mechanism is more complicated than previously thought.
Cloud Storage-oriented Secure Information Gateway (2012)

The Secure Channel Free Public Key Encryption with Keyword Search (SCF-PEKS) scheme, which enables one to search for the encrypted keywords without leaking the privacy. In this paper, we point out the inefficiency of SCF-PEKS scheme and construct a new Located Secure Channel Free Public Key Encryption with Keyword Search (LSCF-PEKS) scheme to improve the efficiency. Furthermore, the LSCF-PEKS scheme is applied to implement cloud storage-oriented secure information gateway. At last, a bidding system is implemented as a case of this scenario.
Live<i>F</i><i>aecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>in an apical anaerobic model of the intestinal epithelial barrier (2014)

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an abundant member of the human commensal microbiota, has been proposed to have a protective role in the intestine. However, it is an obligate anaerobe, difficult to co-culture in viable form with oxygen-requiring intestinal cells. To overcome this limitation, a unique apical anaerobic model of the intestinal barrier, which enabled co-culture of live obligate anaerobes with the human intestinal cell line Caco-2, was developed. Caco-2 cells remained viable and maintained an intact barrier for at least 12 h, consistent with gene expression data, which suggested Caco-2 cells had adapted to survive in an oxygen-reduced atmosphere. Live F. prausnitzii cells, but not ultraviolet (UV)-killed F. prausnitzii, increased the permeability of mannitol across the epithelial barrier. Gene expression analysis showed inflammatory mediators to be expressed at lower amounts in Caco-2 cells exposed to live F. prausnitzii than UV-killed F. prausnitzii, This, consistent with previous reports, implies that live F. prausnitzii produces an anti-inflammatory compound in the culture supernatant, demonstrating the value of a physiologically relevant co-culture system that allows obligate anaerobic bacteria to remain viable.
<title>Cadmium telluride and related materials as x-ray and gamma-ray detectors: a review of recent progress</title> (1994)

This paper reviews the progress achieved in recent years in the field of cadmium telluride X and gamma-ray detectors. Both material and structure of detectors are considered as well as recent progress in pulse handling.
Circulating HIV-1-infected cell burden from seroconversion to AIDS: importance of postseroconversion viral load on disease course. (1994)

The purpose of this study was to characterize quantitative changes in circulating infected cells over the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in relation to clinical/immunological outcome. HIV-1 gag DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) co-cultures were performed on limiting dilutions of cryopreserved PBMC from specimens collected at enrollment and after 5 years of follow-up from nine seropositive subjects classified as rapid progressors, nine intermediate progressors, and 10 nonprogressors. Limiting dilution PCR was also performed on serial pre/postseroconversion specimens from 18 seroconvertors. By quantitative DNA PCR analysis, the infected cell burden was significantly higher at enrollment in the RP [mean of 330 PCR units (PCRU)/10(6) PBMCs] than in the IP (160 PCRU/10(6) PBMCs) and NP (73 PCRU/10(6) PBMCs) groups (p = 0.05). When results were analyzed on an individual level with proportional hazard regression, baseline PCRU (p = 0.05) and CD4 slope (p = 0.0007) were significantly associated with developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 5 years, but baseline tissue culture infectious units (TCIU) was not. The increase in PCR-positive cells after 5 years was modest in all three groups (two- to fivefold), whereas the proportion of PCR-positive cells that yielded virus in culture increased significantly (21- to 31-fold) over time in all three groups. Infected cell burden in postseroconversion specimens was relatively stable within each subject, but varied greatly (from 1.6 to 1,024 PCRU/10(6) PBMCs) among subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Depth recovery from blurred edges (2003)

A method is proposed for recovering depth from a measure of the degree of blur of an edge. Closed-form solution is derived for an edge which is a step discontinuity of intensity in the focused image. The method is simpler and more general than two earlier methods proposed by A.P. Pentland (1987) and P. Grossman (1987). It has been verified experimentally and found to provide useful depth information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Micromanipulation and cloning studies on buffalo oocytes and embryos using nucleus transfer. (1997)

An investigation for testing the viability of production of cloned buffalo embryos through nucleus transfer has been made. Matured buffalo oocytes, after zona cutting to an extent of 60 degrees near polar body, were enucleated using a new approach. Instead of aspirating the cytoplasm contents in a pipette, the half of cytoplasm of oocyte was pushed out, thereby also taking away the nuclear material of the oocyte, leaving the demi-oocyte with the zona pellucida enucleated. The absence of fluorescence confirmed the success of the enucleating process. For enucleating, the oocytes which had intact plasma membrane were eligible for bisectioning. There was no significant difference in oocytes having intact membrane among grade I (33.9%) and grade II (31.4%) oocytes, whereas lower percentage of grade III oocytes had a very low percentage having intact plasma membranes (8.5%). The hours of maturation for 32, 37 and 42 did not influence the per cent oocytes which had intact membranes. All the bisected or demi-oocytes tested with fluorescence screening yielded successful enucleation in 88.2% demi-oocytes. The temporal effect of three maturation hours of 32, 37, and 42 hr; two electrical pulse numbers of 2 and 3 pulses and two magnitudes of electric pulses of 15 and 20 V were studied for their effect on the percentage of successful fusion of demi-oocyte blastomere complexes and the rate of complexes undergoing cleavages. The time period for which the oocytes were subjected to the process of maturation significantly affected the per cent fusions and per cent cleavage of the demi-oocyte blastomere complexes and 32 hr maturation yielded less fusions (38.5%) compared to maturation for 37 and 42 h (53.2 and 57.8%, respectively). The treatment of either 2 or 3 electrical pulse numbers resulted in significantly different fusion (45.6 and 54.1%) as well as cleavage rates (18.2 and 26.1%) of demi-oocyte-blastomere complexes electrofused. The treatment of two levels of magnitude of 15 and 20 V of an electric current resulted in similar per cent fusion (48.0 and 51.6%) and cleavage rates (21.0 and 23.2%). Fortified TCM with either 10 or 20% FBS for culturing freshly electrofused complexes for 1 hr did not differ significantly with respect to per cent complexes fused and cleaved, giving a fusion rate of 46.2 and 53.8% and cleavage rate of 21.2 and 23.2% for 10% and 20% FBS, respectively. Production of cloned embryos through the process of nuclear transfer has been accomplished. The successful cleavages of the nuclear transferred oocytes demonstrated the viability of enucleation procedures of the oocytes and technology implementation of electrofusion in buffalo oocytes.
Toward a poliovirus-based simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine: correlation between genetic stability and immunogenicity (1997)

Recombinant polioviruses expressing foreign antigens may provide a convenient vaccine vector to engender mucosal immunity. Replication-competent chimeric viruses can be constructed by fusing foreign antigenic sequences to several positions within the poliovirus polyprotein. Artificial cleavage sites ensure appropriate proteolytic processing of the recombinant polyprotein, yielding mature and functional viral proteins. To study the effect of the position of insertion, two different recombinant polioviruses were examined. A small amino-terminus insertion delayed virus maturation and produced a thermosensitive particle. In contrast, insertion at the junction between the P1 and P2 regions yielded a chimeric poliovirus that replicated like the wild type. Eight different chimeras were constructed by inserting simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) sequences at the P1/P2 junction. All recombinant viruses replicated with near-wild-type efficiency in tissue culture cells and expressed high levels of the SIV antigens. One of the inserted fragments corresponding to gp41 envelope protein was N-glycosylated but was not secreted. Inserted sequences were only partially retained after few rounds of replication in HeLa cells. This problem could be remedied to some extent by altering the sequences flanking the insertion point. Reducing the homology of the direct repeats by 37% decrease the propensity of the recombinant viruses to delete the insert. To determine the immunogenic potential of the recombinants, mice susceptible to poliovirus infection were inoculated intraperitoneally. The antibody titers elicited against Gag p17 depended on the viral doses and the number of inoculations. In addition, recombinants which display higher genetic stability were more effective in inducing an immune response against the SIV antigens, and inoculation with a mix of recombinants carrying different SIV antigens (a cocktail of recombinants) elicited humoral responses against each of the individual SIV sequences.
Access by content of documents in an office information system (1988)

This paper presents the integration of retrieval functions of an Information Retrieval System, IOTA, in an Office Information Server. Besides the linear scanning of the text (using a software and a hardware filter), two access methods are proposed. The first one is based on a simple indexing of documents based on signatures. Here, texts are treated as character strings. We call this method Textual Search. The second one is based on the extention of Signature Methods for implementing the Indexing Relation of IOTA, where meaningful terms (noun groups, for example) are identified in the text together with grammatical information. We call this method of signature computation the Indexing-Term Signature. The resulting access method is called Semantic Search. We present the current experimentations using the SCHUSS hardware filter as a scanning accelerator and the results of different alternatives of implementation of these Retrieval functions.
The Natural Law, the Marriage bond, and Divorce (1955)

MONOGAMXYN ATURAL law is that objective, eternal and immutable hierarchy of moral values, which are sources of obligation with regard to man because they have been so ordained by the Creator of nature.This law conforms to the essence of human nature which He has created.It is that aspect of the eternal law which directs the actions of men.'Although this law is divine in the sense that it does not depend on human will, nevertheless, it is distinguishable from divine positive law, which has been communicated directly from God to men through revelation, for natural law is discoverable by reason alone."Natural law has been promulgated in the intellect.At least as regards its more fundamental principles it is knowable proximately through the conscience. 3 The most basic ideal of this law, namely, that every man must live in accordance wth his rational nature, so that he will do good and avoid evil, is self-evident to all.No reasoning is required to reach a knowledge of this ideal. 4 But other parts of the natural law are not perceivable with an equal degree of facility.Varying gradations and types of reasoning