gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of NOXA and MCL-1 as a Strategy for Sensitizing Melanoma Cells to the BH3-Mimetic ABT-737 (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Drug resistance in melanoma is commonly attributed to ineffective apoptotic pathways. Inhibiting antiapoptotic BCL-2 and its relatives is an attractive strategy for sensitizing lymphoid malignancies to drugs but it has been largely unsuccessful for melanoma and other solid tumors. ABT-737, a small-molecule BH3-mimetic, selectively inhibits BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-w and shows promise for treating leukemia, lymphoma, and small-cell lung cancer. Melanoma cells are insensitive to ABT-737, but MCL-1 inhibition reportedly increases the sensitivity of other tumors to the compound. Experimental Design: The efficacy of MCL-1 and BFL-1 inhibition for sensitizing melanoma cells to ABT-737 was investigated by short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown or overexpression of their antagonist NOXA in two-dimensional cell culture, a three-dimensional organotypic spheroid model, and an in vivo model. Results: MCL-1 downregulation or NOXA overexpression strongly sensitized melanoma cells to ABT-737 in vitro. NOXA-inducing cytotoxic drugs also strongly sensitized melanomas to ABT-737 but, surprisingly, not vice versa. The drugs most suitable are not necessarily those normally used to treat melanoma. Resistance to ABT-737 occurred quickly in three-dimensional melanoma spheroids through reduced NOXA expression, although experiments with both xenografts and three-dimensional spheroids suggest that penetration of ABT-737 into tumor masses may be the principal limitation, which may be obviated through use of more diffusible BH3-mimetics. Conclusion: Sensitization of tumors to BH3-mimetics by cytotoxic drugs that induce NOXA is a therapeutic strategy worth exploring for the treatment of melanoma and other solid cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 783–95. ©2011 AACR.
Azotobacter vinelandii: a Pseudomonas in disguise? (2004)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Efficient and selective method for the synthesis of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitroimidazole (flunidazole) (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient and selective method for the synthesis of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitroimidazole (flunidazole)Edward J. J. Grabowski, Thomas M. H. Liu, Ludwig Salce, and Erwin F. SchoenewaldtCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 5, 547–549Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00251a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00251a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-Rate Prefix-Free Code Distribution Matching (2019)

We propose a multi-rate prefix-free code distribution matching (PCDM) algorithm that implements a fixed-length probabilistic constellation shaping. It uses various small codebooks in an adaptive manner, thereby improving the shaping performance of PCDM.
Key engineering features of the ITER-FEAT magnet system and implications for the R&D programme (2001)

The magnet design of the new ITER-FEAT machine comprises 18 toroidal field (TF) coils, a central solenoid (CS), 6 poloidal field coils and correction coils. A key driver of this new design is the requirement to generate and control plasmas with a relatively high elongation (κ95 = 1.7) and a relatively high triangularity (δ95 = 0.35). This has led to a design where the CS is vertically segmented and self-standing and the TF coils are wedged along their inboard legs. Another important design driver is the requirement to achieve a high operational reliability of the magnets, and this has resulted in several unconventional designs, and in particular the use of conductors supported in radial plates for the winding pack of the TF coils. A key mechanical issue is the cyclic loading of the TF coil cases due to the out-of-plane loads which result from the interaction of the TF coil current and the poloidal field. These loads are resisted by a combination of shear keys and `pre-compression' rings able to provide a centripetal preload at assembly. The fatigue life of the CS conductor jacket is another issue, as it determines the CS performance in terms of the flux generation. Two jacket materials and designs are under study. Since 1993, the ITER magnet R&D programme has been focused on the manufacture and testing of a CS and a TF model coil. During its testing, the CS model coil has successfully achieved all its performance targets in DC and AC operations. The manufacture of the TF model coil is complete. The manufacture of segments of the full scale TF coil case is another important and successful part of this programme and is near completion. New R&D effort is now being initiated to cover specific aspects of the ITER-FEAT design.
Tumorigenic Properties of Iron Regulatory Protein 2 (IRP2) Mediated by Its Specific 73-Amino Acids Insert (2010)

Iron regulatory proteins, IRP1 and IRP2, bind to mRNAs harboring iron responsive elements and control their expression. IRPs may also perform additional functions. Thus, IRP1 exhibited apparent tumor suppressor properties in a tumor xenograft model. Here we examined the effects of IRP2 in a similar setting. Human H1299 lung cancer cells or clones engineered for tetracycline-inducible expression of wild type IRP2, or the deletion mutant IRP2(Delta73) (lacking a specific insert of 73 amino acids), were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The induction of IRP2 profoundly stimulated the growth of tumor xenografts, and this response was blunted by addition of tetracycline in the drinking water of the animals, to turnoff the IRP2 transgene. Interestingly, IRP2(Delta73) failed to promote tumor growth above control levels. As expected, xenografts expressing the IRP2 transgene exhibited high levels of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1); however, the expression of other known IRP targets was not affected. Moreover, these xenografts manifested increased c-MYC levels and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. A microarray analysis identified distinct gene expression patterns between control and tumors containing IRP2 or IRP1 transgenes. By contrast, gene expression profiles of control and IRP2(Delta73)-related tumors were more similar, consistently with their growth phenotype. Collectively, these data demonstrate an apparent pro-oncogenic activity of IRP2 that depends on its specific 73 amino acids insert, and provide further evidence for a link between IRPs and cancer biology.
A fully-differential CMOS low-pass notch filter for biosignal measurement devices with high interference rejection (2014)

A fifth-order fully-differential CMOS low-pass notch filter (LPNF) with high interference rejection is presented to provide an interface to the instrumentation amplifier (IA) in biopotential and bioimpedance measurement devices. The LPNF employs six operational transconductance amplifiers with differential difference input stage, which have low transconductances in nanosiemens range to enable the use of small capacitors that are feasible for on-chip integration. The filter design was simulated using IBM 0.13-μm CMOS technology. It has a bandwidth of 47.7 Hz, covering the electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies from 1 to 40 Hz with a notch of 73.2 dBc at the 60 Hz power line frequency. The fully-differential structure provides an inherent advantage of high common-mode rejection and high power supply rejection as reflected by system simulations (IA and LPNF) resulting in a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 101.3 dB and a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of 64.7 dB.
Imprinted tumor suppressor genes <i>ARHI</i> and <i>PEG3</i> are the most frequently down‐regulated in human ovarian cancers by loss of heterozygosity and promoter methylation (2008)

Loss of expression of the growth-inhibitory imprinted genes ARHI and PEG3 through promoter methylation, LOH, and other mechanisms may stimulate clonogenic growth and contribute to the pathogenesis of a majority of ovarian cancers.
Knowledge and practices of general surgeons and residents regarding spilled gallstones lost during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cross sectional survey (2013)

We conclude that there is a dearth of awareness regarding diversity of complications from lost gallstones and about their variable postoperative duration of presentation. The practices involving lost gallstones management, documentation and patient information were found to vary widely. Proper awareness is imperative as it may compel surgeons to undertake all possible measures to retrieve spilled gallstones and progress towards better and standardized practices in managing lost gallstones.
Enabling control over adaptive program transformation for dynamically evolving mobile software validation (2005)

Many researchers are investigating the use of adaptive program transformation as a way to efficiently improve program performance. Performance improving transformations are performed at runtime to adapt to the possibly changing runtime characteristics of the program. Leveraging this kind of program transformation on multiple hosts can achieve these same performance gains while reducing the overhead to apply the transformations on the local machine running the program. The reduction in overhead is obtained by distributing the responsibilities for the transformation process to multiple hosts throughout the network. The use of this technology could greatly benefit applications running on networked computation nodes; however, one must first establish confidence in the secure generation and distribution of the transformed versions of the original program before acceptance and execution can occur for many network environments.Since programs are being transformed dynamically, traditional program validation methods such as checksums and digital signatures will be unable to efficiently meet the security needs of this possibly itinerant, transforming software. New validation methods must be developed in order to allow future software to avail itself of the advantages that dynamic program modification may provide while mitigating potential security risks. In this paper, we present our framework to validate dynamically-transforming software in a manner that enables the system to restrict how the software can transform as it executes on a network of hosts. Our prototype system utilizes specification languages to communicate program transformations and controls for those transformations on hosts in the system. This first step towards validating evolving mobile code before transformation occurs, will make dynamically-transforming software a safe and viable future technology.
Ultra-thin plasmonic color filters incorporating free-standing resonant membrane waveguides with high transmission efficiency (2017)

We propose an ultra-thin plasmonic color filtering device based on subwavelength metal grating engraved on a dielectric membrane waveguide without substrate. As experiments demonstrate, the fabricated free-standing plasmonic color filters have more than 70% transmission efficiency at different resonant wavelengths in the visible spectral region and are capable of generating arbitrary colors. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. These artificial nanostructured color filtering devices may find potential applications in high resolution color imaging and sensing systems.
High Altitude Relay and Router (HARR) (2008)

Abstract : This report describes the development and test of processing and transponding payload configurations for the High Altitude Relay and Router (HARR) project. This work was performed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to support a viable long-range end-to-end mobile ad hoc wireless network in a tactical environment. HARR has the potential to provide closed network communications and other tactical capabilities between nodes separated by up to 200 miles at a reduced cost as compared to other existing technologies. HARR achieves these results by flying its payloads in untethered balloons at near-space altitudes around 20,000 m (approximately 65,000 ft), providing a relay capability over a substantial area of operation. The report describes the design and integration of the airborne and ground node systems that make up this network, and analyzes test data collected using unicast and multicast transport protocols in an IP-based environment. The field test data discussed in this report was collected at Lubbock, Texas, in June 2006. Additional followup testing was conducted through the summer and fall of 2006 at NRL in Washington, DC.
Initial Investigation into the Psychoacoustic Properties of Small Unmanned Aerial System Noise (2017)

For the past several years, researchers at NASA Langley have been engaged in a series of projects to study the degree to which existing facilities and capabilities, originally created for work on full-scale aircraft, are extensible to smaller scales --those of the small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS, also UAVs and, colloquially, `drones') that have been showing up in the nation's airspace of late. This paper follows an e ort that has led to an initial human{subject psychoacoustic test regarding the annoyance generated by sUAS noise. This e ort spans three phases: 1. The collection of the sounds through field recordings. 2. The formulation and execution of a psychoacoustic test using those recordings. 3. The initial analysis of the data from that test. The data suggests a lack of parity between the noise of the recorded sUAS and that of a set of road vehicles that were also recorded and included in the test, as measured by a set of contemporary noise metrics. Future work, including the possibility of further human subject testing, is discussed in light of this suggestion.
A combinatorial cost-benefit analysis methodology for designing modular electronic products for the environment (2003)

This paper presents a technique to analyze the efficiency of designing electronic products for the environment. The efficiency of each design is indicated using a Design for Disassembly Index (DfDI). DfDI uses a disassembly tree (DT) which relies on the product's bill of materials as its structural blueprint. DfDI can be used to compare the efficiency among alternative designs, identifying the best alternative for a product retirement plan. In addition, the index offers designers with an important measure to help improve future products.
The influence of d-band structure on stacking-fault energy (1966)

Abstract The variation of stacking-fault energy across the alloy systems, Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd and Ag-Pd respectively has been estimated by a texture method based on the dependence of cross-slip on the stacking-fault energy. The variations with composition have been correlated with known changes in the electronic specific heats and magnetic susceptibilities of these alloys. It is concluded that the presence of empty d-states in these alloys results in a large increase in the stacking-fault energy.
Quantification of HBsAg and HBV-DNA during Therapy with Peginterferon alpha-2b plus Lamivudine and Peginterferon alpha-2b Alone in a German Chronic Hepatitis B Cohort (2011)

The study was underpowered with respect to the primary endpoint due to low recruitment rates. However, in the post-hoc analysis HBsAg decline was over two-fold stronger at the end of treatment and follow-up after combination therapy and did not rebound after lamivudine withdrawal. These results may indicate the usefulness of future combination therapies without discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogues.
The Horseshoe Crab, <i>Limulus polyphemus</i>: 200 Million Years of Existence, 100 Years of Study (2002)

(2002). The Horseshoe Crab, Limulus polyphemus: 200 Million Years of Existence, 100 Years of Study. Reviews in Fisheries Science: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 39-73.
An Implantable CMOS Image Sensor With Self-Reset Pixels for Functional Brain Imaging (2015)

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an implantable CMOS image sensor with self-resetting pixels. The self-resetting function is implemented using a four-transistor Schmitt trigger inverter. The pixel has no counter for the number of self-resets, because the application does not require radiometric (linear) response. The pixel is fabricated using the 0.35-μm 2-poly 4-metal standard CMOS technology, which results in the pixel size of 15 μm×15 μm and a fill factor of 31%. The effective peak signal-to-noise ratio is >59 dB. An image sensor prototype comprising a 60 × 134 pixel array is designed, and an implantable device is fabricated. As an example imaging experiment, we demonstrate blood-flow imaging of a rat-brain surface using the sensor. Intensity-change images are successfully obtained from the self-resetting pixel outputs with the image processing.
Characterization of Charge Storage in Redox-Active Self-Assembled Monolayers (2002)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiol-derivatized alkyl ferrocenes and Zn tetraarylporphyrins on a gold surface have been characterized under open circuit conditions using fluorescence imaging microscopy and a variety of electrochemical methods. The fluorescence of the neutral form of the Zn tetraarylporphyrin SAM and the electrode cell potential are monitored simultaneously after oxidation of the SAM and subsequent establishment of an open circuit condition. These experiments capitalize on the fact that the neutral Zn tetraarylporphyrin SAM is fluorescent whereas emission from the oxidized Zn tetraarylporphyrin SAM is quenched. Accordingly, the fluorescence recovery after disconnection from an oxidizing potential provides an independent measure of the change in oxidation state of the porphyrin SAM as a function of time after the cell is open-circuited. This measurement demonstrates that the porphyrin SAM remains oxidized for an extended period (hundreds of seconds) even though the electrochemical cell potential decays rapidly to the open circuit potential (OCP). Cyclic voltammetry was used to confirm the electrochemical properties of the redox SAMs and to determine the surface coverage of the redox-active molecules. A new method, designated open circuit potential amperometry, was used to read the charge of the oxidized SAM at the OCP after charging currents have decayed away. Additionally, open circuit potential voltammetry yields a sigmoidal response with a characteristic half-wave potential identical to that observed with cyclic voltammetry, indicative of a Nernstian process. Collectively, these studies show that the electrochemical cell discharges to the OCP quickly, that the SAM remains oxidized under these conditions, and that these methods can be used to quantitatively determine the amount of stored charge in the SAM.
Genetic Diversity within Human Erythroviruses: Identification of Three Genotypes (2002)

B19 virus is a human virus belonging to the genus Erythrovirus: The genetic diversity among B19 virus isolates has been reported to be very low, with less than 2% nucleotide divergence in the whole genome sequence. We have previously reported the isolation of a human erythrovirus isolate, termed V9, whose sequence was markedly distinct (>11% nucleotide divergence) from that of B19 virus. To date, the V9 isolate remains the unique representative of a new variant in the genus Erythrovirus, and its taxonomic position is unclear. We report here the isolation of 11 V9-related viruses. A prospective study conducted in France between 1999 and 2001 indicates that V9-related viruses actually circulate at a significant frequency (11.4%) along with B19 viruses. Analysis of the nearly full-length genome sequence of one V9-related isolate (D91.1) indicates that the D91.1 sequence clusters together with but is notably distant from the V9 sequence (5.3% divergence) and is distantly related to B19 virus sequences (13.8 to 14.2% divergence). Additional phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences from the V9-related isolates combined with erythrovirus sequences available in GenBank indicates that the erythrovirus group is more diverse than thought previously and can be divided into three well-individualized genotypes, with B19 viruses corresponding to genotype 1 and V9-related viruses being distributed into genotypes 2 and 3.
SiiE Is Secreted by the <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Pathogenicity Island 4-Encoded Secretion System and Contributes to Intestinal Colonization in Cattle (2007)

Here we report that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenicity island 4 carries a type I secretion system (siiCDF) which secretes an approximately 600-kDa protein (encoded by siiE). SiiE is surface expressed, and its production is regulated by HilA. SiiE and SiiF influence colonization in cattle and the invasion of bovine enterocytes.
DWDM performance of a packaged reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer subsystem supporting modular systems growth (2003)

We describe dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) operation of a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer subsystem module employing silica waveguide technology that is suitable for use with both fixed-wavelength and wavelength-selectable add-drop transceivers. We illustrate its use in providing modular growth in high channel-count DWDM systems.
A Simple Constant Stress Apparatus for Creep Testing (1950)

A simple device is described which can maintain the stress on a creep specimen constant to within 9.8% during uniform extensions up to 100% The apparatus is suitable for slow rates of strain. Examples are given of creep curves obtained with this device from tests on lead and a lead-tin alloy extending to 1,000 and 400 hours respectively; good agreement with the Andrade creep equation is observed in both cases
Effects of minor elements on GTAW fusion-zone shape (1981)

A number of studies have reported changes in the shape of GTA welds in stainless steels and other materials with variations in the concentration of one or more impurities in the base metal. Several mechanisms have been proposed by which the impurities could influence weld shape, including interaction with and consequent alteration of the arc, changes in the liquid-vapor or solid-liquid interfacial energy, and alteration of fluid flow patterns in the weld pool. Variable GTA weld penetration in stainless steels has been studied at our facility for a number of years. This research has led to a model in which it is proposed that minor elements change weld pool shape by altering surface tension gradients on the weld pool. Changing the surface tension gradients changes fluid flow patterns in the weld pool and thereby the shape of the pool. The proposed mechanism and the experimental evidence from which it was derived is presented. Available experimental evidence on the surface tension behavior of iron and steel melts is also summarized.