gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel photonic Rotman-lens design for radar phased array antennas (2009)

Future high performance large radar phased array antennas will require true time delay (TTD), rather than phase shifters, in order to support high bandwidth pulses over a range of scanning angles. Currently, RF Rotman lenses are used as TTD elements, offering a somewhat limited performance with respect to their RF characteristics. Recently, photonic architectures, comprising optical transmitters and receivers, together with some optical circuitry to optically process RF signals, have been proposed as candidates for inclusion within wideband RF systems, which need true time delay to cover an RF bandwidth as large as 18 GHz. In this paper a novel microwave photonic implementation of a Rotman-lens is proposed, offering improved functionality and performance. The proposed scanning unit is an optical module, where photo-detectors connected to the transmitting/receiving antennas are the interfaces, converting between the RF signals and their respective optical waves. The optical module is basically a photonic Rotman lens, quite similar in design to its RF counterpart. However, in addition to the improvement that is obtained by realizing the solution in a photonic module, the proposed photonic Rotman lens improved design is capable of realizing a linear phase profile with a varied slope, that is obtained at the output of the lens for any possible position at the input to the lens. This is in contrast to what is currently available with the conventional RF Rotman lens, where output phase front linearity is obtained for a small and discrete number of input positions. The improved performance is obtained by numerically optimizing the curves of the photonic input and output surfaces of the lens, having an off-centered elliptical profiles, rather than the classically used spherical curvatures. Performance characteristics will be reviewed.
High temperature thermoelectric properties of B12 icosahedral cluster-containing rare earth boride crystals (2005)

B 12 icosahedral cluster-containing rare earth boride TbB44Si2, ErB44Si2, YbB44Si2 crystals were grown by the floating zone method and their high temperature thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient, resistivity) measured. REB44Si2 is isostructural to the magnetic TbB50 compound. These compounds are attractive as high temperature materials due to their stability. An ErB66 crystal was also measured for comparison. Seebeck coefficients exceeding 200μV∕K are observed at temperatures above 1000K for the REB44Si2 compounds and the conductivity increases rapidly as temperature is increased through the variable range hopping mechanism. REB44Si2 compounds were found to have a larger power factor compared to ErB66. The thermal conductivity of ErB44Si2 was also measured and determined to take the low value of 0.027W∕cm∕K at room temperature.
JBEI Microbial Communities Deconstruction Research Activities (2009)

Author(s): Hazen, Terry C.; Hugenholtz, Phillip; Singer, Steven W.; VanderGheynst, Jean S.; D'haeseleer, Patrik; Thelen, Michael P.; DeAngelis, Kristen M.; Reddy, Amitha M.; Allgaier, Martin; Fortney, Julian; Andersen, Gary; DeSantis, Todd; Brodie, Eoin; Wu, Cindy; Goodheart, Dara; Firestone, Mary; Silver, Whendee L.; Simmons, Blake A.
Odorless, Regioselective Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfides and α‐Thioaryl Carbonyls from Sodium Arylsulfinates <i>via</i> a Metal‐ Free Radical Strategy in Water (2016)

Abstract Regioselective arylthiolations of aromatic amines, arenols and ketones via C–H bond functionalization have been achieved with I 2 and PPh 3 in an aqueous system, whereby arylsulfenyl radicals are in situ generated from odorless sodium arylsulfinates. The arylsulfenyl radicals can react with free anilines containing electron‐withdrawing groups and complex substrates (estrone and progesterone). Further experiments and quantum chemical calculations were also performed to deduce a mechanism for the formation of arylsulfenyl radicals. magnified image
Pseudomonas Genome Database: facilitating user-friendly, comprehensive comparisons of microbial genomes (2008)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-studied opportunistic pathogen that is particularly known for its intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, diverse metabolic capacity, and its ability to cause life threatening infections in cystic fibrosis patients. The Pseudomonas Genome Database (http://www.pseudomonas.com) was originally developed as a resource for peer-reviewed, continually updated annotation for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 reference strain genome. In order to facilitate cross-strain and cross-species genome comparisons with other Pseudomonas species of importance, we have now expanded the database capabilities to include all Pseudomonas species, and have developed or incorporated methods to facilitate high quality comparative genomics. The database contains robust assessment of orthologs, a novel ortholog clustering method, and incorporates five views of the data at the sequence and annotation levels (Gbrowse, Mauve and custom views) to facilitate genome comparisons. A choice of simple and more flexible user-friendly Boolean search features allows researchers to search and compare annotations or sequences within or between genomes. Other features include more accurate protein subcellular localization predictions and a user-friendly, Boolean searchable log file of updates for the reference strain PAO1. This database aims to continue to provide a high quality, annotated genome resource for the research community and is available under an open source license.
Mechanistic Investigation Leads to a Synthetic Improvement in the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Epoxides (2004)

The mechanism of the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of terminal epoxides was investigated by kinetic analysis using reaction calorimetry. The chiral (salen)Co-X complex (X = OAc, OTs, Cl) undergoes irreversible conversion to (salen)Co-OH during the course of the HKR and thus serves as both precatalyst and cocatalyst in a cooperative bimetallic catalytic mechanism. This insight led to the identification of more active catalysts for the HKR of synthetically useful terminal epoxides.
Automatic multimedia cross-modal correlation discovery (2004)

Given an image (or video clip, or audio song), how do we automatically assign keywords to it? The general problem is to find correlations across the media in a collection of multimedia objects like video clips, with colors, and/or motion, and/or audio, and/or text scripts. We propose a novel, graph-based approach, "MMG", to discover such cross-modal correlations.Our "MMG" method requires no tuning, no clustering, no user-determined constants; it can be applied to any multimedia collection, as long as we have a similarity function for each medium; and it scales linearly with the database size. We report auto-captioning experiments on the "standard" Corel image database of 680 MB, where it outperforms domain specific, fine-tuned methods by up to 10 percentage points in captioning accuracy (50% relative improvement).
Real Time Monitoring of Containerless Microreactions in Acoustically Levitated Droplets via Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2016)

Direct in-droplet (in stillo) microreaction monitoring using acoustically levitated micro droplets has been achieved by combining acoustic (ultrasonic) levitation for the first time with real time ambient tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The acoustic levitation and inherent mixing of microliter volumes of reactants (3 μL droplets), yielding total reaction volumes of 6 μL, supported monitoring the acid-catalyzed degradation reaction of erythromycin A. This reaction was chosen to demonstrate the proof-of-principle of directly monitoring in stillo microreactions via hyphenated acoustic levitation and ambient ionization mass spectrometry. The microreactions took place completely in stillo over 30, 60, and 120 s within the containerless stable central pressure node of an acoustic levitator, thus readily promoting reaction miniaturization. For the evaluation of the miniaturized in stillo reactions, the degradation reactions were also carried out in vials (in vitro) with a total reaction volume of 400 μL. The reacted in vitro mixtures (6 μL total) were similarly introduced into the acoustic levitator prior to ambient ionization MS/MS analysis. The in stillo miniaturized reactions provided immediate real-time snap-shots of the degradation process for more accurate reaction monitoring and used a fraction of the reactants, while the larger scale in vitro reactions only yielded general reaction information.
The dispersion of powders by intense electrostatic fields. I. Experimental studies (1980)

Powder dispersion by electrostatic fields above 0.20 kV/mm has been studied at ambient temperature in a vacuum, air, sulphur dioxide, and insulating liquids, with both conducting and nonconducting powders. All the conducting powders examined were dispersible, but only some of the insulating materials (e.g., alumina) reacted to the field. Alumina was studied in some detail using different media and various electrode geometries. It was concluded that dispersion of insulating powders occurs as a result of a conducting surface film, indicating that charging of the particles is mostly by conduction electrons from the bed. Effects of the dispersing medium were also detected, especially through the use of current-voltage curves. When liquids were used instead of air, for example, pronounced hysteresis occurred, an effect ascribed to the increased settling rate of the particles. Differences in behavior were also demonstrated from one gaseous medium to another, e.g., particulate clouds, which normally show pronounced turbulence in high-voltage air dispersion, became much more uniform in pure sulphur dioxide. In addition, some powders such as lycopodium, which is unreactive to the field in air, dispersed well in sulphur dioxide. This was traced back to the corona-suppressing properties of this gas, demonstrating that production of gaseous ions at field concentrations (such as those produced by sharp electrodes or angular particles) is detrimental to electrodispersion, since ions tend to act as charge carriers in preference to the particles. Further evidence of this came from gamma ray attenuation studies used for measuring cloud densities as a function of the applied field.
Accounting and business economics traditions in Sweden (1996)

In this paper, it is argued that Swedish accounting research as well as business economics is rooted in practice. Standards for good practice have traditionally been developed in committees set up in a corporatist institutional setting. This tradition carried over with the definite shift from a German to an American influence on accounting as well as business economics in the 1960s. Since then there has been a marked dominance of behaviourally oriented research in business economics as well as in accounting. A pragmatic view prevails.
Monoclonal Antibodies with Selective Specificity Towards Different Glycosylation Isoforms of FGFR1 (2009)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a member of the FGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases, whose function has been implicated in diverse biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. This diversity is possibly mediated by the existence of multiple FGFR1 isoforms, generated by alternative splicing and post-translational modifications, mainly through glycosylation. In this study we report the generation and characterization of a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed towards FGFR1. To achieve this, we used as an antigen a fragment of FGFR1, corresponding to loop II-III of the extracellular domain, which shares low homology to other members of the FGFR family and possesses numerous antigentic determinants. Two rounds of ELISA screening and Western blot analysis allowed us to isolate a panel of monoclonal antibodies, which recognize specifically recombinant FGFR1 loop II-III. The ability of generated antibodies to recognize endogenous FGFR1 was examined in 3T3 L1 cells, which are known to express FGFR1, but not other members of FGFR family. Immunoblot analysis of 3T3 L1 cell lysates with hybridoma media of selected clones revealed a different, but overlapping pattern of immunoreactive bands, which might represent splicing and post-translationally modified forms of FGFR1. Furthermore, we also tested the cross-reactivity of generated antibodies towards recombinant full-length FGFR3 and their ability to recognize FGFR1 in 3T3 L1 cells by cyto- and immunocytochemistry. In summary, generated antibodies should be useful as tools for examining the expression pattern and biological functions of FGFR1 in normal and pathological tissues.
Sleep disturbance during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring of hypertensive patients. (1998)

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive patients who fail to exhibit a normal fall in blood pressure at night may have a greater risk of target-organ damage. Sleep, with associated cessation of physical activity, is the principal determinant of nocturnal blood pressure 'dip'. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether hypertensive patients, who experience the discomfort of higher cuff-inflation pressures during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, experience more interference with sleep, manifested by greater nocturnal physical activity. DESIGN: A retrospective case- control study. METHODS: Subjects were selected from a database of 475 patients who had undergone simultaneous 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and monitoring of physical activity with a wrist-mounted piezoelectric accelerometer. Sixty-one hypertensives (average daytime systolic blood pressure >/= 150 mmHg) were age matched to 61 subjects with average daytime systolic blood pressures </= 130 mmHg. RESULTS: Average daytime blood pressure was 161 +/- 8/95 +/- 10 mmHg in hypertensives and 123 +/- 6/81 +/- in normotensives; night-time blood pressures were 139 +/- 13/82 +/- 11 and 103 +/- 10/64 +/- 7 mmHg, respectively. Hypertensives exhibited higher nocturnal physical activity during sleeping time (2.46 +/- 2.16 versus 1.66 +/- 0.86 activity units, P =0.009) and from 0200 to 0500 h (2.43 +/- 3.12 versus 1.32 +/- 1.16 units, P = 0.011). Hypertensives fell asleep later (2359 h +/- 66 min versus 2335 h +/- 50 min, P = 0.027) slept less (8.00 +/- 1.27 h versus 8.26 +/- 1.08, NS) and had more episodes of nocturnal disturbance (4.74 +/- 3.42 versus 3.36 +/- 2.56, P = 0.004) than did normotensives. In addition, hypertensive subjects had a smaller nocturnal percentage rising single quote, left (low)dip' in blood pressure than did normotensive subjects (14 +/- 7/14 +/- 8 versus 16 +/- 7/21 +/- 7 mmHg, P = 0.03/P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIIONS: Higher cuff-inflation pressures experienced by hypertensive patients are associated with greater nocturnal physical activity and probably associated with poorer quality of sleep. Disturbance of sleep could influence 'dipper' status.
Cytotoxic Effects of Commercial Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Fluids and of Bacterial Exoproducts on Human Mesothelial Cells in Vitro (1989)

Cultured human mesothelial cells were exposed to peritoneal dialysis fluids, supernatants from cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, and antibiotics. Mesothelial cell monolayer cultures were derived from surgically removed omentum. The cytotoxicity of various agents for the cultured mesothelial cells was measured by a 51 Cr-release assay. All brands of fresh peritoneal dialysis fluids induced a more than 50% 51 Cr-release after 18 h. Morphological changes observed included retraction and shrinking of cells, pyknosis of the nuclei and, finally, detachment of cells over an 18-h period. Neutralization of the acid (pH 5.2-5.5) fluids to pH 7.3 did not abolish the cytotoxicity. In contrast, effluent dialysis fluids were not toxic for mesothelial cells; neither was acid (pH 5.5) culture medium nor culture medium with glucose up to 2%. However, higher glucose concentrations induced increasing 51 Cr-release. Furthermore, filter-sterilized supernatants of S. aureus were cytotoxic for mesothelial cell monolayers in 4/7 (57%) strains of S. aureus tested. In contrast, only 4/29 (14%) strains of S. epidermidis produced cytotoxic exoproducts (p = 0.03). Antibiotics were not found to be cytotoxic, with the possible exception of erythromycin. We conclude that currently available peritoneal dialysis fluids are cytotoxic for mesothelial cells in vitro and that during episodes of peritonitis exoproducts of some bacterial strains may further reduce mesothelial cell viability.
Preparation of nano-scale patterns on the silicon oxide surface by dip-pen nanolithography (2005)

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), which uses un "inked" AFM tip to deposit organic molecules through a water meniscus onto an underlying substrate under ambient conditions, has been used to create N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-amino-propyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS) nano patterns as linkers for anchoring gold nanoparticles on the surface of SiO/sub 2/. In this study, conditions of DPN for organic patterns, AEAPTMS, with sub-100 nm dimensions are investigated. Moreover, gold nanoparticles with citrate-negatively-charged surface were deposited selectively on top of DPN organic patterns. Lateral force microscope (LFM) was utilized to differentiate different surface between oxidized semiconductor surfaces and patterned areas with monolayer of AEAPTMS. Line-width as small as 60 nm has been successfully achieved by this method.
Gaussian process regression for forecasting battery state of health (2017)

Accurately predicting the future capacity and remaining useful life of batteries is necessary to ensure reliable system operation and to minimise maintenance costs. The complex nature of battery degradation has meant that mechanistic modelling of capacity fade has thus far remained intractable; however, with the advent of cloud-connected devices, data from cells in various applications is becoming increasingly available, and the feasibility of data-driven methods for battery prognostics is increasing. Here we propose Gaussian process (GP) regression for forecasting battery state of health, and highlight various advantages of GPs over other data-driven and mechanistic approaches. GPs are a type of Bayesian non-parametric method, and hence can model complex systems whilst handling uncertainty in a principled manner. Prior information can be exploited by GPs in a variety of ways: explicit mean functions can be used if the functional form of the underlying degradation model is available, and multiple-output GPs can effectively exploit correlations between data from different cells. We demonstrate the predictive capability of GPs for short-term and long-term (remaining useful life) forecasting on a selection of capacity vs. cycle datasets from lithium-ion cells.
Prediction of the 3D Structure of FMRF‐amide Neuropeptides Bound to the Mouse MrgC11 GPCR and Experimental Validation (2007)

We report the 3D structure predicted for the mouse MrgC11 (mMrgC11) receptor by using the MembStruk computational protocol, and the predicted binding site for the F-M-R-F-NH(2) neuropeptide together with four singly chirally modified ligands. We predicted that the R-F-NH(2) part of the tetrapeptide sticks down into the protein between the transmembrane (TM) domains 3, 4, 5, and 6. The Phe (F-NH(2)) interacted favorably with Tyr110 (TM3), while the Arg makes salt bridges to Asp161 (TM4) and Asp179 (TM5). We predicted that the Met extends from the binding site, but the terminal Phe residue sticks back into an aromatic/hydrophobic site flanked by Tyr237, Leu238, Leu240, and Tyr256 (TM6), and Trp162 (TM4). We carried out subsequent mutagenesis experiments followed by intracellular calcium-release assays that demonstrated the dramatic decrease in activity for the Tyr110Ala, Asp161Ala, and Asp179Ala substitutions, which was predicted by our model. These experiments provide strong evidence that our predicted G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structure is sufficiently accurate to identify binding sites for selective ligands. Similar studies were made with the mMrgA1 receptor, which did not bind the R-F-NH(2) dipeptide; we explain this to be due to the increased hydrophobic character of the binding pocket in mMrgA1.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2′‐O‐Methyl Ethers of Adenosine and Uridine Using 2′,3′‐O‐(Dibutylstannylene) Nucleosides and Diazomethane. (1986)

Abstract The methylation of adenosine (Ia) or its derivatives (Ib), (Ic) works well via the 2,3‐dibutylstannylene derivatives (II) to give isomers (III) and (IV).
Investigations of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) resonant cavities by photoreflectance spectroscopy (1995)

Photomodulated reflectance spectra of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) wafers have been measured between 9 K and 300 K. Structures used are grown in the AlGaAs based system, and are top surface emitting ones centered near 800 nm, with a lambda cavity, similar to those currently found in literature. One consists of a n<SUP>+</SUP> DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) mirror and the cavity, the other is a full one: n<SUP>+</SUP> DBR mirror, cavity and p<SUP>+</SUP> top DBR mirror. For both structures photoreflectance measurements between 300 K and 9 K give interesting information on quantum wells and static electric field in the cavity. In this paper we discuss about the potentialities of this technique for the calibration of VCSEL growth, and its unique non invasive capability to determine quantum well/cavity alignment at room temperature comparing photoreflectance and reflectivity measurements, for vertical cavity devices.
Perinatal complications and abnormal proton metabolite concentrations in frontal cortex of adolescents seen on magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (2000)

Our results complement earlier findings of significant relations between perinatal complications and signs of frontal lobe dysfunction, as well as elevated rates of these two types of variables in mood disorders and schizophrenia.
Identification of the O antigen polymerase (rfc) gene in Escherichia coli O4 by insertional mutagenesis using a nonpolar chloramphenicol resistance cassette (1996)

Computer analysis of the O4 polysaccharide gene cluster of Escherichia coli revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding strongly hydrophobic polypeptides. O antigen polymerase, which is encoded by the rfc gene, is a potential membrane protein and therefore should be hydrophobic. To identify the rfc gene, these two ORFs were subjected to insertional mutagenesis. A chloramphenicol resistance cassette was designed which, when properly inserted, does not cause a polar effect in downstream genes. Each of two ORFs, cloned into a plasmid vector, was inactivated with this cassette. Two types of mutants bearing chromosomal insertions of the cassettes in each ORF were constructed by homologous recombination. These mutants were characterized by PCR, Southern blotting, and transverse-alternating-field electrophoresis. Only one class of mutants exhibited the expected O polymerase-deficient phenotype; they produced O4-specific, semirough lipopolysaccharide. Therefore, this ORF was identified as the rfc gene. The chromosomal rfc mutation was complemented in trans by the rfc gene expressed from a plasmid vector.
Komplexe des Chroms, Molybdäns und Wolframs mit Aminoarsan‐Liganden. II [1] (1985)

Abstract Die Säurespaltung der AsN‐Bindung in Aminoarsan‐Liganden wird untersucht und die Reaktivität der AsN‐Bindung in Aminoarsan‐Molekülen and Aminoarsan‐Liganden verglichen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen das σ‐Donor‐π‐Akzeptor‐modell der Komplexbindung sowie den Mechanismus der Säurespaltung der AsN‐Bindung.