gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The reliability of cytoplasmic CD3 and CD22 antigen expression in the immunodiagnosis of acute leukemia: a study of 500 cases. (1989)

Current views about the origin of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) emphasize the importance of maturation arrest at a precursor cell level. Recently, the CD22 antigen has been identified in the cytoplasm of normal bone marrow-borne immature B lineage cells, while the CD3 antigen (epsilon chain) has been detected within normal immature thymic blasts. In the first part our study performed on 100 cases of known acute leukemias, the expression of such cytoplasmic molecules, referred to as cCD22 and cCD3, was analyzed together with their appearance in the leukemic cells' membrane (mCD22 and mCD3). The presence of cCD22 in B-lineage ALL and that of cCD3 in T-ALL has indeed fully confirmed the diagnosis reached by other markers, and mCD22 and mCD3 were expressed on only a few cases of B- and T-lineage ALL, also revealing a degree of developmental asynchrony within leukemic blasts. In the subsequent analysis both cCD22 and cCD3 have been included in a standard panel of diagnostic reagents applied on 500 consecutive cases of acute leukemia. Here the aim was to analyze both the diagnostic precision of individual markers and the heterogeneity of various leukemic types in terms of the expression of membrane and intracellular antigens and their cytochemical features (Sudan Black B and esterases). It has been found that cCD22 and cCD3 are exquisitely specific for B-precursor ALL (TdT+, CD19+) and T-ALL (TdT+, CD7+), respectively, while both markers are absent in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and acute myelomonocytic and monocytic leukemia (AMML/AMoL). These observations contrast the findings which demonstrate that 31% of cases among nonlymphoid acute leukemia (including AML and AMML) express CD7 and/or TdT. The study of myeloid antigens detected by CD13, CD33, and CD14 is also informative and complementary, both in diagnosing and subdividing the AML and AMML/AMoL groups. The peculiar main observation of this study is that only with the combined use of these markers in a microplate assay for membrane antigens, followed by double staining for intracellular antigens such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, cCD3, cCD22, c mu heavy chain, and T cell receptor beta, it is possible to safely establish the lineage affiliation and subgrouping of virtually all acute leukemias. Among these cases are those with aberrant combinations of markers, including 14% of B-lineage ALL (cCD22+,CD19+,TdT+) and a single case T-ALL (cCD3+,CD7+,TdT+), which exhibit CD13 and/or CD33 antigens, cases with mixtures of ALL and AML blasts, and 1.2% of acute leukemias which lack lineage affiliation and can be regarded as acute undifferentiated leukemia.
Dispersion compensation by differential time delay (1994)

A technique for optical pre- or postdistortion in order to compensate for fiber dispersion is discussed theoretically, The dispersion compensation device is based on differential time delay for the upper and the lower sideband of the modulated signal. The proposed scheme is primarily intended for high bit rate (>10 Gbit/s) time division multiplexed transmission, and in an ideal case the transmitting distance could be enhanced by a factor of 4 in a dispersive limited system. With more realistic demands on the dispersion compensation device, the gained distance is in the order of 2.5.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Practical design for controlled impedance (2002)

A novel method for designing controlled impedance transmission lines for high-speed digital systems is introduced. The method requires specification of the desired electrical performance, some device parameters, and the desired characteristic impedance (Z/sub 0/). By following this procedure, the minimum and maximum Z/sub 0/ values that meet electrical performance and the useful tolerances on the nominal Z/sub 0/ are maximized. The value of the termination resistor that maximizes the tolerances on Z/sub 0/ is also obtained. In the ideal case of transmission line termination, the termination resistor matches the line impedance. In the practical case, the optimum series termination resistor for high-speed digital systems is less than the nominal line impedance. The optimum parallel termination resistor will have a higher value than the nominal line impedance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Human cerebral image registration using generalized mutual information]. (2008)

Medical image registration is a highlight of actual research on medical image processing. Based onsimilarity measure of Shannon entropy, a new generalized distance measurement based on Rényi entropy applied to image rigid registration is introduced and is called here generalized mutual information (GMI). It is used in three dimensional cerebral image registration experiments. The simulation results show that generalized distance measurement and Shannon entropy measurement apply to different areas; that the registration measure based o n generalized distance is a natural extension of mutual information of Shannon entropy. The results prove that generalized mutual information uses less time than simple mutual information does, and the new similarity measure manifests higher degree of consistency between the two cerebral registration images. Also, the registration results provide the clinical diagnoses with more important references. In conclusion, generalized mutual information has satisfied the demands of clinical application to a wide extent.
The Characteristics of Ar and Cs Mixed Faraday Optical Filter Under Different Signal Powers (2018)

The characteristics of the 852 nm cesium Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter with Ar-filled cesium cell under different signal powers are investigated. The transmittance spectra are measured by changing the input laser power from 0.05 to 10 mW (the irradiance from 12.03 to 2406.88 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and the buffer gas pressure from 1 to 10 torr. The spectra without the buffer gas are also measured. The results reveal the entirely different variations of the transmittance spectra for the cells with and without the buffer gas. For the cell without the buffer gas, the sidebands of the spectrum get higher and the bandwidth is broadened as the input power increases. However, for the cell with the buffer gas, the sidebands are suppressed and the bandwidth is reduced. A single-peak transmittance spectrum will be formed eventually. These phenomena are remarkable at relatively high pressures of Ar (5 and 10 torr), which may be very suitable for applications such as Faraday laser, optical frequency standard, laser frequency stabilization, and laser locking. The sidebands of the spectrum can also be used to restrict the high input laser power which may cause damage to the system.
BK virus T antigens induce kidney carcinomas and thymoproliferative disorders in transgenic mice (1990)

Renal adenocarcinomas and/or extremely enlarged thymuses (up to 250 times normal size) were observed in 60 of 78 mice in a transgenic line containing a single copy of the BK virus (BKV) early region. Enlarged thymuses from different mice displayed thymoproliferative disorders of varying severity, ranging from extreme hyperplasia to thymomas and lymphomas. All kidney tumor DNAs analyzed contained highly amplified BKV sequences with multiple rearrangements in cellular DNA flanking the transgene, whereas amplification and rearrangement were observed only in some enlarged thymus DNAs. Expression of BKV T antigens was restricted to epithelial cells of kidney tumors and enlarged thymuses and was not detected in any normal tissues. Although thymocytes proliferated to numbers much greater than normal in the enlarged thymuses, no T antigen expression was detected in thymocytes.
Beckingham 36 Horizontal Well (1989)

Summary BP Petroleum Development Ltd. successfully drilled and completed the first horizontal well in the United Kingdom as part of its 1985 R&D program. The well, Beckingham 36 (BK 36), was drilled on an existing land field near Gainsborough, U.K. This paper discusses the detailed planning for and the execution of the drilling operation. Conclusions and recommendations are presented for future wells.
A high-porosity carbon molybdenum sulphide composite with enhanced electrochemical hydrogen evolution and stability (2013)

This work describes a highly active and stable acid activated carbon fibre and amorphous MoS(x) composite hydrogen evolution catalyst. The increased electrochemical-surface area is demonstrated to cause increased catalyst electrodeposition and activity. These composite electrodes also show an improved stability towards the mechanical degradation of the MoS(x) catalyst.
The effect of age on sagittal plane profile of the lumbar spine according to standing, supine, and various sitting positions (2014)

Lumbar lordosis decreases as position changes from standing to 90°sitting. The upper lumbar spine is more flexible in individuals in their twenties compared to those in their sixties. Changes in lumbar lordosis were concentrated in the lower lumbar region in the older group in sitting positions.
Investigating Narcotic Diversion (1994)

Management is responsible for developing policies and procedures not only for handling of narcotics but also for investigating and intervening in drug-related incidents. Both nurse managers and peers often feel ill-prepared to deal with drug impairment. Nurses who suspect a peer of substance abuse should notify the manager, who must cross-check all medication documentation and look for the many tell-tale signs of narcotic diversion. If sufficient evidence is discovered, the nurse must be confronted and directed to some type of peer assistance or other recovery program.
OPTICAL MESH NETWORK MODELING: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESTORATION PERFORMANCE (2002)

Optical mesh networks using intelligent optical switches are the choice for the next generation optical core. Mesh networks supporting shared mesh restoration provide many advantages over ring networks and can be designed for fast and guaranteed recovery from single link or node failures. The restoration latency performance depends on numerous factors that can have an impact on service level agreements. Network deployment is tedious and making changes after equipment is deployed can be very expensive and time consuming. Thus, it is important to predict restoration performance before deployment and make changes to network design if necessary. Hence, modeling, simulation and analysis of shared mesh restoration performance is an important part of network design and deployment. In this paper, we present two approaches to restoration performance modeling of core mesh networks, namely simulation and analysis, and how they are used as part of the network design and deployment process. 1.
Management of disk space with REBATE (1994)

The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of respositories whose workload consists of queries that retrieve information. These repositories provide on-line access to vast amount of data and serve as an integral component of many application domains (e.g., library information systems, scientific applications, entertainment industry). Their storage subsystem is expected to be hierarchical consisting of memory, disk drives, and one or more tertiary storage devices. The database resides permanently on the tertiary storage devices and objects are swapped onto the magnetic disk drives on demand (and deleted once the disk storage capacity is exhausted). This may fragment the disk space over a period of time, resulting in a non-contiguous layout of an object across the surface of a disk drive. This is undesirable because, once the object is referenced, the disk drive is required to reposition its read head multiple times (incur seek operations) when retrieving the object, resulting in a low performance.
Internet-based SCADA display system (2002)

In the deregulated environment, information is the key to secure operation, profitability, customer retention, market advantage, and growth for the power industry. The rapid development of the Internet and distributed computing have opened the door for feasible and cost-effective solutions. This article describes and demonstrates a unique Internet-based application in a substation automation system that is implemented based on the existing system control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and very large-scale integration (VLSI) information technologies (IT). The user can view the real-time data superimposed on one-line diagrams generated automatically using VLSI placement and routing techniques. In addition, the user can also control the operation of the substation at the server site. The choice of Java technologies, such as Java Native Interface (JNI), Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI), and Enterprise Java Bean (EJB), offers unique and powerful features, such as zero client installation, on-demand access, platform independence, and transaction management for the design of the online SCADA display system.
The Pulmonary Toxicity of Beryllium (1988)

Introduction Background Toxicology Early Studies Clearance of Beryllium from the Lungs Beryllium Disease in Humans Clinical Studies Acute Disease Chronic Disease Epidemiologic Studies Morbidity and Mortality Subclinical Effects of Beryllium Mechanisms of Disease Lung Function Histopathology Cellular Responses The MacrophageUptake and Clearance Immune Responses A Model of the CellularMechanismsofBeryllium Toxicity The Inflammatory Response The Immune Response Research Priorities Epidemiology Toxicology Immunology Prevention
Media-Independent Correlation of Information: What? How (1996)

A wide variety of data in different media (text, structured, image, audio,...) is now accessible in Internet and Intranet. Limitations of current keyword based and hyper-media link based access are all the more apparent when a user wants information without prior knowledge of the locations or media that have data to meet his/her information needs. Two of the several components of the solution being investigated in the InfoQuilt project are discussed here: (a) the use of a wide variety of metadata, that abstract information content without regards to the location, format or media of data and (b) the use of a logical level linking of data called a metadata reference link (MREF) as a hypothetical extension to HTML to support metadata based information correlation between heterogeneous digital media data stored in distributed repositories.
Nucleolar stress is an early response to myocardial damage involving nucleolar proteins nucleostemin and nucleophosmin (2011)

Nucleolar stress, characterized by loss of nucleolar integrity, has not been described in the cardiac context. In addition to ribosome biogenesis, nucleoli are critical for control of cell proliferation and stress responses. Our group previously demonstrated induction of the nucleolar protein nucleostemin (NS) in response to cardiac pathological insult. NS interacts with nucleophosmin (NPM), a marker of nucleolar stress with cytoprotective properties. The dynamic behavior of NS and NPM reveal that nucleolar disruption is an early event associated with stress response in cardiac cells. Rapid translocation of NS and NPM to the nucleoplasm and suppression of new preribosomal RNA synthesis occurs in both neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) and cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) upon exposure to doxorubicin or actinomycin D. Silencing of NS significantly increases cell death resulting from doxorubicin treatment in CPC, whereas NPM knockdown alone induces cell death. Overexpression of either NS or NPM significantly decreases caspase 8 activity in cultured cardiomyocytes challenged with doxorubicin. The presence of altered nucleolar structures resulting from myocardial infarction in mice supports the model of nucleolar stress as a general response to pathological injury. Collectively, these findings serve as the initial description of myocardial nucleolar stress and establish the postulate that nucleoli acts as sensors of stress, regulating the cellular response to pathological insults.
Structure Propagation for Image Registration (2013)

Mosaicing is a commonly used technique in many medical imaging applications where subimages are stitched together in order to obtain a larger field of view. However, stitching, which involves alignment or registration in overlapping regions, is often challenging when the information shared by subimages is absent or small. While it is not possible to perform an alignment without overlap using existing techniques, imaging artifacts such as distortions towards image boundaries present further complications during registration by decreasing the reliability of available information. Without taking these into consideration, a registration approach might violate the continuity and the smoothness of structures across subimages. In this paper, we propose a novel registration approach for the stitching of subimages in such challenging scenarios. By using a perceptual grouping approach, we extend subimages beyond their boundaries by propagating available structures in order to obtain structural maps in the extended regions. These maps are then used to establish correspondences between subimages when the shared information is absent, small or unreliable. Using our approach ensures the continuity and the smoothness of structures across subimage boundaries. Furthermore, since only structures are used, the proposed method can also be used for the stitching of multi-modal images. Our approach is unique in that it also enables contactless stitching. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by performing several experiments on synthetic and medical images. Moreover, we show how stitching is possible in the presence of a physical gap between subimages.
The rating of photovoltaic performance (1999)

The electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) cells, modules, and systems are rated in terms of their maximum electrical power with respect to a total irradiance, temperature, and spectral irradiance. The impact of the reference conditions, measurement procedures, and equipment on the performance rating is discussed.
Palladium-Catalyzed Alkenylation of Ketone Enolates under Mild Conditions (2014)

A protocol for a mild, catalytic, intermolecular alkenylation of ketone enolates has been developed using a Pd/Q-Phos catalyst. Efficient intermolecular coupling of a variety of ketones with alkenyl bromides was achieved with a slight excess of LiHMDS and temperatures down to 0 °C.
Real-time quantifying heart beat rate from facial video recording on a smart phone using Kalman filters (2014)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) can be carried out through facial video recording by a smart phone camera in ambient light. The main challenge is to eliminate motion artifacts and ambient noise. We describe a real-time algorithm to quantify the heart beat rate from facial video recording captured by the camera of a smart phone. We extract the green channel from the video. Then we normalize it and use a Kalman filter with a particular structure to eliminate ambient noise. This filter also enhances the heart pulse component in the signal distorted by Gaussian noise and white noise. After that we employ a band-pass FIR filter to remove the remaining motion artifacts. This is followed by peak detection or Lomb periodogram to estimate heart rate. The algorithm has low computational overhead, low delay and high robustness, making it suitable for real-time interaction on a smart phone. Finally we describe an Android application based on this study.
Tumor necrosis factor challenges in canines: patterns of cardiovascular dysfunction (1992)

Three groups of conscious canines were given different intravenous doses of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) over 1 h, and the resulting cardiovascular abnormalities were examined for 10 days. As TNF dose increased [0 (controls), 30, 60, and 120 micrograms/kg body wt], the number of deaths increased (P less than 0.025; 0 of 6, 1 of 8, 4 of 8, number of deaths in each group, respectively). In all three groups receiving TNF, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 2 h after infusion decreased (P less than 0.003) compared with controls. The group receiving the highest dose of TNF (120 micrograms/kg body wt) had the greatest decrease (P less than 0.05) in LVEF from 0 to 2 h. At 8 h, all three groups receiving TNF had similar LVEF. In these three groups, other multiple measures of LV function at 8 h showed significant and similar decreases in cardiac contractility compared with controls. From 24 to 240 h, however, the time required for cardiac performance (LVEF) to return to normal was dose dependent (30 less than 60 less than 120 micrograms/kg body wt; P less than 0.05). Canines receiving the lowest dose of TNF had near normal cardiac function (LVEF) at 24 h, whereas canines receiving the highest dose had persistent cardiac abnormalities at 240 h. Thus, at 8 h, the severity of cardiac dysfunction is independent of TNF dose, but the rate of onset and the duration of cardiac abnormality are markedly dependent of dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measurements of atmospheric aerosol vertical distributions above Svalbard, Norway, using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) (2013)

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol vertical distributions were measured above Svalbard, Norway, in April 2011 during the Cooperative Investigation of Climate-Cryosphere Interactions campaign (CICCI). Measurements were made of the particle number concentration and the aerosol light absorption coefficient at three wavelengths. A filter sample was collected on each flight at the altitude of maximum particle number concentration. The filters were analyzed for major anions and cations. The aerosol payload was flown in a NOAA/PMEL MANTA Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). A total of 18 flights were flown during the campaign totaling 38 flight hours. The data show frequent aerosol layers aloft with high particle number concentration (1000 cm−3) and enhanced aerosol light absorption (1 Mm−1). Air mass histories of these aerosol layers were assessed using FLEXPART particle dispersion modeling. The data contribute to an assessment of sources of BC to the Arctic and potential climate impacts.
ImageNet-trained CNNs are biased towards texture; increasing shape bias improves accuracy and robustness (2018)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are commonly thought to recognise objects by learning increasingly complex representations of object shapes. Some recent studies suggest a more important role of image textures. We here put these conflicting hypotheses to a quantitative test by evaluating CNNs and human observers on images with a texture-shape cue conflict. We show that ImageNet-trained CNNs are strongly biased towards recognising textures rather than shapes, which is in stark contrast to human behavioural evidence and reveals fundamentally different classification strategies. We then demonstrate that the same standard architecture (ResNet-50) that learns a texture-based representation on ImageNet is able to learn a shape-based representation instead when trained on "Stylized-ImageNet", a stylized version of ImageNet. This provides a much better fit for human behavioural performance in our well-controlled psychophysical lab setting (nine experiments totalling 48,560 psychophysical trials across 97 observers) and comes with a number of unexpected emergent benefits such as improved object detection performance and previously unseen robustness towards a wide range of image distortions, highlighting advantages of a shape-based representation.