gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal matching wavelet for ultrasonic flaw detection in high background noise (2011)

The wavelet transform (WT) is widely used in ultrasonic flaw detection (UFD) systems because of its property of multiresolution time-frequency analysis. Those traditional WT-based methods for UFD use a wavelet basis with limited types to match various echo signals (called wavelet matching signals), so it is difficult for those methods to achieve the optimal match between echo signal and wavelet basis. This results in limited detection ability in high background noise for those WT-based methods. In this paper, we propose a signal matching wavelet (SMW) method for UFD to solve this problem. Unlike traditional UFD systems, in the proposed SMW, the transmitted signal is designed to be a wavelet function for matching a wavelet basis. This makes it possible to obtain the optimal match between the echo signal and the wavelet basis. To achieve the optimal match from the aspect of energy, we derive three rules for designing the transmitted signal and selecting the wavelet basis. Further, the parameter selection in applying the proposed SMW method to a practical UFD system is analyzed. In addition, a low-rate discrete WT structure is designed to decrease the hardware cost, which facilitates the practical application of the proposed SMW. The simulation results show that the proposed SMW can efficiently detect flaws in high background noise even with SNR lower than -20 dB, outperforming the existing methods by 5 dB.
Interictal scalp fast oscillations as a marker of the seizure onset zone (2011)

The rates and the proportion of channels with gamma and ripple fast oscillations are higher inside the SOZ, indicating that they can be used as interictal scalp EEG markers for the SOZ. These fast oscillations are less sensitive but much more specific and accurate than spikes to delineate the SOZ.
Transaction synchronization in distributed shared virtual memory systems (2003)

Synchronization in DSVM (distributed shared virtual memory) can be approached top-down by first understanding the synchronization needs at the process level instead of only at the memory access level. The authors demonstrate this idea in the context of transaction synchronization, devising two-phase locking-based algorithms under two DSVM scenarios: with and without an underlying memory coherence system. They compare the performances of the two algorithms and argue that significant performance gain can potentially result from bypassing memory coherence and supporting process synchronization directly on distributed memory. They also study the role of the optimistic algorithms in transaction synchronization in DSVM and show that some optimistic policy appears promising under the scenarios studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of a nonflammable electrolyte containing Pp13TFSI ionic liquid for lithium-ion batteries using the high capacity cathode material Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 (2013)

A mixture of an organic carbonate solvent and a nonflammable ionic liquid (IL) has been investigated as a new electrolyte to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries and their safety at high voltage. In this work, we have studied the thermal stability and electrochemical properties of N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pp13TFSI)-containing electrolyte and applied it in a lithium-ion battery using the high capacity cathode material Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2. The thermogravimetric analysis and flammability tests indicated that the electrolyte exhibited non-flammablility when the Pp13TFSI content was 40–100 vol%. Using this nonflammable Pp13TFSI-based electrolyte, Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 showed a high discharge capacity, low irreversible capacity loss and an enhanced cyclability. The initial discharge capacity of this cathode material reached 246 mAh g−1 in the 40 vol% Pp13TFSI electrolyte at 20 mA g−1. The initial charge/discharge coulombic efficiency increased to 80.2% as the Pp13TFSI content increased. Furthermore, the cell displayed good cyclability. After 60 cycles using 40 vol% Pp13TFSI, the discharge capacity was still above 230 mAh g−1. Therefore, the nonflammable Pp13TFSI-based electrolyte can be used as a safe electrolyte for Li-rich lithium-ion batteries and it has good electrochemical performance.
Salt flank imaging using offset VSP as an aid to cavern construction (2006)

In areas dominated by complex salt structures, a well designed offset VSP can be used to image the flanks of salt structures close to a nearby borehole. The offset VSP has advantages over the conventional refraction salt proximity survey in areas where the surrounding sediment velocity is not available. This study demonstrates that careful pre‐survey design using pre‐survey modeling is critical for successfully imaging the salt flank near a borehole using VSP techniques.
Synthesis and characterization of noble metal colloids in block copolymer micelles (1995)

Noble metal nanoparticles have been used for more than 2000 years. Applications currently under discussion include solar cell technology, catalysis, and nonlinear optics, where the enormous interfacial surface area of the colloidally dispersed metals and their unique electronic properties resulting from size quantization are exploited. The problem of the stability of these materials has been addressed by using amphiphilic copolymer micelles (see figure) as a nanostructured stabilization environment for the metal particles magnified image .
The Physical Properties of A Series of Antiferroelectric Hetrocyclic Esters (1997)

Abstract A series of highly chiral hetrocyclic esters have been studied. The effect that the choice of hetroatom has on the linearity of the molecules and hence the mesomophism of the materials has been investigated. Measurements of the spontaneous polarisation, tilt angle, current response time and rotational viscosities of the materials are reported. At 30°C below the transition from the SmA phase all members of the series show a Ps of ∼100nCcm−2 and a high tilt angle of about 30°. These physical measurements confirm the presence of a higher order antiferroelectric phase in the selenophene derivative in this series.
Phorbol Esters and SDF-1 Induce Rapid Endocytosis and Down Modulation of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 (1997)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is required, together with CD4, for entry by some isolates of HIV-1, particularly those that emerge late in infection. The use of CXCR4 by these viruses likely has profound effects on viral host range and correlates with the evolution of immunodeficiency. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), the ligand for CXCR4, can inhibit infection by CXCR4-dependent viruses. To understand the mechanism of this inhibition, we used a monoclonal antibody that is specific for CXCR4 to analyze the effects of phorbol esters and SDF-1 on surface expression of CXCR4. On human T cell lines SupT1 and BC7, CXCR4 undergoes slow constitutive internalization (1.0% of the cell surface pool/min). Addition of phorbol esters increased this endocytosis rate >6-fold and reduced cell surface CXCR4 expression by 60 to 90% over 120 min. CXCR4 was internalized through coated pits and coated vesicles and subsequently localized in endosomal compartments from where it could recycle to the cell surface after removal of the phorbol ester. SDF-1 also induced the rapid down modulation (half time approximately 5 min) of CXCR4. Using mink lung epithelial cells expressing CXCR4 and a COOH-terminal deletion mutant of CXCR4, we found that an intact cytoplasmic COOH-terminal domain was required for both PMA and ligand-induced CXCR4 endocytosis. However, experiments using inhibitors of protein kinase C indicated that SDF-1 and phorbol esters trigger down modulation through different cellular mechanisms. SDF-1 inhibited HIV-1 infection of mink cells expressing CD4 and CXCR4. The inhibition of infection was less efficient for CXCR4 lacking the COOH-terminal domain, suggesting at least in part that SDF-1 inhibition of virus infection was mediated through ligand-induced internalization of CXCR4. Significantly, ligand induced internalization of CXCR4 but not CD4, suggesting that CXCR4 and CD4 do not normally physically interact on the cell surface. Together these studies indicate that endocytosis can regulate the cell-surface expression of CXCR4 and that SDF-1-mediated down regulation of cell-surface coreceptor expression contributes to chemokine-mediated inhibition of HIV infection.
Product Line Selection and Pricing with Modularity in Design (2005)

This paper addresses the strategic impact of modular design on the optimal length and price of a differentiated product line. We represent consumer demand with a Bayesian logit model. We also break operations costs into product design and production components. Our analysis shows that reducing product development costs via modular design always makes it attractive to offer greater product variety. However, reducing production costs can sometimes motivate a reduction in variety for a risk-averse producer in a multiple-segment market. We also characterize the impacts of degree of modularity and production cost on price markup and market share. Finally, we show that the optimal product line length is monotonic in risk attitude and the monotonic weak majorization, partial order on product assortment.
Piezo locking stage for nanometer electron-beam lithography (1989)

A piezo-actuated locking stage is described, which minimizes stage mechanical vibrations relative to the column in a nanometer electron beam lithography system capable of using large 5-in. diameter substrates. The performance of the piezo locking stage is compared to the performance of a laser position servo system with a resolution of about 5 nm. The measurements show that mechanically locking the stage with respect to the objective lens is far more effective than the servo loop in suppressing mechanical vibrations. With the stage locked, total beam position noise with respect to the substrate has been measured as 2.5-nm peak-to-peak compared to 10-nm peak-to-peak total noise for the servo loop within a bandwidth of 0.25 to 200 Hz. A more detailed analysis of the beam position noise shows that the piezo locking stage reduces the noise component which is caused by mechanical vibrations to 0.4-nm rms.
Dielectric constant of liquid alkanes and hydrocarbon mixtures (1992)

The complex dielectric constants of n-alkanes with two to seven carbon atoms have been measured. The measurements were conducted using a slotted-line technique at 1.2 GHz and at atmospheric pressure. The temperature was varied from the melting point to the boiling point of the respective alkanes. The real part of the dielectric constant was found to decrease with increasing temperature and correlate with the change in the molar volume. An upper limit to all the loss tangents was established at 0.001. The complex dielectric constants of a few mixtures of liquid alkanes were also measured at room temperature. For a pentane-octane mixture the real part of the dielectric constant could be explained by the Clausius-Mosotti theory. For the mixtures of n-hexane-ethylacetate and n-hexane-acetone the real part of the dielectric constants could be explained by the Onsager theory extended to mixtures. The dielectric constant of the n-hexane-acetone mixture displayed deviations from the Onsager theory at the highest fractions of acetone. The dipole moments of ethylacetate and acetone were determined for dilute mixtures using the Onsager theory and were found to be in agreement with their accepted gas-phase values. The loss tangents of the mixtures exhibited a linear relationship with the volume fraction for low concentrations of the polar liquids.
Dietary Composition, Body Weight, and NIDDM: Comparison of high-fiber, high-carbohydrate, and modified-fat diets (1995)

Although the MF diet is not a low-fat diet, it did not appear to facilitate weight gain in subjects with NIDDM living at home. The MF diet provides an alternative for individuals unable to comply with HCLF diets.
Differential scanning calorimetric studies of superficial digital flexor tendon degeneration in the horse (1994)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of equine superficial digital flexor tendons revealed the presence of a small exothermic peak at 23 degrees C of unknown origin, and a large endothermic peak at 70 degrees C due to denaturation of cross-linked collagen fibres. In the central degenerated core of damaged tendons the denaturation temperature remained at 70 degrees C but the enthalpy decreased in relation to the extent of degeneration of the tendon. We suggest that this reduction in enthalpy is due to depolymerisation and denaturation of the collagen fibres. This contention is supported by the observed increased activity of the degradative enzyme cathepsin B secreted by the fibroblasts. DSC analysis of cultured porcine tendon fibroblasts revealed a multicomponent endotherm, denaturation beginning at 46 degrees C, a temperature capable of being achieved within the tendon during intensive exercise. DSC clearly has considerable potential in complementing morphological and biochemical studies to determine the aetiology and progress of equine tendon degeneration.
Dynamic covalent surfactants for the controlled release of bioactive volatiles (2014)

This project relies on the simple design and the study of biocompatible responsive micelles, capable of releasing a hydrophobic bioactive volatile from an aqueous solution and that, depending on the modulation of external factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration. To reach this goal, we have taken advantages of a new kind of micellar objects that are formed by the efficient self-assembly of biodegradable Dynamic Covalent Amphiphiles (DCAs), low cost surfactants that are made by the reversible molecular association of one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic block. These systems can release a broad variety of fragrances from solution, both from the hydrophobic micellar core or directly from the amphiphile (profragrance). It also proved able to stabilise some sensitive aldehydes in solution.
A hierarchical model of data locality (2006)

To study data placement on memory hierarchy, we present a model called {\em reference affinity}. Given a program trace, the model divides program data into hierarchical partitions (called affinity groups) based on a parameter $k$, which specifies the number of distinct data elements between accesses to members of each affinity group. Trivial solutions exist for the two ends of the hierarchy. At the top, when $k$ is no less than the data size, all program data belong to one affinity group. At the bottom, when $k$ is 0, each element is an affinity group. We present two theoretical results. The first is the complexity. We show that finding and checking affinity groups are in P when $k=1$ and $k=2$. When $k=3$, the checking problem is NP-complete, and the finding problem is NP-hard. The second is the uses. We show that reference affinity captures the hierarchical data locality from the trace of a hierarchical computation. As additional evidence, we cite empirical results for general-purpose programs.
Sulfuric Acid Analysis of Gaseous Olefins (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfuric Acid Analysis of Gaseous OlefinsMaryan P. MatuszakCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1938, 10, 7, 354–360Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50123a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50123a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Classification of Some Active Compounds and Their Inactive Analogues Using Two Three‐Dimensional Molecular Descriptors Derived from Computation of Three‐Dimensional Convex Hulls for Structures Theoretically Generated for Them. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies on the Chemiluminescent Detection of Active Oxygen Species: 9-Acridone-2-sulfonic Acid, a Specific Probe for Superoxide. (1991)

9-Acridone-2-suIfonic acid was shown to react specifically with superoxide to give chemiluminescent light emission in an aqueous media as well as in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Thus, it supplements the non-specificity of Cypridina luciferin analogues to singlet molecular oxygen and the superoxide anion radical.
STUCK FAULT AND CURRENT TESTING COMPARISON USING CMOS CHIP TEST (2005)

This paper compares the effectiveness of Stuck Fault and Current Testing, as applied to CMOS ICs. The comparison is performed by testing sequential CMOS chips using patterns developed via both methodis, and evaluating their ability to identify faulty prciduct. The test results are then contrasted to a previous study in which a smaller, combinatorial chip was tested by the same means. The results indicate that, for the investigated set of chips, Current Testing provides a better screen of defective product for some classes of defects, while Stuck Fault Testing is more effective on others.
Real Time Artificial Neural Network FPGA Implementation for Triple Coincidences Recovery in PET (2015)

In small-animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET), spatial resolution improvements rely on detector minimization in size and often come at the expense of lowering the detector photoelectric fraction. As a result, Inter-Crystal Scatter (ICS) occurrences are increased and affect the overall PET detection efficiency. To reclaim some lost efficiency, previous work used an artificial neural network (ANN) to identify the true line of response (LOR) for the simplest multiple event detection case, three coincident singles known as triplets. Despite promising results, this method is limited to an offline processing which is impractical when a limited data bandwidth is present between the scanner and the PC. This paper demonstrates the capability of processing triplets in real time using an ANN implemented in the field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The ANN pipelined architecture can process over 1 million triplets/second using less than 6000 FPGA slices. Real time processing on the LabPET I scanner yielded an overall 39.7% increase in detection efficiency relative to traditional high resolution settings with a 360-660 keV energy window along with a slight Contrast-to-Noise Ratio ( CNR) degradation. Although improvements are still possible, the proposed FPGA implementation proves the usability of an ANN in real time PET applications in conditions where spare computational resources are limited and the data rate to be processed is high.
<title>Application study of measurement technology of the parameters on NEA photocathode</title> (2006)

Because of its high photoemission performance, NEA photocathode has been developed rapidly and used widely in the recent several decades after it was found. In view of the problems existing in the research and producing of NEA photocathode, the study of property evaluation of NEA photocathode has been carried out in this paper. The spectral response decay of NEA photocathode has been measured, which provides valuable data for the stability research. The factors that influence the quantum yield of NEA photocathode are expounded. The characteristic parameters of NEA photocathode and the way of realizing property evaluation are introduced. The reflective GaAs samples are activated and evaluated by the activation and property evaluation system. The spectral response of NEA photocathode is measured on-line when it is being activated. The activation technique is analyzed and discussed combining with technology of XPS analysis. The property evaluation of NEA photocathode is realized. The properties of different NEA photocathode are compared. The problems in the research on NEA photocathode are pointed out.
Mutual disambiguation of eye gaze and speech for sight translation and reading (2013)

Researchers are proposing interactive machine translation as a potential method to make language translation process more efficient and usable. Introduction of different modalities like eye gaze and speech are being explored to add to the interactivity of language translation system. Unfortunately, the raw data provided by Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Eye-Tracking is very noisy and erroneous. This paper describes a technique for reducing the errors of the two modalities, speech and eye-gaze with the help of each other in context of sight translation and reading. Lattice representation and composition of the two modalities was used for integration. F-measure for Eye-Gaze and Word Accuracy for ASR were used as metrics to evaluate our results. In reading task, we demonstrated a significant improvement in both Eye-Gaze f-measure and speech Word Accuracy. In sight translation task, significant improvement was found in gaze f-measure but not in ASR.
Sinusoidal Coding and Spectral Band Replication for Low Bit-Rate Super-Wideband Speech and Audio Coding (2013)

In this paper, we present a new sinusoidal coding and spectral band replication (SBR) method for a low bit-rate super-wideband speech and audio coding. The sinusoidal coding algorithm utilizes the local rms energy of partial frequency bands in modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) domain to select peak MDCTs. The SBR is based on the pseudo-spectral correlation between lower band and higher band. The proposed techniques are shown experimentally to give improved performance compared to ITU-T G.718 Annex B from the objective and subjective evaluation.
Oleic Acid-Based Gemini Surfactants with Carboxylic Acid Headgroups (2011)

Anionic gemini surfactants with carboxylic acid headgroups have been synthesized from oleic acid. The hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to the terminal carbonyl group of oleic acid via an ester bond, and the carboxylic acid headgroups are introduced to the cis double bond of oleic acid via disuccinyl units. The surfactants exhibit pH-dependent protonation-deprotonation behavior in aqueous solutions. In alkaline solutions (pH 9 in the presence of 10 mmol dm(-3) NaCl as the background electrolyte), the surfactants can lower the surface tension as well as form molecular assemblies, even in the region of low surfactant concentrations. Under acidic (pH 3) or neutral (pH 6-7) conditions, the surfactants are intrinsically insoluble in aqueous media and form a monolayer at the air/water interface. In this study, we have investigated physicochemical properties such as the function of the hydrocarbon chain length by means of static surface tension, pyrene fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, surface pressure-area isotherms, and infrared external reflection measurements.