gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle L‐type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current modulation in γ1‐deficient and wildtype murine myotubes by the γ1 subunit and cAMP (2002)

Modulation of the steady-state inactivation and current amplitude by the gamma1 subunit of the murine skeletal muscle L-type Ca(2+) channel were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Transient expression of the gamma1 subunit, but not of the gamma2 (stargazin) protein, in primary cultured myotubes from gamma1-deficient mice shifted the steady-state inactivation approximately -15 mV, thereby restoring wildtype (WT) steady-state inactivation and current amplitude. The increased Ca(2+) current amplitude in gamma1-deficient cells was abolished in myotubes from animals of 4 weeks and older whereas the positive shift in steady-state inactivation was independent of mouse age. Raising intracellular cAMP levels using the membrane-permeant analogue 8-Br-cAMP led to an increase in Ca(2+) current amplitude in WT cells to the level in gamma1-deficient myotubes. There was no effect on the current amplitude in gamma1-deficient cells or on the steady-state inactivation in either genotype. Rp-cAMPS, a competitive inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, had no effect on the WT Ca(2+) current amplitude and steady-state inactivation, but diminished the current amplitude in gamma1-deficient myotubes without affecting the steady-state inactivation in these cells. These data show that the increased Ca(2+) influx in myotubes lacking the gamma1 subunit, due to right-shifted steady-state inactivation and increased L-type Ca(2+) current amplitude, is determined by the gamma1 subunit. The effect on current amplitude depends on the age of the mice and its cAMP-dependent modulation appears to be controlled by the gamma1 subunit.
Some Further Aspects of Scatter-Fringe Interferometry (1966)

It is shown that an interferometer using one scatter plate and a plane mirror is well suited for testing long focus optical systems. Stability is automatically achieved in this system because of its +1 magnification. Two methods of introducing straight fringes into the field in order to examine a nearly perfect optical system, and a method of making scatter plates to give high-contrast fringe patterns are described.
The system albite‐wollastonite‐nepheline (1940)

A study has been made of the high‐temperature equilibrium‐relations, at atmospheric pressure, of the three silicates sodium aluminium polysilicate, calcium metasilicate, and sodium aluminium orthosilicate. These constitute the fundamental molecules of the rock‐forming minerals‐albite, wollastonite, and nepheline, respectively. The system forms a plane in the quaternary system soda‐lime‐alumina‐silica. As a preliminary to the study, two of the limiting systems were investigated, namely, nepheline‐wollastonlte and albite‐wollastonite. The three minerals concerned do not form a true ternary system, there being a plagioclase field instead of one of albite. The minimum‐temperature point of the entire system is the albite‐nepheline eutectic.
Biologically inspired intelligent robots using artificial muscles (2004)

Humans throughout history have always sought to mimic the appearance, mobility, functionality, intelligent operation, and thinking process of biological creatures. This field of biologically inspired technology, having the moniker biomimetics, has evolved from making static copies of human and animals in the form of statues to the emergence of robots that operate with realistic appearance and behavior. Technology evolution led to such fields as artificial muscles, artificial intelligence, artificial vision and biomimetic capabilities in materials science, mechanics, electronics, computing science, information technology and many others. One of the newest fields is the artificial muscles, which is the moniker for electroactive polymers (EAP). Efforts are made worldwide to establish a strong infrastructure for this actuation materials ranging from analytical modeling and comprehensive understanding of their response mechanism to effective processing and characterization techniques. The field is still in its emerging state and robust materials are still not readily available however in recent years significant progress has been made. To promote faster advancement in the field, in 1999, the author posed a challenge to the research and engineering community to develop a robotic arm that would wrestle against human opponent and win. Currently, he is considering setting up the first competition in 2005. This paper covers the current state-of-the-art and challenges to making biomimetic robots using artificial muscles.
A cytotoxic monoclonal antibody detecting a novel B cell membrane antigen expressed predominantly on cells bearing surface membrane immunoglobulin (1984)

A new human B lymphocyte membrane antigen, CB2, has been detected by a mouse monoclonal IgM antibody. CB2 appears to be predominantly expressed on normal and malignant cells expressing surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg). By indirect immunofluorescence, the number of CB2-positive cells in normal peripheral blood correlated well with the number of SmIg-positive cells. Cytotoxicity studies on isolated cell populations showed that CB2 was present on normal B cells isolated from the spleens of 52 donors and on peripheral blood B cells from 8 donors. Monocytes, T cells, granulocytes, platelets, and red cells were CB2 negative. Only malignant cells expressing SmIg were positive. These included B-CLL, B lymphoma, prolymphocytic leukemia, and B lymphoma cell lines Daudi, Raji, and Conception. SmIg-negative leukemia cells, such as common acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, and T cell leukemias, were negative. Blocking studies with human immunoglobulin suggests that the CB2 antigen is not directed against immunoglobulin determinants. Immunoperoxidase studies on normal lymph node sections show that CB2-positive cells are predominantly present in the mantle region of the follicle, whereas B1- positive cells are mainly in the germinal center.
Cu Thickness Effects on Bonding Characteristics in Cu-Cu Direct Bonds (2010)

Based on a retrospective series of 200 patients with myelomeningocele followed over a period of 3 to 17 years (mean = 9.02 years), the authors define the prognostic elements of the radiographic and urodynamic assessment. Their aim was to define a population at risk presenting a possibility of deterioration of the upper urinary tract. The mean age at the time of the first assessment by the authors was 12 years (range: 2 to 38 years), at which time the upper urinary tract was not dilated in 73% of cases and dilated in 27% of cases. Evaluation of the clinical course revealed that 7% of the upper tracts were dilated at the first consultation and only 1% of them remained so, 26% became dilated secondarily and 67% were never dilated throughout the observation period. The last cystometric assessment provided the following mean values: --for the overall population (200 patients): a premicturating pressure (P2) of 32 cm of water and a compliance (CPL) of 20 ml/cm of water; --for the population in which the upper tract was dilated at the last consultation (54 patients): a P2 of 45 cm of water and a CPL of 7 ml/cm of water; --for the population in which the upper tract was not dilated at the last consultation (146 patients): the P2 was 27 cm of water and the CPL was 24 ml/cm of water. These 2 parameters therefore appeared to be essential and their prognostic value should be evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trans-Esterification in Dry Media Using Ferric Perchlorate Adsorbed on Silica Gel (1999)

Abstract Adsorption of Fe(C104)3(H20)g onto chromatographic grade silica gel in the presence of ethyl acetate (to be used for trans-esterification) produces a supported reagent, Fe(C10,4)3(EtOAc)6/Si02-This reagent, has been found effective for the rapid and high yield of esters via trans-esterification on grinding in the presence of alcohols/carboxylic acids using pestle and mortar in the solid state.
锅炉控制的测定项目：电导率、阳离子电导率和pH (1999)

锅炉水和蒸汽的处理是一项重要的长期预防性保护措施。不进行适当的处理，在昂贵的管线、锅管、凝汽器和其他换热表面就会发生腐蚀和结垢。电导率、阳离子电导率和pH是用于监测和控制处理的三个最基本的测定指标。本文总结实行可靠而准确测定的技术现状和关于它们的重要性的背景材料。
Consensus in the Age of Blockchains (2017)

The blockchain initially gained traction in 2008 as the technology underlying bitcoin, but now has been employed in a diverse range of applications and created a global market worth over $150B as of 2017. What distinguishes blockchains from traditional distributed databases is the ability to operate in a decentralized setting without relying on a trusted third party. As such their core technical component is consensus: how to reach agreement among a group of nodes. This has been extensively studied already in the distributed systems community for closed systems, but its application to open blockchains has revitalized the field and led to a plethora of new designs. The inherent complexity of consensus protocols and their rapid and dramatic evolution makes it hard to contextualize the design landscape. We address this challenge by conducting a systematic and comprehensive study of blockchain consensus protocols. After first discussing key themes in classical consensus protocols, we describe: first protocols based on proof-of-work (PoW), second proof-of-X (PoX) protocols that replace PoW with more energy-efficient alternatives, and third hybrid protocols that are compositions or variations of classical consensus protocols. We develop a framework to evaluate their performance, security and design properties, and use it to systematize key themes in the protocol categories described above. This evaluation leads us to identify research gaps and challenges for the community to consider in future research endeavours.
The Importance of Parents' Concerns About Their Child's Development (1989)

Parents are often concerned about their child's development, but it is unknown whether concerns indicate actual developmental problems. Pilot studies within 96 families showed that parents' concerns about their children's development took the form of value judgments, could be classified into commonly accepted developmental domains, and related to performance on screening tests. In our study, 100 families seeking pediatric care were asked to list any concerns about their child's development while their children received developmental screening. Eighty percent of the children who failed screening had parents with concerns about articulation, language, fine-motor skills, or global development. Ninety-four percent of the children who passed screening had parents with no concerns or concerns in other developmental areas. The types of concerns parents raised did not vary significantly with level of education, experience in child rearing, or other demographic variables. These results suggest that parental concerns may be a helpful adjunct to standardized developmental screening.
High performance, energy efficient master-slave flip-flop circuits (2002)

This paper investigates performance, power and energy efficiency of several CMOS master-slave D-flip-flops (DFFs). To improve performance and energy efficiency, a push-pull DFF and a push-pull isolation DFF are proposed. Among the five DFFs compared, the proposed push-pull isolation circuit is found to be the fastest with the highest energy efficiency and a minimum data pulse width property. Effects of using DPL circuit and tri-state push-pull driver are studied. The impact of scaling supply voltage alone and scaling transistor threshold voltage with supply voltage on speed and power consumption of these circuits is also examined.
Thioredoxin reductase regulates the induction of haem oxygenase-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells (2006)

Certain selenoproteins such as GPX-1 (glutathione peroxidase-1) and TrxR1 (thioredoxin reductase-1) possess important antioxidant defence functions in vascular endothelial cells. Reduced selenoprotein activity during dietary selenium (Se) deficiency can result in a compensatory increase of other non-Se-dependent antioxidants, such as HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1) that may help to counteract the damaging effects of oxidant stress. However, the role of individual selenoproteins in regulating vascular-derived protective gene responses such as HO-1 is less understood. Using an oxidant stress model based on Se deficiency in BAECs (bovine aortic endothelial cells), we sought to determine whether TrxR1 activity may contribute to the differential regulation of HO-1 expression as a function of altered redox environment. Se-sufficient BAECs up-regulated HO-1 expression following stimulation with the pro-oxidant, 15-HPETE (15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid), and levels of this antioxidant inversely correlated with EC apoptosis. While Se-deficient BAECs exhibited higher basal levels of HO-1, it was not up-regulated upon 15-HPETE treatment, which resulted in significantly higher levels of pro-apoptotic markers. Subsequent results showed that HO-1 induction depended on the activity of TrxR1, as proved with chemical inhibitor studies and direct inhibition with TrxR1 siRNA. Finally, restoring intracellular levels of the reduced substrate Trx (thioredoxin) in Sedeficient BAECs was sufficient to increase HO-1 activation following 15-HPETE stimulation. These data provide evidence for the involvement of the Trx/TrxR system, in the regulation of HO-1 expression in BAECs during pro-oxidant challenge.
Mode of action of acibenzolar‐<i>S</i>‐methyl against sheath blight of rice, caused by <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Kühn (2001)

The mode of action of acibenzolar-S-methyl (BTH) was investigated against sheath blight of rice and its pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. BTH exhibited limited fungitoxicity against R solani, in the form of reduced mycelial growth, hyphal browning and sclerotia formation. Parasite fitness of mycelia and sclerotia formed on BTH-amended media was also reduced. When applied as soil drench or foliar spray, BTH inhibited both disease development on inoculated sheaths and its spread to the younger sheaths. The degree of protection against sheath blight increased with increase in duration between BTH application and inoculation. The curative effect of BTH was poor. When applied through roots a protective effect of BTH was visible even with only a 1-h interval between application and inoculation. However, in the case of foliar application, protective effect was recorded only when the gap between application and inoculation was 24 h. BTH reduced the frequency of penetration by R solani, colonization of host tissue and spread of the hyphae from primary lesions to form secondary lesions. BTH induced swelling of hyphal tips on the sheath surface, formation of papillae, browning of penetrated epidermal cells and degeneration of intra-cellular hyphae colonizing epidermal and mesophyll cells. Therefore, the protective effect of BTH against sheath blight was due to combination of its host defence-inducing activity and its adverse effect on growth and vigor (parasite fitness) of the pathogen.
The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables (2000)

We provide a new version of our ziggurat method for generating a random variable from a given decreasing density. It is faster and simpler than the original, and will produce, for example, normal or exponential variates at the rate of 15 million per second with a C version on a 400MHz PC. It uses two tables, integers k<sub>i</sub>, and reals w<sub>i</sub>. Some 99% of the time, the required x is produced by: Generate a random 32-bit integer j and let i be the index formed from the rightmost 8 bits of j. If j < k, return x = j x w<sub>i</sub>. We illustrate with C code that provides for inline generation of both normal and exponential variables, with a short procedure for settting up the necessary tables.
Copper and Zinc levels in normal and malignant tissues (1983)

The copper and zinc levels in 53 malignant and 47 normal human tissue samples were measured. In the malignant tissues, the mean copper concentration was 46% higher (P less than 0.001) than in the normal ones. Analysis of the individual organs showed this increment to be statistically significant in malignancies of the large bowel, stomach, urinary bladder and female reproductive organs, while in cancer of the breast, kidney and testis, the increase in copper level was not significant. The mean zinc concentration in the malignant tissues was not significantly different from that in the corresponding normal tissue specimens (-11%; P less than 0.2). In breast cancer, however, tissue zinc levels were increased by 72% (P less than 0.01), and decreased markedly in carcinoma of the kidney (-73%). A hypothesis for the possible mechanism involving elevated tissue copper levels in biological damage (previously caused by free radicals) which may be responsible for the malignant process, is presented and discussed.
Cleavage by RNase P of Gene N mRNA Reduces Bacteriophage   Burst Size (1996)

RNase P, an enzyme essential for tRNA biosynthesis, can be directed to cleave any RNA when the target RNA is in a complex with a short, complementary oligonucleotide called an external guide sequence (EGS). RNase P from Escherichia coli can cleave phage lambda N mRNA in vitro or in vivo when the mRNA is in a complex with an EGS. The EGS can either be separate from or covalently linked to M1 RNA, the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P. The requirement for Mg2+ in the reaction in vitro is lower when the EGS is covalently linked to M1 RNA. Substrates made of DNA can also be cleaved by RNase P in vitro in complexes with RNA EGSs. When either kind of EGS construct is used in vivo, burst size of phage lambda is reduced by > or = 40%. Reduction in burst size depends on efficient expression of the EGS constructs. The product of phage lambda gene N appears to function in a stoichiometric fashion.
99.992% 28Si CVD-grown epilayer on 300 mm substrates for large scale integration of silicon spin qubits (2018)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destine au dpt et la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publis ou non, manant des tablissements d'enseignement et de recherche franais ou trangers, des laboratoires publics ou privs.
Navidget for Easy 3D Camera Positioning from 2D Inputs (2008)

Navidget is a new interaction technique for camera positioning in 3D environments. This technique derives from the point-of-interest (POI) approaches where the endpoint of a trajectory is selected for smooth camera motions. Unlike the existing POI techniques, Navidget does not attempt to automatically estimate where and how the user wants to move. Instead, it provides good feedback and control for fast and easy interactive camera positioning. Navidget can also be useful for distant inspection when used with a preview window. This new 3D User interface is totally based on 2D inputs. As a result, it is appropriate for a wide variety of visualization systems, from small handheld devices to large interactive displays. A user study on TabletPC shows that the usability of Navidget is very good for both expert and novice users. This new technique is more appropriate than the conventional 3D viewer interfaces for some camera positioning tasks in 3D environments.
Witness Seminar on the Origins and Early Development of the Eurobond Market (1992)

This is the transcript of an oral history seminar in which those involved in the early years of the market during the late 1960s described and analysed their experiences. The session began with a short historical overview.
Fine specificity of autoantibodies to La/SSB: epitope mapping, and characterization (1997)

The B cell epitope mapping of La/SSB was performed using 20mer synthetic peptides overlapping by eight amino acids covering the whole sequence of the protein. IgG, purified from sera of five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and four sera from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) were tested against the overlapping synthetic peptides. Peptides highly reactive with purified IgG were those spanning the regions 145-164, 289-308, 301-320 and 349-368 of the La protein. Determination of the minimum required length of the antigenic determinants disclosed the following epitopes: 147HKAFKGSI154, 291NGNLQLRNKEVT302, 301VTWEVLEGEVEKEALKKI318 and 349GSGKGKVQFQGKKTKF364. Predicted features and molecular similarities of the defined epitopes were investigated using protein databases. The La epitope 147HKAFKGSI154 presented 83.3% similarity with the 139HKGFKGVD146 region of human myelin basic protein (MBP) and 72% similarity with the fragment YKNFKGTI of human DNA topoisomerase II. Peptides corresponding to these sequences cross-reacted with anti-La/SSB antibodies. Sixty-three sera with anti-La/SSB antibodies from patients with pSS or SLE, 35 sera without anti-La/SSB antibodies from patients with SS or SLE and 41 sera from age/sex-matched healthy blood donors were tested against biotinylated synthetic epitope analogues in order to determine their sensitivity and specificity for the detection of anti-La/SSB antibodies. Anti-La/SSB were detected with various frequencies ranging from 20% to epitope 147HKAFKGSI154 to 100% to epitope 349GSGKGKVQGKKTKF364. The overall sensitivity and specificity using all assays with the synthetic peptides were found to be 93.6% and 85.6%, respectively. In conclusion, antibodies to La/SSB constitute a heterogeneous population, directed against different linear B cell epitopes of the molecule. The epitope 147HKAFKGSI154 presents molecular similarity with fragments of two other autoantigens, i.e. human MBP and DNA topoisomerase II. Finally, synthetic epitope analogues exhibit high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of anti-La/SSB antibodies.
Pupil and Glint Detection Using Wearable Camera Sensor and Near-Infrared LED Array (2015)

This paper proposes a novel pupil and glint detection method for gaze tracking system using a wearable camera sensor and near-infrared LED array. A novel circular ring rays location (CRRL) method is proposed for pupil boundary points detection. Firstly, improved Otsu optimal threshold binarization, opening-and-closing operation and projection of 3D gray-level histogram are utilized to estimate rough pupil center and radius. Secondly, a circular ring area including pupil edge inside is determined according to rough pupil center and radius. Thirdly, a series of rays are shot from inner to outer ring to collect pupil boundary points. Interference points are eliminated by calculating gradient amplitude. At last, an improved total least squares is proposed to fit collected pupil boundary points. In addition, the improved total least squares developed is utilized for the solution of Gaussian function deformation to calculate glint center. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more robust and accurate than conventional detection methods. When interference factors such as glints and natural light reflection are located on pupil contour, pupil boundary points and center can be detected accurately. The proposed method contributes to enhance stability, accuracy and real-time quality of gaze tracking system.