gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Ordered Monolayers of Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles: Impact of Architecture, Concentration, and Substrate Surface Energy (2016)

Rapid fabrication of large area, ordered assemblies of polymer grafted (hairy) nanoparticles (PGNs) will enable additive manufacturing of novel membrane, electronic, and photonic elements. Herein, we discuss the relationship between select processing conditions, substrate surface energy, and canopy architecture on the hierarchical structure of sub- to monolayer PGN assemblies. Varying concentrations (10, 20, and 70 nM) of polystyrene (PS) grafted (σ ∼ 1 chain/nm2) gold nanoparticles (AuNP, r0 = 9 nm) were flow-coated onto surface-modified silicon wafers (γs ∼ 20 mN/m, hydrophobic to 80 mN/m, hydrophilic). The profile of an isolated gold–polystyrene (PS) PGN depends on substrate–canopy interface energy. At low substrate–PS interface energy (20 mN/m), the PS canopy spreads to maximize contact with the surface, whereas at high substrate–PS interface energy (80 mN/m), the chains minimize contact area resulting in a more compact, thicker PGN corona. This behavior is translated up to monolayer assemblies, where rougher, less-ordered assemblies with smaller AuNP–surface separation form on substrates with low interface energy. These films are also thinner with greater Au volume fraction, indicating that the segment density within the PS canopy depends on substrate surface energy. The impact of these processing parameters on PGN film formation parallels classic colloidal deposition even though the PS concentration is within the Landau–Levich regime for film formation from linear chains. The factors influencing local morphology, however, resemble those that affect polymer thin films. Using this understanding, we demonstrate fabrication within seconds of large area monolayer films with close-packed order.
Experimental tuning of resonance frequencies of a turbine blade by a laser scanning vibrometer (1998)

In this work a laser scanning vibrometer has been applied to perform repeated measurements of resonance frequencies and mode shapes of a turbine blade, before and after a structural modification, in order to analyse its effects. It has been demonstrated that, using a laser scanning vibrometer, the effects of structural modification can be measured in very reduced times, which are more or less the same as required for the calculation using a FEM model of the blade. Another important fact is that this measurement technique, because of the low testing time required, allows repetition of the complete tests on same or different blades and it then makes it possible to estimate the probability distribution of model parameter values by repeated measurements. This is very important for the reliability of the evaluation of the risk of resonances during operation and for the experimental evaluation of the effects of a structural modification.
Petrochemicals from Coal (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTPetrochemicals from CoalCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1976, 15, 1, 1Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/i360057a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (106 KB) Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Electrostatic Potentials above Oriented Single Photosynthetic Reaction Centers (2000)

Photosystem I (PS I) reaction centers are nanometer-size robust supramolecular structures that can be isolated and purified from green plants. Using the technique of Kelvin force probe microscopy, we report here the first measurement of exogenous photovoltages generated from single PS I reaction centers in a heterostructure composed of PS I, organosulfur molecules, and atomically flat gold. Illumination of the reaction centers was achieved with a diode laser at λ = 670 nm. Data sets consisting of 22 individual PS Is measured entirely under laser illumination, 12 PS Is measured entirely in darkness, and four PS Is in which the light−dark transition occurred in midscan of a single PS I were obtained. The average values of the light minus dark voltages relative to the substrate for the four PS Is were −1.13 ± 0.14 and −1.20 ± 0.19 V at diametrical peripheries and −0.97 ± 0.04 V at the center. Under illumination, the potentials of the central region of the PS Is were typically more positive than the periphery by 6−9 kT, where kT is the Boltzmann energy at room temperature. These energies suggest a possible mechanism whereby negatively charged ferredoxin, the soluble electron carrier from PS I to the Calvin−Benson cycle, is anchored and positioned at the reducing end of PS I for electron transfer. The results are placed in context with the prior experimental literature on the structure of the reducing end of PS I.
Cyclooxygenase-3: axiom, dogma, anomaly, enigma or splice error?--Not as easy as 1, 2, 3. (2004)

A continued need to develop safe and effective analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs fuels the ongoing investigations of cyclooxygenase (COX). In addition, a long unanswered question in the biomedical arena revolves around the mechanism of action of acetaminophen leading to its analgesic and antipyretic activity. Upon the discovery of COX in 1971, alternative enzyme forms were initially suggested. With the development of molecular biology, the discovery of two major cyclooxygenase genes (COX-1 and COX-2) was heralded in 1990, which has subsequently led to the clinical use and development of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Splice variants of both COX-1 and COX-2 were first encountered in the early 1990s, as were single nucleotide polymorphisms of COX-1 and 2. There have been some recently well-publicized investigations of COX-1 and -2 enzyme variants that may assist in our eventual conceptual understanding of the mechanisms of action of acetaminophen. The term "COX-3" has been utilized by some scientists and in the media. The evidence for "COX-3" in terms of various COX-variants and possible scientific and therapeutic implications of COX variant enzymes are described.
Molecular Analysis of Primary Vapor and Char Products during Stepwise Pyrolysis of Poplar Biomass (2010)

Pyrolysis of biomass produces both pyrolysis oil and solid char. In this study, poplar has been pyrolyzed in a stepwise fashion over a series of temperatures from 200 to 500 °C, and both the primary products contributing to pyrolysis oil and the changes in the pyrolyzing poplar surface leading toward char have been characterized at each step. The primary products were identified by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry, and the changes in the poplar surface were monitored using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) photoacoustic spectroscopy, with a sampling depth of a few micrometers. The primary products from pyrolyzing cellulose, xylan, and lignin under similar conditions were also characterized to identify the sources of the poplar products.
An Inhibitor of the Binding of Thyroid Hormones to Serum Proteins Is Present in Extrathyroidal Tissues (1982)

Extrathyroidal tissues of man and the rat contain a potent inhibitor of the binding of thyroid hormones to serum proteins and to an anion-exchange resin. The inhibitor is heat-labile and nondialyzable. It acts by reducing the binding affinity of thyroid hormones to serum proteins, not by reducing the number of binding sites. The tissue inhibitor is similar in several characteristics to an inhibitor described previously in the serum of some critically ill patients, suggesting that the tissue inhibitor may leak into the circulation in severe illnesses.
Analgesic efficacy of an ibuprofenreleasing foam dressing compared with local best practice for painful exuding wounds (2011)

In this study, the ibuprofen foam dressing was shown to consistently relieve wound pain in exuding wounds of various aetiologies, irrespective of basal pain intensity. The data suggest that local pain relief by an ibuprofen foam dressing is possible in the most common, painful, exuding, chronic and acute/traumatic wounds and so is a safer alternative to systemic pain treatment.
The ODELIA Study on Noise Limits for Outdoor Machinery (2016)

In the ODELIA study for the European Commission an assessment of the outdoor equipment noise directive 2000/14/EC and its amendment 2005/88/EC has been performed. The directive requires noise marking for 57 types of equipment used outdoors, and sets noise limits for 22 of these. Since the limits have remained unchanged for many years, there is now a compelling need to revise the existing limit values, potentially add new ones and introduce new equipment types where justified. Also the test codes for the many different machines types have been reviewed. Proposals have been made taking available documents and data into account from 2007 until the present. Criteria applied in the assessment included member state requests and information, environmental impact, stakeholder information from industry, notified bodies, authorities and NGOs, technical progress including databases of declared values, economic impact, and quality of the test codes. Tighter limits were proposed for 9 equipment types and new limits were proposed for 28 types currently without limits. 13 new equipment types were proposed to be included in the directive. In this paper the findings, justifications and recommendations of the study are summarised.
Digestion of Maltitol in Man, Rat, and Rabbit (1983)

Maltitol is found to be enzymatically hydrolyzed by the small intestinal mucosa of man, rat, and rabbit and metabolized by everted sacs of rabbit intestine at a moderate rate. On in vivo perfusion of maltitol (15.3 mumol/min) through the small intestine, 19% of the sugar alcohol is digested by gnotobiotic rats. 120 min after stomach intubation of gnotobiotic rats, only 31% of the ingested maltitol is found in the ileum. A daily application of 35 g maltitol to 4 human beings does not influence the parameters of well-being, compatibility and fecal state. It is concluded that maltitol will be digested and utilized by man, rat, and rabbit.
Synthesis of Paraxanthine and Isoparaxanthine Analogs (1,7- and 1,9-Substituted Xanthine Derivatives) (1998)

A general, convenient method for the preparation of 1,7- and 1,9-disubstituted xanthine derivatives (paraxanthine and isoparaxanthine analogs) was developed starting from 6-amino-2- methoxypyrimidin-4-one. Alkylation with alkyl halides in ace- tone/potassium carbonate in the presence of a phase-transfer cata- lyst (PTC) yielded an equimolar mixture of N3- and O 4 -alkylated products, which could be separated by dry column chromatogra- phy. The N3-alkylated uracil derivatives were converted to the corresponding 1-alkyl-2-methoxypurin-6-ones by standard proce- dures. PTC alkylation yielded an equimolar mixture of 7- and 9- alkylated isomers, which were again conveniently separated by dry column chromatography. The title compounds were obtained after acid hydrolysis of the 2-methoxy group in satisfactory yields.
B cells with regulatory properties in transplantation tolerance (2015)

Induction of tolerance remains a major goal in transplantation. Indeed, despite potent immunosuppression, chronic rejection is still a real problem in transplantation. The humoral response is an important mediator of chronic rejection, and numerous strategies have been developed to target either B cells or plasma cells. However, the use of anti-CD20 therapy has highlighted the beneficial role of subpopulation of B cells, termed regulatory B cells. These cells have been characterized mainly in mice models of auto-immune diseases but emerging literature suggests their role in graft tolerance in transplantation. Regulatory B cells seem to be induced following inflammation to restrain excessive response. Different phenotypes of regulatory B cells have been described and are functional at various differentiation steps from immature to plasma cells. These cells act by multiple mechanisms such as secretion of immuno-suppressive cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-35, cytotoxicity, expression of inhibitory receptors or by secretion of non-inflammatory antibodies. Better characterization of the development, phenotype and mode of action of these cells seems urgent to develop novel approaches to manipulate the different B cell subsets and the response to the graft in a clinical setting.
Lymphatic targeting of immuno-PEG-liposomes: Evaluation of antibody-coupling procedures on lymph node macrophage uptake (2008)

Interstitially injected immuno-poly(ethyleneglycol)-liposomes (immuno-PEG-liposomes) can penetrate the thin-walled and fenestrated lymphatic microvessels and are subsequently conveyed to the regional lymph nodes. The exposed Fc region of coupled antibodies on the liposome surface facilitates vesicular recognition and clearance by lymph node macrophages via the Fc receptor. This limits immuno-PEG-liposome targeting to non-macrophage elements of the lymph nodes. We have evaluated the effect of antibody-coupling procedures to surface-exposed PEG chains with the aim of designing immuno-PEG-liposomes that avoid capture by the lymph node macrophages following interstitial injection. Non-specific IgG was oxidized through the addition of sodium periodate for coupling to hydrazine-PEG(2000)-phospholipid incorporated into liposomal bilayer. For comparison, IgG was also coupled to N-(4'-(4''-maleimidophenyl)butyroyl)-phosphatidylethanolamine (MPB-PE) or MPB-PEG(2000)-DSPE-bearing liposomes. The lymphatic fate of the engineered vesicles was followed following interstitial injection. Antibody coupling to MPB-PE and MPB-PEG(2000)-DSPE-bearing liposomes generated random exposure of IgG and favoured macrophage recognition. In IgG-hydrazine-PEG(2000)-liposomes, the antibody is coupled via its Fc portion. Although, this was expected to diminish Fc segment exposure to macrophages, rapidly drained IgG-hydrazine-PEG(2000)-liposomes were susceptible to extraction by lymph node macrophage as confirmed by macrophage elimination experiments with clodronate incorporated vesicles. Further studies with peritoneal macrophages have established a role for the scavenger receptor class A-I/II in recognition of the IgG-hydrazine-PEG(2000)-liposomes. Therefore, for efficient targeting of immuno-PEG-liposomes to non-macrophage elements of the regional lymph nodes, other strategies for antibody coupling must be sought and these are discussed.
Toward In-Band Self-Organization in Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols for Sensor Networks (2008)

This paper presents a self-organizing medium access control (MAC) protocol framework for distributed sensor networks with arbitrary mesh topologies. The novelty of the proposed In-band self-organized MAC (ISOMAC) protocol lies in its in-band control mechanism for exchanging time-division multiple access (TDMA) slot information with distributed MAC scheduling. A fixed-length bitmap vector is used in each packet header for exchanging relative slot timing information across immediate and up to two-hop neighbors. It is shown that, by avoiding explicit timing information exchange, ISOMAC can work without networkwide time synchronization, which can be prohibitive for severely cost-constrained sensor nodes in very large networks. A slot-clustering effect, caused by in-band bitmap constraints, enables ISOMAC to offer better spatial channel reuse compared to traditional distributed TDMA protocols. ISOMAC employs a partial node wake-up and header-only transmission strategy to adjust energy expenditure based on the instantaneous nodal data rate. Both analytical and simulation models have been developed for characterizing the proposed protocol. Results demonstrate that, with in-band bitmap vectors of moderate length, ISOMAC converges reasonably quickly, that is, approximately within a four to eight TDMA frame duration. Also, if the bitmap header duration is restricted within 10 percent of packet duration, then the energy penalty of the in-band information is quite negligible. It is also shown that ISOMAC can be implemented in the presence of network time synchronization, although its performance without synchronization is just marginally worse than that with synchronization.
Transport Coefficients and Orientational Distributions of a Hematite Particle under Circumstances of a Simple Shear Flow (Analysis for an Applied Magnetic Field Normal to the Shear Plane) (2005)

We have investigated the influences of the magnetic field strength, shear rate, and rotational Brownian motion on transport coefficients such as viscosity and diffusion coefficient, and also on the orientational distributions of rodlike particles of a dilute colloidal dispersion. This rodlike particle is modeled as a magnetic spheroidal particle which has a magnetic moment normal to the particle axis ; such a particle may typically be a hematite particle. In the present study, an external magnetic field is applied in the direction normal to the shear plane of a simple shear flow. The basic equation of the orientational distribution function has been derived from the balance of the torques and solved numerically. The results obtained here are summarized as follows. Although the orientational distribution function shows a sharp peak in the flow direction for a very strong magnetic field, such a peak is not restricted to the flow direction, but continues in every direction of the shear plane. This is due to the characteristic particle motion that the particle can rotate around the axis of the magnetic moment in the shear plane, although the magnetic moment nearly points to the magnetic field direction. This particle motion in the shear plane causes negative values of the viscosity due to the magnetic field. The viscosity decreases, attains a minimum value, and then converges to zero as the field strength increases. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient is significantly influenced by such characteristic particle motion in the shear plane for a strong magnetic field.
Cisco: The Complete Reference (2002)

From the Publisher:
This comprehensive and easy-to-use reference provides a solid overview of networking technology as well as practical hands-on advice for working with Cisco products on a daily basis. Includes coverage of the latest topics such as wireless LANs,VPNs,access lists,tunneling,and much more. 


The Definitive Reference for Mastering Cisco Technology


Get up to speed on Cisco-related hardware and technology with this dual-purpose resource. Providing you with both technical background as well as on-the-job informationincluding configuration notes and hands-on commandsthis useful reference is truly comprehensive in coverage. From the OSI model and networking basics to LAN/WAN switching and security protocols,you'll find details on exactly the topics you need. Including tips for troubleshooting and a handy IOS command reference,this book will help you set up your network and keep it running at peak performance. If you're working with Cisco equipment and technology,you'll want this comprehensive book within easy reach. 



Configure frame-relay connections accurately and effectively 
Understand the intricacies of Ethernetthe most prevalent LAN technology 
Learn how ATM devices sustain a wide variety of traffic types 
Find out about the different types of ISDN connections and their use in common environments 
Get details on the TCP/IP suiteincluding advanced topics such as subnetting,VLSM,CIDR,NAT,and port mapping 
Learn how the protocols in the IPX/SPX suite function 
Discover shortcuts to IOS configuration and examine common IOS commands 



Explore specialized routing andswitching protocolsRIP,OSPF,access lists,and many others
Soft collinear effective theory for heavy WIMP annihilation (2015)

In a large class of models for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), the WIMP mass M lies far above the weak scale m W . This work identifies universal Sudakov-type logarithms ∼ α log2(2 M/m W ) that spoil the naive convergence of perturbation theory for annihilation processes. An effective field theory (EFT) framework is presented, allowing the systematic resummation of these logarithms. Another impact of the large separation of scales is that a long-distance wavefunction distortion from electroweak boson exchange leads to observable modifications of the cross section. Careful accounting of momentum regions in the EFT allows the rigorous disentanglement of this so-called Sommerfeld enhancement from the short-distance hard annihilation process. The WIMP is described as a heavy-particle field, while the electroweak gauge bosons are treated as soft and collinear fields. Hard matching coefficients are computed at renormalization scale μ ∼ 2 M , then evolved down to μ ∼ m W , where electroweak symmetry breaking is incorporated and the matching onto the relevant quantum mechanical Hamiltonian is performed. The example of an SU(2) W triplet scalar dark matter candidate annihilating to line photons is used for concreteness, allowing the numerical exploration of the impact of next-to-leading order corrections and log resummation. For M ≃ 3 TeV, the resummed Sommerfeld enhanced cross section is reduced by a factor of ∼ 3 with respect to the treelevel fixed order result.
A Facile Route to a Polymer‐Supported IBX Reagent. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diagenesis, Chemical Sediments, and the Mixing of Natural Waters (1969)

ABSTRACT Mixing of aqueous solutions is an important procedure in chemical laboratories. The chemical effects of mixing in the laboratory include changes in the concentration and electrical properties of a solution, shifts in homogeneous equilibria, and precipitation or dissolution of a solid phase. Similar chemical effects can be expected to occur in nature as a result of the mixing of natural waters, and in some instances these may result in diagenesis. A simple classification yields 14 distinct categories of natural waters with 91 possible combinations of mixing of pairs of such waters. Examples are known of the precipitation of hydroxides and carbonates as a result of the mixing of chemically dissimilar surface waters. Documented examples of subsurface mixing and diagenesis are few. However, because of the great variety of chemically dissimilar subsurface waters, plus the existence of several types of potential fields which cause the movement of subsurface waters, mixing and diagenesis in the subsurface may be a common and significant geologic process. The solubility of rock forming minerals is a non-linear function of such independent variables as salinity, partial pressure of gases, temperature, and so on. The dissolution of calcium carbonate as a result of Mischungskorrosion can be viewed in the light of the non-linearity of the solubility curve. Experimental data on the solubility of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate as a function of added salts indicate that mixing of solutions which differ only in their content of dissolved electrolytes may cause either the precipitation or dissolution of the rock-forming minerals. Other common rock-forming minerals, with the exception of quartz at low temperatures, should exhibit similar behavior.