gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell‐autonomous control of interferon type I expression by indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase in regulatory CD19<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells (2007)

Following CD80/86 (B7) and TLR9 ligation, small subsets of splenic dendritic cells expressing CD19 (CD19(+) DC) acquire potent T cell regulatory functions due to induced expression of the intracellular enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan. In CD19(+) DC, IFN type I (IFN-alpha) is the obligate inducer of IDO. We now report that IFN-alpha production needed to stimulate high-level expression of IDO following B7 ligation is itself dependent on basal levels of IDO activity. Genetic and pharmacologic ablation of IDO completely abrogated IFN-alpha production by CD19(+) DC after B7 ligation. In contrast, IDO ablation did not block IFN-alpha production by CD19(+) DC after TLR9 ligation. IDO-mediated control of IFN-alpha production depended on tryptophan depletion as adding excess tryptophan also blocked IFN-alpha expression after B7 ligation. Consistent with this, DC from mice deficient in general control of non-derepressible-2 (GCN2)-kinase, a component of the cellular stress response to amino acid withdrawal, did not produce IFN-alpha following B7 ligation, but produced IFN-alpha after TLR9 ligation. Thus, B7 and TLR9 ligands stimulate IFN-alpha expression in CD19(+) DC via distinct signaling pathways. In the case of B7 ligation, IDO activates cell-autonomous signals essential for IFN-alpha production, most likely by activating the GCN2-kinase-dependent stress response.
High-performance operating system primitives for robotics and real-time control systems (1987)

To increase speed and reliability of operation, multiple computers are replacing uniprocessors and wired-logic controllers in modern robots and industrial control systems. However, performance increases are not attained by such hardware alone. The operating software controlling the robots or control systems must exploit the possible parallelism of various control tasks in order to perform the necessary computations within given real-time and reliability constraints. Such software consists of both control programs written by application programmers and operating system software offering means of task scheduling, intertask communication, and device control. The Generalized Executive for real-time Multiprocessor applications (GEM) is an operating system that addresses several requirements of operating software. First, when using GEM, programmers can select one of two different types of tasks differing in size, called processes and microprocesses. Second, the scheduling calls offered by GEM permit the implementation of several models of task interaction. Third, GEM supports multiple models of communication with a parameterized communication mechanism. Fourth, GEM is closely coupled to prototype real-time programming environments that provide programming support for the models of computation offered by the operating system. GEM is being used on a multiprocessor with robotics application software of substantial size and complexity.
Isotropic Diffraction-Limited Focusing Using a Single Objective Lens (2010)

Focusing a light beam through a lens produces an anisotropic spot elongated along the optical axis, because the light comes from only one side of the focal point. Using the time-reversal concept, we show that isotropic focusing can be realized by placing a mirror after the focal point and shaping the incident beam. This idea is applied to confocal microscopy and brings about a dramatic improvement of the axial resolution.
Sharing serendipity in the workplace (2000)

The Forum is a collaborative working environment that consists of two shared spaces: a space for informal interaction (Contact Space), and a workspace for synchronous meetings using audioconferencing support (Meeting Space). It is designed to enable people, who should meet each other to do so naturally, providing an environment for richer online interactions. This paper discusses three evaluations of the Forum Contact Space: a conceptual evaluation, a prototype evaluation, and an ethnographic evaluation. Each evaluation was undertaken to improve the Contact Space usability, examine whether it supports chance encounters, and learn from participant feedback, areas for improvement of future Forum versions.
Human emotion recognition using smart sensors : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, February 2012 (2012)

Emotions play a vital role in people’s everyday life. It is a mental state that does not arise through free will and is often accompanied by physiological changes. Therefore monitoring these changes is important as they are perceptions of emotional changes and can help in identifying matters of concern at an early stage before they become serious. Emotion recognition has become an important subject when it comes to human-machine interaction. Various methods have been used in the past to detect and evaluate human emotions. The most commonly used techniques include the use of textual information, facial expressions, speech, body gestures and physiological signals. In this project we have developed an emotion recognition system based on information provided by the physiological signals. These signals are obtained from a skin temperature sensor, a heart rate sensor, and a skin conductance sensor. The amplified and filtered signals from the sensors are input into the microcontroller where all the processing takes place. The microcontroller wirelessly transmits data to a computer where it is stored for data analyses and feature extraction for emotion recognition. The four basic emotions observed in this project are happy (excited), sad, angry and neutral (relaxed). The data has been collected from healthy individuals, including both male and female, with ages ranging from 18 to 72 years. K-means clustering algorithm has been used to cluster data into four groups (emotions). A graphical user interface (GUI) has been designed to communicate with the hardware as well as display real-time emotion(s) for the monitored period. The developed system has shown an overall emotion recognition rate of 86.25%.
Double‐Negative Mechanical Metamaterials Displaying Simultaneous Negative Stiffness and Negative Poisson's Ratio Properties (2016)

A scalable mechanical metamaterial simultaneously displaying negative stiffness and negative Poisson's ratio responses is presented. Interlocking hexagonal subunit assemblies containing 3 alternative embedded negative stiffness (NS) element types display Poisson's ratio values of -1 and NS values over two orders of magnitude (-1.4 N mm<sup>-1</sup> to -160 N mm<sup>-1</sup> ), in good agreement with model predictions.
Somatostatin analog Sandostatin and inhibition of tumor growth in patients with metastatic endocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors (1993)

A prospective study was performed to determine the efficacy of octreotide (Sandostatin; SMS 201-995) 200 micrograms tid in controlling tumor growth. The study included 21 patients with metastasized endocrine GEP tumors: 6 gastrinomas, 8 carcinoid syndromes, 7 nonfunctioning tumors. Treatment was performed for 3 to 59 months (median 15 months). Evaluation of the response to octreotide was facilitated in 12 patients by a pretreatment observation period of 3 to 47 months (median 17 months) during which the natural growth behavior was determined. Based on the presence or absence of a control period prior to treatment, 5 patients were considered to be responders, 7 as questionable responders (no pretreatment phase available), and 9 as nonresponders. None of the 21 patients had documented shrinkage of the tumor mass. The most favorable response was tumor standstill. In all but one responder an escape to an initially favorable response occurred after 6 to 28 months (median 14 months). Proved inhibition of growth was paralleled by a reduction of serum and urine hormone parameters, whereas unaltered progression of tumor growth was observed also in the presence of hormone suppression. Tumor growth and hormone release was inhibited in the absence and presence of somatostatin receptors on the tumor. It is concluded that octreotide exerts a limited effect on metastatic GEP tumor growth. The evaluation of a response to octreotide is facilitated by an observation period prior to the drug that provides information on growth characteristics of the tumor. The presence of octreotide receptors does not predict the success of therapy.
Progenitor cell therapies for traumatic brain injury: barriers and opportunities in translation (2009)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) directly affects nearly 1.5 million new patients per year in the USA, adding to the almost 6 million cases in patients who are permanently affected by the irreversible physical, cognitive and psychosocial deficits from a prior injury. Adult stem cell therapy has shown preliminary promise as an option for treatment, much of which is limited currently to supportive care. Preclinical research focused on cell therapy has grown significantly over the last decade. One of the challenges in the translation of this burgeoning field is interpretation of the promising experimental results obtained from a variety of cell types, injury models and techniques. Although these variables can become barriers to a collective understanding and to evidence-based translation, they provide crucial information that, when correctly placed, offers the opportunity for discovery. Here, we review the preclinical evidence that is currently guiding the translation of adult stem cell therapy for TBI.
Metabolism of dipeptides and their constituent amino acids by liver, gut, kidney, and muscle (1988)

Oligopeptides may enter the bloodstream from endogenous and exogenous sources. Using an organ-balance technique in conscious dogs, we investigated the role of individual organs in removal of two model oligopeptides (glycylleucine and glycylglycine) from plasma under steady-state conditions. Despite an identical infusion rate, arterial concentration of glycylglycine was twofold greater than that of glycylleucine. This appeared to be a result of greater fractional extraction of glycylleucine than glycylglycine by organs. Although all of the organs examined participated in removal of dipeptides from plasma, their roles varied. Liver, kidney, muscle, and gut accounted for the disappearance of 25, 24, 12, and 10% of the infused amount of glycylleucine, respectively. With glycylglycine as the substrate, disappearance across kidney accounted for 37% of the infused amount, whereas muscle, liver, and gut accounted for 18, 15, and 11%, respectively. Finally, we investigated glycine and leucine balances across organs with infusion of these amino acids in free and dipeptide forms. Glycine and leucine balances were uniquely more positive across muscle during the infusion of glycylleucine than the corresponding amino acid mixture. The possible mechanisms included release of products of glycylleucine hydrolysis by all organs except muscle. We conclude that molecular structure influences the organ extraction of dipeptides; if extraction, particularly by the liver, is not sufficiently rapid, kidney assumes a greater role than other organs in dipeptide removal from plasma.
Preparation and properties of polyethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites formed via ethylene copolymerization (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: In situ formation of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites is one of the prevalent preparation methods that include also solution blending and melt blending with regard to process simplification, economy in cost, environment protection and marked improvement in the mechanical properties of the polymeric matrix. In the work reported here, the preparation of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) and fabrication of polymer/clay nanocomposites were combined into a facile route by immobilizing pre‐catalysts for ethylene oligomerization on montmorillonite (MMT). RESULTS: [(2‐ArNC(Me)) 2 C 5 H 3 N]FeCl 2 (Ar = 2,4‐Me 2 (C 6 H 3 )) was supported on MMT treated using three different methods. The MMT‐supported iron complex together with metallocene compound rac ‐Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 catalyzed ethylene to LLDPE/MMT nanocomposites upon activation with methylaluminoxane. The oligomer that was formed between layers of MMT promoted further exfoliation of MMT layers. The LLDPE/MMT nanocomposites were highly stable upon heating. Detailed scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the marked improvement in impact strength of the LLDPE/MMT nanocomposites originated from the dispersed MMT layers which underwent cavitation upon impact and caused plastic deformation to absorb most of the impact energy. In general, the mechanical properties of the LLDPE/MMT nanocomposites were improved as a result of the uniform dispersion of MMT layers in the LLDPE matrix. CONCLUSION: The use of the MMT‐supported iron‐based diimine complex together with metallocene led to ethylene copolymerization between layers of MMT to form LLDPE/MMT nanocomposites. The introduction of exfoliated MMT layers greatly improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties of LLDPE. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Preliminary observations on the effects of stimulation of cardiac nerves in man (1985)

The dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves were stimulated in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. In no instance was an untoward effect produced in any of the patients. Stimulation of a cardiac nerve increased heart rate in eight patients and slowed heart rate in eight patients. In 12 patients stimulation of a cardiac nerve increased mean aortic pressure while in 8 patients it was decreased, even though the patients were supported by a total body perfusion pump. In 11 patients stimulation of a cardiac nerve resulted in a decrease in the coronary artery bypass graft flow, even though aortic pressure was unchanged or increased. These preliminary results suggest that individual cardiac nerves in the dorsal mediastinum of man may be capable of modifying heart rate, total peripheral vascular resistance, or coronary artery resistance. Furthermore, they demonstrate that stimulation of human dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves can be done without untoward effects and that such stimulations may be a means to investigate the complexity of neural regulation of the human heart.
Fault detection in robots using stochastic filtering (2002)

A monitoring scheme for detecting and isolating abrupt and tendentious faults is developed for industrial robots executing the same sequence of motion with the same load repeatedly. The first part of the monitoring system is an innovation-based fault detection system identifying the joint where the fault occurred. The second part is a fault isolation system which uses tests based on variance ratios to determine whether or not significant differences exist among the statistics of groups of observations, obtained by the realization of the cycle. The monitoring system is improved by using a better reference trajectory for linearization in each working cycle. The performance of the monitoring system was partly evaluated by computer simulation, using a two-joint robot manipulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Disruption of the DT Diaphorase (NQO1) Gene in Mice Leads to Increased Menadione Toxicity (1998)

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes two-electron reductive metabolism and detoxification of quinones and their derivatives leading to protection of cells against redox cycling and oxidative stress. To examine the in vivo role of NQO1, a NQO1-null mouse was produced using targeted gene disruption. Mice lacking NQO1 gene expression showed no detectable phenotype and were indistinguishable from wild-type mice. However, NQO1-null mice exhibited increased toxicity when administered menadione compared with wild-type mice. These results establish a role for NQO1 in protection against quinone toxicity. The NQO1-null mice are a model for NQO1 deficiency in humans and can be used to determine the role of this enzyme in sensitivity to toxicity and carcinogenesis.
Robust fault diagnosis using the model-based approach (1988)

Focuses on the state (or output) estimation approach to FDI. In particular, the interest is in the use of robust observers or robust state estimators which have the designed capability of discriminating between effects due to unknown inputs, disturbances and actual faults. There is always a difference between actual process parameters and those of the nominal model used in the observers (or Kalman filters). The effect of parameter variations obscures the effect of fault detection in that it acts like noise as a source of probable false alarms. The objective of this work is to provide an introduction to the subject of fault detection and isolation in dynamic systems so that the reader may know where to turn for definitions and for reference material. The authors provide an extensive historical review of the subject. Finally, they provide the basic mechanism of an FDI scheme based on the use of the so-called General Observer Scheme (GOS) for fault detection. Results are given to show the potential of the method when applied to a (simulated) nonlinear aircraft system. >
Projection Space Iteration Reconstruction-Reprojection (1985)

Recently, an iterative reconstruction-reprojection (IRR) algorithm has been suggested for application to limited view computed tomography (CT). In the IRR, the interpolation operation is performed in the object space during backprojection-reprojection. The errors associated with the interpolation degrade the reconstructed image and may cause divergence unless a large number of rays is used. In this paper, we propose a projection space iterative reconstruction-reprojection (PSIRR) algorithm based on backprojection-reprojection in the projection space. In the process of the backprojection-reprojection, iteration is performed with a single equation instead of multiple equations and interpolation is eliminated. Computer simulation results are presented, and image quality of the PSIRR algorithm shows a substantial improvement compared to the original IRR algorithm. In addition, the new algorithm was applied to ultrasonic attenuation CT using a sponge phantom.
Optimizing measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins. (1979)

Journal Article Optimizing measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins. Get access J Jongeneel, J Jongeneel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M van Wissen M van Wissen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 25, Issue 4, 1 April 1979, Page 642, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/25.4.642a Published: 01 April 1979
ChemInform Abstract: NONENZYMIC, BIOGENETIC‐LIKE CYCLIZATION OF A TETRAENIC ACETAL TO PRODUCE THE D‐HOMOSTEROID NUCLEUS (1974)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem durch Kondensation der Verbindungen (I) und (II) erhältlichen Dienin (III) wird das Tetraenacetal (IV) synthetisiert, das zu den epimeren Homosterc den (Va) und (Vb) cyclisiert wird.
Alzheimer's disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesis: An update and reappraisal (2006)

Here I recap the scientific and personal background of the delineation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease that I wrote with Gerry Higgins and the events leading to the writing of that influential review.
The high-frequency analogue performance of MOSFETs (2002)

The high-frequency (HF) behaviour of MOSFETs from different CMOS processes has been characterised. Small-signal Y-parameters and derived quantities such as current, voltage and power gain have been measured and good agreement with calculations using the Philips compact model, MOS MODEL 9, has been obtained. Using HF measurements on MOSFETs and bipolar devices, it is shown that the figures of merit, related to the gains mentioned above, are not sufficient to evaluate the HF capabilities of CMOS, BiCMOS and bipolar technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intelligent Object-Tracking using Sensor Networks (2007)

The idea of using sensor networks for monitoring events is to utilize the distributed nature provided by these tiny and low powered devices. Multiple sensors can be used collaboratively to monitor events or space more effectively than a single sensor. Several applications can be envisioned with sensor networks ranging from military to commercial applications to environment and earth sciences, such as, traffic monitoring of vehicles, military reconnaissance and surveillance, cross-border infiltration, habitat monitoring, to name a few. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for tracking a moving object in an environment with densely deployed sensing devices.
Field Coil for Magneto-Optic Switching: Capacitance Considerations (2008)

A tractable method for accurately predicting the parasitic capacitance of a field coil as part of an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometric switch based on Faraday rotation is reported. The effects of the wire insulation layer, inter-turn air gap as well as capacitive coupling to the four nearest adjacent turns are considered in predicting the effective parasitic capacitance for single-layer coils. The complex distributed capacitance network that results is resolved using Kron reduction to yield the equivalent shunt capacitance. Several coil configurations were designed and compared to experimental results. This new approach can be used in conjunction with existing expressions for inductance and loss to enable the complete and accurate <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">priori</i> design of field generating coils.
Fabrication of 200 to 2700 GHz multiplier devices using GaAs and metal membranes (2002)

Multiplier device fabrication techniques have been developed to enable robust implementation of monolithic circuits well into the THz frequency range. To minimize the dielectric loading of the waveguides, some circuits are realized entirely on a 3 /spl mu/m thick GaAs membrane with metal beamleads acting as RF probes and DC contact points. Other designs retain some thicker GaAs as a support and handling structure, allowing a membrane of bare metal or thin GaAs to be suspended across an input or output waveguide. Extensive use is made of selective etches, both reactive ion (RIE) and wet chemical, to maintain critical dimensions. Electron beam (e-beam) lithography provides the small contact areas required at the highest frequencies. Planar multiplier circuits for 200 GHz to 2700 GHz have been demonstrated using a variety of metal and GaAs membrane configurations made available by these fabrication techniques.
A New Evacuator. (1895)

Dexter, Iowa, June 9, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Having had occasion a few months since to use Bigelow's evacuator in doing the operation of litholapaxy, I discovered the instrument was sadly defective in the manner of the connection between the rubber bulb and the glass bulb for receiving the<i>débris</i>; it being made by securing the rim of the glass bulb to a metallic ring by means of plaster-of-Paris; this metallic ring being in turn adjusted to the metal connection of the lower end of the rubber bulb by means of a bayonet joint on one side only. After evacuating about half of the crushed stone from the bladder, I found that there was a large leak from the plaster-of-Paris joint, as well as a smaller one from the bayonet joint above. The leak increased so rapidly that in a few moments more the instrument became practically useless and I