gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security issues for wireless ATM networks (2002)

To be able to fulfil the need of the wireless ATM user, the system has to acquire features. One of the system features required for the wireless ATM is functionality, especially the security aspect. There is so far little, or no, security consideration in the development of the wireless ATM standard. Therefore a wide range of features in the security functions are under consideration. This paper defines the security features in wireless ATM networks considering those features existing in the fixed and wireless networks. It does not attempt to define the cryptographic system, but rather provide a template in making a cryptographic system for those required features.
CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System) Architecture in Korea (2008)

We present architecture for implementing independent, extensible, and interoperable clinical decision support service in perspective of EHR. In this architecture, components for implementing independent knowledge service and interface mechanism with EHR service or existing hospital information system are identified. In our architecture knowledge engine is critical component for implementing knowledge service. In this paper, we suggested interoperable CDSS(clinical decision support system) architecture and knowledge engine architecture.
Magnetic and Crystalline Behavior of Certain Oxide Systems with Spinel and Perovskite Structures (1954)

A series of substitutions have been performed on nickel ferrite where the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ is replaced, by varying amounts, with ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Y}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}$. ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$ went into solid solution with the nickel ferrite to form a spinel structure whose lattice constant ${a}_{0}$ increased linearly with increasing amounts of ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$ to a maximum value of 8.708A for 1.5 ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$ ions per molecule. At greater concentration of ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$, the starting materials appeared as a mixed phase with NiO\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{In}}_{1.5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The saturation magnetization (${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$), obtained by extrapolation to absolute zero, increased with increasing amounts of ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$, in a manner indicating that the ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$ ions preferred the A sites. In the case of ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{3+}$, an increased cell size was found which "leveled off" at ${a}_{0}=8.41\mathrm{A}$ for 0.75 ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{3+}$ ions per molecule. ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ decreased with increasing ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{3+}$ content and approached a compensation point similar to that found previously for the ${\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}$ substitution. It is concluded that trivalent metal ions having a rare gas electronic structure, by showing a preference for the $B$ sites, give rise to compensation points and the N\'eel $P$-type curves. The Curie temperatures for the substitution of ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{3+}$ show a nearly linear decrease with con-concentration but with slopes greater and less, respectively, than the slope of the single curve found previously to represent both the ${\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{3+}$ substitutions. The ${\mathrm{Y}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}$ substitutions resulted in a mixed solution of nickel ferrite and corresponding perovskite structures formed with ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$.
The importance of DNA methylation in prostate cancer development (2016)

After briefly reviewing the nature of DNA methylation, its general role in cancer and the tools available to interrogate it, we consider the literature surrounding DNA methylation as relating to prostate cancer. Specific consideration is given to recurrent alterations. A list of frequently reported genes is synthesized from 17 studies that have reported on methylation changes in malignant prostate tissue, and we chart the timing of those changes in the diseases history through amalgamation of several previously published data sets. We also review associations with genetic alterations and hormone signalling, before the practicalities of investigating prostate cancer methylation using cell lines are assessed. We conclude by outlining the interplay between DNA methylation and prostate cancer metabolism and their regulation by androgen receptor, with a specific discussion of the mitochondria and their associations with DNA methylation.
Subclade of Flavin-Monooxygenases Involved in Aliphatic Glucosinolate Biosynthesis (2008)

Glucosinolates (GSLs) are amino acid-derived secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities dependent on chemical modifications of the side chain. We previously identified the flavin-monooxygenase FMO(GS-OX1) as an enzyme in the biosynthesis of aliphatic GSLs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that catalyzes the S-oxygenation of methylthioalkyl to methylsulfinylalkyl GSLs. Here, we report the fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus for the S-oxygenating activity in Arabidopsis. In this region, there are three FMOs that, together with FMO(GS-OX1) and a fifth FMO, form what appears to be a crucifer-specific subclade. We report the identification of these four uncharacterized FMOs, designated FMO(GS-OX2) to FMO(GS-OX5). Biochemical characterization of the recombinant protein combined with the analysis of GSL content in knockout mutants and overexpression lines show that FMO(GS-OX2), FMO(GS-OX3), and FMO(GS-OX4) have broad substrate specificity and catalyze the conversion from methylthioalkyl GSL to the corresponding methylsulfinylalkyl GSL independent of chain length. In contrast, FMO(GS-OX5) shows substrate specificity toward the long-chain 8-methylthiooctyl GSL. Identification of the FMO(GS-OX) subclade will generate better understanding of the evolution of biosynthetic activities and specificities in secondary metabolism and provides an important tool for breeding plants with improved cancer prevention characteristics as provided by the methylsulfinylalkyl GSL.
[Hyperaldosteronism in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Effects of its treatment on the prevention of ventricular fibrillation]. (1984)

Many metabolic and hormonal changes are observed during the acute phase of myocardial infarction (glucose metabolism, lipoproteins...). Mineralocorticoid function may also be disturbed but there have been few studies of this problem. The aim of this study was to confirm the elevation of serum aldosterone during the acute phase of myocardial infarction and to determine the effects of antialdosterone treatment in these patients. Hyperaldosteronism was confirmed in 74% of 72 consecutive patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction, in 85% if patients previously treated by an antialdosterone drug or admitted after the acute phase are excluded, and in 96% if patients with cardiac failure are included. One thousand consecutive patients admitted for myocardial infarction were given an antialdosterone agent systematically (intravenous potassium canrenoate , 600 mg daily for 5 days). The serum and red blood cell potassium concentrations rose, the number of ventricular extrasystoles and the administration of anti-arrhythmic drugs fell, and, above all, the prevalence of ventricular fibrillation decreased significantly: 0,8% (p less than 0,001), compared with comparable previously reported series.
Development, significance, and heterogeneity of mast cells with particular regard to the mast cell-specific proteases chymase and tryptase (1997)

Mast cells are one of the major effector cells in the pathogenesis of the immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction in a number of non-allergic immune disorders as well as in normal physiological processes. In addition, it has been shown recently that mast cells also play a significant role in a life-saving host response to bacterial reactions. But as much as the immunopathological role of mast cells has been acknowledged, these cells have also aroused much controversy and confusion. By now it is clear that one explanation for the sometimes even contradictory opinions on mast cell function arise from mast cell heterogeneity. This heterogeneity can express itself as differences in histochemical, biochemical, and functional characteristics. In vitro systems provided a powerful tool for the investigation of the basic mechanisms for mast cell development and differentiation and helped to demonstrate that mast cell heterogeneity can be traced back to certain cytokine patterns that are present in different microenvironments. In this context it has also been shown that the growth factors required for human mast cell differentiation are somewhat different than those for rodents. In rodents, the atypical, T cell-dependent mucosal type mast cell can be distinguished from the T cell-independent connective tissue-type mast cell. In humans, the strict classification into mucosal and connective tissue-type mast cells is not possible and the content of mast cell-specific proteases chymase and tryptase is the main criterion for mast cell subtypes in humans. The large quantities of tryptase and chymase that are synthesized by mast cells suggest and emphasize the significance of these proteinases in mast cell function and stimulated investigations about the biological properties of these mast cell-specific proteases. Comparing their biological activities it becomes clear that they share some activities. On the other hand, tryptase seems to participate in proinflammatory mast cell function, whereas chymase seems to be more involved in inflammatory reactions. This review provides a short overview of the discovery, origin, development, and biological significance of mast cells and will then concentrate on mast cell heterogeneity in rodents and humans with respect to the mast cell proteases tryptase and chymase and their function.
X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES ON AMYLOID FILAMENTS (1968)

The filamentous protein component of amyloid-laden tissue was studied by x-ray diffraction procedures. The principal features of the x-ray pattern from nonoriented amyloid material consist of a sharp, intense ring at 4.75 Å overlaying a diffuse halo at 4.3 Å, and a broad and less intense ring at 9.8 Å. When oriented, the material gives a "cross-β" x-ray pattern. The x-ray findings are interpreted in terms of a "pleated sheet" structure formed by the amyloid polypeptide chain folding in a regular manner on itself such that adjacent chain segments are laterally arranged in an antiparallel manner. The x-ray patterns from oriented amyloid suggest further that the axes of the chain segments run transverse to the filament axis.
The Statistical Analyses of Base Elements for E.coli Coding Sequences (2000)

code starting sequences and 1 307 code terminal sequences of E.coli are compiled and 6 base modes, 4 base modes and 3 base modes in the two regions are counted. It is found that there is a good linear relation between the logarithm of 6 base mode number and its relative frequency (RF); most 4 base modes and 3 base modes are in the region of RF2 . The most appeared base elements in coding region is poly A; the base modes in code starting region and code-terminal region have distinct differences; the base modes of GGA category in code starting region are rare modes, but these modes are optimum in SD region. In coding region, TAG and CTA modes are forbidden. In addition, the relative frequencies of 4 base and 3 base modes have distinct relation with the gene expression level, the relative frequencies of most base elements which have high RF value are increased when the gene expressed level is raised.
Metastatic potential of tumor-initiating cells in solid tumors (2010)

The lethality of cancer is mainly caused by its properties of metastasis, drug resistance, and subsequent recurrence. Understanding the mechanisms governing these properties and developing novel strategies to overcome them will greatly improve the survival of cancer patients. Recent findings suggest that tumors are comprised of heterogeneous cell populations, and only a small fraction of these are tumorigenic with the ability to self-renew and produce phenotypically diverse tumor cell populations. Cells in this fraction are called tumor-initiating cells (TICs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs). TICs have been identified from many types of cancer. They share several similarities with normal adult stem cells including sphere-forming ability, self-renewability, and expression of stem cell surface markers and transcription factors. TICs have also been proposed to be responsible for cancer metastasis, however, scarce evidence for their metastatic potential has been provided. In this review article, we have attempted to summarize the studies which have examined the metastatic potential of TICs in solid tumors.
University for railwaymen (1949)

South Africa's Railway Staff College at Esselen Park is approaching completion. Within three years, if labour and building materials permit, this training centre, 20 miles from both Pretoria and Johannesburg, will be operating at its full planned capacity. Even now 250 trainees are under instruction in buildings, magnificent for their purpose, already erected. In addition, 920 other students are being taught at Kroonstad, in the Orange Free State, where they are temporarily housed in a former R.A.F. training camp until the Esselen Park College is ready for them. Eventually- 1,200 students will undergo the training at this university for railwaymen which, for completeness and breadth of planning vision, excels any similar establishment in any other part of the world.
Five-membered rings. II. Inter and intramolecular reactions of simple amines with <i>N</i>-substituted phthalimides. Methylamine as a reagent for removal of a phthaloyl group from nitrogen (1970)

A reexamination of the literature on inter and intramolecular reactions of amines with N-substituted phthalimides has led to the demonstration that methylamine is a convenient reagent for removal of a phthaloyl protecting group from nitrogen at room temperature. Application of this procedure (first described in 1896) to the Gabriel synthesis of primary amines and to peptide synthesis is recommended. The simplicity of the reaction is a consequence of the consecutive occurrence of two unexpectedly rapid processes: (1) methylaminolysis of one of the imide bonds; (2) intramolecular catalysis, by an N-methylamido group, of the hydrolysis or aminolysis of an adjacent phthalamido linkage.Some unsuccessful attempts to prepare 2-aminoethylphthalimide are also described.
Radioactive Mercury Distribution in Biological Fluids and Excretion in Human Subjects after Inhalation of Mercury Vapor (1978)

The distribution of mercury in red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma, and its excretion in urine and feces are described in five human subjects during the first 7 days following inhalation of radioactive mercury vapor. A major portion (98%) of radioactive mercury in whole blood is initially accumulated in the RBCs and is transferred partly to the plasma compartment until the ratio of mercury in RBCs to plasma is about 2 within 20 hr. The cumulative urinary and fecal excretion of mercury for 7 days is about 11.6% of the retained dose, and is closely related to the percent decline in body burden of mercury. There is little correlation between either the urinary excretion and plasma radioactivity of mercury, or the specific activities of urine and plasma mercury, suggesting a mechanism other than a direct glomercular filtration involved in the urinary excretion of recently exposed mercury. These studies suggest that blood mercury levels can be used as an index of recent exposure, while urinary levels may be an index of renal concentration of mercury. Howver, there is no reliable index for mercury concentration in the brain.
Immune response to stage-specific surface antigens of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis. (1981)

Rats were infected with the nematode Trichinella spiralis and the primary serum antibody response to antigenic surface proteins of infective larvae, intestinal worms, and newborn larvae was studies. 1 wk after infection, the sera contained antibodies to surface antigens of both infective larvae and intestinal worms. These early sera, however, failed to react with newborn larvae surface antigens. In addition, adsorption of sera with living intestinal worms or infective larvae removed antibodies to surface antigens of the homologous stage only. Finally, the time-course of appearance of antibodies that mediate eosinophil adherence to the surface of each stage of the parasite. We concluded that in a primary infection in rats, the surface proteins of T. spiralis used in this study are antigenically stage specific. Furthermore, they could be targets for the stage-specific, antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated destruction of this parasite, known to occur in vitro.
Prevalence and predictors of abnormal glucose metabolism in Mediterranean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2009)

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in American studies. However, whether rates are similar in other countries with a lower frequency of insulin resistance is not clear. Our purpose was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) in women with PCOS and asses the ability of clinical data and biochemical tests to predict these abnormalities within our population. One hundred and three PCOS women undergo a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose tolerance was categorised according to World Health Organisation criteria. Glucose tolerance was abnormal in 18.5% of women: 10.7% had IGT and 7.7% had DM. Women with DM were older than those with IGT or normal glucose tolerance. Women with AGM were more obese, had a higher waist/hip ratio and free testosterone levels than normal glucose metabolism patients. QUICKI was the best predictor of AGM. Receiver operating characteristics analysis suggested a threshold value of 0.31 in quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (94.1% sensitivity, 86% specificity, 57.1 positive predictive value and 98.6 negative predictive value) for the prediction of AGM. In conclusion, Mediterranean women with PCOS are at lower risk of AGM than that published from other countries; however, the incidence is still high compared with populations of women without PCOS. We recommend that PCOS patients undergo periodic metabolic screening for AGM using QUICKI.
Chemosensory Cell Function in the Behavior and Development of Caenorhabditis elegans (1990)

Chemosensation enables organisms to detect food, predators, potential mates, and other indicators of environmental quality. Organisms ranging in complexity from bacteria to mammals identify chemicals as attractants or repellents and modify their behaviors accordingly (Adler 1975). In bacteria, the identity and regulation of chemosensory receptors has been elegantly elucidated (Koshland 1988; Simon et al. 1989). More recently, chemosensory cAMP receptors in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (Klein et al. 1988) and pheromone receptors in yeast (Burkholder and Hartwell 1985; Hagen et al. 1986) have been identified. Less is known about the molecules and mechanisms of chemosensation in metazoan organisms.
The Stoichiometric Transition from Zn6Cu1-Metallothionein to Zn7-Metallothionein Underlies the Up-regulation of Metallothionein (MT) Expression (2012)

We examined the profiling of gene expression of metallothioneins (MTs) in human tissues from cadaver eyes with microarray-based analysis. All MT1 isoforms, with the exception of MT1B, were abundantly expressed in lens and corneal tissue. Along with MT1B, MT4 was not detected in any tissues. Antibodies to MT1/2 labeled the corneal epithelial and endothelial cells, whereas MT3 label the retinal ganglion cells. We studied the effects of zinc and cytokines on the gene expression of MT isoforms in a corneal epithelial cell line (HCEsv). Zinc exerted an up-regulation of the expression of MT isoforms, and this effect was further potentiated in the presence of IL1α or TNFα. Zinc also elicited a strong down-regulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and this effect was blocked in the presence of TNFα or IL1α. The concentration of MTs, bound zinc, and the metal stoichiometry of MTs in cultured HCEsv were determined by mass spectrometry. The total concentration of MTs was 0.24 ± 0.03 μM and, after 24 h of zinc exposure, increased to 0.96 ± 0.01 μM. The combination of zinc and IL1α further enhanced the level of MTs to 1.13 ± 0.03 μM. The average metal stoichiometry of MTs was Zn(6)Cu(1)-MT, and after exposure to the different treatments, it changed to Zn(7)-MT. Actinomycin D blocked transcription, and cycloheximide attenuated synthesis of MTs in the presence or absence of zinc, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Overall the data provide molecular and analytical evidence on the interplay between zinc, MTs, and proinflammatory cytokines in HCEsv cells, with potential implications on cell-based inflammatory eye diseases.
High-Resolution Real-Time Radiography (RTR) System Design. (1987)

Abstract : A high-resolution real-time radiography (RTR) system was designed for aerospace component x-ray inspections in the 20 to 300 kV range. Particulate and glass x-ray converters, image intensifiers, and video camera components were performance tested for resolution greater than 10 lp/mm, dynamic range greater tha 1000, contrast sensitivity of 1%, and image size of 12 x12 in. A breadboard RTR system, constructed with optimized components, produced 1024 x 1024 pixels per image with 8 bits per pixel. Computer controlled optical zooming achieved horizontal fields of view from 12.8 to 0.5 in. and corresponding resolutions of 3 to 80 pixels mm. Conceptual high-resolution RTR prototype systems were designed using the test results. Keywords: Real-time radiography; Display screens; X-ray converters.
Completion and Stimulation Practices in the Prolific Cotton Valley Reef Trend of East Texas (1998)

Abstract Over the last several years there has been a highly competitive and active exploration effort focused on the discovery of gas reserves from the Upper Jurassic Cotton Valley Lime (Haynesville) interval in the East Texas Basin. The primary exploration objectives along this carbonate platform are overpressured sour gas Cotton Valley reefs. The frantic land, 3D seismic, and drilling activity have been fueled by some outstanding early results. Initial results drove expectations for the play to unrealistically high levels that included average per well reserves of 70+ Bcf, initial potentials above 25 MMcf/d, and a chance of success using 3D seismic of better than 65% 1-4. As the play has matured and industry's knowledge has increased, these lofty expectations have significantly fallen, but overall trend statistics remain attractive. Recently, in an effort to improve the economics of the play, large hydraulic fracture treatments have been routinely incorporated in the completion of these wells. However, the stimulations have been largely unsuccessful for several reasons. These include high treatment costs, high fracture gradients, the lack of a primary horizontal stress direction, a highly heterogeneous reservoir, poor barriers to fracture height growth, and poor initial estimates of key reservoir parameters. Proper reservoir characterization, depletion of reservoir pressure prior to stimulation, and application of horizontal drilling are offered as possible completion alternatives.