gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic delay for superficial and deep endometriosis in the United Kingdom (2019)

A Cross-sectional study was undertaken at a specialist centre in the United Kingdom investigating duration and causes of delay in the diagnosis of endometriosis. One hundred and one women completed a self-reported questionnaire containing 20 items about their psychosocial, symptoms and experiences. The statistical analysis included a Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test. A <i>p</i> value of .05 was considered statistically significant. The Spearman's rank correlation was also calculated. Overall, there was a median delay of 8 years (Q1-Q3: 3-14) from the onset of symptoms to a diagnosis of endometriosis. Factors such as menstrual cramps in adolescence, presence of rectovaginal endometriosis, normalisation of pain and the attitudes of health professionals contributed to a delayed diagnosis (<i>p</i> values<.05). There was a negative correlation indicating the earlier the onset of symptoms, the greater the delay to diagnosis (Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient -0.63, <i>p</i><.01). The results of this study highlight a considerable diagnostic delay associated with endometriosis and the need for clinician education and public awareness.Impact statement<b>What is already known on this subject?</b> The diagnostic delay of 7-9 years with endometriosis has been reported globally. In an effort to standardise surgical treatment, improve outcomes, and shorten delays specialist endometriosis centres were introduced in 2011. There has been no recent quality improvement assessment since the establishment of such centres.<b>What do the results of this study add?</b> This is the most recent evaluation in the United Kingdom since the introduction of specialist endometriosis centres. There is a considerable diagnostic delay associated endometriosis in the United Kingdom with a median of 8 years. The delays seem not to have improved over the last two decades. We have identified medical and psychosocial factors that may contribute to such delays. These include factors such as menstrual cramps in adolescence, presence of rectovaginal endometriosis, normalisation of pain and attitudes of health professionals contribute to a delayed diagnosis.<b>What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research?</b> The results of this study, highlight the need for clinician education and public awareness to decrease the long term-morbidity and complications that result from untreated endometriosis.
Stimulation by interferon of induction of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells. (1980)

Abstract Mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells were induced to differentiate in vitro into macrophages and granulocytes by various inducers, such as differentiation stimulating factor (D-factor) in conditioned medium of mouse peritoneal macrophages and mouse embryo cells, dexamethasone, lipopolysaccharide, and polyinosinic acid. Interferon, which was prepared from M1 cells treated with copolymer of polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids and purified by anti-interferon antibody column chromatography, did not itself induce differentiation of M1 cells, but it enhanced the induction of differentiation by D-factor, lipopolysaccharide, or polyinosinic acid. Interferon did not stimulate differentiation of the cells by another inducer, dexamethasone. Interferon alone could induce lysozyme activity in M1 cells. The effects of interferon and D-factor or dexamethasone on induction of the lysozyme activity were synergistic. Sera from mice given injections of the copolymer of polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids, containing interferon and D-factor, induced the differentiation of all M1 clone cells, including R-4 and DR-3 clone cells that cannot be induced to differentiate by D-factor alone. The degree of inhibition of cell growth by interferon varied in different clones of cells. Growth of three clones, clones R-1, R-4, and DR-3, that are resistant to inducers of differentiation, was inhibited more than was that of three other clones, S-1, T-22, and B-24, that respond to inducers.
The Genetic Basis of a Flower Color Polymorphism in the Common Morning Glory (Ipomoea purpurea) (2003)

The common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) is highly polymorphic for flower color. Part of this phenotypic variation is due to allelic variation at the P locus. This locus determines whether flowers will be purple or pink, where purple is dominant to pink. We have determined that the anthocyanin biosynthetic gene flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h) corresponds to the P locus. In the pink allele of f3'h there is a large insertion in the third exon, which results in the production of a truncated transcript. This shortened transcript produces a nonfunctional F3'H enzyme, resulting in the production of pink flowers rather than purple. In addition, we describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay that can be used to determine the genotype of a plant at this locus.
Antioxidant Properties of Humic Substances (2012)

Humic substances (HS) are heterogeneous, redox-active organic macromolecules. While electron transfer to and from HS under reducing conditions is well investigated, comparatively little is known on the electron donating (i.e., antioxidant) properties of HS under oxic conditions. In this work, the electron donating capacities (EDCs) of terrestrial and aquatic HS were quantified by mediated electrochemical oxidation over a wide range of pH values and applied redox potentials (E(h)) using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as an electron transfer mediator. Electrochemical oxidation of three model humic acids (HAs) was largely irreversible, and the EDCs of these HAs increased with increasing E(h) and pH. These results suggest that HS contain a wide variety of moieties that are oxidized at different potentials and that, upon oxidation, release protons and undergo irreversible follow-up reactions. At a given pH and E(h), the EDCs of the HS correlated well with their titrated phenol contents suggesting phenolic moieties as major electron donating groups in HS. Comparing the EDCs of 15 HS with their electron accepting capacities (EACs), aquatic HS had higher EDCs and lower EACs than terrestrial HS of comparable aromaticities. These results indicate that oxidative transformation of HS in the environment results in a depletion of electron donating phenolic moieties with antioxidant properties relative to the electron accepting quinone moieties.
Studies on the chemical basis of the antigenicity of proteins. 1. Antigenicity of polypeptidyl gelatins (1960)

Most proteins have been tested for antigenicity, and practically all have been found to be antigenic, though to a varying extent. Although antigens of non-protein nature are also known, the proteins seem to be the most abundant and important antigenic substances yet studied. It is the purpose of this series of investigations to try to establish some correlation between the chemical nature of the protein antigens and their immunological activity.
Redox cycling of anthracyclines by cardiac mitochondria. I. Anthracycline radical formation by NADH dehydrogenase. (1986)

In the present study we have used beef heart submitochondrial preparations (BH-SMP) to demonstrate that a component of mitochondrial Complex I, probably the NADH dehydrogenase flavin, is the mitochondrial site of anthracycline reduction. During forward electron transport, the anthracyclines doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and daunorubicin acted as one-electron acceptors for BH-SMP (i.e. were reduced to semiquinone radical species) only when NADH was used as substrate; succinate and ascorbate were without effect. Inhibitor experiments (rotenone, amytal, piericidin A) indicated that the anthracycline reduction site lies on the substrate side of ubiquinone. Doxorubicin and daunorubicin semiquinone radicals were readily detected by ESR spectroscopy. Doxorubicin and daunorubicin semiquinone radicals (g congruent to 2.004, signal width congruent to 4.5 G) reacted avidly with molecular oxygen, presumably to produce O2-, to complete the redox cycle. The identification of Complex I as the site of anthracycline reduction was confirmed by studies of ATP-energized reverse electron transport using succinate or ascorbate as substrates, in the presence of antimycin A or KCN respiratory blocks. Doxorubicin and daunorubicin inhibited the reduction of NAD+ to NADH during reverse electron transport. Furthermore, during reverse electron transport in the absence of added NAD+, doxorubicin and daunorubicin addition caused oxygen consumption due to reduction of molecular oxygen (to O2-) by the anthracycline semiquinone radicals. With succinate as electron source both thenoyltrifluoroacetone (an inhibitor of Complex II) and rotenone blocked oxygen consumption, but with ascorbate as electron source only rotenone was an effective inhibitor. NADH oxidation by doxorubicin during BH-SMP forward electron transport had a KM of 99 microM and a Vmax of 30 nmol X min-1 X mg-1 (at pH 7.4 and 23 degrees C); values for daunorubicin were 71 microM and 37 nmol X min-1 X mg-1. Oxygen consumption at pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C exhibited KM values of 65 microM for doxorubicin and 47 microM for daunorubicin, and Vmax values of 116 nmol X min-1 X mg-1 for doxorubicin and 114 nmol X min-1 X mg-1 for daunorubicin. In marked contrast with these results, 5-iminodaunodrubicin (a new anthracycline with diminished cardiotoxic potential) exhibited little or no tendency to undergo reduction, or to redox cycle with BH-SMP. Redox cycling of anthracyclines by mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase is shown, in the accompanying paper (Doroshow, J. H., and Davies, K. J. A. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 3068-3074), to generate O2-, H2O2, and OH which may underlie the cardiotoxicity of these antitumor agents.
Node Criticality Computation for Circuit Timing Analysis and Optimization under NBTI Effect (2008)

For sub-65 nm technology nodes, Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) has become a primary limiting factor of circuit lifetime. During the past few years, researchers have spent considerable and continuous efforts on modeling and characterization of NBTI-caused delay degradation at different design levels. Searching for solutions which can effectively reduce NBTI impact on circuit delay is still under way. In this work, we use node criticality computation to drive NBTI aware timing analysis and optimization. Circuits after being applied this optimization flow show strong resistance to NBTI delay degradation. Particularly, for the first time, we propose node criticality computation algorithm under the NBTI aware timing analysis and optimization framework and give answers to the following questions which have not been answered yet. They are: (1) how to define node criticality in a circuit under NBTI effect; (2) how to find the critical nodes which once are protected NBTI timing degradation will be effectively reduced. Experimental results show that by protecting the critical nodes found by this framework, circuit delay degradation can be reduced by up to 50%.
CATEDRA ESPECIAL DOCTOR NABOR CARRILLO (1986)

LA FI, A TRAVES DE SU H. CONSEJO TECNICO, CONVOCA A LOS PROFESORES DE CARRERA DE ESA DEPENDENCIA A PRESENTAR SOLICITUDES PARA OCUPAR POR UN ANO LA CATEDRA ESPECIAL DOCTOR NABOR CARRILLO.
Reaccessing an Occluded Radial Artery: A “Proximal Entry” Technique (2011)

Radial artery occlusion (RAO) is an infrequent but important consequence of transradial access. It prevents subsequent use of the same radial artery for coronary angiography and intervention. We describe a new "proximal entry" technique in 3 cases of RAO, which allowed successful completion of the procedures. This technique should add to the armamentarium of a radial operator allowing for reaccessing the radial artery. (J Interven Cardiol 2011;24:378-381).
Exploring networks-on-chip for FPGAs (2021)

Developments in fabrication processes have shifted the cost ratio between wires and transistors to allow new trade-offs between computation and communication. Rising clock speeds have lead to multi-cycle cross-chip communication and pipelined buses. It is then a small step from pipelining to switching and the development of multi-core networked systems-on-chip. Modern FPGAs are also now home to complex systems-on-chip. A change in the way we structure the computation demands a change in the way we structure the communication on-chip. This thesis looks at Network-on-Chip design for FPGAs beyond the trade-offs between hard (silicon) and soft (configurable) designs. FPGAs are capable of extremely flexible, statically routed bit-based wiring, but this flexibility comes at a high area, latency and power cost. Soft NoCs are able to maintain this flexibility, but do not necessarily make good use of the computation-communication trade-off. Hard NoCs are more efficient when used, but are forced to operate below capacity by the soft IP cores. It is also difficult to design hard NoCs with the flexibility needed without wasting silicon when the network is not used. In the first part of this thesis I explore the capability of Time-Division Multiplexed (TDM) wiring to bridge the gap between the fine-grain static FPGA wiring and the bus-based dynamic routing of a NoC. By replacing some of the static FPGA wiring with TDM wiring I am able to time division multiplex hard routers and make better use of the non-configurable area. The cost of a hard network is reduced by moving some of the area cost from the routers into reusable TDM wiring components. The TDM wiring improves the interface between the hard routers and soft IP blocks which leads to higher logic density overall. I show that TDM wiring makes hard routers a flexible and efficient alternative to soft interconnect. The second part of this thesis looks at the feasibility of replacing all static wiring on the FPGA with TDM wiring. The aim was to increase the routing capacity of the FPGA whilst decreasing the area used to implement it. An ECAD flow was developed to explore the extent to which the amount of wiring can be reduced. The results were then used to design the TDM circuitry. My results show that an 80% reduction in the amount of wiring is possible though time-division multiplexing. This reduction is sufficient to increase the routing capacity of the FPGA whilst maintaining similar or better logic density. This TDM wiring can be used to implement area and power-efficient hard networks-on-chip with good flexibility, as well as improving the performance of other hard IP blocks.
Microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>prepared by inverse-microemulsion process (2001)

Abstract Microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3, BZN, materials have been improved by using inverse-microemulsion process for preparing the BZN powders. The as-prepared powders, which are amorphous clusters about 100 nm in size, can be converted directly into pure perovskite phase without forming intermediate or secondary phase. BZN materials with high enough density (94% T.D.) can be obtained by sintering the materials at 1400°C for 24 h. Thus prepared BZN samples exhibit very good microwave dielectric properties, Qxf=15500 GHz. Keywords: BZNmicrowave dielectricsinverse-microemulsion
Identification of Lymphomyeloid Primitive Progenitor Cells in Fresh Human Cord Blood and in the Marrow of Nonobese Diabetic–Severe Combined Immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) Mice Transplanted with Human CD34+ Cord Blood Cells (1999)

Transplantation of genetically marked donor cells in mice have unambiguously identified individual clones with full differentiative potential in all lymphoid and myeloid pathways. Such evidence has been lacking in humans because of limitations inherent to clonal stem cell assays. In this work, we used single cell cultures to show that human cord blood (CB) contains totipotent CD34(+) cells capable of T, B, natural killer, and granulocytic cell differentiation. Single CD34(+) CD19(-)Thy1(+) (or CD38(-)) cells from fresh CB were first induced to proliferate and their progeny separately studied in mouse fetal thymic organotypic cultures (FTOCs) and cocultures on murine stromal feeder layers. 10% of the clones individually analyzed produced CD19(+), CD56(+), and CD15(+) cells in stromal cocultures and CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells in FTOCs, identifying totipotent progenitor cells. Furthermore, we showed that totipotent clones with similar lymphomyeloid potential are detected in the bone marrow of nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice transplanted 4 mo earlier with human CB CD34(+) cells. These results provide the first direct demonstration that human CB contains totipotent lymphomyeloid progenitors and transplantable CD34(+) cells with the ability to reconstitute, in the marrow of recipient mice, the hierarchy of hematopoietic compartments, including a compartment of functional totipotent cells. These experimental approaches can now be exploited to analyze mechanisms controlling the decisions of such primitive human progenitors and to design conditions for their ampification that can be helpful for therapeutic purposes.
Message analysis-guided allocation and low-pause incremental garbage collection in a concurrent language (2004)

We present a memory management scheme for a concurrent programming language where communication occurs using message-passing with copying semantics. The runtime system is built around process-local heaps, which frees the memory manager from redundant synchronization in a multithreaded implementation and allows the memory reclamation of process-local heaps to be a private business and to often take place without garbage collection. The allocator is guided by a static analysis which speculatively allocates data possibly used as messages in a shared memory area. To respect the (soft) real-time requirements of the language, we develop a generational, incremental garbage collection scheme tailored to the characteristics of this runtime system. The collector imposes no overhead on the mutator, requires no costly barrier mechanisms, and has a relatively small space overhead. We have implemented these schemes in the context of an industrial-strength implementation of a concurrent functional language used to develop large-scale, highly concurrent, embedded applications. Our measurements across a range of applications indicate that the incremental collector substantially reduces pause times, imposes only very small overhead on the total runtime, and achieves a high degree of mutator utilization.
Wafer testing with pairwise comparisons (2003)

A novel diagnosis scheme is proposed for wafer testing, in which the test access port of each die is utilized to perform comparison tests on its neighbors. A probabilistic diagnosis algorithm is presented, which correctly identifies almost all dies, even when the probability of failure of a die is larger than 0.5. The algorithm is shown to be particularly suitable for constant degree structures, such as rectangular and octagonal grids. The algorithm is designed for wafer scale structures, where the boundary dies do not have a complete regular structure. The algorithm also allows for the fault coverage of the tests to be imperfect. In addition, diagnosis is done locally. Both the test time and the diagnosis time are invariant with respect to the number of dies on the wafer. The algorithm can also tolerate some systematic errors. The dies are tested in parallel with this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An image multiresolution representation for lossless and lossy compression (1996)

We propose a new image multiresolution transform that is suited for both lossless (reversible) and lossy compression. The new transformation is similar to the subband decomposition, but can be computed with only integer addition and bit-shift operations. During its calculation, the number of bits required to represent the transformed image is kept small through careful scaling and truncations. Numerical results show that the entropy obtained with the new transform is smaller than that obtained with predictive coding of similar complexity. In addition, we propose entropy-coding methods that exploit the multiresolution structure, and can efficiently compress the transformed image for progressive transmission (up to exact recovery). The lossless compression ratios are among the best in the literature, and simultaneously the rate versus distortion performance is comparable to those of the most efficient lossy compression methods.
Looking at proteins: representations, folding, packing, and design. Biophysical Society National Lecture, 1992. (1992)

Looking at proteins is an active process of interpretation and selection, emphasizing some features and deleting others. Multiple representations are needed, for such purposes as showing motions or conveying both the chain connectivity and the three-dimensional shape simultaneously. In studying and comparing protein structures, ideas are suggested about the determinants of tertiary structure and of folding (e.g., that Greek key beta barrels may fold up two strands at a time). The design and synthesis of new proteins "from scratch" provides a route toward the experimental testing of such ideas. It has also been a fruitful new perspective from which to look at structures, requiring such things as statistics on very narrowly defined structural categories and explicit attention to "negative design" criteria that actively block unwanted alternatives (e.g., reverse topology of a helix bundle, or edge-to-edge aggregation of beta sheets). Recently, the field of protein design has produced a rather unexpected general result: apparently we do indeed know enough to successfully design proteins that fold into approximately correct structures, but not enough to design unique, native-like structures. The degree of order varies considerably, but even the best designed material shows multiple conformations by NMR, more similar to a "molten globule" folding intermediate than to a well ordered native tertiary structure. In response to this conclusion, we are now working on systems that test useful questions with approximate structures (such as determining which factors most influence the choice of helix-bundle topology) and also analyzing how natural proteins achieve unique core conformations (e.g., for side chains on the interior side of a beta sheet, illustrated in the kinemages).
Dynamically stable polarization characteristics of oxide-confinement vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers grown on GaAs(311)A substrate (2002)

We experimentally demonstrated that the polarization mode of a VCSEL can be well controlled even under direct modulation by using the optical anisotropy of (n11)-oriented QWs. A schematic diagram is shown of a (311)A-oriented VCSEL with an oxide confinement structure. The epitaxial layer was grown on a GaAs(311)A substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. The active region consists of In/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As double quantum wells centered in a single-wavelength-thick Al/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As cavity. The upper and bottom DBR mirrors consist of a 25- and 22.5-pair AlAs/GaAs quarter-wave stack, respectively. A typical L-I characteristic is shown under continuous wave (CW) operation at 25/spl deg/C. The threshold current is 1.0 mA, and the lasing wavelength is around 990 nm.