gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide and CpG DNA synergize for tumor necrosis factor-α production through activation of NF-κB (2001)

Unmethylated CpG motifs in bacterial DNA (CpG DNA) activate host innate immune responses synergistically with some other microbial products, such as endotoxins, and may contribute to disease pathogenesis through excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines. Because monocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is an important mediator of disease, we investigated whether CpG DNA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synergize for inducing TNF-alpha biosynthesis. CpG DNA and LPS synergistically induce TNF-alpha production in RAW264.7 cells and J774 cells through activation of NF-kappaB. Furthermore, transient transfection with a super-repressive mutant of IkappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha-AA) demonstrated that NF-kappaB plays a critical role in CpG DNA-mediated TNF-alpha expression. Like NF-kappaB activation, CpG DNA-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) regulates TNF-alpha production. Both extracellular receptor kinase (ERK) and p38 can regulate TNF-alpha gene transcription induced by CpG DNA. Although CpG DNA at the higher concentration slightly enhanced LPS-mediated phosphorylation of ERK, it did not alter the LPS-mediated activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38. In addition, CpG DNA showed little or no enhancement of LPS-mediated AP-1 activation. These results suggest that CpG DNA- and LPS-mediated signals converge at or above the level of NF-kappaB and ERK, and that there are distinct, as well as common, signaling pathways which are utilized by both CpG DNA and LPS for activating various transcription factors and MAPK.
Form-based localization of the destination address block on complex envelopes (2002)

Address block localization on mail pieces is an important task in postal automation. Unlike personal letters, business letters or postcards which have a high degree of global spatial structure among a limited number of entities, mail pieces of magazines and advertising do not have a preferred position of the address block which can be pasted in an arbitrary position and orientation. Items packaged in clear plastic, allowing the underlying print to show through, may cause further problems, as well as graphics, pictures and other printed text on such covers which also make the address block localization more complicated. In this paper, we present an approach for automatically locating the address block on covers of magazines, advertising letters and newspapers based on the recognition of the structure of a German address. First, we use a thresholding technique to decompose the image into smaller blocks. Then, these blocks are classified into characters and large characters. Afterwards blocks are searched which might be a corner of an address block. Starting from these blocks adjacent blocks are combined to connected regions line by line. These regions are candidates for an address block and are assessed in the last step. Heuristic rules and typical features are used to identify the correct destination address block among these candidates. Experimental results using images of different magazines, newspapers and advertising letters are given. Performance and speed are also indicated.
Characterization of novel rhodium(II) dimers with N-phenylacetamido bridging ligands (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of novel rhodium(II) dimers with N-phenylacetamido bridging ligandsJ. Duncan, T. Malinski, T. P. Zhu, Z. S. Hu, K. M. Kadish, and J. L. BearCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 20, 5507–5509Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00384a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00384a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correction Factors for the Determination of Oxygen in Silicon by IR Spectrometry (1989)

In order to achieve a high multilaboratory precision in measuring the oxygen content in CZ silicon slices and wafers by means of IR absorption spectroscopy various deviations from ideal measurement conditions are discussed and correction methods are presented. The main sources for measurement errors exceeding ± 1% standard deviation are: the radiation scattering at rough wafer reverse sides, the sample temperature during the measurement, the free carrier absorption if the carrier concentration exceeds 1015 cm−3, and the residual oxygen concentration in the reference sample if this consists of a common FZ silicon material. Less important are thickness deviations between sample and reference, spectral resolution, and instrumental errors for modern spectrometers. After applying all corrections, a multilaboratory precision in dispersive spectrometers of is expected for both sides polished 2 mm thick silicon slices and one‐side polished silicon wafers, respectively.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Haloindoles:  No Need for Protecting Groups (2003)

[reaction: see text] For the first time, palladium-catalyzed carbonylations of unprotected bromoindoles have been performed successfully with different N- and O-nucleophiles. Various indole carboxylic acid derivatives are accessible in excellent yield. For example, aminocarbonylation of 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-bromoindole with arylethylpiperazines provides a direct one-step synthesis for CNS active amphetamine derivatives.
A reversible code over GF(q) (1986)

This paper deals with the construction of codes over GF(q), q prime, by annexing two triangular matrices, one upper triangular and the other lower triangular.The error-correction capabilities of such codes are also studied.
Deaminoteicoplanin and its derivatives. Synthesis, antibacterial activity, and binding strength to Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala (1989)

Teicoplanin and its acid hydrolysis products were deaminated with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOS). A few amides of these deaminoteicoplanins were also prepared. The loss of the terminal amino group reduces in vitro activity against staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria to one-half to one-third, while binding strength to Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala, measured by differential UV spectroscopy, is reduced to one-tenth that of teicoplanin. The in vitro activity is further reduced by the presence of serum, and this is attributable to the increased lipophilicity and total negative charge of the deamino compounds. Comparison of UV spectra of deaminoteicoplanins with those of parent compounds made it possible to single out the most acid phenol group of teicoplanin aglycon (OH-4; pK = 8.2).
Life cycle assessment of a biomass gasification combined-cycle power system (1997)

The potential environmental benefits from biomass power are numerous. However, biomass power may also have some negative effects on the environment. Although the environmental benefits and drawbacks of biomass power have been debated for some time, the total significance has not been assessed. This study serves to answer some of the questions most often raised in regard to biomass power: What are the net CO{sub 2} emissions? What is the energy balance of the integrated system? Which substances are emitted at the highest rates? What parts of the system are responsible for these emissions? To provide answers to these questions, a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a hypothetical biomass power plant located in the Midwest United States was performed. LCA is an analytical tool for quantifying the emissions, resource consumption, and energy use, collectively known as environmental stressors, that are associated with converting a raw material to a final product. Performed in conjunction with a t echnoeconomic feasibility study, the total economic and environmental benefits and drawbacks of a process can be quantified. This study complements a technoeconomic analysis of the same process, reported in Craig and Mann (1996) and updated here. The process studied is based on the concept of power Generation in a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) plant. Broadly speaking, the overall system consists of biomass production, its transportation to the power plant, electricity generation, and any upstream processes required for system operation. The biomass is assumed to be supplied to the plant as wood chips from a biomass plantation, which would produce energy crops in a manner similar to the way food and fiber crops are produced today. Transportation of the biomass and other materials is by both rail and truck. The IGCC plant is sized at 113 MW, and integrates an indirectly-heated gasifier with an industrial gas turbine and steam cycle. 63 refs., 34 figs., 32 tabs.
Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (2000)

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a low-grade lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. It has an overall incidence of 2.5/million/year. The median age at diagnosis is 63 years. The clinical manifestations are hepatomegaly (20%), splenomegaly (15%), and lymphadenopathy (15%). The most common symptom is fatigue related to a normochromic, normocytic anemia, and the median hemoglobin value at diagnosis is 10 gm/dl. All patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia have a circulating tumor marker, the monoclonal IgM protein. Occasionally high levels of the IgM monoclonal protein can produce a hyperviscosity syndrome manifested by oronasal bleeding. Occasionally retinal hemorrhage or serious neurologic complications, such as somnolence or coma, may occur. The most important prognostic factors are hemoglobin, age, weight loss, and a cryoglobulin. Therapy has included alkylating agents, particularly chlorambucil, purine nucleoside analogs such as fludarabine or cladribine, and most recently the use of rituximab. The median survival of symptomatic patients is 65 months. Patients without symptoms should not be treated.
Über Isothiazole (1963)

Abstract Das Ringsystem der nicht annellierten 1.2‐Thiazole (=Isothiazole) ist erst in neuester Zeit zugänglich geworden. Vier Synthesen und zahlreiche Umsetzungen eröffnen neue Wege zu Verbindungen, die als Zwischenprodukte und Analoga zu Naturstoffen und bekannten Pharmazeutika Interesse beanspruchen.
Organ culture of the fetal mouse palate for screening the developmental toxicity of chemicals: A validation study (2004)

Using in vitro organ culture of the fetal mouse palate in a chemically defined serumless medium, the toxicity of 24 chemical compounds was investigated. Explanted palates of day-12.5 mouse fetuses were exposed for 72 h in vitro to various concentrations of each chemical, and the fusion rate and growth parameters were compared between the experimental group and respective controls. The average rate of palate fusion was 84% in vehicle controls. For compounds that are teratogenic in experimental animals in vivo, the fusion rates of palatal shelves decreased as the concentration of the test chemicals increased, showing a dose-dependent relationship. Palate fusion was inhibited by 11 of the 15 in vivo teratogens, and the predictability of in vivo developmental toxicity in this culture system was 73%. Cyclophosphamide itself did not inhibit the growth and fusion of explanted palates, but supplementation of hepatic S-9 fraction and cofactors for a monooxygenase system converted it to a toxic substance, as was shown in other in vitro systems. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value calculated based on the fusion rate was also found to be a useful parameter for evaluating the developmental toxicity of drugs. The teratogenic risk in the human fetus could be assessed by comparing the minimal toxic concentrations of the test compound on cultured palates with the maximal plasma level in pregnant women under therapeutic conditions and with the plasma concentrations when its minimal teratogenic dose is given to pregnant mice. This organ culture system of the fetal palate should be useful for screening the developmental toxicity of drugs and other environmental agents, and its value should increase when it is used in combination with other battery test systems.
Photochemistry of silylimines: Diels–Alder trapping of a photochemically generated o-quinodimethane intermediate from o-(N-trimethylsilyliminomethyl)toluene (1989)

o-(N-Trimethylsilyliminomethyl)toluene on irradiation underwent γ-hydrogen transfer to give an o-quinodimethyane intermediate which could be trapped with dimethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, trans-methyl cinnamate, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and the imine itself; under identical conditions o-(N-t-butyliminomethyl)toluene was inert.
Hypersensitivity associated with sugammadex administration: a systematic review (2014)

Sugammadex is a drug used to reverse neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium or vecuronium. It has not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA due to concerns regarding hypersensitivity. The objective of this review was to identify similarities in the presentation of hypersensitivity reactions to sugammadex. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for cases reporting hypersensitivity reactions to sugammadex. In addition, we contacted regulatory agencies and the company marketing the drug for unpublished reports. Reports were included if they were in English, primary investigations, lacked an alternative probable explanation for the reaction and included a comprehensive description of the hypersensitivity. We identified 15 cases of hypersensitivity following sugammadex administration. All cases that reported exact timing (14/15) occurred in 4 min or less. Most of the patients (11/15; 73%) met World Anaphylaxis Organization criteria for anaphylaxis. Awareness must be raised for the possibility of drug-induced hypersensitivity during the critical 5-min period immediately following sugammadex administration.
Biochemistry and Pharmacology of the Crotoxin Complex (1974)

Crotapotin and the basic crotalus phospholipase A, which are the main components of the crotoxin complex, have been purified to homogeneity with respect to their behaviour on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, cellogel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. The isoelectric points were found to be 3.4 for crotapotin and 9.7 for the crotalus phospholipase A. The molecular weight of phospholipase A has been determined by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine · HCl (14500), by ultracentrifugation (15800), and by dodecylsulfate‐gel electrophoresis (15800). Phospholipase A consists of a single peptide chain intramolecularly crosslinked by eight disulfide bridges. The molecular weight of crotapotin was 8900 as shown by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine · HCl. Sedimentation equilibrium studies in 4 M guanidine · HCl gave a value of 6700. In solutions of lower ionic strength, the M r , was 12500, indicating that crotapotin can exist as a dimer. In contrast the M r of reduced and carboxamidomethylated crotapotin was much lower (4000–4500), in gel filtration experiments. Crotapotin consists of three peptide chains, held together by disulfide bridges. Chain A contains 40 amino acid residues ( M r 4274), chain B 34 residues ( M r 3658) and chain C 14 residues ( M r 1558). A free NH 2 ‐terminal residue (serine) could be detected only for chain A.
Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanotubes with a Reactive Template of Manganese Oxide (2007)

Polyaniline nanotubes are synthesized from manganese oxide templates (see figure and cover). Manganese oxide is used as the physical template and the chemical oxidative initiator for the aniline polymerization. The template can be removed after the reaction, as manganese oxide is reduced into soluble Mn2+ ions. Many morphologies of polyaniline structures, such as nanotubes, spherical tube brushes, and double-shell nanotubes, can be fabricated using this method.
MELD score and clinical type predict prognosis in hepatorenal syndrome (2005)

Important progress has been made recently regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). However, scant information exists about factors predicting outcome in patients with cirrhosis and HRS. Moreover, the prognostic value of the model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score has not been validated in the setting of HRS. The current study was designed to assess the prognostic factors and outcome of patients with cirrhosis and HRS. The study included 105 consecutive patients with HRS. Forty-one patients had type 1 HRS, while 64 patients had type 2 HRS. Patients with type 1 HRS not only had more severe liver and renal failure than type 2 patients, they also had greater impairment of circulatory function, as indicated by lower arterial pressure and higher activation of vasoconstrictor factors. In the whole series, the median survival was 3.3 months. In a multivariate analysis of survival, only HRS type and MELD score were associated with an independent prognostic value. All patients with type 1 HRS had a high MELD score (> or =20) and showed an extremely poor outcome (median survival: 1 mo). By contrast, the survival of patients with type 2 HRS was longer and dependent on MELD score (> or =20, median survival 3 mo; <20, median survival 11 mo; P < .002). In conclusion, the outcome of patients with cirrhosis and HRS can be estimated by using two easily available variables, HRS type and MELD score. These data can be useful in the management of patients with HRS, particularly for patients who are candidates for liver transplantation.
Random mutagenesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase: A key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis (1998)

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACC synthase, EC 4.4.1. 14) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in plants. To determine the amino acid residues critical for the structure and function of this enzyme, the tomato Le-ACS2 isoenzyme has been subjected to both site-directed and PCR random mutagenesis. Mutant ACC synthases with reduced enzyme activity have been selected by using a genetic screen based on the functional complementation of an Escherichia coli Ile auxotroph that has been engineered to express ACC deaminase from Pseudomonas sp. The DNA sequence of almost 1,000 clones has been determined, and 334 single missense mutations have been selected for analysis. We have identified three classes of mutants based on their activity and expression in E. coli. Class I and II mutants have the same level of protein expression as the wild type, but their enzyme activity is reduced to 0-5% and 5-50%, respectively. Class III mutants have neither activity nor detectable protein expression. The inactive mutations are clustered in regions that are highly conserved among various ACC synthases. This library of mutants will facilitate the elucidation of structure-function relationships of this regulatory enzyme.
Oligonucleotide microarray for identification of<i>Enterococcus</i>species (2005)

For detection of most members of the Enterococcaceae, the specificity of a novel oligonucleotide microarray (ECC-PhyloChip) consisting of 41 hierarchically nested 16S or 23S rRNA gene-targeted probes was evaluated with 23 pure cultures (including 19 Enterococcus species). Target nucleic acids were prepared by PCR amplification of a 4.5-kb DNA fragment containing large parts of the 16S and 23S rRNA genes and were subsequently labeled fluorescently by random priming. Each tested member of the Enterococcaceae was correctly identified on the basis of its unique microarray hybridization pattern. The evaluated ECC-PhyloChip was successfully applied for identification of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in artificially contaminated milk samples demonstrating the utility of the ECC-PhyloChip for parallel identification and differentiation of Enterococcus species in food samples.
Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale: A New Migraine Treatment? (2003)

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a very sensitive tool for detecting microembolic signals (MES) in the brain vessels after injection of air-mixed saline in case of right-to-left shunt (RLS). Patent foramen ovale (PFO) can be found in nearly one-half of migraineurs with aura, and, reciprocally, the prevalence of migraine in patients with stroke with PFO is exceedingly high. We aimed to monitor the passage of MES in the brain vessels during transcatheter closure of PFO and to subsequently follow-up patients for both the efficacy of the procedure and the severity of migraine. Seventeen patients suffering from migraine with aura (MA+, n = 8) or without aura (MA-, n = 9) scheduled to undergo transcatheter closure of PFO with Amplatzer PFO occluder devices for paradoxical cerebral embolism were monitored with contrast TCD (DWL, Germany) before, during, and after the procedure to estimate the magnitude of the shunt. Spontaneous embolization to the brain was also recorded. The patients were thereafter followed-up at 1, 3, and 6 months. A composite score of migraine severity, which included frequency, duration, and intensity of the attacks in the previous 3 months (range 0-10), was obtained at the time of the procedure and at the follow-up visits. Complete occlusion of PFO was achieved in all patients after 1 month in most cases. Preoperatively, the migraine score was 6.75 in MA+ and was 6 in MA--patients. After closure, the score dropped to 2.5 in MA+ and to 4.2 in MA--patients at the 6-month follow-up visit, the difference being statistically highly significant in both groups. Overall, 5 of 17 patients no longer complained of migraine, 10 of 17 were substantially improved, and two of 17 were unchanged at 6 months. Migraine aura disappeared in six of eight patients. Closure rate was very satisfactory, from a preoperative average bubble count of 42 to an average of 4 bubbles in the four patients in whom a small residual shunt was still detectable at the 6-month follow-up visit. TCD monitoring provides the most accurate assessment of RLS at the brain level. Closure of PFO with transcatheter devices results in the substantial relief of migraine in patients with stroke with large RLS.