gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 1-year case-control study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis indicates prevention of loss of bone mineral density in both responders and nonresponders to infliximab (2007)

The goal of the present study was to record changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with methotrexate combined (or not combined) with infliximab. Included were 90 patients with RA who required anti-TNF-alpha therapy with infliximab because of persistent active disease despite treatment with methotrexate. The historical control group included 99 patients with RA who were treated with methotrexate at a time when anti-TNF-alpha treatment was not yet available. Lumbar and femoral neck BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and 1 year later. Osteocalcin, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were measured in plasma at baseline and 1 year later. At 1 year BMD had decreased in the control group at spine (P < 0.01) and femoral neck (P < 0.001). In contrast, BMD at spine and femoral neck did not change after 1 year of infliximab treatment. At the same time point, no change in bone remodelling markers was observed. No association was observed between clinical response and changes in BMD, indicating that even those who did not respond clinically did not lose bone over a 1-year period. These data confirm the BMD decrease observed in RA patients treated with methotrexate alone. This bone loss was prevented by infliximab therapy. Importantly, this beneficial effect was also observed in apparent nonresponders.
A simple optimal power flow model with energy storage (2010)

The integration of renewable energy generation, such as wind power, into the electric grid is difficult because of the source intermittency and the large distance between generation sites and users. This difficulty can be overcome through a transmission network with large-scale storage that not only transports power, but also mitigates against fluctuations in generation and supply. We formulate an optimal power flow problem with storage as a finite-horizon optimal control problem. We prove, for the special case with a single generator and a single load, that the optimal generation schedule will cross the time-varying demand profile at most once, from above. This means that the optimal policy will generate more than demand initially in order to charge up the battery, and then generate less than the demand and use the battery to supplement generation in final stages. This is a consequence of the fact that the marginal storage cost-to-go decreases in time.
Block-based noise estimation using adaptive gaussian filtering (2005)

This paper proposes a fast noise estimation algorithm using a Gaussian filter. It is based on block-based noise estimation, in which an input image is assumed to be contaminated by the additive white Gaussian noise and a filtering process is performed by an adaptive Gaussian filter. Coefficients of a Gaussian filter are selected as functions of the standard deviation of the Gaussian noise that is estimated from an input noisy image. For estimation of the amount of noise (i.e., standard deviation of the Gaussian noise), we split an image into a number of blocks and select smooth blocks that are classified by the standard deviation of intensity of a block, where the standard deviation is computed from the difference of the selected block images between the noisy input image and its filtered image. In the experiments, the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with that of the three conventional (block-based and filtering-based) noise estimation methods. Experiments with several still images show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed noise estimation algorithm can be efficiently applied to noise reduction in commercial image - or video-based applications such as digital cameras and digital television (DTV) for its performance and simplicity.
Duoplasmatron Type Source with Cold Cathode (1976)

The duoplasmatron is widely used as a high-intensity ion source. The LINAC I-2, which is the injector of a 10 GeV PS, uses a duoplasmatron with a cold cathode. The initial cathode was a heated tantalum filament which was placed in a hollow tantalum cylinder with a wall thickness of 0.1--0.5 mm. It was subsequently discovered that it was not necessary to heat the filament in order to maintain the arc discharge and therefore the filament was used only for source bakeout. Now a thin-wall tantalum cylinder is used as the cathode. The cathode lasts up to 6000 h, requiring replacement approximately once a year.
SIFT Features Tracking for Video Stabilization (2007)

This paper presents a video stabilization algorithm based on the extraction and tracking of scale invariant feature transform features through video frames. Implementation of SIFT operator is analyzed and adapted to be used in a feature-based motion estimation algorithm. SIFT features are extracted from video frames and then their trajectory is evaluated to estimate interframe motion. A modified version of iterative least squares method is adopted to avoid estimation errors and features are tracked as they appear in nearby frames to improve video stability. Intentional camera motion is eventually filtered with adaptive motion vector integration. Results confirm the effectiveness of the method.
Bidirectional Asymmetric Allylboration. A Convenient Asymmetric Synthesis of <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric 3-Methylenepentane-1,5-diols and Rapid Access to <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Spiroketals (1999)

The double allylboration of aldehydes using 1, 3-bis(diisopinocampheylboryl)-2-methylenepropanes (R,R)-3 and (S, S)-3 under Brown's salt-free conditions provides C(2)-symmetric 3-methylenepentane-1,5-diols 1 in excellent enantiomeric excess. The absolute stereochemistry of the products was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray study of bis-Mosher ester 6g. Desymmetrization and further functionalization of diol 1a were achieved by treatment of the bis-BOC carbonate 13 with IBr in toluene at -80 degrees C to give cyclic iodocarbonate 14 as a single diastereomer. This methodology is also applicable in natural product synthesis; enantiomerically pure spiroketals 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecanes 18 and 25, the latter representing an expedient synthesis of the AB ring system of the spongistatins 20, were easily accessed from simple starting materials in excellent yields and selectivities.
Prediction of signal peptide functional properties: a study of the orientation and angle of insertion of yeast invertase mutants and human apolipoprotein B signal peptide variants (1996)

A number of studies have introduced mutations into the yeast invertase signal peptide, using it as a model system to elucidate features for targeting, translocation and intracellular transport. Using molecular modelling of the invertase signal peptide we have analysed the hydrophobicity potential and the change in dielectric constant of the energy transfer, when the molecule moves from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic phase at the simulated hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface. This modelling has been carried out on wild type and mutant invertase signal peptides of altered function, previously reported in the literature. While the predicted angle of insertion correlates with the measured extent of invertase secretion, with an optimum angle of 45 degrees, mutations that change the angle of orientation reduce the extent of invertase secretion. We have applied these same molecular modelling principles to the naturally occurring variants of the human apolipo-protein B (apoB) signal peptide, that confer a secretion defective phenotype when fused to yeast invertase and expressed in yeast. Our modelling thus identifies a strong correlation between the predicted angle of insertion of the signal peptide into the membrane and its ability to direct secretion.
An associative-processor-based mixed signal system for robust grayscale image recognition (2003)

An associative-processor-based VLSI system architecture has been developed for robust grayscale image recognition. The system receives a 64/spl times/64 pels block of a gray scale image, extracting a feature vector from the image and recognizing the image by template matching. An analog associative processor is adopted as the template matching core because it features compact implementation as well as fast processing due to its fully parallel architecture. For generating feature vectors, dedicated digital CMOS circuits have been developed because of their versatility in the algorithm. The analysis of medical X-ray pictures (Cephalometric landmark identification by expert dentists) was taken as an exercise for the system, and intensive computer simulations have been conducted to optimize the recognition performance of the system. Although the entire system has not yet been implemented on a single chip, all the key sub circuits in the system were fabricated as test circuits and their correct functioning has been experimentally demonstrated. It is also shown by experiment that very low power operation of the template matching core is possible by operating the analog circuitry in the subthreshold regime without degrading recognition performance.
Filtering and Integrating Visual Information with Motion (2001)

Visualizing information in user interfaces to complex, large-scale systems is difficult due to visual fragmentation caused by an enormous amount of inter-related data distributed across multiple views. New display dimensions are required to help the user perceptually integrate and filter such spatially distributed and heterogeneous information. Motion holds promise in this regard as a perceptually efficient display dimension. It has long been known to have a strong grouping effect which suggest that it has potential for filtering and brushing techniques. However, there is little known about which properties of motion are most effective. We review the prior literature relating to the use of motion for display and discuss the requirements for how motion can be usefully applied to these problems, especially for visualizations incorporating multiple groups of data objects. We compared three shapes of motions in pairwise combinations: linear, circular and expansion/contraction. Combinations of linear directions were also compared to evaluate how great angular separation needs to be to enforce perceptual distinction. Our results showed that shape differentiation is more effective than directional differences (except for 90). Of the three shapes studied, circular demands the most attention. Angular separation must be 90 to be equally effective. These results suggest that motion can be usefully applied to both filtering and brushing. They also provide the beginnings of a vocabulary of simple motions that can be applied to information visualization.
Errors in Timepieces of Precision (1919)

Abstract During my administration of the Lands and Surveys of Nigeria, it became the duty of the Survey Department to direct a sman but fairly well-equipped observatory, which was used almost entirely for obtaining time—chiefly for the purpose of adjusting and determining the rate and irregularity of a considerable number of chronometers and chronometer-watches, which were constantly needed for expeditions on which longitude was very frequently determined.
Noise estimation for star tracker calibration and enhanced precision attitude determination (2003)

This paper presents the design, development, and validation of a nonlinear least square estimation scheme applied to star tracker noise extraction and identification. The paper is the by-product of a Post-Launch Test (PLT) tool development effort conducted by two independent teams, Swales/NASA and Boeing. The main objective is to have a set of tools ready to provide on-orbit support to the GOES N-Q Program. GOES N-Q employs a stellar inertial attitude determination (SIAD) system that achieves high precision attitude estimation by processing attitude and rate data provided by multiple star trackers (ST) and an inertial reference unit (IRU), respectively. The key component of SIAD is the ST. The ST's star position vector is corrupted by three major noise sources: temporal noise (TN), high spatial frequency noise (HSF), and low spatial frequency (LSF) noise. The last two noise sources are not while and correlated. As a result, the performance of the SIAD filter is no longer optimal, causing the reconstructed attitude knowledge to potentially satisfy requirements with a narrow margin. This tight margin is critical and may affect the GOES N-Q mission, particularly the Image Navigation and Registration (INR) system performance. The PLT toolset is expected to provide the capability to mitigate this potential problem during PLT time.
Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress by <i>Angelica dahuricae radix</i> extract decreases apoptotic cell death and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury (2011)

Inflammation and oxidative stress play major roles in the pathogenesis after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we examined the neuroprotective effects of Angelica dahuricae radix (ADR) extract after SCI. ADR extract significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial cell line, BV2 cells. ADR extract also significantly alleviated the level of reactive oxygen species in LPS-activated BV2 cells. To examine the neuroprotective effect of ADR extract after SCI, spinally injured rats were administered ADR extract orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days. ADR extract treatment significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2. The levels of superoxide anion (O(2·)(-)) and protein nitration were also significantly decreased by ADR extract. In addition, ADR extract inhibited p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and pronerve growth factor expression in microglia after SCI. Furthermore, ADR extract significantly inhibited caspase-3 activation following apoptotic cell death of neurons and oligodendrocytes, thereby improving functional recovery after injury. Thus, our data suggest that ADR extract provides neuroprotection by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress and can be used as an orally administered therapeutic agent for acute SCI.
Comparison of carpal tunnel injection techniques: A cadaver study (2008)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of injections into the carpal tunnel using three different portals in cadavers, and to define safe guidelines. In this study, 150 wrists of 75 cadavers (54 male, 21 female) were included. To compare three injection sites, 50 wrists of 25 cadavers were used for each technique; we used 23 gauge needles, and acrylic dye. The first injection technique: the needle was inserted 1cm proximal to the wrist crease and directed distally by roughly 45 in an ulnar direction through the flexor carpi radialis tendon. The second injection technique: the needle was inserted into the carpal tunnel from a point just ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon and 1cm proximal to the wrist crease. The third injection technique: the needle was inserted just distal to the distal skin crease of the wrist in line with the fourth ray. The first injection technique gave the highest accuracy rate, and this was also the safest injection site. Median nerve injuries caused by injection was seen mostly with the second technique. Although a steroid injection may provide symptomatic relief in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, the median nerve and other structures in the carpal tunnel are at risk of injury. Because of that, the injection should be given using the correct technique by physicians skilled in carpal tunnel surgery.
Guidelines for Running OSPF Over Frame Relay Networks (1994)

This memo specifies guidelines for implementors and users of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol to bring about improvements in how the protocol runs over frame relay networks.We show how to configure frame relay interfaces in a way that obviates the "full-mesh" connectivity required by current OSPF implementations.This allows for simpler, more economic network designs.These guidelines do not require any protocol changes; they only provide recommendations for how OSPF should be implemented and configured to use frame relay networks efficiently.
Multicell Optimization for Diversity and Interference Mitigation (2008)

We study diversity and interference mitigation with an emphasis on the interaction between the transmitter-receiver (Tx-Rx) pairs in a two-user, two-cell system in which the performance at each Rx depends on the actions of the both desired and the interfering Txs. We will propose two techniques. The first scheme is a greedy or competitive algorithm in which each Tx-Rx pair employs an orthogonal space-time (ST) block code combined with a multimode beamformer (a generalized ST code) to minimize the error probability to its own Rx till an equilibrium is reached. The second scheme is a cooperative algorithm, also based on a generalized ST code in which each Tx-Rx pair minimizes its error probability at its desired Rx but cooperates by limiting the amount of interference to the second pair's Rx. We will model and characterize the equilibrium of the competitive scheme (called the Nash equlibrium). We will then show that by using the cooperative algorithm, it is possible to find Pareto dominant actions where both Tx-Rx pairs either equal or improve their performance when compared with the NE actions. We will analyze the conditions for Pareto dominance of the cooperative scheme and finally demonstrate the performance improvements of both schemes over the single Tx-Rx pair generalized ST code.
Modified Preparation Method of Trifluoromethylated Propargylic Alcohols and Its Application to Chiral 2,6-Dideoxy-6,6,6-trifluoro sugars (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModified Preparation Method of Trifluoromethylated Propargylic Alcohols and Its Application to Chiral 2,6-Dideoxy-6,6,6-trifluoro sugarsTakashi Yamazaki, Kenji Mizutani, and Tomoya KitazumeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 19, 6046–6056Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00124a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00124a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views909Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Single-Pass Microkeratome System for Eye Bank DSAEK Tissue Preparation (2015)

The ML7 Microkeratome Donor Cornea System allows for reliable and reproducible DSAEK tissue preparation. Ultrathin DSAEK tissues can be prepared with a single-pass. Aiming for a graft thickness between 90 and 120 μm seems to be most reliable.
Fuzzy and neural net processor and its programming environment (1988)

AT&T Bell Laboratories, and Rockwell International
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzoxaboroles as Potential Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents (2013)

Several novel benzoxaborole derivatives were synthesized starting from 2-formylphenylboronic acid utilizing Baylis–Hillman reaction, Barbier allylation, Passerini reaction, and aldol reaction protocols as the key step. All the synthesized benzoxaboroles have been evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities.
Drilling and drilling fluids (1981)

This book is a treatise on the drilling of wells and the part played by drilling fluids. The main body of the book deals with the many aspects of the subject while the extensive appendices have been expanded and brought up-to-date to cover the latest developments in drilling and drilling fluids technology.
Apparatus and techniques for the study of precipitation of solids and silica from hypersaline geothermal brine (1979)

The kinetics of precipitation reactions in geothermal brines can be studied accurately only if the brine samples are collected and examined under anaerobic conditions and with minimum cooling. Apparatus and techniques were developed that achieve this for brine temperatures below 100/sup 0/C. The concentration of suspended solids is measured gravimetrically after filtration, and the concentration of dissolved silica is measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data from Woolsey No. 1 well of the Salton Sea Geothermal Field illustrate typical results of the procedures.
Highly sensitive fluorescent sensor for mercury based on hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (2014)

A label-free hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) based fluorescent sensor has been developed for Hg(2+) detection. The fluorescence intensity has a linear relationship with the concentration of the target in the range of 0.425 pmol L(-1) to 42.5 nmol L(-1), and the detection limit is as low as 0.14 pmol L(-1) (S/N = 3). The proposed sensor had been applied to detect Hg(2+) in water samples with satisfying results.
Theoretical analysis of thermoelectric cooling performance enhancement via thermal and electrical pulsing (2002)

This paper is an introduction and theoretical investigation of the fast-transient cooling characteristics of a TE module under applied high-current electrical pulses. A temperature-dependent, finite element model was developed to accurately model the fast-transient performance. Analysis of experimental data is presented to verify the accuracy and validity of the model and the conclusions derived therefrom. It has been shown that cold plate temperatures are achievable from a typical TE module beyond that obtainable by conventional, steady-state means. The cooling enhancement is by virtue of the fact that Peltier cooling is a surface effect and extremely concentrated at the cold junction, whereas, Joule heating is a volume effect and is distributed throughout the volume of the TE pellet. As such, most of the Joule heat takes a longer time to reach the cold plate than the Peltier cooling effect. This phenomenon is theoretically demonstrated by applying a high-current pulse after the minimum steady-state cold plate temperature has been established. Calculations have shown that cold plate temperatures can be reduced by 16 K below that via steady-state means. These transient enhancements are admittedly short-lived and have limited effectiveness. However, the results presented herein suggest that further exploitation of the fundamental differences between Peltier and Joule heat are possible. A concept is re-introduced which consists of thermally and electrically separating the cold electrode from the TE pellet.