gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photo-fluorescent and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications (2015)

Iron oxide exhibits fascinating physical properties especially in the nanometer range, not only from the standpoint of basic science, but also for a variety of engineering, particularly biomedical applications. For instance, Fe3O4 behaves as superparamagnetic as the particle size is reduced to a few nanometers in the single-domain region depending on the type of the material. The superparamagnetism is an important property for biomedical applications such as magnetic hyperthermia therapy of cancer. In this review article, we report on some of the most recent experimental and theoretical studies on magnetic heating mechanisms under an alternating (AC) magnetic field. The heating mechanisms are interpreted based on Néel and Brownian relaxations, and hysteresis loss. We also report on the recently discovered photoluminescence of Fe3O4 and explain the emission mechanisms in terms of the electronic band structures. Both optical and magnetic properties are correlated to the materials parameters of particle size, distribution, and physical confinement. By adjusting these parameters, both optical and magnetic properties are optimized. An important motivation to study iron oxide is due to its high potential in biomedical applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles can be used for MRI/optical multimodal imaging as well as the therapeutic mediator in cancer treatment. Both magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal effect has been utilized to kill cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth. Once the iron oxide nanoparticles are up taken by the tumor with sufficient concentration, greater localization provides enhanced effects over disseminated delivery while simultaneously requiring less therapeutic mass to elicit an equal response. Multi-modality provides highly beneficial co-localization. For magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles the co-localization of diagnostics and therapeutics is achieved through magnetic based imaging and local hyperthermia generation through magnetic field or photon application. Here, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are shown to provide excellent conjugation bases for entrapment of therapeutic molecules, fluorescent agents, and targeting ligands; enhancement of solid tumor treatment is achieved through co-application of local hyperthermia with chemotherapeutic agents.
Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for the chick<i>yes</i>proto-oncogene: comparison with the viral<i>yes</i>gene (1988)

We present the nucleotide sequence of a 1.8 kb cDNA clone (p6A) isolated from
To Learn or Not to Learn: Visual Localization from Essential Matrices (2019)

Visual localization is the problem of estimating a camera within a scene and a key component in computer vision applications such as self-driving cars and Mixed Reality. State-of-the-art approaches for accurate visual localization use scene-specific representations, resulting in the overhead of constructing these models when applying the techniques to new scenes. Recently, deep learning-based approaches based on relative pose estimation have been proposed, carrying the promise of easily adapting to new scenes. However, it has been shown such approaches are currently significantly less accurate than state-of-the-art approaches. In this paper, we are interested in analyzing this behavior. To this end, we propose a novel framework for visual localization from relative poses. Using a classical feature-based approach within this framework, we show state-of-the-art performance. Replacing the classical approach with learned alternatives at various levels, we then identify the reasons for why deep learned approaches do not perform well. Based on our analysis, we make recommendations for future work.
Botulinum Toxin: Mechanism of Presynaptic Blockade (1976)

The mechanism of action of botulinum toxin was analyzed by the use of calcium ionophores and black widow spider venom. Addition of calcium ionophores to nerve-muscle preparations blocked by botulinum toxin did not increase the frequency of miniature end plate potentials. However, the spider venom elicited a barrage of miniature end plate potentials after blockade by botulinum. Electron micrographs of preparations treated with botulinum toxin and then the spider venom revealed clumping of synaptic vesicles at release sites in the otherwise depleted nerve terminals. These findings indicate that the action of botulinum toxin is not due to deficient storage of acetylcholine in vesicles or blockade of calcium entry into nerve terminals. They suggest that the toxin interferes with the acetylcholine release process itself, possibly by blocking exocytosis at the release sites.
Dynamically partitioned test scheduling with adaptive TAM configuration for power-constrained SoC testing (2005)

Given a system-on-chip with a set of cores and a set of test resources, and the constraints on the total power consumption during test and the maximum width on the top-level test access mechanism (TAM), it is required to optimize overall testing time of the system. To solve this problem, we first generate a power-constrained test compatibility graph and then construct a set of power-constrained concurrent test sets (PCTSs) to facilitate concurrent testing. We then handle the constrained scheduling by adaptively assigning the cores in parallel to the TAMs with variable width and efficiently utilizing the TAM bandwidth such that the tests in the same PCTS have their lengths close to each other. We concurrently schedule the test sets by dynamically partitioning and allocating the tests, and consequently constructing and updating a set of dynamically partitioned PCTSs. This reduces the test cost in terms of overall test time. Simulation study shows the productivity gained by using our integrated scheduling approach.
Inhibition of antigen-specific T lymphocyte activation by structurally related Ir gene-controlled polymers. II. Competitive inhibition of I-E-restricted, antigen-specific T cell responses. (1984)

Our previous studies have defined a highly specific competitive inhibition between a pair of structurally related antigens (GT and GAT) for antigen presentation by accessory cells. The present report investigates this phenomenon in a second antigenic system, which is controlled by a distinct Ir gene product. Two GL phi-specific, I-Ed-restricted, interleukin 2-producing T cell hybridomas were constructed. The antigenic fine specificity of these two hybrid clones was distinct. One hybrid reacted solely with GL phi while the second cross-reacted with GLleu and GLT. These latter two copolymers, as well as the antigen GL, were found to inhibit the GL phi response of the non-cross-reactive hybrid. The structurally related antigen G phi was not inhibitory for this clone's response. The cross-reactive GL phi hybrid could also be inhibited, but, in this case, G phi and not GL caused the inhibition. Reciprocal inhibitions could be demonstrated between these and other hybrids (e.g., GAT responsive), indicating a very high degree of specificity to the inhibition. The inhibition caused by the various copolymers was reversible by increasing the concentration of GL phi, This effect was localized to the antigen-presenting cell and not the T cell hybridoma. Functionally, this competition did not appear to be for antigen uptake or general antigen processing. These findings generalize the phenomenon of antigen competition to a second antigen system in the context of a second Ia molecule. The possible mechanisms accounting for the complex pattern of specificities in this system are discussed.
Destruction of aflatoxins in peanut protein isolates by sodium hypochlorite (1975)

Abstract Sodium hypochlorite has been tested for destruction of aflatoxins during the preparation of peanut protein isolates from raw peanuts and defatted peanut meal. The treatments were evaluated by determination of the aflatoxins in the products by thin layer chromatography. Effects of sodium hypochlorite concentration, reaction pH, temperature, and time were studied. Results show that both the sodium hypochlorite concentration and pH are important factors in reducing the concentration of aflatoxins in the protein isolates to nondetectable levels. The treatment with 0.4% sodium hypochlorite at pH 8 produced protein isolates with trace amounts of aflatoxins B 1 and B 2 from ground raw peanuts containing 725 ppb aflatoxin B 1 and 148 ppb aflatoxin B 2 , whereas untreated protein isolates contained 384 ppb aflatoxin B 1 and 76 ppb aflatoxin B 2 . At pH 9, 0.3% sodium hypochlorite reduced the aflatoxin B 1 content in the protein isolates from 300 ppb to below detectable quantities and the aflatoxin B 2 content from 52 ppb to 2 ppb. Similar results were obtained at pH 10 for 0.3% sodium hypochlorite concentration. In the case of defatted peanut meal which contained 136 ppb aflatoxin B 1 and 36 ppb aflatoxin B 2 , 0.25% sodium hypochlorite concentration at pH 8 (0.20% at pH 9; 0.15% at pH 10) reduced both the aflatoxin B 1 and B 2 contents to below detectable quantities in protein isolates as compared to aflatoxin levels of ca. 75 ppb B 1 and 17 ppb B 2 in the untreated protein isolates. Reaction temperature and time did not affect the destruction of aflatoxins significantly.
Advances in refractive surgery: microkeratome and femtosecond laser flap creation in relation to safety, efficacy, predictability, and biomechanical stability (2006)

The aim of this review is to summarize the key components for both the microkeratome and the femtosecond laser and to update on the recent advances reported on these topics.
Bovine seminal ribonuclease exerts selective cytotoxicity toward neuroblastoma cells both sensitive and resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. (2000)

BS-RNase is a highly efficient agent against NB cells resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. The lack of toxicity to hematopoietic progenitor cells suggests that BS-RNase is also likely to have tolerable hematopoietic toxicity.
Regularization of wave‐equation migration velocity analysis by structure‐oriented smoothing (2011)

Wave‐equation Migration Velocity Analysis (MVA) is emerging as a plausible alternative to reflection tomography for velocity model construction and updating. The use of a wave‐equation propagator means that it is thought to be applicable in areas of complex geology where ray‐tracing may be unstable and Kirchhoff‐style gathers are hard to pick. However, the scale and non‐linearity of the problem means that it requires multiple iterations of descents type optimization, which makes it expensive. Furthermore, acquisition limitations and variations in reflection amplitudes and illumination typically extend the null space beyond the natural limits of resolution imposed by the source, resulting in uncertainties in the model and associated image. Appropriate regularization can stabilize and even accelerate convergence to models which are a priori more satisfying than others which fit the data. Under the assumption that the velocity variations are conformal with the seismic reflectivity, we propose structure‐oriented smoothing for such regularization. Synthetic and real‐data examples demonstrate that this is a good choice.
The melting of small particles of lead and indium (1972)

Experiments have been carried out on the melting of particles of lead and indium in the size range 3 to 50 nm. Electron diffraction patterns were used to determine melting points and electron micrographs were used to determine the size of the particles. The melting points were found to decrease with diminishing size in both cases; in the case of lead the melting point was depressed by about 200K for particles of 3nm radius.
Explorative multilingual text retrieval based on fuzzy multilingual keyword classification (2000)

This paper proposes an explorative approach to multilingual text retrieval (MLTR) based on fuzzy multilingual keyword classification. The approach applies fuzzy clustering to obtain a classification of multilingual keywords by concepts. A multilingual concept directory is developed by labeling each concept with native language of the target user and associating it with relevant multilingual documents. The directory works as a searching interface for document browsing. This explorative approach is particularly suitable for casual users to search with Asian languages by avoiding the trouble of query formulation and input in MLTR. For the general application of MLTR, an explorative interface is also advisable when the user has only a vague idea of the domain to be searched.
Assessment and management of non-visible haematuria in primary care (2009)

#### Summary points

Many clinicians are not sure what constitutes clinically relevant haematuria; they are also unsure about when patients with haematuria should be referred for specialist assessment and whether they should be referred to a urologist, nephrologist, or both.

In 2006 the National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment (NIHR HTA) commissioned a systematic review of the evidence for the investigation of microscopic haematuria, with a view to developing an algorithm for assessing patients in primary care.1 They concluded that, “Given the paucity of evidence . . . it is not possible to derive an algorithm of the diagnostic pathway for haematuria that would be solely supported by existing evidence.” None the less, the investigation of microscopic haematuria is important because serious underlying conditions are present in a proportion of patients.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We drew on evidence published in the systematic reviews of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Health Technology Assessment (microscopic haematuria),1 and guidelines for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease.1 2 We searched electronic databases, including Medline and the Cochrane database, to identify recent publications and studies that were deemed relevant but outside the inclusion criteria of the systematic review. We included the evidence presented in published guidelines for the investigation …
The molecular basis of CO <sub>2</sub> reception in <i>Drosophila</i> (2007)

CO(2) elicits a response from many insects, including mosquito vectors of diseases such as malaria and yellow fever, but the molecular basis of CO(2) detection is unknown in insects or other higher eukaryotes. Here we show that Gr21a and Gr63a, members of a large family of Drosophila seven-transmembrane-domain chemoreceptor genes, are coexpressed in chemosensory neurons of both the larva and the adult. The two genes confer CO(2) response when coexpressed in an in vivo expression system, the "empty neuron system." The response is highly specific for CO(2) and dependent on CO(2) concentration. The response shows an equivalent dependence on the dose of Gr21a and Gr63a. None of 39 other chemosensory receptors confers a comparable response to CO(2). The identification of these receptors may now allow the identification of agents that block or activate them. Such agents could affect the responses of insect pests to the humans they seek.
Risk of Heavy Metal Contamination in ThreeSeawater-Cultivated Vegetables (2019)

To utilize a saline coastal mud flat, seawater-cultivated vegetables were bred and planted in Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Due to ubiquitous heavy metal pollution in coastal areas and high bioaccumulation potential of heavy metals in halophytes, food safety of seawater-cultivated vegetables should be a public concern. In the present study we collected three seawater-cultivated vegetable species (Suaeda glauca, Salicornia europaea and Portulaca oleracea), soils, seawater and freshwater runoff from five locations in Jiangsu Province. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni in these samples were determined. The results showed that all soil samples showed a low level of heavy metals and complied with the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, but seawater and freshwater runoff surrounding sampling sites displayed a high level of Cu an Pb, suggesting a high risk of heavy metal contamination. Levels of Cr and Pb in all investigated plant species were sometimes higher than the limits in the Chinese Standard of Food Safety, suggesting potential risk to food safety. Overall, seawater-cultivated vegetables might accumulate heavy metals and subsequently endanger the health of human beings when planting on saline soils.
Eutrophication of U.S. Freshwaters: Analysis of Potential Economic Damages (2008)

Human-induced eutrophication degrades freshwater systems worldwide by reducing water quality and altering ecosystem structure and function. We compared current total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) concentrations for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency nutrient ecoregions with estimated reference conditions. In all nutrient ecoregions, current median TN and TP values for rivers and lakes exceeded reference median values. In 12 of 14 ecoregions, over 90% of rivers currently exceed reference median values. We calculated potential annual value losses in recreational water usage, waterfront real estate, spending on recovery of threatened and endangered species, and drinking water. The combined costs were approximately $2.2 billion annually as a result of eutrophication in U.S. freshwaters. The greatest economic losses were attributed to lakefront property values ($0.3-2.8 billion per year, although this number was poorly constrained) and recreational use ($0.37-1.16 billion per year). Our evaluation likely underestimates economic losses incurred from freshwater eutrophication. We document potential costs to identify where restoring natural nutrient regimes can have the greatest economic benefits. Our research exposes gaps in current records (e.g., accounting for frequency of algal blooms and fish kills) and suggests further research is necessary to refine cost estimates.
Reevaluation of the surface tension components and parameters of polyacetylene from contact angles of liquids (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReevaluation of the surface tension components and parameters of polyacetylene from contact angles of liquidsC. J. Van Oss, R. F. Giese Jr., and R. J. GoodCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 11, 1711–1713Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00101a017https://doi.org/10.1021/la00101a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Virgin olive oil blended polyurethane micro/nanofibers ornamented with copper oxide nanocrystals for biomedical applications (2014)

Recently, substantial interest has been generated in using electrospun biomimetic nanofibers of hybrids, particularly organic/inorganic, to engineer different tissues. The present work, for the first time, introduced a unique natural and synthetic hybrid micronanofiber wound dressing, composed of virgin olive oil/copper oxide nanocrystals and polyurethane (PU), developed via facile electrospinning. The as-spun organic/inorganic hybrid micronanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The interaction of cells with scaffold was studied by culturing NIH 3T3 fibroblasts on an as-spun hybrid micronanofibrous mat, and viability, proliferation, and growth were assessed. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay results and SEM observation showed that the hybrid micronanofibrous scaffold was noncytotoxic to fibroblast cell culture and was found to benefit cell attachment and proliferation. Hence our results suggest the potential utilization of as-spun micronanoscaffolds for tissue engineering. Copper oxide-olive oil/PU wound dressing may exert its positive beneficial effects at every stage during wound-healing progression, and these micronanofibers may serve diverse biomedical applications, such as tissue regeneration, damaged skin treatment, wound healing applications, etc. Conclusively, the fabricated olive oil-copper oxide/PU micronanofibers combine the benefits of virgin olive oil and copper oxide, and therefore hold great promise for biomedical applications in the near future.
Comparison of Phenylcarbene and Phenylnitrene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of Phenylcarbene and PhenylnitreneMatthew S. PlatzCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 12, 487–492Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00060a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00060a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1898Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overtone spectroscopy in nitrous oxide (1995)

The near infrared and visible absorption spectrum of nitrous oxide 14N216O has been recorded by Fourier transform absorption spectroscopy, between 6500 and 11 000 cm−1, and by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy, between 11 700 and 15 000 cm−1. Nineteen new bands are observed and, altogether, 34 cold and 10 hot bands are rotationally analyzed. The related upper term values, vibrational assignments, and principal rotational constants, as well as the relative band intensities are quantitatively discussed in terms of the formation of vibrational clusters, on the basis of the effective Hamiltonian developed by J. L. Teffo, V. I. Perevalov and O. M. Lyulin [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 168, 390 (1994)].