gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STU-III-multilevel secure computer interface (2002)

The interconnection of the STU-III (Secure Telephone Unit) and a multilevel secure (MLS) host computer is a layered composition of systems. The composed systems that form the layers result from the connection processing done to establish the host-to-host link. To ensure that the system represented by each composed layer is consistent with the security policy, an additional agent must be added to the host's trusted computing base (TCB). This agent manages the STU-III data port interface and undertakes the coordination necessary to ensure that the security state is consistent between each layer; this coordination includes the security coordination between the two host TCBs and the eventual establishment of the remote session. The agent is implemented as a trusted process and is invisible to a process requesting connection to another host. This implementation allows for the greatest flexibility in the use of hardware at some additional cost in complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Action in the Glow Discharge. IX (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Action in the Glow Discharge. IXA. K. BrewerA. K. BrewerMore by A. K. Brewer and P. D. BrewerP. D. BrewerMore by P. D. BrewerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1932, 36, 8, 2133–2140Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/j150338a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (446 KB) Get e-Alerts
Expression and Purification of Natural N-Terminal Recombinant Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor from Pichia pastoris (2008)

Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) is a natural non-specific serine protease inhibitor and possesses the ability to inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin and plasma kallikrein. The expression of BPTI in Escherichia coli and other systems has been reported. However, the preparation of recombinant BPTI (rBPTI) with correct N-terminus in Pichia pastoris has not been successful. A previous study showed that the preBPTI with the prepro leader sequence of alpha mating factor (AMF) was not processed into natural BPTI in P. pastoris. Now, we introduce a new method to prepare rBPTI, which carries a natural N-terminal amino acid residue, Arg-Pro-Asp, in P. pastoris using human serum albumin signal peptide corresponding to the pre sequence. The concentration of rBPTI in an 80 l fermentor reached 900 mg/l. We also explored a rapid and simple purification protocol for rBPTI and the purity of rBPTI reached 95-98% as evaluated by SDS-PAGE analysis. The sequencing results showed that the sequence of N-terminal 15 amino acids of rBPTI was consistent with that of natural BPTI. The inhibitory activity of rBPTI against trypsin was the same as natural BPTI and its K(i) was 2.6+/-0.1 x 10(-9). The therapeutic effect of rBPTI on acute pancreatitis was identified in rats.
Enhanced harmonic coding of speech with frequency domain transition modelling (2002)

A major source of audible distortion in current low-bit-rate harmonic speech coding algorithms is the ineffective modeling of the transitional speech signals such as onsets, plosives, etc. A new method of modeling transitional speech based on a frequency domain approach is introduced in this paper. The approach uses a modified harmonic model able to produce non-periodic pulse sequences in conjunction with a closed-loop analysis-by-synthesis scheme for parameter estimation and quantization. The structure of a speech coding system based on this model is outlined. The proposed approach is shown to give better performance than transition encoding based on a standard CELP algorithm at rates of 4.8 kb/s.
Neuropsychological evidence for frontostriatal dysfunction in schizophrenia (1995)

Schizophrenics and controls were compared on a computerized test of attentional set-shifting which provides a componential analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test and has previously been shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction and Parkinson's disease. The main test was of extra-dimensional shifting where subjects are required to shift response to an alternative perceptual dimension. In one condition, termed 'perseveration', subjects are required to shift to a novel dimension and ignore the previously relevant one. In the other condition, termed 'learned irrelevance', subjects are required to shift to the previously irrelevant dimension and ignore a novel one. Chronic medicated schizophrenics (N = 32) show a highly significant impairment on the perseveration but not the learned irrelevance condition, as compared to normal age and IQ matched controls (N = 24). This was true even of a subgroup of patients with preserved IQ. The impairments in attentional set-shifting failed to correlate with patients' scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (mean; S.D. 26.8; 1.8) or with scores on a test of recognition memory. These results provide evidence for a specific deficit in a set-shifting test of executive function and support a hypothesis of frontostriatal dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Evaluation of Shooting Distance by AFM and FTIR/ATR Analysis of GSR (2008)

The techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR/ATR) spectroscopy are applied to the analysis of gun-shot residue (GSR) to test their ability to determine shooting distance and discrimination of the powder manufacturers. AFM is a nondestructive technique that is capable of characterizing the shapes and size distributions of GSR particles with resolution down to less than a nanometer. This may be useful for estimation of the shooting distance. Our AFM images of GSR show that the size distribution of the particles is inversely proportional to the shooting distance. Discrimination of powder manufacturers is tested by FTIR/ATR investigation of GSR. Identifying the specific compounds in the GSR by FTIR/ATR was not possible because it is a mixture of the debris of several compounds that compose the residue. However, it is shown that the GSR from different cartridges has characteristic FTIR/ATR bands that may be useful in differentiating the powder manufacturers. It appears promising that the development of AFM and FTIR/ATR databases for various powder manufacturers may be useful in analysis and identification of GSR.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: Growing evidence of an epidemic? (2011)

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-viral-related chronic liver disease has gradually increased in Japan. Obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 have been established as a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by epidemiologic observations and experimental studies. The risks of these factors for HCC are likely conferred by two factors: the increased risk for development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the carcinogenic potential of themselves. Hepatocellular carcinoma in NASH is difficult to evaluate because histological diagnosis is required for diagnosis of NASH, which can lead selection bias. Furthermore, end-stage NASH is in effect "burned-out" NASH, for which the diagnosis of NASH cannot be made any more. At all events, previous studies on the etiology of Japanese HCC showed that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease accounts for 1-5% of all HCC (male predominant, median age 72 years). They have high prevalences of obesity and/or diabetes mellitus type 2 and 10-75% of the HCC arose from non-cirrhotic livers. HCC in NASH may be of multicentric origin, similar to HCC based on viral hepatitis. Regular screening for HCC is extremely important especially in cirrhotic NASH patients and recurrence should be warned. In western and Asian countries, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population is increasing dramatically. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate pathogenesis and clinical features of HCC in NASH. In this review we summarize current concepts for HCC in NASH.
Speech enabled e-learning for adult literacy tutoring (2004)

It is estimated in a recent OECD International Adult Literacy Survey that up to 500,000 Irish adults are functionally illiterate, that is many people have difficulty in reading and understanding everyday documents. We address this problem by allowing users to interact with speech enabled e-learning literacy content using multimodal interfaces. We present two experimental prototypes that explore technical solutions and identify an application architecture suitable for literacy e-learning. The implementation of an evolutionary prototype that uses client side technology is described and feedback from this phase of the project is reported.
Prediction of Optimal Atrioventricular Delay in Patients with Implanted DDD Pacemakers (1999)

In patients with an implanted DDD pacemaker (PM), the atrial contribution may be interrupted by too short an atrioventricular (AV) delay, and filling time may be shortened by too long an AV delay. The AV delay at which the end of the A wave on transmitral flow coincides with complete closure of the mitral valve may be optimal. The subjects were 15 patients [70.3+/-12.3 (SD) years old] with an implanted DDD PM. Cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were measured by Swan-Ganz catheter. Transmitral flow was recorded by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. AV delay was prolonged stepwise by 25 msc. When the AV delay was set at 155+/-26 ms, the end of the A wave coincided with complete closure of the mitral valve. When the AV delay was prolonged 25, 50, 75, and 100 ms from this AV delay, the interval between the end of the A wave and complete closure of mitral the valve was prolonged 16+/-5, 39+/-6, 65+/-4 and 88+/-5 ms, respectively (r = 0.97, P<0.0001) and diastolic mitral regurgitation was observed during this period. Thus, the optimal AV delay may be predicted as follows: the slightly prolonged AV delay minus the interval between the end of the A wave and complete closure of the mitral valve. When the AV delay was set at 215 ms, there was a significant positive correlation between the predicted optimal AV delay (166+/-23 ms) and the optimal AV delay (CO: 161+/-26 msec, r = 0.93, P<0.0001, PCWP: 161+/-28 msec, r = 0.95, P<0.0001). In conclusion, optimal AV delay can be predicted by this simple formula: slightly prolonged AV delay minus the interval between end of A wave and complete closure of mitral valve at the AV delay setting.
Restricted Diversity of Antigen Binding Residues of Antibodies Revealed by Computational Alanine Scanning of 227 Antibody–Antigen Complexes (2014)

Antibody molecules are able to recognize any antigen with high affinity and specificity. To get insight into the molecular diversity at the source of this functional diversity, we compiled and analyzed a non-redundant aligned collection of 227 structures of antibody-antigen complexes. Free energy of binding of all the residue side chains was quantified by computational alanine scanning, allowing the first large-scale quantitative description of antibody paratopes. This demonstrated that as few as 8 residues among 30 key positions are sufficient to explain 80% of the binding free energy in most complexes. At these positions, the residue distribution is not only different from that of other surface residues but also dependent on the role played by the side chain in the interaction, residues participating in the binding energy being mainly aromatic residues, and Gly or Ser otherwise. To question the generality of these binding characteristics, we isolated an antibody fragment by phage display using a biased synthetic repertoire with only two diversified complementarity-determining regions and solved its structure in complex with its antigen. Despite this restricted diversity, the structure demonstrated that all complementarity-determining regions were involved in the interaction with the antigen and that the rules derived from the natural antibody repertoire apply to this synthetic binder, thus demonstrating the robustness and universality of our results.
Nonparametric Spherical Topic Modeling with Word Embeddings (2016)

Traditional topic models do not account for semantic regularities in language. Recent distributional representations of words exhibit semantic consistency over directional metrics such as cosine similarity. However, neither categorical nor Gaussian observational distributions used in existing topic models are appropriate to leverage such correlations. In this paper, we propose to use the von Mises-Fisher distribution to model the density of words over a unit sphere. Such a representation is well-suited for directional data. We use a Hierarchical Dirichlet Process for our base topic model and propose an efficient inference algorithm based on Stochastic Variational Inference. This model enables us to naturally exploit the semantic structures of word embeddings while flexibly discovering the number of topics. Experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms competitive approaches in terms of topic coherence on two different text corpora while offering efficient inference.
Simultaneous Neural Machine Translation using Connectionist Temporal Classification (2019)

Simultaneous machine translation is a variant of machine translation that starts the translation process before the end of an input. This task faces a trade-off between translation accuracy and latency. We have to determine when we start the translation for observed inputs so far, to achieve good practical performance. In this work, we propose a neural machine translation method to determine this timing in an adaptive manner. The proposed method introduces a special token '', which is generated when the translation model chooses to read the next input token instead of generating an output token. It also introduces an objective function to handle the ambiguity in wait timings that can be optimized using an algorithm called Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC). The use of CTC enables the optimization to consider all possible output sequences including '' that are equivalent to the reference translations and to choose the best one adaptively. We apply the proposed method into simultaneous translation from English to Japanese and investigate its performance and remaining problems.
Extended simulated annealing for the TSPs (2005)

An extended simulated annealing(ESA), based on grand canonical ensemble, is proposed. An ESA is used to solve the augmented traveling salesman problem(ATSP) and the multiple traveling salesman problem(MTSP). Experimental results show that ESA has salient features such as simplicity and ability to find high-quality solutions as simulated annealing has.
Determining privacy utility trade-off for Online Social Network data publishing (2015)

Online Social Network (OSN) data holders like Facebook, Twitter, Linked-In release their data to third parties such as researchers, data mining practitioners etc. Third parties mine the released data and help data holders gain deeper insights about the network. Releasing the social network graph in its actual form results in loss of privacy. As a result OSN users could end up losing trust that they have on the data holders which would degrade the growth of social capital immensely. To prevent unwanted privacy breaches the social network graph is anonymized before it is released. Various graph anonymization algorithms could be used for anonymizing the social network graph. These algorithms perturb actual graph to produce the final graph which could be released for mining. Perturbation reduces utility of the graph and gives better privacy protection. Graph released with fewer modifications would have greater utility but would also increase the risk of privacy breaches. Balancing the right combination of privacy-utility is a challenging task. Hence, in this work we implement and validate a solution which helps the data holders choose the best edge anonymizing scheme that could guarantee an optimal privacy utility trade-off for publishing OSN data.
New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase, Ontario, Canada (2011)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Minimum delay routing in stochastic network (1993)

The authors consider the problem of traveling with least expected delay in networks whose link delays change probabilistically according to Markov chains. This is a typical routing problem in dynamic computer communication networks. Several optimization problems, posed on infinite and finite horizons, are formulated, and they are considered with and without using memory in the decision-making process. It is proved that all these problems are, in general, intractable. However, for networks with nodal stochastic delays, a simple polynomial optimal solution is presented. This is typical of high-speed networks, in which the dominant delays are incurred by the nodes. For more general networks, a tractable in -optimal solution is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Can We Improve the Nutritional Quality of Legume Seeds? (2003)

The Food and Agriculture Organization statistics for 2001 ( ) show that 274 million metric tons of grain legumes were produced across the world, of which 177 million were soybeans ( Glycine max ; one-half of which were produced in the U.S.)
Consumer and industrial prices in 2020 - the year of the coronavirus (2020)

The current coronavirus crisis has influenced everyone's lives, as government restrictions and closures have been in place for a long time, affecting almost the whole economy. People are spending more time at home and changing their consumer habits. The lower consumption is also naturally affecting industrial producers' pricing decisions. On the other hand, the negative demand shock induced by the pandemic, which is fostering lower prices, is being dampened by fiscal stimuli introduced by governments and central banks to boost their economies. However, the end effect is always unclear in advance. This article therefore examines the indices used most often to monitor prices and describes the differences observed in individual areas during the coronavirus crisis so far. On a general level, we demonstrate that the industrial producer price index and the consumer price index have both declined this year. Looked at in more detail, however, this finding does not apply to all economic sectors.
A volumetric respirometer for long-term studies of small aquatic animals (1968)

A modified volumetric respirometer was constructed for an extended series of precise determinations of the respiration of small aquatic animals. Food could be introduced and all operations could be carried out without disturbance to the animal. Provisions were made for the introduction of filtered, bacteria-free sea water between experimental runs. The advantages of the volumetric technique were combined with those of a running-water system to allow the continuous measurement of oxygen consumption under controlled conditions.
Chapter 6. Virtual and Rapid Prototyping Design evaluation of virtual clay models using selective laser sintering (1999)

Subject of this research is the complete integration of the styling process into the computer­ aided product development and thus to optimise the process chain design and to close media gaps. A new voxel-based 3D modeller is developed, the Virtual Clay Modelling System (VCM) (I), allowing the stylist to work with the virtual clay model in strong analogy to conventional clay modelling, supported by advanced VR-techniques. The VCM provides a STL- and CLI -interface, which serve as input for the selective laser sintering (SLS) process.
CS based specular multipath exploitation in TWRI under wall position uncertainties (2014)

Through-the-wall radar imaging utilizes electromagnetic wave propagation to reveal the locations of obscured targets. Indirect signal propagation paths, usually considered a nuisance, may be used to improve the quality of through-the-wall radar images. However, imperfect knowledge of the surrounding scatterers, i.e. the interior walls of a building, has adverse effects on such multipath exploitation schemes. We propose a joint scene reconstruction and wall position estimation approach based on compressive sensing. This enables effective and reliable utilization of indirect propagation paths resulting in clutter-free images of stationary indoor scenes. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stanniocalcin stimulates phosphate reabsorption by flounder renal proximal tubule in primary culture (1994)

The effects of several hormones on transepithelial Pi transport were determined in primary monolayer cultures of winter flounder proximal tubule epithelium in Ussing chambers. Salmon stanniocalcin (STC) had a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on net Pi reabsorption within the normal plasma hormone concentration range, 12.5-50 ng/ml (0.25-1.0 nM). Net Pi transport was significantly altered by STC (200 ng/ml) within 30 min and progressively increased from slight net secretion (0.26 +/- 0.744 nmol.cm-2.h-1) in untreated controls to net reabsorption (1.96 +/- 0.729 nmol.cm-2.h-1) after 3 h. The STC effect was mimicked by 10 microM forskolin, whereas 10 microM H-89, a highly specific protein kinase A inhibitor, significantly decreased both STC- and forskolin-induced Pi reabsorption. The release of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was increased more than twofold after a 1-h exposure to STC. This hormone had no effect on transepithelial Ca2+ transport. The results indicate that STC directly stimulates net renal Pi reabsorption by a cAMP-dependent pathway. In addition to STC, bovine parathyroid hormone (100 nM) and ovine prolactin (100 nM) significantly increased net Pi reabsorptive flux.