gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflow Analysis and Optimization of Slotted Liners (2000)

Abstract Slotted liners have been used for many years to provide sand control in oil industry applications. They are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and tolerant of installation loads, but historically they have not been able to offer the very small opening sizes of wire-wrap screens for controlling production of fine sands. However, recent advances in slot manufacturing methods provide slot openings that match and surpass the size and tolerance of wire-wrap screens. Furthermore, slotted liners offer an advantage in providing a variable slot density that can be used to optimize inflow or outflow distributions. In the development of its South Bolney reservoir, Marathon Oil Canada and Noetic Engineering Inc. performed an analytical evaluation of inflow characteristics for a new generation of commercially available slots. Several interesting conclusions were reached, the most significant being that inflow resistance depends much more strongly on slot density than on open area. The inflow characterization was also used to develop an optimized slot density distribution to promote more uniform production over the entire well. The slotting design was incorporated into a new well that was designed to control thermally induced loads, thereby avoiding the sand control characteristics of slotted liner being compromised.
d‐α‐Tocopherol inhibits low density lipoprotein induced proliferation and protein kinase C activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (1993)

Native and malondialdehyde modified low density lipoproteins have been shown to stimulate smooth muscle cell proliferation (A7r5) in vitro. The stimulation is associated with an increase of protein kinase C activity. d-alpha-Tocopherol, at physiological concentrations, has been found to inhibit both protein kinase C activity and cell proliferation.
Near-field acoustic levitation of planar specimens using flexural vibration (1996)

In conventional acoustic levitation, the specimens to be levitated are limited to very light ones of a few milligrams to a few tens of milligrams. The authors have learned that specimens with a weight of several kilograms can be levitated stably by direct sound radiation pressure. The specimen material is not important. The requirement is only that the surface of the specimen exposed to the sound wave must be flat. The fundamental characteristics of near-field levitation were experimentally studied with the use of a flexural vibration plate. The following results were obtained: (1) The size of levitation specimen should be longer than 3/2 wavelength of the flexural vibration in order to levitate stably. (2) The relationship between the levitation distance and the mass per unit area is proportion to −1/2 power. (3) The levitation distance is proportional to the displacement amplitude. This phenomenon can be used in noncontact transportation of planar objects such as Si wafer and glass plates.
Temporal Subtraction Technique for Detection of Subtle Anomalies on Temporally Sequential Bone-subtracted Chest Radiographs by Energy Subtraction (2000)

We developed a temporal subtraction technique for the detection of subtle anomalies on temporally sequential bone-subtracted chest radiographs(soft tissue image)by energy subtraction. To recognized the temporal changes in a current soft tissue image in comparison with those in a previous soft tissue image, we attempted to enhance the changes by a difference image processing technique. The lung markings were enhanced by the first derivative filter. The image registration for the lung marking on both images by the sequential similarity detection algorithm(SSDA)method was then employed. The soft tissue image provided by the energy subtraction technique was excellent in its detection of subtle abnormalities in the lung, and this method was able to detect subtle abnormalities such as infiltrates and nodules missed in screening. It was suggested that this temporal subtraction technique improves accuracy when radiologists diagnose soft tissue chest images by x-ray energy subtraction.
Syntheses of Batzelline A, Batzeline B, Isobatzelline A, and Isobatzelline B (1999)

Batzellines A and B (1a, b) and isobatzellines A and B (2a, b) are 1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline-containing marine alkaloids characterized by the presence of a methylthio substituent at C-2 of the tricyclic system. We describe here the total synthesis of these natural compounds following the synthetic strategy that we have used previously for the synthesis of damirones A and B, batzelline C, isobatzelline C, discorhabdin C, and makaluvamines A, B, C, and D. The introduction of the methylthio group by electrophilic substitution of a pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline, appropriately substituted and in a suitable oxidation state, is the key step in the success of these syntheses.
Evidence that the <i>SKI</i> Antiviral System of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Acts by Blocking Expression of Viral mRNA (1993)

The SKI2 gene is part of a host system that represses the copy number of the L-A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus and its satellites M and X dsRNA, of the L-BC dsRNA virus, and of the single-stranded replicon 20S RNA. We show that SKI2 encodes a 145-kDa protein with motifs characteristic of helicases and nucleolar proteins and is essential only in cells carrying M dsRNA. Unexpectedly, Ski2p does not repress M1 dsRNA copy number when M1 is supported by aN L-A cDNA clone; nonetheless, it did lower the levels of M1 dsRNA-encoded toxin produced. Since toxin secretion from cDNA clones of M1 is unaffected by Ski2p, these data suggest that Ski2p acts by specifically blocking translation of viral mRNAs, perhaps recognizing the absence of cap or poly(A). In support of this idea, we find that Ski2p represses production of beta-galactosidase from RNA polymerase I [no cap and no poly(A)] transcripts but not from RNA polymerase II (capped) transcripts.
F/A-18(A-D) Wing Root Fatigue Life Expended (FLE) Prediction Without the Use of Strain Gage Data (2010)

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Organizational volatility and its effects on software defects (2010)

The key premise of an organization is to allow more efficient production, including production of high quality software. To achieve that, an organization defines roles and reporting relationships. Therefore, changes in organization's structure are likely to affect product's quality. We propose and investigate a relationship between developer-centric measures of organizational change and the probability of customer-reported defects in the context of a large software project. We find that the proximity to an organizational change is significantly associated with reductions in software quality. We also replicate results of several prior studies of software quality supporting findings that code, change, and developer characteristics affect fault-proneness. In contrast to prior studies we find that distributed development decreases quality. Furthermore, recent departures from an organization were associated with increased probability of customer-reported defects, thus demonstrating that in the observed context the organizational change reduces product quality.
Shoulder instability Assessment of anterior-posterior translation with a knee laxity tester (1995)

We developed a simple method to measure the anterior-posterior (AP) translation of the shoulder joint: by positioning the Donjoy Knee Laxity Tester horizontally over the shoulder girdle, the AP translation was measured after applying a standardized sagittal force. Measurement of AP-translation during two tests on the same shoulder was reproducible with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.996. In normal subjects the mean side difference was 0.6 mm, corresponding to a p-value of 1.00. In patients with unilateral instability AP-translation was significantly larger on the injured shoulder. Furthermore, the intraindividual differences in AP-translation were significantly larger in patients with unilateral instability than in normal subjects. Individuals with multidirectional instability had significantly higher values than any of the other groups.
Location of production zones with pressure gradient logging (1981)

The fact that geothermal wells produce from only a limited number of discrete fractures or feed zones often gives rise to confusing temperature and pressure logs. This is because the wells frequently are flowing from one zone to another while the measurements are made - even though the well is shut in. Interpretation of the temperature and pressure logs is then difficult unless the location of the feed zones can be determined and the internal flows recognized. Although this may often be determined by an experienced reservoir engineer there remains considerable room for ambiguity. A method is presented for locating the feed zones and simultaneously registering upward or downward flows by comparing the measured pressure gradient with the hydrostatic gradient calculated from a simultaneously run temperature log. Demonstration of the technique in Cerro Prierto is shown.
Near-Infrared Light Photocontrolled Targeting, Bioimaging, and Chemotherapy with Caged Upconversion Nanoparticles <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> (2013)

The major challenge in current chemotherapy is to increase local effective therapeutic concentration of drugs as well as to minimize toxicity and side effects for patients. The targeted delivery of drugs to their desired site of action in a controlled manner plays an essential role in the development of drug formulations. A photocage refers to a caged molecule rendered biologically inert by a photolabile protecting group. Molecules are illuminated with light to liberate the caged group and then become active forms. In this study, we formulate upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the NIR-triggered targeting and drug delivery vehicles that successfully deliver in vitro and in vivo for near-infrared light photocontrolled targeting, bioimaging, and chemotherapy. It is noted that there has been no report on the systemic administration UCNP-based drug delivery agents for evaluation of bioimaging and chemotherapy. To achieve phototargeting, the tumor-homing agent (i.e., folic acid) has been constructed as a photoresponsive molecule. For the chemotherapeutic effect, the antitumor drug doxorubicin is thiolated on the surface of UCNPs, forming a disulfide bond that can be cleaved by lysosomal enzymes within the cells. The caged UNCPs can serve as a platform for the improvement of selective targeting and possible reduction of adverse side effects from chemotherapy.
Hypermedia photonic information network based on WDM-SCM broadcast and select switching (2002)

The hypermedia photonic information network (HM-PIN) has been proposed as a future broadband network providing home users, at reasonable cost, with 10-20 Mb/s communication channels for MPEG-2-class high-quality video and voice data. The proposed HM-PIN architecture consists of many local broadcast-and-select (B&S) switch networks and a backbone network. The access layer is a simple point-to-point logical link, such as an ATM-PDS, and all connection services are realized at local networks by B&S switching. A backbone network consisting of a WDM path network and large capacity photonic ATM routers realizes a service-independent large-capacity full-mesh path among these local networks.
Neighborhood Drug Arrest Rates: Are They A Meaningful Indicator Of Drug Activity? A Research Note (2003)

Criminologists have long debated the validity of arrest data as a measure of crime at the aggregate level. It has been argued that arrest data may reflect differences in police behavior across neighborhoods rather than differences in offending rates. Consequently, criminologists have generally come to favor less processed data. Unfortunately, official counts of drug offenses are generally available only in terms of arrests, making official drug data particularly susceptible to validity questions. In this study, the authors examine the validity of drug arrest data at the neighborhood level by analyzing the extent to which police arrest rates for drug trafficking can be accounted for by survey measures of the frequency of drug trafficking, as well as neighborhood-level variables thought to be associated with police discretion. Findings suggest support for the use of drug arrest data as a meaningful measure of the relative level of visible drug activity among neighborhoods.
Construction and characterization of adenoviral vectors expressing cytokines for cancer immunotherapy (1997)

Not Available.
Tandem Ireland−Claisen Rearrangement Ring-Closing Alkene Metathesis in the Construction of Bicyclic β-Lactam Carboxylic Esters (2000)

4-Alkenyl-2-azetidinone systems were converted to the corresponding ethyl 2-¿4-alkenyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinyl-4-pentenoates. In addition, 4-(2-propenyl-1-oxy)-, 4-(2-propenyl-1-thio)-, 4-¿N-(2-propenyl)-(4-toluenesulfonyl)- and (3S, 4R)-4-(2-propenyl)-3-¿(1R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl-++ +azeti din-2-one were converted into beta-lactam dienes via sequential N-alkylation, Ireland-Claisen ester enolate rearrangement and esterification. Ring-closing metathesis using the Schrock ¿(CF(3))(2)MeCO(2)Mo(=CHCMe(2)Ph)(=NC(6)H(3)-2,6-iso-Pr(2)) (1) or Grubbs Cl(2)(Cy(3)P)(2)Ru=CHPh (2) carbenes gave a series of ¿5.2.0 and ¿6.2.0 bicycles. Subsequent elaboration of the analogous (2R,7R, 8S)-tert-butyl 8-¿(1R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl-1-aza-9-oxobicyclo++ +¿5.2. 0non-4-ene-2-carboxylate (15), via selenation and desilylation, gave (+)-(2S,7R,8S)-tert-butyl 8-¿(1R)-hydroxyethyl-1-aza-9-oxobicyclo¿5.2.0nona-2, 4-diene-2-carboxylate (18), a novel type of bicyclic beta-lactam. Diels-Alder cycloaddition further afforded tetracyclic systems exemplified by tert-butyl (1R,4S,5R,7S)-4-¿(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl-3,9, 11-trioxo-10-phenyl-2,8,10,12-tetraazatetracyclo¿5.5.2.0.(2, 5)0(8, 12)tetradec-13-ene-1-carboxylate (19).
Experiences with knowledge-base and large database integration (2002)

The authors discuss the integration of several knowledge bases and a large database in the context of a manufacturing simulation. This simulation is referred to as the work load model. The knowledge bases are network data structures providing inheritance and rule-based definition/execution. The simulation represents the production activities at numerous individual facilities and is used to determine if a production schedule can be satisfied. The simulation is supplied with data from a large relational database that includes production facility characteristics as well as component information. The authors also illustrate the problems inherent in the exchange of data among a group of loosely coupled knowledge bases and traditional databases. It is demonstrated that the integration of large databases, knowledge bases, and object-oriented simulations is feasible and provides very attractive benefits such as modularity, flexibility, and execution efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A systematic review of treatments for severe psoriasis. (2000)

This systematic review of the evidence base was carried out to compare the effectiveness of currently available treatments for severe psoriasis and to identify areas in need of further research.
Role of nanostructures in improvising oral medicine (2019)

The most preferable mode of drugs administration is via the oral route but physiological barriers such as pH, enzymatic degradation etc. limit the absolute use of this route. Herein lies the importance of nanotechnology having a wide range of applications in the field of nano-medicine, particularly in drug delivery systems. The exclusive properties particularly small size and high surface area (which can be modified as required), exhibited by these nanoparticlesrender these structures more suitable for the purpose of drug delivery. Various nanostructures, like liposomes, dendrimers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, etc. have been designed for the said purpose. These nanostructures have several advantages over traditional administration of medicine. Apart from overcoming the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics limitations of many potential therapeutic molecules, they may also be useful for advanced drug delivery purposes like targeted drug delivery, controlled release, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In this review, we attempt to describe an up-to-date knowledge on various strategically devised nanostructures to overcome the problems related to oral drug administration.
Role of the colony-stimulating factors in other disease states (1995)

The possibility must be considered that abnormally high or low levels of CSF, either systematic or at a local level, produce or contribute to disease development. Information on this issue remains somewhat limited because of the technical difficulty of estimating local-tissue CSF concentrations. The special question of the relation of the CSFs to myeloid leukemia development will be discussed in Chapter 13.
Table of Isotopes (1967)

This 2-volume work contains nuclear structure and decay data for over 3,100 isotopes and isomers. Features: References data from thousands of pages of figures and tables. Encompasses about twice as much data as the previous edition. The extensive appendices have been entirely rewritten, expediting retrieval and use of nuclear information for many areas of research, and for users with varying levels of expertise.
A Supramolecular Photocatalyst for the Production of Hydrogen and the Selective Hydrogenation of Tolane (2006)

Light-driven metallo-organic catalysis: Intramolecular photoelectron transfer in the heterodinuclear complex 1 facilitates the photocatalytic production of hydrogen and the selective hydrogenation of tolane to give cis-stilbene. All three well-coordinated parts of the supramolecular system are essential: the (tbbpy)2Ru fragment as a photoactive unit, the redox-active bridging ligand as an electron relay and storage site, and the palladium as a catalytically active center. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z600543_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The four murine peroxisomal ABC‐transporter genes differ in constitutive, inducible and developmental expression (1999)

Four ATP-binding cassette (ABC) half-transporters have been identified in mammalian peroxisomes: adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP), adrenoleukodystrophy-related protein (ALDRP), 70-kDa peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP70) and PMP70-related protein (P70R). Inherited defects in ALDP cause the neurodegenerative disorder X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). By comparative Northern blot analyses we found each of the four murine peroxisomal ABC transporter mRNA species at maximum abundance only in a few tissues, which differed for each family member. The four genes were also regulated differentially during mouse brain development: ALDP mRNA was most abundant in embryonic brain and gradually decreased during maturation; ALDRP and P70R mRNA accumulated in the early postnatal period; and the amount of PMP70 transcript increased slightly during the second and third postnatal week. The different expression patterns could explain why beta-oxidation is defective in X-ALD, although ALDRP and PMP70 can replace ALDP functionally in fibroblasts. Dietary fenofibrate had no effect on the ALD and P70R genes, but strongly increased expression of the ALDR and PMP70 genes in mouse liver. However, in P-glycoprotein Mdr1a-deficient mice fenofibrate treatment increased ALDR gene expression also in the brain, suggesting that the multidrug-transporter P-glycoprotein restricts entry of fenofibrate to the brain at the blood-brain barrier. Analysis of the promoter sequences revealed a cryptic nuclear hormone receptor response element of the DR+4 type in the ALDR promoter and a novel 18-bp sequence motif present only in the 5' flanking DNA of the ALDR and PMP70 genes. The mouse ALDR gene uses a single transcription start site but alternative polyadenylation sites. These data are of importance for the use of ALDP-deficient mice as a model in pharmacological gene therapy studies.
Evaluating Cloud Platform Architecture with the CARE Framework (2010)

There is an emergence of Cloud application platforms such as Microsoft's Azure, Google's App Engine and Amazon's EC2/SimpleDB/S3. Startups and Enterprise alike, lured by the promise of `infinite scalability', `ease of development', `low infrastructure setup cost' are increasingly using these Cloud service building blocks to develop and deploy their web based applications. However, the precise nature of these Cloud platforms and the resultant Cloud application runtime behavior is still largely an unknown. Given the black box nature of these platforms, and the novel programming and data models of Cloud, there is a dearth of tools and techniques for enabling the rigorously evaluation of Cloud platforms at runtime. This paper introduces the CARE (Cloud Architecture Runtime Evaluation) approach, a framework for evaluating Cloud application development and runtime platforms. CARE implements a unified interface with WSDL and REST in order to evaluate different Cloud platforms for Cloud application hosting servers and Cloud databases. With the unified interface, we are able to perform selective high stress and low stress evaluations corresponding to desired test scenarios. Result shows the effectiveness of CARE in the evaluation of Cloud variations in terms of scalability, availability and responsiveness, across both compute and storage capabilities. Thus placing CARE as an important tool in the path of Cloud computing research.
Synthesis of Aliphatic Ketones from Allylic Alcohols through Consecutive Isomerization and Chelation-Assisted Hydroacylation by a Rhodium Catalyst (2002)

An allylic alcohol, utilized as a precursor for an aliphatic aldehyde, reacted with olefins to afford aliphatic ketones in the presence of RhCl(PPh3)3, 2-amino-4-picoline, aniline, and benzoic acid through a tandem reaction of an isomerization and a chelation-assisted hydroacylation.
NO<sub>2</sub>Formation in the Mixing Region of Hot Burned Gas with Cool Air—Effect of Surrounding Air (1985)

Abstract Conservation equations are numerically solved for the hot burned gas of methane-air with surrounding air with or without unburned methane to investigate the influence of the presence of unburned hydrocarbon in the surrounding air and of the surrounding gas temperature on the formation of N02 in the mixing region of hot burned gases with surrounding cool air. The spatial distributions of temperature and species concentrations in the gas mixture were predicted in laminar flow field at atmospheric pressure. In the mixing region, the presence of unburned methane in the surrounding air is found to promote the conversion of NO to N02 and its conversion ratio N02/NOx increases with increa se in the amount of unburned methane. The N02 formation in the mixing region is suppressed with increase in the temperature of surrounding air with or without unburned methane.
Identification of Urinary Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2011)

This study demonstrates a novel finding of an association between elevated urinary cytokines TGF-β1 and MCP-1 and AMD. Further development of a urinary biomarker profile could provide a practical tool for detection of early AMD, progression monitoring, and assessment of treatment efficacy.