gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Modulation of Granulomatous Hypersensitivity in <i>Schistosomiasis Mansoni</i> (1975)

Abstract Spontaneous diminution of granuloma formation around schistosome eggs in chronic schistosomiasis mansoni has been demonstrated previously. In the present study these findings were confirmed by injecting schistosome eggs into the pulmonary microvasculature and removing the lungs 8 days later from mice infected for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks; the mean area of inflammation around the eggs was then measured. At 4 weeks a primary reaction was seen, by 8 weeks a massive secondary reaction occurred, but by 12 weeks the lesion was considerably reduced in size, and at 20 weeks it was smaller than the primary reaction. Concomitant measurements of humoral hemagglutinins to soluble egg antigens (SEA) revealed no detectable antibodies at 4 and 6 weeks, relatively low levels at 8 weeks, and an exponential increase in hemagglutinins at 12 weeks and beyond. Immunodiffusion analysis revealed no precipitins at 8 weeks, 1 major band and 2 minor bands at 12 and 16 weeks, and 2 major bands and 1 minor band at 20 weeks. Spleen cells from 8-week-infected mice showed peak migration inhibitory factor (MIF) output at a concentration of 1 µg/ml of soluble egg antigens and suppression of lymphokine secretion at higher concentrations. At 12 and 16 weeks, exponentially lower antigen concentrations both stimulated and suppressed peak MIF output; at 20 weeks MIF was not detectable after stimulation over a wide range of antigen concentrations. Delayed footpad swelling to SEA reached its peak at 10 weeks and declined thereafter, but the response to PPD in tuberculin-sensitized schistosome infected mice remained constant over the period of time studied.
Evaluation of head-up display formats for the F/A-18 Hornet (1989)

This study evaluates symbols and formats for the F/A-18 Hornet head- up display (HUD) and Attitude Directional Indicator (ADI) for use by pilots in recovering from unusual aircraft attitudes. Two surveys were conducted to collect pilot opinions on various symbols and formats, based on past experimental research and current recommendations. For the HUD symbols according to the amount of information these symbols provide for the pilot while he is in an unusual attitude. In some cases, the pilots also were asked to choose their preferred symbols. The second survey was based on the results of the first and was administered to 56 F/A-18 pilots. These pilots selected their preferred HUD or ADI display formats, choosing one from two to five possibilities in each case. The specific symbols and formats that were evaluated are described in detail. Survey results are provided, and recommendations are made for display implementation and for further research and testing of symbols and formats. Keywords: Jet fighters, Attack bombers, These.
Women at war: the story of fifty military nurses who served in Vietnam (1991)

Norman tells the dramatic story of fifty women-members of the Army, Navy, and Air Force Nurse Corps-who went to war, working in military hospitals, aboard ships, and with air evacuation squadrons during the Vietnam War. Here, in a moving narrative, the women talk about why they went to war, the experiences they had while they were there, and how war affected them physically, emotionally, and spiritually.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Wasserstoffpolysulfiden organischer Basen (1954)

Abstract Wasserstoffpolysulfide selbst leicht flüchtiger Amine lassen sich bequem darstellen, wenn man in passenden möglichst dipolfreien Lösungsmitteln Amin und Schwefel löst und langsam Schwefelwasserstoff einleitet. Im allgemeinen entstehen nicht die sauren, sondern die neutralen Wasserstoffpolysulfide mit sieben oder neun Schwefelatomen.
Sensor-based identification of human stress levels (2013)

In this work we present a mobile stress recognition system based on an existing activity recognition system using a hip-worn inertial measurement unit and a chest belt. Integrating activity knowledge, the prediction of different human stress levels in a mobile environment can be enabled while the state of the art is focussed on stress recognition in static environments. Our system has been implemented on an Android mobile phone and evaluated for different Bayesian networks as classifiers. Our implementation is able to operate in real-time with a stress inference rate of 1 Hz. The results of this work indicate that the implemented system is able to differentiate between the states 'No Stress' and 'Stress' in a mobile context. A more detailed distinction of stress in five substates has not been possible in a reliable way to date. With our results, the proposed system can serve as a basis for further improvements with larger data sets and for in-situ testing during disaster assessment.
Marginal Cardiac Allografts Do Not Have Increased Primary Graft Dysfunction in Alternate List Transplantation (2006)

Select marginal donor hearts used in AL HT do not have an increased incidence of PGD. Pre-transplant VAD and prolonged ischemic times are more important determinants of PGD. These data support continued aggressive utilization of marginal donor hearts in AL HT.
Expression of tumor suppressor gene protein PTEN in malignant melanoma (2004)

High expression of PTEN protein was detected in all 30 cases of intracutaneous nevii. The general positive rate in malignant melanoma was 52.9%(27/51), and the positive rates at I, II and III stage were 59.4%(17/32),38.5%(5/13),33.3%(2/6),respectively. The statistical diference between these two groups was prominent (P<0.01). Abnormal expression of PTEN is associated with the development and progression of malignant melanoma, which suggests PTEN is one of new markers to evaluate the patient’s prognosis.
Behavioral, clinical, and physiologic analysis of mice used for ascites monoclonal antibody production. (2000)

Ascites yields can be maximized by performing multiple harvests; however, the well-being of mice used in such protocols should be closely monitored, as suggested here.
Track segment association, fine-step IMM and initialization with doppler for improved track performance (2004)

In this work we present a new track segment association technique to improve track continuity in large-scale target tracking problems where track breakages are common. A representative airborne early warning (AEW) system scenario, which is a challenging environment due to highly maneuvering targets, close target formations, large measurement errors, long sampling intervals, and low detection probabilities, provides the motivation for the new technique. Previously, a tracker using the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimator combined with an assignment algorithm was shown to be more reliable than a conventional Kalman filter based approach in tracking similar targets but it still yielded track breakages due to the difficult environment. In order to combine the broken track segments and improve track continuity, a new track segment association algorithm using a discrete optimization approach is presented. Simulation results show that track segment association yields significant improvements in mean track life as well as in position, speed, and course rms errors. Also presented is a modified one-point initialization technique with range rate measurements, which are typically ignored by other initialization techniques, and a fine-step IMM estimator, which improves performance in the presence of long revisit intervals. Another aspect that is investigated is the benefit of "deep" (multiframe or N-dimensional, with N > 2) association, which is shown to yield significant benefit in reducing the number of false tracks.
Influence of Activin A Supplementation During Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation on Germ Cell Differentiation Potential (2013)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are more similar to "primed" mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs). mEpiSCs, which are derived in Activin A, show an increased propensity to form primordial germ cell (PGC)-like cells in response to bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4). Hence, we hypothesized that hESCs derived in the presence of Activin A may be more competent in differentiating towards PGC-like cells after supplementation with BMP4 compared to standard hESC lines. We were able to successfully derive two hESC lines in the presence of Activin A, which were pluripotent and showed higher base levels of STELLA and cKIT compared to standard hESC lines derived without Activin A addition. Furthermore, upon differentiation as embryoid bodies in the presence of BMP4, we observed upregulation of VASA at day 7, both at the transcript and protein level compared to standard hESC lines, which appeared to take longer time for PGC specification. Unlike other hESC lines, nuclear pSMAD2/3 presence confirmed that Activin signalling was switched on in Activin A-derived hESC lines. They were also responsive to BMP4 based on nuclear detection of pSMAD1/5/8 and showed endodermal differentiation as a result of GATA-6 expression. Hence, our results provide novel insights into the impact of hESC derivation in the presence of Activin A and its subsequent influence on germ cell differentiation potential in vitro.
G1/S control of anchorage-independent growth in the fibroblast cell cycle. (1991)

We have developed methodology to identify the block to anchorage-independent growth and position it within the fibroblast cell cycle. Results with NRK fibroblasts show that mitogen stimulation of the G0/G1 transition and G1-associated increases in cell size are minimally affected by loss of cell anchorage. In contrast, the induction of G1/S cell cycle genes and DNA synthesis is markedly inhibited when anchorage is blocked. Moreover, we demonstrate that the anchorage-dependent transition maps to late G1 and shortly before activation of the G1/S p34cdc2-like kinase. The G1/S block was also detectable in NIH-3T3 cells. Our results: (a) distinguish control of cell cycle progression by growth factors and anchorage; (b) indicate that anchorage mediates G1/S control in fibroblasts; and (c) identify a physiologic circumstance in which the phenotype of mammalian cell cycle arrest would closely resemble Saccharomyces cerevisiae START. The close correlation between anchorage independence in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo emphasizes the key regulatory role for G1/S control in mammalian cells.
A Study on the Action of Ozone and on the Thermal Stability of Nanodiamond (2003)

Abstract Ultradisperse detonation diamond (UDD), a nanodiamond having particle size around 4 nm has been treated with ozone in an aqueous slurry. The reaction kinetics appeared to be relatively slow and long ozonation times were needed in order to functionalize the surface of a special nanodiamond sample with a very low degree of oxidation and foreign groups. The resulting ozonated nanodiamond has been studied by FT‐IR and electronic spectroscopy. It has been shown that the ozonation of cyclohexane and adamantane can be taken as a model reaction for the ozonation of diamond. Together with ketonic groups of various nature formed on the surface of nanodiamond, the ozonation leads also to the formation of simple molecules like for instance HCOOH and HCHO which remain in the water solution and which have been detected by HPLC analysis using a diode‐array detector. The thermal stability of the nanodiamond sample has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA‐DTG) combined with differential thermal analysis (DTA) both under inert atmosphere and in air flow. The studies on thermal stability have been conducted in comparison to a sample of bulk diamond. It appears that the behavior of nanodiamond is completely different than the bulk diamond sample. For instance, under inert atmosphere and at 900°C the weight loss undergone by the nanodiamond is 11.5% while it is negligible in the case of bulk diamond under the same conditions. Similarly, in air flow the nanodiamond burns abruptly above 450°C while bulk diamond starts to burn only above 850°C. These differences have been explained in terms of different particle size and surface functionalization. Keywords: NanodiamondSurfacePurificationOxidationOzoneInfrared spectroscopyOptical propertiesThermal stability Acknowledgments Many thanks to ASI, the Italian Space Agency of Rome (Italy) and to RFBR, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants 01‐05‐65416 and 02‐05‐04001) for the partial financial support of the present work.
Re-evaluation of<i>in Vitro</i>Radiosensitivity of Human Fibroblasts of Different Genetic Origins (1986)

A statistical analysis of the radiosensitivity of 204 different survival curves of nontransformed human fibroblast cell strains of different genetic origins was made using three criteria: the multi-target one-hit model (characterized by parameters n and D0), the surviving fraction for a 2 Gy dose (S2) and the mean inactivation dose (D). D is found to be the best parameter for characterization of anomalous radiosensitivity linked to a genetic disorder and for discrimination between groups of cell strains of differing radiosensitivity. Its use allows the description of a range of 'normal' radiosensitivity for control fibroblasts and the classification of the various genetic disorders as a function of their mean radiosensitivity expressed in terms of D. Nine groups of cell strains appear to exhibit radiosensitivity which differs significantly from that of the controls: seven groups are hypersensitive (ataxia-telangiectasia homozygotes and heterozygotes, Cockayne's syndrome, Gardner's syndrome, 5-oxoprolinuria homozygotes and heterozygotes, Fanconi's anaemia) and two groups are more radioresistant (fibroblasts from retinoblastoma patients and from individuals with chromosome 13 anomalies). Since the coupled parameter n and D0 failed to discriminate between the radiosensitivity of the different genetic groups, we recommend the use of D to make an intercomparison of intrinsic radiosensitivity of nontransformed human fibroblasts.
<title>Multipage document images on the Internet</title> (1996)

While client/server document imaging systems have matured considerably, fully satisfactory mechanisms for distributing and providing interactive access to document images over the World-Wide Web have not yet emerged. The interface functionality of most scanned document viewers and browsers is primitive compared to what is available for revisable-form electronic documents. Common image viewers provide only scrolling within a page, change of magnification and jumping to the next/previous page. By contrast, electronic document browsers often provide content-based operations such as string search with highlighting of search hits, up-down-next-previous navigation through logical structure trees, and hypertext links from indexes and tables of contents to body text. Recently, there have been a number of efforts aimed at enlivening imaged documents by providing more content-based interfaces. Examples include Adobe Capture, Dienst, Xerox's DocuWeb, and the UC Berkeley multivalent document browser. This paper reviews some of the methods currently used for transmitting and browsing page images of documents on the Internet and presents a design for adding some desirable features to future document image browsers.
Estimating Stature from Knee Height for Persons 60 to 90 Years of Age (1985)

Stature is an important variable in several indices of nutritional status that are applicable to elderly persons. However, stature is difficult or impossible to measure in the nonambulatory elderly person, or its value may be spurious if measured in those elderly persons with excessive spinal curvature. Simple equations are presented for estimating the stature of elderly men from a recumbent measure of knee height and for elderly women from a recumbent measure of knee height and age. The 90 per cent error bounds for these equations for an individual are about plus or minus 6.0 cm. Knee height is highly correlated with stature.
Homeothermic Cell Culture in Vitro (1962)

Introduction If the central body temperature is characteristic for the species in homeothermic animals, one could assume that the same temperature will apply also in primary tissue culture. This very simple hypothesis suggested the study of 3 problems: (1) Is the body temperature of an animal the optimal temperature for cell multiplication in tissue culture? (2) What are the maximum and minimum temperatures in which the cells can multiply without visible cytological changes? (3) What is the effect of hyperthermia on the multiplication of latent viruses?? Since some of the viral vaccines are produced in monkey kidney cells, this study was focused on the multiplication of monkey kidney cells at different temperatures and on the effect of hyperthermic cultures on latent monkey viruses. Some of this information has already been reported in a preliminary publication. 1 Materials and Methods Monkey kidney (Erythrocebus patas and cynocephalus) cells were trypsinized in the
Imaging of nanoscale particles in microfluidic devices using super-lens manipulated by optically-induced dielectrophoresis (2016)

Microsphere-assisted microscopy is a recent super-resolution microscopy technique that is a simple but effective approach to resolve features two to four times smaller than the diffraction limit. However, it is still a difficulty to place high-refractive-index microspheres-based super-lens at a specific site of interest, especially inside microfluidic devices. Here, we demonstrate a flexible and cantilever-free method for transporting a microsphere super-lens to a specific site of interest inside a confined microfluidic environment using optically-induced dielectrophoresis. By such method, nanoparticles and subwavelength features of interest can be observed in real-time and large field-of-view super-resolution images can be obtained inside microfluidic devices.
The Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor. 2. Structure-Activity Studies of the Indole Carbazimidamide Class of Agonists (1995)

A number of substituted indole carbazimidamides were prepared and evaluated as 5-HT4 receptor agonists by using the isolated field-stimulated guinea pig ileum preparation. Their selectivity for the 5-HT4 receptor was established by examining their affinity for other 5-HT receptors using radioligand-binding techniques. Several selective and highly potent full as well as partial agonists emerged from this study. For example, 1b,d were found to be the most potent, full 5-HT4 receptor agonist described so far (EC50 = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), being 6 and 4 times more potent than serotonin itself. On the other hand, 5b and 1h appeared as partial 5-HT4 receptor agonists in the nonstimulated guinea pig ileum preparation with potencies, evaluated against serotonin action, respectively similar (5b, Ki = 12 nM) to and 300-fold higher (1h, Ki = 0.04 nM) than serotonin.
MediaDB: A Database of Microbial Growth Conditions in Defined Media (2014)

Isolating pure microbial cultures and cultivating them in the laboratory on defined media is used to more fully characterize the metabolism and physiology of organisms. However, identifying an appropriate growth medium for a novel isolate remains a challenging task. Even organisms with sequenced and annotated genomes can be difficult to grow, despite our ability to build genome-scale metabolic networks that connect genomic data with metabolic function. The scientific literature is scattered with information about defined growth media used successfully for cultivating a wide variety of organisms, but to date there exists no centralized repository to inform efforts to cultivate less characterized organisms by bridging the gap between genomic data and compound composition for growth media. Here we present MediaDB, a manually curated database of defined media that have been used for cultivating organisms with sequenced genomes, with an emphasis on organisms with metabolic network models. The database is accessible online, can be queried by keyword searches or downloaded in its entirety, and can generate exportable individual media formulation files. The data assembled in MediaDB facilitate comparative studies of organism growth media, serve as a starting point for formulating novel growth media, and contribute to formulating media for in silico investigation of metabolic networks. MediaDB is freely available for public use at https://mediadb.systemsbiology.net.
Derivative sampling for multiband signals (1989)

A derivative sampling scheme, where a signal is reconstructed from samples of itselfand its first derivative, is presented for a class of multiband signals whose spectrum (Fourier transform) vanishes outside a bounded union of intervals.
High Performance Computing: Crays, Clusters, and Centers. What Next? (2001)

After 50 years of building high performance scientific computers, two major architectures exist: (1) clusters of “Cray-style” vector supercomputers; (2) clusters of scalar uniand multi-processors. Clusters are in transition from (a) massively parallel computers and clusters running proprietary software to (b) proprietary clusters running standard software, and (c) do-it-yourself Beowulf clusters built from commodity hardware and software. In 2001, only five years after its introduction, Beowulf has mobilized a community around a standard architecture and tools. Beowulf’s economics and sociology are poised to kill off the other architectural lines – and will likely affect traditional super-computer centers as well. Peer-to-peer and Grid communities are beginning to provide significant advantages for embarrassingly parallel problems and sharing vast numbers of files. The Computational Grid can federate systems into supercomputers far beyond the power of any current computing center. The centers will become super-data and super-application centers. While these trends make highperformance computing much less expensive and much more accessible, there is a dark side. Clusters perform poorly on applications that require large shared memory. Although there is vibrant computer architecture activity on microprocessors and on high-end cellular architectures, we appear to be entering an era of super-computing mono-culture. Investing in next generation software and hardware supercomputer architecture is essential to improve the efficiency and efficacy of systems.
Probabilistic tracking of motion boundaries with spatiotemporal predictions (2005)

We describe a probabilistic framework for detecting and tracking motion boundaries. It builds on previous work (M.J. Black and D.J. Fleet, 2000) that used a particle filter to compute a posterior distribution over multiple, local motion models, one of which was specific for motion boundaries. We extend that framework in two ways: 1) with an enhanced likelihood that combines motion and edge support, 2) with a spatiotemporal model that propagates beliefs between adjoining image neighborhoods to encourage boundary continuity and provide better temporal predictions for motion boundaries. Approximate inference is achieved with a combination of tools: sampled representations allow us to represent multimodal non-Gaussian distributions and to apply nonlinear dynamics, while mixture models are used to simplify the computation of joint prediction distributions.