gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal-ammonia reduction and reductive alkylation of N-alkylnaphthalenesulfonamides. A new route to substituted naphthalenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal-ammonia reduction and reductive alkylation of N-alkylnaphthalenesulfonamides. A new route to substituted naphthalenesH. J. E. Loewenthal and L. GottliebCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 9, 2631–2641Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00035a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00035a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Potential of Small Loop-Scavenged Spark-Ignition Single Cylinder Two-Stroke Engines (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The applications of small loop-scavenged, single cylinder, two-stroke spark-ignition engines are widespread due to the specific advantages of this engine concept. Today's engines have, or will soon have, to face stringent pollutant and noise emission regulations and fuel consumption reductions. Advanced technical solutions will have to be applied even in the most compact and lightweight high output power units, which are represented in this paper by a chainsaw and by the most demanding form, namely the two-wheeled, which still has the highest specific output of all homologated vehicles. This paper presents the preliminary solutions, the state-of-the-art research and development and the author's view on the chainsaw and two-wheeled applications and an outlook focusing on the problems especially where the detailed pollutant emissions and their reduction are concerned. Comparisons with the four-stroke cycle and other two-stroke cycle scavenge principles are made. Technical data and detailed dimensions of low emission engines are listed, as well as the exact ingredients of gasoline and two-stroke oil. A comparison of the pollutant emissions of CO, HC, NOx, PAH, aldehydes, ketones and phenols for different vehicle categories is also given.</div>
Low prevalence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in cervical adenocarcinoma in situ, invasive adenocarcinoma, and glandular dysplasia by polymerase chain reaction. (1993)

Using the polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, a positive result was seen in three of 20 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma, 15 of 36 cases of adenocarcinoma in-situ, and one of five cases of glandular dysplasia of the uterine cervix. Types 16 and 18 were found with equal frequency. In adenocarcinoma in situ there was no age difference between HPV-positive and or HPV-negative cases. Concomitant squamous dysplasia was slightly more frequent in HPV-positive adenocarcinoma in-situ. HPV positivity rates are lower than most of those previously reported. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
Reversible adsorption and separation of chlorocarbons and BTEX based on Cu(<scp>ii</scp>)-metal organic framework (2015)

A new porous Cu(<sc>ii</sc>)-MOF which is able to effectively separate VOCs such as chlorocarbons or BTEX is reported.
High-energy infrared femtosecond pulses generated by dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (2015)

We demonstrate high-energy infrared femtosecond pulse generation by a dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) scheme [Opt. Express19, 7190 (2011)]. By employing a 100 mJ pump laser, a signal pulse energy exceeding 20 mJ at a wavelength of 1.4 μm was achieved before dispersion compensation. A total output energy of 33 mJ was recorded. Under a further energy scaling condition, the signal pulse was compressed to an almost transform-limited duration of 27 fs using a fused silica prism compressor. Since the DC-OPA scheme is efficient and energy scalable, design parameters for obtaining 100 mJ level infrared pulses are presented, which are suitable as driver lasers for the energy scaling of high-order harmonic generation with sub-keV photon energy.
Cognitive Impairment and Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (2006)

A considerable amount of evidence supports the relationship between cognitive impairment and functional outcomes in schizophrenia. Cognitive impairment is considered a core feature of schizophrenia that includes problems in speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. These deficits can also serve as an endophenotype for the illness in studies of genetics. Cognition is considered a reasonable treatment target in individuals with schizophrenia, partly because cognitive deficits contribute to poor functional outcomes. Similarly, evidence is beginning to emerge that cognitive impairment may also be a core feature of bipolar disorder. In addition, cognitive deficits adversely affect functional outcomes in bipolar disorder. This evidence suggests that cognition can be considered a reasonable target for intervention in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Seismically regularized controlled-source electromagnetic inversion (2012)

ABSTRACT Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data can be highly sensitive to the presence of resistive hydrocarbon bearing layers in the subsurface. Yet, due to the relatively poor depth resolution of CSEM data and the smoothness constraints imposed by electromagnetic (EM) inversion methods, the resulting resistivity models are often highly smoothed-out, typically underestimating the reservoir resistivity and overestimating its thickness. Conversely, seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) can accurately recover the depths of seismic velocity changes, yet, is relatively insensitive the presence of hydrocarbons. In spite of their low depth resolution, CSEM data have been shown to be highly sensitive to the resistivity-thickness product of buried resistive layers, suggesting that if the thickness of a target layer can be constrained a priori, very accurate resistivity estimates may be obtained. We developed a method for leveraging the high depth resolution of FWI into a standard CSEM inversion algorithm so that the resulting resistivity models have depth constraints imposed by the seismic structure and consequently may obtain more accurate resistivity estimates. The seismically regularized CSEM inversion that we propose is conceptually similar to minimum-gradient support (MGS) regularization, but it uses regularization weights based on gradients in the seismic velocity model rather than the self-reinforcing model resistivity gradients used in the typical MGS scheme. A suite of synthetic model tests showed how this approach compares with standard smooth and MGS inversions for a range of rock types and hence, levels of correlation between the seismic and resistivity structures, showing that a significantly improved resistivity model can be obtained when the velocity and resistivity profiles are correlated in depth. We also found that this regularization weighting method can be extended to use depth constraints from geophysical data other than seismic velocity models. Tests on a real data example from the Pluto gas field demonstrated how the regularization weights can also be set using a nearby well log, resulting in a more compact estimate of the reservoir resistivity than possible with a standard smooth inversion.
Preparation and Grignard reactions of 2-benzoyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Grignard reactions of 2-benzoyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolineJohn F. Hansen and Su WangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 22, 3635–3637Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00884a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00884a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IN VITRO AUGMENTATION OF MACROPHAGE-ACTIVATING-FACTOR RELEASE FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS OF CANCER PATIENTS BY A DNA FRACTION FROM MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS BCG (1990)

Effect of a DNA-rich fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG (MY-1) on the macrophage-activating-factor (MAF)-activity release from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with benign diseases and patients with gastric cancer or colorectal cancer was studied in vitro. The MAF activity was augmented by the addition of 10 micrograms/ml of MY-1 in many cases. Augmentation of the MAF activity in benign disease, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer in stages I to III was observed in five of six cases, eight of 10 cases and five of eight cases, respectively. The activity of MY-1-induced MAF was partially abolished by the treatment with monoclonal anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) antibody. These results suggest that MY-1 augments MAF-activity release from PBL by inducing IFN-gamma and other MAF-like substances.
Randomized double blind study of Curcuma domestica Val. for dyspepsia. (1989)

Curcuma domestica Val. is a medicinal plant. It has been claimed to be effective for dyspepsia. The studies done so far showed no toxicity due to consuming Curcuma domestica Val. The plant has been found to contain volatile oil and curcuminoids which are believed to be the active ingredients. The objective of the study was to test the efficacy of Curcuma domestica Val. rhizome for treatment of dyspepsia compared with a placebo and flatulence in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial carried out in one provincial and 5 community hospitals. One hundred and sixteen adult patients who had acid dyspepsia, flatulent dyspepsia, or atonic dyspepsia were included in the study. Forty-one (41) patients were in the placebo group, 36 and 39 were in the flatulence and Curcuma domestica Val. groups respectively. Each patient received 2 capsules of placebo or study drugs 4 times a day for 7 days. Each patient was then assessed for symptoms response, side effects and satisfaction. Ten patients did not participate in the follow-up. The baseline characteristics of the patients among the three groups were not significantly different. Fifty-three (53) per cent of the patients receiving placebo responded to the treatment whereas 83 per cent of the patients receiving flatulence and 87 per cent of patients receiving Curcuma domestica Val. responded to the treatment. The differences in efficacy between placebo and active drugs were statistically significant and clinically important. Mild and self-limited side effects were observed at similar frequency in the three groups. About 50 per cent of the patients in each group were satisfied with the treatment they received.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detection of Infectious Enteroviruses, Enterovirus Genomes, Somatic Coliphages, and <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> Phages in Treated Wastewater (1998)

In this study, three types of treated wastewater were tested for infectious enteroviruses, the enterovirus genome, somatic coliphages, and Bacteroides fragilis phages. The aim of this work was to determine whether the presence of the two types of bacteriophages or of the enterovirus genome was a good indicator of infectious enterovirus contamination. The enterovirus genome was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Infectious enteroviruses were quantified by cell culturing (BGM cells), and the bacteriophages were quantified by plaque formation on the host bacterium (Escherichia coli or B. fragilis) in agar medium. Forty-eight samples of treated wastewater were analyzed. Sixteen samples had been subjected to a secondary treatment for 8 to 12 h (A), 16 had been subjected to a secondary treatment for 30 h (B1), and 16 had been subjected to both secondary and tertiary treatments (B2). The mean concentrations of somatic coliphages were 4.9 x 10(4) PFU . liter-1 for treatment line A, 9.8 x 10(3) PFU . liter-1 for B1, and 1.4 x 10(3) PFU . liter-1 for B2, with all the samples testing positive (100%). The mean concentrations of B. fragilis phages were 1.7 x 10(3) PFU . liter-1 for A (100% positive samples), 17 to 24 PFU . liter-1 for B1 (44% positive samples), and 0.8 to 13 PFU . liter-1 for B2 (6% positive samples). The mean concentrations of infectious enteroviruses were 4 most probable number of cytopathogenic units (MPNCU) . liter-1 for A (31% positive samples) and <1 MPNCU . liter-1 for B1 and B2 (0% positive samples). The percentages of samples testing positive for the enterovirus genome were 100% for A, 56% for B1, and 19% for B2. The percentages of samples testing positive for the enterovirus genome were significantly higher than those for infectious enteroviruses. This finding may have been due to the presence of noninfectious enteroviruses or to the presence of infectious enteroviruses that do not multiply in BGM cell cultures. However, under our experimental conditions, nondetection of the genome implies the absence of infectious viruses. There was a significant correlation between the concentration of somatic coliphages or B. fragilis phages and the presence of infectious enteroviruses or the presence of the enterovirus genome. However, the somatic coliphage concentration did not lead to fluctuations in the infectious enterovirus concentration, whereas the B. fragilis phage concentration did.
The Human Skin Double-Stranded DNA Virome: Topographical and Temporal Diversity, Genetic Enrichment, and Dynamic Associations with the Host Microbiome (2015)

To date, most cutaneous microbiome studies have focused on bacterial and fungal communities. Skin viral communities and their relationships with their hosts remain poorly understood despite their potential to modulate states of cutaneous health and disease. Previous studies employing whole-metagenome sequencing without purification for virus-like particles (VLPs) have provided some insight into the viral component of the skin microbiome but have not completely characterized these communities or analyzed interactions with the host microbiome. Here we present an optimized virus purification technique and corresponding analysis tools for gaining novel insights into the skin virome, including viral "dark matter," and its potential interactions with the host microbiome. The work presented here establishes a baseline of the healthy human skin virome and is a necessary foundation for future studies examining viral perturbations in skin health and disease.
DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE SUPER-LYOPHOBIC SURFACES (2009)

We propose a systematic design method of super-lyophobic surfaces (SLS) showing extreme low wettability for any liquid for the first time. Design criteria including suspension and pinning conditions and equilibrium stability are essential for SLS. We demonstrate advantages of MEMS technologies for high performance SLS with highly-uniform overhang structures. High contact angle up to 159 and low contact angle hysteresis of 8 have been achieved both for water and hexadecane as well as high robustness and low adhesion.
Principles of Metal Surface Treatment and Protection (1979)

In the preface to his book, Dr. Gabe states that it is not a monograph but a compromise with several categories of reader in mind, thus setting himself a very difficult task. Basically the book appears to be aimed at the metal finishing aspects of courses leading to qualifications from the Institute of Corrosion Technology and the Institute of Metal Finishing.
Coupled Re-Entrant Cavity System for Electromagnetic Levitation (2001)

Abstract This paper describes a coupled re-entrant cavity system which is designed to provide an electric field distribution capable of generating levitation forces on a conducting plate located in the near-field of two or more non-radiating coupling apertures. Re-entrant cavities are used to maximise the levitation field at these apertures which are placed at the re-entrant cavity gap. The system represents a particularly complex electromagnetic boundary value problem and consequently the arrangement has had to be modelled using a finite element simulation package in order to secure a design. Simulation results from the finite element model are compared with the measured results from the final design.
Characterization of Determinants for the Specificity ofArabidopsis Thioredoxins h in Yeast Complementation (2000)

The disruption of the two thioredoxin genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to a complex phenotype, including the inability to use methionine sulfoxide as sulfur source, modified cell cycle parameters, reduced H(2)O(2) tolerance, and inability to use sulfate as sulfur source. Expression of one of the multiple Arabidopsis thaliana thioredoxins h in this mutant complements only some aspects of the phenotype, depending on the expressed thioredoxin: AtTRX2 or AtTRX3 induce methionine sulfoxide assimilation and restore a normal cell cycle. In addition AtTRX2 also confers growth on sulfate but no H(2)O(2) tolerance. In contrast, AtTRX3 does not confer growth on sulfate but induces H(2)O(2) tolerance. We have constructed hybrid proteins between these two thioredoxins and show that all information necessary for sulfate assimilation is present in the C-terminal part of AtTRX2, whereas some information needed for H(2)O(2) tolerance is located in the N-terminal part of AtTRX3. In addition, mutation of the atypical redox active site WCPPC to the classical site WCGPC restores some growth on sulfate. All these data suggest that the multiple Arabidopsis thioredoxins h originate from a totipotent ancestor with all the determinants necessary for interaction with the different thioredoxin target proteins. After duplications each member evolved by losing or masking some of the determinants.
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production by lactic acid bacteria (1998)

Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate was determined in lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus and Streptococcus. Lactobacilli were grown in MRS broth, the others were grown in Elliker broth medium. Cell biomass was obtained by centrifugation. The cell walls were lysed with sodium hypochlorite. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate was extracted using chloroform in a Soxhlet system. Then it was converted to crotonic acid using sulfuric acid and the amount of crotonic acid was measured spectrophotometrically. The yield of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (% of cell dry weight) of Lactobacillus species was 6.6-35.8%. The values for Lactococcus, Pediococcus and Streptococcus species were 9.0-20.9, 1.1-8.0 and 6.8-17.2, respectively. It was observed that one of the Lactobacillus species did not produce poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Generally, Lactobacillus species produced more poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate than the other tested bacteria and no significant correlation was observed between poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate production and cell density of the cultures. (C) 1998 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Liquid- and surface-borne particle measurement handbook (1996)

Particle Characterization in Liquids: Background Information, Alvin Lieberman Microscopy: The Setup and Operation of the Polarized-Light Microscopy Lab for Particle Identification, John Gustav Delly Image Analysis (Automated Microscopy) for Particle Analysis, Thomas A. Barber The Electrical Sensing Zone Method (The Coulter Principle), Roy W. Lines Particle Sizing Using Ensemble Averaging Techniques, Bruce B. Weiner In Situ Particle Measurement, Alvin Lieberman Holographic Methods, Brian J. Thompson Instrumental Analysis of Particulate Matter, Thomas A. Barber Evaluation and Validation of Nondestructive Particle Inspection Methods and Systems, Julius Z. Knapp and Lee R. Abramson Validation of Counting Accuracy in Single-Particle Counters: Application of a New Coincidence Model, Julius Z. Knapp and Lee R. Abramson Particles in Semiconductor Manufacturing Process Liquids, Donald C. Grant and Alvin Lieberman A Systematic Approach for Particle Counting Petroleum Oils, Barry M. Verdegan, Brian W. Schwandt, and Christopher E. Holm Sources of Particulate Matter in Pharmaceutical and Medical Products, Thomas A. Barber Physiological Consequences of Injected Particulates, Lawrence John Pesko Diagnostic Applications of Microspheres, Leigh B. Bangs Reference Materials in Particle Measurements, Renliang Xu Selective Particle Capture with Transparent Sieves in the Evaluation of Contamination in Parenteral Solutions, Julius Z. Knapp Particle Size Distribution Analysis Using Light Scattering, Renliang Xu Industry's Role in the Development of Standards and Controls for Particulate Matter in Small Volume Injectables, John A. Syverson Pharmaceutical Clean Laboratory Operations, Thomas A. Barber Particles in Fluids and on Surfaces: Specialized Bibliography, Alvin Lieberman
Development of behaviour in the hindlimb of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (1967)

The paper is one of a series of studies of the ontogeny of the innervation of the vertebrate limb in which the histogenesis of the nerves is correlated with the development of the pattern of behaviour in the limb. Here, the motility of the developing limb in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis is described, both in the normal larva and those in which the spinal cord is isolated from the brain. In spinal tadpoles the responses of the limb to electrical stimulation are correlated with its normal behaviour.