gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD133 Is Not Present on Neurogenic Astrocytes in the Adult Subventricular Zone, but on Embryonic Neural Stem Cells, Ependymal Cells, and Glioblastoma Cells (2007)

Human brain tumor stem cells have been enriched using antibodies against the surface protein CD133. An antibody recognizing CD133 also served to isolate normal neural stem cells from fetal human brain, suggesting a possible lineage relationship between normal neural and brain tumor stem cells. Whether CD133-positive brain tumor stem cells can be derived from CD133-positive neural stem or progenitor cells still requires direct experimental evidence, and an important step toward such investigations is the identification and characterization of normal CD133-presenting cells in neurogenic regions of the embryonic and adult brain. Here, we present evidence that CD133 is a marker for embryonic neural stem cells, an intermediate radial glial/ependymal cell type in the early postnatal stage, and for ependymal cells in the adult brain, but not for neurogenic astrocytes in the adult subventricular zone. Our findings suggest two principal possibilities for the origin of brain tumor stem cells: a derivation from CD133-expressing cells, which are normally not present in the adult brain (embryonic neural stem cells and an early postnatal intermediate radial glial/ependymal cell type), or from CD133-positive ependymal cells in the adult brain, which are, however, generally regarded as postmitotic. Alternatively, brain tumor stem cells could be derived from proliferative but CD133-negative neurogenic astrocytes in the adult brain. In the latter case, brain tumor development would involve the production of CD133.
Dynamic Determination of Pile Capacity (1985)

A method is presented for determining the axial static pile capacity from dynamic measurements of force and acceleration made under the impact of a large hammer. The basic equation for calculation of the forces resisting pile penetration is derived. The limitations of the basic resistance equation are discussed and illustrative examples of field measurements are given. With the availability of this derivation, it is possible to prove that the Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP) resistance force distribution is unique. Using the assumption that the resistance to penetration can be divided into static and dynamic parts, an expression is developed for calculating the dynamic, resistance to penetration. The resulting method requires the selection of a damping constant which is shown empirically, to relate to soil size distribution. A correlation of Case Method capacity and the capacity observed in static logd tests is given for 69 statically tested piles that were also tested dynamically.
Antigenic specificity of the cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to murine sarcoma virus-induced tumors. II. Analysis of the clonal progeny of CTL precursors stimulated <i>in vitro</i> with syngeneic tumor cells. (1980)

Abstract A sensitive limiting dilution mixed leukocyte-tumor cell microculture (micro MLTC) system is described that permitted the study of frequency and specificity of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor cells (CTL-P) reactive against syngeneic Moloney leukemia virus- (MLV) induced tumor cells. Optimal microculture conditions were found to depend on the addition of secondary mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) supernatant as a nonspecific stimulant, and on the presence of accessory cells in the form of irradiated syngeneic spleen cells. After priming of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with the Moloney sarcoma-leukemia virus complex, the mean CTL-P frequency in regressor spleens was found to be approximately 1/600 and 1/1300, respectively. In reciprocal experiments, the clonal progeny of the individual CTL-P reactive in micro MLTC against syngeneic (MB1-2 in C57BL/6 and LSTRA in BALB/c) tumor cells was tested for cytolytic activity on both syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cells. In a total of 576 microcultures set up in each system, the majority of the positive microcultures lysed syngeneic but not allogeneic tumor target cells; however, of 198 positive B6 cultures, 13 (7%) appeared clearly to be “double-reactors,” lysing both syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cells to a similar degree. No such “double-reactors” were observed in the 119 positive BALB/c cultures. CTL-P with selective specificity for allogeneic tumor target cells appeared either to be absent or present at very low frequencies in both strains tested. These studies provide direct evidence for the existence of limited heterogeneity at the clonal level in the response of CTL-P to MLV-induced tumor cells. Furthermore, the system used should be amenable to a more detailed analysis of the fine specificity of individual clones.
Physiological and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Balanced Steady-state Free Precession (2015)

Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) is a highly efficient pulse sequence that is known to provide the highest signal-to-noise ratio per unit time. Recently, bSSFP is getting increasingly popular in both the research and clinical communities. This review will be focusing on the application of the bSSFP technique in the context of probing the physiological and functional information. In the first part of this review, the basic principles of bSSFP are briefly covered. Afterwards, recent developments related to the application of bSSFP, in terms of physiological and functional imaging, are introduced and reviewed. Despite its long development history, bSSFP is still a promising technique that has many potential benefits for obtaining high-resolution physiological and functional images.
Evolvable hardware with development (1996)

Recent progress in semiconductor technologies enable us to use programmable hardware devices, such as the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). When such devices are combined with evolutionary computing techniques, we can develop hardware capable of evolving its circuit configurations on-the-fly. This is an attractive technology since it simultaneously attains real-time performance and adaptive capability. In this paper, we propose the incorporation of the developmental stage in order to generate a circuit configuration matrix. Using this approach, called the grammar encoding method, we evolve a set of graph rewriting rules, whereas the direct encoding method, a conventional approach, evolves the circuit configuration matrix itself. Our approach allows for non-trivial mapping of genotype and phenotype, as well as structure operation capability. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms the direct encoding method.
The Cylindrical Antenna with Tapered Resistive Loading Scientific Report No. 5 (1965)

Current, input impedance, and far field pattern of cylindrical antenna with tapered resistive loading
Machine learning-based anomaly detection for post-silicon bug diagnosis (2013)

The exponentially growing complexity of modern processors intensifies verification challenges. Traditional pre-silicon verification covers less and less of the design space, resulting in increasing post-silicon validation effort. A critical challenge is the manual debugging of intermittent failures on prototype chips, where multiple executions of a same test do not yield a consistent outcome. We leverage the power of machine learning to support automatic diagnosis of these difficult, inconsistent bugs. During post-silicon validation, lightweight hardware logs a compact measurement of observed signal activity over multiple executions of a same test: some may pass, somemay fail. Our novel algorithm applies anomaly detection techniques similar to those used to detect credit card fraud to identify the approximate cycle of a bug's occurrence and a set of candidate root-cause signals. Compared against other state-of-the-art solutions in this space, our new approach can locate the time of a bug's occurrence with nearly 4x better accuracy when applied to the complex OpenSPARC T2 design.
Improved Intrapulse Raman Scattering Control via Asymmetric Airy Pulses (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate the possibility of tuning the frequency of a laser pulse via the use of an Airy pulse-seeded soliton self-frequency shift. The intrinsically asymmetric nature of Airy pulses, typically featured by either leading or trailing oscillatory tails (relatively to the main lobe), is revealed through the nonlinear generation of both a primary and a secondary Raman soliton self-frequency shift, a phenomenon which is driven by the soliton fission processes. The resulting frequency shift can be carefully controlled by using time-reversed Airy pulses or, alternatively, by applying an offset to the cubic phase modulation used to generate the pulses. When compared with the use of conventional chirped Gaussian pulses, our technique brings about unique advantages in terms of both efficient frequency tuning and feasibility, along with the generation and control of multicolor Raman solitons with enhanced tunability. Our theoretical analysis agrees well with our experimental observations.
Activation of Dry Starter Cultures in Milk (1962)

The revitalization of mixed strain dried starter cultures at 22 and 32 C in sterile skim milk was materially accelerated when the substrate was fortified with 0.2% pancreas-extract solids. At 22 C, all cultures grew up satisfactorily in 18 hr, and in unfortified milk none of the cultures reached comparable growth in this period. When the cultures were grown at 32 C, the dried cultures developed adequately in 7.5 hr, but required 9 to 10 hr in plain milk. Culture growth was enhanced in milk containing pancreas extract to the extent that the amount of dried culture required to produce adequate acidity in normal incubation times could be markedly reduced. At 32 C, certain cultures could be reduced to 12.5% of recommended amounts, and at 22 C certain ones could be reduced by 50%. Revitalization of the dried cultures in milk containing pancreas extract did not affect the growth of subcultures in plain milk. Also, when dried cultures initiated growth in fortified milk at 32 C their subsequent growth at 22 C in milk alone was not affected. The faster rate of culture growth in milk containing pancreas extract should permit, with more certainty, the establishment of active mother and bulk starters. Furthermore, economy of dried cultures, as well as of time, could be realized by the use of fortified milk.
Precise regulation of multiple output voltages in a dc-dc converter (1980)

A new dc-dc converter is presented to perform the precise regulation of multiple output voltages, which is composed of the cascade connection circuit of the improved forward type multiple-output converter and the step-down type single-output converters. In the conventional multiple-output converter using cross regulation, the steady-state errors in the cross regulated outputs cannot be made smaller than some values for the change of the load even if the proportional gain of the feedback controller is increased. Also, in the multiple-output converters with additional switches, which are connected in series with the diode rectifiers in each cross regulated output unit, it is difficult to perform the precise regulation of multiple outputs for the large change of each load. On the other hand, by the method presented here, the satisfactory regulation performance can be achieved easily for the conditions of no load to full load. The steady-state and the dynamic characteristics are clarified through the equivalent circuits, and also it is demonstrated experimentally that this converter has a sufficiently high conversion efficiency.
Development of Si-bridged conjugated donor polymers for high-efficiency bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices (2008)

We report the synthesis and photovoltaic properties of poly[2,7-(9, 9-di-n-octyl-silafluorene)-alt-5,5''-(4', 7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PSiF-DBT). The polymer heterojunction solar cells fabricated from PSiF-DBT as the electron donor blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the electron acceptor exhibited a high powerconversion efficiency up to 5.4% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.90 V, a short-circuit current density of 9.5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and a fill factor of 50.7% under the illumination of AM 1.5 G from a solar simulator (800 W m<sup>-2</sup>). A comparative study between PSiF-DBT and its polyfluorene analogous PFDTBT and PFO-DBT demonstrates that the high performance of PSiF-DBT originated from its red-shifted absorption spectrum up to 680 nm and high mobility of 1 × 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> compared with 645 nm and 3 × 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> for corresponding polyfluorene derivatives, respectively. These results indicate polysilafluorene derivatives are a promising new class of donor materials for polymer solar cells.
Extracellular matrix tenascin‐X in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor B enhances endothelial cell proliferation (2000)

An extracellular matrix tenascin‐X (TNX) is highly expressed in muscular tissues, especially heart and skeletal muscle, and is also prominent around blood vessels. The precise in vivo role of TNX remains to be elucidated. To identify proteins that interact with TNX in the extracellular environment, we searched for TNX‐binding proteins using a yeast two‐hybrid system. We used mouse TNX‐specific fibronectin type III repeats (mTNX/FNIII 13‐25 ) as a bait for the screening. We found that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF‐B) binds to mTNX/FNIII 13‐25 . This interaction was confirmed by pull‐down assays and co‐immunoprecipitation assays. The full‐length mTNX, as well as mTNX/FNIII 13‐25 , interacted with both alternative splice isoforms VEGF‐B 186 and VEGF‐B 167 . Furthermore, the full‐length mTNX also bound to VEGF‐A. The minimal region of TNX that interacts with VEGF‐B was mapped to the FNIII repeats (FNIII 13‐25 ) but not to the other characteristic domains of TNX. The TNX‐binding site of VEGF‐B was located in the N‐terminal 115‐amino acid region. mTNX/FNIII 13‐25 did not prevent the interaction of VEGF‐B with VEGFR‐1 (VEGF receptor 1), and VEGF‐B could simultaneously bind to both mTNX/FNIII 13‐25 and VEGFR‐1. A conditioned medium from transfected 293T cells coexpressing full‐length TNX and VEGF‐B could promote DNA synthesis in bovine endothelial cells in which VEGFR‐1 were expressed. VEGFR‐1 phosphorylation triggered by VEGF‐B 186 were increased in cells plated with mTNX/FNIII 13‐25 or full‐length mTNX, compared with cells plated with VEGF‐B 186 alone. TNX interacts with VEGF‐B and enhances the ability of VEGF‐B to stimulate cell proliferation. This enhanced mitogenecity is caused by increased signals mediated by the VEGFR‐1 receptor. This finding suggests a role for TNX in the regulation of the development of blood vessels such as vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Recent Legislative Developments (1990)

At the February 1990 Group of Sessions of the General Synod Amending Canon No. 14 was promulged. This Canon is part of the package of amending rules which have modified the Election Rules of the three Houses of the General Synod in preparation for the elections to take place in July to October this year.
Supercritical fluid technology: a promising approach in pharmaceutical research (2012)

Supercritical fluids possess the unique properties of behaving like liquids and gases, above their critical point. Supercritical fluid technology has recently emerged as a green and novel technique for various processes such as solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs, plasticization of polymers, surface modification, nanosizing and nanocrystal modification, and chromatographic extraction. Research interest in this area has been fuelled because of the numerous advantages that the technology offers over the conventional methods. This work aims to review the merits, demerits, and various processes such as rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), particles from gas saturated solutions (PGSS), gas antisolvent process (GAS), supercritical antisolvent process (SAS) and polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS), that have enabled this technology to considerably raise the interest of researchers over the past two decades. An insight has been given into the numerous applications of this technology in pharmaceutical industry and the future challenges which must be appropriately dealt with to make it effective on a commercial scale.
Gas separation by high‐flux, asymmetric hollow‐fiber membrane (1986)

Abstract A mathematical model of multicomponent permeation systems with high‐flux, asymmetric hollow‐fiber membranes is presented. The model takes into account the permeate pressure variation inside the fiber. In the special case of negligible permeate pressure drop, the model yields a simple analytical solution for membrane area calculation that eliminates the numerical integration step required in existing methods. Laboratory multicomponent permeation experiments have verified the mathematical model and have demonstrated the technical feasibility of using the high‐flux asymmetric cellulose acetate hollow fiber for H 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 S separation. It is shown that the selectivity of the cellulose acetate membrane is ideally suited to the recovery of hydrogen from the purge gas of reactor recycle loops. For the separation of high‐concentration CO 2 or H 2 S, the test data show that the permeabilities of the individual components in mixed gas permeation are significantly different from those of pure gases.
Participation of Surface Radical Species with Base Catalytic Activity of Na Metal Doped MgO (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticipation of Surface Radical Species with Base Catalytic Activity of Na Metal Doped MgOHiromi Matsuhashi and Kazushi ArataCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 28, 11178–11181Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/j100028a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (412 KB) Get e-Alerts
Hierarchical TV Transmission by Spread-Spectrum Multiplexing (1994)

In digital broadcasting, adverse receiving conditions can lead to serious reductions in the quality of the received picture or a complete loss of picture. Graceful degradation is a technique that mitigates such threshold effect by making some level of picture quality available in adverse receiving conditions. Therefore, methods to ensure graceful degradation, which improves the breakdown characteristics of digital signals at their threshold, are of particular interest now. This article proposes an adaptive weighted code division multiplexing (AW-CDM) as a hierarchical transmission system to achieve graceful degradation simply by power-controlled spread-spectrum multiplexing. In the prototype AW-CDM model, the hierarchical TV signals (highs, middles, and lows) are divided into 128 orthogonal spread-spectrum binary subchannels, each of which has a different priority and threshold. The model's transmission rate is 9.7 Mbits/sec in the 6-MHz band. Indoor transmission tests prove highs, middles, and lows to be retrievable under conditions of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR)=13.2 dB, 8.3 dB, and 0 dB, respectively. The prototype AW-CDM model can, of course, be applied to ADTV transmission by simply changing the binary subchannels into octonary subchannels.
Human myocardial cytosolic Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 is modulated by ATP. Concordant ATP-induced alterations in enzyme kinetics and mechanism-based inhibition (1991)

Although phospholipases A2 (PLsA2) have been implicated as enzymic mediators of electrophysiological dysfunction during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in man, no information on the regulation of human myocardial PLsA2 is available. We now report that human myocardial cytosolic Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 is modulated by ATP through mechanisms which are independent of protein phosphorylation, since: (1) ATP and its non-hydrolysable analogues reversibly augment the initial rate of crude (but not purified) human myocardial cytosolic PLA2 activity 3-4 fold; (2) ATP and its non-hydrolysable analogues dramatically attenuate the rate of thermal denaturation of human myocardial cytosolic PLA2 activity; (3) ATP and its non-hydrolysable analogues alter the sensitivity of human myocardial cytosolic PLA2 to mechanism-based inhibition by (E)-6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one; (4) adenine nucleotide triphosphates are more potent than guanine nucleotide triphosphates in activating and stabilizing human myocardial cytosolic PLA2; (5) adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-methylene]triphosphate is more potent than its guanosine counterpart in protecting an essential thiol residue(s) in human myocardial cytosolic PLA2 from covalent modification by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid); and (6) ATP-dependent activation and stabilization of human myocardial cytosolic PLA2 are mediated by a cytosolic protein(s) which can be functionally reconstituted with purified human myocardial cytosolic PLA2 catalytic polypeptide. Collectively these results demonstrate that multiple physical and kinetic properties of human myocardial cytosolic Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 are dramatically influenced by dynamic interactions with ATP.
Hypoxia Promotes the Differentiated Human Articular Chondrocyte Phenotype through SOX9-dependent and -independent Pathways (2007)

The chondrocyte is solely responsible for synthesis and maintenance of the resilient articular cartilage matrix that gives this load-bearing tissue its mechanical integrity. When the differentiated cell phenotype is lost, the matrix becomes compromised and cartilage function begins to fail. We have recently shown that hypoxia promotes the differentiated phenotype through hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF-2alpha)-mediated SOX9 induction of the main matrix genes. However, to date, only a few genes have been shown to be SOX9 targets, while little is known about SOX9-independent regulators. We therefore performed a detailed microarray study to address these issues. Analysis involved 35 arrays on chondrocytes obtained from seven healthy, non-elderly human cartilage samples. Genes were selected that were down-regulated with serial passage in culture (as this causes loss of the differentiated phenotype) and subsequently up-regulated in hypoxia. The importance of key findings was further probed using the technique of RNA interference on these human articular chondrocytes. Our results show that hypoxia has a broader beneficial effect on the chondrocyte phenotype than has been previously described. Of special note, we report new hypoxia-inducible and SOX9-regulated genes, Gdf10 and Chm-I. In addition, Mig6 and InhbA were induced by hypoxia, predominantly via HIF-2alpha, but were not regulated by SOX9. Therefore, hypoxia, and more specifically HIF-2alpha, promotes both SOX9-dependent and -independent factors important for cartilage homeostasis. HIF-2alpha may therefore represent a new and promising therapeutic target for cartilage repair.