gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>m</i>-Carborane-Based Chiral NBN Pincer-Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Application in Asymmetric Catalysis (2011)

We have succeeded in synthesizing m-carborane-based chiral NBN-pincer ligands, 1,7-bis(oxazolinyl)-1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (Carbox) (7-9). The combination of bis(hydroxyamides) and 3 equiv of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) is a key step for cyclization to form oxazoline rings in excellent yields. X-ray crystal structures of these ligands confirmed three donor sites, one central B and two flanking N atoms in fixed positions. The electrophilic halogenation of the Carbox pincer ligands with iodine and a catalytic amount of Lewis acid led to ring-opening of the oxazolines and afforded bis(haloamides) (13 and 14). The air- and moisture-stable Carbox pincer complexes of rhodium(III), nickel(II), and palladium(II) were synthesized by the oxidative addition of RhCl(3)·3H(2)O, Ni(COD)(2), and Pd(CH(3)CN)(4)[BF(4)](2) to the Carbox pincer ligands (7-9), respectively. The catalytic activity of the rhodium(III) complexes (18-20) was examined for the asymmetric conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated esters and reductive aldol reaction. Among these catalysts, [(S,S)-Carbox-iPr]Rh(OAc)(2)·H(2)O (18) showed the highest enantioselective catalytic ability for both asymmetric conjugate reduction and reductive aldol reaction.
Users' meeting of the Institut Laue-Langevin (1992)

Abstract About 270 neutron users of the ILL gathered for a I-day Users' meeting in Uriage, some I5 km from Grenoble, on 17 October. The first, and most important order of the day, was the report by the new French Director J. Charvolin (see separate report on the ILL directorate) on the status of the reactor. He described the results of the investigations so far, as well as possible ‘fixes’ that are being proposed by the ILL in
Coercivity Enhancement in Exchange Biased Systems Driven by Interfacial Magnetic Frustration (2000)

We report the temperature and cooling field dependence of the coercivity of exchange biased ${\mathrm{MnF}}_{2}/\mathrm{Fe}$ bilayers. When the antiferromagnetic surface is in a state of maximum magnetic frustration and the net exchange bias is zero, we observe a strong enhancement of the coercivity, which is proportional to the exchange coupling between the layers. Hence, the coercivity can be tuned in a reproducible and repeatable fashion in the same sample. We propose that a frustrated interface provides local energy minima which effectively pin the propagating domain walls in the ferromagnet, leading to an enhanced coercivity.
Personal Rapid Transit (1980)

(1980). Personal Rapid Transit. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 25-37.
Role of LOX‐1 in monocyte adhesion‐triggered redox, Akt/eNOS and Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathways in endothelial cells (2009)

This study was conducted to examine the role of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in monocyte adhesion-induced redox-sensitive, Akt/eNOS and Ca2+ signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). LOX-1 was blocked by an antibody-neutralizing LOX-1 TS92 or small interfering RNA. In cultured human aortic ECs, monocyte adhesion activated Rac1 and p47(phox), and increased NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within 30 min and NF-kappaB phosphorylation within 1 h, resulting in redox-sensitive gene expression. Akt and eNOS phosphorylation was induced 15 min after adding monocytes and returned to control level after 30 min, whereas NO production was not altered by monocyte adhesion. Blockade of LOX-1 blunted the monocyte adhesion-triggered redox-sensitive signaling pathway and Akt/eNOS phosphorylation in ECs. Both endothelial intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+ influx caused by monocyte attachment were markedly attenuated by pretreatment of ECs with TS92. This suggests that LOX-1 is involved in redox-sensitive, Akt/eNOS and Ca2+ signaling pathways in monocyte adhesion to ECs independent of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Furthermore, blockade of Ca2+ inhibited monocyte adhesion-triggered Rac1 and p47(phox) activation and ROS generation in ECs, whereas Ca2+ signaling was suppressed by blockade of NADPH oxidase and ROS generation. Finally, TS92 blocked the monocyte adhesion to ECs stimulated with or without tumor necrosis factor-alpha or ox-LDL. We provide evidence that LOX-1 plays a role in redox-sensitive, Akt/eNOS and Ca2+ signaling pathways in monocyte adhesion to ECs independent of the ox-LDL-LOX-1 axis.
Carbanionisch induzierte [1,3]‐Wanderungen π‐ und koordinativ ungesättigter Gruppen (1983)

Abstract Gemäß einem allgemeinen Reaktionsschema reagieren o ‐Lithioarylester 4a , b , ‐amide 13a , b , 17b und ‐amidine 39b von nicht enolisierbaren Carbonsäuren ebenso wie ein entsprechendes Diphenylphosphinsäureamid 51b unter milden Bedingungen zu den intensiv gefärbten Lithiumderivaten von o ‐Acylphenolen 6a , b und o ‐Acylarenaminen 15a , b , 18a , 41a , 52a , die abschließend zu den Neutralprodukten 7a , b , 14a , b , 18b , 41b , 52b hydrolysiert werden. Die lithiierten Umlagerungsvorstufen werden dabei meist über Halogen‐Metall‐Austauschreaktionen hergestellt. Im Falle des N , N ‐Di‐ p ‐tolylpivalamids 33 kann eine derartige [1,3]‐Umlagerung auch über direkte Metallierung des Edukts induziert werden. In N ‐Methyl‐ N ‐phenylpivalamid ( 29 ) hingegen erfolgt ausschließliche Metallierung der N ‐Methylgruppe, der sich eine [1,2]‐Wanderung des Pivaloylrestes anschließt. Auch Silylgruppen können analoge [1,3]‐Verschiebungen erfahren, wie die Umwandlung des o ‐lithiierten N ‐(Trimethylsilyl)anilins 63b zu den o ‐Silylanilinen 65a, b belegt. Läßt man eine Benzoyl‐ und eine Sulfonylgruppe um die [1,3]‐Verschiebung konkurrieren, wie im N ‐tosylierten Benzamid 47b , so wandert nur der Benzoylrest. Die Wanderungstendenz des Trimethylsilylrestes hingegen kommt der einer Benzoylgruppe gleich, wie anhand des N ‐silylierten Benzamids 66b gezeigt wurde.
Paecilomyces lilacinus catheter-related fungemia in an immunocompromised pediatric patient (1992)

Paecilomyces lilacinus catheter-related fungemia in an immunocompromised child is reported. The presence of a central venous catheter and the patient's immunocompromised status were felt to be predisposing factors for this unusual infection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of P. lilacinus catheter-related fungemia, and our patient may be the youngest reported patient with this mycosis who was cured.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Intelligent Lane Control Signals on Driver Behavior (2012)

A fully interactive PC-based STISIM driving simulator was used to test the effectiveness of Intelligent Lane\nControl Signals (ILCS). The participants were 160 licensed drivers from four age groups: 18-24, 32-47, 55-65, and\n70+ years of age. Each participant drove three times in a counterbalanced order. In each trial, after driving five\nmiles in the center lane of a six-lane highway where the speed limit was 65 mph, they encountered five sets of\nILCSs that occurred at half-mile intervals. These ILCSs presented (1) 45-mph speed limit messages; (2) 35-mph\nspeed limit messages; (3) a yellow lane closure warning; (4) one of three merge messages that used a diagonal\narrow, or words, or dynamic chevrons to indicate that drivers should move from the center lane; (5) a red lane\nclosure warning.\n\nAnalysis of lane position data showed that the diagonal arrow merge sign was the most effective; participants\nmoved from the center lane 266 feet before reaching the diagonal arrow merge sign, 123 feet before reaching the\ndynamic arrow merge sign, and 54 feet before the merge sign with words.\n\nAnalysis of driving speed data indicated that the speed limit signs were effective. Before the 45-mile speed limit\nwas visible, participants drove at 63 mph. When the 45-mph speed limit was visible, they reduced speed by\napproximately 10 mph. Then on the approach to the 35-mph speed limit, they reduced speed by a further 14\nmph—on average, they were driving at 38.7 mph shortly after passing the 35-mph speed limit.
pH-dependency of basic ligand binding to α1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) (1991)

The binding interactions of a series of basic ligands with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were examined as a function of pH. The binding to AAG increased with increasing pH, and the binding data were satisfactorily fitted to a model that incorporates the effect of pH and discriminates the association constants of neutral (non-protonated) and protonated forms of ligands. It was shown that ligands in the neutral form have a markedly higher affinity for AAG than the protonated forms, resulting in a concomitant decrease in the pKa of bound ligands. The u.v.-visible difference spectra generated upon binding of a representative ligand to AAG also showed that there was a contribution to the binding arising from the deprotonation of the ligand. It is suggested that all tested ligands bind similarly to AAG and that hydrophobic interactions dominate high-affinity binding to AAG.
Immunosuppressive Effects of Cytosine Arabinoside and Methotrexate in Man (1969)

Thirty-six patients with nonlymphoid solid tumors who were undergoing therapy with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) or methotrexate (MTX) were immunized with Escherichia coli Vi antigen and tetanus toxoid to test the primary and secondary immune responses. Ara-C was given as 2 mg/kg body weight intravenous injections for 5 days, or as 10 mg/kg body weight infusions every 4 days for three doses. MTX was administered as infusions of 240 mg/m2 body surface area, every 4 days, followed each time by citrovorum factor (Leucovorin®) for as many as 11 consecutive infusions. These relatively nontoxic schedules of ara-C injections and MTX infusions suppressed primary and anamnestic antibody synthesis during therapy. An antibody response occurred in 40% of the patients without further injection of antigen approximately 2 weeks after cessation of therapy. In a delayed primary response only IgM antibody was produced. Ara-C infusions completely inhibited the primary and secondary response during the 4-week period studied but were accompanied by leukopenia. It is postulated that these antimetabolites did not interfere with the recognition of antigen but rather killed a proportion of proliferating lymphocytes. After cessation of therapy, remaining lymphocytes may have multiplied, producing normal titers of serum antibody, although the normal sequence of globulin formation was prevented.
Transgenic Rescue of Adipocyte Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Expression Restores High Fat Diet-induced Body Weight Gain (2011)

The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPr) has been implicated in high fat diet-induced obesity and is proposed as an anti-obesity target despite an uncertainty regarding the mechanism of action. To independently investigate the contribution of the insulinotropic effects and the direct effects on adipose tissue, we generated transgenic mice with targeted expression of the human GIPr to white adipose tissue or beta-cells, respectively. These mice were then cross-bred with the GIPr knock-out strain. The central findings of the study are that mice with GIPr expression targeted to adipose tissue have a similar high fat diet -induced body weight gain as control mice, significantly greater than the weight gain in mice with a general ablation of the receptor. Surprisingly, this difference was due to an increase in total lean body mass rather than a gain in total fat mass that was similar between the groups. In contrast, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide-mediated insulin secretion does not seem to be important for regulation of body weight after high fat feeding. The study supports a role of the adipocyte GIPr in nutrient-dependent regulation of body weight and lean mass, but it does not support a direct and independent role for the adipocyte or beta-cell GIPr in promoting adipogenesis.
Apoptosis, Dysbiosis and Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines are Sequential Events in the Development of 5‐Fluorouracil‐Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Mice (2017)

The chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) causes intestinal mucositis with severe diarrhoea, but the pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the pathogenic effects of 5-FU in mice, focusing on apoptosis, enterobacteria and inflammatory cytokines. Repeated administration of 5-FU caused severe intestinal mucositis on day 6, accompanied by diarrhoea and body-weight loss. TNF-α expression increased 1 day after exposure to the drug, and spiked a second time on day 4, at which point myeloperoxidase activity and IL-1β expression also increased. Apoptotic cells were observed in intestinal crypts only on day 1. 5-FU also induced dysbiosis, notably decreasing the abundance of intestinal Firmicutes while increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia. Twice-daily co-administration of oral antibiotics significantly reduced the severity of intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis, and blocked the increase in myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine expression on day 6, without affecting apoptosis and TNF-α up-regulation on day 1. In cultured colonic epithelial cells, exposure to 5-FU also up-regulated TNF-α expression. Collectively, the data suggest that crypt apoptosis, dysbiosis and expression of inflammatory cytokines are sequential events in the development of intestinal mucositis after exposure to 5-FU. In particular, 5-FU appears to directly induce apoptosis via TNF-α and to suppress intestinal cell proliferation, thereby resulting in degradation of the epithelial barrier, as well as in secondary inflammation mediated by inflammatory cytokines.
Activation-Induced CD154 Expression Abrogates Tolerance Induced by Apoptotic Cells (2009)

The decision to generate a productive immune response or tolerance often depends on the context in which T cells first see Ag. Using a classical system of tolerance induction, we examined the immunological consequence of Ag encountered in the presence of naive or activated apoptotic cells. Naive apoptotic cells induced tolerance when injected i.v.; however, previously activated apoptotic cells induced immunity. Further analysis revealed a key role for CD154, as tolerance resulted after i.v. injection of either naive or activated apoptotic CD154(-/-) T cells, while coinjection of an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb with naive apoptotic T cells induced robust immunity. Dendritic cells fed activated apoptotic T cells in vitro produced IL-12p40 in a CD154-dependent manner, and the use of IL-12p40(-/-) mice or mAb-mediated neutralization of IL-12 revealed a link between CD154, IL-12, and the ability of activated apoptotic T cells to induce immunity rather than tolerance. Collectively, these results show that CD154 expression on apoptotic T cells can determine the outcome of an immune response to Ag recognized within the context of the apoptotic cells and suggest that the balance between naive and activated apoptotic T cells may dictate whether a productive immune response is encouraged.
Image Restoration Based on Constrained Least Square and Space Iterative (2005)

给出了一种用于图像复原的基于约束最小二乘空间域迭代的有效方法.该方法从约束最小二乘技术出发,在加性噪声能量有界的前提下,采用正则化的思想来克服病态问题,通过解一个单变量方程,并利用空域迭代算法从而实现了一种有效的图像复原.实验结果表明,在图像被加性噪声污染较严重时,该方法在保护纹理的同时又能很好地抑制噪声,较传统的约束最小二乘法具有更好的复原效果.
An Evaluation of I/sub DDQ/ Versus Conventional Testing for CMOS Sea-of-Gate IC's (1992)

fDDQ production testing technologies have been developed for 0.8 pm CMOS Sea-of-gate IC's (SOG). Over 400 samples were measured, and the results of conventional testing and IDDQ testing were compared. IDDQ tcsting proved to have high fault coverage and very effective for testing CMOS VLSIs such as SOG.
Electrochemical and Optical Properties of Anodic Oxide Films on Titanium (1989)

Ellipsometric and electrochemical techniques are used to study the anodic oxidation of titanium in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. Transparent oxide films with a refractive index of 2.48 grown on electropolished surfaces exhibit ideal valve‐metal behavior up to a thickness of approximately 30 nm. Beyond this thickness the refractive index and low‐frequency dielectric constant of the film both decrease, but thicknesses of 100 nm can be achieved prior to complete breakdown under suitable experimental conditions. Open‐circuit transients are used to determine the relation between the current density and the electric field in the oxide film. At an anodization current density of 325 μA/cm2 the field in the film is found to be 0.484 V/nm, and the value of B in the dependence of current density on field, , is found to be 22.1 nm/V. There is some evidence that the current is controlled by the effective field in the oxide film and hence is sensitive to field‐induced variations in the dielectric constant. Electrostriction is found to affect titanium oxide to about the same extent as other valve‐metal oxides. If the current is made cathodic prior to film breakdown, the insertion of hydrogen into the film causes the initially transparent oxide to absorb light. If the hydrogen that enters the film is assumed to be uniformly distributed, a value of 0.1 is calculated for the optical extinction coefficient when the hydrogen concentration reaches its limiting value. There is evidence that the distribution of hydrogen within the oxide film is not uniform, and that it may penetrate only the outer 10% of thicker films that have not broken down. The alteration in film structure resulting from breakdown produces marked changes in both the cathodic process and the optical behavior.
Physics, facts, and artifacts of diagnostic ultrasound. (1989)

The physical basis of ultrasound imaging is discussed in this article. Various imaging artifacts are described and the question of potential biologic effects is addressed
A new method for computing delay margins for stability of linear delay systems (2002)

This note is concerned with stability properties of linear time-invariant delay systems. We consider retarded delay systems modeled both as a high order scalar differential difference equation and as a set of first order differential-difference equations expressed in state space form. We provide a computational method that can be used to compute a delay interval such that the delay system under consideration is stable for all delay values that lie in the computed interval. This method requires computing only the eigenvalues and generalized eigenvalues of certain constant matrices and it can be implemented efficiently. Based on this method, we further state a simple necessary and sufficient condition concerning stability independent of delay for each of the two types of the models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Simulation Study on Using Inverse Transient Analysis for Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks (2009)

Inverse transient analysis, developed by several researchers in recent years as a promising and low-cost leak detection technique, has been successfully demonstrated under laboratory settings. However, the feasibility and technical limitations of this technique under actual field conditions has yet to be definitely established. This chapter reports on the initial simulation phase of a study that aims to assess the applicability and effectiveness of inverse transient analysis in the detection of leaks in real water distribution systems. Simulation was conducted and field tests are planned for a selected area of the City of Regina's municipal water distribution network. Scenarios of various transient severity and leak sizes were simulated. Insight gained from the simulation provided a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness and feasibility of using the inverse transient analysis method for leak detection.
RRN6 and RRN7 encode subunits of a multiprotein complex essential for the initiation of rDNA transcription by RNA polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1994)

Previously, we have isolated mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae primarily defective in the transcription of 35S rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I and have identified a number of genes (RRN genes) involved in this process. We have now cloned the RRN6 and RRN7 genes, determined their nucleotide sequences, and found that they encode proteins of calculated molecular weights of 102,000 and 60,300, respectively. Extracts prepared from rrn6 and rrn7 mutants were defective in in vitro transcription of rDNA templates. We used extracts from strains containing epitope-tagged wild-type Rrn6 or Rrn7 proteins to purify protein components that could complement these mutant extracts. By use of immunoaffinity purification combined with biochemical fractionation, we obtained a highly purified preparation (Rrn6/7 complex), which consisted of Rrn6p, Rrn7p, and another protein with an apparent molecular weight of 66,000, but which did not contain the TATA-binding protein (TBP). This complex complemented both rrn6 and rrn7 mutant extracts. Template commitment experiments carried out with this purified Rrn6/7 complex and with rrn6 mutant extracts have demonstrated that the Rrn6/7 complex does not bind stably to the rDNA template by itself, but its binding is dependent on the initial binding of some other factor(s) and that the Rrn6/7 complex is required for the formation of a transcription-competent preinitiation complex. These observations are discussed in comparison to in vitro rDNA transcription systems from higher eukaryotes.
Effects of mesh modification on the structure of a mandrel‐grown biosynthetic vascular prosthesis (1999)

Mandrel-grown, mesh-reinforced vascular prostheses require adequate tissue coverage of the mesh for effective clinical function, particularly in low blood flow situations. Development of the ovine collagen-based Omniflow™ vascular prosthesis has shown that the extent of this tissue cover is dependent on the interactions of the mandrel and the mesh with the sheep host. In the present study, the effects of chemical changes to the mesh have been examined. These data indicate that certain treatments of the mesh, particularly collagen or heparin, lead to increased tissue coverage while the number of sheep cells present and the ultrastructure of the resulting vessel remain unchanged. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 47, 309–315, 1999.
Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from sour doughs: purification and characterization of bavaricin A, a bacteriocin produced by <i>Lactobacillus bavaricus</i> MI401 (1993)

Three hundred and thirty-five lactic acid bacteria were isolated from sour doughs and screened for antagonistic activity. Of these 145 showed activity against one or several of the indicator strains used in the screening. The antimicrobial activity of 18 isolates were due to a proteinaceous compound. These 18 isolates belonged to three different Lactobacillus species: Lactobacillus bavaricus, Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus plantarum. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity for the three species suggested that the inhibitory components were different. The inhibitory compound from Lact. bavaricus MI401 was chosen for further study. The proteinaceous nature, antimicrobial activity against closely-related species, heat resistance and sensitivity to alkaline treatment strongly indicated that this substance was a bacteriocin, which we designated bavaricin A. The bacteriocin was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and reverse-phase chromatography. The purification resulted in 193,000-fold increase in specific activity. SDS-PAGE of bavaricin A showed a molecular weight of 3500-4000 Da. By amino acid sequencing 41 amino acids were determined. Bavaricin A had a bactericidal mode of action and inhibited nine out of 10 Listeria monocytogenes. Lactobacillus bavaricus MI401 produced bavaricin A at temperatures from 4 degrees C to 30 degrees C. The production of active bavaracin A was inhibited at increasing sodium chloride concentration. In the presence of 3% sodium chloride at 4 degrees C no active bavaricin A could be detected. Nitrite (100 ppm) did not affect the production of active bavaricin A.