gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limiting Factors for the Generation of Hypothiocyanite Ion, an Antimicrobial Agent, in Human Saliva (1982)

The limiting factors for the generation of the bacterial inhibitor, hypothiocyanite OSCN- ion, in human whole saliva were studied. Significant increase in OSCN- production could be achieved both in vitro and in vivo by supplementing saliva with peroxide alone or with a combination of peroxide and SCN-. The most effective initial H2O2 concentration was 700 μM. Higher concentrations caused a rapid loss in the amount of OSCN-. In contrast to expectations, supplementation of saliva with excess lactoperoxidase resulted in decreased generation of OSCN- ions. From these results we conclude that the enhancement of this naturally occurring antimicrobial system is possible by a combination of peroxide and SCN- ions added to human saliva in the appropriate ratios.
Phosphoinositide 5-Phosphatase Fig4p Is Required for both Acute Rise and Subsequent Fall in Stress-Induced Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphate Levels (2006)

Phosphoinositide lipids regulate complex events via the recruitment of proteins to a specialized region of the membrane at a specific time. Precise control of both the synthesis and turnover of phosphoinositide lipids is integral to membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Little is known about the acute regulation of the levels of these signaling lipids. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are treated with hyperosmotic medium the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI3,5P(2)) increase 20-fold. Here we show that this 20-fold increase is rapid and occurs within 5 min. Surprisingly, these elevated levels are transient. Fifteen minutes following hyperosmotic shock they decrease at a rapid rate, even though the cells remain in hyperosmotic medium. In parallel with the rapid increase in the levels of PI3,5P(2), vacuole volume decreases rapidly. Furthermore, concomitant with a return to basal levels of PI3,5P(2) vacuole volume is restored. We show that Fig 4p, consistent with its proposed role as a PI3,5P(2) 5-phosphatase, is required in vivo for this rapid return to basal levels of PI3,5P(2). Surprisingly, we find that Fig 4p is also required for the hyperosmotic shock-induced increase in PI3,5P(2) levels. These findings demonstrate that following hyperosmotic shock, large, transient changes occur in the levels of PI3,5P(2) and further suggest that Fig 4p is important in regulating both the acute rise and subsequent fall in PI3,5P(2) levels.
A monolithic gas flow sensor with polyimide as thermal insulator (1986)

A novel small monolithic gas flow sensor has been designed and fabricated by use of micromachining of silicon. Its operation is based on the cooling of an electrically heated mass by the gas flow, and detection of the mass's temperature by a diode. The small size, 0.4 mm by 0.3 mm by 30 µm, of the hot part of the sensor gives a fast thermal response (time constant 50 ms). By using polyimide as a thermal insulator a high gas flow sensitivity is achieved, The shape of the sensor will present very little obstruction to the gas flow and also makes it easy to mount.
Arithmetic ternary operations on delta-modulated signals and their application in the realization of digital filters (1985)

This correspondence shows a method for determining the ternary delta sequence of the third of the sum of two analog signals through their corresponding delta sequences. The hardware implementation proposed here is modular employing a universal logic T-gate which allows building both sequential and combinatorial circuits. The primary advantage of a ternary nonredundant symmetric presentation of the TDM over a binary DM presentation is the reduction of problems of carry propagation in arithemetic operation and reduction in connections and interconnections between chips and interchips.
Reduction of Catechin Astringency by the Complexation of Gallate-Type Catechins with Pectin (2005)

The reductive effect of pectin on tea catechin astringency was investigated by using a taste sensor system and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. The sensor analysis revealed that the astringency of gallate-type catechins (EGCg and ECg) was reduced by the addition of pectin, whereas that of non-gallate-type catechins (EGC and EC) hardly changed. Changes in the (1)H-NMR chemical shifts of the catechins and pectin in mixed solutions showed that the gallate-type catechins formed complexes with pectin more closely than the non-gallate-type catechins. These results demonstrate that complexation between the gallate-type catechins and pectin is a factor for reducing catechin astringency.
Potential bioreductive alkylating agents. 2. Antitumor effect and biochemical studies of naphthoquinone derivatives (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential bioreductive alkylating agents. 2. Antitumor effect and biochemical studies of naphthoquinone derivativesAi Jeng Lin, Ronald S. Pardini, Lucille A. Cosby, Brian J. Lillis, Charles W. Shansky, and Alan C. SartorelliCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 11, 1268–1271Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00269a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00269a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PIM-enabled instructions (2015)

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is rapidly rising as a viable solution for the memory wall crisis, rebounding from its unsuccessful attempts in 1990s due to practicality concerns, which are alleviated with recent advances in 3D stacking technologies. However, it is still challenging to integrate the PIM architectures with existing systems in a seamless manner due to two common characteristics: unconventional programming models for in-memory computation units and lack of ability to utilize large on-chip caches.
High-mobility group box 1 protein contributes to the immunogenicity of rTcdB-treated CT26 cells (2018)

Clostridium difficile TcdB is a key virulence factor that causes C. difficile-associated diseases. Our previous studies have shown that recombinant full-length TcdB (rTcdB) induces cell death in CT26 cells, and rTcdB-treated CT26 cells with high immunogenicity could stimulate dendritic cell (DC) activation and T cell activation in vitro. The rTcdB-treated CT26 cells also induce antitumor immunity in mice and protect mice from CT26 cells. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein, which has various biological functions within the nucleus and also acts as an extracellular signal molecule involving in inflammatory diseases, cancers or autoimmune diseases. In this study, HMGB1 was found to be released from the rTcdB-treated CT26 cells. HMGB1 knockdown by using specific siRNA weakened the capacity of the BMDCs loaded with the rTcdB-treated CT26 cells to prime T cells in vitro and in vivo. The released HMGB1 from CT26 cells could interact with the receptor TLR4, which is closely related to DC activation and immune responses. The knockdown of HMGB1 also affected the phagocytosis of the rTcdB-treated CT26 cells by DCs in vitro. Furthermore, HMGB1 weakened the antitumor immunity of the rTcdB-treated CT26 cells, which protects mice from rechallenge of the live CT26 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that HMGB1 plays an important role on the immunogenicity of the rTcdB-treated dying CT26 cells.
Gaucher disease: multiple lessons from a single gene disorder (2006)

The lessons that we have learned from Gaucher disease may well be applicable to the development of therapies for some of the other less common lysosomal storage diseases.
Novel Treatments of Schizophrenia: Targeting the Neurotensin System (2006)

Evidence implicating neural circuits that utilize the neuropeptide transmitter neurotensin (NT) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs has previously been reviewed. The majority of evidence, taken together, supports the development of NT receptor agonists as novel antipsychotic drugs. This review comprehensively describes the NT receptor subtypes, discusses the development of NT receptor agonists and the behavioral effects of currently available NT receptor agonists. The compilation of data suggests that NT receptor agonists may represent a novel class of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Mediating Solar Cell Performance by Controlling the Internal Dipole Change in Organic Photovoltaic Polymers (2012)

We report synthesis and characterizations of two novel series of polymers, namely the PBTZ and PBIT series. The PBTZ1 polymer was synthesized as a copolymer of 4,8-bis(2-butyloctyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) along with 2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-bisthiazol-2-yl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (TzDPP), while PBTZ2 was a copolymer of TzDPP and 2-(1-butylheptyl)thieno[3,4-d]thiazole (TTz). The PBIT series based on dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole (DPBT), and BDT was also synthesized. The PBIT series of polymers showed enhanced ground and excited state dipole moments (μg and μe) when compared to the previously reported PBB3 polymer, while PBTZ1 showed the largest dipole change (1.52 D) from ground to excited state (Δμge) in respective single polymer units. It was found that the power conversion efficiencies of the polymer series were strongly correlated to Δμge. The results reported demonstrate the utility of the calculated parameter Δμge of single units of the polymers to predict the performance of donor–acceptor copolymers in photovoltaic devices. We rationalize this result based on the large degree of polarization in the excited state, which effectively lowers the Coulomb binding energy of the exciton in the excited state and leads to faster charge separation kinetics, thus facilitating the full separation of electron and hole.
Quantitative magnetic force microscopy on perpendicularly magnetized samples (1998)

We present a transfer-function approach to calculate the force on a magnetic force microscope tip and the stray field due to a perpendicularly magnetized medium having an arbitrary magnetization pattern. Under certain conditions, it is possible to calculate the magnetization pattern from the measured force data. We apply this transfer function theory to quantitatively simulate magnetic force microscopy data acquired on a CoNi/Pt multilayer and on an epitaxially grown Cu/Ni/Cu/Si(001) magnetic thin film. The method described here serves as an excellent basis for (i) the definition of the condition for achieving maximum resolution in a specific experiment, (ii) the differences of force and force z-derivative imaging, (iii) the artificial distinction between domain and domain wall contrast, and finally (iv) the influence of various tip shapes on image content.
Log Analysis Towards an Automated Forensic Diagnosis System (2010)

Computer forensics investigations are based on the evidence search process to determine the intruder techniques and activities. Current tools are mainly focused in gathering evidence from the target system however its analysis is a highly complicated task. In this paper, we present an Automated Forensic Diagnosis System composed by a Knowledge Attack Base and a series of log analysis processes working all together to reconstruct the attack actions after a security incident occurred. The log analysis is carried out by an Event Correlation Module which helps detecting multi-step attacks as well as reducing the false positive rate. The goal is to assist the forensic investigator reducing the time and complexity of the process.
Time Course and Recovery of Exacerbations in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2000)

Although exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with symptomatic and physiological deterioration, little is known of the time course and duration of these changes. We have studied symptoms and lung function changes associated with COPD exacerbations to determine factors affecting recovery from exacerbation. A cohort of 101 patients with moderate to severe COPD (mean FEV(1) 41.9% predicted) were studied over a period of 2.5 yr and regularly followed when stable and during 504 exacerbations. Patients recorded daily morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and changes in respiratory symptoms on diary cards. A subgroup of 34 patients also recorded daily spirometry. Exacerbations were defined by major symptoms (increased dyspnea, increased sputum purulence, increased sputum volume) and minor symptoms. Before onset of exacerbation there was deterioration in the symptoms of dyspnea, sore throat, cough, and symptoms of a common cold (all p < 0.05), but not lung function. Larger falls in PEFR were associated with symptoms of increased dyspnea (p = 0.014), colds (p = 0.047), or increased wheeze (p = 0.009) at exacerbation. Median recovery times were 6 (interquartile range [IQR] 1 to 14) d for PEFR and 7 (IQR 4 to 14) d for daily total symptom score. Recovery of PEFR to baseline values was complete in only 75.2% of exacerbations at 35 d, whereas in 7.1% of exacerbations at 91 d PEFR recovery had not occurred. In the 404 exacerbations where recovery of PEFR to baseline values was complete at 91 d, increased dyspnea and colds at onset of exacerbation were associated with prolonged recovery times (p < 0.001 in both cases). Symptom changes during exacerbation do not closely reflect those of lung function, but their increase may predict exacerbation, with dyspnea or colds characterizing the more severe. Recovery is incomplete in a significant proportion of COPD exacerbations.
Chemotaxis of human microvessel endothelial cells in response to acidic fibroblast growth factor. (1990)

Migration of microvessel endothelial cells (MEC) in response to angiogenic stimuli is a key aspect of angiogenesis, whether in physiologic or pathologic situations. In this work, we provide a rigorous quantitative assessment of the chemokinetic and chemotactic responses of human MEC to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). A uniform concentration of 1 micrograms/ml of heparin was included in most experiments to exploit heparin's potentiating effect on aFGF activity. The migration is measured in an under-agarose assay with a linear geometry, and evaluated in terms of the random motility and chemotaxis coefficients, mu and chi, which are defined in a mathematical model. The change in value of mu with changes in aFGF concentration provides a quantitative description of the stimulated random motility response, a process known as chemokinesis. This allows the true directional response in gradients to be quantified by the chemotaxis coefficient, chi, and its variation with attractant concentration. The effect of aFGF on MEC random motility is relatively small, with the random motility coefficient ranging from 4.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(-9) to 9.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(-9) cm2/second (mean +/- SE) over four orders of magnitude of aFGF concentration (10(-11) to 10(-8) M). On the other hand, the magnitude of the chemotaxis coefficient at optimal concentrations is quite large (2600 +/- 750 cm2/second-M around 10(-10) M aFGF), demonstrating a significant degree of MEC directional sensitivity to aFGF gradients. The chemotaxis coefficient shows a biphasic dependence on aFGF concentration, suggestive of a receptor-mediated response in which apparent differences in receptor occupancy govern directional bias. These results provide support for the hypothesis that MEC chemotaxis accounts for the directed microvessel growth observed in angiogenesis.
Remote chemical biological and explosive agent detection using a robot-based Raman detector (2008)

Current practice for the detection of chemical, biological and explosive (CBE) agent contamination on environmental surfaces requires a human to don protective gear, manually take a sample and then package it for subsequent laboratory analysis. Ground robotics now provides an operator-safe way to make these critical measurements. We describe the development of a robot-deployed surface detection system for CBE agents that does not require the use of antibodies or DNA primers. The detector is based on Raman spectroscopy, a reagentless technique that has the ability to simultaneously identify multiple chemical and biological hazards. Preliminary testing showed the ability to identify CBE simulants in 10 minutes or less. In an operator-blind study, this detector was able to correctly identify the presence of trace explosive on weathered automobile body panels. This detector was successfully integrated on a highly agile robot platform capable of both high speed and rough terrain operation. The detector is mounted to the end of five-axis arm that allows precise interrogation of the environmental surfaces. The robot, arm and Raman detector are JAUS compliant, and are controlled via a radio link from a single operator control unit. Results from the integration testing and from limited field trials are presented.
Structural Stability of Metal Organic Framework MOF-177 (2009)

Metal organic framework MOF-177 is one of the most promising crystalline porous adsorbents for hydrogen adsorption. The effects of oxygen and water on the structural stability of MOF-177 are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A MOF-177 sample is exposed to ambient air for 5 weeks and monitored for its structural changes by XRD. The crystal structure of MOF-177 gradually changes from hexagonal to orthogonal, and then to monoclinic in the 5-week period. The crystal structure of MOF-177 is completely destroyed after it is immersed in water. The weight loss of MOF-177 is negligible at temperatures below 330 °C in the presence of oxygen. However, MOF-177 totally converts to zinc oxide at 420 °C.
Classical swine fever and its diagnosis: a current view (1985)

Classical swine fever is one of the most important viral diseases of pigs and a major source of loss for pig producers worldwide. The disease was eradicated from Great Britain in 1966 and, apart from a single incident in 1971, has not reappeared. A major epizootic started in Europe in 1982-83 and continued through 1984. Extra vigilance is necessary in order to detect any introduction of infection. The disease takes several forms apart from the dramatic disease described in textbooks. These include mild and chronic disease and reproductive losses of various types. Mild disease is a feature of the epizootic in Europe at present. Diagnostic methods are outlined. Diagnosis is frequently difficult and requires laboratory help. The selection and handling of specimens for the laboratory is critical to the success of diagnosis.
A Search-Based Web Image Annotation Method (2007)

Automatic image annotation is an effective way for managing and retrieving abundant images on the internet. In this paper, we propose a novel search-based method for web image annotation. Firstly, surrounding text and other textual information in the hosting web pages are used as the candidate annotations. As the candidates are very noisy, two measures are defined to re-rank them and only top-ranked ones are reserved as the final annotations. One measure is based on the visual consistence between the given image and the image search results when the candidate annotation is submitted as a query. The other measure is based on the textual consistence between one candidate and others, which is calculated from the pairwise co-occurrence using image search engines. Finally, Dempster-Shafer multiple evidence combination approach is used to combine the visual and textual measures for the final ranking. Experimental results on web images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modeling and Simulation of Half Car Suspension System with a MR Damper Using RecurDyn and Simulink (2010)

This work implements the co-simulation of ”RecurDyn” and ”Simulink” to study a closed-loop system of half-car suspension with magnetorheological (MR) damper. From the perspective of developing a control system, it is easy to construct the whole system via RecurDyn without deriving equations of motion for the half-car suspension system. In addition the MR damper is built as a subsystem thereby posses portability. Through a numerical example, the effectiveness of co-simulation of RecurDyn and Simulink in reducing the period of time of developing a satisfactory controller for the suspension system is demonstrated.
Easy robot programming concepts: An industrial perspective (2013)

One of the key challenges for industrial robotics is the high level of expertise and effort required to program a robust, production-quality robot system. In most cases, a highly trained specialist is required to setup a system, which drives up the installation costs. Standard text-based methods for programming robots oftentimes result in programs that are difficult to maintain due to their complex program structure and editing methods. This is a major issue in today's manufacturing environment where product changeover is often measured in months. This paper identifies some of the major difficulties in creating robot programs, distinguishing between creating and maintaining the logical program structure and creating robot paths. Next it describes several recent attempts to simplify industrial robot programming, focusing on those two aspects. This paper then analyzes the applicability, strengths and weakness of various approaches assessing them in light of novice, intermediate and advanced users. Lastly, some recommendations are given for further development in this area of simplifying industrial robot programming.
Audio-Phonological and Neuropsychological Aspects of Simultaneous Interpretation Role of Auditory Shadowing (1990)

Two groups of female interpreter students (3rd year and 4th year) at the School for Interpreters and Translators of the University of Trieste (SIT) underwent a paradigm of complex shadowing. All subjects were polyglots, with Italian as first language (L1) and German, learned after age 10, as second language (L2). In the first part of the experiment, they were asked to listen to and immediately repeat 60 lists of 50 words each in Italian passed through earphones to the right ear (RE) and the same number of words to the left ear (LE). In the second part, the subjects were asked to do the same thing, but this time with German words to be listened to and immediately translated into Italian. The 3rd-year students generally made significantly more errors than the 4th-year students, both in L1 and in L2, and in particular when listening to the words with their left ear, as opposed to the right. No significant difference between ears or languages was shown by the 4th-year students. Moreover, no significant difference was found between the two groups in tasks requiring verbal long-term memory, i.e. repetition of lists of words with 'target words' to remember. The longer exercise in simultaneous interpreting apparently improves the students' performances in shadowing, and probably modifies the organization of some aspects of hemispheric specialization for L1 and L2.