gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total extrathoracic cardiopulmonary support with kinetic assisted venous drainage: experience in 50 patients (1998)

Extrathoracic cardiopulmonary bypass is used in special situations when normal access to the right atrium and aorta is difficult or not practicable. Femero-femoral bypass using gravity drainage is effective for partial cardiopulmonary support, but cannot usually provide adequate venous drainage for full circulatory support. Kinetic assisted venous drainage (KAVD) is the process of applying a controlled suction on the venous line with a kinetic pump to augment venous drainage. KAVD has been used in 50 patients where femero-femoral bypass was selected as the mode of circulatory support. These cases included: redo-operations with significant sternal adhesions (15), minimally invasive port-access cardiac surgery (12), haemodynamic instability (10), left thoracotomy (10), and others (3). In 11 cases, a second venous catheter was added because of protocol. No appreciable increase in venous return occurred with the addition of a second drainage catheter. All patients were adequately supported and a 20-40% increase in venous return was observed once KAVD was implemented. A wide variety of different venous catheters have been used with KAVD. Optimal use relates to having a thin-walled catheter with multiple side holes, not exerting an excessive negative pressure with the pump and positioning the catheter tip at the right atrio-superior vena cava junction. Optimal catheter tip placement is enhanced by using transoesophageal echocardiography. KAVD is best regulated by measuring the siphon generated by the kinetic pump. When the inlet pressure is properly monitored and controlled, KAVD can provide adequate venous drainage to completely support the circulation on a single femoral venous cannula.
Bargaining with Bite: Missouri High Court's Constitutional Holdings Alter Public Sector Labor Law (2013)

Collective bargaining – negotiations over working conditions between an employer and representatives of their employees – appeared as early as 1891 as labor unions arose in response to the Industrial Revolution. Collective bargaining in private industry was recognized in 1935 by the National Labor Relations Act but was considered prohibited in the public sector. In 1945, the state of Missouri ratified its constitution, which included article 1, section 29, a provision protecting employee collective bargaining rights. That provision, however, was quickly interpreted by courts as applying only to private employees, and thus, public employees had little power to negotiate employment terms. In the 1960s the Missouri legislature passed a number of public sector labor laws that established a very limited collective bargaining framework applicable to most government employees. This area of Missouri law remained relatively untouched until 2007 when, in Independence National Education Ass’n v. Independence School District, the Supreme Court of Missouri reinterpreted article 1, section 29 as applying to all Missouri employees. The holding was a decisive victory for teachers and law enforcement (who are statutorily excluded from the public sector labor laws) but left many questions as to what the holding would mean. Then in 2012, the Court again interpreted article 1, section 29 in a pair of cases handed down on the same day: Eastern Missouri Coalition of Police v. City of Chesterfield and American Federation of Teachers v. Ledbetter. The decisions considered the scope of article 1, section 29, specifically whether the constitutional right of public employees to collectively bargain imposed a corresponding affirmative duty on public employers to collectively bargain with their employees. The Court held that such a duty is inherent in article 1, section 29 – public employers must bargain with employee unions and must do so in good faith with an eye toward reaching an agreement. This Note examines the evolution of collective bargaining rights in Missouri and discusses the import of these 2012 holdings.
Prolog (1995)

Seit über zehn Jahren ist die Auflösung klassischer Marktgrenzen im Finanzdienstleistungssektor zu beobachten: Banken gründen Bausparkassen, kooperieren mit Versicherungen, bieten Investmentzertifikate an und emittieren (Debit-) Karten. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich diesem unter der Bezeichnung „Allfinanz“ laufenden Phänomen und entwickelt einen Vorschlag für die (aufbau-) organisatorische Umsetzung dieser Marktbearbeitungsstrategie im Geschäft mit Privatkunden. Dies geschieht anbieterneutral, also nicht aus Sicht eines bestimmten Finanzdienstleisters, der über seinen angestammten Teilmarkt hinaus expandieren möchte.
The use of the LHRH-analogue Buserelin in the treatment of prostatic cancer. A 10-year review on 1522 patients treated in 119 centres on 4 continents. (1991)

In the ten years from 1979-1988, a total of 1725 patients with advanced prostatic cancer were entered into 28 studies, in which Buserelin as a nasal spray was the main androgen deprivation therapy. Patients treated with orchiectomy or other anti-androgen agents used in comparative groups, were considered unsuitable for the purpose of this study, which pools the data of the 1522 patients who received Buserelin monotherapy. Patients with stages C, D1 or D2 prostatic cancer who received Buserelin as monotherapy and had a known treatment duration were eligible for efficacy analysis. The clinical evaluation was done in 91% by NPCP-criteria and in the remainder by criteria of the EORTC or ECOG. Seventy-five per cent of the patients received Buserelin nasal spray (3x daily 400 mcg), 20% received subcutaneous injections (2x daily 200 mcg) and 4% received 2 combinations of nasal spray, subcutaneous injections and depot, or depot alone. Compliance failures were found in 4.4% and 2.4% stopped treatment due to adverse reactions. Statistical analysis includes Kaplan-Meier estimates of time-to-progression and survival. Since 1985, after 2 patients died from possible fare reactions, anti-androgens have been recommended as additional therapy for the first few weeks. Features of this analysis of great interest are the national differences in progression-free survival and overall survival.
Probabilistic Risk Analysis and Terrorism Risk (2010)

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent establishment of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), considerable efforts have been made to estimate the risks of terrorism and the cost effectiveness of security policies to reduce these risks. DHS, industry, and the academic risk analysis communities have all invested heavily in the development of tools and approaches that can assist decisionmakers in effectively allocating limited resources across the vast array of potential investments that could mitigate risks from terrorism and other threats to the homeland. Decisionmakers demand models, analyses, and decision support that are useful for this task and based on the state of the art. Since terrorism risk analysis is new, no single method is likely to meet this challenge. In this article we explore a number of existing and potential approaches for terrorism risk analysis, focusing particularly on recent discussions regarding the applicability of probabilistic and decision analytic approaches to bioterrorism risks and the Bioterrorism Risk Assessment methodology used by the DHS and criticized by the National Academies and others.
Differential Effects of Autologous Serum on CD34 <sup>+</sup> or Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (2001)

Dendritic cells (DC) with potentially important clinical applications have been generated from human peripheral blood monocytes and CD34(+) cells in the presence of recombinant cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) + interleukin-4 (IL-4) and GM-CSF + tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), respectively. Many of the studies generating DC have included fetal calf serum, which is not desirable due to the risk of immune reactions and infectious disease transmission. Additionally, low DC yields have been reported using serum-free media. In this study, we investigate supplementing serum-free media with autologous serum and plasma for DC generation from monocytes and CD34(+) cells. Our results show that functional DC can be reproducibly obtained in the presence of autologous serum using monocytes and CD34(+) cells as the starting populations. However, with the addition of autologous serum, a differential effect is observed in the phenotypic characterization of these culture-derived DC. Monocytes cultured for 7 days in X-VIVO 15 serum-free media in the presence of GM-CSF + IL-4 showed down-regulation of CD14 with increased expression of HLA-DR, mannose receptor, CD80, and CD86, along with highly up-regulated CD1a(+) expression. The addition of autologous serum to serum-free media in monocyte cultures resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the CD1a(+) expression generating a distinct subset of CD1a(+/-) cells expressing HLA-DR, mannose receptor, CD80, and CD86. Upon stimulation with CD40L cells, both monocyte-derived DC subsets CD1a(+/-) and CD1a(++) were capable of maturation measured by CD83 and CD86 up-regulation. Data suggest the differences in the monocyte-derived DC in serum-free (CD1a(++)) or autologous serum (CD1a(+/-)) supplemented cultures is of a qualitative nature, rather than quantitative. CD1a(+) and CD14(+) cells expressing HLA-DR, mannose receptor, CD80, and CD86 were generated in 7 days from CD34(+) cells in serum-free media. A quantitative effect was obtained when cultures were supplemented with autologous serum, resulting in a significant enhancement of CD34-derived DC generated. These results demonstrate generation of DC from two different starting populations using serum-free media that can be enhanced with the addition of autologous serum. Interestingly, a differential effect was observed in the phenotypic characterization of these culture-derived DC.
Simultaneous Multi-Bit Recording in Fused Silica for Permanent Storage (2013)

In recent years, optical discs and hard disc drives have been widely used as storage media. However, the lifetime of recorded data in these media is about 100 years. On the other hand, a permanent storage system that can store data for more than 1,000 years is strongly required, especially for historically valuable data. One candidate system for permanent storage is a system using fused silica, which is thermally and chemically stable. In this paper, we reported simultaneous multi-bit recording in fused silica with a femtosecond laser and a spatial light modulator. The recording quality was evaluated using signal-to-noise ratio with an optical microscope. We recorded a four-layer sample with a dot pitch of 2.8 µm and obtained a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 15 dB. Furthermore, we confirmed that the sample had good thermal resistance at 1,000 °C for 120 min, which indicates a lifetime of over 319 million years.
Part Localization using Multi-Proposal Consensus for Fine-Grained Categorization (2015)

We present a simple deep learning framework to simultaneously predict keypoint locations and their respective visibilities and use those to achieve state-of-the-art performance for fine-grained classification. We show that by conditioning the predictions on object proposals with sufficient image support, our method can do well without complicated spatial reasoning. Instead, inference methods with robustness to outliers, yield state-of-the-art for keypoint localization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our accurate keypoint localization and visibility prediction on the fine-grained bird recognition task with and without ground truth bird bounding boxes, and outperform existing state-of-the-art methods by over 2%.
Environmental Exposure to Endotoxin and Its Relation to Asthma in School-Age Children (2002)

A subject's environmental exposure to endotoxin may have a crucial role in the development of tolerance to ubiquitous allergens found in natural environments.
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocages for High-Performance Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

Co3O4 nanoparticles have been prepared by a facile strategy, which involves the thermal decomposition of nanoparticles of cobalt-based Prussian blue analogues at different temperatures. The nanoparticles prepared at 450, 550, 650, 750, and 850 °C exhibited a high discharge capacity of 800, 970, 828, 854, and 651 mAhg–1, respectively, after 30 cycles at a current density of 50 mAg–1. The nanocages produced at 550 °C show the highest lithium storage capacity. It is found that the nanocages display nanosize grains, hollow structure, a porous shell, and large specific surface area. At the temperature higher than 650 °C, the samples with larger grains, better crystallinity, and lower specific surface area can be obtained. It is found that the size, crystallinity, and morphology of nanoparticles have different effects on electrochemical performance. Better crystallinity is able to enhance the initial discharge capacity, while porous structure can reduce the irreversible loss. Therefore, the optimal size, crystallinity, and cage morphology are suggested to be responsible for the improved lithium storage capacity of the sample prepared at 550 °C. The as-prepared Co3O4 nanoparticles also have a potential application as anode material for Li-ion batteries due to their simple synthesis method and large capacity.
Active Targeting Using HER‐2‐Affibody‐Conjugated Nanoparticles Enabled Sensitive and Specific Imaging of Orthotopic HER‐2 Positive Ovarian Tumors (2013)

Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, ovarian cancer remains one of the most fatal cancer types. The development of targeted nanoparticle imaging probes and therapeutics offers promising approaches for early detection and effective treatment of ovarian cancer. In this study, HER-2 targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are developed by conjugating a high affinity and small size HER-2 affibody that is labeled with a unique near infrared dye (NIR-830) to the nanoparticles. Using a clinically relevant orthotopic human ovarian tumor xenograft model, it is shown that HER-2 targeted IONPs are selectively delivered into both primary and disseminated ovarian tumors, enabling non-invasive optical and MR imaging of the tumors as small as 1 mm in the peritoneal cavity. It is determined that HER-2 targeted delivery of the IONPs is essential for specific and sensitive imaging of the HER-2 positive tumor since we are unable to detect the imaging signal in the tumors following systemic delivery of non-targeted IONPs into the mice bearing HER-2 positive SKOV3 tumors. Furthermore, imaging signals and the IONPs are not detected in HER-2 low expressing OVCAR3 tumors after systemic delivery of HER-2 targeted-IONPs. Since HER-2 is expressed in a high percentage of ovarian cancers, the HER-2 targeted dual imaging modality IONPs have potential for the development of novel targeted imaging and therapeutic nanoparticles for ovarian cancer detection, targeted drug delivery, and image-guided therapy and surgery.
Antimicrobial activity of<i>Coniothyrium minitans</i>and its macrolide antibiotic macrosphelide A (2009)

Macrosphelide A was effective against Staph. aureus. Further study on the control of this bacterium is merited in view of the development of antibiotic resistance.
A Subjectively Adapted Image Communication System (1984)

An interactive image communication system is described transmitting image information stored in a central database over low-bitrate channels. To shorten the transmission time, a data compression technique is applied in combination with a progressive image transmission procedure. Furthermore, human interaction is implemented in order to select specific areas for picture buildup or to reject additional image sharpening completely. The mean transmission time for each picture is essentially reduced if the transmission parameters of the investigated system are adapted to the visual threshold performance of the human eye. The adaptation is realized by means of the given classification algorithm. For a set of portrait pictures, more than 95 percent of the transmission time can be gained by this adaptation in comparison with PCM transmission.
In vivo imaging and quantification of iron oxide nanoparticle uptake and biodistribution (2012)

Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed for the effective use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for cancer imaging and therapy. When activated by an alternating magnetic field (AMF), intra-tumoral IONPs have been effective at controlling tumor growth in rodent models. To accurately plan and assess IONP-based therapies in clinical patients, noninvasive and quantitative imaging technique for the assessment of IONP uptake and biodistribution will be necessary. Proven techniques such as confocal, light and electron microscopy, histochemical iron staining, ICP-MS, fluorescent labeled mNPs and magnetic spectroscopy of Brownian motion (MSB), are being used to assess and quantify IONPs <i>in vitro</i> and in <i>ex vivo</i> tissues. However, a proven noninvasive <i>in vivo</i> IONP imaging technique has not yet been developed. In this study we have demonstrated the shortcomings of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for effectively observing and quantifying iron/IONP concentrations in the clinical setting. Despite the poor outcomes of CT and standard MR sequences in the therapeutic concentration range, ultra-short T2 MRI methods such as, <i>Sweep Imaging With Fourier Transformation</i> (SWIFT), provide a positive iron contrast enhancement and a reduced signal to noise ratio. Ongoing software development and phantom and <i>in vivo</i> studies, will further optimize this technique, providing accurate, clinically-relevant IONP biodistribution information.
Normal range values for thromboelastography in healthy adult volunteers (2009)

Thromboelastography (TEG®) provides a functional evaluation of coagulation. It has characteristics of an ideal coagulation test for trauma, but is not frequently used, partially due to lack of both standardized techniques and normal values. We determined normal values for our population, compared them to those of the manufacturer and evaluated the effect of gender, age, blood type, and ethnicity. The technique was standardized using citrated blood, kaolin and was performed on a Haemoscope 5000 device. Volunteers were interviewed and excluded if pregnant, on anticoagulants or having a bleeding disorder. The TEG® parameters analyzed were R, K, α, MA, LY30, and coagulation index. All volunteers outside the manufacturer’s normal range underwent extensive coagulation investigations. Reference ranges for 95% for 118 healthy volunteers were R: 3.8-9.8 min, K: 0.7-3.4 min, α: 47.8-77.7 degrees, MA: 49.7-72.7 mm, LY30: -2.3-5.77%, coagulation index: -5.1-3.6. Most values were significantly different from those of the manufacturer, which would have diagnosed coagulopathy in 10 volunteers, for whom additional investigation revealed no disease (81% specificity). Healthy women were significantly more hypercoagulable than men. Aging was not associated with hypercoagulability and East Asian ethnicity was not with hypocoagulability. In our population, the manufacturer’s normal values for citrated blood-kaolin had a specificity of 81% and would incorrectly identify 8.5% of the healthy volunteers as coagulopathic. This study supports the manufacturer’s recommendation that each institution should determine its own normal values before adopting TEG®, a procedure which may be impractical. Consideration should be given to a multi-institutional study to establish wide standard values for TEG®.
Activation of the Immune-Metabolic Receptor GPR84 Enhances Inflammation and Phagocytosis in Macrophages (2018)

GPR84 is a member of the metabolic G protein-coupled receptor family, and its expression has been described predominantly in immune cells. GPR84 activation is involved in the inflammatory response, but the mechanisms by which it modulates inflammation have been incompletely described. In this study, we investigated GPR84 expression, activation, and function in macrophages to establish the role of the receptor during the inflammatory response. We observed that GPR84 expression in murine tissues is increased by endotoxemia, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. <i>Ex vivo</i> studies revealed that GPR84 mRNA expression is increased by LPS and other pro-inflammatory molecules in different murine and human macrophage populations. Likewise, high glucose concentrations and the presence of oxidized LDL increased GPR84 expression in macrophages. Activation of the GPR84 receptor with a selective agonist, 6-(octylamino) pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (6-<i>n</i>-octylaminouracil, 6-OAU), enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Akt, p-ERK, and p65 nuclear translocation under inflammatory conditions and elevated the expression levels of the inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-6, IL-12B, CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL1. In addition, GPR84 activation triggered increased bacterial adhesion and phagocytosis in macrophages. The enhanced inflammatory response mediated by 6-OAU was not observed in GPR84<sup>-/-</sup> cells nor in macrophages treated with a selective GPR84 antagonist. Collectively, our results reveal that GPR84 functions as an enhancer of inflammatory signaling in macrophages once inflammation is established. Therefore, molecules that antagonize the GPR84 receptor may be potential therapeutic tools in inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
Sound Stabilizes Locomotor-Respiratory Coupling and Reduces Energy Cost (2012)

A natural synchronization between locomotor and respiratory systems is known to exist for various species and various forms of locomotion. This Locomotor-Respiratory Coupling (LRC) is fundamental for the energy transfer between the two subsystems during long duration exercise and originates from mechanical and neurological interactions. Different methodologies have been used to compute LRC, giving rise to various and often diverging results in terms of synchronization, (de-)stabilization via information, and associated energy cost. In this article, the theory of nonlinear-coupled oscillators was adopted to characterize LRC, through the model of the sine circle map, and tested it in the context of cycling. Our specific focus was the sound-induced stabilization of LRC and its associated change in energy consumption. In our experimental study, participants were instructed during a cycling exercise to synchronize either their respiration or their pedaling rate with an external auditory stimulus whose rhythm corresponded to their individual preferential breathing or cycling frequencies. Results showed a significant reduction in energy expenditure with auditory stimulation, accompanied by a stabilization of LRC. The sound-induced effect was asymmetrical, with a better stabilizing influence of the metronome on the locomotor system than on the respiratory system. A modification of the respiratory frequency was indeed observed when participants cycled in synchrony with the tone, leading to a transition toward more stable frequency ratios as predicted by the sine circle map. In addition to the classical mechanical and neurological origins of LRC, here we demonstrated using the sine circle map model that information plays an important modulatory role of the synchronization, and has global energetic consequences.