gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Bit-Loading for Discrete Multi-Tone Transmission Over Short Range POF Systems (2013)

A novel bit-loading approach is proposed for the discrete multi-tone (DMT) transmission over short range polymer optical fiber (POF) systems. First of all, from the extract signal-to-noise ratio table of quadrature amplitude modulation for different desired bit error rates (BER), a new linear approximation (LA) expression is introduced to implement bit-loading for DMT systems. Then, based on water-filling concept, the performance bounds and optimal power allocations for the classical and the proposed bit-loading algorithms in Gaussian low-pass channel models are derived. Consequently, introducing the measured channel parameters of step-index (SI)-POF channels with different transmission distances, the theoretical performance bounds are computed and the practical transmission rates are simulated. Simulation results show that the proposed LA expression based bit-loading achieves higher transmission rate than classical modulation gap based bit-loading. Both algorithms use a sub-optimal Chow algorithm with a constant power allocation and an iterative process. Finally, real DMT transmissions over SI-POFs are implemented in order to verify the proposed method. The LA expression based bit-loading outperforms the modulation gap based bit-loading in DMT transmission systems over different transmission distances. Moreover, experimental results show that the longer fiber length, the higher performance gain with LA expression based bit-loading. In the comparisons, for a 50 m SI-POF transmission, the transmission rate in DMT system with LA expression based bit-loading is improved by 5% with the same experimental setups for a given BER at 1 ×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">- 3</sup> and by 10% for a 100 m length.
Laser Ablation of Cubic Boron Nitride Thin Films (1990)

"Laser Ablation of Cubic Boron Nitride Thin Films." Materials and Processing Report, 5(7), p. 5
Selective Receptor Blockade During Phagocytosis does Not Alter the Survival and Growth of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Human Macrophages (1996)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives and replicates within human macrophages, but the mechanisms whereby tubercle bacilli resist killing are incompletely understood. We tested the general model in which M. tuberculosis evades killing by entering naive macrophages through receptors that are unable to activate cellular microbicidal activities. Complement receptor types 1 (CR1), 3 (CR3), and 4 (CR4) were blocked with monoclonal antibodies, and mannose receptors were blocked with a competitive ligand, mannosylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA). Survival and replication of M. tuberculosis (Erdman) were evaluated after the bacteria were phagocytosed in the presence of blocking agents (directing binding to the unblocked receptors). Although there was significant variation in the growth rate of virulent M. tuberculosis in monocyte-derived macrophages from different donors, the intracellular survival and replication of mycobacteria were equivalent regardless of the receptor(s) used for binding and phagocytosis. We conclude that the mechanisms whereby M. tuberculosis evades killing by human macrophages are independent of the receptor-mediated route of entry, and operate at one or more steps common to all entry pathways. Blocking complement and mannose receptors in combination did not completely abrogate binding of M. tuberculosis to macrophages. However, we found that two polyanionic scavenger-receptor ligands exhibited a concentration-dependent ability to block binding of M. tuberculosis to macrophages. Moreover, blocking class A scavenger receptors abrogated nearly all binding that persisted after blocking complement and mannose receptors. This indicates that class A scavenger receptors are quantitatively important mediators of M. tuberculosis-macrophage interactions. M. tuberculosis has evolved multiple mechanisms to promote its efficient entry into macrophages. This suggests that passage of the organism through macrophages may be an essential early step in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
3-Nitropropanal and 3-Nitropropanol: Preparation of the Parent Compounds and Derivatives (1986)

3-Nitropropanal has been prepared for the first time by 1,4-nitrite addition to acrolein. Several acetals of 3-nitropropanal are described, as well as 3-nitropropanal and some of its ethers. 3-Nitropropanal has been obtained by borane-dimethyl sulfide reduction of both 3-nitropropanal and 3-nitropropanoic acid. These reactions make available a variety of nitro compounds known as, or expected to become, highly useful and versatile building blocks for organic syntheses.
Development of Bi-2212 conductors and magnets for high-magnetic-field generation (2000)

Bi-2212 is a very interesting superconductor from the point of view of high-magnetic-field generation because it has an extraordinarily high upper critical field. This paper reviews recent remarkable progress on Bi-2212/Ag superconductors and their applications to high-field magnets. Bi-2212/Ag multifilamentary and multilayer tape conductors with excellent performance in high fields were developed by the application of a powder-in-tube method and a coating method, respectively. High Jc values of (1.5-3) × 105A cm-2in a field of 30 T at 4.2 K were obtained for both multifilamentary and multilayer tapes. Pancake-type magnets were fabricated with these Bi-2212 tapes. The combination of Bi-2212 magnets and an 18 T conventional superconducting magnet generated a world record of 23.4 T at 4.2 K. A Bi-2212 magnet having a practical size of clear bore of 61 mm was also fabricated. This magnet generated 3 T in a backup field of 18 T at 4.2 K with a total field of 21 T. This 21 T magnet system has been operated many times since 28 September 1998, and the magnet system is now being used for experiments such as the Jc -Bmeasurements of superconductors. These results clearly demonstrate that a Bi-2212 conductor is very promising for high-field applications. One of the interesting applications of a high-field superconducting magnet is a high-field NMR spectrometer. The electric field versus current density (E -J ) characteristics and the persistent-current mode of magnet operation are discussed in connection with the NMR.
Wire Grid Infrared Polarizer (1965)

A useful polarizer for the 6-μ to 20-μ region has been designed, fabricated, and tested. A microscopic wire grid was formed by ruling Irtran 2 (ZnS) or Irtran 4 (ZnSe) and evaporating aluminum preferentially on the groove tips. The average transmittance for the crossed polarizers in the 8-μ to 20-μ region was less than 1%. The degree of polarization was insensitive to a wide range of incidence angles. Data showing the spectral polarization efficiency as a function of wavelength are presented.
Ray Vector Fields, Prismatic Effect, and Thick Astigmatic Optical Systems (1996)

The application of the concept of ray vector fields to optical systems is reexamined. Paraxial or linear optics defines a four-dimensional ray vector field for any optical system: the vector field maps the incident ray vector into the emergent ray vector. In the case of thin systems, including thin astigmatic lenses, one can define a vector field of reduced dimensionality: the vector field is two-dimensional and maps the ray's incident position into the change in reduced direction. When the index of refraction is the same before and after a thin system, the change in reduced direction is the reduced deflection through the system or the reduced prismatic effect. Contrary to what has recently been claimed, this type of two-dimensional vector field does not apply in general to thick systems. However, a number of different types of two-dimensional vector fields can be defined for various particular classes of optical systems. Thick systems differ qualitatively from thin systems. They do not have equivalent thin lenses and cannot generally be replaced by thin lenses. Equations are derived for the change in reduced direction and deflection for a ray through optical systems in general and through separated two- and three-lens systems in particular.
Association Phenomena in Some Organophosphorus Compounds (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssociation Phenomena in Some Organophosphorus CompoundsGennady M. Kosolapoff and J. Stephen PowellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 9, 4291–4292Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01165a523https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01165a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunological Aspects of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies (2010)

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are proposed as cell therapies for degenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. The feasibility of allogeneic MSC therapies rests heavily on the concept that these cells avoid or actively suppress the immunological responses that cause rejection of most allogeneic cells and tissues. In this article the validity of the immune privileged status of allogeneic MSCs is explored in the context of recent literature. Current data that provide the mechanistic basis for immune modulation by MSCs are reviewed with particular attention to how MSCs modify the triggering and effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity. The ability of MSCs to induce regulatory dendritic and T-cell populations is discussed with regard to cell therapy for autoimmune disease. Finally, we examine the evidence for and against the immune privileged status of allogeneic MSCs in vivo. Allogeneic MSCs emerge as cells that are responsive to local signals and exert wide-ranging, predominantly suppressive, effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Nonetheless, these cells also retain a degree of immunogenicity in some circumstances that may limit MSC longevity and attenuate their beneficial effects. Ultimately successful allogeneic cell therapies will rely on an improved understanding of the parameters of MSC-immune system interactions in vivo.
COMPARISON OF INOTROPIC AND CHRONOTROPIC RESPONSES IN RAT ISOLATED ATRIA AND VENTRICLES (1991)

1. The positive inotropic and chronotropic responses to adrenoceptor agonists (noradrenaline, phenylephrine), to compounds which increase cAMP by post-adrenoceptor mechanisms (forskolin, theophylline and dibutyryl cAMP) and to calcium chloride were measured in isolated rat atria and papillary muscles from both ventricles. 2. Noradrenaline produced similar maximal inotropic responses to calcium chloride in all tissues. Forskolin gave similar responses to calcium chloride in atrial but not ventricular tissues; the reverse was observed with dibutyryl cAMP. Phenylephrine and theophylline produced significantly smaller inotropic responses than calcium chloride in all tissues, especially in ventricular tissues. 3. Maximal chronotropic responses to noradrenaline, theophylline and dibutyryl cAMP were similar. Forskolin produced significantly greater responses while calcium chloride and phenylephrine produced significantly smaller responses than noradrenaline. 4. These results show that the maximal positive inotropic response of some agonists is markedly dependent on the tissue chosen. Further, chronotropic responses in right atria do not mimic inotropic responses in left atria.
Structure of Streptomyces erythraeus Lysozyme at 6 Resolution (1979)

A 6 A resolution electron density map has been calculated for a bacterial lysozyme produced by Streptomyces erythraeus. This lysozyme differs from the vertebrate lysozyme in its size, amino acid composition, and specificity. The structure was determined by the method of isomorphous replacement. Three heavy atom derivatives were obtained by soaking crystals of the lysozyme in HgCl2, K2PtCl4, and UO2(NO3)26H2O. The resulting electron density map clearly shows the molecular boundary. The molecule is ellipsoidal in shape with average dimensions 50 A X 35 A X 35 A. High resolution analysis and sequence analysis of the molecule are in progress.
Savannah River Site Environmental Report for 2011 (2012)

The Savannah River Site Environmental Report for 2011 (SRNS-STI-2012-00200) is prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) according to requirements of DOE Order 231.1 B, “Environment, Safety and Health Reporting." The annual SRS Environmental Report has been produced for more than 50 years. Several hundred copies are and interested individuals. The report’s purpose is to: present summary environmental data that characterize site environmental management performance; describe compliance status with respect to environmental standards and requirements; highlight significant programs and efforts.
Contents, Vol. 47, 1985 (1985)

Drug DosageThe authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection
Session-based performance test case generation for Web applications (2010)

There are many techniques and tools for Web application testing, but few of these address the procedure for gathering user session data accessed in a production environment to assist in testing Web application performance. In this paper, we present a session-based approach to automatically generate performance test cases by exploiting user session information taken from server logs. Such test cases are used for generating synthetic workload to evaluate performance. This paper illustrates the prototype implementation of our session-based performance test case generation approach.
[Bronchiectasis in a patient with ulcerative colitis]. (1999)

Bronchopulmonary involvement is uncommon in ulcerative colitis. Bronchiectasis is a rare manifestation of the disease. We report a case of a 65-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis in whom we diagnosed bronchiectasis. The evidence of a relationship between bronchiectasis and ulcerative colitis was established on the basis of 3 criteria: the late occurrence of bronchiectasis in a patient without pulmonary history, their appearance after the ulcerative colitis developed and their improvement after inhaled corticosteroid treatment. This observation points out that ulcerative colitis investigations should be extended to the respiratory structures. The respiratory involvement is not always concomitant with the bowel disease. This observation suggests the efficiency of the inhaled corticosteroids in this disease.
Integrated Model for Prediction of Reentry Time of Risk Objects (2014)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Design and Synthesis of a γ<sup>1</sup>β<sup>8</sup>‐Cyclodextrin Oligomer: A New Platform with Potential Application as a Dendrimeric Multicarrier (2013)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a water-soluble, star-shaped macromolecular platform consisting of eight β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) units anchored to the narrower rim of a γ-CD core through bis(triazolyl)alkyl spacers. The efficient synthetic protocol is based on the microwave (MW)-promoted Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of CD monoazides to CD monoacetylenes. The ligand-hosting capability of the construct has been assessed by relaxometric titration and nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiling, which showed it to be good, and this was supported by molecular dynamics simulations. To demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining supramolecular structures with high hosting ability, we designed a dimeric platform, formed by joining two nonamers through the γ-CD cores through a bis(lithocholic acid) linker. With a view to the potential biological applications, cytotoxicity and extent of binding to human serum albumin were assessed. The properties of this dendrimeric multicarrier make it suitable for pharmaceutical and diagnostic purposes, ranging from targeted drug delivery to molecular imaging.
Assessment of Severity in Low-Back Disorders (1984)

Physical impairment and disability are defined, simple clinical methods of assessing them in low-back disorders are described, and the relationship between them analyzed.
Time, concentration, and pH parameters for the use of glutaraldehyde as a pulpotomy agent: an in vitro study. (1987)

The effects of time, concentration, and pH on glutaraldehyde ( GA) fixation were studied in vitro using 2 model systems: coIlagen-BSA gels as simulations of cell cytoplasm and enzyme activity in treated pulp tissue. The former system demonstrated that GA is most effective when buffered, and that its penetration is self-limiting. In general, concentration proved more a factor in the depth of penetration than did time. It was concluded from these experiments that buffering GA, increasing its concentration, and applying it for longer periods, all enhance the degree of fixation; only stronger solutions increase the depth of fixation. Practically, the data suggest that clinical treatment might involve using buffered glutaraldehyde -- either at 4% for 4 rain or 8% for 2 rain.
Impact of azithromycin on oropharyngeal carriage of Group A Streptococcus and nasopharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (2000)

Azithromycin is an effective short course regimen for eradication of oropharyngeal GAS. However, azithromycin selected for macrolide-resistant strains of pneumococci. These findings highlight the importance of determining the appropriate circumstances for antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent invasive GAS infections.
Cellular and extracellular production of carbohydrates and amino acids by the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum: diel variations and effects of N depletion (2002)

A detailed study was made of cellular and extracellular production of carbohydrates and amino acids by the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve during different growth phases. Batch cultures were run with a 14:10 h light:dark cycle in N-limited media at 2 different nutrient strengths. The exponential growth rate was 2.0 div. d -1 , and balanced growth took place except for significant diel variation in chemical composition. Inorganic C and N were primarily assimilated during the photophase, and the elemental cell quotas increased accordingly. The level of storage polysaccharide, -1, 3-glucan, oscillated between 17% (end of scotophase) and 42% (end of photophase) of cellular organic C, and the corresponding protein:glucan ratio alternated between 2.3 and 0.7. Cell wall polysaccharides constituted 6 to 10% of cellular organic C. Concurrently, the cellular free amino acid pool oscillated between 8% (end of scotophase) and 22% (end of photophase) of cellular organic N. Glutamine emerged as the principal amino acid during photosynthesis, increasing from 0.2 to 12 fmol cell -1 , and the corresponding glutamine:glutamate ratio increased from 0.05 to 2. Upon NO 3 -exhaustion, the glucan level increased rapidly for 3 to 4 d, and then stabilized at 75 to 80% of cellular organic C with little diel variation. In contrast, the cellular N quota decreased by 80%, and the cell wall polysaccharide quota decreased by 35%. Consequently, the protein:glucan ratio decreased to < 0.1. The cellular free amino acid pool decreased by 90% within 24 h of N depletion, and continued to decrease slowly throughout the stationary phase. Glutamine decreased most rapidly, and constituted <1% of the free amino acids in the stationary phase. Extracellular production accounted for 4% of total photosynthetic production during both exponential and stationary growth phase, but the absolute excretion rate (per cell) was markedly higher in the exponential phase. A transient high release occurred in the transition phase in 1 case, which was probably caused by cell leakage. Extracellular production by 'healthy' cells contained 33% polysaccharides, 15% monosaccharides and 5% free amino acids (as C). The composition of the extracellular amino acids differed from the intracellular ones, and changed considerably from exponential to stationary growth phase. This study illustrates the rapid response of carbohydrate and amino acid dynamics to ambient N and light conditions at the cellular level.
Computer-Controlled Cycle Ergometer (1981)

This communication describes a computer-controlled cycle ergometer that generates any dynamic work rate stimulus between 0 and 350 W. The ergometer system features true "zero" watt pedaling and a response time less than 0.5 s. The work rate stimulus is generated via computer software.
Trustworthy Blockchain Oracles: Review, Comparison, and Open Research Challenges (2020)

The essence of blockchain smart contracts lies in the execution of business logic code in a decentralized architecture in which the execution outcomes are trusted and agreed upon by all the executing nodes. Despite the decentralized and trustless architectures of the blockchain systems, smart contracts on their own cannot access data from the external world. Instead, smart contracts interact with off-chain external data sources, called oracles, whose primary job is to collect and provide data feeds and input to smart contracts. However, there is always risk of oracles providing corrupt, malicious, or inaccurate data. In this paper, we analyze and present the notion of trust in the oracles used in blockchain ecosystems. We analyze and compare trust-enabling features of the leading blockchain oracle approaches, techniques, and platforms. Moreover, we discuss open research challenges that should be addressed to ensure secure and trustworthy blockchain oracles.
Linear, 1*2 directional coupler modulator with 10 GHz bandwidth (1990)

The characteristics are presented of a 1*2 coupler with coplanar stripline, traveling-wave electrodes designed for broadband operation to approximately 10 GHz. Modulators are fabricated by Ti diffusion in Z-cut, Y-propagating LiNbO/sub 3/ to form single-mode guides at the 1.3- mu m wavelength. Electrodes are defined over an approximately 0.3- mu m-thick SiO/sub 2/ buffer layer in approximately 3- mu m electroplated gold, with L=6.5 mm. The waveguide parameters and arm separation are designed with the aim of achieving coupling coefficients corresponding to 0.5<or=y<or=1.0. which gives optimum sensitivity. Measurements were made of the modulation characteristics at 1 kHz. The results indicate that a good linear modulation performance can be achieved with a 1*2 directional coupler having a 10-11-GHz bandwidth response.<<ETX>>