gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Comfort and Engine Warm-Up Optimization of a Low-Flow Advanced Thermal Management System (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The replacement of the mechanical water pump and wax-based thermostat with an electric pump and electric flow control valve provide the opportunity for improved engine thermal management and climate control. This paper investigates various cooling system flow circuits and their effects on heater performance, subsequently optimizing passenger comfort and engine warm-up. An electric pump and 2-way electric flow control valve were installed on a large SUV, and both the warm-up and flow performance were evaluated for several circuits-including a heater core boost pump, modified flow circuit designs, and differing pump speeds-and compared to the base cooling and HVAC systems. The Advanced Thermal Management System (ATMS) is shown to increase engine warm-up, cabin warm-up, and heater performance.</div>
History of development of polycrystalline optical spinel in the U.S. (2005)

Optical quality polycrystalline spinel (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) has been sought as a visible- and infrared-transmitting material since the 1960s because of its potential for transparent armor and durable sensor windows. Its physical properties were known from synthetic crystals available since ~1950 from Linde Air Products. In the late 1960s, methods to process powder into transparent, polycrystalline spinel were investigated at North Carolina State University, General Electric Co., AVCO, and Westinghouse, mainly with Government support. The leading figure in the development of polycrystalline spinel was Don Roy, who began work on spinel at Coors Ceramics around 1970, initially for transparent armor. In the late 1970s, both Coors Ceramics and Raytheon Research Division were funded to make spinel for the infrared dome of the Advanced Short-Range Air-to-Air Missile, an application that disappeared by 1980. In the late 1980s, there was another burst of activity when spinel was a candidate for the Stinger Missile. By 1990, Raytheon had dropped spinel and the material was spun off by Coors Ceramics to Alpha Optical Systems, whose technical effort was led by Don Roy. With low commercial sales potential for spinel, Alpha was dissolved in 1993. RCS Technologies took over a Government contract seeking 200-mm spinel domes for the Harrier aircraft, but this effort ended in 1996 and RCS was dissolved. In 1998, the Army enlisted TA&T to make spinel for transparent armor. Other potential applications appeared and TA&T received numerous Government development contracts. Demand for the still-unavailable spinel drew Surmet to begin development in 2002. In early 2005, spinel is under active development at TA&T and Surmet.
Capillary Electrochromatography Using a Strong Cation-Exchange Column with a Dynamically Modified Cationic Surfactant (2000)

A novel mode of capillary electrochromatography (CEC), called dynamically modified strong cation-exchange CEC (DMSCX-CEC), is described in this paper. A column packed with a strong cation-exchange (SCX) packing material was dynamically modified with a long-chain quaternary ammonium salt, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which was added to the mobile phase. CTAB ions were adsorbed onto the surface of the SCX packing material, and the resulting hydrophobic layer on this packing was used as the stationary phase. Using the dynamically modified SCX column, neutral solutes were separated with the CEC mode. The highest number of theoretical plates obtained was about 190 000/m, and the relative standard deviations (RSD's) for migration times and capacity factors of alkylbenzenes were less than 1.0% and 2.0% for five consecutive runs, respectively. The effects of CTAB and methanol concentrations and the pH value of the mobile phase on the electroosmotic flow and the separation mechanism were investigated. Excellent simultaneous separation of the basic and neutral solutes in DMSCX-CEC with a high-pH mobile phase was obtained. A mixture containing the acidic, basic, and neutral compounds was well separated in this mode with a low-pH mobile phase; however, peak tailing for basic compounds was observed in this mobile phase.
Successful Combination Immunotherapy for the Generation In Vivo of Antitumor Activity With Anti-CD3, Interleukin 2, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (1990)

The purpose of this study was to generate lymphokine-activated killer cells via alternative pathways using combinations of biologic agents. Immunotherapy with the mouse anti-CD3 analogue combined with low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was tested for in vivo antitumor efficacy against established pulmonary metastases from a variety of mouse tumor-cell lines. Administration of a single dose of anti-CD3 followed by low-dose IL-2 and TNF-alpha potentiated reduction of metastases compared with higher doses of IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus TNF-alpha. Treatment with anti-CD3 plus IL-2 plus TNF-alpha significantly prolonged survival and resulted in 60% of the mice achieving long-term survival compared with no survival using single agents or other combinations. The lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer activities of mouse splenocytes increased following treatment with anti-CD3 plus IL-2 plus TNF-alpha. These results indicate that the sequential use of anti-CD3, IL-2, and TNF-alpha for the induction and maintenance of lymphokine-activated killer activity potentiates antitumor activity and provides novel strategies for combination immunotherapy.
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) Usage of the Offer/Answer Model (2006)

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) utilizes the offer/answer model
to establish and update multimedia sessions using the Session
Description Protocol (SDP). The description of the offer/answer model
in SIP is dispersed across multiple RFCs. This document summarizes all
the current usages of the offer/answer model in SIP communication.
Microbiological deterioration of rubbers and plastics (1968)

Abstract The effects of micro‐organisms on rubbers and plastics are reviewed, with reference to the chemical nature of the polymers and their possible additives. The confused and sometimes contradictory nature of the evidence is indicated, and it is concluded that both synthetic and naturally‐occurring polymers are attacked but it is not possible at this stage to say which chemical groups in each polymer are susceptible.
Cloning and expression of midecamycin 4"-acylase gene in spiramycin producing strains. (1992)

A recombinant plasmid p66B containing the midecamycin 4"-acylase gene was obtained by cloning this gene into plasmid vetor pIJ680 from the primary clone pCN6C5, presumably harboring the midecamycin biosynthetic gene. The expression of the midecamycin 4"-acylase gene (p66B) in spiramycin producing strains resulted mainly in the production of 4"-isovalerylspiramycin. Another positive clone pCN10F5 was discovered from the genomic library of S. mycarofacians 1748 by probing with p66B DNA BamHI-BamHI 2.3kb fragment. A BamHI-BamHI 8.0kb homologous region on pCN10F5 was determined by Southern hybridization and was subcloned into plasmids pWHM3 and pIJ680. Recombinant plasmids pWF5 and p6F5 with molecular size about 15.2kb and 13.3kb, respectively, were obtained. Transformation of spiramycin producing strains with these plasmids resulted in the production of two major components. Based on their physicochemical properties and spectral evidences, component I was identified as 4"-propionylspiramycin III, and component II as 4"-propionylspiramycin II. Southern hybridization confirmed that the BamHI-BamHI 8.0kb fragment was cloned in the spiramycin producing strain. Only pCN10F5 clone was identified from the genomic library of S. mycarofaciens 1748 when the 4"-isovaleryltransferase gene of carbomycin producing strain S. thermotolerans was used as a probe in colony hybridization. It suggests that there is a difference between the 4"-acyltransferase genes in the pCN6C5 and pCN10F5 clones.
Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X-ray Methods (1981)

This volume is the proceedings of a Nato advanced study institute on x-ray methods of characterising crystal defects held at Durham University in September 1979. The emphasis is on topographical methods where the individual defects are imaged.
Efficiencies of Cycling Lithium on a Lithium Substrate in Propylene Carbonate (1978)

To assess the cycling efficiency of the Li electrode in a positive‐limited secondary battery, Li has been plated and stripped from a Li substrate. This has been carried out in a specially designed cell containing a Li electrode of known volume: Li is plated and stripped from this electrode until the substrate is depleted. Individual efficiencies can also be determined from inflections in the stripping curves. Average efficiencies were best for PC, which had been preelectrolyzed and treated with activated neutral alumina. Here, for 10 C/cm2 cycles about 85% cycling efficiency was obtained, essentially without change until the substrate was depleted. In general, showed inferior behavior to .
Enzyme cascade reactions: synthesis of furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and carboxylic acids using oxidases in tandem (2015)

Three enzymes are combined under mild conditions for the preparative scale oxidation of HMF to FDCA and a range of 10 alcohols.
New ELISAs with high specificity for soluble oligomers of amyloid β‐protein detect natural Aβ oligomers in human brain but not CSF (2013)

These new o-ELISAs with rigorously confirmed specificity can quantify oligomer burden in human and mouse brains for diagnostic and mechanistic studies and for AD biomarker development. However, our data raise the likelihood that the hydrophobicity of Aß oligomers makes them very low in number or absent in aqueous CSF.
Net Absorption and Oxygen Consumption by Holstein Steers Fed Alfalfa or Orchardgrass Silage at Two Equalized Intakes (1988)

The objective of this experiment was to compare net nutrient absorption and oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera (PDV) of catheterized Holstein steers (333 kg) when fed alfalfa or orchardgrass silage at two equalized intakes. The design was a 4 X 4 Latin square with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of alfalfa or orchardgrass fed at 65 or 90 g dry matter/kg.75 live weight daily. Blood flow through PDV (dilution of p-aminohippurate), net nutrient absorption and oxygen consumption (venoarterial concentration differences times blood flow) were measured hourly for 12 h, followed by measurement of N and energy balance over 7 d. Compared with orchardgrass, steers when fed alfalfa absorbed more NH3-N (P less than .05), branched-chain volatile fatty acids (P less than .10) and n-valerate (P less than .05). Silage type did not affect (P greater than .10) blood flow to or O2 consumption by PDV or net absorption of glucose, L-lactate, acetate, propionate, urea-N, alpha-amino N or most amino acids. Oxygen consumption by PDV as a percentage of whole-animal O2 consumption was not different (P greater than .10) for steers when fed orchardgrass (27.2) or when fed alfalfa (23.6). Interrelationships between N and energy metabolism were responsible for the increased (P less than .05) metabolizable energy/kilogram silage dry matter and increased (P = .10) N retention by steers when fed alfalfa compared with orchardgrass. The PDV accounted for a substantial portion of whole-animal O2 consumption.
Eagles Black and White (1929)

Journal Article Eagles Black and White Get access Eagles Black and White. By Augur. 1929. (London : D. Appleton & Co., 8vo. 205 pp. 5s.) F. B. B. F. B. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Volume 8, Issue 3, May 1929, Pages 273–274, https://doi.org/10.2307/3014912 Published: 01 May 1929
Measurements of the absolute concentrations of hydrogen atom and hydroxyl produced in the silyl + oxygen reaction: determination of the product branching ratios (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurements of the absolute concentrations of hydrogen atom and hydroxyl produced in the silyl + oxygen reaction: determination of the product branching ratiosMitsuo Koshi, Nobuhiro Nishida, Yoshinori Murakami, and Hiroyuki MatsuiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 17, 4473–4478Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100119a035https://doi.org/10.1021/j100119a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
NOVEL GRAPH THEORETIC ENHANCEMENTS TO ICP-BASED VIRTUAL CRANIOFACIAL RECONSTRUCTION (2007)

Novel graph theoretic enhancements to the well-known iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm are proposed in the context of virtual craniofacial reconstruction. The input to the algorithm is a sequence of computed tomography (CT) images of a fractured human mandible. The closest set computation in the ICP algorithm is performed using the maximum cardinality minimum weight (MCMW) bipartite graph matching algorithm. Furthermore, the bounding boxes of the fracture surfaces are used to generate multiple candidate solutions based on the automorphism group of a cycle graph. The best candidate solution is selected by exploiting geometric constraints that are invariant to rigid body transformations and anatomical knowledge of the global shape of the mandible. Initialization of the ICP algorithm with the best candidate solution is found to improve surface reconstruction accuracy. Experimental results on CT scans of real patients are presented
Switching the Reaction Course of Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction with Ionic Liquids (2014)

The ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([emim][Tf2N]) offers new ways to modulate the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. [emim][Tf2N], when present as the supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile, decreases the reduction overpotential at a Pb electrode by 0.18 V as compared to tetraethylammonium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte. More interestingly, the ionic liquid shifts the reaction course during the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by promoting the formation of carbon monoxide instead of oxalate anion. With increasing concentration of [emim][Tf2N], a carboxylate species with reduced CO2 covalently bonded to the imidazolium ring is formed along with carbon monoxide. The results highlight the catalytic effects of the medium in modulating the CO2 reduction products.
MAC-enabling technologies for high-throughput wireless LAN (2006)

Wireless LAN systems play an important role in today's CE applications. However, due to various MAC/PHY overheads, the throughput is severely degraded. In this paper, we discuss sev- eral MAC techniques that can improve wireless transmission effi- ciency and reliability. These techniques include frame aggrega- tion, block acknowledgment, and retransmission schemes. Using analysis and simulation, we evaluate their efficiency and through- put performance. We also discuss how these MAC techniques can meet the throughput and QoS requirements of high-quality multi- media transmission applications.
Bayesian stereoscopic image resolution enhancement (2011)

Resolution enhancement for stereo imaging aims to use a pair of stereo images to reconstruct another pair of images with higher resolution. To tackle this problem, a Bayesian resolution enhancement approach is proposed in this paper. Since the prior image model is essential for solving the ill-posed numerical issues encountered in the image resolution enhancement, the proposed approach exploits a prior image model which considers both the spatial local smoothness constraint within each reconstructed high-resolution image and the disparity-compensated local smoothness constraint between the pair of reconstructed high-resolution images. Then the proposed prior image model is further incorporated into a Bayesian inference formulation to perform stochastic image reconstruction. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach.
Advanced plasma deposition improves ultra-narrowband optical filters (2013)

Narrowband filters are a critical technology for a variety of applications such as lidar (light detection and ranging), laser cleanup, chemical and gas sensing, instrumentation, and astronomy. The design principles are well known and relatively simple. All designs rely on stacked Fabry-Perot resonant cavities with dielectric reflectors composed of layers a quarter of a wavelength thick, spaced apart by cavities multiple half-wavelengths across. Several cavity filters are used in combination to ‘square up’ the spectral wave shape, resulting in the transmitted light having a ‘flat-topped’ spectrum when compared with that from light passed through single-cavity filters, which has a sharp, peaked spectral shape. Such multicavity filters also have much steeper rejection responses than single-cavity filters: the lesssteep spectral slopes of single-cavity filters can compromise signal-to-noise in narrowband detection. Creating multicavity filters is a challenge for deposition process control systems. It invariably introduces undesirable ripple (wavelength-dependent variation in attenuation of the signal as it enters the filter), resulting in signal loss in the pass band, the spectral range over which the filter has high transmittance. We use a computer-controlled variation on the turning point method1 of thickness control for each individual layer, where the filter is constantly measured and variations in thickness compensated for, taking into account thickness errors associated with multiple layers. The system allows us to make remarkably reproducible filters with very low ripple, producing a signal shape with steep slopes that consistently match theory. Ultra-narrowband filters are capable of producing images with astounding contrast (see Figure 1). This image of the Sun Figure 1. Solar image using a narrowband H-alpha filter combined with a narrowband etalon.
Microscopies multiharmoniques pour l’imagerie structurale de tissus intacts (2006)

One principal advantage of multiphoton excitation microscopy is that it preserves its three-dimensional micrometer resolution when imaging inside light-scattering samples. For that reason two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy has become an invaluable tool for cellular imaging in intact tissue, with applications in many fields of physiology. This success has driven increasing interest in other forms of nonlinear microscopy that can provide additional information on cells and tissues, such as second- (SHG) and third- (THG) harmonic generation microscopies. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the contrast mechanisms of these recent methodologies, and high-resolution imaging based on intrinsic sources of signal has been demonstrated in cells and tissues. Harmonic generation exhibits structural rather than chemical specificity and can be obtained from a variety of non-fluorescent samples. SHG is observed specifically in dense, non-centrosymmetric arrangements of polarizable molecules, such as collagen fibrils, myofilaments, and polarized microtubule bundles. SHG imaging is therefore emerging as a novel approach for studying processes such as the physiopathological remodelling of the collagen matrix and myofibrillogenesis in intact tissue. THG does not require a non-centrosymmetric system ; however no signal can be obtained from a homogeneous medium. THG imaging therefore provides maps of sub-micrometer heterogeneities (interfaces, inclusions) in unstained samples, and can be used as a general purpose structural imaging tool. Recent studies showed that this technique can be used to image embryo development in small organisms and to characterize the accumulation of large lipid bodies in specialized cells. SHG and THG microscopy both rely on femtosecond laser technology and are easily combined with two-photon microscopy.
Use of Alloy 718 and 725 in Oil and Gas Industry (2001)

Schlumberger started using alloy 718 in the early 1980s for downhole equipment. A need for completing high-pressure gas wells required a high strength alloy with good corrosion resistance to gas containing high COz and H2S for completion equipment. Alloys like C-276 were available and offered excellent corrosion resistance to anticipated fluids. However, it was available only as high-strength tubing and did not provide wall thickness and uniformity of strength across the wall thickness. The technology for cold-worked, high-strength bar was not developed at that that time. A study for various heat treatments for under-and over-aging was carried out to achieve desirable strength and toughness. The heat treatment and mechanical properties were finalized based on stress corrosion cracking results. The heat treatment and maximum hardness were governed for sour service application. This limited the maximum strength that can be obtained in 718. A welding procedure was developed for artificial gas lift applications.
Side Chain Accessibility and Dynamics in the Molten Globule State of α-Lactalbumin:  A<sup>19</sup>F-NMR Study (1999)

The molten globule state of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) has been considered a prototype of partially folded proteins. Despite the importance of molten globules in understanding the mechanisms of protein folding and its relevance to some biological phenomena, site-specific information on the structure and dynamics of a molten globule is limited, largely because of the high conformational flexibility and heterogeneity. Here, we use selective isotope labeling and (19)F NMR to investigate the solvent accessibility and side-chain dynamics of aromatic residues in the molten globule of alpha-LA. Comparison of these properties with those of the native and unfolded protein indicates that the alpha-LA molten globule is highly heterogeneous; each residue has its unique solvent accessibility and motional environment. Many aromatic residues normally buried in the interior of native alpha-LA remain significantly buried in the molten globule and the side-chain dynamics of these residues are highly restricted. Our results suggest that hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions mediated by the inaccessible surface area could be sufficient to account for all the stability of the alpha-LA molten globule, which is approximately 50% of the value for the native protein.