gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of coronary heart disease with aspirin and clopidogrel: efficacy, safety, costs and cost-effectiveness (2004)

Atherothrombotic coronary artery disease is the single most common cause of death worldwide and a growing public health problem. Platelets play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and are therefore commonly targeted by one or more antiplatelet drugs as part of primary and secondary atherothrombosis prevention strategies. Aspirin reduces the risk of serious vascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) by approximately 20% in a broad range of high-risk patients and remains the first-line antiplatelet drug because of its relative safety, low cost and cost-effectiveness. Compared with aspirin alone, clopidogrel reduces the risk of serious vascular events by approximately 10% and the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel reduces the risk by approximately 20% in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Clopidogrel has a similar safety profile to aspirin but clopidogrel tablets are substantially more expensive. However, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of clopidogrel compared with aspirin is favourable, particularly in high-risk patients and is intermediate compared with a range of other effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Clopidogrel should be considered as a replacement for aspirin in patients who are allergic to aspirin, cannot tolerate aspirin, have experienced a recurrent atherothrombotic vascular event whilst taking aspirin and are at very high absolute risk of a serious vascular event (e.g., > 20%/year). The combination of clopidogrel and aspirin should be considered in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Cycloaddition of “<i>N</i>-Acyliminium Ion Pools” with Carbon–Carbon Multiple Bonds (2005)

Abstract N-Acyliminium ion pools, which are generated from α-silyl carbamates, were found to react with a variety of alkenes and alkynes to give the corresponding cycloadducts. The reaction with styrene derivatives gave rise to the formation of a significant amount of polymeric products. The use of micromixing, however, resulted in a significant increase in the yield of the cycloadduct at the expense of the polymer. Mechanistic studies indicated that a concerted mechanism seems to be most likely for alkyl-substituted alkenes, whereas a stepwise mechanism seems to be reasonable for aryl-substituted alkenes.
2,2,2-Trifluorodiazoethane: A Highly Selective Reagent for the Protection of Sulfonic Acids (1984)

Par reaction du (diazo trifluoro-2,2,2) ethane avec des acides sulfoniques, obtention des sulfonates de [diazo trifluoro-2,2,2 ethyle] correspondants
Effect of Magnesium and Calcium Complexation on the Photochemical Properties of Norfloxacin (1996)

Abstract— The fluoroquinolone antibiotics can induce skin photosensitivity in some patients and this has been ascribed to the generation of reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen (O 2 [ 1 Δ g ]). We have studied the photochemical properties of the different ionized forms of the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin upon complexation with Mg 2 + and Ca 2 + ions, as it is proposed that the antibiotic exists mainly as a complex in the blood plasma. We found that the norfloxacin cation (pH < 6) shows no photodegradation after UVA irradiation and has a low quantum yield of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) generation. The norfloxacin cation does not complex. Ca 2 + or Mg 2 + ions; when these ions are added to the solution, we observed no changes in the fluorescence quantum yields (φ flu ) and singlet oxygen yields (φ Δ ). In contrast, the neutral (6 ± pH > 8.5) and anionic (pH > 9) forms of norfloxacin are able to complex calcium and magnesium, and their generation of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) is decreased by complexation. The neutral zwitterionic form and the anionic form also quench singlet oxygen by both chemical and physical pathways regardless of complex formation, while physical quenching is observed for the cation. At pH > 7.4, norfloxacin photobleaches and complexation to Ca 2 + and Mg 2 + increases the rate at which photobleaching occurs. Thus, both the pH of the medium and complexation with metal cations may affect the phototoxic potential of this antibiotic.
Clinical and research applications of anterior segment optical coherence tomography – a review (2008)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is being employed more and more often to image pathologies and surgical anatomy within the anterior segment, specifically in anterior chamber biometry, corneal pachymetric mapping, angle evaluation and high-resolution cross-sectional imaging. The cross-sectional imaging capability of OCT is similar to ultrasound, but its higher resolution allows OCT to measure and visualize very fine anatomic structures. No contact is required. In this review, we describe the utility and limitations of anterior segment OCT.
Information Needs in Collocated Software Development Teams (2007)

Previous research has documented the fragmented nature of software development work. To explain this in more detail, we analyzed software developers' day-to-day information needs. We observed seventeen developers at a large software company and transcribed their activities in go-minute sessions. We analyzed these logs for the information that developers sought, the sources that they used, and the situations th at prevented inform action from being acquired. We identified twenty-one information types and cataloged the outcome and source when each type of information was sought. The most frequently sought information included awareness about artifacts and coworkers. The most often deferred searches included knowledge about design and program behavior, such as why code was written a particular way, what a program was supposed to do, and the cause of a program state. Developers often had to defer tasks because the only source of knowledge was unavailable coworkers.
A Ligand-induced Conformational Change in Apolipoprotein(a) Enhances Covalent Lp(a) Formation (2003)

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) assembly proceeds via a two-step mechanism in which initial non-covalent interactions between apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) and low density lipoprotein precede disulfide bond formation. In this study, we used analytical ultracentrifugation, differential scanning calorimetry, and intrinsic fluorescence to demonstrate that in the presence of the lysine analog epsilon-aminocaproic acid, apo(a) undergoes a substantial conformational change from a "closed" to an "open" structure that is characterized by an increase in the hydrodynamic radius (approximately 10%), an alteration in domain stability, as well as a decrease in tryptophan fluorescence. Although epsilon-aminocaproic acid is a well characterized inhibitor of the non-covalent interaction between apo(a) and low density lipoprotein, we report the novel observation that this ligand at low concentrations (100 microm-1 mm) significantly enhances covalent Lp(a) assembly by altering the conformation of apo(a). We developed a model for the kinetics of Lp(a) assembly that incorporates the conformational change as a determinant of the efficiency of the process; this model quantitatively explains our experimental observations. Interestingly, an analogous conformational change has been previously described for plasminogen resulting in an increase in the hydrodynamic radius, an increase in tryptophan fluorescence, and an acceleration of the rate of plasminogen activation. Although the functions of apo(a) and plasminogen have diverged considerably, elements of structural and conformational homology have been retained leading to similar regulation of two unrelated biological processes.
Performance stability of software ToA-based ranging in WLAN (2010)

This article proposes a set of strategies to improve the performance stability and reliability of purely software ToA-based ranging with off-the-shelf WLAN equipment. Taking as starting point the core design lines proposed in, where timing measurements were taken at OS level using the CPU clock of the client device, we optimize the OS configuration and the capture of the time-stamps. Results obtained with a prototype demonstrate that the proposed enhancements improve the performance stability by a factor four. The interest in this kind of ranging methods is because they enable cost-effective and accurate positioning in GNSS-less environments.
Optimum Plunger Lift Operation (1995)

ABSTRACT Operational conditions for a plunger lift installation are analyzed based on qualitative observations on a reduced experimental facility and simulations with a simple hydrodynamic model. Despite many simplifications, model predictions for daily production and pressure behavior at the wellhead agreed well when compared with measurements in a real well. A method is described to predict when it is possible to have liquid accumulation only in the tubing during the buildup period. It is shown that there is a minimum GLR to reach this desirable condition. Sensitivity analysis for a typical well shows that for a given pressure there is an optimum afterflow time, and for a given afterflow time the smaller the pressure the greater the production. Practical recommendations are given on how to obtain optimum conditions for a typical installation.
Ocular ketoconazole-loaded proniosomal gels: formulation, <i>ex vivo</i> corneal permeation and <i>in vivo</i> studies (2017)

Proniosomal gels as drug delivery carriers were proven to be a promising approach to increase corneal contact and permeation as well as retention time in the eye resulting in a sustained action and enhanced bioavailability.
Hydrophobic Plasma Polymer Coated Silica Particles for Petroleum Hydrocarbon Removal (2013)

In recent years, functionalized hydrophobic materials have attracted considerable interest as oil removal agents. This investigation has applied plasma polymerization as a novel method to develop hydrophobic and oleophilic particles for water purification. 1,7-Octadiene was plasma polymerized onto silica particles using a radio frequency inductively coupled reactor fitted with a rotating chamber. Plasma polymerized 1,7-octadiene (ppOD) films were deposited using plasma power of 40 W and monomer flow rate of 2 sccm, while polymerization time was varied from 5 to 60 min. The surface chemistry of ppOD coated particles was investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, while Washburn capillary rise measurements were applied to evaluate the hydrophobicity and oleophilicity of the particles. The effectiveness of ppOD coated particles for the removal of hydrophobic matter from water was demonstrated by adsorption of motor oil, kerosene, and crude oil. Petroleum hydrocarbon removal was examined by varying removal time and particle mass. The morphology of oil-loaded ppOD coated particles was examined via environmental scanning electron microscopy observations. Increasing the polymerization time increased the concentration of hydrocarbon functionalities on the surface, thus also increasing the hydrophobicity and oil removal efficiency (ORE). The ppOD coated particles have shown to have excellent ORE. These particles were capable of removing 99.0-99.5% of high viscosity motor oil in 10 min, while more than 99.5% of low viscosity crude oil and kerosene was adsorbed in less than 30 s. Plasma polymerization has shown to be a promising approach to produce a new class of materials for a fast, facile, and efficient oil removal.
Strongly-Secure Identity-based Key Agreement and Anonymous Extension. (2007)

Abstract. We study the provable security of identity-based (ID-based) key agreement protocols. Although several published protocols have been proven secure in the random oracle model, only a weak adversarial model is considered – the adversary is not allowed to ask Session-Key Reveal queries that will allow the adversary to learn previously established session keys. Recent research efforts devoted to providing a stronger level of security require strong assumptions, such as assuming that the simulator has access to a non-existential computational or decisional oracle. In this work, we propose an ID-based key agreement protocol and prove its security in the widely accepted indistinguishability-based model of Canetti and Krawczyk. In our proof, the simulator does not require access to any non-existential computational or decisional oracle. We then extend our basic protocol to support ad-hoc anonymous key agreement with bilateral privacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first protocol of its kind as previously published protocols are for fixed group and provide only unilateral privacy (i.e., only one of the protocol participants enjoy anonymity).
A wavelet packet basis optimization approach to radar waveform design (2002)

We describe the process of convolving a transmitted wide bandwidth chirp signal with a simulated target and then show how the result of this convolution can be decomposed using a basis optimization approach algorithm. We then show how the wavelet packet basis set can prioritize the bandwidth in the chirp signal to those frequencies that represent the target while removing other frequencies that might contain clutter and noise. Finally we compare the resulting radar signal to the signal not prioritized by the basis optimization and show improvements in the detection performance of the target at the reduced bandwidth.
Sibylle : a system for alternative communication adapting to the context and its user (2007)

International audience
Identification of mutations in UBIAD1 following exclusion of coding mutations in the chromosome 1p36 locus for Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy. (2007)

No presumed pathogenic coding region mutations were identified in the genes mapped to the candidate region for SCCD. However, missense mutations in UBIAD1, located just outside of the originally described SCCD fine mapped region, were identified in each of the three families with SCCD, confirming that mutations in UBIAD1 are associated with SCCD.
Metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I of cancer cells to reduce tumorigenesis (2014)

Recent epidemiological and laboratory-based studies suggest that the anti-diabetic drug metformin prevents cancer progression. How metformin diminishes tumor growth is not fully understood. In this study, we report that in human cancer cells, metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) activity and cellular respiration. Metformin inhibited cellular proliferation in the presence of glucose, but induced cell death upon glucose deprivation, indicating that cancer cells rely exclusively on glycolysis for survival in the presence of metformin. Metformin also reduced hypoxic activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). All of these effects of metformin were reversed when the metformin-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADH dehydrogenase NDI1 was overexpressed. In vivo, the administration of metformin to mice inhibited the growth of control human cancer cells but not those expressing NDI1. Thus, we have demonstrated that metformin's inhibitory effects on cancer progression are cancer cell autonomous and depend on its ability to inhibit mitochondrial complex I.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02242.001.
Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides Constrained with Biarylamine Linkers Using Buchwald—Hartwig C—N Coupling. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Patch‐clamp characterisation of somatostatin‐secreting δ‐cells in intact mouse pancreatic islets (2000)

The perforated patch whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was applied to superficial cells in intact mouse pancreatic islets. Three types of electrical activity were observed corresponding to alpha-, beta- and delta-cells. The delta-cells were electrically active in the presence of glucose but lacked the oscillatory pattern seen in the beta-cells. By contrast, the alpha-cells were electrically silent at high glucose concentrations but action potentials could be elicited by removal of the sugar. Both alpha- and beta-cells contained transient voltage-activated K+ currents. In the delta-cells, the K+ currents activated above -20 mV and were completely blocked by TEA (20 mM). The alpha-cells differed from the delta-cells in possessing a TEA-resistant K+ current activating already at -40 mV. Immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of Kv3.4 channels in delta-cells and TEA-resistant Kv4.3 channels in alpha-cells. Thus the presence of a transient TEA-resistant current can be used to functionally separate the delta- and alpha-cells. A TTX-sensitive Na+ current developed in delta-cells during depolarisations beyond -30 mV and reached a peak amplitude of 350 pA. Steady-state inactivation of this current was half-maximal at -28 mV. The delta-cells were also equipped with a sustained Ca2+ current that activated above -30 mV and reached a peak of 60 pA when measured at 2.6 mM extracellular Ca2+. A tolbutamide-sensitive KATP channel conductance was observed in delta-cells exposed to glucose-free medium. Addition of tolbutamide (0.1 mM) depolarised the delta-cell and evoked electrical activity. We propose that the KATP channels in delta-cells serve the same function as in the beta-cell and couple an elevation of the blood glucose concentration to stimulation of hormone release.
DON'T ELIMINATE INCOMING TEST--MOVE IT (2005)

This paper focuses on component testing and the Failure Mode Analysis (FMA) process and how they are integrated into the electronic assembly operation at the AT&T Oklahoma City Works. In the past, component testing was done at the front end of an assembly operation in order to economically provide the operation with components meeting required quality levels. As component quality improved, front end testing became uneconomical and ineffective. Redeploying component testing later in the operation regained the lost economy and provided additional information which was used to improve not only
Aesthetic guideline driven photography by robots (2011)

Robots depend on captured images for perceiving the environment. A robot can replace a human in capturing quality photographs for publishing. In this paper, we employ an iterative photo capture by robots (by repositioning itself) to capture good quality photographs. Our image quality assessment approach is based on few high level features of the image combined with some of the aesthetic guidelines of professional photography. Our system can also be used in web image search applications to rank images. We test our quality assessment approach on a large and diversified dataset and our system is able to achieve a classification accuracy of 79%. We assess the aesthetic error in the captured image and estimate the change required in orientation of the robot to retake an aesthetically better photograph. Our experiments are conducted on NAO robot with no stereo vision. The results demonstrate that our system can be used to capture professional photographs which are in accord with the human professional photography.
VLSI module placement based on rectangle-packing by the sequence-pair (1996)

The earliest and the most critical stage in VLSI layout design is the placement. The background is the rectangle packing problem: given a set of rectangular modules of arbitrary sizes, place them without overlap on a plane within a rectangle of minimum area. Since the variety of the packing is uncountably infinite, the key issue for successful optimization is the introduction of a finite solution space which includes an optimal solution. This paper proposes such a solution space where each packing is represented by a pair of module name sequences, called a sequence-pair. Searching this space by simulated annealing, hundreds of modules have been packed efficiently as demonstrated. For applications to VLSI layout, we attack the biggest MCNC benchmark ami49 with a conventional wiring area estimation method, and obtain a highly promising placement.
Evaluation of Colilert and Enterolert Defined Substrate Methodology for Wastewater Applications (2002)

This study evaluated the utility of defined substrate methodology (DSM) for the enumeration of indicator bacteria in wastewater applications. Two commercial products, Colilert and Enterolert systems (Idexx Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine), were evaluated for variation, false-positive results, and method correlation in both surface waters and treated wastewater effluent. The DSM tests performed as well or better than the traditional methodology. The Colilert total coliform test was also evaluated for its utility in estimating fecal coliforms by incubation at 44.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C. The modified DSM total coliform test correlated well to membrane filtration (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.8) for two different sample groups, demonstrating its utility as a screening tool to estimate fecal coliform densities.
Controlling Vector Bessel Beams with Metasurfaces (2014)

Metamaterial surfaces (metasurfaces) can generate tailored electromagnetic wavefronts with spatially varying phase and polarization profiles. In this study a common Gaussian beam is transformed into a vector Bessel beam, which is useful for particle trapping, near-field probes, and laser machining. Going forward, the design and fabrication methodology presented here could be used to create efficient metasurfaces even at optical wavelengths, enabling applications such as tractor beams in compact nanoscale devices.
The time courses of the alcohol concentrations in breath and blood and of some alcohol effects (1979)

In a drinking experiment, in which 15 students consumed 1 g ethanol per kg in 55 minutes, the time courses of alcohol concentrations in breath and blood and of some alcohol influenced central nervous functions (post-rotational) fixation-nystagmus and sensory-motor performance test were observed. In the elimination phase the blood/breath concentration ratio is 2540 (plus or minus) 200 for expired breath (mean and S.D. with 7 persons) and 2164 (plus or minus) 170 for end-expiratory breath (8 persons). The infrared photometer was used to determine breath-alcohol concentrations. It is adequately accurate during the elimination phase: the standard error of the blood alcohol concentration estimate from the breath is 9.2 mg ethanol per 100 ml blood. During the evasion phase the alcohol concentration in venous blood is higher than in arterial pulmonary blood and vice versa in the invasion phase. The equilibrium is reached when the venous blood alcohol concentration is maximal. In the resorption phase the breath alcohol concentration is a slightly better indicator of alcoholic impairment than venous blood alcohol concentration. Nevertheless, it does not describe sufficiently the higher alcohol effect in this phase. In our drinking experiment the major impairment of measured functions appeared significantly before the maximal alcohol concentrations in breath and blood were reached. Therefore the arterio-venous difference of alcohol concentration is not sufficient to explain the higher alcohol effect during the resorption phase. The rate in which the alcohol concentration rises is also responsible for the greater influence in this phase. DWI
READ OUT MECHANISM OF MAGNETICALLY INDUCED SUPER RESOLUTION (1991)

MSR (Magnetically induced Super Resolution) by FAD (Front Aperture Detection) was demonstrated by the readout waveform of the isolated pit. We calculated the response of the readout signal employing both the thermal analysis and the scaler detection theory. As experiments carried out with the same condition of the simulation, we obtained a favorable agreement between the experimental results and the simulation results.