gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha-Ketoglutarate Decreases Serum Levels of C-terminal Cross-Linking Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX) in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: Six-Month Study (2007)

Several studies have shown that alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) increases serum levels of proline and has beneficial effects on skeletal development. We studied the effect of alpha-ketoglutaric (AKG) acid calcium salt (6 g AKG and 1.68 Ca/day) or calcium alone (1.68 Ca/day) on serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC), as well as on lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in a randomized, parallel group, double-blind, 6-month study conducted on 76 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. The maximum decrease of the mean CTX level in the AKG-Ca group was observed after 24 weeks (37.0%, p = 0.006). The differences in CTX between study groups were statistically significant after 12 and 24 weeks. The OC serum level was not affected by treatments. The BMD of the AKG-Ca group increased by 1.6% from baseline; however, the difference between treatment groups was estimated as 0.9% (non-significant). This study suggests the potential usefulness of AKG-Ca in osteopenic postmenopausal women. AKG-Ca induced beneficial changes in serum CTX, which was consistent with preserving the bone mass in the lumbar spine; however, the long-term effect needs to be further investigated.
CoFe/Ir/CoFe artificial antiferromagnetic sandwich as a hard magnetic layer in hard-soft GMR sensors (2001)

We report on the magnetic and transport properties of CoFe/sub 3 nm//Ir/sub 0.5 nm//CoFe/sub 3 nm/ and CoFe/sub 1.5 nm//Ir/sub 0.5 nm//CoFe/sub 3 nm/ sandwiches, grown by ion beam sputtering. The sandwich with identical CoFe thicknesses presents a small rigidity and no plateau around zero field. For the same coupling strength, this rigidity and the plateau are strongly improved for the sandwich with asymmetrical CoFe thicknesses. In both cases, when the thicker layer is on the top or on the bottom of the AAF, coercive fields H/sub c/ of 600 Oe are obtained. However, the GMR plateau is only slightly improved for asymmetric sandwiches, probably due to lateral coupling fluctuations. Roughness analysis and TEM observations have been made in order to confirm the last hypothesis.
Circulating Follicular Helper–Like T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association With Disease Activity (2015)

Circulating Tfh-like cells are associated with disease activity in SLE, suggesting that their presence indicates abnormal homeostasis of T cell-B cell collaboration, with a causal relationship that is central to disease pathogenesis. These findings also suggest that circulating Tfh-like cells provide a surrogate for aberrant germinal center activity in SLE, and that their PD-1 expression offers a tool for measuring disease activity and monitoring the response to therapies.
IRAS observations of the Rosette nebula complex. (1990)

Les observations IRAS du rayonnement IR de la nebuleuse Rosette sont presentees. La distribution de la poussiere est analysee et comparee aux distributions du gaz ionise et de la matiere neutre. La luminosite totale de la nebuleuse est determinee. Les images CCD des deux sources les plus lumineuses de la nebuleuse, AFGL 961 et IRAS 06308+0402, sont egalement presentees
Sono-Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry of Lead at a Polished Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode: Application to the Determination of Lead in River Sediment (1999)

Ultrasonically-assisted cathodic stripping voltammetry at a boron-doped diamond electrode, has been developed for the detection of lead. At concentrations above 3 µM, linear sweep voltammetry was used to give the analytical signal from a cathodic strip of electrodeposited PbO2; linearity was observed from 3–100 µM, with 3 µM being the lower detection limit. Square-wave voltammetry was then employed for the cathodic stripping step, to lower the detection limits of the technique while retaining linearity to the order of 10–8 M. The procedure involves ultrasonic electrode cleaning, cathodic preconditioning and sono-anodic deposition of PbO2. This novel analytical tool is mercury-free, oxygen insensitive and highly specific towards lead, yet still offers scope for further elemental diversity, particularly for the detection of copper and iron. The square-wave sono-cathodic stripping voltammetry technique was combined with an ultrasonically assisted acid digestion protocol to successfully determine the lead content of a contaminated sample of river sediment, offering significant time saving over the currently used analytical procedure.
Amplitude normalization and its application to speech coding (2005)

A new method of processing speech signals has been introduced which is applicable to a variety of speech processing including narrowband, mediumband and wideband coding. It modifies the speech signal such that the modified signal will have more desirable characteristics as seen by the intended processing algorithm. The modification is achieved by a point-by-point division (normalization) of the signal by an amplitude function, which is obtained from lowpass filtering the magnitude of the signal. Several examples of normalized signal are presented. Applications to pitch detection and speech coding have been described. We mention several areas for future research.
Tuning Charge Transfer in Ion–Surface Collisions at Hyperthermal Energies (2016)

Charge exchange in ion-surface collisions may be influenced by surface adsorbates to alter the charge state of the scattered projectiles. We show here that the positive-ion yield, observed during ion scattering on metal surfaces at low incident energies, is greatly enhanced by adsorbing electronegative species onto the surface. Specifically, when beams of N(+) and O(+) ions are scattered off of clean Au surfaces at hyperthermal energies, no positive ions are observed exiting. Partial adsorption of F atoms on the Au surface, however, leads to the appearance of positively charged primary ions scattering off of Au, a direct result of the increase in the Au work function. The inelastic energy losses for positive-ion exits are slightly larger than the corresponding ionization energies of the respective N and O atoms, which suggest that the detected positive ions are formed by surface reionization during the hard collision event.
A framework for managing uncertainty in self-adaptive software systems (2011)

Self-adaptation endows a software system with the ability to satisfy certain objectives by automatically modifying its behavior. While many promising approaches for the construction of self-adaptive software systems have been developed, the majority of them ignore the uncertainty underlying the adaptation decisions. This has been one of the key inhibitors to widespread adoption of self-adaption techniques in risk-averse real-world settings. In this research abstract I outline my ongoing effort in the development of a framework for managing uncertainty in self-adaptation. This framework employs state-of-the-art mathematical approaches to model and assess uncertainty in adaptation decisions. Preliminary results show that knowledge about uncertainty allows self-adaptive software systems to make better decisions.
Phosphorylation Assay Based on Multifunctionalized Soluble Nanopolymer (2011)

Quantitative phosphorylation analysis is essential to understanding cellular signal transductions. Here we present a novel technology for the highly efficient assay of protein phosphorylation in high-throughput format without the use of phospho-specific antibodies. The technique is based on a water-soluble, nanosize polymer, termed pIMAGO, that is multifunctionalized with titanium(IV) ions for specific binding to phosphoproteins and with biotin groups that allow for enzyme-linked spectrometric detection. The sensitivity, specificity, and quantitative nature of pIMAGO for phosphorylation assays were examined with standard phosphoproteins and with purified phosphoproteins from whole cell extracts. As low as 100 pg of phosphoprotein can be measured quantitatively with the pIMAGO chemiluminescence assay. The pIMAGO assay was applied to an in vitro kinase assay, kinase inhibitor screening, and measurement of endogenous phosphorylation events. The technique provides a universal, quantitative method for global phosphorylation analysis with high sensitivity and specificity.
Evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a new marker for lung cancer (1990)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the only tumor marker of proven, although limited, value for the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors have prospectively assessed the potential value of a new tumor marker, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag), in a large series of patients with advanced lung cancer (LC). Squamous cell carcinoma antigen and CEA levels were measured in 382 healthy persons (N1 group), 90 patients with benign pulmonary diseases, and 291 patients with LC (129 with SCLC and 162 with NSCLC, including 96 with squamous LC). Carcinoembryonic antigen levels were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, but smoking habits did not influence the serum concentrations of SCC Ag. Elevated values (above the 95th percentiles of N1, i.e., 7.5 ng/ml for CEA and 3.0 ng/ml for SCC Ag) were observed in 11.1% of patients with benign pulmonary diseases for both markers. Carcinoembryonic antigen was more sensitive than SCC Ag, even for squamous LC (56% versus 35% of elevated values, P less than 0.01). The specificity toward squamous LC was better, however, for SCC Ag, for which levels were elevated in only 8.5% of SCLC and in 18% of other forms of NSCLC, compared with 49% and 55%, respectively, for CEA. Moreover, measurement of SCC Ag and CEA levels did not give redundant information: thus, in squamous LC and SCC Ag level was elevated in 32% of the patients with a normal CEA level, increasing from 57% to 71% the proportion of patients with at least one elevated marker. Lastly, elevation of CEA or SCC Ag levels was an adverse prognostic factor in squamous LC (P = 0.05 for CEA; P = 0.07 for SCC Ag). In conclusion, SCC Ag appears to be worthwhile of further investigation in squamous LC. The authors found that this new marker provided additional information on CEA and that it was more specific for squamous LC than CEA.
Photoluminescence of size-separated silicon nanocrystals: Confirmation of quantum confinement (2002)

Silicon nanocrystals with diameters between 2.5 and 8 nm were prepared by pulsed CO2 laser pyrolysis of silane in a gas flow reactor and expanded through a conical nozzle into a high vacuum. Using a fast-spinning molecular-beam chopper, they were size-selectively deposited on dedicated quartz substrates. Finally, the photoluminescence of the silicon nanocrystals and their yield were measured as a function of their size. It was found that the photoluminescence follows very closely the quantum-confinement model. The yield shows a pronounced maximum for sizes between 3 and 4 nm.
Intent-to-treat leukemia remission by CD19 CAR T cells of defined formulation and dose in children and young adults (2017)

Transitioning CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells from early-phase trials in relapsed patients to a viable therapeutic approach with predictable efficacy and low toxicity for broad application among patients with high unmet need is currently complicated by product heterogeneity resulting from transduction of undefined T-cell mixtures, variability of transgene expression, and terminal differentiation of cells at the end of culture. A phase 1 trial of 45 children and young adults with relapsed or refractory B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia was conducted using a CD19 CAR product of defined CD4/CD8 composition, uniform CAR expression, and limited effector differentiation. Products meeting all defined specifications occurred in 93% of enrolled patients. The maximum tolerated dose was 10<sup>6</sup> CAR T cells per kg, and there were no deaths or instances of cerebral edema attributable to product toxicity. The overall intent-to-treat minimal residual disease-negative (MRD<sup>-</sup>) remission rate for this phase 1 study was 89%. The MRD<sup>-</sup> remission rate was 93% in patients who received a CAR T-cell product and 100% in the subset of patients who received fludarabine and cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion. Twenty-three percent of patients developed reversible severe cytokine release syndrome and/or reversible severe neurotoxicity. These data demonstrate that manufacturing a defined-composition CD19 CAR T cell identifies an optimal cell dose with highly potent antitumor activity and a tolerable adverse effect profile in a cohort of patients with an otherwise poor prognosis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02028455.
Comparison of 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI in 471 patients with known or suspected renal lesions: results of a multicenter, single-blind, interindividual, randomized clinical phase III trial (2008)

The purpose of this phase III clinical trial was to compare two different extracellular contrast agents, 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine, for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with known or suspected focal renal lesions. Using a multicenter, single-blind, interindividual, randomized study design, both contrast agents were compared in a total of 471 patients regarding their diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to correctly classify focal lesions of the kidney. To test for noninferiority the diagnostic accuracy rates for both contrast agents were compared with CT results based on a blinded reading. The average diagnostic accuracy across the three blinded readers ('average reader') was 83.7% for gadobutrol and 87.3% for gadopentate dimeglumine. The increase in accuracy from precontrast to combined precontrast and postcontrast MRI was 8.0% for gadobutrol and 6.9% for gadopentate dimeglumine. Sensitivity of the average reader was 85.2% for gadobutrol and 88.7% for gadopentate dimeglumine. Specificity of the average reader was 82.1% for gadobutrol and 86.1% for gadopentate dimeglumine. In conclusion, this study documents evidence for the noninferiority of a single i.v. bolus injection of 1.0 M gadobutrol compared with 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine in the diagnostic assessment of renal lesions with CE-MRI.
Scalable Production of Few-Layer Boron Sheets by Liquid-Phase Exfoliation and Their Superior Supercapacitive Performance (2018)

Although two-dimensional boron (B) has attracted much attention in electronics and optoelectronics due to its unique physical and chemical properties, in-depth investigations and applications have been limited by the current synthesis techniques. Herein, we demonstrate that high-quality few-layer B sheets can be prepared in large quantities by sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation. By simply varying the exfoliating solvent types and centrifugation speeds, the lateral size and thickness of the exfoliated B sheets can be controllably tuned. Additionally, the exfoliated few-layer B sheets exhibit excellent stability and outstanding dispersion in organic solvents without aggregates for more than 50 days under ambient conditions, owing to the presence of a solvent residue shell on the B sheet surface that provides excellent protection against air oxidation. Moreover, we also demonstrate the use of the exfoliated few-layer B sheets for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. This as-prepared device exhibits impressive electrochemical performance with a wide potential window of up to 3.0 V, excellent energy density as high as 46.1 Wh/kg at a power density of 478.5 W/kg, and excellent cycling stability with 88.7% retention of the initial specific capacitance after 6000 cycles. This current work not only demonstrates an effective strategy for the synthesis of the few-layer B sheets in a controlled manner but also makes the resulting materials promising for next-generation optoelectronics and energy storage applications.
First Mixed Fluoro−Chloro Group 4 Organometallics:  Synthesis and Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of [{(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)ZrF<sub>2</sub>Cl}<sub>4</sub>], [{(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)HfF<sub>2</sub>Cl}<sub>4</sub>], [(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Zr<sub>4</sub>(μ-F)<sub>2</sub>(μ-F<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(μ-Cl)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>], [(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Hf<sub>4</sub>(μ-F)<sub>2</sub>(μ-F<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(μ-Cl)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>], [(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>Et)<sub>2</sub>ZrClF], and [(C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HfClF] (1996)

Tetrameric [{(C(5)Me(5))MF(3)}(4)] (M = Zr, Hf) react smoothly with Me(3)SiCl in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature to give [{(C(5)Me(5))ZrF(2)Cl}(4)] (1) and [{(C(5)Me(5))HfF(2)Cl}(4)] (2), respectively, in high yield. Treatment of [{(C(5)Me(5))MF(3)}(4)] (M = Zr, Hf) with Me(2)AlCl in toluene gives mixtures of 1 and [(C(5)Me(5))(4)Zr(4)(&mgr;-F)(2)(&mgr;-F(2))(2)(&mgr;-Cl)(2)Cl(4)] (3), and 2 and [(C(5)Me(5))(4)Hf(4)(&mgr;-F)(2)(&mgr;-F(2))(2)(&mgr;-Cl)(2)Cl(4)] (4), respectively, in an approximately 1:1 molar ratio. Metallocene type complexes [(C(5)Me(4)Et)(2)ZrCl(2)] and [(C(5)Me(5))(2)HfCl(2)] react with 1 equiv of Me(3)SnF to give [(C(5)Me(4)Et)(2)ZrClF] (5) and [(C(5)Me(5))(2)HfClF] (6), respectively. The complexes 1-6 were characterized by spectroscopic methods ((1)H and (19)F NMR and mass spectroscopy). The solid state structures of 1, 3, and 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
Episialin (MUC1) overexpression inhibits integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components. (1995)

Episialin (MUC1) is a transmembrane molecule with a large mucin-like extracellular domain protruding high above the cell surface. The molecule is located at the apical side of most glandular epithelial cells, whereas in carcinoma cells it is often present at the entire surface and it is frequently expressed in abnormally large quantities. We have previously shown that overexpression of episialin reduces cell-cell interactions. Here we show that the integrin-mediated adhesion to extracellular matrix of transfectants of a melanoma cell line (A375), a transformed epithelial cell line (MDCK-ras-e) and a human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100) is reduced by high levels of episialin. This reduction can be reversed by inducing high avidity of the beta 1 integrins by mAb TS2/16 (at least for beta 1-mediated adhesion). The adhesion can also be restored by redistribution of episialin on the cell surface by monoclonal antibodies into patches or caps. Similarly, capping of episialin on ZR-75-1 breast carcinoma cells, growing in suspension, caused adherence and spreading of these cells. We propose that there is a delicate balance between adhesion and anti-adhesion forces in episialin expressing cells, which can be shifted towards adhesion by strengthening the integrin-mediated adhesion, or towards anti-adhesion by increasing the level of expression of episialin.
Clinical Experience with the Unilink/3M Precise Microvascular Anastomotic Device (1993)

The Unilink/3M Precise anastomotic device for microvascular anastomoses has been evaluated in 38 critical anastomoses in 26 selected patients. The microvascular anastomosis was usually completed within three minutes by a single surgeon. There was only one failure, when an arterial anastomosis clotted because of a technical error. In all patients tissue survival was dependent on patent mechanical anastomoses (critical anastomoses) and the follow-up period was more than three years.
Onset of Effect of 5‐HT <sub>1B/1D</sub> Agonists: A Model With Pharmacokinetic Validation (2004)

Onset of effect is related to rate of absorption of sumatriptan. There is greater scope for improving onset of effect using an alternative route of administration than by increasing the oral dose.
Repeated exposure to enhanced UV‐B radiation in successive generations increases developmental instability (leaf fluctuating asymmetry) in a desert annual (1998)

Populations of the desert annual Dimorphotheca sinuata , derived from a common seed stock, were exposed concurrently over four successive generations to either ambient (representing no stratospheric ozone depletion) or elevated (representing 20% stratospheric ozone depletion) UV‐B levels during their complete life cycle. Leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was measured in populations of plants grown from seeds of selected generations which had experienced different UV‐B exposure histories, and from seeds collected from a wild population of this species which grows in a naturally enhanced UV‐B environment. These measured plants had been grown in a greenhouse under essentially UV‐B‐free conditions. Leaf FA was significantly increased by greater numbers of enhanced UV‐B exposures in the parentage of the seed. There was a linear to exponential dose–response relationship between number of UV‐B exposure iterations in seed parentage and leaf FA, suggesting that damage to DNA caused by UV‐B exposure during plant development may not be fully repaired, and thus be inherited by offspring and accumulated over successive generations in this species. Leaf FA of plants grown from seed from the wild population was not significantly greater than that of control plants whose parentage experienced only ambient UV‐B exposures, although this negative result may have been due to low sampling intensity and measurement resolution, and the relatively low UV‐B enhancement experienced by the wild population. We conclude that leaf FA may constitute a relatively sensitive yet inexpensive means of quantifying UV‐B damage to plants.
Major histocompatibility complex class I‐dependent skewing of the natural killer cell Ly49 receptor reportoire (1996)

Subsets of mouse natural killer (NK) cells express receptors encoded by the Ly49 gene family that recognize allelic determinants on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Recognition of self class I molecules typically inhibits NK cell lytic function. The presence of NK cell subsets expressing receptors which are able to discriminate class I alleles raises the possibility that there exist mechanisms to coordinate the NK cell receptor repertoire with the class I molecules of the host. In the present study, we determined the effects of class I gene expression on the frequencies of NK cells expressing three different Ly49 receptors defined by monoclonal antibodies. We show here an MHC-dependent skewing of NK cell subsets expressing multiple Ly49 receptors with specificity for self MHC. The results provide the first evidence that the frequencies of NK cells expressing different Ly49 receptors are determined by the host's MHC molecules. The results also extend previous findings that MHC class I expression influences the cell surface levels of each Ly49 receptor, suggesting an additional mechanism by which MHC molecules may influence the effective specificity of NK cells. Models to account for self tolerance and MHC-controlled repertoire differences are discussed.