gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Self-Injurious Behaviour in an Autistic Child by use of Overcorrection (1985)

Mild punishment, overcorrection and reinforcement of an alternative behaviour were used to reduce and eliminate the incidence of severe self-injurious behaviour in an autistic 12-year-old boy who had sustained major damage to his wrists and fingers. Data were collected over 10 × 30-minute periods per day and showed that banging and touching of a protective cast and later the injured hand itself were reduced to zero in approximately three weeks. The injury had healed and self-injurious behaviour was still extinguished at 10-month follow-up.
Improving Data Compression Ratio by the Use of Optimality of LZW & Adaptive Huffman Algorithm (OLZWH) (2015)

There are several data compression Techniques available which are used for Efficient transmission and storage of the data With less memory space. In this paper, we have Proposed a two stage data compression Algorithm that is OLZWH which uses the Optimality of Lempel-Ziv-Welch (OLZW) and Adaptive Huffman Coding. With this proposed Algorithm, the data Compression ratios are Compared with existing Compression Algorithm for different data sizes.
[Mechanical principle and clinical application of the combined spinal rod-plate and transpedicular screws fixation system]. (1989)

Twenty-one patients with unstable burst fractures of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine were treated with a combined spinal rod-plate and transpedicular screws (CSRP-TPS) fixation system. This system is a new device for disorders of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. In treatment of spinal fractures, it provided three-column axial distraction and stabilized the injured vertebra in a lordotic position-this maximized the reduction and indirectly achieved a neurologic decompression by ligamentotaxis. This "indirect" neurologic decompression was more successful in cases treated early after injury as the spinal canal area (measured by pre- and postoperative CT) increased 35% in cases treated within one week after injury; 25% in cases treated 7-14 days after injury; and there was little improvement in cases treated more than two weeks following injury. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. There were no infections, iatrogenic neurologic deficits or instrumentation failures. The CSRP-TPS system gave more improved results over conventional Harrington and segmental spinal instrumentation systems and only required fixation and fusion of three vertebral levels.
Differences between written and spoken input in learning new words (2005)

We taught adult learners the meanings of rare words to test hypotheses about modality effects in learning word forms. These hypotheses are that (1) written (orthographic) training leads to a better representation of word form than phonological training, that (2) recognition memory for a word is partly dependent upon congruence between training and testing modality (written vs. spoken) but that (3) skilled learners are less dependent on the episodic context of training than are less skilled readers. These hypotheses were confirmed by results of a word recognition test following form-meaning training. We discuss these results in terms of an episodic account of word learning (Reichle & Perfetti, 2003) and variations in lexical quality (Perfetti & Hart, 2001) that can arise through differences in code generation during learning.
Prediction of top-oil temperature for transformers using neural networks (2000)

Artificial neural networks represent a growing new technology as indicated by a wide range of proposed applications. At a substation, when the transformer's windings get too hot, either load has to be reduced as a short-term solution, or another transformer bay has to be installed as a long-term plan. To decide on whether to deploy either of these two strategies, one should be able to predict the transformer temperature accurately. This paper explores the possibility of using artificial neural networks for predicting the top-oil temperature of transformers. Static neural networks, temporal processing networks and recurrent networks are explored for predicting the top-oil temperature of transformers. The results using different networks are compared with the auto regression linear model.
Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988–2004 (2010)

BACKGROUND. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes permanent disabilities in more than 5500 children each year in the United States. The likelihood of congenital infection and disability is highest for infants whose mothers were CMV seronegative before conception and who acquire infection during pregnancy. METHODS. To provide a current, nationally representative estimate of the seroprevalence of CMV in the United States and to investigate trends in CMV infection, serum samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 were tested for CMV-specific immunoglobulin G antibody, and results were compared with those from NHANES III (1988-1994). Individuals aged 6-49 years (21,639 for NHANES III and 15,310 for NHANES 1999-2004) were included. RESULTS. For NHANES 1999-2004, the overall age-adjusted CMV seroprevalence was 50.4%. CMV seroprevalence was higher among non-Hispanic black and Mexican American children compared with non-Hispanic white children and increased more quickly in subsequent age groups. CMV seropositivity was independently associated with older age, female sex, foreign birthplace, low household income, high household crowding, and low household education. Compared with NHANES 1988-1994, the overall age-adjusted CMV seroprevalence for NHANES 1999-2004 was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS. Many women of reproductive age in the United States are still at risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy. There is an urgent need for vaccine development and other interventions to prevent and treat congenital CMV. The substantial disparities in CMV risk among seronegative women suggest that prevention strategies should include an emphasis on reaching racial or ethnic minorities and women of low socioeconomic status.
Digital Array Radar panel development (2010)

The Army Digital Array Radar (DAR) project's goal is to demonstrate how wide-bandgap semiconductor technology, highly-integrated transceivers, and the ever-increasing capabilities of commercial digital components can be leveraged to provide new capabilities and enhanced performance in future low-cost phased array systems. A 16-element, S-band subarray has been developed with panel-integrated, plastic-packaged gallium-nitride (GaN) amplifiers, multi-channel transceiver ICs, and digitization at the element level. In addition to full digital beamforming on transmit and receive, the DAR subarray has demonstrated efficient RF power generation exceeding 25 Watts per element, in-situ, element-level calibration monitoring and self-correction capabilities, simultaneous transmit and receive operation through subarray partitioning for an indoor target tracker, and more. An overview is given of these results and capabilities.
Design and implementation of Smart Card COS (2010)

This paper designs and implements a Smart Card Operation System COS which accords with national and industry standards, possesses high security and good compatibility. Firstly, the hardware structure of Smart Card is introduced, then the architecture and work principle of Smart Card COS are explained, and the design and implementation of Smart Card COS is discussed from four function modules such as transmission management, command interpreter, security control and file management. Finally, an application instance - SIM card is given to show the application on Smart Card.
High expression of <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>α‐amylase with a <i>Bacillus</i> secretion vector (1986)

A gene coding for the heat-stable alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC14580 has been expressed with the aid of a B. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase-based expression/secretion vector by joining the structural part of the gene to a pool of vectors after the B. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase promoter and signal sequence. The recombinant plasmids obtained were stably maintained in B. subtilis and the heat-stable alpha-amylase activity rose several hundred times from the level of the donor. Eight different constructions were further analyzed. Each of them had an intact B. amyloliquefaciens signal sequence, the only difference being in a few nucleotides beyond the C terminus of the signal peptide. This, however, was enough to cause up to fourfold differences in protein yield. Possible reasons for the variation in the production level are discussed.
Role of T cell help and endoplasmic reticulum targeting in protective CTL response against influenza virus (2003)

We report on the induction of primary and long-term memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against the nucleoprotein of the influenza virus A/PR8/34 in mice immunized with plasmid DNA targeted to B lymphocytes in the spleen. We found that the magnitude of the CTL response and the size of the pool of memory CTL was greater when the CTL response was induced in presence of T cell help. Interestingly, immunization with a signal sequence-competent transgene was markedly superior to immunization with a transgene lacking the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting sequence, in inducing CTL. We also found a correlation between in vivo protection from lethal virus challenge and (1) the availability of T cell help and (2) ER targeting. Immunization of dendritic cell-deficient mice suggests that B lymphocytes function as antigen-presenting cells in this model of immunization. Collectively, the results suggest that somatic transgene immunization is a conceptually new approach to induce effective anti-viral CTL responses and to assess the parameters critical for long-lasting and protective CTL responses in vivo.
Electrostatic wafer handling for thin wafer processing (2009)

Mobile electrostatic carriers, so called e-carriers, offer a new and promising technical solution for simple and reversible attachment of thin wafers onto support substrates. The paper reports on latest developments in manufacture of e-carriers based on silicon wafers with through substrate vias and backside contact pads. Thermal and electrical characterizations of e-carries have proven very low leakage currents at temperatures up to 300degC. These new types of e-carriers enable long term electrostatic holding capabilities. It is also shown that electrical properties of transistor devices are not changed when CMOS wafers are attached onto e-carriers, neither in face up nor face down attachment configuration. Furthermore, the paper proposes a technical concept how electrostatic support technique can be used for thin wafer processing in wet-chemical environments. E-carriers can also be applied for reversibly bonding of single chip devices onto a carrier substrate. The paper explains how this feature can be used in chip to wafer stacking for 3d integrated systems.
Computation of the current density in nonlinear materials subjected to large current pulses (1991)

The finite element method and the finite difference method are used to calculate the current distribution in two nonlinear conductors. The first conductor is a small ferromagnetic wire subjected to a current pulse that rises to 10000 A in 10 mu s. Results from the transient thermal and transient magnetic solvers of the finite element code FLUX2D are used to compute the current density in the wire. The second conductor is a metal oxide varistor. Maxwell's equations, Ohm's law, and the varistor relation for the resistivity and the current density of rho = alpha j/sup - beta / are used to derive a nonlinear differential equation. The solutions of the differential equation are obtained by a finite difference approximation and a shooting method. The behavior predicted by these calculations is in agreement with experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selling Southern Places: An Examination of Delta’s Sky Magazine City Profiles. (2019)

Delta’s Sky magazine claims to be an influential outlet for entities trying to promote places to investors and tourists. Claiming nearly 6 million readers monthly, the magazine’s profiles of cities, states and regions have the potential to reach the niche audiences that shape the spatial practices of firms and influence individual decisions on tourism expenditures. This paper explores how Sky promotes places in the text of these profiles through the dual use of digital humanities tools and close reading-based interpretation to ad- dress the following questions. First, we ask how is the South represented in the Sky profiles? Second, what themes are present in the profile texts, given that all places seek to address both unique elements while addressing common themes of importance to business? We find that place pro- motion practitioners use very similar themes that have been identified in the literature since the 1980s, primarily accessibility. Efforts to attract the creative class are also present in the Sky profiles. The South poses unique challenges to place marketers, and our findings show a convergence in how profiles tackle the concept of southern culture and identity as it is leveraged in many of the profiles. RESUMEN: La revista Sky de Delta Airlines afirma ser una fuente importante para las entidades que intentan promover varios lugares para la inversión económica y también para el turismo. Con más de seis millones de lectores mensuales, los perfiles Sky de las ciudades, los estados y las regiones tienen el potencial de llegar a audiencias específicas que dan forma a las prácticas espaciales de empresas e influyen las decisiones personales sobre los gastos en el turismo. Este artículo explora cómo el texto de Sky promueve varios lugares tras el uso dual de herramientas de humanidades digitales y una interpretación cercana basada en la lectura para abordar las siguientes preguntas. Primero preguntamos ¿cómo se representa el sur estadounidense en los perfiles Sky? Segundo, ¿cuáles son los patrones en el texto de los perfiles, dado que todo lugar trata de presentarse como único pero también importante para el negocio? Encontramos que profesionales de la promoción usan temas similares que se han identificado en la literatura desde los años 1980—sobre todo la accesibilidad. Los esfuerzos para atraer la clase creativa también se presentan en los perfiles Sky. El sur estadounidense plantea desafíos únicos para el marketing. Nuestros halazgos muestran una convergencia en la forma en que muchos de los perfiles abordan el concepto de cultura e identidad del sur estadounidense. From Southeastern Geographer, Volume 59 and Pages 248-267. Copyright © (2019) by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. https://www.uncpress.org
New blood for MPO KZN (2010)

The central committee of MPO KwaZulu-Natal has a new chairperson. Tom Turner will fill the top position in the place of Mike Black who is not eligible for re-election. Black will remain as the third MPO director of the province, while Horst Hellberg was elected vice-chairperson.
Robust Explanations for Visual Question Answering (2020)

In this paper, we propose a method to obtain robust explanations for visual question answering(VQA) that correlate well with the answers. Our model explains the answers obtained through a VQA model by providing visual and textual explanations. The main challenges that we address are i) Answers and textual explanations obtained by current methods are not well correlated and ii) Current methods for visual explanation do not focus on the right location for explaining the answer. We address both these challenges by using a collaborative correlated module which ensures that even if we do not train for noise based attacks, the enhanced correlation ensures that the right explanation and answer can be generated. We further show that this also aids in improving the generated visual and textual explanations. The use of the correlated module can be thought of as a robust method to verify if the answer and explanations are coherent. We evaluate this model using VQA-X dataset. We observe that the proposed method yields better textual and visual justification that supports the decision. We showcase the robustness of the model against a noise-based perturbation attack using corresponding visual and textual explanations. A detailed empirical analysis is shown.
Improving GPU Memory Performancewith Artificial Barrier Synchronization (2013)

Barrier synchronization, an essential mechanism for a block of threads to guard data consistency, is regarded as a threat to performance. This study, however, provides a different viewpoint for barrier synchronization on GPUs: adding barrier synchronization, even when functionally unnecessary, can improve the performance of some memory-intensive applications. We explain this phenomenon using a memory contention model in which artificial barrier synchronization helps reduce memory contention and preserve data access locality. To yield practical applications, we identify a program pattern: artificial barrier synchronization can be used to synchronize the memory accesses when the data locality among threads is violated. Empirical results from three real-world applications demonstrate that artificial barrier synchronization can increase performance by 10 to 20 percent.
Construction PPPs : a new approach to international construction price comparisons (2010)

International construction price comparisons are notoriously problematic, not least because we do not know the right answer. The challenge is to identify an approach that provides an appropriate combination of reliable results, simplicity and reasonable cost in implementation. A Basket of construction Components (BOCC) approach was used in the 2005-06 pricing round but practical problems were encountered when the method was used in the field; in addition, the data obtained could not be readily aligned with standard national accounts frameworks. This present study is intended to develop a new approach. Initial thoughts and intentions were set out in the consultants terms of reference in August 2009 and a Concept note in September 2009 (the latter is attached as appendix A). The overall purpose of the proposed work is to develop and test a new approach to collecting data for international construction price comparisons as a contribution to the Banks work on purchasing power parities. It will include testing the feasibility of using ISIC industry categories as a framework for input prices in order to provide linkages to national accounts. A useful by-product may be to establish a consistent international approach to temporal construction price indices or deflators.
Interactions between the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems: Common Hormones and Receptors (1987)

The studies reviewed here support a molecular basis for bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. The main findings can be summarized as follows: First, cells of the immune system can synthesize biologically active neuroendocrine peptide hormones. Second, immune cells also possess receptors for many of these peptides. Third, these same neuroendocrine hormones can influence immune function; and fourth, lymphokines can influence neuroendocrine tissues. Although recent studies have begun to unravel the biochemistry of bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, there are still missing parts in this puzzle. Among the important questions that must be resolved are the identification of factors that trigger the synthesis of neuroendocrine hormones by immune cells. Are these events operating similar to or in balance with pituitary cells? Drugs that interfere with either pathway may be useful. Second, it will be of value to understand the factors controlling neuroendocrine hormone receptor expression on immune cells. A better understanding of the spectrum of positive and negative regulatory events for both systems may determine the ultimate behavior of immune and neuroendocrine cells. In addition, since leukocytes can produce hormones and also have receptors for the same hormones (e.g., ACTH and GH), it is possible that these immunocytes may also influence their own function in an autocrine-like fashion. We have postulated that the immune system can serve as a sensory organ for external stimuli that cannot be detected by the nervous system (Blalock 1984). Thus, the immune system recognizes stimuli such as bacteria, viruses or tumors, whereas the nervous system detects classical sensory stimuli. The contribution of extrapituitary sites of hormone production and function may provide new clues to define psychological and/or pathological states in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases and tumors.
The Back of the Napkin: Solving Problems and Selling Ideas with Pictures (2008)

Roam's "The Back of the Napkin," a "Business Week" bestseller, teaches readers the power of brainstorming and communicating with pictures. This expanded edition presents more exciting ways for solving all kinds of business problems.
Rubralactone, Rubralides A, B and C, and Rubramin Produced by<i>Penicillium rubrum</i> (2007)

Rubralactone (1), rubralides A, B and C (2-4), rubramin (5), and 2-formyl-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid (6), were isolated from Penicillium rubrum, and their structures established by spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR. The effects on plant growth of 1-6 were examined using the lettuce seedling bioassay. Compound 1 promoted root growth. Compounds 2, 3 and 5 inhibited the growth of lettuce seedlings, but 4 and 6 did not have any inhibitory effect on their growth.
The Effects on Survival of Early Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1992)

The results of this study support the hypothesis that in HIV-1 infection, early treatment with zidovudine and PCP prophylaxis improves survival in addition to slowing the progression to AIDS.
Flexible Algorithms for Creating and Analyzing Adaptive Sampling Procedures (1998)

We describe a collection of algorithms and techniques that have been developed to aid in the design and analysis of adaptive allocation procedures.The emphasis is on providing flexibility to the investigator, so that appropriate statistical and practical concerns can be addressed directly.The techniques described allow for optimizations previously not attainable.They also permit exact evaluations for a wide range of criteria and are intended to encourage investigators to explore more alternatives.Optimizations investigated include 2-and 3-population fully sequential models, few-stage models, and models with constrained switching between options.One of our algorithmic approaches, path induction, speeds up the process of evaluating a procedure multiple times so that thorough robustness studies can be undertaken.Our approaches can be utilized with both Bayesian and frequent is t analyses. Introduction.In situations where data are collected over time, adaptive sampling methods often lead to more efficient results than do fixed sampling techniques.When sampling or "allocating" adaptively, sampling decisions are based on accruing data.In contrast, when using fixed sampling procedures, the sample sizes taken from different populations are specified in advance and are not subject to change.Using adaptive techniques can reduce costs, time and improve the precision of the results for a given sample size.Fully sequential adaptive procedures, in which one adjusts after each observation, are the most powerful.Such procedures are rarely used, however, due to difficulties related to generating and implementing good procedures as well as to complications associated with analyzing the resulting data.