gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Protrusions on Leakage of StraightThrough Labyrinth Seal (2015)

To improve the performance of labyrinth seal,a straight-through labyrinth seal with protrusions on the smooth bush has been numerically investigated. The effects of pressure ratio,protrusions size and the space between teeth and protrusions are studied. Compared with smooth bush straight-through labyrinth seal,protrusions destroy the wall jet boundary layer continuity and change the direction of the jet flow,which improve the seal performance and decrease the mass flow effectively. The study reveals that when the pressure ratio is 2,the leakage coefficient of labyrinth seal with protrusions can decrease by 13% in comparison with smooth bush labyrinth seal,and when the pressure ratio is 4,the leakage coefficient is reduced by 18%. The narrower width and the higher height the protrusions can have,the better seal performance the labyrinth seal can get. Additionally, with a decrease of the axial distance between protrusion and the next tooth, the protrusion can greatly change the direction of the jet which flows into the next tooth,and thus improve the seal performance evidently.
The jury is in: p73 is a tumor suppressor after all: Figure 1. (2008)

While p53 has been extensively characterized as a tumor suppressor, it has been more difficult to determine whether p63 and/or p73 play a similar role. Every system in which these family members have been studied, from cells to animal models to human tissues, seems to create more questions than answers. Tomasini and colleagues (2677-2691) demonstrate that one isoform of p73 is responsible for preventing tumor formation in vivo, providing critical validation of an isoform-based model of p73 function.
Changing trends in mastitis (2009)

The global dairy industry, the predominant pathogens causing mastitis, our understanding of mastitis pathogens and the host response to intramammary infection are changing rapidly. This paper aims to discuss changes in each of these aspects. Globalisation, energy demands, human population growth and climate change all affect the dairy industry. In many western countries, control programs for contagious mastitis have been in place for decades, resulting in a decrease in occurrence of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus mastitis and an increase in the relative impact of Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli mastitis. In some countries, Klebsiella spp. or Streptococcus dysgalactiae are appearing as important causes of mastitis. Differences between countries in legislation, veterinary and laboratory services and farmers' management practices affect the distribution and impact of mastitis pathogens. For pathogens that have traditionally been categorised as contagious, strain adaptation to human and bovine hosts has been recognised. For pathogens that are often categorised as environmental, strains causing transient and chronic infections are distinguished. The genetic basis underlying host adaptation and mechanisms of infection is being unravelled. Genomic information on pathogens and their hosts and improved knowledge of the host's innate and acquired immune responses to intramammary infections provide opportunities to expand our understanding of bovine mastitis. These developments will undoubtedly contribute to novel approaches to mastitis diagnostics and control.
Identification of the Main Constituents in Sandarac Resin, a Natural Gum Base (2006)

Sandarac resin, a natural gum base, is described as "a substance composed mainly of sandaracopimaric acid obtained from the secretion of sandarac trees" in the List of Existing Food Additives in Japan. To evaluate its quality as a food additive, the main constituents in a sandarac resin product were investigated. Three constituents were isolated and identified as sandaracopimaric acid, sandaracopimarinol and 4-epidehydroabietic acid by MS and 2D-NMR. Quantification of the main constituent, sandaracopimaric acid, was performed by HPLC and its content in the product was determined to be 11.6%.
The dissociation of cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and function in the early stages of developing cerebral infarction (1980)

Temporal and site correlation of local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF), tissue redox state, energy metabolism, tissue pH, and cerebral electrophysiological activity in induced cerebral ischemia was performed in rats in an effort to obtain helpful clues for the management of occlusive cerebrovascular disease. CBF decreased acutely in both the embolized and nonembolized hemispheres but returned toward normal in 5 minutes. However, total cerebral oxidative metabolism remained depressed throughout the 30-minute observation period despite improved perfusion. The change in CBF correlated with the development and resolution of tissue acidosis, which was maximal 3 minutes after embolization but became alkaline after 30 minutes, possibly due to accumulation of sodium lactate. Oxidized form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and cytochrome a,a3 quickly became reduced in the ischemic core, but a tardyspontaneous postischemic tissue perfusion resulted in their hyperoxidation. The CBF-metabolism uncoupling as well as postischemic hyperoxidation of the electron transport system, which is associated with accumulation of pyruvate and lactate, probably resulted from stagnation of electron flow at the entrance to the mitochondrial respiratory processes. Seizures could not account for these results, as paroxysmal changes in the EEG usually appeared only in the nonembolized hemisphere and were not dependent upon lack of energy. These studies confirm that metabolic failure may persist in ischemic tissue despite adequate reperfusion, which may, in fact, contribute to tissue damage through hyperoxidation.
Comparison of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Uptake and Marker Integration in Bacilli and Protoplasts of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1972)

trp(+)his(-) donor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was added to highly competent trp(-)his(+) recipient bacilli and to protoplasts prepared from these bacilli, and the cell-DNA complexes were incubated for 30 min. The complexes were then washed and lysed, and their DNA was analyzed on a trp(-)his(-) strain for the donor marker trp(+), the resident marker his(+), and for the recombinant trp(+)his(+) combination. The extracts of the bacillary complexes contained a normal percentage of donor markers (0.1-0.2%), and the number of trp(+)his(+) doubles (20% of all trp(+) transformants) indicated that the donor DNA had become integrated into the resident genomes. The protoplast complexes contained 10 to 1,000 times fewer donor markers and almost no recombinants. This indicated that, in protoplasts, marker uptake was minimal and recombination was absent. Uptake was also measured with (3)H-labeled DNA. On the average, protoplasts took up one-fiftieth as much DNA as bacilli. It was concluded that, probably, protoplasts took up no DNA at all, that there were no DNA affinity sites on the surface of the protoplasts, and that the residual marker and radioactivity uptake was due to imperfections in the experimental system. The data and conclusions differed sharply from earlier ones of Hirokawa and Ikeda despite the fact that the techniques of these authors were followed in repeat experiments.
Frequency multiplexing for readout of spin qubits (2014)

We demonstrate a low loss, chip-level frequency multiplexing scheme for readout of scaled-up spin qubit devices. By integrating separate bias tees and resonator circuits on-chip for each readout channel, we realise dispersive gate-sensing in combination with charge detection based on two radio frequency quantum point contacts. We apply this approach to perform multiplexed readout of a double quantum dot in the few-electron regime and further demonstrate operation of a 10-channel multiplexing device. Limitations for scaling spin qubit readout to large numbers of multiplexed channels are discussed.
Solid tumor treatment workshop summary. (1994)

Retinoic acids exert a wide range of biological activities following binding to the cognate nuclear receptors, which has several members (RAR-alpha, beta, gamma and RXR-alpha, beta, gamma). Retinoic acids lead to several different effects on tumor cells and include cell differentiation, inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression and abundance of each receptor type, and the distinct role of each receptor type related to biologic effect is under investigation. Similarly the mechanism(s) responsible for favorable responses in certain tumor types (skin, cervical) needs to be understood to best utilize this family of compounds, either alone or in various combinations. The significancer of drug-drug interaction in regard to their effects on pharmacokinetics, receptor modulation and regulation of cytoplasmic retinoic acid receptor binding proteins (CRABPs) should be carefully evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Furthermore, appropriate models to study combinations of RAs with other biological response modifiers are needed.
Effects of Sterilization on Implant Mechanical Property and Biocompatibility (2005)

This article concisely reviews the effects of sterilization on the mechanical properties and surface chemistries of implantable biomaterials. This article also summarizes the biological effects of the sterilization-related changes in the implant. Because there are so many different types of implant materials currently in use (including metals, polymers, and diverse biological materials), the response of tissue to these different materials varies dramatically. This review further discusses the effects of sterilization on in vivo and in vitro tissue response specifically to implantable metals and polyethylene, with the possibility of future biocompatibility testing of the implants sterilized with supercritical phase carbon dioxide sterilization.
Independent Gate Skewed Logic in Double-Gate SOI Technology (2006)

Independent gate control of double gate SOI devices (D. Fried, 2003 and L. Mathew, 2004) can be effectively exploited to improve performance and reduce power in sub-50nm circuits. In this paper, we have proposed a skewed logic style using independent gate operation of double gate SOI devices.
Consultants in mental handicap. (1972)

In conclusion I would hate to think that any of my hard-pressed hospital colleagues were irritated by this suggestion, as it would leave them free to do what they are really best at doing-highly skilled and technical modern medicine for the seriously sick.-Iam, etc.,
<i>Igβ(CD79b)</i> mRNA expression in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells correlates with immunoglobulin heavy chain gene mutational status but does not serve as an independent predictor of clinical severity (2007)

The etiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is poorly understood and its course is highly variable. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgV(H)) gene and ZAP70 protein expression have been reported as prognostic indicators. However, these assays are not widely available and their concordance is imperfect. Thus a need exists to identify additional molecular determinants of CLL. The Igbeta (CD79b) subunit of the B cell antigen receptor is essential for B lymphocyte function. Defects in Igbeta expression are implicated in CLL pathogenesis. We have analyzed Igbeta mRNA expression in CLL cells in 40 consecutive patient samples. About 75% of the samples showed the expected decrease of Igbeta surface staining. Igbeta mRNA levels covered a wider range, did not correlate with Igbeta surface staining, but clearly distinguished the normal and CLL lymphocyte populations. Remarkably, Igbeta mRNA levels correlated strongly with SHM; Igbeta mRNA levels in CLL cells were significantly higher in patients with an unmutated IgV(H) gene when compared with those in whom IgV(H) was hypermutated (P = 0.008). In contrast, no correlation was observed between Igbeta mRNA levels and ZAP70 expression. Multiple parameters abstracted from chart reviews were used to estimate severity of CLL in each case. While severity correlated strongly with ZAP70 staining, and to a lesser extent with SHM status, there was no correlation with Igbeta mRNA levels. These data establish a strong linkage between Igbeta mRNA expression and SHM in CLL and highlight the complex relationships between biochemical parameters and clinical status in this disease.
On the use of genetic algorithms in database client clustering (2003)

In conventional two-tier client-server databases, clients access and modify shared data resident in a common server. As the number of clients increases, the centralized database server can become a performance bottleneck. In order to overcome this scalability problem, a three-tier client-server configuration has been proposed that features the partitioning of clients into logical clusters. Here, the objective is to maximize the data sharing among the clients in each cluster. We propose a genetic algorithm to create such client clusters and evaluate two different techniques for generating the initial solution populations. We compare the performance of the two-tier and three-tier configurations with respect to the transaction turnaround times and object response times. Our experimental results indicate that the clustered architecture can offer improved performance over its two-tier counterpart.
The n‐line traveling salesman problem (1992)

Abstract The special case of the Euclidean traveling salesman problem, where the n given points lie on a small number (N) of parallel lines in the plane, is solved by a dynamic programming approach in time n N , for fixed N , i.e., in polynomial time. This extends a result of Cutler (1980) for three lines. Such problems arise, for example, in the fabrication of printed circuit boards, where the distance traveled by a laser that drills holes in certain places of the board should be minimized. The parallelity condition can be relaxed to point sets that lie on N “almost parallel” line segments. We give a characterization of the allowed segment configurations by a set of forbidden subconfigurations.
Determination of Degree of Substitution of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Degree of Substitution of Sodium CarboxymethylcelluloseR. W. Eyler, E. D. Klug, and Floyd. DiephuisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 1, 24–27Publication Date (Print):January 21, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 21 January 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60001a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60001a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3087Altmetric-Citations193LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High temperature operation of α-silicon carbide buried-gate junction field-effect transistors (1991)

The high temperature operation of α-SiC buried-gate junction field-effect transistors is reported. Devices fabricated with a 4 μm gate length have a maximum transconductance of 17mS/mm and a maximum drain saturation current of 450mA/mm at room temperature. The devices are completely pinched off at a gate voltage of −40 V. Devices with a gate length of 39 μm have a transconductance of 5.4mS/mm at room temperature which decreases to 1.7mS/mm at 400°C. This decrease in transconductance is due to the reduction of mobility with increasing temperature. The values of transconductances at room temperature and at elevated temperatures are the highest reported for α-SiC JFETs.
Hydride vapor phase epitaxial growth of thick GaN layers with improved surface flatness (2005)

Thick GaN layers have been grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on different GaN templates grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Crack formation could be reduced by using a hydrogen/nitrogen carrier gas mixture. We found strongly different HVPE layer quality when templates grown by different groups have been used, although these templates showed very much the same basic properties. Over 100 µm thick crack-free HVPE layers with extremely flat surface could be grown on optimized templates. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Waterborne UV/EB curing systems (1997)

Posits that, because of environmental awareness and concern for our surroundings, we should be using more friendly technologies such as radiation curing and waterborne systems instead of solvent‐based formulas. The market is getting bigger for these “friendly” systems and discusses here the pros and cons of this. Concludes that a broad range of new applications is available and reduced environmental pollution, safer maintenance and higher product performance are the desired norms.
Double-blind, controlled trial of inositol treatment of depression (1995)

This may be the first use of the precursor strategy for a second messenger rather than a neurotransmitter in treating depression. Although inositol had a significant antidepressant effect in this study, replication is crucial.
Fluorescence quenching immunoassay performed in an ionic liquid (2006)

We describe the first example of immunoanalysis performed within an ionic liquid with minimal deleterious effect; our results bode well for the development of second-generation biosensors, particularly in applications involving poorly water soluble analytes including pesticides, phospholipids, and illicit drugs.
Diffusion chamber culture of human peripheral mononuclear cells in mice. (1977)

Using a sample path argument it is shown that the throughput of a closed queueing network with general service times is non decreasing in the number of jobs.
Cortical Injury Increases Cholesterol 24S Hydroxylase (Cyp46) Levels in the Rat Brain (2008)

In traumatic brain injury (TBI), cellular loss from initial impact as well as secondary neurodegeneration leads to increased cholesterol and lipid debris at the site of injury. Cholesterol accumulation in the periphery can trigger inflammatory mechanisms while cholesterol clearance may be anti-inflammatory. Here we investigated whether TBI altered the regulation of cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (Cyp46), an enzyme that converts cholesterol to the more hydrophilic 24S-hydroxycholesterol. We examined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry changes in Cyp46 expression following fluid percussion injury. Under normal conditions, most Cyp46 was present in neurons, with very little measurable in glia. Cyp46 levels were significantly increased at 7 days post-injury, and cell type specific analysis at 3 days post-injury showed a significant increase in levels of Cyp46 (84%) in microglia. Since 24-hydroxycholesterol induces activation of genes through the liver X receptor (LXR), we examined protein levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and apolipoprotein E, two LXR regulated cholesterol homeostasis proteins. Apolipoprotein E and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 were increased at 7 days post-injury, indicating that increased LXR activity coincided with increased Cyp46 levels. We found that activation of primary rat microglia by LPS in vitro caused increased Cyp46 levels. These data suggest that increased microglial Cyp46 activity is part of a system for removal of damaged cell membranes post-injury, by conversion of cholesterol to 24-hydroxycholesterol and by activation of LXR-regulated gene transcription.
A Vaccine and Monoclonal Antibodies That Enhance Mouse Resistance to<i>Candida albicans</i>Vaginal Infection (1998)

We previously reported that a vaccine composed of liposome-mannan complexes of Candida albicans (L-mann) stimulates mice to produce protective antibodies against disseminated candidiasis. An immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibody (MAb), B6.1, specific for a beta-1,2-mannotriose in the complexes protects against the disease, whereas MAb B6 does not. In the present study, the vaccine and MAbs B6.1 and B6 were tested for the ability to protect against Candida vaginal infection, established by intravaginal (i.vg.) inoculation of yeast cells in mice maintained in pseudoestrus. Fungal CFU in each vagina was determined to assess the severity of infection. Mice vaccinated before infection developed about 62% fewer vaginal CFU than nonimmunized controls. Naive mice that received polyclonal antiserum (from vaccinated mice) i.vg. before infection had 60% fewer CFU than controls. The serum protective factor was stable at 56 degreesC, but C. albicans cells absorbed this factor. Mice given MAb B6.1 i.vg. after infection was established had fewer Candida CFU in vaginal tissue than control mice given buffer instead of antibody. MAbs B6.1 and B6 given intraperitoneally before infection protected mice, but MAbs preabsorbed with yeast cells did not. MAb B6.1 also protected against C. tropicalis vaginal infection, but MAb B6 did not. The protective activities of MAbs B6.1 and B6 appeared to be specific because an irrelevant IgM carbohydrate-specific MAb and an irrelevant IgG protein-specific MAb were not protective; also, MAb B6.1 did not affect development of vaginal chlamydial infection. These studies show that an appropriate antibody response, or administration of protective antibodies, can help the host to resist Candida vaginal infection.
Protease Inhibition Mechanism of Camelid-like Synthetic Human Antibodies (2020)

Macromolecular protease inhibitors and camelid single-domain antibodies achieve their enzymic inhibition functions often through protruded structures that directly interact with catalytic centers of targeted proteases. Inspired by this phenomenon, we constructed synthetic human antibody libraries encoding long CDR-H3s, from which highly selective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that inhibit multiple proteases were discovered. To elucidate their molecular mechanisms, we performed in-depth biochemical characterizations on a panel of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 inhibitory mAbs. Assays included affinity and potency measurements, enzymatic kinetics, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, proteolytic stability, and epitope mapping followed by quantitative analysis of binding energy changes. The results collectively indicated that these mAbs of convex paratopes were competitive inhibitors recognizing the vicinity of the active cleft, with their significant epitopes scattered across the north and south rims of the cleft. Remarkably, identified epitopes were the surface loops that were highly diverse among MMPs and predominately located at the prime side of the proteolytic site, shedding light on the mechanisms of target selectivity and proteolytic resistance. Substrate sequence profiling and paratope mutagenesis further suggested that mAb 3A2 bound to the active-site cleft in a canonical (substrate-like) manner, by direct interactions between <sub>100h</sub>NLVATP<sub>100m</sub> of its CDR-H3 and subsites S1-S5' of MMP-14. Overall, synthetic mAbs carrying convex paratopes can achieve efficient inhibition and thus hold great therapeutic promise for effectively and safely targeting biomedically important proteases.