gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Potential transportation and stationary applications (1993)

The application of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) as a primary power source in electric vehicles has received increasing attention during the last few years. This increased attention is the result of a combination of significant technical advances in this fuel cell technology and the initiation of some projects for the demonstration of a complete, PEFC-based power system a bus or in a passenger car. Such demonstration projects reflect an increase in industry's faith in the potential of this technology for transportation applications, or, at least, in the need for a detailed evaluation of this potential. Nevertheless, large scale transportation applications of PEFCs require a continued concerted effort of research on catalysis, materials and components, combined with the engineering efforts addressing the complete power system. This is required to achieve a cost effective, highly performing PEFC stack and power system. A related set of technical and cost challenges arises in the context of potential applications of PEFCs for stationary power applications, although there are clearly some differences in their nature, particularly, to do with the different types of fuels to be employed for each of these applications. We describe in this contribution some recent results of work performed by the Core Research PEFC Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory, which has addressed materials, components and single cell testing of PEFCS. Also included are some recent observations and some insights regarding the potential of this fuel cell technology for stationary Power generation.
Process Control of Slurry Density: Impact on Field Performance of Slurry Density (1991)

ABSTRACT Before a cement job, cement system compositions are carefully designed in the laboratory at a given anticipated slurry density; however, during the job, significant density errors or fluctuations can occur, and the properties of the resulting cement system may differ dramatically from those observed in the laboratory. For this reason, the accuracy and precision of cement mixing in the field have been topics of concern for many years. In this paper, the design and operation of a newly developed computerized vortex cement mixing system, which provides excellent density control, is described. In addition, case histories are presented which demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the mixing system, and the successful transfer of laboratory cement system performance to the wellsite.
A semantics-based clinical pathway workflow and variance management framework (2008)

A clinical pathway defines the optimal multidisciplinary care process performed by a team of health care professionals for a particular diagnosis or procedure. Its computerized implementation in the web-based knowledge intensive environment is very important for the delivery of healthcare services with higher quality and efficiency. This paper proposes a framework for semantics-based clinical pathway and variance management to enable such implementation. A clinical pathway ontology (CPO) and relevant domain ontology are developed to serve as a common semantic foundation for the framework. In addition, a hierarchical approach and a temporal rule approach based on Semantic Web rule language (SWRL) are combined to semantically model the knowledge of clinical pathways including clinical outcomes, workflows and temporal relationships for clinical pathway workflow management. Moreover, the generalized fuzzy event-condition-action (GFECA) rule and typed fuzzy Petri net extended by process knowledge (TFPN-PK) models are presented to provide support for the fuzzy analysis and handling decision of different types of variances that occur during patient care processes following clinical pathways.
In Vitro Synthesis, Phosphorylation, and Localization on 48 S Initiation Complexes of Human Protein Synthesis Initiation Factor 4E (1989)

Complementary DNA for human eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) was transcribed in vitro and the transcripts used to direct protein synthesis in a cell-free reticulocyte translation system. The predominant translation product was 25 kDa, was bound to a m7GTP-Sepharose affinity column, and was specifically eluted with m7GTP. Both phosphorylated (P) and unphosphorylated (U) forms of eIF-4E were synthesized, and the P/U ratio increased as a function of incubation time in the reticulocyte lysate system. Both forms were quantitatively retained on m7GTP-Sepharose. When translation reactions were resolved on sucrose density gradients, the 35S-labeled eIF-4E sedimented predominantly at 3-4 S. However, in the presence of edeine or guanylyl imidodiphosphate, both of which cause accumulation of 48 S initiation complexes, eIF-4E was detected in the 48 S region. In the presence of sparsomycin, used to accumulate 80 S initiation complexes, no eIF-4E was observed in the 80 S region. No change in the eIF-4E distribution was caused by m7GTP. These results are consistent with a model whereby eIF-4E is transferred to the 43 S initiation complex together with mRNA and is released from the initiation complex when the 60 S ribosomal subunit joins.
The relationship between xylem conduit diameter and cavitation caused by freezing (1999)

The centrifuge method for measuring the resistance of xylem to cavitation by water stress was modified to also account for any additional cavitation that might occur from a freeze-thaw cycle. A strong correlation was found between cavitation by freezing and mean conduit diameter. On the one extreme, a tracheid-bearing conifer and diffuse-porous angiosperms with small-diameter vessels (mean diameter <30 μm) showed no freezing-induced cavitation under modest water stress (xylem pressure = -0.5 MPa), whereas species with larger diameter vessels (mean >40 μm) were nearly completely cavitated under the same conditions. Species with intermediate mean diameters (30-40 μm) showed partial cavitation by freezing. These results are consistent with a critical diameter of 44 μm at or above which cavitation would occur by a freeze-thaw cycle at -0.5 MPa. As expected, vulnerability to cavitation by freezing was correlated with the hydraulic conductivity per stem transverse area. The results confirm and extend previous reports that small-diameter conduits are relatively resistant to cavitation by freezing. It appears that the centrifuge method, modified to include freeze-thaw cycles, may be useful in separating the interactive effects of xylem pressure and freezing on cavitation.
Cryogenic machining of Kevlar composites (1991)

ABSTRACT Previous attempts to machine Kevlar aramid fibre reinforced plastics (KFRP) with conventional cutting tools have proven to be extremely difficult. This has somewhat restricted the material's usage, often negating the advantages of its high strength to weight ratio and fatigue tolerance. The present paper describes a novel technique of machining KFRP under cryogenic conditions with remarkable results compared to those obtained at ambient temperatures. The investigation carried out with turning operation shows dramatic improvement of the tool performance and surface quality. The effects of various machining parameters such as workpiece temperature, cutting speed and tool geometry on the machinability of KFRP are presented and analyzed. It appears that care is necessary to judge the tool life as the typical tool wear growth and surface finish or cutting force may produce contradictory results. It is also suggested that, for KFRP, surface finish of the machined workpiece is a very good criterion to d...
Metathesis of Nitrogen Atoms within Triple Bonds Involving Carbon, Tungsten, and Molybdenum (2008)

(ButO)3Mo triple bond N and W2(OBut)6(M triple bond M) react in hydrocarbons to form Mo2(OBut)6(M triple bond M) and (ButO)3W triple bond N via the reactive intermediate MoW(OBut)6(M triple bond M). (ButO)3W triple bond N and CH3C triple bond N15 react in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature to give an equilibrium mixture involving (ButO)3W triple bond N15 and CH3C triple bond N. The (ButO)3W triple bond N compound is similarly shown to act as a catalyst for N15-atom scrambling between MeC13 triple bond N15 and PhC triple bond N to give a mixture of MeC13 triple bond N and PhC triple bond N15. From studies of degenerate scrambling of N atoms involving (ButO)3W triple bond N and MeC13 triple bond N in THF-d8 by 13C(1H) NMR spectroscopy, the reaction was found to be first order in acetonitrile and the activation parameters were estimated to be DeltaH = 13.4(7) kcal/mol and DeltaS = -32(2) eu. A similar reaction is observed for (ButO)3Mo triple bond N and CH3C triple bond N15 upon heating in THF-d8. The reaction is suppressed in pyridine solutions and not observed for the dimeric [(ButMe2SiO)3W triple bond N]2. The reaction pathway has been investigated by calculations employing density functional theory on the model compounds (MeO)3M triple bond N and CH3C triple bond N where M = Mo and W. The transition state was found to involve a product of the 2 + 2 cycloaddition of M triple bond N and C triple bond N, a planar metalladiazacyclobutadiene. This resembles the pathway calculated for alkyne metathesis involving (MeO)3W triple bond CMe, which modeled the metathesis of (ButO)3W triple bond CBut. The calculations also predict that the energy of the transition state is notably higher for M = Mo relative to M = W.
Design of wide-tuning high-Q differential active inductor for multistandard applications (2015)

In this paper, a new tunable differential active inductor (DAI) architecture based on the use of two cascade-grounded active inductors is proposed. A negative resistance based cross-coupled pairs is added to improve the quality factor. The DAI has been implemented in 0.13μm CMOS process. The obtained simulation results show an inductance tuning range from 80 nH to 520 nH for circuit operating frequency range from 0.78 GHz to 3.25 GHz achieving 66% tuning range. A high quality factor of 2672 is obtained at the center frequency of 1.65 GHz. The power consumption is around 2.5 mW under 1V power supply. It occupies a small chip area of around 23.6 × 37.8 μm2.
Stereoselective “Pinacol” Coupling of 2,3-<i>O</i>-Isopropylidene-<scp>d</scp>-glyceraldehyde (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTStereoselective "Pinacol" Coupling of 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehydeMichael C. Barden and Jeffrey SchwartzView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1009Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 21, 7520–7521Publication Date (Web):October 17, 1997Publication History Received4 June 1997Published online17 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970974ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970974ibrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views714Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Dissociation,Inorganic compounds,Oligomers,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Dual vessel arterial spin labeling scheme for regional perfusion imaging (2006)

Regional perfusion imaging (RPI) based on pulsed arterial spin labeling and angulated inversion slabs has been recently proposed. The technique allows mapping of individual brain perfusion territories of the major feeding arteries and could become a valuable clinical tool for evaluation of patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Here we propose a new labeling scheme for RPI where lateral and posterior circulations are labeled simultaneously. Two scans instead of three are sufficient to obtain the same perfusion territories as in the original approach, allowing for a 33% reduction in the total RPI protocol time. Moreover, the position of the inversion slabs with respect to vascular anatomy facilitates the planning and allows potentially better labeling efficiency. The new approach was tested on seven healthy volunteers and compared to the original labeling scheme. The results showed that the same perfusion territories and regional CBF values can be obtained.
Analysis of exacerbation rates in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: example from the TRISTAN study (2007)

Recurrent events in clinical trials have typically been analysed using either a multiple time-to-event method or a direct approach based on the distribution of the number of events. An area of application for these methods is exacerbation data from respiratory clinical trials. The different approaches to the analysis and the issues involved are illustrated for a large trial (n = 1465) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For exacerbation rates, clinical interest centres on a direct comparison of rates for each treatment which favours the distribution-based analysis, rather than a time-to-event approach. Poisson regression has often been employed and has recently been recommended as the appropriate method of analysis for COPD exacerbations but the key assumptions often appear unreasonable for this analysis. By contrast use of a negative binomial model which corresponds to assuming a separate Poisson parameter for each subject offers a more appealing approach. Non-parametric methods avoid some of the assumptions required by these models, but do not provide appropriate estimates of treatment effects because of the discrete and bounded nature of the data.
Role of androgens and the androgen receptor in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and invasion of prostate cancer cells (2009)

Androgens are functionally required for the normal growth of the prostate gland and in prostate tumor development and progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) is an important process during normal development and in cancer cell metastasis induced by factors within the microenvironment, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). This study examined the ability of androgens to influence EMT of prostate cancer epithelial cells. The EMT pattern was evaluated on the basis of expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin/beta-catenin, and the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, as well as cytoskeleton reorganization in response to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 1 nM) and/or TGF-beta (5 ng/ml). Overexpressing and silencing approaches to regulate androgen receptor (AR) expression were conducted to determine the involvement of AR in EMT in the presence or absence of an AR antagonist. Our results demonstrate that androgens induce the EMT pattern in prostate tumor epithelial cell with Snail activation and lead to significant changes in prostate cancer cell migration and invasion potential. Expression levels of AR inversely correlated with androgen-mediated EMT in prostate tumor epithelial cells, pointing to a low AR content required for the EMT phenotype. These findings indicate the ability of androgens to induce EMT by potentially bypassing the functional involvement of TGF-beta, thus contributing to metastatic behavior of prostate cancer cells.-Zhum, M.-L., Kyprianou, N. Role of androgens and the androgen receptor in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of prostate cancer cells.
General Synthesis of Ordered Crystallized Metal Oxide Nanoarrays Replicated by Microwave‐Digested Mesoporous Silica (2003)

Microwave‐digested (MWD) mesoporous materials are shown for the first time to be powerful hosts (templates) for the production of various crystalline metal oxide nanowire (the Figure shows a model) or nanosphere arrays via a simple impregnation and thermolysis synthesis. Some of the metal oxides (e.g., Co 3 O 4 ) exhibit ordered structures on both meso‐ and atomic scales.
DNA damage leads to progressive replicative decline but extends the life span of long-lived mutant animals (2013)

Human-nucleotide-excision repair (NER) deficiency leads to different developmental and segmental progeroid symptoms of which the pathogenesis is only partially understood. To understand the biological impact of accumulating spontaneous DNA damage, we studied the phenotypic consequences of DNA-repair deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that DNA damage accumulation does not decrease the adult life span of post-mitotic tissue. Surprisingly, loss of functional ERCC-1/XPF even further extends the life span of long-lived daf-2 mutants, likely through an adaptive activation of stress signaling. Contrariwise, NER deficiency leads to a striking transgenerational decline in replicative capacity and viability of proliferating cells. DNA damage accumulation induces severe, stochastic impairment of development and growth, which is most pronounced in NER mutants that are also impaired in their response to ionizing radiation and inter-strand crosslinks. These results suggest that multiple DNA-repair pathways can protect against replicative decline and indicate that there might be a direct link between the severity of symptoms and the level of DNA-repair deficiency in patients.
RI2N/DRV: Multi-link ethernet for high-bandwidth and fault-tolerant network on PC clusters (2009)

Although recent high-end interconnection network devices and switches provide a high performance to cost ratio, most of the small to medium sized PC clusters are still built on the commodity network, Ethernet. To enhance performance on commonly used Gigabit Ethernet networks, link aggregation or binding technology is used. Currently, Linux kernels are equipped with software named Linux Channel Bonding (LCB), which is based IEEE802.3ad Link Aggregation technology. However, standard LCB has the disadvantage of mismatch with the TCP protocol; consequently, both large latency and bandwidth instability can occur. Fault-tolerance feature is supported by LCB, but the usability is not sufficient. We developed a new implementation similar to LCB named Redundant Interconnection with Inexpensive Network with Driver (RI2N/DRV) for use on Gigabit Ethernet. RI2N/DRV has a complete software stack that is very suitable for TCP, an upper layer protocol. Our algorithm suppresses unnecessary ACK packets and retransmission of packets, even in imbalanced network traffic and link failures on multiple links. It provides both high-bandwidth and fault-tolerant communication on multi-link Gigabit Ethernet. We confirmed that this system improves the performance and reliability of the network, and our system can be applied to ordinary UNIX services such as network file system (NFS), without any modification of other modules.
Effective Resistance of Gas Flow in Microchannels (2013)

The resistance of gas flow in microchannels is higher because of the relatively more importance of interfacial effects at microscale. We studied the effective resistance of gas from the wall interactions, the ends effect, and the rarefication effect quantitatively using the three-dimensional (3D) direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The effective resistance is enhanced by the wall interactions, increasing exponentially as the concerned walls distance decreases. For short microchannels, the ends effects from both inlet and outlet also raise the effective resistance of gas flow in microchannels following a reciprocal exponential relationship with the aspect ratio of length to height. The gas rarefication strengthens the effective resistance enhancement by either the wall interaction effects or the ends effects. This work turns a complicated micromechanical problem into simple available formulae for designs and optimization of microengineering.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Zinc‐Solubility Electrolytes for Use in Zinc/Nickel Oxide Cells. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and fabrication of a miniaturized six-degree-of-freedom piezoresistive accelerometer (2005)

This paper presents a miniaturized six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) piezoresistive accelerometer. The accelerometer is capable of measuring three components of linear acceleration and three components of angular acceleration on three orthogonal axes at the frequency bandwidth of 300 Hz. The obtained experimental results showed good agreement with the finite element simulation. The sensor is ideal for use in biomechanical research applications requiring detection of multiple components of acceleration such as the study of human gesture recognition systems.
Review of Clinical Features, Microbiological Spectrum, and Treatment Outcomes of Endogenous Endophthalmitis over an 8-Year Period (2012)

Purpose. To evaluate the clinical features, microbiological spectrum, and treatment outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis. Methods. Retrospective review of consecutive cases with infective endogenous endophthalmitis presenting from 2000 to 2007. The main outcome measure was the visual outcome at the latest follow-up visit. Other outcome measures included microbiological investigations, anatomical and clinical outcomes. Results. 22 eyes of 21 patients were included, and the mean follow-up duration was 2.7 years. Eyes with fungal endogenous endophthalmitis were more likely to have visual acuity of finger counting or better at presentation compared with those with bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis (odds ratio = 15.0, P = 0.013). Gram-negative microorganisms accounted for 50% of infections, while fungal and gram-positive organisms accounted for 27.3% and 22.7%, respectively. Despite treatment, the visual outcome was poor in general as 10 (45.5%) eyes had no light perception at the latest follow-up visit and 6 (27.3%) eyes required enucleation or evisceration. Contrary to previous studies, fungal endogenous endophthalmitis did not appear to have better visual outcome compared with bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis. Conclusion. Gram-negative microorganisms were the main causative pathogens of endogenous endophthalmitis in Hong Kong. The visual prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis is generally poor as almost 50% of eyes were blind despite treatment.
Out of Information Poverty: Library Services for Urban Marginalized Immigrants (2013)

provides reference services and teaches information literacy classes. Her special area of professional interest focuses on library resources for multicultural and diversity education and library electronic resource development. She has published seven journal articles in the fields of librarianship and humanities. This paper provides an analytical overview of the literature on information poverty and the strategies of reducing such poverty for urban marginalized groups from cultural and structural perspectives. Focusing on the urban immigrants in the United States, this paper discusses their informational needs with respect to literacy skills, technology support, cultural awareness, and information resources. In addition, the paper evaluates the library services demonstrated by the selected urban libraries that supply diversified education programs and civic engagement activities in an attempt to establish a more equitable and harmonious community.