gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNNDROP: A novel dropout for RNNS in ASR (2015)

Recently, recurrent neural networks (RNN) have achieved the state-of-the-art performance in several applications that deal with temporal data, e.g., speech recognition, handwriting recognition and machine translation. While the ability of handling long-term dependency in data is the key for the success of RNN, combating over-fitting in training the models is a critical issue for achieving the cutting-edge performance particularly when the depth and size of the network increase. To that end, there have been some attempts to apply the dropout, a popular regularization scheme for the feed-forward neural networks, to RNNs, but they do not perform as well as other regularization scheme such as weight noise injection. In this paper, we propose rnnDrop, a novel variant of the dropout tailored for RNNs. Unlike the existing methods where dropout is applied only to the non-recurrent connections, the proposed method applies dropout to the recurrent connections as well in such a way that RNNs generalize well. Our experiments show that rnnDrop is a better regularization method than others including weight noise injection. Namely, when deep bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) RNNs were trained with rnnDrop as acoustic models for phoneme and speech recognition, they significantly outperformed the current state-of-the-arts; we achieved the phoneme error rate of 16.29% on the TIMIT core test set for phoneme recognition and the word error rate of 5.53% on the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) dataset, dev93, for speech recognition, which are the best reported results on both of the datasets.
Evidence for the presence of a low-level, persistent baculovirus infection of Mamestra brassicae insects. (1997)

A laboratory culture of Mamestra brassicae insects (MbLC) harbours a latent or occult baculovirus that resembles M. brassicae multiple nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV). Although conventional extraction techniques have failed to detect the presence of virus in MbLC, control virus-free insects (MbWS) died of an MbMNPV-like infection after being fed MbLC fat-body cells. This suggested that the MbLC cells harboured infectious MbMNPV, albeit at low levels. We have also demonstrated that fat-body cells from MbLC, but not from MbWS, contain mRNA specific for the polyhedrin gene and transcriptional factors that are capable of activating baculovirus late and very late gene promoters linked to a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Our data provide indirect evidence that the latent MbMNPV in the MbLC insects is maintained as a persistent infection, with the expression of viral genes at a low level.
Tabloid Archaeology: Is Television Trivializing Science? : Analysis of NOVA program about Tarim Mummies (1999)

Tabloid Archaeology: Is Television Trivializing Science? : Analysis of NOVA program about Tarim Mummies
[OFC 2013 Tutorial OW3G.4] Burst-mode Receiver Technology for Short Synchronization (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text X. Qiu, "[OFC 2013 Tutorial OW3G.4] Burst-mode Receiver Technology for Short Synchronization," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper OW3G.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Get Video Citation alert Save article
Enhanced selective gene delivery to neural stem cells <i>in vivo</i> by an adeno-associated viral variant (2015)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are defined by their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into mature neuronal and glial cell types. NSCs are the subject of intense investigation, owing to their crucial roles in neural development and adult brain function and because they present potential targets for gene and cell replacement therapies following injury or disease. Approaches to specifically genetically perturb or modulate NSC function would be valuable for either motivation. Unfortunately, most gene delivery vectors are incapable of efficient or specific gene delivery to NSCs in vivo. Vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) present a number of advantages and have proven increasingly successful in clinical trials. However, natural AAV variants are inefficient in transducing NSCs. We previously engineered a novel AAV variant (AAV r3.45) capable of efficient transduction of adult NSCs in vitro. Here, to build upon the initial promise of this variant, we investigated its in vitro and in vivo infectivity. AAV r3.45 was more selective for NSCs than mature neurons in a human embryonic stem cell-derived culture containing a mixture of cell types, including NSCs and neurons. It was capable of more efficient and selective transduction of rat and mouse NSCs in vivo than natural AAV serotypes following intracranial vector administration. Delivery of constitutively active β-catenin yielded insights into mechanisms by which this key regulator modulates NSC function, indicating that this engineered AAV variant can be harnessed for preferential modulation of adult NSCs in the hippocampus. The capacity to rapidly genetically modify these cells might greatly accelerate in vivo investigations of adult neurogenesis.
Linearly polarized light with axial symmetry generated by liquid-crystal polarization converters (1996)

Novel liquid-crystal devices are described that generate linearly polarized light with axial symmetry; the beam propagation axis is the symmetry axis. Such light fields can be characterized by a polarization order number P. For example, P = 1 fields represent radially or azimuthally polarized light. The reorientation of the polarization orientation in these polarization converters is due to the twisted nematic effect and the effect of lambda/2 wave plates. A single polarization converter can generate fields of orders 1 and 2. It is shown that one can in principle generate fields of any integral order P by cascading such elements. Devices that generate P = 1 fields are achromatic and can be used as polarization axis finders or as versatile tools for studying birefringent or polarizing materials.
Transdermal Bioavailability in Rats of Lidocaine in the Forms of Ionic Liquids, Salts, and Deep Eutectic (2017)

Tuning the bioavailability of lidocaine was explored by its incorporation into the ionic liquid lidocainium docusate ([Lid][Doc]) and the deep eutectic Lidocaine·Ibuprofen (Lid·Ibu) and comparing the transdermal absorption of these with the crystalline salt lidocainium chloride ([Lid]Cl). Each form of lidocaine was dissolved in a vehicle cream and topically applied to Sprague–Dawley rats. The concentrations of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in blood plasma were monitored over time as an indication of systemic absorption. The concentration of lidocaine in plasma varied between applied API-based creams, with faster and higher systemic absorption of the hydrogen bonded deep eutectic Lid·Ibu than the absorption of the salts [Lid]Cl or [Lid][Doc]. Interestingly, a differential transdermal absorption was observed between lidocaine and ibuprofen when Lid·Ibu was applied, possibly indicating different interactions with the tissue components.
Palindromic Sequence Artifacts Generated during Next Generation Sequencing Library Preparation from Historic and Ancient DNA (2014)

Degradation-specific processes and variation in laboratory protocols can bias the DNA sequence composition from samples of ancient or historic origin. Here, we identify a novel artifact in sequences from historic samples of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), which forms interrupted palindromes consisting of reverse complementary sequence at the 5' and 3'-ends of sequencing reads. The palindromic sequences themselves have specific properties - the bases at the 5'-end align well to the reference genome, whereas extensive misalignments exists among the bases at the terminal 3'-end. The terminal 3' bases are artificial extensions likely caused by the occurrence of hairpin loops in single stranded DNA (ssDNA), which can be ligated and amplified in particular library creation protocols. We propose that such hairpin loops allow the inclusion of erroneous nucleotides, specifically at the 3'-end of DNA strands, with the 5'-end of the same strand providing the template. We also find these palindromes in previously published ancient DNA (aDNA) datasets, albeit at varying and substantially lower frequencies. This artifact can negatively affect the yield of endogenous DNA in these types of samples and introduces sequence bias.
Using Images in Context-Aware Recommender Systems (2010)

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a unified probabilistic framework for product recommendation which uses both images and user’s contextual situation to predict accurately the ratings. In addition, this framework suggests highly rated and diversified products to reach better user satisfactions in conformance with researches in consumer psychology. Experimental results show that images improve the usefulness of recommendation comparatively with state-of-art methods.
Effects of nitroglycerin on liquid gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility (1998)

The effects of the nitric oxide donor nitroglycerin on gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility were evaluated in nine healthy male subjects (ages 19-36 yr). Antropyloroduodenal pressures were recorded with a manometric assembly that had nine side holes spanning the antrum and proximal duodenum and a pyloric sleeve sensor; gastric emptying was quantified scintigraphically. In each subject, the emptying of 300 ml of 25% glucose labeled with 99mTc was assessed on two separate days during intravenous infusion of either nitroglycerin (5 micrograms/min in 5% dextrose) or 5% dextrose (control). Studies were performed with the subject in the supine position; blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. Nitroglycerin had no significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate. Nitroglycerin slowed gastric emptying (P < 0.02), and this was associated with greater retention of the drink in the proximal stomach (P < 0.05). In both nitroglycerin and control studies, ingestion of the drink was associated with an increase in the number of isolated pyloric pressure waves (P < 0.05) and antral pressure wave sequences (P < 0.05). Nitroglycerin reduced the number of isolated pyloric pressure waves (P < 0.05), basal pyloric pressure (P < 0.05), and the number of antral pressure wave sequences (P < 0. 05), but not the total number of antral pressure waves. The rate of gastric emptying and the number of isolated pyloric pressure waves were inversely related during control (P = 0.03) and nitroglycerin (P < 0.05) infusions. We conclude that in normal subjects, 1) gastric emptying of 300 ml of 25% glucose is inversely related to the frequency of phasic pyloric pressure waves, and 2) nitroglycerin in a dose of 5 micrograms/min inhibits pyloric motility, alters the organization but not the number of antral pressure waves, and slows gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of 25% glucose.
Aspheric Surface Measurement Using Capacitive Sensors (2017)

This paper proposes a new method for the measurement of spherical coordinates by using capacitive sensors as a non-contact probe solution of measurement of aspheric surfaces. The measurement of the average effect of the capacitive probe and the influence of capacitive probe tilting were studied with respect to an eccentric spherical surface. Based on the tested characteristic curve of the average effect of the sphere and probe, it was found that nonlinear and linear compensation resulted in high measurement accuracy. The capacitance probe was found to be trying to fulfill a need for performing nm-level precision measurement of aspheric electromagnetic surfaces.
Towards the Optimal Screening Collection: A Synthesis Strategy (2007)

The development of effective small-molecule probes and drugs entails at least three stages: 1) a discovery phase, often requiring the synthesis and screening of candidate compounds, 2) an optimization phase, requiring the synthesis and analysis of structural variants, 3) and a manufacturing phase, requiring the efficient, large-scale synthesis of the optimized probe or drug. Specialized project groups tend to undertake the individual activities without prior coordination; for example, contracted (outsourced) chemists may perform the first activity while in-house medicinal and process chemists perform the second and third development stages, respectively. The coordinated planning of these activities in advance of the first small-molecule screen tends not to be undertaken, and each project group can encounter a bottleneck that could, in principle, have been avoided with advance planning. Therefore, a challenge for synthetic chemistry is to develop a new kind of chemistry that yields a screening collection comprising small molecules that increase the probability of success in all three phases. Although this transformative chemistry remains elusive, progress is being made. Herein, we review a newly emerging strategy in diversity-oriented small-molecule synthesis that may have the potential to achieve these challenging goals.
InAsSb-based mid-infrared lasers (3.8–3.9 μm) and light-emitting diodes with AlAsSb claddings and semimetal electron injection, grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1996)

Gain-guided, injection lasers using AlAsSb for optical confinement and a strained InAsSb/InAs multiquantum well active region were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The semi-metal properties of a p-GaAsSb/n-InAs heterojunction are utilized as a source for injection of electrons into the active region of the laser. In pulsed mode, the laser operated up to 210 K with an emission wavelength of 3.8–3.9 μm. We also report on the two-color emission of a light-emitting diode with two different active regions to demonstrate multistage operation of these ‘‘unipolar ’’ devices.
Blind Spot Monitoring Using Deep Learning (2018)

This paper introduces blind spot monitoring for vehicles using vehicle mounted cameras in order to reduce traffic accidents. We firstly describe how intelligent surveillance can be used to detect vehicle blind spots by using multiple cameras. We then describe the importance of blind spot detection including technical background. Next, an example is used to explain blind spot and calculate the probability of accidents occurring in the blind spots. After that, a deep learning RNN model is designed to predict the number of cars that will turn up in the blind spots. Finally, our future work and conclusions will be described in the last section. Our contributions in this paper are: (1) data augmentation for deep learning, (2) design a new network for time series analysis, (3) detailed analysis for blind spot detection using the proposed RNN network.
Self-Assembly of Ion-Pair Complexes (2007)

Solid-state structures of cobalt(II) complexes of 4-methylumbelliferone-8-methyleneiminodiacetic acid (H3muia), also named Calcein Blue, are presented. Interestingly, ion-pair complexes with different solvation in cation, namely, [Co(H2O)4(CH3CN)2][Co(muia)(H2O)2]2 (1) and [Co(H2O)6][Co2(muia)2(H2O)2]·2CH3CN (2), exhibit self-assembly in one-pot crystallization. By variation of the experimental conditions, 1D coordination polymer [{Co(H2O)4}{Co2(muia)2(H2O)2}]·11H2O (3), which can be considered a pseudo-supramolecular isomer, is obtained. Hydrogen bonding between the cation and anion core gives an interesting hydrogen-bonded network structure. The condensation of ion-pair complexes to a 1D coordination polymer by the influence of solvents is demonstrated.
Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Meshes Without Using Virtual Channels (1998)

The results provide strong evidence proving that the lesser the tentorial and occipital angles, the easier the exposure of the anterior portion of the MTR during the paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach. The tendency of the cranial shape toward dolichocephaly seems to have the same practical value in choosing the approach. It is easier to expose the anterior portion of the MTR in these individuals.
An efficient method for fingerprint matching based on local point model (2013)

This paper proposes a fingerprint matching method based on local Thin-Plate-Spline (TPS) deformation model, a warping technique, to deal with non-linear distorted fingerprints. After determining the set of corresponding minutiae pairs between two fingerprints by using an affine transformation, a set of corresponding pseudo-minutiae pairs are created based on their local ridge-valley structure comparison. These points are associated with the known corresponding point pairs to select a suitable landmark point set for using Local Thin Plate Spline deformation model over 9 partial areas of fingerprint images in order to find new corresponding minutiae pairs. This procedure is repeated until no more new corresponding minutiae pairs are distinguished or the number of corresponding point pairs is large enough. The experimental results on the database FVC2004 show that the proposed method significantly improves matching performance compared to the global TPS warping method.
Multichannel time-resolved optical tomographic imaging system (1999)

A time-resolved optical imaging system using near-infrared light has been developed. The system had three pulsed light sources and total 64 channels of detection, working simultaneously for acquisition of the time-resolved data of the pulsed light transmitted through scattering media like biological tissues. The light sources were provided by high power picosecond pulsed diode lasers, and optical switches directed one of the light sources to the object through an optical fiber. The light signals reemitted from the surface of the object were collected by optical fibers, and transmitted to a time-resolved detecting system. Each of the detecting channels consisted of an optical attenuator, a fast photomultiplier, and a time-correlated single photon counting circuit which contained a miniaturized constant fraction discriminator/time-to-amplitude converter module, and a signal acquisition unit with an A/D converter. The performance and potentiality of the imaging system have been examined by the image reconstruction from the measured data using solid phantoms.
Avalanche Breakdown in Silicon (1954)

An avalanche theory of breakdown at room temperature is proposed for semiconductors based on the assumption of approximately equal ionization rates for electrons and positive holes. The problem of obtaining ionization rates from data obtained in inhomogeneous fields is solved exactly for two specific field distributions. Ionization rates for silicon thus calculated from experimental data on breakdown voltage and on prebreakdown multiplication for both linear-gradient and step junctions are in good agreement. The temperature coefficient of the ionization rate exhibits a similar internal consistency. It is concluded that internal field emission has not been observed in silicon.Detailed observations are reported of the pulse-type noise associated with breakdown. It is shown that this noise represents the unstable onset of breakdown and that, for the junctions studied, all of the current flow in the breakdown region can be attributed to the current carried by the noise pulses.
Dermatopontin Promotes Epidermal Keratinocyte Adhesion via α3β1 Integrin and a Proteoglycan Receptor (2009)

Dermatopontin, an extracellular matrix component initially purified from bovine dermis, promoted cell adhesion of the human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). HaCaT cells spread on dermatopontin and formed actin fibers. Adhesion of HaCaT cells to dermatopontin was inhibited by both EDTA and heparin and was mediated in part by alpha3beta1 integrin. A synthetic peptide (DP-4, PHGQVVVAVRS; bovine dermatopontin residues 33-43) specifically inhibited adhesion of cells to dermatopontin, and when the DP-4 peptide was coated on the well, it promoted cell adhesion in a dose-dependent manner. An active core sequence of the DP-4 peptide was localized to an eight-amino acid sequence (GQVVVAVR). These results indicate that dermatopontin is a novel epidermal cell adhesion molecule and suggest that the DP-4 sequence is critical for the cell adhesive activity of dermatopontin. Adhesion of cells to DP-4 was strongly inhibited by heparin. When HaCaT cells were treated with heparitinase I, the cells failed to adhere to DP-4 but chondroitinase ABC treatment did not influence the adhesion activity. DP-4 specifically interacted with biotinylated heparin, and this interaction was inhibited by unlabeled heparin. DP-4 peptide significantly promoted the adhesion of cells overexpressing syndecans, and syndecan bound to a DP-4 peptide affinity column. These results suggest that HaCaT cells adhere to dermatopontin through alpha3beta1 integrin and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan-type receptor, which is likely a syndecan. We conclude that dermatopontin plays a role as a multifunctional adhesion molecule for epidermal cells.
Short and long term stability of optical oscillators (2003)

Progress in making stable laser sources which can be used as local oscillators for an optical atomic frequency standard is reported. For short-term stability, the laser frequency was stabilized to the resonance frequency of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. Linewidths of 50 mHz (FWHM) for He-Ne lasers and 0.49 Hz (FWHM) for a commercial dye laser system were obtained. By locking the optical phase of a commercial dye laser system to a reference laser, more than 97% of the power could be put into the carrier, which means >97% of the dye laser power is within the linewidth of the reference laser. With both passive and active vibration isolation of the optical table on which the reference cavities are mounted, <1- mu g seismic vibration and <1- mu rad tilt environment, corresponding to <20-Hz laser frequency excursion and <10-Hz frequency shift, respectively, were obtained. The long term drift was also studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LPS-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF)-deficient mice express reduced LPS-induced cytokine: Evidence for LITAF-dependent LPS signaling pathways (2006)

Previously we identified a transcription factor, LPS-Induced TNF-α Factor (LITAF), mediating inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-induced processes. To characterize the role of LITAF in vivo , we generated a macrophage-specific LITAF-deficient mouse (macLITAF −/− ). Our data demonstrate that in macrophages ( i ) several cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6, sTNF-RII, and CXCL16) are induced at lower levels in macLITAF −/− compared with LITAF +/+ control macrophages; ( ii ) macLITAF −/− mice are more resistant to LPS-induced lethality. To further identify LITAF signaling pathways, we tested mouse TLR-2 −/− , -4 −/− , and -9 −/− and WT peritoneal macrophages exposed to LPS. Using these cells, we now show that LITAF expression can be induced after challenge either with LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis via agonism at TLR-2, or with LPS from Escherichia coli via agonism at TLR-4, both requiring functional MyD88. We also show that, in response to LPS, the MyD88-dependent LITAF pathway differs from the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, using a kinase array, p38α was found to mediate LITAF phosphorylation and the inhibition of p38α with a p38-specific inhibitor (SB203580) blocked LITAF nuclear translocation and reduced LPS-induced TNF-α protein levels. Finally, macLITAF −/− macrophages rescued by LITAF cDNA transfection restored levels of TNF-α similar to those observed in WT cells. We conclude that LITAF is an important mediator of the LPS-induced inflammatory response that can be distinguished from NF-κB pathway and that p38α is the specific kinase involved in the pathway linking LPS/MyD88/LITAF to TNF.