gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The social pillar of sustainable development: a literature review and framework for policy analysis (2012)

There is a need to develop a clearer understanding of what the social pillar of sustainable development means and how it relates to the environmental pillar. This article contributes to this process by presenting a conceptual framework that identifies four overarching social concepts and links them to environmental imperatives. These concepts are: public awareness, equity, participation, and social cohesion. The framework builds on concepts and policy objectives outlined in research on international sustainable development indicators and the social sustainability literature. The social pillar can be expanded to include environmental, international, and intergenerational dimensions. This framework can then be used to examine how states and organizations understand the social pillar and its environmental links.
Computer aid designed digital targeting template of pedicle of vertebral arch for atlantoaxial nailing (2009)

Study Design. Instead of inserting the screw based only on surgical experience,computer-aided design (CAD) techniques were used to build a digital model for treating a three year old Chinese girl. Objective. To improve the safety of atlantoaxial pedicle screw fixation. Summary of Background Data. Due to the complex of anatomy and variations in the structure of the pedicle of the atlantoaxial vertebral arch, the vertebral artery and spinal cord can easily get damaged during the process of screw insertion, resulting in a poor prognosis. Methods. The CT image of a patient with an atlantoaxial instability was loaded into a computer programme for 3D reconstruction. The 3D passageway for atlantoaxial pedicle and atlantoaxial targeting template were designed. Results. Rapid prototyping of an atlantoaxial targeting template which aided atlantoaxial pedicle screw fixation. Conclusion. The safety and degree of accuracy of atlantoaxial pedicle screw fixation were improved by the targeting template.
Is pharmacological prevention of Alzheimer's a realistic goal? (2002)

A growing body of evidence suggests that several classes of drugs marketed for other indications may be effective in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Among the most promising of these are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, oestrogens (oestrogen replacement therapy) and antioxidant vitamins. Other less well-established candidates include histamine H(2) receptor antagonists (H(2) blockers) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins). For each of these, we discuss possible mechanisms for their postulated neuroprotective effects and review the studies suggesting their benefits in Alzheimer's disease. We conclude that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oestrogen replacement therapies may be effective in preventing Alzheimer's disease only if taken during the latent phase of the disease several years prior to the appearance of disturbances. Antioxidants may also prevent Alzheimer's disease, but unlike nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oestrogen replacement therapies, they may continue to have beneficial effects even after the clinical onset of the disease. The only way to demonstrate the efficacy of these agents will be through randomised, controlled prevention trials. Such trials are currently underway but conclusive results may not be available for several years. Although intriguing, more studies on the neuroprotective effects of statins and H(2) blockers are needed before trials of these agents are initiated. Finally, there are other classes of pharmacological compounds emerging on the horizon, including folic acid, anti-beta-sheet conformational agents, secretase inhibitors and vaccines, that may soon prove to be effective for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
Semantic combination of textual and visual information in multimedia retrieval (2011)

The goal of this paper is to introduce a set of techniques we call semantic combination in order to efficiently fuse text and image retrieval systems in the context of multimedia information access. These techniques emerge from the observation that image and textual queries are expressed at different semantic levels and that a single image query is often ambiguous. Overall, the semantic combination techniques overcome a conceptual barrier rather than a technical one: these methods can be seen as a combination of late fusion and image reranking. Albeit simple, this approach has not been used yet. We assess the proposed techniques against late and cross-media fusion using 4 different ImageCLEF datasets. Compared to late fusion, performances significantly increase on two datasets and remain similar on the two other ones.
Stereoselective introduction of hydroxy-groups into the 24-, 25-, and 26-positions of the cholesterol side chain (1981)

Asymmetric reduction of steroidal 25-en-24-ones by a complex of LiAlH4 and 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl led to a steroselective introduction of hydroxy-groups into the 24-, 25-, and 26-positions of the cholesterol side chain.
Meeting report from the Third European Congress of Virology, 1-5 September 2007 in Nuremberg, Germany (2007)

Nuremberg was the third European city to host the European Congress of Virology in September this year (http://www.eurovirology.org). Some 1,500 scientists from Europe and elsewhere came together to share their knowledge on basic and applied research in clinical, veterinary and plant virology. The main focus was on human pathogenic viruses, providing a platform where basic research and clinical application came into contact. The topics covered all areas of research in virology, from basic molecular biology and immunology to epidemiology, vaccine development, and diagnostics. For this meeting report, the Editorial team has selected some of our highlights out of the many excellent keynote lectures and workshop contributions.
A New Concept in the Design of Pressure-Swing Adsorption Processes for Multicomponent Gas Mixtures (1998)

This paper discusses a new concept in pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) process design for the separation of multicomponent gas mixtures. A more compact process design is achievable by incorporating two or more different adsorbents into a single PSA column. An example, used to illustrate the new concept, involved the separation of a ternary gas mixture containing carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen. With the new design, only two pairs of adsorption columns were required in place of the usual three. Feed was introduced at midcolumn of unit 1 and a midcolumn side stream from unit 2 supplied intermediate product. Three different adsorbents were required for the example separation. The process was simulated using a simple mathematical model which demonstrated that the new design gave a performance comparable to that of the original integrated process.
Generic Authorizer: Authorizer Generic Banking Operations (2012)

This article presents the development of a generic authorizer that allows to develop new schemes of authorization. In particular, it suggests a new security model based on the geolocation and the time when the banking operations are carried out. The geolocation is supported by the mobility and the schedule as general context. This model offers customers of a bank or in general to any service that requires identification of the user to set rules based on the geolocation and also on the basis of the schedule when is carried out each transaction. This model allows the user to establish the authorization rules through the web. The user can configure rules based on geolocation or schedule or a combination of both. Of the same way, web services are developed and consumed by the banks to authorize a transaction on the basis of the rules defined by the user previously. For example, to authorize a transaction the Bank receives the coordinates of location of the device which is generating a transaction and with the schedule of the server verifies if the operation was authorized on the basis of a geographical defined perimeter and if it fulfill with the rules that the client income previously. The same offers an innovative vision because it incorporates a new way to protect the banking transactions and reduce fraud. This new security model provides high benefits both to the banks as their partners.
Making commodity PCs fit for signal processing (1998)

Commodity PCs are on the verge of being capable of performing a variety of signal processing tasks that previously required special purpose hardware. Advances in the speed and width of their processors and internal buses allow these machines to manipulate data at rates that would allow their users to interact with a diverse range of sampled media, such as the raw RF spectrum and ultrasound. However, today&apos;s PCs lack an I/O system capable of delivering the appropriate bandwidth to these signal processing applications. These applications demand high continuous throughput I/O that smooths the inter-sample jitter introduced byinterrupts, I/O bus latency, scheduling latency, etc. This paper presents a system that provides this functionality. Our system is composed of two tightly integrated parts: a PCI device that provides high raw I/O bus throughput and operating system enhancements to manage the device and provide low overhead transfers across the boundary between kernel and user space. The performance is excellent, providing up to 512 Mbits/sec of continuous throughput for an application. A description of both parts of the system is given, along with performance measurements,and a brief description of an application. 1
Effects of Oral Adsorbent AST-120 Concurrent with a Low-Protein Diet on the Progression of Chronic Renal Failure (1996)

This study was designed to examine the effects of oral adsorbent AST-120 on the progression of CRF in patients on strict LPD. Thirteen patients with CRF (serum creatinine: 1.8-8.2 mg/dl) that had been kept on LPD (0.4-0.7 g/kg/day) were enrolled in this study. After LPD alone for 5-24 months, AST-120 (3-6 g/day) was administered concurrently with the LPD for an additional 5-13 months. In 9 of the 13 patients, the slopes of reciprocal creatinine (Cr) vs. time plot linearly declined before AST-120 treatment. After treatment, the slopes of these patients lessened from -0.01 +/- 0.001 to -0.003 +/- 0.001 dl/mg/month (p < 0.01). Because reciprocal Cr did not decline linearly with time before AST-120 treatment in the remaining 4 patients, the slopes of reciprocal Cr could not be compared before and after treatment with AST-120. Seven of the 9 patients had sufficient creatinine clearance (Ccr) data after treatment with AST-120. The decline of Ccr decreased from -0.59 +/- 0.13 to -0.12 +/- 0.12 ml/min/month in these patients. This study has clearly demonstrated that AST-120 compounds the effects of well-controlled LPD on retarding the progression of CRF. AST-120 may remove some uremic metabolite(s) which promote the progression of CRF.
Synthesis and tissue distribution of iodine-125-labeled (m-[125I]iodobenzyl)trozamicol ([125I]MIBT): potential radioligand for mapping central cholinergic innervation (1993)

Racemic (m-iodobenzyl)trozamicol (6, MIBT), a high-affinity vesamicol receptor ligand, was radiolabeled, resolved, and evaluated in rats. Following iv injection, (+)- and (-)-[125I]MIBT achieved initial brain levels of 0.57 and 0.92% dose/g of tissue, respectively. The level of (+)-[125I]MIBT subsequently declined by 74% within 3 h, while that of (-)-[125I]MIBT remained stable for the duration. Ex vivo autoradiographic mapping of (-)-[125I]MIBT distribution in rat brain revealed a pattern which was inconsistent with central cholinergic innervation. However, high levels of (+)-[125I]MIBT were observed over the amygdala, striatum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and nuclei of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves, while moderate to low levels were detected within the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Thus, the distribution of (+)-[125I]MIBT parallels that of other presynaptic cholinergic markers. Co-injection of (+)-[125I]MIBT with 4-aminobenzovesamicol (2b), a potent vesamicol receptor ligand, reduced the levels of radiotracer in the striatum, cortex, and cerebellum by 58, 35, and 9%, respectively. Thus, (+)-[125I]MIBT binds to vesamicol receptors in vivo. In contrast, coadministration of (+)-[125I]MIBT with haloperidol (0.5 mumol/kg), reduced radiotracer levels in the cortex and cerebellum by 34 and 59%, respectively, while increasing the levels in the striatum by 32%. We conclude that although the distribution of (+)-[125I]MIBT qualitatively reflects cholinergic innervation, a fraction of radiotracer in the cortex and cerebellum is bound to sigma receptors.
Investigation of an Adaptable Crash Energy Management System to Enhance Vehicle Crashworthiness (2011)

On-axis spectral density and degree of polarization of beams radiated by electromagnetic (EM) sources with circular correlations are shown to be finely controlled by changing the source parameters. We reveal, in particular, that in this beam class, unlike for all previously known stationary beams, it is possible to control independently the dynamics of the on-axis spectral density and the degree of polarization. This was enabled by the obtained analytical expression for the on-axis polarization matrix, derived for general EM sources with circular coherence and Gaussian spectral density across the source plane. A simple experimental scheme for generating a broad class of EM circularly coherent sources is devised involving only a line source, a lens, and a transparency, possibly anisotropic.
An Efficient 1064 nm NIR‐II Excitation Fluorescent Molecular Dye for Deep‐Tissue High‐Resolution Dynamic Bioimaging (2018)

A small-molecule fluorophore FD-1080 with both excitation and emission in the NIR-II region has been successfully synthesized for in vivo imaging. A heptamethine structure is designed to shift the absorption and emission into NIR-II region. Sulphonic and cyclohexene groups are introduced to enhance its water solubility and stability. The quantum yield of FD-1080 is 0.31 %, and can be increased to 5.94 % after combining with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Significantly, 1064 nm NIR-II excitation was demonstrated with the high tissue penetration depth and superior imaging resolution compared to previously reported NIR excitation from 650 nm to 980 nm. FD-1080 is not only capable of realizing non-invasive high-resolution deep-tissue hindlimb vasculature and brain vessel bioimaging, but also quantifying the respiratory rate based on the dynamic imaging of respiratory craniocaudal motion of the liver for the awake and anaesthetized mouse.
Thermal Precipitator for Continuous Aerosol Sampling (1958)

Thermal precipitation is attractive for airborne particle collection because of the high collection efficiencies which may be attained and the convenient examination of the deposit. Most thermal precipitators, however, have very low sampling capacities or flow rates. To take fullest advantage of the desirable features of thermal precipitation, a new precipitator was designed and constructed. It operated continuously, and deposited particles upon a moving tape or substrate. Complete collection of particles resolvable with an electron microscope was attained in a 3-in. diameter precipitating zone at a flow rate of 1 l/min.
Regulation of CDK4 activity by a novel CDK4-binding protein, p34SEI-1 (1999)

The p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6). Here we report the isolation of a novel gene, SEI-1, whose product (p34(SEI-1)) appears to antagonize the function of p16(INK4a). Addition of p34(SEI-1) to cyclin D1-CDK4 renders the complex resistant to inhibition by p16(INK4a). Expression of SEI-1 is rapidly induced on addition of serum to quiescent fibroblasts, and ectopic expression of p34(SEI-1) enables fibroblasts to proliferate even in low serum concentrations. p34(SEI-1) seems to act as a growth factor sensor and may facilitate the formation and activation of cyclin D-CDK complexes in the face of inhibitory levels of INK4 proteins.
Local-field effects and effective-medium theory: A microscopic perspective (1982)

Standard textbook derivations of the Clausius–Mossotti (Lorentz–Lorenz) relation tend to obscure the physical origin of local-field effects by proceeding from the macroscopic dielectric function of the equivalent homogeneous system to the microscopic parameters of the model. The microscopic and macroscopic aspects can be made clearer by reversing the order, that is, by first obtaining the microscopic solution and then implementing the definition of macroscopic quantities as averages of their microscopic counterparts. This approach also leads naturally into a treatment of effective-medium theory and the description of the dielectric response of heterogeneous materials.
Xtream-fit: an energy-delay efficient data memory subsystem for embedded media processing (2005)

Due to the critical role played by data memory subsystems in the performance and energy efficiency of embedded systems, the design of energy-efficient data memory architectures has received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose a novel special-purpose data memory subsystem called Xtream-Fit which is aimed at achieving high energy-delay efficiency for streaming media applications. A key novelty of Xtream-Fit is that it exposes a single customization parameter, thus enabling a very simple and yet effective design space exploration methodology. A second key contribution of this paper is the ability to achieve very high energy-delay efficiency through a synergistic combination of: 1) special purpose memory subsystem components, namely, a streaming memory and a scratch-pad memory and (2) a novel task-based execution model that exposes/enhances opportunities for efficient prefetching, and aggressive dynamic energy conservation techniques targeting on-chip and off-chip memory components. Extensive experimental results show that Xtream-Fit reduces the energy-delay product by 22% to 61%, as compared to general-purpose memory subsystems enhanced with state of the art cache decay and SDRAM power-mode control policies.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm: A Focus on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2013)

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an exceedingly rare disorder categorized under acute myeloid leukemia by the World Health Organization. Phenotypically, malignant cells coexpress CD4(+) and CD56(+) without coexpressing common lymphoid or myeloid lineage markers. BPDCN frequently expresses CD123, TCL1, BDCA-2, and CD2AP. Restriction of CD2AP expression to plasmacytoid dendritic cells makes it a useful tool to help confirm diagnosis. Clonal complex chromosome aberrations are described in two-thirds of cases. Eighty percent of BPDCN cases present with nonspecific dermatological manifestations, prompting inclusion in the differential diagnosis of atypical skin rashes refractory to standard treatment. Prognosis is poor, with a median survival of less than 18 months. No prospective randomized data exist to define the most optimal frontline chemotherapy. Current practice considers acute myeloid leukemia-like or acute lymphoblastic leukemia-like regimens acceptable for induction treatment. Unfortunately, responses are short-lived, with second remissions difficult to achieve, underscoring the need to consider hematopoietic cell transplantation early in the disease course. Allografting, especially if offered in first remission, can result in long-term remissions. Preclinical data suggest a potential role for immunomodulatory agents in BPCDN. However, further research efforts are needed to better understand BPDCN biology and to establish evidence-based treatment algorithms that might ultimately improve overall prognosis of this disease.
Specific probiotic strains and their combinations counteract adhesion of<i>Enterobacter sakazakii</i>to intestinal mucus (2008)

Enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen and an occasional contaminant in powdered infant formula. Interaction between specific probiotics and E. sakazakii may reduce the risk of infection. The aim of this study was to characterize in vitro the ability of probiotics (alone and in combinations) to inhibit, compete with and displace the adhesion of E. sakazakii to immobilized human mucus and to assess their capacity to aggregate with pathogen. Specific probiotic strains have proved to aggregate E. sakazakii cells and, through competitive exclusion, inhibition and displacement of the adhered pathogen, were able to inhibit E. sakazakii action on intestinal mucus. The ability to inhibit and to displace adhered pathogen depended on both the probiotic and the pathogen, suggesting that several complementary mechanisms are involved in the processes. We suggest that the selection of specific probiotic strains and their combinations may be a useful means of counteracting E. sakazakii contamination in infant formula and thus to reduce the risk of emerging infection. This approach may also allow the development of new probiotic combinations to counteract the risks associated with other pathogens by improving the intestinal barrier against pathogens.
Fabrication of surface acoustic wave semiconductor coupled devices using epitaxial lift-off technology [GaAs-LiNbO/sub 3/ structure] (2002)

This paper presents high-performance surface acoustic wave semiconductor coupled devices in which highly functional compound semiconductor devices and highly efficient surface acoustic wave devices are monolithically integrated on the same substrate by using epitaxial lift-off technology. We investigated optimal conditions for lift-off and bonding processes and fabricated a quasi-monolithic structure with undamaged semiconductor films. We also investigated basic IC fabrication processes such as patterning and etching for the quasi-monolithic substrate. The bonded film is stable and rugged enough against these processes and the substrate can be handled as a monolithic substrate. Based on our experimental results, we confirm that fabricating high performance functional devices is feasible.
A Framework for Inter-referential Awareness in Collaborative Environments (2006)

For collaborative environments to be successful, a fundamental requirement is that they provide support for inter-referential awareness - or the ability for one participant to refer to a set of objects, and for that reference to be understood by others. Participants in co-located collaboration benefit from the availability of non-verbal communication, including gestures, eye gaze and body movements. However, when geographically separated, they can experience difficulty in communicating - as computer-mediated cues are often compromised. Given the heterogeneity of media and myriad of interaction techniques that exist in groupware, supporting inter-referential awareness can be difficult. We present a unified and systematic way of encapsulating the numerous factors related to this form of awareness through the creation of process-driven ontology. Our framework provides a formal method for describing inter-referential awareness, and serves as approach that interface designers can use to better comprehend the relevant factors involved. This research stems from our previous investigations in inter-referential awareness in collaborative augmented reality environments