gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivatives of Sulfenic Acids. XIII. The Reaction of 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride with Styrene<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Sulfenic Acids. XIII. The Reaction of 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride with Styrene1Wilson L. Orr and Norman KharaschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 23, 6030–6035Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01119a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01119a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Breath tests in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in comparison with quantitative upper gut aspirate culture (2014)

On the basis of culture, 19% patients with IBS had SIBO. The specificity of GHBT was 100%, but the sensitivity of this test and the diagnostic performances of LHBT and breath methane were all very poor. SIBO was more common in IBS patients with diarrhea than in patients with other bowel habits.
Ask, Attend and Answer: Exploring Question-Guided Spatial Attention for Visual Question Answering (2015)

We address the problem of Visual Question Answering (VQA), which requires joint image and language understanding to answer a question about a given photograph. Recent approaches have applied deep image captioning methods based on convolutional-recurrent networks to this problem, but have failed to model spatial inference. To remedy this, we propose a model we call the Spatial Memory Network and apply it to the VQA task. Memory networks are recurrent neural networks with an explicit attention mechanism that selects certain parts of the information stored in memory. Our Spatial Memory Network stores neuron activations from different spatial regions of the image in its memory, and uses the question to choose relevant regions for computing the answer, a process of which constitutes a single "hop" in the network. We propose a novel spatial attention architecture that aligns words with image patches in the first hop, and obtain improved results by adding a second attention hop which considers the whole question to choose visual evidence based on the results of the first hop. To better understand the inference process learned by the network, we design synthetic questions that specifically require spatial inference and visualize the attention weights. We evaluate our model on two published visual question answering datasets, DAQUAR [1] and VQA [2], and obtain improved results compared to a strong deep baseline model (iBOWIMG) which concatenates image and question features to predict the answer [3].
Effect of Boron-Doping on the Graphene Aerogel Used as Cathode for the Lithium–Sulfur Battery (2015)

A porous interconnected 3D boron-doped graphene aerogel (BGA) was prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal treatment. The BGA material was first loaded with sulfur to serve as cathode in lithium-sulfur batteries. Boron was positively polarized on the graphene framework, allowing for chemical adsorption of negative polysufide species. Compared with nitrogen-doped and undoped graphene aerogel, the BGA-S cathode could deliver a higher capacity of 994 mA h g(-1) at 0.2 C after 100 cycles, as well as an outstanding rate capability, which indicated the BGA was an ideal cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries.
Untersuchungen zur Reaktivität von Alkylgruppen heterocyclischer Verbindungen und ihrer funktionellen Derivate II. Oxydation Von Alkyl‐Pyridinen Und Alkyl‐Chinolinen Durch Selendioxyd (1958)

Abstract Eine Reihe von Methylpyridinen, ihren N ‐Oxyden und n‐Butyl‐quartären Verbindungen sowie von Methylchinolinen wird mit Selendioxyd in Pyridin, 3‐Methylpyridin, Isochinolin oder Dioxan unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen selektiv oxydiert. Die Unangreifbarkeit der Methylgruppen in 3‐ bzw. 5‐Stellung wird bestätigt. Eine 4‐ständige Methylgruppe am Pyridinkern reagiert schneller als eine 2‐ständige. Methylgruppen am quartären Pyridinkern sind wesentlich reaktiver als solche am Pyridin. Die entsprechenden Methylpyridin‐ N ‐oxyde reagieren am langsamsten. — Methylpyridin‐ N ‐oxyde bilden je nach Lösungsmittel Pyridin‐aldehyd‐ oder Pyridin‐carbonsäure‐ N ‐oxyde. — Die 3‐ständige Äthylgruppe am Pyridinring ließ sich in Pyridin nicht oxydieren, während 2‐ und 4‐Äthylpyridin sowie 2‐ und 4‐Acetylpyridin die Pyridincarbonsäuren ergaben. 3‐Acetylpyridin konnte so in Pyridin‐3‐glyoxylsäure übergeführt werden.
Strays-insensitive switched-capacitor filters based on bilinear <i>Z</i> -transform (1979)

Biquadratic circuits are introduced which enable the exact design of switched-capacitor filters using the bilinear z-transform. The resulting filters are completely insensitive to stray capacitances, and meet their specifications up to and including one-half the sampling frequency.
Recent advances in understanding West Nile virus host immunity and viral pathogenesis (2018)

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been a significant public health concern in the United States for nearly two decades. The virus has been linked to acute viral encephalitis, neurological sequelae, and chronic kidney diseases. Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are currently available for humans. <i>In vitro</i> cell culture and experimental animal models have been used to study WNV infection in humans. In this review, we will focus on recent findings and provide new insights into WNV host immunity and viral pathogenesis.
"ELEGIA SEPTIMA": THE POET AND THE POEM (1984)

Research Article| January 01 1984 "ELEGIA SEPTIMA": THE POET AND THE POEM Anthony Low Anthony Low Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Milton Studies (1984) 19: 21–35. https://doi.org/10.2307/26395718 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Anthony Low; "ELEGIA SEPTIMA": THE POET AND THE POEM. Milton Studies 1 January 1984; 19 21–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/26395718 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressMilton Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1984 by The Pennsylvania State University. All rights reserved.1984The Pennsylvania State University Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Guanidyl and phosphoraniminyl substituents: New electron donors in second‐order nonlinear optical chromophores (1996)

Improved donor groups for chromophores play a major role in the development of organic materials for nonlinear optics. Guanidyl and phosphoraniminyl residues are examined as donors in one‐dimensional organic nonlinear optical chromophores such as that shown in the Figure. The results of electrooptical absorption (EOAM) and electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) measurements are presented and discussed. magnified image
Efficient hardware for antialiasing coverage mask generation (2004)

An efficient low-cost, low-power hardware implementation of a novel run-time pixel coverage mask generation algorithm for embedded 3D graphics antialiasing purposes is presented. The proposed algorithm can be incorporated in any antialiasing scheme with prefiltering that is based on algebraic representation of primitive's edges. When compared with the state of the art, the described algorithm reduces several times the size of the required hardware implementation due to the utilization of the quadrant symmetry property allowing the storage of only the coverage mask information for a few representative edges in one of the quadrants of the plane, the rest of the information being derived on the fly via computationally inexpensive operations
Novel self‐aligned top‐gate oxide TFT for AMOLED displays (2012)

Abstract— A novel highly reliable self‐aligned top‐gate oxide‐semiconductor thin‐film transistor (TFT) formed by using the aluminum (Al) reaction method has been developed. This TFT structure has advantages such as small‐sized TFTs, lower mask count, and small parasitic capacitance. The TFT with a 4‐μm channel length exhibited a field‐effect mobility of 21.6 cm 2 /V‐sec, a threshold voltage of −1.2 V, and a subthreshold swing of 0.12 V/decade. Highly reliable TFTs were obtained after 300°C annealing without increasing the sheet resistivity of the source/drain region. A 9.9‐in.‐diagonal qHD AMOLED display was demonstrated with self‐aligned top‐gate oxide‐semiconductor TFTs for a low‐cost and ultra‐high‐definition OLED display. Excellent brightness uniformity could be achieved due to small parasitic capacitance.
A LIGHTING DESIGN SYSTEM BASED ON BRIGHTNESS PREDICTED FROM LUMINANCE DISTRIBUTION (2005)

In this study, a luminance image measured in an experimental room was first converted into a brightness image based on the prediction formula proposed by Nakamura et.al. Then the brightness values in the brightness image were checked experimentally by brightness matching test. The result showed there was good correlation between the values in the image and subjective assessments. Finally the probability that the room brightness can be predicted by using the average brightness value in the brightness image of a room was suggested.
Conventional CD8α+ dendritic cells are generally involved in priming CTL immunity to viruses (2004)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in initiating immune responses. Despite this, there is little understanding how different DC subsets contribute to immunity to different pathogens. CD8α+ DC have been shown to prime immunity to HSV. Whether this
Fractal characterization of chromatin appearance for diagnosis in breast cytology (1998)

This study explores the use of fractal analysis in the numerical description of chromatin appearance in breast cytology. Images of nuclei from fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the breast are characterized in terms of their Minkowski and spectral fractal dimensions, for 19 patients with benign epithelial cell lesions and 22 with invasive ductal carcinomas. Chromatin appearance in breast epithelial cell nuclear images is demonstrated to be fractal, suggesting that the three-dimensional chromatin structure in these cells also has fractal properties. A statistically significant difference between the mean spectral dimensions of the benign and malignant cases is demonstrated. The two fractal dimensions are very weakly correlated. A statistically significant difference between the benign and malignant cases in lacunarity, a fractal property characterizing the size of holes or gaps in a texture, is found over a wide range of scales. These differences are particularly pronounced at the smallest and largest scales, corresponding respectively to fine-scale texture, indicating whether chromatin is clumped or fine, and to large-scale structures like nucleoli. Logistic regression and artificial neural network classification models are developed to classify unknown cases on the basis of fractal measures of chromatin texture. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, the best logistic regression classifier correctly diagnoses 95.1 per cent of the cases. The best neural network model can correctly classify all of the cases, but it is unclear whether this is due to overtraining. Fractal dimensions and lacunarity are useful tools for the quantitative characterization of chromatin appearance, and can potentially be incorporated into image analysis devices to assure the quality and reproducibility of diagnosis by breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
Amyloid-β Peptide: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? (2012)

Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is considered a key protein in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of its neurotoxicity and capacity to form characteristic insoluble deposits known as senile plaques. Aβ derives from amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), whose proteolytic processing generates several fragments including Aβ peptides of various lengths. The normal function of AβPP and its fragments remains poorly understood. While some fragments have been suggested to have a function in normal physiological cellular processes, Aβ has been widely considered as a "garbage" fragment that becomes toxic when it accumulates in the brain, resulting in impaired synaptic function and memory. Aβ is produced and released physiologically in the healthy brain during neuronal activity. In the last 10 years, we have been investigating whether Aβ plays a physiological role in the brain. We first demonstrated that picomolar concentrations of a human Aβ42 preparation enhanced synaptic plasticity and memory in mice. Next, we investigated the role of endogenous Aβ in healthy murine brains and found that treatment with a specific antirodent Aβ antibody and an siRNA against murine AβPP impaired synaptic plasticity and memory. The concurrent addition of human Aβ42 rescued these deficits, suggesting that in the healthy brain, physiological Aβ concentrations are necessary for normal synaptic plasticity and memory to occur. Furthermore, the effect of both exogenous and endogenous Aβ was seen to be mediated by modulation of neurotransmitter release and α7-nicotinic receptors. These findings need to be taken into consideration when designing novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
Design of omni-directional underwater robotic vehicle (2002)

Underwater robotic vehicles have been attractive to many applications. Among potential applications of these vehicles include fishery, underwater pollution monitoring, and waste cleaning and handling in the ocean as well as nuclear sites. Over the last decade, there has been increasing R&D effort toward more advanced and intelligent underwater vehicles in support of a variety of applications. In the Autonomous Systems Laboratory, an omni-directional intelligent navigator (ODIN) which has dual (autonomous/remote) operational modes and a mechanical manipulator, was designed as a part of the research in developing a real-time 3D graphic, integrated test platform for advanced vehicle technologies. RSI Research Ltd. manufactured the first model which is described in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel<i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonylation and Thionocarbonylation of Unprotected Thymine Nucleosides (1993)

A new procedure involving the use of both dibutyltin oxide and a quaternary ammonium salt along with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride leads in good yields to the desired monotosylate or to the 2′,3′-O -cyclic thiocarbonate of thymine nucleosides without prior modification of any hydroxyl group. It is noteworthy that with 5-methyl uridine, tosylation occurs regioselectively at the 2′- position, while the 3′-O-tosylate is formed when 5-methyl uridine is substituted on 1′ by a methyl (or cyano) group.
453. New syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part X. 4-Azafluorenones (1949)

V. Petrow, J. Saper and B. Sturgeon, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 2134 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490002134
Identification and Hydrogenation of C<sub>2</sub> on Pt(111) (2005)

Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) were used to identify the molecular species formed upon the reaction of hydrogen with surface carbon that is deposited by exposing acetylene to a Pt(111) surface held at 750 K. At this temperature, the acetylene is completely dehydrogenated and all hydrogen is desorbed from the surface. Upon subsequent hydrogen exposure at 85 K followed by sequential annealing to higher temperatures, ethylidyne (CCH3), ethynyl (CCH), and methylidyne (CH) are formed. The observation of these species indicates that carbon atoms and C2 molecules exist as stable species on the surface over a wide range of temperatures. Through a combination of RAIRS intensities, hydrogen TPD peak areas, and Auger electron spectroscopy, quantitative estimates of the coverages of the various species were obtained. It was found that 79% of the acetylene-derived carbon was in the form of C2 molecules, with the remainder in the form of carbon atoms. Essentially all of the acetylene-derived carbon could be hydrogenated. In contrast, 85% of an equivalent coverage of carbon deposited by ethylene exposure at 750 K was found to be inert toward hydrogenation.
The Safe Sea of Women: Lesbian Fiction 1969-1989. (1991)

Teaching courses in lesbian culture over the past five years, I've become frustratedly aware of how proliferating but disparate and difficult to pin down most of the critical material is. Tracking down the elusive pieces of literary criticism is tantamount to lesbian detecting: articles appear and disappear, and information on their whereabouts depends on having friends in the know. There are signs, however, that the field is cohering into a discrete discipline; 1990 produced two anthologies, the imported Lesbian Texts and Contexts: Radical Revisions, edited by Karla Jay and Joanne Glasgow, and homegrown British Lesbian and Gay Writing, edited by Mark Lilly. Two recent bibliographic references, Out On the Shelves, produced by British librarians in the wake of Section 28, and New Zealander Miriam Saphira's New Lesbian Literature 1980-88, suggest there is also a fictional canon to collect. Galvanized in part by the repressive legislation of the 1980s (soon to be followed by more of the same, no doubt), British and North American lesbian and gay activism has provoked a self-reflective growth in cultural theory. The new decade will see its maturity and expansion already two English universities have held conferences: 'The Future for Lesbian and Gay Studies' (Essex), and 'Questions of Homosexuality' (London). However, it is appropriate that the first book-length genre study
Therapeutic applications for novel non-hypercalcemic vitamin D receptor ligands (2009)

Pharmacokinetic parameters and selective tissue accumulation are related to the therapeutic benefit of non-hypercalcemic vitamin D derivatives. Induction of distinct VDR conformations and cofactor recruitment may be associated with selective actions of non-secosteroidal VDR ligands. Derivatives of lithocholic acid, a newly identified endogenous VDR ligand, are less-calcemic VDR ligands.
Corona Location in Transformers by Radio Frequency Spectrum Analysis II. Application of Technique and Results of Measurements (1970)

This paper gives a detailed account of the practical application of the technique of corona location in transformers by radio frequency spectrum analysis. The measurements are similar to the usual NEMA corona measurements taken at the bushing tap with a radio noise meter, except an X-Y recorder is used to plot the corona frequency spectrum and a current probe used at the neutral. The theory outlined in Part I is verified by extensive measurements taken from a model transformer using a pulse generator to represent a corona source, and by computer analysis of simulated transformer networks and by practical results.
MIRAGE WF infrared scene projector system, with 1536 x 768 wide format resistive array, performance data (2009)

MIRAGE WF is the latest high definition version of the MIRAGE infrared scene projector product line from Santa Barbara Infrared Inc. (SBIR). MIRAGE WF is being developed under the Wide Format Resistive Array (WFRA) program. The WFRA development is one of several efforts within the Infrared Sensor Simulator - Preplanned Product Improvement (IRSS P3I) umbrella funded by the Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) and led by the US Navy at Patuxent River, MD. Three MIRAGE WF infrared scene projection systems are being delivered as part of the WFRA program. The main differences between the MIRAGE XL (1024x1024) and MIRAGE WF are a 1536x768 emitter array and 100Hz true raster capability. The key emitter requirements that have been measured and will be discussed include: Operability, Maximum Apparent Temperature, Rise Time and Array Uniformity. Key System specifications are: 1536x768 pixels, maximum apparent temperature of 600K, maximum frame rate of 100Hz, raster and snap shot updating, radiance rise and fall time less than 5 ms and windowed mode (1024x768) operation at up to 200 Hz.
Fabrication and properties of microwave lithium ferrites (1972)

Lithium ferrites are low-cost materials which are attractive for microwave device applications. For a number of years these materials have been prominent in the computer core industry because of excellent temperature performance and the squareness of their hysteresis loops. Previous attempts at exploiting lithium ferrites for microwave applications have met with limited success. Properties which required further improvements were the dielectric and magnetic loss tangents, anisotropy, coercive force, and density. This paper reports primarily the development of microwave <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> - and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</tex> -band lithium ferrites with substantially improved properties, comparable to those of the more expensive ferrimagnetic garnets currently in use. Extensive applications are also expected for higher frequencies up to and including K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</inf> band. Because a number of factors can affect the performance of microwave devices, the lithium ferrites reported herein are heavily doped to optimize the numerous properties of interest. The following additives were employed: 1) Ti-to tailor saturation magnetization for various frequencies; 2) Zn-for its beneficial effects on coercive force, magnetic loss, and densification; 3) Mn-to decrease the dielectric loss, improve the remanence, and reduce the stress sensitivity of the remanence; 4) Co-to provide a range of spinwave linewidths ; 5) Ni-for increased remanence ; and 6) Bi (the most important additive)-to increase the densification at low firing temperatures and thereby provide low dielectric loss and low coercive force. The microwave lithium ferrites offer a high degree of latitude for tailoring various parameters for special device requirements. However, the optimization of selected properties is sometimes accomplished at the expense of other properties. Although this investigation was directed mainly toward applications for latching devices, lithium ferrites have been altered for use in a variety of devices such as limiters and circulators. The requirements for ferrite materials in latching phasers are reviewed, the compositional factors which result in useful properties are discussed, and performance in circulators and latching phasers is reported.