gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B7-H4 overexpression contributes to poor prognosis and drug-resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (2018)

Our data show that B7-H4 is a biomarker indicative of a poor prognosis in TNBC patients and at least partially downregulated in chemoresistance via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Targeting B7-H4 might provide an attractive therapeutic approach specifically for TNBC patients.
Cloning, expression analysis, and chromosomal localization of murine and human homologues of aXenopus Mix gene (2000)

We report the cloning and chromosomal localization of murine and human Mix genes, members of a subclass of paired-like homeobox genes of which the Xenopus laevis Mix.1 gene is the founding member. The murine Mix gene was mapped to the distal region of chromosome 1 and the human region to the syntenic region 1q41-42. Northern analysis and RT-PCR of murine adult and embryonic tissues demonstrated that Mix expression was restricted to the early embryo. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed patchy but symmetrical Mix expression in visceral endoderm of embryonic day (E)5.5 embryos. In slightly older embryos, the expression was skewed to one side of the embryo and by E6.5, at the onset of gastrulation, expression was seen in the epiblast, visceral endoderm, nascent mesoderm, and the primitive streak. This expression pattern was maintained in mid- and late-streak embryos. In early bud-stage embryos, expression was strongest in the proximal two thirds of the streak, extending to the base of the allantois. By the headfold-stage, expression was confined to the remnant of the primitive streak in the caudal region of the embryo and, after E8.0, in the caudal notochord and tail bud mesoderm. Mix transcripts were no longer detectable after embryonic day 9.5.
Highly sensitive coherent optical frequency-domain reflectometry employing SSB-modulator with cm-level spatial resolution over 5 km (2007)

We present OFDR employing an SSB-modulator and a narrow linewidth fibre-laser. We achieved cm-level resolution over 5 km measurement range and high sensitivity with a noise level 23 dB lower than the Rayleigh backscatter level. (2 pages)
FDD Massive MIMO Based on Efficient Downlink Channel Reconstruction (2019)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output systems deploying a large number of antennas at the base station considerably increase the spectrum efficiency by serving multiple users simultaneously without causing severe interference. However, the advantage relies on the availability of the downlink channel state information (CSI) of multiple users, which is still a challenge in frequency-division-duplex transmission systems. This paper aims to solve this problem by developing a full transceiver framework that includes downlink channel training (or estimation), CSI feedback, and channel reconstruction schemes. Our framework provides accurate reconstruction results for multiple users with small amounts of training and feedback overhead. Specifically, we first develop an enhanced Newtonized orthogonal matching pursuit (eNOMP) algorithm to extract the frequency-independent parameters (i.e., downtilts, azimuths, and delays) from the uplink. Then, by leveraging the information from these frequency-independent parameters, we develop an efficient downlink training scheme to estimate the downlink channel gains for multiple users. This training scheme offers an acceptable estimation error rate of the gains with a limited pilot amount. Numerical results verify the precision of the eNOMP algorithm and demonstrate that the sum-rate performance of the system using the reconstructed downlink channel can approach that of the system using perfect CSI.
The significance of controlled conditions in lentiviral vector titration and in the use of multiplicity of infection (MOI) for predicting gene transfer events (2004)

BACKGROUND: Although lentiviral vectors have been widely used for in vitro and in vivo gene therapy researches, there have been few studies systematically examining various conditions that may affect the determination of the number of viable vector particles in a vector preparation and the use of Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) as a parameter for the prediction of gene transfer events. METHODS: Lentiviral vectors encoding a marker gene were packaged and supernatants concentrated. The number of viable vector particles was determined by in vitro transduction and fluorescent microscopy and FACs analyses. Various factors that may affect the transduction process, such as vector inoculum volume, target cell number and type, vector decay, variable vector - target cell contact and adsorption periods were studied. MOI between 0-32 was assessed on commonly used cell lines as well as a new cell line. RESULTS: We demonstrated that the resulting values of lentiviral vector titre varied with changes of conditions in the transduction process, including inoculum volume of the vector, the type and number of target cells, vector stability and the length of period of the vector adsorption to target cells. Vector inoculum and the number of target cells determine the frequencies of gene transfer event, although not proportionally. Vector exposure time to target cells also influenced transduction results. Varying these parameters resulted in a greater than 50-fold differences in the vector titre from the same vector stock. Commonly used cell lines in vector titration were less sensitive to lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer than a new cell line, FRL 19. Within 0-32 of MOI used transducing four different cell lines, the higher the MOI applied, the higher the efficiency of gene transfer obtained. CONCLUSION: Several variables in the transduction process affected in in vitro vector titration and resulted in vastly different values from the same vector stock, thus complicating the use of MOI for predicting gene transfer events. Commonly used target cell lines underestimated vector titre. However, within a certain range of MOI, it is possible that, if strictly controlled conditions are observed in the vector titration process, including the use of a sensitive cell line, such as FRL 19 for vector titration, lentivector-mediated gene transfer events could be predicted.
Ranking-based Clustering on General Heterogeneous Information Networks by Network Projection (2014)

Recently there is an increasing attention in heterogeneous information network analysis, which models networked data as networks including different types of objects and relations. Many data mining tasks have been exploited in heterogeneous networks, among which clustering and ranking are two basic tasks. These two tasks are usually done separately, whereas recent researches show that they can mutually enhance each other. Unfortunately, these works are limited to heterogeneous networks with special structures (e.g. bipartite or star-schema network). However, real data are more complex and irregular, so it is desirable to design a general method to manage objects and relations in heterogeneous networks with arbitrary schema. In this paper, we study the ranking-based clustering problem in a general heterogeneous information network and propose a novel solution HeProjI. HeProjI projects a general heterogeneous network into a sequence of sub-networks and an information transfer mechanism is designed to keep the consistency among sub-networks. For each sub-network, a path-based random walk model is built to estimate the reachable probability of objects which can be used for clustering and ranking analysis. Iteratively analyzing each sub-network leads to effective ranking-based clustering. Extensive experiments on three real datasets illustrate that HeProjI can achieve better clustering and ranking performances compared to other well-established algorithms.
Simulation and analysis of solenoidal ion sources (2008)

We present a detailed analysis and simulation of solenoidal, magnetically confined electron bombardment ion sources, aimed at molecular beam detection. The aim is to achieve high efficiency for singly ionized species while minimizing multiple ionization. Electron space charge plays a major role and we apply combined ray tracing and finite element simulations to determine the properties of a realistic geometry. The factors controlling electron injection and ion extraction are discussed. The results from simulations are benchmarked against experimental measurements on a prototype source.
Seeding With Omental Cells Prevents Late Neointimal Hyperplasia in Small-Diameter Dacron Grafts (1995)

Seeding with omental cells prevents development of late neointimal hyperplasia of small diameter prosthetic vascular grafts in a canine model.
Ultrahigh Responsivity and Detectivity Graphene–Perovskite Hybrid Phototransistors by Sequential Vapor Deposition (2017)

In this work, graphene-methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>) perovskite hybrid phototransistors fabricated by sequential vapor deposition are demonstrated. Ultrahigh responsivity of 1.73 × 10<sup>7</sup> A W<sup>-1</sup> and detectivity of 2 × 10<sup>15</sup> Jones are achieved, with extremely high effective quantum efficiencies of about 10<sup>8</sup>% in the visible range (450-700 nm). This excellent performance is attributed to the ultra-flat perovskite films grown by vapor deposition on the graphene sheets. The hybrid structure of graphene covered with uniform perovskite has high exciton separation ability under light exposure, and thus efficiently generates photocurrents. This paper presents photoluminescence (PL) images along with statistical analysis used to study the photo-induced exciton behavior. Both uniform and dramatic PL intensity quenching has been observed over entire measured regions, consistently demonstrating excellent exciton separation in the devices.
Ferrod radiator systems (2005)

A description is given of the use of ferrimagnetic dielectric rods, to be referred to as ferrods, as end-fire elements of broadside X-band antenna array systems. The high dielectric constant of 13.6 has made possible a single ferrod radiator 0.24 inch in diameter and 4.5 inches long having a pencil beam 25 degrees wide and a gain of 40. The back lobes are negligible and the side lobes are at least 20 db down. Either linear or circular polarization is used. Practical broad-band array design data and radiation patterns are given for ferrod spacings of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.5 \lambda_{o}</tex> in air and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda_{g}</tex> in the waveguide. This dimension is approximately 1.8 inches. A cavity-feed arrangement is also described for high gain ferrod arrays, which allows adjustment of impedance match and amplitude of one ferrod without disturbing the others. In addition to the dielectric properties, the ferrimagnetic properties are used by applications of small longitudinal magnetic fields to the ferrite-filled cylindrical feed section. This field is used to switch the radiation on and off, rotate the plane of polarization, change the radiation modes, and vary the phase of the propagating wave. Simple high speed magnetic lobing and scanning arrays are described. Scanning speeds at megacycle rates are indicated. Circular and spiral scans are also obtained. In order to utilize the small size of the ferrod antenna system, microwave switches, circulators and phase shifters were designed employing ferrite-filled cylindrical waveguide. The longitudinal magnetic field required, for actuating the devices, is of the order of a few oersteds. This is the optimum configuration for applying the magnetic field, as the ferrite demagnetizing factor is low and the filling factor of the solenoid is almost unity. The antenna systems described constitute a first step in the development of an improved concept in reducing the size of microwave radar antennas. These first efforts were directed toward the problem of relatively low power, highly portable radars and radar beacons. It is conceivable that for wide angle scan applications a combination of ferrod lobing or scanning systems with additional mechanical motion would prove to be of optimum design. Long ferrod arrays to produce beam widths much smaller than one degree offer possible advantages over other systems of similar characteristics. Some of the advantages would be cost of construction, simplicity of design and ability to adjust each radiating element in the array independently. Arrays of this type should be of particular interest for work in radio astronomy.
Fabrication of large diffractive optical elements in thick film on a concave lens surface (2003)

We demonstrate experimentally the technique of fabricating large diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in thick film on a concave lens surface (mirrors) with precise alignment by using the strategy of double exposure. We adopt the method of double exposure to overcome the difficulty of processing thick photoresist on a large curved substrate. A uniform thick film with arbitrary thickness on a concave lens can be obtained with this technique. We fabricate a large concentric circular grating with a 10-ìm period on a concave lens surface in film with a thickness of 2.0 ìm after development. It is believed that this technique can also be used to fabricate larger DOEs in thicker film on the concave or convex lens surface with precise alignment. There are other potential applications of this technique, such as fabrication of micro-optoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and fabrication of microlens arrays on a large concave lens surface or convex lens surface with precise alignment.
Information systems: an integral part of future vehicles (2002)

The author suggests how the driving experience might be improved by providing drivers with information brought onboard the vehicle by compact disc and transmitted to and from the vehicle through appropriate communication links. He suggests three possible feature sets-cellular telephone enhancements, travel assistance, and business/professional. He offers several travel assistance features as solutions to anticipated traffic congestion problems. He contends that historic solutions of additional roadway construction will not be possible. He stresses the need for cooperation between the automotive, electronic component, and government traffic agencies in order that the most cost-effective solutions be implemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Histology of Lung Cancer (1955)

With the great advances in thoracic surgery, radical excision for pulmonary carcinoma has become a relatively safe and frequent operation, offering to the patient new hope of cure. However, if the results of operative treatment are to be accurately assessed, the ordinary gross pathology must be carefully and fully recorded, for it is of little use comparing survival rates unless attention is paid not only to the different histological types of growth, but also to anatomical factors such as location, size, and site of origin, which can seriously affect the outcome.
Haptic Robot-assisted Surgery Improves Accuracy of Wide Resection of Bone Tumors: A Pilot Study (2012)

Haptic robot-assisted technology has the potential to enhance primary bone tumor resection. Further bench and clinical studies, including comparisons with recently introduced computer navigation technology, are warranted.
Human Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Shares Structural and Functional Homologies with <i>E. coli</i> Protease III (1988)

A proteinase with high affinity for insulin has been proposed to play a role in the cellular processing of this hormone. A complementary DNA (cDNA) coding for this enzyme has been isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme contained the sequences of 13 peptides derived from the isolated protein. The cDNA could be transcribed in vitro to yield a synthetic RNA that in cell-free translations produced a protein that coelectrophoresed with the native proteinase and could be immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies to this enzyme. The deduced sequence of this proteinase did not contain the consensus sequences for any of the known classes of proteinases (that is, metallo, cysteine, aspartic, or serine), but it did show homology to an Escherichia coli proteinase (called protease III), which also cleaves insulin and is present in the periplasmic space. Thus, these two proteins may be members of a family of proteases that are involved in intercellular peptide signaling.
Unidirectional coupling of radiation out of a composite dielectric waveguide (1989)

An analysis is made of the emission of light from a composite system representing a thin film on the surface of a corrugated diffused waveguide. Expressions are obtained for the radiative light losses in this waveguide. There is no emission of light into the substrate for certain relationships between the amplitudes and phases of the corrugations at the interfaces between the film and the adjoining medium and between the film and the waveguide. Numerical estimates of the losses are obtained for a case of practical importance, which is a corrugated diffused waveguide in glass with a film of Nb2O5 on the surface. A report is given of an experiment in which a grating was formed for coupling radiation out of a composite Cs+-diffused waveguide coated by a film of Nb2O5, which was capable of preferential (80%) emission of radiation into air, and in the presence of an immersion liquid ensured practically unidirectional coupling out of radiation into air.
Immunosuppresive boronic acid dipeptides: correlation between conformation and activity (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmunosuppresive boronic acid dipeptides: correlation between conformation and activityTerence A. Kelly, Julian Adams, William W. Bachovchin, Randall W. Barton, Scot J. Campbell, Simon J. Coutts, Charles A. Kennedy, and Roger J. SnowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 26, 12637–12638Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00079a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00079a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spark Plasma Sintered MAX Phase Ternary Alloys for Sliding Electrical Contacts. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Gas-filled polymers. III. Mechanical behavior of polycarbonate and poly(vinyl chloride) (1973)

Gasification behavior and its effects on mechanical properties were determined for amorphous polycarbonate (PC) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Nitrogen-gasified PC and PVC exhibit interior regions containing gas bubbles surrounded by surface layers of void-free polymer, while in the helium-gasified polymers no gas bubbles could be observed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the bubbles in nitrogengasified PC indicate that the bubble walls are smooth and featureless (in contrast to the diffuse walls with fibrils of polymer extending into the bubbles observed previously in gasified polyethylene). For both PC and PVC, neither the yield stress nor the elongation to fracture showed any appreciable variation between gasified and ungasified material. The lack of a significant effect of gas bubbles on the drawing behavior in these glassy polymers stands in contrast with the pronounced effect noted with semicrystalline polyethylene. The origin of this difference in behavior and its relation to the crystallization process in polyethylene are discussed.
Surface Plasmon Radiation Forces (2006)

We report the first experimental observation of momentum transfer from a surface plasmon to a single dielectric sphere. Using a photonic force microscope, we measure the plasmon radiation forces on different polystyrene beads as a function of their distance from the metal surface. We show that the force magnitude at resonance is strongly enhanced compared to a nonresonant illumination. Measurements performed as a function of the probe particle size indicate that optical manipulation by plasmon fields has a strong potential for optical sorting.
Current/voltage characteristic of CuInSe <sub>2</sub> homojunctions (1985)

Temperature-dependent forward-current/voltage characteristics of In- and Bi-diffused CuInSe2 homojunctions have been investigated over a temperature range from 200 to 300 K. It has been found that the junction current in the medium voltage range was dominated by the recombination mechanism in the depletion region. The activation energy of saturation current was about 0.95 eV, which is consistent with the energy gap value of crystalline CuInSe2.
Tradeoffs in Probabilistic Packet Marking for IP Traceback TITLE2 (2001)

Recently, a number of probabilistic packet marking schemes have been proposed for the problem of tracing a sequence of packets back to an anonymous source. This paper introduces a new technique for marking that applies when the packets are all sent along the same path. This new technique allows this path to be traced even when there is only a single bit in the header allocated to the marking scheme. If the path is encoded using $n$ bits, then with this scheme, for any constant $\epsilon < 0$, the number of packets required to reconstruct the path is $O((2+\epsilon)^{2n})$. We also demonstrate that $\Omega(2^n)$ packets are necessary if only one bit is used. To contrast our new technique with existing protocols, we demonstrate that all existing protocols belong to a class of algorithms for which at least $\log n$ bits are required. We also study the tradeoff between $b$, the number of header bits used, and the number of packets required. We provide a protocol such that $O(b n^2 2^b (2+\epsilon)^{4n/2^b})$ packets are sufficient, for any constant $\epsilon < 0$. This protocol is simple enough to be quite effective in practice. We also provide an information theoretic lower bound demonstrating that $\Omega(2^b 2^{n/2^b})$ packets are necessary. These are the first results concerning optimal tradeoffs in probabilistic packet marking.
Fluorous Nanodroplets Structurally Confined in an Organopalladium Sphere (2006)

The distinct properties of fluorous phases are practically useful for separation, purification, and reaction control in organic synthesis. Here, we report the formation of a liquid-like fluorous droplet, composed of 24 perfluoroalkyl chains confined in the interior of a 5-nanometer-sized, roughly spherical shell that spontaneously assembled in solution from 12 palladium ions and 24 bridging ligands. Crystallographic analysis confirmed the rigid shell framework and amorphous interior. Perfluoroalkanes can dissolve in this well-defined fluorous phase, whereas they can hardly dissolve in a surrounding polar organic solution, and their solubility (up to approximately eight perfluoroalkane molecules per spherical complex) can be finely controlled by tuning the length of perfluoroalkyl chains tethered to the shell.