gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvements for Color Dithering (1995)

This paper discusses possible extensions of error-diffusion dithering algorithms for color devices that give a more accurate reproduction of colors than previous algorithms. The main difference of the method presented here and others is that usually color channels are regarded separately, whereas we look at them together as one color value that is used to select the closest output color. This alone results in more accurate color reproduction and less ink consumption. In addition, with the advent of better printing technology, error-diffusion dithering can be used to avoid loss of resolution in favor of more levels of gray or color.
Folate and DNA Methylation (2012)

The potential for folate to modulate DNA methylation and, thus, modify the risk of cancer in humans is worthy of further investigation. Due to the complex relationship between folate exposure and DNA methylation, more elaborate epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies that determine the clinical, biological, and molecular effects of folate are warranted.
Theranostic CuS nanoparticles targeting folate receptors for PET image-guided photothermal therapy (2015)

Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) have been reported as a single-compartment theranostic nanosystem to visualize and treat tumors simultaneously. However, few studies have investigated the <i>in vivo</i> tumor-targeted delivery of this class of nanoparticles. In this study, we introduced a tumor-specific targeting ligand, folic acid (FA), onto the surface of CuS NPs as a model system to demonstrate the feasibility of actively targeted CuS NPs for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and PET image-guided photothermal therapy (PTT). A one-pot synthetic method was used for introducing FA to CuS NPs to yield FA-CuS NPs. Biodistribution studies in mice bearing folate receptor-expressing KB tumor showed significantly higher tumor uptake of FA-CuS NPs than non-targeted polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated PEG-CuS NPs after intravenous injection. Moreover, tumor uptake of FA-CuS NPs could be effectively blocked by free FA. Biodistribution and clearance of <sup>64</sup>Cu-labeled FA-CuS NPs (FA-[<sup>64</sup>Cu]CuS NPs) could be readily visualized by microPET (μPET), which confirmed a significantly higher level of tumor uptake of FA-[<sup>64</sup>Cu]CuS NPs than non-targeted PEG-[<sup>64</sup>Cu]CuS NPs. μPET image-guided PTT with FA-CuS NPs mediated substantially greater tumor damage compared with PTT mediated by PEG-CuS NPs. Thus, FA-CuS NPs is a promising candidate for PTT of folate receptor-positive tumors.
Detection of trellis-coded modulation on time-dispersive channels (2002)

Bandwidth efficient trellis coded modulation (TCM) is frequently used in digital communication to reduce the required signal-to-noise ratio for achieving a specified error rate without bandwidth expansion. In time-dispersive channels, however, effective equalization techniques have to be used in order to reduce the intersymbol interference (ISI) at the input of the decoder. A new technique for detecting TCM signals on time-dispersive channels is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed technique achieves a significant gain in noise margin over a receiver which uses conventional DFE and Viterbi decoder. An analytical upper bound of the proposed technique is also derived, which, although requiring numerical approximation for evaluation, are tight for a wide range of time-dispersive channels.
Dynamic Stability of the Fringe-Field Switching Liquid Crystal Cell Depending on Dielectric Anisotropy of a Liquid Crystal (2003)

A voltage-dependent transmittance curve of the fringe-field switching (FFS) mode was studied with varying dielectric anisotropy of a liquid crystal (LC). The results show that for the LC with positive dielectric anisotropy the disclination lines existing between domains extend into the active region with increasing voltage over the operating voltage, whereas their width becomes smaller with increasing voltage for the LC with negative dielectric anisotropy. This indicates that the LC with negative dielectric anisotropy shows strong dynamic stability in the FFS mode, which can be a great advantage when fabricating microdisplays.
Function of the CD4 and CD8 molecules on human cytotoxic T lymphocytes: regulation of T cell triggering. (1986)

The function of the T cell differentiation antigens CD4 (Leu-3/T4) and CD8 (Leu-2/T8) on human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is presently seen only in conjugate formation between CTL and target cell via class II or class I MHC antigens rather than in the later killing steps. In this study, human CD4+ and CD8+ CTL clones were used to investigate the effects of monoclonal antibodies against these differentiation antigens on nonspecific triggering of cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was induced either by antibodies against the CD3 (T3) antigen or by the lectins Con A and PHA. Anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies specifically inhibited all types of cytotoxicity of CD4+ or CD8+ CTL, respectively, regardless of the specificity of the CTL for class I or class II HLA antigens and regardless of whether target cells expressed class I or class II antigens. These results are incompatible with an exclusive role of the CD4 and CD8 molecules in MHC class recognition and are discussed with respect to a function as negative signal receptors for these molecules on CTL.
Graph partitioning for high-performance scientific simulations (2003)

Algorithms that find good partitionings of unstructured and irregular graphs are critical for the efficient execution of scientific simulations on high performance parallel computers. This paper presents an overview of graph partitioning algorithms. Recent developments in graph partitioning for adaptive and dynamic simulations, as well as partitioning algorithms for sophisticated simulations such as multi-phase, multi-physics, and multi-mesh computations are also discussed.
An improved superconducting neural circuit and its application for a neural network solving a combinatorial optimization problem (2014)

We have proposed a superconducting Hopfield-type neural network for solving the N-Queens problem which is one of combinatorial optimization problems. The sigmoid-shape function of a neuron output is represented by the output of coupled SQUIDs gate consisting of a single-junction and a double-junction SQUIDs. One of the important factors for an improvement of the network performance is an improvement of a threshold characteristic of a neuron circuit. In this paper, we report an improved design of coupled SQUID gates for a superconducting neural network. A step-like function with a steep threshold at a rising edge is desirable for a neuron circuit to solve a combinatorial optimization problem. A neuron circuit is composed of two coupled SQUIDs gates with a cascade connection in order to obtain such characteristics. The designed neuron circuit is fabricated by a 2.5 kA/cm2 Nb/AlOx/Nb process. The operation of a fabricated neuron circuit is experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, we discuss about the performance of the neural network using the improved neuron circuits and delayed negative self-connections.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF INDAZOLES VIA 2,3‐DIHYDROINDAZOLES (1976)

Abstract Aus den Aminoketonen (I) entstehen mit Boranat bzw. Methylmagnesiumjodid die Carbinole (II), die mit Nitrit und Zinn(II)‐chlorid über die Diazoniumsalze zu den Hydrazinen (III) in mittleren Ausbeuten reduziert werden.
AMINES DERIVED FROM 3,3-DIPHENYL-2-BUTANONE AND 2,2-DIPHENYLCYCLOHEXANONE (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAMINES DERIVED FROM 3,3-DIPHENYL-2-BUTANONE AND 2,2-DIPHENYLCYCLOHEXANONEHAROLD E. ZAUGG, MORRIS FREIFELDER, and BRUCE W. HORROMCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 6, 1191–1196Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01152a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01152a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Über die kondensation von phenolen mit formaldehyd in gegenwart von säure (1953)

Abstract Bei der sauren Kondensation verschiedener Phenole mit Formaldehyd konnten Methylolverbindungen isoliert werden. Ein qualitativer Vergleich der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten der sauren Kondensation von 2, 4‐Dimethylphenol mit Formaldehyd und der Kondensation von 3,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐oxybenzylalkohol mit 2,4‐Dimethylphenol ergab für die letztere Reaktion eine größere Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, was die Annahme einer Methylolverbindung als Zwischenstufe der Novolakbildung bekräftigt. Auch beim m‐Xylol bzw. dem 2,4‐Dimethylbenzylalkohol wurden entsprechende Untersuchungen durchge führt. An verschiedenen, in p‐ und beiden o‐Stellungen substituierten Phenolen wurde eine Kondensation des Formaldehyds in m‐Stellung zur Hydroxylgruppe festgestellt und die entsprechenden Chlormethylverbindungen sowie hieraus Derivate hergestellt. Bei der Chlorierung des 2,4‐Dimethylphenols wurde eine 5‐Chlorverbindung gewonnen. Die Darstellung des Mesitols wird beschrieben.
Nanocrystal‐Mediated Crystallization of Silicon and Germanium Nanowires in Organic Solvents: The Role of Catalysis and Solid‐Phase Seeding (2006)

The top seed: Various metal nanocrystals are studied as crystallization seeds for silicon and germanium nanowires. The wires are grown by decomposing silane or germane reactants in supercritical organic solvents. Co and Ni nanocrystals promote the seeding of high-quality nanowires and catalyze reactant decomposition under the reaction conditions.
A Diversification Strategy for South Asia (2021)

While South Asia has gone a long way in diversifying their economies, there is substantial scope to do more. Some countries – India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka – can build on their existing production capabilities; others – Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the Maldives – would need to undertake a more concerted push. We identify key policies from a large set of potential determinants that explain the variation in export diversification and complexity across 189 countries from 1962 to 2018. Our analysis suggests that South Asia needs to invest in infrastructure, education, and R&D, facilitate bank credit to productive companies, and open to trade in order to diversify and move up the value chains. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, investing in digital technologies as part of the infrastructure push and improving education are of even greater importance to facilitate the ability to work remotely and assist resource reallocation away from the less viable sectors.
Strategies for the Assessment of Protein Aggregates in Pharmaceutical Biotech Product Development (2010)

Within the European Immunogenicity Platform (EIP) ( http://www.e-i-p.eu ), the Protein Characterization Subcommittee (EIP-PCS) has been established to discuss and exchange experience of protein characterization in relation to unwanted immunogenicity. In this commentary, we, as representatives of EIP-PCS, review the current state of methods for analysis of protein aggregates. Moreover, we elaborate on why these methods should be used during product development and make recommendations to the biotech community with regard to strategies for their application during the development of protein therapeutics.
All-optical phase regeneration of 40Gbit/s DPSK signals in a black-box phase sensitive amplifier (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. Parmigiani, R. Slavík, J. Kakande, C. Lundström, M. Sjödin, P. Andrekson, R. Weerasuriya, S. Sygletos, A. D. Ellis, L. Grüner-Nielsen, D. Jakobsen, S. Herstrøm, R. Phelan, J. O'Gorman, A. Bogris, D. Syvridis, S. Dasgupta, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, "All-optical phase regeneration of 40Gbit/s DPSK signals in a black-box phase sensitive amplifier," in National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper PDPC3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Defining Structural and Functional Dimensions of the Extracellular Thyrotropin Receptor Region (2011)

The extracellular region of the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) can be subdivided into the leucine-rich repeat domain (LRRD) and the hinge region. Both the LRRD and the hinge region interact with thyrotropin (TSH) or autoantibodies. Structural data for the TSHR LRRD were previously determined by crystallization (amino acids Glu(30)-Thr(257), 10 repeats), but the structure of the hinge region is still undefined. Of note, the amino acid sequence (Trp(258)-Tyr(279)) following the crystallized LRRD comprises a pattern typical for leucine-rich repeats with conserved hydrophobic side chains stabilizing the repeat fold. Moreover, functional data for amino acids between the LRRD and the transmembrane domain were fragmentary. We therefore investigated systematically these TSHR regions by mutagenesis to reveal insights into their functional contribution and potential structural features. We found that mutations of conserved hydrophobic residues between Thr(257) and Tyr(279) cause TSHR misfold, which supports a structural fold of this peptide, probably as an additional leucine-rich repeat. Furthermore, we identified several new mutations of hydrophilic amino acids in the entire hinge region leading to partial TSHR inactivation, indicating that these positions are important for intramolecular signal transduction. In summary, we provide new information regarding the structural features and functionalities of extracellular TSHR regions. Based on these insights and in context with previous results, we suggest an extracellular activation mechanism that supports an intramolecular agonistic unit as a central switch for activating effects at the extracellular region toward the serpentine domain.
Complete analysis of genes and enzymes for ?-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation in Sphingomonas paucimobilis UT26 (1999)

gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH; also called BHC or lindane) is one of the highly chlorinated pesticides which can cause serious environmental problems. Sphingomonas paucimobilis UT26 degrades gamma-HCH under aerobic conditions. The unique degradation pathway of gamma-HCH in UT26 is revealed. In the upstream pathway, gamma-HCH is transformed to 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone (2,5-DCHQ) by two different dehalogenases (LinA and LinB) and one dehydrogenase (LinC) which are expressed constitutively. In the downstream pathway, 2,5-DCHQ is reductively dehalogenated, and then ring-cleaved by enzymes (LinD and LinE, respectively) whose expressions are regulated. We have cloned and sequenced five structural genes (linA, linB, linC, linD, and linE) directly involved in this degradation pathway. The linD and linE genes form an operon, and its expression is positively regulated by the LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LinR). The genes linA, linB, and linC are constitutively expressed, and are present separately from each other in the UT26 genome. Cell fractionation analysis, Western blotting, and immuno electron microscopy revealed that LinA and LinB are localized in the periplasmic space of UT26.
The role of cerebral lateralization in expression of spatial cognition (1993)

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HIGH SCHOOLS THAT WORK: PROGRAM DESCRIPTION, LITERATURE REVIEW, AND RESEARCH FINDINGS (2011)

ABSTRACT Interest in setting high educational standards is at the forefront of many school reform programs in the United States. States' pursuit of high standards can be advanced through implementation of programs such as High Schools That Work ( HSTW ), which emphasizes high expectations and rigorous academics for all students, including Career and Technical Education students. High Schools That Work is the largest comprehensive school reform program for high schools in the United States, with over 1,000 schools in more than 30 states currently participating. This report describes the program, previous research, and recent research studies conducted by ETS to ensure validity for the HSTW program.
SPREADING OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE FRONTAL BONE SECONDARY TO DISEASE OF THE FRONTAL SINUS: WITH A PRELIMINARY REPORT AS TO BACTERIOLOGY AND SPECIFIC TREATMENT (1937)

Lillie<sup>1</sup>in 1925 reviewed the literature on osteomyelitis of the cranial bones secondary to operations on the paranasal sinuses and reported two cases, including the observations at necropsy. Bulson<sup>2</sup>in 1925 reviewed the reports of cases of osteomyelitis of the skull as a complication of frontal sinusitis which had appeared in the literature for the previous thirty years. He collected reports of fifty-five cases, with thirty-seven deaths, a mortality of 67 per cent. Further analysis of Bulson's statistics revealed twenty-eight cases of complicated chronic frontal sinusitis with a mortality of 75 per cent, and twenty-seven cases of complicated acute frontal sinusitis with a mortality of 60 per cent; twenty-six patients had osteomyelitis previous to the first operation. In regard to the bacteria present, he reported one case in which pneumococci were found but the patient recovered, five in which streptococci were isolated and all the patients died and fourteen in
Four-wave Mixing in Integrated Silicon Nitride Waveguides (2009)

We demonstrate four-wave mixing in silicon nitride waveguides with −7.1 dB conversion efficiency between the signal and idler. We observe no evidence of nonlinear losses with pump powers as high as 110 W.
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2010)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are two common diseases among men aged over 50. Population or community-based epidemiologic studies have shown higher prevalence of male ED among men with LUTS associated with BPH. The exact mechanisms are unclear, but nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signal may be involved in the common pathway in the pathogenesis via smooth muscle relaxation control. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have become the mainstay treatment of choice for male ED since the launch of sildenafil citrate in 1998. However, more evidence has shown that men receiving PDE5 inhibitors for their ED treatment have also benefited from improvement on their LUTS. Early randomized clinical studies has shown that daily dosing with PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil) could improve the irritative or obstructive symptoms based on reduction in the International Prostate Symptom Score but had little effect on uroflow rate or post-voiding residuals. The combined use of PDE5 inhibitors and α-blockers has revealed more promising results on LUTS alleviation, but the safety profiles of this kind of combined use should be further evaluated and confirmed by greater-scale, randomized and comparative clinical studies.
Structural Intermediates during α-Synuclein Fibrillogenesis on Phospholipid Vesicles (2012)

α-Synuclein (AS) fibrils are the main protein component of Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease and other related disorders. AS forms helices that bind phospholipid membranes with high affinity, but no atomic level data for AS aggregation in the presence of lipids is yet available. Here, we present direct evidence of a conversion from α-helical conformation to β-sheet fibrils in the presence of anionic phospholipid vesicles and direct conversion to β-sheet fibrils in their absence. We have trapped intermediate states throughout the fibril formation pathways to examine the structural changes using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The comparison between mature AS fibrils formed in aqueous buffer and those derived in the presence of anionic phospholipids demonstrates no major changes in the overall fibril fold. However, a site-specific comparison of these fibrillar states demonstrates major perturbations in the N-terminal domain with a partial disruption of the long β-strand located in the 40s and small perturbations in residues located in the "non-β amyloid component" (NAC) domain. Combining all these results, we propose a model for AS fibrillogenesis in the presence of phospholipid vesicles.
Proliferation and Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Grown on Chitosan Hydrogel (2015)

Applied tissue engineering in regenerative medicine warrants our enhanced understanding of the biomaterials and its function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferation and differentiation potential of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) grown on chitosan hydrogel. The stability of this hydrogel is pH-dependent and its swelling property is pivotal in providing a favorable matrix for cell growth. The study utilized an economical method of cross linking the chitosan with 0.5% glutaraldehyde. Following the isolation of hADSCs from omentum tissue, these cells were cultured and characterized on chitosan hydrogel. Subsequent assays that were performed included JC-1 staining for the mitochondrial integrity as a surrogate marker for viability, cell proliferation and growth kinetics by MTT assay, lineage specific differentiation under two-dimensional culture conditions. Confocal imaging, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and flow cytometry were used to evaluate these assays. The study revealed that chitosan hydrogel promotes cell proliferation coupled with > 90% cell viability. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated safety profile. Furthermore, glutaraldehyde cross linked chitosan showed < 5% cytotoxicity, thus serving as a scaffold and facilitating the expansion and differentiation of hADSCs across endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm lineages. Additional functionalities can be added to this hydrogel, particularly those that regulate stem cell fate.