gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrips Resistance in Pepper and Its Consequences for the Acquisition and Inoculation of <i>Tomato spotted wilt virus</i> by the Western Flower Thrips (2003)

ABSTRACT Different levels of thrips resistance were found in seven Capsicum accessions. Based on the level of feeding damage, host preference, and host suitability for reproduction, a thrips susceptible and a resistant accession were selected to study their performance as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) sources and targets during thrips-mediated virus transmission. Vector resistance did not affect the virus acquisition efficiency in a broad range of acquisition access periods. Inoculation efficiency was also not affected in short inoculation periods, but was significantly lower on plants of the thrips resistant accession during longer inoculation access periods. Under the experimental conditions used, the results obtained show that transmission of TSWV is little affected by vector resistance. However, due to a lower reproduction rate on resistant plants and a lower preference of thrips for these plants, beneficial effects of vector resistance might be expected under field conditions.
Effects of<i>Bifidobacterium longum</i>BB536 Administration on Influenza Infection, Influenza Vaccine Antibody Titer, and Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Elderly (2010)

Twenty-seven elderly subjects (mean age 86.7+/-6.6 years) were pre-administered a test food containing 1x10(11) cfu of BB536 daily for 5 weeks (P1), during which they also received influenza vaccination at week 3. The subjects were then randomized to a BB536 group and a placebo group for 14 weeks (P2). The proportion of subjects who contracted influenza was significantly lower in BB536 group than in the to placebo group. The proportion of subjects with fever was also significantly lower in the BB536 group than in the placebo group. In the P1 period, the NK cell activity and the bactericidal activity of the neutrophils were significantly higher at week 5 than to before BB536 administration. In the P2 period, although NK cell activity and neutrophilic activities declined at the end of the study in both the placebo and the BB536 group, neutrophil phagocytic activity and NK cell activity tended to maintain slightly higher levels in the BB536 group than in the placebo group. These results suggest that continuous ingestion of BB536 reduces the incidence of influenza and fever, probably by potentiating innate immunity.
α‐Acetyl‐<i>N</i>‐heterocycles in the Maillard reaction (1997)

Abstract α‐Acetyl‐N‐heterocycles are a special class of Maillard reaction products with typical roasty flavor characteristic and generally low odor thresholds. A total of 12 α‐acetyl‐N‐heterocycles have so far been reported to occur in heated foodstuffs or process flavorings. The partially unsaturated α‐acetyl‐N‐heterocycles 2‐acetyltetrahydropyri‐dine, 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline, 2‐acetyl‐2‐thiazoline, and 5‐acetyl‐2,3‐di‐hydro‐1,4‐thiazine are reported to have very low odor thresholds (in water) between 0.1 and 1.6 ppb, whereas the odor thresholds for the corresponding aromatic α‐acetyl‐N‐heterocycles as well as for ace‐tylpyrazines range from 10 ppb to 170 ppm. Seven of the 12 α‐acetyl‐N‐heterocycles, especially those with partially unsaturated monocy‐clic ring systems have been described as important aroma compounds, and therefore their formation has been studied extensively. In particular, the amino acids proline, hydroxyproline, ornithine, citrulline and cysteine have been considered efficient precursors for these α‐acetyl‐N‐heterocycles. The mechanism of their formation in the Maillard reaction is reviewed here.
Transient platelet accumulation in the rat brain after common carotid artery thrombosis. An 111In-labeled platelet study. (1993)

These data demonstrate (1) the acute accumulation of labeled platelets in downstream vessels after nonocclusive common carotid artery thrombosis, (2) that platelet accumulation is widespread and also involves contralateral areas, and (3) that platelet accumulation within the thrombosed carotid artery and brain is largely transient.
Compile-time program restructuring in multiprogrammed virtual memory systems (1988)

An evaluation is made of a way to reduce the cost of program restructuring by having a compiler determine the program's packing in virtual address space from an analysis of its source code. Two features of this method are the duplication of code modules in virtual address space and the inline substitution of the code for a called procedure. This compile-time restructuring algorithm is evaluated using the instruction-only address traces from a collection of programs. In a simulation of a virtual memory system using disks as secondary storage devices, the method is not successful, since it leads to a higher optimum space-time execution cost than that of the unrestructured program. The algorithm did reduce program space-time execution cost for some arbitrarily chosen memory allocations smaller than the optimum. This could be useful in a multiuser, multiprogrammed environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[The dynamics of the Zn content in the pancreatic islets of rabbits after the administration of the diabetogenic agent dithizone]. (1992)

The dynamics of changes of the Zn content in the pancreatic islets of rabbits after dithizon injection was studied. The amount of this metal in the islets reduced due to destruction of the cells and under the effect of high blood plasma glucose concentration. The insulin producing cells were devoid of zinc in diabetes of long duration with high hyperglycemia.
Corneal thickness and endothelial density before and after cataract surgery (2001)

As long as the numerical density of the corneal endothelial cells does not fall below the physiological threshold, a moderate decrease in this parameter does not compromise the pumping activity of the layer as a whole.
Optimal design of switched reluctance motors (2002)

The fundamental theory of the switched reluctance motor is presented with a number of new equations. It is used to show how the practical development of a design calculation should proceed, and this leads to a discussion of physical characteristics required to achieve satisfactory performance and to reduce acoustic noise. The paper makes a few generic observations on the characteristics of successful products that use switched reluctance motors. It is written at a basic engineering level and makes no attempt to apply sophisticated optimization theory.
Peripheral Venous Pressure as a Measure of Venous Compliance During Pheochromocytoma Resection (2004)

Venous pressures measured from peripheral venous catheters (PVP) closely estimate the central venous pressure (CVP) in surgical and critically ill patients. CVP is often used to estimate intravascular volume; however, fluctuations of CVP may also be induced by changes in venous tone caused by alpha-adrenergic catecholamine stimulation. We simultaneously monitored PVP, CVP, and mean arterial blood pressure during resection of pheochromocytoma in a 63-yr-old woman and found excellent correlation between the three pressure variables, suggesting that fluctuations of PVP reflect overall changes in vascular tone.
Electronic speckle contouring (1992)

Electronic speckle contouring is concerned with shape measurement by using fringe-projection techniques in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). Conventional in-plane and out-of-plane displacement-sensitive ESPI instrumentation may be used for contouring without any alterations to the optical hardware. The contour maps of three-dimensional diffuse objects are obtained by small shifts of optical fibers carrying the object-illumination and reference beams. It is theoretically demonstrated and experimentally verified that the fringe patterns produced are identical to projected fringe contours and may be analyzed in the usual way. Phase measurement and digital image processing are used for data reduction.
ARTIFICIAL MUSCLE PROJECT: PROCESS DEVELOPMENT OF POLYDIMETHYL SILOXANE THIN FILMS FOR USE IN DIELECTRIC ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ARTIFICIAL MUSCLE ACTUATORS (2011)

An artificial muscle design was created founded on the principles of a dielectric electroactive polymer (DEAP), which is fundamentally similar to a capacitor. A polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS)-based elastomer, Sylgard 184 from Dow Corning, was chosen for the design and spun coat onto polystyrene (PS) Petri dishes at varying speeds to create a thin film, using speeds of 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm, 5000 rpm, and 6000 rpm. The film thicknesses were measured optically through use of a microscope with coupled computer imaging software to generate a characteristic curve of film thickness to spin speed, achieving a minimum film thickness of 15.9 microns at a spin speed of 6000 rpm. A second elastomer, 3-6121 Low Temperature Elastomer from Dow Corning, was attained and compounded at varying volume ratios with the primary Sylgard 184 in effort to obtain a polymer compound with a decreased compressive modulus, effectively reducing the required actuation voltage of the design. Varying polymer compounds were tested in compression and the compound of 80 vol% primary elastomer and 20 vol% secondary elastomer was found to have a drastically reduced modulus of compression. Thin films of pure primary elastomer and the reduced-modulus polymer compound were created for electrostatic actuation testing, measured via interferometry. Dielectric breakdown was observed during electrostatic testing before significant actuation was achieved. Mechanical actuation testing using .5 kg, 1 kg, 1.5 kg, and 2 kg masses was adopted to prove the concept. Mechanical testing proved successful, achieving a maximum actuation of 20% strain and 35% strain for the pure primary elastomer and the reduced-modulus polymer compound, respectively.
The effect of temperature on tyrosinase activity in Himalayan mouse skin (1981)

The tyrosinase activity of Himalayan mouse skin homogenates was measured over a range of temperatures using two sensitive radiometric assay--namely, (1) the measurement of 14C-tyrosine incorporation into melanin, and (2) the measurement of 3HOH released as a by-product of 3H-tyrosine hydroxylation. Results show that Himalayan tyrosinase is maximally active at temperatures well below normal body temperature (15 degree C to 25 degree C). These results are in support of Danneel's visual observations ('41) that "ferment" activity of Himalayan rabbit skin is absent at temperatures above 25 degree C. Further results suggest the presence of a tyrosinase inhibitor in Himalayan mouse skin. First, removal of a low molecular weight fraction from Himalayan skin homogenates resulted in an increase in tyrosinase activity. Second, recombination of the low molecular weight fraction to the homogenate from which it was originally separated resulted in a decrease in tyrosinase activity when assayed at 37 degree C, but no decrease when assayed at 25 degree C. It is proposed that at the normal body temperature of 37 degree C, tyrosinase from Himalayan skin is strongly bound to an inhibitor. At lower body temperatures, the affinity of the enzyme for the inhibitor decreases, thus allowing the synthesis of melanin to increase. This change in affinity of the enzyme for the inhibitor could be regulated by temperature-induced conformational changes in either the enzyme or the inhibitor or both.
Cooling off hot flashes: uncoupling of the circadian pattern of core body temperature and hot flash frequency in breast cancer survivors (2004)

Menopause: July 2004 - Volume 11 - Issue 4 - p 369-371 doi: 10.1097/01.GME.0000132624.84597.9F
Differences in Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo Are Dependent on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell of Origin and Human Papillomavirus Status (2021)

To identify potential extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we evaluated EV protein cargo and whole cell lysates (WCL) from HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cell lines, as well as normal oral keratinocytes and HPV16-transformed cells. EVs were isolated from serum-depleted, conditioned cell culture media by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation/ultracentrifugation. EV and WCL preparations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Candidate proteins detected at significantly higher levels in EV compared with WCL, or compared with EV from normal oral keratinocytes, were identified and confirmed by Wes Simple Western protein analysis. Our findings suggest that these proteins may be potential HNSCC EV markers as proteins that may be (1) selectively included in EV cargo for export from the cell as a strategy for metastasis, tumor cell survival, or modification of tumor microenvironment, or (2) representative of originating cell composition, which may be developed for diagnostic or prognostic use in clinical liquid biopsy applications. This work demonstrates that our method can be used to reliably detect EV proteins from HNSCC, normal keratinocyte, and transformed cell lines. Furthermore, this work has identified HNSCC EV protein candidates for continued evaluation, specifically tenascin-C, HLA-A, E-cadherin, EGFR, EPHA2, and cytokeratin 19.
Placental apoptosis and adhesion molecules expression in the placenta and the maternal placental bed of pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction with and without pre-eclampsia (2006)

The aim of the study was to examine the expression of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-3 in placental tissue samples and placental bed (maternal decidual tissue) biopsies of pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR), and to determine whether PE and FGR are associated with an increase in placental apoptosis. We studied placentas and placental bed samples of 49 third trimester pregnancies complicated by FGR (26 with associated PE, 23 without PE) and 25 normotensive healthy pregnant women. Placental apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL method. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess expression of the VCAM-1 and ICAM-3. There was no significant difference in the staining intensity of VCAM-1 in placentas (p=0.472) and placental bed biopsies (p=0.754) of women delivering appropriate for gestational age and growth restricted fetuses (with and without associated PE). The amount of lymphocytes staining positively with ICAM-3 was significantly higher in both placental and placental bed biopsies of women delivering growth restricted fetuses compared with control pregnancies (p<0.001). Fetal growth restricted pregnancies with associated PE showed higher staining of ICAM-3 in placental compared with placental bed samples (p=0.049). In fetal growth restricted placentas, apoptotic nuclei were more abundant compared with control placentas (p<0.001). Increased expression of ICAM-3 on lymphocyte surface of both maternal and fetal side, suggests lymphocyte overactivation in PE and FGR. Increased placental apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis or sequelae of PE.
Treatment of atopic eczema with oral mycophenolate mofetil (2000)

The present study demonstrates that oral MMF at a dose of 2 g daily is an effective, safe and well-tolerated immunosuppressive therapy for severe AE in adults.
Brill tagging on the Micron Automata Processor (2015)

Semantic analysis often uses a pipeline of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools such as part-of-speech (POS) tagging. Brill tagging is a classic rule-based algorithm for POS tagging within NLP. However, implementation of the tagger is inherently slow on conventional Von Neumann architectures. In this paper, we accelerate the second stage of Brill tagging on the Micron Automata Processor, a new computing architecture that can perform massive pattern matching in parallel. The designed structure is tested with a subset of the Brown Corpus using 218 contextual rules. The results show a 38X speed-up for the second stage tagger implemented on a single AP chip, compared to a single thread implementation on CPU. This speed-up is linear with the number of rules, thus making large and/or complex rule sets computationally practical. This paper introduces the use of this new accelerator for computational linguistic tasks, particularly those that involve rule-based or pattern-matching approaches.
Simple, Rapid, and Inexpensive Detection of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Resistance Mechanisms Using Heat-Denatured Isolates and SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR (2009)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials. There is now growing concern that without the availability of appropriate public health strategies to combat this problem, gonorrhea could become untreatable. For this reason, surveillance for gonococcal antimicrobial resistance must be optimal both in terms of obtaining a representative sample of gonococcal isolates and in terms of having the appropriate tools to identify resistance. To aid with this surveillance, molecular tools are increasingly being used. In the present study, we investigated the use of a simple heat denaturation protocol for isolate DNA preparation combined with SYBR green-based real-time PCR for the identification of mutations associated with N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance. A total of 109 clinical gonococcal isolates were tested by high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis for chromosomal mutations associated with gonococcal resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: a penA 345A insertion, ponA L421P, mtrR G45D, substitutions at positions 120 and 121 in porB1b, and an adenine deletion in the mtrR promoter. An allele-specific PCR assay was also investigated for its ability to detect the adenine deletion in the mtrR promoter. The results were compared to those obtained by DNA sequencing. Our HRM assays provided the accurate discrimination of heat-treated isolates in which the sequence types differed in GC content, including isolates with the penA 345A insertion and the ponA L421P and mtrR G45D mutations. The allele-specific PCR assay accurately identified isolates with the adenine deletion in the mtrR promoter. Heat-denatured DNA combined with SYBR green-based real-time PCR offers a simple, rapid, and inexpensive means of detecting gonococcal resistance mechanisms. These methods may have broader application in the detection of polymorphisms associated with phenotypes of interest.
Agent models for dynamic 3D virtual worlds (2005)

Agents are systems capable of perceiving their environment through sensors, reasoning about their sensory input using some characteristic reasoning process and acting in their environment using effectors. When one or more agents control the objects that comprise a 3D virtual world, the result is a dynamic, adaptive environment that changes in response to users' actions. We have experimented with three different agent models for this purpose: a swarm model, a cognitive model and a motivated agent model. Each of these models differs in the complexity of its implementation and can thus be used to produce dynamic virtual environments of differing behavioural complexity. This paper introduces a schema for characterising the implementation and behavioural complexity of agent models for dynamic virtual environments. We apply this schema to the agent models we have studied to reveal their advantages and disadvantages and identify directions for future work.
An Overview of the Performance and Scientific Results from the<i>Chandra X‐Ray Observatory</i> (2002)

The Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO), the x-ray component of NASA's Great Observatories, was launched on 1999, July 23 by the Space Shuttle Columbia. After satellite systems activation, the first x-rays focussed by the telescope were observed on 1999, August 12. Beginning with the initial observation it was clear that the telescope had survived the launch environment and was operating as expected. Despite an initial surprise due to the discovery that the telescope was far more efficient for concentrating CCD-damaging low-energy protons than had been anticipated, the observatory is performing well and is returning superb scientific data. Together with other space observatories, most notably XMM-Newton, it is clear that we have entered a new era of discovery in high-energy astrophysics.
Structural organization and chromosomal localization of the mouse collagenase type I gene (1995)

A clone containing genomic sequences of part of the murine collagenase type 1 (MMP-1) gene was isolated. It contains exons 1-6 encoding all the domains required for collagenase function and 9 kb of 5'-flanking sequences. The gene organization and exon/intron borders are highly similar to the already described human and rabbit MMP-1 genes. However, neither the intron sequences, nor the promoter region up to position -660 exhibit significant sequence homologies with rabbit and human MMP-1, except for an AP-1-binding site and two PEA-3 consensus sequences. Binding studies in vitro revealed that the AP-1-binding site is recognized by Fos/Jun heterodimers with very high affinity. By in situ hybridization the mouse MMP-1 gene was located to the A1-A2 region of chromosome 9 in proximity to the curly whiskers (cw) locus. Based on the lack of sequence homologies of the promoter and intron regions, and since the chromosomal localization of the mouse and human MMP-1 genes may not be syntenic, these data strongly support previous suggestions that the MMP-1 genes from mouse, compared with rabbit and human, have evolved from different ancestral genes. The presence of the AP-1- and PEA-3- binding sites in all mammalian MMP-1 genes isolated so far, may, however, suggest evolutionary selection for common regulatory mechanisms of MMP-1 transcription.
A New Carbohydrate-iron Haematinic for Intramuscular Use (1954)

In recording the clinical trial of an unsuccessful intra muscular iron preparation (Goldberg and Hutchison, 1953) attention was drawn to the valuable, though limited, field of usefulness of intravenous iron therapy and to the wider applicability of intramuscular iron, could a suitable preparation be elaborated. The desiderata were that the preparation should be an effective haematinic freely absorbed from the tissues and non-irritating. Our recent experience with a new dextran-iron complex ( imferon) has convinced us that it is highly satisfactory for intramuscular use, and we present a preliminary account of our findings.
Photolytic production of vitamin D. The preparative value of a photo-sensitiser (1975)

Fluorenone, previously known to sensitise photolytic interconversion of previtamin D and tachysterol trimethylsilyl ethers, is used in a convenient and practical method of increasing the yield of vitamin D from the provitamin.
The MLP Lossless Compression System (1999)

Lossless compression provides bit-exact delivery of the original signal and is ideal where the highest possible confidence in the final sound quality is required. MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing) has recently been adopted as the lossless coding method used on DVD-Audio. MLP uses four principal strategies to reduce both the total quantity and the peak rate of encoded data. MLP can invert a matrix transformation losslessly: this allows a 2-channel representation to be transmitted alongside a multichannel signal, with minimal increase in data rate. The paper illustrates how the characteristics of the incoming audio affect the coding performance, and indicates MLP&apos;s versatility, achieved by use of substreams and an open-ended metadata specification.
Perianal Irritant Contact Dermatitis In High Anal Fistula (2013)

We report fulminant irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) affecting perianal area in a 36-year-old male with high anal fistula. ICD is usually associated with hemorrhoids and anal fissures. Anal fistula rarely causes perianal dermatitis.