gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JSLocker: flexible access control policies with delimited histories and revocation (2011)

Providing security guarantees for software systems built out of untrusted components requires the ability to enforce fine-grained access control policies. This is evident in Web 2.0 applications where JavaScript code from different origins is often combined on a single page, leading to well-known vulnerabilities. This paper presents a security infrastructure which allows users and content providers to specify access control policies over delimited histories, subsets of JavaScript execution traces, allowing revocation of the history, and reversion to a safe state if a violation is detected. We report on an empirical evaluation of this proposal in the context of a production browser. We show examples of security policies which can prevent real attacks without imposing drastic restrictions on legacy applications. We have evaluated our proposal with two non-trivial policies on 50 of the Alexa top websites with no changes to the legacy JavaScript code. Between 72% and 84% of the sites were fully functional, and only 1 site was rendered non-functional. In term of performance overhead we observed a worst case 106% slowdown with a typical case closer to 10%.
Expression and Function of iNOS in AD Animal Model (2001)

Objective To develop the Alzheimer disease(AD) rat model through leisioning NBM by KA and to investigate the possible roles of iNOS in AD animal moldel.Metheods We developed AD animal model through injecting KA into NBM.The AD animal models were concluded to be succesful or not through the performance of Y-shape maze task.The expression of iNOS in hippocampus of AD animal model was investigated.Results The learning ability of KA-injected rats was lower than that of those before accepting KA-injection ( P 0.001) and that of the animals as the control ( P 0.001).More β-APP-positive immundabel (β-APP+) cells and iNOS-Positire were found in hippocampal formation of animal models than that in the controls.These showed that the AD animal models were successfully developed.More iNOS-positive immunoreactive cells were found in hippocampal formation of animal models than that in the controls.The iNOS-positive cells are the most in CA1 and DG regions of hippocampal formation.Conclusion KA damaging nucleus basalis of Meynert can develop AD animal models easily and reliablely.The over expression of iNOS plays an important roles in neurodegeneration of AD.
Xylene Monooxygenase Catalyzes the Multistep Oxygenation of Toluene and Pseudocumene to Corresponding Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Acids in Escherichia coli JM101 (2000)

Xylene monooxygenase of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 catalyzes the methylgroup hydroxylation of toluene and xylenes. To investigate the potential of xylene monooxygenase to catalyze multistep oxidations of one methyl group, we tested recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the monooxygenase genes xylM and xylA under the control of the alk regulatory system of Pseudomonas oleovorans Gpo1. Expression of xylene monooxygenase genes could efficiently be controlled by n-octane and dicyclopropylketone. Xylene monooxygenase was found to catalyze the oxygenation of toluene, pseudocumene, the corresponding alcohols, and the corresponding aldehydes. For all three transformations (18)O incorporation provided stong evidence for a monooxygenation type of reaction, with gem-diols as the most likely reaction intermediates during the oxygenation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes. To investigate the role of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase (XylB) in the formation of benzaldehydes, xylB was cloned behind and expressed in concert with xylMA. In comparison to E. coli expressing only xylMA, the presence of xylB lowered product formation rates and resulted in back formation of benzyl alcohol from benzaldehyde. In P. putida mt-2 XylB may prevent the formation of high concentrations of the particularly reactive benzaldehydes. In the case of high fluxes through the degradation pathways and low aldehyde concentrations, XylB may contribute to benzaldehyde formation via the energetically favorable dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohols. The results presented here characterize XylMA as an enzyme able to catalyze the multistep oxygenation of toluenes.
Introducing Biobased Ionic Liquids as the Nonaqueous Media for Enzymatic Synthesis of Phosphatidylserine (2015)

Biobased ionic liquids with cholinium as the cation and amino acids as the anions, which could be prepared from renewable biomaterials by simple neutralization reactions, have recently been described as promising and green solvents. Herein, they were successfully used as the reaction media for enzyme-mediated transphosphatidylation of phosphatidylcholine with l-serine for phosphatidylserine synthesis for the first time. Our results indicated that the highest phosphatidylserine yield of 86.5% was achieved. Moreover, 75% original activity of the enzyme was maintained after being used for 10 batches. The present work could be considered an alternative enzymatic strategy for preparing phosphatidylserine. Additionally, the excellent results make the biobased ionic liquids more promising candidates for use as environmentally friendly solvents in biocatalysis fields.
John Williams Calkin: a short biography (2012)

John Williams Calkin (October 11, 1909-August 5, 1964). A native of New Rochelle, N.Y., he graduated with honors in mathematics from Columbia University in 1933. He was awarded his MA in 1934 and his PhD in June 1937 by Harvard University. His PhD dissertation, Applications of the Theory of Hilbert Space to Partial Differential Equations; the Self-Adjoint Transformations in Hilbert Space Associated with a Formal Partial Differential Operator of the Second Order and Elliptic Type, was written under the direction and at the suggestion of M.H. Stone; fruitful conversations with J. von Neumann were acknowledged. In the fall of 1937 Calkin went to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton on a year's fellowship to work with O. Veblen and J. von Neumann. He later served as an assistant professor at the University of New Hampshire and the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. During World War II Calkin was part of a mine warfare operations analysis group with J.L. Doob, J. von Neumann, and M.H. Stone. Von Neumann and Calkin worked on shock waves and damage by explosives; they were sent to England to learn of the progress under way there. When it appeared that their special knowledge would be useful for the Manhattan Project, they moved to Los Alamos. The Los Alamos Laboratory, or Project Y, had come into existence in early 1943 for a single purpose: to design and build an atomic bomb. Calkin remained there until 1946 when he accepted a Guggenheim fellowship at the California Institute of Technology.
Failure of CHOP with rituximab for lymphomatoid granulomatosis. (2007)

We present a 66-year-old male patient with pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The patient had progressive disease after three courses of CHoP and rituximab and, therefore, treatment with interferon-alpha 2b 5 x 10(6) IE three times a week was started. This resulted in stable disease for five months. subsequently, progression occurred and the patient died 12 months after initial presentation. lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a rare, poor-risk, Epstein-Barr virus related, B cell lymphoproliferative disease. There is no standard treatment but promising results have been reported with rituximab, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. This case demonstrates that lymphomatoid granulomatosis is still a chemotherapy-resistant disease in some patients despite addition of rituximab. A review of the literature regarding aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment options is presented.
Techno‐economic analysis of a lignocellulosic ethanol biorefinery with ionic liquid pre‐treatment (2011)

Abstract Lignocellulose dissolution in ionic liquids is a relatively new biomass pre‐treatment technology that is receiving growing interest from the biofuels community as a route to provide readily‐hydrolyzable holocellulose. Despite its proven advantages over other pre‐treatment technologies – including feedstock invariance, high monomeric sugar yields over short saccharification times, and extensive delignification – there are several core issues that stand in the way of commercialization. These include the relative high cost of the ionic liquids themselves, a lack of knowledge in terms of process considerations for a biorefinery based on these solvents, and scant information on the coproducts this pre‐treatment technology could provide to the marketplace. We present an initial techno‐economic model of a biorefinery that is based on the ionic liquid pre‐treatment technology and have identified, through a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, the most significant areas in terms of cost savings/revenue generation that must be addressed before ionic liquid pre‐treatment can compete with other, more established, pre‐treatment technologies. This report evaluates this new pre‐treatment technology through the perspective of a virtual operating biorefinery, and although there are significant challenges that must be addressed, there is a clear path that can enable commercialization of this novel approach. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
V.—<i>The classification of</i> Oribatidæ (1897)

A. D. Michael on so much stronger than indicated by.van der Wulp, there is no doubt that the present specimen is the same species, as the peculiar wing-characters cannot be mistaken.The generic characterization must be changed somewhat~ however~ especially as regards the presence of distinct vibriss~e.
Experimental Myringoplasty (1980)

Artificial eardrums made from biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and poly(beta-benzyl-L-aspartate-co-L-leucine) 50/50, and made from the microporous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and bisphenol-A poly(carbonate) membranes were implanted into the ear and as a reference subcutaneously in rats. The implants were histologically examined for periods up to one year. From the biodegradable polymers studied the poly(beta-benzyl-L-aspartate-co-L-leucine) 50/50 evoked the least tissue reaction and the newly formed tympanic membranes are the best in terms of thickness and overall integrity. The microporous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membrane can be considered as a valuable support for the formation of a reinforced tympanic membrane.
The resurgence of parallelism (2010)

Parallel computation is making a comeback after a quarter century of neglect. Past research can be put to quick use today.
“Natural” progesterone: information on fetal effects (2006)

Progesterone is a potent, multi-faceted endocrine agent with an expanding therapeutic profile and a minimal scientific database for evaluating safe use during pregnancy.
Complete Quantification of Group A and Group B Soyasaponins in Soybeans (2006)

A combination of high-pressure extraction and preparative chromatography was used to purify the group A and group B soyasaponins from soy germ for use as analytical standards and for use in biological assays. A standardized sample preparation and extraction method was developed for the analysis of phytochemicals found in soy and processed soy products, which is reproducible in other laboratories. The extracts can be analyzed with standard liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography methods to identify and quantitate the group A and group B forms of the soy saponins, as well as the soy isoflavones. Complete saponin analysis of the extracts prepared from soy germ (hypocots), hulls, and cotyledons shows that a significant portion of the saponins is concentrated in the germ. The germ contains nearly all of the group A soyasaponins, while the group B soyasaponins are nearly equally distributed between the germ and the cotyledons. The hulls contain little of either isoflavones or saponins. Whole (full fat) soybeans grown on a tract in central Illinois in 2003 contain approximately 4-6% saponins on a weight basis, of which about one-fifth or less of the total saponin content are group A soyasaponins; the balance is group B soyasaponins.
Exploring the Structural Requirements for Inhibition of the Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Breast Cancer Associated Protein 2 (BCA2) as a Treatment for Breast Cancer (2010)

The zinc-ejecting aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitory drug disulfiram (DSF) was found to be a breast cancer-associated protein 2 (BCA2) inhibitor with potent antitumor activity. We herein describe our work in the synthesis and evaluation of new series of zinc-affinic molecules to explore the structural requirements for selective BCA2-inhibitory antitumor activity. An N(C=S)S-S motif was found to be required, based on selective activity in BCA2-expressing breast cancer cell lines and against recombinant BCA2 protein. Notably, the DSF analogs (3a and 3c) and dithio(peroxo)thioate compounds (5d and 5f) were found to have potent activity (submicromolar IC(50)) in BCA2 positive MCF-7 and T47D cells but were inactive (IC(50) > 10 microM) in BCA2 negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A. Testing in the isogenic BCA2 +ve MDA-MB-231/ER cell line restored antitumor activity for compounds that were inactive in the BCA2 -ve MDA-MB-231 cell line. In contrast, structurally related dithiocarbamates and benzisothiazolones (lacking the disulfide bond) were all inactive. Compounds 5d and 5f were additionally found to lack ALDH-inhibitory activity, suggestive of selective E3 ligase-inhibitory activity and worthy of further development.
Development of a two-dimensional dual pendulum thrust stand for Hall thrusters (2007)

A two-dimensional dual pendulum thrust stand was developed to measure thrust vectors [axial and horizontal (transverse) direction thrusts] of a Hall thruster. A thruster with a steering mechanism is mounted on the inner pendulum, and thrust is measured from the displacement between inner and outer pendulums, by which a thermal drift effect is canceled out. Two crossover knife-edges support each pendulum arm: one is set on the other at a right angle. They enable the pendulums to swing in two directions. Thrust calibration using a pulley and weight system showed that the measurement errors were less than 0.25 mN (1.4%) in the main thrust direction and 0.09 mN (1.4%) in its transverse direction. The thrust angle of the thrust vector was measured with the stand using the thruster. Consequently, a vector deviation from the main thrust direction of +/-2.3 degrees was measured with the error of +/-0.2 degrees under the typical operating conditions for the thruster.
Traumatic brain injury and the effects of diazepam, diltiazem, and MK-801 on GABA-A receptor subunit expression in rat hippocampus (2010)

These studies are the first to demonstrate that GABA-A receptor subunit expression is altered by TBI in vivo, and these alterations may be driven by calcium-mediated cascades in hippocampal neurons. Changes in GABA-A receptors in the hippocampus after TBI may have far-reaching consequences considering their essential importance in maintaining inhibitory balance and their extensive impact on neuronal function.
Functional characterization of a recombinant sodium-dependent nucleoside transporter with selectivity for pyrimidine nucleosides (cNT1rat) by transient expression in cultured mammalian cells (1996)

We have demonstrated that monkey kidney (COS-1) cells have a single type of nucleoside transport process, which, because it was equilibrative, sodium-independent and could be inhibited by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), was identified as the 'equilibrative sensitive' or 'es' transporter. Using NBMPR or dilazep to inhibit the endogenous nucleoside transport activity, we have transiently expressed a cDNA that encodes an inhibitor-insensitive, concentrative nucleoside transporter protein (cNT1rat) of rat intestine in COS-1 cells. The production of recombinant cNT1rat was examined by immunoblotting using an epitope-tagged construct and by analysis of inward fluxes of 3H-labelled nucleosides. Recombinant cNT1rat was sodium-dependent and selective for pyrimidine nucleosides, with approximately Km values of 21 microM, 12.5 microM and 15 microM for uridine, thymidine and adenosine, respectively. Although adenosine exhibited high affinity for the recombinant transporter, its Vmax value was low. A variety of anti-viral and anti-cancer nucleoside drugs inhibited cNT1rat-mediated uptake of uridine by transfected COS-1 cells although to different extents (Floxidine > Idoxuridine > Zidovudine > Zalcitabine > Cytarabine > Gemcitabine), suggesting that the concentrative pyrimidine-selective nucleoside transporters, of which cNT1rat is a representative, may play a role in cellular uptake of these drugs. The cNT1rat/COS-1 expression system is a useful tool for analysis of cNT1rat-mediated transport processes.
Re-evaluation of the phenotypic changes in L4 dorsal root ganglion neurons after L5 spinal nerve ligation (2011)

The L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) is a widely used animal neuropathic pain model. There are conflicting reports regarding the extent of injury to the L4 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in this model. If a significant number of these neurons were injured, the previously reported phenotypic and electrophysiological changes at this level are in need of re-evaluation by separating the injured neurons and the frankly spared ones. So, we immunostained activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and examined the change in expression of transcripts for neuropeptide Y (NPY), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and several voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunits (Nav1.1, Nav1.3, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9) in the L4 DRG by comparing signal intensities of individual neurons using in situ hybridization histochemistry. ATF3-immunoreactivity was similarly observed in 4-6% of neuronal nuclei of the SNL and sham-operated ipsilateral L4 DRGs. Comparison between ATF3+ and ATF3- neurons in the SNL L4 DRG revealed that (1) whereas NPY induction occurred in ATF3+ cells, BDNF increased mainly in ATF3- neurons; (2) although ATF3+ neurons had higher Nav1.3 signals than ATF3- neurons, these signals were much lower than those of the L5 DRG neurons; and (3) ATF3+/N52- neurons selectively lost Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 mRNAs. Comparison of the total neuronal populations among naïve, SNL, and sham-operated rats revealed no significant differences for all examined Nav mRNAs. Because neuropathic pain behaviors were developed by rats with SNL but not the sham-operation, the small number of injured L4 neurons likely do not contribute to the pathomechanisms of neuropathic pain.
Responsive Polymer Gels:  Double-Stranded versus Single-Stranded DNA (2007)

Cross-linking of polyelectrolytes such as DNA gives gels that are osmotically highly swollen but contract upon addition of electrolytes and, in particular, upon association of oppositely charged cosolutes with the polyelectrolyte chain. The deswelling behavior of cross-linked DNA gels thus reflects the DNA-cosolute interactions and provides a basis for the development of responsive DNA formulations. Gels of both single- and double-stranded DNA have interesting applications, and a comparison between them provides the basis for understanding mechanisms. Denaturation of cross-linked ds-DNA gels was induced by heating them above the melting temperature and then cooling. This process, studied by fluorescence using ethidium bromide, appeared to be reversible when a heating/cooling cycle was performed. The swelling behavior upon addition of different cosolutes, such as metal ions, polyamines, charged proteins, and surfactants, was investigated for different DNA gel samples, including long and short ds-DNA and long and short ss-DNA. The DNA molecular weight was found to have only a slight effect on the deswelling curves, whereas conformation exhibited a pronounced effect. In general, single-stranded DNA gels exhibited a larger collapse in the presence of cations than did double-stranded DNA. This difference was more pronounced with surfactants than with the other cosolutes investigated. The difference between double- and single-stranded DNA was attributed to differences in linear charge density, chain flexibility, and hydrophobicity. For surfactants with different chain lengths, the swelling behavior displayed by ss-DNA can be interpreted in terms of an interplay between hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, the latter being influenced by polymer flexibility. Increasing hydrophobicity of the network leads to a decreased critical aggregation concentration (cac) for the surfactant/gel complex, as a result of the strengthened hydrophobic attractive force between the surfactant and the gel chain. The swelling of DNA gels appears to be reversible and to be independent of DNA conformation. Surfactant-induced deswelling of DNA gels under some conditions appears to be quite homogeneous, whereas under other conditions, there is a separation into a collapsed region in the outer parts of the gel sample and an inside swollen part. Such "skin" formation is quite different for ss- and ds-DNA, with ss-DNA giving more pronounced skin formation over a wider range of binding ratio, beta. For example, no macroscopic separation into collapsed and swollen regions was observed at intermediate degrees of binding for ds-DNA gels, whereas a dense surfactant-rich surface phase (skin) was found to coexist with a swollen core network for ss-DNA gels with beta>0.5. One explanation for this difference is the large deformation energy required for the compression of the very stiff ds-DNA chains.
Neutral Salt Action. II. The Effect of Neutral Salts on the Hydrolysis of Copper Sulfate (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeutral Salt Action. II. The Effect of Neutral Salts on the Hydrolysis of Copper SulfateHarold B. Friedman and Jefferson A. StokesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 1, 118–121Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01870a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01870a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts