gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple but Effective BERT Model for Dialog State Tracking on Resource-Limited Systems (2019)

In a task-oriented dialog system, the goal of dialog state tracking (DST) is to monitor the state of the conversation from the dialog history. Recently, many deep learning based methods have been proposed for the task. Despite their impressive performance, current neural architectures for DST are typically heavily-engineered and conceptually complex, making it difficult to implement, debug, and maintain them in a production setting. In this work, we propose a simple but effective DST model based on BERT. In addition to its simplicity, our approach also has a number of other advantages: (a) the number of parameters does not grow with the ontology size (b) the model can operate in situations where the domain ontology may change dynamically. Experimental results demonstrate that our BERT-based model outperforms previous methods by a large margin, achieving new state-of-the-art results on the standard WoZ 2.0 dataset. Finally, to make the model small and fast enough for resource-restricted systems, we apply the knowledge distillation method to compress our model. The final compressed model achieves comparable results with the original model while being 8x smaller and 7x faster.
A Learning Rule for the Emergence of Stable Dynamics and Timing in Recurrent Networks (2005)

Neural dynamics within recurrent cortical networks is an important component of neural processing. However, the learning rules that allow networks composed of hundreds or thousands of recurrently connected neurons to develop stable dynamical states are poorly understood. Here I use a neural network model to examine the emergence of stable dynamical states within recurrent networks. I describe a learning rule that can account both for the development of stable dynamics and guide networks to states that have been observed experimentally, specifically, states that instantiate a sparse code for time. Across trials, each neuron fires during a specific time window; by connecting the neurons to a hypothetical set of output units, it is possible to generate arbitrary spatial-temporal output patterns. Intertrial jitter of the spike time of a given neuron increases as a direct function of the delay at which it fires. These results establish a learning rule by which cortical networks can potentially process temporal information in a self-organizing manner, in the absence of specialized timing mechanisms.
Comparison of symptom response following advice for a diet low in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) versus standard dietary advice in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2011)

A low FODMAP diet appears to be more effective than standard dietary advice for symptom control in IBS.
Neuropsychological Functioning and Recovery after Mild Head Injury in Collegiate Athletes (1996)

OBJECTIVE: This study prospectively examined neuropsychological functioning in 2300 collegiate football players from 10 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division A universities. The study was designed to determine the presence and duration of neuropsychological symptoms after mild head injury. METHODS: A nonequivalent repeated measures control group design was used to compare the neuropsychological test scores and symptoms of injured players (n = 183) with those of gender, age, and education matched controls. A number of neuropsychological tests, including the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, the Digit Symbol Test, and the Trail Making Test, as well as a symptom checklist were used. TECHNIQUE: Players and controls were assessed before engaging in game activity and 24 hours, 5 days, and 10 days after injury, using the standardized test battery and symptom checklist. RESULTS: Players with head injuries displayed impaired performance and increased symptoms in comparison to controls, but this impairment resolved within 5 days in most players. Players with head injuries showed significant improvement between 24 hours and 5 days, as well as between 5 and 10 days. CONCLUSION: Although single, uncomplicated mild head injuries do cause limited neuropsychological impairment, injured players generally experience rapid resolution of symptoms with minimal prolonged sequelae.
Enhanced meta-analysis and replication studies identify five new psoriasis susceptibility loci (2015)

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex genetic architecture. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a recent meta-analysis using Immunochip data have uncovered 36 susceptibility loci. Here, we extend our previous meta-analysis of European ancestry by refined genotype calling and imputation and by the addition of 5,033 cases and 5,707 controls. The combined analysis, consisting of over 15,000 cases and 27,000 controls, identifies five new psoriasis susceptibility loci at genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)). The newly identified signals include two that reside in intergenic regions (1q31.1 and 5p13.1) and three residing near PLCL2 (3p24.3), NFKBIZ (3q12.3) and CAMK2G (10q22.2). We further demonstrate that NFKBIZ is a TRAF3IP2-dependent target of IL-17 signalling in human skin keratinocytes, thereby functionally linking two strong candidate genes. These results further integrate the genetics and immunology of psoriasis, suggesting new avenues for functional analysis and improved therapies.
Unmanned aerial vehicle as communication relay for autonomous underwater vehicle — Field tests (2014)

This paper describes field experiments with an X8 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operating as a wireless communication relay while loitering over a REMUS 100 Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) being at the ocean surface. The paper describes the design of the communication relay payload, network configuration, optimal flight conditions and UAV antenna mounting, and experimental results. Experiments were conducted under less than ideal conditions with rain and turbulent winds leading to unfavorable roll and pitch motions of the UAV, and small waves surrounding the AUV. The results with data download from the AUV through the UAV communication relay to a ground station shows that at the tested (typical) flight conditions the distance and attitude between the AUV and UAV are not the bottlenecks in the communication network. The main bottleneck was identified as the capacity of the proprietary wireless system on the REMUS 100 AUV which was not specified as a high capacity data link, and seems to be set up by the AUV system manufacturer to provide a relatively low capacity, but very robust, wireless data link regardless of signal strength and quality.
Modeling and simulation of the enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity of thick isolating layers in advanced ICs (2006)

A model is developed that yields a qualitative and a quantitative description of the enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity of BJTs. This effect is shown to be attributable to tail-state recombination increasing with dose rate for thick isolating layers experiencing a relatively low electric field.
A load-aware small-cell management mechanism to support green communications in 5G networks (2018)

Small cells are widely used to offer flexible deployment and improve signal quality. To serve an increasing number of users with large traffic demands, they are densely deployed in many hotspot regions to share the load of a macrocell. This network scenario is critical in the upcoming 5G epoch. However, the issue of managing small cells to provide load balance and save energy is rarely discussed. Therefore, the paper proposes a load-aware small-cell management (LSM) mechanism for 5G networks, which organizes small cells into groups. In each group, a chief base station (BS) is elected to manage mobile devices (MDs) in all small cells. When a cell contains many MDs, they are transferred to other cells to alleviate congestion in its BS. Beside, a BS serving only few MDs will sleep to save energy. Then, each BS allocates resource to its MDs with the objective of reducing packet discard of real-time flows. Through simulations, we show that LSM can better support green communications by saving more energy of BSs and keeping high network throughput.
Well Control Simulation Interfaced With Real Rig Equipment To Improve Training and Skills Validation (1994)

Abstract The importance of good well control training is well recognised. But in most cases, well control training is out of context in which the trainees do the job. To address this problem, the Software Pressure Upon Rig Simulator "SPURS" has been developed to make well control training more realistic and real rig based. The system is designed to improve the communications between crew members and competence in their working environment and provide validation of their training for such international standards as the European Well Control Forum. The paper describes the basic concept where a mathematical well control model running on a portable PC is interfaced with real rig equipment, a choke and its control console. The choke console has been made to respond to the mathematical model as if it was connected to a live well. The initial system has been developed and tested in the laboratory on the Cooper Oil Tools choke and choke control panel. The results from laboratory trials demonstrate the differences between the novice choke operator and the unproved performance with training on the system. At the time of writing field trials are being planned for the system.
Combinatorial Bayesian Optimization using the Graph Cartesian Product (2019)

This paper focuses on Bayesian Optimization (BO) for objectives on combinatorial search spaces, including ordinal and categorical variables. Despite the abundance of potential applications of Combinatorial BO, including chipset configuration search and neural architecture search, only a handful of methods have been proposed. We introduce COMBO, a new Gaussian Process (GP) BO. COMBO quantifies "smoothness" of functions on combinatorial search spaces by utilizing a combinatorial graph. The vertex set of the combinatorial graph consists of all possible joint assignments of the variables, while edges are constructed using the graph Cartesian product of the sub-graphs that represent the individual variables. On this combinatorial graph, we propose an ARD diffusion kernel with which the GP is able to model high-order interactions between variables leading to better performance. Moreover, using the Horseshoe prior for the scale parameter in the ARD diffusion kernel results in an effective variable selection procedure, making COMBO suitable for high dimensional problems. Computationally, in COMBO the graph Cartesian product allows the Graph Fourier Transform calculation to scale linearly instead of exponentially. We validate COMBO in a wide array of realistic benchmarks, including weighted maximum satisfiability problems and neural architecture search. COMBO outperforms consistently the latest state-of-the-art while maintaining computational and statistical efficiency.
Disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal transplant patient. (2013)

Histoplasma capsulatum is a common endemic mycosis. Infection typically goes unnoticed by an individual, but in immunosuppressed patients, it may become disseminated. We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis occurring 6 weeks after a kidney transplant. We discuss disseminated histoplasmosis and review its characteristic clinical, laboratory, and histologic manifestations, as well as current treatment modalities.
Mass Transport and Powder Source Evolution in Sublimation Growth of SiC Bulk Crystals (2001)

In this paper we study mass transport in SiC powder charge, employed as a source of reactive species in SiC bulk crystal growth, coupled with the species transport in the clearance between the powder and the seed. The study is aimed at finding correlation between growth conditions and powder evolution during a long-term growth process. We also examine how the growth conditions and the powder properties (porosity and mean size of SiC granule) influence SiC growth rate at the seed. The theoretical results are compared with available experimental data.
Transmission Performance of μ ≅ 255 Quantization in a Local Digital Office (1980)

Analog-to-digital conversion is required to terminate voice frequency loops and analog facilities in a digital central office. We demonstrate the appropriateness of the μ ≅ 255 quantization law for application in a local digital office. We show that the transmission performance for parameters determined by the choice of quantization law can all theoretically meet reasonable objectives with the μ ≅ 255 law. However, the crosstalk coupling loss required of analog plant preceding the digital switch may need to be improved to retain an acceptably low probability of intelligible crosstalk. This improvement in analog crosstalk loss may be obviated by more stringent control of the quantizer bias, by maintaining a minimum noise on the disturbed channels, or by a combination of both of these.
Silicon Micromechanical Resonators for RF-Applications (2004)

The small size and integrability make the silicon micromechanical rf-resonators attractive components for future wireless communication devices. In particular, we show that using the microresonators one can construct oscillators exhibiting low phase noise and good long-term stability. Such compact solutions challenge conventional quartz crystals in frequency reference applications.
Response to Drs. Chow, Hung, and Soo (2001)

Liu, Chi-Leung MS, FRCS (Edin); Ng, Irene Oi-Lin MD, FRCPath (UK); Fan, Sheung-Tat MS, MD, FRCS (Glasg & Edin) Author Information
Separable adaptive interpolation filter for video coding (2008)

Motion-compensated prediction using fractional-pel motion vectors followed by transform coding of the resulting prediction error is used in hybrid video coding. In the case of fractional-pel motion, pixels at fractional-pel positions have to be determined by interpolation. For this purpose, fixed interpolation filters are applied in H.264/AVC. By using fixed interpolation filters, time varying effects such as aliasing, quantization errors, errors from inaccurate motion estimation, camera noise, etc cannot be considered accurately. Thus, the coding efficiency of the motion compensated prediction is limited. The concept of adaptive interpolation filtering addresses these effects resulting in an increased coding efficiency. Since a non-separable adaptive filter is used in prior art, it is associated with a significantly increased computational expense at encoder and decoder. In order to reduce the computational expense, a separable adaptive interpolation filtering is proposed in this paper that achieves the same coding efficiency than the non-separable adaptive filter. With this separable interpolation filter, the computational expense of the filtering is reduced by 24% in case of 4times4 motion-compensated blocks, 36% in case of 8times8 motion-compensated blocks, and 42% in case of 16times16 motion-compensated blocks compared to a non-separable filter, whereas the computational expense is measured by the number of calculation operations.
<i>Ex vivo</i> pretreatment of bone marrow mononuclear cells with endothelial NO synthase enhancer AVE9488 enhances their functional activity for cell therapy (2006)

Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC) from patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) show a reduced neovascularization capacity in vivo. NO plays an important role in neovascularization, and NO bioavailability is typically reduced in patients with ICMP. We investigated whether the impaired neovascularization capacity of ICMP patient-derived progenitor cells can be restored by pretreatment with the novel endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) transcription enhancer AVE9488 (AVE). Ex vivo pretreatment of BMC from patients with ICMP with AVE significantly increased eNOS mRNA expression by 2.1-fold (P < 0.05) and eNOS activity as assessed by ESR by >3-fold (P < 0.05). The increased eNOS expression was associated with an enhanced migratory capacity in vitro (P < 0.01) and improved neovascularization capacity of the infused BMC in an ischemic hind limb model in vivo (P < 0.001). The improvement in ischemic limb perfusion after infusion of AVE-pretreated BMC resulted in an increase in swimming time (P < 0.05). The enhancement of limb perfusion by AVE-treated BMC was abrogated by ex vivo pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Consistently, AVE showed no effect on the impaired migratory capacity of BMC derived from eNOS-deficient mice, documenting the specific involvement of NO. The reduced neovascularization capacity of BMC from patients with ICMP may limit their therapeutic potential in cell therapy studies. Here, we show that pharmacological enhancement of eNOS expression with AVE at least partially reverses the impaired functional activity of BMC from ICMP patients, highlighting the critical role of NO for progenitor cell function.
Protection against Alloxan-Induced Diabetes by Diethyldithiocarbamate and Disulfiram in Mice (1994)

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDC, 0.25-2.00 mmol/kg) injected into mice at 0.5 hr prior to alloxan administration dose-dependently protected the mice against the diabetogenic actions of 75 mg/kg alloxan. Disulfiram (DS, 0.50-2.00 mmol/kg), a corresponding disulfide form, also exhibited similar protection. The maximum effect of DEDC was found by dosing at 0.5 hr prior to alloxan, and the effect afforded by DEDC pretreatment persisted up to 3 hr, whereas the effect of DS was exhibited when the compound was given 0.5 hr prior to alloxan. Of the metabolites of DEDC, diethylamine and carbon disulfide had no effect. At 0.5 hr after injection, DEDC alone had a potent increasing ability on blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner, but DS was less potent. Mannoheptulose, an antagonist of glucose action at pancreatic beta-cells, when given 24 min after DEDC and 6 min before alloxan, eliminated the DEDC-induced protection. Fasted mice did not exhibit hyperglycemia at 0.5 hr after DEDC injection, and alloxan given at that time produced diabetes. These findings indicate that DEDC itself protected mice from alloxan-induced diabetes by the indirect mechanism of producing hyperglycemia at the time of alloxan administration. The anti-diabetogenic action of low doses of DS and DEDC, in animals lacking hyperglycemia at the time of alloxan injection, is likely based on a mechanism other than one involving hyperglycemia.
The Sensor Selection Problem for Bounded Uncertainty Sensing Models (2006)

We address the problem of selecting sensors so as to minimize the error in estimating the position of a target. We consider a generic sensor model where the measurements can be interpreted as polygonal, convex subsets of the plane. In our model, the measurements are merged by intersecting corresponding subsets, and the measurement uncertainty corresponds to the area of the intersection. This model applies to a large class of sensors, including cameras. We present an approximation algorithm which guarantees that the resulting error in estimation is within factor 2 of the least possible error. In establishing this result, we formally prove that a constant number of sensors suffice for a good estimate-an observation made by many researchers. We demonstrate the utility of this result in an experiment where 19 cameras are used to estimate the position of a target on a known plane. In the second part of this paper, we study relaxations of the problem formulation. We consider 1) a scenario where we are given a set of possible locations of the target (instead of a single estimate) and 2) relaxations of the sensing model. Note to Practitioners-This paper addresses a problem which arises in applications where many sensors are used to estimate the position of a target. For most sensing models, the estimates get better as the number of sensors increases. On the other hand, energy and communication constraints may render it impossible to use the measurements from all sensors. In this case, we face the sensor selection problem: how to select a "good" subset of sensors so as to obtain "good" estimates. We show that under a fairly restricted sensing model, a constant number of sensors are always competitive with respect to all sensors and present an algorithm for selecting such sensors. In obtaining this result, we assume that the sensor locations are known. In future research, we will investigate methods that are robust with respect to errors in sensor localization/calibration
Energy Losses of Sound Waves in Metals Due to Scattering and Diffusion (1948)

When high frequency longitudinal and transverse sound waves are sent through a multicrystalline rod of metal, attenuation losses result because of scattering and diffusion of sound waves by the grains. When the grain size is less than one-third of the wave-length, these losses are due to Rayleigh fourth power law scattering and are proportional to the grain volume. The scattering factor depends on the anisotropy of the elastic constants. Two different factors are obtained, one for shear waves and one for longitudinal waves. These factors have been evaluated for cubic and hexagonal metals. From the measured elastic constants the only metals with a low loss are aluminum, magnesium, and tungsten. The calculations indicate that the losses for aluminum and magnesium are about equal for longitudinal waves, but for shear waves magnesium has a very low shear loss. It has been found experimentally that magnesium has nearly as low a loss as fused quartz. Experiments with higher frequencies show that when the wave-length is one-third of the grain size or less, the transmission process becomes a diffusion process similar to the propagation of a heat wave. The grain sizes determine the mean free path, and the loss becomes inversely proportional to the grain diameter. An approximate formula for diffusion losses has been obtained which agrees closely with the experimental values.
Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling Maintains Endothelial Cell Barrier Function and Protects Against Immune Complex–Induced Vascular Injury (2018)

Our findings indicate that S1P<sub>1</sub> signaling in ECs modulates vascular responses to IC deposition. S1P<sub>1</sub> agonists and ApoM-Fc enhance the EC barrier, limit leukocyte escape from capillaries, and provide protection against inflammatory injury. The S1P/S1P<sub>1</sub> axis is a newly identified target to attenuate tissue responses to IC deposition and mitigate end-organ damage.
GPR11, a Putative Seven-Transmembrane G Protein-Coupled Receptor, Controls Zoospore Development and Virulence of Phytophthora sojae (2009)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large receptor family involved in a broad spectrum of cell signaling. To understand signaling mechanisms mediated by GPCRs in Phytophthora sojae, we identified and characterized the PsGPR11 gene, which encodes a putative seven-transmembrane GPCR. An expression analysis revealed that PsGPR11 was differentially expressed during asexual development. The highest expression level occurred in zoospores and was upregulated during early infection. PsGPR11-deficienct transformants were obtained by gene silencing strategies. Silenced transformants exhibited no differences in hyphal growth or morphology, sporangium production or size, or mating behavior. However, the release of zoospores from sporangia was severely impaired in the silenced transformants, and about 50% of the sporangia did not completely release their zoospores. Zoospore encystment and germination were also impaired, and zoospores of the transformants lost their pathogenicity to soybean. In addition, no interaction was observed between PsGPR11 and PsGPA1 with a conventional yeast two-hybrid assay, and the transcriptional levels of some genes which were identified as being negatively regulated by PsGPA1 were not clearly altered in PsGPR11-silenced mutants. These results suggest that PsGPR11-mediated signaling controls P. sojae zoospore development and virulence through the pathways independent of G protein.