gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR‐ACTIVATED RECEPTOR‐γ AGONISTS ATTENUATE ANGIOTENSIN II‐INDUCED COLLAGEN TYPE I EXPRESSION IN ADVENTITIAL FIBROBLASTS (2007)

1. Angiotensin (Ang) II-mediated oxidative stress may be important in enhanced adventitial fibroblast collagen formation. The aim of the present study was to test whether PPAR-gamma agonists 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ2) and pioglitazone could alter AngII-induced collagen type I formation in vascular adventitial fibroblasts via reactive oxygen species (ROS). 2. Vascular adventitial fibroblasts were isolated from rat thoracic aortas of male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with different concentrations of AngII for different periods of time. The expression of collagen type I induced by AngII was examined by western blot. Expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intracellular ROS generation was measured by flow cytometry. Activation of transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and activator protein (AP)-1 was assessed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. 3. Angiotensin II increased expression of collagen type I in a time- and dose-dependent manner in adventitial fibroblasts. In addition, AngII stimulated intracellular generation of ROS in adventitial fibroblasts. Pretreatment of cells with 15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone attenuated collagen type I expression and generation of ROS induced by AngII, respectively. Moreover, we observed that N-acetylcysteine inhibited collagen type I expression induced by AngII as did the PPAR-gamma agonists. Angiotensin II treatment activated the redox-sensitive transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1, whereas pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone reduced the AngII-induced DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB but not AP-1. 4 Our data demonstrate that the PPAR-gamma agonists 15d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone attenuate AngII-mediated collagen type I expression in adventitial fibroblasts, which may be mediated by the modulation of ROS release and the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB.
Convenient Solid-Phase Synthesis of Diethylenetriaminepenta-Acetic Acid (DTPA)– Conjugated Cyclic RGD Peptide Analogues (2005)

Solid-phase synthesis of radiometal chelator-conjugated peptides can facilitate the creation of radioactive peptide libraries to be utilized in high throughput in vivo screening of targeted nuclear-imaging agents. In this study, a new diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivative, 1-(p-succinamidobenzyl)- DTPA penta-t-butyl ester [DTPA(But)(5)-Bz-NH-SA], and its precursor molecule, 1-(p-aminobenzyl)- DTPA penta-t-butyl ester (DTPA(But)(5)-Bz-NH(2)), were applied to the solid-phase synthesis of DTPA-conjugated cyclic peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif with high efficiency. The resulting conjugates, DTPA-Bz-NH-SA-c(Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-phe) [DTPA-Bz-NH-SA-c(KRGDf)] and DTPA-Bz-NHc( Glu-Arg-Gly-Asp-phe) [DTPA-Bz-NH-c(KRGDf)], demonstrated similar in vitro biologic activities as their corresponding parent peptides. (111)In-labeled, DTPA-conjugated RGD peptides showed selective binding to integrin alphavbeta3 in human melanoma M21 tumors grown in nude mice. Furthermore, (111)In-DTPABz- NH-c(ERGDf) showed lower retention in the liver and the kidney than (111)In-DTPA-Bz-NH-SAc( KRGDf) did, which contributed to higher target to nontarget ratio for (111)In-DTPA-Bz-NH-c(ERGDf). The method reported here can be extended to the construction of peptide libraries containing DTPA for high throughput in vitro and in vivo screening of molecularly targeted imaging agents.
Rapid Resetting of the Mammalian Circadian Clock (1999)

The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) contain the principal circadian clock governing overt daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. The endogenous circadian cycle is entrained to the light/dark via direct glutamatergic retinal afferents to the SCN. To understand the molecular basis of entrainment, it is first necessary to define how rapidly the clock is reset by a light pulse. We used a two-pulse paradigm, in combination with cellular and behavioral analyses of SCN function, to explore the speed of resetting of the circadian oscillator in Syrian hamster and mouse. Analysis of c-fos induction and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in the retinorecipient SCN demonstrated that the SCN are able to resolve and respond to light pulses presented 1 or 2 hr apart. Analysis of the phase shifts of the circadian wheel-running activity rhythm of hamsters presented with single or double pulses demonstrated that resetting of the oscillator occurred within 2 hr. This was the case for both delaying and advancing phase shifts. Examination of delaying shifts in the mouse showed resetting within 2 hr and in addition showed that resetting is not completed within 1 hr of a light pulse. These results establish the temporal window within which to define the primary molecular mechanisms of circadian resetting in the mammal.
Elimination of Tungsten-voids in middle-of-line contacts for advanced planar CMOS AND FinFET technology (2016)

As dimension of middle-of-line contacts scale down, the Tungsten (W) gap-fill capability is critical, and we starts to see function failure in SRAM and logic circuit caused by W-voids. We had observed that formation of W-voids is related to the contact profile, nucleation/barrier on sidewall, and deposition methods. Furthermore, even those initially "good" W-plugs are formed, the subsequent process steps may damage the W-plug toward voids and they lead to high resistance and failures in logic circuit and SRAM. We analyzed mechanisms and illustrated solutions systematically with in-line detection method also discussed for technology development as well as manufacturing in paper.
A comparative evaluation of the tissue responses associated with polymeric implants in the rat and mouse (2001)

End product application is an important consideration when evaluating a material in an in vivo setting (Didisheim, Cardiovasc Pathol 1993;2:1S-2S). Small animal models allow high through-put evaluation of biocompatability. Previous preclinical evaluations have often used a rat subcutaneous model for the characterization of material-tissue interaction. Recent advances in genetic manipulation have provided mouse models with selective expression of a wide range of critical proteins. The rat model does not have many of the resources (i.e., knockouts, SCID, nude) that are present in mouse strains. The availability of these mice provides a resource to delineate the mechanisms regulating the healing associated with implants. However, before the mouse models can be used, they must be validated with respect to their ability to accurately assess tissue responses to materials. In this study the tissue responses after the implantation of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) were compared between rat and mouse. Discs of ePTFE (30-microm internodal distance) were implanted in subcutaneous and epididymal fat tissue of rats (Sprague-Dawley) and mice (129-SVJ). After 5 weeks the samples were removed and evaluated for vascular density, inflammation, and fibrous encapsulation. No difference in the vessel density was observed within the peri-implant subcutaneous and adipose tissue or within the porous material. However, a significant difference was found in the number of activated macrophages and giant cells between these two species. Implants in the rat exhibited greater numbers of activated inflammatory cells in the peri-implant tissue. The data indicate that the mouse and rat provide a comparable model for evaluating angiogenesis and neovascularization associated with synthetic porous implants.
Attraction of the bark beetle <i>Tomicus piniperda</i> and some other bark‐ and wood‐living beetles to the host volatiles α‐pinene and ethanol (1988)

Abstract The attraction of some bark‐ and ambrosia beetles as well as associated beetles to the host volatiles α‐pinene and ethanol was studied in field tests with flight barrier traps. Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Scolytidae), Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Cleridae), and Rhizophagus ferrugineus (Payk.) (Rhizophagidae) were attracted by α‐pinene, while Hylurgops palliatus (Gyll.) and Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) (Scolytidae) were attracted by ethanol and Epuraea spp. (Nitidulidae) by both α‐pinene and ethanol. Combinations of α‐pinene and ethanol attracted high numbers of H. palliatus, T. lineatum, R. ferrugineus, Epuraea spp., and Glischrochilus spp. (Nitidulidae) and the catches increased with increasing release rates of ethanol. By contrast, lower numbers of T. piniperda were caught in traps baited with combinations of α‐pinene and ethanol than in traps baited with α‐pinene alone, and the catches of this species decreased with increasing release rates of ethanol. Traps baited with a combination of α‐pinene and ethanol or with α‐pinene alone caught similar numbers of T. formicarius . The results are discussed on the basis of species differences in preference for breeding substrate.
A Simulation System of THROWS Architecture for WS-SAGAS (2004)

With web services compositions emergence, the current research efforts are toward availability and reliability enhancement in distributed and loosely coupled systems. We proposed in a previous work WS-SAGAS transaction model and THROWS architecture for web services compositions reliable specification and execution. The purpose of this paper is to report on a simulation system that we implemented to check out our proposal applicability and confidence degree.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR chemical shifts of the carbon atoms of the methoxymethyl group of di‐<i>ortho</i>‐substituted aromatic methoxymethyl ethers (1989)

Abstract Complete 13 C spectral assignments of 28 aromatic methoxymethyl ethers bearing different substituents and substitution patterns were made. While meta ‐, para ‐ or mono‐ ortho ‐substitution did not significantly affect the 13 C resonances of the carbon atoms of the methoxymethyl group, di‐ ortho ‐substitution produced the deshielding of both carbons. This effect was more pronounced on the methylene carbon atom.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Ring-Opened 17-Hydroxywortmannins: Potent Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors with Improved Properties and Anticancer Efficacy (2008)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is frequently up-regulated in human cancer and is a promising target for the treatment of cancer. Wortmannin and its analogues are potent inhibitors of PI3K but suffer from inherent defects such as instability, insolubility, and toxicity. Opening of the reactive furan ring of 17-hydroxywortmannin with amines gives compounds with improved properties such as greater stability and aqueous solubility and a larger therapeutic index. Ring-opened analogues such as compound 13 containing basic amine groups have significantly increased PI3K inhibitory potency and greater efficacy in nude mouse xenograft assays.
Development of a Training Model for Naval Flight Students (1974)

The present research effort was directed toward the development of a part-whole flight training model by separating the maneuvers in pre-solo training into component parts by: 1) developing highly detailed descriptions of all maneuvers in pre-solo training; 2) isolating those critical errors within each of the maneuvers; 3) performing two commonality analyses on the maneuvers (one based on similar flight tasks and the other on similar flight errors); and 4) developing inflight/simulator scenarios which could be used to impact upon both flight tasks and pilot errors. The results of this investigation seem to indicate that the scenarios involving continuous control of the aircraft during basic climbs, descents, turns, and straight and level flight and the two discrete task sequences during dirty configuration entry and preparation for break/break turn could impact greatly upon the initial skill requirements needed inflight training.
Slope analysis for recognition and characterization of strongly overlapped chromatographic peaks (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSlope analysis for recognition and characterization of strongly overlapped chromatographic peaksEli. Grushka and Gilbert C. MonacelliCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 3, 484–489Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60311a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60311a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multichannel, high-energy railgap switch (1978)

A low-inductance, multichannel railgap switch has been developed which is capable of switching 20 kJ at 500 kA. The switch has low jitter, a wide operating voltage range and low electrode erosion rate.
Calculation of critical loading condition with nose curve using homotopy continuation method (1991)

A new method is presented for calculating the nose curves and critical loading conditions of power systems. The nose curve (PV curve), which donates the relationship between total load and system voltages, is calculated by a new approach based on the homotopy continuation method. The critical loading condition, which might be called the bifurcation point, is also calculated precisely as the final point of the nose curve. This method does not require an exhausting cut-and-try process or a rough-approximation process. It is based on the conventional Newton-Raphson load flow calculation, but it overcomes the numerical difficulties associated with the singularity of the Jacobian matrix. The results of applying the proposed method to the IEEE 118-bus system and to other large practical systems (e.g., a 496-bus system) verify its robustness and feasibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Boron-Nitrogen Bonds in the Higher Boranes (1964)

The EtNH2 B8 H11 NHEt molecular structure, in which both a ligand N and a bridge N occur, is a particularly stable system. The relation of this structure to the problem concerning the boron radius is presented briefly.
Lightweight Management of Authorization Update on Cloud Data (2013)

While outsourcing data to cloud, security and efficiency issues should be taken into account. However, it is very challenging to design a secure and efficient mechanism supporting authorization updates. In this paper, we aim to provide a mechanism supporting authorization updates which only incurs a lightweight cost of authorization updates and meanwhile supports a high level of security. This mechanism is consisted of two encryption schemes performed in different layers. The inner-layer encryption scheme is performed on the original plaintext and the generated cipher text is called inner-layer cipher text, while a part of the inner-layer cipher text is encrypted by the outer-layer encryption scheme to generate cipher text, called out-layer cipher text. These two encryption schemes are both performed by data owner. The inner-layer encryption realizes the initial authorization policy, while the outer-layer encryption reflects the updated authorization policy. We implement the proposed mechanism and conduct extensive experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism outperforms previous existing approaches, e.g. single-layer encryption and double-layer encryption.
Production of Brominating Intermediates by Myeloperoxidase (2001)

The existence of interhalogen compounds was proposed more than a century ago, but no biological roles have been attributed to these highly oxidizing intermediates. In this study, we determined whether the peroxidases of white blood cells can generate the interhalogen gas bromine chloride (BrCl). Myeloperoxidase, the heme enzyme secreted by activated neutrophils and monocytes, uses H2O2 and Cl(-) to produce HOCl, a chlorinating intermediate. In contrast, eosinophil peroxidase preferentially converts Br(-) to HOBr. Remarkably, both myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase were able to brominate deoxycytidine, a nucleoside, and uracil, a nucleobase, at plasma concentrations of Br(-) (100 microM) and Cl(-) (100 mM). The two enzymes used different reaction pathways, however. When HOCl brominated deoxycytidine, the reaction required Br(-) and was inhibited by taurine. In contrast, bromination by HOBr was independent of Br(-) and unaffected by taurine. Moreover, taurine inhibited 5-bromodeoxycytidine production by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl(-)- Br(-) system but not by the eosinophil peroxidase-H2O2-Cl(-)-Br(-) system, indicating that bromination by myeloperoxidase involves the initial production of HOCl. Both HOCl-Br(-) and the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl(-)-Br(-) system generated a gas that converted cyclohexene into 1-bromo-2-chlorocyclohexane, implicating BrCl in the reaction. Moreover, human neutrophils used myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and Br(-) to brominate deoxycytidine by a taurine-sensitive pathway, suggesting that transhalogenation reactions may be physiologically relevant. 5-Bromouracil incorporated into nuclear DNA is a well known mutagen. Our observations therefore raise the possibility that transhalogenation reactions initiated by phagocytes provide one pathway for mutagenesis and cytotoxicity at sites of inflammation.
Differential cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme expression in radiosensitive versus radioresistant glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. (2005)

The results presented here show that the radioresistant GBM cell line, T98G, has a greater expression of COX-2 than does the radiosensitive GBM cell line, A172. These results suggest that: (i) COX-2 expression may serve as a marker for assessing radioresistance in GBM, (ii) COX-2 inhibition may lower the required doses of postoperative radiation, (iii) COX-2 inhibitors may have a role in radiosensitizing otherwise radioresistant forms of GBM.
Design Analysis of a Novel Low Triggering Voltage Dual Direction SCR ESD Device in 0.18μm Mixed Mode RFCMOS Technology (2008)

A novel SCR on-chip ESD device is proposed to protect IC chips against ESD stressing in two opposite directions.The triggering voltages of four types of dual direction SCRs (DDSCR) are compared and analyzed.pMOS or nMOS are embedded into the structures to adjust their triggering voltages.Both MOSFETs embedded DDSCRs have tunable triggering voltage,low DC leakage (~pA),and fast turn on speed snapback I-V characteristics without latch-up problem.It achieves high ESD performance of ~94V/μm.The new ESD protection devices are area efficient and can reduce the parasitic effects significantly.
Recommendations from the iSBTc-SITC/FDA/NCI Workshop on Immunotherapy Biomarkers (2011)

Although specific immune parameters and assays are not yet validated, we recommend following standardized (accurate, precise, and reproducible) protocols and use of functional assays for the primary immunologic readouts of a trial; consideration of central laboratories for immune monitoring of large, multi-institutional trials; and standardized testing of several phenotypic and functional potential potency assays specific to any cellular product. When reporting results, the full QA (quality assessment)/QC (quality control) should be conducted and selected examples of truly representative raw data and assay performance characteristics should be included. Finally, to promote broader analysis of multiple aspects of immunity, and gather data on variability, we recommend that in addition to cells and serum, RNA and DNA samples be banked (under standardized conditions) for later testing. We also recommend that sufficient blood be drawn to allow for planned testing of the primary hypothesis being addressed in the trial, and that additional baseline and posttreatment blood is banked for testing novel hypotheses (or generating new hypotheses) that arise in the field.
Relative mutation rates at di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci (1997)

Using the generalized stepwise mutation model, we propose a method of estimating the relative mutation rates of microsatellite loci, grouped by the repeat motif. Applying ANOVA to the distributions of the allele sizes at microsatellite loci from a set of populations, grouped by repeat motif types, we estimated the effect of population size differences and mutation rate differences among loci. This provides an estimate of motif-type-specific mutation rates up to a multiplicative constant. Applications to four different sets of di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide loci from a number of human populations reveal that, on average, the non-disease-causing microsatellite loci have mutation rates inversely related to their motif sizes. The dinucleotides appear to have mutation rates 1.5-2 times higher than the tetranucleotides, and the non-disease-causing trinucleotides have mutation rates intermediate between the di- and tetranucleotides. In contrast, the disease-causing trinucleotides have mutation rates 3.9-6.9 times larger than the tetranucleotides. Comparison of these estimates with the direct observations of mutation rates at microsatellites indicates that the earlier suggestion of higher mutation rates of tetranucleotides in comparison with the dinucleotides may stem from a nonrandom sampling of tetranucleotide loci in direct mutation assays.
Technical change and funds for science and technology (2004)

In this paper, first a new model, the G‐C‐D model, which is used to measure the technological advance, is built. The progress with non‐technical elements in Solow's “remaining value” is removed by using the idea, method and modeling technique of grey system theory. So the difficult technical problem in measurement of technological advance has been solved to a certain extent. Secondly, another new model, the G‐E model, which combines the Grey model with the econometrics model, is built. Using the principle of grey incidence to analyse and cluster system factors, adopting the GM(1,1) simulated values of system's variables to build the econometrics model and confirming the predicted values with grey models, some difficult techniques in econometrics model building have been solved. Thirdly, the periodic G‐C‐D model of Henan Province is built in four different periods and the contribution rate of the periodic technological advance of Henan Province is measured. Lastly, the technical change and the relation between the technical change and the funds for science and technology of Henan Province are analysed with the grey production function (the G‐C‐D) and the grey‐econometrics combined model (the G‐E), and some useful outcome for policy‐making body are obtained.
Antioxidative Arginine‐Xylose Maillard Reaction Products: Conditions for Synthesis (1983)

ABSTRACT Antioxidative Maillard reaction products can be formed from arginine and xylose. The effects of time, initial pH and molar ratio of arginine to xylose on the yield of antioxidative activity were investigated. The best results were obtained by refluxing 1M arginine HCl with 1M xylose in water at 100°C for 10–20 hr at an initial pH of 5. The use of 1:1 pyridine/water reaction medium produced a twofold increase in activity suggesting the role of a base catalyst for the production of maximum yields.