gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation in the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells by 17B-estradiol and tamoxifen (1989)

Colony-forming ability after exposure to ionizing irradiation was compared for proliferating hormone response MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and cells whose growth was inhibited by tamoxifen or 17B-estradiol. As compared with controls (Do = 1.20 Gy, n = 3.1), cells in 1 microM or 5 microM tamoxifen were less radiosensitive (Do = 1.20 Gy, n = 7.0; Do = 1.22 Gy, n = 7.0, respectively) with the predominant effect being a widened shoulder on the survival curve. This protective effect could be abolished by co-incubation of 5 microM tamoxifen with 100 nM 17B-estradiol (Do = 1.30 Gy, n = 2.6; Do = 1.20 Gy, n = 2.6, respectively). The decrease in radiosensitivity induced by tamoxifen was similar to that seen when replating of irradiated plateau-phase cultures was delayed for 24 h (Do = 1.30 Gy, n = 6.0). In contrast, when proliferation of MCF-7 cultures was inhibited by 10 microM 17B-estradiol, radiosensitivity was increased with a markedly diminished survival curve shoulder (Do = 1.40 Gy, n = 1.0). Different hormonal manipulations of cycling human breast carcinoma cells may have profound but disparate effects on radiosensitivity such that tamoxifen and estrogens may serve as useful agents with which to study the biochemical mechanisms of repair.
A Dielectric Study of the State of Water in Plant Stems (1987)

Pissis, P., Anagnostopoulou-Konsta, A. and Apekis, L. 1987. A dielectric study of the state of water in plant stems.-J. exp. Bot. 38: 1528-1540.We report on thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurements on plant stems of six different species in the temperature range of 77-300 K and over a wide range of water contents, in an attempt to determine the binding modes of water molecules. The measurements revealed the existence of three dielectric dispersions. The first dispersion at low temperatures is attributed to the reorientation of loosely bound water molecules. The origin of the second dispersion at intermediate temperatures is not yet clear. It is either due to the reorientation of tightly bound water molecules or to the relaxation of some botanical materials rather than water. Finally, the third dispersion, at high temperatures, is attributed to water-assisted space charge polarization connected with dc ionic conductivity. The amount of tightly bound water is estimated to be about 0·2-g-g{squared minus}1 of dry material or about 30% of the total water content, the rest being mainly loosely bound water. Little or none of the water behaves dielectrically like pure water. © 1987 Oxford University Press.
Collagenase IV plays an important role in regulating hair cycle by inducing VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β expression. (2015)

All these data suggest that the type IV collagenases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, play important roles in hair cycle, and this could be mediated by induced expression of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β.
Metamaterial-Plasmonic Absorber Structure for High Efficiency Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (2011)

We show that a planar structure, consisting of an ultrathin semiconducting layer topped with a solid nanoscopically perforated metallic film and then a dielectric interference film, can highly absorb (superabsorb) electromagnetic radiation in the entire visible range, and thus can become a platform for high-efficiency solar cells. The perforated metallic film and the ultrathin absorber in this broadband superabsorber form a metamaterial effective film, which negatively refracts light in this broad frequency range. Our quantitative simulations confirm that the superabsorption bandwidth is maximized at the checkerboard pattern of the perforations. These simulations show also that the energy conversion efficiency of a single-junction amorphous silicon solar cell based on our optimized structure can exceed 12%.
AAZTA-5: a new kit-type chelator for Lu-177 and Sc-44 with theranostic application in conjunction with DATA-5m for Ga-68 (2016)

1069 Objectives Chelators for theranostic application provide access to tracers for imaging and therapy. The main representative is DOTA, whose conjuagtes like DOTA-TOC however are labeled under harsh conditions. The aim of this work was the development of a chelator and it’s TOC-derivative, that is capable of kit-type labeling (RT, pH 4.5-5.5). Both should be evaluated with Lu-177 as well as Sc-44 among kit-type labeling conditions. Methods The bifunctional chelator AAZTA-5 (6-Amino-6-(5-methoxy-5-oxopentyl)-1,4-diacepine-tetraacetate) was synthesized in a 5-step synthesis and further coupled with TOC in 3 steps. Both derivatives were characterized and labeled at room temperature with Lu-177, Sc-44 and Ga-68 varying pH, time and chelator concentration. Complex stabilities against PBS-buffer, human serum, DTPA and EDTA were tested and challenge studies against iron were performed. For comparison analog experiments were performed with the bifunctional chelator DATA-5m (6-Methylamino-6-(5-methoxy-5-oxopentyl)-1,4-diacepine-triacetate) for Ga-68 and with a DOTA analog (5-methoxy-5-oxopentyl-DO3A) with Lu-177, Sc-44 and Ga-68. Results Labeling studies of AAZTA-5 and AAZTA-5-TOC with all 3 radiometals showed quantitative yields at room temperature within minutes ( Conclusions The bifunctional chelator AAZTA-5 is able of complexing Sc-44, Ga-68 and Lu-177. In a proof-of-principle study AAZTA-5 showed the capability of adding a targeting vector to the binding side without losing the ability of kit-type labeling. AAZTA-5 and AAZTA-5-TOC showed quanititative labeling under mild conditions as well as high complex stabilities. Especially the stability for Sc-44 seems to be resilient enough for in vivo application. The AAZTA-5 is suitable forming a chelator couple with the DATA-5m, which opens a wide spectrum for the theranostics through kit-type labeling.
Analysis of trace element in solids by using laser ablation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (2000)

Summary form only given. We have proposed a very sensitive detection technique of trace element in samples such as polymers, metals and semiconductors. It is called laser ablation atomic fluorescence (LAAF) spectroscopy, which combines laser ablation process to atomize the sample surface and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy to make a quantitative analysis of the atoms in the ablated plume. LIF provides selective excitation of the trace element to avoid interference due to the resonant excitation with the probe laser. In this study, we demonstrated the availability of LAAF spectroscopy for the nano-meter scale analysis of the sample surface.
Comparison of the Photophysical Properties of a Planar, PtOEP, and a Nonplanar, PtOETPP, Porphyrin in Solution and Doped Films (2011)

The absorption and emission spectroscopic properties of planar (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinato)platinum(II) (PtOEP) and nonplanar (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)platinum(II) (PtOETPP) complexes have been studied at room temperature. Liquid solutions and doped films, in polystyrene (PS) and epoxy (EPO) polymers, have been investigated. In dilute liquid solution, the photophysical properties of the nonplanar complex are substantially perturbed compared to the planar analogue. Strong ligating solvents further affect the photophysical behavior of both Pt(II) complexes via axial ligation to the central metal ion. At high concentrations, ground state aggregation and excimer formation is observed for PtOEP films in PS and EPO hosts. Incorporation of the nonplanar PtOETPP complex in PS results in enhanced coplanarity of the meso-phenyl groups, leading to a more extended conjugation between the meso-substituents and the π-conjugated system of the macrocycle. A more planar conformer for the nonplanar PtOETPP is present in the EPO host.
How I treat von Willebrand disease (2009)

Recent multicenter studies have clarified the molecular basis underlying the different von Willebrand disease (VWD) types, all of which are caused by the deficiency and/or abnormality of von Willebrand factor (VWF). These studies have suggested a unifying pathophysiologic concept. The diagnosis of VWD, remains difficult because its clinical and laboratory phenotype is very heterogeneous and may overlap with normal subjects. Stringent criteria are therefore required for a clinically useful diagnosis. In this paper, we delineate a practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of VWD. Our approach is based on the critical importance of a standardized bleeding history that has been condensed into a final bleeding score and a few widely available laboratory tests, such as VWF ristocetin cofactor activity, VWF antigen and factor VIII. This approach would help identify those subjects who will probably benefit from a diagnosis of VWD. The next step involves performing a trial infusion with desmopressin in all patients who fail to exhibit an enhanced responsiveness to ristocetin. On the basis of these results and through a series of illustrative examples, the clinician will be able to select the best approach for the optimal management of VWD, according to the patient's characteristics and clinical circumstances.
Anxiety disorders and obesity. (2014)

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countries. On the other hand, obesity is recognized to be one of the greatest public health problems worldwide.The connection between body weight and mental disorders remains an open issue. Low body weight has been studied enough (anorexia nervosa is a typical example) but high body weight has not been addressed sufficiently. It is known that obesity has been related with depression. Although moderate level of evidence exists for a positive association between obesity and anxiety disorders, the exact association between these two conditions is not clear yet.The studies about this subject are quite few and they follow different methodology. Furthermore,anxiety disorders share some common elements such as anxiety, avoidance and chronicity, but they also present a great deal of differences in phenomenology, neurobiology, treatment response and prognosis. This factor makes general conclusions difficult to be drawn. Obesity has been associated with anxiety disorders as following: most of the studies show a positive relationship with panic disorder, mainly in women, with specific phobia and social phobia. Some authors have found a relationship with generalised anxiety disorder but a negative relationship has been also reported.Only few studies have found association between obesity and agoraphobia, panic attacks and posttraumatic stress disorder. There has not been reported a relationship between obesity and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The causal relationship from obesity to anxiety disorders and vice versa is still under investigation. Pharmacological factors used for obesity treatment, such as rimonabant,were associated with depression and anxiety. Questions still remain regarding the role of obesity severity and subtypes of anxiety disorders. Besides, it is well known that in the morbidly obese patients before undergoing surgical treatment, unusual prevalence of psychopathology, namely depression and anxiety disorders, is observed. Anxiety is also a common trait in personality disorders.There is no single personality type characteristic of the morbidly obese, they differ from the general population as their self-esteem and impulse control is lower. Obese patients present with passive-dependent and passive-aggressive personality traits, as well as a trend for somatization and problem denial. Their thinking is usually dichotomous and catastrophic. Obese patients also show low cooperativeness and fail to see the self as autonomous and integrated. When trying to participate in society roles they are subject to prejudice and discrimination and should be treated with concern to help alleviate their feelings of rejection and guilt.
Phosphate-binding loop and Rab GTPase function: mutations at Ser29 and Ala30 of Rab5 lead to loss-of-function as well as gain-of-function phenotype (2001)

Ras-like GTPases contain a structurally conserved GTP-binding domain. An important element of the GTP-binding domain is the phosphate-binding loop, which contains two Gly residues (Gly(12) and Gly(13)) in Ras. Because the two Gly residues are crucial for normal Ras function, it is intriguing that they are not conserved in other Ras-like GTPases, including the Rab GTPases; for example, the equivalent residues in Rab5 are Ser(29) and Ala(30). The present study builds on earlier biochemical characterizations of the Rab5 mutants containing substitutions at Ala(30) and provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure-function relationship of the Rab5 phosphate-binding loop. We have generated 19 new mutants containing amino acid substitutions at Ser(29) and determined whether these Ser(29) mutants, as well as the Ala(30) mutants, remain able to stimulate the endocytosis of horseradish peroxidase in baby hamster kidney cells. A total of 11 mutants lose the activity of stimulating endocytosis. Of these 11 mutants, 9 are defective in membrane association. In contrast, 27 mutants remain able to stimulate endocytosis. Five of them induce a novel cellular phenotype: cell rounding and detachment from culture dishes. They also induce super-large early endosomes such as the constitutively activated Rab5:Q79L mutant. Biochemical results suggest that the constitutive activation of Rab5 requires an increased nucleotide exchange rate and/or decreased GTPase activity. This study establishes functional significance for the phosphate-binding loop of Rab5 and shows that mutations in this region lead to either a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function phenotype, indicating a structure-function relationship distinct from that of Ras.
Mechanisms of Metabolic Activation and Inactivation of Catecholestrogens: A Basis of Genotoxicity (1994)

Abstract A mechanism of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis is examined which focuses on metabolic activation of estrogens and induction of cell damage prior to completion of the carcinogenic process by receptor-mediated cell transformation and tumor growth. Catecholestrogen metabolites or diethylstilbestrol may be metabolized to their quinones, which, in turn, may be reduced to the parent hydroquinone forms. This metabolic redox cycling is a source of potentially mutagenic free radicals. In this review, three types of estrogen-induced DNA damage are discussed: (i) covalent binding of estrogen quinone intermediates to DNA; (ii) free radical-mediated DNA damage such as single strand breaks and 8-hydroxylation of guanine bases of DNA; and (iii) DNA adducts formed by lipid hydroperoxides or their decomposition products. Lipid hydroperoxides are proposed to play a key role in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. As oxidants, they are consumed by supporting redox cycling. At the same time, they are formed as a result of redox cycling of estrogens. In the future, the biological consequences of this DNA damage needs to be examined and its role in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of urea inclusion complexes (2008)

In the present study a series of urea inclusion complexes (1-30) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Gram negative Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger . The most of the synthesized complexes have shown moderate antimicrobial activity. The urea inclusion complexes of capric acid, pamoic acid and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid were found to be the most active ones.
Recombinant human interleukin-3 and recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor administered in vivo after high- dose cyclophosphamide cancer chemotherapy: effect on hematopoiesis and microenvironment in human bone marrow (1992)

The effects on bone marrow (BM) cell proliferation and differentiation of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) administered after high-dose (7 g/m2/d) cyclophosphamide (HD-CTX) chemotherapy were studied in nine patients with malignancies without BM involvement and in three control patients. rhIL-3 at a dose of 1 to 5 micrograms/kg/day was administered for 14 to 18 days by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion and rhGM-CSF was administered at a dose of 5.5 micrograms/kg/day for 14 days. Changes induced by cytokine treatment were assessed by morphoimmunohistochemical analysis of BM biopsies. Comparison was made in the cytokine-treated groups and with control patients who received HD-CTX alone. BM cellularity and the myeloid/erythroid (ME) ratio were lower in rhIL-3-treated than in rhGM- CSF-treated patients, but in both groups it was significantly higher than in the controls. The proportion of BM cells stained by PC10, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing a proliferation-associated nuclear protein (PCNA), increased from 6.78% to 21.18% (P less than .02) after rhIL-3, and from 5% to 35.33% (P less than .001) after rhGM- CSF; no increase was observed in the control group. The frequency of CD34+ BM cells was unchanged after rhIL-3 (P = NS) and decreased after rhGM-CSF (P less than .001). In both groups, most of the PC10+ cells were represented by promyelocytes and myelocytes with no increase in blast cell numbers. rhIL-3-treated BM showed an increased number of megakaryocytes and increased proliferative activity of erythroid cells as compared with rhGM-CSF cases. BM stroma changes observed in both treated groups included endothelial cell proliferation, increased BM macrophage concentration, and increase in BM fibroblasts as detected with an anti-nerve growth factor receptor antibody. In most rhIL-3- treated cases, BM fibrosis developed after treatment. The same effect was not observed in rhGM-CSF patients.
Quantum walk speedup of backtracking algorithms (2015)

We describe a general method to obtain quantum speedups of classical algorithms which are based on the technique of backtracking, a standard approach for solving constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). Backtracking algorithms explore a tree whose vertices are partial solutions to a CSP in an attempt to find a complete solution. Assume there is a classical backtracking algorithm which finds a solution to a CSP on n variables, or outputs that none exists, and whose corresponding tree contains T vertices, each vertex corresponding to a test of a partial solution. Then we show that there is a bounded-error quantum algorithm which completes the same task using O(sqrt(T) n^(3/2) log n) tests. In particular, this quantum algorithm can be used to speed up the DPLL algorithm, which is the basis of many of the most efficient SAT solvers used in practice. The quantum algorithm is based on the use of a quantum walk algorithm of Belovs to search in the backtracking tree. We also discuss how, for certain distributions on the inputs, the algorithm can lead to an exponential reduction in expected runtime.
Nanoemulsion: A new concept of delivery system (2010)

Nanoemulsion has been identified as a promising delivery system for various drugs including biopharmaceuticals. Nanoemulsion is a heterogeneous system composed of one immiscible liquid dispersed as droplets within another liquid. The droplets size of nano emulsion is between 20 to 500 nm. Diameter and surface properties of droplets of nanoemulsion plays an important role in the biological behavior of the formulation. Small droplet sizes lead to transparent emulsions so that product appearance is not altered by the addition of an oil phase. In this paper various aspects of nanoemulsion have been discussed including advantages, disadvantages and methods of preparation. Furthermore new approaches of stability of formulation, effect of types and concentration of surfactant, process variables and method are also discussed to improve the stability of nanoemulsion formulation
Immunity to Chlamydial Infections of the Eye V. Passive Transfer of Antitrachoma Antibodies to Owl Monkeys (1973)

Previous studies have shown that owl monkeys which have had a trachoma agent infection were subsequently highly resistant to challenge by both homologous and heterologous organisms. In the present study, passive transfer of owl monkey serum containing antitrachoma antibody from immune monkeys did not protect recipient monkeys from infectious challenge with homologous trachoma. Antibody was not detectable in eye secretions of the recipient monkeys until the intensity of infection was waning, suggesting but not proving that local antibody synthesis rather than simple transudation of serum antibody occurs.
In Situ Spectrum Observation of Ga Deposition Process during GaAs Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Surface Photo-Absorption (1993)

In situ spectrum measurement by surface photo-absorption (SPA) is applied to study the Ga deposition process on (001) GaAs in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The change in SPA spectra is measured in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 800 nm, when triethylgallium is supplied on As-stabilized surface. The change at 470 nm is caused by the disappearance of the uppermost As dimer of c (4×4) surface followed by the appearance of a (2×4) As dimer domain or the formation of Ga-As back bonds. A broad spectrum from 500 nm to 800 nm is observed after one-monolayer Ga deposition, implying a correlation with Ga droplet formation. The calculated spectrum supports this broad spectrum being due to the photo-absorption by free Ga atoms on Ga-stabilized surface or metallic Ga atoms included in droplets.
Low Noise in Solid State Parametric Amplifiers at Microwave Frequencies (1959)

The principles of parametric amplification are described through the use of simple low-frequency electrical circuits and their mechanical analogs. Extension of these principles to low-noise amplification at microwave frequencies is made in a qualitative way which emphasizes the physical processes involved. Amplification is only achieved when energy is transferred from a microwave oscillator or pump to the signal frequency, and it is shown why such a transfer may take place in circuits exhibiting variable capacitance or inductance but not in circuits where only a resistance is varied. Major noise sources are discussed and the special role of the image or idler frequency is noted. Finally, experimental data on four different types of parametric amplifier (3 using semiconductor diodes and 1 using ferrite) are given.
Simulation and experiment of femtosecond laser polishing quartz material (2017)

Femtosecond laser is ideal tool for micro-machining of hard and brittle materials, such as quartz material. The basis of experiments on femtosecond laser polishing quartz shown that, when other process parameters were the same, the greater the scanning offset distance, the more obvious ravines in polished surface, the more rough bottom surface. Using MATLAB construct a mathematical model to explain the formation mechanism of roughness. Modeling indicated the parameter of femtosecond polishing should maximize the use of smaller laser energy, recycling roughness mathematical model to select the appropriate offset distance.