gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the differential expression of the functional alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor MC-1 on human monocytes (1997)

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is released by immunocompetent cells as well as the pituitary gland and functions as a potent inhibitor of immune and inflammatory reactions. Therefore, it was investigated whether normal human monocytes express melanocortin (MC) receptors specific for alpha-MSH. Upon FACS analysis using biotin-labeled alpha-MSH, a low number of alpha-MSH binding sites was detectable on unstimulated monocytes. alpha-MSH receptor expression was up-regulated when monocytes were treated with endotoxin (LPS) or mitogen (PHA) for 3 to 5 days and was further augmented by the addition of cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. Adrenocorticotropin, a precursor of alpha-MSH, but not the structurally unrelated beta-MSH, competitively inhibited alpha-MSH binding, suggesting that the receptor expressed on monocytes is specific for alpha-MSH. This was further confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR, which demonstrated that monocytes express mRNA specific for the MC receptor MC-1, which binds alpha-MSH and adrenocorticotropin, whereas mRNA specific for other known melanocortin receptors was not detectable. To investigate whether the immunosuppressing capacity of alpha-MSH is associated with the up-regulation of MC-1, its effect on the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD86 and CD80) on human monocytes was investigated. alpha-MSH significantly inhibited the expression of CD86 on LPS-treated monocytes, which exhibited a high density of MC-1, whereas CD80 expression was not altered. These findings indicate that human monocytes, depending on their activation and maturation state, are able to express MC-1, and up-regulation of MC-1 seems to be required to enable alpha-MSH to modulate immune responses in which costimulatory molecules play a decisive role.
A novel form of long-term depression in the CA1 area of the adult rat hippocampus independent of glutamate receptors activation (1998)

In young rats, low frequency (1–2 Hz) stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals for 15 min induces in the CA1 area of the hippocampus a homosynaptic and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent form of long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy. In the adults, while a similar stimulation paradigm is able to depress previously potentiated synapses, it leads to conflicting results when applied to naive synapses. In the present experiments, different stimulation paradigms have been used to induce LTD in the CA1 area of the adult rat hippocampus in vitro. Thus, stimulation of the afferent pathway at frequencies higher than those used to produce LTD in young animals (5–10 Hz, for 15 min) reliably induced a homosynaptic form of LTD. This form of LTD was associated with a significant increase in paired-pulse facilitation ratio and was insensitive to ionotropic (CNQX, 10 μm and CPP, 20 μm) and metabotropic (S-MCPG, 1 mm) glutamate receptors antagonists, suggesting a presynaptic mechanism for both LTD induction and expression. In conclusion, our experiments clearly show that LTD is not a purely developmental phenomenon but is present also in mature rats, which possess the whole machinery for LTD induction and this will greatly enhance the flexibility and the storing capacity of neuronal circuits.
Unicore and the Open Grid Services Architecture (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Implementation Lessons Conclusions and Future Directions References
A neural network model of object segmentation and feature binding in visual cortex (2003)

The authors present neural network simulations of how the visual cortex may segment objects and bind attributes based on depth-from-occlusion. They briefly discuss one particular subprocess in the occlusion-based model most relevant to segmentation and binding: determination of the direction of figure. They propose that the model allows addressing a central issue in object recognition: how the visual system defines an object. In addition, the model was tested on illusory stimuli, with the network's response indicating the existence of robust psychophysical properties in the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Piecewise C/sup 1/ continuous surface reconstruction of noisy point clouds via local implicit quadric regression (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of surface reconstruction of highly noisy point clouds. The surfaces to be reconstructed are assumed to be 2-manifolds of piecewise C/sup 1/ continuity, with isolated small irregular regions of high curvature, sophisticated local topology or abrupt burst of noise. At each sample point, a quadric field is locally fitted via a modified moving least squares method. These locally fitted quadric fields are then blended together to produce a pseudo-signed distance field using Shepard's method. We introduce a prioritized front growing scheme in the process of local quadrics fitting. Flatter surface areas tend to grow faster. The already fitted regions will subsequently guide the fitting of those irregular regions in their neighborhood.
A informação como mercadoria e a estetização da notícia na sociedade contemporânea (2011)

This paper aims to promote a critical reflection on rational understanding of the information as a commodity and the consequent aesthetization of the news in the contemporaneity. There will be a special attention to the interference of the logic on the Publicity of the Journalism in the historical course of the capitalist society, as in the global context, as in the Brazilian reality. The text will provide excerpts from The Society of the Spectacle and Comments on the Society of the Spectacle, written by Guy Debord, who is the main reference for the investigative work developed by the Group of Research “Communication and the Society of the Spectacle”.
Basic Background in 3D Object Processing (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: 3D Representation and Models 3D Data Source 3D Quality Concepts Summary References
<i>N</i>‐linked glycan profiling of <scp>GGTA</scp>1/<scp>CMAH</scp> knockout pigs identifies new potential carbohydrate xenoantigens (2013)

We provide for the first time a comparison of the serum protein glycomes of the human, domestic pig, and genetically modified pigs important to xenotransplantation.
Dequalinium (2002)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels have been shown to be blocked by diltiazem, tetracaine, polyamines, toxins, divalent cations, and other compounds. Dequalinium is an organic divalent cation which suppresses the rat small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel 2 (rSK2) and the activity of protein kinase C. In this study, we have tested the ability of dequalinium to block CNGA1 channels and heteromeric CNGA1+CNGB1 channels. When applied to the intracellular side of inside-out excised patches from Xenopus oocytes, dequalinium blocks CNGA1 channels with a K(1/2) approximately 190 nM and CNGA1+CNGB1 channels with a K(1/2) approximately 385 nM, at 0 mV. This block occurs in a state-independent fashion, and is voltage dependent with a zdelta approximately 1. Our data also demonstrate that dequalinium interacts with the permeant ion probably because it occupies a binding site in the ion conducting pathway. Dequalinium applied to the extracellular surface also produced block, but with a voltage dependence that suggests it crosses the membrane to block from the inside. We also show that at the single-channel level, dequalinium is a slow blocker that does not change the unitary conductance of CNGA1 channels. Thus, dequalinium should be a useful tool for studying permeation and gating properties of CNG channels.
Etching of organic low dielectric constant material SiLK™ on the Lam Research Corporation 4520XL<scp>E</scp>™ (2000)

Various processes were investigated to etch the low κ dielectric material SiLK™. Because SiLK is a polymeric material, the two main process options are either an oxidizing or a reducing etch gas mixture which uses either oxygen or hydrogen as the main etchant gas, respectively. Hydrogen-based etch processes were found to have a large process window but slow etch rates and minimal profile control. When oxygen was used as the primary etch gas, a hydrocarbon was added for sidewall passivation. These oxygen-based processes demonstrated higher etch rates, and the addition of ethylene provided more control of the etch profile. The oxygen to ethylene flow ratio was found to be the dominant factor controlling the etch profile. Reduced hardmask faceting was achieved for both the hydrogen-based and oxygen-based processes by running with low rf power. Significant changes in etch rate, profile angle, and hardmask faceting were observed as the photoresist was cleared from the hardmask during the etch. These changes are caused by the changing etch chemistry as a result of the dramatic reduction in the area of organic film exposed to the plasma. Finally, the transfer of the final process to another organic film, FLARE™ was demonstrated.
Double‐Layer Structure Photoanode with TiO <sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Nanoparticles for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

Here, we report a novel double‐layer structure photoanode with TiO 2 nanotube ( TNT ) layer and TiO 2 nanoparticle ( TP ) layer via a two‐step method of electrochemical anodization and screen printing for dye‐sensitized solar cells ( DSSC s). The results indicate that DSSC s with this double‐layer structure have significant advantages of large surface area, long electron lifetime, superior electron recombination restraint characteristics, and high light scattering. The layer thickness of nanotubes and nanoparticles is also investigated and finally an optimized double‐layer structure with excellent performance is prepared. With such a double‐layer structure photoanode, DSSC with a relative high conversion efficiency of 6.43% and a short‐circuit photocurrent density of 16.40 mA·cm −2 is obtained.
<scp>SETDB1</scp> accelerates tumourigenesis by regulating the <scp>WNT</scp> signalling pathway (2014)

We investigated the oncogenic role of SETDB1, focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has high expression of this protein. A total of 387 lung cancer cases were examined by immunohistochemistry; 72% of NSCLC samples were positive for SETDB1 staining, compared to 46% samples of normal bronchial epithelium (106 cases) (p <0.0001). The percentage of positive cells and the intensity of staining increased significantly with increased grade of disease. Forced expression of SETDB1 in NSCLC cell lines enhanced their clonogenic growth in vitro and markedly increased tumour size in a murine xenograft model, while silencing (shRNA) SETDB1 in NSCLC cells slowed their proliferation. SETDB1 positively stimulated activity of the WNT-β-catenin pathway and diminished P53 expression, resulting in enhanced NSCLC growth in vitro and in vivo. Our finding suggests that therapeutic targeting of SETDB1 may benefit patients whose tumours express high levels of SETDB1.
Impedance/conductance measurements as an aid to determining replacement strategies (2002)

When to replace your battery is a critical and inevitable decision for the battery user. Replace too late and the reliability of the battery and the systems they serve to protect will be degraded resulting in the inevitable service failure. Replacement too early increases costs unnecessarily, and with typical VRLA battery life being between 4-8 years, depending on operational temperature, even a short time period can be a significant percentage of whole life costs. For the manufacturer, replacement decisions also present a dilemma: the replacement business would certainly be appreciated whilst on the other hand, repeat business may well depend upon customer satisfaction in achieving reasonable life and reliability in the first instance. This paper describes the importance of modern battery monitoring techniques and the interpretation of data that can assist the battery user in determining a coherent and cost-effective battery replacement strategy.
Î³-Aninobutyric acid (GABA) suppresses antigen-specific immune responses in ovalbumin Î³(OVA)-immunized BALB/c mice (2005)

γ-Aminobutruic acid (GABA) is known to be a ubiquitous inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that GABA modulates cardiovascular and respiratory functions. In this study, we examined the effect of GABA on antigen (Ag)-specific immune responses and elucidated the mechanisms underlying those effects in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized BALB/c mice. OVA-specific proliferative responses were decreased in mice that had been administered 20 mg/kg GABA compared to those in control mice without reduction in responses to anti-CD3 monoclonal (m)Ab. The levels of OVA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were also decreased in mice that had been administered GABA. However, GABA administration did not influence the TNP-specific IgM and IgG levels. Ag-presenting activity of CD11c+ dendritic cells from GABA-treated mice was less than that of cells from control mice. These results suggest that the suppressive effect of GABA on Ag-specific immune responses contributes to the reduction of antigen-presenting function on CD11c+ dendritic cells.
A comparison of four endotracheal tube holders. (1994)

Results of this study suggest that the SecureEasy holder is the preferred alternative method for securing endotracheal tubes when the standard method with tape is not desirable. These results are similar to those reported in a previous investigation in which the adequacy of the SecureEasy holder was assessed.
Statistical Enhancement of the Evaluation of Combined RDD- and LER-Induced $V_{T}$ Variability: Lessons From $\hbox{10}^{5}$ Sample Simulations (2011)

Using full-scale 3-D simulations of 100 000s of devices, enabled by “push-button” cluster technology, we study in detail statistical threshold voltage variability in a state-of-the-art n-channel MOSFET introduced by the combined effect of random discrete dopants (RDDs) and line edge roughness (LER) and demonstrate that the resulting distribution is non-normal. Based on careful statistical analysis of the results, we show how the resulting distribution of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> can be constructed from the distributions arising from the individual simulation of RDD and LER variability. In accomplishing this task, we have deployed computationally efficient statistical enhancement techniques that drastically reduce the computational effort needed to accurately characterize threshold voltage variability under the combined influence of RDD and LER.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Inhibition Beyond Raising High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels (2006)

Raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a promising strategy in the struggle to prevent cardiovascular disease, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors have been developed to accomplish this. The first results are encouraging, and, in fact, in rabbits, inhibition of CETP reduces atherosclerosis. Because human data regarding the reduction of atheroma burden require more time, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the putative atheroprotection of CETP inhibitors are currently dissected, and several pathways have emerged. First, CETP inhibition increases HDL-C and reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels consistent with CETP lipid transfer activity and its role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). This coincides with putative beneficial increases in both HDL and LDL size. However, many aspects regarding the impact of CETP inhibition on the RCT pathway remain elusive, in particular whether the first step concerning cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues to HDL is influenced. Moreover, the relevance of scavenger receptor BI and consequently the central role of HDL in human RCT is still unclear. Second, CETP inhibition was shown recently to increase antioxidant enzymes associated with HDL, in turn associated with decreased oxidation of LDL. Atheroprotection in man is currently anticipated based on the improvement of these biochemical parameters known to influence atherosclerosis, but final confirmation regarding the impact of CETP inhibition on cardiovascular outcome will have to come from trials evaluating clinical end points.
Off the line-of-sight laser radar (1998)

The results of field and laboratory experiments of a novel laser radar (ladar) are presented. This ladar was designed to detect objects off the line of sight by deploying a fiber-optic relay between the launch and probe sites by monitoring the retroreflected signals. The apparatus incorporates a pulsed diode laser emitting at 1.55 mum, a wavelength that is ideal for eye safety and bears minimum loss in silica fibers. With its immediate application in transportation safety, the system issues a warning within a millisecond of detecting an obstacle in the path of a vehicle. The results of the field experiments yield signal-to-noise ratios high enough to trigger reliably an alarm with a probability of greater than 0.999 for detecting an obstacle and less than 10(-12) probability of false alarms.
Phylogeny of symbiotic methanogens in the gut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus (1995)

The phylogeny of a symbiotic methanogen inhabiting the gut of a lower termite, Reticulitermes speratus, was analysed without cultivation. The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (ssrDNA) and a 640-bp portion of the gene encoding subunit A of methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) were amplified from a mixed-population DNA of the termite gut by polymerase chain reaction and cloned. The nucleotide sequence of the ssrDNA and the predicted amino acid sequence of the mcrA product were compared with those of the known methanogens. Both comparisons indicated that the termite symbiotic methanogen belonged to the order Methanobacteriales but was distinct from the known members of this order.
Operation Mechanism of Double-Mode Surface Acoustic Wave Filters with Pitch-Modulated IDTs and Reflectors (2007)

One of the authors (KH) previously proposed pitch-modulated interdigital transducers (IDTs) and reflectors for developing low-loss and wideband longitudinally coupled double-mode SAW (DMS) filters. This paper discusses how a wide and flat passband is realized by applying the pitch-modulated IDTs and reflectors to DMS filters. It is shown that the pitch-modulated structure enables one to adjust the location of multiple resonance frequencies simultaneously by varying an effective reflective position with frequency. That is, the IDTs are pitch-modulated so that the outer portion has slightly larger pitch than the inside, and the pitch of the outermost reflectors is made largest. Accordingly, higher-order SAW resonances occur between the two pitch-modulated IDTs. The outer portion of each IDT acts as a reflector, and the inner portion is mainly responsible for SAW excitation. Lower-order SAW resonances occur between the two reflectors.
Impedance Spectroscopy: Applications to Electrochemical and Dielectric Phenomena (2012)

Preface ix 1. Fundamentals of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 1 2. Graphical representation of impedance spectroscopy data 23 3. Equivalent-circuit elements and modeling of the impedance phenomenon 37 4. Examples of ideal equivalent circuit models 49 5. Impedance representation of bulk-material and electrode processes 59 6. Distributed impedance models 97 7. Impedance analysis of complex systems 113 8. Impedance Instrumentation, testing, and data validation 163 9. Selected examples of impedance-analysis applications: electroactive polymer films 205 10. Selected examples of EIS analysis applications: industrial colloids and lubricants 219 11. Selected examples of EIS analysis applications: cell suspensions, protein adsorption, and implantable biomedical devices 247 12. Selected examples of impedance-analysis applications 281 13. Impedance-spectroscopy modifications 319 14. Conclusions and perspectives of EIS 333 Abbreviations and Symbols 335 Index 345
Emerging personalized approaches for the management of advanced urothelial carcinoma (2012)

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder comprises a spectrum of illnesses ranging from nonmuscle-invasive to muscle-invasive to advanced/metastatic disease. Each of these clinical states is characterized by a unique pathogenesis, prognosis and approach to treatment. However, given the heterogeneity of urothelial carcinoma, differences in biology and outcomes exist not only among these clinical states but also within each state. Personalized medicine, also commonly referred to as individualized or stratified medicine, offers the potential to optimize treatment for a given patient, based on the ability to accurately predict prognosis, response to treatment and tolerability of treatment. This review will discuss recent efforts, current challenges and future opportunities, for the personalized management of urothelial carcinoma.
Speech Intelligibility at High Noise Levels: Effect of Short-Term Exposure (1958)

Successive word intelligibility tests were executed at a constant S/N ratio over a 13-min period for a range of white noise levels between 45 and 130 db. Speech intelligibility declined over the test period as a result of continued exposure to noise levels of 115 db and higher. Interactions among different noise levels on successive tests, as evidenced by speech intelligibility scores in noise, was minimal when the noise levels were separated by less than 80 db.
Moderate Heat Application Enhances the Efficacy of Nanosecond Pulse Stimulation for the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2018)

Nanosecond pulse stimulation as a tumor ablation therapy has been studied for the treatment of various carcinomas in animal models and has shown a significant survival benefit. In the current study, we found that moderate heating at 43°C for 2 minutes significantly enhanced in vitro nanosecond pulse stimulation-induced cell death of KLN205 murine squamous cell carcinoma cells by 2.43-fold at 600 V and by 2.32-fold at 900 V, as evidenced by propidium iodide uptake. Furthermore, the ablation zone in KLN205 cells placed in a 3-dimensional cell-culture model and pulsed at a voltage of 900 V at 43°C was 3 times larger than in cells exposed to nanosecond pulse stimulation at room temperature. Application of moderate heating alone did not cause cell death. A nanosecond pulse stimulation electrode with integrated controllable laser heating was developed to treat murine ectopic squamous cell carcinoma. With this innovative system, we were able to quickly heat and maintain the temperature of the target tumor at 43°C during nanosecond pulse stimulation. Nanosecond pulse stimulation with moderate heating was shown to significantly extend overall survival, delay tumor growth, and achieve a high rate of complete tumor regression. Moderate heating extended survival nearly 3-fold where median overall survival was 22 days for 9.8 kV without moderate heating and over 63 days for tumors pulsed with 600, 100 ns pulses at 5 Hz, at voltage of 9.8 kV with moderate heating. Median overall survival in the control groups was 24 and 31 days for mice with untreated tumors and tumors receiving moderate heat alone, respectively. Nearly 69% (11 of 16) of tumor-bearing mice treated with nanosecond pulse stimulation with moderate heating were tumor free at the completion of the study, whereas complete tumor regression was not observed in the control groups and in 9.8 kV without moderate heating. These results suggest moderate heating can reduce the necessary applied voltage for tumor ablation with nanosecond pulse stimulation.