gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon accelerometer with new thermal self-test mechanism (2003)

The authors present the first example of a thermal actuator integrated with a high performance acceleration sensor. In contrast to some previous electrostatic actuation schemes, the thermal actuator provides full-scale self-test capability at low voltage levels which are readily available in automotive airbag systems. No other performance aspects of the sensor itself are compromised by the addition of the actuation structure and mechanism. Although designed originally for automotive crash detection applications, this thermal actuation mechanism can be applied to many other devices, including low G acceleration sensors, pressure sensors, micro-valves, and other micro-actuators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Catalytic Dehydrocoupling/Dehydrogenation of<i>N</i>-Methylamine-Borane and Ammonia-Borane: Synthesis and Characterization of High Molecular Weight Polyaminoboranes (2010)

The catalytic dehydrocoupling/dehydrogenation of N-methylamine-borane, MeNH(2)·BH(3) (7), to yield the soluble, high molecular weight poly(N-methylaminoborane) (8a), [MeNH-BH(2)](n) (M(W) > 20 000), has been achieved at 20 °C using Brookhart's Ir(III) pincer complex IrH(2)POCOP (5) (POCOP = [μ(3)-1,3-(OPtBu(2))(2)C(6)H(3)]) as a catalyst. The analogous reaction with ammonia-borane, NH(3)·BH(3) (4), gave an insoluble product, [NH(2)-BH(2)](n) (8d), but copolymerization with MeNH(2)·BH(3) gave soluble random copolymers, [MeNH-BH(2)](n)-r-[NH(2)-BH(2)](m) (8b and 8c). The structures of polyaminoborane 8a and copolymers 8b and 8c were further analyzed by ultrahigh resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and 8a, together with insoluble homopolymer 8d, was also characterized by (11)B and (1)H solid-state NMR, IR, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The data indicate that 8a-8c are essentially linear, high molecular weight materials and that the insoluble polyaminoborane 8d possesses a similar structure but is of lower molecular weight (ca. 20 repeat units), presumably due to premature precipitation during its formation. The yield and molecular weight of polymer 8a was found to be relatively robust toward the influence of different temperatures, solvents, and adduct concentrations, while higher catalyst loadings led to higher molecular weight materials. It was therefore unexpected that the polymerization of 7 using 5 was found to be a chain-growth rather than a step-growth process, where high molecular weights were already attained at about 40% conversion of 7. The results obtained are consistent with a two stage polymerization mechanism where, first, the Ir catalyst 5 dehydrogenates 7 to afford the monomer MeNH═BH(2) and, second, the same catalyst effects the subsequent polymerization of this species. A wide range of other catalysts based on Ru, Rh, and Pd were also found to be effective for the transformation of 7 to polyaminoborane 8a. For example, polyaminoborane 8a was even isolated from the initial stage of the dehydrocoupling/dehydrogenation of 7 with [Rh(μ-Cl)(1,5-cod)](2) (2) as the catalyst at 20 °C, a reaction reported to give the N,N,N-trimethyl borazine, [MeN-BH](3), under different conditions (dimethoxyethane, 45 °C). The ability to use a variety of catalysts to prepare polyaminoboranes suggests that the synthetic strategy should be applicable to a broad range of amine-borane precursors and is a promising development for this new class of inorganic polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐PHOSPHORUS BOND FORMATION BY REACTION OF PYRIDINE AND ITS MONOMETHYL‐SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES WITH TETRAPHOSPHORUS DECASULFIDE (1981)

Abstract Die Behandlung von P4810 mit Pyridin (I) ( 100 h), mit 4‐Methylpyridin (IV) oder Z‐Methylpyridin (VI) bzw. (VII) und (VIII), die alle P‐C‐Bindungen enthalten.
Effects of Paricalcitol On Bone Turnover in Kidney Transplant Recipients. (2014)

Abnormalities in bone metabolism are important causes of post kidney transplant morbidity. The objective of this study was to examine markers of bone turnover in a cohort of transplant patients treated with paricalcitol. We analyzed serum samples collected at transplant (Tx), 90 days (3M) and one-year (1Yr) post transplant from patients enrolled in a randomized trial of oral paricalcitol vs. no additional therapy. Recipients received a corticosteroid avoidance regimen. Patients randomized to paricalcitol (PRx) received oral paricalcitol 2 mcg daily for one-year. We measured fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23), Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase type 5b (TRAcP 5b) [marker of bone resorption], and Type 1procollagen (PINP) [marker of bone formation]. Bone density was measured 3 weeks and 1 year from transplant. PaRx (N=26) vs. control (N=36) age was 47.3 ± 10.3 vs. 46.6 ± 0 years p= 0.78. All recipients received a living donor kidney. Renal function at one-year post transplant was 58.2 ± 14.7 vs. 53.3 ± 11.5 ml/min/SA p=0.19 PaRx vs. controls. Table 1 shows the results of the measured variables.Table: No Caption available.Paricalcitol therapy in the first year post kidney transplant resulted in increased bone density likely by increasing bone formation evidenced by preserved PINP levels relative to a stable TRAcP 5b. FGF 23 levels increased in paricalcitol treated patients and phosphorus levels remained stable. DISCLOSURES:Amer, H.: Grant/Research Support, Abbott Laboratories (Abbvie), Support ended in 2012.
Non-uniform unit parsing for SSS-LR continuous speech recognition (2002)

We describe recent improvements in ATR's experimental speech recognition system ATREUS, which serves as a recognition font end for the speech translation system ASURA. Our next goal is spontaneous speech translation. To constrain the potentially huge search space, better prosodic control, better probabilistic language models and better acoustic models are proposed. The SSS-LR parser was modified to work with non-uniform unit type acoustic and duration models. Experimental results showed, that, for example, use of mora trigram probabilities improved the phrase error rate from 17% to 14%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A method for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> in a cell culture system (1976)

A method for evaluating the activity of antibacterial agents against Chlamydia trachomatis is described, using a simple doubling dilution technique in a cell culture system. The preliminary results of testing eight antibacterials against a laboratory strain of Chlamydia trachomatis are reported. The need for a standard method and standard strain in this field is discussed.
Efficient Use of MPEG-7 Edge Histogram Descriptor (2002)

MPEG-7 Visual Standard specifies a set of descriptors that can be used to measure similarity in images or video. Among them, the Edge Histogram Descriptor describes edge distribution with a histogram based on local edge distribution in an image. Since the Edge Histogram Descriptor recommended for the MPEG-7 standard represents only local edge distribution in the image, the matching performance for image retrieval may not be satisfactory. This paper proposes the use of global and semi-local edge histograms generated directly from the local histogram bins to increase the matching performance. Then, the global, semiglobal, and local histograms of images are combined to measure the image similarity and are compared with the MPEG-7 descriptor of the local-only histogram. Since we exploit the absolute location of the edge in the image as well as its global composition, the proposed matching method can retrieve semantically similar images. Experiments on MPEG-7 test images show that the proposed method yields better retrieval performance by an amount of 0.04 in ANMRR, which shows a significant difference in visual inspection.
Latent heat storage (1981)

The investigations of materials presumably suitable as storage media for latent heat indicate that water, some salt hydrates and eutectic mixtures of water and salt hydrates possess extreme heats of fusion. Their melting points, ranging from about -50° to + 130°C, fit well for storing low grade heat in residential energy systems. Detailed experimental investigations on a large number of these media show, however, that only a few of them satisfy the quality requirments for practical application in storage units. Flexible flat-plate storage containers especially developed for selected salt hydrates which expand on melting also show satisfactory performance over long periods of operation. In the case of water and selected water-salt hydrate eutectics the volume increases on solidification, and the expansion of solid storage material, being very inhomgeneous, breaks even flexible containers after only a few storage cycles. This ruinous local expansion can be avoided, however, by adding a small amount of special, lower melting salt hydrate eutectics which homogenize the crystallization and solidification of the storage medium.
A method for estimating incidence rates of onchocerciasis from skin-snip biopsies with consideration of false negatives. (1984)

The aim of this study is to estimate incidence rates of onchocerciasis from skin-snip biopsies, based on incomplete data obtained in field surveys, with consideration of false negatives. The method of maximum likelihood is employed and the effect of false negatives on the incidence rates is discussed.
Characterization of FibreChannel over highly turbulent optical wireless links (2004)

We report on the performance characterization and issues associated with using Fibre Channel (FC) over a highly turbulent free-space optical (FSO) link. Fibre Channel is a storage area network standard that provides high throughput with low overhead. Extending FC to FSO links would simplify data transfer from existing high-bandwidth sensors such as synthetic aperture radars and hyperspectral imagers. We measured the behavior of FC protocol at 1 Gbps in the presence of synthetic link dropouts that are typical of turbulent FSO links. Results show that an average bit error rate of less than 2E-8 is mandatory for adequate throughput. More importantly, 10 ns dropouts at a 2 Hz rate were sufficient to cause long (25 s) timeouts in the data transfer. Although no data was lost, this behavior is likely to be objectionable for most applications. Prospects for improvements in hardware and software will be discussed.
Simulation and Design of Step-Etched Junction Termination Extensions for GaN Power Diodes. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Modified method of nitrite determination in soils by sulphanilic acid/N‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylenediamine (1986)

Abstract When high nitrite concentrations are encountered in soils, the conventional method using sulphanilic acid and N‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylenediamine poses some working problems. In order to increase the working range, pH of the solution of the azo‐dye formed by the reaction of nitrite with sulphanilic acid and N‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylenediamine was raised to 6.0 by adding sodium acetate solution and the absorbance was measured at 480 nm. In combination with the conventional method, the modified method allows analysis of soils containing 1 to 75 ppm nitrite‐N conveniently without the necessity of changing the size of the aliquot. The modified method was tested in soils varying in pH from 4.8 to 8.0 and organic carbon from 0.4% to 9.8% and was shown to give better results than the conventional method at high nitrite concentrations.
Three-dimensional hybrid-encoded MRI using compressed sensing (2012)

Compressed sensing (CS) has been successfully applied to accelerate conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Fourier encoding. However in Fourier encoding, the low spatial frequency always has to be fully sampled such that the high frequency is insufficiently sampled at high accelerations, leading to serious loss of resolution. Non-Fourier encoding has been studied in the context of compressed sensing for 2-D imaging, but with limited improvement. In this paper, we propose a novel 3-D acquisition method using hybrid encoding. The method exploits random encoding with a circulant structure along the “phase encoding” direction, while keeping conventional Fourier encoding along the readout and slice encoding directions. A 2-D random undersampling pattern is used for accelerating the scans. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method preserves much better resolution than the conventional 3-D Fourier encoding when the same acceleration factors are used.
A Fuzzy Approach To Text-To-Speech Synthesis (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Cryptographic Authentication of Navigation Protocols (2005)

We examine the security of existing radio navigation protocols and attempt to define secure, scalable replacements.
Potentiation of the antimalarial agent rufigallol (1996)

We have discovered a remarkable synergistic antimalarial interaction between rufigallol and the structurally similar compound exifone. The synergistic effects were produced in chloroquine-susceptible and chloroquine-resistant clones of Plasmodium falciparum. The degree of potentiation as estimated by standard isobolar analysis was approximately 60-fold for experiments initiated with asynchronous parasites. The most pronounced synergism was observed in experiments with synchronized trophozoite-infected erythrocytes, in which the degree of synergy was at least 300-fold. While the mechanism underlying this drug potentiation remains unresolved, it is hypothesized that rufigallol acts in pro-oxidant fashion to produce oxygen radicals inside parasitized erythrocytes. These radicals would attack exifone, thereby initiating its transformation into a more potent compound, a xanthone.
Self-Paced Learning with Diversity (2014)

Self-paced learning (SPL) is a recently proposed learning regime inspired by the learning process of humans and animals that gradually incorporates easy to more complex samples into training. Existing methods are limited in that they ignore an important aspect in learning: diversity. To incorporate this information, we propose an approach called self-paced learning with diversity (SPLD) which for-malizes the preference for both easy and diverse samples into a general regularizer. This regularization term is independent of the learning objective, and thus can be easily generalized into various learning tasks. Albeit non-convex, the optimization of the variables included in this SPLD regularization term for sample selection can be globally solved in linearithmic time. We demonstrate that our method signifi-cantly outperforms the conventional SPL on three real-world datasets. Specifical-ly, SPLD achieves the best MAP so far reported in literature on the Hollywood2 and Olympic Sports datasets. 1
Selection of Recombinant, Library-Derived Antibody Fragments against p24 for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Diagnostics (1998)

By application of combinatorial library technology, we generated the first recombinant antibody fragments directed against the major capsid protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A library of single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs) was constructed by using the antibody variable-region (V) genes of B cells derived from the spleen of a viral lysate-immunized mouse. Antibodies were selected by panning or by enrichment with biotinylated antigen, yielding four different families of antibody fragments. The different types of scFvs were characterized by affinity measurements, by antigen recognition on Western blots, and by pepscan analysis. The epitope of one of the scFvs is located near the residues involved in CypA binding, thereby making it an attractive candidate for therapeutic applications. Comparison of the V gene sequence of this scFV with that of a previously described monoclonal antibody reactive against this immunodominant epitope revealed the usage of the identical combination of VH and Vkappa regions. Thus, this is one of the rare examples in which the original combination in a library-derived antibody fragment was retrieved. After appropriate affinity and format improvements, the best of our recombinant scFvs may form the basis for a sensitive p24 assay as a measure of viral load. In addition, anti-p24 scFvs could be expressed as intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) to aid in the treatment of HIV infections.
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor TrkA, a New Receptor in Insulin Signaling Pathway in PC12 Cells (2013)

TrkA is a cell surface transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase for nerve growth factor (NGF). TrkA has an NPXY motif and kinase regulatory loop similar to insulin receptor (INSR) suggesting that NGF→TrkA signaling might overlap with insulin→INSR signaling. During insulin or NGF stimulation TrkA, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), INSR (and presumably other proteins) forms a complex in PC12 cells. In PC12 cells, tyrosine phosphorylation of INSR and IRS-1 is dependent upon the functional TrkA kinase domain. Moreover, expression of TrkA kinase-inactive mutant blocked the activation of Akt and Erk5 in response to insulin or NGF. Based on these data, we propose that TrkA participates in insulin signaling pathway in PC12 cells.
Design, Simulation, and Preliminary Testing of a 20 Ampere Energy Management System (2015)

The Department of the Navy is determined to find ways to increase the energy security of shore facilities. This is critical to ensure that facilities can meet fleet needs during a national crisis. An Energy Management System (EMS) using power electronics could be an important piece of this puzzle. In this thesis, a 20-ampere (A)-rated EMS module is designed and constructed that can be used for demonstrations and field testing. The prototype is used to conduct preliminary testing of the EMS over-current trip circuit. This thesis discusses the analog and digital redesigns that are needed to overcome the electromagnetic interference from the switching currents of the power modules that leak into the control circuitry. Finally, a Simulink model is designed to simulate the expected output from the H-bridge portion of the EMS. This model is tested and verified using measurements from the actual EMS prototype in the laboratory.
Anti-obesity activity of a novel lipid synthesis inhibitor. (1984)

A novel anti-obesity agent which inhibits fatty acid synthesis and stimulates fatty acid oxidation is described. The hydrochloride salt of Ro 22-0654 (4-amino-5-ethyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester) is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in rat-isolated hepatocytes. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis was inhibited in vivo in a dose-dependent fashion with a duration of action of approximately 8 h. Adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis was also inhibited in vivo. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis occurs without any apparent effect on several lipogenic enzymes, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate shunt. Ro 22-0654 also stimulated fatty acid oxidation (in vitro) and lipolysis (in vivo). In long-term studies (2 months), Ro 22-0654 decreased body weight gain in Sprague Dawley and genetically-obese Zucker rats. Food intake was decreased following a single dose and for several days during chronic treatment. However, while food intake quickly returned to normal, body weight gain remained lower in treated rats. The effect on body weight gain can be ascribed to decreased total body lipid content in the absence of an effect on lean body mass. It is suggested that Ro 22-0654 may have utility in the treatment of human obesity.
VIB-1 Is Required for Expression of Genes Necessary for Programmed Cell Death in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (2006)

Nonself recognition during somatic growth is an essential and ubiquitous phenomenon in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. In filamentous fungi, nonself recognition is also important during vegetative growth. Hyphal fusion between genetically dissimilar individuals results in rejection of heterokaryon formation and in programmed cell death of the fusion compartment. In filamentous fungi, such as Neurospora crassa, nonself recognition and heterokaryon incompatibility (HI) are regulated by genetic differences at het loci. In N. crassa, mutations at the vib-1 locus suppress nonself recognition and HI mediated by genetic differences at het-c/pin-c, mat, and un-24/het-6. vib-1 is a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NDT80, which is a transcriptional activator of genes during meiosis. For this study, we determined that vib-1 encodes a nuclear protein and showed that VIB-1 localization varies during asexual reproduction and during HI. vib-1 is required for the expression of genes involved in nonself recognition and HI, including pin-c, tol, and het-6; all of these genes encode proteins containing a HET domain. vib-1 is also required for the production of downstream effectors associated with HI, including the production of extracellular proteases upon carbon and nitrogen starvation. Our data support a model in which mechanisms associated with starvation and nonself recognition/HI are interconnected. VIB-1 is a major regulator of responses to nitrogen and carbon starvation and is essential for the expression of genes involved in nonself recognition and death in N. crassa.
Horizontal Well Pressure Analysis (1987)

ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of the pressure transient behavior of a horizontal well or a drainhole. The performance of horizontal wells and fully penetrating vertical fractures is compared. Dimensionless wellbore pressures are computed for two classical boundary conditions; namely infinite-conductivity and uniform-flux. Results are presented as pseudoskin factors and as type curves. In addition to conventional pressure versus time type curves, derivative type curves using pressure-time predictions are presented. The derivative approach we discuss here is new to the petroleum literature and is applicable to a broader range of problems than that considered here. Computations suggest that horizontal well productivity is governed by two parameters: 1) the dimensionless well length, LD (LD=L/(2h)kz/k, where L is the length of the well, h is the formation thickness, and kz and k are the vertical and horizontal permeabilities, respectively), and 2) the dimensionless well radius, rwD, (the ratio of well radius to well half-length if the formation is assumed to be isotropic). Results indicate, that horizontal well productivity (infinite-conductivity) is almost identical to that of a fully penetrating vertical fracture of infinite-conductivity if the dimensionless horizontal well length, LD, is greater than 4.0. This result shows that horizontal wells may perform better than vertically fractured wells, if non-ideal aspects associated with vertically fractured wells such as limited conductivity or height, are taken into account. Results have been obtained for LD in the range 0.1 ≤ LD ≤ 100 and dimensionless well radius, rwD, in the range 10−4 ≤ rwD ≤ 10−2; these ranges should encompass expected values of horizontal well length, reservoir height, and ratio of vertical and horizontal permeability. Pressure responses and pseudoskin factors are calculated for four different well locations within the productive interval. The pseudoskin factors are insensitive to well location.
Fabrication of high-frequency pMUT arrays on silicon substrates (2010)

A novel technique based on silicon micromachining for fabrication of linear arrays of high-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (pMUT) is presented. Piezoelectric elements are formed by deposition of lead zirconia titanate into etched features of a silicon substrate such that the depth of these features determine the element thickness and hence the resonance frequency. The process leaves a near planar surface which is ideal for further wafer level processing such as top electrode and interconnect formation. A fabricated element is characterized by pulse echo response.