gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a human in vitro mesothelial cell model system for investigating mechanisms of asbestos-induced mesothelioma. (1989)

Normal human mesothelial (NHM) cells were transfected with a plasmid containing SV40 early region DNA. Individual colonies of transformed cells from several donors were subcultured for periods of 5 to 6 months and 60 to 70 population doublings (PDs) before senescence, in contrast to a culture lifespan of approximately 1 month and 15 PDs for NHM cells. One such culture, designated MeT-5A, escaped senescence and has been passaged continuously for more than 2 years. These cells had a single integrated copy of SV40 early region DNA in their genome, expressed SV40 large T antigen, and exhibited features of mesothelial cells including sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of asbestos fibers. One year after injection subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in athymic nude mice, these cells remain nontumorigenic, and therefore are a potential model system for in vitro fiber carcinogenesis studies.
Laminated polarizers exhibiting high performance over a wide range of wavelength (1997)

A laminated polarizer exhibiting high performance over a wide range of wavelengths has been fabricated for the first time. The polarizer consists of alternate layers of laminated silica film and metal-included semiconductor ultra-thin film as the transparent and absorptive layers, respectively. Extinction ratios of greater than 50 dB with insertion losses of less than 0.4 dB have been obtained over the wavelength range of 0.8-1.55 /spl mu/m. At the wavelength 0.98 /spl mu/m where previously no viable laminated polarizer had been available, the extinction ratio is as high as greater than 60 dB and the insertion loss less than 0.3 dB.
Long-Term Hair Removal Using the Intense Pulsed Light Source: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study (2002)

The long-term removal of unwanted hair is achieved by a variety of lasers and an intense pulsed light source. How well do these modalities work in producing long-term hair removal? Twenty-four patients who had one treatment with the intense pulsed light source then had their test sites examined after 2 years. Long-term epilation of over 60% was found in this group of patients, showing that the intense pulsed light source is an effective method for long-term epilation.
Effect of local intra-arterial NG-monomethyl-L-arginine in patients with hypertension: the nitric oxide dilator mechanism appears abnormal. (1992)

The results suggest an abnormality of basal nitric oxide-mediated dilation in the forearm arteriolar bed of patients with untreated essential hypertension.
An electrothermal model of memory switching in vertical polycrystalline silicon structures (1988)

The theoretical preswitching temperature, resistivity, and current-density distributions within the thin-film device were obtained from the solution of the transient two-dimensional heat equation. The results of the computer simulation, obtained for the case where conductivity is dependent on both temperature and electric field, show that current crowding occurs at the center of the device and that thermal runaway develops in a few tens of nanoseconds for voltages above a critical value. A simulated conductive irregularity forces the filament to nucleate away from the center and closer to or at the inhomogeneity. The excellent agreement between the experimental data and the simulation lends support to the idea that the fundamental switching mechanism is thermal in nature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MPA using IKEv2 and MOBIKE (2006)

This document describes how to achieve media-independent pre-
authentication (MPA) in the context of network accesses protected by
IPsec. In such environments, access is protected by an IPsec tunnel
mode security association (SA) established between a client of the
network and an access gateway. This SA normally needs to be
established by running an IKE exchange between the two SA endpoints.
The duration of this IKE exchange make it impractical to use when the
node is mobile and frequently change either its location or its access
gateway during a handover. In most case it is expected that real time
traffic will be impacted by the handover. This note describes a method
that alleviate this issue by leveraging on the IKEv2 Mobility and
Multihoming Protocol (MOBIKE). The described method supresses the need
to run a full IKE exchange after each handover, thereby greatly
reducing the impacts of handovers on real- time traffic.
A simple, template-free route for the synthesis of mesoporous titanium dioxide materials (2004)

Mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials have been synthesized by a novel simple, template-free synthetic approach, which was carried out via nitric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of titanium(IV) n-butoxide. The as-prepared and calcinated mesoporous TiO2 materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. The as-prepared amorphous TiO2 possesses a high BET surface area of 470 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.28 cm3 g−1. After calcinations at 450 °C, anatase mesoporous TiO2 is formed with a BET surface area of 106 m2 g−1 and an average pore size of 4.8 nm. Avoidance of the structure-directing template during the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 is of significant importance for application from both environmental and industrial points of view.
Learning the unlearnable (1995)

Three neural network training algorithms are presented which are robust to nonlearnable problems. The first algorithm converges to the Gardner stability limit if the learning problem is linearly separable, and otherwise finds a locally maximally stable solution. The second algorithm is a robust version of Rosenblatt's perceptron learning algorithm which will converge to a solution of the learning problem if one exists, and otherwise will converge locally to a solution with a certain fraction of wrongly mapped patterns. The third algorithm is suited most favourably to unlearnable problems: it will always find a solution if the problem is learnable and otherwise it locally maximizes the number of patterns which are stored correctly. The error rate of this algorithm and other known algorithms for unlearnable problems are compared for two benchmark problems. Proofs of the existence of solutions are given. Convergence is proven as well to be global in the case of learnable and local in unlearnable cases.
Color Correction for Object Identification from Images with Different Color Illumination (2009)

This paper presents a novel color correction method for automatic detection of identical objects from images captured in different environments. The proposed method extracts illumination color features using the color board image captured in each illumination and defines conversion vectors from a source illumination to a target illumination in the pre-processing step. In the color correction step, we apply the conversion vectors to RGB elements of each pixel in the object image. In the experiments, we captured two images including a color palette and three target objects in different illumination conditions. We define one image as a source and the other as a target. Illumination conversion vectors for the color correction are defined based on the difference between two color palette images and applied to the source image. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed color correction, we compared the color differences of identical objects in target, source and corrected images.
Problem-Solution and Consultative Selling Exercise: Simplifying Complex Buying and Selling Behavior (1992)

The authors discuss an exercise that shows students how to simplify the process of matching buyers’ needs with sellers’ solutions. In the exercise, students use a “problem-solution grid” to categorize hypothetical buyers and sellers and to develop appropriate strategy to use when a certain type of seller encounters a certain type of buyer. The authors explain how the exercise is implemented in class, provide examples of student handout assignments and instructors’ answers for class discussion, and include teaching notes for a computer market scenario.
Tooth brushing Pattern Classification using Three-Axis Accelerometer and Magnetic Sensor for Smart Toothbrush (2007)

The concept of intelligent toothbrush, capable of monitoring brushing motion, orientation through the grip axis, during toothbrushing was suggested in our previous study. In this study, we describe a tooth brushing pattern classification algorithm using three-axis accelerometer and three-axis magnetic sensor. We have found that inappropriate tooth brushing pattern showed specific moving patterns. In order to trace the position and orientation of toothbrush in a mouth, we need to know absolute coordinate information of toothbrush. By applying tilt-compensated azimuth (heading) calculation algorithm, which is generally used in small telematics devices, we could find the inclination and orientation information of toothbrush. To assess the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, 8 brushing patterns were preformed by 6 individual healthy subjects. The proposed algorithm showed the detection ratio of 98%. This study showed that the proposed monitoring system was conceived to aid dental care personnel in patient education and instruction in oral hygiene regarding brushing style.
Localized Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Type Materials in Aerated, Deaerated and Stagnant Sulfide Bearing Seawater (1997)

Abstract A series of crevice corrosion tests have been conducted on UNS stainless steel S31603 and two “20Cr-6Mo” alloys in four different seawater environments. The purpose of these tests was to compare alloy resistance to deaerated and stagnant seawater versus aerated seawater. Testing was also performed in chlorinated seawater to complement the types of environments which may be found in power plants and other seawater systems. S31603 was found to be most susceptible in slowly moving refreshed (aerated) seawater. The “20Cr-6Mo” alloys showed no different in crevice corrosion resistance in any of the four seawater variations examined.
The Frequency Response of Optical Systems (1956)

In optical systems the pencils forming images of extra-axial object points are generally oblique to both the object and image planes. The diffraction image of a point source observed in an oblique image plane differs significantly from that obtained in a plane normal to the image-forming pencil. The theory of the frequency response of optical systems is formulated for this more general case. The resulting formulae are used to relate the response obtained between object and image planes perpendicular to the optical axis to that obtained between planes perpendicular to the principal rays. It is shown that no loss of generality is introduced by the restriction to unidimensional objects. Some general properties of the response function for optical systems having aberration are derived.
Protein/Polysaccharide Cogel Formation Based on Gelatin and Chemically Modified Schizophyllan (2005)

In the work, aldehyde groups were quantitatively introduced into schizophyllan (SPG) side chains through periodate oxidation. The periodate-oxidized SPG (POSPG) forms an elastic gel with gelatin. The cogel formation is based on the Schiff-base reaction between the amino groups of gelatin chains and the aldehyde groups of POSPG chains. The POSPG/gelatin cogel has an elastomeric character with a very small value of loss tangent. The gelation kinetics and gel properties were discussed as a function of POSPG concentration, gelatin concentration, oxidation degree, temperature, and pH. This method can be used to design a large variety of cogels between SPG and proteins.
Prevention of hybridoma cell death bybcl-2 during suboptimal culture conditions (1997)

TB/C3 hybridoma cells were transected with either pEF-MClneopA or pEF bcl2-MClneopA vectors to produce a control cell line (TB/C3 pEF) and a cell line that overexpresses the "antiapoptotic" human bcl-2 protein (TB/C3 bcl2). Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular bcl-2 protein levels enabled near on-line monitoring of the stability of bcl-2 expression in the absence of drug selection. It was possible to maintain spontaneous selection of cells with the overexpression of bcl-2 protein during semicontinuous cultures at very low dilution rates, where cells were subjected to the selective conditions of nutrient limitation and high toxic metabolite concentrations. Interestingly, cells that overexpressed bcl-2 were adapted to suspension culture conditions significantly faster than control cells. Dual fluorescence staining with acridine orange and propidium iodide allowed for discrimination between viable, apoptotic, secondary necrotic, and necrotic cells, respectively. Compared with the usual trypan blue method of establishing culture viability, dual staining demonstrated that under stressful conditions a significant proportion of cells that excluded trypan blue were also undergoing cell death through apoptosis. In batch cultures the overexpression of bcl-2 more than doubled the membrane intact (MI) cell productive period (the integral of Ml cell density with respect to culture time) and increased the monoclonal antibody (mAb) production by approximately 40% when compared with the control cell line. The overexpression of bcl-2 protein also significantly extended the cell integrity and viability by the suppression of apoptosis in conditions of hypoxia, hyperoxia, glutamine deprivation, glucose deprivation, and serum limitation. The suppression of apoptosis in anaerobic conditions suggests that bcl-2 exerts its antiapoptotic activity by a mechanism that does not involve an oxidative reactive pathway. In conditions of excess thymidine, which suppressed cell proliferation, Ml cell density and specific mAb productivity were further enhanced by the overexpression of bcl-2, which suggests the possibility of accomplishing a controlled proliferation in immortalized cell lines without invoking cell death. Cell size and intracellular mAb were increased for TB/C3 bcl2 cells compared with TB/C3 pEF control cells when analyzed by flow cytometry.
Interfacial and Emulsifying Properties of Designed β-Strand Peptides (2010)

The structural and surfactant properties of a series of amphipathic β-strand peptides have been studied as a function of pH. Each nine-residue peptide has a framework of hydrophobic proline and phenylalanine amino acid residues, alternating with acidic or basic amino acids to give a sequence closely related to known β-sheet formers. Surface activity, interfacial mechanical properties, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), droplet sizing and zeta potential measurements were used to gain an overview of the peptide behavior as the molecular charge varied from ±4 to 0 with pH. ECD data suggest that the peptides form polyproline-type helices in bulk aqueous solution when highly charged, but may fold to β-hairpins rather than β-sheets when uncharged. In the uncharged state, the peptides adsorb readily at a macroscopic fluid interface to form mechanically strong interfacial films, but tend to give large droplet sizes on emulsification, apparently due to flocculation at a low droplet zeta potential. In contrast, highly charged peptide states gave a low interfacial coverage, but retained good emulsifying activity as judged by droplet size. Best emulsification was generally seen for intermediate charged states of the peptides, possibly representing a compromise between droplet zeta potential and interfacial binding affinity. The emulsifying properties of β-strand peptides have not been previously reported. Understanding the interfacial properties of such peptides is important to their potential development as biosurfactants.
The Cambridge fast ring networking system (1988)

A discussion is presented of the choices facing a designer as faster speeds for local area networks are contemplated. The 100-Mb/s Cambridge fast ring (CFR) is described. The ring protocol allows one of a number of fixed-size slots to be used once or repeatedly. The network design allows sets of rings to be constructed by pushing the bridge function to the lowest hardware level. Low cost and ease of use is normally achieved by design of special chips; two-chip VLSI implementation is described. This VLSI hardware forms the basis of a kit of parts from which many different network components can be constructed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis (2012)

Certain white adipose tissue (WAT) depots are readily able to convert to a "brown-like" state with prolonged cold exposure or exposure to β-adrenergic compounds. This process is characterized by the appearance of pockets of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive, multilocular adipocytes and serves to increase the thermogenic capacity of the organism. We show here that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a physiologic role in this thermogenic recruitment of WATs. In fact, mice deficient in FGF21 display an impaired ability to adapt to chronic cold exposure, with diminished browning of WAT. Adipose-derived FGF21 acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner to increase expression of UCP1 and other thermogenic genes in fat tissues. FGF21 regulates this process, at least in part, by enhancing adipose tissue PGC-1α protein levels independently of mRNA expression. We conclude that FGF21 acts to activate and expand the thermogenic machinery in vivo to provide a robust defense against hypothermia.
High voltage isolation of thermocouples for ion plating (2003)

Instrumentation has been developed to isolate part thermocouples from ground by up to 10.6 kV during ion plating. A fiber-optic link provides signal isolation and errors of better than +or-0.5% of full scale (485 degrees C with type-K thermocouples). Cold-junction compensation and signal gain are provided. A computer interface to the analog output is connected to a thermocouple linearizer, maximum temperature alarm, and current-loop converter. A digital panel meter displays the temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Time of Nucleation of Phase-Slip Centers in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Superconducting Bridges (1998)

Narrow ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ films, excited by pulses of supercritical current, had their nanosecond electric response monitored in zero applied magnetic field. Delayed voltage steps plus constant differential resistance, characteristic of phase-slip centers (PSC), are observed at all temperatures. The duration of the initial zero voltage state is well fit by Ginzburg-Landau based theories, with a gap relaxation time controlled by phonon escape. At higher levels of excitation, PSC's give birth to slowly spreading normal hot spots.
158. Studies in the toluene series. Part VI. Nitration of the 4-chlorotoluene-2- and -3-sulphonic acids, 3-chlorotoluene-6-sulphonic acid and their sulphonyl chlorides (1936)

W. P. Wynne, J. Chem. Soc., 1936, 696 DOI: 10.1039/JR9360000696
Impact of progress feedback on task completion (2005)

Designers routinely provide feedback about task progress in order to persuade users not to abort the task (break off). However little is known about the effectiveness of such "progress indicators." Two experiments are presented that evaluate progress indicators in web surveys. In the first, progress is displayed at different speeds. When the early feedback is slow, break-off rates are higher and users' subjective experience more negative than when early feedback is fast. In the second experiment, intermittent presentation seems to minimize the costs while preserving the benefits of feedback. Overall, progress indicators can increase completion rates. However, not using them should be as deliberate a decision as using them.
A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of the Initial Stage of $NiSi_2$ Nucleation on the (001) Si (1994)

In this study the initial stage nucleation and growth of Ni silicide on (001) Si by evaporation and furnace annealing have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The pressure was Torr during evaporation and annealing. And the annealing temperature to produce . From the evaporated film, nucleus has grown into Si substrate with an epitaxial orientation relationship. Interfaces between and Si were A-type {111} interfaces and {100} interfaces were also observed at the initial stage of nucleation. Ni silicide grew into Si substrate, but the nucleus partly grew into the evaporated film, with no facets, from the nuclei in the Si substrate. nucleus with (111) habit planes was also observed.
SymPas: Symbolic Program Slicing (2019)

Program slicing is a technique for simplifying programs by focusing on selected aspects of their behaviour. Current mainstream static slicing methods operate on the PDG (program dependence graph) or SDG (system dependence graph), but these friendly graph representations may be expensive and error-prone for some users. We attempt in this paper to study a light-weight approach of static program slicing, called Symbolic Program Slicing (SymPas), which works as a dataflow analysis on LLVM (Low-Level Virtual Machine). In our SymPas approach, slices are stored symbolically rather than procedure being re-analysed (cf. procedure summaries). Instead of re-analysing a procedure multiple times to find its slices for each callling context, SymPas calculates a single symbolic (or parameterized) slice which can be instantiated at call sites avoiding re-analysis; it is implemented in LLVM to perform slicing on its intermediate representation (IR). For comparison, we systematically adapt IFDS (Interprocedural Finite Distributive Subset) analysis and the SDG-based slicing method (SDG-IFDS) to statically IR slice programs. Evaluated on open-source and benchmark programs, our backward SymPas shows a factor-of-6 reduction in time cost and a factor-of-4 reduction in space cost, compared to backward SDG-IFDS, thus being more efficient. In addition, the result shows that after studying slices from 66 programs, ranging up to 336,800 IR instructions in size, SymPas is highly size-scalable.
Preparation and Evaluation of Some Lube Oil Additives Based on Polyethylene Glycol (2006)

Among the various additives employed in modern engine oils, one of the most important is the type that acts to prevent an accumulation of sludge in the crankcase and on the cylinder walls, thereby preventing sticking of piston rings and the formation of varnish-like coatings on the pistons and cylinder walls. Because of their general function of maintaining a clean engine, additives of this nature are termed detergents although it is now understood that they have little utility in cleaning a dirty engine, but by virtue of dispersing activity, prevent engine fouling. A main source of deposits is the oxidation of oil in high temperature, which can be reduced by using antioxidants. This work was limited to the preparation and characterization of different types of polyethylene glycol palmitate with different molecular weights and amination of the prepared esters with tetraethylenepentamine. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as detergents/dispersants and antioxidants was investigated and the effect of the prepared additives on other properties of lube oil was also studied. It was found that all the prepared compounds act as detergents/dispersants and antioxidant additives with no effect on the viscosity index and pour point of the lube oil.