gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrovirus-induced feline pure red blood cell aplasia: pathogenesis and response to suramin (1991)

Feline leukemia virus, subgroup C/Sarma (FeLV-C/Sarma) induces pure red blood cell aplasia in cats. Although erythroid (BFU-E and CFU-E) and granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitors are infected with this virus, only erythropoiesis is impaired. Two to 3 weeks before the onset of anemia, CFU-E become undetectable in marrow cultures while earlier erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) persist, suggesting that FeLV-C/Sarma (presumably via its envelope glycoprotein gp70) inhibits the differentiation of BFU-E to CFU-E in vivo. To correlate in vitro observations with the progression of disease, prospective studies were performed in six cats. These studies showed that at the time that the frequencies of CFU-E decreased in marrow cultures, BFU-E no longer responded to hematopoietic growth factor(s), although the responses of CFU-GM were unchanged. In further studies, anemic cats received suramin, a reverse-transcriptase inhibitor with other diverse effects. Within 4 to 14 days, erythropoiesis improved and up to 1,616 CFU-E were detected per 10(5) marrow mononuclear cells. However, progenitor cells remained infected, suggesting that suramin modulated erythroid differentiation without inhibiting progenitor infection. These observations led to the hypothesis that the gp70 of FeLV-C/Sarma impairs BFU-E differentiation by interference with ligand/receptor interactions or signal transduction pathways unique to erythroid cells. Understanding this mechanism should provide insights into the interactions controlling early erythropoiesis.
Dietary Berries and Ellagic Acid Diminish Estrogen-Mediated Mammary Tumorigenesis &isin; ACI rats (2008)

Estrogen acts as a complete mammary carcinogen in ACI rats. Prevention studies in this model allowed us to identify agents that are effective against estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated efficacy of dietary berries and ellagic acid to reduce estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Female ACI rats (8-9 wk) were fed either AIN-93M diet (n = 25) or diet supplemented with either powdered blueberry (n = 19) and black raspberry (n = 19) at 2.5% wt/wt each or ellagic acid (n = 22) at 400 ppm. Animals received implants of 17beta-estradiol 2 wk later, were palpated periodically for mammary tumors, and were euthanized after 24 wk. No differences were found in tumor incidence at 24 wk; however, tumor volume and multiplicity were reduced significantly after intervention. Compared with the control group (average tumor volume = 685 +/- 240 mm3 and tumor multiplicity = 8.0 +/- 1.3), ellagic acid reduced the tumor volume by 75% (P < 0.005) and tumor multiplicity by 44% (P < 0.05). Black raspberry followed closely, with tumor volume diminished by > 69% (P < 0.005) and tumor multiplicity by 37% (P = 0.07). Blueberry showed a reduction (40%) only in tumor volume. This is the first report showing the significant efficacy of both ellagic acid and berries in the prevention of solely estrogen-induced mammary tumors.
Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by essential oils against fungi commonly causing deterioration of bakery products (2003)

The potential of the cinnamon leaf, clove, bay, lemongrass and thyme essential oils against species belonging to Eurotium, Aspergillus and Penicillium genus has been demonstrated.
Site-selective spectroscopy of erbium-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SrTiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1995)

The fluorescence spectra of erbium-doped strontium titanate were investigated as a function of sample preparation in order to probe the solid-state defect equilibrium. Erbium dopants double as donor dopants and as optical probes that reflect the variety of defect compensation mechanisms of strontium titanate. Erbium sites were correlated within the strontium titanate phases as a function of cation stoichiometry, dopant concentration, and annealing conditions. Unlike previously studied rare-earth ions, one erbium site apiece was assigned to the ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{TiO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ phases, while the ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ phase supported four sites. The relative distribution of two of the latter sites showed unprecedented sensitivity to ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ stoichiometry and preparation conditions. The observed changes in the site distribution do not agree with simple solid-state defect equilibrium models.
Plant behavior upon contact with streptomycetes (2008)

Plants have a variety of chemical and anatomical defences, whose strengths depend on biotic and environmental influences. We show here that root inoculation with belowground bacteria, filamentous gram-positive streptomycetes, can induce plant defence responses. Such induced plant responses can occur belowground in the roots, but also aboveground, in the leaves, and include priming (sensitizing) like characters. Streptomycetes have also evolved mechanisms to facilitate plant root symbioses, mycorrhiza and root nodulation. By promoting fungal growth and by decreasing plant defence responses, these bacteria promote mycorrhiza formation. This minireview covers our current knowledge on the complex interactions that take place between streptomycetes, plants and rhizosphere microbes.
Towards Special-Purpose Indexes and Statistics for Uncertain Data. (2008)

Abstract. The Trio project at Stanford [35] for managing data, uncertainty, and lineage is developed on top of a conventional DBMS. Uncertain data with lineage is encoded in relational tables, and Trio queries are translated to SQL queries on the encoding. Such a layered approach reaps significant benefits in terms of archi-tectural simplicity, and the ability to use an off-the-shelf query processing engine. In this paper, we present special-purpose indexes and statistics that complement the layered approach to further enhance its performance. First, we identify a well-defined structure of Trio queries, relations, and their encoding that can be exploited by the underlying query optimizer to improve the performance using Trio’s layered approach. We propose several mechanisms for indexing Trio’s uncertain relations and study when these indexes are useful. We then present an interesting order, and an associated operator, which are especially useful to consider when composing query plans. The decision of which query plan to use for a Trio query is dictated by various statistical properties of the input data. We identify the statistical data that can guide the underlying optimizer, and design histograms that enable estimating the statistics accurately. 1
Immunogenicity of multiple antigen peptides (MAP) containing T and B cell epitopes of the repeat region of the <i>P. falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein (1991)

The immunogenicity of multiple antigen peptides (MAP) constructs containing T and B cell epitopes of the repeat region of the P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein was examined in vitro, using a human T cell clone, and in vivo, using four different strains of mice. All the MAP constructs that contained the T cell epitope, (DPNANPNVDPNANPNV), stimulated proliferation and interferon-gamma production by a human T cell clone specific for this epitope which is located in the 5' end of the repeat region of the P. falciparum CS protein. These human T cells did not recognize MAP that contained only the B cell epitope, (NANP)3, which is located in the 3' repeat region. Optimal antibody responses were obtained in mice immunized with MAP containing four copies of tandemly arranged T and B cell epitopes, (TB)4. The murine immune response to the MAP constructs was genetically restricted. Mice of a high responder strain, C57BL, recognized both the 5' and 3' repeat sequences in the MAP as T, as well as B, cell epitopes and developed very high anti-MAP and anti-sporozoite antibody titers. A/J and C3H mice, which were intermediate responders, developed lower antibody titers which varied according to the orientation of the T vs. the B cell epitopes within the MAP constructs. BALB/c mice were nonresponders and did not develop antibodies following immunization with any of the MAP constructs containing the 5' and 3' repeats of the P. falciparum CS protein.
Joint Radar and Communication Design: Applications, State-of-the-Art, and the Road Ahead (2020)

Sharing of the frequency bands between radar and communication systems has attracted substantial attention, as it can avoid under-utilization of otherwise permanently allocated spectral resources, thus improving efficiency. Further, there is increasing demand for radar and communication systems that share the hardware platform as well as the frequency band, as this not only decongests the spectrum, but also benefits both sensing and signaling operations via the full cooperation between both functionalities. Nevertheless, the success of spectrum and hardware sharing between radar and communication systems critically depends on high-quality joint radar and communication designs. In the first part of this paper, we overview the research progress in the areas of radar-communication coexistence and dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) systems, with particular emphasis on application scenarios and technical approaches. In the second part, we propose a novel transceiver architecture and frame structure for a DFRC base station (BS) operating in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band, using the hybrid analog-digital (HAD) beamforming technique. We assume that the BS is serving a multi-antenna user equipment (UE) over a mmWave channel, and at the same time it actively detects targets. The targets also play the role of scatterers for the communication signal. In that framework, we propose a novel scheme for joint target search and communication channel estimation, which relies on omni-directional pilot signals generated by the HAD structure. Given a fully-digital communication precoder and a desired radar transmit beampattern, we propose to design the analog and digital precoders under non-convex constant-modulus (CM) and power constraints, such that the BS can formulate narrow beams towards all the targets, while pre-equalizing the impact of the communication channel. Furthermore, we design a HAD receiver that can simultaneously process signals from the UE and echo waves from the targets. By tracking the angular variation of the targets, we show that it is possible to recover the target echoes and mitigate the resulting interference to the UE signals, even when the radar and communication signals share the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approaches in realizing DFRC are verified via numerical simulations. Finally, the paper concludes with an overview of the open problems in the research field of communication and radar spectrum sharing (CRSS).
Platinum/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Synthesized in Supercritical Fluid as Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells (2005)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported Pt nanoparticle catalysts have been synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) using platinum(II) acetylacetonate as metal precursor. The structure of the catalysts has been characterized with transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM images show that the platinum particles' size is in the range of 5-10 nm. XPS analysis indicates the presence of zero-valence platinum. The Pt-CNT exhibited high catalytic activity both for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. The higher catalytic activity has been attributed to the large surface area of carbon nanotubes and the decrease in the overpotential for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. Cyclic voltammetric measurements at different scan rates showed that the oxygen reduction reaction at the Pt-CNT electrode is a diffusion-controlled process. Analysis of the electrode kinetics using Tafel plot suggests that Pt-CNT from scCO(2) provides a strong electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. For the methanol oxidation reaction, a high ratio of forward anodic peak current to reverse anodic peak current was observed at room temperature, which implies good oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide on the Pt-CNT electrode. This work demonstrates that Pt-CNT nanocomposites synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide are effective electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells.
Comparative Plant Genomics Resources at PlantGDB (2005)

PlantGDB (http://www.plantgdb.org/) is a database of plant molecular sequences. Expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences are assembled into contigs that represent tentative unique genes. EST contigs are functionally annotated with information derived from known protein sequences that are highly similar to the putative translation products. Tentative Gene Ontology terms are assigned to match those of the similar sequences identified. Genome survey sequences are assembled similarly. The resulting genome survey sequence contigs are matched to ESTs and conserved protein homologs to identify putative full-length open reading frame-containing genes, which are subsequently provisionally classified according to established gene family designations. For Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), the exon-intron boundaries for gene structures are annotated by spliced alignment of ESTs and full-length cDNAs to their respective complete genome sequences. Unique genome browsers have been developed to present all available EST and cDNA evidence for current transcript models (for Arabidopsis, see the AtGDB site at http://www.plantgdb.org/AtGDB/; for rice, see the OsGDB site at http://www.plantgdb.org/OsGDB/). In addition, a number of bioinformatic tools have been integrated at PlantGDB that enable researchers to carry out sequence analyses on-site using both their own data and data residing within the database.
CTCF-binding elements 1 and 2 in the <i>Igh</i> intergenic control region cooperatively regulate V(D)J recombination (2015)

Ig heavy chain (IgH) variable region exons are assembled from V, D, and J gene segments during early B-lymphocyte differentiation. A several megabase region at the "distal" end of the mouse IgH locus (Igh) contains hundreds of V(H)s, separated by an intergenic region from Igh Ds, J(H)s, and constant region exons. Diverse primary Igh repertoires are generated by joining Vs, Ds, and Js in different combinations, with a given B cell productively assembling only one combination. The intergenic control region 1 (IGCR1) in the V(H)-to-D intergenic region regulates Igh V(D)J recombination in the contexts of developmental order, lineage specificity, and feedback from productive rearrangements. IGCR1 also diversifies IgH repertoires by balancing proximal and distal V(H) use. IGCR1 functions in all these regulatory contexts by suppressing predominant rearrangement of D-proximal V(H)s. Such IGCR1 functions were neutralized by simultaneous mutation of two CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding elements (CBE1 and CBE2) within it. However, it was unknown whether only one CBE mediates IGCR1 functions or whether both function in this context. To address these questions, we generated mice in which either IGCR1 CBE1 or CBE2 was replaced with scrambled sequences that do not bind CTCF. We found that inactivation of CBE1 or CBE2 individually led to only partial impairment of various IGCR1 functions relative to the far greater effects of inactivating both binding elements simultaneously, demonstrating that they function cooperatively to achieve full IGCR1 regulatory activity. Based on these and other findings, we propose an orientation-specific looping model for synergistic CBE1 and CBE2 functions.
Ammine/amine platinum(IV) dicarboxylates: a novel class of platinum complex exhibiting selective cytotoxicity to intrinsically cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. (1992)

Using a panel of six human ovarian carcinoma cell lines varying by two orders of magnitude in terms of cisplatin cytotoxicity, we have investigated the in vitro antitumor activity of a series of novel alkylamine ammine dicarboxylatodichloroplatinum(IV) complexes of the general formula c,t,c-[PtCl2(OCOR1)2NH3(RNH2)]. A clear relationship existed between increasing the number of carbons in the R1 substituent and increasing cytotoxicity up to R1 = C5H11. In terms of changing the R group, maximum cytotoxic effects were conferred by alicyclic substituents. Furthermore, increasing the alicyclic ring size from cyclobutane through to cycloheptane resulted in increasing cytotoxicity. The agents with longer axial chains (e.g., JM300, R = cyclohexyl, R1 = C6H13) were significantly more cytotoxic than cisplatin and, moreover, exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect against the most intrinsically cisplatin-resistant cell lines (e.g., for HX/62, cisplatin 50% inhibitory concentration, 12.6 microM; SKOV-3, cisplatin 50% inhibitory concentration, 4.4 microM and 41 M; cisplatin 50% inhibitory concentration, 0.23 microM; JM300 was 840-, 440-, and only 34-fold more active, respectively). The dicarboxylates JM221 (R = cyclohexyl, R1 = C3H7) and JM244 (R = n-propyl, R1 = C6H5) also retained activity against a 4-fold cisplatin-acquired resistant variant of the 41M cell line. At least part of the increased cytotoxicity of the dicarboxylate, JM221, over cisplatin appeared to be attributable to an increased intracellular accumulation. This novel class of platinum compound represents a valuable lead in the development of a "third-generation" agent capable of exhibiting activity against clinical disease currently resistant to cisplatin.
A Circuits and Systems Perspective of Organic/Printed Electronics: Review, Challenges, and Contemporary and Emerging Design Approaches (2017)

The often touted attractive attributes of printed/organic electronics are its mechanically flexible form-factor, low-cost, green, on-demand printing, scalability, low-power operation, and intelligence (signal processing) - ideally, the creation of intelligent lightweight electronics printed by simple ubiquitous printing processes, and integrated into new ways to exploit its mechanically flexible form-factor. Printed/Organic Electronics, now an industry on its own right and recognized as one of the key technological enablers for the Internet of Things, is largely complementary to silicon because the printed transistors are slow and the printed elements are large. The sanguine projected growth of the $29 B market today to $73 B by 2027 assumes that `intelligence' (analog, mixed-signal and digital signal processing) would be realizable. Nevertheless, many of the said attributes of printed/organic electronics remain a challenge. In this paper, we exemplify this with a comprehensive and critical review and tabulation of the state-of-the art printed digital, analog, and mixed-signal circuits. We further review the application space of printed/organic electronics and the supply chain, including their classifications and delineate the associated challenges in each constituent chain. These challenges, largely unresolved, are indeed formidable, and are discussed with a critical circuits and systems perspective. Our review depicts that contemporary design philosophies and methodologies for silicon are largely inadequate for printed/organic electronics. To this end, we discuss esoteric analog and digital design philosophies and methodologies, with emphasis on co-design and co-optimization between the different constituent supply chains that may potentially circumvent the said formidable challenges, and discuss the associated penalties thereto.
Coronavirus JHM: Cell-Free Synthesis of Structural Protein p60 (1980)

Sac(-) cells infected with murine coronavirus strain JHM shut off host cell protein synthesis and synthesized polypeptides with molecular weights of 150,000, 60,000, and 23,000. The 60,000- and 23,000-molecular-weight polypeptides comigrated with virion structural proteins p60 and p23, and the 60,000-molecular-weight protein was identified as p60 by tryptic peptide fingerprinting. Polyadenylate-containing RNA [poly(A) RNA] extracted from the cytoplasm of infected cells directed the synthesis of both 60,000- and 23,000-molecular-weight polypeptides in messenger-dependent cell-free systems derived from mouse L-cells and rabbit reticulocytes. The reticulocyte system also synthesized a 120,000-molecular-weight polypeptide that was specifically immunoprecipitated by antiserum raised against JHM virions. The identity of the 60,000- and 23,000-molecular-weight in vitro products was established by comigration with virion proteins, immunoprecipitation, and in the case of p60, tryptic peptide fingerprinting. The cytoplasmic poly(A) RNAs which encoded p60 and p23 sedimented in sucroseformamide gradients at 17S and 19S, respectively, and were clearly separable. These RNAs were among the major poly(A) RNA species synthesized in the cytoplasm of actinomycin D-treated cells late in infection, and the in vitro translation of size-fractionated RNA released from polysomes confirmed that they represent physiological mRNA's. These results suggest that the expression of the coronavirus JHM genome involves more than one subgenomic mRNA.
Motion detection with an unstable camera (2008)

Fast and accurate motion detection in the presence of camera jitter is known to be a difficult problem. Existing statistical methods often produce abundant false positives since jitter-induced motion is difficult to differentiate from scene-induced motion. Although frame alignment by means of camera motion compensation can help resolve such ambiguities, the additional steps of motion estimation and compensation increase the complexity of the overall algorithm. In this paper, we address camera jitter by applying background subtraction to scene dynamics instead of scene photometry. In our method, an object is assumed moving if its dynamical behavior is different from the average dynamics observed in a reference sequence. Our method is conceptually simple, fast, requires little memory, and is easy to train, even on videos containing moving objects. It has been tested and performs well on indoor and outdoor sequences with strong camera jitter.