gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ceramide, a putative second messenger for nerve growth factor, modulates the TTX-resistant Na+ current and delayed rectifier K+ current in rat sensory neurons (2002)

Because nerve growth factor (NGF) is elevated during inflammation and is known to activate the sphingomyelin signalling pathway, we examined whether NGF and its putative second messenger, ceramide, could modulate the excitability of capsaicin-sensitive adult and embryonic sensory neurons. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique, exposure of isolated sensory neurons to either 100 ng ml−1 NGF or 1 μM N-acetyl sphingosine (C2-ceramide) produced a 3- to 4-fold increase in the number of action potentials (APs) evoked by a ramp of depolarizing current in a time-dependent manner. Intracellular perfusion with bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) also increased the number of APs suggesting that the release of native ceramide enhanced neuronal excitability. Glutathione, an inhibitor of neutral SMase, completely blocked the NGF-induced augmentation of AP firing, whereas dithiothreitol, an inhibitor of acidic SMase, was without effect. In the presence of glutathione and NGF, exogenous ceramide still enhanced the number of evoked APs, indicating that the sensitizing action of ceramide was downstream of NGF. To investigate the mechanisms of action for NGF and ceramide, isolated membrane currents were examined. Both NGF and ceramide facilitated the peak amplitude of the TTX-resistant sodium current (TTX-R INa) by approximately 1.5-fold and shifted the activation to more hyperpolarized voltages. In addition, NGF and ceramide suppressed an outward potassium current (IK) by ≈35 %. Ceramide reduced IK in a concentration-dependent manner. Isolation of the NGF- and ceramide-sensitive currents indicates that they were delayed rectifier types of IK. The inflammatory prostaglandin, PGE2, produced an additional suppression of IK after exposure to ceramide (≈35 %), suggesting that these agents might act on different targets. Thus, our findings indicate that the pro-inflammatory agent, NGF, can rapidly enhance the excitability of sensory neurons. This NGF-induced sensitization is probably mediated by activation of the sphingomyelin signalling pathway to liberate ceramide(s), wherein ceramide appears to be the second messenger involved in modulating neuronal excitability.
Deformable model-based generation of realistic 3-D specific human face (1998)

This paper presents a new human face generation method using a three-dimensional deformation technique. The deformation technique allows interactive alignment of features in the general geometric face model with the features of the multi-direction images of the specific human face which are pre-provided by the animator. The deformation result is a 3D face model of the specific human face; it precisely reflects the corresponding features of the specific human face. This deformation technique also provide an available approach to obtaining models of facial expression. To enhance the realism, we employ a new multi-direction texture mapping technique which gets photometric information from multi-direction images of the specific human face to diminish the texture distortion.
Status of HERV in human cells: expression and coding capacity of human proviruses. (2001)

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise a significant portion of the human genome. They are expressed in a variety of human tissues and some encode intact retroviral proteins. HERV expression seems to be upregulated in certain tissues and tumour types. The HERV-K(HML-2) family is an important exception from the vast majority of defective HERVs in that it encodes all essential retroviral proteins and functional enzymes, respectively. Furthermore, several intact HERV-K(HML-2) gag and env genes as well as an almost intact HERV-K(HML-2) provirus could be demonstrated within the human genome. However, none of the HERVs described so far seems to produce infectious virus.
Cell transformation induced by bovine papillomavirus DNA as an assay for tumor promoters and chemopreventive agents. (1991)

An in vitro assay was designed to examine and quantitate the action of chemical promoters and chemopreventive agents on papillomavirus DNA-carrying cells. Cultured C3H/10T1/2 cells transfected with bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA (plasmid pdBPV-1) were used as targets, and the frequency of transformed foci was used as an endpoint. The development of foci with a transformed phenotype was greatly enhanced by tumor promoters (e.g., mezerein, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, teleocidin, and okadaic acid) and complex mixtures such as extracts of the areca nut, which is an integral part of a betel quid and is linked to oral cancers among chewers. The degree of promotion depended on the length of exposure, the type of promoter, and the time of application after transfection with BPV DNA. The inhibitory effect of chemopreventive agents on transformation can be tested either directly on BPV DNA transfected cells (promoter-independent transformation), or on transfected cells that were exposed to tumor promoters (promoter-dependent transformation). Retinol, and to a lesser degree beta-carotene, exerted an inhibitory effect on promoter-dependent and promoter-independent transformation of BPV DNA transfected cells. The inhibitory effect was conveyed either by the addition of retinol simultaneously with promoters, or after exposure to the promoting agents was completed. The significance of this short-term in vitro assay for the design of chemopreventive trials is discussed.
Syntheses and structure of the first eight‐membered fluoro and chloro hafnium siloxane complexes (1996)

Abstract The eight‐membered chloro hafnium siloxane complex [Cl 2 HfO t Bu 2 SiO(THF) 2 ] 2 2 has been prepared by the reaction of hafnium tetrachloride and t Bu 2 Si(OSnMe 3 ) 2 1 . The X‐ray single crystal structure of [Cl 2 HfO t Bu 2 SiO(THF) 2 ] 2 is reported. The reaction of 2 with Me 3 SnF in a molar ratio of 1:4 leads to the corresponding fluoro complex 3 . The reaction of [(C 5 Me 5 )HfCl 3 ] with the lithiated silanediol t Bu 2 Si(OLi) 2 yields [(C 5 Me 5 )ClHfO t Bu 2 SiO] 2 4 .
Urinary trypsin inhibitor levels in the urine of patients with haematological malignancies (2001)

The urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) levels in the urine of patients with various haematological malignancies were determined, using automated latex agglutination immunoturbidimetry. The mean UTI levels in urine in acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and multiple myeloma groups were significantly elevated, compared with the normal control group. It was found that the UTI level in urine changed from an elevated value to a normal value with haematological improvement by chemotherapy in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome included in a previous study. These results suggest tha
A hypersaline microbial mat from the Pacific Atoll Kiritimati: insights into composition and carbon fixation using biomarker analyses and a <sup>13</sup>C‐labeling approach (2009)

Modern microbial mats are widely recognized as useful analogs for the study of biogeochemical processes relevant to paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the Precambrian. We combined microscopic observations and investigations of biomarker composition to investigate community structure and function in the upper layers of a thick phototrophic microbial mat system from a hypersaline lake on Kiritimati (Christmas Island) in the Northern Line Islands, Republic of Kiribati. In particular, an exploratory incubation experiment with (13)C-labeled bicarbonate was conducted to pinpoint biomarkers from organisms actively fixing carbon. A high relative abundance of the cyanobacterial taxa Aphanocapsa and Aphanothece was revealed by microscopic observation, and cyanobacterial fatty acids and hydrocarbons showed (13)C-uptake in the labeling experiment. Microscopic observations also revealed purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) in the deeper layers. A cyclic C(19:0) fatty acid and farnesol were attributed to this group that was also actively fixing carbon. Background isotopic values indicate Calvin-Benson cycle-based autotrophy for cycC(19:0) and farnesol-producing PSBs. Biomarkers from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the top layer of the mat and their (13)C-uptake patterns indicated a close coupling between SRBs and cyanobacteria. Archaeol, possibly from methanogens, was detected in all layers and was especially abundant near the surface where it contained substantial amounts of (13)C-label. Intact glycosidic tetraether lipids detected in the deepest layer indicated other archaea. Large amounts of ornithine and betaine bearing intact polar lipids could be an indicator of a phosphate-limited ecosystem, where organisms that are able to substitute these for phospholipids may have a competitive advantage.
Money is the answer (2003)

Eric Caines now believes there is only one cure for NHS ills – and it is you
The Financial Analysts Seminar (1956)

S OF SOME FORUMS Lester V. Chandler, Professor of Economics at Princeton University, opened the Seminar with the first of three clear and concise presentations of Monetary and Fiscal Policy. He lectured again Monday afternoon and Tuesday morning. After discussing the principal instruments of general monetary management and the inter-relations of these instruments in carrying out the objectives of a general monetary policy, he discussed the evolution of policy relative to the market for Treasury obligations. problems of maximum employment and the most rapid sustainable economic growth with a stable price level provided the stepping stone to the question as to what might be appropriate policy should we have rising prices and falling employment. Consumer and housing credit received attention, as did the arguments for and against a tax cut, as well as the general aspects of fiscal policy and debt management as they impinge upon our present situation. Daniel H. Brill, Chief of the Business Finance and Capital Market Section of the Division of Research and Statistics of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, gave an interesting lecture on The Flow-of-Funds System of the National Accounts. This topic is largely of academic interest, since current figures are not likely to be regularly available for some two years. As time goes on an advance understanding of what may be one of the most important tools for measuring economic activity may well prove to have been one of the most valuable contributions of the Seminar. In the process of describing the aims and the structure of the new flow-of-funds system, we were given a most concise and clear picture of the present national in-ome accounts and the differences in approach and use between this G.N.P. system and that now being constructed. Under the title A Critique of Methods of Appraisal of Security Values, Elliott Farr, Vice-President of the Girard Trust Corn Exchange Bank, Philadelphia, showed how he had used various system of analysis. This was not so much to provIde specific answers to questions pertinent to relative investment values but rather to ask them. program was closed with Richard Lambourne, Treasurer oz the Ford Foundation, with a lecture on Uncharted Areas in Security Analysis, in which he examined some of the ways various analytical techniques had been applied in a practical fashion and concluded by giving his
Theoretical Evaluation of Channel Structure in Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (2009)

Energy band structures for monolayer and bilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons on SiC substrates are investigated using a nearest-neighbor tight-binding approximation with two distinct models (interlayer coupling and substrate-induced asymmetry models). Differences in the band structures and charge distributions based on the two models are clarified. The calculation results suggest that wide films of bilayer armchair graphene on SiC substrates should be used for electronics applications such as graphene-channel field-effect transistors.
An improved procedure for the preparation of 2‐amino‐8‐alkylpyrido‐[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐4(3<i>H</i>)‐ones (8‐alkyl‐N5‐deazapterins) (1994)

Abstract We report an improved procedure for the preparation of 8‐alkyl‐N5‐deazapterins which allows clean preparation of all ring‐methyl substituted compounds, including 5‐ and 7‐methyl substituted compounds. The procedure was also successfully applied to the preparation of N5‐deazapterins with improved yield over previous reports. The uv/visible and p K a data confirm the predicted increased basicity of 8‐alkyl‐N5‐deazapterins compared with the N5‐deazapterin parents, and indicate that N5‐deazapterins protonate on N8 and 8‐alkyl‐N5‐deazapterins protonate on N3.
La entrevista cognitiva mejorada: cómo interrogar a un testigo de manera eficaz (2014)

La entrevista cognitiva está considerada como una de las técnicas más eficaces para mejorar la calidad de la declaración de un testigo. Inicialmente incluía cuatro técnicas: reinstauración del contexto, contarlo todo, cambio de perspectiva y cambio de orden, pero se han introducido otras nuevas, dando lugar a la entrevista cognitiva mejorada. Esta nueva entrevista, además de mejorar la calidad de la declaración de los testigos, también parece ser útil para otros propósitos, como detectar mentiras, o para mejorar el bienestar mental de las víctimas. Repasamos brevemente la investigación existente y las técnicas más relevantes para ambos tipos de entrevista.
Frequency domain equalization of SC-FDMA signal without any reference symbols (2009)

This paper presents an equalization of SC-FDMA systems without any reference symbols by using a FD-DFE. The Aim is to avoid the loss of spectral efficiency and throughput due to the reference symbols encountered in the existing SC-FDMA systems. Unfortunately, this equalizer shows adapting problems to the SC-FDMA context concerning conversion of circular to linear convolution that we'll try to overcome by proposing two solutions.
Hormone-induced ductal DNA synthesis of human breast tissues maintained in the athymic nude mouse. (1981)

Five biopsy specimens of morphologically normal human breast tissues, obtained from the margins of five benign human breast tumors, were processed into slices (4.0 x 4.0 x 0.1 mm) and transplanted s.c. dorsally (eight to ten slices/mouse) into forty-three 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c athymic nude mice. Each individual human breast tissue specimen was transplanted into seven to ten mice. After 30 days, the mice were divided into four groups and treated for 30 days as follows: (a) controls receiving s.c. cholesterol pellets (38 mg); (b) estrogens that were administered in s.c. pellets containing 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol and 38 mg cholesterol and in drinking water containing 0.5 mg estrone per liter; (c) rat pituitary tumor (RPT), a cell suspension of MtT-W10 RPT that secretes large amounts of prolactin and growth hormone, injected dorsorostrally; and (d) RPT plus estrogens. Three to five human breast tissue grafts were removed from each mouse at the onset of treatment, and the remainder were removed at termination of treatment. DNA synthesis in the ductal epithelium was determined in pre- and posttreatment grafts by [3H]thymidine autoradiography after incubation of grafts for 4 hr in an isotope-enriched medium. The labeling index (LI), mean number of labeled epithelial cells per unit area of epithelial tissue, in pre- and posttreatment grafts was, respectively: (a) control, 7.6 +/- 1.4 and 7.1 +/- 1.4; (b) estrogens, 5.5 +/- 0.6 and 17.9 +/- 2.3; (c) RPT, 6.2 +/- 0.7 and 8.0 +/- 1.5; and (d) RPT plus estrogens, 6.3 +/- 0.8 and 26.6 +/- 2.5. A significant increase in LI was observed after treatment with estrogens (p less than 0.05) or RPT plus estrogen (p less than 0.001). Mean LI after treatment with RPT plus estrogens was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) than after estrogens alone. RPT alone did not significantly alter the LI. Thus, these results provide in vivo evidence that estrogens enhance DNA synthesis of the ductal epithelium of the normal human breast and that a growth factor (or factors) from RPT acts synergistically with estrogens to produce a more pronounced increase in DNA synthesis. RPT growth factors (perhaps prolactin and/or growth hormone) appear to require estrogens for DNA synthesis stimulation in normal human breast ductal epithelium.
Influence of Carbohydrate, Intense Exercise, and Rest Intervals on Hormonal and Oxidative Changes (2007)

This study compared effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and rest on oxidative stress during exercise. Cyclists (N = 12) completed 4 randomized trials at 64% Wattsmax under 2 conditions (continuous cycling for 2 h [C] and cycling with 3-min rest every 10 min for 2.6 h [R]). Subjects cycled under each condition while receiving 6% CHO and placebo (PLA). CHO and PLA were given preexercise (12 mL/kg) and during exercise (4 mL x kg(-1) x 15 min(-1)). Blood was collected preexercise, postexercise, and 1 h postexercise and assayed for F2-isoprostanes, hydroperoxides (LH), nitrite, antioxidant capacity, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and epinephrine. F2-isoprostanes and LH were lower in CHO. Glucose, cortisol, and epinephrine exhibited significant effects, with postexercise levels of glucose higher and cortisol and epinephrine lower in CHO during the R condition. This pattern was identical in the C condition (21). Oxidative stress during cycling was unaffected by use of short rest intervals but was diminished by CHO.
Self-monitoring ‘SMART’ (RE)Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7−<i>x</i></sub>conductor via integrated optical fibers (2017)

A self-monitoring, SMART (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−x (REBCO) conductor has been created by integrating optical fibers into the solder fillet of the current REBCO conductor architecture. By interrogating the integrated optical fiber by Raleigh backscattering, a spectral shift signal as a function of time and position along the conductor is obtained. Due to the direct integration into the solder fillet, intimate, consistent contact between fiber and conductor is obtained, while the optical fiber is protected and does not take up any space in the magnet winding. Therefore, the SMART conductor enhances the benefits of the co-wound fiber approach and provides ultimate sensitivity and practicality. Several samples of SMART REBCO conductor have been manufactured and characterized. The strain self-sensing capabilities have been demonstrated as well as thermal perturbation detection and localization with 2.56 mm spatial resolution. Results show that a key feature of the SMART conductor concerns its sensitivity to thermal perturbation; unlike in the case of a coil with co-wound optical fiber, the SMART REBCO sensitivity increases as the temperature decreases. A series of quench measurements have been performed, both on straight samples and on a pancake coil, at temperatures as low as 14.6 K. Using the data collected by the SMART REBCO during quench experiments, the temporal evolution of the size of a normal zone and the instantaneous normal zone propagation velocity have been calculated.
Synthesis and structural characterisation of rare-earth bis(dimethylsilyl)amides and their surface organometallic chemistry on mesoporous MCM-41 † (1998)

Rare-earth silylamides of type [Ln{N(SiHMe2)2}3(thf)x] (Ln = Sc, Y, La, Nd, Er or Lu) have been prepared in high yield by reaction of 2.9 equivalents of Li[N(SiHMe2)2] with [LnCl3(thf)x] in n-hexane or thf, depending on the solubility of the rare-earth halide precursor. The complexes [Ln{N(SiHMe2)2}3(thf)2] (Ln = Y, La to Lu) are isostructural in the solid state, adopting the preferred (3 + 2, distorted) trigonal bipyramidal geometry, whilst [Sc{N(SiHMe2)2}3(thf)] has a distorted tetrahedral co-ordination geometry and short Sc· · ·Si contacts in the solid state. The reaction of [Y{N(SiHMe2)2}3(thf)2] with varying amounts of AlMe3 resulted in desolvation and alkylation with formation of AlMe3(thf), {AlMe2[µ-N(SiHMe2]2}2 and heterobimetallic (Y/Al) species. The generation of surface-bonded ‘(SiO)xY[N(SiHMe2)2]y’ and ‘SiOSiHMe2’ moieties via the grafting of [Y{N(SiHMe2)2}3(thf)2] onto the mesoporous silicate MCM-41 is described in detail. Consideration is given to the factors governing the siloxide formation and silylation reactions, and the thermal stability of the surface species.
Variable Fused Deposition Modelling – analysis of benefits, concept design and tool path generation (2011)

Current Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) techniques use fixed diameter nozzles to deposit a filament of plastic layer by layer. The consequence is that the same small nozzle, essential for fine details, is also used to fill in relatively large volumes. In practice a Pareto-optimal nozzle diameter is chosen that attempts to maximise resolution while minimising build time. This paper introduces a concept for adapting an additive manufacturing system, which exploits a variable diameter nozzle for the fused deposition of polymers. The variable nozzle allows the print resolution and the build speed to become independent variables which may be optimised. The paper discusses a concept design for the variable diameter nozzle to be fitted to a RapMan 3D printer and the software used to generate the tool paths for the extrusion head. The methodology involves the use of existing software solutions to gather basic data from STL files and generate the tool paths. A method for integrating the data and the deposition system is proposed. The challenges and possibilities of the technology are discussed as well as future research.
Use of (Glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane as a Binder in Colloidal Silica Coatings (1997)

Colloidal silica coatings were produced from suspensions of silica modified with (glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPS). Coating dispersions were prepared by adding GPS to a silica colloid (12 nm) suspension. Adsorption of hydrolyzed GPS species on silica surfaces was monitored by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The addition of GPS to a basic silica suspension (pH 9.5) favored condensation among hydrolyzed GPS species over adsorption. By contrast, more adsorption on the silica colloids occurred in acidic suspensions (pH 4) and condensation among hydrolyzed GPS species was slower. The interaction between GPS and colloidal silica was also reflected in the aggregation and gelation behavior of the suspensions and the coating microstructure. Suspensions prepared by addition of GPS at low pH resulted in coatings that were less prone to cracking. In addition, polyamine could be added to these suspensions in order to cure the coatings. Compared with unmodified silica coatings, coatings prepared with GPS modification were denser, adhered better to the polymer substrate, and could be made thicker (up to 20 μm). Coatings were also transparent to the eye.
A structurally characterized Ni–Al methyl-bridged complex with catalytic ethylene oligomerization activity (2006)

A bimetallic Ni-Al (2.5087(15) A) complex with an agostic alpha-C-H, [eta-C5H4CH=N(C6F5)]Fe[eta-C5H4PPh2]Ni(AlMe3), has been isolated and crystallographically established. The complex is active towards ethylene oligomerization/polymerization under moderate conditions.
The Effects of Geometry on Diffusion‐Controlled Chemical Reaction Rates in a Plasma (1977)

The photoresist strip rate at the edge and center of an array of silicon wafers is calculated for an oxygen plasma. The etch rate at the edge is essentially independent of wafer diameter and spacing, whereas the etch rate at the center increases linearly with increasing wafer spacing and is inversely proportional to the square of wafer diameter. Thus, a plasma stripping or etching system has a processing rate which can be specified in silicon area per unit time. The degree of inhomogeneity between edge and center also depends on the probability of reaction when a reactive specie hits the photoresist. Experimental measurements confirm the predicted functional dependence, except with an oxygen plasma the strip rate at the center of the wafer varies inversely as the cube of the wafer diameter rather than as the square. The implication is that two atomic oxygen atoms react simultaneously with the photoresist, perhaps as , or more probably as .