gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gluten and Celiac Disease—An Immunological Perspective (2012)

Gluten, a complex protein group in wheat, rye, and barley, causes celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune enteropathy of the small intestine, in genetically susceptible individuals. CD affects about 1% of the general population and causes significant health problems. Adverse inflammatory reactions to gluten are mediated by inappropriate T-cell activation leading to severe damage of the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing atrophy of absorptive surface villi. Gluten peptides bind to the chemokine receptor, CXCR3, and induce release of zonulin, which mediates tight-junction disassembly and subsequent increase in intestinal permeability. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-15 also contributes to the pathology of CD, by driving the expansion of intra-epithelial lymphocytes that damage the epithelium and promote the onset of T-cell lymphomas. There is no cure or treatment for CD, except for avoiding dietary gluten. Current gluten thresholds for food labeling have been established based on the available analytical methods, which show variation in gluten detection and quantification. Also, the clinical heterogeneity of celiac patients poses difficulty in defining clinically acceptable gluten thresholds in gluten-free foods. Presently, there is no bioassay available to measure gluten-induced immunobiological responses. This review focuses on various aspects of CD, and the importance of gluten thresholds and reference material from an immunological perspective.
Performance evaluation of dynamic signature file methods (2002)

With rapid increase of information requirements from various application areas, there has been much research on dynamic information storage structures that effectively support insertions, deletions and updates. We evaluate the performance of the existing dynamic signature file methods such as the S-tree, Quid Filter and HS file, and provide guidelines for the most effective usage to a given operational environment. We derive analytic performance evaluation models of the storage structures based on retrieval time, storage overhead and insertion time. We also perform extensive experiments with various data distributions such as uniform, normal and exponential distributions.
A backup route aware routing protocol - fast recovery from transient routing failures (2008)

As the Internet becomes the critical information infrastructure for both personal and business applications, survivable routing protocols need to be designed that maintain the performance of those services in the presence of failures. This paper examines the survivability of interdoamin routing protocols in the presence of routing failure events, and provides a backup route aware routing protocol that performs non-stop routing in the presence of failures. We demonstrate through simulation its effectiveness in preventing packet losses during transient routing failures.
Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Frozen-Thawed Bovine Spermatozoa Recovered Via a Conventional and a Standardized Swim-Up Technique. (1997)

The objective of this study was to use the bovine as a model to evaluate the recovery of frozen-thawed spermatozoa via a conventional and a standardized swim-up technique. Frozen-thawed semen specimens (3 bulls) were washed and reconstituted with 2.9% (w/v) sodium citrate extender containing 20% (v/v) chicken egg yolk (SC-EY). Reconstituted sperm specimens were used for selection via conventional swim-up and the standardized ZSC method. The swim-up method consisted of overlayering the sperm specimen with 0.7 to 1.0 ml of isolation media (Ham's F-10), followed by 1 hr of incubation. The ZSC consisted of a conical cavity on the bottom of a glass column. The sperm specimen was placed into the conical cavity until the surface of the specimen was at the same level as the upper boundaries of the conical cavity. The surrounding periconical and epiconical areas were filled with 0.7 to 1.0 ml of isolation media followed by 1 hr of incubation. The isolation media was removed (harvesting) from swim-up (80% volume) and ZSC specimens (100% volume) at the end of incubation. Recovered specimens were assessed for volume (ml), sperm concentration (x10(6) spermatozoa/ml), the percentage and grade of motility (0 to 4), the occurrence of osmotic shock and the percentage of spermatozoa reactive to the hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test. Swim-up and ZSC selected specimens were qualitatively similar to each other. However, higher numbers of spermatozoa were recovered when sperm specimens were processed via the ZSC method (1.6 fold increase) than with the conventional swim-up technique. Because the ZSC method enabled the recovery of up to 100% of the overlayered media, it also enabled the recovery of most of the spermatozoa that migrated from the sperm specimen into the isolation media with no possibility of mixing the two, which was the case with the swim-up method, and which could also contaminate the recovered specimen with dead and immotile spermatozoa. Thus, the ZSC technique enabled the harvesting of the medium closest to the underlayered sperm specimen, which contributed to maximize the number of sperm recovered. When all assessed parameters were noted and all clinical improvements and efficiency of the method were compared to the swim-up technique, the sperm manipulation procedure of choice was clearly the ZSC method.
Factors Affecting Quality and Postharvest Properties of Vegetables: Integration of Water Relations and Metabolism (2004)

Growing of vegetables in the field, harvesting, handling in the packing house and storage are events in the lifetime of vegetables that are analysed from the point of view of the complex series of physiological transitions taking place in each of these events. Water is the major factor limiting plant metabolism and plants have developed fascinating mechanisms to cope with this limiting factor. Therefore, water relations (water, pressure and osmotic potential) are used as criteria for discussing plant stress physiology aspects such as osmotic, elastic adjustment and cold acclimation, as well as mechanical stress when the vegetable is harvested and during handling in the packing house. Consequences for the storage potential and quality of the vegetable are discussed. After harvesting, the postharvest cell has the ability to complete a complex series of physiological transitions that will influence vegetable quality andfurther processing operations. Metabolic changes in the cytosol, cell membrane and cell wall are described.
Einleitung (2004)

Aufgrund der sich derzeit vollziehenden Veränderungen innerhalb des Gütertransportgewerbes sehen sich gegenwärtig vor allem die deutschen Speditionsunternehmen einem sehr hohen Kosten- und Leistungsdruck ausgesetzt, dem sie zumeist — aufgrund fehlender Differenzierungsmöglichkeiten — nur durch eine nachhaltig effizientere Leistungserbringung entsprechen können. So haben sich wegen der zahlreichen Deregulierungsmaßnahmen im europäischen Binnenmarkt die Wettbewerbsbedingungen für die dort tätigen Transport-dienstleister erheblich verschärft. Während der Zutritt zum Transportgütermarkt vorher nur sehr begrenzt möglich war, haben diese Maßnahmen im Wesentlichen dazu geführt, dass aufgrund der Aufhebung und Lockerung zahlreicher Vorschriften gegenwärtig und zukünftig viele neue Konkurrenten auftreten werden. Dabei führt die in den Deregulierungsmaßnahmen ebenfalls erfolgte Tariffreigabe zusätzlich dazu, dass innerhalb des Transportgewerbes ein deutlich verschärfter Preiskampf einsetzt. Hierbei besitzen — aufgrund der wesentlich geringeren Personalkosten — osteuropäische Speditionen gegenüber ihren deutschen Konkurrenten erhebliche Vorteile. Daneben sehen sich auch viele Transportdienstleister zahlreichen neuen Kundenanforderungen hinsichtlich einer zeitgenauen Lieferfähigkeit und umfassenderen Leistungspaketen ausgesetzt. Diese zu erfüllen, stellt die Unternehmen — vor allem auch aufgrund der beschränkten Leistungsfähigkeit der verfügbaren Transportwege — vor weitere schwierige Aufgaben. So müssen Speditionsunternehmen zukünftig vermehrt über Netzwerke verfügen, die eine möglichst vollständige räumliche Abdeckung der Beförderungsleistungen in den jeweils betrachteten Gebieten erlauben. Darüber hinaus erwarten die Kunden speditioneller Dienstleistungen zunehmend, dass neben den reinen Beförderungsleistungen noch weitere zusätzliche Aufgaben übernommen werden. So sollen Speditionsdienstleister zukünftig auch vielfach logistische Aufgaben innerhalb der Wertschöpfungskette der jeweiligen. Kunden wahrnehmen. Dies kann beispielsweise dazu führen, dass Speditionsunternehmen sogar für die vollständige Planung und Steuerung bestimmter logistischer Abläufe in diesen Unternehmen verantwortlich sind.
<b>The effect of repetitive mild hyperthermia on body temperature, the autonomic nervous system, and innate and adaptive </b><b>immunity </b> (2015)

The effect of repetitive mild hyperthermia on body temperature, the autonomic nervous system, and innate and adaptive immunity was investigated using a new hyperthermia treatment system, nanomist sauna (NMS). Six healthy volunteers participated and the concentration of catecholamines and cortisol, and the frequency and function of leukocytes in the peripheral blood were investigated before and after successive 7 days of hyperthermia treatment (20 min/day, 40°C, 100% relative humidity). After treatment, the blood level of adrenaline and cortisol on the 7th day was decreased compared with the 1st day, indicating the suppression of the sympathetic nervous system activity. Moreover, the frequency of CD56(+)NK, CD56(+)NKT and B cells on the 7th day tended to be increased compared with the 1st day. The frequency of HLA-DR-positive NK and NKT cells and expression of HLA-DR on B and T cells increased. The cytotoxicity of NK cells and proliferative response of B cells were also elevated. The results indicate that repetitive mild hyperthermia treatment might suppress excessive sympathetic dominance and modify immunity. Additionally, because it can provide the same effects as conventional hyperthermia treatments with minimal burden to the body, NMS may be a novel patient- and elderly-friendly hyperthermia treatment for health promotion.
Analysis of the entire nucleotide sequence of the cryptic plasmid of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>serovar L1. Evidence for involvement in DNA replication (1988)

Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L1/440/LN possesses a 7498bp plasmid which was designated pLGV440. The plasmid was cloned at the BamH1 site of pAT153 into Escherichia coli and the recombinant plasmid was designated pCTL1. A detailed restriction endonuclease map of pCTL1 was constructed. A fragment of the chlamydial plasmid was shown to function as a promoter in E. coli when placed upstream of the lacZ gene. The entire plasmid was sequenced by the chain termination method. Open reading frames were identified from the resulting consensus sequence together with a candidate for the plasmid origin of replication consisting of four perfect tandem repeats of a 22bp sequence, an A:T rich sequence and an open reading frame which could generate a 34.8kdal product. The predicted polypeptide products of the open reading frames were compared by computer with all reported protein sequences. Homology of the predicted polypeptide product of an open reading frame to the E. coli dnaB protein and the analogous product of gene 12 of bacteriophage P22 is described.
Primate Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Human Beings (1998)

1. Darwin and friends 2. Primate classification and evolution 3. Mating systems 4. Mating tactics and reproductive success 5. Sexual behaviour and sexual response 6. Socio-sexual, bisexual, and homosexual behaviour 7. Sexual selection and sexually dimorphic traits 8. Sperm competition 9. Sexual selection and genitalic evolution 10. The development of sexually dimorphic behaviour 11. The ovarian cycle and sexual behaviour 12. The neuroendocrine regulation of sexual behaviour in the adult female 13. Hormones and sexual behaviour in the adult male 14. Socioendocrinology and sexual behaviour 15. Human sexuality in primatological perspective References Index
A Comparison of Dissolution Results Using O-ring vs. Clipped Basket Shafts (2001)

wo ty pes of basket shafts are co m m e rc i a l l y available to the analys t .One ty pe has an Oring inset in the disk at the end of the shaft with the basket fitting snuggly around the o-ri n g.Th e other has three clips attached to the disk at the end of the shaft .The basket is attached by fitting be tween the clips and the disk.The lat ter design is d e s c ri bed in USP 24 Ge n e ral Ch a p ter on Di s s o l u t i o n (1).The two designs are shown in Fi g u re 1. The purpose of this study is to co m p a re these two ty pes of basket shafts using the two USP Ca l i b rato r Ta b l e t s,Prednisone and Sa l i cylic acid,and thre e d eve l o p m e nt prod u ct s.
Forward and reverse link capacity for 1xEV-DO: third generation wireless high-speed data systems (2003)

This paper presents the performance results of a 1xEV-DO system. With different fading channels, data rate control lengths and overhead channel power levels, the system performance will vary. While optimizing the forward-link throughput becomes critical for asymmetric traffic demand, it is important to ensure that the reverse-link throughput is sufficient to support the data traffic ratio of 4:1 to 6:1 (forward/reverse). In this paper, the forward-link throughput is simulated. The final throughput is based on field measured channels for different morphologies. On the reverse link capacity, the throughput is analyzed based on an analytical formula that considers pilot, DRC and data channels.
Suppression of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1)–induced Pneumonia in Mice by Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS, NOS2) (1997)

Intranasal Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of mice caused pneumonia. Manifestations of the disease included: histological pneumonitis, pulmonary influx of lymphocytes, decreased pulmonary compliance, and decreased survival. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated iNOS induction and the nitrotyrosine antigen in the lungs of infected, but not uninfected mice, suggesting that nitric oxide contributes to the development of pneumonia. To elucidate the role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of HSV-1 pneumonia, infected mice were treated either with the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase activity, N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), or, as a control, with PBS or D-NMMA. L-NMMA treatment decreased the histological evidence of pneumonia and reduced the bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte number to one-quarter of the total measured in control-treated mice. L-NMMA treatment significantly improved survival and pulmonary compliance of HSV-1-infected mice. Strikingly, the L-NMMA-mediated suppression of pneumonia occurred despite the presence of a 17-fold higher pulmonary viral titer. Taken together, these data demonstrated a previously unrecognized role of nitric oxide in HSV-1-induced pneumonia. Of note, suppression of pneumonia occurred despite higher pulmonary virus content; therefore, our data suggest that HSV-1 pneumonia is due to aspects of the inflammatory response rather than to direct viral cytopathic effects.
Prostaglandin E2 Suppresses Chemokine Production in Human Macrophages through the EP4 Receptor (2002)

Pro-inflammatory pathways participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the role of endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways in atheroma has received much less attention. Therefore, using cDNA microarrays, we screened for genes regulated by prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a potential endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human macrophages (MPhi). PGE(2) (50 nm) attenuated LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta, and interferon-inducible protein-10. PGE(2) also inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-, interferon-gamma-, and interleukin-1beta-mediated expression of these chemokines. In contrast to the case of MPhi, PGE(2) did not suppress chemokine expression in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMC) treated with LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines. To assess the potential paracrine effect of endogenous PGE(2) on macrophage-derived chemokine production, we co-cultured MPhi with SMC in the presence of LPS. In these co-cultures, cyclooxygenase-2-dependent PGE(2) production exceeded that in the mono-cultures, and MIP-1beta declined significantly compared with MPhi cultured without SMC. We further documented prominent expression of the PGE(2) receptor EP4 in MPhi in both culture and human atheroma. Moreover, a selective EP4 antagonist completely reversed PGE(2)-mediated suppression of chemokine production. Thus, endogenous PGE(2) may modulate inflammation during atherogenesis and other inflammatory diseases by suppressing macrophage-derived chemokine production via the EP4 receptor.
The Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose 4-Phosphate (1974)

The synthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 4-phosphate is described. A suitably protected derivative (benzyl 2-acetamido-3-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside) was phosphorylated with o-phenylene phosphochloridate. The removal of the o-hydroxyphenyl group was accomplished by using 2% bromine in buffered aqueous-ethanol, and the ester groups were removed by mild alkaline treatment. Removal of the benzyl glycosidic group by hydrogenation yielded 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 4-phosphate, which was obtained in a crystalline form as its monoammonium salt monohydrate.
A low power and reliable charge pump design for phase change memories (2014)

The emerging Phase Change Memory (PCM) technology exhibits excellent scalability and density potentials. At the same time, they require high current and high voltages to switch cell states. Their working voltages are provided by CMOS-compatible on-chip charge pumps (CPs). Unfortunately, CPs and particularly those for RESET, have a large parasitic power (a dominant component in total power loss) during operations, which significantly degrades their energy efficiency. In addition, CPs seriously suffer from the Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) problem due to their boosted operation voltage. To maintain a reasonable lifetime of CPs, existing solutions actively switch them on per-operation basis, resulting in large performance degradation In this paper, we address the above issues through two designs --- Reset_Sch (RESET scheduling) and CP_Sch (CP scheduling). Reset_Sch schedules when to perform a RESET for different cells upon writing a PCM line. It significantly reduces the power loss, and peak working power of RESET CP. CP_Sch incorporates a fast READ CP design to provide fast charge-up time for reads and minimize performance penalty. Our experimental results show that on average, 70% of power loss for RESET CP can be reduced; and performance loss can be reduced from 16% to 2% while achieving a 16% improvement in reliability
Production and Characterization of Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies to Wild-Type and Oncogenic FLI-1 Proteins (1997)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against the C-terminal domain of human FLI-1, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors which is involved in various murine and human malignancies. This FLI-1 specific domain is included in the fusion product EWS-FLI-1, an oncogenic variant of FLI-1 expressed in Ewing tumors. Antibodies were screened first by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay onto recombinant FLI-1-coated plates. Positive clones were then tested for their ability to immunoprecipitate over-expressed EWS-FLI-1 protein. Three monoclonal antibodies were selected and further characterized. One of them, termed 7.3 MoAb, was shown to react with FLI-1 and EWS-FLI-1 in immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence experiments. With all three methods, this antibody not only enabled the detection of overexpressed proteins but also more interestingly, that of endogenously expressed proteins. Furthermore, the 7.3 MoAb can specifically inhibit the interaction of FLI-1 with its DNA-binding site as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The 7.3 MoAb appears to be specific for FLI-1 because it does not react with ERG, the ETS family member most closely related to FLI-1. This antibody should be a useful tool in the diagnostic evaluation of Ewing tumors and should permit biochemical analyses to study the function of the wild-type FLI-1 protein and of the EWS-FLI-1 fusion protein.
Cyclic optical encoders/decoders for compact optical CDMA networks (2000)

For compact optical code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks, a novel cyclic optical encoder/decoder based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) router is proposed. The proposed encoder/decoder treats multiple codewords of the two-dimensional Reed-Solomon code simultaneously using the cyclic property of the AWG router and the code, and multiple subscribers can share the encoder/decoder in networks. With the proposed encoder/decoder, optical CDMA networks become compact and cheap, since the number of encoders/decoders required in the network is reduced. The feasibility of the proposed encoder/decoder is demonstrated experimentally.
The Effect of Supplementation With Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Soluble Markers of Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease (1999)

During progression of atherosclerosis the overlying endothelial cells alter their expression of some surface molecules. Circulating levels of such molecules may be quantified. We investigated the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) on the levels of tissue plasminogen activator antigen, von Willebrand factor, and the soluble forms of thrombomodulin, P-selectin, E-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in 54 patients with coronary heart disease. Twenty-three of the patients had taken 5.1 g/d n-3 FA for 6 months (group I) and 31 were given corn oil as placebo (group II). For another 4 weeks ("the study period") they all got 5.1 g/d of n-3 FA. Compliance was confirmed by demonstration of changes in relevant fatty acids in serum phospholipids. At baseline, significant differences between the groups were found with lower median values of von Willebrand factor (128% versus 147%) and soluble thrombomodulin (24.9 versus 32.5 ng/mL) and higher median values of soluble E-selectin (41.4 versus 35.5 ng/mL) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (573 versus 473 ng/mL) in group I. During the study period differences in changes between the groups were found; tissue plasminogen activator antigen and soluble thrombomodulin decreased (P for difference between the groups 0.001 and 0.015, respectively), whereas soluble E-selectin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 increased (P for difference between the groups <0.01 for both) in group II relative to group I. Our results indicate that n-3 FA supplementation decreases hemostatic markers of atherosclerosis, whereas markers of inflammation may be increased. The latter may be the result of lipid peroxidation as a simultaneous decrease of vitamin E and increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were observed.