gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful Formulation and Application of Plant Growth-Promoting<i>Kosakonia radicincitans</i>in Maize Cultivation (2018)

The global market for biosupplements is expected to grow by 14 percent between 2014 and 2019 as a consequence of the proven benefits of biosupplements on crop yields, soil fertility, and fertilizer efficiency. One important segment of biosupplements is plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Although many potential PGPB have been discovered, suitable biotechnological processing and shelf-life stability of the bacteria are challenges to overcome for their successful use as biosupplements. Here, the plant growth-promoting Gram-negative strain <i>Kosakonia radicincitans</i> DSM 16656<sup>T</sup> (family Enterobacteriaceae) was biotechnologically processed and applied in the field. Solid or liquid formulations of <i>K. radicincitans</i> were diluted in water and sprayed on young maize plants (<i>Zea mays</i> L.). Shelf-life stability tests of formulated bacteria were performed under 4°C and -20°C storage conditions. In parallel, the bacterial formulations were tested at three different farm level field plots characterized by different soil properties. Maize yield was recorded at harvest time, and both formulations increased maize yields in silage as well as grain maize, underlining their positive impact on different agricultural systems. Our results demonstrate that bacteria of the family <i>Enterobacteriaceae,</i> although incapable of forming spores, can be processed to successful biosupplements.
Changes in Light Intensity and Diel Vertical Migration: a Comparison of Marine and Freshwater Environments (1995)

Proximate aspects of diel vertical migration in the freshwater and marine environment are compared using data from the literature. Examples of migrations in both environments are presented, from which it is concluded that relative changes in light intensity before sunrise and after sunset are primary causes of migrations. Experiments have shown that photoreactive behaviour is enhanced in the presence of predators but inhibited by shortage of food. These factors are called secondary causal factors. A hierarchy of causal factors is proposed. In lakes fish exudates suffice but in marine biotopes like bays, it is possible that fish have to be actually present for enhancement to take effect. To what extent the presented stimulus-response mechanism holds for mesopelagic animals in oceans is discussed on the basis of vertical distributions of euphausiids.
A module generator for high speed CMOS current output digital/analog converters (2002)

This paper presents a module generator for Digital/Analog Converter (DAC) circuits. A combination of circuit simulation and DAC design equations is used to estimate performance. A new constrained optimization method is used to determine design variable values. The layout is created using stretching and tiling operations on a set of primitive cells. Close coupling of optimization and layout allows accurate incorporation of layout parasitics in optimization. Prototypes have been demonstrated for an 8-bit, 100-MHz specification, driving a 37.5-ohm video load, and a static 10-bit specification, driving a 4 mA full-scale output current. Both designs use a 5-V supply in a standard 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
Calorie Restriction Modulates Inactivity-Induced Changes in the Inflammatory Markers C-Reactive Protein and Pentraxin-3 (2008)

Calorie restriction prevents the inflammatory response induced by 14 d of bed rest. We suggest an inverse regulation of CRP and PTX3 in response to changes in energy balance.
Measurement of Mercury Bound in the Glass Envelope during Operation of Fluorescent Lamps (1995)

Mercury vapor is essential to the high efficiency conversion of electrical power to light in fluorescent lamps. However, the amount of mercury that must be added to the lamp to achieve a 20,000 h operating life is much larger than the amount of vapor needed for the discharge. This is a result of processes that bind the mercury during lamp operation and make it unavailable as mercury vapor. As part of an effort to determine the amount of mercury that must be added to standard GE F40T12 lamps with halophosphate phosphors we have measured the mercury bound in the soda‐lime glass under the phosphor in the positive column in a series of these lamps. From these measurements we have developed an empirical model which describes the amount of mercury per unit area that is bound in the glass as a function of operating time and the weight of phosphor over the glass.
Behavior of Metal Anchors under Combined Tension and Shear Cycling Loads (2011)

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address
Intra-arterial stenting in the atherosclerotic rabbit. (1988)

The major problem associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is recurrence of the stenotic lesion. Balloon catheter-mounted intracoronary stent devices may reduce restenosis by improving luminal morphology and flow characteristics. This study assessed the effects of a stainless steel wire, interdigitating coil stent on restenosis in the atherosclerotic rabbit model. Fifteen cholesterol-fed rabbits with preexisting iliac arterial lesions induced by balloon deendothelialization were instrumented in one iliac artery with a 2.0-mm diameter stent after balloon dilatation; the contralateral iliac lesion was treated by dilatation only to serve as a control. The animals were given heparin with aspirin (60 mg) and aspirin every 3rd day until death. Arteriography was repeated 4 weeks after stenting, just before death. Tissue sections from stented and control arterial segments were analyzed morphometrically. Stented arteries had a significantly larger luminal diameter at restudy, whether measured by arteriography (1.38 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.35 mm, p less than 0.01) or from tissue sections (1.26 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.30 mm, p = 0.0001). Wall thickness of the stented segment was slightly, but significantly, less than the control segment (436 +/- 143 vs. 532 +/- 221 microns, p less than 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy of five stented atherosclerotic rabbit aortas revealed regeneration of a nonthrombogenic, confluent, flow-directed endothelium by 4 weeks after placement. Intra-arterial stenting may be of benefit in the prevention of restenosis by the preservation of a larger functional lumen and by a decrease in the neointimal hyperplastic response to arterial injury.
Method for determining virus inactivation during sludge treatment processes (1986)

A simple and reliable method is described which allows determination of virus inactivation rates during sludge treatment processes in situ. Bacteriophage f2 was adsorbed onto an electropositive membrane filter which was then sandwiched between two polycarbonate membranes with pores smaller than the virus diameter. The resulting sandwich was fixed in an open filter holder, and several such devices were connected before being exposed in sludge-digesting tanks. The device described prevented uncontrolled virus escape, but allowed direct contact of the various inactivating or stabilizing substances present in the environment tested with the virus adsorbed to the carrier membrane. After exposure to an environment, the surviving fraction of virus was eluted from the inner filter and determined by plaque counting. By using polycarbonate membranes without pores for sandwiching, the influence of temperature alone on virus inactivation could be measured. Thermophilic fermentation at 60 degrees C and at 65 kPa pressure led to a bacteriophage f2 titer reduction of 3.5 log10 units per h, whereas during thermophilic digestion at 54.5 degrees C titers decreased 1.2 log10 units per h. During mesophilic digestion an inactivation rate of only 0.04 log10 units per h was observed. Under these latter conditions, temperature had only a minor effect (19%) on virus inactivation, whereas at 54.5 degrees C during thermophilic digestion heat accounted for 32% of the total inactivation, and during thermophilic fermentation at 60 degrees C temperature and pressure were 100% responsible for virus denaturation.
AN APPRAISAL OF GOVERNMENT POLICY OPTIONS FOR STIMULATING SMALL MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN WESTERN CANADA (1986)

ABSTRACT The main strength of the Western Canadian economy historically has been based on exploitation of its resources, many of which offer less opportunity for the future than they have in the past. The problem facing the region and its residents is how to replace this resource-exploitation activity as depletion occurs. One preferred option is with more secondary manufacturing activity. This paper examines the likely impact of different types of government policy on promoting the success and alleviating the problems of the manufacturing sector across the West. Manitoba has been used as an illustrative case history. Information from standard statistical sources has been used to compare the Manitoba manufacturing sector to the Canadian manufacturing sector and to those of the other western provinces. In addition, the paper discusses some of the results of a detailed survey of firms in two particular manufacturing industries—clothing and transportation equipment. Based on these results, a number of policy prescriptions have been examined which provide either marketing, production, or financial stimulation for manufacturing companies. Their probable impact on the growth of the manufacturing sector within Manitoba and Western Canada has also been assessed.
In vivo production of prostacyclin and thromboxane in patients with acute myocardial infarction. (1986)

The in vivo production of prostacyclin and thromboxane was monitored by measuring their major urinary metabolites 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in ten patients with acute myocardial infarction, five on standard treatment and five receiving prostacyclin infusion. During acute myocardial infarction excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method with deuterated internal standards, was significantly increased. This indicates that thromboxane and prostacyclin synthesis are increased during the development of acute myocardial infarction. The excretion data for 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 showed that after administration of aspirin there was less pronounced and more variable inhibition than expected. Prostacyclin infusion did not markedly affect the excretion of the thromboxane metabolite.
Evolving IIR approximants for FIR digital filters (2002)

This paper describes a new technique for approximating an FIR digital filter by a reduced order IIR filter. The technique yields the globally optimal IIR filter, in the sense of minimizing the output error between the given FIR filter and the IIR approximant to a random white noise input. The model order of the IIR filter can either be specified or it is taken as the one that minimizes the Akaike information criterion. Simulated evolutionary optimization, a multi-agent stochastic search technique is used to optimize the coefficients. The technique permits stipulation of additional constraints on the filter to make it stable, minimum-phase and any other designer specifications. Also being inherently parallel, the technique requires significantly less computation time, compared to algorithms that optimize coefficients serially. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method performs better than classical LMS and system identification based methods like the Stieglitz-McBride method.
The Mitogenic Effects of Endotoxin and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on Mouse Spleen Cells and Human Peripheral Lymphocytes (1970)

Abstract The effects of Salmonella endotoxin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were examined in vitro on mouse and human lymphocyte populations from unsensitized subjects. These substances were found to be extremely stimulatory to mouse spleen cells as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. In regards to size, general morphologic features, and staining properties, the cell cultures appear identical to cultures stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). However, endotoxin failed to stimulate human peripheral lymphocytes while PHA and SEB produced a response over a wide dosage range. Attempts to detect stimulation of human lymphoid cells by endotoxin using various mammalian sera as augmentors were unsuccessful.
Identification of Thromboxane A2 Synthase Active Site Residues by Molecular Modeling-guided Site-directed Mutagenesis (1996)

Human thromboxane A2 synthase (TXAS) exhibits spectral characteristics of cytochrome P450 but lacks monooxygenase activity. Its distinctive amino acid sequence makes TXAS the sole member of family 5 in the P450 superfamily. To better understand the structure-function relationship of this unusual P450, we have recently constructed a three-dimensional model for TXAS using P450BM-3 as the template (Ruan, K.-H., Milfeld, K., Kulmacz, R. J., and Wu, K. K. (1994) Protein Eng. 7, 1345-1551) and have identified a potential active site region. The catalytic roles of several putative active site residues were evaluated using selectively mutated recombinant TXAS expressed in COS-1 cells. Mutation of Ala-408 to Glu or Arg-413 to Gly led to a complete loss of enzyme activity despite expression of mutant protein levels equivalent to that of the wild-type TXAS. Mutation of Ala-408 to Gly or Leu retained the enzyme activity at levels of 30 or 40%, respectively. This suggests that Ala-408 provides a hydrophobic environment for substrate binding. Mutation of Arg-413 to Lys or Gln completely abolished the enzyme activity, indicating that this residue is essential to catalytic activity and supports its identification as an active site residue. Mutation of Arg-410 to Gly or Glu-433 to Ala resulted in >50% reduction in the enzyme activity without appreciably altering mutant protein expression, consistent with a more subtle effect of these residues on TXAS catalytic efficiency. Mutation of residues predicted to be involved in binding the heme prosthetic group, including the heme thiolate ligand Cys-480, Arg-478, Phe-127, and Asn-110, each markedly reduced the expressed protein level and abolished enzyme activity. This suggests that proper heme binding is important to synthesis or stability of recombinant TXAS. Mutation of Ile-346, which corresponds to P450cam-Thr-252, an essential amino acid involved in dioxygen bond scission, to Thr increased the enzymatic activity by 40%, suggesting that oxygen bond cleavage is not a rate-limiting step in thromboxane A2 biosynthesis. The present results from site-directed mutagenesis support the overall structure of the TXAS active site predicted by homology modeling and have allowed refinement of the position of bound substrate.
1.2V Energy-Efficient Wireless CMOS Potentiostat for Amperometric Measurements (2020)

Wireless biosensors are playing a pivotal role in health monitoring, disease detection and management. The development of wireless biosensor nodes and networks strongly relies on the design of novel low-power, low-cost and flexible CMOS sensor readouts. This paper presents a CMOS potentiostat that integrates a control amplifier, a dual-slope ADC and a wireless unit on the same chip. It implements a novel time-based readout scheme, whereby the counter of the dual-slope ADC is moved to the receiver and the sensor current is encoded in the timing between two wireless pulses transmitted via pulse-harmonic modulation across an inductive link. Measured results show that the potentiostat chip can resolve a minimum input current of 10 pA at a sampling frequency of 125 Hz and a power consumption of 12 uW.
A fast power loss calculation method for long real time thermal simulation of IGBT modules for a three-phase inverter system: Research Articles (2006)

A fast power losses calculation method for long real time thermal simulation of IGBT module for a three-phase inverter system is presented in this paper. The speed-up is obtained by simplifying the representation of the three-phase inverter at the system modelling stage. This allows the inverter system to be simulated predicting the effective voltages and currents whilst using large time-step. An average power losses is calculated during each clock period, using a pre-defined look-up table, which stores the switching and on-state losses generated by either direct measurement or automatically based upon compact models for the semiconductor devices. This simulation methodology brings together accurate models of the electrical systems performance, state of the art-device compact models and a realistic simulation of the thermal performance in a usable period of CPU time and is suitable for a long real time thermal simulation of inverter power devices with arbitrary load. Thermal simulation results show that with the same IGBT characteristics applied, the proposed model can give the almost same thermal performance compared to the full physically based device modelling approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Federated identity in real-life applications (2015)

This paper describes scenarios and services based on Federated Identity technology. The authors emphasize the Single Sign On mechanism, in which a user's single authentication credential is used to log in once without being prompted to authenticate again to other systems. The overview of Federated Identity and a Federated Identity Management System is presented first. Next, federation approaches used in different fields of human activity are discussed. A few examples of such domains are presented: E-health, E-government, E-learning, and E-business. Also, two different use cases were proposed: a federated approach for tourism which provide a better service for customers, and in the health care sector, which improves medical service quality and reduces treatment costs. The last section describes the prototype which was implemented and tested in network environment.
Fractal analysis of retinal vessels suggests that a distinct vasculopathy causes lacunar stroke (2010)

Lacunar stroke subtype and increasing age are associated with decreased fractal dimensions, suggesting a loss of branching complexity. Further studies should concentrate on longitudinal associations with other manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease.
The Role of Cortical Shell and Trabecular Fabric in Finite Element Analysis of the Human Vertebral Body (2009)

Classical finite element (FE) models can estimate vertebral stiffness and strength with much lower computational costs than muFE analyses, but the accuracy of these models rely on calibrated material properties that are not necessarily consistent with experimental results. In general, trabecular bone material properties are scaled with computer tomography (CT) density alone, without accounting for local variations in anisotropy or micro-architecture. Moreover, the cortex is often omitted or assigned with a constant thickness. In this work, voxel FE models, as well as surface-based homogenized FE models with topologically-conformed geometry and assigned with experimentally validated properties for bone, were developed from a series of 12 specimens tested up to failure. The effects of changing from a digital mesh to a smooth mesh, including a cortex of variable thickness and/or including heterogeneous trabecular fabric, were investigated. In each case, FE predictions of vertebral stiffness and strength were compared with the experimental gold-standard, and changes in elastic strain energy density and damage distributions were reported. The results showed that a smooth mesh effectively removed zones of artificial damage locations occurring in the ragged edges of the digital mesh. Adding an explicit cortex stiffened and strengthened the models, unloading the trabecular centrum while increasing the correlations to experimental stiffness and strength. Further addition of heterogeneous fabric improved the correlations to stiffness (R(2)=0.72) and strength (R(2)=0.89) and moved the damage locations closer to the vertebral endplates, following the local trabecular orientations. It was furthermore demonstrated that predictions of vertebral stiffness and strength of homogenized FE models with topologically-conformed cortical shell and heterogeneous trabecular fabric correlated well with experimental measurements, after assigning purely experimental data for bone without further calibration of material laws at the macroscale of bone. This study successfully demonstrated the limitations of current classical FE methods and provided valuable insights into the damage mechanisms of vertebral bodies.
Evoked Potentials from the Auditory Nerve Following Sinusoidal Electrical Stimulation of the Cochlea: New Possibilities for Preoperative Testing in Cochlear-Implant Candidates? (1994)

To predict the possible benefit of a cochlear implant to a patient, the clinician requires a reliable objective method to monitor the presence of surviving fibres in the 8th nerve. The subjective promontory test and the evaluation of electrically evoked brainstem potentials are not adequate. An electrical stimulus artefact interferes badly with the potential recorded, but with electrical sinusoidal stimulation this stimulus artefact can be suppressed. The highly synchronous excitation of the auditory nerve fibres results in compound action potentials that can be recorded from the round window. The present animal experiments show that the method proposed is effective. Clinical tests are suggested.
Outage-Optimal Cooperative Communications with Regenerative Relays (2006)

In this paper, we put forth simple opportunistic relaying with decode-and-forward (DaF) or regenerative processing strategy, under an aggregate power constraint. In particular, we consider distributed relay-selection algorithms requiring only local channel knowledge. We prove that opportunistic single relay selection with DaF strategy is outage-optimal, that is, it is equivalent in outage behavior to the optimal DaF strategy that employs all potential relays.
Neural network filters for speech enhancement (1995)

In adaptive noise cancelling, linear digital filters have been used to minimize the mean squared difference between filter outputs and the desired signal. However, for non-Gaussian probability density functions of the involved signals, nonlinear filters can further reduce the mean squared difference, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio at the system output. This is illustrated with a two-microphone beamformer for cancelling directional interference. In the case of a single uniformly distributed interference, we establish the optimum nonlinear performance limit. To approximate optimum performance, we realize two nonlinear filter architectures, the Volterra filter and the multilayer perceptron. The Volterra filter is also examined for speech interference. The beamformer is adapted to minimize the mean squared difference, but performance is measured with the intelligibility weighted gain. This criterion requires the signal-to-noise ratio at the beamformer output. For the nonlinear processor, this can only be determined when no target components exist in the reference channel of the noise canceller so that the target is transmitted without distortion. Under these ideal conditions and at equal filter lengths, the quadratic Volterra filter improves the intelligibility-weighted gain by maximally 2 dB relative to the linear filter.