gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive Failure Analysis Methodology for Laminated Composite Structures (1999)

A progressive failure analysis method has been developed for predicting the failure of laminated composite structures under geometrically nonlinear deformations. The progressive failure analysis uses C1 shell elements based on classical lamination theory to calculate the in-plane stresses. Several failure criteria, including the maximum strain criterion, Hashin''s criterion, and Christensen''s criterion, are used to predict the failure mechanisms and several options are available to degrade the material properties after failures. The progressive failure analysis method is implemented in the COMET finite element analysis code and can predict the damage and response of laminated composite structures from initial loading to final failure. The different failure criteria and material degradation methods are compared and assessed by performing analyses of several laminated composite structures. Results from the progressive failure method indicate good correlation with the existing test data except in structural applications where interlaminar stresses are important which may cause failure mechanisms such as debonding or delaminations.
Cholecystokinin prevents parenteral nutrition induced biliary sludge in humans. (1990)

Long term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces biliary sludge and formation of gallstones. Cholecystectomy is hazardous in these patients because of the underlying medical problems. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind controlled study was designed to test the hypothesis that daily administration of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) prevents the formation of biliary sludge in humans receiving long term TPN. Adult patients receiving TPN for more than 21 consecutive days were studied. After randomization of 15 patients, the study was concluded because statistical significance was achieved. Eight patients received saline solution (placebo) intravenously and seven received CCK-OP (50 nanograms per kilogram) intravenously over a ten minute period daily. The groups were similar with respect to age, sex, diagnosis, liver function tests, amylase levels, total TPN time and time of study. All of the patients underwent weekly ultrasound studies. Volume and emptying studies of the gallbladder in response to the study drug were performed after one week. None of the patients receiving CCK-OP had sludge whereas five of eight of the patients receiving placebo had sludge (p less than 0.02). The results of emptying studies showed significant contraction of the gallbladder in those in the CCK-OP group but not in the placebo group. These data suggest that CCK-OP given intravenously daily prevents TPN induced stasis and sludge of the gallbladder. We conclude that CCK-OP should be used as routine prophylaxis against biliary sludge and formation of gallstones in patients receiving long term TPN.
Functional Heterogeneity of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts from Human Colon Tumors Shows Specific Prognostic Gene Expression Signature (2013)

In summary, these studies show for the first time the heterogeneity of primary CAFs' effect on colon cancer cell migration. A CAF gene expression signature able to classify patients with colon cancer into high- and low-risk groups was identified.
The Development and Regression of Deciduosarcomas and Other Lesions Caused by Estrogens and Progestins in Rabbits (2001)

A series of experiments were conducted to study the histopathological effects of a combination of exogenous estrogens and progestins in mature rabbits. Estradiol (14-45 microg/day) and levonorgestrel (30-233 microg/day) were administered by intravaginal or subdermal Silastic devices for various time intervals to study the development of lesions with time and to determine if lesions regressed following withdrawal of the steroids. The origin of splenic decidual tumors (primary or metastasis from the uterus) was determined by administering the same steroid combination to castrated male rabbits. It was determined that uterine decidualization is present after 7 days of steroid treatment and that neoplasms of decidual cells may appear in the uterus after only 30 days of steroid administration. Decidual changes were observed frequently in uterine arteries, often concurrent with infarct-like areas of necrosis of the uterine wall. Withdrawal of contraceptive steroids for 14-120 days after 60 days' administration resulted in atrophy and disappearance of decidual cells and decidual tumors. Decidual neoplasms developed in the spleen of all castrated male rabbits given subdermal steroids, demonstrating that these tumors can arise as primary neoplasms of the spleen. The foregoing lesions appear to be peculiar to the rabbit and, together with previous data, suggest the rabbit to be a poor model for evaluating the effects of contraceptive steroids in other species.
A routing and placement scheme for network function virtualization (2017)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are two paradigms that have attracted much attention in the networking field. The first permits the implementation of Network Functions (NFs) on commodity servers located in datacenters. The second facilitates the management and routing of network flows by controllers. While recent work has mostly explored the use of NFV and SDN with the goal of minimizing the resources to satisfy a set of requested NFs, the application of these two paradigms has not been studied in scenarios where resources are limited. Those scenarios are typical when parts of the network or datacenters fail. Hence, this paper presents an optimization scheme based on integer linear programming (ILP) for the joint routing and placement of virtual NFs problem. Given a set of requests, each consisting of NFs and end points of the traffic flow, the objective of the scheme is the maximization of the number of NFs satisfied. At the same, the scheme minimizes both the routing and infrastructure costs to satisfy the requests. While numerical results demonstrate that the proposed ILP can be used in small/medium-sized networks, the paper also presents a low-complexity greedy heuristic approach for large networks.
Highly sensitive and adaptable fluorescence-quenched pair discloses the substrate specificity profiles in diverse protease families (2017)

Internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) peptide substrates originating from FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) are powerful tool for examining the activity and specificity of proteases, and a variety of donor/acceptor pairs are extensively used to design individual substrates and combinatorial libraries. We developed a highly sensitive and adaptable donor/acceptor pair that can be used to investigate the substrate specificity of cysteine proteases, serine proteases and metalloproteinases. This novel pair comprises 7-amino-4-carbamoylmethylcoumarin (ACC) as the fluorophore and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-lysine (Lys(DNP)) as the quencher. Using caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, neutrophil elastase, legumain, and two matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), we demonstrated that substrates containing ACC/Lys(DNP) exhibit 7 to 10 times higher sensitivity than conventional 7-methoxy-coumarin-4-yl acetic acid (MCA)/Lys(DNP) substrates; thus, substantially lower amounts of substrate and enzyme can be used for each assay. We therefore propose that the ACC/Lys(DNP) pair can be considered a novel and sensitive scaffold for designing substrates for any group of endopeptidases. We further demonstrate that IQF substrates containing unnatural amino acids can be used to investigate protease activities/specificities for peptides containing post-translationally modified amino acids. Finally, we used IQF substrates to re-investigate the P1-Asp characteristic of caspases, thus demonstrating that some human caspases can also hydrolyze substrates after glutamic acid.
Anion-catalyzed Phase-transfer Catalysis. II. Effects of Anionic Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate Catalyst in Phase-transfer-catalyzed Sulfonium Ylide Formation (1985)

Abstract Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB) ion as an anionic phase-transfer catalyst promoted the formation of oxirane from various carbonyl substrates and trimethylsulfonium chloride in a two-phase mixture of dichloromethane and concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Relationship between time to target temperature and outcome in patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest (2011)

In comatose cardiac arrest patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia after return of spontaneous circulation, a faster decline in body temperature to the 34°C target appears to predict an unfavorable neurologic outcome.
Electrode design of multilayered piezoelectric transducers for longitudinal-bending ultrasonic actuators (2011)

To improve the controllability of ultrasonic linear motors in the longitudinal-bending mode, we have developed a multilayered transducer with independent electrode sets for the first longitudinal mode and the second bending mode. Since the vibration components are controlled independently by the transducer, it is possible to change only the driving vibration component with the component for friction control kept constant. The optimal shape and area of the electrodes in terms of efficiency were investigated analytically and experimentally. It was confirmed that an electrode shape in accordance with the mode strain contour gave a large output and that an optimum electrode area existed. The transducer with an optimal electrode pattern exhibited an efficiency improvement of approximately 10% and a 30% reduction of the temperature rise during motor operation.
Answers to Some Questions About Faith Development (1986)

(1986). Answers to Some Questions About Faith Development. British Journal of Religious Education: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 79-83.
Integrating Biometric Cryptosystem with steganography for authentication (2016)

The security of digital information over the internet has gained prominence over the years due to the flourishing e-commerce. The traditional ways of personal identification like knowledge-based methods (i.e. passwords, ID cards) and token based methods no longer suffice the need of secure transmission of critical data online. To overcome this shortcoming, Biometrics can be used instead of passwords or pins. Although, Biometric Authentication adds up to the online security aspect but it can be vulnerable to various attacks over the open networks. Hence, Biometric Cryptosystems are proposed to improve the security of biometric authentication systems and to create revocable representations of individuals. On the other hand, Steganography techniques play a vital role in hiding encrypted biometric data behind random carrier. The proposed system is worked on a readymade database of ten fingerprint samples and focusses on providing enhanced security to the biometric fingerprint data in two levels (i.e. Biometric Cryptosystem followed by Steganography) before it is transmitted online to the Authenticator. At the Authenticator side, the identification process is carried out using Hamming distance or Euclidean distance. Furthermore, this system gives an effective TAR of almost 99% with time complexity of RC4 key generation algorithm as low as 18 msec.
Protective Effects of Various Methanol Extracts of Crude Drugs on Experimental Hepatic Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats (1990)

The protective effects of 67 methanol extracts of crude drugs on rat hepatic injury by carbon tetrachloride (CC14) were examined. In terms of the release of intrahepatic enzymes and bilirubin into the blood, 11 methanol extracts decreased these factors significantly. Among them methanol extracts of Caryophylli Flos, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Myricae Cortex and Forsythiae Fructus were newly found to have protective effects against acute hepatic injury induced by CCl4. And then these 11 extracts which protected hepatic injury by CCl4 were investigated for their membrane stabilizing and inhibitory effects of lipid peroxidation. The extract of Bupleuri Radix only decreased the hemolysis induced by hypotonic pressure. Nine kinds of extracts without those of Desmodii Herba and Bupleuri Radix suppressed the lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4 in rat hepatic microsomes. In addition, Scutellariae Radix, Caryophylli Flos and Myricae Cortex were shown to have inhibitory effects of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in rat hepatic mitochondria. This study reports that the methanol extracts of Caryophylli Flos, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Myricae Cortex and Forsythiae Fructus protect the hepatic injury by CC14 and these protective effects are connected with the inhibitory effects of the lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomes.
Relative contributions of temporal and place pitch cues to fundamental frequency discrimination in cochlear implantees (2004)

The effect of the filter bank on fundamental frequency (F0) discrimination was examined in four Nucleus CI24 cochlear implant subjects for synthetic stylized vowel-like stimuli. The four tested filter banks differed in cutoff frequencies, amount of overlap between filters, and shape of the filters. To assess the effects of temporal pitch cues on F0 discrimination, temporal fluctuations were removed above 10 Hz in one condition and above 200 Hz in another. Results indicate that F0 discrimination based upon place pitch cues is possible, but just-noticeable differences exceed 1 octave or more depending on the filter bank used. Increasing the frequency resolution in the F0 range improves the F0 discrimination based upon place pitch cues. The results of F0 discrimination based upon place pitch agree with a model that compares the centroids of the electrical excitation pattern. The addition of temporal fluctuations up to 200 Hz significantly improves F0 discrimination. Just-noticeable differences using both place and temporal pitch cues range from 6% to 60%. Filter banks that do not resolve the higher harmonics provided the best temporal pitch cues, because temporal pitch cues are clearest when the fluctuation on all channels is at F0 and preferably in phase.
FT Protein Movement Contributes to Long-Distance Signaling in Floral Induction of <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2007)

In plants, seasonal changes in day length are perceived in leaves, which initiate long-distance signaling that induces flowering at the shoot apex. The identity of the long-distance signal has yet to be determined. In Arabidopsis, activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) transcription in leaf vascular tissue (phloem) induces flowering. We found that FT messenger RNA is required only transiently in the leaf. In addition, FT fusion proteins expressed specifically in phloem cells move to the apex and move long distances between grafted plants. Finally, we provide evidence that FT does not activate an intermediate messenger in leaves. We conclude that FT protein acts as a long-distance signal that induces Arabidopsis flowering.
On hashing into elliptic curves (2009)

Abstract We study the hash function from a finite field 𝔽 q into an elliptic curve over 𝔽 q which has recently been introduced by T. Icart. In particular we slightly adjust and prove the asymptotic formula conjectured by T. Icart for the image size of this function.
Titin-Based Modulation of Calcium Sensitivity of Active Tension in Mouse Skinned Cardiac Myocytes (2001)

We studied the effect of titin-based passive force on the length dependence of activation of cardiac myocytes to explore whether titin may play a role in the generation of systolic force. Force-pCa relations were measured at sarcomere lengths (SLs) of 2.0 and 2.3 microm. Passive tension at 2.3 microm SL was varied from approximately 1 to approximately 10 mN/mm(2) by adjusting the characteristics of the stretch imposed on the passive cell before activation. Relative to 2.0 microm SL, the force-pCa curve at 2.3 microm SL and low passive tension showed a leftward shift (pCa(50) [change in pCa at half-maximal activation]) of 0.09+/-0.02 pCa units while at 2.3 microm SL and high passive tension the shift was increased to 0.25+/-0.03 pCa units. Passive tension also increased pCa(50) at reduced interfilament lattice spacing achieved with dextran. We tested whether titin-based passive tension influences the interfilament lattice spacing by measuring the width of the myocyte and by using small-angle x-ray diffraction of mouse left ventricular wall muscle. Cell width and interfilament lattice spacing varied inversely with passive tension, in the presence and absence of dextran. The passive tension effect on length-dependent activation may therefore result from a radial titin-based force that modulates the interfilament lattice spacing.
An Easily Controlled Network for Frequently Used Permutations (1981)

A π network, which is a concatenation of 2 Ω networks [2], along with a simple control algorithm is proposed. This network is capable of performing all Ω network realizable permutations and the bit-permute-complement (BPC) class of permutations[5] in 0(log N) time. The control algorithm is actually a multiple-pass control algorithm on the Ω network, which is more general than Pease's LU decomposition method [6] and Lenfant's decomposition method[4].
Analysis of Shielding Effectiveness in the Electric Field and Magnetic Field and Plane Wave for Infinite Sheet Metals (2016)

Electromagnetic interference shielding means to use a shield (a shaped conducting material) to partially or completely envelop an electronic circuit. In the Aerospace industry, electromagnetic shielding plays an intricate part in the design process of any space vehicle. Electromagnetic fields from various devices may have tremendous effect on each other if proper shielding protection is not appropriately implemented. As industry standard, electromagnetic shielding is called shielding effectiveness. From Maxwell’s equations electromagnetic theory, the objectives of the shielding effectiveness calculations were to determine whether or not the selected tapes would conform to the 40 dB shielding effectiveness requirement as indicated in EMC specifications for electric field, magnetic field and planewaves from the system generated electromagnetic pulse, By using mathwork’s MATLAB the absorption loss, reflection loss, re-reflection correction factor, and the shielding effectiveness were computed for three different types of sheet metals.
Face adaptation does not improve perceptual salience (2010)

Purpose: Adaptation to female faces makes a face that was previously seen as gender-neutral appear male (Webster et al., 2004). This face adaptation technique has been widely used as a tool for examining selectivity for properties such as identity and expression. Here, we asked what might be the perceptual benefit of selective face adaptation by examining whether adaptation affects the relative salience of faces. Methods: Subjects were pre-adapted for 3 minutes to a series of faces (1 face/sec). Adaptor faces belonged to 3 of 4 categories, for example: male Asian, female Caucasian, and male Caucasian. On each trial subjects were asked to detect target faces in either a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) or visual search (VS) task. Each subject was tested on two target categories: an unadapted category (female Asian in this example), and a fully adapted category (male Caucasian). Each trial was followed by a 12 sec top-up adaptation period. Each target category was tested in a separate session, and in each session we measured performance both before and after adaptation. All combinations of adaptors and targets were tested for each subject. In the 2IFC RSVP task, subjects were asked to indicate which interval contained a face belonging to the target category. Masks consisted of faces belonging to the remaining three categories. Percent correct was measured as a function of presentation rate. In the VS task, 4 faces appeared simultaneously: the target and faces from the remaining three categories. Subjects reported the spatial location of the target. Response time and accuracy was recorded. Results: We found no evidence that adaptation affects saliency. We saw no effects of adaptation between fully adapted and the non-adapted targets, in either task, both within and across subjects.
Arrestin2/Clathrin Interaction Is Regulated by Key N- and C-Terminal Regions in Arrestin2 (2009)

The interaction of nonvisual arrestins with clathrin is an important step in mediating the endocytosis of cell surface receptors. Previous studies have shown that mutation of the clathrin-binding box in arrestin leads to severe defects in arrestin-mediated trafficking. However, little is known about how arrestin/clathrin interaction is regulated. Here we show that both the N- and C-terminal regions of arrestin2 function to inhibit basal interaction with clathrin. Truncation analysis revealed that clathrin binding increases as the C-tail of arrestin2 is shortened while site-directed mutagenesis identified Glu-404, Glu-405, and Glu-406 as being primarily responsible for this inhibition. Mutagenesis also identified Lys-4, Arg-7, Lys-10, and Lys-11 within the N-terminus as playing a key role in regulating clathrin binding. Based on similarities with visual arrestin, Lys-10 and Lys-11 likely function as phospho sensors in arrestin2 to initially discriminate the phosphorylation status of target receptors. Analysis of the arrestin2 structure reveals that Arg-7, Lys-10, and Lys-11 are in close proximity to Glu-389 and Asp-390, suggesting that these residues may form intramolecular interactions. In fact, simultaneous mutation of Glu-389 and Asp-390 also leads to enhanced clathrin binding. These results reveal that multiple intramolecular interactions coordinately regulate arrestin2 interaction with clathrin, highlighting this interaction as a critical step in regulating receptor trafficking.
Nitration of 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene (2002)

1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene has been nitrated with N 2 O 5 in organic solvents to give modest yields of the desired 1,3,5-trimethoxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene but side reactions involving oxidation and coupling appear to limit the usefulness of this method.
Genetic and biochemical characterization of periplasmic-leaky mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 (1981)

Periplasmic-leaky mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated after nitrosoguanidine-induced mutagenesis. They released periplasmic enzymes into the extracellular medium. Excretion of alkaline phosphatase, which started immediately in the early exponential phase of growth, could reach up to 90% of the total enzyme production in the stationary phase. Leaky mutants were sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, cholic acid, and the antibiotics rifampin, chloramphenicol, mitomycin C, and ampicillin. Furthermore, they were resistant to colicin E1 and partially resistant to phage TuLa. Their genetic characterization showed that the lky mutations mapped between the suc and gal markers, near or in the tolPAB locus. A biochemical analysis of cell envelope components showed that periplasmic-leaky mutants contained reduced amounts of major outer membrane protein OmpF and increased amounts of a 16,000-dalton outer membrane protein.
The Norcaradiene Problem (1967)

Abstract Compounds having the norcaradiene structure are stable if one of the double bonds of the norcaradiene also belongs to a benzene ring or if C atoms 1 and 6 are fixed in position by a bridge. A similar effect that favors the norcaradiene form is produced by the incorporation of nitrogen atoms in positions 3 and 4. Cycloheptatriene and most of the simply substituted tropilidenes exist exclusively in the monocyclic triene form. It has been possible in some cases to detect a valence‐tautomeric equilibrium between the norcaradiene and the cycloheptatriene ring system. Non‐classical stabilization of compounds having norcaradiene or cycloheptatriene structure in the sence of a pseudoaromatic “homobenzene” is only very slight, if it occurs at all.