gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Load Torque Observer for Cutting Motor of Roadheader Based on PLL (2011)

When the road header is working, because of different characteristics of coal and rock, in order to protect the cutting head, the speed of cutting head should be adjusted according to the load torque. In this paper, a method based on PLL for observing the load torque of cutting motor was proposed, and its simulation and experimental were studied. The method is simpler and more accurate compared to traditional method that calculates the load torque just base on the amplitude of cutting motor current.
Sequential deformation of plains along Tessera boundaries on Venus: Evidence from Alpha Regio (1992)

Tesserae are regions of elevated terrain characterized by two or more sets of ridges and grooves that intersect orthogonally. Tesserae comprise 15-20 percent of the surface of Venus, but the nature of their formation and evolution is not well understood; processes proposed to account for their characteristics are many and varied. Two types of tessera boundaries have been described: type 1 are generally embayed by plains; and type 2 boundaries are characterized by being linear at the 100-km scale and often associated with steep scarps or tectonic features. Margins such as the western edge of Alpha have been described as type 2. Some of the tessera have boundaries that display deformation of both the edge of the tessera and the adjoining plains. This study focuses on the western edge of Alpha Regio in an effort to characterize on occurrence of this type of boundary and assess the implications of the style in general. Using Magellan SAR imagery, lineament lengths, orientations, and spacing were measured for ten 50 x 60 km areas spanning 500 km of the western boundary. Structural characteristics and orientations were compared to stratigraphic units in order to assess the sequence and style of deformation.
LXXIX.—Iminoethers corresponding with ortho-substituted benzenoid amides (1903)

G. D. Lander and F. T. Jewson, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1903, 83, 766 DOI: 10.1039/CT9038300766
Seeing the Unseen of the Combination of Two Natural Resins, Frankincense and Myrrh: Changes in Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities (2019)

For the treatment of diseases, especially chronic diseases, traditional natural drugs have more effective therapeutic advantages because of their multi-target and multi-channel characteristics. Among many traditional natural medicines, resins frankincense and myrrh have been proven to be effective in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. In the West, frankincense and myrrh have been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies since ancient times; in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, they are used mainly for the treatment of chronic diseases. The main chemical constituents of frankincense and myrrh are terpenoids and essential oils. Their common pharmacological effects are anti-inflammatory and anticancer. More interestingly, in traditional Chinese medicine, frankincense and myrrh have been combined as drug pairs in the same prescription for thousands of years, and their combination has a better therapeutic effect on diseases than a single drug. After the combination of frankincense and myrrh forms a blend, a series of changes take place in their chemical composition, such as the increase or decrease of the main active ingredients, the disappearance of native chemical components, and the emergence of new chemical components. At the same time, the pharmacological effects of the combination seem magically powerful, such as synergistic anti-inflammation, synergistic anticancer, synergistic analgesic, synergistic antibacterial, synergistic blood-activation, and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of these two natural resins, along with chemical and pharmacological studies on the combination of the two.
Insulin Resistance Is Accompanied by Increased Fasting Glucagon and Delayed Glucagon Suppression in Individuals With Normal and Impaired Glucose Regulation (2016)

Hyperinsulinemia is an adaptive mechanism that enables the maintenance of normoglycemia in the presence of insulin resistance. We assessed whether glucagon is also involved in the adaptation to insulin resistance. A total of 1,437 individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with measurements of circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations at 0, 30 and 120 min. Early glucagon suppression was defined as suppression in the period from 0 to 30 min, and late glucagon suppression as 30 to 120 min after glucose intake. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the validated insulin sensitivity index. Individuals with screen-detected diabetes had 30% higher fasting glucagon levels and diminished early glucagon suppression, but greater late glucagon suppression when compared with individuals with normal glucose tolerance (P ≤ 0.014). Higher insulin resistance was associated with higher fasting glucagon levels, less early glucagon suppression, and greater late glucagon suppression (P < 0.001). The relationship between insulin sensitivity and fasting glucagon concentrations was nonlinear (P < 0.001). In conclusion, increased fasting glucagon levels and delayed glucagon suppression, together with increased circulating insulin levels, develop in parallel with insulin resistance. Therefore, glucose maintenance during insulin resistance may depend not only on hyperinsulinemia but also on the ability to suppress glucagon early after glucose intake.
Synthesis and characterization of the gadolinium(3+) complex of DOTA-propylamide: a model DOTA-protein conjugate (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis and characterization of the gadolinium(3+) complex of DOTA-propylamide: a model DOTA-protein conjugateA. Dean Sherry, Rodney D. Brown, Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes, Seymour H. Koenig, Kah-Tiong Kuan, and Marga SpillerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 3, 620–622Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00302a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00302a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views788Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An inter-individual study in adolescents (1996)

SUMMARYThe aim of this clinical and histological study was to compare the effects of two controlled, continuous forces of 50 cN (˜50g) and 100 cN (˜100g) on tooth movement and root resorptions. The patients, consisting of 32 individuals, 14 boys and 18 girls (meanage 13.1 years), were divided into four groups of eight individuals. The experimental periods were 4 and 7 weeks. In this investigation, designed as an inter-individual study. only the maxillary first premolar on the right side was utilized. The test tooth was buccally moved by means of a fixed orthodontic appliance. A continuous, weekly controlled force of 50 cN was applied to 16 premolars and a force of 100 cN to the remaining 16 test teeth. The force declined on average 22 per cent during the first week when 50 cN was applied to 16 premolars and a force of 100 cN to the remaining 16 test teeth. The force declined on average 22 per cent during the first week when 50 cN was applied and 27 per cent when 100 cN was applied. Tooth movements were studied on dental casts using a coordinate measuring machine. After 4 and 7 weeks, the tooth movements ranged between 0.5 and 3.4 mm (4 weeks) and 2.7 and 7.1 mm (7 weeks) for 50 cN and between 1.0 and 2.9 mm (4 weeks) and 2.2 and 8.3 mm (7 weeks) for 100 cN, with no significant difference when the force magnitude was doubled. Root resorptions were registered in histological sections in all experimental teeth, more frequently after application of 50 cN compared with 100 cN after 7 weeks. However, the severity of root resorption (extension and depth of resorbed root contour and size of root area on histological sections) did not differ significantly when the applied force was doubled to 100 cN. Great individual variations were noted regarding both the magnitude of tooth movement and amount of root resorption
The study of tribological properties of laser‐textured surface of 2024 aluminium alloy under boundary lubrication (2012)

ABSTRACT The tribological property of aluminium alloy is critical for its reliable operation in practical applications. In this paper, the tribological performance of laser‐textured 2024 aluminium alloy is studied in unidirectional sliding tests under boundary lubrication. The dimples were produced on the aluminium alloy surface by using a pulse Nd : YAG laser. The topographical microstructures of these laser‐induced textures were characterised by optical and scanning electron microscopy. In comparison with untextured surfaces, a significant improvement in friction behaviour was observed for the textured surfaces. The influences of dimples density on the tribological properties were investigated. Two types of oil with different viscosities were evaluated as lubricants. It was found that the beneficial effects of laser surface texturing are more pronounced at higher speed and load with higher viscosity oil. The optimum dimples density of 8.5% was found to have a lower friction coefficient. On basis of the experimental results, the mechanism of friction reduction and anti‐wear is proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational asthma: a review. (2000)

Occupational asthma is the most common form of occupational lung disease in the developed world at the present time. In this review, the epidemiology, pathogenesis/mechanisms, clinical presentations, management, and prevention of occupational asthma are discussed. The population attributable risk of asthma due to occupational exposures is considerable. Current understanding of the mechanisms by which many agents cause occupational asthma is limited, especially for low-molecular-weight sensitizers and irritants. The diagnosis of occupational asthma is generally established on the basis of a suggestive history of a temporal association between exposure and the onset of symptoms and objective evidence that these symptoms are related to airflow limitation. Early diagnosis, elimination of exposure to the responsible agent, and early use of inhaled steroids may play important roles in the prevention of long-term persistence of asthma. Persistent occupational asthma is often associated with substantial disability and consequent impacts on income and quality of life. Prevention of new cases is the best approach to reducing the burden of asthma attributable to occupational exposures. Future research needs are identified.
Combining inhibitor tolerance and D-xylose fermentation in industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient lignocellulose-based bioethanol production (2013)

We have successfully constructed three superior industrial S. cerevisiae strains that combine efficient D-xylose utilization with high inhibitor tolerance. Since the background strain Ethanol Red has a proven record of successful industrial application, the three new superior strains have strong potential for direct application in industrial bioethanol production.
Viral latency and potential eradication of HIV-1 (2012)

Although HAART can suppress plasma viral loads to undetectable levels, individuals infected with HIV-1 harbor latent reservoirs of integrated proviruses that re-emerge upon the cessation of drug treatment. The 2012 Keystone Symposium on Frontiers in HIV Pathogenesis, Therapy and Eradication highlighted the current understanding of latent infection and new methods to activate and target these reservoirs for eradication. This report focuses on a select few aspects of the discussion, including the extent that ongoing replication might contribute to the persistent viral reservoir, recent advances in activating the expression of latent proviruses, progress in developing effective animal models and potential avenues to eradicate the cells that constitute the latent reservoir.
Radix<i>Puerariae</i>: An overview of Its Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Use (2013)

Radix Puerariae has been traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhea, acute dysentery, deafness and cardiovascular diseases. Yege (Gegen or Radix Puerariae lobatae), the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi, has been widely used in China and, to a lesser extent, in Japan, Korea, and the United States. Although they have been classified into different categories in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Yege is often used interchangeably in practice with Fenge (Radix Puerariae thomsonii), which is the dried root of Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Among various commercially available products of Radix Puerariae, injection of puerarin, the major isoflavone from Radix Puerariae, has been most widely used as a vasodilator for the treatment of angina and myocardial infarction. Considering the extensive clinical usage and recent alert of fatal herb-drug interaction of Radix Puerariae, the current review is proposed to cover its traditional applications, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and potential herb-drug interactions aiming to fill in the information gaps of this herb for frontline practitioners. Although various small, poorly designed clinical trials have demonstrated the safety, efficacy, and significant clinical benefits of Radix Puerariae, prospective randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to further establish its effective and safe use.
Radium‐226 and radon‐222 in southern California groundwaters: Spatial variations and correlations (1981)

As part of the radon and helium monitoring program for earthquake prediction studies in Southern California, concentrations of radium‐226 in groundwaters have been measured along the major fault zones including the Palmdale area. Radium was measured in order to obtain information on its spatial variation as well as baseline levels. Several measurements were made at selected sites to examine their temporal variations. Radium concentrations are used to define the portion of radium supported radon in the observed groundwater radon. Radium levels vary spatially by 4 orders of magnitude (0.015 to 146 dpm/kg), but temporally by a factor of 2 or less. Similar spatial and temporal variations are observed in groundwater radon (60 to 46,700 dpm/kg). The radon/radium activity ratio ranges from 10 to 10 5 . These values indicate that radon is in large excess over radium in groundwaters because of radon diffusion from the ambient rocks. The spatial variations of radon, radium and the activity ratio are probably due to different chemical and physical properties of the rocks through which groundwaters flow. The dependence of groundwater radium concentrations on the water temperature and conductivity is explored. It appears that radium increases in general with conductivity but not necessarily with temperature. Radium is probably leached more readily into the groundwater when the water is more conductive with more dissolved chemical constituents.
Effects of Elastase, Collagenase, and Papain on Structure and Function of Rat Lungs In Vitro (1972)

Present concepts of the roles of collagen and elastin in lung elastic behavior and maintenance of lung structure have been largely inferred from anatomical observations or from studies of isolated fibers in vitro. Based on the intimate association of elastin and collagen it has been postulated that elastin contributes little to elastic behavior and that collagen is the major determinant of lung structure. Using clostridial collagenase, pancreatic elastase, and papain we have selectively degraded these fibers and studied the resulting changes in elastic behavior and structure of rat lungs in vitro.Pressure-volume curves were recorded during continuous slow air inflation and deflation (10.5 ml/min) before and after the intratracheal instillation of 0.5 ml of control or enzyme solution. Surface tension-lowering activity of lavaged material was studied. All lungs were fixed inflated at 25 cm H(2)O pressure and whole lung sections were stained for elastin, collagen, and reticulin. Collagenase produced a marked susceptibility to pleural rupture but did not alter elastic behavior or lung structure. Elastase and papain produced segments of lung with increased compliance; this change was not due to alteration in surface forces but was associated with decreased tissue elastic recoil. Histologically, altered tissue recoil correlated well with evidence of damaged elastin fibers. In contrast to previous concepts these results suggest that elastin is the major connective tissue determinant of lung structure and elastic behavior.
Monitoring MWD torque improved pdc bit penetration rates (1988)

Measurement while drilling tools were used to monitor and adjust downhole torque, which resulted in faster drilling and longer bit life. Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits have changed drilling strategies in the sand shale sequences of the Gulf of Mexico, increasing both rate of penetration and bit run lengths, and decreasing drilling costs, particularly in directional wells. While these important results have been achieved using the best drilling information available, little attention has been paid to downhole operating conditions since this information was unavailable during realtime drilling operations. In an effort to learn what benefits could be realized through applying MWD drilling technology to directional drilling with PDC bits, Tenneco teamed up with Anadrill Schlumberger for MWD downhole drilling measurements, and Diamant Boart Stratabit with their PD-11 series bits, to see what could be gained by the close cooperation of these three parties in drilling a typical offshore well. The result was a well drilled on target and under budget, and a new record bit run.
Swarm Intelligence Approaches to Optimal Power Flow Problem With Distributed Generator Failures in Power Networks (2012)

Distributed generation becomes more and more important in modern power systems. However, the increasing use of distributed generators causes the concerns on the increasing system risk due to their likely failure or uncontrollable power outputs based on such renewable energy sources as wind and the sun. This work for the first time formulates an optimal power flow problem by considering controllable and uncontrollable distributed generators in power networks. The problem for the cases of single and multiple generator failures is addressed as an example. The methods are presented to find its power output solution of controllable online generators via particle swarm optimization and group search optimizer for coping with the difficult scenarios in a power network. The proposed methods are tested on an IEEE 14-bus system, and several population initialization strategies are investigated and compared for the algorithms. The simulation results confirm their effectiveness for optimal power management and effective control of a power network.
Ultrashallow (&lt;10nm) p+∕n junction formed by B18H22 cluster ion implantation and excimer laser annealing (2006)

In order to form an ultrashallow p+∕n junction, incorporation of a top amorphous-silicon (a-Si) layer is necessary so as to avoid channeling and to fully activate the dopant. Conventional ultrashallow junction processes require two-step implantation such as preamorphization by Si+ or Ge+ implantation and ultralow (&lt;0.5keV) energy B+ implantation. In this report, the authors investigate B18H22+ implantation. Due to the heavy mass of cluster ions, one-step ion implantation at 5keV readily forms a 5-nm-thick a-Si layer and an ultrashallow junction without B channeling. By employing excimer laser annealing, the authors have obtained a shallow junction depth (∼9nm) and low Rs (∼830Ω∕◻).
Electron Mobility in a Mercury-mediated Duplex of Triazole-linked DNA (TLDNA) (2011)

Abstract A metal-ion-mediated duplex of triazole-linked DNA (TLDNA) was synthesized via thymine–mercury(II)–thymine (T–Hg–T) base pairing. The electron-transport properties of the mercury-mediated duplex deposited on a solid substrate were determined by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements.
Diagnosis and Control of &lt;i&gt;Harpophora maydis&lt;/i&gt;, the Cause of Late Wilt in Maize (2014)

Late wilt, a severe vascular disease of maize caused by the fungus Harpophora maydis, is characterized by relatively rapid wilting of maize plants, before tasseling and until shortly before maturity. In Israel, the disease becomes a major problem in recent years. The pathogen currently controlled using varieties of maize has reduced sensitivity. In earlier work, we modified a molecular method for use as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the disease progress in field infested plants. Several fungicides suppressed H. maydis in vitro and in a detached root pathogenicity assay. Seedling pathogenicity assay enables us to identified H. maydis DNA in the host root and stem tissues 18 days after sowing in both susceptible and tolerant maize plants. Although the infested plants exhibited no wilt symptoms, their roots were significantly shorter in length. This seedling assay was used to demonstrate the suppressive effect of the fungicide Flutriafol on H. maydis virulence. The method of assaying the pathogen in a series of trials starting in a plate assay, followed by a detached root and resulting in a seedlings pathogenicity assay, using molecular and morphological approaches could be generalized to other plant pathogens.
Synthesis of Task and Message Activation Models in Real-Time Distributed Automotive Systems (2007)

Modern automotive architectures support the execution of distributed safety- and time-critical functions on a complex networked system with several buses and tens of ECUs. Schedulability theory allows the analysis of the worst case end-to-end latencies and the evaluation of the possible architecture configurations options with respect to timing constraints. The paper presents an optimization framework, based on an ILP formulation of the problem, to select the communication and synchronization model that leverages the trade-offs between the purely periodic and the precedence constrained data-driven activation models to meet the latency and jitter requirements of the application. The authors demonstrate its effectiveness by optimizing a complex automotive architecture