gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hardware Prefetching Using Shadow Tagging (2008)

Integrated circuits have been in constant progression since the first prototype in 1958, with the semiconductor industry maintaining a constant rate of miniaturisation of transistors and wires. Up until about the year 2002, processor performance increased by about 55% per year. Since then, limitations on power, ILP and memory latency have slowed the increase in uniprocessor performance to about 20% per year. Although the capacity of DRAM increases by about 40% per year, the latency only decreases by about 6 { 7% per year. This performance gap between the processor and DRAM leads to a problem known as the memory wall. This thesis aims to improve system memory latency by leveraging available resources with excess capacity. This has been achieved through multiple techniques, but mainly by using excess bandwidth and improving scheduling policies. The first approach presented, destructive read DRAM, changes the underlying assumptions about the contents of a DRAM cell being unchanged after a read. The latency of a read is reduced, but the rest of the memory system requires changes to conserve data. Prefetching predicts what data is needed in the future and fetches that data into the cache before it is referenced. This dissertation presents a technique for generating highly accurate prefetches with good timeliness called Delta Correlating Prediction Tables (DCPT). DCPT uses a table indexed by the load's address to store the delta history of individual loads. Delta correlation is then used to predict future misses. Delta Correlating Prediction Tables with Partial Matching (DCPT-P) extends DCPT by introducing L1 hoisting which moves data from the L2 to the L1 to further increase performance. In addition, DCPT-P leverages partial matching which reduces the spatial resolution of deltas to expose more patterns. The interaction between the memory controller and the prefetcher is especially important, because of the complex 3D structure of modern DRAM. Utilizing open pages can increase the performance of the system significantly. Memory controllers can increase bandwidth utilization and reduce latency at the same time by scheduling prefetches such that the number of page hits are maximized. The interaction between the program, prefetcher and the memory controller is explored. This thesis examines the impact of having a shared memory system in a CMP. When resources are shared, one core might interfere with another core's execution by delaying memory requests or displacing useful data in the cache. This effect is quantified and which components are most prone to interference between cores identified. Finally, we present a framework for measuring interference at runtime.
Nanocellulose from rice husk following alkaline treatment to remove silica (2011)

The present work deals with the use of multiple-step procedures to obtain valuable sub-products, including nanocellulose, from rice husk. Each sub-product was characterized after every step by analyzing the chemical composition (mainly based on thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, and X-ray diffraction) and morphology (using visual observations and scanning electron microscopy). The results clearly showed that the selected procedure gave the possibility to separate silica in the first step and then to purify the resultant material, leading to nanocellulose production. All acquired sub-products can be used as additives and fillers in a very wide range of applications. The obtained results will be useful both from technological and academic points of view, mainly for people working in the field of biocomposites. The final material could give added value to a raw biomass material source such as rice husk.
Zur Isolierung der Esterase aus der Leber. (2. Abhandlung: Zur Kenntnis der Zellverankerung der Enzyme.) (1934)

Article Zur Isolierung der Esterase aus der Leber. (2. Abhandlung: Zur Kenntnis der Zellverankerung der Enzyme.) was published on January 1, 1934 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 229, issue 1-3).
Overexpression of putative topoisomerase 6 genes from rice confers stress tolerance in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants (2006)

DNA topoisomerase 6 (TOP6) belongs to a novel family of type II DNA topoisomerases present, other than in archaebacteria, only in plants. Here we report the isolation of full-length cDNAs encoding putative TOP6 subunits A and B from rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica), preserving all the structural domains conserved among archaebacterial TOP6 homologs and eukaryotic meiotic recombination factor SPO11. OsTOP6A1 was predominantly expressed in prepollinated flowers. The transcript abundance of OsTOP6A2, OsTOP6A3 and OsTOP6B was also higher in prepollinated flowers and callus. The expression of OsTOP6A2, OsTOP6A3 and OsTOP6B was differentially regulated by the plant hormones, auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that the full-length OsTOP6B protein interacts with both OsTOP6A2 and OsTOP6A3, but not with OsTOP6A1. The nuclear localization of OsTOP6A3 and OsTOP6B was established by the transient expression of their beta-glucuronidase fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells. Overexpression of OsTOP6A3 and OsTOP6B in transgenic Arabidopsis plants conferred reduced sensitivity to the stress hormone, abscisic acid, and tolerance to high salinity and dehydration. Moreover, the stress tolerance coincided with enhanced induction of many stress-responsive genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In addition, microarray analysis revealed that a large number of genes are expressed differentially in transgenic plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TOP6 genes play a crucial role in stress adaptation of plants by altering gene expression.
Multithreaded dependence graphs for concurrent Java programs (1999)

Understanding program dependencies in a computer program is essential for many software engineering activities including program slicing, testing, debugging, reverse engineering, and maintenance. We present a dependence-based representation called multithreaded dependence graph, which extends previous dependence-based representations, to represent program dependencies in a concurrent Java program. We also discuss some important applications of a multithreaded dependence graph in a maintenance environment for concurrent Java programs.
Microbial Epoxidation of <i>cis</i> -Propenylphosphonic to (−)- <i>cis</i> -1,2-Epoxypropylphosphonic Acid (1971)

Eighteen species of Penicillium, one of Oidium and one of Paecilomyces were found to effect a stereospecific conversion of cis-propenylphosphonate to fosfomycin which was identified by paper chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of the trimethylsilyl esters. Penicillium spinulosum carried out the epoxidation only after the glucose substrate had been utilized. Glucose controlled the epoxidation since its residual concentrations in the broth severely depresses the reaction. At optimum levels of glucose, an epoxidation efficiency approaching 90% of olefin charged (0.2 g/liter) was obtained after 10 days of incubation. The olefin concentration could be increased to 0.5 g/liter when glucose was replaced by glycerol, whereby a 90% conversion to fosfomycin was attainable in 6 days. The high conversion efficiency, a good agreement between the GLC assay and bioactivity, are indicative of the levorotatory nature of the product.
A Decomposition Theorem of o (1993)

In this paper we show that there exist r.e. degrees α, α_0 and α_1 such that aα_0, α_1o', α_0∨α_1=o', α_0∧α_1=α and α is a strongly noncappable (s.n.c.) degree. Its immediate corollary is that there is a nonlow s.n.c, degree, which is unsolved in AmbosSpies.
Temperature-insensitive dual-mode resonant sensors - a review (2001)

Dual mode excitation of resonators allows the highly accurate measurement of, and compensation for, the effects of temperature, pressure, etc., by means of frequency measurements alone. Frequency can be measured with far higher accuracy than any other quantity. In dual mode excitation, the two excited modes occupy the same volume of quartz, thereby allowing the resonator to sense two measurands simultaneously, e.g., pressure and temperature. This paper reviews the dual-mode technique and its sensor applications.
Hexaborate Cluster Radical Anions [B<sub>6</sub>Hal<sub>n</sub> Hal'<sub>6-n</sub>]<sup>.-</sup> and [B<sub>6</sub>Hal<sub>5</sub>R]<sup>.-</sup>(Hai, Hal' = CI, Br, I; R = H, alkyl). Chemical or Electrochemical Generation, Vibrational, UV-Vis and EPR Spectroscopy (1999)

Paramagnetic hexaborate clusters with mixed halide, halide/alkyl or halide/hydride substitution were prepared from oxidizable dianionic precursors and were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EPR, vibrational and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The EPR studies reveal increasing g anisotropy and EPR linewidths on replacing Cl by Br and especially by I substituents; on the other hand, the replacement of one halide by one alkyl (CH 3 or CH 2 CN) or hydride substituent in [B 6 Hal 5 R] ∙- causes decreasing radical persistence and g anisotropy. These results indicate a fairly uniform participation of the cluster core and the substituent sphere in the spin distribution as a major factor for the stability of these non-π radicals.
Ocular Anatomy and Physiology (2019)

The Basic Bookshelf for Eyecare Professionals is a series that provides fundamental and advanced material with a clinical approach to clinicians and students. A special effort was made to include information needed for the certification exams in ophthalmic and optometric assisting, as well as for surgical assistants, opticians, plus low vision, and contact lens examiners. Beginning with embryology, a topic rarely covered, this text covers each structure of the eye including; The Bony Orbit; Eyebrows, Eyelids, and the Lacrimal System; and Extraocular Muscles and the Globe. In addition to explaining the anatomy of the structure, the physiology of various structures, systems are also explained, including the visual pathway, the inflammatory response, immunology, binocular vision, refractive errors, and accommodation. Emphasis is on normal anatomy and function, which will help the reader recognize abnormal situations.
Synthesis of phosphorothioate-methylphosphonate oligonucleotide co-polymers (1994)

We describe the synthesis and characterization of novel phosphorothioate-methylphosphonate backbone-modified oligodeoxynucleotide co-polymers. These may have potential use as antisense constructs.
CD8+ T Cell Responses to Lytic EBV Infection: Late Antigen Specificities as Subdominant Components of the Total Response (2013)

EBV elicits primary CD8(+) T cell responses that, by T cell cloning from infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients, appear skewed toward immediate early (IE) and some early (E) lytic cycle proteins, with late (L) proteins rarely targeted. However, L Ag-specific responses have been detected regularly in polyclonal T cell cultures from long-term virus carriers. To resolve this apparent difference between responses to primary and persistent infection, 13 long-term carriers were screened in ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT assays using peptides spanning the two IE, six representative E, and seven representative L proteins. This revealed memory CD8 responses to 44 new lytic cycle epitopes that straddle all three protein classes but, in terms of both frequency and size, maintain the IE > E > L hierarchy of immunodominance. Having identified the HLA restriction of 10 (including 7 L) new epitopes using memory CD8(+) T cell clones, we looked in HLA-matched IM patients and found such reactivities but typically at low levels, explaining why they had gone undetected in the original IM clonal screens. Wherever tested, all CD8(+) T cell clones against these novel lytic cycle epitopes recognized lytically infected cells naturally expressing their target Ag. Surprisingly, however, clones against the most frequently recognized L Ag, the BNRF1 tegument protein, also recognized latently infected, growth-transformed cells. We infer that BNRF1 is also a latent Ag that could be targeted in T cell therapy of EBV-driven B-lymphoproliferative disease.
A gene therapy approach for treating T-cell–mediated autoimmune diseases (2001)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. In mice, EAE is mediated by Th1 type CD4(+) T cells specific for various myelin proteins which migrate from the periphery to the CNS. Removal or blocking of CD4(+) cells before or shortly after disease induction was shown to prevent disease onset and/or disease progression but also results in general immune suppression. Most treatment regimens for autoimmune diseases currently rely on general suppression of the T-cell compartment most commonly by steroids. In this paper, an experimental, gene therapy-based model is presented in which susceptible mice are made resistant to EAE induction by specifically down-regulating an autoreactive T-cell population. By using a retroviral gene transfer protocol, normal B cells were genetically modified to constitutively express the SJL-specific proteolipid (PLP) encephalitogenic determinant and then adoptively transferred into syngeneic hosts. To ensure appropriate presentation of the exogenous encephalitogenic peptide in association with MHC class II, the encephalitogenic sequence was fused to a lysosomal targeting sequence. Adoptive transfer of syngeneic B cells expressing the PLP encephalitogenic determinant into normal, naive, genetically susceptible mice induced PLP-specific unresponsiveness and completely protected the majority (62% and 83% using an intermediate and a high titer retroviral vector, respectively) of the animals from EAE induction. The remaining animals had a delayed disease onset and/or lower disease severity. All protected mice expressed the exogenous gene in the spleen as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
Nanoscale optical communications modulator and acousto-optic transduction with vibrating graphene and resonance energy transfer (2017)

Graphene resonators are future promising in terms of ultra-low weight, high Young's modulus, strength and wideband resonance frequencies. Besides that, nanoscale optical wireless channels including visible light spectrum are alternatives to radio-frequency communications promising energy efficiency and high data rates. In this article, vibrating multi-layer graphene nanoelectromechanical resonators are combined with designed vibrating Forster resonance energy transfer (VFRET) mechanism to achieve a nanoscale acousto-optic modulator converting vibrations to multi-color photon emissions. The frequency, color and the vibration sensitivity of emission are tunable while vibrations are realized either passively or actively by exploiting acoustic, thermo-acoustic or opto-acoustic properties of graphene. The light is generated by FRET mechanism with oscillating donor-acceptor distance where donor molecules attached on graphene are chosen as CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs with significant properties of broad absorption spectrum, large cross-sections, tunable emission spectra, size dependent emission wavelength, high photochemical stability and improved quantum yield. The designed modulator achieves acoustic and ultrasound frequencies between several KHz and tens of MHz and radiation power reaching several nanowatts with resonator sizes of hundreds of micrometers for ambient light intensity of 0.1 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /nm. The proposed system promises significant applications including nanoscale acousto-optic communication, transduction, sensing, energy harvesting and biomedical nanoscale communications.
COMPREHENSIVE CARE OF A MENTALLY RETARDED, ADOLESCENT HEMOPHILIAC WITH A TONGUE-BITING TIC (1969)

A complex case of chronic tongue biting in a mentally retarded, adolescent hemophiliac is presented to demonstrate principles of comprehensive care. Problems arising out of (1) the psychosocial status of the child and parents, (2) psychodynamics of individual physicians, and (3) group dynamics of the medical team are described. Specific countermeasures are spelled out. Particular attention is given to the problems faced by clinic and ward pediatrics in dealing with chronic, life-threatening illness when continuous monitoring of psychogenic factors is essential to appropriate management.
A framework for security on demand (2017)

With new technologies such as SDN(Software-Defined Networking) and NFV(Network Function Virtualization), network transformation is inevitable for network operators to make network programmable as well as to save cost. Consequently, applications can be deployed rapidly and automatically based on SDN and NFV. Correspondingly, security as one of key features for application also has to be provided dynamically and adaptively to meet different security requirements for today's rapid-increasing and evolving applications. However, traditional security appliances such as firewall are implemented as hardware-based middleboxes and placed on fixed locations in the network, so it is difficult to meet security requirements for today's applications. This paper proposes a new security service model based on security chain (i.e. security on demand) to provide customized security services dynamically and adaptively for today's applications. How to apply security on demand to the application (i.e. special vehicle speedup) is also elaborated.
Integrated NTSC Chrominance/Luminance Processor (1980)

An intensive engineering effort in the past decade produced color TV receivers with a high degree of maturity. Although the price of receivers remained essentially unchanged, their performance and reliability were improved substantially. Among the many improvements in all sections of the receiver are not only those that relate to a better picture quality but also those responsible for reduced energy consumption, the simplified operation of controls, and reduced weight. In this paper attention will be focused on improvements in the chroma/ luma area.
Preparation of aragonite by carbonation process (2002)

Aragonite calcium carbonate was synthesized by carbonation process, and MgCl/sub 2/ was selected as inhibitor of calcite phase. The effects of concentration of MgCl/sub 2/, pH value of initial suspension, reaction temperature and stirring rate on calcium carbonate polymorphs were investigated. The result indicated that the aragonite phase can be formed at the condition of pH/spl sim/9, above 60/spl deg/C and suitable concentration. The crystal has high aspect ratios ranging from 10 to 40, and can be modified by changing the conditions of reaction.
Single Sign-On: Is It Really Possible? (2000)

Abstract As the proliferation of applications accelerates, users find themselves losing the authentication war; every application that they are introduced to requires its own authentication or login. Some applications do this because they need to identify the user they are dealing with. Other applications do so because they simply do not trust anyone else to conduct authentication for them. The evolution of computing has introduced many ways to accomplish authentication, some stronger (in the security sense) than others. Single Sign-On (SSO) represents an attempt to address the “multiple login” issue, as well as other issues that are intrinsically tied to multiple logins.
Formation of cavities in Si and their chemisorption of metals (1994)

Nanometer-size cavities formed in Si by He{sup +} implantation and annealing are examined with cross-section TEM. During annealing at 700 C or above, He degasses from the specimens, leaving uhv cavities with reactive Si bonds on their walls. Cavity microstructures have been characterized in detail for an implanted fluence of 1 {times} 10{sup 17} He/cm{sup 2}: cavity volume remains approximately constant (0.75 lattice sites/He) for anneals from 700 to {approximately}1000 C, while surface area (3 to 7 times the wafer area) decreases with temperature as the cavities coarsen. The cavities are found to getter up to {approximately}1 monolayer of Cu or Au from solution in Si without second-phase formation, thus identifying the trapping mechanism as chemisorption on the cavity walls.
Controlling a pinball machine using Linux (2005)

The mechanical parts are bulletproof, but the 1980s electronics are beyond repair. Embedded Linux to the rescue.
A transistor-only current-mode Sigma Delta modulator (2002)

Current-copier circuits are used in the IC realization of a transistor-only second-order Sigma Delta modulator fabricated in a 0.9- mu m digital CMOS process. The 13-bit resolution and 12-bit full-scale linearity make the converter suitable for A/D conversion in high-performance telecommunications applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Apocynin: Molecular Aptitudes (2008)

Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase. It can decrease the production of superoxide (O(2)(-)) from activated neutrophils and macrophages while the ability of phagocytosis remains unaffected. The anti-inflammatory activity of apocynin has been demonstrated in a variety of cell and animal models of inflammation. Apocynin, after metabolic conversion, inhibits the assembly of NADPH-oxidase that is responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It is, therefore, extensively used to reveal the role of this enzyme in cell and experimental models. Although some of the ROS serve as signaling molecules in the cells, excessive production is damaging and has been implicated to play an important role in the progression of many disease processes. This is why in many studies apocynin presents a promising potential treatment for some disorders; however, its utility with inflammatory diseases remains to be determined. Since its mode of action is not well defined, we tried to get a more precise insight into the mechanisms by which apocynin exerts its activity. Considering the anti-inflammatory activities of apocynin, we may conclude that this compound definitely deserves further study.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the SCCmec-orfX junction distinguishes between livestock-associated MRSA CC398 and human epidemic MRSA strains (2009)

A number of real-time PCR assays for direct detection of methicillinresistant (MRSA) in clinical specimens are targeting staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) right extremity sequences and the S. aureus chromosomal orfX gene sequences located to the right of the SCCmec integration site. When testing 184 MRSA strains of human and animal origin from geographically distinct locations, we identified several characteristic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the SCCmec-orfX junction of livestock-associated (LA) MRSA CC398 which serve as suitable strain markers for screening purposes. Within an assay time of 60 minutes and an additional 10 minutes for the melting curve analysis, all MRSA CC398 isolates were correctly identified by their characteristic T(m) value in the commercial LightCycler MRSA Advanced test. Studies to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of the SNP-based strain identification assay with a larger collection of clinical and LA-MRSA strains are ongoing.