gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of GAL4 and GAL80 gene regulatory proteins in vitro. (1987)

The GAL80 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, synthesized in vitro, bound tightly to GAL4 protein and to a GAL4 protein-upstream activation sequence DNA complex, as shown by (i) coimmunoprecipitation of GAL4 and GAL80 proteins with anti-GAL4 antiserum, (ii) an electrophoretic mobility shift of a GAL4 protein-upstream activation sequence DNA complex upon the addition of GAL80 protein, and (iii) GAL4-dependent binding of GAL80 protein to upstream activation sequence DNA immobilized on Sepharose beads. Anti-GAL4 antisera were raised against a GAL4-URA3 fusion protein, which could be purified to homogeneity in a single step with the use of an affinity chromatographic procedure for the URA3 gene product.
A bovine cDNA and a yeast gene (VMA8) encoding the subunit D of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. (1995)

Subunit D of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) from bovine chromaffin granules was subjected to partial proteolysis and amino acid sequencing. A cDNA encoding this subunit was isolated and sequenced. The predicted open reading frame encodes a protein of 247 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 28,336. Northern blot analysis revealed an mRNA distribution with higher transcript amounts in tissues that are active in secretion. A homologous gene was identified as open reading frame 11 in chromosome V of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two proteins exhibit 55% identity with several conservative replacements. Interruption of the yeast gene, denoted as VMA8, resulted in the null mutant delta vma8::URA3 that, like all the other V-ATPase null mutants, did not grow on medium buffered at pH 7.5 and showed no accumulation of quinacrine into their vacuoles. Transformation of the null mutant with a plasmid containing the VMA8 gene restored the wild-type phenotype. This supports the conclusion that subunit D is an integral subunit of the catalytic sector of V-ATPase and its structural analysis suggests analogy to the gamma subunit of F-ATPases.
Theory of Dielectrics: Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Loss (1958)

Physicists, chemists, and electrical engineers are all interested in the properties of dielectric materials, though with different purposes in mind. This book is intended to give a systematic account of the theory of dielectric properties, and thus to provide a background against which applications can be made. It seldom requires the reader to have a knowledge of mathematics greater than is implied by an acquaintance with calculus, and the reader is assumed to have a certain elementary knowledge of atomic and molecular physics, statistical mechanics, and electrostatics.
Burst Fractures with Neurologic Deficits of the Thoracolumbar-Lumbar Spine Results of Anterior Decompression and Stabilization with Anterior Instrumentation (1984)

Twenty-seven burst fractures with neurologic deficits of the thoracolumbar-lumbar spine were treated with an one-stage anterior operation consisting of anterior decompression through vertebrectomy, realignment and stabilization with Zielke instrumentation (12 patients), and our new anterior instrumentation (15 patients). Only two disc spaces directly related to the injury were fused. No patient showed neurologic deterioration after surgery. All 26 patients with incomplete lesions improved postoperatively, with 19 of them entering the next Frankel subgroup. The newly designed anterior instrumentation afforded enough stability to enable early ambulation with alignment and solid fusion.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES DURING ENZYMATIC LIQUEFACTION of MANGO PULP (cv. Keitt) (2000)

Mango pulp from Keitt variety was liquefied with 1.1 mL/kg commercial enzyme mixture preparations for 2 h at 40C. Various physico-chemical characteristics of the mango pulp at different stages of liquefaction were investigated. Apparent viscosity of pulp and serum reduced rapidly to 78% and 93% respectively, in 30 min liquefaction. No marked changes in apparent viscosity of pulp samples and percentage cell wall hydrolysis in the subsequent 60, 90 and 120 min were observed. High correlation coefficient values (R2 > 0.99) of the linear regression analysis showed the feasibility of using a power law model for fitting the shear stress-shear rate data of the pulp. the enzymetreated pulp showed 83% and 84% serum yields during 30 and 120 min reaction times respectively against 52% for fresh pulp. Slight increase in TSS (°Brix), acidity, reducing and total sugars, and slight decrease in pH was found in the pulp as well as serum fractions as the incubation continued. No marked change in color (yellowness) was observed in the enzyme-treated pulp, however, the corresponding serum showed less yellowness and color saturation indicating retention of yellow pigments in the pulp fraction. Δ-3-carene was identified as major mono terpenic compound in mango pulp comprising more than 73% of the total aroma compounds. About 9% loss in the total aroma components was observed during the liquefaction process.
Hyaluronate increases intraocular pressure when used in cataract extraction. (1985)

A prospective randomised study of 26 eyes (24 patients) following uncomplicated intracapsular cataract surgery was carried out with three groups in which different agents were used to re-form the anterior chamber: air, seven eyes; sodium hyaluronate, seven eyes; and a combination of hyaluronate plus systemic acetazolamide, 12 eyes. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry 16 hours before surgery and every eight hours after surgery for 72 hours. The IOP doubled in the two hyaluronate-treated groups for the first day following cataract surgery. By contrast, the IOP in the group receiving air initially decreased slightly. Throughout the study the effect of using acetazolamide was never statistically significant. After the first day and a half the differences in IOP among the three treatment groups disappeared, and the pressures returned to their preoperative values.
Effects of Select Anions from the Hofmeister Series on the Gas-Phase Conformations of Protein Ions Measured with Traveling-Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (2011)

The gas-phase conformations of ubiquitin, cytochrome c, lysozyme, and α-lactalbumin ions, formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) from aqueous solutions containing 5 mM ammonium perchlorate, ammonium iodide, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium thiocyanate, or guanidinium chloride, are examined using traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) coupled to time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). For ubiquitin, cytochrome c, and α-lactalbumin, adduction of multiple acid molecules results in no significant conformational changes to the highest and lowest charge states formed from aqueous solutions, whereas the intermediate charge states become more compact. The transition to more compact conformers for the intermediate charge states occurs with fewer bound H(2)SO(4) molecules than HClO(4) or HI molecules, suggesting ion-ion or salt-bridge interactions are stabilizing more compact forms of the gaseous protein. However, the drift time distributions for protein ions of the same net charge with the highest levels of adduction of each acid are comparable, indicating that these protein ions all adopt similarly compact conformations or families of conformers. No significant change in conformation is observed upon the adduction of multiple acid molecules to charge states of lysozyme. These results show that the attachment of HClO(4), HI, or H(2)SO(4) to multiply protonated proteins can induce compact conformations in the resulting gas-phase protein ions. In contrast, differing Hofmeister effects are observed for the corresponding anions in solution at higher concentrations.
Experimental study of the development of longitudinal vortex pairs embedded in a turbulent boundary layer (1988)

The mean streamwise development of pairs of longitudinal vortices embedded in an otherwise two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer was studied. Planes of closely spaced measurements of the three components of mean velocity were obtained at several streamwise locations, and the vorticity and circulation were calculated. Skin-friction measurements were also made. It was found that the rate of vorticity spreading in a vortex was greatly increased by close proximity of other vortices. The rate of streamwise circulation decrease was significantly greater for corotating vortices than for counter rotating vortices. Boundary-layer thinning and increased skin friction occured in regions where the secondary flow induced by the pairs was directed toward the wall; the boundary layer was thickened and skin friction reduced where the secondary flow was directed away from the wall.
Iterative intersymbol interference cancellation in vestigial sideband Nyquist–subcarrier modulation system (2014)

The intersymbol interference caused by dispersion, chirp, and a vestigial sideband filter in intensity modulation and a direct detection single carrier system is analyzed theoretically and numerically. An iterative nonlinear intersymbol interference cancellation technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in a 40-Gbps 16-QAM Mach-Zehnder modulator-based vestigial sideband intensity modulation and direct detection half-cycle Nyquist–subcarrier modulation system over a 100-km uncompensated standard single-mode fiber transmission for the first time. The experimental results show that 2.2-dB receiver sensitivity improvement is obtained at the forward error correction limit by using the iterative technique.
Business Modeling With UML: Business Patterns at Work (2000)

From the Publisher:
Eriksson and Magnus Penker now provide guidance on how to use UML to model your business systems. In this book, key business modeling concepts are presented, including how to define Business Rules with UML's Object Constraint Language (OCL) and how to use business models with use cases. The authors then provide 26 valuable Business Patterns along with an e-business case study that utilizes the techniques and patterns discussed in the book.
Enzyme activity maintenance in packed‐bed reactors via continuous enzyme addition (1981)

Abstract An operational scheme for using immobilized enzymes in packed‐bed reactors that permits operation at a constant throughput rate and constant product quality is described. The scheme used columns operated in series with continuous enzyme addition to compensate for enzyme decay. A mathematical technique was developed to determine the enzyme addition rate, enzyme usage, and enzyme volume in the column system. Operation of columns in series is compared to operation where the flow rate is decreased to compensate for a loss of enzyme activity for both zero‐and first‐order decay. The analyses indicated that columns in series resulted in better enzyme utilization but larger reactor volumes than parallel reactors with decreasing flow rate.
A study on the induction heating of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (2002)

Abstract Recent work in the literature has identified a new heating mechanism during induction processing of carbon thermoplastic prepreg stacks: contact resistance between fibers of adjacent plies. An experimental methodology has been developed to estimate the contact resistance through heating tests based on the properties of the composite and geometry of the specimen. Measured values indicate comparable resistance values at the contact region, compared to resistance in the fiber direction, for AS-4/PEI prepreg stacks under vacuum pressure. The measured values can serve as inputs for induction heating models and process models of carbon thermoplastic prepreg stacks. Keywords: INDUCTION HEATINGCONTACT RESISTANCEDIELECTRIC HYSTERESISTHERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITEPREPREG STRIP
A Trypsin Inhibitor trans-4-Guanidinomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid 4-tert-Butylphenyl Ester Suppresses the Onset of DNA Synthesis in Escherichia coli Cells Synchronized by Phosphate Starvation. (1993)

trans-4-Guanidinomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid 4-tert-butylphenyl ester (GMCHA-OPh'Bu), a trypsin inhibitor, dose-dependently inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli K-12 IAM1264. Growth inhibition was preceded by dose- and time-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis. These results strongly suggested participation of a trypsin-like proteinase in DNA synthesis. To clarify this suggestion, the effects of GMCHA-OPh'Bu on the doubling time and on the uptake of [methyl-3H]thymidine into DNA were examined with E. coli K-12 IAM1264 synchronized by a modified version of phosphate starvation. The synchrony lasted for two or three cycles with a doubling time of 55 min and a cell division period of 15 min. The cell cycle of E. coli was divided into three periods, cell division period (P), the period between cell division and initiation of chromosome replication (Q) and the period between initiation of chromosome replication and cell division (R). The R period was subdivided into two periods, R1 in which the rate of thymidine uptake into DNA was increasing, and R2 in which it was constant. The addition of GMCHA-OPh'Bu at the R1 period did not affect the already-initiated round of cell division, however, it retarded the next round. The addition at P, Q or R2 retarded the cell division in the same round, causing prolongation of the R1 period. A sharp and momentary appearance of trypsin-like proteinase activity peaked at the Q/R1 boundary in one cell cycle, and inhibition of the activity prolonged the R1 period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazo(1,2‐b)pyridazines. Part 10. Syntheses and Central Nervous System Activities of Some 3‐(Acetamido, Benzamido, Substituted Benzamido or Dimethylamino)methyl‐2‐(phenyl or substituted phenyl)‐6‐( halogeno, alkylthio, alkoxy, phenylthio, phenoxy, benzylthio or benzyloxy)imidazo(1,2‐b)pyridazines. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simulation study of blue InGaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes with different hole injection layers (2012)

InGaN-based light-emitting diodes with p-GaN and p-AlGaN hole injection layers are numerically studied using the APSYS simulation software. The simulation results indicate that light-emitting diodes with p-AlGaN hole injection layers show superior optical and electrical performance, such as an increase in light output power, a reduction in current leakage and alleviation of efficiency droop. These improvements can be attributed to the p-AlGaN serving as hole injection layers, which can alleviate the band bending induced by the polarization field, thereby improving both the hole injection efficiency and the electron blocking efficiency.
Dual-wavelength excitation to reduce background fluorescence for fluorescence spectroscopic quantitation of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin-IX and protoporphyrin-IX from whole blood and oral mucosa (2014)

Erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP) and protoporphyrin-IX (PPIX) accumulate in a variety of disorders that restrict or disrupt the biosynthesis of heme, including iron deficiency and various porphyrias. We describe a reagent-free spectroscopic method based on dual-wavelength excitation that can measure simultaneously both ZnPP and PPIX fluorescence from unwashed whole blood while virtually eliminating background fluorescence. We further aim to quantify ZnPP and PPIX non-invasively from the intact oral mucosa using dual-wavelength excitation to reduce the strong tissue background fluorescence while retaining the faint porphyrin fluorescence signal originating from erythrocytes. Fluorescence spectroscopic measurements were made on 35 diluted EDTA blood samples using a custom front-face fluorometer. The difference spectrum between fluorescence at 425 nm and 407 nm excitation effectively eliminated background autofluorescence while retaining the characteristic porphyrin peaks. These peaks were evaluated quantitatively and the results compared to a reference HPLC-kit method. A modified instrument using a single 1000 μm fiber for light delivery and detection was used to record fluorescence spectra from oral mucosa. For blood measurements, the ZnPP and PPIX fluorescence intensities from the difference spectra correlated well with the reference method (ZnPP: Spearman’s rho r<sub>s</sub> = 0.943, p < 0.0001; PPIX: r<sub>s</sub> = 0.959, p < 0.0001). In difference spectra from oral mucosa, background fluorescence was reduced significantly, while porphyrin signals remained observable. The dual-wavelength excitation method evaluates quantitatively the ZnPP/heme and PPIX/heme ratios from unwashed whole blood, simplifying clinical laboratory measurements. The difference technique reduces the background fluorescence from measurements on oral mucosa, allowing for future non-invasive quantitation of erythrocyte ZnPP and PPIX.
Formation of Au/Ag Nanoparticles in a Two Step Micro Flow‐Through Process (2007)

Abstract The optical properties of metal nanoparticles depend strongly on their composition and size. The plasmon absorption band can be shifted between the blue range and the red range of the optical spectrum, if silver and gold are mixed and aggregation of particles is also induced. The formation of different nanoparticles and nanoparticle aggregates was studied in a two‐step flow‐through process using a glass/Si/glass static micromixer. The educt solution was pumped through the mixer chips by programmable syringe pumps. The process was monitored online by a compact spectrometer connected to the outlet tube by glass fibers. The product solution was collected and investigated by a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Selected samples were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the particle morphology. The typical Ag nanoparticle absorption was found, when an excess of Ag ions was introduced into the system. The intensity of the peak decreased when the flow rate of AgNO 3 solution was reduced in a reaction system, which included HAuCl 4 solution and polyvinyl alcohol, as well as the reducing agent (ascorbic acid). The experiments show that the educt concentration ratios as well as the total flow rates influence the shape and composition of the nanoparticles. Therefore, microreactors with fast mixing and well reproducible mixing conditions are interesting options for the synthesis of nanomaterials.
Transformations in TRIP-assisted Steels: Microstructure and Properties (2006)

Despite the presence of high-carbon martensite, TRIP-assisted steels possess large uniform elongation. High-carbon martensite is normally brittle. In this thesis, it has been demonstrated that this apparent anomaly is due to the fine size of the martensite plates. The mechanical properties of these steels are due to the transformation of retained austenite into martensite during deformation and hence appear to be dominated by the volume fraction and carbon content of retained austenite. These parameters have been related to the chemical composition and heat treatment of the steels with neural networks, using published data. An optimum alloy was formulated by combining the neural network with a genetic algorithm, to minimise the silicon addition whilst maximising the retained austenite fraction. This resulted in the creation of a radically different microstructure, designated δ-TRIP. Transformation of austenite into martensite during deformation ceases beyond a critical strain. A theory has been developed to predict this limit. Calculations using the theory indicate that the high-carbon austenite in these steels may transform into martensite due to stress, rather strain. These materials are often tested for stretch-flangeability, a measure of formability. Neural network analysis of the published data revealed the ultimate tensile strength to be the most important tensile parameter influencing stretch-flangeability.
Host Defense Functions of Pulmonary Surfactant (2004)

Surfactant is a complex of lipids and proteins that reduces surface tension at the air/liquid interface of the lung and regulates immune cell function. Surfactant immune function is primarily attributed to two proteins: SP-A and SP-D. SP-A and SP-D are members of a protein family known as 'collectins', which are distinguished by their N-terminal collagen-like region and their C-terminal lectin domain. The lectin domain binds preferentially to sugars on the surface of pathogens and thereby opsonizes them for uptake by phagocytes. The collectins also modulate the functions of cells of the adaptive immune network including dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. In addition, recent studies show that bacterial products degrade surfactant. In summary, surfactant plays an important role in lung host defense. Surfactant degradation or inactivation may contribute to enhanced susceptibility to lung inflammation and infection.
Modeling and training options for handwritten Arabic text recognition (2016)

Handwritten text recognition is an active and challenging area of research in the field of pattern recognition.This area of research although, witnessing great progress in recent years is far from being a solved problem.Arabic text recognition research starting relatively later as compared to text recognition research in other scripts like Roman and Chinese benefited from the techniques developed for other scripts.Most of the techniques were directly adapted from existing works with little or no modifications.Although, this approach had advantages like quick transfer of knowledge into Arabic text recognition domain, it led to an area of research less explored the study of the peculiarities of Arabic script and utilizing those peculiarities to address the challenges in Arabic text recognition research.The present thesis work is an effort in this direction; whereby, we investigate some of the peculiarities of Arabic script in order to develop methods and techniques which can improve the text recognition performance.We investigated alternative modeling options for HMM-based Arabic text recognition which exploit the fact that many Arabic characters share similar patterns between them.We present the idea of Arabic sub-characters which are smaller character segments defined utilizing the knowledge of the script.The Arabic characters and their position-dependent shapes can, then, be constructed from these fewer number of sub-characters which results in a compact recognizer with a significantly reduced presented for Arabic text.Connector models are the special ligatures that join the Arabic characters in a word.Moreover, contextual sub-character modeling was investigated which benefited from the proposed connector model.Arabic characters have a core shape and a number of dots or other diacritical marks either above or below these core shapes.Many Arabic characters have the same core shapes but differ from each other due to the diacritics.Another modeling option that was presented in this work is based on separating the core shapes from the diacritics thereby reducing the model set considerably.This results in a multi-stage text recognition framework where the core shapes are recognized in the first stage and then the diacritics information is utilized in the second stage to generate the final text hypothesis.A third modeling approach was investigated which basically combined the above two presented ideas in what we term as sub-core-shape models.Here, the core shapes Outline of the thesisWe start with an introduction to HMMs and lay the basic background and foundations for it in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, we present an overview of Arabic script and focus on some important aspects of the script that is related to our research.This chapter will serve as a background and covers the domain knowledge necessary for Arabic text recognition research.In Chapter 4, we present the related works on handwritten Arabic text recognition research.We will focus on the