gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Flexible Reference Picture Selection Method for Spatial DIRECT Mode in Multiview Video Coding (2008)

The motion information of the macroblock signaled as the spatial DIRECT mode can be derived from the neighboring blocks. The closest reference picture in the reference picture list used by the neighboring blocks is selected as the reference picture of the macroblock. Both temporal and interview reference pictures are put into the reference picture list in order to improve the coding efficiency in MVC. A flexible reference picture selection method taking the diversity of reference picture list into account is proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve coding efficiency especially when the interview reference pictures are put ahead of the temporal reference pictures.
Localized Electroporation: A Method for Targeting Expression of Genes in Avian Embryos (2000)

Avian embryos are a popular model for cell and developmental biologists. However, analysis of gene function in living embryos has been hampered by difficulties in targeting the expression of exogenous genes. We have developed a method for localized electroporation that overcomes some of the limitations of current techniques. We use a double-barreled suction electrode, backfilled with a solution containing a plasmid-encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a neurophysiological stimulator to electroporate small populations of cells in living embryos. As many as 600 cells express GFP 24-48 h after electroporation. The number of cells that express GFP depends on the number of trains, the pulse frequency and the voltage. Surface epithelial cells and cells deep to the point of electroporation express GFP. No deformities result from electroporations, and neurons, neural crest, head mesenchyme, lens and otic placode cells have been transfected. This method overcomes some of the disadvantages of viral techniques, lipofection and in vivo electroporation. The method will be useful to biologists interested in tracing cell lineage or making genetic mosaic avian embryos.
Survival after conservative (palliative) management of pleural malignant mesothelioma (2001)

Patients with epithelial mesothelioma survive longer than those with other histological subtypes. Conservatively managed patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma have a median survival of approximately 7 months. These data from conservatively treated patients can serve as baseline information for future studies of experimental treatments.
Luminol-Enhanced Chemiluminescence for Evaluation of Type III Group B Streptococcal Opsonins in Human Sera (1980)

A luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) assay was developed to evaluate type III group B streptococcal opsonins. Sera from 11 adults that contained high (>25 μg/ml), intermediate (3–24 μg/ml), or low <2 μg/ml) antibody concentrations were assessed by CL, indirect immunofluorescence (IF), and bactericidal assays. Total CL activity correlated with antibody concentration (P < 0.005), IgG- and C3-IF values, and phagocytic and bactericidal indices. Heat-stable CL activity correlated with antibody concentration (P < 0.0001) and was related to IgG-IF values and phagocytic indices. Significant bactericidal activity was demonstrated in all sera containing >2 μg of antibody/ml, but no bactericidal activity was observed in heat-inactivated sera. Adsorption of heated sera with type III group B Streptococcus abolished CL activity, whereas CL values of MgEGTA-chelated sera were ∼80% of untreated sera. Thus, type-specific antibody in addition to heat-labile serum factors, including those of the alternative complement pathway, contribute to opsonization of type III group B Streptococcus.
Case Report : A case of intussusception managed conservatively in pregnancy (2011)

Intussusception in pregnancy is very rare and difficult to diagnose, but it carries significant maternal and fetal mortality often due to a delay in both diagnosis and treatment. The main clinical presentation of intussusception in adults is chronic abdominal pain, but the displacement of abdominal organs as pregnancy progresses results in atypical location of the pain and hence often causes delay in diagnosis. We report a pregnant woman who complained abdominal pain at 30 weeks of gestation but showed no definite abnormal findings in abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. She was managed conservatively with parenteral nutrition and analgesics because her abdominal pain waxed and waned. She delivered a healthy baby at 37 weeks of gestation, however, the definite diagnosis of intussusception was not made until 12 hours postpartum. She underwent right hemicolectomy and recovered without any complication.
Phase 3 Studies Comparing Brodalumab with Ustekinumab in Psoriasis (2015)

Brodalumab treatment resulted in significant clinical improvements in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. (Funded by Amgen; AMAGINE-2 and AMAGINE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01708603 and NCT01708629.).
Are Clinical Signs Accurate Indicators of the Cause of Central Venous Catheter Occlusion? (1995)

Inability to withdraw blood from a catheter does not necessarily mean it is occluded by thrombus. Mechanical complications account for a significant portion of dysfunctional catheters.
Nanofiller dispersion in polymer dielectrics (2012)

Nanocomposite dielectrics have been developed for high voltage electrical insulation and electrical storage applications. In this contribution different manufacturing methods and specifically nanodielectrics studied for capacitor applications are presented from the industrial perspective.
Oxidative Stress and Acute Lung Injury (2003)

Keywords: α-tocopherol, α-toc; acute lung injury, ALI; acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS; interleukin, IL; lipopolysaccharide, LPS; N-acetylcysteine, NAC; nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB; reactive oxygen species, ROS
Immunoproteasomes: Regulating the regulator (2005)

I f proteins were people, half of the world's population (3 × 109) would cohabit, cheek by jowl, the typically sized vertebrate cell. Proteins are the most abundant macromolecular constituent of cells and certainly the most important and interesting. Because the interactions of proteins with each other and other cellular components are governed by the laws of mass action, the concentration of a protein greatly influences its function. With the ascendance of molecular genetics in the late 1960s, interest in cellular control of the copy number of individual proteins focused nearly exclusively on transcription. But protein expression is determined not only by the rate of synthesis but also by the rate of degradation. Indeed, it was recognized at least five decades ago that nimble control of protein levels can only be achieved by maintaining the capacity for rapid degradation (1). With the awarding of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Ciechanover, Hershko, and Rose for “their discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation,” protein degradation finally achieved equal footing with transcription in studying protein expression. Ubiquitin covalently marks proteins for degradation by the proteasome, a ubiquitous, abundant, multicatalytic protease that has the unique ability to degrade virtually any protein to oligopeptides. Although much has been learned about the enzymes that control protein ubiquitylation, relatively little is known about how proteasomes themselves are regulated. In this issue of PNAS, Heink et al. (2) report a significant advance in understanding how cells regulate proteasome levels in cells. This finding has broad implications for the possible functions of immunoproteasomes, a form of the proteasome intimately involved with the immune system of jawed vertebrates.

Proteasomes are composed of 14 distinct subunits (seven α and seven β) arrayed in four symmetrical rings (α7β7-β7α7) to form a barrel with …
Computer-Assisted 3-Dimensional Anthropometry of the Scaphoid (2010)

Scaphoid fracture fixation using a cannulated headless compression screw and the Matti-Russe procedure for the treatment of scaphoid nonunions are performed routinely. Surgeons performing these procedures need to be familiar with the anatomy of the scaphoid. A literature review reveals relatively few articles on this subject. The goal of this anatomical study was to measure the scaphoid using current technology and to discuss the findings with respect to the current, relevant literature.Computed tomography scans of 30 wrists were performed using a 64-slice SOMATOM Sensation CT system (resolution 0.6 mm) (Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern, Pennsylvania). Three-dimensional reconstructions from the raw data were generated by MIMICS software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The scaphoid had a mean length of 26.0 mm (range, 22.3-30.7 mm), and men had a significantly longer (P<.001) scaphoid than women (27.861.6 mm vs 24.561.6 mm, respectively). The width and height were measured at 3 different levels for volume calculations, resulting in a mean volume of 3389.5 mm(3). Men had a significantly larger (P<.001) scaphoid volume than women (4057.86740.7 mm(3) vs 2846.56617.5 mm(3), respectively).We found considerable variation in the length and volume of the scaphoid in our cohort. We also demonstrated a clear correlation between scaphoid size and sex. Surgeons performing operative fixation of scaphoid fractures and corticocancellous bone grafting for nonunions need to be familiar with these anatomical variations.
Synthesis of novel 8-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pryidines and 8-arylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridines (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of novel 8-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pryidines and 8-arylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridinesDavid D. DaveyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 9, 1863–1867Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00385a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00385a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The reaction of NN-dimethylformamide with phosphorus trichloride (1966)

The reaction of NN-dimethylformamide with phosphorus trichloride has been studied, and the reaction product isolated. A structure has been proposed on the grounds of elemental analysis, electrical conductivity in chloroform solution, infrared spectra, and proton magnetic resonance. The p.m.r. of related compounds formed by reaction of dimethylformamide with acetyl, thionyl, and phosphoryl chloride, and dimethyl sulphate has been recorded.
Practical syntheses of [13C]- and [14C]-labelled glucosphingolipids (2000)

Synthetic routes to [glucose-U-14C]-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-stearoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine 1b and to [glucose-13C6]-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)sphingosine ([glucose-13C6]glucopsychosine, 2b) are described. Whereas the protected ceramide precursor for 1b was prepared using conventional methodology, two new strategies were developed in the course of the synthesis of 2b. Of these, one relies on keeping a protecting group in place at all times to avoid the handling difficulties associated with sphingosine 4, while the other generates a protected derivative (24) of sphingosine indirectly by means of a Mitsunobu inversion.
Reliability estimates for data recovered from compact discs (1998)

Data reliability at the output of the error-correction code decoderin a compact-disc system is influenced by the decoding strategyemployed by the decoder, as well as by the statistical distribution oferrors that contaminate the recorded data. Recovered-datareliability estimates have been computed by use of error statisticsobtained from the measurement of errors that contaminate the actualdata stored on clean write-once and read-only-memory compactdiscs. These estimates consist of probabilities that specify theoccurrence of residual errors in the data that appear at the output ofa compact-disc player's cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon code(CIRC) decoder. Data reliability estimates that apply to fivespecific CIRC decoding strategies are reported.
New methodology for in-cylinder pressure analysis in direct injection diesel engines—application to combustion noise (2005)

The objective of this paper is to present a new methodology for the analysis of in-cylinder pressure in direct injection (DI) diesel engines. Indeed, for some applications, the traditional study of total pressure is shown to be insufficient and the proposed technique is intended to be an alternative and more efficient tool, since it may provide a better understanding of the physical mechanisms. The main idea is to decompose the in-cylinder pressure evolution according to three phenomena taking place during diesel engine operation: pseudo-motored, combustion and resonance excitation. In order to validate this new method, it is applied to combustion noise analysis. Actually, the combustion process in DI diesel engines may be considered as an important source of noise, and the traditional approach is mainly based on the interpretation of objective overall spectral levels of both in-cylinder pressure and radiated noise, obtained from Fourier analysis. However, this approach has been shown unable to describe all the relevant aspects of the problem, whereas the results obtained from the proposed decomposition technique exhibit a fair qualitative correlation between in-cylinder pressure and combustion noise issues. Further development of this approach could provide a useful tool for the development of optimal injection strategies fulfilling not only performance considerations but also sound quality requirements for combustion noise in DI diesel engines.
Some aspects of high‐pressure NMR (1986)

Abstract Recent advances in the field of high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy in both pure liquids and solutions, under high pressure, are reviewed. Experimental techniques employed for making the NMR measurements at high pressures are discussed. An overview of high‐pressure NMR studies as applied to intramolecular dynamics, structures of liquids, molecular conformations and intermolecular interactions is presented.
Computer-assisted prediction of normal boiling points of furans, tetrahydrofurans, and thiophenes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-assisted prediction of normal boiling points of furans, tetrahydrofurans, and thiophenesDavid T. Stanton, Peter C. Jurs, and Martin G. HicksCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1991, 31, 2, 301–310Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00002a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00002a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Human sex differences in <i>d</i>‐amphetamine self‐administration (2010)

The results of this study suggest that men are more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of a high dose of d-amphetamine than women. Future research is needed that determines prospectively the reinforcing effects of weight-adjusted doses of d-amphetamine in women and men while controlling for menstrual cycle phase.
Fractal-based compression of motion video sequences (2002)

An approach is presented for the compression of motion video sequences using iterated function systems. In the proposed approach, the video stream is partitioned into three-dimensional range regions. Each range region consists of a variable number of rectangular blocks that belong to consecutive frames along motion trajectory. The approach exploits correlation between consecutive blocks in the direction of motion by predicting the IFS map of a given range block with that of a parent range block along the trajectory of motion. The proposed approach shows good promise for efficient modeling and compression of motion video sequences at an affordable computational cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A logic of file systems (2005)

Years of innovation in file systems have been highly successful in improving their performance and functionality, but at the cost of complicating their interaction with the disk. A variety of techniques exist to ensure consistency and integrity of file system data, but the precise set of correctness guarantees provided by each technique is often unclear, making them hard to compare and reason about. The absence of a formal framework has hampered detailed verification of file system correctness.We present a logical framework for modeling the interaction of a file system with the storage system, and show how to apply the logic to represent and prove correctness properties. We demonstrate that the logic provides three main benefits. First, it enables reasoning about existing file system mechanisms, allowing developers to employ aggressive performance optimizations without fear of compromising correctness. Second, the logic simplifies the introduction and adoption of new file system functionality by facilitating rigorous proof of their correctness. Finally, the logic helps reason about smart storage systems that track semantic information about the file system.A key aspect of the logic is that it enables incremental modeling, significantly reducing the barrier to entry in terms of its actual use by file system designers. In general, we believe that our framework transforms the hitherto esoteric and error-prone art of file system design into a readily understandable and formally verifiable process.
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE STANDARDS HELP, BUT IN-VEHICLE NETWORK GROWTH WILL BE CONSERVATIVE (2001)

Over the next five years, diverse network and multiprocessing technology will be incorporated into vehicles. While hardware and software standards will help improve acceptance and reduce costs, the competitive nature of the industry will limit their scope. Leading in the standardization effort for networks in automotive environments is the Controller Area Network (CAN) with OSEK/VDX (German for Offene Systeme und deren Schnittstellen fur die Elektronik im Kraftfahrzeug/Vehicle Distributed eXecutive) providing a standard for real-time operating systems for the many embedded processors found in automotive networks.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)으로 제조된 nanoparticles의 특성 (2004)

Amphiphilic diblock copolymer with different poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) block length were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone in the presence of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-OH, MW 2000) as initiator, using stannous octoate catalyst. The self-aggregation behavior and microscopic characteristics of the diblock copolymer self-aggregation behavior and microscopic characteristics of the diblock copolymer self-aggregates, prepared by dialysis method, were investigated by ¹H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy. The PEG-PCL block copolymer formed self-aggregates in an aqueous environment by intra- and/or intermolecular association between hydrophobic PCL chains. The microscopic chacaterization of the PEGCL self-aggregates revealed that the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, resulting from different PCL block length, played a crueial roles fo ditermination of the physicochemical properties of them.
INTERLEUKIN-4 SECRETION BY THE ALLOGRAFT FAILS TO AFFECT THE ALLOGRAFT-SPECIFIC INTERLEUKIN-4 RESPONSE IN VITRO1 (1999)

from these results we conclude that the failure of transgenically expressed IL-4 to protect the allograft was not associated with up-regulation of a graft antigen-specific IL-4 response.
Percutaneous Heart Valve Replacement (2004)

In 1954, Charles Hufnagel, Proctor Harvey, and col-leagues1 published their classic description of the firsteffective surgical treatment of end-stage aortic insuffi-ciency, or indeed of any form of advanced valvular insuffi-ciency. First at the Peter Bent Brigham, they had worked long on the matter, later moving to Georgetown University Med-ical Center. There they developed a clever and elegantly simple approach to the task of supporting the overloaded left ventricle within the particular anatomic and physiological allowances of valvular aortic insufficiency. The challenge, which was met with gratifying effectiveness, was to interrupt the aortic outflow without the benefit of circulatory support machinery not then available, and to then interpose a pros-thetic valve at a point where regurgitant flow could be arrested. The now famous solution was to accept a remedy not entire, interrupting the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. As the flow to the arch vessels was not interrupted, the