gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terphenyl‐Based Helical Mimetics That Disrupt the p53/HDM2 Interaction (2005)

HDM2 reguliert p53, indem es an seine Transaktivierungsdomäne bindet und seinen Ubiquitin-abhängigen Abbau fördert. Aus der Kristallstrukturanalyse des HDM2/p53-Komplexes folgt, dass drei hydrophobe Reste (F19, W23, L26) entlang einer Seite des helicalen p53-Peptids für das Binden essenziell sind (siehe Bild). Terphenyl-basierte Antagonisten ahmen die α-helicale Region von p53 nach und unterbrechen die HDM2/p53-Komplexierung. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z462316_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazards in Building Materials Used in Yan’an, China (2013)

The concentration of natural radionuclides in commonly used building materials collected from Yan'an, China, was determined using gamma ray spectroscopy with a NaI(Tl) detector. The activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in the studied building materials ranges from 9.4-73.1, 11.5-86.9, and 258.9-1,055.1 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. The concentrations for these natural radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other countries and the world mean values for soil. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), indoor air absorbed dose rate, and annual effective dose rate due to natural radionuclides in samples were estimated to assess radiological hazards for people living in dwellings made of the studied building materials. The calculated Raeq values of all building materials (75.7-222.1 Bq kg⁻¹) are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg⁻¹. The values of Hex and Hin are less than unity. The mean values of indoor air absorbed dose rates of all building materials (101.0 ± 14.1-177.0 ± 6.8 nGy h⁻¹) are higher than the world population-weighted average of 84 nGy h⁻¹, while the mean values of annual effective dose range from 0.50 ± 0.07-0.87 ± 0.03 mSv y⁻¹, which are lower than the recommended limit of 1 mSv y⁻¹. It is found that these materials may be used safely as construction materials and do not pose significant radiation hazards to inhabitants.
The challenge of implementing a large-scale consumer information system (1972)

article The challenge of implementing a large-scale consumer information system Share on Author: Carl Hammer Computer Sciences Univac, Washington, D.C. Computer Sciences Univac, Washington, D.C.View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCAS Computers and SocietyVolume 3Issue 3October 1972 pp 4–6https://doi.org/10.1145/958606.958607Online:01 October 1972Publication History 0citation332DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads332Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Improving industrial yeast strains: exploiting natural and artificial diversity (2014)

Yeasts have been used for thousands of years to make fermented foods and beverages, such as beer, wine, sake, and bread. However, the choice for a particular yeast strain or species for a specific industrial application is often based on historical, rather than scientific grounds. Moreover, new biotechnological yeast applications, such as the production of second-generation biofuels, confront yeast with environments and challenges that differ from those encountered in traditional food fermentations. Together, this implies that there are interesting opportunities to isolate or generate yeast variants that perform better than the currently used strains. Here, we discuss the different strategies of strain selection and improvement available for both conventional and nonconventional yeasts. Exploiting the existing natural diversity and using techniques such as mutagenesis, protoplast fusion, breeding, genome shuffling and directed evolution to generate artificial diversity, or the use of genetic modification strategies to alter traits in a more targeted way, have led to the selection of superior industrial yeasts. Furthermore, recent technological advances allowed the development of high-throughput techniques, such as 'global transcription machinery engineering' (gTME), to induce genetic variation, providing a new source of yeast genetic diversity.
Environmental tax reform: The Swedish experience (1994)

Abstract In the 1980s the Swedish tax system was in severe trouble. With large segments of the population paying 80% marginal tax rates it became a priority issue for government to reduce tax levels on income but without incurring too large a budget deficit. In this context and as part of a general tax reform (the main focus of which was to reduce marginal taxes and broaden the tax base) environmental taxes had a special chance of gaining acceptance and taxes on energy and transport were increased heavily around 1991. The following year industry succeeded in repealing a number of the increased taxes on energy. This reform was however, financed by further increasing the energy taxes for the household and transport sectors. This increase was designed so as to safeguard the competitivity of Swedish industry without reducing energy tax revenues. Generally it appears that the energy tax and the carbon tax are successful as revenue raisers while their environmental effect will only be seen in the long run (and furthermore only if other countries follow suit since the environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect are truly global in character). On the other hand such taxes as on sulphur and the tax differentiation on leaded fuel, as well as the tax differentiation between different qualities of diesel and fuel oil, have been very successful in an environmental sense, but have ‐ for the same reason ‐ not given any substantial revenue contributions. The differentiation between industrial and other consumers has had at least one unfortunate side‐effect: that of creating a considerable disparity between industrial and other consumers' prices for some energy carriers. This type of price wedge always creates undesirable incentives for tax evasion.
Traceability of counterfeit medicine supply chain through Blockchain (2019)

The main issues with drug safety in the counterfeit medicine supply chain, are to do with how the drugs are initially manufactured. The traceability of right and active pharmaceutical ingredients during actual manufacture is a difficult process, so detecting drugs that do not contain the intended active ingredients can ultimately lead to end-consumer patient harm or even death. Blockchain's advanced features make it capable of providing a basis for complete traceability of drugs, from manufacturer to end consumer, and the ability to identify counterfeit-drug. This paper aims to address the issue of drug safety using Blockchain and encrypted QR(quick response) code security.
Impaired visuocortical discrimination learning of socially conditioned stimuli in social anxiety (2014)

In search of causative factors of social anxiety disorder (SAD), classical conditioning has been discussed as a potential trigger mechanism for many years. Recent findings suggest that the social relevance of the unconditioned stimulus (US) might play a major role in learning theories of SAD. Thus, this study applied a social conditioning paradigm with disorder-relevant US to examine the electrocortical correlates of affective learning. Twenty-four high socially anxious (HSA) and 23 age- and gender-matched low socially anxious (LSA) subjects were conditioned to 3 different faces flickering at a frequency of 15 Hz which were paired with auditory insults, compliments or neutral comments (US). The face-evoked electrocortical response was measured via steady-state visually evoked potentials and subjective measures of valence and arousal were obtained. Results revealed a significant interaction of social anxiety and conditioning, with LSA showing highest cortical activity to faces paired with insults and lowest activity to faces paired with compliments, while HSA did not differentiate between faces. No group differences were discovered in the affective ratings. The findings indicate a potentially impaired ability of HSA to discriminate between relevant and irrelevant social stimuli, which may constitute a perpetuating factor of SAD.
Overseer: A Mobile Context-Aware Collaboration and Task Management System for Disaster Response (2010)

Efficient collaboration and task management is challenging in distributed, dynamically-formed organizations such as ad hoc disaster response teams. Ineffective collaboration may result in poor performance and loss of life. In this paper, we present Overseer, an open multi-agent system that leverages context information in a mobile setting to facilitate collaboration and task allocation. We describe our system architecture, deployment, evaluation metrics, challenges and proposed solutions. We also show how mobile context can be used to create dynamic role-based assignments to support collaboration and effective task management.
Diffusion of Macromolecules in Dextran Methacrylate Solutions and Gels As Studied by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (1997)

This paper reports the results and the interpretation of rheological experiments on and diffusion measurements of fluorescent polymer chains in solutions and gels of dextran (dex) derivatized with methacrylate (ma) groups. We illustrate the use of confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to study the mobility of large molecules in polymer systems. The main aim was to understand the influence of the polymer network in the gels on the mobility of large molecules. Therefore we measured the diffusion coefficients before and after cross-linking the dextran methacrylate (dex−ma) chains. Increasing the dex−ma concentration did not spectacularly increase the sterical hindrance by the dex−ma network. However, the sterical hindrance did become significantly stronger when the size of the diffusing probe and the degree of ma substitution were increased. The mobility of the probes decreased when the dex−ma gels became more elastic. However, the decrease in the diffusion coefficient was much less than the spectacular increase in the elasticity of the hydrogels.
A learning system based on genetic adaptive algorithms (1980)

A learning system is a system that improves its performance with respect to a given task domain over time through its interactions with the task environment. The mechanisms by which such a system manipulates its knowledge about the task environment in response to these interactions constitute the system's of learning. In constructing an artificial learning system, the particular methods employed determine, to a large extent, the ultimate generality of the system. A learning system capable of functioning in a variety of task domains necessarily requires the presence of domain independent methods of learning.
This thesis is concerned with investigating the feasibility of constructing a general purpose learning system around a particular class of domain independent methods called genetic algorithms. To this end, a specific learning system organization, LS-1, is proposed. In further specifying the design, a production system language amenable to manipulation by a genetic algorithm is defined as the system's representation of knowledge, organized as a domain independent framework into which task specific primitives can be injected. The classical genetic algorithms are then modified to suit the specific characteristics of the defined knowledge structure representation. A formal analysis of the search conducted by such a revised genetic algorithm through the space of possible production system programs is performed, demonstrating that it possesses properties analogous to those exhibited by classical genetic algorithms and establishing a sound theoretical foundation for LS-1. Finally, a critic to judge the relative worth of a production system program as a potential solution to the task at hand is specified, incorporating both domain independent and task specific sources of judgmental information.
As a demonstration of the feasibility of the design an LS-1 implementation is tested in two distinct and unrelated task domains, each the domain of a related effort in learning system construction. Specifically, the system is faced with (1) a simple maze walk problem and (2) the problem of making the bet decision in draw poker. Initialized in each test with randomly generated production system programs, the LS-1 implementation is shown to rapidly converge on high performance knowledge structures in both task domains, providing empirical evidence of the effectiveness of a genetic algorithm as a general purpose learning mechanism.
Chemical kinetics and cellular structure of detonations in hydrogen sulphide and air (1985)

Detailed analyses of hydrogen sulphide oxidation have been used to characterize the reaction zone structure at temperatures and pressures typical of detonations in mixtures of hydrogen sulphide and air. Detonation reaction zone lengths are calculated for a wide range of compositions, and the variation of these lengths with initial pressure and water vapor dilution are calculated. Estimates of detonation cell size lambda are made based on scaling factors established for other fuel-air systems. These estimates are compared with results obtained in an experimental investigation of the detonability of mixtures of hydrogen sulphide and air. The predicted cell size of 10 cm at stoichiometric composition and standard initial conditions is in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The predicted variation of cell size also agrees well with the experimental observations over a concentration range of 10 to 20% (by volume) hydrogen sulphide. Based on the d/sub c/ = 13lambda estimate of critical tube diameter d/sub c/, the minimum critical tube diameter (for a stoichiometric mixture) is 1.3 m. Mixtures of hydrogen sulphide and air are therefore slightly less sensitive to detonation than propane-air mixtures, which have a minimum critical tube diameter of 0.9 m. 27 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.
Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV Tat transactivation pathway gene expression (1999)

HIV-1 gene expression relies upon a complex machinery that is primarily controlled by two viral regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev. Rev is involved in regulating post-transcriptional events of HIV-1 gene expression. The Tat protein transactivates transcription from the HIV-1 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR) and acts in synergy with specific cellular factors. Recently, it has been shown that one set of these cellular factors is a protein kinase activity termed TAK (Tat-associated kinase), which activates transcription by hyperphosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. TAK also enhances transcription of HIV-2, together with the retroviral transactivator, Tat-2. The TAK activity appears to be related to the CTD kinase P-TEFb, which stabilizes transcription elongation of many genes and was originally isolated from Drosophila extracts. Both TAK and P-TEFb contain at least two subunits: the cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK9 (PITALRE), the catalytic subunit, and the regulatory subunit, cyclin T1. CDK9 and cyclin T1 are ubiquitous factors that affects many cellular processes, including cell differentiation and apoptosis. The involvement of TAK in HIV-1 and HIV-2 gene expression is an important aspect in the biology of these two retroviruses, and may lead to the development of novel antiretroviral drugs and/or gene therapy approaches for the treatment of patients with AIDS. J. Cell. Biochem. 75:357–368, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
STRUCTURE AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE GADOLINIUM DOPED ZIRCONIA THIN FILMS (2002)

Transparent sols of crystalline gadolinium doped zirconia particles with the general formula Zr 1 - x Gd x O 2 - x/2 (where x = 0–0.20), were prepared by a hydrothermal sol-gel method using cheap inorganic precursors. The composition, structure, crystallite size and lattice parameters of the crystalline dried sol particles and heated powders were studied. Thin films were deposited on quartz substrates using a simple dipping process and the structure, composition and crystallite size found to be identical to the powders with respect to the variation in temperature. Spectral transmittance studies showed that the films were transparent in the region between 400 and 1100 nm. The refractive index increased with the increase in annealing temperature, varying between 1.56 and 1.74. Optical band gap calculations gave band of 5.52 to 5.55 eV. Refractive indices and optical band gaps were compared with those of films containing other lanthanide dopants previously reported in the literature.
Inheritance Pattern for Secreting and Nonsecreting Glandular Trichomes in Tobacco<sup>1</sup> (1982)

Crosses were made between Tobacco Introduction 1406 (‘Virgin A Mutant’), a Nicotiana tabacum L. breeding line susceptible to the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer), and three tobacco flea beetle tolerant burley tobacco cultivars. The parents, F 1 , F 2 , and BC 1 generations were evaluated for secreting or nonsecreting glandular trichomes to determine the inheritance of secretory activity. Tobacco Introduction 1406 did not possess secreting trichomes. Secreting trichomes were present on the three burley cultivars. Segregation patterns revealed that presence or absence of secreting trichomes was controlled by alleles at a single locus. Secreting trichomes were produced on leaves of the homozygous and heterozygous plants while nonsecreting trichomes were present on leaves of the homozygous recessive genotype. The locus was designated as the Te locus. Quantitative determination of exudate amounts in secreting plants were not made although visual differences in exudate levels were noted.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Zn-Y Alloy (2013)

A high strength and toughness extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloy based on quasicrystal-strengthening has been studied. The effect of extrusion and heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y alloy were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile testing. The experimental results indicated that the coarse dendrite crystals were broken through the hot extrusion, and dynamic recrystallization appeared during the hot extrusion, which obviously refined the hot-extruded microstructure to the average grain size about 20μm. A large amount of strengthening phases such as Mg 3 Zn 6 Y(I-Phase), Mg 12 ZnY(X-Phase) and MgZn 2 , which were massive, grainy and clavate, dispersedly precipitated from the matrix along grain boundary during ageing treatment at 225 after extrusion, and made the sliding of grain boundaries restrained, which resulted in an enhancement for mechanical properties to a great extent. At the same time, the tensile strength and yield strength increased after ageing treatment. After ageing treatment of 225×24h, the highest tensile strength and yield strength of the extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloy were obtained: σ b =506.7MPa, σ 0.2 =373.5MPa, which were increased by 104.8% and 120.4%, respectively, compared with the extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloy, however the elongation decreased to 16.52%.
Fluconazole prophylaxis in patients with head and neck tumours undergoing radiation and radiochemotherapy (1998)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of Candida stomatitis and resulting interruptions in radiation and radiochemotherapy in 50 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region receiving fluconazole (100 mg d-1) in comparison with a historical control group (n = 50) without specific prophylaxis. Twenty of the control patients (40%) demonstrated Candida stomatitis, with seven of them (14%) requiring interruptions in anticancer therapy. In contrast, none of the patients with fluconazole had evidence of Candida stomatitis (P = 0.0000051) and subsequent interruption of anti-cancer therapy (P = 0.0061). Laboratory monitoring for the presence of Candida species was performed in 30 patients before and after therapy with fluconazole. Candida albicans was identified less frequently after therapy when compared with the pretreatment status. However, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated in some of the patients, probably because of drug resistance of these subspecies. The results demonstrate the clinical usefulness of prophylactic fluconazole applications in patients suffering from head and neck tumours with the aim of reducing Candida stomatitis and the resulting interruptions in radiation and radiochemotherapy.
Interesting Molecule: <i>Treatise on Collagen</i> . Vol. 1, Chemistry of Collagen. G. N. Ramachandran, Ed. (xiv + 556 pp., illus. $22.50). Vols. 2 and 3, Biology of Collagen, Parts A and B. Bernard S. Gould, Ed. (vol. 2, xviii + 434 pp., illus. $17.50; vol. 3, xvi + 488 pp., illus. $18.50). Academic Press, New York, 1967-68. (1969)

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.01JunJulAugSepOctNov110Total6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the most recent 6 whole calendar months.
Fast detection of hydrogen with nano fiber tapers coated with ultra thin palladium layers (2005)

We report a miniature hydrogen sensor that consists of a subwavelength diameter tapered optical fiber coated with an ultra thin palladium film. The optical properties of the palladium layer changes when the device is exposed to hydrogen. Consequently, the absorption of the evanescent waves also changes. The sensor was tested in a simple light transmission measurement setup that consisted of a 1550 nm laser diode and a photodetector. Our sensor is much smaller and faster than other optical hydrogen sensors reported so far. The sensor proposed here is suitable for detecting low concentrations of hydrogen at normal conditions.
Early Structural and Functional Changes of the Vasculature in HIV-Infected Children (2005)

HIV infection in childhood is associated with adverse structural and functional vascular changes that are most pronounced in children exposed to PI therapy. Longitudinal studies are required to differentiate the relative impact of HIV disease and ART and to assess the potential for prevention.
3-D Object Recognition Based on Integration of Range Image and Gray-scale Image (2001)

In this paper, we propose a practical object recognition system which consists of two functional modules. The first is object extraction module using a range image, and the second is a precise position measurement module using a grayscale intensity image. Both high-reliability and high-accuracy can be achieved by effective image integration. We also propose an idea of stereo vision with random-dot pattern projection as an effective way to obtain a range image. This method enables reliable stereo matching, even for objects with no texture. Through an experiment with real images, we have demonstrated that our system has 99.8% recognition reliability and processing time is approximately 5 seconds per image; as a result, the system can be applied to practical industrial robot vision.