gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraocular Irrigating Solutions (1978)

Isolated human corneas maintained normal corneal thickness and endothelial ultrastructural integrity throughout a three-to four-hour period of perfusion of BSS plus to the endothelial surface. By comparison, only one of six human corneas perfused with lactated Ringer's solution was able to maintain normal thickness and ultrastructural integrity. The other five corneas perfused with lactated Ringer's solution showed various degrees of endothelial cell breakdown and corneal swelling during three hours of perfusion. The results of these studies suggest that BSS plus is a better solution for maintenance of human corneal endothelium during long-term (one- to three-hour) surgical procedures.
New nonlinear organic materials for generation of the second harmonic of neodymium laser radiation (1977)

The results are given of an investigation of the generation of the second harmonic of a neodymium laser in 33 new organic crystalline powders. Ways of a possible search for and synthesis of nonlinear organic materials, and their potential applications are considered.
Memristive Transfer Matrices (2010)

An electrical analysis is performed for a memristor crossbar array integrated with operational amplifiers including the effects of parasitic or contact resistances. It is shown that the memristor crossbar array can act as a transfer matrix for a multiple input-multiple output signal processing system. Special cases of the transfer matrix are described related to reconfigurable analog filters, waveform generators, analog computing, and pattern similarity. Keywords: transfer matrix, memristor, analog electronics, crossbar, operational amplifier, reconfigurable electronics
Effects of aberrating layers and tube length on confocal imaging properties (1991)

The spherical aberration introduced by a slab of dielectric, or by alteration of the tube length of an objective, is considered theoretically and experimentally. It is found that the axial imaging performance of confocal microscopes can be optimized by balancing these two sources of aberration
Lithologic characterization of a reservoir using continuous-wavelet transforms (2003)

We consider the problem of characterizing the lithology of a reservoir using gamma ray logs as well as seismic traces around the well. We first calculate the continuous-wavelet transform of the the data and then use the fact that the energy of such transformation is proportional to a power of its scale. The technique consists in estimating the power transformation obtaining a set of values of the same size as the original data and then modeling the distribution of these values using a double exponential. We find that wells that are predominantly sand correspond to distributions that are significantly different from those that correspond to wells that are predominantly gravel. This happens in both cases: gamma rays and seismic traces. We use this characterization to classify other points in the reservoir.
Alterations in preload and ejection phase indices of left ventricular performance,. (1975)

Ejection phase indices such as mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V-cf), ejection fraction (EF), and mean normalized systolic ejection rate (MSER) are thought to reflect the level of left ventricular (LV) inotropic state. Although known to be influenced by changes in afterload, their response to altered preload is less certain. This question was examined in ten normal subjects studied in the supine position and after 10 min of 75 degree head-up tilt. Echo VL diameter (D) and carotid pulse recordings were used to calculate LV ejection time, V-cf, MSER, LV end-diastolic and stroke volumes (EDV and SV, by D3 formula), and ejection fraction. Systemic blood pressure (BP)was measured by cuff, and heart rate (HR) counted from the ECG. Calculated LVEDV decreased with tilt (115 plus or minus 8 to 82 plus or minus 7 ml, P smaller than 0.001), as did SV (81 plus or minus 6 to 54 plus or minus 6 ml, P smaller than 0.001), and ejection time (0.31 plus or minus 0.01 to 0.27 plus or minus 0.00 sec, P smaller than 0.001), but there was no significant change in systolic or diastolic BP or HR. V-cf, EF, and MSER were not singificantly altered by tilt (1.09 plus or minsu 0.04 to 1.12 plus or minus 0.05 circ/sec; 0.70 plus or minus 0.02 to 0.65 plus or minus 0.02; and 2.29 plus or minus 0.07 to 2.43 plus or minus 0.08 end-diastolic volumes/sec, respectively). V-cf, MSER, and EF appearrelatively unaffected by acute alterations in preload. That compensatory sympathetic responses blunted potential changes cannot be excluded, although HR was not found to have increased.
Synthesis of diblock copolymers containing both polydiene and polyalcohol blocks (1989)

Abstract A wide range of functional diblock copolymers containing both functional polymer and hydrocarbon polymer, have been prepared by the combination of anionic polymerization and borane chemistry. The distinctive hydroboration reactivity between various polydienes enables us to selectively functionalize one polydiene segment in diblock copolymers which contain two different polydiene segments. In turn, the hydroborated polymers are valuable intermediate compounds which can be converted to a whole family of functional polymers with a variety of other functionalities under mild reaction conditions. The hydroxylated diblock copolymer is used as an example to demonstrate the chemistry. The two‐phase nature of these copolymers is also shown by the observation of two distinctive glass transition temperatures associated with the individual polymer segments.
Hardware Implementation of an Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Controller for DC–DC Converters (2005)

A novel control topology of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for control of the dc-dc converter is developed and presented in this paper. It essentially consists of combining fuzzy inference system and neural networks and implementing within the framework of adaptive networks. The architecture of the ANFIS along with the learning rule, which is used to give an adaptive and learning structure to a fuzzy controller, is also described. The emphasis here is on fuzzy-neural-network control philosophies in designing an intelligent controller for the dc-dc converter that allows the benefits of neural network structure to be realized without sacrificing the intuitive nature of the fuzzy system. Specifically, it permits this type of setup to simultaneously share the benefits of both fuzzy control and neural network capabilities. An experimental test bed is designed and built. The components are tested individually and in various combinations of hardware and software segments. Two categories of tests, namely, load regulation and line regulation, are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed control system. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages and flexibilities of ANFIS for the dc-dc converter.
Algorithms in FastImp: a fast and wide-band impedance extraction program for complicated 3-D geometries (2005)

In this paper, we describe the algorithms used in FastImp, a program for accurate analysis of wide-band electromagnetic effects in very complicated geometries of conductors. The program is based on a recently developed surface integral formulation and a precorrected fast Fourier transform (FFT) accelerated iterative method, but includes a new piecewise quadrature panel integration scheme, a new scaling and preconditioning technique as well as a generalized grid interpolation and projection strategy. Computational results are given on a variety of integrated circuit interconnect structures to demonstrate that FastImp is robust and can accurately analyze very complicated geometries of conductors.
Homogenization and Equivalent In-Plane Properties of Hexagonal and Re-Entrant Honeycombs (2007)

The investigation of equivalent in-plane properties for hexagonal and re-entrant (auxetic) lattices can be carried out through the analysis of the partial differential equations associated with their homogenized continuum models. A homogenization technique is adopted based on the approximation of the discrete lattice equations according to the finite differences formalism. The technique can be used in conjunction with a finite element (FE) description of the lattice unit cell and therefore allows handling structures with different levels of complexity and various internal geometries within a general and compact framework that can be easily implemented in a numerical code. The in-plane wave propagation characteristics of honeycombs can be investigated with the proposed approach: approximate phase velocities can be calculated from the equations of motion for the low-frequency modes and compared with the exact values obtained through a Fourier analysis of the unit cell.
Hydridosilane Modification of Metals: An Exploratory Study (2012)

The interaction of hydridosilanes with oxide-free metal substrates was evaluated in order to determine their potential for surface modification analogous to alkoxysilanes with metal oxide substrates. Under mild conditions, trihydridosilanes interact with a variety of clean, hydrogenated and fresh metal and metalloid surfaces, including titanium, silicon and gold. In contrast, monohydridosilanes appear to have minimal interaction. All classes of hydridosilanes have minimal interaction with anhydrous oxide surfaces. Preliminary results suggest that surface modification with trihydridosilanes may provide a route for generating self-assembled monolayers on metal substrates. The synthesis of new trihydridosilanes is described. Contact angle, FTIR and XPS data for modified surfaces are provided.
Down-regulation of <i>TFF</i> Expression in Gastrointestinal Cell Lines by Cytokines and Nuclear Factors (2002)

Down-regulation of intestinal trefoil factor TFF3 due to transcriptional repression by IL1beta through NF-kappaB as well as by IL6 through C/EBPbeta activation in vitro may reflect the situation in vivo and may contribute to ulceration and decreased wound healing during inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, IL1 and IL6 over-expression in chronic gastritis may lead to mucosal damage and gastric carcinogenesis through transcriptional repression of TFF1 and TFF2.
Single-arm double-mode double-order planar waveguide interferometric sensor (2001)

A sensor is described for which interference measurements of the phase delay between two propagating modes of different orders in a slab thin-film waveguide are used as the sensing technique. The basic building block of the sensor is a polymer film doped with an indicator dye such as Bromocresol Purple. The modes of two orders such as TM(0) and TM(1) are simultaneously excited in the light-guiding film with a focusing optics and a prism coupler. The modes are decoupled from the film and recombined to produce an interference pattern in the face of an output optical fiber. The sensitivity of the sensor to the ambient temperature change is 1.5 degrees C, and the sensitivity to NH(3) is 200 parts in 10(6) for one full oscillation of the signal.
Role of Rho kinase signal pathway in inflammatory bowel disease. (2015)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is nonspecific inflammation in the intestinal track, including Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The incidence of IBD has increased significantly, with its numerous rising up to five million globally, more than 1,700,000 in China. Pathological character of IBD is the inflammation of intestinal mucosa and intestinal fibrosis. Although the pathogenesis of the disease has not yet been fully clarified, some evidence suggests that excessive intestinal inflammation reaction, intestinal barrier impairment and abnormal immune response can initiate IBD. As research continues, some of them have provided new insights toward understanding of Rho kinase signal pathway function at the occurrence and development of IBD. This review aims to summarize the general principles of Rho kinase signal pathway in the pathological procedure of IBD.
Efficient edge detection and object segmentation using Gabor filters (2004)

Gabor filter is a widely used feature extraction method, especially in image texture analysis. The selection of optimal filter parameters is usually problematic and unclear. This study analyzes the filter design essentials and proposes two different methods to segment the Gabor filtered multi-channel images. The first method integrates Gabor filters with labeling algorithm for edge detection and object segmentation. The second method uses the K-means clustering with simulated annealing for image segmentation of a stack of Gabor filtered multi-channel images. Various experiments with real images demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches.
Collision Resistance of Double-Block-Length Hash Function against Free-Start Attack (2008)

In this article, we discuss the security of double-block-length (DBL) hash functions against the free-start collision attack. We focus on the DBL hash functions composed of compression functions of the form F(x)=(f(x),f(p(x))), where f is a smaller compression function and p is a permutation. We first show, in the random oracle model, that a significantly good upper bound can be obtained on the success probability of the free-start collision attack with sufficient conditions on p and the set of initial values. We also show that a similar upper bound can be obtained in the ideal cipher model if f is composed of a block cipher.
On the design of voltage-controlled sinusoidal oscillators using OTAs (1990)

A unified systematic approach to the design of voltage-controlled oscillators using only operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and capacitors is discussed. Two classical oscillator models, i.e. quadrature and bandpass-based, are employed to generate several oscillator structures. They are very appropriate for silicon monolithic implementations. The resulting oscillation frequencies are proportional to the transconductance of the OTA, and this makes the structures well-suited for building voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). Amplitude stabilization circuits using both automatic gain control (AGC) mechanisms and limitation schemes are presented. The circuits are compatible with the transconductance amplifier capacitor oscillator (TACO). Experimental results from bipolar breadboard and CMOS IC prototypes showing the potential of OTA-based oscillators for high-frequency VCO operation are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Angiotensin II as a renal growth factor. (1993)

Angiotensin II (ANG II) can have multiple effects on the kidney, including influences on the regulation of glomerular hemodynamics and tubular transport as well as consequences for the glomerular processing of macromolecules. The recognized suppressive effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on compensatory renal growth, even in the absence of hemodynamic effects, and the well-documented proliferative effect of ANG II on vascular smooth muscle cells have provided the background for the recent intensive interest in this peptide as a renal cytokine. Diverse cell types along the nephron express a variety of ANG II receptors. These receptors and their putative signal transduction pathways have been best characterized in mesangial and proximal tubular cells. Culture experiments provide convincing evidence that ANG II can be a phenotypic influence on these cell types. The growth responses and the associated signal transduction pathways, however, are different in mesangial and proximal tubular cells. These ANG II-mediated responses are also associated with an increase in the synthesis of distinct collagen subtypes, potentially linking the growth stimulatory effects of ANG II to the irreversible changes of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis observed in chronic renal failure. Preventing the intrarenal actions of ANG II with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or with the new, orally active, selective ANG II receptor antagonists may provide a rational therapeutic approach to attenuate the progression of a variety of kidney diseases.
Is Reduced First-Phase Insulin Release the Earliest Detectable Abnormality in Individuals Destined to Develop Type 2 Diabetes? (2002)

Insulin is released from the pancreas in a biphasic manner in response to a square-wave increase in arterial glucose concentration. The first phase consists of a brief spike lasting approximately 10 min followed by the second phase, which reaches a plateau at 2-3 h. It is widely thought that diminution of first-phase insulin release is the earliest detectable defect of beta-cell function in individuals destined to develop type 2 diabetes and that this defect largely represents beta-cell exhaustion after years of compensation for antecedent insulin resistance. In this article, the origins of these concepts are reviewed and recent evidence is presented suggesting that reductions in both phases of insulin release are equally early, that they precede insulin resistance other than that simply due to obesity, and that they therefore may represent the primary genetic risk factor predisposing individuals to type 2 diabetes.
Throughput Enhancement of Macro and Femto Networks By Frequency Reuse and Pilot Sensing (2008)

Femto cell systems are promising to provide cost-effective high-bandwidth service in wireless cellular systems. However, co-channel operation with existing macro networks incurs co-channel interference and is technically challenging. In this paper, we propose a method which uses frequency reuse with pilot sensing to reduce cross-tier co-channel interference between macro cells and femto cells. Simulations were conducted to study the impact of femto cells on the macro cells regarding throughput and outage probability. The comparison results show that our proposed method can be a solution to deploy femto cell systems in macro networks.
Tervalent Conducting Polymers with Tailor-Made Work Functions:  Preparation, Characterization, and Applications as Cathodes in Electroluminescent Devices (2001)

A series of conducting polymers have been prepared through thermal polymerization of transition-metal diimine complexes. The as-polymerized material is electrochemically converted into its formally zerovalent form. Due to the proximity of the half-wave potentials of the formal 1+/0 and 0/1- couples, there is substantial disproportionation of the redox sites at room temperature, resulting in a conductive tervalent mixed-valent material. The redox processes that give rise to this mixed-valent material are predominantly ligand-based, and therefore are highly sensitive to substitution on the ligand periphery. Solution redox chemistry of the monomer can be used to accurately predict the work function of the corresponding zerovalent conducting polymer, which has been verified by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Many of these materials have especially low work functions (<3.6 eV) making them appropriate materials to use as cathode materials in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Working examples of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III)-based OLEDs have been fabricated using one of these polymers as a cathode.
Scheduling Crude Oil Unloading, Storage, and Processing (2002)

This paper presents a solution algorithm and effective mathematical formulations for short-term scheduling of crude oil unloading, storage, and processing with multiple oil types, multiple berths, and multiple processing units. The problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. However, solving a MINLP model directly results in inconsistency in solution quality and time. This paper proposes a solution algorithm that iteratively solves two mixed-integer linear programming (MIP) models and a nonlinear programming (NLP) model, resulting in better quality, stability, and efficiency than solving the MINLP model directly. The proposed MIP formulations disaggregate the three-dimensional binary decision variables in traditional formulations using two-dimensional binary variables, significantly reduce the total number of binary variables required, and hence improve the overall solution time. For handling large-scale problems, heuristics are included in the formulations to further reduce the solution time. Finally, an industrial case study is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation and solution algorithm.
Measurements of water contact angle on FR4 and polyimide substrates relating electrochemical migration (2013)

Contact angle measurements of water droplets were carried out on fiberglass epoxy resin and polyimide substrates related to water condensation effect as an antecedent process of electrochemical migration. It was shown in our previous paper that water condensation intensity depends mainly on the surface roughness (which determines capillary condensation) and on the heat diffusivity of the substrate material as well. However, not only water condensation intensity has a high impact on electrochemical migration but also the water wettability of the surface. The wettability of the different substrates was estimated by the contact angle calculation using the drop shape method. The results correspond to the surface roughness and heat diffusivity differences of the substrates, thus the time to failure values.
α <sub>2</sub> -Adrenoceptor Blockade Accelerates the Neurogenic, Neurotrophic, and Behavioral Effects of Chronic Antidepressant Treatment (2010)

Slow-onset adaptive changes that arise from sustained antidepressant treatment, such as enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and increased trophic factor expression, play a key role in the behavioral effects of antidepressants. alpha(2)-Adrenoceptors contribute to the modulation of mood and are potential targets for the development of faster acting antidepressants. We investigated the influence of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results indicate that alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists, clonidine and guanabenz, decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis through a selective effect on the proliferation, but not the survival or differentiation, of progenitors. These effects persist in dopamine beta-hydroxylase knock-out (Dbh(-/-)) mice lacking norepinephrine, supporting a role for alpha(2)-heteroceptors on progenitor cells, rather than alpha(2)-autoreceptors on noradrenergic neurons that inhibit norepinephrine release. Adult hippocampal progenitors in vitro express all the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes, and decreased neurosphere frequency and BrdU incorporation indicate direct effects of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor stimulation on progenitors. Furthermore, coadministration of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine with the antidepressant imipramine significantly accelerates effects on hippocampal progenitor proliferation, the morphological maturation of newborn neurons, and the increase in expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor implicated in the neurogenic and behavioral effects of antidepressants. Finally, short-duration (7 d) yohimbine and imipramine treatment results in robust behavioral responses in the novelty suppressed feeding test, which normally requires 3 weeks of treatment with classical antidepressants. Our results demonstrate that alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, expressed by progenitor cells, decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis, while their blockade speeds up antidepressant action, highlighting their importance as targets for faster acting antidepressants.
Linear Tapers in Rectangular Waveguides (Correspondence) (1961)

Recently, the special case of a linear double taper in rectangular Waveguide propagating the TE/sub 10/ mode in vacuum dielectric was examined. Approximate expressions for the reflection coefficient and voltage standing-wave ratio as functions of the taper dimensions and free space wave-length were derived and experimentally verified. This correspondence generalizes the equations to be applicable for wave-guides filled with dielectrics of arbitrary relative permittivity /sub K/. As a matter of convenience, equations are numbered to correspond with similar equations in the referenced paper.