gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal macrophages transfusion in the treatment of chronic postoperative wound infections. (1989)

Four patients with chronic post-operative wound infections and wound gapping that failed to respond to antibiotics were treated by allogeneic macrophage transfusions. No harmful effects were observed following macrophage transfusion and the chronic infections were eradicated in the treated patients with complete healing of wounds. Haemoglobin and white cell count were increased after cell transfusion. It could be concluded that allogeneic macrophage transfusion can combat chronic resistant infections and stimulate both wound healing and haemopoiesis.
An incremental synthesis method for ASIC design (2003)

An incremental synthesis method which enables ASIC designers to incrementally modify their register-transfer-level (RTL) behavior descriptions is described. This synthesis method synthesizes and optimizes only RTL behaviors which have been modified. An incremental synthesis approach reduces the overall synthesis time when an incremental modification has been performed. This synthesis method allows ASIC designers to control the design space exploration more closely.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tracking the Weathering of an Oil Spill with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (2006)

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) was used to investigate the Bouchard 120 oil spill. The latter occurred on April 25, 2003, when the barge Bouchard 120 spilled ∼ 375,000 liters of No. 6 fuel oil into Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. In order to gain a better understanding of the natural processes affecting the fate of the spilled product, we collected and analyzed oil-covered rocks from Nyes Neck beach in North Falmouth, Massachusetts. Here we discuss the data from samples collected on May 9, 2003, and six months later, on November 23, 2003. Along with standard two-dimensional gas chromatographic analysis, we employed unique data-visualization techniques such as difference, ratio, and addition chromatograms to highlight how evaporation, water washing, and biodegradation weathered the spilled oil. These approaches provide a new perspective to studying oil spills and aid attempts to remediate them.
On the Distribution of the Two-Sample Cramer-von Mises Criterion (1962)

The Cramer-von Mises $\omega^2$ criterion for testing that a sample, $x_1, \cdots, x_N$, has been drawn from a specified continuous distribution $F(x)$ is \begin{equation*}\tag{1}\omega^2 = \int^\infty_{-\infty} \lbrack F_N(x) - F(x)\rbrack^2 dF(x),\end{equation*} where $F_N(x)$ is the empirical distribution function of the sample; that is, $F_N(x) = k/N$ if exactly $k$ observations are less than or equal to $x(k = 0, 1, \cdots, N)$. If there is a second sample, $y_1, \cdots, y_M$, a test of the hypothesis that the two samples come from the same (unspecified) continuous distribution can be based on the analogue of $N\omega^2$, namely \begin{equation*}\tag{2} T = \lbrack NM/(N + M)\rbrack \int^\infty_{-\infty} \lbrack F_N(x) - G_M(x)\rbrack^2 dH_{N+M}(x),\end{equation*} where $G_M(x)$ is the empirical distribution function of the second sample and $H_{N+M}(x)$ is the empirical distribution function of the two samples together [that is, $(N + M)H_{N+M}(x) = NF_N(x) + MG_M(x)\rbrack$. The limiting distribution of $N\omega^2$ as $N \rightarrow \infty$ has been tabulated [2], and it has been shown ([3], [4a], and [7]) that $T$ has the same limiting distribution as $N \rightarrow \infty, M \rightarrow \infty$, and $N/M \rightarrow \lambda$, where $\lambda$ is any finite positive constant. In this note we consider the distribution of $T$ for small values of $N$ and $M$ and present tables to permit use of the criterion at some conventional significance levels for small values of $N$ and $M$. The limiting distribution seems a surprisingly good approximation to the exact distribution for moderate sample sizes (corresponding to the same feature for $N\omega^2$ [6]). The accuracy of approximation is better than in the case of the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic studied by Hodges [4].
The Mechanical Stability of Propped Hydraulic Fractures: A Numerical Study (1995)

Summary Proppant is sometimes produced along with hydrocarbons in hydraulically fractured petroleum wells. Sometimes 10% to 20% of the proppant is backproduced, which can lead to damaged equipment and downtime. Furthermore, proppant flowback can lead to a substantial loss of fracture conductivity. A numerical study was conducted to help understand what conditions are likely to lead to proppant flowback. In the simulations, the mechanical interaction of a large number (several thousand) individual proppant grains was modeled with a distinct-element-type code. The numerical simulations show that hydraulic fractures propped with cohesionless, unbonded proppant fail under closure stress at a critical ratio of mean grain diameter to fracture width. This is consistent with published laboratory studies. The simulations identify the mechanism (arch failure) that triggers the mechanical instability and also show that the primary way that drawdowns (less than ˜75 psi/ft) affect proppant flowback is to transport loose proppant grains in front of the stable arch to the wellbore. Drawdowns &gt;75 psi/ft are sufficient to destabilize the arch and to cause progressive failure of the propped fractures. Introduction Proppant back production can significantly affect well economics because of (1) loss of fracture conductivity [unpropped sections of fractures tend to close under stress (Figs.1 and 2)], (2) the damage it inflicts on equipment (i.e., abrasion of pumps, casing, and wellhead), and (3) downtime and expense required to clean up the wellbore. Refs. 1 through 3 address technical issues involved in the flowback of proppant. Ref. 1 presents experimental data that show how various properties and conditions (e.g., closure stress, fracture width, proppant embedment in the fracture walls, grain-size distribution, relative inclination of the fracture walls, and drawdown) affect the mechanical stability of cohesionless, unbonded proppant packs. It also raises fundamental questions regarding the process of proppant production (e.g., why does the transition from stability to instability occur over a narrow range of fracture widths and why do proppant packs in the laboratory fail at much smaller fracture widths than are known to exist in the field). A numerical study presented in this paper addresses some of these fundamental questions. The objectives of the study are to help understand the mechanical process of proppant back production and to show how various field conditions and proppant properties affect the propensity for proppant flowback. This is accomplished by means of numerical simulations of proppant on a grain-size scale.
Release Rate Model for Developing Fires (1983)

A mathematical model for predicting the course of a developing fire in a compartment is described. The model uses release rate data obtained from laboratory-scale tests to calculate the rate of heat and smoke generation within the compartment. From these data, the model predicts rate of involvement of combustible surfaces, upper layer temperatures, and smoke concentration as a function of time. The model is described by relationships used to determine: (i) ignition and rate of vertical fire propagation, (ii) release rates based on total heat released and incident flux, and (ii) heat losses by venting and accumulation within the boundaries of the compartment. Results of predicted by the model and observed in full-scale tests of furnished compartments are compared.
An Improved Preparation of Oxazolidin-2-one Chiral Auxiliaries (1997)

Reduction of carbamate-blocked amino esters by lithium borohydride (made in situ from sodium borohydride and lithium iodide) forms chiral 4-substituted oxazolidin-2-ones directly. The presence of iodide in the reaction mixture appears to promote the cyclization of the intermediate alkoxyborohydride. This provides a route to these important chiral auxiliaries, employing less hazardous reagents and simpler reaction conditions than do most existing methods.
Performance analysis and simulation of vehicle-beacon communications protocols (2003)

Due to relatively short communication zones, the data link protocols being developed or proposed for vehicle-beacon communications must be carefully evaluated by analysis and simulation, taking antenna configurations, geometry, propagation, and channel characteristics into account. Different methods for media access control and recovering algorithms after message collision are presented and evaluated. Based on the results from analysis and simulation the optimal system parameters and dimensions can be determined. In addition, it is possible to estimate whether not only a single application (e.g., automatic debiting) but several other RTI applications (e.g., route guidance, parking management, etc.) can be supported by a multiservice beacon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Einleitung (1994)

Warum in Deutschland auf Bundesebene keine unmittelbare Demokratie stattfindet, könnte als Allerweltsfrage mißverstanden werden, denn was gibt es im Staatsleben nicht alles nicht? Erst die Formulierung: warum auf der Ebene des deutschen Gesamtstaates direkte Demokratie nicht mehr praktiziert wird, offenbart die Brisanz der hier gestellten Frage. Denn es gab diese Form der Volksherrschaft in der Weimarer Zeit, aber sie besteht nicht mehr, und wie immer die dazwischenliegende Entscheidung bezeichnet wird: Abschaffung, Überwindung, Streichung oder Verzicht -, überein stimmen sie in einer fundamentalen Konsequenz: ein solcher Entschluß zum „Nicht mehr“ muß, anders als ein „Von vornherein nicht“, begründet sein. Da zudem auf den ersten Blick dieses „Nicht mehr“ als demokratischer Rückschritt erscheint — keine Abstimmungen, nur noch Wahlen, keine Sach-, bloß noch Personalentscheidungen —, darf man besonders triftige Gründe erwarten.
Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) - prediction of response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) by kinase activity profiling of pre-CRT tumor biopsies (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

3629 

The LARC term encompasses rectal tumors that grow through the rectal wall to an extent that precludes surgical removal with sufficient microscopic margins (R0 resection). Correlates by TNM classification are T3 tumors with narrow margins towards the mesorectal fascie and T4 tumors. Preoperative CRT intends to achieve down-staging of the tumor for subsequent R0 resection but may cause damage to healthy tissues, which confers the risk of short- and long-term complications. Importantly, the CRT response varies greatly from complete response, with no remaining tumor cells in the surgical specimen, to lack of objective response. For these reasons, it would be useful to select and treat only those patients likely to benefit from preoperative CRT. We have hypothesized that the intrinsic biology of the individual tumor determines CRT response, and this prospectively designed study has aimed at identifying molecular profiles of pre-CRT tumor biopsies that may correlate to individual CRT responses assessed by Tumor Regression Grade (TRG). Multiplex profiling of kinase activity in tumor biopsies is performed using flow-through microarrays with peptide substrates, mainly tyrosine (Tyrosine Kinase PamChip® arrays; www.pamgene.com), a technological platform that allows rapid, real-time measurements of phosphopeptide signatures generated by biological samples. The surgical specimens from the first 50 study patients who have completed preoperative CRT to 50 Gy (in daily 2-Gy fractions) with weekly oxaliplatin and daily capecitabine as radiosensitizers have shown responses spanning from TRG 1 (complete tumor regression) to TRG 5 (no tumor regression). Kinase activity profiling of pre-CRT tumor biopsies is ongoing and will be presented. Although preoperative CRT is emerging as the gold standard of rectal cancer management, currently, there are no clinically useful predictors of response, and we will evaluate our approach of identifying kinase activity profiles to predict CRT response in LARC.
Functional Imaging of Legumain in Cancer Using a New Quenched Activity-Based Probe (2012)

Legumain is a lysosomal cysteine protease whose biological function remains poorly defined. Legumain activity is up-regulated in most human cancers and inflammatory diseases most likely as the result of high expression in populations of activated macrophages. Within the tumor microenvironment, legumain activity is thought to promote tumorigenesis. To obtain a greater understanding of the role of legumain activity during cancer progression and inflammation, we developed an activity-based probe that becomes fluorescent only upon binding active legumain. This probe is highly selective for legumain, even in the context of whole cells and tissues, and is also a more effective label of legumain than previously reported probes. Here we present the synthesis and application of our probe to the analysis of legumain activity in primary macrophages and in two mouse models of cancer. We find that legumain activity is highly correlated with macrophage activation and furthermore that it is an ideal marker for primary tumor inflammation and early stage metastatic lesions.
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency (2003)

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is a common cause of macrocytic anemia and has been implicated in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders. The role of B12 deficiency in hyperhomocysteinemia and the promotion of atherosclerosis is only now being explored. Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency is typically based on measurement of serum vitamin B12 levels; however, about 50 percent of patients with subclinical dis- ease have normal B12 levels. A more sensitive method of screening for vitamin B12 defi- ciency is measurement of serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels, which are increased early in vitamin B12 deficiency. Use of the Schilling test for detection of pernicious anemia has been supplanted for the most part by serologic testing for pari- etal cell and intrinsic factor antibodies. Contrary to prevailing medical practice, studies show that supplementation with oral vitamin B12 is a safe and effective treatment for the B12 deficiency state. Even when intrinsic factor is not present to aid in the absorp- tion of vitamin B12 (pernicious anemia) or in other diseases that affect the usual absorption sites in the terminal ileum, oral therapy remains effective. (Am Fam Physi- cian 2003;67:979-86,993-4. Copyright© 2003 American Academy of Family Physicians.)
Extensions of Laplacian Eigenmaps for Manifold Learning (2011)

This thesis deals with the theory and practice of manifold learning, especially as they relate to the problem of classification. We begin with a well known algorithm, Laplacian Eigenmaps, and then proceed to extend it in two independent directions. First, we generalize this algorithm to allow for the use of partially labeled data, and establish the theoretical foundation of the resulting semi-supervised learning method. Second, we consider two ways of accelerating the most computationally intensive step of Laplacian Eigenmaps, the construction of an adjacency graph. Both of them produce high quality approximations, and we conclude by showing that they work well together to achieve a dramatic reduction in computational time.
Semiconductor optical amplifiers for reconfigurable optical networks (Invited) (2007)

Feature Issue on Transmission in Optically Transparent Core NetworksThe properties of semiconductor optical amplifiers offer new strategies for building dynamic optical networks. Three key characteristics are its coverage of the full range of wavelengths that are accessible using semiconductor source lasers, a transient response that enables wavelength add/drop without the need for external transient control, and the possibility of direct modulation, which enables its use as a switch in packet networks.
Hexacoordinate Planar Main Group Atoms Centered in Hexagonal Hydrocopper Complexes Cu<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>X (X = Si, P, As) (2004)

Ab initio theoretical evidence of hexacoordinate planar main group atoms centered in hexagonal hydrocopper complexes Cu(6)H(6)X (X = Si, P, As) is presented at the density functional theory level in this work. The results obtained extend the bonding capacity of silicon, phosphorus, and arsenic to planar hexacoordination in hydrocopper complexes which are important in fundamental research and may shed new insight into catalyst chemistry.
Micro-digestion and ICP-AES analysis for the determination of macro and micro elements in plant tissues (1996)

A simple automated micro-digestion and analysis method was developed for the determination of 17 elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb, P, and S) in plant tissue samples (i.e., feed, forage, crops). A 0.25-1.0 g sample was digested with nitric acid in a 10-mL graduated Kimax culture tube on a programmed heating block. Each element was quantified by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The digestion and analysis method demonstrated statistical control of environmental and biological samples. In comparison to other commonly used methods the dilution was 10, which is an important consideration for low concentration elements that are near instrument detection limits. The method uses only modest sample sizes, needs infrequent supervision during digestion, requires no further extractions or quantitative trans fers, and is amenable to autosampling. The ICP-AES operational parameters have been optimized to allow for the quantification of the above elements in 10-mL plant samples. The small sample size minimizes reagents used and their subsequent waste disposal.
Preliminary report on household contact studies of the prevention of pertussis in Japanese children by Takeda diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine combined. (1988)

Acellular pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and adsorbed onto an aluminum salt (AcPDT) have been used exclusively in Japan for the immunization of children since 1981. (Interagency Report 2), 1987; Kimura et al. 1), 1985) Immunization of children is initiated at two years of age with a booster dose one year later. Morbidity and mortality rates from pertussis, which had steadily increased since 1975 because of poor acceptance of the whole cell preparation, have declined since widespread use of AcPDT (Kimura, 1985). The apparent efficacy of AcPDT has also been demonstrated by several household contact studies in which rates of pertussis in immunized and unimmunized children exposed to the disease in their own homes were determined. In these studies vaccine efficacy ranged between 78 and 93 percent (Interagency Report). However, there are six different manufacturers of AcPDT in Japan, and their products vary in antigenic constituents. One manufacturer produces AcPDT that contains about 50 percent pertussis toxoid and 50 percent filamentous hemagglutinin (B-type AcPDT). Four manufacturers market vaccines that contain predominantly FHA, approximately 10 percent pertussis toxoid, and approximately one percent agglutinogens (T-type AcPDT). The sixth product comprises pertussis toxoid and FHA in amounts that are intermediate between the B- and T-types. With the exception of one small study (Aoyama, 1988) all of the Japanese studies have considered these AcPDT products as a group, and accordingly product-specific information concerning efficacy is not available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A human whole blood model of LPS-mediated suppression of T cell activation. (2003)

The human whole blood model of LPS-mediated T lymphocyte suppression described in this paper is time and cost efficient, as well as easy to use.
Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Monoclonal Antibodies<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1985)

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and type 2 (BPV-2) are the etiologic agents of fibropapillomas in cattle. Polyclonal antisera produced against BPV-1 structural antigens are cross-reactive with BPV-2. In this study BPV-1 type-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced that were not reactive with BPV-2. These monoclonal antibodies could be used for identification of BPV-1 structural antigens in acetone-fixed, frozen sections by immunofluorescence and Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections by immunoperoxidase techniques. In addition, these antibodies could be used for identification and purification of BPV-1 virions by immune electron microscopy and immunoadsorption techniques, respectively.
Model Development and Simulations of 12V Dual Batteries towards Design Optimization of Microhybrid Vehicles (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The microhybrid electric vehicle (MHEV) has increasingly received attention since it holds promise for significant increases in fuel economy vs. traditional gasoline vehicles at a lower price point than hybrid vehicles. Passive parallel connection of the traditional 12V lead acid battery and a high power lithium ion battery has been identified as a potential architecture that will facilitate fuel economy improvements with minimal changes to the electrical network. Enabling a passive dual-battery connection requires a design match between the two batteries, including characteristics such as battery size and resistance, so that the performance can be optimized. In this work we have developed a hybrid model that couples electrochemical model of lithium ion battery (NMC-Graphite as an example) and an equivalent circuit model of lead acid battery in order to study the behavior of 12V dual-battery microhybrid architectures. We have analyzed variables that may affect the battery performance such as battery size, cutoff voltage, operating voltage and system resistance. The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) is used to examine the 12V dual-battery architecture in order to demonstrate the tradeoffs between design factors considered in this work.</div></div>
The Electrochemical Oxidation of Copper Lactate (1937)

The work of Smull and Subkow on the electrolytic oxidation of copper lactate in the presence of high concentrations of copper nitrate was repeated. A study also was made of the effect of the copper nitrate alone on the oxidation of the copper lactate without the use of the current. Above a temperature of 60° C. the oxidations both with and without passage of electric current produced an insoluble copper precipitate. This precipitate was identified as impure copper oxalate and was not copper pyruvate as the above‐mentioned workers had reported. The effect of variation of time, temperature, and concentration on the oxidation of copper lactate by copper nitrate solution was noted. The course of the reaction was studied by the use of quantitative methods. In absence of an electric current no reaction took place below 60° C. Above that temperature, oxidation of the copper lactate by copper nitrate solution occurred; carbon dioxide, acetic acid, and oxalic acid were produced. The carbon dioxide produced closely paralleled the oxalic acid formation and indicated that the two were formed from the same molecule of lactic acid. Below 60° C. the products of the electrochemical oxidation were carbon dioxide, acetic acid, and acetaldehyde. Above that temperature the joint action of the anodic oxygen and the copper nitrate solution caused the formation of carbon dioxide and oxalic acid.
Two Religions. A comparative Study of some distinctive Ideas and Ideals in Hinduism and Christianity: being the Croall Lectures for 1948. By John Mackenzie, C.I.E., D.D. Lutterworth Press. 7s. 6d. (1952)

Two Religions. A comparative Study of some distinctive Ideas and Ideals in Hinduism and Christianity: being the Croall Lectures for 1948. By John Mackenzie, C.I.E., D.D. Lutterworth Press. 7s. 6d. - Volume 5 Issue 1