gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of avian leukaemia virus env-gp85 in Spodoptera frugiperda cells by use of a baculovirus expression vector (1990)

We studied the genetic expression of gp85 of avian leukaemia virus (ALV) subgroup A in a baculovirus/insect cell system. 5'terminal sequences of the gag gene were added to precede the ALV gp85 sequence and a stop codon was introduced at the boundary of gp85 and gp37. The resulting construct was then cloned into the baculovirus transfer vector pAcYM1, which contains the polyhedrin promoter of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). Cells of the insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) were cotransfected with the resulting recombinant transfer vector pAc85 and infectious AcNPV/E2 DNA. After cotransfection, recombinant baculovirus that lacked the polyhedrin gene and expressed gp85 was selected from the supernatant and used to infect Sf9 cells. The expression of the gp85 gene peaked 3 days after infection, but expression products were not released into the culture medium even though the signal peptide had been cleaved. Owing to incomplete N-glycosylation in the insect cells the largest gp85 product had an Mr of only 65,000. In immunofluorescence tests and immunoblots the recombinant gp85 products reacted with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against ALV gp85 of subgroup A. Chickens inoculated with crude lysates of Sf9 cells infected with gp85-expressing recombinant baculovirus developed antibodies directed against ALV gp85. These antibodies were not capable of neutralizing ALV.
How accurate is a woman's diagnosis of threatened preterm delivery? (1990)

During a 1-year period all women entering hospital with signs or symptoms that could herald preterm delivery were studied. The primary complaints of these 178 women were contractions in 70, watery discharge in 59, bloody discharge in 33, and abdominal pain in 16. These complaints were considered as confirmed threats of preterm delivery if the woman was delivered or received tocolysis within 48 h (n = 63; 35%); they were labelled as an unconfirmed threat if the woman was allowed to return home without further action within 48 h (n = 45; 25%). Overall, 75% of the women were correct in their estimation that something was wrong in that they either gave birth or were admitted for greater than 48 h for diagnostic or therapeutic measures. Parity had only a small influence on women's predictive ability. It is concluded that efforts to increase women's awareness of the significance of various symptoms are not likely to contribute much to improvement in the early diagnosis of preterm labour. Greater effect can be anticipated from the development of methods to differentiate between contractions that will or will not lead to early delivery.
Edible applications of shellac oleogels: spreads, chocolate paste and cakes (2014)

We demonstrate three potential edible applications of shellac oleogels as (i) a continuous oil phase for preparation of emulsifier-free, structured w/o emulsions (spreads), (ii) a replacer for oil-binders in chocolate paste formulations and (iii) a shortening alternative for cake preparation. Water-in-oil emulsions with up to 60 wt% water were prepared without the need for an emulsifier by simply using shellac oleogels as the continuous oil phase. The water droplets in these emulsions (size < 40 μm) were stabilized via interfacial and bulk crystallization of shellac. Chocolate paste prepared by complete replacement of an oil-binder and a partial replacement of palm oil (∼27%) with a shellac oleogel, showed no sign of 'oiling-out' when stored at elevated temperature (30 °C) for several weeks. Further, cakes prepared using oleogel-based w/o emulsions (20 wt% water) as a shortening alternative showed comparable functionalities (texture and sensory attributes) to the standard cake.
1244 (2012)

Case Reports: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving therapy for refractory acute respiratory failure. We present a case of a 30 year old pregnant woman with preeclampsia who was successfully resuscitated from refractory hypoxic respiratory failure resulting from rheumatic mitral stenosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case where ECMO was successfully used in a patient with acute respiratory failure due to rheumatic heart disease. Our patient, 37 weeks pregnant, presented to the emergency department with acute shortness of breath. She denied any significant past medical history. Her previous 5 pregnancies were uneventful. On presentation, her oxygen saturation was 92% on 3 liters per minute of supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula. Clinical examination revealed bilateral scattered crackles and expiratory wheezes. Over a period of 8 hours she rapidly developed severe hypoxemia. Chest X-rays showed rapid progression to a complete airspace opacification.After intubation, standard mechanical ventilation with volume and pressure control modes were unable to maintain oxygen saturation > 88%, and airway pressure release ventilation was initiated. An emergent caesarian section was then performed due to fetal distress. After the procedure, hypoxemia worsened requiring continued manual bagging as she could not tolerate the ventilator. She was started on ECMO via a veno-venous circuit via the Right IJ 23 Fr Avalon cannula. She had significant improvement in her oxygenation after being placed on ECMO. Trans-esophageal echocardiogram showed findings consistent with moderate rheumatic mitral stenosis. The mitral valve pressure gradient was 11 mm Hg and the mitral valve area was 1.4 cm2. She was subsequently weaned off ECMO on day 7 and extubated 2 days later. She was discharged home along with a healthy baby on day 15.This case illustrates that ECMO may be successful in pregnant patients with severe refractory pulmonary edema from rheumatic valvular heart disease, who do not respond favorably to conventional ventilation.
The Surface Tension of Solids (1966)

Abstract The surface tension of a solid, unlike that of a liquid, cannot be measured directly. After a discussion of the most important methods used so far, all of which are subject to uncertainty the determination of the surface tension of solids from the wetting equilibrium is described.
Model-free methods of analyzing domain motions in proteins from simulation: A comparison of normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics simulation of lysozyme (1997)

Model-free methods are introduced to determine quantities pertaining to protein domain motions from normal mode analyses and molecular dynamics simulations. For the normal mode analysis, the methods are based on the assumption that in low frequency modes, domain motions can be well approximated by modes of motion external to the domains. To analyze the molecular dynamics trajectory, a principal component analysis tailored specifically to analyze interdomain motions is applied. A method based on the curl of the atomic displacements is described, which yields a sharp discrimination of domains, and which defines a unique interdomain screw-axis. Hinge axes are defined and classified as twist or closure axes depending on their direction. The methods have been tested on lysozyme. A remarkable correspondence was found between the first normal mode axis and the first principal mode axis, with both axes passing within 3 A of the alpha-carbon atoms of residues 2, 39, and 56 of human lysozyme, and near the interdomain helix. The axes of the first modes are overwhelmingly closure axes. A lesser degree of correspondence is found for the second modes, but in both cases they are more twist axes than closure axes. Both analyses reveal that the interdomain connections allow only these two degrees of freedom, one more than provided by a pure mechanical hinge.
Energy Minimizing Bases for Efficient Multiscale Modeling and Linear Solvers in Reservoir Simulation (2009)

Abstract We demonstrate the applicability of energy minimizing bases for two-phase flow simulations, and we highlight several advantageous properties that they possess. We show how they can be implemented to obtain efficient serial (algebraic multigrid) and parallel (Additive Schwarz with coarse space correction) linear solvers for large-scale heterogeneous problems. We also confirm with experiments that using such bases for coarsening a problem produces a numerical solution of quality comparable to that of other available multiscale techniques. Finally, we also indicate how different coarsening levels can be used in different regions, in order to keep a finer resolution near certain areas of interest and significantly coarser resolution elsewhere. A multilevel approach is adopted to efficiently construct the basis functions for the coarser resolution.
Private Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extensions for Media Authorization (2003)

This document describes the need for Quality of Service (QoS) and media authorization and defines a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) extension that can be used to integrate QoS admission control with call signaling and help guard against denial of service attacks. The use of this extension is only applicable in administrative domains, or among federations of administrative domains with previously agreed-upon policies, where both the SIP proxy authorizing the QoS, and the policy control of the underlying network providing the QoS, belong to that administrative domain or federation of domains.
Physical Chemical Studies of the Structure and Function of Dna Binding (Helix-Destabilizing) Proteins (1980)

Binding of proteins to DNA is fundamental to the mechanisms of replication, recombination and gene expression. The specific molecular features of DNA recognized by complementary features of the three-dimensional structure of the DNA binding proteins are under intensive investigation. Two large classes of DNA binding proteins have emerged. One class includes enzymes such as the RNA polymerases and restriction endonucleases and the nonenzymatic repressor proteins which recognize unique sequences present in only one or a few copies per genome. A second group is made up of non-sequence-specific DNA binding proteins which bind to DNA at high density and modulate subsequent enzymatic transformations of the DNA. Among the latter group are those proteins originally termed "unwinding proteins", which have in common a higher affinity for single-stranded than for double-stranded DNA and thus promote the melting of double-stranded DNA. They are better termed helix-destabilizing proteins to distinguish them from the enzymes which "unwind" the helix by making and breaking phosphodiester bonds. Because the helix-destabilizing proteins form complexes with all single-stranded DNA regardless of base sequence, the molecular details of complex formation have been much more accessible to direct physicochemical measurements. Structural conclusions derived with techniques which include chemical modification, ultraviolet spectroscopy, circular dichroism, NMR, and X-ray diffraction will be reviewed. The following proteins will be discussed in detail; the gene 32 protein of bacteriophage T4, the gene 5 protein from bacteriophage fd, and the helix-destabilizing protein from E. coli. The largest amount of specific structural information is available for the gene 5 protein and specific models for this protein and its complexes with DNA based on NMR and X-ray diffraction data are presented. A number of other helix-destabilizing proteins from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been described and a survey of these will be given. Some of the basic molecular features of DNA-protein interactions emerging from studies of the helix-destabilizing proteins are likely to be shared by the more highly specific binding proteins like the RNA polymerases and repressors. Properties of some of these more complex systems which suggest this will be discussed.
Microwave Radiations for Heat-Setting of Polyester Fibers (2009)

The use of radio and microwave frequency is gaining importance for industrial applications such as heating, drying, and other processing. The most important advantage of using microwave is that it is non-contact or localized heating and the heat is produced within the material. This can be much more effective than indirect heating where the heat propagation is by heat conduction through the material. We have been investigating the influence of microwave radiation on different fibers for the last few years. In the present investigation we used microwave frequency of 2450 MHz to investigate its effect on polyester fibers. The polyester fibers were heat set in air as well as a liquid, which acted as a lossy substances. The liquid was chosen on the basis of earlier experiments, which showed the maximum effect. A comparative study was also carried out using conventional heating in silicone oil. Using the method of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) we calculated the changes in % crystallinity and orientation. It was found that as the time of treatment under microwave radiation increased from 15 sec. to 120 sec. the order factor was found to increase from 0.32 to 0.71. The crystalline orientation as determined from the azimuthal scan was also found to increase. Such structural changes can be highly beneficial for the processing of fabric in industry. The microwave radiation process is fast, reliable and energy saving.
Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. 77. Zur Bildung von Carbosilanen aus Methylsilanen (1980)

Abstract Es wird über die bei der Pyrolyse des me 3 SiH, me 2 SiH 2 und meSiH 3 entstehenden Verbindungen berichtet. Es wurden Umsetzungen des Sime 4 und der genannten Methyl silane im Plasma durchgeführt, um die dabei gebildeten Verbindungen mit denen aus der Pyrolyse zu vergleichen. Die Pyrolyse des me 3 SiH und me 2 SiH 2 führt im wesentlichen zu gleichen Gruppen von Carbosilanen, die bereits über die Zersetzung des Sime 4 zugänglich wurden, wenn die Betrachtung auf Verbindungen mit maximal vier Si‐Atomen beschränkt bleibt. Die Hauptprodukte aus der me 3 SiH‐Pyrolyse sind cyclische Carbosilane, und unter diesen werden die 1,3,5‐Trisilacyclohexane und 1,3,5,7‐Tetrasilaadamantane bevorzugt gebildet. Beim me 2 SiH 2 dominieren die linearen Vertreter, 1,3‐Disilapropane. Dies wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß diese bei der gewählten experimentellen Anordnung nicht mehr der weiteren Umsetzung zugeführt wurden. Bei der meSiH 3 ‐Pyrolyse entsteht neben geringen Anteilen meH 2 SiSiH 2 me ein gelber fester Stoff. Im Vergleich zu den Verbindungen aus der Sime 4 ‐Pyrolyse sind die aus me 3 SiH und me 2 SiH 2 erhaltenen Carbosilane SiH‐reicher. Bei der Zersetzung des Sime 4 im Plasma entstehen ebenfalls bevorzugt Carbosilane, aber es überwiegen anteilmäßig die linearen Verbindungen mit zwei und drei Si‐Atomen.
A longitudinal study of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the exhaled breath of healthy volunteers using selected‐ion flow‐tube mass spectrometry (2005)

Selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has been used to monitor the volatile compounds in the exhaled breath of 30 volunteers (19 male, 11 female) over a 6-month period. Volunteers provided breath samples each week between 8:45 and 13:00 (before lunch), and the concentrations of several trace compounds were obtained. In this paper the focus is on ethanol and acetaldehyde, which were simultaneously quantified by SIFT-MS using H3O+ precursor ions. The mean ethanol level for all samples was 196 parts-per-billion (ppb) with a standard deviation of 244 ppb, and the range of values for breath samples analysed is 0 to 1663 ppb. The mean acetaldehyde level for all samples was 24 ppb with a standard deviation of 17 ppb, and the range of values for breath samples analysed is 0 to 104 ppb. Background (ambient air) levels of ethanol were around 50 ppb, whereas any background acetaldehyde was usually undetectable. Increased ethanol levels were observed if sweet drink/food had been consumed within the 2 h prior to providing the breath samples, but no increase was apparent when alcohol had been consumed the previous evening. The measured endogenous breath ethanol and acetaldehyde levels were not correlated. These data relating to healthy individuals are a prelude to using breath analysis for clinical diagnosis, for example, the recognition of bacterial overload in the gut (ethanol) or the possibly of detecting tumours in the body (acetaldehyde).
Factors Affecting the Choice between Prepaid Group Practice and Alternative Insurance Programs (1975)

This paper examines the basis for the selection of prepaid group practice in a dual-choice situation, and the social, attitudinal, and health characteristics of populations choosing prepaid programs in contrast to other plans. When asked in an open-ended way why they made the decisions they did, those selecting prepaid group practice most frequently referred to the more comprehensive coverage provided and to the fact that at the time of choice they lacked a continuing or adequate relationship with a physician. Enrollees in the prepaid program were better educated and, contrary to previous research, more likely to be unmarried. There was little evidence that enrollees in the prepaid plan brought with them distinctive kinds of attitudes and orientations toward illness and medical care. Enrollees in the prepaid program were also comparable to those retaining an alternative health insurance option on a number of indicators of health status. However, prepaid practice enrollees tended to report more chronic conditions than persons who declined to enroll in the prepaid program. Although the overrepresentation of persons with chronic illnesses is not large, data drawn from a related study suggests that persons with several chronic conditions tend to be heavy users of medical services.
Does ambulatory blood pressure monitoring improve the diagnosis of secondary hypertension? (1990)

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring can determine the average blood pressure level and the short- and long-term blood pressure variability (circadian rhythm). The circadian blood pressure rhythm appears to be mediated mainly by the circadian rhythm of the sympathetic tone which is linked to changes in physical and mental activity, e.g. the waking-sleeping cycle. A statistically significant circadian blood pressure rhythm was observed in approximately 80% of mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients as well as in normal subjects. However, in patients with Cushing's syndrome, under glucocorticoid treatment, or with hyperthyroidism, central and/or peripheral autonomic dysfunction (Shy-Drager syndrome, spinal cord injury, brainstem lesions, diabetic neuropathy, uremic neuropathy, etc), chronic renal failure, eclampsia, malignant hypertension, sleep apnea syndrome or systemic atherosclerosis, the normal circadian blood pressure rhythm appears to be eliminated or reversed, while in those with primary aldosteronism, renovascular hypertension, pheochromocytoma without paroxysmal hypertension, diabetes insipidus, acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism or hyperprolactinemia, the nocturnal blood pressure fall has been observed as in normal subjects. The alteration in the circadian blood pressure rhythm was observed with different pathophysiological conditions, although no specific pattern was observed for any condition. A disturbance in any part of the hierarchy of factors that regulate the circadian rhythm of sympathetic neural tone seems to disturb the circadian blood pressure rhythm. We conclude that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is not critically important in the diagnosis of secondary hypertension although it does help in screening for secondary hypertension.
Porosity of Ceramics: Properties and Applications (1998)

Introduction to the microstructural dependence of properties introduction to, and perspective on, the porosity dependence of properties porosity dependence of elastic properties at low to moderate temperatures porosity dependence of fracture energy and toughness, and related crack propagnation at 22C porosity dependence of tensile strength and reliability at low to moderate temperatures porosity dependence of hardness, compressive strength, wear and related properties at low to moderate temperatures porosity dependence of thermal and electrical conductivities and other nonmechanical properties at low to moderate temperatures porosity dependence of mechanical and other physical properties of related materials at 22C porosity dependence of properties at higher temperatures, including effects of porosity on thermal shock summary of porosity dependence, NDE, applications and engineering of porous ceramics.
Rhodium-Mediated Asymmetric Hydroformylation with a Novel Bis(diazaphospholidine) Ligand (2000)

A gas pressure of only 8 bar is required for the effective asymmetric hydroformylation of vinyl acetate with a new class of rhodium(I) catalysts. Key to successful catalysis is the chiral bis(diazaphospholidine) ligand ESPHOS. With 0.250 mol % of this catalyst, hydroformylation of vinyl acetate was achieved in 90 % yield, a branched:linear ratio of 17.3:1, and 89 % ee (see scheme).
A high performance graphene/few-layer InSe photo-detector (2015)

We fabricated a graphene/few-layer InSe heterostructure photo-detector and solved a recurrent materials problem concerning degradation of ultra-thin atomic layers in air. This heterostructure has a largely enhanced performance explained by its fundamentally different mode of functioning with respect to the corresponding device without graphene.
The Contribution of Mechanistic Understanding to Phenotypic Screening for First-in-Class Medicines (2013)

The level of mechanistic understanding required for drug discovery is a central feature of most strategies. However, an understanding of mechanism is not required for regulatory approval. This paradox is particularly relevant to the role of phenotypic assays in drug discovery. A recent analysis revealed that phenotypic drug discovery strategies were more successful for first-in-class medicines, whereas target-based molecular strategies were more successful for followers (Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2011, 10, 507-519). The rationale for the success of phenotypic screening was the unbiased identification of the molecular mechanism of action. In this follow-up analysis, the format and mechanistic information used to establish the phenotypic assays that led to the first-in-class small-molecule new molecular entities approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration between 1999 and 2008 were analyzed and compared with those approved in 2012. Not surprisingly, some level of mechanistic understanding was used to select the assay formats and chemicals screened. It is concluded that mechanism takes on different connotations depending on context and perspective and that a target need not always be the exclusive definition of mechanism.
Computing Gaussian Mixture Models with EM Using Side-Information (2003)

Estimation of Gaussian mixture models is an efficient and popular technique for clustering and density estimation. An EM procedure is widely used to estimate the model parameters. In this paper we show how side information in the form of equivalence constraints can be incorporated into this procedure, leading to improved clustering results. Equivalence constraints are prior knowledge concerning pairs of data points, indicating if the points arise from the same source (positive constraint) or from different sources (negative constraint). Such onstraints can be gathered automatically in some learning problems, and are a natural form of supervision in others. We present a closed form EM procedure for handling positive constraints, and a Generalized EM procedure using a Markov net for the incorporation of negative constraints. Using publicly available data sets we demonstrate that such side information may lead to considerable improvement in clustering tasks, and that our algorithm is preferable to another suggested method using this type of side information.
Facial Efference and the Experience of Emotion (1989)

A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More