gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracerebroventricular Passive Immunization. II. Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Neuropeptide Antisera Can Inhibit Neuropeptide Signaling in Peripheral Tissues (1998)

The findings of the preceding article suggest that intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of small amounts (5 l) of antisera to rats may produce effectual immunoneutralization of peptides in blood/tissues outside of the central nervous system (CNS).In the present work we sought to test this hypothesis by determining the titers of corresponding antibodies in jugular venous plasma after icv infusion of three different antisera: a sheep anti-CRF, a rabbit anti-CRF, and a rabbit anti-GnRH.For all antisera tested, corresponding antibodies were detected in systemic plasma within 30 min of icv infusion of 5 l antiserum.By 8 h, blood levels of the corresponding antibodies were similar whether the antisera had been infused icv or iv.When the dilutions of antibodies equivalent to those in systemic
Chemical probes for higher-order structure in RNA. (1980)

Three chemical reactions can probe the secondary and tertiary interactions of RNA molecules in solution. Dimethyl sulfate monitors the N-7 of guanosines and senses tertiary interactions there, diethyl pyrocarbonate detects stacking of adenosines, and an alternate dimethyl sulfate reaction examines the N-3 of cytidines and thus probes base pairing. The reactions work between 0 degrees C and 90 degrees C and at pH 4.5--8.5 in a variety of buffers. As an example we follow the progressive denaturation of yeast tRNAPhe terminally labeled with 32P as the tertiary and secondary structures sequentially melt out. A single autoradiograph of a terminally labeled molecule locates regions of higher-order structure and identifies the bases involved.
Measurements of Equivalence Ratio Fluctuations in a Lean Premixed Prevaporized (LPP) Combustor and Its Correlation to Combustion Instability (2002)

Experimental evidence correlating equivalence ratio fluctuations with combustion instabilities and NOX emissions in a jet-A fueled lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) combustor utilizing a non-proprietary ‘generic’ fuel injector is presented. Real-time laser absorption measurements of equivalence ratio, together with dynamic combustor pressure, flame luminosity and fuel pressure were obtained at inlet air conditions up to 16.7 atm and 817 K. From this data, an extensive database of real-time variables was obtained for the purposes of providing validation data for future studies of LPP combustion modeling. In addition, time and frequency space analysis of the data revealed measurable levels of acoustic coupling between all variables. Equivalence ratio and dynamic pressure cross-correlations were found to predict the level of combustion instability. Furthermore, NOX production was found to follow the root-mean-square (RMS) flame luminosity and RMS combustor dynamic pressure. However, the unmixedness of the fuel-air mixture was not found to predict NOX production in this combustor. The generic LPP injector, although not optimized for low-emissions or combustion stability, provides some of the essential features of real injectors for the purposes of studying the relationship between fluctuations in equivalence ratios and combustion instability. In particular, the fuel premixer advection time was found to have a significant and direct impact on the level of combustion instability. The results of this work support the time-lag concept for avoiding combustion instability when designing injector/premixers in LPP combustors.
Phase transition and decomposition of 90% hydrogen peroxide at high pressures (1999)

Physical and chemical changes of 90 wt% hydrogen peroxide have been investigated to pressures of 12 GPa by using a diamond-anvil cell, synchrotron x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Hydrogen peroxide freezes at 1.5 GPa and ambient temperature into a tetragonal structure (P41212, Z=4, denoted as H2O2-I. This is the same transition that has previously been reported in this material at 253 K. The unit cell parameters at 6.3 GPa are a=3.759 Å, c=7.397 Å, and V=15.74 cm3/mol, representing 21% compression from that at ambient pressure. H2O2-I has been found to transform into a high pressure phase H2O2-II at 7.5 GPa, and it decomposes into water and oxygen at the onset of melting, which may be incongruent. In contrast to water, hydrogen peroxide exhibits a relatively simple polymorphism and a positive initial slope of the melting curve at high pressures.
CrkII regulates focal adhesion kinase activation by making a complex with Crk-associated substrate, p130 <sup>Cas</sup> (2004)

CrkII is an adaptor protein possessing oncogenic potential despite the lack of an enzymatic domain. We investigated here the physiological functions of CrkII by studying its ability to induce anchorage-independent cell growth. We found that inhibition or null mutation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) blocked the anchorage-independent growth induced by CrkII overexpression, indicating that FAK is a critical determinant of the transforming activity of CrkII. CrkII overexpression enhanced the autophosphorylation of FAK at Tyr-397 and tyrosine phosphorylation of p130(Cas) (Crk-associated substrate, Cas) upon stimulation of integrin by fibronectin. Moreover, the constitutive phosphorylation of FAK and Cas was observed in CrkII-overexpressing cells, even when they were in the suspended condition, consistent with the ability of CrkII to induce anchorage-independent growth. Using Cas-deficient cells, we showed Cas function to be essential for both the CrkII-induced phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr-397) and anchorage-independent cell growth. The CrkII-induced FAK autophosphorylation depended upon CrkII-Cas complex formation. Furthermore, we showed that CrkII knockdown resulted in defects in integrin-mediated events, such as cell spreading, haptotactic migration, and FAK autophosphorylation. The integrin-mediated FAK autophosphorylation was also reduced in Cas-deficient cells. These results suggest that the CrkII-Cas complex functions in integrin-mediated FAK activation signaling. Our findings show the importance of CrkII in integrin-mediated events, acting upstream of FAK to affect the activation of this kinase, which appears to have a central role in this pathway.
Cooperative Search Algorithm for Multi-UAV in Uncertain Environment (2012)

Cooperative target searching of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) in uncertainty environment is an important research area in multi-VAV cooperative control.The objective of multi-UAV searching is to obtain the information of the searched area,decrease the uncertainty of this area and find the hidden targets as far as possible.An algorithm based on co-evolutionary algorithm(CEA) was proposed.To describe the uncertainty of the region,a Search Probability Map(SPM) was established and the Bayes formula was used for updating it.Then,co-evolutionary genetic algorithm(CEGA) was used for generating the cooperative search path on-line.Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm.
A pseudo-BiCMOS high gain-bandwidth low noise operational amplifier using a Darlington input stage (2002)

A high gain-bandwidth low noise operational amplifier using lateral PNP bipolar transistors in the input stage has been fabricated in a standard 1.2 /spl mu/m digital n-well CMOS process. The op amp has an area of 0.216 mm/sup 2/ with E/sub u/=7.3 nV//spl radic/(Hz), I/sub n/=0.20 pA//spl radic/(Hz), E/sub n/ and I/sub n/ 1/f noise corner frequencies less than 25 Hz, a -3 dB bandwidth of 4.5 MHz with a closed loop gain of 53 dB, a minimum PSRR (DC) of 68 dB, a CMRR (DC) of 100 dB, a minimum output slew rate of 39 V//spl mu/s, and a quiescent current of 2.1 mA at supply voltages of /spl plusmn/2.5 V.
A fully-packaged silicon micromachined piezoresistive accelerometer (2003)

The design and development of a second-generation miniature piezoresistive micromachined accelerometer are presented. Bulk micromachining etching techniques were utilized in the fabrication of the single-crystalline silicon device. The sensor is essentially its own package, consisting of three carefully aligned
Threshold decomposition of gray-scale morphology into binary morphology (1989)

Recently, a superposition property called threshold decomposition and another property called stacking were introduced and shown to apply successfully to gray-scale morphological operations. This property allows gray-scale signals to be decomposed into multiple binary signals. The signals are processed in parallel, and the results are combined to produce the desired gray-scale result. The authors present the threshold decomposition architecture and the stacking property that allows the implementation of this architecture. Gray-scale operations are decomposed into binary operations. This decomposition allows gray-scale morphological operations to be implemented using only logic gates in VLSI architectures that can significantly improve speed as well as give theoretical insight into the operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dissolution of the Rare‐Earth Mineral Bastnaesite by Acidic Amide Ionic Liquid for Recovery of Critical Materials (2015)

Abstract Rare‐earth elements provide the cornerstones to clean sustainable energy and modern technologies such as computers, communications, and transportation. As such, the recovery of rare earths (REs) from minerals such as bastnaesite remains important for modern times. As the light lanthanides (La–Nd) constitute the majority (typically >98.7 %) of the REs in bastnaesite with the heavy REs (Sm–Lu) contributing the remainder (approximately 1.3 %), an enrichment of heavier REs may serve as an effective means of assisting rare‐earth recovery. Such an extractive metallurgy process involving ionic liquids (ILs) leads to an enrichment of heavy REs by nearly an order of magnitude. The acidic IL N , N ‐dimethylacetamidium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (DMAH + NTf 2 – ) in the IL 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIM + NTf 2 – ) dissolves froth flotation bastnaesite, synthetic bastnaesite analogues (RECO 3 F), RE 2 O 3 , and RE 2 (CO 3 ) 3 minerals. An overall reaction for the dissolution of bastnaesite is proposed for this IL system. This IL system may provide the initial stages of a greater RE separation scheme for bastnaesite froth flotation concentrates.
A distributed-feedback fiber-laser-based optical fiber hydrophone system with very high sensitivity (2005)

This paper reports the development of a very compact and very-high sensitivity optical fibre hydrophone system using a distributed-feedback fibre laser with a cavity length of 10cm. A theoretical system design making use of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, homodyne demodulation scheme and digital signal processing is described. At the time of writing, the system is only partially completed; therefore the content of this paper will focus on the distributed-feedback fibre laser sensor head. Results for noise spectrum below 100kHz are presented, as well as discussions on some key issues with designing such hydrophone systems. Although not the intention for the system, initial results also indicate the suitability of the DFBFL for intensity modulated sensing.
A Survey of Image Processing Techniques for Identification of Printing Technology in Document Forensic Perspective (2010)

This paper discusses about various image processing techniques and tools which are available for identification of printing technologies. Printing technology identification and associated problems in document forensics have been projected as challenges in image processing application. Various image processing approaches based on textures, spatial variation, HSV color space, spatial correlation, and feature based on histogram and some of the pattern recognition methods, like gray level cooccurrence matrix, roughness of the text, perimeter of edge are highlighted. This paper devotes more on one of the recent contribution, namely, Gaussian Variogram Model (GVM) for printer classification. General Terms Image processing, Document forensics-printing technique classification, spatial statics
K-best suffix arrays (2007)

Suppose we have a large dictionary of strings. Each entry starts with a figure of merit (popularity). We wish to find the kbest matches for a substring, s, in a dictinoary, dict. That is, grep s dict | sort -n | head -k, but we would like to do this in sublinear time. Example applications: (1) web queries with popularities, (2) products with prices and (3) ads with click through rates. This paper proposes a novel index, k-best suffix arrays, based on ideas borrowed from suffix arrays and kdtrees. A standard suffix array sorts the suffixes by a single order (lexicographic) whereas k-best suffix arrays are sorted by two orders (lexicographic and popularity). Lookup time is between log N and sqrt N.
1,2,3‐Trimethoxypropane and Glycerol Ethers as Bio‐Sourced Solvents from Glycerol. Synthesis by Solvent‐Free Phase‐Transfer Catalysis and Utilization as an Alternative Solvent in Chemical Transformations (2013)

Abstract 1,2,3‐Trimethoxypropane ( 2 ), 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐propanes, and 1‐aryloxy‐2,3‐dimethoxypropanes were prepared in good yields and selectivity by solid–liquid phase‐transfer catalysis in the presence of an inorganic base and an ammonium salt as the phase‐transfer catalyst with no additional solvent. No heating was required, and the synthesis was easily performed under atmospheric pressure on a 150 g scale. For the preparation of 2 , the conversion of glycerol was complete and the selectivity for the expected glycerol trimethylether was above 95 %. This product was utilized as a solvent in organic reactions such as transesterifications between glycerol and vegetable oil, organometallic reactions (Grignard‐ and Barbier‐type reactions), carbon–carbon coupling reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, Heck), and in etherification reactions by dehydrogenative alkylation. The solvent showed interesting properties for the solubilization of polymers.
The effects of cosolutes on protein dynamics: The reversal of denaturant‐induced protein fluctuations by trimethylamine <i>N</i>‐oxide (2006)

The protein stabilizing effects of the small molecule osmolyte, trimethylamine N-oxide, against chemical denaturant was investigated by NMR spin-relaxation measurements and model-free analysis. In the presence of 0.7 M guanidine hydrochloride increased picosecond-nanosecond dynamics are observed in the protein ribonuclease A. These increased fluctuations occur throughout the protein, but the most significant increases in flexibility occur at positions believed to be the first to unfold. Addition of 0.35 M trimethylamine N-oxide to this destabilized form of ribonuclease results in significant rigidification of the protein backbone as assessed by (1)H-(15)N order parameters. Statistically, these order parameters are the same as those measured in native ribonuclease indicating that TMAO reduces the amplitude of backbone fluctuations in a destabilized protein. These data suggest that TMAO restricts the bond vector motions on the protein energy landscape to resemble those motions that occur in the native protein and points to a relation between stability and dynamics in this enzyme.
Evidence that hematopoietic stem cells express mouse c-kit but do not depend on steel factor for their generation. (1992)

The interaction of the mouse c-kit receptor, designated Kit receptor, and steel factor promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular portion of the mouse Kit receptor were established. Five percent to 10% of total bone marrow cells expressed the Kit receptor, and half of them lack the expression of lineage markers. The Kit receptor was expressed on 70-80% of Thy-1.1lo Lin-Sca-1+ cells, which express Thy-1.1 antigen at a low level and constitute approximately 0.05% of adult bone marrow and fetal liver; by previous studies, these cells have been shown to be highly enriched for multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and are the only hematopoietic cell subset with this activity. Spleen colony formation and long-term multilineage reconstitution activities were contained in the Kit+ but not in the Kit- subpopulations of Thy-1lo Lin-Sca-1+ cells from adult bone marrow, suggesting that the Kit receptor is expressed on HSCs from the earliest stage-i.e., pluripotent HSCs. The role of steel factor in the development and self-renewal of HSCs was tested with Sl/Sl homozygote fetuses, which lack genes to encode functional steel factor. They were shown to have 30-40% of the number of HSCs on days 13-15 when compared with normal litermates. However, the absolute number of HSCs increased during fetal development in the Sl/Sl mice. The results suggest that the Kit receptor-steel factor interaction may not be essential for the initiation of hematopoiesis and the self-renewal of (at least) fetal HSCs.
Inhibition of elastase enzyme release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine. (1991)

We studied the effect of aminosugars on the elastase enzyme released from cytochalasin-B treated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and stimulated by F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP). Both N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine can inhibit the release of leukocyte elastase enzyme. N-acetyl-galactosamine was a potent inhibitor of elastase enzyme release in a dose-related fashion. Inhibition ranged from 91.9% up to total inhibition. N-acetyl-glucosamine showed a mild inhibitory effect on elastase enzyme release; however, it too acted in a dose-related fashion. The range of inhibition was 17.17%-8.18%. Mannosamine showed an inhibitory effect in some donors, but this effect was not statistically significant. No effect on elastase enzyme release was shown with other sugars such as D-glucose and L-fucose. These results show that N-acetyl-galactosamine can inhibit the respiratory burst, which suggests that the aminosugars might do more than interfere with the carbohydrate lectin interaction.
Contribution of connexins to the function of the vascular wall (2003)

Gap junction channels provide an enclosed conduit for direct exchanges of signalling molecules, including ions and small metabolites between cells. This system of communication allows cells to monitor the functional state of their neighbours, and is rapidly modulated to continuously adapt to the immediate needs of groups of coupled cells. In the major arteries, endothelial cells may express three connexins isotypes, namely Connexin 37 (Cx37), Cx40 and Cx43, whereas the underlying smooth muscle cells may express Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45. Moreover, myoendothelial gap junctions have also been shown to be involved in the regulation of vascular tone. This review highlights the regulation of vessel connexins in response to injury, as observed during experimental hypertension or wound repair, as well as the consequences of loss of one connexin in different transgenic null mice. In view of the major endocrine role of the kidney in the control of blood pressure, we also discuss the distribution of connexins in the kidney vasculature. Cx40 is present between endothelial cells of vessels and glomeruli, as well as between renin-secreting cells, the modified smooth muscle cells which form the wall of the terminal part of afferent arterioles. Modulation of Cx40 expression in a model of renin-dependent hypertension suggests that this connexin may be implicated in the function of renin-secreting cells. Finally, to address the possible regulation of connexin expression by fluid pressure, we summarize the effects of elevated transmural urine pressure on bladder Cx43 expression.
QoS- based JPEG images transmission protocol for wireless CDMA communication systems (2005)

In recent years, wireless communication systems have become increasingly popular as an inexpensive and promising means for ubiquitous and wireless multimedia communications. However, before wireless multimedia appliances become a common commodity several challenging issues need to be resolved. Wireless communication channels are characterized by long bursts of data errors, and ambient noise, propagation losses, multipath, interference, and properties arising from the use of multiple antennas pose a serious problem to information transmission over wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a QoS-based modified scheme to transmit JPEG-coded images over wireless channels for CDMA communication systems, based upon a combination of a modified MAP (Maximum Aposteriori Probability) decoding to eliminate error transmissions and a fast decorrelating multiuser detection mechanism as a post-processing task to eliminate the MAI (Multiple Access Interference) interference. We describe our transmission protocol, and report on its performance evaluation using a simulation testbed we have designed for this purpose. Our results clearly indicate that our protocol improves significantly the quality of transmitted JPEG images over wireless CDMA systems and the transmission errors are significantly reduced when compared to regular transmissions.
Easy-to-Implement Integral Numerical Simulation of Multi-phase Drives under Fault Supply Condition (2007)

This paper presents an easy way to model multiphase electrical drives in fault supply conditions. The presented technique makes it possible to simulate the drive in various configurations with keeping the same integral model established in normal mode. Simulations of a seven-leg seven-phase drive are carried out and compared to experimental measurements.
A discrete universal denoiser and its application to binary images (2004)

This paper describes a discrete universal denoiser for two dimensional data and also presents an experimental results of its application to noisy binary images. A discrete universal denoiser (DUDE) is introduced for recovering a signal with finite-valued components corrupted by finite-valued, uncorrelated noise. The DUDE is asymptotically optimal and universal, in the sense of asymptotically achieving, without access to any information on the statistics of the clean signal, the same performance as the best denoiser that does have access to such information. It is also practical, and can be implemented in low complexity.
Chemical Ligation of S-Scylated Cysteine Peptides to Form Native Peptides via 5-, 11-, and 14-Membered Cyclic Transition States (2010)

Cysteine-containing dipeptides 3a-l, (3b+3b') (compound numbers in parentheses are used to indicate racemic mixtures; thus (3b+3b') is the racemate of 3b and 3b'), and tripeptide 13 were synthesized in 68-96% yields by acylation of cysteine with N-(Pg-α-aminoacyl)- and N-(Pg-α-dipeptidoyl)benzotriazoles (where Pg stands for protecting group in the nomenclature for peptides throughout the paper) in the presence of Et(3)N. Cysteine-containing peptides 3a-l and 13 were S-acylated to give S-(Pg-α-aminoacyl)dipeptides 5a-l and S-(Pg-α-aminoacyl)tripeptide 14 without racemization in 47-90% yields using N-(Pg-α-aminoacyl)benzotriazoles 2 in CH(3)CN-H(2)O (7:3) in the presence of KHCO(3). (In our peptide nomenclature, the prefixes di-, tri-, etc. refer to the number of amino acid residues in the main peptide chain; amino acid residues attached to sulfur are designated as S-acyl peptides. Thus we avoid use of the prefix "iso".) Selective S-acylations of serine peptide 3k and threonine peptide 3l containing free OH groups were thus achieved in 58% and 72% yield, respectively. S-(Pg-α-aminoacyl)cysteines 4a,b underwent native chemical ligations to form native dipeptides 3f,i via 5-membered cyclic transition states. Microwave irradiation of S-(Pg-α-aminoacyl)tripeptide 15 and S-(Pg-α-aminoacyl)tetrapeptide 17 in the presence of NaH(2)PO(4)/Na(2)HPO(4) buffer solution at pH 7.8 achieved chemical ligations, involving intramolecular migrations of acyl groups, via 11- and 14-membered cyclic transition states from the S-atom of a cysteine residue to a peptide terminal amino group to form native peptides 19 and 20 in isolated yields of 26% and 23%, respectively.