gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoblastic differentiation of periosteum‐derived cells is promoted by the physical contact with the bone matrix in vivo (2001)

The periosteum contains osteoprogenitors that differentiate to osteoblasts in bone growth or repair. Our previous studies suggested the hypothesis that the physical contact of the periosteum with the bone matrix is requisite for the differentiation of osteoblasts. To test the hypothesis, the present study was designed to investigate how the contact between the periosteum and the bone matrix influences the osteoblastic differentiation of periosteal cells with establishing a new experimental model in vivo. Differentiation of osteoblasts was assessed by gene expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein using in situ hybridization. A barrier was designed to prevent periosteal cells from contacting the bone matrix using the membrane filter. The membrane filter was inserted surgically between the surface of rat parietal bone and the periosteum after being punched out with pin holes. Periosteal cells were allowed to contact with the bone surface only through the pin holes. The pin hole was filled with cells derived from the periosteum 1 week after inserting the filter. Differentiation of osteoblasts in week 2 and noticeable bone formation in week 3 were identified on the bone surface only under the pin hole but not under the filter. The present study demonstrated that the physical contact with the bone matrix promotes osteoblastic differentiation of periosteum-derived cells in vivo.
Minisequencing on oligonucleotide microarrays: comparison of immobilisation chemistries (2001)

In the microarray format of the minisequencing method multiple oligonucleotide primers immobilised on a glass surface are extended with fluorescent ddNTPs using a DNA polymerase. The method is a promising tool for large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. We have compared eight chemical methods for covalent immobilisation of the oligonucleotide primers on glass surfaces. We included both commercially available, activated slides and slides that were modified by ourselves. In the comparison the differently derivatised glass slides were evaluated with respect to background fluorescence, efficiency of attaching oligonucleotides and performance of the primer arrays in minisequencing reactions. We found that there are significant differences in background fluorescence levels among the different coatings, and that the attachment efficiency, which was measured indirectly using extension by terminal transferase, varied largely depending on which immobilisation strategy was used. We also found that the attachment chemistry affects the genotyping accuracy, when minisequencing on microarrays is used as the genotyping method. The best genotyping results were observed using mercaptosilane-coated slides attaching disulfide-modified oligonucleotides.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) in human endometrial stromal cells induces macrophage tolerance through interleukin-33 in the progression of endometriosis. (2014)

In the peritoneal fluid, macrophages and their secretory cytokines are essential for endometriosis, but the factors that favor their involvement in the endometriosis-associated inflammatory response are still elusive. Given the anomalous expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and its potentially important roles in immune modulation, we aimed to determine the effects of IDO1 in ESCs on macrophages and the mechanism of those effects. Normal ESCs and ectopic ESCs transfected with the SD11-IDO1 shRNA (short hairpin RNA) or vector-only plasmid SD11 were subsequently co-cultured with peripheral blood (PB)-derived monocytes (PBMC)-driven macrophages directly and indirectly. Cytokine production was determined by analyzing the supernatant of the co-culture unit by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The phenotypes and the phagocytic ability of the macrophages were determined by flow cytometry. Compared to normal ESCs, the PBMC-driven macrophages co-cultured with ectopic ESCs displayed lower phagocytic ability. Additionally, macrophages co-cultured with ectopic ESCs exhibited higher levels of CD163 and CD209 and lower levels of HLA-DR and CD11c. Moreover, both the intracellular expression and extracellular secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were significantly increased, while that of IL-12p70 was decreased in macrophages after being co-cultured with ectopic ESCs. However, there was no significant difference in macrophage phagocytic ability, immunophenotype or cytokine secretion between the direct and indirect co-culture units. Reversely, SD11-IDO1 shRNA transfection of ectopic ESCs could abrogate the decreased phagocytic ability and alternative activation of macrophages in ectopic ESC-macrophage co-culture unit, suggesting that higher IDO1 in ectopic ESCs was indispensable for the induction of macrophage tolerance. Furthermore, the decrease in phagocytic macrophages and alternatively activated macrophages induced by IDO1 in ectopic ESCs was reversed by the addition of an IL-33 inhibitor, that is, soluble ST2 (sST2). Therefore, through the activation of IL-33, the increased expression of IDO1 in ectopic ESCs contributed to the truncated phagocytic ability of macrophages in endometriosis.
Mouse Model of X-Linked Alport Syndrome (2004)

X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) is a progressive disorder of basement membranes caused by mutations in the COL4A5 gene, encoding the alpha5 chain of type IV collagen. A mouse model of this disorder was generated by targeting a human nonsense mutation, G5X, to the mouse Col4a5 gene. As predicted for a nonsense mutation, hemizygous mutant male mice are null and heterozygous carrier female mice are mosaic for alpha5(IV) chain expression. Mutant male mice and carrier female mice are viable through reproductive age and fertile. Mutant male mice died spontaneously at 6 to 34 wk of age, and carrier female mice died at 8 to 45 wk of age, manifesting proteinuria, azotemia, and progressive and manifold histologic abnormalities of the kidney glomerulus and tubulointerstitium. Ultrastructural abnormalities of the glomerular basement membrane, including lamellation and splitting, were characteristic of human XLAS. The mouse model described here recapitulates essential clinical and pathologic findings of human XLAS. With alpha5(IV) expression reflecting X-inactivation patterns, it will be especially useful in studying determinants of disease variability in the carrier state.
Advanced Digital Communications: Systems and Signal Processing Techniques (1986)

From the Publisher:
This extensive reference book includes data on systems and techniques for ISDN, speech coding, echo cancellation, digital speech interpolation, digital television, modulation and demodulation methods, correlative coding, interference considerations, mobile radio and satellite systems, and adaptive equalization. This unique volume comprises one of the most complete texts on digital communications engineering.
Dataflow-Oriented Provenance System for Multifusion Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

We present a dataflow-oriented provenance system for data fusion sensor networks. This model works best with net- works sensing dynamic objects and although our system is generic, we model it on a proximity binary sensor network. We introduce a network-level fault-tolerance mechanism by using the cognitive strength of provenance models. Our provenance model reduce the limitations of a sensor’s capability and decrease the error-prone nature of wireless sen- sor networks. In addition provenance data is used in order to efficiently build the dynamic data fusion scenario and to adjust the network such as turning of some sensors. In a fault-tolerant, self-adjusting sensor network, sensor data produce more accurate results and with the improvements, tasks such as target localization is more precisely done. One other aspect of our network is that by having computation nodes spread to the network, the computation is done in a distributed manner and as nodes make decisions based on the provenance and fusion data available, the network has a distributed intelligence. K e y w o r ds : Multifusion, Wireless Sensor Networks, Open Provenance Model
VoIP capacity analysis in IEEE 802.11 WLAN (2009)

Wireless voice over IP (VoIP) is an important emerging service in telecommunications due to its potential for replacing cell phone communication wherever wireless local area network (WLAN) is installed. Recent studies, however, suggest that the number of voice calls that can be supported in the widely deployed IEEE 802.11 WLAN is limited. In this paper, we utilize a so-called transmission opportunity (TXOP) parameter of a medium access control protocol as a simple solution to improve the VoIP capacity. We provide a detailed analytical model to show that the capacity can be improved significantly, and discuss the implications of the TXOP parameter in terms of the maximum number of calls the 802.11 network can support. The analytical results are validated by simulations for a wide range of parameters. Furthermore we investigate the impact of the buffer at the access point (AP) on the number of obtainable voice calls. We show that there exists an optimal buffer size where the maximum voice capacity is achieved, but further increasing the buffer beyond this value will not result in an increased voice capacity. Based on this finding a closed form expression for the maximum number of voice calls is developed as a function of TXOP value. Finally, we propose a simple yet accurate voice capacity approximation formula for voice capacity estimation in WLAN and provide some insights that an be gained from this formula.
DB2 for OS/390 V5 vs. V6 outer join performance (2002)

The outer join operation is one of the most frequently used operations in a relational database management system. It becomes even more important in data warehouse and business intelligence applications. The processing of outer join of very large relations is a very costly operation. Therefore, a lot of effort has been expended in the development and implementation of optimization techniques to improve the performance of outer join. In this paper, the outer join optimization techniques implemented in DB2 UDB for OS/390 V6 (further reference as DB2 V6) are described and the efficiency is measured in a real world workload.
Defuzzification techniques for fuzzy controllers (2000)

Based on the features and disadvantages of the commonly used defuzzification techniques and on the elements involved in the structure of a fuzzy controller, a new and advantageous defuzzification technique is introduced and justified. This is done by integrating the defuzzification problem into the global structure of fuzzy controllers. Another related defuzzification strategy, which has been introduced elsewhere by the principle author of this study, is also given and commented upon. Further, case studies are considered and comparative conclusions are drawn.
Picosecond time-resolved laser spectrometer with expanded delay range (1988)

We have developed a pump-probe picosecond spectrometer capable of time-resolved studies spanning nine decades in time, from the picosecond to the millisecond regimes. The system operates at repetition rates up to 2 kHz with ∼40-ps time resolution. Pump and probe beam average powers are ∼10 mW. The system is capable of studies of molecular dynamics in complex systems such as proteins, where internal motions span a wide range of time scales.
Targeted Gene Delivery to Cancer Cells: Directed Assembly of Nanometric DNA Particles Coated with Folic Acid (2003)

A synthetic viruslike particle: Monomolecular condensation of a gene into a 30-nm particle was performed by the DNA-templated air oxidation of a cationic thiol detergent to a gemini lipid (depicted in yellow). A folic acid coating was added (in the form of the DNA-binding folate-containing compounds represented schematically by 2) and the resulting DNA particles 1 were shown to be nanometric and stable, and to enter cells through the folic acid receptor. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z50446_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Environmental Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours: Cross-cultural Views (2000)

This section presents an insight into children's environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, that varies across cultures and individuals. It also emphasises the role of educators in enabling children to improve the environment and to cultivate an ecological caring ethic.
Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cultured lymphocytes of twins. (1978)

Measurement of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in cultured lymphocytes of 18 monozygotic and 30 dizygotic twin pairs showed that basal and induced AHH activity and AHH inducibility are heritable traits. The data are consistent with AHH inducibility being determined by a single or a very few polymorphic genes.
Parallel nonlinear registration of medical images with a priori information on anatomy and pathology (2005)

Le but de cette thèse est de proposer un algorithme de recalage non-rigide adapté au recalage atlas / sujet dans un environnement clinique. Les applications médicales sont la planification pré-opératoire pour la radiothérapie conforme des tumeurs cérébrales, et pour la stimulation cérébrale profonde continue des patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson. Dans ces applications, le recalage non-rigide est utilisé pour déformer les segmentations de l atlas (effectuées par un expert) dans la géométrie du patient. L algorithme proposé utilise un champ de déplacement dense pour modeler finement la transformation, et un critère de similarité basé sur l intensité pour estimer les appariements entre les deux images. L inversibilité de la transformation estimée est garantie grâce à une nouvelle méthode de rééchantillonage rapide. La régularisation est implémentée à l aide d un modèle visco-élastique : une régularisation non-stationnaire et éventuellement anisotrope du champ de déplacement modélise la variabilité spatiale de la déformabilité des différentes structures ; une régularisation non-stationnaire de la dérivée temporelle du critère de similarité permet de pondérer l information fournie par les différents voxels, et d éviter les possibles erreurs causées par les pathologies dans l image du patient. L utilisation d un schéma numérique semi-implicite permet des temps de calcul courts. Nous proposons aussi une implémentation parallèle sur une ferme d ordinateurs personnels qui permet de réduire le temps de calcul à quelques minutes. Finalement, nous utilisons des méthodes de type grille de calcul pour connecter l ordinateur parallèle à un système de visualisation.
Thermal Compensating Tapered Roller Bearing for Enhancement of Transmission and Transaxle Performance (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automotive transmissions and transaxles use aluminum housings for weight reduction and tapered roller bearings for increased reliability. The initial bearing setting is obtained by using selective shims to account for tolerance variations of the transmission or transaxle components.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Aluminum transmission and transaxle housings have a coefficient of thermal expansion approximately twice that of steel shafts and bearings. This difference results in a change to the initial bearing setting, as temperatures vary. For a direct bearing mounting arrangement (cup adjusted), the bearing setting becomes looser as the operating temperature increases, and tighter as the temperature decreases.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Improved operating bearing setting is achieved through the use of a thermal compensating bearing. This bearing incorporates an elastomeric ring in the outer race, or cup, which responds to temperature variations and maintains a close bearing setting range for improved bearing and transmission/transaxle performance. This paper describes the principles of a thermal compensating bearing and also provides test results illustrating the advantage of reducing transmission and transaxle shift force.</div>
Data Structures and Algorithms for Robust and Fast Parallel Graph Search (2014)

Graph traversal based on algorithms such as depth-first search and breadth-first-search is a critical part of many applications. With the advent of multicore computers and the ability to furnish them with large shared random-access-memory, it has become possible to process large-scale graphs in parallel. For such parallel algorithms to be effective in general, they should be highly parallel, exposing as much parallelism as possible and remain work-efficient with respect to optimal serial graph-traversal algorithms. Since the topology of graphs can vary dramatically, simultaneously achieving these two properties is challenging. In this paper, we present two highly parallel and work-efficient algorithms for performing graph traversals on directed (and undirected) graphs. Our first algorithm is a Parallel Breadth-First Search (PBFS) that improves over the state of the art by exposing more parallelism without detrimentally effecting work efficiency. Our second algorithm is a Parallel Depth-First Search (PDFS) algorithm that improves over the state of the art by guaranteeing work efficiency while remaining highly parallel. Both of our algorithms take advantage of our novel frontier data structure that supports very efficiently several key operations on the set of outgoing edges of visited vertices (the frontier), including push, iteration, split in half, and merge. Also based on this data structure, we present techniques for controlling granularity for improved practical efficiency. We implement our algorithms and evaluate them carefully by considering both synthetic and real-world graphs and by comparing with the state of the art. The experiments show that, for the graphs considered, our algorithms remain robust, outperforming the state of the art except in a few cases, and dramatically outperforming them in certain cases.
Strongly consistent replication and recovery of fault-tolerant CORBA applications. (2002)

The Eternal system provides transparent fault tolerance for CORBA applications, without requiring the modification of either the application or the ORB. Eternal replicates the application objects, and ensures strong replica consistency by employing a reliable totally-ordered multicast protocol for conveying the IIOP messages of the application. To achieve strong replica consistency during recovery, Eternal retrieves and transfers the three kinds of state -- applicationlevel state, ORB/POA-level state and infrastructure-level state -- from an existing replica to a new or recovering replica, and logs and replays messages.
The Nasal Late-Phase Response-an In Vivo Model (1988)

The allergic rhinitis model has helped shed light on the roles of mast cells and basophils in mediator release, the existence of a distinctive basophil histamine-releasing factor, and the heterogeneity of human IgE. The nasal model has also elucidated a phenomenon closely related to the late-phase response: nonallergenic stimulation of allergic mediators by cold air and exercise.
Human T cells respond to mouse mammary tumor virus-encoded superantigen: V beta restriction and conserved evolutionary features. (1993)

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-encoded superantigens (SAGs) influence the murine T cell repertoire and stimulate a strong mixed lymphocyte response in vitro. These SAGs are encoded by the open reading frame of the 3' long terminal repeat of MMTV, termed MMTV SAGs. The T cell response to MMTV SAGs is V beta restricted and requires expression of the class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the presenting cells. While human T cells respond to bacterial SAGs, it is not known if human T cells or human MHC class II molecules can interact with MMTV SAGs. A fibroblastic cell line expressing the human MHC class II molecule HLA-DR1 and the Mtv-7 sag gene encoding Mls-1 was used to stimulate human T cells. We show here that human T cells efficiently proliferate in response to Mls-1 presented by HLA-DR1. This T cell response was inhibited by mAbs directed against CD4 or MHC class II molecules but not by mAbs specific for CD8 or MHC class I molecules. Moreover, the response to Mls-1 was limited to human T cells expressing a restricted set of T cell receptor V beta chains. Human T cells expressing V beta 12, 13, 14, 15, and 23 were selectively amplified after Mtv-7 sag stimulation. Interestingly, these human V beta s share the highest degree of homology with the mouse V beta s interacting with Mls-1. These results show a strong evolutionary conservation of the structures required for the presentation and the response to retrovirally encoded endogenous SAGs, raising the possibility that similar elements operate in humans to shape the T cell repertoire.
A Protective Gene for Graft-versus-Host Disease (2003)

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is an effective but toxic therapy for a number of life-threatening diseases, especially hematologic cancers. The principal complication of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (the transplantation of grafts from genetically different donors) is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which can occur despite aggressive immunosuppressive prophylaxis and even when the donor is a “perfectly” matched (HLA-identical) sibling. The complex pathophysiology of GVHD fundamentally depends on interactions between antigen-presenting cells of the recipient and mature T cells of the donor (see Figure). A substantial body of research in animal models has uncovered the contribution of cytokines to the inflammation and tissue damage that . . .
Accelerated Immunoassays Based on Magnetic Particle Dynamics in a Rotating Capillary Tube with Stationary Magnetic Field (2012)

A rapid and simple magnetic particle-based immunoassay has been demonstrated in a capillary mixing system. Antibody-coated micrometer size superparamagnetic polystyrene (SPP) particles were used in an assay for rabbit IgG in a sandwich (noncompetitive) format. The kinetics of the assay was compared between a plate-based system and a single capillary tube. The interaction between the antigen (R-IgG) and the antibody (anti-R-IgG) that was carried by the SPP particles in a rotating capillary was tested under a stationary magnetic field. Competing magnetic and viscous drag forces helped to enhance the interaction between the analyte and the capture antibodies on the particles. The dimensionless Mason number (Mn) was employed to characterize the magnetic particle dynamics; a previously determined critical Mason number (Mn(c)) was employed as a guide to the appropriate experimental conditions of magnetic field strength and rotational speed of the capillary. The advantage of the rotating capillary system included a short assay time and a reduced reactive volume (20 μL). The results show that the immunoassay kinetics were improved by the formation of chains of the SPP particles for the conditions that corresponded to the critical Mason number.