gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PF20 gene product contains WD repeats and localizes to the intermicrotubule bridges in Chlamydomonas flagella. (1997)

The central pair of microtubules and their associated structures play a significant role in regulating flagellar motility. To begin a molecular analysis of these components, we generated central apparatus-defective mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using insertional mutagenesis. One paralyzed mutant recovered in our screen contains an allele of a previously identified mutation, pf20. Mutant cells have paralyzed flagella, and the entire central apparatus is missing in isolated axonemes. We have cloned the wild-type PF20 gene and confirmed its identity by rescuing the pf20 mutant phenotype upon transformation. Rescued transformants were wild type in motility and in axonemal ultrastructure. A cDNA clone containing a single, long open reading frame was obtained and sequenced. Database searches using the predicted 606-amino acid sequence of PF20 indicate that the protein contains five contiguous WD repeats. These repeats are found in a number of proteins with diverse cellular functions including beta-transducin and dynein intermediate chains. An antibody was raised against a fusion protein expressed from the cloned cDNA. Immunogold labeling of wild-type axonemes indicates that the PF20 protein is localized along the length of the C2 microtubule on the intermicrotubule bridges connecting the two central microtubules. We suggest that the PF20 gene product is a new member of the family of WD repeat proteins and is required for central microtubule assembly and/or stability and flagellar motility.
Texture and other Physicochemical Properties of Whole Rice Bread (2001)

ABSTRACT: Samples of experimental rice breads baked in a home bread machine were evaluated by physicochemical methods and compared with a local commercial whole‐wheat bread. The results showed that rice breads had less specific volume, harder texture, and were more prone to retrogradation during storage than whole wheat bread. All stored breads showed a peak at about 52 °C by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, which is characteristic of retrograded starch. However, the δH for rice bread was about 3 times the value of whole‐wheat bread, suggesting its strong tendency to retrograde. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) evaluation also indicated the appearance of a strong 20 peak between 16.7 °C to 17.0 °C in rice bread than in whole‐wheat bread, which is consistent with starch retrogradation.
Macroparticle-free thin films produced by an efficient vacuum arc deposition technique (1993)

Macroparticle-free films of various metals and diamond-like carbon have been obtained by a pulsed vacuum arc deposition technique. An axial magnetic field (100–200 mT) generated by the discharge current itself was used to focus the plasma produced by the cathode spots and to guide the plasma flow through a macroparticle filter. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. They were found to be macroparticle-free. The total efficiency of the combined gun-filter plasma source is even higher than a standard nonfiltered vacuum arc plasma source in terms of deposited film thickness per discharge, because the plasma losses in the filter are overcompensated by the focused plasma injection into the filter.
Photographic Sharpness and Resolving Power II The Resolving-Power Cameras in the Kodak Research Laboratory* (1951)

The optical-reduction method of impressing images on emulsion samples for measuring the resolving power of the latter is preferred over the contact-printing method, chiefly for its practical convenience. A description is given of a camera containing a 150-mm f/5 apochromatic telescope objective, which makes 13 exposures to incandescent light on a power-of-two time scale. For materials of high resolving power, another camera is described that accommodates microscope objectives and makes 7 exposures to monochromatic light on any desired time scale. This camera uses distance pieces to position the sample, and the technique of using such pieces is discussed. The methods of making test objects and the precautions required are described.
Basic Considerations in Mechanizing Citrus Harvest (1968)

ABSTRACT (Download PDF) (Export to EndNotes)
Two New Bacterial Pathogens of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2004)

Other than Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, few bacteria are lethal to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]), a major pest of potatoes and eggplant. Expanded use of biologicals for the control of Colorado potato beetle will improve resistance management, reduce pesticide use, and produce novel compounds for potential use in transgenic plants. Using freeze-dried, rehydrated artificial diet in pellet form to screen bacteria lethal to other insects, we determined that strains of Photorhabdus luminescens killed Colorado potato beetle larvae. The LC50 for second instar larvae of strain HM5-1 was 6.4 ± 1.87 × 107 cells per diet pellet. In an attempt to find additional naturally occurring P. luminescens strains toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, we recovered, from soil, bacteria that produced a purple pigment. This bacterial strain, identified as Chromobacterium sp. by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, was also toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae within 3 d. The LC50 for second instar larvae for these bacteria was 2.0 ± 0.79 × 108 cells per diet pellet, while the LC50 was approximately 1 log lower for third instar larvae. P. luminescens appeared to kill by means of a protein toxin that may be similar to the described lepidopteran protein toxins. Based on the heat and acid stability, the toxin or toxins that Chromobacterium sp. produces, while not fully characterized, do not appear to be typical proteins. In both bacteria, the toxins are made after exponential growth ceases.
Reed-Solomon Codes: A Historical Overview (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Precode The Codes Apres Code Life After the Codes
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Mitigate Collagen Synthesis Induced by a Single Dose of Radiation to the Whole Thorax (2012)

Our long-term goal is to use angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to mitigate the increase in lung collagen synthesis that is induced by irradiation to the lung, which could result from accidental exposure or radiological terrorism. Rats (WAG/RijCmcr) were given a single dose of 13 Gy (dose rate of 1.43 Gy/min) of X-irradiation to the thorax. Three structurally-different ACE inhibitors, captopril, enalapril and fosinopril were provided in drinking water beginning 1 week after irradiation. Rats that survived acute pneumonitis (at 6-12 weeks) were evaluated monthly for synthesis of lung collagen. Other endpoints included breathing rate, wet to dry lung weight ratio, and analysis of lung structure. Treatment with captopril (145-207 mg/m(2)/day) or enalapril (19-28 mg/m(2)/day), but not fosinopril (19-28 mg/m(2)/day), decreased morbidity from acute pneumonitis. Lung collagen in the surviving irradiated rats was increased over that of controls by 7 months after irradiation. This increase in collagen synthesis was not observed in rats treated with any of the three ACE inhibitors. Analysis of the lung morphology at 7 months supports the efficacy of ACE inhibitors against radiation-induced fibrosis. The effectiveness of fosinopril against fibrosis, but not against acute pneumonitis, suggests that pulmonary fibrosis may not be a simple consequence of injury during acute pneumonitis. In summary, three structurally-different ACE inhibitors mitigate the increase in collagen synthesis 7 months following irradiation of the whole thorax and do so, even when therapy is started one week after irradiation.
General Photo‐Patterning of Polyelectrolyte Thin Films via Efficient Ionic Bis(Fluorinated Phenyl Azide) Photo‐Crosslinkers and their Post‐Deposition Modification (2007)

Abstract We have extended the well known bisfluorinated(phenyl azide) (bisFPA) methodology to develop an ionic bisFPA process suitable for photo‐crosslinking a wide variety of polyelectrolyte thin films. The crosslinking efficiencies (0.1–1.0 crosslink per photo‐reaction) are sufficiently high for the gel fraction to exceed 80 % for crosslinker concentrations of only a few weight %. This method is based on the photo‐induced formation of singlet nitrenes from FPAs and their insertion into unactivated C–H or other bonds, which thus general and not dependent on the presence of specific chemical functional groups. By derivatizing with ionic charge groups, we obtained ionic bisFPAs that can be properly dispersed into polyelectrolyte thin films. The sorbed moisture always present in these films however severely limits the photo‐crosslinking efficiency, apparently through nitrene protonation and intersystem crossing. This can be avoided by dehydration of the films, in some cases, to 130 °C for 10 min in nitrogen before photo‐exposure. We found that efficient photo‐crosslinking can then be achieved for polyelectrolytes even when they have nucleophilic groups. These include poly(styrenesulfonic acid) and their salts, poly(acrylic acid) and their salts, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium salts), as well as the electrically‐conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonic acid) complex (PEDT:PSSH). We further demonstrate using this ionic bisFPA methodology both photo‐patterning and post‐deposition chemical modifications of polyelectrolyte thin films. This opens broad new possibilities in membrane, sensor and actuator technologies, as well as for organic semiconductor plastic electronics (such as field‐effect transistors) and polyelectrolyte‐based devices.
SHRiMP2: Sensitive yet Practical Short Read Mapping (2011)

SHRiMP2 executables and source code are freely available at: http://compbio.cs.toronto.edu/shrimp/.
A Goal-Oriented Approach to Software Obfuscation (2008)

Various software obfuscation techniques have been proposed. However, there are few discussions on proper use of these obfuscations against imaginable threats. An ad-hoc use of obfuscations cannot guarantee that a program is sufficiently protected. For a systematic use of obfuscations and the verification of the result, this paper proposes a goal oriented approach to obfuscation. Specifically, we (1) define the capability of an imaginary cracker, (2) identify the cracker’s goal, (3) conduct a goaloriented analysis, (4) select obfuscations to disrupt all subgoals, and (5) apply selected obfuscations to the program. As a case study, we define a security goal and a threat model for a Java implementation of a cryptomeria cipher (C2) program, and then, based on the model, we demonstrate how the goal oriented analysis is conducted and obfuscation techniques are applied to places where they are needed. Key words:
Code compaction using genetic algorithms (2000)

One method for compacting executable computer code is to replace commonly repeated sequences of instructions with macro instructions from a decoding dictionary. The size of the decoding dictionary is often small in comparison to the number of all possible macros. Choosing the macros that yield the best compaction is a difficult subset selection problem because multiple, but colliding, macros may be applicable to many code segments. We show that a genetic algorithm using a new crossover operator, MSX, gives better compaction than heuristics designed specifically for this problem. We also compare MSX with other crossover operators on a surrogate problem that models the essential properties of the code compaction problem.
Stiffening Effects of Cortical Bone on Vertebral Cancellous Bone In Situ (1995)

Combining low density cancellous bone with stiffer, more dense cortical bone leads to a lightweight structure that is much stronger than might be expected from the isolated properties of its components.
Effect of carrier materials on the resistance of spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus to gaseous hydrogen peroxide. (2003)

The testing of the H2O2 decontamination process using spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus has gained widespread acceptance. Usually, commercially available Biological Indicators (BIs) with a specified resistance to H2O2 are challenged to qualify the process. The question arises whether the resistance of test spores is dependant on the type of carrier material and whether the resistance is representative for the system under test. The objective of the study is to quantify the effect of different carrier materials on the resistance of spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus to H2O2. Materials from which isolators were built, as well as those used in disposables during daily work were investigated. These materials were inoculated with 106 spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 7953). The spore resistance was tested to a well defined H2O2 decontamination cycle by determining the D-value using the "Fractional Negative" method. This paper reports on the effect of different carrier materials to the resistance of the test organism against H2O2. Various materials have significantly increased resistance of the spores and should be avoided in isolator systems. If commercially available BIs are used for process qualification, the resistance of the BI used, the fluctuation in resistance caused by isolator materials, the required log reduction, and at least the bioload of isolator surfaces need to be known.
Next Generation Hairpin Polyamides with (<i>R</i>)-3,4-Diaminobutyric Acid Turn Unit (2008)

The characterization of a new class of pyrrole-imidazole hairpin polyamides with beta-amino-gamma-turn units for recognition of the DNA minor groove is reported. A library of eight hairpins containing ( R)- and ( S)-3,4-diaminobutyric acid (beta-amino-gamma-turn) has been synthesized, and the impact of the molecules on DNA-duplex stabilization was studied for comparison with the parent gamma-aminobutyric acid (gamma-turn) and standard ( R)-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (alpha-amino-gamma-turn)-linked eight-ring polyamides. For some, but not all, sequence compositions, melting temperature analyses have revealed that both enantiomeric forms of the beta-amino-gamma-turn increase the DNA-binding affinity of polyamides relative to the ( R)-alpha-amino-gamma-turn. The ( R)-beta-amine residue may be an attractive alternative for constructing hairpin polyamide conjugates. Biological assays have shown that ( R)-beta-amino-gamma-turn hairpins are able to inhibit androgen receptor-mediated gene expression in cell culture similar to hairpins bearing the standard ( R)-alpha-amino-gamma-turn, from which we infer they are cell-permeable.
Suppression of high-density artefacts in x-ray CT images using temporal digital subtraction with application to cryotherapy (2000)

Image guidance in cryotherapy is usually performed using ultrasound. Although not currently in routine clinical use, x-ray CT imaging is an alternative means of guidance that can display the full 3D structure of the iceball, including frozen and unfrozen regions. However, the quality of x-ray CT images is compromised by the presence of high-density streak artefacts. To suppress these artefacts we applied temporal digital subtraction (TDS). This TDS method has the added advantage of improving the grey scale contrast between frozen and unfrozen tissue in the CT images. Two sets of CT images were taken of a phantom material, cryoprobes and a urethral warmer (UW) before and during the cryoprobe freeze cycle. The high density artefacts persisted in both image sets. TDS was performed on these two image sets using the corresponding mask image of unfrozen material and the same geometrical configuration of the cryoprobes and the UW. The resultant difference image had a significantly reduced artefact content. Thus TDS can be used to significantly suppress or eliminate high-density CT streak artefacts without reducing the metallic content of the cryoprobes. In vivo study needs to be conducted to establish the utility of this TDS procedure for CT assisted prostate or liver cryotherapy. Applying TDS in x-ray CT guided cryotherapy will facilitate estimation of the number and location of all frozen and unfrozen regions, potentially making cryotherapy safer and less operator dependent.
An Enzymatic Process for the Physical Refining of Seed Oils (1998)

Edible oil from oil-bearing seeds, such as soybeans, rapeseed, and sunflower seeds, can be recovered by chemical or physical refining methods. By combining enzymatic degumming of seed oils with physical refining, not only is the amount of waste water reduced, but an enhancement in product yield and lower operating costs can be realized. The combined enzymatic and physical processing of oils is presented.
Amorphous-silicon/silicon-nitride thin-film transistors fabricated by plasma-free (chemical vapor deposition) method (1990)

The application of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) amorphous-silicon and silicon-nitride films to active layers of thin-film transistors on a glass substrate is discussed. The maximum process temperature was 485 degrees C. The maximum field-effect mobility and the typical on-off current ratio were more than 0.9 cm/sup 2//V-s and 10/sup 6/, respectively. Advantages of applying the fully plasma-free CVD method in the amorphous-silicon thin-film transistor process are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chondromodulin I Is a Bone Remodeling Factor (2003)

Chondromodulin I (ChM-I) was supposed from its limited expression in cartilage and its functions in cultured chondrocytes as a major regulator in cartilage development. Here, we generated mice deficient in ChM-I by targeted disruption of the ChM-I gene. No overt abnormality was detected in endochondral bone formation during embryogenesis and cartilage development during growth stages of ChM-I(-/-) mice. However, a significant increase in bone mineral density with lowered bone resorption with respect to formation was unexpectedly found in adult ChM-I(-/-) mice. Thus, the present study established that ChM-I is a bone remodeling factor.
The Research of Moving Object Tracking in Video Images based on ARM (2015)

With the rapid development of ARM processor, the computer vision systems begin to shift from the PC platform to the ARM platform. Moving object tracking is the key technology of the intelligent video surveillance, robot navigation, and other areas of precision-guided in the computer vision filed. This paper focuses on the principles of traditional Camshift algorithm and put forward an improved algorithm that combined with the three-frame differencing method and the Camshift algorithm. This paper also introduced how to implement the moving object tracking system on ARM platforms. The experiment on two videos indicates that compared to the traditional Camshift the proposed algorithm is more effective and feasible.
Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 2: new biogroup pathogenic for eels (1982)

Clinical and nonclinical isolates of the lactose-positive Vibrio vulnificus were compared with Vibrio strains isolated from lesions on eels (Anguilla japonica) cultured commercially in Japan. Strains were compared phenotypically and antigenically, for pathogenicity to mice and eels, and for genetic relatedness. The strains isolated from diseased eels differed phenotypically from the original species description of V. vulnificus in that they were negative for indole production, ornithine decarboxylase activity, growth at 42 degrees C, and acid production from mannitol and sorbitol. No relationship between the surface antigens of V. vulnificus strains from environmental and clinical sources and the strains from diseased eels was observed. Typical V. vulnificus strains and the eel isolates were pathogenic to mice; however, only those strains originally isolated from diseased eels were found to be pathogenic to eels. Results of DNA-DNA competition experiments revealed that there was greater than 90% relative reassociation between clinical and nonclinical V. vulnificus and strains from diseased eels. Based on the results of the DNA-DNA competition experiments, we conclude that the strains isolated from diseased eels were V. vulnificus; however, the differences in phenotypic characteristics and eel pathogenicity indicated that these strains represent a different biogroup. Therefore, we propose that strains phenotypically similar to the type strain of the species (ATCC 27562) be classified as V. vulnificus biogroup 1 and the strains phenotypically similar to those isolated from diseased eels be classified as V. vulnificus biogroup 2 represented by the reference strain ATCC 33148.
Conjugated Polymer Dots for Multiphoton Fluorescence Imaging (2007)

We report on the two-photon excited fluorescence of conjugated polymer dots (CPdots). As a new class of two-photon fluorescent probes, CPdots exhibit two-photon action cross sections as high as 2.0 × 105 GM, to our knowledge, the largest reported thus far for a nanoparticle. The cross section values are 3−4 orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional fluorescent dyes and an order of magnitude higher than those of inorganic quantum dots. Single particle fluorescence imaging was achieved using relatively low laser power.
Polymers containing the 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐1,1′‐spirobiindane residue (1965)

Abstract A variety of condensation polymers were prepared from the 6,6′‐dihydroxy‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐1,1′‐spirobiindanes including polyesters, polyurethanes, and a polyhydroxyether. The polycarbonate displayed good oxidative resistance at 200°C. but was found to lack toughness despite the presence of a low temperature transition at −100°C. A tendency toward brittleness was also evident in the other polymers and copolymers prepared. The contribution of the spiroindane structure to polymer properties is discussed. All of the polymers studied were amorphous and displayed high glass transition temperatures.
Interferometric microscope with true color imaging (2014)

Optical 3D profilers based on Coherence Scanning Interferometry (CSI) provide high-resolution non-contact metrology for a broad range of applications. Capture of true color information together with 3D topography enables the detection of defects, blemishes or discolorations that are not as easily identified in topography data alone. Uses for true color 3D imaging include image segmentation, detection of dissimilar materials and edge enhancement. This paper discusses the pros and cons of color capture using standard color detectors and presents an alternative solution that does not rely on color filters at the camera, thus preserving the high lateral and vertical resolution of CSI instruments.
Nucleotide Sequence of a Light Chain Gene of the Mouse I-A Subregion: Aβ <sup>d</sup> (1983)

Ia (I region-associated) antigens are cell-surface glycoproteins involved in the regulation of immune responsiveness. They are composed of one heavy (alpha) and one light (beta) polypeptide chain. We have sequenced the gene encoding the A beta d chain of the BALB/c mouse. The presence of six exons is predicted by comparison with the complementary DNA sequences of human beta chains and with partial protein sequence data for the A beta d polypeptide. Sequence comparisons have been made to other proteins involved in immune responses and the consequent implications for the evolutionary relationships of these genes are discussed.