gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 1GHz CMOS fourth-order continuous-time bandpass sigma delta modulator for RF receiver front end A/D conversion (2005)

A design and circuit implementation of a CMOS fourth-order continuous-time bandpass fs/4 sigma delta modulator is presented. The fully differential architecture of the modulator includes integrated LC resonators with active Q enhancement and return to zero, half return to zero latches to drive the feedback switched current source DACs. The modulator, designed for 0.18μm/1.8V 1P6M CMOS process occupies a total area of 1.8mm2 dissipating 290mW from a 1.8V power supply. At a sampling rate of 4GHz and a signal of 1GHz with 500kHz bandwidth, the circuit achieves a peak Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio (SNDR) of 38dB. A CMOS implementation of the modulator provides the feasibility of integrating the following DSP circuits on the same chip in a RF receiver. This paper is aimed to provide a CMOS solution for RF signal of 1GHz range.
Al Nucleation on Monohydride and Bare Si(001) Surfaces: Atomic Scale Patterning (1997)

Submonolayer coverages of Al were evaporated onto hydrogen-terminated $\mathrm{Si}(001)\ensuremath{-}(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ surfaces and studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Nanoscale patterns of bare Si were created by STM desorption of hydrogen, and the size and number density of Al islands on bare and monohydride areas of the surface were compared. Dramatic differences in island nucleation are observed which suggest that the diffusion length of Al adatoms on the monohydride region is much longer than on bare Si. With lowered deposition rates or faster diffusing species, the effects studied here may provide a basis for selective metal patterning at atomic dimensions.
Improved light extraction of organic light emitting diodes with a nanopillar pattering structure (2013)

We have investigated the properties of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a nanopillar patterning structure at organic—metal or organic—organic interfaces. The results demonstrate that the introduction of a nanopillar structure can improve the light extraction efficiency greatly. We also find that the number, height, and position of nanopillars all affect the light extraction of OLEDs. The maximum power efficiency of a device with an optimized nanopillar patterning mode can be improved to 2.47 times that of the reference device. This enhancement in light extraction originates from the improved injected carriers, the broadened charge recombination zone, and the intensified wave guiding effects.
Enhancing CO<sub>2</sub>adsorption of a Zn-phosphonocarboxylate framework by pore space partitions (2012)

Using structure-directing agents, pore space partitions of a Zn-phosphonocarboxylate framework have been achieved. Selective adsorption of CO(2) over N(2) has been greatly improved from ca. 9 : 1 to 94 : 1.
Association between asthma control and bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airways inflammation: a cross‐sectional study in daily practice (2009)

In a broad spectrum of asthmatics encountered in clinical practice, sputum eosinophilia and methacholine bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but not FE(NO), are associated with uncontrolled asthma.
Insertional activation of cepA leads to high-level beta-lactamase expression in Bacteroides fragilis clinical isolates (1994)

Bacteroides fragilis is an important opportunistic pathogen of humans and is resistant to many drugs commonly used to treat anaerobic infections, including beta-lactams. A strain set comprised of B. fragilis isolates producing either low or high levels of the endogenous cephalosporinase activity, CepA, has been described previously (M. B. Rogers, A. C. Parker, and C. J. Smith, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:2391-2400, 1993). Clones containing cepA genes from each of seven representative strains were isolated, and the DNA sequences were determined. Nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that there were few differences between the cepA coding sequences of the low- and high-activity strains. The cepA coding sequences were cloned into an expression vector, pFD340, and analyzed in a B. fragilis 638 cepA mutant. The results of beta-lactamase assays and ampicillin MICs showed that there was no significant difference in the enzymatic activity of structural genes from the high- or low-activity strains. Comparison of sequences upstream of the cepA coding region revealed that 50 bp prior to the translation start codon, the sequence for high-activity strains change dramatically. This region of the high-activity strains shared extensive homology with IS21, suggesting that an insertion was responsible for the increased expression of cepA in these isolates. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of total RNA by using cepA-specific DNA probes supported the idea that differential cepA expression in low- and high-activity strains was controlled at the level of transcription. However, the insertion did not alter the cepA transcription start site, which occurred 27 bp upstream of the ATG translation start codon in both expression classes. Possible mechanisms of cepA activation are discussed.
Design of analog blocks for low-voltage switched systems (2002)

Design of low-voltage CMOS analog circuits becomes particularly critical when switches are involved. To drive them into the on-state a gate voltage which is higher (or lower) than the handled signal by at least the threshold voltage is required. This strongly reduces the signal swing allowed. To overcome this problem a novel approach, the "switched" operational amplifier, has recently been proposed. The idea is very interesting but it suffers from a number of practical problems. In this paper we discuss existing solutions and we suggest a new implementation. Moreover, we propose a new approach, the "switched" unity gain amplifier and we discuss the implementation of switched capacitor building blocks with this solution. Finally, we present simulation results for the proposed circuits and provide some design guidelines.
Thermoreversible Gelation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-<i>co</i>-chlorotrifluoroethylene): Structure, Morphology, Thermodynamics, and Theoretical Prediction (2011)

Thermoreversible gelation of a copolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene), has been studied in a series of aromatic diesters (phthalates) with varying aliphatic chain length, n. The gelation rate gradually increases with increasing n, but no gelation occurs in dioctyl phthalate (n = 8), giving rise to a solvent dependency. Structures of gels and dried gels have been studied through X-ray diffraction and FTIR studies. Fibrillar morphology is evident for the series of solvents, but its dimension (both lateral and diameter) systematically changes with n. Solvent retention power of gels has gradually been increased with increasing n while the thermal degradation of copolymer occurs at same temperature, reflecting varying interactions between copolymer and various aliphatic chain length phthalates in gels. Phase diagrams of the gels exhibit the formation of two kinds of polymer−solvent complexes and have been predicted theoretically through electronic structure calculation. Both the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) have been performed to elucidate the structure of fibril indicating gradual changes in lamellar organization. The experimental data have been fitted with different models and power law to check their validity. Molecular modeling has been carried out to understand the nature of interaction between copolymer and the solvent through energy minimization program and found a typical n = 6 value of lowest dipolar distance, indicating strongest interaction. The magic number of six has further been explored through quantum chemical calculations.
Generating Color Palettes using Intuitive Parameters (2008)

Abstract Color is widely used in data visualization to show data values. The proper selection of colors is critical to convey information correctly. In this paper, we present a technique for generating univariate lightness ordered palettes. These are specified via intuitive input parameters that are used define the appearance of the palette: number of colors, hue, lightness, saturation, contrast and hue range. The settings of the parameters are used to generate curves through CIELUV color space. This color space is used in order to correctly translate the requirements in terms of perceptual properties to a set of colors. The presented palette generation method enables users to specify palettes that have these perceptual properties, such as perceived order, equal perceived distance and equal importance. The technique has been integrated in Magna View, a system for multivariate data visualization.
PathGraph: A Path Centric Graph Processing System (2016)

Large scale iterative graph computation presents an interesting systems challenge due to two well known problems: (1) the lack of access locality and (2) the lack of storage efficiency. This paper presents PathGraph, a system for improving iterative graph computation on graphs with billions of edges. First, we improve the memory and disk access locality for iterative computation algorithms on large graphs by modeling a large graph using a collection of tree-based partitions. This enables us to use path-centric computation rather than vertex-centric or edge-centric computation. For each tree partition, we re-label vertices using DFS in order to preserve consistency between the order of vertex ids and vertex order in the paths. Second, a compact storage that is optimized for iterative graph parallel computation is developed in the PathGraph system. Concretely, we employ delta-compression and store tree-based partitions in a DFS order. By clustering highly correlated paths together as tree based partitions, we maximize sequential access and minimize random access on storage media. Third but not the least, our path-centric computation model is implemented using a scatter/gather programming model. We parallel the iterative computation at partition tree level and perform sequential local updates for vertices in each tree partition to improve the convergence speed. To provide well balanced workloads among parallel threads at tree partition level, we introduce the concept of multiple stealing points based task queue to allow work stealings from multiple points in the task queue. We evaluate the effectiveness of PathGraph by comparing with recent representative graph processing systems such as GraphChi and X-Stream etc. Our experimental results show that our approach outperforms the two systems on a number of graph algorithms for both in-memory and out-of-core graphs. While our approach achieves better data balance and load balance, it also shows better speedup than the two systems with the growth of threads.
Bio-inspired in-network filtering for wireless sensor monitoring systems (2013)

In-network filtering schemes can be used for computing type-threshold functions in wireless sensor networks. Instead of relaying all data to a sink node, sensor nodes can filter measurements to provide only the set of data required to compute a given function (e.g., maximum, range). In this context, the network can progressively learn where relevant data are available and use this information to compute the function over time by only querying a subset of nodes. Trails between sink and these nodes can be obtained based on bio-inspired strategies, reducing the energy consumption and prolonging the network lifetime. The adaptive behavior of swarm intelligence allows to overcome a lot of obstacles presented in wireless communication networks. In this work, we evaluate the PhINP (Pheromone-based in Network Processing) mechanism, which drives the filtering process based on the integration of metaheuristic and learning algorithms. MAX function computation in oneand multiple-source environment monitoring is used as a case study. We show by simulation that communication cost can be significantly reduced respect to traditional mechanisms, increasing the network lifetime, while keeping a low computational error. Finally, node density requirements for efficient event detection in real applications are analyzed.
Recombinant Human Interferon γ: Adverse Effects in High-risk Stage I and II Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (1990)

Journal Article Recombinant Human Interferon γ: Adverse Effects in High-risk Stage I and II Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Get access FRANK L. MEYSKENS, FRANK L. MEYSKENS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KENNETH KOPECKY, KENNETH KOPECKY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL SAMSON, MICHAEL SAMSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar EVAN HERSH, EVAN HERSH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN MACDONALD, JOHN MACDONALD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HOWARD JAFFE, HOWARD JAFFE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN CROWLEY, JOHN CROWLEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CHARLES COLTMAN CHARLES COLTMAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 12, 20 June 1990, Page 1071, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.12.1071-a Published: 20 June 1990
Design of the Square Loop Frequency Selective Surfaces with Particle Swarm Optimization via the Equivalent Circuit Model (2009)

Abstract. In this study, Particle Swarm Optimization is applied for the design of Square Loop Frequency Selective
Electron bombardment apparatus for vacuum evaporation (1959)

Simple experimental arrangements are described for the evaporation of tantalum and zirconium from a pendant drop, maintained molten by electron bombardment. The method is clearly of general application and has advantages over existing techniques. Since there is no boat or container there is no possibility of solution of the boat material and consequent contamination of the evaporant. The material to be evaporated is used in wire or rod form; these may be very easily interchanged.
Control and Biochemical Nature of the Ecdysteroidogenic Pathway (2002)

Molting is elicited by a critical titer of ecdysteroids that includes the principal molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and ecdysone (E), which is the precursor of 20E but also has morphogenetic roles of its own. The prothoracic glands are the predominate source of ecdysteroids, and the rate of synthesis of these polyhydroxylated sterols is critical for molting and metamorphosis. This review concerns three aspects of ecdysteroidogenesis: (a) how the brain neuropeptide prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) initiates a transductory cascade in cells of the prothoracic gland, which results in an increased rate of ecdysteroid biosynthesis (upregulation); (b) how the concentrations of 20E in the hemolymph feed back on the prothoracic gland to decrease rates of ecdysteroidogenesis (downregulation); and (c) how the prothoracic gland cells convert cholesterol to the precursor of E and then 20E, a series of reactions only now being understood because of the use of a combination of classical biochemistry and molecular genetics.
Secretory phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> induces dendritic cell maturation (2004)

High level of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity is found in serum and biological fluids during the acute-phase response (APR). Extracellular PLA(2) in fluids of patients with inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, acute pancreatitis or rheumatoid arthritis is also associated with propagation of inflammation. PLA(2) activity is involved in the release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators from phospholipids of cellular membranes or circulating lipoproteins. PLA(2) may thus generate signals that influence immune responses. Here, group III secretory PLA(2) were tested for their ability to promote generation of functionally mature human dendritic cells (DC). PLA(2) treatment of differentiating monocytes in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4 yielded cells with phenotypical and functional characteristics of mature DC. This maturation was dependent on the dose of PLA(2), and PLA(2)-generated DC stimulated IFN-gamma secretion by allogeneic T cells. The effects of PLA(2) on DC maturation was mainly dependent on enzyme activity and correlated with the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1 and NFAT. The data suggest that transient increase in PLA(2) activity generates signals that promote transition of innate to adaptive immunity during the APR.
Electrochemical deposition of macroporous magnetic networks using colloidal templates (2003)

Nanostructuring of magnetic materials, on a scale comparable to the dimensions of the magnetic domain boundaries, is known to have a significant effect on the magnetic properties of a material. Here we demonstrate a simple and versatile technique for the preparation of two- or three-dimensional highly ordered macroporous cobalt, iron, nickel, and nickel iron alloy films containing close packed arrays of spherical holes of uniform size (an inverse opal structure). The films were prepared by electrochemical deposition from aqueous solution within the interstitial spaces of pre-assembled templates. The templates were assembled from colloidal polystyrene latex spheres (0.20, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00 µm in diameter) assembled onto gold electrode surfaces from aqueous solution by slow evaporation. Following the electrochemical deposition of the metal or alloy films the polystyrene templates were removed by dissolution in toluene. Scanning electron microscopy of the resulting films show well-formed two- or three-dimensional porous structures consisting of interconnected close packed arrays of spherical voids. X-Ray diffraction analysis confirms that the nickel iron alloy in the walls of the structure is polycrystalline fcc in structure with a grain size which is significantly smaller than the thickness of the walls. The diameter of the spherical voids within the structures can be varied by changing the diameter of the polystyrene latex spheres used to form the template. Studies of the magnetic properties of the macroporous films show a large coercivity enhancement in comparison to the corresponding plain films and we find that the coercive field gradually increases as the diameter of the spherical voids decreases for films of a constant thickness.
Lumbar Intradiscal Instillation With Aprotinin (1982)

From the Orthopaedic University Clinic, Bochum, West Germany,* and the Orthopaedic University Clinic, Koln, West Germany.†
Gaze-based Notetaking for Learning from Lecture Videos (2016)

Taking notes has been shown helpful for learning. This activity, however, is not well supported when learning from watching lecture videos. The conventional video interface does not allow users to quickly locate and annotate important content in the video as notes. Moreover, users sometimes need to manually pause the video while taking notes, which is often distracting. In this paper, we develop a gaze-based system to assist a user in notetaking while watching lecture videos. Our system has two features to support notetaking. First, our system integrates offline video analysis and online gaze analysis to automatically detect and highlight key content from the lecture video for notetaking. Second, our system provides adaptive video control that automatically reduces the video playback speed or pauses it while a user is taking notes to minimize the user's effort in controlling video. Our study shows that our system enables users to take notes more easily and with better quality than the traditional video interface.
Human Papillomavirus Distribution in Cervical Tissues of Different Morphology as Determined by Hybrid Capture Assay and PCR (1997)

Distribution of various types of genital human Papillomavirus (HPV) in smears from histologically classified cervical lesions was determined by hybrid capture assay (HCA) and was compared with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system using general primers (GP) in first and type specific primers (TS) in a second step. The overall agreement of high-risk HPV by HCA and the more sensitive GP/TS PCR was 80.6% (204 of 253, kappa value 0.6). Human Papillomavirus frequency by GP/TS PCR was 14-20% higher compared with HCA (p = 0.02-0.004) independent of morphology. Only one sample was positive by HCA and negative by GP/TS PCR. A significantly higher frequency was found using HCA and GP/TS PCR in smears from histologically proven cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) II/III compared with CIN I, tissues with minimal changes (metaplasia, cervicitis, or lack of glycogenization), or normal morphology (61% and 81% vs 8-15% and 24-34%, p < or = 0.001). Semi-quantitative estimate of HPV DNA copies by GP-PCR coincided with estimated virus load by quantitative HCA and was significantly higher in patients with CIN II/III compared with CIN I (p < 0.001). Thus, the GP-PCR may be used to monitor the amount of HPV DNA copies in clinical samples. A direct correlation between morphologic changes and HPV detection as well as virus load was found by HCA and the more sensitive GP/TS PCR.
The Mars Exploration Rover instrument positioning system (2005)

During Mars Exploration Rover (MER) surface operations, the scientific data gathered by the in situ instrument suite has been invaluable with respect to the discovery of a significant water history at Meridiani Planum and the hint of water processes at work in Gusev Crater. Specifically, the ability to perform precision manipulation from a mobile platform (i.e., mobile manipulation) has been a critical part of the successful operation of the Spirit and Opportunity rovers. As such, this paper describes the MER instrument positioning system that allows the in situ instruments to operate and collect their important science data using a robust, dexterous robotic arm combined with visual target selection and autonomous software functions.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm, Larval Control, 1985 (1986)

Abstract Corn was planted in 30-inch rows with a John Deere 7000 series 4-row planter on 26 Apr in a fall-plowed, spring-disked field at Champaign and on May 8 in a spring-disked (2x) field at Bloomington. Pioneer 3540 and Funks G-4326 hybrid seed corn was planted at Champaign and Bloomington, respectively. Granular insecticides were applied with Noble units mounted on each of the planter units. The granular insecticides were applied in a 7-inch band in front of the firming wheels, applied in a 7-inch band behind the firming wheels, or applied in the seed furrow. Dyfonate 15G and 20G were purposely applied in front of the firming wheels to see if phototoxicity would result. The granules in the banded treatments were incorporated with spring tines mounted behind the firming wheels. Dyfonate 4.6MS was applied in a 7-inch band over the row immediately following planting with a CO2 sprayer equipped with a single nozzle wand (Spraying Systems no. 8002E even flat fan nozzle, 3.0 ft/sec 20 psi, 10 gal water/acre based on a row width of 40 inches). Dyfonate 4.6MS and Dyfonate 4E cultivator treatments were applied in a 7-inch band over the row when corn was in the 3-leaf stage on May 28 (same spray system as above). All sprays were incorporated into the soil with a hand cultivator immediately after application. Each insecticide treatment consisted of a single 60-foot row arranged in a randomized complete block (Champaign) or a completely randomized (Bloomington) design with 4 replications per treatment. Root systems were evaluated for rootworm damage in mid-Jul by digging and washing 20 plants from each treatment (5 roots per row by 4 reps) and examining the roots for rootworm feeding damage. The standard Iowa 1 to 6 damage rating scale (1, little or no damage and 6, three or more nodes of roots destroyed) was used to measure damage.