gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Optical-Mechanical Design Of The IBM 6670 Laser Printhead</title> (1980)

A laser printhead is described that uses an 18 facet rotating mirror to produce a scanning spot of red light from a 5 milliwatt, HeNe laser. The scan has a high duty-cycle in a direction parallel to the irtruni axis of a conventional ellectrophotog.raphic processing system. The beam is modulated by an 80-megahertz, acoustooptic modulator that allows dot-switching times of 100 nanoseconds. The dot matrix is 240 x 240 per inch over an 8½- x 14-inch document area. Positional timing of the scanning spot is determined by a reference beam scanning a Ronchi grating. This beam is split from the fixed laser b a thin Wedge prism and passes through the same optical system as the scanning beam,. The reference beam is at a slightly different angle than the Bragg angle as it goes into the acoustooptic crystal, so is not affected by the acoustic waves that are transduced. The laser printhead has been designed as a hand-carried, compact, modular-component assembly that allows field replacement of several of its components including the laser.
Adenovirus-Mediated Interferon- <i>γ</i> Transfer Inhibits Growth of Transplanted HTLV-1 Tax Tumors in Mice (1996)

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T cell leukemia (ATL), and the virus-encoded trans-activator, Tax, plays an important role in T cell transformation. In the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-Tax transgenic mouse model, Tax expression causes fibroblastic tumors. A tumor-derived cell line (B line) obtained from an explant of a Tax-transformed tumor, was established. This line expresses high levels of many cytokines as a consequence of Tax activation. However, the tumors are not immunogenic when transplanted into syngeneic mice. Because B line cells do not express the immunogenic cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a replication-defective adenoviral vector was used to deliver the IFN-gamma gene to tumor cells. The recombinant IFN-gamma adenovirus (IFN-gamma/Ad) can efficiently infect B line cells, resulting in high levels of IFN-gamma expression and secretion. Local secretion of IFN-gamma from B line cells caused both CD(4+)- and CD(8+)-positive T cell infiltration, and completely inhibited local tumor development in transplanted mice. Immunization with these cells significantly delayed tumor development after subsequent challenges of parental tumor cells. Expression of IFN-gamma in B cells also partially inhibited the highly expressed immune suppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). This system provides us with a valuable tumor immune therapy model to evaluate the effects of cytokines in induction or inhibition of specific antitumor immunity.
Discussion on Skid Resistance of Pavement Surfaces (1968)

The concern for adequate skid resistance or friction of pavement surfaces is confined to wet weather conditions. Dry pavements are highly skid resistant unless the surface contains loose material, such as gravel, sand, etc., which could provide rolling action by the particles under the tires. Surface contaminates, such as oil, soft tars and asphalt, etc., could also provide lubrication to the surface and create a slippery condition. Normally, however, water is the lubricating agent reducing pavement friction and in some cases creating very hazardous driving conditions. Another situation of concern is drainage, or lack of proper drainage, of the pavement. Excessive water depth may cause the vehicle tires to hydroplane, i.e., the tires may become separated from the surface and ride partially or entirely on a water layer, thus causing loss of traction. Both of these conditions will be discussed in detail.
Minimizing multimodal functions of continuous variables with the “simulated annealing” algorithm—Corrigenda for this article is available here (1987)

A new global optimization algorithm for functions of continuous variables is presented, derived from the “Simulated Annealing” algorithm recently introduced in combinatorial optimization. The algorithm is essentially an iterative random search procedure with adaptive moves along the coordinate directions. It permits uphill moves under the control of a probabilistic criterion, thus tending to avoid the first local minima encountered. The algorithm has been tested against the Nelder and Mead simplex method and against a version of Adaptive Random Search. The test functions were Rosenbrock valleys and multiminima functions in 2,4, and 10 dimensions. The new method proved to be more reliable than the others, being always able to find the optimum, or at least a point very close to it. It is quite costly in term of function evaluations, but its cost can be predicted in advance, depending only slightly on the starting point.
Compound Palette Mode for Screen Content Coding (2019)

The Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) has been developing an emerging standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC), which includes screen contents as one of its requirements. Intra block copy (IBC) and palette coding are the two powerful coding tools for screen content coding. In this paper, a compound palette mode is proposed to exploit the advantages of both IBC and palette coding, which allows samples to be reconstructed by either IBC predictions or palette entries. The proposed method is evaluated with VVC reference software VTM4 on typical sequences containing "text and graphics with motion". Experimental results report significant coding gain that the proposed scheme can achieve 7.80% and 1.03% BD-rate savings under AI conditions on average when compared with VTM4 and the existing palette scheme.
Requirement of Receptor Internalization for Opioid Stimulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Biochemical and Immunofluorescence Confocal Microscopic Evidence (1999)

Previously, we implicated the opioid receptor (OR), Gbetagamma subunits, and Ras in the opioid activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family involved in mitogenic signaling. We now report that OR endocytosis also plays a role in the opioid stimulation of ERK activity. COS-7 and HEK-293 cells were cotransfected with the cDNA of delta-, mu;-, or kappa-OR, dynamin wild-type (DWT), or the dominant suppressor mutant dynamin K44A, which blocks receptor endocytosis. The activation of ERK by opioid agonists in the presence of DWT was detected. In contrast, parallel ectopic coexpression of the K44A mutant with OR, followed by agonist treatment, resulted in a time-dependent attenuation of ERK activation. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of delta-OR and DWT-cotransfected COS-7 cells revealed that agonist exposure for 10 min resulted in an ablation of cell surface delta-OR immunoreactivity (IR) and an intensification of cytoplasmic (presumably endosomal) staining as seen in the absence of overexpressed DWT. After 1 hr of delta-agonist exposure the cells displayed substantial internalization of delta-OR IR. If the cells were cotransfected with delta-OR and dynamin mutant K44A, OR IR was retained on the cell surface even after 1 hr of delta-agonist treatment. Parallel immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, using an anti-ERK antibody, showed that agonist-induced time-dependent ERK IR trafficking into perinuclear and nuclear loci was impaired in the internalization-defective cells. Thus, both biochemical and immunofluorescence confocal microscopic evidence supports the hypothesis that the opioid activation of ERK requires receptor internalization in transfected mammalian cells.
Using active server pages and simulation techniques to create virtual M&M's (2001)

The M&M problem is an excellent example of a nontrivial yet simple method for summarizing sampled data that are then used in making decisions. Simulating the creation of virtual M&M's that can be copied and pasted into a spreadsheet as the raw data for the M&M problem provides a way for students to get a unique sample of M&M's, thus modeling how, in an information systems environment, sampled raw data can often be captured electronically rather than being entered by hand as would be the case with a physical package of M&M's. Previously presented using client-side JavaScript, this paper presents a solution to the same problem using server-side Active Server Pages, thus avoiding compatibility problems of client-side scripting. The paper serves as a short introduction to both programming in Active Server Pages and to simulating discrete events.
The Earth and Time (1988)

The ancients considered the Earth to be flat and located at the centre of the Universe, with the sky a crystal dome on which the stars were fixed. Around 2 000 bc Aristotle realised that the Earth is a globe. There is clear evidence to support this view. For instance, there is the differing altitude of the pole star as seen from different locations and the fact that the most southerly of the constellations are only rendered visible by travelling southwards (the converse is true for people living in the southern hemisphere). More commonly known is the phenomenon of a ship travelling away from the shore disappearing from view whilst its sails are still visible above the horizon. The sails are then seen to 'sink' below the horizon as the ship further recedes.KeywordsCelestial BodySolar TimeSidereal TimeVernal EquinoxCelestial PoleThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Human body epigenome maps reveal noncanonical DNA methylation variation (2015)

Understanding the diversity of human tissues is fundamental to disease and requires linking genetic information, which is identical in most of an individual's cells, with epigenetic mechanisms that could have tissue-specific roles. Surveys of DNA methylation in human tissues have established a complex landscape including both tissue-specific and invariant methylation patterns. Here we report high coverage methylomes that catalogue cytosine methylation in all contexts for the major human organ systems, integrated with matched transcriptomes and genomic sequence. By combining these diverse data types with each individuals' phased genome, we identified widespread tissue-specific differential CG methylation (mCG), partially methylated domains, allele-specific methylation and transcription, and the unexpected presence of non-CG methylation (mCH) in almost all human tissues. mCH correlated with tissue-specific functions, and using this mark, we made novel predictions of genes that escape X-chromosome inactivation in specific tissues. Overall, DNA methylation in several genomic contexts varies substantially among human tissues.
Validation of a Time‐Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for Measuring Plasma Cortisol in Channel Catfish <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> (2002)

Abstract.— A time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR‐FIA) marketed for measuring cortisol in human sera was evaluated and validated for use in the quantification of plasma cortisol concentrations of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus . Time‐resolved fluoroim‐munoassays provide non‐isotopic alternatives to the use of radioimmunoassays (RIA). The evaluated TR‐FIA satisfied strict criteria of precision (intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CV) < 7%) and reproducibility (inter‐assay CV ≤ 9%). Accuracy of the TR‐FIA, calculated as the percent of exogenous cortisol recovered from spiked catfish plasma, averaged 99.5%. Assay sensitivity (minimum detection limit) in catfish plasma was 1.2 ng/mL, and the displacement curve for serially diluted channel catfish plasma paralleled the cortisol standard curve. Plasma cortisol concentrations of channel catfish in the presence and absence of a confinement stressor were used to characterize the im‐munoreactive cortisol measurable by TR‐FIA, and compared favorably to RIA values for the same samples ( r 2 = 0.95, P < 0.001).
Arthropod-Resistant and -Susceptible Geraniums (1991)

Glandular trichome exudate from insect resistant and susceptible geraniums (Pelargonium xhortorum) was chemically analyzed to determine differences between the two plant lines. Hplc analysis of the exudate from resistant plants showed that it was predominantly made up of unsaturated anacardic acids, with the C22 ω5 and C24 ω5 anacardic acids contributing nearly 80% of the total. By contrast, the exudate from the susceptible plants was chiefly saturated, with the C22 and C24 saturated anacardic acids contributing nearly 50% of the total. The C22 ω5 and C24 ω5 anacardic acids were only present in trace amounts. In addition a number of other significant peaks observed in the chromatograms of extracts from susceptible plants, and also seen in small amounts in the resistant profile, were isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy. Two unsaturated anacardic acids, which contributed nearly 30% of the total exudate in the susceptible plant, and only seen in trace amounts in the resistant plant, were identified as C24 ω6,9 and C24 ω9 anacardic acids. A number of odd chain length and branched chain anacardic acids, were also isolated and identified.
Adherence of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli of serotype O 157: H7 to human epithelial cells in tissue culture: role of outer membranes as bacterial adhesins (1988)

Escherichia coli of serotype O157:H7 are Vero cytotoxin-producing enteric pathogens that have recently been associated with outbreaks of haemorrhagic colitis, sporadic cases of haemorrhagic colitis and with the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The organisms demonstrate attaching and effacing binding to the caecum and colon of orally infected gnotobiotic piglets, chickens and infant rabbits. E. coli O157:H7 cells adhere to the surface but do not invade the cytoplasm of human epithelial cell lines in tissue culture. Since outer membranes, lipopolysaccharides and flagella have been identified as bacterial adhesins on other enteric pathogens, we evaluated their roles in the binding of non-fimbriated E. coli O157:H7 to HEp-2 cells. Hyperimmune rabbit antisera were prepared to whole cells, outer membranes and flagella of E. coli O157:H7. The presence of antibody to homologous antigen was confirmed by dot blot immunoassays. Both antisera and purified outer membrane and flagellar antigens were co-incubated with bacteria and HEp-2 cells to quantitate inhibition of bacterial attachment. Adherence of E. coli O157:H7 to tissue culture cells was inhibited by rabbit antisera raised to whole cells (76.0 +/- 5.6% inhibition compared with bacterial adherence in the presence of pre-immune rabbit serum) and outer membranes (69.2 +/- 3.4% inhibition). In contrast, inhibition of bacterial attachment to tissue-culture cells was significantly less when two antisera to H7 flagella were co-incubated with E. coli O157:H7 and HEp-2 cells (12.4 +/- 7.6%; 6.0 +/- 3.5% inhibition). Outer-membrane extracts inhibited adherence to E. coli O157:H7 to HEp-2 cells in a concentration dependent manner whereas isolated flagella and lipopolysaccharide antigens did not inhibit bacterial attachment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Steady-state pharmacokinetics of a once-daily theophylline formulation (Euphylong) when given twice daily. (1994)

In a multiple-dose crossover study in 18 healthy male volunteers the steady-state pharmacokinetics of Euphylong, which has been designed for once-daily evening administration, was investigated after conventional twice-daily administration. Under both modes of administration 2 plasma level profiles over 24-hours each were taken during steady-state (day 5/6 and day 8/9, respectively), in order to assess the reproducibility from day to day. The extent of absorption (AUC) was equivalent for both dosing schemes. The intentional differences in pharmacokinetic profiles between the once-daily and twice-daily administration were reflected in the maximum concentrations (15.0 vs 12.1 mg/l), the plateau time T75% Cmax (11.5 vs 17.1 hours), the percent peak-trough fluctuation (94 vs 47%) and the nocturnal excess (37 vs 4%). Results are given for day 8/9, but were practically identical on day 5/6. Thus, the twice-daily administration provides very smooth plasma levels over 24 hours, however, at the expense of the loss of the nocturnal excess which is of clinical relevance in the treatment of nocturnal asthma.
The deformable workspace: A membrane between real and virtual space (2008)

We propose a variant of the multi-touch display technology that introduces an original way of manipulating three-dimensional data. The underlying metaphor is that of a deformable screen that acts as a boundary surface between the real and the virtual worlds. By doing so, the interface can create the illusion of continuity between the userpsilas real space and the virtual three-dimensional space. The prototype system presented here enables this by employing three key technologies: a tangible and deformable projection screen, a real-time three-dimensional sensing mechanism, and an algorithm for dynamic compensation for anamorphic projection. This paper introduces the concept of the deformable tangible workspace, and describes the required technologies for implementing it. Also, several applications developed on a prototype system are detailed and demonstrated.
The euro interest rate swap market (2003)

The euro interest rate swap market is one of the largest and most liquid financial markets in the world. Indeed, the swap curve is emerging as the preeminent benchmark yield curve in euro financial markets, against which even some government bonds are now often referenced. However, owing to the current structure of the swap market, liquidity is not as robust to market stress as in the larger government securities and futures markets.
The design and fabrication of thin-film CdS/Cu<sub>2</sub>S cells of 9.15-percent conversion efficiency (1980)

Thin-film polycrystalline CdS/Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> S cells with energy conversion efficiencies in sunlight of up to 9.15 percent and areas of ∼1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> have been developed. The improvement over previously achieved efficiencies is due to the development of techniques to separately measure and minimize fill factor losses. Specific design and fabrication changes based on a detailed quantitative analysis of the cell operation, were introduced to correct series resistance, shunt conductance and field effect losses. Further increases in efficiency can be expected from the development of a planar junction thin-film CdS/Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> S cell.
Generating electricity from the sun (1991)

Introduction, F C Treble. Photovoltaic and solar radiation, A A M Sayigh. The crystalline silicon solar cell, F C Treble. Crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, F C Treble. Flat-plate arrays, F C Treble. Performance measurement, F C Treble. Photovoltaic systems, F C Treble. Polycrystalline solar cells, R Hill. Long term prospects of photovoltaics, C Chambouleyron. Battery storage for photovoltaic applications, A O Nilsson. Nickel cadmium pocket plate batteries in photovoltaic applications, A O Nilsson. Photovoltaic concentration, A Luque. Recent developments in single and polycrystalline silicon cells, W Schmidt. Pilot and demonstration projects, F C Treble.
Haspin‐like proteins: A new family of evolutionarily conserved putative eukaryotic protein kinases (2001)

Haspin (haploid germ cell-specific nuclear protein kinase) is reported to be a serine/threonine kinase that may play a role in cell-cycle cessation and differentiation of haploid germ cells. In addition, Haspin mRNA can be detected in diploid cell lines and tissues. Here, Haspin-like proteins are identified in several major eukaryotic phyla-including yeasts, plants, flies, fish, and mammals-and an extended group in Caenorhabditis elegans. The Haspin-like proteins have a complete but divergent eukaryotic protein kinase domain sequence. Although clearly related to one another and to other eukaryotic protein kinases, the Haspin-related proteins lack conservation of a subset of residues that are almost invariant in known kinases and possess distinctive inserted regions. In fact, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Haspin-like proteins form a novel eukaryotic protein kinase family distinct from those previously defined. The identification of related proteins in model organisms provides some initial insight into their functional properties and will provide new experimental avenues by which to determine the function of the Haspin proteins in mammalian cells.
<i>The Feynman Lectures on Physics</i> (1964)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, S. B. Treiman; The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Physics Today 1 August 1964; 17 (8): 45–46. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3051743 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Plasma Membrane Estrogen Receptors Exist and Functions as Dimers (2004)

A small pool of estrogen receptors (ERalpha and -beta) localize at the plasma membrane and rapidly signal to affect cellular physiology. Although nuclear ERs function mainly as homodimers, it is unknown whether membrane-localized ER exists or functions with similar requirements. We report that the endogenous ER isoforms at the plasma membrane of breast cancer or endothelial cells exist predominantly as homodimers in the presence of 17beta-estradiol (E2). Interestingly, in endothelial cells made from ERalpha /ERbeta homozygous double-knockout mice, membrane ERalpha or ERbeta are absent, indicating that the endogenous membrane receptors derive from the same gene(s) as the nuclear receptors. In ER-negative breast cancer cells or Chinese hamster ovary cells, we expressed and compared wild-type and dimer mutant mouse ERalpha. Only wild-type ERalpha supported the ability of E2 to rapidly activate ERK, cAMP, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. This resulted from E2 activating Gsalpha and Gqalpha at the membrane in cells expressing the wild-type, but not the dimer mutant, ERalpha. Intact, but not dimer mutant, ERalpha also supported E2-induced epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and cell survival. We also confirmed the requirement of dimerization for membrane ER function using a second, less extensively mutated, human ERalpha. In summary, endogenous membrane ERs exist as dimers, a structural requirement that supports rapid signal transduction and affects cell physiology.
Correlates of medication error in hospitals. (2008)

Nearly one-fifth (19%) of hospital RNs reported that medication error involving patients in their care had occurred "occasionally" or "frequently" in the past year. In the fully adjusted multivariate model, medication error was positively associated with usually working overtime, role overload, perceived staffing or resource inadequacy, low co-worker support, and low job security. Usually working a 12-hour shift, compared with shorter shifts, was negatively associated with medication error.