gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological Attributes Related to Quality Attributes and Storage Life of Minimally Processed Lettuce (1993)

Relationships between storage quality attributes, such as russet spotting and browning intensity, and physiological attributes, such as soluble phenolic content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities, of minimally processed crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were studied. The processed lettuce tissue was kept in air or air plus ethylene at 2 or 5 μl·liter -1 at 2.5 or 5C for 1 to 4 days and then transferred to air at 2.5, 5, or 20C for 1 to several days. None of the above physiological attributes of the initial samples from eight lettuce cultivars (Calmar, El Toro, Sea Green, Pacific, Monterey, Salinas 88, 86-13, and Nerone) and three maturity stages (immature, mature, and overmature) correlated with their storage quality. However, ethylene-induced PPO and PAL activities and browning intensity measured 3 to 4 days after harvest consistently and significantly correlated with the final visual quality of the ethylene-treated, minimally processed lettuce after 6 to 10 days of storage. Among these three attributes, ethylene induced a 2.5- to 5.3-fold increase in PAL activity, while the relative changes in PPO activity and browning intensity were only 23% to 68%. Ethylene-induced PAL activity possibly may be used as an index to predict the storage life of minimally processed lettuce.
Use of trans sodium crocetinate for sensitizing glioblastoma multiforme to radiation (2008)

Use of TSC improves the extent of GBM tumor regression following radiation therapy and enhances survival. Radiosensitization of hypoxic tumors through increased oxygen diffusion may have clinical utility in patients with GBM tumors but must be explored in a clinical trial.
Effects of patient age and choice of antisecretory agent on success of eradication therapy for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection (2017)

The effects of patient age on the efficacy of eradication treatment for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether age affects eradication therapy involving vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB). We reviewed the cases of 3,261 patients who were administered first-line and second-line <i>H. pylori</i> eradication therapy at Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. The first-line treatment was clarithromycin and amoxicillin combined with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or a PCAB. The second-line treatment was metronidazole and amoxicillin combined with a PPI or PCAB. The patients were divided into a young to middle-aged group (age ≤50 years) and an older group (age >50 years) as well as into PPI and PCAB groups. The PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin regimen demonstrated a significantly lower <i>H. pylori</i> eradication rate than the PCAB-clarithromycin-amoxicillin regimen (<i>p</i><0.001). With the PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin regimen, the eradication rate in the young to middle-aged group was significantly lower than that in the older group (<i>p</i><0.001). Lastly, age had no impact on the eradication rate of PCAB-based therapy or metronidazole-based therapy. In conclusion, with clarithromycin-based triple therapy, PCAB is a better choice of antisecretory agent compared to PPIs, especially in young to middle-aged patients.
Thermally stable ohmic contacts to <i>n</i>-type GaAs. II. MoGeInW contact metal (1987)

It was previously found that a small amount of In impurity was able to convert MoGeW contacts from Schottky to ohmic behavior yielding thermally stable, low-resistance ohmic contacts n-type GaAs. In the present experiment transport measurements and materials studies were carried out for MoGeInW contacts in which a thin layer of In was directly added to the MoGeW contacts during deposition. The transition from Schottky to ohmic behavior was observed by adding an In layer as thin as ∼1 nm to the MoGeW. Contact resistances were found to be very sensitive to the deposition sequence, the annealing method, the annealing temperature, and the In layer thickness. Low resistances of ∼0.5 Ω mm were obtained in the MoGeInW contacts with 2-nm-thick In layers, annealed by the heat-pulse method at temperatures in the range of 880–960 °C for 2 s. Contact resistances were stable during subsequent annealing at 400 °C for 100 h. Evidence of formation of the parallel diode areas with various barrier heights was obtained for these contacts after annealing at elevated temperatures. These low-barrier-height areas are believed to be the interfaces between the contact metals and InGaAs phases. The composition within the ternary phases was uniform, and no composition gradient was observed. The composition was determined by small-probe x-ray energy dispersive spectrum to be close to In0.2Ga0.8As. The distribution of these ternary phases, influenced by the contact fabrication process parameters, strongly affected the contact resistance.
Characterization of Physical Interactions of the Putative Transcriptional Adaptor, ADA2, with Acidic Activation Domains and TATA-binding Protein (1995)

RNA polymerase II transcription requires functional interactions between activator proteins bound to upstream DNA sites and general factors bound to the core promoter. Accessory transcription factors, such as adaptors and coactivators, have important, but still unclear, roles in the activation process. We tested physical interactions of the putative adaptor ADA2 with activation domains derived from acidic activator proteins and with certain general transcription factors. ADA2 associated with the herpesvirus VP16 and yeast GCN4 activation domains but not with the activation domain of yeast HAP4, which previously was shown to be independent of ADA2 function in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the amino terminus of ADA2 directly interacted with the VP16 activation domain, suggesting that ADA2 provides determinants for interaction between activation domains and the adaptor complex. Both TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TFIIB have previously been shown to interact directly with the VP16 activation domain in vitro (Stringer, K. F., Ingles, C. J., and Greenblatt, J. (1990) Nature 345, 783-786; Lin, Y. S., Ha, I., Maldonado, E., Reinberg, D., and Green, M. R. (1991) Nature 353, 569-571). Interestingly, when binding was tested between VP16 and these general factors in yeast nuclear extracts, both factors interacted with VP16, but only the TBP/VP16 association was dependent on ADA2. In addition, ADA2 physically associated with TBP, but not with TFIIB. These results suggest that the role of ADA2 in transcriptional activation is to promote physical interaction between activation domains and TBP.
Complications and management of implanted venous access catheters. (1985)

A totally implanted subclavian venous access system composed of a reservoir and silastic catheter was employed in 92 patients receiving infusion chemotherapy and/or hyperalimentation. The major catheter complication was subclavian or jugular vein thrombosis observed in 15 patients (16%). Thrombosis was observed in the ipsilateral subclavian or jugular vein surrounding the catheter without restricting function, except in two patients with thrombosis in the vein at the end of the catheter. Prophylaxis with low-dose Coumadin was effective in preventing thrombosis in high-risk patients as defined by a history of prior thrombosis. Streptokinase and/or heparin relieved the signs and symptoms of thrombosis, but clot dissolution or reversal of collateral flow was not observed. Explantation of the catheter was not necessary in all patients in that embolic complications of the thrombosis were not observed, and the system was retained and functioned in five patients in spite of the presence of thrombosis around the catheter. Other complications of the implanted system include "pocket" infection, catheter migration, and occlusion. Most complications may be managed without obligate catheter removal.
A non-destructive method to determine the depth-dependence of three-dimensional residual stress states by X-ray diffraction (1993)

A new non-destructive method is presented to determine the depth-dependence of the stress tensor sigma ij from measurements that apply radiations from different conventional X-ray tubes. Experimentally, the method is based on the measurement procedure for the two-dimensional stress state. A suitable parameterization of the three-dimensional state developed from elasticity theory is used to fit all diffraction peak positions simultaneously, which yields the tensor components sigma ij(z) consistently. The relationship of the new method to more conventional stress determination techniques is briefly discussed. The method has been applied to a test piece formed from a commercial titanium alloy.
Sonographic Assessment of Carotid Artery Stenosis (1996)

This pilot study suggests that PDI provides additional information for luminal measurement and characterization of plaque surface in complicated high-grade carotid stenosis. Because of the absent visualization of hemodynamics, PDI should be used in combination with CDFI.
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Image Super-resolution (2012)

Super-resolution methods form high-resolution images from low-resolution images. In this paper, we develop a new Bayesian nonparametric model for super-resolution. Our method uses a beta-Bernoulli process to learn a set of recurring visual patterns, called dictionary elements, from the data. Because it is nonparametric, the number of elements found is also determined from the data. We test the results on both benchmark and natural images, comparing with several other models from the research literature. We perform large-scale human evaluation experiments to assess the visual quality of the results. In a first implementation, we use Gibbs sampling to approximate the posterior. However, this algorithm is not feasible for large-scale data. To circumvent this, we then develop an online variational Bayes (VB) algorithm. This algorithm finds high quality dictionaries in a fraction of the time needed by the Gibbs sampler.
Human cytochrome P4502B6: interindividual hepatic expression, substrate specificity, and role in procarcinogen activation. (1997)

The level of expression and interindividual variation in human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 was characterized using a polyclonal antibody (WB-2B6) raised against rat CYP2B1. Immunoblot analysis using cDNA-expressed human CYPs revealed strong cross-reactivity of this antibody with CYP2B6 (limit of detection < 0.05 pmol) and only minor cross-reactivities with human CYP2A6, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, all of which could be resolved from CYP2B6 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of human liver microsomes using this antibody revealed immunodetectable CYP2B6 protein in a majority of individual liver samples, with levels up to 74 pmol/mg protein in the CYP2B6-positive samples. Kinetic analysis of cDNA-expressed CYPs identified many of these enzymes as catalysts of 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (7EFC) O-deethylation, but with significantly different apparent K(M) values (CYP1A2 < CYP2B6 approximately CYP1A1 < CYP2C19 < CYP2C9 < CYP2E1 < CYP2A6). By assaying liver microsomal 7EFC O-deethylase activity at a low 7EFC concentration (5 microM) and preincubating human liver microsomes with anti-CYP1A, anti-CYP2C, and anti-CYP2E1 antibodies, we were able to monitor CYP2B6-dependent 7EFC O-deethylase activity in a panel of 17 human liver microsomes and observe a significant correlation (r2 = 0.80) between this activity and CYP2B6 protein content. The ability of CYP2B6 to activate prodrugs and procarcinogens was examined using gene locus mutation assays in CYP2B6-expressing human lymphoblast cells. CYP2B6-expressing cells were found to be more sensitive than control cells to the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of cyclophosphamide, aflatoxin B1, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. CYP2B6 is thus a widely expressed human liver microsomal CYP that can contribute to a broad range of drug metabolism and procarcinogen activation reactions.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Radamide Analogues, A Chimera of Radicicol and Geldanamycin (2009)

Previously, we reported the Hsp90 inhibitory activity of radamide, an open chain amide chimera of geldanamycin and radicicol. Attempts to further expand upon structure-activity relationships for this class of Hsp90 inhibitors led to the preparation of a series of radamide analogues focused on differing tether lengths and quinone mimics. In addition, the cup-shaped conformation adopted by the two natural products when bound to the Hsp90 N-terminal ATP binding pocket suggests that conformationally biased compounds may demonstrate improved binding and inhibition. The preparation and evaluation of radamide analogues with cis/trans alpha,beta-unsaturated amides yielded compounds that exhibit improved antiproliferative activity. In addition, several analogues demonstrated the ability to induce degradation of Hsp90-dependent oncogenic signaling proteins in vitro, a hallmark of Hsp90 N-terminal inhibition.
Alignment Technology and Applications of Liquid Crystal Devices (2005)

Alignment phenomena are characteristic of liquid crystalline materials, and understanding them is critically important in understanding the essential features and behavior of liquid crystals and the performance of Liquid Crystal Devices (LCDs). Furthermore, in LCD production lines, the alignment process is of practical importance. Alignment Technologies and Applications of Liquid Crystal Devices demonstrates both the fundamental and practical aspects of alignment phenomena in liquid crystals. The physical basis of alignment phenomena is first introduced in order to aid the understanding of the various physical phenomena observed in the interface between liquid crystalline materials and alignment layer surfaces. Methods for the characterization of surfaces, which induce the alignment phenomena, and of the alignment layer itself are introduced. These methods are useful for the research of liquid crystalline materials and devices in academic research as well as in industry. In the practical sections, the alignment methods used in the LCD production lines are introduced with various other trials for the alignment technologies. LCD performances are also discussed in relation to alignment phenomena. The authors have a wide range of experience in both academic research and in industry. This book will be of interest to researchers and engineers working in the LCD industry, and for physics and chemistry researchers studying liquid crystalline materials.
Electrospinning of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/dimethylformamide solutions with carbon nanotubes (2003)

Abstract For conductive carbon nanotube (CN)/polymer composite fibers to be obtained, CNs were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions and electrospun to form CN/PVDF fiber mats. The thinnest fiber was 70 nm thick. The percolation threshold for the insulator‐to‐conductor transition was 0.003 wt % CN for CN/PVDF/DMF solutions, 0.015 wt % CN for CN/PVDF spin‐coated films, and 0.04 wt % CN for CN/PVDF electrospun fiber mats. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1572–1577, 2003
<title>Flat Field Imaging Spectroscopy Using Aberration Corrected Holographic Gratings</title> (1981)

In this paper it will be seen that an aberration corrected holographic diffraction grating can function as the sole optical component in a spectrograph. The use of such a grating has shown that over a flat focal plane, resolution was maintained. In the examples described, two gratings were tested; one of which operated in the range of 2000-8000Å, the other 4000-8000Å, each range distributed over 25mm. Resolution was found to be constant up to lmm on each side of the optical axis perpendicular to dispersion, permitting spatial resolution with wavelength. The device is reviewed in terms of its applications in astronomy and analytical spectroscopy.
Design of Smart Modular Variable Stiffness Actuators for Robotic-Assistive Devices (2017)

Sensors and actuators are the core components of all mechatronic systems used in a broad range of diverse applications. A relatively new and rapidly evolving area is the one of rehabilitation and assistive devices that comes to support and improve the quality of human life. Novel exoskeletons have to address many functional and cost-sensitive issues such as safety, adaptability, customization, modularity, scalability, and maintenance. Therefore, a smart variable stiffness actuator was developed. The described approach was to integrate in one modular unit a compliant actuator with all sensors and electronics required for real-time communications and control. This paper also introduces a new method to estimate and control the actuator's torques without using dedicated expensive torque sensors in conditions where the actuator's torsional stiffness can be adjusted by the user. A 6-degrees-of-freedom exoskeleton was assembled and tested using the technology described in this paper, and is introduced as a real-life case study for the mechatronic design, modularity, and integration of the proposed smart actuators, suitable for human-robot interaction. The advantages are discussed together with possible improvements and the possibility of extending the presented technology to other areas of mechatronics.
A block-based robust dependency parser for unrestricted Chinese text (2000)

Although substantial efforts have been made to parse Chinese, very few have been practically used due to incapability of handling unrestricted texts. This paper realizes a practical system for Chinese parsing by using a hybrid model of phrase structure partial parsing and dependency parsing. This system showed good performance and high robustness in parsing unrestricted texts and has been applied in a successful machine translation product.
Rolling of rings (1979)

AbstractAbstractRing rolling as a hot-forming process and as a cold-forming precision process for producing small profiled rings is well established in industry. The practices and the mechanics of the process are reviewed with the aim of drawing attention to useful available information about it.
Distortion Reducing Means for Single-Sideband Transmitters (1956)

The need for reduced levels of intermodulation distortion products from linear rf power amplifiers is increasing as the state of the art advances. Two basic means of reducing distortion to levels better than is obtainable from available tubes are shown. One is direct rf feedback and the other is envelope distortion cancelling modulation. Some of the problems and limitations as well as advantages and performance characteristics are presented to aid the reader in evaluating these methods. RF feedback is a superior method, although useful amounts of distortion reduction can be achieved using envelope distortion cancelling modulation. A circuit of an amplifier combining both methods is shown which produces better performance than using either alone.
ESPRIT-based 2-D direction finding with a sparse uniform array of electromagnetic vector sensors (2000)

Aperture extension (interferometry baseline extension) is achieved in this novel ESPRIT-based two-dimensional (2-D) arrival angle estimation scheme using a sparse (a.k.a., thin or thinned) uniform rectangular array of electromagnetic vector sensors spaced much farther apart than a half-wavelength. An electromagnetic vector sensor is composed of six spatially co-located, orthogonally oriented, diversely polarized antennas, distinctly measuring all six electromagnetic-field components of an incident multisource wavefield. Each incident source's direction of arrival (DOA) is estimated from the source's electromagnetic-field vector component and serves as a coarse reference to disambiguate the cyclic phase ambiguities in ESPRIT's eigenvalues when the intervector sensor spacing exceeds a half wavelength. Simulations demonstrate the significant performance gain realizable by this method for radar and wireless mobile fading-channel communications.
Identification of a Dantrolene-binding Sequence on the Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor (2002)

Dantrolene is a drug that suppresses intracellular Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscle and is used as a therapeutic agent in individuals susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. Although its precise mechanism of action has not been elucidated, we have identified the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-1400) of the skeletal muscle isoform of the ryanodine receptor (RyR1), the primary Ca(2+) release channel in SR, as a molecular target for dantrolene using the photoaffinity analog [(3)H]azidodantrolene. Here, we demonstrate that heterologously expressed RyR1 retains its capacity to be specifically labeled with [(3)H]azidodantrolene, indicating that muscle specific factors are not required for this ligand-receptor interaction. Synthetic domain peptides of RyR1 previously shown to affect RyR1 function in vitro and in vivo were exploited as potential drug binding site mimics and used in photoaffinity labeling experiments. Only DP1 and DP1-2s, peptides containing the amino acid sequence corresponding to RyR1 residues 590-609, were specifically labeled by [(3)H]azidodantrolene. A monoclonal anti-RyR1 antibody that recognizes RyR1 and its 1400-amino acid N-terminal fragment recognizes DP1 and DP1-2s in both Western blots and immunoprecipitation assays and specifically inhibits [(3)H]azidodantrolene photolabeling of RyR1 and its N-terminal fragment in SR. Our results indicate that synthetic domain peptides can mimic a native, ligand-binding conformation in vitro and that the dantrolene-binding site and the epitope for the monoclonal antibody on RyR1 are equivalent and composed of amino acids 590-609.
Purification and Characterization of Colicin E2 and Colicin E3 (1967)

Colicin E2 and colicin E3 were purified from Escherichia coli W3110(ColE2) and W3110(ColE,), respectively, by salt extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephadex and carboxymethyl Sephadex.Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugal characterization, immunochemical analysis, and isoelectric density gradient electrophoresis indicated that both protein preparations were homogeneous.Colicin EP, however, was shown to exist under certain conditions in two active, electrophoretically distinguishable forms, which were interconvertible.Biochemical analysis showed that both colicin EP and colicin E3 are simple proteins composed exclusively of amino acids.Both proteins have sedimentation coefficients of 4.0 S and molecular weights of approximately 60,000.Amino acid and immunochemical analyses of colicins Ez and Es suggest that there are regions of similar structure in the two proteins as well as regions unique to each protein.These observations are consistent with the specificity for the same receptor site, the differing modes of hilling action, and the differing responses to immunity exhibited by these two colicins.
Development of a Functional Basis for Design (1999)

Functional models represent a form independent blueprint of a product. As with any blueprint or schematic, a consistent language or coding system is required to ensure others can read it. This paper introduces such a design language, called a functional basis, where product function is characterized in a verb-object (function-flow) format. The set of functions and flows is intended to comprehensively describe the mechanical design space. Clear definitions are provided for each function and flow. The functional basis is compared to previous functional representations and is shown to subsume these attempts as well as offer a more consistent classification scheme. Applications to the areas of product architecture development, function structure generation, and design information archival and transmittal are discussed. [S1050-0472(00)00704-2]