gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a GC/MS Thermal Desorption System with Simultaneous Sniffing for Determination of Off-Odor Compounds and VOCs in Fumes Formed during Extrusion Coating of Low-Density Polyethylene (2001)

A thermal desorption equipment introducing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric system (GC/MS) with simultaneous sniffing (SNIFF) is a suitable method for identifying the volatile organic off-odor compounds formed during the extrusion coating process of low-density polyethylene. Fumes emitted during the extrusion coating process of three different plastic materials were collected at two different temperatures (285 and 315 degrees C) from an outgoing pipe and near an extruder. The VOCs of fumes were analyzed by drawing a known volume of air through the adsorbent tube filled with a solid adsorbent (Tenax GR). The air samples were analyzed by using a special thermal desorption device and GC/MS determination. The simultaneous sniffing was carried out to detect off-odors and to assist in the identification of those compounds that contribute to tainting and smelling. The amounts of off-odor carbonyl compounds and the total content of the volatile organic compounds were determined. The most odorous compounds were identified as carboxylic acids while the majority of the volatile compounds were hydrocarbons. The detection and quantification of carboxylic acids were based on the characteristic ions of their mass spectra. The higher the extrusion temperature the more odors were detected. An important observation was that the total concentration of volatiles was dependent not only on the extrusion temperature but also on the plastic material.
<title>Microprocessor-Based Automatic Heterodyne Interferometer</title> (1978)

The interferometer described in this article combines a number of principles known for a long time in a system of unusual versatility. The operation modes range from classical interferometry for visual or photographic evaluation of apertures up to 150 mm diameter, to programmed scan heterodyne interferometry with fringe counting and to time and space resolved subfringe measurement with better than 10 nm resolution.
High-throughput Identification of DNA-Encoded IgG Ligands that Distinguish Active and Latent<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Infections (2016)

The circulating antibody repertoire encodes a patient's health status and pathogen exposure history, but identifying antibodies with diagnostic potential usually requires knowledge of the antigen(s). We previously circumvented this problem by screening libraries of bead-displayed small molecules against case and control serum samples to discover "epitope surrogates" (ligands of IgGs enriched in the case sample). Here, we describe an improved version of this technology that employs DNA-encoded libraries and high-throughput FACS-based screening to discover epitope surrogates that differentiate noninfectious/latent (LTB) patients from infectious/active TB (ATB) patients, which is imperative for proper treatment selection and antibiotic stewardship. Normal control/LTB (10 patients each, NCL) and ATB (10 patients) serum pools were screened against a library (5 × 10<sup>6</sup> beads, 448 000 unique compounds) using fluorescent antihuman IgG to label hit compound beads for FACS. Deep sequencing decoded all hit structures and each hit's occurrence frequencies. ATB hits were pruned of NCL hits and prioritized for resynthesis based on occurrence and homology. Several structurally homologous families were identified and 16/21 resynthesized representative hits validated as selective ligands of ATB serum IgGs (p < 0.005). The native secreted TB protein Ag85B (though not the E. coli recombinant form) competed with one of the validated ligands for binding to antibodies, suggesting that it mimics a native Ag85B epitope. The use of DNA-encoded libraries and FACS-based screening in epitope surrogate discovery reveals thousands of potential hit structures. Distilling this list down to several consensus chemical structures yielded a diagnostic panel for ATB composed of thermally stable and economically produced small molecule ligands in place of protein antigens.
Antony's Eastern Policy - Hans Buchheim: Die Orientpolitik des Triumvirn M. Antonius. Ihre Voraussetzungen, Entwicklung und Zusammenhang mit den politischen Ereignissen in Italien. (Abh. d. Heidelberger Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., 1960. 3.) Pp. 127. Heidelberg: Winter, 1960. Paper, DM. 18. (1962)

Antony's Eastern Policy - Hans Buchheim: Die Orientpolitik des Triumvirn M. Antonius. Ihre Voraussetzungen, Entwicklung und Zusammenhang mit den politischen Ereignissen in Italien. (Abh. d. Heidelberger Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., 1960. 3.) Pp. 127. Heidelberg: Winter, 1960. Paper, DM. 18. - Volume 12 Issue 3
Salen-Type Compounds of Calcium and Strontium (2002)

Salen complexes of the heavy alkaline-earth metals, calcium and strontium, were prepared by the reaction of various salen(t-Bu)H(2) ligands with the metals in ethanol. Six new calcium and strontium compounds, [Ca(salen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(2)(thf)] (1), [Ca(salen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(2)] (2), [Ca(salpen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(3)] (3), [Ca(salophen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(thf)] (4), [Sr(salen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(3)] (5), and [Sr(salophen(t-Bu))(HOEt)(thf)(2)] (6), were formed in this way with the quatridentate Schiff-base ligands N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen(t-Bu)H(2)), N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (salpen(t-Bu)H(2)), and N,N'-o-phenylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine (salophen(t-Bu)H(2)). Initially, ammonia solutions of the metals were combined with the salen(t-Bu)H(2) ligands, and in the reaction of strontium with salen(t-Bu)H(2), the unusual tetrametallic cluster [(OC(6)H(2)(t-Bu)(2)CHN(CH(2))(2)NH(2))Sr(mu(3)-salean(t-Bu)H(2))Sr(mu(3)-OH)](2) (7) was produced (salean(t-Bu)H(4) = N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine). In this compound, the imine bonds of the salen(t-Bu)H(2) ligand were reduced to form the known ligands salean(t-Bu)H(4) and (HO)C(6)H(2)(t-Bu)(2)CHN(CH(2))(2)NH(2). Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 7 were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1 (C(44)H(74)CaN(2)O(6)): triclinic space group P(-)1, a = 8.3730(10) A, b = 14.8010(10) A, c = 18.756(2) A, alpha = 72.551(10) degrees, beta = 81.795(10) degrees, gamma = 78.031(10) degrees, Z = 2. Crystal data for 5 (C(38)H(64)SrN(2)O(5)): monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, a = 23.634(3) A, b = 8.4660(10) A, c = 24.451(3) A, beta = 101.138(10) degrees, Z = 4. Crystal data for 6 (C(46)H(67)N(2)O(5)Sr): orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 10.5590(2) A, b = 16.2070(3) A, c = 26.7620(6) A, Z = 4. Crystal data for 7 (C(98)H(156)N(8)O(8)Sr(4)): triclinic space group P(-)1, a = 14.667(1) A, b = 15.670(1) A, c = 18.594(2) A, alpha = 92.26(1) degrees, beta = 111.84(1) degrees, gamma = 117.12(1) degrees, Z = 4.
Recent developments in testicular germ cell tumor research (2009)

Testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults (TGCTs; the so-called type II variant) are the most frequent malignancies found in Caucasian males between 20 and 40 years of age. The incidence has increased over the last decades. TGCTs are divided into seminomas and nonseminomas, the latter consisting of the subgroups embryonal carcinoma, yolk-sac tumor, teratoma, and choriocarcinoma. The pathogenesis starts in utero, involving primordial germ cells/gonocytes that are blocked in their differentiation, and develops via the precursor lesion carcinoma in situ toward invasiveness. TGCTs are totipotent and can be considered as stem cell tumors. The developmental capacity of their cell of origin, the primordial germ cells/gonocyte, is demonstrated by the different tumor histologies of the invasive TGCTs. Seminoma represents the germ cell lineage, and embryonal carcinoma is the undifferentiated component, being the stem cell population of the nonseminomas. Somatic differentiation is seen in the teratomas (all lineages), whereas yolk-sac tumors and choriocarcinoma represent extra-embryonal differentiation. Seminomas are highly sensitive to irradiation and (DNA damaging) chemotherapy, whereas most nonseminomatous elements are less susceptible to radiation, although still sensitive to chemotherapy, with the exception of teratoma. To allow early diagnosis and follow up, appropriate markers are mandatory to discriminate between the different subgroups. In this review, a summary will be given related to several recent developments in TGCT research, especially selected because of their putative clinical impact.
A coherent OFDM switching system for flexible optical network configuration (1993)

A coherent optical switching node based on the combination of a frequency conversion stage with a space switching matrix is proposed for flexible interconnection of future integrated broadband communication networks. The basic system concept is presented together with the architecture of a demonstrator, which allows one to study the functionality available in future networks. The major subsystems and components of the demonstrator are described, and experimental results concerning frequency stabilization, frequency switching, and space switching are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Regional Popularity-Aware Cache replacement algorithm to improve the performance and lifetime of SSD-based disk cache (2015)

Flash-based Solid State Drive (SSD) has limitations in terms of cost and lifetime. It is used as a second-level cache between main memory and traditional HDD-based storage widely. Adopting traditional cache algorithms, which are designed primarily depending on temporal locality and popular blocks, to SSD-based second-level disk cache can cause unnecessary cache replacements, which not only degrade the cache performance but also shorten the lifetime of SSD. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a performance-effective Regional Popularity-Aware Cache replacement algorithm (RPAC). Instead of a single block, the popularity of a region which is constituted by many adjacent disk blocks is recorded and used to determine replacing a block or not. In this way, the spatial locality of disk access is completely leveraged and sequential I/O blocks are gathered in SSD cache. Furthermore, it reduces the number of unnecessary cache replacement and erasure operation on SSD, prolonging its lifetime. We have implemented RPAC in real system and evaluated it by many workloads. Compared to traditional cache algorithms, it improve I/O throughput by up to 53% and reduce cache replacements of SSD up to 98.5%.
Plate 348. Toona sinensis (1998)

The taxonomy, distribution, habitat, economic value and cultivation requirements of Toona sinensis (Meliaceae), a widely‐distributed native of South‐east Asia, are discussed; a full description and illustrations of the species are provided.
An Open Standard platform for interoperability of Medical Devices (2000)

Patient care in Intensive Care Units and Operating Rooms requires sophisticated instrumentation for monitoring, treatment and control. A major technical problem is the communication between devices, since the connection of medical devices from different manufacturers has similar problems to the communication between people from different countries who do not share a common language. Several proprietary solutions have been developed by initiatives from well-known international companies. These proprietary, non-open solutions have not gained general acceptability and have failed to draw upon the immense resources for instrumentation development which are available in the industry. Consequently, a set of open European standards for Medical Device Intercommunication has recently been created (ratified 1999) to provide the ability to connect devices to each other freely and to exchange data between them. The development of such standards has lead to the design and implementation of a network platform over which those standards could be tested and validated. At the same time guidelines have been defined for the development and deployment of open solutions for any kind of medical device, including existing legacy devices. The design and testing of this open standards implementation is described in this paper.
Cost-Benefit Analysis for Using Laser Fluorosensor for Detecting Heavy Oil (2006)

This report describes the methodology and results of a cost-benefit analysis for acquiring and implementing laser fluorosensor (LF) technology to assist the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) in responding to heavy oil spills. Cost savings were estimated for four specific spill scenarios (three historical and one hypothetical), using an oil spill simulation model. Cost savings were also estimated using two statistics-based models applied to 115 heavy oil spills occurring over the past decade. Both approaches produced cost savings estimates that were roughly equivalent. Acquisition, operation, and implementation costs were computed for four separate implementation options. Two options involved deploying a USCG-owned system on USCG aircraft, and two involved contracting for an LF capability. The potential annual cost savings were compared against projected implementation costs. Interim implementation options are discussed and recommendations for further investigation are provided.
Lesson Learned from Nature for the Development of Novel Anti-Cancer Agents: Implication of Isoflavone, Curcumin, and their Synthetic Analogs (2010)

In recent years, naturally occurring dietary compounds have received greater attention in the field of cancer prevention and treatment research. Among them, isoflavone genistein and curcumin are very promising anti-cancer agents because of their non-toxic and potent anti-cancer properties. However, it is important to note that the low water solubility, poor in vivo bioavailability and unacceptable pharmacokinetic profile of these natural compounds limit their efficacy as anti-cancer agents for solid tumors. Therefore, the development of synthetic analogs of isoflavone and curcumin based on the structure-activity assay, and the encapsulation of isoflavone and curcumin with liposome or nanoparticle for enhancing the anti-tumor activity of these natural agents, is an exciting area of research. Emerging in vitro and in vivo studies clearly suggest that these analogs and formulations of natural compounds could be much more potent for the prevention and/or treatment of various cancers. In this review article, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the anti-cancer effect of natural compounds and their analogs, the regulation of cell signaling by these agents, and the structure-activity relationship for better design of novel anti-cancer agents, which could open newer avenues for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.
Prognostic variables in mycosis fungoides (1981)

The prognostic importance of various factors was analyzed for 347 patients registered by the Mycosis Fungoides Cooperative Group (MFCG). Extent of skin involvement at the time of registration and number of sites of clinically enlarged lymph nodes were clearly the most important prognostic variables, and were combined into a single variable, TN stage, for adjusted analyses of other factors. Sex, history of tonsillectomy, immunoglobulin E, and telangiectasia did not significantly affect survival. The effects of race and allergic history were questionable and need further study. Age, pruritus, burning, alopecia, ulcers, and erosion were important when studied alone, but their effects were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for TN stage. Chills and malaise, the latter a symptom of debility, retained prognostic significance after such adjustment. This analysis demonstrates the importance of considering the joint effects of multiple prognostic factors rather than analyzing them one at a time.
Reliability of hearing thresholds: computer-automated testing with ER-4B Canal Phone earphones. (2002)

This study was conducted to document test-retest reliability of hearing thresholds using our computer-automated tinnitus matching technique and Etymotic ER-4B Canal Phone insert earphones. The research design involved repeated threshold measurements both within and between sessions, and testing to evaluate the potential effect of eartip removal and reinsertion. Twenty normal-hearing subjects were evaluated over two testing sessions with the use of a fully automated protocol for determining thresholds with 1-dB precision. Thresholds were first obtained at 0.5-16.0 kHz, in one-third octave frequency steps (16 test frequencies). The octave frequencies were then retested, first without removing the eartips, then after eartip removal and replacement. Responses between sessions differed by an average of 2.5 dB across all 16 test frequencies, and 91.5 percent of the repeated thresholds varied within +/-5 dB (98.1 percent within +/-10 dB). Reliability of within-sessions thresholds was also good, and there was no effect of eartip removal and replacement.
α-C−H Bond Dissociation Energies of Some Tertiary Amines (1998)

The α-C−H bond dissociation energies of 14 tertiary, trialkyl- and arylalkylamines have been measured by photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC). In general, the data lead to an upward revision of the bond dissociation energies (BDE's). The effects of α-phenyl and α-vinyl substitution have been quantified for the first time. α-Phenyl substitution was found to have a significantly smaller effect on lowering α-C−H BDE's than α-vinyl substitution. These data provide a thermochemical confirmation of the stereoelectronic hypothesis proposed by Lewis et al. in 1982.
Analysis and Simple Circuit Design of Double Differential EMG Active Electrode (2015)

In this paper we present an analysis of the voltage amplifier needed for double differential (DD) sEMG measurements and a novel, very simple circuit for implementing DD active electrodes. The three-input amplifier that standalone DD active electrodes require is inherently different from a differential amplifier, and general knowledge about its design is scarce in the literature. First, the figures of merit of the amplifier are defined through a decomposition of its input signal into three orthogonal modes. This analysis reveals a mode containing EMG crosstalk components that the DD electrode should reject. Then, the effect of finite input impedance is analyzed. Because there are three terminals, minimum bounds for interference rejection ratios due to electrode and input impedance unbalances with two degrees of freedom are obtained. Finally, a novel circuit design is presented, including only a quadruple operational amplifier and a few passive components. This design is nearly as simple as the branched electrode and much simpler than the three instrumentation amplifier design, while providing robust EMG crosstalk rejection and better input impedance using unity gain buffers for each electrode input. The interference rejection limits of this input stage are analyzed. An easily replicable implementation of the proposed circuit is described, together with a parameter design guideline to adjust it to specific needs. The electrode is compared with the established alternatives, and sample sEMG signals are obtained, acquired on different body locations with dry contacts, successfully rejecting interference sources.
Study on a hybrid P2P based DNS (2011)

The traditional Domain Name System (DNS), which follows a hierarchical tree structure, is vulnerable to the targeted attacks. Several efforts were proposed to reconstruct DNS as a peer-to-peer network using Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) to improve the system robustness. However, the DHT-based DNS has significantly higher latencies in comparison with traditional DNS. In this paper, we propose a hybrid p2p based DNS by combining the hierarchical tree structure and the flat peer-to-peer structure. The results of simulation show that our system inherits strong robustness from DHT networks and high efficiency from traditional DNS. Even so, we should point out that our system still has lower efficiency compared with traditional DNS.
Multiple polyamine transport systems on the vacuolar membrane in yeast (2001)

We recently identified a gene (TPO1, YLL028w) that encodes a polyamine transport protein on the vacuolar membrane in yeast [Tomitori, Kashiwagi, Sakata, Kakinuma and Igarashi (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 3265–3267]. Because the existence of one or more other genes for a polyamine transport protein on the vacuolar membrane was expected, we searched sequence databases for homologues of the protein encoded by TPO1. Membrane proteins encoded by the open reading frames YGR138c (TPO2), YPR156c (TPO3) and YOR273c (TPO4) were postulated to be polyamine transporters and, indeed, were subsequently shown to be polyamine transport proteins on the vacuolar membrane. Cells overexpressing these genes were resistant to polyamine toxicity and showed an increase in polyamine uptake activity and polyamine content in vacuoles. Furthermore, cells in which these genes were disrupted showed an increased sensitivity to polyamine toxicity and a decrease in polyamine uptake activity and polyamine content in vacuoles. Resistance to polyamine toxicity in cells overexpressing the genes was overcome by bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of the vacuolar H+-ATPase. Among the four polyamine transporters, those encoded by TPO2 and TPO3 were specific for spermine, whereas those encoded by TPO1 and TPO4 recognized spermidine and spermine. These results suggest that polyamine content in the cytoplasm of yeast is elaborately regulated by several polyamine transport systems in vacuoles. Furthermore, it was shown that Glu-207, Glu-324 (or Glu-323) and Glu-574 of TPO1 protein were important for the transport activity.
Greater Monoamine Oxidase A Binding in Perimenopausal Age as Measured With Carbon 11–Labeled Harmine Positron Emission Tomography (2014)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a change in a central biomarker during perimenopausal age that is also present during major depressive episodes and high-risk states for major depressive episodes. The functions of MAO-A influence oxidative stress and apoptosis, 2 processes implicated as excessive in both mood disorders and dementia. Hence, greater MAO-A VT during perimenopause may represent a new target for assessing novel interventions to prevent mood disorders and reduce longer-term risk of neurodegenerative disease.
Pt Nanoparticles Functionalized with Nucleic Acid Act as Catalytic Labels for the Chemiluminescent Detection of DNA and Proteins (2006)

Look at the label: Nucleic acid functionalized Pt nanoparticles act as catalysts for the generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of H2O2 and luminol. The functionalized Pt nanoparticles can then be utilized as catalytic labels to detect either DNA or the aptamer–thrombin complex. The efficacy of these labels is favorable when compared with other similar systems.