gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The State of Software Maintenance (1987)

A state of software maintenance survey is presented, indicating the incongruity of the simultaneous existence of importance and neglect in this field. An overview is given of selected developments and activities covering the following topics: • The "Maintenance Problem." • Models. • Methods for improving maintenance. • Metrics. • Maintenance information management. • Standards. • Maintenance of existing code. • Surveys.
Single‐breath clinical imaging of hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>xe in the airspaces, barrier, and red blood cells using an interleaved 3D radial 1‐point Dixon acquisition (2015)

This study illustrates the feasibility of acquiring single-breath, 3D isotropic images of (129)Xe in the airspaces, barrier, and RBCs using a 1-point Dixon 3D radial acquisition.
Structures of Carbon Soot Prepared by Laser Ablation (1996)

Two types of carbon soot, prepared by the laser ablation of graphite and carbon arc-discharge, were examined by means of electron microscopy. These carbonaceous materials are byproducts in fullerene production and thus are expected to be related structurally to fullerene molecules. It will be shown that morphologies and structure of the soot depend on carrier gas temperature during laser sputtering. Graphitic carbon is formed abundantly at room temperature, and network structures of fullerene-like cages appear dominantly at 1200 °C. Additional thermal energy during condensation of sputtered carbon is crucial in formation of various types of structures of solid carbon including fullerene molecules.
Guidelines for Developing a Product Line Production Plan (2002)

A production plan is a description of how core assets are to be used to develop a product in a product line. A product line organization creates such a plan to ensure that the correct core assets are used appropriately to build a specific product in a specific way. The production plans and techniques used to create products vary widely from organization to organization and from one product line to another. Because of this variance, the developers of production plans need some guidance about the plans' form and content. This technical report provides guidance for creating, using, and evaluating a production plan. In addition, this report presents a classification scheme that describes the characteristics of a product line organization that influence the form and content of the production plan.
Therapy Switching, Augmentation, and Discontinuation in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Chronic Low Back Pain (2012)

This study demonstrates that therapy switching and discontinuation of select pain medications were common among OA and CLBP patients in the U.K. and may result from inadequate pain relief or undesirable side effects.
THE RED CROSS AND RELIEF IN CIVILIAN COMMUNITIES (1917)

THE RED CROSS AND RELIEF IN CIVILIAN COMMUNITIES Fred R. Johnson CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.7.10.803-a Published Online: August 30, 2011
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Status in Cervical Carcinoma Cell DNA Assayed by Multiplex PCR (2003)

Integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA into host genome occurs early in cancer development and is probably an important event in malignant transformation of cervical cancer. The HPV genome integration usually disrupts E2 gene open reading frames. It results in the lack of E2 gene suppressor of the synthesis of E6 and E7 products which, in turn, leads to the overexpression of E6 and E7 genes. The oncogenic HPV types (HPV16, -18, -45, and -58) can be present as episomes or may integrate into human chromosomes. Sixty-six cervical cancer patients positive for HPV16 were tested for the presence of E6, E2, E1, and L1 genes. Multiplex PCR was carried out in all cases. Using cluster analysis, the calculated ratios of E1/E6, E2/E6, L1/E6, E1/E2, and E2/(E1*E6) gene amplification products were divided into two or three statistically different groups. These were used for statistical analysis of the prevalence of specific gene types in histological types of cancer, different levels of clinical staging, and histologically confirmed nodal metastases. The statistical analysis proved a significant correlation in the ratios of E2/E6 and E1/E2 only. The E2/E6 and E1/E2 were higher in carcinoma in situ than in advanced squamous cancers. The E2/E6 ratios were lower in higher clinical stages. The multiplex PCR estimation of the E2/E6 ratio could be a simple method for selecting patients with a high risk of a poor outcome in a standard stage-dependent treatment procedure.
Haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. Subunit interaction probed by cross-linking. (1981)

Haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex has been cross-linked using the bifunctional reagent 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that specific cross-linking was obtained between haptoglobin H chain and a hemoglobin chain. The cross-linked complex was reduced and denatured, and the cross-linked subunits were separated from the unreacted haptoglobin and hemoglobin chains by molecular sieve chromatography. Peptide analysis on the purified cross-linked subunits showed that haptoglobin H chain was cross-linked to hemoglobin beta chain only. This result indicates that the H and beta chains are in close proximity in the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex.
Input-output characterization of an ultrasonic testing system by digital signal analysis (1984)

The input/output characteristics of an ultrasonic testing system used for stress wave factor measurements were studied. The fundamentals of digital signal processing are summarized. The inputs and outputs are digitized and processed in a microcomputer using digital signal processing techniques. The entire ultrasonic test system, including transducers and all electronic components, is modeled as a discrete-time linear shift-invariant system. Then the impulse response and frequency response of the continuous time ultrasonic test system are estimated by interpolating the defining points in the unit sample response and frequency response of the discrete time system. It is found that the ultrasonic test system behaves as a linear phase bandpass filter. Good results were obtained for rectangular pulse inputs of various amplitudes and durations and for tone burst inputs whose center frequencies are within the passband of the test system and for single cycle inputs of various amplitudes. The input/output limits on the linearity of the system are determined.
Traffic model and performance analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with prioritized and nonprioritized handoff procedures (1986)

A traffic model and analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with handoff are described. Three schemes for call traffic handling are considered. One is nonprioritized and two are priority oriented. Fixed channel assignment is considered. In the nonprioritized scheme the base stations make no distinction between new call attempts and handoff attempts. Attempts which find all channels occupied are cleared. In the first priority scheme considered, a fixed number of channels in each cell are reserved exclusively for handoff calls. The second priority scheme employs a similar channel assignment strategy, but, additionally, the queueing of handoff attempts is allowed. Appropriate analytical models and criteria are developed and used to derive performance characteristics. These show, for example, blocking probability, forced termination probability, and fraction of new calls not completed, as functions of pertinent system parameters. General formulas are given and specific numerical results for nominal system parameters are presented.
Conformation of the phosphate-methylated DNA dinucleotides d(CpC) and d(TpC). Formation of a parallel miniduplex exclusively for the S configuration at phosphorus (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation of the phosphate-methylated DNA dinucleotides d(CpC) and d(TpC). Formation of a parallel miniduplex exclusively for the S configuration at phosphorusPeter J. L. M. Quaedflieg, Niek L. H. L. Broeders, Leo H. Koole, Marcel H. P. Van Genderen, and Henk M. BuckCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1, 122–127Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00288a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Thresher (2013)

We present a precise, path-sensitive static analysis for reasoning about heap reachability, that is, whether an object can be reached from another variable or object via pointer dereferences. Precise reachability information is useful for a number of clients, including static detection of a class of Android memory leaks. For this client, we found the heap reachability information computed by a state-of-the-art points-to analysis was too imprecise, leading to numerous false-positive leak reports. Our analysis combines a symbolic execution capable of path-sensitivity and strong updates with abstract heap information computed by an initial flow-insensitive points-to analysis. This novel mixed representation allows us to achieve both precision and scalability by leveraging the pre-computed points-to facts to guide execution and prune infeasible paths. We have evaluated our techniques in the Thresher tool, which we used to find several developer-confirmed leaks in Android applications.
A seamless acquisition digital storage oscilloscope with three-dimensional waveform display (2014)

In traditional digital storage oscilloscope (DSO), sampled data need to be processed after each acquisition. During data processing, the acquisition is stopped and oscilloscope is blind to the input signal. Thus, this duration is called dead time. With the rapid development of modern electronic systems, the effect of infrequent events becomes significant. To capture these occasional events in shorter time, dead time in traditional DSO that causes the loss of measured signal needs to be reduced or even eliminated. In this paper, a seamless acquisition oscilloscope without dead time is proposed. In this oscilloscope, three-dimensional waveform mapping (TWM) technique, which converts sampled data to displayed waveform, is proposed. With this technique, not only the process speed is improved, but also the probability information of waveform is displayed with different brightness. Thus, a three-dimensional waveform is shown to the user. To reduce processing time further, parallel TWM which processes several sampled points simultaneously, and dual-port random access memory based pipelining technique which can process one sampling point in one clock period are proposed. Furthermore, two DDR3 (Double-Data-Rate Three Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) are used for storing sampled data alternately, thus the acquisition can continue during data processing. Therefore, the dead time of DSO is eliminated. In addition, a double-pulse test method is adopted to test the waveform capturing rate (WCR) of the oscilloscope and a combined pulse test method is employed to evaluate the oscilloscope's capture ability comprehensively. The experiment results show that the WCR of the designed oscilloscope is 6,250,000 wfms/s (waveforms per second), the highest value in all existing oscilloscopes. The testing results also prove that there is no dead time in our oscilloscope, thus realizing the seamless acquisition.
Synthesis of a transient tropylidene substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (tropNHC): rearrangement and formation of its gold complex (2002)

The condensation reaction of the primary tropylidenyl amine tropamine 2 [IUPAC: (5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)amine] with glyoxal, OHC–CHO (3), leads to the corresponding 1,4-diazadiene bistropdad 4 [IUPAC: 1,4-bis(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)-1,4-diazabuta-1,3-diene] in high yield. With formaldehyde and ethereal HCl, 4 is transformed to the bistropimidazolium salt 5 [IUPAC: 1,3-bis(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenyl)imidazolium chloride]. Deprotonation with KOtBu in thf did not gave a stable N-heterocyclic carbene bistropNHC 6 but the imidazole derivative 2-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-yl)-1-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)-1H-imidazole 9 as a product of a rearrangement. However, the unstable carbene 6 can be trapped when it is generated in the presence of [AuCl(PPh3)] whereby the stable cationic mixed phosphane carbene gold complex {[1,3-bis(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene][triphenylphosphine]gold(I)} chloride 10 is obtained which was characterised by X-ray diffraction.
Thermal Properties of the Homologous Series of 8-fold Alkyl-Substituted Octasilsesquioxanes (1997)

The homologous series of 8-fold alkyl-substituted octasilsesquioxane has been prepared by hydrosilation of alkenes with octakis(hydridosilsesquioxane) (HSiO3/2)8. Ethene, propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, and 1-decene were employed either in bulk or in toluene solution. The homologous series of 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaalkylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxanes, which are interesting model compounds for silsesquioxane-based materials was characterized by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, IR and mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Melting points of the compounds were studied by DSC, revealing a strong decrease of the melting point from the octapropyl-substituted T8 to the octapentyl derivative. Melting points for derivatives with longer n-alkyl chains showed an odd−even effect. TGA evidenced thermal stability under nitrogen up to temperatures between 200 and 400 °C and under air up to temperatures between 200 and 250 °C.
Placebo Response of Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Trials in Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2009)

We confirmed that placebo response in MDD is large regardless of the intervention and is associated with depression refractoriness and treatment combination (add-on rTMS studies). The magnitude of the placebo response seems to be related with study population and study design rather than the intervention itself.
Providing guidelines for first year assessment tasks: nurturing or spoonfeeding? (2001)

Developing written and oral communication skills are an important part of the frrst year university experience. Subject convenors have clear expectations of their students but do they clearly communicate these requirements? During the frrst year of a course it is important to set the tone and standards for later studies. Despite the fact that different disciplines may have differing writing and oral presentation requirements, with a little thought and effort students can be given guidelines, which will provide them with a blueprint for future success. Tlris can be achieved and reinforced in a variety of ways without overloading the student at any one time. This paper will describe the rationale for providing thorough instr11ctions for assigrunents and case studies to frrst year students emolled in a core business subject with the objective of guiding students into deep approaches to learning wlrich lead to qualitatively better learning outcomes, and to developing core generic skills. Finally some recommendations as to how clear requirements can be developed and communicated are provided.
High Levels of Dioxin-Like Potential in Cigarette Smoke Evidenced by<i>In vitro</i>and<i>In vivo</i>Biosensing (2006)

Cigarette smoke contains low levels of agonists for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR; also called the dioxin receptor). However, little is understood about the whole potential of cigarette smoke for activating AhR. In this report, we evaluated the total "dioxin-like" activity of cigarette smoke using in vitro and in vivo reporter systems. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared from seven cigarette brands (1-20 mg tar content) and subjected to in vitro bioassay based on the xenobiotic-responsive element (XRE) as the sensor and secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as the reporter. Exposure of reporter cells to CSE triggered activation of XRE in a dose-dependent manner, which was suppressed by functional inhibition of AhR. Direct, brief exposure of the cells to cigarette smoke similarly induced activation of XRE. Using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) as the standard, the XRE-activating potential (XAP) of individual smoke was evaluated quantitatively. Positive correlation was observed between the tar content and XAP values. The XAP values estimated were extremely high with a range from 18.5 to 51.2 ng 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent per cigarette. To further estimate XAP of cigarette smoke in vivo, we generated transgenic reporter mice that secrete SEAP under the control of XRE. After exposure of the mice to smoke, serum levels of SEAP were significantly elevated within 12 hours, peaked at 24 hours, and declined thereafter. These results evidenced for the first time that cigarette smoke has unexpectedly high dioxin-like potential that triggers the AhR-XRE pathway in vitro and in vivo.
CMOS Ultralow Power Brain Signal Acquisition Front-Ends: Design and Human Testing (2017)

Two brain signal acquisition (BSA) front-ends incorporating two CMOS ultralow power, low-noise amplifier arrays and serializers operating in mosfet weak inversion region are presented. To boost the amplifier's gain for a given current budget, cross-coupled-pair active load topology is used in the first stages of these two amplifiers. These two BSA front-ends are fabricated in 130 and 180 nm CMOS processes, occupying 5.45 mm <sup>2</sup> and 0.352 mm <sup>2</sup> of die areas, respectively (excluding pad rings). The CMOS 130-nm amplifier array is comprised of 64 elements, where each amplifier element consumes 0.216 μW from 0.4 V supply, has input-referred noise voltage (IRNoise) of 2.19 μV[Formula: see text] corresponding to a power efficiency factor (PEF) of 11.7, and occupies 0.044 mm <sup>2</sup> of die area. The CMOS 180 nm amplifier array employs 4 elements, where each element consumes 0.69 μW from 0.6 V supply with IRNoise of 2.3 μV[Formula: see text] (corresponding to a PEF of 31.3) and 0.051 mm <sup>2</sup> of die area. Noninvasive electroencephalographic and invasive electrocorticographic signals were recorded real time directly on able-bodied human subjects, showing feasibility of using these analog front-ends for future fully implantable BSA and brain- computer interface systems.
40-Gb/s High-Gain Distributed Amplifiers With Cascaded Gain Stages in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS (2007)

A novel circuit topology for high-gain distributed amplifiers is presented in this study. Based on the conventional distributed architecture, the gain cells are realized by cascading cas- code stages for gain enhancement. In addition, the stagger-tuning technique is extensively utilized in the design of the cascode stages as well as the cascaded stages, leading to significant improvement in terms of the operating bandwidth and the gain flatness. With the proposed circuit architecture, two amplifiers are implemented in a standard 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The amplifier with a 3 times 3 configuration exhibits a gain of 16.2 dB and a 3-dB bandwidth of 33.4 GHz, while the one in a form of 2 times 4 demonstrates a gain of 20 dB and a bandwidth of 39.4 GHz. Consuming a dc power of 260 mW from a 2.8-V supply voltage, both circuits provide clear eye-opening with a pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) at 40 Gb/s.
Synchronization circuit with galvanic isolation for high-current accelerator REB of microsecond duration (2005)

Considered in this paper is the simple synchronization circuit with galvanic isolation. The main source of electromagnetic disturbances in high-current accelerator is ring current. Radical method of such interferences control is galvanic isolation
Color-tunable multilayer light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers (2004)

Wide-range low-voltage continuous color tuning is achieved in multilayer light-emitting diodes based exclusively on the commonly used high-efficiency electroluminescent conjugated polymers. There are three layers for red, green, and blue emission, and one extra layer for electron blocking. The color of the emitted photon depends on the position of the electron-hole recombination. Due to the stronger field dependence of the electron mobility relative to the hole mobility, the recombination zone is pushed away from the cathode and concentrated in different emissive layers as the voltage increases.
Interaction of cytochrome c with cytochrome c oxidase. Photoaffinity labeling of beef heart cytochrome c oxidase with arylazido-cytochrome c. (1978)

Cytochrome c derivatives labeled with a 3-nitrophenylazido group at lysine 13, at lysine 22, or at both residues have been prepared. The interaction of the cytochrome c derivatives with beef heart cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) in the presence of ultrviolet light results in formation of a covalent complex between cytochrome c and the oxidase. Using the lysine 22 derivative, the polypeptide composition of the oxidase is not modified, nor is its catalytic activity, whereas with the lysine 13 derivative, the gel electrophoretic pattern is altered and the catalytic activity of the complex diminished. The data are consisten with a specfic covalent interaction of the lysine 13 derivative of cytochrome c with the polypeptide of molecular weight 23,700 (Subunit II) of cytochrome c oxidase.
Second Law Optimization of a Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage System With a Distributed Storage Element—Part 1: Development of the Analytical Model (1991)

This study explores the behavior of a flat-slab, sensible heat thermal energy storage system, the physical design and operation of which have been optimized to minimize the production of entropy by thermodynamic irreversibilities. Unlike many previous studies, the present work includes the entropy production by transient heat conduction within the storage element; that is, the analytical model is based on a distributed, as opposed to a lumped, storage element. The work is presented in two parts. The development of the analytical model required to compute the figure of merit, which is called the entropy generation number, in terms of the design and operational parameters of the system is presented in Part I. In Part II, the numerical solution of the analytical model is discussed and the results of an optimization study are presented and interpreted.