gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relation Between Pressure and Diameter in the Ascending Aorta of Man (1962)

The pressure-diameter relationship in the ascending aorta of man was estimated directly in 10 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The diameter was measured by means of an electrical strain-gauge caliper sutured to the vessel wall. The lateral intravascular pressure was measured using a 22-gauge needle connected directly to a Statham P23Db strain gauge. The results indicate: (1) a gross similarity between the pressure and diameter curves; (2) the mean value for ratio of change in radius to change in pressure (ΔR/ΔP) was 1.82 x 10 -3 cm. per cm. H 2 O (± S.D. 0.80); (3) the mean value for circumferential extensibility was 0.14 per cent change in radius per cm. H 2 O (± S.D. 0.06); and (4) the change in cross sectional area during an average cardiac cycle was 11 per cent of the diastolic value.
Delayed Reduction of Ischemic Brain Injury and Neurological Deficits in Mice Lacking the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene (1997)

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme that produces toxic amounts of nitric oxide, is expressed in a number of brain pathologies, including cerebral ischemia. We used mice with a null mutation of the iNOS gene to study the role of iNOS in ischemic brain damage. Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In wild-type mice, iNOS mRNA expression in the post-ischemic brain begun between 24 and 48 hr peaked at 96 hr and subsided 7 d after MCA occlusion. iNOS mRNA induction was associated with expression of iNOS protein and enzymatic activity. In contrast, mice lacking the iNOS gene did not express iNOS message or protein after MCA occlusion. The infarct and the motor deficits produced by MCA occlusion were smaller in iNOS knockouts than in wild-type mice (p < 0.05). Such reduction in ischemic damage and neurological deficits was observed 96 hr after ischemia but not at 24 hr, when iNOS is not yet expressed in wild-type mice. The decreased susceptibility to cerebral ischemia in iNOS knockouts could not be attributed to differences in the degree of ischemia or vascular reactivity between wild-type and knockout mice. These findings indicate that iNOS expression is one of the factors contributing to the expansion of the brain damage that occurs in the post-ischemic period. iNOS inhibition may provide a novel therapeutic strategy targeted specifically at the secondary progression of ischemic brain injury.
Inhibitor to factor V after exposure to fibrin sealant during cardiac surgery in a two‐year‐old child (1994)

A two-year-old infant developed an inhibitor to factor V after cardiac surgery, with application of fibrin sealant containing bovine thrombin. Investigation of this inhibitor by means of inhibition experiments and immunoblot analysis revealed that the inhibitor reacted strongly with bovine, but only weakly with human factor V. Plasmapheresis proved effective in increasing factor V levels. This patient provides further evidence that exposure to topical thrombin preparations may lead to the development of inhibitors in the postoperative period that may cause bleeding complications.
Detecting stock market manipulation using supervised learning algorithms (2014)

Market manipulation remains the biggest concern of investors in today's securities market, despite fast and strict responses from regulators and exchanges to market participants that pursue such practices. The existing methods in the industry for detecting fraudulent activities in securities market rely heavily on a set of rules based on expert knowledge. The securities market has deviated from its traditional form due to new technologies and changing investment strategies in the past few years. The current securities market demands scalable machine learning algorithms supporting identification of market manipulation activities. In this paper we use supervised learning algorithms to identify suspicious transactions in relation to market manipulation in stock market. We use a case study of manipulated stocks during 2003. We adopt CART, conditional inference trees, C5.0, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, Neural Networks, SVM and kNN for classification of manipulated samples. Empirical results show that Naïve Bayes outperform other learning methods achieving F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> measure of 53% (sensitivity and specificity are 89% and 83% respectively).
[Biochemistry of benign-symmetrical lipomatosis (adenolipomatosis Launois-Bensaude, Madelung's disease)]. (1976)

President Roosevelt would be pleased to appoint Hawkins and will take up the matter with Secretary Root.
Hydrogen Borrowing Catalysis with Secondary Alcohols: A New Route for the Generation of β-Branched Carbonyl Compounds (2017)

A hydrogen borrowing reaction employing secondary alcohols and Ph* (Me<sub>5</sub>C<sub>6</sub>) ketones to give β-branched carbonyl products is described (21 examples). This new C-C bond forming process requires low loadings of [Cp*IrCl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>, relatively low temperatures, and up to 2.0 equiv of the secondary alcohol. Substrate-induced diastereoselectivity was observed, and this represents the first example of a diastereoselective enolate hydrogen borrowing alkylation. By utilizing the Ph* group, the β-branched products could be straightforwardly cleaved to the corresponding esters or amides using a retro-Friedel-Crafts reaction. Finally, this protocol was applied to the synthesis of fragrance compound (±)-3-methyl-5-phenylpentanol.
Class I Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Entinostat Suppresses Regulatory T Cells and Enhances Immunotherapies in Renal and Prostate Cancer Models (2012)

These results demonstrate a novel immunomodulatory effect of class I HDAC inhibition and provide a rationale for the clinical testing of entinostat to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Supramolecular Assembly of Electrostatically Stabilized, Hydroxyproline-Lacking Collagen-Mimetic Peptides (2009)

The mechanical and biological functions of the native collagens remain an inspiration in materials design, but widespread application of de novo collagens has been limited in part by the need for hydroxylated proline in the formation of stable triple helical structures. To address this continued need and to expand the potential for recombinant expression of functional, hydroxyproline-lacking collagen-mimetic peptides, we have designed a hydrophilic, nonrepetitive, and thermally stable collagen-mimetic peptide via the incorporation of triple-helix-stabilizing charged triplets. The peptide sequence is also equipped with a type III-collagen-mimetic cystine knot at the C-terminus to facilitate covalent cross-linking of the triple helix via simple air oxidation. Circular dichroic spectroscopy (CD) studies of this collagen-mimetic peptide revealed a typical, thermally stable, collagen triple helix signature with a weak positive maximum at 225 nm and a triple helix melting temperature (T(m)) of 35 and 43 degrees C for the reduced and oxidized forms, respectively. The thermal behavior was confirmed via analysis by differential scanning calorimetry. Interestingly, this hydroxyproline-lacking, collagen-mimetic peptide also assembles into nanorods and microfibrillar structures as observed via transmission electron microscopy. The identification and demonstrated useful collagen-mimetic properties of this peptide suggests important opportunities in the recombinant design of new collagen-based biomaterials.
EVALUATION OF A MODIFIED DOUBLE-DISC SYNERGY TEST FOR DETECTION OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASES IN AMPC β-LACTAMASE-PRODUCING PROTEUS MIRABILIS (2008)

The detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in gram-negative bacteria that produce AmpC β-lactamases is problematic. In the present study, the performance of modified double-disc synergy test (MDDST) that employs a combination of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam for the detection of Proteus mirabilis producing extended spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases was evaluated and compared with double-disc synergy test (DDST) and NCCLS phenotypic disc confirmatory test (NCCLS-PDCT). A total of 90 clinical isolates of P. mirabilis, which met the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) screening criteria that these had broth microdilution (BMD) MIC of ≥2 μg/mL for at least one extended spectrum cephalosporin [ceftazidime (CAZ), cefotaxime (CTX) and cefpodoxime], were selected for the study. MDDST detected ESBLs in 40/90 of the isolates, whereas DDST detected ESBLs in only 25 isolates. NCCLS-PDCT could detect ESBLs in 39 isolates using CAZ and CAZ + clavulanic acid (CLA) combination, whereas CTX and CTX + CLA combination could detect only 37 isolates as ESBL positive. As many as 34/40 ESBL positive isolates were confirmed to be AmpC β-lactamase positive by the modified three-dimensional test (MTDT). MDDST and NCCLS-PDCT could detect ESBLs in all the 34 AmpC positive isolates, whereas DDST could detect ESBLs in only 19 isolates. The study demonstrated that MDDST is superior to DDST and as sensitive as NCCLS-PDCT. However, MDDST seems to have enhanced potential for the detection of ESBLs in AmpC β-lactamase-producing P. mirabilis.
Design, development, and implementation of the Radiological Physics Center's pelvis and thorax anthropomorphic quality assurance phantoms (2007)

The Radiological Physics Center (RPC) developed two heterogeneous anthropomorphic quality assurance phantoms for use in verifying the accuracy of radiation delivery: one for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to the pelvis and the other for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the thorax. The purpose of this study was to describe the design and development of these two phantoms and to demonstrate the reproducibility of measurements generated with them. The phantoms were built to simulate actual patient anatomy. They are lightweight and water-fillable, and they contain imageable targets and organs at risk of radiation exposure that are of similar densities to their human counterparts. Dosimetry inserts accommodate radiochromic film for relative dosimetry and thermoluminesent dosimetry capsules for absolute dosimetry. As a part of the commissioning process, each phantom was imaged, treatment plans were developed, and radiation was delivered at least three times. Under these controlled irradiation conditions, the reproducibility of dose delivery to the target TLD in the pelvis and thorax phantoms was 3% and 0.5%, respectively. The reproducibility of radiation-field localization was less than 2.5 mm for both phantoms. Using these anthropomorphic phantoms, pelvic IMRT and thoracic SBRT radiation treatments can be verified with a high level of precision. These phantoms can be used to effectively credential institutions for participation in specific NCI-sponsored clinical trials.
Sex pheromone components of the clearwing borer, <i>Carmenta chrysophanes</i> (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): Provisional identification and field tests (2001)

Abstract Sex pheromone components of the clearwing moth, Carmenta chrysophanes (Meyrick), were identified empirically in field tests as ( Z,Z )‐3,13‐octadecadien‐1‐OAc and ( Z,Z )‐3,13‐octadecadien‐1‐ol. Neither component, on its own, was attractive. In trials comparing six binary blends whose acetate contents ranged from 70 to 95%, most moths were caught in traps baited with a 90:10 ratio of acetate : alcohol. Differences between mean catches using the six blends were not significant at P < 0.05, but there was a significant positive correlation ( P < 0.01) between mean catch and the proportion of acetate over the range tested. Gas‐chromatography analyses of pheromone glands revealed the presence of an 18‐carbon diene acetate and an 18‐carbon diene alcohol in a ratio of 88:12.
A Diarylethene Cocrystal that Converts Light into Mechanical Work (2010)

The photomechancial effect of a rectangular plate two-component cocrystal composed of a photochromic diarylethene derivative, 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-(1-naphthyl)-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1o), and perfluoronaphthalene (FN) has been examined. The crystal of 1o·FN with the size of 1-5 mm in length exhibits reversible bending motion upon alternate irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The reversible bending could be repeated over 250 times. In situ X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the deformation of the crystal is due to the elongation of the b-axis of the unit cell, which corresponds to the long axis of the plate crystal, induced by the shape change of component diarylethene molecules upon photocyclization. The bending motion was observed even at 4.7 K, and dynamic measurement of the bending proved that the anisotropic expansion of the crystal takes place in the microsecond time scale at the low temperature. Molecular crystal cantilevers made of 1o·FN can lift metal balls, the weight of which is 200-600 times heavier than the weight of the crystal, upon UV irradiation. The maximum stress generated by UV irradiation was estimated to be 44 MPa, which is 100 times larger than that of muscles (∼0.3 MPa) and comparable to that of piezoelectric crystals, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) (∼50 MPa).
Influence of Electrolytes on Liquid−Liquid Extraction (1998)

peer reviewed
Electrostatic Microphones with Foil Electret (1965)

While the performance of electrostatic microphones with foil electrets is similar in many respects to that of conventional condenser microphones, they have considerably higher capacitance and do not require a dc bias. Recent studies on electret microphones have been extended to a number of dielectric materials. Measurements of the change in sensitivity as a function of time indicate that microphones with fluorocarbon electrets are superior to systems with polyester electrets at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. The results also indicate that the change in sensitivity of electret microphones depends on the stability of the surface charge of foil electrets and on mechanical parameters of the system.
Invasion and Intracellular Survival of <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> (2000)

Burkholderia cepacia has emerged as an important pulmonary pathogen in immunocompromised patients and in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Little is known about the virulence factors and pathogenesis of B. cepacia, although the persistent and sometimes invasive infections caused by B. cepacia suggest that the organism possesses mechanisms for both cellular invasion and evasion of the host immune response. In this study, cultured human cells were used to analyze the invasion and intracellular survival of B. cepacia J2315, a highly transmissible clinical isolate responsible for morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Quantitative invasion and intracellular growth assays demonstrated that B. cepacia J2315 was able to enter, survive, and replicate intracellularly in U937-derived macrophages and A549 pulmonary epithelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy of infected macrophages confirmed the presence of intracellular B. cepacia and showed that intracellular bacteria were contained within membrane-bound vacuoles. An environmental isolate of B. cepacia, strain J2540, was also examined for its ability to invade and survive intracellularly in cultured human cells. J2540 entered cultured macrophages with an invasion frequency similar to that of the clinical strain, but it was less invasive than the clinical strain in epithelial cells. In marked contrast to the clinical strain, the environmental isolate was unable to survive or replicate intracellularly in either cultured macrophages or epithelial cells. Invasion and intracellular survival may play important roles in the ability of virulent strains of B. cepacia to evade the host immune response and cause persistent infections in CF patients.
Characterization of the digital holographic wavefront sensor (2014)

Correction of atmospheric effects on the propagation of laser light can be achieved with adaptive optics (AO) by relying on adequate wavefront sensors. For free-space laser communications and for tracking of high-speed airborne objects, conventional wavefront sensing methods e.g. those based on the Shack-Hartmann sensor (SHS), are not always effective. Partial obscuration and saturation of the detector due to strong turbulence lead to errors in wavefront reconstruction. Another drawback of Shack-Hartmann wavefront-sensing is the timeconsuming readout of the whole detector and subsequent matrix-vector multiplication necessary to reconstruct the wavefront. We characterize a promising modal alternative: digital holographic wavefront sensor (DHWS).We examine the performance of the sensor for single-, and multimode operation and its dependence on the detector size, scintillation, residual tip/tilt and misalignments.
An Address-Event Fall Detector for Assisted Living Applications (2008)

In this paper, we describe an address-event vision system designed to detect accidental falls in elderly home care applications. The system raises an alarm when a fall hazard is detected. We use an asynchronous temporal contrast vision sensor which features sub-millisecond temporal resolution. The sensor reports a fall at ten times higher temporal resolution than a frame-based camera and shows 84% higher bandwidth efficiency as it transmits fall events. A lightweight algorithm computes an instantaneous motion vector and reports fall events. We are able to distinguish fall events from normal human behavior, such as walking, crouching down, and sitting down. Our system is robust to the monitored person's spatial position in a room and presence of pets.
Optical-Waveguide Band-Rejection Filters: Design (1974)

A method for designing optical-waveguide band-rejection filters is presented that allows side-lobe levels to be reduced by several orders of magnitude while the rolloff rate of the response characteristics is not appreciably degraded. The method is based upon the control of the shape of the perturbation-amplitude envelope. We discuss in detail the particular case where the coupling coefficient of the waveguide filter takes the form of a modified raised cosine function along the length of the waveguide. Side-lobe level and rolloff can be traded off by appropriately choosing the index p of the function. Design curves are included that allow the optimization of filter responses for side-lobe levels or rolloff characteristics.
Identification of coreference between names and faces (1999)

To retrieve multimedia contents by their meaning, it is necessary to use not only the contents of distinct media, such as image or language, but also a certain semantic relation holding between them. For this purpose, in this paper, we propose a method to find coreferences between human names in the article of newspaper and human faces in the accompanying photograph. The method we proposed is based on the machine learning and the hypothesis driven combining method for identifying names and corresponding faces. Our experimental results show that the recall and precision rate of our method are better than those of the system which uses information exclusively from either text media or image media.
In Vitro Processing of the 3′-Overhanging DNA in the Postcleavage Complex Involved in V(D)J Joining (2004)

The postcleavage complex involved in V(D)J joining is known to possess a transpositional strand transfer activity, whose physiological role is yet to be clarified. Here we report that RAG1 and RAG2 proteins in the signal end (SE) complex cleave the 3'-overhanging structure of the synthetic coding-end (CE) DNA in two successive steps in vitro. The 3'-overhanging structure is attacked by the SE complex imprecisely, near the double-stranded/single-stranded (ds/ss) junction, and transferred to the SE. The transferred overhang is then resolved and cleaved precisely at the ds/ss junction, generating either the linear or the circular cleavage products. Thus, the blunt-end structure is restored for the SE and variably processed ends are generated for the synthetic CE. This 3'-processing activity is observed not only with the core RAG2 but also with the full-length protein.
Methods of Retinal Ganglion Cell Differentiation From Pluripotent Stem Cells (2014)

Glaucoma, the worldwide leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and loss of retinal ganglion cells. Research into glaucoma pathogenesis has been hampered by difficulties in isolating and culturing retinal ganglion cells in vitro. However, recent improvements in laboratory techniques have enabled the generation of a variety of mature cell types from pluripotent stem cells, including retinal ganglion cells. Indeed, stem cell-based approaches have the potential to revolutionize the field by providing an unlimited source of cells for replacement therapies and by enabling development of in vitro disease models for drug screening and research. Consequently, research aimed at directing pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into retinal ganglion cells has expanded dramatically during the past decade, resulting in significant advances in technique and efficiency. In this paper, we review the methodology for retinal ganglion cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells of both mouse and human origin and summarize how these techniques have opened up new avenues for modelling glaucoma. Generation of stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells will have significant translational values, providing an in vitro platform to study the mechanisms responsible for pathogenesis and for drug screening to improve treatment options, as well as for the development of cell therapies for optic neuropathies such as glaucoma.
Bluetooth as a victim detection sensor (2012)

This work investigates the promise of Bluetooth wireless communication protocol as a victim detection sensor. The fact that cellphones are carried by people can lead rescue robots to track Bluetooth devices alongside other victim detection sensors (e.g., Heat, CO2, Voice, Visual motion detector, etc.). Bluetooth communication protocol can provide the received signal strength (RSS) as an indication of the distance between the two devices in communication. Therefore, the RSS can be used to estimate the distance between the robot and any possible Bluetooth device carried by a victim. This can lead a rescue robot to check other victim sensory data to confirm the existence of a victim in the vicinity of the detected Bluetooth emitting device.