gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H-Ras Signaling and K-Ras Signaling Are Differentially Dependent on Endocytosis (2002)

Endocytosis is required for efficient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation by activated growth factor receptors. We examined if H-Ras and K-Ras proteins, which are distributed across different plasma membrane microdomains, have equal access to the endocytic compartment and whether this access is necessary for downstream signaling. Inhibition of endocytosis by dominant interfering dynamin-K44A blocked H-Ras but not K-Ras-mediated PC12 cell differentiation and selectively inhibited H-Ras- but not K-Ras-mediated Raf-1 activation in BHK cells. H-Ras- but not K-Ras-mediated Raf-1 activation was also selectively dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity. Stimulation of endocytosis and endocytic recycling by wild-type Rab5 potentiated H-Ras-mediated Raf-1 activation. In contrast, Rab5-Q79L, which stimulates endocytosis but not endocytic recycling, redistributed activated H-Ras from the plasma membrane into enlarged endosomes and inhibited H-Ras-mediated Raf-1 activation. Rab5-Q79L expression did not cause the accumulation of wild-type H-Ras in enlarged endosomes. Expression of wild-type Rab5 or Rab5-Q79L increased the specific activity of K-Ras-activated Raf-1 but did not result in any redistribution of K-Ras from the plasma membrane to endosomes. These results show that H-Ras but not K-Ras signaling though the Raf/MEK/MAPK cascade requires endocytosis and endocytic recycling. The data also suggest a mechanism for returning Raf-1 to the cytosol after plasma membrane recruitment.
NIFS RETRIEVAL DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR ATOMIC DATA THROUGH THE WWW (1998)

The Data and Planning Center at NIFS has developed a retrieval display system for atomic data since 1979. This year we reconstructed our atomic database to be accessible via the World Wide Web. We introduce our atomic and molecular numerical databases and describe how to use them.
[Expression of human superoxide dismutase gene in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and its anti-oxidative effect]. (1999)

A retroviral vector containing human superoxide dismutase (SOD) cDNA was constructed and transfected into rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The expression of exogenous hSOD1 in the VSMCs was analyzed with Northern and Southern blot. The protection of the transfected and/or non-transfected VSMCs from free radical produced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) system was investigated. The results showed that the construction strategy of the vector was correctly performed and the expression of hSOD1 in the transfected cells was highly detectable. The cell damage of X/XO could be alleviated with expression of hSOD1 in the transfected cells, as compared to control. In addition, proliferation of the transfected VSMCs resulted from oxidative stress was suppressed. It is suggested that the expression of gene-transferred hSOD1 is able to prevent the formation of atherosclerosis, partially due to its cell protection and inhibition of the proliferative embolization.
Symptomatic Improvement of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder With Sertraline Treatment (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is an important cause of symptoms and functional impairment in menstruating women. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the efficacy of sertraline hydrochloride for treatment of premenstrual dysphoria by measuring changes in symptom expression and functional impairment. <h3>Design.</h3> —Two screening cycles followed by 1 single-blind placebo cycle and 3 cycles of randomized, double-blind, placebo treatment. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Twelve university-affiliated outpatient psychiatry and gynecology clinics. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Of the 447 women who requested participation, 243 met criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder and were randomized; 200 women completed the study. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —A flexible (50-150 mg) daily dose of sertraline hydrochloride. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The Daily Record of Severity of Problems, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Clinical Global Impression Scale, and Social Adjustment Scale. <h3>Results.</h3> —Mean (±SD) total daily symptom scores decreased significantly (<i>P</i><.001) in the sertraline-treated (64±22 to 44±19) compared with the placebotreated (62±22 to 54±24) groups. Significant improvement (<i>P</i><.05) was found for all clinically derived symptom clusters (depressive, physical, and anger/irritability symptoms). Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores decreased by 44% and 29% in the sertraline and placebo groups, respectively (<i>P</i><.002). End-point global ratings showed much or very much improvement in 62% of the active treatment group and 34% of the placebo treatment group (<i>P</i><.001). Reported functional impairment was substantial at baseline. Improvement in psychosocial functioning with treatment was similar to what is found in studies of major depression. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Sertraline was significantly better than placebo for treatment of premenstrual dysphoria as reflected by symptomatic improvement and change in reported functional impairment. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline are useful therapeutic options for women with premenstrual dysphoria.
Determination of Temperature, Velocity Distribution, and Population Densities of Neutral Helium by Means of Laser Light Tuned on Atomic Resonances (1980)

Temperature, velocity distribution, and population density of neutral Helium in the 23P level in a discharge of different current and pressure values are measured by absorption, dispersion, and resonant scattering experiments. The light source for these investigations is a tunable dye laser with linewidth of 2 MHz. The measurements show that there is a good mutual agreement among each of these methods and that these diagnostic methods are very easily adapted to investigate discharges with low densities of population, where Doppler-broadening mechanisms predominate. In addition, the experimental values of the index of refraction are compared with the linear dispersion theory confirming the predicted theoretical profiles.
CONTROLE DA COCHONILHA DO ABACAXIZEIRO Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) (HEMIPTERA; STERNORRYNCHA; PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL (2000)

Este trabalho apresenta recomendações para o controle da cochonilha do abacaxizeiro e faz suges-tões para adequar a época, o número de tratamentos e o voluine de calda às condições do RS, bem como conside-rações sobre custo comparativo dos inseticidas recomendados, destino das caldas usadas, manejo da biomassacontaminada, estado sanitário e longevidade das lavouras e necessidades de pesquisa, objetivando reduzir perdasdevido a esta praga que, em outras regiões, é controlada através do tratamento de mudas e/ou pulverizaçõespreventivas das lavouras aos 60, 150 e 240 dias após o plantio, aplicando-se, respectivamente 30, 50 e 70 ml desolução/planta. Entretanto, estas recomendações estão baseadas em pesquisas feitas em e para regiões climatica-mente diferentes daquelas reinantes no RS onde observações de lavoura e o comportamento da temperatura,precipitação e umidade do ar ao longo do ano, indicam que a população de cochonilhas cresce.de setembro a maioe diminui no inverno. Em função disso, e levando-se em conta que no RS o abacaxizeiro apresenta crescimentomais lento, ciclo mais longo e menor produtividade de biomassa, é recomendável que as lavouras recebam de doisa quatro tratamentos anuais, preferencialmente no período de maior crescimento da praga e da cultura (setembroa maio), usando 70% do volume de calda dos produtos recomendados para outras regiões. Tratar ou não as mudase a escolha do tratamento mais adequado depende do tipo de muda, preparo do solo, grau de contaminação eépoca do ano.
Differential Splicing and Alternative Polyadenylation Generate Multiple Mimecan mRNA Transcripts (1997)

We previously showed the 25-kDa corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycan to be a translation product of the gene producing osteoglycin and proposed the name mimecan for this gene and its product. We also demonstrated three mimecan RNA transcripts using Northern blot analysis. In this report, we investigate the mechanisms accounting for these transcripts. Ribonuclease protection analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of bovine corneal mRNA detected a mimecan transcript that lacked 278 base pairs of the 5'-untranslated region between residues 62 and 340. This splice variant represents the predominant form of mimecan mRNA in bovine cornea and sclera. It was also detectable in other bovine tissues as a minor transcript. Two additional cDNA clones that were isolated contained 398 bases of nucleotide sequence at the 3'-end of mimecan cDNA, not present in the published sequence. Ribonuclease protection analyses with the 3'-probe, which included the new sequence, allow detection of three RNA transcripts while 5'-probes recognized only two. These results indicate that the three canonical polyadenylation sites in the 3'-untranslated region of mimican mRNA are alternatively selected. Possible roles for this previously undetected degree of diversity of mimecan RNA isoforms transcribed in the same tissue are discussed.
Ueber Nitro‐ und Amido‐Acetophenon (Hypnon) (1902)

Namentlich war es A. v. Baeyerl), der in Gemeinschaft mit seinen Schtilern die ersten grundlegenden Arbeiten verbffentlichte, in welchen er die nahen Beziehungen des Indigo zum Indol und Isatin feststellte und dann mit einer Reihe glbzender Synthesen die Fiihrerrolle auf diesem Gebiete iibernahm.Fast gleichzeitig mit den ersten Baeyer'schen Untersuchungen erschien eine Arbeit von A. E m m e r l i n g und C. Englers), in welcher gezeigt wurde, dass sich das o-Nitroacetophenon beim Erhiteen mit Zinkstaub und Natronkalk in Indigo iiberfiihren 18sat.Wenn auch die Mengee) d e s nach diesem Verfahren gewonnenen Farbstoffes sehr gering war.worm weniger das Verfahren, als vielmehr die unreine Beuchaffenheit,
Critical Variables of Solder Paste Stencil Printing for Micro-BGA and Fine-Pitch QFP (2004)

Stencil printing continues to be the dominant method of solder deposition in high-volume surface-mount assembly. Control of the amount of solder paste deposited is critical in the case of fine-pitch and ultrafine-pitch surface-mount assembly. The process is still not well understood as indicated by the fact that industry reports 52-71% surface-mount technology (SMT) defects are related to the solder paste stencil printing process. The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical variables that influence the volume, area, and height of solder paste deposited. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of relevant process parameters on the amount of solder paste deposited for ball grid arrays (BGAs) and quad flat packages (QFPs) of five different pitches ranging from 0.76 mm (30 mil) to 0.3 mm (12 mil). The effects of aperture size, aperture shape, board finish, stencil thickness, solder type, and print speed were examined. The deposited solder paste was measured by an inline fully automatic laser-based three-dimensional (3-D) triangulation solder paste inspection system. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that aperture size and stencil thickness are the two most critical variables. A linear relationship between transfer ratio (defined as the ratio of the deposited paste volume to the stencil aperture volume) and area ratio (defined as the ratio of the area of the aperture opening to the area of the aperture wall) is proposed. The analysis indicates that the selection of a proper stencil thickness is the key to controlling the amount of solder paste deposited, and that the selection of maximum stencil thickness should be based on the area ratio. The experimental results are shown to be consistent with a theoretical model, which are also described.
Cell-autonomous behavior of the rolC gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes during leaf development: a visual assay for transposon excision in transgenic plants. (1989)

We describe a genetic switch based on the Ac transposable element of maize and the rolC gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, a dominant gene, which has pleiotropic effects on plant growth and morphology. Moreover, rolC gene expression under the control of the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter decreases chlorophyll content in transgenic tobacco plants. Chlorophyll is a visible cell-autonomous marker, and it is shown here that the reduction in chlorophyll content caused by the rolC gene product allows us to monitor, in palisade or spongy mesophyll cells, Ac excision events resulting in rolC gene expression as pale-green sectors and spots. Our results indicate that the rolC gene product behaves in a cell-autonomous manner during leaf development, at least as far as chlorophyll accumulation is concerned. In addition, the rolC gene can be useful to evaluate visually if and when a transposable element is active. Most important, we propose the use of a transposable element as a tool to activate expression of morphogenetic genes in a clonal population of cells. This could be particularly useful when studying genes affecting growth and development whose constitutive expression can severely impair regeneration of transgenic plants.
Tranilast inhibits the proliferation, chemotaxis and tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells <i>in vitro</i> and angiogenesis <i>in vivo</i> (1997)

1. First developed as an antiallergic drug, tranilast inhibits chemical mediator release from mast cells. In the present study, we examine the effects of tranilast on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and discuss the application of tranilast for angiogenic diseases. 2. Tranilast inhibited significantly the proliferation (IC50: 136 microM, 95% confidence limits: 134-137 microM) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF)-induced chemotaxis (IC50: 135 microM, 95% confidence limits: 124-147 microM) of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) at concentrations greater than 25 micrograms ml-1. No toxicity to HDMECs measuring by LDH release and no inhibitory effects on metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity were observed even at 100 micrograms ml-1 (306 microM). 3. Tube formation of HDMECs cultured on the matrigel as an in vitro angiogenesis model was inhibited by tranilast in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 value and 95% confidence limits were 175 microM and 151-204 microM, respectively. 4. In vivo angiogenesis was induced in mice by the subcutaneous injection of matrigel containing 30 ng ml-1 VEGF and 64 micrograms ml-1 heparin. Tranilast was administered orally twice a day for 3 days. Tranilast dose-dependently suppressed angiogenesis in the matrigel and a significant change was observed at a dose of 300 mg kg-1. 5. These results indicate that tranilast is an angiogenesis inhibitor which may be beneficial for the improvement of angiogenic diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, tumour invasion and rheumatoid arthritis.
Resonance Raman depolarization ratios as a probe of ultrafast excited-state torsional dynamics: a critical evaluation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonance Raman depolarization ratios as a probe of ultrafast excited-state torsional dynamics: a critical evaluationAnne B. MyersCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4, 1536–1538Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100157a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100157a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of phthalocyanines with one sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, or amino group (1995)

Abstract Monofunctional phthalocyanines 7a,b , one bearing a sulfo and the other one a carboxyl group, were synthesized by lithium alkoxyde‐catalyzed statistical tetramerization of 4‐(4‐ tert ‐butylphenoxy)‐1,2‐benzenedicarbonitrile ( 3c ) with 1,2‐dicyanobenzenes 3a,b carrying a carboxyl or sulfo group. Tribenzonaphthoporphyrazines 9a,b with one carboxyl or amino group were prepared under similar reaction conditions by tetramerization of 3,6‐dihexyloxy‐1,2‐benzenedicar‐bonitrile with 6‐amino‐ or 6‐carboxy‐2,3‐naphthalenedicar‐bonitrile 6b,6a . The zinc(II)‐containing macrocycles 7a, b, 9a, b obtained in yields of 11–20% were purified by column chromatography and characterized by UV/Vis, mass, and 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy.
Fluorinated Naphthalocyanines Displaying Simultaneous Reverse Saturable Absorption at 532 and 1064 nm (2005)

Photostable naphthalocyanines (see Figure) can act as optical limiters, simultaneously absorbing nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm and 1064 nm. In these naphthalocyanines, where M can correspond to Zn, InCl, or In(p-trifluoromethylphenyl), the pattern of substitution and the nature of the substituents were found to be critical factors in achieving such a combination of linear and nonlinear optical properties. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c1621_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Management of Cancer-Related Anemia in Patients with Breast or Gynecologic Cancer: New Insights Based on Results from the European Cancer Anemia Survey (2005)

The incidence, prevalence, and treatment of anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] <12 g/dl) in women with breast cancer and gynecologic cancer were evaluated using data from the European Cancer Anemia Survey (ECAS). Adult patients with newly diagnosed treated or untreated disease, persistent/recurrent disease, and disease in remission were enrolled and followed for up to six chemotherapy cycles or six evaluation points within a 6-month period. At enrollment, 30.4% of breast cancer patients and 49.1% of gynecologic cancer patients were anemic. A significant correlation was shown between low Hb level and poor performance status (World Health Organization criteria) at enrollment for both breast cancer and gynecologic cancer patients. In all, 62.4% of breast cancer patients and 81.4% of gynecologic cancer patients were anemic at some time during the survey. The incidence of anemia, determined in a carefully defined population, was 59.8% for breast cancer patients and 74.8% for gynecologic cancer patients. Despite the high prevalence and incidence of anemia, only 26.3% and 42.7% of patients in the respective groups received anemia treatment. In breast cancer patients, the mean Hb trigger was 10 g/dl for epoetin treatment and 8.6 g/dl for transfusion; corresponding values for gynecologic cancer patients were 10.1 g/dl and 9.1 g/dl. Logistic regression analyses in the overall ECAS population identified five factors as significant and suitable predictors of anemia: lower initial Hb, having lung or gynecologic cancer versus gastrointestinal/colorectal cancer, any other cancer versus gastrointestinal/colorectal cancer, treatment with platinum chemotherapy, and being female. The ECAS data highlight the need for greater awareness of the adverse impact of anemia on cancer patients and for optimal anemia management to ensure maximal patient quality of life.
Membrane properties and adrenergic responses in locus coeruleus neurons of young rats (1987)

Intracellular recordings were made from locus coeruleus neurons in slices taken from rats 8-26 d of age. Neurons from these animals exhibited spontaneous action potentials, which were superimposed on slow (0.3-3 Hz) rhythmic depolarizations. The frequency of these potentials was closely related to the age of the animals from which the slice was taken, the slowest frequencies being observed in tissues from the youngest animals. In adult animals, such rhythmic activity was only rarely observed under normal recording conditions. The rhythmic depolarizations had a slow rate of rise and fall, were 3-15 mV in amplitude, were not affected by tetrodotoxin, and were abolished in solutions that contained elevated magnesium content. When the membrane potential was hyperpolarized by passing current through the recording electrode, the depolarizing rhythmic activity persisted even at very negative potentials (-120 mV). These depolarizations appear to be generated by the inward movement of calcium ions, probably in dendritic regions of the neuron. Superfusion of phenylephrine caused membrane depolarizations, increased the frequency of action potentials and of the slow, rhythmic depolarizations in about 80% of the cells from young rats, whereas it had no effect or a depressant action on cells from adults. Noradrenaline hyperpolarized the cells through an alpha 2-adrenoceptor and abolished the slow depolarizations. In cells from young rats, the hyperpolarization produced by noradrenaline reached a maximum and then declined, such that there was a "sag" in the membrane potential toward the resting potential following the peak of the hyperpolarization. Following the washout of noradrenaline, the membrane potential repolarized before moving toward the resting level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A NOTE ON DEFINING IDENTITIES OF DISTRIBUTIVE LATTICES (2003)

coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) can be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may be associated with cytokine storm and multiorgan failure. Anti-inflammatory agents, such as systemic corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used for this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of mannuronic acid (M2000), which is a novel NSAID, on COVID-19-related cytokine storms. This study was conducted in vitro on blood samples of 30 COVID-19 patients who presented with ARDS to a referral center. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood samples and incubated with phorbol myristate acetate for 24 hours. M2000 was administered with the dosages of 25 µg/well and 50 µg/well after 4 hours of incubation at 37°C. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess mRNA gene expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the supernatant PBMC levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ. Both mRNA expression and the supernatant PBMC levels of IL-17, TNF-α, IL‑6, and IFN‑γ were decreased in PBMCs of COVID-19 patients treated with M2000 compared with the control group. For the first time, it was observed that M2000 could be effective in alleviating the inflammatory cascade of COVID-19 patients based on an in vitro model. After further studies in vitro and in animal models, M2000 could be considered a novel NSAID drug in COVID-19 patients.
A Mirror Based Event Cloaking Device (2013)

We propose a way of implementing an event cloaking device without the use of metamaterials. Rather than slowing down and speeding up light, we manipulate an obscurity gap by diverting the light through paths of appropriate length with an arrangement of switchable transreflective mirrors.