gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Machine Learning for Encrypted Traffic Classification (2016)

Desktops and laptops can be maliciously exploited to violate privacy. In this paper, we consider the daily battle between the passive attacker who is targeting a specific user against a user that may be adversarial opponent. In this scenario, while the attacker tries to choose the best vector attack by surreptitiously monitoring the victims encrypted network traffic in order to identify users parameters such as the Operating System (OS), browser and apps. The user may use tools such as a Virtual Private Network (VPN) or even change protocols parameters to protect his/her privacy. We provide a large dataset of more than 20,000 examples for this task. We run a comprehensive set of experiments, that achieves high (above 85) classification accuracy, robustness and resilience to changes of features as a function of different network conditions at test time. We also show the effect of a small training set on the accuracy.
Collecting more garbage (1994)

We present a method, adapted to polymorphically typed functional languages, to detect and collect more garbage than existing GCS. It can be applied to strict or lazy bigher order languages and to several garbage collection schemes. Our GC exploits the information on utility of arguments provided by polymorphic types of functions. It is able to detect garbage that is still referenced from the stack and may collect useless parts of otherwise useful data structures. We show how to partially collect shared data structures and to extend the type system to infer more precise information. We also present how this technique can plug several common forms of space leaks. * We assume for now a language with no polymorphic comparison operators ; they are considered in section 3.3.
The Soft-SixthFinger: a Wearable EMG Controlled Robotic Extra-Finger for Grasp Compensation in Chronic Stroke Patients (2016)

This letter presents the Soft-SixthFinger, a wearable robotic extra-finger designed to be used by chronic stroke patients to compensate for the missing hand function of their paretic limb. The extra-finger is an underactuated modular structure worn on the paretic forearm by means of an elastic band. The device and the paretic hand/arm act like the two parts of a gripper working together to hold an object. The patient can control the flexion/extension of the robotic finger through the eCap, an electromyography-based (EMG) interface embedded in a cap. The user can control the device by contracting the frontalis muscle. Such contraction can be achieved simply moving his or her eyebrows upwards. The Soft-SixthFinger has been designed as tool that can be used by chronic stroke patients to compensate for grasping in many activities of daily living (ADL). It can be wrapped around the wrist and worn as a bracelet when not used. The light weight and the complete wireless connection with the EMG interface guarantee a high portability and wearability. We tested the device with qualitative experiments involving six chronic stroke patients. Results show that the proposed system significantly improves the performances of the patients in the proposed tests and, more in general, their autonomy in ADL.
Titania Nanotubes by Electrochemical Anodization for Solar Energy Conversion (2014)

TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTs) are a promising platform for the conversion of sunlight to electricity in photovoltaic systems or to fuels in photoelectrochemical solar cells. We overview the properties and functionality of the various components of TiO2 NT-based devices, discuss their integration in the energy conversion system and summarize recent advances in the field. In particular, we discuss the electronic and charge transport properties of TiO2 NTs that govern the device performance and efficiency. Since the main challenge for the practical use of TiO2 is the inability to absorb visible light, particular attention is paid to available techniques for TiO2 sensitization, extending absorption beyond the UV portion of the solar spectrum. These techniques include doping to alter the bandgap and pairing TiO2 with dyes, inorganic narrow band-gap semiconductors, or metal nanoparticles that exhibit plasmonic behavior. Various catalysts have been successfully paired with TiO2 to accelerate the photocatalytic reactions of interest; materials, synthesis methods and catalytic mechanisms will also be discussed. Finally, we give a prospective outlook on the future of TiO2 nanotubes for photoelectrochemical applications and identify areas for future research.
Digital Signal Processor(DSP)-Based Novel Variable Structure Control For Robot Manipulator (1987)

A new variable structure control scheme which consists of continuous adaptive gain feedback(PI) and feedforward controls is developed to achieve accurate decoupled model following in a class of nonlinear time-varying systems in the presence of disturbances, parameter variations and nonlinear dynamic interactions. Then the developed method is practically applied to decoupled model following motion control for a two-degrees-of-freedom manipulator powered by PWM transistor converter-fed servo motors. The overall control strategies are implemented with a DSP(TI,TMS32020). Tt is found by the experiments that this controller is simple, is easily designed and performs extremely satisfactorily.
Video Affective Content Analysis: A Survey of State-of-the-Art Methods (2015)

Video affective content analysis has been an active research area in recent decades, since emotion is an important component in the classification and retrieval of videos. Video affective content analysis can be divided into two approaches: direct and implicit. Direct approaches infer the affective content of videos directly from related audiovisual features. Implicit approaches, on the other hand, detect affective content from videos based on an automatic analysis of a user's spontaneous response while consuming the videos. This paper first proposes a general framework for video affective content analysis, which includes video content, emotional descriptors, and users' spontaneous nonverbal responses, as well as the relationships between the three. Then, we survey current research in both direct and implicit video affective content analysis, with a focus on direct video affective content analysis. Lastly, we identify several challenges in this field and put forward recommendations for future research.
Efficient light trapping scheme by periodic and quasi-random light trapping structures (2008)

Solar cells based on thin-film microcrystalline (μc-Si:H) or amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) with absorber layers in the micrometer range require highly efficient light trapping and an optimal incoupling of the entire sun spectrum. To investigate and optimize their optical properties the wave propagation in thin-film silicon solar cells is modelled in 3D solving the Maxwell equations rigorously. A periodic nanostructured texture with square based inverted pyramids is investigated as an alternative to the commonly used randomly rough texture. Different back contact designs were tested and their influence on the long wavelength light trapping was studied. A quasi-random light trapping structure that is composed of different pyramid period sizes was modelled and compared to a periodic single pyramid light trapping structure.
The Boulder Model: History, rationale, and critique. (1984)

Although the current philosophy of education in clinical psychology allows for the existence oj a program of training clinical psychologists who primarily want to be practitioners in conjunction with the more traditional scientist-practitioner (Boulder Model) program, departments of psychology have been reticent to adopt two-track programs. Indeed, the controversy as to the heuristic value of the scientist-practitioner program versus the practitioner program continues. The criticism of the Boulder Model is that the rationale for requiring clinical psychology students to learn to do research as well as train to be clinicians was spurious; the Boulder Model trains students as researchers, a role that is incompatible with their interests and abilities. The history of the development of the Boulder Model was reviewed as were the data regarding the personality traits, interests, and abilities of people interested in research versus service work. These data indicate that the objections of the critics are well-founded.
Surface modification of ceramic materials using excimer laser (2000)

Changes of surface morphology following XeCl excimer laser irradiation were investigated for three engineering ceramic materials (Al2O3, Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite and Si3N4) Al2O3 and Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite samples exhibit a smooth rapid melt layer on the surface, and the formation of the metastable gamma-Al2O3 was observed. A silicon-rich layer on the surface was formed after laser irradiation of Si3N4. The toughness K-1c of the materials was measured by the indentation fracture method. After laser irradiation, the toughness of Al2O3, Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite and Si3N4 was improved to various degrees: Al2O3-SiC nanocomposite, 60% (max.); Al2O3, 40% (max.); Si3N4, 12% (max.).
Cell cycle–regulated phosphorylation of p220<sup>NPAT</sup>by cyclin E/Cdk2 in Cajal bodies promotes histone gene transcription (2000)

Cyclin E/Cdk2 acts at the G1/S-phase transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis. To explore further how cyclin E/Cdk2 controls S-phase events, we examined the subcellular localization of the cyclin E/Cdk2 interacting protein p220(NPAT) and its regulation by phosphorylation. p220 is localized to discrete nuclear foci. Diploid fibroblasts in Go and G1 contain two p220 foci, whereas S- and G2-phase cells contain primarily four p220 foci. Cells in metaphase and telophase have no detectable focus. p220 foci contain cyclin E and are coincident with Cajal bodies (CBs), subnuclear organelles that associate with histone gene clusters on chromosomes 1 and 6. Interestingly, p220 foci associate with chromosome 6 throughout the cell cycle and with chromosome 1 during S phase. Five cyclin E/Cdk2 phosphorylation sites in p220 were identified. Phospho-specific antibodies against two of these sites react with p220 within CBs in a cell cycle-specific manner. The timing of p220 phosphorylation correlates with the appearance of cyclin E in CBs at the G1/S boundary, and this phosphorylation is maintained until prophase. Expression of p220 activates transcription of the histone H2B promoter. Importantly, mutation of Cdk2 phosphorylation sites to alanine abrogates the ability of p220 to activate the histone H2B promoter. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that p220(NPAT) links cyclical cyclin E/Cdk2 kinase activity to replication-dependent histone gene transcription.
Time frequency localization of pulse shaping filters in OFD/OQAM systems (2007)

In this paper we investigate the time frequency localization (TFL) properties of different pulse shapes in OFDM/OQAM systems. Various prototype functions, such as rectangular, half cosine, Isotropic Orthogonal Transfer Algorithm (IOTA) function and Extended Gaussian Functions (EGF) are discussed and implemented in a Matlab/Octave Simulation Workbench for Software Defined Radio by direct discretisation of the continuous time model. Simulation results show that pulse shapes with good TFL properties can have near perfect reconstruction.
Modulation of Alzheimer's pathology by cerebro‐ventricular grafting of hybridoma cells expressing antibodies against Aβ in vivo (2005)

Accumulation in brain of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) is considered as crucial pathogenic event causing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anti-Abeta immune therapy is a powerful means for Abeta clearance from the brain. We recently showed that intravenous injections of anti-Abeta antibodies led to reduction, elevation or no change in brain Abeta42 concentrations of an AD mouse model. We report here, in a second passive immunization protocol, a different bioactivity of same antibodies to alter brain Abeta42 concentrations. Comparing the bioactivity of anti-Abeta antibodies in these two passive immunization paradigms underscores the potential of immune therapy for AD treatment and suggests that both the epitope recognized by the antibody and the mode of antibody administration are crucial for its biological activity.
A comparative study of two biorthogonal wavelet transforms in time series prediction (2002)

We present comparative results of time-series prediction preprocessed with two different wavelet transforms: (1) the compactly supported biorthogonal wavelet transform developed by Cohen, Daubechies, and Feauveau (1992), and (2) the semi-orthogonal wavelet transform, a class of biorthogonal wavelet transform, constructed by Cai and Wang (1996). Both theoretical and computational results of the two wavelet transforms are discussed. The major difference between the two wavelet transforms is the computational procedure. So far, only the semi-orthogonal wavelet transform of Cai and Wang can compute wavelet coefficients from a coarse scale level to a fine scale level, which makes the computation more flexible and cost effective. However, the compactly supported biorthogonal wavelet transform of Cohen et al. Has better decorrelation property. Thus, we found that the semi-orthogonal wavelet transform of Cai and Wang provides a faster computation process while the compactly supported biorthogonal wavelet transform provides better predicted wavelet coefficients in our experimental results. Based on the wavelet coefficients computed from signals, nonlinear prediction models utilizing recurrent neural networks are applied to predict wavelet coefficients at each scale level, Thus, the predicted signal is obtained from the reconstruction of predicted wavelet coefficients, In our experiments, the multi-step prediction using wavelet transforms gives much superior results than those obtained without using wavelet transforms. We applied our method to predict specific time series, intracranial pressure, acquired from head-trauma patients in the neuro intensive care unit at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
Immunocytochemical evaluation of liver fine-needle aspirations. (1989)

A panel of antibodies to intermediate filaments, oncofetal antigens, and hepatocellular markers was tested on a prospective series of liver fine-needle aspirates to determine its utility in distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic carcinomas. All fine-needle aspirations were assisted to ensure adequate cellularity, and were examined by a multimodal approach that included the preparation of B-5-formaldehyde-fixed cell blocks by the plasmathrombin technique. alpha-Fetoprotein was positive in four of eight HCCs, including the one example of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, but negative in the one case of pure cholangiocarcinoma and all cases of metastatic carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen positivity was noted in four HCCs, a high proportion of metastatic adenocarcinomas, and occasional metastatic squamous cell carcinomas, but not in the one example of cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in only two cases of HCCs, but not in any metastatic tumors. Keratin and vimentin were positive, respectively, in four and three HCCs, and a variable proportion of metastatic carcinomas often coexpressed both antigens. Epithelial membrane antigen was positive in five of the eight HCCs. Our findings are consistent with the view that alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B surface antigen are reliable markers for HCC. However, none of the immunocytochemical markers reliably distinguished the primary site of metastatic carcinoma. The intensity of the immunostains in the fine-needle aspirations was comparable with that observed in tissues, but fragmentation of cell groups interfered with interpretation. Multiple passes and verification of the cellularity of the aspirates are crucial factors for the success of this approach to diagnosis.
Evidence supporting an operon model for the expression of toxins A and B by Clostridium difficile (1995)

Clostridium difficile is a human pathogen which produces two protein toxins, A and B, that cause a potentially lethal gastrointestinal syndrome termed pseudomembranous colitis. Production of both toxins correlates with the onset of sporulation of this organism. In addition, although C. difficile strains vary significantly in how much of both toxins they produce, a 1:1 ratio is maintained by all strains, suggesting that the production of both toxins is coordinately regulated. Moreover, both toxin genes are adjacent on the bacterial chromosome with the toxin B gene being upstream of the toxin A gene. Nevertheless, nothing is known about the regulation of toxin production, and cis-regulatory region(s) of neither toxin gene have yet been identified. \n\nTherefore, the hypothesis being examined here is whether these toxin genes are under operon control, thereby implying a single promoter for both toxin genes. To test this hypothesis, a putative promoter region upstream of toxin B was localized to a 245-bp DNA fragment and characterized in an Escherichia coli system by nested deletion, gel retardation and binding competition analyses. Further studies of this promoter region revealed two sets of overlapping promoters that showed homology to both the consensus sequences oiE. coli and Gram (+) bacteria. This promoter region upstream of the toxin B gene was also footprinted with the purified E. coli RNA polymerase for additional characterization.
Exploring the solid state properties of enzymatic poly(amine-co-ester) terpolymers to expand their applications in gene transfection (2014)

Polymers bearing amino functional groups are an important class of materials capable of serving as non-viral carriers for DNA delivery to living cells. In this work biodegradable poly(amine-<i>co</i>-ester) terpolymers were synthesized via ring-opening and polycondensation copolymerization of lactone (ε-caprolactone (CL), ω-dodecalactone, ω-pentadecalactone (PDL), and ω-hexadecalactone) with diethyl sebacate (DES) and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) in diphenyl ether, catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). All lactone-DES-MDEA terpolymers had random distributions of lactone, sebacate, MDEA repeat units in the polymer chains. PDL-DES-MDEA terpolymers were studied in the composition range from 21 mol% to 90 mol% PDL whereas the terpolymers with other lactones were investigated at a single composition (80 mol% lactone). DSC and WAXS analyses showed that all investigated terpolymers crystallize in their respective homopolylactone crystal lattice. Terpolymers with large lactones and a high lactone content melt well above room temperature and are hard solids, whereas terpolymers with small lactones (e.g. CL) or with a low lactone content melt below/around ambient temperature and are waxy/gluey materials. Given the importance of hydrophobicity in influencing gene delivery, water contact angle measurements were carried out on lactone-DES-MDEA terpolymers showing that it is possible to tune the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic balance by varying polymer composition and size of lactone units. To demonstrate the feasibility of using solid terpolymers as nanocarriers for DNA delivery, PDL-DES-MDEA copolymers with 65-90% PDL were successfully transformed into free-standing nanoparticles with average particle size ranging from 163 to 175 nm. Our preliminary results showed that LucDNA-loaded nanoparticles of the terpolymer with 65% PDL were effective for luciferase gene transfection of HEK293 cells.
On the use of packet scheduling in self-optimization processes: Application to coverage-capacity optimization (2010)

Network Capacity and Asymptotic Properties
Development of a real-time PCR method for the potato-cyst nematode<i>Globodera rostochiensis</i>and the root-knot nematode<i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> (2008)

Abstract The primers PCN280f and NEPCN398r were designed for the quantitative detection of the potato-cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One, five, 50, 125 and 250 individuals of the second-stage juveniles (J2) of G. rostochiensis were mixed with various stages of vermiform Caenorhabditis elegans to make a total of 500 individuals and DNA was extracted from the nematode mixture. There was a significant correlation (r 2 = 0.9355, P < 0.001) between the threshold cycle values and the number of G. rostochiensis added. When nematodes were extracted from soils artificially infested with G. rostochiensis to various degrees and real-time PCR was conducted using DNA templates from the nematodes extracted, there was a highly significant correlation in the numbers of G. rostochiensis J2 from the real-time PCR method and morphological identification. Real-time PCR sensitively detected a single G. rostochiensis J2 out of 1,000 individuals of free-living nematodes. Similarly, real-time PCR primers RKNf and RKNr were designed for the detection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. This study demonstrated that the real-time PCR assay for the potato-cyst nematode and the root-knot nematode provides a sensitive and reliable means for the rapid quantification of these vermiform pests.
Metastatic potential of murine fibrosarcoma cells is influenced by cell surface laminin (1984)

In order to examine the role of cell surface laminin in tumor metastasis we have utilized four well-characterized murine fibrosarcoma cell lines. Two of these lines were highly metastatic when injected into syngeneic mice while the remaining two lines were significantly less metastatic. Using indirect immunofluorescence techniques, we detected cell surface laminin on the cell surface of both highly metastatic cell lines but not on the low-metastatic cell lines. Although the low-metastatic cell lines did not possess endogeneous cell surface laminin, they had the ability to specifically bind exogenous laminin to their surface in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, indicating the presence of laminin receptors on these cells. Incubation of the low-metastatic cells with exogenous laminin prior to injection into syngeneic animals significantly increased their metastatic potential. No such increase was observed when the highly metastatic lines were preincubated with exogenous laminin. On the basis of these results, we conclude that in this fibrosarcoma model, metastatic potential is influenced by cell surface laminin and that the presence of unbound laminin receptors on the cell surface is not alone sufficient to promote metastasis of these cells.
Ambipolar Molybdenum Diselenide Field-Effect Transistors: Field-Effect and Hall Mobilities (2014)

We report a room temperature study on the electrical response of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on few-layered MoSe2, grown by a chemical vapor transport technique, mechanically exfoliated onto SiO2. In contrast to previous reports on MoSe2 FETs electrically contacted with Ni, MoSe2 FETs electrically contacted with Ti display ambipolar behavior with current on to off ratios up to 10(6) for both hole and electron channels when applying a small excitation voltage. A rather small hysteresis is observed when sweeping the back-gate voltage between positive and negative values, indicating the near absence of charge "puddles". For both channels the Hall effect indicates Hall mobilities μH ≃ 250 cm(2)/(V s), which are comparable to the corresponding field-effect mobilities, i.e., μFE ∼ 150 to 200 cm(2)/(V s) evaluated through the conventional two-terminal field-effect configuration. Therefore, our results suggest that MoSe2 could be a good candidate for p-n junctions composed of a single atomic layer and for low-power, complementary logic applications.