gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical issues in the heteroepitaxial growth of alkaline-earth oxides on silicon (2002)

The critical aspects of the epitaxial growth of alkaline-earth oxides on silicon are described in detail. The step by step transition from the silicon to the alkaline-earth oxide as shown through reflection high energy electron diffraction is presented, with emphasis placed on the favorable interface stability, oxidation, structural, and strain considerations for each stage of the growth via molecular beam epitaxy.
A fast algorithm for minimizing the Elmore delay to identified critical sinks (1997)

A routing algorithm that generates a Steiner route for a set of sinks with near optimal Elmore delay to the critical sink is presented. The algorithm outperforms the best existing alternative for Elmore-delay-based critical sink routing. With no critical sinks present, the algorithm produces routes comparable to the best previously existing Steiner router. Since performance-oriented layout generators employ iterative techniques that require a large number of calls to the routing algorithm for layout evaluation, a fast algorithm for routing is desirable. The algorithm presented here has a fast (O(n/sup 2/), where n is the number of points) and practical implementation using simple data structures and techniques.
Engineered Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Lymphocytes to Study In Vivo Trafficking and Immunotherapy (2013)

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived natural killer (NK) cells are a promising source of antitumor lymphocytes for immunotherapeutics. They also provide a genetically tractable platform well suited for the study of antitumor immunotherapies in preclinical models. We have previously demonstrated the potency of hESC-derived NK cells in vivo. Here we use both bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging to demonstrate trafficking of hESC-derived NK cells to tumors in vivo. Our dual-imaging approach allowed us to more specifically define the kinetics of NK cell trafficking to tumor sites. NK cell persistence and trafficking were further evaluated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. This integrated approach provides a unique system to apply the use of human pluripotent stem cells to study the kinetics and biodistribution of adoptively transferred lymphocytes, advances broadly applicable to the field of immunotherapy.
Heterogeneous Selective Oxidation of Sulfides with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid-Based Polyoxometalate Salts (2012)

A group of ionic liquid (IL)-based polyoxometalate (POM) salts were prepared via anion-exchange of imidazolium IL precursors tethered by different carbon chain alkyls with various Keggin POMs. The resultant imidazolium POM salts were tested as the catalysts for oxidation of sulfides with aqueous H2O2. For understanding the POM salt-catalyzed oxidation of sulfides, catalyst compositions, substrates, and reaction conditions were changed. The results show that the imidazolium POM salts are very active and selective heterogeneous catalysts for oxidations of sulfides, adding the advantages of convenient recovery, steady reuse, simple preparation, and flexible composition. Characterizations by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis further reveal that the heterogeneous nature of the oxidation processes associates with the good crystallinities of the butyl- and hexyl-functionalized imidazolium POM salts and the hydrogen bonding networks among cations and anions. The POM salts’ excellent performances arise from the promoted redox property of the POM-anions by the intramolecular charge transfer from the IL-cations.
A two‐site enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for cytokeratin 8 (1990)

Abstract A monoclonal enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the determination in biological fluids of cytokeratin 8, a potential marker for malignant diseases. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), TS 3 and TS 4, with different epitope specificity, were selected from 4 cytokeratin‐8 reactive antibodies. TS 3 was used for coating and TS 4 as HRP‐conjugate, respectively. Antibodies were selected with the aim of optimizing the discriminatory capacity between cytokeratin 8 levels in sera from healthy persons and from patients with malignant diseases. In sera from healthy individuals the mean value was determined to be 3.1 ± 2.3 ng/ml with an upper cut‐off level of 7.8 ng/ml (+ 2 SD) using purified cytokeratin 8 as standard. Sera from patients with colon cancer and pancreatic cancer were found to have significantly elevated levels, showing a 4‐ to more than 10‐fold increase compared with the normal level. In patients with ovarian cancer no significant elevation was seen. Cytokeratin 8 monitoring may be of value for patients with colon and pancreatic cancer.
c-Jun mediates axotomy-induced dopamine neuron death <i>in vivo</i> (2001)

Expression of the transcription factor c-Jun is induced in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) in response to injury. Mechanical transection of the nigrostriatal pathway at the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) results in the delayed retrograde degeneration of the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and induces protracted expression and phosphorylation of c-Jun. However, the role of c-Jun after axotomy of CNS neurons is unclear. Here, we show that adenovirus-mediated expression of a dominant negative form of c-Jun (Ad.c-JunDN) inhibited axotomy-induced dopamine neuron death and attenuated phosphorylation of c-Jun in nigral neurons. Ad.c-JunDN also delayed the degeneration of dopaminergic nigral axons in the striatum after MFB axotomy. Taken together, these findings suggest that activation of c-Jun mediates the loss of dopamine neurons after axotomy injury.
Dynamic Language Model Adaptation Using Latent Topical Information and Automatic Transcripts (2005)

This paper considers dynamic language model adaptation for Mandarin broadcast news recognition. Both contemporary newswire texts and in-domain automatic transcripts were exploited in language model adaptation. A topical mixture model was presented to dynamically explore the long-span latent topical information for language model adaptation. The underlying characteristics and different kinds of model structures were extensively investigated, while their performance was analyzed and verified by comparison with the conventional MAP-based adaptation approaches, which are devoted to extracting the short-span n-gram information. The fusion of global topical and local contextual information was investigated as well. The speech recognition experiments were conducted on the broadcast news collected in Taiwan. Very promising results in perplexity as well as character error rate reductions were initially obtained.
Efficacy of EMG-triggered electrical arm stimulation in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients (2009)

The present findings support the notion that intensified EMG-ES may improve the arm function in individual chronic hemiparetic stroke patients but not in more severely impaired individuals. Functional improvements are paralleled by increased ipsilesional SMC activation and enhanced ICF supporting neuroplasticity as contributor to rehabilitation. The clinical score at inception and the presence of MEPs have the best predictive potential.
Sulfonation of Acetone with Fuming Sulfuric Acid and Some Reactions of Propanone-1,3-disulfonic Acid (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfonation of Acetone with Fuming Sulfuric Acid and Some Reactions of Propanone-1,3-disulfonic AcidW. G. GrotCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 2, 515–517Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01013a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01013a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of a high stability cryogenic sapphire dielectric resonator (1993)

The development of a new design of cryogenic sapphire dielectric resonator is reported. The temperature dependence of the resonant frequency and width is discussed. Preliminary results of a prototype oscillator referenced to this resonator are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrolysis of solid solutions of oxygen in metallic zirconium (1940)

Abstract Further particulars are given regarding the solubility of oxygen in zirconium (table I). It is shown that the oxygen atoms are present in the interstices of the zirconium lattice and that at high temperatures they have a great mobility in the lattice. Under the influence of an electric field it is found that under suitable conditions of temperature and potential drop the oxygen moves through the metal lattice as a negative ion, causing the oxygen concentration (and with it the electrical resistance) to increase at the anode end and to decrease at the cathode end (fig. 2).
Decoding commensal-host communication through genetic engineering of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (2019)

SUMMARY Commensal skin bacteria elicit potent, antigen-specific immune responses in the skin without barrier breach or visible inflammation. While microbial modulation of immune homeostasis has profound consequences for epithelial health and inflammatory skin diseases, the mechanisms of microbe-immune crosstalk in the skin are largely unknown. A key barrier to mechanistic work has been genetic intractability of one of the most prevalent skin colonists, Staphylococcus epidermidis ( S. epidermidis ). Here, we develop a novel method to create a library of mutants with defined cell envelope alterations in primary human S. epidermidis isolates. By colonizing mice with these mutants, we uncover bacterial molecules involved in the induction of defined immune signatures. Notably, we show that under conditions of physiologic colonization, S. epidermidis cell envelope glycolipids are sensed by C-type lectin receptors, likely in non-myeloid cells, in conjunction with Toll-like receptors. This combinatorial signaling determines the quality of T cell responses and results in the potential for greater specificity toward commensal microbiota than previously appreciated. Additionally, the microbial molecules required for the colonization-induced immune response are dispensable for T cells responses in a model of S. epidermidis infection, but differentially modulate innate inflammatory responses. Thus, the same microbe uses distinct sets of molecules to signal to the immune system commensal versus pathogenic behavior, and differential sensing of these microbial signals depends on host context.
A comparative study of the cellular, exudative and histological responses to carrageenan, dextran and zymosan in the mouse. (1991)

A murine 6-day air-pouch model of inflammation has been developed and used to compare the patterns of acute and chronic inflammatory response to three irritants, carrageenan, dextran and zymosan, each injected into the cavity of the pre-formed pouch. The inflammation was assessed by measurement of exudate volume and numbers of infiltrating leucocytes over a 30-day time course. Histological changes in the inflamed air-pouch lining tissue were also investigated. The inflammatory response to carrageenan was acute with moderate exudate formation and cell numbers. Dextran produced a mild inflammatory reaction with low cell infiltration into exudate. In contrast, the inflammatory response to zymosan was greater in terms of cell migration, but smaller in terms of exudate volume and occurred later in the time course. Histological changes in the inflamed air-pouch tissue were also markedly different in response to the three irritants. Carrageenan induced a rapid, mainly polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) infiltrate into the tissue and deposition of fibrin on the luminal surface. The response to dextran was characterized by a rapid resolution of the inflammatory response, with fewer leucocytes present in the lining and no fibrin deposition. In contrast, zymosan caused a marked but slower leucocyte influx, with greater numbers of monocytes, and clearance of the zymosan particles from the air-pouch lining by macrophages. This study indicates that by using different irritants to produce inflammation, it may be possible to dissect the roles played by various cells and inflammatory mediators during acute and chronic inflammation.
Effect of neocarzinostatin on DNA synthesis in L1210 cells. (1974)

The mechanism of action of neocarzinostatin has been investigated. The synthesis of DNA in L1210 cells in vivo was selectively inhibited by the drug. DNA synthesis in vitro catalyzed by crude DNA-dependent DNA polymerase of L1210 cells was sensitive to the drug in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibition was reversed by increasing the concentration of DNA. Evidence for a DNA-drug interaction was obtained from the results of the preincubation of DNA with the component in the DNA polymerase reaction and from thermal denaturation studies. The degradation of cellular DNA in vivo by the drug was also suggested by the sedimentation profile in the alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation.
Prevalência das desordens dentárias e periodontais em uma população idosa institucionalizada da cidade de Anápolis/GO (2016)

Pesquisas mostram que em 2025, o Brasil tera a sexta populacao mais idosa do mundo, sendo que mais de um bilhao de pessoas da populacao mundial deterao mais de 60 anos de idade. Com o envelhecimento surgem algumas necessidades especificas e algumas condicoes que debilitam o paciente, e umas delas sao doencas relacionadas a cavidade bucal. Para atender a essa nova demanda, a odontologia investe na, area de - odontogeriatria, que oferece tratamento diferenciado, alertando o cirurgiaodentista quanto a inter-relacao entre saude geral e saude bucal desta populacao em especifico.
Properties of ω conotoxin MVIIC receptors associated with α1A calcium channel subunits in rat brain (1995)

Solubilized 125 I‐ω conotoxin MVIIC receptors from rat cerebellum were immunoprecipitated by antibodies directed against the calcium channel α1A subunit. Anti‐αIA antibodies recognized a 240‐220, 180 and 160 kDa proteins in immunoblots of cerebellar membranes. Disuccinimidyl suberate cross‐linked 125 I‐ω conotoxin MVIIC to an α2δ‐like 200‐180 kDa subunit, which migrated at 150‐140 kDa after disulfide reduction. These observations are consistent with a heteromeric structure in which high affinity ω conotoxin MVIIC binding sites formed by α1A subunits are located in close proximity to peripheral α2 subunits.
Cooking Temperature of Turkey Ham Affects Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum Albumin and Immunoglobulin G as Determined by ELISA (1996)

ABSTRACT Protein indicators were identified and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for verifying endpoint processing temperatures (EPT) of turkey ham. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and turkey serum albumin (TSA) were identified by electrophoresis, Western blotting or enzyme assays as potential markers in turkey ham processed between 66.9 and 73.9°C. TSA and IgG were quantified using indirect competitive ELISAs, and LDH was quantified by a sandwich ELISA. The concentration of all indicators decreased as processing temperatures were increased. At 73.8°C, 9.3 μg TSA and, 0.5 μg LDH or TSA were detected/g meat. At the USDA required EPT of 68.3°C, residual concentrations of 1221 ng IgG/g meat, 330 ng LDH/g meat and 51,852 ng TSA/g meat were detected.
Comparable safety and antiemetic efficacy of a brief (30-second bolus) intravenous granisetron infusion and a standard (15-minute) intravenous ondansetron infusion in breast cancer patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. (1998)

These two intravenous 5-hydroxytryptamine3-receptor antagonist antiemetics were similarly effective in controlling acute nausea and emesis during two cycles of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Granisetron (30 seconds) and the longer infusion of ondansetron (15 minutes) were well tolerated; however, ondansetron was associated with a greater proportion of patients reporting abnormal vision. Granisetron administered as a 30-second bolus infusion allows a considerably shorter waiting time between the end of the antiemetic infusion and the initiation of chemotherapy. This shorter administration time may enhance patient convenience and provider efficiency.
The next generation of the Internet: aspects of the Internet protocol version 6 (1998)

This article presents an overview of several key improvements offered by the Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) over current Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4). The topics covered include IPv6 addressing and routing concepts, changes to the minimum IPv6 packet size, flows, and traffic classes, the neighbor discovery and node auto-configuration mechanisms, and an overview of mobile IPv6 and the network security architecture. Transition mechanisms, such as dual stacks and the 6bone, are also discussed. The 6bone is a virtual network that is used to help test and facilitate the development of IPv6. Key concepts associated with the 6bone, such as setup requirements, IPv6 DNS support, and tunnel mechanics, are also presented.
Characterization Of Isolated Silicon Epitaxy Material (1988)

An advanced technique of Isolated Silicon Epitaxy (ISE) has been used to produce silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material of high quality. AUGER spectroscopy of ISE shows a chemically clean film with no heavy metal contamination. Structural studies by transmission electron microscopy and Nomarski optical microscopy on ISE SOI show only isolated threading dislocations yielding defect densities of (~3 X 105/cm2). Double crystal x-ray diffraction shows a FWHM of 44 arcsec in the isolated Si film. Material quality is discussed in detail.
Palladium-Catalyzed Heteroannulation Leading to Heterocyclic Structures with Two Heteroatoms:  A Highly Convenient and Facile Method for a Totally Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of (<i>Z</i>)-2,3-Dihydro-2-(ylidene)-1,4-benzo- and -naphtho[2,3-<i>b</i>]dioxins (1998)

A facile method for the synthesis of (Z)-2,3-dihydro-2-(ylidene)-1,4-benzo- and naphthodioxins (3) has been developed using palladium−copper catalysis. Aryl halides 2 were found to react with mono-prop-2-ynylated catechol (1a) or 2-hydroxy-3-(prop-2-ynyloxy)naphthalene (1b) in the presence of (PPh3)2PdCl2 (3.5 mol %) and CuI (7 mol %) in triethylamine by stirring at room temperature for 20 h followed by heating at 100 °C for 16 h to give products 3 in good yields. The method is regio- and stereoselective and also amenable to bisheteroannulation. The Z-stereochemistry of products 3 was established firmly from 1H NMR, 3JCH values (between vinylic proton and methylenic carbon of the heterocyclic ring), proton NOE measurements, and finally from X-ray analysis. Based on experimental observations and known palladium chemistry, a mechanism has been proposed to explain the regio- and stereoselective product formation. Some of the products 3 were also converted to 1,4-benzodioxan derivatives 6 using hydrogenation procedure. A uracil derivative of possible biological interest, possessing a 1,4-benzodioxinyl functionality at the C-5 position, has been synthesized.
Evaluation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube characteristics (2011)

The nature of the mixed electronic type metallic (M-) and semiconducting (S-) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesized by current methods has posed a key challenge for the development of high performance SWNT-based electronic devices. The precise measurements of M- to S-SWNT ratio in as-grown or separated samples are of paramount importance for the controlled synthesis, separation and the realization of various applications. The objective of this review is to provide comprehensive overview of the progress achieved so far for measuring the M/S ratio both on individual and collective levels of SWNT states. We begin with a brief introduction of SWNT structures/properties and discussion of the problems and difficulties associated with precise measurement of the M/S ratio, and then introduce the principles for obtaining distinguished signals from M-and S-SWNTs. These techniques are classified into different groups based either on the single/ensemble detection of SWNT samples or on the principles of techniques themselves. We then present the M/S ratio evaluation results of these methods, with emphasis on scanning probe microscopy (SPM)-based detection techniques. Finally, the prospects of precise and large-scale measurement of M/S ratio in achieving controlled synthesis and understanding growth mechanism of SWNTs are discussed.
Second Trimester Abortion Using Prostaglandin E2 Suppositories With or Without Intracervical Laminaria japonica (1998)

In Brief Objective To compare the abortifacient efficacy of vaginal prostaglandin (PG) E2 suppositories with and without pretreatment with intracervical PGE2 gel and Laminaria japonica. Methods One hundred seventy-five women between 16 and 20 weeks' gestation requesting abortion were divided randomly into three groups. Forty-one received PGE2 vaginal suppositories alone to induce abortion, 72 had Laminaria placed 24 hours before vaginal PGE2, and 62 were given intracervical 0.5 mg PGE2 gel plus Laminaria 24 hours before vaginal PGE2. Maternal demographic characteristics, induction to delivery time, number of suppositories required, and complications were analyzed. Results The mean maternal age, gravidity, parity, race, and gestational age were similar among groups. Ninety-five percent of all women delivered within 24 hours. The induction to delivery time was significantly longer in the PGE2-only women (mean ± standard deviation 689 ± 319 minutes) compared with that of those receiving PGE2 plus Laminaria (487 ± 321 minutes) and PGE2 plus Laminaria plus gel (547 ± 374 minutes, P = .01). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of suppositories needed to complete the abortion process. The PGE2-only group required more suppositories (median three, range 1-8) compared with PGE2 plus Laminaria (median 3, range 1-3) and PGE2 plus Laminaria plus gel (median 2.5, range 1-9; P = .001). Patients in the PGE2 plus Laminaria plus gel group reported more pain associated with placement (median pain score 4, range 0-10) compared with PGE2 plus Laminaria (median 2, range 0-9; P = .003). There was a lower incidence of febrile episodes in the PGE2-only group (29%) compared with PGE2 plus Laminaria (68%) and PGE2 plus Laminaria plus gel (54%, P = .002). Conclusion Placement of Laminaria japonica 24 hours before PGE2 vaginal suppository-induced abortion resulted in a significantly shorter induction-to-delivery time, and pretreatment with Laminaria japonica decreased the number of suppositories required to complete abortion. Pretreatment with intracervical PGE2 gel increased pain associated with Laminaria placement and did not improve the efficacy of the procedure. Pretreatment with Laminaria japonica improves the induction to delivery time in patients undergoing second trimester abortions with prostaglandin E2.