gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some thoughts on automatic code generation (1996)

article Free Access Share on Some thoughts on automatic code generation Author: Robert L. Glass President of Computing Trends President of Computing TrendsView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information SystemsVolume 27Issue 2Spring 1996 pp 16–18https://doi.org/10.1145/243350.243355Online:01 April 1996Publication History 3citation172DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads172Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Improved Emissions Speciation Methodology for Phase II of the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program - Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Analytical procedures for the speciation of hydrocarbons and oxygenates (ethers, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols) in vehicle evaporative and tailpipe exhaust emissions have been improved for Phase II studies of the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (AQIRP). One gas chromatograph (GC) was used for measurement of C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> species and a second GC for C<sub>4</sub>-C<sub>12</sub> species. Detection limits for this technique are 0.005 ppm C or 0.1 mg/mile exhaust emission level at a chromatographic signal-to-noise ratio of 3/1, a ten-fold improvement over the Phase I technique. The Phase I library was modified to include additional species for a total of 154 species. A 23-component gas standard was used to establish a calibration scale for automated computer identification of species. This method identifies 95±3% of the total hydrocarbon mass measured by GC for a typical exhaust sample. Solid adsorbent cartridges or impingers were used to collect aldehydes and ketones. The HPLC procedure for the analysis of thirteen aldehydes and ketones has been modified to reduce analysis time by 50% and to allow a one-point calibration. The GC method for the analysis of alcohols has been modified to permit the analysis of both methanol and ethanol using a single procedure. Finally, the performance of the new procedures during hase II of Auto/Oil AQIRP will be described.</div>
FLP-mediated intermolecular recombination in the cytoplasm of Drosophila embryos. (1992)

We show that when a heat-shock-driven gene that encodes the yeast FLP recombinase is injected into preblastoderm Drosophila embryos, it promotes intermolecular recombination between two coinjected plasmids that bear the specific recombination target sequence, FRT. Minimal, 34-bp FRT sites in the two plasmids are sufficient for their cointegration. The reaction is efficient enough to produce detectable recombinants when one of the plasmids is present in as little as 1000 molecules per embryo. This is comparable to the concentration of unique chromosomal sites, raising the possibility that integration of injected plasmid DNA into FRT-bearing fly chromosomes may also be achievable. Since integrants might be stabilized against the reverse excision reaction if the recombinase could be provided in a sharp pulse, it is encouraging that efficient plasmid cointegration is also achieved when in vitro synthesized FLP RNA rather than DNA is injected into the embryos.
Fabry disease: clinical spectrum and evidence-based enzyme replacement therapy. (2006)

The clinical spectrum of Fabry disease, an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A) deficiency, has been expanded beyond the classic phenotype to include the recently recognized later-onset "cardiac" and "renal" variants. The clinical manifestations in each of these disease subtypes are presented with particular emphasis on early recognition among pediatric patients as well as identification of unrecognized patients diagnosed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or in renal dialysis clinics. Previously, treatment of patients with Fabry disease was limited to palliative care of the excruciating pain, cardiac and cerebrovascular manifestations, and renal failure. Recently, Fabry-specific enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant alpha-Gal A (Fabrazyme) has proven safe and effective. The preclinical, Phase 1/2 and multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 3 and 4 trials provided the evidence for the safety and efficacy of Fabrazyme treatment. The preclinical and Phase 1/2 studies demonstrated that enzyme delivery to various tissues and GL-3 clearance were dose-dependent. The Phase 3 clinical trial and 3-year extension study provided long-term data documenting the safety and effectiveness of 1 mg/kg of Fabrazyme for this disease. Finally, the "top-line" data from the Phase 4 trial indicates that in patients with mildly to moderately advanced renal disease, Fabrazyme can slow the progression of renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular events taken together or individually. The Phase 4 trial results also emphasize the importance of early treatment. In sum, these clinical trials provide the evidence-based safety and efficacy of Fabrazyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease.
Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic copolyester elastomers modified with fumaric moieties (2001)

A series of poly(ether-ester)s derived from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), dimethyl fumarate (DMF), 1,4-butandiol (BD) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO,Mn = 1000 g/mol) was synthesized in a two stage process involving transesterification and polycondensation in the melt. The mole ratio of the starting components was selected to result in copolymers with a constant hard:soft segment wieght ratio (56:44). The amount of DMF was 10 mol %, referred to the total amount of the esters used. The synthesis was optimized in terms of both the concentration of catalyst, tetra-n-butyl-titanate, Ti(OBu)4 and thermal stabilizerN,N?-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, DPPD, as well as the temperature. The composition and structure of the synthesized poly(ether-ester)s were characterized by 1H-NMR. The number average molecular weights of the polymers calculated from the 1H-NMR spectra were compared with the corresponding values of the inherent viscosity (inh) inm-cresol and the complex dynamic viscosity (
Unconventional Patterning with A Modulus-Tunable Mold:  From Imprinting to Microcontact Printing (2004)

Modulus-tunable ultraviolet (UV) curing molds allow not only physical patterning of imprinting but also chemical patterning of microcontact printing. The mechanical properties of the mold can be tailored by the chain length of an acrylate modulator in the cross-linking reaction. This tunability can be utilized to obtain a proper balance that is needed for a given patterning technique between the rigidity requirement (tensile modulus = 320 MPa) of a mold for patterning a fine structure and the flexibility requirement (tensile modulus = 19.8 MPa) for a conformal contact. Successful low-pressure imprinting of sub-100-nm patterns and microcontact printing of submicrometer patterns verify the suitability of the mold for a wide spectrum of patterning techniques.
The failure rates of overhead distribution system components (2002)

A study of 85 rural and 95 urban overhead distribution feeders from the Pacific Gas and Electric system was made to develop generic service time failure rates for seven overhead (OH) component types-transformers, switches, fuses, capacitors, reclosers, voltage regulators, and conductors-for both rural and urban installations. These failure rates are in reality best estimates of the actual failure rates of the components. A range of deviations about these best estimates can be assessed at various confidence levels. Only transformers were found to exhibit a significant difference in failure rate between rural and urban installations. The component failures contributed about 15% of the total number of sustained outages for the OH feeders of this study. The remaining 85% of the sustained outages were due to external factors (75%) and loss of supply (10%). This suggests that an overhead distribution system is relatively insensitive to component failures, at the existing component failure rate levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preclinical safety evaluation of human gene therapy products (1999)

Human gene therapy products include naked DNA and viral as well as non-viral vectors containing nucleic acids. There is limited experience on the preclinical toxicity studies necessary for the safety evaluation of these products, which have been outlined in several recently released guidelines. Requirements for the preclinical safety evaluation of human gene therapy products are both specific and non-specific. All key preclinical studies should be performed in compliance with Good Laboratory Practices. Non-specific requirements are in fact common to all pharmaceutical products. Critical specific issues to be addressed are: the safety evaluation of the vector and the toxicity of the expressed protein(s), which are the two components of gene therapy products, the quality of the test article, the selection of animal species, and the verification that the administration method successfully transports the gene of interest, with the vector, to the target site(s). The treatment schedule should mimic the intended human therapeutic design. The host's immune response against the gene therapy product has to be evaluated to detect possible adverse effects and immune neutralization by antibodies. The biodistribution of the gene of interest is also essential and can be evaluated by molecular biology techniques, such as PCR. Specific confinement is required for the safe manipulation of viral vectors.
17beta-Estradiol promotes the up-regulation of SR-BII in HepG2 cells and in rat livers. (2001)

The scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) binds to HDL and mediates the selective uptake of cholesterol esters from HDL to cells. SR-BII is an alternatively spliced product of the SR-BI gene that only differs in the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Previous studies with male mice demonstrated that SR-BII comprises about 12% of the total SR-BI/SR-BII present in liver. In the current studies we used a liver cell line, HepG2, and a rat estrogen replacement model to examine the effects of estrogen on the expression of SR-BII. HepG2 cells express SR-BI but not SR-BII. SR-BI/SR-BII - blocking antibodies demonstrated that HepG2 cells selectively internalize cholesterol esters in a SR-BI - dependent manner. Incubation of HepG2 cells with 10 pM of 17beta-estradiol for 12 h eliminated the expression of SR-BI and promoted the up-regulation of SR-BII. Radiolabeled HDL-binding studies demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol increased the number of HDL binding sites by 3-fold in HepG2 cells. However, 17beta-estradiol - treated cell internalized approximately 25% less cholesterol ester than vehicle-only-treated cells. The livers obtained from male rats and ovariectomized female rats contained SR-BI and a small amount of SR-BII. In contrast, the livers obtained from intact female rats and ovariectomized female rats receiving estrogen replacement contained SR-BII and a small amount of SR-BI. The amount of SR-BI and SR-BII in adrenal tissue was not affected by any of the experimental treatments. We conclude that estrogen up-regulates SR-BII in HepG2 cells and rat liver.
The role of ACTIVEX and COM in ATE (1999)

The Component Object Model (COM) is an object-oriented standard for reusable binary components. COM reusability is based not only on component reuse, but on interface reuse. Client programs access COM objects only through defined interfaces, which may be reused from object to object. Interfaces hide implementation details (encapsulation). Interface reuse and inheritance provide runtime polymorphism. Interfaces can be precisely described with type libraries to development environments, and can be accessed remotely with little additional effort. COM technology has incredible potential for ATE. This paper focuses on ways that COM will be used to transform instrument driver technology, and on the resulting benefits for test systems in general. Runtime polymorphism supports syntactical interchangeability. The SCPI Consortium and the IVI Foundation are currently pursuing technologies that promise to deliver this level of interchangeability to the ATE market. COM will also provide natural solutions for driver deployment/integration, remote access, and a variety of other benefits as well. Ultimately COM will be used "in the box" to combine the functionality of driver and firmware.
Joint source-channel turbo decoding of VLC-coded Markov sources (2002)

We analyse the dependencies between the variables involved in the source and channel coding chain. This chain is composed of (1) a Markov source of symbols, followed by (2) a variable length source coder, and (3) a channel coder. The output process is analysed in the framework of Bayesian networks, which provide both an intuitive representation of the structure of dependencies, and a way of deriving joint (soft) decoding algorithms. Joint decoding relying on the hidden Markov model (HMM) of the global coding chain is intractable, except in trivial cases, due to the high dimensionality of the state space. We advocate instead an iterative procedure inspired from serial turbo codes, in which the three models of the coding chain are used alternately. This idea of using separately each factor of a big product model inside an iterative procedure usually requires the presence of an interleaver between successive components. We show that only one interleaver is necessary here, placed between the source coder and the channel coder. As a sub-product, we also derive a soft VLC decoder with good (and adjustable) synchronization properties.
A Wide-Band, Active Antenna System for Long Wavelength Radio Astronomy (2012)

We describe an "active" antenna system for HF/VHF (long wavelength) radio astronomy that has been successfully deployed 256-fold as the first station (LWA1) of the planned Long Wavelength Array. The antenna system, consisting of crossed dipoles, an active balun/preamp, a support structure, and a ground screen has been shown to successfully operate over at least the band from 20 MHz (15 m wavelength) to 80 MHz (3.75 m wave- length) with a noise figure that is at least 6 dB better than the Galactic background emission-noise temperature over that band. Thus, we met the goal to design and construct a compact, inexpensive, rugged, and easily assembled antenna system that can be deployed many-fold to form numerous large individual "stations" for the purpose of building a large, long wavelength synthesis array telescope for radio astronomical and ionospheric observations.
The next big one: Detecting earthquakes and other rare events from community-based sensors (2011)

Can cell phones be used to detect earthquakes? The Community Seismic Network (CSN) is building a dense sensor network from inexpensive and community owned sensors, such as cell phones and USB accelerometers. Detecting rare events such as earthquakes is a difficult sensing problem, and is compounded by the wide variations among sensors in a heterogeneous community network. We demonstrate an end-to-end system using Android cell phones and a cloud fusion center that allows participants to create “mock earthquakes”. Upon detecting such an event, the cloud fusion center issues real-time alerts to the phones. A map-based interface to the fusion center is projected nearby, displaying the information reported by the phones.
Using Classic and Quantum Parameters to Determine Monoterpenoids' Insecticidal Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (2001)

Monoterpenoids are naturally occurring plant compounds that have been shown to have toxicity to insects. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR)s were developed for monoterpenoids and their derivatives. Monoterpenoid phenols and alcohols (thymol, carvacrol, carveol, and geraniol) and their ester derivatives were examined to determine the structural features of the molecules that are essential for their toxicity to house flies. Using a variety of classical and quantum parameters, we found that electronic properties within each monoterpenoid group showed a high correlation with house fly toxicity.
Helicity Inversion in Responsive Foldamers Induced by Achiral Halide ion Guests (2008)

A surprising about-face: Click chemistry was used for the efficient synthesis of a new class of foldamers, referred to as clickamers, that display unusual folding and recognition properties. In the presence of halide ions—achiral species—they undergo an unprecedented helix inversion. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z800796_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>deficiency causes a phenotype of aspirin sensitivity that depends on platelets and cysteinyl leukotrienes (2013)

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by asthma, tissue eosinophilia, overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), and respiratory reactions to nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Ex vivo studies suggest that functional abnormalities of the COX-2/microsomal prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthase-1 system may underlie AERD. We demonstrate that microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 null mice develop a remarkably AERD-like phenotype in a model of eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation. Lysine aspirin (Lys-ASA)-challenged PGE2 synthase-1 null mice exhibit sustained increases in airway resistance, along with lung mast cell (MC) activation and cysLT overproduction. A stable PGE2 analog and a selective E prostanoid (EP)2 receptor agonist blocked the responses to Lys-ASA by ∼90%; EP3 and EP4 agonists were also active. The increases in airway resistance and MC products were blocked by antagonists of the type 1 cysLT receptor or 5-lipoxygenase, implying that bronchoconstriction and MC activation were both cysLT dependent. Lys-ASA-induced cysLT generation and MC activation depended on platelet-adherent granulocytes and T-prostanoid (TP) receptors. Thus, lesions that impair the inducible generation of PGE2 remove control of platelet/granulocyte interactions and TP-receptor-dependent cysLT production, permitting MC activation in response to COX-1 inhibition. The findings suggest applications of antiplatelet drugs or TP receptor antagonists for the treatment of AERD.
Optical time-division multiplexer utilizing a modulation signal supplied to optical modulators as a reference (1996)

We propose and demonstrate an optical time-division multiplexer which multiplexes optical pulse trains coming from different sources and which varies their time position, it controls the time position of each pulse train on the basis of a modulation signal supplied to optical modulators and outputs a multiplexed pulse train in a synchronized state. Experiments demonstrate that the pull-in time was less than 10 s and that a time-varying pulse train passing through an 80-km-long fiber can be controlled to a desired position within 200 ps/spl times/0.47%.
Neighbouring group participation (1964)

B. Capon, Q. Rev. Chem. Soc., 1964, 18, 45 DOI: 10.1039/QR9641800045
Pleiotropic Effects of Drugs Inhibiting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (2009)

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade is a key component in the modern management of cardiovascular diseases. Agents that interfere with the different components of this system such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, sartans and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists represent valuable therapeutic tools to reduce cardiovascular risk in brachial blood pressure independent mechanisms. Indeed, antagonists of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system reduce inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular remodeling in hypertension beyond blood pressure reduction and have demonstrated better cardiovascular protection compared with some of the other antihypertensive agents, especially in selected populations such as patients with diabetes and renal failure. These advantages were confirmed recently in several large-scale randomized trials. Latest evidence suggests that the effect of some antihypertensive drugs on central blood pressure is greater when compared with the effect on peripheral pressure. Nowadays, there is growing agreement that relatively greater influence of agents blocking renin-angiotensin system on central blood pressure may at least partly explain their advantages over other antihypertensives in many clinical situations. Clinical consequences of overestimation of the antihypertensive effect of some drug classes and underestimation blood pressure changes in patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors when analyzing brachial instead of central blood pressure is being increasingly recognized recently.
Virucidal Activity of Alcohols (1981)

Inactivation of NDV and Vaccinia virus by isopropanol (IP) in organic materials was investigated.Virucidal activity of IP on viruses was inhibited markedly by organic materials which denoted different extent of inhibition by the sort and the state of them.In a liquid phase, such as in urine or defibrinated blood, the inhibitory effect of the organic materials increased more and more, as the concentration of IP became lower, just as like in the case of disinfection by ethanol.In a rabbit blood clot, however, 50-80% IP was found to be the most effective against NDV.Viruses in dry smear of calfserum were inactivated by relatively lower concentration of IP, more effectively than by the higher one. NDV and Vaccinia virus were inactivated by IP at 40% and 30-60% respectively in one minute, whereas 90% IP didn't inactivate both viruses in 10 minutes.
Beneficial effects of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor on small‐diameter heparin immobilized decellularized vascular graft (2010)

Autologous recellularization of decellularized scaffolds is a promising challenge in the field of tissue-engineered vascular graft and could be boosted by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment on this process. Heparin immobilized decellularized grafts were fabricated and implanted into 48 rats, of which 25 rats received G-CSF (50 ug/kg/day) for 14 days after operation (G-CSF group) and other 23 received saline serving as control. Five animals of each group were euthanized at 2 weeks for analysis of early graft endothelialization; whereas the rest were investigated by Doppler ultrasound to monitor the graft patency rate up to 6 months. After 14 days of G-CSF administration, the number of CD(34) (+)/CD(133) (+) progenitor cells was increased by 16.2 folds, and endothelial cell-specific immunostaining revealed an enhancement of early endothelialization in G-CSF group. After 6 months of implantation, the G-CSF treated grafts exhibited a significantly smaller hyperplastic neointima area compared with the controls, not only at midportion (0.38 ± 0.02 vs. 0.47 ± 0.07 mm(2), p < 0.0001), but also at distal anastomosis (0.42 ± 0.04 vs. 0.70 ± 0.13 mm(2), p < 0.0001). Moreover, G-CSF treated grafts had a higher patency rate compared with the control animals (19/20 vs. 12/18, p = 0.005). In conclusion, G-CSF-induced mobilization of circulating EPCs regenerated endothelium and inhibited neointimal hyperplasia of small-diameter heparinized decellularized vascular graft. This cytokine therapy may be a feasible strategy for the improvement of patency rate of the novel allogeneic graft.