gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical and Numerical Modeling of 1-D and 2-D Consolidation (2003)

A mathematical model for a consolidation process of a highlyconcentrated, flocculated suspension is developed.Thesuspension is treated as a mixture of a fluid and solidparticles by an Eulerian two-phase fluid model.W e characterizethe suspension by constitutive relations correlating thestresses, interaction forces, and inter-particle forces toconcentration and velocity gradients.This results in threeempirically determined material functions: a hystereticpermeability, a non-Newtonian viscosity and a non-reversibleparticle interaction pressure.P arameters in the models arefitted to experimental data. A simulation program using finite difference methods both intime and space is applied to one and two dimensional testcases.Numer ical experiments are performed to study the effectof different viscosity and permeability models. The effect ofshear on consolidation rate is studied and it is significantwhen the permeability hysteresis model is employed.
Morphogenesis of Vascular Smooth Muscle in Atherosclerosis and Cell Culture (1980)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Smooth Muscle Cells Morphology and Growth Characteristics Problems With Studies of Diploid Cells—Variability in Response Senescence in Culture Growth Requirements in Culture Platelet Factors and Growth Control Connective Tissue Formation by Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture Endothelium Fibroblasts Summary Appendix Surgical Procedures for Dissection of Thoracic Aorta Preparation of Primary Cultures and Maintenance of Secondary Cultures Preparation of Pooled Monkey Serum for Stock Cultures and Dose‐Response Curves Preparation of Monkey Blood Serum and Monkey Plasma Derived Plasma Serum for Growth Curves Growth Curves
Introgression of Resistance to Shattering in <i>Brassica napus</i> from <i>Brassica juncea</i> through Non‐Homologous Recombination (1988)

Abstract Genetic information conffering non‐ shattering of siliques has been introgressed in rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) following; interspecific hybridization between Brassica juncea and B. napus. A reconstituted B. napus plant with complete non‐dehiscence of its fruits was isolated in the BC‐, generation. This plant had normal meiosis and formed 19 bivalents. Its seed fertility, however, was low (23 percent). It is suggested that the gene(s) for shattering‐resistance were incorporated into a B. oleracea chromosome following allosyndetic; chromosome pairing and. segmental exchange between B. nigra and B. oleracea chromosomes in the initial interspecific AABC hybrid.
Shape-selective transport through rectangle-based molecular materials: Thin-film scanning electrochemical microscopy studies (2002)

Microporous thin films (approximately equal to 50 to 400 nm) composed of discrete, cavity-containing molecular rectangles have been prepared. The films, which contain both amorphous and microcrystalline domains, display shape-selective transport behavior. They are permeable to small molecules and to molecules that are short or narrow in at least one dimension--for example, elongated planar molecules--but are impermeable to molecules lacking a narrow dimension. However, the shape selectivity is based on transport through intramolecular rather than intermolecular cavities. By using redox-active probe molecules, rates of transport through the rectangle-based material have been extracted from electrochemical measurements. Spatially resolved measurements obtained via scanning electrochemical microscopy have permitted transport through individual microcrystals to be evaluated semiquantitatively. The measurements reveal that transport is roughly two orders of magnitude slower than observed with thin microcrystalline films of molecular squares featuring similar-sized cavities. The differences likely reflect the fact that cavities within the square-based materials, but not the rectangle-based material, align to form simple one-dimensional channels.
Aza-Peptide Epoxides: Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni and Pig Kidney Legumains (Asparaginyl Endopeptidases) (2003)

Aza-peptide epoxides are a new class of irreversible cysteine protease inhibitors. Derivatives containing a P1 aza-asparagine residue are specific for Schistosoma mansoni and pig kidney legumains, which are clan CD cysteine proteases. The inhibitors have second-order rate constants of up to 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) with pig kidney legumain and IC50 values as low as 45 nM with S. mansoni legumain. The most potent epoxides contain an ester moiety with S,S stereochemistry attached to the epoxide. Interestingly, amide and amino acid derivatives of the epoxysuccinate moiety were not inhibitors of legumain, while disubstituted amide derivatives are quite potent. The inhibitors have little or no inhibitory activity with other proteases such as caspases, chymotrypsin, papain, cathepsin B, granzyme B, and various aspartyl proteases.
Architectures for Space Astronomical Telescopes Using Fresnel Optics (2006)

This paper introduces architectures for a large aperture telescope for space astronomy using a Fresnel optic as the primary. Systems built around Fresnel optics hold the possibility of drastically reducing mission costs. The use of a Fresnel optic allows a light weight primary lens which results in lighter systems, which in turn can be flown on smaller, less expensive launchers. Costs are also reduced in the manufacture of the primary lens. The performance of the telescope was given and the tolerancing of the system discussed. The key issue of mitigation of the intrinsic chromatic aberration is discussed in detail. It was shown that architectures based on Fresnel optics can be considered viable and should be considered in the technology selection for future missions.
Aluminum mirrors Al_2O_3-protected, with high reflectance at normal but greatly decreased reflectance at higher angles of incidence in the 8–12-μm region (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Thomas Cox and Georg Hass, "Aluminum mirrors Al2O3-protected, with high reflectance at normal but greatly decreased reflectance at higher angles of incidence in the 8–12-μm region," Appl. Opt. 17, 333-334 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
CRITAC—An experimental system for Japanese text proofreading (1988)

This paper describes an experimental expert system for proofreading Japanese text. The system is called CRITAC (CRITiquing using ACcumulated knowledge). It can detect typographical errors, Kana-to-Kanji conversion errors, and stylistic errors in Japanese text. We describe the basic concepts and features of CRITAC, including preprocessing of text, a high-level text model, Prolog-coded heuristic proofreading knowledge, and a user-friendly interface. Although CRITAC has been primarily designed for Japanese text, it appears that most of the concepts and the architecture of CRITAC can be applied to other languages as well.
Ofatumumab: a novel monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (2010)

Ofatumumab, a novel humanized monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of fludarabine and alemtuzumab refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ofatumumab effectively induces complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in vitro, and recent studies demonstrated that ofatumumab also effectively mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that increased exposure to the antibody correlated with improved clinical outcome in CLL. Thus, pharmacogenomics may be important in identifying which patients are more likely to respond to ofatumumab therapy, although such studies have not yet been performed. Patients with the high-affinity FCGR3a 158 V/V polymorphism may be more likely to respond to therapy, if ADCC is the primary in vivo mechanism of action of ofatumumab. Patients with increased expression of the complement defense proteins CD55 and CD59 may be less likely to respond if ofatumumab works in vivo primarily via CDC. Patients with increased metabolism and clearance of ofatumumab may have lower exposure and be less likely to respond clinically. Thus, pharmacogenomics may determine the responsiveness of patients to ofatumumab therapy.
Accumulation of Mn(II) in <i>Deinococcus radiodurans</i> Facilitates Gamma-Radiation Resistance (2004)

Deinococcus radiodurans is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation. How this bacterium can grow under chronic gamma radiation [50 grays (Gy) per hour] or recover from acute doses greater than 10 kGy is unknown. We show that D. radiodurans accumulates very high intracellular manganese and low iron levels compared with radiation-sensitive bacteria and that resistance exhibits a concentration-dependent response to manganous chloride [Mn(II)]. Among the most radiation-resistant bacterial groups reported, Deinococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and cyanobacteria accumulate Mn(II). In contrast, Shewanella oneidensis and Pseudomonas putida have high iron but low intracellular manganese concentrations and are very sensitive. We propose that Mn(II) accumulation facilitates recovery from radiation injury.
Fano-Noise-Limited CCDs (1988)

Recent developments of scientific CCDs have produced sensors that achieve ultra low read noise performance (less than 2 electrons rms) and near perfect charge transfer efficiency (0.9999996) without the addition of a fat-zero. This progress has now made it possible to achieve Fano-noise-limited performance in the soft x-ray where the detector's energy resolution is primarily limited by the statistical variation in the charge generated by the interacting x-ray photon. In this paper, Fano-noise-limited test data is presented for two different CCD types and a CCD derived estimate of the Fano factor is determined. By evaluating ultra low-modulation images (less than 1 electron peak-to-peak) it is shown that the CCD's global CTE is now superior to its read noise floor. To capitalize on this capability CCD manufacturers are now focusing their attention on reducing the noise floor below the 1 electron level thereby matching the sensor's CTE performance. This improvement, if accomplished, will push Fano-noise-limited performance for the CCD into the extreme ultra-violet.
Time-lapse inverse theory with applications (2016)

ABSTRACT Compaction in the reservoir overburden can impact production facilities and lead to a significant risk of well-bore failures. Prevalent practices of time-lapse seismic processing of 4D data above compacting reservoirs rely on picking time displacements and converting them into estimated velocity changes and subsurface deformation. This approach relies on prior data equalization and requires a significant amount of manual interpretation and quality control. We have developed methods for automatic detection of production-induced subsurface velocity changes from seismic data. We have evaluated a time-lapse inversion technique based on a simultaneous regularized full-waveform inversion (FWI) of multiple surveys. In our approach, baseline and monitor surveys are inverted simultaneously with a model-difference regularization penalizing nonphysical differences in the inverted models that are due to survey or computational repeatability issues. The primary focus of our work was the inversion of long-wavelength “blocky” changes in the subsurface model, and this was achieved using a phase-only FWI with a total-variation model-difference regularization. However, we have developed a multiscale extension of our method for recovering long- and short-wavelength production effects. We have developed a theoretical foundation of our method and analyzed its sensitivity to a realistic 1%–2% velocity deformation. The method was applied in a study of overburden dilation above the Gulf of Mexico Genesis field and recovered blocky negative-velocity anomalies above compacting reservoirs.
Origins of the Xylella fastidiosa Prophage-Like Regions and Their Impact in Genome Differentiation (2008)

Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram negative plant pathogen causing many economically important diseases, and analyses of completely sequenced X. fastidiosa genome strains allowed the identification of many prophage-like elements and possibly phage remnants, accounting for up to 15% of the genome composition. To better evaluate the recent evolution of the X. fastidiosa chromosome backbone among distinct pathovars, the number and location of prophage-like regions on two finished genomes (9a5c and Temecula1), and in two candidate molecules (Ann1 and Dixon) were assessed. Based on comparative best bidirectional hit analyses, the majority (51%) of the predicted genes in the X. fastidiosa prophage-like regions are related to structural phage genes belonging to the Siphoviridae family. Electron micrograph reveals the existence of putative viral particles with similar morphology to lambda phages in the bacterial cell in planta. Moreover, analysis of microarray data indicates that 9a5c strain cultivated under stress conditions presents enhanced expression of phage anti-repressor genes, suggesting switches from lysogenic to lytic cycle of phages under stress-induced situations. Furthermore, virulence-associated proteins and toxins are found within these prophage-like elements, thus suggesting an important role in host adaptation. Finally, clustering analyses of phage integrase genes based on multiple alignment patterns reveal they group in five lineages, all possessing a tyrosine recombinase catalytic domain, and phylogenetically close to other integrases found in phages that are genetic mosaics and able to perform generalized and specialized transduction. Integration sites and tRNA association is also evidenced. In summary, we present comparative and experimental evidence supporting the association and contribution of phage activity on the differentiation of Xylella genomes.
Ellagic Acid, an Anticarcinogen in Fruits, Especially in Strawberries: A Review (1991)

The various roles of ellagic acid as an anticarcinogenic plant phenol, including its inhibitory effects on chemically induced cancer, its effect on the body, occurrence in plants and biosynthesis, allelopathic properties, activity in regulation of plant hormones, formation of metal complexes, function as an antioxidant, insect growth and feeding inhibitor, and inheritance are reviewed and discussed in relation to current and future research.
Arg tyrosine kinase expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with vessel invasion. (2003)

Specimens from 79 patients were examined and this demonstrated that the expression of arg kinase showed no statistically significant correlation with the patients' overall survival. However, higher levels of arg kinase immunoreactivity did show a statistically significant association with vessel invasion in gastric cancer tissues examined. This indicates a potential involvement of arg in gastric cancer invasion and progression.
Potential Applications of Zeolite Membranes in Reaction Coupling Separation Processes (2012)

Future production of chemicals (e.g., fine and specialty chemicals) in industry is faced with the challenge of limited material and energy resources. However, process intensification might play a significant role in alleviating this problem. A vision of process intensification through multifunctional reactors has stimulated research on membrane-based reactive separation processes, in which membrane separation and catalytic reaction occur simultaneously in one unit. These processes are rather attractive applications because they are potentially compact, less capital intensive, and have lower processing costs than traditional processes. Therefore this review discusses the progress and potential applications that have occurred in the field of zeolite membrane reactors during the last few years. The aim of this article is to update researchers in the field of process intensification and also provoke their thoughts on further research efforts to explore and exploit the potential applications of zeolite membrane reactors in industry. Further evaluation of this technology for industrial acceptability is essential in this regard. Therefore, studies such as techno-economical feasibility, optimization and scale-up are of the utmost importance.
Functional analysis of T-cell subsets in chronic experimental alcoholism. (1987)

In order to obtain a better understanding of immune system function in chronic alcoholism, we have assessed primary B-cell responses to helper T-cell independent (TI) and dependent (TD) antigens in chronic alcoholic Sprague-Dawley male rats fed totally liquid diet containing ethanol. Pair-fed littermates received the same diet except that carbohydrates isocalorically replaced ethanol, which accounted for 36% of the total calories. The ability of alcoholic animals to mount primary in vivo splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to TI pneumococcal polysaccharide type III (SIII) was elevated throughout 50 days of observation when compared to pair-fed controls; serum antibody responses to SIII paralleled the enhanced PFC responses. Primary in vivo B-cell responses to antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a TD antigen, were initially elevated but were found to be significantly suppressed 30 days after chronic ethanol consumption. The degree of immunosuppression increased with length of chronic ethanol consumption. The elevated primary splenic PFC responses to TI (SIII) may be attributed to loss of T-suppressor cell control, since alcoholic rat spleen cells did not respond to low-dose priming with SIII. We suggest that either loss of function and/or actual depletion of accessory and regulatory cells (T-suppressor and T-helper) may be responsible for irregularities in B-cell function observed during chronic alcoholism. T-cell subset enumeration using fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibodies revealed that a sequential T-helper and T-suppressor loss occurred several days following dysfunction of these T-cell subsets in splenic populations, suggesting that a combination of numerical and dysfunctional changes in lymphocyte subpopulations may be responsible for the immunological alterations observed in chronic alcoholics.
Stereocontrolled total synthesis of dl-gibberellin A15 (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrolled total synthesis of dl-gibberellin A15Wataru Nagata, Toshio Wakabayashi, Masayuki Narisada, Yoshio Hayase, and Susumu KamataCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 22, 5740–5758Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00751a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00751a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Geological Factors Influencing Porosity Estimates From Velocity Logs (1961)

The close relation between acoustic velocity and porosity makes it possible to use velocity logs to determine porosity. However, velocity or its reicprocal--travel time--also depends on other geological factors which, if known, permit more accurate log interpretation. The travel time-porosity relations for sandstones depends on geological factors such as the rock's age, composition, depth, tectonic history (compaction), shaliness, and type of fluid in its pores. Of these parameters, depth and shaliness are the most important. Travel time-porosity relations were computed by statistical methods, which took into consideration the variables mentioned. The resulting equations give more accurate porosity estimates than the time-average equation, which is in widespread use. Velocities of carbonate rocks are much less affected by depth than are those of the sandstones. On the other hand, mineralogical composition is of importance; pure dolomites show higher velocities, i.e., shorter travel times, than limestones of equal porosity. However, if the dolomites are impure, the porosity-travel time relation does not differ appreciably from that for limestone. The velocity log tends to give pessimistic porosity estimates in the case of vuggy carbonates, especially if the vugs are large. Statistical travel time-porosity relations were computed for Paleozoic limestones and dolomites. These equations are closer to the time-averaged model than the sandstone relations are.
Biologically Active Compounds through Catalysis: Efficient Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐(Heteroarylcarbonyl)‐<i>N</i>′‐(arylalkyl)piperazines (2004)

A practical route for the synthesis of new biologically active 5-HT(2 A) receptor antagonists has been developed. In only three catalytic steps, this class of central nervous system (CNS) active compounds can be synthesized efficiently with high diversity. As the initial step, an anti-Markovnikov addition of amines to styrenes provides an easy route to N-(arylalkyl)piperazines, which constitute the core structure of the active molecules. Here, base-catalyzed hydroamination reactions of styrenes with benzylated piperazine proceeded in high yield even at room temperature. After catalytic debenzylation, the free amines were successfully carbonylated with different aromatic and heteroaromatic halides and carbon monoxide to yield the desired compounds in good to excellent yields. The two key reactions, base-catalyzed hydroamination of styrenes and palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of haloarenes/heterocycles, showed tolerance towards various functional groups, thereby demonstrating the potential to synthesize a wide variety of new derivatives of this promising class of pharmaceuticals.