gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suspended Patch Antenna Array With Electromagnetically Coupled Inverted Microstrip Feed (2000)

The paper demonstrates a four-element suspended patch antenna array, with a parasitic patch layer and an electromagnetically coupled inverted microstrip feed, for linear polarization at K-Band frequencies. This antenna has the following advantages over conventional microstrip antennas: First, the inverted microstrip has lower attenuation than conventional microstrip; hence, conductor loss associated with the antenna corporate feed is lower resulting in higher gain and efficiency. Second, conventional proximity coupled patch antennas require a substrate for the feed and a superstrate for the patch. However, the inverted microstrip fed patch antenna makes use of a single substrate, and hence, is lightweight and low cost. Third, electromagnetic coupling results in wider bandwidth. Details regarding the design and fabrication will be presented as well as measured results including return loss, radiation patterns and cross-polarization levels.
A W-Band 65nm CMOS/InP-hybrid radiometer & passive imager (2016)

This paper presents a 90-100 GHz heterodyne radiometer module based on a CMOS receiver system-on-chip (SoC). The SoC contains a frequency synthesizer, downconverter, RF&IF amplification, as well as a wide range of auto-leveling and calibration, and LO stabilization functions. To provide low-noise operation the CMOS SoC is packaged within a waveguide block and mated with an InP MMIC based LNA pre-amplifier. The complete module delivers noise performance below 400°K and is capable of less than 0.5K NEΔT with an integration time of 50 ms. The entire radiometer instrument consumes 257mW of power and weighs only 334 grams.
Calcium content of individual, microscopic, (sub) nanoliter volume Paramecium sp. cells using rhenium-cup in-torch vaporization (ITV) sample introduction and axially viewed ICP-AES (2002)

The Ca content of individual Paramecium species (sp.) cells with an average volume of about 0.1 nL was determined by Re-cup in-torch vaporization (ITV) sample introduction and an axially viewed inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) system. Calcium contamination and, overall, sample preparation of live microscopic biological cells proved to be problematic. These problems were addressed using sub-boiled distilled, de-ionized, water, and by washing and manipulating cells under a microscope. Direct (i.e., minimum sample pre-treatment) Ca analysis of one microscopic cell at-a-time, and overall, an ability to discern small differences in the Ca content of individual cells are key advantages of this approach.
Inhibition of Prostacyclin and Platelet Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub>after Low-Dose Aspirin (1981)

To compare the inhibitory effects of aspirin on prostaglandin synthesized by vessel walls and platelets, we obtained vein segments from five subjects before they were given 150 or 300 mg of aspirin and at various intervals afterward. We then measured prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis with a radioimmunoassay for its stable metabolite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Platelet production of thromboxane A2 was measured with a radioimmunoassay for its stable metabolite, thromboxane B2. Two hours after aspirin had been given, 81 to 100 per cent inhibition of PGI2 synthesis was demonstrated; 86 per cent inhibition was still evident in one subject tested eight hours after administration. Simultaneously, platelet production of thromboxane B2 was completely inhibited for more than 24 hours. We conclude that there is little difference between the initial inhibitory response of platelet cyclooxygenase and that of vessel-wall cyclooxygenase to these doses of aspirin. Our results also indicate that in male subjects the prolonged template bleeding time after aspirin is not the consequence of selective inhibition of platelet production of thromboxane.
Research Progress in Recombinant Human Lysozyme (2003)

Compares with other types of lysozymes, human lysozyme possesses many particular advantages and pharmacological effects, therefore, it will be widely used in clinical medicine field. However, for reasons that the biomaterials from which authentic human lysozyme is fabricated are quite short, the production of recombinant human lysozyme by means of genetically-engineered techniques will become an effective method to solve this problem. Human lysozyme gene was so far made from chemical synthesis pathway, and human lysozyme cDNA from human cell or tissue as well. All these genes were transferred into E.coli, yeast and filamentous fungi respectively, and a maximum human lysozyme expression of 40mg/L was obtained when A.chrysogenum, a kind of filamentous fungi, was used as host. The expression level was quite low while human milk contains 50mg/L～250mg/L. Although human lysozyme was by now impossible to produce on large-scale, it definitely have a prospective future.
2 Introduction to the Symposium on Genetics and Congenital Deformities of the Skeleton (1964)

A Publication of The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons® | CORR® Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research is a leading peer-reviewed orthopaedic journal and a publication of The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. Learn more!
Biological Activity of an Intravenous Preparation of Human Vaccinia Immune Globulin in Mouse Models of Vaccinia Virus Infection (2005)

The biological activity of a new intravenous (i.v.) preparation of human vaccinia immune globulin (VIGIV) was evaluated in two mouse models of vaccinia virus (VV) infection. In a mouse tail lesion model, female CD-1 mice were inoculated i.v. with 7 x 10(4) PFU of VV to produce >10 lesions per tail 8 days later. In a mouse lethality model, female severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were inoculated i.v. with 3 x 10(4) PFU of VV to produce 100% mortality within 45 days. The ability of VIGIV to reduce tail lesion formation in CD-1 mice and mortality in SCID mice was determined by (i) pretreatment of a lethal VV dose with VIGIV prior to i.v. inoculation into SCID mice and (ii) i.v. administration of VIGIV to CD-1 and SCID mice the day before and up to 8 days after VV infection. VIGIV reduced the proportion of CD-1 mice with >10 tail lesions in a dose-related manner when VIGIV was given 1 day before and up to 1 day after VV inoculation. The pretreatment of VV with VIGIV prolonged survival and decreased mortality. VIGIV (100 and 400 mg/kg) prolonged survival when given up to 4 days after VV inoculation, and the 400-mg/kg dose reduced the mortality rate by 80% when given the day before or immediately after VV inoculation. The biological activity of VIGIV was demonstrated in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised murine models. The timing of treatment relative to VV inoculation appeared to be important for the demonstration of VIGIV's biological activity.
Identification of Genes in an Extraintestinal Isolate of <i>Escherichia coli</i> with Increased Expression after Exposure to Human Urine (1999)

The identification of genes with increased expression in vivo may lead to the identification of novel or unrecognized virulence traits and/or recognition of environmental signals involved in modulating gene expression. Our laboratory is studying an extraintestinal isolate of Escherichia coli as a model pathogen. We had previously used human urine ex vivo to identify the unrecognized urovirulence genes guaA and argC and to establish that arginine and guanine (or derivatives) were limiting in this body fluid (T. A. Russo et al., Mol. Microbiol. 22:217-229, 1996). In this study, we have continued with this approach and identified three additional genes that have increased expression in human urine relative to Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. Expression of ure1 (urine-responsive element) is increased a mean of 47.6-fold in urine but completely suppressed by exogenous glucose. This finding suggests that ure1 is regulated by catabolite repression and that limiting glucose in urine is a regulatory signal. ure1 is present in the E. coli K-12 genome, but its function is unknown. Although disruption of ure1 results in diminished growth in human urine, limiting concentrations of amino acids, nucleosides, or iron (Fe), or changes in osmolarity or pH do not affect the expression of ure1. Therefore, Ure1 appears to have a role independent of the synthesis or uptake of these nutrients and does not appear to be involved in osmoprotection. iroN(E. coli) is a novel E. coli gene with 77% DNA homology to a catecholate siderophore receptor gene recently identified in Salmonella. Its expression is increased a mean of 27.2-fold in urine and is repressed by exogenous Fe and a urinary pH of 5.0. This finding supports the contention that Fe is a limiting element in urine and that alteration of pH can affect gene expression. It is linked to the P-pilus (prs) and F1C fimbrial (foc) gene clusters on a pathogenicity island and appears to have been acquired by IS1230-mediated horizontal transmission. The homologous iroN(E. coli) sequence is significantly more prevalent in urinary tract and blood isolates of E. coli compared to fecal isolates. Last, the expression of ArtJ, an arginine periplasmic binding protein, is increased a mean of 16.6-fold in urine. This finding implicates arginine concentrations as limited in urine and, in combination with previous data demonstrating that argC is important for urovirulence, suggests that the ability of E. coli to synthesize or acquire arginine is important for urovirulence. ure1, iroN(E. coli), and artJ all have increased expression in human blood and ascites relative to LB medium as well. The identification of these genes increases our understanding of regulatory signals present in human urine, blood, and ascites. Ure1, IroN(E. coli), and ArtJ also warrant further evaluation as virulence traits both within and outside the urinary tract.
Diterpene production in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2010)

Diterpenes are a structurally diverse class of molecules common in plants, although they are very rarely found in bacteria. We report the identification in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) of three diterpenes proposed to promote phagolysosome maturation arrest. MS analysis reveals that these diterpenes are novel compounds not previously identified in other organisms. The diterpene with highest abundance in Mtb has a mass fragmentation pattern identical to edaxadiene, which is produced in vitro from geranylgeranyl diphosphate by the enzymes Rv3377c and Rv3378c. A second diterpene found in Mtb has a similar mass spectrum, and is always observed in the same proportion relative to edaxadiene, indicating that it is a side product of the Rv3378c reaction in vivo. We name this second diterpene olefin edaxadiene B. The least abundant of the three diterpenes in Mtb extracts is tuberculosinol, a dephosphorylated side-product of the edaxadiene pathway intermediate produced by Rv3377c. A frameshift in Rv3377c in Mtb completely eliminates diterpene production, whereas expression of Rv3377c and Rv3378c in the nonpathogenic M. smegmatis is sufficient to produce edaxadiene and edaxadiene B. These studies define the pathway of edaxadiene and edaxadiene B biosynthesis in vivo. Rv3377c and Rv3378c are unique to Mtb and M. bovis, making them candidates for selective therapeutics and diagnostics.
Purification of the mRNA for chicken very low density lipoproteirt<sub>II</sub>and molecular cloning of its full-length double-stranded cDNA (1979)

The mRNA coding for the small apo-Very Low Density Lipoprotein (apo-VLDLII) from chicken serum was highly enriched by oligo(dT) chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis of estrogenised liver RNA. Double-stranded cDNA was synthesised by the subsequent actions of reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase, and used for a preliminary characterisation of the structural gene. Molecular cloning of dC-tailed ds-cDNA into the Pst I site of plasmid pBR 322 yielded several recombinant clones. Five chimeric DNAs were selected and characterised by restriction enzyme mapping and electron microscopy of R-loops. At least two of them (pVLDLII 3.33 and pVLDLII 4.82) contain an almost full-length ds-transcript of VLDLII mRNA in which no more than 10-20 bases at the 5'- end are missing.
Novel One-pot Sol–Gel Preparation of Amino-functionalized Silica Nanoparticles (2008)

Abstract Amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles smaller than 200 nm in diameter were directly prepared from precursor mixtures of tetraethoxysilane and aminopropyltriethoxysilane in ethanol/water solutions via a novel one-pot sol–gel procedure.
The use of 0.01M phosphate buffered saline as detection buffer for Alere Determine® HIV rapid test in resource limited settings (2017)

Insufficient supply of manufacture’s buffers/diluents in relation to the number of strips per kit has been found to have negative impact on patients’ results. Some laboratories personnel tend to use diluents from other rapid tests manufacturers such as Bioline, Unigold as well as malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT). This study aimed at evaluating the use of 0.01M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as detection buffer for Alere Determine® HIV rapid test. This study was carried out at Bugando School of Medicine in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 300 whole blood specimens; 150 HIV positive specimens from patients attending Care and Treatment Centreand 150 HIV negative specimens were retested for HIV status using Alere Determine® HIV rapid test employing normal Alere buffer and 0.01M PBS as buffer.Of the total specimens tested; 150 (100%) of HIV positive were positive by using both Alere buffer and 0.01M PBS while 150(100%) of HIV negative samples were negative by both Alere Determine® and 0.01M PBS. The agreement between 0.01M PBS and Alere Determine® buffer was 100%. The value of kappa indicates perfect agreement between 0.01M PBS and Alere Determine® buffer (100%). A 0.01M PBS is recommended as alternative detection buffer for Alere Determine® in cases of insufficient supply. Further investigation to evaluate the suitable buffer for other rapid tests for HIV and other diseases is recommended especially in resource limited settings.
Reversal of Synapse Degeneration by Restoring Wnt Signaling in the Adult Hippocampus (2016)

Synapse degeneration occurs early in neurodegenerative diseases and correlates strongly with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The molecular mechanisms that trigger synapse vulnerability and those that promote synapse regeneration after substantial synaptic failure remain poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests a link between a deficiency in Wnt signaling and AD. The secreted Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), which is elevated in AD, contributes to amyloid-β-mediated synaptic failure. However, the impact of Dkk1 at the circuit level and the mechanism by which synapses disassemble have not yet been explored. Using a transgenic mouse model that inducibly expresses Dkk1 in the hippocampus, we demonstrate that Dkk1 triggers synapse loss, impairs long-term potentiation, enhances long-term depression, and induces learning and memory deficits. We decipher the mechanism involved in synapse loss induced by Dkk1 as it can be prevented by combined inhibition of the Gsk3 and RhoA-Rock pathways. Notably, after loss of synaptic connectivity, reactivation of the Wnt pathway by cessation of Dkk1 expression completely restores synapse number, synaptic plasticity, and long-term memory. These findings demonstrate the remarkable capacity of adult neurons to regenerate functional circuits and highlight Wnt signaling as a targetable pathway for neuronal circuit recovery after synapse degeneration.
Study of Discontinuous Atmospheric Pressure Interfaces for Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation Development (2010)

The discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) has allowed the transfer of ions from atmospheric pressure ionization sources to an ion trap mass analyzer in hand-held mass spectrometers with miniature pumping systems at transfer efficiencies high enough for proper chemical analysis. The DAPI potentially would allow a significant enhancement to the mass analysis efficiency of laboratory-scale mass spectrometers, which have pumping systems of much larger capacities. A laboratory-scale mass spectrometer with a DAPI-RIT (rectilinear ion trap)-DAPI configuration has been developed to explore this possibility. The gas dynamic effects on ion trapping and mass analysis have been studied at various conditions. A pulsed nanoelectrospray ionization source synchronized with the DAPI has been implemented to improve the sample usage efficiency as well as to adjust the number of ions to be trapped for MS analysis, so that space charge effects can be avoided. Single-scan spectra of peptides were recorded with an ionization time as short as 1 mus, corresponding to an analyte consumption of several attomoles. The simplicity of application of the DAPI for performing ion/molecule and ion/ion reactions has also been demonstrated with proton transfer and electron transfer dissociation reactions with peptides.
Detached-Eddy Simulation of Three Airfoils with Different Stall Onset Mechanisms (2006)

The detached-eddy-simulation (DES) method is applied to calculate prestall and poststall aerodynamic characteristics of three airfoils that have different flow separation patterns at the stall regime. The DES method combines strong points of two turbulent models that are based on time-averaged and space-filtered Navier-Stokes equations, respectively. Specifically, we employ the Spalart-Allmaras DES approach, which has a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation near wall and reduces to a subgrid turbulence model, if we go away from the wall. The comparison between experimental data and numerical results is presented, which shows that the stall angle and prestall and poststall aerodynamic characteristics can be predicted by the present method accurately for two airfoils: NACA63 1 -012 and NACA63 3 -018. However, a discrepancy between numerical and experimental data is observed for the third airfoil: NACA64 A -006. The reason for this discrepancy and also possible improvements of the numerical model are discussed.
Dielectric and Anelastic Relaxation in Ca‐Doped Cerium Dioxide (1971)

Abstract Measurements of dielectric losses and internal friction in Ca‐doped CeO 2 have been made over the temperature range 253 to 573 °K on specimens with up to 2.5% of the Ce 4+ ions replaced by Ca 2+ ions. The observed internal friction and dielectric loss peaks have relaxation times which are in close accord with the predictions of an eight‐position, nearest‐neighbor model, namely, that the relaxation time for electrically‐active modes is equal to twice that for mechanically‐active modes. These relaxations occur because of the redistribution of oxygen vacancies (bound to substitutional Ca 2+ ions) among eight sites which are initially equivalent, but which become inequivalent in the presence of the external electric or mechanical stress field. From the temperature dependence of the relaxation times and the peak shape, the activation energy required for such oxygen vacancy jumps is calculated to be 0.86 eV, with the pre‐exponential factor estimated to be 2.4 × 10 14 s −1 .
Visual Loss Due to Wernicke Syndrome Following Gastric Bypass (2007)

Wernicke encephalopathy should be considered in patients with vision loss after gastric bypass surgery. The classic triad of confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia may not be present and, although uncommon, the findings of optic disc edema and vision loss should not deter the clinician from making the diagnosis. Replacement thiamine if given promptly may rapidly reverse the findings.
An MHC-I Cytoplasmic Domain/HIV-1 Nef Fusion Protein Binds Directly to the μ Subunit of the AP-1 Endosomal Coat Complex (2009)

These data indicate that the MHC-I cytoplasmic domain, Nef, and the C-terminal two thirds of the mu subunit of AP-1 are sufficient to constitute a biologically relevant interaction. The data also reveal an unexpected role for a hydrophobic pocket in micro1 for interaction with MHC-I CD/Nef.
Long-Range Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging for Bioaffinity Sensors (2005)

A novel bioaffinity sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging measurements of a multiple-layered structure that supports the generation of long-range surface plasmons (LRSPs) at the water-metal interface is reported. LRSPs possess longer surface propagation lengths, higher electric field strengths, and sharper angular resonance curves than conventional surface plasmons. LRSPR imaging is a version of SPR imaging that requires a symmetric dielectric arrangement around the gold thin film. This arrangement is created using an SF10 prism/Cytop/gold/water multilayer film structure where Cytop is an amorphous fluoropolymer with a refractive index very close to that of water. LRSPR imaging experiments are performed at a fixed incident angle and lead to an enhanced response for the detection of surface binding interactions. As an example, the hybridization adsorption of a 16-mer single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) onto a two-component ssDNA array was monitored with LRSPR imaging. The ssDNA array was created using a new fabrication technology appropriate for the LRSPR multilayers.
Structural specificities in acylation of hemoglobin and sickle hemoglobin by diaspirins. (1981)

Double-headed aspirins with bridging groups of different length and molecular structure have been examined for their reactivity with hemoglobin A or S. The compounds constructed are bound in the beta-cleft and show a wide range of beta-beta cross-linking effectiveness. Oxygenation curves of the modified hemoglobins in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate are strikingly modified. Many of the diaspirins also produce substantial changes in the minimum gelling concentration of sickle hemoglobin. These reagents offer possibilities for further enhancement of specificity toward hemoglobin, particularly by taking advantage of stereoselectivities.
Decreased Akt kinase activity and insulin resistance in C57BL/KsJ-Leprdb/db mice (2000)

Recent studies suggest that the serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) is involved in the pathway for insulin-stimulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and glucose uptake. In this study we examined the components of the Akt signaling pathway in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in vivo from C57BL/KsJ-Lepr(db/db) mice (db/db), a model of obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. There were no changes in the protein levels of GLUT4, p85alpha, or Akt in tissues from db/db mice compared with non-diabetic littermate controls (+/+). In response to acute insulin administration, GLUT4 recruitment to the plasma membrane increased twofold in muscle and adipose tissue from +/+ mice, but was significantly reduced by 42-43% (P<0.05) in both tissues from db/db mice. Insulin increased Akt-Ser(473) phosphorylation by two- to fivefold in muscle and adipose tissue from all mice. However, in db/db mice, maximal Akt-Ser(473) phosphorylation was decreased by 32% (P<0.05) and 69% (P<0.05) in muscle and adipose tissue respectively. This decreased phosphorylation in db/db mice corresponded with a significant decrease in maximal Akt kinase activity using a glycogen synthase kinase-3 fusion protein as a substrate (P<0.05). The level of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of p85alpha from phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI 3)-kinase, which is upstream of Akt, was also reduced in muscle and adipose tissue from db/db mice (P<0.05); however, there was no change in extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 or -2 phosphorylation. These data implicate decreased insulin-stimulated Akt kinase activity as an important component underlying impaired GLUT4 translocation and insulin resistance in tissues from db/db mice. However, impaired insulin signal transduction appears to be specific for the PI 3-kinase pathway of insulin signaling, while the MAP kinase pathway remained intact.