gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles for Minimizing Cognitive Assistance Distraction in the Cockpit (2018)

Over the last three years, the MITRE Corporation has been developing a cognitive assistant concept for pilots called Digital Copilot. Digital Copilot reduces pilot workload and increases safety by offloading pilot tasks, increasing task efficiency, and inferring pilot intent to provide the right information at the right time. In this paper, we will introduce the Digital Copilot concept and review three design principals for the cockpit cognitive assistance gleaned from the design process, flight testing, and simulator studies of Digital Copilot with General Aviation pilots.
Drama in translation (2012)

Wendy Michaels' exploration (ISAA Review 10/2) of 'fidelity to original' in the later interpretation of works of fiction, specifically plays, and of the inevitable intrusion of cultural background, reminded me of two startling examples in my own experience. The two plays were Strindberg's Miss Julie and Joe Orton's Loot, both of which I saw produced by the National Theatre at the Old Vic in London in the 1960s and again by the STC in Sydney in the 1980s and last year respectively. These productions, separated in time by only a few decades were, leaving aside the bones of the narrative, almost different plays, and yet, unlike modern 'inventive' productions, there was no indication that this was the directors' or the actors' intention. Cultural context was all.
Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle-Adjuvanted Pasteurella multocida B:2 Vaccine is Potent and Efficacious and is Able with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin as a Marker to Differentiate Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) (2015)

Pasteurella multocida B:2 causes hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in bovines in Asia. For effective implementation of HS control program in India, a safe and efficacious vaccine to provide long lasting protection and allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) has to be developed. The objectives of the present study were to develop HS-DIVA vaccine with a companion immunodiagnostic test using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as a marker, and to improve its potency and efficacy using aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 NPs) as adjuvant in a mouse model. The experimental vaccine was constructed by mixing Al 2 O 3 NPs and KLH with formalin-inactivated P. multocida B:2 P52 strain. Swiss albino mice (n = 8/group) were inoculated twice at three-week interval. Sixteen days later, the mice were challenged with 50 × lethal dose 50 of virulent P. multocida B:2 P52 strain and protection levels were determined for each group. Antibody levels against bacterial antigens and KLH were determined by indirect ELISA. The mice in Al 2 O 3 NPs + KLH + bacterin [HSVac-I] group showed 100% protection. While, Al 2 O 3 NPs + bacterin [HSVac-II], KLH + bacterin [HSVac-III], bacterin [HSVac-IV] and alum-precipitated bacterin [HSVac-V] groups had 87.5, 62.5, 62.5 and 12.5% protection, respectively. Anti-bacterial antibody levels in the HSVac -I, -II and -III groups were significantly higher than those in HSVac-IV (*P < 0.05) and HSVac-V (**P < 0.001) groups on 14, 21, 28 and 35 days post-immunization. Anti-KLH antibodies had high titres in all the KLH-positive groups and persisted as long as antibacterial antibodies. In conclusion, KLH was suitable as a marker for HS-DIVA vaccine and with Al 2 O 3 NPs improved the HS vaccine potency and efficacy. Keywords: Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles, KLH marker antigen, bovine hemorrhagic septicemia, DIVA vaccine, Pasteurella multocida B:2 Cite this Article Ray Susim Mukul, Singh Ajit . Aluminum oxide nanoparticle-adjuvanted Pasteurella Multocida B:2 vaccine is potent and efficacious and is able with keyhole limpet hemocyanin as a marker to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Research and Reviews: Journal of Immunology (RRJoI). 2015; 5(2): 8–16p.
Sialylation and fucosylation of cancer-associated prostate specific antigen. (2012)

The observed decrease in SNA reactivity to metastatic PCa PSA in comparison with PCa PSA from localized prostate cancer may be of interest in the monitoring of response to therapy and scoring of its metastatic potential.
RNA-seq-Based Gene Annotation and Comparative Genomics of Four Fungal Grass Pathogens in the Genus<i>Zymoseptoria</i>Identify Novel Orphan Genes and Species-Specific Invasions of Transposable Elements (2015)

The fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici (synonym Mycosphaerella graminicola) is a prominent pathogen of wheat. The reference genome of the isolate IPO323 is one of the best-assembled eukaryotic genomes and encodes more than 10,000 predicted genes. However, a large proportion of the previously annotated gene models are incomplete, with either no start or no stop codons. The availability of RNA-seq data allows better predictions of gene structure. We here used two different RNA-seq datasets, de novo transcriptome assemblies, homology-based comparisons, and trained ab initio gene callers to generate a new gene annotation of Z. tritici IPO323. The annotation pipeline was also applied to re-sequenced genomes of three closely related species of Z. tritici: Z. pseudotritici, Z. ardabiliae, and Z. brevis. Comparative analyses of the predicted gene models using the four Zymoseptoria species revealed sets of species-specific orphan genes enriched with putative pathogenicity-related genes encoding small secreted proteins that may play essential roles in virulence and host specificity. De novo repeat identification allowed us to show that few families of transposable elements are shared between Zymoseptoria species while we observe many species-specific invasions and expansions. The annotation data presented here provide a high-quality resource for future studies of Z. tritici and its sister species and provide detailed insight into gene and genome evolution of fungal plant pathogens.
P-Selectin Expression on Platelets Determines Size and Stability of Platelet Aggregates (2000)

These results indicate that P-selectin interaction with a ligand, different from PSGL-1 or GP Ib, stabilizes initial GP IIb/IIIa-fibrinogen interactions, allowing the formation of large stable platelet aggregates.
Are we in the middle of a video streaming revolution? (2013)

It has been roughly 20 years since the beginning of video streaming over the Internet. Until very recently, video streaming experiences left much to be desired. Over the last few years, this has significantly improved making monetization of streaming, possible. Recently, there has been an explosion of commercial video delivery services over the Internet, sometimes referred to as over-the-top (OTT) delivery. All these services invariably use streaming technologies. Initially, streaming had all the promise, then for a long time, it was download and play, later progressive download for short content, and now it is streaming again. Did streaming win the download versus streaming contest? Did the best technology win? The improvement in streaming experience has been possible through a variety of new streaming technologies, some proprietary and others extensions to standard protocols. The primary delivery mechanism for entertainment video, both premium content like movies and user generated content (UGC), tends to be HTTP streaming. Is HTTP streaming the panacea for all problems? The goal of this article is to give an industry perspective of what fundamentally changed in video streaming that makes it commercially viable now. This article outlines how a blend of technology choices between download and streaming makes the current wave of ubiquitous streaming possible for entertainment video delivery. After identifying problems that still need to be solved, the article concludes with the lessons learnt from the video streaming evolution.
Calibration of a snapshot phase-resolved polarization-sensitive spectral reflectometer (2013)

This Letter describes a universal calibration theory by which conventional interferometry can be extended to vibration robust snapshot polarization-sensitive spectral reflectometry without any complicated optical components or active devices. Experiments for verifying the proposed calibration theory have been conducted by using a Michelson-interferometer-based normal incidence spectroellipsometric system, and also some key system design considerations for object 3D pose tolerant measurement capability have been drawn. The proposed solution enables us to extract the spectroscopic ellipsometric parameter Δ(k) of an anisotropic object within 10 ms with high accuracy.
Intersymbol interference and probability of error in digital systems (1969)

Intersymbol interference and additive Gaussian noise are two important sources of distortion in digital systems, and a principal goal in the analysis of such systems is the determination of the resulting probability of error. Earlier related work has sought to estimate the error probability either by calculating an approximation based upon a truncated version of the random pulse train or by obtaining an upper bound which results from consideration of the worst case intersymbol interference. In this paper a new upper bound is derived for the probability of error which is computationally simpler than the truncated pulse-train approximation and which never exceeds the worst case bound. Moreover, the new bound is applicable in a number of cases where the worst case bound cannot be used. The bound is readily evaluated and depends upon three parameters: the usual signal-to-noise ratio; the ratio of intersymbol interference power to total distortion power; and the ratio of the maximum intersymbol interference amplitude to its rms value. To illustrate the utility of the bound, it is compared with the earlier methods in three cases which are representative of the most important situations occurring in practice.
[Carnitine metabolism in chronic kidney failure]. (1992)

Carnitine plays an important role in regulating the flow of energetic substrates and their balance through cellular membranes. Usually in chronic renal failure, increased plasma levels of carnitine are found. In early hemodialysis a slow decrease of the muscle concentrations of carnitine is found, followed by a decrease of plasma concentrations long after substitutive treatment. Several signs and symptoms are attributable to carnitine deficiency. It is reported that these changes regress with suitable supply of intravenous carnitine after dialysis end for 15-30 days, and subsequently with chronic administration in the dialysis fluid.
UV induced attachment of ultrathin polymer films on silicon wafers (2003)

We report two approaches to the attachment of ultrathin polymer films on silicon wafers. In the first method, a photoactive crosslinking agent was used to covalently immobilize a "monolayer" of polymer on silicon wafers. The thickness of the film was controlled by the type and the molecular weight of the polymer. The method is versatile due to the general C-H and/or N-H insertion reactions of crosslinker; and therefore, no specific reactive functional groups on the polymers are required. The second method achieved the attachment of polymer thin films on silicon wafers via UV irradiation. The procedure consisted of spin-coating a polymer film onto a silicon wafer and irradiating the film with UV light. Following solvent extraction, a thin film remained. The thickness of the film, from a few to over a hundred nanometers, was controlled by varying solution concentration and the molecular weight of the polymer. The photochemical nature of these methods allowed the patterning of polymer thin films and arrays. These arrays displayed not only spatial features, but also unique surface topographies.
Multiplexed photography : single-exposure capture of multiple camera settings (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Transforming growth factor-beta potently inhibits the viability- promoting activity of stem cell factor and other cytokines and induces apoptosis of primitive murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (1995)

In contrast with the extensively characterized effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors, little is known about the effects of TGF-beta on viability of normal hematopoietic progenitors. In the present report, we demonstrate that TGF-beta potently counteracts hematopoietic growth factor (HGF)-induced survival of individually cultured primitive Lin-Sca-1+ bone marrow progenitors. Specifically, 74% of single Lin-Sca- 1+ cells cultured for 40 hours in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF) survived, whereas only 16% survived in the presence of SCF plus TGF-beta. Similarly, the enhanced survival of primitive hematopoietic progenitors in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, or IL-11 was also potently opposed by TGF-beta. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that neutralization of endogenous TGF-beta present in the cultures enhances survival of Lin- Sca-1+ progenitors in the absence, as well as in the presence, of HGFs such as SCF and IL-6. The reduced HGF-induced survival of primitive hematopoietic progenitors in the presence of TGF-beta was associated with increased apoptosis, as detected by an in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay. After 16 hours of incubation in the absence of HGFs, 61% +/- 6% of the hematopoietic progenitors had DNA strand breaks characteristic of apoptosis. The presence of SCF reduced the frequency of apoptic cells to 27% +/- 5%, whereas 55% +/- 3% of the cells had signs of apoptosis in the presence of SCF plus TGF- beta.
Stress Analysis of Drillstrings (1994)

Abstract Drillstring stress analysis techniques are reviewed with emphasis on the use of torque-drag formulations. Some of the many modifications to torque-drag calculations are reviewed and discussed. The limitations of current results in drillstring dynamics for use in stress analysis calculations are also discussed.
EXTH-50. SPECIFIC KNOCKDOWN OF EGFR AND PLK1 GENE EXPRESSION IN U87 GBM CELLS WITH RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY (RFE) DEVICE (2016)

Every molecule contains a unique electromagnetic radiofrequency energy (RFE) potential. Using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) technology, we have developed a technique to specifically measure the RFE of a given molecule, and then expose living tissues to the specific and precise oscillating magnetic RFE field of that molecule. We discovered that exposure of a molecule’s unique RFE through a transmitting electromagnetic coil device can specifically impact biological systems as if the authentic molecule were present. We have recently acquired the RFE signals of siRNA oligonucleotide molecules. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that disruption of signaling pathway using RFE can significantly inhibit target mRNA and protein expression. EGFR and PLK1 blockade by RFE caused a 30-70% reduction of mRNA expression and ~40% protein expression vs control treated cells. Moreover, using RNA microarray and protein array we validated specificity of cellular EGFR knockdown. Finally, we demonstrated that RFE-mediated knockdown of EGFR and PLK1 was associated with decreased U87 GBM cell proliferation. These are the first results to demonstrate that specific RFE signals can be used to knock down specific cellular genes that can impact key pathways associated with cancer signaling.
Manufacturing of Nanoparticle-Filled PA11 Composite Particles for Selective Laser Sintering (2019)

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) process that yields excellent part qualities with good mechanical properties. The SLS process employs micron-sized polymer particles, which are selectively fused by a laser. While there seem to be hardly any boundaries regarding design, there are quite some restrictions concerning the variety of commercially available SLS materials. With a market share of roughly 90%, polyamide 12 (PA12) is currently the most widely used polymer material for SLS. Concerning particle or fiber enhanced materials, only dry blended, but hardly any composite materials are available. In this contribution, the manufacturing of nanoparticulate alumina-, titania- and silica-filled polyamide 11 (PA11) particles is demonstrated. The particles are manufactured via liquid-liquid phase separation and precipitation (also known as solution-dissolution process) from ethanol dispersions. Bulk polymer material of PA11 is directly converted to composite microparticles in a one-pot approach. The produced particles are characterized regarding their size and morphology. The amount of nanoparticles in the bulk is assessed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the effect of the nanoparticles as nucleating agents is investigated via DSC and correlated with surface energies as determined by inverse gas chromatography (IGC).
WWW performance over GPRS (2003)

We present investigative results of HTTP performance over GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). Following on from an earlier study of GPRS, in which we uncovered a number of performance problems with TCP (e.g. sub-optimal start-up performance, excess queueing, spurious timeouts etc.), we discuss how and to what extent these limitations can impact HTTP. We also examine some other issues specifically linked to HTTP performance over GPRS. Our experimental results show that aggressive behaviour on the part of Web browsers optimized for the wired-Internet does not work well over GPRS. Instead, limiting the number of browser TCP connections, which enables aggressive pipelining of requests, can give significant performance benefits. We show that using a proxy located close to the wired-wireless boundary that implements performance enhancements at both the transport (TCP) and application layer can lead to substantial reduction in Web page download times over GPRS.
Comparative evaluation of soft-switching concepts for bi-directional buck&#x002B;boost dc-dc converters (2010)

Soft-switching techniques are an enabling technology to further reduce the losses and the volume of automotive dc-dc converters, utilized to interconnect the high voltage battery or ultra-capacitor to the dc-link of a Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (HEV) or a Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV). However, as the performance indices of a power electronics converter, such as efficiency and power density, are competing and moreover dependent on the underlying specifications and technology node, a comparison of different converter topologies naturally demands detailed analytical models. Therefore, to investigate the performance of the ARCP, CF-ZVS-M, SAZZ and ZCT-QZVT soft-switching converters, the paper discusses in detail the advantages and drawbacks of each concept, and the impact of the utilized semiconductor technology and silicon area on the converter efficiency. The proposed analytical models that correlate semiconductor, capacitor and inductor losses with the component volume furthermore allow for a comparison of power density and to find the η-ρ-Pareto-Front of the CF-ZVS-M converter.
Self-Supervised Learning of Graph Neural Networks: A Unified Review (2022)

Deep models trained in supervised mode have achieved remarkable success on a variety of tasks. When labeled samples are limited, self-supervised learning (SSL) is emerging as a new paradigm for making use of large amounts of unlabeled samples. SSL has achieved promising performance on natural language and image learning tasks. Recently, there is a trend to extend such success to graph data using graph neural networks (GNNs). In this survey, we provide a unified review of different ways of training GNNs using SSL. Specifically, we categorize SSL methods into contrastive and predictive models. In either category, we provide a unified framework for methods as well as how these methods differ in each component under the framework. Our unified treatment of SSL methods for GNNs sheds light on the similarities and differences of various methods, setting the stage for developing new methods and algorithms. We also summarize different SSL settings and the corresponding datasets used in each setting. To facilitate methodological development and empirical comparison, we develop a standardized testbed for SSL in GNNs, including implementations of common baseline methods, datasets, and evaluation metrics.
A Multi-Zone Model for Prediction of HCCI Combustion and Emissions (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion is a process dominated by chemical kinetics of the fuel-air mixture. The hottest part of the mixture ignites first, and compresses the rest of the charge, which then ignites after a short time lag. Crevices and boundary layers generally remain too cold to react, and result in substantial hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. Turbulence has little effect on HCCI combustion, and may be most important as a factor in determining temperature gradients and boundary layer thickness inside the cylinder.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The importance of thermal gradients inside the cylinder makes it necessary to use an integrated fluid mechanics-chemical kinetics code for accurate predictions of HCCI combustion. However, the use of a fluid mechanics code with detailed chemical kinetics is too computationally intensive for today's computers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a hybrid procedure that uses a fluid mechanics code (KIVA) and a detailed chemical kinetics code (HCT; Hydrodynamics, Chemistry and Transport). First, the fluid mechanics code is run to evaluate the temperature distribution inside the cylinder without combustion, and the information is then fed into the chemical kinetics code. This two-step procedure takes full account of the effects of temperature gradients inside the cylinder, with a much-reduced computational intensity that makes it accessible to current computers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The predictions have been compared to recent experimental results. The computations do an excellent job at predicting maximum pressure, burn duration, indicated efficiency and combustion efficiency. Agreement in HC and CO emissions is not as good, and some possible explanations for the disagreement are discussed. The paper also includes a discussion of the chemical kinetics of HCCI combustion.</div>
Interictal Spikes and Epileptogenesis (2006)

Interictal spikes are widely accepted diagnostically as a sign of epilepsy, but reasons for the presence of interictal activity in the epileptic brain are unknown. Interictal spikes are easily generated in normal brain by pharmacologically reducing inhibition, and experimental studies of acquired epilepsy indicate that spikes precede seizures. These data lead to the hypothesis that interictal spikes are correlated with epilepsy because they play a fundamental role in epileptogenesis following brain injury. Spikes may guide sprouting axons back to their network of origin, increase and sustain the strength of the synapses formed by sprouted axons, and alter the balance of ion channels in the epileptic focus, such that seizures become possible. This hypothesis has implications that are testable: altering spiking or the calcium signals generated by spikes should alter epileptogenesis and spikes should precede seizures in brain-injured human patients.
Improved bacterial recovery by membrane filters in the presence of food debris (1984)

In the absence of food debris, m-FC agar counts of Escherichia coli on Oxoid Nuflow membrane filters (Oxoid Canada Inc., Nepean, Ontario, Canada) were lower than the corresponding surface plate counts. For seven food types tested, recovery of E. coli improved with increasing thickness of food debris on the membrane filter, and mats thicker than 0.5 micron protected the organism completely.