gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoresponsive Amphiphilic Block Copolymer-Stablilized Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and High Catalytic Properties (2018)

A series of novel well-defined 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ)-containing thermoresponsive amphiphilic diblock copolymers {poly(styrene- co-5-(2-methacryloylethyloxy-methyl)-8-quinolinol)- b-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) P(St- co-MQ)- b-PNIPAm (P1,2), P(NIPAm- co-MQ)- b-PSt (P3,4)} and triblock copolymer poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)- b-poly(methyl-methacrylate- co-5-(2-methacryloylethyloxymethyl)-8-quinolinol)- b-polystyrene PNIPAm- b-P(MMA- co-MQ)- b-PSt (P5) were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and their self-assembly behaviors were studied. Block copolymer P1-P5-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au@P1-Au@P5) with a small size and a narrow distribution were obtained through the in situ reduction of gold precursors in an aqueous solution of polymer micelles with HQ as the coordination groups. The resulting Au@P nanohybrids possessed excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of nitrophenols using NaBH<sub>4</sub>. The size, morphology, and surface chemistry of Au NPs could be controlled by adjusting the structure of block polymers with HQ in different block positions, which plays an important role in the catalytic properties. It was found that longer chain lengths of hydrophilic or hydrophobic segments of block copolymers were beneficial to elevating the catalytic activity of Au NPs for the reduction of nitrophenols, and the spherical nanoparticles (Au@P5) stabilized with triblock copolymers exhibit higher catalytic performance. Surprisingly, the gold nanowires (Au@P4) produced with P4 have the highest catalytic activity due to a large abundance of grain boundaries. Excellent thermoresponsive behavior for catalytic reaction makes the as-prepared Au@P hybrids an environmentally responsive nanocatalytic material.
Experimental verification and theory for an eight-element multiple-aperture equal-gain coherent laser receiver for laser communications (1998)

The detection and processing of laser communication signals are affected by the fading induced onto these signals by atmospheric turbulence. One method of reducing this fading is to use an array of detectors in which each of the detector outputs are added together coherently. We present experimental verification and theory of a 1.06 mum eight-element coherent receiver used to mitigate the effects of fading over a 1-km outdoor range. The carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured on a single channel and was then compared with the CNR obtained from the coherent sum of the eight channels. The increase of the mean CNR for the coherent sum as compared with a single aperture was observed proportional to the number of the apertures under different conditions of atmospheric turbulence. The measured mean CNR gain fitted the theoretical prediction well when the laser intensity fluctuations followed the gamma distribution.
Light Extraction Methods in Light-Emitting Diodes (2011)

This paper describes the basics of light extraction in light-emitting diodes covering the ways light is trapped, is lost, and escapes. Additionally, methods to maximize light extraction in various UV-visible emitting semiconductors are shown.
Decoding wikipedia categories for knowledge acquisition (2008)

This paper presents an approach to acquire knowledge from Wikipedia categories and the category network. Many Wikipedia categories have complex names which reflect human classification and organizing instances, and thus encode knowledge about class attributes, taxonomic and other semantic relations. We decode the names and refer back to the network to induce relations between concepts in Wikipedia represented through pages or categories. The category structure allows us to propagate a relation detected between constituents of a category name to numerous concept links. The results of the process are evaluated against ResearchCyc and a subset also by human judges. The results support the idea that Wikipedia category names are a rich source of useful and accurate knowledge.
Evaluation of<i>Nostoc</i>Strain ATCC 53789 as a Potential Source of Natural Pesticides (2004)

The cyanobacterium Nostoc strain ATCC 53789, a known cryptophycin producer, was tested for its potential as a source of natural pesticides. The antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extracts of the cyanobacterium were evaluated. Among the target organisms, nine fungi (Armillaria sp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, Penicillium expansum, Phytophthora cambivora, P. cinnamomi, Rhizoctonia solani, Rosellinia, sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Verticillium albo-atrum) were growth inhibited and one insect (Helicoverpa armigera) was killed by the extract, as well as the two model organisms for nematocidal (Caenorhabditis elegans) and cytotoxic (Artemia salina) activity. No antibacterial activity was detected. The antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum was further studied with both extracts and biomass of the cyanobacterium in a system involving tomato as a host plant. Finally, the herbicidal activity of Nostoc strain ATCC 53789 was evaluated against a grass mixture. To fully exploit the potential of this cyanobacterium in agriculture as a source of pesticides, suitable application methods to overcome its toxicity toward plants and nontarget organisms must be developed.
A Controlled study on ibuprofen pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine Maleate tablets and paracetamol pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate tablets in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection (2009)

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine Maleate tablets for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. METHODS:A multicenter,double-blind,randomizde controlled and positive drug parallel trial was conducted. 226 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A (112 cases) were treated with ibuprofen pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine Maleate tablets and Group B (114 cases)were treated with paracetamol pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate tablets. The method to take the medicine was one tablet three times a day for 3-5d. RESULTS:The total efficacy rate of Group A was 100%,with the total obvious effective rate of 98.21%; while the efficacy rate and the total obvious effective rate of Group B were 99.12% and 97.37% respectively. The results indicate that the difference between the efficacy rates of the 2 groups had no statistical significance (P0.05). The occurrence rate of the adverse reaction in Group A and Group B was 20.18% and 24.79% respectively (P0.05). CONCLUSION:Both ibuprofen pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine Maleate tablets and paracetamol pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate tablets are safe and effective medicine in the treatment of upper respiratory symptoms caused by cold.
Simultaneous Extraction and Quantitation of Carotenoids, Chlorophylls, and Tocopherols in Brassica Vegetables (2012)

Brassica oleracea vegetables, such as broccoli (B. oleracea L. var. italica) and cauliflower (B. oleracea L. var. botrytis), are known to contain bioactive compounds associated with health, including three classes of photosynthetic lipid-soluble compounds: carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols. Carotenoids and chlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments. Tocopherols have vitamin E activity. Due to genetic and environmental variables, the amounts present in vegetables are not constant. To aid breeders in the development of Brassica cultivars with higher provitamin A and vitamin E contents and antioxidant activity, a more efficient method was developed to quantitate carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols in the edible portions of broccoli and cauliflower. The novel UPLC method separated five carotenoids, two chlorophylls, and two tocopherols in a single 30 min run, reducing the run time by half compared to previously published protocols. The objective of the study was to develop a faster, more effective extraction and quantitation methodology to screen large populations of Brassica germplasm, thus aiding breeders in producing superior vegetables with enhanced phytonutrient profiles.
Structured Domain Randomization: Bridging the Reality Gap by Context-Aware Synthetic Data (2019)

We present structured domain randomization (SDR), a variant of domain randomization (DR) that takes into account the structure of the scene in order to add context to the generated data. In contrast to DR, which places objects and distractors randomly according to a uniform probability distribution, SDR places objects and distractors randomly according to probability distributions that arise from the specific problem at hand. In this manner, SDR-generated imagery enables the neural network to take the context around an object into consideration during detection. We demonstrate the power of SDR for the problem of 2D bounding box car detection, achieving competitive results on real data after training only on synthetic data. On the KITTI easy, moderate, and hard tasks, we show that SDR outperforms other approaches to generating synthetic data (VKITTI, Sim 200k, or DR), as well as real data collected in a different domain (BDD100K). Moreover, synthetic SDR data combined with real KITTI data outperforms real KITTI data alone.
Association between mobile phone use and depressed mood in Japanese adolescents: a cross-sectional study (2013)

Increased duration of mobile phone use is associated with unfavorable psychological mood, in particular, a depressed mood. Decreasing mobile phone use may help maintain appropriate mental health in very long-duration users.
Predicting Discharge Dates From the NICU Using Progress Note Data (2015)

Using clinical features from daily progress notes provides an accurate method to predict when patients in the NICU are nearing discharge.
Robotic Trocar Site Small Bowel Evisceration After Gynecologic Cancer Surgery (2008)

Bowel herniation can occur through the fascial defect after placement of an 8-mm robotic port. Continued reporting is needed to accurately gauge the occurrence of this complication.
Intratumoural GM-CSF microspheres and CTLA-4 blockade enhance the antitumour immunity induced by thermal ablation in a subcutaneous murine hepatoma model (2009)

Microwave ablation, followed by intratumoural GM-CSF microspheres, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies results in the local eradication of tumours, rejection of tumours following rechallenge, and cures established distant tumours, suggesting that this is a promising regimen and one that is readily applicable in the clinic.
High risk HPV and p53 protein expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (2000)

Higher expression of p53 protein in early lesions supports the hypothesis of a partially protective role of the wild-type p53 in early stages of cervical lesions.
Arginase inhibition alleviates hypertension in the metabolic syndrome (2013)

Background and purpose: We have previously shown that arginase inhibition alleviates hypertension associated with in a diabetic animal model. Here we investigated the protective effect of arginase inhibition on hypertension in metabolic syndrome. Experimental approach: Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats by administration of fructose (10% in drinking water) for 12 weeks to induce vascular dysfunction. Three arginase inhibitors (citrulline, norvaline and ornithine) were administered daily in the last 6 weeks of study before and tail blood pressure (BP) was recorded in conscious animals. Concentration response curves for phenylephrine (PE), KCl, and acetylcholine (ACh) in addition to ACh-induced NO generation were obtained in thoracic aorta rings. Serum glucose, insulin, uric acid and lipid profile were determined as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arginase activity. Key results: Arginase activity was elevated in metabolic syndrome while significantly inhibited by citrulline, norvaline or ornithine treatment. Metabolic syndrome was associated with elevations in systolic and diastolic BP, while arginase inhibition significantly reduced elevations in diastolic and systolic BP. Metabolic syndrome increased vasoconstriction responses of aorta to PE and KCl and decreased vasorelaxation to ACh, while arginase inhibition completely prevented impaired responses to ACh. In addition, arginase inhibition prevented impaired NO generation and exaggerated ROS formation in metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, arginase inhibition significantly reduced hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia without affecting hyperuricemia or hypercholererlimia associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusions and Implications: arginase inhibition alleviates hypertension in metabolic syndrome directly through endothelial-dependent relaxation/NO signaling protection and indirectly through inhibition of insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia.
Business Service Modeling in Service-Oriented Enterprises (2008)

Nowadays, a general goal of organizations and companies is concentrating their efforts towards turning their business into an on demand business. The purpose of an on demand business is to integrate this business into the information technology (IT) industry in order to make organizations more responsive, faster, and more profitable. The most important thing managers may buy for their organizations is flexibility. Flexibility actually means to fulfill market needs and to gain opportunities before losing them. In order to increase flexibility, businesses first look into their contiguous activities and then determine which of these activities are distinguished and pivotal and which of them can be outsourced. If companies manage to combine and coordinate these activities according to their tendency, then they would have a remarkable superiority in the market. (Arsanjani et al., 2006; Sans et al., 2006) All of the solutions given in the context of service orientation are based on information technology, and these solutions do not meet high level requirements of the business. This paper navigates the viewpoint of service orientation from IT to business. The result of this transfer is a new topic named service oriented enterprises and operation modeling of these organizations.
Temperature dependences of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>radiative and nonradiative transitions in ruby and emerald (1975)

The sequence of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{+3}$ temperature effects in ruby and emerald deduced by Kisliuk and Moore is analyzed quantitatively by the quantum-mechanical single-configurational-coordinate model. The energy parabolas are positioned so that the thermal Franck-Condon weights account both for the positions and shapes of the optical bands and, through the nonradiative rates, for the thermal quenchings of emissions. Parabola phonon energies near 500 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ explain the overall optical-band shapes disregarding fine structure, and larger phonon energies near 800 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ explain the nonradiative rates. Relative to the small-offset parabolas, the large-offset $^{4}T_{2}$ and $^{4}T_{1}$ parabolas have to be downshifted by a few $kT$ units with increasing temperature to take into account effects of lattice thermal expansion. The $^{4}T_{2}$ downshift enhances $^{4}T_{2}$ thermal repopulation from $^{2}E$. In the single-ion model used, quantum losses occur only above 450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K due to thermally activated $^{2}E\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}T_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}A_{2}$ processes, and the $^{4}T_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}A_{2}$ transitions occur at energies closer to the $^{4}T_{2}$ parabola minimum than to the $^{4}T_{2}$, $^{4}A_{2}$ crossover. Forster's sequence of ruby temperature effects and the different quantum efficiencies reported for excitation into $^{2}E$ and $^{4}T_{2}$ are not possible in the model.
<title>Focus and exposure dose determination using stepper alignment</title> (1996)

The standard ASML alignment system in combination with modified marks is used to determine the primary imaging parameters of the stepper: focus and exposure dose. The method uses a standard chromium on glass reticle. The paper discusses system calibration and feedforward process control in production. A lens qualification at the specified resolution and swing curves are shown. The exposure dose measurements are compared with dose to clear measurements. The theory for optimizing the mark layout is presented.
Neurochemical findings in the aging brain. (1980)

We studied the influence of normal aging on 13 glycolytic enzymes, ATPase, carbonic anhydrase, and protein kinase in the human brain cortex and putamen, where there is a significant increase in soluble HK activity with age. This phenomenon is considered to be the result of an increased release of HK from mitochondrial membranes. A significant negative correlation of the activity of F6PK with age is observed in brain cortex and putamen. While the regulation of glycolysis imposes a limit on the formation of ATP with increasing age, no change appears to occur in the enzymatic capacity to break down ATP. Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg++-ATPase do not change with age. Carbonic anhydrase, important in the regulation of the pO2/pCO2 ratio in the brain tissue, demonstrates a significant decline with increasing age. Thus pCO2-dependent regulation of tissue pH, ionic transport processes, and cerebral blood flow regulation have the tendency to become more and more unstable. Protein kinase demonstrates a progressive age-dependent decline in cAMP-dependent activity, which is most significant in brain cortex and thalamus, followed by hippocampus, amygdala, and globus pallidus. The enzyme is of importance for the phosphorylation of the cell membrane and is thus of functional relevance for the nerve cell.
Policy-Based Accounting (2002)

This document describes policy-based accounting which is an approach to provide flexibility to accounting architectures. Accounting policies describe the configuration of an accounting architecture in a standardized way. They are used to instrument the accounting architecture and can be exchanged between Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) entities in order to share configuration information.
Agonists of proteinase-activated receptor-2 modulate human neutrophil cytokine secretion, expression of cell adhesion molecules, and migration within 3-D collagen lattices (2004)

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) belongs to a novel subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors with seven-transmembrane domains. PAR2 can be activated by serine proteases such as trypsin, mast cell tryptase, and allergic or bacterial proteases. This receptor is expressed by various cells and seems to be crucially involved during inflammation and the immune response. As previously reported, human neutrophils express functional PAR2. However, the precise physiological role of PAR2 on human neutrophils and its implication in human diseases remain unclear. We demonstrate that PAR2 agonist-stimulated human neutrophils show significantly enhanced migration in 3-D collagen lattices. PAR2 agonist stimulation also induced down-regulation of L-selectin display and up-regulation of membrane-activated complex-1 very late antigen-4 integrin expression on the neutrophil cell surface. Moreover, PAR2 stimulation results in an increased secretion of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, and IL-6 by human neutrophils. These data indicate that PAR2 plays an important role in human neutrophil activation and may affect key neutrophil functions by regulating cell motility in the extracellular matrix, selectin shedding, and up-regulation of integrin expression and by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Thus, PAR2 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases involving activated neutrophils.
The statistics of stretching and stirring in chaotic flows (1991)

The statistics of stretching and stirring in time-periodic chaotic flows is studied numerically by following the evolution of stretching of O(105) points. The ratio between stretchings accumulated by each point at successive periods is referred to as a multiplier, and the total stretching is the product of multipliers. As expected, the mean stretching of the population increases exponentially whereas the probability density function of multipliers converges—in just two periods or so—to a time-invariant distribution. There is, however, a considerable degree of order in the spatial distribution of stretching in spite of conditions of global chaos. The self-correlation of multipliers shows as well considerable structure and often there are segregated populations of points: the largest population consists of points that experience extensive stretching, efficient stirring, and have a distribution of stretching values that evolves asymptotically—in about ten periods—into a limiting time-invariant scaling distribution. The remaining points experience slow stretching and, although they also exhibit scaling behavior, are effectively segregated from the rest of the system in the time scale of our simulations.
Market dynamics and export of major solanaceous vegetables in India (2015)

The cumulative growth rate of vegetable productivity in India is more than changes in world productivity of 15.1 per cent during 1992-2008. The country has witnessed a cumulative growth of 31.8 per cent of onion production, 22.8 per cent growth of tomato and (-11.3 %) in potato crop during last decade. India contributes about 13 per cent of the total world production of vegetables. Of the total vegetable production in India, potato accounts for 27.6 per cent, onion 10.6 per cent and tomato 8.9 per cent share. The impressive growth rate of vegetable export from India at 9.8 per cent per annum is recorded in last decade. The analysis of quantum share of exports to total production was found to be very low, particularly in potato and tomato crops when compared against onion crop. In global market export of onion stands tall as compared trade share for potato and tomato is negligible. While, in domestic market trade share and consumers preference follows potato, onion and tomato sequence. The very low export performance ratio or RCA and negative value of revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) revealed that both potato and tomato were not export competitive. The high per cent coefficient of variation was used as an index of instability in tomato as well as potato export from India.
Fast and Robust Algorithms Using Coplanar Constraints to Estimate Fundamental Matrices (2006)

Two uncalibrated perspective images of a single rigid object/scene are related by the so-called epipolar geometry, which can be described by a 3x3 fundamental matrix. In the literature, there are lots of techniques for estimating the fundamental matrix. Because of degeneracies, however, the coplanar problem about selecting corresponding point pairs may let the estimation of fundamental matrices lead to wrong results. In this paper, two fast and robust algorithms, such as the plane fitting and homography algorithms are proposed to overcome the coplanar problem. The methods combining bucketing techniques with plane fitting and homography constraints are used to deal with some translational and rotational cases. In this paper, some experimental results are shown. According to our experimental results, the performance of our two proposed methods is better than that of the traditional method. Furthermore, the method using homography is better than that using plane fitting. Finally, we apply our results to 3D reconstruction.
Comparison of the effect of intravenous ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac on platelet function in volunteers (1997)

Ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac caused a reversible platelet dysfunction. Diclofenac had the mildest effect, while platelet dysfunction was still seen 24 h after the beginning of ketorolac.