gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligence for batteries from now to 2000. In-pack charge control leads the way (2002)

Battery technology has evolved in the past five years like no other point in history. New portable applications, and as a result, battery chemistries have emerged at lightning pace. The impact on the battery industry has been overwhelming. Topics such as communications protocols, chemistry independence, and smart batteries are now commonplace despite their relative youth in the battery industry. Electronics is no longer fashionable in the battery industry. In fact, today's demanding portable systems and new technologies have made integrated battery electronics an absolute requirement. To date, electronics makers have driven the architectures of battery electronics, but the increasing demands of battery applications and understanding of electronics options by battery makers will put them in the position to drive electronic product designs. This paper discusses future trends in battery architectures and the electronics options that will be available, with emphasis on the major applications likely to be seen in the near future. Tradeoffs and implications, technical and economic choices are made. Finally, a discussion of decision makers and their objectives throughout the market chain is presented.
Mild and Efficient Hydrolysis of Aromatic Thioacetals/Thioketals using<i>o</i>-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in Presence of β- Cyclodextrin in Water (2003)

An efficient and user-friendly procedure has been developed for the hydrolysis of thioacetals/thioketals to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in impressive yields with o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in water under neutral conditions at room temperature.
Biomimetic Sheath Membrane via Electrospinning for Antiadhesion of Repaired Tendon (2012)

The hierarchical architecture and complex biologic functions of native sheath make its biomimetic substitute a daunting challenge. In this study, a biomimetic bilayer sheath membrane consisting of hyaluronic acid-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) (HA/PCL) fibrous membrane as the inner layer and PCL fibrous membrane as the outer layer was fabricated by a combination of sequential and microgel electrospinning technologies. This material was characterized by mechanical testing and analysis of morphology, surface wettability, and drug release. Results of an in vitro drug release study showed sustained release. The outer layer had fewer cells proliferating on its surface compared to tissue culture plates or the inner layer. In a chicken model, peritendinous adhesions were reduced and tendon gliding were improved by the application of this sheath membrane. Taken together, our results demonstrate that such a biomimetic bilayer sheath can release HA sustainably as well as promoting tendon gliding and preventing adhesion.
Frequency stabilization of a novel 1.5-μm Er-Yb bulk laser to a /sup 39/K sub-Doppler line at 770.1 nm (2001)

The second harmonic output at 770.1 nm of a novel and compact Er-Yb:glass laser was frequency stabilized against the sub-Doppler linewidth of a crossover line in the /sup 39/K 4S/sub 1/2/-4P/sub 1/2/ transition as obtained by saturation spectroscopy. Efficient frequency doubling, with a conversion efficiency of /spl sim/220% W/sup -1/, and with second harmonic power in excess of 15 /spl mu/W, was achieved in a waveguide made in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. As measured through the analysis of the closed-loop error signal, a laser frequency instability of /spl sim/200 Hz was obtained; the Allan standard deviation of the frequency samples was below 4/spl times/10/sup -12/ for integration times /spl tau/ between 100 ms and 100 s, and reached a lowest floor level of 8/spl times/10/sup -13/ for 20 s/spl les//spl tau//spl les/100 s. The measured frequency noise spectral density was in good agreement with the analysis performed in the time domain. Compared to previously published data for stabilized solid-state laser sources in this wavelength region, these results represent a significant improvement in the frequency stability.
Expression of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 β-galactosidase encoded by plasmid pLZ15 in Lactococcus lactis CNRZ 1123 (1994)

Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CNRZ 1123, a Lac- derivative of CNRZ 1122 was transformed by electroporation with the Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 plasmid pLZ15, which bears a beta-galactosidase gene. The transformants expressed a constitutive beta-galactosidase activity at a higher level than in Lact. casei, and in the cell-free extract two additional protein bands were detected by SDS-PAGE which could correspond to lactose metabolism enzymes. Both plasmid and beta-gal activity were stable in Lactococcus after 100 generations in glucose-containing medium.
Decision boundary feature extraction for neural networks (2003)

The authors propose a novel feature extraction method for neural networks. The method is based on the decision boundary feature extraction algorithm. It has been shown that all the necessary features for classification can be extracted from the decision boundary. To apply the method, the authors first define the decision boundary in neural networks. Next, they propose a procedure for extracting all the necessary features for classification from the decision boundary. The proposed algorithm preserves the characteristics of neural networks, which can define an arbitrary decision boundary. Experiments show promising results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Data-driven echo cancellation for a multitone modulation system (1994)

The problem of echo cancellation in a multitone modulation (MTM) scheme is addressed. A general model for the near-end echo is derived and is used to identify candidate data-driven echo canceller (DDEC) structures. The stability, steady state performance, and associated system complexity of an adaptive DDEC based on the stochastic gradient approach is developed. It is further shown how the symmetry in the derived echo path model can be exploited to enable a reduction in canceller complexity, enhancing convergence speed without sacrificing final SNR. Simulation results are provided that confirm the analytical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WiLdnet: design and implementation of high performancewifi based long distance networks (2007)

WiFi-based Long Distance (WiLD) networks with links as long as 50–100 km have the potential to provide connectivity at substantially lower costs than traditional approaches. However, real-world deployments of such networks yield very poor end-to-end performance. First, the current 802.11 MAC protocol has fundamental shortcomings when used over long distances. Second, WiLD networks can exhibit high and variable loss characteristics, thereby severely limiting end-to-end throughput. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of WiLDNet, a system that overcomes these two problems and provides enhanced end-to-end performance in WiLD networks. To address the protocol shortcomings, WiLDNet makes several essential changes to the 802.11 MAC protocol, but continues to exploit standard (low-cost) WiFi network cards. To better handle losses and improve link utilization, WiLDNet uses an adaptive loss-recovery mechanism using FEC and bulk acknowledgments. Based on a real-world deployment, WiLDNet provides a 2–5 fold improvement in TCP/UDP throughput (along with significantly reduced loss rates) in comparison to the best throughput achievable by conventional 802.11. WiLDNet can also be configured to adapt to a range of end-to-end performance requirements (bandwidth, delay, loss). 1
Quantitative evaluation of orientation in cellulose fibres from the X‐ray fibre diagram (1946)

Abstract The theory of fibre diagrams as given by Polanyi and first applied to cellulose fibres by Sisson and Kratky enables one to derive the orientation in a fibre from the intensity distribution in the diatropic interferences. Since these interferences are usually too weak in the X‐ray diagrams of cellulose fibres, we must resort to the paratropic reflexions. The present paper shows how these paratropic reflexions must be evaluated to obtain the orientation factor f r as a rational measure of average orientation. It is shown on experimental grounds that the proximity of the A 4 interference does not invalidate the evaluation of the A 3 sickle. A special procedure must be applied to fibres in which the orientation is not very pronounced, since here the interferences of the (021) planes partly overlap those of the paratropic A 3 planes. It is assumed throughout this article that in all experiments the Bragg angle is negligible. The correction required when dealing with finite Bragg angles is discussed in section 6. The relation between orientation and optical constants is set forth in section 5. Finally, section 8 gives an illustration along with a short summary of the method.
Theory of wavelength tuning in two-segment distributed feedback lasers (1988)

A description is given of a theory of wavelength tuning in two-segment distributed-feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers. Continuous tuning with a range of at least several angstroms (more than 100 GHz) is feasible. For the first time the tuning mechanism of two-segment DFB lasers is explained in terms of the fundamental phase and amplitude reflection properties of the waveguide gratings. The theoretical framework developed provides physical insights into the wavelength tuning mechanism and can be used in the development of novel and more efficient tuning structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Not All Pixels Are Equal: Difficulty-Aware Semantic Segmentation via Deep Layer Cascade (2017)

We propose a novel deep layer cascade (LC) method to improve the accuracy and speed of semantic segmentation. Unlike the conventional model cascade (MC) that is composed of multiple independent models, LC treats a single deep model as a cascade of several sub-models. Earlier sub-models are trained to handle easy and confident regions, and they progressively feed-forward harder regions to the next sub-model for processing. Convolutions are only calculated on these regions to reduce computations. The proposed method possesses several advantages. First, LC classifies most of the easy regions in the shallow stage and makes deeper stage focuses on a few hard regions. Such an adaptive and difficulty-aware learning improves segmentation performance. Second, LC accelerates both training and testing of deep network thanks to early decisions in the shallow stage. Third, in comparison to MC, LC is an end-to-end trainable framework, allowing joint learning of all sub-models. We evaluate our method on PASCAL VOC and Cityscapes datasets, achieving state-of-the-art performance and fast speed.
Suppression research of arrival angle for free space optical communication (2011)

Free space optical communication systems have been used not only in the space communication link but also in the terrestrial long-distance network, because channel transmission medium of communication is atmosphere, atmospheric pressure and temperature vary randomly, which cause fluctuation of arrival angle, APT (Acquisition、 Pointing and Tracking) technology makes the communication terminals aim each other accurately, fine tracking is the core component of APT system. In order to assure success of the communication link, the fine tracking system requires tracking accuracy of sub-micro radian to mitigate the effect of arrival angle for communication beam. In the paper, the construction and working principle of fine tracking system based on FPGA are introduced and analyzed, a novel adaptive fuzzy network algorithm is introduced, the weights of PID parameters can be adjusted on real time. In the terrestrial 16km free space optical data link, efficiency of fiber coupling is enhanced obviously, the tracking precision reaches submicro radian level, the experiment is demonstrated successfully, and the experimental results show the system is robust.
Interactions of double patterning technology with wafer processing, OPC and design flows (2008)

Double patterning technology (DPT) is one of the main options for printing logic devices with half-pitch less than 45nm; and flash and DRAM memory devices with half-pitch less than 40nm. DPT methods decompose the original design intent into two individual masking layers which are each patterned using single exposures and existing 193nm lithography tools. The results of the individual patterning layers combine to re-create the design intent pattern on the wafer. In this paper we study interactions of DPT with lithography, masks synthesis and physical design flows. Double exposure and etch patterning steps create complexity for both process and design flows. DPT decomposition is a critical software step which will be performed in physical design and also in mask synthesis. Decomposition includes cutting (splitting) of original design intent polygons into multiple polygons where required; and coloring of the resulting polygons. We evaluate the ability to meet key physical design goals such as: reduce circuit area; minimize rework; ensure DPT compliance; guarantee patterning robustness on individual layer targets; ensure symmetric wafer results; and create uniform wafer density for the individual patterning layers.
Effects of orally administered undenatured type II collagen against arthritic inflammatory diseases: a mechanistic exploration. (2002)

Arthritis afflicts approximately 43 million Americans or approximately 16.6% of the US population. The two most common and best known types of arthritis are osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A significant amount of scientific research has been done in attempts to explain what initiates forms of arthritis, how it is promoted and perpetuated and how to effectively intervene in the disease process and promote cartilage remodeling. Current pharmacological strategies mainly address immune suppression and antiinflammatory mechanisms and have had limited success. Recent research provides evidence that alterations in the three-dimensional configuration of glycoproteins are responsible for the recognition/response signaling that catalyzes T-cell attack. Oral administration of autoantigens has been shown to suppress a variety of experimentally induced autoimmune pathologies, including antigen-induced RA. The interaction between gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the duodenum and epitopes of orally administered undenatured type II collagen facilitates oral tolerance to the antigen and stems systemic T-cell attack on joint cartilage. Previous studies have shown that small doses of orally administered undenatured type II chicken collagen effectively deactivate killer T-cell attack. A novel glycosylated undenatured type II collagen material (UC-II) was developed to preserve biological activity. The presence of active epitopes in the UC-II collagen is confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and distinguishes this form from hydrolyzed or denatured collagen. Oral intake of small amounts of glycosylated UC-II presents active epitopes, with the correct three-dimensional structures, to Peyer's patches, which influences the signaling required for the development of immune tolerance. UC-II has demonstrated the ability to induce tolerance, effectively reducing joint pain and swelling in RA subjects. A pilot study was conducted for 42 days to evaluate the efficacy of UC-II (10 mg/day) in five female subjects (58-78 years) suffering from significant joint pain. Significant pain reduction including morning stiffness, stiffness following periods of rest, pain that worsens with use of the affected joint and loss of joint range of motion and function was observed. Thus, UC-II may serve as a novel therapeutic tool in joint inflammatory conditions and symptoms of OA and RA.
Optisch-elektronischer Nahtführungssensor zur Schweißnahtverfolgung / Opto-electronical sensor system for seam tracking (1984)

Article Optisch-elektronischer Nahtführungssensor zur Schweißnahtverfolgung / Opto-electronical sensor system for seam tracking was published on August 1, 1984 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 51, issue 7-8).
J B Wilson (2018)

Jack Wilson was born in 1921 in Edinburgh. He went to school at George Watson’s, leaving aged 16, then on to Edinburgh University, where he qualified in 1943. After a six month house appointment at Leith Hospital he was called up for the Royal Navy as a probationary surgeon. He first joined HMS Saladin , a small destroyer that escorted convoys from Milford Haven to Portsmouth. In May 1944 it was involved in Operation Tiger, when an amphibious exercise off Slapton Sands was attacked by German E Boats and hundreds of American troops perished. Jack’s service in the Royal Navy continued in the Bay of Bengal. After the end of the war, he took several jobs as a …
The nature of the antigen-antibody complexes initiating the specific wheal-and-flare reaction in sensitized man (1968)

To study the nature of the antigen-antibody complexes which initiate the specific wheal-and-flare (W & F) reaction in sensitized man, a homologous series of bivalent, oligovalent, and multivalent benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) haptens were quantitatively compared for their effectiveness in eliciting W & F in BPO-sensitized human subjects.A series of seven divalent haptens were capable of eliciting W & F, but these generally were not maximally effective elicitors. Of the divalent haptens, those with separation chains of 8 or 13 A were the most effective. Of the oligovalent haptens, maximal effectiveness was attained with BPO(6)-lysine(7), and not with BPO(2)-lysine(3) or BPO(4)-lysine(4), i.e., haptens which are 6- 3- and 4-valent, respectively, from a chemical point of view. However, evidence was obtained from quantitative precipitation experiments which indicated that BPO(6)-lysine(7) functions as a trivalent hapten immunologically, i.e., capable of binding three antibody molecules per mole hapten. Large molecularsized haptens with immunological valences of 7 or 12, but in which the haptenic groups were widely separated, were comparatively ineffective elicitors of W & F. In individual subjects, threshold W & F reactions were obtained with equimolar concentrations of the differently sized divalent, oligovalent, and multivalent haptens. The results demonstrate that for maximally effective elicitation of W & F by haptens, trivalency with optimal distances of separation of haptenic groups is necessary and sufficient. These results indicate the requirement for the formation of a high energy complex of two or three membrane-fixed skin-sensitizing antibody molecules closely bridged together by the elicitor hapten as the initiator of the W & F reaction.
A Context-aware Reminding System for Daily Activities of Dementia Patients (2007)

Older people with dementia often decline in short-term memory and forget what to do next to complete their activities of daily living (ADLs), such as tea-making and tooth- brushing. Therefore, they need caregivers to remind they what to do to complete these activities. However, the steady growth of aging population makes the (relatively) shortage of traditional care resources more and more serious. In this paper, we propose a prototype called CoReDA (context- aware reminding system for daily activities) to help elderly with dementia complete different ADLs instead of caregivers. By using the wireless sensor node - PAVENET, CoReDA can obtain elderly people's information of tool usage in different ADLs. Based on this information, CoReDA uses TD (X) Q-Learning technique to provide elderly people their personalized guidance to complete ADLs.
The fundamentals of power ultrasound - A review (2024)

The principal method behind applications of power ultrasound is that of acoustic cavitation. This paper aims to provide an overview of bubble behaviour during acoustic cavitation, including phenomena such as transient and stable cavitation, rectified diffusion, coalescence and sonoluminescence. Application of these effects to processes such as nanomaterial synthesis, emulsion formation and waste water treatment is then described.
Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human T cell lymphotropic virusI (HTLVI) p19 internal core protein: cross-reactivity with normal tissues and differential reactivity with HTLV types I and II. (1985)

Three monoclonal antibodies to human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLVI) p19 internal core protein, designated as alpha HTLV-2, 3, and 4, have been developed. In indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assays, these antibodies reacted with acetone-fixed cytocentrifuge preparations of culture HTLVI-infected peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) from a patient (SD) with Japanese adult T cell leukemia and with infected HUT-102 T cells but not with cultured normal PBL. Anti-p19 antibodies alpha HTLV-2, 3, and 4 all reacted with the same HTLVI p19 identified both by antibodies in HTLVI+ patient sera and by antisera raised against two synthetic peptides encoded by the p19 gag region of HTLVI. Partial proteolytic cleavage of p19 immunoprecipitates obtained with antibodies alpha HTLV-2, 3, and 4 produced a 17,000-dalton cleavage product, in agreement with the size of the fragment predicted from the nucleic acid sequence of the HTLVI p19 gag region. Antibodies alpha HTLV-3 and 4 reacted with HTLVI but not HTLVII proteins and were useful diagnostic probes in identifying HTLVI- but not HTLVII-infected lymphoid cells in immunofluorescence assays. In addition to reacting with HTLVI p19, antibodies 2 and 4 also cross-reacted with a wide variety of HTLV-uninfected normal and neoplastic cells and tissues. In addition, HTLVI+ patient sera contained antibodies that competed for binding to the antigenic site on p19 recognized by antibody 4. Thus, anti-p19 monoclonal antibodies alpha HTLV-2 and 4 reacted with a 19,000-dalton viral-encoded protein of HTLVI and cross-reacted with normal host tissues, while anti-p19 antibody alpha HTLV-3 was specific for HTLVI p19 core protein.