gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization of I-CmoeI reveals that this H-N-H homing endonuclease shares functional similarities with H-N-H colicins (2000)

Endonuclease assays of the H-N-H proteins encoded by two group I introns in the Chlamydomonas moewusii chloroplast psbA gene revealed that the CmpsbA.1 intron specifies a site-specific DNA endonuclease, designated I-CMOE:I. Like most previously reported intron-encoded endonucleases, I-CMOE:I generates a double-strand break near the insertion site of its encoding intron, leaving 3' extensions of 4 nt. This enzyme was purified from Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with a His tag at its N-terminus. The recombinant protein (rI-CMOE:I) requires a divalent alkaline earth cation for DNA cleavage (Mg(2+) > Ca(2+) > Sr(2+) > Ba(2+)). It also requires a metal cofactor for DNA binding, a property shared with H-N-H colicins but not with the homing endonucleases characterized to date. rI-CMOE:I binds its recognition sequence as a monomer, as revealed by gel retardation assays. K:(m) and k(cat) values of 100 +/- 40 pM and 0.26 +/- 0.04 min(-1), respectively, were determined. Replacement of the first histidine of the H-N-H motif by an alanine residue abolishes both rI-CMOE:I activity and binding to its substrate. We propose that this conserved histidine residue plays a role in binding the metal cofactor and that such binding induces a structural modification of the enzyme which is required for DNA recognition.
Development of the Cardiac Conduction System as Delineated by minK‐lacZ (2003)

Our findings suggest that the boundary regions between compartments, along with the atrioventricular conduction axis, share a common developmental pathway.
A finite element analysis of the effect of electrode area and inter-electrode distance on the spatial distribution of the current density in tDCS (2011)

We investigated the effect of electrode area and inter-electrode distance on the spatial distribution of the current density in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). For this purpose, we used the finite element method to compute the distribution of the current density in a four-layered spherical head model using various electrode montages, corresponding to a range of electrode sizes and inter-electrode distances. We found that smaller electrodes required slightly less current to achieve a constant value of the current density at a reference point on the brain surface located directly under the electrode center. Under these conditions, smaller electrodes also produced a more focal current density distribution in the brain, i.e. the magnitude of the current density fell more rapidly with distance from the reference point. The combination of two electrodes with different areas produced an asymmetric current distribution that could lead to more effective and localized neural modulation under the smaller electrode than under the larger one. Focality improved rapidly with decreasing electrode size when the larger electrode sizes were considered but the improvement was less marked for the smaller electrode sizes. Also, focality was not affected significantly by inter-electrode distance unless two large electrodes were placed close together. Increasing the inter-electrode distance resulted in decreased shunting of the current through the scalp and the cerebrospinal fluid, and decreasing electrode area resulted in increased current density on the scalp under the edges of the electrode. Our calculations suggest that when working with conventional electrodes (25-35 cm(2)), one of the electrodes should be placed just 'behind' the target relative to the other electrode, for maximum current density on the target. Also electrodes with areas in the range 3.5-12 cm(2) may provide a better compromise between focality and current density in the scalp than the traditional electrodes. Finally, the use of multiple small return electrodes may be more efficient than the use of a single large return electrode.
Study on evaluation of International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (ISTCP) in China (2006)

This paper presents an overview of evaluation of ISTCP in China. We discuss briefly the history of evaluation and the strengths and weaknesses of different assessment systems. On this basis, with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), we establish evaluation indicator system for ISTCP that includes research project establishment evaluation, mid-period evaluation system, effect evaluation system, and confirm the value of each indicator. At the same time, we established expert database, project database, research organization database, researcher database etc. We therefore establish an evaluation platform for international science and technology cooperation project. We use it to realize full process supervision from evaluation expert selection to project management.
Glycerol Upgrading over Zeolites by Batch‐Reactor Liquid‐Phase Oligomerization: Heterogeneous versus Homogeneous Reaction (2008)

Glycerol upgrading to diglycerols in the presence of basic (Na+ or Cs+) ion-exchanged (FAU or BEA) zeolite catalysts was studied in a liquid-phase batch rector at 260 degrees C under normal pressure. Homogeneous NaHCO3 and CsHCO3 catalysts were studied for comparison. All the catalysts, including NaHCO3 and CsHCO3, displayed the same conversion-selectivity relationship. The selectivity to linear diglycerols decreased at higher conversions/reaction times owing to the consecutive formation of higher oligomers, with preferential further conversion of alpha,alpha'-diglycerol. The maximum yield of linear diglycerols was limited to about 30 %. The activities of the zeolites followed the order X>Y>Beta, independent of the alkali ion present. Catalysis by the zeolites starts with an induction period attributed to a slow leaching of alkaline cations from the zeolite. Thereafter, the reaction is characterized by a progressive loss of the microporous structure of the zeolite and increasing overlap of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, where, primarily, the activity depends on the cation content of the zeolite.
High-Efficiency Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Converter Without Electrolytic Capacitor for Low-Output-Voltage AC–DC LED Drivers (2012)

Due to their high reliability and luminous efficacy, high-brightness light-emitting diodes are being widely used in lighting applications, and therefore, their power supplies are required to have also high reliability and efficiency. A very common approach for achieving this in ac-dc applications is using a two-stage topology. The power factor corrector boost converter operating in the boundary conduction mode is a very common converter used as first stage. It is normally designed without electrolytic capacitors, improving reliability but also increasing the low-frequency ripple of the output voltage. The asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) is a perfect option for the second stage as it has very high efficiency, it operates at constant switching frequency, and its output filter is small (i.e., it can be also easily implemented without electrolytic capacitors). Moreover, the AHB is an excellent candidate for self-driven synchronous rectification (SD-SR) as its transformer does not have dead times. However, the standard configuration of the SD-SR must be modified in this case in order to deal with the transformer voltage variations due to the input voltage ripple and, more important, due to the LED dimming state. This modification is presented in this paper. Another important issue regarding the AHB is that its closed-loop controller cannot be very fast and it cannot easily cancel the previously mentioned low-frequency ripple. In this paper, a feed-forward technique, specifically designed to overcome this problem, is also presented. The experimental results obtained with a 60-W topology show that efficiency of the AHB may be very high (94.5%), while the inherent control problems related to the AHB can be overcome by the proposed feed-forward technique.
Strategic Bundling of Products and Prices: A New Synthesis for Marketing (2002)

Bundling is pervasive in today's markets. However, the bundling literature contains inconsistencies in the use of terms and ambiguity about basic principles underlying the phenomenon. The literature also lacks an encompassing classification of the various strategies, clear rules to evaluate the legality of each strategy, and a unifying framework to indicate when each is optimal. Based on a review of the marketing, economics, and law literature, this article develops a new synthesis of the field of bundling, which provides three important benefits. First, the article clearly and consistently defines bundling terms and identifies two key dimensions that enable a comprehensive classification of bundling strategies. Second, it formulates clear rules for evaluating the legality of each of these strategies. Third, it proposes a framework of 12 propositions that suggest which bundling strategy is optimal in various contexts. The synthesis provides managers with a framework with which to understand and choose bundling strategies. It also provides researchers with promising avenues for further research.
Blockchain in global supply chains and cross border trade: a critical synthesis of the state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities (2019)

Blockchain possesses the potential of transforming global supply chain management. Gartner predicts that blockchain could be able to track $2 T of goods and services in their movement across the globe by 2023, and blockchain will be a more than $3 trillion business by 2030. Nowadays, a growing number of blockchain initiatives are disrupting traditional business models in each sector. In this paper, we provide a timely and holistic overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges, gaps and opportunities in global supply chain and trade operations for both the private sector and governmental agencies, by synthesising a wide range of resources from business leaders, global international organisations, leading supply chain consulting firms, research articles, trade magazines and conferences. We then identify collaborative schema and future research directions for industry, government, and academia to jointly work together in ensuring that the full potential of blockchain is unleashed amidst the socioeconomic, geopolitical and technological disruptions that global supply chains and trade are facing.
Collection 18 / II (2021)

Dr. PA Nikiforov presented three cases of knee cap fracture, of which two extra-articular were treated conservatively, and one - promptly. Conservative treatment consisted in fixing the fragments with adhesive tape strips and a cotton gauze roller with leg extension with a moderate weight.
On the structure and mechanism of formation of the Lansbury reagent, lithium tetrakis(N-dihydropyridyl)aluminate (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the structure and mechanism of formation of the Lansbury reagent, lithium tetrakis(N-dihydropyridyl)aluminateDennis D. Tanner and Chi Ming YangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7, 1840–1846Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00059a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00059a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views641Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase α Homodimerizes on the Cell Surface (2000)

We reported previously that the N-terminal D1 catalytic domain of receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase alpha (RPTPalpha) forms a symmetrical, inhibited dimer in a crystal structure, in which a helix-turn-helix wedge element from one monomer is inserted into the catalytic cleft of the other monomer. Previous functional studies also suggested that dimerization inhibits the biological activity of a CD45 chimeric RPTP and the catalytic activity of an isolated RPTPsigma D1 catalytic domain. Most recently, we have also shown that enforced dimerization inhibits the biological activity of full-length RPTPalpha in a wedge-dependent manner. The physiological significance of such inhibition is unknown, due to a lack of understanding of how RPTPalpha dimerization is regulated in vivo. In this study, we show that transiently expressed cell surface RPTPalpha exists predominantly as homodimers, suggesting that dimerization-mediated inhibition of RPTPalpha biological activity is likely to be physiologically relevant. Consistent with our published and unpublished crystallographic data, we show that mutations in the wedge region of D1 catalytic domain and deletion of the entire D2 catalytic domain independently reduced but did not abolish RPTPalpha homodimerization, suggesting that both domains are critically involved but that neither is essential for homodimerization. Finally, we also provide evidence that both the RPTPalpha extracellular domain and the transmembrane domain were independently able to homodimerize. These results lead us to propose a zipper model in which inactive RPTPalpha dimers are stabilized by multiple, relatively weak dimerization interfaces. Dimerization in this manner would provide a potential mechanism for negative regulation of RPTPalpha. Such RPTPalpha dimers could be activated by extracellular ligands or intracellular binding proteins that induce monomerization or by intracellular signaling events that induce an open conformation of the dimer.
Influence of finite ground planes on the transmission line current distribution (1996)

The knowledge of the current distribution on the ground plane of a printed circuit board (PCB) is important to overcome many electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems. In this paper a method of moments (MoM) algorithm is used to evaluate the surface current distribution on the ground (GND) plane. In order to consider the effects of GND-planes on the signal behaviour on transmission lines, infinite planes are often assumed to reduce the calculation time. A comparison of the currents using finite and infinite ground planes shows a significant modification of the coupling to transmission lines placed in the layer above.
Performance analysis of wavelength converters based on cross-gain modulation in semiconductor-optical amplifiers (1998)

An analytical theory describing all-optical wavelength converters based on cross-gain modulation (XGM) in semiconductor-optical amplifiers is derived. Our theory consists of two parts: a large-signal analysis yielding the transmission function for the signal, and a small-signal analysis in order to describe the transformation of the signal and probe intensity noise. Both the large-signal as well as the small-signal theory reveal similar performance for the co- and the counterpropagating injection scheme for bit rates up to 2.5 Gb/s. This is confirmed by computer simulations. Consequently, the counterpropagating configuration is preferable because the implementation is simpler and conversion to the same wavelength is possible. In order to increase the conversion efficiency it is better to reduce the average signal power than to increase the probe power, which additionally reduces the output power range. However, there is a tradeoff between conversion efficiency and output extinction ratio. According to the small-signal analysis, the relative-intensity noise (RIN) due to the probe and due to the amplified spontaneous emission is negligible. Moreover, the converted signal has a lower RIN than the input signal.
Analysis of EHMT1 expression and its correlations with clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell cancer (2013)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, requiring effective biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness. Histone H3K9 methyltransferases (EHMT1 and EHMT2) are global genome organizers, which are crucial for maintaining the balance state of cells in a tissue-specific manner. It was previously suggested that EHMT1 expression is a predictor of prognosis in several malignant tumors; however, the prognostic significance of EHMT1 expression in ESCC has not been determined. A cohort of 50 ESCC cases and 46 paired normal esophageal tissue samples were evaluated to assess the levels of EHMT1 expression by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The SPSS software package was used for statistical data analysis. A significantly upregulated EHMT1 expression was observed in squamous preinvasive lesions and ESCC compared to the matched normal esophageal epithelia (52.0 vs. 21.7%, respectively). The expression of EHMT1 was correlated with tumor grade (G), depth of invasion (T) and lymph node metastasis (N) in ESCC. EHMT1 overexpression was found to be associated with poor cancer-specific survival in squamous cell carcinomas (χ<sup>2</sup>=3.922, P=0.048). The expression of EHMT1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in ESCC patients. In conclusion, EHMT1 expression is upregulated in ESCC and early preinvasive esophageal squamous lesions and the overexpression of EHMT1 is associated with poor prognosis in ESCC. Therefore, the expression of EHMT1 may be an effective prognostic biomarker for ESCC.
Research on Bandwidth Control Technology Based on SDN (2018)

With the development of various network services, the load of network links is increasing. The rational distribution of existing network resources has become an urgent problem. The emergence of Software Defined Network(SDN) makes network management more efficient. In this paper, the bandwidth control strategy is added to SDN controller to realize the monitoring, measure and control of network flow. According to the priority of users, we developed the bandwidth allocation scheme, and the scheduling of flow is realized by sending the flow tables to Open vSwitch. In addition, we invoke the Hierarchical Token Bucket(HTB) algorithm at the switch port and create queues, then when the flow passes through a switch, it is classified then enters corresponding queue, and it completes integration when dequeues. Finally, in the simulation SDN network, the bandwidth control experiment is completed and network resources are allocated reasonably.
Wavelet-based image denoising using hidden Markov models (2000)

Wavelet-domain hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been proposed and applied to image processing, e.g., image denoising. We develop a new HMM, called local contextual HMM (LCHMM), by introducing the Gaussian mixture field where wavelet coefficients are assumed to locally follow the Gaussian mixture distributions determined by their neighborhoods. The LCHMM can exploit both the local statistics and the intrascale dependencies of wavelet coefficients at low computational complexity. We show that the proposed LCHMM combined with the "cycle-spinning" technique may achieve the best performance in image denoising.
40 Gbit/s pulsewidth-maintained wavelength conversionbased on a high-nonlinearity DSF-NOLM (2000)

The authors present results showing that walkoff and dispersion effects are reduced when only 1 km HNL-DSF fibre is used in a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). Broadband and pulsewidth-maintained wavelength conversion at 40 Gbit/s based on a high-nonlinearity DSF-NOLM is obtained.
Genetic disorders and molecular mechanisms in cholestatic liver disease--a clinical approach. (2001)

Cholestasis may result from genetic or acquired defects in bile secretion. Cloning of hepatobiliary transporter genes has advanced our understanding of the molecular basis of bile formation and cholestasis. Hereditary mutations of transporter genes, exposure to cholestatic injury (eg, drugs, hormones, cytokines), or the combination of both can result in reduced expression and function of hepatobiliary transport systems. These molecular changes impair hepatic uptake and excretion of bile salts and other organic anions (eg, bilirubin). Other molecular changes contibuting to cholestasis include alterations of membrane fluidity, cytoskeleton, vesicle movement, and cell contacts. Transporter mutations can be diagnosed at the molecular genetic level. Gene therapy and hepatocyte transplantation could be used in the future to correct hereditary transport defects. Drugs used to treat cholestatic liver diseases (eg, ursodeoxycholic acid) stimulate and partially restore defective transporter expression and function. New information on the molecular mechanisms of cholestasis should lead to the development of novel drugs for cholestatic liver diseases.
Construction and Capacity Analysis of High-Rank LoS MIMO Channels in High Speed Railway Scenarios (2012)

The validity of the maximum capacity criterion applied to realize high-rank line-of-sight (LoS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels is investigated for high speed railway scenarios. Performance is evaluated by ergodic capacity. Numerical results demonstrate that by simply adjusting antenna spacing according to the maximum capacity criterion, significant capacity gains are achievable. We find relatively low sensitivity of the system to displacements from the optimal point and angle in relatively short range. Thus, we present two proposals to reconfigure antenna arrays so as to maximize LoS MIMO capacity in the high speed railway scenarios
The influence of dosage form on the activity of a diuretic agent (1968)

Tablets and capsules of a combination product containing triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide in a 2:1 ratio were compared in a series of short‐term studies with male volunteers. The tablet caused approximately twice as much excretion of hydrochlorothiazide and 3 times as much triamterene as the capsule. These studies provide further evidence of the importance of the dosage forms in the effectiveness of drugs.