gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High efficiency of 5-aminolevulinate-photodynamic treatment using UVA irradiation (2001)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being used clinically for the treatment of skin cancers. One concept of delivering the employed photosensitizer directly to target cells is to stimulate cellular synthesis of sensitizers such as porphyrins. ALA (5-aminolevulinate) is applied as a precursor of porphyrins which then serve as endogenous photosensitizers. Upon irradiation, reactive oxygen species, predominantly singlet oxygen, are generated, leading to cell death. ALA-PDT using red light (550-750 nm) is known to lead to the activation of stress kinases, such as c-Jun-N-terminal kinase and p38. These kinases are also activated by UVA (320-400 nm), whose biological effects are mediated in part by singlet oxygen. In the present study, the efficiency of a combination of both treatment strategies, ALA-PDT and UVA, in cytotoxicity and activation of stress kinases was investigated taking human skin fibroblasts as a model. Compared with the commonly used ALA-PDT with red light (LD(50) = 13.5 J/cm(2)), UVA-ALA-PDT was 40-fold more potent in killing cultured human skin fibroblasts (LD(50) = 0.35 J/cm(2)) and still 10-fold more potent than ALA-PDT with green light (LD(50) = 4.5 J/cm(2)). Its toxicity relied on the formation of singlet oxygen, as was shown employing modulators of singlet oxygen lifetime. In line with these data, strong activation of the stress kinase p38 was obtained in ALA-pretreated cells irradiated with UVA at doses two orders of magnitude lower than necessary for a comparable activation of p38 by UVA in control cells. Taken together, these data suggest UVA-ALA-PDT as a potentially interesting new approach in the photodynamic treatment of skin diseases.
1931 Vernon's City of Windsor Directory (Leddy Copy) (1931)

Vernon's City of Windsor directory for the year 1931. Covering Ojibway, Sandwich, Walkerville, East Windsor and Riverside.
Nuclear lamin antigen and messenger RNA expression in bovine in vitro produced and nuclear transfer embryos (2005)

The nuclear lamina is a complex meshwork of nuclear lamin filaments that lies on the interface of the nuclear envelope and chromatin and is important for cell maintenance, nucleoskeleton support, chromatin remodeling, and protein recruitment to the inner nucleolus. Protein and mRNA patterns for the major nuclear lamins were investigated in bovine in vitro fertilized (IVF) and nuclear transfer embryos. Expression of lamins A/C and B were examined in IVF bovine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, zygotes, 2-cell, 8-cell, 16-32-cell embryos, morulae, and blastocysts (n = 10). Lamin A/C was detected in 9/10 immature oocytes, 10/10 zygotes, 8/10 2-cell embryos, 4/10 morulae, 10/10 blastocysts but absent during the maternal embryonic transition. Lamin B was ubiquitously expressed during IVF preimplantation development but was only detected in 4/10 GV oocytes. Messenger RNA expression confirms that the major lamins, A/C and B1 are expressed throughout preimplantation development and transcribed by the embryo proper. Lamin A/C and B expression were observed (15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min) following somatic cell nuclear transfer using adult fibroblasts and at the 2-cell, 8-cell, 16-32-cell, morula and blastocyst stage (n = 5). Altered expression levels and localization of nuclear lamins A/C and B was determined in nuclear transfer embryos during the first 2 hr post fusion, coincidental with only partial nuclear envelope breakdown as well as during the initial cleavage divisions, but was restored by the morula stage. This mechanical and molecular disruption of the nuclear lamina provides key evidence for incomplete nuclear remodeling and reprogramming following somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Oxides of the Transition Metals as Catalysts (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxides of the Transition Metals as CatalystsAlfred ClarkCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 7, 1476–1480Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50523a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50523a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Predication-based semantic indexing: permutations as a means to encode predications in semantic space. (2009)

Corpus-derived distributional models of semantic distance between terms have proved useful in a number of applications. For both theoretical and practical reasons, it is desirable to extend these models to encode discrete concepts and the ways in which they are related to one another. In this paper, we present a novel vector space model that encodes semantic predications derived from MEDLINE by the SemRep system into a compact spatial representation. The associations captured by this method are of a different and complementary nature to those derived by traditional vector space models, and the encoding of predication types presents new possibilities for knowledge discovery and information retrieval.
Effect of Fiber Surface Treatment on the Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nylon Composites (1988)

The mechanical properties of injection-molded, carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 com posites were characterized for four different fiber surface treatments. It is demonstrated that, for similar fiber length distributions, improvements in both ultimate and impact strengths can be effected by increasing the degree of fiber-to-resin bonding through modification of the surface treatment. Micrographs of composite fracture surfaces are shown for selected treatments. Composite electrical properties are also presented.
Blueshift of intersubband transition wavelength in AlN/GaN multiple quantum wells by low temperature metal organic vapor phase epitaxy using pulse injection method (2009)

AlN/GaN multiquantum wells (MQWs) were grown at different growth temperatures via a metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) system using a pulse injection method and their intersubband transition (ISBT) properties were investigated. Strong ISBT at 1.58 μm measured at room temperature was realized with MQWs grown at 770 °C and its absorption properties was the best reported in MOVPE system using GaN buffer layer. Clear blueshift of ISB absorption wavelength by lowering growth temperature was observed, which suggests that interdiffusion within MQWs was suppressed at lower growth temperatures.
Significant head cooling can be achieved while maintaining normothermia in the newborn piglet (2005)

It is possible to maintain systemic normothermia in piglets while significantly cooling the deeper structures of the brain. This method of cooling may further limit the side effects associated with systemic hypothermia and be feasible for premature infants.
Processing and Mechanical Properties of NiAl-Based In-Situ Composites (1994)

In-situ composites based on the NiAl-Cr eutectic system were successfully produced by containerless processing and evaluated. The NiAl-Cr alloys had a fibrous microstructure while the NiAl-(Cr,Mo) alloys containing 1 at. percent or more molybdenum exhibited a lamellar structure. The NiAl-28Cr-6Mo eutectic displays promising high temperature strength while still maintaining a reasonable room temperature fracture toughness when compared to other NiAl-based materials. The Laves phase NiAlTa was used to strengthen NiAl and very promising creep strengths were found for the directionally solidified NiAl-NiAlTa eutectic. The eutectic composition was found to be near NiAl-15.5Ta (at. percent) and well aligned microstructures were produced at this composition. An off-eutectic composition of NiAl-14.5Ta was also processed, consisting of NiAl dendrites surrounded by aligned eutectic regions. The room temperature toughness of these two phase alloys was similar to that of polycrystalline NiAl even with the presence of the brittle Laves phase NiAlTa. Polyphase in-situ composites were generated by directional solidification of ternary eutectics. The systems investigated were the Ni-Al-Ta-X (X=Cr, Mo, or V) alloys. Ternary eutectics were found in each of these systems and both the eutectic composition and temperature were determined. Of these ternary eutectics, the one in the NiAl-Ta-Cr system was found to be the most promising. The fracture toughness of the NiAl-(Cr,Al)NiTa-Cr eutectic was intermediate between those of the NiAl-NiAlTa eutectic and the NiAl-Cr eutectic. The creep strength of this ternary eutectic was similar to or greater than that of the NiAl-Cr eutectic.
Embedded system design of an advanced illumination measurement system for highways (2014)

Roadway illumination is a vital component of safety while driving during the night. There are regulations in place to ensure all publicly maintained roads are properly lit, but the validation process is too time consuming, costly, and dangerous for adequate data collection studies. This work is aimed toward remedying this problem by creating an Advanced Lighting Measurement System (ALMS) capable of recording illumination readings while traveling at normal driving speeds. This solution is based on the Arduino Uno development board, a cost effective yet powerful microcontroller. The proposed embedded system consists of Ariduino Uno microcontroller, Distance measurement instrument, USB module, event logger, GPS module, light meters, and microSD module. This work involves collecting data along 100 centerline miles of Florida roadways and converting the resulting illumination readings into GIS format, allowing them to be included in the roadway database of the Florida Department of Transportation. By including this data the FDOT will be able to repair poorly lit corridors and will be aware of possible safety concerns. The illumination values recorded by the ALMS have been validated and verified as an accurate replacement for conventional lighting measurements. The system requires minimal user interaction and rapidly speeds up illumination measurement along highways.
Buried hill karst reservoirs and their controls on productivity (2015)

The concept model of ancient buried hill karst reservoirs was built taking the NWKK carbonate rock oilfield in the South Turgay Basin in Kazakhstan as an example, and the characteristics of karst reservoirs and their controls on productivity were analyzed in vertical and horizontal directions. Vertically, the karst reservoirs can be subdivided into, from top to bottom, weathering crust zone, epikarst zone, caves zone, vadose zone and phreatic zone, in which the development of fractures is strengthened gradually; Six reservoir types, breccia pore, cave, vug, fracture-vug, fracture-pore and pore, were developed; Each karst zone has high oil production and low water cut in the initial stage because of the developed fractures and karst caves, but the production declines rapidly and the water cut rises fast. Horizontally, the karst reservoir characteristics are controlled by structure altitude and ancient lithofacies: the ancient buried hill with high structure altitude and loose lithology suffers from stronger weathering and leaching, has much more solution caves and holes, the main reservoir types are breccia pore, cave, and vug, while the ancient buried hill with low structure altitude and compacted lithology has highly developed fractures and stronger communication with bottom water, the main reservoir types are fracture-vug and fracture-pore, and the reservoirs have better productivity effect but rapid production declines and water cut rising. Different areas in plane should adopt different development techniques and policies.
Modulation of Non-Templated Nucleotide Addition by <i>Taq</i> DNA Polymerase: Primer Modifications that Facilitate Genotyping (1996)

Taq DNA polymerase can catalyze non-templated addition of a nucleotide (principally adenosine) to the 3' end of PCR-amplified products. Recently, we showed that this activity, which is primer-specific, presents a potential source of error in genotyping studies based on the use of short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Furthermore, in reviewing our data, we found that non-templated nucleotide addition adjacent to a 3' terminal C is favored and that addition adjacent to a 3' terminal A is not. It was clear, however, that features of the template in addition to the 3' terminal base also affect the fraction of product adenylated. To define consensus sequences that promote or inhibit product adenylation, we transplanted sequences between the 5' ends of the reverse primers of markers that are adenylated and those of markers that are not adenylated. It proved difficult to identify a single sequence capable of protecting the products of all markers from non-templated addition of nucleotide. On the other hand, placing the sequence GTTTCTT on the 5' end of reverse primers resulted in nearly 100% adenylation of the 3' end of the forward strand. This modification or related ones (called "PIG-tailing") should facilitate accurate genotyping and efficient T/A cloning.
Antibody Recognition of Cell Surface-Associated NS1 Triggers Fc-γ Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis and Clearance of West Nile Virus-Infected Cells (2007)

Previous studies have suggested that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to flavivirus nonstructural protein-1 (NS-1) protect against infection in mice through an Fc-gamma receptor-dependent pathway. To identify a specific mechanism, we evaluated the protective activity of anti-NS1 MAbs to WNV using mice and cells with deficiencies of specific Fc-gamma receptors. Our results suggest that only MAbs that recognize cell surface-associated NS1 trigger Fc-gamma receptor I- and/or IV-mediated phagocytosis and clearance of WNV-infected cells. These findings may be relevant for generating novel therapeutic MAbs or vaccines against flaviviruses that target the NS1 protein.
Deep brain stimulation for drug‐resistant epilepsy (2017)

Summary Objectives To review clinical evidence on the antiepileptic effects of deep brain stimulation ( DBS ) for drug‐resistant epilepsy, its safety, and the factors influencing individual outcomes. Methods A comprehensive search of the medical literature (PubMed, Medline) was conducted to identify relevant articles investigating DBS therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy. Reference lists of these articles were used to source further articles. Results Stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus ( ANT ) and hippocampus ( HC ) has been shown to decrease the frequency of refractory seizures. Half of all patients from clinical studies experienced a 46%‐90% seizure reduction with ANT ‐ DBS , and a 48%‐95% seizure reduction with HC ‐ DBS . The efficacy of stimulating other targets remains inconclusive due to lack of evidence. Approximately three‐fourths of patients receiving ANT , HC , or centromedian nucleus of the thalamus ( CMT ) stimulation are responders—experiencing a seizure reduction of at least 50%. The time course of clinical benefit varies dramatically, with both an initial lesional effect and ongoing stimulation effect at play. Improved quality of life and changes to cognition or mood may also occur. Side effects are similar in nature to those reported from DBS therapy for movement disorders. Several factors are potentially associated with stimulation efficacy, including an absence of structural abnormality on imaging for ANT and HC stimulation, and electrode position relative to the target. Certain seizure types or syndromes may respond more favorably to specific targets, including ANT stimulation for deep temporal or limbic seizures, and CMT stimulation for generalized seizures and Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome. Significance We have identified several patient, disease, and stimulation factors that potentially predict seizure outcome following DBS . More large‐scale clinical trials are needed to explore different stimulation parameters, reevaluate the indications for DBS , and identify robust predictors of patient response.
Superdirectivity with Appreciable Bandwidth in Arrays of Radiating Elements FED by Microwave Transistors (1974)

The incorporation of transistors into the radiating elements of an array antenna leads to a suppression of the elemental mutual coupling effects in the feed network. Because of this suppressed interaction, it is possible to re-appraise the practical exploitation of Schelkunoff's principle that an arbitrarily high gain can be obtained from a given array size by suitably feeding the individual elements. A four-element end-fire superdirective array with a total length of 3ʻ/8 and a theoretical beam width of 60° has been investigated. The computed radiation patterns of the passive array indicate the extreme sensitivity to changes in frequency consistent with the classical limitations of supergain arrays. An experimental active array is described which permits the superdirective performance to be maintained over an appreciable frequency band.
Fault coverage requirement in production testing of LSI circuits (1982)

A technique is described for evaluating the effectiveness of production tests for large scale integrated (LSI) circuit chips. It is based on a model for the distribution of faults on a chip. The model requires two parameters, the average number (n/SUB 0/) of faults on a faulty chip and the yield (y) of good chips. It is assumed that the yield either is known or can be calculated from the available formulas. The other parameter, n/SUB 0/, is determined from an experimental procedure. Once the model is fully characterized, it allows calculation of the field reject rate as a function of the fault coverage. The technique implicitly takes into account such variables as fault simulator characteristics, the feature size, and the manufacturing environment. An actual LSI circuit is used as an example.
Development of Prediction Code of CO₂ 2 Flows for CO₂ Pipeline Transport(I) (2013)

CO₂ pipeline transport is a cardinal area of capture, transport and storage of CO₂ for CCS business. The pipeline transport of CO₂ is emerging as an interesting issue in South Korea. It requires reliable tools for accurately simulating the flows of both pure CO₂ and CO₂ mixtures. Thus, this work is to develop Euler1D and Euler2D codes employing a central WENO scheme for simulating CO₂ flows. The codes are verified with exact solutions, and tested with several benchmark problems in one and two dimensional spaces. They will be used to simulate CO₂ flows and to support fracture propagation control for CO₂ pipelines.
Update of the management of venous thromboembolism. (2002)

Venous thromboembolism is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Its treatment is based in unfractionated heparin (UFH), but the advance of low molecular weight heparins, with clinical efficacy at least similar to UFH and better safety profile, have changed the therapeutic consensus. The highly relevant physiopathologic information has contributed to understand the paradoxical thrombotic mechanisms associated with heparin induced thrombocytopenia. New drugs, such as danaparoid sodium, lepirudin and argatroban, are an alternative to anticoagulation by heparin when this adverse reaction occurs. Another relevant progress was the determination of optimal duration of oral anticoagulation in order to prevent thromboembolic recurrences. In the meantime, other pharmacological approaches (thrombolytics and antiplatelet agents) have been assessed in several trials of limited value outcomes. Prophylactic measures like graduated compression stockings/intermittent external pneumatic compression and inferior vena cava filters have shown efficacy in primary and secondary prevention in patients with different risks of thromboembolic recurrence.
Identidades raciales, actuaciones raciales y procesos normativos inconscientes (2006)

La autora examina varias perspectivas sobre la identidad racial y étnica y propone un modelo de pensamiento sobre la identidad encaminado a captar tanto el carácter opresivo como facilitador de la misma. Para elaborar aún más la naturaleza dual de la identidad, discute el modo en que las desigualdades del mundo social, y las ideologías que las sostienen, producen heridas narcisistas que se ponen en acto consciente e inconscientemente tanto por parte del paciente como del terapeuta. Se presentan varias de estas puestas en acto en un resumen del trabajo de la autora con un paciente asiático-americano durante el cual comenzó a reconocer prejuicios inconscientes raciales y culturales del modo en que había considerado ciertos ¿principios básicos¿ de la práctica psicoanalítica: dependencia, independencia, felicidad y amor.
Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope Using a Novel 3x3 Integrated Optic Polarizer/Splitter (1988)

A Ti:LiNbO3 3×3 directional coupler, acting as both polarizer and 3db splitter, with a phase modulator has been incorporated in an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope. A random walk performance of 1×10−2 0 h has been demonstrated
Development of Hematopoietic and Endothelial Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Lessons from the Studies using Mouse as a Model (2007)

The current progress using the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) model system has provided much insight into the early origins of the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages, particularly the elusive hemangioblast. Recently, the cellular hierarchy and molecular regulation controlling hematopoietic commitment have been further elucidated. These findings not only provide new insights into early human development, but also advance the knowledge required to develop techniques capable of generating a given cell type for potential clinical applications. This review will focus on the latest advances using the hESC model system, capitalizing on the well-established mouse embryonic stem cell model system, as a means to investigate the lineage commitment events underlying the early embryonic development of human hematopoietic and endothelial cells.
Fibroblast growth factor in chick osteogenesis. (1990)

In vivo effects of FGF on osteogenesis in the chick embryo were evaluated. Day-11 embryos were injected with FGF followed by radiotracers. 3H-thymidine labelling of osteogenic cells was significantly higher following FGF administration; 3H-proline labelling over bone matrix was greater in the controls. Cartilage cells and matrix were sparsely labelled indicating a low level of metabolic activity. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that FGF stimulates osteogenic cell proliferation, while inhibiting production of bone matrix collagen. A role for FGF in embryonic osteogenesis and in fracture repair is suggested.