gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voiding dysfunction and urodynamic abnormalities in elderly patients (2004)

Lower urinary tract dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life in elderly men and women. With the progressive aging of the population, it is important to understand common micturitional disorders that may occur in this population. Most urinary problems in the elderly are multifactorial in origin, demanding a comprehensive assessment of the lower urinary tract organs, functional impairments, and concurrent medical diseases. Urodynamics is a highly valuable tool in the investigation of elderly patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urodynamic tests are not always necessary, being indicated after excluding potentially reversible conditions outside the urinary tract that may be causing or contributing to the symptoms. Although urodynamic tests may reveal common diagnoses such as bladder outlet obstruction and stress urinary incontinence in the elderly population, findings such as detrusor overactivity and impaired detrusor contractility are common and have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The purpose of this article is to describe common urologic problems in the elderly and review the indications for and clinical aspects of urodynamic studies in these conditions.
Emerging Biological Importance of Central Nervous System Lanthionines (2010)

Lanthionine (Lan), the thioether analog of cystine, is a natural but nonproteogenic amino acid thought to form naturally in mammals through promiscuous reactivity of the transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-beta-synthase (CbetaS). Lanthionine exists at appreciable concentrations in mammalian brain, where it undergoes aminotransferase conversion to yield an unusual cyclic thioether, lanthionine ketimine (LK; 2H-1,4-thiazine-5,6-dihydro-3,5-dicarboxylic acid). Recently, LK was discovered to possess neuroprotective, neuritigenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, both LK and the ubiquitous redox regulator glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine-glycine) bind to mammalian lanthionine synthetase-like protein-1 (LanCL1) protein which, along with its homolog LanCL2, has been associated with important physiological processes including signal transduction and insulin sensitization. These findings begin to suggest that Lan and its downstream metabolites may be physiologically important substances rather than mere metabolic waste. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about lanthionyl metabolites with emphasis on their possible relationships to LanCL1/2 proteins and glutathione. The potential significance of lanthionines in paracrine signaling is discussed with reference to opportunities for utilizing bioavailable pro-drug derivatives of these compounds as novel pharmacophores.
Aerosolized Antibiotics for Bacterial Lower Airway Infections (1997)

Many systemic antibiotics penetrate poorly into respiratory secretions. Inhaled antibiotics offer the theoretical advantage of high local concentrations at the site of infection, with minimal systemic absorption. However, the dose actually delivered to the lung is difficult to control and measure. It is governed by the complex interaction of factors related to nebulizer design and operating conditions, drug formulation, and patient characteristics. Basic principles of aerosols and the variables affecting lung deposition are discussed. Many clinical trials have paid little attention to these variables, making results difficult to interpret. However, recent well-designed studies have shown a benefit to aerosolized tobramycin in reducing the morbidity of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Inhaled antibiotics have also been investigated in the prophylactic and acute management of Gram-negative nosoco-mial pneumonias in critically ill patients without CF. Clinical trials of aerosolized antibiotics for the management of both CF lung disease and nosocomial pneumonias are reviewed. The data on toxicities and antibiotic resistance are also summarized.
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Atherosclerosis via Activation of Adipose Angiopoietin-like 4 (2013)

HIF-1-mediated increase in adipose Angptl4 and the ensuing lipoprotein lipase inactivation may contribute to atherosclerosis in patients with sleep apnea.
Nitric oxide synthase, an essential factor in peripheral nerve regeneration. (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO) exerts both, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic actions and appears to be acritical factor inneuronal degenerative and regenerative processes. NO is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase occurring in three isoforms of (neuronal, nNOS; endothelial, eNOS; inducible, iNOS). In a mice sciatic nerve model the regenerative outcome was assessed when the endogenous NO supply was deficient by knocking out the respective NOS isoform and compared to that of wild type mice after nerve transection. In nNOS knock-out mice a delay in regeneration, preceded by slowedWallerian degeneration and a disturbed pruning of uncontrolled sprouts, was observed. This was associated with a delayed recovery of sensory and motor function. Additionally, deficiency of nNOS led after nerve cut to a substantial loss of small and medium-sized dorsal root ganglia neurons, spinal cord interneurons and, to a lesser extent, spinal cord motor neurons. A lack of iNOS resulted in a delayed Wallerian degeneration and impaired regenerative outcome without consequences for neuronal survival. A lack of eNOS was well tolerated, although a delay in nerve revascularization was observed. Thus, after peripheral nerve lesion, regular NOS activity is essential for cell survival and recovery with reference to the nNOS isoform.
Inter‐relationships among the properties of fatty oils (1989)

Abstract Properties of fatty oils, such as viscosity (η), iodine value (IV) and saponification value (SV), are useful in the design of methods and equipments for the processing of the fatty oils to value‐added products. This investigation is aimed at the development of generalized empirical relationships based on a model similar to the Antoine equation for vapor pressure. Two equations resulted. The first equation: log η = [−1.4 + 1.25 (IV/SV)] + [500 − 375 (IV/SV)]/ [(t + 140) − 85 (IV/SV)] relating the logarithm of viscosity to the ratio of iodine value to saponification value (IV/SV) and temperature in degrees centigrade (t), gives an average absolute deviation of 13.0% at 77 data points of several fatty oils. The second equation, somewhat simpler in form: log η = −0.6298 + [273.66/ (t + 88.81)] relating the logarithm of viscosity directly to the temperature in degrees centigrade (t), gives an average absolute deviation of 14.5% at 89 data points of a larger group of fatty oils ranging from almond to tallow. The two equations can be used conveniently to predict either viscosity, iodine value or saponification value, when the other two properties are known, for design purposes.
Real-time backward disparity-based rendering for dynamic scenes using programmable graphics hardware (2007)

This paper presents a backward disparity-based rendering algorithm, which runs at real-time speed on programmable graphics hardware. The algorithm requires only a handful of image samples of the scene and estimated noisy disparity maps, whereas most existing techniques need either dense samples or accurate depth information. To color a given pixel in the novel view, a backward searching process is conducted to find the corresponding pixels from the closest four reference images. The use of backward searching process makes the algorithm more robust to errors in estimated disparity maps than existing forward warping-based approaches. In addition, since the computations for different pixels are independent, they can be performed in parallel on the Graphics Processing Units of modern graphics hardware. Experiment results demonstrate that our algorithm can synthesize accurate novel views for dynamic real scenes at a high frame rate.
Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Propargylamines by Copper‐Catalyzed Mannich Reaction. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Accelerates Clonal Evolution in <i>BCR-ABL1</i> –Driven B-Cell Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2010)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination in germinal center (GC) B cells. Occasionally, AID can target non-Ig genes and thereby promote GC B-cell lymphomagenesis. We recently showed that the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 kinase induces aberrant expression of AID in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoid chronic myelogenous leukemia blast crisis. To elucidate the biological significance of aberrant AID expression, we studied loss of AID function in a murine model of BCR-ABL1 ALL. Mice transplanted with BCR-ABL1-transduced AID(-/-) bone marrow had prolonged survival compared with mice transplanted with leukemia cells generated from AID(+/+) bone marrow. Consistent with a causative role of AID in genetic instability, AID(-/-) leukemia had a lower frequency of amplifications and deletions and a lower frequency of mutations in non-Ig genes, including Pax5 and Rhoh compared with AID(+/+) leukemias. AID(-/-) and AID(+/+) ALL cells showed a markedly distinct gene expression pattern, and AID(-/-) ALL cells failed to downregulate a number of tumor-suppressor genes including Rhoh, Cdkn1a (p21), and Blnk (SLP65). We conclude that AID accelerates clonal evolution in BCR-ABL1 ALL by enhancing genetic instability and aberrant somatic hypermutation, and by negative regulation of tumor-suppressor genes.
How Marginally Does Impulse Buying Intention Change in Social Commerce? Nonparametric Regression Approach (2016)

In this article, we provide a model that captures the decision making process of impulse buying in social commerce (i.e., on online daily deal websites based on social media) and that does not require any parametric assumption on model specification. Especially, we address the change of marginal impact of marketing stimuli and consumer interaction on impulse buying intension in the context of social commerce. The theoretical framework was guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. For empirical analysis, the nonparametric regression methodology was applied which allows to capture change of marginal impact without any parametric assumption; Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). Survey data was collected using a web-based survey system from 500 consumers, who had experienced buying coupons in social commerce. Our study finds that perceived price discount is a key behavioral antecedent for the urge to buy impulsively in social commerce and that its impact is not linear but nonlinear. The contribution of findings of this research is to show how impulse buying intention change with respect to consumer-environment interaction, which has not been addressed thus far in existing research.
An Arg-Gly-Asp peptide stimulates Ca2+ efflux from osteoclast precursors through a novel mechanism (1994)

We examined the effect of a peptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence on 45Ca2+ efflux from osteoclast precursors. 45Ca(2+)-loaded osteoclast precursors were treated with GRGDSP (170 microM) for 10 min after 30 min of basal perfusion with a bicarbonate-containing buffer. GRGDSP significantly increased fractional efflux of Ca2+ from treated cells compared with vehicle-treated cells (P < 0.01) or cells treated with up to 200 micrograms/ml of a control peptide containing GRGESP. The effect of RGD was sustained for 15 min after the peptide was removed from the perfusate, but control levels of Ca2+ efflux returned by 1 h. The Ca2+ efflux effect of GRGDSP was most likely due to activation of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Ca(2+)-ATPase) pump, as indicated by its inhibition with vanadate and a calmodulin antagonist, N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide, and the absence of an effect of Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibition. An inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (0.1 mM), failed to inhibit GRGDSP-stimulated Ca2+ efflux. However, genistein and herbimycin A, inhibitors of protein-tyrosine kinases, blocked Ca2+ efflux stimulated by GRGDSP. The results indicate that RGD sequences of matrix proteins may stimulate Ca2+ efflux from osteoclasts through activation of protein-tyrosine kinases and suggest that GRGDSP-stimulated Ca2+ efflux is mediated via the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase.
Maximizing Propylene Yield by Two-Stage Riser Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Oil (2007)

The two-stage riser catalytic cracking for maximizing propylene yield has the following characteristics: relative lower temperature with larger catalyst/oil ratio, stratified injections of various feedstocks, and proper contacting time between catalyst and oil vapor. These characteristics can enhance catalytic cracking and minimize thermal cracking, which is very favorable for maximizing propylene yield and lowering dry gas. The experimental results showed that using the special catalyst LTC-2 the yield of propylene is up to 24.11% and the liquid yield approaches 82% when the first stage riser is fed Daqing AR with butenes and the second is fed the light gasoline and heavy oil from the first stage. The final gasoline containing only 26% olefins and nearly 50% aromatics is the desired high octane-number component. The diesel must be hydrogenated due to its higher density.
Single-electron logic device based on the binary decision diagram (1997)

The unit device consists of four tunnel junctions and operates as a two-way switch for single-electron transport. Any combinational logic can be implemented by connecting identical unit devices into a cascade to build the tree of a BDD graph. Several sample designs are presented for logic circuits of NAND, NOR, exclusive-OR, and AND-OR combinational logic. Computer simulation shows that the designed circuits perform the logic operations correctly.
Cutting Edge: Differentiation of Antitumor CTL In Vivo Requires Host Expression of Stat1 (1999)

Several lines of evidence suggest that an IFN-gamma-producing, Th1/Tc1 phenotype may be optimal for tumor rejection. Recent work has indicated that IFN signaling on tumor cells is important for protection against carcinogenesis. However, the potential involvement of IFN signaling among host immune cells has not been carefully examined. To this end, Stat1-deficient mice were employed as tumor recipients. In contrast to wild-type mice, Stat1-/- mice failed to reject immunogenic tumors and did not support regression of poorly immunogenic tumors when treated with an IL-12-based vaccine. T cells from immunized Stat1-/- mice produced 50% of the levels of IFN-gamma and lacked cytolytic activity compared with wild-type mice, and NK lytic activity also was not observed. Lack of cytolytic function correlated with a failure to up-regulate serine esterase activity. Thus, IFN-mediated signaling on host cells is required for the development of antitumor lytic effector cells.
Virtual gaze redirection in face images (2004)

In video-conferencing, the participant watches the screen rather than the camera. This turns the gaze direction away from the other party and makes eye contact impossible. Artificial gaze redirection by iris repositioning has been proposed, but the feasibility of crucial algorithmic components, especially the challenging computer vision parts, was not demonstrated. This paper demonstrates a system for gaze redirection in color face images via eye synthesis and replacement. The proposed method can serve as an image editing tool for entertainment and commercial use, and is an important step towards gaze-redirection in video-conferencing.
Intermodulation study. Intermodulation products: Satellite ground antennas (1973)

Abstract : A description of tests, observations, problems and results of work performed to reduce the intermodulation products generated in the 5-horn feed of a 60-foot diameter parabolic antenna. The goal was to produce feed components that generated intermodulation products at levels below -140 dBm while subjected to 10 kW CW of total power in any combination of carriers. The receive band was 7.25 to 7.75 GHz; the transmit band was 7.9 to 8.4 GHZ. The study was conducted in three phases: The determination of intermodulation levels as a function of total power, proportional power between carrier, waveguide current densities, vacuum, and test configuration; Specific problems encountered in fabricating waveguide devices, specifically flanges, seams, materials, tuning methods, and the degeneration of these factors with time; An effort to obtain specific intermodulation-free components, particularly stable filters and flanges. (Author)
Citation based plagiarism detection (2010)

This paper describes a new approach towards detecting plagiarism and scientific documents that have been read but not cited. In contrast to existing approaches, which analyze documents' words but ignore their citations, this approach is based on citation analysis and allows duplicate and plagiarism detection even if a document has been paraphrased or translated, since the relative position of citations remains similar. Although this approach allows in many cases the detection of plagiarized work that could not be detected automatically with the traditional approaches, it should be considered as an extension rather than a substitute. Whereas the known text analysis methods can detect copied or, to a certain degree, modified passages, the proposed approach requires longer passages with at least two citations in order to create a digital fingerprint.
Multi-scale point and line range data algorithms for mapping and localization (2006)

This paper presents a multi-scale point and line based representation of two-dimensional range scan data. The techniques are based on a multi-scale Hough transform and a tree representation of the environment's features. The multi-scale representation can lead to improved robustness and computational efficiencies in basic operations, such as matching and correspondence, that commonly arise in many localization and mapping procedures. For multi-scale matching and correspondence we introduce a chi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> criterion that is calculated from the estimated variance in position of each detected line segment or point. This improved correspondence method can be used as the basis for simple scan-matching displacement estimation, as a part of a SLAM implementation, or as the basis for solutions to the kidnapped robot problem. Experimental results (using a Sick LMS-200 range scanner) show the effectiveness of our methods
<i>In Vitro</i>Biosynthesis of a Decasaccharide Prototype of Multiply Branched Polylactosaminoglycan Backbones (1997)

Multiply branched polylactosaminoglycans are expressed in glycoproteins and glycolipids of many cells. Interest in their biology stems from their abundant expression in early embryonal cells and from their ability to carry multiple lectin-binding determinants, which makes them prominent ligands and antagonists of cell adhesion proteins. A prototype of their backbones is represented by the decasaccharide LacNAc beta1-3'(LacNAc beta1-6')LacNAc beta1-3'(LacNAc beta1-6')LacNAc (5), where LacNAc is the disaccharide Gal beta1-4GlcNAc. Here, we describe in vitro biosynthesis of glycan 5. Incubation of the linear hexasaccharide LacNAc beta1-3'LacNAc beta1-3'LacNAc (1) with UDP-GlcNAc and alpha midchain beta1,6-GlcNAc transferase activity (GlcNAc to Gal), present in rat serum [Gu, J., Nishikawa, A., Fujii, S., Gasa, S., & Taniguchi, N. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2994-2999], gave the doubly branched octasaccharide LacNAc beta1-3'(GlcNAc beta1-6')LacNAc beta1-3'(GlcNAc beta1-6')LacNAc (4). The latter was converted to 5 by enzymatic beta1,4-galactosylation. In the initial branching reaction of 1, two isomeric heptasaccharide intermediates, LacNAc beta1-3'LacNAc beta1-3'(GlcNAc beta1-6')LacNAc (2) and LacNAc beta1-3'(GlcNAc beta1-6')LacNAc beta1-3'LacNAc (3), were formed first at comparable rates. Later, both intermediates were converted to 4, revealing two distinct pathways of the reaction: 1 --> 2 --> 4 and 1 --> 3 --> 4. These data suggest that, regardless of their chain length, linear polylactosamines similar to 1 contain potential branching sites at each of the internal galactoses. The enzyme-binding epitope of 1 is probably LacNAc beta1-3'LacNAc, because the trisaccharides GlcNAc beta1-3'LacNAc and LacNAc beta1-3Gal as well as the tetrasaccharide GlcNAc beta1-3'LacNAc beta1-3Gal were poor acceptors, while LacNAc beta1-3'LacNAc was a good one. Midchain beta1,6-GlcNAc transferase activities present in serum of several mammalian species, including man, resembled closely the rat serum activity in their mode of action and in their acceptor specificity. We suggest that analogous membrane-bound Golgi enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of multiply branched polylactosamines in vivo.
Low complexity soft differential decoding of QPSK for forward error correction in coherent optic receivers (2010)

Coherent systems based on QPSK rely on differential encoding to avoid catastrophic error propagation. A simple solution for soft differential decoding is presented that limits the penalty after FEC to 0.75dB, similar to pre-FEC binary differential decoding.
Wholesale byte reversal of the outermost Ada record object to achieve endian independence for communicated data types (2005)

For years computer engineers have dealt with the problems associated with transfer of binary data between systems of different bit and byte order. Big-Endian (most significant first) vs. Little-Endian (least significant first). In this article, existing techniques are extended to develop a new, systematic method for coding Ada record component representations so that the same declaration may be used to define an input/output object of a communications link (or "flat" file) to achieve complete endian independence. The uniqueness of this approach is that rather than dealing with byte swapping at the lowest level where the fields of the most nested record components are defined, a single, simple byte-swap is done at the outermost level of the multi-field object. This technique works for multi-layered, nested records as well as for records with fields that consume partial, contiguous bytes. It is especially well suited for implementation where endian independence has not been anticipated in the design. The only special case is that of array components which require a simple pre/post fix-up. Some potential pitfalls and compiler issues are discussed.
Aproximación a los delitos de omisión en el ámbito jurídico del common law (2013)

La necesidad de buscar vias de aproximacion entre sistemas penales que vayan mas alla de la propia doctrina nacional de cada estado es un hecho innegable en la actualidad, especialmente entre dos culturas juridico-penales con tantas posibilidades comparativas como son el sistema penal anglosajon y el sistema penal continental de raigambre germanica. En este trabajo se presenta una descripcion sobre el estado actual de la cuestion de los delitos de omision en la tradicion juridico-penal anglosajona. Su exposicion pretende aportar unas minimas directrices sobre su fundamento, concepto, modalidades y rasgos evolutivos, encuadrando este estudio en el significado dado a esta institucion en la estructura de la teoria del delito propia del Common Law. Con esta finalidad, a lo largo del trabajo se ofrecera el marco de referencia para entender las particularidades de esta figura y las posibles vias de excepcion a la regla general del requerimiento de accion para apreciar la dimension externa de los hechos en que se concreta el actus reus.