gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The kinetics of CD4+Foxp3+ T cell accumulation during a human cutaneous antigen-specific memory response in vivo (2008)

Naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Tregs (nTregs) are highly proliferative in blood. However, the kinetics of their accumulation and proliferation during a localized antigen-specific T cell response is currently unknown. To explore this, we used a human experimental system whereby tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) was injected into the skin and the local T cell response analyzed over time. The numbers of both CD4(+)Foxp3(-) (memory) and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) (putative nTreg) T cells increased in parallel, with the 2 populations proliferating at the same relative rate. In contrast to CD4(+)Foxp3(-) T cell populations, skin CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells expressed typical Treg markers (i.e., they were CD25(hi), CD127(lo), CD27(+), and CD39(+)) and did not synthesize IL-2 or IFN-gamma after restimulation in vitro, indicating that they were not recently activated effector cells. To determine whether CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in skin could be induced from memory CD4(+) T cells, we expanded skin-derived memory CD4(+) T cells in vitro and anergized them. These cells expressed high levels of CD25 and Foxp3 and suppressed the proliferation of skin-derived responder T cells to PPD challenge. Our data therefore demonstrate that memory and CD4(+) Treg populations are regulated in tandem during a secondary antigenic response. Furthermore, it is possible to isolate effector CD4(+) T cell populations from inflamed tissues and manipulate them to generate Tregs with the potential to suppress inflammatory responses.
Cerebrovascular disease and late life depression: an age old association revisited (2000)

There is some evidence that cerebrovascular disease has an aetiopathological role in late life depression. The increased likelihood of damage to frontal/subcortical brain circuitry following stroke, transient ischaemia and hypertension may explain the high prevalence of depression in older people with vascular risk factors. More valid definitions of lesion location and the use of appropriately matched control groups would seek to clarify this issue. The extrapolation to care settings from the high prevalence of depression accompanying cerebrovascular disease and the prolongation of disability in depressed people with stroke, suggests closer liaison between old age psychiatrists, neurologists and physicians caring for the elderly.
Light Emission Spectroscopy from Metal Electrodes during Electrolysis (1999)

Light emission from the metal electrodes cathodically polarized at cell voltages up to 250 V was investigated in various aqueous electrolyte solutions. The light emission was observed when the temperature of electrodes exceeded the boiling temperature of the electrolyte due to the intense cathodic polarization: a thin vapor layer was formed at the metal/electrolyte interface in which a high electric field ionized vapor molecules to generate the plasma state. The light emission was caused by a glow discharge at relatively low cell voltages and by a spark discharge at high cell voltages. The spectra of the emitted light were assigned to the constituents of the electrolyte solution, electrode material and gaseous hydrogen evolved at the electrode.
Elaboration by Severe Plastic Deformation, Microstructural and Mechanical Study of Cu/X (X =Ta or Nb) Nanofilamentary Wires for Use in High Field Magnet (2006)

Nanofilamentary wires consisting of a Cu matrix reinforced by body centred cubic (bcc) nanofilaments were produced by successive hot extrusion and large strain drawing. Effects of this severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of two systems, Cu/Ta and Cu/Nb/Cu “co-cylindrical” structure, are presented and compared with the nanofilamentary Cu/Nb wires.
Vagus nerve stimulation in awake rats reduces formalin-induced nociceptive behaviour and fos-immunoreactivity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis (2002)

Besides its well-established efficacy in epilepsy, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may be of potential interest in pain treatment. It has, however, not yet been assessed in animal pain models with the devices and stimulation protocols used in humans. We have therefore studied in awake rats the effects of left cervical VNS on trigeminal nociception using an implantable electrode and stimulator (NCP-Cyberonics). VNS was applied for 24h at 2 mA intensity, 20 Hz frequency, 0.5 ms pulse width and a duty cycle of 20s ON/18s OFF. As a nociceptive stimulus, we injected formalin into the left mystacial vibrissae, assessed behaviour for 45 min and sacrificed the animals 45 min later. Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-Ir) neurons were counted in laminae I-II of trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) on both sides. We used three groups of control animals: VNS without formalin, formalin without VNS and sham VNS (implanted without stimulation or formalin). Whereas sham VNS had no significant effect, VNS alone increased Fos expression in ipsilateral TNC in addition to the expected increase in nucleus tractus solitarius. It also significantly attenuated the increase of Fos-Ir neurons observed in ipsilateral TNC laminae I-II after formalin injection. If the proper VNS effect on Fos-expression was subtracted, the reduction of formalin-induced nociceptor activation was 55%. VNS also reduced nociceptive behaviour on average by 96.1% during the early phase (0-6 min) and by 60.7% during the late phase (6-45 min) after the formalin injection. These results suggest that VNS applied with a device used in human therapy may have in awake rats a significant antinociceptive effect in a model of trigeminal pain.
Timing of CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling blockade is critical to improving responses to CTLA-4 based immunotherapy (2016)

Infiltration by immunosuppressive myeloid cells contributes to tumor immune escape and can render patients resistant or less responsive to therapeutic intervention with checkpoint blocking antibodies. Our data demonstrate that blocking CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling using a monoclonal antibody directed to CSF-1R can regulate both the number and function of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive myeloid cells. In addition, our findings suggest that reprogramming myeloid responses may be a key in effectively enhancing cancer immunotherapy, offering several new potential combination therapies for future clinical testing. More importantly for clinical trial design, the timing of these interventions is critical to achieving improved tumor protection.
High-level test generation for design verification of pipelined microprocessors (1999)

This paper addresses test generation for design verification of pipelined microprocessors. To handle the complexity of these designs, our algorithm integrates high-level treatment of the datapath with low-level treatment of the controller and employs a novel pipeframe organization that exploits high-level knowledge about the operation of pipelines. We have implemented the proposed algorithm and used it to generate verification tests for design errors in a representative pipelined microprocessor.
Simple algorithms for BCH decoding (1995)

Proposes some simple algorithms for decoding BCH codes. The authors show that the pruned FFT is an effective method for evaluating syndromes and for finding the roots of error-locator polynomials. They show that a simple variation of the basic Gaussian elimination procedure can be adapted to compute the error-locator polynomial efficiently for codes with small designed distance. Finally, they give a procedure for computing the error values that has half the complexity of the Forney algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of melatonin in upper gastrointestinal tract. (2007)

Melatonin, an indole formed enzymatically from L-tryptophan, is the most versatile and ubiquitous hormone molecule produced not only in all animals but also in some plants. This review focuses on the role of melatonin in upper portion of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and duodenum, where this indole is generated and released into the GIT lumen and into the portal circulation to be uptaken, metabolized by liver and released with bile into the duodenum. The biosynthetic steps of melatonin with two major rate limiting enzymes, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), transforming tryptophan to melatonin, originally identified in pinealocytes have been also detected in entero-endocrine (EE) cells of GIT wall, where this indole may act via endocrine, paracrine and/or luminal pathway through G-protein coupled receptors. Melatonin in GIT was shown to be generated in about 500 times larger amounts than it is produced in pineal gland. The production of melatonin by pineal gland shows circadian rhythm with high night-time peak, especially at younger age, followed by the fall during the day-light time. As a highly lipophilic substance, melatonin reaches all body cells within minutes, to serve as a convenient circadian timing signal for alteration of numerous body functions.. Following pinealectomy, the light/dark cycle of plasma melatonin levels disappears, while its day-time blood concentrations are attenuated but sustained mainly due to its release from the GIT. After oral application of tryptophan, the plasma melatonin increases in dose-dependent manner both in intact and pinealectomized animals, indicating that extrapineal sources such as GIT rather than pineal gland are the major producers of this indole. In the upper portion of GIT, melatonin exhibits a wide spectrum of activities such as circadian entrainment, free radicals scavenging activity, protection of mucosa against various irritants and healing of various GIT lesions such as stomatitis, esophagitis, gastritis and peptic ulcer. This review concentrates on the generation and pathophysiological implication of melatonin in upper GIT.
Imaging reporter genes for cell tracking with PET and SPECT. (2005)

Transplantation of cells into damaged tissue has tremendous therapeutic potential in a number of disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and myocardial infarction. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) are highly sensitive imaging modalities, which can detect and track these cellular implants through a number of mechanisms. The stable transfection of cells with a reporter gene, which can be visualized using a radioactive PET or SPECT reporter probe, allows the repeated visualization of the migration and function of cells. These imaging techniques can be used to assess cell trafficking with methods that are easily translatable to humans. This review describes several reporter genes for PET and SPECT, and compares them against other techniques and imaging modalities.
Alternating copolymer of butadiene and propylene. III (1972)

Abstract Alternating copolymerizations of butadiene with propylene and other olefins were investigated by using VO(acac) 2 –Et 3 Al–Et 2 AlCl system as catalyst. Butadiene–propylene copolymer with high degree of alternation was prepared with a monomer feed ratio (propylene/butadiene) of 4. Alternating copolymers of butadiene and other terminal olefins such as butene‐1, pentene‐1, dodecene‐1, and octadiene‐1,7 were also obtained. However, the butadiene–butene‐2 copolymerization did not yield an alternating copolymer but a trans ‐1,4‐polybutadiene.
Color deconvolution. Optimizing handling of 3D unitary optical density vectors with polar coordinates. (2012)

Utilization of polar OD(2D) eases statistical characterization of OD(3D) vectors: conditions of optimal sampling were demonstrated and various factors influencing OD(2D) stability were explored. Stereographic projection plane allows intuitive visualization of OD(3D) vectors as well as heuristic vectorial modification. All findings are not restricted to anatomical pathology but can be applied to bright field microscopy and subtractive color applications in general.
Integrated dielectrophoretic and surface plasmonic platform for million-fold improvement in the detection of fluorescent events (2017)

We present an integrated dielectrophoretic (DEP) and surface plasmonic technique to quantify ∼1 pM of fluorescent molecules in low conductivity buffers. We have established a DEP force on target molecules to bring those molecules and place them on the nanometallic structures (hotspots) for quantification through surface plasmonic effects. Our results show that the DEP is capable of placing the fluorescent molecules on the hotspots, which are depicted as a significant reduction in the fluorescence lifetime of those molecules. To efficiently integrate the DEP and plasmonic effects, we have designed and utilized pearl-shaped interdigitated electrodes (PIDEs) in experiments. These electrodes generate 2-3 times higher DEP force than traditional interdigitated electrodes. Therefore, high-throughput assays can be developed. The nanometallic structures were strategically fabricated in the periphery of PIDEs for smooth integration of DEP and plasmonic detection. With the introduction of DEP, about 10<sup>6</sup>-fold improvement was achieved over existing plasmonic-based detection. Therefore, this simple addition to the existing surface plasmonic-based detection will enable the disease related protein detection.
Understanding the asymmetrical thermoelectric performance for discovering promising thermoelectric materials (2019)

Thermoelectric modules, consisting of multiple pairs of n- and p-type legs, enable converting heat into electricity and vice versa. However, the thermoelectric performance is often asymmetrical, in that one type outperforms the other. In this paper, we identified the relationship between the asymmetrical thermoelectric performance and the weighted mobility ratio, a correlation that can help predict the thermoelectric performance of unreported materials. Here, a reasonably high <i>ZT</i> for the n-type ZrCoBi-based half-Heuslers is first predicted and then experimentally verified. A high peak <i>ZT</i> of ~1 at 973 K can be realized by ZrCo<sub>0.9</sub>Ni<sub>0.1</sub>Bi<sub>0.85</sub>Sb<sub>0.15</sub>. The measured heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency for the unicouple of ZrCoBi-based materials can be as high as ~10% at the cold-side temperature of ~303 K and at the hot-side temperature of ~983 K. Our work demonstrates that the ZrCoBi-based half-Heuslers are highly promising for the application of mid- and high-temperature thermoelectric power generation.
Design and analysis of asynchronous adders (1998)

An asynchronous adder can take advantage of the shorter carry propagation chains that occur in practice and exhibit a data-dependent computation delay. Basically, an asynchronous adder has a mechanism to announce early completion by detecting when it is done. Such an adder is extremely useful in asynchronous implementation of computing structures. In this paper we evaluate the designs tradeoffs of well-known asynchronous adder configurations based on ripple-carry and carry lookahead topologies. We show that, using complex gates, carry lookahead asynchronous adders can be realised that outperform ripple-carry asynchronous adders, both in average-case delay and worst-case delay without increasing the area and power consumption. The underlying timing assumptions and applications of the adder in asynchronous pipelines (micropipelines) are also discussed.
First-principles calculations of the stability and local structure of  -sialon ceramics on the line Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–½Ca<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>:3AlN (2004)

The atomic structures of calcium sialons CaxSi12-mAlmN16 (m = 0.5, 1, 2, 4) with the - or -Si3N4-type structure were calculated, using the ab initio DFT approach, including relaxations of both lattice parameters and positions of the atoms. For all m values the -Si3N4-type structure has a lower energy than the -type. For m = 1, 2 and 4 the -type structure is also stable against decomposition into the metal nitrides, in agreement with experimental data. For m = 0.5 stability becomes uncertain. Al ions prefer positions close to Ca. Rather strong structural relaxations occur around the Ca ion.
Impact of Intermittent Apnea on Myocardial Tissue Oxygenation—A Study Using Oxygenation-Sensitive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (2013)

Despite a drop in blood oxygen levels, myocardial oxygenation is maintained throughout long breath-holds and is linearly correlated with the parallel increase of arterial CO(2), a known coronary vasodilator. Breathing maneuvers in combination with oxygenation-sensitive CMR may be useful as a diagnostic test for coronary artery function.
Hepatitis C Virus Mediated Changes in miRNA-449a Modulates Inflammatory Biomarker YKL40 through Components of the NOTCH Signaling Pathway (2012)

Liver disease due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important health problem worldwide. HCV induced changes in microRNAs (miRNA) are shown to mediate inflammation leading to liver fibrosis. Gene expression analyses identified dysregulation of miRNA-449a in HCV patients but not in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. By sequence analysis of the promoter for YKL40, an inflammatory marker upregulated in patients with chronic liver diseases with fibrosis, adjacent binding sites for nuclear factor of Kappa B/P65 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα) were identified. P65 interacted with CEBPα to co-operatively activate YKL40 expression through sequence specific DNA binding. In vitro analysis demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) mediated YKL40 expression is regulated by miRNA-449a and its target NOTCH1 in human hepatocytes.NOTCH1 facilitated nuclear localization of P65 in response to TNFα. Further, HCV patients demonstrated upregulation of NOTCH1 along with downregulation of miRNA-449a. Taken together it is demonstrated that miRNA-449a plays an important role in modulating expression of YKL40 through targeting the components of the NOTCH signaling pathway following HCV infection. Therefore, defining transcriptional regulatory mechanisms which control inflammatory responses and fibrosis will be important towards developing strategies to prevent hepatic fibrosis especially following HCV recurrence in liver transplant recipients.
The role of uncoupling proteins in the regulation of metabolism (2003)

Investigations of variations in metabolic efficiency and thermogenesis have a short and turbulent history. In small animals, non-shivering thermogenesis and diet-induced thermogenesis have a great impact on overall body weight, and the question is whether mechanisms to waste energy have evolved also in human energy metabolism. The candidate molecules for this adaptive thermogenesis are the uncoupling proteins. This is a newly discovered family of proteins, consisting of at least five proteins, namely UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, UCP4 and UCP5. Although a role for UCP1 in thermogenesis is unequivocal, the physiological function of the newer uncoupling proteins is as yet unclear. UCP1 is present in brown adipose tissue and has a well-documented role in cold-induced thermogenesis. The targeted disruption of the UCP1-gene rendered animals that were cold sensitive, but not obese. UCP2 mRNA has a ubiquitous distribution in tissue, namely, in skeletal muscle, white and brown adipose tissue, the gastro-intestinal tract, the lung and the spleen. By targeting the UCP2-gene there was no effect on whole body energy metabolism, but instead, a reduced ability to protect against free-radical oxygen species. UCP2 has also been shown to act as a negative regulator for insulin secretion. UCP3 is present in skeletal muscle. Targeted disruption of the UCP3-gene gave no effect on whole body energy metabolism, but showed the mitochondria in muscle to be more coupled. In conclusion, the uncoupling proteins may be important in various specific ways, as protectors of free radical oxygen species and as regulators of ATP-dependent processes.
Adsorption of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on Silica (2001)

In this work, the adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide on silica have been measured with a gravimetric method at nine different temperature values (from 312 up to 466 K) and at pressure levels up to 366 bar. The adopted technique allows for a direct evaluation of the density that is measured simultaneously to the adsorption load, thus avoiding possible systematic errors arising from the use of an equation of state to calculate density from pressure and temperature data. The enthalpy changes related to the adsorption process have been obtained from a thermodynamic analysis based only on excess properties.
GaN double ifeterojunction field effect transistor for microwave and millimeterwave power applications (2005)

We report development of a novel AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction field effect tansistor (DHFET) with improved device performance over the conventional single heterojunction GaN FET (SHFET). The GaN DHFETs with low Al content Al/sub 0.04/Ga/sub 0.96/N buffer layer exhibit three orders of magnitude lower subthreshold drain leakage current and almost three orders of magnitude higher buffer isolation than corresponding SHFET devices (600 M/spl Omega//sq. vs. 1 M/spl Omega//sq.). In GaN DHFET's with 0.15 /spl mu/m conventional T-gates we observed 30% improvement in saturated power density and 10% improvement in PAE at 10 GHz over a corresponding SHFET device.
Susceptibility of the human retrovirus XMRV to antiretroviral inhibitors (2010)

Our analysis demonstrates that XMRV exhibits a distinct pattern of nucleoside analog susceptibility that correlates with the structure of the pseudosugar moiety and that XMRV is sensitive to a broader range of antiretroviral drugs than has previously been reported. We suggest that the divergent drug sensitivity profiles of XMRV and HIV-1 are partially explained by specific amino acid differences in their respective protease, RT and integrase sequences. Our data provide a basis for choosing specific antiretroviral drugs for clinical studies in XMRV-infected patients.
High-speed GaAs operational amplifier (1987)

An operational amplifier has been designed and fabricated using GaAs MESFETs. This amplifier is a general-purpose monolithic GaAs op amp designed as as a stand-alone component. The amplifier has a differential input, an open-loop gain in excess of 60 dB, and is internally compensated. The high open-loop gain (60 dB at 100 kHz) was achieved by using gain stages with positive feedback. The op amp incorporates a current-mirror level-shifting stage which allows the op amp to operate over a wide power-supply range (/spl plusmn/5-9 V). Previous designs have diodes to achieve level shifting, a practice that precludes operation over a wide supply range. This op amp is a true analog to its silicon counterparts, but it has a higher gain-bandwidth product.
Algorithm For Bleeding Determination Based On Object Recognition And Local Color Features In Capsule Endoscopy (2013)

Automatic determination of blood in less bright or noisy capsule endoscopic images is difficult due to low S/N ratio. Especially it may not be accurate to analyze these images due to the influence of external disturbance. Therefore, we proposed detection methods that are not dependent only on color bands. In locating bleeding regions, the identification of object outlines in the frame and features of their local colors were taken into consideration. The results showed that the capability of detecting bleeding was much improved.