gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coping with complexity: service specification for a network services testbed (2003)

The authors discuss their efforts to control the complexity of service specification in the modular integrated communications environment (MICE), a rapid prototyping system for network services. In MICE, services are defined in interpretively-executed fine-state logic tables. They describe attempts to reduce the complexity of service logic specification in MICE by means of a graphical structure editor and an icon-based, direct manipulation graphic interface. They conclude that while improved programmer interfaces can reduce the accidental complexity of service specification, rapid prototyping itself facilitates early understanding of those essential problems that can only be discovered through experience.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectrochemical Measurements with Multichannel Integrating Detectors (1987)

This is the second article in a two-part series describing the operation, performance characteristics, and spectroscopic application of charge transfer devices (CTDs) in analytical chemistry. The first article in the series describes the new generation of integrating multichannel detectors, the charge injection device (CID), and the charge-coupled device (CCD). The first article also discusses the spectroscopically pertinent characteristics of these detectors and presents performance data for representative devices. This article covers three major topics related to the optimum use of integrating detectors in analytical spectroscopy. The advantages of employing integrating multichannel detectors in analytical spectroscopy, rather than a single detector in a wavelength scanning system or an interferometer, are discussed. Included are detector read noise considerations which have not been considered in previous performance comparisons. When one is employing an integrating detector in luminescence, absorption, and emission applications, achievable sensitivity is dependent on differing detector parameters. In the first case, quantum efficiency and read noise are of the greatest importance, whereas in the later two cases, dynamic range is most significant. The calculation of minimum detectable analyte signal for these three techniques illustrates the differences between integrating detectors and detectors which produce a photocurrent. This discussion also illustrates the great sensitivity that can be achieved with a modern CTD detector. Factors pertaining to the optical design of spectrometers which efficiently use CTDs are presented, along with examples of linear and two-dimensional dispersive polychromators employing CTDs. Low-light-level imaging and a nonconventional method of using a CCD for rapid scanning spectrophotometry are also discussed.
The Effect of Periodic Mixing on the Preservation of 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) Levels in Stored Blood (1973)

Abstract Blood from six donors was stored in two experimental blood preservatives, CPD-adenine-sodium ascorbate and bicarbonate-adenine-glucose-phosphate-mannitol. Control aliquots were stored in CPD-adenine and ACD-adenine preservatives. Half of each donor’s blood was stored without mixing and half was mixed vigororously 5 days each week. Glucose, ATP, and 2,3-DPG levels were measured at various times during storage in both the mixed and unmixed bags. Mixed bags maintained higher levels of glucose, ATP, and 2,3-DPG throughout storage. Frequent mixing was shown to be essential for the maintenance of 2,3-DPG with these preservatives.
Dynamic visual motion estimation from subspace constraints (2002)

The problem of estimating rigid motion from projections may be characterized using a nonlinear dynamical system, composed of the rigid motion constraint and the perspective map. The time derivative of the output of such a system, which is called the "motion field" and approximated by the "optical flow", is bilinear in the motion parameters, and may be used to specify a subspace constraint on either the direction of translation or the inverse depth of the observed points. Estimating motion may then be formulated as an optimization task constrained on such a subspace. We pose the optimization problem in a system theoretic framework as the the identification of a nonlinear implicit dynamical system with parameters on a differentiable manifold, and use techniques which pertain to nonlinear estimation and identification theory to perform the optimization task in a principled manner. The application of a general method presented in by Soatto et al. (see 33rd. IEEE conf. on Decision and Control, 1994) results in a recursive and pseudo-optimal solution of the visual motion estimation problem, which has robustness properties far superior to other existing techniques we have implemented. Experiments on real and synthetic image sequences show very promising results in terms of robustness, accuracy and computational efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase tunable multilevel diffractive optical element based single laser exposure fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystal templates (2007)

The fabrication of diamond-like three-dimensional photonic crystal templates using a single laser exposure through a diffractive optical element has been demonstrated. An orthogonal combination of two linear phasemasks was used to define a two-dimensional diffractive optical element of multiple phase levels. By adjusting the gap between two phasemasks, a variable phase shift is shown by theory and demonstrated experimentally to control the interlacing position of two orthogonally rotated periodic structures. The transition of formation of diamond-like woodpile structures having tetragonal symmetry to structures having body-centered-tetragonal symmetry and variations in between has been demonstrated.
Picosecond carrier dynamics and laser action in optically pumped buried heterostructure lasers (1982)

We report the observation of picosecond optical pulses and unusual pulse structures from optically pumped buried heterostructure semiconductor lasers. A model which considers the hot electron and hole energy distributions dynamically accounts well for our experimental findings. The results are relevant to the problem of the limiting response time of semiconductor lasers.
LDPC codes for robust transmission of images over wireless channels (2001)

We propose a novel scheme based on low density parity check (LDPC) codes for channel coding in a robust wireless image transmission system. These codes, which have received intense research attention recently, can achieve reliable transmission at rates approaching the channel capacity. Moreover, they offer an implementation advantage over turbo codes in terms of decoder complexity. To minimize latency in image reception, we consider the case where the image has been source coded using baseline JPEG. An additional level of unequal error protection is provided by applying Reed-Solomon codes to the JPEG header and marker segments. Finally, we present examples and simulation results that characterize the system performance for SNR per bit ranging from 1.6 to 2.1 dB.
Somatic Mutations and Altered Expression of the Candidate Tumor Suppressors <b> <i>CSNK1ε</i> </b> , <b> <i>DLG1</i> </b> , and <b> <i>EDD/hHYD</i> </b> in Mammary Ductal Carcinoma (2004)

We report somatic mutations in three genes (CSNK1 epsilon, encoding the Ser/Thr kinase casein kinase I epsilon; DLG1, encoding a membrane-associated putative scaffolding protein; and EDD/hHYD, encoding a progestin induced putative ubiquitin-protein ligase) in mammary ductal carcinoma. These genes were suspected of playing a role in cancer because loss-of-function mutations in their Drosophila homologues cause excess tissue growth. Using DNA from 82 laser-microdissected tumor samples, followed by microsatellite analysis, denaturing HPLC and direct sequencing, we found multiple somatic point mutations in all three genes, and these mutations showed significant association with loss of heterozygosity of closely linked polymorphic microsatellite markers. For CSNK1 epsilon and DLG1, most of the mutations affected highly conserved residues, some were found repetitively in different patients, and no synonymous mutations were found, indicating that the observed mutations were selected in tumors and may be functionally significant. Immunohistochemical reactivity of each protein was reduced in poorly differentiated tumors, and there was a positive association between altered protein reactivity, loss of heterozygosity, and somatic mutations. There was a statistically significant association of hDlg staining with p53 and Ki67 reactivity, whereas CSK1 epsilon and EDD/hHYD staining levels were associated with progesterone receptor status. The results provide strong indications for a role of all three genes in mammary ductal carcinoma. They also justify additional studies of the functional significance of the changes, as well as a search for additional changes in these and other genes identified from studies on model systems.
Fluorocarbocyclic nucleosides: synthesis and antiviral activity of 2'- and 6'-fluorocarbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosines (1991)

A series of four isomeric 2'- and 6'-fluorocarbocyclic guanosine analogues have been prepared and evaluated as potential anti-herpes agents. The racemic 2' beta-fluoro isomer 2-amino-1,9-dihydro- 9-[(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 beta, 4 alpha)-2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4- (hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-6H-purin-6-one (11a, C-AFG) and its 2' alpha-fluoro epimer 11b plus the chiral 6' beta-fluoro isomer 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[[1S-(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 4 beta)]- 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-6H-purine-6-one (11c) and its 6' alpha-fluoro epimer 11d were prepared from their respective fluoro amino diol hydrochlorides (6a,d). For comparison, the furanosyl compound 9-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)guanine (17, AFG) was prepared by coupling 2-amino-6-chloropurine with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-alpha- D-arabinofuranosyl bromide followed by base hydrolysis. The 6' alpha-fluoro derivative 11d exhibited comparable activity to that of acyclovir (ACV) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro but was greater than 30-fold more active than ACV against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vivo in the mouse systemic model. The 2' beta-fluoro derivative (11a, C-AFG) was extremely potent in vitro against HSV-1 and HSV-2 (ID50 0.006 and 0.05 micrograms/mL) and in vivo it was greater than 2 orders of magnitude more potent than ACV against HSV-1 and 70-fold more potent against HSV-2. The 2' alpha-fluoro 11b and 6' beta-fluoro 11c isomers were much less active.
Mitochondria-Derived Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Neurodegeneration (2017)

Inflammation is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathology. As no acquired pathogen appears to drive this inflammation, the question of what does remains. Recent advances indicate damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, which are released by injured and dying cells, can cause specific inflammatory cascades. Inflammation, therefore, can be endogenously induced. Mitochondrial components induce inflammatory responses in several pathological conditions. Due to evidence such as this, a number of mitochondrial components, including mitochondrial DNA, have been labeled as DAMP molecules. In this review, we consider the contributions of mitochondrial-derived DAMPs to inflammation observed in neurodegenerative diseases.
An Aqueous Redox‐Flow Battery with High Capacity and Power: The TEMPTMA/MV System (2016)

Redox-flow batteries (RFB) can easily store large amounts of electric energy and thereby mitigate the fluctuating output of renewable power plants. They are widely discussed as energy-storage solutions for wind and solar farms to improve the stability of the electrical grid. Most common RFB concepts are based on strongly acidic metal-salt solutions or poorly performing organics. Herein we present a battery which employs the highly soluble N,N,N-2,2,6,6-heptamethylpiperidinyl oxy-4-ammonium chloride (TEMPTMA) and the viologen derivative N,N'-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium dichloride (MV) in a simple and safe aqueous solution as redox-active materials. The resulting battery using these electrolyte solutions has capacities of 54 Ah L<sup>-1</sup> , giving a total energy density of 38 Wh L<sup>-1</sup> at a cell voltage of 1.4 V. With peak current densities of up to 200 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> the TEMPTMA/MV system is a suitable candidate for compact high-capacity and high-power applications.
An in-depth comparison of subgraph isomorphism algorithms in graph databases (2012)

Finding subgraph isomorphisms is an important problem in many applications which deal with data modeled as graphs. While this problem is NP-hard, in recent years, many algorithms have been proposed to solve it in a reasonable time for real datasets using different join orders, pruning rules, and auxiliary neighborhood information. However, since they have not been empirically compared one another in most research work, it is not clear whether the later work outperforms the earlier work. Another problem is that reported comparisons were often done using the original authors' binaries which were written in different programming environments. In this paper, we address these serious problems by re-implementing five state-of-the-art subgraph isomorphism algorithms in a common code base and by comparing them using many real-world datasets and their query loads. Through our in-depth analysis of experimental results, we report surprising empirical findings.
Generic Acceptance Test Strategy for Mobile Robots' Navigation Algorithms: Applied in a Health Care Environment (2016)

The market for mobile robots supporting the work in non-industrial environments is increasing. Mobile robots are sold to millions of households and reached a reliability recommending them for professional environments as eHealth environments. Robots of today might not be designed for such demanding areas, but they evolve in this direction. For nontechnical users there is no advice available how they can test robots for their environment. Former studies indicated some areas which might be important to be tested, but at the end no concrete strategy to derive test cases or scenarios have been provided. A concrete generic test strategy is developed, starting with the advices derived from a literature study. The derived generic test strategy was then evaluated by using it for a concrete scenario. We used one of the most reliable household robots, the Roomba from iRobot for a challenging hospital environment. The evaluation showed that there is a high risk to miss out critical situations and that a generic test strategy could guide teams through an adequate definition of test scenarios.
Identification of a novel aminonucleoside produced by Enterobacter sp. as 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine. (1976)

A novel guanosine analog, aminonucleoside antibiotics (2AG), produced by Enterobacter sp., was identified as 9-(2'-amino-2'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-guanine (2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine) by proton magnetic resonance and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 2AG and acetylated 2AG, and also by the comparison of the aminosugar obtained by hydrolysis of 2AG with 2-amino-2-deoxypentoses appeared in the literatures. This is the first report on the occurrence of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-ribose in nature.
The hydrolysis of titanium tetraethoxide (1955)

D. C. Bradley, R. Gaze and W. Wardlaw, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 721 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550000721
Use of a skin test assay to determine tumor‐specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell reactivity (1994)

Abstract We have observed delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in immunized mice challenged subcutaneously with class I‐binding peptides related to rejection antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes on mutagenized (tum − ) variants of mastocytoma P815. As observed by skin test in virally infected mice challenged with viral peptides, the intrafootpad injection of tum − peptides resulted in a dose‐dependent DTH that peaked at approximately 24 h. The response was mediated by CD8 + cells and could be induced by previous vaccination of mice with live tumor cells, intrasplenic deposition of the eliciting peptide, or adoptive transfer with peptide‐pulsed syngeneic dendritic cells. These sensitization procedures resulted in an immunologically specific footpad reaction detectable for up to 2–6 months after priming. The evaluation by DTH in cancer patients of long‐lived CD8 + anti‐tumor T cell responses following local challenge with tumor‐specific peptides may be of great interest in human immunotherapy trials involving immunization against identified tumor antigens.
Routing impact in highly dynamic mesh networks of RF and FSO links (2009)

Applications such as situational awareness are becoming more prevalent in highly dynamic tactical mesh networks and are placing high demand on existing RF network capacity. These applications require high aggregate data capacity but have some flexibility in packet by packet latency. Combined radio frequency and free space optical communication within a heavily scintillated atmospheric path behaves as an RF link augmented by an optical link. Such link scenarios are found in near-Earth paths within a network where high link availability is required but the aggregate data rate, although high, is flexible and has a dynamic range much wider than seen in traditional terrestrial networks. In a hybrid RF/FSO mobile network, a high data rate free space optical transmission provides a "link of opportunity" that supplements the RF, since atmospheric turbulence dominates link performance and drives the routing path selection criteria. This paper describes a characterization of a hybrid RF/FSO link that presents two paths of significantly different capacities to the router. Atmospheric turbulence is emulated on the FSO link in order to demonstrate the current challenges in using these links in tactical environments and we identify the optimizations required at the routing layer to take advantage of the very high aggregate mesh capacity in a network of combined RF and optical link paths.
Investigations of the Reversion of Vulcanized Rubber under Heat (1952)

Abstract (1) During reversion of a vulcanizate, the breakdown of cross-linkages, including those of polysulfides, predominates over any simultaneous reformation of cross-linkages. (2) The reverting modulus falls exponentially with time. (3) The calculated molar free energy of activation is 33.3 ± 1.7 kcal., irrespective of the temperature or the atmosphere of cure or the composition of the mix, and is sufficient to rupture an —S—S— bond. (4) The degree of cross-linking, estimated from the equilibrium swelling measurements in benzene, falls during reversion. (5) The exclusion of oxygen during curing does not prevent reversion if the temperature is high enough to supply the energy needed to break up the cross-linkages. (6) During reversion in nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide is freely evolved, and the C/H ratio rises above the value for C 5 H 8 . (7) Evidence for the formation and breakdown of polysulfides during reversion is provided by an increase in free sulfur and a decrease in combined sulfur during a given cure, and the methyl iodide reaction of the reverted vulcanizates.
Automated generation of non-verbal behavior for virtual embodied characters (2007)

In this paper we introduce a system that automatically adds different types of non-verbal behavior to a given dialogue script between two virtual embodied agents. It allows us to transform a dialogue in text format into an agent behavior script enriched by eye gaze and conversational gesture behavior. The agents' gaze behavior is informed by theories of human face-to-face gaze behavior. Gestures are generated based on the analysis of linguistic and contextual information of the input text. The resulting annotated dialogue script is then transformed into the Multimodal Presentation Markup Language for 3D agents (MPML3D), which controls the multi-modal behavior of animated life-like agents, including facial and body animation and synthetic speech. Using our system makes it very easy to add appropriate non-verbal behavior to a given dialogue text, a task that would otherwise be very cumbersome and time consuming.
Magnesium Pemoline: Enhancement of Learning and Memory of a Conditioned Avoidance Response (1966)

Magnesium pemoline, a mild stimulant of the central nervous system, enhances the acquisition and retention of a conditioned avoidance response in rats. Methamphetamine and methylphenidate do not have this effect.
First Synthesis of Alkylthio-Substituted 4,4‘-Biphenoquinones and 4,4‘-Biphenohydroquinones (4,4‘-Biphenyldiols) (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTFirst Synthesis of Alkylthio-Substituted 4,4'-Biphenoquinones and 4,4'-Biphenohydroquinones (4,4'-Biphenyldiols)Yasushi Morita, Atsushi Kashiwagi, and Kazuhiro NakasujiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, JapanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 21, 7464–7468Publication Date (Web):October 17, 1997Publication History Received4 November 1996Revised7 July 1997Published online17 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo962058vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo962058vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views800Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Oxidation reactions,Reaction products,Substituents Get e-Alerts