gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain Nissle 1917 Ameliorates Experimental Colitis via Toll-Like Receptor 2- and Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Pathways (2006)

ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system that trigger antimicrobial host defense responses. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle strain 1917 in experimental colitis induced in TLR-2 and TLR-4 knockout mice. Colitis was induced in wild-type (wt), TLR-2 knockout, and TLR-4 knockout mice via administration of 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Mice were treated with either 0.9% NaCl or 10 7 E. coli Nissle 1917 twice daily, followed by the determination of disease activity, mucosal damage, and cytokine secretion. wt and TLR-2 knockout mice exposed to DSS developed acute colitis, whereas TLR-4 knockout mice developed significantly less inflammation. In wt mice, but not TLR-2 or TLR-4 knockout mice, E. coli Nissle 1917 ameliorated colitis and decreased proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In TLR-2 knockout mice a selective reduction of gamma interferon secretion was observed after E. coli Nissle 1917 treatment. In TLR-4 knockout mice, cytokine secretion was almost undetectable and not modulated by E. coli Nissle 1917, indicating that TLR-4 knockout mice do not develop colitis similar to the wt mice. Coculture of E. coli Nissle 1917 and human T cells increased TLR-2 and TLR-4 protein expression in T cells and increased NF-κB activity via TLR-2 and TLR-4. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that E. coli Nissle 1917 ameliorates experimental induced colitis in mice via TLR-2- and TLR-4-dependent pathways.
Optical measurement of cell-to-cell coupling in intact heart using subthreshold electrical stimulation (2001)

Electrical coupling between myocytes plays a critical role in propagation, repolarization, and arrhythmias. On the basis of predictions from cable theory, we hypothesized that the cardiac space constant (lambda) measured from the decay of subthreshold transmembrane potential (ST-Vm) in space would provide an index of regional cell-to-cell coupling in the intact heart. With the use of voltage-sensitive dyes, the distribution of ST-Vm was measured from hundreds of sites in close proximity to the site of subthreshold stimulation. lambda was calculated from the exponential decay of ST-Vm in space. Consistent with known directional differences in axial resistance, the spatial distribution of ST-Vm was strongly dependent on fiber orientation, because lambda was significantly (P < 0.001) longer along (1.5 +/- 0.1 mm) compared with across (0.8 +/- 0.1 mm) fibers. There was a close linear relationship (P < 0.001) between conduction velocity (CV) and lambda along all fiber angles tested. Reducing gap junctional conductance by heptanol reversibly decreased CV and lambda in parallel by approximately 50%. In contrast, sodium channel blockade by flecainide slowed CV by 40% but had no effect on lambda, reaffirming that lambda was an index of passive but not active membrane properties. These data establish the feasibility of measuring lambda as an index of cell-to-cell coupling in the intact heart, and indicate strong dependency of lambda on fiber orientation and pharmacological alterations of gap junction conductance.
A Structural Determinant That Renders Gαi Sensitive to Activation by GIV/Girdin Is Required to Promote Cell Migration (2010)

Although several non-receptor activators of heterotrimeric G proteins have been identified, the structural features of G proteins that determine their interaction with such activators and the subsequent biological effects are poorly understood. Here we investigated the structural determinants in G alpha(i3) necessary for its regulation by GIV/girdin, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates G alpha(i) subunits. Using G protein activity and in vitro pulldown assays we demonstrate that G alpha(i3) is a better substrate for GIV than the highly homologous G alpha(o). We identified Trp-258 in the G alpha(i) subunit as a novel structural determinant for GIV binding by comparing GIV binding to G alpha(i3)/G alpha(o) chimeras. Mutation of Trp-258 to the corresponding Phe in G alpha(o) decreased GIV binding in vitro and in cultured cells but did not perturb interaction with other G alpha-binding partners, i.e. G betagamma, AGS3 (a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor), GAIP/RGS19 (a GTPase-activating protein), and LPAR1 (a G protein-coupled receptor). Activation of G alpha(i3) by GIV was also dramatically reduced when Trp-258 was replaced with Tyr, Leu, Ser, His, Asp, or Ala, highlighting that Trp is required for maximal activation. Moreover, when mutant G alpha(i3) W258F was expressed in HeLa cells they failed to undergo cell migration and to enhance Akt signaling after growth factor or G protein-coupled receptor stimulation. Thus activation of G alpha(i3) by GIV is essential for biological functions associated with G alpha(i3) activation. In conclusion, we have discovered a novel structural determinant on G alpha(i) that plays a key role in defining the selectivity and efficiency of the GEF activity of GIV on G alpha(i) and that represents an attractive target site for designing small molecules to disrupt the G alpha(i)-GIV interface for therapeutic purposes.
Optical Pickup using Integrated Optical Unit for Blu-ray Disc (2006)

This paper reports the developed optical pickup for blu-ray disc which uses the integrated optical unit to detect the spherical aberration error signal. This study has obtained the prospect of the high efficiency for detection using the segmented wave plate by the photonic crystal structure
On similarity-based queries for time series data (1999)

Studies similarity queries for time series data, where similarity is defined in terms of a set of linear transformations on the Fourier series representation of a sequence. We have shown in an earlier work that this set of transformations is rich enough to formulate operations such as moving average and time scaling. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for processing queries that define similarity in terms of multiple transformations instead of a single one. The idea is, instead of searching the index multiple times and each time applying a single transformation, to search the index only once and apply a collection of transformations simultaneously to the index. Our experimental results on both synthetic and real data show that the new algorithm for simultaneously processing multiple transformations is much faster than sequential scanning or index traversal using one transformation at a time. We also examine the possibility of composing transformations in a query or of rewriting a query expression such that the resulting query can be efficiently evaluated.
Evaluating synthesis gas based biomass to plastics (BTP) technologies (2005)

Current efforts to mitigate climate change use renewable resources and reduce waste, drive the development of new processes. In this study we examine the technologies for conversion of biomass to conventional polymers such as polyolefins. Such process routes, based on gasification and syngas production, are potentially technically feasible, since all process units are currently either commercially available or in the pilot plant phase. In the study their economic and environmental feasibility are evaluated.We evaluate the environmental attractiveness of this emerging technology using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Economic evaluation is performed by combining and adapting existing financial data which could be further on being coupled with the LCA model. The expected out-comes of the study are the environmental and economic assessments as such, but also a contribution to the on-going efforts to integrate LCA with economic tools. We also expect to contribute to methodology development through the collection and documentation of experience from environmental assessments of new, emerging technologies.
Robust Appearance Based Visual Route Following for Navigation in Large-scale Outdoor Environments (2009)

In this paper we present a navigation algorithm that enables mobile robots to retrace routes previously taught under the control of human operators in outdoor environments. Possible applications include robot couriers, autonomous vehicles, tour guides and robotic patrols. The appearance-based approach presented in the paper is provably convergent, computationally inexpensive compared with map-based approaches and requires only odometry and a monocular omnidirectional vision sensor. A sequence of reference images is recorded during the human-guided route-teaching phase. Before starting the autonomous phase, the robot needs to be positioned at the beginning of the route. During the autonomous phase, the measurement image is compared with reference images using image cross-correlation performed in the Fourier domain to recover the difference in relative orientation. Route following is achieved by compensating for this orientation difference. Over 18 km of experiments performed under varying conditions demonstrate the algorithm's robustness to lighting variations and partial occlusion. Obstacle avoidance is not included in the current system.
Molecular characterization and genetic diversity in an avocado collection of cultivars and local Spanish genotypes using SSRs (2007)

In this work, 75 avocado accessions maintained in an ex situ germplasm collection at the E.E. la Mayora in Málaga (Spain) were characterized with 16 microsatellites previously developed in this species. This avocado collection includes both local Spanish genotypes obtained through prospection and genotypes obtained by exchange with different countries. A total of 156 different amplification fragments were detected ranging from 4 to 16 per locus with an average of 9.75 alleles per locus. All the microsatellites were highly informative with an expected heterozygosity higher than 0.5 and a probability of identity below 0.36. The total probability of identity was 2.85x10(-14). Fifteen of the 16 loci studied showed a positive Wright's fixation index (F) indicating a deficit of heterozygotes with an average over all the SSRs of 0.18. A dendrogram was generated using UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages) based on the Nei and Li similarity index. This dendrogram classified most of the genotypes analyzed into three major groups which mainly differed in racial origin although with low bootstrap support probably due to the presence of many interracial hybrids in the collection. All the genotypes studied could be unequivocally distinguished with the combination of SSRs used except some putative mutations of 'Hass' and an additional group of two cultivars. The results obtained indicate that the set of SSRs used is highly informative and are discussed in terms of their implications for avocado germplasm characterization and management.
A Novel Series-Fed Taper Antenna Array Design (2008)

To improve the performance of microstrip antenna array, a matching-in-step (MIS) configuration of microstrip series-fed taper array is designed. Compared to the traditional one, the novel antenna array has a better VSWR characteristic. The design procedure of the MIS antenna array is discussed in detail, and some valuable results are acquired. Numerical results are obtained and a very good agreement is observed between experimental and simulated results of such arrays.
Performance evaluation of a decoded instruction cache for variable instruction length computers (1994)

A Decoded INstruction Cache (DINC) is a buffer between the instruction decoder and other instruction pipeline stages. In this paper, we explain how techniques that reduce the branch penalty on a DINC, can improve CPU performance. We also analyze the impact of some of the design parameters of DINC's on variable instruction length computers. Our study indicates that tuning the mapping of the instructions into the cache can improve performance substantially. Tuning must be based on the instruction length distribution for a specific architecture. In addition, the associativity degree has a greater effect on the DINC's performance than on the performance of regular caches. We discuss the difference between the performance of DINC's and other caches, when longer cache lines are used. We present a model to estimate the miss rate based on its characteristics, that are discussed and analyzed throughout this paper. Our conclusions are based on both analytical study and trace driven simulations of several integer UNIX applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient classification and codebook design for CVQ (1996)

An efficient block classification and a new codebook design algorithms for classified vector quantisation (CVQ) are presented. The classification method is particularly simple and suited for hardware or software implementation. For each nonshade block, a local threshold is computed and used to binarise the block. The binary block is then compared with a predefined set of binary edge templates to decide its nature. On the other hand, the codebook design algorithm generates the codevectors in a short time, while providing considerable computational savings. It only uses the AC energy of the training set vectors to produce the codebook and the AC energy of an input block for its encoding. Subsequently, the actual codebook does not have to be present at the transmitter end. Good quality images, as measured by subjective and objective measures, are produced at bit rates in the range 0.64–0.87 bits per pixel (bpp).
Synthesis of nanocrystalline diamond thin films from an Ar–CH4 microwave plasma (1998)

Nanocrystalline diamond thin films have been synthesized in an Ar–CH4 microwave discharge, without the addition of molecular hydrogen. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy characterizations show that the films consist of a pure crystalline diamond phase with very small grain sizes ranging from 3 to 20 nm. Atomic force microscopy analysis demonstrates that the surfaces of the nanocrystalline diamond films remain smooth independent of the film thicknesses. Furthermore, the reactant gas pressure, which strongly affects the concentration of C2 dimer in the Ar–CH4 plasma as well as the growth rate of the films, has been found to be a key parameter for the nanocrystalline diamond thin film depositions.
Engraftment of Cultured Human Hematopoietic Cells in Sheep (1998)

In an effort to expand human hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells in vitro, we cultured human CD34+c-kitlow bone marrow cells in suspension in the presence of KIT ligand, FLK2/FLT3 ligand, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and erythropoietin with or without IL-3 and tested their engrafting capabilities by injecting them into sheep fetuses. As markers for engraftment, we analyzed CD45+ cells and karyotypes of the colonies grown in methylcellulose culture. In three separate experiments, day-60 engraftment in the bone marrow was seen with both fresh cells and cells cultured in the presence or absence of IL-3. When fetuses were allowed to be born and analyzed for CD45+cells, no long-term engraftment was seen with cultured cells. We then pooled the CD45+ cells of the fetal samples and transplanted them into secondary recipient fetuses. Day-60 engraftment in the secondary recipients was again noted when transplantation in the primary recipients was initiated with fresh cells. There were 3 cases in which cultured cells showed signs of engraftment in the secondary recipients, but the remaining 24 cases showed no signs of engraftment. These data documented that suspension culture for 2 weeks of enriched adult human bone marrow cells can maintain short-term (2 months) engrafting cells, but may not maintain longer term engrafting cells. This sheep/human xenograft model may serve as an excellent method for the evaluation of the engraftment potential of in vitro-expanded cells.
Visual inspection of hydroelectric dams using an autonomous underwater vehicle (2010)

Abstract This paper presents an automated solution to the visual inspection problem of hydroelectric dams. A small autonomous underwater vehicle, controllable in four degrees of freedom (surge, sway, heave, and yaw), is used for autonomously exploring the wall of a dam. The robot is easily programmed using a mission control language. Missions are executed by an intelligent control architecture that guides the robot to follow a predefined path surveying the wall. During the mission, the robot gathers onboard navigation data synchronized with optical imagery, sonar, and absolute navigation data, obtained from a moored buoy equipped with an ultra‐short baseline system. After the mission, the images of the wall are used to build a photomosaic of the inspected area. First, image features are matched over the image sequence. Then, navigation data and interimage correspondences are optimized together using bundle adjustment techniques. Thus, a georeferenced globally aligned set of images is obtained. Finally, a blending algorithm is used to obtain smooth seam transitions among the different images that constitute the mosaic, compensating for light artifacts and improving the visual perception of the scene. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic stability assessment of plants regenerated from cryopreserved embryogenic tissues of Dioscorea bulbifera l. Using RAPD, biochemical and morphological analysis. (2003)

Embryogenic tissues of Dioscorea bulbifera were cryopreserved using the encapsulation-dehydration technique. Genetic stability of plants regenerated from cryopreserved embryogenic tissues was assessed using molecular, biochemical and morphological analysis. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 60 cryopreserved-derived and 20 in vitro grown (control) plantlets showed that 10 primers produced 62 clear reproducible DNA fragment profiles. The amplification products were monomorphic for all the plantlets except one. A total of 4960 DNA fragments were obtained from this study showing no variation in RAPD profiles. The diosgenin content of cryopreserved-derived plants, analyzed using HPLC, was similar to that of control plants. Morphology and the ability to form microtuber were also found to be unaltered in cryopreserved embryo-derived plantlets. Thus, the D. bulbifera plants regenerated from cryopreserved embryogenic tissues were genetically stable at the molecular, biochemical and morphological levels.
On the destruction limit of Si power diodes during reverse recovery with dynamic avalanche (2003)

The reverse recovery destruction limit of 3.3 kV fast recovery diodes was investigated by measurements and device simulations. Based on a good agreement between the measured destruction limit and current filamentation in simulations, it is proposed that the destruction is triggered by the onset of impact ionization at the n-n/sup +/ junction. The proposed destruction mode has significant similarities with previously described second breakdown at the static breakdown voltage. An approximate analytical model which was derived indicates that avalanche at the n-n/sup +/ junction should become unstable with a time constant on the order of nanoseconds, whereas dynamic avalanche at the p-n junction should be stable. Simulations and measurements show that the reverse recovery safe operating area depends on the n-base width. An approximate equation is proposed to determine the minimum n-base width required for a nondestructive reverse recovery with dynamic avalanche as a function of the reverse peak voltage.
Increased interleukin-6 in aqueous humor of neovascular glaucoma. (1999)

The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in aqueous humor increased spatially and temporally correlated with the grade of NVI in patients of NVG secondary to CRVO. The aqueous IL-6 increased in NVI and decreased after vessels regressed. It is possible that the significantly higher level of IL-6 was due to intraocular synthesis because of the minimal change in serum. The increased level of IL-6 may have a putative role along with other angiogenic factors in angiogenesis of NVG as a possible predictor of NVI.
Motorola's MC68HC11: Definition and Design of a VLSI Microprocessor (1984)

The MC68HC11 demonstrates Motorola's conviction that 8-bit devices still address a significant market; its design proves that 8-bit technology still offers ample technical challenge and opportunity for creativity.
Applied Machine Learning predictive analytics to SQL Injection Attack detection and prevention (2017)

The back-end database is pivotal to the storage of the massive size of big data Internet exchanges stemming from cloud-hosted web applications to Internet of Things (IoT) smart devices. Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection Attack (SQLIA) remains an intruder's exploit of choice on vulnerable web applications to pilfer confidential data from the database with potentially damaging consequences. The existing solutions of mostly signature approaches were all before the recent challenges of big data mining and at such lacks the functionality and ability to cope with new signatures concealed in web requests. An alternative Machine Learning (ML) predictive analytics provides a functional and scalable mining to big data in detection and prevention of SQLIA. Unfortunately, lack of availability of readymade robust corpus or data set with patterns and historical data items to train a classifier are issues well known in SQLIA research. In this paper, we explore the generation of data set containing extraction from known attack patterns including SQL tokens and symbols present at injection points. Also, as a test case, we build a web application that expects dictionary word list as vector variables to demonstrate massive quantities of learning data. The data set is pre-processed, labelled and feature hashing for supervised learning. The trained classifier to be deployed as a web service that is consumed in a custom dot NET application implementing a web proxy Application Programming Interface (API) to intercept and accurately predict SQLIA in web requests thereby preventing malicious web requests from reaching the protected back-end database. This paper demonstrates a full proof of concept implementation of an ML predictive analytics and deployment of resultant web service that accurately predicts and prevents SQLIA with empirical evaluations presented in Confusion Matrix (CM) and Receiver Operating Curve (ROC).
Multifrequency selective rf pulses for multislice MR imaging (1988)

A method is described for multislice imaging by means of rf pulses which contain a multifrequency excitation spectrum. These pulses label each slice by an individual signal phase and allow the separation of the signals from all the slices by subsequent add/subtract procedures. The image sensitivity corresponds to the total number of acquisitions. Sequences for the imaging of an arbitrary number of slices with a minimum number of experiments are described.
Synthesis of Crystalline Superlattices by Controlled Crystallization of Modulated Reactants (1995)

A series of crystalline superlattice compounds containing an integral number of intergrown transition metal-dichalcogenide layers was prepared through controlled crystallization of Ti/Se/Nb/Se superlattice reactants rather than through epitaxial growth. The component elemental-layer thicknesses and annealing sequence were chosen to favor interfacial nucleation of the component binary compounds. The layered reactants contracted in the c -axis direction during an initial low-temperature anneal as NbSe 2 and TiSe 2 crystallites nucleated and grew along the interfaces, kinetically trapping the desired superlattice structure. The c -axis domain size increased gradually as a function of annealing time and temperature, yielding high-quality c -axis-oriented TiSe 2 /NbSe 2 crystalline superlattices after annealing at 500°C. The large number of observed 00ℓ diffraction orders permitted the average crystal structure of the superlattice in the direction of the c axis to be determined through a Rietveld analysis.