gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Viscosity of Natural Gases (1966)

Abstract Experimental viscosity and density data of four natural gases are presented for temperatures from 100 to 340 F and pressures from 100 to 8,000 psia. A correlation is discussed and results reported. Introduction This investigation is one of several efforts by the authors to provide viscosity data for pure hydrocarbons and mixtures. Results of some pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures have been presented. Several predictive methods and correlations have also been reported. This paper presents the experimental viscosity and density data of four natural gases and confirms a correlation in a previous study. APPARATUS The viscometer was described previously. A bank of stainless steel pycnometers was included to determine density in conjunction with the viscosity measurements (Fig. 1). DATA AND MATERIALS The natural gases were furnished by the Atlantic Richfield Co. (Samples 1 and 2), the Continental Oil Co. (Sample 3) and the Pan American Petroleum Corp. (Sample 4). Table 1 shows the composition of these gases obtained by mass spectrometer analysis. The pure component viscosity data used in the correlation have been published. Experimental and calculated viscosity data for the natural gases are presented in Tables 2 through 5. CORRELATION Starling and Ellington have reported several semi-empirical expressions based to a certain extent on the theory of viscosity advanced by Born and Green. The final expression presented by Starling and Ellington is: (micropoise)= o exp[X(T) pY(T)]....... (1) Eq.1 was modified by Lee et al. to represent mixture and pure component data simultaneously. This equation has the form: ..........(2) where K= ..........(3) X= ..........(4) Y= ..........(5) Over the pressure and temperature range studied in this investigation, this equation represents the data on methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and four methane-n-butane mixtures with a standard deviation* of 1.89 per cent. Density data by Sage and Lacey were used to fit the equations. Eq. 2 gives reliable values of the viscosity of light hydrocarbons without prior knowledge of experimental viscosity values, but accurate density data must be available. Eq. 2 was used to predict viscosity values for the natural gases studied in this paper. The particular set of parameters contained in Eqs. 3 through 5 gave values that reproduced experimental data within 5 per cent. Needless to say, in using Eq. 2 better density values will give better viscosity results. However, those engineers who do not have accurate density values at hand or the time, or such facilities as a library. computer, etc. readily available, may feel uneasy in using Eq. 2. Therefore, the authors sought the easiest but by no means best density prediction method, which was reported by Kay 30 years ago. A set of density values, which were calculated based on Kay's method, and a generalized compressibility factor chart were used to fit Eq. 2. JPT P. 997ˆ
Learn XML In a Weekend (2002)

From the Publisher:
Unlike most books on the market, Learn XML In a Weekend is specific to using XML on Microsoft platforms thereby narrowing its focus and making it easier to become instantly productive. It focuses on using tools to create, edit, and transform the language and shows you how to use XML for Web site design and other real-world applications. Plus, you'll learn how to use XML with: ASP.NET, the Microsoft .NET framework, HTML, data binding, and the XML DOM based on Microsoft operating systems. The companion Web site contains the book's sample code, XML tools, information on installing the parser, and more!
Formation of InAs quantum dot arrays on GaAs (100) by self-organized anisotropic strain engineering of a (In,Ga)As superlattice template (2002)

We demonstrate the formation of well-defined InAs quantum dot (QD) arrays by self-organized engineering of anisotropic strain in a (In,Ga)As/GaAs superlattice (SL). Due to the accumulation and improvement of the uniformity of the strain-field modulation along [011], formation of InAs QD arrays along [0-11] with 140 nm lateral periodicity is clearly observed on the SL template when the number of SL periods is larger than ten. By enhancing the In adatom surface migration length at low growth rates, clear arrays of single InAs QDs are obtained. The QD arrays exhibit strong photoluminescence efficiency that is not reduced compared to that from InAs QD layers on GaAs. Hence, ordering by self-organized anisotropic strain engineering maintains the high structural quality of InAs QDs.
Thesis projects in magnetic amplifiers (1956)

DURING A MEETING of the Theory Subcommittee of the AIEE Magnetic Amplifier Committee, the discussion dwelt on the problem of acquainting college students with magnetic amplifiers. It was felt that students who wish to deepen their knowledge in this field find it often difficult to do so, because of an apparent lack of suitable thesis projects. To remove this difficulty and, thereby, stimulate interest in studying this subject, the subcommittee members suggested a number of thesis projects which are believed to have: 1. High-academic content. 2. Practical importance. 3. Good probability for finding solution.
Magnetic studies of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with oleic acid and Pluronic® block copolymer (2005)

We have prepared and studied iron-oxide nanoparticles coated with oleic acid (OA) and Pluronic® polymer. The mean diameter of the iron-oxide nanoparticles was 9.3(±)0.8nm. Saturation magnetization values measured at 10K varied from 66.1(±0.7)emu∕gto98.7(±0.5)emu∕g. At 300K the loops showed negligible coercive field. The peaks in zero-field-cooled susceptibility decreased from 280to168K with increasing OA concentration up to 10.6wt%, and remained nearly constant for higher concentrations. This suggests that incomplete coverage of the OA allows small, interacting agglomerates to form.
FPGA based front-end electronics for a high resolution PET scanner (2000)

A high resolution PET scanner requiring processing electronics for 936 block technology channels and just under sixty-thousand crystal elements has been developed. With the advances in flexibility, number of gates, lower costs and speed of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), an FPGA implementation of the front-end processing electronics was chosen over the traditional discrete logic or Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The FPGA architecture reduced the development time and risks compared to a mask-based ASIC architecture while keeping costs and electronics packing density comparable. The extensive use FPGAs enables much faster circuit realization and a very efficient logic utilization by allowing re-configuration of the electronics functionality to support system setup, self-diagnostics, and several calibration modes for detector setup. Logic realized within the FPGAs performs the crystal selection, energy qualification, time correction, depth of interaction determination, and event counting functions. Since the FPGAs are in-circuit re-configurable (ICR), the functionality of the electronics is easily modified to support the different modes of operation. Thus the development time is reduced as well as the amount of electronics required, saving board area, power consumption and costs.
Gender and Geographic Influence on the Racial Disparity in Bladder Cancer Mortality in the US (2005)

African Americans were diagnosed with more aggressive and more advanced tumors. Adjusted multivariable models demonstrated a survival advantage for Caucasians, with African-American race being an independent predictor of poor survival, especially when diagnosed in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Racial disparity continues to exist in bladder cancer presentation and survival in the US.
The inhibition by dexamethasone and disodium cromoglycate of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the rat (1972)

1. A method for the measurement of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the rat is described.2. Dexamethasone inhibited this response in a dose-related manner.3. Disodium cromoglycate antagonized the response. A bell-shaped dose-response curve was obtained with peak activity at 1 mg/kg i.v.4. Meclofenamate was not active when given alone or in combination with dexamethasone.5. Methysergide significantly inhibited the response. Mepyramine, atropine, propranolol and adrenalectomy did not significantly modify the response.6. The relationships of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the rat to anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig and to human asthma are discussed.
Precalibration of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight spectra for peptide mass fingerprinting (2002)

Identification of proteins using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) is a key technique in proteomics. The method is known to be sensitive as well as amenable to high-throughput operation, but the resulting identifications suffer from a relatively low level of confidence. One way of increasing the confidence is by improving measurement accuracy using one of several calibration methods. This paper presents a new strategy for calibration of MALDI-TOF PMF spectra that makes use of the phenomenon of peptide mass clustering, and enables spectrum calibration prior to the step of database interrogation, before or after peak extraction. Typically, mass errors are reduced by 40-60%. Accuracy improvement at this early stage can help avoid losing protein candidates, reduce the number of external calibration spots, eliminate internal calibrants, and reduce the number of candidates being scored, thereby reducing analysis time. Different variants of the method are discussed and compared to known calibration methods, such as relying on known calibrants or comparison to putative database candidates. In order to allow precise description of the method and to place the results in perspective, theoretical considerations of peptide databases and scoring functions are also discussed.
Targeting Energy Metabolism in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> , a New Paradigm in Antimycobacterial Drug Discovery (2017)

ABSTRACT Drug-resistant mycobacterial infections are a serious global health challenge, leading to high mortality and socioeconomic burdens in developing countries worldwide. New innovative approaches, from identification of new targets to discovery of novel chemical scaffolds, are urgently needed. Recently, energy metabolism in mycobacteria, in particular the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, has emerged as an object of intense microbiological investigation and as a novel target pathway in drug discovery. New classes of antibacterials interfering with elements of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway are highly active in combating dormant or latent mycobacterial infections, with a promise of shortening tuberculosis chemotherapy. The regulatory approval of the ATP synthase inhibitor bedaquiline and the discovery of Q203, a candidate drug targeting the cytochrome bc 1 complex, have highlighted the central importance of this new target pathway. In this review, we discuss key features and potential applications of inhibiting energy metabolism in our quest for discovering potent novel and sterilizing drug combinations for combating tuberculosis. We believe that the combination of drugs targeting elements of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway can lead to a completely new regimen for drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Jointly Optimize Data Augmentation and Network Training: Adversarial Data Augmentation in Human Pose Estimation (2018)

Random data augmentation is a critical technique to avoid overfitting in training deep neural network models. However, data augmentation and network training are usually treated as two isolated processes, limiting the effectiveness of network training. Why not jointly optimize the two? We propose adversarial data augmentation to address this limitation. The main idea is to design an augmentation network (generator) that competes against a target network (discriminator) by generating `hard' augmentation operations online. The augmentation network explores the weaknesses of the target network, while the latter learns from `hard' augmentations to achieve better performance. We also design a reward/penalty strategy for effective joint training. We demonstrate our approach on the problem of human pose estimation and carry out a comprehensive experimental analysis, showing that our method can significantly improve state-of-the-art models without additional data efforts.
Accumulation capacitance of narrow band gap metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (2010)

We have investigated the accumulation capacitance-voltage characteristics for capacitors with narrow band gap materials using modeling and experiments. The capacitance for InAs and In0.53Ga0.47As capacitors with a HfO2 oxide layer has been calculated using atomistic tight-binding, effective mass, and semiclassical nonparabolic models. The simulations show that band structure effects have a strong influence on the accumulation capacitance, and are essential for the description of narrow band gap capacitors. The calculated tight binding data compare well with measurements on n-type InAs HfO2 capacitors on (100) and (111)B substrates, highlighting the nonparabolicity as the main origin for the large accumulation capacitance.
Post-annealing of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite films with methylamine for efficient perovskite solar cells (2016)

Post-annealing of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite films with methylamine improves both efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Comparative Analysis of Antigen Specificities in the Monomeric and Dimeric Fractions of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (2005)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations are derived from the pooled plasma of thousands of healthy donors and contain a complex mix of antibodies. Depending on the formulation, IVIG preparations contain variable amounts of monomeric and dimeric IgG. The biological and therapeutic significance of these IVIG fractions is still ill defined. Kinetic analysis of monomeric and dimeric IgG isolated by size-exclusion chromatography revealed a stable monomeric versus an unstable dimeric IgG fraction tending to dissociation. Biochemical analysis by 2D gel electrophoresis and isotype analysis showed no significant differences between the fractions. In contrast, comparative analysis by immunodot, ELISA, FACS, and immunohistology of monomeric and dimeric IgG fractions showed a preferential reactivity of the dimeric IgG on a variety of both self-antigens and exoantigens.
Coupling Radical and Ionic Processes: An Unusual Rearrangement Affords Sugar and <i>C</i>‐Glycoside Derivatives (2009)

Abstract An unusual scission–rearrangement process, which couples radical and ionic reactions, was observed with galactofuranose derivatives. This one‐pot procedure afforded, in good yields, highly functionalized 1,4‐dioxanes, which could be considered as six‐membered‐ring sugar analogues. The synthesis of C ‐glycoside analogues is also possible with this methodology.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Paracoccus aminophilus sp. nov. and Paracoccus aminovorans sp. nov., Which Utilize N,N-Dimethylformamide (1990)

Two methylamine- and N,N-dimethylformamide-utilizing Paracoccus spp. are described. These bacteria are gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, coccoid or short rod-shaped organisms. Their DNA base composition is 62 to 68 mol% G + C. Their cellular fatty acids include large amounts of C18:1 acid. Their major hydroxy acids are 3-OH C10:0 and 3-OH C14:0 acids. The major ubiquinone is Q-10. These bacteria are distinguished from Paracoccus denitrificans and Paracoccus alcaliphilus by physiological characteristics and by DNA-DNA-homology. Paracoccus aminophilus sp. nov. and Paracoccus aminovorans sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of P. aminophilus is DM-15 (= JCM 7686), and the type strain of P. aminovorans is DM-82 (= JCM 7685). Paracoccus halodenitrificans is distinguished from other Paracoccus species on the basis of cellular fatty acid composition, hydroxy fatty acid composition, and DNA-DNA homology. It may not be a valid member of the genus Paracoccus.
Tutorial - Robotics in the small Part II: Nanorobotics (2007)

Nanorobotics is the study of robotics at the nanometer scale, and includes robots that are nanoscale in size, i.e., nanorobots (which have yet to be realized), and large robots capable of manipulating objects that have dimensions in the nanoscale range with nanometer resolution, i.e., nanorobotic manipulators. Knowledge from mesoscopic physics, mesoscopic/supramolecular chemistry, and molecular biology at the nanometer scale converges to form the field. Various disciplines contribute to nanorobotics, including nanomaterial synthesis, nanobiotechnology, and microscopy for imaging and characterization. Such topics as self-assembly, nanorobotic assembly, and hybrid nanomanufacturing approaches for assembling nano building blocks into structures, tools, sensors, and actuators are considered areas of nanorobotic study. A current focus of nanorobotics is on the fabrication of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), which may serve as components for future nanorobots. The main goals of nanorobotics are to provide effective tools for the experimental exploration of the nanoworld, and to push the boundaries of this exploration from a robotics research perspective.
Ulcerogenic Tumor Syndrome of the Pancreas Associated with a Nongastrin Acid Secretagogue (1989)

Among 30 patients with islet cell neoplasms or hyperplasia who exhibited marked gastric acid hypersecretion and peptic ulceration and/or diarrhea, fasting plasma gastrin concentrations were less than 150 pg/ml in 11 patients, whereas the remaining 19 patients had hypergastrinemia. Plasma extracts from seven of these 11 patients were assayed for acid secretagogue activity in rats. All seven plasma extracts had secretagogue activity that was not found in the plasma extracts of ten patients with ordinary duodenal ulcer disease. Each of the tumor or pancreatic tissue extracts obtained from nine patients exhibited secretagogue activity in rats even though tissue gastrin content was 101.9 pmol (213.8 ng).g-1 or less. The secretagogue activity of the tumor extracts was confirmed in conscious gastric fistula dogs. The tumors' secretagogue activity, in contrast to gastrin, was destroyed by trypsin. It was eluted between porcine motilin and human gastrin I from a Sephadex G-50 (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Inc., Piscataway, NJ) superfine column and was not retained by CM-cellulose, at pH 8.5. Its retention time during reverse phase HPLC on a C18 column also differed from those of G17 and G34. Thus, this secretagogue activity appeared mediated by a small, acidic peptide with a molecular size of about 2000 to 3000 daltons. The present study indicates that plasma and tumor extracts of these 11 patients contain a gastric acid secretagogue activity mediated by a nongastrin peptide. We suggest that what may be a distinct clinical entity associated with endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas should be considered in the face of excessive acid hypersecretion without fasting hypergastrinemia.
Combining R-Tree and B-Tree to Enhance Spatial Queries Processing (2013)

The search process in the spatial database consumes much time for the user. The size of the database determines the efficacy and speed of information retrieval. The potency of spatial query in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is of paramount importance. It depends heavily on the query processing algorithms. When the database size increases, the processes of data retrieval gets complicated. This paper employs two types of data structures; Rectangle-Tree (R-tree) and the Balanced-Tree (B-tree) which is called aRB-Tree. These two types have been formerly merged by researchers to facilitate the retrieval of data as quickly as possible while providing efficient results. The same idea has been adopted in this paper where the aRB (aggregate RB) accelerates executing complex queries and minimizes the time consumed in searching, editing, deleting and updating any record in the spatial database. In this paper a web application was developed to test the efficiency of using both data structures. This web application utilises a medical institution database that contains locations such as addresses of physicians, clinics, hospital, labs, and radiology centres. Results of aRB-Tree are more sufficient and accurate than using each index alone.
From the NIH. Radionuclide therapy for arthritic knees (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drag reduction using plasma actuators (2015)

This thesis is motivated by the application of active flow control on the cabin of trucks, thereby providing a new means of drag reduction. Particularly, the work presented strives to identify how plasma actuators can be used to reduce the drag caused by the detachment of the flow around the A-pillars. This is achieved by conducting numerical simulations, and is part of a larger project that also includes experimental. The effect of plasma actuators is modeled through a body force, which adds very little computational cost and is suitable for implementation in most CFD solvers. The spatial distribution of this force is described by coefficients which have been optimized against experimental data, and the model was shown to be able to accurately reproduce the wall jet created by a single plasma actuator in a no-flow condition. A half cylinder geometry - a simplified geometry for the A-pillar of a truck - was used in a preliminary Large Eddy Simulation (LES) study that showed that the actuator alone, operated continuously, was not sufficient to achieve a significant reduction of the drag. Nevertheless, a significant drag reduction was obtained by simply increasing the strength of the body force to a higher value, showing that this type of actuation remains relevant for the reduction of drag. In the course of finding ways to improve the efficiency of the actuator, dynamic mode decomposition was investigated as a post-processing tool to extract structures in the flow. Such structures are identified by their spatial location and frequency, and might help to understand how the actuator should be used to maximize drag reduction. Thus a parallel code for dynamic mode decomposition was developed in order to facilitate the treatment of the large amounts of data obtained by LES. This code and LES itself were thereafter evaluated in the case of a pulsating channel flow. By using the dynamic mode decomposition it was possible to accurately extract oscillating profiles at the forcing frequency, although harmonics with lower amplitude compared to the turbulence intensity could not be obtained.