gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Phase Photo-Cross-Linkable Bioinspired Adhesive for Precise Control of Adhesion Strength (2016)

A bioinspired, modular terpolymer adhesive, poly(N-methacryloyl-3,4-dihydroxyl-l-phenylalanine-co-9-(acryloyloxy)butyl anthracene-9-carboxylate-co-acrylic acid), has been synthesized containing three different functionalities: a photo-cross-linking segment, a wet interfacial adhesion segment, and a water-soluble segment. The synthesized adhesive polymer is the first example of a single-phase, photo-cross-linkable adhesive which does not require additional photoinitiator or other cross-linking agents. The terpolymer demonstrates strong adhesion when it swells in water and/or ethanol. The terpolymer is composed of three repeating units: N-methacryloyl-3,4-dihydroxyl-l-phenylalanine (MDOPA), which has been known to generate strong adhesion under wet conditions, poly(acrylic acid), which has been known to increase water solubility of polymers, and a photo-cross-linking segment consisting of an anthracene-based monomer used for enhancement of cohesion properties via UV irradiation (352 nm). A photomediated [4 + 4] cycloaddition reaction of anthracene results in the cross-linking of individual polymer chains after interfacial adhesion between substrates and adhesive polymers. Chemically, the covalent photo-cross-linking was confirmed by UV-vis, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The cross-linking-fortified cohesion of the adhesive polymer network yields strengthened cohesion properties of the bulk material. The photoreaction was conveniently controlled via the duration of UV-irradiation. The adhesion properties of new adhesives were characterized by lap shear strength on transparent Mylar film and glasses after the adhesive was swollen in biologically friendly solvents including water and ethanol. The adhesion strength (J/m<sup>2</sup>) was enhanced by 850% under 352 nm UV-irradiation. Multiple application variables were tested to determine the optimal conditions, such as solvent, concentration, polymer composition, and substrate. The best adhesion properties were obtained from a 1:1 weight ratio of polymer:solvent in water on a Mylar film surface. As a single-phase system, the synthesized terpolymer is very convenient to use, and its adhesion strength can be easily modified by UV light. Additionally, the terpolymer's high water compatibility makes it ideally suited for application in the biomedical field.
Development of optimum preplanning for maxillofacial surgery using selective laser sintering (1970)

Rapid prototyping is a technology that can automatically construct physical models from CAD data. It helps designers to quickly create tangible prototype of their design. This technology has numerous applications; they make excellent visual aids for communicating ideas to the customers. It plays an important role in producing complex and intricate models in both engineering and medical applications. This paper presents its application in medical field. It discusses the development of optimum preplanning for maxillofacial surgery using selective laser sintering process. It involves identifying the optimum value of various parameters like threshold value, gantry tilt angle, resolution, layer thickness and interval thickness of CT scan image. The 3D model of the CT scan image is developed and converted into .stl file. The 3D model is produced on Selective Laser Sintering machine by considering shrinkage and compensation allowances. Two case studies are presented and comparison is made with regard to time taken for surgery using RP model and without using RP model. This helps in reducing time and increase precision, as well as to decrease morbidity for maxillofacial surgery, thus resulting in less suffering to patient , thereby reducing costs and length of hospitalization and improving quality of life.
Layered Oxysulfides as Insertion Hosts for Li-Ion Batteries (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Molecular characterization of anti-idiotype antibody-resistant variants of a murine B cell lymphoma. (1990)

We have previously identified Id- tumor vaiants that emerge after anti-Id mAb therapy of the murine B cell lymphoma 38C13. This report characterizes the molecular basis for these variants. By using a modification of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mu and kappa Ig loci were sequenced from nine Id- variants derived directly by anti-Id immunoselection in vivo. Ig kappa loci sequence analysis was also performed from 10 additional variants amplified directly from tumor cells in vitro without immunoselection. We demonstrate that the molecular mechanism underlying tumor cell escape in this model is the spontaneous emergence of variants that have undergone kappa L chain gene "re-rearrangement" before positive selection by the anti-Id antibody. A second round of re-rearrangement was also demonstrated to occur within primary tumor variants. Re-rearrangement of the 38C13 tumor cell Ig kappa locus is strongly biased toward use of variable kappa genes within the conserved V kappa-Ox1 gene family, although their use is not exclusive. With the use of RNA PCR re-rearrangement was documented to occur in vitro at a frequency of approximately 1.0 x 10(-5)/cell. These findings may have important implications for the application of anti-Id antibodies as a therapeutic approach for human lymphomas and for understanding of the Ig gene rearrangement process.
Attribute-level neighbor hierarchy construction using evolved pattern-based knowledge induction (2006)

Neighbor knowledge construction is the foundation for the development of cooperative query answering systems capable of searching for close match or approximate answers when exact match answers are not available. This paper presents a technique for developing neighbor hierarchies at the attribute level. The proposed technique is called the evolved pattern-based knowledge induction (ePKI) technique and allows construction of neighbor hierarchies for nonunique attributes based upon confidences, popularities, and clustering correlations of inferential relationships among attribute values. The technique is applicable for both categorical and numerical (discrete and continuous) attribute values. Attribute value neighbor hierarchies generated by the ePKI technique allow a cooperative query answering system to search for approximate answers by relaxing each individual query condition separately. Consequently, users can search for approximate answers even when the exact match answers do not exist in the database (i.e., searching for existing similar parts as part of the implementation of the concepts of rapid prototyping). Several experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the ePKI in constructing attribute-level neighbor hierarchies. Results indicate that the ePKI technique produces accurate neighbor hierarchies when strong inferential relationships appear among data.
Personal Cloud Computing Security Framework (2010)

Cloud computing is an evolving term these days. It describes the advance of many existing IT technologies and separates application and information resources from the underlying infrastructure. Personal Cloud is the hybrid deployment model that is combined private cloud and public cloud. By and large, cloud orchestration does not exist today. Current cloud service is provided by web browser or host installed application directly. According to the ITU-T draft, we might consider cloud orchestration environment in collaboration with other cloud providers. Previous work proposed security framework that has limitation of scalability for cloud orchestration. In this paper, we analyze security threats and requirements for previous researches and propose service model and security framework which include related technology for implementation and are possible to provide resource mobility.
Advanced Delivery and Therapeutic Applications of RNAi (2013)

"All of the essential aspects of developing RNAi therapeutics from bench to clinic presented in a single volume"--
Antimicrobial Activity of Basic Cholane Derivatives, VIII (1989)

Two series of new compounds derived from deoxycholic acid have been synthesized: 3,12-dioxo-5 beta-cholan-24-N-substituted amides and their 3 beta-amino and 3 beta-N-alkylamino derivatives. The first series of five compounds 1-5 carries at C-24 the residue of benzylamine, morpholine, diethanolamine, N,N-diethyl-ethylenediamine, and N-methylpiperazine. The second series of twenty compounds 1A-D - 5A-D was prepared by means of reductive amination starting from the compounds of the first series. This reaction proved to be regioselective and stereospecific: it attacks only C-3 of the steroid moiety and introduces the following axial beta-oriented substituents: amino, methylamino, ethylamino, and benzylamino. The compounds of the first series showed moderate scattered antimicrobial activity; while introduction of the 3 beta-amino and 3 beta-N-alkylamino residue greatly increased activity towards Gram (+) strains; even yeast and fungi appear to be sensitive towards this last series of compounds. The results have been discussed with respect to the nature of the substituents both at C-3 and C-24, the highest activity being associated to the hydrophobicity of these residues.
Free Riding in Retail Stores: An Investigation of Its Perceived Prevalence and Costs (1995)

The incidence of free riding, where customers use information and services from a full-service retail store to allow for later purchase from limited-service stores, presents many potential problems for the full-service retailer. To the extent that free riding occurs, this form of consumer behavior has the potential to reduce both the productivity and profits of full-service retailers. In addition to the loss of store revenues, evidence from this study supports a negative influence on the productivity of sales personnel due to the impact of consumer free riding. This manuscript explores the prevalence of free riding as perceived by retail store managers and salespeople. Further detail is presented concerning the means by which free riding is perceived to occur and its perceived impact on full-service retailers.
Facile and Scalable Synthesis of the Fused-Ring Heterocycles Thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene and Thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]furan (2009)

An optimized synthetic methodology which allows for efficient and scalable access to the important fused-ring heterocycle thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and the first reported isolation of thieno[3,2-b]furan is presented. The properties of thieno[3,2-b]furan were assessed through a detailed analysis of the NMR data and an investigation of the chemical reactivity. Thieno[3,2-b]furan is chemically robust and offers good selectivity toward functionalization at the 2-position via bromination and the 5-position via deprotonation.
Theory of edge detection (1979)

A theory of edge detection is presented. (1) Intensity changes, which occur in a natural image over a wide range of scales, are detected separately at different scales. At a given scale, this is best done by finding the zero-crossings of gradient-squared G(x,y) * (I(x,y) for image I, where G(x,y) is a two-dimensional gaussian distribution, and gradient-squared is the Laplacian. (2) The physical phenomena that give rise to the intensity changes are localized. This allows one to construct rules for combining information from the different scales into a primitive description of the image. A physiological model for zero-crossing detection is proposed. (Author)
An Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator for a Direct-Coupled Wind-Turbine System (2007)

This paper presents a unique axial-flux permanent-magnet synchronous generator (AFPMSG), which is suitable for both vertical-axis and horizontal-axis wind turbine generation systems. An outer-rotor design facilitates direct coupling of the generator to the wind turbine, while a coreless armature eliminates the magnetic pull between the stationary and moving parts. The design and construction features of the AFPMSG are reviewed. The flux-density distribution is studied, with the aid of a finite element software package, in order to predict the generated e.m.f. waveform. The performance equations of the AFPMSG are derived, and the condition for maximum efficiency is deduced, for both constant-speed and variable-speed operations. The experimental results, in general, confirm the theory developed
Computer Aided Design and Deformation of the Complete Crown (2008)

In this paper we present a novel approach to build the standard crown database based on the sketch of the standard tooth, and then deform the crown to fit the patient using an efficient volumetric approach. Take example for the mandibular first molar, some key lines are collected from standard tooth pictures. Then we edit these lines to build the skeleton of the digital tooth model, and convert the skeleton model into triangle mesh. During the design process, it's important to refer the standard die stone tooth model. After all of the models are designed, a standard crown database is built with them. The database provides a template for users to design the special complete crown for certain patient. In design process, we deform the template in global based on the neighbor teeth, and then use an efficient and easy-to-implement volumetric approach to adjust it in local based on the occlusion of the patient. According to the final result, the method of designing and deforming the complete crown using CAD technology is feasible, efficient and precise, the complete crown fits the patient very well. It is also an important part of the homemade dental CAD/CAM system.
Heterotrimeric G-Protein Subunit Function in <i>Candida albicans</i> : both the α and β Subunits of the Pheromone Response G Protein Are Required for Mating (2008)

A pheromone-mediated signaling pathway that couples seven-transmembrane-domain (7-TMD) receptors to a mitogen-activated protein kinase module controls Candida albicans mating. 7-TMD receptors are typically connected to heterotrimeric G proteins whose activation regulates downstream effectors. Two Galpha subunits in C. albicans have been identified previously, both of which have been implicated in aspects of pheromone response. Cag1p was found to complement the mating pathway function of the pheromone receptor-coupled Galpha subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Gpa2p was shown to have a role in the regulation of cyclic AMP signaling in C. albicans and to repress pheromone-mediated arrest. Here, we show that the disruption of CAG1 prevented mating, inactivated pheromone-mediated arrest and morphological changes, and blocked pheromone-mediated gene expression changes in opaque cells of C. albicans and that the overproduction of CAG1 suppressed the hyperactive cell cycle arrest exhibited by sst2 mutant cells. Because the disruption of the STE4 homolog constituting the only C. albicans gene for a heterotrimeric Gbeta subunit also blocked mating and pheromone response, it appears that in this fungal pathogen the Galpha and Gbeta subunits do not act antagonistically but, instead, are both required for the transmission of the mating signal.
SCOPS: Self-Supervised Co-Part Segmentation (2019)

Parts provide a good intermediate representation of objects that is robust with respect to camera, pose and appearance variations. Existing work on part segmentation is dominated by supervised approaches that rely on large amounts of manual annotations and also can not generalize to unseen object categories. We propose a self-supervised deep learning approach for part segmentation, where we devise several loss functions that aids in predicting part segments that are geometrically concentrated, robust to object variations and are also semantically consistent across different object instances. Extensive experiments on different types of image collections demonstrate that our approach can produce part segments that adhere to object boundaries and also more semantically consistent across object instances compared to existing self-supervised techniques.
Differential effects of apolipoprotein E isoforms on phosphorylation at specific sites on tau by glycogen synthase kinase‐3β identified by nano‐electrospray mass spectrometry (2000)

Previously published data have shown an allele-specific variation in the in vitro binding of apolipoprotein E (apoE) to tau, which prompted the hypothesis that apoE binding may protect tau from phosphorylation, apoE3 being more efficient than apoE4. We have, therefore, investigated the effects of apoE on tau phosphorylation in vitro by the proline-directed kinase, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 beta. The phosphopeptide maps of tau alone, of tau with apoE3 and of tau with apoE4 were very similar. When apoE2 was present a further four spots were evident. Additionally, of the 15 peptides phosphorylated in the presence or absence of apoE, subtle differences, some isoform-specific, in the relative amounts of phosphorylation were observed.
Safety and tolerability of high-dose ulinastatin after 2-hour intravenous infusion in adult healthy Chinese volunteers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study (2017)

Ulinastatin, is a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor purified from human urine, inhibits endogenous proteases such as trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, hyaluronidase, and plasmin. It is widely being used at increasingly higher doses for the treatment of acute or chronic pancreatitis, severe infection, and acute organ failure. We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of high-dose ulinastatin in healthy volunteers in our single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose escalation study. Fifty-one healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled in 9 dose cohorts (3×105 U, 6×105 U, 12×105 U, 20×105 U, 30×105 U, 45×105 U, 60×105 U, 70×105 U, or 80×105 U of ulinastatin) and randomized to UTI or matching placebo (n = 1). Each dose cohort was composed of 3-7 subjects. All subjects were required to have 2 h of intravenous infusion. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study via monitoring of vital signs, physical examinations, clinical laboratory tests, 12-lead electrocardiograms, and interviews with the subjects about adverse events. Fifty-one subjects (35 men and 16 women) completed the study. A total of 13 AEs were reported by 10 subjects: 11 adverse events in the ulinastatin groups and 2 adverse events in the placebo group. Twelve of the adverse events were possibly related to the study drug. The most common drug-related adverse events included dizziness, pain at injection site, and a decrease in white blood cell count. All adverse events were of mild severity; none were serious. In conclusion, 2 hours of intravenous infusion of ulinastatin (3×105 to 80×105 U) was well tolerated by healthy Chinese subjects.
Assembly <i>in vitro</i> of <i>Rhodococcus jostii</i> <scp>RHA</scp>1 encapsulin and peroxidase DypB to form a nanocompartment (2013)

Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 peroxidase DypB has been recently identified as a bacterial lignin peroxidase. The dypB gene is cotranscribed with a gene encoding an encapsulin protein, which has been shown in Thermotoga maritima to assemble to form a 60-subunit nanocompartment, and DypB contains a C-terminal sequence motif that is thought to target the protein to the encapsulin nanocompartment. R. jostii RHA1 encapsulin protein was overexpressed in R. jostii RHA1, and purified as a high-Mr assembly (Mr > 10(6)). The purified nanocompartment could be disassembled to form a low-Mr species by treatment at pH 3.0, and reassembled to form an assembly of similar size and shape, as assessed by dynamic light scattering. Recombinant DypB could be assembled in vitro with monomeric encapsulin to form an assembly of similar size to the encapsulin-only nanocompartment, as assessed by gel filtration. The assembled complex showed enhanced lignin degradation activity per milligram of DypB present as compared with native DypB, as determined with a nitrated lignin UV-visible assay method. The measured stoichiometry of 8.6 μmol encapsulin/μmol DypB in the complex was similar to the value of 10 predicted from the crystal structure.
Strain rate effects in microparticle impact (1977)

Very short impact durations and correspondingly high strain rates are shown to be associated with the normal impact of small spheres on to metal targets. This may explain the size effects observed in microparticle impact and in the erosion of metals by solid particles.
Immunofluorescence study of the action of navelbine, vincristine and vinblastine on mitotic and axonal microtubules (1990)

Among the various non-naturally-occurring Vinca alkaloid compounds, nor-anhydro-vinblastine (Navelbine, NVB) exhibits in preliminary clinical studies broader anti-tumor activity and lower neurotoxicity than vinblastine (VBL) and vincristine (VCR). The action of these 3 Vinca alkaloids on axonal and mitotic microtubules has been studied experimentally in a specific model, the tectal plate anlage of mouse embryos at the earliest stages of neuronal differentiation. Post-implantation embryos were cultured in toto in a medium containing increasing concentrations of drugs. Microtubules were stained using immunofluorescence with a tubulin-specific polyclonal antibody in semi-thin sections after embedding in high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol. All drugs induced depolymerization of mitotic interpolar microtubules and cell metaphase block at the same concentration. Increasing the concentrations led to progressive depolymerization of kinetochore microtubules. However, NVB was the only drug to induce complete microtubule depolymerization. The activity of the 3 compounds on axonal microtubules was identical: depolymerization of a labile pool of microtubules. This was observed at higher concentrations with NVB than with the 2 other Vinca alkaloids. Our results show that, in this model, NVB is as active on mitotic microtubules as VCR and VBL, and less active on axonal microtubules. None of the 3 drugs modified microtubule length but all appeared to induce disruption of the labile microtubule pool without altering the stable pool.
Vitamin B12 in plasma in patients with continent ileostomy and long observation time. (1984)

Plasma cobalamins (vitamin B12) were determined by a microbiological method in 235 patients with continent ileostomies and postoperative observation times of 3-13 years (mean, 6 years). The influence of the reservoir on the vitamin B12 values could not be evaluated in 22 patients (9%)--because of prophylactic treatment in 6%, subnormal B12 values before the operation in 1%, and 'treatment' of various neurological symptoms not caused by vitamin B12 deficiency in 2%. Fourteen (7%) of the remaining 213 patients had developed subnormal plasma levels of vitamin B12 and another 14 patients (7%) had 'borderline' values (130-200 pmol/l). The median time interval between reservoir operation and the development of subnormal values was 7.5 years (range, 3-11 years). A small-bowel resection had been added to the proctocolectomy in 11 out of 14 patients with subnormal values and in 8 out of 14 patients with borderline values. Subnormal or borderline values were seen in 27% of patients with Crohn's disease and in 12% of patients with ulcerative colitis. No patient had anaemia or neurological symptoms caused by B12 deficiency. The study shows that most patients with continent ileostomies do not develop B12 deficiency, and there is therefore no need for general prophylaxis. Since at least 7% developed subnormal values, the plasma levels of vitamin B12 should, however, be followed up regularly in all patients with continent ileostomies.