gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional genomic screens identify CINP as a genome maintenance protein (2009)

The DNA damage response (DDR) has a critical role in maintaining genome integrity and serves as a barrier to tumorigenesis by promoting cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The DDR is activated not only by genotoxic agents that induce DNA damage, but also during aberrant cell-division cycles caused by activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressors. Here we use RNAi and cDNA overexpression screens in human cells to identify genes that, when deregulated, lead to activation of the DDR. The RNAi screen identified 73 genes that, when silenced in at least two cell types, cause DDR activation. Silencing several of these genes also caused an increased frequency of micronuclei, a marker of genetically unstable cells. The cDNA screen identified 97 genes that when overexpressed induce DDR activation in the absence of any exogenous genotoxic agent, with an overrepresentation of genes linked to cancer. Secondary RNAi screens identified CDK2-interacting protein (CINP) as a cell-cycle checkpoint protein. CINP interacts with ATR-interacting protein and regulates ATR-dependent signaling, resistance to replication stress, and G2 checkpoint integrity.
Tools for Predicting the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Daily Practice (2008)

The discussion about the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes - and, more generally, dysglycaemia - should be framed in terms of a continuum of risk. A variety of tools have been developed to identify individuals with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and to quantify the probability of type 2 diabetes either cross-sectionally or prospectively. Such scores are based on traditional risk factors for diabetes, such as age, body mass index (BMI), and family history, while others also evaluate metabolic risk factors such as lipid levels. The performance of a diabetes risk-prediction tool is generally assessed by measuring its accuracy, availability, practicability, and costs. This review discusses the validity and use of today's available major risk-prediction tools for clinical practice, and assesses the scope and cost-effectiveness of available tools. Among these prediction tools, American Diabetes Association (ADA) Risk Tools, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Risk Score, and Study to Prevent Non-Insulin Dependents Diabetes Mellitus (STOP-NIDDM) Risk Score were of our concern. We conclude that the FINDRISC tool is currently the best available tool for use in clinical practice in Caucasian populations, but modifications may be required if applied to other ethnic groups.
Morphology of Healing in Vascular Prostheses (1986)

Vascular grafts differ in shape and size, material, mode of construction, and porosity. The latter was found to be of great importance with respect to tissue response of the host to the graft.
Lack of Prolactin Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Growth Hormone-Deficient and Non Growth Hormone-Deficient Children (1989)

Article Lack of Prolactin Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Growth Hormone-Deficient and Non Growth Hormone-Deficient Children was published on April 1, 1989 in the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism (volume 3, issue 2).
Vaccine safety: a case for synthetic vaccine formulations (2003)

'From manufacture to the end use, vaccines must follow a long journey though a well-controlled path, the failure of which may cause serious damage to their potency, and as a result, offer little or no protection.
Electronic beam scanning in two dimensions with holographic phased array antenna (2013)

A millimeter-wave holographic antenna array is presented. The combination of the holographic antenna principle with the phased array technology allows a beam steering functionality in two dimensions. The presented holographic antenna belongs to the leaky-wave antennas and can be described by Floquet's theorem. After a review about the theoretical aspects of holographic antennas, the paper focuses on possibilities to improve the beam scanning range. The presented simulation results of the developed antenna with Yagi-Uda-Feed on Alumina are verified by measurements.
Trip Planning Functionalities: State of the Art and Future (2010)

When tourists visit a city or region, they cannot visit every point of interest available, as they are constrained in time and budget. Tourist recommender applications help tourists by presenting a personal selection. Providing adequate tour scheduling support for these kinds of applications is a daunting task for the application developer. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how existing models from the field of Operations Research (OR) fit this scheduling problem, and enable a wide range of tourist trip planning functionalities. Using the Orienteering Problem (OP) and its extensions to model the tourist trip planning problem, allows to deal efficiently with a vast number of practical planning problems.
A 1-Mb resolution radiation hybrid map of the canine genome (2003)

The purebred dog population consists of >300 partially inbred genetic isolates or breeds. Restriction of gene flow between breeds, together with strong selection for traits, has led to the establishment of a unique resource for dissecting the genetic basis of simple and complex mammalian traits. Toward this end, we present a comprehensive radiation hybrid map of the canine genome composed of 3,270 markers including 1,596 microsatellite-based markers, 900 cloned gene sequences and ESTs, 668 canine-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) ends, and 106 sequence-tagged sites. The map was constructed by using the RHDF5000-2 whole-genome radiation hybrid panel and computed by using MULTIMAP and TSP/CONCORDE. The 3,270 markers map to 3,021 unique positions and define an average intermarker distance corresponding to 1 Mb. We also define a minimal screening set of 325 highly informative well spaced markers, to be used in the initiation of genome-wide scans. The well defined synteny between the dog and human genomes, established in part as a function of this work by the identification of 85 conserved fragments, will allow follow-up of initial findings of linkage by selection of candidate genes from the human genome sequence. This work continues to define the canine system as the method of choice in the pursuit of the genes causing mammalian variation and disease.
Towards a perceptually optimal spectral amplitude estimator for audio signal enhancement (2002)

We present a statistical model-based approach to signal enhancement in the case of additive broadband noise. Because broadband noise is localised in neither time nor frequency, its removal is one of the most pervasive and difficult signal enhancement tasks. In order to improve perceived signal quality, we take advantage of human perception and define a best estimate of the original signal in terms of a cost function incorporating perceptual optimality criteria. We derive the resultant signal estimator and implement it in a short-time spectral attenuation framework.
Accuracy of Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigant (2012)

Different canal irrigants with different electrical conductivities may affect the accuracy of the Root ZX in perforated teeth.
Studies on the adjuvant effect of water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion of sesame oil. 1. Enhanced and persistent antibody formation by antigen incorporated into the water-in-oil-in-water emulsion. (1978)

We produce concentrated (40 vol%) gels of uniformly sized silica particles by an in situ process, based on the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysisof urea in the liquid phase of electrostatically stabilized suspensions. Two different methods are used: Either the pH of the suspensions isshifted toward the isoelectric point of the particles (??pH method), or the ionic strength is continuously increased at constant pH (??I method).We compare the two kinds of gels in terms of elastic and yield behavior as well as microstructure by using rheological measurements inoscillation and high-pressure freezing in combination with cryo-SEM, respectively. Results suggest a strong increase of elastic and yieldproperties in concentrated particle gels with decreasing homogeneity of their microstructures.
Crystal Structures of the Lyn Protein Tyrosine Kinase Domain in Its Apo- and Inhibitor-bound State (2008)

The Src-family protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) Lyn is the most important Src-family kinase in B cells, having both inhibitory and stimulatory activity that is dependent on the receptor, ligand, and developmental context of the B cell. An important role for Lyn has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia, as well as certain solid tumors. Although several Src-family inhibitors are available, the development of Lyn-specific inhibitors, or inhibitors with reduced off-target activity to Lyn, has been hampered by the lack of structural data on the Lyn kinase. Here we report the crystal structure of the non-liganded form of Lyn kinase domain, as well as in complex with three different inhibitors: the ATP analogue AMP-PNP; the pan Src kinase inhibitor PP2; and the BCR-Abl/Src-family inhibitor Dasatinib. The Lyn kinase domain was determined in its "active" conformation, but in the unphosphorylated state. All three inhibitors are bound at the ATP-binding site, with PP2 and Dasatinib extending into a hydrophobic pocket deep in the substrate cleft, thereby providing a basis for the Src-specific inhibition. Analysis of sequence and structural differences around the active site region of the Src-family PTKs were evident. Accordingly, our data provide valuable information for the further development of therapeutics targeting Lyn and the important Src-family of kinases.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor P1446A Induces Apoptosis in a JNK/p38 MAPK-Dependent Manner in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-Cells (2015)

CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitors have shown remarkable activity in CLL, where its efficacy has been linked to inhibition of the transcriptional CDKs (7 and 9) and deregulation of RNA polymerase and short-lived pro-survival proteins such as MCL1. Furthermore, ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress has been implicated in CDK inhibition in CLL. Here we conducted a pre-clinical study of a novel orally active kinase inhibitor P1446A in CLL B-cells. P1446A inhibited CDKs at nanomolar concentrations and induced rapid apoptosis of CLL cells in vitro, irrespective of chromosomal abnormalities or IGHV mutational status. Apoptosis preceded inactivation of RNA polymerase, and was accompanied by phosphorylation of stress kinases JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Pharmacologic inhibitors of JNK/p38 MAPK conferred protection from P1446A-mediated apoptosis. Treatment with P1446A led to a dramatic induction of NOXA in a JNK-dependent manner, and sensitized CLL cells to ABT-737, a BH3-mimetic. We observed concurrent activation of apoptosis stress-inducing kinase 1 (ASK1) and its interaction with inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) in CLL cells treated with P1446A, providing insights into upstream regulation of JNK in this setting. Consistent with previous reports on limited functionality of ER stress mechanism in CLL cells, treatment with P1446A failed to induce an extensive unfolded protein response. This study provides rationale for additional investigations of P1446A in CLL.
Continuous authentication of mobile user: Fusion of face image and inertial Measurement Unit data (2015)

Mobile devices can carry large amounts of personal data, but are often left unsecured. PIN locks are inconvenient to use and thus have seen low adoption (33% of users). While biometrics are beginning to be used for mobile device authentication, they are used only for initial unlock. Mobile devices secured with only login authentication are still vulnerable to data theft when in an unlocked state. This paper introduces our work on a face-based continuous authentication system that operates in an unobtrusive manner. We present a methodology for fusing mobile device (unconstrained) face capture with gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer data to correct for camera orientation and, by extension, the orientation of the face image. Experiments demonstrate (i) improvement of face recognition accuracy from face orientation correction, and (ii) efficacy of the prototype continuous authentication system.
Thermal Stress Mitigating Properties for Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings of Gas Turbine. (1995)

A thermal stress analysis system has been developed, which enables convenient analysis of multilayered materials such as coatings. The analysis method of thermal stresses is based on the strain suppression technique and beam theory. In this study, the thermal stress properties of graded thermal barrier coatings were analyzed by focussing on the reductionability of thermal stress. Graded thermal barrier coatings with a surface layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia were chosen for the thermal stress analyses in the case of uniform heating and one-side heating with temperature difference. It was verified that the analysis technique based on equivalent thermal conductivity (=constant) was useful for optimizing the thermal barrier coatings. As a result, it was found that the effects of graded distribution on thermal stress mitigating properties were strongly dependent upon the graded thickness and heating condition.
Genetic influence on bone turnover in postmenopausal twins. (1996)

Postmenopausal bone mass is determined by both peak bone mass and subsequent bone loss. Previous studies have shown that peak bone mass is under genetic influence mediated partly by factors affecting bone formation. The rate of bone loss increases markedly after the menopause, but is highly variable from subject to subject. The aims of this study were to determine whether postmenopausal bone turnover was under genetic control, which should be linked to the genetic influence on the rate of postmenopausal bone loss. A classical twin study was performed that compared the intraclass correlations in monozygotic (MZ) twins with those in dizygotic (DZ) twins, with any difference assumed to be due to genetic factors. Markers of bone formation and resorption were measured in 240 untreated postmenopausal twins, aged 45-69 yr, on the average 12.3 yr (SD, 6.0) postmenopause, including 61 MZ pairs and 59 DZ pairs. The intraclass correlation coefficient of MZ twin pairs, rMZ (95% confidence interval), for 2 specific markers of bone formation, serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, were higher than the corresponding rDZ [0.67 (range, 0.59-0.75) vs. 0.48 (range, 0.35-0.61; P = 0.06) for osteocalcin and 0.53 (range, 0.41-0.65) vs. 0.21 (range, 0.01-0.41; P = 0.02) for bone-specific alkaline phosphatase]. For serum propeptide of type I collagen, a type I collagen synthesis marker that exhibits only a slight increase after menopause, a high proportion of its variance was explained by genetic factors [rMZ = 0.82 (0.77-0.87), rDZ = 0.33 (0.16-0.50); P < 0.001]. The correlations for bone resorption measured by three distinct urinary markers, total deoxypyridinoline and two cross-linked type I collagen peptides (CrossLaps and NTX), that increase markedly after menopause were higher in MZ than in DZ pairs, but the difference reached significance only for NTX (P = 0.03). For urinary free dexoypyridinoline, a marker reflecting bone collagen degradation that increases moderately after menopause, the proportion of the variance explained by genetic factors was highly significant (P = 0.002). In conclusion, our data indicate that a proportion of the variance in postmenopausal levels of both bone formation and resorption markers are explained by genetic factors, but this contribution was clearly significant only for markers that do not change markedly at the menopause. These data suggest that the contribution of genetic factors to overall postmenopausal bone turnover and possibly bone loss is likely to be small.
Dynamics of viral variants in HIV-1 Nef and specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo (1996)

The vigorous CTL response directed against HIV is considered to be important in reducing HIV viral load, although it is unable to stop ongoing viral replication, which generates new antigenic variants. We analyzed the impact of sequential changes in five epitopes of HIV-1 Nef on CTL recognition in four stable patients. A high rate of variation was found, and in all these patients we could detect CTL specific for 32 out of 36 autologous viral variants occurring in 5 HLA-A2- or HLA-B7-restricted Nef epitopes at two time points. Two distinct patterns for dynamics of CTL responses to viral variation were observed: 1) temporary amplification of viral variants followed by expansion of variant-specific CTL, ultimately leading to the disappearance of 12 out of the 14 initial epitope variants within two years. A second set of viral variants that had replaced the initial ones could also stimulate specific CTL precursors in the context of the same or an alternative HLA molecule; and 2) persistence of 2 viral variants in relatively conserved epitopes despite specific CTL recognition. Therefore, a remarkable flexibility of the immune system allows constant adaptation of CTL to multiple HIV variants and thus elimination of HIV variant-producing cells in slow progressors.
Subliquidus Immiscibility in Binary Alkali Borates (1968)

The phase boundaries of subliquidus immiscibility in the lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium borate systems were determined. Two‐phase structures were developed in thermal gradients and examined by direct‐transmission electron microscopy. No opalescence was observed. Microstructures were of the order of a few hundred angstroms. The extent of immiscibility in each system was determined by the approximate intersection of the immiscible phase boundary with the glass transition region.
Evolution in Optical Downhole Multiphase Flow Measurement: Experience Translates into Enhanced Design (2010)

Abstract Innovative technology and measurement methods along with intelligent production optimization processes are important enablers with regards to intelligent fields and real-time reservoir management. Downhole multiphase flow measurement technologies play a major role in monitoring and optimizing well performance especially wells equipped with advanced well completions such as downhole inflow control devices (ICD) or inflow control valves (ICV) This paper builds on a pilot installation and comprehensive assessment of the world’s first installation of downhole multiphase flowmeters and optical pressure and temperature sensors in a maximum reservoir contact (MRC) well in Saudi Arabia. One of the major findings from the initial study was that while the optical flowmeter operated successfully at most downhole choke valve settings, it was unable to make sensible readings at specific settings due to excessive acoustic noise. The results from the assessment were instrumental in improving the design of the flowmeter to tolerate higher acoustic noise levels. The initial appraisal and acceptance of this completion technology was closed by having the improved flowmeter manufactured and successfully flow tested under various laboratory conditions. The lessons learned from this experience have provided insights into downhole multiphase flowmeter sensing technologies, its capabilities and limitations. Furthermore, it demonstrates how open collaboration between operator and equipment manufacturer can yield reliable and fit for purpose equipment, a model that can be used to improve other technologies pertaining to intelligent fields and real-time reservoir management.
Analysis of CD161+ T Cells in Human Peripheral Blood. (2004)

Abstract CD161 (NKR-P1) is a natural killer receptor of C-type lectin superfamily found on natural killer (NK) cells. A significant number of both human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express CD161. However, little is known about the extended phenotype or function of CD161+ T cells. Here, we analyzed this population in normal human peripheral blood by immunofluorescent staining, and multi-color flow cytometric analysis (N=15). Amongst CD4+ T cells, a mean of 22% showed intermediate staining for CD161 (CD161int) and the remainder were CD161−. Almost all the CD4+CD161int TCRαβ+ T cells had the CD45RO+ memory phenotype, and did not express the CD16 or CD56 NK markers (<5%). CD4+CD161− T cells were a mixture of CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ cells. Invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells with the Vα24+/Vβ11+ TCR are known to express CD161, but CD4+CD161int T cells contained less than 1 % of these invariant NKT cells. After in vitro stimulation with αCD3 and αCD28 mAb, CD4+CD161int T cells produced larger amounts of both Th1 and Th2 type cytokines compared with CD4+CD161− T cells, especially IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. However, there was no difference in the proliferative response between CD161− and CD161int CD4+ T cells, and CD4+CD161int T cells had no suppressor functions against autologous cell proliferation. In CD8+ T cells, there were two populations that were CD161 positive. One was CD161hi (mean; 11%) and another was CD161int (mean; 9%). Almost all CD161int and CD161hi CD8+ T cells had the CD45RO+ memory phenotype, and few expressed the Vα24+/Vβ11+ TCR NKT cell marker (<1%) or CD16 (<5%). CD8+CD161hi cells contained around 15% of CD56+ and CD8+CD161int cells contained around 5% of CD56+. CD8+CD161hi T cells had decreased expression of CD8β and 40% of CD8+CD161hi T cells expressed only CD8α. Conversely, most of the CD8α+CD8β− T cells in human peripheral blood expressed CD161. After in vitro stimulation with αCD3 and αCD28 mAb, CD8+CD161hi T cells secreted no IFN-γ, TNF-α or IL-2. Both CD8+CD161− and CD8+CD161int T cells produced all three cytokines. CD8+CD161hi T cells failed to proliferate after αCD3+αCD28 stimulation, though CD8+CD161− and CD8+CD161int T cells made vigorous proliferative responses. Thus, it appeared that CD8+CD161hi T cells were anergic. This anergic state could not be reversed by addition of IL-2. CD8+CD161+ T cells had no suppressor function against autologous cell proliferation nor cytotoxicity against the NK or NKT sensitive tumor cell lines, K562 and Jurkat. In conclusion, the CD161 marker can be used to identify subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that differ in their extended phenotypes and functions. In addition, we identified a unique subset of anergic CD8+CD161hi T cells that express a memory phenotype with a low level of CD8β.
Innovative Methodology for Separating of Rare Earth and Iron from Bayan Obo Complex Iron Ore (2012)

A new process was proposed in this research, in order to address the problems of difficult treatment, low efficiency and heavy pollution of Bayan Obo complex iron ore. The isothermal reduction experiments, using carbon-bearing pellets which were mainly made of Bayan Obo complex iron ore and pulverized coal, were investigated in the temperature range of 1623–1723 K with different heating time. The results indicate that the pellets could not melt well at 1623 K and 1723 K, and the iron nugget and slag can separate in a clear manner at 1673 K for 12 min. The contents of C and S in iron nugget are 2.09% and 1.62% respectively. The iron nugget can be used partly to substitute the steel scrap for EAF steelmaking. The RE2O3 content is 14.19% in the rare-earth-rich slag. Nearly all rare earth is concentrated into one phase during solidification, which is identified as cefluosil ([7(Ca, Ce, La, Nd)2·SiO4] (F, O)10). The slag was leached by hydrochloric acid and the leaching efficiency of rare earth is 98.70%. After being filtered, the solution can be used to extract rare earth and the leached residue will be treated to recover CaF2 and ThO2.