gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nano-optofluidic Detection of Single Viruses and Nanoparticles (2010)

The reliable detection, sizing, and sorting of viruses and nanoparticles is important for biosensing, environmental monitoring, and quality control. Here we introduce an optical detection scheme for the real-time and label-free detection and recognition of single viruses and larger proteins. The method makes use of nanofluidic channels in combination with optical interferometry. Elastically scattered light from single viruses traversing a stationary laser focus is detected with a differential heterodyne interferometer and the resulting signal allows single viruses to be characterized individually. Heterodyne detection eliminates phase variations due to different particle trajectories, thus improving the recognition accuracy as compared to standard optical interferometry. We demonstrate the practicality of our approach by resolving nanoparticles of various sizes, and detecting and recognizing different species of human viruses from a mixture. The detection system can be readily integrated into larger nanofluidic architectures for practical applications.
Stark shift and field ionization of arsenic donors in 28Si-silicon-on-insulator structures (2014)

We develop an efficient back gate for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices operating at cryogenic temperatures and measure the quadratic hyperfine Stark shift parameter of arsenic donors in isotopically purified 28Si-SOI layers using such structures. The back gate is implemented using MeV ion implantation through the SOI layer forming a metallic electrode in the handle wafer, enabling large and uniform electric fields up to 2 V/μm to be applied across the SOI layer. Utilizing this structure, we measure the Stark shift parameters of arsenic donors embedded in the 28Si-SOI layer and find a contact hyperfine Stark parameter of ηa = −1.9 ± 0.7 × 10−3 μm2/V2. We also demonstrate electric-field driven dopant ionization in the SOI device layer, measured by electron spin resonance.
Adipocyte differentiation-related protein is induced by LRP1-mediated aggregated LDL internalization in human vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages (2007)

Aggregated LDL (agLDL) is internalized by LDL receptor-related protein (LRP1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). AgLDL is, therefore, a potent inducer of massive intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation in lipid droplets. The adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP) has been found on the surface of lipid droplets. The objectives of this work were to analyze whether agLDL uptake modulates ADRP expression levels and whether the effect of agLDL internalization on ADRP expression depends on LRP1 in human VSMCs and HMDMs. AgLDL strongly upregulates ADRP mRNA (real-time PCR) and protein expression (Western blot) in human VSMCs (mRNA: by 3.06-fold; protein: 8.58-fold) and HMDMs (mRNA: by 3.5-fold; protein: by 3.71-fold). Treatment of VSMCs and HMDMs with small anti-LRP1-interfering RNA (siRNA-LRP1) leads to specific inhibition of LRP1 expression. siRNA-LRP1 treatment significantly reduced agLDL-induced ADRP overexpression in HMDMs (by 69%) and in VSMCs (by 53%). Immunohystochemical studies evidence a colocolocalization between ADRP/macrophages and ADRP/VSMCs in advanced lipid-enriched atherosclerotic plaques. These results demonstrate that agLDL-LRP1 engagement induces ADRP overexpression in both HMDMs and human VSMCs and that ADRP is highly expressed in advanced lipid-enriched human atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, LRP1-mediated agLDL uptake might play a pivotal role in vascular foam cell formation.
Total Syntheses of Conformationally Constrained Didemnin B Analogues. Replacements of<i>N</i>,<i>O</i>-Dimethyltyrosine with<scp>l</scp>-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline and<scp>l</scp>-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-7-methoxyisoquinoline (2001)

The design and synthesis of two conformationally constrained analogues of didemnin B are described. The [N,O-Me(2)Tyr(5)]residue of didemnin B was replaced with L-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Tic) and L-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-methoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (MeO-Tic), which mimic the N,O-dimethylated tyrosine while constraining the conformation of the molecule. Preliminary results indicate that the conformation of the [N,O-Me(2)Tyr(5)]residue closely matches the conformation imposed by the Tic replacement.
Demodulation analysis for exact rotor faults detection under changing parameters (2009)

Demodulation techniques extract modulating currents induced by induction motors rotor faults and directly evaluate these fault currents in time and frequency domain. Vector representation of amplitude and phase modulation is analyzed with the investigation, how both modulations change with changing parameters. It is proved that fault indicators of amplitude modulation do not change with motor changing parameters and they are the base of rotor faults detection. Two demodulation methods based on complex analytical signal are presented. Experiments were focused to IM energized from line and inverters.
Bedside Monitoring to Adjust Antiplatelet Therapy for Coronary Stenting (2012)

This study showed no significant improvements in clinical outcomes with platelet-function monitoring and treatment adjustment for coronary stenting, as compared with standard antiplatelet therapy without monitoring. (Funded by Allies in Cardiovascular Trials Initiatives and Organized Networks and others; ARCTIC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00827411.).
IP layer restoration and network planning based on virtual protection cycles (2000)

We describe a novel restoration strategy called virtual protection cycles (p-cycles, patents pending) for extremely fast restoration in IP networks. Originally conceived for use in WDM and Sonet transport networks, we outline the adaption of the p-cycle concept to an IP environment. In an IP router-based network, p-cycles are implemented with virtual circuits techniques (such as an MPLS label switched path, or other means) to form closed logical loops that protect a number of IP links, or a node. In the event of failure, packets which would normally have been lost are encapsulated with a p-cycle IP address and reenter the routing table, which diverts them onto a protection cycle. They travel by normal forwarding or label switching along the p-cycle until they reach a node where the continuing route cost to the original destination is lower than that at the p-cycle entry node. Diverted packets are deencapsulated (dropped from the p-cycle) at that node and follow a normal (existing) route from there to their destination. Conventional routing protocols such as OSPF remain in place and operate as they do today, to develop a longer term global update to routing tables. Diversionary flows on the p-cycle inherently cease when the global routing update takes effect in response to the failed link or node. The p-cycle thus provides an immediate real-time detour, preventing packet loss, until conventional global routing reconvergence occurs. The aim of the paper is to explain the basic p-cycle concept and its adaptation to both link and node restoration in the IP transport layer, and to outline certain initial results on the problem of optimized design of p-cycle based IP networks.
Improving End-to-End Performance of TCP over Mobile Internetworks (1994)

Reliable tronsport protocols such as TCP use end-toendflow, congestion, and error control mechanisms to provide reliable delivery over an internetwork. However, the end-to-end performance of a TCP connection con suffer significant degradation in the presence of a wireless link. We are exploring alternatives for optimizing end-to-end performance of TCP connections qcross an internetwork consisting of both fixed and mobile networks. The central idea in our opproach is to tronsparently split an end-to-end connection into two separale connections; one over the wireless link and other over the wired poth. The connection over the wireless link mny either use regulor TCP or a specialized transport protocol optimized for better perfornwtnce over o wireless link. Our approach does not require any changes to the existing protocol software on stationary hosts. Results of a systematic performonce evalustion using both our approoch and regular TCP show that our approach yields significant performance improvements.
Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in tumours (1995)

Despite advances in the design and use of chemotherapeutic drugs, the majority of human cancers are resistant to therapy at presentation or become resistant after an initial partial response. This suggests that resistance may be inherent in a tumour cell or may evolve under the selection pressure of drug administration. A number of possible molecular explanations for drug resistance exist. There may be exclusion of drug from the cell, failure to activate the prodrug to its active form, increased detoxification, alteration in the drug target, enhanced repair capability of the cell after injury, or failure to engage an appropriate response, leading to apoptosis in the damaged cell. Many of these factors may co-exist in vivo in human tumours; some are a feature of cell lineage whilst others appear de novo during disease progression. Modulation of these mechanisms has been of some value in laboratory studies but widespread clinical application and benefit remain some way off.
Interleukin 1 and lipopolysaccharide induce an inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator in vivo and in cultured endothelial cells. (1986)

Human IL-1, recombinant murine IL-1 and E. coli LPS were found to be potent inducers of plasminogen activator (PA)-inhibitor activity, both in vivo, in rats, as well as in cultured human endothelial cells. In vivo, LPS rapidly and dose-dependently (0.01-1,000 micrograms/kg) increased plasma PA-inhibitor activity. Infusion of IL-1 into rats resulted in a small but significant increase in PA-inhibitor activity in rat plasma. Likewise, in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, LPS and IL-1 induced increased synthesis of PA-inhibitor. We suggest that the induced rat plasma inhibitor might be of endothelial origin.
Candida‐associated denture stoma titis. Aetiology and management: A review. Part 2. Oral diseases caused by candida species (1998)

Certain systemic conditions and/or defects in the immune system may predispose the host to oral candidal infection and the commonest form of oral candidosis is candida-associated denture stomatitis. Until recently there has been controversy concerning the aetiology of the disease. Although some earlier investigators linked denture stomatitis with trauma or bacterial infection, others had isolated Candida albicans from the mouths of patients with the condition. Current studies indicate that denture stomatitis lesions are associated with the detection of candida species while other factors such as denture hygiene, trauma, systemic diseases and deficiencies of the immune system may be involved.
Mobile Aircrew Restraint System - MARS (2005)

For several decades, aircrew working in the cabin of military helicopters have used a simple nylon chest strap with an adjustable tether. commonly called a "gunner's belt", as their fall protection system. The chest strap is donned and the tether is clipped to various anchor points in the cabin in order to provide fall protection. However. aircrew have been thrown out of the aircraft during mishaps, when using this configuration. This paper discusses the development of a system that provides a substantial improvement in fall and crash protection. The system consists of a webbing retractor that mounts to the aircraft cabin ceiling, extending and retracting webbing as the aircrew moves about the cabin. Attached to the retractor mount is a modified gunner's belt with a shorter tether. Should the aircraft crash or the aircrew fall, the retractor locks, preventing further webbing extraction. By preventing slack from developing, and proper location of the retractor within the aircraft, the system significantly improves the likelihood the aircrew will remain within the cabin. Additional work is underway to eliminate the gunner's belt completely by utilizing the lifting harness already worn as part of the AIRSAVE survival vest, thus distributing the crash or fall loads over the aircrew member's body.
Fault simulation for analog test coverage (2016)

A practical fault simulation methodology for analog circuits in mixed-signal designs is presented. The methodology leverages the mixed-signal simulation environment of a product and performs mixed-signal fault simulation of embedded analog circuits. A set of open-circuit and short-circuit faults are extracted with guidance from layout parasitics, and automatically injected in to the net list. Fault coverage of manufacturing tests on faults in the transmitter of a high speed serial interface design are reported with two different observation criteria. Results indicate the amount of test reduction that can be achieved and the importance of appropriate observation in fault detection.
Intelligent human resource information system (i-HRIS): a holistic decision support framework for HR excellence. (2018)

Nowadays, Human Resource Information System (HRIS) plays a strategic role in the decision making process for effective and efficient Human Resource Management (HRM). For Human Resource (HR) decision making, most of the researchers propose expert systems or knowledge-based systems. Unfortunately, there are some limitations in both of expert system and knowledge-based system. In this paper, we have proposed a framework of Intelligent Human Resource Information System (i-HRIS) applying Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) along with Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) to improve structured, especially semistructured and unstructured HR decision making process. Moreover, the proposed HR IDSS stores and processes information with a set of Artificial Intelligent (AI) tools such as knowledge-based reasoning, machine learning and others. These AI tools are used to discover useful information or knowledge from past data and experience to support decision making process. We have likewise attempted to investigate IDSS applications for HR problems applying hybrid intelligent techniques such as machine learning and knowledge-based approach for new knowledge extraction and prediction. In summation, the proposed framework consists of input subsystems, decision making subsystems and output subsystems with ten HR application modules.
Irreversible processes of spontaneous whisker growth in bimetallic Cu-Sn thin-film reactions (1994)

Using the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, we examine spontaneous interfacial reaction at room temperature in bimetallic Cu-Sn thin films. The reaction forms an intermetallic compound and is interfacial reaction limited. The volume change in forming the compound produces a biaxial compressive stress in the Sn film. The stress results in the growth of Sn whiskers to accompany the reaction. This is a case of an irreversible process of involving the interaction of chemical affinity and mechanical stress. However, the atomic mobility can significantly affect the reaction product and morphology. If the reaction temperature is raised above 100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the compound formation becomes so fast that there is no time to grow whiskers, instead hillocks form. To model the whisker growth (or hillock growth), we assume that whiskers grow at weaker spots on the Sn surface where the surface oxide has been broken. These spots become localized stress relief centers, and they are surrounded by a long-range stress gradient needed for whisker growth.
Influence of Hydrocarbon Storage on the Durability of SCR Catalysts (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a technology capable of meeting Tier 2 Bin 5 emissions levels of oxides of nitrogen (NO<sub>X</sub>) for diesel engines. Base metal zeolite catalysts show the best combination of thermal durability and NO<sub>X</sub> conversion activity. It is shown in this work that some base metal zeolite catalysts can store high levels of hydrocarbons (HCs). Also, base metal zeolite catalysts can catalyze oxidation of HCs under certain conditions. Oxidation of stored hydrocarbons can lead to permanent catalyst deactivation due to the exotherm generated in the SCR catalyst (over-temperature condition leading to SCR catalyst damage). This paper discusses a laboratory bench test to characterize hydrocarbon storage and burn-off characteristics of several SCR catalyst formulations, as well as engine dynamometer tests showing hydrocarbon storage and exotherm generation. The storage of hydrocarbons is primarily a concern at temperatures below around 200°C, and the oxidation occurs at temperatures around 300°C to 350°C. It is shown that improved SCR formulations have lower HC storage and therefore have much less risk of exotherms based on hydrocarbon storage.</div>
On the Art of Compiling and Using 'Drug‐Like' Chemical Fragment Spaces (2008)

To improve current methods for the decomposition of molecules into fragments, we compiled a new and more elaborate set of rules for the breaking of retrosynthetically interesting chemical substructures (BRICS). We also incorporated further medicinal chemistry concepts and compiled differently sized sets of diverse high-quality fragments. Relative to existing methods, BRICS performs much better in retrieving compounds from various large and diverse query sets. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2008/z800178_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The P1073 medical information bus (1989)

The P1073 medical information bus (MIB) family of three proposed IEEE standards, which provide vendor-independent interconnection and interoperability of medical devices and computer systems, is described. The MIB uses a layered network architecture that is compatible with International Standards Organization/Open Systems Interconnection (ISO/OSI) specifications. The standards primarily focus on the acute care environment at the patient's bedside, particularly when this environment is in the intensive care area of the hospital. However, the MIB is suitable for use in other areas such as the operating room or the general ward. The bus can also interface to any general clinical equipment for simple data communication and control purposes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An optimized buffer insertion algorithm with delay-power constraints for VLSI layouts (2017)

We propose a grid-graph algorithm for interconnect routing and buffer insertion in nanometer VLSI layout designs. The algorithm is designed to handle multiconstraint optimizations, namely timing performance and power dissipation. The proposed algorithm is called HRTB-LA, which stands for hybrid routing tree and buffer insertion with look-ahead. In recent VLSI designs, interconnect delay has become a dominant factor compared to gate delay. The well-known technique to minimize the interconnect delay is by inserting buffers along the interconnect wires. However, the buffer itself consumes power and it has been shown that power dissipation overhead due to buffer insertions is significantly high. Many methodologies to optimize timing performance with power constraint have been proposed, and no algorithm is based on dynamic programing technique using a grid graph. In addition, most of the algorithms for buffer insertion use a postrouting buffer insertion approach. In the presence of buffer obstacles, these postrouting algorithms may produce poor solutions. On the other hand, the simultaneous routing and buffer insertion algorithm offers a better solution, but it was proven to be NP complete. Hence, our main contribution is an efficient algorithm using a hybrid approach for multiconstraint optimization for multisink nets. The algorithm uses dynamic programming to compute incrementally the interconnect delay and power dissipation of the inserted buffers while an effective runtime is achieved with the aid of novel look-ahead and graph pruning schemes. Experimental results prove that HRTB-LA is able to handle multiconstraint optimizations and produces a solution up to 30% better compared to a postrouting buffer insertion algorithm in comparable runtime.
Concerning Certain Linear Transformation Apparatus of Cryptography (1931)

(1931). Concerning Certain Linear Transformation Apparatus of Cryptography. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 135-154.
Growth of Magnetic Yard‐Glass Shaped Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Periodic Iron Nanoparticles (2007)

Abstract Novel yard‐glass shaped boron nitride nanotubes (YG‐BNNTs) periodically filled with Fe nanoparticles were synthesized by a catalytic reaction process of ammonia with boron precursors at 1300 °C. Such novel structures were extensively characterized using X‐ray diffraction and advanced electron microscopy. The Fe‐filled boron nitride nanotubes show excellent ferromagnetic properties at room temperature with superior chemical stability. A growth model is proposed for the formation of such novel BN nanostructures.
OFDM and Its Wireless Applications: A Survey (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) effectively mitigates intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by the delay spread of wireless channels. Therefore, it has been used in many wireless systems and adopted by various standards. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on OFDM for wireless communications. We address basic OFDM and related modulations, as well as techniques to improve the performance of OFDM for wireless communications, including channel estimation and signal detection, time- and frequency-offset estimation and correction, peak-to-average power ratio reduction, and multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. We also describe the applications of OFDM in current systems and standards. </para>
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Dibenzyl Formamide Dimethyl Acetal and N,N‐Dibenzyl Chloromethylene Iminium Chloride: Two Complementary Reagents for the Protection of Primary Amines as N,N‐Dibenzyl Formamidines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integrating quality models and static analysis for comprehensive quality assessment (2011)

To assess the quality of software, two ingredients are available today: (1) quality models defining abstract quality characteristics and (2) code analysis tools providing a large variety of metrics. However, there exists a gap between these two worlds. The quality attributes defined in quality models are too abstract to be operationalized. On the other side, the aggregation of the results of static code analysis tools remains a challenge. We address these problems by defining a quality model based on an explicit meta-model. It allows to operationalize quality models by defining how metrics calculated by tools are aggregated. Furthermore, we propose a new approach for normalizing the results of rule-based code analysis tools, which uses the information on the structure of the source code in the quality model. We evaluate the quality model by providing tool support for both developing quality models and conducting automatic quality assessments. Our results indicate that large quality models can be built based on our meta-model. The automatic assessment shows a high correlation between the automatic assessment and an expert-based ranking.