gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyridoxine chemistry. XXII. Selective modifications of the .alpha.4-position of pyridoxol. I. Extension and branching of the 4-side chain (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyridoxine chemistry. XXII. Selective modifications of the .alpha.4-position of pyridoxol. I. Extension and branching of the 4-side chainWsewolod. Korytnyk and Burton. PaulCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 2, 187–191Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00296a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00296a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The superantigenic activity of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B is independent of the protease activity (1999)

The nature of the mitogenic activity of pyrogenic streptococcal exotoxin B, also known as streptococcal cysteine protease, has been debated in the literature. streptococcal exotoxin B has been shown to cleave interleukin-1L precursor and create biologically active interleukin-1L, a major cytokine mediating inflammation and shock. This activity could mimic the mitogenicity and cytokine release induced by superantigens in lymphocyte stimulating experiments. In this study, the protease activity of streptococcal exotoxin B was irreversibly inhibited by covalent binding of a tripeptide and the superantigenic properties of streptococcal exotoxin B were found not to be influenced by this inactivation. Native as well as proteaseinactivated streptococcal exotoxin B was shown to stimulate T-cell proliferation without a need of metabolically active antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, streptococcal exotoxin B-induced T-cell proliferation was shown to require HLA-DQ since addition of HLA-DQ monoclonal antibodies totally inhibited the mitogenic activity of streptococcal exotoxin B, indicating that streptococcal exotoxin B, as other superantigens, makes direct contact with the T-cell receptor via HLA class II. The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between the proteolytic and superantigenic properties of streptococcal exotoxin B.
Stable N-functionalised ‘pincer’ bis carbene ligands and their ruthenium complexes; synthesis and catalytic studies (2002)

Deprotonation of 2,6-bis(arylimidazolium)pyridine dibromide with KN(SiMe3)2 gave thermally stable 2,6-bis(arylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine, which was further used to prepare ruthenium ‘pincer’ complexes; the latter show catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds.
Rapid, Sensitive, and Discriminating Identification of<i>Naegleria</i>spp. by Real-Time PCR and Melting-Curve Analysis (2006)

The free-living amoeboflagellate genus Naegleria includes one pathogenic and two potentially pathogenic species (Naegleria fowleri, Naegleria italica, and Naegleria australiensis) plus numerous benign organisms. Monitoring of bathing water, water supplies, and cooling systems for these pathogens requires a timely and reliable method for identification, but current DNA sequence-based methods identify only N. fowleri or require full sequencing to identify other species in the genus. A novel closed-tube method for distinguishing thermophilic Naegleria species is presented, using a single primer set and the DNA intercalating dye SYTO9 for real-time PCR and melting-curve analysis of the 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene and flanking noncoding spacers (ITS1, ITS2). Collection of DNA melting data at close temperature intervals produces highly informative melting curves with one or more recognizable melting peaks, readily distinguished for seven Naegleria species and the related Willaertia magna. Advantages over other methods used to identify these organisms include its comprehensiveness (encompassing all species tested to date), simplicity (no electrophoresis required to verify the product), and sensitivity (unambiguous identification from DNA equivalent to one cell). This approach should be applicable to a wide range of microorganisms of medical importance.
Investigation of a combined power control scheme for a time-division duplex CDMA system (2002)

Time-Division Duplex (TDD)-CDMA technique is now accepted as a candidate of 3/sup rd/ generation mobile communication system (IMT-2000). As for Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, power control is essential to mitigate the "Near-Far" effect and improve the system performance. A TDD system requires a special power control scheme due to its link characteristics. In this paper we present a combined power control in TDD and also investigate its performance by computer simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed power control scheme can overcome the deficiency of open-loop power control and work well in a TDD-CDMA scenario.
Rebound of Macular Edema With Continued Use of Methazolamide in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa (1993)

Results from these few subjects suggest that at least a partial rebound of macular edema seen angiographically may occur with the continued use of methazolamide in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and chronic macular edema. Further study is required to determine if this rebound effect also occurs in treatment of other ocular disorders with chronic macular edema.
Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II): a novel inducer of lymphocyte apoptosis (2004)

The novel, proinflammatory cytokine endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II) was first found in tumor cell supernatants. EMAP-II is closely related or identical to the p43 auxiliary protein of the multisynthase complex, which is involved in protein synthesis. In vitro, EMAP-II induces procoagulant activity, increased expression of E- and P-selectins and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, and ultimately, programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cultured endothelial cells. EMAP-II is also chemotactic for monocytes and neutrophils. However, the role of the p43/EMAP-II cytokine form in tumors is not understood. We hypothesized an immune-regulatory role within neoplastic tissues and investigated its effects on lymphocytes. EMAP-II causes a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in Jurkat T cells and mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Coculture with DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells or media conditioned by these cells induces apoptosis in Jurkat cells, which is partially reversed by antibodies against EMAP-II. Our data suggest that EMAP-II constitutes a component of a novel, immunosuppressive pathway in solid tumors, which is not normally expressed outside the cell but in tumors, may be subject to abnormal processing and released from tumor cells.
Hand hygiene monitoring and real-time prompting system (2012)

We describe the details of the latest generation of hand hygiene (HH) monitoring and reminding system developed at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute and present the summary of the pilot clinical tests.
The relationship of vibriocidal antibody titre to susceptibility to cholera in family contacts of cholera patients. (1968)

A bacteriological and serological study of family contacts of 81 cholera patients was carried out in Dacca, East Pakistan. In the 10-day follow-up, 78 (16.7%) of 466 contacts were found to be infected with Vibrio cholerae; half of them were symptomatic and 29 had to be admitted to hospital. A study of serum pairs revealed a 4-fold, or greater, rise in titre in 86% of those infected in whom diarrhoea was present, and in 77% of individuals with inapparent infections. The infection rate fell markedly with age. Serological tests for vibriocidal antibody on blood specimens collected at the initiation of the follow-up revealed higher titres with increasing age. Vibrio cholerae infection, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, predominantly occurred in individuals with low titres.
Rapid Isolation of Type II Pneumocytes with Magnetic Removal of Macrophages (1983)

A method is described for the rapid preparation of lung cell fractions enriched in type II alveolar pneumocytes. Isolated perfused rabbit lungs are exposed to Fe3O4 by tracheal lavage, which permits pulmonary alveolar macrophages to phagocytize the particles. Alveolar epithelial cells are then selectively freed from the basement membrane matrix by critical placement of collagenase and elastase. Detached cells are harvested either by repeated tracheal lavage or by mincing the lobes and filtering freed cells through a series of nylon mesh sieves. Iron oxide-containing macrophages are then removed from the harvested cells by a strong magnetic field. A final sizing of the macrophage-depleted suspension yields a preparation enriched in alveolar type II cells. Eight million viable cells (95% type II) were obtained per rabbit lung when harvested by lavage, while 32 x 10(6) (88% type II) cells were obtained from minced lungs. These values for cell yield and relative purity are comparable to previously described separation methods that depend upon differences in cell density or size. A major advantage of the magnetic separation procedure is the substantially shortened preparation time, typically 2 hr instead of 4. The viability (90-95%), oxygen consumption (88 nmol/10(6) cells/hr), and incorporation of [14C]acetate and [14C]choline (0.44 and 0.115 nmol/10(6) cells/hr, respectively) indicate that these cells will be suitable for pharmacologic and toxicologic investigation.
Erratum: Parametric amplification in Josephson junction embedded transmission lines [Phys. Rev. B<b>87</b>, 144301 (2013)] (2013)

Received 20 September 2013DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.219904©2013 American Physical Society
Platelet Function Testing in Cardiovascular Diseases (2004)

ase presentation 1: Mr F. is a 60-year-old man with unstable angina who takes aspirin, 81 mg/day.A platelet function test demonstrates that his platelets are "resistant" to aspirin.Should his treatment be changed?Case presentation 2: Mr K. is a 60year-old man with unstable angina who takes aspirin, 81 mg/day, and clopidogrel, 75 mg/day.A platelet function test demonstrates that his platelets are "resistant" to clopidogrel.Should his treatment be changed? Normal Platelet FunctionPlatelets are small cells of great importance in thrombosis, hemorrhage, and inflammation. 1Formation of the hemostatic plug at sites of vascular injury is described in Figure 1.Platelets localize, amplify, and sustain the coagulant response at the injury site and release procoagulant platelet-derived microparticles.Platelets contain a variety of inflammatory modulators (eg, CD40 ligand [CD40L]) that are released on platelet activation. Platelet Function Testing in Cardiovascular DiseasesPlatelets have an increasingly welldefined critical role in coronary artery thrombosis 3 and in other common car-diovascular diseases, including stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. 1Although the role of platelets in thrombosis is well characterized, platelets may also have a role in the pathogenesis of the underlying atherosclerotic process. 3Platelet function tests have been studied in cardiovascular disease as a means to predict clinical outcomes and to monitor antiplatelet drugs.Table 1 summarizes these tests. Use of Platelet Function Tests to Monitor Antiplatelet DrugsAspirin reduces the odds of a serious arterial thrombotic event in high-risk patients by Ϸ25%. 14However, 10% to
The making of a tight junction (1993)

MDCK (epithelial cells from the dog kidney) plated at confluence, establish tight junctions in 12-15 hours through a process that requires protein synthesis, formation of a ring of actin filaments in close contact with the lateral membrane of the cells, calmodulin, and a Ca(2+)-dependent exocytic fusion of tight junction (TJ)-associated components. Monolayers incubated in the absence Ca2+ make no TJs. Yet, if Ca2+ is added under these circumstances, TJs are made with a faster kinetics. Ca2+ is needed mainly at a site located on the outer side of the cell membrane, where it activates uvomorulin and triggers the participation of the cellular components mentioned above, via G-proteins associated with phospholipase C and protein kinase C. In principle, the sites of all these molecules and mechanisms involved in junction formation may be where a variety of agents (hormones, drugs, metabolites) act to produce epithelia with a transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) ranging from 10 to 10,000 omega.cm2. This range may be also due to a variety of substances found in serum and in urine, that increase the TER in a reversible and dose-dependent manner.
Lanczos and linear systems (1991)

Lanczos's major contributions to the numerical solution of linear equations are contained in two papers: ``An Iteration Method for the Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem of Linear Differential and Integral Operators'' and ``Solutions of Linear Equations by Minimized Iterations,'' the second of which contains the method of conjugate gradients. In this note we retrace Lanczos's journey from Krylov sequences to conjugate gradients. (Also cross-referenced as UMIACS-TR-91-47)
Auxetic behaviour from rotating rigid units (2005)

Abstract Auxetic materials exhibit the unexpected feature of becoming fatter when stretched and narrower when compressed, in other words, they exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio. This counter‐intuitive behaviour imparts many beneficial effects on the material's macroscopic properties that make auxetics superior to conventional materials in many commercial applications. Recent research suggests that auxetic be‐haviour generally results from a cooperative effect between the material's internal structure (geometry setup) and the deformation mechanism it undergoes when submitted to a stress. Auxetic behaviour is also known to be scale‐independent, and thus, the same geometry/deformation mechanism may operate at the macro‐, micro‐ and nano‐ (molecular) level. A considerable amount of research has been focused on the ‘re‐entrant honeycomb structure’ which exhibits auxetic behaviour if deformed through hinging at the joints or flexure of the ribs, and it was proposed that this ‘re‐entrant’ geometry plays an impor‐ tant role in generating auxetic behaviour in various forms of materials ranging from nanostructured polymers to foams. This paper discusses an alternative mode of deformation involving ‘rotating rigid units’ which also results in negative Poisson's ratios. In its most ideal form, this mechanism may be construc‐ ted in two dimensions using ‘rigid polygons’ connected together through hinges at their vertices. On application of uniaxial loads, these ‘rigid polygons’ rotate with respect to each other to form a more open structure hence giving rise to a negative Poisson's ratio. This paper also discusses the role that ‘rotating rigid units’ are thought to have in various classes of materials to give rise to negative Poisson's ratios. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Collagen-induced arthritis in rhesus monkeys: evaluation of markers for inflammation and joint degradation (1998)

The objective of this study was to analyse parameters in rhesus monkey collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with which the inflammation and destruction of the joints can be described in quantitative terms. CIA was induced in genetically susceptible and resistant monkeys, which can be distinguished on the basis of the dominant resistance marker Mamu-A26. The disease course was monitored daily using a semiquantitative scoring system. Plasma samples were collected once or twice weekly and analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP). Urines were collected overnight once a week and analysed for excretion rates of the collagen cross-links hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP). The results show that periods of active CIA are characterized by substantial weight loss and increased plasma CRP levels, followed shortly thereafter by increased excretion rates of the collagen cross-links HP and LP. Remission of the disease can be recognized by a decline in plasma CRP levels and especially an increase in body weight. The highest CRP levels were found in the most severely arthritic monkeys, indicating a possible relationship of the absolute plasma CRP levels to the severity of inflammation. During periods of active arthritis, increased excretion rates of collagen cross-links HP and LP in the urine were found. In particular, the major collagen cross-link in articular cartilage, HP, showed a strong increase (9- to 15-fold). The excretion rates of LP, which is considered as a bone-specific degradation marker, only increased 4- to 6-fold, thus indicating predominant destruction of cartilage and less of bone. In conclusion, the severity of CIA can be monitored in a quantitative manner using plasma CRP levels, urinary excretion rates of HP and LP, and body weights, superimposed on semiquantitative clinical scores. The parameters also facilitate a more objective assessment of the effect of anti-arthritic drugs in the model than with the clinical scores alone.
Oxidation of Synthetic and Natural Samples of Enargite and Tennantite:  2. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study (1999)

The surface oxidation of synthetic and natural samples of enargite and tennantite has been monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS. The minerals were conditioned at pH 11.0 in an aqueous solution purged with nitrogen gas for 20 min or with oxygen gas for 60 min. The XPS results show that the oxidation layer on the mineral surface is thin. The surface oxidation products comprise copper and arsenic oxide/hydroxide, sulfite, and a sulfur-rich layer made of metal-deficient sulfide and/or polysulfide. The proportion of all of these oxidation products at the mineral surface is more important when the minerals are treated in more oxidizing conditions (i.e., with oxygen gas and for a longer time) for tennantite than for enargite and for the natural samples than for the synthetic samples. Different arsenic sulfide species have been found at the surfaces of enargite and tennantite: As4S4 or As2S3 constitutes the major arsenic sulfide species at the surface of enargite, but these are the minor arsenic sulfide species at the surface of tennantite and in the bulk of both minerals. This difference is not related to a surface impurity in the natural enargite sample as it is also observed in the synthetic enargite sample.
Pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of incontinence. (1993)

This study assessed the effectiveness of a pelvic floor rehabilitation program in a clinical practice. A retrospective convenience sample of 48 women was evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment with follow-up interviews from six months to three years. This group consisted of 81% with stress urinary incontinence, 6% with unstable bladder and 10% with mixed incontinence. Fecal incontinence was present as well in 35% of the subjects. The patients were taught pelvic floor muscle exercises and instruction reinforced with electromyographic biofeedback. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation was used when clinically indicated. Two women did not continue the program beyond the first visit and were excluded. Sixty-two percent of patients with two or more visits demonstrated an improvement. Thirteen percent were completely dry, and 49% demonstrated a significant improvement. Patients with genuine stress urinary incontinence, unstable bladder and mixed incontinence showed a 66%, 33% and 50% improvement rate, respectively. Fecal incontinence was improved in 63% of women trained in pelvic floor muscle exercises. A significant decrease (P < .001) was found in the frequency of self-reported leakage at the six-month to three-year follow-up. The strength and duration of a pelvic muscle contraction was significantly greater between the first and last visit in all patients, regardless of the subjective improvement. A pelvic floor rehabilitation program was an effective alternative to surgical intervention in reducing the frequency of urinary leakage. Further studies are needed to identify factors predicting success and to determine the most cost-effective method of achieving pelvic floor rehabilitation.
Fumarate-Mediated Inhibition of Erythrose Reductase, a Key Enzyme for Erythritol Production by <i>Torula corallina</i> (2002)

Torula corallina, a strain presently being used for the industrial production of erythritol, has the highest erythritol yield ever reported for an erythritol-producing microorganism. The increased production of erythritol by Torula corallina with trace elements such as Cu(2+) has been thoroughly reported, but the mechanism by which Cu(2+) increases the production of erythritol has not been studied. This study demonstrated that supplemental Cu(2+) enhanced the production of erythritol, while it significantly decreased the production of a major by-product that accumulates during erythritol fermentation, which was identified as fumarate by instrumental analyses. Erythrose reductase, a key enzyme that converts erythrose to erythritol in T. corallina, was purified to homogeneity by chromatographic methods, including ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. In vitro, purified erythrose reductase was significantly inhibited noncompetitively by increasing the fumarate concentration. In contrast, the enzyme activity remained almost constant regardless of Cu(2+) concentration. This suggests that supplemental Cu(2+) reduced the production of fumarate, a strong inhibitor of erythrose reductase, which led to less inhibition of erythrose reductase and a high yield of erythritol. This is the first report that suggests catabolite repression by a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate in T. corallina.