gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Newer anticonvulsants in the treatment of bipolar disorder. (2004)

The anticonvulsants valproate and carbamazepine have efficacy in treating acute mania, but their efficacy in treating acute bipolar depression and preventing mood episodes remains uncertain. Despite this, and given their utility and widespread use, both are widely accepted as standard treatments for bipolar disorder. All the newer anticonvulsants that have become available during the last decade have been or are being assessed to determine their efficacy in the treatment of various phases of bipolar disorder. Among the newer anticonvulsants, some appear to have efficacy in treating core bipolar symptoms, while others have efficacy in treating psychiatric comorbidity such as substance abuse or an anxiety disorder. Lamotrigine is the most widely studied and is effective in treating and preventing bipolar depression, and it is the only anticonvulsant approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder. Other newer anticonvulsants, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, and zonisamide offer promise, but further studies are required before they can be recommended for routine use to treat bipolar disorder. Gabapentin and topiramate do not appear to have efficacy in treating acute mania, but their utility in bipolar depression and prevention of mood episodes has not been studied in double-blind trials. Pregabalin has utility in treating generalized anxiety disorder, but it has not been studied in bipolar disorder. Given the success of lamotrigine in treating bipolar disorder, further double-blind controlled trials of the newer anticonvulsants in treating bipolar disorder are warranted. This article summarizes current evidence from trials of anticonvulsants in bipolar disorder and makes recommendations for their clinical use.
The synthesis of silicon and germanium quantum dots for biomedical applications (2006)

Silicon quantum dots have been synthesized in micelles. Particle sizes have been ascertained by transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The surface of the silicon and germanium particles produced have been modified to produce hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles by reaction with either with 1-heptene or allylamine respectively. For biological applications control of the surface character of the nanocrystals is essential. FTIR spectra show the surface modification of the particles by 1-heptene or allylamine.
Vasopressin-, angiotensin II-, and alpha 1-adrenergic-induced inhibition of Ca2+ transport by rat liver plasma membrane vesicles. (1984)

A rapid method for isolating highly purified rat liver plasma membrane vesicles using isotonic medium and Percoll self-forming gradient centrifugation is described. The vesicles were characterized by enzyme markers and electron microscopy. The method also yielded a fraction rich in nuclei. The vesicles transported Ca2+ in an ATP-dependent manner and this was enhanced by oxalate. The Vmax for Ca2+ uptake was 0.65 +/- 0.08 nmol/mg X min, which was approximately 18-fold higher than for other liver plasma membrane preparations, and the Km for Ca2+ was 5.2 +/- 0.4 nM. Calcium uptake was inhibited by 40-50% in vesicles isolated from rat livers perfused for 3 min with 10(-7)M vasopressin. The half-maximally effective concentration of vasopressin was 5 X 10(-10)M which correlates with that for raising cytosolic Ca2+ and phosphorylase a. Inhibition was not significant in vesicles from livers perfused with vasopressin for only 1 min, indicating that inhibition of the Ca2+ pump may not be involved in the rise in cytosolic Ca2+ observed at 1-2 s with this hormone. Epinephrine (10(-5)M) and angiotensin II (10(-7)M) inhibited Ca2+ uptake by 31 +/- 10 and 26 +/- 5%, respectively, at 3 min. Glucagon (10(-7)M) had no effect. It is proposed that the inhibitory action of the Ca2+-dependent hormones on the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump plays an important role in the actions of these hormones by prolonging the elevation in cytosolic Ca2+.
Error correction for increasing the usable capacity of photorefractive memories (1994)

Conventional error-correction coding techniques can be used to reduce the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required for achievement an acceptable bit-error rate and can therefore be used to increase the maximum number of pages that can be stored in a photorefractive memory. Because error-correction bits will exact some cost per page in terms of memory capacity, we address the question of when the gain in capacity surpasses this cost. It is found that a factor-of-2 improvement in capacity can be readily achieved.
eMir : Digital Signs that react to Audience Emotion (2009)

Abstract: In this paper we present eMir, digital signage (public electronic displays) that show human faces which react to audience emotion. Using a camera installed at the sign, the system observes the audience and detects whether someone watches the display via face detection software. The face detection is able to classify facial expressions and determine gender. This information is used to let a human character on the screen react accordingly and encourage interaction with the face/sign. The system has been deployed for one month on a digital sign in a university building. We present experiences with the system, our findings from the collected interaction data and results from interviews with eight users. 1
Excited-state proton-transfer reactions in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole. Role of triplet states (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited-state proton-transfer reactions in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole. Role of triplet statesA. Mordzinski and K. H. GrellmannCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 22, 5503–5506Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100280a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100280a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
C-telopeptides of type I collagen in postmenopausal women: an experience in a Tunisian clinical laboratory. (2010)

The total increase and significance for CTX was greater in the group of osteoporotic women and appeared therefore to be a good bone turnover marker in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in comparison with ALP and bone ALP. The cut-off value of CTX 0.55 pg/ml may improve the sensitivity and specificity of prediction of future fractures.
Acacetin inhibits cell growth and cell cycle progression, and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: structure-activity relationship with linarin and linarin acetate (2005)

This study was carried out to assess the anticancer efficacy of linarin (LN), linarin acetate (LA) and acacetin (AC), the flavonoid compounds with the same flavone ring structure but different substitution, against human prostate cancer (PCA), LNCaP and DU145 cells. LN was isolated and purified from Chrysanthemum zawadskii; LA was chemically synthesized from LN, and AC obtained commercially. In each case, the cells were treated with these agents at 25-100 microM doses for 24-72 h. LN and LA showed moderate cell growth inhibition with different time kinetics as compared to AC. LN caused up to a 5-fold increase in cell death and LA enhanced cell death by up to 4-fold with the increase in treatment time in both cell lines. AC showed a time- as well as dose-dependent stronger cell growth inhibition (20-70%) accompanied by cell death as compared to LN and LA in both the cell lines. LN or LA did not show any profound effect on cell cycle arrest except for a moderate G1 arrest, whereas, AC showed a stronger G1 and/or G2-M arrest depending on the doses and treatment times. G1 arrest was associated with an increase in Cip1/p21 and a decrease in CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 protein levels. G2-M arrest was associated with a decrease in Cdc25C, Cdc2/p34 and cyclin B1, which were more prominent in LNCaP compared to DU145 cells. LN, LA and AC induced cell death was associated with significant increase in apoptosis induction (up to 5-6-fold) accompanied by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Overall, AC showed more potent anticancer efficacy among these three flavonoids, which was diminished when its flavone ring was modified by disaccharide rhamnose substitution at C7 (LN) or acetylation of this substituted group (LA). These findings, for the first time, revealed the structural determinants in anticancer efficacy and mechanisms of these three flavonoids against human PCA cells.
The compensation condition in hadron calorimeters by the filtering effect (1990)

Experimental evidence has been found for a filtering effect on the soft electron component in electromagnetic showers when combinations of low-Z and high-Z materials are used as absorbers. The filtering effect can be fully exploited to reduce the electromagnetic calorimeter response, making it possible to achieve the compensation condition in a Si/Fe+Pb calorimeter with an effective interaction length almost equal to that of Fe. The action of Fe on Pb, by modifying the critical energy during the electromagnetic shower development, leads to a yield of soft electrons (and very few photons) that are stopped in subsequent absorber layers and/or absorbed by the G10 plates. Recent measurements performed with an enlarged Si/Fe+Pb calorimeter support the idea; the authors have shown that an electromagnetic energy smaller than the hadronic energy is possible once particular FePb configurations are used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Epidermal growth factor receptor function in early mammalian development (1995)

We review here the data indicating a role for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF receptor) signalling in early mouse development. Embryonic development of the metazoan embryo generally begins with the formation of a cystic structure and epithelial layers that subsequently form anlagen of the definitive body parts and organs. For the mammalian embryo, this cystic structure is a blastocyst whose wall consists of trophectoderm, the first epithelium to develop during mammalian embryogenesis. The onset of expression and function of EGF receptors is coincident with the onset of trophectoderm development. Modulating EGF receptor expression and function modulates trophectoderm differentiation, leading to the hypothesis that functional EGF receptors participate in the induction of trophectoderm development and perhaps of other embryonic epithelial derivatives such as nervous tissues.
GaInAsP/InP lasers with etched mirrors by reactive ion etching using a mixture of ethane and hydrogen (1989)

A reactive ion etching method is applied to fabricate mirrors of 1.5 μm GaInAsP/InP mass transport lasers using a mixture of ethane and hydrogen as an etchant. Threshold currents as low as 35 mA are achieved for the 300-μm-long cavity lasers with one etched and one cleaved facet. The differential quantum efficiencies of the lasers with one dry etched facet and both dry etched facets are 13 and 9.5%, respectively.
Dominant inhibitory mutants of ARF1 block endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport and trigger disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. (1994)

Using three different trans dominant mutants of bovine ARF1 affecting GDP exchange or GTP hydrolysis we demonstrate the central role of ARF1 in controlling vesicular traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and between successive Golgi compartments. Overexpression of ARF1(Q71L), a mutant likely to be restricted to the GTP-bound form, resulted in the accumulation of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein in pre-Golgi intermediates, inhibited transport between successive Golgi compartments, and led to a striking association of beta-COP with pre-Golgi intermediates and the Golgi stack. In contrast, ARF1(T31N), a mutant which is likely to have a preferential affinity for GDP compared to the wild-type protein, inhibited export from the ER and triggered a brefeldin A-like phenotype, resulting in the redistribution of beta-COP from Golgi membranes to the cytosol and the collapse of the Golgi into the ER. This mutant, which may efficiently sequester an ARF-specific guanine nucleotide-exchange protein (ARF-GEF), suggests that ARF and ARF-GEF are essential for export from the ER. These results are discussed in the context of the GDP and GTP-bound forms of ARF in controlling both membrane structure and vesicular traffic through the early secretory pathway.
DNA Electron Microscopy - Part (1981)

In recent years DNA electron microscopy has become a tool of increasing interest in the fields of molecular genetics and molecular and cell biology. Together with the development of in vitro recombination and DNA cloning, new electron microscope techniques have been developed with the aim of studying the structural and functional organization of genetic material. The most important methods are based on nucleic acid hybridizations: DNA-DNA hybridization (heteroduplex, D-loop), RNA-DNA hybridization (R-loop), or combinations of both (R-hybrid). They allow both qualitative and quantitative analysis of gene organization, position and extension of homology regions, and characterization of transcription. The reproducibility and resolution of these methods make it possible to map a specific DNA region within 50 to 100 nucleotides. Therefore they have become a prerequisite for determining regions of interest for subsequent nucleotide sequencing. Special methods have been developed also for the analysis of protein-DNA interaction: e.g., direct visualization of specific protein-DNA complexes (enzymes, regulatory proteins), and analysis of structures with higher complexity (chromatin, transcription complexes).
Spatial distribution of luminance of light emitted by optical fibers (2003)

In the paper a detailed theoretical analysis of the propagation of optical radiation and the energy losses of this radiation in short sections of optical fibers is presented. A laboratory stand for experimental verification of the theoretical results obtained is also described.
Immune suppression in the early stage of COVID-19 disease (2020)

The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic. The pathogenesis of this infectious disease and how it differs from other drivers of pneumonia is unclear. Here we analyze urine samples from COVID-19 infection cases, healthy donors and non-COVID-19 pneumonia cases using quantitative proteomics. The molecular changes suggest that immunosuppression and tight junction impairment occur in the early stage of COVID-19 infection. Further subgrouping of COVID-19 patients into moderate and severe types shows that an activated immune response emerges in severely affected patients. We propose a two-stage mechanism of pathogenesis for this unusual viral infection. Our data advance our understanding of the clinical features of COVID-19 infections and provide a resource for future mechanistic and therapeutics studies.
Environmental fate and toxicology of fipronil (2007)

Fipronil is a relatively new insecticide that controls a broad spectrum of insects at low field application rates. It is a “new generation” insecticide because its mode of action, interference with the normal function of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated channels, differs from the classical insecticides, such as organophosphates and carbamates, to which some insects have developed resistance. Fipronil is extensively used throughout the world and numerous studies have evaluated its toxicity and environmental fate. However, a concise review summarizing and combining the recent scientific findings available in the scientific literature is lacking even though the pesticide has been found to be highly toxic to some aquatic organisms. Thus, this document evaluates, summarizes, and combines important toxicological and environmental fate information from recent scientific articles and other literature to produce a detailed review of fipronil.
Sequencing the yeast genome: An international achievement (1994)

Abstract The yeast genome is currently being sequenced by a Consortium of European laboratories, in collaboration with a wider international network of researchers. It is expected that within the next two years Saccharomyces cerevisiae will become the first eukaryotic organism to have been completely genetically mapped and sequenced. This article traces the sequencing enterprise from its beginnings, outlining the intentions, the organisation, and the achievements so far. The tasks which remain are discussed, emphasising the follow‐on research into the evolution of primitive karyotypes, and, more particularly, into the nature of novel genes revealed during sequencing. The functional analysis of novel genes is attracting an ever wider community of yeast scientists, so that research which began with a decision to sequence a simple genome promises to remain a focus for international cooperation.
Material parameter characterization of multilayer LTCC and implementation of high Q resonators (2003)

This paper presents experimental data of material loss and dielectric properties for a multilayer LTCC substrate using /spl lambda//4 resonators. Q values comparison has been made between traditional balanced stripline resonators and unbalanced stripline resonators in this substrate. Relation between conductor loss and resonator geometry in this substrate is presented. We demonstrate that LTCC can be a high performance substrate for future personal communication system applications.
State Legal Research Guides (1984)

The author analyzes and compares 17 state legal research guides and sets forth elements that a useful guide should contain. Henke's California Law Guide is set forth as a model. Useful aids and features are discussed. Less desirable items are also noted. The article discusses the need for a section on finding legislative intent. In the article also is a section on bibliographies of state publications and a section on illustrations, diagrams and lists. Finally, the author notes the need for information on proper state legal citation and for a good index. A list of existing state guides concludes the article.
Bismuth-Doped Tin Oxide-Coated Carbon Nanotube Network: Improved Anode Stability and Efficiency for Flow-Through Organic Electrooxidation (2013)

In this study, a binder-free, porous, and conductive 3D carbon-nanotube (CNT) network uniformly coated with bismuth-doped tin oxide (BTO) nanoparticles was prepared via a simple electrosorption-hydrothermal method and utilized for the electrooxidative filtration of organics. The BTO-CNT nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, and Tafel analysis. The submonolayer BTO coating is composed of 3.9±1.5 nm diameter nanoparticles (NPs). The oxygen-evolution potential of the BTO-CNT nanocomposite was determined to be 1.71 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which is 440 mV higher than an uncoated CNT anode. Anodic stability, characterized by CNT oxidative corrosion to form dissolved species, indicated that the BTO-CNT incurred negligible corrosion up to Vanode=2.2 V, whereas the uncoated CNT was compromised at Vanode≥1.4 V. The effect of metal oxide-nanoparticle coating on anodic performance was initially studied by oxalate oxidation followed by total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis. The BTO-CNT displayed the best performance, with ∼98% oxalate oxidation (1.2 s filter residence time) and current efficiencies in the range of 32 to >99%. The BTO-CNT anode energy consumption was 25.7 kW h kgCOD(-1) at ∼93% TOC removal and 8.6 kW h kgCOD(-1) at ∼50% TOC removal, comparable to state-of-the-art oxalate oxidation processes (22.5-81.7 kW h kgCOD(-1)). The improved reactivity, current efficiency, and energy consumption are attributed to the increased conductivity, oxygen-evolution potential, and stability of the BTO-CNT anode. The effectiveness and efficiency of the BTO-CNT anode as compared to the uncoated CNT was further investigated by the electrooxidative filtration of ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, and formate, and it was determined to have TOC removals 2 to 8 times greater, mineralization current efficiencies 1.5 to 3.5 times greater, and energy consumption 4 to 5 times less than the uncoated CNT anode. Electrooxidation and anode passivation mechanisms are discussed.
A wideband coplanar stripline to microstrip transition (2001)

A wideband coplanar stripline (CPS)-to-microstrip line was developed. The transition has a simple structure for the ease of fabrication with low cost. The measured performance of two back-to-back transitions exhibits an insertion loss of less than 3 dB and a return loss of better than 10 dB over a bandwidth from 1.3 GHz to 13.3 GHz (1:10.2). For narrower bandwidth, an insertion loss of less than 1 dB with a return loss of better than 10 dB was achieved from 1.4 GHz to 7.3 GHz (1:5.2).
Alteration of Cell-Surface Proteins by Viral Transformation and by Proteolysis (1973)

Putative cell-surface proteins of tissue-culture cells were identified by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, a technique that attaches label only to proteins outside the cell membrane. Evidence is presented that these proteins are cell derived, not contaminating serum proteins. On "normal" cells, which exhibit density dependence of growth, one protein of high molecular weight was particularly readily iodinated. This protein was easily removed by mild proteolytic digestion, and, in virus-transformed cells, was either absent or unavailable for iodination. The possible relevance of these observations to the control of growth in cell culture is discussed.
p63 induces key target genes required for epidermal morphogenesis (2007)

Mice lacking p63, a single gene that encodes a group of transcription factors that either contain (TA) or lack (DeltaN) a transactivation domain, fail to develop stratified epithelia as well as epithelial appendages and limbs. DeltaNp63 isoforms are predominantly expressed during late embryonic and postnatal epidermal development, however, the function of these proteins remains elusive. Using an epidermal-specific inducible knockdown mouse model, we demonstrate that DeltaNp63 proteins are essential for maintaining basement membrane integrity and terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Furthermore, we have identified two DeltaNp63alpha target genes that mediate these processes. We propose that DeltaNp63alpha initially induces expression of the extracellular matrix component Fras1, which is required for maintaining the integrity of the epidermal-dermal interface at the basement membrane. Subsequently, induction of IkappaB kinase-alpha by DeltaNp63alpha initiates epidermal terminal differentiation resulting in the formation of the spinous layer. Our data provide insights into the role of DeltaNp63alpha in epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis, and may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying disorders caused by p63 mutations.