gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Receptor-Mediated IL-6 and CC/CXC Chemokines Expression in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) and STAT3 Pathways (2010)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays a pivotal role in allergic diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and atopic dermatitis. Enhanced TSLP expression has been detected in asthmatic airways that correlated with both the expression of Th2-attracting chemokines and with disease severity. Although cumulative evidence suggests that human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells can initiate or perpetuate the airway inflammation by secreting a variety of inflammatory cell products such as cytokines and chemokines, the role of TSLP in this pathway is not known. In the current study, we sought to investigate whether HASM cells express the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) and whether it is functional. We first demonstrated that primary HASM cells express the transcript and protein of both TSLPR subunits (TSLPR and IL-7Ralpha). Functionally, TSLPR-mediated HASM activation induced a significant increase in CXC (IL-8/CXCL8), CC (eotaxin-1/CCL11) chemokines, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression. Furthermore, using biochemical and genetic approaches, we found that TSLP-induced proinflammatory gene expression in HASM involved the transcriptional mechanisms, MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), and STAT3 activation. Finally, TSLPR immunoreactivity in bronchial sections from mild allergic asthmatics suggested the potential in vivo TSLP targeting of HASM. Altogether, our data suggest that the TSLPR-mediated HASM activation induces proinflammatory cytokine and chemokines release that may facilitate inflammatory immune cells recruitment in airways. In addition, it may be inferred that TSLPR is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma through the activation of HASM cells by TSLP.
Subthalamic high frequency stimulation resets subthalamic firing and reduces abnormal oscillations (2005)

High frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established therapeutic approach for the treatment of late-stage Parkinson's disease. Although the underlying cause of this illness remains a mystery, changes in firing rate and synchronized activity in different basal ganglia nuclei have been related to its symptoms. Here we investigated the impact of STN-HFS on firing rate as well as correlated and oscillatory activity in the STN network in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned non-human primates by using simultaneous extracellular single-unit recordings. STN-HFS reduced (i) the firing rate of STN neurons, (ii) the oscillatory activity at an individual STN neuron level as well as (iii) the correlated and oscillatory activity between pairs of STN neurons, while contralateral rigidity was improved. A detailed analysis showed that the decrease of mean firing rate resulted from the resetting of firing probability to virtually zero by the stimulus pulse. Subsequently, STN neurons resumed their activity after a mean duration of 2.9 +/- 0.1 ms and their firing probability returned to baseline values approximately 7 ms after the onset of the stimulus pulse, the recovery of the firing probability being represented by a sigmoid function. Thus, the overall decrease of the mean firing rate resulted from the repetition of this dynamical process with a frequency of 130 Hz (interstimulus interval approximately 7.7 ms), allowing the neuron to fire with its baseline firing rate only for a very short period. Although the mechanisms underlying the desynchronization of neuronal activity in the STN network remain unclear, the resetting of STN neuron firing probability by the electrical stimulus would rather be expected to increase oscillatory activity at an individual neuron level as well as correlated and oscillatory activity between pairs of STN neurons. However, assuming the resetting of firing rate to be the consequence of a transient GABAergic inhibition through excitation of presynaptic GABAergic axon terminals, different recovery periods of STN neurons might delay the appearance of synchronized oscillations, particularly if they are not generated locally. In conclusion, our study provides new evidence that STN-HFS decreases oscillatory activity in the STN network. Although the exact relation between oscillatory activity and Parkinson's disease symptoms remains to be determined, the present results suggest that STN-HFS might at least partially exert its beneficial effects through the reduction of oscillatory activity in the STN network and consequently in the entire cortex-basal ganglia-cortex network.
Progress in optics (1996)

Front Cover; Progress in Optics; Copyright; Table of Contents; Preface; Chapter 1. Optical Pulse Propagation in Biological Media: Theory and Numerical Methods; 1. Introduction; 2. Light Scattering; 3. Photon Transport Equation; 4. Numerical Methods; 5. Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 2. Manipulating Light Statesby Single-Photon Addition and Subtraction; 1. Introduction; 2. Single-Photon Operators for Manipulating Quantum Information; 3. Single-Photon Addition; 4. Single-Photon Subtraction; 5. Sequences and Superpositions of Single-Photon Operators; 6. Conclusions; 7. Acknowledgments
Randomized Comparison of Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Standard Stent for Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization in Diabetic Patients (2005)

This randomized trial demonstrated that sirolimus stent implantation is safe and efficacious in reducing both angiographic and clinical parameters of restenosis compared with standard stents in diabetic patients with de novo coronary stenoses.
Inward sodium current at resting potentials in single cardiac myocytes induced by the ischemic metabolite lysophosphatidylcholine. (1992)

To investigate possible ionic current mechanisms underlying ischemic arrhythmias, we studied single Na+ channel currents in rat and rabbit cardiac myocytes treated with the ischemic metabolite lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) using the cell-attached and excised inside-out patch-clamp technique at 22 degrees C. LPC has been reported previously to reduce open probability and to induce sustained open channel activity at depolarized potentials. We now report two new observations for Na+ currents in LPC-treated patches: 1) The activation-voltage relation of the peak of the ensemble currents is shifted in the negative (hyperpolarizing) direction by approximately 20 mV compared with control currents. This effect was observed in all patches for depolarizations from a holding potential of -150 mV to different test potentials. 2) In some LPC-treated patches, Na+ channels exhibited sustained bursting activity at potentials as negative as -150 mV, giving a nondecaying inward current. This bursting activity was accompanied by double and triple simultaneous openings and closings, suggesting tight cooperativity in channel gating. These LPC-modified channels were identified as Na+ channels, because their unitary conductance was the same as Na+ channels in control solutions, because the single channel current-voltage relation was extrapolated to reverse at the Na+ Nernst potential, and because the current was blocked by the local anesthetic QX-222. This novel depolarizing current may play a role in the electrophysiological abnormalities in ischemia, including abnormal automaticity and reentrant arrhythmias, and could be a target for antiarrhythmic drugs.
Marine lipid‐based liposomes increase <i>in vivo</i> FA bioavailability (2003)

Liposomes made from an extract of natural marine lipids and containing a high n-3 PUFA lipid ratio were envisaged as oral route vectors for FA supplements in order to increase PUFA bioavailability. The absorption of FA in thoracic lymph duct-cannulated rats, after intragastric feeding of dietary fats in the form of liposomes or fish oil, was compared. Lipid and FA analyses were also performed on feces. Five mole percent alpha-tocopherol was added to fish oil and incorporated into the liposome membrane. The influence of alpha-tocopherol on FA lymph recovery was also investigated. In vivo, FA absorption in rats was favored by liposomes (98 +/- 1%) compared to fish oil (73 +/- 6%). In the same way, the DHA proportion in lymph was higher after liposome ingestion (78%) than after fish oil ingestion (47%). However, phospholipid (PL) concentration in lymph was not affected by the kind of dietary fat ingested, suggesting a PL regulation due to de novo TAG synthesis. The influence of the intramolecular distribution of n-3 PUFA in dietary lipids (TAG and PL) on the intramolecular FA distribution in TAG of chylomicrons was also investigated. The results obtained showed that the distribution of n-3 PUFA esterified on the sn-2 position of chylomicron TAG depended on the lipid source administered. All these results correlated, at least partly, with in vitro liposome behavior under conditions that mimic those of the gastrointestinal tract. As a whole, this study pointed out that marine PL may constitute an attractive material for the development of liposomes as oral PUFA supplements.
Comparative studies of pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and alpha 2-macroglobulin using metal chelate chromatography. (1983)

Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A), shares many physicochemical and functional similarities with alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). Comparative studies between these two proteins and various metal chelate Sepharoses have shown that both PAPP-A and alpha 2M bind to the copper and zinc, but not to the calcium, manganese or magnesium chelate gels. In addition to PAPP-A and alpha 2M, fibronectin and Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) were also found to bind to the copper and zinc chelate gels. Analysis of proteins bound to the zinc chelate Sepharose showed alpha 2M to have the highest affinity for the matrix, followed by PAPP-A and fibronectin, which coeluted, and then PZP. Following the zinc chelate chromatography minor qualitative changes were detected only in PAPP-A, but the eluted proteins retained in-vitro functional activity. By atomic absorption, PAPP-A, alpha 2M and fibronectin were found to contain zinc.
AutoEmotive (2014)

With recent developments in sensing technologies, it's becoming feasible to comfortably measure several aspects of emotions during challenging daily life situations. This work describes how the stress of drivers can be measured through different types of interactions, and how the information can enable several interactions in the car with the goal of helping to manage stress. These new interactions could help not only to bring empathy to the driving experience but also to improve driver safety and increase social awareness.
The Impact of Obesity on Pulmonary Function in Adult Women (2008)

The alterations evidenced in the components of the vital capacity (inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume) suggest damage to the chest mechanics caused by obesity. These factors probably contributed to a reduction of the maximal voluntary ventilation.
A Riesz energy based approach to generating dispersed dot patterns for halftoning applications (2014)

In many halftoning applications there is a need to generate a dispersed pattern of dots that is pleasing to the eye. We propose a method based on Riesz energy minimization that produces superior patterns than other techniques such as Direct Binary Search and k-means. We illustrate the proposed technique and discuss implementation issues including nonlinear programming techniques and memory-constrained implementations.
Metal-oxide catalyzed epitaxy (MOCATAXY): the example of the O plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of β-(Al<i> <sub>x</sub> </i>Ga<sub>1−</sub> <i> <sub>x</sub> </i>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructures (2018)

We demonstrate a marked increase in the possible growth domain and growth rate of the O plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3, by adding the element In during growth. We explain these enhancement results from a metal-exchange catalytic effect. This mechanism allows us to synthesize β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-Ga2O3 heterostructures at growth conditions that are not accessible in the absence of In, stabilizing the monoclinic β-phase. We demonstrate the growth of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 at growth temperatures up to 900 °C. Moreover, we illustrate how additional In on the β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 surface acts as a surface active agent, improving the crystal quality of the synthesized β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-Ga2O3 heterostructures. These structures are shown to be of the highest crystal quality up to an Al concentration of x = 0.2. We predict the novel growth mode introduced for ternary III–O thin film synthesis — shown by the example of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 — to be applicable for a wide range of thin film materials, whose individual constituents possess material properties similar to those discussed for the constituents contributing to β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3.
Vector-Matrix Multiply and Winner-Take-All as an Analog Classifier (2013)

The vector-matrix multiply and winner-take-all structure is presented as a general-purpose, low-power, compact, programmable classifier architecture that is capable of greater computation than a one-layer neural network, and equivalent to a two-layer perceptron. The classifier generates event outputs and is suitable for integration with event-driven systems. The main sources of mismatch, temperature dependence, and methods for compensation are discussed. We present measured data from simple linear and nonlinear classifier structures on a 0.35-μm chip and analyze the power and computing efficiency for scaled structures.
Enhancement of short- and medium-term expression of transgenes in embryogenic suspensions of<i>Picea abies</i>(L.) Karst (1995)

Biolistic transfer and subsequent reporter gene expression was enhanced 3–20-fold in embryogenic suspension cultures of Picea abies by treatment with osmotica before and after bombardment. Myoinositol was more effective than mannitol + sorbitol and about as effective as sucrose in enhancing expression 1 d after bombardment. For both myoinositol and sucrose the optimal concentration was 0.25 M. Abscisic acid interacted with myoinositol to give a further enhancement. Maintaining the cells on 0.25 M myoinositol after bombardment enhanced the expression measured 10 d later. These results provide evidence for a metabolic component of the mechanism of osmotic enhancement in addition to an effect depending on partial plasmolysis at the time of bombardment. Expression driven by the polyubiquitin promoter 10 d after bombardment was more than twice that driven by an enhanced 35S, and 20 times that driven by a simple 35S promoter. Experiments using plasmids with and without scaffold attachment regions indicated that a greater proportion of the cells that expressed the reporter gene at 6 d compared with 1 d after bombardment had been integratively transformed.
ALKYL-NITROGUANIDINES (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTALKYL-NITROGUANIDINESTenney L. Davis and Stewart B. LuceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 9, 2303–2305Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1927https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01408a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (211 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chromosome Evolution: The Junction of Mammalian Chromosomes in the Formation of Mouse Chromosome 10 (2000)

During evolution, chromosomes are rearranged and become fixed into new patterns in new species. The relatively conservative nature of this process supports predictions of the arrangement of ancestral mammalian chromosomes, but the basis for these rearrangements is unknown. Physical mapping of mouse chromosome 10 (MMU 10) previously identified a 380-kb region containing the junction of material represented in human on chromosomes 21 (HSA 21) and 22 (HSA 22) that occurred in the evolutionary lineage of the mouse. Here, acquisition of 275 kb of mouse genomic sequence from this region and comparative sequence analysis with HSA 21 and HSA 22 narrowed the junction from 380 kb to 18 kb. The minimal junction region on MMU 10 contains a variety of repeats, including an L32-like ribosomal element and low-copy sequences found on several mouse chromosomes and represented in the mouse EST database. Sequence level analysis of an interchromosomal rearrangement during evolution has not been reported previously.
Cytokine regulation of IL-1 <i>beta</i> gene expression in the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte. (1990)

Although recently polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have been identified as producers of IL-1 beta in response to LPS and granulocyte/monocyte colony stimulating factor, little is known regarding the ability of other cytokines to induce the production of IL-1 beta in the PMN. Inasmuch as IL-1 and TNF have been shown to be important priming agents, as well as agents that induce migration of PMN, we investigated their effect on IL-1 beta gene expression in human peripheral blood PMN. In the present study, we demonstrate that human peripheral blood PMN produce IL-1 beta in response to IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha. Control (unstimulated) human PMN had virtually undetectable levels of IL-1 beta mRNA. Either IL-1 beta or TNF, induced PMN to transiently express IL-1 beta mRNA with peak expression at 1 h, returning to untreated levels by 2 h. A dose response indicated that as little as 0.05 ng/ml of IL-1 beta or TNF resulted in IL-1 beta induction, with maximal effects at 1 ng/ml of IL-1 beta and 5 ng/ml of TNF. IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta exhibited similar dose responses in IL-1 beta mRNA induction. Inasmuch as cytokines have been shown to have synergistic effects in cell function studies, we induced PMN with a combination of maximally effective doses of TNF plus IL-1 beta. They demonstrated a cooperative effect on IL-1 beta gene expression, in that mRNA levels were sustained for three hours. IL-1 beta Ag expression, as measured by ELISA, paralleled IL-1 beta mRNA expression with cell associated peak levels at 2 to 4 h. IL-1 beta Ag levels in PMN lysates and supernatants correlated with IL-1 beta mRNA levels, i.e., TNF + IL-1 greater than TNF greater than IL-1. Thus, these studies represent the first demonstration of IL-1 and TNF induction of IL-1 beta gene expression in the PMN. Furthermore, the time course of induction is unique to the PMN, with peak induction of mRNA at 1 h, which is consistent with the short lived nature of these cells in inflammatory lesions.
The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations (2001)

“Grid” computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high performance orientation. In this article, the authors define this new field. First, they review the “Grid problem,” which is defined as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources—what is referred to as virtual organizations. In such settings, unique authentication, authorization, resource access, resource discovery, and other challenges are encountered. It is this class of problem that is addressed by Grid technologies. Next, the authors present an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing. The authors describe requirements that they believe any such mechanisms must satisfy and discuss the importance of defining a compact set of intergrid protocols to enable interoperability among different Grid systems. Finally, the authors discuss how Grid technologies relate to other contemporary technologies, including enterprise integration, application service provider, storage service provider, and peer-to-peer computing. They maintain that Grid concepts and technologies complement and have much to contribute to these other approaches.
Somatostatin and Octreotide: Literature Review and Description of Therapeutic Activity in Pancreatic Neoplasia (1988)

The somatostatins represent endogenous substances that serve a diversity of functions in the body. These activities are just beginning to be understood and could have major implications in the treatment of human disease. Their chief pharmacologic activities lie in the modification or modulation of protein hormone synthesis of the gastrointestinal system; a great many other systems may be involved as well. Since the discovery of the therapeutic potentials of naturally isolated somatostatins, attempts have been made to design newer analogs more conducive to practical use. Such an example is long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide. Literature has recently begun to appear describing the therapeutic activities of this and other similar compounds and the first steps to understanding their clinical pharmacology are being taken. Surprising activity has been found in the palliative treatment of a wide variety of formerly resistant gastrointestinal syndromes and endocrine tumors. These activities may have considerable future impact on the treatment of disease involving hormonal imbalance or inappropriate secretion.
Repeating sequence homologies in the p36 target protein of retroviral protein kinases and lipocortin the p37 inhibitor of phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (1986)

Although considerable information has emerged on the molecular properties of the p36 target protein its function as well as the possible implications of its tyrosine phosphorylation have remained elusive. Here we show that all sequence segments of p36 published so far can be aligned by homology along the complete sequence of lipocortin, which has been reported recently. This alignment extends beyond multiple Geisow motifs, thought to indicate a sequence principle implicated in Ca2+ and/or lipid binding. While the latter properties are already established for p36 one may expect them also for lipocortin, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 activity. Certain implications of these results are discussed.