gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-allergic Activity of the Sophorae Radix Water Extract in Experimental Animals (2001)

The water extract of Sophorae radix was tested for its preventive effects against cardiovascular anaphylaxis elicited in experimental animals. In actively sensitized pithed rats, the extract partially protected the animals from death resulting from antigen challenge. Of the cardiovascular changes observed during the anaphylaxis in the pithed animals, the initial pressor response was significantly attenuated by the extract. The extract also improved anaphylactic cardiac dysfunction in passively sensitized isolated guinea hearts: improvement was noted in the contractility, arrhythmic duration and lactate dehydrogenase elevation. The perfusion pressure change to antigen challenge was not altered by the extract in passively sensitized isolated mesenteric artery preparations. The extract however significantly inhibited homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis responses in rats. When examined in isolated guinea pig tracheal muscle, the extract did not influence at reasonable concentrations on the contraction elicited by three major anaphylactic mediators, histamine, leukotriene D4 and serotonin. These results suggest that the water extract of Sophorae radix possesses anti-anaphylactic effect in cardiovascular system, primarily acting on the heart not the peripheral resistance vessels.
Improved Screening for Anal Neoplasia by Immunocytochemical Detection of Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins (2008)

MCMs are promising biomarkers for improving detection of AIN and SCC in anal cytology samples.
Three New Flavonol Galloylglycosides from Leaves of <i>Acacia confusa</i> (2000)

Myricetin 3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-alpha-rhamnopyranoside 7-methyl ether (1), myricetin 3-O-(3"-galloyl)-alpha-rhamnopyranoside 7-methyl ether (2), and myricetin 3-O-(2",3" -di-O-galloyl)-alpha-rhamnopyranoside (3), three new flavonol galloylglycosides, were isolated from leaves of Acacia confusa sampled from Chaoushi in the north of Taiwan. Their structures were established by analysis of spectroscopic data, and the compounds were evaluated for anti-hatch activity against brine shrimp.
Original involvement of antimicrobial peptides in mussel innate immunity (2000)

Recently, the existence and extended diversity of antimicrobial peptides has been revealed in two mussel species. These molecules are classified into four groups according to common features of their primary structure: defensins, mytilins, myticins and mytimycin. In Mytilus galloprovincialis, gene structure reveals synthesis as precursors in circulating hemocytes. Synthesised even in absence of challenge, the precursors mature and the peptides are stored in granules as active forms. The different peptides are engaged in the destruction of bacteria inside phagocytes, before being released into hemolymph to participate in systemic responses. Such involvement in anti-infectious responses is unique, and apparently more related to those of mammalian phagocytes than to those of insects.
Quantification of walking mobility in neurological disorders (2004)

Difficulty in walking is a major feature of neurological disease, and loss of mobility is the activity of daily living on which patients place the most value.1 Consequently, how to measure and assess this is of importance to any member of the inter-disciplinary team. In clinical practice, the World Health Organization international classification of functioning (ICF)2 is often adopted as the underlying framework for the assessment of mobility, which is an individual's ability to move about effectively in their environment.2 The ICF also introduces the constructs of performance (what an individual does in his environment) and capacity (ability to execute a task or action). This has a clear impact on the current methodology for the assessment of mobility.

Different pathologies and impairments culminate in abnormal or reduced walking. For instance, in multiple sclerosis (MS), impairments such as weakness and spasticity from pyramidal tract lesions, loss of proprioception and co-ordination from dorsal column and cerebellar lesions, vestibular and visual dysfunction, cognitive and mood disturbance and pain may all contribute (Figure 1). In primary muscle disease, mobility is determined by weakness but secondary factors such as weight gain, contractures, fatigue and breathlessness may have important impacts. The degree of impairment has a non-linear relationship with activity and participation. For example leg strength and walking speed are poorly correlated,3 while many personal and environmental factors may influence the impact of similar degrees of loss of walking on mobility. Figure 1. 
Framework of international classification of function (ICF) as illustrated by mobility in MS.



Impaired walking can be a marker of both disability and disease progression, and is therefore an important outcome measure in the treatment and rehabilitation of diseases such as MS and Parkinson's disease (PD). In some cases, measurement of mobility may have a direct influence on access to treatment. … 

Address correspondence to Dr O.R. Pearson, Section of Neurology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN. e-mail: pearsonor{at}cardiff.ac.uk
Continuous identification of gait phase for robotics and rehabilitation using microsensors (2005)

Using microsensors for the robust and accurate analysis of human posture or gait is an interesting opportunity for rehabilitation and robotics applications. This paper describes a feasibility study in which the possibility of using a new type of embedded microsensors, based on the coupling of accelerometers and magnetometers, and developed by CEA/LETI is investigated. This study consists in identifying what part of the gait cycle is active by using a reconstruction of the knee joint angle by two microsensors fixed on tibia and thigh, during a steady-state sagittal walk. More than just an identification of a few gait states, this approach allows us to continuously extract the current position on the gait cycle. We compare the reconstructed knee joint angle with a stored reference taking into account uncertainties on the velocity and perturbations of the terrestrial magnetic field. To accurately identify the phase of the gait movement, we fuse different simple and complementary methods: morphomathematics, cyclogram analysis, wavelet transform, qualitative analysis, crosscorrelation. These results encourage us to extend this work to explore the possibility of recognition of a larger set of human movements using more sensors and improved algorithms of signal processing
The Conserved Carboxy Terminus of the Capsid Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Protein Is Important for Virion Assembly and Release (2004)

The retroviral Gag precursor plays an important role in the assembly of virion particles. The capsid (CA) protein of the Gag molecule makes a major contribution to this process. In the crystal structure of the free CA protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), 11 residues of the C terminus were found to be unstructured, and to date no information exists on the structure of these residues in the context of the Gag precursor molecule. We performed phylogenetic analysis and demonstrated a high degree of conservation of these 11 amino acids. Deletion of this cluster or introduction of various point mutations into these residues resulted in significant impairment of particle infectivity. In this cluster, two putative structural regions were identified, residues that form a hinge region (353-VGGP-356) and those that contribute to an alpha-helix (357-GHKARVL-363). Overall, mutations in these regions resulted in inhibition of virion production, but mutations in the hinge region demonstrated the most significant reduction. Although all the Gag mutants appeared to have normal Gag-Gag and Gag-RNA interactions, the hinge mutants were characterized by abnormal formation of cytoplasmic Gag complexes. Gag proteins with mutations in the hinge region demonstrated normal membrane association but aberrant rod-like membrane structures. More detailed analysis of these structures in one of the mutants demonstrated abnormal trapped Gag assemblies. These data suggest that the conserved CA C terminus is important for HIV-1 virion assembly and release and define a putative target for drug design geared to inhibit the HIV-1 assembly process.
Synthesis of BF<sub>2</sub>chelates of tetraarylazadipyrromethenes and evidence for their photodynamic therapeutic behaviour (2002)

The synthesis, spectroscopic characteristics and in vitro cellular uptake properties of a new class of therapeutic window photosensitiser, namely the BF2 chelates of 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl-3,5-diarylpyrrol-2-ylidene amines (tetra-arylazadipyrromethenes), are described with the aim of developing a novel class of photodynamic therapeutic agents.
How tourists self-deceive: Exploring the gap between travellers' intentions and actual consumption behavior (2004)

Few empirical studies have investigated the phenomenon of unplanned and impulsive behaviour in a tourism context. This study bridges this empirical gap and offers new insights into the extent to which consumers change their consumptions behaviours between planned and actual consumption. Within a tourism destination setting, the study analyses two data sets for consumers (n = 2,239) reporting on their immediately upcoming planned behaviours and consumers (n = 2,362) reporting on their very recently done behaviours. Empirical results include (1) the behaviours of spending and activities undertaken increase substantially and significantly between the planned and reported stages, (2) while length of stay does not increase significantly, and (3) neither experience nor travel party size significantly influences any differences between planned and realised behaviours.
Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composites for the Tailoring of Variable Stiffness Adaptive Structures (2007)

Fluidic flexible matrix composites (F 2 MC) are investigated in this research for the tailoring of variable stiffness adaptive structures. By taking advantage of the high anisotropy of flexible matrix composite (FMC) tubes and the high bulk modulus of the pressurizing fluid, significant changes in the effective modulus of elasticity can be achieved by controlling the inlet valve to the fluid filled F 2 MC tubes. Through integration of the F 2 MC tubes into supporting matrix materials, multicellular variable stiffness adaptive structures can be achieved. The new adaptive structures have the flexibility to easily deform when desired (open valve) and possess the high modulus required under loading conditions when deformation is not desired (closed valve - locked state). In this paper, a comprehensive numerical model based upon the finite element method is developed that captures the solid and fluid interaction of the single F 2 MC tube for the open and closed valve states. Using the finite element analysis results for the single F 2 MC tube, a mathematical model of the multicellular variable stiffness structure is created based upon a 'Rule of Mixtures' modeling approach. Experiments are performed to validate the proposed models, and good agreement is observed with the model predictions. Modulus ratios of 25.1 and 21.6 are measured for the single F 2 MC tube and the multicellular structure, respectively. Parameter studies using the validated finite element models are performed to gain design insight for the variable stiffness structures.
Microbial Colonization Drives Lymphocyte Accumulation and Differentiation in the Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Peyer’s Patches (2003)

Peyer's patches (PPs) are lined by follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) with Ag-transporting M cells. To investigate the spatial relationships of B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) in PPs during microbial colonization, their in situ redistribution was examined in germfree (GF) rats exposed to a conventional pathogen-free microflora (conventionalized, CV). Although occasional B and T cells occurred in the FAE of GF rats, it contained mainly immature DCs (CD4(+)CD86(-)), whereas mature DCs (CD86(high)) were seen in the interfollicular zones even under GF conditions. In CV rats, DCs had disappeared from the FAE, which instead contained clusters by B and T cells associated with induction of putative M cell pockets. CD86 was seen neither in the FAE nor in the follicles under GF conditions, but it became apparent on intraepithelial B cells 5 wk after colonization. The level of CD86 on these B cells was comparable to that on germinal center B cells, although the B cell follicles did not show direct contact with the M cell areas. B cells in the follicular mantles acquired Bcl-2 after 12 wk in CV rats, whereas B cells in the FAE did not express Bcl-2 at a substantial level throughout the experimental period. The cellular redistribution patterns and phenotypic characteristics observed after colonization suggested that immature DCs, but not B cells, are involved in Ag presentation during primary immune responses against intestinal bacteria. However, the spatial cellular relationships sequentially being established among DCs, B cells, and T cells in PPs, are most likely important for the induction of post-germinal center B cells subsequently residing within the M cell pockets.
Evaluating SIR in 3D Millimeter-Wave Deployments: Direct Modeling and Feasible Approximations (2018)

Recently, new opportunities for utilizing extremely high frequencies have become instrumental to designing the fifth-generation mobile technology. The use of highly directional antennas in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands poses an important question of whether 2D modeling suffices to capture the resulting system performance accurately. In this paper, we develop a novel mathematical framework for performance assessment of the emerging 3D mm-wave communication scenarios, which takes into account vertical and planar directivities at both ends of a radio link, blockage effects in three dimensions, and random heights of the communicating entities. We also formulate models having different levels of details and verify their accuracy for a wide range of system parameters. We show that capturing the randomness of both the transmitting and receiving heights as well as the vertical antenna directivities becomes crucial for accurate system characterization. The conventional planar models provide overly optimistic results that overestimate performance. For instance, the model with fixed heights that disregards the effect of vertical exposure is utterly pessimistic. The other two models, one having random heights and neglecting vertical exposure and another one characterized by fixed heights and capturing vertical exposure are less computationally expensive and can be used as feasible approximations for certain ranges of input parameters.
Spatially fractionated radiotherapy (GRID) using helical tomotherapy (2016)

Spatially fractionated radiotherapy (GRID) was designed to treat large tumors while sparing skin, and it is usually delivered with a linear accelerator using a commercially available block or multileaf collimator (LINAC-GRID). For deep-seated (skin to tumor distance (> 8 cm)) tumors, it is always a challenge to achieve adequate tumor dose coverage. A novel method to perform GRID treatment using helical tomotherapy (HT-GRID) was developed at our institution. Our approach allows treating patients by generating a patient-specific virtual GRID block (software-generated) and using IMRT technique to optimize the treatment plan. Here, we report our initial clinical experience using HT-GRID, and dosimetric comparison results between HT-GRID and LINAC-GRID. This study evaluates 10 previously treated patients who had deep-seated bulky tumors with complex geometries. Five of these patients were treated with HT-GRID and replanned with LINAC-GRID for comparison. Similarly, five other patients were treated with LINAC-GRID and replanned with HT-GRID for comparison. The prescription was set such that the maximum dose to the GTV is 20 Gy in a single fraction. Dosimetric parameters compared included: mean GTV dose (DGTV mean), GTV dose inhomogeneity (valley-to-peak dose ratio (VPR)), normal tissue doses (DNmean), and other organs-at-risk (OARs) doses. In addition, equivalent uniform doses (EUD) for both GTV and normal tissue were evaluated. In summary, HT-GRID technique is patient-specific, and allows adjustment of the GRID pattern to match different tumor sizes and shapes when they are deep-seated and cannot be adequately treated with LINAC-GRID. HT-GRID delivers a higher DGTV mean, EUD, and VPR compared to LINAC-GRID. HT-GRID delivers a higher DNmean and lower EUD for normal tissue compared to LINAC-GRID. HT-GRID plans also have more options for tumors with complex anatomical relationships between the GTV and the avoidance OARs (abutment or close proximity).
Cell Surface Expression of Polysialic Acid on NCAM Is a Prerequisite for Activity-Dependent Morphological Neuronal and Glial Plasticity (1999)

Polysialic acid (PSA) on the extracellular domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) reduces cell adhesion and is considered an important regulator of cell surface interactions. The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS), whose glia, neurons, and synapses undergo striking, reversible morphological changes in response to physiological stimulation, expresses high levels of PSA-NCAM throughout life. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in normal rats and rats in which cell transport was blocked with colchicine showed that PSA-NCAM is expressed in both HNS neurons and glia, particularly at the level of astrocytic processes that envelop neuronal profiles and can undergo remodeling. Moreover, we confirmed that the overall levels of PSA-NCAM were not greatly altered by stimulation (lactation and chronic salt ingestion). Nevertheless, PSA is essential to morphological plasticity. Using comparative ultrastructural analysis, we found that, after specific enzymatic removal of PSA from NCAM by microinjection of endoneuraminidase close to the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei in vivo, there was no apparent withdrawal of astrocytic processes nor any increase in synaptic contacts normally induced by lactation and dehydration. Our observations demonstrate, therefore, that expression of PSA on cell surfaces in the adult HNS is indispensable to its capacity for activity-dependent morphological neuronal-glial and synaptic plasticity. The carbohydrate PSA on NCAM can thus be considered a necessary permissive factor to allow neuronal and glial remodeling to occur whenever the proper inductive stimulus intervenes.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1-oxacephem derivatives. (1982)

A number of new optically active 1-oxacephem compounds were synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. Various 7 alpha-unsubstituted 1-oxacephem nuclei 2a approximately 3 and a 7 alpha-methoxy-1-oxacephem nucleus 3, reported previously, were converted into the corresponding phenylacetylamino-, 2-thienylacetylamino-, D-mandelylamino-, D-phenylglycylamino-, and arylmalonylamino-1-oxacephem carboxylic acids. All the compounds except for the phenylglycylamine derivatives exhibited four-to sixteen-fold enhanced antibacterial activity compared with that of the corresponding cephalosporins. A combination of the 7 alpha-methoxy-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl-1-oxacephem nucleus and a 7 beta-arylmalonylamino side chain, as represented by compound 1 (disodium salt of 33), produced the highest efficacy among them: high antibacterial activity with a widely expanded spectrum against Gram-negative bacteria including resistant strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed.
Simulation of Multiangular Radar Echoes for Speed Measurement During CE-3 Landing on the Lunar Sinus Iridum Surface (2015)

The main objective of the Chinese Chang'E-3 (CE-3) lunar satellite is to achieve soft-landing and roving exploration on the lunar surface. A multibeam radar in the lunar lander is implemented to measure the echoes from the lunar rough surface during its descending and to derive the speed of the lander. In this paper, numerical simulation of multiangular radar echoes and speed inversions from Doppler frequency are presented. An area of the Lunar Sinus Iridum bay, as landing site, is specifically selected. The rough surface described with the real DTM data is first divided into triangular patches for numerical Kirchhoff approximation calculation. The radar echoes of multiangular radar beams of CE-3 during the landing are numerically simulated. The echo phase and the Doppler frequency are then derived to obtain the vertical speed.
Substrate effects on the epitaxial growth of ZnGeP2 thin films by open tube organometallic chemical vapor deposition (1991)

In this paper, we report the growth of epitaxial films of ZnGeP2 on GaP and Si substrates of (001) and (111) orientations by open tube organometallic chemical vapor deposition. Generally, smaller growth rates are required to achieve similar film quality on (111) GaP as compared to growth on (001). For the growth on (001) GaP the c-axis strain determined by x-ray diffraction agrees with the expected strain for a lattice mismatch of 0.0026 between the a-axis lattice parameters of ZnGeP2 and GaP. Based on the continuous increase of the c-axis lattice parameters and the gradual weakening of the chalcopyrite structure superlattice reflections, a continuous transition is proposed from the ordered structure of ZnGeP2 towards diamond structure of Ge via partially disordered metastable solid solution of ZnGeP2-Ge. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals twinning of epitaxial ZnGeP2-Ge films on (111) GaP. The twinning density is related to both the growth rate and the flow rate ratio of Zn(CH3)2 to GeH4 at constant flow rate of PH3 and H2. Twins are also formed in ZnGeP2 growth on Si substrates.
Renzo De Felice, Jews in an Arab Land: Libya, 1835–1970, Judith Roumani, trans. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985). Pp. 406. (1987)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Recent Developments In Meerwein−Ponndorf−Verley and Related Reactions for the Reduction of Organic Functional Groups Using Aluminum, Boron, and Other Metal Reagents:  A Review (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTRecent Developments In Meerwein−Ponndorf−Verley and Related Reactions for the Reduction of Organic Functional Groups Using Aluminum, Boron, and Other Metal Reagents: A ReviewJin Soon ChaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, Korea Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2006, 10, 5, 1032–1053Publication Date (Web):September 6, 2006Publication History Received17 March 2006Published online6 September 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/op068002chttps://doi.org/10.1021/op068002creview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3526Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Ketones,Reagents,Redox reactions,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts