gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-stranded helical twisted β-sheet channels in crystals of gramicidin S grown in the presence of trifluoroacetic and hydrochloric acids (2007)

Gramicidin S is a nonribosomally synthesized cyclic decapeptide antibiotic with twofold symmetry (Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro)(2); a natural source is Bacillus brevis. Gramicidin S is active against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. However, its haemolytic toxicity in humans limits its use as an antibiotic to certain topical applications. Synthetically obtained gramicidin S was crystallized from a solution containing water, methanol, trifluoroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid. The structure was solved and refined at 0.95 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contains 1.5 molecules of gramicidin S, two trifluoroacetic acid molecules and ten water molecules located and refined in 14 positions. One gramicidin S molecule has an exact twofold-symmetrical conformation; the other deviates from the molecular twofold symmetry. The cyclic peptide adopts an antiparallel beta-sheet secondary structure with two type II' beta-turns. These turns have the residues D-Phe and Pro at positions i + 1 and i + 2, respectively. In the crystals, the gramicidin S molecules line up into double-stranded helical channels that differ from those observed previously. The implications of the supramolecular structure for several models of gramicidin S conformation and assembly in the membrane are discussed.
ANODIC CHARACTERISTICS OF Fe-SUPPORTED Co3O4 ELECTRODES IN ALKALINE SOLUTION (1979)

Abstract Fe-supported Co3O4 electrodes were prepared by the thermal decomposition method and their anodic characteristics were studied in 1M KOH solution. As a result, it was found that the electrodes prepared at relatively low temperatures have very attractive properties as an anode for oxygen evolution.
Optimization of laser scribing for thin-film PV modules. Annual technical progress report, 12 April 1995--11 April 1996 (1996)

One of the most important aspects in moving from the cell level to the integrated module level in thin-film photovoltaics is to achieve reliable and reproducible cell interconnects having low series resistance and high shunt resistance, and to do this with a minimum of dead area between cells. It is known that mechanical scribing often produces considerable damage (e.g., film tearing) surrounding the scribe. Laser scribing has shown the potential for superior scribe widths and profiles for many of the materials involved with thin-film PV. However, problems arc also known to occur with a heat-affected zone around the scribe, and for some materials and some focus conditions high positive ridges or collars are left along the scribe line. The commercially-available scribing systems have been optimized typically for other applications and other materials such as scribing of crystalline Si. Optimum operation for thin-film PV materials has been investigated by several PV manufacturers but there has been limited discussion of problems or of optimum parameters in the open literature. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there has been little investigation of the applicability, for thin-film PV, of laser systems other than the traditional cw lamp-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG.
Participant Characteristics and Buprenorphine Dose (2011)

Final week dose groups differed in demographic and drug use characteristics, and the group receiving the largest final week dose had the highest rate of continued opioid use. These findings may contribute to the development of clinical guidelines regarding buprenorphine dose in the treatment of opioid dependence; however, further investigations that include random assignment to dose by baseline characteristics are needed.
Identifying computational phases from inter-process communication traces of HPC applications (2012)

Understanding the behaviour of High Performance Computing (HPC) systems is a challenging task due to the large number of processes they involve as well as the complex interactions among these processes. In this paper, we present a novel approach that aims to simplify the analysis of large execution traces generated from HPC applications. We achieve this through a technique that allows semiautomatic extraction of execution phases from large traces. These phases, which characterize the main computations of the traced scenario, can be used by software engineers to browse the content of a trace at different levels of abstraction. Our approach is based on the application of information theory principles to the analysis of sequences of communication patterns found in HPC traces. The results of the proposed approach when applied to traces of a large HPC industrial system demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying the main program phases and their corresponding sub-phases.
Taming the final frontier of optical lithography: design for sub-resolution patterning (2010)

The 20nm node, with a targeted wiring pitch of 64nm, is the first technology node to dip below the fundamental k1=0.25 resolution limit of high-NA 193nm immersion lithography. Double-patterning has been applied in previous technology nodes to address specific image quality issues such as line-end shortening or poor process window on contacts and vias, but never before has double-patterning been used to form images below the frequency-doubled resolution-limit of optical lithography. This paper describes the design-technology co-optimization efforts exercised by the alliance program for Bulk CMOS technology development at IBM in pursuit of cost-effective double-patterning for the 20nm technology node. The two primary double-patterning contenders, pitch-splitting and sidewall-image-transfer, are reviewed and their unique layout decomposition requirements are contrasted. Double-patterning design enablement solutions and their particular applicability to each step in the design flow are described. The paper closes with a review of the costeffectiveness of current double-patterning solutions, highlighting the important role of design-technology cooptimization in ensuring continued cost-effective semiconductor scaling.
Understanding Data Analysis Activity via Log Analysis (2017)

The study of user analysis behavior is of interest to the designers of analysis tools. Specific questions studied include: What types of tasks do users perform using this analysis tool? What approaches do users take to gain insights? What interface features help or hinder users in their work? What are the the distinguishing characteristics of different types of users? These questions are often investigated through controlled experiments, observational studies, user interviews, or surveys. An alternative avenue of investigation is to analyze the logs – the records of user activity – generated by analysis tools themselves. In this dissertation we present two case studies using log analysis to understand user behavior. In the first, we analyze records of user queries from Splunk, a system for log analysis, as well as a survey of Splunk users. In the second, we analyze detailed event logs and application state from Tableau, a system for visualizing relational data. We focus in particular on methods of identifying higher-level units of activity, which we refer to as tasks. We include a discussion of the particular challenges associated with collecting and analyzing log data from analysis systems. In addition to this discussion, our contributions include the description of two different approaches for identifying higher-level analysis activity from logs and a summary of the tasks represented in our datasets.
Open Ample Relations in 1-Jet Spaces (1998)

In this chapter we apply the analytic theory of Chapter III to prove the h-principle, Theorem 4.2, for differential relations in spaces of 1-jets which are open and ample. Differential relations in spaces of higher order jets and also non-ample relations are treated in subsequent chapters. There are good reasons for treating separately the cases of open, ample differential relations that occur in the context of spaces of 1-jets:
Restoration of hydrogenase activity in hydrogenase-negative strains of Escherichia coli by cloned DNA fragments from Chromatium vinosum and Proteus vulgaris (1990)

DNA fragments from Proteus vulgaris and Chromatium vinosum were isolated which restored hydrogenase activities in both hydA and hydB mutant strains of Escherichia coli. The hydA and hydB genes, which map near minute 59 of the genome map, 17 kb distant from each other, are not structural hydrogenase genes, but mutation in either of these genes leads to failure to synthesize any of the hydrogenase isoenzymes. The smallest DNA fragments which restored hydrogenase activity to both E. coli mutant strains were 4.7 kb from C. vinosum and 2.3 kb from P. vulgaris. These fragments were cleaved into smaller fragments which did not complement either of the E. coli mutations. The cloned heterologous genes also restored formate hydrogenlyase activity but they did not restore activity in hydE, hupA or hupB mutant strains of E. coli. The cloned genes, on plasmids, did not lead to the synthesis of proteins of sufficient size to be the hydrogenase catalytic subunit. The hydrogenase proteins synthesized by hydA and hydB mutant strains of E. coli transformed by cloned genes from P. vulgaris and C. vinosum were shown by isoelectric and immunological methods to be E. coli hydrogenase. Thus, these genes are not hydrogenase structural genes.
MI-63: A novel small-molecule inhibitor targets MDM2 and induces apoptosis in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells with wild-type p53 (2009)

Interruption of the role of p53s as a tumour suppressor by MDM2 may be one of the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade current therapy. Blocking the inhibition of wild-type p53 by MDM2 in cancer cells should reactivate p53's tumour suppressor functions and enhance current cancer treatments. MI-63 is a novel non-peptide small molecule that has shown strong binding affinity (Ki=3 nM) for MDM2; however, its effects on paediatric cancer cells and the specific mechanism of tumour suppressor reactivation have not been evaluated. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma, expresses either wild-type or mutant p53 protein. We examined the inhibitory effects of MI-63 in embryonal RMS (ERMS) and alveolar RMS (ARMS) cell lines expressing wild-type or mutated p53. Treatment with MI-63 reduced cell viability by 13.4% and by <1%, respectively, at 72 h in both RH36 and RH18 cell lines expressing wild-type p53. In contrast, RH30 and RD2 cells expressing p53 mutants are resistant to MI-63 treatment. An increased expression of p53, p21WAF1, and Bax protein was observed after treatment with MI-63 in RMS cells with wild-type p53, and apoptosis was confirmed by cleaved PARP and caspase-3 expression. However, RD2 and RH30 RMS cells, as well as human normal skeletal muscle cells, showed a minimal increase in p53 signalling and no induction of cleaved PARP and caspase-3. MI-63 was compared with Nutlin-3, a known MDM2 inhibitor, and was found to be more potent in the inhibition of cell proliferation/viability. Further, synergy was observed when MI-63 was used in combination with doxorubicin. These results indicate that MI-63 is a potent therapeutic agent for RMS cells expressing wild-type p53 protein.
Interactive voice technology at work: the CSELT experience (2002)

The paper is a survey of the speech technologies and applications developed at CSELT, some of which are employed in real services on the Italian telephone network. This represents a major extension from the previous activity of the centre, which was essentially oriented to research, to a now broader set of activities which range from defining and experimenting new algorithmic approaches to speech product engineering and application development. In particular the paper describes two applications in the field trial phase, one related to an automatic operator, providing voice selection of large name directories, the other related to an automated network service for directory assistance, which is now accessible to all the Italian telephone customers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Link Layer Abstraction in MIMO-OFDM System (2007)

Link layer abstraction is crucial to the cross-layer simulation and design as the interface. EESM and MIESM are two kinds of algorithms which account for the instantaneous channel realization and other configurations and obtain the estimated packet error rate correspondingly. Enhanced versions of the algorithms with weighted training are brought out in this paper, which have shown great improvements compared to the original algorithms. Plenty of simulations have been made for verifications and the results show that the enhanced abstraction algorithms can reflect the performance of the link layer of MIMO-OFDM system with high precision for higher layer simulations.
[Topical hormonal treatment and urogenital atrophy]. (1997)

Hypoestrogenemia-derived urogenital symptoms after menopause manifest after some years of hormonal deficit and appear commonly in elderly, untreated women. In the urogenital tract low postmenopausal estrogen levels lead to vaginal irritation and dryness and to dyspareunia, often accompanied by other symptoms like uriesthesis, incontinence or recurrent infections. Every systemic estrogen treatment is accepted as efficient for the correction of urogenital symptoms, often even at doses lower than those necessary for the correction of vasomotor symptoms. Diverse local treatments have been proposed: estriol, promestriene and low-dose estrone or estradiol. Promestriene applied locally stimulates differentiation and maturation of vaginal mucosa and compensates local hypoestrogenic effects without marked hormonal effects outside the vagina. Vaginal application of estrone, on the other hand, has rather been proposed for systemic hormone substitution and elevated levels of estrone and estradiol observed in the plasma render this method in-appropriate in cases where strictly local effects are desired. Recently, very low doses of estradiol in a range of 7.5 micrograms/day have been proposed for the treatment of urogenital atrophy by means of a prolonged release regimen. Among the described preparations, those with strictly local (devoid of systemic) effects should be restricted to patients with contraindications for systemic substitution therapy. Local estrogen therapies are recommended for the treatment of complaints due to vulvar and vaginal atrophy. They have also been proposed by certain authors for the acceleration of the cervico-vaginal and vulvar cicatrisation after surgical interventions or postpartum. The presence of miction disorders in elderly postmenopausal women is also a point in favour of local treatment.
Weighted proportional allocation (2011)

We consider a weighted proportional allocation of resources that allows providers to discriminate usage of resources by users. This framework is a generalization of well-known proportional allocation by accommodating allocation of resources proportional to weighted bids or proportional to submitted bids but with weighted payments.
Similarity measures for Content-Based Dermoscopic Image Retrieval: A comparative study (2015)

Similarity measures play crucial role in Content-Based Dermoscopic Image Retrieval (CBDIR). This paper analyses and compares images based respectively on twelve distances namely: Minkowski, Euclidean, Standardized Euclidean, Mahalanobis, Manhattan, Chebychev, Cosine, Canberra, Relative Deviation, Bray-Curtis, Square Chord and Square Chi-Squared measures for CBDIR. Two dermatologists were asked to diagnose 176 skin lesion images in order to classify them. Eight common classes of pigmented skin lesions have been identified, including: Melanoma, Nevus/Mole (ML), Lentigo (Len), Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Seborrhoeic Keratosis (SK), Actinic Keratosis (AK), Angioma (AG) and Dermatofibroma (DF). Color and texture features have been extracted from the segmented skin lesions. Then a series of CBDIR experiments were conducted on the image database. The results indicate that the CBDIR performance is significantly improved by using Canberra and Bray-Curtis distances compared to conventional measures.
X-ray fluorescence tomography for non-destructive semi-quantitative study of microobjects (2003)

The goal of this work is to present the current state of the X-ray Fluorescence Computed Microtomography. The advantages of both the experimental techniques and the data processing (the ESRF ID22 beamline facilities [1]) are considered. The latter one includes the spectra treatment, reconstruction of the atomic density distribution function of the element under consideration and/or calculation of the element effective concentration map and calculation of the element ratio maps. Possible ways of estimating the space resolution and the accuracy are discussed. Results of the tomographic investigation of the NWA817 meteorite micro-grain are presented.
A 11-bit 1.2V 40.3μW SAR ADC with self-dithering technique (2016)

This paper presents a low-power 11-bit 1-MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that uses a self-dithering technique. The LSBs is employed as a dither to improve the resolution. Compared to converters that use the conventional dithering architecture, simulation results show that the proposed self-dithering technique improve the DNL performance with simplified hardware. The prototype is fabricated in 180nm 1P6M CMOS with MOM capacitor. At a 1.2-V supply and 1 MS/s, the post-layout simulation result shows an SNDR of 63.8 dB and consumes 40.3μW, and a figure of merit (FOM) of 32 fJ/conversion-step. The total area of the chip is 1 mm×1 mm.
Circuit Breakers, Discovery, and API Gateways in Microservices (2016)

We review some of the most widely used patterns for the programming of microservices: circuit breaker, service discovery, and API gateway. By systematically analysing different deployment strategies for these patterns, we reach new insight especially for the application of circuit breakers. We also evaluate the applicability of Jolie, a language for the programming of microservices, for these patterns and report on other standard frameworks offering similar solutions. Finally, considerations for future developments are presented.
Phenotypic, genetic, and nonshared environmental parallels in the structure of personality: A view from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. (2000)

How closely do observed, phenotypic personality structures correspond with underlying, genetic, and environmental personality structures? This question was addressed using data from 2,490 pairs of twins from the Minnesota Twin Registry, who completed A. Tellegen's (1982) Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). Phenotypic, additive genetic, and nonshared environmental correlations were computed among the MPQ's eleven primary scales. Principal component analyses of all three matrices revealed three broad, higher-order components that were readily interpreted as negative emotionality, positive emotionality, and constraint. The components from all three matrices were highly comparable, suggesting that the observed, phenotypic structure of personality corresponds closely with the underlying, etiological structure of personality.
Impact of on-chip interconnect frequency-dependent R(f)L(f) on digital and RF design (2005)

On-chip global interconnect exhibits clear frequency dependence in both resistance (R) and inductance ( L). In this paper, its impact on modern digital and radio frequency (RF) circuit design is examined. First, a physical and compact ladder circuit model is developed to capture this behavior, which only employs frequency independent R and L elements, and thus, supports transient analysis. Using this new model we demonstrate that the use of dc values for R and L is sufficient for timing analysis (i.e., 50% delay and slew rate) in digital designs. However, RL frequency dependence is critical for the analysis of signal integrity, shield line insertion, power supply stability, and RF inductor performance.
Colorimetric Detection of Anthrax DNA with a Peptide Nucleic Acid Sandwich-Hybridization Assay (2007)

Technologies for genomic detection most commonly use DNA probes to hybridize to target sequences. To achieve required sensitivity, the use of PCR to amplify target sequences has remained standard practice in many labs. Direct detection methods that eliminate the requirement for a PCR step could afford faster and simpler devices that can be used outside of a laboratory. We have developed a sandwich-hybridization DNA detection system in which the DNA detection probes are replaced with a class of synthetic nucleic acid mimics called peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). There are numerous advantages to using PNA instead of DNA probes in hybridization assays, including complete resistance to degradation by enzymes, increased sequence specificity to complementary DNA, and higher stability when bound with complementary DNA. In this communication, several different strategies are described to improve and fine-tune the properties of PNA so that anthrax DNA can be detected at a 10 zmol limit. Key to the success of these strategies is the ability to introduce chemical modifications into the PNA to improve thermal stability and to increase the number of biotin groups to which a horseradish peroxidase−avidin conjugate can bind.
Finding Functional Features in <i>Saccharomyces</i> Genomes by Phylogenetic Footprinting (2003)

The sifting and winnowing of DNA sequence that occur during evolution cause nonfunctional sequences to diverge, leaving phylogenetic footprints of functional sequence elements in comparisons of genome sequences. We searched for such footprints among the genome sequences of six Saccharomyces species and identified potentially functional sequences. Comparison of these sequences allowed us to revise the catalog of yeast genes and identify sequence motifs that may be targets of transcriptional regulatory proteins. Some of these conserved sequence motifs reside upstream of genes with similar functional annotations or similar expression patterns or those bound by the same transcription factor and are thus good candidates for functional regulatory sequences.
Review of Sub-Microliter (Nanoliter) Injection Techniques in Liquid Chromatography (1987)

Abstract In liquid chromatography with “low-dispersion methods”, there is an increasing need to reproducibly inject nanoliter sample volumes. Low-dispersion methods produce very narrow peaks because of short column length, narrow column bore, small particle packing, low particle surface area, open tubular configuration, or combinations of these parameters. This paper reviews methods used for sub-microliter injections for use with these low-dispersion liquid chromatography methods. Some nanoliter injection methods for open-tubular electrophoresis are also described.