gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Canada's Chemical Industry Split Over Canada-U.S. Free Trade Issue (1985)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCanada's Chemical Industry Split Over Canada-U.S. Free Trade IssuePetrochemical sector favors free trade, whereas most small specialty chemical companies oppose it; producers of inorganic chemicals are in the middleEARL V. ANDERSONView Author Information C&EN New YorkCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1985, 63, 38, 7–13Publication Date (Print):September 23, 1985Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 23 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v063n038.p007https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v063n038.p007newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1985 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Growth Hormone (GH) Release in Response to GH-Releasing Hormone in Man is 3-Fold Enhanced by Galanin* (1987)

The effect of GHRH in a dose (120 micrograms) thought to produce a maximal GH response was compared with the GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, iv infusion of the hypothalamic neuropeptide galanin (40 pmol/kg.min for 40 min), and a combination of GHRH and galanin in normal men. The median peak serum GH level was 29 mU/L in response to GHRH, 28.9 mU/L in response to insulin hypoglycemia, 17.3 mU/L in response to galanin, and 115.0 mU/L in response to the combination of galanin and GHRH. GH release induced by galanin was completely inhibited by a concomitant somatostatin infusion (50 pmol/kg.min). Thus, galanin increased the peak GH response to GHRH, previously thought to be one of the most powerful stimulants to GH release, more than 3-fold. Since the dose of GHRH used was thought to be maximal and since galanin is reported not to have direct effects on the pituitary, one possible mode of action of galanin would be inhibition of tonic endogenous hypothalamic somatostatin release.
Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid (2001)

Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is highly accurate and has a low rate of false-negative and false-positive diagnoses. The major diagnostic problems are caused by diagnosis using a marginally adequate specimen, diagnosis of malignancy based on just 1 or 2 atypical cytologic features, or overlapping cytologic features of follicular neoplasm with those of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma.
Variable rate speech coding with phonetic segmentation (1993)

A speech coder based on variable rate phonetic segmentation (VRPS), operating at an average rate of 3 kbit/s and applicable to code division multiple access (CDMA) digital cellular systems, is presented. An improved version of the voice activity detection scheme used in the GSM (Group Special Mobile) full-rate cellular standard tracks the bursty character of active speech. Each frame of active speech is classified into one of a set of four phonetic categories. A distinct coding configuration and bit-rate are applied to each category. The tradeoff between subjective quality and average bit rate of VRPS for both clean speech and speech corrupted with vehicle noise is superior to that obtained by QCELP, a proposed TIA speech coding standard for wideband digital cellular networks. The average bit-rate of VRPS is generally lower than that of QCELP for the same input signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Illumination optimization effects on OPC and MDP (2005)

Illumination optimization has always been an important part of the process characterization and setup for new technology nodes. As we move to the 130nm node and beyond, this phase becomes even more critical due to the limited amount of available process window and the application of advanced model based optical proximity corrections (OPC). Illumination optimization has some obvious benefits in that it maximizes process latitude and therefore makes a process more robust to dose and focus variations that naturally occur during the manufacturing process. By mitigating the effect of process excursions, there are fewer numbers of reworks, faster cycle times and ultimately higher yield. Although these are the typical benefits associated with illumination optimization, there are also other potential benefits realized from an OPC modeling and mask data preparation (MDP) perspective as well. This paper will look into the not so obvious effects illumination optimization has on OPC and MDP. A fundamental process model built with suboptimal optical settings is compared against a model based on the optimal optical conditions. The optimal optical conditions will be determined based on simulations of the process window for several structures in a design using a metric of maximum common depth of focus (DOF) for a given minimum exposure latitude (EL). The amount of OPC correction will be quantified for both models and a comparison of OPC aggressiveness will be made. OPC runtimes will also be compared as well as output file size, amount of fragmentation, and the number of shot counts required in the mask making process. In conclusion, a summary is provided highlighting where OPC and MDP can benefit from proper illumination optimization.
Transport properties of pristine few-layer black phosphorus by van der Waals passivation in an inert atmosphere (2015)

Ultrathin black phosphorus is a two-dimensional semiconductor with a sizeable band gap. Its excellent electronic properties make it attractive for applications in transistor, logic and optoelectronic devices. However, it is also the first widely investigated two-dimensional material to undergo degradation upon exposure to ambient air. Therefore a passivation method is required to study the intrinsic material properties, understand how oxidation affects the physical properties and enable applications of phosphorene. Here we demonstrate that atomically thin graphene and hexagonal boron nitride can be used for passivation of ultrathin black phosphorus. We report that few-layer pristine black phosphorus channels passivated in an inert gas environment, without any prior exposure to air, exhibit greatly improved n-type charge transport resulting in symmetric electron and hole transconductance characteristics. Ultrathin black phosphorus is a two-dimensional semiconductor with a finite band gap, unlike graphene, but it is known to degrade upon exposure to air. Here, the authors show that passivating few-layer samples of this material in an inert gas environment greatly improves the n-type charge transport.
Abuso de información privilegiada de funcionario (delito de) (2014)

El analisis de los distintos elementos a partir de los cuales se define el delito de abuso de informacion privilegiada de funcionario constituye el objeto de este trabajo. Dicho analisis se extiende a los bienes juridicos protegidos –la integridad de la funcion y la proteccion del interes general-; al sujeto activo –el funcionario que accede licitamente a la informacion privilegiada o al secreto-; a la accion tipica –el uso del secreto o la informacion en el propio beneficio-; al objeto de la misma –el secreto y/o la informacion privilegiada-; y, por ultimo, a su consumacion –que se entendera producida por el mero uso del secreto o de la informacion privilegiada con la intencion de lograr algun beneficio economico. Finalmente, la autora repasa el contenido de la responsabilidad penal, prevista autonomamente, de los particulares que resulten beneficiados por dicha accion. Palabras clave: Acceso a informacion privilegiada, secreto, deber de guardar reserva, cargo publico, uso de informacion o secreto. Abstract: The analysis of the various elements from which it is defined the crime of abuse of privileged information of government employees constitutes the aim of this work. This analysis extends to juridical protected goods – the integrity of the function and the protection of the general interest-; to the active agent – the government employee who legally access to the privileged information or secret-; to the normal action – the use of the secret or the privileged information for personal benefit-; to the object itself – the secret and/or privileged information- ; and, finally, to its termination – produced by the simple use of the secret or the privileged information with the intention of obtaining any economic benefit. Finally, the author examines the content of the penal responsibility, autonomously foreseen, of the particulars that were favored by this action. Keywords: Access to privileged information, secret, duty of maintaining reservation, public office, use of information or secret.
Hydrolysis of Uranium Carbides between 25 and 100°. II. Uranium Dicarbide, Uranium Metal-Monocarbide Mixtures, and Uranium Monocarbide-Dicarbide Mixtures (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of Uranium Carbides between 25 and 100°. II. Uranium Dicarbide, Uranium Metal-Monocarbide Mixtures, and Uranium Monocarbide-Dicarbide MixturesMildred J. Bradley and Leslie M. FerrisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 2, 189–195Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50012a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50012a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Contextual Hourglass Networks for Segmentation and Density Estimation (2018)

Hourglass networks such as the U-Net and V-Net are popular neural architectures for medical image segmentation and counting problems. Typical instances of hourglass networks contain shortcut connections between mirroring layers. These shortcut connections improve the performance and it is hypothesized that this is due to mitigating effects on the vanishing gradient problem and the ability of the model to combine feature maps from earlier and later layers. We propose a method for not only combining feature maps of mirroring layers but also feature maps of layers with different spatial dimensions. For instance, the method enables the integration of the bottleneck feature map with those of the reconstruction layers. The proposed approach is applicable to any hourglass architecture. We evaluated the contextual hourglass networks on image segmentation and object counting problems in the medical domain. We achieve competitive results outperforming popular hourglass networks by up to 17 percentage points.
A novel double patterning approach for 30nm dense holes (2011)

Double Patterning Technology (DPT) was commonly accepted as the major workhorse beyond water immersion lithography for sub-38nm half-pitch line patterning before the EUV production. For dense hole patterning, classical DPT employs self-aligned spacer deposition and uses the intersection of horizontal and vertical lines to define the desired hole patterns. However, the increase in manufacturing cost and process complexity is tremendous. Several innovative approaches have been proposed and experimented to address the manufacturing and technical challenges. A novel process of double patterned pillars combined image reverse will be proposed for the realization of low cost dense holes in 30nm node DRAM. The nature of pillar formation lithography provides much better optical contrast compared to the counterpart hole patterning with similar CD requirements. By the utilization of a reliable freezing process, double patterned pillars can be readily implemented. A novel image reverse process at the last stage defines the hole patterns with high fidelity. In this paper, several freezing processes for the construction of the double patterned pillars were tested and compared, and 30nm double patterning pillars were demonstrated successfully. A variety of different image reverse processes will be investigated and discussed for their pros and cons. An economic approach with the optimized lithography performance will be proposed for the application of 30nm DRAM node.
Dynamic Connectivity in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (2011)

In wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), due to the dynamic underground channel characteristics and the heterogeneous network architecture, the connectivity analysis is much more complicated than in the terrestrial wireless sensor networks and ad hoc networks, which was not addressed before, to our knowledge. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to analyze the dynamic connectivity in WUSNs, which captures the effects of the environmental parameters such as the soil composition and the soil moisture, and the system parameters such as the operating frequency, the sensor burial depth, the sink antenna height, the density of the sensor and sink devices, the tolerable latency of the networks, and the number and the mobility of the above-ground sinks. The lower and upper bounds of the connectivity probability are derived to analytically provide principles and guidelines for the design and deployment of WUSNs in various environmental conditions.
AKRL1 and AKRL2 activate the JNK pathway (2003)

AKRL1 and AKRL2 are localized to Golgi and the novel activators of the JNK pathway.
Removal of organic solvents by cryogenic desolvation in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Invited lecture (1994)

Methanol, ethanol, acetone or acetonitrile were nebulized continuously with an ultrasonic nebulizer. The solvent was removed from the aerosol stream by repetitive heating at approximately 100 °C and cooling in a set of cryogenic loops at –80 °C. The resulting aerosol was then introduced into an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Ethanol was the only solvent that required a continuous dose of additional O2(1–5%) in the aerosol gas to prevent deposition of carbon on the sampler. Oxide ratios for LaO+:La+ and UO+:U+ were 0.03–0.1%. Cryogenic desolvation attenuated but did not eliminate the usual carbon-containing polyatomic ions (e.g., CO+, CO2+, ArC+ and ArCO+). Analyte sensitivities from metal nitrate salts in methanol were comparable to the sensitivities from aqueous metal solutions. Substantial memory effects were observed from several metal complexes.
Physiologic smoothing of blood time-activity curves for PET data analysis. (1997)

This approach, using a physiologically reasonable model to smooth the blood TAC, is a useful aid in PET data analysis, particularly when the data are quite noisy or when there are large gaps in the data.
Isolation and point of action of a factor from Escherichia coli required to reconstruct translation. (1985)

To study the mechanism of translation we have attempted to reconstruct the process from purified components. Protein synthesis was programmed by the RNAs of wild-type or amber mutants of bacteriophages f2 or MS2. Translation programmed by MS2 or f2am3 RNA does not occur using ribosomes, precharged aminoacyl-tRNAs, and the sum of the purified proteins involved in initiation (initiation factors; IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3), propagation (elongation factors; EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G) and termination (release factors; RF-1 or RF-2) of protein synthesis. The requirement for a protein called W was demonstrated. Protein W was purified free of all translation factors, activating enzymes, and other proteins such as the RR, "rescue," and EF-P implicated in translation. The stimulation of propagation by W depended on the position of the amino acid residue to be added in the synthesis of the NH2-terminal hexapeptide of the coat protein. In the reconstructed system, with the sum of all translation factors but in the absence of W, only dipeptides and smaller quantities of tripeptides were synthesized under the direction of f2am3 RNA. W stimulated the synthesis of the hexapeptide, fMet-Ala-Ser-AspNH2-Phe-Thr directed by this RNA. In addition, W stimulated ejection of non-cognate tRNAs that bind to ribosomal particles.
Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in peripheral blood lymphocytes and antibodies to the adducts in serum from coke oven workers. (1985)

Coke oven workers are exposed to high levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and are at increased risk of lung cancer. Since B[a]P is enzymatically activated to 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy(9 alpha, 10 alpha)epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]PDE) that forms adducts with DNA, the presence of these adducts was measured in DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes by synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry and enzyme radioimmunoassay. Approximately two-thirds of the workers had detectable levels of B[a]PDE-DNA adducts. Antibodies to the DNA adducts were also found in the serum of 27% of the workers. B[a]PDE-DNA adducts were not detectable in lymphocytes and antibodies to the adducts were not detected in sera from a control group of nonsmoking laboratory workers. DNA adducts and/or antibodies to the adducts indicate exposure to B[a]P and its metabolic activation to the carcinogenic metabolite that covalently binds to and damages DNA. Detection of adducts and antibodies to them may also be useful as internal dosimeters of the pathobiological effective doses of chemical carcinogens.
A tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) is present in seeds, roots and somatic embryos of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) (1995)

Many plant species contain a seed‐specific tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) in their protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). Although the function of the protein is not known, its structure implies it to act as a transporter protein, possibly during storage nutrient accumulation/breakdown or during desiccation/imbibition of seeds. As mature somatic embryos of Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce) contain PSVs, we examined the presence of TIP in them. Both the megagametophyte and seed embryo accumulate storage nutrients, but at different times and we therefore studied the temporal accumulation of TIP during seed development. Antiserum against the seed‐specific a ‐TIP of Phaseolus vulgaris recognized an abundant 27 kDa tonoplast protein in mature seeds of P. abies . By immunogold labeling of sectioned mature megagametophytes we localized the protein to the PSV membrane. We also isolated the membranes of the PSVs from mature seeds and purified an integral membrane protein that reacted heavily with the antiserum. A sequence of 11 amino acid residues [AEEATHPDSIR], that was obtained from a polypeptide after in‐gel trypsin digestion of the purified membrane protein, showed high local identity to a ‐TIP of Arabidopsis thaliana and to a ‐TIP of P. vulgaris . The greatest accumulation of TIP in the megagametophytes occurred at the time of storage protein accumulation. A lower molecular mass band also stained from about the time of fertilization until early embryo development. The staining of this band disappeared as the higher molecular mass (27 kDa) band accumulated in the megagametophyte during seed development. Total protein was also extracted from developing zygotic embryos and from somatic embryos. In zygotic embryos low‐levels of TIP were seen at all stages investigated, but stained most at the time of storage protein accumulation. The protein was also present in mature somatic embryos but not in proliferating embryogenic tissues in culture. In addition to the seed tissue material, the antiserum also reacted with proteins present in extracts from roots and hypocotyls but not cotyledons from 13‐day‐old seedlings.
Concurrent Information Assurance Architecture (2002)

Abstract : Currently, many tasks in the information security field are accomplished in a sequential manner, often after the fact, which limits the urgency of time response and usefulness of the tools and approaches currently available. The next step toward more secure networking is taking a Concurrent Information Assurance (C-IA) approach, which executes security-critical functionality concurrently on several different levels. The C-IA Architecture (C-IAA) postulates concurrent information assurance (IA) by providing configurable, coordinated, automated situation analysis, decision assistance, and response. The C-IAA's objective is to create the underpinnings for an architecture that executes security-critical functionality in an automated fashion, distributively, concurrently, and separately from other applications. C-IAA systems exploit the severability of concurrent processing into separate execution environments to achieve a high confidence and minimal impact on information, IA components, and the organizations dependant on that information.
Auditory Evidence Grids (2006)

Sound source localization on a mobile robot can be a difficult task due to a variety of problems inherent to a real environment, including robot ego-noise, echoes, and the transient nature of ambient noise. As a result, source localization data are often very noisy and unreliable. In this work, we overcome some of these problems by combining the localization evidence over a variety of robot poses using an evidence grid. The result is a representation that localizes the pertinent objects well over time, can be used to filter poor localization results, and may also be useful for global re-localization from sound localization results
Your Location has been Shared 5,398 Times! A Field Study on Mobile App Privacy Nudging (CMU-ISR-14-116) (2018)

Smartphone users are often unaware of the data collected by apps running on their devices. We report on a study that evaluates the benefits of giving users an app permission manager and of sending them nudges intended to raise their awareness of the data collected by their apps. Our study provides both qualitative and quantitative evidence that these approaches are complementary and can each play a significant role in empowering users to more effectively control their privacy. For instance, even after a week with access to the permission manager, participants benefited from nudges showing them how often some of their sensitive data was being accessed by apps, with 95% of participants reassessing their permissions, and 58% of them further restricting some of their permissions. We discuss how participants interacted both with the permission manager and the privacy nudges, analyze the effectiveness of both solutions and derive some recommendations.