gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanopore fabrication in amorphous Si: Viscous flow model and comparison to experiment (2010)

Nanopores fabricated in free-standing amorphous silicon thin films were observed to close under 3 keV argon ion irradiation. The closing rate, measured in situ, exhibited a memory effect: at the same instantaneous radius, pores that started larger close more slowly. An ion-stimulated viscous flow model is developed and solved in both a simple analytical approximation for the small-deformation limit and in a finite element solution for large deformations. The finite-element solution exhibits surprising changes in cross-section morphology, which may be extremely valuable for single biomolecule detection, and are untested experimentally. The finite-element solution reproduces the shape of the measured nanopore radius versus fluence behavior and the sign and magnitude of the measured memory effect. We discuss aspects of the experimental data not reproduced by the model, and successes and failures of the competing adatom diffusion model.
Field Trial of Composite Fiber-Optic Overhead Ground Wire, (1983)

Abstract : A composite fiber-optic ground wire (OPGW), which provides additional communication capabilities for system protection and control of overhead power transmission systems has been developed. After laboratory tests, the OPGW was strung along a live power transmission line in a mountainous region and has been confirmed to have sufficient performance to establish a high-speed digital transmission network able to withstand actual conditions. The field trial line, constructed substantially by existing techniques, has proved that the new OPGW, accessories such as clamps and joint boxes, installation technique, and on-tower splicing method can be effectively utilized to produce a protection and control system with extremely stable characteristics. (Author)
Elimination of False Positives Generated Through PCR Re-amplification of Differential Display cDNA (1998)

Differential display (DD) is a powerful molecular tool that allows the identification and subsequent isolation of transcripts differentially expressed between biological samples, for example, between undifferentiated and differentiated cells, between different tissues or in one tissue at different stages of development. However, significantly high rates of apparent false positives have been reported using this technique. We suggest that the vast majority of false positives do not represent the originally selected transcript, but instead result from the re-amplification of cDNA species that co-migrate with the cDNA of interest in DD gels. Here we describe the use of a procedure to resolve co-migrating cDNAs and to purify the candidate of interest before cloning. The use of this modified technique resolves downstream problems encountered during DD experiments.
Mastering Transfer Function Specification by using VolumePro Technology (2000)

A new user-interface paradigm for the specification of transfer functions is presented. The specification is usually a difficult task as mapping information for a number of different domains (data range, color, opacity, etc.) has to be defined. In the presented approach, the definition of the mapping information can be realized independently for each property domain. A set of specification tools is provided for each domain, enabling users with different levels of experience or demanding time restrictions to choose an appropriate approach for their needs. Real-time feedback during the manipulation of parameters has been proven to be crucial to the specification. An interactive direct-volume-rendering display is realized by utilizing dedicated hardware acceleration. Keywords: Volume Visualization, Transfer Function Specification, VolumePro ray-casting system 1 Introduction When employing direct-volume-rendering for the visualization of volumetric data sets, typically a transfer functi...
Methods of Assessment (2019)

Traditional assessment as practised by some of the examination boards, involves the very minimum of communication. In the quest for greater validity and reliability, a series of new methods of assessment have been developed by award bodies and teachers. In the search for scientific reliability, traditional methods of assessment have relied heavily upon the concept of the 'norm' and the normal frequency distribution. The design of criteria is generally speaking the responsibility of the tutor concerned as assessment should obviously take into account the needs of the particular students and course. Amongst the criteria identified by the Review of Vocational Qualifications is that assessment should be based upon skills, knowledge, understanding and ability in application. Some centres have attempted to assess Business and Technician Education Council core skill areas through tasks carried out at work, asking the student in consultation with the employer to select certain jobs for assessment purposes.
Maximum likelihood algorithm for PET image reconstruction based on fuzzy random variable (2005)

This work presents a new iterative method for reconstructing positron emission tomography (PET) images. Unlike conventional maximum likelihood-expectation maximization (MLEM), this method intends to introduce the fuzzy set principle to MLEM algorithm. In this work, the noncognitive uncertainty of the observed projection data are described by their probability density function; whereas the cognitive uncertainty of a random variable can be described by the membership function for its fuzziness. The mean of the observed projection data are regard as fuzzy random variables because of the complexity of system. The fuzzy random variable can be represented by a triangular membership function. We establish a joint probability density function that includes the effects of both fuzziness and randomness. The maximum likelihood approach is used to estimate the image vector. The order subset (OS), rescaled block-iterative (RBI), and row-action (RA) techniques are applied to our PET reconstructed method to speed up the convergence rate and to decrease the iteration numbers.
Polypeptide-Templated Synthesis of Hexagonal Silica Platelets (2005)

Several studies have demonstrated the use of biomimetic approaches in the synthesis of a variety of inorganic materials. Poly-L-lysine (PLL) promotes the precipitation of silica from a silicic acid solution within minutes. The molecular weight of PLL was found to affect the morphology of the resulting silica precipitate. Larger-molecular weight PLL produced hexagonal silica platelets, whereas spherical silica particles were obtained using low-molecular weight PLL. Here we report on the polypeptide secondary-structure transition that occurs during the silicification reaction. The formation of the hexagonal silica platelets is attributed to the PLL helical chains that are formed in the presence of monosilicic acid and phosphate ions. Hexagonal PLL crystals can also serve as templates in directing the growth of the silica in a manner that generates a largely mesoporous silica phase that is oriented with respect to the protein crystal template.
LECITHIN (1921)

It may seem unwarrantedto reopen the question of brain lecithin.Does brain contain lecithin?Does this, if present, differ from lecithins of other organs ?These questions at this date seem peculiar when one takes into consideration that Gobley,' who discovered lecithin in the egg yolk in 1846, reported its isolation from t,he brain in 1847.Later workers, still of the group of pioneers, substantiated these early observations.Among them the -affirmative work of Thudichum2 carries most weight since no other single worker has devoted as much energy and care to the isolation of the brain components.In recent years, Koch3 has claimed to have isolated lecithin from the brain tissue.On the other hand, Frgnkel and Linnert4 deny the presence of lecithin in the brain tissue of man.True, these authors are inclined to see in their finding a point of differentiation in the chemical structure of the human brain from that of other species.On the other hand, older workers never recorded any differences in the lipoids of the brain derived from different species, and the question naturally arose, does the negative finding of FrSinkel and Linnert apply also to the brain of other species than of man?In the days of Gobley, and even in those of Thudichum, the methods of identification of individual lipoids were very imperfect and, a priori, one would naturally be inclined to attribute more weight to results obtained by more recent work.
Allogeneic transplantation for AML and MDS: GVL versus GVHD and disease recurrence (2013)

Allogeneic transplantation constitutes curative treatment for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Its therapeutic effects are to a large extent mediated by GVL effects, but partially offset by treatment-related mortality and loss of quality of life caused by acute and chronic GVHD. Although severe acute and chronic GVHD are associated with a reduction in relapse risk, they are not associated with improved survival. Recent efforts to modulate the GVL-GVH balance include novel methods of in vitro or in vivo T-cell depletion that are associated with a minimal impact on rates of disease recurrence and a dramatically decreased risk for GVHD. Donor selection algorithms may also have a significant impact on transplantation outcomes. Low-expression HLA alleles, particularly HLA-DP, should be incorporated in selection of adult unrelated donors. Evolving data suggest that KIR typing may also be important. High-resolution HLA typing and the importance of fetal-maternal interactions in umbilical cord blood transplantation are also briefly discussed. A combination of donor selection strategies and GVHD prophylaxis methods will favorably affect long-term outcomes and create an environment suitable for effective posttransplantation interventions.
Simulation and optimization of peptide separation by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (2002)

The potential of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation of peptides has been extensively demonstrated in the last decade. Their correct characterization and sequenciation is a difficult task that can be accomplished using CE-mass spectrometry (CE-MS). An important limitation of CE-MS is the buffer choice since it should provide an adequate CE separation without ruining the MS signal. In this work, a new strategy is used to help to solve this limitation based on the combination of two different methodologies. Namely, an ab initio semiempirical model that relates electrophoretic behavior of peptides to their sequence is first used to obtain in a fast and easy way adequate CE buffers compatible with MS analysis. Next, CE-MS is used to separate and characterize peptides via the determination of their relative molecular masses. The usefulness of this procedure is demonstrated analyzing in a single CE-MS run a group of 10 standard peptides of very different nature (i.e., relative molecular masses ranging from 132 to 1037 and isoelectric points ranging from 5.69 to 10.62). It is concluded that the use of this strategy can help to overcome the buffer limitation in CE-MS.
Targeting a <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Group I Intron with Methylphosphonate Oligonucleotides:  Backbone Charge Is Not Required for Binding or Reactivity (2000)

Pneumocystis carinii is a mammalian pathogen that contains a self-splicing group I intron in its large subunit rRNA precursor. We report the binding of methylphosphonate/DNA chimeras and neutral methylphosphonate oligonucleotides to a ribozyme that is a truncated form of the intron. At 15 mM Mg(2+), the nuclease-resistant all-methylphosphonate hexamer, d(AmTmGmAmCm)rU, with a sequence that mimics the 3' end of the precursor's 5' exon, binds with a dissociation constant of 272 nM. The hexamer's dissociation constant for binding by base-pairing alone to the ribozyme's binding site sequence is 8.3 mM. Thus there is a 30 000-fold binding enhancement by tertiary interactions (BETI), which is close to the 60 000-fold enhancement previously observed with the all-ribo hexamer, r(AUGACU). Evidently, backbone charge and 2' hydroxyl groups are not required for BETI. At 3-15 mM Mg(2+), the all-methylphosphonate and DNA oligonucleotides trans-splice to a truncated form of the rRNA precursor, but do not compete with cis-splicing when pG is present. These results suggest that uncharged or partially charged backbones may be used to design therapeutics to target RNAs through binding enhancement by tertiary interactions and suicide inhibition strategies.
Computers Today, with Basic (1988)

Computers today, with BASIC , Computers today, with BASIC , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
FLUORINATED PYRIMIDINES. XXIV. IN VIVO METABOLISM OF 5-TRIFLUOROMETHYLURACIL-2-C-14 AND 5-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-2'-DEOXYURIDINE-2-C-14. (1965)

Summary The excretion, distribution, and metabolism in tumor bearing mice of 5-trifluoromethyluracil-2-C14, 5-trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine-2-C14, and 5-carboxyuracil-2-C14 have been studied. In contrast to all other pyrimidines, the ring of these compounds is not metabolically degraded. The nucleoside is cleaved to the pyrimidine base, and 5-carboxyuracil is the only catabolite formed. The tissue distribution of radioactivity has been determined, and there is no selective localization in the tumor. 5-Trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine is incorporated into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of these tissues, but to a very small extent. The deoxyribonucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphates have been demonstrated as anabolic products in the tissues. In the tissues studied the catabolism is least in the tumor and most in the intestines.
Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles—Is It There? An Attempt to Repeat the Observation of Nuclear Emissions from Sonoluminescence (2002)

We have repeated the experiment of Taleyarkhan et al. [Science 295, 1868 (2002)]] in an attempt to detect the emission of neutrons from d-d fusion during bubble collapse in deuterated acetone. Using the same cavitation apparatus, a more sophisticated data acquisition system, and a larger scintillator detector, we find no evidence for 2.5-MeV neutron emission correlated with sonoluminescence form collapsing bubbles. Any neutron emission that might occur is at least 4 orders of magnitude too small to explain the tritium production reported in Taleyarkhan et al. as being due to d-d fusion. We show that proper allowance for random coincidence rates in such experiments requires the simultaneous measurement of the count rates in the individual detectors.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Approach to Perfluorochemicals: Liquid Phase Photofluorination with Elemental Fluorine. Part 1. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Charles William Eliot Centennial (1934)

H IGHER and professional education in America owe their present standards to no one more than to Charles William Eliot. March 20, I934, marks the centennial of his birth. When he came to Harvard in I869, it was a small college with loosely appended professional schools. He left it forty years later a great university of which the professional schools were definitely and consciously a part. Some of the conditions which he strove to change are told in quotations from his writings. In i854, previous to his twentieth birthday, he wrote to his mother that his life work was to be in the field of education. Two years later while giving a course in chemistry in the Medical School, he was convinced that changes were needed.
Secure email-based peer to peer information retrieval (2005)

In this paper, we describe the implementation of a distributed search engine called SEGPX based on email communication. SEGPX uses X.509 public-key and attribute certificate frameworks and utilizes email servers for communications. Advanced features, such as store and forward, document encryption and client side user authentication/authorization etc., are provided to adapt the use for secure group collaboration over the public networks.
Structure and differential expression of the four members of the Arabidopsis thaliana ferritin gene family (2001)

Four ferritin genes are found within the complete sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. All of them are expressed and their corresponding cDNA species have been cloned. The polypeptide sequences deduced from these four genes confirm all the properties of the ferritin subunits described so far, non-exhaustively, from various plant species. All are predicted to be targeted to the plastids, which is consistent with the existence of a putative transit peptide at their N-terminal extremity. They also all possess a conserved extension peptide in the mature subunit. Specific residues for ferroxidase activity and iron nucleation, which are found respectively in H-type or L-type ferritin subunits in animals, are both conserved within each of the four A. thaliana ferritin polypeptides. In addition, the hydrophilic nature of the plant ferritin E-helix is conserved in the four A. thaliana ferritin subunits. Besides this strong structural conservation, the four genes are differentially expressed in response to various environmental signals, and during the course of plant growth and development. AtFer1 and AtFer3 are the two major genes expressed in response to treatment with an iron overload. Under our experimental conditions, AtFer4 is expressed with different kinetics and AtFer2 is not responsive to iron. H2O2 activates the expression of AtFer1 and, to a smaller extent, AtFer3. Abscisic acid promotes the expression of only AtFer2, which is consistent with the observation that this is the only gene of the four to be expressed in seeds, whereas AtFer1, AtFer4 and AtFer3 are expressed in various vegetative organs but not in seeds.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION IN THE MINING INDUSTRY (1958)

Approximately one third of all uranium ore mined in the United States is either processed or soon to be processed by solvent extraction. This process permits a minimum of reagent inventory and operating labor, and maximum process flexibility. It requires a minimum of capital outlay and space requirement. in operation, a water-immiscible organic phase is iatimately mixed with the uranium- pregnant sulfuric acid leach solution, whereupon the uranium, with some impurities, enters the organic phase. The two-phases are then separated by virtue of their immiscibility and the uranium-barren aqueous phase, raffinate,'' is usually wasted. The uranium-loaded organic phase is then mixed with an aqueous stripping solution which removes the uranium while simultaneously conditioning the organic phase for recycle. By adjustment of the relative volumes of aqueous feed and aqueous stripping solution, a relatively high concentration of uranium is obtained in the aqueous product. A schematic diagram of the process is presented, and a diagram of a typical process flowsheet is included. (J.H.M.)
Network on Chip with CDMA Technique (2014)

NoC (network On Chip) is an efficient approach to design the communication subsystem between IP Cores in SoC (System on Chip). In this paper a communication infrastructure design using CDMA (Code division multiple access) based shared bus architecture for core-to-core communication in NoC is presented. CDMA has been proposed as an alternative way for interconnect of IP cores in a SoC design, or as a solution for interconnecting modules within a system realized in several PCBs. Compared to a conventional TDMA-based bus this paper present how a multiprocessor system can benefit from the use of concurrent data transfers. The simulation of the system using VHDL code is carried out. The performance of the system and is evaluated.
Abrogation of Macrophage-dependent Injury in Experimental Glomerulonephritis in the Rabbit (1981)

Macrophages were shown by the use of glomerular cell culture and morphologic techniques to be present in large numbers within the glomeruli of rabbits with acute serum sickness (AcSS) and in a passive model of the autologous phase of antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody-induced glomerulonephritis (PAGBMN). To determine the part played by these cells in the glomerular injury, animals were treated with a sheep anti-rabbit macrophage serum (AMS) or normal sheep serum (NSS). NSS administration had no effect on the development of either model of glomerulonephritis. The use of AMS reduced the number of circulating monocytes and prevented the accumulation of macrophages within glomeruli in both models (AcSS/NSS, mean 126/glomerulus, range 40-251; AcSS/AMS, mean 8, range 1-44; PAGBMN/NSS, mean 52, range 27-69; PAGBMN/AMS, mean 5, range 2-7). The AMS-treated rabbits had only minor histologic lesion and profound reduction in proteinuria (AcSS/NSS, mean 516 mg/24 h, range 200-991; AcSS/AMS, mean 41, range 3-161; PAGBMN/NSS, mean 335, range 55-975; PAGBMN/AMS, mean 10, range 2-24). Similar studies in the heterologous phase of glomerular injury induced by the same anti-GBM antibody revealed no effect of the AMS on this polymorphonuclear leukocyte-related phase of injury, demonstrating the selectivity of the antisera. Complement depletion, with cobra venom factor, did not affect the development of glomerulonephritis nor the accumulation of macrophages in either model. Inhibition of macrophage accumulation can largely prevent these forms of experimental glomerulonephritis, thereby implicating macrophages as mediators of glomerular injury and consequent proteinuria.
Direct observations of pseudomorphism: compositional and textural evolution at a fluid-solid interface (2005)

Solid-fluid interactions often involve the replacement of one phase by another while retaining the morphology and structural details of the parent phase, i.e, pseudomorphism. We present in situ observations of the evolution of both the solid and fluid compositions at the interface during such a replacement reaction in the model system KBr-KCl-H2O, in which a single crystal of KBr is replaced by a single crystal of KCl. The pseudomorphism is initiated by epitaxial growth at the fluid-mineral interface, when the dissolution of the parent phase results in an interfacial fluid layer that is supersaturated with respect to a different solid composition. The subsequent evolution of the coupled dissolution and growth can be related to local equilibrium defined by a Lippmann diagram. The reaction features, including the development of porosity in the new solid phase, share many characteristics of replacement reactions in nature as well as in technical applications
Use of Recycled Rubber Tires in Normal and High-Strength Concretes (2009)

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American Academy of Pediatrics. Preventive health care for young children: Findings from a 10-country study and directions for United States policy. (1992)

Infant health and survival in the US compare unfavorably with other Western industrial democracies. Circumstances that contribute to favorable pregnancy outcomes in other countries include nearly complete participation of pregnant women in early prenatal care and linkage of care to extensive support benefits. The study reported here extends these earlier observations to preventive health services for children from infancy through adolescence and to the social benefit programs that support their families. This report looks at the condition of children in 10 European countries: Belgium, Denmark, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. All of these countries have better infant survival rates than the US, and they all share elements of pluralism in their systems of health care.