gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guide to I.M. injections in newborns (2010)

Did you ever wonder why we give I.M. injections to newborns? I.M. injections are administered in newborns to deliver medications deeply into the muscle without causing injury to the tiny patient. Skeletal muscle can accommodate larger volumes of medication than subcutaneous tissue, and absorption is faster because muscle tissue is highly vascular. Muscle has fewer pain-sensing nerves than subcutaneous tissue and is less sensitive to irritating and viscous medications, so pain is lessened. The I.M. route is also used for medications requiring a prolonged period of action.Figure: Find out how to give an I.M. injection to your tiniest patient.However, there are disadvantages to I.M. injections. They pose risk to bones, nerves, tissues, and blood vessels, such as contractures, palsy, peripheral nerve injury, neuropathy, hematomas, bleeding, persistent nodules, arterial punctures, permanent damage to the sciatic nerve resulting in paralysis, fibrosis, abscess, tissue necrosis, gangrene, and muscle contraction. There's also a danger of foreign bacteria being introduced into the body, which may lead to infection. Because of the dangers associated with this clinical skill, it's important for nurses to update themselves regularly on the latest evidence-based practices. Many nurses learned to give injections in a time-honored ritual from other nurses and may not see a need to review current research on the topic. However, recommendations often change, even for such a basic skill as I.M. injections! For example, in 1996 there was a recommendation that nurses select the rectus femoris as the best place to give an I.M. injection to a newborn. A decade later, in 2007, it's clearly stated that the vastus lateralis is the preferred site for administering I.M. injections in this age group. By familiarizing yourself with the most recent recommendations for the proper site, volume, angle, speed of injection, and comfort measures for administering I.M. injections in newborns, you'll contribute to a higher standard of care. Sample policy and procedure The following sample policy and procedure incorporates current rationale for each step.TableTableThe end is just the beginning You now have the answers to the most common questions you may have asked yourself about giving I.M. injections to newborns or those you may have been asked by other nurses. Remember, you can search research databases such as the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, which you should have access to at your facility. Contact your facility's librarian to discover how incredibly easy it is to find the answers to your questions!Figure: How to properly give an I.M. injection to a newborn
Leptin Activates a Novel CNS Mechanism for Insulin-Independent Normalization of Severe Diabetic Hyperglycemia (2010)

The brain has emerged as a target for the insulin-sensitizing effects of several hormonal and nutrient-related signals. The current studies were undertaken to investigate mechanisms whereby leptin lowers circulating blood glucose levels independently of insulin. After extending previous evidence that leptin infusion directly into the lateral cerebral ventricle ameliorates hyperglycemia in rats with streptozotocin-induced uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, we showed that the underlying mechanism is independent of changes of food intake, urinary glucose excretion, or recovery of pancreatic β-cells. Instead, leptin action in the brain potently suppresses hepatic glucose production while increasing tissue glucose uptake despite persistent, severe insulin deficiency. This leptin action is distinct from its previously reported effect to increase insulin sensitivity in the liver and offers compelling evidence that the brain has the capacity to normalize diabetic hyperglycemia in the presence of sufficient amounts of central nervous system leptin.
Deep Learning-based Approach for Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings (2018)

Condition monitoring and fault detection of roller element bearings is of vital importance to ensuring safe and reliable operation of rotating machinery systems. Over the past few years, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been recognized as a useful tool for fault detection of roller element bearings. Unlike the traditional fault diagnosis approaches, CNN does not require manually extracting the fault-related features from the raw sensor data and most CNN-based fault diagnosis approaches feed the raw or shallowly pre-processed data as the training/testing inputs to a CNN model, thereby avoiding the need for manual feature extraction. As such, these approaches can be considered as purely data-driven. However, it has been proven that some well-established signal pre-processing techniques such as spectral kurtosis and envelope analysis can effectively clean and pre-process a raw signal to be a better representative of the health condition of a bearing without losing critical diagnostic information. This study proposes a new approach to bearing fault diagnosis, termed the SK-based multi-channel CNN (SCNN), that combines signal pre-processing techniques with a modified 1D CNN. The proposed SCNN approach involves two main steps: in the first step, each raw sensor signal acquired from a bearing is pre-processed to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio without losing critical diagnostic information carried by the signal; and in the second step, all pre-processed signals are fed into a 1D multi-channel CNN that classifies the health condition of the bearing. An experimental case study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. In this case study, a machinery fault simulator was used to validate the performance of SCNN in the presence of faults unrelated to bearings such as shaft misalignment and rotor unbalance.
Assembly of Colloidal Particles by Evaporation on Surfaces with Patterned Hydrophobicity (2004)

Drops containing suspended particles are placed on surfaces of patterned wettability created using soft lithography; the drop diameter is large compared to the dimensions of the patterns on the substrate. As the three-phase contact line of the drop recedes, spontaneous dewetting of the hydrophobic domains and flow into the hydrophilic domains create discrete fluid elements with peripheries that can mimic the underlying surface topography. Suspended particles are carried with the fluid into the wetted regions and deposit there as the discrete fluid domains evaporate. If particle volume fractions are sufficiently high, the entire wetted domain can be covered with colloidal crystals. At lower volume fractions, flow within the evaporating fluid element can direct the deposition of colloidal particles at the peripheries of the domains. High-resolution arrays of particles were obtained with a variety of features depending upon the relative size of the wetting regions to the particles. When the wetting region is larger than the particles, three-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays of ordered particles mimicking the shape of the wetting pattern form, depending on the particle volume fraction. For lower volume fractions, one-dimensional (1-D) arrays along the wet/non-wet boundaries form. When the particle size is similar to the height of fluid on the wetted domain, zero-dimensional distributions of single particles centered in the wet regions can form for wetted squares or 1-D distributions (stripes) form along the axis of striped domains. Finally, when the wetting region is smaller than the particle size, the particles do not deposit within the features but are drawn backward with the receding drop. These results indicate that evaporation on surfaces of patterned wetting provides a highly parallelizable means of tailoring the geometry of particle distributions to create patterned media.
A single-chip CMOS optical microspectrometer with light-to-frequency converter and bus interface (2002)

A single-chip CMOS optical microspectrometer containing an array of 16 addressable Fabry-Perot etalons (each one with a different resonance cavity length), photodetectors, and circuits for readout, multiplexing, and driving a serial bus interface has been fabricated in a standard 1.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology (chip area 3.9 /spl times/ 4.2 mm/sup 2/). The result is a chip that can operate using only four external connections (including V/sub dd/ and V/sub ss/) covering the optical range of 380-500 nm with full-width half-maximum (FWHM) = 18 nm. Frequency output and serial bus interface allow easy multisensor and multichip interfacing using a microcontroller or a personal computer. Power consumption is 1250 /spl mu/W for a clock frequency of 1 MHz.
Cellulose organic solutions: A nuclear magnetic resonance investigation (1980)

Abstract Four solvents of cellulose have been studied by using 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. All these solvents, N ‐methyl morpholine‐ N ‐oxide, methylamine, hydrazine, and paraformaldehyde (PF), contained dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cosolvent. Oligomers of cellulose of DP = 10 soluble in hot DMSO have been used as model compounds. 13 C chemical shifts and line shapes show that three of the mentioned solvents are “true solvents” of cellulose. On the other hand, dissolution of cellulose in DMSO‐PF system occurs by the formation of a statistical derivative of cellulose. Enriched 13 C bacterial cellulose on C‐1 and C‐6 positions have been used to identify the 13 C positions mainly in DMSO‐ N ‐methyl morpholine‐ N ‐oxide system. This solvent has been found to be degradative for the macromolecule when the solution is kept at 100°C over a long period. Viscosity measurements show a reduction of the molecular weight in these conditions. Polarimetry indicates that no glucose is present in solution and hence there is a statistical break of the chain. Enriched cellulose solution in DMSO– N ‐methyl morpholine‐ N ‐oxide has been also used for relaxation time ( T 1 ) determination both of the solvent and of the enriched carbons of the polymer. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) was found to be 1.8 for C‐1 and 2.1 for C‐6 showing that relaxation phenomenon is not purely dipolar. T 1 values of 97 and 65 msec are found for C‐1 and C‐6 of cellulose, in good agreement with the values known for polysaccharides. Determination of T 1 for the different carbon atoms of the solvent DMSO‐ N ‐methyl morpholine‐ N ‐oxide with and without cellulose shows a large reduction of T 1 for N ‐methyl morpholine‐ N ‐oxide molecule. This denotes a slower molecular motion of this molecule and a preferential interaction with the cellulose macromolecule.
Novel Glycerol-Crosslinked Poly(acrylic acid) Hydrogel for Encapsulation and Release of Benzocaine (2011)

rug delivery by a controlled-release mechanism offers several advantages over traditional delivery systems such as improved therapeutic activity, reduced number of drug administrations, as well as minimizing the risk of over-dose or under-dose. In this study, attempt has been made to develop a novel controlled release device from glycerol crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. Glycerol crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) was fabricated by polymerizing acrylic acid and crosslinking the polymer with glycerol in the same reaction pot in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and Novozym 435. The fabricated hydrogel swelled more than 100% in neutral, acidic and basic buffer solutions. Swelling was pH and temperature dependent. The hydrogel encapsulated the drug benzocaine; the amount encapsulated was dependent on time, temperature and initial benzocaine concentration. The hydrogel also released the drug at a controlled rate. D
The KeyKOS Nanokernel Architecture (1992)

The KeyKOS nanokernel is a capability-based object-oriented operating system that has been in production use since 1983. Its original implementation was motivated by the need to provide security, reliability, and 24-hour availability for applications on the Tymnet® hosts. Requirements included the ability to run multiple instantiations of several operating systems on a single hardware system. KeyKOS was implemented on the System/370, and has since been ported to the 680x0 and 88x00 processor families. Implementations of EDX, RPS, VM, MVS, and UNIX have been constructed. The nanokernel is approximately 20,000 lines of C code, including capability, checkpoint, and virtual memory support. The nanokernel itself can run in less than 100 Kilobytes of memory. KeyKOS is characterized by a small set of powerful and highly optimized primitives that allow it to achieve performance competitive with the macrokernel operating systems that it replaces. Objects are exclusively invoked through protected capabilities, supporting high levels of security and intervals between failures in excess of one year. Messages between agents may contain both capabilities and data. Checkpoints at tunable intervals provide system-wide backup, fail-over support, and system restart times typically less than 30 seconds. In addition, a journaling mechanism provides support for high-performance transaction processing. On restart, all processes are restored to their exact state at the time of checkpoint, including registers and virtual memory. This paper describes the KeyKOS architecture, and the binary compatible UNIX implementation that it supports.
Adaptive Flow Assignment and Packet Scheduling for Delay-Constrained Traffic Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2015)

Flow assignment and packet scheduling are two processes of deploying limited wireless resources to support high-data-rate transmissions. Optimizing these processes is critical in improving the traffic performance and network utilization. In this paper, we investigate the flow assignment and packet scheduling for multihomed communication of delay-constrained traffic over heterogeneous wireless networks. With regard to the inherent channel diversity and unreliability, large end-to-end delay and burst packet losses pose crucial challenges to guarantee goodput performance of real-time traffic. To address these critical issues, we present an Adaptive Flow Assignment and Packet Scheduling (AFAPS) framework. First, we introduce a “horizontal water filling” algorithm, which effectively integrates the channel resources in heterogeneous wireless networks to maximize the aggregate goodput. Second, we propose an alternative path interleaving scheme, which spreads out the packets' departures over multiple communication paths within the delay constraint to mitigate burst losses. The performance of the proposed AFAPS framework is evaluated through semi-physical emulations in EXata involving real Internet traffic traces. Experimental results show that AFAPS outperforms existing multipath data distribution models, in terms of goodput and end-to-end delay.
META. 1. A Program for the Evaluation of Metabolic Transformation of Chemicals (1994)

A new metabolism program, META, is introduced. In this paper, the basic principles on which the program operates are described. META is an expert system, capable of predicting the sites of potential enzymatic attack and the nature of the chemicals formed by such metabolic transformations. It operates from dictionaries of transformation operators, created by experts to represent known metabolic paths.
Las Fuerzas Armadas ante los retos del siglo XXI (1998)

Las razones, fundamentalmente, han sido dos: La primera, y mas importante, se debe al ingreso de Espana en las organizaciones internacionales de ambito global y regional en materias de seguridad, defensa y economia. Sin lugar a dudas, el ingreso en la Organizacion del Tratado del Atlantico Norte (OTAN) y la posterior integracion en la Comunidad Economica Europea (CEE), actualmente Union Europea, y en la Union Europea Occidental (UEO) han supuestos los hitos mas importantes en asuntos exteriores de nuestra historia reciente y han significado pasar de una politica individual y separada de la de los paises de nuestro entorno a una integradora y cooperadora. Esto se ha visto potenciado con la integracion en la nueva estructura militar de mandos de la Alianza, aprobada el pasado mes de diciembre. La segunda razon de esta revolucion en nuestra politica exterior ha sido que esa integracion en el mundo de nuestro entorno ha coincidido en el tiempo con el cambio mas imprevisible y conmocionante de los ultimos 50 anos en el orden mundial.
Function of <i>quaking</i> in myelination: Regulation of alternative splicing (2002)

Proteomic diversity is frequently achieved by alternative RNA-splicing events that can be fine-tuned in tissue-specific and developmentally regulated ways. Understanding this type of genetic regulation is compelling because of the extensive complexity of alternative splicing found in the nervous system. quaking (qk), one of the classical mouse dysmyelination mutants, is defective for the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and the misregulation of MAG pre-mRNA alternative splicing is implicated as a causal factor. The qk locus encodes several RNA-binding proteins with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-type homology, a characteristic of several known alternative splicing regulators. Here we test the nuclear-localized qk isoform (QKI-5) for its ability to regulate alternative splicing of MAG pre-mRNA in transient coexpression assays. QKI-5 exhibits properties of a negative regulator of MAG exon 12 alternative splicing. An intronic sequence element required for the repressive function and binding of QKI-5 is also identified. Direct evidence for irregularities in alternative splicing of MAG and other myelin protein transcripts in the qk mouse is demonstrated.
Multi-loop control for quasi-resonant converters (1991)

A multiloop control scheme for quasi-resonant converters (QRCs) is described. Like current-mode control for pulse width modulation (PWM) converters, this control offers excellent transient response and replaces the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a simple comparator. In this method, referred to as current-sense frequency modulation (CSFM), a signal proportional to the output-inductor current is compared with an error voltage signal to modulate the switching frequency. The control can be applied to either zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) or zero-current-switched (ZCS) QRCs. Computer simulation is method applied to a ZCS buck QRC. A circuit implementation is presented that allows multiloop control to be used on circuits switching up to 10 MHz. This circuit requires few components and produces clean control waveforms. Experimental results are presented for zero-current flyback and zero-voltage buck QRCs, operating at up to 7 MHz. Good small-signal characteristics have been obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
“Chemical Blowing” of Thin‐Walled Bubbles: High‐Throughput Fabrication of Large‐Area, Few‐Layered BN and C<i><sub>x</sub></i>‐BN Nanosheets (2011)

Mono- and few-atomic-layered BN and Cx-BN nanosheets are fabricated in high yield through the blowing B- and N-containing polymers into large, thin-walled bubbles by chemically released hydrogen gas followed by subsequent annealing. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A View of the Future of Molecular Electronics (1993)

Abstract The article describes some prevailing thoughts and an approach to the development of molecular circuit elements for molecular electronics. Three basic principles are proposed and exemplified by a particular example of a suitable molecule. The model relies upon the current state of the art in science and technology.
Low-temperature (≤150 °C) chemical vapor deposition of pure cobalt thin films (2013)

High purity soft-magnetic cobalt films were grown by cyclic thermal–chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process using dicobalt octacarbonyl as metal organic precursor, at an optimum substrate temperature of 125 °C. Physical, electrical, and magnetic properties of CVD grown Co films were compared with physical vapor deposition (PVD) grown Co films. Films were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, four-point resistivity probe, scanning electron microscopy, hysteresis loop tracer, vibrating sample magnetometry, and atomic force microscopy. The authors observed in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in the CVD-grown cobalt film with cyclic pulse-purge technique. Typical film properties obtained were low volume resistivity (&lt;20 μΩ cm), &gt;99.5% purity, 100% growth linearity as a function of number of cycles, good step coverage in a SiO2 trench, low coercivity (&lt;15 Oe), high saturation magnetization (∼1.5 T), and low root-mean-square surface roughness (7 Å). Compared to our PVD films, CVD Co films are magnetically softer, smoother, and less textured.
Expression of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) gag gene in vaccinia virus vector. (1995)

The selected part of gag gene (nucleotide sequences at position 618 to 1724) coding for P24 and P15 proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was expressed in vaccinia virus vector under control of 7.5 kDa vaccinia virus transtriptional signal (p 7.5 vaccinia virus early/late promoter). The vaccinia virus recombinant (denoted VV-G(1)) was generated by homologous recombination following CV-1 cells transfection with a newly prepared vaccinia virus insertion vector -- pWKr75.
Construction of positively-charged layered assemblies assisted by cyclodextrin complexation (2001)

A beta-cyclodextrin dimer is found to be effective in preparing a layer-by-layer architecture of positively charged ferrocene-appended poly(allylamine) presumably on the basis of strong beta-cyclodextrin-ferrocene host-guest interaction.
HeartWare Controller Logs A Diagnostic Tool and Clinical Management Aid for the HVAD Pump (2013)

Continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (VADs) are a viable therapy for the treatment of end-stage heart failure, offering support for bridge-to-transplantation and destination therapy. As support duration for VADs continues to rise, patient management and device maintenance will play an increasingly crucial role. The HeartWare Ventricular Assist System has currently been implanted in >4,000 patients worldwide. The HeartWare controller stores approximately 30 days of VAD data including pump rotational speed, power consumption, and estimated VAD flow. Routine assessment of controller log files can serve as a pump performance tool and clinical management aid, assisting the clinician to make accurate and timely diagnoses. Here, we discuss the controller's data collection system as well as present the process for evaluation and reporting of controller log files to clinicians.
Time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy of small tissue samples (2007)

Time-resolved transmittance spectroscopy was performed in the wavelength range of 610 or 700 to 1050 nm on phantom parallelepipeds and bone tissue cubes of different sizes. The data were best fitted with solutions of the diffusion equation for a laterally infinite slab and for a parallelepiped to investigate how size and optical properties of the samples affect the results obtained with the two models. Monte Carlo simulations were also performed to support and help with the interpretation of the experimental data. The parallelepiped model performs much better than the infinite slab model for the estimate of the reduced scattering coefficient and, even more, the absorption coefficient. It can profitably be used to quantify the optical properties of biological tissue samples and to derive information such as tissue composition, when small volumes are involved.