gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Special Articles: New Technical Trends of Base Materials for Printed Wiring Boards. High Density and High Multilayer Materials. (1993)

2.
Oblique Tibial Osteotomy for Blountʼs Disease (Tibia Vara) (1988)

Nine oblique proximal tibial osteotomies were performed on six children with genu varum, all but one of whom had Blount's disease. The osteotomy was a single-plane cut allowing simultaneous correction of varus and internal rotation and permitting postoperative cast wedging if necessary to improve position. All osteotomies healed within 10 weeks. The major complications were three episodes of weakness of the extensor hallucis longus, two of which resolved in 4 days and one of which resolved only partially. We were able to combine the osteotomy with other procedures, such as epiphyseal bar resection. All nine osteotomies achieved the desired correction of deformity.
Synthesis of Novel Polysiloxanes Containing Charge Transporting and Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Functionalities with Atom Economical Constructs (1998)

Novel, highly functionalized polysiloxanes were prepared in which each repeat unit bears, on average, one charge transporting and one to two second-order nonlinear optical chromophores. Covalent attachment of charge-transporting carbazole or diphenylamine derivatives was realized through efficient Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation. Poly(hydrogen methylsiloxane) was reacted with 9-(2-propenyl)carbazole or (N-phenyl-N-2-propenylamino)benzene, affording poly[methyl-3-(9-carbazolyl)propylsiloxane] and poly[methyl-3-(N,N-diphenylamino)propylsiloxane], respectively. Rather remarkable regiospecific bromination of the two arylamine-containing siloxane polymers was achieved using benzyltrimethylammonium chlorobromate, resulting in the formation of poly[methyl-3-(N−(3,6-dibromocarbazolyl))propylsiloxane] and poly[methyl-3-(N,N-bis(4-bromophenyl)amino)propylsiloxane]. Pd-catalyzed Heck-type coupling of the arylbromide-bearing polysiloxanes with either vinylbenzenephosphonic acid diethyl ester or 4-nitrostyrene afforded stilbene-containing polymers bearing phosphonate ester or nitro moieties as electron-withdrawing functionalities, respectively. These fully functionalized polymers were readily soluble in several common organic solvents.
Object or context: an ecologist's view of ecosystem management (1995)

There is a need to recognize a duality of object and context perspectives on ecosystems, and a need to synthesize the two in a way which clearly identifies the distinctions and links between them. This paper proposes a new terminology of spatially-fixed atoms, diffuse entities, and molecules to represent ecological entities; and it argues the need for identifying the processes linking them, Ecosystem management will require development of simple, mechanistic models of local ecosystem dynamics which incorporate basic successional dynamics, disturbance response, and management response. It will require development of statistical, predictive models of ecosystem distribution on the landscape. And it will require development of simple, spatial integration algorithms linked to a spatially explicit database in a GIS.
Use of a membrane-localized green fluorescent protein allows simultaneous identification of transfected cells and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry (1997)

The simultaneous detection of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and DNA content using propidium iodide (PI) by flow cytometry is made difficult because of the unique nature of these 2 fluorogenic reagents. For PI to enter cells efficiently and to stain DNA quantitatively, the cells must first be permeabilized; ethanol treatment is a routine method to achieve this. However, this permeabilization step causes GFP, which is normally found in the cytoplasm, to leach out of the cells. Although the use of paraformaldehyde-based fixatives allows GFP to be maintained in cells and retain its fluorescence even after ethanol permeabilization, the protocol we commonly employ results in inefficient PI staining and poor quality DNA histograms. To circumvent these difficulties, we have employed a GFP-fusion protein which localizes to the cellular membrane and as such is retained in cells upon ethanol permeabilization without prior fixation. This allows the GFP signal to be detected in cells treated with ethanol in preparation for PI staining and cell cycle analysis. This property facilitates the use of GFP as a marker for transfected cells in experiments designed to characterize the effects of ectopic expression of cellular or viral genes on cell cycle progression.
Improved skin segmentation for TV image enhancement, using color and texture features (2010)

Maintaining natural appearance for human face and skin areas is essential in TV image enhancement. High-end TV video processing chips include skin detectors for this purpose. This paper presents a technique for improved skin detection, using a trainable color feature and a multi-scale texture feature. Evaluation on a database of 173 manually annotated natural images shows that at a true positive rate of 90%, the proposed technique yields a false positive rate of 12%, as compared to 19% and 20% of two color-only skin detectors.
The Decision-Theoretic Video Advisor* (1998)

We describe ongoing work toward development of a decision-theoretic agent to help users choose videos based on their preferences. The DIVA (DecisionTheoretic Interactive Video Advisor) system elicits user preferences using a case-based technique. Hard constraints are used to permit the user to communicate temporary deviations from his basic preferences. If the user is not happy with the system&apos;s recommendations, he can provide feedback, which is used to modify the represented preferences and generate a new set of recommendations. We describe the fundamental algorithms, the implementation, and some results from some initial experimentation. Introduction We are interested in exploring the issues involved in providing users with preference-based access to information. Preference-based search is required, for example, when a user wishes to search an online catalog for a desired item or items but is unfamiliar with the domain or with the exact contents of the catalog. Take the example of s...
Compiling ONNX Neural Network Models Using MLIR (2020)

Deep neural network models are becoming increasingly popular and have been used in various tasks such as computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. Machine learning models are commonly trained in a resource-rich environment and then deployed in a distinct environment such as high availability machines or edge devices. To assist the portability of models, the open-source community has proposed the Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) standard. In this paper, we present a high-level, preliminary report on our onnx-mlir compiler, which generates code for the inference of deep neural network models described in the ONNX format. Onnx-mlir is an open-source compiler implemented using the Multi-Level Intermediate Representation (MLIR) infrastructure recently integrated in the LLVM project. Onnx-mlir relies on the MLIR concept of dialects to implement its functionality. We propose here two new dialects: (1) an ONNX specific dialect that encodes the ONNX standard semantics, and (2) a loop-based dialect to provide for a common lowering point for all ONNX dialect operations. Each intermediate representation facilitates its own characteristic set of graph-level and loop-based optimizations respectively. We illustrate our approach by following several models through the proposed representations and we include some early optimization work and performance results.
Enhancement of the Cementitious Properties of Steelmaking Slag (1997)

The overall objective of this work was to determine whether steel slag might be processed into a sufficiently cementitious material to allow it to be recycled as an additive to ordinary Portland cement clinker. Steel slag has limited cementitious properties due to both a lack of tricalcium silicate and the presence of wustite solid solutions as a predominant mineral phase. This work explores the effects of Fe oxidation state, overall composition, and cooling rate on the mineral structure, crystalline formation, and glass forming ability of several synthetic slags and one commercial BOF slag. XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses were performed on both slow cooled and quenched slags which had been oxidized. The granulated slag product was blended with Portland cement in varying ratios and hydrated to form cylindrical compression specimens. By controlling certain slag processing conditions, specifically the oxidation of bivalent xiron and the quenching rate of the molten slag, the cementitious nature of the material is enhanced. This allows the material to be blended with Portland cement (at additions of up to 20% by weight), without affecting the strength and performance of the material. © 1998 Published on behalf of Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Résumé L'objectif général de ce travail consistait à déterminer si on pouvait transformer le laitier de l'acier en un matériau ayant des propriétés ad é quates permettant de le recycler comme additif de clinker de ciment Portland ordinaire. Le laitier ctacier a des propriétés limité es comme ciment dll à la fois au manque de silicate tricalcique et à la présence de solutions solides de wustite dans la phse minerale pr é dominante. Ce travail explore les effets de l'état d'oxydation du Fe, de la composition générale et du taux de refroidissement su la structure minerale, sur la formation de cristaux et sur la capacité de formation de verre de plusieurs laitiers synthétiques et d'un laitier de fournaise basique a oxyg è ne. On a effectu é des analyses XRD, SEM et EDX, tant de laitiers refroidis lentement que de laitiers trempes, qui auparavant avaient ete oxydes. On a melange le produit de laitier granule avec du ciment Portland en diverses proportions et on l'a hydrate pour former des echantillons de compression cylindriques. En controlant certaines conditions de traitement du laitier, plus specifiquement l'oxydation du fer bivalent et le taux de trempe du laitier fondu, les propi étés-ciments de ce materiau sont ainsi ameliorées. Ceci permet de melanger le matériau avec du ciment Portland (additions jusqu' à 20% en poids), sans affecter la résistance ni la performance du matériau. © 1998 Published on behalf of Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
End-to-End Mobility Support in IPv6 Using Peer-to-Peer Technologies (2004)

Despite voluminous mobility solutions that have been proposed in the past, none of them have been widely deployed today. To address the deployment difficulty in previous work, we propose an end-system based mobility management scheme in IPv6 (EMIPv6) for Internet hosts. In our design, we leverage distributed hash table-based peer-topeer systems to carry out scalable, robust and self-organizing name lookup for mobile hosts. And we adhere to the end-toend principle [1] by performing connection maintenance and data packet delivery between the two communicating hosts directly. This leads to small handoff latency and efficient packet delivery. When the mobility messages such as location updates cannot be delivered directly between the end hosts (e.g., due to firewalls, NATs, or simultaneous movement), we use the previously introduced peer-to-peer overlay to deliver them. We also ensure application transparency with the technique of node-pair binding cache. Our simulations results showed that our scheme achieves small name resolution latency by considering host heterogeneity into the design. We have implemented EMIPv6-based end systems. The experiments with our testbed demonstrated that a complete end-system based mobility solution is technically feasible and should be easy to deploy in the real world without the need of introducing new network components.
Ethical Issues in Growth Hormone Therapy (1989)

Pediatricians face clinical and ethical dilemmas about therapy to augment growth in short children who do not meet classic criteria for growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Biologic norms of health are unhelpful because of the uncertain relationship between stature, GH secretion, health, and disease. Instead, we suggest that GH therapy be evaluated from the perspective of cultural norms. We compare GH therapy for short normal children with currently accepted therapies for non--life-threatening pediatric conditions such as well-child care, cosmetic therapy, treatment of psychological problems, and invasive outpatient therapy for chronic conditions. Based on this analysis, we argue that the burdens of therapy, the uncertainty about long-term risks and benefits, the unclear therapeutic end point, and the implications for child health policy place routine GH therapy for children without documented deficiency of GH secretion outside current pediatric ethical norms. Such therapy is properly administered within a comprehensive clinical research protocol.
Arsenic and Fluoride Removal Using Simple Materials (2009)

Since many at risk to arsenic and fluoride contamination cannot afford or do not have access to modern, centralized water treatment facilities, simple and low-cost solutions must be found. Bone char, goethite coated sand (G-IOCS) and hematite coated sand (H-IOCS) were evaluated for treating water with elevated levels of arsenic and fluoride present individually or together. Results obtained were compared to conventional media used in developed countries; activated alumina and granular ferric oxide. Fluoride adsorption capacity was higher in bone char than in G-IOCS and H-IOCS. Fluoride removal was not affected by the presence of environmentally significant arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) concentrations. On a mass basis, bone char's fluoride adsorption capacity was comparable to that of activated alumina both in the presence and absence of 0.25 mg/L of arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) in solution. Bone char also showed higher capacity to remove arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) from solution than both G-IOCS and H-IOCS, likely due to its much higher surface area. The 10 mg/L of fluoride did compete with arsenic (V) for adsorption onto the bone char. Both G-IOCS and H-IOCS removed arsenic (III) from solution even in the presence of fluoride; however, G-IOCS had higher arsenic (III) adsorption capacity than H-IOCS, possibly as a result of higher surface area of goethite coated onto the sand. On a mass basis, the bone char and iron oxide coated sands were two to three orders of magnitude less efficient in removing arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) than a commercially produced granular ferric oxide.
The sarin-like organophosphorus agent bis(isopropyl methyl)phosphonate induces ER stress in human astrocytoma cells (2016)

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds such as sarin are toxic agents that irreversibly inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. A recent study showed that OP compounds also have multiple toxicity mechanisms, and another suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction contributes to OP toxicity. However, the signaling pathway and mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We examined whether the sarin-like OP agent bis(isopropyl methyl)phosphonate (BIMP), which exhibits toxicity similar to that of sarin, induced ER stress in human astrocytoma CCF-STTG1 cells. Our results demonstrate that BIMP exposure reduced cell viability. Moreover, it induced changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased cleavage of caspase 3. Treatment with BIMP increased the mRNA levels of the ER stress marker genes binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, BIMP increased the protein expressions and phosphorylation of BiP, CHOP, and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase and the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2. Compared to BIMP treatment alone, pretreatment with the CHOP siRNA, siCHOP, decreased BIMP-dependent CHOP expression and improved CCF-STTG1 cell viability. Our findings suggest that BIMP induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death event mediated by ER stress in CCF-STTG1 cells and that treatment targeted at managing ER stress has the potential to attenuate the toxicity of OP nerve agents.
New Low-Pass Filter Design Using Compensated Microstrip Capacitor and Coupled Meander Defected Ground Structure (DGS) (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new compact DGS lowpass filter with broad stop-band and low insertion loss in the pass-band. The philosophy of the structure behind this new microstrip low-pass filter is simple as it is composed of a pair of meander DGS-slots and open-stubs. The direct electromagnetic coupling and slow-wave effect have been employed to design the proposed filter using DGS and multilayer method. The optimized low-pass filter has shown higher compactness, broad stop-band and sharp transition characteristics. The design equations are derived using a lumped-element equivalent circuit model of a parallel L-C resonator. In order to validate the feasibility of the proposed design, a low-pass filter with 0.1-dB ripple is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results have shown a good agreement with the simulation and analytical results.
Genetic Control of Immune Response to Recombinant Antigens Carried by an Attenuated<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>Vaccine Strain:<i>Nramp1</i>Influences T-Helper Subset Responses and Protection against Leishmanial Challenge (1998)

Attenuated strains of Salmonella typhimurium have been widely used as vehicles for delivery and expression of vaccine antigens in murine models of infectious disease. In mice, early bacterial replication following infection with S. typhimurium is controlled by the gene (Nramp1, formerly Ity/Lsh/Bcg) encoding the natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp1). Nramp1 regulates macrophage activation and has multiple pleiotropic effects, including regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, all of which influence antigen processing and presentation. Nramp1 also has a direct effect on antigen processing, possibly by regulating the activity of proteases in the late endosomal compartment. Hence, there are multiple ways (regulation of bacterial load or recombinant antigen dose, class II molecule expression, costimulatory or adjuvant activity, and antigen processing) that Nramp1 might influence responses to recombinant salmonella vaccines. To test the hypothesis that Nramp1 influences responses to vaccination, congenic mouse strains have been used to analyze immune responses to recombinant antigens (tetanus toxoid antigen and leishmanial gp63) carried by live attenuated S. typhimurium aroA aroD mutants. Results show that congenic mice carrying the wild-type (S. typhimurium resistance) Nramp1 allele mount a predominantly T-helper-1 (IL-2 and gamma interferon) response to vaccination and show enhanced resolution of lesions following challenge infection with Leishmania major. In contrast, mice carrying mutant (S. typhimurium susceptibility) Nramp1 mount a T-helper-2 (immunoglobulin E and IL-4) response and show exacerbated lesion growth upon challenge.
Comparison of radial immunodiffusion and laser nephelometry for quantitating some serum proteins. (1980)

Abstract After quantitating immunoglobulins G, A, and M and complement C3c and C4 in serum by using a laser nephelometer coupled with a data processor, I compared these results with values obtained by an early-readout radial immunodiffusion method. Day-to-day precision was better for nephelometry than for radial immunodiffusion for all proteins analyzed. The average coefficient of variation was 6.0% for nephelometry and 9.9% for radial immunodiffusion. Comparison of these methods gave ranked correlation coefficients of 0.945, 0.981, 0.932, 0.803, and 0.792 for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3c, and C4, respectively. Nephelometry gave significantly higher values than radial immunodiffusion for IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3c, and significantly lower values for C4 (p less than 0.001). Part of this bias was found to be due to the equation programmed in the data processor for calculating the standard curves. Within 95% limits, nephelometry gave higher normal ranges than radial immunodiffusion for IgG, IgA, and IgM. Other possible factors that can produce this bias are discussed.
Correlative Single-Molecule FRET and DNA-PAINT Imaging (2018)

DNA-PAINT is an optical super-resolution microscopy method that can visualize nanoscale protein arrangements and provide spectrally unlimited multiplexing capabilities. However, current multiplexing implementations based on, for example, DNA exchange (such as Exchange-PAINT) achieves multitarget detection by sequential imaging, limiting throughput. Here, we combine DNA-PAINT with single-molecule FRET and use the FRET efficiency as parameter for multiplexed imaging with high specificity. We demonstrate correlated single-molecule FRET and super-resolution on DNA origami structures, which are equipped with binding sequences that are targeted by pairs of dye-labeled oligonucleotides generating the FRET signal. We futher extract FRET values from single binding sites that are spaced just ∼55 nm apart, demonstrating super-resolution FRET imaging. This combination of FRET and DNA-PAINT allows for multiplexed super-resolution imaging with low background and opens the door for accurate distance readout in the 1-10 nm range.
Preoperative chemotherapy in locally advanced and nonresectable gastric cancer: a phase II study with etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. (1989)

Thirty-four patients with locally advanced, nonresectable gastric cancer (staged by laparotomy) received etoposide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and cisplatin (EAP). Thirty-three patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Second-look surgery with removal of residual tumor by gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy was performed in case of complete/partial remission (CR/PR) after EAP. After successful resection (R0- and R1-resection), two cycles of EAP were administered for consolidation therapy. Patients refusing reoperation received up to six cycles of EAP. The response rate (CR/PR) after EAP was 70% (23/33), including a 21% (7/33) rate of clinical CRs (CCRs). Two patients had minor remission (MR)/no change and seven had progressive disease. There was one early death. Nineteen of 23 responders (5 CCRs, 14 clinical PRs [CPRs]) and one patient with MR underwent second-look surgery. Five CCRs were pathologically confirmed; 10 patients with CPR were without evidence of disease (NED) after resection. In three patients (CPR), R1-resections (microscopically tumor-cell positive proximal margin) were performed; two patients are disease-free, 22+ and 33+ months after consolidation chemotherapy. In two patients, the tumor was again considered nonresectable. Twenty patients were disease-free after EAP +/- surgery +/- consolidation chemotherapy. Toxicity was primarily hematologic. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia of World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 occurred in 30% and 9%, respectively and grade 4 in 18% and 9% of the patients, respectively. There was no increased peri- or postoperative morbidity. After a median follow-up of 20 months for disease-free patients, the relapse rate is 60% (12/20). The median survival time for all patients is 18 months and for disease-free patients 24 months. EAP is highly effective in locally advanced gastric cancer, and offers a chance for surgery with curative intention in patients with an otherwise fatal prognosis.