gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for Limited 55°C Storage Performance of Li1.05Mn1.95 O 4 Electrodes (1999)

A survey of the chemical stability of high-surface area LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} in various Li-based electrolytes was performed as a function of temperature. The evidence for an acidic-induced Mn dissolution was confirmed, but more importantly the authors identified, by means of combined infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements, the growth, upon storage of LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} in the electrolyte at 100 C, of a protonated {lambda}-MnO{sub 2} phase partially inactive with respect to lithium intercalation. This results sheds light on how the mechanism of high temperature irreversible capacity loss proceeds. Mn dissolution first occurs, leading to a deficient spinel having all the Mn in the +4 oxidation state. Once this composition is reached, Mn cannot be oxidized further, and a protonic ion-exchange reaction takes place at the expense of the delithiation reaction. The resulting protonated {lambda}-Mn{sub 2{minus}y}O{sub 4} phase has a reduced capacity with respect to lithium, thereby accounting for some of the irreversible capacity loss experienced at 55 C for such a material.
Uniformization of the transverse beam profile by means of nonlinear focusing method (2007)

It has been known that uniformization of a beam with a Gaussian profile is possible utilizing odd-order nonlinear focusing in the beam transport system, and this has recently been employed for uniform beam irradiation. Here, we have theoretically studied uniformization of the transverse beam profile using nonlinear-focusing forces produced by multipole magnets in detail. In the case where the nonlinear field of the multipole magnet is given by an infinite power series, all the odd-order multipole strengths required for uniformization of a Gaussian beam and the extent of the resultant uniform region have been expressed using the Twiss parameters. We have shown the principle of uniformization using even-order nonlinear fields. We have also actually demonstrated the transformation of a beam with an asymmetric distribution into one with a uniform distribution by utilizing nonlinear focusing, especially with the sextupole and octupole fields. The validity of the formulas presented here was confirmed through particle-tracking simulations. A practical method to realize a uniform profile using beam collimation and octupole focusing is also presented.
Functional analysis of the lysyl oxidase promoter in myofibroblast‐like clones of 3T6 fibroblast (1997)

Lysyl oxidase (LO), an extracellular enzyme catalysing the first step of collagen and elastin cross-linking, is transiently expressed by myofibroblasts during fibrosis. A cell model with features of myofibroblast was thus established for studying the regulation of LO. Two clones of the 3T6 fibroblast cell line were selected because 1) they produced a relatively high steady-state level of the three lysyl oxidase mRNAs with the same relative ratio similar to fibrotic tissue and 2) they stably displayed certain features of myofibroblast (α-smooth muscle actin cytoskeleton, bundles of cytoskeletal filaments beneath the cytoplasmic membranes). These clones synthesized predominantly type I collagen fibers and a small amount of type III collagen. Neither type IV collagen nor elastin were observed. The cloning and sequencing of 2,073 bp of the mouse Balb/C LO promoter was performed, allowing the identification around the initiation of transcription of consensus sequences which are found on the COL1 promoters. A series of deletion constructs containing the LO 5′-flanking region ligated to the luciferase gene were transiently transfected into 3T6-5 fibroblasts. The region allowing the maximal activity was found between positions −416 to −192, while the more upstream region negatively regulated the promoter. The −898 to −865 sequence (called LOcol1) displayed 79% of homology with a conserved sequence of murine, rat, and human COL1A1 promoters. This sequence participated to the binding of several nuclear factors within a region (−970 to −784) allowing 50% of inhibition of the LO promoter. Therefore, the level of LO transcription is regulated in 3T6-5 fibroblast by positive and negative cis-acting regulatory elements which might have common features with the COL1A1 promoter. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:328–341.
A floating track method for complete routing (1986)

Abstract A “floating track” method is proposed for VLSI routing, which ensures a 100 percent connection ratio. This method automatically provides a connection path on the cells by using a line‐search algorithm and solves the problem of unconnected pin pairs by adding extra wiring tracks. Prevention rules and correction procedures are provided for the wiring shorts and disconnections caused by the track addition. Based on the distribution of the track addition requirement calculated from the location and status of the search line, a fast algorithm is developed for determining the location of the additional tracks. With this algorithm a number of unconnected pin pairs can be connected quickly without a penalty in chip size. The layout result of a 20‐Kgate 4‐layered VLSI confirms the usefulness of this method for designing high‐density multilayered VLSIs.
Proteins associated with purified human cytomegalovirus particles (1996)

Virion-associated proteins isolated from purified human cytomegalovirus particles (strain AD169) were used as substrates for chemical sequence analysis. Extracellular virions, noninfectious enveloped particles, and dense bodies were purified by negative viscosity-positive density gradient centrifugation, and their component proteins were separated by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The deduced amino acid sequence of individual protein bands was used to identify six corresponding viral genes whose products have not previously been identified as virion constituents: UL47, UL25, UL88, UL85, UL26, and UL48.5. In addition, a 45-kDa cellular protein was identified, and the protein fragments sequenced have a high degree of amino acid identity with actin. However, antiactin monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies did not react with a specific protein in the virus preparations, suggesting that this 45-kDa protein is an immunologically distinct isoform of actin. The newly identified viral and cellular proteins were resistant to protease treatment of purified virions, suggesting that they are unlikely to be contaminants of the viral preparations.
CRISPR-Cas9 induces large structural variants at on-target and off-target sites in vivo that segregate across generations (2022)

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has potential to cure diseases without current treatments, but therapies must be safe. Here we show that CRISPR-Cas9 editing can introduce unintended mutations in vivo, which are passed on to the next generation. By editing fertilized zebrafish eggs using four guide RNAs selected for off-target activity in vitro, followed by long-read sequencing of DNA from >1100 larvae, juvenile and adult fish across two generations, we find that structural variants (SVs), i.e., insertions and deletions ≥50 bp, represent 6% of editing outcomes in founder larvae. These SVs occur both at on-target and off-target sites. Our results also illustrate that adult founder zebrafish are mosaic in their germ cells, and that 26% of their offspring carries an off-target mutation and 9% an SV. Hence, pre-testing for off-target activity and SVs using patient material is advisable in clinical applications, to reduce the risk of unanticipated effects with potentially large implications.
Design and Comparison of AFS Controllers with PID, Fuzzy-Logic, and Sliding-Mode Controllers (2013)

Three active front-steering (AFS) controllers were developed to enhance the lateral stability of a vehicle. They were designed using proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fuzzy-logic, and sliding-mode control methods. The controllers were compared under several driving and road conditions with and without the application of braking force. A 14-degree-of-freedom vehicle model, a sliding-mode antilock brake system (ABS) controller, and a driver model were also employed to test the controllers. The results show that the three AFS controllers allowed the yaw rate to follow the reference yaw rate very well, and consequently the lateral stability improved. On a split-μ road, the controllers forced the vehicle to proceed straight ahead. The results also verify that the driver model can sufficiently control the vehicle to allow it to follow a desired path.
Magnetic field sensors using GMR multilayer (1994)

Wheatstone bridge magnetic field sensors using giant magnetoresistive ratio (GMR) multilayers were designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The GMR ranged from 10% to 20% with saturation fields of 60 Oe to 300 Oe. The multilater resistances decreased linearly with magnetic field and showed little hysteresis. In one sensor configuration, a permanent magnet bias was placed between two pairs of magnetoresistors, each pair representing opposite legs of the bridge. This sensor gave a bipolar bridge output whose output range was approximately GMR times the bridge source voltage. The second sensor configuration used shielding on one resistor pair, and it gave a bridge output dependent on the magnetic field magnitude, but not polarity, and the output range was approximately one half GMR tines the bridge source voltage. Field amplifications of 3 to 6 were accomplished by creating a gap in a low reluctance magnetic path, thus providing the full range of outputs with 1/3 to 1/6 of the intrinsic saturation fields of the GMR multilayers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prediction of respiratory tumour motion for real-time image-guided radiotherapy (2004)

Image guidance in radiotherapy and extracranial radiosurgery offers the potential for precise radiation dose delivery to a moving tumour. Recent work has demonstrated how to locate and track the position of a tumour in real-time using diagnostic x-ray imaging to find implanted radio-opaque markers. However, the delivery of a treatment plan through gating or beam tracking requires adequate consideration of treatment system latencies, including image acquisition, image processing, communication delays, control system processing, inductance within the motor, mechanical damping, etc. Furthermore, the imaging dose given over long radiosurgery procedures or multiple radiotherapy fractions may not be insignificant, which means that we must reduce the sampling rate of the imaging system. This study evaluates various predictive models for reducing tumour localization errors when a real-time tumour-tracking system targets a moving tumour at a slow imaging rate and with large system latencies. We consider 14 lung tumour cases where the peak-to-peak motion is greater than 8 mm, and compare the localization error using linear prediction, neural network prediction and Kalman filtering, against a system which uses no prediction. To evaluate prediction accuracy for use in beam tracking, we compute the root mean squared error between predicted and actual 3D motion. We found that by using prediction, root mean squared error is improved for all latencies and all imaging rates evaluated. To evaluate prediction accuracy for use in gated treatment, we present a new metric that compares a gating control signal based on predicted motion against the best possible gating control signal. We found that using prediction improves gated treatment accuracy for systems that have latencies of 200 ms or greater, and for systems that have imaging rates of 10 Hz or slower.
Interconnection Networks (2001)

Chapter 2 provides definitions and basic concepts of interconnection networks built as multistage arrangements of basic building blocks, called crossbar networks. The topics covered are: taxonomy of non-blocking networks equivalences and isomorphism between networks full-connection and partial-connection multistage networks banyan networks merging and sorting networks Batcher and Stone networks.
Design and implementation of a fuzzy logic computer-controlled sun tracking system (2003)

This paper considers design and implementation of a computer-controlled sun tracking system to enhance the power output of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. The tracking system is driven by two permanent magnet DC motors to provide motion of the PV panels in two axes. The control of the dual axis tracking system is not an easy task due to nonlinear dynamics and unavailability of the model parameters. Therefore, a PC-based fuzzy logic control algorithm utilizing the knowledge of the system behavior is designed in order to achieve the control objectives. The implementation of such a controller is realized by building an interfacing card consisting of sensor data acquisition, motor driving circuits, signal conditioning circuits and serial communication with the PC. A set of laboratory demonstrations shows the capability of the system to track the sun effectively.
Comparative genomic hybridization in the investigation of myeloid leukemias (1995)

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used for the examination of ten cases of myeloid leukemia (eight acute myeloid leukemias and two myelodysplastic syndromes). In five cases, genomic gains or losses were identified, which mapped to chromosomal regions known to be involved in this group of malignancies. In comparison to the results obtained by banding analysis, discrepancies were found in three of the ten cases; in two cases, chromosomal imbalances were not identified by CGH because they were present only in small subclones. In the other case, there were no evaluable metaphase cells for banding analysis; CGH revealed an overrepresentation of chromosome 8, which was confirmed by interphase cytogenetics with a chromosome 8-specific alphoid probe. All abnormalities revealed by CGH were confirmed by G-banding or subsequent interphase cytogenetic analysis, which demonstrates the high specificity of the method. Furthermore, in all cases, CGH identified the chromosomal imbalances present in the major clone as detected by banding analysis. The good correlation between CGH and chromosome banding results in myeloid leukemias makes this tumor a good model for the assessment of tools that are developed for automated and quantitative CGH analysis.
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12: Mutants Derepressed for 3-Deoxy- <scp>d</scp> -Arabinoheptulosonic Acid 7-Phosphate Synthetase (phe), 3-Deoxy- <scp>d</scp> -Arabinoheptulosonic Acid 7-Phosphate Synthetase (tyr), Chorismate Mutase T-Prephenate Dehydrogenase, and Transaminase A (1971)

Mutant strains of Escherichia coli have been isolated in which the synthesis of 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonic acid 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthetase (phe) is derepressed, in addition to those enzymes of tyrosine biosynthesis previously shown to be controlled by the gene tyrR. The major enzyme of the terminal pathway of phenylalanine biosynthesis chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase is not derepressed in these strains. Genetic analysis of the mutants shows that the mutation or mutations causing derepression map close to previously reported tyrR mutations. A study of one of the mutations has shown it to be recessive to the wild-type allele in a diploid strain. It is proposed that the tyrR gene product is involved in the regulation of the synthesis of DAHP synthetase (phe) as well as the synthesis of DAHP synthetase (tyr), chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase, and transaminase A.
In situ SiN passivation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by molecular beam epitaxy (2007)

To improve the passivation process of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, a unique passivation process has been developed in which an SiN passivation layer is deposited by MBE immediately following epitaxial growth of the HEMT structure. The effectiveness of this in situ passivation process is evaluated by comparing devices fabricated with this process to the conventional PECVD passivation process in which the SiN is deposited after gate metallisation. The improved material quality and the protection offered by the MBE-grown SiN may contribute to the significantly reduced dispersion and improved power performance measured for the wafer fabricated with the in situ passivation process.
The Road to SDN (2013)

Designing and managing networks has become more innovative over the past few years with the aid of SDN (software-defined networking). This technology seems to have appeared suddenly, but it is actually part of a long history of trying to make computer networks more programmable.
High efficiency powering system for wireless sensor for AC monitoring in smart grid applications (2014)

A low maintenance and efficient powering system is being developed for applications in residential wireless AC line metering. A split core current transformer is used as the energy harvester. The collected energy is used to provide constant voltage output. The excess of the energy is stored in a backup battery or super capacitor hybrid. The smart charging approach is utilized to optimize charging/discharging rate in order to optimally utilize available power and maintain constant output voltage. The powering system is intended to operate with the power line average current 10..100 A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> and provide constant output voltage 3.3V and current up to 100 mA. The system is intended for use with wireless sensors in AC power monitoring applications. Current transformer coupling with the power line facilitates simple `snap-on' installation of the sensors without interruption of power to customers.
Transformation of Zernike coefficients: scaled, translated, and rotated wavefronts with circular and elliptical pupils (2007)

Zernike polynomials and their associated coefficients are commonly used to quantify the wavefront aberrations of the eye. When the aberrations of different eyes, pupil sizes, or corrections are compared or averaged, it is important that the Zernike coefficients have been calculated for the correct size, position, orientation, and shape of the pupil. We present the first complete theory to transform Zernike coefficients analytically with regard to concentric scaling, translation of pupil center, and rotation. The transformations are described both for circular and elliptical pupils. The algorithm has been implemented in MATLAB, for which the code is given in an appendix.
Accessing Multi-Modal Information on Cell Phones While Sitting and Driving (2002)

Multimodal interfaces have been identified as a possible solution for reducing the visual and motor demands of small devices such as cell phones. In a within-subjects factorial experiment, we explored where audio is useful in a cell phone interface that supports database applications. Participants sat at a desk and drove in a car simulator while choosing a hotel from a descriptive long list. We compared participants' performance with and without the option to listen to the information while it was presented in text. Participants rarely preferred or used the audio option while seated. A substantial number preferred and used the audio option while driving, especially when the hotel choice task was more difficult. Those who chose the audio option looked less at the phone, but increased their task time and did not improve their driving performance. We discuss implications of reading and listening for safety and design.
On the dimension of subfield subcodes (1990)

A new lower bound for the dimension of a subfield subcode is given. This bound improves the well-known lower bound of P. Delsarte (1975) and coincides in many cases with the true dimension of the code. Alternant codes and geometric Goppa codes are discussed as special cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The cyanobacterium <i>Anabaena</i> sp. PCC 7120 has two distinct β‐carotene ketolases: CrtO for echinenone and CrtW for ketomyxol synthesis (2005)

Two beta-carotene ketolases, CrtW and CrtO, are widely distributed in bacteria, although they show no significant sequence homology with each other. The cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was found to have two homologous genes. In the crtW deleted mutant, myxol 2'-fucoside was present, but ketomyxol 2'-fucoside was absent. In the crtO deleted mutant, beta-carotene was accumulated, and the amount of echinenone was decreased. Therefore, CrtW catalyzed myxol 2'-fucoside to ketomyxol 2'-fucoside, and CrtO catalyzed beta-carotene to echinenone. This cyanobacterium was the first species found to have both enzymes, which functioned in two distinct biosynthetic pathways.
Biosynthesis of capreomycin. 2. Incorporation of L-serine, L-alanine, and L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of capreomycin. 2. Incorporation of L-serine, L-alanine, and L-2,3-diaminopropionic acidMu Wang and Steven J. GouldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 19, 5176–5180Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00071a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00071a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Embedding Pt Nanocrystals in N-Doped Porous Carbon/Carbon Nanotubes toward Highly Stable Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2015)

The development of highly stable and efficient catalysts for sluggish cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is extremely important for the long-term operation and the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) but still challenging. We present herein a facile strategy to efficiently embed Pt nanocrystals into N-doped porous carbon/carbon nanotubes (Pt@CNx/CNT). The N-doped porous carbon shells not only effectively prevented Pt nanocrystals from detachment, dissolution, migration, and aggregation during accelerated durability tests or heat-treatment at 900 °C, but also allowed the access of electrolyte to the Pt surface and preserved the good electron transfer of CNT by avoiding the structural damage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The interaction between the embedded Pt nanocrystals and the encapsulating CNx layer was found in Pt@CNx/CNT, which markedly affected the electronic structure of Pt nanocrystals and contributed to the improvement on the catalytic activity and stability of Pt@CNx/CNT. As a result, the Pt@CNx/CNT catalyst exhibited an excellent thermal stability, durability, and sufficient catalytic activity for ORR. The demonstrated strategy could be easily extended to produce a wide range of other electrocatalysts with even better activity and extraordinary stability.