gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical and metabolic requirements for early interaction of poliovirus and human rhinovirus with HeLa cells (1976)

Attachment, ""tight binding'' and eclipse of radioactive poliovirus 2 (P2) and human rhinovirus 2 (HRV 2) were investigated. The activation energy for attachment of both HRV2 and P2 was about 13 kcal/mol. HRV2 differed from P2 in two respects: the Arrhenius plot for attachment of HRV2 showed a break at 15 to 19 degrees C when the cells were first treated several hours at 0 degrees C, and attachment of HRV2 was inhibited by treatment of cells with metabolic poisons able to reduce cellular ATP by more than 90%. Tight binding was determined by isolation of a specific P2-membrane complex or by loss of EDTA dissociability of HRV2. Tight binding of both viruses was slowed by 0.01 M iodoacetamide but not by 0.02 M F-; F- plus 0.002 M CN- slowed tight binding of HRV2 but not of P2. Eclipse, the irreversible alteration of parental virions, was detected by isolation of cell-associated subviral particles or by loss of cell-associated infectious virus. Eclipse of both viruses is slowed by iodoacetamide or F-. It seems likely that the early steps of infection with picornaviruses may be sensitive to alterations in the cell membrane produced by metabolic inhibitors or by treatment at low temperature.
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Metal Alkoxides through Sot-Gel Technique (1990)

Hydroxyapatite was synthesized through the sol-gel technique using Ca(OC2H5)2 and P(OC2H5)3 as starting metal alkoxides. It has been found that the pH of the starting solution is one of the most important factors affecting the formation of hydroxyapatite, The sol-gel reaction rate, the reaction products and the crystalline phases precipitated in heated gels have depended mainly on the pH range of the solution, that is, whether the solution is alkaline (pH≥9), neutral (8≥pH≥6) or acidic (ph≤5). Only hydroxyapatite crystals are precipitated and no additional phases are found when gels derived from the solution of 6 to 8 in pH and more than 60% in water content are calcined above 600°C. The resultant hydroxyapatite crystals obtained have a plate-like structure of about 1000Å in size, resembling closely the hydroxyapatite found in living tissues.
Band-gap narrowing in heavily doped silicon: A comparison of optical and electrical data (1988)

The band-gap narrowing in heavily doped silicon has been studied by optical techniques—namely, photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy—and by electrical measurements on bipolar transistors. The optical experiments give a consistent set of data for the band-gap narrowing in n- and p-type material at low temperatures as well as at room temperature. A good agreement is found between the optical and electrical data removing the discrepancies existing so far in the literature.
Decolourization of the dye Poly B-411 and its correlation jwith lignin degradation by fungi. (1985)

Evaluation de la capacite de 8 Basidiomycetes a degrader un compose modele de la lignine marque par le C14
Gels and threads: mussel-inspired one-pot route to advanced responsive materials (2014)

An inexpensive one-pot route to self-healing hydrogels with pH-tunable modulus is presented. Hydrogels were formed by reacting tannic acid, trivalent metal ions and polyallylamine. Below pH 8 the hydrogels were supramolecular while above, covalent cross-linking strengthened the hydrogels. From concentrated mixtures, threads were spun, acting as water sensitive mechanical locks.
Ubiquitin-Calmodulin Conjugating Activity from Cardiac Muscle (1988)

Enzyme activity capable of covalently linking ubiquitin to bovine calmodulin in an ATP-dependent manner has been detected in rabbit cardiac muscle demonstrating that this enzyme occurs not only in reticulocytes but also in other tissues and possibly all tissues and cells which contain calmodulin as intracellular Ca2+-acceptor protein. This is of special interest since a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic activity could previously not be detected in cardiac muscle. The name ubiquityl-calmodulin synthetase [uCaM-synthetase, ubiquityl:calmodulin ligase (EC 6.3.?.?)] is therefore suggested for this enzyme. In crude cardiac muscle extracts uCaM-Synthetase displays a specific activity of 93 nUnits/mg in comparison to reticulocyte lysate with 270 nUnits/mg as measured by the fluphenazine-Sepharose affinity adsorbent test (FP-test). Analysis of the ubiquitination product (125I-uCaM) by polyacrylamide electrophoresis in the presence of SDS followed by autoradiography reveals a major double band with molecular masses of 27 and 29 kDa (mono-ubiquitination products) respectively. In addition two novel minor bands (17 and 20 kDa) of smaller molecular mass than the monoubiquitination products were detected. These are probably proteolytic breakdown products of uCaM. A model is suggested for a specific function of this synthetase in the Ca2+-dependent breakdown of calmodulin in vertebrate (eukaryotic) cells.
Comparison of electrical losses in an inverter-fed five-phase and three-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (2016)

This paper is to present a comparison of the electrical losses that occur in the five-phase and three-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PMa-SynRM). Minimizing the losses has been the best practice to get maximum efficiency from high performance motor drive systems. This paper investigated four types of electrical losses which are common in a motor drive. Comparative loss analysis are done for both machines that includes core losses, winding losses, switching losses and conduction losses. The efficiency have been calculated and compared for five-phase and three-phase machines. Extensive theoretical analysis has been done through the MATLAB Simulink and finite element analysis (FEA) to make the comparison. The experimental results are done for the five-phase system under maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) condition by utilizing 5hp dynamo system controlled with TI DSP (F28335) and five-phase inverter system.
Improved Kalman filtering algorithms for mobile tracking in NLOS scenarios (2012)

This paper presents an improved positioning approach for cellular-network based mobile tracking in severe non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation environments. The proposed approach consists of two stages: the smoothing stage to suppress the NLOS errors in the distance measurements; and the position tracking stage. An improved distance smoothing method is proposed to significantly reduce the NLOS errors. It applies online distance mean and variance estimates to identify LOS and NLOS propagations. The online LOS and NLOS identification results, the distance mean and variance estimates are employed to update the Kalman filter (KF) for smoothing distance measurements. A data fusion technique is developed to combine distance measurements, mobile velocity and heading angle estimates provided by motion sensors through the extended KF. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two-stage approach significantly improves position accuracy compared to the existing NLOS mitigation algorithms, at the cost of increased computational complexity.
The taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936: Part III. Suggestions on the definition of the genus Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936. (1968)

Aerobacter liquefaciens Beijerinck 1900 was originally proposed as the only species and type species of the genus Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936. The description of this species differs in some important properties from all species currently recognized as members of the genus Aeromonas. In accordance with the provisions of Rule 9c(3c) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, it is proposed that the generic name Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936 and the species name Aeromonas liquefaciens Beijerinck) Kluyver and van Niel 1936 be designated as nomina rejicienda and without standing in nomenclature, and that the generic name Aeromonas be conserved with the type species Aeromonas punctata (Zimmermann) Snieszko 1957. The definition of the genus Aeromonas is emended. The official request to the Judicial Commission will be published later.
A comparative study of continuous speech recognition using neural networks and hidden Markov models (1991)

The recognition performances of two front ends are compared for two continuous speech recognition tasks. First, a neural network model (NNM) front end was used, with frame labeling performed by a radial basis function network and segmentation by a Viterbi algorithm. The second front end was a discrete hidden Markov model (HMM), featuring explicit state duration probability distributions. Two experiments were performed. The first used a speaker-dependent database, with a lexicon of 571 words. Using a low-perplexity grammar, the NNM front end produced a word accuracy of 94% and a sentence accuracy of 86%. This was slightly inferior to the HMM front end, which produced word accuracies of 96% and sentence accuracies of 88%. Without a grammar, word accuracies of 58% (NNM) and 49% (HMM) were recorded. The second set of experiments used the MIT portion of the TIMIT database (415 speakers and 2072 sentences in total). Results were poor for both front ends, with the NNM producing marginally better results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cyclic Administration of Pamidronate in Children with Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta (1998)

In children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta, cyclic administration of intravenous pamidronate improved clinical outcomes, reduced bone resorption, and increased bone density.
Instability of Bovine Insulin in Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Microspheres. (1996)

Biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA; 50/50) microspheres containing bovine insulin as a model protein was prepared by an oil-in-oil (o/o) emulsion solvent evaporation process. When aluminum tristearate (0.15% (w/v)) was employed as a dispersing agent, the loading efficiency of insulin was almost 100% and the yield was over 80%. The average diameter of the PLGA microspheres always ranged between 100 and 200 microns. Morphology study using a scanning electron micrograph showed smooth, spherical, fairly monodispersed PLGA microspheres containing insulin. In relation to release profile, the very low release rate of insulin was demonstrated (only 1% of insulin released after 7 d release test in pH 7.4 Tris buffer) for the PLGA microspheres. Nevertheless, the degradation of bovine insulin in PLGA microspheres was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. This degradation seemed to be caused by an acidic condition caused by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymer.
Wide Optical-Gap a-Si:O:H Films Prepared from SiH<sub>4</sub>–CO<sub>2</sub> Gas Mixture (1986)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxygen alloy films (a-Si:O:H) with wide optical-gap have been prepared by rf glow discharge decomposition of CO 2 and SiH 4 gas mixture. The optical-gap increases monotonically from 1.76 eV to 2.43 eV with increasing molar fraction of CO 2 to SiH 4 in the gas phase. A high photoconductivity of 4.1×10 -9 (Ω·cm) -1 is obtained for the films with the optical-gap of 2.43 eV. Efficient doping is possible in these films and these properties suggest that the films are useful as window materials of photodetectors.
A Semiautomatic Analytical Recording Densitometer (1963)

A semiautomatic analytical recording densitometer has been developed that illuminates the sample by means of a unique optical system. The light from the sample is then separated into its blue, green and red components. Each component is evaluated with a modified Macbeth Quantalog Photometer whose outputs, read by counters, represent integral densities. These outputs are fed into a coordinate converter that computes the equivalent neutral densities and these densities are recorded by a three-character printing unit on an X-Y flatbed recorder. The complete characteristic curves are plotted with the aid of a motor that moves the sensitometric strip to the next step after each has been measured. The outfit consists largely of commercially available components. It can be greatly simplified when only integral densities are required.
Differential Expression of Equine Myosin Heavy-chain mRNA and Protein Isoforms in a Limb Muscle (2003)

The horse is one of the few animals kept and bred for its athletic performance and is therefore an interesting model for human sports performance. The regulation of the development of equine locomotion in the first year of life, and the influence of early training on later performance, are largely unknown. The major structural protein in skeletal muscle, myosin heavy-chain (MyHC), is believed to be primarily transcriptionally controlled. To investigate the expression of the MyHC genes at the transcriptional level, we isolated cDNAs encoding the equine MyHC isoforms type 1 (slow), type 2a (fast oxidative), and type 2d/x (fast glycolytic). cDNAs encoding the 2b gene were not identified. The mRNA expression was compared to the protein expression on a fiber-to-fiber basis using in situ hybridization (non-radioactive) and immunohistochemistry. Marked differences were detected between the expression of MyHC transcripts and MyHC protein isoforms in adult equine gluteus medius muscle. Mismatches were primarily due to the presence of hybrid fibers expressing two fast (2ad) MyHC protein isoforms, but only one fast (mainly 2a) MyHC RNA isoform. This discrepancy was most likely not due to differential mRNA expression of myonuclei.
Influence of parameter distribution on simultaneous switching noise (SSN) for CMOS output drivers (2002)

Modeling of Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) has previously been done considering single-point parameters. This paper deals with the effects of parameter distributions on SSN. Parameters investigated include threshold voltage, drive strength, signal arrival times, power supply and temperature.
Skeleton Programming for Heterogeneous GPU-based Systems (2011)

In this thesis, we address issues associated with programming modern heterogeneous systems while focusing on a special kind of heterogeneous systems that include multicore CPUs and one or more GPUs, called GPU-based systems.We consider the skeleton programming approach to achieve high level abstraction for efficient and portable programming of these GPU-based systemsand present our work on SkePU library which is a skeleton library for these systems. We extend the existing SkePU library with a two-dimensional (2D) data type and skeleton operations and implement several new applications using newly made skeletons. Furthermore, we consider the algorithmic choice present in SkePU and implement support to specify and automatically optimize the algorithmic choice for a skeleton call, on a given platform. To show how to achieve performance, we provide a case-study on optimized GPU-based skeleton implementation for 2D stencil computations and introduce two metrics to maximize resource utilization on a GPU. By devising a mechanism to automatically calculate these two metrics, performance can be retained while porting an application from one GPU architecture to another. Another contribution of this thesis is implementation of the runtime support for the SkePU skeleton library. This is achieved with the help of the StarPUruntime system. By this implementation,support for dynamic scheduling and load balancing for the SkePU skeleton programs is achieved. Furthermore, a capability to do hybrid executionby parallel execution on all available CPUs and GPUs in a system, even for a single skeleton invocation, is developed. SkePU initially supported only data-parallel skeletons. The first task-parallel skeleton (farm) in SkePU is implemented with support for performance-aware scheduling and hierarchical parallel execution by enabling all data parallel skeletons to be usable as tasks inside the farm construct. Experimental evaluations are carried out and presented for algorithmic selection, performance portability, dynamic scheduling and hybrid execution aspects of our work.
Synthesen kondensierter Triazine, II Über die Reaktion von N‐Dichlormethylen‐benzamid mit Amidinen. Synthesen von Oxo‐ <i>s</i> ‐triazinen (1971)

N-Dichlormethylen-benzamid (1) reagiert mit cyclischen und offenkettigen Amidinen zu den entsprechenden Oxo-s-triazinen. Durch unabhängige Synthese wird die Struktur des 4-Oxo-2-phenyl-4H-s-triazino[2.1-a]isochinolins (3) und des 4-Oxo-2-phenyl-4H-pyrido[1.2-a]-s-triazins (10) bewiesen. Syntheses of Condensed Triazines, II The Reaction of N-(Dichloromethylene)benzamide with Amidines. Syntheses of Oxo-s-triazines N-(Dichloromethylene)benzamide (1) reacts with cyclic and open chain amidines to give the corresponding oxo-s-triazines. A structure proof is given for 4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-s-triazino-[2.1-a]isoquinoline (3) and for 4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-pyrido[1.2-a]-s-triazine (10) by independent synthesis.
Aromatic Polymers: Single- and Double-Stranded Chains (1969)

Abstract The work directed toward the syntheses of thermally stable organic polymers which has been carried out in this laboratory over the past few years is reviewed. The syntheses of polyaromatic five-membered hetero-cycles obtained from the 1,3 dipolar addition reactions of disyndones and dinitrilimines, obtained from both hydrazide chloride and tetrazole precursors, show that the tetrazole monomer produces the highest-molecular-weight polypyrazole. All the polypyrazoles have good thermal stability. The 1,4 cyclo-addition reactions of bis-tstracyclones with diacetylenes afford high-molecular-weight phenylated polyphenylenes which are colorless, amorphous, and soluble in common organic solvents and have excellent thermal stability. Dipyrones are not as suitable double dienes as the bis-tetracyclones, since high-molecular-weight polyphenylenes are not obtained. The syntheses of high-molecular-weight linear poly-quinoxalines by the reaction of some bis-glyoxals with aromatic bis-o-diamines lead to thermally stable materials. By the condensation of suitable tetraketones connected by aromatic rings with the appropriate aromatic tetraamines, ladder polyquinoxalines with extremely good thermal stability can be obtained.
The relationship between auditory processing deficits and resistance to change in autism spectrum disorder: An EEG study. (2017)

According to the DSM-5 and previously conducted research, a connection between sensory processing (SP) deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors (RRBs) exists in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population. The current study aimed to build upon this idea. First, it was investigated if children with ASD displayed SP deficits on behavioral and neurophysiological level compared to typically developing controls (TDCs). Then, the possible association between SP deficits and resistance to change (i.e. RRBs and cognitive flexibility) was examined. Forty-one children with ASD and forty typically developing controls (TDC) participated in an auditory oddball paradigm with three deviant types, to assess auditory deviancy detection as reflected by mismatch negativity (MMN). Also, several cognitive flexibility tasks were administered to children with ASD. Their parents were requested to fill out questionnaires on daily SP and RRBs. Our results confirmed the previously reported, widespread existence of daily-life SP deficits in children with ASD. Also, a clear connection between daily-life SP deficits and RRBs was observed, supporting their coupling in the DSM-5. Regarding the electrophysiological level, we found a decreased amplitude for duration deviants in the ASD group. Further, we revealed some evidence for a link between decreased amplitudes and the display of sensory seeking behaviour. In conclusion, SP deficits are evident in our ASD sample, at least in daily life. Also, their coupling with RRBs seems valid, according to our results.
Optimization Of Passively Damped Composite Structures (1997)

Both in-plane and out-of-plane damping in fiber-reinforced composites have been increased from the undamped structures nominal 1% loss factor to more than 10% using structurally enhanced stress coupling to co-cured viscoelastic layers. Reductions in strength and stiffness can be minimized. A computer model allows dynamically stiff composite components to be optimized for stiffness, loss factor, damping frequency, and strength. A design with an axial loss factor of 1.49% was optimized for strength and stiffness with constraints on loss factor. The axial loss factor increased to 5.11% with strength increasing 400% and stiffness increasing 1000%. Initial experiments have shown that this modelling method predicted resonant frequencies within 3% and loss factors within 15%. Typical constrained layer damping would not have increased the in-plane axial loss factor to any significant degree.
Engineered Protein Nano-Compartments for Targeted Enzyme Localization (2012)

Compartmentalized co-localization of enzymes and their substrates represents an attractive approach for multi-enzymatic synthesis in engineered cells and biocatalysis. Sequestration of enzymes and substrates would greatly increase reaction efficiency while also protecting engineered host cells from potentially toxic reaction intermediates. Several bacteria form protein-based polyhedral microcompartments which sequester functionally related enzymes and regulate their access to substrates and other small metabolites. Such bacterial microcompartments may be engineered into protein-based nano-bioreactors, provided that they can be assembled in a non-native host cell, and that heterologous enzymes and substrates can be targeted into the engineered compartments. Here, we report that recombinant expression of Salmonella enterica ethanolamine utilization (eut) bacterial microcompartment shell proteins in E. coli results in the formation of polyhedral protein shells. Purified recombinant shells are morphologically similar to the native Eut microcompartments purified from S. enterica. Surprisingly, recombinant expression of only one of the shell proteins (EutS) is sufficient and necessary for creating properly delimited compartments. Co-expression with EutS also facilitates the encapsulation of EGFP fused with a putative Eut shell-targeting signal sequence. We also demonstrate the functional localization of a heterologous enzyme (β-galactosidase) targeted to the recombinant shells. Together our results provide proof-of-concept for the engineering of protein nano-compartments for biosynthesis and biocatalysis.
Atlas-Guided Quantification of White Matter Signal Abnormalities on Term-Equivalent Age MRI in Very Preterm Infants: Findings Predict Language and Cognitive Development at Two Years of Age (2013)

The developmental significance of the frequently encountered white matter signal abnormality (WMSA) findings on MRI around term-equivalent age (TEA) in very preterm infants, remains in question. The use of conventional qualitative analysis methods is subjective, lacks sufficient reliability for producing accurate and reproducible WMSA diagnosis, and possibly contributes to suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcome prediction. The advantages of quantitative over qualitative diagnostic approaches have been widely acknowledged and demonstrated. The purpose of this study is to objectively and accurately quantify WMSA on TEA T2-weighted MRI in very preterm infants and to assess whether such quantifications predict 2-year language and cognitive developmental outcomes. To this end, we constructed a probabilistic brain atlas, exclusively for very preterm infants to embed tissue distributions (i.e. to encode shapes, locations and geometrical proportion of anatomical structures). Guided with this atlas, we then developed a fully automated method for WMSA detection and quantification using T2-weighted images. Computer simulations and experiments using in vivo very preterm data showed very high detection accuracy. WMSA volume, particularly in the centrum semiovale, on TEA MRI was a significant predictor of standardized language and cognitive scores at 2 years of age. Independent validation of our automated WMSA detection algorithm and school age follow-up are important next steps.