gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiome‐on‐a‐Chip: The Challenge of “Scaling” in Design, Operation, and Translation of Microphysiological Systems (2015)

Scaling of a microphysiological system (MPS) or physiome-on-a-chip is arguably two interrelated, modeling-based activities: on-platform scaling and in vitro-in vivo translation. This dual approach reduces the need to perfectly rescale and mimic in vivo physiology, an aspiration that is both extremely challenging and not substantively meaningful because of uncertain relevance of any specific physiological condition. Accordingly, this perspective offers a tractable approach for designing interacting MPSs and relating in vitro results to analogous context in vivo.
Model Predictive Control of DC–DC Converters to Mitigate the Effects of Pulsed Power Loads in Naval DC Microgrids (2018)

This paper proposes the design of optimal and robust coordinated controller of hybrid energy storage system in a naval dc microgrid (MG) application. It is able to mitigate the negative effects of the pulsed power loads and meet the practical limitations of both converters input control and state variables signals based on IEEE standards. To do this, first, the dynamic model of the dc MG, which can represent in either all-electric aircraft or shipboard power systems, is developed. Second, a novel model predictive controller (MPC) for energy storage converters is proposed such that all of the mentioned hard constraints are guaranteed. Third, a linear matrix inequality approach is used to solve the MPC conditions. Finally, to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach, some experimental tests are extracted. Obtained results verify better performance of the proposed approach over other state-of-the-art control techniques.
Enzymic cleavage of the ether bond of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic cleavage of the ether bond of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetateJames M. Tiedje and Martin AlexanderCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1969, 17, 5, 1080–1084Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60165a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60165a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Notch2 signaling promotes biliary epithelial cell fate specification and tubulogenesis during bile duct development in mice # (2009)

Notch2 signaling regulates BEC differentiation, the induction of tubulogenesis during IHBD development, and BEC survival.
Increase in IL-21 producing T-cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2011)

This study demonstrates an increased proportion of IL-21+ T-cells in SLE patients correlating with the proportion of IL-17+ T-cells. This suggests a pivotal role of IL-21 in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Clinical efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for the treatment of advanced or metastatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020)

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors provide a survival advantage over conventional therapies for treatment of advanced or metastatic cancer. However, the factors determining which patients benefit the most from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are unknown, making treatment-related decisions difficult. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of acquired data to assess the efficacy and toxicity of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced and metastatic cancer. A thorough search strategy was applied to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and major conferences. Studies meeting predefined selection criteria were selected, and two independent investigators performed data extraction; overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall response rate were compared between anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and control therapies. We calculated the pooled response rate and 95% CIs of all-grade and high-grade (≥3) adverse effects and evaluated the within-study heterogeneity using subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses. In final, we included eligible 35 RCTs (21047 patients). The main estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and PFS were 0.76 (0.71-0.82) and 0.81 (0.73-0.89) in a random-effects model. The anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor group had a significantly high risk for all-grade immune-related adverse events. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were identified as a preferable treatment option for advanced or metastatic cancer patients who are male, aged < 65 years, current or former smokers, had no CNS or liver metastasis, had not EGFR mutation, and had high PD-L1 expression.
closo-Monocarbaboranes as ligands for transition metals: synthesis and reactivity of exo-diphosphineplatinum-closo-monocarbaborane complexes; structure of [Pt{But 2P(CH2)2PBut 2}(closo-CB11H12)][CB11H12] (1991)

Protonation of the complexes [PtR2(L–L)][R = Me, L–L =(C6H11)2P(CH2)3P(C6H11)21a; But2P(CH2)3PBut2, 1b; But2P(CH2)2PBut21c; or But2PCH2C6H4CH2PBut2, 1d; R = CH2But, L–L =(C6H11)2P(CH2)3P(C6H11)2, 2a; But2P(CH2)3PBut2, 2b; or But2P(CH2)2PBut2, 2c] with the monocarbaborane acid HCB11H12 in diethyl ether at 0 °C affords the exo-diphosphineplatinum-closo-monocarbaborane complexes [Pt(L–L)(closo-CB11H12)][CB11H12][L–L =(C6H11)2P(CH2)3P(C6H11)2, 3a, But2P(CH2)3PBut2, 3b; But2P(CH2)2PBut23c; or But2PCH2C6H4CH2PBut2, 3d] in which the co-ordinated closo-CB11H12 ligand is strongly bond to platinum via two exo-polyhedral three-centre two-electron (Pt ⋯ H ⋯ B) bridges. These complexes are fluxional in solution at room temperature. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of 3c confirmed the bonding mode of the dodecarboraneligand. Complex 3c crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, a= 16.199(4), b= 16.564(5), c= 14.896(3)Å, β= 93.64(2)° and Z= 4. The final discrepancy index was R= 0.043, R′= 0.050 for 2838 independent reflections. The geometry around the platinum centre is distorted square planar with µ-H–Pt 1.90(8), Pt–B 2.342(8) and B-µ–H 1.23(8)Å. In contrast when the solvent is changed from ether to tetrahydrofuran (thf), complex 1b on protonation is converted into [PtMe(thf){But2P-P(CH2)3PBut2}][CB11H12]5. Complexes 3b-3d react with acetonitrile to yield [Pt(NCMe)2(L–L)][CB11H12]2[L–L = But2P(CH2)3PBut2, 6b; But2P(CH2)2PBut2, 6c; or But2CH2C6H4CH2But2, 6d]. Likewise 3b reacts with pyridine affording [Pt(NC5H5)2{But2P(CH2)3PBut2}][CB11H12]27. However C2H4, CO and PPh3 do not react readily with these complexes. The thf complex 5 reacts with deuteriated acetonitrile to form [PtMe(NCCD3){But2P(CH2)3PBut2}][CB11H12]8. Spectroscopic data for the new complexes are presented and discussed.
Complications of foldable intraocular lenses requiring explantation or secondary intervention—2001 survey update (2002)

A survey of the complications associated with foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) that required explantation or secondary intervention was sent to members of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery and the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons. Preoperative data about visual acuity, patient signs and symptoms, and complications requiring IOL removal were assessed. Postoperative results and outcomes were also analyzed. Complications and symptoms for each of the following major groups of foldable IOLs explanted were tabulated separately: 3-piece hydrophilic acrylic or hydrogel; 3-piece monofocal silicone; 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic; 1-piece hydrophobic acrylic with haptics; 3-piece multifocal silicone; 1-piece plate-type silicone. A total of 286 surveys were returned for evaluation. Intraocular lens calcification, incorrect lens power, optical visual aberrations, and decentration/dislocation were the most common reasons for removing a foldable IOL. Accurate IOL measurements, meticulous surgical technique, proper patient counseling, and careful manufacture of foldable IOL materials are the most important factors in avoiding complications with foldable IOLs.
Multiple-step relayed correlation spectroscopy: sequential resonance assignments in oligosaccharides. (1984)

A general property of the high-resolution proton NMR spectra of oligosaccharides is the appearance of low-field well-resolved resonances corresponding to the anomeric (H1) and H2 protons. The remaining skeletal protons resonate in the region 3-4 ppm, giving rise to an envelope of poorly resolved resonances. Assignments can be made from the H1 and H2 protons to their J-coupled neighbors (H2 and H3) within this main envelope by using 1H-1H correlated spectroscopy. However, the tight coupling (J congruent to delta) between further protons results in poor spectral dispersion with consequent assignment ambiguities. We describe here three-step two-dimensional relayed correlation spectroscopy and show how it can be used to correlate the resolved anomeric (H1) and H2 protons with remote (H4, H5) protons directly through a linear network of couplings using sequential magnetization transfer around the oligosaccharide rings. Resonance assignments are then obtained by inspection of cross-peaks that appear in well-resolved regions of the two-dimensional spectrum. This offers a general solution to the assignment problem in oligosaccharides and, importantly, these assignments will subsequently allow for the three-dimensional solution conformation to be determined by using one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser experiments.
Toward an understanding of auditory evoked cortical event-related potentials: Characteristics and classification (2011)

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of auditory evoked cortical ERP components P1-N1-P2 and MMN and explore a practical way for ERP waveform identification and classification. Methods: Thirty right-handed normally hearing volunteers participated in the present study, age ranging from 20 to 40 years old, 14 males and 16 females. All the volunteers reported no history of auditory, neurological or mental disorder. The event related potential (ERP) components (i.e. P1-N1-P2 complex and mismatch negativity (MMN)) were measured using the 128-electrode channels EGI system. Results: Three different categories of ERP responses were classified on the basis of waveform configuration, size of the peak amplitude and the number of peaks together with scalp distribution of MMN. Ten participants (33.3%) had well defined ERP responses, 13 (43.3%) showed moderately defined ERP responses, and seven (23.3%) had poorly defined ERP responses. Although there were no significant differences in P1, P2, and MMN latencies, participants with the poorly defined ERP waves had significantly longer N1 latency than that in subjects with well defined ERP waves. In addition, significantly lower MMN amplitudes were also found in this group. Conclusion: Combining a waveform classification method and the MMN scalp distribution pattern, together with quantitative ERP response analysis, may provide more reliable and practical means for clinical application.
Studies of Leukocyte Kinetics in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1968)

Abstract Intravenously administered H3TdR was used to study peripheral blood leukocyte kinetics of ten patients with CLL in relapse and one in partial remission. Two distinct patterns were found. The first pattern indicates the presence of a small, proliferating population of lymphocytes which is present in the blood for a relatively brief time. This pattern was found in patients with no organomegaly and with relatively lower peripheral lymphocyte counts. In the second pattern almost all of the cells present were non-proliferating and long-lived. The patients with the latter pattern had organomegaly. These studies support the concept that there is a progressive widespread accumulation of long-lived lymphocytes in CLL often leading to splenic pooling and, in some cases, hypersplenism.
Biochemical and Genetic Studies of Pigment‐Type Switching (2000)

Mutations that affect the balance between the synthesis of eumelanin and pheomelanin provide a powerful set of tools with which to understand general aspects of cell signaling. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that pheomelanin synthesis is triggered by the ability of Agouti protein to inhibit signaling through the Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r). In a bioassay based on the Xenopus Mc1r, Agouti protein has two effects, competitive inhibition of receptor occupancy by alpha-MSH and down-regulation of receptor signaling, which are mediated separately by domains in the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of Agouti protein, respectively. Recently, we have used the genetics of pigmentation as an in vivo system to screen for and analyze other mutations in the Agouti-melanocortin pathway. The pigmentary effects of Agouti are suppressed by the previously existing coat-color mutations mahogany (mg), mahoganoid (md), and Umbrous (U). Double mutant studies, with animals deficient for the Mc1r or those which carry Ay, indicate that mg and md are genetically upstream of the Mc1r, and can suppress the effects of Ay on both pigmentation and body weight. Positional cloning has recently identified the gene mutated in mahogany as a single transmembrane-spanning protein whose ectodomain is orthologous to human Attractin (Atrn).
Applications of SAT Solvers in Cryptanalysis: Finding Weak Keys and Preimages (2014)

This paper investigates the power of SAT solvers in cryptanalysis. The contributions are two-fold and are relevant to both theory and practice. First, we introduce an efficient, generic and automated method for generating SAT instances encoding a wid
A novel electrolyte system without a Grignard reagent for rechargeable magnesium batteries (2012)

A new phenolate-based magnesium ion conducting electrolyte is prepared. The electrolyte exhibits air insensitive character and excellent electrochemical performances which make it highly promising for advanced rechargeable Mg battery systems.
A Study on the Probabilistic Stability Analysis of Slopes (2006)

Slope stability analysis is a geotechnical engineering problem characterized by many sources of uncertainty. Some of them are connected to the variability of soil properties involved in the analysis. In this paper, a numerical procedure of probabilistic analysis of slope stability is presented based on Spencer's method of slices. The deterministic analysis is extended to a probabilistic approach that accounts fur the uncertainties and spatial variation of the soil parameters. The procedure is based on the first-order reliability method to compute the Hasofer-Lind reliability index and Monte-Carlo Simulation. A probabilistic stability assessment was performed to obtain the variation of failure probability with the variation of soil parameters in homogeneous and layered slopes as an example. The examples give insight into the application of uncertainty treatment to the slope stability and show the impact of the spatial variability of soil properties on the outcome of a probabilistic assessment.
The Role of Conformational Ensembles in Ligand Recognition in G-Protein Coupled Receptors (2011)

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are allosteric membrane proteins mediating cellular signaling. GPCRs exhibit multiple inactive and active conformations, and the population balance between these conformations is altered upon binding of signaling molecules (or ligands). However, the nature of the conformational ensemble or the mechanism of the conformational transitions is not well understood. We present a multiscale computational approach combining a coarse-grained discrete conformational sampling method with fine-grained molecular dynamics investigating the effect of various ligands binding on the ensemble of conformations sampled by human β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR). We show that the receptor, in the absence of any ligand, samples an extensive conformational space that includes breathing of the orthosteric ligand binding site and shear motion of the transmembrane helices 5 and 6 against the other helices. The shear motion is similar to the reorganization of the intracellular regions of TM3, TM5, and TM6 observed in the crystal structure of the active state of GPCRs. The binding of agonist norepinephrine or partial agonist salbutamol leads to the selection of a subset of conformations including active and inactive state conformations, while inverse agonist carazolol selects only inactive state conformations. The dynamics of water observed during the simulations provides an explanation for the conformational changes observed in the solution-based fluorescence spectroscopic measurements on agonist activated β2AR, which could not be explained by the agonist bound β2AR crystal structure. This study shows that the receptor activation depends on both the low energy states and the range of the conformations sampled by the receptor.
Electrical, structural and processing properties of electrically conductive adhesives (1993)

There is growing interest in the potential of electrically conductive metal-loaded polymer adhesives. Eight commercial electrically conductive adhesive pastes for solder replacement in surface mount technology (SMT) and other microelectronic applications were selected for study, including both thermosetting and thermoplastic examples. All were silver based, except for one nickel-polymer composite. The properties on which this work was focused were the microstructure and electrical characteristics, with the specific purpose of determining the conduction mechanisms. The electrical measurements established that the primary source of electrical resistance is in the silver particles, with negligible contact effects between them. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that drifts in the electrical properties are not attributable to incomplete cures. Electrical measurements on simplified structures prepared in the laboratory are also reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Learning to Make Coherent Predictions in Domains with Discontinuities (1991)

We have previously described an unsupervised learning procedure that discovers spatially coherent properties of the world by maximizing the information that parameters extracted from different parts of the sensory input convey about some common underlying cause. When given random dot stereograms of curved surfaces, this procedure learns to extract surface depth because that is the property that is coherent across space. It also learns how to interpolate the depth at one location from the depths at nearby locations (Becker and Hinton, 1992). In this paper, we propose two new models which handle surfaces with discontinuities. The first model attempts to detect cases of discontinuities and reject them. The second model develops a mixture of expert interpolators. It learns to detect the locations of discontinuities and to invoke specialized, asymmetric interpolators that do not cross the discontinuities.
Formation of high electrical-resistivity thin surface layer on carbonyl-iron powder (CIP) and thermal stability of nanocrystalline structure and vortex magnetic structure of CIP (2016)

This study focuses on the carbonyl-iron powder (CIP) used in the metal composite bulk magnetic core for high-efficient/light-weight SiC/GaN power device MHz switching dc-dc converter, where the fine CIP with a mean diameter of 1.1 μm is used to suppress the MHz band eddy current inside the CIP body. When applying the CIP to composite core together with the resin matrix, high electrical resistivity layer must be formed on the CIP-surface in order to suppress the overlapped eddy current between adjacent CIPs. In this study, tens nm thick silica (SiO2) was successfully deposited on the CIP-surface by using hydrolysis of TEOS (Si(OC2H5)4). Also tens nm thick oxidized layer of the CIP-surface was successfully formed by using CIP annealing in dry air. The SiC/GaN power device can operate at ambient temperature over 200 degree-C, and the composite magnetic core is required to operate at such ambient temperature. The as-made CIP had small coercivity below 800 A/m (10 Oe) due to its nanocrystalline-structure and had a single vortex magnetic structure. From the experimental results, both nanocrystalline and single vortex magnetic structure were maintained after heat-exposure of 250 degree-C, and the powder coercivity after same heat-exposure was nearly same as that of the as-made CIP. Therefore, the CIP with thermally stable nanocrystalline-structure and vortex magnetic state was considered to be heat-resistant magnetic powder used in the iron-based composite core for SiC/GaN power electronics.
An extended nonlinear transform domain adaptive filter (2002)

The concept of nonlinear transform domain adaptive filtering is extended to handle general inputs. Two solutions are proposed and a local temporal relationship is established between them. Layered implementation is shown to achieve performance comparable to the linear embedding solution with considerably reduced computations. Computer simulation shows improved learning performance compared to the LMS based structure driven with a non-Gaussian input.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloud Liquid Water and Ice Content Retrieval by Multiwavelength Radar (2003)

Cloud liquid water and ice content retrieval in precipitating clouds by the differential attenuation method using a dual-wavelength radar, as a function of the wavelength pair, is first discussed. In the presence of non-Rayleigh scatterers, drizzle, or large ice crystals, an ambiguity appears between attenuation and non-Rayleigh scattering. The liquid water estimate is thus biased regardless of which pair is used. A new method using three wavelengths (long l , medium m , and short s ) is then proposed in order to overcome this ambiguity. Two dual-wavelength pairs, ( l , m ) and ( l , s ), are considered. With the ( l , m ) pair, ignoring the attenuation, a first estimate of the scattering term is computed. This scattering term is used with the ( l , s ) pair to obtain an estimate of the attenuation term. With the attenuation term and the ( l , m ) pair, a new estimate of the scattering term is computed, and so on until obtaining a stable result. The behavior of this method is analyzed through a numerical simulation and the processing of field data from 3-, 35-, and 94-GHz radars.