gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AP-1 transcriptional activity is regulated by a direct association between thioredoxin and Ref-1 (1997)

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a pleiotropic cellular factor that has thiol-mediated redox activity and is important in regulation of cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression. The activity of several transcription factors is posttranslationally altered by redox modification(s) of specific cysteine residue(s). One such factor is nuclear factor (NF)-κB, whose DNA-binding activity is markedly augmented by TRX treatment in vitro . Similarly, the DNA-binding activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1) is modified by a DNA repair enzyme, redox factor 1 (Ref-1), which is identical to a DNA repair enzyme, AP endonuclease. Ref-1 activity is in turn modulated by various redox-active compounds, including TRX. We here report the molecular cascade of redox regulation of AP-1 mediated by TRX and Ref-1. Phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate efficiently translocated TRX into the HeLa cell nucleus where Ref-1 preexists. This process seems to be essential for AP-1 activation by redox modification because co-overexpression of TRX and Ref-1 in COS-7 cells potentiated AP-1 activity only after TRX was transported into the nucleus by phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate treatment. To prove the direct active site-mediated association between TRX and Ref-1, we generated a series of substitution-mutant cysteine residues of TRX. In both an in vitro diamide-induced cross-linking study and an in vivo mammalian two-hybrid assay we proved that TRX can associate directly with Ref-1 in the nucleus; also, we demonstrated the requirement of cysteine residues in the TRX catalytic center for the potentiation of AP-1 activity. This report presents an example of a cascade in cellular redox regulation.
An effective calibration procedure for correction of parallax unmatched image pairs (2009)

The stereo image pairs or two-view video sequences can be captured by two cameras at two horizontally different positions. If the stereo image pairs possess incompatible convergences of vertical parallax and horizontal parallax, human eyes generally cannot properly exhibit stereo visualisation. If the image pairs are taken from single camera or selected from a video sequence, perception of stereo visualisation will become even worse. The authors propose an effective calibration procedure to adjust the image pairs to achieve better stereo visualisation. The proposed calibration procedure contains six steps, including feature point extraction, bidirectional feature point matching, relative distance checking, image transformation, hole-filling and reshaping. Experimental results show that the proposed system can effectively adjust vertical and horizontal parallax such that the calibrated stereo image pairs can properly exhibit stereo scenes in stereoscopic display systems. Experimental results also reveal that the proposed method can achieve less vertical parallax than the existing rectification methods.
Delimitation and Characterization of <i>cis</i>-Acting DNA Sequences Required for the Regulated Expression and Transcriptional Control of the Chicken Skeletal α-Actin Gene (1986)

We have previously observed that DNA sequences within the 5'-flanking region of the chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene harbor a cis-acting regulatory element that influences cell type and developmental stage-specific expression (J. M. Grichnik, D. J. Bergsma, and R. J. Schwartz, Nucleic Acids Res 14:1683-1701, 1986). In this report we have constructed unidirectional 5'-deletion and region-specific deletion-insertion mutations of the chicken skeletal alpha-actin upstream region and inserted these into the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vector pSV0CAT. These constructions were used to locate DNA sequences that are required for developmental modulation of expression when transfected into differentiating myoblasts. With this assay we have delimited the 5' boundary of a cis-acting regulatory element to ca. 200 base pairs upstream of the mRNA cap site. In addition, we have preliminarily identified DNA sequences that may be important subcomponents within this element. A second major focus of this study was to identify those DNA signals within the regulatory element that control transcription. Toward this end, the expression phenotypes of progressive 5'-deletion and deletion-insertion mutants of the 5'-flanking region of the chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene were assayed in microinjected Xenopus laevis oocytes. These experiments defined a cis-acting transcriptional control region having a 5' border 107 base pairs preceding the alpha-actin RNA cap site. Proximal and distal functionally important regions of DNA were identified within this element. These DNA signals included within their DNA sequences the "CCAAT" and "TATA" box homologies.
Diplopyrone, a New Phytotoxic Tetrahydropyranpyran-2-one Produced by <i>Diplodia mutila</i>, a Fungus Pathogen of Cork Oak (2003)

A new phytotoxic monosubstituted tetrahydropyranpyran-2-one, named diplopyrone (1), was isolated from the liquid culture filtrates of Diplodia mutila, a plant pathogenic fungus causing a form of canker disease of cork oak (Quercus suber). Diplopyrone was characterized, using spectroscopic and chemical methods, as 6-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,4a,6,8a-tetrahydropyran[3,2-b]pyran-2-one. The absolute stereochemistry of the chiral secondary hydroxylated carbon (C-9), determined by application of Mosher's method, proved to be S. Diplopyrone assayed at a 0.01-0.1 mg/mL concentration range caused necrosis and wilting on cork oak cuttings. On a nonhost plant, tomato, diplopyrone caused brown discoloration or stewing on the stem.
Pericyte Signaling in the Neurovascular Unit (2008)

Brain pericytes are intimately associated with capillary endothelial cells, separated only by basement membrane. Pericyte research has been hampered by absence of pericyte-specific immunochemical markers. The vast array of pericyte functions include contractility, immunologic, migratory, and angiogenic. Pericytes have stem cell potential, contribute to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and have a regulatory role for hemostasis in the brain. Improvement in pericyte identification is likely to lead to marked increase in appreciation of the role of pericytes in the neurovascular unit.
Vortex Entanglement in High-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Superconductors (1988)

New kinds of intermediate flux states should be accessible in high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors, in fields slightly above ${H}_{c1}$. Flux-line wandering leads to an entangled vortex state whose statistical mechanics is isomorphic to an interacting 2D Bose superfluid with cooperative ring exchanges. In sufficiently thin samples, this "braided flux" phase transforms into a liquid of disentangled rods.
Micropallet Technology for Investigating Tumor Cellular Profiles and Analysis of Rare Cell Subsets (2008)

Rationally designed, individualized therapeutic strategies have long been a desired objective for breast cancer patients and clinicians as an estimated 178,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed among women in the United States this year and over 40,000 women are expected to die from the disease. [1] The increasing appreciation of breast tumor cellular heterogeneity raises fundamental questions as to the relative contributions of cellular subsets to the biologic behavior of an individual patient’s tumor. [2] As such, it has become increasingly clear that in many cases, an individualized strategy for the treatment of breast cancer would be of great benefit, and that the ability to isolate relevant cellular subsets from the main tumor population is one of the critical limits to accomplishing this goal.
A New Approach for Overload Management in Content-based Publish/Subscribe (2007)

Overload management is of vital importance in wide-area publish/subscribe systems, yet current solutions are best-effort. In this paper, we present an admission control scheme for overload management in large-scale and scalable content-based publish/subscribe systems. We analyze the stumbling block for implementing admission control in publish/subscribe systems, and point out how it differs from admission control schemes in other research areas. We propose a cover relation based algorithm to compute subscription resource requirements and an admission control algorithm based on subscription routing. The scheme ensures time, space and flows decoupling without sacrificing scalability of publish/subscribe systems. Finally, we conduct experiments to verify the effectiveness of the scheme.
New insights into the ATP‐dependent Clp protease: <i>Escherichia coli</i> and beyond (1999)

Proteolysis functions as a precise regulatory mechanism for a broad spectrum of cellular processes. Such control impacts not only on the stability of key metabolic enzymes but also on the effective removal of terminally damaged polypeptides. Much of this directed protein turnover is performed by proteases that require ATP and, of those in bacteria, the Clp protease from Escherichia coli is one of the best characterized to date. The Clp holoenzyme consists of two adjacent heptameric rings of the proteolytic subunit known as ClpP, which are flanked by a hexameric ring of a regulatory subunit from the Clp/Hsp100 chaperone family at one or both ends. The recently resolved three-dimensional structure of the E. coli ClpP protein has provided new insights into its interaction with the regulatory/chaperone subunits. In addition, an increasing number of studies over the last few years have recognized the added complexity and functional importance of ClpP proteins in other eubacteria and, in particular, in photosynthetic organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to higher plants. The goal of this review is to summarize these recent findings and to highlight those areas that remain unresolved.
RENAL LESIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL PLUMBISM AND THEIR CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS (1965)

Summary Administration of lead acetate to rats for long periods is associated with changes in the cells of the convoluted tubules, especially those in the deeper portions of the renal cortex. These changes comprise dilatation of the affected tubules, degeneration, death and subsequently regeneration of individual cells, nuclear inclusions, and atypical mononuclear, giant tubule cells. Gross changes in renal architecture are not produced by administration of lead acetate alone. Administration of lead acetate followed by unilateral nephrectomy is associated with the appearance of foci of scarring in the remaining kidney in a proportion of animals. These foci may be widespread. In the present study the factors determining presence or absence of scarring could not be defined. Kidneys damaged by lead acetate are no more susceptible than normal kidneys to damage from intravenous injection of Escherichia coli . These experimental results may help to explain the frequency of chronic renal disease following lead poisoning in infancy and childhood and its rarity in industrial lead poisoning.
Photosynthetic Induction State of Leaves in a Soybean Canopy in Relation to Light Regulation of Ribulose-1-5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase and Stomatal Conductance (1990)

Photosynthetic induction state, stomatal conductance and light regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) were examined for leaves in a mature, closed soybean (Glycine max) canopy (leaf area index approximately 5) with the objective to determine the extent to which these factors may be limiting the capacity to respond to light transients during sunflecks. When sampled along a vertical gradient, leaves near the bottom of the canopy had lower rubisco contents and chlorophyll a/b ratios as compared with upper leaves. Leaves sampled at midcanopy showed a wide variation in photosynthetic induction state (ratio of the photosynthetic rate achieved after 1 minute exposure to high light to the steady-state assimilation rate achieved after 20 minutes exposure). Both photosynthetic induction state and the initial rubisco activity varied in parallel with stomatal conductance. By contrast there was no correlation between total rubisco activity and stomatal conductance. The results indicate that induction state, as determined by the light regulation of both rubisco activity and stomatal conductance, is an important limitation to the ability of leaves in a soybean canopy to respond to light transients that occur during sunflecks.
Pollen-stigma adhesion in<i>Arabidopsis:</i>a species-specific interaction mediated by lipophilic molecules in the pollen exine (1999)

To investigate the nature and role of cell adhesion in plants, we analyzed the initial step of pollination in Arabidopsis: the binding of pollen grains to female stigma cells. Here we show this interaction occurs within seconds of pollination. Because it takes place prior to pollen hydration, it also requires adhesion molecules that can act in a virtually dry environment. We developed assays that monitored adhesion of populations of pollen grains and individual cells. Adhesion between pollen and stigma cells is highly selective - Arabidopsis pollen binds with high affinity to Arabidopsis stigmas, while pollen from other species fails to adhere. Initial binding is independent of the extracellular pollen coat (tryphine), indicating that adhesion molecules reside elsewhere on the pollen surface, most likely within the exine walls. Immediately after pollination, the stigma surface becomes altered at the interface, acquiring a pattern that interlocks with the exine; this pattern is evident only with pollen from Arabidopsis and its close relatives. Purified exine fragments bind to stigma cells, and biochemical analyses indicate that this specific, rapid and anhydrous adhesion event is mediated by lipophilic interactions.
HPLC Determination of Extractable and Unextractable Proanthocyanidins in Plant Materials (2008)

This study developed a method for the determination of extractable and unextractable proanthocyanidins. Extractable proanthocyanidins were separated according to their degree of polymerization using normal phase HPLC. Unextractable proanthocyanidins were measured after acid-catalyzed depolymerization as flavan-3-ols (terminal units) and benzylthioethers (external units). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for the identification of proanthocyanidins in the samples. Hubaux-Vos detection limits were 0.01-0.15 ng/injection for extractable proanthocyanidins, with recovery rates from 69 to 91%. Detection limits for unextractable proanthocyanidin derivatives were 0.002-0.035 ng/injection with 80% recovery. The developed method was applied to the analysis of several fruit and berry samples. Results showed great variation in the proportion of unextractable proanthocyanidins in total proanthocyanidin content between samples, being highest in the green variety of table grape (63%) and lowest in the apple cultivar 'Valkeakuulas' (4.1%). The method reported herein is reliable and gives valuable information on the nature of proanthocyanidins in plant-derived foods.
A novel kit for rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 (1994)

We report on the development and testing of a novel, rapid, colorimetric immunodiagnostic kit, Cholera SMART, for direct detection of the presence of Vibrio cholerae O1 in clinical specimens. Unlike conventional culture methods requiring several days to complete, the Cholera SMART kit can be used directly in the field by untrained or minimally skilled personnel to detect V. cholerae O1 in less than 15 min, without cumbersome laboratory equipment. A total of 120 clinical and environmental bacterial strains, including both O1 and non-O1 serotypes of V. cholerae isolated from samples collected from a variety of geographical regions, were tested, and positive reactions were observed only with V. cholerae O1. Also, results of a field trial in Bangladesh, employing Cholera SMART, showed 100% specificity and 96% sensitivity compared with conventional culture methods. Another field trial, in Mexico, showed that Cholera SMART was 100% in agreement with a recently described coagglutination test when 108 stool specimens were tested.
Homocysteine Is Biosynthesized from Aspartate Semialdehyde and Hydrogen Sulfide in Methanogenic Archaea (2015)

The biosynthetic route for homocysteine, intermediate in methionine biosynthesis, is unknown in some methanogenic archaea because homologues of the canonical required genes cannot be identified. Here we demonstrate that Methanocaldococcus jannaschii can biosynthesize homocysteine from aspartate semialdehyde and hydrogen sulfide. Additionally, we confirm the genes involved in this new pathway in Methanosarcina acetivorans. A possible series of reactions in which a thioaldehyde is formed and then reduced to a thiol are proposed. This represents a novel route for the biosynthesis of homocysteine and exemplifies unique aspects of sulfur chemistry occurring in prebiotic environments and in early life forms.
Speculative computation in IEC 61499 function blocks execution — Modeling and simulation (2016)

In this paper a speculative computation method for IEC 61499 function block (FB) systems is proposed to increase the level of parallelism when executing the FB system and thus to increase system's performance and to reduce response time on input events. Data and control dependencies in FB systems are recognized and defined as a basis for organizing speculative execution of FB algorithms. A simulation model of FB systems with speculative execution based on timed stochastic Petri nets is considered. In addition, the paper discusses the results of simulation experiments conducted in CPN Tools.
Human amblyopia: consequence of chronic interocular suppression. (1982)

In human strabismic amblyopes, visual acuity is selectively impaired in the central part of the visual field of the deviated eye. The acuity loss is usually asymmetric and depends on the direction and magnitude of the interocular misalignment. By contrast, in anisometropic amblyopes, the loss of acuity extends symmetrically in both the nasal and the temporal fields of the defocussed eye. Binocular interaction, including stereopsis, is selectively lost in the central part of the visual field of both strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes, but preserved in the periphery. For both groups of subjects, the areas of acuity and binocularity loss correlate well with the regions of interocular suppression. These findings support the idea that amblyopia arises at a central locus in the visual system, as a consequence of chronic interocular suppression.
Direct Conversion of Coal and Coal‐Derived Carbon in Fuel Cells (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Laser induced stabilisation of the welding arc (2005)

This paper deals with the influence of laser radiation on the stability of the welding arc. Experiments were conducted using a low power (500 W) Nd:YAG laser in combination with a gas tungsten welding arc. The laser induced arc stabilising effect was measured under various experimental conditions. It was found that the stabilising effect can be explained in terms of two phenomena: the absorption of laser energy by the arc plasma and the change of the arc plasma composition caused by strong evaporation of workpiece material. Both phenomena lead to a reduction of the effective ionisation potential of the plasma and thus provide a more conductive, stable plasma channel for arc root and column that overcomes disturbance by external forces. The proposed stabilisation mechanism was validated by measuring the absorption of laser energy by the arc plasma using a laser energy meter and the changes of arc plasma composition caused by the laser radiation by means of emission spectroscopy.
Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Alkylidenemalonates Using Efficient Phase-Transfer Catalysis of <i>N</i>-Spiro Chiral Ammonium Bromides (2004)

Highly enantioselective conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to alkylidenemalonates has been accomplished for the first time by the utilization of efficient phase-transfer catalysis of N-spiro C2-symmetric chiral quaternary ammonium bromide 1. For instance, simple mixing of nitropropane (2, R1 = Et), diisopropyl benzylidienemalonate (3, R2 = Ph), Cs2CO3 (1 equiv), and (S,S)-1 (1 mol %) in toluene at 0 degrees C for 2.5 h gave rise to the desired conjugate addition product 4 (R1 = Et, R2 = Ph) quantitatively (anti/syn = 86:14) with 97% ee (anti isomer). The applicability of this procedure has been demonstrated with other representative alkylidenemalonates and nitroalkanes. Since 4 can be readily transformed into the corresponding gamma-amino acid hydrochloride 5 without loss of diastereo- and enantioselectivity, the present method provides a new and practical access to various optically active gamma-amino acid derivatives.
Current View on Nanosized Solid Lipid Carriers for Drug Delivery to the Skin (2010)

Drug delivery into the skin is problematic because, as a natural barrier, it has a very low permeation rate. Several approaches have been made to increase the latter. Current advances in materials science and nanotechnology promise the development of new generations of drug carriers for therapeutic, diagnostic and protective purposes. We have reviewed various lipid drug delivery systems to the skin, with the main focus on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Further the article concerns possible variants in formulation of SLNs, the selection of lipid compounds and safe stabilizers, and the influence of the physicochemical properties of the drugs on distribution after loading into SLNs. In the last part the advantages of delivery into keratinocytes by SLNs over that of the free drug is addressed, focusing on decreased cytotoxicity of the incorporated drug in SLNs and controlled drug delivery to the subcellular compartments. This knowledge is important in the design and production of advanced solid lipid drug carriers. Additionally, the need for novel approaches or devices to improving permeation is also discussed in the context of moving the nanocarriers to targets deeper in the skin.
Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Bolus Injections of Atrial Natriuretic Factor in Normal Volunteers (1988)

The aim of this study was to examine the hemodynamic, renal, and endocrine effects of exogenous human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), together with its pharmacokinetics, in healthy volunteers. Ten subjects participated in this study, in which the effects of a single bolus dose of ANF and of a matched vehicle injection were compared under a 135 mmol/day sodium intake. Doses of 3, 12.5, and 25 micrograms of ANF were given to 1 subject each, and doses of 50 and 100 micrograms were given to 4 and 3 subjects, respectively. Significantly, hemodynamic changes occurred at the 100 micrograms dose, when mean blood pressure decreased by 15% and heart rate increased reciprocally. Diuresis and natriuresis tended to increase following 50 micrograms but increased significantly and in a prolonged fashion following 100 micrograms of ANF. Atrial natriuretic factor did not cause significant changes in plasma catecholamine, renin activity, and aldosterone levels at any dose, although aldosterone tended to decrease. Plasma arginine-vasopressin concentrations decreased significantly following 100 micrograms. Plasma cyclic GMP levels increased in all subjects and in a dose-dependent fashion. Plasma ANF concentrations peaked 3-5 min following the bolus injection and returned toward baseline values within 10-60 min. Although with doses of less than or equal to 50 micrograms plasma ANF levels increased up to 8 to 50-fold, compared to baseline values, the only significant change was the increase in plasma cyclic GMP levels, perhaps because the effects of ANF were successfully masked by counter-regulatory mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)