gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copolymerization and Synthesis of Multiply Binding Histamine Ligands for the Robust Functionalization of Quantum Dots (2014)

The polymeric functionalization of quantum dots via ligand exchange is a robust method for the preparation of stable fluorescent particles with high quantum yields. For most biological applications of quantum dots, water solubility is a key requirement; to achieve biocompatibility, polymeric ligand systems that can provide water solubility as well as effective anchoring groups are advantageous. In this work, histamine functional polymers bearing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains were prepared using RAFT polymerization. A versatile postmodification strategy using activated ester units of N-methacryloxysuccinimide (NMS) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate in the polymer chain afforded copolymers ranging from 6K to 50K with low polydispersities, along with tailored composition of each monomer along the copolymer chain. By controlling the monomer ratio, PEGMA molecular weight, time, and temperature, the composition could be tuned to study its effect on quantum dot functionalization. Representative oleate-capped CdSe/CdxZn1–xS QDs purified by a recently established gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method were used to test the effectiveness of the histamine-bearing polymers for preparation of water-soluble QDs. Successful ligand exchange of the QDs was characterized by good dispersions in water, lack of aggregation between QDs, and good quantum yields in water. Overall, the synthetic method demonstrates a facile and robust postmodification strategy for the formation of multiply binding, histamine-bearing copolymers, which can be applied to nanomaterials for fundamental investigations and bioimaging/biodistribution studies.
The metabolic costs of improving ethanol yield by reducing glycerol formation capacity under anaerobic conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2013)

This work demonstrates the potential of fine-tuned pathway engineering, particularly when a compromise has to be found between high product yield on one hand and acceptable growth, productivity and stress resistance on the other hand. Previous study showed that, contrarily to anaerobiosis, the resulting gain in ethanol yield was accompanied with no loss of ethanol tolerance under aerobiosis. Moreover those mutants were still able to produce up to 90 gl-1 ethanol in an anaerobic SSF process. Fine tuning metabolic strategy may then open encouraging possibilities for further developing robust strains with improved ethanol yield.
Novel α‐ketoglutarate dioxygenase <i>tfdA</i> ‐related genes are found in soil DNA after exposure to phenoxyalkanoic herbicides (2010)

Phenoxyalkanoic herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D), 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyrate (2,4-DB) or mecoprop are widely used to control broad-leaf weeds. Several bacteria have been reported to degrade these herbicides using the α-ketoglutarate-dependent, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate dioxygenase encoded by the tfdA gene, as the enzyme catalysing the first step in the catabolic pathway. The effects of exposure to different phenoxyalkanoic herbicides in the soil bacterial community and in the tfdA genes diversity were assessed using an agricultural soil exposed to these anthropogenic compounds. Total community bacterial DNA was analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S rRNA and the tfdA gene markers, and detection and cloning of tfdA gene related sequences, using PCR primer pairs. After up to 4 months of herbicide exposure, significant changes in the bacterial community structure were detected in soil microcosms treated with mecoprop, 2,4-DB and a mixture of both plus 2,4-D. An impressive variety of novel tfdA gene related sequences were found in these soil microcosms, which cluster in new tfdA gene related sequence groups, unequally abundant depending on the specific herbicide used in soil treatment. Structural analysis of the putative protein products showed small but significant amino acid differences. These tfdA gene sequence variants are, probably, required for degradation of natural substrate(s) structurally related to these herbicides and their presence explains self-remediation of soils exposed to phenoxyalkanoic herbicides.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-4 Expression Is Decreased by Angiotensin II and Thrombin in Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2000)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a ubiquitous peptide that regulates cellular growth and differentiation and is involved in vascular proliferative responses. The effects of IGF-I are modulated by several IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBPs), including IGFBP-4, the main IGFBP produced by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We have previously shown that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced and thrombin-induced mitogenesis in VSMCs is dependent on autocrine IGF-I. In addition, we have demonstrated that IGF-I and IGFBP-4 mRNA levels are upregulated in the hypertensive aorta of abdominally coarcted rats, a high-renin hypertension model. To obtain further insight into the IGF-I system and to specifically study changes in IGFBP-4, a known inhibitor of IGF-I action, VSMCs were incubated with Ang II or thrombin. Compared with control, Ang II induced an 87+/-2% downregulation of IGFBP-4 mRNA levels at 24 hours, with a 61+/-6% decrease of IGFBP-4 levels, as determined by Western ligand blot analysis. Thrombin had the same depressor effects (87+/-2% for the mRNA levels and 61+/-3% for the protein levels). Ang II and thrombin coincubation with (125)I-IGFBP-4 in the conditioned media failed to reveal any increase in fragmentation, indicating that proteolytic cleavage of IGFBP-4 was not involved in the observed effects. Exogenous recombinant human IGFBP-4 decreased thrombin-induced DNA synthesis of human aortic VSMCs by 64%, whereas anti-IGFBP-4 antibody potentiated thrombin-induced DNA synthesis. These data suggest that downregulation of IGFBP-4 expression in VSMCs may play a critical role in vascular growth response to Ang II and thrombin in normal and diseased states, by increasing the bioavailability of IGF-I for its cell-surface receptor.
PHENOLIC OH GROUP ESTIMATION BY FTIR AND UV SPECTROSCOPY. APPLICATION TO ORGANOSOLV LIGNINS (2001)

Abstract The phenolic hydroxyl group content of 34 acetylated organosolv lignins, obtained by ethanol or methanol autocatalyzed pulping of Eucalyptus globulus was measured by FTIR spectroscopy. The absorbance of aromatic IR ester bands of acetylated lignins at 1765 cm−1 was employed to estimate the lignin phenolic hydroxyl group content. To compare different samples the spectra recorded were baseline corrected and normalized with the bands around 1500, 1600 and 1423 cm−1. Partial least-squares (PLS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) calibrations were carried out to establish a mathematical correlation between UV data sets and FTIR spectra. The best results were shown by the models obtained by PLS regression. In these models the band at 1766 cm−1 was normalized using the band at 1744 cm−1 and the baseline corrections were performed with the bands at 1423 cm−1 (ethanol lignin) and 1507 cm−1 (methanol lignin). Acknowledgments
G <sub>1</sub> cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction by nuclear Smad4/Dpc4: Phenotypes reversed by a tumorigenic mutation (1999)

The tumor suppressor Smad4/Dpc4 is a transcription activator that binds specific DNA sequences and whose nuclear localization is induced after exposure to type beta transforming growth factor-like cytokines. We explored an inducible system in which Smad4 protein is activated by translocation to the nucleus when cell lines that stably express wild-type or mutant Smad4 proteins fused to a murine estrogen receptor domain are treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. This induced Smad4-mediated transcriptional activation and a decrease in growth rate, attributable to a cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and an induction of apoptosis. A tumor-derived mutation (Arg-100 --> Thr) affecting a residue critical for DNA-binding demonstrated an "oncogenic" phenotype, having decreases in both the G1 fraction and apoptosis and, consequently, an augmentation of population growth. This model should be useful in the exploration and control of components that lie further downstream in the Smad4 tumor-suppressor pathway.
Nonlinear filters applied on computerized axial tomography: Theory and phantom images (1992)

New nonlinear image processing techniques, in particular smoothing based on the understanding of the image, may create computerized tomography (CT) images of good quality using less radiation. Such techniques may be applied before the reconstruction and particularly after it. Current CT scanners use strong linear low-pass filters applied to the CT projections, reducing noise but also deteriorating the resolution of the image. The method in this study was to apply a weak low-pass filter on the projections, to perform the reconstruction, and only then to apply a nonlinear filter on the image. Various kinds of nonlinear filters were investigated based on the fact that the image is approximately piecewise constant. The filters were applied with many values of several parameters and the effects on the spatial resolution and the noise reduction were evaluated. The signal-to-noise ratio of a high-contrast phantom image processed were compared with the nonlinear filter, with the SNR of the phantom images obtained with the built-in CT linear filters in two scanning modes, the normal and the ultra high resolution modes. It was found that the nonlinear filters improve the SNR of the image, compared to the built-in filters, about three times for the normal mode and twice for the UHR scanning mode. The most successful filter on low-contrast phantom image was applied and it also seems to lead to promising results. These results seem to show that applying nonlinear filters on CT images might lead to better image quality than using the current linear filters. It is hoped that these preliminary results are interesting enough for radiologists to test them in their clinical work.
Post-discharge gas composition of a large-gap DBD in humid air by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy (2014)

Large gap dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) provide non-thermal, non-equilibrium plasmas that can generate specific gas chemistry with enhanced bactericidal effects when working in humid air.
Strain hardening of thermoplastics (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrain hardening of thermoplasticsR. N. HawardCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 22, 5860–5869Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00074a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00074a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2948Altmetric-Citations264LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved Capacitance Measurements With Respect to a 1-pF Cross-Capacitor From 200 to 2000 Hz (2005)

This paper describes frequency dependence measurements of fused-silica capacitance standards from 200 to 2000 Hz, using a 1-pF cross-capacitor as the reference. The measured frequency dependence of fused-silica capacitors was found to vary significantly, ranging from a change of less than 0.2 /spl mu/F/F for one standard to a change of 0.8 /spl mu/F/F for another over the frequency range. Increasing capacitances with decreasing frequency from 1592 Hz for all tested fused-silica capacitors indicates that dielectric relaxation due to dielectric bulk and/or interfacial defects is the dominant source of frequency dependence. The relative combined standard uncertainty at 200 Hz (the largest in the frequency range) is 0.07 /spl mu/F/F, which is smaller by about a factor of three than the uncertainty reported previously from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of the Early Steps in Electrophilic Bromination Through the Study of the Reaction with Sterically Encumbered Olefins (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Directional laser emission from chaotic modes in quadrupole-deformed GaN microdisks (2000)

Summary form only given. Material properties as well as materials processing of GaN results in high laser thresholds. Circular microdisk GaAs and GaN lasers have lower thresholds and non-directional emission, because of the feedback from whispering-gallery modes (WGMs). Stadium-shaped microdisk quantum cascade lasers have greatly increased emission and directionality, because feedback is provided by the regular-orbit "bow tie" modes. We report the achievement of directional laser emission from quadrupolar-deformed-cavity GaN microdisks which have the same threshold as circular microdisks but with feedback provided by chaotic-orbit modes which eventually incident the disk-air interface at angles below the critical angle for total internal reflection.
Prediction of Behavioral Threshold and Comfort Values for Nucleus 22-Channel Implant Patients from Electrical Auditory Brain Stem Response Test Results (1991)

We have studied the prediction of behavioral threshold and comfort values for 11 patients who use the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant by means of the results of electrical auditory brain stem response (EABR) procedures. For prediction purposes, EABR and behavioral testing were done in the same electrode mode configuration for three specific electrodes. The results of this investigation suggest that EABR threshold current level is consistently near the behavioral comfort current level, rather than the patient's behavioral threshold level.
Relationship of Blood Acetoacetate and 3-Hydroxybutyrate in Diabetes (1971)

The ratio of blood ketone bodies 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate, once thought to be fairly constant, has been shown to vary from 0.6:1 to 4.8:1. In untreated, ketoacidotic patients, it is directly related to the plasma free fatty acid level. Administration of insulin lowers the ratio because the fall of blood 3-hydroxybutyrate occurs earlier and more rapidly than that of acetoacetate. During the treatment of ketoacidosis there is usually an initial increase of the acetoacetate which may persist at a high levelfor several hours despite improvement of the patient and falling 3-hydroxybutyrate and glucose levels.
Interactions between detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms and susceptibility to cancer. (1999)

Many case-control studies on the role of detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms in susceptibility to cancer have identified significant associations, though few have identified effects with sufficient strength to be useful clinically. Odds ratios of 2-3 are the usual finding. Therefore, combinations of risk alleles are increasingly studied in the hope of identifying haplotypes with sufficient biological impact (odds ratio > 15) to warrant further study in a clinical setting. The study of interactions between different detoxifying enzyme loci should be based on biological sense, for example the classical view of two-step xenobiotic detoxification, overlapping substrate specificities, detoxification of molecules derived from the same pathological insult (e.g. detoxification of nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke) or simultaneous regulation of expression. The rationale behind these mechanisms is discussed. Considerable amounts of data have focused on the interaction between CYP1A1 and GSTM1, particularly in Japanese patients with lung cancer. In this regard there is accumulating evidence suggesting that the combination of GSTM1 null/CYP1A1 rare alleles, particularly in combination with smoking, confers highly significant increased risk. However, there is now some debate on the importance of these data in terms of chemical detoxificatlon, since certain studies suggest that the CYP1A1 polymorphisms that have been investigated do not influence function or expression of the gene. Indeed, the influence of CYP2D6 genetic variation is also disputed, suggesting that these polymorphisms may be acting more as linkage markers than by influencing chemical carcinogenesis themselves. What is clear from the many studies on interactions between detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms is the comparative lack of supporting data on synergism between these genes. Given the inevitable increase in the complexity of studies, a basic explanation of the statistical approaches to the assessment of interactions is included in this chapter. A more detailed statistical/epidemiological assessment is given elsewhere in the book. Since there is an increasing reluctance of journals to publish case-control studies describing the (usually moderate) influence of detoxifying enzyme polymorphisms, it is important that scientists understand what statistical approach is appropriate and address the issue from a novel and clinically significant angle. This is likely to involve multiple genes and subgroup analysis of some kind.
FAMILY SYSTEMS MEDICINE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR PSYCHOLOGISTS (1992)

Family systems medicine is a relatively new and exciting field of health care that developed from the integration of "family therapy, systems theory and modern medicine" (Bloch, 1983). An essential component of family systems medicine is a collaborative health care team consisting of medical providers and mental health professionals, including psychologists. This chapter briefly reviews the field of family systems medicine, including its basic premises and the research that supports this approach. Some of the opportunities for psychologists and other mental health professionals to work within a family systems medicine model are described and illustrated with a clinical case example. Although this chapter is written primarily for clinical psychologists, the ideas and suggestions apply equally well to other health professionals and therapists who work in medical settings.
A scan-BIST environment for testing embedded memories (2003)

This paper presents a new IEEE 1149.1 compatible architecture as an intermediate environment for testing embedded memories. A BIST structure and a boundary scan are used for testing various memory configurations for programmability as well as improved controllability and observability. Its novelty is that features such as modularity, scalability with word size and adaptability to different memory configurations and testing requirements, are accomplished at relative ease. In the boundary scan, user-defined test modes are utilized so that basic modifications to the elements of a seed algorithm can be generated very efficiently.
CO and NO in medicine (2007)

The occurrence, role and consequences of CO and NO in biological systems are reviewed. This includes their syntheses by heme oxygenases and NO synthases, their biological targets and the physiological effects of their signals. The use of CO and NO gases in medicine are discussed and methods of delivery are illustrated with particular emphasis on the therapeutic properties of compounds that generate controlled amounts of NO and CO in vivo.
The microbiome in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients: the role of shared environment suggests a window of intervention (2014)

Taken together, these data and other recent studies suggest that as patients age, the CF microbiome becomes less diverse, more refractory to treatment and dominated by mucoid P. aeruginosa, as well as being associated with accelerated pulmonary decline. Our studies show that the microbiome of pediatric patients is susceptible to environmental influences, suggesting that interventions to preserve the community structure found in young CF patients might be possible, perhaps slowing disease progression.
Unsupervised feature learning by augmenting single images (2013)

When deep learning is applied to visual object recognition, data augmentation is often used to generate additional training data without extra labeling cost. It helps to reduce overfitting and increase the performance of the algorithm. In this paper we investigate if it is possible to use data augmentation as the main component of an unsupervised feature learning architecture. To that end we sample a set of random image patches and declare each of them to be a separate single-image surrogate class. We then extend these trivial one-element classes by applying a variety of transformations to the initial 'seed' patches. Finally we train a convolutional neural network to discriminate between these surrogate classes. The feature representation learned by the network can then be used in various vision tasks. We find that this simple feature learning algorithm is surprisingly successful, achieving competitive classification results on several popular vision datasets (STL-10, CIFAR-10, Caltech-101).
Ultrashort pulse micromachining with the 10-μJ FCPA fiber laser (2006)

IMRA's ultrashort pulse fiber laser products continue to evolve to expand the application scope. The latest prototype FCPA produces pulses with less than 500-fs pulse duration at a 50-kHz repetition rate. At the fundamental wavelength of 1045 nm, the pulse energy is greater than 10 mJ. The increase in pulse energy over the standard FCPA <i>μJewel</i> permits greater flexibility in the focusing conditions applicable for micromachining, enabling a wider variety of laser-machined structures and profiles. This paper describes the latest micromachining application areas being studied with this new laser.
Functional analysis of human T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. I. Collaborative T-T interactions in the immunoregulation of B cell differentiation. (1980)

T-B and T-T interactions involved in the regulation of PWM-triggered human B cell differentiation were studied in vitro. Functionally distinct human T cell subsets were isolated by C-mediated lysis by using the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8. Graded numbers of either untreated or irradiated T cell subsets were added to autologous B cells, and total antibody synthesis was measured after 5 to 6 days of culture by using a highly sensitive reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The data indicate that a) the helper activity that is exclusively contained within the OKT4+ population is radiosensitive. Only at high T/B ratios can this radiosensitivity be overcome; b) the OKT8+ population contains radiosensitive cells important in suppressing B cell differentiation, and c) the suppression induced with OKT8+ cells requires the presence of radiosensitive OKT4+ cells. Thus, OKT8+ cells added to cultures containing B cells and irradiated OKT4+ cells do not suppress the PFC response. Addition of unirradiated OKT4+ cells to these cultures permits reexpression of suppression by OKT8+ cells. It is concluded that two radiosensitive cells, one within the OKT4+ population and the other within the OKT8+ population, collaborate to induce suppression. Possible mechanisms for this suppressive interaction including induction of suppressor precursor cells within the OKT4+ population or inhibition of OKT4+ helper cells by OKT8+ cells are discussed.