gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The position and attitude of sub-reflector modeling for TM65m radio telescope (2015)

In the course of astronomical observations, with changes in angle of pitch, the large radio telescope will have different degrees of deformation in sub-reflector support, back frame, main reflector etc, which will lead to the dramatic decline of antenna efficiency on both high and low elevation. A sub-reflector system of the Tian Ma 65 m radio telescopes has been installed in order to compensate for the gravitational deformation of the sub-reflector support and the main reflector. The position and attitude of the sub-reflector are variable in order to improve the pointing performance and the efficiency at different elevations. This paper, at the X-band, researched that the changes of position and attitude of the sub-reflector had influence on the efficiency of antenna. Two kinds of model have been constructed to determine the position and attitude of the sub-reflector with elevation, the errors of fitting at the direction of X-axis and Z-axis of two models agreed well, however the large difference at Y-axis. In addition, antenna efficiency were tested with sub-reflector position adjusted and fixed. The results show that the models of sub-reflector can effectively improve the efficiency of the 65m telescope on each pitch angle.
Therapeutic prospect of Syk inhibitors (2009)

Syk kinase inhibition is suggested as a powerful tool for the therapy of different pathologies.
Isoform-specific Inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors by Bile Salts (2019)

The N-methyl-D-aspartate subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs) is well known for its important roles in the central nervous system (CNS), e.g. learning and memory formation. Besides the CNS, NMDARs are also expressed in numerous peripheral tissues including the pancreas, kidney, stomach, and blood cells, where an understanding of their physiological and pathophysiological roles is only evolving. Whereas subunit composition increases functional diversity of NMDARs, a great number of endogenous cues tune receptor signaling. Here, we characterized the effects of the steroid bile salts cholate and chenodeoxycholate (CDC) on recombinantly expressed NMDARs of defined molecular composition. CDC inhibited NMDARs in an isoform-dependent manner, preferring GluN2D and GluN3B over GluN2A and GluN2B receptors. Determined IC<sub>50</sub> values were in the range of bile salt serum concentrations in severe cholestatic disease states, pointing at a putative pathophysiological significance of the identified receptor modulation. Both pharmacological and molecular simulation analyses indicate that CDC acts allosterically on GluN2D, whereas it competes with agonist binding on GluN3B receptors. Such differential modes of inhibition may allow isoform-specific targeted interference with the NMDAR/bile salt interaction. In summary, our study provides further molecular insight into the modulation of NMDARs by endogenous steroids and points at a putative pathophysiological role of the receptors in cholestatic disease.
<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> specifically chemotax and proliferate in heterogeneous tumor tissue in vitro (2006)

Multi-drug resistance greatly limits the efficacy of conventional blood-born chemotherapeutics, which have limited ability to penetrate tumor tissue and are ineffective at killing quiescent cells far from tumor vasculature. Nonpathogenic, motile bacteria can overcome both of theses limitations. We hypothesize that the accumulation of S. typhimurium in tumors is controlled by two mechanisms: (1) chemotaxis towards compounds produced by quiescent cancer cells and (2) preferential growth within tumor tissue. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the relative contributions of these mechanisms using the tumor cylindroid model, which mimics the microenvironments of in vivo tumors. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy was used to measure the accumulation of GFP-labeled S. typhimurium into cylindroids of different size. Cylindroids larger than 500 microm in diameter contain quiescent cells, whereas cylindroids smaller than 500 microm do not. Spatio-temporal profiles of bacterial concentration were fit to a mathematical model to calculate two parameters that describe bacterial interaction with tumors: intratumoral bacterial growth, M, and intratumoral bacterial chemoattraction, K. It was observed that S. typhimurium is attracted to cylindroids and accumulate at long time points in the central region of large cylindroids. Both intratumoral bacterial growth and chemotaxis were significantly greater in large cylindroids, suggesting that quiescent cells secrete bacterial chemoattractants and the presence of necrotic and quiescent cells enable S. typhimurium to replicate in tumor tissue. In this study, several mechanisms of S. typhimurium accumulation in solid tumors have been quantified, which we believe is an important step in the development of bacterial-based therapeutics to target tumor quiescence.
Effect of Cultivar, Polyploidy and “Reciprocal” Hybridization on Characters Important in Breeding Triploid Seedless Watermelon Hybrids1 (1977)

Abstract C5 (sister line of ‘Sweet Princess’), ‘Sugar Baby’ and ‘Florida Giant’ cultivars of watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai], and their hybrids were compared at the diploid (2 x ), triploid (3 x ) and tetraploid (4 x ) chromosome levels. Ovary, fruit and seed shape was significantly rounder in the polyploids than in the diploids. There was no change in fruit shape in the already round cultivar, ‘Sugar Baby’. Fruit weight and ploidy level were inversely related. Hollow heart was more severe in the polyploids. The polyploids had a significantly thicker rind, contained larger seed, and were more field resistant to anthracnose than were the diploids. “Reciprocal” triploid hybrids [C5 (4 x ) x ‘Sugar Baby’ (2 x ) compared to ‘Sugar Baby’ (4 x ) x C5 (2 x )] had significantly different means for ovary shape, fruit shape and anthracnose resistance. The “reciprocal” triploid hybrids differed significantly in 1 of 2 seasons for the traits fruit weight, hollow heart incidence, rind thickness, and seed shape. In breeding seedless watermelon hybrids it is important to consider the parent cultivar used as the seed (tetraploid) parent.
Multiple window based minimum variance spectrum estimation for multidimensional random fields (1992)

Spectrum analysis is viewed as the problem of estimating the power of a process contained within narrow bands. This view leads naturally to consideration of filter-based methods for estimating spectra. Multiple window-based estimators where the power in a band is estimated as the average of the powers estimated at the outputs of multiple filters are considered. The filters are designed using a linearly constrained minimum variance criterion commonly employed in adaptive beamforming. This results in filters that automatically adjust their sidelobes to minimize leakage of energy from outside the band of interest. Expressions for the bias and variance of the power estimates are derived assuming the sample covariance matrix estimate is used to estimate the data covariance matrix and that the data are independent and identically Gaussian distributed. These expressions lead to the definition of a performance factor that indicates the degree of variance reduction obtained via multiple window processing. A technique for obtaining increased suppression of energy leaking through the filter sidelobes at the expense of the response fidelity to energy in the band is presented. Simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anisotropic spherical Gaussians (2013)

We present a novel anisotropic Spherical Gaussian (ASG) function, built upon the Bingham distribution [Bingham 1974], which is much more effective and efficient in representing anisotropic spherical functions than Spherical Gaussians (SGs). In addition to retaining many desired properties of SGs, ASGs are also rotationally invariant and capable of representing all-frequency signals. To further strengthen the properties of ASGs, we have derived approximate closed-form solutions for their integral, product and convolution operators, whose errors are nearly negligible, as validated by quantitative analysis. Supported by all these operators, ASGs can be adapted in existing SG-based applications to enhance their scalability in handling anisotropic effects. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of ASGs in practice, we have applied ASGs in two important SG-based rendering applications and the experimental results clearly reveal the merits of ASGs.
Neural control of aging skeletal muscle (2003)

Summary Functional and structural decline in the neuromuscular system with aging has been recognized as a cause of impairment in physical performance and loss of independence in the elderly. Alterations in spinal cord motor neurones and at the neuromuscular junction have been identified as evidence of denervation in skeletal muscles from aging mammals, including humans. However, the reciprocal influences of neurones on gene expression in muscle and of muscle on age‐related neurodegeneration are poorly understood, and, as a result, interventions aimed at delaying or preventing degeneration of the neural component in aging muscle have been largely unsuccessful. The present article discusses the evidence for neural influence on age‐related impairments of skeletal muscle, including a role in excitation–contraction uncoupling. The role of nerves in regulating the trophic actions of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and other neurotrophic factors is considered as a novel influence on the effects of aging on the neuromuscular junction. A better understanding of nerve–muscle interactions will allow for more rational interventions in the aging neuromuscular system.
The Plasma Homocysteine Concentration Is Better Than That of Serum Methylmalonic Acid as a Marker for Sociopsychological Performance in a Psychogeriatric Population (2000)

Plasma tHcy is the best marker of those measured to investigate suspected tissue deficiency of cobalamin/folate.
FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN PARALLEL PLATES AND IN ANNULI WITH VOLUME HEAT SOURCES WITHIN THE FLUIDS (1954)

compared with the theoretical curve and are found to be in good agreement with the predictions. In particular, the existence of maximum critical Reynolds number for annular flow is clearly shown by the data. (auth)
On-the-go mapping of soil properties using ion-selective electrodes (2003)

Soil mapping is one of the key practices associated with site-specific management. Grid sampling at densities of approximately 1 ha provides useful yet insufficient information about the spatial variation in soil fertility. Therefore, an automated soil sensing system for on-the-go mapping of soil pH, potassium and residual nitrate has been developed. The method is based on using commercial flat-surface ion-selective electrodes to perform measurements of corresponding ion activities on naturally moist soil samples. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the automated soil mapping system by comparing results with reports from commercial soil laboratories. While automated mapping of soil pH is advantageous, future investigation into the potential for potassium and nitrate on-the-go mapping is needed.
A 50 MHz eight-tap adaptive equalizer for partial-response channels (1995)

A new architecture for digital implementation of the adaptive equalizer in Class IV partial-response maximum likelihood (PRML) channels employing parallelism and pipelining is described. The architecture was used in a prototype integrated circuit in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology to implement an eight-tap adaptive equalizer and Viterbi sequence detector which consumes a total of 70 mW from a 3.3 V supply operating at an input sampling rate of 50 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The 21-day human cumulative irritation test can be reduced to 14 days without loss of sensitivity. (2004)

The 21-day cumulative irritation test for assessing the irritancy of topical products and chemicals is a venerable procedure that appears to have become the gold standard for manufacturers. Berger and Bowman in 1982 (1) showed that reducing the exposure to 14 days was less traumatic to the volunteers, less costly, less arduous, and did not affect reliability or the capacity to place the test agents in the proper rank order of irritancy. In the current study we compared (a) the 21-day cumulative irritation test, (b) the 14-day cumulative irritation test, and (c) the 14-day test with every-other-day patching. Additionally, ten-day, seven-day and four-day data from the 21-day test were compared. Forty-one subjects completed this study of six test materials. Two sets of patches were applied to each subject' lower back. One set had 21 consecutive applications of the test articles. The second set was applied, and removal of the test articles occurred Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 14 days. The 21-day test fully differentiated the test materials from each other. Using only the first 14 days of the 21-day test also fully differentiated the test materials. Every-other-day patching rank ordered the test materials the same as the everyday patching, but full differentiation of the test materials was not obtained. We conclude that the 14-day cumulative irritancy test is as reliable and sensitive as the 21-day test, along with the obvious advantages in time, cost, and minimization of trauma to the test subjects.
Imaging of the dispersion coefficient of Ultrasound contrast agents by Wiener system identification for prostate cancer localization (2015)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent form of cancer in Western men; however, reliable tools for PCa detection and localization are lacking. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (DCE-US) is a diagnostic tool that allows analysis of vascularization, by imaging an intravenously injected microbubble bolus. The localization of angiogenic vascularization associated with the development of tumors is of particular interest. Recently, methods aiming at estimating contrast dispersion to localize angiogenesis have shown promise. However, independent estimation of dispersion was not possible due to the ambiguity between dispersive and convective processes. Therefore, in this study we propose a new method that considers the vascular network as a dynamic linear system, whose impulse response can be locally identified by solving the Wiener-Hopf equations. To facilitate characterization, model-based parameter estimation is employed, permitting the determination of the apparent dispersion coefficient (D), velocity (v), and Péclet number (Pe) of the system. A preliminary clinical evaluation using data recorded from 10 patients shows that the proposed method can be applied effectively to DCE-US, and is able to locally characterize the hemodynamics in the prostate.
A digital integrator and scan generator coupled with dynamic scanning for scanning tunneling microscopy (1991)

A novel digital integrator circuit has been engineered for constant-current mode STM feedback control. In contrast to analog integrators that rely on charging or discharging of a capacitor in an amplifier feedback loop, the integrator uses a 16-bit digital counter that is rapidly incremented or decremented depending on whether the tunneling current is higher or lower than a reference value. The counter drives a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) whose output is amplified and used to control the STM Z-axis scanner. A computer’s parallel input port records the DAC output word at each sampling point, directly giving the digital value of the tip position. The integrator is used in conjunction with a two-axis 16-bit scan generator. The Z-axis feedback reference circuit is used to dynamically control the STM’s lateral scanning rate, and scan rates of 300 μm s−1 are demonstrated. The digital integrator and scan generator facilitate fast switching between different modes of STM operation, allowing glitch- and drift-free locking of tip position, interchange of axes, scanning or switching the sign of the tip bias, and flexible tailoring of the feedback response.
<i>In vivo</i>micro-CT analysis of bone remodeling in a rat calvarial defect model (2009)

The rodent calvarial defect model is commonly used to investigate bone regeneration and wound healing. This study presents a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) methodology for measuring the bone mineral content (BMC) in a rat calvarial defect and validates it by estimating its precision error. Two defect models were implemented. A single 6 mm diameter defect was created in 20 rats, which were imaged in vivo for longitudinal experiments. Three 5 mm diameter defects were created in three additional rats, which were repeatedly imaged ex vivo to determine precision. Four control rats and four rats treated with bone morphogenetic protein were imaged at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks post-surgery. Scan parameters were 80 kVp, 0.45 mA and 180 mAs. Images were reconstructed with an isotropic resolution of 45 microm. At 6 weeks, the BMC in control animals (4.37 +/- 0.66 mg) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in treated rats (11.29 +/- 1.01 mg). Linear regression between the BMC and bone fractional area, from 20 rats, showed a strong correlation (r(2) = 0.70, p < 0.0001), indicating that the BMC can be used, in place of previous destructive analysis techniques, to characterize bone growth. The high precision (2.5%) of the micro-CT methodology indicates its utility in detecting small BMC changes in animals.
Biosynthesis of thromboxanes. (1980)

The biosynthesis of thromboxanes from arachidonic acid involves 2 enzymes prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) which converts arachidonic acid to PGH2 and thromboxane synthase which isomerizes PGH2 to thromboxane A2. This chapter discusses thromboxane synthase. Topics include: 1) resolution of thromboxane synthesizing enzymes; 2) inhibitors of thromboxane synthase; 3) formation of C-17 acids from PG endoperoxides; 4) structural requirements for thromboxane synthase; and 5) conversion of PGG2.
Cardiac auscultatory skills of internal medicine and family practice trainees. A comparison of diagnostic proficiency. (1997)

Both internal medicine and family practice trainees had a disturbingly low identification rate for 12 important and commonly encountered cardiac events. This study suggests a need to improve the teaching and assessment of cardiac auscultation during generalists' training, particularly with the advent of managed care and its search for more cost-effective uses of technology.
Filter media for stormwater treatment and recycling: the influence of hydraulic properties of flow on pollutant removal (2005)

Improved urban water management in Australia is of national importance. Water resources are stretched and urban runoff is a recognized leading cause of degradation of urban waterways. Stormwater recycling is an option that can contribute to easing these problems. Biofilters are effective structural stormwater pollution control measures with the potential for integration into stormwater treatment and recycling systems. However, premature clogging of biofilters is a major problem, with resulting decreased infiltration capacity (and hence the volume of stormwater the system can detain) and increased detention time. This paper presents preliminary findings with respect to the effect of clogging on pollutant removal efficiency in conventional stormwater filter media. A one-dimensional laboratory rig was used to investigate the impact of clogging on pollutant removal efficiency in a conventional biofiltration filter media (gravel over sand). Both the individual gravel layer and the overall multi-filter were highly efficient at removing suspended solids and particulate-associated pollutants. This removal efficiency was consistent, even as the filters became clogged. Removal of dissolved nutrients was more variable, with little reduction in concentrations overall. Although preliminary, these results challenge the concept that increased detention time improves the treatment performance of stormwater filtration systems.
Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase Phosphorylates Merlin at Serine 518 Independently of p21-activated Kinase and Promotes Merlin-Ezrin Heterodimerization (2004)

Mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene encoding merlin induce the development of tumors of the nervous system. Merlin is highly homologous to the ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) family of membrane/cytoskeleton linker proteins. However, the mechanism for the tumor suppressing activity of merlin is not well understood. Previously, we characterized a novel role for merlin as a protein kinase A (PKA)-anchoring protein, which links merlin to the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. In this study we show that merlin is also a target for PKA-induced phosphorylation. In vitro [gamma-(33)P]ATP labeling revealed that both the merlin N and C termini are phosphorylated by PKA. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation studies of the wild-type and mutated C termini demonstrated that PKA can phosphorylate merlin at serine 518, a site that is phosphorylated also by p21-activated kinases (PAKs). Merlin was phosphorylated by PKA in cells in which PAK activity was suppressed, indicating that the two kinases function independently. Both in vitro and in vivo interaction studies indicated that phosphorylation of serine 518 promotes heterodimerization between merlin and ezrin, an event suggested to convert merlin from a growth-suppressive to a growth-permissive state. This study provides further evidence on the connection between merlin and cAMP/PKA signaling and suggests a role for merlin in the cAMP/PKA transduction pathway.
The Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobial Peptides: Lipid Vesicles vs. Bacteria (2012)

OPINION article Front. Immunol., 02 August 2012Sec. Molecular Innate Immunity Volume 3 - 2012 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00236