gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and its Inflammatory Ligands are Upregulated in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder of largely unknown pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest that enhanced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation contribute to the progression of the disease. Mounting evidence implicates the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) as a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of certain neurodegenerative diseases and chronic conditions. It is hypothesized that detrimental actions of RAGE are triggered upon binding to its ligands, such as AGEs (advanced glycation end products), S100/calgranulin family members, and High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) proteins. Here, we examined the expression of RAGE and its ligands in human ALS spinal cord. Tissue samples from age-matched human control and ALS spinal cords were tested for the expression of RAGE, carboxymethyllysine (CML) AGE, S100B, and HMGB1, and intensity of the immunofluorescent and immunoblotting signals was assessed. We found that the expression of both RAGE and its ligands was significantly increased in the spinal cords of ALS patients versus age-matched control subjects. Our study is the first report describing co-expression of both RAGE and its ligands in human ALS spinal cords. These findings suggest that further probing of RAGE as a mechanism of neurodegeneration in human ALS is rational.
Tools for implementing network protocols (1989)

Abstract This paper describes two software tools—a message manager and a map manager—used to implement network protocols. The tools are provided as part of the x‐kernel, an operating system kernel designed to support the construction and composition of protocols. For each tool, we briefly motivate the network task that needs to be done, give a high‐level specification of the tool, outline the algorithms and data structures used to implement the tool and give concrete examples of how the tool is used to implement real protocols. We also demonstrate how the tools, even though they are designed for general use, perform efficiently.
All-Printed Organic TFT Backplanes for Flexible Electronic Paper (2011)

ppi, 160 ppi and 200 ppi all-printed organic thin film transistor (OTFT) backplanes were fabricated by a surface energy controlled ink-jet printing and several printing methods on plastic substrate. We developed the surface energy controlled ink-jet printing with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on a novel polyimide film for high-resolution electrode patterning. Minimum line width was 15 μm and minimum space between two electrodes was 2 μm respectively. A 200 ppi all-printed OTFT backplane with a channel length of 5 μm showed high mobility over 0.1 cm 2 /Vs with small-molecule organic semiconductor (OSC). To show the scaling capability, we have also fabricated a 300 ppi all-printed OTFT array on plastic substrate. Flexible electrophoretic displays (EPDs) driven by 80 ppi, 160 ppi and 200 ppi all-printed OTFT backplanes were also successfully demonstrated.
Virtual Welder Trainer (2009)

The goal of this project is to develop a training system that can simulate the welding process in real-time and give feedback that avoids learning wrong motion patterns for beginning welders and can be used to analyze the process by the teacher afterwards. The system is based mainly on COTS components. A standard PC with a Dual-core CPU and a medium-end nVidia graphics card is sufficient. Input is done with a regular welding gun to allow realistic training. The gun is tracked by an OptiTrack system with 3 FLEX:V100 cameras. The same is also used to track a regular welding helmet to get accurate eye positions for display, which was chosen over glasses for robustness. The display itself is a Zalman Trimon stereo monitor that is laid out horizontally. The software is designed around a main simulation component for solving heat conduction on a grid of simulation points based on local GaussSeidel elimination.
Developmental disruptions in neural connectivity in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (2008)

Schizophrenia has been thought of as a disorder of reduced functional and structural connectivity. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, structural magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and small animal imaging have advanced our ability to investigate this hypothesis. Moreover, the power of longitudinal designs possible with these noninvasive techniques enable the study of not just how connectivity is disrupted in schizophrenia, but when this disruption emerges during development. This article reviews genetic and neurodevelopmental influences on structural and functional connectivity in human populations with or at risk for schizophrenia and in animal models of the disorder. We conclude that the weight of evidence across these diverse lines of inquiry points to a developmental disruption of neural connectivity in schizophrenia and that this disrupted connectivity likely involves susceptibility genes that affect processes involved in establishing intra- and interregional connectivity.
Giving families a voice (2007)

All settings should offer the local community vital services, but what should you offer? At Links Childrens Centre they have put the family first with its award-winning forum, as Sam Severe explains.
System partitioning in a cellular network (2002)

As the demand for cellular service increases, service providers deploy multiple mobile switching centers (MSCs) in order to handle the increased traffic. In such a scenario, to determine the maximum benefit from the network the inter-MSC boundaries must be defined to minimize the networking overheads. In this article we provide an optimization algorithm for defining these boundaries. Our experiments show that partitions generated using our algorithm have up to 30% more call carrying capacity than the ones generated by other means.
Lane mark detection using Hough transform (2012)

A lane mark detection system is a driver assistance tool that automatically recognizes the lane mark painted on the road and the lane that he is travelling in. Such a system can warn the driver when has the tendency to move out from the lane, without being aware of it. This kind of system is a part of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), systems that has the goal to improve road safety. In this paper we propose an algorithm that automatically emphasizes the lane marks and recognizes them from digital images, by the use of Hough transform.
Fast traffic sign detection and recognition under changing lighting conditions (2006)

In this work a system for traffic-sign detection and classification is shown. It is intended for both prohibition and obligation circular signs and for advertising triangular ones. The system is divided into three stages: first, detection, using the Hough transform from the information of the edges of the image; second, classification, using a neural network, and third, tracking, making use of a Kalman filter, which provides the system with memory. Some results are presented, obtained by real images recorded by only one camera placed on board a conventional vehicle, in sunny days, and also cloudy, rainy ones or at night, in order to show the reliability and robustness of the system. The average processing time is 30 ms per frame, what makes the system a good approach to work in real time conditions
Sediment grain-size control on gas hydrate presence, Sites 994, 995, and 997 (2000)

This research was designed to check the assumption of the grain-size control on a gas hydrate presence in the Blake Ridge sediments; the assumption had originated from the data gained at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 533, Granulometric analysis (the combined pipette-sieve method) of the 345 sediment samples obtained after pore-water squeezing from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 994, 995, and 997 has provided support for this assumption. The zone of negative anomalies of pore-water chlorinity, which is generally recognized to be gas hydrate bearing, is confined, as a whole, to the interval of comparatively coarse-grained sediments in each of the three site columns because content of the fine fractions <0.05, <0.01, <0.005, and <0.001 mm is lower there (although the character of this control changes from site to site). The individual chlorinity anomalies also coincide, for the most part, with relatively coarse-grained sediments.
A U.S. Research Roadmap for Human Computation (2015)

The Web has made it possible to harness human cognition en masse to achieve new capabilities. Some of these successes are well known; for example Wikipedia has become the go-to place for basic information on all things; Duolingo engages millions of people in real-life translation of text, while simultaneously teaching them to speak foreign languages; and fold.it has enabled public-driven scientific discoveries by recasting complex biomedical challenges into popular online puzzle games. These and other early successes hint at the tremendous potential for future crowd-powered capabilities for the benefit of health, education, science, and society. In the process, a new field called Human Computation has emerged to better understand, replicate, and improve upon these successes through scientific research. Human Computation refers to the science that underlies online crowd-powered systems and was the topic of a recent visioning activity in which a representative cross-section of researchers, industry practitioners, visionaries, funding agency representatives, and policy makers came together to understand what makes crowd-powered systems successful. Teams of experts considered past, present, and future human computation systems to explore which kinds of crowd-powered systems have the greatest potential for societal impact and which kinds of research will best enable the efficient development of new crowd-powered systems to achieve this impact. This report summarize the products and findings of those activities as well as the unconventional process and activities employed by the workshop, which were informed by human computation research.
Respiratory rate estimation via simultaneously tracking and segmentation (2010)

A novel strategy of simultaneously tracking and segmentation is proposed for human respiratory rate estimation from thermal infrared, which can be applicable to contact-free polygraphy, airport health screening and patient monitoring system. In this framework, by carefully selecting the adaptive observation model for the tracking template and taking the intensity variation pattern of breathing into account, we developed a tracker which is not only to track successfully the region of interest (ROI) which is subject to both physiological and abrupt motion change, but also to segment out the breathing flow region simultaneously, without increasing any large extra computation. The experimental result demonstrated both its stability in tracking and accuracy improvement in recovery of the temperature profile on breathing, compared with other trackers without involvement of segmentation. Besides estimating respiratory rate, the proposed algorithm can be also utilized for any applications regarding the automatic detection and tracking of pixels experiencing periodic intensity variation.
Deep Tracking: Seeing Beyond Seeing Using Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

This paper presents to the best of our knowledge the first end-to-end object tracking approach which directly maps from raw sensor input to object tracks in sensor space without requiring any feature engineering or system identification in the form of plant or sensor models. Specifically, our system accepts a stream of raw sensor data at one end and, in real-time, produces an estimate of the entire environment state at the output including even occluded objects. We achieve this by framing the problem as a deep learning task and exploit sequence models in the form of recurrent neural networks to learn a mapping from sensor measurements to object tracks. In particular, we propose a learning method based on a form of input dropout which allows learning in an unsupervised manner, only based on raw, occluded sensor data without access to ground-truth annotations. We demonstrate our approach using a synthetic dataset designed to mimic the task of tracking objects in 2D laser data — as commonly encountered in robotics applications — and show that it learns to track many dynamic objects despite occlusions and the presence of sensor noise.
Japanese CELRAP laser fabrication: optimized Czochralski growth conditions and fundamental properties of Ho/sup 3+/ doped Lu/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ crystals (2002)

The optimum Czochralski growth conditions of Ho/sup 3+/ doped Lu/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ laser crystals are experimentally verified. The effective distribution coefficient of Ho/sup 3+/, and some optical (fluorescence and absorption spectra) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity) of the crystal are measured.
Sacrificial electron donor reagents for solar fuel production (2016)

Although justly considered as a cumbersome component in artificial photosystems, these simple molecules are a “necessary evil” to drive photo-induced reactions aiming at producing high added value molecules by photo-induced reduction of low energy value substrates. This review first presents the specifications of sacrificial electron donors. Then the various families of sacrificial donors used from the early 1970s to nowadays are reviewed, such as aliphatic and aromatic amines, benzyl-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH), dimethylphenylbenzimidazoline (BIH), ascorbic acid, oxalate and finally thiols. Experimental conditions (pH, solvent) are immensely versatile but important trends are given for adequate operation of a three-component system. Although literature abounds with various, very different artificial photosystems, we will realize that virtually the same sacrificial donors are used over and over again.
Diffusible retinal secretions regulate the expression of tight junctions and other diverse functions of the retinal pigment epithelium. (2008)

Gene expression in primary cultures of embryonic RPE resembled the native tissue, but differentiation and the levels of gene expression became more in vivo-like when elements of the retinal environment were introduced into the medium bathing the apical side of the cultures. Albeit insufficient, retinal secretions promoted differentiation of immature RPE and helped maintain the properties of more mature RPE.
The first season of excavations at Clacton‐on‐Sea, Essex, England: A brief report (1970)

Abstract Preliminary excavations at Clacton‐on‐Sea, Essex, England, have revealed a gravel beach on the lee side of a sharp meander of a subsidiary river channel. Flint artefacts, typical of the Clactonian Industry, have been found in situ on this beach, mainly in mint condition. Associated with them are some faunal remains. This subsidiary channel, on the evidence of a series of borings, cuts into a major river channel about 160 m. wide, which had previously silted up with a fine, shelly sand. Marl eventually filled the subsidiary channel, burying the gravel beach. A few mint artefacts in this marl represent a later stage in the Clactonian, which may equate with the top of the freshwater beds found in the 1950 boring by Pike and Godwin, and dated to Zone IID of the Hoxnian Interglacial.
Diaphragmatic dysfunction in sepsis due to severe acute pancreatitis complicated by intra-abdominal hypertension (2018)

Objective This study aimed to examine the mechanism of diaphragmatic dysfunction in sepsis due to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) in a rat model. Methods The rats were assigned at random to four groups: (1) control (n = 5), (2) SAP (n = 5), (3) SAP+IAH (n = 5), and (4) SAP+IAH+SS-31 (n = 5). Length and force output of the diaphragm were analysed in vivo. Histopathological examinations were performed by haematoxylin-eosin. Oxidative stress levels related to protease in diaphragmatic mitochondria were detected with a colorimetric technique. Results In the septic rat model due to SAP complicated by IAH, myofibres were increased. Muscle contractile function was significantly lower in the SAP+IAH group compared with the SAP and control groups. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly lower and malondialdehyde levels were higher in the SAP and SAP+IAH groups compared with the control group. Notably, SS-31 could reverse atrophy of myofibres in SAP+IAH rats, as well as contractile dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction in the diaphragm. Conclusions Diaphragmatic structure and biomechanics are altered in septic rats due to SAP and IAH. This finding is mainly due to an increase in release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.
A feedforward system for dynamic equalization of a chirped laser source suitable For photonic analog-to-digital conversion (2009)

In this work we present a method for improving the uniformity of the optical spectrum or the temporal intensity profile of a quasi-CW, linearly chirped laser source covering the time interval between subsequent pulses. A novel laser cavity design, referred to as the Theta (Θ) cavity, provides linearly chirped pulses directly from the laser oscillator that having non-uniform optical spectrum, that is mapped into the temporal intensity profile of the pulse, due to the frequency-to-time mapping nature of this cavity design. The system developed in this work has been designed to improve the spectral and temporal intensity profile of lasers for photonic signal processing. A fiberized feed-forward system is implemented to reduce variations in the temporal intensity profile, or the optical spectrum due to the time-to-frequency mapping, input to the system. In the feedforward scheme presented, the quasi-CW pulse train generated from the laser is split and part of it is photodetected, while the electrical signal generated alters the transmittance of the second part of the input as it goes through an amplitude modulator, resulting in increase in the uniformity of the signal. The contrast of the optical spectrum of a chirped pulse at input to the system is improved from 51% to 16%, or 3.1 times.
Multi-contingency preprocessing for security assessment using physical concepts and CQR with classifications (1993)

A new method for preprocessing the outage lists for an expert system for security assessment of power systems is presented. This method uses disturbing capability, structure and location classifications and combining qualitative reasoning (CQR) with classifications (CQRC). Because this method avoids the traditional enumerative methods such as automatic contingency selection, the number of contingencies can be reduced very sharply with heuristic common sense and rules of CQRC before numerical computing. Therefore the double contingency problem or extremely heavy cost of computing can be tackled successfully. The proposed method along with an automatic contingency analysis and classification technique can assess the classified contingencies with basic physical concepts and without network simplification, minimize the number of missing harmful contingencies efficiently and give a clear accurate output.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electromechanical Activation Time in the Prediction of Discharge Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Heart Failure Syndrome (2010)

EMAT measured during the hospitalization course is useful in the prediction of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AHFS independent of left ventricular ejection fraction, E/E´, and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.
Formation of 4-nitrocyclohexa-2,5-dienols by addition of organolithium reagents to 4-alkyl-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,5-dienones (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of 4-nitrocyclohexa-2,5-dienols by addition of organolithium reagents to 4-alkyl-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,5-dienonesAlfred Fischer and S. SankararamanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 20, 4464–4468Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00229a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (677 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
On the Trail of a Cereal Killer: Exploring the Biology of<i>Magnaporthe grisea</i> (2003)

The blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea causes a serious disease on a wide variety of grasses including rice, wheat, and barley. Rice blast is the most serious disease of cultivated rice and therefore poses a threat to the world's most important food security crop. Here, I review recent progress toward understanding the molecular biology of plant infection by M. grisea, which involves development of a specialized cell, the appressorium. This dome-shaped cell generates enormous turgor pressure and physical force, allowing the fungus to breach the host cuticle and invade plant tissue. The review also considers the role of avirulence genes in M. grisea and the mechanisms by which resistant rice cultivars are able to perceive the fungus and defend themselves. Finally, the likely mechanisms that promote genetic diversity in M. grisea and our current understanding of the population structure of the blast fungus are evaluated.
Pigment-based tricolor ink particles via mini-emulsion polymerization for chromatic electrophoretic displays (2010)

The identification of chromatic ink particles with characteristics of good light stability, bright color, narrow distribution and high surface charge density is important. In this paper, the preparation of pigment-based RGB tricolor ink particles via mini-emulsion polymerization is reported. Narrow distributed pigment-based ink particles are obtained with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate. Their large surface charge quantity is confirmed by zeta potential values in the range of −40–−50 mV. The hues of all the ink particles are consistent with their corresponding pigments after coating with polystyrene, according to the diffuse reflectance spectra measurements. In the artificial accelerated aging test (UV radiation exposure for 56 h), the as-prepared samples present good UV light durability, especially compared with the current dye-based ink particles. Finally, a chromatic electrophoretic display cell consisting of tricolor subunits is successfully fabricated using dispersions of RGB ink particles in a mixed dielectric solvent with white particles as contrast.