gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor eRF3 is an eRF1- and ribosome-dependent guanosine triphosphatase. (1996)

Termination of translation in eukaryotes is governed by two polypeptide chain release factors, eRF1 and eRF3 on the ribosome. eRF1 promotes stop-codon-dependent hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA, and eRF3 interacts with eRF1 and stimulates eRF1 activity in the presence of GTP. Here, we have demonstrated that eRF3 is a GTP-binding protein endowed with a negligible, if any, intrinsic GTPase activity that is profoundly stimulated by the joint action of eRF1 and the ribosome. Separately, neither eRF1 nor the ribosome display this effect. Thus, eRF3 functions as a GTPase in the quaternary complex with ribosome, eRF1, and GTP. From the in vitro uncoupling of the peptidyl-tRNA and GTP hydrolyses achieved in this work, we conclude that in ribosomes both hydrolytic reactions are mediated by the formation of the ternary eRF1-eRF3-GTP complex. eRF1 and the ribosome form a composite GTPase-activating protein (GAP) as described for other G proteins. A dual role for the revealed GTPase complex is proposed: in " GTP state," it controls the positioning of eRF1 toward stop codon and peptidyl-tRNA, whereas in "GDP state," it promotes release of eRFs from the ribosome. The initiation, elongation, and termination steps of protein synthesis seem to be similar with respect to GTPase cycles.
Dopaminergic modulation of long‐lasting direct current‐induced cortical excitability changes in the human motor cortex (2006)

Dopaminergic mechanisms participate in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent neuroplasticity, as animal experiments have shown. This may be similar in humans, where dopamine influences learning and memory. We tested the role of dopamine in human cortical neuroplasticity. Changes of excitability were induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). D2 receptor blocking by sulpiride abolished the induction of after-effects nearly completely. D1 activation alone in the presence of D2 receptor blocking induced by co-administration of sulpiride and pergolide did not re-establish the excitability changes induced by tDCS. This suggests that D2 receptors play a major supporting role in inducing neuroplasticity in the human motor cortex. Enhancement of D2 and, to a lesser degree, D1 receptors by pergolide consolidated tDCS-generated excitability diminution until the morning after stimulation. The readiest explanation for this pattern of results is that D2 receptor activation has a consolidation-enhancing effect on tDCS-induced changes of excitability in the human cortex. The results of this study underscore the importance of the dopaminergic system for human neuroplasticity, suggest a first pharmacological add-on mechanism to prolong the excitability-diminishing effects of cathodal tDCS for up to 24 h after stimulation, and thus render the application of tDCS practicable in diseases displaying enhanced cortical excitability, e.g. migraine and epilepsy.
Transient enhanced diffusion without {311} defects in low energy B+-implanted silicon (1995)

Low energy and low dose B+-implanted Si has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Czochralski-grown (100) Si wafers were implanted with 4 keV B+ to a dose of 1×1014/cm2. Subsequently, anneals were performed between 700 and 800 °C for times between 15 s and 8 h in an ambient atmosphere of N2. SIMS results show transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of the boron that saturates in less than 15 min for all annealing temperatures studied. TED results in an increase in the junction depth by at least 60 nm at a 1×1016/cm3 concentration. TEM studies show that, even for the shortest times before TED is observed, {311} defects are not detected. These results imply that there may be more than one source of interstitials for TED.
Reconfigurable electronics remote lab from the experiments and instruments point of view (2012)

A new model for building and measuring analog electronic circuits has been developed and validated in the area of remote laboratories. The goal of the proposed solution is to facilitate and improve the set-up, maintenance and update of the hardware used during the configuration, control and measurement of the instruments and experiments included in the lab. The experimental setup does not reduce the performance of the lab, allowing the users to carry out the same actions and activities as they were in a hands-on laboratory. Therefore, thanks to this new paradigm users can practice through Internet and transparently to the hardware that makes possible the remote configuration of the experiments obtaining the same results as in a hands-on lab.
Twin-probe scanning tunneling microscope (1991)

Probes having two mechanically fixed, electrically independent tips were proposed (‘‘twin probes’’). A control system and mechanism for STM with a twin probe has been designed and fabricated. Two types of twin probes are fabricated. The first had Pt-Ir tips with 1.5 mm distance between the tips. The other had tungsten tips with 0.1 μm distance. Since the lengths of the two tips are not equal, the system controls not only the distance between the probe and the sample surface but also the angle between the probes and the sample to allow detection of tunneling currents with both tips of the probe at the same time. The sum of the tunneling currents is used to control the height of the probe and the difference between currents is used to control the angle of the sample. Using this system with the Pt-Ir probe, two independent images of graphite atoms from one sample were simultaneously obtained.
Electrochemical and spectral investigations of ring-substituted bipyridine complexes of ruthenium (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical and spectral investigations of ring-substituted bipyridine complexes of rutheniumC. Michael Elliott and Elise J. HershenhartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 26, 7519–7526Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00390a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00390a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2280Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Temperature on the Survival<i>in vitro</i>of Rabbit Spermatozoa Obtained From the<i>Vas Deferens</i> (1930)

ABSTRACT A technique is described for the investigation of in vitro problems with spermatozoa removed from the vas deferens of the rabbit. The method involves the protection of the spermatozoa by means of liquid paraffin from evaporation or rapid gaseous exchange. The survival of functional integrity (fertilising capacity) has been shown to be a function of temperature and the effect of temperature has been studied over the range from 45° C. to 0° C. Above body temperature the spermatozoa are rapidly destroyed. At body temperature (40° C.) maximal survival is about 13 hours. As the temperature is lowered survival becomes increasingly prolonged until a maximum of 7 days is reached at 15° C. The curve over the range from 15° C. to 40° C. is only approximately exponential and it is doubtful whether an analogy can be drawn between the effect of temperature on the velocity with which the spermatozoa are destroyed, and the effect of temperature on the velocity of many biological reactions which follow approximately the van’t Hoff and Arrhenius equations. Below the optimum temperature (10°-15° C.) the velocity of destruction is accelerated by fall of temperature. The sex-ratio of the resulting offspring is not significantly altered by keeping the spermatozoa outside the body.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrafast Cleavage and Deprotection of Oligonucleotides. Synthesis and Use of C<sup>Ac</sup> Derivatives (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Local delivery of reporter gene to the cochlea does not spread to brain tissue in an animal model (2010)

The patterns of the fluorescent signals with red and green filters were compared to identify the GFP signals in the brain tissue. GFP reporter gene expression was not detected in any examined brain region in any of the animals.
Coated optical fibers for high-strength fusion splices (1984)

Suitable fiber-coated structures and a practical splice technique which are superior in both long-term reliability and splice operation efficiency in the field are required. A splice technique without using any dangerous chemical acids to remove the primary coat and coated fiber structures are proposed in this paper. With these techniques, an average strength of 0.88 GPa for bare fusion spliced fibers is obtained in the field, which is more than double the value compared with the average strength of 0.4 GPa obtained by the conventional splicing technique, which is used practically in the field. In addition, the splice time decreases to about one-third of the conventional splice time. The splice operation efficiency improvement is recognized for not only coated mono-fibers but for fiber ribbons.
Colloid-Chemical Studies on the Coagulation of Polyvinyl Emulsions by Electrolytes (1960)

各種乳化剤を用いて乳化重合して得られたポリ酢酸ビニル, ポリスチレン, ポリアクリルエステルなどのエマルジョンの凝析と電気泳動の実験を平行して行ない, エマルジョン粒子が一般に親水性と疎水性との中間の性質をもつことを明らかにした。次にエマルジョンの凝析過程を電気泳動で追跡し, 凝析の機構についての知見を得た。
Replication of a macrophage-tropic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a hybrid cell line, CEMx174, suggests that cellular accessory molecules are required for HIV-1 entry (1993)

To investigate the mechanism underlying one aspect of the cellular tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we used a macrophage-tropic isolate, 89.6, and screened its ability to infect a number of continuous cell lines. HIV-1 (89.6) was able to replicate robustly in a T-cell/B-cell hybrid line, CEMx174, while it replicated modestly or not at all in either of its parents, one of which is the CD4-positive line CEM.3. Analysis by transfection of a molecular clone, a virus uptake assay, and polymerase chain reaction all provided strong evidence that the block to HIV-1(89.6) replication in the CEM.3 line lies at the level of cellular entry. These results were complemented by preparing a CD4-expressing derivative of the B-cell parent, 721.174, and demonstrating that it is permissive for productive HIV-1(89.6) replication. Given these experimental findings, we speculate that there exist cellular accessory factors which facilitate virus entry and infection in CD4-positive cells. Furthermore, these cellular accessory factors may be quite virus strain specific, since not all macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1 were able to replicate in the CEMx174 hybrid cell line. This experimental model provides a system for the identification of one or more of these putative cellular accessory factors.
Micropower wireless sensors (2006)

This paper describes circuit architectures and techniques to meet the specialized requirements of energyautonomous micro-sensor nodes. We address the fundamental components, namely the ADC, DSP, and radio, at the node-level to isolate important optimizations and functions. Using prototyped implementations, low energy and power-aware circuits are presented. These, state-of-the-art techniques demonstrate that practical self-powered nodes are possible.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of ROCK2 Suppresses Amyloid-β Production in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and has no cure. Genetic, cell biological, and biochemical studies suggest that reducing amyloid-β (Aβ) production may serve as a rational therapeutic avenue to delay or prevent AD progression. Inhibition of RhoA, a Rho GTPase family member, is proposed to curb Aβ production. However, a barrier to this hypothesis has been the limited understanding of how the principal downstream effectors of RhoA, Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) 1 and ROCK2, modulate Aβ generation. Here, we report that ROCK1 knockdown increased endogenous human Aβ production, whereas ROCK2 knockdown decreased Aβ levels. Inhibition of ROCK2 kinase activity, using an isoform-selective small molecule (SR3677), suppressed β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) enzymatic action and diminished production of Aβ in AD mouse brain. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analyses revealed that SR3677 alters BACE1 endocytic distribution and promotes amyloid precursor protein (APP) traffic to lysosomes. Moreover, SR3677 blocked ROCK2 phosphorylation of APP at threonine 654 (T654); in neurons, T654 was critical for APP processing to Aβ. These observations suggest that ROCK2 inhibition reduces Aβ levels through independent mechanisms. Finally, ROCK2 protein levels were increased in asymptomatic AD, mild cognitive impairment, and AD brains, demonstrating that ROCK2 levels change in the earliest stages of AD and remain elevated throughout disease progression. Collectively, these findings highlight ROCK2 as a mechanism-based therapeutic target to combat Aβ production in AD.
Probing the Functions of the Paramyxovirus Glycoproteins F and HN with a Panel of Synthetic Antibodies (2014)

Paramyxoviruses are enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses that are significant human and animal pathogens. Most paramyxoviruses infect host cells via the concerted action of a tetrameric attachment protein (variously called HN, H, or G) that binds either sialic acid or protein receptors on target cells and a trimeric fusion protein (F) that merges the viral envelope with the plasma membrane at neutral pH. F initially folds to a metastable prefusion conformation that becomes activated via a cleavage event during cellular trafficking. Upon receptor binding, the attachment protein, which consists of a globular head anchored to the membrane via a helical tetrameric stalk, triggers a major conformation change in F which results in fusion of virus and host cell membranes. We recently proposed a model for F activation in which the attachment protein head domains move following receptor binding to expose HN stalk residues critical for triggering F. To test the model in the context of wild-type viral glycoproteins, we used a restricted-diversity combinatorial Fab library and phage display to rapidly generate synthetic antibodies (sAbs) against multiple domains of the paramyxovirus parainfluenza 5 (PIV5) pre- and postfusion F and HN. As predicted by the model, sAbs that bind to the critical F-triggering region of the HN stalk do not disrupt receptor binding or neuraminidase (NA) activity but are potent inhibitors of fusion. An inhibitory prefusion F-specific sAb recognized a quaternary antigenic site and may inhibit fusion by preventing F refolding or by blocking the F-HN interaction. Importance: The paramyxovirus family of negative-strand RNA viruses cause significant disease in humans and animals. The viruses bind to cells via their receptor binding protein and then enter cells by fusion of their envelope with the host cell plasma membrane, a process mediated by a metastable viral fusion (F) protein. To understand the steps in viral membrane fusion, a library of synthetic antibodies to F protein and the receptor binding protein was generated in bacteriophage. These antibodies bound to different regions of the F protein and the receptor binding protein, and the location of antibody binding affected different processes in viral entry into cells.
Review (1997)

We review here advances in the selectively infective phage (SIP) technology, a novel method for the in vivo selection of interacting protein-ligand pairs. A 'selectively infective phage' consists of two components, a filamentous phage particle made non-infective by replacing its N-terminal domains of gene3 protein (g3p) with a ligand-binding protein, and an 'adapter' molecule in which the ligand is linked to those N-terminal domains of g3p which are missing from the phage particle. Infectivity is restored when the displayed protein binds the ligand and thereby attaches the missing N-terminal domains of g3p to the phage particle. Phage propagation becomes strictly dependent on the protein-ligand interaction. This method shows promise both in the area of library screening and in the optimization of peptides or proteins.
Function and role of voltage-gated sodium channel Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 expressed in aortic smooth muscle cells (2008)

Voltage-gated Na(+) channel currents (I(Na)) are expressed in several types of smooth muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of I(Na), its functional role, pathophysiology in cultured human (hASMCs) and rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (rASMCs), and its association with vascular intimal hyperplasia. In whole cell voltage clamp, I(Na) was observed at potential positive to -40 mV, was blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), and replacing extracellular Na(+) with N-methyl-d-glucamine in cultured hASMCs. In contrast to native aorta, cultured hASMCs strongly expressed SCN9A encoding Na(V)1.7, as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. I(Na) was abolished by the treatment with SCN9A small-interfering (si)RNA (P < 0.01). TTX and SCN9A siRNA significantly inhibited cell migration (P < 0.01, respectively) and horseradish peroxidase uptake (P < 0.01, respectively). TTX also significantly reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 6 and 12 h after the treatment (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). However, neither TTX nor siRNA had any effect on cell proliferation. L-type Ca(2+) channel current was recorded, and I(Na) was not observed in freshly isolated rASMCs, whereas TTX-sensitive I(Na) was recorded in cultured rASMCs. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining for Na(V)1.7 revealed the prominent expression of SCN9A in cultured rASMCs and aorta 48 h after balloon injury but not in native aorta. In conclusion, these studies show that I(Na) is expressed in cultured and diseased conditions but not in normal aorta. The Na(V)1.7 plays an important role in cell migration, endocytosis, and secretion. Na(V)1.7 is also expressed in aorta after balloon injury, suggesting a potential role for Na(V)1.7 in the progression of intimal hyperplasia.
Structure of a signal transduction regulator, RACK1, from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2008)

The receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) is a highly conserved WD40 repeat scaffold protein found in a wide range of eukaryotic species from Chlamydymonas to plants and humans. In tissues of higher mammals, RACK1 is ubiquitously expressed and has been implicated in diverse signaling pathways involving neuropathology, cellular stress, protein translation, and developmental processes. RACK1 has established itself as a scaffold protein through physical interaction with a myriad of signaling proteins ranging from kinases, phosphatases, ion channels, membrane receptors, G proteins, IP3 receptor, and with widely conserved structural proteins associated with the ribosome. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, RACK1A is implicated in diverse developmental and environmental stress pathways. Despite the functional conservation of RACK1-mediated protein-protein interaction-regulated signaling modes, the structural basis of such interactions is largely unknown. Here we present the first crystal structure of a RACK1 protein, RACK1 isoform A from Arabidopsis thaliana, at 2.4 A resolution, as a C-terminal fusion of the maltose binding protein. The structure implicates highly conserved surface residues that could play critical roles in protein-protein interactions and reveals the surface location of proposed post-transcriptionally modified residues. The availability of this structure provides a structural basis for dissecting RACK1-mediated cellular signaling mechanisms in both plants and animals.
EasyMall - An Interactive Virtual Shopping System (2008)

Nowadays, most e-Commerce platforms only provide users simple, 2D image-based and text-based interfaces to access the products. Such kind of tedious environment neither makes consumers enjoy fun during purchase, nor provides real-time personalized services according to different personal attributes and actual shopping behaviors of consumers on base of assisting both of buyers and vendors. In this paper a general framework of VRML-based virtual shopping mall (EasyMall) is presented. We stress comprehensively analyzing customers' personal information, special demands, shopping behaviors and related historical records recorded by the Virtual shopping mall system, as well as the matching state of the consumer groups derived from the historical data of consumers' shopping behaviors by applying data mining technology and then construct a marketing decision model for EasyMall droved by multi-factor. In the end, we present how to employ intelligent agent technology based on above marketing decision model to interactively provide consumers a good purchase guidance service.
The Formation of Nano-Dot and Nano-Ring Structures in Colloidal Monolayer Lithography (1997)

Monolayers of colloidal particles formed in a self-organizing process upon drying of a colloidal suspension are used as lithographic masks. After deposition of a thin metal layer, the mask is detached from the surface. The resulting surface is examined with optical, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopes. In addition to the well-known triangular structures, which reflect the gaps in the hexagonal arrangement of the particles, we observed the following additional features: hillocks (nano-dots) found just below and nano-rings found around the original location of the particles. These features may develop during detachment (hillocks) and formation (rings) of the mask, respectively. Hillocks develop as a consequence of the adhesion of the particles on the surface, whereas rings are formed from organic residuals in the suspension. We show that these features can be used to fabricate fluorescent dye rings of submicron size.