gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Peak-finding Algorithm on Acquisition of Weak GPS Signals (2006)

GPS is the system combined CDMA technique and trilateration to obtain precision position information. The main goal of this paper is design of high-sensitivity receiver on acquisition of weak GPS signals. A new peak-finding algorithm is developed to search the C/A code phase in the FFT-based correlation domain. This method can estimate the peak location accurately and provides a faster performance in the software-based signal acquisition. The integration time deciding algorithm is also utilized to enhance the capability of waveform search under indoor environments. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can acquire the GPS signal efficiently under the power level of-155 dBm in frequency domain processing.
GaAs light-emitting diodes fabricated on Ge-coated Si substrates (1984)

Light-emitting diodes have been fabricated in GaAs grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on vapor-deposited epitaxial Ge films on Si substrates. The light-emitting junction was formed by zinc diffusion into the n-type GaAs layer. Room-temperature light emission centered at 872 nm has been observed.
Multi-Disciplinary Simulation of Piezoelectric Driven Microfluidic Inkjet (2009)

Piezoelectric inkjet technology is critical to documentation, graphic arts and manufacturing applications. Physical modeling plays an essential role in the development of this technology. In this paper, we present a comprehensive, multi-level, inter-disciplinary simulation approach for piezoelectric inkjet design. This includes a high-fidelity, inter-disciplinary detailed simulation method for architecture investigation, and a much faster reduced-order modeling approach that enables interactive design of voltage waveforms. Simulation results are compared with experimental data. The multi-level inter-disciplinary simulation methodology presented here can be applied to designing MEMS and microfluidic devices and systems [1].
Antibiotic microbial assay using kinetic-reading microplate system (2011)

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal experimental conditions to develop a methodology for microbiological assay of apramycin employing microplate and kinetic reading mode, and to validate the developed method, through evaluation of parameters of selectivity, linearity, linear range, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy and precision. The turbidimetric assay principle is simple: the test solution is added to a suspension of test microorganism in culture media, the mixture is incubated under appropriate conditions and the microbial growth is measured by photometric reading. Microplate with kinetic reading mode employed in antibiotic assay is of considerable interest since it allows reduction of material and analysis time and enables a large number of samples to be analyzed simultaneously, with automated reading and calculating. Established conditions considered the standard-curve of apramycin at concentrations from 5.0 to 35.0 μg mL-1, and tryptic soy broth inoculated with 5% Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) suspension. Satisfactory results were obtained with 2 hours of incubation. The developed method showed appropriate selectivity, linearity in the range from 5.0 to 35.0 μg mL-1, limits of detection and quantification of 0.1 and 0.4 μg mL-1, respectively, as well as satisfactory accuracy (recuperation = 98.5%) and precision (RSD = 6.0%). Microplate assay combined the characteristics of microbiological (evaluation of antibiotic activity against sensitive test microorganism) and physico-chemical (operationally straightforward and faster results) assays.
Mining the gap (2006)

Australia possesses nearly a quarter of the world's known recoverable uranium. With the price of uranium at a 15-year high, it's no wonderthe national government eagerly wants to ramp up production.
Treponema socranskii sp. nov., Treponema socranskii subsp. socranskii subsp. nov., Treponema socranskii subsp. buccale subsp. nov., and Treponema socranskii subsp. paredis subsp. nov. Isolated from the Human Periodontia (1984)

A new species, Treponema socranskii, and three new subspecies, T. socranskii subsp. socranskii, T. socranskii subsp. buccale, and T. socranskii subsp. paredis, which were isolated from supragingival and subgingival samples from patients with periodontitis and from patients with experimental gingivitis, are described. These organisms are treponemes that ferment carbohydrates and require rumen fluid or shortchain volatile fatty acids for growth. Fermentable carbohydrates are required as an energy source. The major products of fermentation are acetic, lactic, and succinic acids. Trace amounts of formic acid are also produced. The level of deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid homology within each subspecies is greater than 80%, whereas the level of homology between subspecies is about 60%. The average guanineplus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid is 51 ± 1 mol%. The type strain of T. socranskii is strain ATCC 35536 (= VPI DR56BRIII6); the type strain of T. socranskii subsp. buccale is strain ATCC 35534 (= VPI D2B8); and the type strain T. socranskii subsp. paredis is strain ATCC 35535 (= VPI D46CPE1).
Tunable Photonic Crystal Waveguide Coupler With Nematic Liquid Crystals (2004)

Photonic crystals (PCs) have great potential in applications for their ability to control lightwave propagation and the possibilities of implementing PC-based optical waveguide into waveguide coupler systems. In this letter, the novel tunable PC waveguide coupler based on nematic liquid crystals is proposed, and its coupling properties are numerically investigated by using the finite-difference time-domain method. The coupling length of PC waveguide couplers with liquid crystals is shorter than the coupling length of coupler without liquid crystals at the same input wavelength. The refractive indexes of liquid crystals can be changed by rotating the directors of liquid crystals. Then, we can control the direction of light propagation in PC waveguide coupler. These results may provide novel application of switching devices in optical circuits.
Coarse needle biopsy versus fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of focal lesions of the liver. Ultrasonically guided needle biopsy in suspected hepatic malignancy. (1983)

In 55 patients with ultrasonically demonstrated suspected hepatic malignancy, a fine needle aspiration biopsy and a coarse needle biopsy of the same focal lesion were performed under ultrasonic guidance. In 41 of 48 cases with proven malignancy, both biopsies were positive. In the remaining seven cases, only the fine needle aspiration biopsy yielded malignant cells. Tumor typing was possible in 2 primary and 33 metastatic tumors by examination of either the cytologic or the histologic specimen; an additional 6 metastatic tumors could be typed only by evaluation of the histologic specimen. Grading of six adenocarcinomas was performed with higher accuracy in the histologic than in the cytologic specimen. Exact determination of the primary site was not possible in metastatic tumors by use of either type of needle biopsy specimen. Since the less traumatic fine needle aspiration biopsy requires fewer prebiopsy precautions and has other advantages, the coarse needle biopsy should be restricted to the few cases in which the former does not yield sufficient information.
Quantitative assessment of small bowel motility by nonrigid registration of dynamic MR images (2012)

Evaluation of small bowel motility from two-dimensional dynamic MRI is of increasing interest for the assessment of segmental diseases such as Crohn's disease. We propose to use nonrigid image registration for automated motility analysis. Registration is particularly difficult when localized intensity changes occur (e.g., due to intraluminal flow or through-plane motion). Therefore, displacements were extracted using a joint registration and modeling of intensity changes. Results were analyzed in 10 patients with known or suspected Crohn's disease. Bowel wall displacements were assessed by tracking bowel cross-sectional markers over time. Automated tracking with the proposed technique was in good agreement with manual tracking (similar bias, improved standard deviations). The ability to quantify different grades of bowel motility was investigated by comparing direct motion measures (i.e., changes in bowel cross-sectional diameter or area) and various parametric maps, e.g., based on the Jacobian of the measured displacements with expert grading. Among these measures, the standard deviation over time of the Jacobian was the best at predicting grades from 1 (moving normally) to 4 (not moving at all) in 50 bowel regions with normal and pathologically reduced motility, yielding 93% correct classification with a 1-class tolerance (i.e., same score as the expert ± 1).
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation Based on Diastereomer Formation with New Fluorescent Chiral Quinoxalines (2005)

Two kinds of chiral 2,3-dimorpholinoquinoxalines bearing L-proline and N-bromoacetylproline residues at C-6 position were newly synthesized.The derivatization of (±)-naproxen, (±)-ibuprofen, and (±)-2-phenylpropionic acid with chiral quinoxalines afforded the diastereomers, which emitted an intense fluorescence.All the diastereomers were clearly separated within 16 min on reversed-phase (Finepak SIL C 18 S) HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector.The detection limit of the derivatized product was estimated to be 5 pmol/10mL injection volume at S/N=5.Further, the quantum yield of the diastereomer was estimated to be 0.052 by using the relative quantum yield measurement with anthracene as a standard.Numerous drugs have been developed and used for treatment of various diseases. 1Enantiomers that exist in two mirror-image forms show identical chemical and physical properties, except for the direction of rotation of polarized light.When enantiomers are administered as drugs, they sometimes show different activities, toxicities, and pharmacokinetic properties.One of representative examples is thalidomide; the sedative hypnotic effect is associated with the (R)-isomer and the teratogenic effect is associated with the (S)-isomer. 2 Taking into account this medicinal disaster, chiral separation is quite important for the purpose of the investigation of difference in biological effect and the establishment of the specification for drug marketing.High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been most widely used as a powerful tool for chiral analysis. 3Many fluorescent chiral derivatization reagents have been developed; 1-(4dansylaminophenyl)ethylamine (DAPEA), 4 2-[4-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl]-6-methoxybenzoxazole (AP-MB), 5 1-(4-dimethylamino-1-naphthyl)ethylamine (DANE), 6,7 2-tert-butyl-2-methyl-(1,3-benzodioxole-
Peptides with dual binding specificity for HLA-A2 and HLA-E are encoded by alternatively spliced isoforms of the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 5 (2009)

Peptides with dual binding specificity for classical HLA class I and non-classical HLA-E molecules have been identified in virus-encoded proteins, but not in cellular proteins from normal or neoplastic cells. Expression screening of a melanoma cDNA library with a CTL clone recognizing an HLA-A2-restricted tumor-specific epitope encoded by mutant peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5), a stress-inducible peroxidase, led to the identification of two alternatively spliced isoforms of the same gene. These isoforms, which lack the catalytic cysteine fundamental for enzymatic activity, showed widespread expression in neoplastic and normal tissues but were unstable at the protein level, being detectable, following transient transfection, only after lactacystin treatment to inhibit proteasomal degradation. Isoform-specific sequences which formed, respectively, as result of exon 1 splicing to either exon 3 or 4, encoded two distinct nonapeptides (AMAPIKTHL and AMAPIKVRL, not present in the full-length protein) with anchor residues for HLA-A2 and HLA-E molecules and able to stabilize HLA-A2 and HLA-E cell surface expression. HLA-E+ targets, loaded with these peptides, were not recognized by NK cells expressing CD94/NKG2A inhibitory or CD94/NKG2C activatory receptors. However, both peptides were recognized, although with low avidity, by HLA-E-restricted CD8+ CTL. The nonapeptide AMAPIKVRL was used to elicit HLA-A2-restricted CTL clones that killed peptide-pulsed lymphoblastoid cell lines and melanoma cells expressing the corresponding Prdx5 isoform. Our results suggest that alternatively spliced isoforms of Prdx5, through the generation of HLA-E- and HLA-A2-restricted peptides may be part of immune-mediated stress response contributing to the detection and elimination of damaged normal or neoplastic cells.
Noncoherent detection of pi /4-QPSK systems in a CCI-AWGN combined interference environment (2003)

The performance of pi /4-QPSK modems in a cochannel interference (CCI) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment is studied. Three differential detection models are described and modified to improve the BER (bit error rate) performance of the detector: (1) baseband differential detection, (2) IF (intermediate frequency) band differential detection, and (3) FM-discrimination detection. Computer simulation results show that, if optimal filter separation is used, the three differential detection schemes can achieve optimal performance for differential detection. The simulation results also show that, for a stationary environment without Rayleigh fading at 15-dB signal-to-interference ratio (CIR), the BER is only 1.3-dB degraded at P/sub e/=10/sup -2/ compared to an AWGN-only environment. If CIR decreases to 9 dB, however, the eye-diagram closes and an error floor of 10/sup -3/ occurs even without noise. The impact of random FM on differential detection is also studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation and characterization of silicon from rice hulls (2009)

High purity silica can be prepared by reflux raw rice hulls in 1 N HCl for 45 minutes first, then pyrolyzed at 650°C for 3 hours in O 2 atmosphere. The obtained white ash was examined by XRD showing a broad peak of amorphous silica at 2 theta = 22 degree. Silicon can be prepared by metallothermal reduction of pure silica at 650°C in Ar atmosphere for 1-3 hours, using magnesium (99% purity) as a reducing agent. High purity silicon (99.98 %) can be obtained by subsequently washing the as-reduced silica with HCl: H 2 O and HF: H2O solutions. The results from XRD patterns and Raman spectra indicated that the obtained brownish powder was polycrystalline silicon. The impurity concentrations in the silicon was analyzed by ICPAES. The morphology of the powder was revealed by SEM showing porosity due to acid leach.
Characterization of a-Si:H∕c-Si interfaces by effective-lifetime measurements (2005)

This article studies theoretically and experimentally the recombination at the amorphous/crystalline silicon interface of a heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) structure without metallization. We propose a physical model to calculate the interface recombination rate under illumination. This model calculates the effective lifetime τeff as a function of the average excess minority carrier concentration ⟨Δn⟩. In order to test the model, we prepared a set of HIT structures. The dependence of τeff vs ⟨Δn⟩ of the samples is measured using the quasi-steady-state photoconductance technique. By fitting our model to the experimental data, we determine the a-Si:H∕c-Si interface parameters and the doping density of the amorphous layer.
Errors associated with the design, calibration and application of piezoresistive stress sensors in (100) silicon (1994)

Successful application of piezoresistive sensors for stress measurement requires both properly designed sensors and accurately calibrated values of the piezoresistive coefficients as well as a knowledge of potential sources of error that may be encountered during sensor application. In this work, results of analyses of errors associated with the design, calibration and application of piezoresistive stress sensors fabricated on (100) silicon are presented. In particular, sensor rotational alignment errors during fabrication and resistance measurements errors during calibration have strong effects on the values of the piezoresistive coefficients that are extracted from the calibration process. Also, calibration errors induced by mismatches in the resistor values and/or the actual piezoresistive coefficients of the various resistors in a sensor rosette have been quantified, and the importance of using data acquired only from well-matched resistor rosettes is demonstrated. Finally, it is shown that temperature measurement errors play a pivotal role in determining accuracy of the results obtained during calibration and application of these sensors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The podoplanin-CLEC-2 axis inhibits inflammation in sepsis (2017)

Platelets play a critical role in vascular inflammation through the podoplanin and collagen/fibrin receptors, C-type-lectin-like-2 (CLEC-2) and glycoprotein VI (GPVI), respectively. Both receptors regulate endothelial permeability and prevent peri-vascular bleeding in inflammation. Here we show that platelet-specific deletion of CLEC-2 but not GPVI leads to enhanced systemic inflammation and accelerated organ injury in two mouse models of sepsis-intra-peritoneal lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture. CLEC-2 deficiency is associated with reduced numbers of podoplanin-expressing macrophages despite increased cytokine and chemokine levels in the infected peritoneum. Pharmacological inhibition of the interaction between CLEC-2 and podoplanin regulates immune cell infiltration and the inflammatory reaction during sepsis, suggesting that activation of podoplanin underlies the anti-inflammatory action of platelet CLEC-2. We suggest podoplanin-CLEC-2 as a novel anti-inflammatory axis regulating immune cell recruitment and activation in sepsis.
Computational Enhancements to a 4D Algorithm (1986)

An implementation of a cost-optimal four-dimensional aircraft trajectory computation algorithm was enhanced. The enhancements were aimed at providing onboard capability, and included minimizing execution time, and providing robustness and portability. The techniques discussed include creating a favorable programming environment, structuring code based on a data flow analysis, saving intermediate results for reuse, and sticking to a standard programming language. These techniques resulted in portable code which executes six times faster than the original. Some ideas for further time reduction are presented.
Neurochemical and Behavioral Evidence for a Selective Presynaptic Dopamine Receptor Agonist (1980)

A new dopamine analog, 6,7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99), was compared to apomorphine in three tests of dopaminergic function in the central nervous system. The tests, performed on rats, included production of changes in locomotor activity (involving both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors), inhibition of dopa accumulation (quantifying presynaptic receptor activity), and the rotation model (quantifying postsynaptic receptor activation). Apomorphine was efficacious at both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors, whereas TL-99 was much more efficacious at the presynaptic receptor. This result indicates not only that differences exist between presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors, but also that these differences may be exploited in the design of selective dopamine agonists.
A Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin with Unfractionated Heparin for Unstable Coronary Artery Disease (1997)

Antithrombotic therapy with enoxaparin plus aspirin was more effective than unfractionated heparin plus aspirin in reducing the incidence of ischemic events in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in the early phase. This benefit of enoxaparin was achieved with an increase in minor but not in major bleeding.
Automated Migration of Hierarchical Data to Relational Tables using Programming-by-Example (2017)

While many applications export data in hierarchical formats like XML and JSON, it is often necessary to convert such hierarchical documents to a relational representation. This paper presents a novel programming-by-example approach, and its implementation in a tool called Mitra, for automatically migrating tree-structured documents to relational tables. We have evaluated the proposed technique using two sets of experiments. In the first experiment, we used Mitra to automate 98 data transformation tasks collected from StackOverflow. Our method can generate the desired program for 94% of these benchmarks with an average synthesis time of 3.8 seconds. In the second experiment, we used Mitra to generate programs that can convert real-world XML and JSON datasets to full-fledged relational databases. Our evaluation shows that Mitra can automate the desired transformation for all datasets.
DMQL: A Data Mining Query Language for Relational Databases (2007)

The emerging data mining tools and systems lead naturally to the demand of a powerful data mining query language, on top of which many interactive and flexible graphical user interfaces can be developed. This motivates us to design a data mining query language, DMQL, for mining different kinds of knowledge in relational databases. Portions of the proposed DMQL language have been implemented in our DBMiner system for interactive mining of multiple-level knowledge in relational databases. 1 Introduction Data mining is a promising field with flourishing R &amp; D activities and successful systems reported recently [17, 5]. Since the tasks and applications of data mining are broad and diverse, it is expected that various kinds of flexible, interactive user interfaces for data mining will emerge. We believe that the development of successful data mining systems may resemble that of relational systems which have been dominating the database system market for decades. Although there are many dif...
Array illuminator based on phase contrast (1988)

An array illuminator converts a uniformly wide beam losslessly into an array of bright spots. These spots provide the necessary illumination for microcomponents such as optical logic gates or bistable elements. Such elements may serve as devices in a 2-D discrete parallel processor. We propose an array illuminator with a phase grating on its front end. The phase grating is illuminated uniformly and then converted into an amplitude image by means of a phase contrast setup. The bright spots of the amplitude image are to be used for illuminating the array of microdevices of a digital optical computer.