gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High Density High Performance Cell for 4M Bit Full Feature Electrically Erasable / Programmable Read-Only Memory (1991)

A new electrically erasable / programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) cell structure is proposed, which achieves a high capacitive coupling ratio of more than 0.8 in a small cell size of 11.25 µm 2 using 0.6 µm lithography. This new cell has sufficient cell threshold windows which extend to more than 5 volts and a programmed cell current of more than 30 µA at a program voltage of 14 volts. The cell endurance is more than 10 5 erase/write cycles. Using this cell structure, a 4-mega-bit full-feature EEPROM of high performance and high reliability can be acquired.
Digitalis Toxicity: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management (1987)

Digitalis glycosides have a narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic levels. Although the incidence of digitalis toxicity appears to be decreasing, continuation of digoxin therapy in the face of overt toxicity carries a substantial risk of life-threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances. This review will focus primarily on toxicity produced by digoxin and discuss the mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and current management of digitalis toxicity. The appropriate methodology for measurement and interpretation of serum digoxin levels is emphasized. The varied cardiac dysrhythmias induced by digoxin are detailed and their specific management outlined. Immunological (antibody) treatment has now been established and approved for the therapy of advanced, life-threatening digitalis toxicity and the multicenter trial of digitalis antibodies is described. Proper understanding of the pharmacokinetics of digitalis glycosides and careful followup of digitalis treated patients for early evidence of toxicity should help to decrease further the prevalence of toxic reactions.
Visualizing recycling synaptic vesicles in hippocampal neurons by FM 1-43 photoconversion (2001)

Exo-endocytotic turnover of synaptic vesicles (SVs) at synapses between hippocampal neurons in culture was examined by electron microscopy (EM). We carried out photoconversion (PC) of the fluorescent endocytotic marker FM 1-43 by using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine to convert the dye signal into an electron-dense product. Electron-dense products were located almost exclusively in SVs, whose densities were bimodally distributed in two sharply demarcated populations, PC-positive (PC+) and PC-negative (PC-). The median densities of these populations did not vary with the proportion of vesicles stained within a presynaptic terminal (bouton). The proportion of PC+ SVs remained constant across consecutive thin sections of single boutons, but varied greatly from one bouton to another, indicating marked heterogeneity in exo-endocytotic activity. Our experiments indicated that only a minority of SVs were stained in most boutons after stimuli known to cause complete turnover of the functional vesicular pool. A direct spatial correlation was found between FM 1-43 fluorescent spots seen with light microscopy and PC+ boutons by EM. The correlation was clearer in isolated boutons than in clusters of boutons. Photoconversion in combination with FM dyes allows clarification of important aspects of vesicular traffic in central nervous system nerve terminals.
Semi-automatic generation of as-built BIM facade geometry from laser and image data (2014)

This article outlines a new semi-automatic approach for generating accurate BIM facade models for existing buildings from laser and image data. Two new developments for as-built BIM modelling are presented in this article. The first is a new library of reusable parametric objects designed for modelling classical architectural elements from survey data. These library objects are dynamic and have parameters that can instantly alter the shape, size and other properties of objects. The parametric architectural objects have been designed from historic manuscripts and architectural pattern books. These parametric objects were built using an embedded programming language within the ArchiCAD BIM software called Geometric Description Language (GDL). The second development which is described in more detail in this article is a complete parametric building facade. This parametric building facade can be used as a template for fast and efficient generation of BIM facade geometry. The design of this parametric facade incorporates concepts from procedural modelling which is an automated approach to generating 3D geometries based on rules and algorithms. Parametric architectural objects are automatically combined with rules to generate many different facade arrangements which are controlled by user parameters. When automatically generating a facade, the initial position and size of elements are estimated using classical architectural proportions. Object can then be graphically edited individually or in groups to match the computer generated geometry to survey data. The parametric facade template has also been implemented with the Geometric Description Language for ArchiCAD BIM software. This enables the tools developed to utilise the full benefits of BIM software which includes automated construction or conservation documents, semantic object oriented objects based on IFC semantic classes, automatic lists of objects and material and the ability to add and link additional information to the model. Initial user tests have indicated that the parametric facade is more efficient than previous methods for creating accurate facade models from survey data. The facade template also provides an easier solution for generating facade models when compared to existing methods. Non-specialist users with little experience in 3D modelling can easily generate and modify the facade template by altering parameters graphically or from a dialogue box.
Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase from yeast by pyridine (1967)

1. Inhibition by pyridine of reduction of NAD by ethanol in the presence of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase was studied at 25 degrees in 60mm-glycine buffer (K(+), pH9.3). 2. The apparent Michaelis constant for ethanol increases linearly and that for NAD increases non-linearly with pyridine concentration. 3. Rates, v, observed in the presence of pyridine are lower than the values calculated from the effect of pyridine on the two apparent Michaelis constants and are described by the expression V/v={1+5.8[pyridine]}x{1+0.016(1+124 [pyridine)]/[EtOH]}x{1+0.00019(1+3.3[pyridine]+110 [pyridine](2))/[NAD]}. 4. Mixed inhibitor studies with pyridine and N(1)-methylnicotinamide chloride in 40mm-pyrophosphate buffer (Na(+), pH8.2) indicated little interaction of pyridine with the ;pyridinium site' of the dehydrogenase (interaction constant, alpha, 2.1). 5. The possible competition of ethanol and pyridine for a zinc atom in the active centre of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase is discussed.
MicroRNAs in Insulin Resistance and Obesity (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded non-protein coding gene products which can regulate the gene expression through post-transcriptional inhibition of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. They are known to be involved in many essential biological processes including development, insulin secretion, and adipocyte differentiation. miRNAs are involved in complex metabolic processes, such as energy and lipid metabolism, which have been studied in the context of diabetes and obesity. Obesity, hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of blood lipids), and insulin resistance are strongly associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. These conditions are also associated with aberrant expression of multiple essential miRNAs in pancreatic islets of Langerhans and peripheral tissues, including adipose tissue. A thorough understanding of the physiological role these miRNAs play in these tissues, and changes to their expression under pathological conditions, will allow researchers to develop new therapeutics with the potential to correct the aberrant expression of miRNAs in type 2 diabetes and obesity.
A Study of Load Imbalance for Parallel Reservoir Simulation with Multiple Partitioning Strategies (2015)

High performance computing is an option to increase reservoir simulation efficiency. However, highly scalable and efficient parallel application is not always easy to obtain from case to case. Load imbalance caused by mesh partitioning and message passing through connections between partitions are the main reasons that prevent successful parallel implementation. This thesis introduces several mesh partitioning methods that assign relatively similar loads to processes and minimize connections between partitions to a large scale parallel reservoir simulation model. Their effects on enhancing parallel computing performance are discussed. Specifically, the effects are evaluated based on two parameters: parallel overhead and load imbalance status.\n\nThe partitioning methods introduced are 2D decomposition, Metis partition, Zoltan partitioning, and spectral partitioning. In the first place, their implementation in the original reservoir model is researched. Then, they are also applied to the same reservoir model with elevated well complexity. In order to increase well complexity, the original model’s well geometry and well control constraints are changed. For each partitioning strategy, various subdomain number s are used. They are 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. Once the mesh is partitioned, the assignment of each subdomain to process is also studied. The fashion of assigning each subdomain’s reservoir model computation to a specific process in the cluster affects parallel overhead. When two neighboring subdomains are assigned to two physically neighboring processes in the cluster, the overhead is much smaller than when they are assigned to two non-neighboring processes. Except for the assignment process, load imbalance are examined as well. In the original reservoir model, since the well geometries and well control patterns are not very complex, low load imbalance is obtained for parallel simulation based on the four partitioning methods introduced. The speedups are scalable. When the well model complexity is elevated by introducing horizontal wells and more frequent well control constraints changes, an increased load imbalance can be observed in the parallel reservoir simulation. Thus, the scalability is undermined. In general, this work allows us to better understand the application of various partitioning strategies in terms of load imbalance and parallel overhead.
Japan’s Economic Performance “Lost Decade”: Myth, Reality, or Role Model? (2016)

Between 2010 and 2012, former Bank of Japan Governor Shirakawa argued, in series of speeches, that Japan’s economic performance, when compared to that...
Seizure After Overdose of Tramadol (1997)

Tramadol (Ultram) is a new analgesic agent with a dual mechanism of action that includes weak agonistic effects at the mu-opioid receptor as well as inhibition of neurotransmitter (serotonin, norepinephrine) re-uptake. Although it has proven to be a safe and effective agent for the control of pain, adverse effects can occur with its use. I report the occurrence of seizure activity after the inadvertent administration of 4 mg/kg of tramadol to a child. Previous reports of seizure activity after tramadol administration are reviewed and the treatment of this problem is discussed.
Charge-Coupled Device Pinning Technologies (1989)

For most thinned silicon CCDs, the photosensitive volume is bounded on top and bottom by layers of silicon dioxide. The frontside oxide is grown to serve as an insulator beneath the conductive gates of the parallel array while the backside oxide forms naturally as the initially bare silicon oxidizes. This paper describes the characteristics of the interface between these oxides and the photo-sensitive silicon and indicates the extent to which CCD performance (e.g. dark current, spectral response, charge collection efficiency, charge transfer efficiency, pixel-nonuniformity read noise full well capacity blooming residual image and vulnerability to ionizing radiation damage) depend* upon these interfacial characteristics. Techniques are described to achieve optimum passivation of these interfaces and to thereby obtain superior performance in the areas just listed. Specifically an implanted structure (the Multi-Pinned-Phase, MPP) is described which provides excellent frontside passivation and several techniques (backside charging, flash gate, the biased flash gate and ion-implantation) are presented for back surface passivation.
Use of a Selective Enrichment Broth To Recover <i>Clostridium difficile</i> from Stool Swabs Stored under Different Conditions (2005)

The recovery of Clostridium difficile from the stools of patients with C. difficile-associated diarrhea was evaluated by use of an enrichment broth (cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose broth supplemented with 0.1% sodium taurocholate [TCCFB]) and was compared to that from selective agar (cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar [CCFA]) and alcohol shock followed by inoculation onto blood agar (AS-BA). TCCFB was superior to CCFA and AS-BA, and neither the storage time nor the storage temperature affected the recovery rate.
Influence of An Addition of Textured Milk Proteins Upon Physicochemical Properties of Meat Mixtures (1982)

ABSTRACT Meat systems consisted of beef haunch (pH 5.63) in which textured milk proteins were substituted at: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, and 100%. The effects of these substitutes on the physicochemical properties of ground meats were measured for products containing no salt, sodium chloride (2%), polyphosphate mixture Hamine (0.5%) and sodium chloride and Hamine together (2%+ 0.5%). Measurements included: water absorption capacity, water‐holding capacity, thermal shrinkage, consistency, viscosity, fat absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, emulsion stability, and active acidity. Addition of textured milk proteins improved the technological adaptability of ground beef, optimum substitution depending on the type of salt. In order to improve the physicochemical properties of beef, substitution of 30% meat by textured milk proteins with addition of 2% sodium chloride, is recommended.
Numerical characterization of impedance transformers consisting of vertically stacked superconducting transmission lines (1997)

A novel coupling configuration between an SIS mixer, an antenna, and a local oscillator has been numerically characterized for an integrated receiver operated in the sub-THz region. The configuration consists of two vertically stacked superconducting striplines, where the thickness of their common electrode t/sub 2/ is of the order of its magnetic penetration depth /spl lambda//sub 2/. It has been found that the coupling efficiency between the antenna and the mixer decreases with decrease of t/sub 2///spl lambda//sub 2/, while that between the mixer and the local oscillator has a local maximum. It is also shown that the coupling efficiencies increase with decrease of Q/sub A/, the Q-factor due to the tunneling loss in the mixer. For Q/sub A/=5.0 and 16, 75-85% of the available signal power and sufficient power from the local oscillator can be absorbed in the tunnel conductance of the mixer at 1 THz. This coupling efficiency is equal to or larger than that of a conventional planar coupler.
Human lung-resident macrophages express CB1 and CB2 receptors whose activation inhibits the release of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors (2015)

Macrophages are pivotal effector cells in immune responses and tissue remodeling by producing a wide spectrum of mediators, including angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors. Activation of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 has been suggested as a new strategy to modulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We investigated whether human lung-resident macrophages express a complete endocannabinoid system by assessing their production of endocannabinoids and expression of cannabinoid receptors. Unstimulated human lung macrophage produce 2-arachidonoylglycerol,N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine,N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine, and N-oleoyl-ethanolamine. On LPS stimulation, human lung macrophages selectively synthesize 2-arachidonoylglycerol in a calcium-dependent manner. Human lung macrophages express cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2, and their activation induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species generation. Cannabinoid receptor activation by the specific synthetic agonists ACEA and JWH-133 (but not the endogenous agonist 2-arachidonoylglycerol) markedly inhibits LPS-induced production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-C, and angiopoietins and modestly affects IL-6 secretion. No significant modulation of TNF-α or IL-8/CXCL8 release was observed. The production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A by human monocyte-derived macrophages is not modulated by activation of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2. Given the prominent role of macrophage-assisted vascular remodeling in many tumors, we identified the expression of cannabinoid receptors in lung cancer-associated macrophages. Our results demonstrate that cannabinoid receptor activation selectively inhibits the release of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors from human lung macrophage but not from monocyte-derived macrophages. Activation of cannabinoid receptors on tissue-resident macrophages might be a novel strategy to modulate macrophage-assisted vascular remodeling in cancer and chronic inflammation.
The transcription factor TFIIS zinc ribbon dipeptide Asp-Glu is critical for stimulation of elongation and RNA cleavage by RNA polymerase II. (1994)

The eukaryotic transcription factor TFIIS enhances elongation and nascent transcript cleavage activities of RNA polymerase II in a stalled elongation complex. By site-directed mutagenesis, we have demonstrated that invariant residues Asp-261 and Glu-262 of the nucleic acid-binding TFIIS Zn ribbon are critical for stimulation of both elongation and RNA cleavage activities of RNA polymerase II. Substitution of either of these residues inactivates both TFIIS functions, suggesting a related role in both activities. These acidic residues may participate in phosphoryl transfer reactions by a two-metal-ion mechanism in a manner analogous to Klenow fragment. The RNA polymerase II itself may contain a Zn ribbon, in as much as the polymerase's 15-kDa subunit contains a sequence that aligns well with the TFIIS Zn ribbon sequence, including a similarly placed pair of acidic residues.
Interleukin‐17 in host defence against bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal pathogens (2008)

The mammalian immune system is intricately regulated, allowing for potent pathogen-specific immunity to be rapidly activated in response to infection with a broad and diverse array of potential pathogens. As a result of their ability to differentiate into distinct effector lineages, CD4 T cells significantly contribute to pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. Through the production of effector cytokines, CD4 T helper (Th) cells orchestrate the precise mobilization of specific immune cells to eradicate infection. The protective effects of the newly identified lineage of Th17 cells against pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter rodentium and Candida albicans indicate the capacity of Th17 cells to confer protection against extracellular bacterial and fungal pathogens, filling a critical void in host immunity not covered by the classically described Th1 lineage that activates immunity to intracellular pathogens or the Th2 lineage that is important in protection against mucosal parasitic pathogens. Host defence by Th17 cells extends beyond protection against extracellular bacterial and fungal pathogens, as demonstrated in infections against intracellular bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein, we summarize both experimental data from mouse infection models and epidemiological studies in humans that demonstrate the protective effects of interleukin-17 and Th17 CD4 T cells in immunity to bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal pathogens.
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Control: A Lyapunov-Based Approach (2008)

Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Control presents and develops an extensive treatment of stability analysis and control design of nonlinear dynamical systems, with an emphasis on Lyapunov-based methods. Dynamical system theory lies at the heart of mathematical sciences and engineering. The application of dynamical systems has crossed interdisciplinary boundaries from chemistry to biochemistry to chemical kinetics, from medicine to biology to population genetics, from economics to sociology to psychology, and from physics to mechanics to engineering. The increasingly complex nature of engineering systems requiring feedback control to obtain a desired system behavior also gives rise to dynamical systems. Wassim Haddad and VijaySekhar Chellaboina provide an exhaustive treatment of nonlinear systems theory and control using the highest standards of exposition and rigor. This graduate-level textbook goes well beyond standard treatments by developing Lyapunov stability theory, partial stability, boundedness, input-to-state stability, input-output stability, finite-time stability, semistability, stability of sets and periodic orbits, and stability theorems via vector Lyapunov functions. A complete and thorough treatment of dissipativity theory, absolute stability theory, stability of feedback systems, optimal control, disturbance rejection control, and robust control for nonlinear dynamical systems is also given. This book is an indispensable resource for applied mathematicians, dynamical systems theorists, control theorists, and engineers
Challenges Towards Protecting VNF With SGX (2018)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging technology to implement network functions in software, which reduces equipment costs (CAPEX) and operational cost (OPEX) through decoupling network functions from network dedicated devices and deploying them on high-volume standard servers and running as virtual instances. However, due to running in a shared and open environment and lacking the protection of proprietary hardware, virtual network functions (VNFs) face more security threats than traditional network functions. Hence, it is crucial to build a trusted execution environment to protect VNFs. In this paper, we first analyze the challenges for VNF security protection. We then propose a lightweight and trusted execution environment for securing VNFs based on SGX and Click. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we implement a DDoS defense function on top of our environment and conduct paramilitary evaluations. Our evaluation results show that our system only introduces manageable performance overhead for protecting VNFs.
A chemist and biologist talk to each other about caged neurotransmitters (2013)

Caged compounds are small organic molecules that can be photoactivated with brief pulses of light. They are widely used to study a great variety of biological processes by physiologists, cell biologists and neuroscientists. Initially made and invented by biologists in the late 1970s, they are now made mostly by chemists, often without any dialogue with the end users, the biologists. The idea for this review is to stimulate interaction between the two communities to further the creative development and application of these powerful optical probes.