gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An automated workflow for enhancing microbial bioprocess optimization on a novel microbioreactor platform (2012)

The optimization of heterologous protein expression in microbial systems currently requires extensive testing of biological and bioprocess engineering parameters. This can be efficiently boosted by using a microtiter plate cultivation setup embedded into a liquid-handling system, providing more throughput by parallelization and automation. Due to improved statistics by replicate cultivations, automated downstream analysis, and scalable process information, this setup has superior performance compared to standard microtiter plate cultivation.
Magnetic Optical Activity (1966)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Synthetic studies toward verrucarol. 1. Synthesis of the AB ring system (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies toward verrucarol. 1. Synthesis of the AB ring systemGeorge A. Kraus and Kevin FrazierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 24, 4820–4825Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01312a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01312a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy reallocation strategies for speech enhancement in known noise conditions (2010)

Speech output, whether live, recorded or synthetic, is often employed in difficult listening conditions. Context-sensitive speech modifications aim to promote intelligibility while maintaining quality and listener comfort. The current study used objective measures of intelligibility and quality to compare five energy reallocation strategies operating under equal energy and preserved duration constraints. Results in both stationary and highly-nonstationary backgrounds suggest that time-varying modifications lead to large increases in objective intelligibility, but that speech quality is best preserved by time-invariant modifications. Selective amplification of time-frequency regions with low a priori SNR produced the highest objective intelligibility without severe disruption to quality.
Apuntes para la historia del IFESXVIII (2017)

SIN RESUMEN
Noise behavior in gridding reconstruction (2002)

The paper addresses the properties of the noise in gridding reconstruction, an algorithm for reconstruction from nonuniform samples. Sequences with time-varying gradients, such as spiral or projection reconstruction (PR) techniques, are being increasingly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since these techniques sample k-space nonuniformly, some kind of algorithm is needed to map the data onto a Cartesian frame to allow an inverse Fourier transform through an FFT. The authors present an analytical characterization of the image noise after gridding and inverse Fourier transform for the most popular sampling techniques used in MRI.
Measuring Elevated Intracranial Pressure through Noninvasive Methods (2013)

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important cause of secondary brain injury, and a measurement of ICP is often of crucial value in neurosurgical and neurological patients. The gold standard for ICP monitoring is through an intraventricular catheter, but this invasive technique is associated with certain risks. Intraparenchymal ICP monitoring methods are considered to be a safer alternative but can, in certain conditions, be imprecise due to zero drift and still require an invasive procedure. An accurate noninvasive method to measure elevated ICP would therefore be desirable. This article is a review of the current literature on noninvasive methods for measuring and evaluating elevated ICP. The main focus is on studies that compare noninvasively measured ICP with invasively measured ICP. The aim is to provide an overview of the current state of the most common noninvasive techniques available. Several methods for noninvasive measuring of elevated ICP have been proposed: radiologic methods including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial Doppler, electroencephalography power spectrum analysis, and the audiological and ophthalmological techniques. The noninvasive methods have many advantages, but remain less accurate compared with the invasive techniques. None of the noninvasive techniques available today are suitable for continuous monitoring, and they cannot be used as a substitute for invasive monitoring. They can, however, provide a reliable measurement of the ICP and be useful as screening methods in select patients, especially when invasive monitoring is contraindicated or unavailable.
1,2,3-oxathiazolidines. Heterocyclic system (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2,3-oxathiazolidines. Heterocyclic systemJames A. Deyrup and Calvin L. MoyerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 1, 175–179Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00838a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00838a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views733Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A New Heuristic for Solving the Parking Assignment Problem (2015)

It is often frustrating for drivers to find parking spaces, and parking itself is costly in almost every major city in the world. The search for a parking place is a task which can waste a lot of time and affect the efficiency of economic activities, social interactions, and the health of the environment. The planners of transport and city traffic must pay close attention to this issue in order to achieve an efficient management of mobility in smart cities. This work is intended to serve as an aid in the search for parking seeking the general interest of a group of drivers. We present an intensive description of the parking slots assignment problem for groups and apply it to a real case study. Also, we propose a hybrid genetic algorithm for solving this case and we compare it with three other algorithms in order to evaluate its performance.
Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update (1996)

What have epidemiologic studies on IBD taught so far? Consistent findings are as follows: A high incidence of both CD and UC in industrialized countries and an increase in these areas of the incidence of CD during the years 1960-80 followed by a plateau phase, and a more stable pattern in UC during the same period have been found. A greater number of mild cases have probably been diagnosed recently. This also helps to explain the differences in severity and survival between community and referral centre groups. The male to female ratio is greater than 1 in UC, and this is the opposite in CD. Mortality of IBD has decreased during the past decades. As young people are especially prone to develop IBD, most of those affected will have their disease for many years. In developing IBD, genetic influences are of importance. However, epidemiologic studies strongly point to possible interactions between genetically determined features and environmental or other factors. Of these exogenic factors smoking is the most consistent, being of negative influence in CD and protective in UC. Diet and oral contraceptives may influence disease expression, and perinatal events such as viral infections may alter adult susceptibility. The question remains open whether UC and CD are one diseases entity. Similarities in the epidemiologic features of UC and CD support the idea of IBD being one disease. Other findings suggest dividing UC and CD into further subgroups: in CD it has been suggested that fibrostenotic, penetrating, and inflammatory behaviour should be considered different disease entities; in UC some groups consider ulcerative proctitis a disease entity on its own, separating it from the proximally extending colitis. In therapeutic trials this approach has proved to be of importance, and it is not inconceivable that in subgroups, with regard to aetiopathogenetic mechanisms, different factors have to be looked for.
Measuring blocking artifacts using edge direction information [image and video coding] (2005)

Block-based transform coding is the most popular approach for image and video compression. The objective measurement of blocking artifacts plays an important role in the design, optimization. and assessment of image and video coding systems. This paper presents a new algorithm for measuring blocking artifacts in images and videos. Instead of using the traditional pixel discontinuity along the block boundary, we use the edge directional information of the images. The new algorithm does not need the exact location of the block boundary thus is invariant to the displacement, rotation and scaling of the images. Experiments on various still images and videos show that the new blockiness measure is very efficient in terms of computational complexity and memory usage, and can produce blocking artifact measurement consistent with subjective rating
Modulation of Microtubule Dynamics by Drugs. A Paradigm for the Actions of Cellular Regulators. (1999)

Microtubules are intrinsically dynamic polymers. Two kinds of dynamic behaviors, dynamic instability and treadmilling, are important for microtubule function in cells. Both dynamic behaviors appear to be tightly regulated, but the cellular molecules and the mechanisms responsible for the regulation remain largely unexplored. While microtubule dynamics can be modulated transiently by the interaction of regulatory molecules with soluble tubulin, the microtubule itself is likely to be the primary target of cellular molecules that regulate microtubule dynamics. The antimitotic drugs that modulate microtubule dynamics serve as excellent models for such cellular molecules. Our laboratory has been investigating the interactions of small drug molecules and stabilizing microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) with microtubule surfaces and ends. We find that drugs such as colchicine, vinblastine, and taxol, and stabilizing MAPs such as tau, strongly modulate microtubule dynamics at extremely low concentrations under conditions in which the microtubule polymer mass is minimally affected. The powerful modulation of the dynamics is brought about by the binding of only a few drug or MAP molecules to distinct binding sites at the microtubule surface or end. Based upon our understanding of the well-studied drugs and stabilizing MAPs, it is clear that molecules that regulate dynamics such as Kin 1 and stathmin could bind to a large number of distinct tubulin sites on microtubules and employ an array of mechanisms to selectively and powerfully regulate microtubule dynamics and dynamics-dependent cellular functions.
Immobilized pH gradients (2009)

Abstract In this short review, we give an account of the steps through which the protocols for operation with IPGs were set up in the early '80s. One of the main achievements by our group was the development of a computer program, pH GRADIENT, for the calculation of pH, buffering power and ionic strength of a mixture of monoprotic buffers titrated within any pH span and for the linearization of the desired pH gradient. Using this program, in 1984 we could devise formulations for IPGs covering up to six pH units, which was the subject of a publication in Electrophoresis (volume 5, pages 88–97). This was the starting point for the use of IPGs for the resolution of protein samples of any composition and for their application as first dimension of 2‐DE separations. Currently IPGs are in common use in proteomics investigations, not only along classical protocols but also for sample prefractionation and in shotgun approaches. Much less frequently are they used for 1‐DE analytical applications, a field for which in recent years much attention has instead more often focused on capillary electrophoresis/IEF procedures.
Effect of Chlorine Substitution on the Biodegradability of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (1978)

Thirty-one isomers of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) were examined for biodegradability by two species of Alcaligenes and Acinetobacter. The following relationships between chlorine substitution and biodegradability of PCBs were observed. (i) Degradation decreased as chlorine substitution increased. PCB isomers containing more than four chlorines were less susceptible to degradation. (ii) PCBs containing two chlorines on either the ortho position of a single ring (i.e., 2,6-) or on both rings (i.e., 2,2'-) showed very poor degradability. (iii) PCBs containing all chlorine atoms on only a single ring were generally degraded faster than when the same number of chlorines were substituted on both rings. (iv) Preferential ring fission of the molecules occurred with nonchlorinated or lesser chlorinated rings. (v) The formation and accumulation of a yellow intermediate was always observed in 4'-chloro-substituted PCBs. (vi) Significant differences between the two organisms with respect to degradability were not observed except for 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl.
Extremely high quantum efficiency of donor-acceptor-pair emission in N-and-B-doped 6H-SiC (2006)

High-efficiency visible light emission in N-and-B-doped 6H-SiC epilayers was observed in photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. The orange-yellow light emission due to the recombination of donor-acceptor pairs (DAPs) has a broad spectrum with a peak wavelength of 576nm and a full width at half maximum of 110nm at 250K. The high B concentration of more than 1018cm−3 improves the emission efficiency of the DAP recombination at a high temperature. Compared with the photoluminescence spectrum of GaN at 10K, a high quantum efficiency of 95% was estimated for the highly B-doped sample. From time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, a DAP recombination time of 5.0ms was obtained, which is in good agreement with the calculated value by the rate equation with the assumption of a 95% internal quantum efficiency. This is quite promising as a light-emitting medium by optical pumping, as well as monolithic light sources combined with nitride-based light-emitting diodes grown on the DA-doped SiC epilayer.
<title>Novel fabrication and simple hybridization of exotic material MEMS</title> (1999)

Work in materials other than silicon for MEMS applications has typically been restricted to materials such as metals and not more 'exotic' semiconductors. However, group III-V and II-VI semiconductors from a very important and versatile collection of material and electronic parameter variables available to the MEMS and MEMS designer. Thus, not only are the traditional mechanical material variables available, but also chemical constituents can be varied in ternary and quaternary materials. This flexibility can be extremely important for both friction and chemical compatibility issues for MEMS. In addition, the ability to continually vary the bandgap energy can be particularly useful for many electronics and IR detection applications. However, there are two major obstacles associated with alternate semiconductor material MEMS. The first issue is the actual fabrication of non-silicon devices and the second impediment is communicating with these novel devices. We will describe an essential material independent fabrication method that is amenable to most group III-V and II-VI semiconductors. This technique uses a combination of non-traditional direct write precision fabrication processes such as diamond turning, ion milling, laser ablation, etc. This type of deterministic fabrication approach lends itself to an almost trivial assembly process. We will also describe the mechanical, electrical, and optical self-aligning hybridization technique used for these alternate material MEMS.
Offloading Communication Control Logic in GPU Accelerated Applications (2017)

NVIDIA GPUDirect is a family of technologies aimed at optimizing data movement among GPUs (P2P) or between GPUs and third-party devices (RDMA). GPUDirect Async, introduced in CUDA 8.0, is a new addition which allows direct synchronization between GPU and third party devices. For example, Async allows an NVIDIA GPU to directly trigger and poll for completion of communication operations queued to an InfiniBand Connect-IB network adapter, removing CPU involvement from the critical path in GPU accelerated applications. In this paper, we present the building blocks of GPUDirect Async and explain the supported usage models of this new technology. We also present a performance evaluation using a micro-benchmark and a synthetic stencil benchmark. Finally, we demonstrate the use of Async in a few multi-GPU MPI applications: HPGMG-FV (geometric multi-grid), achieving up to 25% improvement in total execution time; CoMD-CUDA (classical molecular dynamics), reducing communications times up to 30%; LULESH2-CUDA, achieving an average performance improvement of 13% in the total execution time.
A Rose is a Rose is a Rover (1998)

For a few weeks in the spring of 1996, Rover cars ran a full-page colour advertisement in some of the Sunday Supplements. This advertisement featured Alma-Tadema's celebrated painting The Roses of Heliogabalus (see the jacket of this book). In this painting, the Emperor Heliogabalus with a few of his friends loll over a banquet in a very Victorian-Roman way, idly watching some of the other guests, on a lower level, being showered by clouds of rose petals. At the top of the advertisement were the words, 'If you'd like to know more about how we turn a long journey in a Rover 400 Saloon into a bed of roses, telephone us on...'. Alongside this statement was a small Rover badge with 'Relax, it's a Rover' beneath it. Under the picture, just below the cascading roses, were the words, 'Few places are as comfortable as a Rover 400.'KeywordsClassical WorldAncient WorldRose PetalWilled IgnoranceMoral AmbiguityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Secondary-emission electron gun for high pressure molecular lasers (1975)

A new type of high voltage, large area electron gun is described. Ions are generated in a low pressure ion source, extracted by a grid, and accelerated by a −130-kV continuously biased electrode. By secondary emission, these ions produce electrons which are accelerated toward the grid. They go through the ion source and an electron window (15×5 cm). Electron-beam density profiles display a good uniformity. The current density, limited only by the available power for the discharge, reaches presently 1 mA/cm2. The advantages of this gun over others are moderate vacuum requirements and capability for both low current cw and high current pulsed beams with easy control at ground potential and small energy requirement.
Inflammatory pain alters blood-brain barrier permeability and tight junctional protein expression (2001)

Effects of inflammatory pain states on functional and molecular properties of the rat blood-brain barrier (BBB) were investigated. Inflammation was produced by subcutaneous injection of formalin, lambda-carrageenan, or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the right hind paw. In situ perfusion and Western blot analyses were performed to assess BBB integrity after inflammatory insult. In situ brain perfusion determined that peripheral inflammation significantly increased the uptake of sucrose into the cerebral hemispheres. Capillary depletion and cerebral blood flow analyses indicated the perturbations were due to increased paracellular permeability rather than vascular volume changes. Western blot analyses showed altered tight junctional protein expression during peripheral inflammation. Occludin significantly decreased in the lambda-carrageenan- and CFA-treated groups. Zonula occluden-1 expression was significantly increased in all pain models. Claudin-1 protein expression was present at the BBB and remained unchanged during inflammation. Actin expression was significantly increased in the lambda-carrageenan- and CFA-treated groups. We have shown that inflammatory-mediated pain alters both the functional and molecular properties of the BBB. Inflammatory-induced changes may significantly alter delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain, thus affecting dosing regimens during chronic pain.
Micromachined thermocouple microwave detector by commercial CMOS fabrication (1998)

This paper reports on the design and testing of a thermocouple microwave detector fabricated through a commercial CMOS foundry with an additional maskless etching procedure. The detector measures true r.m.s. power of signals in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 20 GHz, and input power range from -30 to +10 dBm, the device has linearity better than /spl plusmn/0.4% for input power versus output voltage over the 40 dB dynamic range. Measurements of the return loss, obtained using an automatic network analyzer, show acceptable input return loss of less than -20 dB over the entire frequency range. The sensitivity of the detector was measured to be (1.007/spl plusmn/0.004) mV/mW.
An asymptotic analysis of controlled diffusions with rapidly oscillating parameters (1993)

This paper presents an asymptotic analysis of controlled diffusions couled by a parameter process. The oscillation rate of the parameter process is assumed to be very large. This gives rise to a limiting problem in which the stochastic parameter process can be replaced by its averaged value. A control for the original problem can be constructed from the optimal control of the limiting problem in a way which guarantees its asymptotic optimality. It is shown that the value function of the original problem converges to the value function of the limiting problem. The convergence rate of the value function and the error estimate of the constructed asymptotically optimal control are obtained. Finally, the results are applied to an adaptive control problem.