gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Azithromycin Alters Macrophage Phenotype and Pulmonary Compartmentalization during Lung Infection with<i>Pseudomonas</i> (2010)

Infection with mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic inflammatory diseases of the airway is difficult to eradicate and can cause excessive inflammation. The roles of alternatively activated and regulatory subsets of macrophages in this pathophysiological process are not well characterized. We previously demonstrated that azithromycin induces an alternatively activated macrophage-like phenotype in vitro. In the present study, we tested whether azithromycin affects the macrophage activation status and migration in the lungs of P. aeruginosa-infected mice. C57BL/6 mice received daily doses of oral azithromycin and were infected intratracheally with a mucoid strain of P. aeruginosa. The properties of macrophage activation, immune cell infiltration, and markers of pulmonary inflammation in the lung interstitial and alveolar compartments were evaluated postinfection. Markers of alternative macrophage activation were induced by azithromycin treatment, including the surface expression of the mannose receptor, the upregulation of arginase 1, and a decrease in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, azithromycin increased the number of CD11b(+) monocytes and CD4(+) T cells that infiltrated the alveolar compartment. A predominant subset of CD11b(+) cells was Gr-1 positive (Gr-1(+)), indicative of a subset of cells that has been shown to be immunoregulatory. These differences corresponded to decreases in neutrophil influx into the lung parenchyma and alteration of the characteristics of peribronchiolar inflammation without any change in the clearance of the organism. These results suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of azithromycin are associated with the induction of alternative and regulatory macrophage activation characteristics and alteration of cellular compartmentalization during infection.
Cardenolide analogs. 7. Synthesis and biological activity of some new steroidal guanylhydrazones (1978)

The synthesis, proof of structure, and biological activity of some new steroidal 17beta-formyl guanylhydrazones are described. The guanylhydrazones of nondigitalis-like steroids inhibited myocardial Na+,K+-ATPase but had only a depressant effect on myocardial contractility. By comparison, the corresponding guanylhydrazone of a digitalis-like steroid gave a positive inotropic effect in concentrations that also inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase. The nondigitalis-like guanylhydrazones also inhibited membrane Mg2+-ATPase and this may infer that the compounds act nonspecifically by membrane stabilization rather than by interaction with stereoselective receptors. Biological activity was determined in the guinea pig.
Age- and gender-related differences in the geometric properties and biomechanical significance of intracortical porosity in the distal radius and tibia (2009)

Cortical bone contributes the majority of overall bone mass and bears the bulk of axial loads in the peripheral skeleton. Bone metabolic disorders often are manifested by cortical microstructural changes via osteonal remodeling and endocortical trabecularization. The goal of this study was to characterize intracortical porosity in a cross-sectional patient cohort using novel quantitative computational methods applied to high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) images of the distal radius and tibia. The distal radius and tibia of 151 subjects (57 male, 94 female; 47 +/- 16 years of age, range 20 to 78 years) were imaged using HR-pQCT. Intracortical porosity (Ct.Po) was calculated as the pore volume normalized by the sum of the pore and cortical bone volume. Micro-finite element analysis (microFE) was used to simulate 1% uniaxial compression for two scenarios per data set: (1) the original structure and (2) the structure with intracortical porosity artificially occluded. Differential biomechanical indices for stiffness (Delta K), modulus (Delta E), failure load (Delta F), and cortical load fraction (Delta Ct.LF) were calculated as the difference between original and occluded values. Regression analysis revealed that cortical porosity, as depicted by HR-pQCT, exhibited moderate but significant age-related dependence for both male and female cohorts (radius rho = 0.7; tibia rho = 0.5; p < .001). In contrast, standard cortical metrics (Ct.Th, Ct.Ar, and Ct.vBMD) were more weakly correlated or not significantly correlated with age in this population. Furthermore, differential microFE analysis revealed that the biomechanical deficit (Delta K) associated with cortical porosity was significantly higher for postmenopausal women than for premenopausal women (p < .001). Finally, porosity-related measures provided the only significant decade-wise discrimination in the radius for females in their fifties versus females in their sixties (p < .01). Several important conclusions can be drawn from these results. Age-related differences in cortical porosity, as detected by HR-pQCT, are more pronounced than differences in standard cortical metrics. The biomechanical significance of these structural differences increases with age for men and women and provides discriminatory information for menopause-related bone quality effects.
LPAM (α4β7 integrin) is an important homing integrin on alloreactive T cells in the development of intestinal graft-versus-host disease (2003)

Lymphocyte Peyer patch adhesion molecule (LPAM) or alpha(4)beta(7) integrin is expressed on lymphocytes and is responsible for T-cell homing into gut-associated lymphoid tissues through its binding to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM), which is present on high endothelial venules of mucosal lymphoid organs. We found in murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models that recipients of alpha(4)beta(7)(-) donor T cells had significantly less graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) morbidity and mortality compared with recipients of alpha(4)beta(7)(+) donor T cells. A kinetic posttransplantation analysis of lymphocytes in the intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes demonstrated a delayed invasion of lower numbers of alpha(4)beta(7)(+) T cells in recipients of alpha(4)beta(7)(-) T cells compared with recipients of alpha(4)beta(7)(+) T cells. Histopathologic analysis of GVHD target organs revealed that recipients of alpha(4)beta(7)(-) T cells developed less GVHD of the intestines and liver, whereas there was no difference in cutaneous and thymic GVHD between recipients of alpha(4)beta(7)(-) or alpha(4)beta(7)(+) T cells. Finally, we found that in vivo GVT activity of alpha(4)beta(7)(-) donor T cells was preserved. We conclude that the alpha(4)beta(7) integrin is important for the invasion of alloreactive donor T cells into the gut and the subsequent development of intestinal GVHD and overall GVHD morbidity and mortality.
A covariance approach to spectral moment estimation (1972)

We are interested in estimating the moments of the spectral density of a comp[ex Gaussian signal process <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{ q^{(1)} (t) \}</tex> when the signal process is immersed in independent additive complex Gaussian noise <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{q^{(2)} (t) \}</tex> . Using vector samples <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q = \{ q(t_1),\cdots ,q(t_m)\}</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q(t) = q^{(1)}(t) + q^{(2)}(t)</tex> , estimators for determining the spectral moments or parameters of the signal-process power spectrum may be constructed. These estimators depend upon estimates of the covariance function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_1 (h)</tex> of the signal process at only one value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h \neq 0</tex> . In particular, if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m = 2</tex> , these estimators are maximum-likelihood solutions. (The explicit solution of the likelihood equations for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m > 2</tex> is still an unsolved problem.) using these solutions, asymptotic (with sample size) formulas for the means and variances of the spectral mean frequency and spectral width are derived. It is shown that the leading term in the variance computations is identical with the Cramér-Rao lower bound calculated using the Fisher information matrix. Also considered is the case Where the data set consists of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> samples Of continuous data, each of finite duration. In this case asymptotic (with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> ) formulas are also derived for the means and variances of the spectral mean frequency and spectral width.
Underwater wet welding of steel (1995)

Underwater wet welding is conducted directly in water with the shielded metal arc (SMA) and flux cored arc (FCA) welding processes. Underwater wet welding has been demonstrated as an acceptable repair technique down to 100 meters (325 ft.) in depth, but wet welds have been attempted on carbon steel structures down to 200 meters (650 ft.). The primary purpose of this interpretive report is to document and evaluate current understanding of metallurgical behavior of underwater wet welds so that new welding consumables can be designed and new welding practices can be developed for fabrication and repair of high strength steel structures at greater depths. First the pyrometallurgical and physical metallurgy behaviors of underwater weldments are discussed. Second, modifications of the welding consumables and processes are suggested to enhance the ability to apply wet welding techniques.
Electron scattering via interactions with optical phonons in wurtzite crystals (2004)

Wurtzite semiconductors GaN, ZnO, CdS, and CdSe are studied in this paper. Optical phonon frequencies of these semiconductors are calculated as a function of angle with respect to the $c$ axis. Electron-phonon interaction Hamiltonians and the total scattering rates are derived. Scattering rates for GaN, ZnO, CdS, and CdSe are calculated as a function of the electron incident angle. The emission of TO-like modes exhibits the strongest dependence on the electron incident angle. Scattering rates are also calculated as functions of the initial electron energy. The scattering rates are dependent weakly upon the initial electron energy. As expected, the dependence is most pronounced for the emission of phonons by electrons with energy close to the threshold values of phonon emission.
Studies of film deposition in fluorocarbon plasmas employing a small gap structure (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ling Zheng, Li Ling, Xuefeng Hua, Gottlieb S. Oehrlein, E. A. Hudson; Studies of film deposition in fluorocarbon plasmas employing a small gap structure. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 July 2005; 23 (4): 634–642. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1931680 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Chemical education in Minnesota (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical education in MinnesotaR. E. Kirk Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1929, 6, 9, 1497Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1929Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1929Published inissue 1 September 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ed006p1497RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The physics of the cranial cavity, hydrocephalus and normal pressure hydrocephalus: mechanical interpretation and mathematical model. (1976)

It is intended for this research, to provide some basis for the understanding of the rational mechanics of the cranial content. There are many interesting and controversial facts derived from the experimental and clinical-pathological observations of hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure. For instance, in some patients a moderate increase of intracranial pressure is accompanied by hydrocephalus and mental changes, while in others, with high intracranial pressure, the ventricles and mental functions remain unaltered. What then is the parameter that changes the size of the ventricles and impairs brain function? It is shown how the transmission of intraventricular pressure throughout the brain parenchyma creates a stress distribution that varies in magnitude; how during the production, maintenance, and reversal of hydrocephalus, and normal pressure hydrocephalus the stress is distributed throughout the brain; and how in the presence of a sudden increase of intracranial pressure nature has arranged additional mechanisms for protecting the brain. It is important to recognize that some aspects of intracranial physiopathology can be explained through classical concepts of physics, prior to attempting to interpret such processes solely in terms of biological or auto-regulatory phenomena.
Hydrothermal Aging Behavior of Nanocrystalline Y‐TZP Ceramics (2011)

The influence of grain size and yttria content on the hydrothermal aging behavior of yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramics has been investigated via the preparation of genuine, fully dense nanozirconia ceramics with <100 nm grain size by two‐step sintering. The samples were aged at different temperatures for varying periods of time and XRD and micro‐Raman spectroscopy have been used to monitor the aging process while the hardness of the samples was used as a measure of the deterioration in the physical properties. The results were compared with those of a commercial submicrometer 3YSZ zirconia sample subjected to the same aging treatment and characterization. Nano3YSZ with <100 nm grain size did not exhibit degradation, whereas the submicrometer 3YSZ samples underwent severe degradation.
Cloning and Expression of Treponema pallidum Common Antigen (Tp-4) in Escherichia coli K12 (1987)

A library of Treponema pallidum DNA was constructed using a cosmid cloning system. Sixteen hundred Escherichia coli recombinant clones were generated covering the T. pallidum genome with a probability of 99%. Three hundred of the clones were screened for expression of T. pallidum antigens by a modified rocket immunoelectrophoresis technique using a polyspecific antiserum to T. pallidum. One clone was identified which produced the 'common antigen' (CA) of T. pallidum (Tp-4). CA shares epitopes with antigens present in more than 50 different bacterial species, but nothing is known about its structure, function and localization. The recombinant E. coli clone will be of value for a structural analysis of the CA gene.
Serum albumin acts as a shuttle to enhance cholesterol efflux from cells (2013)

An important mechanism contributing to cell cholesterol efflux is aqueous transfer in which cholesterol diffuses from cells into the aqueous phase and becomes incorporated into an acceptor particle. Some compounds can enhance diffusion by acting as shuttles transferring cholesterol to cholesterol acceptors, which act as cholesterol sinks. We have examined whether particles in serum can enhance cholesterol efflux by acting as shuttles. This task was accomplished by incubating radiolabeled J774 cells with increasing concentrations of lipoprotein-depleted sera (LPDS) or components present in serum as shuttles and a constant amount of LDL, small unilamellar vesicles, or red blood cells (RBC) as sinks. Synergistic efflux was measured as the difference in fractional efflux in excess of that predicted by the addition of the individual efflux values of sink and shuttle alone. Synergistic efflux was obtained when LPDS was incubated with cells and LDL. When different components of LPDS were used as shuttles, albumin produced synergistic efflux, while apoA-I did not. A synergistic effect was also obtained when RBC was used as the sink and albumin as shuttle. The previously observed negative association of albumin with coronary artery disease might be linked to reduced cholesterol shuttling that would occur when serum albumin levels are low.
Quality Evaluation of yut(Korean Traditional Candy) Prepared from Low Quality Dried Persimmon (2005)

This study was performed to develop yut(Korean Traditional Candy), products using dried-persimmon, with the ratio of 5, 10, 15, 20 and , and the quality characteristics were investigated. The proximate compositions of dried-persimmon were moisture, crude protein, crude lipids, crude ash and crude fiber, respectively. Brix of yut products were ranged from to . With increasing the amount of dried-persimmon, hunter's color values of Land b were reduced. In the texture property, the addition of dried-persimmon increased hardness, fracturability, gumminess and chewiness, while decreased adhesiveness. Judging from texture, taste and overall acceptability of the yut product, the recommended substitution level of dried-persimmons was . In consumer sensory score, the gave high score of color, while the gave high score of sweetness. Overall acceptance of yut products of were good in old-age consumers.
OCP and the Computer Analysis of Texts: the Birmingham Polytechnic Experience (1990)

The paper describes a final-year option on Birmingham Polytechnic's English Language and Literature degree in ’Computer-aided Text Analysis‘. Students use the Polytechnic's PRIME mainframe computer to undertake small-scale projects on text samples, using the Oxford Concordance Program. Students select their own texts and arrange for them to be stored in the computer. They are encouraged to exploit the features of OCP by close reference to the OCP Manual in order to make an analysis of their texts, either for some literary or for some linguistic purpose. The project write-up, which is the outcome of the module, includes an evaluation of the use of the computer in their investigation. The majority of students do a ‘comparative’ study, of a broadly stylistic nature. Others undertake ‘thematic’ studies, usually in the work of a single author. A third group undertake ‘linguistic’ studies, selecting some linguistic feature (s) for investigation and comparing different varieties of text for their feature. Students work largely on their own, design their own projects, and are responsible for managing them. This option provides a successful integration of the literature and linguistic aspects of the course, encourages students to cooperate with each other in what is essentially a problem-solving activity, and gives students an appreciation of the limitations and possibilities of computing in the analysis of texts.
Beyond the relational database model (2005)

The relational model is a set-theoretic model for describing data constructs common in the business environment. Relational databases also minimize data duplication, which ensures data integrity and reduces storage requirements. Further, the relational model provides a way to represent variable-length constructs with fixed-length components. In addition, normalization theory is the basis of hundreds of papers and successful tenure applications. This ensured the academic community would carry the model forward. Finally, by following open standards, including the structured query language, vendors created a buzz with dozens of relational DBMS products such as System R, DB2, Oracle, SQL Server, Ingres, dBase, R:Base, Pearl, Paradox, and Access. An XDS have many advantages over a relational database, including seamless integration with user views as well as all the benefits of XML standards such as XML schema validation and the extensible stylesheet language for document materialization.
An Efficient Three-Dimensional Localization Scheme Using Trilateration in Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

In this letter, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) localization algorithm based on a simple range-based localization approach. The proposed scheme requires distance measurements associated with only three anchor nodes for a 3D location estimation using linear least squares estimation (LLSE). It uses Heron's formula of tetrahedron to calculate the target height and then transforms a two-dimensional location computed by LLSE into a 3D estimated location. Simulation results validate the accuracy of the proposed scheme.
Evidence for T-cell clonal expansion in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (1994)

Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) often contain a large mononuclear cell infiltrate, composed mainly of T-lymphocytes which could reflect an in situ immune reaction against the malignant SCCHN cells. We analyzed the molecular structure of the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains expressed by lymphocytes in the tumor, peripheral blood (PBMC), and in the peritumoral tissue in six cases of localized SCCHN. We first determined V alpha and V beta gene segment subfamily usage by polymerase chain reaction using a panel of V subfamily-specific oligonucleotide primers (V alpha 1-w29 and V beta 1-w24). An apparently unrestricted usage of V alpha or V beta gene segment subfamilies was observed for all three samples from the six cases examined. No major difference was observed in T-cell receptor repertoire expression of PBMC between SCCHN and healthy donors, making unlikely the expression of putative tumor-related superantigen(s) in these patients. Intersample comparisons for a given V alpha or V beta T-cell receptor specificity revealed some differences in V gene segment usage in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes versus PBMC. A detailed analysis of these V segment subfamily specificities (cloning followed by sequencing and CDR3 size distribution analysis) in one patient revealed the presence of recurrent T-cell receptor transcripts (i.e., identical V-N-J sequences) in the tumor (e.g., 40%) and in PBMC (e.g., 75%). These results show that unique T-cell subpopulations are clonally amplified in SCCHN patients, possibly as a consequence of antigen-driven selection.