gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial layer effects in Co-Cr films (1984)

Results are reported which indicate the presence of a magnetically soft initial or nucleation layer in RF diode sputtered CoCr films. As a whole, the films have strong perpendicular anisotropy. However, there appears to be an initial layer some 1000-1500 angstroms thick for 1 micron films and its presence is noted in SEM fracture cross-sections, in-plane hysteresis loops, and in rotational hysteresis torque measurements. This layer seems to reverse by in-plane domain wall motion in spite of the dominant perpendicular curling or buckling reversal of the film as a whole. At small fields, the reversal is clearly by domain wall motion involving only a fraction of the volume while at higher fields the reversal is consistent with curling or buckling and involves almost all of the volume.
Recurrent Neural Networks for Prediction: Learning Algorithms,Architectures and Stability (2001)

New technologies in engineering, physics and biomedicine are demanding increasingly complex methods of digital signal processing. By presenting the latest research work the authors demonstrate how real-time recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can be implemented to expand the range of traditional signal processing techniques and to help combat the problem of prediction. Within this text neural networks are considered as massively interconnected nonlinear adaptive filters.\n\n- Analyses the relationships between RNNs and various nonlinear models and filters, and introduces spatio-temporal architectures together with the concepts of modularity and nesting\n\n- Examines stability and relaxation within RNNs\n\n- Presents on-line learning algorithms for nonlinear adaptive filters and introduces new paradigms which exploit the concepts of a priori and a posteriori errors, data-reusing adaptation, and normalisation\n\n- Studies convergence and stability of on-line learning algorithms based upon optimisation techniques such as contraction mapping and fixed point iteration\n\n- Describes strategies for the exploitation of inherent relationships between parameters in RNNs\n\n- Discusses practical issues such as predictability and nonlinearity detecting and includes several practical applications in areas such as air pollutant modelling and prediction, attractor discovery and chaos, ECG signal processing, and speech processing\n\nRecurrent Neural Networks for Prediction offers a new insight into the learning algorithms, architectures and stability of recurrent neural networks and, consequently, will have instant appeal. It provides an extensive background for researchers, academics and postgraduates enabling them to apply such networks in new applications.
PIRest Technology - How to Keep the Last Position of PZT Actuators without Electrical Power (2018)

The PIRest technology is a completely new way of driving piezoelectric PZT actuators for quasistatic, long-term stable alignments with nanometer resolution. It can be used to actively adjust and readjust the dimension that was changed between two components due to drifting or changes in tolerance without manual intervention. Therefore, alignment tasks within difficult-to-access areas and systems are considerably simplified. A specially optimized PZT material guarantees displacement in the micrometer range without supplying an offset voltage. The technology is based on ferroelectric domain switching processes. By controlling the actuator with special electrical signals, its remanent strain can be increased or decreased step-by-step with nanometer resolution. Furthermore, the long-term stability was proofed over a period of several weeks. The PIRest technology is based on a phenomenological model that describes the behavior by paying attention to the most important influencing factors such as temperature and preload.
Development of an encapsulation process for use in a universal automated fixturing system (1999)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.
Current Research Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently presents one of the biggest healthcare issues in the developed countries. There is no effective treatment capable of slowing down disease progression. In recent years the main focus of research on novel pharmacotherapies was based on the amyloidogenic hypothesis of AD, which posits that the beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide is chiefly responsible for cognitive impairment and neuronal death. The goal of such treatments is (a) to reduce Aβ production through the inhibition of β and γ secretase enzymes and (b) to promote dissolution of existing cerebral Aβ plaques. However, this approach has proven to be only modestly effective. Recent studies suggest an alternative strategy centred on the inhibition of the downstream Aβ signalling, particularly at the synapse. Aβ oligomers may cause aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation postsynaptically by forming complexes with the cell-surface prion protein (PrPC). PrPC is enriched at the neuronal postsynaptic density, where it interacts with Fyn tyrosine kinase. Fyn activation occurs when Aβ is bound to PrPC-Fyn complex. Fyn causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Fyn kinase blockers masitinib and saracatinib have proven to be efficacious in treating AD symptoms in experimental mouse models of the disease.
Live attenuated pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoprotein E1 of hog cholera virus protects swine against both pseudorabies and hog cholera (1991)

To investigate whether live attenuated pseudorabies virus (PRV) can be used as a vaccine vector, PRV recombinants that expressed envelope glycoprotein E1 of hog cholera virus (HCV) were generated. Pigs inoculated with these recombinants developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against PRV and HCV and were protected against both pseudorabies and hog cholera (classical swine fever).
Synthesis and In-vitro Evaluation of Platelet Aggregation Inhibitory Activity of Paeonol and its Analogues (1999)

Paeonol (1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone) and a series of substituted 1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)ethanone derivatives were synthesized and screened as inhibitors of platelet aggregation.



The compounds with the greatest anti-platelet potential among the series tested were 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (65-36% inhibition at 300 μM against 5 μM ADP), paeonol (36.31%), 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (24.47%), 1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl) ethanone (30.40%) and 1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanone (24.43%).
Tests und Erfahrungen über den Korrosionsschutz durch Anstrichsysteme auf Siliconharzbasis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Temperaturwechselbeanspruchung (1969)

Abstract Es wird über die Entwickling von aluminiumpigmentierten Siliconharzanstrichen berichtet, die eine Dauertemperaturbeständigkeit von mindestens 600°C besitzen und dabei Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen von 600°C bis 0°C ohne Schaden ausgesetzt werden können. Einbesonderer Vorteil der entwicklten Systeme besteht in der Verwendung der gleichen Rezeptur für Grundierung und Deckanstrich sowie darin, daß auch der nicht eingebrannte Anstrich bereits einen vollkommenen Korrosionsschutz bietet. Die Systeme wurden in praxisnahen Tests, die ausführlich geschildert werden, wie auch in der Praxis eingehend erprobt. Nach mehr als einjähriger Bewährung in einem praktischen Einsatz auf den Trockenkammertüren einer Ziegelei, wobei eine sehr starke Belastung durch SO 2 ‐haltige Trockengase gegeben ist, wird erwartet, daß diese Anstriche eine Lebensdauer von mindestens 5 Jahren Besitzen.
Stress effect and enhanced magnetoresistance in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.67</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.33</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MnO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films (1998)

The transport properties and magnetoresistive behavior of ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ films deposited on Si and ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ buffered Si substrates has been investigated. The introduction of a ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ buffer layer between ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ films and Si substrates revealed a marked effect in shifting the resistivity peak to low temperature and increasing the resistivity, in a similar way to that earlier observed in hydrostatic pressure studies. Enhanced magnetoresistance, with a $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ ratio of 96% at 97 K in a magnetic field of 12 T, has been obtained in such film structures. The increase in magnetoresistance and decrease in the ferromagnetic transition temperature compared with unbuffered layers can be ascribed to a partial release in stress. The observed phenomena can be understood by the weakened ferromagnetic coupling and the decrease in transfer integral for electrical conduction between Mn ions as a result of an increase in the Mn-O bond length due to decreased tensile stress in the $a\ensuremath{-}b$ plane, which correspond qualitatively with Zener double exchange theory.
Laser-generated plasma as soft x-ray source (1986)

We present some properties of laser-generated plasma emission in the soft x-ray region. Detailed spectral distributions are reported for different target materials (C, Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ta, Au, Pb, and Bi) in the energy range from 100 to 800 eV. Furthermore, we include measurements of the angular distribution, laser power dependence, and source size of the soft x rays. The efficiency for soft x-ray generation in our energy range peaks at a laser power density of 1012 W/cm2, which can be obtained already with standard laser systems. A comparison is made with other x-ray sources. To demonstrate the unique properties of laser-generated plasmas as soft x-ray source, we report the first single-shot EXAFS measurement in the soft x-ray region.
Role of Pre-A Motif in Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Truncated Hemoglobin, HbN, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2009)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobin, HbN, is endowed with a potent nitric-oxide dioxygenase activity and has been found to relieve nitrosative stress and enhance in vivo survival of a heterologous host, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, within the macrophages. These findings implicate involvement of HbN in the defense of M. tuberculosis against nitrosative stress. The protein carries a tunnel system composed of a short and a long tunnel branch that has been proposed to facilitate diatomic ligand migration to the heme and an unusual Pre-A motif at the N terminus, which does not contribute significantly to the structural integrity of the protein, as it protrudes out of the compact globin fold. Strikingly, deletion of Pre-A region from the M. tuberculosis HbN drastically reduces its ability to scavenge nitric oxide (NO), whereas its insertion at the N terminus of Pre-A lacking HbN of Mycobacterium smegmatis improved its nitric-oxide dioxygenase activity. Titration of the oxygenated adduct of HbN and its mutants with NO indicated that the stoichiometric oxidation of protein is severalfold slower when the Pre-A region is deleted in HbN. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the excision of Pre-A motif results in distinct changes in the protein dynamics, which cause the gate of the tunnel long branch to be trapped into a closed conformation, thus impeding migration of diatomic ligands toward the heme active site. The present study, thus, unequivocally demonstrates vital function of Pre-A region in NO scavenging and unravels its unique role by which HbN might attain its efficient NO-detoxification ability.
Analysis of Short Term Path Prediction of Human Locomotion for Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications (2012)

When human locomotion is used to interact with virtual or augmented environments, the system's immersion could be improved by providing reliable information about the user's walking intention. Such a prediction can be derived from tracking data to determine the future walking direction. This paper analyses how tracking data relates to navigation decisions from an egocentric view in order to achieve a reliable and stable path prediction. Since tracking data is noisy, a smoothening is required that eliminates oscillations while still recognizing trends in human locomotion. Thus, we analyze different approaches for path prediction, determine relevant setting values, and verify the results by a user study. Results indicate that robust short term prediction of human locomotion is possible but care must be taken when designing such a predictor.
Room-Temperature Copper-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Malonates (2007)

An effective method in targeting alpha-aryl malonates is reported. In the presence of a catalytic amount of 2-picolinic acid and CuI, the coupling of aryl iodides with diethyl malonate proceeds smoothly even at room temperature. The high levels of functional group compatibility and exceptionally mild reaction conditions offer this an attractive protocol in accessing a variety of arylated malonates.
Effect of Nano-ZrO2 Particulates Reinforcement on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Solidification Processed Elemental Mg (2007)

In the present study, elemental and nano-ZrO 2 particulates reinforced magnesium materials were synthesized using an innovative disintegrated melt deposition technique followed by hot extrusion. Microstructural characterization of the composite samples showed retention of reinforcement, significant grain refinement of magnesium matrix, and the presence of minimal porosity. Mechanical properties characterization revealed that the presence of nano-ZrO 2 reinforcement lead to significant improvement in hardness, 0.2% yield strength and UTS but adversely affected ductility. The results further revealed that the combination of 0.2% yield strength, UTS, and ductility exhibited by nano-ZrO 2 reinforced magnesium remained much superior even when compared to magnesium reinforced with much higher volume percentage of micron-size SiC P . An attempt is made in the present study to correlate the effect of nano-ZrO 2 as reinforcement and its increasing amount with the microstructural and mechanical properties of magnesium.
Effect Of Chronic Lithium Administration On Endothelium‐Dependent Relaxation In Rat Aorta (2000)

1. The effects of chronic lithium administration on the relaxant responses of rat thoracic aortic rings in the presence of indomethacin (a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) and/or NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG; a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) to acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside were investigated in the present study. 2. Acetylcholine produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in vessels precontracted by phenylephrine (PE), while in lithium-treated rats the maximal relaxation was significantly increased. 3. Indomethacin (20 mumol/L) significantly potentiated the ACh-induced relaxation in lithium-treated and control rats. 4. NG-Nitro-L-arginine (1 mumol/L) decreased the ACh-induced relaxation in both control and lithium-treated rats. In contrast, indomethacin (20 mumol/L) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NOARG. 5. Sodium nitroprusside produced similar concentration-dependent relaxations of vessels from both control and lithium-treated rats, which was not affected by indomethacin. In endothelium-denuded rings, indomethacin (20 mumol/L) caused a rightward shift in the concentration-contraction curve to PE. 6. These data support evidence for a possible increase in endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by ACh during long-term administration of lithium in rat aortic rings.
Drug injection into fat tissue with a laser based microjet injector (2011)

We have investigated a new micro drug jet injector using laser pulse energy. An infrared laser beam of high energy (∼3 J/pulse) is focused inside a driving fluid in a small chamber. The pulse then induces various energy releasing processes, and generates fast microjets through a micronozzle. The elastic membrane of this system plays an important role in transferring mechanical pressure and protecting drug from heat release. In this paper, we offer the sequential images of microjet generation taken by a high speed camera as an evidence of the multiple injections via single pulse. Furthermore, we test the proposed system to penetrate soft animal tissues in order to evaluate its feasibility as an advanced transdermal drug delivery method.
Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications (2018)

The gastrointestinal tract is a specialized organ in which dynamic interactions between host cells and the complex environment occur in addition to food digestion. Together with the chemical barrier of the mucosal layer and the cellular immune system, the epithelial cell layer performs a pivotal role as the first physical barrier against external factors and maintains a symbiotic relationship with commensal bacteria. The tight junction proteins, including occludin, claudins, and zonula occludens, are crucial for the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. To allow the transport of essential molecules and restrict harmful substances, the intracellular signaling transduction system and a number of extracellular stimuli such as cytokines, small GTPases, and post-translational modifications dynamically modulate the tight junction protein complexes. An imbalance in these regulations leads to compromised barrier integrity and is linked with pathological conditions. Despite the obscurity of the causal relationship, the loss of barrier integrity is considered to contribute to inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and metabolic disorders. The elucidation of the role of diseases in barrier integrity and the underlying regulatory mechanisms have improved our understanding of the intestinal barrier to allow the development of novel and potent therapeutic approaches.
Song of the Meadowlark: The Story of an American Indian and the Nez Perce War by John A. Sanford (1987)

62 Western American Literature Song of the Meadowlark: The Story of an American Indian and the Nez Perce War. By John A. Sanford. (New York: Harper & Row, 1986. 297 pages, $16.95.) John A. Sanford’s Song of the Meadowlark is an ambitious historical novel based on the Nez Perce War of 1877. Sanford is a capable writer, and when he writes about the war itself or about Indian myths and customs, he does quite well. But Song of the Meadowlark tries to be more than an historical novel. Teeto Hoonod, the Nez Perce warrior who is the novel’s narrator, is also a mystic who has undertaken a “Vision Quest,” a search for mystical illumina­ tion which ends with his sudden awareness “that all things, though many, yet are one. . . . ” After his brother is killed in battle, however, Teeto Hoonod tries to get revenge and in the process forfeits his ability to understand the spiritual nature of things. The Nez Perce War which gradually destroys the tribe is parallel to the anger that erodes his spiritual insight. He regains that insight only when he abandons his search for revenge and, having deserted his tribe, makes a “separate peace.” Song of the Meadowlark has affinities with works of the highest stature in American literature—works in which the hero is able to preserve his spiri­ tual integrity only by withdrawing from the world. Thoreau, Melville, Twain, and Hemingway have been here already. But as good a writer as Sanford is when dealing with historical materials, he iscertainly not their match—at least in this novel. Teeto Hoonod and the other major figures in the book are not very well characterized; there is nothing especially subtle here, nothing com­ plex. They seem echoes of characters we have seen somewhere else. And when Sanford deals with his hero’s spiritual experience, the prose has a tendency to become suddenly labored, annoyingly sentimental and “poetic.” If Sanford had written strictly an historical novel, Song of the Meadow­ lark might have been a very good book. When he tries to turn the novel into something more ambitious, he fails. EDWARD HALSEY FOSTER Stevens Institute of Technology Cantares Mexicanos: Songs of the Aztecs. Translated from the Nahuatl, with an Introduction and Commentary, by John Bierhorst. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985. 559 pages, $48.50.) For more than fifteen years John Bierhorst has labored to bring the American Indian verbal arts to the attention of a wide American readership, and, in such collections as In the Trail of the Wind (1971), Four Masterworks of American Indian Literature (1974), and The Red Swan (1976), he has set increasingly high standards for the herd of anthologists who have lumbered after him. In this book he demonstrates that he is superlative not ...
A flow‐through Hankel transform technique for rapid, accurate Green's function computation (1999)

Layered Earth Green's functions play a central role in modeling the electromagnetic (EM) response of mineral exploration targets, both as the implicit basis of distributed source field computations and for integral equation and hybrid three‐dimensional (3‐D) formulations. They are computed as the Hankel transforms of analytic kernels. Computational precision can depend upon the choice of algebraically equivalent forms by which these kernels are expressed. Since 3‐D modeling can require up to millions of Green's function evaluations, computational time can be significantly reduced by replacing direct point by point evaluation with 1‐D cubic spline representations. Linear digital filters have proven to be a fast and accurate method of computing these Hankel transforms at the spline knots. For a given knot density, accuracy can be maximized by choosing a filter whose evaluation points correspond with the spline knots, which also allows the reuse of kernel evaluations. A new flow‐through Hankel transform technique can further reduce computation times through the optimum use of previously evaluated kernels.
A new contact amorphous torque sensor with wide dynamic range and quick response (1987)

A Torque sensor is described, which uses amorphous ribbons in contact with a sensor head, with a wide dynamic range. A uniaxial magnetic anisotropy Kuo was induced in the (Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">78</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</inf> amorphous alloy ribbons by magnetic field annealing. These amorphous ribbons, with various Kuo/λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> values, were used in order to examine the torsional stress detection characteristics. As expected, a larger Kuo/λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> resulted in a wider dynamic range. The wide dynamic range, 1000 μ strain, was obtained in which the detecting torque sensitivity reached a value ten times as high as that for a strain gage torque sensor, using metal resistance film, where exciting frequency (subcarrier wave frequency) f = 5.4 kHz and the exciting current I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> = 5 mA.