gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Copper Flow Reactor Technology for the Continuous Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles (2009)

Abstract magnified image A library of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles was synthesized using a copper flow reactor. Organic azides, generated in situ from alkyl halides and sodium azide, were reacted with acetylenes using the copper‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. This process eliminates both the handling of organic azides and the need for additional copper catalyst and permits the facile preparation of numerous triazoles in a continuous flow process.
The development of the Emerald programming language (2007)

Emerald is an object-based programming language and system designed and implemented in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Washington in the early and mid-1980s. The goal of Emerald was to simplify the construction of distributed applications. This goal was reflected at every level of the system: its object structure, the programming language design, the compiler implementation, and the run-time support.
Regulation of Proteolytic Activity in the Hyperthermophile <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> (1992)

Pyrococcus furiosus was shown to grow on casein or peptides as the sole carbon, energy, and nitrogen sources, while maltose could be used as a carbon and energy source only if peptides were present in the medium. A mixture of all 20 single amino acids could not replace the peptide requirement. Specific intracellular proteolytic activity was induced under low casein or tryptone levels and was decreased by the addition of maltose to both peptide-limiting and peptide-rich media in batch and continuous cultures. In a peptide-limited chemostat, activity towards azocasein and MeO-Suc-Arg-Pro-Tyr-p-nitroanilide reached a maximum at a dilution rate of 0.28 h, while activity toward l-lysine-p-nitroanilide reached a maximum at 0.50 h. Under peptide-limiting conditions, levels of the 66-kDa protease (S66) were enhanced relative to those of other cell proteins. Preliminary evidence suggests that this protease is immunologically related to the eukaryotic multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteosome).
Bipartite signal for read-through suppression in murine leukemia virus mRNA: an eight-nucleotide purine-rich sequence immediately downstream of the gag termination codon followed by an RNA pseudoknot (1992)

The pol gene of murine leukemia virus and other mammalian type C retroviruses is expressed by read-through suppression of an in-frame UAG codon which separates the gag and pol coding regions. In this study, we have analyzed the sequence requirements for read-through suppression by placing different portions of wild-type and mutant viral sequences from the gag-pol junction between reporter genes and testing transcripts of these constructs for suppression in reticulocyte lysates. We find that the read-through signal is contained within the first 57 nucleotides on the 3' side of the UAG codon. Our results indicate that the identities of six conserved bases in the eight-nucleotide, purine-rich sequence immediately downstream of the UAG codon are critical for suppression, as is the existence of a pseudoknot structure spanning the next 49 nucleotides. Thus, read-through suppression depends on a complex, bipartite signal in the mRNA.
Swelling and Shrinking of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules in Response to Changes in Temperature and Ionic Strength (2003)

Swelling and shrinking of polyelectrolyte microcapsules consisting of poly(styrene sulfonate, sodium salt) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) multilayers have been observed in response to temperature and electrolyte exposure, respectively. Heat-induced capsule swelling and capsule wall volume reduction were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM). On the other hand, pronounced shrinking in diameter induced by exposure to an electrolyte was observed in parallel to increases in the thickness of the capsule wall. The estimated wall volume was reduced to two thirds of the control for the salt-exposed capsules and one half for the salt-exposed and simultaneously annealed capsules. This reduction in volume was supposedly mainly caused by the compression of the capsule wall due to the ionic screening from the electrolyte. The highly porous microstructure of the multilayers and loosely bound PSS/PDADMAC complex are thought to be responsible for the structure of the PSS/PDADMAC capsules being easily modulated upon annealing and salt-exposure.
Breakdown voltage for planar devices with a single field limiting ring (1975)

In this paper a simple means for accurately predicting the breakdown voltage of planar devices with a single field limiting ring is presented. A large mass of theoretical data was generated and then reduced to a single plot which shows the fraction of the ideal breakdown voltage that can be attained with the use of a field limiting ring. This curve can be applied to devices with virtually any substrate doping, junction curvature, and surface concentration. The key to reducing this large amount of data to a single plot is the fact that the data is plotted as a function of a normalized radius of junction curvature which is a precise measure of the curvature effect for virtually any device. Experimental data on the breakdown voltage for 640 devices with single field rings encompassing 16 different separations between the main junction and the field ring are shown. The theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with this data.
Irigermanal and iridogermanal: two new triterpenoids from rhizomes of Iris germanica L (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIrigermanal and iridogermanal: two new triterpenoids from rhizomes of Iris germanica LFranz Josef Marner, Wolfgang Krick, Bernhard Gellrich, Lothar Jaenicke, and Werner WinterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 13, 2531–2536Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00134a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00134a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Accelerated death of retinal microvascular cells in human and experimental diabetic retinopathy. (1996)

To reconstruct the mechanisms for the vasoobliteration that transforms diabetic retinopathy into an ischemic retinopathy, we compared the occurrence of cell death in situ in retinal microvessels of diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Trypsin digests and sections prepared from the retinas of seven patients (age 67 +/- 7 yr) with .9 +/- 4 yr of diabetes and eight age- and sex-matched nondiabetic controls were studied with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) reaction which detects preferentially apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The count of total TUNEL+ nuclei was significantly greater in the microvessels of diabetic (13 +/- 12 per one-sixth of retina) than control subjects (1.3 +/- 1.4, P = 0.0016), as were the counts of TUNEL+ pericytes and endothelial cells (P < 0.006). The neural retinas from both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects were uniformly TUNEL-. Retinal microvessels of rats with short duration of experimental diabetes or galactosemia and absent or minimal morphological changes of retinopathy, showed TUNEL+ pericytes and endothelial cells, which were absent in control rats. These findings indicate that (a) diabetes and galactosemia lead to accelerated death in situ of both retinal pericytes and endothelial cells; (b) the event is specific for vascular cells; (c) it precedes histological evidence of retinopathy; and (d) it can be induced by isolated hyperhexosemia. A cycle of accelerated death and renewal of endothelial cells may contribute to vascular architectural changes and, upon exhaustion of replicative life span, to capillary obliteration.
The Temporal Kinetics of Circulating Angiopoietin Levels in Children With Sepsis (2013)

Pediatric patients with severe sepsis and septic shock possess significantly elevated angiopoietin-2/1 ratios during their first 3 days of illness, which peak at day 2 of illness. A subset of these patients demonstrated variable angiopoietin-2/1 ratio patterns.
An online self-constructing neural fuzzy inference network and its applications (1998)

A self-constructing neural fuzzy inference network (SONFIN) with online learning ability is proposed in this paper. The SONFIN is inherently a modified Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK)-type fuzzy rule-based model possessing neural network learning ability. There are no rules initially in the SONFIN. They are created and adapted as online learning proceeds via simultaneous structure and parameter identification. In the structure identification of the precondition part, the input space is partitioned in a flexible way according to an aligned clustering-based algorithm. As to the structure identification of the consequent part, only a singleton value selected by a clustering method is assigned to each rule initially. Afterwards, some additional significant terms selected via a projection-based correlation measure for each rule will be added to the consequent part incrementally as learning proceeds. The combined precondition and consequent structure identification scheme can set up an economic and dynamically growing network, a main feature of the SONFIN. In the parameter identification, the consequent parameters are tuned optimally by either least mean squares or recursive least squares algorithms and the precondition parameters are tuned by a backpropagation algorithm. To enhance the knowledge representation ability of the SONFIN, a linear transformation for each input variable can be incorporated into the network so that much fewer rules are needed or higher accuracy can be achieved.
A Tumorigenic MLL-Homeobox Network in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells (2012)

Glioblastoma growth is driven by cancer cells that have stem cell properties, but molecular determinants of their tumorigenic behavior are poorly defined. In cancer, altered activity of the epigenetic modifiers Polycomb and Trithorax complexes may contribute to the neoplastic phenotype. Here, we provide the first mechanistic insights into the role of the Trithorax protein mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) in maintaining cancer stem cell characteristics in human glioblastoma. We found that MLL directly activates the Homeobox gene HOXA10. In turn, HOXA10 activates a downstream Homeobox network and other genes previously characterized for their role in tumorigenesis. The MLL-Homeobox axis we identified significantly contributes to the tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma stem cells. Our studies suggest a role for MLL in contributing to the epigenetic heterogeneity between tumor-initiating and non-tumor-initiating cells in glioblastoma.
Semiconductor nanomembranes: a platform for new properties via strain engineering (2012)

New phenomena arise in single-crystal semiconductors when these are fabricated in very thin sheets, with thickness at the nanometer scale. We review recent research on Si and Ge nanomembranes, including the use of elastic strain sharing, layer release, and transfer, that demonstrate new science and enable the fabrication of materials with unique properties. Strain engineering produces new strained forms of Si or Ge not possible in nature, new layered structures, defect-free SiGe sheets, and new electronic band structure and photonic properties. Through-membrane elastic interactions cause the double-sided ordering of epitaxially grown nanostressors on Si nanomembranes, resulting in a spatially and periodically varying strain field in the thin crystalline semiconductor sheet. The inherent influence of strain on the band structure creates band gap modulation, thereby creating effectively a single-element electronic superlattice. Conversely, large-enough externally applied strain can make Ge a direct-band gap semiconductor, giving promise for Group IV element light sources.
Redox Cofactor from Biological Energy Transduction as Molecularly Tunable Energy‐Storage Compound (2013)

Flavin Battery: Flavins are used as a molecularly tunable cathode material that reversibly reacts with two lithium ions and two electrons per formula unit. Combined ex situ analyses and DFT calculations reveal that the redox reaction occurs using two successive single-electron transfer steps at nitrogen atoms of the diazabutadiene motif (see picture). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Real time measurement of transients and electrode edge effects for plasma charging induced damage (2002)

Plasma charging behavior is monitored in-situ by a newly developed wafer charging probe. Both charging voltage measurements and damage studies show that more charging is evident near the electrode edge even without the presence of any magnetic fields. Moreover, plasma charging is seen to consist of both transient and steady state components. Both plasma turn-on and turn-off can cause short term transients due to nonuniformity by plasma initiation and termination. The steady state charging voltage is strongly affected by gas composition, pressure and rf power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The contribution of Vincent Buckley to the Newman society and the intellectual apostolate in the fifties and sixties (2010)

This paper explores the work and influence of Vincent Buckley in the context of the Newman Society and the intellectual apostolate at Melbourne University in the fifties and sixties. An exploration of his talks and writings is presented to show how he drew his listeners and readers into a powerful theological and intellectual vision but then always moved them back insistently into the messiness and struggle of their own everyday lives in the university: the local, here-and-now world, but lived with a particular vision of spiritual transcendence. Always at the heart of his thinking was a reverence for the mystery of human life, specifically each individual life and the social complex in which it is embedded. The big picture for Vin always embraced the whole of living creation. Vin was a leader of his peers in the Newman Society but also of younger people, many of whom were his students. His passionate nature, his exquisite use of language and his non-conformity with many of the usual social expectations demanded attention from those in his presence. It is argued that Vin made a unique contribution in bringing the heart and mind of a poet to shared theological reflection in that community. His writing is explored in the context of recent thinking on theology and metaphor, and poetry and the sacred. Finally, I propose that his writings provide an exemplar of an incarnated Christian life and I illustrate this thesis from his writings, including his poetry.
Metamaterial exhibiting left-handed properties over multiple frequency bands (2004)

We present experimental measurements at microwave frequencies of a double band left-handed metamaterial. The sample of metamaterial is composed of an extended version of the S-shaped resonators that exhibit simultaneously a negative permittivity and a negative permeability response at comparable frequencies. The experimental results clearly show that there exist two frequency bands where the refraction index is negative. The double left-handed passbands are due to the multiple capacitances and inductances induced in the structure, which can be further tuned to realize a metamaterial with multiple (more than two) left-handed frequency bands.
Gain variations in optically gain clamped erbium doped fiber amplifiers (2002)

We present a study detailing the impact of spectral inhomogeneities on optically gain clamped EDFAs. Our results show that spectral hole burning at the laser wavelength dominates the behaviour of the amplifier gain spectrum on the 1 dB level.
Anodic Polarization Behavior of Copper in Aqueous Chloride/Benzotriazole Solutions (1991)

Potential‐pH equilibria and potentiodynamic polarization studies were used to confirm that formation of complexes in and solutions produces a range of potentials at which anodic dissolution of copper occurs without formation of oxide. The interaction of benzotriazole (1 g/l) with oxide‐free copper surfaces in the chloride solutions was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic techniques. Inhibition of the anodic dissolution reaction was obtained in near‐neutral pH solutions and at pH 3.0. Inhibition was ineffective at pH 1.0. The interaction of benzotriazole with oxide‐free surfaces, leading to inhibition, was potential‐ and time‐dependent. Also, a limiting potential was observed and predicted above which additions of benzotriazole are ineffective and above which existing inhibiting films cannot undergo spontaneous repair. The results confirm that benzotriazole can interact with oxide‐free surfaces to promote corrosion inhibition of copper. The characteristics of the inhibition behavior, including breakdown and pH effects, were consistent with an inhibiting film that formed by adsorption of neutral benzotriazole molecules onto the Cu surface, followed by the adsorption of a thin layer of cuprous benzotriazole in polymeric form.
Study on PMI based access control of substation automation system (2006)

Access control with strong authentication becomes crucial for the mission critical and safety critical operation of the substation automation system. According to IEC 61850, access control is needed when the user access to functions or the related LNs, especially to operational functions. But the standard only defines a simple way to resolve the access control problem without strong authentication process, and the mechanisms at the client side like privilege management are also outside its scope. To resolve these problems, a privilege delegation model of substation management and an access control system are designed. The PMI attribute certificate is used by user to assert the privilege to IEDs, and an access security agent is act as a proxy to verify the user's privilege. The special cipher chip authorized by National Cipher Management Office of China is used to implement the cryptographic computation. On the analysis of computation frequency, this design can meet the real-time demands of substation operation
Adverse effects of cystoscopy and its impact on patients' quality of life and sexual performance. (2004)

Rigid cystoscopy is well tolerated by most patients and has only a minor impact on quality of life. However, cystoscopy transiently impairs sexual performance and libido. The early complications are mild and correlate with a diagnosis of BPH.
Cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic transplantation promotes a lasting increase in educated NKG2C+ natural killer cells with potent function (2011)

During mouse cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, a population of Ly49H(+) natural killer (NK) cells expands and is responsible for disease clearance through the induction of a "memory NK-cell response." Whether similar events occur in human CMV infection is unknown. In the present study, we characterized the kinetics of the NK-cell response to CMV reactivation in human recipients after hematopoietic cell transplantation. During acute infection, NKG2C(+) NK cells expanded and were potent producers of IFNγ. NKG2C(+) NK cells predominately expressed killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, and self-killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors were required for robust IFNγ production. During the first year after transplantation, CMV reactivation induced a more mature phenotype characterized by an increase in CD56(dim) NK cells. Strikingly, increased frequencies of NKG2C(+) NK cells persisted and continued to increase in recipients who reactivated CMV, whereas these cells remained at low frequency in recipients without CMV reactivation. Persisting NKG2C(+) NK cells lacked NKG2A, expressed CD158b, preferentially acquired CD57, and were potent producers of IFNγ during the first year after transplantation. Recipients who reactivated CMV also expressed higher amounts of IFNγ, T-bet, and IL-15Rα mRNA transcripts. Our findings support the emerging concept that CMV-induced innate memory-cell populations may contribute to malignant disease relapse protection and infectious disease control long after transplantation.