gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The study of the structure and bioactivity of the B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> • Na<sub>2</sub>O • P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system (2013)

In this study, we have investigated calcium and silicate‐free samples over a wide compositional range in the xB 2 O 3 ·30 Na 2 O·(70−x)P 2 O 5 system, with 0 ≤ x ≤ 70 mol%, in order to determine the influence of the chemical composition on their structure and bioactive response in simulated body fluid. Information related to the chemical structures present in the network was obtained by means of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. For samples containing small amounts of P 2 O 5 , boron structures are preponderant. Upon increasing the phosphorus content, the samples' network is based on phosphate chains linked by boron groups through ‘P–O–B’ bridges. For high concentration of P 2 O 5 , the Q 3 units form three‐dimensional network, whereas Q 2 units assist the chain formation. Regarding the in vitro assessment of bioactivity, the clear print of PO 4 asymmetric bending vibrations of apatite‐like layer in the 540–680 cm −1 spectral domain, the scanning electron micrographs and energy dispersive x‐ray analysis spectra demonstrate that the studied borophosphate samples exhibit good bioactive response only for certain chemical compositions. More exactly, the highest bioactivity is obtained for 30% and 20% B 2 O 3 (mol%) after 3 and 11 days of immersion, respectively. Therefore, the samples with 20–30 mol% boron content are valuable candidates that can be used as materials for tissue engineering applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic assessment of the Al–Li system (2007)

Abstract In the present work a Calphad type thermodynamic assessment of the Al – Li system is presented. The system is dominated by the central AlLi phase, which has an ordered bcc (B32) structure. fcc Al dissolves considerable amounts of Li. If the fcc solid solution is quenched from high temperature, coherent metastable AlLi precipitates with an ordered fcc (L1) structure can form. There are two nearly stoichiometric phases; AlLi and AlLi. The disordered fcc phase and the ordered AlLi phase as well as the disordered bcc phase (Li) and the ordered AlLi phase are described by four-sublattice models. There is a fairly complete set of experimental data available for this system, and most of them are satisfactorily described by the currently optimised parameters.
Design and implementation of a human stress detection system: A biomechanics approach (2008)

This paper presents the design and mechatronics implementation of a human stress detection system (HSDS) using a biomechanics approach. A simple, compact and easy to use system is developed and built on a 2-layer PCB. It consists of two transducers, an LCD display and a micro-controller chip along with their respective interfacing circuits. After characterizing the two transducers, an algorithm was developed based on the measurements to classify the human stress condition. A simple classification rule that was adopted revealed that the system can detect 78% of the stressed examinees. The overall system success rate in identifying one of three states (relaxed, half stressed and stressed) was 60%. One major application for HSDS could be in the automotive industry were the driver condition is constantly monitored, and if a stress state is detected, the driver can be notified to stop the car and relax.
Intranasal inhibitor broadly blocks SARS-CoV-2 including recent highly immunoevasive Omicron subvariants (2021)

SUMMARY The recent emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of efficiently escaping neutralizing antibodies emphasizes the need for prophylactic strategies to complement vaccination in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Nasal epithelium is rich in the ACE2 receptor and important for SARS-CoV-2 transmission by supporting early viral replication before seeding to the lung 1 . Intranasal administration of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies or antibody fragments has shown encouraging potential as a protective measure in animal models 2–5 . However, there remains a dire need for SARS-CoV-2 blocking agents that are less vulnerable to mutational variation in the neutralization epitopes of the viral spike glycoprotein and more economical to produce in large scale. Here we describe TriSb92, a highly manufacturable and extremely stable trimeric human SH3 domain-derived antibody mimetic targeted against a conserved region in the receptor-binding domain of spike. TriSb92 potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern, including Omicron BA.5 as well as the latest and most immunoevasive variants like BF.7, XBB, and BQ.1.1. Intranasal administration of a modest dose of TriSb92 (5 or 50 micrograms) as early as eight hours before a challenge with SARS-CoV-2 efficiently protected mice from infection, and was still effective even when given 4 h after the viral challenge. The target epitope of TriSb92 was defined by cryo-EM, which revealed triggering of a conformational shift in the spike trimer rather than competition for ACE2 binding as the molecular basis of its strong inhibitory action. The high potency and robust biochemical properties of TriSb92 together with the remarkable resistance of its inhibitory action against viral sequence evolution suggest that TriSb92 could be useful as a nasal spray for protecting susceptible individuals from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
<i>EphA</i> family gene expression in the developing mouse neocortex: Regional patterns reveal intrinsic programs and extrinsic influence (2003)

Parcellation of the mammalian cerebral cortex into distinct areas is essential for proper cortical function; however, the developmental program that results in the genesis of distinct areas is not fully understood. We examined the expression of members of the EphA family-the EphA receptor tyrosine kinases and the ephrin-A ligands-within the developing mouse cerebral cortex, with the aim of characterizing this component of the molecular landscape during cortical parcellation. We found that specific embryonic zones, such as the ventricular, subventricular, intermediate, subplate, and marginal zones, as well as the cortical plate, were positive for particular EphA genes early in corticogenesis (E12-E15). Along with this zone-selective expression, several genes (EphA3, EphA4, EphA5) were evenly expressed along the axes of the developing cortex, whereas one family member (EphA7) was expressed in a distinct anteroposterior pattern. Later in corticogenesis (E16-E18), other EphA family members became selectively expressed, but only within the cortical plate: EphA6 was present posteriorly, and ephrin-A5 was expressed within a middle region. At birth, patterning of EphA gene expression was striking. Thus, we found that the expression of a single EphA gene or a combination of family members can define distinct embryonic zones and anteroposterior regions of the neocortex during development. To examine whether cellular context affects the patterning of EphA expression, we examined gene expression in embryonic cortical cells grown in vitro, such that all cellular contacts are lacking, and in Mash-1 mutant mice, in which thalamocortical connections do not form. We found that the expression patterns of most EphA family members remained stable in these scenarios, whereas the pattern of ephrin-A5 was altered. Taken together, this work provides a comprehensive picture of EphA family expression during mouse corticogenesis and demonstrates that most EphA expression profiles are cell intrinsically based, whereas ephrin-A5 is plastically regulated.
Alternative medicine: Herbal drugs and their critical appraisal - Part II (2001)

Among alternative therapeutic approaches that have shown global popularity during the past decades, herbal medicine stands out as a major concern in the countries where allopathic medicine prevails. The sales of herbal products as health care adjuvants in these countries have increased exponentially. Lack of quality control, commercial profiteering and exploitation leading to adulterations, lack of proper knowledge about the herbs and their contents that may exhibit drug-drug interactions and other adverse side-effects, and inappropriate usage of the herbal products have become a cause for concern in the health care professions, particularly in the United States. This review provides an incisive description of the known chemical, pharmacological, clinical and toxicological profiles of four of the most widely used herbal products.
Lung Microbiome for Clinicians. New Discoveries about Bugs in Healthy and Diseased Lungs (2014)

Microbes are readily cultured from epithelial surfaces of the skin, mouth, and colon. In the last 10 years, culture-independent DNA-based techniques demonstrated that much more complex microbial communities reside on most epithelial surfaces; this includes the lower airways, where bacterial culture had failed to reliably demonstrate resident bacteria. Exposure to a diverse bacterial environment is important for adequate immunological development. The most common microbes found in the lower airways are also found in the upper airways. Increasing abundance of oral characteristic taxa is associated with increased inflammatory cells and exhaled nitric oxide, suggesting that the airway microbiome induces an immunological response in the lung. Furthermore, rhinovirus infection leads to outgrowth of Haemophilus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects have more Tropheryma whipplei in the lower airway, suggesting a bidirectional interaction in which the host immune defenses also influence the microbial niche. Quantitative and/or qualitative changes in the lung microbiome may be relevant for disease progression and exacerbations in a number of pulmonary diseases. Future investigations with longitudinal follow-up to understand the dynamics of the lung microbiome may lead to the development of new therapeutic targets.
A neural-fuzzy classifier for recognition of power quality disturbances (2002)

This paper presents a neural-fuzzy technology-based classifier for the recognition of power quality disturbances. The classifier adopts neural networks in the architecture of frequency sensitive competitive learning and learning vector quantization (LVQ). With given size of codewords, the neural networks are trained to determine the optimal decision boundaries separating different categories of disturbances. To cope with the uncertainties in the involved pattern recognition, the neural network outputs, instead of being taken as the final classification, are used to activate the fuzzy-associative-memory (FAM) recalling for identifying the most possible type that the input waveform may belong to. Furthermore, the input waveforms are preprocessed by the wavelet transform for feature extraction so as to improve the classifier with respect to recognition accuracy and scheme simplicity. Each subband of the transform coefficients is then utilized to recognize the associated disturbances.
A CASE OF MARKED TORTUOSITY OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA WITHOUT CALCIFICATION, CAUSING MILD ATTACKS OF SUBACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION (1942)

Case Reports1 August 1942A CASE OF MARKED TORTUOSITY OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA WITHOUT CALCIFICATION, CAUSING MILD ATTACKS OF SUBACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTIONROBERT S. PALMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.ROBERT S. PALMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-17-2-358 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe consensus of present medical opinion is that atherosclerosis of the aorta is most marked in the abdominal portion and that it rarely if ever gives rise to clinical symptoms. This opinion is unanimously expressed in the recent textbooks consulted.1One encounters patients with marked general atherosclerosis of the large vessels complaining of various irregular digestive symptoms, various aches and pains, paresthesias, loss of weight and often mental retardation. Such patients seem to exemplify the results of advanced general senile changes rather than specific localizations, accompanied by rather than due to the atherosclerosis. Some authors2have held that digestive disorders...Bibliography1a. BOYD W: Textbook of pathology, 1938, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 437. b. MUSSER, JOHN H.: Internal medicine, 1938, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 541 (Diseases of blood vessels, E. V. ALLEN). c. WHITE, PAUL D.: Heart disease, 1931, Macmillan Co., New York, p. 526. d. COWDRY, EDMUND V.: Arteriosclerosis, 1933, Macmillan Co., New York, p. 253. Google Scholar2. HELD JW: Digestive symptoms caused by disease of the abdominal vessels with special reference to arteriosclerosis, Med. Jr. and Record, 1925, cxxii, 6-10; and 71-75. Google Scholar3. RIDLONBERKHEISER JEJ: Calcareous degeneration of the dorsal and lumbar aortae as a cause of backache, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1923, lxxx, 1831. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. GOODMAN EH: Angina abdominis, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1918, clx, 524. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Received for publication February 7, 1940. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA clinical roentgenological review of the literature for 1942, pertaining to the digestive tract 1 August 1942Volume 17, Issue 2Page: 358-361KeywordsAortaAtherosclerosisIntellectual disabilityPainWeight loss ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1942 PDF downloadLoading ...
Error Floor Removal for Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Detection (2006)

The performance of bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative detection (BICM-ID) depends strongly on the chosen constellation mapping. In this paper, we present an EXIT chart analysis of a number of mappings that have been designed especially for BICM-ID. This analysis reveals that all these mappings inevitably yield a bit error rate floor, which cannot be overcome by increasing the number of iterations or other measures taken at the receiver side. In order to remove this error floor, we introduce an inner code based on differential encoding with code doping. This coding scheme is of low complexity and introduces no additional redundancy. Two detection schemes of different complexity and similar performance are presented. This enhanced BICM scheme is applied to V-BLAST and a new concept to iteratively mitigate the multi-stream interference is presented
Fractal analysis of microvascular networks in malignant brain tumors (2012)

Brain tumors are characterized by a microvascular network which differs from normal brain vascularity. Different tumors show individual angiogenic patterns. Microvascular heterogeneity can also be observed within a neoplastic histotype. It has been shown that quantification of neoplastic microvascular patterns could be used in combination with the histological grade for tumor characterization and to refine clinical prognoses, even if no objective parameters have yet been validated. To overcome the limits of the Euclidean approach, we employ fractal geometry to analyze the geometric complexity underlying the microangioarchitectural networks in brain tumors. We have developed a computer-aided fractal-based analysis for the quantification of the microvascular patterns in histological specimens and ultra-high-field (7-Tesla) magnetic resonance images. We demonstrate that the fractal parameters are valid estimators of microvascular geometrical complexity. Furthermore, our analysis allows us to demonstrate the high geometrical variability underlying the angioarchitecture of glioblastoma multiforme and to differentiate low-grade from malignant tumors in histological specimens and radiological images. Based on the results of this study, we speculate the existence of a gradient in the geometrical complexity of microvascular networks from those in the normal brain to those in malignant brain tumors. Here, we summarize a new methodology for the application of fractal analysis to the study of the microangioarchitecture of brain tumors; we further suggest this approach as a tool for quantifying and categorizing different neoplastic microvascular patterns and as a potential morphometric biomarker for use in clinical practice.
On the protocol composition logic PCL (2008)

A recent development in formal security protocol analysis is the Protocol Composition Logic (PCL). We identify a number of problems with this logic as well as with extensions of the logic, as defined in [9, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21]. The identified problems imply strong restrictions on the scope of PCL, and imply that some currently claimed PCL proofs cannot be proven within the logic, or make use of unsound axioms. Where possible, we propose solutions for these problems.
A generic selection system for improved expression and thermostability of G protein-coupled receptors by directed evolution (2016)

Structural and biophysical studies as well as drug screening approaches on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been largely hampered by the poor biophysical properties and low expression yields of this largest class of integral membrane proteins. Thermostabilisation of GPCRs by introduction of stabilising mutations has been a key factor to overcome these limitations. However, labelled ligands with sufficient affinity, which are required for selective binding to the correctly folded receptor, are often not available. Here we describe a novel procedure to improve receptor expression and stability in a generic way, independent of specific ligands, by means of directed evolution in E. coli. We have engineered a homogenous fluorescent reporter assay that only detects receptors which are correctly integrated into the inner cell membrane and, thus, discriminates functional from non-functional receptor species. When we combined this method with a directed evolution procedure we obtained highly expressing mutants of the neurotensin receptor 1 with greatly improved thermostability. By this procedure receptors with poor expression and/or low stability, for which no ligands or only ones with poor binding properties are available, can now be generated in quantities allowing detailed structural and biophysical analysis.
High performance sub-40 nm CMOS devices on SOI for the 70 nm technology node (2002)

This work reports on a methodology for achieving high drive current and low gate delay that can be used for the 70 nm technology node. A combination of optimized device design and aggressive gate oxide scaling has been applied to fabricate transistors with saturation currents of 1080 uA/um (NFET, 1171 uA/um dynamic) and 490 uA/um (PFET, 507 uA/um dynamic) at I/sub off/ levels of 100 nA/um for 1.1 volt operation. The physical gate length (L/sub poly/) for these devices is 39 nm. The saturation currents increase to 1180 uA/um and 540 uA/um at I/sub off/ levels of 300 nA/um, which corresponds to gate delays of 0.61 ps and 1.25 ps for NFET and PFET, respectively. These are among the lowest CV/I values ever reported for conventional CMOS scaling. These devices also exhibit excellent high-frequency response, which makes this technology ideally suited for system-on-chip applications that require both high-frequency signal processing and high-speed digital logic. A record high NFET f/sub max/ of 193 GHz has been demonstrated along with an f/sub T/ of 178 GHz.
Assignment of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Gene to a Region of Conserved Synteny on Mouse Chromosome 12 and Human Chromosome 14q (1996)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that mediates homeostatic responses to hypoxia. HIF-1 is a heterodimer consisting of HIF-1alpha, which is encoded by the HIF1A gene, complexed with HIF-1beta, which is encoded by the ARNT gene. In this paper we report the assignment of Hif1a and HIF1A to mouse chromosome 12 and human chromosome 14, respectively. HIF1A was assigned to human chromosome 14q21-q24 by analysis of somatic cell hybrids and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hif1a was localized by interspecific backcross analysis within a region of mouse chromosome 12 encompassing >30 cM that demonstrates conservation of synteny with a region of human chromosome 14 extending from PAX9 at 14q12-q13 to IGHC at 14q32.33.
Fingerprint Synthesis Via Latent Space Representation (2019)

Fingerprint recognition and indexing were addressed extensively in the literature. However, the number of the datasets that are used for research and validation is limited. Due to privacy laws and acts in several countries, it is challenging to release finger prints to the public. Consequently, this imposes a challenge on validating these search techniques on larger datasets that can be couple of hundreds of millions. To overcome this limitation, synthetic fingerprints datasets have been introduced as an alternative solution. In this paper we propose a generative model for synthesising fingerprint datasets. In this present work, the synthetic fingerprints are generated from the latent space representation using variational auto encoder. The network is trained to generate random samples that have same distribution as real finger print using latent vectors. By examining the generated synthetic fingerprints images, the ridge patterns were recognisable in most of cases. The unrecognisable synthetic images are reflecting the presence of low quality images in the training samples of the original dataset. Moreover, the extraction of minutiae relies on the quality of the input fingerprint images. In conclusion, the proposed method was able to generate synthetic image that can be further processed to accurately extract the finger minutiae and orientation field.
A change of ploidy can modify epigenetic silencing. (1996)

A silent transgene in Arabidopsis thaliana was reactivated in an outcross but not upon selfing of hemizygous plants. This result could only be explained by assuming a genetic difference between the transgene-free gametes of the wild-type and hemizygous transgenic plants, respectively, and led to the discovery of ploidy differences between the parental plants. To investigate whether a change of ploidy by itself can indeed influence gene expression, we performed crosses of diploid or tetraploid plants with a strain containing a single copy of a transgenic resistance gene in an active state. We observed reduced gene expression of the transgene in triploid compared with diploid hybrids. This led to loss of the resistant phenotype at various stages of seedling development in part of the population. The gene inactivation was reversible. Thus, an increased number of chromosomes can result in a new type of epigenetic gene inactivation, creating differences in gene expression patterns. We discuss the possible impact of this finding for genetic diploidization in the light of widespread, naturally occurring polyploidy and polysomaty in plants.