gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> double-stranded RNA-binding protein HYL1 plays a role in microRNA-mediated gene regulation (2004)

The Arabidopsis HYL1 gene encodes a nuclear double-stranded RNA-binding protein. A knockout mutation of the hyl1 gene is recessive and pleiotropic, causing developmental abnormalities, increasing sensitivity to abscisic acid, and reducing sensitivity to auxin and cytokinin. We report that levels of several microRNAs (miRNAs; miR159, -167, and -171) are reduced in homozygous mutant plants, and levels of two of three tested target mRNAs are elevated. Conversely, the miRNA levels are elevated in plants expressing a HYL1 cDNA from a strong promoter, and the corresponding target RNAs are reduced. These changes result from alterations in the stability of the target RNAs. However, double-stranded RNA-induced posttranscriptional gene silencing is unaffected by the hyl1 mutation. One-third to one-half of the cellular HYL1 protein is in a macromolecular complex, and a GFP-HYL1 fusion protein is found predominantly in the nucleus, although it is observed in both nucleus and cytoplasm in some cells. Within nuclei, HYL1 is associated with subnuclear bodies and ring-like structures. These observations provide evidence that the HYL1 protein is part of a nuclear macromolecular complex that is involved in miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Because hyl1 mutants show marked abnormalities in hormone responses, these results further suggest that miRNA-mediated changes in mRNA stability play a vital role in plant hormone signaling.
Fuel Volatility Effects on Driveability of Vehicles Equipped with Current and Advanced Fuel Management Systems (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel volatility and cold/hot engine driveability relationships were evaluated in six 1976/1977 model cars representing conventional carburetor and advanced type fuel metering systems. The program objective was to provide guidance for engine modifications to take advantage of fuel benefits or to overcome performance deficiencies. There were large variations among cars in the maximum volatility tolerance relative to vapor lock during summer, hot engine operation, with a fuel-injected and a new design carburetor system tolerating gasoline volatility levels in excess of normal maximum summer levels. Similarly, cold engine start and driveaway performance at low and intermediate ambient conditions varied widely. Fuel-injected cars showed the best performance and least sensitivity to gasoline volatility changes. Performance differences among all cars with a specific fuel were significantly greater than differences resulting from typical variations of fuel volatility for individual cars. This shows that fuel systems can be designed to provide good overall driveability performance and wide tolerance in fuel volatility, permitting greater flexibility to produce unleaded gasoline.</div>
Increased levels of the <i>Drosophila</i> Abelson tyrosine kinase in nerves and muscles: subcellular localization and mutant phenotypes imply a role in cell-cell interactions (1992)

Mutations in the Drosophila Abelson tyrosine kinase have pleiotropic effects late in development that lead to pupal lethality or adults with a reduced life span, reduced fecundity and rough eyes. We have examined the expression of the abl protein throughout embryonic and pupal development and analyzed mutant phenotypes in some of the tissues expressing abl. abl protein, present in all cells of the early embryo as the product of maternally contributed mRNA, transiently localizes to the region below the plasma membrane cleavage furrows as cellularization initiates. The function of this expression is not yet known. Zygotic expression of abl is first detected in the post-mitotic cells of the developing muscles and nervous system midway through embryogenesis. In later larval and pupal stages, abl protein levels are also highest in differentiating muscle and neural tissue including the photoreceptor cells of the eye. abl protein is localized subcellularly to the axons of the central nervous system, the embryonic somatic muscle attachment sites and the apical cell junctions of the imaginal disk epithelium. Evidence for abl function was obtained by analysis of mutant phenotypes in the embryonic somatic muscles and the eye imaginal disk. The expression patterns and mutant phenotypes indicate a role for abl in establishing and maintaining cell-cell interactions.
Maximum airflow through the nose in humans (1991)

Inspiratory and expiratory flow via the nose and via the mouth during maximum-effort vital capacity (VC) maneuvers have been compared in 10 healthy subjects. Under baseline conditions maximum flow via the nose was lower than that via the mouth in the upper 50-60% of the VC on expiration and throughout the VC on inspiration. The mean ratio of maximum inspiratory to maximum expiratory flow at mid-VC was 1.38 during mouth breathing and 0.62 during nasal breathing. Inspiratory flow limitation with no increase in flow through the nose as driving pressure was increased above a critical value (usually between 12 and 30 cmH2O) was found in all six subjects studied. Stenting the alae nasi in seven subjects increased peak flow via the nose from a mean of 3.49 to 4.32 l/s on inspiration and from 4.83 to 5.61 l/s on expiration. Topical application of an alpha-adrenergic agonist in seven subjects increased mean peak nasal flow on inspiration from 3.25 to 3.89 l/s and on expiration from 5.03 to 7.09 l/s. Further increases in peak flow occurred with subsequent alan stenting. With the combination of stenting and topical mucosal vasoconstriction, nasal peak flow on expiration reached 81% and, on inspiration, 79% of corresponding peak flows via the mouth. The results demonstrate that narrowing of the alar vestibule and the state of the mucosal vasculature both influence maximum flow through the nose; under optimal conditions, nasal flow capacity is close to that via the mouth.
Neurosurgical manpower: the physician's viewpoint (1982)

This paper reports a national study of physicians in 24 medical and surgical specialties, and reveals the opinions of neurosurgeons and their professional colleagues with regard to the adequacy of the supply of neurosurgical manpower. Among neurosurgeons, 30.4% believe the supply to be excessive, 60.1% think it is about right, 7.5% believe that there is a shortage, and 2.0% have no opinion. Neurologists' opinions do not differ significantly from those of neurosurgeons, but physicians and surgeons in 22 other specialties are significantly less likely to regard the supply as excessive and are more likely to perceive a shortage. Primary care physicians, as a group, are most likely to perceive a shortage, and least likely to indicate an excess. Among the 24 specialties studied, 9.3% of physicians believe the supply of neurosurgeons to be excessive, 55.1% think it is about right, 22.9% believe that there is a shortage, and 12.8% have no opinion.
Infiltrations du nerf grand occipital comme traitement de l'algie vasculaire de la face : anatomie, physiopathologie et essais thérapeutiques (2013)

L'algie vasculaire de la face est responsable de douleurs tres violentes et invalidantes dans le territoire orbitaire et peri-orbitaire (innerve par la branche ophtalmique du nerf trijumeau). Des traitements medicamenteux existent et permettent de soulager une majorite des patients. Mais chez certains ces traitements sont inefficaces, mal toleres ou contre-indiques. Et ce sont notamment chez eux que les infiltrations de corticoides dans le nerf grand occipital sont interessantes. 10 a 20% des patients sont atteints de la forme chronique, avec des remissions durant moins d'un mois voire pas de remission du tout. Ces patients chroniques peuvent egalement tirer profit des infiltrations car plus volontiers resistants aux medicaments habituellement prescrits. Le nerf grand occipital s'est avere etre une cible interessante pour les traitements locaux tels que les infiltrations et la neurostimulation electrique sous-cutanee. Son trajet et ses variations anatomiques sont importants a connaitre afin de maitriser au mieux ces pratiques. Le mecanisme d'action des infiltrations s'appuie sur l'existence d'une convergence fonctionnelle centrale entre les fibres sensitives de la branche V1 du nerf trijumeau et celles du nerf grand occipital. Leur efficacite et leur tolerance ont ete demontres par plusieurs etudes, sur lesquelles se sont basees des recommandations emises tres recemment et qui encadrent leurs indications. Le guidage par echographie peut amener un complement interessant. Il permettrait de potentialiser l'efficacite du geste en visualisant directement le nerf, et reduirait le risque de lesion vasculaire et d'injection intra-vasculaire. Un nouveau site d'injection a egalement ete decrit, avec semblerait-il une plus grande precision que les sites habituels.
Detecting atrial fibrillation using spatial precision (1996)

Discusses measuring local activation direction variability using short segment lengths to quickly differentiate fibrillation from regular rhythms. It is concluded that the spatial precision of local activation direction shows promise as a potential discriminator of atrial fibrillation from regular atrial rhythms. For the authors' study set, excellent discrimination of atrial fibrillation from regular rhythms was achieved by spatial precision using segment lengths as short as 20 activations. The authors would expect that this method would be even more accurate using permanently implanted electrodes and could be implemented in real-time using four-electrode elements, and may be applicable in the ventricle as well.
Ring-connected hypercubes and their relationship to cubical ring connected cycles and dynamic redundancy networks (1993)

In this paper, we first present a 1-fault-tolerant (1-ft) hypercube model with degree 2r, the ring-connected hypercube (RCH), which has the lowest degree among all 1-ft, one spare node, r-dimensional hypercube architecture yet discovered. Then we propose a zero-time reconfiguration algorithm via an add-and-modulo automorphism. Furthermore, by introducing the equivalence from hypercubes to cube-connected cycles (CCC's) and to butterflies (BF's), we find there is also a corresponding equivalence from RCH's to cubical ring connected cycles (CRCC) and to dynamic redundancy networks (DRN's). From this fact, we find out that once a symmetric fault-tolerant structure has been discovered for one of the three models, then it can apply directly to the other hypercubic networks. Applying the technique, we find a degree 6, 1-ft Benes network. Another point is we think that the strong relationship between hypercubes, CCC's and BF's should be paid more attention, and finally from this equivalence relationship to the RCH's we propose three new bounded-degree k-ft models: k-ft CCC's, k-ft BF's, and k-ft Benes networks.
Imaging of gamma rays with the WINKLER high-resolution germanium spectrometer (1990)

The WINKLER spectrometer is a matrix of nine high-purity n-type germanium detectors developed for astrophysical observations and terrestrial monitoring. The spectrometer has been fitted with a set of modulation collimator grids designed for imaging hard X-ray and gamma-ray sources by the Mertz, Nakano, and Kilner (1986) method. This technique uses a pair of gridded collimators in front of each detector with the number of grid bars varying from one to N, where N is the number of detectors. When the collimator pairs are rotated through a full 360 degrees angular range, the detector signals provide the information for a two-dimensional bandlimited Fourier reconstruction of order N. Tests of the spectrometer with single and multiple point sources as well as continuous source distributions are reported. The spectrometer's field of view is 20 degrees , and the observed FWHM of the point spread function is 1.6 degrees , in good agreement with simulation results. Images have been obtained for gamma-ray energies from 60 keV to 1.3 MeV, although transmission through the grids reduces contrast at the higher energies. Potential capabilities of the spectrometer for locating the position of single point sources or resolving structure in closely spaced source distributions are discussed, as well as proposed upgrades to improve angular resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Syntactic segmentation and labeling of digitized pages from technical journals (1993)

A method for extracting alternating horizontal and vertical projection profiles are from nested sub-blocks of scanned page images of technical documents is discussed. The thresholded profile strings are parsed using the compiler utilities Lex and Yacc. The significant document components are demarcated and identified by the recursive application of block grammars. Backtracking for error recovery and branch and bound for maximum-area labeling are implemented with Unix Shell programs. Results of the segmentation and labeling process are stored in a labeled x-y tree. It is shown that families of technical documents that share the same layout conventions can be readily analyzed. Results from experiments in which more than 20 types of document entities were identified in sample pages from two journals are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generating a network reliability formula by using binary decision diagrams (2015)

Evaluating network reliability is essential for network management. In the case that the failure probabilities of nodes and links change in an evaluation, iterative calculation of the reliability is required. In large networks, however, this calculation takes considerable time; thus, iterative calculation cannot be done within a practical amount of time. In this paper, we present a method for generating network reliability formulas that is based on the reliability calculation method with binary decision diagrams (BDD). We show that the time taken to calculate reliability can be reduced by the formula expression in some orders of magnitude compared with the conventional BDD calculation method, which excludes the overhead of formula generation.
Stronger seed for a multiterawatt few-cycle pulse OPCPA (2007)

Summary form only given. Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification is a unique tool for amplification of ultra-broadband pulses to highest energies. In this this paper, we implement a stronger seed source which delivers muJ -level seed pulses with excellent temporal contrast. A 1 kHz, 1 mJ Ti:sapphire amplifier is used as front-end. The output pulses of the Ti:sapphire amplifier are broadened in a hollow-core fiber (HCF) obtaining ultra-broadband pulses with 400 muJ energy. A fraction of this output (50 muJ) is used to generate the seed for a broadband OPCPA in the near infrared.
Frequency of blood CX <sub>3</sub> CR1‐positive natural killer cells correlates with disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients (2005)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by enormous variability in its clinical presentation and course, and for which clear diagnostic parameters are lacking. Here we performed an RNA screen in peripheral mononuclear cells from relapsing-remitting (RR) and primary progressive (PP) MS patients compared with healthy donors (HD) that indicated, among other findings, a role for the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 as a diagnostic marker. Gene expression and flow cytometric analyses demonstrated a significantly lower expression of CX3CR1 in MS patients compared with healthy individuals. The subpopulation of cells responsible for causing this reduced expression of CX3CR1 consisted exclusively of natural killer (NK) cells. Importantly, we found a correlation between disease activity and frequency of CX3CR1-positive NK cells in RRMS patients. These findings emphasize the role of NK cells in the development and course of MS and provide evidence for CX3CR1 expression as a marker for MS patients and disease activity.
Effects of Life Satisfaction Expectancy, Mindfulness and Social Support on Depression of the Marital Middle-aged Women (2011)

본 연구는 중년기 여성의 우울을 감소시키는 요인을 파악하고자, 삶의 기대, 마음챙김, 사회적 지지의 영향력을 탐색하였다. 이를 위하여 1개의 원격대학에서 2009년 3월에서 6월까지 중년기 기혼여성을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료는 총 182부이며 SPSS 15.0을 사용하여, 기술통계, t-test 및 ANOVA 분석, Pearson 상관관계, 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과, 삶의 기대(p<.001), 사회적 지지(p<.05)가 중년기여성의 우울에 유의미한 변인으로 나타났다. 즉, 우울수준이 높아지고, 삶의 기대가 높을수록, 사회적지지가 높을수록 우울수준이 낮았다. 한면, 마음챙김 변인은 우울에 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 마지막으로 연구결과를 바탕으로 중년기 여성의 우울 감소를 위한 실천적인 개입방법에 대한 제언과 가족내 중년기 여성들의 정신건강 증진이 가족전체에 미칠 긍정적인 영향을 제언하였다. This paper was to investigate the effects of life satisfaction expectancy, mindfulness and social support of marital middle-aged women on depression. This survey was conducted from March, 2009 to June, 2009 and 182 responses from the survey were used for the analysis. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, psarson correlation and Multiple Regression. The research findings could be summarized as the followings. First, the mean score of life satisfaction expectancy, mindfulness, social support of the marital middle-aged women were higher, while, the mean score of depression are lower relatively. Second, among the main factors, life satisfaction expectancy, social support were the significant predictor to explain depression of marital middle-aged women. Third, the depression of marital middle-aged women was not significantly influenced by mindfulness.
Charge-Controlled Nanoprecipitation as a Modular Approach to Ultrasmall Polymer Nanocarriers: Making Bright and Stable Nanoparticles (2015)

Ultrasmall polymer nanoparticles are rapidly gaining importance as nanocarriers for drugs and contrast agents. Here, a straightforward modular approach to efficiently loaded and stable sub-20-nm polymer particles is developed. In order to obtain ultrasmall polymer nanoparticles, we investigated the influence of one to two charged groups per polymer chain on the size of particles obtained by nanoprecipitation. Negatively charged carboxylate and sulfonate or positively charged trimethylammonium groups were introduced into the polymers poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). According to dynamic light scattering, atomic force and electron microscopy, the presence of one to two charged groups per polymer chain can strongly reduce the size of polymer nanoparticles made by nanoprecipitation. The particle size can be further decreased to less than 15 nm by decreasing the concentration of polymer in the solvent used for nanoprecipitation. We then show that even very small nanocarriers of 15 nm size preserve the capacity to encapsulate large amounts of ionic dyes with bulky counterions at efficiencies >90%, which generates polymer nanoparticles 10-fold brighter than quantum dots of the same size. Postmodification of their surface with the PEG containing amphiphiles Tween 80 and pluronic F-127 led to particles that were stable under physiological conditions and in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. This modular route could become a general method for the preparation of ultrasmall polymer nanoparticles as nanocarriers of contrast agents and drugs.
A New Route to 3- and 2,6-Substituted Fluorenes<sup>2</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Route to 3- and 2,6-Substituted Fluorenes2ELIZABETH K. WEISBURGER and JOHN H. WEISBURGERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 8, 1193–1198Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01102a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01102a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Steroids and Steroidases. XV. Investigations of Some 2-Lithio-1,3-dithiane Reactions Directed Towards the Introduction of Corticoid and Related Functions at C-17 of the Steroid Nucleus (1972)

The potential of 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane reactions for the introduction of corticoid and related C-17 functions into the steroid nucleus has been explored. Although attempts to effect the direct addition of the dithiane reagents to C-17 ketones met with limited success, reactions of C-17 spiroepoxides were found to provide a convenient entry into routes to homocorticoid compounds.
Tissue Targeting in Cancer: eIF4E's Tale (2009)

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is elevated in many human cancers. Tissue-specific targeting of eIF4E activity in ovarian cancer cells is achieved in cell culture and in mice by fusing a peptide corresponding to the eIF4E inhibitor, the eIF4E binding protein 1 (BP1), to an agonist of the gonadotropin receptor.
Magneto-Optical Properties of (RBi)<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> at 0.8 n m Wavelength Band (1989)

Optical absorption and Faraday rotation in bulk single crystals of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3-x</sub> Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) were measured in the wavelength range from 0.7 to 1.1 μm. The peak in the broad absorption band located near 0.9 μm shifts to higher energies as the size of the R ions increases, at a rate of -0.27 μm/Å. Therefore the absorption at a given wavelength near 0.8 μm, in the valley between the two broad absorption bands near 0.7 μm and 0.9 μm, can be minimized by choosing an ion R of the proper size. The magneto-optical figure of merit of Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.2</sub> Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> is 13 deg/dB at 0.83 μm, and that of Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.2</sub> Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> is 24 deg/dB at 0.78 μm.