gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instruments for clinical health-care research (1997)

2004 AJN BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARD WINNER! This text facilitates researching clinical concepts and will enhance the focus on linking clinical variable assessments with routine measurement of everyday clinical interventions. With this book, students will be able to: review available instruments that measure select clinical phenomena; review selected studies employing each tool; identify an instrument's strengths and weaknesses; and develop instruments for cross-cultural research.
320 Gbit/s (8×40 Gbit/s) double-pass terrestrial free-space optical link transparently connected to optical fibre lines (2008)

World first demonstration of WDM 8 x 40 Gbit/s free-space transmission is presented in a terrestrial double-pass link, by using compact terminals, which allow direct optical connection to fibre links.
Routine Clinical Measurements of Transferrin in Human Serum (1973)

Data from the Wellcome Group Quality Control Programme and from the National Quality Control Scheme were kindly provided by Dr. B. A. L. Hurn and Prof. T. P. Whitehead respectively. Figures 1 and 2 are reproduced, with permission, from the Journal of Biological Chemistry and Clinica Chimica Acta respectively.
Efficient Sugar Release by the Cellulose Solvent-Based Lignocellulose Fractionation Technology and Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis (2008)

Efficient liberation of fermentable soluble sugars from lignocellulosic biomass waste not only decreases solid waste handling but also produces value-added biofuels and biobased products. Industrial hemp, a special economic crop, is cultivated for its high-quality fibers and high-value seed oil, but its hollow stalk cords (hurds) are a cellulosic waste. The cellulose-solvent-based lignocellulose fractionation (CSLF) technology has been developed to separate lignocellulose components under modest reaction conditions (Zhang, Y.-H. P.; Ding, S.-Y.; Mielenz, J. R.; Elander, R.; Laser, M.; Himmel, M.; McMillan, J. D.; Lynd, L. R. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007, 97 (2), 214- 223). Three pretreatment conditions (acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time) were investigated to treat industrial hemp hurds for a maximal sugar release: a combinatorial result of a maximal retention of solid cellulose and a maximal enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. At the best treatment condition (84.0% H3PO4 at 50 degrees C for 60 min), the glucan digestibility was 96% at hour 24 at a cellulase loading of 15 filter paper units of cellulase per gram of glucan. The scanning electron microscopic images were presented for the CSLF-pretreated biomass for the first time, suggesting that CSLF can completely destruct the plant cell-wall structure, in a good agreement with the highest enzymatic cellulose digestibility and fastest hydrolysis rate. It was found that phosphoric acid only above a critical concentration (83%) with a sufficient reaction time can efficiently disrupt recalcitrant lignocellulose structures.
Convergence of ethernet PON and IEEE 802.16 broadband access networks and its QoS-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme (2009)

IEEE 802.16 and Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) are two promising broadband access technologies for high-capacity wireless access networks and wired access networks, respectively. They each can be deployed to facilitate connection between the end users and the Internet but each of them suffers from some drawbacks if operating separately. To combine the bandwidth advantage of optical networks with the mobility feature of wireless communications, we propose a convergence of EPON and 802.16 networks in this paper. First, this paper starts with presenting the converged network architecture and especially the concept of virtual ONU-BS (VOB). Then, it identifies some unique research issues in this converged network. Second, the paper investigates a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) scheme and its closely associated research issues. This DBA scheme takes into consideration the specific features of the converged network to enable a smooth data transmission across optical and wireless networks, and an end-to-end differentiated service to user traffics of diverse QoS (Quality of Service) requirements. This QoS-aware DBA scheme supports bandwidth fairness at the VOB level and class-of-service fairness at the 802.16 subscriber station level. The simulation results show that the proposed DBA scheme operates effectively and efficiently in terms of network throughput, average/maximum delay, resource utilization, service differentiation, etc.
Ricin intoxicates End4 mutants that have an aberrant Golgi complex. (1993)

Ricin is a protein toxin that arrests protein synthesis in mammalian cells by catalytically inactivating ribosomes. To interact with ribosomes, the A chain of the toxin must enter the cytosol. Entry involves receptor-mediated endocytosis and penetration of the toxin through an intracellular membrane, but the identity of the compartment where penetration occurs is unknown. It has been suggested that the A chain penetrates from the endoplasmic reticulum, implying the existence of a pathway from endosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, perhaps via, retrograde transport through the Golgi. (For a recent review, see Pelham, H. R. B., Roberts, L. M., and Lord, J. M. (1992) Trends Cell Biol. 2, 183-185.) To investigate the role of the Golgi in the intoxication process of ricin, we studied the effect of ricin on mutants of the End4 complementation group of Chinese hamster ovary cells. End4 mutants express a temperature-sensitive block in secretion that is correlated with the disappearance of the Golgi stacks at the level of fluorescence microscopy. We found that End4 cells and wild-type cells were equally sensitive to ricin at the restrictive temperature, although the minimum lag before inhibition of protein synthesis was longer in the mutant cells. The simplest interpretation of these data is that ricin does not pass through the cis, medial, or trans stacks of the Golgi en route to the cytosol.
Optimization of the body-diode of power MOSFETs for high efficiency synchronous rectification (2002)

An investigation is performed in this paper upon the impact of the parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) with respect to the body-diode characteristics of the power MOSFET. Simulated and experimental results show that the forward conduction and the reverse recovery characteristics of the body-diode can be improved by enhancing the parasitic BJT, formed by the N/sup +/ source (emitter), P-well (base) and N-epi layer (collector) of power MOSFETs, Furthermore, the trade-off between enhancing the parasitic BJT and retaining the device's unclamped inductive switching (UIS) capability is also addressed.
Fully-depleted SOI CMOSFETs with the fully-silicided source/drain structure (2002)

A fully-depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOSFET, whose source/drain (S/D) layers are completely silicided in depth with cobalt, have been successfully fabricated for the first time on a 20-nm-thick SOI layer using our advanced cobalt salicide technology. The fully-silicided S/D-nMOSFET and pMOSFET exhibit the same level of series resistance and significantly reduced bipolar junction transistor (BJT) action, compared to the conventional partially-silicided structure. The small series resistance is due to the small contact resistivity of CoSi/sub 2/ to both n/sup +/- and p/sup +/-diffusion layers, which are estimated to be on the order of low-10/sup -8/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ and high-10/sup -8/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/, respectively. The improved BJT property is speculated to stem from the cobalt atoms diffused in the vicinity of the n/sup +//p junction, which can work as an effective lifetime killer. The fully-silicided S/D structures with CoSi/sub 2/ prove to be a valid structure for the FD SOI CMOS devices in the sub-0.13 /spl mu/m technology node.
Semi-robotic 6 degree of freedom positioning for intracranial high precision radiotherapy; first phantom and clinical results (2010)

This novel semi-automatic 6DoF IR-based system has been shown to compare favourably with existing non-invasive intracranial repeat fixation systems with respect to handling, reproducibility and, more importantly, intra-fraction rigidity. Some advantages are full cranial positioning flexibility for single and fractionated IGRT treatments and possibly increased patient comfort.
A space-time redundancy technique for embedded stochastic error correction (2012)

An error-correction algorithm, referred as to Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) stochastic decoding technique, has recently been introduced for implementing iterative LDPC decoders in logic technologies with a high rate of transient faults. In this work, a modified algorithm that includes a feedback mechanism is first presented. A temporal majority logic is also applied at the decoder's output, providing an additional dimension of redundancy. By comparison to Gallager-A decoding method, the combination of feedback with temporal redundancy is shown to significantly increase the decoder's resilience against a high rate of internal upsets as a gain of up to three orders of magnitude.
SSIM Motivated Quality Control for Versatile Video Coding (2020)

In this paper, we investigate the encoder control algorithm driven by the visual quality in Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. The proposed framework shifts the traditional bit rate-centered paradigm to the quality-centered paradigm, and adopts the repeatedly proven perceptual quality measure structural similarity index (SSIM) as the core in guiding the behaviors of encoder. In particular, a reduced-reference evaluation metric which could statistically establish the relationship between the SSIM and quantization parameter, is adopted for quality control. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, leading to precise quality control in the VVC Test Model (VTM-9.0).
Can Microsoft&amp;#146;s Service Pack2 (SP2) Security Software Prevent SMURF Attacks? (2006)

DDoS flooding attacks are quite popular with hackers and they can cause devastating impact on computer systems. Smurf attack is a type of flooding attack that involves ICMP protocol, which is known to have brought down high profile commercial websites. A computer system running Microsoft’s Windows-XP with Service Pack2 (SP2) security software is designed to drop ICMP packets by default, which makes one believe that ICMP-based flooding attacks cannot harm a computer system that deploys SP2 security software. In this experimental paper, we set out to test and measure the effectiveness of the Microsoft Windows- XP with SP2 security software in protecting a computer system from ICMP-based flooding attacks in fast Ethernet environment. We simulate Smurf attacks on a computer system in the controlled lab environment. In these experiments, we measure the exhaustion of computing resource of a computer system with and without Windows-XP SP2 security software. It is observed that under Smurf attack, the victim computer deploying SP2 security software dropped all ICMP messages; nevertheless, the exhaustion of the processor resource of the computer running the SP2 security-software couldn’t be stopped. Furthermore, it was found interestingly that the exhaustion of the processor resource of the computer system running the SP2 security was much higher than that of the computer system that didn’t deploy SP2 security software. These experiments show that dropping of ICMP messages by SP2-security software at the victim computer is too late of an act in preventing the adverse effect of the Smurf attack. Once the attack traffic reaches the victim computer, SP2 security software is ineffective in preventing the resource exhaustion caused by the attack, even if it is configured to drop the ICMP messages.
Topic modeling on users's comments (2014)

User-contributed comments are increasing exponentially on the Social Web, they are found widely in the social media sites (internet discussion fora or news providers). This paper describes an experiment for topic modeling on users' comments in social media. The future application of the method is discussed.
Does time spent on adult bees affect reproductive success of <i>Varroa</i> mites? (1995)

Abstract Reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans (Acari: Varroidae) and the number of Varroa mites that were found dead on the bottom board of the hive, were studied in relation to the period the mites spent on adult honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), prior to invasion into brood cells. The maximum period on adult bees was 23 days. To introduce mites, combs with emerging worker brood, heavily infested with mites, were placed into a colony and removed the next day. At the beginning of the first day following emergence from brood cells, 18% of the mites introduced into the colony was found on the bottom of the hive. Part of these mites may already have died inside the capped brood cells, and then fallen down after cleaning of cells by the bees. At the second and third day following emergence, respectively 4% and 2% of the mites on adult bees at the previous day was recovered on the bottom, whereas from the fourth day on only 0.6% of the mites on adult bees was recovered on the bottom per day. After invasion into brood cells, 8–12% of the mites did not produce any offspring. Of the mites that did reproduce, the total number of offspring was 4.0–4.4 per mite during one reproductive cycle, part of which may reach maturity resulting in 1.2–1.3 viable daughters, and 8–10% of the mites produced only male offspring. Reproduction was independent of the period the mites had spent on adult bees prior to invasion into brood cells.
Variable Tidal Volume Ventilation Improves Lung Mechanics and Gas Exchange in a Rodent Model of Acute Lung Injury (2002)

Random variations in breath rate and tidal volume during mechanical ventilation in the setting of acute lung injury have been shown to improve arterial oxygen tension. To test whether this improvement occurs over a specific range of variability, we examined several ventilation protocols in guinea pigs with endotoxin-induced lung injury. In Group I (n = 10), after 30 min of conventional volume-cycled ventilation, animals were ventilated with variable ventilation for 30-min intervals, during which time tidal volume was randomly varied by 10, 20, 40, and 60% of the mean, while simultaneously adjusting the frequency to maintain constant minute ventilation. In a second group of animals (Group II, n = 4), conventional volume-cycled ventilation was administered for 3 h. Variable ventilation significantly improved lung function over conventional volume-cycled ventilation. In Group I, lung elastance decreased, and blood oxygenation increased significantly during periods of 40 and 60% variable ventilation (p < 0.05) compared with conventional ventilation. These data indicate that variable ventilation is effective in improving lung function and gas exchange during acute lung injury.
Early Onset of Lysosomal Storage Disease in a Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII: Undegraded Substrate Accumulates in Many Tissues in the Fetus and Very Young MPS VII Mouse (2005)

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), due to deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, are inherited, progressive disorders that are often fatal during childhood. The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are LSDs caused by deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme needed for the stepwise degradation of glycosaminoglycans. A murine model of MPS VII shares many clinical, biochemical, and pathologic features with human MPS and has proved valuable for the study of the pathophysiology of MPS and for evaluation of therapies for LSDs. Early therapy of MPS VII mice, initiated in the first weeks of life, is much more effective in decreasing clinical and morphologic evidence of disease than treatment begun in mature animals. Whether such early therapy decreases existing storage or prevents its accumulation is incompletely investigated. We performed an analysis of storage in very young MPS VII mice to define the extent of disease at and before the time of initiation of early treatments. MPS VII pups from 12 days postcoitus (dpc) to 31 days postnatal (dpn) were studied. Storage accumulated in fixed tissue macrophages in the liver and cartilage as soon as 12 dpc and was present in central nervous system glia, leptomeninges, and perivascular cells by 15 dpc. Osteoblast and primitive neocortical cell storage was apparent at 18 to 19 dpc. At 2 dpn, lysosomal distention appeared in circulating leukocytes. Abundant lysosomal storage was present in many sites by 14 dpn. Secondary accumulation of beta-hexosaminidase paralleled increasing glycosaminoglycan storage. These results confirm the presence of widespread storage even in utero and in the very young MPS VII mouse and highlight the importance of early treatment to prevent storage accumulation.
The La-Related Proteins, a Family with Connections to Cancer (2015)

The evolutionarily-conserved La-related protein (LARP) family currently comprises Genuine La, LARP1, LARP1b, LARP4, LARP4b, LARP6 and LARP7. Emerging evidence suggests each LARP has a distinct role in transcription and/or mRNA translation that is attributable to subtle sequence variations within their La modules and specific C-terminal domains. As emerging research uncovers the function of each LARP, it is evident that La, LARP1, LARP6, LARP7 and possibly LARP4a and 4b are dysregulated in cancer. Of these, LARP1 is the first to be demonstrated to drive oncogenesis. Here, we review the role of each LARP and the evidence linking it to malignancy. We discuss a future strategy of targeting members of this protein family as cancer therapy.
SENDMAIL — An Internetwork Mail Router (1998)

Routing mail through a heterogenous internet presents many new problems. Among the worst of these is that of address mapping. Historically, this has been handled on an ad hoc basis. However, this approach has become unmanageable as internets grow. Sendmail acts a unified &quot;post office&quot; to which all mail can be submitted. Address interpretation is controlled by a production system, which can parse both domain-based addressing and old-style ad hoc addresses. The production system is powerful enough to rewrite addresses in the message header to conform to the standards of a number of common target networks, including old (NCP/RFC733) Arpanet, new (TCP/RFC822) Arpanet, UUCP, and Phonenet. Sendmail also implements an SMTP server, message queueing, and aliasing. Sendmail implements a general internetwork mail routing facility, featuring aliasing and forwarding, automatic routing to network gateways, and flexible configuration. In a simple network, each node has an address, and resources can ...
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> S288C Has a Mutation in <i>FL08</i>, a Gene Required for Filamentous Growth (1996)

Diploid strains of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can grow in a cellular yeast form or in filaments called pseudohyphae. This dimorphic transition from yeast to pseudohyphae is induced by starvation for nitrogen. Not all laboratory strains are capable of this dimorphic switch; many grow only in the yeast form and fail to form pseudohyphae when starved for nitrogen. Analysis of the standard laboratory strain S288C shows that this defect in dimorphism results from a nonsense mutation in the FLO8 gene. This defect in FLO8 blocks pseudohyphal growth in diploids, haploid invasive growth, and flocculation. Since feral strains of S. cerevisiae are dimorphic and have a functional FLO8 gene, we suggest that the flo8 mutation was selected during laboratory cultivation.
Molecular Targeted Approaches for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (2011)

Human pancreatic cancer remains a highly malignant disease with almost similar incidence and mortality despite extensive research. Many targeted therapies are under development. However, clinical investigation showed that single targeted therapies and most combined therapies were not able to improve the prognosis of this disease, even though some of these therapies had excellent anti-tumor effects in pre-clinical models. Cross-talk between cell proliferation signaling pathways may be an important phenomenon in pancreatic cancer, which may result in cancer cell survival even though some pathways are blocked by targeted therapy. Pancreatic cancer may possess different characteristics and targets in different stages of pathogenesis, maintenance and metastasis. Sensitivity to therapy may also vary for cancer cells at different stages. The unique pancreatic cancer structure with abundant stroma creates a tumor microenvironment with hypoxia and low blood perfusion rate, which prevents drug delivery to cancer cells. In this review, the most commonly investigated targeted therapies in pancreatic cancer treatment are discussed. However, how to combine these targeted therapies and/or combine them with chemotherapy to improve the survival rate of pancreatic cancer is still a challenge. Genomic and proteomic studies using pancreatic cancer samples obtained from either biopsy or surgery are recommended to individualize tumor characters and to perform drug sensitivity study in order to design a tailored therapy with minimal side effects. These studies may help to further investigate tumor pathogenesis, maintenance and metastasis to create cellular expression profiles at different stages. Integration of the information obtained needs to be performed from multiple levels and dimensions in order to develop a successful targeted therapy.
New implementation for the scalable LDPC-decoders (2005)

Trellis decoding of regular and irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and the corresponding decoder architectures are considered. Moreover, we propose a new approach for computing reliability metrics based on the BCJR algorithm that reduces the message switching activity in the decoder compared to existing approaches. The trellis decoding schedule is employed to decode LDPC codes using constituent soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoders that communicate through interleavers. The proposed tunable schedule exhibits a faster convergence behavior (up to 50% fewer iterations), and hence lower decoding latency, than the commonly employed two-phase schedule, and the corresponding decoder architecture has a significantly reduced memory requirement. Improvement in decoding gain (up to an order of magnitude for moderate-to-high SNR and small number of iterations) is achieved and structural regularity features in the form of permutation matrices further reduce interconnect complexity and improve decoding throughput.
Learning algorithm for nonlinear support vectormachines suited for digital VLSI (1999)

A learning algorithm for radial basis function support vector machines (RBF-SVMs) that can be easily implemented in digital VLSI is proposed. It is shown that, as opposed to traditional artificial neural networks, learning in SVMs is very robust with respect to quantisation effects deriving from the finite precision of computations.
Aloe vera: Antiulcer and antidiabetic effects (1994)

Abstract A health product containing aloe vera gel was examined for its effects on gastric mucosal lesions induced by cold‐restraint or by oral administration of 70% v/v ethanol (2 mL/kg), and on plasma glucose levels in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. Pretreatment with the preparation orally did not protect against lesion formation. There was no beneficial effect on the healing of ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal damage when the preparation was given twice daily for 3 days. The plasma glucose level of alloxan‐injected rats (120 mg/kg, s.c.) was about twice as high as that of their controls. It was further elevated by a single oral dose of the preparation. Chronic treatment with the preparation, given twice daily for 10 days, produced a sustained increase in the plasma glucose levels. The findings do not support the claimed efficacy of the preparation in treating gastric ulceration and diabetes mellitus.