gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase 1 trial of lipid-encapsulated mRNA encoding a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity against Chikungunya virus (2021)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes acute disease characterized by fever, rash and arthralgia, which progresses to severe and chronic arthritis in up to 50% of patients. Moreover, CHIKV infection can be fatal in infants or immunocompromised individuals and has no approved therapy or prevention. This phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial conducted from January 2019 to June 2020 evaluated the safety and pharmacology of mRNA-1944, a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated messenger RNA encoding the heavy and light chains of a CHIKV-specific monoclonal neutralizing antibody, CHKV-24 ( NCT03829384 ). The primary outcome was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of mRNA-1944 administered via intravenous infusion in healthy participants aged 18-50 years. The secondary objectives included determination of the pharmacokinetics of mRNA encoding for CHKV-24 immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and ionizable amino lipid component and the pharmacodynamics of mRNA-1944 as assessed by serum concentrations of mRNA encoding for CHKV-24 immunoglobulin G (IgG), plasma concentrations of ionizable amino lipid and serum concentrations of CHKV-24 IgG. Here we report the results of a prespecified interim analysis of 38 healthy participants who received intravenous single doses of mRNA-1944 or placebo at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, or two weekly doses at 0.3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>. At 12, 24 and 48 h after single infusions, dose-dependent levels of CHKV-24 IgG with neutralizing activity were observed at titers predicted to be therapeutically relevant concentrations (≥1 µg ml<sup>-1</sup>) across doses that persisted for ≥16 weeks at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> (mean t<sub>1/2</sub> approximately 69 d). A second 0.3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> dose 1 week after the first increased CHKV-24 IgG levels 1.8-fold. Adverse effects were mild to moderate in severity, did not worsen with a second mRNA-1944 dose and none were serious. To our knowledge, mRNA-1944 is the first mRNA-encoded monoclonal antibody showing in vivo expression and detectable ex vivo neutralizing activity in a clinical trial and may offer a treatment option for CHIKV infection. Further evaluation of the potential therapeutic use of mRNA-1944 in clinical trials for the treatment of CHIKV infection is warranted.
Performance Evaluation Of Complex Electrical Bio-Impedance From V/I Four-Electrode Measurements (2011)

The passive electrical properties of a tissue depends on the intrinsic constituents and its structure, therefore by measuring the complex electrical impedance of the tissue it might be possible to obtain indicators of the tissue state or physiological activity [1]. Complete bio-impedance information relative to physiology and pathology of a human body and functional states of the body tissue or organs can be extracted by using a technique containing a fourelectrode measurement setup. This work presents the estimation measurement setup based on the four-electrode technique. First, the complex impedance is estimated by three different estimation techniques: Fourier, Sine Correlation and Digital De-convolution and then estimation errors for the magnitude, phase, reactance and resistance are calculated and analyzed for different levels of disturbances in the observations. The absolute values of relative errors are plotted and the graphical performance of each technique is compared.
Effect of NaCl on growth and ion relations in two salt-tolerant strains of Paxillus involutus (2008)

NaCl 但是在在二 Paxillus 紧张保留离子的动态平衡有种类特定的差别。NAU 是盐排除， MAJ 是盐包括，但是在盐的条件下面在滋养的选择保留一个高能力。他们提高 mycorrhizal 主人的盐忍耐的明确的机制需要推进学习。
Effect of different feeds on the growth and survival of post larvae of fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Jammu. (2009)

Larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (PL) were procured from CIFE, Mumbai and transported to the Department of Zoology, University of Jammu for experimental purposes. Four different diets viz., Diet I (Mixed Zooplanktons), Diet II (Live Chironomus), Diet III (freeze dried Tubifex) and Diet IV (Artificial Feed) were fed to the post larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii for 42 days of rearing period in 20 litre plastic tubs at a stocking density of 1 prawn per liter of water. The results on the basis of mean weight (0.259±0.0056), specific growth rate (3.781±0.100) and survival rate (95%) for Diet II (Live Chironomus) were found to be highest and significantly different (P<0.05) from rest of the three (I, III & IV).
Cellular functions of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and FYVE domain proteins (2001)

PtdIns3P is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase product that has been strongly implicated in regulating membrane trafficking in both mammalian and yeast cells. PtdIns3P has been shown to be specifically located on membranes associated with the endocytic pathway. Proteins that contain FYVE zinc-finger domains are recruited to PtdIns3P-containing membranes. Structural information is now available concerning the interaction between FYVE domains and PtdIns3P. A number of proteins have been identified which contain a FYVE domain, and in this review we discuss the functions of PtdIns3P and its FYVE-domain-containing effector proteins in membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal regulation and receptor signalling.
The RMA-S lymphoma mutant; consequences of a peptide loading defect on immunological recognition and graft rejection (1991)

Experiments with mutant cell lines have underscored the role for peptide in maintenance of the structure of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I molecules. The class-I molecules act as receptors for antigenic and "self" peptides derived from degraded intracellular synthesized proteins. The class-I/peptide trimeric complex is transported to the cell surface where it is scrutinized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The murine RMA-S mutant cell lines have a defect in class-I assembly and express markedly reduced levels of class-I molecules at the cell surface. The mutation is consistent with a defect in peptide transport from the cytosol to the place of assembly with class-I molecules. Addition of synthetic peptides to RMA-S cells and RMA-S cell lysates stimulates assembly of the class-I molecules and indicates that peptide plays a crucial role in attaining the class-I structure. Recent findings have demonstrated that class-I heavy clains (HCs) and beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) can assemble in absence of synthetic peptides, forming presumably "empty" (non-peptide-containing) class-I dimeric complexes, in RMA-S cells cultured at reduced temperature. The few class-I molecules present on RMA-S cultured at physiological temperature share the phenotype of "empty" class-I molecules induced at reduced temperature. This finding has allowed the re-interpretation of earlier studies and opened new ways to analyze the interaction between MHC-class-I molecules and different effector cells such as allo-specific CTLs, class-I-restricted CTLs and natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, recent data also suggest that RMA-S represents an attractive model for examining direct class-I-peptide interactions on intact cells or in cell lysates.
Who will get benefit from the new taxi fare rate? Discerning the real driving from Taxi GPS data (2016)

With an innovation in mobile technology, trend of use mobile device as function to record individual activity is increasing in various fields. In order to determine the taxi meter quality of service in the urban area, we used mobile data to determine cause and fact. Normally, “Taxi Route for Fare-Rate Calculation” and Customer survey. In the first part, we developed an algorithm to calculate taxi fare-rate and compared the benefit between old and new fare-rate. We calculated the Taxi GPS data to determine each trajectory distance then use GIS spatial technique to clean undesired data. Next, a survey to collect data from customer who have experience on using taxi service and get use to their opinion was performed. The result indicate that using taxi new fare rate would increase benefit to taxi driver about 13.16% in average and could earn benefit the most when use new rate in long distance mode. Which 55.35% of customers satisfy in an increased fare rate, they also concerned in standard and quality of taxi service. In conclusion, we could contrast the fact and consequences from both side of people and suggest solutions to solve this issue.
CLXI.—The interaction of alkali sulphites with some halogeno-compounds, and the optical resolution of α-phenylpropanesulphonic acid (1927)

E. B. Evans, E. E. Mabbott and E. E. Turner, J. Chem. Soc., 1927, 1159 DOI: 10.1039/JR9270001159
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity in the Microbial Reduction of (Trifluoroacetyl) ferrocene and 2‐Fluoroacetophenones. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Usercentric federation of access to Internet-of-Things(IoT) devices: A valet key for IoT devices (2016)

Therapidly expanding use of the Internet for individual-driven needs coupled with the emergence of IoT devices calls for an identity management solution that opens-up closed systems to qualify users and devices securely anywhere on the Internet. This paper attempts to provide an objective overview of a user-centric identity and access management solution for securing the IoT devices that can help alleviate some of the security challenges prevalent in IoT ecosystem.
Catnap (2013)

Multiple networks have been used in several processor implementations to scale bandwidth and ensure protocol-level deadlock freedom for different message classes. In this paper, we observe that a multiple-network design is also attractive from a power perspective and can be leveraged to achieve energy proportionality by effective power gating. Unlike a single-network design, a multiple-network design is more amenable to power gating, as its subnetworks (subnets) can be power gated without compromising the connectivity of the network. To exploit this opportunity, we propose the Catnap architecture which consists of synergistic subnet selection and power-gating policies. Catnap maximizes the number of consecutive idle cycles in a router, while avoiding performance loss due to overloading a subnet. We evaluate a 256-core processor with a concentrated mesh topology using synthetic traffic and 35 applications. We show that the average network power of a power-gating optimized multiple-network design with four subnets could be 44% lower than a bandwidth equivalent single-network design for an average performance cost of about 5%.
Role of Free Radicals and Metal Ions in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (2018)

This chapter reviews transition metal ion dysregulation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. It focuses on the roles of metal ions in amyloidogenesis. The chapter assesses candidate neurochemical environments for their potential to induce β-sheet formation, aggregation, and chemical modifications of Alzheimer Aβ. The importance of metal ions in the brain is indicated by the fact that the brain contains high concentrations of metal ions relative to other tissues of the body. Zinc is a redox-inert metal ion that is crucial to the normal functioning of over 200 proteins and enzymes in their structural, catalytic, and regulatory roles. Copper is a redox-active essential trace metal ion required for a number of cellular enzymes including cytochrome c oxidase, copper/zinc sodium dodecyl sulfate, lysyl oxidase, and dopamine-β-monoxygenase. Iron is thought to play a crucial role in the maintenance of dopaminergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
Rate of glycolysis during ischemia determines extent of ischemic injury and functional recovery after reperfusion (1994)

The efficacy of increasing glycolysis during ischemia for enhancing the salutary effects of reperfusion was evaluated in isolated perfused rabbit hearts subjected to low-flow ischemia followed by reperfusion. Control hearts were perfused with buffer containing 0.4 mM palmitate, 5 mM glucose, and 70 mU/l insulin. Additional groups of hearts were perfused with double glucose/insulin and 1 mM dichloroacetate or were subjected to substrate priming to increase preischemic glycogen content. Ischemic contracture was completely prevented in hearts perfused with high glucose/insulin and was delayed markedly by either dichloroacetate or enhanced preischemic glycogen [45 +/- 14 and 31 +/- 20 min, respectively; P < 0.01 each vs. control (11 +/- 10 min)] and inversely related to the rate of lactate production. With reperfusion, recovery of developed pressure was 56 +/- 23% of baseline in control hearts, 90 +/- 8% in hearts receiving high glucose/insulin, 92 +/- 5% in hearts receiving dichloroacetate, and 79 +/- 19% in hearts with increased glycogen (P < 0.05 each vs. control hearts). Creatine kinase release was reduced by > 55% in treated hearts. Thus enhancement of glycolysis by diverse mechanisms during ischemia decreased ischemic damage and improved the recovery of contractile function with reperfusion.
Electrospun Ru(bpy)32+-doped nafion nanofibers for electrochemiluminescence sensing (2010)

Electrospun Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-doped Nafion (ERDN) nanofibers were successfully fabricated by a one-step electrospinning technique. The diameters of the nanofibers range from 120 nm to 220 nm. The ERDN nanofibers, evenly distributed on the substrate with their random orientations, form a porous 3-D structure nanofibrous membrane. Compared to continuous thin films, the obtained nanofibrous membrane maintains a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, a larger amount of immobilized-Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), and a better stability of the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) immobilization. As a result, the nanofibers' ECL signal is enhanced approximately 15-fold and stable (does not change during continuous CV scans for 50 cycles). As a sensing platform, the nanofibers can sensitively detect low concentration phenolic compounds by monitoring the phenol-dependent ECL intensity change. The detection limit for phenol is 1.0 nM based on a signal/noise ratio >3, which is comparable or better than that in reported phenol assays. In addition, the nanofibers exhibit excellent ECL behaviors on Au, Pt, GC and ITO electrodes. A great potential for ERDN nanofibers-based ECL sensors is offered.
Safer energetic materials by a nanotechnological approach (2011)

Energetic materials - explosives, thermites, populsive powders - are used in a variety of military and civilian applications. Their mechanical and electrostatic sensitivity is high in many cases, which can lead to accidents during handling and transport. These considerations limit the practical use of some energetic materials despite their good performance. For industrial applications, safety is one of the main criteria for selecting energetic materials. The sensitivity has been regarded as an intrinsic property of a substance for a long time. However, in recent years, several approaches to lower the sensitivity of a given substance, using nanotechnology and materials engineering, have been described. This feature article gives an overview over ways to prepare energetic (nano-)materials with a lower sensitivity.
An open commit protocol preserving consistency in the presence of commission failures (2002)

Most of the proposed commit protocols assume that all participants of a transaction are sane, i.e., they only fail with omission failures and eventually recover. Unfortunately, this assumption is not realistic for open distributed systems (ODSs), which can be divided into a trusted and a nontrusted domain. While nodes in the trusted domain are assumed to be sane, nontrusted nodes may fail permanently and with commission failures. The open commit protocols presented are based on a model for consistency checking. The protocol also tolerates any number of commission failures in the nontrusted domain of an ODS. It guarantees that the trusted participants of a transaction terminate in a way that preserves consistency in the trusted domain, which generally does not mean that all trusted participants have to terminate consistently. The protocol groups those trusted participants that have to terminate consistently to maintain data consistency, and ensures that in each group the participants terminate in the same way. The advantages of the protocol are a simplified commit processing and a reduced message complexity. The message complexity of this protocol exceeds that of traditional two-phase commit protocols by no more than two messages for most practical cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Review with Clinical Examples (2011)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by susceptibility to bone fractures, with a severity ranging from subtle increase in fracture frequency to prenatal fractures. The first scientific description of OI dates from 1788. Since then, important milestones in OI research and treatment have, among others, been the classification of OI into 4 types (the 'Sillence classification'), the discovery of defects in collagen type I biosynthesis as a cause of most cases of OI and the use of bisphosphonate therapy. Furthermore, in the past 5 years, it has become clear that OI comprises a group of heterogeneous disorders, with an estimated 90% of cases due to a causative variant in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes and with the remaining 10% due to causative recessive variants in the 8 genes known so far, or in other currently unknown genes. This review aims to highlight the current knowledge around the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical/radiological features, management, and future prospects of OI. The text will be illustrated with clinical descriptions, including radiographs and, where possible, photographs of patients with OI.
Learning Background-Aware Correlation Filters for Visual Tracking (2017)

Correlation Filters (CFs) have recently demonstrated excellent performance in terms of rapidly tracking objects under challenging photometric and geometric variations. The strength of the approach comes from its ability to efficiently learn - on the fly - how the object is changing over time. A fundamental drawback to CFs, however, is that the background of the target is not modeled over time which can result in suboptimal performance. Recent tracking algorithms have suggested to resolve this drawback by either learning CFs from more discriminative deep features (e.g. DeepSRDCF [9] and CCOT [11]) or learning complex deep trackers (e.g. MDNet [28] and FCNT [33]). While such methods have been shown to work well, they suffer from high complexity: extracting deep features or applying deep tracking frameworks is very computationally expensive. This limits the real-time performance of such methods, even on high-end GPUs. This work proposes a Background-Aware CF based on hand-crafted features (HOG [6]) that can efficiently model how both the foreground and background of the object varies over time. Our approach, like conventional CFs, is extremely computationally efficient- and extensive experiments over multiple tracking benchmarks demonstrate the superior accuracy and real-time performance of our method compared to the state-of-the-art trackers.
Genetic Evidence That Recognition of <i>cosQ</i> the Signal for Termination of Phage λ DNA Packaging, Depends on the Extent of Head Filling (1997)

Packaging a phage lambda chromosome involves cutting the chromosome from a concatemer and translocating the DNA into a prohead. The cutting site, cos, consists of three subsites: cosN, the nicking site; cosB, a site required for packaging initiation; and cosQ a site required for termination of packaging. cosB contains three binding sites (R sequences) for gpNu1, the small subunit of terminase. Because cosQ has sequence identity to the R sequences, it has been proposed that cosQ is also recognized by gpNu1. Suppressors of cosB mutations were unable to suppress a cosQ point mutation. Suppressors of a cosQ mutation (cosQ1) were isolated and found to be of three sorts, the first affecting a base pair in cosQ. The second type of cosQ suppression involved increasing the length of the phage chromosome to a length near to the maximum capacity of the head shell. A third class of suppressors were missense mutations in gene B, which encodes the portal protein of the virion. It is speculated that increasing DNA length and altering the portal protein may reduce the rate of translocation, thereby increasing the efficiency of recognition of the mutant cosQ. None of the cosQ suppressors was able to suppress cosB mutations. Because cosQ and cosB mutations are suppressed by very different types of suppressors, it is concluded that cosQ and the R sequences of cosB are recognized by different DNA-binding determinants.
Medical Therapies for Adult Chronic Sinusitis (2015)

Evidence supports daily high-volume saline irrigation with topical corticosteroid therapy as a first-line therapy for chronic sinusitis. A short course of systemic corticosteroids (1-3 weeks), short course of doxycycline (3 weeks), or a leukotriene antagonist may be considered in patients with nasal polyps. A prolonged course (3 months) of macrolide antibiotic may be considered for patients without polyps.
Photoluminescence and band gap modulation in graphene oxide (2009)

We report broadband visible photoluminescence from solid graphene oxide, and modifications of the emission spectrum by progressive chemical reduction. The data suggest a gapping of the two-dimensional electronic system by removal of π-electrons. We discuss possible gapping mechanisms, and propose that a Kekule pattern of bond distortions may account for the observed behavior.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (−)-Macrolactin A (2002)

The total synthesis of (-)-macrolactin A, a 24-membered macrolide, has been achieved using a newly developed 1,3-diol synthon for the introduction of two key stereogenic centers. The synthon was derived from sequential use of the Noyori asymmetric reduction followed by chiral sulfoxide methodology. Tellurium-derived cuprate organometallics offered an efficient and highly stereoselective means for installation of the C8 Z/E-diene, while the C15 E/E-segment was derived from a Julia-Lythgoe olefination. Yamaguchi lactonization was used to secure the macrocycle in a convergent approach with the longest linear sequence of 19 steps from Noyori alcohol 6.
Vibrational study of phosphorus, molybdenum and vanadium cyclosiloxane derivatives (1998)

Phosphorus, molybdenum and vanadium siloxy derivatives were prepared by a condensation reaction of tBu2Si(OH)2 with C6H5POCl2, MoBr2 and VOCl3, respectively. They were crystallized and identified by the usual physical techniques (1H, 13C, 29Si and 51V NMR spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry). Raman and IR spectra were recorded which, for all compounds, confirmed the cyclic structure determined by x-ray diffraction. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.