gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BMP-FGF Signaling Axis Mediates Wnt-Induced Epidermal Stratification in Developing Mammalian Skin (2014)

Epidermal stratification of the mammalian skin requires proliferative basal progenitors to generate intermediate cells that separate from the basal layer and are replaced by post-mitotic cells. Although Wnt signaling has been implicated in this developmental process, the mechanism underlying Wnt-mediated regulation of basal progenitors remains elusive. Here we show that Wnt secreted from proliferative basal cells is not required for their differentiation. However, epidermal production of Wnts is essential for the formation of the spinous layer through modulation of a BMP-FGF signaling cascade in the dermis. The spinous layer defects caused by disruption of Wnt secretion can be restored by transgenically expressed Bmp4. Non-cell autonomous BMP4 promotes activation of FGF7 and FGF10 signaling, leading to an increase in proliferative basal cell population. Our findings identify an essential BMP-FGF signaling axis in the dermis that responds to the epidermal Wnts and feedbacks to regulate basal progenitors during epidermal stratification.
Gait Characteristic Analysis and Identification Based on the iPhone’s Accelerometer and Gyrometer (2014)

Gait identification is a valuable approach to identify humans at a distance. In this paper, gait characteristics are analyzed based on an iPhone's accelerometer and gyrometer,and a new approach is proposed for gait identification. Specifically, gait datasets are collected by the triaxial accelerometer and gyrometer embedded in an iPhone. Then, the datasets are processed to extract gait characteristic parameters which include gait frequency, symmetry coefficient, dynamic range and similarity coefficient of characteristic curves. Finally, a weighted voting scheme dependent upon the gait characteristic parameters is proposed forgait identification. Four experiments are implemented to validate the proposed scheme. The attitude and acceleration solutions are verified by simulation. Then the gait characteristics are analyzed by comparing two sets of actual data, and the performance of the weighted voting identification scheme is verified by 40 datasets of 10 subjects.
Immigration and Diaspora: Voices from overseas chinese communitie (2002)

The initial wave of Chinese immigration began as a result of the discovery of gold in San Francisco in the 1850s. Disruptions brought about by foreign invasions and t a.. internal revolts as well as problems of declining farm productivity and rising population, forced many Chinese in the coastal provinces of Guangdong and Fujian to migrate overseas. The first Chinese settlers created Chinatown for their cultural transfer overseas t and the dynamics of social organisation and community stratification in the new environments. Cantonese folk rhymes were written in vernacular writing by the first Chinese immigrants and had been published among the Chinese themselves to overcome their nostalgia, loneliness and hardship in North America. Like the idea of a Chinese race in the 1930s, novels written by Pearl S. Buck such as The Good Earth represented Chineseness. The novel was made into a film using white actors and actresses, as racial discrimination was strong at that time. Ever since the proclamation of the Republic Popular of China in 1949, political persecutions have forced many Chinese intellectuals such as Nien Cheng and Wu Ning Kun to live in the Diaspora. The Open Door Policy started by Deng Xiao Ping made China recover its international prestige as a world power. As a result, many third or fourth Chinese-Americans decided to write about the sagas of their Chinese ancestors, people that they had never met and places they had never been to. Maxine Hong Kingston, Amy Tan or Fae Myenne Ng alongside with many other writers of Chinese origin have the ability to inhabit imaginatively other places and times, to render the feel of manufacturing incense sticks in the 1920s or running from the invading Japanese in the 1930s.
Gsi: A Geologically Friendly Tool For Rock Mass Strength Estimation (2000)

This paper presents a review of the estimation of rock mass strength properties through the use of GSI. The GSI classification system greatly respects the geological constraints that occur in nature and are reflected in the geological information. A discussion is given regarding the ranges of the Geological Strength Index for typical rock masses with specific emphasis to heterogeneous rock masses.
Theoretical and Experimental Values for Two-, Three-, and Four-Photon Absorptions (1967)

Transition probabilities are given for dipole—dipole and dipole—quadrupole multiple-photon processes and these values are compared with the results of two-, three-, and four-photon absorption experiments in anthracene and napthalene.
Self-synchronizing watermark detection for MPEG-4 objects (2002)

A method for embedding watermarks in digital objects is presented. The proposed scheme is endowed with self-synchronization capabilities that allow watermark detection even if the object has been manipulated. The proposed method bases its efficiency on the embedding of a two-dimensional pattern in the spatial domain that allows fast synchronization recovery in cases the object has been manipulated. This renders the system very suitable for copyright protection of objects in MPEG-4.
Mobility and mobility management: a conceptual framework (2003)

The tremendous demands from the social market are pushing the development of mobile communications faster than ever before, leading to the emergence of many new techniques. Within those techniques, mobility management has widely been recognized as one of the most important problems for seamless access to wireless networks and services. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for mobility and mobility management, with the emphasis on the key research issues involved in the effort to design graceful mobility management schemes. The effects of mobility on both the architectures and protocols of networks and communications are presented. Diversity of the future mobile communication systems introduces new challenges, which lead to the definitions of mobility on various levels according to different granularities. Mobility management is defined as two complementary operations, i.e. location management and handoff management. The paper also describes mobility management issues at the network layer. The processing stages of the two operations are introduced, together with the analyses of key research issues and possible solutions. Finally, we discuss issues concerning the performance evaluation of mobility management schemes.
Hypothalamic Melanocortin Receptors and Chronic Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Renal Function (2003)

This study examined control of cardiovascular and renal function during chronic melanocortin-3/4 receptor (MC3/4-R) activation or inhibition. Arterial and venous catheters were implanted in Sprague-Dawley rats for measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) 24 h/d and for intravenous infusions, and the lateral ventricle was cannulated for chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions. In experiment 1, after a 5-day control period, rats were administered the MC3/4-R agonist MTII (n=7, 10 ng/h ICV) or 0.9% saline (n=6, ICV) for 14 days, followed by a 5-day recovery period. In experiment 2, after a 5-day control period, rats were administered the MC3/4-R antagonist SHU-9119 (n=7, 1 nmol/h ICV) or 0.9% saline vehicle (n=7, ICV), or pair-fed during SHU-9119 infusion (n=5, 1 nmol/h ICV) for 12 days, followed by a 5-day recovery period. MC4-R activation transiently decreased food intake from 23+/-1 to 10+/-2 g/d. Despite the hypophagia, MC3/4-R activation increased MAP by 7+/-1 mm Hg. MC3/4-R inhibition for 12 days increased food intake from 21+/-1 to 35+/-4 g/d, decreased HR by 53+/-11 bpm, and caused no change in MAP despite the marked weight gain. In rats that were pair-fed to prevent increased food intake, MC3/4-R inhibition further decreased HR (-87+/-9 bpm), whereas MAP was unchanged. Thus, chronic hypothalamic MC3/4-R activation raises arterial pressure despite decreased food intake, whereas MC3/4-R inhibition causes marked weight gain without raising arterial pressure. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that an intact hypothalamic MC3/4-R may be necessary for excess weight gain to raise arterial pressure.
Hydrogels: Methods of Preparation, Characterisation and Applications (2011)

The terms gels and hydrogels are used interchangeably by food and biomaterials scientists to describe polymeric cross-linked network structures. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, and are categorised principally as weak or strong depending on their flow behaviour in steady-state Edible gels are used widely in the food industry and mainly refer to gelling polysaccharides (i.e. hydrocolloids) The term hydrogel describes three-dimensional network structures obtained from a class of synthetic and/or natural polymers which can absorb and retain significant amount of water The hydrogel structure is created by the hydrophilic groups or domains present in a polymeric network upon the hydration in an aqueous environment. This chapter reviews the preparation methods of hydrogels from hydrophilic polymers of synthetic and natural origin with emphasis on water soluble natural biopolymers (hydrocolloids). Recent advances in radiation cross-linking methods for the preparation of hydrogel are particularly addressed. Additionally, methods to characterise these hydrogels and their proposed applications are also reviewed.
Phenobarbital Response Elements of Cytochrome P450 Genes and Nuclear Receptors (2001)

Phenobarbital (PB) response elements are composed of various nuclear receptor (NR)-binding sites. A 51-bp distal element PB-responsive enhancer module (PBREM) conserved in the PB-inducible CYP2B genes contains two NR-binding direct repeat (DR)-4 motifs. Responding to PB exposure in liver, the NR constitutive active receptor (CAR) translocates to the nucleus, forms a dimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), and activates PBREM via binding to DR-4 motifs. For CYP3A genes, a common NR site [DR-3 or everted repeat (ER)-6] is present in proximal promoter regions. In addition, the distal element called the xenobiotic responsive module (XREM) is found in human CYP3A4 genes, which contain both DR-3 and ER-6 motifs. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) could bind to all of these sites and, upon PB induction, a PXR:RXR heterodimer could transactivate XREM. These response elements and NRs are functionally versatile, and capable of responding to distinct but overlapping groups of xenochemicals.
Analysis of southern Ontario Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae isolates by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting. (1990)

Isolates of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropheumoniae were studied by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF) analysis using the enzymes BamHI and HindIII. Restriction fragments were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Except for serotypes 1 and 9, reference strains of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 to 10 had clearly distinguishable REF profiles. Analysis of REF profiles of southern Ontario field isolates revealed limited heterogeneity amongst isolates of serotype 1 or serotype 5. The REF profiles of the serotype 7 isolates studied showed greater variation. Heterogeneity could not be correlated with the presence of plasmids nor with antibiotic resistance. Limited heterogeneity could also be detected amongst REF profiles of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates recovered from a closed herd suggesting that there is a small amount of genetic variation within clonal populations.
Applications of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (1984)

Brachiopods are (perhaps all too) familiar to any geology student who has taken an invertebrate paleontology course; they may well be less familiar to biology students. Even though brachiopods are among the most significant components of the marine fossil ...Read More
Synthesis/Degradation Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Measuring Relative Dynamic Protein Turnover (2003)

One of the major unanswered questions in quantitative proteomics is that of dynamic protein turnover in the cell. Here we present a new approach to quantitative proteomics that measures the relative dynamic turnover of proteins in cellular systems. In this approach, termed synthesis/degradation ratio mass spectrometry, stable isotope labeling is employed to calculate a relative synthesis/degradation ratio that reflects the relative rate at which 13C is incorporated into individual proteins in the cell. This synthesis/degradation ratio calculation is based on a Poisson distribution model that is designed to support high-throughput analysis. Protein separation and analysis is accomplished by utilizing one-dimensional SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis followed by cutting the gel into a series of bands for in-gel digestion. The resulting peptide mixtures are analyzed via solid-phase MALDI LC-MS and LC-MS/MS using a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A portion of the soluble protein fraction from an E. coli K-12 strain was analyzed with synthesis/degradation ratios varying from approximately 0.1 to 4.4 for a variety of different proteins. Unlike other quantitative techniques, synthesis/degradation ratio mass spectrometry requires only a single cell culture to obtain useful biological information about the processes occurring inside a cell. This technique is highly amenable to shotgun proteomics-based approaches and thus should allow relative turnover measurements for whole proteomes in the future.
Interstitial MR Lymphography with MS-325: Characterization of Normal and Tumor-Invaded Lymph Nodes in a Rabbit Model (2002)

In addition to providing a safe means of displaying the normal lymphatic system, MS-325-enhanced 3D MR lymphography depicts direct tumor invasion in lymph nodes.
Characterization of PZT ferroelectric thin films prepared by a modified sol-gel method (2008)

This paper presents the growth and characterization of PZT ferroelectric thin films by using the sol-gel technology. In this paper, we study the influences of annealing temperatures, different film thickness and different substrates, including titanium and platinum layers on silicon substrate, on the ferroelectric performance of PZT thin films by analyzing the polarization hysteresis. The polarization hysteresis of PZT thin films is measured by using a Sawyer Tower circuit. The results show that the remnant polarization of PZT thin films are higher with the increase of thickness, and the remnant polarization are 8.6 muC/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 11.0 muC/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on Ti electrode and Pt/Ti electrode at the annealing temperature of 650degC, respectively. Thus the PZT thin films prepared by using the sol-gel method can be used for developing PZT-based ferroelectric MEMS devices.
Possible Involvement of GABAergic Neurons in Regulation of Diapause Hormone Secretion in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori : COMMUNICATION : Endocrinology (1989)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Superior mesenteric blood flow in man following injection of bradykinin and vasopressin into the superior mesenteric artery. (1975)

The superior mesenteric blood flow was studied with a dye-dilution technique after catheterization of the superior mesenteric artery and vein. The investigation was performed in connection with portography in 22 patients with apparently normal small bowel function. Intra-arterial injection of 5, 10 or 20 mug bradykinin was followed within one minute by an increase, on the average, of 114, 176 and 223% respectively, in the superior mesenteric blood flow. The blood flow was dose-dependent in this range. The estimated vascular resistance decreased by 52, 61 and 67%, respectively. The portal venous pressure was increased slightly after intra-arterial injection, but the pressure was unchanged after intra-portal injection. Intra-arterial injection of bradykinin causes a highly improved venous phase at superior mesenteric angiography. This may be due not only to the increased flow but to some extent also to increased capillary permeability produced by bradykinin. Intra-arterial injection of 0.125 and 0.250 IU of vasopressin decreased the superior mesenteric blood flow by 53 and 54%, respectively, within 3 minutes of the injection. The dye-dilution method used was not applicable to blood flow below a level of about 200 ml/min. Continuous infusion of 0.05 IU/min decreased the superior mesenteric blood flow by, on an average, 58%. The portal venous pressure was decreased by 25% after the intra-arterial injection, but no change in pressure was recorded after intra-portal administration. The clinical use of intra-arterial infusion of vasopressin during gastrointenstinal bleeding is discussed.
On Achieving Maximal Chain Diagnosis Resolution through Test Pattern Selection (2016)

Scan chain diagnosis plays an important role in silicon debug and yield ramp-up since 10% to 30% of chip failures are caused by scan chain failures. Failure data collected on testers is limited by buffer sizes to capture the failing responses from scan chains, especially since scan chain failures produce a large amount of failing responses. In this paper, we propose a new pattern selection method to maximize the chain diagnosis resolution when limited failure information is collected from the tester. Experimental results on industrial designs show our method achieves higher diagnosis resolution than previous method.
An Experimental Study of Drill-String Vibration (1960)

This paper describes equipment which has been developed for the measurement of axial force, torque, and axial and rotational motions at the top of a drill string. Measurements made in two wells with this equipment represent the first time these quantities have been recorded during drilling. A large number of frequencies of vibration were found in the recordings. Some of these, particularly torsional readings, correlated with predicted natural frequencies, but many did not. Several explanations have been proposed for these “extraneous” frequencies, but no completely satisfactory solution is available. In addition, some interesting interrelations between axial and torsional vibrations were observed.
A novel fully-integrated dropless voltage CMOS rectifier for wirelessly powered devices (2007)

We present in this paper a new topology of a full-wave passive rectifier. It uses MOS transistors as low-loss switches to achieve significant increase in its overall power efficiency and negligible voltage drop across them. The highest voltages available in the circuit are used to drive the gate of a transistor in order to reduce the leakages and to lower the channel resistance while having high transconductance. It is implemented using standard TSMC 0.18 um CMOS process and is characterized by SpectreS simulator under the Cadence environment. The proposed full-wave rectifier is targeted for wirelessly powered applications such as neural stimulators. In the nominal source amplitude it allows improving the power efficiency by 10% and average output voltage by 16% comparing with other published results.
A Symmetric S-shaped Double-coupler Optical-fibre Loop (1990)

Abstract A theoretical study of a novel S-shaped double-coupler optical fibre loop and one of its variants is presented. Output and circulating intensities, finesses, peak transmission, contrast, and the product of the contrast and the peak transmission of these fibre loops are calculated and presented in graphical form. Advantages of this type of fibre loop in comparison with those of other similar loop and ring configurations as well as its potential applications, are discussed.
Heterogeneous catalytic CO2 conversion to value-added hydrocarbons (2010)

The impact that anthropogenic CO2 is having on the environment has been thoroughly documented over the last 20 years. Many different technologies have been proposed to reduce its impact on global warming such as geological sequestration. However, an interesting and attractive alternative would be the recycling of the gas into energy-rich molecules. Iron rather than cobalt catalysts, based on the Fischer–Tropsch technology, have shown the greatest promise in converting CO2 to value-added hydrocarbons. The addition of co-catalysts is, however, essential to fine tune the product distribution to the more desired alkene products. The role that both the promoter and support play on the catalyst's activity is reviewed.
DNA Word Design Strategy for Creating Sets of Non-interacting Oligonucleotides for DNA Microarrays (2002)

A template−map design strategy for generating sets of non-interacting DNA oligonucleotides for applications in DNA arrays and biosensors is demonstrated. This strategy is used to create a set of oligonucleotides of size s with length l that possess at least n base mismatches with the complements of all the other members in the set. These “DNA word” sets are denoted as nbm l-mers or l:n sets. To regularize the thermodynamic stability of the perfectly matched hybridized DNA duplexes, the l-mers chosen for all the sets are required to have an approximately 50% G/C content. To achieve good discrimination between each DNA word in each set generated using the template−map strategy, it is required that n should be approximately equal to l/2 or higher. The template−map strategy can be used in a straightforward manner to create DNA word sets for cases when l = 4k and n = 2k, where k is an integer. Specific examples of 4k:2k sets are designed: an 8:4 set (s = 224), a 12:6 set (s = 528), a 16:8 set (s = 960), and a 20:10 set (s = 1520). These sets are further optimized to achieve the narrowest possible distribution of melting temperatures by selecting the best set after permutation of the templates and maps over all possible configurations. To demonstrate the viability of this methodology, a non-interacting set of four specific 6bm 12mers have been chosen, synthesized, and used in an SPR imaging measurement of the hybridization adsorption onto a DNA array. The template−map strategy is also applied to generate DNA word sets for cases where l ≠ 4k. In these cases, the creation of the maps and templates is more complicated, but possible. The templates and maps for three additional types of sets are created: (4k − 1):(2k − 1), (4k + 1):2k, and (4k − 2):(2k − 1). Specific examples are given for l = 7, 9, and 10: DNA word sets of 7:3 (s = 224), 9:4 (s = 360), and 10:5 (s = 132).