gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Insight Into Simulated Product Development: Lotus Stem Dip (2015)

Simulated product development is the new innovation in the field of Food science and Food technology. It is an armchair science that accurately estimates the pulse of consumer preferences. The product is developed in reference to an imaginary framework based on fixed attributes. The simulated attributes are usually product attributes, which are of prime importance to both the manufacturer and the consumer. In this technique, acceptability of a product conceived virtually in space via detailed analysis of the data obtained from a well-formulated questionnaire. The questionnaire developed focuses on consumer awareness, recipe development and product value for money (VFM). Expert panelists who have the proficiency to predict its organoleptic acceptability usually evaluate the product's viability via their ability to transcend the product idea as if it's a tangible entity. Simulated product development is one of the most cost-effective and sophisticated technique of appraising the effectiveness of a product idea. In this publication, the acceptability of a virtually developed lotus stem dip is analyzed by simulated product development. Future prospects include assessment of the organoleptic acceptability of other
The Performance of Analytical Approximations for the Computation of Asian Quanto-Basket Option Prices (2003)

An option contract now commonly encountered is the Asian quanto-basket option. This contract is useful for risk managers willing to participate to the return of an industrial sector with an international exposure without the foreign exchange risk exposition. Although the price of such contracts can be obtained very accurately using Monte Carlo simulation, market participants prefer faster but less accurate analytical approximations. This paper thus examines the precision of three different analytical approximations available to price Asian quanto-basket options. The results of a comprehensive simulation experiment performed on a large test pool of option contracts reveal that the approximations based on the reciprocal gamma and Johnson-type densities are in general the most accurate.
p53 Autoantibodies as Potential Detection and Prognostic Biomarkers in Serous Ovarian Cancer (2010)

Although their utility as a preoperative diagnostic biomarker, beyond CA 125 and HE4, is limited, p53-AAb are prognostic for improved overall survival.
The Design, Use, and Results of Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Analysis: Current and Future Directions (2007)

Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis was introduced in the early 1980s using locally heated electrochemical sensors that were applied to the skin surface. This methodology provides a continuous noninvasive estimation of the arterial CO2 value and can be used for assessing adequacy of ventilation. The technique is now established and used routinely in clinical practice. Transcutaneous partial pressure of CO2 (tcPco2) sensors are available as a single Pco2 sensor, as a combined Pco2/Po2 sensor, and more recently, as a combined Pco2/Spo2 sensor. CO2 is still measured potentiometrically by determining the pH of an electrolyte layer. The methodology has been continuously developed during the last 20 yr, making the tcPco2 systems easier and more reliable for use in clinical practice: smaller sensor size (diameter 15 mm, height 8 mm), less frequent sensor re-membraning (every 2 wk) and calibration (twice a day), sensor ready to use when connected to the monitor, lower sensor temperature (42 degrees C), shorter arterialization time (3 min), and increased measurement reliability through protection of the membrane. The present tcPco2 sensors still need to be regularly re-membraned and calibrated. One way to overcome these procedures is to use optical-only detection means. Two techniques have been developed using optical absorption in the near-infrared light, in the evanescent wave of a waveguide integrated in the sensor surface, or in a micro-optics sampling cell. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo CO2 measurements have been performed. The sensor is not affected by drift over several days, and its response time is <1 min.
Exercise the power of the World Wide Web (1995)

The World Wide Web is a hypertext-based, platform-independent means of displaying text, graphic, audio, and video information over the Internet. Twenty million people now use the Internet, and the number of World Wide Web sites is well over one million and growing rapidly. Web sites are available all over the world, although most are located in the United States. Importantly, the Web's design is consistent with many of our information gathering instincts. It encourages browsing and experimentation and allows each person at computer sites around the world to design unique ways to present and use information. The author discusses its practical applications, explains how hypertext works, and discusses how it is can be used by power utilities. Reserving a password and gaining access to the World Wide Web are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improvement in On/Off Ratio of Pentacene Static Induction Transistors with Ultrathin CuPc Layer (2006)

Conventional organic static induction transistors (OSITs) have been directly fabricated on a source electrode formed on a substrate without the investigation of the effect of a surface treatment on device characteristics. We have fabricated the OSITs based on pentacene thin film with an ultrathin copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) layer. The influence of depositing this ultrathin CuPc layer on the source electrode on static characteristics was investigated. The obtained results provided an important fact indicating that a high on/off ratio of 230 and a high current of 3 µA in an organic SIT are achieved by the formation of a hole injection barrier that works as a tunneling layer on a source electrode. The barrier effectively controls the tunnel current from the source electrode by applying a gate voltage.
Oxytocin and V1 vasopressin receptors in rabbit endometrium during pregnancy (1991)

Neurohypophysial hormone receptors were identified and characterized in rabbit endometrium and decidua by radioligand binding methods. The results strongly support the presence of a heterogeneity of sites in the decidua of parturient rabbits. The oxytocin site (R1) binds oxytocin and oxytocin analogues ([Thr4, Gly7]oxytocin and OTA) with high affinity, whereas the AVP site (R2) was selective for the V1 AVP analogues, [Phe2, Orn8]VT and d(CH2)5TyrMeAVP. The concentration of oxytocin receptors was low (50-100 fmol/mg protein) at oestrus (Day 0) and on Day 29 of pregnancy, but increased significantly (about 8-fold, P less than 0.05) during parturition. Conversely, V1 AVP receptors were more concentrated than the oxytocin sites at the end of pregnancy (150 fmol/mg protein) but did not change during parturition. These results indicate that neurohypophysial hormones have specific receptors not only in the myometrium but also in the uterine mucosa and we suggest that these receptors may participate in the regulation of uterine activity during pregnancy.
A Salmonella typhimurium genetic locus which confers copper tolerance on copper-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli (1997)

Three distinct clones from a Salmonella typhimurium genomic library were identified which suppressed the copper-sensitive (Cu(s)) phenotype of cutF mutants of Escherichia coli. One of these clones, pCUTFS2, also increased the copper tolerance of cutA, -C, and -E mutants, as well as that of a lipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (lgt) mutant of E. coli. Characterization of pCUTFS2 revealed that the genes responsible for suppression of copper sensitivity (scs) reside on a 4.36-kb DNA fragment located near 25.4 min on the S. typhimurium genome. Sequence analysis of this fragment revealed four open reading frames (ORF120, ORF627, ORF207, and ORF168) that were organized into two operons. One operon consisted of a single gene, scsA (ORF120), whereas the other operon contained the genes scsB (ORF627), scsC (ORF207), and scsD (ORF168). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the predicted gene products showed that ScsB, ScsC, and ScsD have significant homology to thiol-disulfide interchange proteins (CutA2, DipZ, CycZ, and DsbD) from E. coli and Haemophilus influenzae, to an outer membrane protein (Com1) from Coxiella burnetii, and to thioredoxin and thioredoxin-like proteins, respectively. The two operons were subcloned on compatible plasmids, and complementation analyses indicated that all four proteins are required for the increased copper tolerance of E. coli mutants. In addition, the scs locus also restored lipoprotein modification in lgt mutants of E. coli. Sequence analyses of the S. typhimurium scs genes and adjacent DNAs revealed that the scs locus is flanked by genes with high homology to the cbpA (predicted curved DNA-binding protein) and agp (acid glucose phosphatase) genes of E. coli located at 22.90 min (1,062.07 kb) and 22.95 min (1,064.8 kb) of the E. coli chromosome, respectively. However, examination of the E. coli chromosome revealed that these genes are absent at this locus and no evidence has thus been obtained for the occurrence of the scs locus elsewhere on the genome.
Visualizing relativistic effects (1991)

This work addresses visualization of special-relativity effects. In imaging the relativity concepts of length contraction and time dilation, there are additional distortions introduced by the finite light transit time between objects and the camera. We present visualization techniques that account for special-relativity physics and finite light transit time. These techniques synthesize images of high realism that show the combined spatial, temporal, and spectral effects in special-relativity visualization.
We also discuss the recovery of spacetime information of an object in relativistic motion from its images. This recovery is the reverse process of image synthesis, and may contribute to the analysis of images in astrophysical studies.
Fibrin-Loaded Porous Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels as Scaffold Materials for Vascularized Tissue Formation (2012)

Vascular network formation within biomaterial scaffolds is essential for the generation of properly functioning engineered tissues. In this study, a method is described for generating composite hydrogels in which porous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels serve as scaffolds for mechanical and structural support, and fibrin is loaded within the pores to induce vascularized tissue formation. Porous PEG hydrogels were generated by a salt leaching technique with 100-150-μm pore size and thrombin (Tb) preloaded within the scaffold. Fibrinogen (Fg) was loaded into pores with varying concentrations and polymerized into fibrin due to the presence of Tb, with loading efficiencies ranging from 79.9% to 82.4%. Fibrin was distributed throughout the entire porous hydrogels, lasted for greater than 20 days, and increased hydrogel mechanical stiffness. A rodent subcutaneous implant model was used to evaluate the influence of fibrin loading on in vivo response. At weeks 1, 2, and 3, all hydrogels had significant tissue invasion, but no difference in the depth of invasion was found with the Fg concentration. Hydrogels with fibrin loading induced more vascularization, with a significantly higher vascular density at 20 mg/mL (week 1) and 40 mg/mL (weeks 2 and 3) Fg concentration compared to hydrogels without fibrin. In conclusion, we have developed a composite hydrogel that supports rapid vascularized tissue ingrowth, and thus holds great potential for tissue engineering applications.
Novel Surface Modified Nanoparticles for Mitigation of Condensate and Water Blockage in Gas Reservoirs (2018)

Abstract Appreciable liquid and gas reserves can be found in gas condensate reservoirs. During gas production from the gas condensate reservoirs, the bottom-hole pressure may drop below the dew point pressure. When this occurs, liquid condensate will start to drop out of gas phase and accumulate in the area close to the wellbore where the pressure drop will be maximum. The accumulation of condensate, and sometimes water, in the area around the wellbore will result in reduction in the gas permeability and hence loss of production of gas and liquid condensate. Several techniques have been used to mitigate the problem of condensate and liquid blockage (banking) in gas reservoirs. These methods include injection of low flash point solvents, wettability alteration surfactants, gas cycling and hydraulic fracturing. None of the state of the art is a panacea for the problem since each method has its own pros and cons. In the current study, a novel chemical treatment formulation based on surface modified fluorinated silica nanoparticles (NP) was developed to mitigate the problem of condensate and water banking. The newly developed formulation is able to effectively alter the wettability of the rock surface from oil and/or water wetting to neutral wettability for both phases or to intermediate gas wet. The size distributions of the fluorinated silica nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The contact angle of water and decane on the new formulation-treated rock surfaces was measured to characterize wettability alteration of the treatment. Coreflood experiments were performed using outcrop samples and field gas condensate fluid composition under reservoir conditions (temperature is 300°F and pressure is 4000 psi). To investigate the nanoparticle size effects, two batches of the fluorinated silica nanoparticles with average sizes of 135, 180 and 400 nm were synthesized. The contact angle measured of water and decane on the treated sandstone surface was found to be 120 and 51 degrees, respectively; indicating that the fluorinated nanoparticles were able to change the wettability of the rock surface to strongly non-water wetting and moderately decane wetting. Several coreflood experiments were performed to optimize the fluorinated nanoparticles concentration and the solvent package. It was revealed that only three pore volumes (PV) of a treatment formulation composed of 0.065 wt.% concentration of fluorinated nanoparticles in butanol were able to achieve 37% improvement for gas and liquid relative permeability. The new fluorinated nanoparticle-based treatment reported herein was able to change the rock surface wettability to be non-wetting with liquids (both water and decane) or intermediate gas wetting effectively. More importantly, the treated surface was relatively long-lasting since the pressure drop after treatment was shown to be fluctuating around 33 to 36 psi (the same level after pumping 250 pore volumes of gas condensate mixture from our lab experiments under reservoir conditions.
Evidence that inhibition of tubular cell apoptosis protects against renal damage and development of fibrosis following ureteric obstruction (2005)

Ureteric obstruction is frequently encountered in primary care urology and can lead to damage to the ipsilateral kidney. Relief of all types of obstruction generally leads to the normalization of any deterioration in renal function noted at diagnosis. However, some evidence from animal models suggests that obstruction can cause progressive deleterious effects on renal function and blood pressure control, especially in the presence of preexisting pathologies such as essential hypertension. The last 10 years have seen a proliferation of studies in rodents wherein complete unilateral ureteric obstruction has been used as a model of renal fibrosis. However, the relevance of the findings to human obstructive uropathy has, in many cases, not been the primary aim. In this review, we outline the major events linking damage to the renal parenchyma and cell death to the evolution of fibrosis following obstruction. Special focus is given to the role of apoptosis as a major cause of cell death during and post-complete ureteric obstruction. Several interventions that reduce tubular apoptosis are discussed in terms of their ability to prevent subsequent progression to end-organ damage and fibrosis.
GaAs-AlGaAs HBT with carbon doped base layer grown by MOMBE (1990)

The first demonstration of GaAs/AlGaAs HBTs grown completely by metal organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) is reported. The The p-type dopant used for the base layer was carbon. Tin was used as the n-type dopant for the emitter as well as the collector. A common-emitter current gain of 140 was measured for 90 μm diameter devices with a base doping of 1 × 1019cm−3. Small area (2 × 6μm2), devices show a current gain cut-off frequency of ̃40GHz.
Preparation of highly reactive metal powders. Direct reaction of nickel, cobalt, and iron metal powders with arene halides (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of highly reactive metal powders. Direct reaction of nickel, cobalt, and iron metal powders with arene halidesArunas V. Kavaliunas and Reuben D. RiekeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 18, 5944–5945Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00538a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00538a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of ouabain and furosemide on transepithelial electrical parameters of the isolated shark ciliary epithelium. (1987)

Sections of the ciliary epithelium of adult sharks (Squalus acanthias) were mounted in Ussing-type chambers (area 0.2 cm2) for measurements of transepithelial potential difference (PD), short circuit current (SCC) and calculation of transepithelial resistance (R). In 15 preparations PD was aqueous side negative (-0.51 +/- 0.12 mV; SCC 18.3 +/- 2.5 microA cm-2; R 30.7 +/- 3.1 Ohm cm2). However, in 15 other preparations incubated in identical Ringer's solution PD was aqueous side positive (0.53 +/- 0.09 mV; SCC -19.6 +/- 2.3 microA cm-2; R 27.9 +/- 2.8 Ohm cm2). 10(-5) M ouabain or 10(-4) M furosemide were applied either to the aqueous or blood side of the isolated ciliary epithelium at transepithelial negative or positive PD. When the transepithelial PD was positive on the aqueous side ouabain decreased PD and SCC within 15 to 45 min. When the spontaneous PD was negative both PD and SCC decreased when ouabain was applied to the blood side. When the drug was given to the aqueous side a biphasic response (first stimulation, then inhibition) of PD and SCC was observed. Furosemide when given to the blood side (with aqueous side PD positive) or to the aqueous side (with aqueous side PD negative) decreased PD and SCC. However, a transient stimulation of both electrical parameters was observed when furosemide was applied to either the blood side (with aqueous side PD negative) or to the aqueous side (with aqueous side PD positive). The polarity and magnitude of PD and SCC probably depend on the relative activity of sodium and chloride pumps across the cell membranes of the non-pigmented and/or pigmented cell layer. However, additional transport mechanisms cannot be excluded.
A monoclonal antibody to human platelet glycoprotein IIIa detects a related protein in cultured human endothelial cells. (1985)

We have previously described a series of monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins. Two of the antibodies, B59.2 and B2.12, recognize the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. These two antibodies react specifically with glycoprotein (GP) IIIa, as shown by immunoblotting of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of solubilized platelet membranes. Monoclonal B2.12, but not B59.2, binds to cultured human endothelial cells obtained from umbilical vein, internal iliac artery, and inferior vena cava. At saturation approximately 100,000 binding sites were detected per human umbilical vein endothelial cell. When solubilized radioiodinated cells were chromatographed on a column of agarose-bound B2.12, a single radiolabeled protein was obtained whose apparent molecular weight is slightly larger than that of platelet GP IIIa. This protein incorporated [35S]methionine when endothelial cells were labeled metabolically. These results demonstrate that human endothelial cell membranes synthesize a protein immunologically related to platelet GP IIIa.
Programming of the Fire Escaping Paths Using Bayesian Estimated Algorithm (2014)

The paper develops a fire monitoring and escaping system that is applied in the intelligent home and uses mobile robots with flame sensor to detect fire sources. The supervised computer receives the locations of the detected fire sources and calculates the risk values of the cross points of the motion platform using joint probability. Then the supervised computer programs motion paths and escaping paths, and controls mobile robots to guide the human leaving the fire field. Mobile robots contain two types moving in the platform. One is the fire detection robot using ultraviolet sensor to search fire sources. The other represents the human walking in the motion platform autonomously. The controller of the two type mobile robot is STCMCS-51 microchip. The fire detection robots receive the motion command from the supervised compute via wireless RF interface. Each mobile robot transmits ID code, position and orientation, positions of detected fire sources and obstacles to the supervised computer via wireless RF interface, too. We classified three steps for fire detection process. The supervised computer controls fire detection robots to search fire sources, uses Gaussian distribution function to present the risk values of the detected fire source, and combines with joint probability to compute the relation risk for multiple fire sources in the first step. In the second step, A searching algorithm and the relation risk values were used as a basis to program the motion paths from the human, and a fire detection robot was assigned to guide the human leaving the fire field. The supervised computer re-programs the escaping routs to avoid detected fire sources and obstacles for the fire detection robots in the third step and controls mobile robots to present the movement scenario step by step.