gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipoteichoic Acid Acts as an Antagonist and an Agonist of Lipopolysaccharide on Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Monocytes in a CD14-Dependent Manner (1999)

CD14 has been implicated as a receptor of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and other bacterial components as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Since the structures of LTAs from various gram-positive bacteria are heterogeneous, we analyzed the effects of LTAs on the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by high- and low-CD14-expressing (CD14(high) and CD14(low)) human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). While Bacillus subtilis LTA had an IL-8-inducing effect on CD14(high) HGF which was considerably weaker than that of LPS, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans LTAs had practically no effect on the cells. B. subtilis LTA had only a weak effect on CD14(low) HGF, as did LPS. S. sanguis and S. mutans LTAs at a 1,000-fold excess each completely inhibited the IL-8-inducing activities of both LPS and a synthetic lipid A on CD14(high) HGF. The effect of LPS was also inhibited by the presence of an LPS antagonist, synthetic lipid A precursor IVA (LA-14-PP), with a 100-fold higher potency than S. sanguis and S. mutans LTAs and by anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (MAb). S. sanguis and S. mutans LTAs, LA-14-PP, and anti-CD14 MAb had no significant effect on phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated IL-8 secretion by HGF. These LTAs also inhibited the IL-8-inducing activity of B. subtilis LTA on CD14(high) HGF, as did LA-14-PP and anti-CD14 MAb. The antagonistic and agonistic functions of LTAs were also observed with human monocytes. Binding of fluorolabeled LPS to human monocytes was inhibited by S. sanguis LTA, although the inhibition was 100 times weaker than that of LPS itself, and anti-CD14 MAb inhibited fluorolabeled LPS and S. sanguis LTA binding. Binding of LTAs to CD14 was also observed with nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that LTAs act as antagonists or agonists via a CD14-dependent mechanism, probably due to the heterogeneous structure of LTAs, and that an antagonistic LTA might be a useful agent for suppressing the periodontal disease caused by gram-negative bacteria.
Simultaneous Calibration of ALS Systems and Alignment of Multiview LiDAR Scans of Urban Areas (2011)

Tasks such as city modeling or urban planning require the registration, alignment, and comparison of multiview and/or multitemporal remote sensing data. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is one of the established techniques to deliver these data. Regrettably, direct georeferencing of ALS measurements usually leads to considerable displacements that limit connectivity and/or comparability of overlapping point clouds. Most reasons for this effect can be found in the impreciseness of the positioning and orientation sensors and their misalignment to the laser scanner. Typically, these sensors are comprised of a global navigation satellite system receiver and an inertial measurement unit. This paper presents a method for the automatic self-calibration of such ALS systems and the alignment of the acquired laser point clouds. Although applicable to classical nadir configurations, a novelty of our approach is the consideration of multiple data sets that were recorded with an oblique forward-looking full-waveform laser scanner. A combination of a region-growing approach with a random-sample-consensus segmentation method is used to extract planar shapes. Matching objects in overlapping data sets are identified with regard to several geometric attributes. A new methodology is presented to transfer the planarity constraints into systems of linear equations to determine both the boresight parameters and the data alignment. In addition to system calibration and data registration, the presented workflow results in merged 3-D point clouds that contain information concerning rooftops and all building facades. This database represents a solid basis and reference for applications such as change detection.
IL-17 Promotes Murine Lupus (2014)

The proinflammatory activity of IL-17-producing Th17 cells has been associated with the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In this article, we provide direct evidence for a role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The induction of SLE by pristane in IL-17-sufficient wild-type mice did not occur in IL-17-deficient mice, which were protected from development of lupus autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis. The protection from SLE in IL-17-deficient mice was associated with a reduced frequency of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative T cells and an expansion of CD4(+) regulatory T cells, and did not depend on Stat-1 signaling. These data affirm the key role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of SLE and strengthen the support for IL-17 blockade in the therapy of SLE.
Stoichiometric and reversible phosphorylation of a 46-kDa protein in human platelets in response to cGMP- and cAMP-elevating vasodilators. (1990)

Recently, we reported the purification of a 46-kDa membrane-associated platelet protein which is phosphorylated in intact platelets and platelet membranes by cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases (Halbrügge, M., and Walter, U. (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. 185, 41-50). Here we demonstrate that both cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases catalyze the rapid incorporation of up to 1.4 mol of phosphate/mol of this purified vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). A specific rabbit antiserum was prepared which recognized both the 46-kDa dephospho form and the 50-kDa phospho form of VASP in Western blots. In untreated washed platelets, VASP was found to be present primarily as a 46-kDa dephosphoprotein. Sodium nitroprusside (100 microM) raised the intracellular platelet cGMP concentration from approximately 0.44 to 4.1 microM, without a significant effect on the cAMP level, and converted up to 50% of VASP to the 50-kDa phospho form. Prostaglandin E1 (10 microM) raised the platelet cAMP concentration from approximately 4.4 to 28.4 microM, without a significant effect on the cGMP level, and shifted up to 67% of VASP to the 50-kDa phospho form. Removal of the vasodilators sodium nitroprusside and prostaglandin E1 from the platelet suspension was followed by a return of the cyclic nucleotide concentration to basal levels and subsequent conversion of the 50-kDa phospho form of VASP to the 46-kDa dephospho form. The results support the hypothesis that VASP phosphorylation is an important component of the intracellular mechanism of action of these vasodilators in human platelets.
Controlling the language of statutes and regulations for semantic processing (2010)

Controlled Legal German (CLG) is a subset of legal German specifically designed to facilitate the semantic processing of Swiss statutes and regulations. In this paper, we describe the strategies CLG employs to reduce ambiguity and underspecification in such texts, and the methods it uses to maintain proximity to conventional legal language. The presented discussion suggests that, if existing synergies are properly exploited, the concept of controlled natural language can be of benefit to the semantic processing of legal texts as well as to legislative drafting.
Genetic comparison of bacteriophage PS17 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa R-type pyocin (1989)

PS17 is a bacteriophage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is serologically cross-reactive with phage tail-like bacteriocins called R-type pyocins. In addition to having immunological cross-reactivity, certain genes are functionally complementable between PS17 and R-type pyocins. To compare the genetic structures of PS17 and R-type pyocins, a physical map of PS17 genes was constructed by cloning phage DNA fragments on RSF1010-derived vector plasmids. The head and tail gene clusters were tandemly arrayed and together occupied about half of the 41-kilobase-pair PS17 chromosome. With use of these phage clones, the following results were obtained with respect to the genetic relationship between PS17 and R-type pyocins: (i) serological cross-reaction between PS17 and pyocin occurred for the major sheath protein and two components of the fiber, (ii) a certain pyocin mutation was complemented by cloned phage fragments, and (iii) the phage DNA fragment carrying sheath and core tube genes was shown to hybridize to the DNA fragment carrying the pyocin R2 genes.
Measurement of Permeability of Food Packaging Polymer Films to Organic Vapors (2001)

The need to determine the permeability of organic vapors to polymeric films such as aromas, flavors, etc. has significantly increased in the food industry because of preservation, safety issues along with migration problems. However, due to the complex nature of the permeation process, there have been few investigations compared to nonorganic compounds. In this paper, we review the history of permeability studies, typical methods of permeability measurement such as the isostatic method, quasi-isostatic method for organic vapors. New instrumental developments, significant findings are also introduced, discussed.
Saturation current improvement in 1200 V normally-off SiC VJFETs using non-uniform channel doping (2010)

Excellent performance and record inverter efficiency have been reported for 1200 V normally-off silicon carbide (SiC) vertical channel junction field effect transistors (VJFETs) with uniform channel doping. Optimally designed normally-off SiC VJFETs typically have a threshold voltage of approximately +1 V and pentode-like output characteristics with clear saturation. Some applications require significant surge or pulsed current capability thus it is desirable to increase saturation current density while maintaining normally-off operation. This paper reports the use of non-uniform channel doping in a normally-off SiC power VJFET to achieve a 28–48 % increase in saturation current and 13 % decrease in on-resistance compared to the uniform channel case. This results in a specific on-resistance of 2.5 mfl·cm2 and saturation current density of 1275 A·cm-2 at 25 °C. Forward drain leakage at V gs = 0 V and V ds = 1100 V (measurement setup limit) is very similar for both channel doping profiles and remains less than 55 uA (1.75 mA·cm−2) at 150 °C for the non-uniform channel SiC VJFET. The total switching energy for non-uniform channel devices was 194 (µ compared to 190 (jJ for uniform channel devices.
Cell-to-Cell Communications in the Heart (1995)

Electrical activation of the heart requires that current be transfered from one discreto cardiac myocyte to another. This occurs at gap junctios, specialized regions of the cell surface membrane containing arrays of intramembranous protein assemblies that align to the extacellular space to form aqueous pores that directly link the cytoplasms or adjacent cells. This review focuses on recent advances in knowledge about cell-to-cell communication at gap junctions in the heart. The mammalian heart is known to express at least three separate gap jucntion channel proteins (coppexion) that individually form channels with distinct biophysical properties. Cardiac tissues with disperate conduction properties such as the nodes and bundles of the conduction system and atrial and ventricular myocardium are also known to express different amounts of the cardiac connexins in combinations that may help to determine the conduction properties of each tissue. Furthermore, the number, size and spatial distribution of intercellular connections vary widely among tissue of the mammalian heart in patterns that are consistent with the marked disparties in their conduction properties. Thus, both structural and molecular features of gap junctions seem to be major determinants of the conduction properties of normal myocardial tissues. Alterations in intracellular coupling at gap junctions may also contribute to the development or acute and chronic conduction abnormalities leading to arrhythmogenesis in the diseased heart.
Atomic-layer growth of GaAs by modulated-continuous-wave laser metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (1987)

Atomic‐layer epitaxy (ALE) including self‐arresting deposition mechanism at 100% surface coverage is realized in GaAs by a modulated‐continuous‐wave laser metal‐organic vapor‐phase epitaxy technique. Selective decomposition of trimethylgallium (TMG) or triethylgallium (TEG) on an As‐atom layer by laser irradiation is an important mechanism to realize the ALE. The experimental results are well‐explained by a calculation based on this selective decomposition mechanism.
TRAF3 is a critical regulator of B cell homeostasis in secondary lymphoid organs (86.2) (2007)

Abstract TRAF3, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, is utilized by receptors of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily and Toll-like receptors for signaling. Despite in vitro evidence that TRAF3 plays diverse roles in different cell types, little is known about the in vivo functions of TRAF3. To address this gap in knowledge and to circumvent the early lethal effect of TRAF3 null mutations, we generated conditional TRAF3-deficient mice. We found that specific ablation of TRAF3 in the B cell lineage led to remarkably prolonged B cell survival and greatly expanded B cell compartments in secondary lymphoid organs. This culminated in splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, and autoimmune reactivity. These findings identify a novel critical role for TRAF3 in regulating B cell homeostasis in secondary lymphoid organs, and implicate the involvement of TRAF3 in peripheral self-tolerance induction. This study is supported by a grant from the American Heart Association (PX), NIH grants AI28847, AI49993, CA099997, and a VA Career Award (GAB).
160 Gb/s Bidirectional Polymer-Waveguide Board-Level Optical Interconnects Using CMOS-Based Transceivers (2009)

We have developed parallel optical interconnect technologies designed to support terabit/s-class chip-to-chip data transfer through polymer waveguides integrated in printed circuit boards (PCBs). The board-level links represent a highly integrated packaging approach based on a novel parallel optical module, or Optomodule, with 16 transmitter and 16 receiver channels. Optomodules with 16 Tx+16 Rx channels have been assembled and fully characterized, with transmitters operating at data rates up to 20 Gb/s for a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> -1 PRBS pattern. Receivers characterized as fiber-coupled 16-channel transmitter-to-receiver links operated error-free up to 15 Gb/s, providing a 240 Gb/s aggregate bidirectional data rate. The low-profile Optomodule is directly surface mounted to a circuit board using convention ball grid array (BGA) solder process. Optical coupling to a dense array of polymer waveguides fabricated on the PCB is facilitated by turning mirrors and lens arrays integrated into the optical PCB. A complete optical link between two Optomodules interconnected through 32 polymer waveguides has been demonstrated with each unidirectional link operating at 10 Gb/s achieving a 160 Gb/s bidirectional data rate. The full module-to-module link provides the fastest, widest, and most integrated multimode optical bus demonstrated to date.
Skin Advanced Glycation End Products Glucosepane and Methylglyoxal Hydroimidazolone Are Independently Associated With Long-term Microvascular Complication Progression of Type 1 Diabetes (2014)

Six skin collagen advanced glycation end products (AGEs) originally measured near to the time of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) closeout in 1993 may contribute to the "metabolic memory" phenomenon reported in the follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. We have now investigated whether the addition of four originally unavailable AGEs (i.e., glucosepane [GSPNE], hydroimidazolones of methylglyoxal [MG-H1] and glyoxal, and carboxyethyl-lysine) improves associations with incident retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy events during 13-17 years after DCCT. The complete 10-AGE panel is associated with three-step Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale worsening of retinopathy (P ≤ 0.002), independent of either mean DCCT or EDIC study A1C level. GSPNE and fructose-lysine (furosine [FUR]) correlate with retinopathy progression, independently of A1C level. The complete panel also correlates with microalbuminuria (P = 0.008) and FUR with nephropathy independently of A1C level (P ≤ 0.02). Neuropathy correlates with the complete panel despite adjustment for A1C level (P ≤ 0.005). MG-H1 and FUR are dominant, independent of A1C level (P < 0.0001), whereas A1C loses significance after adjustment for the AGEs. Overall, the added set of four AGEs enhances the association of the original panel with progression risk of retinopathy and neuropathy (P < 0.04) but not nephropathy, while GSPNE and MG-H1 emerge as the principal new risk factors. Skin AGEs are robust long-term markers of microvascular disease progression, emphasizing the importance of early and sustained implementation of intensive therapy.
Fatigue Damage of Materials with Small Crack Calculated by the Ratio-Method under Cyclic Loading (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Scattering Cancellation and Plasmonic Cloaking (2017)

The concepts of nonradiating sources, invisible particles, and minimum-scattering antennas have been investigated in a variety of scientific fields. This chapter provides an overview of some of the proposed cloaking techniques that employ metamaterials, and discuses their analogies and differences and the physics underlying their functionality in light of the unusual features of metamaterials. Materials with low and negative values of permittivity are available in nature at terahertz, infrared, and optical frequencies. Coordinate transformation techniques for cloaking applications have been analyzed by several groups in different theoretical and experimental papers. The strong resonances associated with the technique may produce strong sensitivity to losses, frequency, and other design variations, which indeed need further exploration. The chapter presents simulation results for the scattering cancellation technique, and highlights its main features and providing physical insights into the involved mechanisms. It reviews three other cloaking techniques involving metamaterials.
Refractive Indices of Water and Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions under High Magnetic Fields (2004)

The refractive index of water was measured at atmospheric pressure under magnetic fields up to 10 T and found to increase by ∼0.1% with increasing magnetic field strength. In contrast, the refractive index of saturated aqueous electrolyte solutions decreased under the magnetic field. In the case of n-hexane, any change of the optical property by the magnetic field was not found. A possible explanation is that the lifetime of the hydrogen bond is prolonged due to the electron delocalization of a water dimer under the magnetic field.
Analysis of arterial intimal hyperplasia: review and hypothesis (2007)

Two questions should inform the priorities of our research: (1) what controls switch the single cell-layer intimal phenotype into normal hyperplasia? (2) how is normal (benign) hyperplasia maintained? We would be hard-pressed to gain practical insights without scrutinizing our premises.
Theophylline inhibits tolerance and sensitization induced by morphine: a conditioned place preference paradigm study in female mice (2006)

The effect of theophylline on reward properties of morphine was examined in the present study. A biased conditioned place preference paradigm was used to study the effects of theophylline on the development of conditioned place preference by morphine in sensitized and tolerant female mice. Subcutaneous injection of morphine (0.5-10 mg/kg) induced conditioned place preference in mice, while intraperitoneal administration of theophylline (2.5-100 mg/kg) did not induce conditioned place preference or conditioned place aversion. Theophylline (2.5-100 mg/kg) in combination with morphine (5 mg/kg), during conditioning sessions, decreased the acquisition of morphine conditioned place preference dose independently. Administration of theophylline (2.5-100 mg/kg) before testing also caused a significant reduction of the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in a dose-independent manner. Administration of morphine (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg) daily, for 3 days, produced tolerance to conditioned place preference induced by the drug (5 mg/kg). Administration of theophylline (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) 1 h before morphine (12.5, 25 mg/kg), during development of tolerance, abolished morphine tolerance. A higher dose of theophylline (100 mg/kg), however, did not alter morphine tolerance. In addition, theophylline (2.5, 10 and 100 mg/kg) failed to reduce tolerance to a higher dose of morphine (50 mg/kg). Daily administration of morphine (5 mg/kg) for 3 days followed by a 5-day interval caused sensitization to morphine place conditioning. When theophylline was administered (2.5, 10 and 100 mg/kg) 1 h before morphine (5 mg/kg), during development of sensitization, inhibition of morphine-induced sensitization was demonstrated. The effect of theophylline was dose independent. It is concluded that while theophylline has no effect by itself, it reduced both the acquisition and expression of morphine conditioned place preference. In addition, theophylline reduced the acquisition of morphine conditioned place preference in morphine-sensitized and morphine-tolerant mice.
Why Every Open Source Software Project Needs A Good Dictator (2010)

Examines the problems that arise in open source software projects that lack a good dictator. Examines the qualities of a good dictator in the context of open source software development. Explains how dictators solve common problems that arise in open source software projects that lack clear leadership.
Manufacture and evaluation of Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Sn conductors fabricated by the MJR method (1983)

The bronze matrix/niobium filament process has become established as a commercially viable method for producing multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn superconductors. This paper describes a new method, the Modified Jelly-Roll (MJR) approach, which can produce a structure similar to that in a conventionally fabricated multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn conductor. This approach utilizes alternate sheets of niobium expanded metal and bronze, which are rolled into a "jelly-roll" configuration and then extruded. During extrusion and subsequent drawing, the junctures in the niobium are elongated and the material develops a filamentary structure. This method may offer significant advantages in terms of reduced fabrication time and cost over the conventional approach. Results of a manufacturing development program will be presented in which two lengths of conductor were made to High-Field Test Facility conductor specifications. In addition, critical current and transition temperature measurements of the sub-elements used to construct the HFTF-type lengths will be reported.