gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A C-terminal FMS mutation in a patient with B-cell malignancy. (1995)

The FMS proto-oncogene encodes a polypeptide growth factor receptor expressed on the cell surface of monocytes and B lymphocytes within the haematological system. Mutations of the FMS gene at codons 301 and 969 have been detected in a number of haematological disorders. Mutations at these codons are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of leukaemia in cells expressing a mutant receptor. Following our finding that the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) was expressed on B cells, we have assessed DNA from 17 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 15 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL), two samples from patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL), and 20 haematologically normal individuals for the presence of C-terminal mutations of the FMS gene. Using single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis (SSCP), a single band shift was detected resulting from a nucleotide insertion at codon 965 in the DNA isolated from a patient with B-NHL. These results indicate that mutations of the FMS gene in this region are rare in B-cell malignancy but may contribute to the pathogenesis of leukaemias and lymphomas in a small subset of patients. However, the presence of other mutations not detected using this type of analysis cannot be excluded.
In-situ refractory intermetallic-based composites (1995)

With the ultimate objective of exploiting refractory intermetallics for high-temperature structural materials, several binary and ternary two-phase intermetallics/refractory-metal solid solutions were explored. The ductile solid solution is used to toughen the composite microstructure via in-situ phase separation. While the viability of ductile phase separation in solid state was briefly considered for systems such as Nb3Al/Nb, much of the work focused on processing eutectic systems such as Cr2Nb/Nb and (Nb,Mo)5Si3/Nb,Mo). This paper describes results obtained via containerless directional solidification of these high-melting eutectic alloys using an optical float-zone furnace. The observations are explained on the basis of solidification theory and parameters unique to the optical float-zone furnace. It is demonstrated that, by this technique, casting-defect- and macrosegregation-free material, with well-aligned microstructure, can be readily produced. Moreover, the potential to approach sub-micron laminate spacing at high growth rate in alloys with very high melting eutectics has also been established. Room-temperature bend test evaluation of directionally solidified material is discussed in light of prevailing theories of ductile phase toughening. The results of a preliminary exploration of the NbMoCrSiAl multicomponent system are presented, showing the prevalence of eutectic phase separation and the potential for improving oxidation resistance.
Narrowing in on the causative defect of an intriguing X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy (2002)

This study doubles the number of reported families with XMEA and more firmly establishes its distinctive clinicopathologic features. It also advances the search for the XMEA causative defect by reducing the disease locus to approximately half its previous size, assembling an almost complete sequence of the refined region, identifying all known genes in this sequence, and excluding the presence of mutations in 10% of these genes.
SmartRoad (2015)

In this article we present SmartRoad, a crowd-sourced road sensing system that detects and identifies traffic regulators, traffic lights, and stop signs, in particular. As an alternative to expensive road surveys, SmartRoad works on participatory sensing data collected from GPS sensors from in-vehicle smartphones. The resulting traffic regulator information can be used for many assisted-driving or navigation systems. In order to achieve accurate detection and identification under realistic and practical settings, SmartRoad automatically adapts to different application requirements by (i) intelligently choosing the most appropriate information representation and transmission schemes, and (ii) dynamically evolving its core detection and identification engines to effectively take advantage of any external ground truth information or manual label opportunity. We implemented SmartRoad on a vehicular smartphone test bed, and deployed it on 35 external volunteer users’ vehicles for two months. Experiment results show that SmartRoad can robustly, effectively, and efficiently carry out the detection and identification tasks.
Fullerodendron-assisted Dispersion of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes via Noncovalent Functionalization (2005)

Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were well dispersed in both water and organic solvent by the use of fullerodendron as a dispersant. A C60 moiety at the focal point of dendron plays a crucial role in the dispersing process, because dendron having an anthracene unit at the focal point can not disperse SWNTs in THF. The dispersions of SWNTs were characterized by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, HRTEM, and AFM.
24-GHz joint radar and radio system capable of time-agile wireless sensing and communication (2011)

A multifunctional and time-agile system combining both radar sensing and radio communication capabilities is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for 24-GHz vehicular applications. By arranging the radar sensing mode and the radio communication mode in sequential time slots, the present system can operate with the flexibility and capability of functional reconfiguration and fusion using a single transceiver platform. To further reduce cost and also increase efficiency, a 24-GHz system demonstrator has been designed based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Preliminary experiments have verified system performance. In addition to high-precision range detection, the proposed system has proved a great capability of communication at a data rate of 50 Mbps for both binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) and quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK). Therefore, this system is a very promising cost-effective solution for the development of 24-GHz onboard multifunctional systems.
Factors that alter the growth and development of ruminants (1993)

Growth is defined as an increase in tissue mass. Mass increases by hyperplasia early in life and hypertrophy later in life, although hyperplasia of adipose tissue continues throughout life. The growth curve, being mass or cumulative weight plotted against age, is sigmoid, consisting of a prepubertal accelerating phase plus a postpubertal decelerating phase. Mathematically, this curve can be described as a function of mature mass, fractional growth rate, and age. At a specific fraction of mature mass, body composition seems to be constant, but the degree to which nutrition can alter mature mass is not certain. If mature mass is altered, body composition at any given mass will be altered. Mature mass can be decreased by starvation or protein deficiency early in life. Alternatively, retarding the deposition of fat or the administration of estrogenic compounds may increase mature protein mass. Many of the advances in rate and efficiency of growth and in reduced fat of meat cuts can be explained by increased mature protein mass of ruminants. Animals with higher mature weight require more energy for maintenance and reach puberty later in life, so a larger mature mass is not desirable for the breeding herd. Indeed, smaller replacement heifers would prove economical if reproduction were not decreased. A period of restricted growth and fat deposition (as on pasture) can increase the slaughter weight of small cattle into a more desirable range, presumably through increasing mature protein mass. However, calves with retarded growth often make less efficient feedlot gains than do calves finished immediately after being weaned. For growing large-framed heifers, pasture alone often provides an inadequate energy supply for early puberty, but excessive amounts of supplemental feed can enhance fat deposition in the udder, which subsequently decreases milk production. By manipulating the supply of specific nutrients and hormones, it may prove feasible in the future to reduce fat deposition in specific tissues and to alter mature body protein mass.
More Reliable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: Status, Solutions and Prospects (2017)

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted tremendous interest because of their high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. The target of Li-S battery research is to produce batteries with a high useful energy density that at least outperforms state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. However, due to an intrinsic gap between fundamental research and practical applications, the outstanding electrochemical results obtained in most Li-S battery studies indeed correspond to low useful energy densities and are not really suitable for practical requirements. The Li-S battery is a complex device and its useful energy density is determined by a number of design parameters, most of which are often ignored, leading to the failure to meet commercial requirements. The purpose of this review is to discuss how to pave the way for reliable Li-S batteries. First, the current research status of Li-S batteries is briefly reviewed based on statistical information obtained from literature. This includes an analysis of how the various parameters influence the useful energy density and a summary of existing problems in the current Li-S battery research. Possible solutions and some concerns regarding the construction of reliable Li-S batteries are comprehensively discussed. Finally, insights are offered on the future directions and prospects in Li-S battery field.
Secure and Lightweight Firmware Update Framework for IoT Environment (2019)

High market demands on IoT devices give rise to numerous malware attacks in IoT ecosystem. In order to protect IoT devices, device owners are required to keep their device's firmware up-to-date. However, sometimes the firmware update process could be very challenging for technology illiterate device owners. As there are risks of online adversaries to launch attacks to the IoT device during the firmware update process. In this paper, a robust and lightweight firmware update framework utilizing skipchain technology is proposed to ensure the integrity of distributed firmware and secure firmware distribution process. A prototype based on the proposed firmware update framework is developed to show the feasibility of the proposed framework design.
Projection maskless patterning for nanotechnology applications (2008)

Projection maskless patterning (PMLP) is based on a programmable aperture plate system and on charged particle projection optics with 200× reduction, providing thousands of electron or ion (H+, He+, Ar+, Xe+, C60−) beams working in parallel on the substrate. As part of the European CHARPAN project a PMLP proof-of-concept tool has been realized. Using resolution templates, with 10keV H+ multibeams a resolution of 16nm lines and spaces was achieved in HSQ resist across the proof-of-concept tool 25×25μm2 exposure field at an exposure dose of 25μC∕cm2. Enhancing the dose by 10% there was &lt;1nm increase in linewidth. With 10keV Ar+ multibeams resistless nanopatterning of various materials was accomplished. Inserting a wired programmable aperture plate system providing ∼4000 beams, first HSQ resist exposure and patterning results have been accomplished, implementing gray scale exposure techniques. The system is being upgraded to a PMLP engineering tool integrating an aperture plate system with complementary metal oxide semiconductor electronics providing ∼40000 programmable beams, a precursor gas injection system for in situ ion multibeam induced etching and deposition, and a laser-interferometer controlled high-precision vacuum stage. Industrial PMLP nanotechnology applications are discussed.
Effect of Pasteurella haemolytica-derived endotoxin on pulmonary structure and function in calves (1990)

The role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of acute pneumonic pasteurellosis is uncertain. Recently, we reported that Escherichia coli-derived endotoxin given by airway inoculation fails to induce lung injury in calves. Because Pasteurella haemolytica-derived endotoxin may differ substantially from E coli in its pathogenicity, we repeated these studies with Pasteurella endotoxin. Intratracheal inoculation of P haemolytica endotoxin caused hypoxemia and increased the alveolar-arterial oxygen differences without causing hypercarbia or changes in lung mechanical properties and volumes. In contrast, IV inoculation of endotoxin caused systemic hypotension, leukopenia, gas exchange impairment, increased total pulmonary resistance, and decreased dynamic compliance. Both routes of inoculation increased serum endotoxin concentrations and were associated with areas of pulmonary hemorrhage, edema, and acute inflammation. We concluded that P haemolytica-derived endotoxin is pathogenic by IV and airway routes of inoculation, and therefore differs from E coli endotoxin in its ability to induce lung lesions in calves.
Seasonal influenza vaccines: evolutions and future trends (2009)

Influenza vaccines are among the oldest still in active use. Purity, potency and standardization have been improved over the years. However, they are still produced using the same basic methods as when they were first introduced and evaluated by the US Armed Forces during and after the Second World War. For some time, the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines have been recognized as having deficiencies. These deficiencies are now being addressed by a number of innovative approaches in vaccine development. These include strategies for broadening the vaccine-induced immune response, increasing the duration of protection, improving the protection induced in older individuals and reducing dependence on the egg supply. Each new vaccine will need to be evaluated carefully, ideally against placebo as well as against a standard vaccine, to determine absolute and relative efficacy. Such data will be necessary to inform decisions on making selections for use.
Intranets and organizational learning (1997)

The learning organization has been heralded as a proactive strategy to address the amount and rate of change facing businesses today. A learning culture provides managers with the information and analysis necessary to modify their organizations to satisfy internal as well as external stakeholders. The specific mechanism to bring about learning in an organizational context has not yet been well articulated. The intranet, however, provides organizations an infrastructure upon which information acquisition, dissemination, and sharing can be supported. This paper explores the ways in which an intranet can support all phases of organizational learning.
Improved Uniformity of Aortic Enhancement with Customized Contrast Medium Injection Protocols at CT Angiography (2000)

At CT angiography, tailored biphasic injections led to more uniform aortoiliac enhancement, compared with standard uniphasic injections of contrast medium.
Quadratic optimal control of stable well-posed linear systems (1997)

We consider the infinite horizon quadratic cost minimization problem for a stable time-invariant well-posed linear system in the sense of Salamon and Weiss, and show that it can be reduced to a spectral factorization problem in the control space. More precisely, we show that the optimal solution of the quadratic cost minimization problem is of static state feedback type if and only if a certain spectral factorization problem has a solution. If both the system and the spectral factor are regular, then the feedback operator can be expressed in terms of the Riccati operator, and the Riccati operator is a positive self-adjoint solution of an algebraic Riccati equation. This Riccati equation is similar to the usual algebraic Riccati equation, but one of its coefficients varies depending on the subspace in which the equation is posed. Similar results are true for unstable systems, as we have proved elsewhere.
Identity preserving face synthesis using generative adversarial networks (2019)

This paper provides a comparative analysis between two recent image-to-image translation models based on Generative Adversarial Networks. The first one is UNIT which consists of coupled GANs and variational autoencoders (VAEs) with shared-latent space, and the second one is Star-GAN which contains a single GAN model. Given training data from two different domains from dataset CelebA, these two models learn translation task in two directions. For evaluation, we conduct some experiments and provide a quantitative comparison using direct metric GAM (Generative Adversarial Metric) to quantify the ability of generalization and the ability of generating photorealistic photos. In addition, StarGAN and UNIT are tested in generating new head poses with preserving identity, where there is no prior information about their ability to translate faces from a source pose domain to a target pose domain. Furthermore, some modifications on reconstruction loss function are proposed to improve synthesis of new poses with identity preserving. The experimental results show the superiority of cross-model UNIT over multi-model StarGAN on generating age and eye glasses attributes, and the equivalent performance to synthesize other attributes. While with regard to synthesizing new poses, they show the superiority of multi-model StarGAN over cross-model UNIT and better performance on our loss functions.
Holographic mask aligner (1993)

Total internal reflection holography permits high-resolution, noncontact lithography over very large fields. A production lithographic system has been constructed employing specially developed illumination, focus, and alignment subsystems integrated onto a 6-in. substrate-handling mechanism. The system achieves an imaging resolution of 0.25 μm with a present overlay capability of ± 0.5 μm. A fine alignment system under development has demonstrated a 50-nm measurement accuracy. The technology is well suited to many applications, including the manufacture of flat panel displays, surlace acoustic wave devices, integrated optics, and optical storage disks.
A weighted buddy method for dynamic storage allocation (1974)

An extension of the buddy method, called the weighted buddy method, for dynamic storage allocation is presented. The weighted buddy method allows block sizes of 2 k and 3·2 k , whereas the original buddy method allowed only block sizes of 2 k . This extension is achieved at an additional cost of only two bits per block. Simulation results are presented which compare this method with the buddy method. These results indicate that, for a uniform request distribution, the buddy system has less total memory fragmentation than the weighted buddy algorithm. However, the total fragmentation is smaller for the weighted buddy method when the requests are for exponentially distributed block sizes.
Microcrystalline Si<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ge<sub><i>x</i></sub>Solar Cells Exhibiting Enhanced Infrared Response with Reduced Absorber Thickness (2008)

Thin film p–i–n junction solar cells incorporating hydrogenated microcrystalline Si1-xGex (µc-Si1-xGex:H) absorber i layers (1 µm) have been fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in the composition range of 0≤x≤0.35. By increasing Ge content from x=0 to 0.15–0.2, short-circuit current density increases by ∼5 mA/cm2 with spectral sensitivities extending into the infrared wavelengths (>600 nm). However, solar cell parameters for larger Ge contents (x>0.2) are lowered by the increased charge carrier recombination in the µc-Si1-xGex:H i layer. As a result, a 6.3% efficient solar cell is obtained at x=0.2, exhibiting infrared response even higher than that of double-thickness µc-Si:H solar cells. The solar cell shows excellent performance stability under prolonged light soaking.
Targeted therapy of spontaneous murine pancreatic tumors by polymeric micelles prolongs survival and prevents peritoneal metastasis (2013)

Nanoscaled drug-loaded carriers are of particular interest for efficient tumor therapy as numerous studies have shown improved targeting and efficacy. Nevertheless, most of these studies have been performed against allograft and xenograft tumor models, which have altered microenvironment features affecting the accumulation and penetration of nanocarriers. Conversely, the evaluation of nanocarriers on genetically engineered mice, which can gradually develop clinically relevant tumors, permits the validation of their design under normal processes of immunity, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Therefore, considering the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, we used the elastase 1-promoted luciferase and Simian virus 40 T and t antigens transgenic mice, which develop spontaneous bioluminescent pancreatic carcinoma, and showed that long circulating micellar nanocarriers, incorporating the parent complex of oxaliplatin, inhibited the tumor growth as a result of their efficient accumulation and penetration in the tumors. The reduction of the photon flux from the endogenous tumor by the micelles correlated with the decrease of serum carbohydrate-associated antigen 19-9 marker. Micelles also reduced the incidence of metastasis and ascites, extending the survival of the transgenic mice.
A CPU on a plastic film substrate (2004)

A CPU using a high performance poly-silicon TFT is successfully fabricated on a plastic film substrate by a TFT transfer technology onto a plastic film substrate we developed. No performance degradation by the transfer process was observed, and we confirmed the CPU operation at the frequency of more than 10MHz with a power source voltage 33V.
A 100 Gbit/s 2 Vpp power multiplexer in SiGe BiCMOS technology for directly driving a monolithically integrated plasmonic MZM in a silicon photonics transmitter (2017)

An 8:1 multiplexer with a power output stage (PMUX) in SiGe BiCMOS technology for directly driving a plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with a 2 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> differential voltage swing at a data rate of 100Gbit/s is presented. The PMUX is intended to be monolithically integrated with an ultrashort MZM on a single chip in a novel silicon photonic process. Through this integration, the bandwidth and output voltage swing could be improved compared to an external MZM load that requires far end termination. Furthermore, the direct driving by the PMUX eliminates the traditional driver amplifier, whereby power can be saved and the signal quality can be improved. Electrical measurements of the MUX show clear eye openings at 100Gbit/s up to a 2.0 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> differential output voltage swing at an external 50 Ω oscilloscope load. The inherent high-speed capability of the PMUX is demonstrated at the speed limit of the available measurement equipment at 140Gbit/s, where the PMUX still achieves 1.2 Vpp differential voltage swing, which is a record for SiGe bipolar technology.
A loop-detect packet based self stabilizing bridge protocol for extended-LANs (1989)

It has become the trend for network managers to require redundant bridges as back-up for bridge/link failures. The inherent problem with such a scheme is that it causes certain packets to loop continuously around the topology causing severe degradation to the performance of the overall system. Various solutions to the problem of combating this phenomenon exist, most notably the Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) by Perlman [2]. Solutions based on a loop detect packet have been proposed previously [1]. but were never given enough thought to make it a viable alternative to work based on the STA. It is hoped to show a more powerful loop detect packet based algorithm in this paper. The problems which have plagued the previous loop detect approach [1] will be seen to be dealt with, and further extensions proposed. This algorithm is for multiple port local/remote bridges.