gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of Scanning Probes and Ion Beams (2005)

We report the integration of a scanning force microscope with ion beams. The scanning probe images surface structures non-invasively and aligns the ion beam to regions of interest. The ion beam is transported through a hole in the scanning probe tip. Piezoresistive force sensors allow placement of micromachined cantilevers close to the ion beam lens. Scanning probe imaging and alignment is demonstrated in a vacuum chamber coupled to the ion beam line. Dot arrays are formed by ion implantation in resist layers on silicon samples with dot diameters limited by the hole size in the probe tips of a few hundred nm.
Tree-Based Approach to Missing Data Imputation (2009)

Missing data is a well-recognized issue in data mining, and imputation is one way to handle the problem. In this paper, we propose a novel tree-based imputation algorithm called ¿imputation tree¿ (ITree). It first studies the predictability of missingness using all observations by constructing a binary classification tree called ¿missing pattern tree¿ (MPT). Then, missing values in each cluster or terminal node are estimated by a regression tree of observations at that node. We present empirical results using both synthetic and real data. Almost all experiments demonstrate that ITree is superior to other commonly used methods in estimating missing values. The algorithm not only produces an impressive accuracy, but also provides information on the nature of missingness.
Pollen grains are efficient cloud condensation nuclei (2010)

This letter presents a laboratory study investigating the ability of pollen grains to act as cloud condensation nuclei. The hygroscopicity of pollen is measured under subsaturated relative humidities using an electrodynamic balance. It is found, along with other results, that pollen exhibits bulk uptake of water under subsaturated conditions. Through the use of an environmental scanning electron microscope it was observed that the surface of pollen is wettable at high subsaturated humidities. The hygroscopic response of the pollen to subsaturated relative humidities is parametrized using κ-Köhler theory and values of the parameter κ for pollen are between 0.05 and 0.1. It is found that while pollen grains are only moderately hygroscopic, they can activate at critical supersaturations of 0.001% and lower, and thus pollen grains will readily act as cloud condensation nuclei. While the number density of pollen grains is too low for them to represent a significant global source of cloud condensation nuclei, the large sizes of pollen grains suggest that they will be an important source of giant cloud condensation nuclei. Low temperature work using the environmental scanning electron microscope indicated that pollen grains do not act as deposition ice nuclei at temperatures warmer than − 15 °C.
Oxidation of Thiosulfate by a New Bacterium, Bosea thiooxidans. (strain BI-42) gen. nov., sp. nov.: Analysis of Phylogeny Based on Chemotaxonomy and 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequencing (1996)

A gram-negative bacterium which was capable of oxidizing reduced inorganic sulfur compounds was isolated from agricultural soil and designated BI-42. This new isolate grew on a wide range of organic substrates but was not able to grow autotrophically and lacked ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, a key enzyme of carbon dioxide fixation. These results suggested that strain BI-42 was a chemolithoheterotroph. Ammonia and nitrate were not used as sole nitrogen sources for growth, and strain BI-42 lacked glutamate synthase activity, which resulted in glutamate auxotrophy. The glutamate dehydrogenase activity of this organism was apparently insufficient for ammonia assimilation. On the basis of the results of additional biochemical tests, the G + C content of the DNA, the results of a respiratory ubiquinone analysis, the results of a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, the fatty acid composition, and the results of a membrane lipid analysis, strain BI-42 was identified as a phylogenetically and physiologically distinct taxon belonging to the alpha subclass of the Proteobacteria. Bosea thiooxidans gen. nov., sp. nov. is the name proposed for this taxon.
Methylmercury in Populations Eating Large Quantities of Marine Fish (1980)

A Peruvian population was identified that was chronically exposed to methylmercury from the long-term consumption of ocean fish. The weekly fish intake averaged 10.1 kg per average family of 6.2 persons. Blood methylmercury concentrations ranged from 11 to 275 ng/ml, with a mean of 82 ng/ml. Paresthesias were reported by 29.5% of the population. In contrast, a nearby control population had a mean weekly fish consumption of 1.9 kg per average family of 6.4 persons. Their blood methylmercury levels were 3.3-25.1 ng/ml, with a mean of 9.9 ng/ml. Paresthesias were reported by 49.5% of this control group. No individual was identified with symptoms or signs that could be attributed to methylmercury intoxication.
Action, Not Rhetoric, Needed to Reverse the Opioid Overdose Epidemic (2017)

Despite shifts in rhetoric and some positive movement, Americans with the disease of addiction are still often stigmatized, criminalized, and denied access to evidencebased care. Dramatically reducing the number of lives unnecessarily lost to overdose requires an evidence-based, equity-focused, well-funded, and coordinated response. We present in this brief article evidence-based and promising practices for improving and refocusing the response to this simmering public health crisis. Topics covered include improving clinical decision-making, improving access to non-judgmental evidence-based treatment, investing in comprehensive public health approaches to problematic drug use, and changing the way law enforcement actors interact with people who use drugs.
Ethylene Signaling Renders the Jasmonate Response of <i>Arabidopsis</i> Insensitive to Future Suppression by Salicylic Acid (2010)

Cross-talk between jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET), and Salicylic acid (SA) signaling is thought to operate as a mechanism to fine-tune induced defenses that are activated in response to multiple attackers. Here, 43 Arabidopsis genotypes impaired in hormone signaling or defense-related processes were screened for their ability to express SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression. Mutant cev1, which displays constitutive expression of JA and ET responses, appeared to be insensitive to SA-mediated suppression of the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 and VSP2. Accordingly, strong activation of JA and ET responses by the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola prior to SA treatment counteracted the ability of SA to suppress the JA response. Pharmacological assays, mutant analysis, and studies with the ET-signaling inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene revealed that ET signaling renders the JA response insensitive to subsequent suppression by SA. The APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR transcription factor ORA59, which regulates JA/ET-responsive genes such as PDF1.2, emerged as a potential mediator in this process. Collectively, our results point to a model in which simultaneous induction of the JA and ET pathway renders the plant insensitive to future SA-mediated suppression of JA-dependent defenses, which may prioritize the JA/ET pathway over the SA pathway during multi-attacker interactions.
A 5V Only 16Mbit Flash EEPROM Cell Using Highly Reliable Write/Erase Technologies (1991)

A highly reliable 5V only 16Mbit Flash EEPROM cell (3.6μm2 cell size, same as an UV EPROM[1]) has been developed. The technologies used were as follows:
Online Prediction of Driver Distraction Based on Brain Activity Patterns (2014)

This paper presents a new computational framework for early detection of driver distractions (map viewing) using brain activity measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Compared with most studies in the literature, which are mainly focused on the classification of distracted and nondistracted periods, this study proposes a new framework to prospectively predict the start and end of a distraction period, defined by map viewing. The proposed prediction algorithm was tested on a data set of continuous EEG signals recorded from 24 subjects. During the EEG recordings, the subjects were asked to drive from an initial position to a destination using a city map in a simulated driving environment. The overall accuracy values for the prediction of the start and the end of map viewing were 81% and 70%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can predict the start and end of map viewing with relatively high accuracy and can be generalized to individual subjects. The outcome of this study has a high potential to improve the design of future intelligent navigation systems. Prediction of the start of map viewing can be used to provide route information based on a driver's needs and consequently avoid map-viewing activities. Prediction of the end of map viewing can be used to provide warnings for potential long map-viewing durations. Further development of the proposed framework and its applications in driver-distraction predictions are also discussed.
Tumour Regression after Treatment with Aminated β1‐3D Polyglucose Is Initiated by Circulatory Failure (1989)

Meth A sarcoma grew progressively when inoculated intradermally in CB6 mice. When the mice were treated on day 7 after inoculation with 10 mg aminated polyglucose (AG) [Bogwald, J., Hoffman, J. & Seljelid, R. Carbohydrate Res. 148, 101, 1986], the tumours regressed completely in over 90% of the cases. During the first hours after AG treatment, tumour thymidine incorporation decreased, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content decreased, and there were indications of circulatory disturbance as shown by decreased deposition of dye (trypan blue) in the tumour tissue after intravenous injection. Histological examination demonstrated a conspicuous thickening of the walls of small tumour vessels, statis of red blood cells, and perivascular collections of mononuclear cells only hours after AG treatment. In thymectomized animals, where regression does not occur after AG treatment [Seljelid, R. Bioscience Reports 6, 845, 1986], there was no evidence of circulatory failure, no tumour diameter reduction, and no decrease in colouring following intravenous injection of trypan blue. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the early phase of events after AG treatment leading to tumour regression involves a vascular phenomenon that causes circulatory disturbance and necrosis. The data also indicate that this initial circulatory failure requires the involvement of functional T cells.
A Multi-Center Prospective Study to Validate an Algorithm Using Urine and Plasma Biomarkers for Predicting Gleason ≥3+4 Prostate Cancer on Biopsy (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Unnecessary biopsies and overdiagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) remain a serious healthcare problem. We have previously shown that urine- and plasma-based prostate-specific biomarkers when combined can predict high grade prostate cancer (PCa). To further validate this test, we performed a prospective multicenter study recruiting patients from community-based practices. <b>Patients and Methods:</b> Urine and plasma samples from 2528 men were tested prospectively. Results were correlated with biopsy findings, if a biopsy was performed as deemed necessary by the practicing urologist. Of the 2528 patients, biopsy was performed on only 524 (21%) patients. <b>Results</b>: Of the 524 patients, Gleason≥3+4 PCa was found in 161 (31%) and Gleason ≥4+3 was found in 62 (12%) of the patients. The urine/plasma biomarkers algorithm showed sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 69% for predicting Gleason ≥3+4. However, upon incorporating prostate size and prior history of biopsy in the algorithm, we achieved a sensitivity between 97% and 86% and a specificity between 36% and 57%, dependent on the used cut-off point. Sensitivity for predicting PCa Gleason ≥4+3 was between 96% and 99% and specificity between 59% and 37%, dependent on the cut-off point. Diagnosis of Gleason ≥3+4 was missed in 1% to 3% of tested patients and of Gleason ≥4+3 in 0.2% to 1%. <b>Conclusion:</b> This test when integrated with prostate volume and the prior prostate biopsy enhance the sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of high grade prostate cancer with negative predictive value (NPV) of 90% to 97% for Gleason ≥3+4 and between 98% to 99% for Gleason ≥4+3.
Treating cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. (2000)

Cognitive dysfunction is a common, chronically disabling component of schizophrenia. It has been proposed that many of the symptoms of schizophrenia can be understood as a result of disruption of fundamental cognitive processes. This paper reviews treatment strategies aimed at improving cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Nonpharmacologic interventions include instruction in the performance of tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Mixed results have been achieved, but it appears that instruction methods involving reinforcement of information held in working memory are more successful. Computer-aided remediation has also been used with variable success. Novel antipsychotic drugs appear to have an advantage over conventional antipsychotic drugs in terms of their effect on cognitive function. The development of more precisely tailored methods of remedial teaching, along with optimal pharmacologic treatment, may lead to more effective treatment of cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.
Roundabout Papers (2000)

Concurrently with the appearance of Batchelor as narrator of Lovel the Widower, readers of The Cornhill Magazine witnessed the emergence of another new personality: someone who, like Batchelor, spoke openly in offering personal testimony, but who also spoke anonymously and without the impress of personal identity. Indeed, the reader as well as the writer was called upon to participate in the discovery and articulation of that speaker's reality— someone who ultimately became identified as "Mr. Roundabout." Hence an understanding of that process requires, at least to some degree, a chronological awareness.1 KeywordsChildhood SeparationSilver BromideChristmas TreePersonal TestimonyAmerican BoxingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Facile Synthesis of 4′-Thio-2′-deoxypyrimidine Nucleosides and Preliminary Studies on Their Properties (1993)

Abstract Several 4′-thio-2′-deoxypyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized from 2-deoxy-D-ribose via 7 steps. The 4′-thionucleosides were obtained by reaction of the corresponding trimethylsilylated pyrimidine bases with 4-thiosugar(6), which has been synthesized in one step by treatment of 3,5-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-D-ribose dibenzyldithioacetal(4) with the Ph3P-I2-Im system. The chemical stability of 4′-thio-2′-deoxythymidine is also described. 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (5-FDUR), 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine(5-IDUR) and their 4′-thio-analogs 8b, 8c were evaluated for antitumor activity. 5-Fluoro-4′-thio-2′-deoxyuridine(8b) was more inhibitory than 5-FDUR, especially at a concentration of lug/ml.
Communication design for electronic negotiations on the basis of XML schema (2001)

Article Share on Communication design for electronic negotiations on the basis of XML schema Author: Michael Ströbel IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Rüschlikon, SwitzerlandView Profile Authors Info & Claims WWW '01: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide WebMay 2001Pages 9–20https://doi.org/10.1145/371920.371924Published:01 April 2001Publication History 10citation823DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads823Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Single Event Effects in Si and SiC Power MOSFETs Due to Terrestrial Neutrons (2016)

Experimental investigation of neutron induced single event failures and the associated device cross sections as well as low altitude failure-in-time (FIT) curves in silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs at room temperature are reported along with possible explanation of failure mechanisms in SiC devices. Neutrons are found to give rise to significantly fewer failures in SiC power MOSFETs compared to their Si equivalents; however, SiC power MOSFETs do exhibit catastrophic failures when exposed to neutrons that simulate the terrestrial spectrum.
MOLE: a knowledge acquisition tool that uses its head (1986)

MOLE can help domain experts build a heuristic classification problem-solver by working with them to generate an initial knowledge base and then detect and rernedy deficiencies in it. By exploiting several heuristic assumptions about the world, MOLE is able to minimize the information it needs to elicit from the domain expert. In particular, by using static techniques of analysis, MOLE is able to infer support values and fill in gaps when a knowledge base is under-specified. And by using dynamic techniques of analysis, MOLE is able to interactively refine the knowledge base. 1. Int reduction MOLE assists domain experts in building expert systems that do heuristic classification [Clancey 84, Clancey 85, Buchanan 841. MOLE is useful in domains in which the expert can preenumerate
A Facile and Green Approach for the Controlled Synthesis of Porous SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanospheres: Application as an Efficient Photocatalyst and an Excellent Gas Sensing Material (2012)

A facile and elegant methodology invoking the principles of Green Chemistry for the synthesis of porous tin dioxide nanospheres has been described. The low-temperature (∼50 °C) synthesis of SnO₂ nanoparticles and their self-assembly into organized, uniform, and monodispersed porous nanospheres with high surface area is facilitated by controlling the concentration of glucose, which acts as a stabilizing as well as structure-directing agent. A systematic control on the stannate to glucose molar concentration ratio determines the exact conditions to obtain monodispersed nanospheres, preferentially over random aggregation. Detailed characterization of the structure, morphology, and chemical composition reveals that the synthesized material, 50 nm SnO₂ porous nanospheres possess BET surface area of about 160 m²/g. Each porous nanosphere consists of a few hundred nanoparticles ∼2-3 nm in diameter with tetragonal cassiterite crystal structure. The SnO₂ nanospheres exhibit elevated photocatalytic activity toward methyl orange with good recyclability. Because of the high activity and stability of this photocatalyst, the material is ideal for applications in environmental remediation. Moreover, SnO₂ nanospheres display excellent gas sensing capabilities toward hydrogen. Surface modification of the nanospheres with Pd transforms this sensing material into a highly sensitive and selective room-temperature hydrogen sensor.
Novel role of 26RFa, a hypothalamic RFamide orexigenic peptide, as putative regulator of the gonadotropic axis (2006)

The close link between reproductive function and body energy stores relies on a complex neuroendocrine network of common regulatory signals, the nature of which is yet to be fully elucidated. Recently, 26RFa was identified in amphibians and mammals as a conserved hypothalamic neuropeptide of the RFamide family, with a potent orexigenic activity. Yet, despite its proposed role as hypophysiotropic factor, the function of 26RFa in the control of pituitary gonadotropins and, hence, of the reproductive axis remains unexplored. In the present study, the effects of 26RFa on gonadotropin secretion were evaluated in the rat by a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. At the pituitary, 26RFa dose-dependently enhanced basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from male and cyclic female rats. This effect was mimicked by the active fragment 26RFa(20-26), as well as by the related 43RFa peptide. Moreover, expression of the genes encoding 26RFa and its putative receptor, GPR103, was demonstrated in rat pituitary throughout postnatal development. In vivo, intracerebral injection of 26RFa evoked a significant increase in serum LH levels in cyclic and ovariectomized females; this response which was also observed after central injection of 26RFa(20-26) and 43RFa peptides, as well as after systemic administration of 26RFa. Conversely, central and systemic injection of 26RFa failed to significantly modify gonadotropin secretion in adult male rats, even after repeated administration of the peptide. In summary, we present herein novel evidence for the potential role of the orexigenic peptide 26RFa in the control of the gonadotropic axis, thus suggesting its potential involvement in the joint control of energy balance and reproduction, especially in the female.
Evaluating the Fidelity of De Novo Short Read Metagenomic Assembly Using Simulated Data (2011)

A frequent step in metagenomic data analysis comprises the assembly of the sequenced reads. Many assembly tools have been published in the last years targeting data coming from next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies but these assemblers have not been designed for or tested in multi-genome scenarios that characterize metagenomic studies. Here we provide a critical assessment of current de novo short reads assembly tools in multi-genome scenarios using complex simulated metagenomic data. With this approach we tested the fidelity of different assemblers in metagenomic studies demonstrating that even under the simplest compositions the number of chimeric contigs involving different species is noticeable. We further showed that the assembly process reduces the accuracy of the functional classification of the metagenomic data and that these errors can be overcome raising the coverage of the studied metagenome. The results presented here highlight the particular difficulties that de novo genome assemblers face in multi-genome scenarios demonstrating that these difficulties, that often compromise the functional classification of the analyzed data, can be overcome with a high sequencing effort.
Data on Sex Determination in Cattle (1913)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Boron Diffusion in Nitrided-Oxide Gate Dielectrics Leading to High Suppression of Boron Penetration in P-MOSFETs (1998)

Nitrided-oxide gate dielectrics have been proposed to suppress boron penetration in deep submicron metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). However, few quantitative reports have been released on how nitrided oxides enlarge the permissible thermal budget. We evaluated the diffusivities of a nitrided oxide formed by annealing SiO 2 in NO gas and demonstrated that this film enables us to use BF 2 + for scaled devices. We also proposed a model depicting boron penetration through the nitrided-oxide layer.