gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ITEPE: A Source Tracing Algorithm for the Microblog (2014)

Finding the true source of a social network is a crucial component of social network information tracing. Using the new media microblog as an example, this paper provides a source tracing algorithm ITEPE (Initiators and Early Participants Extraction) to solve this problem. First, the cascade (session tree) is built according to the retweeting of a microblog, after which the cascade set (session forest) is clustered by topical relevance. Second, real initiators are identified through the user relationship network and information cascade network. The influence index and conformity index of every node is then iteratively calculated according to text sentiment analysis and information cascades and the early important participants are extracted. Finally, the real initiators and early participants are evaluated through an experiment.
Studies on Rat Liver Catalase (1973)

Journal Article Studies on Rat Liver Catalase: VI. Biosynthesis of Catalase by Free and Membrane-bound Polysomes Get access Terufumi SAKAMOTO, Terufumi SAKAMOTO Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa UniversityShinagawa-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tokuhiko HIGASHI Tokuhiko HIGASHI Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa UniversityShinagawa-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 73, Issue 5, May 1973, Pages 1083–1088, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130162 Published: 01 May 1973 Article history Received: 04 December 1972 Published: 01 May 1973
Treatment of renal cell carcinoma with bone metastasis (2002)

Objective To study the characteristics of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) with bone metastasis and to evaluate the effect of treatment. Methods 26 patients of RCC with bone metastasis underwent nephrectomy prior to systemic therapy were divided into three groups:(1)12 patients with a solitary bone metastasis were referred for curative surgical treatment.(2)surgery was performed in 8 patients with multiple bone metastasis.(3)5 patients received systemic therapy alone.Clinical data were analyzed and all patients were followed up for 45.8±11.7 months. Results The 1 year,3 year,5 year survival rate and the average survival period of first group was higher than the second and the third group.The survival time of the second and the third group was similar( P 0.05),whereas there was a significant difference for the first group ( P 0.05). Conclusions In RCC patients with bone metastasis,nephrectomy and immunotherapy have proved to be effective.Surgical procedure in situs for bone metastasis should be performed for some selective patients in order to improve the long term result.
Regional US carbon sinks from three-dimensional atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> sampling (2010)

Studies diverge substantially on the actual magnitude of the North American carbon budget. This is due to the lack of appropriate data and also stems from the difficulty to properly model all the details of the flux distribution and transport inside the region of interest. To sidestep these difficulties, we use here a simple budgeting approach to estimate land-atmosphere fluxes across North America by balancing the inflow and outflow of CO(2) from the troposphere. We base our study on the unique sampling strategy of atmospheric CO(2) vertical profiles over North America from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory aircraft network, from which we infer the three-dimensional CO(2) distribution over the continent. We find a moderate sink of 0.5 ± 0.4 PgC y(-1) for the period 2004-2006 for the coterminous United States, in good agreement with the forest-inventory-based estimate of the first North American State of the Carbon Cycle Report, and averaged climate conditions. We find that the highest uptake occurs in the Midwest and in the Southeast. This partitioning agrees with independent estimates of crop uptake in the Midwest, which proves to be a significant part of the US atmospheric sink, and of secondary forest regrowth in the Southeast. Provided that vertical profile measurements are continued, our study offers an independent means to link regional carbon uptake to climate drivers.
Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Activity in Mild Cognitive Impairment (2009)

Nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent cholinergic basal forebrain neurons degenerate during the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Elevated proNGF and reduced levels of the TrkA high-affinity NGF receptor occur in prodromal and advanced stages of AD. We recently described a protease cascade responsible for the conversion of proNGF to mature NGF (mNGF) in which matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) degrades mNGF in the extracellular space. To determine whether this proteolytic cascade is altered during the progression of AD, we examined human frontal and parietal cortex tissues from aged subjects with a clinical diagnosis of AD, mild cognitive impairment, or no cognitive impairment. The analysis demonstrated greater MMP-9 activity in both AD and mild cognitive impairment compared with no cognitive impairment brain samples (p < 0.01), which supports the notion that a metabolic failure in the NGF-maturation/degradation pathway may be associated with an exacerbated degradation of mNGF in the cerebral cortex in early AD. Moreover, there were inverse correlations between Global Cognitive Score and Mini-Mental State Examination score and MMP-9 activity. These findings suggest that a reduction in mNGF as a consequence of MMP-9-mediated degradation may in part underlie the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in mild cognitive impairment and AD.
Neuropharmacological Activity of Extracts from<i>Passiflora incarnata</i> (1988)

A fluid extract of Passiflora incarnata L. was studied for its neuropharmacological properties. This extract, orally and intraperitoneally administered to rats, raised the nociceptive threshold in the tail-flick and hot-plate tests, but not in the vocalization test. On intraperitoneal injection, the extract significantly prolonged sleeping time, protected animals from the convulsive effect of pentylenetetrazole, and affected locomotor activity. The fluid extract was partitioned by solvents and chromatography and at least two products, one lipophilic (A) and one hydrophilic (B), were found to be active. They could not be ascribed to either alkaloids or the flavonoid structures present in the extract.
A Cryptosporidium parvum genomic region encoding hemolytic activity (1995)

Successful parasitization by Cryptosporidium parvum requires multiple disruptions in both host and protozoan cell membranes as cryptosporidial sporozoites invade intestinal epithelial cells and subsequently develop into asexual and sexual life stages. To identify cryptosporidial proteins which may play a role in these membrane alterations, hemolytic activity was used as a marker to screen a C. parvum genomic expression library. A stable hemolytic clone (H4) containing a 5.5-kb cryptosporidial genomic fragment was identified. The hemolytic activity encoded on H4 was mapped to a 1-kb region that contained a complete 690-bp open reading frame (hemA) ending in a common stop codon. A 21-kDa plasmid-encoded recombinant protein was expressed in maxicells containing H4. Subclones of H4 which contained only a portion of hemA did not induce hemolysis on blood agar or promote expression of the recombinant protein in maxicells. Reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from excysted sporozoites and the intestines of infected adult mice with severe combined immunodeficiency demonstrated that hemA is actively transcribed during the cryptosporidial life cycle.
Effects of precursor powders and sintering processes on the superconducting properties of MgB<sub>2</sub> (2004)

Different precursor powders and procedures were used to fabricate MgB2 superconductor. It was found that the purity of the B powder had strong effects on the Tc and Jc of MgB2. The Jc of the sample made from 90% B powder decreased 40 times at 3 T and 20 K compared with the 99% B powder samples. The impurity phases might be the reason for the suppression of the Tc and the Jc. Variation of the Mg:B ratio also influenced the MgB2 properties. Jc decreased with fluctuations from the normal rate (Mg:B = 1:2). It was found that the effects of the oxidization of the Mg powder on Jc were not strong when the Mg powder was only slightly oxidized. However, when the Mg powder was severely oxidized, the Jc decreased significantly. A two-step sintering process was adopted to make MgB2. In this process, the first sintering stage was at a lower temperature. It was found that this pre-sintering did not have a good effect on the properties, despite the fact that the mass density was improved. The phase composition and microstructure were analysed to explain the different effects.
Indium channel implants for improved MOSFET behavior at the 100-nm channel length regime (1989)

The authors report on the use of indium as an alternative channel implant in MOSFETs. Indium has an atomic weight of 115, and the implant peak can be placed with tens of nanometers of the surface. The profile is skewed toward the bulk, resulting in a very low surface concentration. Deep-submicrometer-channel-length devices with oxide thickness of 2.5 nm were fabricated using X-ray lithography and indium channel implants from 100 keV to 300 keV, keeping the dose constant at 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/. Activation of the indium implant was achieved by rapid thermal annealing (5 s at 1050 degrees C). As expected, low indium implant energies result in high device threshold voltage (up to 0.33 V for L=0.15 mu m and up to 0.24 V for L=0.1 mu m). Turn-off characteristics were excellent (subthreshold slope=80 mV/dec for L=0.15 mu m and 100 mV/dec for L=0.1 mu m, at V/sub DS/=1 V). Low-field mobility for indium-doped channels was about 380 cm/sup 2//V-s (as compared to 420 for boron doped channels), and no degradation in mobility was observed as implant energy was reduced. A reduction in normalized substrate current is observed in indium-implanted channels for very short channel lengths.
Phage Display: Selecting Straws Instead of a Needle from a Haystack (2011)

An increasing number of peptides with specific binding affinity to various protein and even non-protein targets are being discovered from phage display libraries. The power of this method lies in its ability to efficiently and rapidly identify ligands with a desired target property from a large population of phage clones displaying diverse surface peptides. However, the search for the needle in the haystack does not always end successfully. False positive results may appear. Thus instead of specific binders phage with no actual affinity toward the target are recovered due to their propagation advantages or binding to other components of the screening system, such as the solid phase, capturing reagents, contaminants in the target sample or blocking agents, rather than the target. Biopanning experiments on different targets performed in our laboratory revealed some previously identified and many new target-unrelated peptide sequences, which have already been frequently described and published, but not yet recognized as target-unrelated. Distinguishing true binders from false positives is an important step toward phage display selections of greater integrity. This article thoroughly reviews and discusses already identified and new target-unrelated peptides and suggests strategies to avoid their isolation.
Injector-port Reactor for Kinetic Studies (1970)

Injector-port Reactor for Kinetic Studies Get access M. R. Muchhala, M. R. Muchhala Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. K. Sanyal, S. K. Sanyal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. W. Weller S. W. Weller Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 8, Issue 3, March 1970, Pages 127–128, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.3.127 Published: 01 March 1970 Article history Received: 23 June 1969 Published: 01 March 1970
Correction of breathing motion in the thorax for helical CT (2010)

This paper investigates a reconstruction method for helical computed tomography which compensates for the motion artifacts in the thorax caused by patient breathing. The method takes into account a motion vector field determined from a four-dimensional (4–0) uncompensated image data set. Surface models of the lung and the ribs are tracked through the 4–0 data set to create motion information within the entire thorax. Finally, an image is reconstructed using motion compensated back-projection. The results show that due to the use of shape models for the motion estimation, the method is fast and robust. Furthermore, since the surfaces are tracked individually, reconciling the opposite motion direction of the lung and rib cage is avoided in one motion vector field.
Differences in thyroid function studies in acutely manic adolescents with and without attention deficity hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (1996)

The purpose of this study was to compare basal thyroid indices in adolescent (ages 12 to 18) bipolar patients with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). On the basis of earlier studies, the authors hypothesized that bipolar patients with comorbid ADHD would have lower serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations and higher serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations compared with patients with bipolar disorder alone. Thirty adolescents who met DSM-III-R criteria for bipolar disorder and were hospitalized for the treatment of acute mania were assessed. Twenty patients (66%) had comorbid ADHD. The mean serum T4 concentration in this group was significantly lower than it was for patients with bipolar disorder alone. There were no significant differences between groups in serum T3 or TSH concentrations. Although, these data are preliminary and require further investigation, this may have important implications regarding the potential benefits of thyroid supplementation in adolescents with bipolar disorder and comorbid ADHD who do not respond to mood stabilizers alone.
Reduktion von 4-Pyridinonen (1984)

Reduction d'alkyl-1 1H-pyridones-4 en les derives dihydro-2,3 par action de Na ou Li/NH 3 ou du bis-(methoxy-2 ethoxy) tetrahydruroaluminate de Na
Structure, Microtubule Interactions, and Paired Helical Filament Aggregation by Tau Mutants of Frontotemporal Dementias (2000)

We have studied biochemical and structural parameters of several missense and deletion mutants of tau protein (G272V, N279K, DeltaK280, P301L, V337M, R406W) found in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). The mutant proteins were expressed on the basis of both full-length tau (htau40) and constructs derived from the repeat domain. They were analyzed with respect to the capacity to enhance microtubule assembly, binding of tau to microtubules, secondary structure content, and aggregation into Alzheimer-like paired helical or straight filaments. We find that the mutations cause a moderate decrease in microtubule interactions and stabilization, and they show no gross structural changes compared with the natively unfolded conformation of the wild-type protein, but the aggregation into PHFs is strongly enhanced, particularly for the mutants DeltaK280 and P301L. This gain of pathological aggregation would be consistent with the autosomal dominant nature of the disease.
Highly Air‐Stable Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐Thiophene‐Thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole‐Based Polymers for Light‐Emitting Diodes (2010)

Abstract A series of highly air‐stable, low‐bandgap poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s containing electron‐rich thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and electron‐deficient thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole rings were synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction. The polymers exhibited good thermal stability and solubility with excellent film forming properties when drop‐ or spin‐cast from solution. A strong absorption at 564–568 nm and a shoulder at 614–616 nm were observed. The optical bandgap of the polymers was found to be 1.82–1.85 eV. The IP of the polymers was found to be 5.62–5.65 eV. All polymers showed strong fluorescent emission both in solution and in the solid state. EL devices were fabricated using the polymers as an emissive layer and red emission was observed with the emission range of 649–679 nm. magnified image
Register relocation (1993)

Multithreading is an important technique that improves processor utilization by allowing computation to be overlapped with the long latency operations that commonly occur in multiprocessor systems. This paper presents register relocation, a new mechanism that efficiently supports flexible partitioning of the register file into variable-size contexts with minimal hardware support. Since the number of registers required by thread contexts varies, this flexibility permits a better utilization of scarce registers, allowing more contexts to be resident, which in turn allows applications to tolerate shorter run lengths and longer latencies. Our experiments show that compared to fixed-size hardware contexts, register relocation can improve processor utilization by a factor of two for many workloads.
A tissue culture model of cartilage breakdown in rheumatoid arthritis (1979)

The effects of hydrocortisone, indomethacin, and gold thiomalate on proteoglycan release were assessed in bovine nasal cartilage-rheumatoid synovium cocultures. Of the three agents, only hydrocortisone consistently inhibited both basal and synovium-stimulated cartilage breakdown. Hydrocortisone responsivity was a direct function of the degradative capacity of synovial specimens, and this was equally well demonstrated both in patients receiving long-term therapy and those given perioperative glucocorticoid therapy. The data are consistent with significant hydrocortisone inhibition of lysosomal enzyme-mediated degradation of cartilage.
Linearized secondary-electron cascades from the surfaces of metals. II. Surface and subsurface sources (1977)

Segmentation of the linearized cascade from a metallic surface was shown in Paper I to be initiated by internal sources. Here the nature of the line shape accompanying the segmentation is related to a distinction between internal sources according to surface and subsurface distributions of their constituents. These sources are assumed to be activated during the decay processes that accompany excitation of bound electrons by passing primary electrons and derive from atomic constituents having distinguishable spatial distributions. The distributions correspond to a surface source if they exist within an inelastic mean free path ${l}_{i}(E)$ of the vacuum-solid interface, and are subsurface sources if they exist below this level in the solid. Composite distributions are considered also. Characteristic spectra in the $\frac{logj(E)}{log(E)}$ display mode are shown for nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and sulfur serving as internal sources in nickel and aluminum.
A standardized protocol to reduce cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: The Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network Quality Improvement Initiative (2011)

The standardized protocol for shunt surgery significantly reduced shunt infection across the HCRN. Overall protocol compliance was good. The protocol has established a common baseline within the Network, which will facilitate assessment of new treatments. Identification of factors associated with infection will allow further protocol refinement in the future.
The antioxidant 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butylphenol moiety attenuates the pro-oxidant properties of the auranofin analogue (2018)

Metal-based drugs are gaining momentum as a rapidly developing area of medicinal inorganic chemistry. Among gold pharmaceuticals, auranofin is a well known antirheumatic drug. The efficacy of gold-organic complexes largely depends on their pro-oxidant properties since auranofin targets the redox enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). However, an uncontrollable oxygen burst may be harmful for healthy cells; therefore, the search for chemical modifications to attenuate oxidation-related general toxicity of gold containing anti-inflammatory drugs is justified. In this study, we demonstrate that the incorporation of a specific antioxidant phenol fragment can counterbalance the pro-oxidative potential of the Au containing complex molecule. The electrochemical studies of AuPPh<sub>3</sub>SR (1, R= 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) and its precursors AuPPh<sub>3</sub>Cl (2) and RSH (3) showed that complex 1 and phenol 3 efficiently scavenged the radicals (as detected by cyclic voltammetry) whereas 2 had no effect. Compound 1 inhibited TrxR in vitro with IC<sub>50</sub> 0.57 ± 0.15 μM, a value one order of magnitude bigger than the potency reported for auranofin. Compound 1 (5 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> daily gavage for 14 days) caused a decrease in ex vivo spontaneous and ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in the homogenates of rat lung, heart muscle, spleen, liver, kidneys, testicles and brain as assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Importantly, in animals fed with 1, no discernible general toxicity was registered suggesting that this compound is well tolerated. Our results provide evidence for an efficient synthetic route to obtain gold containing anti-inflammatory drug candidates with balanced pro/anti-oxidative properties.
Simvastatin-Mediated Upregulation of VEGF and BDNF, Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway, and Increase of Neurogenesis Are Associated with Therapeutic Improvement after Traumatic Brain Injury (2008)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent, on the Akt-mediated signaling pathway and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) sham group (n = 8); (2) saline control group (n = 40); and (3) simvastatin-treated group (n = 40). Controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury was performed over the left parietal lobe. Simvastatin was administered orally at a dose of 1 mg/kg starting at day 1 after TBI and then daily for 14 days. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally into rats. A modified Morris Water Maze (WM) task was performed between 31 and 35 days after treatment to test spatial memory (n = 8/group). Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 35 days after treatment (n = 8/group/time point). Western blot was utilized to investigate the changes in the Akt-mediated signaling pathway. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses were employed to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) expression. Immunohistochemical and fluorescent staining were performed to detect the BrdU- and neuronal nuclei (NeuN)/BrdU-positive cells. Our data show that simvastatin treatment increases phosphorylation of v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), and cAMP response element-binding proteins (CREB); elevates the expression of BDNF and VEGF in the DG; increases cell proliferation and differentiation in the DG; and enhances the recovery of spatial learning. These data suggest that the neurorestorative effect of simvastatin may be mediated through activation of the Akt-mediated signaling pathway, subsequently upregulating expression of growth factors and inducing neurogenesis in the DG of the hippocampus, thereby leading to restoration of cognitive function after TBI in rats.