gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Battery/Supercapacitors Combination in Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) (2012)

This study presents a study of the reduction in battery stresses by using supercapacitors (SCs) in a 500-kVA rated UPS. We aim at investigating the optimal supercapacitors-battery combination versus the SCs cost. This investigation is threefold; first, supercapacitors and battery models developed using MATLAB/Simulink are presented and validated. Second, the architecture and the simulation of the designed system that combines the SCs and the battery are shown. The supercapacitors are used as high-power storage devices to smooth the peak power applied to the battery during backup time and to deliver full power during short grid outages. By charging the SCs through the battery at a suitable rate, all impulse power demands would be satisfied by the supercapacitors. Third, extensive simulations are carried out to determine the gain in battery RMS current, the gain in energy losses, the energy efficiency and the elimination rate of surge load power. These four performance parameters are determined by simulation and then analyzed. The influence of the SCs recharge on the performance indicators is highlighted. A thorough analysis involving optimal study proposes to draw the optimal SCs number and filter constant from the variation of the aforementioned parameters versus the cost of the SCs.
Efficient Matching of Events in Distributed Middleware Systems (2004)

Abstract: Increasingly interactions which entities have with each other are network bound. The entities, with which applications andservices need to interact, span a wide spectrum that includes desktops, PDAs, appliances, and other networked resources. These events encapsulate information pertaining to transactions, data interchange, system conditions and finally the search, discoveryand subsequent sharing of resources. Events have internal or external (system computed) destinations associated with them. In the case of search, discovery and publish/subscribe interactions the system has to efficiently calculate destinations from the corresponding events. This computing of destinations is referred to as matching and is, in itself, a distributed process, which operates on the distributed management of client interests (advertisements and subscriptions). The distributed nature of the underlying messaging infrastructure also mandates an efficient routing engine. Inefficient approaches to either the calculation of, or routing to, destinations can result in unacceptable network degradations. In this paper we explore matching, routing and network utilization issues in the context of NaradaBrokering, which provides support for centralized, distributed and P2P interactions. We also discuss the implications, and include results, pertaining to the different matching engines supported within the NaradaBrokering system.
Comparison of time‐gated surface‐enhanced raman spectroscopy (TG‐SERS) and classical SERS based monitoring of <i>Escherichia coli</i> cultivation samples (2018)

The application of Raman spectroscopy as a monitoring technique for bioprocesses is severely limited by a large background signal originating from fluorescing compounds in the culture media. Here, we compare time-gated Raman (TG-Raman)-, continuous wave NIR-process Raman (NIR-Raman), and continuous wave micro-Raman (micro-Raman) approaches in combination with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for their potential to overcome this limit. For that purpose, we monitored metabolite concentrations of Escherichia coli bioreactor cultivations in cell-free supernatant samples. We investigated concentration transients of glucose, acetate, AMP, and cAMP at alternating substrate availability, from deficiency to excess. Raman and SERS signals were compared to off-line metabolite analysis of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and nucleotides. Results demonstrate that SERS, in almost all cases, led to a higher number of identifiable signals and better resolved spectra. Spectra derived from the TG-Raman were comparable to those of micro-Raman resulting in well-discernable Raman peaks, which allowed for the identification of a higher number of compounds. In contrast, NIR-Raman provided a superior performance for the quantitative evaluation of analytes, both with and without SERS nanoparticles when using multivariate data analysis. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1533-1542, 2018.
Axiomatizing software test data adequacy (1986)

A test data adequacy criterion is a set of rules used to determine whether or not sufficient testing has been performed. A general axiomatic theory of test data adequacy is developed, and five previously proposed adequacy criteria are examined to see which of the axioms are satisfied. It is shown that the axioms are consistent, but that only two of the criteria satisfy all of the axioms.
Hsp20, a novel α‐crystallin, prevents Aβ fibril formation and toxicity (2005)

Beta-amyloid (Abeta) is a major protein component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, and is neurotoxic when aggregated. The size of aggregated Abeta responsible for the observed neurotoxicity and the mechanism of aggregation are still under investigation; however, prevention of Abeta aggregation still holds promise as a means to reduce Abeta neurotoxicity. In research presented here, we show that Hsp20, a novel alpha-crystallin isolated from the bovine erythrocyte parasite Babesia bovis, was able to prevent aggregation of denatured alcohol dehydrogenase when the two proteins are present at near equimolar levels. We then examined the ability of Hsp20 produced as two different fusion proteins to prevent Abeta amyloid formation as indicated by Congo Red binding; we found that not only was Hsp20 able to dramatically reduce Congo Red binding, but it was able to do so at molar ratios of Hsp20 to Abeta of 1 to 1000. Electron microscopy confirmed that Hsp20 does prevent Abeta fibril formation. Hsp20 was also able to significantly reduce Abeta toxicity to both SH-SY5Y and PC12 neuronal cells at similar molar ratios. At high concentrations of Hsp20, the protein no longer displays its aggregation inhibition and toxicity attenuation properties. Size exclusion chromatography indicated that Hsp20 was active at low concentrations in which dimer was present. Loss of activity at high concentrations was associated with the presence of higher oligomers of Hsp20. This work could contribute to the development of a novel aggregation inhibitor for prevention of Abeta toxicity.
Defining and Comparing the Reading Comprehension Construct: A Cognitive-Psychometric Modeling Approach (2011)

As a construct definition, the current study develops a cognitive model describing the knowledge, skills, and abilities measured by critical reading test items on a high-stakes assessment used for selection decisions in the United States. Additionally, in order to establish generalizability of the construct meaning to other similarly structured tests designed for international populations and distinct uses, the skills invoked during a reading comprehension test for English learners from a previous study are contrasted to those in the present study. The results obtained using rule-space methodology suggest that the most difficult skills on reading comprehension items pertain to complex cognitive processes (e.g., understanding implicit ideas), while skills tapping into basic cognitive processes (e.g., word meaning) are mastered with ease by both populations. However, variations across tests in the impact of various cognitive skills on test scores suggest that the differences in construct meaning be considered when interpreting and comparing test scores. Cognitive-psychometric modeling approaches such as those applied in this study prove to be useful in substantively examining score interpretation and construct generalizability.
Transceiver In-Flight Checkout System (1987)

An in-flight check-out and monitoring approach for an optical communication transceiver terminal on-board a communication satellite will be described. Primarily an inter-pretation of available payload input parameter characteristics will be used, which has no detrimental effect on payload's basic function and which requires only a minimum of additional diagnostic hardware. A method to check out the optical payload pointing, acquisition and tracking function without a counter terminal will be described and means to monitor laser output power at telescope level will be outlined.
Suppression of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in ex‐vivo human lung tissues by targeting class III phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (2020)

The novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 and caused the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic due to its high transmissibility and early immunosuppression. Previous studies on other betacoronaviruses suggested that betacoronavirus infection is associated with the host autophagy pathway. However, it is unclear whether any components of autophagy or virophagy can be therapeutic targets for COVID-19 treatment. In this report, we examined the antiviral effect of four well-characterized small molecule inhibitors that target the key cellular factors involved in key steps of the autophagy pathway. They include small molecules targeting the ULK1/Atg1 complex involved in the induction stage of autophagy (ULK1 inhibitor SBI0206965), the ATG14/Beclin1/VPS34 complex involved in the nucleation step of autophagy (class III PI3-kinase inhibitor VPS34-IN1), and a widely-used autophagy inhibitor that persistently inhibits class I and temporary inhibits class III PI3-kinase (3-MA) and a clinically approved autophagy inhibitor that suppresses autophagy by inhibiting lysosomal acidification and prevents the formation of autophagolysosome (HCQ). Surprisingly, not all the tested autophagy inhibitors suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We showed that inhibition of class III PI3-kinase involved in the initiation step of both canonical and noncanonical autophagy potently suppressed SARS-CoV-2 at a nano-molar level. In addition, this specific kinase inhibitor VPS34-IN1, and its bioavailable analogue VVPS34-IN1, potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in ex vivo human lung tissues. Taken together, class III PI3-kinase may be a possible target for COVID-19 therapeutic development.
Genome-wide association and functional studies identify the <i>DOT1L</i> gene to be involved in cartilage thickness and hip osteoarthritis (2012)

Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is one of the most disabling and common joint disorders with a large genetic component that is, however, still ill-defined. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in osteoarthritis (OA) and specifically in HOA have yielded only few loci, which is partly explained by heterogeneity in the OA definition. Therefore, we here focused on radiographically measured joint-space width (JSW), a proxy for cartilage thickness and an important underlying intermediate trait for HOA. In a GWAS of 6,523 individuals on hip-JSW, we identified the G allele of rs12982744 on chromosome 19p13.3 to be associated with a 5% larger JSW (P = 4.8 × 10(-10)). The association was replicated in 4,442 individuals from three United Kingdom cohorts with an overall meta-analysis P value of 1.1 × 10(-11). The SNP was also strongly associated with a 12% reduced risk for HOA (P = 1 × 10(-4)). The SNP is located in the DOT1L gene, which is an evolutionarily conserved histone methyltransferase, recently identified as a potentially dedicated enzyme for Wnt target-gene activation in leukemia. Immunohistochemical staining of the DOT1L protein in mouse limbs supports a role for DOT1L in chondrogenic differentiation and adult articular cartilage. DOT1L is also expressed in OA articular chondrocytes. Silencing of Dot1l inhibited chondrogenesis in vitro. Dot1l knockdown reduces proteoglycan and collagen content, and mineralization during chondrogenesis. In the ATDC5 chondrogenesis model system, DOT1L interacts with TCF and Wnt signaling. These data are a further step to better understand the role of Wnt-signaling during chondrogenesis and cartilage homeostasis. DOT1L may represent a therapeutic target for OA.
Representing and Reasoning with the Internet of Things: a Modular Rule-Based Model for Ensembles of Context-Aware Smart Things (2016)

Context-aware smart things are capable of computational behaviour based on sensing the physical world, inferring context from the sensed data, and acting on the sensed context. A collection of such things can form what we call a thing-ensemble, when they have the ability to communicate with one anot
Additive Manufacturing of Nerve Guidance Conduits for Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Nerves (2020)

As a common and frequent clinical disease, peripheral nerve defect has caused a serious social burden, which is characterized by poor curative effect, long course of treatment and high cost. Nerve autografting is first-line treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) but can result in loss of function of the donor site, neuroma formation, and prolonged operative time. Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) serves as the most promising alternative to autologous transplantation, but its production process is complicated and it is difficult to effectively combine growth factors and bioactive substances. In recent years, additive manufacturing of NGCs has effectively solved the above problems due to its simple and efficient manufacturing method, and it can be used as the carrier of bioactive substances. This review examines recent advances in additive manufacture of NGCs for PNIs as well as insight into how these approaches could be improved in future studies.
Exuberant thalamocortical axon arborization in cortex-specific NMDAR1 knockout mice (2005)

Development of whisker-specific neural patterns in the rodent somatosensory system requires NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated activity. In cortex-specific NR1 knockout (CxNR1KO) mice, while thalamocortical afferents (TCAs) develop rudimentary whisker-specific patterns in the primary somatosensory (barrel) cortex, layer IV cells do not develop barrels or orient their dendrites towards TCAs. To determine the role of postsynaptic NMDARs in presynaptic afferent development and patterning in the barrel cortex, we examined the single TCA arbors in CxNR1KO mice between postnatal days (P) 1-7. Sparsely branched TCAs invade the cortical plate on P1 in CxNR1KO mice as in control mice. In control animals, TCAs progressively elaborate patchy terminals, mostly restricted to layer IV. In CxNR1KO mice, TCAs develop far more extensive arbors between P3-7. Their lateral extent is twice that of controls from P3 onwards. By P7, CxNR1KO TCAs have significantly fewer branch points and terminal endings in layers IV and VI but more in layers II/III and V than control mouse TCAs. Within expansive terminal arbors, CxNR1KO TCAs develop focal terminal densities in layer IV, corresponding to the rudimentary whisker-specific patches. Given that thalamic NMDARs are spared in CxNR1KO mice, the present results show that postsynaptic NMDARs play an important role in refinement of presynaptic afferent arbors and whisker-specific patterning in the developing barrel cortex.
A microphone array for car environments (1992)

The authors describe a microphone array for speech recording in car environments. The array is designed for hands-free radiotelephone, and is also used as a front-end for an automatic speech recognition system. The configuration of the array and the adaptive beamforming technique implemented are described and the performance of the array are evaluated. The measure of performance is the score obtained with a speech recognition system. Within the European ESPRIT project ARS (adverse environment recognition of speech), a prototype of this microphone array was built. It has eight microphones and works in real time, using one TMS C30 processor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acid Gas Removal Characteristics of Corona Discharge Methane Radical Shower-Catalyst Hybrid System for Treatment of Jet Engine Test Cell Flue Gas (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Acid gas removal experiments are carried out in a large bench scale corona radical shower reactor-catalyst hybrid system. A simulated stationary jet engine test cell flue gas is air mixed with NO, SO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>. NO, NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were measured by a Green Line gas analyzer and the trace by-products are determined by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The aerosol particles generated by the acid gases and methane related plasma processes were collected by the electrostatic precipitator operated at !19 kV dc downstream of the reactor. The size of the reactor is (10×30×100 cm) and four pipe with nozzle type radical injectors are placed in series. The corona radical shower electrode used was a 6 mm o.d. tube equipped with 28 hollow electrodes (1.2 mm i.d./1.5 mm o.d.). Additional gas consisting of an air-CH<sub>4</sub> mixture was injected from these hollow electrodes to the reactor via the corona discharge generated by a positive dc high voltage at the edge of the hollow electrodes. Catalyst is placed 20 cm downstream of corona shower reactor and may be electrically heated by heating tapes. The results show that both the removal efficiencies of NO and SO<sub>2</sub> increase with increasing applied voltage. It is also shown that high concentrations of hydrocarbon in flue gas have a negative effect on NO removal, where part of the NO is converted only to NO<sub>2</sub> but not to ammonium nitrate aerosol particles or reductions to N<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O. The effect of catalytic reactions is significant with CH<sub>4</sub> injections without catalyst heating for NO<sub>x</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> removals. However, SO<sub>2</sub> removal efficiently is degraded by catalyst heating.</div>
Moving cryogenic modulator for the comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) of surface water contaminants (2001)

Abstract The modulation system in a comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatograph (GC×GC) can be regarded to be the heart of the analyzer. Different ways of modulating the effluent of the first column into very narrow pulses and injecting these onto the fast second column have been demonstrated. Modulation can be established by applying heat, as in the first existing types of modulators, the two‐stage heated modulator and the Sweeper system. It can also be performed by applying cooling, as was demonstrated in the “longitudinally modulated cryogenic system.” Cryogenic systems have mechanical and applicational advantages over heated systems, as they are easier to install and maintain and do not need positive temperature differences to remobilize the analytes. A homemade moving cryogenic modulator was evaluated for use in a GC×GC system for the separation of (very) polar and nonpolar surface water contaminants. The results demonstrate that the performance of this less complex modulator is very comparable to the earlier reported types of modulators. It is further demonstrated that GC×GC is a very suitable technique to fully separate complex mixtures, such as surface water contaminants. The obtained separation appeared to be complete and peak identification was facilitated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 134–140, 2001
Inhibition of malaria parasite development in mosquitoes by anti-mosquito-midgut antibodies (1994)

The mosquito midgut plays a central role in the development and subsequent transmission of malaria parasites. Using a rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei, and the mosquito vector Anopheles stephensi, we investigated the effect of anti-mosquito-midgut antibodies on the development of malaria parasites in the mosquito. In agreement with previous studies, we found that mosquitoes that ingested antimidgut antibodies along with infectious parasites had significantly fewer oocysts than mosquitoes in the control group. We also found that the antimidgut antibodies inhibit the development and/or translocation of the sporozoites. Together, these observations open an avenue for research toward the development of a vector-based malaria parasite transmission-blocking vaccine.
On the Basicity of Organic Bases in Different Media (2019)

The basicities of simple organic bases – aliphatic and aromatic amines, amidines, phosphazenes, as well as saturated and unsaturated nitrogen heterocycles – are examined in acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, water and the gas phase. The basicities (p K aH values) of conjugate acids of a large variety of bases in these media are presented and discussed. Equations employing easily usable structural descriptors have been derived for approximately converting basicities from acetonitrile to other solvents. Recommendations are given on their practical use and a number of p K aH values that are experimentally unavailable are estimated from these relationships. An important part of the minireview is a large compilation of p K aH and GB values of the compounds in solvents and the gas phase, respectively, as well as the revised basicity scale in acetonitrile, now containing more than 270 p K aH values.
Wideband planar arrays with variable element sizes (2003)

The authors introduce new architectures that permit the operation of antenna arrays over several octaves. The concept is based on adding elements in between and of half the size of other elements in order to extend one octave in frequency. This wideband array with variable element size (WAVES) antennas was demonstrated by calculations and by measurements using Archimedian spirals as elements to maintain a simple clean main beam and principal plane sidelobes below about -10 dB over two octaves. Further measurements were performed on the test array in the lower frequency octave with all eight elements connected. Proper operation here relies on the fact that elements operating below their intended operating frequency have a high input impedance and would effectively not be active.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Waterslides and Landmines in Computer-Based Education (1991)

No abstract available for this article.
High Hopes and Dilemmas for a Cervical Cancer Vaccine (2005)

As two vaccines against a sexually transmitted virus approach the market, public health experts are debating who should receive them—women, boys, or girls—and how to make them affordable in developing countries where the need is highest
Reliability-Based Design Optimization Using Response Surface Method With Prediction Interval Estimation (2008)

Since variances in the input variables of the engineering system cause subsequent variances in the product output performance, reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is getting much attention recently. However, RBDO requires expensive computational time. Therefore, the response surface method is often used for computational efficiency in solving RBDO problems. A method to estimate the effect of the response surface error on the RBDO result is developed in this paper. The effect of the error is expressed in terms of the prediction interval, which is utilized as the error metric for the response surface used for RBDO. The prediction interval provides upper and lower bounds for the confidence level that the design engineer specified. Using the prediction interval of the response surface, the upper and lower limits of the reliability are computed. The lower limit of reliability is compared with the target reliability to obtain a conservative optimum design and thus safeguard against the inaccuracy of the response surface. On the other hand, in order to avoid obtaining a design that is too conservative, the developed method also constrains the upper limit of the reliability in the design optimization process. The proposed procedure is combined with an adaptive sampling strategy to refine the response surface. Numerical examples show the usefulness and the efficiency of the proposed method.