gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Magnetic Susceptibility of Potassium Ferrate (1950)

A method of preparation of potassium ferrate of 97 percent purity is described. Although the product contained an inseparable ferromagnetic impurity, the susceptibility of the ferrate was determined by extrapolation to infinite field strength of data obtained by the Gouy method. The observed effective magnetic moment of the ferrate ion agrees approximately with that expected for hexavalent iron.
Improvement of unipolar power device performance using a polarization junction (2006)

A concept, polarization junction (PJ), for overcoming the trade-off relationship between the area-specific on-resistance and the breakdown voltage of unipolar power devices is presented. The PJ concept is based on the charge compensation of positive and negative polarization charges at heterointerfaces. The PJ has a similar effect as superjunction without impurity doping. The performance of GaN-based conventional devices and PJ devices have been compared using numerical device simulations. Area-specific on-resistance of PJ devices became less than 1∕10 than that of conventional devices for the breakdown voltage higher than 300V.
The Limits of Motion Prediction Support for Ad hoc Wireless Network Performance (2005)

A fundamental understanding of gain provided by motion prediction in wireless ad hoc routing is currently lacking. This paper examines benefits in routing obtainable via prediction. A theoretical best-case non-predictive routing model is quantified in terms of both message overhead and update time for non-predictive routing. This best- case model of existing routing performance is compared with predictive routing. Several specific instances of predictive improvements in routing are examined. The primary contribution of this paper is quantification of predictive gain for wireless ad hoc routing.
Alginate-Chitosan Particulate System for Sustained Release of Nimodipine (2009)

Purpose: The aim of this work was to prepare nimodipine-loaded alginate-chitosan beads for sustained drug release.Methods: Nimodipine-loaded alginate-chitosan beads were prepared by ionic gelation method using various combinations of chitosan and Ca2+ as cations and alginate as anion. The swelling ability and invitro drug release characteristics of the beads were studied at pH 1.2 and 6.8. Infra-red (IR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were also applied to investigate thephysicochemical characteristics of the drug in bead formulations.Results: The surface morphology, size, and drug loading of the beads varied with increase in the concentration of chitosan and calcium chloride in the gelation medium. The swelling ability of the beadsin different pH media was dependent on the presence of a polyelectrolyte complex in the beads and the pH of the media. Both calcium alginate beads and the beads treated with chitosan failed to release thedrug at pH 1.2 over the period of study. On the other hand, at pH 6.8, calcium alginate beads released approx. 96 % of drug in 6 h, but treatment of the beads with chitosan lowered drug release to 73 %.Drug release mechanism was either “anomalous transport” or “case-II transport”. Data from characterisation studies indicate that there was no significant change in the physical state of the drug inthe bead formulations
No difference found in ribosomal DNA sequences from physiologically diverse clones of Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) from the Gulf of Mexico (2002)

Maximum growth rate and toxin content were significantly different among five strains of Karenia brevis isolated from Texas and Florida when grown under identical culture conditions. Sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions revealed, however, that all five strains were identical. Consequently, a clear genetic basis for physiological variability among various geographical isolates of K. brevis from the Gulf of Mexico could not be assessed using these genetic markers. Both the ITS and 18S rRNA regions may be useful in species-specific probe selection. At the intra-specific level, however, an alternative marker will be needed to assess the diversity among K. brevis populations in the Gulf of Mexico.
Implantation of sacral anterior roots stimulator: Experience and implications for the anesthetic management (2012)

Neurogenic bladder predispose to patients with spinal cord injuria to reflex incontinence, urinary tract infections, autonomic dysreflexia and renal failure, which is one of the key causes of mortality. Neuromodulation of the anterior sacral roots is a treatment for bladder dysfunction. The anesthesiology publications about this procedure are very rarely. To describe the hemodynamic behavior and the adverse events during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative period of patients undergoing implantation of the sacral anterior roots stimulator. Retrospective, descriptive study of series of cases of patients with chronic spinal cord trauma implanted with the anterior sacral roots stimulator. Out of 50 patients studied, 34% had an upper chest injury, 58% had a spinal injury secondary to a fire weapon bullet, 40% had a history of autonomic dysreflexia, 98% were had arterial line monitoring, 90% of the patients were hypotensive and 86% required vasopressors; 34% experienced bradycardia and 88% required atropine management. Hypotension and bradycardia are the major adverse events in the management of these patients, but they exhibit adequate response to medical treatment. Studies are needed to assess the association between the level of the injury versus the presence of bradycardia and hypotension and the ideal monitoring during the procedure. La vejiga neurogénica predispone a los pacientes con traumatismo raquimedular a incontinencia refleja, infecciones del tracto urinario, disreflexia autonómica y fallo renal, el cual es una de las principales causas de mortalidad. La neuromodulación de las raíces sacras anteriores es un tratamiento de la disfunción vesical. Es raro encontrar publicaciones en anestesiología sobre este procedimiento. Describir el comportamiento hemodinámico y los efectos adversos durante el intraoperatorio y post-operatorio inmediato en los pacientes que han recibido implantación de estimulador de raíces sacras anteriores. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes con trauma- tismo raquimedular crónico que han recibido implantación de estimulador de raíces sacras anteriores. De 50 pacientes estudiados, el 34% tenían lesión torácica alta, un 58% tenía lesión espinal secundaria a herida por proyectil de arma de fuego, el 40% con antecedente de disreflexia autonómica, el 98% empleo de monitoría con línea arterial, el 90% de los pacientes presentó hipotensión y el 86% requirió manejo vasopresor, el 34% presentó bradicardia y el 88% requirió manejo con atropina. La hipotensión y la bradicardia son los principales efectos adversos durante el manejo de estos pacientes pero con adecuada respuesta al tratamiento médico. Se deben realizar estudios que evalúen la asociación entre nivel de la lesión con bradicardia e hipotensión y la monitorización ideal durante este procedimiento.
Decreased tolbutamide-stimulated insulin secretion in healthy subjects with sequence variants in the high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor gene. (1998)

The high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) is, as a subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, an important regulator of insulin secretion in the pancreatic beta-cell. The aim of this study was to examine if genetic variability of the SUR1 gene was associated with NIDDM or altered pancreatic beta-cell function. Mutational analysis of all the 39 SUR1 exons, including intron-exon boundaries, in 63 NIDDM patients revealed two missense variants, five silent variants in the coding region, and four intron variants. The two missense variants (Asp673Asn and Ser1369Ala) and two sequence variants (ACC-->ACT, Thr759Thr and a c-->t intron variant in position -3 of the exon 16 splice acceptor site) were examined for association with NIDDM and for a possible influence on insulin and C-peptide secretion after intravenous glucose and tolbutamide loads in a random sample of unrelated, healthy, young Danish Caucasians. The Asp673Asn variant in exon 14 was only identified in one NIDDM patient, and the allelic frequency of the Ser1369Ala was similar among 247 control subjects (0.38 [95% CI 0.34-0.42]) and 406 NIDDM patients (0.40 [0.37-0.43]). The allelic frequency of the silent exon 18 Thr775Thr variant was 0.051 (0.035-0.067) in NIDDM patients (n=392) and 0.027 (0.013-0.041) in control subjects (n=246; chi2=4.99, P=0.03). The allelic frequency of the intron variant was similar among NIDDM patients (0.45 [0.42-0.48]) and control subjects (0.44 [0.40-0.48]). Of 386 NIDDM patients, 17 had the combined genotype exon 18 C/T and intron -3c/-3t (0.044 [0.024-0.064]), whereas 3 of 243 control subjects had the same combined genotype (0.012 [0-0.026]; chi2=4.87, P=0.03; odds ratio: 3.69 [1.07-12.71]). Of 380 unrelated, healthy, young Danish Caucasians, 10 (0.026 [0.010-0.042]) had the combined at-risk genotype. These subjects had, on average, a 50% reduction in serum C-peptide and a 40% reduction in serum insulin responses upon tolbutamide injection (P=0.002 and P=0.05, respectively) but normal serum C-peptide and insulin responses upon glucose injection. In conclusion, a silent polymorphism in exon 18 of the SUR1 gene is associated with NIDDM in a Danish Caucasian population. In combination with an intron variant, the association is higher, and young, healthy carriers of the intragenic combination have reduced serum C-peptide and insulin responses to a tolbutamide load.
A Fast-Response Total temperature Probe For Unsteady compressible Flows (1998)

A fast-response probe for the measurement of total temperature in unsteady or fluctuating compressible flows is discussed. The operation of the device is based on the measurement of transient heat flux at different probe operating temperatures. The heat flux gauges used in the present investigation were thin film platinum resistance thermometers painted onto the stagnation region of hemispherical fused quartz probes. The quartz probes had a diameter of approximately 3 mm. Uncertainty estimates indicate that temperature measurements with an accuracy of better than ±3 K are possible. As a demonstration of the accuracy and utility of the device, total temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient measurements were obtained in a number of supersonic nozzle tests and in a compressible turbulent jet experiment.
A 22 mW Bluetooth RF transceiver with direct RF modulation and on-chip IF filtering (2002)

A +2 dBm Bluetooth transceiver in 0.5 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS consumes 22 mW at 2 V. The transmitter uses a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ synthesizer and on-chip VCO to directly modulate the carrier and settles to 30 ppm within 180 /spl mu/s. The single low-IF I/O receiver uses a 7th-order complex IF filter with tuning, distributed AGC and digital PLL demodulation.
Low-delay speech coding with adaptive interframe pitch tracking (2002)

The authors present an improved version of a previous 8-kb/s low-delay VXC (vector excitation coding) algorithm, which has been enhanced to maintain high-quality results under clean conditions while adding robustness to channel errors. Periodic resetting of the pitch predictor makes the coder more robust to channel errors but sacrifices some of the advantages of interframe coding in clean channels. A novel adaptive mean-removed pitch tracking scheme was introduced that provides robustness to bit errors while avoiding significant quality degradation under error-free conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Constructing RNA dynamical ensembles by combining MD and motionally decoupled NMR RDCs: new insights into RNA dynamics and adaptive ligand recognition (2009)

We describe a strategy for constructing atomic resolution dynamical ensembles of RNA molecules, spanning up to millisecond timescales, that combines molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with NMR residual dipolar couplings (RDC) measured in elongated RNA. The ensembles are generated via a Monte Carlo procedure by selecting snap-shot from an MD trajectory that reproduce experimentally measured RDCs. Using this approach, we construct ensembles for two variants of the transactivation response element (TAR) containing three (HIV-1) and two (HIV-2) nucleotide bulges. The HIV-1 TAR ensemble reveals significant mobility in bulge residues C24 and U25 and to a lesser extent U23 and neighboring helical residue A22 that give rise to large amplitude spatially correlated twisting and bending helical motions. Omission of bulge residue C24 in HIV-2 TAR leads to a significant reduction in both the local mobility in and around the bulge and amplitude of inter-helical bending motions. In contrast, twisting motions of the helices remain comparable in amplitude to HIV-1 TAR and spatial correlations between them increase significantly. Comparison of the HIV-1 TAR dynamical ensemble and ligand bound TAR conformations reveals that several features of the binding pocket and global conformation are dynamically preformed, providing support for adaptive recognition via a 'conformational selection' type mechanism.
UV-Initiated Bubble-Free Frontal Polymerization in Aqueous Conditions (2015)

From an industrial point of view the most interesting method of bulk curing of acrylate-based monomers is a thermal frontal reaction initiated by the application of UV-light. In water-based systems, UV triggering of bubble-free thermal front reactions is difficult to realize as solvent boiling and decomposition of the thermal initiator lead to uncontrollable heat loss, porous polymer samples, and expansion of the formulation. Especially bubble formation in the light-exposed area causes diffuse light scattering and as a result nonreproducible investigation of the UV initiation. Within this work a new thermal initiator has been synthesized, allowing us to report a bubble-free steady-state thermal front reaction in water. The new system allowed us to achieve a well-observable front reaction and provided the basis for an accurate and reproducible, systematic analysis of UV initiation in water-based frontal polymerizations, considering the ratios of all reactive components.
Design, characterisation and fabrication of a broadband polarisation‐insensitive multi‐layer circuit analogue absorber (2016)

A broadband polarisation‐independent circuit analogue absorber comprising multi‐layer resistive frequency selective surfaces (FSS) has been presented in this study. The proposed structure consists of a periodic arrangement of square loops loaded with lumped resistors and these square loops are printed on dielectric substrates separated by an air spacer. The simulated result shows the reflectivity below −10 dB in the frequency range from 4.96 to 18.22 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 114.40%) under normal incidence, covering C, X, and Ku bands. An equivalent circuit analysis has been introduced to characterise the proposed absorber, which shows good matching with the full‐wave analysis. The effects of the individual FSS layers and the air spacer have been studied and several parametric variations have been carried out to examine the sensitivity of the design parameters on the absorption bandwidth. Finally, the designed absorber has been fabricated and measured in anechoic chamber, which shows good agreement between the experimental results and the simulated responses, under different angles of incidence as well as for various polarisation angles.
Corrections to proximity effects in electron beam lithography. II. Implementation (1979)

Mathematical formulations for the correction of proximity effects in electron beam lithography have been developed in the preceding paper. The implementation of these techniques to practical electron lithographic patterns involves (1) an efficient evaluation of the proximity interaction between every pair of shapes in the pattern. This interaction can be computed explicitly in limited cases; an algorithm for general cases is described. (2) The solution of the linear equations that yield the corrections to proximity effect. This is accomplished via a series of algorithms that involve dissecting the data into overlapping zones of different types. Pattern data manipulation is reduced by an algorithm involving generation of additional data, tagging, and sorting.
Umsetzung von 3‐Chlor‐3‐methyl‐1‐butin mit Chlorwasserstoff: Hinweise gegen eine elektrophile Additionsreaktion (1980)

Abstract Umsetzungen von 3‐Chlor‐3‐methyl‐1‐butin ( 1 ) mit einem Überschuß an wasserfreiem Chlorwasserstoff in der flüssigen Phase lieferten ca. 16 Reaktionsprodukte. Hauptprodukt war 1,1,3‐Trichlor‐3‐methylbutan ( 6 ). Ebenfalls in beträchtlichen Mengen gebildet wurden ( E )‐1,3‐Dichlor‐3‐methyl‐1‐buten ( 5 ), sowie ( Z )‐ und ( E )‐1,3‐Dichlor‐2‐methyl‐2‐buten ( 11a, b ). Die erwarteten Produkte einer elektrophilen Addition an die Dreifachbindung wurden dagegen nur in sehr geringen Anteilen gefunden. Die Bildung der erhaltenen Produkte wurde über eine Heterolyse der CCl‐Bindung im Substrat 1 und Folgereaktionen des dabei erhaltenen mesomeren Kations A formuliert.
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis: pathogenesis and prevalence (1999)

The case for a Guytonian approach to the nephrogenesis of essential hypertension is strong [1-3]. Bartholomew's Hospital, London) died at the young age of 46 years. He was a fascinating man who combined a Hypertension is not maintained in the presence of normal kidney function untrammelled by inappropri-rigorous scientific approach with clinical acumen. He excelled in the fields of hypertension research and ate renal vasoconstriction or by non-physiological sodium acquisitiveness. All monogenic disorders dis-nephrological research. He was an inspiring investigator whose untimely death is mourned by many colleagues in covered to date which cause hypertension lead to inappropriate sodium retention [4, Doubts, how-European nephrology.
Effect of chain architecture on biaxial orientation and oxygen permeability of polypropylene film (2007)

Abstract Films of two isotactic propylene homopolymers prepared with different catalysts and a propylene/ethylene copolymer were biaxially oriented under conditions of temperature and strain rate that were similar to those encountered in a commercial film process. The draw temperature was varied in the range between the onset of melting and the peak melting temperature. It was found that the stress response during stretching depended on the residual crystallinity in the same way for all three polymers. Biaxial orientation reduced the oxygen permeability of the oriented films, however, the reduction did not correlate with the amount of orientation as measured by birefringence, with the fraction of amorphous phase as determined by density, or with free volume hole size as determined by PALS. Rather, the decrease in permeability was attributed to reduced mobility of amorphous tie molecules. A single one‐to‐one correlation between the oxygen permeability and the intensity of the dynamic mechanical β‐relaxation was demonstrated for all the polymers used in the study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Biologically active pentacyclic triterpenes and their current medicine signification (2003)

Pentacyclic triterpenes are produced by arrangement of squalene epoxide. These compounds are extremely common and are found in most plants. There are at least 4000 known triterpenes. Many triterpenes occur freely but others occur as glycosides (saponins) or in special combined forms. Pentacyclic triterpenes have a wide spectrum of biological activities and some of them may be useful in medicine. The therapeutic potential of three pentacyclic triterpenes - lupeol, betuline and betulinic acid - is discussed in this paper. Betulinic acid especially is a very promising compound. This terpene seems to act by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Due to its apparent specificity for melanoma cells, betulinic acid seems to be a more promising anti-cancer substance than drugs like taxol.
Concentrating and labeling genomic DNA in a nanofluidic array (2018)

Nucleotide incorporation by DNA polymerase forms the basis of DNA sequencing-by-synthesis. In current platforms, either the single-stranded DNA or the enzyme is immobilized on a solid surface to locate the incorporation of individual nucleotides in space and/or time. Solid-phase reactions may, however, hinder the polymerase activity. We demonstrate a device and a protocol for the enzymatic labeling of genomic DNA arranged in a dense array of single molecules without attaching the enzyme or the DNA to a surface. DNA molecules accumulate in a dense array of pits embedded within a nanoslit due to entropic trapping. We then perform ϕ29 polymerase extension from single-strand nicks created on the trapped molecules to incorporate fluorescent nucleotides into the DNA. The array of entropic traps can be loaded with λ-DNA molecules to more than 90% of capacity at a flow rate of 10 pL min<sup>-1</sup>. The final concentration can reach up to 100 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>, and the DNA is eluted from the array by increasing the flow rate. The device may be an important preparative module for carrying out enzymatic processing on DNA extracted from single-cells in a microfluidic chip.
Anger over increase (1998)

First day of Congress saw health secretary Frank Dobson’s pledge to increase non-means tested student bursaries.
A Fight for Professional Status (1944)

(1944). A Fight for Professional Status. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 359-409.
Etanercept exerts beneficial effects on articular cartilage biomarkers of degradation and turnover in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. (2005)

Our data suggest that an anti-TNF-alpha agent, etanercept, may modify cartilage turnover. These include decreased degradation of type II collagen and increased turnover of aggrecan. Additional therapeutic properties of some anti-TNF-alpha agents in AS, such as infliximab, may be related to decreased expression of MMP. Additional studies in larger populations are therefore warranted.
Comparability of FDG PET studies in probable Alzheimer's disease. (1993)

Results of studies with positron emission tomography (PET) of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) were compared among three European centers with different PET scanners (in-plane resolution ranging between 6.75 mm and 9.2 mm). A ratio of glucose metabolism in the most typically affected regions over the least typically affected regions was calculated to quantitatively analyze the characteristic pattern of AD. Diagnostic accuracy of this composite ratio was high (95.8%) and was superior to that of most ratios derived from single regions. Correspondingly, there was a consistent, highly significant difference between patients (mean ratio 0.77 +/- 0.11) and normals (mean 0.99 +/- 0.04) without significant differences among laboratories. Possible small effects of rate constant variation and region size were analyzed by computer simulation. The results demonstrate that a common investigation protocol may yield FDG PET data in different laboratories that are closely comparable in spite of differences between scanners and imaging equipment.