gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation and expression of hyaluronan synthases in human articular chondrocytes, synovial cells and osteosarcoma cells (2001)

Recently three isoforms of hyaluronan synthase (HAS), the enzyme responsible for hyaluronate/hyaluronan (HA) biosynthesis, have been cloned, allowing us to study their expression pattern. Our objective was to determine which of the HAS isoenzymes were expressed in human articular chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells, whether their expression could be modulated by growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-1, basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and cytokines [interleukin 1β1 (IL-1β)], and whether changes in the rate of HA synthesis by the cells correlated with changes in mRNA levels for one or more of the HAS isoforms. All three HAS isoforms were found to be expressed in the cultured cells analysed in this study, although the relative proportions varied for each cell type. HAS2 mRNA was usually predominant in chondrocytes, whereas synovial cells contained increased amounts of HAS1. HAS3 was always the least abundant message. The rapidly growing osteosarcoma cells contained almost exclusively HAS2 message. HAS usage in uncultured cartilage and synovial tissues was similar to that in the cultured cells, with HAS2 message being the predominant species in cartilage and HAS1 usually being the predominant species in synovium. HA synthesis was stimulated by the growth factors, but the extent of the response was cell-type specific. Synovial cells responded particularly well to IL-1β, and showed a unique synergistic response when IL-1β was used in combination with TGF-β1. This response was much reduced in articular chondrocytes and absent in the osteosarcoma cells. Analysis of changes in HAS message levels indicated that there was often no correlation with the changes in HA secretion following exposure to growth factors. Although HAS-1 mRNA was increased in synovial cells after exposure to TGF-β1/IL-1β, the magnitude of the change was far less than the effect on HA synthesis. Our data thus suggest that HAS gene usage is tissue specific, and the regulation by growth factors is unique for each HAS gene and is further modulated by cell-specific factors. In addition, regulation of HA biosynthesis appears to be multi-faceted, with control of HAS gene expression and mRNA levels being only one aspect of this process.
Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding for Transmission over Fading Channels (2002)

Against the backdrop of the emerging 3G wireless personal communications standards and broadband access network standard proposals, this volume covers a range of coding and transmission aspects for transmission over fading wireless channels. It presents the most important classic channel coding issues and also the exciting advances of the last decade, such as turbo coding, turbo equalisation and space-time coding. It endeavours to be the first book with explicit emphasis on channel coding for transmission over wireless channels. Divided into 4 parts: Part 1 - explains the necessary background for novices. It aims to be both an easy reading text book and a deep research monograph. Part 2 - provides detailed coverage of turbo conventional and turbo block coding considering the known decoding algorithms and their performance over Gaussian as well as narrowband and wideband fading channels. Part 3 - comprehensively discusses both space-time block and space-time trellis coding for the first time in literature. Part 4 - provides an overview of turbo equalisations, also referred to as turbo demodulation. The book systematically converts the lessons of Shannon's information theory into design principles applicable to practical wireless systems. It provides overall design performance studies, giving cognizance to the contradictory design requirements of bit error rate, implementational complexity, coding and interleaving delay, effective throughput, coding rate and other related systems design aspects in a comprehensive manner.
Balanced Linear Precoding in Decode-and-Forward Based MIMO Relay Communications (2011)

This paper proposes a linear precoding technique for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) decode-and-forward (DF) based relay communications. The proposed precoder is constructed by linearly combining two independently designed precoders that maximize data rates at relay and destination, respectively. Contrary to conventional precoding in DF relay communications, the proposed precoding balances direct and relay links and maximize the achievable rate of the overall system. We also propose a distributed precoder design method using limited information. The proposed algorithms are shown to significantly reduce computation complexity of precoder design. The numerical results show that the proposed precoders with full information and limited information achieve significantly higher data rates than conventional precoding neglecting a direct link and comparable data rate to the optimal precoding even when the coefficients for linear combining are restricted to real numbers.
Potassium and Yttrium Complexes of a Rigid Bis‐Phosphido POP‐Donor Ligand (2017)

Dilithiation of 4,5‐dibromo‐2,7‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethyl‐xanthene (XBr 2 ) followed by addition of 2 equiv. of (2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)dichlorophosphine (TrippPCl 2 ) afforded 4,5‐bis[(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)chlorophosphino]‐2,7‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene (XP 2 Cl 2 ), which was reduced to 4,5‐bis[(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)phosphino]‐2,7‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene (H 2 XP 2 ) using excess LiAlH 4 . Deprotonation of H 2 XP 2 with excess KH in DME provided the dipotassium salt, [K 2 (XP 2 )(dme) n ] ( 1 ; n = 2.5–4), and stirring 1 in THF followed by recrystallization from hexanes yielded tetrametallic [K 4 (XP 2 ) 2 (THF) 4 ] ( 2 ) which features a central K 4 P 4 cage. Reaction of [YI 3 (THF) 3.5 ] with [K 2 XP 2 (dme) 2.5 ] afforded a mixture of products including [(XP 2 )YI(THF) 2 ] ( 3 ) and (PTripp) 3 ; pure 3 could be isolated in low yield by extraction with a minimum volume of hexanes or O(SiMe 3 ) 2 . In the solid state, 3 adopts a face‐capped trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry with a planar xanthene backbone and an angle of 85° between the P(1)/C(4)/C(5)/P(2) and P(1)/Y/P(2) planes.
Surface investigation of carbon films: from diamond to graphite (2010)

Abstract In the present work, a detailed spectroscopic investigation of carbon in different crystalline forms from diamond to graphite was carried out. The spectra of photoemission peak, plasmon losses and X‐rays‐excited C KLL were studied in order to characterize the carbon phase in different samples. In addition, a method for determination of sp 2 /sp 3 ratio from the first derivative of Auger C KLL spectrum was employed. The obtained results indicated that carbon photoemission peak for sp 2 and sp 3 configurations is characterized by the same value of binding energy. The peaks of plasmon losses and Auger KLL transition were more diagnostic than C 1s photoemission peak, permitting to distinguish the sp 2 and sp 3 configurations. For intermediate situation, which is present in diamond‐like carbon (DLC), characterized by a mixture of sp 2 and sp 3 states, the spectra were very similar to the carbon‐black, whereas single‐wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) were containing about 50% sp 2 states. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2-Phenylsubstituted-3-Hydroxyquinolin-4(1<i>H</i>)-one-Carboxamides: Structure-Cytotoxic Activity Relationship Study (2010)

A structure-activity relationship of some derivatives of 2-phenylsubstituted- 3-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one-7-carboxamides was systematically studied using combinatorial solid-phase synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity screening on representative cancer lines. The effect of substituent type in position 2 as well as of the carboxamide group was investigated via synthesis of generic libraries constructed with respect to polarity and bulkiness of appropriate substituents. The process of development afforded a set of compounds with significant cytotoxic activity. Subsequently, corresponding 2-phenylsubstituted-3-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one-6-carboxamides and 2-phenylsubstituted-3-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one-8-carboxamides were prepared to evaluate the influence of the carboxamide group position on the resulting biological activity.
New doped multiple-quantum-well avalanche photodiode: The doped barrier Al0.35Ga0.65As/GaAs multiple-quantum-well avalanche photodiode (1992)

The performance of doped barrier, multiple-quantum-well avalanche photodiodes (MQW APDs) is reported for the first time. Investigations are presented for a 800 Å/200 Å MQW Al0.35Ga0.65As/GaAs undoped structure with a p-n junction in each barrier. The devices exhibit low dark currents, low breakdown voltages (−10 V), and gains up to 20 for electron injection. Noise measurements show an enhancement of the electron to hole ionization rates ratio, α/β, to values between 50 and 12.5 for gains up to 5, and to 5 for gains above 5. α/β is enhanced by a factor of 6 over the bulk GaAs, and a factor of at least 2 over the simple MQW APD. The particular design we report provides medium gain and very-low-noise characteristics at low bias voltage. These experimental noise results are the best reported so far for AlGaAs/GaAs MQW APD structures.
2″‐4″ diameter GaN‐on‐sapphire substrates free of wafer bow at all temperatures (2014)

Abstract A heteroepitaxial GaN‐on‐sapphire template growth strategy is presented that eliminates wafer bow in the final structure at both room temperature and at high crystal growth temperatures. The technology is demonstrated here on 2″ and 4″ substrate sizes with GaN epitaxy thicknesses up to 150 µm with a sub‐nm, epi‐ready, final surface roughness. Wafer bow vs. temperature measurements for (a) 15 µm of GaN on 4″ 650 µm thick sapphire showing 280 µm bow shift, (b) 10 µm GaN film on 2″ 430µm thick sapphire showing 120 µm bow shift, and (c) and (d), 15 µm of FLAAT GaN on 2″ and 4″ sapphire, respectively, each showing less than 30 µm of bow shift. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The isolation and long-term culture of normal human endometrial epithelium and stroma: Expression of mRNAs for angiogenic polypeptides basally and on oestrogen and progesterone challenges (1995)

A highly reproducible and technically straightforward technique for the isolation and long-term culture of normal human endometrial epithelial cells is described. The essential conditions for long-term culture are that the cells be seeded onto a gelatin matrix and that 'endothelial cell growth supplement' be present in the culture medium. Normal endometrial epithelial cells express cytokeratins and oestrogen receptors. They may be passaged five to six times without change in properties. Growth of normal endometrial epithelial cells was stimulated by 17-beta-oestradiol and epidermal growth factor. Expression of the mRNA coding for seven polypeptide angiogenic factors, by normal endometrial epithelial, stromal and three endometrial carcinoma lines, was examined. The endometrial epithelial and stromal cells express mRNA for the polypeptide angiogenic factors, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta 1 and pleiotrophin, as well as the cytokine midkine. Expression of the mRNA for both vascular endothelial growth factor and midkine by normal endometrial epithelial cells showed a 2-fold increase on treatment with a physiological dose of 17-beta-oestradiol (10(-10) M) while, in contrast, the mRNA of transforming growth factor-beta 1 decreased 4-fold on treatment with 17-beta-oestradiol (10(-10) M) and was abolished by exposure to progesterone (5 x 10(-9) M). Expression of the mRNAs for angiogenic polypeptides by the endometrial carcinoma lines was more restricted.
BigDataDIRAC: Deploying Distributed Big Data Applications (2015)

The Distributed Infrastructure with Remote Agent Control (DIRAC) software framework allows a user community to manage computing activities in different grid and cloud environments. Many communities from several fields (LHCb, Belle II, Creatis, DIRAC4EGI multiple community portal, etc.) use DIRAC to run jobs in distributed environments. Google created the MapReduce programming model offering an efficient way of performing distributed computation over large data sets. Several enterprises are providing Hadoop cloud based resources to their users, and are trying to simplify the usage of Hadoop in the cloud. Based in these two robust technologies, we have created BigDataDIRAC, a solution which gives users the opportunity to access multiple Big Data resources scattered in different geographical areas, such as access to grid resources. This approach opens the possibility of offering not only grid and cloud to the users, but also Big Data resources from the same DIRAC environment. Proof of concept is shown using three computing centers in two countries, and with four Hadoop clusters. Our results demonstrate the ability of BigDataDIRAC to manage jobs driven by dataset location stored in the Hadoop File System (HDFS) of the Hadoop distributed clusters. DIRAC is used to monitor the execution, collect the necessary statistical data, and upload the results from the remote HDFS to the SandBox Storage machine. The tests produced the equivalent of 5 days continuous processing.
Q-FCRA: QoS-based OFDMA femtocell resource allocation algorithm (2012)

Recently, operators have resorted to femtocell networks in order to enhance indoor coverage and increase system capacity. Nevertheless, to successfully deploy such solution, efficient resource allocation algorithms and interference mitigation techniques should be deployed. The new applications delivered by operators require large amounts of network bandwidth. Whereas, some customers may want to pay more in exchange for a better quality of service (QoS), some others need less resources and can be charged accordingly. Hence, we consider an OFDMA femtocell network serving both QoS constrained high-priority (HP) and best-effort (BE) users. Our objective is to satisfy a maximum number of HP users while serving BE users as well as possible. This optimization problem is multi-objective NP-hard. For this aim, we propose in this paper a new resource allocation and admission control algorithm, called Q-FCRA, based on clustering and taking into account QoS requirements. We show by extensive network simulation results that our proposal outperforms two state of the art schemes (Centralized-Dynamic Frequency Planning, C-DFP, and Distributed Random Access, DRA) as well as our previous proposal, FCRA, in both low and high density networks. The results concern the number of accepted users, the fairness, the throughput satisfaction rate and the spectrum spatial reuse.
Novel Synthetic Method for Piperitenones Through Diels-Alder Reaction (1984)

Abstract The Diels-Alder adduct obtained from 1-(2-phenyl-selenoethoxy)isoprene and methyl vinyl ketone was applied to synthesis of piperitenones.
Ion‐selective membranes with low plasticizer content: Electroanalytical characterization and biocompatibility studies (1994)

High molecular weight poly(vinyl chloride) and aliphatic polyurethane (Tecoflex)-based ion selective membranes, with normal and reduced amounts of plasticizer, as well as without plasticizer, were tested with respect to their analytical properties, their biocompatibility, and cellular responses. The analytical properties of the membranes did not change significantly within a wide range of polymer to plasticizer ratios. However, the membranes with reduced plasticizer content had better adhesive properties, less anion interference, extended life time, and better biocompatibility. Using the cage implant system, the results showed that an increase of plasticizer weight percent in Tecoflex membranes correlated positively with the increase in host inflammatory response up to 14 days of implantation. The results also demonstrated that both PVC and Tecoflex-based ion-selective membranes with the most common membrane composition (1:2 polymer to plasticizer ratio) exhibited a similar acute inflammatory response, but the PVC-based membrane elicited a reduced chronic inflammatory response when compared with the Tecoflex-based membrane.
Matrix Profile VI: Meaningful Multidimensional Motif Discovery (2017)

Time series motifs are approximately repeating patterns in real-valued time series data. They are useful for exploratory data mining and are often used as inputs for various time series clustering, classification, segmentation, rule discovery, and visualization algorithms. Since the introduction of the first motif discovery algorithm for univariate time series in 2002, multiple efforts have been made to generalize motifs to the multidimensional case. In this work, we show that these efforts, which typically attempt to find motifs on all dimensions, will not produce meaningful motifs except in the most contrived situations. We explain this finding and introduce mSTAMP, an algorithm that allows meaningful discovery of multidimensional motifs. Beyond producing objectively and subjectively meaningful results, our algorithm has a host of additional advantages, including being much faster, requiring fewer parameters and supporting streaming data. We demonstrate the utility of our mSTAMP-based motif discovery framework on domains as diverse as audio processing, industry, and sports analytics.
An NMR metabolomic investigation of early metabolic disturbances following traumatic brain injury in a mammalian model (2005)

The effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on brain chemistry and metabolism were examined in three groups of rats using high-resolution (1)H NMR metabolomics of brain tissue extracts and plasma. Brain injury in the TBI group (n = 6) was produced by lateral fluid percussion and regional changes in brain metabolites were analyzed at 1 h after injury in hippocampus, cortex and plasma and compared with changes in both a sham-surgery control group (n = 6) and an untreated control group (n = 6). Evidence was found of oxidative stress (e.g. decreases in ascorbate of 16.4% (p<0.01) and 29.7% (p<0.05) in cortex and hippocampus, respectively) in TBI rats versus the untreated control group, as well as excitotoxic damage (e.g. decreases in glutamate of 14.7% (p<0.05) and 12.3% (p<0.01) in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively), membrane disruption (e.g. decreases in the total level of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine of 23.0% (p<0.01) and 19.0% (p<0.01) in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively) and neuronal injury (e.g. decreases in N-acetylaspartate of 15.3% (p<0.01) and 9.7% (p>0.05) in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively). Significant changes in the overall pattern of NMR-observable metabolites using principal components analysis were also observed in TBI animals. Although TBI clearly had an effect on the metabolic profile found in brain tissue, no clear effects could be discerned in plasma samples. This was at least partly due to large variability in dominant glucose and lactate peaks in plasma. However, disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the subsequent movement of metabolites from brain into blood may have been relatively small and below the detection limits of our analytical procedures. Overall, these data indicate that TBI results in several significant changes in brain metabolism early after trauma and that a metabolomic approach based on (1)H NMR spectroscopy can provide a metabolic profile comprising several metabolite classes and allow for relative quantification of such changes within specific brain regions. The results also provide support for further development and application of metabolomic technologies for studying TBI and for the utilization of multivariate models for classifying the extent of trauma within an individual.
Synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles from ethyl 2-ethoxymethylidene-3-oxo-3-(polyfluoroalkyl)propionates (2010)

Cyclization of ethyl 2-ethoxymethylidene-3-oxo-3-polyfluoroalkylpropionates with benzimidazol-2-amine in boiling 1,4-dioxane followed two concurrent pathways with participation of fluoroacyl and ethoxycarbonyl fragments and formation of, respectively, ethyl 4-hydroxy-4-polyfluoroalkyl-1,4-dihydropyrimido-[1,2-a]benzimidazole-3-carboxylates and 3-polyfluoroacylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-4-ols. Dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives undergo dehydration to give ethyl 4-(polyfluoroalkyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-3-carboxylates, whereas the hydroxy group in 3-polyfluoroacylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-4-ols is capable of being replaced by the amino group of the second benzimidazole molecule with formation of 4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-3-polyfluoroacylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.
Complete amino acid sequence of rat liver cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (1991)

The complete amino acid sequence of rat liver cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) is presented. Two primary sets of overlapping fragments were obtained by cleavage of the pyridylethylated protein at methionyl and lysyl bonds with cyanogen bromide and Achromobacter protease I, respectively. The protein was found to be acetylated at the amino terminus and contained 495 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of the subunit was calculated to be 55,018 which was in good agreement with a molecular weight of 55,000 determined by SDS-PAGE and also indicated that the active enzyme with a molecular weight of 114,000 was a homodimer composed of two identical subunits. No highly homologous sequence was found in protein sequence databases except for a 20-residue sequence around the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding site of the pig heart enzyme [Tanase, S., Kojima, H., & Morino, Y. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 3002-3007], which was almost identical with that of residues 303-322 of the rat liver enzyme. In spite of rather low homology scores, rat alanine aminotransferase is clearly homologous to those of other aminotransferases from the same species, e.g., cytosolic tyrosine aminotransferase (24.7% identity), cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (17.0%), and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (16.0%). Most of the crucial amino acid residues hydrogen-bonding to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate identified in aspartate aminotransferase by X-ray crystallography are conserved in alanine aminotransferase. This suggests that the topology of secondary structures characteristic in the large domain of other alpha-aminotransferases with known tertiary structure may also be conserved in alanine aminotransferase.