gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depth of Penetration of an 850nm Wavelength Low Level Laser in Human Skin (2007)

Low Level Laser Therapy is used for a wide variety of conditions including superficial skin sores, musculoskeletal and joint problems, and dentistry. Knowledge of the penetration depth of laser radiation in human skin is an essential prerequisite to identifying its method of action. Mathematical simulations and estimates from the literature suggest that the depth of penetration of laser radiation using wavelengths from 630nm up to 1100nm may be up to 50mm. The aim of this study is to directly measure the penetration depth of a Low Level Laser in human tissue. Human abdominal skin samples up to 0.784mm thickness were harvested by dermatome following abdominoplasty procedures. These samples were irradiated by a Gallium Aluminium Arsenide Laser (Wavelength 850nm near infra-red invisible light, 100mW, 24kHz, 0.28mm diameter probe) and the transmitted radiation measured with an Ophir Optronics 'Nova' external energy meter. The intensity of laser radiation reduced by 66% after being transmitted through a 0.784mm sample of human abdominal tissue. In this study most laser radiation was absorbed within the first 1mm of skin.
Two-dimensional Simulation Study on Optimization of Gate Field Plate Structure for High Breakdown Voltage AlGaN/GaN-on-Si High Electron Mobility Transistors (2011)

The optimal geometry of the gate field plate in AlGaN/GaN-on-Si HEMT has been proposed using two-dimensional device simulation to achieve a high breakdown voltage for a given gate-to-drain distance. It was found that the breakdown voltage was drastically enhanced due to the reduced electric field at the gate corner when a gate field plate was employed. The electric field distribution at the gate corner and the field plate edge was investigated as functions of field plate length and insulator thickness. According to the simulation results, the electric field at the gate corner can be successfully reduced even with the field plate length of 1 . On the other hand, when the field plate length is too long, the distance between field plate and drain electrode is reduced below a critical level, which eventually lowers the breakdown voltage. The highest breakdown voltage was achieved with the field plate length of 1 . According to the simulation results varying the film thickness for the fixed field plate length of 1 , the optimum thickness range of the film was 200 - 300 nm where the electric field strength at the field plate edge counterbalances that of the gate corner.
Doxorubicin-Loaded Nanoparticles: Increased Efficiency in Murine Hepatic Metastases (1989)

Free doxorubicin and doxorubicin associated with polyisohexlycyanoacrylate were tested for their therapeutic efficiency in hepatic metastasis-bearing mice. The metastases originated from the M 5076 reticulum cell sarcoma. Irrespective of the dose and the administration schedule, the reduction of the number of metastases was much larger with the doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles than with free doxorubicin. This was clearly confirmed by histological examination. Although pharmacological and pharmacokinetic data indicated a strong capture of the nanoparticles by the hepatic issue, the mechanism of nanoparticle therapeutic efficiency remains unclear.
Hetero-oligomeric MspA pores in<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2016)

The porin MspA of Mycobacterium smegmatis is a biological nanopore used for DNA sequencing. The octameric MspA pore can be isolated from M. smegmatis in milligram quantities, is extremely stable against denaturation and rapidly inserts into lipid membranes. Here, we show that MspA pores composed of different Msp subunits are formed in M. smegmatis and that hetero-oligomers of different Msp monomers increase the heterogeneity of MspA pores designed for DNA sequencing. To improve the quality of preparations of mutant MspA proteins, all four msp genes were deleted from the M. smegmatis genome after insertion of an inducible porin gene from M. tuberculosis. In the msp quadruple mutant M. smegmatis ML712 no Msp porins were detected and mutant MspA proteins were produced at wild-type levels. Lipid bilayer experiments demonstrated that MspA pores isolated from ML712 formed functional channels and had a narrower conductance distribution than pores purified from M. smegmatis with background msp expression. Thus, the M. smegmatis msp quadruple mutant improves the homogeneity of MspA pores designed for DNA sequencing and might also facilitate the identification and functional characterization of other mycobacterial pore proteins.
Piezoelectric polymeric thin films tuned by carbon nanotube fillers (2008)

Piezoelectric materials have received considerable attention from the smart structure community because of their potential use as sensors, actuators and power harvesters. In particular, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been proposed in recent years as an enabling material for a variety of sensing and energy harvesting applications. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are included within a PVDF matrix to enhance the properties of PVDF. The CNT-PVDF composite is fabricated by solvent evaporation and melt pressing. The inclusion of CNT allows the dielectric properties of the PVDF material to be adjusted such that lower poling voltages can be used to induce a permanent piezoelectric effect in the composite. To compare the piezoelectric characteristics of the CNT-PVDF composite proposed, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were analyzed and ferroelectric experiments were conducted. Finally, the aforementioned composites were mounted upon the surface of a cantilevered beam to compare the voltage generation of the CNT-PVDF composite against homogeneous PVDF thin films.
Dynamic Resolution in GPU-Accelerated Volume Rendering to Autostereoscopic Multiview Lenticular Displays (2008)

The generation of multiview stereoscopic images of large volume rendered data demands an enormous amount of calculations. We propose a method for hardware accelerated volume rendering of medical data sets to multiview lenticular displays, offering interactive manipulation throughout. The method is based on buffering GPU-accelerated direct volume rendered visualizations of the individual views from their respective focal spot positions, and composing the output signal for the multiview lenticular screen in a second pass. This compositing phase is facilitated by the fact that the view assignment per subpixel is static, and therefore can be precomputed. We decoupled the resolution of the individual views from the resolution of the composited signal, and adjust the resolution on-the-fly, depending on the available processing resources, in order to maintain interactive refresh rates. The optimal resolution for the volume rendered views is determined by means of an analysis of the lattice of the output signal for the lenticular screen in the Fourier domain.
<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> and Chlamydial Heat Shock Protein 60 Stimulate Proliferation of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Toll-Like Receptor 4 and p44/p42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation (2001)

An early component of atherogenesis is abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. The presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in many atherosclerotic lesions raises the possibility that this organism plays a causal role in atherogenesis. In this study, C pneumoniae elementary bodies (EBs) rapidly activated p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and stimulated proliferation of VSMCs in vitro. Exposure of VSMCs derived from human saphenous vein to C pneumoniae EBs (3×10 7 inclusion forming units/mL) enhanced bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation 12±3-fold. UV- and heat-inactivated C pneumoniae EBs also stimulated VSMC proliferation, indicating a role of direct stimulation by chlamydial antigens. However, the mitogenic activity of C pneumoniae was heat-labile, thus excluding a role of lipopolysaccharide. Chlamydial hsp60 (25 μg/mL) replicated the effect of C pneumoniae , stimulating BrdU incorporation 7±3-fold. Exposure to C pneumoniae or chlamydial hsp60 rapidly activated p44/p42 MAPK, within 5 to 10 minutes of exposure. In addition, PD98059 and U0126, which are two distinct inhibitors of upstream MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), abolished the mitogenic effect of C pneumoniae and chlamydial hsp60. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as sensors for microbial antigens and can signal via the p44/p42 MAPK pathway. Human VSMCs were shown to express TLR4 mRNA and protein, and a TLR4 antagonist abolished chlamydial hsp60–induced VSMC proliferation and attenuated C pneumoniae –induced MAPK activation and VSMC proliferation. Together these results indicate that C pneumoniae and chlamydial hsp60 are potent inducers of human VSMC proliferation and that these effects are mediated, at least in part, by rapid TLR4-mediated activation of p44/p42 MAPK.
High-responsivity sub-bandgap hot-hole plasmonic Schottky detectors (2016)

In this paper we present a sub-bandgap photodetector consisting of a metal grating on a thin metal patch on silicon, which makes use of the enhancement produced by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons at the metal-silicon interface. The grating is defined via e-beam lithography and Au lift-off on a Au patch defined beforehand by optical lithography on doped p-type silicon. The surface plasmon polaritons are absorbed by the metal, leading to the creation of hot holes that can cross into the silicon where they are collected as the photocurrent. Physical characterization of intermediate structure is provided along with responsivity measurements at telecom wavelengths. Results are promising in terms of responsivity, with a value of 13 mA/W measured at 1550 nm - this is among the highest values reported to date for sub-bandgap detectors based on internal photoemission. The Schottky photodetector can be used in, e.g., non-contact wafer probing or in short-reach optical communications applications.
AlO<i><sub>x</sub></i> Coating of Ultrastable Zeolite Y:  A Possible Method for Vanadium Passivation of FCC Catalysts (2000)

AlOx coating is proposed as a possible method for vanadium passivation of the ultrastable zeolite Y (USY). Two coating methods are discussed: (i) the deposition of the [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ ([Al13]) complex from aqueous solutions and (ii) the anchoring of alumoxane by in situ triisobutylaluminum hydrolysis followed by calcination. The properties and the efficiency in vanadium passivation of the coated materials have been investigated with DRS, ESR, XPS, FTIR, and sorption measurements. XPS revealed for all the coated samples an enrichment in the Al content in the near-surface region and differences in Al coordination geometry. Vanadyl(IV) etioporphyrin, the major contaminant in crude oil, was used to probe the trapping efficiency of the external AlOx layer. The [Al13]-derived layer is homogeneously distributed and covers the external surface of the USY zeolite, following its topology, but without blocking its pores. About 80% of the offered vanadyl species have been preferentially trapped in this layer. The alumoxane-based method is less efficient in vanadium passivation, most probably because after calcination the aluminum species are heterogeneously distributed, both on the external surface and in the channels of USY zeolite.
Vaccine-Induced Opsonophagocytic Immunity to <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Group B (2008)

The role of opsonophagocytosis (OP) in protection against meningococcal disease is controversial because patients with deficiencies in terminal complement proteins whose sera support OP but not bactericidal activity (BA) are at greatly increased risk of disease. We assayed complement-mediated BA and OP bactericidal activity in sera from 32 adults immunized with an outer membrane vesicle vaccine given alone or combined with an investigational recombinant protein, genome-derived neisserial antigen (GNA2132). The sera were heat inactivated to remove internal complement activity, and BA was measured with exogenous nonimmune human serum as a complement source. OP was measured with human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and C6-depleted complement, which without PMNs did not support BA. Before immunization, 9 to 19% of sera from subjects in both vaccine groups combined had BA titers of >or=1:4, which increased to 41 to 72% after immunization (P < 0.01 against each of three test strains). The percentages of sera with OP titers of >or=1:5 were 3 to 16%, which increased to 55 to 72% (P < 0.001 for each strain). Most postimmunization BA-positive sera were OP positive, but 10 to 37% of BA-negative sera also were OP positive. Comparing the two vaccine groups, there were no significant differences in the percentages of sera with BA or OP activity except for a higher percentage of OP against one strain in postimmunization sera from subjects in the combination vaccine group (P <or= 0.02). The data support independent roles for serum BA and OP bactericidal activity in protection against group B disease.
Dynamic Feature Selection for Machine-Learning Based Concurrency Regulation in STM (2014)

In this paper we explore machine-learning approaches for dynamically selecting the well suited amount of concurrent threads in applications relying on Software Transactional Memory (STM). Specifically, we present a solution that dynamically shrinks or enlarges the set of input features to be exploited by the machine-learner. This allows for tuning the concurrency level while also minimizing the overhead for input-features sampling, given that the cardinality of the input-feature set is always tuned to the minimum value that still guarantees reliability of workload characterization. We also present a fully heedged implementation of our proposal within the TinySTM open source framework, and provide the results of an experimental study relying on the STAMP benchmark suite, which show significant reduction of the response time with respect to proposals based on static feature selection.
A reactive controller framework for quadrupedal locomotion on challenging terrain (2013)

We propose a reactive controller framework for robust quadrupedal locomotion, designed to cope with terrain irregularities, trajectory tracking errors and poor state estimation. The framework comprises two main modules: One related to the generation of elliptic trajectories for the feet and the other for control of the stability of the whole robot. We propose a task space CPG-based trajectory generation that can be modulated according to terrain irregularities and the posture of the robot trunk. To improve the robot's stability, we implemented a null space based attitude control for the trunk and a push recovery algorithm based on the concept of capture points. Simulations and experimental results on the hydraulically actuated quadruped robot HyQ will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.
Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Peri-Implant Bone Repair: A Histologic Study in Dogs (2010)

The present study evaluated the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on peri-implant bone healing. A total of 9 mongrel dogs received 36 dental implants with sandblasted acid-etched surface in lower jaws in a split-mouth design: in the PRP group (n=18 implants) the implants were placed in association with PRP, and in the control group (n=18 implants) the implants were placed without PRP. Biopsies were obtained and prepared for histologic and histometric analysis after 15, 30, and 55 days of healing. The biopsies retrieved at 15 days showed delicate bone trabeculae formed by immature bone with presence of numerous osteoblasts for both groups. At 30 days the trabeculae presented reversal lines and evident lamellar disposition, where some thread spaces were filled by bone and dense connective tissue. At 55 days, bone healing was not altered in the control group, and histologic aspects were variable for the group treated with PRP. There was no significant difference between the groups for bone-to-implant contact (P>.05). PRP did not enhance bone formation around sandblasted acid-etched implants.
Primary-Consistent Soft-Decision Color Demosaicking for Digital Cameras (Patent Pending) (2004)

Color mosaic sampling schemes are widely used in digital cameras. Given the resolution of CCD sensor arrays, the image quality of digital cameras using mosaic sampling largely depends on the performance of the color demosaicking process. A common problem with existing color demosaicking algorithms is an inconsistency of sample interpolations in different primary color channels, which is the cause of the most objectionable color artifacts. To cure the problem, we propose a new primary-consistent soft-decision framework (PCSD) of color demosaicking. In the PCSD framework, we make multiple estimates of a missing color sample under different hypotheses on edge or texture directions. The estimates are made via a primary consistent interpolation, meaning that all three primary components of a color are interpolated in the same direction. The final estimate of a color sample is obtained by testing different interpolation hypotheses in the reconstructed full-resolution color image and selecting the best via an optimal statistical decision or inference process. A concrete color demosaicking method of the PCSD framework is presented. This new method eliminates certain types of color artifacts of existing color demosaicking methods. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the PCSD approach can significantly improve the image quality of digital cameras in both subjective and objective measures. In some instances, our gain over the competing methods can be as much as 7 dB.
LA UNAM YA CUENTA CON DEPORTECA UNIVERSITARIA (2011)

CON EL PROPOSITO DE AGILIZAR LA MENTE Y PROPICIAR LA PRACTICA DEPORTIVA ENTRE LA COMUNIDAD DE ESTA CASA DE ESTUDIOS, YA INICIO OPERACIONES LA DEPORTECA UNIVERSITARIA, UBICADA EN EL ANTIGUO PABELLON DE RAYOS COSMICOS LA MUELA, ENTRE LAS FACULTADES DE ODONTOLOGIA, MEDICINA Y QUIMICA; OFRECE SERVICIO DE LUNES A VIERNES, DE 12 A 18 HORAS.
A Secure Cloud-Based NFC Mobile Payment Protocol (2014)

Near Field Communication (NFC) is one the most recent technologies in the area of application development and service delivery via mobile phone. NFC enables the mobile phone to act as identification and a credit card for customers. Dynamic relationships of NFC ecosystem players in an NFC transaction process make them partners in a way that sometimes they should share their access permissions on the applications that are running in the service environment. One of the technologies that can be used to ensure secure NFC transactions is cloud computing which offers wide range advantages compare to the use of a Secure Element (SE) as a single entity in an NFC enabled mobile phone. In this paper, we propose a protocol based on the concept of NFC mobile payments. Accordingly, we present an extended version of the NFC cloud Wallet model [14], in which, the Secure Element in the mobile device is used for customer authentication whereas the customer's banking credentials are stored in a cloud under the control of the Mobile Network Operator (MNO). In this circumstance, Mobile Network Operator plays the role of network carrier which is responsible for controlling all the credentials transferred to the end user. The proposed protocol eliminates the requirement of a shared secret between the Point-of-Sale (POS) and the Mobile Network Operator before execution of the protocol, a mandatory requirement in the earlier version of this protocol [16]. This makes it more practicable and user friendly. At the end, we provide a detailed analysis of the protocol where we discuss multiple attack scenarios.
Can Soft-Starters Help Save Energy? (1997)

This article describes results of an experimental evaluation of seven commercial soft-starters used with three motors of different power ratings. Several performance indicators have been measured and compared to illustrate operation of soft-starters and assess their energy-saving capabilities. Three standard squirrel-cage induction motors, rated at 3 kW, 7.5 kW, and 22 kW, were used. Several European manufacturers provided soft-starters for the investigation. Tests were performed under the steady-state and transient operating conditions.
The Role of Virus-specific Immunoglobulin E in Airway Hyperresponsiveness (2004)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis during infancy and is associated with subsequent wheezing and asthma, but the nature of this association is not fully understood. We investigated the role of RSV-specific IgE antibodies in the pathophysiology of virus-induced airway dysfunction in a mouse model. Lung infection with RSV resulted in significant increases in mRNA expression for IgE and both of its high- and low-affinity receptors. In serum, virus-specific IgE antibodies reached peak levels by Day 21 after infection. Data from in vitro experiments show that RSV can induce mast cell degranulation, but only if these cells are sensitized with specific IgE. When passively sensitized in vivo with virus-specific IgE, mice developed exaggerated airway responsiveness to methacholine on airway infection, an effect that required the high-affinity receptor of IgE. These data suggest that RSV-specific IgE may contribute to the pathophysiology of airway dysfunction in children who develop this class of specific antibody.
Menstrual Blood-derived Cells Confer Human Dystrophin Expression in the Murine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy via Cell Fusion and Myogenic Transdifferentiation (2007)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common lethal genetic disorder in children, is an X-linked recessive muscle disease characterized by the absence of dystrophin at the sarcolemma of muscle fibers. We examined a putative endometrial progenitor obtained from endometrial tissue samples to determine whether these cells repair muscular degeneration in a murine mdx model of DMD. Implanted cells conferred human dystrophin in degenerated muscle of immunodeficient mdx mice. We then examined menstrual blood-derived cells to determine whether primarily cultured nontransformed cells also repair dystrophied muscle. In vivo transfer of menstrual blood-derived cells into dystrophic muscles of immunodeficient mdx mice restored sarcolemmal expression of dystrophin. Labeling of implanted cells with enhanced green fluorescent protein and differential staining of human and murine nuclei suggest that human dystrophin expression is due to cell fusion between host myocytes and implanted cells. In vitro analysis revealed that endometrial progenitor cells and menstrual blood-derived cells can efficiently transdifferentiate into myoblasts/myocytes, fuse to C2C12 murine myoblasts by in vitro coculturing, and start to express dystrophin after fusion. These results demonstrate that the endometrial progenitor cells and menstrual blood-derived cells can transfer dystrophin into dystrophied myocytes through cell fusion and transdifferentiation in vitro and in vivo.
Taxonomy of multiple target tracking methods (2005)

A concise summary of techniques for multiple target tracking is provided and their main characterics assessed qualitatively. The techniques have been catergorised into more than 35 different algorithmic types. A comparison chart is provided that lists each algorithm and categorises the processing scheme, data association mechanism, complexity scaling (with number of targets and with state dimension), overall complexity and a subjective performance figure. Although some recent filtering theory developments have been omitted, the survey should serve to demonstrate the large variety of ‘classical’ estimation theoretic algorithms already available for the design of multiple target tracking systems. A number of areas deserving of further study are identified in the concluding remarks.