gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test environment & application as a Service (2016)

In the highly competitive global information technology (IT) industry it is crucial to apply the latest scientific know-how and service lifecycle models straight to daily business. Test Environment and Application as a Service (TEAaaS) is an OpenStack based Cloud solution developed in Ericsson Nikola Tesla, a Croatian provider of modern information-communications products, solutions, software and services, to transform the way IT applications, tools and environments are delivered to users. Information Technology Infrastructure Library v3 (ITILv3) Service Lifecycle Model has been applied in all development phases. The solution comprises applications and tools made available to users as a customized service portfolio through a Web Cloud Portal, ready to be deployed as an automated development and test environment model. Multiple controller nodes in a high availability cluster provide effective reliability on the OpenStack level, while the custom adapted FreeNX based Load Balancer improves the overall application capacity. The OpenStack Ceilometer component provides real-time monitoring of the used resources and their utilization, so TEAaaS delivers a transparent and flexible pay-per-use service model.
Content-Priority-Aware Chunk Scheduling Over Swarm-Based P2P Live Streaming System: From Theoretical Analysis to Practical Design (2014)

In this work, we revisit two chunk, which is the smallest video data unit for scheduling and transmission, scheduling policies that are essentially mutually exclusive but beneficial for swarm-based P2P live streaming systems. The first is content-diversified oriented (cd-oriented) policy, which regards each chunk of equal importance and schedules chunks to be sent in a near-random fashion. With this approach, peers hold different parts of stream content and contribute their available bandwidth to the system. The second is importance-first oriented (if-oriented) policy, which gives each chunk a content-dependent priority, usually in a rate-distortion (RD) sense, and first schedules the highest-priority chunk to be sent. In doing so, important chunks are more likely to be successfully received before their playback; the reconstructed video quality is thus enhanced under poor network conditions. We successfully identify a simple methodology, which operates on the data availability domain, to leverage both policies. (Data availability here means the set of data units that the user can get from its source(s)). This allows us to deploy dynamic strategy switch scheduling in practical systems to further improve the received video quality of each peer. Simulation results show that our data-availability driven dynamic strategy switch not only overcomes the drawbacks of the two individual policies but also retains the benefits of both. Most importantly, it bridges the gap between rate-distortion analysis on compressed video and P2P content delivery research.
Influence of the Cross-Linker Reactivity on the Formation of Inhomogeneities in Hydrogels (1997)

Polyacrylamide hydrogels cross-linked with different types and concentrations of cross-linkers were prepared and characterized by means of static light scattering and elasticity measurements. Big differences in the excess light scattering revealed different tendencies of the networks to form polymer agglomerations and inhomogeneities. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cross-linking reaction changed with the type of cross-linker chosen. A correlation between these two properties has been observed and attributed to the different reactivities of the cross-linker molecules.
Protein refolding in reversed micelles (1990)

A novel process has been developed which uses reversed micelles to isolate denatured protein molecules from each other and allows them to refold individually. These reversed micelles are aqueous phase droplets stabilized by the surfactant AOT and suspended in isooctane. By adjusting conditions such that only one protein molecule is present per reversed micelle, it was possible to achieve independent folding without encountering the problem of aggregation due to interactions with neighboring molecules. The feasibility of this process was demonstrated using bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A as a model system. It was shown that denatured and reduced ribonuclease can be transferred from a buffered solution containing guanidine hydrochloride into reversed micelles to a greater extent than native enzyme under the same conditions. The denaturant concentration can then be significantly reduced in the reversed micellar phase, while retaining most of the protein, by means of extractive contacting stages with a denaturant-free aqueous solution. Denatured and reduced ribonuclease will subsequently recover full activity inside reversed micelles within 24 h upon addition of a mixture of reduced and oxidized glutathione to reoxidize disulfide bonds. Extraction of this refolded enzyme from reversed micelles back into aqueous solution can be accomplished by contacting the reversed micelle phase with a high ionic strength (1.0M KCl) aqueous solution containing ethyl acetate.
Anionen‐grenzflächenaktive Stoffe aus Aminosäuren und Glycidäthern (1966)

Abstract Nach einem Hinweis auf die Herstellung grenzflächenaktiver Stoffe unter Verwendung von Aminocarbonsäuren, insbesondere Sarkosin, werden Versuche zur Umsetzung von Alkylenoxiden sowie Glycidäthern mit Aminocarbonsäuren beschrieben. Sättigungskonzentrationen, kritische Micellbildungskonzentrationen und die dazugehörigen Oberflächenspannungen (dyn/cm) wäßriger Lösungen (0° d. H.) bei 20° C der Addukte aus Glycin oder Sarkosin und Octylen‐1,2‐oxid bzw. n‐Octyl‐ oder Laurylglycidäther werden angegeben.
Vaccination against Q fever for biodefense and public health indications (2014)

Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever, a disease that is often spread to humans via inhalational exposure to the bacteria from contaminated agricultural sources. Outbreaks have been observed all over the world with larger foci generating interest in vaccination programs, most notably in Australia and the Netherlands. Importantly, exposure rates among military personnel deployed to the Middle East can be relatively high as measured by seroconversion to C. burnetii-specific antibodies. Q fever has been of interest to the biodefense community over the years due to its low infectious dose and environmental stability. Recent advances in cell-free growth and genetics of C. burnetii also make this organism easier to culture and manipulate. While there is a vaccine that is licensed for use in Australia, the combination of biodefense- and public health-related issues associated with Q fever warrant the development of a safer and more effective vaccine against this disease.
Peripheral NK1.1− NKT Cells Are Mature and Functionally Distinct from Their Thymic Counterparts (2007)

One interesting aspect of NKT cell development is that although they are thymus dependent, the pivotal transition from NK1.1(-) to NK1.1(+) can often take place after immature NK1.1(-) NKT cells are exported to the periphery. NK1.1(-) NKT cells in general are regarded as immature precursors of NK1.1(+) NKT cells, meaning that peripheral NK1.1(-) NKT cells are regarded as a transient, semimature population of recent thymic emigrant NKT cells. In this study, we report the unexpected finding that most NK1.1(-) NKT cells in the periphery of naive mice are actually part of a stable, mature and functionally distinct NKT cell population. Using adult thymectomy, we show that the size of the peripheral NK1.1(-) NKT cell pool is maintained independently of thymic export and is not the result of NK1.1 down-regulation by mature cells. We also demonstrate that most peripheral NK1.1(-) NKT cells are functionally distinct from their immature thymic counterparts, and from NK1.1(+) NKT cells in the periphery. We conclude that the vast majority of peripheral NK1.1(-) NKT cells are part of a previously unrecognized, mature NKT cell subset.
Purification of a protein C activator from the venom of the southern copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) (1986)

A protease has been purified by ion-exchange chromatography from the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (Southern copperhead snake) that can activate the vitamin K dependent protein, protein C. The apparent molecular weight of this protease, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 20,000 under nonreducing conditions. Incubation of this protease with plasma resulted in a prolongation of the clotting time and a time-dependent increase in amidolytic activity. Incubation of the protease with purified protein C resulted in an increase in both amidolytic and anticoagulant activity. The protease had no inhibitory effect on thrombin, factor V, fibrinogen, or factor X. It had slight clotting activity toward fibrinogen. The apparent Km of the protease for protein C was 0.28 microM. Calcium ions were observed to inhibit protein C activation with an apparent Ki of 0.2 mM. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and soybean trypsin inhibitor were observed to inhibit the venom protease. These results suggest that the venom of the Southern copperhead snake contains a protease that is a specific activator of protein C.
Relative substrate affinities of wild-type and mutant forms of the<i>Escherichia coli</i>sugar transporter GalP determined by solid-state NMR (2008)

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy is used for the first time to examine the relative substrate-binding affinities of mutant forms of the Escherichia coli sugar transporter GalP in membrane preparations. The SSNMR method of (13)C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) is applied to five site-specific mutants (W56F, W239F, R316W, T336Y and W434F), which have a range of different sugar-transport activities compared to the wild-type protein. It is shown that binding of the substrate D-glucose can be detected independently of sugar transport activity using SSNMR, and that the NMR peak intensities for uniformly (13)C-labelled glucose are consistent with wild-type GalP and the mutants having different affinities for the substrate. The W239F and W434F mutants showed binding affinities similar to that of the wild-type protein, whereas the affinity of glucose-binding to the W56F mutant was reduced. The R316W mutant showed no detectable binding; this position corresponds to the second basic residue in the highly conserved (R/K)XGR(R/K) motif in the major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins and to a mutation in human GLUT1 found in individuals with GLUT1-deficiency syndrome. The T336Y mutant also showed no detectable binding; this mutation is likely to have perturbed helix structure or packing to an extent that conformational changes in the protein are hindered. The effects of the mutations on substrate-binding are discussed with reference to the putative positions of the residues in a 3D homology model of GalP based on the X-ray crystal structure of the E. coli glycerol-3-phosphate transporter GlpT.
Method for characterization of triacylglycerols and fat‐soluble vitamins in edible oils and fats by supercritical fluid chromatography (1995)

Abstract This study demonstrates the usefulness of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for the characterization of triacylglycerols of edible oils and fats. Triacylglycerols were separated according to the acyl carbon number and the degree of unsaturation on a 25% cyanopropyl/25% phenyl/50% methylpolysiloxane stationary phase. Valuable information concerning the triacylglycerol composition of berry oils was obtained, despite the overlapping of certain triacylglycerol peaks. Simultaneous analysis of fat‐soluble vitamins and triacylglycerols is not practical by capillary SFC with flame‐ionization detection because of the low concentration of naturally‐occurring fat‐soluble vitamins in edible oils. Therefore, higher loading of the sample, which led to overloading of triacylglycerols, was required to get reasonable peaks for fat‐soluble vitamins. The method was applied to the characterization of triacylglycerols and tocopherols in sea buckthorn pulp and seed oil, and cloudberry seed oil without any sample purification prior to SFC. In addition, the stationary phase proved useful for separating the more complex mixtures of triacylglycerols found in milk fat and in fish oil.
[Superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn) in cutaneous application in the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis]. (1994)

The aim of the paper consists to select criterias of the therapeutic effect of superoxide-dismutase (PEG-SOD) administrated as an ointment twice a day for 3 months. An original scoring method including qualitative and quantitative data was set up in order to appreciate the importance of the fibrosis and its variations when under local administration of PEG-SOD. Clinical and paraclinical controls were made as T0, T1 (6 weeks), T2 (3 months), T3 (6 months). After 6 months, results enabled us to show PEG-SOD in its galenic form was efficient on radiofibrosis with a 41% score reduction compared to pretreatment score T0, thus an improvement of nearly half of the potential theoretical recovery. The therapeutic efficiency was greater on the most recent fibrosis and there was a chronological order to the different recovery stages. After 6 weeks of administration pains were reduced or stopped; then after 3 months of treatment fibrous texture broke up and softened. An effective reduction of the surface as well as lightened of the pigmentation would not usually start until the 4th month after the start of treatment. PEG-SOD is thus an enzyme the therapeutic interest of which offers interesting prospects. The score which was set up enable a fair evaluation of the intensity and the variations of the treated fibrosis. A prospective study is currently on going in order to research the biological conditions in which the enzyme reacts.
Selecting neural network architectures via the prediction risk: application to corporate bond rating prediction (2002)

The notion of generalization can be defined precisely as the prediction risk, the expected performance of an estimator on new observations. The authors propose the prediction risk as a measure of the generalization ability of multi-layer perceptron networks and use it to select the optimal network architecture. The prediction risk must be estimated from the available data. The authors approximate the prediction risk by v-fold cross-validation and asymptotic estimates of generalized cross-validation or H. Akaike's (1970) final prediction error. They apply the technique to the problem of predicting corporate bond ratings. This problem is very attractive as a case study, since it is characterized by the limited availability of the data and by the lack of complete a priori information that could be used to impose a structure to the network architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Asymptotic analysis of optimum and sub-optimum CDMA downlink MMSE receivers (2002)

International audience
Towards Photo-Realistic Virtual Try-On by Adaptively Generating↔Preserving Image Content (2020)

Image visual try-on aims at transferring a target clothes image onto a reference person, and has become a hot topic in recent years. Prior arts usually focus on preserving the character of a clothes image (e.g. texture, logo, embroidery) when warping it to arbitrary human pose. However, it remains a big challenge to generate photo-realistic try-on images when large occlusions and human poses are presented in the reference person. To address this issue, we propose a novel visual try-on network, namely Adaptive Content Generating and Preserving Network (ACGPN). In particular, ACGPN first predicts semantic layout of the reference image that will be changed after try-on (e.g.long sleeve shirt→arm, arm→jacket), and then determines whether its image content needs to be generated or preserved according to the predicted semantic layout, leading to photo-realistic try-on and rich clothes details. ACGPN generally involves three major modules. First, a semantic layout generation module utilizes semantic segmentation of the reference image to progressively predict the desired semantic layout after try-on. Second, a clothes warping module warps clothes image according to the generated semantic layout, where a second-order difference constraint is introduced to stabilize the warping process during training.Third, an inpainting module for content fusion integrates all information (e.g. reference image, semantic layout, warped clothes) to adaptively produce each semantic part of human body. In comparison to the state-of-the-art methods, ACGPN can generate photo-realistic images with much better perceptual quality and richer fine-details.
Stereocomplexed polylactides (Neo‐PLA) as high‐performance bio‐based polymers: their formation, properties, and application (2006)

Abstract Polymeric materials prepared from renewable natural resources are now being accepted as “bio‐based polymers”, because they are superior to the conventional petroleum‐based polymers in reducing the emission of carbon dioxide. Among them, poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) prepared by fermentation and polymerization is paid an immediate attention. Although PLLA exhibits a broad range of physico‐chemical properties, its thermal and mechanical properties are somewhat poorer for use as ordinary structural materials. For improving these inferior properties, a stereocomplex form consisting of PLLA and its enantiomer poly( D ‐lactide) (PDLA) has high potential because of showing high melting nature (230 °C). It can be formed by simple polymer blend of PLLA and PDLA or more easily with stereoblock polylactides (sb‐PLA) which are PLLA/PDLA block copolymers. These novel PLA polymers, named “Neo‐PLA”, can provide a wide range of properties that have never be attained with single PLLA. Neo‐PLA retains sustainability or bio‐based nature, because both monomers L ‐ and D ‐lactic acids are manufactured from starch by fermentation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Volume-sensitive Chloride Channel Activity Does Not Depend on Endogenous P-glycoprotein (1995)

To determine whether endogenous P-glycoprotein, the MDR1 gene product that functions as a drug transport pump, is a volume-sensitive Cl- channel molecule or a protein kinase C-mediated regulator of the Cl- channel, whole-cell patch-clamp and molecular biological experiments were carried out in a human small intestinal epithelial cell line. Endogenous expression of P-glycoprotein was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunostaining. The P-glycoprotein expression was abolished by the antisense (but not sense) oligonucleotide for the MDR1 gene, whereas the magnitude of the Cl- current activated by osmotic swelling was not distinguishable between both antisense- and sense-treated cells. The volume-sensitive Cl- currents were not specifically affected by the anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies, MRK16, C219, and UIC2. An inhibitor of P-glycoprotein-mediated pump activity, verapamil, was found to never affect the Cl- current. A substrate for the P-glycoprotein-mediated drug pump, vincristine or daunomycin, did not prevent swelling-induced activation of the Cl- current. Furthermore, the Cl- current was not affected by an activator of protein kinase C (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol). Thus, it is concluded that the endogenous P-glycoprotein molecule is not itself a volume-sensitive Cl- channel nor a protein kinase C-mediated regulator of the channel in the human epithelial cells.
Size and Composition Distribution of Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Motor Vehicles (2000)

A dilution source sampling system is augmented to measure the size-distributed chemical composition of fine particle emissions from motor vehicles. Measurements are made using an optical particle counter (OPC), a differential mobility analyzer (DMA)/condensation nucleus counter (CNC) combination, and a pair of microorifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDIs). The sources tested with this system include catalyst-equipped gasoline-powered light-duty vehicles, noncatalyst gasoline-powered light-duty vehicles, and medium-duty diesel trucks. Chemical composition analysis demonstrates that particles emitted from the gasoline-powered vehicles tested are largely composed of organic compounds while particles emitted from diesel engines contain roughly equal amounts of organic compounds and elemental carbon. The particle mass distributions from all mobile sources tested have a single mode that peaks at approximately 0.1−0.2 μm particle diameter. Of the two diesel vehicles tested, the vehicle with the lowest fine particle emissions rate released the largest number of ultrafine particles, a finding similar to that of Bagley et al. (Characterization of fuel and aftertreatment device effects on diesel emissions; Technical Report 76; Health Effects Institute: Cambridge, MA, 1996). Particle size distribution measurements taken throughout the FTP urban driving cycle used to test all of the vehicles described in this paper reveal that particulate mass emission rates and particulate size distributions from the vehicles tested here are similar during the cold start and hot start segments of the driving cycle.
Mixed trends mark second-quarter activity (1975)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMixed trends mark second-quarter activityAlthough some chemical firms' sales and earnings were up from first quarter, most were lower than in second-quarter 1974FALLWELL WILLIAM F.View Author Information C&EN, New YorkCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1975, 53, 31, 11–12Publication Date (Print):August 4, 1975Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 4 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v053n031.p011https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v053n031.p011newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1975 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Fibers,Plastics Get e-Alerts
Quest for Novel Chemical Entities through Incorporation of Silicon in Drug Scaffolds (2017)

In order to optimize a lead molecule for further development, bioisosteric replacements are generally adopted as one of the strategies. Silicon appears to be the right choice as a carbon isostere because of the similarity in chemical properties. Silicon can be strategically introduced in a molecule to modulate its druglike properties, providing medicinal chemists with an unconventional strategy for replacing a carbon atom. Silicon can also be introduced to replace other heteroatoms and can act as a surrogate of functional groups such as olefin and amide as well. The present Perspective focuses on the opportunities that silicon incorporation offers in drug discovery, with an emphasis on case studies where introduction of silicon has created a benefit over its analog. We have tried to highlight all the recent developments in the field and briefly discuss the challenges associated with them.