gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone resorbing activity of gingiva from beagle dogs following metronidazole and indomethacin therapy (1981)

Twenty‐four beagle dogs were divided into three groups of eight dogs each. Periodontitis was induced in three of the denial quadrants of each dog using wire ligatures while one quadrant was not ligaled and was kept cleaned. One group of dogs received no additional treatment, one group received systemic metronidazole and the third group received systemic indomethacin. The in vitro bone resorbing activity of extracts from freeze dried gingiva from the groups was compared. Extracts of gingiva from ligaled teeth produced significant bone resorption. Metronidazole treatment suppressed this ligature‐induced bone resorbing activity while indomethacin had no effect. Extracts from gingiva from around clean non‐ligated teeth had somewhat less activity than extracts from gingiva of ligaled teeth, although some significant resorption remained in all treatment groups. Bacterial cultures from melronidazoletreated groups showed a change from a predominantly Gram negative obligatory anerobic flora ( B. assacharolyticus ), to one predominated by Gram negative, facultative anaerobes ( Capnocytophaga and Campylobacter ). It was concluded that metronidazole suppressed bone resorbing activity by inducing a change in the flora of the gingival crevice.
Higher-order dispersion compensation to enable a 36 μs wavelength-maintaining delay of a 100 Gb/s DQPSK signal (2010)

We demonstrate a method for dispersion slope compensation of a conversion/dispersion-based optical delay to enable 100 Gb/s operation based on a spatial light modulator and fiber Bragg gratings. A continuous delay of up to 3.6 micros for 100, 80, and 20 Gb/s differential quadrature phase-shift-keyed (DQSPK) and 50, 40, and 10 Gb/s differential phase-shift-keyed (DPSK) waveforms is shown. A time-delay bit-rate product of approximately 360,000 for 100 Gb/s DQPSK with wavelength-maintaining operation is achieved.
Aliasing on the world wide web (2002)

Aliasing occurs in Web transactions when requests containing different URLs elicit replies containing identical data payloads. Conventional caches associate stored data with URLs and can therefore suffer redundant payload transfers due to aliasing and other causes. Existing research literature, however, says little about the prevalence of aliasing in user-initiated transactions, or about redundant payload transfers in conventional Web cache hierarchies.This paper quantifies the extent of aliasing and the performance impact of URL-indexed cache management using a large client trace from WebTV Networks. Fewer than 5% of reply payloads are aliased (referenced via multiple URLs) but over 54% of successful transactions involve aliased payloads. Aliased payloads account for under 3.1% of the trace's "working set size" (sum of payload sizes) but over 36% of bytes transferred. For the WebTV workload, roughly 10% of payload transfers to browser caches and 23% of payload transfers to a shared proxy are redundant, assuming infinite-capacity conventional caches. Our analysis of a large proxy trace from Compaq Corporation yields similar results.URL-indexed caching does not entirely explain the large number of redundant proxy-to-browser payload transfers previously reported in the WebTV system. We consider other possible causes of redundant transfers (e.g., reply metadata and browser cache management policies) and discuss a simple hop-by-hop protocol extension that completely eliminates all redundant transfers, regardless of cause.
Operating primitives supporting traffic regulation and control of mobile robots under distributed robotic systems (2002)

Two distributed operating primitives (1 out of N and deadlock detection) are presented to support fully distributed traffic regulation and control for multiple autonomous mobile robots operating in a 2-D discrete network consisting of passage segments, intersections and terminals, all of which are of only finite capacity. In consistency with the model of distributed robotic systems (DRS), no centralized mechanism, synchronized clock, shared memory or ground support is assumed. It is shown that simple, low bandwidth inter-robot communication is only required among a finite, small number of spatially adjacent robotic units. The correctness of these two distributed algorithms are provable.
WITH: a system to write clinical trials using XML and RDBMS. (2002)

The paper illustrates the system WITH (Write on Internet clinical Trials in Haematology) which supports the writing of a clinical trial (CT) document. The requirements of this system have been defined analysing the writing process of a CT and then modelling the content of its sections together with their logical and temporal relationships. The system WITH allows: a) editing the document text; b) re-using the text; and c) facilitating the cooperation and the collaborative writing. It is based on XML mark-up language, and on a RDBMS. This choice guarantees: a) process standardisation; b) process management; c) efficient delivery of information-based tasks; and d) explicit focus on process design.
Immunity to heat-labile enterotoxins of porcine and human Escherichia coli strains achieved with synthetic cholera toxin peptides (1986)

Antiserum to a synthetic peptide, CTP3, consisting of residues 50 to 64 of the B subunit of cholera enterotoxin (CT), a sequence which is conserved in heat-labile enterotoxins from Escherichia coli strains of human (H-LT) or porcine (P-LT) origin, cross-reacted with and neutralized all three enterotoxins. It also cross-reacted with genetically engineered chimeric B subunit proteins in which H-LT amino acids had been substituted for the corresponding residues in P-LT. Antisera against another CT peptide, CTP1, consisting of residues 8 to 20, were weakly cross-reactive with H-LT but not with P-LT, whereas antisera against four other CT peptides were not cross-reactive with the heterologous enterotoxins. A single dose of CTP3-linked tetanus toxoid, by itself nonimmunogenic, primed rabbits to a vigorous immune response to subsequent administration of single, small, subimmunizing doses of any of the three enterotoxins.
Representation of Non-ASCII Text in Internet Message Headers (1992)

handling software, and to be easily implemented in mail readers that support RFC 1341.
An Improved Classification Strategy for Filtering Relevant Tweets Using Bag-of-Word Classifiers (2013)

In this paper we have presented a classification framework for classifying tweets relevant to some specific target sectors. Due to the imposed length restriction on an individual tweet, tweet classification faces some additional challenges which are not present in most other short text classification problems, needless to say in classification of standard written text. Hence, bag-of-word classifiers, which have been successfully leveraged for text classification in other domains, fail to achieve a similar level of accuracy in classifying tweets. In this paper, we have proposed a collocation feature selection algorithm for tweet classification. Moreover, we have proposed a strategy, built on our selected collocation features, for identifying and removing confounding outliers from a training set. An Evaluation on two real world datasets shows that the proposed model yields a better accuracy than the unigram model, uni-bigram model and also a partially supervised topic model on two different classification tasks.
Kinetics of inflammation and sarcoma cell development in primary moloney sarcoma‐virus‐induced tumors (1981)

Abstract The kinetics of ‘sarcoma’ cell appearance and inflammatory cell infiltration into primary Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV)‐induced tumors has been studied in normal and partially immunosuppressed anti‐lymphocyte‐globulin (ALG)‐treated A/WySn mice. The ALG treatment facilitated an earlier appearance of gp70‐positive ‘sarcoma’ cells accompanied by an intense inflammatory response. Time course pulse‐labelling studies showed that a decreasing proportion of gp70‐positive ‘sarcoma’ cells were incorporating [ 3 H]‐thymidine in vivo in both normal and immunosuppressed mice as the lesion progressed to maximum size. ALG‐treated mice inoculated with MSV were given a single injection of [ 3 H]‐thymidine immediately prior to extensive appearance of gp70‐positive ‘sarcoma’ cells (day 6) and were studied for the presence of labelled gp70‐positive cells 2 h, 2 days and 6 days post labelling. The data indicate that few cells divided during the time in which an 8‐ to 10‐fold increase in virus‐positive ‘sarcoma’ cell number occurred. These experiments provide evidence that recruitment rather than proliferation of virus‐positive cells occurred. The results also suggest that, within the tumor, defense mechanisms develop which restrict sarcomacell proliferation also in ALG‐treated mice. The composition of inflammatory cells during the course of tumor progression and regression in the uncompromised mice revealed that the proportion of lymphocytes was highest early and late during tumor development, dropping to a minimum at the peak size of the tumor. Macrophages and granulocytes constituted 70–80% of the total cells recovered at peak tumor size and the onset of regression. In the ALG‐treated mice, the proportions of macrophages, granulocytes, and infrequent lymphocytes remained constant throughout the duration of the tumor progression. A decrease in total cells, including a decrease in gp70‐positive cells, was noticed before a change in the proportion of infiltrating lymphocytes occurred due to recovery of the immune system. The composition of the inflammatory cells at onset of regression suggests that macrophages and granulocytes are of major importance in the defense against MSV infection.
Influence of crystallography and purity on brightness of LaB6 cathodes (1976)

The brightness of single-crystal cathodes of LaB6 oriented in the 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉 directions and six other random directions has been measured. The 〈111〉 cathodes produced currents and brightnesses significantly lower than all other orientations. The other orientations studied produced maximum brightnesses in the range 0.7–1.0 MA/cm2 sr, although the 〈100〉 orientation consistently produced currents higher than other orientations and brightnesses as high or higher than most orientations. A change in impurity level from 1540 ppm to less than 1 ppm had no statistical effect on brightness for crystals of the same orientation.
Interactions between Glucose and Inorganic Carbon Metabolism in <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Strain UAM 101 (1991)

Chlorella vulgaris strain UAM 101 has been isolated from the effluent of a sugar refinery. This alga requires glucose to achieve maximal growth rate even under light saturating conditions. The growth rate of cultures grown on light + CO(2) + glucose (3.16 per day) reaches the sum of those grown on light + CO(2) (1.95 per day) and on dark + glucose (1.20 per day). Unlike other Chlorella strains, uptake of glucose (about 2 micromoles per milligram dry weight per hour) was induced to the same extent in the light and dark and was not photosensitive. The rate of dark respiration was not affected by light and was strongly stimulated by the presence of glucose (up to about 40% in 4 hours). The rate of photosynthetic O(2) evolution was measured as a function of the CO(2) concentration. These experiments were conducted with cells which experienced different concentrations of CO(2) or glucose during growth. The maximal photosynthetic rate was inhibited severely by growing the cells in the presence of glucose. A rather small difference in the apparent photosynthetic affinity for extracellular inorganic carbon (from 10-30 micromolar) was found between cells grown under low and high CO(2). Growth with glucose induced a reduction in the apparent affinity (45 micromolar) even though cells had not been provided with CO(2). Experiments performed at different pH values indicate CO(2) as the major carbon species taken from the medium by Chlorella vulgaris UAM 101.
Fluorescent Cyclodextrins for Molecule Sensing:  Fluorescent Properties, NMR Characterization, and Inclusion Phenomena of <i>N</i>-Dansylleucine-Modified Cyclodextrins (1996)

Fluorophore−amino acid−cyclodextrin (CD) triad systems, N-dansyl-l-leucine-modified and N-dansyl-d-leucine-modified β-CD (1, 2) and N-dansyl-l-leucine-modified and N-dansyl-d-leucine-modified γ-CD (3, 4), were synthesized and characterized as fluorescent indicators of molecular recognition. Fluorescence decay analyses of these CD derivatives indicated that there exist two lifetime components, being in equilibrium with each other in aqueous solution, with the dansyl moiety included in its own cavity (self-inclusion) for the larger lifetime component while located outside the cavity for the shorter lifetime one. The structural analyses of β-CD derivatives 1 and 2 undertaken by combined use of 1D and 2D NMR spectra indicate that the dansyl moiety of 2 is more deeply included in the CD cavity than that of 1. The leucine residue between the dansyl and the CD moieties of these hosts was more effective in enhancing the binding abilities for various guests when compared with the glycine residue of the corresponding hosts. The difference in the enantiomeric configuration of the leucine residue caused the difference in the binding constants with larger values for 1 than 2 and with the opposite trend for the γ-CD derivatives 3 and 4. Upon guest addition, the fluorescence intensities of 1 and 2 decreased, reflecting the exclusion of the dansyl moiety from inside to outside of the β-CD cavity, while the fluorescence intensities of the γ-CD derivatives 3 and 4 depended on the guest as shown by the increase induced by cyclohexanol and the decrease by (−)-borneol and other larger guests. These guest-responsive variations of the fluorescence intensity enabled these hosts to be used as effective fluorescent indicators of molecular recognition.
Instrumenting contracts with aspect-oriented programming to increase observability and support debugging (2005)

In this paper we report on how aspect-oriented programming (AOP), using AspectJ, can be employed to automatically and efficiently instrument contracts and invariants in Java. The paper focuses on the templates to instrument preconditions, postconditions, and class invariants, and the necessary instrumentation for compliance-checking to the Liskov substitution principle.
Influence of formycin B on polyadenosine diphosphoribose synthesis in vitro and in vivo. (1975)

Formycin B inhibited growth of L5178Y mouse leukemia cells in concentrations of less than twice the concentration that inhibits cell proliferation at 50% by cytostasis; at higher concentrations (more than twice the 50% concentration mentioned), the cells were killed. In cells treated with the concentration that inhibits cell proliferation at 50%, the average cell volume did not change. The formycin B inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was reduced by coincubation with nicotinamide adenine diphosphate or adenosine. The biosyntheses of DNA,RNA, and protein in whole cells were sensitively inhibited by formycin B as checked by incorporation studies with radioactive precursors. In addition, the formation of polyadenosine diphosphoribose was reduced even with higher sensitivity; in particular the extent of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of histone subfraction H1 was reduced. Formycin B has been shown to be an inhibitor for the polyadenosine diphosphoribose polymerase, isolated from oviduct nuclei of quails. Both the chromatin-bound and the soluble enzyme are inhibited competitively; the relative affinity (Ki/Km) of formycin B to the polyadenosine diphosphoribose polymerase is 1.5.
Polarization-sensitive surface plasmon Schottky detectors (1989)

A polarization detector based on the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on the periodically corrugated metal surface of Schottky structures is presented. The surface modes are only excited by light having the appropriate polarization; they are leaky at the metal-semiconductor interface and are thus radiated into the semiconductor, where they generate charge carriers. By this mechanism the photocurrent of the device is enhanced and depends strongly on the polarization angle of the incident light. By use of two detectors with different grating orientations the polarization of the light can be determined unambiguously.
Rescue of failed filtering blebs with ab interno trephination (2006)

We evaluated the effectiveness of ab interno automated trephination as a technique for rescuing failed mature filtering blebs. A retrospective chart review of 40 failed blebs of 38 patients who had a posttrephination follow-up period of at least 3 months was done. With success defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <21 mm Hg and at least a 20% reduction from baseline on the same or fewer number of pretrephination medications, 30/40 eyes (75%) fit these criteria over the entire course of follow-up. Among all 40 eyes, there was a significant reduction of IOP from pretrephination to 3 months (P<.001). The percentage of patients requiring 2 or more medications declined from 90% pretrephination to 21% at 3 months (P<.0001), and was stable thereafter. Some patients were able to eliminate all medications. Patients who did not meet the criteria of success regained successful IOP control with other modalities of management. Complications were few. We believe that ab interno trephination is an excellent option for rescuing selected failed filtering blebs.
Regulation of platelet granule exocytosis by S-nitrosylation (2005)

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates platelet activation by cGMP-dependent mechanisms and by mechanisms that are not completely defined. Platelet activation includes exocytosis of platelet granules, releasing mediators that regulate interactions between platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. Exocytosis is mediated in part by N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), an ATPase that disassembles complexes of soluble NSF attachment protein receptors. We now demonstrate that NO inhibits exocytosis of dense granules, lysosomal granules, and alpha-granules from human platelets by S-nitrosylation of NSF. Platelets lacking endothelial NO synthase show increased rolling on venules, increased thrombosis in arterioles, and increased exocytosis in vivo. Regulation of exocytosis is thus a mechanism by which NO regulates thrombosis.
Reorganization of the Cytoskeleton by Interferon in MSV-Transformed Cells* (1981)

beta and gamma interferons were found to enhance the organization of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and fibronectin in the murine sarcoma virus (MSV)-transformed cell line. Furthermore, both interferons increased the number of intermediate-type junctions. Sodium butyrate was also found to act in a similar way and, when associated with interferon, an additive effect was observed. In the cell line, cultured for many passages in the presence of beta interferon (MSV-IF+), the cytoskeletal network and the extra-cellular matrix were highly developed and were reminiscent of a normal cell. These results could explain some of the biological actions of interferon, such as increased cell adhesion to the substratum and decreased cell motility.
Symptoms with acid and nonacid reflux may be produced by different mechanisms (2009)

Twenty-four-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH) esophageal monitoring detects both acid and nonacid gastroesophageal reflux episodes. The MII-pH catheter contains six impedance segments placed 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, and 17 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). A pH electrode at 5 cm above the LES identifies the type of reflux, i.e. acid or nonacid. Patients with acid and nonacid reflux exhibit typical and atypical symptoms often within 5 min following a reflux episode. The aim of this study is to compare the timing of symptoms after reflux episodes in patients with acid and nonacid reflux. Methods include a review of 70 MII-pH tracings (42 females, mean age 40, range 18-85 years) either on (50 points) or off (20 points) acid suppression therapy. Typical (heartburn, regurgitation) and atypical (cough) symptoms with acid or nonacid reflux episodes detected by impedance were analyzed. Symptoms were considered positive with acid reflux if there was a pH drop to <4, plus an MII detected a reflux episode and with nonacid reflux if pH remained >4 and MII detected a reflux episode. The timing of the symptom after each reflux episode was recorded. Symptom perception occurred significantly sooner after acid versus nonacid reflux (P < 0.05). Acid reflux episodes are more likely to be perceived in the first 2 min following the reflux episode. Patients with acid reflux are likely to perceive symptoms earlier, and symptoms with acid and nonacid reflux may be produced by different mechanisms.
Additive-free synthesis of 3D porous V2O5 hierarchical microspheres with enhanced lithium storage properties (2013)

A facile synthesis of novel 3D porous V2O5 hierarchical microspheres has been developed, based on an additive-free solvothermal method and subsequent calcination. Due to their unique structure, these V2O5 microspheres display a very stable capacity retention of 130 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles at a current rate of 0.5 C, and show excellent rate capability with a capacity of 105 mA h g−1 even at the 30 C rate. The good electrochemical performance suggests that this unique hierarchical V2O5 material could be a promising candidate as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Investigation of Pre-stall Mode and Pip Inception in High-Speed Compressors Through the Use of Correlation Integral (1999)

Five high-speed compressor configurations are used to identify pre-stall pressure signal activity under clean and distorted inlet conditions, and under steady injection and controlled injection conditions. Through the use of a nonlinear statistic called correlation integral, variations in the compressor dynamics are identified from the pre-stall pressure activity far before variations (modal or pip) are observed visually in the wall static pressure measurements. The correlation integral not only discerns changing dynamics of these compressors prior to stall, but is now used to measure the strength of the tip flow field for these five high-speed compressors. Results show that correlation integral value changes dramatically when the stall inception is modal; and it changes less severely when the stall inception is through pip disturbances. This algorithm can therefore distinguish from the pre-stall pressure traces when a machine is more likely to stall due to pips versus modes. When used in this manner, the correlation integral thus provides a measure of tip flow strength. The algorithm requires no predisposition about the expected behavior of the data in order to detect changing dynamics in the compressor; thus, no pre-filtering is necessary. However, by band-pass filtering the data, one can monitor changing dynamics in the tip flow field for various frequency regimes. An outcome of this is to associate changes in correlation integral value directly with frequency specific events occurring in the compressor, i.e., blade length scale events versus long length scale acoustic events. The correlation integral provides a potential advantage over linear spectral techniques because a single sensor is used for detection and analysis of the instabilities.