gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A global optimization approach for Lennard-Jones microclusters (1992)

A global optimization approach is proposed for finding the global minimum energy configuration of Lennard-Jones microclusters. First, the original nonconvex total potential energy function, composed by rational polynomials, is transformed to the difference of two convex functions (DC transformation) via a novel procedure performed for each pair potential that constitute the total potential energy function. Then, a decomposition strategy based on the global optimization (GOP) algorithm [C. A. Floudas and V. Visweswaran, Comput. Chem. Eng. 14, 1397 (1990); V. Visweswaran and C. A. Floudas, ibid. 14, 1419 (1990); Proc. Process Systems Eng. 1991, I.6.1; C. A. Floudas and V. Visweswaran, J. Opt. Theory Appl. (in press)] is designed to provide tight bounds on the global minimum through the solutions of a sequence of relaxed dual subproblems. A number of theoretical results are included which expedite the computational effort by exploiting the special mathematical structure of the problem. The proposed approach attains ε convergence to the global minimum in a finite number of iterations. Based on this procedure, global optimum solutions are generated for small microclusters n≤7. For larger clusters 8≤N≤24 tight lower and upper bounds on the global solution are provided serving as excellent initial points for local optimization approaches. Finally, improved lower bounds on the minimum interparticle distance at the global minimum are provided.
Acrosin Activity of Human Spermatozoa by Means of a Simple Gelatinolytic Technique: A Method Useful for IVF (1995)

Acrosin activity was determined using a gelatinolysis technique in 100-microliter semen aliquots of 114 patients (normozoospermia, n = 90; asthenozoospermia, n = 12; oligozoospermia, n = 10; polyzoospermia, n = 2) attending an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. Halo diameter, halo formation rate, and a calculated acrosin activity index correlated significantly with the IVF rates (P = 0.0054, r = 0.396; P = 0.0009, r = 0.401; and P = 0.0003, r = 0.428, respectively). In cases where the halo diameter was < 10 microns and halo formation rate was < 60%, all patients were subfertile or infertile, that is, they showed poor or no fertilization in vitro, respectively. The assay demonstrated a relatively low sensitivity: 25.7% for halo diameter, 37.1% for halo formation rate, and 25.7% for acrosin activity index, respectively. This might be attributed to other sperm functional aspects, such as disturbed acrosome reaction or impaired zona binding.
Low-loss SAW filters using new SPUDT structures (2002)

The new SPUDT structures based on triple electrode sections (TES) per wavelength with the period between SAW sources about n/spl lambda//3 are presented. The simulation technique which accounts for second order effects has been developed within the framework of modified equivalent circuit model. The SPUDT structures have been implemented in filters with 0.1-3.2% bandwidths fabricated on quartz and LiTaO/sub 3/ substrates. The results of simulation have been verified experimentally and show that insertion loss of TES SPUDT filters is less by 1.0-1.5 dB than that in conventional SPUDT filters. The impedance frequency dependence becomes more symmetrical and the passband distortions are reduced. Stopband rejection is 50-60 dB.
Adaptive Multitemporal SAR Image Filtering Based on the Change Detection Matrix (2014)

This letter presents an adaptive filtering approach of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image times series based on the analysis of the temporal evolution. First, change detection matrices (CDMs) containing information on changed and unchanged pixels are constructed for each spatial position over the time series by implementing coefficient of variation (CV) cross tests. Afterward, the CDM provides for each pixel in each image an adaptive spatiotemporal neighborhood, which is used to derive the filtered value. The proposed approach is illustrated on a time series of 25 ascending TerraSAR-X images acquired from November 6, 2009 to September 25, 2011 over the Chamonix-Mont-Blanc test-site, which includes different kinds of change, such as parking occupation, glacier surface evolution, etc.
Nanoparticle‐Enabled Selective Electrodeposition (2011)

Electrodeposition of a material onto a conducting substrate with strong adhesion and exceptional uniformity through the use of platinum nanoparticles as the seed layer is reported. The use of platinum nanoparticles also creates an optimum voltage range to selectively electroplate various metals on substrate into areas seeded with the nanoparticles.
Sweet taste in apple: the role of sorbitol, individual sugars, organic acids and volatile compounds (2017)

Sweetness is one of the main drivers of consumer preference, and thus is given high priority in apple breeding programmes. Due to the complexity of sweetness evaluation, soluble solid content (SSC) is commonly used as an estimation of this trait. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that SSC and sweet taste are poorly correlated. Though individual sugar content may vary greatly between and within apple cultivars, no previous study has tried to investigate the relationship between the amount of individual sugars, or ratios of these, and apple sweetness. In this work, we quantified the major sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose) and sorbitol and explored their influence on perceived sweetness in apple; we also related this to malic acid content, SSC and volatile compounds. Our data confirmed that the correlation between sweetness and SSC is weak. We found that sorbitol content correlates (similarly to SSC) with perceived sweetness better than any other single sugar or total sugar content. The single sugars show no differentiable importance in determining apple sweetness. Our predictive model based on partial least squares regression shows that after sorbitol and SSC, the most important contribution to apple sweetness is provided by several volatile compounds, mainly esters and farnesene.
Accumulation of amplified target DNAs using thiol/biotin labeling, S1 nuclease, and ferrocene–streptavidin–magnetic system and a direct detection of specific DNA signals with screen printed gold electrode (2007)

Combinations of PCR-based amplification platform using 5’ thiolated and biotinylated specific primers, S1 nuclease–PCR products treatment, ferrocene–streptavidin (Fc–Stv)–magnetic binding for DNA accumulation, and screen printed gold electrode for the DNA allocation, were applied to Hoechst 33258-induced DNA aggregation and signals induction system for direct signals detection and DNA quantification in food samples. Thiolated and biotinylated at each 5’ terminus enabled DNA purification through S1 nuclease treatment for primers and non-specific DNA elimination and enabled DNA trapping with a ferrocene–streptavidin–magnetic system. This facilitated the accumulation of target DNAs at higher concentration, resulting in enhanced signals. After allocation of DNA on the surface of gold electrode via thiol binding, intensity of DNA signals through these treatments could be measured directly after being induced by Hoechst 33258. Wider amplitude changes in anodic current peaks between negative and positive samples (increasing from 3.70 to 10.10 μA) compared with those applied with no treatment combinations (decreasing from 3.92 to 1.23 μA) were observed. This enhancement of the signals allowed a greater efficiency of DNA quantification. When this combination was used for GMOs content estimation in reference samples, results revealed an improved accuracy from 66% to 96%. The combined biosensor system, although more costly than the standard Hoechst 33258/carbon electrode system, provided an alternative choice for DNA quantification, offering labor-free immobilization of probe onto electrode surface, easy test administration, and efficient semi-quantitative test without expensive instruments.
25 years of HIV research on virology, virus restriction, immunopathogenesis, genes and vaccines (2008)

From 19 to 21 May 2008 an important meeting was held at the Pasteur Institute in Paris to mark the 25th Anniversary of the discovery of HIV as the aetiological agent of AIDS. This review summarizes the historical findings, recent work and future directions presented at this meeting.
An analog predistortion integrated circuit for linearizing power amplifiers (2002)

An analog polynomial distortion circuit is designed for linearizing the response of power amplifiers. The circuit implements a fifth order complex-valued polynomial distortion function that can be used to cancel the intermodulation products created in a non-linear power amplifier. The distortion circuit has a bandwidth of 150 MHz and a modulation bandwidth of 40 MHz. It is intended for baseband or IF applications. Measured results for a class A amplifier show 10 to 30 dB reduction in IM sidebands.
Independent-Gate Controlled Asymmetrical SRAM Cells in Double-Gate MOSFET Technology for Improved READ Stability (2006)

This paper presents novel asymmetrical SRAM cell topologies in double-gate technology. These cells utilize the independent-gate control to overcome the limitation of conventional device sizing for stability improvement in asymmetrical SRAM cells. We show that optimal READ stability, where the READ stability approaches the HOLD stability, can be achieved with the proposed scheme. Mixed-mode device/circuit simulations show that the proposed cell has 1.9X stability improvement over conventional SRAM and 1.5X stability improvement over asymmetrical SRAM with device sizing only
Overlay of patient-specific anatomical data for advanced navigation in surgery simulation (2010)

This paper introduces a method to integrate patient specific anatomical image data into our surgery simulation. The image data can be used to plan the next steps within the simulated surgery intervention. The anatomical images are presented with in anatomical directions, but also plane parallel and orthogonal. The camera orthogonal view is intended to give an overview over the operational field and to explore the anatomical structures for the current point of view. The plane parallel view is used to recognize changes of tissue in the direction of infiltration to avoid injuries during interaction. We support basic histogram manipulation and augmentation in real time by using advanced rendering techniques, no additional computation time is required during rendering. The presented method supports apprenticeship and training of surgeons when interacting within a simulated intervention, but is also useful for the training of the interpretation of the medical images, because the anatomical data and the related images can be explored without any risk to the patient. With the introduction of target points to mark and augment regions of interests we support advanced guidance to those points, whereas the location of the augmentation is visible within multiple viewports.
The Nature of the Age Decrement in Performance on Dichotic Listening Tasks (1965)

Previous experimental work has shown that when subjects of different ages are presented with a series of dichotic digits (as two simultaneous half-sets, one to each ear) there is an age decrement in the reproduction of the second half-set. It has been suggested that this result is due to the second half-set being involved in a short-term storage process and that this process declines in efficiency with age. It seemed equally possible however that the result was due to perceptual or attentional factors rather than memory factors. Two experiments were thus carried out in an attempt to specify the nature of the decrement. In the first, instructions as to which half-set to reproduce first were given before presentation of the digits. In the second experiment attention was equally divided between the ears by giving these instructions after presentation. An analysis of types of error in the first experiment suggested that attentional factors were more important but from a similar analysis in the second experiment it was concluded that memory factors were largely responsible for the age decrement.
Spread of a "Pseudomonas-specific" beta-lactamase to plasmids of enterobacteria (1982)

Eleven isolates including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Shigella sonnei, obtained in Brazil, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand, and the United States, were found to produce beta-lactamase of the PSE-1 type, which was previously considered to be Pseudomonas specific. The enterobacterial strains produced a beta-lactamase with the same isoelectric point, immunological reactions, and substrate profile as those of the prototype PSE-1 enzyme determined by Pseudomonas plasmid RPL11. The producer strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics, and all contained plasmids, ranging in size from 37 x 10(6) to 130 x 10(6), that belonged to at last six incompatibility groups. Plasmids of IncH2 and IncFIme were shown to contain 8 x 10(6)-molecular-weight transposons Tn1401 and Tn1402 that encoded PSE-1 beta-lactamase production, resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin via AAD(3"), and resistance to sulfonamide. PSE-1 beta-lactamase was not Pseudomonas specific and appeared to have spread among plasmids found in enterobacteria by transposition.
An adaptive UWB modulation scheme for optimization of energy, BER, and data rate (2004)

For many networks, different types of data require various QoS (quality of service) constraints such as bit error rate (BER), data rate, or energy dissipation. High data rate, low power dissipation, and simple RF circuitry make ultra wideband (UWB) an attractive technology to meet many QoS requirements. Typical UWB systems are built to meet QoS constraints even under the worst environmental conditions, although the worst environmental conditions occur infrequently. To prevent this waste of resources, we propose a UWB physical layer that adapts its modulation scheme to meet QoS requirements efficiently. The system employs m-ary PPM and adapts its pulse repetition interval (PRI) and/or the number of bits per symbol (log/sub 2/m). Compared to a non-adaptive system, the adaptive system can improve BER up to 50%, energy by 60%, or data rate by 260%.
Modeling and Calibrating a 4-wheel Skid-Steer Research Robot (2009)

Abstract : This report describes the calibration of a commercial Roboteq motor controller which was installed in an iRobot ATRV Jr research robot as part of a system upgrade. The objective of the calibration was to determine the transfer function between a command issued to the robot control system and the path followed by the robot and all relevant parameters. Implicit in the calibration is validation of the model on which the transfer function is based, which is a kinematic model of a 4-wheel skid-steer vehicle.
Changes in phenolic metabolites of Scots‐pine phloem induced by <i>Ophiostoma brunneo‐ciliatum,</i> a bark‐beetle‐associated fungus (1996)

Summary Changes in soluble phenol contents of Scots‐pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) phloem were studied after inoculation with Ophiostoma brunneo‐ciliatum , a fungus associated with Ips sexdentatus . They were compared to the length of the fungus‐induced reaction zone of the phloem, taken as an estimation for the trees' response efficiency against aggression. Five clones consisting of 14 trees were studied, and eight soluble phenolic metabolites were analysed in detail in reaction zones and in unwounded phloem sampled 3 weeks after inoculation. The stilbenes pinosylvin and pinosylvin monomethylether, and the flavonoid pinocembrin, were detected in reaction zones only. Concentrations of two p‐coumaric‐acid esters and an acetophenone glycoside decreased after inoculation. Variations of the flavonoids taxifolin and 3' taxifolin glucoside were inconsistent. One tree had longer reaction zones and a phenolic content different from the others. In unwounded phloem, concentrations of some phenolic compounds and in particular the ratio between the two p‐coumaric‐acid esters could be markers for trees' response efficiency. In the reaction zone, markers could be the ratios between concentrations of certain preformed compounds and concentrations of newly synthesized pinosylvin and pinocembrin.
Relay selection based on the log likelihood ratio for cooperative communication networks (2014)

This paper proposes a relay selection scheme for wireless cooperative communication systems (CCS) utilizing a decode and forward protocol. The proposed scheme is suitable for systems employing M-ary PSK modulation schemes. A single relay node is chosen to cooperate with the direct link in delivering the message signal. This choice is based on the absolute value of the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the received signal at each relay node. The proposed scheme is derived for BPSK and QPSK as illustrative examples. Numerical simulations are carried out and presented to evaluate the system performance. The bit-error-rate (BER) curves of the proposed scheme are evaluated for known and estimated channels and are compared to other relay selection methods. Channel estimation is performed by the least square algorithm. Convergence curves of known and estimated channels are employed to evaluate the performance of the estimation algorithm.
Corrosion Rates of Buried Pipelines Caused by Geomagnetic Storms (1999)

Telluric effects associated with geomagnetic field variations cause currents to flow in buried pipelines, which present a continuing problem for monitoring cathodic protection. Protection methods involving the application of a noncorrosive coating with cathodic protection should present the circulation of erratic currents. Nevertheless, often these currents cannot be compensated. During days of high geomagnetic activity, an excess of current that cannot be drained circulates along the pipe. This effect has a strong dependence on the electrical resistivity of the host soil, produces a strong current channeling along the pipes, and increases the risk of corrosion. A method was proposed to quantify the corrosion effects over the pipelines, assuming the geomagnetic field as the external source responsible for the erratic currents. Nondisturbed fields and geomagnetic storms were modeled and pipeline currents were calculated as a function of the characteristics of the soils and pipe sizes using a numerical code previously developed.
Diphilus (1910)

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Detection of endogenous magnetic nanoparticles with a tunnelling magneto resistance sensor (2010)

The magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum sp. has been cultured and the properties of its endogenous magnetic nanoparticles characterized. Electron-microscopic analyses indicate that the endogenous magnetite nanoparticles in Magnetospirillum sp. are coated with a 3-4 nm thick transparent shell, forming a magnetosome. These magnetite nanoparticles had diameters of 50.9+/-13.3 nm, in good agreement with the diameter of 40.6+/-1.2 nm extracted from magnetometry. Each Magnetospirillum sp. bacterium contained chains of 5-25 magnetosomes. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry results indicate that the extrinsic superparamagnetic response of the bacterial solution at room temperature can be attributed to the reversal of the magnetization by physical rotation of the nanoparticles. The intrinsic blocking temperature of a sample of freeze-dried bacteria was estimated to be 282+/-13 K. A tunnelling magneto resistance sensor was used to detect the stray fields of endogenous magnetic nanoparticles in static and quasi-dynamic modes. Based on the tunnelling magneto resistance sensor results, the magnetic moment per bacterium was estimated to be approximately 2.6 x 10(-13) emu. The feasibility of this detection method either as a mass-coverage device or as part of an integrated microfluidic circuit for detection and sorting of magnetosome-containing cells was demonstrated.
Manipulating the chemokine‐chemokine receptor network to treat cancer (2007)

Chemokines are chemoattractant cytokines that regulate the trafficking and activation of leukocytes and other cell types under a variety of inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions. Over the past few years, studies have increasingly shown that chemokines play an important role in several aspects of tumor progression. Tumor cells express functional chemokine receptors, which can sustain proliferation, angiogenesis, and survival and promote organ-specific localization of distant metastases. Chemokine expression in human malignancies is associated with a leukocyte infiltration favoring the establishment of immune escape mechanisms. A literature review of relevant publications on preclinical testing of cancer therapies based on interference with the cancer chemokine network was performed. The feasibility, potential advantages, and limitations of the clinical translation of the results of such studies in treatment of different tumor types and settings are discussed. The chemokine network is a key player in the establishment of metastases. In the preclinical setting, blocking agents and antibodies directed against CXCR4 prevent metastasis of different cancers. In mouse models, overexpression of selected chemokines causes tumor infiltration by distinct leukocyte subsets, resulting in tumor regression and tumor-specific immunity generation. Researchers have also successfully used chemokines as carriers and/or adjuvants for cancer vaccines. The cancer chemokine network is a multifaceted therapeutic target.
Simultaneous five-wavelength filtering at 2.2 nm wavelength separation using integrated-optic acousto-optic tunable filter with subcarrier detection (1989)

We demonstrate simultaneous, independent, five-wavelength filtering using an integrated-optic acousto-optic tunable filter with a wavelength separation of 2.2 nm. The worst-case power penalty is only 2.2 dB, demonstrating the feasibility of dense multiple-wavelength operation.
High-Density Plasma Source for Large-Area Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond Films. (1994)

Abstract : During this program Science Research Laboratory (SRL) and the Plasma Processing Group in the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT are developing a large-area, directed plasma/atomic beam source for diamond deposition. The plasma source is based on an inductively-driven plasma accelerator that efficiently produces a high density (l0(exp 14)-10(exp 17)/cu cm) plasma over an area of 0.1-1 square meters. The goal of this effort is to experimentally demonstrate the technical feasibility of employing the plasma source for high-throughput diamond deposition, through characterization of plasma parameters and preliminary diamond deposition experiments. A reactor design study will also be completed during Phase I, leading to an engineering design of a large-area plasma reactor for Phase II implementation. The period of performance is from 30 September 1994 to 29 March 1995. jg p.4