gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A retargetable technique for predicting execution time (2003)

A novel technique for predicting point-to-point execution times on contemporary microprocessors is presented. It uses machine-description rules, similar to those that have proven useful for code generation and peephole optimization, to translate compiled object code into a sequence of very low-level instructions. The stream of micro-instructions is then analyzed for tuning, via a three-level pattern matching scheme. The timing tool is currently predicting execution time of code segments targeted for the Motorola 68020 and Intel 80386 processor. The timing tool has been integrated with a version of the vpo C compiler and the ease environment. A prototype has been built and preliminary tests are very promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adsorption of inorganic phosphates and organic polyphosphonate on calcite (2003)

Adsorption of two inorganic phosphates (orthophosphate (P), tripolyphosphate (TPP)) and one organic polyphosphonate (EDTPH = ethylenediamine–N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid)) on the surface of well-developed and crushed calcite crystals has been investigated using radioactive isotopes as tracers at 25.0 °C, where inorganic phosphates (P, TPP) and EDTPH were labeled with 32P and 14C isotopes, respectively. The adsorbed amount of P and TPP systems on the calcite surface increases with an increase in their concentration in solution, whereas that of EDTPH was saturated at low concentration. The adsorbed amounts of P and TPP on the calcite surface also increase with an increase in Ca2+ activity in solution. This fact suggests that these phosphates are adsorbed in conjunction with the calcium ion. The adsorption of EDTPH, however, does not depend on the Ca2+ activity in solution. The adsorption of P and EDTPH were explained by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, respectively. On the other hand, TPP showed Freundlich adsorption isotherms on aged calcite but Langmuir adsorption isotherms on the crushed calcite. The adsorption of P, TPP and EDTPH on rough surfaces of calcite created by crushing the crystals, is much higher than on well-developed surfaces.
Cell separation between mesenchymal progenitor cells through porous polymeric membranes (2005)

This study investigates the separation of two types of marrow stromal cells, KUSA-A1 osteoblasts and H-1/A preadipocytes, by filtration through various porous polymeric membranes. It was found that KUSA-A1 permeates better than H-1/A cells through 12-microm polyurethane foaming membranes. This appears to be due to the relatively smaller cell size of KUSA-A1 cells. In addition, when feed solutions containing suspensions of either cell type or a mixture of the two were used, the permeation ratio was relatively low (< 6%) through polyurethane and surface-modified polyurethane foaming membranes. It was also found that there was some degree of separation between KUSA-A1 and H-1/A cells (separation factor = 1.8) with nylon-net filter membranes, but no separation was obtained when filters made of nonwoven fabrics or silk screens were used. This ability of the nylon-net filter membranes to separate the two cell types was due to a sieving effect that results from an optimal pore size. Finally, permeation of a solution of human serum albumin through the membrane following filtration of the cells did not result in a separation of cells in the recovery solution.
Initial clinical experience with the HeartMate II axial-flow left ventricular assist device. (2007)

The redesigned HeartMate II, an axial-flow left ventricular assist device, is simpler, smaller, and easier to operate than are pulsatile pumps. These design characteristics should make the HeartMate II more reliable and durable and broaden the eligible population base. We implanted the HeartMate II in 43 patients (average age, 42 yr). The indication for use was bridge-to-heart transplantation in 26 patients and destination therapy in 17. The average duration of device support was 258 days (range, 1-761 days), and cumulative duration, more than 31 patient-years. Hemodynamic function improved in all patients during support. By 48 hours after implantation, the mean cardiac index had increased from 1.9+/-0.27 L/(min.m(2)) (baseline) to 3.5+/-0.8 L/(min.m(2)), and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure had decreased from 24.8+/-11 mmHg to 18.5+/-5.3 mmHg. Of the 43 patients, 35 were discharged from the hospital. Support is ongoing in 27 patients (longest duration, >700 days). Nine patients died during support. Four patients had sufficient heart recovery to undergo pump explantation. Three patients underwent transplantation. One patient underwent device replacement after the pump driveline was fractured in a skateboarding accident; the device was removed in another patient because of a pump-pocket infection after 749 days of support. Of the 10 patients in whom the HeartMate II replaced a failed HeartMate I, 8 were discharged from the hospital. We have seen excellent results with use of the HeartMate II. Functional status and quality of life have greatly improved in patients who survived the perioperative period.
The gravity potential and force field of the earth through fourth order (1966)

Gravity potential and force field of earth through fourth order to accurately determine spacecraft trajectories
Findings of Case Histories on the Long-Term Performance of Seepage Barriers in Dams (2009)

In a vast majority of cases, seepage barriers increase the reliability of dams. However, it is important to recognize that seepage barriers often drastically increase hydraulic gradients around the boundaries of the barrier, and through any windows or defects in the barrier. The result is increased water pressures and hydraulic gradients behind and around the barrier. These increased pressures and gradients have potential to provide the catalyst for initiation of several modes of internal erosion that were either unlikely or less likely without the seepage barrier. As a consequence, seepage barriers give rise to the potential for additional mechanisms of internal erosion and piping in the dam and the foundation. A compendium of 30 case histories of dams that have had seepage barriers in place for over 10 years has been assembled, and observations and insights garnered from these case studies were compiled. Finite-element seepage and deformation analyses have been performed to provide better understanding of the performance of seepage barriers and the mechanisms that affect their performance. This paper presents a summary of our findings from the case histories and the analyses performed.
Influences on the resolution of GPR velocity analyses and a Monte Carlo simulation for establishing velocity precision (2011)

ABSTRACT The precision of ground‐penetrating radar velocity models is seldom reported, despite their common use for quantifying subsurface properties. We explore influences on the resolution of ground‐penetrating radar velocity analysis and demonstrate a Monte Carlo method for obtaining the implied precision in velocity estimates. A series of synthetic common‐midpoint gathers, which assume Ricker wavelets of 50 MHz, 100 MHz and 200 MHz frequencies as source pulses, simulate hyperbolic reflections from the bases of three horizontal layers, each with interval velocity and thickness of 0.1 m/ns and 2 m, respectively. With these, we use coherence analysis to show that the principal influence on stacking velocity resolution is the traveltime moveout, normalized by the wavelet period, exhibited across some offset range. Where moveout exceeds the period by factors of, e.g., 3 and 6, is resolved to [–6.5, +8.2]% to [–3.6, +4.0]%, respectively, at the 50% coherence threshold. The temporal duration of coherence responses is expressed as a one‐quarter wavelet period either side of the stacking traveltime. Coherence resolutions are used in Monte Carlo simulations to derive the implied precision in the interval stacking velocity and its derivative properties. These analyses are repeated for field common‐midpoint data, acquired using 50 MHz antennas, on Quaternary glacio‐fluvial media overlying a Cambrian basement (<15 m deep). For three reflections identified in these data, the velocity and temporal resolution of coherence responses vary in a quantitatively similar way to events in the synthetic data. For the corresponding layers, Monte Carlo simulations yield precision estimates for , layer thickness and fractional water content. The procedure predicts a reasonable model of water content decreasing with depth, in accordance with increasing pore compaction and provides a robust error analysis; the uncertainty in estimates of the fractional water content of two (assumed) water‐saturated layers is ±2.6% and ±2.1% (shallower and deeper, respectively). Monte Carlo simulations are recommended as an efficient means of establishing the precision in quantitative estimates of subsurface properties derived from ground‐penetrating radar velocities, particularly where ground‐truth data are unavailable.
2012 Provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: A European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative (2012)

The objective of this study was to develop European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Candidate criteria were evaluated in a 6-month prospective cohort study of 125 patients with new-onset PMR and 169 non-PMR comparison subjects with conditions mimicking PMR. A scoring algorithm was developed based on morning stiffness >45 minutes (2 points), hip pain/limited range of motion (1 point), absence of rheumatoid factor and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibody (2 points), and absence of peripheral joint pain (1 point). A score ≥4 had 68% sensitivity and 78% specificity for discriminating all comparison subjects from PMR. The specificity was higher (88%) for discriminating shoulder conditions from PMR and lower (65%) for discriminating RA from PMR. Adding ultrasound, a score ≥5 had increased sensitivity to 66% and specificity to 81%. According to these provisional classification criteria, patients ≥50 years old presenting with bilateral shoulder pain, not better explained by an alternative pathology, can be classified as having PMR in the presence of morning stiffness >45 minutes, elevated C-reactive protein and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and new hip pain. These criteria are not meant for diagnostic purposes.
Preparations and properties of caged polycyclic systems. 1. Pentacyclo[5.3.0.02,5.03,9.04,8]decane and pentacyclo[4.3.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]nonane derivatives (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparations and properties of caged polycyclic systems. 1. Pentacyclo[5.3.0.02,5.03,9.04,8]decane and pentacyclo[4.3.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]nonane derivativesNorman Bellamy Chapman, J. M. Key, and Kenneth J. ToyneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 11, 3860–3867Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00836a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00836a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1449Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wide-band operation of horns for excitation of acoustic modes in optical fibers (1994)

Acousto-optic interaction in fibers between optical modes and acoustic waves has been investigated recently by several groups. Coupling has been demonstrated between spatial modes in two-mode fibers1 as well as between polarization modes of high birefringence fibers2. Most publications have reported results for a single acoustic frequency without discussing the frequency response of such devices.
A Brief History of Shaped Charges (2008)

This report provides an overview of the history of shaped charge development by consolidating earlier write-ups from several investigators [1-5]. The intent is to educate a new generation of researchers who are not familiar with this material. Most of these documents are now either out of print or hard to find. Since most of these publications originated in the 1980s to early 1990s, a few additions were made based on the discovery of new historical material. The report begins with the early work (prior to the invention of the detonator) and continues to the present. This report chronicles the works of the early researchers, notably Munroe, von Foerster, Newman, Mohaupt, Thomanek, and others.
Facility location under uncertainty: a review (2006)

Plants, distribution centers, and other facilities generally function for years or decades, during which time the environment in which they operate may change substantially. Costs, demands, travel times, and other inputs to classical facility location models may be highly uncertain. This has made the development of models for facility location under uncertainty a high priority for researchers in both the logistics and stochastic/robust optimization communities. Indeed, a large number of the approaches that have been proposed for optimization under uncertainty have been applied to facility location problems. This paper reviews the literature on stochastic and robust facility location models. Our intent is to illustrate both the rich variety of approaches for optimization under uncertainty that have appeared in the literature and their application to facility location problems. In a few instances for which examples in facility location are not available, we provide examples from the more general logistics literature.
The use of integrated countercurrent nanofiltration cascades for advanced separations (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The concept of integrated countercurrent nanofiltration cascades is derived from fractional distillation and results in an enriched and a depleted stream, the volume and purity of which can be controlled by changing the operating parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of integrated countercurrent nanofiltration cascades for advanced separation of individual organic components in aqueous solution by means of single‐stage filtration experiments using xylose and maltose and cascade simulations. The influence of module recovery, membrane characteristics, recycled fraction and the number of modules was evaluated. RESULTS: It was found that, in order to obtain a high product purity with a limited number of modules, there has to be a sufficiently high rejection difference between the components. Membranes with high rejections for the studied components (e.g. NF70 and UTC20) allow one to obtain a good separation factor but a low product recovery in a cascade configuration. A higher product recovery but lower separation factors are obtained for a cascade consisting of membranes with low rejections (e.g. NFPES10). Independently of the difference in rejection between the components, the number of modules, the recycled fraction and the module recovery determine the separation to a large extent. CONCLUSION: The optimal number of modules depends on the trade‐off between a high selectivity and a high xylose recovery; the module recovery should be as high as (practically) possible. Higher selectivities and higher product recoveries are also obtained when the retentate is recycled to the previous module. This is different from the traditional cascade approach where retentates are recycled to the next module. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The alcoholic ferment of yeast-juice. Part II.—The coferment of yeast-juice (1906)

Abstract In a previous communication it was shown that the fermentation of glucose by yeast-juice is dependent upon the presence of a dialysable substance which is not destroyed by heat. This substance is contained in the active yeast-juice prepared by disintegrating living yeast, and, therefore, most probably exists in the yeast cell side by side with the zymase. The occurrence of an analogous activating substance has been described by Magnus in the case of the lipase of the liver. He observed that the active juice of this organ became inactive when dialysed into water, but regained its activity when the dialysate or boiled liver juice was added. The term coferment was suggested by Bertrand to denote substances of this kind, and he applied it in two instances—to the calcium salt, which he considered was necessary for the action of pectase on pecten substances, and to the manganese of laccase, which he supposed to be essential for the activity of this enzyme. Although not entirely satisfactory, this term may be provisionally applied to activating substances such as those present in liver lipase and yeast-juice, until further knowledge of their nature and function permits of a more rational terminology.
Time‐depth relationships for multilayer depth conversion (1997)

The conversion of seismic time to depth through the use of analytical functions has been a common procedure in seismic work for many decades. With the exception of recent examples dealing with the linear function, none of the published time‐depth relationships corresponding to these functions is applicable to multilayer depth conversion. The present work redresses this situation. It presents formulae applicable to multilayer depth conversion for a large number of analytical functions. The derivation is based on a procedure generally similar to that presented by Japsen (1993). Most of the functions considered date back to a publication by Kaufman in 1953 and earlier publications. A number of other functions hitherto not known in the industry are also presented.
Combined modality therapy of operated astrocytomas grade III and IV. Confirmation of the value of postoperative irradiation and lack of potentiation of bleomycin on survival time: A prospective multicenter trial of the scandinavian glioblastoma study group (1981)

In a controlled, prospective, randomized investigation, started in 1974, 118 patients with supratentorial astrocytoma Grade III--IV were divided into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 received 45 Gy postoperatively to the whole supratentorial brain. Bleomycin in 15-mg doses and a total dose of 180 mg or placebo was given intravenously three times a week, one hour prior to radiotherapy, during weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5. Group 3 received conventional care but no radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Median survival rates of patients were 10.8 months in Groups 1 and 2, and 5.2 months in Groups 3, a statistically significant difference. With regard to performance, the patients in Group 3 deteriorated faster than patients in Groups 1 and 2. Bleomycin had no positive or negative influence on survival.
Observation of giant dielectric constant in an assembly of ultrafine Ag particles (2004)

Although the Gor'kov-Eliashberg effect in isolated ultrafine metal particles is forbidden due to the depolarization field inside it, a giant dielectric response $(\ensuremath{\varepsilon}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{10})$ is observed in an assembly of ultrafine metal particles connected to each other forming an interrupted metal strand. The metal strand, which has a very low depolarization field, is obtained by the application of electric field to the assembly of isolated minute metal particles. The strong electrostatic force due to high electric field ${(10}^{6}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m})$ in the nano air gap between the particles causes the particles to deform in the direction of the electric field and finally attains the percolating configuration with the formation of a metal filament, the electronic wave functions of which are localized due to lattice defects at the interface between the particles.
In Situ Hybridization of <i>Prochlorococcus</i> and <i>Synechococcus</i> (Marine Cyanobacteria) spp. with rRNA-Targeted Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes (2000)

A simple method for whole-cell hybridization using fluorescently labeled rRNA-targeted peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes was developed for use in marine cyanobacterial picoplankton. In contrast to established protocols, this method is capable of detecting rRNA in Prochlorococcus, the most abundant unicellular marine cyanobacterium. Because the method avoids the use of alcohol fixation, the chlorophyll content of Prochlorococcus cells is preserved, facilitating the identification of these cells in natural samples. PNA probe-conferred fluorescence was measured flow cytometrically and was always significantly higher than that of the negative control probe, with positive/negative ratio varying between 4 and 10, depending on strain and culture growth conditions. Prochlorococcus cells from open ocean samples were detectable with this method. RNase treatment reduced probe-conferred fluorescence to background levels, demonstrating that this signal was in fact related to the presence of rRNA. In another marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus, in which both PNA and oligonucleotide probes can be used in whole-cell hybridizations, the magnitude of fluorescence from the former was fivefold higher than that from the latter, although the positive/negative ratio was comparable for both probes. In Synechococcus cells growing at a range of growth rates (and thus having different rRNA concentrations per cell), the PNA- and oligonucleotide-derived signals were highly correlated (r = 0.99). The chemical nature of PNA, the sensitivity of PNA-RNA binding to single-base-pair mismatches, and the preservation of cellular integrity by this method suggest that it may be useful for phylogenetic probing of whole cells in the natural environment.
Multimodality imaging of structure and function (2008)

Historically, medical devices to image either anatomical structure or functional processes have developed along somewhat independent paths. The recognition that combining images from different modalities can nevertheless offer significant diagnostic advantages gave rise to sophisticated software techniques to coregister structure and function. Recently, alternatives to retrospective software-based fusion have become available through instrumentation that combines two imaging modalities within a single device, an approach that has since been termed hardware fusion. As a result, following their recent introduction into the clinic, combined PET/CT and SPECT/CT devices are now playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and staging of human disease. Recently, although limited to the brain, the first clinical MR scanner with a PET insert, a technically-challenging design, has been undergoing evaluation. This review will follow the development of multimodality instrumentation for clinical use from conception to present-day technology and assess the status and future potential for such devices.