gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) transcripts in fresh and cultured cells of patients with adult T-cell leukemia. (1984)

We examined the DNA and RNA of fresh leukemic cells (five patients) and long-term cultured T lymphocytes (four patients) from patients with adult T-cell leukemia for the presence of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) sequences. In all cases HTLV-I provirus was found and several species of viral mRNAs were observed in all cell lines. We used HTLV DNA probes representing the gag, pol, and env genes and pX regions and the U3- and U5-specific sequences to characterize the genetic content of the viral transcripts. Although similar RNA sequences were expressed in one HTLV-I provirus-positive specimen of fresh primary leukemic cells, no viral transcripts were found in four other similar specimens. These findings are consistent with the idea that the expression of one or more HTLV-I genes may be involved in initiation of transformation, but consistent expression is not needed for maintaining the neoplastic state.
Overexpression of TROP2 promotes proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells (2017)

Human trophoblastic cell-surface marker, tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TROP2), is a newly identified marker that has a vital role in the proliferation and invasion of various tumors. However, its specific function in ovarian cancer has not been researched. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of TROP2 in the formation of ovarian cancer and its possible mechanism. TROP2 was knocked down by small interfering (si)RNA in ovarian cancer cell line, A2780. The expression of TROP2 protein following transfection was detected by western blot analysis. Cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting kit-8. Cancer cell migration and invasion were examined by wound healing and cell invasion assays, respectively. Apoptosis-related proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), were measured by western blotting. Results demonstrated that the expression levels of TROP2 were markedly downregulated by siRNA in A2780 cells compared with the control groups, which led to strong inhibition of proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, TROP2 downregulation also reduced cell migratory ability. Additionally, in the TROP2-knockout group, Bcl-2 was downregulated and Bax was upregulated compared with the control. The present study suggested that the expression of TROP2 was related to cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. TROP2 may disrupt the balance in the Bax family to participate in apoptosis regulation in A2780 cells. Therefore, the overexpression of TROP2 may have a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression by disturbing the Bax/Bcl-2 balance in ovarian cancer.
A Critical Appraisal of the Safety and Efficacy of Drug-Eluting Stents (2009)

Drug-eluting stents (DESs) have largely demonstrated their superiority to bare-metal stents (BMSs) with respect to in-stent restenosis. Since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first DES in 2003, there has been a significant increase in the use of these devices. They are used in 70-80% of all stent procedures worldwide. Nevertheless, safety concerns stemming from reports of increased risk of late stent thrombosis (ST) and myocardial infarction (MI) have tempered the enthusiasm that the advent of these stents originally generated. New generation DESs with novel polymers, antiproliferative drugs, and improved platforms are now approved and available for use. In this review we provide a critical appraisal, based on published clinical data, of the safety and efficacy of various DESs.
Effects of time of day, gender, and menstrual cycle phase on the human response to a water load (2000)

Estrogen and progesterone interference with renal actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown. Thus we hypothesized that women will have a higher water turnover than men and that the greatest difference will be during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Seven men (32 +/- 3 yr) and six women (33 +/- 2 yr) drank 12 ml water/kg lean body mass on different days at 0800 and at 2000 following 10 h of fast and a standardized meal at 0600 and 1800. Women participated on days 4-11 and 19-25 of the menstrual cycle. Initial urine and plasma osmolalities and urine flow rates were similar in all experiments. The cumulative urine voided over 3 h following the morning drink was less in men (73 +/- 12% of the water load) compared with women in either the follicular (100 +/- 3%) or luteal phases (102 +/- 10%) of the menstrual cycle. Nighttime values (30-43% of the water load) were lower in all experiments and were not different between sexes or menstrual cycle phases. Plasma AVP was higher at night and may contribute to this diurnal response. The data are generally consistent with the stated hypothesis; however, possibly owing to the greatly reduced urine flow in both sexes at night, a difference between sexes was not observed at that time.
A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF URINARY PREGNANEDIOL (1955)

SUMMARY A new chromatographic procedure for determining small amounts of pregnanediol in urine is described. The method involves (1) acid hydrolysis, (2) toluene extraction, (3) a new permanganate oxidation step, (4) chromatography on alumina columns, (5) acetylation, (6) further chromatography on alumina, and (7) colorimetry after developing a colour with sulphuric acid. The method is considered under the headings of specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and convenience. The significance of results obtained from male, proliferative phase female, and post-menopausal urine is discussed.
Dynamic Gray‐Scale Control to Reduce Motion Picture Disturbance for High‐Resolution PDP (1999)

Abstract A new approach is presented to reduce motional false contour artifacts, or motion picture disturbance, in ACPDP by dynamically controlling usable gray‐scale levels. Limited gray‐scale levels are selected to form a stretched‐out coding , which is used in motion area where the disturbance could be visible. A disturbance‐free condition in the stretched‐out coding is discussed and verified through the simulation with virtual retina model. Gray‐scales in motion area are substantially restored both by error diffusion based on Floyd and Steinberg, and by response of human vision combined with subfield driving sequence. The algorithm, also being compatible with the highest HDTV standard with resolution of 1920 × 1080 progressive, just requires simplified motion detection without motion vectors. The actual 42‐in PDPs with this algorithm using 10 subfields showed robust and better performance over conventional approaches.
Using Natural Language to Manage NPC Dialog (2006)

In this document, we describe our work applying natural language (NL) technologies to improve non-player character (NPC) dialog interactions in games, specifically role-playing games (RPGs). Our approach is to adapt the standard dialog menu interaction so that the menu items are dynamically-generated during game runtime rather than scripted during development time. In our system, menu items are constructed by manipulating abstract semantic representations stored in the NPC knowledgebase, converting them into NL text, and then ranking them so that the most relevant items are placed at the top of the menu. We demonstrate our approach in the context of a small RPG.
The Effects of Shear Stress on Endothelial Cell Retention and Function on Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (1990)

We evaluated the adherence of indium 111-radiolabeled endothelial cells to fibronectin-treated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces exposed to high (437 s-1) vs low (218 s-1) shear and the influence of shear on prostacyclin production. Canine jugular vein factor VIII-positive endothelial cells in passages 3 through 6 were incubated with 111Indium-oxine, and labeled cells were seeded onto fibronectin-treated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patches. Patches with confluent cells were exposed to shear in a Weissenberg rheogoniometer for intervals ranging up to 60 minutes. Percent endothelial cell retention was determined by gamma counting of patches and media and by histologic evaluation. Prostacyclin production (tritiated radioimmunoassay of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha) was assayed on perfusing media. Results showed no differences in 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha production between shear rates or time periods. Endothelial cell retention did not differ between the shear rates. Rotational shear caused persistent cell loss over time in either high- or low-shear conditions. This persistent cell loss in response to steady rotational shear differs from that in response to identical rates of pulsatile linear shear in our laboratory where cell loss approached zero after 15 minutes.
The Software-Defined Vehicular Cloud: A New Level of Sharing the Road (2017)

A vehicular cloud (VC) is a type of mobile ad hoc cloud in which multiple vehicles share their resources and perform collaborative jobs. In this article, we propose a software-defined (SD) VC (SDVC) architecture to achieve flexible VC control and efficient resource utilization in a centralized manner.
Results and Problems of <i>O</i>‐Glycoside Synthesis (1974)

Abstract Considerable problems attend the synthesis of biologically important natural products whose carbohydrate components display a greater or lesser degree of complexity. The present progress report surveys recent developments in the formation of O ‐glycosidic bonds starting from 1‐halo sugars and from sugar 1,2‐orthoesters. Particular emphasis is placed on attempts to reach a better understanding of the steric course of glycosylation reactions on the basis of mechanistic considerations. Studies on the silver‐salt dependence of the Koenigs‐Knorr synthesis led to improvements in preparative applications and to new concepts concerning the reaction course. The introduction of sugar 1,2‐orthoesters as glycosylation components has greatly enriched our preparative armoury for the synthesis of trans glycosides. Remarkable progress has also been made in the synthesis of cis glycosides, in part by exploiting novel neighbouring group effects.
PEGylation Site-Dependent Structural Heterogeneity Study of MonoPEGylated Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragment hPTH(1–34) (2014)

The structures of C- and N-terminally monoPEGylated human parathyroid hormone fragment hPTH(1-34) as well as their unmodified counterparts, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hPTH(1-34), have been studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The scattering results show that free hPTH(1-34) in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) aggregates into clusters. After conjugation with PEG, the PEG-peptide conjugates self-assemble into a supramolecular core-shell structure with a cylindrical shape. The PEG chains form a shell around the hPTH(1-34) core to shield hPTH(1-34) from the solvent. The detailed structural information on the self-assembled structures is extracted from SANS using a model of the cylindrical core with a shell of Gaussian chains attached to the core surface. On the basis of the data, because of the charge-dipole interactions between the conjugated PEG chain and the peptide, the conjugated PEG chain forms a more collapsed conformation compared to free PEG. Moreover, the size of the self-assembled structures formed by the C-terminally monoPEGylated hPTH(1-34) is about 3 times larger than that of the N-terminally monoPEGylated hPTH(1-34). The different aggregation numbers of the self-assembled structures, triggered by different PEGylation sites, are reported. These size discrepancies because of different PEGylation sites could potentially affect the pharmacokinetics of the hPTH(1-34) drug.
Implementation of NRF in the Docker‐based NFV platform (2019)

Network function virtualisation (NFV) represents one of the key enablers of the next generation mobile network systems (5G). NFV allows running virtual network functions (NFs) as software components on top of a virtualisation system (i.e. virtual machines or containers) hosted in a cloud, allowing high flexibility and elasticity to deploy network services and functions. Therefore, the NFs in 5G core network can be deployed on the common hardware platform in the form of software. In this study, network repository function (NRF) is implemented in Docker‐based NFV platform in the form of JSON + HTTP/2.0 that supports service discovery function. The performance of NRF is also tested on real hardware platforms, including NF Register, NF Update, and NF Deregister. From the experimental data, it can be seen that the NRF in the NFV‐based 5G architecture has good performance, and Docker‐based NFV platform is more flexible than traditional communication networks.
Kinetics of photodecolorization of methyl orange using titanium dioxide as catalyst (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of photodecolorization of methyl orange using titanium dioxide as catalystLung Chyuan Chen and Tse Chuan ChouCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 7, 1520–1527Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00019a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views683Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (795 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (1995)

18O-Labeled epoxides of trans-1,3-diphenylpropene oxide (tDPPO) and cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid were synthesized and used to determine the regioselectivity of sEH. The nucleophilic nature of sEH catalysis was demonstrated by comparing the enzymatic and nonenzymatic hydrolysis products of tDPPO. The results from single turnover experiments with greater or equal molar equivalents of sEH:substrate were consistent with the existence of a stable intermediate formed by a nucleophilic amino acid attacking the epoxide group. Tryptic digestion of sEH previously subjected to multiple turnovers with tDPPO in H2 18O resulted in the isolation and purification of a tryptic fragment containing Asp-333. Electrospray mass spectrometry of this fragment conclusively illustrated the incorporation of 180. After complete digestion of the latter peptide it was shown that Asp-333 of sEH exhibited an increased mass. The attack by Asp-333 initiates enzymatic activity, leading to the formation of an alpha-hydroxyacyl-enzyme intermediate. Hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme occurs by the addition of an activated water to the carbonyl carbon of the ester bond, after which the resultant tetrahedral intermediate collapses, yielding the active enzyme and the diol product.
Logical model specification aided by model-checking techniques: application to the mammalian cell cycle regulation (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Recent Mechanistic Insights on Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Future Perspectives (2013)

Vaccination is a key strategy for the control of various infectious diseases. Many pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis produce on their surfaces dense and complex glycan structures, which represent an optimal target for eliciting carbohydrate specific antibodies able to confer protection against those bacteria. Glycoconjugates represent nowadays an important class of efficacious and safe commercial vaccines. It has been known for a long time that covalent linkage of poorly immunogenic carbohydrates to protein is fundamental to provide T cell epitopes for eliciting a memory response of the immune system against the saccharide. However, while the traditional mechanism of action of glycoconjugates has considered peptides generated from the carrier protein to be responsible of T cell help recruitment, only recently evidence of the active involvement of the carbohydrate part in determining the T cell help has been shown. In addition, zwitterionic polysaccharides have been proven to activate the adaptive immune system without further conjugation to protein. Progress in this interface area between chemistry and biology, in combination with novel synthetic and biosynthetic methods for the preparation of glycoconjugates, is opening new perspectives to clarify their mechanism of action and give new insights for the design of improved carbohydrate-based vaccines.
Reactions of Atoms and Free Radicals in Solution. XII. The Addition of Bromo Esters to Olefins (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Atoms and Free Radicals in Solution. XII. The Addition of Bromo Esters to OlefinsM. S. Kharasch, P. S. Skell, and Paul FisherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1055–1059Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views963Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>In vivo</i> interactions of archaeal Cdc6/Orc1 and minichromosome maintenance proteins with the replication origin (2001)

Although genome analyses have suggested parallels between archaeal and eukaryotic replication systems, little is known about the DNA replication mechanism in Archaea. By two-dimensional gel electrophoreses we positioned a replication origin (oriC) within 1 kb in the chromosomal DNA of Pyrococcus abyssi, an anaerobic hyperthermophile, and demonstrated that the oriC is physically linked to the cdc6 gene. Our chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that P. abyssi Cdc6 and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins bind preferentially to the oriC region in the exponentially growing cells. Whereas the oriC association of MCM was specifically inhibited by stopping DNA replication with puromycin treatment, Cdc6 protein stayed bound to the replication origin after de novo protein synthesis was inhibited. Our data suggest that archaeal and eukaryotic Cdc6 and MCM proteins function similarly in replication initiation and imply that an oriC association of MCM could be regulated by an unknown mechanism in Archaea.
Package Parasitic Inductance Extraction and Simulation Model Development for the High-Voltage Cascode GaN HEMT (2013)

This paper presents the development of a simulation model for high-voltage gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT) in a cascode structure. A method is proposed to accurately extract the device package parasitic inductance, which is of vital importance to better predict the high-frequency switching performance of the device. The simulation model is verified by a double-pulse tester, and the results match well both in terms of device switching waveform and switching energy. Based on the simulation model, an investigation of the package influence on the cascode GaN HEMT is presented, and several critical parasitic inductances are identified and verified. Finally, a detailed loss breakdown is made for a buck converter, including a comparison between hard switching and soft switching. The results indicate that the switching loss is a dominant part of the total loss under hard-switching conditions in megahertz high-frequency range and below 8~10 A operation current; therefore, soft switching is preferred to achieve high-frequency and high-efficiency operation of the high-voltage GaN HEMT.
In-Shoe Pressure Distribution for Running in Various Types of Footwear (1995)

Discrete pressure sensors were used to examine the influence of shoe construction on the local forces under the foot. Measurements were performed at eight locations under the feet of 22 subjects wearing 19 different models of running shoes. Mechanical properties of shoe soles were assessed with an impacter device. Pressure distribution, ground reaction force, and acceleration data were collected simultaneously during running at 3.3 m/s. Early lateral loading of the rearfoot was followed by increasing medial forefoot loads. In the later phase of pushoff the load was almost entirely carried by the first metatarsal head and the hallux. Substantial differences in plantar foot pressures and relative loads among shoe models indicated that footwear construction has a substantial influence on the loading behavior of the foot during ground contact. Finally, the chosen sensor locations under the foot were found to be adequate to estimate the vertical ground reaction force.
P3B-8 Signed Echo Imaging with High Axial Resolution (2007)

A new method is proposed to detect whether the sign of acoustic impedance change in space is positive or negative. Ultrasonic signed echoes were obtained by two times of transmission/reception at a center frequency ratio of N: N+1 (N: a natural number), calculating the (N+1)-th power of the received echo signal at a center frequency of Nf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , and the N-th power of the received echo signal at a center frequency of (N+1)f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , and then performing phase-sensitive detection between the resulting two signals at N(N+1)f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . An ultrasonic signed echo image of human carotid arterial walls was taken at 5 and 10 MHz with a healthy volunteer. The high axial resolution of the echo image was maintained so that the layer structure of the arterial walls can be observed in the signed echo image as well as in the corresponding conventional B-mode image.