gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space-time image sequence analysis: object tunnels and occlusion volumes (2006)

We address the issue of image sequence analysis jointly in space and time. While typical approaches to such an analysis consider two image frames at a time, we propose to perform this analysis jointly over multiple frames. We concentrate on spatiotemporal segmentation of image sequences and on analysis of occlusion effects therein. The segmentation process is three-dimensional (3-D); we search for a volume carved out by each moving object in the image sequence domain, or "object tunnel," a new space-time concept. We pose the problem in variational framework by using only motion information (no intensity edges). The resulting formulation can be viewed as volume competition, a 3-D generalization of region competition. We parameterize the unknown surface to be estimated, but rather than using an active-surface approach, we embed it into a higher dimensional function and apply the level-set methodology. We first develop simple models for the detection of moving objects over static background; no motion models are needed. Then, in order to improve segmentation accuracy, we incorporate motion models for objects and background. We further extend the method by including explicit models for occluded and newly exposed areas that lead to "occlusion volumes," another new space-time concept. Since, in this case, multiple volumes are sought, we apply a multiphase variant of the level-set method. We present various experimental results for synthetic and natural image sequences.
Use of Tranexamic Acid in Control of Haemorrhage after Extraction of Teeth in Haemophilia and Christmas Disease (1972)

Bleeding after dental extraction was controlled with tranexamic acid in 19 patients with haemophilia and 3 with Christmas disease. The results were slightly better than those obtained with aminocaproic acid; the dose used was smaller; and side effects were few.
Humidity Dependence of Resistivity of Potassium-Modified Ferric Oxide Ceramics (1976)

This paper is concerned with the humidity dependence of resistivity of potassium-modified ferric oxide ceramics which show the bulk-type sensitivity for ambient humidity. The potassium-modified ferric oxide ceramics show remarkable dependence of resistivity on humidity, especially in low humidity range less than 50% relative humidity and at an ambient temperature from 0°to 100°C. The effects of composition, sintering temperature, microstructure, and reaction product on humidity dependence of resistivity are discussed. The sensitivity on humidity is due to ionic conductivity in or on, small. grains of potassium-(β+β") hematite caused by adsorption of diffused moisture through the pore of sintered discs.
A portable oxygen concentration detection and monitor system using a smartphone and a portable sensor module (2014)

In this paper we use both a smartphone and a portable oxygen sensor module to detect and monitor the amount of oxygen concentration by means of Bluetooth communication. When the oxygen concentration exceeds the normal range our portable oxygen concentration detection and monitor system will notify the user immediately. We use an oxygen sensor both to detect ambient air and to generate the relative voltage value with respect to the oxygen level. This voltage value is amplified first through an instrumentation amplifier and the input to a MCU (Micro Controller Unit). The MCU calculates and transfers the oxygen value to a percentage of data. This design is easy to read and know how much oxygen concentration is present in the air. When the time interval of low oxygen concentration in the environment is longer than the value setting, the smartphone will set off an alarm to remind the user in order to prevent harm to human health.
Miniscalpel‐Needle versus Steroid Injection for Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a 12‐Month Follow‐Up (2014)

Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain in adults. A novel alternative medical instrument, the miniscalpel-needle (MSN), which is based on an acupuncture needle, has been recently developed in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the MSN release treatment versus that of traditional steroid injection for plantar fasciitis. Patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to 2 groups and followed up for 12 months, with 29 receiving MSN treatment and 25 receiving steroid injection treatment. The results showed that visual analog scale scores for morning pain, active pain, and overall heel pain all were decreased significantly in the MSN group from 1 to 12 months after treatment. In contrast, treatment with steroid injection showed a significant effect only at the 1-month follow-up but not at 6 or 12 months after treatment. Moreover, the MSN group achieved more rapid and sustained improvements than the steroid group throughout the duration of this study. No severe side effects were observed with MSN treatment. Our data suggest that the MSN release treatment is safe and has a significant benefit for plantar fasciitis compared to steroid injection.
Carbon Dioxide Based Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (1984)

Efficiencies attainable in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are compared to those encountered in packed column high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary column gas chromatography (GC) systems. Since SFC efficiencies are quite acceptable for high resolution chromatography, exploration of of the available solvent power range of supercritical fluid mobile phases is warranted. In particular, the application of the Snyder solvent classification scheme recently used for the optimization of LC separations is proposed as a framework to aid the supercritical fluid chromatographer in the selection of appropriate modifiers to alter the solvent power of carbon dioxide. Preliminary experiments to test the feasibility of this approach have shown that the chromatographic capacity factors and separation ratios can be greatly affected by not only the modifier identity but also the modifier concentration in the modifier/carbon dioxide solvent mixture.
Bends and splitters for self-collimated beams in photonic crystals (2003)

We present finite-difference time-domain studies for self-collimated beams in photonic crystal structures. Using a pulse propagation technique that eliminates the interference from the boundary of finite photonic crystal structures, we show that the self-collimation phenomena can occur within a relatively wide bandwidth. We also demonstrate near-perfect operation efficiencies over wide frequency ranges in bends and splitters constructed by simply truncating the photonic crystal.
A Scheduling Protocol for Transactional Workflows Based on Mix-Grained Conflict Detection (2003)

A transactional workflow is composed of traditional flat transactions, and its execution has relaxed transactional atomicity. Due to different termination characteristics of transactions, only one workflow is allowed to execute non-compensatable transactions with current scheduling protocols. In this paper, two granularities of conflict based on transaction classes and transaction instances are defined, and a scheduling protocol by using both granularities of conflict detection is proposed. Besides generating serializable and recoverable schedules, this method provides a higher degree of concurrency in following two ways. On the one hand, the fine-grained locking mechanism based on transaction instances is used to reduce conflict possibility among concurrent workflows. On the other hand, the coarse-grained conflict mechanism based on transaction classes is used to predict future conflict among workflows, multiple workflows are therefore allowed to execute non-compensatable transactions if they will not conflict in predicated future execution.
Chemical Functionalization of Ultrathin Carbon Nanosheets (2010)

Ultrathin carbon nanosheets (CNSs) were functionalized using 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide. The organic modification of carbon nanosheets with hydroxyl groups on the external graphene layers facilitates the dispersion in polar solvents including water and thus the incorporation of the derivatives in other matrices such as polymers.
An integrated methodology for manufacturing systems design using manual and computer simulation (2003)

Abstract Traditional approaches to manufacturing systems design utilize a sequential procedure that focuses on production capacity requirements, with human operator task design developed late in the systems design phase. Implementing manufacturing systems in this way is difficult when operations management must design flexible and efficient processes, with an often incomplete understanding of how people can best perform within the system. This study developed an integrated methodology that uses both manual and computer simulations to evaluate system performance and ergonomic issues early in the system design process. Information about operator performance and ergonomics is obtained in the manual simulations, while estimates of operator utilization and system throughput is obtained through computer simulations. An iterative design process is used, with the results of manual and computer simulations informing each other during subsequent simulations. An industrial case study is presented here to demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology. The results show that the methodology can be used to design manufacturing systems with significant savings in labor cost and improved manufacturing system flexibility. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 19–40, 2003.
HIV-1 Trans-Activator of Transcription Substitutes for Oxidative Signaling in Activation-Induced T Cell Death (2005)

Termination of an immune response requires elimination of activated T lymphocytes by activation-induced cell death (AICD). In AICD, CD95 (Apo-1/Fas) ligand (L) triggers apoptosis of CD95-positive activated T lymphocytes. In AIDS patients, AICD is strongly enhanced and accelerated. We and others have previously shown that HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (HIV-1 Tat) sensitizes T cells toward CD95-mediated apoptosis and up-regulates CD95L expression by affecting the cellular redox balance. In this study, we show that it is hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) that functions as an essential second messenger in TCR signaling. The H(2)O(2) signal combined with simultaneous calcium (Ca(2+)) influx into the cytosol constitutes the minimal requirement for induction of CD95L expression. Either signal alone is insufficient. We further show that HIV-1 Tat interferes with TCR signaling and induces a H(2)O(2) signal. H(2)O(2) generated by HIV-1 Tat combines with CD4-dependent calcium influx and causes massive T cell apoptosis. Thus, our data provide an explanation for CD4(+) T lymphocyte depletion during progression of AIDS.
Real-Time User-Guided Image Colorization with Learned Deep Priors (2017)

We propose a deep learning approach for user-guided image colorization. The system directly maps a grayscale image, along with sparse, local user "hints" to an output colorization with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Rather than using hand-defined rules, the network propagates user edits by fusing low-level cues along with high-level semantic information, learned from large-scale data. We train on a million images, with simulated user inputs. To guide the user towards efficient input selection, the system recommends likely colors based on the input image and current user inputs. The colorization is performed in a single feed-forward pass, enabling real-time use. Even with randomly simulated user inputs, we show that the proposed system helps novice users quickly create realistic colorizations, and offers large improvements in colorization quality with just a minute of use. In addition, we demonstrate that the framework can incorporate other user "hints" to the desired colorization, showing an application to color histogram transfer. Our code and models are available at https://richzhang.github.io/ideepcolor.
Exploration of Nanostructured Functional Materials Based on Hybridization of Inorganic 2D Nanosheets (2014)

The 2D nanosheets of layered inorganic solids prepared by soft-chemical exfoliation reaction can be used as effective building blocks for hybridization with inorganic, organic, bio-, and polymer molecules/nanostructures. In comparison with graphene nanosheets, the 2D inorganic nanosheets boast much higher tunability in their chemical composition and physicochemical properties, leading to the creation of unexpected novel functionalities upon hybridization. Despite such unique and intriguing advantages of inorganic nanosheets, there are still only limited numbers of studies regarding the inorganic nanosheet-based hybrid materials. This Feature Article focuses on fundamental aspects of diverse synthetic strategies of the 2D nanosheet-based nanohybrids such as electrostatically derived reassembling, layer-by-layer deposition, crystal growth on the surface sites of nanosheets, and so on. Also, diverse functionalities of these 2D nanohybrid materials are discussed with an emphasis on the energy and environmental applications such as Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, photocatalysts, fuel cells, and greenhouse gas capture. A prospect for the exploration of novel inorganic 2D nanosheet-based functional materials is provided along with new strategies to optimize the functionality of 2D inorganic nanosheets and their nanohybrids.
Growth and yield responses of rice to carbon dioxide concentration (1990)

SUMMARY Rice plants ( Oryza saliva L., cv. IR30) were grown in paddy culture in outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment, plant growth chambers at Gainesville, Florida, USA, in 1987. The rice plants were exposed throughout the season to subambient (160 and 250), ambient (330) or superambient (500, 660, 900 μmol CO 2 /mol air) CO 2 concentrations. Total shoot biomass, root biomass, tillering, and final grain yield increased with increasing CO 2 concentration, thegreatest increase occurring between the 160 and 500 μmol CO 2 /mol air treatments. Early in the growing season, root:shoot biomass ratio increased with increasing CO 2 concentration; although the ratio decreased during the growing season, net assimilation rate increased with increasingCO 2 concentration and decreased during the growing season. Differences in biomass and lamina area among CO 2 treatments were largely due to corresponding differences in tillering response. The number of panicles/plant was almost entirely responsible for differences in final grain yield among CO 2 treatments. Doubling the CO2 concentration from 330 to 660 μmol CO 2 /mol air resulted in a 32 % increase in grain yield. These results suggest that important changes in the growth and yield of rice may be expected in the future as the CO 2 concentration of the earth's atmosphere continues to rise.
Congenital Tuberculosis (1952)

Congenital tuberculosis may be defined as tuber- culosis occurring in infants as a result of infection with Myco. tuberculosis during intra-uterine life.
A blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of the safety of lokivetmab (<scp>ZTS</scp>‐00103289), a caninized anti‐canine <scp>IL</scp>‐31 monoclonal antibody in client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis (2016)

Among a diverse population of 162 client owned dogs with a clinical diagnosis of AD, treatment with two monthly doses of lokivetmab was safe, based on observed adverse events and clinical pathology results over a 42 day period.
A passive lossless snubber cell for nonisolated PWM DC/DC converters (1998)

A passive lossless snubber cell is proposed to improve the turn-on and turnoff transients of the MOSFETs in nonisolated pulsewidth modulated (PWM) DC/DC converters. Switching losses and EMI noise are reduced by restricting di/dt of the reverse-recovery current and dv/dt of the drain-source voltage. The MOSFET operates at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turnoff and near zero-current-switching (ZCS) turn-on. The freewheeling diode is also commutated under ZVS. As an example, operation principles, theoretical analysis, relevant equations, and experimental results of a boost converter equipped with the proposed snubber cell are presented in detail. Efficiency of 96% has also been measured in the experimental results reported for a 1 kW 100 kHz prototype in the laboratory, Six basic nonisolated PWM DC/DC converters (buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta) equipped with the proposed general snubber cells are also shown in this paper.
MOT20: A benchmark for multi object tracking in crowded scenes (2020)

Standardized benchmarks are crucial for the majority of computer vision applications. Although leaderboards and ranking tables should not be over-claimed, benchmarks often provide the most objective measure of performance and are therefore important guides for research. The benchmark for Multiple Object Tracking, MOTChallenge, was launched with the goal to establish a standardized evaluation of multiple object tracking methods. The challenge focuses on multiple people tracking, since pedestrians are well studied in the tracking community, and precise tracking and detection has high practical relevance. Since the first release, MOT15, MOT16, and MOT17 have tremendously contributed to the community by introducing a clean dataset and precise framework to benchmark multi-object trackers. In this paper, we present our MOT20benchmark, consisting of 8 new sequences depicting very crowded challenging scenes. The benchmark was presented first at the 4thBMTT MOT Challenge Workshop at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR) 2019, and gives to chance to evaluate state-of-the-art methods for multiple object tracking when handling extremely crowded scenarios.
Three‐mode principal components analysis: Choosing the numbers of components and sensitivity to local optima (2000)

A method that indicates the numbers of components to use in fitting the three-mode principal components analysis (3MPCA) model is proposed. This method, called DIFFIT, aims to find an optimal balance between the fit of solutions for the 3MPCA model and the numbers of components. The achievement of DIFFIT is compared with that of two other methods, both based on two-way PCAs, by means of a simulation study. It was found that DIFFIT performed considerably better than the other methods in indicating the numbers of components. The 3MPCA model can be estimated by the TUCKALS3 algorithm, which is an alternating least squares algorithm. In a study of how sensitive TUCKALS3 is at hitting local optima, it was found that, if the numbers of components are specified correctly, TUCKALS3 never hits a local optimum. The occurrence of local optima increased as the difference between the numbers of underlying components and the numbers of components as estimated by TUCKALS3 increased. Rationally initiated TUCKALS3 runs hit local optima less often than randomly initiated runs.
Recent insights into the pathogenesis of Diamond–Blackfan anaemia (2006)

Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a congenital anaemia and broad developmental disease that develops soon after birth. The anaemia is due to failure of erythropoiesis, with normal platelet and myeloid lineages, and it can be managed with steroids, blood transfusions, or stem cell transplantation. Normal erythropoiesis after transplantation shows that the defect is intrinsic to an erythroid precursor. DBA is inherited in about 10-20% of cases, and genetic studies have identified mutations in a ribosomal protein gene, RPS19, in 25% of cases; there is evidence for involvement of at least two other genes. In yeast, RPS19 deletion leads to a block in ribosomal RNA biogenesis. The critical question is how mutations in RPS19 lead to the failure of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors. While this question has not yet been answered, understanding the biology of DBA may provide insight not only into the defect in erythropoisis, but also into the other developmental abnormalities that are present in about 40% of patients, and into the cancer predisposition that is inherent to DBA.
Successful Noninvasive Trisomy 18 Detection Using Single Molecule Sequencing (2013)

We successfully applied single molecule sequencing in combination with relative sequence tag density calculations for noninvasive trisomy 18 detection using free DNA from maternal plasma. However, noninvasive trisomy 13 detection was not accurate and seemed to be influenced by more than just GC content.
An approach to sequence DNA without tagging (2002)

Microarray technology is playing an increasingly important role in biology and medicine and its application to genomics for gene expression analysis has already reached the market with a variety of commercially available instruments. In these combinatorial analysis methods, known probe single-strand DNA (ssDNA) 'primers' are attached in clusters of typically 100 µm × 100 µm pixels. Each pixel of the array has a slightly different sequence. On exposure to 'unknown' target ssDNA, the pixels with the right complementary probe ssDNA sequence convert to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by a hybridization reaction. To transduct the conversion of the pixel to dsDNA, the target ssDNA is labelled with a photoluminescent tag during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification process. Due to the statistical distribution of the tags in the target ssDNA, it becomes significantly difficult to implement these methods as a diagnostic tool in a pathology laboratory. A method to sequence DNA without tagging the molecule is developed. The fabrication process is compatible with current microelectronics and (emerging) soft-material fabrication technologies, allowing the method to be integrable with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and lab-on-a-chip devices. An estimated sensitivity of 10−12 g on a 1 cm2 device area is obtained.
A Polymorphism in the Complement Component<i>C1qA</i>Correlates with Prolonged Response Following Rituximab Therapy of Follicular Lymphoma (2008)

Our findings indicate that polymorphisms in the C1qA gene may affect the clinical response and duration of response to rituximab therapy of follicular lymphoma. These results could have direct implications on designing antibodies with improved efficiency and enhance our understanding of the role of complement in monoclonal antibody therapy.
Spatial media fusion project (2002)

Most information includes some kinds of spatial data such as the address of a restaurant and the position of a person carrying a portable phone. The spatial data are useful as meta data of multimedia data because they provide spatial connections between multimedia data. The spatial data are called spatial keys because they join different contents with spatial relationships. The spatial media fusion project started last year (2000) to construct a framework of multimedia content circulation based on spatial keys. A geographic coordinate (x,y) is one kind of spatial data, but there are other kinds of spatial data, called spatial referenced data, which can be converted to geographic coordinates. We particularly focus on Japanese addresses and camera parameters as spatial referenced data. Using two kinds of spatial referenced data, we integrated text data and photo/video data in the form of spatial keys.