gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to cluster in order to transfer across domains and tasks (2017)

This paper introduces a novel method to perform transfer learning across domains and tasks, formulating it as a problem of learning to cluster. The key insight is that, in addition to features, we can transfer similarity information and this is sufficient to learn a similarity function and clustering network to perform both domain adaptation and cross-task transfer learning. We begin by reducing categorical information to pairwise constraints, which only considers whether two instances belong to the same class or not. This similarity is category-agnostic and can be learned from data in the source domain using a similarity network. We then present two novel approaches for performing transfer learning using this similarity function. First, for unsupervised domain adaptation, we design a new loss function to regularize classification with a constrained clustering loss, hence learning a clustering network with the transferred similarity metric generating the training inputs. Second, for cross-task learning (i.e., unsupervised clustering with unseen categories), we propose a framework to reconstruct and estimate the number of semantic clusters, again using the clustering network. Since the similarity network is noisy, the key is to use a robust clustering algorithm, and we show that our formulation is more robust than the alternative constrained and unconstrained clustering approaches. Using this method, we first show state of the art results for the challenging cross-task problem, applied on Omniglot and ImageNet. Our results show that we can reconstruct semantic clusters with high accuracy. We then evaluate the performance of cross-domain transfer using images from the Office-31 and SVHN-MNIST tasks and present top accuracy on both datasets. Our approach doesn't explicitly deal with domain discrepancy. If we combine with a domain adaptation loss, it shows further improvement.
Six years’ experience of using the BacT/ALERT system to screen all platelet concentrates, and additional testing of outdated platelet concentrates to estimate the frequency of false‐negative results (2005)

Between 0.03% and 0.12% of the PCs were contaminated with bacteria. BacT/ALERT is an efficient tool for monitoring PCs for bacterial contamination; however, it is important to realize that false-negative results may occur.
A resonant switch for LNA protection in watt-level CMOS transceivers (2005)

An integrated resonant switch designed to protect low-noise amplifier (LNA) circuits in CMOS transceivers is reported. The design implements the receive-path portion of a transmit/receive switch protecting 3-V-process transistors from 5 W (22-V peak) transmit signals while simultaneously helping to achieve a good LNA noise figure on receive and low power loss on transmit. Since the approach is to combine an LNA's matching network and switch functions, the design has no traditional insertion loss on receive. The effective loss to the transmitted signal is less than 0.5 dB using moderate quality inductors (Q>6) and 0.1 dB using Q=12 inductors achievable in most RF-aware CMOS silicon-on-insulator foundries at UHF through S-band frequencies.
Characterization of Hemolytic and Antifungal Substance, Cepalycin, from <i>Pseudomonas cepacia</i> (1994)

Hemolytic and antifungal substances, cepalycin I and cepalycin II, have been isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia JN106. A large amount of cepalycins were produced by growing the cells on 1% glycerin-nutrient agar medium covered with a cellophane membrane. The cell-washed supernatant was applied to an Amberlite XAD2 column, and cepalycins were eluted with 70% ethanol containing 1mM HCl. Cepalycins were separated by reverse phase HPLC in two fractions which were designated as cepalycin I and cepalycin II. The two cepalycins have indistinguishable UV absorption spectra but have different levels of hemolytic activity relative to the UV absorption. From the inhibition of hemolytic activity of cepalycin by sterols, both cepalycins were suggested to interact with cholesterol in erythrocyte membrane. Such an interaction may contribute to their hemolytic and antifungal activities.
Synthesis and Characterization of ω-Unsaturated Poly(styrene-<i>b</i>-<i>n</i>-butyl methacrylate) Block Copolymers Using TEMPO-Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization (1999)

n-Butyl methacrylate has been polymerized in bulk at 130 °C in the presence of given amounts of a nitroxide stable free radical (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) using either a low molar mass alkoxyamine initiator (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(1-phenethyloxy)piperidine) or a TEMPO-capped polystyrene macroinitiator. Complete consumption of both initiators was always observed. In contrast, very low final monomer conversions were found. Proton NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used for investigation of the polymer structure. They showed that the formed poly(n-butyl methacrylate) had the attached initiator at one end and that a block copolymer was synthesized when the polystyrene macroinitiator was used. The other terminal functionality of the polymer was not a TEMPO-based alkoxyamine but a methylene unsaturation exclusively. Particularly, no saturated polymer which would also be formed by conventional disproportionation reaction between two propagating radicals could be detected. From this result, it was concluded that the main chain-breaking event is the β-hydrogen transfer from a propagating radical to TEMPO (also called disproportionation reaction). The initial concentration of added TEMPO was shown to directly influence the poly(n-butyl methacrylate) block length independently of the initial concentration of alkoxyamine: the larger the concentration of TEMPO, the shorter the block length. The rate constant of disproportionation was calculated to be kdis = 1.4 × 106 L mol-1 s-1 at 130 °C.
Obtaining growth hormone from calf blood (1979)

The preparation of a growth hormone from human serum was used for the isolation of the hormone from calf serum. The preparation was biologically active - it increased the quantity of the free fatty acids released in rat plasma by 36.4 percent. Electrophoresis in Veronal buffer, ph 8.6, showed the presence of a single fraction having mobility intermediate between that of alpha and beta globulins. Gel filtration through Sephadex G 100 showed an elutriation curve identical to that obtained by the growth hormone prepared from pituitary glands.
Extraction of soil phosphate by anion‐exchange membrane (1964)

Abstract An anion‐exchange membrane, Permutit “Permaplex A20,” extracted phosphate from soils both when in a soil suspension and when buried in moist soil. It gave the same differentiation between soils of different P‐status as anion‐exchange resin beads, but avoided the necessity of using finely ground soil, with its attendant disadvantages.
Essential Role of CED-4 Oligomerization in CED-3 Activation and Apoptosis (1998)

Control of the activation of apoptosis is important both in development and in protection against cancer. In the classic genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans, the pro-apoptotic protein CED-4 activates the CED-3 caspase and is inhibited by the Bcl-2-like protein CED-9. Both processes are mediated by protein-protein interaction. Facilitating the proximity of CED-3 zymogen molecules was found to induce caspase activation and cell death. CED-4 protein oligomerized in cells and in vitro. This oligomerization induced CED-3 proximity and competed with CED-4:CED-9 interaction. Mutations that abolished CED-4 oligomerization inactivated its ability to activate CED-3. Thus, the mechanism of control is that CED-3 in CED-3:CED-4 complexes is activated by CED-4 oligomerization, which is inhibited by binding of CED-9 to CED-4.
Parametric resonance of a defect mode in a 2D photonic crystal (2001)

The possibility of enhancement of defect modes in photonic band gap structures through the parametric resonance is predicted when periodic modulation of the dielectric constant of the impurity is assumed. The effect is illustrated on an example of a defect mode in a two-dimensional triangular photonic crystal fabricated of GaAs rods embedded in vacuum with InSb defect. The amplitude of the electric field associated with the defect mode obtained from the numerical simulation based on finite-difference time-domain method reveals exponentially growing behavior which is in qualitative agreement with the theoretical prediction.
A Method for Displaying Metaballs by using Bézier Clipping (1994)

Abstract For rendering curved surfaces, one of the most popular techniques is metaballs, an implicit model based on isosurfaces of potential fields. This technique is suitable for deformable objects and CSG model. For rendering metaballs, intersection tests between rays and isosurfaces are required. By defining the higher degree of functions for the field functions, richer capability can be expected, i.e., the smoother surfaces. However, one of the problems is that the intersection between the ray and isosurfaces can not be solved analytically for such a high degree function. Even though the field function is expressed by degree six polynomial in this paper (that means the degree six equation should be solved for the intersection test), in our algorithm, expressing the field function on the ray by Bézier functions and employing Bézier Clipping , the root of this function can be solved very effectively and precisely. This paper also discusses a deformed distribution function such as ellipsoids and a method displaying transparent objects such as clouds.
3D Stretchable, Compressible, and Highly Conductive Metal‐Coated Polydimethylsiloxane Sponges (2016)

3D stretchable and compressible conductors with high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical stability are fabricated by electroless metal deposition of a thin layer of metals on chemically modified and 3D-interconnected polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponges. The elastic nature of PDMS materials and the flexibility of sponge-like structures open up an alternative path for the fabrication of high-performance electrical conductors for flexible electronics. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Input-output Status and Farmers' Willingness to Choose Ecological Operation of Hickory (2012)

This study takes Lin'an City which early carries out the experiment of ecological operation of hickory as the study site. On the basis of the input-output data on hickory and farmers' land, we analyze the input-output status of hickory land which practises ecological operation, the operators' willingness to accept ecological operation and the influencing factors. The results show that in the short term, ecological operation of hickory will have a certain negative impact on the economic benefits; within the experimental area, the degree of operators' willingness to accept ecological operation of hickory is high, and the operators have a clear understanding of long-term comprehensive benefits which may be brought by ecological operation; the ecological experiment and demonstration of hickory have achieved certain results; family income level, characteristics of householders, education and training, and so on, are the main factors that affect the operators' willingness to choose ecological operation. Finally, for how to further improve the promotion efficiency of ecological operation of hickory, we put forth some constructive recommendations.
Columns for Liquid-Liquid Extraction (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColumns for Liquid-Liquid ExtractionW. O. Ney Jr. and H. L. LochteCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941, 33, 6, 825–827Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50378a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50378a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Melting point depression in poly(butylene terephthalate)/polyarylate blends (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMelting point depression in poly(butylene terephthalate)/polyarylate blendsPeter P. Huo and Peggy CebeCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 12, 3127–3130Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00064a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00064a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep anisotropic etching of silicon (1999)

We are interested in etching very deep anisotropic trenches (∼100 μm) with high aspect ratios (depth/width) (∼20–50) and high etch rates (∼5 μm/min). A high density plasma helicon reactor using SF6/O2 chemistry and a cryogenic chuck has been used for etching very narrow trenches from 1.2 to 10 μm wide on n-type Si wafers with a SiO2 mask. The first results show significant features that demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Two-micron-wide trenches have been etched to a depth of 80 μm at an average etch rate of 2.7 μm/min. The resulting profiles are highly anisotropic and selectivity of Si/SiO2 is remarkably high (&gt;500).
Photocycloaddition of alkyl ketones to conjugated dienes (1970)

J. A. Barltrop and H. A. J. Carless, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 1637 DOI: 10.1039/C29700001637
Crystal Structure of Mouse Acetylcholinesterase (1999)

The crystal structure of mouse acetylcholinesterase at 2.9-A resolution reveals a tetrameric assembly of subunits with an antiparallel alignment of two canonical homodimers assembled through four-helix bundles. In the tetramer, a short Omega loop, composed of a cluster of hydrophobic residues conserved in mammalian acetylcholinesterases along with flanking alpha-helices, associates with the peripheral anionic site of the facing subunit and sterically occludes the entrance of the gorge leading to the active center. The inverse loop-peripheral site interaction occurs within the second pair of subunits, but the peripheral sites on the two loop-donor subunits remain freely accessible to the solvent. The position and complementarity of the peripheral site-occluding loop mimic the characteristics of the central loop of the peptidic inhibitor fasciculin bound to mouse acetylcholinesterase. Tetrameric forms of cholinesterases are widely distributed in nature and predominate in mammalian brain. This structure reveals a likely mode of subunit arrangement and suggests that the peripheral site, located near the rim of the gorge, is a site for association of neighboring subunits or heterologous proteins with interactive surface loops.
The impact of humic acid on metaldehyde adsorption onto powdered activated carbon in aqueous solution (2018)

Metaldehyde has been detected in surface water and drinking water in the UK, exceeding the EU and UK standard of 0.1 μg L<sup>-1</sup>. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) is considered to affect the removal efficiency of metaldehyde using traditional treatment methods such as adsorption by granular activated carbon. This paper selected humic acid (HA) to represent NOM and investigated the single and binary adsorption systems of metaldehyde and HA by powdered activated carbon (PAC). Metaldehyde was effectively removed by PAC in both systems. Since the percentage removal of metaldehyde was only 3% lower in the binary adsorption system, HA was therefore not considered as a significant compound competing with metaldehyde for adsorption sites on PAC. An adsorption equilibrium study and kinetic study for metaldehyde in a single system suggested that the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic model were more suitable in this case than the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-first order kinetic model. The two models revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity (<i>q</i> <sub>m</sub>) of metaldehyde by PAC was 28.3 mg g<sup>-1</sup> and the adsorption rate (<i>k</i> <sub>2</sub>) was 0.16 g mg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>. The effect of pH of metaldehyde solution was also investigated in a single system. Higher percentage removal of metaldehyde was found under alkaline conditions. In contrast to metaldehyde, HA was not effectively and efficiently removed by PAC in both systems, even with higher PAC dosages and longer contact times. Hence, the microporous and mesoporous PAC was suitable for removing metaldehyde even in the binary system.
Anisotropy dependence of the fluctuation spectroscopy in the critical and gaussian regimes in superconducting NaFe1−xCo x As single crystals (2018)

We investigate thermal fluctuations in terms of diamagnetism and magnetotransport in superconducting NaFe<sub>1-x</sub>Co <sub>x</sub> As single crystals with different doping levels. Results show that in the case of optimal doped and lightly overdoped (x = 0.03, 0.05) crystals the analysis in the critical as well as in the Gaussian fluctuation regions is consistent with the Ginzburg-Landau 3D fluctuation theory. However, in the case of strongly overdoped samples (x ≥ 0.07) the Ullah-Dorsey scaling of the fluctuation induced magnetoconductivity in the critical region confirms that thermal fluctuations exhibit a 3D anisotropic nature only in a narrow temperature region around T <sub>c</sub> (H). This is consistent with the fact that in these samples the fluctuation effects in the Gaussian region above T<sub>c</sub> may be described by the Lawrence-Doniach approach. Our results indicate that the anisotropy of these materials increases significantly with the doping level.
Replication Stalling at Friedreich's Ataxia (GAA)<i><sub>n</sub></i> Repeats In Vivo (2004)

Friedreich's ataxia (GAA)n repeats of various lengths were cloned into a Saccharymyces cerevisiae plasmid, and their effects on DNA replication were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis of replication intermediates. We found that premutation- and disease-size repeats stalled the replication fork progression in vivo, while normal-size repeats did not affect replication. Remarkably, the observed threshold repeat length for replication stalling in yeast (approximately 40 repeats) closely matched the threshold length for repeat expansion in humans. Further, replication stalling was strikingly orientation dependent, being pronounced only when the repeat's homopurine strand served as the lagging strand template. Finally, it appeared that length polymorphism of the (GAA)n. (TTC)n repeat in both expansions and contractions drastically increases in the repeat's orientation that is responsible for the replication stalling. These data represent the first direct proof of the effects of (GAA)n repeats on DNA replication in vivo. We believe that repeat-caused replication attenuation in vivo is due to triplex formation. The apparent link between the replication stalling and length polymorphism of the repeat points to a new model for the repeat expansion.
High Energy Density Electrochemical Capacitors Without Consumption of Electrolyte (2009)

We proposed an electrochemical capacitor that consists of a battery/double-layer capacitor or a pseudocapacitor/pseudocapacitor electrode configuration, with charge transferring during the charge and discharge processes. This is fundamentally different from exiting capacitors including conventional double-layer electrochemical capacitors and asymmetrical cells. The ions in the proposed capacitors are shuttled between two electrodes during the charge and discharge cycle. The theoretical energy density of the proposed asymmetric capacitors is as high as 60 W h/kg vs less than 15 and 25 W h/kg for conventional double-layer capacitors and battery/double-layer capacitors, respectively.
Fine Structure of Cells Infected with Human Cytomegalovirus After Treatment with 9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (1987)

Infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is characterized by cytological changes which are readily visualized by electron microscopy using ultrathin sections of infected cells. Treatment of such cells with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG), a potent inhibitor of CMV, is effective when initiated at early or late times after infection and the response to such treatment has been studied by fine structural analysis. Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis by DHPG treatment (50 microM) late in virus infection resulted in a cessation of virus growth accompanied by a lack of development and possible regression in skein-like intranuclear inclusions together with a depletion in cytoplasmic dense bodies. Such changes were accompanied by the appearance of nuclear dense bodies. These were also present when virus growth was reduced (5 microM-DHPG) rather than completely inhibited (50 microM-DHPG) by treatment initiated from the time of infection. The nuclear bodies were predominantly of a reticular type structure after the early treatment but mainly of a homogeneous form when virus growth was interrupted at late times. Their presence appeared to be connected with the ability of infected cells to initiate the synthesis of late proteins and their morphology may relate to the extent of such protein synthesis. Unlike cytoplasmic dense bodies, provisional findings on the characterization of the nuclear bodies suggested that the 69K matrix protein was not present in abundance.