gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Mach wave field radiated by supersonic turbulent shear flows (1965)

Theoretical studies of aerodynamic noise suggest that the sound field of supersonic flows will be dominated by eddy Mach waves. Recent experimental evidence supports this view. In supersonic turbulent boundary layers, and rocket exhaust flows, turbulence occurs in regions of high mean velocity gradient. At low speed, such gradients are known to amplify the sound emitted by turbulence. This paper deals with the corresponding Mach wave problem. The exact equations of sound radiation by turbulence are rearranged in a form where the equivalent sources, derivatives of the turbulence stress tensor, are shown to be dominated by one term. That term is formed from the product of the mean velocity gradient and the rate of change of density. It seems that its resemblance to the dominant source of sound in low speed shear flows is largely fortuitous. In the Mach wave case, the theory is designed to include effects of both temperature gradients and density perturbations, and the approximations of the estimate are of a type that would not be expected to be valid away from the Mach wave condition. The basic theory is used to make an estimate of the sound radiated from supersonic boundary layers, and an approximate equation relating the radiated pressure to the surface pressure is derived. Experimental evidence is then examined to show that the equation is in excellent agreement with observation. The theory is then applied to annular shear flows of the rocket exhaust type. Again an approximate equation relating near and far field pressures is established, and the paper concludes with suggestions for experiments that could check the result.
Electron beam testing: Methods and applications (1983)

Abstract There are eight e‐beam methods of testing integrated circuits. The principle and performance of the various methods will be discussed in this paper. The performance criteria are voltage resolution and the frequency range in which voltage changes can be detected. From this it is possible to decide which methods are best suited for testing the various IC types available today.
Biological Response Modifier Activity of an Exopolysaccharide from<i>Paenibacillus jamilae</i>CP-7 (2001)

An extracellular polysaccharide was purified from culture supernatants of Paenibacillus jamilae CP-7, a gram-positive bacillus that was isolated from compost prepared with olive mill wastewaters. The extracellular polysaccharide was produced under aerobic conditions in a medium containing olive mill wastewaters (80% [vol/vol]). This exopolymer had a low level of acute toxicity when it is administered to BALB/c mice by the intraperitoneal route. Interesting immunomodulatory effects were detected when mice were given 10 mg of exopolysaccharide per kg of body weight; the proliferative responses of splenocytes to B-cell and T-cell mitogens were suppressed, the in vitro levels of production of gamma interferon and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated splenocytes were enhanced, and the levels of resistance to the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was increased in mice. Also, the exopolysaccharide was able to induce lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. We conclude that P. jamilae produces an exopolysaccharide with interesting immunomodulatory properties.
Stimulation and partial stabilization of human histidyl‐tRNA synthetase by hemoglobin (1988)

Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, an enzyme against which antibodies are directed in some patients with polymyositis, has been purified 5000-fold from HeLa cells, but was extremely labile to dilution or on storage at -80 degrees C. In order to facilitate study of the biochemical and immunological properties of the enzyme, a stabilizer was sought. Hemoglobin at 2 mg/ml was found to stimulate the enzyme and also partially preserved the activity of the enzyme stored at a low concentration (less than 10 micrograms/ml). Hematin, but not the globin protein, could substitute for hemoglobin in stimulating the enzyme.
Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Originate From the Local Vessel Wall and Not Circulating Progenitor Cells in ApoE Knockout Mice (2006)

These experiments show that SMCs in atherosclerotic plaques are exclusively derived from the local vessel wall in apoE-/- mice.
Enhancing Small-Channel Convective Boiling Performance Using a Microporous Surface Coating (2001)

Performance characteristics are experimentally determined for enhanced convective boiling of FC-87 in a horizontal, small-cross-sectional-area, single-channel heater. The channel tested has a square cross section with a side length of 2 mm and a heated length of 8 cm. The heated surface of the channel is tested both with, and without, a microporous surface coating. Although few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of internal porous coatings on flow boiling, their application in this area is promising. The coating is shown to provide increases in both heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux. Convective boiling curves are generated for mass fluxes from 500 to 5000 kg/m2s and for inlet subcooling levels ranging from 2 to 31°C.
Identification of<i>MET10</i>-<i>932</i>and Characterization as an Allele Reducing Hydrogen Sulfide Formation in Wine Strains of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2010)

A vineyard isolate of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, UCD932, was identified as a strain producing little or no detectable hydrogen sulfide during wine fermentation. Genetic analysis revealed that this trait segregated as a single genetic determinant. The gene also conferred a white colony phenotype on BiGGY agar (bismuth-glucose-glycine-yeast agar), which is thought to indicate low basal levels of sulfite reductase activity. However, this isolate does not display a requirement for S-containing amino acids, indicating that the sulfate reduction pathway is fully operational. Genetic crosses against known mutations conferring white colony color on BiGGY agar identified the gene leading to reduced H(2)S formation as an allele of MET10 (MET10-932), which encodes a catalytic subunit of sulfite reductase. Sequence analysis of MET10-932 revealed several corresponding amino acid differences in relation to laboratory strain S288C. Allele differences for other genes of the sulfate reduction pathway were also detected in UCD932. The MET10 allele of UCD932 was found to be unique in comparison to the sequences of several other vineyard isolates with differing levels of production of H(2)S. Replacing the MET10 allele of high-H(2)S-producing strains with MET10-932 prevented H(2)S formation by those strains. A single mutative change, corresponding to T662K, in MET10-932 resulted in a loss of H(2)S production. The role of site 662 in sulfide reduction was further analyzed by changing the encoded amino acid at this position. A change back to threonine or to the conservative serine fully restored the H(2)S formation conferred by this allele. In addition to T662K, arginine, tryptophan, and glutamic acid substitutions similarly reduced sulfide formation.
Development Status of the Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal Amine Swing-Bed System (CAMRAS) (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Under a cooperative agreement with NASA, Hamilton Sundstrand has successfully designed, fabricated, tested and delivered three, state-of-the-art, solid amine prototype systems capable of continuous CO<sub>2</sub> and humidity removal from a closed, habitable atmosphere. Two prototype systems (CAMRAS #1 and #2) incorporated a linear spool valve design for process flow control through the sorbent beds, with the third system (CAMRAS #3) employing a rotary valve assembly that improves system fluid interfaces and regeneration capabilities. The operational performance of CAMRAS #1 and #2 has been validated in a relevant environment, through both simulated human metabolic loads in a closed chamber and through human subject testing in a closed environment. Performance testing at Hamilton Sundstrand on CAMRAS #3, which incorporates a new valve and modified canister design, showed similar CO<sub>2</sub> and humidity removal performance as CAMRAS #1 and #2, demonstrating that the system form can be modified within certain bounds with little to no effect in system function or performance.</div>
ChemInform Abstract: ACID‐CATALYZED FORMATION OF IMIDAZOLES FROM 2H‐AZIRINES OR VINYLAZIDES AND NITRILES (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Azirins (I) mit den Nitrilen (II) in Gegenwart von BF 3 ‐etherat liefert die Imidazole (III); mit dem Cyanacetat (IV) wird ein Gemisch der Produkte (V)‐(VIII) erhalten.
Studies of Polymerization and Ring Formation. XXI. Physical Properties of Macrocyclic Esters and Anhydrides. New Types of Synthetic Musks (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of Polymerization and Ring Formation. XXI. Physical Properties of Macrocyclic Esters and Anhydrides. New Types of Synthetic MusksJulian W. Hill and Wallace H. CarothersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 12, 5039–5043Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01339a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01339a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PTB/nPTB switch: a post-transcriptional mechanism for programming neuronal differentiation: Figure 1. (2007)

Neuronal differentiation involves extensive reprogramming of gene expression. Many neuronal-specific genes are actively repressed in nonneuronal cells, while many others are induced in response to cell differentiation cues. Together these constitute the transcriptome in neurons to instruct specific neuronal functions (Rosenfeld et al. 2006). The transcriptome in neurons is further diversified by alternative splicing, arising from the expression of a number of neuronal-specific RNA-binding splicing regulators (Black and Grabowski 2003). In this issue of Genes & Development, Boutz et al. (2007b) report a novel switch in the expression of a pair of related splicing regulators that occurs during neuronal differentiation. These proteins, known as polypyrimidine tractbinding proteins (PTB) and neural PTB (nPTB), are structurally and functionally similar, but PTB is widely expressed in nonneuronal cells, and nPTB is restricted to neurons. Remarkably, ∼25% of neuronally induced alternative splicing events detected by mRNA isoform-sensitive splicing arrays are estimated to result from the down-regulation of PTB, and the up-regulation of its neuronal-specific cousin nPTB.
Inhibition of intravacuolar acidification by antisense RNA decreases osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro (1999)

The role of proton transport and production in osteoclast differentiation was studied in vitro by inhibiting the transcription/translation of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) by antisense RNA molecules. Antisense RNAs targeted against CA II, or the 16 kDa or 60 kDa subunit of V-ATPase were used to block the expression of the specific proteins. A significant decrease in bone resorption rate and TRAP-positive osteoclast number was seen in rat bone marrow cultures and fetal mouse metacarpal cultures after antisense treatment. Intravacuolar acidification in rat bone marrow cells was also significantly decreased after antisense treatment. The CA II antisense RNA increased the number of TRAP-positive mononuclear cells, suggesting inhibition of osteoclast precursor fusion. Antisense molecules decreased the number of monocytes and macrophages, but increased the number of granulocytes in marrow cultures. GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-6 were used to stimulate haematopoietic stem cell differentiation. The 16 kDa V-ATPase antisense RNA abolished the stimulatory effect of GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-6 on TRAP-positive osteoclast formation, but did not affect the formation of monocytes and macrophages after IL-3 treatment, or the formation of granulocytes after IL-6 treatment. These results suggest that CA II and V-ATPase are needed, not only for the actual resorption, but also for osteoclast formation in vitro.
[Morphologic characteristics and clinical significance of Neiguan (PC 6)]. (2010)

Perpendicularly needling Neiguan (PC 6) for 3 fen (6.68 mm), 5 fen (12.37 mm) and 1.4 cun (30.87 mm) will stimulate the nervus vascularis of the rich part of surface, middle and deep connective tissues respectively and produce the acupuncture effect. During the acupoint injection, perforating the needle perpendicularly at the middle point of the two tendons or deviating slightly to the direction of tendon of palmaris longus can avoid the damage of the median nerve cord.
Petroleum applications of virtual reality technology: Introducing a new paradigm (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Petroleum applications of virtual reality technology: Introducing a new paradigmAuthors: Mons MidttunChristopher GiertsenMons MidttunNorsk Hydro Research Centre and Christopher GiertsenChristian Michelsen Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820558 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820558FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByV30 May 20173D visualization of a rock sample, Rotliegend sandstone, Southern Permian Basin: applications for core analysis and petrophysics1 January 2005 | Geological Society, London, Petroleum Geology Conference series, Vol. 6, No. 1Virtual reality ‐ adding value to exploration and productionMons Midttun and Rolf Helland4 January 2005A virtual reality system for interdisciplinary petroleum exploration and productionChristopher Giertsen and Mons Midttun6 January 2005Interactive Tools for Virtual X-Ray Vision in Mobile Augmented Reality SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Mons Midttun and Christopher Giertsen, (1998), "Petroleum applications of virtual reality technology: Introducing a new paradigm," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 703-706. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820558 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Isradipine and Other Calcium Channel Antagonists Attenuate Ethanol Consumption in Ethanol‐Preferring Rats (1992)

The present work is concerned with studying of the ability of different calcium channel antagonists to modify voluntary ethanol ingestion by rats selectively bred for high ethanol preference. The compounds were given s.c. thrice daily for 5 days at doses that did not produce locomotor impairment. While nifedipine, darodipine, and verapamil (each at the dose of 20 mg/kg thrice daily) produced a modest reduction in ethanol intake, isradipine (at the dose of 1 mg/kg three times a day) reduced ethanol intake by over 70%. For all compounds, the reduction in ethanol intake was compensated by a proportional increase in water consumption and the inhibitory effect persisted throughout the 5 days of treatment. The data indicate that calcium channel antagonists exhibit quite different potency in reducing ethanol preference, however this action is a general property of this class of compounds.
Existence Theorems of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Cone Saddle Points for Vector-Valued Mappings (2014)

A new existence result of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-vector equilibrium problem is first obtained. Then, by using the existence theorem of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-vector equilibrium problem, a weakly<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-cone saddle point theorem is also obtained for vector-valued mappings.
Mepacrine inhibits fMLP-induced activation of human neutrophil granulocytes, leukotriene B4 formation, and fMLP binding (1992)

Pulmonary sequestration and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) are characteristic of many forms of acute lung injury. The present experiments were designed to study the effects of mepacrine on human neutrophils challenged with N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Mepacrine inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide production and degranulation in a dose-dependent manner with Kd values of 2.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(-7) M and 5.7 +/- 1.3 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Stimulation of PMNLs by 10(-6) M fMLP provoked the formation of barely detectable amounts of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) (< 5 pg/10(7) cells). Pretreatment of the cells with cytochalasin B augmented generation of LTB4 in response to fMLP (339 +/- 79 pg/10(7) cells). LTB4 formation was also inhibited by mepacrine (50% inhibitory concentration 1.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(-6) M). Furthermore, mepacrine inhibited the specific binding of [3H]fMLP to neutrophils with a Ki value of 1.4 +/- 0.4 x 10(-5) M. Mepacrine decreased the receptor binding affinity without altering the number of receptors. These findings demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of mepacrine is response dependent and suggest that this action of mepacrine could, in part, be attributed to a decrease in fMLP receptor affinity.
Leveraging the Value of Multi-azimuth (MAZ) Seismic through MAZ-stack (2008)

The growing demand for energy requires that the search for hydrocarbons must extend into more challenging settings and become more reliant on technology, exposing the limitations of conventional 3D marine seismic. This decade has seen a major response to these challenges in the marine setting, in the form of Wide Azimuth seismic acquisition, like Multi-Azimuth, Wide Azimuth Towed Streamer, Nodes and OBC. These methods illuminate the sub-surface more completely, and sample problematic 3D noise across azimuth as well as offset for better attenuation during stack. These surveys are much more expensive to acquire and process, so it is thus important to lever all the value from the data. This paper discusses two seismic processing options to lever additional value from MAZ data. The first, MAZ-Stack, has been developed to weight up signal in areas of poor illumination, in other words, to favour strong signal over weak/absent signal. This approach has the effect of reducing fold and so decreases random noise suppression. The second technique, 3D warping, extends an existing method to align sub-surface seismic volumes, and so minimize registration errors between the azimuth stacks which result from imperfect knowledge of the sub-surface velocity field.
Elimination of Proliferating Cells Unmasks the Shift from Senescence to Quiescence Caused by Rapamycin (2011)

This approach revealed that rapamycin efficiently converted nutlin-induced-senescence into quiescence. In the presence of rapamycin, nutlin-arrested MCF-7 cells retained the proliferative potential and small/lean morphology. Using this approach, we also unmasked senescence in cells arrested by low levels of ectopic p21, capable to arrest only a small proportion of HT1080-p21-9 cells. When p21 did cause arrest, mTOR caused senescent phenotype. Rapamycin and high concentrations of nutlin-3a, which inhibit the mTOR pathway in these particular cells, suppressed senescence, ensuring quiescence instead. Thus, p21 causes senescence passively, just by causing arrest, while still active mTOR drives senescent phenotype.
Parathyroid cell proliferation in normal and chronic renal failure rats. The effects of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D. (1995)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by an increase in parathyroid (PT) cell number, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and secretion. It is still unknown as to what stimuli regulate PT cell proliferation and how they do this. We have studied rats with dietary-induced secondary hyper- and hypoparathyroidism, rats given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and rats after 5/6 nephrectomy for the presence of PT cell proliferation and apoptosis. PT cell proliferation has been measured by staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis by in situ detection of nuclear DNA fragmentation and correlated with serum biochemistry and PTH mRNA levels. A low calcium diet led to increased levels of PTH mRNA and a 10-fold increase in PT cell proliferation. A low phosphate diet led to decreased levels of PTH mRNA and the complete absence of PT cell proliferation. 1,25 (OH)2D3 (25 pmol/d x 3) led to a decrease in PTH mRNA levels and unlike the hypophosphatemic rats there was no decrease in cell proliferation. There were no cells undergoing apoptosis in any of the experimental conditions. The secondary hyperparathyroidism of 5/6 nephrectomized rats was characterized by an increase in PTH mRNA levels and PT cell proliferation which were both markedly decreased by a low phosphate diet. The number of PCNA positive cells was increased by a high phosphate diet. Therefore hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and uremia lead to PT cell proliferation, and hypophosphatemia completely abolishes this effect. Injected 1,25 (OH)2D3 had no effect. These findings emphasize the importance of a normal phosphate and calcium in the prevention of PT cell hyperplasia.
swm: An X Window Manager Shell. (1990)

swm is a policy-free, user configurable window manager client for the X Window System. Besides providing basic window manager functionality, swm introduces new features not found in existing window managers. First and foremost, swm has no default look-and-feel. Like the X Window system itself, swm does not dictate policy (look-and-feel); rather, it provides the mechanism for implementing window management policy. Users are not required to learn a new programming language to modify its behavior; instead, simple objects with associated actions determine swm’s operation. Its major advantage over other window managers is a feature called the Virtual Desktop. The Virtual Desktop effectively makes the X root window larger than the physical limits of the display and can be panned in a number of ways, including scrollbars, a panner object, or window manager commands. Besides window management, swm also provides primitive session management. It can save a user’s current window layout and restart those clients when X is restarted. swm can restart clients regardless of what toolkit they were built on or what remote host (if any) they were running on. All relevant client information is restored, including window position and size, icon position, and the state of the client. 1.