gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) in human brain: regional distribution of IGF II and of higher molecular mass forms. (1985)

Twenty-four distinct areas of human brain were analyzed for the presence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). As reported for cerebrospinal fluid, only IGF II-like immunoreactivity, but no significant amounts of IGF I-like immunoreactivity, could be found. Upon gel permeation chromatography, two to five distinct size classes were separated on the basis of their immunoreactivity. The smallest component had an apparent molecular mass of 7.5 kDa, identical to the one of purified IGF II from human serum. Radioimmunoassays and a bioassay also gave results indistinguishable from those of serum IGF II. The highest amounts of IGF II-like immunoreactivity occur in the anterior pituitary--namely, 20-25 pmol equivalents/g of wet weight. This is up to 100 times more than in most other brain regions analyzed. The higher molecular mass immunoreactive species were partially characterized. After immunoaffinity purification, the 38- and 26-kDa species are active in a bioassay. Specific IGF-binding protein activity could be shown after purification of the 38- and 26-kDa species on an IGF-affinity column. The 13-kDa species released significant amounts of 7.5-kDa material. The results are interpreted as evidence for the presence of IGF II synthesized locally in human brain. The structure of the larger forms of IGF II-like immunoreactive material as well as the function of IGF II in brain are not yet known.
Selective Nanoscale Positioning of Ferritin and Nanoparticles by Means of Target‐Specific Peptides (2006)

Ferritin about for Ti: The cage-shaped protein supramolecule apoferritin is genetically modified to have Ti-specific affinity peptides outside its protein shell (minT1-LF). Mobile peptides bestow a strong adsorption force to a Ti surface and the placement of minT1-LF with ferrihydrite or Co3O4 nanoparticles onto nanometric Ti patterns is experimentally demonstrated. This biological method opens up a new pathway to nanoparticle placement (the picture shows minT1-LF; four subunits are removed to show the NP core). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2006/z600220_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Native low density lipoprotein. Endothelial cell recruitment of mononuclear cells. (1991)

The effect of native low density lipoprotein (LDL) on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (EC) recruitment of mononuclear cells (Monos) was investigated. ECs were exposed to LDL at atherogenic concentrations (240 mg cholesterol [Chol]/dl) for as long as 4 days (LDL-treated ECs). LDL-treated ECs bound substantially greater amounts of freshly isolated human monocytes and U937 cells than did control ECs. The enhanced Mono binding was time and LDL concentration dependent. LDL-induced binding was reduced to control levels when cycloheximide was added together with LDL, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was required. Furthermore, this LDL effect was not a general feature of apolipoproteins, as high density lipoprotein in physiologically relevant concentrations (45 mg Chol/dl, 4 days) had no effect on EC-Mono binding. Conditioned media from LDL-treated EC cultures did not increase EC binding of Monos. In contrast, minimally modified LDL increased EC-Mono binding more than eightfold. In conclusion, LDL in concentrations associated with the premature development of atherosclerosis increased EC affinity for Monos. Such LDL-induced alterations in EC physiology likely represent a proinflammatory response and an early step in atherogenesis.
Blood Flow Rates by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements (1959)

Blood flow rates may be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time measurements. A set of experiments carried out on the flow of blood in mice tails has demonstrated the feasibility of the scheme. Two simple measurement methods are described, and the pertinent equations are given. In addition, some procedures for using nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance for tracing the flow of specific materials in the body are outlined.
INCREASED RISK OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS OBSERVED IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES (2008)

Background: A recent review of the literature documented a considerable increase in pancreatitis incidence in Western Countries. Because many clinical factors frequently associated with diabetes are also risk factors for pancreatitis, it seems likely that the risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes would be higher than that of the general population. Objective: To investigate whether adults with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of acute pancreatitis than adults without diabetes. Methods: This was a retrospective claims database analysis using eligibility, pharmacy and medical claims data from a large US health plan affiliated with i3 Innovus between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2005. Subjects in the type 2 diabetes cohort had a diagnosis code on a medical claim for type 2 diabetes and a prescription claim for an antidiabetic agent. Subjects in the non-type 2 diabetes cohort had no evidence of diabetes as defined above. Cohorts were matched 1:1 on gender and age categories with 337,067 subjects in each group. The ICD 9 code for acute pancreatitis was used to identify cases. Patients were required to be enrolled in the database for at least 12 months prior to the event of acute pancreatitis with no evidence of pancreatitis during that period. Results: There was a 2.83-fold (95% CI 2.61, 3.06) greater exposure adjusted incidence of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to the cohort without type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and associated risk factors have the potential to increase the incidence of acute pancreatitis in the population. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and ascertain the causal pathways. Clinicians should be aware that compared to the general population, patients with type 2 diabetes may be at higher risk for developing acute pancreatitis.
Power minimization in heterogeneous processing (1996)

Optimizing power during the partitioning and scheduling of tasks on to multiple heterogeneous VLSI processors is an important new problem. This paper presents a new methodology and initial analysis of power in heterogeneous systems for real-time computationally-intensive applications. Minimization of latency and interprocessor communication are studied along with voltage scaling techniques to study relative power savings. Task duplication, data regeneration, loop winding and loop unrolling are also supported. A large, complex, real industrial application-audio compression, donated by Motorola-is used to study the power savings using different heterogeneous system implementations. Results show that up to 10-fold improvement in estimated power is attainable for this complex application. Data regeneration, task duplication and loop unrolling techniques provided up to 51%, 6% and 20% savings in power respectively. This research is important for industry, since power dissipation considerations at the early stages of design are crucial for mapping high-performance applications into cost-efficient and reliable heterogeneous systems.
Double Helix Does Chemistry at a Distance—But How? (1997)

Add yet another startling ability to the DNA résumé. A Report in this issue ( p. 1465 ) presents evidence that the DNA double helix can perform chemistry at a distance. When light strikes a metal complex tethered to one end of a DNA molecule, a chemical change takes place far down the helix, causing a patch of damaged DNA to be mended. The feat supports the controversial possibility that DNA's unique structure allows it to behave like a conductive wire, which would be an even more impressive attribute.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL APPROACH TO FUNCTIONALIZATION OF AZINES. OXIRANYL AND THIIRANYL DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDINE, QUINOLINE, AND ISOQUINOLINE (1985)

Abstract Die heterocyclischen Aldehyde (I) lassen sich mit Dimethylsulfoniummethylid (II) in die Epoxide (III) umwandeln, die mit KSCN neben den Vinylazinen (V) die Episulfide (IV) ergeben.
Relationship between center-peaked plasma density profiles and harmonic electromagnetic waves in very high frequency capacitively coupled plasma reactors (2014)

An understanding of the factors that control radial plasma uniformity in very high frequency (VHF) capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) sources is important for many plasma processes in semiconductor device manufacturing. Here, we report experimental measurements and high-resolution self-consistent numerical simulations that illustrate the plasma density profile and the higher harmonic wave content in two types of VHF-CCP test-bench reactors. A distinct sharp center peak superimposed on a broad center peak in argon plasma was observed for driving frequencies of 60 and 106 MHz. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations of the electric field power spectrum reveal the presence of UHF waves when the electron density is over 5 × 10 16 (#/m 3 ). The presence of UHF waves closely correlates with the occurrence of a distinct and sharp-center-peaked electron density. The numerical simulations show that specific frequency bands in the UHF spectrum are amplified in the plasma and lead to the evolution of the sharp-center-peaked electron density.
The ERalpha/ERbeta ratio determines oxidative stress in breast cancer cell lines in response to 17Beta‐estradiol (2012)

The effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) are mediated through activation of estrogen receptors (ER): ERalpha and ERbeta. It is known that ERalpha/ERbeta ratio is higher in breast tumors than in normal tissue. Since antioxidant enzymes and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial biogenesis regulators, our aim was to study the E2-effect on oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme expression, and UCPs in breast cancer cell lines with different ERalpha/ERbeta ratios. The lower ERalpha/ERbeta ratio T47D cell line showed low ROS production and high UCP5 levels. However, the higher ERalpha/ERbeta ratio MCF-7 cell line showed an up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and UCPs, yet exhibited high oxidative stress. As a result, a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and UCP2 protein levels, coupled with an increase in oxidative damage was found. On the whole, these results show different E2-effects on oxidative stress regulation, modulating UCPs, and antioxidant enzymes, which were ERalpha/ERbeta ratio dependent in breast cancer cell lines.
Global proteomic profiling of native outer membrane vesicles derived from <b><i>Escherichia coli</i></b> (2007)

Gram-negative bacteria constitutively secrete native outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) into the extracellular milieu. Although recent progress in this area has revealed that OMVs are essential for bacterial survival and pathogenesis, the mechanism of vesicle formation and the biological roles of OMVs have not been clearly defined. Using a proteomics approach, we identified 141 protein components of Escherichia coli-derived native OMVs with high confidence; two separate analyses yielded identifications of 104 and 117 proteins, respectively, with 80 proteins overlapping between the two trials. In the group of identified proteins, the outer membrane proteins were highly enriched, whereas inner membrane proteins were lacking, suggesting that a specific sorting mechanism for vesicular proteins exists. We also identified proteins involved in vesicle formation, the removal of toxic compounds and attacking phage, and the elimination of competing organisms, as well as those involved in facilitating the transfer of genetic material and protein to other bacteria, targeting host cells, and modulating host immune responses. This study provides a global view of native bacterial OMVs. This information will help us not only to elucidate the biogenesis and functions of OMV from nonpathogenic and pathogenic bacteria but also to develop vaccines and antibiotics effective against pathogenic strains.
Assembly of Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Proteins onto a Lentivirus Pseudotype That Infects Primary Human Hepatocytes (2007)

This study demonstrates that the envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) could be incorporated into the lipid membrane of lentivirus pseudotype particles. The assembly procedure was initiated by the transfection of 293T cells with three plasmids: (i) a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) packaging construct, (ii) a transfer plasmid expressing a reporter gene, and (iii) a plasmid expressing large (L), middle (M), and small (S) HBV envelope proteins. After 2 days, hepatitis B surface antigen and the antigenic forms of L, M, and S were detected at the cell surface by flow cytometry. Also, virus particles that were able to infect cultured primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were released. Under optimal conditions, 50% of PHH could be infected. In addition, the susceptibility of PHH and the resistance of other cell types to the pseudotype particles were similar to those observed for HBV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV), which shares the same L, M, and S. Furthermore, the infection of PHH by the pseudotype was sensitive to known inhibitors of HBV and HDV entry. These findings of specific and efficient infection of hepatocytes could be applicable to liver-specific gene therapy and may help clarify the attachment and entry mechanism used by HBV and HDV.
Verification methodology of sophisticated automotive sensor interfaces integrated in modern system-on-chip airbag system (2013)

The tremendous growth in silicon integration capability in recent years, together with the increasing demand of safety requirements in automotive applications, led to the integration of single units, constituting an automotive airbag system into a single System on Chip (SoC) tailored to the specific application and characterized by the complexity of its digital core. The development of sophisticated digital algorithms for airbag peripheral sensor data decoding, processing and transmitting to the main airbag deployment event, requires also the development of more complex processes for the verification of these functionalities to meet the target of a first-time-right design, which is strongly demanded in the modern automotive electronics industry. In this context, the paper addresses the verification challenges of such complex SoC products and presents a novel verification setup suitable for the verification of complex automotive sensor interfaces integrated in a modern airbag SoC system interacting with analogue hardware with the aim to bridge the gap between ?speed? and ?accuracy? of classical simulation of complex ICs. The verification setup includes a full event-driven simulation at system level and an FPGA with an analogue test chip prototype for the acceleration of the verification. At an early phase (before product tape-out), the setup allows not only to verify the design against its specification, but also to verify the product in its application context - in-circuit verification, helping customers to gain confidence later at the system integration process. Therefore it significantly improves the quality of the whole design chain as well as the time-to-market.
Mapping of shallow Tunnel Valleys combining 2D and 3D Seismic Data (2012)

In this study 19 tunnel valleys within block 2/4 in the central North Sea basin have been mapped. Furthermore, the possibility for these valleys to act as migration paths for leaked gas has been evaluated. In January 1989 a kick occurred while drilling well 2/4-14 in the area of study, hence the pertinence of evaluating this hypothesis at this locality is evident. The work has been performed using multichannel 2D lines and a conventional 3D seismic survey. The quality of the 2D and 3D data is clearly dissimilar at shallow burial depths, as the 2D data is considered to be high-resolution while the 3D data is low-resolution. However, both data sets have proved to give valuable information on the valley morphology. Great details about the extent and basal morphology have been retrieved from the conventional 3D volume; whereas seismic characteristics of the valley infill have been interpreted from the 2D lines. Tunnel valleys are major, elongated incisions carved into sediments or permeable bedrock during glaciations. They tend to be sinuous in planform, but might also appear as straight valleys. Tunnel valleys often consist of several cut- and fill-structures, both laterally and vertically, and thus form a network of interconnected valleys. This has also been observed in the area of study. No sedimentological logs have been available in the study. Hence, the interpretations of valley fill lithologies are based on the seismic characteristics, and thereby they are quite cautious. The typical fill sequence observed correlates fairly good with similar valleys mapped in the area previously. A lower part of chaotic reflectors, believed to be glaciofluvial sands and gravels, is overlain by sub-horizontal layers of glaciomarine mud. Moreover, velocity pull-up effects are seen in the underburden of some of the valleys. These indicate relatively high velocities of the infill sediments, and hence, it is likely to be clayey tills. Even so, the possibility of gas migration within the tunnel valley system is believed to be conspicuous.
Diversity in Butane Monooxygenases among Butane-Grown Bacteria (1999)

Butane monooxygenases of butane-grown Pseudomonas butanovora, Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5, and an environmental isolate, CF8, were compared at the physiological level. The presence of butane monooxygenases in these bacteria was indicated by the following results. (i) O(2) was required for butane degradation. (ii) 1-Butanol was produced during butane degradation. (iii) Acetylene inhibited both butane oxidation and 1-butanol production. The responses to the known monooxygenase inactivator, ethylene, and inhibitor, allyl thiourea (ATU), discriminated butane degradation among the three bacteria. Ethylene irreversibly inactivated butane oxidation by P. butanovora but not by M. vaccae or CF8. In contrast, butane oxidation by only CF8 was strongly inhibited by ATU. In all three strains of butane-grown bacteria, specific polypeptides were labeled in the presence of [(14)C]acetylene. The [(14)C]acetylene labeling patterns were different among the three bacteria. Exposure of lactate-grown CF8 and P. butanovora and glucose-grown M. vaccae to butane induced butane oxidation activity as well as the specific acetylene-binding polypeptides. Ammonia was oxidized by all three bacteria. P. butanovora oxidized ammonia to hydroxylamine, while CF8 and M. vaccae produced nitrite. All three bacteria oxidized ethylene to ethylene oxide. Methane oxidation was not detected by any of the bacteria. The results indicate the presence of three distinct butane monooxygenases in butane-grown P. butanovora, M. vaccae, and CF8.
Preparation and Properties of Serum and Plasma Proteins. XXVIII. The β<sub>1</sub>-Metal-combining Protein of Human Plasma<sup>1a, b</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Serum and Plasma Proteins. XXVIII. The β1-Metal-combining Protein of Human Plasma1a, bBernard A. KoechlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 10, 2649–2653Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01130a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01130a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FGF-10 induces<i>SP-C</i>and<i>Bmp4</i>and regulates proximal-distal patterning in embryonic tracheal epithelium (2004)

The induction, growth, and differentiation of epithelial lung buds are regulated by the interaction of signals between the lung epithelium and its surrounding mesenchyme. Fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10), which is expressed in the mesenchyme near the distal tips, and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), which is expressed in the most distal regions of the epithelium, are important molecules in lung morphogenesis. In the present study, we used two in vitro systems to examine the induction, growth, and differentiation of lung epithelium. Transfilter cultures were used to determine the effect of diffusible factors from the distal lung mesenchyme (LgM) on epithelial branching, and FGF-10 bead cultures were used to ascertain the effect of a high local concentration of a single diffusible molecule on the epithelium. Embryonic tracheal epithelium (TrE) was induced to grow in both culture systems and to express the distal epithelial marker surfactant protein C at the tips nearest the diffusible protein source. TrE cultured on the opposite side of a filter to LgM branched in a pattern resembling intact lungs, whereas TrE cultured in apposition to an FGF-10 bead resembled a single elongating epithelial bud. Examination of the role of BMP4 on lung bud morphogenesis revealed that BMP4 signaling suppressed expression of the proximal epithelial genes Ccsp and Foxj1 in both types of culture and upregulated the expression of Sprouty 2 in TrE cultured with an FGF-10 bead. Antagonizing BMP signaling with Noggin, however, increased expression of both Ccsp and Foxj1.
Percutaneous ablation: safe, effective treatment of bone tumors. (2005)

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of osteoid osteomas has replaced surgical excision as the preferred method for treatment of these benign lesions, due to high effectiveness and low morbidity. Both RFA and cryoablation are safe and effective for palliation of pain due to metastatic disease in patients who have failed conventional therapies. These image-guided treatments can be performed precisely, allowing safe treatment of complex metastatic tumors. A single ablation treatment is effective in most patients, is well tolerated, and provides a long duration of pain relief