gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal effect of sonophoresis for accelerating the analgesic effect of local anesthetics on rat tail nerve (2008)

Sonophoresis is an ultrasound transdermal drugs delivery system. The eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) has been used clinically for anesthesia but requires at least one hour to take effect and lacks of analgesia's objective assessment. We proposed that sonophoresis could reduce the duration of EMLA analgesia effect onset and be assessed by sensory conduction studies. Thirty Wistar adult rats were randomized into normal, control, ultrasound-, and heat-treatment groups. Normal group was received no EMLA cream or ultrasound and heat treatment. The control group received the EMLA cream on the rat tail at 3.5 cm distal to the rat tail base for local anesthesia of tail nerve. Ultrasound- and heat-treatment groups were received ultrasound with different parameters and heat treatment, respectively, before EMLA cream applied. Sensory conduction studies of tail nerve were made before and after treatment every 5 min at least for 60 min in all rats. There was no significant difference between the EMLA control group and heat treatment group. All rats in ultrasound-treatment group exhibit significant difference with EMLA control group and heat-treatment group in time for decreased 20% SNCV except for the 2 W/cm(2), 25 min, 20% in ultrasound-treatment group having no significant difference with heat-treatment group. There was no significant difference between ultrasound-treatment subgroups. In the decrease of amplitude, only the 2 W/cm(2), 5 min, 100% and the 2 W/cm(2), 10 min, 50% in ultrasound-treatment group had significant difference between EMLA control and heat-treatment groups. We have objectively examined the sonophoresis effect of ultrasound by investigating the effects of EMLA. Applying ultrasound for 5 min reduces the onset time of EMLA analgesia from 60 min to less than 20 min. Ultrasound sonophoresis of analgesic drugs is potentially useful in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, tooth extraction, and other applications of analgesia.
Synthesis, export, and assembly of Aeromonas salmonicida A-layer analyzed by transposon mutagenesis (1985)

Suicide plasmid pJB4JI, containing transposon Tn5 and phage Mu, was introduced into Aeromonas salmonicida 449 which produces a surface protein array known as the A-layer. Kanamycin-resistant exconjugants of 449 with altered ability to produce the A-layer were selected by virtue of their altered colonial morphology and color on medium containing the dye Congo red. Analysis of culture supernatants, periplasmic shock fluid, outer membranes, and whole-cell lysates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody to A-protein revealed five classes of single-insertion mutations that affected the ability of cells to produce and export A-protein and to assemble the A-layer. These studies suggest that A-protein is produced from a single chromosomal gene. The subunits subsequently pass through the periplasm and across the outer membrane. At least one gene product is required for this export. Assembly of A-layer on the cell surface then requires the presence of O polysaccharide chains on the lipopolysaccharide. In one case, insertion of Tn5 resulted in loss of ability to produce both A-protein and lipopolysaccharide with O polysaccharide chains, suggesting that synthesis of A-protein and synthesis of lipopolysaccharide may involve coordinate regulation.
Modeling risk prediction of diabetes &#x2014; A preventive measure (2014)

Databases in clinical scenario have tremendous amount of data regarding patients and clinical history associated. Here, data mining plays vital role in searching for patterns within huge clinical data that could provide useful basis of knowledge for efficient and effective decision-making. Classification mechanism is widely used tool of data mining employed in healthcare applications to facilitate disease diagnosis and prediction. Usually medical dataset are high dimension in nature containing many insignificant attributes or features and result poor classification with inaccuracies. Feature selection is a technique used for preprocessing the high-dimensional data to reduce data dimension and to remove redundant and irrelevant features. This paper provides a systematic data mining approach for selecting best indicators of diabetes among many attributes present in the database and gives an appropriate model to track the diabetes before its onset. It selects the most appropriate classifier model for the given dataset through voting mechanism to achieve best accuracy and eliminating any biased result.
Easyalign: an automatic phonetic alignment tool under praat (2011)

We provide a user-friendly automatic phonetic alignment tool for continuous speech, named EasyAlign.It is developed as a plug-in of Praat, the popular speech analysis software, and it is freely available.Its main advantage is that one can easily align speech from an orthographic transcription.It requires a few minor manual steps and the result is a multi-level annotation within a TextGrid composed of phonetic, syllabic, lexical and utterance tiers.Evaluation showed that the performances of this HTK-based aligner compare to human alignment and to other existing alignment tools.It was originally fully available for French, English.Community's interests for its extension to other languages helped to develop a straight-forward methodology to add languages.While Spanish and Taiwan Min were recently added, other languages are under development.
An Hybrid Approach Of Low Frequency Room Equalization: Notch Filters Based On Common Acoustical Pole Modeling (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
Techniques for Correcting Transmission Errors in Video Adaptive Delta Modulation Channels (1976)

We investigated the effects of channel errors on an adaptive delta modulator used to encode video signals. The investigation revealed that channel errors caused a permanent shift in the dc level of the delta modulator's estimate. Errors in the step size, on the other hand, were transitory and had no noticeable effect on the received pictures. We then presented three error correction schemes to minimize the visibility of the channel errors in the received picture. The first scheme required the transmitter to periodically send the correct dc level of the estimate to the receiver. The second method employed a leaky integrator, and the third method used line-to-line interpolation.
Ecdysiostatins and Allatostatins in <i>Schistocerca gregaria</i> (1998)

status: Published
The Study on Ferromagnetic Resonance Linewidth for NM/80NiFe/NM (NM=Cu, Ta, Pd and Pt) Films (2001)

The out-of-plane angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was measured for NM/80NiFe(Py)/NM (NM=Cu, Ta, Pd and Pt) films with various Py, Cu and Ta thicknesses fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The out-of-plane angular dependences of FMR resonance field and linewidth were analyzed using Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation taking account of broadening of linewidth due to magnetic inhomogeneities in a film. Magnetic inhomogeneities were assumed to be the fluctuation of magnitude and direction of the effective demagnetization field which contains both demagnetization and perpendicular anisotropy field for a film. The calculations of the angular variations of linewidth agreed with the experimental ones quantitatively. The fluctuations of magnitude and direction of the effective demagnetization field, which are represented as Δ(4π M eff. ) and Δθ H , respectively, increased with decreasing Py thickness for all NM/Py/NM films. Δθ H increased as the thicknesses of the buffer layers increased for Cu/Py(40 Å)/Cu films and was almost constant with increasing buffer layer thickness for Ta/Py(40 Å)/Ta films. Only in the case of NM=Pd and Pt films, the Gilbert damping parameter, which is the speed of decay of magnetization precession, was enhanced significantly as compared with that for the bulk sample and was dependent on Py thickness.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RAW MATERIALS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF CHINESE PORCELAIN AND STONEWARE BODIES AND THE RESULTING MICROSTRUCTURES* (2011)

The microstructures of porcelain and stoneware bodies from north and south China, spanning the period from the Tang to the Ming dynasty (7th–17th centuries ad ), were examined in polished sections in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after etching the sections with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Mullite, present as fine, mainly elongated crystals, is the dominant crystalline phase observed. The bulk chemical compositions of the bodies are determined by energy‐dispersive spectrometry in the SEM, and the relative amounts of mullite and quartz present in the different ceramics are estimated from X‐ray diffraction measurements. Mullite formed from areas of kaolinitic clay, mica particles and feldspar particles is distinguished through a combination of the arrangement of the mullite crystals, and the associated SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 wt% concentration ratios. It is shown that very different microstructures are observed in ceramic bodies produced using kaolinitic clay from north China (Ding porcelain and Jun stoneware), porcelain stone from south China ( qingbai and underglaze blue porcelain and Longquan stoneware), and stoneware clays from south China (Yue and Guan stonewares). Therefore, SEM examination of HF‐etched, polished sections of the bodies of high‐refractory ceramics has considerable potential for investigating the raw materials used in their production.
Visual Path Prediction in Complex Scenes with Crowded Moving Objects (2016)

This paper proposes a novel path prediction algorithm for progressing one step further than the existing works focusing on single target path prediction. In this paper, we consider moving dynamics of co-occurring objects for path prediction in a scene that includes crowded moving objects. To solve this problem, we first suggest a two-layered probabilistic model to find major movement patterns and their cooccurrence tendency. By utilizing the unsupervised learning results from the model, we present an algorithm to find the future location of any target object. Through extensive qualitative/quantitative experiments, we show that our algorithm can find a plausible future path in complex scenes with a large number of moving objects.
Algorithmic specification of a specialized processor for spectrometric applications (2002)

The algorithmic specification of a specialized processor under development, dedicated to spectrometric application, is presented. The processor is intended to perform the correction of spectrometric and/or chromatographic measurements data subject to errors of diversified origins using sophisticated digital-signal-processing algorithms. The set of algorithms to be implemented in the processor is proposed. Its suitability for implementation in an application-specific integrated circuit is demonstrated by functional design of corresponding processor dedicated to spectrometric applications.
Bioconversion of Methylamine in Biofilters (1997)

Abstract Bioconversion of methylamine (MA) was studied using two sets of biofilters arranged in three stages and packed with inoculated peat-based media of initial pH 7.89 and 4.77, respectively. Tests were made to compare effects of initial media pH on the performance of the filter and on the variation of physicochemical properties of the medium for treating MA. A MA loading of 3.50 g nitrogen per m3 medium per hour was kept in the first stages of both filters. Results indicated that all the influent MA was hydrolyzed to ammonia in the pH range of 7.5 to 8.5. About 1/3 of the ammonia nitrogen was nitrified to nitrate and 1/3 was converted into organic or cell nitrogen. Properties of the media varied over time and with the height of the packing. The neutral medium performed well compared with the acid one. Maximum absorption capacities of 40 g ammonia-N and 42 g nitrate-N per kilogram of dry medium were observed for the neutral medium. Maximum rate of nitrification was 0.69 g nitrogen per m3 medium per hour, which occurred in the middle stage of the filter with the medium at a pH of 7.6 and containing a moisture of 55%.
Dissolution of iron during the initial corrosion of carbon steel in aqueous H<sub>2</sub>S solutions (1979)

The dissolution of iron from carbon steel in aqueous H 2 S solutions has been studied as a function of time and temperature at 0.1 MPa H 2 S pressure using the rotating disc technique. The iron sulfide film formed on the disc surface has been identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The solubility and dissolution rate of synthesized mackinawite, FeS (1−x) , have also been determined to help establish the mechanism of release of iron from carbon steel corroding in aqueous H 2 S solutions.The rate data have been analysed by an equation for a joint chemical and transport controlled process. At 22 °C and 0.1 MPa H 2 S, the maximum rate of release of Fe 2+ , obtained by extrapolating the data to infinite rotation speed, is 7.4 ± 0.5 μmol/m 2 s. This is similar to the dissolution rate determined for synthesized mackinawite powders, but is 20 times faster than the rate of dissolution for troilite and more than 1000 times faster than the dissolution rates for pyrrhotite and pyrite. Thus, troilite and iron sulfide phases that form subsequently are not major contributors to Fe 2+ release during the corrosion of carbon steel.At 22 °C the diffusion coefficient for the FeSH + ion is (1.4 ± 0.2) × 10 −9 m 2 /s and the activation energy of the diffusion process is 25 ± 7 kJ/mol. The chemical reaction occurring at the surface has an activation energy of 77 ± 14 kJ/mol.It is concluded that the release of iron from corroding carbon steel is governed by the dissolution rate of mackinawite, the initial corrosion product. This dissolution is controlled by the chemical reaction between mackinawite and H + and by the transport of the complexed FeSH + from the interface to the bulk solution.
Privacy-aware role based access control (2007)

Privacy has been acknowledged to be a critical requirement for many business (and non-business) environments. Therefore, the definition of an expressive and easy-to-use privacy related access control model, based on which privacy policies can be specified, is crucial. In this work we introduce a family of models (P-RBAC) that extend the well known RBAC model in order to provide full support for expressing highly complex privacy-related policies, taking into account features like purposes and obligations. We also compare our work with access control and privacy policy frameworks such as P3P, EPAL, and XACML.
Highly efficient xDSL line drivers in 0.35-μm CMOS using a self-oscillating power amplifier (2003)

The design of two highly efficient line drivers in a digital 0.35-μm, 3.3-V technology are presented. The self-oscillating power amplifier (SOPA) architecture has been developed in order to obtain a high efficiency for systems with a high crest factor like discrete multitone modulated xDSL modems. The SOPA architecture is an unclocked switching-type line driver. By using self-oscillation and noise-shaping, a high signal linearity can be obtained for low over-switching ratios. By coupling two SOPA line drivers with a signal transformer, the two limit cycle oscillations are pulled toward synchronization. This gives an important mean switching frequency suppression toward the line. The need for an extra filter dealing with the mean switching frequency is in that way heavily relaxed. A zeroth-order SOPA and a third-order SOPA are prototyped. The zeroth-order line driver meets ADSL-Lite specifications with a missing tone power ratio (MTPR) of 41 dB for an 800-kHz bandwidth. The maximum efficiency is 41%. The third-order version meets ADSL and VDSL specifications with an MTPR of 56 dB and an 8.6-MHz bandwidth. An efficiency of 47% was measured for an ADSL signal with a crest factor >5.
Commercialization of the ECN MILENA gasification technology: (2014)

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<i>The 3B20D Processor & DMERT Operating System</i>: Overview, Architecture and Performance of DMERT (1983)

A process-oriented operating system, the Duplex Multiple Environment Real Time (DMERT) operating system, was designed for the 3B20D Processor and offers both real-time and time-shared operation, with emphasis on high availability. The design objectives and architecture of the DMERT operating system and an explanation of how the system performance is characterized are presented. A companion article describes in depth the DMERT operating system design.
Hsa-miR-222 Is Involved in Differentiation of Endometrial Stromal Cells in Vitro (2009)

Decidualization is a critical step during embryo implantation and characterized by the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) into decidual cells. Because miRNAs are important determinants of cellular fate specification, in this study, the miRNA expression in ESCs during in vitro decidualization was profiled by using a microarray. Significance analysis of microarrays revealed that 49 miRNA genes were differently (>2-fold) expressed between the noninduced ESCs and induced ESCs with a false discovery rate of 0. The expression variance of hsa-miR-222, 221, 143, 101, 30d, 30c, 181b, 27b, 29b, 507, and 23a was validated by using quantitative PCR (P < 0.05). Based on microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression variance and predicted target genes of miRNAs, a bioinformatic model of miRNAs controlling ESCs differentiation was formulated. Finally, we proved that down-regulation of has-miR-222 could decrease the number of cells in S phase during ESCs differentiation (P < 0.05). Antisense oligonucleotides of has-miR-222 could increase reporter gene expression by targeting the 3' untranslated regions of CDKN1C/p57kip2 mRNAs as well as increase CDKN1C/p57kip2 protein levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that a subset of miRNAs play a key role in gene reprogramming during ESCs decidualization and that hsa-miR-222 participates in ESC differentiation by regulating ESCs terminally withdrawing from the cell cycle.
Multiple Resources and Mental Workload (2008)

The most important application of the multiple resource model is to recommend design changes when conditions of multitask resource overload exist.
Simultaneous brain-computer interfacing and motor control: Expanding the reach of non-invasive BCIs (2012)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have traditionally been developed for paralyzed and locked-in individuals with no motor control. However, there is a much larger population of patients with some residual motor function as well as the general population of able-bodied individuals, both of whom could benefit significantly from BCIs. An important question that has yet to be systematically studied is: can subjects use BCIs simultaneously with overt motor activity? We present results from a preliminary study aimed at exploring this question. Three subjects used hand motor imagery in an electroencephalographic (EEG) BCI while simultaneously using a joystick to control a cursor. Particular attention was paid to preventing potential muscle artifacts from influencing imagery-based control. All three subjects were able to use the hybrid "imagery+joystick" mode of control over two days, demonstrating the ability to learn and significantly improve performance. These results suggest that subjects can potentially augment their normal human sensorimotor capability by exercising direct brain control over devices concurrently with overt motor control.
Cultured microbes represent a substantial fraction of the human and mouse gut microbiota (2017)

During the last 15 years, molecular techniques have been preferred over culture-based approaches for the study of mammalian gut microbiota, i.e. the communities of microorganisms dwelling in the intestine of mammals. The main reason is the belief that the majority of gut bacteria, especially strict anaerobes, escape cultivation. Despite numerous such statements in publications, the literature does not provide a clear overview on the subject. In the present manuscript, we highlight recent work on the cultivation of bacteria from the intestine of mammals, review the literature and provide novel data pertaining to cultured fractions of mammalian gut microbiota. These data show that, despite marked inter-sample variations, 35 to 65% of molecular species detected by sequencing have representative strains in culture.
Ground rules for dealing with health care plans. (1999)

A new AAFP document maps out the high ground for family physicians' relationships with managed care organizations.
Evaluation of cerebral visual functions in low myopic adolescents (2021)

AIM: To explore whether low myopia would affect cerebral visual functions by comparing perceptual eye position (PEP), fixation stability and stereoacuity tests between low myopic and normal adolescents. METHODS: Totally 120 adolescents matched in age and gender participated in our study. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their refractive states. The cerebral visual functions tested in our study included perceptual eye position (PEP), fixation stability and stereoacuity. Stereoacuity tests involved in our study could be categorized into two parts. The first part was classical stereo tests including Titmus and synoptophore stereo test. The second part was 3D random-dot test for zero-order stereoacuity (hereinafter as zero-order test) at different viewing distances (0.8 m and 1.5 m). RESULTS: The deviation of horizontal PEP was significantly larger in non-anisometropia when compared to control group. Both horizontal and vertical PEP bias pixels were significantly larger in anisometropia group. Both non-anisometropia group and anisometropia group had more trouble in holding their fixation stable. Moreover, anisometropia group had more abnormal results than other two groups. And in zero-order test at 1.5 m, both non-anisometropia and anisometropia had more abnormal results in stereoacuity than control group. The correlation between fixation stability and near stereoacuity (Titmus and zero-order stereoacuity at 0.8 m) was weak and positive. CONCLUSION: Low myopic adolescents still have certain defects in cerebral visual functions. Examinations used in our study are useful in assessing cerebral visual functions. They could provide better follow-up evaluation and solid ground for further specific treatments in treating defects of cerebral visual functions. So far, local retinal environment has been the focus of the development in myopia. Our results suggested that researchers might pay more attention on visual cortex in studying the mechanisms of myopia in the near future.
Aqueous bromine etching of InP: a specific surface chemistry (2012)

Abstract The n ‐InP behaviour in HBr (0.1‐1.0 M)/Br 2 (1.25 × 10 ‐2 M) aqueous solutions is studied by AAS, XPS and SEM‐FEG. Indium AAS‐titrations of the HBr/Br 2 solutions demonstrate that InP undergoes an etching mechanism whatever the HBr/Br 2 formulation. The etching process is always linear with time but its rate depends on the HBr concentration. XPS analyses permit to link the apparent slow‐down of the dissolution process when decreasing the HBr molarity from 1.0 M to 0.1 M to the presence of a mixed (In,P) ox oxide layer on the surface. Therefore, the dissolution process of InP in HBr/Br 2 solution appears to be ruled by the surface chemical state (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A general approach to triphenylenes and azatriphenylenes: total synthesis of dehydrotylophorine and tylophorine (2008)

A convergent and flexible synthesis of substituted triphenylenes, azatriphenylenes, and the cytotoxic alkaloids dehydrotylophorine and tylophorine has been developed.