gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An effective numerical method for solving viscous–inviscid interaction problems (2005)

This paper presents a new numerical method to solve the equations of the asymptotic theory of separated flows. A number of measures was taken to ensure fast convergence of the iteration procedure, which is employed to treat the nonlinear terms in the governing equations. Firstly, we selected carefully the set of variables for which the nonlinear finite difference equations were formulated. Secondly, a Newton-Raphson strategy was applied to these equations. Thirdly, the calculations were facilitated by utilizing linear approximation of the boundary-layer equations when calculating the corresponding Jacobi matrix. The performance of the method is illustrated, using as an example, the problem of laminar two-dimensional boundary-layer separation in the flow of an incompressible fluid near a corner point of a rigid body contour. The solution of this problem is non-unique in a certain parameter range where two solution branches are possible.
Therapeutic vaccination to block receptor?ligand interactions (2003)

Many chronic diseases are caused by non-physiological interactions of certain ligands with their receptors. Conventional treatment of these diseases with synthetic drugs or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is efficient, but problematic due to the non-compliance of patients and the risk of adverse side effects. Novel therapeutic approaches are focusing on strategies of active immunisation aimed at the induction of a humoral immune response directed against the deleterious receptor–ligand interaction. Autoantibody production has been achieved by several vaccine formulations, including conjugates of self-antigens to foreign T helper (Th) cell epitopes, virus-like particles coated with self-antigens, and naked DNA vectors. All of these approaches have the potential to be developed for clinical use if important safety issues, related to the possible long-term presence of self-reactive antibodies in the serum of vaccinated individuals and the risk of undesired T cell responses, can be properly addressed.
A possible divergent role for the oestrogen receptor alpha and beta subtypes in clinical breast cancer (2000)

We have examined the relative levels of oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) mRNA in 94 breast cancer specimens using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR procedure. We correlated its expression with ERalpha and various clinical, pathological and biochemical features of the disease. The level of ERbeta mRNA expression in these samples was found to be much lower than ERalpha. Although ERalpha mRNA species were found to be most frequently associated with histological grade I and II tumours, displaying tubular differentiation, low grades of nuclear pleomorphism and low mitotic activity, such features were not characteristic of ERbeta positive samples. Indeed, application of the Spearman rank correlation test revealed that there was an inverse association between ERbeta normalised levels and ERalpha protein HScore. Also ERbeta mRNA positive cancers were more frequently EGFR protein positive than their negative counterparts (p = 0.016), a feature normally associated with endocrine-insensitive disease. Our data suggest that although ERbeta levels are most likely lower than ERalpha, they may influence the biological behaviour of breast cancers containing low levels of ERalpha.
Development of executive routines, both hardware and software (1967)

Much has been written about Executive Routines (or Operating Systems) especially in the light of the present vogue for time-sharing and multi-processors. This present tutorial is an attempt to show the engineer what functions are contained in these executives. It starts with the most rudimentary form of executive and builds up to the most complex one. At all stages the executive system described is the most complex one for the biggest computer system. Smaller systems would leave out some of the functions.
[Effect of DNA methyltransferases 1 inhibition on proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in ACC-M line]. (2009)

Inhibition of DNMT-1 is able to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of ACC-M cells in vitro and in vivo.
HM-ANN: Efficient Billion-Point Nearest Neighbor Search on Heterogeneous Memory. (2020)

The state-of-the-art approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms face a fundamental tradeoff between query latency and accuracy, because of small main memory capacity: To store indices in main memory for fast query response, They have to limit the number of data points or store compressed vectors, which hurts search accuracy. The emergence of heterogeneous memory (HM) brings opportunities to largely increase memory capacity and break the above tradeoff: Using HM, billions of data points can be placed in main memory on a single machine without using any data compression. However, HM consists of both fast (but small) memory and slow (but large) memory, and using HM inappropriately slows down query time significantly. In this work, we present a novel graph-based similarity search algorithm called HM-ANN, which takes both memory and data heterogeneity into consideration and enables billion-scale similarity search on a single node without using compression. On two billion-sized datasets BIGANN and DEEP1B, HM-ANN outperforms state-of-the-art compression-based solutions such as L&C and IMI+OPQ in recall-vs-latency by a large margin, obtaining 46% higher recall under the same search latency. We also extend existing graph-based methods such as HNSW and NSG with two strong baseline implementations on HM. At billion-point scale, HM-ANN is 2X and 5.8X faster than our HNSW and NSG baselines respectively to reach the same accuracy.
Improving aviation accident research through the use of video (1989)

The investigation and analysis of aviation accidents is a critical aspect of aviation safety and a major tool for aviation system improvement. The National Transportation Safety Board is charged with the responsibility of determining the probable cause of aviation accidents, identifying contributing factors, and making recommendations for changes to equipment or procedures as a result of their investigations. The intent is to identify what went wrong and prevent its recurrence -- to learn from the errors of others and, thus, save lives and property.
Amplification and overexpression of the <i>ABCC3</i> (MRP3) gene in primary breast cancer (2012)

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) of active transporters comprises a group of proteins that which facilitate efflux of anticancer drugs from cancer cells. We focused on the gene amplification and protein expression of ABCC3 (also known as MRP3) in breast cancer cell lines and clinical tumor samples. Fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization, using an ABCC3-specific probe, was used to analyze 11 breast cancer cell lines and 112 clinical tumor samples. The results of ABCC3 were correlated with the amplification status of HER2 and topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), which are located close to ABCC3 at 17q12-q21. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess ABCC3 protein overexpression. Of the cell lines studied 6 HER2-positive lines and 1 HER2-negative line exhibited amplification of ABCC3. In the HER-2-negative clinical tumor samples, only 4/55 (7.3%) exhibited ABCC3 amplification. In the HER2-positive tumors, ABCC3 was amplified in 16/57 tumors (28.1%, P=0.0059). TOP2A did not exhibit any consistent coamplification pattern. ABCC3 (MRP3) protein overexpression was more common in tumors with gene amplification (P=0.069). In silico analysis of 804 breast cancers with matched gene expression and copy number microarray data revealed significant differences ABCC3 across the molecular subtypes. Specifically, increased ABCC3 mRNA and gene copy numbers were most prominent in HER2 amplified and/or HER2-enriched classified tumors. Moreover, differential ABCC3 mRNA levels were found within the HER-2 amplified subset when stratified by the estrogen receptor status. We conclude that ABCC3 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in HER2-positive breast cancer, and something that warrants further studies correlating the results with therapeutic outcome.
Contrastive Learning with Stronger Augmentations (2021)

Representation learning has significantly been developed with the advance of contrastive learning methods. Most of those methods have benefited from various data augmentations that are carefully designated to maintain their identities so that the images transformed from the same instance can still be retrieved. However, those carefully designed transformations limited us to further explore the novel patterns exposed by other transformations. Meanwhile, as found in our experiments, the strong augmentations distorted the images' structures, resulting in difficult retrieval. Thus, we propose a general framework called Contrastive Learning with Stronger Augmentations~(CLSA) to complement current contrastive learning approaches. Here, the distribution divergence between the weakly and strongly augmented images over the representation bank is adopted to supervise the retrieval of strongly augmented queries from a pool of instances. Experiments on the ImageNet dataset and downstream datasets showed the information from the strongly augmented images can significantly boost the performance. For example, CLSA achieves top-1 accuracy of 76.2% on ImageNet with a standard ResNet-50 architecture with a single-layer classifier fine-tuned, which is almost the same level as 76.5% of supervised results. The code and pre-trained models are available in https://github.com/maple-research-lab/CLSA.
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Stemming from Castor Oil: Green Synthesis and Their Application in Wood Bonding (2017)

We report an efficient and green approach to synthesize a linear castor oil-based polyurethane (CPU) without using any solvent or catalyst. Diol monomers were first synthesized by the aminolysis reaction between castor oil and diamines; this was accomplished within 6 h at 130 °C. Polymerization of the diols and isocyanate was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and gel permeation chromatography analyses. The resultant CPUs showed a good thermal stability with an initial degradation temperature higher than 300 °C, and their mechanical and wood bonding property can be modulated by the structures of diamine. In addition, the CPUs possessed a satisfying water resistance property with the water absorption amount lower than 2%. The green conversion of castor oil to thermoplastic polyurethane affords new opportunities in bio-based industries.
A 3D World Model Builder with a Mobile Robot (1992)

This article describes a system to incrementally build a world model with a mobile robot in an unknown environment. The model is, for the moment, segment based. A trinocular stereo system is used to build a local map about the environment. A global map is obtained by integrating a sequence of stereo frames taken when the robot navigates in the environment. The emphasis of this article is on the representation of the uncer tainty of 3D segments from stereo and on the integration of segments from multiple views. The proposed representation is simple and very convenient to characterize the uncertainty of segment. A Kalman filter is used to merge matched line seg ments. An important characteristic of our integration strategy is that a segment observed by the stereo system corresponds only to one part of the segment in space, so the union of the different observations gives a better estimate on the segment in space. We have succeeded in integrating 35 stereo frames taken in our robot room.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> resistance to antibiotics in Europe and its relationship to antibiotic consumption (2012)

In many countries the high rate of clarithromycin resistance no longer allows its empirical use in standard anti-H pylori regimens. The knowledge of outpatient antibiotic consumption may provide a simple tool to predict the susceptibility of H pylori to quinolones and to macrolides and to adapt the treatment strategies.
Spread spectrum technology for the command post on the move (2002)

Discusses the operating conditions for broadband CDMA cellular systems as they may be used for mobile command posts. The authors conclude that the mobile command post will permit communication of voice and data with no performance degradation as compared to a fixed command post.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sequence of hepatitis B virus DNA incorporated into the genome of a human hepatoma cell line (1985)

Seven copies of integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and contiguous genomic DNA from a human hepatoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) have been isolated by molecular cloning and have been partially sequenced. The HBV sequences are fragmented and rearranged. Thus, the surface antigen gene is the only intact HBV transcription unit present in these integrated sequences. The sites of integration-recombination are dispersed over the entire viral genome; there is some preference for integration within the double-stranded portion of the genome. There are no repeats at the ends of the integrated HBV DNA fragments. Thus, recombination does not take place in a manner resembling the integration of retroviruses. The sequence data suggest that each HBV fragment is of the adw subtype. However, the integrated DNAs show an unexpected degree of sequence divergence. Direct evidence for the duplication, transposition, and subsequent divergence of two sequences is presented. The data surprisingly suggest that infection-integration of four distinct adw strains occurred.
Aortic Debridement-Long-term Follow-up (1971)

The clinical and hemodynamic data available in the five-to eight-year follow-up of 45 patients who underwent aortic debridement for aortic stenosis are presented. Eight patients (18%) remain in follow-up (average duration 6.4 years) with excellent clinical results. Twenty-seven (60%) of these patients have undergone a second operative procedure for correction of aortic stenosis, having achieved an average of 4.3 years of palliation prior to the second operative procedure. Including the operative deaths occurring with the second procedure and the subsequent follow-up of these patients, 29 patients are alive with average follow-up period of 5.7 years. Two of these deaths were not due to cardiovascular disease. Substantial residual aortic gradients were compatible with excellent periods of palliation, provided a reduction of the gradient for the particular patient was achieved. We feel that operative debridement for aortic stenosis, when technically feasible, is a realistic approach to this disease state. Although reoperation may eventually be necessary in the course of the patient's disease, a significant period of palliation with limited morbidity is gained by the patient.
Cross‐reactivity and clinical impact of the antibody response to hepatitis C virus second envelope glycoprotein (E2) (2001)

The genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can profoundly affect the success of antiviral therapy for HCV infection. A possible contributing factor is a varied immune response elicited by infection with different HCV genotypes. In this study, full-length E2 proteins of HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b were used to determine the fraction of the humoral immune response to HCV E2 that is genotype specific. Greater than 90% of all infected individuals had serum antibodies to the four E2 proteins. Overall, individuals infected with genotype 1a or 1b were characterized by variable immune responses to HCV E2 with relatively high amounts of cross-reactivity with other E2 proteins. Individuals infected with genotype 2a or 2b exhibited a strong preferential reactivity to genotype 2a and 2b E2 proteins. Individuals with elevated titers to HCV E2 were more likely to be infected with genotype 2a and had a significantly lower median viral load. These findings indicate that the antibody response to HCV E2 is affected by the genotype of the virus and that induction of a strong humoral immune response to HCV E2 may contribute to a decreased viral load. J. Med. Virol. 65:23–29, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Acquiring paraphrases from text corpora (2009)

Paraphrases are textual expressions that convey the same meaning using different surface forms. Capturing the variability of language, they play an important role in many natural language applications includ ing question answering, machine translation, and multi-document summarization. In linguistics, paraphrases are characterized by approximate conceptual equivalence. Since no automated semantic interpretation systems available today can identify conceptual equivalence, paraphrases are difficult to acquire without human effort. In this paper, we present a method for automatically acquiring paraphrases using a monolingual corpus. We learn paraphrases at both the surface and lexico-syntactic levels and build two paraphrase resources each containing about 2 million phrases. We evaluate these paraphrases extrinsically by using them to learn patterns for Information Extraction (IE). We show that the lexico-syntactic paraphrases performs better than the surface-level paraphrases for IE. We further show that the patterns learned using the lexico-syntactic paraphrases attain comparable performance to the traditional IE approach of learning patterns from domain-specific corpora.
TPartition: testbench partitioning for hardware-accelerated functional verification (2004)

This hybrid dynamic simulation scheme implements part of the simulator in software running on a processor and maps the rest onto a programmable hardware accelerator. An algorithm for hardware synthesis of behavioral testbenches enables better partitions, resulting in lower communication costs between the two components. TPartition improves the performance of hardware accelerated simulation without a designer's remodeling effort and without losing compatibility with the original testbench.
Speaking of Learning… (2014)

I have no doubt that many of you who read this book will be captivated by it, just as I have been captivated. This book is woven through evocative stories told by masterful educators who came together to explore the meanings of learning, teaching, and life. For those who have read Speaking of Teaching, it is not a surprise to hear, again, the profoundly touching, humane, and imaginative voices of these authors. This book draws me in, touches my heart, and refreshes my mind. âHongyu Wang, Professor, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, US The authors invite us to join them in asking, âWhat else can learning be?â What else indeed? What is beyond the recipes, rubrics, formulas, and credentials of contemporary education? Deep in the heart of their own personal stories, told and untold, spoken and unspoken, the authors search and tell. With an artful admixture of stories, poems, artwork, and reflections, this book is a rare opportunity to listen in on an eight-year extended conversation amongst these gifted educators as they become increasingly present in their learning journeys. âArden Henley, Professor and Principal, Canadian Programs, City University of Seattle, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Residual Stress Measurement in Sapphire-Fiber Composites: Through-Focus and Transmission Fluorescence Spectroscopy (1995)

A method to non-intrusively measure stresses both at and below the surface of structural components is developed. Based on the piezo-spectroscopic effect in optical fluorescence, this technique affords high-accuracy stress measurement with spatial resolution on the order of one micron. The theoretical basis for the piezo-spectroscopic effect is reviewed, and several concepts relevant to its application are established. The applicability of fluorescence spectroscopy to stress measurement is demonstrated on two sapphire-fiber reinforced composites, one with γ-TiAl and the other with α-Ti as the matrix. The residual stress distributions along the fibers are measured using a through-focusing procedure, and a mean volume stress is determined using a transmission fluorescence configuration. The effective temperature below which residual stresses can no longer be relieved by creep and yielding is determined using an elastic model. In the TiAl-matrix composite, this temperature is approximately 400‡C below the processing temperature, indicating extensive stress relaxation during cooling. The elastic solution fails to provide a reasonable estimate of the stress-free temperature for the Ti-matrix system. This is attributed to extensive matrix yielding, and a complete treatment will require incorporation of inelastic constitutive behavior into the model.
Frequently asked questions on TeX and answers to them (CSTUG FAQ) (2005)

Online verze
Oral Bioavailability of Hyperforin from Hypericum Extracts in Rats and Human Volunteers (1998)

Validated analytical methods suitable for determining hyperforin in plasma after administration of alcoholic Hypericum perforatum extracts containing hyperforin are described. After oral administration of 300 mg/kg Hypericum extract (WS 5572, containing 5% hyperforin) to rats maximum plasma levels of approximately 370 ng/ml (approx. 690 nM) were reached after 3 h, as quantified by a HPLC and UV detection method. Estimated half-life and clearance values were 6 h and 70 ml/min/kg respectively. Since therapeutic doses of Hypericum extracts are much lower than that used in rats, a more sensitive LC/MS/MS method was developed. The lower limit of quantification of this method was 1 ng/ml. Using this method, plasma levels of hyperforin could be followed for up to 24 h in healthy volunteers after administration of film coated tablets containing 300 mg hypericum extracts representing 14.8 mg hyperforin. The maximum plasma levels of approximately 150 ng/ml (approx. 280 nM) were reached 3.5 h after administration. Half-life and mean residence time were 9 and 12 h respectively. Hyperforin pharmacokinetics were linear up to 600 mg of the extract. Increasing the doses to 900 or 1200 mg of extract resulted in lower Cmax and AUC values than those expected from linear extrapolation of data from lower doses. Plasma concentration curves in volunteers fitted well in an open two-compartment model. In a repeated dose study, no accumulation of hyperforin in plasma was observed. Using the observed AUC values from the repeated dose study, the estimated steady state plasma concentrations of hyperforin after 3 x 300 mg/day of the extract, i.e., after normal therapeutic dose regimen, was approximately 100 ng/ml (approx. 180 nM).
Lactational Responses to Postruminal Administration of Proteins and Amino Acids (1975)

Rumen by-pass of nutrients has improved performance of lactating dairy cows, growing stepers, and sheep. Postruminal supplementation of casein has increased milk production 1 to 4 kg per cow per day and milk protein yield by 10 to 15%. Component(s) in casein eliciting the improved performance have not been determined adequately. Glucose, amino acids, hormone secretion, or a combination of these factors may be responsible for the improved performance. Future research to delineate limiting nutrients for postruminal supplementation should prove fruitful and should make a major contribution to improved production by ruminant animals.
New Technologies for Diagnosing and Monitoring Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy (1999)

Previous studies have documented the reproducibility of these instruments and suggested analytic techniques for improving their ability to differentiate between normal and glaucoma eyes. Our results indicate that despite overlap in values, these instruments provide measurements that reflect clinically relevant features of the optic disc and RNFL. Whether these technologies can improve our ability to detect glaucomatous progression over time needs to be determined with well-designed longitudinal studies and comparison with established diagnostic techniques for evaluating glaucomatous optic neuropathy.