gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure Identification in Smart Grids Based on Petri Net Modeling (2011)

This paper presents a method to identify and localize failures in smart grids. The method is based on a carefully designed Petri net (PN) that captures the modeling details of the protection system of the distribution network and allows the detection/identification of failures in data transmission and faults in the distribution network by means of simple matrix operations. The design of the PN model is carried out by carefully composing multiple PN models for single protection systems: Such an approach allows the identification of the faults despite possible strong penetration of distributed generation. In order to verify the method, two case studies are discussed. The results highlight that the proposed method can remove a lot of the complexity of the associated data analysis despite the possible presence of malfunctioning protection systems and misinformation due to communication and other errors.
An animal model of filtration surgery. (1985)

An animal model for glaucoma fistulising surgery is described. The model is designed to fail after a few weeks. It is suggested that the model may be used to investigate the effects of topical or systemic agents on the results of glaucoma surgery. The preliminary results of intraocular pressure and facility of outflow in the control group of rabbits are presented.
Determination of Uranium-235 by Gamma Scintillation Spectrometry (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Uranium-235 by Gamma Scintillation SpectrometryG. H. Morrison and J. F. CosgroveCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 12, 1770–1771Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60132a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60132a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The value of serial ANCA testing during follow-up studies in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides. A review (1996)

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) have specificity for cytoplasmic proteins of myeloid cells. Many antigens recognized by ANCA have already been described. In most patients with primary forms of vasculitis such as Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), the Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), ANCA with specificity for either proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO) can be detected. The diagnostic potential of these antibodies is now fairly well established. In a patient with signs and symptoms of vasculitis, anti-PR3 suggests a diagnosis of WG, whereas anti-MPO is associated with WG, CSS, MPA, and with idiopathic necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. Anti-MPO, however, also occurs, incidentally, in other diseases. During follow-up studies, it has been shown that the persistence of ANCA or its reappearance is a risk factor for relaspe and/or poor renal outcome. In addition, rising ANCA levels are associated with recurrence in many cases. ANCA increases are, however, not invariably followed by relapse and high levels of ANCA may be found during clinical remission. So, different functional characteristics of antibodies may be of importance with respect to the development of relapses. Functional characteristics that might be important in disease reactivation include: subclass distribution, the capacity of ANCA to induce oxygen radicals, its capacity to inhibit the irreversible inactivation of proteinase 3 by al-antitrypsin, and/or its capacity to inhibit the proteolytic activity of PR3. ANCA levels may be either used to institute ''pre-emptive'' therapy, or to closely monitor patients to detect early signs of disease relapse, or to adopt an approach in which reductions of immunosuppressive treatment are postponed in those patients who remain ANCA positive. In a prospective study, relapses were prevented when treatment was started immediately after an increase in ANCA titers. These data, however, must be confirmed by studies on larger groups of patients. Hence, there is still an obvious need for more prospective studies.
GP-39 PRODUCTION BY DISC CELLS (2008)

Purpose : High levels of the chitinase 3-like protein HC-gp39 (human cartilage glycoprotein 39) have been found in the synovial fluid and sera of patients with arthritis. Although the function of this protein is unclear, in chondrocytes at least it appears to limit catabolic responses to cytokines such as Il-1b. Here we have investigated secretion of this protein by intervertebral disc cells and determined if its production is influenced by extracellular osmolarity. Methods : Cells were isolated from bovine caudal discs by enzyme digestion and cultured in DMEM in alginate beads for 6 days. Medium osmolarity was increased in the physiological range by sodium/potassium addition. Supernatants were collected every 2 days and replaced with fresh media. At the end of experiment the supernatants were used for lactate determination and for detection of GP-39 by western blotting. Beads were assayed for glycosaminoglycans, cell viability and cell density. Results : GP-39 was a major protein secreted by disc cells. It was evident on day 2 at low osmolarities. By day 4 concentrations in the medium had increased significantly and the protein was present mainly in fragmented form, particularly at high osmolarities. Osmolarity had no effect on cell density or viability. Rates of lactate production and GAG accumulation were greatest at high osmolarities. Discussion : Changes in osmolarity, equivalent to those experienced by disc cells during the diurnal loss and regain of fluid content, had significant effects on cell metabolism and influenced production of GP-39. Osmotic changes might thus influence responses of disc cells to inflammatory signals.
Design Approaches for a Cycling Adsorbent/Photocatalyst System for Indoor Air Purification: Formaldehyde Example (2008)

A kinetic model for a cycling adsorbent/photocatalyst combination for formaldehyde removal in indoor air (Chin et al. J. Catalysis 2006, 237, 29-37) was previously developed in our lab, demonstrating agreement with lab-scale batch operation data of other researchers (Shiraishi et al. Chem. Engineer. Sci. 2003, 58, 929-934). Model parameters evaluated included adsorption equilibrium and rate constants for the adsorbent (activated carbon) honeycomb rotor, and catalytic rate constant for pseudo-first-order formaldehyde destruction in the titanium dioxide photoreactor. This paper explores design consequences for this novel system. In particular, the batch parameter values are used to model both adsorbent and photocatalyst behavior for continuous operation in typical residential home challenges. Design variables, including realistic make-up air fraction, adsorbent honeycomb rotation speed, and formaldehyde source emission rate, are considered to evaluate the ability of the system to achieve World Health Organization pollutant guidelines. In all circumstances, the size of the required rotating adsorbent bed and photoreactor for single-stage operation and the resultant formaldehyde concentration in the home are calculated. The ability of how well such a system might be accommodated within the typical dimensions of commercial ventilation ducts is also considered.
TRANSFER OF PORCINE MHC DR?? INTO IE??-DEFICIENT MURINE BONE MARROW RESULTS IN REDUCED IE-RESTRICTED V?? USAGE1 (1998)

Our results support the notion that transplantation tolerance, induced by class II gene transfer into syngeneic BMC, results in part from durable deletional unresponsiveness of graft-specific alloreactive T cells.
Implementing Direct Memory Access (DMA) in C (1992)

The aim of the present study was to assess the association between some salivary factors and the oral health status of rural schoolchildren of Córdoba (Argentina). The study involved 19 students (aged 5-14 years) who attended 8 rural schools of the region. We determined indices (r)dmf-t, (r)DMF-T and S-OHI. pH, salivary flow (vol/min), protein concentration, calcium and phosphate levels and the molar Ca/P ratio were evaluated in stimulated saliva. The arithmetic mean and standard error were assessed for each of the parameters. We employed the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to assess the similarities and differences between salivary components for the splits (r)dmft = 0, (r)dmft > 0, (r)DMFT = 0 and (r)DMFT > 0. We observed a positive correlation (Spearman's coefficient, p < or = 0.05) between the concentration of proteins, calcium, phosphate and salivary flow. The mean values for the salivary parameters evaluated evidence differences in the oral health status between the different schools under study. In five of the schools evaluated, the variables that best explain the condition of caries disease were concentration of proteins, calcium, phosphate, and the Ca/P molar ratio. The variation observed in the oral health indicators, volume/minute and salivary components between schools evidences the need to perform individual studies for each school and consider the needs and possibilities of each community when designing programs to promote oral health.
Scanning mid-IR laser apparatus with eye tracking for refractive surgery (1999)

A robust, real-time, dynamic eye tracker has been integrated with the short pulse mid-infrared laser scanning delivery system previously described. This system employs a Q- switched Nd:YAG laser pumped optical parametric oscillator operating at 2.94 micrometers. Previous ablation studies on human cadaver eyes and in-vivo cat eyes demonstrated very smooth ablations with extremely low damage levels similar to results with an excimer. A 4-month healing study with cats indicated no adverse healing effects. In order to treat human eyes, the tracker is required because the eyes move during the procedure due to both voluntary and involuntary motions such as breathing, heartbeat, drift, loss of fixation, saccades and microsaccades. Eye tracking techniques from the literature were compared. A limbus tracking system was best for this application. Temporal and spectral filtering techniques were implemented to reduce tracking errors, reject stray light, and increase signal to noise ratio. The expanded-capability system (IRVision AccuScan 2000 Laser System) has been tested in the lab on simulated eye targets, glass eyes, cadaver eyes, and live human subjects. Circular targets ranging from 10-mm to 14-mm diameter were successfully tracked. The tracker performed beyond expectations while the system performed myopic photorefractive keratectomy procedures on several legally blind human subjects.
Plasma reflectors for electronic beam steering in radar systems (1991)

The author describes investigations into methods of generating a planar plasma for use as a reflector for radar waves. The use of the plasma reflector could allow electronic beam steering at frequencies above what is generally viable for phased arrays. Three aspects of the planar plasma production are investigated: localization of the plasma, main plasma production, and long-term viability of the system. Possible applications include ship-based antennas at X-band, airborne antennas at 94 GHz, and space-based antennas at 60 GHz. The author discusses system considerations for the three potential radar configurations. Results and potential small-scale experiments to test various aspects of the concept are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fixed Ambiguity Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Using Tropospheric Corrections Based on Numeric Weather Modeling (NWM) (2013)

This paper analyses the impact of using Numerical Weather Modeling (NWM) based tropospheric corrections on float and fixed ambiguity Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Positioning performance when tropospheric delay is mitigated using the NWM based corrections is compared to the conventional method, where the delay is modeled locally using the University of New Brunswick’s UNB3m tropospheric zenith model, the Global Mapping Function (GMF) and Chen’s tropospheric gradient mapping function. 

The method was tested using datasets captured at three IGS and OS stations in the United Kingdom. From the results, using NWM based tropospheric corrections can reduce float position solution convergence time, improve the positioning accuracy at the initial ambiguity resolution epoch and decrease the probability of incorrect ambiguity resolution. In terms of the time required to obtain an initial ambiguity resolution, there is no difference between the methods.
Expression of CFTR and presence of cAMP-mediated fluid secretion in human fetal lung (1992)

We studied the developmental expression of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene in human lung tissue from normal and CF-affected fetuses. Two unrelated CF fetuses, both homozygous for the delta F508 deletion, were examined. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mRNA was present in second-trimester CF lung and in first- and second-trimester normal lung as assessed by amplification of reverse transcribed total RNA with the use of the polymerase chain reaction. CFTR protein was identified by immunoprecipitation in normal second-trimester fetal lung explants. To evaluate possible functional consequences of CF in the fetus, lung tissue explants were grown in submersion organ culture. By light and electron microscopy, the CF fetal lung explants appeared normal. When explants from normal fetal lung were exposed to 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) adenosine 3',-5'cyclic monophosphate (CPT-cAMP), and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) for 24 h, the intraluminal fluid content increased, as assessed by a 40 +/- 4% increase in cross-sectional diameter. In contrast, identically treated CF explants showed no significant change in explant diameter (3 +/- 1.6%). The transepithelial potential (psi t) across fetal lung explants was measured with microelectrodes. In normal second-trimester explants, CPT-cAMP and IBMX caused hyperpolarization of psi t (-0.93 +/- 14 mV to -4.3 +/- 1.2 mV); in contrast, CF fetal lung explants showed no significant change in psi t with CPT-cAMP and IBMX (-0.84 +/- 0.07 mV to -1.21 +/- 0.26 mV). This study confirms the presence of CFTR mRNA and protein in human fetal lung and suggests that although the CF fetal lung appears normal morphologically, there is a defect in cAMP-mediated fluid secretion in the lung of the CF fetus.
Intracellular trafficking and metabolic turnover of yeast prepro-α-factor-SRIF precursors in GH3 cells (2002)

Chimeric genes coding for prepro region of yeast alpha-factor and anglerfish SRIF were expressed in rat GH3 cells to determine whether yeast signals could regulate hormone processing in mammalian cells. We report that nascent hybrid polypeptides were efficiently targeted to ER, where cleavage of signal peptides and core glycosylation occurred, and were localized mainly in Golgi. These data indicate that prepro region of yeast alpha-factor functions in sorting molecules to secretory pathway in mammalian cells. A hybrid construct with a mutated signal peptide underwent similar ER translocation, whereas such a mutation resulted in defective translocation in yeast (Cheong et al., 1997). This difference may be due to the differences in ER translocation between yeast and mammalian cells, i.e., posttranslational versus cotranslational translocation. Processing and secretion of metabolically labeled hybrid propeptides to mature SRIF peptides were assessed by HPLC. When pulse-labeled cells were chased for up to 2 h, intracellular propeptides disappeared with a half-life of approximately 25 min, showing that approximately 68% of initially synthesized propeptides were secreted constitutively. About 22% of SRIF-related products were proteolytically processed to mature SRIF, of which 38.7% were stored intracellularly with a half-life of approximately 2 h. In addition, immunocytochemical localization showed that a small proportion of SRIF molecules accumulated in secretory vesicles. All these results suggest that yeast prepropeptide could direct hybrid precursors to translocate into ER lumen and transit through secretory pathway to the distal elements of Golgi compartment, but could process and target it less efficiently to downstream in rat endocrine cells.
Purification and characterization of the specific binding protein for platelet activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) from human platelets. (1985)

The binding protein to platelet activating factor (PAF) was solubilized with 2% Triton X-100 from human platelet membranes and purified approximately 23-fold by sequential chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. The final preparation migrated as a single protein band corresponding to a radioactive peak of [3H]PAF bound on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the native form of the binding protein was estimated to be approximately 160,000 daltons by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, and its isoelectric point was near 8.0. Exposure of the platelet membranes to an excess of unlabeled PAF diminished the binding of [3H]PAF.
Energy transfer and catalytic decomposition of ammonia on rhenium at high temperatures (1984)

Single-collision energy transfer and catalytic decomposition of NH3 on polycrystalline rhenium at temperatures up to 2300 K were studied with a modulated molecular beam mass spectrometer. Internal energy excitation was determined from threshold ionization measurements. The internal energies acquired by NH3 molecules on collision with the heated filament are well correlated with their acquired translational energies. Nitrogen molecules produced in the reaction are vibrationally excited at levels compatible with the filament temperature, in contrast to the results obtained in the reaction on Pt, where significant quantities of highly vibrationally excited N2 molecules were produced. The principal source of N2 in the reaction is the recombination of chemisorbed NH radicals: NHad+NHad→N2+H2. Appearance potential measurements on NH+2 show no evidence for evolution of NH2 radicals. At high temperatures (1600–2300 K), H atoms are produced. The reaction mechanisms involved in the decomposition of NH3 are discussed.
Spectral hole-burning and gain saturation in semiconductor lasers: Strong-signal theory (1988)

The nonlinear susceptibility of semiconductor gain media is obtained by including the effect of intraband carrier relaxation within the density-matrix formalism. The result is used to obtain the approximate analytic expressions showing how the optical gain and the refractive index change with an increase in the laser power. The index change is generally small but can be positive or negative depending on which side of the gain peak the lasing mode is located. By contrast, the gain is always reduced because of spectral hole-burning. The implications of gain saturation on the dynamic response of semiconductor lasers are discussed together with the possibility of experimental verification.
Formation and characterisation of neuromuscular junctions between hiPSC derived motoneurons and myotubes (2015)

Striated skeletal muscle cells from humans represent a valuable source for in vitro studies of the motoric system as well as for pathophysiological investigations in the clinical settings. Myoblasts can readily be grown from human muscle tissue. However, if muscle tissue is unavailable, myogenic cells can be generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) preferably without genetic engineering. Our study aimed to optimize the generation of hiPSCs derived myogenic cells by employing selection of CD34 positive cells and followed by distinct, stepwise culture conditions. Following the expansion of CD34 positive single cells under myogenic cell culture conditions, serum deprived myoblast-like cells finally fused and formed multinucleated striated myotubes that expressed a set of key markers for muscle differentiation. In addition, these myotubes contracted upon electrical stimulation, responded to acetylcholine (Ach) and were able to generate action potentials. Finally, we co-cultured motoneurons and myotubes generated from identical hiPSCs cell lines. We could observe the early aggregation of acetylcholine receptors in muscle cells of immature co-cultures. At later stages, we identified and characterised mature neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). In summary, we describe here the successful generation of an iPS cell derived functional cellular system consisting of two distinct communicating cells types. This in vitro co-culture system could therefore contribute to research on diseases in which the motoneurons and the NMJ are predominantly affected, such as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or spinal muscular atrophy.
High resolution electron microscopy of the GaAs/Si3N4 interface produced by multipolar plasma deposition (1986)

The analysis of the Si3N4/GaAs interface produced by the multipolar plasma chemical vapor deposition has been carried out using high resolution electron microscopy. For an optimized deposition process, we are able to produce abrupt interfaces between the Si3N4 and the crystalline GaAs. These results are compared to the interfaces produced in the conventional chemical vapor deposition technique.
Light propagation with ultralarge modal areas in optical fibers (2006)

We demonstrate robust single-transverse-mode light propagation in higher-order modes of a fiber, with effective area A(eff) ranging from 2,100 to 3,200 microm(2). These modes are accessed using long-period fiber gratings that enable higher-order-mode excitation over a bandwidth of 94 mm with greater than 99% of the light in the desired mode. The fiber is designed such that the effective index separation between modes is always large, hence minimizing in-fiber mode mixing and enabling light propagation over lengths as large as 12 m, with bends down to 4.5 cm radii. The modal stability increases with mode order, suggesting that A(eff) of this platform is substantially scalable.