gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: defects in insulin secretion (1993)

NIDDM is a heterogeneous disorder, characterized by defects in insulin secretion as well as in insulin action. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the development of disturbances in insulin secretion. One of the histological features of islets of NIDDM patients is the deposition of amyloid-like material. Accumulation of amyloid over many years can lead to slowly progressive disruption of islet architecture and possibly to some of the abnormalities in insulin secretion, as found in NIDDM patients. Loss of pulsatility is the earliest detectable abnormality of insulin secretion in the disease, either as a specific early defect or as a disturbance caused by minimally elevated blood glucose levels. Although it has been shown that maximum insulin release is decreased by 50% in NIDDM, the B-cell sensitivity to glucose appears to be normal. Coregulatory factors such as prostaglandins do not play a major role in the derangements of insulin secretion in NIDDM. An imbalance between stimulatory and inhibitory endorphins, or in sympathetic tone may be of more importance. Hyperglycaemia by itself has a deleterious effect on insulin release, and may perpetuate the disturbances of insulin secretion.
Development and validation of a reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic method for separation and simultaneous determination of COX‐2 inhibitors in pharmaceuticals and its application to biological ﬂuids (2004)

An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for separation and simultaneous determination of COX-2 inhibitors, viz., celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, nimesulide and nabumetone, using 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline as internal standard. Good chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase Inertsil C(18) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.05% aqueous glacial acetic acid (68:32 v/v) using photodiode array (PDA) detector at 230 nm. It was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and quantification. The linearity range was found to be 1.0--20 microg/mL and the percentage recoveries were between 97.55 and 100.14. The method is suitable not only for the estimation of active ingredients in pharmaceutical dosage forms but also in vitro estimations in human plasma. It is simple, rapid, selective and capable of detecting and determining COX-2 inhibitors with a detection limit of 0.127--1.040 microg/mL simultaneously.
Real-World Font Recognition Using Deep Network and Domain Adaptation (2015)

We address a challenging fine-grain classification problem: recognizing a font style from an image of text. In this task, it is very easy to generate lots of rendered font examples but very hard to obtain real-world labeled images. This real-to-synthetic domain gap caused poor generalization to new real data in previous methods (Chen et al. (2014)). In this paper, we refer to Convolutional Neural Networks, and use an adaptation technique based on a Stacked Convolutional Auto-Encoder that exploits unlabeled real-world images combined with synthetic data. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of higher than 80% (top-5) on a real-world dataset.
Lateral PNP BJT ESD protection devices (2008)

A new high voltage lateral PNP with sufficient current density for small footprint ESD protection is experimentally demonstrated in a 40 V drain-extended CMOS process. It is found that a lateral PNP device can exhibit snapback behavior similar to that characteristically associated with NPN-based ESD clamps. The mechanism leading to this effect is further studied for PNPs in a BiCMOS process using physical process and device simulation. This analysis reveals that the formation of a quasi-neutral electron-hole plasma in the N-base drift region reduces the base electric field and thus the emitter-collector voltage drop, explaining the observed behavior. The advantage of this lateral PNP is to provide local ESD protection that is robust against transient latch-up.
Identification of indole glucosinolate breakdown products with antifeedant effects on <i>Myzus persicae</i> (green peach aphid) (2008)

The cleavage of glucosinolates by myrosinase to produce toxic breakdown products is a characteristic insect defense of cruciferous plants. Although green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) are able to avoid most contact with myrosinase when feeding from the phloem of Arabidopsis thaliana, indole glucosinolates are nevertheless degraded during passage through the insects. A defensive role for indole glucosinolates is suggested by the observation that atr1D mutant plants, which overproduce indole glucosinolates, are more resistant to M. persicae, whereas cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double mutants, which lack indole glucosinolates, succumb to M. persicae more rapidly. Indole glucosinolate breakdown products, including conjugates formed with ascorbate, glutathione and amino acids, are elevated in the honeydew of M. persicae feeding from atr1D mutant plants, but are absent when the aphids are feeding on cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double mutants. M. persicae feeding from wild-type plants and myrosinase-deficient tgg1 tgg2 double mutants excrete a similar profile of indole glucosinolate-derived metabolites, indicating that the breakdown is independent of these foliar myrosinases. Artificial diet experiments show that the reaction of indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, with ascorbate, glutathione and cysteine produces diindolylmethylcysteines and other conjugates that have antifeedant effects on M. persicae. Therefore, the post-ingestive breakdown of indole glucosinolates provides a defense against herbivores such as aphids that can avoid glucosinolate activation by plant myrosinases.
Magnus integrator and successive approximation for solving time-dependent problems (2011)

Magnus integrator and successive approximation for solving time-dependent problems. The Magnus expansion has been intensely studied and widely applied for solving explicitly time-dependent problems. Due to its exponential character, it is rather difficult to derive practical algorithms beyond the sixth-order. An alternative method is based on successive approximation methods, that taken into account the temporally inhomogeneous equation (method of Tanabe and Sobolevski). In this work, we show that the recently derived ideas of the successive approximation method in a splitting method. Examples are discussed.
Toward Teaching a Robot "Infant" using Emotive Communication Acts (1999)

This paper presents ongoing work towards building an autonomous robot that learns in a social context. The mode of social interaction is that of a caretaker-infant pair where a human acts as the caretaker for the robot. By placing our robot, Kismet, in an environment with a human caretaker who actively assists and guides Kismet's learning, this work explores robot learning in a similar environment to that of a developing infant. In doing so, this approach attempts to take advantage of this special sort of environment and the social interactions it affords in facilitating and constraining learning. This paper proposes an approach where emotive channels of communication are employed during social robot-human interactions to shape and guide what the robot learns. keywords: human-robot interaction, scaffolding, emotions
ELIGIBILITY AND DISQUALIFICATION FOR BENEFITS: STATUTORY PURPOSE AND "INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT" (1945)

CONTROVErSY over the power of free choice attended the constitutional birth in this country of unemployment compensation."Till now," said Mr. Justice Cardozo in the Steward 3Machine Company case, "the law has been guided by a robust common sense which assumes the freedom of the will as a working hypothesis in the solution of its problems."'If we assume, the opinion continued, that a concept of undue influence could ever be applied between state and nation, the State of Alabama had nevertheless made a choice, induced perhaps by the tax credit device of the Social Security Act but not compelled, when she enacted an unemployment compensation law; her owrn courts, rejecting contentions of duress, had accepted it as a true expression of her will."We think the choice must stand." 2The mounting controversy in unemployment today is not over the volitional processes of the states but over those of the worker in relation to his unemployment and, more acutely, in relation to his former employer.The Supreme Court cases were little concerned ith the nature of the relationship, voluntary or involuntary, culpable or blameless, between either the worker or his employer and the worker's unemployment.Unreliezed unemplo-yment was the problem, and a vast one, recognized as calling for the exercise of the powers of the federal government and of the states in its solution. 3* The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not intended to reflect
Superimposed pulse modulation for fibre optic analogue video transmission using semiconductor laser diodes (1980)

The letter proposes a new modulation technique to reduce speckle noise in multimode optical fibre analogue transmission systems using semiconductor laser diodes. The feasibility of analogue video transmission systems using the proposed modulation technique has been confirmed.
Hierarchical multiprocessor organizations (1977)

The development of LSI components has induced a substantial research effort into the possibility of applying conglomerations of small processors on some computational problems previously limited to large processors. The primary advantages of “multi-microprocessor architectures” are their potential for improvements in cost, reliability, and possibly speed over conventional large computers. However, the realization of these advantages requires improvements in the techniques necessary to translate problems into parallel algorithms for multi-microprocessors, and in the architectures of the multi-microprocessors themselves. This paper describes an architecture currently being investigated at SUNY - Stony Brook. The first section discusses various strategies of design. The second section describes the structure of the proposed system. Finally, the third section discusses some classes of problems for which the architecture is suited.
Assessing the effect of reactive oxygen species on<i>Escherichia coli</i>using a metabolome approach (1999)

A two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic analysis of [14C]-labelled metabolites in Escherichia coli was employed to follow metabolic shifts in response to superoxide stress. Steady-state challenge with paraquat at concentrations inducing SoxRS-controlled genes resulted in several alterations in metabolite pools, including a striking increase in valine concentration. Elevated valine levels, together with increased glutathione and alkylperoxidase, are proposed to constitute an intracellular protection mechanism against reactive oxygen species. As shown by this example of metabolome analysis, novel cellular responses to environmental challenge can be revealed by following the total complement of metabolites in a cell.
<i>hilA</i> is a novel <i>ompR/toxR</i> family member that activates the expression of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> invasion genes (1995)

During infection of its hosts, Salmonella enters intestinal epithelial cells. Many Salmonella typhimurium genes required for bacterial entry into host cells are encoded on a 40 kb 'pathogenicity island'. We report here the identification of hilA, a gene within the 'island' that appears to encode an activator of invasion gene expression. By using a set of lacZY transcriptional fusions to S. typhimurium invasion genes, we found that hilA activates the expression of invasion genes located on the 'pathogenicity island'. hilA is required for efficient entry into HEp-2 cells in vitro. The predicted amino acid sequence of hilA shares significant homology with the DNA-binding domains of the OmpR-ToxR family of transcriptional activators. However, unlike OmpR and ToxR, HilA contains neither a phosphoryl acceptor nor a membrane-spanning domain, and, therefore, its activity may be modulated by a novel mechanism. Many environmental conditions modulate the ability of Salmonella to enter non-phagocytic mammalian cells. It has been proposed that induction of Salmonella invasion proteins in response to a combination of environmental cues ensures that bacterial entry is limited to specific sites and times during infection. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that hilA plays a key role in the regulation of Salmonella invasion during infection.
Reduction and Aggregation of Silver Ions in Aqueous Gelatin Solutions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction and Aggregation of Silver Ions in Aqueous Gelatin SolutionsS. Kapoor, D. Lawless, P. Kennepohl, D. Meisel, and N. SerponeCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 9, 3018–3022Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00021a026https://doi.org/10.1021/la00021a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views567Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance directly from clinical urines by nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing (2016)

MinION sequencing comprehensively identified pathogens and acquired resistance genes from urine in a timeframe similar to PCR (4 h from sample to result). Bioinformatic pipeline optimization is needed to better detect resistances conferred by point mutations. Metagenomic-sequencing-based diagnosis will enable clinicians to adjust antimicrobial therapy before the second dose of a typical (i.e. every 8 h) antibiotic.
On the extraction of vocal-related information to facilitate the management of popular music collections (2005)

With the explosive growth of networked collections of musical material, there is a need to establish a mechanism like a digital library to manage music data. This paper presents a content-based processing paradigm of popular song collections to facilitate the realization of a music digital library. The paradigm is built on the automatic extraction of information of interest from music audio signals. Because the vocal part is often the heart of a popular song, we focus on developing techniques to exploit the solo vocal signals underlying an accompanied performance. This supports the necessary functions of a music digital library, namely, music data organization, music information retrieval/recommendation, and copyright protection.
Systemic Microvascular Leak in an <i>In Vivo</i> Rat Model of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury (2003)

Positive pressure mechanical ventilation has significant systemic effects, but the systemic effects associated with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) are unexplored. We hypothesized that VILI would cause systemic microvascular leak that is dependent on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression. Rats were ventilated with room air at 85 breaths/minute for 2 hours with either VT 7 or 20 ml/kg. Kidney microvascular leak, which was assessed by measuring 24-hour urine protein and Evans blue dye, was used as a marker of systemic microvascular leak. A significant microvascular leak occurred in both lung and kidney with large VT (20 ml/kg) ventilation. Injection of 0.9% NaCl corrected the hypotension and the decreased cardiac output related to large VT, but it did not attenuate microvascular leak of lung and kidney. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly elevated in large VT groups. Endothelial NOS expression significantly increased in the lung and kidney tissue with large VT ventilation but not inducible NOS. The NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, attenuated the microvascular leak of lung and kidney and the proteinuria with large VT ventilation. Endothelial NOS may mediate the systemic microvascular leak of the present model of VILI.
Effects of a natural extract of (–)‐hydroxycitric acid (HCA‐SX) and a combination of HCA‐SX plus niacin‐bound chromium and <i>Gymnema sylvestre</i> extract on weight loss (2004)

The present study shows that optimal doses of HCA-SX and, to a greater degree, the combination of HCA-SX, NBC and GSE can serve as an effective and safe weight-loss formula that can facilitate a reduction in excess body weight and BMI, while promoting healthy blood lipid levels.
Reducing AIDS and Substance Abuse Risk Factors Among Homeless, HIV-Infected, Drug-Using Persons (2000)

Objective: The impact of a comprehensive HIV education, housing support, and 12-step recovery program in a day treatment program for homeless persons infected with HIV was studied. Method: Participants' knowledge of HIV and substance abuse risk factors was assessed for a group of new clients and for a group of clients enrolled for 3 months using an author-developed questionnaire. Continuation of high-risk sexual and substance use behaviors was assessed using the approach. Success in maintaining housing and 12-step recovery was assessed using a retrospective chart review on a separate group of past participants. Results: Statistically significant positive changes in participants' knowledge of HIV and substance use and a decrease in self-reported high-risk behaviors were found. The retrospective chart review also indicated positive changes in housing stability and substance abuse recovery. Conclusions: Preliminary results support the conclusion that the day treatment program had positive effects on the three variables of concern.
Development of locators of small metallic bodies buried in the ground (1948)

The paper deals with two recent developments in the design of audio-frequency metal locators.The first is the introduction of discrimination against low-conductivity magnetic bodies for the purpose of suppressing unwanted signals. A solution is described which forms the basis of a number of these locators. The principle is to utilize the existence of a phase difference between desired and undesired signals.The need for a more radical departure from the established principles is then examined and the second development (locator No. 7) is discussed. In this locator an alternating magnetic field is set up over a large area, and local field distortions, due to metallic bodies, are observed directly by means of a balanced-coil system. In this way it is possible to attain high sensitivity and operating speed, to eliminate interference between operators, and, for war-time applications, to safeguard the user from booby-traps sensitive to an alternating field.
Marker-Assisted Introgression of Favorable Alleles at Quantitative Trait Loci Between Maize Elite Lines (2002)

This article reports the marker-assisted introgression of favorable alleles at three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for earliness and grain yield among maize elite lines. The QTL were originally detected in 1992 by means of ANOVA in a population of 96 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Introgression started from a selected RIL, which was crossed three times to one of the original parents and then self-fertilized, leading to BC(3)S(1) progenies. Markers were used to assist both foreground and background selection at each generation. At the end of the program, the effect of introgression was assessed phenotypically in agronomic trials, and QTL detection was performed by composite interval mapping among BC(3)S(1) progenies. The marker-assisted introgression proved successful at the genotypic level, as analyzed by precision graphical genotypes, although no emphasis was put on the reduction of linkage drag around QTL. Also, QTL positions were generally sustained in the introgression background. For earliness, the magnitude and sign of the QTL effects were in good agreement with those expected from initial RIL analyses. Conversely, for yield, important discrepancies were observed in the magnitude and sign of the QTL effects observed after introgression, when compared to those expected from initial RIL analyses. These discrepancies are probably due to important genotype-by-environment interactions.
Aerial Color Infrared Photography for Determining Late‐Season Nitrogen Requirements in Corn (2005)

Fast and accurate methods of determining in‐season corn ( Zea mays L.) N requirements are needed to provide more precise and economical management and potentially decrease groundwater N contamination. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine if there is a response to late‐season N applied to corn at pretassel (VT) under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions, and (ii) to develop a methodology for predicting in‐season N requirement for corn at the VT stage using aerial color infrared (CIR) photography. Field studies were conducted for 3 yr over a wide range of soil conditions and water regimes in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Different fertilizer N rates were applied (i) at planting (N PL ) to create a range of N supply, corn color, and near‐infrared (NIR) radiance; and (ii) at VT (N VT ) to measure yield response to N VT . Aerial CIR photographs were obtained for each site at VT before N application. Significant grain yield responses to N PL and N VT were observed. Economic optimum N VT rates ranged from 0 to 224 kg ha −1 with a mean of 104 kg ha −1 . Better prediction of economic optimum N VT rates was obtained with spectral band combinations rather than individual bands, and improved when calculated relative to high‐N reference strips measured at VT. The best predictor of economic optimum N VT ( R 2 = 0.67) was a linear‐plateau model based on corn color and NIR radiance expressed using the Green Difference Vegetation Index (GDVI) relative to high‐N reference strips (Relative GDVI, RGDVI).
Global epidemiology of HIV (2009)

The global prevalence of HIV has stabilized in this decade, but with important regional differences in trends and modes of transmission. Prevention and treatment programs have an expanding impact in preventing HIV infection and AIDS deaths.
Globally asynchronous locally synchronous architecture for large high-performance ASICs (2003)

Clock nets are the major source of power consumption in large, high-performance ASICs and a design bottleneck when it comes to tolerable clock skew. A way to obviate the global clock net is to partition the design into large synchronous blocks each having its own clock. Data with other blocks is exchanged asynchronously using handshake signals. Adopting such a strategy requires a methodology that supports: 1) a partitioning method dividing a design into the number of synchronous blocks such that the gain due to global clock net removal exceeds the communication overhead and 2) synthesis of handshake protocols to implement the data transfer between synchronous blocks. We describe this methodology and present results of applying it to a realistic design done in 0.25 micron, ranging in operating frequencies from 20 MHz to 1 GHz. The results show that the net power savings compared to fully synchronous designs are on an average about 30%.