gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Symbol Error Probability for MPSK with an I-Q Unbalance over a Rician Fading Channel (2005)

Two rotational transformations are used to derive a new expression for the symbol error probability (SEP) of an M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) with an I-Q unbalance over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rician fading channels. We used the new expression to investigate the effect of the I-Q unbalance on the MPSK SEP performance. Our investigation confirms that this approach is a convenient way to evaluate the average SEP of an MPSK for various cases of the Riciaa factor.
Cyclic Cleavage of Water into H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> by Visible Light with Coupled Redox Catalysts (1979)

A complete system for cleavage of water by light (250-W lamp) comprises the catalysts Pt and RuO2 and the sensitizer Ru(bpy) as well as the acceptor methylviologen (MV2+). 150 ml of solution gave 0.6 ml of H2 and 0.3 ml of O2 in h.
Transient Response of an Electromagnetic Rail Gun: A Pedagogical Model (1998)

Abstract : We present a highly simplified model of an electromagnetic rail gun. The energy source for the gun consists of a rotating magnetic dipole moment positioned at the center of a stator coil. The dipole moment is free to rotate about an axis normal to the stator coil's axis, inducing a current in the rail gun stator circuit, and thereby propelling the projectile. The system's dynamical behavior is described by three nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations, involving time-dependent functions representing the armature's position, the stator circuit's current, and the dipole moment's angular position. We numerically solve this system of differential equations and plot the solutions versus time. The results exhibit a complicated dynamics due to the interaction of the electrical and mechanical degrees of freedom.
Improved Robustness and Energy Consumption for Sensorless Electromagnetic Valve Train (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The sensorless control of electromagnetic actuators for variable valve train derives the information about the valve movement directly from the current and voltage of the operating coils, no further sensor used at the actuator. The movement of armature and valve is heavily influenced by the cylinder pressure, especially during opening of the exhaust valve. Between two consecutive opening events, this pressure can vary by up to 3 bars. An early detection of pressure variation is essential in order to adjust the proper catching energy of the active coil. At the beginning of the armature movement, a degradation of the magnetic flux through the coils occurs which is caused by eddy-currents and magnetic remanence and results into an induced voltage. The information about the required energy adjustment of the catching coil can be calculated from this voltage. The algorithm allows a safe and soft landing at pressure variations of up to 3 bars. Further improvement has been achieved by an advanced control strategy during the final swing period. The new algorithm adjusts the current shape and catching energy as well as the current switch-off time. By this means, the robustness of a low landing velocity can be increased substantially. Furthermore, ideal current shapes for minimum energy consumption have been derived. Consequently, the new control strategy is adapted to these current shapes and yields into a delayed current switch-on time.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The combination of the three introduced methods results in a new generation of sensorless control which realizes very low landing velocities, high robustness and a low energy consumption at the same time.</div>
Impact of Intrinsic Stress in Diamond Capping Layers on the Electrical Behavior of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2013)

A finite-element model coupling 2-D electron gas (2-DEG) density, piezoelectric polarization charge QP, and intrinsic stress induced by a nanocrystalline diamond capping layer, was developed for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. Assuming the surface potential is unchanged by an additional stress from diamond capping, tensile stress from the diamond cap leads to an additional tensile stress in the heterostructure and, thus an increase in the 2-DEG under the gate. As a result, additional compressive stress near the gate edges would develop and lead to decreased 2-DEG in the regions between the source and drain contacts (SDCs). Increased saturation drain current will be due to the reduced total resistance between SDC. Integration of the 2-DEG density from SDC revealed a redistribution of sheet density with total sheet charge concentration remaining unchanged. The modeling results were compared with the experimental data from Raman spectroscopy and I-V characterization, and good agreements were obtained.
Histomorphologic Evaluation of Guinea Pig Skin and Soft Tissue after Controlled Tissue Expansion (1982)

To evaluate the histologic changes attendant on tissue expansion in the guinea pig, self-inflating implants were placed in the dorsal subcutaneous space and the tissue response was sequentially studied at periods ranging from 1 to 18 weeks. Fixation artifacts have been minimized. The cellular response is relatively benign. The epidermis does not undergo thinning during expansion, although dermis and panniculus carnosus become significantly thinner. Atrophy of panniculus muscle is demonstrable. This study supports the hypothesis that tissue expansion results in a net gain of donor tissue.
3LC: Lightweight and Effective Traffic Compression for Distributed Machine Learning (2018)

The performance and efficiency of distributed machine learning (ML) depends significantly on how long it takes for nodes to exchange state changes. Overly-aggressive attempts to reduce communication often sacrifice final model accuracy and necessitate additional ML techniques to compensate for this loss, limiting their generality. Some attempts to reduce communication incur high computation overhead, which makes their performance benefits visible only over slow networks. We present 3LC, a lossy compression scheme for state change traffic that strikes balance between multiple goals: traffic reduction, accuracy, computation overhead, and generality. It combines three new techniques---3-value quantization with sparsity multiplication, quartic encoding, and zero-run encoding---to leverage strengths of quantization and sparsification techniques and avoid their drawbacks. It achieves a data compression ratio of up to 39--107X, almost the same test accuracy of trained models, and high compression speed. Distributed ML frameworks can employ 3LC without modifications to existing ML algorithms. Our experiments show that 3LC reduces wall-clock training time of ResNet-110--based image classifiers for CIFAR-10 on a 10-GPU cluster by up to 16--23X compared to TensorFlow's baseline design.
Automatic recognition of handprinted characters—The state of the art (1980)

Based on a study of the extensive literature in handprint recognition, this paper presents a survey in this challenging field. Recognition algorithms, data bases, character models, and handprint standards are examined. Achievements in the recognition of handprinted numerals, alphanumerics, Fortran, and Katakana characters are analyzed and compared. Data quality and constraints, as well as human and machine factors are also described. Characteristics, problems, and actual results on on-line recognition of handprinted characters for different applications are discussed. New emphases and directions are suggested.
Lexicographic codes: Error-correcting codes from game theory (1986)

Lexicographic codes, or lexicodes, are defined by various versions of the greedy algorithm. The theory of these codes is closely related to the theory of certain impartial games, which leads to a number of surprising properties. For example, lexicodes over an alphabet of size <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B=2^{a}</tex> are closed under addition, while if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B = 2^{2^{a}}</tex> the lexicodes are closed under multiplication by scalars, where addition and multiplication are in the nim sense explained in the text. Hamming codes and the binary Golay codes are lexieodes. Remarkably simple constructions are given for the Steiner systems <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S(5,6,12)</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S(5,8,24)</tex> . Several record-breaking constant weight codes are also constructed.
Java 2 Bible (1998)

From the Publisher:

Master the APIs, components, and interfaces that make J2EE so powerfulDeploy an enterprise-class Java platform with stability, speed, and securityBuild fully integrated, n-tier e-commerce systems

If Java 2 Enterprise Edition can do it, you can do it too...
Java 2 Enterprise Edition defines the standard for distributed application development. This comprehensive tutorial and reference covers everything you need to know to develop and deploy a complete, stable, secure, and fast enterprise Java platform. From the fundamentals of Java technology to real-world examples of integrated, multi-tier applications, you'll explore all the possibilities that J2EE has to offer - and find out how to put them to work.
Inside, you'll find complete coverage of Java 2 Enterprise Edition

Get up to speed on every aspect of the J2EE specificationBuild user interfaces that are more than just pretty Web pagesDeliver content with servlets, JSP, and JavaMailUse JDBC to connect your applications with SQL databasesWork with directory services using JNDI and LDAPTransform and bind XML documentsTie Web services into large-scale enterprise applications

Author Biography: Justin Couch spends most of his time in Australia but travels extensively in the United States and England as a trainer and consultant. He is the author of Java 2 Bible (Hungry Minds) and Java 2 Networking (McGraw-Hill).
Daniel H. Steinberg is from Oberlin, Ohio where he is a Mathematics Professor at Oberlin College. He is coauthor of Java 2 Bible and editor of IBM's developerWorks JavaZone.
Extended <i>RAS</i> Gene Mutation Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma to Predict Response to Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody Therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Provisional Clinical Opinion Update 2015 (2015)

In addition to the evidence reviewed in the original PCO, 11 systematic reviews with meta-analyses, two retrospective analyses, and two health technology assessments based on a systematic review were obtained. These evaluated the outcomes for patients with mCRC with no mutation detected or presence of mutation in additional exons in KRAS and NRAS. PCO: All patients with mCRC who are candidates for anti-EGFR antibody therapy should have their tumor tested in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified laboratory for mutations in both KRAS and NRAS exons 2 (codons 12 and 13), 3 (codons 59 and 61), and 4 (codons 117 and 146). The weight of current evidence indicates that anti-EGFR MoAb therapy should only be considered for treatment of patients whose tumor is determined to not have mutations detected after such extended RAS testing.
Sugarcane Growth Promotion by the Endophytic Bacterium Pantoea agglomerans 33.1 (2012)

The promotion of sugarcane growth by the endophytic Pantoea agglomerans strain 33.1 was studied under gnotobiotic and greenhouse conditions. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged strain P. agglomerans 33.1::pNKGFP was monitored in vitro in sugarcane plants by microscopy, reisolation, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Using qPCR and reisolation 4 and 15 days after inoculation, we observed that GFP-tagged strains reached similar density levels both in the rhizosphere and inside the roots and aerial plant tissues. Microscopic analysis was performed at 5, 10, and 18 days after inoculation. Under greenhouse conditions, P. agglomerans 33.1-inoculated sugarcane plants presented more dry mass 30 days after inoculation. Cross-colonization was confirmed by reisolation of the GFP-tagged strain. These data demonstrate that 33.1::pNKGFP is a superior colonizer of sugarcane due to its ability to colonize a number of different plant parts. The growth promotion observed in colonized plants may be related to the ability of P. agglomerans 33.1 to synthesize indoleacetic acid and solubilize phosphate. Additionally, this strain may trigger chitinase and cellulase production by plant roots, suggesting the induction of a plant defense system. However, levels of indigenous bacterial colonization did not vary between inoculated and noninoculated sugarcane plants under greenhouse conditions, suggesting that the presence of P. agglomerans 33.1 has no effect on these communities. In this study, different techniques were used to monitor 33.1::pNKGFP during sugarcane cross-colonization, and our results suggested that this plant growth promoter could be used with other crops. The interaction between sugarcane and P. agglomerans 33.1 has important benefits that promote the plant's growth and fitness.
A scheme for direct conversion of plasma thermal energy into electrical energy (1978)

In this scheme, the thermal energy of a plasma is converted into electrical energy as the charged particles drift in a region of crossed electric and magnetic fields in which the latter is inhomogeneous. The energy is removed through the magnetic mirrors of a recovery device, by making use of the electrical contact of the plasma confined in the device with the electrodes beyond the mirrors. The recovery device proposed here is much smaller than the Post device, while its efficiency is the same.
A Newly Designed Disposable Introducer Sheath for a Ventricular Fiberscope (2004)

We have developed a disposable plastic introducer sheath for use with a flexible endoscope during intraventricular procedures. The sheath is composed of a thin polypropylene tube passing through the center of a plastic stopper. The tube serves as a sheath through which the fiberscope is introduced into the ventricle. The stopper seats in the burr hole and prevents downward and lateral movement of the tube. The sheath can be placed safely in the ventricle with a drainage catheter used as an introducing guide. We used this sheath system in 10 patients and found it very useful. Manipulation of the fiberscope was not hindered, copious irrigation was allowed, and the sheath remained stable on the skull. This new introducer sheath may contribute to the increased use of a flexible endoscope in neuroendoscopic procedures.
Atomic absorption spectrometry: theory, design and applications. (1991)

1. Basic principles (J.F. Tyson). 2. Instrumental requirements and optimisation (S.J. Haswell). 3. Practical techniques (S.J. Haswell). 4a. Waters, sewage and effluents (M. Blankley, A. Henson and K.C. Thompson). 4b. Application of atomic absorption spectrometry to marine analysis (H. Haraguchi and T. Akagi). 4c. Analysis of airborne particles in workplace atmospheres (J.C. Septon). 4d. Application of atomic absorption spectrometry to the analysis of foods (T.C. Rains). 4e. Applications of atomic absorption spectrometry in ferrous metallurgy (K. Ohls and D. Sommer). 4f. The analysis of non-ferrous metals by atomic absorption spectrometry (M.R. North). 4g. Atomic absorption methods in applied geochemistry (M. Thompson and E.K. Banerjee). 4h. Applications of atomic absorption spectrometry in the petroleum industry (J. Marshall). 4i. Methods for the analysis of glasses and ceramics by atomic absorption spectrometry (W.M. Wise, R. A. Burdo and D.E. Goforth). 4j. Clinical applications of flame techniques (A. Taylor). 4k. Elemental analysis of body fluids and tissues by electrothermal atomization and atomic absorption spectrometry (H.T. Delves and I.L. Shuttler). 4l. Forensic science (I.M. Dale). 4m. Fine, industrial and other chemicals (L. Ebdon and A.S. Fisher). 4n. Analysis of polluted soils (M. Cresser). Subject Index.
Alpha desynchronization during simple working memory unmasks pathological aging in cognitively healthy individuals (2019)

Our aim is to explore if cognitive challenge combined with objective physiology can reveal abnormal frontal alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD), in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) to investigate brain activities during N-back working memory (WM) processing at two different load conditions (N = 0 or 2) in an aging cohort. We studied 60-100 year old participants, with normal cognition, and who fits one of two subgroups from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins: cognitively healthy (CH) with normal amyloid/tau ratio (CH-NAT, n = 10) or pathological amyloid/tau ratio (CH-PAT, n = 14). We recorded behavioral performances, and analyzed alpha power and alpha spectral entropy (SE) at three occasions: during the resting state, and at event-related desynchronization (ERD) [250 ~ 750 ms] during 0-back and 2-back. During 0-back WM testing, the behavioral performance was similar between the two groups, however, qEEG notably differentiated CH-PATs from CH-NATs on the simple, 0-back testing: Alpha ERD decreased from baseline only in the parietal region in CH-NATs, while it decreased in all brain regions in CH-PATs. Alpha SE did not change in CH-NATs, but was increased from baseline in the CH-PATs in frontal and left lateral regions (p<0.01), and was higher in the frontal region (p<0.01) of CH-PATs compared to CH-NATs. The alpha ERD and SE analyses suggest there is frontal lobe dysfunction during WM processing in the CH-PAT stage. Additional power and correlations with behavioral performance were also explored. This study provide pilot information to further evaluate whether this biomarker has clinical significance.
Impact of Cache Architecture and Interface on Performance and Area of FPGA-Based Processor/Parallel-Accelerator Systems (2012)

We describe new multi-ported cache designs suitable for use in FPGA-based processor/parallel-accelerator systems, and evaluate their impact on application performance and area. The baseline system comprises a MIPS soft processor and custom hardware accelerators with a shared memory architecture: on-FPGA L1 cache backed by off-chip DDR2 SDRAM. Within this general system model, we evaluate traditional cache design parameters (cache size, line size, associativity). In the parallel accelerator context, we examine the impact of the cache design and its interface. Specifically, we look at how the number of cache ports affects performance when multiple hardware accelerators operate (and access memory) in parallel, and evaluate two different hardware implementations of multi-ported caches using: 1) multi-pumping, and 2) a recently-published approach based on the concept of a live-value table. Results show that application performance depends strongly on the cache interface and architecture: for a system with 6 accelerators, depending on the cache design, speed up swings from 0.73× to 6.14×, on average, relative to a baseline sequential system (with a single accelerator and a direct-mapped, 2KB cache with 32B lines). Considering both performance and area, the best architecture is found to be a 4-port multi-pump direct-mapped cache with a 16KB cache size and a 128B line size.
Cowpea Mosaic Virus Capsid: A Promising Carrier for the Development of Carbohydrate Based Antitumor Vaccines (2008)

Immunotherapy targeting tumor cell surface carbohydrates is a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the low immunogenecity of carbohydrates presents a formidable challenge. We describe here the enhancement of carbohydrate immunogenicity by an ordered display on the surface of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) capsid. The Tn glycan, which is overexpressed on numerous cancer cell surfaces, was selected as the model antigen for our study. Previously it has been shown that it is difficult to induce a strong T cell-dependent immune response against the monomeric form of Tn presented in several ways on different carriers. In this study, we first synthesized Tn antigens derivatized with either a maleimide or a bromoacetamide moiety that was conjugated selectively to a cysteine mutant of CPMV. The glycoconjugate was then injected into mice and pre- and post-immune antibody levels in the mice sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays. High total antibody titers and, more importantly, high IgG titers specific for Tn were obtained in the post-immune day 35 serum, suggesting the induction of T cell-dependent antibody isotype switching by the glycoconjugate. The antibodies generated were able to recognize Tn antigens presented in their native conformations on the surfaces of both MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the multidrug resistant breast cancer cell line NCI-ADR RES. These results suggest that the CPMV capsid can greatly enhance the immunogenicity of weak antigens such as Tn and this can provide a promising tool for the development of carbohydrate based anti-cancer vaccines.
Design and qualification of a diffractive trifocal optical profile for intraocular lenses (2011)

Dr. Houbrechts has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosures are found in the footnotes.
Detection of a microbial consortium, including type II methanotrophs, by use of phospholipid fatty acids in an aerobic halogenated hydrocarbon-degrading soil column enriched with natural gas (1987)

Abstract The phospholipid ester-linked normal and lipopolysaccharide layer hydroxy fatty acids from microbes in a natural gas (85% methane)-stimulated soil column capable of degrading halogenated hydrocarbons were analyzed in detail by capillary column GC-MS. Microbial biomass, calculated from phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations to be 5.6 × 109 bacteria/g (dry weight), was greater in the hydrocarbon-degrading column than in either an azide-inhibited soil column or an untreated surface soil. Microbial community structure information, using GC-MS analysis of derivatized monounsaturated PLFA, indicated that the major component (16 to 28%) of the PLFA in the hydrocarbon-degrading column was the PLFA 18:1δ10c. This novel PLFA has been reported as a major component in type II methanotrophs. The high relative proportions of C18 components relative to C16 fatty acids indicated that type II rather than type I methanotrophs were the most abundant microbial flora present in the active soil column. Fatty acids from other bacterial groups and microeukaryotes also were detected in the hydrocarbon-degrading soil column. Differences between the relative proportions of these metabolic groups of microorganisms were quantified and compared among the three soils analyzed. Based on these differences, the potential exists to use these methods to monitor shifts in microbial biomass and community structure in aquifers where indigenous bacteria are stimulated to biotransform pollutant compounds.
Future Opportunities for Advancing Glucose Test Device Electronics (2011)

Advancements in the field of printed electronics can be applied to the field of diabetes testing. A brief history and some new developments in printed electronics components applicable to personal test devices, including circuitry, batteries, transmission devices, displays, and sensors, are presented. Low-cost, thin, and lightweight materials containing printed circuits with energy storage or harvest capability and reactive/display centers, made using new printing/imaging technologies, are ideal for incorporation into personal-use medical devices such as glucose test meters. Semicontinuous rotogravure printing, which utilizes flexible substrates and polymeric, metallic, and/or nano "ink" composite materials to effect rapidly produced, lower-cost printed electronics, is showing promise. Continuing research advancing substrate, "ink," and continuous processing development presents the opportunity for research collaboration with medical device designers.