gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bis(μ-oxo)dimetal “Diamond” Cores in Copper and Iron Complexes Relevant to Biocatalysis (2002)

Although quite a familiar feature in high-valent manganese chemistry, the M(2)(mu-O)(2) diamond core motif has only recently been found in synthetic complexes for M=Cu or Fe. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of these more reactive Cu(2)(mu-O)(2) and Fe(2)(mu-O)(2) compounds has been possible through use of appropriately designed supporting ligands, low-temperature handling methods, and techniques such as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography with area detector instrumentation for rapid data collection. Despite differences in electronic structures that have been revealed through experimental and theoretical studies, Cu(2)(mu-O)(2) and Fe(2)(mu-O)(2) cores exhibit analogously covalent metal-oxo bonding, remarkably congruent Raman and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) signatures, and similar tendencies to abstract hydrogen atoms from substrates. Core isomerization is another common reaction attribute, although different pathways are traversed; for Fe, bridge-to-terminal oxo migration has been discovered, while for Cu, reversible formation of an O-O bond to yield a peroxo isomer has been identified. Our understanding of biocatalysis has been enhanced significantly through the isolation and comprehensive characterization of the Cu(2)(mu-O)(2) and Fe(2)(mu-O)(2) complexes. In particular, it has led to the development of new mechanistic notions about how non-heme multimetal enzymes, such as methane monooxygenases, fatty acid desaturase, and tyrosinase, may function in the activation of dioxygen to catalyze a diverse array of organic transformations.
Negative-resistance read and write schemes for STT-MRAM in 0.13&#x00B5;m CMOS (2010)

We present a negative-resistance read scheme and write scheme for spin-torque-transfer (STT) MRAM. A negative resistance shunting an STT-MRAM cell performs a non-destructive read operation, and saves power during write compared with the conventional scheme. Measurements show an 8 ns non-destructive read-access time and an average write power savings of 10.5% for a 16 kb STTMRAM fabricated in 0.13 μm CMOS using a CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB MTJ.
Long‐term efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor: Double‐blind assessments (2002)

Thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is proven to suppress tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). However, there are few reports on its long-term efficacy. We studied the efficacy of DBS at 2 years and 6-7 years after electrode implantations in the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus in 39 patients (20 PD, 19 ET) with severe tremor. Twenty-five of the patients completed the study. Evaluations were done in a double-blind manner with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Essential Tremor Rating Scale (ETRS). DBS decreased tremor sum scores in PD (P < 0.025) compared to the preoperative baseline (median, 7; Q25-75, 6-9) both at 2 years (median, 2; Q25-75, 2-3.5; n = 16) and at 6 to 7 years (median, 2.5; Q25-75, 0.5-3; n = 12). Stimulation on improved tremor sum as well as sub scores (P < 0.025) compared to stimulation off conditions. In ET, thalamic stimulation improved (P < 0.025) kinetic and positional tremor at both follow-up periods (n = 18 and n = 13, respectively) with significant improvements (P < 0.025) in hand-function tests. PD but not ET patients showed a general disease progression. Stimulation parameters were remarkably stable over time. We conclude that high-frequency electric thalamic stimulation can efficiently suppress severe tremor in PD and ET more than 6 years after permanent implantation of brain electrodes.
Palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin ameliorate development of arthritis caused by injection of collagen type II in mice (2013)

We demonstrated that PEA co-ultramicronized with luteolin exerts an antiinflammatory effect during chronic inflammation and ameliorates CIA.
Neuraminidase‐mediated augmentation of <i>in vitro</i> immune response of patients with solid tumors (1974)

Host blood lymphocytes undergo accentuated blastic transformation when cultured with tumor cells pretreated with neuraminidase. The effect has been observed in 38 patients with such common solid tumors as bronchus carcinoma, skin melanoma, hypernephroma, or adenocarcinoma of the breast, lung, colon, or rectum. Individual response varied but often exceeded response to allogeneic cells. Three patients with glioblastoma of the brain did not respond. Lymphoblastic transformation was not observed in three of four cultures containing benign tumor or in any cultures containing normal tissue analogues of the malignant tumors. A factor in host blood serum inhibiting lymphoblastic transformation correlated to abnormal elevation of serum-bound sialic acid. This blocking factor differed in specificity from enhancing antibody or serum blocking complexes described by other investigators. Blocking effects were observed when the tumor-cell type of a serum donor differed from the cell type of the culture test tumor. Serum with abnormal elevation of bound sialate from a cancerfree human also non-specifically blocked host response to tumor. The blocking effect could be eliminated by partial enzymatic removal of bound sialic acid from serum glycoproteins.
Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Neurovascular Surgery: Evolving Indications and Predictors of Patient Outcome (1998)

Current indications for hypothermic circulatory arrest include only giant and complex posterior circulation aneurysms that cannot be treated using conventional techniques or that recur after endovascular coiling. Surgical morbidity and mortality rates reflect the increasing complexity of the aneurysms treated but are still more favorable than the natural history of these lesions. This experience demonstrates that management in specialized neurovascular centers can minimize the morbidity associated with circulatory arrest so that it remains a viable treatment option for complex posterior circulation aneurysms.
Differential expression of glypican-3 (GPC3) in lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma and its clinical significance (2015)

In this study, we examined the expression of glypican-3 (GPC3) in the 2 most common histological types of lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, and explored the relationship between GPC3 expression and the prognosis of these 2 types of lung cancers. Lung cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues were collected from a total of 60 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma or lung adenocarcinoma. GPC3 gene and protein expression in the tissue samples was examined using fluorescence-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. In addition, the serological levels of GPC3 protein in lung cancer patients were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The overall expression of GPC3 protein in lung cancer was 45% (21/60). No GPC3 expression was detected in paracancerous lung tissues. Positive expression of GPC3 protein in lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in lung adenocarcinoma (70 vs 20%, P < 0.001). Among GPC3-positive lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma samples, samples collected from patients with lymph node metastasis and patients with poorly differentiated cancer exhibited more pronounced GPC-3 expression. GPC3 protein expression was significantly higher in lung squamous cell carcinoma than in lung adenocarcinoma. GPC3 may be a candidate marker for detecting lung squamous cell carcinoma.
ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATIONS OF SOLIDS (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTELECTROSTATIC SEPARATIONS OF SOLIDSFoster Fraas and Oliver C. BalstonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 5, 600–604Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50365a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50365a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A transparent hybrid of nanocrystalline cellulose and amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles (2011)

Nanocellulose hybrids are promising candidates for biodegradable multifunctional materials. Hybrids of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles were obtained through a facile chemical approach over a wide range of compositions. Controlling the interactions between NCC and ACC results in hard, transparent structures with tunable composition, homogeneity and anisotropy.
Synthesis of Different Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> and CuO (Nanowires, Rectangles, Seed-, Belt-, and Sheetlike) Nanostructures by Simple Wet Chemical Route (2009)

We report the synthesis of different Cu(OH)2 and CuO nanostructures (nanowires, rectangles, seedlike, beltlike, and sheetlike) in a solution phase with high yield at low cost by simple reduction of aqueous solution of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2 = 0.2 M) with different alkaline solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH = 0.1, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 M). The morphology of the synthesized nanostructures is significantly influenced by the feeding concentration of alkaline NaOH solution. Cu(OH)2 rectangles and nanowires can be readily obtained by the reduction of Cu(NO3)2 solution with different molar concentrations of NaOH solution and the synthesized nanomaterials get transformed into different nanostructures of CuO by subsequent heat treatment at 80 °C for half an hour. Well-defined rectangle-like structures of hydrated copper hydroxide Cu(OH)2·H2O and different CuO nanostructures, such as seedlike, beltlike, and sheetlike, were synthesized by thermal dehydration of corresponding different shaped and sized Cu(OH)2 nanomaterials. The Raman spectra of different CuO nanomaterials obtained at different molar concentrations of NaOH (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 M) were recorded in the region 1050−1300 cm−1. A tentative mechanism has been given for the formation and transformation of different nanostructures.
<i>N</i><sup>ε</sup>-(Carboxymethyl)lysine Protein Adduct Is a Major Immunological Epitope in Proteins Modified with Advanced Glycation End Products of the Maillard Reaction (1996)

Long-term incubation of proteins with glucose leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). Recent immunological studies have suggested the potential role of AGE in atherosclerosis, aging, and diabetic complications. We previously prepared a monoclonal (6D12) as well as a polyclonal anti-AGE antibody and proposed the presence of a common AGE structure(s) that may act as a major immunochemical epitope [Horiuchi, S., Araki, N., & Morino, Y. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 7329-7332]. The purpose of the present study was to determine the major epitope. Amino acid analysis of AGE-proteins indicated that N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) was a major modified lysine residue. Immunologic studies demonstrated the positive reaction of 6D12 not only to all CML-modified proteins tested, but also to BSA modified with several aldehydes known to generate a CML-protein adduct, and a linear correlation between the CML contents of CML-BSA and their immunoreactivity to 6D12 up to approximately 8 mol/mol of protein. Further experiments with CML analogs revealed that the epitope of 6D12 is a CML-protein adduct with an important carbonyl group. In contrast to 6D12, our polyclonal anti-AGE antibody showed a significant but much weaker immunoreactivity to CML-BSA, suggesting that the polyclonal antibody contains two populations, one reactive to CML (CML-PA) and the other unreactive to CML (Non-CML-PA). Non-CML-PA separated from CML-PA by CML-BSA affinity chromatography did not react with all CML-modified preparations, but retained its property to react commonly with AGE preparations obtained from proteins, lysine derivatives, and monoaminocarboxylic acids. Therefore, it is clear that a CML-protein adduct is a major immunological epitope in AGE structures, but there still exist other major epitope(s) expressed commonly in AGE-proteins.
Chromatin state dynamics during blood formation (2014)

Chromatin modifications are crucial for development, yet little is known about their dynamics during differentiation. Hematopoiesis provides a well-defined model to study chromatin state dynamics; however, technical limitations impede profiling of homogeneous differentiation intermediates. We developed a high-sensitivity indexing-first chromatin immunoprecipitation approach to profile the dynamics of four chromatin modifications across 16 stages of hematopoietic differentiation. We identify 48,415 enhancer regions and characterize their dynamics. We find that lineage commitment involves de novo establishment of 17,035 lineage-specific enhancers. These enhancer repertoire expansions foreshadow transcriptional programs in differentiated cells. Combining our enhancer catalog with gene expression profiles, we elucidate the transcription factor network controlling chromatin dynamics and lineage specification in hematopoiesis. Together, our results provide a comprehensive model of chromatin dynamics during development.
Normothermic blood perfusion of isolated rabbit kidneys. III. In vitro physiology of kidneys after perfusion with Euro-Collins solution or 7.5 M cryoprotectant (VS4) (2002)

Cryopreservation of solid organs might be possible using a mixture of cell-permeable agents, cryoprotectants (CPA), which are designed to completely preclude ice crystal formation during cooling to cryogenic temperatures. The effects of a specific prototype solution (VS4) were evaluated by normothermic blood perfusion in vitro. Rabbit kidneys were divided into three groups: untreated controls ( n=7), Euro-Collins (EC)-perfused controls ( n=6) and VS4 (49%, w/v) CPA-perfused kidneys ( n=7). After a 2-h blood perfusion, five of the seven CPA-perfused kidneys developed polyuria (0.21 mlxmin(-1)xg(-1)) relative to untreated controls (0.07 mlxmin(-1)xg(-1)) or EC-perfused kidneys (0.06 mlxmin(-1)xg(-1)), owing to the lower reabsorption of water (34.3%), Na(+) (34.2%) and glucose (35.6%). Furthermore, two kidneys were non-functional with virtually no urine production. Reduced tubular function was associated with reduced oxygen consumption (3.6 versus 2.3 versus 2.0 micromolexmin(-1)xg(-1) for controls, EC- and CPA-perfused kidneys, respectively) and increased weight gain (17% versus 20% versus 30%, respectively) after blood perfusion. Therefore, the current results provide insight into both the physiological effects of VS4 and the limits of reversibility of renal pathophysiological states. Our results also indicate that in vitro monitoring of oxygen consumption and weight gain of perfused organs could be used as predictors of renal function.
Diodelike Current–Voltage Curves for a Single Molecule–Tunneling Spectroscopy with Submolecular Resolution of an Alkylated, <i>peri</i>‐Condensed Hexabenzocoronene (1995)

The electronic properties of molecules can in some cases be elucidated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The current–voltage characteristics through the aromatic core of a benzocoronene molecule (1), localized with submolecular resolution, are the same those of a diode, and are caused by the properties of a single molecule in contact with two electrodes. R = n-C12H25.
Three Distinct Phases of Fodrin Proteolysis Induced in Postischemic Hippocampus (1995)

Calpain induced proteolysis of fodrin in ischemic hippocampus, and the late predegeneration phase of the proteolysis was closely associated with the delayed neuronal death in the CA1 sector. Calpain and another protease may play a role in the development of neuronal death after transient forebrain ischemia.
Quantitative Assessment of Effect of Preanalytic Cold Ischemic Time on Protein Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues (2012)

Key breast cancer biomarkers show no evidence of loss of antigenicity, although this dataset assesses the relatively short time beyond the 1-hour limit in recent guidelines. Other proteins show changes in antigenicity in both directions. Future studies that extend the time range and normalize for heterogeneity will provide more comprehensive information on preanalytic variation due to cold ischemic time.
Gelation Mechanism of Milk as Influenced by Temperature and pH; Studied by the Use of Transglutaminase Cross-Linked Casein Micelles (2003)

Casein micelles in milk are colloidal particles consisting of four different caseins and calcium phosphate, each of which can be exchanged with the serum phase. The distribution of caseins and calcium between the serum and micellar phase is pH and temperature dependent. Furthermore, upon acidification casein micelles lose their colloidal stability and start to aggregate and gel. In this paper, we studied two methods of acid-induced gelation, i.e., 1) acidification of milk at temperatures of 20 to 50 degrees C and 2) decreasing the pH at 20 degrees C to just above the gelation pH and subsequently inducing gelation by increasing the temperature. These two routes are called T-pH and pH-T, respectively. The gelation kinetics and the properties of the final gels obtained are affected by the gelation route applied. The pH-T milks gel at higher pH and lower temperature and the gels formed are stronger and show less susceptibility to syneresis. By using intramicellar cross-linked casein micelles, in which release of serum caseins is prevented, we demonstrated that unheated milk serum caseins play a key role in gelation kinetics and characteristics of the final gels formed. This mechanism is presented in a model and is relevant for optimizing and controlling industrial processes in the dairy industry, such as pasteurization of acidified milk products.
Similarity-based agents for e-mail mining (2002)

With Internet use continuing to explode, and due to the simplicity of sending e-mails to many people, recent years have seen the time spent in dealing with unnecessary and irrelevant e-mails increasing. In general, we note that the efforts of the scientific and industrial communities have been focused on the idea of smart filtering services. Our approach is different: the user wishes to send an e-mail to an appropriate reader, i.e. a user whose "profile" is compatible with the content of the e-mail itself. The profile is described in terms of topics that are related to the e-mail argument through a similarity-based network. The e-mail writer establishes this cognitive frame on the client-side, exploiting similarity-based reasoning. Then a search engine, based on mobile computation, is triggered: a number of autonomous agents are created and sent on to the network. The agents work as a Web-crawling spider, not exploring the net indiscriminately but searching domain-relevant documents directly on potential reader hosts. From this kind of document, the agent extracts logic-based knowledge that is processed by the similarity deduction engine. As a result, the agent returns an evaluation of the users' degree of interest in receiving the potential e-mail. On the client-side, a collector receives the different evaluations in order to define the final user mailing list by means of a flexible mechanism.
Application of the kalman filter to continuous signal restoration (1970)

Abstract The Kalman filter is applied to the inverse filtering or deconvolution problem. The derivation given of the Kalman filter emphasizes the relationship between the Kalman and Wiener filter. This derivation is based on the representation of systems by state variables and the modeling of random processes as the output of linear systems excited by white noise. Illustrative results indicate the applicability of these techniques to a variety of geophysical data processing problems. The Kalman filter offers exploration geophysicists additional insight into processing-problem modeling and solution.
Circadian activity rhythms and risk of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older women (2011)

Older, healthy women with decreased circadian activity rhythm amplitude and robustness, and delayed rhythms have increased odds of developing dementia and MCI. If confirmed, future studies should examine whether interventions (physical activity, bright light exposure) that influence activity rhythms will reduce the risk of cognitive deterioration in the elderly.
The Adjuvant Effect of Interleukin-12 in a Vaccine Against <i>Leishmania major</i> (1994)

Protection induced by vaccination depends on the capacity of the vaccine to elicit an appropriate immune response. In leishmaniasis, protection requires leishmanial-specific CD4+ T helper (TH) cells. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with leishmanial antigens and interleukin-12 (IL-12) promoted the development of leishmanial-specific CD4+ TH1 cells. These mice were resistant to subsequent infection with Leishmania major. Thus, IL-12 is an effective adjuvant for the initiation of protective cell-mediated immunity against leishmaniasis and may be an important component in other vaccines that need to induce cell-mediated immunity.
The promise of anti-angiogenic cancer therapy (2000)

It is now over 200 years since the British surgeon John Hunter first used the term angiogenesis to describe the growth of new blood vessels in the developing reindeer antler (Hunter, 1787) and some 30 years since the possibility of antagonizing angiogenesis as a novel anticancer strategy first became recognized by the scientific community. It is only in the last 5 years, however, that the field of (anti)angiogenesis research has undergone an explosive growth in activity (Figure 1). A primary reason for this has been an increasing optimism amongst researchers that anti-angiogenesis does indeed, at the present time, represent one of the most exciting opportunities for the development of completely new approaches to the treatment of cancer. The purpose of this commentary is to give an assessment of where we stand at present and of the future potential for angiogenic inhibitors in cancer therapy.