gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Jejunal brush-border folate hydrolase. A novel enzyme. (1991)

Dietary folate, a vitamin required for DNA synthesis and cell regeneration, occurs as pteroylpolyglutamates that are hydrolyzed to pteroylglutamate during the process of intestinal absorption. Studies from our laboratory over the past 15 years have shown that jejunal brush-border folate hydrolase is essential and rate-limiting in folate absorption. Brush-border folate hydrolase activity and pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolysis are inhibited in disease and conditions associated with folate deficiency, including celiac and tropical sprue, the use of sulfasalazine to treat inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic alcoholism. Brush-border folate hydrolase is an exopeptidase located on the jejunal brush-border surface that liberates hydrolytic products of pteroylpolyglutamates in a progressive fashion, with a final release of pteroylglutamate. Subsequent steps in folate absorption include uptake by a brush-border folate-binding-protein receptor and transport across the brush-border membrane into the enterocyte. These steps are probably followed by an intracellular synthesis of pteroylglutamates for folate-dependent reactions and intracellular hydrolysis to pteroylglutamate for transport across the basolateral membrane to the portal circulation. In pigs, the active form of jejunal brush-border folate hydrolase has a molecular weight of 240 kd and is probably a homodimer of the 120-kd protein found after immunoprecipitation with specific antibody. Regulating the synthesis and expression of brush-border folate hydrolase may be critical to the availability of dietary folate.
An endoplasmic reticulum trafficking signal prevents surface expression of a voltage- and Ca <sup>2+</sup> -activated K <sup>+</sup> channel splice variant (2004)

Protein delivery to restricted plasma membrane domains is exquisitely regulated at different stages of the cell trafficking machinery. Traffic control involves the recognition of export/retention/retrieval signals in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi complex that will determine protein fate. A splice variant (SV), SV1, of the voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel alpha-subunit accumulates the channel in the ER, preventing its surface expression. We show that SV1 insert contains a nonbasic, hydrophobic retention/retrieval motif, CVLF, that does not interfere with proper folding and tetramerization of SV1. Localization of proteins in the ER by CVLF is independent of its position; originally, on the first internal loop, SV1 insert or CVLF perform equally well if placed at the middle or end of the alpha-subunit intracellular carboxyl terminus. Also, CVLF is able to restrict the traffic of an independently expressed transmembrane protein, beta 1-subunit. CVLF is present in proteins across species and in lower organisms. Thus, CVLF may have evolved to serve as a regulator of cellular traffic.
ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION OF URANYL AND FERRIC SULFATE SOLUTIONS (1950)

Abstract : The efficiency of reduction of uranyl and ferric ions was studied, both separately and together. Current efficiencies were studied in relation to concentration, current density, and the presence or absence of mechanical agitation of the electrolyte.
Betylates. 3. Preparative nucleophilic substitution by way of [2]-, [3]-, and [4]betylates. Stoichiometric phase transfer and substrate-reagent ion-pair (SRIP) reactions of betylates (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBetylates. 3. Preparative nucleophilic substitution by way of [2]-, [3]-, and [4]betylates. Stoichiometric phase transfer and substrate-reagent ion-pair (SRIP) reactions of betylatesJ. F. King, S. M. Loosmore, M. Aslam, J. D. Lock, and M. J. McGarrityCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 25, 7108–7122Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00389a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00389a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2644Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Research and Realization of Image Sharpening Based on Laplace (2009)

This paper proposes a method of image sharpening based on Laplace,and realizes the method with DSP.First,research the basic principles of image sharpening based on Laplace,and calculate the Laplace operator in the Image Sharpening.Second,according the Laplace operator,write the main function and three functions such as Readimage function for read image data,InitImage function for initialization images and Laplace function for image sharpening to realize image sharpening based on the Laplace with C language in the CCS2.Finally,use three images to verify the effects of image sharpening.Comparison,we can see the images sharpened with the algorithm more clarity than the original.
Enol Ethers of Steroidal Δ<sup>4</sup>-3-Ketones (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnol Ethers of Steroidal Δ4-3-KetonesA. L. NUSSBAUM, E. YUAN, D. DINCER, and E. P. OLIVETOCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 10, 3925–3928Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01068a069https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01068a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Environmental distribution and genetic diversity of vegetative compatibility groups determine biocontrol strategies to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of maize by <scp> <i>A</i> </scp> <i>spergillus flavus</i> (2015)

Maize infected by aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus may become contaminated with aflatoxins, and as a result, threaten human health, food security and farmers' income in developing countries where maize is a staple. Environmental distribution and genetic diversity of A. flavus can influence the effectiveness of atoxigenic isolates in mitigating aflatoxin contamination. However, such information has not been used to facilitate selection and deployment of atoxigenic isolates. A total of 35 isolates of A. flavus isolated from maize samples collected from three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria were used in this study. Ecophysiological characteristics, distribution and genetic diversity of the isolates were determined to identify vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). The generated data were used to inform selection and deployment of native atoxigenic isolates to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in maize. In co-inoculation with toxigenic isolates, atoxigenic isolates reduced aflatoxin contamination in grain by > 96%. A total of 25 VCGs were inferred from the collected isolates based on complementation tests involving nitrate non-utilizing (nit(-)) mutants. To determine genetic diversity and distribution of VCGs across agro-ecological zones, 832 nit(-) mutants from 52 locations in 11 administrative districts were paired with one self-complementary nitrate auxotroph tester-pair for each VCG. Atoxigenic VCGs accounted for 81.1% of the 153 positive complementations recorded. Genetic diversity of VCGs was highest in the derived savannah agro-ecological zone (H = 2.61) compared with the southern Guinea savannah (H = 1.90) and northern Guinea savannah (H = 0.94) zones. Genetic richness (H = 2.60) and evenness (E5 = 0.96) of VCGs were high across all agro-ecological zones. Ten VCGs (40%) had members restricted to the original location of isolation, whereas 15 VCGs (60%) had members located between the original source of isolation and a distance > 400 km away. The present study identified widely distributed VCGs in Nigeria such as AV0222, AV3279, AV3304 and AV16127, whose atoxigenic members can be deployed for a region-wide biocontrol of toxigenic isolates to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize.
Preparation and Properties of Neopentyl Chloride in Relation to Molecular Rearrangements<sup>1</sup> (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Neopentyl Chloride in Relation to Molecular Rearrangements1Frank C. Whitmore and Geo. H. FlemingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 10, 4161–4162Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01337a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01337a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Homologous Recombination with DNA Introduced into Mammalian Cells (1984)

The ultimate objective of the work described below is gene therapy; i.e., the controlled introduction of DNA into cells so as to correct faulty chromosomal genes.
Irreproducibility in hydrogen storage material research (2016)

Problems regarding publication of irreproducible results in hydrogen storage material research are discussed, together with possible ways forward for the future.
Effect of RF phase modulation on the longitudinal beam dynamics (2002)

When the frequency of the RF noise is close to the synchrotron frequency, it will cause longitudinal beam instability. In order to study the effect of the instability, a sinusoidal phase modulation was applied to the RF system. The beam instability was observed with a streak camera. The oscillation amplitude and frequency of the beam versus the frequency of applied phase modulation was measured. The beam splitting into two beamlets in the same RF bucket was also observed when the frequency of phase modulation was close to the synchrotron frequency.
Active Reranking for Web Image Search (2009)

Image search reranking methods usually fail to capture the user's intention when the query term is ambiguous. Therefore, reranking with user interactions, or active reranking, is highly demanded to effectively improve the search performance. The essential problem in active reranking is how to target the user's intention. To complete this goal, this paper presents a structural information based sample selection strategy to reduce the user's labeling efforts. Furthermore, to localize the user's intention in the visual feature space, a novel local-global discriminative dimension reduction algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, a submanifold is learned by transferring the local geometry and the discriminative information from the labelled images to the whole (global) image database. Experiments on both synthetic datasets and a real Web image search dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active reranking scheme, including both the structural information based active sample selection strategy and the local-global discriminative dimension reduction algorithm.
Subsidence Prediction and Casing Integrity With Respect to Pore-Pressure Depletion With 3-D Finite-Element Method (2010)

Abstract Pore-pressure depletion arising from oil production can cause subsidence of overburden formations as well as casing failures. The reduction of casing failure in a field containing compactable reservoirs is particularly significant to the reduction of non-productive time. Casing integrity can be influenced by various factors, including formation loading and inner pressure applied to the casing. This paper focuses primarily on a numerical analysis of casing failure caused by the formation geostress load related to pore- pressure depletions. Three-dimensional (3-D) numerical analyses of formation subsidence and related casing failure of a deviated well in a field of offshore Brazil was performed. The calculations considered pore-pressure depletions in the area around a production well and of nearby wells. A fully-coupled hydro-mechanical model was adopted to simulate the porous flow that occurred simultaneously with matrix deformation. Submodeling technique was adopted to address the discrepancy between the scale of the oilfield and that of the casing section. A full-field scale was used to simulate seabed subsidence at a global level. Casing failure was calculated at a local level at the scale of 10 m. The subsidence contour at the field level was plotted as cross- sections of the areas under study for the total formation depth of 10 km. The key casing section along the entire trajectory length was selected by using the finite-element method (FEM). For a given three-year period of production, two submodels were selected, which correspond to the various key-casing sections selected. Plastic deformations of each key casing section with different maximum formation loadings for the two different pore-pressure depletions have been given out. The numerical results of seabed subsidence simulations closely correlate with the measured data from references. The casing failure analysis also matched the observed phenomena. The proposed numerical procedure provides an effective tool for casing integrity estimates and prediction of production-related subsidence.
A Hi-Bi Ultra-Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Fiber Sensor (2019)

In this paper, a simple, miniature, and highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed. The target analyte and the plasmonic material are at the outer surface of the fiber making practical applications feasible. A 30-nm gold (Au) layer supports surface plasmons. A thin titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) layer is used to assist adhesion of Au on the glass fiber. The fiber cross section is formed purely by circular-shaped holes simplifying the preform manufacturing process. A high-birefringence (hi-bi) fiber is obtained by means of an array of air holes at the center of the fiber. A finite element method (FEM) is employed to analyze the surface plasmon properties of the proposed PCF-SPR sensor. By optimizing the geometric parameters, a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 25 000 nm/RIU and an amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 1411 RIU <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for a dielectric refractive index (RI) range of 1.33-1.38 are obtained. Moreover, an estimated maximum resolution of 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> and a figure of merit (FOM) of 502 are obtained that ensures high detection accuracy of small refractive index (RI) changes. Owing to its sensitivity and simple architecture, the proposed sensor has potential application in a range of sensing application, including biosensing.
Behavior of Bubbles of Slowly Permeating Gas Used for Ultrasonic Imaging Contrast (1995)

Bubbles of slowly permeating gas change size and composition after injection and also during their passage through different parts of the circulation.
Application of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Neural Network to Load Forecasting in Electric Power System (2007)

Electric power system load forecasting plays an important role in the energy management system (EMS), which has great influence on the operation, controlling and planning of electric power system. A precise electric power system short term load forecasting will result in economic cost saving and improving security operation condition. With the development of deregulation in electric power system, the method of short term load forecasting with high accuracy is becoming more and more important. Due to the complicacy and uncertainty of load forecasting, electric power load is difficult to be forecasted precisely if no analysis model and numerical value algorithm model is applied. In order to improve the precision of electric power system short term load forecasting, a new load forecasting model is put foreword in this paper .This paper presents a short-term load forecasting method using pattern recognition which obtains input sets belong to multi-layered fed-forward neural network, and artificial neural network in which BP learning algorithm is used to train samples. Load forecasting has become one of the major areas of research in electrical engineering in recent years. The artificial neural network used in short-time load forecasting can grasp interior rule in factors and complete complex mathematic mapping. Therefore, it is world wide applied effectively for power system short-term load forecasting.
Clinical correlates of common corneal neovascular diseases: a literature review. (2015)

A large subset of corneal pathologies involves the formation of new blood and lymph vessels (neovascularization), leading to compromised visual acuity. This article aims to review the clinical causes and presentations of corneal neovascularization (CNV) by examining the mechanisms behind common CNV-related corneal pathologies, with a particular focus on herpes simplex stromal keratitis, contact lenses-induced keratitis and CNV secondary to keratoplasty. Moreover, we reviewed CNV in the context of different types of corneal transplantation and keratoprosthesis, and summarized the most relevant treatments available so far.
Prediction of the minimum neutron energy to nucleate vapor bubbles in superheated liquids (1985)

Calculated values of the stopping power of ions in superheated liquid have been used in predicting the minimum neutron energy that will nucleate vapor bubbles in a superheated liquid. Such predictions are useful in understanding the behavior of a new class of neutron detectors based on superheated halocarbon or hydrocarbon drops suspended in aqueous gel.
Robust Strand Exchange Reactions for the Sequence-Specific, Real-Time Detection of Nucleic Acid Amplicons (2015)

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of DNA is a powerful isothermal nucleic acid amplification method that can generate upward of 10(9) copies from less than 100 copies of template DNA within an hour. Unfortunately, although the amplification reactions are extremely powerful, real-time and specific detection of LAMP products remains analytically challenging. In order to both improve the specificity of LAMP detection and to make readout simpler and more reliable, we have replaced the intercalating dye typically used for monitoring in real-time fluorescence with a toehold-mediated strand exchange reaction termed one-step strand displacement (OSD). Due to the inherent sequence specificity of toehold-mediated strand exchange, the OSD reporter could successfully distinguish side products from true amplicons arising from templates corresponding to the biomedically relevant M. tuberculosis RNA polymerase (rpoB) and the melanoma-related biomarker BRAF. OSD allowed the Yes/No detection of rpoB in a complex mixture such as synthetic sputum and also demonstrated single nucleotide specificity in Yes/No detection of a mutant BRAF allele (V600E) in the presence of 20-fold more of the wild-type gene. Real-time detection of different genes in multiplex LAMP reactions also proved possible. The development of simple, readily designed, modular equivalents of TaqMan probes for isothermal amplification reactions should generally improve the applicability of these reactions and may eventually assist with the development of point-of-care tests.
Activation of Protein Kinase A and Atypical Protein Kinase C by A2A Adenosine Receptors Antagonizes Apoptosis Due to Serum Deprivation in PC12 Cells (2001)

We found in the present study that stimulation of A(2A) adenosine receptors (A(2A)-R) prevents apoptosis in PC12 cells. This A(2A)-protective effect was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors and was not observed in a PKA-deficient PC12 variant. Stimulation of PKA also prevented apoptosis, suggesting that PKA is required for the protective effect of A(2A)-R. A general PKC inhibitor, but not down-regulation of conventional and novel PKCs, readily blocked the protective effect of A(2A)-R stimulation and PKA activation, suggesting that atypical PKCs (aPKCs) serve a critical role downstream of PKA. Consistent with this hypothesis, stimulation of A(2A)-R or PKA enhanced nuclear aPKC activity. In addition, the A(2A)-protective effect was blocked by a specific inhibitor of one aPKC, PKCzeta, whereas overexpression of a dominant-positive PKCzeta enhanced survival. In contrast, inhibitors of MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase did not modulate the A(2A)-protective effect. Dominant-negative Akt also did not alter the A(2A)-protective effect, whereas it significantly reduced the protective action of nerve growth factor. Collectively, these data suggest that aPKCs can function downstream of PKA to mediate the A(2A)-R-promoted survival of PC12 cells. Furthermore, the results indicate that different extracellular stimuli can employ distinct signaling pathways to protect against apoptosis induced by the same insult.