gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of acute liver allograft rejection by IL-10-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (2014)

Hepatic allograft rejection remains a challenging problem, with acute rejection episode as the major barrier for long-term survival in liver transplant recipients. To explore a strategy to prevent allograft rejection, we hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) genetically engineered with interleukin-10 (IL-10) could produce beneficial effects on orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the experimental rat model. Syngeneic MSCs transduced with IL-10 were delivered via the right jugular vein 30 min post-orthotopic transplantation in the rat model. To evaluate liver morphology and measure cytokine concentration, the blood and liver samples from each animal group were collected at different time-points (3, 5 and 7 days) post-transplantation. The mean survival time of the rats treated with MSCs-IL-10 was shown to be much longer than those treated with saline. According to Banff scheme grading, the saline group scores increased significantly compared with those in the MSCs-IL-10 group. Retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) expression was more increased in the saline group compared to those in the MSCs-IL-10 group in a time-dependent manner; forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) expression also decreased significantly in the saline group compared with those in the MSCs-IL-10 group in a time-dependent manner. The expression of cytokines [IL-17, IL-23, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α] in the saline groups increased significantly compared with the time-point-matched MSCs-IL-10 group, whereas cytokine expression of (IL-10, TGF-β1) was deceased markedly compared to that in the MSCs-IL-10 group. These results suggest a potential role for IL-10-engineered MSC therapy to overcome clinical liver transplantation rejection.
End-to-End Speech Separation with Unfolded Iterative Phase Reconstruction (2018)

This paper proposes an end-to-end approach for single-channel speaker-independent multi-speaker speech separation, where time-frequency (T-F) masking, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), and its inverse are represented as layers within a deep network. Previous approaches, rather than computing a loss on the reconstructed signal, used a surrogate loss based on the target STFT magnitudes. This ignores reconstruction error introduced by phase inconsistency. In our approach, the loss function is directly defined on the reconstructed signals, which are optimized for best separation. In addition, we train through unfolded iterations of a phase reconstruction algorithm, represented as a series of STFT and inverse STFT layers. While mask values are typically limited to lie between zero and one for approaches using the mixture phase for reconstruction, this limitation is less relevant if the estimated magnitudes are to be used together with phase reconstruction. We thus propose several novel activation functions for the output layer of the T-F masking, to allow mask values beyond one. On the publicly-available wsj0-2mix dataset, our approach achieves state-of-the-art 12.6 dB scale-invariant signal-to-distortion ratio (SI-SDR) and 13.1 dB SDR, revealing new possibilities for deep learning based phase reconstruction and representing a fundamental progress towards solving the notoriously-hard cocktail party problem.
The Synthesis of 5-Carbethoxyuracils (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 5-CarbethoxyuracilsCalvert W. WhiteheadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 17, 4267–4271Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01137a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01137a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unilamellar liposomes modulate secretion of tumor necrosis factor by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages (1994)

Liposomal encapsulation of antimicrobial agents has been used to improve drug delivery, particularly against intracellular pathogens. The effect of unilamellar liposomes on macrophage activation in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide was examined. Liposomes caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor release by lipopolysaccharide-treated cells. The accumulation of tumor necrosis factor mRNA transcripts was unaffected, suggesting a posttranscriptional mechanism for this effect. However, induction of macrophage procoagulant activity was unaffected by liposomes, indicating a selective rather than a global inhibition. These data suggest that liposomes used for drug delivery may modulate the host response to infection.
Sequence Elements Responsible for DNA Curvature (1994)

Intrinsic DNA bending or curvature is a phenomenon that has been shown to play an important role in a variety of DNA transactions. Large curvature occurs when short homopolymeric (dA.dT)4-6 runs (A-tracts) are repeated in phase with the helical screw. We have used electrophoretic mobility modulation to examine how bending depends on the nature of the 5 bp DNA sequence between the A tracts in molecules of the form (A5-6N5)n. We show that A-tract-induced DNA curvature can indeed be affected by other sequence elements, although by only about +/- 10%. The small observed curvature modulation implies that the overall helix axis deflection contributed by 5-bp B-DNA segments between A-tracts varies little from one sequence to another. This result validates, to first order, the assumption that DNA curvature results from inserting A-tracts at integral turn phasing into generic B-DNA. Therefore, if, as has been proposed, A-tracts have zero roll between the base-pairs and all curvature results from positive roll in the B-DNA segments, then this must be a general property of approximately 5 bp B-DNA sequences, not just special cases. This interpretation would require that the canonical structure of B-DNA be revised to include systematic roll between the base-pairs of about 6 degrees. Alternatively, the data are also consistent with zero average roll in the B-DNA sequences, and wedge angles dominated by negative roll in the A-tracts, or with an appropriate mixture of the two models. It is not possible to resolve this ambiguity using comparative electrophoresis or existing structural data. We show that published wedge angle parameters successfully predict the measured direction and, with appropriate rescaling, the magnitude of curvature due to a non-A-tract sequence containing the protein-free lac operator CAP protein binding site.
Multistage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin (1979)

Skin tumors in mice can be induced by the sequential application of a subthreshold dose of a carcinogen (initiation phase) followed by repetitive treatment with a noncarcinogenic tumor promoter. The initiation phase requires only a single application of either a direct acting carcinogen or a procarcinogen which has to be metabolized before being active and is essentially an irreversible step which probably involves a somatic cell mutation. There is a good correlation between the skin tumor initiating activites of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their ability to bind covalently to epidermal DNA. Laboratory results suggest that bay region diol-epoxides are the ultimate carcinogenic form of PAH carcinogens. Potent inhibitors and stimulators of PAH tumor initiation appear to affect the level of the PAH diol-epoxide reacting with specific DNA bases. Reecent data suggests that the tumor promotion stage involves at least three important steps: (1) the induction of embryonic looking cells (dark cells) in adult epidermis; (2) an increased production of epidermal prostaglandins and polyamines; (3) sustained proliferation of dark cells. Retinoic acid specifically inhibits step two whereas the anti-inflammatory steriod fluocinolone acetonide is a potent inhibitor of steps one and three. The mechanism and the importance of a specific sequence for each step in chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin are detailed.
1989 Federal Nursing Service Award Winner (1990)

This article describes the development of a fall risk assessment tool for hospitalized patients that became the key component in a fall prevention program at one medical center. The characteristics of 102 patients who fell were compared with those of 102 patients matched by age and length of stay who did not fall. The statistically significant differences found between these two groups of patients were used to develop a fall risk assessment tool that was further tested on 334 patients for reliability and validity. This assessment tool was used in conjunction with a standardized nursing care plan, fall risk alert signs and stickers, a written nursing evaluation of all falls, and new safety equipment as part of an integrated fall prevention program. In the 12 months following the institution of the fall prevention program, decreases in monthly falls per patient day have averaged 20% lower than peak levels in 1988, or 41 falls per 10,000 patient days.
Methane and Ethane Aromatization without Using Oxidant over Supported Mo Catalysts (1998)

Methane and ethane aromatization without using oxidant over various supported Mo catalysts has been studied. Among all the used supporters (Al 2O 3, SiO 2, HZSM 5), HZSM 5 is the best one. For methane reaction, Mo/HZSM 5 catalyst shows higher reactivity and aromatics selectivity than Mo/Al 2O 3 or Mo/SiO 2 catalysts. For ethane reaction, however, the existence of molybdenum species is favorable for production of methane ( over Mo/HZSM 5 or Mo/SiO 2 ) or ethene (over Mo/Al 2O 3 ), which results in lower aromatics selectivity. The good cracking ability of molybdenum species may be responsible for the activation of methane. It is found that all the reactions using methane as reactant show induction period prior to the initiation of benzene formation, while those using ethane as reactant do not do so. TPSR results show that there is doublet structure on the corresponding curves of CO 2 and H 2O for methane reaction, which demonstrates the step reduction of molybdenum species. As for ethane reaction, however, there is no such phenomenon. Therefor, we suggest that induction period of methane reaction ( prior to the initiation of benzene formation) should be related to the reduction of molybdenum species.
<i>Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics</i> (2001)

Book review: Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics D.T. Blackstock; Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York, 2000, 541 pages, ISBN 0-471-3197
N-Acetyl-ß-Glucosaminidase and ß2-Microglobulin (1983)

• The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) and β<sub>2</sub>-microglobulin (β<sub>2</sub>M) was studied in 43 patients with various forms of renal parenchymal disease. Patients with membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, obstructive pyelonephritis, nephrosclerosis, and minimal change nephropathy generally had urinary NAG and β<sub>2</sub>M levels more than 3 SDs above those seen in normal subjects. Patients with progressive renal disease averaged higher NAG and β<sub>2</sub>M urinary levels than those with the same renal lesion and stable function. Since elevated urinary levels of NAG and β<sub>2</sub>M suggest renal tubular injury or dysfunction, our observations suggest tubulointerstitial involvement in a wide variety of renal diseases. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1983;143:1183-1185)
Top challenges of LTE to become the next generation railway communication system (2012)

Railway environments cannot be away from the current evolution of public communication systems. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communication system is considered to be the natural evolution for current Global System for Mobile Communications Railways (GSM-R). LTE all IP networking technology plays a key role for the integration and convergence of heterogeneous networks and services, both the specific for the railway operative and the commercial broadband ones for passengers. The adoption of a new generation standard for railway communication must be based on an exhaustive feasibility study of the new system to become the railway mobile communication system. In this paper, LTE's top challenges to address the specific requirements and features of railway communication services are evaluated. Under this scope, LTE features to implement the required railway functionalities, LTE technical challenges, spectrum harmonization, network deployment considerations and LTE capabilities to meet the railway service Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) requirements, are assessed.
Channel codec performs versatile error-correction (1990)

In the paper a proposal of a flexible error-correcting codec for data transmission is presented. The field of possible applications is explained. The flexible codec allows implementation of RS and binary BCH codes with variable parameters within the same device. In the future the progress in VLSI technology will permit integration as a flexible one chip channel codec.
Improving Reading Comprehension by Using Paragraph Restatements (1987)

Thirty-two elementary learning disabled students were randomly assigned either to a condition in which they were trained to use a comprehension monitoring strategy or to a control condition. In the strategy condition, students were instructed to write brief restatements of the important ideas of paragraphs as they read. Following training, all students read and completed comprehension measures for narrative passages under conditions which constituted (a) a test of training, (b) a near transfer test, and (c) a remote transfer test. In all instances the strategy-trained students exhibited better comprehension than did the control students.
JTT-130, a Novel Intestine-Specific Inhibitor of Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein, Reduces Food Preference for Fat (2014)

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is involved in the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. JTT-130 is a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, which has been shown to be useful in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. JTT-130 has also been shown to suppress food intake in a dietary fat-dependent manner in rats. However, whether JTT-130 enables changes in food preference and nutrient consumption remains to be determined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of JTT-130 on food preference in rat under free access to two different diets containing 3.3% fat (low-fat diet, LF diet) and 35% fat (high-fat diet, HF diet). JTT-130 decreased HF diet intake and increased LF diet intake, resulting in a change in ratio of caloric intake from LF and HF diets to total caloric intake. In addition, macronutrient analysis revealed that JTT-130 did not affect carbohydrate consumption but significantly decreased fat consumption (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that JTT-130 not only inhibits fat absorption, but also suppresses food intake and specifically reduces food preference for fat. Therefore, JTT-130 is expected to provide a new option for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Optical loss study of MPEOU-based polyceram planar waveguides (1995)

Sol-gel-derived polyceram materials based on organically modified silicon and titanium alkoxides have been synthesized in planar waveguide forms. They exhibit optical losses as low as <0.25 dB/cm and refractive indices as high as 1.685, coupled with exceptional ease of processing. The optical properties of the films (index of refraction, loss, and dispersion) are studied as functions of processing and composition, and the influence of chemistry on volume homogeneities and surface roughness of the films is investigated.
Interference of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Expression in a Mouse Melanoma Inhibits Tumor Establishment by Up-Regulating Thrombospondin-1 (2007)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with proinflammatory, proangiogenic, and protumorigenic properties. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of MIF in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis are not well understood. To address these roles, an interfering MIF (iMIF) RNA was stably introduced into the B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell line, reducing MIF mRNA expression 1.6-fold and MIF protein expression 2.8-fold relative to control cells. When iMIF cells were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice, tumor establishment was significantly delayed and there was a marked absence of intratumoral vasculature in iMIF tumors relative to controls. A comparative gene expression analysis of iMIF and control melanoma cell lines revealed that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) mRNA expression was up-regulated 88-fold in the iMIF cells by real-time PCR. A 2-fold increase in TSP-1 protein levels was observed in iMIF cell culture supernatants. These results strongly suggest that the delayed tumor establishment and reduced vasculature in iMIF melanomas are linked to the up-regulation of the antiangiogenic TSP-1. They further define a novel function of MIF as a regulator of TSP-1 in a mouse melanoma model.
Business for Technologists (1959)

The technologist with aspirations to high-level management and administration is going to need more than cost-consciousness to back up his specialist studies. In the author's view, the best place for him to gain the financial understanding he will need is the CAT. Further articles considering management studies from a quite different viewpoint will discuss what should be taught and how it can be taught.
In Vitro Activity of Thienamycin (1978)

The in vitro activity of thienamycin was tested against 135 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The compound was highly active against resistant gram-negative bacilli and penicillin-resistant Straphylococcus aureus. The antianaerobic spectrum of the drug seemed to be comparable to that of metronidazole.
A New Grain Hardness Tester (1959)

A hardness tester, especially adapted for grain, was constructed by modifying a commercial portable soft metal tester known as the Barcol Impressor. A preloaded stylus is forced into grain sections prepared by means of a microtome. The displacement of the stylus, measured by a dial micrometer, is used as a hardness index. This has been related to the Vickers diamond pyramid hardness which is a standard metallurgical test. A number of hardness measurements may be made on a single transverse kernel section. The tester may be used for all wheat varieties. Significant variations in hardness within a single wheat kernel section have been demonstrated. While the hardness of a block of lead varied over ±½ hardness lumber, a kernel section of hard winter (Ponca) wheat exhibited hardness numbers ranging from 25 to 40, on the arbitrary scale of this tester.
Linear optics implementation of symmetric matchgates (2009)

An essential requirement for any quantum computing architecture is the existence of a universal set of quantum gates. Examples of such sets are the 2-qubit CNOT gate in combination with arbitrary 1-qubit gates, and the 3-qubit Toffoli gate together with the 1-qubit Hadamard. A third set, which has not been implemented so far, is Valiant's 2-qubit matchgate G(A,B) which is universal with the SWAP operation. This paper presents how symmetric Valiant gates are decomposed which are sufficient for universal quantum computation, using another universal class of gates - a controlled-Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">thetas</sub> gate and single qubit unitaries. Various symmetric matchgates (G(H,H), G(X,X) and G(T,T)) in a two-photon experiment to build quantum logic gates using higher-dimensional Hilbert spaces are implemented. The gate operations are characterized via quantum process tomography.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Spin-Capable Carbon Nanotube Sheet/MnO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Composites for High-Performance Energy Storage Devices (2011)

Inspired by the high specific capacitances found using ultrathin films or nanoparticles of manganese oxides (MnO(x)), we have electrodeposited MnO(x) nanoparticles onto sheets of carbon nanotubes (CNT sheets). The resulting composites have high specific capacitances (C(sp) ≤ 1250 F/g), high charge/discharge rate capabilities, and excellent cyclic stability. Both the C(sp) and rate capabilities are controlled by the average size of the MnO(x) nanoparticles on the CNTs. They are independent of the number of layers of CNT sheets used to form an electrode. The high-performance composites result from a synergistic combination of large surface area and good electron-transport capabilities of the MnO(x) nanoparticles with the good conductivity of the CNT sheets. Such composites can be used as electrodes for lithium batteries and supercapacitors.
Convolution and parametric interaction with semiconductors (1973)

A simple theory of the coupled semiconductor-piezoelectric convolver is given and compared to a full theory by Otto. The approximations used are valid over the interesting experimental range. For YZ–LiNbO3 and silicon, the range of validity of our theory corresponds to σ &gt; 0.5 mho/m and f &lt; 500 MHz.
Ligand-Mediated Modulation of Layer Thicknesses of Perovskite Methylammonium Lead Bromide Nanoplatelets (2016)

Organic metal halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as among the leading candidates for the next generation of photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. The band gap, exciton binding energy, and absorption cross-section of these materials are tunable to some extent by compositional variation. Dimensional confinement represents an attractive alternative to compositional variation for tuning these properties via quantum confinement close to the Böhr radius. While the stabilization of few-layered nanoplatelets of methylammonium lead bromide has recently been demonstrated, mechanistic understanding of synthetic parameters resulting in dimensional confinement remains to be developed. Here we show that the layer thickness can be precisely modulated as a function of the chain length and concentration of the added alkylammonium cations. Surface capping ligands bind preferentially to sheets of corner sharing PbBr6 octahedra and thereby buffer the extent of supersaturation of monomeric units enabling precise modulation of the layer-by-layer growth of 2D nanoplatelets. Crystal growth can be confined to yield nanoplatelets with tunable unit cell thickness spanning between one and six layers, which allows for precise tuning of the emissive properties of 2D perovskite nanoplatelets in the range of 430–520 nm depending on the layer thickness. The results suggest a generalizable strategy for tuning the layer thickness of these materials as a function of the alkyl chain length of the ligands.