gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Characterization of a Bicomponent Melt‐Spun Fiber Optimized for Artificial Turf Applications (2012)

Abstract Artificial turf is robust, playable in all weathers and has a long service life. Polyamide (PA) flooring has excellent resilience but provokes abrasion injuries (friction burn); polyethylene (PE) monofilaments are skin‐friendly but tend to permanent deformation. To maximize resilience while minimizing the risk of skin abrasion, PA‐PE bicomponent fibers are developed. Numeric simulation is applied to find optimized fiber cross‐sections and material combinations, accompanied by melt‐spinning of respective filaments and validation of the model. The resulting artificial grass resembles natural turf with respect to playability and appearance and does not need any granular infill. magnified image
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tantalum Carbide from TaCl5-C3H6-Ar-H2 System (2016)

Tantalum carbide, which is one of the ultra-high temperature ceramics, was deposited on graphite by low pressure chemical vapor deposition from a TaCl 5 -C 3 H 6 -Ar-H 2 mixture. To maintain a constant TaCl 5 /C 3 H 6 ratio during the deposition process, TaCl 5 powders were continuously fed into the sublimation chamber using a screw-driven feeder. Sublimation behavior of TaCl 5 powder was measured by thermogravimetric analysis. TaC coatings have various phases such as Ta+-Ta 2 C, -Ta 2 C+TaC 1-x , and TaC 1-x depending on the powder feeding methods, the C 3 H 6 /TaCl 5 ratio, and the deposition temperatures. Near-stoichiometric TaC was obtained by optimizing the deposition parameters. Phase compositions were analyzed by XRD, XPS, and Raman analysis.
AttrActive windows (2003)

In this paper we describe AttrActive Windows, a novel interface for presenting live, interactive, multimedia content on a network of public, digital, bulletin boards. Implementing a paper flyer metaphor, AttrActive Windows are paper-like in appearance and are attached to a virtual corkboard by virtual pushpins. Windows can therefore appear in different orientations, creating an attractive, informal look. Attractive Windows can also have autonomous behaviors that are consistent with the corkboard metaphor, like fluttering in the wind. We describe the AttrActive Windows prototype, and offer the results of an initial evaluative user study.
Ringbom Stirling Engines (1993)

1: The Stirling Engine and Its Development. 2: The Ringbom Engine Concept. 3: A Mathematical Model for Ringbom Engine Dynamics. 4: Basic Operational Characteristics of Ringbom Engines. 5: General Design Considerations. 6: Analytic Design of Ringbom Engines. 7: Displacer Spring Effects in Ringbom Engines. 8: Low Temperature Differential Ringbom Engines. 9: Single Cylinder Ringbom Engines. 10: Topics for Further Exploration
The H2 Sensor of Ralstonia eutropha (2001)

Previous genetic studies have revealed a multicomponent signal transduction chain, consisting of an H 2 sensor, a histidine protein kinase, and a response regulator, which controls hydrogenase gene transcription in the proteobacterium Ralstonia eutropha. In this study, we isolated the H 2 sensor and demonstrated that the purified protein forms a complex with the histidine protein kinase. Biochemical and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the H 2 sensor is a cytoplasmic [NiFe]-hydrogenase with unique features. The H 2 -oxidizing activity was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of standard hydrogenases and insensitive to oxygen, carbon monoxide, and acetylene. Interestingly, only H 2 production but no HD formation was detected in the D 2 /H exchange assay. Fourier transform infrared data showed an active site similar to that of standard [NiFe]-hydrogenases. It is suggested that the protein environment accounts for a restricted gas diffusion and for the typical kinetic parameters of the H 2 sensor. EPR analysis demonstrated that the [4Fe-4S] clusters within the small subunit were not reduced under hydrogen even in the presence of dithionite. Optical spectra revealed the presence of a novel, redox-active, n 2 chromophore that is reduced by H 2 . The possible involvement of this chromophore in signal transduction is discussed.
Addressing the challenges of pancreatic cancer: Future directions for improving outcomes (2014)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for more than 90% of all pancreatic tumours, is a devastating malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis, as shown by a 1-year survival rate of around 18% for all stages of the disease. The low survival rates associated with PDAC primarily reflect the fact that tumours progress rapidly with few specific symptoms and are thus at an advanced stage at diagnosis in most patients. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop accurate markers of pre-invasive pancreatic neoplasms in order to facilitate prediction of cancer risk and to help diagnose the disease at an earlier stage. However, screening for early diagnosis of prostate cancer remains challenging and identifying a highly accurate, low-cost screening test for early PDAC for use in clinical practice remains an important unmet need. More effective therapies are also crucial in PDAC, since progress in identifying novel therapies has been hampered by the genetic complexity of the disease and treatment remains a major challenge. Presently, the greatest step towards improved treatment efficacy has been made in the field of palliative chemotherapy by introducing FOLFIRINOX (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel. Strategies designed to raise the profile of PDAC in research and clinical practice are a further requirement in order to ensure the best treatment for patients. This article proposes a number of approaches that may help to accelerate progress in treating patients with PDAC, which, in turn, may be expected to improve the quality of life and survival for those suffering from this devastating disease.
Die nichtparasitären zwischenartlichen Vergesellschaftungen (1988)

Engere Beziehungen zwischen artverschiedenen Organismen — man hat sie auch heterotypische Vergesellschaftungen oder Bisysteme genannt — gibt es im Tierreich in großer Zahl und sogar zwischen Tier und Pflanze. Parasitismus und Symbiose sind die bekanntesten Erscheinungen. Zwischen dem parasitären Gegeneinander und dem symbiontischen Miteinander steht jedoch die Fülle jener Vergesellschaftungen, die für einen der Beteiligten von Vorteil sind, dem anderen jedoch weder Schaden noch Nutzen bringen, die sogenannten Karposen.
Radio frequency interference effects of continuous wave signals on telemetry data, part 2 (1979)

The results of radio frequency interference tests and the derived telemetry bit SNR degradation model, which includes the telemetry data rate and the telemetry data power as independent variables for characterizing the continuous wave interference effects on telemetry data, are presented. The telemetry bit SNR degradation model was implemented in the second version of the Deep Space Interference Prediction software.
Striated muscle microvascular response to silver implants: A comparative in vivo study with titanium and stainless steel (2000)

Local microvascular perfusion is the primary line of defense of tissue against microorganisms and plays a considerable role in reparative processes. The impairment of the microcirculation by a biomaterial may therefore have profound consequences. Silver is known to have excellent antimicrobial activity and, although regional and systemic toxic effects have been described, silver is regularly discussed as an implant material in bone surgery. Because little is known about the influence of silver implants on the adjacent host tissue microvasculature, we studied in vivo nutritive perfusion and leukocytic response, and compared these results with those of the conventionally used materials titanium and stainless steel. Using the hamster dorsal skinfold chamber preparation and intravital microscopy, the implantation of a commercially pure silver sample led to a distinct and persistent activation of leukocytes combined with a marked disruption of the microvascular endothelial integrity, massive leukocyte extravasation, and considerable venular dilation. Whereas animals with stainless-steel implants showed a moderate increase in these parameters with a tendency to recuperate, titanium implants caused only a transient increase of leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction within the first 120 min and no significant change in macromolecular leakage, leukocyte extravasation and venular diameter. After 3 days, five of six preparations with silver samples showed severe inflammation and massive edema. Thus, the use of silver as an implant material should be critically judged despite its bactericidal properties. The implant material titanium seems to be well tolerated by the local vascular system and currently represents the golden standard.© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 49, 192–199, 2000.
Ultrasonic Rise and Adiabatic Temperature Evaluation (URATE) of Polyurethane Foams (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Polyurethane chemists have been challenged for many years to develop a laboratory scale test to measure the reactivity of polyurethane foam systems. The task is complicated by the need for the test to satisfy the requirements of both the researcher and polyurethane foamer. Numerous tests have been developed to address this task. However, the cup foam test continues to be the industry standard for quick and easy measurement of the overall reactivity of polyurethane foam systems. The characteristics of a small scale laboratory test which measures the rise profile and adiabatic temperature profile of flexible, semi-flexible (semi-rigid) and rigid polyurethane foam systems will be presented.</div>
Structural Factors That Enhance Lithium Mobility in Fast-Ion Li<sub>1+<i>x</i></sub>Ti<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.4) Conductors Investigated by Neutron Diffraction in the Temperature Range 100–500 K (2013)

Structural features responsible for lithium conductivity in Li(1+x)Ti(2-x)Al(x)(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.2, and 0.4) samples have been investigated by Rietveld analysis of high-resolution neutron diffraction (ND) patterns. From structural analysis, variation of the Li site occupancies and atomic thermal factors have been deduced as a function of aluminum doping in the temperature range 100-500 K. Fourier map differences deduced from ND patterns revealed that Li ions occupy M1 sites and, to a lower extent, M3 sites, disposed around ternary axes. The occupation of M1 sites by Li ions is responsible for the preferential expansion of the rhombohedral R3c unit cell along the c axis with temperature. The occupation of less symmetric M3 sites decreases electrostatic repulsions among Li cations, favoring ion conductivity in Li(1+x)Ti(2-x)Al(x)(PO4)3 compounds. The variations detected on long-range lithium motions have been related to variations of the oxygen thermal factors with temperature. The information deduced by ND explains two lithium motion regimes deduced previously by (7)Li NMR and impedance spectroscopy.
FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE SPLICED BOLTED JOINTS IN PREFABRICATED STEEL BRIDGE DECKS (1991)

プレハブ鋼床版のデッキプレートの現場継手部への適用を想定して, 単せん断型高力ボルト摩擦継手の疲労強度を実験的に検討した. 疲労試験は1枚の添接板を有する継手型試験体と, デッキプレートと縦リブから構成される梁試験体について実施した. 疲労亀裂が発生する接触面における局部応力を評価する目的で, 継手の形式により決まる構造拘束係数を導入し, 局部応力を基準とした疲労強度の評価法を提案した.
Variations in Intraocular Pressure During Closed-System Surgical Procedures (1986)

True intraocular pressure (IOP) during closed-chamber anterior segment surgery and vitrectomy was measured in rabbits by inserting a miniature pressure sensor directly into the anterior chamber or into the vitreous. Infusion fluid pressure was also measured simultaneously with a sensor in the infusion line. Significant and rapid changes in IOP up to 110 mm Hg were observed during routine anterior segment and vitreous procedures. None of these IOP changes affected infusion line pressure, which was governed solely by the infusion bottle height. Furthermore, raising the infusion bottle produced minimal IOP elevation whenever fluid was flowing into and out of the eye via a surgical instrument or a wound. These results show the limitations of monitoring of infusion line pressure as a means for assessing IOP and stress the need for IOP control during surgery.
RELAXIN IN HUMAN DECIDUA (1980)

Relaxin (RLX) has been purified from the ovary of the pregnant pig and rat but not from human tissues. Our study shows that tissue extracts and incubation media of in vitro culture of human decidua contain a substance with relaxin bioactivities: the inhibi ti on of spontaneous uterine contractions and the elongation of the interpubic ligament. After chromatography on Sephadex G-50 the bioactivity was retained in a protein fraction of approximately 6000 daltons mol wt. The yield of RLX from decidua was 15–33.5 GPU/g fresh tissue. This opens the possibility of the isolation and purification of RLX in the human species.
A new total-dose-induced parasitic effect in enclosed-geometry transistors (2005)

We present data showing a new total-dose-induced parasitic effect in enclosed-geometry transistors. A model for this new effect shows that the normal radiation-induced edge leakage current becomes gate controlled in ringed-source transistors. Small width-to-length (W/L) N-channel field-effect transistors (NFETs), often used in analog designs, show an additional drain current and transconductance, because the gate-controlled leakage current approaches the magnitude of the ideal channel current.
Physical model analysis of foam–TCE displacement in porous media (2003)

Abstract A glass micromodel was experimented to study the coupled effects of the apparent viscosity and mobility of surfactant foam (SF) on the displacement of residual trichloroethylene (TCE) during SF flooding. The SF floods operated under moderate interfacial tension (4.9 dyne/cm) of surfactant solution with TCE and pressure gradient (20–200 kPa) conditions showed relatively different foam behaviors to the higher pressure gradient conditions. The apparent viscosity of SF seems to be less affected by changes in surfactant concentration and affected more by the gas fraction in SF or the bubble size of SF. As the total SF flow rate and the gas injection velocity increased, the apparent SF viscosity decreased and the SF mobility increased. The latter characteristic led to an increase in the TCE displacement efficiency although SF under low‐pressure gradients resulted in flow channeling. The experiment results imply that the SF flood for environment application would be affected by operating conditions and distribution of residual contaminants.
Normal modes for electromagnetically induced transparency (1994)

We define paired variables which are the normal modes for electromagnetically induced transparency and use these modes to study the propagation of matched pulses in an absorbing medium.Received 19 July 1993DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.52©1994 American Physical Society
Novel Dialkyl Aluminum Bis(iminophosphorano) Methanide and Methanediide Complexes (1999)

Reaction of bis{trimethylsilyliminodi(phenyl)phosphorano}methane, H2C(Ph2PNSiMe3)2 (1) with 1 equiv of trimethylaluminum in toluene gave a four-coordinated alkyl aluminum complex of the formula [AlMe2{HC(Ph2PNSiMe3)2-κ2N,N'}] (2) via the elimination of methane. The crystal structure confirms the monomeric nature of the complex and the bidentate coordination of the bisiminophosphoranomethanide ligand to aluminum. Reaction of 1 with 2 equiv of trimethylaluminum yielded the novel bimetallic complex [(AlMe2)2{μ2-C(Ph2PNSiMe3)2-κ4C,C',N,N'}] (3), in which the methylene backbone carbon has been doubly deprotonated.
Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by acetyl and trifluoroacetyl oligopeptide chloromethyl ketones. (1979)

The action of human leukocyte elastase on a series of acetyl and trifluoroacetyl tri-, tetra-, and pentapeptide chloromethyl ketones has been investigated. Leukocyte and pancreatic elastases react quite differently with these irreversible inhibitors. For instance, leukocyte elastase has a much lower affinity for the compounds than pancreatic elastase. On the other hand, the inhibition rate constants of the two enzymes are not influenced in the same way by peptide chain elongation. The two elastases, however, share a common property: trifluoroacetyl tri- and tetraalanine chloromethyl ketones are more tightly bound but are less reactive than the corresponding acetylated inhibitors. This behavior is probably due to the formation of nonproductive complexes between the enzymes and the trifluoroacetylated inhibitors.
Fractionated Therapy of HER2-Expressing Breast and Ovarian Cancer Xenografts in Mice with Targeted Alpha Emitting 227Th-DOTA-p-benzyl-trastuzumab (2012)

The same concentration of radioactivity split into several fractions may improve toxicity of (227)Th-radioimmunotherapy while the therapeutic effect is maintained. Thus, it might be possible to increase the cumulative absorbed radiation dose to tumor with acceptable toxicity by fractionation of the dosage.
Characterization of cry2-type genes of Bacillus thuringiensis strains from soil-isolated of Sichuan basin, China (2011)

Sichuan basin, situated in the west of China, is the fourth biggest basin in China. In order to describe a systematic study of the cry2-type genes resources from Bacillus thuringiensis strains of Sichuan basin, a total of 791 Bacillus thuringiensis strains have been screened from 2650 soil samples in different ecological regions. The method of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to identify the type of cry2 genes. The results showed that 322 Bacillus thuringiensis strains harbored cry2-type genes and four different RFLP patterns were found. The combination of cry2Aa/cry2Ab genes was the most frequent (90.4%), followed by cry2Aa (6.8%) and cry2Ab alone (2.5%), and only one novel type of cry2 gene was cloned from one isolate (JF19-2). The full-length of this novel gene was obtained by the method of thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (Tail-PCR), which was designated as cry2Ag1 (GenBank No. ACH91610) by the Bt Pesticide Crystal Protein Nomenclature Committee. In addition, the result of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation showed that these strains had erose, spherical, bipyramidal, and square crystal. And the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that these strains harbored about one to three major proteins. These strains exhibited a wide range of insecticidal spectrum toxic to Aedes aegypti (Diptera) and Pieris rapae Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera). Particularly, JF19-2 contained cry2Ag gene had the highest insecticidal activity. All these researches mentioned above revealed the diversity and particularity of cry2-type gene resources from Bacillus thuringiensis strains in Sichuan basin.
Interconnect Fabrication by Superconformal Iodine-Catalyzed Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper (2003)

The mechanism behind superconformal filling of fine features during surfactant catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is described and the metrology required to predict it is identified and quantified. The impact of adsorbed iodine coverage on copper deposition rate during chemical vapor deposition of copper on planar substrates is determined first. These kinetic parameters are then used in a model based on the curvature-enhanced accelerator coverage mechanism to predict superconformal filling during iodine-catalyzed CVD. In this model, the coverage of the adsorbed catalyst is presumed to change with surface area during interface evolution. The surface area decreases along the bottoms of submicrometer dimension features, increasing the local coverage and deposition rates and thereby enabling superconformal filling. Experimental filling results are then described and shown to be consistent with the predictions. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Direct and sensitized geometrical photoisomerization of 1-methylcyclooctene (1993)

Effects of methylation at C(1) of cyclooctene on the ground-state structure, potential energy surfaces, and photochemical behaviour in the singlet and triplet manifolds have been investigated. Molecular mechanics calculations using the MM2 force field reveal that, as compared with the parent (E)-cyclooctene, methylation increases the strain of the (E)-isomer by 8.9 kJ mol–1, which is however released in part through the minimized steric repulsion between one of the ring methylenes and the introduced methyl by increasing the dihedral angle C(Me)–C(1)C(2)–C(3).Direct excitation at 214 nm of 1-methylcyclooctene does not lead to the Rydberg state-derived rearrangement products, but results in efficient geometrical isomerization, affording a photostationary Z–E mixture upon prolonged irradiation. From the photostationary state E/Z ratio observed [(E/Z)pss= 0.30] and the excitation ratio (Îµz/ÎµE= 0.305) calculated from the extinction coefficients (Îµ) at 214 nm of both isomers, we obtain the decay ratio (KdE/Kdz)of 0.98 for the singlet-excited 1-methylcyclooctene (1P). This ratio, being close to that of cyclooctene (kdE/kdz= 0.88), means equal-probability decay from 1P to highly strained (E)-isomer and less-strained (Z)-isomer. Somewhat unexpectedly, triplet sensitization with aromatic hydrocarbons gave only slightly higher (E/Z)pssvalues of 0.03–0.26 than the corresponding values for cyclooctene, indicating that the crossing profiles of the triplet and ground-state surfaces of 1-methylcyclooctene resemble each other, in spite of the increased strain in the (E)-isomer. By contrast, the singlet sensitization was shown to be very sensitive to the steric hindrance of the sensitizer. As compared with the cyclooctene case, the less congested benzoate gives almost the same (E/Z)pss ratio, whereas the use of more congested benzenepolycarboxylates results in much decreased ratios. This drastic difference between triplet and singlet sensitizations may be rationalized in terms of the intervention of an exciplex in the singlet sensitization, which provides stronger and longer mutual interaction between sensitizer and substrate. The singlet-sensitized photoisomerization has been used as a convenient one-step route to the highly constrained (E)-1 -methylcyclooctene.
Analysis of a Multiple Receiver Correlation System (1957)

A theoretical study is made of an acoustic receiving system which contains a single correlator whose inputs are obtained from arrays of omni-directional receivers. Mathematical expressions are developed for the mean system output when the input arises from a distant localized signal source. In addition, two major advantages of multiple receiver correlation as compared to two receiver correlation are discussed in detail. These are improved directional patterns on narrow band signals and increased output signal-noise ratio resulting from the use of more than two receivers.
Radial profiling of three formation shear moduli (2005)

Near‐wellbore alteration in shear stiffnesses in the three orthogonal planes can be described in terms of radial variations of the three shear moduli or slownesses. The three shear moduli are affected by several factors, such as overbalanced drilling, borehole stress concentrations, shale swelling, near‐wellbore mechanical damage, and super‐charging of permeable formations. The two vertical shear moduli and in an anisotropic formation with the vertical are obtained from the cross‐dipole sonic data, whereas the horizontal shear modulus is estimated from the borehole Stoneley data. Analyses of radial variations of the three shear moduli in a reasonably uniform lithology interval yield useful correlations with mobility impairment caused by either increased amount of clay or near‐wellbore damage in a shaly sand reservoir interval in a vertical North Sea well.