gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acceptor, donor, and captodative stabilization in transition states of 5-hexen-1-yl radical cyclizations (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcceptor, donor, and captodative stabilization in transition states of 5-hexen-1-yl radical cyclizationsSeung Un. Park, Sung Kee. Chung, and Martin. NewcombCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2, 240–244Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00262a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00262a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1194Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structurally Ordered FePt Nanoparticles and Their Enhanced Catalysis for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2010)

We report the structure-controlled synthesis of FePt/MgO NPs and their catalysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M H(2)SO(4) solution. The synthesis yields fcc-FePt/MgO and fct-FePt/MgO NPs with the MgO coating being readily removed for catalytic studies. The fct-FePt NPs show higher activity and durability than the fcc-FePt in the ORR condition. The results indicate that the fully ordered fct-FePt could serve as a practical Pt-based catalyst for fuel cell applications.
Evaluation of Hand Lay-Up and Resin Transfer Molding in Composite Wind Turbine Blade Manufacturing (2000)

The majority of the wind turbine blade industry currently uses low cost hand lay-up manufacturing techniques to process composite blades. While there are benefits to the hand lay-up process, drawbacks inherent to this process along with advantages of other techniques suggest that better manufacturing alternatives may be available. Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) was identified as a processing alternative and shows promise in addressing the shortcomings of hand lay-up. This report details a comparison of the RTM process to hand lay-up of composite wind turbine blade structures. Several lay-up schedules and critical turbine blade structures were chosen for comparison of their properties resulting from RTM and hand lay-up processing. The geometries investigated were flat plate, thin and thick flanged T-stiffener, I-beam, and root connection joint. It was found that the manufacturing process played an important role in laminate thickness, fiber volume, and weight for the geometries investigated. RTM was found to reduce thickness and weight and increase fiber volumes for all substructures. RTM resulted in tighter material transition radii and eliminated the need for most secondary bonding operations. These results would significantly reduce the weight of wind turbine blades. Hand lay-up was consistently slower in fabrication times for the structures investigated. A comparison of mechanical properties showed no significant differences after employing fiber volume normalization techniques to account for geometry differences resulting from varying fiber volumes. The current root specimen design does not show significant mechanical property differences according to process and exceeds all static and fatigue requirements.
Where does the gene for hemochromatosis lie in relation to HLA-A? (1994)

Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HFE) is one of the most common inherited disorders with an estimated frequency of homozygous patients of 0.002-0.0045. The disease is characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption and progressive iron overload. Affected subjects show clinical symptoms of parenchymal organ damage after the third-fourth decade of life and have a 200-fold increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent complications and may normalize life expectancy of patients. The biochemical and genetic defects leading to progressive iron accumulation are still unknown, but the HFE gene is tightly linked to HLA complex on the short arm of chromosome 6. Utilizing HLA serotypes and the study of several polymorphic markers of 6p21, a linkage analysis of the disease locus was performed in a series of Italian hemochromatosis families. The data obtained by linkage analysis and the study of a family with a double recombinant allowed us to better define the HFE gene location with respect to HLA-class I A and F loci.
Cloning, partial sequencing, and expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene in chick embryonic heart muscle cells. (1982)

Two recombinant plasmids containing structural gene sequences of chick embryonic heart glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP dehydrogenase) were constructed and characterized. The plasmids pGAP 30 and pGAP 36 have inserts of 1200 and 950 base pairs, respectively. The identity of the clones was established by hybrid-arrested and hybrid-selection translation assays, and by immunoprecipitation of hybrid-selected translation product with GaP dehydrogenase antiserum. Hybridization of labeled pGAP 30 DNA to size-fractionated chick heart poly(A) RNA occurred at the region on the gel corresponding to the mobility of GAP dehydrogenase mRNA. Base sequence analysis of plasmid pGAP 30 and the comparison of the amino acid sequence derived from it with that of pig muscle GAP dehydrogenase revealed that the amino acid sequence of GAP dehydrogenase is strictly conserved between the chick and pig muscle tissues. Expression of GAP dehydrogenase mRNA in developing chick heart cells in cultures was monitored by in situ hybridization. The GAP dehydrogenase mRNA was present in 5-h-old dividing myoblasts, in contrast to mRNAs specific for contractile proteins, which appear late in myoblast development paralleling morphogenetic differentiation of myoblasts into myocytes (Jakowlew, S. B., Khandekar, P., Datta, K., Narula, S. K., Arnold, H. H., and Siddiqui, M. A. Q. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 156, 673-682).
A reconfigurable Byzantine quorum approach for the Agile Store (2004)

Quorum-based protocols can be used to manage data when it is replicated at multiple server nodes to improve availability and performance. If some server nodes can be compromised by a malicious adversary, Byzantine quorums must be used to ensure correct access to replicated data. This paper introduces reconfigurable Byzantine quorums, which allow various quorum protocol parameters to be adapted based on the behavior of compromised nodes and the performance needs of the system. We present a protocol that generalizes dynamic Byzantine quorums by allowing the system size to change as faulty servers are removed from the system, in addition to adapting the fault threshold. A new architecture and algorithm that provide the capability to detect and remove faulty servers are also described. Finally, simulation results are presented that demonstrate the benefits offered by our approach.
VoiceLink : a speech interface fore responsive media (2002)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2002.
Effect of power losses on self-focusing of high-intensity laser beam in gases (2013)

A theoretical study of power loss from periphery of an ultrashort pulse laser beam and temporally resolved defocussing produced by laser induced plasma are performed using paraxial approximation. Our analysis incorporate consideration of spatial distribution of the laser beam irradiance and the results show that substantial power losses (10%-80%) occur from the beam periphery limiting length of a filament. It was also shown that generally accepted concept of self-focusing critical power is inconsistent with consideration of self-induced refraction of spatially distributed laser beam. A new criterion for self-focusing and hypothesis for multiple filamentation are proposed.
Optimization of AC Shoulder Design and Construction for PCC Pavements (2003)

The performance of asphalt concrete (AC) shoulders adjacent to Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements has been extremely variable throughout South Dakota, with relatively good performance on some projects and severe shoulder subsidence and shoulder joint seal failure occurring on others. The factors behind poor shoulder performance may be directly related to shoulder design and construction, combined with regional climatic and topographical features. The research performed in this study sought to better define the causes of shoulder subsidence and joint seal failure, and to develop and implement a field study that tests the effectiveness of various design strategies and construction practices in reducing or minimizing settlement and seal failure. In the study, a total of 29 in-service shoulder structures located in the eastern half of the state were surveyed for condition and tested for load response characteristics using non-destructive deflection testing (NDT) techniques. The observations and resulting data were then used to formulate a set of shoulder design/construction strategies that could be tested as part of an actual paving project. Subsequently, a total of 11 different shoulder strategies were included in a mainline PCC paving project located on SD 37, north of Parkston. The construction of the test shoulders in fall 2001 were carefully monitored, and condition surveys and NDT testing of the shoulder sections were conducted at periods of 7 and 12 months following construction. This report discusses the results of the entire research effort and the recommendations made to the South Dakota DOT concerning their AC shoulder design and construction practices.
Association between diabetes mellitus and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of the literature. (2011)

This meta-analysis indicated that diabetes can be considered as a risk factor for breast cancer. In addition, menstruation status as well as geographical distribution can affect the relationship.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of π‐Conjugated Polymers Composed of Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and Thiophenes Bearing Electron‐Deficient Ethenyl Groups in the Side Chains (2010)

Abstract π‐Conjugated polymers composed of dialkoxybenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and thiophenes bearing cyano‐alkoxycarbonylethenyl [CHC(CO 2 R)CN] and bis(alkoxycarbonyl)ethenyl groups [CHC(CO 2 R) 2 ] were prepared. The optical properties of the obtained polymers were investigated by UV‐vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy to demonstrate that the absorption maxima of the polymers were tunable by varying the substituent of thiophene unit. The photoluminescence wavelengths and intensities of the polymer in solution were significantly dependent on the polymer side chain. The HOMO energy level of the polymer was lowered by up to −5.51 eV by introducing electron‐deficient cyano groups. Polymer solar cells based on the new polymers were fabricated to achieve a PCE of 1.90%. magnified image
Surface‐Acoustic‐Wave‐Enhanced Alignment of Thiolated Carbon Nanotubes on Gold Electrodes (2005)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes were chemically treated to attach thiol groups at defects sites. The selective bonding of thiolated tubes has been verified using 10-nm-sized Au particles. Using a surface acoustic wave (SAW), the thiolated carbon nanotubes are aligned on prepatterned Au structures on piezoelectric substrates (see Figure). Due to the good adhesion of the thiolated tubes to Au, an alignment with an averaged deviation of 0° to 20° with respect to the propagation direction of the SAW has been shown.
Development and application of a nozzle-beam-type microwave radical source (1995)

Characteristics and application of a nozzle-beam-type microwave radical source are described. This source generates microwave plasma in a space between a nozzle and a skimmer for exciting a processing gas. Long-lived metastable nitrogen molecules effective for film growth processes are observed clearly in this source. p-type doping of ZnSe films was achieved by employing this source with N2 plasma which was installed in a molecular-beam epitaxy system. A net acceptor concentration of 5.4×1017 cm−3 was obtained by C–V measurements with lower microwave power of 50 W and lower gas flow of 0.06 sccm compared to conventional rf plasma sources.
Low-Power, High-Data Rate 915 MHz Transceiver with Fully Passive Wake-Up Receiver for Biomedical Implants (2015)

A 915 MHz transceiver has been developed for implantable medical devices. The transceiver offers exceptionally low power consumption while providing a high data rate using injection-locked oscillator. The transceiver utilizes Frequency- Shift-Keying (FSK) modulation at a data rate of 8 Mbit/s to provide wireless link between target implantable device and a central base-station unit operating in the North American Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band. The circuit features a fully passive wake-up receiver (WuRx) enabling energy harvesting from Radio Frequency (RF) input. The amplitude of the FSK RF signal is controlled low for short distance transmission to further reduce the energy consumption. The transceiver, implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS process, is built on new FSK modulation scheme and based on frequency to amplitude conversion. The WuRx achieves a sensitivity of -53 dBm while the main receiver shows -78 dBm sensitivity. Thanks to the simplified hardware, the receiver dissipates only 640 μW while the transmitter consumes 1.4 mW from 1.2 V supply voltage.
Design and implementation of a planar 4×4 butler matrix in SIW technology for wideband applications (2010)

A broadband four-way Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Butler matrix was designed in Ku-band. In this structure, an SIW hybrid 3-dB coupler and crossover are designed as fundamental building blocks. Performances of the wideband components performances are presented and discussed. The matrix is fabricated and measured, excellent amplitude and phase characteristics are obtained over 3 GHz frequency band centered at 12.5 GHz which makes it very attractive for wideband multibeam antenna applications.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and glucocorticoid regulation of alkaline phosphatase in isolated rat osteoblast-rich cells. (1988)

骨芽細胞 (OB) のアルカリホスファターゼ (ALP) 発現に対する活性型ビタミンD3 (1, 25 (OH) 2D3) およびグルココルチコイドの調節機構について検討した。ラット新生児の頭蓋冠のコラゲナーゼ処理により得たOB-rich細胞の培養条件下にデキサメサゾンを添加し, 更に, 一部細胞を継代し1, 25 (OH) 2D3で処理した。その後, フローサイトメーター (FCS-10; 日本分光工業社製) にて細胞中のALP活性陽性細胞集団を分取し, 比活性の測定を行った。その結果, デキサメサゾン前処理による実験群では, コントロールと比較し1, 25 (OH) 2D3によりALP比活性は亢進し, 増殖が抑制される傾向を示した。また, アクリジンオレンジを用いた細胞周期解析によって, グルココルチコイドおよび1, 25 (OH) 2D3によりG1A細胞集団の割合の増加が認められた。即ち, グルココルチコイド処理によりOB中の1, 25 (OH) 2D3リセプター数が増加したため, 1, 25 (OH) 2D3により, 特定の細胞周期において, OBの分化した形質発現であるALPを誘導する可能性が示された。
Keeping the pressure high on prevention (1993)

In early 1990, doctors, nurses and health care professionals at St George's Hospital were concerned about the number of patients with pressure sores, but were frustrated by their inability to respond appropriately when problems were identified. A one-day audit at the hospital in March 1990 suggested that 16.8 per cent of patients had a pressure sore and 51 per cent were at risk, as identified by the Waterlow risk assessment tool ( 8 ). Preventive aids and equipment were scarce, and there were no storage, distribution or maintenance systems for the little available. Although there had been negligible investment in equipment, the hospital had spent £127,000 on the rental of pressure relieving devices in 1989/90.
An HIV Type 2 DNA Vaccine Induces Cross-Reactive Immune Responses against HIV Type 2 and SIV (1997)

We have previously reported on the generation of specific functional immune responses after inoculation of animals with expression vectors encoding HIV-1 genes. This article provides the details of the first application of this new technology to induce immune responses against HIV-2. This virus is molecularly and serologically distinct from HIV-1 and is in fact more closely related to the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Anti-HIV-2 and SIV antibodies were induced in mice of three different haplotypes following a single intramuscular inoculation with an HIV-2/ROD envelope glycoprotein expression vector (pcEnv-2). Boosting of animals with pcEnv-2 induced both anti-HIV-2 neutralizing antibodies and T cell-proliferative responses against HIV-2 and SIVmac proteins. We compared the humoral and cellular immune responses of mice injected with pcEnv-2 and then boosted with either the homologous DNA construct or a recombinant Env protein. Animals boosted with pcEnv-2 generated B and T cell immune responses as strong as those of mice boosted with recombinant gp140 protein in adjuvant. Finally, cellular immune responses were significantly increased with the coadministration of pcEnv-2 and a plasmid expressing interleukin 12. We therefore conclude that DNA plasmid inoculation induces cross-reactive anti-HIV-2 and anti-SIVmac immune responses in mice. This technology should be further investigated as a potential vaccine component for this human pathogen.
Eye Movements as Reflections of Comprehension Processes in Reading (2006)

Abstract In this article, we discuss the use of eye movement data to assess moment-to-moment comprehension processes. We first review some basic characteristics of eye movements during reading and then present two studies in which eye movements are monitored to confirm that eye movements are sensitive to (a) global text passage difficulty and (b) inconsistencies in text. We demonstrate that processing times increased (and especially that the number of fixations increased) when text is difficult. When there is an inconsistency, readers fixated longer on the region where the inconsistency occurred. In both studies, the probability of making a regressive eye movement increased as well. Finally, we discuss the use of eye movement recording as a research tool to further study moment-to-moment comprehension processes and the possibility of using this tool in more applied school settings.
Task-oriented world wide web retrieval by document type classification (1999)

This paper proposes a novel approach to accurately searching Web pages for relevant information in problem solving by specifying a Web document category instead of the user's task. Accessing information from World Wide Web pages as an approach to problem solving has become commonplace. However, such a search is difficult with current search services, since these services only provide keyword-based search methods that are equivalent to narrowing down the target references according to domains. However, problem solving usually involves both a domain and a task. Accordingly, our approach is based on problem solving tasks. To specify a user's problem solving task, we introduce the concept of document types that directly relate to the problem solving tasks; with this approach, users can easily designate problem solving tasks. We implemented PageTypeSearch system based on our approach. Classifier of PageTypeSearch classifies Web pages into the document types by comparing their pages with typical structural characteristics of the types. We compare PageTypeSearch using the document typeindices with a conventional keyword-based search system in experiments. The average precision of the document type-based search is 88.9%, while the average precision of the keyword-based search is 31.2%. Moreover, the number of irrelevant references gathered by our system is about one-thirteenth that of traditional keyword-based search systems. Our approach has practical advantages for problem solving by introducing the viewpoint of tasks to achieve higher performance.
Analysis of the human GDNF gene reveals an inducible promoter, three exons, a triplet repeat within the 3'-UTR and alternative splice products (1998)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a distant member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is a survival factor for various neurons, making it a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. Here we present the genomic structure and characterization of the promoter of the human GDNF (hGDNF) gene. It contains three exons coding for a cDNA of 4.6 kb including large 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs). The 3'-UTR contains a polymorphic AGG repeat that appears not to be expanded in patients suffering from different neurodegenerative disorders. RT-PCR results in at least three different hGDNF transcripts including one that lacks exon 2. Transient expression experiments reveal that exon 2 is essential for proper cellular processing to yield a secreted form of hGDNF, whereas expression of exon 3 alone is sufficient to code for a mature form of hGDNF retained within the cell. Our data show that the hGDNF gene is driven by a TATA-containing promoter preceding exon 1. A second promoter element has been mapped to a region 5' of exon 2. Both promoters are in close proximity to CpG islands covering exons 1 and 2. Using luciferase as a reporter gene, the TATA-containing hGDNF promoter facilitates a 20- to 40-fold increase in transcription when compared with a corresponding promoterless construct, whereas the second promoter confers only weak activity. Furthermore, fibroblast growth factor 2, tetradecanoyl 12-phorbol acetate, an inflammatory agent, and cAMP increase promoter activity, suggesting that GDNF transcriptional regulation is a target of exogenous signals.
The Cationic Copolymerization of Styrene and Isobutene in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide (1964)

Abstract The copolymerizations of styrene and iso-butene in liquid sulfur dioxide and in mixtures of liquid sulfur dioxide with nitromethane, ethylene dichloride, nitrobenzene and benzene have been carried out at −78°C. The r1 and r2 values have been estimated by the intersection method. When M1 stands for styrene and M2 for isobutene, r1 and r2 are 1.1 and 3.1 in liquid sulfur dioxide. The r2 values vary, as the added solvent is changed. Two sets of r1 values, approximately unity and 0.5, have been found. The meager solubility of polyisobutene and isobutene sequence in the copolymer may be responsible for the findings.
Bacteriophage M13 Aggregation on a Microhole Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Substrate Produces an Anionic Current Rectifier: Sensitivity toward Anionic versus Cationic Guests (2019)

Bacteriophage material (M13, wild-type) deposited as a film onto a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate (6 μm thick with a 20 μm diameter laser-drilled microhole) has been investigated for ion conductivity and ionic current rectification effects for potential applications in membranes. The M13 aggregate membrane forms under acidic conditions (in aqueous 10 mM acids) and behaves like a microporous anion conductor with micropores defined by the packing of cylindrical virus particles. Asymmetric deposition on the PET film substrate in conjunction with semipermeability leads to anionic diode behavior. Typical rectification ratio values are around 10 (determined at ±1 V) in aqueous 10 mM acids. Cationic guest species (aqueous Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup>) consistently lead to a rectification minimum at 0.5 mM guest concentration. In contrast, anionic guest species (indigo carmine) lead to a similar rectification minimum already at 5 μM concentration. The behavior is proposed to be associated with cation exclusion effects on transport.