gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reelin and ApoE Receptors Cooperate to Enhance Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Learning (2002)

Two apolipoprotein E (apoE) receptors, the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor and apoE receptor 2 (apoER2), are also receptors for Reelin, a signaling protein that regulates neuronal migration during brain development. In the adult brain, Reelin is expressed by GABA-ergic interneurons, suggesting a potential function as a modulator of neurotransmission. ApoE receptors have been indirectly implicated in memory and neurodegenerative disorders because their ligand, apoE, is genetically associated with Alzheimer disease. We have used knockout mice to investigate the role of Reelin and its receptors in cognition and synaptic plasticity. Mice lacking either the VLDL receptor or the apoER2 show contextual fear conditioning deficits. VLDL receptor-deficient mice also have a moderate defect in long term potentiation (LTP), and apoER2 knockouts have a pronounced one. The perfusion of mouse hippocampal slices with Reelin has no effect on baseline synaptic transmission but significantly enhances LTP in area CA1. This Reelin-dependent augmentation of LTP is abolished in VLDL receptor and apoER2 knockout mice. Our results reveal a role for Reelin in controlling synaptic plasticity in the adult brain and suggest that both of its receptors are necessary for Reelin-dependent enhancement of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Thus, the impairment of apoE receptor-dependent neuromodulation may contribute to cognitive impairment and synaptic loss in Alzheimer disease.
Biomarkers upon discontinuation of renal replacement therapy predict 60‐day survival and renal recovery in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (2017)

Upon discontinuation of RRT, serum and urinary biomarkers, particularly sOPN, may predict 60-day survival and renal recovery in critically ill patients with AKI. The serum levels of OPN, IL-6 and CysC may be useful when considering withdrawal of RRT on the basis of conventional indicators.
Tag recommendations in social bookmarking systems (2008)

Collaborative tagging systems allow users to assign keywords – so called “tags” – to resources. Tags are used for navigation, finding resources and serendipitous browsing and thus provide an immediate benefit for users. These systems usually include
Control of human gait stability through foot placement (2018)

During human walking, the centre of mass (CoM) is outside the base of support for most of the time, which poses a challenge to stabilizing the gait pattern. Nevertheless, most of us are able to walk without substantial problems. In this review, we aim to provide an integrative overview of how humans cope with an underactuated gait pattern. A central idea that emerges from the literature is that foot placement is crucial in maintaining a stable gait pattern. In this review, we explore this idea; we first describe mechanical models and concepts that have been used to predict how foot placement can be used to control gait stability. These concepts, such as for instance the extrapolated CoM concept, the foot placement estimator concept and the capture point concept, provide explicit predictions on where to place the foot relative to the body at each step, such that gait is stabilized. Next, we describe empirical findings on foot placement during human gait in unperturbed and perturbed conditions. We conclude that humans show behaviour that is largely in accordance with the aforementioned concepts, with foot placement being actively coordinated to body CoM kinematics during the preceding step. In this section, we also address the requirements for such control in terms of the sensory information and the motor strategies that can implement such control, as well as the parts of the central nervous system that may be involved. We show that visual, vestibular and proprioceptive information contribute to estimation of the state of the CoM. Foot placement is adjusted to variations in CoM state mainly by modulation of hip abductor muscle activity during the swing phase of gait, and this process appears to be under spinal and supraspinal, including cortical, control. We conclude with a description of how control of foot placement can be impaired in humans, using ageing as a primary example and with some reference to pathology, and we address alternative strategies available to stabilize gait, which include modulation of ankle moments in the stance leg and changes in body angular momentum, such as rapid trunk tilts. Finally, for future research, we believe that especially the integration of consideration of environmental constraints on foot placement with balance control deserves attention.
Readings in the 'New Science'. A selective annotated bilbiography (1993)

Die vorliegende kommentierte Bibliographie will hauptsächlich Historikern eine Orientierungshilfe für die Literaturfülle zum Thema 'New Science' geben. Die knapp besprochenen Arbeiten sind nach folgenden Themenkomplexen gruppiert: Unentscheidbarkeit, Ungewißheit und Komplexität; Makrostrukturen: Systeme und die humane Dimension; Dynamische Systeme (Spieltheorie, Katastrophentheorie, Chaos, Fraktale Geometrie, Antizipatorische Systeme, Lebende Systeme); Computer (Informationstheorie, Kognitionswisssenschaft und Künstliche Intelligenz); Die Mikro- und die Makrodimensionen; Zeit; Kultur und Erkenntnistheorie.
Adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer. (1989)

While uncontrolled and retrospective studies suggest a treatment benefit for radiotherapy or chemotherapy when administered as adjuvant before or after surgical resection with a curative aim for colon cancer, prospective randomized clinicals trials failed to show any advantage and do not to date confirm the efficiency of the proposed adjuvant therapy. For rectal cancer, preoperative irradiation administered at the dose of 34.5 Gy and postoperative radiotherapy administered at the dose of 46 to 53 Gy markedly decreased the local recurrence rate, however, these treatments failed to improve the 5 year survival rate significantly. Recently the efficacy of a postoperative chemotherapy was observed in a randomized clinical trial. The administration of methyl-CCNU, Vincristine and 5-fluorouracil after surgical resection of rectal cancer improved both the disease-free survival and the survival rate. Another randomized study showed a benefit of combined post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy with methyl-CCNU and 5-FU. Advantages and disadvantages of preoperative irradiation treatment and postoperative irradiation treatment are discussed.
InAs Thin-Channel High-Electron-Mobility Transistors with Very High Current-Gain Cutoff Frequency for Emerging Submillimeter-Wave Applications (2013)

60 nm InAs high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a thin channel, a thin InAlAs barrier layer, and a very high gate stem structure have been fabricated and characterized. The thickness of the channel, as well as that of the InAlAs barrier layer, was reduced to 5 nm. A stem height of 250 nm with a Pt-buried gate was used in the device configuration to reduce the parasitics. A high DC transconductance of 2114 mS/mm and a current-gain cutoff frequency (fT) of 710 GHz were achieved at VDS=0.5 V.
Low-temperature solvothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline indium nitride and Ga–In–N composites from the decomposition of metal azides (2006)

Nanocrystalline InN powders have been synthesized through metal azide decomposition in superheated toluene and refluxing hexadecane solvents near 280 °C. The metal azide intermediates were formed in situ through the metathesis reaction of InBr3 and NaN3. The InN products from toluene consist of ∼10 nm hexagonal (wurtzite) structured crystallites in aggregated arrangements. InN from hexadecane and lower temperature toluene reactions produced more poorly crystalline InN that appears to contain a cubic (zinc blende) component. Coordinating amine solvents led to decomposition of the nitride to indium metal. Several reactions were undertaken to produce mixed metal nitrides of the form Ga1−zInzN where z is 0.5 and 0.75. The mixed metal nitride products are analytically consistent with composite versus solid-solution formation, however some metal mixing is observed. Data from X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, thermal analysis, elemental analysis, and several spectroscopic methods are combined to form a consistent picture of the bulk and surface structures for these nanocrystalline InN materials.
Demonstration of the CDMA-mode CAOS smart camera (2017)

Demonstrated is the code division multiple access (CDMA)-mode coded access optical sensor (CAOS) smart camera suited for bright target scenarios. Deploying a silicon CMOS sensor and a silicon point detector within a digital micro-mirror device (DMD)-based spatially isolating hybrid camera design, this smart imager first engages the DMD starring mode with a controlled factor of 200 high optical attenuation of the scene irradiance to provide a classic unsaturated CMOS sensor-based image for target intelligence gathering. Next, this CMOS sensor provided image data is used to acquire a focused zone more robust un-attenuated true target image using the time-modulated CDMA-mode of the CAOS camera. Using four different bright light test target scenes, successfully demonstrated is a proof-of-concept visible band CAOS smart camera operating in the CDMA-mode using up-to 4096 bits length Walsh design CAOS pixel codes with a maximum 10 KHz code bit rate giving a 0.4096 seconds CAOS frame acquisition time. A 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with time domain correlation digital signal processing (DSP) generates the CDMA-mode images with a 3600 CAOS pixel count and a best spatial resolution of one micro-mirror square pixel size of 13.68 μm side. The CDMA-mode of the CAOS smart camera is suited for applications where robust high dynamic range (DR) imaging is needed for un-attenuated un-spoiled bright light spectrally diverse targets.
Indoor Location Estimation Technique using UHF band RFID (2008)

This paper investigates an indoor location estimation system based on UHF band RFID. Tags, separated by 50 cm, are attached to the ceiling and an RFID reader is attached to the person of interest. The location of the person is estimated using the tags' coordinate which are read by the RFID reader. Three simple location estimation algorithms are proposed, and their estimation accuracy is evaluated by an experiment. This paper also presents a ray trace simulation; tag allocation, RFID reader parameters, and location estimation algorithms are evaluated by simulation to minimize the estimation error.
Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for High-Performance Ultracapacitors and the Importance of Nitrogen-Doped Sites at Basal Planes (2011)

Although various carbon nanomaterials including activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have been successfully demonstrated for high-performance ultracapacitors, their capacitances need to be improved further for wider and more challenging applications. Herein, using nitrogen-doped graphene produced by a simple plasma process, we developed ultracapacitors whose capacitances (∼280 F/g(electrode)) are about 4 times larger than those of pristine graphene based counterparts without sacrificing other essential and useful properties for ultracapacitor operations including excellent cycle life (>200,000), high power capability, and compatibility with flexible substrates. While we were trying to understand the improved capacitance using scanning photoemission microscopy with a capability of probing local nitrogen-carbon bonding configurations within a single sheet of graphene, we observed interesting microscopic features of N-configurations: N-doped sites even at basal planes, distinctive distributions of N-configurations between edges and basal planes, and their distinctive evolutions with plasma duration. The local N-configuration mappings during plasma treatment, alongside binding energy calculated by density functional theory, revealed that the origin of the improved capacitance is a certain N-configuration at basal planes.
Association of CXCL12 Levels in Synovial Fluid with the Radiographic Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis (2012)

CXCL12 levels in SF were closely related to the radiographic severity of OA. CXCL12 levels in SF may be an alternative biomarker for the progression of OA.
Surfactant Protein-C in the Maintenance of Lung Integrity and Function (2012)

Surfactant protein-C (SP-C) is a lung cell specific protein whose expression is identified from the earliest stages of mammalian lung development in a subset of developing epithelial cells and in the alveolar type II cell in the mature lung. Although SP-C gene expression is not critical and protein function is not necessary for the normal developing morphological patterning of the lung, studies of SP-C protein mutations and SP-C deficiency have revealed critical roles of SP-C in the maintenance and function of the preterm and mature lung during various forms of intrinsic or extrinsic lung injury. This review summarizes studies using in vitro experimental approaches, in vivo modeling in transgenic mice, and analysis of human disease pathogenesis. Collected data reveal an essential role for SP-C singly and in combination with other lung proteins, in maintenance of lung structure and pulmonary function of the immature and mature lung.
Interferon-γ- and Rickettsia-Induced Killing of Macrophage-Like Cells Is Inhibited by Anti-Rickettsial Antibodies and Does Not Require the Respiratory Burst (1989)

The effects of antibiotics and anti-rickettsial antibodies on the ability of Rickettsia prowazekii to kill interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-treated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and the possible involvement of the macrophage respiratory burst in this killing were investigated. Rifampicin and chloramphenicol, antibiotics that inhibited rickettsial growth, did not inhibit the ability of the rickettsiae to kill IFN-gamma-treated RAW264.7 cells. However, pretreatment of R. prowazekii with anti-rickettsial IgG (which inhibits rickettsial growth in macrophage-like cells) inhibited the killing. This anti-rickettsial IgG did not inhibit association of the rickettsiae with the cells. Although untreated and IFN-gamma-treated RAW264.7 cells underwent a respiratory burst when exposed to a stimulant such as opsonized zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), infection of such cells with R. prowazekii was not associated with a measurable respiratory burst, as determined by monitoring hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and hexose monophosphate shunt activity. Furthermore, a variant macrophage-like cell line (J774.C3C) which lacks the ability to undergo a respiratory burst was killed by the combination of IFN-gamma treatment and R. prowazekii infection. These data define three interesting features of the killing of macrophage-like cells by IFN-gamma and R. prowazekii: (i) the macrophage respiratory burst is not required; (ii) anti-rickettsial antibiotics are not inhibitory; and (iii) anti-rickettsial antibodies are inhibitory.
A clinical and experimental investigation of the effects of tizanidine in trigeminal neuralgia (1993)

Experiments in cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose showed that tizanidine (TZD: 5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiodiazole) partly resembled carbamazepine (CBZ) and baclofen (BCF) in that it depressed excitatory transmission and facilitated segmental inhibition of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis which responded to tapping but did not affect the response of neurons which responded to light stroking of the skin or bending the whiskers. In a double-blind crossover study of TZD in refractory trigeminal neuralgia, 8 of 10 patients had fewer painful paroxysms while on TZD. However, the 6 patients who elected to continue taking TZD experienced a recurrence of their attacks of trigeminal neuralgia within 1-3 months. The limited efficacy of TZD in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia may be related to the fact that it has no effect on neuronal responses to low-threshold mechanoceptive stimuli, suggesting that low-threshold mechanoceptive neurons play an important role in the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia.
Ontology Alignment using Stable Matching (2019)

Ontology matching is a solution to the problem of semantic heterogeneity in the integration and sharing of information. It consists in establishing mappings between entities which semantically belong to different ontologies. Most ontology mapping approaches use elementary matching techniques (eg, string-based methods, linguistic methods, etc.). These techniques map the elements by analyzing the entities in isolation and ignoring their relationships with other entities (father/son, brother, etc.). Bypassing the latter aspects, the determination of the semantics of an entity is often difficult. Hence, the structural information of an ontology plays an important role in ontologies mapping. In this work, we study methods of structural alignment. We adopt two alignment methods that are based on the structure. The first, called Method of Similarity of Inheritance (MSI), applies the initial similarity method based on the concepts and integrates the inheritance relation (father/son) into the calculation of similarity. The second, called Method of Sibling Similarity (MSS), involves sibling relationships to enrich the similarity score between two concepts. Moreover, we enhance the mappings selection strategy by integrating the stable marriage algorithm as an optimal matching strategy. This algorithm improves the ontology alignment quality through efficient optimization techniques and creates a faster and more robust alignment method.
A general multi-level evaluation process for hybrid MADM with uncertainty (1994)

Based on an evidential reasoning framework, a general multilevel evaluation process is developed in this paper for dealing with a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem with both quantitative and qualitative attributes. In this new process, a qualitative attribute may be evaluated by uncertain subjective judgments through multiple levels of factors and each of the judgments may be assigned by single or multiple experts in any rational way within the evidential reasoning framework. The qualitative attributes can then be quantified by means of general evaluation analysis and evidential reasoning. A few evaluation analysis models and the corresponding evidential reasoning algorithms are explored for parallel combination and hierarchical propagation of factor evaluations. With all the qualitative attributes being quantified by this rational process, the MADM problem represented by an extended decision matrix is then transformed into an ordinary decision matrix, which can be dealt with using a traditional MADM method. This new general evaluation process and the hybrid decision making procedure are demonstrated using a multiple attribute motor cycle evaluation problem with uncertainty.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of High-temperature Aluminium Alloy Conductor to City Zone Transmission-line (2003)

The high-temperature aluminium alloy conductor(NRLHGJ) is a new type of overhead conductor that is largely used in developed countries,which possesses the features of high-temperature,high strength,large amount of current-carrying capacity and has defects such as large curve in high temperature operation,lack of fittings,lack of operation-experience etc.The author analyzes the characteristics of city zone transmission-line,compares the investment of newly-built with rebuilt transmission-line in city zone when using corresponding NRLHGJ and normal steel-cored aluminium conductor(LGJ), and inquires into the application of the NRLHGJ to city zone transmissionline.
Analysis of the in vivo activation of hemolysin (HlyA) from Escherichia coli (1996)

Hemolysin (HlyA) from Escherichia coli containing the hlyCABD operon separated from the nonhemolytic pro-HlyA upon two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The migration distance indicated a net loss of two positive charges in HlyA as a result of the HlyC-mediated activation (modification). HlyA activated in vitro in the presence of [U-14C]palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein comigrated with in vivo-activated hemolysin on 2-D gels and was specifically labelled, in agreement with the assumption that the activation is accomplished in vitro and in vivo by covalent fatty acid acylation. The in vivo-modified amino acid residues were identified by peptide mapping and 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of mutant and truncated HlyA derivatives, synthesized in E. coli in the presence and absence of HlyC. These analyses indicated that the internal residues Lys-564 and Lys-690 of HlyA, which have recently been shown by others to be fatty acid acylated by HlyC in vitro, are also the only modification sites in vivo. HlyA activated in E. coli was quantitatively fatty acid acylated at both sites, and the double modification was required for wild-type hemolytic activity. Single modifications in mutant and truncated HlyA derivatives suggested that both lysine residues are independently fatty acid acylated by a mechanism requiring additional sequences or structures flanking the corresponding acylation site. The intact repeat domain of HlyA was not required for the activation. The pore-forming activities of pro-HlyA and singly modified HlyA mutants in planar lipid bilayer membranes suggested that the activation is not essential for transmembrane pore formation but rather required for efficient binding of the toxin to target membranes.
Evaluation of full-sortie closed-loop simulated aerial combat maneuvering on the human centrifuge (2002)

The Aerial Combat Environment Simulator (ACES), installed in the human centrifuge at the Naval Air Development Center, was evaluated as an approach to creating an acceleration environment that is similar to that encountered in modern tactical aircraft. A pilot in the human centrifuge flew an aircraft simulation to chase a target aircraft through aerial combat maneuvers. The pilot was in complete control of the centrifuge through the simulation, and, if the target tracking was accomplished successfully, the centrifuge produced an acceleration profile that matched the target aircraft. ACES used an enhanced aircraft simulation with the a+Gz performance envelope that exceeded the characteristics observed in aerial combat exercises on instrumented ranges. The centrifuge was equipped with the flight controls necessary to fly the simulation in an air combat scenario. Displays included a high-resolution wide-field-of-view computer graphics system that was used to present a real-world gaming area, an aerial target aircraft, and a high-fidelity head-up display. Seven volunteer subjects were trained to fly the centrifuge and were able to generate +Gz acceleration profiles that replicated the recorded aerial combat exercises. In using this method, the +Gz acceleration stresses imposed on the subjects were very different from those encountered during typical open-loop programs and produced a wide spectrum of physiologic and psychologic +Gz stress related symptoms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic structure and localized states in a model amorphous silicon (1998)

The electronic structure of a model amorphous silicon ($a$-Si) represented by a supercell of 4096 silicon atoms [B.R. Djordjevic, M.F. Thorpe, and F. Wooten, Phys. Rev. B 52, 5685 (1995)] and of a model hydrogenated amorphous silicon ($a$-Si:H) that we have built from the $a$-Si model are calculated in the tight-binding approximation. The band edges near the gap are characterized by exponential tails of localized states induced mainly by the variations in bond angles. The spatial localization of the states is compared between $a$-Si and $a$-Si:H. Comparison with experiments suggests that the structural models give good descriptions of the amorphous materials.