gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of thermal tissue effects induced by contact application of fiber guided laser systems (2003)

Contact treatment by Ho:YAG-laser light might provide for a precise and effective tissue reduction in a bloodless manner because of its high ablation and coagulation capabilities, especially if large volumes are treated and structures beneath are non-critical. In comparison, Nd:YAG- and diode-laser treatment in contact application showed low thermal tissue effects (i.e., coagulation) in the depth, resulting from a high power loss caused by the development of large carbonization zones at the surface of the tissue. Therefore, the degree of blood-perfusion and the capability of vessel-closure induced by these lasers should be taken into account. The presented investigation also revealed that in contact mode, the tested laser systems produced tissue effects, which were highly different from those already described for applications in non-contact mode. Physicians who are performing laser treatments in close boundaries must be aware that changing from non-contact to contact mode in laser application greatly influences the resulting tissue effects.
COLOUR VARIATION IN SOME AFRICAN BARBETS. (1938)

COLOUR VARIATION IN SOME AFRICAN BARBETS Get access J. D. Macdonald J. D. Macdonald British Museum (Natural History) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Proceedings Linnean Society London, Volume 150, Issue 2, March 1938, Pages 113–114, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1938.tb00164.x Published: 09 April 2009
Long‐term effects of rasagiline and the natural history of treated Parkinson's disease (2016)

The ADAGIO Follow-Up study failed to demonstrate long-term benefits of early-start rasagiline treatment in the prior ADAGIO study. Clinically important milestones occurred in a substantial proportion of patients. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Tumor suppressor gene P53 mutations in human prostate cancer (1995)

The genetic background underlying the growth and development of human prostatic cancer is not yet clear. Here we searched for possible mutations in the entire coding region of tumor suppressor gene p53 in primary human prostatic carcinomas, using polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis of RNA. We found p53 gene mutations in 4 of 21 cases (19%). DNA sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products revealed missense point mutations that resulted in amino acid changes in exon 5 or 3 in three cases and single base deletions in exon 7 in two cases. One case contained both a missense point mutation and a single base deletion. Three of these four cases were pathologically diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and three of the four cases were clinically localized to stage C or D. None of seven noncancerous prostate tissues nor three well-differentiated adenocarcinoma tissues showed any mutations. The present results suggest that p53 gene mutation is involved in the late progression steps of human prostate carcinogenesis.
Document image decoding approach to character template estimation (2002)

An approach to supervised training of document-specific character templates from sample page images and unaligned transcriptions is presented. The template estimation problem is formulated as one of constrained maximum likelihood parameter estimation within the document image decoding (DID) framework. This leads to a two-phase iterative training algorithm consisting of transcription alignment and aligned template estimation (ATE) steps. The ATE step is the heart of the algorithm and involves assigning template pixel colors to maximize likelihood while satisfying a template disjointness constraint. In one large-scale experiment, use of document-specific templates resulted in a character error rate that was about an order of magnitude less than that of a commercial omni-font OCR program.
The Struggle for South Africa (1976)

On June 16, 1976, South African police fired into a crowd of African school children demonstrating against the mandatory use of the Afrikaans language, a language spoken by less than five million people in the entire world. Since then, South Africa has been in a state of turmoil. School children have burned down their classrooms, workers have stormed their factories, young men have thrown gasoline bombs into fashionable shops, and tens of thousands of blacks have left their jobs and taken to the streets. The apartheid regime has responded with force, killing nearly 400 blacks, imprisoning several thousand others, banning public gatherings, and scrapping most civil liberties. Only recently has the government acknowledged that force alone is not enough to put down the unrest; it has reluctantly launched a number of minor reforms and a global diplomatic offensive to shore up its position internationally.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Rapid interactome profiling by massive sequencing (2010)

We have developed a high-throughput protein expression and interaction analysis platform that combines cDNA phage display library selection and massive gene sequencing using the 454 platform. A phage display library of open reading frame (ORF) fragments was created from mRNA derived from different tissues. This was used to study the interaction network of the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional enzyme involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, associated with many different pathologies. After two rounds of panning with TG2 we assayed the frequency of ORFs within the selected phage population using 454 sequencing. Ranking and analysis of more than 120,000 sequences allowed us to identify several potential interactors, which were subsequently confirmed in functional assays. Within the identified clones, three had been previously described as interacting proteins (fibronectin, SMOC1 and GSTO2), while all the others were new. When compared with standard systems, such as microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, the method described here is dramatically faster and yields far more information about the interaction under study, allowing better characterization of complex systems. For example, in the case of fibronectin, it was possible to identify the specific domains involved in the interaction.
Automatic graphic user interface generation for VTK (2002)

VTK (The Visualization Toolkit) has become one of the most popular modular visualization environments. It is an open source software, which has evolved rapidly, new tools being constinuously integrated and a new (minor) release being produced daily. This rapid evolution makes it difficult to develop a graphic user interface (GUI) while maintaining software integrity, that is coherence between interface and code. In this case traditionnal GUI production tools, such as application builders, are not appropriate. This paper proposes a re-engineering approach for automatically generating GUIs for VTK and gives solutions for most of the issues that have to be addressed. We take advantage of the object-oriented feature of VTK to propose a source code analysis method that generates a software components database. Then the rich information contained in this database is used to build a GUI for VTK using a specific GUI technology. This involves a fine analysis of the components of the VTK source and the relationships between them in order to select the components that should be included in the GUI. Then the GUI is generated, which includes a run-time environment to generate and execute the code corresponding to the applications designed by the users. Although VTK has been used to implement our software, the concepts and solutions proposed in this paper are general and could be applied to any object-oriented visualization toolkit.
Deterrents extracted from the leaves of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>: effects on feeding and contact chemoreceptors (1990)

Abstract Powdered dried ginkgo tree leaves were subjected to various chemical extractions and successive extracts were monitored for antifeedant activity against larvae of Pieris brassicae. Many fractions moderately inhibited food intake, and some were deterrent at levels as low as 25–50 ppm. Some behaviourally highly active fractions were tested electrophysiologically for neural responses in the maxillary taste sensilla. These extracts appeared to stimulate deterrent receptors. There were distinct differences in responses between Pieris brassicae and P. rapae. Ginkgolide A, B, and C each strongly stimulated deterrent receptors in P. rapae , which corresponds with the observation (Matsumoto & Sei, 1987) that these compounds are effective antifeedants for this species. No toxic effects were observed in insects after feeding for 24 h on diets containing ginkgo extracts. Résumé Déterrants extraits de feuilles de Gingko biloba: effets sur la nutrition et sur les chémorécepteurs de contact Des feuilles de Gingko séchées et broyées ont été soumises à différentes extractions. On a testé l'activité déterrante (antiappétant) des extraits successifs sur les larves de Pieris brassicae. Un grand nombre de fractions inhibent modérément la consommation, et certaines sont déterrantes à des concentrations aussi faibles que 25–50 ppm. Par électrophysiologie, on a testé la réponse nerveuse des sensilles gustatives maxillaires à certaines fractions qui montraient une forte action sur le comportement. Il s'avère que ces extraits stimulent les récepteurs déterrants. Les réponses diffèrent pour P. brassicae et P. rapae. Les gingkolides A, B et C stimulent chacun fortement les récepteurs déterrants chez P. rapae , ce qui correspond aux observations (Matsumoto & Sei, 1987) selon lesquelles ces composés sont des anti‐appétants efficaces pour cette espèce. On n'a pas observé d'effet toxique sur les insectes nourris durant 24 heures par des diètes contenant des extraits de Gingko.
Physiological effects of nitrogen starvation in an anaerobic batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

The effects of nitrogen starvation on the anaerobic physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied in cells cultivated in a bioreactor. The composition of the mineral medium was designed such that the nitrogen source became depleted while there was still ample glucose left in the medium. The culture was characterized by acoustic gas analysis, flow injection analysis and HPLC analysis of extracellular substrates and metabolites. During the cultivation, the macromolecular composition of the cells was analysed with respect to the cellular content of RNA, protein, trehalose and glycogen. During exponential growth under anaerobic conditions, the maximum specific growth rate conditions. Depletion of ammonium in the medium led to an abrupt decrease (mumax) of S. cerevisiae CBS 8066 (0.46 h-1) was identical to the mumax determined under aerobic in the flux through glycolysis. Subsequently, a continuous decrease in the carbon dioxide evolution rate, caused by catabolite inactivation of the hexose-transport system, was observed. The apparent half-life of the transport system under nitrogen starvation was 13 h. During the exponential growth phase, the cellular content of RNA and protein was 15% (w/w) and 60% (w/w), respectively. At the end of the cultivation where the cells had been starved of nitrogen for 18 h, the cellular content of RNA and protein had decreased to 4% (w/w) and 22% (w/w), respectively. The intracellular carbohydrate content increased dramatically as trehalose and glycogen accumulated to final concentrations of 7% (w/w) and 25% (w/w), respectively. Glycerol formation during nitrogen starvation was higher than that accounted for by the formation of organic acids, suggesting a protein turnover of approximately 6% h-1. The growth energetics of S. cerevisiae CBS 8066 also changed as a result of nitrogen starvation, and YxATP was observed to increase from 80 mmol g-1 during the exponential growth phase to more than 130 mmol g-1 towards the end of the cultivation. The presented results illustrate the effect of nitrogen starvation on glycerol formation, protein turnover, catabolite inactivation of the sugar-transport system, the cellular composition, the cell cycle and growth energetics.
An efficient repetition finder for improving dynamic Huffman coding (1997)

In this paper, a new repetition finder to be used with dynamic Huffman (1952) coding is proposed to improve the compression efficiency by reducing the redundancy due to string repetitions. Compared to the repetition finder proposed by Yokoo (1991), the proposed scheme effectively increases the numbers of consecutive symbols in the repetition mode and the total number of symbols in the repetition mode. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the repetition finder of Yokoo by 14-40% in compression ratios with about the same memory requirement and running time.
Approaches to gathering realistic training data for speech translation systems (2002)

The Spoken Language Translator (SLT) is a multi-lingual speech-to-speech translation prototype supporting English, Swedish and French within the air traffic information system (ATIS) domain. The design of SLT is characterized by a strongly corpus-driven approach, which accentuates the need for cost-efficient collection procedures to obtain training data. This paper discusses various approaches to the data collection issue pursued within a speech translation framework. Original American English speech and language data have been collected using traditional Wizard-of-Oz (WOZ) techniques, a relatively costly procedure yielding high-quality results. The resulting corpus has been translated textually into Swedish by a large number of native speakers (427) and used as prompts for training the target language speech model. This "budget" collection method is compared to the accepted method, i.e., gathering data by means of a full-blown WOZ simulation. The results indicate that although translation in this case proved economical and produced considerable data, the method is not sensitive to certain features typical of spoken language, for which WOZ is superior.
FIRE SUPPRESSION TESTING: EXTINGUISHMENT OF CLASS A FIRES WITH CLEAN AGENTS (2001)

The fire suppression characteristics of a selection of clean extinguishing agents were examined employing Underwriters Laboratories Standards UL 2166 (halocarbon agents) and UL 2127 (inert gas agents). Agents tested included HFC-227ea (FM-20Om), HFC-23, HFC-125, NAF-S-Ill, Inergen (IG-541), and nitrogen. The most challenging fires in terms of the concentration of agent required for the halocarbon agents were the PMMA plastic sheet fires. In contrast, for the inert gas agents the most challenging fire was found to be the wood crib fire; at concentrations capable of readily extinguishing the plastic sheet fires, the inert gas agents were unable to provide sufficient cooling to prevent re-ignition of the wood crib following a 10-min soak period.
The Primordial High Energy Compound: ATP or Inorganic Pyrophosphate? (2000)

The pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PP(i)-PFK) of Entamoeba histolytica displays a million fold preference for inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)) over ATP (calculated as the ratio of k(cat)/K(m)). The introduction of a single mutation by site-directed mutagenesis changes its preference from PP(i) to ATP. The single mutant has an 8-fold preference for ATP whereas a related double mutant shows a preference exceeding 10,000-fold. The results suggest the presence of a latent nucleotide binding site aligned for a catalytic role in PP(i)-PFK. It is proposed that the ancestral PFK was an ATP-dependent enzyme and that PP(i)-PFKs are a later evolving adaptation.
Analysis of steroid and vitamin D glucuronides and sulfates by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1984)

The direct analysis of underivatized steroid and vitamin D glucuronide and sulfate conjugates by positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been demonstrated. The technique allows unambiguous molecular weight determination of these conjugates and provides useful fragmentation information in many cases. Analysis of low microgram amounts of such conjugates purified from biological sources has been carried out.
Network Access Servers Requirements: Extended RADIUS Practices (2000)

This document describes current practices implemented in NAS products that go beyond the scope of the RADIUS RFCs 2138, 2139 [1,2].The purpose of this effort is to give examples that show the need for addressing and standardizing these types of ad-hoc functions.Since many of these features require a matching server support component, the ability to deploy and manage interoperable NAS and AAA server products is severely hindered.These practices are documented here to show functions that are obviously desired in developing future AAA protocols for NAS deployment.
Development and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Sol−Gel Materials for the Selective Detection of DDT (2001)

Molecularly imprinting sol-gel materials for DDT using both a noncovalent and a covalent approach was examined. A nonpolar porous sol-gel network was created through the use of the bridged polysilsesquioxane, bis-(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene (BTEB), as the principal sol-gel component. Noncovalent molecular imprinting was deemed unsuccessful, presumably because of the lack of strong intermolecular interactions that can be established between the DDT and the sol-gel precursor. A covalent imprinting strategy was employed by generating a sacrificial spacer through the reaction of two 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilanes with one of two different template molecules: 4,4'-ethylenedianiline (EDA) or 4,4'-ethylidenebisphenol (EBP). After formation of the sol-gel, the bonds linking the spacer template to the matrix were cleaved in a manner that generated a pocket of the appropriate size bordered by amine groups that could aid in the binding of DDT through weak hydrogen bonding interactions. Experiments indicated that DDT could be bound selectively by such an approch. To generate a sensor, an environmentally sensitive fluorescent probe, 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, (NBD) located adjacent to the DDT binding site was used to transduce the binding of analyte. EDA-imprinted sol-gels, deposited as films on glass microscope slides, were shown to quantitatively detect DDT in water to a limit-of-detection of 50 ppt with a response time of <60 s. Repeat measurements could be made with the same sensing films after rinsing with acetone between each measurement. The EDA sensing material was selective for DDT and other structurally similar molecules. However, the sensing film design was limited by the relatively minor changes in fluorescence intensity upon binding DDT. This situation may be remedied by an alternative methodology that can facilitate attachment of the NBD fluorophore in an optimal position proximal to the binding pocket.
Poliovirus: Generation, Quantification, Propagation, Purification, and Storage (2013)

Poliovirus (PV) is the prototypical picornavirus. It is a non-enveloped RNA virus with a small (~7.5-kb) genome of positive polarity. It has long served as a model to study RNA virus biology, pathogenesis, and evolution. cDNA clones of several strains are available, and infectious virus can be produced by the transfection of in vitro transcribed viral genomes into an appropriate host cell. PV infects many human and non-human primate cell lines including HeLa and HeLa S3 cells, and can grow to high titer in culture. Protocols for the production, propagation, quantification, and purification of PV are presented.
Ripening and spoilage of sugar salted herring with and without nitrate (1984)

Abstract The technological effect of nitrate and the possible role of this compound in the formation of volatile nitrosamines during ripening and spoilage of sugar salted herring have been examined. In total, 600 barrels of fish with various amounts of nitrate added to the curing salt were prepared and stored under commercial conditions. During storage (18 months) the organoleptic, microbiological and chemical changes were studied. Additionally, a number of model experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of nitrate on microbial growth and chemical changes. It was found that addition of nitrate significantly influences the colour of the fish while texture and flavour are not affected. Based on both the practical experiments and the model studies it is concluded that nitrate per se does not inhibit any microbial growth. Growth of strict anaerobes does not occur until the substrate is depleted of TMAO, and nitrate is effective in delaying the most common type of spoilage by delaying the TMAO reduction. Small amounts of nitrosodimethylamine—up to 2.9 ppb has been detected—was formed in the sugar salted herring, but the addition of nitrate to the curing salt had no influence.
Preoperative Intravenous Fluid Therapy Decreases Postoperative Nausea and Pain in High Risk Patients (2005)

The potential for preoperative IV rehydration to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery remains unclear, with conflicting results reported. We sought to determine whether preoperative IV rehydration with a balanced salt solution would decrease the incidence of PONV in patients at increased risk for these symptoms. Eighty ASA grade I-III patients presenting for gynecologic laparoscopy were randomized to receive large (2 mL/kg per hour fasting) or small (3 mL/kg) volume infusions of compound sodium lactate solution over 20 min preoperatively. A standardized balanced anesthetic was used. The incidence and severity of PONV and pain, and need for supplemental antiemetic and analgesic therapy, were assessed by a blinded investigator at 0.5, 1, and 4 h postoperatively, and on the first and third postoperative days. The incidence (control 87% versus large volume 59%) and severity of PONV were significantly reduced in the large volume infusion group at all time intervals. The large volume infusion group also had decreased postoperative pain scores and required less supplemental analgesia. Preoperative correction of intravascular volume deficits effectively reduces PONV and postoperative pain in high risk patients presenting for ambulatory surgery. We recommend the preoperative administration of 2 mL/kg of compound sodium lactate for every hour of fasting to patients with an increased PONV risk presenting for ambulatory surgery.
Aluminum‐coated elastomer thin films for the fabrication of a ferrofluidic deformable mirror (2016)

ABSTRACT A procedure for the fabrication of aluminum‐coated reflective PDMS thin films having a low surface roughness and high reflectance is presented. Elastomer films are prepared by spin‐coating on a sacrificial layer that permits subsequent release from the substrate. Appropriate surface treatments are established for the deposition of a thin, highly reflective metal coating. The composite membranes are deposited on an ethylene glycol based ferrofluid to fabricate a new ferrofluidic deformable mirror. Surface deformations of a few micrometers can be produced with low strength magnetic fields. The reflective elastomer membranes do not alter the rheological behavior of the ferrofluid in magnetic fields and thus offer new perspectives for the use of ferrofluidic mirrors in adaptive optics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44542.