gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic drug delivery utilizing two-photon absorption: a novel approach to treat posterior capsule opacification (2007)

Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the standard technique to treat cataract. Despite recent progress in surgical procedures, posterior capsule opacification is one of the sill remaining postoperative complications of cataract surgery. We present a novel strategy to reduce the incidence of posterior capsule opacification. A drug delivery polymer suitable for manufacturing intraocular lenses has been developed which enables repeated drug release in a non-invasive and controlled manner. The therapeutic molecules are attached through a UV light sensitive linkage to the polymer backbone which is mainly responsible for the optical properties of the intraocular lenses. However, UV light can not trigger the release of drug from the polymer due to the high absorption of the cornea. We developed linkers which enable drug release by two-photon absorption induced cleavage of the linker structure. Since the two-photon absorption requires high photon densities, this does not occur in ambient light conditions in daily life, but is easily triggered by focused laser beams from a pulsed laser. In this proof-of-principle study we have employed a cyclobutane type linker and investigated the properties of the therapeutic system with the approved drugs 5-fluorouracil and chlorambucil. The controlled drug delivery was successfully demonstrated <i>in vitro</i> and additional cell tests confirmed that the device itself shows no cytotoxicity until photochemical activation. This presented concept can provide a powerful method in ophthalmic drug delivery.
Path-sensitive, value-flow optimizations of programs (program analysis) (1999)

Current compiler optimizers are conservative and inflexible. As a result, even “highly optimized” programs execute half of their instructions redundantly, only to recompute previously computed values. Ideally, these values should be remembered and later reused, removing recomputations. 
Unfortunately, this reuse strategy fails often. The culprit is intermittent reuse—one that exists only along some execution paths leading to the redundant instruction. This path-specific reuse is frequent, but to remove it, the optimizer may need to pay the exponential price of optimizing each path separately. 
This thesis describes how to defeat this exponential path explosion, in its various forms: how to analyze paths separately only when it matters, via demand analysis; how to generate less path-specific code, via optimal profiling feedback; and how to avoid profiling individual paths, via adding confidence to imprecise profiles. The result is a path-sensitive optimization framework that is powerful enough to remove nearly all redundancies, yet practical enough to permit an industrial-strength implementation.
High performance photorefractive polymer with improved stability (1997)

A novel photorefractive polymer composite is reported which exhibits a high two-beam coupling gain coefficient (Γ=200 cm−1 at 120 V/μm, fast response time (τg=50 ms at 1 W/cm2), overmodulation of diffraction efficiency, and high sensitivity. The composition and processing have been altered to yield greatly improved material stability.
Aspects of Total Variation Regularized<i>L</i><sup>1</sup>Function Approximation (2005)

Abstract. The total variation based image denoising model of Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi has been generalized and modified in many ways in the literature; one of these modifications is to use the L 1 norm as the fidelity term. We study the interesting consequences of this modification, especially from the point of view of geometric properties of its solutions. It turns out to have interesting new implications for data driven scale selection and multiscale image decomposition.
Cardiovascular and dementia risk scores and their association with dementia‐related biomarkers in a memory clinic population (2021)

Abstract Background Risk scores for dementia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predict dementia development, but their link to underlying brain pathology remains unclear. This study explored the cross‐sectional associations between well‐validated CVD and dementia risk scores and dementia‐related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and imaging markers in memory clinic patients without dementia, Method The study population consisted of 207 patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment from the Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging, Memory Clinic, who had CSF (Aβ42, phosphorylated tau, total tau, neurofilament light chain NfL), visual MRI ratings (medial temporal lobe atrophy MTA, Fazekas for white matter lesions WML), and available clinical data to calculate risk scores. CVD risk score (FINRISK) was calculated for all patients; data for the CAIDE Dementia Risk Score (with and without APOE) were available for a subsample (N=88). The associations between risk scores and biomarkers were analyzed with linear regression (zero‐skewness log‐transformed CSF biomarkers as dependent variables) and ordinal regression (MTA and WML ratings as dependent variables). Risk scores were categorized into 3 similar‐sized groups (lower‐, intermediate‐, and higher‐risk groups; lower‐risk group used as reference), Result Higher FINRISK score and CAIDE score (with APOE) were associated with lower levels of CSF Aβ42 (coefficients in the higher‐risk groups ‐0.05, p=0.02 for FINRISK and ‐0.08, p=0.04 for CAIDE). Higher CAIDE score (with APOE) was also associated with a lower CSF Aβ42/p‐tau ratio (coefficient ‐0.03, p=0.03 in the higher‐risk group). With respect to neuronal injury markers, a higher risk of CVD and dementia was associated with higher CSF NfL levels (coefficients in the higher‐risk groups 0.58, p<0.001 for FINRISK; 0.38, p=0.001 for CAIDE; 0.34, p=0.005 for CAIDE with APOE). Furthermore, higher‐risk patients had more pronounced MTA (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.5 for FINRISK; OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.4 for CAIDE), and WML (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.5 for FINRISK), Conclusion Having a higher risk of CVD or dementia was associated with several dementia‐related CSF and imaging markers. Follow‐up studies are needed to explore the utility of different risk scores in assessing risk of cognitive decline and disease progression in memory clinic patients.
Autoimmune Gastro-Pancreatitis with Anti-Protein Disulfide Isomerase-Associated 2 Autoantibody in Aire-Deficient BALB/cAnN Mice (2013)

Although the autoimmune regulator (Aire) knockout (KO) mouse model has been reported to present various organ-specific autoimmune diseases depending on genetic background, autoimmune pancreatitis in mice of BALB/c background has not yet been reported. Here, we report that Aire KO mice with BALB/cAnN background showed significant lymphoid cell infiltration in the pancreas and stomach. To examine whether the phenotype in the pancreas and stomach is due to autoimmune reaction associated with autoantibody production, indirect immunofluorescence staining followed by Western blot analysis was performed. Consequently, the autoantibody against pancreas and stomach was detected in the sera of Aire KO mice, and the target antigen of the autoantibody was identified as protein disulfide isomerase-associated 2 (Pdia2), which was reported to be expressed preferentially in the pancreas and stomach. Thus, Aire KO mice of BALB/cAnN background can serve as a useful animal model for autoimmune gastro-pancreatitis with anti-Pdia2 autoantibody production.
Increased blocking activity of combined tachykinin NK<sub>1</sub>‐ and NK<sub>2</sub>‐receptor antagonists on tachykinergic bronchomotor responses in the guinea‐pig (2003)

1. The present study compared the effect of the administration of tachykinin NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonists alone and in combination on exogenous and endogenous tachykinin-induced contractions using three different guinea-pig airway preparations: isolated bronchus, isolated perfused lung and in vivo. 2. In the isolated bronchi, the tachykinin NK1-receptor antagonist CP 99994 (0.01-1 microM) produced concentration-dependent inhibition of contractions induced the tachykinin NK1-receptor agonists substance P (SP) and [Met-OMe11] SP ([Met-OMe11]SP), whereas the tachykinin NK2-receptor antagonist SR 48968 (0.1 microM) had no effect. SR 48968 (0.001-0.01 microM) concentration-dependently inhibited contractions induced by the tachykinin NK2-receptor agonists neurokinin A (NKA) and [beta-Ala8]-neurokinin A (4-10) ([betaAla8]-NKA) whereas CP 99994 (0.1 microM) did not inhibit the contractions. The contractile activity of capsaicin, an agent that releases endogenous tachykinins from sensory C-fibres, was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by SR 48968 (0.001-0.03 microM) but not by CP 99994 (0.1 microM). Combination of CP 99994 and SR 48968 caused increased inhibitory effects on the concentration-response curves to SP, [Met-OMe1l]SP, NKA, [beta-Ala8]-NKA and capsaicin. 3. In isolated perfused lungs, SR 48968 concentration (0.01-10 microM) dependently inhibited NKA-, [beta-Ala8]-NKA- and capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction whereas CP 99994 (30 microM) had no effect on SP-, NKA-, [beta-Ala8]-NKA- and capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction. Combination of inactive concentrations of CP 99994 and SR 48968 produced an increased inhibitory effect on all previous stimuli-induced bronchoconstriction. 4. In in vivo guinea-pig studies, intravenous and oral pretreatment with SR 48968 (0.01-1 mg kg(-1) i.v. and 0.1-3 mg kg(-1) p.o., respectively), but not with CP 99994 (1 mg kg(-1) i.v. and 0.3-30 mg kg(-1) p.o., respectively), produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the bronchoconstrictor responses induced by NKA, [beta-Ala8]-NKA and capsaicin. CP 99994 intravenously (0.3 mg kg(-1)) and orally (3-10 mg kg(-1)) inhibited SP-induced bronchoconstriction only. Intravenous and oral low dose combinations of CP 99994 and SR 48968 produced an increased inhibition of SP-, NKA-, [beta-Ala8]-NKA- and capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction, respectively. The present data indicate that combined tachykinin NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonist treatment compared with single antagonist treatment, using CP 99994 and SR 48968, produced an augmented blockade of tachykinin NK1-, NK2- and capsaicin-mediated contractions in guinea pig airways. These findings support the hypothesis that a dual NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonist may provide an advantage over single activity tachykinin NK1- or NK2-receptor antagonists in pulmonary obstructive diseases.
Kinetics of cholesterol gallstone dissolution by glycocheno-, glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid, and mixtures of both in vitro. (1981)

Cheno- and ursodeoxycholic acid feeding are both efficient in conservative gallstone therapy. Urso decreases biliary cholesterol excretion even more than cheno. Glyco-urso becomes dose dependent the predominant bile acid conjugate in bile under urso feeding. We therefore studied the kinetics of cholesterol gallstone dissolution in aqueous solutions of 100 mM glyco-cheno, 100 mM glyco-urso, and mixtures of both consisting of 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno and 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno in vitro. The daily dissolution rates of cholesterol achieved by these solutions were for 100 mM glyco-cheno 0.87 +/- 0.1 mg (mean +/- SEM), for 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno 0.28 +/- 0.003 mg, for 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno 0.07 +/- 0.002 mg, and for 100 mM glyco-urso 0.07 +/- 0.03 mg. Correspondingly were the weight decreases of the gallstones by 100 mM glyco-cheno 1.2 +/- 0.1 mg/day, by 40 mM glyco-urso plus 60 mM glyco-cheno 0.3 +/- 0.01 mg/day, by 80 mM glyco-urso plus 20 mM glyco-cheno 0.11 +/- 0.02 mg/day, and by 100 mM glyco-urso 0.1 +/- 0.02 mg/day. Complete gallstone dissolution occurred during the observation time of 4 months only by 100 mM glyco-cheno in 12.8 +/- 3.3 weeks. Thus glyco-urso dissolves only little cholesterol and decreases the speed of cholesterol gallstone dissolution. It is concluded that high doses of urso in gallstone therapy which lead to great amounts of glyco-urso in bile may diminish gallstone dissolution rates.
Immunity to the alpha(1,3)galactosyl epitope provides protection in mice challenged with colon cancer cells expressing alpha(1,3)galactosyl-transferase: a novel suicide gene for cancer gene therapy. (2003)

Human immunity to alpha(1,3)Galactosyl epitopes (alpha Gal) may provide the means for a successful cancer gene therapy that uses the immune system to identify and to destroy tumor cells expressing the suicide gene alpha(1,3)Galactosyltransferase (alpha GT). Innate antibody specific for cell surface alpha Gal constitutes a high percentage of circulating IgG and IgM immunoglobulins in humans and is the basis for complement-mediated hyperacute xenograft rejection and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In humans, the gene for alpha GT is mutated, and cells do not express the alpha Gal moiety. We hypothesized that human tumor cells induced to express the alpha Gal epitope would be killed by the hosts' innate immunity. Previous in vitro work by our group has demonstrated complement-mediated lysis of alpha Gal-transduced human tumor cells in culture by human serum. To induce antibodies to alpha Gal in this in vivo study, alpha GT knockout mice were used to determine whether immunization with alpha Gal could provide protection from challenge with alpha Gal-expressing murine MC38 colon cancer cells. Knockout mice were immunized either a single time, or twice, with rabbit RBC. Antibody titers to alpha Gal measured by indirect ELISA were significantly higher in mice immunized twice and approached the titers observed in human serum. Anti-alpha Gal antibodies were predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG3 subtype. Immunized knockout mice were challenged i.p. with varying doses of alpha Gal(+) MC38 colon carcinoma cells. Nonimmunized control groups consisting of alpha GT knockout mice, and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were challenged as well with MC38 cells. Immunized mice survived and exhibited slower tumor development in comparison to nonimmunized knockout and control mice. This study demonstrates, in vivo, the protective benefit of an immune response to the alpha Gal epitope. Our results provide a basis to pursue additional development of this cancer gene therapy strategy.
C-O Bond Formation by Direct Addition of Methyl Radicals to Surface Oxygen on Rh(111) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC-O Bond Formation by Direct Addition of Methyl Radicals to Surface Oxygen on Rh(111)C. W. J. Bol and C. M. FriendCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 30, 8053–8054Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00135a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00135a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kernel: A RDB-Based Object Persistence Component Set for Java (2008)

Existing O/R mapping based object persistence technologies for Java programming, such as Hibernate and iBATIS, donpsilat realize transparency of relational model to developers. This makes Java developers work with both object model and relational model at the same time. As a result, the mapping of these two different models has to be maintained manually. This gives rise to higher complexity and hence higher cost as well as obstacle to quality control. Kernel is an object persistence component set for Java programming. It realizes object persistence in software development with Java and RDBMS. Kernel components provide object-oriented programming interfaces which enable developers to define persistent object without dealing with database table definitions, and implement object-oriented query without having to know the schema of relational database which actually stores the data. By accomplishing the above features, Kernel realizes relational model transparency to developers, and thus unifies software models better. This simplifies software development with Java and relational database, and improves software process as well as software quality. A case study which shows Kernelpsilas features is also involved here.
Introduction (1997)

Abstract This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about biologically plausible neural networks. This book introduces the operation of several fundamental types of neural networks, including pattern associators, autoassociators, competitive networks, and multilayer backpropagation. It describes real neural networks in several brain systems and provides an indication of the different techniques in neuroscience and neurocomputation that will continue to need to be combined for further rapid progress in understanding how parts of the brain work.
Enhancement of the Longitudinal Kerr Magneto-Optic Effect in Thin Films (1970)

This paper reports on the observation of substantial rotation and reflection enhancements with thin magnetic films evaporated on the base of high index prisms with films of suitable index on only the air side of the magnetic thin film. Angles of incidence at the prism-magnetic thin-film interface were near the critical angle for total internal reflection. The magnetic film thickness and the thicknesses and indices of the dielectrics were obtained with the help of a computer program which calculated the reflection coefficients as well as the Kerr rotations and energy mode transfer. Enhancements of rsp up to a factor of 20 were obtained.
Colchicine as First-Choice Therapy for Recurrent Pericarditis (2005)

Colchicine therapy led to a clinically important and statistically significant benefit over conventional treatment, decreasing the recurrence rate in patients with a first episode of recurrent pericarditis.
An Analytical Approach for Evaluating Sales Territory Performance (1972)

The authors outline a promising analytical approach to the evaluation of performance in sales territories and the establishment of benchmarks for future sales territory performance.
Dynamics of Translation of Single mRNA Molecules In Vivo (2016)

Regulation of mRNA translation, the process by which ribosomes decode mRNAs into polypeptides, is used to tune cellular protein levels. Currently, methods for observing the complete process of translation from single mRNAs in vivo are unavailable. Here, we report the long-term (>1 hr) imaging of single mRNAs undergoing hundreds of rounds of translation in live cells, enabling quantitative measurements of ribosome initiation, elongation, and stalling. This approach reveals a surprising heterogeneity in the translation of individual mRNAs within the same cell, including rapid and reversible transitions between a translating and non-translating state. Applying this method to the cell-cycle gene Emi1, we find strong overall repression of translation initiation by specific 5' UTR sequences, but individual mRNA molecules in the same cell can exhibit dramatically different translational efficiencies. The ability to observe translation of single mRNA molecules in live cells provides a powerful tool to study translation regulation.
Tumour‐derived prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>and transforming growth factor‐β synergize to inhibit plasmacytoid dendritic cell‐derived interferon‐α (2009)

In previous studies we reported that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) infiltrating head and neck cancer tissue are functionally impaired, but the molecular basis for the functional deficiency remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that tumour-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) increase interleukin-8 (IL-8) but synergistically inhibit interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)- and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-stimulated PDC. The inhibitory effect of PGE(2) could be mimicked by the induction of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase. The contribution of tumour-derived TGF-beta was confirmed by the TGF-beta antagonist SB-431542. Suppression of tumour-derived PGE(2) and TGF-beta restored TLR-induced IFN-alpha production of PDC. Additionally, PGE(2)- and TGF-beta-treated PDC display a 'tolerogenic' phenotype because of a downregulation of CD40 accompanied by an upregulation of CD86. Finally, in TLR-stimulated PDC, PGE(2) and TGF-beta reduce the CCR7:CXCR4 ratio, suggesting that PDC are impaired in their ability to migrate to tumour-draining lymph nodes but are retained in stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)-expressing tissues. Based on these data, cyclooxygenase inhibitors and TGF-beta antagonists may improve TLR7- and TLR9-based tumour immunotherapy.
Assessment of object-based video compression for epilepsy monitoring (2002)

Simultaneous recording of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and video is often conducted during the evaluation of patients with seizures. This recording often lasts for several days, resulting in a tremendous amount of data. We have investigated an object based video compression method specifically tailored to epilepsy monitoring. Our data indicate that this method out-performs the conventional video compression method by a wide margin.
FingerFlux (2011)

We introduce FingerFlux, an output technique to generate near-surface haptic feedback on interactive tabletops. Our system combines electromagnetic actuation with permanent magnets attached to the user's hand. FingerFlux lets users feel the interface before touching, and can create both attracting and repelling forces. This enables applications such as reducing drifting, adding physical constraints to virtual controls, and guiding the user without visual output. We show that users can feel vibration patterns up to 35 mm above our table, and that FingerFlux can significantly reduce drifting when operating on-screen buttons without looking.