gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 0.5- mu m BiCMOS technology for logic and 4 Mbit-class SRAMs (2003)

The authors describe a 0.5- mu m BiCMOS technology for high-performance logic and SRAMs (static RAMs) which is capable of supporting 5-V hot-carrier-hard circuit designs. In these designs the maximum drain-to-source voltage across a 0.5- mu m NMOS device is restricted to 4 V to ensure hot carrier reliability using 12-nm gate oxide. However, for the bipolar device, isolation and longer channel MOS devices, the process is required to support 5 V. For a 5-V supply voltage, the capacitive load drive factor for a BiCMOS NAND gate is 160 ps/pF, which is 30% smaller than the load drive factor for the same basic design gate built using an 0.8- mu m process with 20-nm gate oxide. The authors also discuss how a vertical NMOS driver transistor and a polysilicon PMOS load device are integrated into the 0.5- mu m BiCMOS process. The addition of these components permits a 23- mu m/sup 2/ stacked 6-T CMOS SRAM cell to be realized, suitable for 4-Mb-class BiCMOS SRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanism of amine catalyzed isomerization of itaconic anhydride to citraconic anhydride: Citraconamic acid formation (1981)

Abstract The amine catalyzed isomerization of itaconic to citraconic anhydride has been investigated. Studies show that the rate of isomerization is dependent on the base strength and solvent media. Triethylamine causes complete isomerization within 5 min at room temperature in acetone or chloroform solvent, whereas aromatic tertiary amines such as pyridine and N , N ‐dimethylaniline require time perods as long as 23h at room temperature for almost complete isomerization. In the presence of aniline no isomerization occures even under acetone reflux conditions over a 24 h period. For the preparation of citraconamic acids from itaconic anhydrides and aliphatic diamines nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopic evidence is presented to support the reaction path of initial isomerization of itaconic anhydride to citraconic anhydride followed by amine attack on the anhydride to form the corresponding cis ‐citraconamic acids. The mechanism of isomerization of itaconic to citraconic acids is proposed.
1 W/mm RF power density at 3.2 GHz for a dual-layer RESURF LDMOS transistor (2002)

We present state-of-the-art performance, in terms of output power density, for an RF-power LDMOS transistor. The novel device structure has a dual-layer RESURF of the drift region, which allows for a sub-μm channel length and a high breakdown voltage of 110 V. The output power density is more than 2 W/mm at 1 GHz and a V/sub DS/=70 V, with a stable gain of 23 dB at V/sub DS/=50 V. At 3.2 GHz the power density is over 1 W/mm at V/sub DS/=50 V and 0.6 W/mm at V/sub DS/=28 V. These results are to our knowledge the best ever for silicon power MOSFETs.
Dynamic Wireless Charging for Inspection Robots Based on Decentralized Energy Pickup Structure (2017)

To deal with the problems of charging for inspection robots in substations such as frequent charging, complex mechanical interface, and insufficient battery capacity, a dynamic wireless charging system is proposed. The structure design of energy pickup device and the indispensable positioning strategy is presented in this paper. First, the dynamic wireless charging systems based on centralized energy pickup and decentralized energy pickup (DEP) are investigated and the unified circuit model is built for two kinds of systems simultaneously. Based on the comparison of working performances, the DEP structure is selected as the pickup device in this paper. Then, the positioning scheme is realized based on imitative relaying coil structure including the DEP device and the additional sensor coil. A switching control strategy of the segmented transmitting coils is proposed further to implement the dynamic wireless charging for inspection robots. The theoretical analyses are validated by the relevant experiments.
The current trends and future perspectives of prebiotics research: a review (2012)

Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth of bifidogenic and lactic acid bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract. Typically, the prebiotics consist of dietary fibers and oligosaccharides. Prebiotics exert a plethora of health-promoting effects, owing to which multi million food and pharma industries have been established. Prebiotics are being implicated in starter culture formulation, gut health maintenance, colitis prevention, cancer inhibition, immunopotentiaton, cholesterol removal, reduction of cardiovascular disease, prevention of obesity and constipation, bacteriocin production, use in fishery, poultry, pig, cattle feed and pet food. Looking at the ever-increasing demand of prebiotics, in this review, recent trends in prebiotic production from new novel sources, from food industrial wastes, prebiotic supplementation in food, commercially available prebiotic agents, prebiotic production by various techniques and future perspectives has been discussed. The critical insight into this hot research area aims to stimulate further ponderance.
Nano Effects of Helium Plasma Treatment Carbon Nanotubes Coating Basalt Filament (2009)

The plasticity of APPJ treatment on microstructure and tensile deformation of carbon nanotube coating basalt fiber in the dynamic states was investigated by specialized tensile testing at room temperature. With the addition of low-temperature helium plasma treatment, Young's modulus and yield stress changed. It was found that micro-structural parameter such as the activation volume was important descriptors for carbon nanotube coating basalt fiber and inter-phase effect on strength. The different APPJ treatments on the carbon nanotube coating basalt fiber showed the change rate sensitivity. Results revealed that APPJ treatment carbon nanotube coating basalt fiber and the inter-phase would enhance the ductility of basalt at room temperature. From the SEM micrographs, an increase in surface roughness has been observed and the degree of fibrillation decreased after helium and oxygen plasma treatment. Contact angle analysis showed taht the treated Basalt filament had lower contact angles than the untreated one. Based on FTIR results, the change of wettability and surface energy depended the amount of polar functional groups on the fiber surface introduced by the treatments.
Positive feedback between NF-κB and TNF-α promotes leukemia-initiating cell capacity (2014)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy that originates from leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). The identification of common mechanisms underlying LIC development will be important in establishing broadly effective therapeutics for AML. Constitutive NF-κB pathway activation has been reported in different types of AML; however, the mechanism of NF-κB activation and its importance in leukemia progression are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed myeloid leukemia mouse models to assess NF-κB activity in AML LICs. We found that LICs, but not normal hematopoietic stem cells or non-LIC fractions within leukemia cells, exhibited constitutive NF-κB activity. This activity was maintained through autocrine TNF-α secretion, which formed an NF-κB/TNF-α positive feedback loop. LICs had increased levels of active proteasome machinery, which promoted the degradation of IκBα and further supported NF-κB activity. Pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome complex markedly suppressed leukemia progression in vivo. Conversely, enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling expanded LIC frequency within leukemia cell populations. We also demonstrated a strong correlation between NF-κB activity and TNF-α secretion in human AML samples. Our findings indicate that NF-κB/TNF-α signaling in LICs contributes to leukemia progression and provide a widely applicable approach for targeting LICs.
Incidence of the Aerobactin Iron Uptake System Among Escherichia coli Isolates From Infections of Farm Animals (1987)

To assess the importance of aerobactin-mediated iron uptake as a bacterial virulence determinant in animal infections, a total of 576 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from cattle, chickens, sheep and pigs were screened by colony hybridization to determine the presence of the aerobactin genetic determinants, and by a bioassay to detect aerobactin secretion in iron-limited conditions. Results obtained by the two complementary methods correlated well. The incidence of the aerobactin system was very high among septicaemia isolates, particularly those from cattle and chickens, an observation that strongly suggests an important role for this mechanism of iron assimilation in pathogenesis. On the other hand, the incidence of the aerobactin system among mastitis strains was not significantly higher than among faecal isolates from healthy animals. No classical enterotoxigenic E. coli strains tested carried the aerobactin genetic determinants. Although most strains that produced aerobactin were also able to make colicin V, the fact that the two characteristics existed separately in a significant minority of isolates suggested that colicin testing alone could not be reliably used to determine the presence of the aerobactin system.
Synthesis of Rhodamines from Fluoresceins Using Pd-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling (2011)

A unified, convenient, and efficient strategy for the preparation of rhodamines and N,N'-diacylated rhodamines has been developed. Fluorescein ditriflates were found to undergo palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling with amines, amides, carbamates, and other nitrogen nucleophiles to provide direct access to known and novel rhodamine derivatives, including fluorescent dyes, quenchers, and latent fluorophores.
Online credit card fraud against small businesses (2005)

While the online retailing environment has provided businesses with an unparalleled opportunity to expand and improve their profits, it has also increased the vulnerability of businesses to online credit card fraud. This report presents findings of an empirical study of the risks faced by Australian small businesses when they trade online. The study was based on telephone interviews with 1,078 small businesses in five business types across Australia in April 2003. It investigated proportions of online retailers within each business type, the prevalence of online credit card fraud among these retailers, repeat victimisation, reporting to the police, financial losses due to online credit card fraud, knowledge about financial liability from online credit card fraud, preventive strategies used, and attitudes toward financial institutions. The report also includes recommendations for fraud prevention measures and better online trading practices. The findings of the study are intended to be of use to businesses that are currently retailing online, or contemplating online trade, as well as a resource for policy-makers and researchers.
Mechanism of the Effect of Interface Structure on the Abrasion Performance of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (2011)

Abrasion performance is an important performance parameter of polycrystalline diamond compact. This paper focuses on the research for test method of PDC abrasion performance. With the improvement method, the abrasion performance of PDC with five typical macroscopic interface structure such as planar structure, v-groove, u-groove, ring groove, ring claw-tooth are tested at normal temperature and after heating, With SEM, we study on its mechanism of abrasion performance due to different macroscopic interfaces structure, analyze the reason why PDC abrasion performance is different with the changing of PDC macroscopic interface structure. The research result shows that the temperature influenced the wear property and the anti-impact property of PDC obviously. In the same technological conditions, the interfacial structure of the PDC layer and WC-Co substrate has little influence on the abrasion performance, and the diamond and grains can sinter better, causing the excellent abrasion performance of PDC.
Plasma renin concentration: comparison of angiotensinase inhibitors and correlation with plasma renin activity and aldosterone. (1974)

Abstract There are wide variations between laboratories in the results obtained for the estimation of the renin content of plasma. Much of this is due to the many different methods employed for inhibiting angiotensinases. In comparing those different methods in the context of a plasma renin concentration assay, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride was found to be superior to dimercaprol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and acidification in preserving angiotensin I. In the presence of adequate angiotensinase inhibition there was an excellent correlation between plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration determined in plasma from 30 male hypertensive patients with low or normal levels of renin. The plasma renin concentration assay method can also be used for samples with high levels of renin. Plasma renin concentration and plasma renin activity correlated equally well with plasma aldosterone. This suggests that in routine clinical screening the plasma renin activity assay gives adequate information and the more complex plasma renin concentration assay need not be done unless aberrations in renin substrate, which could be responsible for dissociation of renin concentration from renin activity, are suspected.
Femtosecond Pulse Delivery through Long Multimode Fiber Using Adaptive Pulse Synthesis (2006)

We report on a delivery technique for 164-fs optical pulses with a peak power of 1.1 kW through a long multimode optical fiber and a glass block using an adaptive pulse-shaping feedback loop. We used two devices to optimize the input pulse; a pulse stretcher and a pulse shaper. 382-ps chirped pulses are compressed to 370-fs pulses at the output end of a glass block joined to a standard graded-index multimode fiber, 96 m in length and with a core diameter of 50 µm (the output end of the system). The adaptive pulse shaper compensates for the remaining high-order phase dispersion, which results in 164-fs pulses at the output end of the system. Our work shows that an adaptive pulse synthesis technique provides a powerful and convenient technique for programmable fiber dispersion compensation over a broad optical bandwidth.
9-n-Propyl- and 9-n-Butyl-phenanthrene (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT9-n-Propyl- and 9-n-Butyl-phenanthreneG. B. Bachman and R. I. HoaglinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 2, 621Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01847a501https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01847a501research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of fisheye on visualizing connections between nodes (2005)

It is important for analysts to realize the connection between two distant nodes in a graph, which is not readily supported by existing space-filling techniques. We developed an experimental prototype, FocusTree, which displays graphs in two view modes: fisheye or tree. In fisheye view, selected nodes and the nodes connecting them remained full-sized while the other nodes were reduced in size. In tree view, all nodes remained the same size, regardless of selection state. We conducted a study to compare the speed of participants using the fisheye view to the tree view when determining the number of links between two nodes. There were two states for the degree of separation in the tasks: simple (four links) and complex (eight links). Results showed a main effect for view type with fisheye view being significantly faster than tree view for determining the connection between two nodes.
Using Logistic Regression to Identify New “At-Risk” Freshmen (1999)

ABSTRACT Retention and graduation rates at institutions of higher education receive a great deal of attention from a wide range of constituents. The search to identify students who are attrition risks early in their collegiate careers often is elusive. More often, practitioners rely on the random initiation of program strategies aimed at improving retention and graduation rates without any viable research base. To address this issue, a logit model was developed using historical data to identify characteristics inherent in a student's decision to withdraw from college. Once the model was derived, predicted probabilities of retention for an incoming class were computed.
Role for T lymphocytes in silica-induced pulmonary inflammation. (1989)

The role of the immune system in modulating pulmonary damage evoked by exposure to silica crystals has been examined in a mouse model of experimental silicosis. Congenitally T cell-deficient mice (Balb/c nu/nu) were compared with T cell sufficient mice (Balb/c nu/+) in the degree of silica-induced cellular inflammation on days 3, 5, 7, 30, and 60 after an intratracheal instillation of silica. Cellular inflammation was assessed by increases in the total number and type of inflammatory cell in lung lavage fluid and in lung tissue. Inflammation and/or injury were also measured in the lavage fluid by increases in total protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme and plasminogen activator. No significant difference existed between the two types of mice in total lavage cell number or total protein. In nu/+ mice, the neutrophil predominated early, followed by the macrophage as the major inflammatory cell. However, in nu/nu mice, the neutrophil remained the predominant inflammatory cell throughout the two months postinjection. In addition, angiotensin-converting enzyme levels remained elevated in the nu/nu animals above those in the nu/+ mice whereas plasminogen activator was elevated early (before day 7) in both, and decreased comparably over time. These data suggest that T cells directly or indirectly influence the maintenance of a macrophage infiltrate and the termination of a neutrophil response after exposure to silica. However, it appears that neither T cells nor the cells they influence affect the ultimate amount of collagen deposition.
The changing pattern of Australian television (1985)

Few people have been closer observers of the way our television tastes have changed over the years than Mr Ian Muir. Now chief executive of McNair Anderson and Associates, in 1982 he wrote a Master's thesis at the University of NSW on the Changing Role of Sydney Television with Particular Reference to Entertainment, News and Information. In this interview by John Hill, Muir talks about the change from radio format television of the 50s and the effect of the government's points system on Australian programming. He also looks at the ABC and the difficulties it faces in trying to attract a larger percentage of viewers.
Effective End-to-end Unsupervised Outlier Detection via Inlier Priority of Discriminative Network (2019)

Despite the wide success of deep neural networks (DNN), little progress has been made on end-to-end unsupervised outlier detection (UOD) from high dimensional data like raw images. In this paper, we propose a framework named E^3Outlier, which can perform UOD in a both effective and end-to-end manner: First, instead of the commonly-used autoencoders in previous end-to-end UOD methods, E^3Outlier for the first time leverages a discriminative DNN for better representation learning, by using surrogate supervision to create multiple pseudo classes from original unlabelled data. Next, unlike classic UOD that utilizes data characteristics like density or proximity, we exploit a novel property named inlier priority to enable end-to-end UOD by discriminative DNN. We demonstrate theoretically and empirically that the intrinsic class imbalance of inliers/outliers will make the network prioritize minimizing inliers' loss when inliers/outliers are indiscriminately fed into the network for training, which enables us to differentiate outliers directly from DNN's outputs. Finally, based on inlier priority, we propose the negative entropy based score as a simple and effective outlierness measure. Extensive evaluations show that E^3Outlier significantly advances UOD performance by up to 30% AUROC against state-of-the-art counterparts, especially on relatively difficult benchmarks.
Statistical Modeling and Simulation of Threshold Variation Under Random Dopant Fluctuations and Line-Edge Roughness (2010)

The threshold voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) of a nanoscale transistor is severely affected by random dopant fluctuations and line-edge roughness. The analysis of these effects usually requires atomistic simulations which are too expensive in computation for statistical design. In this work, we develop an efficient SPICE simulation method and statistical variation model that accurately predict threshold variation as a function of dopant fluctuations and gate length change caused by lithography and the etching process. By understanding the physical principles of atomistic simulations, we: 1) identify the appropriate method to divide a nonuniform gate into slices in order to map those fluctuations into the device model; 2) extract the variation of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> from the strong-inversion region instead of the leakage current, benefiting from the linearity of the saturation current with respect to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ; 3) propose a compact model of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variation that is scalable with gate size and the amount of dopant and gate length fluctuations; and 4) investigate the interaction with non-rectangular gate (NRG) and reverse narrow width effect (RNWE). The proposed SPICE simulation method is validated with atomistic simulation results. Given the post-lithography gate geometry, this approach correctly models the variation of device output current in all operating regions. Based on the new results, we further project the amount of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variation at advanced technology nodes, helping shed light on the challenges of future robust circuit design.