gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme Cascade for Catalyzing Sucrose Oxidation in a Biofuel Cell (2013)

Biofuel cells provide a safe and renewable means of powering small electronic devices. In this work, we demonstrate a bioanode that is capable of extracting four electrons from a single molecule of sucrose by way of a three-enzyme cascade. Invertase, fructose dehydrogenase and glucose oxidase are immobilized in a ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI) hydrogel onto the surface of a carbon electrode. Fuel sources are generated in the polymer film by (1) hydrolyzing sucrose into fructose and glucose and then (2) electroenzymatically oxidizing fructose and glucose to produce a current response. A previously unreported synergistic effect is observed between glucose oxidase and fructose dehydrogenase that results in a current response that is considerably higher than expected. The newly described enzyme cascade generated 302 ± 57 μA/cm2 at 25 °C and 602 ± 62 μA/cm2 at 37 °C and when poised against an air breathing platinum cathode in a biofuel cell, the multienzyme-containing film generated 42 ± 15 μW/cm2 at 172 mV with a maximum current density of 344 ± 25 μA/cm2 in 100 mmol/L sucrose at 25 °C. This is the first example of an enzymatic biofuel cell that utilizes both fructose and glucose as oxidation fuel sources.
Radiobiologic effects of GS-nitroxide (JP4-039) on the hematopoietic syndrome. (2011)

JP4-039 (GS-Nitroxide) is a safe radiation mitigator in mice warranting studies in larger animals and potentially a Phase I Clinical Trial.
Considerations in the implementation of an adaptive transform coder for speech in a 16-bit fixed point arithmetic microprocessor (2005)

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm and an adaptive transform coder (ATC) for speech are implemented in a 16-bit fixed point arithmetic microprocessor. Appropriate normalization of the data at various stages of processing is shown to be important for proper operation of the transform and coder algorithms. Other departures from conventional procedures are outlined. Several male and female speakers take part in the evaluation of the speech coder. Recordings representative of the coder performance are presented.
Bioactive Labdane Diterpenoids from <i>Renealmia alpinia</i> Collected in the Suriname Rainforest (1997)

The preservation of tropical rainforests is an important goal both for the intrinsic value of their cultural and biological diversity as well as for the well-being of the peoples who make these forests their home. In addition, tropical forests are potential sources of new pharmaceutical products that can only be found by chemical prospecting in Nature's genetically encoded combinatorial library. As part of an effort to integrate biodiversity conservation and drug discovery with economic development, we have initiated a collaborative program to discover potential pharmaceuticals in the rainforest of Suriname. The plant Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae) was selected for investigation based on its ethnomedical use as a febrifuge, but testing in the yeast Sc-7 assay gave a positive response, indicative of cytotoxic activity. Using this bioassay, the two new labdane diterpenes, 11-hydroxy-8(17),12(E)-labdadien-15,16-dial 11,15-hemiacetal (1) and 16-oxo-8(17),12(E)-labdadien-15-oic acid (2), and the known diterpene, 8(17),12(E)-labdadien-15,16-dial (3), have been isolated. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR techniques (DEPT, COSY, HETCOR, HMBC, and NOESY) and IR, UV, and MS spectra, and the absolute stereochemistry of 1 was established by CD spectroscopy and by the formation and NMR analysis of α-methoxyphenylacetyl esters. The hemiacetal 1 was cytotoxic to M109 cells, with an IC50 value of 2.6 μg/mL.
Temperature dependence of the negative bias temperature instability in the framework of dispersive transport (2005)

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is studied in multiple-gate field-effect transistors with an ultrathin gate oxide. It is observed that the threshold voltage shift in these devices follows a power-law function of time, with the exponent depending linearly on temperature. An analytic model is proposed that explains this temperature dependence by dispersive diffusion of hydrogen in the bulk of the gate oxide. Based on both the experimental data and the model, it is concluded that NBTI is an inherently non-Arrhenius process.
Design and Implementation of CAN/FlexRay Gateway (2013)

In order to handle the data sharing between CAN(Controller Area Network) and FlexRay networks,a design scheme of CAN/FlexRay gateway is proposed.By analyzing and researching these two networks,a gateway processor-based hardware and software is designed and implemented.The interconnection between CAN and FlexRay networks has been achieved by CAN /FlexRay gateway which can share data between two different networks equipment.
Local Energy Pattern for Texture Classification Using Self-Adaptive Quantization Thresholds (2012)

Local energy pattern, a statistical histogram-based representation, is proposed for texture classification. First, we use normalized local-oriented energies to generate local feature vectors, which describe the local structures distinctively and are less sensitive to imaging conditions. Then, each local feature vector is quantized by self-adaptive quantization thresholds determined in the learning stage using histogram specification, and the quantized local feature vector is transformed to a number by N-nary coding, which helps to preserve more structure information during vector quantization. Finally, the frequency histogram is used as the representation feature. The performance is benchmarked by material categorization on KTH-TIPS and KTH-TIPS2-a databases. Our method is compared with typical statistical approaches, such as basic image features, local binary pattern (LBP), local ternary pattern, completed LBP, Weber local descriptor, and VZ algorithms (VZ-MR8 and VZ-Joint). The results show that our method is superior to other methods on the KTH-TIPS2-a database, and achieving competitive performance on the KTH-TIPS database. Furthermore, we extend the representation from static image to dynamic texture, and achieve favorable recognition results on the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) dynamic texture database.
Augmentation of fibroblast proliferation by bleomycin. (1986)

Bleomycin-induced lung disease is characterized by fibroblast proliferation and pulmonary fibrosis. In these studies, we demonstrate that fibroblasts are relatively resistant to clinically relevant amounts (below 10(-4) U/ml) of bleomycin and that these levels of bleomycin augment fibroblast proliferation in response to various fibroblast growth factors. These observations suggest that one mechanism by which bleomycin causes pulmonary fibrosis is augmentation of fibroblast proliferation.
Thermal expansion of polycrystalline diamond produced by chemical vapor deposition (1994)

The in-plane thermal expansion of thick freestanding polycrystalline diamond films produced by hot filament chemical vapor deposition was measured by dilatometry. Measurements were obtained from two different diamond wafers over a temperature range of −200 to +800 °C. Within experimental error of the measurements, values agree with those reported for natural single-crystal diamond. Quantification of the thermal expansion of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond is important for determining thermal stresses which will be encountered during deposition of diamond on various substrate materials and during use of diamond in various applications.
Reflection of light by composite volume holograms: Fresnel corrections and Fabry-Perot spectral filtering (2008)

Effects in composite volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) are studied theoretically and experimentally. The mathematics of reflection is formulated with a unified account of Fresnel reflections by the boundaries and of VBG reflection. We introduce the strength S of reflection by an arbitrary lossless element such that the intensity of reflection is R=tanh(2) S. We show that the ultimate maximum/minimum of reflection by a composite lossless system corresponds to addition/subtraction of relevant strengths of the sequential elements. We present a new physical interpretation of standard Fresnel reflection: strength for TE or for TM reflection is given by addition or by subtraction of two contributions. One of them is an angle-independent contribution of the impedance step, while the other is an angle-dependent contribution of the step of propagation speed. We study an assembly of two VBG mirrors with a thin immersion layer between them that constitutes a Fabry-Perot spectral filter. The transmission wavelength of the assembly depends on the phase shift between the two VBGs. Spectral resolution Deltalambda(FWHM)=25 pm at lambda=1063.4 nm is achieved with the device of small total physical thickness 2L=5.52 mm.
Molecular aspects of healing in stabilized and non‐stabilized fractures (2001)

Bone formation is a continuous process that is initiated during fetal development and persists in adults in the form of bone regeneration and remodeling. These latter two aspects of bone formation are clearly influenced by the mechanical environment. In this study we tested the hypothesis that alterations in the mechanical environment regulate the program of mesenchymal cell differentiation, and thus the formation of a cartilage or bony callus, at the site of injury. As a first step in testing this hypothesis we produced stabilized and non-stabilized tibial fractures in a mouse model, then used molecular and cellular methods to examine the stage of healing. Using the "molecular map" of the fracture callus, we divided our analyzes into three phases of fracture healing: the inflammatory or initial phase of healing, the soft callus or intermediate stage, and the hard callus stage. Our results show that indian hedgehog(ihh), which regulates aspects of chondrocyte maturation during fetal and early postnatal skeletogenesis, was expressed earlier in an non-stabilized fracture callus as compared to a stabilized callus. ihh persisted in the non-stabilized fracture whereas its expression was down-regulated in the stabilized bone. IHH exerts its effects on chondrocyte maturation through a feedback loop that may involve bone morphogenetic protein 6 [bmp6; (S. Pathi, J.B. Rutenberg, R.L. Johnson, A. Vortkamp, Developmental Biology 209 (1999) 239-253)] and the transcription factor gli3. bmp6 and gli3 were re-induced in domain adjacent to the ihh-positive cells during the soft and hard callus stages of healing. Thus, stabilizing the fracture, which circumvents or decreases the cartilaginous phase of bone repair, correlates with a decrease in ihh signaling in the fracture callus. Collectively, our results illustrate that the ihh signaling pathway participates in fracture repair, and that the mechanical environment affects the temporal induction of ihh, bmp6 and gli3. These data support the hypothesis that mechanical influences affect mesenchymal cell differentiation to bone.
Construction of a silicon-based solid state quantum computer (2001)

We discuss progress towards the fabrication and demonstration of a prototype silicon-based quantum computer. The devices are based on a precise array of 31P dopants embedded in 28Si. Fabrication is being pursued via two complementary pathways – a ‘top-down’ approach for near-term production of few-qubit demonstration devices and a ‘bottom-up’ approach for large-scale qubit arrays. The ‘top-down’ approach employs ion implantation through a multi-layer resist structure which serves to accurately register the donors to metal control gates and single-electron transistor (SET) read-out devices. In contrast the ‘bottom-up’ approach uses STM lithography and epitaxial silicon overgrowth to construct devices at an atomic scale. Techniques for qubit read-out, which utilise coincidence measurements on novel twin-SET devices, are also presented.
Automatic Synthesis of Fault Detection Modules for Mobile Robots (2007)

In this paper, we present a new approach for automatic synthesis of fault detection modules for autonomous mobile robots. The method relies on the fact that hardware faults typically change the flow of sensory perceptions received by the robot and the subsequent behavior of the control program. We collect data from three experiments with real robots. In each experiment, we record all sensory inputs from the robots while they are operating normally and after software-simulated faults have been injected. We use back- propagation neural networks to synthesize task-dependent fault detection modules. The performance of the modules is evaluated in terms of false positives and latency.
Excitotoxic Death of Retinal Neurons<i>In Vivo</i>Occurs via a Non-Cell-Autonomous Mechanism (2009)

The central hypothesis of excitotoxicity is that excessive stimulation of neuronal NMDA-sensitive glutamate receptors is harmful to neurons and contributes to a variety of neurological disorders. Glial cells have been proposed to participate in excitotoxic neuronal loss, but their precise role is defined poorly. In this in vivo study, we show that NMDA induces profound nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in Müller glia but not in retinal neurons. Intriguingly, NMDA-induced death of retinal neurons is effectively blocked by inhibitors of NF-kappaB activity. We demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) protein produced in Müller glial cells via an NMDA-induced NF-kappaB-dependent pathway plays a crucial role in excitotoxic loss of retinal neurons. This cell loss occurs mainly through a TNFalpha-dependent increase in Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors on susceptible neurons. Thus, our data reveal a novel non-cell-autonomous mechanism by which glial cells can profoundly exacerbate neuronal death following excitotoxic injury.
Putative Genes Involved in Saikosaponin Biosynthesis in Bupleurum Species (2013)

Alternative medicinal agents, such as the herb Bupleurum, are increasingly used in modern medicine to supplement synthetic drugs. First, we present a review of the currently known effects of triterpene saponins-saikosaponins of Bupleurum species. The putative biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins in Bupleurum species is summarized, followed by discussions on identification and characterization of genes involved in the biosynthesis of saikosaponins. The purpose is to provide a brief review of gene extraction, functional characterization of isolated genes and assessment of expression patterns of genes encoding enzymes in the process of saikosaponin production in Bupleurum species, mainly B. kaoi. We focus on the effects of MeJA on saikosaponin production, transcription patterns of genes involved in biosynthesis and on functional depiction.
Fractalkine modulates TNF-? secretion and neurotoxicity induced by microglial activation (2000)

Among the chemokine family, fractalkine shows unusual properties: it exists as a membrane-bound and soluble protein, and both fractalkine and its receptor CX(3)CR1 are expressed predominantly in the central nervous system. In rat cell culture models, the chemokine fractalkine was expressed in neurons and microglia, but not in astrocytes and its receptor exclusively localized to microglial cells, where its expression was downregulated by treatment with the bacterial endotoxin (LPS). In microglial cultures, LPS (10 ng/ml) induced a marked increase in the release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The effects of LPS on TNF-alpha secretion were partially blocked (30%) by fractalkine and the effects of fractalkine were reversed by a polyclonal anti-fractalkine antibody. When microglial-associated fractalkine was neutralized by anti-fractalkine antibody, the LPS response was increased by 80%, suggesting tonic activation of microglial fractalkine receptors by endogenous fractalkine. The effects of the antibody were antagonized by the addition of fractalkine. LPS-activated microglia were neurotoxic when added to neuronal hippocampal culture, producing 20% neuronal death, as measured by NeuN-positive cell counting. An anti-fractalkine antibody produced neurotoxic effects of similar magnitude in this co-culture system and also markedly potentiated the neurotoxic effects of LPS-activated microglia (40% neuronal death). These results suggest that endogenous fractalkine might act tonically as an anti-inflammatory chemokine in cerebral tissue through its ability to control and suppress certain aspects of microglial activation. These data may have relevance to degenerative conditions such as multiple sclerosis, in which cerebral inflammatory processes may be activated.
Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumour: Correlation of Histopathology with Clinicopathologic Features (2011)

Ovarian steroid cell tumours (not otherwise specified) are rare neoplasms of the ovary and are classified under lipid cell tumours. Their diagnosis can be considered as one of exclusion. Histopathologically, the tumour should carefully be evaluated for microscopic features of malignancy, but it is essential for the clinician and the pathologist to remember that in these tumours, pathologically benign histomorphology does not exclude the possibility of clinically malignant behaviour. Our case study focuses on the comparative findings in a postmenopausal female diagnosed with an ovarian steroid tumour (not otherwise specified). A careful correlation between clinical and surgical evaluation and microscopic analysis is necessary, as is a regular followup.
(1125) - Selective Activation of Naturally Occurring Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) by the Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) BT-061. Markers of Clinical Activity and Early Phase II Results in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (2010)

Naturally occurring Tregs are essential for maintaining normal immune homeostasis in healthy individuals. In patients with autoimmune diseases reduced numbers or functional impairment of Tregs has been observed. A humanized agonistic mAb, BT-061 selectively activates Tregs. It binds to a unique epitope of the CD4 molecule, leading to induction of Treg specifi c signaling events. While freshly isolated and resting Tregs do not inhibit T cell proliferation, pre-treatment of Tregs with BT-061 leads to suppression of CD4 and CD8 T effector cell proliferation, reduction of pro-infl ammatory cytokines and a moderate increase in the anti-infl ammatory cytokine TGF-beta. To further assess the potential of BT-061 to modulate immune responses, in vitro studies with synovial fl uid derived mononuclear cells from patients with active RA were performed. Addition of BT-061 at concentrations between 0.01 and 50 micro g/mL to isolated CD4-positive cells derived from the highly infl ammatory milieu of RA synovial fl uid suppressed proliferation as well as IFN-gamma production following antigen-specifi c stimulation. In a Phase I/IIa trial in patients with psoriasis, a single dose of BT-061 resulted in PASI 50/75 responses for up to 90 days at doses of 0.5, 2.5, 10, 20 mg i.v. and 12.5, 25 mg s.c. A Phase IIa, multicenter, randomized placebo-controlled trial with BT-061 monotherapy was performed in 96 patients with active RA and inadequate responses to one or more traditional DMARD despite 3 months or more of treatment. Patients were randomized to 12 treatment groups: from 1.25-100 mg s.c, or 0.5-25 mg i.v, once weekly for 6 weeks: 6 patients received BT-061 and 2 received placebo in each group. Patients with any AEs (%) 8 (57%) 6 (60%) 4 (67%) 6 (100%) 2 (33%) 3 (50%) 3 (50%) 4 (67%) 4 (67%) 3 (50%) 3 (50%) 6 (100%) 4 (67%) 1 (17%) Patients with serious AEs 0 1 (10%) 0 2 (33%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Patients withdrawing due to AE 2 (14%) 3 (30%) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (17%) 1 (17%) 0 0 0 0 0 100
Prevalence of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> mutations in Jewish women with triple negative breast cancer (2008)

22002 Background: Approximately 10% of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) women with breast cancer (BC) carry one of three mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1 185delAG or 5382insC, BRCA2 6174delT). There is an association between BRCA1 mutations and ‘triple negative’ (TripNeg) phenotype (estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative, HER2 non- overexpressing). TripNeg is not over-represented in BRCA2-BC. We sought to determine the predictive value of the TripNeg phenotype for the presence of any BRCA mutation in a cohort of Jewish women ascertained without respect to family history (FH). Methods: DNA samples were collected between 8/2000 and 6/2004 from 495 Jewish women with BC(median age at diagnosis 57 years) treated at a single institution. Medical records were reviewed and samples annotated with limited clinical information. Patients were considered to be ER or PR negative if fewer than 10% of cells stained by IHC, and HER2 negative if they were 0–1+ by IHC or 2+ with FISH < 2.0. Samples were genotyped for AJ founder mutations. Results: 389 (78.6%) of patients were ER+, 280 (56.6%) were PR+, and 96 (19.4%) were ER-/PR-. Most patients (n=388, 78.4%) were HER2-. TripNeg phenotype was observed in 65 (13.1%). Founder mutations were detected in 52 samples (10.5%, BRCA1 in 5.5% (n=27), BRCA2 in 5.1% (n=25)). Compared to women without mutations (mut neg), BRCA1 mutation carriers (but not BRCA2 carriers) were younger at diagnosis (P <0.001) and more likely to have a family history of breast cancer (P = 0.004). BRCA1 carriers were more likely than mut neg women to be ER-/PR- (74% vs 16%, P < 0.001) and TripNeg (70.4% vs 9.8%, P<0.001). The positive predictive value (PPV) of TripNeg for a BRCA1 mutation was 29% overall, 48% in women diagnosed < 50 yrs, and 14% in women diagnosed ≥50. Although 24% of BRCA2-BC were TripNeg, BRCA2 carriers were not significantly more likely than non-carriers to be ER-/PR- or TripNeg. TripNeg phenotype was significantly associated with detecting a mutation in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, but only 25/52 (48%) mutation-associated cancers were TripNeg. Conclusion: TripNeg phenotype predicts for BRCA1 mutation, but many women with mutations do not have TripNeg disease. Overemphasis on TripNeg to select for genetic testing may lead to under-recognition of hereditary breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase-noise reduction in coherence-multiplexed interferometric fibre sensors (1986)

A method for the reduction of excess phase noise in coherence-multiplexed fibre sensors is described. The technique utilises diode laser frequency modulation to effect a frequency translation of the excess noise power. An improvement close to 40 dB in minimum detectable phase shift sensitivity is demonstrated using the technique.