gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of arylazoenamines. (1993)

The possibility to obtain new arylazoenamines endowed with antifungal activity was examined by reacting with acids the arylhydrazones of several keto- and aldo-tert, amines as dimethyl-3-aminoacetone, 3-quinuclidinone, 1-methyl-3-piperidone and 2-formyl-1-methylpyrrolidine. The reaction was successful only in the last two cases. From each 1-methyl-3-piperidone arylhydrazone two isomeric arylazoenamines were formed, which were identical with those obtained from the analogous arylhydrazone of 2-formyl-1-methylpyrrolidine. The structure of these compounds was settled on the ground of UV, IR, NMR and mass spectra and confirmed by means of X-ray analysis. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of arylazoenamines through the contraction of piperidine ring and enlargement of the pyrrolidinic one. The prepared compounds [3-arylazo-1-methyl-delta 2-piperideines 17 and 1-methyl-2(arylazo)methylene pyrrolidines 18 exhibited only a very weak antibacterial activity, but were moderately active against several Candida species and other yeast-like fungi.
The Type XIII Collagen Ectodomain Is a 150-nm Rod and Capable of Binding to Fibronectin, Nidogen-2, Perlecan, and Heparin (2002)

Type XIII collagen consists of a short N-terminal intracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a collagenous ectodomain, and it is found at many sites of cell adhesion. We report on the characterization of recombinant type XIII collagen. The shed ectodomain was purified from insect cell culture medium and shown to form 240-kDa trimers with a T(m) of 42 degrees C. Correct chain association into a triple-helical conformation was confirmed by limited pepsin digestion and CD spectroscopy. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy of the ectodomain revealed it to be a 150-nm rod with two flexible hinges separating 31-, 52-, and 68-nm portions. The rods represent the collagenous domains 1-3, and the hinges coincide with the non-collagenous domains 2 and 3. By using surface plasmon resonance analysis, the ectodomain showed interaction with immobilized fibronectin, nidogen-2, and perlecan with K(D) values in the nanomolar range. The binding sites of type XIII collagen for fibronectin were localized to the collagenous domains, whereas the binding activities for nidogen-2 and perlecan resided in the pepsin-sensitive portions of the ectodomain. Furthermore, the ectodomain bound significantly to heparin, which also inhibited shedding of the ectodomain in insect cell cultures. The results reveal that type XIII collagen is notably distinct in its structure compared with other cell-surface proteins, and the in vitro binding with fibronectin, heparin, and two basement membrane components is indicative of multiple cell-matrix interactions in which this ubiquitously expressed protein participates.
Physiologically Plausible Stochastic Nonlinear Kernel Models of Spike Train to Spike Train Transformation (2006)

Nonlinear kernel models are developed and estimated for the spike train transformation from hippocampal CA3 region to CA1 region. The physiologically plausible model structure consists of nonlinear feedforward kernels that model synaptic transmission and dendritic integration, a linear feedback kernel that models spike-triggered after potential, a threshold, an adder, and a noise term that assesses the system uncertainties. Model parameters are estimated using maximum-likelihood method. Model goodness-of-fit is evaluated using correlation measures and time-rescaling theorem. First order, linear model is shown to be insufficient. Second and third order nonlinear models can successfully predict the output spike distribution.
Purification and characterization of protease-resistant secretory granule proteoglycans containing chondroitin sulfate di-B and heparin-like glycosaminoglycans from rat basophilic leukemia cells. (1985)

Proteoglycans were extracted from nuclease-digested sonicates of 10(9) rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells by the addition of 0.1% Zwittergent 3-12 and 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and were purified by sequential CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation, DE52 ion exchange chromatography, and Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration chromatography under dissociative conditions. Between 0.3 and 0.8 mg of purified proteoglycan was obtained from approximately 1 g initial dry weight of cells with a purification of 200-800-fold. The purified proteoglycans had a hydrodynamic size range of Mr 100,000-150,000 and were resistant to degradation by a molar excess of trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, Pronase, papain, chymopapain, collagenase, and elastase. Amino acid analysis of the peptide core revealed a preponderance of Gly (35.4%), Ser (22.5%), and Ala (9.5%). Approximately 70% of the glycosaminoglycan side chains of RBL-1 proteoglycans were digested by chondroitinase ABC and 27% were hydrolyzed by treatment with nitrous acid. Sephadex G-200 chromatography of glycosaminoglycans liberated from the intact molecule by beta-elimination demonstrated that both the nitrous acid-resistant (chondroitin sulfate) and the chondroitinase ABC-resistant (heparin/heparan sulfate) glycosaminoglycans were of approximately Mr 12,000. Analysis of the chondroitin sulfate disaccharides in different preparations by amino-cyano high performance liquid chromatography revealed that 9-29% were the unusual disulfated disaccharide chondroitin sulfate di-B (IdUA-2-SO4----GalNAc-4-SO4); the remainder were the monosulfated disaccharide GlcUA----GalNAc-4-SO4. Subpopulations of proteoglycans in one preparation were separated by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography and were found to contain chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans whose disulfated disaccharides ranged from 9-49%. However, no segregation of subpopulations without both chondroitin sulfate di-B and heparin/heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans was achieved, suggesting that RBL-1 proteoglycans might be hybrids containing both classes of glycosaminoglycans. Sepharose CL-6B chromatography of RBL-1 proteoglycans digested with chondroitinase ABC revealed that less than 7% of the molecules in the digest chromatographed with the hydrodynamic size of undigested proteoglycans, suggesting that at most 7% of the proteoglycans lack chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Synthesis of Tetracyclic Heterocompounds as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators. Part 3. Development of an Acid-Catalyzed Racemization Process for (<i>S</i>)-2,8-(Dimethoxy)-5-{4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}−11,12-dihydro-<i>5H</i>-6,13-dioxabenzo[3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-<i>a</i>]naphthalene (2008)

A novel and economical process was developed for recycling the undesired enantiomer, (S)-2,8-dimethoxy-5-{4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}-11,12-dihydro-5H-6,13-dioxabenzo[3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-a]naphthalene (1b) obtained from chiral chromatographic separation, by refluxing 1b with HCl (4.0 equiv) in EtOH for 76 h, or with H2SO4 (2.0 equiv) in water for 68 h to afford a near racemic mixture ((R)-1a/(S)-1b = 41−42%/49−53%, chiral HPLC area%) in >96% isolated yield and good chemical purity (87−95%).
Immunochemical characterization of an IgG-binding protein of<i>Streptococcus suis</i> (1998)

Several bacterial species express surface proteins with affinity for the constant region (Fc) of immunoglobulin (Ig) of different animal species. Previous studies from our group have reported the presence of an IgG-binding protein in various serotypes of Streptococcus suis. This molecule was also shown to bind in a non-immune fashion chicken IgY and to our knowledge this characteristic is unique. In the present study, by dot-blotting, we showed that the native protein, obtained by affinity chromatography, reacted more strongly with IgG from various animal species than the denatured material. Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the affinity of the native 60-kDa protein (previously identified as a 52-kDa protein) towards IgG of various animal species was compared to pig IgG. Bovine, goat and human IgG were able to compete effectively with pig IgG whereas chicken IgY constituted a poor competitor. Peptide mapping analysis using denatured protein indicated that pig and bovine IgG recognized the same proteolytic fragment whereas chicken IgY did not. The smallest proteolytic fragment that retained the binding activity towards the IgG of the different animal species tested had a molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa. Fragments with Mr < 40 kDa showed specific binding activities. That is, the smallest fragment binding pig and bovine IgG had a Mr of 30 kDa whereas for goat and human IgG a fragment of less than 16 kDa still showed binding activity. Finally, we observed that antisera raised against a heat-shock protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reacted with the 60-kDa S. suis protein indicating that the S. suis 60-kDa protein is a member of the 60-kDa hsp family that possesses the characteristic of binding in a non-immune way mammalian IgG and chicken IgY.
Glass transition and melting behavior of poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PEEK) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlass transition and melting behavior of poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PEEK)Stephen Z. D. Cheng, M. Y. Cao, and Bernhard WunderlichCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 7, 1868–1876Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00161a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1642Altmetric-Citations344LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1018 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin, a Classic but Still Fascinating Natural Product (2013)

Tetrodotoxin, a toxic principle of puffer fish intoxication, is one of the most famous marine natural products due to its densely functionalized structure and potent toxicity. Despite its small molecular size (MW 319 g mol⁻¹), tetrodotoxin has long been well known as a formidable molecule in natural product synthesis. We have devoted more than twenty years to developing synthetic strategies for this molecule, resulting in the preparation of a variety of analogues of tetrodotoxin for biological experiments. This account describes a brief history of tetrodotoxin research and an overview of our synthetic efforts toward tetrodotoxin with the underlying logic and strategy.
[Current trends in the epidemiology of bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies and solid neoplasms]. (2009)

1) The isolation rate of 45.5% was in accordance with literature reports; similar percentages of gram-positive and gram-negative isolates were found (the shift from predominating gram-negative to a gram-positive etiology was noted). 2) A high proportion of cell wall deficient forms was found, rarely reported in previous studies. 3) Studies reporting local microbiological findings are necessary because they support an initial empiric antibiotic regimens for prophylaxis or therapy more accurately than from other areas. The right treatment protocols remain to be established.
Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells in Antiviral Immunity (2011)

CD4 T cells that acquire cytotoxic phenotype and function have been repeatedly identified in humans, mice, and other species in response to many diverse pathogens. Since CD4 cytotoxic T cells are able to recognize antigenic determinants unique from those recognized by the parallel CD8 cytotoxic T cells, they can potentially contribute additional immune surveillance and direct effector function by lysing infected or malignant cells. Here, we briefly review much of what is known about the generation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells and describe our current understanding of their role in antiviral immunity. Furthering our understanding of the many roles of CD4 T cells during an anti-viral response is important for developing effective vaccine strategies that promote long-lasting protective immunity.
Optical fiber laser-generated-focused-ultrasound transducers for intravascular therapies (2017)

Catheter-delivered ultrasound has been widely utilized for intravascular therapies such as thrombolysis, drug delivery, and plaque removal. High amplitude pressure is required for cavitation induced-microstreaming, which is considered main factor for therapeutic efficiency. Precise spatiotemporal control of insonation is important to relieve concerns on ultrasound-induced damaging of surrounding healthy tissue and vessel wall. Recent advances in laser-generated focused ultrasound (LGFU) have demonstrated precisely controlled ultrasound therapies owing to its capability of generating high-pressure (up to 20 MPa), high-frequency (>10 MHz) shock waves at a tight focal spot. Despite of the promising intravascular ultrasound therapies, to date, relatively large (diameter > 12 mm) LGFU transducers composed of carbon-based composite lens have demonstrated their capability only for extracorporeal ultrasound therapies. We hypothesize that the optical fiber LGFU transducer can be used for precise and efficient intravascular therapies taking advantage of high-frequency, high-amplitude shock waves as well as the optically efficient, small aperture optical fibers (Fig. A).
Recognition of the lipid intermediate for arabinogalactan/arabinomannan biosynthesis and its relation to the mode of action of ethambutol on mycobacteria. (1994)

Despite major advances in our understanding of the structure of mycobacterial cell walls, little is known of their biogenesis, and yet they are the site of action of many anti-tuberculosis drugs and implicated in much of the pathology of tuberculosis and leprosy. A family of monoglycosyl polyprenylphosphates was isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis, containing arabinose, ribose, and mannose. The isoprenoid nature of the lipid components was established by 1H NMR, and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS) demonstrated the presence of C50 decaprenyl-P derivatives and smaller amounts of the C35 octahydroheptaprenyl-P products. The configuration of the mycobacterial decaprenol was established as mono-trans, octa-cis, pointing to carriers of unusual structure. Combined gas chromatography (GC)/MS, FAB-MS/MS, and 1H NMR allowed characterization of one of the primary components as beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1-monophosphodecaprenol. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling of cells with D-[14C]glucose indicated that the decaprenyl-P-arabinose is an active intermediate in the biosynthesis of the arabinan of cell wall arabinogalactan and arabinomannan. The identification of polyprenyl-P-ribose suggests the existence of ribose-containing polysaccharides in the cell walls of M. smegmatis or/and of a novel epimerase in the D-arabinose biosynthetic pathway. Ethambutol, a powerful anti-tuberculosis drug known to inhibit arabinogalactan and arabinomannan biosynthesis, results in the rapid accumulation of decaprenyl-P-arabinose, indicating that the drug interferes with either the transfer of arabinose from the donor or, alternatively, the synthesis of the arabinose acceptor itself.
High Dynamic Range Display Adopting High Dynamic Range Imaging Technique (2006)

Technique of high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) was introduced into conventional high dynamic range display (HDRD). Sharpness of image was further enhanced by improving local contrast ratio in the HDRI-based high dynamic range display
c-Jun is phosphorylated by the DNA-dependent protein kinase<i>in vitro</i>; definition of the minimal kinase recognition motif (1993)

The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) phosphorylates a number of transcription factors. Here, we show that the DNA-PK modifies c-Jun in vitro and that serine residue 249 (Ser-249) is required for phosphorylation to occur. This residue corresponds to one of three sites of c-Jun that are phosphorylated in vivo and which negatively regulate c-Jun DNA binding in vitro. However, we find that phosphorylation of c-Jun by the DNA-PK does not interfere with DNA binding, indicating that phosphorylation at other sites is required for this effect. Mutagenesis of the phosphorylated region of c-Jun reveals that the primary amino acid sequence recognised by the DNA-PK consists of the sequence Ser-Gln, and that adjacent acidic residues potentiate kinase activity. Furthermore, when this site is placed within the context of a second protein, it confers DNA-PK directed phosphorylation upon that protein. Our findings will facilitate identification of DNA-PK phosphorylation sites in other transcription factors.
"Little Helper" - An Autonomous Industrial Mobile Manipulator Concept (2011)

This paper presents the concept "autonomous industrial mobile manipulation" (AIMM) based on the mobile manipulator "Little Helper" - an ongoing research project at Aalborg University, Denmark, concerning the development of an autonomous and flexible manufacturing assistant. The paper focuses on the contextual aspects and the working principles of AIMM. Furthermore, the paper deals with the design principles and overall hardware and software architectures of "Little Helper" from a functional and modular mechatronics point of view, in order to create a generic AIMM platform. The design challenges faced in the project is to integrate commercial off&#8208;the&#8208;shelf (COTS) and dedicated highly integrated\tsystems\tinto\tan\tautonomous\tmobile manipulator system with the ability to perform diverse tasks in industrial environments. We propose an action based domain specific communication language for AIMM for routine and task definition, in order to lower the entry barriers for the users of the technology. To demonstrate the "Little Helper" concept a full&#8208;scale prototype has been built and different application examples carried out. Experiences and knowledge gained from this show promising results regarding industrial integration, exploitation and maturation of the AIMM technology.
Mining Tin Pan Alley (2003)

The community outreach program Hand-in-Hand focuses on the altruistic and social use of music as a positive force for life enhancement. The program's founder, Susan West, explains how children are encouraged to use music as a means of heartfelt communication between themselves and others, particularly the elderly, disabled and disadvantaged in the community.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Men‘s 100-m Freestyle during the 1992 Olympic Games (1995)

Twelve male 100-m freestyle swimmers were videotaped during the 1992 Olympic Games. Four cameras, two above water and two below, recorded the same stroke cycle of the swimmer at approximately the 40- to 45-m mark. The whole body and the recovering arms were digitized from the videotapes to recreate a complete stroke cycle. Body position variables and hand reaction forces (Schleihauf, 1979) were calculated. Swimmers were divided into elite and subelite groups based on their swimming velocity and were compared for differences in biomechanical variables. Elites used slightly lower hand forces while maintaining a higher propelling efficiency. Subelites had opposite rotations about the longitudinal axis of the body rather than symmetrical body roll. The elite swimmers were different from subelites in that their pulling patterns were more efficient and their body position was more streamlined. These variables assisted them in achieving faster swimming velocities without requiring higher propulsive forces.
Propentofylline Targets TROY, a Novel Microglial Signaling Pathway (2012)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer, with a median survival of less than 2 years after diagnosis with current available therapies. The tumor microenvironment serves a critical role in tumor invasion and progression, with microglia as a critical player. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that propentofylline, an atypical methylxanthine with central nervous system glial modulating and anti-inflammatory actions, significantly decreases tumor growth in a GBM rodent model by preferentially targeting microglia. In the present study, we used the CNS-1 rat glioma model to elucidate the mechanisms of propentofylline. Here we demonstrate that propentofylline targets TROY, a novel signaling molecule up-regulated in infiltrating microglia, and not macrophages, in response to CNS-1 cells. We identify Pyk2, Rac1 and pJNK as the downstream signaling molecules of TROY through western blot analysis and siRNA transfection. We demonstrate that inhibition of TROY expression in microglia by siRNA transfection significantly inhibits microglial migration towards CNS-1 cells similar to 10 µM propentofylline treatment. These results identify TROY as a novel molecule expressed in microglia, involved in their migration and targeted by propentofylline. Furthermore, these results describe a signaling molecule that is differentially expressed between microglia and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.
Inorganic Cations Mediate Plant PR5 Protein Antifungal Activity through Fungal <i>Mnn1</i>- and <i>Mnn4</i>-Regulated Cell Surface Glycans (2004)

Antimicrobial activities of many defense proteins are profoundly altered by inorganic cations, thereby controlling disease pathologies in a number of mammalian systems, such as cystic fibrosis in humans. Protein-based active defense systems in plants also are influenced by cations; however, little is known of how these cation effects are mediated. Cytotoxicity of the pathogenesis-related protein osmotin against the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae was progressively abolished by K+. By the use of S. cerevisiae mannosylation mutants, this effect was shown to require mannosephosphate residues in the cell wall. However, osmotin activity was not suppressed by even high concentrations of Ca2+. Rather, submillimolar levels of Ca2+ specifically facilitated osmotin's activity, as well as its binding to the cell surface. This effect also was dependent on mannosephosphate groups on the cell surface, and appeared to require negative charge on a portion of the osmotin protein. Results suggest that Ca2+ modulates osmotin action by facilitating its binding to the fungal cell surface, but that K+ blocks this interaction by competing for binding to mannosephosphate groups. Therefore, we have identified glycan interaction as a mechanism for antimicrobial protein activity modulation by cations, a pattern that may apply to diverse innate defense responses.