gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Randomized Trials of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Heart Failure (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure. <h3>Data Sources and Study Selection.</h3> —Data were obtained for all completed, published or unpublished, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of ACE inhibitors that were at least 8 weeks in duration and had determined total mortality by intention to treat, regardless of sample size. Trials were identified based on literature review and correspondence with investigators and pharmaceutical firms. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Using standard tables, data were extracted by one author and confirmed where necessary by the other author or the principal investigator of the trial. Unpublished data were obtained by direct correspondence with the principal investigator of each study or pharmaceutical firm. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —The data for each outcome were combined using the Yusuf-Peto adaptation of the Mantel-Haenszel method. Overall, there was a statistically significant reduction in total mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.88;<i>P</i><.001) and in the combined endpoint of mortality or hospitalization for congestive heart failure (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.74;<i>P</i><.001). Similar benefits were observed with several different ACE inhibitors, although the data were largely based on enalapril maleate, captopril, ramipril, quinapril hydrochloride, and lisinopril. Reductions for total mortality and the combined endpoint were similar for various subgroups examined (age, sex, etiology, and New York Heart Association class). However, patients with the lowest ejection fraction appeared to have the greatest benefit. The greatest effect was seen during the first 3 months, but additional benefit was observed during further treatment. The reduction in mortality was primarily due to fewer deaths from progressive heart failure (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.83); point estimates for effects on sudden or presumed arrhythmic deaths (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.12) and fatal myocardial infarction (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.11) were less than 1 but were not significant. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Total mortality and hospitalization for congestive heart failure are significantly reduced by ACE inhibitors with consistent effects in a broad range of patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1450-1456)
Seasonal changes in the grazing impact of pagotrophic flagellates on bacteria in lake Constance (1991)

Des estimations des taux de broutage par trois approches independantes ont donne de 10 a 20 bacteries consommees par flagelle et par heure. En calculant les pertes bacteriennes par broutage a partir de ces estimations, une quantite correspondant a 50% jusqu'a plus de 100% de la biomasse bacterienne existante etait consommee chaque jour par les flagelles en mai, tandis que ce pourcentage a decru au dessous de 20% pendant les mois d'ete suivants. Puisque les pertes journalieres dues a d'autres facteurs etaient aussi considerees comme faibles pendant les mois d'ete, la biomasse bacterienne devait subir un renouvellement sur plusieurs jours ou quelques semaines plutot qu'un renouvellement journalier comme le suggerent la plupart des estimations courantes du taux de croissance. Les raisons possibles de ces differences et les implications qu'elles supposent pour les populations bacteriennes ou pour l'ensemble du lac sont discutees
Drilling and operating oil, gas, and geothermal wells in an H/sub 2/S environment (1981)

The following subjects are covered: facts about hydrogen sulfides; drilling and operating oil, gas, and geothermal wells; detection devices and protective equipment; hazard levels and safety procedures; first aid; and H/sub 2/S in California oil, gas, and geothermal fields. (MHR)
Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle (2002)

The changes in muscle metabolism produced by CM treatment indicate that CM may promote aerobic energy production.
Polarization and wavelength insensitive MQW electroabsorption optical gates for WDM switching systems (1996)

We propose using MQW electroabsorption (EA) modulators as optical gates in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) switching systems. A fabricated MQW-EA gate with integrated waveguides showed a high extinction ratio (>30 dB), a low polarization-dependent loss (0.3 dB), and a low wavelength-dependent loss (1.1 dB) within the gain band (1545-1560 nm) of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Ultra-high-speed (<40 ps) switching of a WDM signal was demonstrated.
Effects of <i>TET1</i> knockdown on gene expression and DNA methylation in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (2013)

TET1 is implicated in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. However, its precise effects on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and particularly on porcine iPSCs (piPSCs), are not well defined. To investigate the role of TET1 in the pluripotency and differentiation of piPSCs, piPSCs were induced from porcine embryonic fibroblasts by overexpression of POU5F1 (OCT4), SOX2, KLF4, and MYC (C-MYC). siRNAs targeting to TET1 were used to transiently knockdown the expression of TET1 in piPSCs. Morphological abnormalities and loss of the undifferentiated state of piPSCs were observed in the piPSCs after the downregulation of TET1. The effects of TET1 knockdown on the expression of key stem cell factors and differentiation markers were analyzed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. The results revealed that knockdown of TET1 resulted in the downregulated expression of pluripotency-related genes, such as LEFTY2, KLF2, and SOX2, and the upregulated expression of differentiation-related genes including PITX2, HAND1, GATA6, and LEF1. However, POU5F1, MYC, KLF4, and NANOG were actually not downregulated. Further analysis showed that the methylation levels of the promoters for POU5F1 and MYC increased significantly after TET1 downregulation, whereas there were no obvious changes in the promoters of SOX2, KLF4, and NANOG. The methylation of the whole genome increased, while hydroxymethylation slightly declined. Taken together, these results suggest that TET1 may play important roles in the self-renewal of piPSCs and the maintenance of their characteristics by regulating the expression of genes and the DNA methylation.
Promoter Effect of Chloride Ions on the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroesterification of Ethylene with Methyl Formate. Design and Evaluation of New Poly- and Mononuclear Catalyst Precursors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPromoter Effect of Chloride Ions on the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroesterification of Ethylene with Methyl Formate. Design and Evaluation of New Poly- and Mononuclear Catalyst PrecursorsNoel Lugan, Guy Lavigne, Jean Marc Soulie, Sylvie Fabre, Philippe Kalck, Jean Yves Saillard, and Jean Francois HaletCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 4, 1712–1731Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00004a027https://doi.org/10.1021/om00004a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views585Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Updating and Validating the Charlson Comorbidity Index and Score for Risk Adjustment in Hospital Discharge Abstracts Using Data From 6 Countries (2011)

With advances in the effectiveness of treatment and disease management, the contribution of chronic comorbid diseases (comorbidities) found within the Charlson comorbidity index to mortality is likely to have changed since development of the index in 1984. The authors reevaluated the Charlson index and reassigned weights to each condition by identifying and following patients to observe mortality within 1 year after hospital discharge. They applied the updated index and weights to hospital discharge data from 6 countries and tested for their ability to predict in-hospital mortality. Compared with the original Charlson weights, weights generated from the Calgary, Alberta, Canada, data (2004) were 0 for 5 comorbidities, decreased for 3 comorbidities, increased for 4 comorbidities, and did not change for 5 comorbidities. The C statistics for discriminating in-hospital mortality between the new score generated from the 12 comorbidities and the Charlson score were 0.825 (new) and 0.808 (old), respectively, in Australian data (2008), 0.828 and 0.825 in Canadian data (2008), 0.878 and 0.882 in French data (2004), 0.727 and 0.723 in Japanese data (2008), 0.831 and 0.836 in New Zealand data (2008), and 0.869 and 0.876 in Swiss data (2008). The updated index of 12 comorbidities showed good-to-excellent discrimination in predicting in-hospital mortality in data from 6 countries and may be more appropriate for use with more recent administrative data.
Maritime target and sea clutter measurements with a coherent Doppler polarimetric surveillance radar (2003)

Doppler polarimetry in a surveillance radar for the maritime surface picture is considered. This radar must be able to detect low-RCS targets in littoral environments. Measurements on such targets have been conducted with a coherent polarimetric measurement radar in March 2001 and preliminary results from that campaign are presented. The system provides estimates of the scattering matrix per range-Doppler bin. Several physical quantities that can be exploited to discriminate target echoes from sea clutter responses are discussed and an impression is given on their effectiveness.
Expression of a testis-specific putative actin-capping protein associated with the developing acrosome during rat spermiogenesis (1998)

Actin-capping proteins are ubiquitous components of mammalian cells. They are known to regulate the polymerization state of actin and hence indirectly control the activity of the cytoskeleton and cell shape. As part of our investigation into the molecular mechanisms that direct differentiation of a round spermatid into an elongating spermatozoa, we report on a testis-specific 1.7-kb transcript from rat testis with sequence similarities to the alpha subunit of actin-capping proteins (ACPs) from somatic cells. The transcript contains a putative cAMP-responsive motif (CREM) upstream of the initiation codon in the DNA sequence and is expressed postmeiotically, first appearing between 20 and 30 days of postnatal development. The primary amino acid sequence is 90% identical to that of a previously identified testis-specific mouse protein, gsg3, both showing approximately 40% homology to the alpha subunit of somatic ACPs. An affinity-purified polyclonal antibody to a synthetic peptide derived from the rat transcript identified a 32-kDa protein on Western blots of testicular extracts. Indirect immunofluorescent localization of the protein on frozen sections of adult rat testis showed that it is intracellular and accumulates asymmetrically in the cytoplasm of round spermatids coincident with the position of the developing acrosome. This spatial expression parallels the distribution of F-actin during sperm differentiation, supporting the hypothesis that testis-specific ACPs have an important role in determining the final shape of mature sperm heads. A disturbance in the expression of these ACPs may underlie many of the abnormalities in sperm morphology observed in infertile semen.
Stiffness analysis and control of redundant manipulators (2002)

In this paper, two points are addressed as for the stiffness control of redundant manipulators. The first is, through the joint stiffness analysis, a generalized stiffness model between the joint and taskspace stiffness. Differing from the previous stiffness model, this model shows the existence of the additional stiffness concerning the configuration change and force. The second is the joint stiffness control scheme of redundant manipulators based on the developed model, called orthogonal stiffness decomposition control. The effectiveness of the proposed model and control method is verified through simulations and experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Content Based Description of Audio in the Context of AXMEDIS (2006)

The enormous growth of digital music databases has led to a comparable growth in the need for methods that help users organize and access such information. One area in particular that has seen much recent research activity is the use of automated techniques to describe audio content and to allow its identification, browsing and retrieval. This paper presents algorithms for audio content analysis, description and identification that are developed and implemented in the context of the AXMEDIS project
Neue Polymethinsynthesen, II. Vilsmeier‐Formylierung von Polyenaldehyden (1967)

Abstract Mittels Vilsmeier‐Formylierung von Polyenaldehyden 1 lassen sich vinyloge Vilsmeier‐Reagentien 2 darstellen, deren Struktur bewiesen wird. Die Verbindungen 2 werden durch Umsetzung mit Dimethylamin in die Polymethincyanine 3 übergeführt.
Detection of Intoxicated Drivers Using Online System Identification of Steering Behavior (2014)

Impaired driving is known to be among the leading causes of death and injury on roads; however, the existing measures to address this menace appear to be insufficient. This paper presents a novel method to detect intoxicated driving and lays a foundation that can be implemented in future cars to derive personalized models of drivers and to detect not only intoxicated driving but also other reckless driving styles. We employ system identification techniques to develop models for sober and impaired drivers. A total of 200 sets of data from various subject drivers were collected in a high-fidelity driving simulator. The lateral preview error and the steering wheel angle were considered the input and output of a driver, respectively. We will demonstrate that the autoregressive noise integration moving average with exogenous input (ARIMAX) model best fits the data to describe the steering behavior of drivers. The positions of model poles are shown to be a good indicator of intoxicated driving behavior. An aggressive driving style due to impaired driving leads to the migration of dominant poles toward the instability region. The Kalman filter and online identification techniques are used to update the driver model during driving. The poles of this updated model are used for the detection of impaired driving.
Nonsuppurative cholangitis is induced in neonatally thymectomized mice: A possible animal model for primary biliary cirrhosis (1994)

Neonatally thymectomized mice are unique in that they are prone to organ-specific autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether autoimmune cholangitis could be induced in these mice when they were immunized with biliary antigens. Neonatally thymectomized A/J mice were immunized with porcine intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (group 1), porcine gallbladder epithelial cells (group 2), porcine splenocytes (group 3) or Freund's adjuvant (group 4). Nonthymectomized mice were immunized with bile duct epithelial cells (group 5) or Freund's adjuvant (group 6). The cell suspensions were injected intraperitoneally with Freund's adjuvant once a week for 8 wk. In group 1 varying amounts of mononuclear cells infiltrated around the bile duct in 14 of 22 mice, whereas little or no accumulation was noted in other groups. Ultrastructural observations revealed that the inflammatory cells consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. The bile duct showed degenerative changes and some lymphocytes infiltrated between bile duct epithelial cells. An immunohistochemical study showed that the accumulated lymphocytes consisted of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as B cells. Both major histocompatibility complex class I and class II antigens were expressed on bile duct epithelial cells. Antimitochondrial antibody was demonstrated in some mice in groups 1 (9 of 17), 2 (2 of 3) and 5 (4 of 5) by immunofluorescence; the antibody reacted with the 68, 52 and 47 kD polypeptides of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex on Western blotting. These findings suggest that autoimmune cholangitis can be induced in neonatally thymectomized mice stimulated with biliary antigens and that these mice could be a suitable animal model for primary biliary cirrhosis.
Entropy Coding for a Hybrid Scheme with Motion Compensation in Subprimary Rate Video Transmission (1987)

Entropy coding has been investigated for motion-compensated interframe (MC) prediction followed by two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) for prediction error. In particular, variable word length coding methods for motion vector and transform coefficients have been discussed assuming low bit rate such as 384 kbits/s for transmission of videoconference sequences. For motion vector information, it is advantageous to employ a one-dimensional code set common to both horizontal and vertical components of motion vectors. The code set can be obtained using a combined distribution of the two components. In order to encode transform coefficients, different methods are applied to significant and insignificant blocks. Run-length coding is adequate for representing clusters of insignificant blocks. In encoding transform coefficients in significant blocks, a zone coding method which encodes transform coefficients within a minimum area enclosing all nonzero coefficients is suitable. Simulation of video sequences shows that a combination of the coding methods described here can achieve high coding efficiency for videoconference sequences.
Large tube section is the key to successful coronary thrombus aspiration: Findings of a standardized bench test (2005)

Thrombus removal by aspiration is one of the adjunctive techniques used to avoid embolization during PCI for acute myocardial infarction. Numerous devices are now available, but little is known about the mechanical rationale used in comparing them. The aim of the present study was to determine parameters to obtain optimal thrombus aspiration (TA). Heparin- and antiplatelet-free blood samples were aspirated into 3 mm diameter standardized glass tubes to create a 30 mm long thrombus. Thrombus formation took place at room temperature over a period of 6 or 12 hr. Various catheters were tested using a variable vacuum device: three with right-angle distal tip (0.038'', 0.067'', and 0.070'') and one with a beveled distal (length of the beveled, 0.054''; inner diameter catheter, 0.040''). The single endpoint was complete thrombus aspiration. A total of 103 TAs were presented for the four catheters. For 6- or 12-hr-old thrombus for a given catheter, there was no significant difference in vacuum pressure required to succeed TA (P = 0.47). For 6- or 12-hr-old thrombus, the larger the contact area is, the lower the pressure needed to aspirate the thrombus. Moreover, a beveled distal tip length (0.054'') does not make it possible to succeed TA at a lower pressure. The main factor for successful TA for thrombi > or = 6 hr is inner diameter and not immediate thrombus contact area.
[Videocinematography of swallowing. Indications, methodology and findings]. (1995)

The purpose of this study was to given an introduction to the radiological evaluation of deglutition. The symptoms leading to videofluoroscopic investigation of swallowing are explained. The examination has to be tailored to the patient's symptoms. Each film scene depicts a characteristic patient position, a particular kind of contrast material and a certain amount. A systematic approach to analyze video films of deglutition and knowledge of the normal and abnormal swallowing functions are mandatory.
MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of N-linked glycans on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded murine kidney (2014)

Recent developments in spatial proteomics have paved the way for retrospective in situ mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical tissue samples. This type of analysis is commonly referred to as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging. Recently, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded MALDI imaging analyses were augmented to allow in situ analyses of tissue-specific N-glycosylation profiles. In the present study, we outline an improved automated sample preparation method for N-glycan MALDI imaging, which uses in situ PNGase F-mediated release and measurement of N-linked glycans from sections of formalin-fixed murine kidney. The sum of the presented data indicated that N-glycans can be cleaved from proteins within formalin-fixed tissue and characterized using three strategies: (i) extraction and composition analysis through on-target MALDI MS and liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap MS; (ii) MALDI profiling, where N-glycans are released and measured from large droplet arrays in situ; and (iii) MALDI imaging, which maps the tissue specificity of N-glycans at a higher resolution. Thus, we present a complete, straightforward method that combines MALDI imaging and characterization of tissue-specific N-glycans and complements existing strategies.
Trench design for low-level radioactive waste disposal (1981)

Trench designs for the safe disposal of low-level radioactive wastes are surveyed. These designs are intended to minimize radionuclide migration, specifically in areas where precipitation is light. Guidelines for siting and designing such trenches are presented for dry and humid climates. (1 diagram, 1 map, 2 tables)
Design and Control of a New Tendon-Driven Exoskeletal Lower Body Power Assistive Device (2005)

Recently the exoskeletal power assistive equipment which is a kind of wearable robot has been widely developed to help the human body motion. For the elderly people and patients, however, some limits exist due to the weight and volume of the equipments. As a feasible solution, a tendon-driven exoskeletal power assistive device for the lower body, and caster walker are proposed in this research. Since the caster walker carries the heavy items, the weight and volume of the wearable exoskeleton are minimized. The fuzzy control is used to generate the joint torque required to assist motions such as sitting, standing and walking. Experiments were performed for several motions and the EMG sensors were used to measure the magnitude of assistance. When the motion of sitting down and standing up was compared with and without wearing the proposed device, the 27% assistance was acquired.