gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic Registration of Biological Images Using Vector-Spline Regularization (2005)

We present an elastic registration algorithm for the alignment of biological images. Our method combines and extends some of the best techniques available in the context of medical imaging. We express the deformation field as a B-spline model, which allows us to deal with a rich variety of deformations. We solve the registration problem by minimizing a pixelwise mean-square distance measure between the target image and the warped source. The problem is further constrained by way of a vector-spline regularization which provides some control over two independent quantities that are intrinsic to the deformation: its divergence, and its curl. Our algorithm is also able to handle soft landmark constraints, which is particularly useful when parts of the images contain very little information or when its repartition is uneven. We provide an optimal analytical solution in the case when only landmarks and smoothness considerations are taken into account. We have applied our approach to perform the elastic registration of images such as electrophoretic gels and fly embryos. The validation of the results by experts has been favorable in all cases.
Distributed dynamic strain measurement using a correlation-based Brillouin sensing system (2003)

Conventional fiber Brillouin-based strain sensors are capable of distributed sensing, making them advantageous over fiber Bragg grating-based sensors for structural monitoring applications. However, Brillouin sensors have low spatial resolution and are inappropriate for dynamic strain measurements as they have large measurement times of several minutes. We present a correlation-based continuous-wave technique for high spatial resolution and distributed dynamic strain measurements using stimulated Brillouin scattering. Using our technique, we have successfully measured dynamic strain from a 5-cm vibrating section, at a sampling rate of 8.8 Hz with a strain accuracy of about /spl plusmn/38 μ/spl epsiv/.
Alternatives to arsine: The atmospheric pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition growth of GaAs using triethylarsenic (1987)

Studies on the homoepitaxial growth of unintentionally doped GaAs by atmospheric pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition using triethylarsenic and trimethylgallium have been carried out, and the effects of growth temperature, V/III ratio, and flow rate on film characteristics are reported. Mirrorlike epitaxial layers of n-type GaAs were obtained at substrate temperatures of 540–650 °C and at V/III ratios of 6.7–11. The carrier concentrations for these films were approximately 1016–1017 cm−3, and from secondary ion mass spectroscopic analysis, the predominant epilayer impurities were determined to be both carbon and silicon.
Design and Printing Strategies in 3D Bioprinting of Cell‐Hydrogels: A Review (2016)

Bioprinting is an emerging technology that allows the assembling of both living and non-living biological materials into an ideal complex layout for further tissue maturation. Bioprinting aims to produce engineered tissue or organ in a mechanized, organized, and optimized manner. Various biomaterials and techniques have been utilized to bioprint biological constructs in different shapes, sizes and resolutions. There is a need to systematically discuss and analyze the reported strategies employed to fabricate these constructs. We identified and discussed important design factors in bioprinting, namely shape and resolution, material heterogeneity, and cellular-material remodeling dynamism. Each design factors are represented by the corresponding process capabilities and printing parameters. The process-design map will inspire future biomaterials research in these aspects. Design considerations such as data processing, bio-ink formulation and process selection are discussed. Various printing and crosslinking strategies, with relevant applications, are also systematically reviewed. We categorized them into 5 general bioprinting strategies, including direct bioprinting, in-process crosslinking, post-process crosslinking, indirect bioprinting and hybrid bioprinting. The opportunities and outlook in 3D bioprinting are highlighted. This review article will serve as a framework to advance computer-aided design in bioprinting technologies.
Optical behavior of sputter-deposited vanadium pentoxide (1986)

A series of V–O alloy films were sputter deposited on glass substrates using a vanadium target and rf-excited Ar/O2 discharges containing 2%–8% O2. On the basis of x-ray results, the films were nominally identified as vanadium pentoxide. Optical transmission and reflection characteristics were measured by double-beam spectrophotometry in the 390- to 700-nm-wavelength region. From these measurements, the absorption coefficient α was determined as a function of the incident photon energy hν. The absorption edge of all films showed two distinct regions of behavior: a high photon energy region in which α varied linearly with (hν)2 and a low-energy tail. The behavior of α is discussed in terms of the structural and electronic changes in the films due to nonstoichiometry and compared to results obtained for single crystal V2O5.
Letter (1977)

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Feasibility and repeatability of localized <sup>31</sup>P‐MRS four‐angle saturation transfer (FAST) of the human gastrocnemius muscle using a surface coil at 7 T (2015)

Phosphorus ((31) P) MRS, combined with saturation transfer (ST), provides non-invasive insight into muscle energy metabolism. However, even at 7 T, the standard ST method with T1 (app) measured by inversion recovery takes about 10 min, making it impractical for dynamic examinations. An alternative method, i.e. four-angle saturation transfer (FAST), can shorten the examination time. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility, repeatability, and possible time resolution of the localized FAST technique measurement on an ultra-high-field MR system, to accelerate the measurement of both Pi -to-ATP and PCr-to-ATP reaction rates in the human gastrocnemius muscle and to test the feasibility of using the FAST method for dynamic measurements. We measured the exchange rates and metabolic fluxes in the gastrocnemius muscle of eight healthy subjects at 7 T with the depth-resolved surface coil MRS (DRESS)-localized FAST method. For comparison, a standard ST localized method was also used. The measurement time for the localized FAST experiment was 3.5 min compared with the 10 min for the standard localized ST experiment. In addition, in five healthy volunteers, Pi -to-ATP and PCr-to-ATP metabolic fluxes were measured in the gastrocnemius muscle at rest and during plantar flexion by the DRESS-localized FAST method. The repeatability of PCr-to-ATP and Pi -to-ATP exchange rate constants, determined by the slab-selective localized FAST method at 7 T, is high, as the coefficients of variation remained below 20%, and the results of the exchange rates measured with the FAST method are comparable to those measured with standard ST. During physical activity, the PCr-to-ATP metabolic flux decreased (from FCK = 8.21 ± 1.15 mM s(-1) to FCK = 3.86 ± 1.38 mM s(-1) ) and the Pi -to-ATP flux increased (from FATP = 0.43 ± 0.14 mM s(-1) to FATP = 0.74 ± 0.13 mM s(-1) ). In conclusion, we could demonstrate that measurements in the gastrocnemius muscle are feasible at rest and are short enough to be used during exercise with the DRESS-localized FAST method at 7 T.
Analysis of wafer flatness for CD control in photolithography (2002)

Wafer-induced focus error is investigated for analysis of our focus budget in photolithography. Using a newly developed wafer monitor, NIWF-300 (Nikon Corp.), we directly measure surface flatness of the wafer placed on wafer holder with vacuum chuck. Single site polished Si wafers were evaluated with NIWF-300 and a conventional flatness monitor. We also investigated the effect of wafer holder using a ring-shape wafer support and a pin-shape wafer support. As a result, we found wafer shape measured in a freestanding condition does not represent surface flatness of the wafer on a holder. The holder has an impact on the wafer surface. The increase of adsorption ratio between wafer and holder improves the surface flatness.
Facile Access to Chiral Ketones through Metal‐Free Oxidative CC Bond Cleavage of Aldehydes by O<sub>2</sub> (2012)

Giving the metal the boot: The title reaction provides facile access to functionalized chiral ketones from chiral α,α′-disubstituted aldehydes in the presence of molecular oxygen (see scheme). The CC bond-cleavage approach offers an alternative or better method relative to the typical bond-forming strategies used in synthesizing chiral ketones. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Simplified dynamic focus method for time domain OCT (2009)

A new optical arrangement for performing dynamic focus in time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is demonstrated. Unlike previously reported schemes which require mechanical coupling of the object and reference arms, this method is confined to the object arm only and therefore does not impose design constraints on the OCT system layout. The scheme is tested on a high lateral resolution OCT system (NA=0.13) and it is shown that the effective depth of focus is extended from 200 µm to better than 2 mm. The optimum correction is for media with a mean refractive index of 1.4.
Competitive analysis from click-through log (2009)

Existing keyword suggestion tools from various search engine companies could automatically suggest keywords related to the advertisers' products or services, counting in simple statistics of the keywords, such as search volume, cost per click (CPC), etc. However, the nature of the generalized Second Price Auction suggests that better understanding the competitors' keyword selection and bidding strategies better helps to win the auction, other than only relying on general search statistics. In this paper, we propose a novel keyword suggestion strategy, called Competitive Analysis, to explore the keyword based competition relationships among advertisers and eventually help advertisers to build campaigns with better performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Competitive Analysis can both help advertisers to promote their product selling and generate more revenue to the search engine companies.
Armored CAR T cells enhance antitumor efficacy and overcome the tumor microenvironment (2017)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown limited efficacy for the management of solid tumor malignancies. In ovarian cancer, this is in part due to an immunosuppressive cytokine and cellular tumor microenvironment which suppresses adoptively transferred T cells. We engineered an armored CAR T cell capable of constitutive secretion of IL-12, and delineate the mechanisms via which these CAR T cells overcome a hostile tumor microenvironment. In this report, we demonstrate enhanced proliferation, decreased apoptosis and increased cytotoxicity in the presence of immunosuppressive ascites. In vivo, we show enhanced expansion and CAR T cell antitumor efficacy, culminating in improvement in survival in a syngeneic model of ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis. Armored CAR T cells mediated depletion of tumor associated macrophages and resisted endogenous PD-L1-induced inhibition. These findings highlight the role of the inhibitory microenvironment and how CAR T cells can be further engineered to maintain efficacy.
Isocyanates induces DNA damage, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in cultured human lymphocytes (2008)

Isocyanates, a group of low molecular weight aromatic and aliphatic compounds containing the isocyanate group (-NCO), are important raw materials with diverse industrial applications; however, pathophysiological implications resulting from occupational and accidental exposures of these compounds are hitherto unknown. Although preliminary evidence available in the literature suggests that isocyanates and their derivatives may have deleterious health effects including immunotoxicity, but molecular mechanisms underlying such an effect have never been addressed. The present study was carried out to assess the immunotoxic response of methyl isocyanate (MIC) on cultured human lymphocytes isolated from healthy human volunteers. Studies were conducted to evaluate both dose-dependent and time-course response (n = 3), using N-succinimidyl N-methylcarbamate, a surrogate chemical substitute to MIC. Evaluation of DNA damage by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and gamma H2AX protein phosphorylation states; measure of apoptotic index through annexin-V/PI assay, apoptotic DNA ladder assay, and mitochondrial depolarization; induction of oxidative stress by CM-H2DCFDA and formation of 8-hydroxy-2' deoxy guanosine; levels of antioxidant defense system enzyme glutathione reductase; and multiplex cytometric bead array analysis to quantify the secreted levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-8, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-12p70 parameters were carried out. The results of the study showed a dose- and time-dependent response, providing evidence to hitherto unknown molecular mechanisms of immunotoxic consequences of isocyanate exposure at a genomic level. We anticipate these data along with other studies reported in the literature would help to design better approaches in risk assessment of occupational and accidental exposure to isocyanates.
High-Tc field-effect transistor-like structure made from YBCO ultrathin films (1992)

A high-T<sub>c</sub> field-effect transistor-like structure (SuFET) was made which consisted of an ultrathin YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> (YBCO) film, a dielectric SrTiO<sub>3</sub> layer and a gold gate electrode. The use of ultrathin films of a few unit cells thickness and an epitaxially grown dielectric layer allowed a relative change in the areal carrier density of YBCO in excess of 20%. A comparable amount of modulation was obtained in normal state resistivity and T<sub>c</sub>. The J<sub>c</sub> of the channel layer was changed by ~90% when a gate voltage was applied, showing the promise to build a field-effect device using high-T<sub>c</sub> superconductors.
Effects of Oral Administration of Purified Micronized Flavonoid Fraction on Increased Microvascular Permeability Induced by Various Agents and on Ischemia/Reperfusion in Diabetic Hamsters (1995)

The effects of a clinically used purified micronized flavonoid fraction (S5682) containing 90% diosmin and 10% hesperidin on increased microvascular permeability induced by histamine, bradykinin and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were investigated by intravital microscopy in the cheek pouch preparation of diabetic hamsters. We also investigated the effects of S 5682 on macro- molecular permeability increase and leukocyte adhesion during ischemia-reperfusion using the same preparation. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). S 5682, suspended in 10% lactose solution, or vehicle (10% lactose) was administered orally for 25 days at 20 mg/kg/day (10 mg/kg twice a day), starting 5 days after the streptozotocin injection. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (molecular weight 150,000) was given intravenously, 30 min after completion of the cheek pouch preparation. The leukocytes were stained by continuous intravenous infusion of acridine orange (0.5 mg/ kg/min). Histamine (2 microMs), bradykinin (1 microM), and LTB4 (0.01 microM), applied topically for 5 min, increased the number of fluorescent vascular leakage sites in postcapillary venules. A temporary ischemia (duration: 30 min) with total circulatory arrest of the cheek pouch was obtained by clamping the neck of the everted pouch. The maximum number of leaky sites (per cm2 in the prepared area) which occurs either at 5 min after the beginning of each topical application or 10 min after the onset of reperfusion was quantified in UV light microscopy. The results from 60 animals divided into ten groups of 6 animals each are presented as means +/- SEM. In comparison with vehicle, S 5682 significantly inhibited the macromolecular permeability increasing the effect of histamine (343.8 +/- 18.5 vs. 91.0 +/- 8.2 leaks/ cm2; p > 0.001), bradykinin (347.0 +/- 14.6 vs. 110.3 +/- 8.5 leaks/cm2; p < 0.001) and LTB4 (323.0 +/- 15.5 vs. 161.3 +/- 13.8 leaks/cm2; p < 0.001). At reperfusion, after 30 min ischemia, S 5682 significantly decreased the observed macromolecular permeability (168.5 +/- 19.7 vs. 52.7 +/- 6.3 leaks/cm2; p < 0.01). Flavonoid-treated animals also tended to have a lower number of leukocytes adhering to the venular endothelium (104.8 +/- 11.0 vs. 75.8 +/- 9.7/6 mm2; p > 0.05). These results demonstrate that oral administration of S 5682 for 25 days at 20mg/kg body weight/day has a protective effect on leakage of macromolecules after application of permeability-increasing substances and during ischemia-reperfusion in the cheek pouch microvasculature of diabetic hamsters. In conclusion, the present data illustrating the inhibitory effect of a clinically relevant doses of S 5682 on the inflammatory processes induced in this in vivo model of microcirculation may serve as a rational basis to explain its clinical efficacy.
Effect of coupling agents on thermal and electrical properties of mica/epoxy composites (1995)

Abstract The influence of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3‐glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and neoalkoxytric(dioctyl pyrophosphato)zirconate on thermal expansion behavior, dielectric strength, and arc resistance of mica/epoxy composites has been investigated. The addition of mica up to 30% resulted in the reduction of thermal expansion with respect to neat resin. However, the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 30% mica treated with aminosilane was the least among the various coupling agent‐coated filler/epoxy composites. Mica (30%)/epoxy composites showed the highest dielectric strength values (26 kV/mm), but the highest arc resistance was obtained in zirconate‐treated mica (30%)/epoxy composite. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Propofol Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia and Its Effects on Low-molecular-weight Antioxidants and Skilled Motor Tasks (2004)

Concurrent or delayed administration of propofol is neuroprotective 3 days after ischemia. Although there were no differences in infarct volume 21 days after ischemia, propofol-treated animals had functional improvements at this time.
Accumulation of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Silkworm, Bombyx mori (2001)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) exhibits potent anti-carcinogenic and other biological activities in several animal models. We report here that dietary CLA, chemically synthesized from corn oil, accumulates in silkworm, Bombyx mori, which is used as a therapeutic agent for diabetes in Korea and Japan. Mulberry leaves treated with 0.1 or 10% CLA in ethanol were supplied to silkworms from the end of the 3rd instar to the 3rd day of the 5th instar. Fresh mulberry leaves or leaves treated with 10% corn oil in ethanol were fed as a check treatment. The amount of total lipids in the larval body ranged from 17.4 to 19.1 ㎎/g of body tissue, which was not significantly affected by the source of the diets. No CLA was found in the control silkworms. But the level of CLA significantly increased to 83.5 ㎎/g of fat, when fed with mulberry leaves treated with 10% CLA. Only trace amounts of CLA were detected in the larvae reared with check leaves and 0.1% CLA-treated leaves. Mulberry leaves treated with corn oil or CLA were not palatable to the larvae, resulting in a reduction of larval weight. These results suggest that silkworms containing CLA in body lipids could be produced by dietary CLA.
Stereospecific analysis and mass spectrometry of triacylglycerols from<i>arabidopsis thaliana</i> (L.) heynh. columbia seed (1995)

Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana continues to be an excellent model organism for studying plant molecular genetics and biochemistry. In particular, the generation and analysis of mutant lines has facilitated the study of fatty acid biosynthesis, lipid bioassembly and the regulation of these processes. In view of its importance in understanding the pathways specific to seed storage lipid biosynthesis, we report here, for the first time, stereospecific and mass spectral analyses of the triacylglycerols present in A. thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia wild‐type seed. The use of NH 4 + ‐chemical‐ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry is described as a powerful technique in analyzing even trace amounts of individual triacylglycerol species.
Modular Hall Masterslice Transducer (1975)

The Hall masterslice transducer combines modern IC (integrated circuit) technology with a modular design concept to provide a flexible multifunction approach to magnetic sensing. Its sensing element, a controllable Hall cell, is integrated with the associated circuitry on a masterslice chip, mounted in a flux concentrator module that forms the basic building block for diverse application packages. The device has several auxiliary control electrodes that allow fixed or externally variable offset voltage control and magnetic field simulation, as well as threshold, hysteresis, and gain adjustments. Integral flux concentrators provide the module with an efficient magnetic flux path and chip cooling. Three application categories—switches, proximity sensors, and current sensors—are discussed and various application package designs are presented.
Geometric Calibration of Micro-Lens-Based Light Field Cameras Using Line Features (2016)

We present a novel method for the geometric calibration of micro-lens-based light field cameras. Accurate geometric calibration is the basis of various applications. Instead of using sub-aperture images, we directly utilize raw images for calibration. We select appropriate regions in raw images and extract line features from micro-lens images in those regions. For the entire process, we formulate a new projection model of a micro-lens-based light field camera, which contains a smaller number of parameters than previous models. The model is transformed into a linear form using line features. We compute the initial solution of both the intrinsic and the extrinsic parameters by a linear computation and refine them via non-linear optimization. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the correspondences between rays and pixels in raw images, as estimated by the proposed method.
Orlhodock - An Image Driven Orthopaedic Surgical Planning System (2005)

The OrthoDock (Orthopaedic Docking) system allows a surgeon to interactively manipulate a graphic representation of a prosthetic in 3d image data in order to determine optimum selection and position. Precise position and orientation information, both relative and absolute, of the prosthesis in the tissue is determined by using integrated graphics and image processing. The system is the 3d image processing portion of the robotic surgery system known as RoboDoc 111.