gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Wearable-Agri-Robot &#x223C;mechanism for agricultural work&#x223C; (2009)

Recently, It has become a rapidly aging society. Coupled with a decrease in the number of farmers, this has becomes a serious problem in agriculture. Agricultural work includes a great deal of heavy work and special work postures, imposing a large physical strain on farmers. Therefore, we developed the Wearable Agri-Robot, which was designed as an exoskeletal mechanism to assist in the wearer's work. This study evaluates the degree of freedom realized by forcusing on the range of motion of the joints. Using this method, we evaluated the articular structure of the Wearable Agri-Robot. We investigated the possibility of using it to assist in agricultural work by analyzing the motion required for thie type of work. In this work, we narrowed down the intended operations to the harvesting of Japanese radishes, and validated the effect of the Wearable Agri-Robot on the wearer using myoelectric potential measurement. As a result, it was ascertained that wearing the Wearable Agri-Robot could alleviate the burden on wearer by assisting with agricultural work.
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion and the age-impaired hippocampus: cause or effect? (1995)

Introduction Increased glucocorticoid secretion is a key feature of the stress response, serving to mobilise energy substrates, inhibit non-vital processes and restore stress effector systems. However, chronic glucocorticoid excess (in Cushing's disease or during pharmacotherapy) is associated with a broad spectrum of deleterious effects including diabetes mellitus, reproductive failure, hypertension, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, myopathy, growth impairment and, not least, affective and cognitive dysfunction. Clearly therefore, the autoregulatory (negative feedback) actions of glucocorticoids upon the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are of crucial importance. Glucocorticoids act, in large part, by binding to intracellular receptors. There are two types, mineralocorticoid (MR, type I) and glucocorticoid (GR, type II) (McEwen et al. 1986) receptors. Ligand-activated receptors function as nuclear transcription factors, attaching to specific DNA sequences and regulating target gene expression. Interactions with other nuclear factors, notably AP-1 (Pfahl 1993) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (Stauber et al. 1992), may also occur and modulate
Cluster busting in anchored graph drawing (1992)

Given a graph G and a drawing or layout of G, it is sometimes desirable to alter or adjust the layout. The challenging aspect of designing layout adjustment algorithms is to maintain a user’s mental picture of the original layout. We present a new approach to layout adjustment called cluster busting in anchored graph drawing. We then give two algorithms as examples of this approach. The goals of cluster busting in anchored graph drawing are to more evenly distribute the nodes of the graph in a drawing window while maintaining the user’s mental picture of the original drawing. We present simple and efficient iterative heuristics to accomplish these goals. We formally define some measures of distribution and similarity and give empirical results based on these measures to quantify our methods. The theoretical analysis of our heuristics presents a formidable challenge, thus justifying our empirical analysis.
Effect of Sunscreens on UV Radiation-Induced Enhancement of Melanoma Growth in Mice (1994)

Background : Epidemiologic evidence suggests that exposure to UV radiation plays a significant role in the development of melanoma skin cancers. As early surgical removal of the melanoma is the only effective therapy, current strategies for reducing mortality from melanoma focus on prevention of the disease. Chemical sunscreens protect mice from development of skin cancers that resemble sunlight-induced human squamous cell cancers, but there appears to be a complex relationship between UV radiation exposure and development of melanoma. Purpose: We asked whether common sunscreens would protect mice against UV radiation-induced enhancement of melanoma incidence. Methods: C3H mice were exposed to 4.8 kJ/m 2 UVB from FS40 sunlamps twice a week for 3 weeks. Sunscreens containing 7.5% 2 -ethylhexyl-p- methoxycinnamate, 8% octyl-N-dimethyl-p- aminobenzoate, 6% benzophenone-3, or the oil-in-water vehicle alone were applied to the ears and tails of the mice 20 minutes before irradiation. At various times during and after exposure, we determined UV radiation-induced inflamation by measuring ear swelling. We also examined the ears histologically for UV radiation-induced alterations. One day after the final irradiation, 2.5 ×10 4 syngeneic K1735 melanoma cells were injected into the external ears. Mice were examined weekly for tumor growth for 5–8 weeks after tumor cell injection. Control mice were treated in the identical way except for exposure to UV radiation. Results : The incidence of melanomas was significantly higher in the UV-irradiated mice. All three sunscreens protected against UV radiation-induced ear swelling and clearly diminished histopathologic alterations, including sunburn cell formation, epidermal hyperplasia, and mono-nuclear cell infiltrate in the dermis. However, the sunscreens failed to protect against UV radiation-induced increase in melanoma incidence. The sunscreens or vehicle alone did not significantly alter tumor growth. Conclusions: Protection against sunburn does not necessarily imply protection against other possible UV radiation effects, such as enhanced melanoma growth. Implications: Sunscreen protection against UV radiation-induced inflammation may encourage prolonged exposure to UV radiation and thus may actually increase the risk of melanoma development. These findings suggest that further research on the ability of sunscreens to prevent melanoma is urgently needed. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 99−105, 1994].
The influence of helium on the bulk properties of fusion reactor structural materials (1984)

Radiation-induced deterioration of fission reactor materials is dominated by displacement damage. In fusion reactors, the influence of (n, α) produced helium upon material deterioration is regarded to be of equal importance because of the high nuclear reaction rate caused by the high-energy fusion neutrons. In this review, the mechanisms and the anticipated rates of helium generation in fusion materials are discussed; helium introduction techniques simulating fusion conditions are reviewed in some detail and the atomistic behaviour of helium in metals as well as the nucleation and growth of helium bubbles are briefly surveyed. These phenomena are the main cause for the influence of helium on macroscopic material properties such as tensile strength, creep and fatigue behaviour and swelling. Typical examples of experimental results of material deterioration and first attempts at their theoretical modelling are given in the main part of the review. It is shown that helium effects can be the determining factor for the lifetime of fusion reactor components, particularly at high temperatures. The review concludes with an outlook on future investigations of helium effects and a call for a systematic approach in the development of helium-resistant alloys.
Artemisinin and the antimalarial endoperoxides: from herbal remedy to targeted chemotherapy. (1996)

Artemisinin and its derivatives are endoperoxide-containing compounds which represent a promising new class of antimalarial drugs. In the presence of intraparasitic iron, these drugs are converted into free radicals and other electrophilic intermediates which then alkylate specific malaria target proteins. Combinations of available derivatives and other antimalarial agents show promise both as first-line agents and in the treatment of severe disease.
Nanostructured plasma polymer coatings on novel silica structures (2004)

Extremely thin films of acetylene of the order of 30 nm have been deposited using RF Plasma polymerization method on nanostructured porous silica. The thickness of the films were determined and optimized by ellipsometry. The films were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy. The surface energy modification was determined using the contact angle technique. The mechanical properties of the films were studied by nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing.
Multi-talker speech recognition under ego-motion noise using Missing Feature Theory (2010)

This paper presents a system that gives a mobile robot the ability to recognize target speaker's speech, even if the robot performs an action and there are multiple speakers talking in the room. Associated problems to this system are twofold: (1) While the robot is moving, the joints inevitably generate ego-motion noise due to its motors. (2) Recognizing target speech against other interfering speech signals is a difficult task. Since typical solutions to (1) and (2), motor noise suppression and sound source separation, both introduce distortion to the processed signals, the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) deteriorates. Instead of removing the ego-motion noise with conventional noise suppression methods, in this work, we investigate methods to eliminate the unreliable parts of the audio features that are contaminated by the ego-motion noise. For this purpose, we model masks that filter unreliable speech features based on the ratio of speech and motor noise energies. We analyze the performance of the proposed technique under various test conditions by comparing it to the performance of existing Missing Feature Theory-based ASR implementations. Finally, we propose an integration framework for two different masks that are designed to eliminate ego noise and to filter the leakage energy of interfering sound sources. We demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve a high ASR accuracy.
Critical Role of Glutamate in a Central Leucine-rich Repeat of Decorin for Interaction with Type I Collagen (1997)

The chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan decorin is known to interact via its core protein with fibrillar collagens, thereby influencing the kinetics of fibril formation and the final diameter of the fibrils. To define the binding site(s) for type I collagen along the core protein, which is mainly composed of leucine-rich repeat structures, decorin cDNAs were constructed and expressed in human kidney 293 cells. The constructs encoded (i) C-terminally truncated molecules, (ii) core proteins with deletions of selected leucine-rich repeats, or (iii) various point mutations. The deletion of the sixth leucine-rich repeat Met176-Lys201 and the mutation E180K drastically interfered with the binding to reconstituted type I collagen fibrils. In contrast, the deletion of the seventh repeat Leu202-Ser222 led at the most to a marginally impaired binding, although the secretion of this proteoglycan was abnormally low. Decorin with two other point mutations in the sixth leucine-rich repeat, Lys187 --> Gln and Lys200 --> Gln, respectively, bound type I collagen either normally or even better than the normal recombinant proteoglycan. These data suggest that a major collagen-binding site of decorin is located within the sixth leucine-rich repeat and that glutamate-180 within this repeat is of special importance for ionic interactions between the two matrix components.
VOMES: a virtual organisation membership evaluation system (2012)

A grid supports geographically distributed resource sharing among multiple organisations, which can be considered as a special type of virtual organisations (VO). A cyberinfrastructure (CI) environment supports formation and management of multiple such VOs to meet various computing demands for researchers and scientists in different areas. How to found a trustable VO and aggregate reliable resources and users for the cross-domain collaboration in a CI becomes an important issue. In this work, a VO membership evaluation system (VOMES) is proposed to address this new challenge brought by the CI environment. VOMES includes a layered reputation system and a committee-based decision-making method to verify a new applicant to a VO and maintain corresponding VO trust levels. Simulation results show that our reputation system is accurate, robust and stable. VOMES can automatically help members in a CI environment establish and maintain VOs with high trust levels.
Analysis of oligosaccharides of human IgG from serum of leukemia patients. (1994)

The biantennary N-acetyllactosamine type oligosaccharide is attached to asparagine-297 of the human IgG heavy chain, which is an integral part of the tertiary structure of the Fc region, and is quite important in the role of IgG. Pyridylamination and analysis by HPLC can be performed more rapidly and simply than conventional carbohydrate analysis. We applied it to the analysis of the oligosaccharide structures of IgG from the serum of patients with leukemia, CLL and AML. The proportion of oligosaccharide from leukemia patients with a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residue was almost equal to that of healthy individuals. However, the proportion of fucose and galactose residues differed. These data suggest that the analysis of the fucose and the terminal galactose residue of such oligosaccharides will be useful in the classification of leukemia.
Post-transcriptional Regulation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Expression in Rat Aorta (2003)

We investigated the molecular mechanism of cyclic GMP-induced down-regulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase expression in rat aorta. 3-(5'-Hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1), an allosteric activator of this enzyme, decreased the expression of soluble guanylyl cyclase alpha(1) subunit mRNA and protein. This effect was blocked by the enzyme inhibitor 4H-8-bromo-1,2,4-oxadiazolo(3,4-d)benz(b-1,4)oxazin-1-one (NS2028) and by actinomycin D. Guanylyl cyclase alpha(1) mRNA-degrading activity was increased in protein extracts from YC-1-exposed aorta and was attenuated by pretreatment with actinomycin D and NS2028. Gelshift and supershift analyses using an adenylate-uridylate-rich ribonucleotide from the 3'-untranslated region of the alpha(1) mRNA and a monoclonal antibody directed against the mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR revealed HuR mRNA binding activity in aortic extracts, which was absent in extracts from YC-1-stimulated aortas. YC-1 decreased the expression of HuR, and this decrease was prevented by NS2028. Similarly, down-regulation of HuR by RNA interference in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells decreased alpha(1) mRNA and protein expression. We conclude that HuR protects the guanylyl cyclase alpha(1) mRNA by binding to the 3'-untranslated region. Activation of guanylyl cyclase decreases HuR expression, inducing a rapid degradation of guanylyl cyclase alpha(1) mRNA and lowering alpha(1) subunit expression as a negative feedback response.
Evaluation of immunization with gut membrane glycoproteins of <i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i> against homologous challenge in calves and against <i>Haemonchus contortus </i>in sheep (2000)

Peanut and ConA lectins were used as ligands to isolate glycoproteins from detergent extracts of adult Ostertagia ostertagi membranes. As judged by their profiles following SDS-PAGE, these fractions closely resembled the equivalents from Haemonchus contortus which are derived from the nematode intestinal cell microvillar membranes and which are highly protective when used as antigens. Groups of calves were immunized with the peanut and ConA binding fractions of Ostertagia, either as separate or pooled antigens mixed with QuilA as adjuvant. All calves, including controls immunized with adjuvant only, were challenged with a single dose of infective Ostertagia larvae and faecal egg counts were monitored for 5 weeks. In two experiments where the antigen fractions were pooled, moderate (30-50%), but statistically significant reductions in egg output were observed, but the number of worms was not diminished. No significant protection was observed in a third trial where groups of calves were immunized with peanut or ConA binding proteins given separately. Two further trials were conducted in sheep immunized with the same Ostertagia fractions but challenged with Haemonchus. Irrespective of whether they were administered separately or together, the Ostertagia antigens cross protected efficiently against Haemonchus reducing egg counts by between 81% and 97% and worm numbers by between 57% and 84%.
Solving robust optimization models in finance (2002)

Leading international financial firms are applying multi-stage stochastic programs for managing asset-liability risk over extended time periods. Prominent examples include: Towers Perrin, State Farm Insurance, Falcon Asset Management, Frank Russell and Unilever. The asset-liability management systems assist pension plan investors, banks, insurance companies and other leveraged institutions. Wealthy individuals can benefit by developing careful risk management strategies. The advantages of integrating assets and liabilities are discussed along with a brief comparison of alternative modeling frameworks. We describe the advantages of high-performance computers for solving these difficult nonlinear robust optimization problems.
Tracking Local Unions Involved in Managerial Decision-Making (2006)

This paper reviews the empirical literature on the impact of union and worker participation in managerial decision-making on the union as an institution. It then looks at the experience over time of eleven local unions heavily involved in various forms of participation, trac ing both the trajectory of participation and union outcomes. The outcomes examined include membership levels, member participa tion, leadership development, internal politics, collective bargaining and grievance handling impacts, and enterprise unionism. Analyses of these cases suggest that participation may be declining. At the same time, participation does not seem to have profoundly altered the nature and functioning of these unions. Further, participation does not appear to "cause" enterprise unionism, but local unions that are isolated economically and politically do have trouble coping with participation. Finally, overall, these local unions often lack resources to do both participation and their traditional functions well.
The Current and Future State of Vaccines, Antivirals and Gene Therapies Against Emerging Coronaviruses (2020)

Emerging coronaviruses (CoV) are constant global public health threats to society. Multiple ongoing clinical trials for vaccines and antivirals against CoVs showcase the availability of medical interventions to both prevent and treat the future emergence of highly pathogenic CoVs in human. However, given the diverse nature of CoVs and our close interactions with wild, domestic and companion animals, the next epidemic zoonotic CoV could resist the existing vaccines and antivirals developed, which are primarily focused on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV). In late 2019, the novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, causing global public health concern. In this review, we will summarize the key advancements of current vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as well as discuss the challenge and opportunity in the current SARS-CoV-2 crisis. At the end, we advocate the development of a "plug-and-play" platform technologies that could allow quick manufacturing and administration of broad-spectrum countermeasures in an outbreak setting. We will discuss the potential of AAV-based gene therapy technology for <i>in vivo</i> therapeutic antibody delivery to combat SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the future emergence of severe CoVs.
Motor Coordination and Balance in Rodents (2001)

Measurement of motor coordination and balance can be used not only to assess the effect of drugs or other experimental manipulations on mice and rats, but also to characterize the motor phenotype of transgenic or knock-out animals. Three well established and widely used protocols for measuring motor coordination and balance in mice and rats (rotarod, beam walking and footprint analysis) are described in this unit. The tests can be used equally well for rats and mice, and have been used both for the phenotypic characterization of transgenic mice and for evaluating the effects of lesions and aging in rats. The protocols are described in the primary context of testing mice, but modifications of the test apparatus or variations in the test parameters for assessment of rats are noted.
Somatic Mutations in the Connexin 40 Gene ( <i>GJA5</i> ) in Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

Mutations in GJA5 may predispose patients to idiopathic atrial fibrillation by impairing gap-junction assembly or electrical coupling. Our data suggest that common diseases traditionally considered to be idiopathic may have a genetic basis, with mutations confined to the diseased tissue.
Single neuron computation (1992)

This book contains twenty-two original contributions that provide a comprehensive overview of computational approaches to understanding a single neuron structure. The focus on cellular-level processes is twofold. From a computational neuroscience perspective, a thorough understanding of the information processing performed by single neurons leads to an understanding of circuit- and systems-level activity. From the standpoint of artificial neural networks (ANNs), a single real neuron is as complex an operational unit as an entire ANN, and formalizing the complex computations performed by real n
NO skeletal muscle derived relaxing factor in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Software radio-impacts and implications (2002)

Reconfigurable 'soft' terminals for personal communications were proposed at least five years ago. However, it is only in the past two years that such concepts have gained serious marketplace credibility. We postulate the implications of software radio, developing a possible evolutionary scenario. We expect software radio to impact initially at the service and applications level, as a tool to allow rapid and flexible service customisation and new degrees of operator differentiation, pre-dating UMTS. As availability of low-power, low-cost processing increases, so penetration further down the OSI protocol stack may be expected. Multiple air interfaces could eventually be accommodated by software radio using over-the-air-reconfiguration, OTAR. However other alternatives, such card-based software update, could offer more attractive solutions.
STED Super-Resolution Microscopy of Clinical Paraffin-Embedded Human Rectal Cancer Tissue (2014)

Formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissue resected during cancer surgery is indispensable for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and represents a vast and largely unexploited resource for research. Optical microscopy of such specimen is curtailed by the diffraction-limited resolution of conventional optical microscopy. To overcome this limitation, we used STED super-resolution microscopy enabling optical resolution well below the diffraction barrier. We visualized nanoscale protein distributions in sections of well-annotated paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer tissue stored in a clinical repository. Using antisera against several mitochondrial proteins, STED microscopy revealed distinct sub-mitochondrial protein distributions, suggesting a high level of structural preservation. Analysis of human tissues stored for up to 17 years demonstrated that these samples were still amenable for super-resolution microscopy. STED microscopy of sections of HER2 positive rectal adenocarcinoma revealed details in the surface and intracellular HER2 distribution that were blurred in the corresponding conventional images, demonstrating the potential of super-resolution microscopy to explore the thus far largely untapped nanoscale regime in tissues stored in biorepositories.