gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Osmotic Regulation of Hydrolytic Enzyme Production in Germinating Barley Seeds (1971)

alpha-Amylase levels in intact seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) reach a maximum at 3 to 4 days of germination while gibberellin levels continue to increase beyond 6 days of germination. In contrast to its effect on half seeds, gibberellic acid does not increase the total amount of alpha-amylase produced in germinating seeds. The inability of gibberellic acid to stimulate alpha-amylase production is not related to its availability; rather, evidence suggests that a factor(s) in whole seeds prevents further enhancement of alpha-amylase formation and accumulation. Hydrolysis products accumulate in the subaleurone space of the endosperm of germinating seeds up to concentrations of 570 milliosmolar. Chromatography of these hydrolysis products indicate the presence of maltose and glucose. Calculations based on reducing sugar determinations show that glucose accounts for as much as 57% of the solutes present in the endosperm fluid. Both maltose and glucose in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 M effectively inhibit the production of alpha-amylase by isolated barley aleurone layers. This inhibition is quantitatively similar to that brought about by solutions of polyethylene glycol and mannitol. On the basis of these data we propose that hydrolysis products which accumulate in the starchy endosperm of germinating seeds function to regulate the production of hydrolytic enzymes by the aleurone layer.
Rituximab in auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a Belgian retrospective multicentric study (2009)

This study confirms that rituximab induces responses in a majority of previously treated patients with AIHA and ITP. Response duration generally exceeds 1 year. Retreatment with rituximab in responding patients is most often successful. The outcome of patients who fail on rituximab is poor. We were not able to identify pretreatment patient characteristics predicting for response.
Excitation of the 4 1 S Level of Helium by Hydrogen Impact (1968)

The 10<sup>13</sup>-10<sup>14</sup> microorganisms present in the human gut (collectively known as the human gut microbiota) dedicate substantial percentages of their genomes to the degradation and uptake of carbohydrates, indicating the importance of this class of molecules. Carbohydrates function not only as a carbon source for these bacteria but also as a means of attachment to the host, and a barrier to infection of the host. In this Review, we focus on the diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), how gut microorganisms use them for carbohydrate degradation, the different chemical mechanisms of these CAZymes and the roles that these microorganisms and their CAZymes have in human health and disease. We also highlight examples of how enzymes from this treasure trove have been used in manipulation of the microbiota for improved health and treatment of disease, in remodelling the glycans on biopharmaceuticals and in the potential production of universal O-type donor blood.
Desensitization of N-Formylpeptide Receptor-mediated Activation Is Dependent upon Receptor Phosphorylation (1997)

The human N-formylpeptide receptor (FPR) represents one of the most thoroughly studied leukocyte chemoattractant receptors. Despite this, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation and desensitization of this receptor. To assess the role of phosphorylation in receptor function, U937 promonocytic cells were stably transfected to express the recombinant human FPR. Three mutant forms of the FPR lacking specific serine and threonine residues in the receptor C terminus were studied with respect to activation and desensitization. Replacement of all 11 serine and threonine residues within the C terminus by alanine and glycine residues (DeltaST) resulted in a receptor capable of ligand binding and G protein activation similar to the wild-type receptor. However, whereas the wild-type FPR was phosphorylated on both serine and threonine residues upon exposure to agonist and displayed a significantly reduced ability to stimulate G protein-mediated GTP hydrolysis upon subsequent exposure to agonist, DeltaST demonstrated a complete lack of phosphorylation and displayed little alteration in its ability to stimulate G protein-mediated GTP hydrolysis upon a subsequent exposure to agonist. In addition to desensitization of G protein-mediated GTP hydrolysis, calcium mobilization was assayed to test whether desensitization occurred at a site distal to G protein activation. However, as observed with G protein activation, DeltaST underwent no desensitization of the calcium mobilization response upon a second exposure to agonist. To define more precisely the role of specific serine and threonine residues, two additional mutants were analyzed. Replacement either of Ser328, Thr329, Thr331, and Ser332 (mutant A) or of Thr334, Thr336, Ser338, and Thr339 (mutant B) resulted in functional receptors that exhibited approximately 50% the level of phosphorylation following stimulation. Whereas mutant A, like DeltaST, could not be significantly desensitized by exposure to agonist, mutant B exhibited partial desensitization. These results indicate that phosphorylation of the FPR is a necessary and sufficient step in cellular desensitization, that multiple phosphorylation sites are involved, and that redundant desensitization does not occur downstream of G protein activation in the signaling cascade.
Mission Planning and Monitoring for Heterogeneous Unmanned Vehicle Teams: A Human-Centered Perspective (2007)

Future unmanned systems in the military will be highly heterogeneous in nature, with vehicles from multiple domains—aerial, underwater, and land—working in collaborative teams to complete a variety of missions. The complexity of supervising these teams will be enormous and will rely on human creativity, judgment, and experience. Therefore, the design and development of mission planning and monitoring technologies must be rooted in a deep understanding of the human operator's role as mission manager, and must effectively address the reasoning skills and limitations of both the human and autonomous intelligent system. In this paper we present our work to approach these supervisory issues from a human-centered perspective. We first review the findings of a cognitive task analysis, through which we defined critical informational requirements and developed display interfaces for human operators developing and executing mission plans for a small team of underwater and aerial unmanned vehicles. These findings raise several operations issues for unmanned vehicle management, namely (1) vehicle and task heterogeneity and (2) the coordination of command and control across a vehicle team. We discuss the impact of both of these design requirements on the human-centered development of mission planning tools for unmanned systems. Finally, we introduce an investigative approach to support the rapid evaluation of interfaces that flexibly accommodate alternative command and control philosophies for heterogeneous automated systems using a combination of modeling and human-in-the-loop evaluation processes
Measurement of refractive nonlinearities in GaAs above bandgap energy (2000)

We present a technique for single-beam measurement of the optical nonlinearity in GaAs for photon energies above the bandgap. We measured the real and the imaginary parts of the nonlinear refractive index of a bulk crystal by using the change in reflection of dye laser pulses (10 ns, 538 nm). The values obtained, n(2) = (7.8 ? 0.6) x 10(-8) cm(2)/W and kappa(2) = (-2.8 ? 0.7) x 10(-8) cm(2)/W, are discussed.
A bioinformatic framework for immune repertoire diversity profiling enables detection of immunological status (2015)

Our framework offers the possibility to advance immune-repertoire-based fingerprinting, which may in the future enable a systems immunogenomics approach for vaccine profiling and the accurate and early detection of disease and infection.
Quantum decoherence and thermalization at finite temperature within the canonical-thermal-state ensemble (2016)

We study measures of decoherence and thermalization of a quantum system $S$ in the presence of a quantum environment (bath) $E$. The entirety $S+E$ is prepared in a canonical-thermal state at a finite temperature; that is, the entirety is in a steady state. Both our numerical results and theoretical predictions show that measures of the decoherence and the thermalization of $S$ are generally finite, even in the thermodynamic limit, when the entirety $S+E$ is at finite temperature. Notably, applying perturbation theory with respect to the system-environment coupling strength, we find that under common Hamiltonian symmetries, up to first order in the coupling strength it is sufficient to consider $S$ uncoupled from $E$, but entangled with $E$, to predict decoherence and thermalization measures of $S$. This decoupling allows closed-form expressions for perturbative expansions for the measures of decoherence and thermalization in terms of the free energies of $S$ and of $E$. Large-scale numerical results for both coupled and uncoupled entireties with up to 40 quantum spins support these findings.
An experimental technique for in vivo permittivity measurement of materials at microwave frequencies (1990)

A procedure for making in vivo dielectric measurements with an open-ended coaxial line probe is discussed. The theory behind the technique is discussed, along with a correction method to account for the system imperfections. Experimental results are compared with data for the lumped parameter model approach and a mathematically sound integral equation method available in the literature. The results show good agreement, with the exception of the lumped parameter technique, which deviates at higher frequencies. The limitations of this technique are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>p</i>-type conductivity control of ZnSe highly doped with nitrogen by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (1990)

p-type ZnSe with resistivity low enough for device application has been realized by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy. This method has enabled growth of p-type ZnSe doped with nitrogen at concentrations as high as 1019 cm−3 by using ammonia as a dopant source. The dependence of photoluminescence and electrical properties on substrate temperature has been investigated. Hall measurements show p-type conductivity with a resistivity of 0.57 Ω cm, a carrier concentration of 5.6×1017 cm−3, and a Hall mobility of 20 cm2/V s.
Effect of Local Hemostatics on Platelet Aggregation (1991)

The platelets play an important role in the normal hemostasis, and it is known that both natural and synthetic macromolecules may induce platelet activation and aggregation. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the platelet aggregating effect of five different local hemostatics. Platelet aggregation was assessed by aggregometry. Unwoven fleece of bovine collagen polymer in fibrillar form induced aggregation in combination with small amounts of platelet agonists; ADP and adrenaline. Ordinary, nonabsorbable bone wax also induced aggregation in combination with the agonists, but larger concentrations of agonists were needed. Bioerodible polyorthoester with physical properties such as bone wax, oxidized cellulose and gelatin sponge did not promote platelet aggregation.
Antimicrobial activity of selected South African medicinal plants (2012)

The overall results of the present work provide baseline information for the possible use of the studied South African plant extracts in the treatment of microbial infections.
Protein B23 is an important human factor for the nucleolar localization of the human immunodeficiency virus protein Tat (1997)

Nucleolar shuttle protein B23 was found to bind to human immunodeficiency virus protein Tat, and this binding required the nucleolar localization motif of Tat. A fusion protein containing the B23 binding domain and beta-galactosidase caused mislocalization of Tat to the cytoplasm and inhibited the transactivation activity of Tat. These data suggest that B23 is a human factor necessary for the nucleolar localization of Tat.
In Situ Studies of Nitridation of Zirconia (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) (2001)

The nitridation of an amorphous ZrO2 ·H2O precursor with gaseous ammonia has been studied by in situ X-ray powder diffraction (temperature range 25−1100 °C), electron diffraction (temperature range 25−800 °C), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an environmental cell (e-cell). The results show that under the conditions in the e-cell of a transmission microscope (PNH3 = 2 Torr) a cubic nitrogen-containing phase is formed at 820 °C. This phase has low nitrogen content with no superstructure reflections, confirming the absence of anion/vacancy ordering. X-ray diffraction results under an ammonia partial pressure of 760 Torr show that at 1100 °C, 500 °C below the usual temperature for the tetragonal to cubic phase transition in zirconia, a cubic phase is formed that must be due to the incorporation of nitrogen into the anion lattice. On slow cooling from 1100 °C some superstructure reflections related to the fluorite structure have been observed, on account of the ordering of the anion/vacancies. The EELS data show that the color of the samples can be related to the overall nitrogen content in the samples; i.e., the color changes from green to yellow to white as the nitrogen content in the sample decreases.
An efficient Co–N–C oxygen reduction catalyst with highly dispersed Co sites derived from a ZnCo bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework (2016)

Highly dispersed Co sites loaded on porous N-doped carbon are obtained by pyrolysis of ZnCo bimetallic ZIF with low Co percentage, which exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Production of mycelial protein and hydrolytic enzymes from paper mill sludges by cellulolytic fungi (1987)

Characterization of lignocellulosic wastes from three paper mills in New York State indicated that a kraft mill sludge contained substantial quantities of utilizable cellulose and hemicellulose. This residue was tested as a carbon source for seven cellulolytic fungi.Trichoderma reesei DAOM 167654 accumulated a product of over 22% crude protein, and caused a conversion of sludge to protein of almost 15% in 3 days growth in shake flasks.T. reesei also produced the highest levels of cellulase, whileT. longibrachiatum produced more xylanase (35 units/ml) than other fungi examined.
Laser speckle reduction via colloidal-dispersion-filled projection screens (2009)

We use projection screens filled with colloidal dispersions to reduce laser speckle in laser projection systems. Laser light is multiply scattered at the globules of the colloidal dispersion's internal phase, which do Brownian movement. The integration time of the human eye causes a perception of a reduced laser speckle contrast because of temporal averaging. As a counteracting effect, blurring of projected images occurs in the colloidal dispersion, which degrades image quality. We measure and compare speckle reduction and blurring of three different colloidal dispersions filled into transmission screens of different thicknesses. We realized a high speckle contrast reduction at simultaneously low blurring with a thin screen filled with a highly scattering colloidal dispersion with forward-peaked scattering. We realize speckle contrast values below 3% at acceptable blurring.
Wearable Sensors for Human Activity Monitoring: A Review (2014)

An increase in world population along with a significant aging portion is forcing rapid rises in healthcare costs. The healthcare system is going through a transformation in which continuous monitoring of inhabitants is possible even without hospitalization. The advancement of sensing technologies, embedded systems, wireless communication technologies, nano technologies, and miniaturization makes it possible to develop smart systems to monitor activities of human beings continuously. Wearable sensors detect abnormal and/or unforeseen situations by monitoring physiological parameters along with other symptoms. Therefore, necessary help can be provided in times of dire need. This paper reviews the latest reported systems on activity monitoring of humans based on wearable sensors and issues to be addressed to tackle the challenges.
Wittgenstein and Haydn on Understanding Music (2006)

Wittgenstein's remarks about music have motivated philosophers to build a comprehensive picture of his philosophy of music, concentrating on the central issues of musical meaning. It is often claimed that, according to Wittgenstein, understanding music consist in grasping the internal relationships between musical events. Musical practice, however, is naturally saturated with what philosophers often call extra-musical meanings. The present study, by considering a musical issue in Haydn's instrumental music, attempts to show that musical language games in the Wittgensteinian sense involve explanations of music that enhance the listener's ability to understand music by broadening his musical competence. Nevertheless, constituting understanding of music, these explanations might use professional musical terms as well as non-musical terms, comparisons, gestures and so on. Thus, though music does not goes beyond itself in the sense of being understood through correlations between purely musical "concepts" and extra-musical contents, it does go beyond itself in musical practice, which involves understanding music through explanations and descriptions of music using various kinds of terms and images.
Positronium annihilation in amine‐cured epoxy polymers (1986)

Abstract Positronium annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) has been used to study the microstructural properties of amine‐cured epoxy polymers. We have determined the free‐volume “hole” sizes in these polymers by comparing the observed ortho ‐positronium lifetimes with the known lifetime–free volume correlation for low‐molecular‐weight systems. The free volumes for four epoxies with different crosslink densities are found to vary significantly over the temperature range between −78° and 250°C. The free‐volume holes for these polymers are found to range from 0.025 to 0.220 nm 3 . Two important transition temperatures were found: one corresponds to the glass transition temperature T g determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the other occurs about 80–130°C below T g . The sub‐ T g transition temperature is interpreted tentatively as being where hole size reaches dimensions adequate for positronium trapping or else the onset temperature for local mode or side‐chain motions. These two transition temperatures plus two additional onset temperatures are found to be correlated with crosslink densities calculated from stoichiometry.
Amides of vegetable origin. Part XII. A new series of alka-2,4-dienoic tyramine-amides from Anacyclus pyrethrum D.C. (Compositae) (1969)

Anacyclus pyrethrum D.C. (Compositae) contains N-(2′-p-hydroxyphenylethyl) deca-, dodeca-, and tetradeca-trans-2, trans-4-dienamide, a new series of tyramine amides corresponding to isobutylamides which this plant produces. The tyramides, and the corresponding isobutylamides, are synthesised stereospecifically by phosphonatenaion synthesis. Anacyclus pyrethrum is found to contain the lignan (+)-sesamin and attention is drawn to the cooccurrence of lipid (and other) amides with lignans in a number of plants from three families (Compositae, Piperaceae, and Rutaceae).
High performance switched reluctance drives using novel windings (1996)

This paper describes a novel form of switched reluctance motor and considers its suitability for an electric vehicle drive application. The paper first describes the principles of operation and then progresses to compare the new machine with both conventional SRMs and permanent magnet machines, examining both torque density achieved within the machine and converter volt-ampere requirement in the power electronic converter. (5 pages)
Preparation and Immunological Characteristics of Biologically Active Radioiodinated Human Calcitonin* (1977)

Synthetic human calcitonin (hCT) was radioiodinated by electrolysis and chloramine-T oxidation. The electrolytic method was adapted for practicable quantities of hormone and isotope with no loss in efficiency of labeling. The immunological characterisitcs of the two hormone preparations were nearly identical using four calcitonin antisera with specificities for the regions 17-21, 17-29, 28-29, and 29-32 of hCT, respectively. However, only the electrolytically-labeled preparation retained full ability to produce hypocalcemia in vivo and stimulate cyclic AMP production in kidney homogenates of the rat. In addition, the electrolytically-iodinated hormone remained nearly homogeneous during 104 days of storage and the specific activity as measured by radioimmunoassay remained constant during one half-life of the isotope. These studies demonstrate that electrolytic iodination of hCT results in a tracer which is immunochemically stable and biologically active.
Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-308 Gene Polymorphism with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Chinese (2003)

Purpose: Genetic factors are known to play a role in the etiology of glaucoma, and in particular the role of immune system is highly suspected. In this study, we evaluated the association between tumor necrosis factor alpha-308 (TNF a-308) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Sixty POAG patients and one hundred and three healthy volunteers as control group were enrolled in this case controlled study. Furthermore, we used polymerase chain reaction based analysis to resolve the TNF a-308 polymorphism. Statistical analysis for the relative risk of TNF a -308 polymorphism was compared by the chi-square test Results: There were significant differences in the distribution of the polymorphism between the POAG patients and the control subjects (p=0.00016; p
Statistical Memristor-Based Temperature Sensors without Analog-to-Digital Conversion (2018)

On-chip thermal sensors are essential devices to run modern complicated semiconductor devices safely. The on-chip temperature sensors should be accurate and efficient since we need a number of on-chip temperature sensors to cover the chip-level thermal management. Recently, there have been several attempts to utilize the temperature-dependent properties of memristor devices for temperature sensing. An approach tries to measure the change of resistance after the fixed duration of a write current pulse, and the other attempts to measure the write time variation to complete the memristor state change. In this paper, we propose a statistical method to estimate the temperature without voltage or period measurement. Instead of measuring the write time of the single cell, the proposed method counts the intermediate states of the multiple memristor cells after a certain period of the write accesses where the memristor cells preserve its states with the non-volatility. And then, it quantifies the impact of temperature on the state of the cell array considering a process variation. It provides a completely digital way for temperature estimation without any measurement circuit and analog-to-digital conversion. We investigate the feasibility of the proposed method and tackle some expected design issues. The analysis results show that the proposed statistical temperature sensing method may significantly reduce the power consumption with reasonable timing overhead.