gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moving object tracking algorithm based on Camshift and Kim algorithms (2010)

The moving object tracking algorithm based on the combination of Kim and Camshift algorithms is put forward to track partially masked moving objects quickly and exactly.Firstly,the Kim algorithm(frame difference combined with background difference between frames) is applied to extract the moving object automatically,which is then used to confirm the centroid of its moving region.After that,the feature of the moving region is extracted to track the target using the Camshift algorithm.This method gets rid of the requirement of manual positioning,and overcomes the shortcomings of traditional Camshift algorithm such as the missing of partially masked objects or the deviation of tracking regions.At last,some experiments are performed to verify the robustness of this algorithm for partially masked moving object tracking.
Conjugation of Haptens (2008)

Many naturally occurring proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids, as well as synthetic peptides, are successful immunogens. To elicit an immune response, a compound must contain an antigenic determinant or epitope and must be of sufficient size to initiate lymphocyte activation necessary for an antibody response. In practice, small chemical compounds (haptens) are generally not good immunogens. However, when attached to macromolecules (carriers), they can become immunogenic. An immunogen must have epitopes that can be recognized by antigen-presenting cells and a T-cell receptor, and it must be degradable. Haptens and corresponding hapten-carrier conjugates have been essential to the development of sensitive quantitative and qualitative immunoassays. In the design of hapten conjugates, consideration must be given to the hapten, the carrier, the coupling strategy, and the hapten density because the amount of hapten attached to the carrier influences the strength of the immune response directed toward the newly created antigenic determinant. Hence the haptenic density of the conjugate is also important in the development of immunoassays. The optimal epitope density of a conjugate to elicit either a strong immune response or provide the best immunoassay is dependent on the structure of the epitope and the nature of the immunoassay. The aim of this chapter is to describe the diverse techniques used to couple haptens to carriers and provide guidance in the selection of the most appropriate procedure for a particular hapten.
Size control of laser-fabricated surfactant-free gold nanoparticles with highly diluted electrolytes and their subsequent bioconjugation (2012)

Size control of laser-fabricated surfactant-free gold nanoparticles is a challenging endeavor. In this work, we show that size control can be achieved by adding ions with low salinity during synthesis. In addition, this approach offers the opportunity to fundamentally study ion interactions with bare nanoparticle surfaces and can help to elucidate the nanoparticle formation mechanism. The studies were carried out in a flow-through reactor and in the presence of NaCl, NaBr and sodium phosphate buffer at minimal ionic strengths. A significant size quenching effect at ionic strengths from 1-50 μM was found, which allowed surfactant-free nanoparticle size control with average diameters of 6-30 nm. This effect went along with low polydispersity and minimal aggregation tendencies and was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, SEM and analytical disk centrifugation. Our findings indicate that size quenching originates from an anionic electrostatic stabilization depending on the nanoparticle surface area, which may be caused by specific ion adsorption. By subsequent delayed bioconjugation in liquid-flow using bovine serum albumin as a stabilizing agent, nano-bioconjugates with good stability in cell culture media were obtained, which are applicable in toxicology and cell biology.
Submandibular gland needle biopsy for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease (2014)

This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing needle core biopsies of the submandibular gland in living patients with PD to assess LTS. Although this was a small study, this tissue biopsy method may be important for tissue confirmation of PD in patients being considered for invasive procedures and in research studies of other PD biomarkers.
Two strawberry slugs (1914)

Most Iowa strawberry growers, are more or less acquainted with the "slugs” that eat holes through the leaves of strawberry plants in the spring. Few, however, are aware that there are two kinds, appearing at different times, and with somewhat different habits. One has at times been abundant and even destructive in Iowa.\nOne of these slugs appears and gets in most of its injury before the strawberries are ripe; the other does not appear until about the time the fruit is ripe. The first- species (Empria fragariae) may be called the “early strawberry slug,” and the second (Empria maculata), the “late strawberry slug.”
Compact uniplanar antenna for WLAN applications (2007)

A compact dual-band uniplanar antenna for operation in the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN/HIPERLAN2 communication bands is presented. The dual-band antenna is obtained by modifying one of the lateral strips of a slot line, thereby producing two different current paths. The antenna occupies a very small area of 14.5×16.6 mm2 including the ground plane on a substrate having dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm at 2.2 GHz. The antenna resonates with two bands from 2.2 to 2.52 GHz and from 5 to 10 GHz with good matching, good radiation characteristics and moderate gain.
Synthesis of 3'-cyano-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-formyladenosine (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 3'-cyano-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-formyladenosineDong Yu and Marc D'AlarcaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 13, 3240–3242Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00274a063https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00274a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A review on hydraulic fracturing of unconventional reservoir (2015)

Hydraulic fracturing is widely accepted and applied to improve the gas recovery in unconventional reservoirs. Unconventional reservoirs to be addressed here are with very low permeability, complicated geological settings and in-situ stress field etc. All of these make the hydraulic fracturing process a challenging task. In order to effectively and economically recover gas from such reservoirs, the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fracturing in the heterogeneous fractured/porous media under such complicated conditions should be mastered. In this paper, some issues related to hydraulic fracturing have been reviewed, including the experimental study, field study and numerical simulation. Finally the existing problems that need to be solved on the subject of hydraulic fracturing have been proposed.
A New Acrylic Tissue Adhesive for Conjunctival Surgery: Experimental Study (2003)

ADAL-2 tissue adhesive is an efficient conjunctival closure method, very well tolerated by the ocular surface. Its sealing efficiency and its tolerance are similar to 8/0 polyglactin sutures. This new acrylic adhesive has a potential as an alternative for surgical conjunctival sealing in ophthalmic surgery.
Structural and electrical properties of (Ti0.9Zr0.1)Si2 thin films on Si(111) (1994)

Alloy films of Ti and up to 20% Zr were prepared by codeposition onto Si(111) surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum. After in situ thermal annealing at temperatures of ∼600 °C, the films form the C49 phase and are stable in this phase up to at least 910 °C. In contrast, Ti films on Si(111) initially react to form the C49 phase and transform to the C54 phase at ∼700 °C. The surfaces of the (Ti0.9Zr0.1)Si2 alloy films are studied by atomic force microscopy and are shown to be smoother than the surfaces of TiSi2 films on Si substrates. In addition the tendency to island formation is also not observed for annealing temperatures less than 910 °C. The sheet resistivity of the (Ti0.9Zr0.1)Si2 alloy films is found to be ∼46 μΩ cm for annealing temperatures from 600 to 910 °C.
Stabilization of Folded Peptide and Protein Structures via Distance Matching with a Long, Rigid Cross-Linker (2007)

Intramolecular cross-linking is predicted to stabilize the folded state of peptides and proteins most effectively if the cross-linker provides a rigid link that is well-matched in end-to-end distance with attachment sites in the peptide or protein. We describe a thiol-reactive sulfonated alkyne-based cross-linker that is demonstrably more effective than more flexible counterparts. Exceptional stabilization of helical structure in short peptides is obtained.
The N ovel Method of North - finding Based on the Skylight Polarization (2013)

A novel technology of north-finding is introduced. Taking the relatively stable distribution of the skylight polarization as the information source, the angle between the carrier's long axis and the solar meridian is obtained by using the polarization-sensitive compass designed firstly. And then the angle is rectified by using the sun's current azimuth to determine the angle between the carrier's long axis and the geographical north-south finally to accomplish the task of north-finding. The experiment result shows that the angle between the carrier's long axis and the solar meridian is achieved effectively and the north can be found instantly.
Endothelin‐2, the forgotten isoform: emerging role in the cardiovascular system, ovarian development, immunology and cancer (2011)

Endothelin-2 [ET-2; also known as vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC), in rodents] differs from endothelin-1 (ET-1) by only two amino acids, and unlike the third isoform, endothelin-3 (ET-3), it has the same affinity as ET-1 for both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. It is often assumed that ET-2 would mimic the actions of the more abundant ET-1 and current pharmacological interventions used to inhibit the ET system would also block the actions of ET-2. These assumptions have focused research on ET-1 with ET-2 studied in much less detail. Recent research suggests that our understanding of the ET family requires re-evaluation. Although ET-2 is very similar in structure as well as pharmacology to ET-1, and may co-exist in the same tissue compartments, there is converging evidence for an important and distinct ET-2 pathway. Specifically is has been demonstrated that ET-2 has a key role in ovarian physiology, with ET-2-mediated contraction proposed as a final signal facilitating ovulation. Furthermore, ET-2 may also have a pathophysiological role in heart failure, immunology and cancer. Comparison of ET-2 versus ET-1 mRNA expression suggests this may be accomplished at the level of gene expression but differences may also exist in peptide synthesis by enzymes such as endothelin converting enzymes (ECEs) and chymase, which may allow the two pathways to be distinguished pharmacologically and become separate drug targets. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Endothelin. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.168.issue-1.
Confluent Drawings: Visualizing Non-planar Diagrams in a Planar Way (2002)

In this paper, we introduce a new approach for drawing diagrams that have applications in software visualization. Our approach is to use a technique we call confluent drawing for visualizing non-planar diagrams in a planar way. This approach allows us to draw, in a crossing-free manner, graphs--such as software interaction diagrams--that would normally have many crossings. The main idea of this approach is quite simple: we allow groups of edges to be merged together and drawn as "tracks" (similar to train tracks). Producing such confluent diagrams automatically from a graph with many crossings is quite challenging, however, so we offer two heuristic algorithms to test if a non-planar graph can be drawn efficiently in a confluent way. In addition, we identify several large classes of graphs that can be completely categorized as being either confluently drawable or confluently non-drawable.
Characteristics of p-type ZnSe Layers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy with Radical Doping (1991)

p-type ZnSe layers have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy using nitrogen radical doping. We have employed Pt as the electrode material for p-type ZnSe. The Pt electrodes markedly reduced contact resistances. The p-type conduction was confirmed by Hall measurement. Carrier concentration was 4.4×10 15 cm -3 . Hall mobility was as high as 86 cm 2 /V·s because of good crystallinity. The p-type ZnSe layers exhibited the 2.616-eV emission from recombination between free electrons and acceptor holes (FA) in room-temperature photoluminescence measurement. The FA emission provides evidence that the layers are p-type ZnSe.
A full-scale operation of a novel activated sludge process without excess sludge production (1996)

The authors have presented a new concept of excess sludge elimination treatment with recirculation of sludge via ozonation in the activated sludge process. This paper is intended to clarify the potential application of the process to municipal and industrial wastewater treatments. In a full-scale operational experiment lasting 10 months under 550 kg/d of BOD loading, no excess sludge was needed to be withdrawn and no significant accumulation of inorganic solids occurred in the aeration tank. Most of the inorganic compounds in the sludge were released to the soluble phase. Material balance indicated that one-third of ozonated sludge was mineralized via the recirculation treatment, and thereby the requirement of sludge mass to be treated was 3.3 times as much as sludge to be eliminated. Effluent TOC was slightly higher than under the conventional activated sludge process, indicating that refractory TOC was released from the sludge eliminated by treatment. The amount of released TOC corresponded to less than 2 weight % of eliminated sludge under recirculation rates below 30% of total biomass in the aeration tank in a day, but increased at higher recirculation rates. The operation costs associated with the process were estimated to be lower than those of conventional dewatering and disposal.
POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY.: The Apple Maggot in British Columbia (1919)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Monophosphoryl lipid A-induced immune enhancement of Brucella abortus salt-extractable protein and lipopolysaccharide vaccines in BALB/c mice. (1992)

A study was conducted to determine the effect of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and trehalose dimycolate (TDM) as adjuvants on the protective responses in BALB/c mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus salt-extractable protein (BCSP) or proteinase-K-treated B abortus lipopolysaccharide (PKLPS). Mice were vaccinated with different doses of BCSP or PKLPS given alone or in combination with MPL or TDM. Mice were challenge-exposed 4 weeks later with virulent B abortus strain 2308. Two weeks after challenge exposure, the number of B abortus colony-forming units (CFU) per spleen, spleen weights, and spleen cell interleukin 1 production were measured. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations specific for vaccinal immunogens were measured before and after challenge exposure with B abortus. Spleen weights and mean B abortus CFU per vaccine group were significantly lower in BCSP- and PKLPS-vaccinated mice, compared with those of nonvaccinated control mice. Monophosphoryl lipid A enhanced the suppression of splenic infection when given with the BCSP vaccine, but not when given with the PKLPS vaccine. Trehalose dimycolate had no effect on mean CFU when given with BCSP, but incorporation of TDM resulted in a significant increase in mean CFU when given with PKLPS. Spleen weights in BCSP- or PKLPS-vaccinated mice were not different when these vaccines were combined with MPL or TDM. Because of the wide variation in the results, we could not conclude that vaccination with BCSP or PKLPS alone, or in combination with MPL altered spleen cell interleukin-1 production in B abortus-infected mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Distributed Publish/Subscribe Notification Service for Pervasive Environments (2005)

This thesis provides solutions to the question, how the successfully deployed publish/ subscribe paradigm can be extended to serve as a middleware platform for the use in conjunction with pervasive computing systems. It does so by proposing concrete architectures, algorithms, and frameworks.
Magnetostriction in polycrystalline sputter-deposited TbDyFe films (1994)

Magnetic and microstructural investigations of some polycrystalline rare-earth—transition-metal (RE-TM) alloy thin films are reported. Emphasis was placed on pseudobinary alloys in the (TbxDy1−x)Fe2 and (TbxDy1−x)3Fe4 systems. The films were prepared by sputter deposition onto both room-temperature and high-temperature substrates. Films prepared on room-temperature substrates were amorphous and were crystallized by postdeposition annealing. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction showed and indicated a complex microstructure consisting of small grains of free iron, REFe compounds, and some RE oxide phases. Magnetization, coercivity, and magnetostriction measurements showed the films to be essentially magnetized in plane with a trend across the composition range which reflected the different influences of Tb and Dy and also the compensation condition. Magnetostriction values greater than 0.75×10−3 were found near the Terfenol composition Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2 and for x≳0.3.
Opposed coil magnet calculations for large sample and unilateral nuclear-magnetic resonance (1985)

A magnet configuration has been devised, consisting of two nested coaxial coils with the current in the inner coil circulating in an opposite sense from that in the outer coil. The magnetic field generated by such an opposed pair exhibits a small region of homogeneity outside of the magnet itself, creating the possibility of constructing a unilateral nuclear-magnetic-resonance device capable of examining an object from only one side. Calculations on one special case, the inside-out Helmholtz configuration, indicate a volume of 10 cm3 with homogeneity of ±1% for a coil of outer radius 10 cm, and 0.1 cm3 with 100-ppm homogeneity. A second special case, consisting of two sets of opposed solenoids arranged in a quasi-Helmholtz manner, offers homogeneity comparable to a conventional Helmholtz pair of similar diameter but with an increase in separation of as much as a factor of 2.
Plant genetic resources: Advancing conservation and use through biotechnology (2003)

Conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources is essential to meet the demand for future food security. Advances in biotechnology have generated new opportunities for genetic resources conservation and utilization.  Techniques like in vitro culture and cryopreservation have made it easy to collect and conserve genetic resources, especially of species that are difficult to conserve as seeds. While technologies like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have provided tools that are more sensitive and pathogen specific for seed health testing, tissue culture methods are now widely applied for elimination of systemic diseases such as viruses for safe exchange of germplasm. Molecular markers are increasingly used for screening of germplasm to study genetic diversity, identify redundancies in the collections, test accession stability and integrity, and resolve taxonomic relationships. The technology is also expanding the scope of genetic resources utilization.     Key words: Biotechnology, conservation, plant genetic resources.
Pyruvate kinase type M2 promotes tumour cell exosome release via phosphorylating synaptosome-associated protein 23 (2017)

Tumour cells secrete exosomes that are involved in the remodelling of the tumour-stromal environment and promoting malignancy. The mechanisms governing tumour exosome release, however, remain incompletely understood. Here we show that tumour cell exosomes secretion is controlled by pyruvate kinase type M2 (PKM2), which is upregulated and phosphorylated in tumours. During exosome secretion, phosphorylated PKM2 serves as a protein kinase to phosphorylate synaptosome-associated protein 23 (SNAP-23), which in turn enables the formation of the SNARE complex to allow exosomes release. Direct phosphorylation assay and mass spectrometry confirm that PKM2 phosphorylates SNAP-23 at Ser95. Ectopic expression of non-phosphorylated SNAP-23 mutant (Ser95→Ala95) significantly reduces PKM2-mediated exosomes release whereas expression of selective phosphomimetic SNAP-23 mutants (Ser95→Glu95 but not Ser20→Glu20) rescues the impaired exosomes release induced by PKM2 knockdown. Our findings reveal a non-metabolic function of PKM2, an enzyme associated with tumour cell reliance on aerobic glycolysis, in promoting tumour cell exosome release.
CD1d-Restricted Natural Killer T Cells Can Down-regulate Tumor Immunosurveillance Independent of Interleukin-4 Receptor-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 or Transforming Growth Factor-β (2006)

It has been shown previously that the suppression of tumor immunosurveillance may be a mechanism by which tumors resist immune detection and elimination. In this study, we evaluated the role of the immunoregulatory natural killer T (NKT) cells in the biology of immunosurveillance of osteosarcoma. The K7M2 mouse osteosarcoma cell line was implanted orthotopically into wild-type and NKT cell-deficient CD1d knockout (KO) BALB/c mice, and mice were monitored for growth of primary tumors. Further, we examined the role of CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) cells by depleting the cells in vivo and measuring CTL activity in vitro. We also asked the role of interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling, including IL-13, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) by using gene-disrupted mice or treating mice with cytokine antagonists. We were surprised to find a high rate of rejection of osteosarcoma primary tumors in 88% (14 of 16) of CD1d KO mice compared with syngeneic wild-type BALB/c mice that showed rejection of tumor in <24% of mice. Further studies suggested that the rejection of tumor in CD1d KO mice was dependent on CD8(+) lymphocytes. Distinct from other murine tumor models, the negative regulation induced by CD1d-restricted NKT cells was not dependent on IL-4Ralpha-STAT6 signaling, including IL-13, or on TGF-beta. These data suggest that a novel CD1d-restricted NKT cell-mediated mechanism for tumor immunosuppression is active in the K7M2 osteosarcoma model and that NKT cells can regulate immunosurveillance through more than one pathway.