gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IR-, 1H-NMR- and TLC Examination of New 2-Styrylquinolines with Antibacterial Activity (1995)

Abstract IR- and 1H-NMR-spectra of 6 new 2-(alkoxy- and alkoxy-hydroxystyryl)quinolines with antibacterial activity were tested and it was proved that these compounds contain trans-configuration of substituents to ethylene double bond. TLC- parameters of 2-styrylquinolines were tested in different developing systems: benzene, chloroform, isopropanol and ethylacetate. The optimal conditions for TLC examination of these compounds were determined: silica gel G, developing systems: benzene-ethylacetate (80+20), benzene-acetone (90+10), benzene-methanol (95+5), and Dragendorffs reagent. Using computer correlation analysis the regressive equations expressing the relation between the quantity and area of the chromatographic spots were determined. This was done in order to work out a methodology for quantitative determination of the residual quantities of 2-styrylquinolines in animal products.
Identification of Tumorigenic Cells in <i>KrasG12D</i> -Induced Lung Adenocarcinoma (2011)

We established an inducible Kras(G12D)-driven lung adenocarcinoma in CCSP-rtTA/TetO-Cre/LSL-Kras(G12D) mice that enable pursuits of the cellular and molecular processes involved in Kras-induced tumorigenesis. To investigate the cellular origin of this cancer, we first report a strategy using fluorescence-activated cell sorting fractionation that could highly enrich bronchiolar Clara and alveolar type II cells, respectively. The EpCAM(+)MHCII(-) cells (bronchiolar origin) were more enriched with tumorigenic cells in generating secondary tumors than EpCAM(+)MHCII(+) cells (alveolar origin) in primary tumors that had been already initiated with oncogenic Kras activation. In addition, secondary tumors derived from EpCAM(+)MHCII(-) cells showed diversity of tumor locations compared with those derived from EpCAM(+)MHCII(+) cells. In the alveolar region, secondary tumors from EpCAM(+)MHCII(-) cells expressed not only bronchiolar epithelial marker, panCK, but also differentiation marker, proSPC, consistent with the notion that cancer-initiating cells display not only the abilities for self-renewal but also the features of differentiation to generate heterogeneous tumors with phenotypic diversity. Furthermore, high level of ERK1/2 activation and colony-forming ability as well as lack of Sprouty-2 expression were also observed in EpCAM(+)MHCII(-) cells. Therefore, these results suggest that bronchiolar Clara cells are the origin of cells and tumorigenesis for Kras(G12D)-induced neoplasia in the lungs.
Automatic P-Wave Arrival Detection and Picking with Multiscale Wavelet Analysis for Single-Component Recordings (2003)

We have developed an automatic P -wave arrival detection and picking algorithm based on the wavelet transform and Akaike information criteria (AIC) picker. Wavelet coefficients at high resolutions show the fine structure of the time series, and those at low resolutions characterize its coarse features. Primary features such as the P -wave arrival are retained over several resolution scales, whereas secondary features such as scattered arrivals decay quickly at lower resolutions. We apply the discrete wavelet transform to single-component seismograms through a series of sliding time windows. In each window the AIC autopicker is applied to the thresholded absolute wavelet coefficients at different scales, and we compare the consistency of those picks to determine whether a P -wave arrival has been detected in the given time window. The arrival time is then determined using the AIC picker on the time window chosen by the wavelet transform. We test our method on regional earthquake data from the Dead Sea Rift region and local earthquake data from the Parkfield, California region. We find that 81% of picks are within 0.2-sec of the corresponding analyst pick for the Dead Sea dataset, and 93% of picks are within 0.1 sec of the analyst pick for the Parkfield dataset. We attribute the lower percentage of agreement for the Dead Sea dataset to the substantially lower signal-to-noise ratio of those data, and the likelihood that some percentage of the analyst picks are in error.
Stress, Self-Esteem and Coping During Bereavement Among the Elderly (1986)

The purpose of the study was to assess the stability of self-esteem as a coping resource during bereavement and to develop a dynamic model of the efficacy of coping ability in relation to the perceived stressfulness of the spouse's death. Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of bereavement. Interviews and mailed questionnaires were completed by 192 persons at three time periods which covered the first year of bereavement. Results indicate that initially effective copers remain effective throughout the first year, those with initially high levels of self-esteem maintain their positive assessments, and those who initially experience high stress levels also continue to report high levels one year later. Early bereavement stress was reduced by positive self-evaluations. Persistent stress is associated negatively with coping at one year. The mediating influence of stress at six months also contributes most significantly to the negative effects on self-esteem. Perceived coping ability significantly reduces stress only at six months. Implications for ongoing interventions are discussed.
Inter-connection automation for OF@TEIN multi-point international OpenFlow islands (2014)

In realizing futuristic services with agility, testbed environments that provide converged computing/networking resources based on SDN (Software--Defined Networking) and CC (Cloud Computing) are becoming important. Following this trend, [email protected] OpenFlow--enabled SDN testbed environment is built with internationally-distributed unique SmartX Racks. In this paper, to automate the multi-point L2 inter-connections of OpenFlow islands, we design and implement a configuration tool for NVGRE (Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunneling. The proposed tool manages the desired topology by leveraging the OVSDB (Open vSwitch Database) configuration interface for OpenFlow switches. With the implemented tool and appropriate admin/user privilege management, we can quickly inter-connect the multi-point international OpenFlow islands while letting users to freely control (i.e., tag/steer/map) their own flows for experimentation.
Multi‐angle ratiometric approach to measure chemical exchange in amide proton transfer imaging (2011)

Amide proton transfer imaging, a specific form of chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, has previously been applied to studies of acute ischemic acidosis, stroke, and cancer. However, interpreting the resulting contrast is complicated by its dependence on the exchange rate between amides and water, the amide concentration, amide and water relaxation, and macromolecular magnetization transfer. Hence, conventional chemical exchange saturation transfer contrast is not specific to changes such as reductions in pH due to tissue acidosis. In this article, a multi-angle ratiometric approach based on several pulsed-chemical exchange saturation transfer scans at different irradiation flip angles is proposed to specifically reflect exchange rates only. This separation of exchange effects in pulsed-chemical exchange saturation transfer experiments is based on isolating rotation vs. saturation contributions, and such methods form a new subclass of chemical exchange rotation transfer (CERT) experiments. Simulations and measurements of creatine/agar phantoms indicate that a newly proposed imaging metric isolates the effects of exchange rate changes, independent of other sample parameters.
Dissolution behaviour of MgO based refractories in CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>slag (2015)

Magnesium oxide (MgO) based refractories are widely used in secondary refining processes, and their dissolution into refining slag is the primary cause of their shortened lifespan. The dissolution rate was investigated for sintered MgO and commercial MgO–C and MgO–Cr2O3 refractories in a synthesised 50CaO–45Al2O3–5SiO2 liquid (mass-%) slag. The change in slag composition was measured after a refractory sample was placed into the molten slag that was stirred by flowing argon gas at 1773 K. The dissolution rate of the sintered MgO was above those of the MgO–C and MgO–Cr2O3 refractories under the same gas flowrate, although the dissolution rate of all samples increased as the gas flowrate was increased from 25 to 75 mL·min− 1. The slag containing 5 mass-% FeO considerably promoted the dissolution of the MgO–C refractory because of the oxidation of carbon by FeO. The dissolution of all the refractories was greatly affected by penetration of the liquid slag, with the mass transfer of MgO in the penetrating slag at lower gas flowrates likely being the rate controlling step. At high gas flowrates, Ar bubbles covered the surface and blocked the contact between the liquid slag and the solid phase, reducing the dissolution rate.
Glycation of Insulin in the Islets of Langerhans of Normal and Diabetic Animals (1996)

The glycation of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was assessed in extracts of pancreas and islets from control and hyperglycemic animal models. Glycated and nonglycated IRI were separated by affinity chromatography and quantified by radioimmunoassay. Hydrocortisone-treated Wistar rats (80 mg x kg-1 x day-1 and obese hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice showed significant increases in plasma glucose (P < 0.001), percentage glycated hemoglobin (P < 0.001), plasma IRI (P < 0.01), and total pancreatic IRI content (P < 0.01), compared with their respective controls. These diabetic groups also demonstrated significant increases (P < 0.05) in the percentage of glycated pancreatic IRI above the controls. Streptozotocin-treated (200 mg/kg) Swiss TO mice exhibited significant increases in plasma glucose (P < 0.001), glycated hemoglobin (P < 0.001), and percentage glycated pancreatic IRI (P < 0.05), compared with untreated controls, despite a marked decrease in both plasma IRI (P < 0.001) and total pancreatic IRI content (P < 0.001). Significant elevations in the percentage of glycated IRI were also observed in islets isolated from obese hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice (P < 0.001), compared with islets from lean controls, and when lean mouse islets were cultured in hyperglycemic media for 24 h (33.3 vs. 5.6 mmol/l D-glucose; P < 0.001). The contribution of glycated plus nonglycated insulin and proinsulin to the total IRI was estimated in lean and obese mouse pancreatic extracts following high-performance liquid chromatography separation. The contribution of proinsulin to the total IRI was approximately 10%. Proinsulin represented 27-28% of the total glycated IRI. These data indicate that the glycation of insulin and proinsulin occurs within the pancreatic islets and is elevated in both insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant diabetic animal models.
Michelson interferometer for detection of fast displacements of less than a quarter-wave over small areas (1975)

A modified Michelson interferometer is described that allows calibration and measurement simultaneously. The method is used to detect displacements down to 1 nm with a time resolution of 40 nsec. These values are close to theoretical resolution limits for the experimental arrangement. The probing beam is focused onto the investigated sample, allowing measurements with a lateral resolution of 1.5 microm. The method has been applied to investigate the deformation behavior of pulsed diode lasers.
Friction and Wear of Silicon Nitride and Silicon Carbide in Water: Hydrodynamic Lubrication at Low Sliding Speed Obtained by Tribochemical Wear (1987)

This report describes experiments on friction of Si3N4 and SiC sliding against themselves and against each other in water at room temperature. The friction coefficient of Si3N4 against itself is f = 0.7 at low speeds (0.2 cm/s). At speeds above 6.5 cm/s and 4.91-N load, hydrodynamic lubrication sets in, with f = <0.002 and an estimated water film thickness of 70 nm. Between 0.2 and 5 cm/s, mixed lubrication occurs. This remarkably thin hydrodynamic film is made possible by the tribochemical wear of Si3N4 which occurs by dissolution in water and an absence of wear particles. The friction coefficient of SiC, against SiC or Si3N4 in water at low speeds is f = 0.26. Wear occurs by dissolution and fracture pitting. Small wear particles are observed. The friction coefficient of SiC against SiC is independent of sliding velocity between 0.2 and 20 cm/s. Hydrodynamic lubrication is obtained with a Si3N4 pin on SiC plate near 10 cm/s, mixed lubrication is obtained with a SiC in on Si3N4 plate at v < 20 cm/s.
High gain quasi-Yagi planar antenna evaluation in platform material environment for 60 GHz wireless applications (2009)

This paper presents the effect of platform materials on antennas designed for mobile platform integration at 60 GHz. A four-element quasi-Yagi antenna array with small size is developed on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) material demonstrating 11.5 dBi peak gain in free space. An experimental study on the placement of the fabricated quasi-Yagi planar antenna array on laptop chassis material environments is performed in this work. The radiation characteristics of the antenna under test (AUT) are measured for different AUT positions in the laptop chassis material environment. Depending on the proximity of the platform material and AUT location, nulls may appear in the radiation patterns, the peak gain direction of the AUT shifts from the free space case by +30deg, and the peak gain level decreases by about 2.5 dB in the worst case.
Uniaxial and Biaxial Tensile Strength of Calf Pericardium Used in the Construction of Bioprostheses: Biomaterial Selection Criteria (2000)

Using morphological and mechanical criteria and applying a method involving paired samples that is widely employed in epidemiology, we obtained an excellent prediction of the mechanical behavior of the calf pericardium used in the construction of cardiac bioprostheses. The method of selection employed in this study may be a highly useful tool for guaranteeing the mechanical resistance of calf pericardium, with a very low level of error.
Error, Error in My Model, Who’s the Fairest Error of Them All? (2017)

We examine some key errors that influence the validity of scientific inquiry in the social and behavioral sciences, emphasizing the need for researchers to be attuned to the varied sources of error. We discuss error beyond simple inferential processes inherent in null hypotheses testing, for example. and broaden the scope of influences in the modeling process, from model specification, to model evaluation, modification, and comparison as well as the dissemination process. From this broadened perspective on the myriad possible sources of error, error management becomes a multipronged endeavor that involves all persons contributing to the peer-review bedrock of scientific inquiry.
Wave and equation based rate control using multicast round trip time (2002)

This paper introduces Wave and Equation Based Rate Control (WEBRC), the first multiple rate multicast congestion control protocol to be equation based. The equation-based approach enforces fairness to TCP with the benefit that fluctuations in the flow rate are small in comparison to TCP.This paper also introduces the multicast round trip time (MRTT), a multicast analogue of the unicast round trip time (RTT). The MRTT is fundamental to the equation-based protocol that each receiver uses to adjust its reception rate. Each receiver independently measures its own MRTT without placing any added messaging burden on the receiver, the sender or the intermediate network elements. Benefits provided by the MRTT include those that the RTT provides to TCP, e.g., reduced reception rates in reaction to buffer filling and fair sharing of bottleneck links. In addition, the use of MRTT is shown to synchronize and equalize the reception rates of proximate receivers and to cause reception rates to increase as the density of receivers increases.Another innovation of WEBRC is the idea of transmitting data with waves: the transmission rate on a channel is periodic, with an exponentially decreasing form during an active period followed by a quiescent period. Benefits of using waves include insensitivity to large IGMP leave latency; a frequency of joins and leaves by each receiver that is small and independent of the receiver reception rate; the use of a small number of multicast channels; fine-grained control over the receiver reception rate; and minimal, at times nonexistent, losses due to buffer overflow.
Teaching Software Evolution in Open Source (2007)

Most software engineering courses require students to develop small programs from scratch, but professional engineers typically work on the evolution of large software systems. Using open source software and a software change process model can narrow this gap without imposing excessive demands on students or instructors.
Cerebral angiography and Egas Moniz. (1992)

August 1992Cerebral angiography and Egas Moniz.Author: T DobyAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 159, Issue 2https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.159.2.1632357 METRICS PDFotherformats
Real Ear Calibration of Ipsilateral Acoustic Reflex Stimuli from Five Types of Impedance Meter (1980)

The Hearing Level scale has been established in national and international standards for tones presented via supra-aural earphones. However, the standards do not encompass stimuli from the probes of ipsilateral impedance meters. This study transfers the calibration of standardised earphones to the probes of five types of impedance meter and therefore enables the intensities of their ipsilateral stimuli to be defined in terms of Hearing Levels. The method used for transfer of calibration is based on equality of acoustic reflex responses elicitied by the impedance meter probe and by a standardised earphone. Ten subjects were tested with all five instruments to ensure comparability between instruments. The resultant calibration data are expressed in terms of Reference Equivalent Threshold Sound Pressure Levels measured in both 2 cc and Zwislocki couplers. The results indicate a considerable variation amongst instruments emphasising the need for a set of calibration data for each design of probe. This variation is less marked for the Zwislock coupler than for the 2 cc coupler.
Numerical Simulations of an Isolated Microburst. Part I: Dynamics and Structure (1988)

Isolated and stationary microbursts are simulated using a time-dependent, high-resolution, axisymmetric numerical model. A microburst downdraft is initiated by specifying a distribution of precipitation at the top boundary of the model and allowing it to fall into the domain. Part I of this two-part series focuses on two case studies of a hazardous wet (high reflectivity) microburst. The first case assumes the environmental conditions that were observed on 30 June 1982 during the JAWS field experiment. The simulated microburst produced mean horizontal wind shears in excess of 10−2 s−1 for several minutes and was of an intensity similar to the observed microbursts on that date. The second case attempts to simulate the isolated microburst which occurred near the Dallas–Fort Worth airport on 2 August 1985. A comparison of the results to actual flight recorder data showed good agreement. Based on these case studies, the evolution and structure of the microbursts are discussed. The simulated microbursts were driven primarily by evaporative cooling of rain and, second, by cooling due to the melting of hail. Net warming within the upper regions of the precipitation shaft maintained the downdraft top near the melting level. The greatest temperature departures from ambient were at the ground. Mean horizontal wind shear was negligible 4 min prior to the time of maximum outflow winds, but reached an overall peak 2 min later. The numerical simulations produced a microburst ring vortex, cool low-level outflow with a burst-front head and nose structure, and a pressure nose beneath the microburst downdraft. The ring vortex propagated downward with the descending precipitation shaft and rapidly intensified prior to reaching the ground. The relatively cold air near the ground was apparently responsible for its rapid intensification. After the ring's circulation reached the ground, the ring vortex expanded radially outward, and lagged the leading edge of the expanding cool outflow. Surface friction was shown to have an important impact of the structure and propagation of the burst front. Negative horizontal vorticity produced in the vicinity of the ground was associated with a satellite vortex having opposite rotation to that of the primary ring vortex.
Growth and characterization of lattice‐matched InAlN/GaN Bragg reflectors grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2009)

Abstract We demonstrate six to ten period lattice‐matched In 0.18 Al 0.82 N/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors with peak reflectivity centred around 400 nm, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Thanks to the well‐tuned ternary alloy composition crack‐free layers have been obtained as confirmed by both optical and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, cross‐sectional analysis by high resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals highly periodic structure with abrupt interfaces. When the number of DBRs periods increased from six to ten, peak reflectivity increased from 45% to 60%. This increase was found to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical simulations. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Receiver array ground penetrating radar imaging (2002)

Ground penetrating radar is considered a promising technology for the development of sensors for landmine detection. To obtain a three-dimensional image of the shallow subsurface, A-scans have to be acquired over a two-dimensional area. The spacing between A-scans must be small in order to avoid spatial aliasing and to obtain high resolution images. Hence, when carrying out data acquisition along lines, B-scans have to be repeated with a small cross-line distance as well, which is time-consuming and error-prone to accurate positioning. As an alternative to using the bi-static radar set-up, with a single source and receiver antenna, the authors propose to use a physical array of receiver antennas arranged in the cross-line direction. The authors try to make a three-dimensional image of the subsurface by measuring a single line of multi-channel data with the receiver array. The main advantage is that acquisition is fast and less dependent on accurate positioning in the two-dimensional plane. To validate this measurement strategy the authors have modeled the scattering by a point scatterer for an array of receivers with different offsets. The authors show that they can combine the data of the different receivers to obtain an image of the subsurface which gives adequate information on the position of the object both in the inline, cross-line and depth direction. It appears that the absence of cross-line sampling does not influence the resolution in the inline directions. Fast acquisition can thus be obtained for the price of using multichannel data acquisition.
Serum fucosylated haptoglobin as a novel prognostic biomarker predicting high-Gleason prostate cancer (2014)

Elevated serum Fuc-Hpt level could be a novel cancer biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer, particularly those with high GSs.
Best practices for mobile broadcast delivery and playback of multimedia content (2012)

Although wide area wireless network capacity is growing significantly, the consumer demand for popular multimedia content delivered to mobile devices over these networks is growing even faster. An attractive alternative is to deliver multimedia content via broadcast, thereby economizing on the usage of network capacity. We describe best practice techniques for using forward error correction and interleaving the data to be broadcast for multimedia content, and receiver methodology for forward error correction decoding and de-interleaving received data for multimedia playback.