gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patterns of organometallic reactions related to homogeneous catalysis (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPatterns of organometallic reactions related to homogeneous catalysisJames P. CollmanCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1968, 1, 5, 136–143Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50005a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50005a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1594Altmetric-Citations295LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A hierarchical P2P architecture for SIP communication (2007)

Session initiation protocol (SIP) based on peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture has being gaining attentions due to its highly scalability and reliability. However, the original DHT model is not very suitable for VoIP communication system because the heterogeneity of nodes and their location information have not been taken into account. In this paper, we present a hierarchical P2P architecture considering the above- mentioned reasons for SIP communication and illustrate the process of initiating and maintaining sessions such as registration and resource location. At the end of this paper, we test the performances of our system. Simulation results have shown that our overlay can significantly reduce both lookup latencies and physical hops.
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite (2001)

This chapter covers: Evolution Governing bodies The ISO reference model The TCP/IP protocol suite
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants: Comparison of Infants with and without Diffuse Excessive High Signal Intensity on MR Images at Near–term-equivalent Age (2012)

Although the incidence of DEHSI was high (75%) in preterm infants at near-term-equivalent age MR imaging, DEHSI was not predictive of following adverse outcomes. Cystic encephalomalacia and punctate lesions were more significant predictors of cerebral palsy.
Aldol Type Condensation of Ketones and Esters in the Presence of Diethylaminomagnesium Bromide and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAldol Type Condensation of Ketones and Esters in the Presence of Diethylaminomagnesium Bromide and Related Compounds1Keiiti Sisido, Hitosi Nozaki, and Osamu KuriharaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 24, 6254–6256Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01144a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01144a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Construction and characterization of a highly complex retroviral library for lineage analysis. (1995)

Replication-incompetent retroviral vectors encoding histochemical reporter genes have been used for studying lineal relationships in a variety of species. A crucial element in the interpretation of data generated by this method is the identification of sibling relationships, or clonal boundaries. The use of a library of viruses in which each member is unique can greatly facilitate this aspect of the analysis. A previously reported murine retroviral library containing about 80 members demonstrated the utility of the library approach. However, the relatively low number of tags in the murine library necessitated using low infection rates in order to give confidence in clonal assignments. To obviate the need for low infection rates, a far more complex library was created and characterized. The CHAPOL library was constructed such that each member encodes a histochemical reporter gene and has a DNA tag derived from a degenerate oligonucleotide pool synthesized to have a complexity of > 1 x 10(7). The library was tested after infection of cells in vitro or in vivo. The DNA tag from each histochemically labeled cell or clone of cells was recovered by PCR and sequenced for unambiguous identification. Three hundred and twenty tags have been identified after infection, and so far no tag has been seen to result from more than one independent infection. Thus, an equal distribution of inserts is suggested, and Monte Carlo analysis predicts a complexity of > 10(4) members.
Arsenic trioxide for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (2004)

The impressive activity of arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) has renewed the interest in this old compound. Arsenic trioxide targets the sulfhydryl groups present in many proteins involved in oncogenesis and has a broad spectrum of biological activities. This article will review the mechanisms of action of the drug and their relevance to the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a disease for which no standard treatment currently exists. The early clinical experience has confirmed the activity of arsenic trioxide in MDS. The preliminary results of ongoing Phase II studies conducted in patients with MDS suggest that arsenic trioxide produces haematological improvement including durable transfusion independence in approximately 30% of patients. The current data are presented and discussed in this review.
Pre-Capillary, Combined, and Post-Capillary Pulmonary Hypertension (2016)

Patients with atypical IPAH share features of both typical IPAH and PH-HFpEF, suggesting that there may be a continuum between these conditions.
Molecular cloning and characterization of human atrial and ventricular myosin alkali light chain cDNA clones. (1988)

We have isolated essentially full-length cDNA clones for atrial (ALC1) and ventricular (VLC1) myosin alkali light chains from a human fetal heart cDNA library. Comparison of overall nucleotide sequences of ALC1 and VLC1 cDNA clones has revealed that, while these two inserts show significant DNA sequence homology (78.4%) with respect to their coding regions, the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions are highly divergent. Our statistical analysis suggests that human ALC1 and VLC1 diverged approximately 300 million years ago, during the time of separation of birds and mammals. RNA blot analysis shows that ALC1 mRNA is expressed in fetal ventricular and fetal skeletal muscles as well as fetal and adult atrial muscles and VLC1 mRNA is expressed in adult slow skeletal muscle as well as fetal and adult ventricular muscles. Southern blot analysis indicates that each protein is encoded by a single gene. Finally, we show that VLC1 mRNA is induced in pressure-overloaded human atrium.
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor: evidence against an intrinsic phosphatase activity (1984)

We have studied the reversibility of insulin receptor phosphorylation to establish the relation between this autophosphorylation reaction and the initiation of insulin action and between dephosphorylation and the termination of insulin effects in cells. In cultured Fao hepatoma cells labeled with 32PO4(3-), insulin increased 5-fold the phosphorylation of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor at serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. Addition of anti-insulin antiserum to cells incubated with insulin caused dissociation of insulin from the receptor and concurrent dephosphorylation of the beta-subunit. 32PO4(3-) associated with the insulin-stimulated receptor could be decreased by the addition of sodium phosphate to the medium but with a slower time course. Insulin stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor purified partially on immobilized wheat germ agglutinin. This reaction utilized [gamma-32P] ATP and occurred exclusively on tyrosine residues. Addition of unlabeled ATP caused a decrease in the amount of PO4(3-) associated with the receptor. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation was also observed if the receptors were further purified by immunoprecipitation with anti-insulin receptor antibody prior to the phosphorylation reaction; however, addition of unlabeled ATP to this system did not chase the labeled 32PO4(3-) from the beta-subunit. These data are consistent with the notion that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor parallel the onset and termination of insulin action. Phosphatase activity involved in the dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor appears to be a glycoprotein because it was retained after partial purification of the receptor on wheat germ agglutinin-agarose; however, this phosphatase activity is distinct from the insulin receptor because it was not retained after immunoprecipitation of the receptor with anti-insulin receptor antibodies.
The potential of oncogene products as tumour markers. (1987)

This paper discusses the possibilities of using the altered expression of oncogenes and their products in neoplastic tissues as markers for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of human malignant disease. Results from our studies of the c-myc oncogene and its product in human solid tumours, using DNA and RNA hybridization and a set of monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) raised against synthetic peptides, are presented. These illustrate three important principles. Firstly, the level of expression of the gene correlates closely with histological grading. Secondly, the increased expression of an oncogene in a tumour can be used as a marker for imaging with radiolabelled MCA. Thirdly, the detection of a 40,000 dalton serum protein, which is immunologically related to the p62c-myc oncoprotein, and its quantitative analysis in patients with cancer and normal controls, suggests that oncogene-related serum proteins may provide novel markers for monitoring tumour activity. These data support the view that the detailed analysis of oncogene expression has the potential to predict a tumour's behaviour and response to different therapeutic modalities.
A Dynamic Programming Model for Determining Bidding Strategies in Sequential Auctions: Quasi-linear Utility and Budget Constraints (2013)

In this paper, we develop a new method for finding an optimal biddingstrategy in sequential auctions, using a dynamic programming technique. Theexisting method assumes that the utility of a user is represented in anadditive form. Thus, the remaining endowment of money must be explicitlyrepresented in each state, and the calculation of the optimal biddingstrategy becomes time-consuming when the initial endowment of money mbecomes large.In this paper, we develop a new problem formalization that avoids explicitlyrepresenting the remaining endowment, by assuming the utility of a user canbe represented in a quasi-linear form, and representing the payment as astate-transition cost. Experimental evaluations show that we can obtainmore than an m-fold speed-up in the computation time. Furthermore, we havedeveloped a method for obtaining a semi-optimal bidding strategy underbudget constraints, and have experimentally confirmed the efficacy of thismethod.
Distinct Roles for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in Differentiation Gene Induction and Apoptosis Inhibition by Interleukin-9 (1999)

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) activates three distinct STAT proteins: STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5. This process depends on one tyrosine of the IL-9 receptor, which is necessary for proliferation, gene induction, and inhibition of apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids. By introduction of point mutations in amino acids surrounding this tyrosine, we obtained receptors that activated either STAT5 alone or both STAT1 and STAT3, thus providing us with the possibility to study the respective roles of these factors in the biological activities of IL-9. Both mutant receptors were able to prevent apoptosis, but only the mutant that activated STAT1 and STAT3 was able to support induction of granzyme A and L-selectin. In line with these results, constitutively activated STAT5 blocked glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In Ba/F3 cells, significant proliferation and pim-1 induction were observed with both STAT-restricted mutants, though proliferation was lower than with the wild-type receptor. These results suggest that survival and cell growth are redundantly controlled by multiple STAT factors, whereas differentiation gene induction is more specifically correlated with individual STAT activation by IL-9.
Face fixer (2000)

Most schemes to compress the topology of a surface mesh have been developed for the lowest common denominator: triangulated meshes. We propose a scheme that handles the topology of arbitrary polygon meshes. It encodes meshes directly in their polygonal representation and extends to capture face groupings in a natural way. Avoiding the triangulation step we reduce the storage costs for typical polygon models that have group structures and property data.
Production of Shiga-Like Toxin by Escherichia coli (1986)

Escherichia coli is one of several agents that cause intestinal disease in humans and animals. Four classes of E. coli have been recognized [1], Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains produce a heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin and/or a heat-stable( ST) enterotoxin. Enteroinvasive E . coli (EIEC) strains, like shigellae, penetrate and multiply within epithelial cells. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains belong to certain serogroups that have been incriminated as pathogens by epidemiological studies. Some EPEC strains have been shown to adhere to cells of the intestinal mucosa and to produce pathognomonic lesions at the site of attachment. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains cause a distinct clinical syndrome (hemorrhagic colitis), and serotype 0157:H7 has been associated with this illness. Neither EPEC nor EHEC strains produce classic enterotoxins, nor are they enteroinvasive.\nSome strains of E. coli produce a cell-associated cytotoxin that is neutralized by antibodies against purified Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae type 1 [2-4]. The cytotoxins purified from one EPEC strain 026:H11 (H30) and from one EHEC strain 0157:H7 (933) have biologic activities (cytotoxicity for HeLa and Vero cells, lethality for mice, and enterotoxicity for ligated ileal segments from rabbits) and subunit structures similar to those of Shiga toxin [5, 6]. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and levels of cytotoxin production for a wide variety of E. coli strains. Culture supernatants and sonic lysates of 418 strains isolated from humans, animals, and food were examined for cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells and to see whether cytotoxicity could be neutralized by antibodies to Shiga toxin.
Tutorial: High-speed low-power neuromorphic systems based on magnetic Josephson junctions (2018)

Josephson junctions and single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits form a natural neuromorphic technology with SFQ pulses and superconducting transmission lines simulating action potentials and axons. Josephson junctions consist of superconducting electrodes with nanoscale barriers that modulate the coupling of the complex superconducting order parameter across the junction. When the order parameter undergoes a 2π phase jump, the junction emits a voltage pulse with an integrated amplitude of a flux quantum ϕ0 = h/(2e) = 2.068 × 10−15 V s. The coupling across a junction can be controlled and modulated by incorporating the nanoscale magnetic structure in the barrier. The magnetic state of embedded nanoclusters can be changed by applying small current or field pulses, enabling both unsupervised and supervised learning. The advantage of this magnetic/superconducting technology is that it combines natural spiking behavior and plasticity in a single nanoscale device and is orders of magnitude faster and lower energy than other technologies. Maximum operating frequencies are above 100 GHz, while spiking and training energies are ∼10−20 J and 10−18 J, respectively. This technology can operate close to the thermal limit, which at 4 K is considerably lower energy than in a human brain. The transition from deterministic to stochastic behavior can be studied with small temperature modifications. Here, we present a tutorial on the spiking behavior of Josephson junctions; the use of the nanoscale magnetic structure to modulate the coupling across the junction; the design and operation of magnetic Josephson junctions, device models, and simulation of magnetic Josephson junction neuromorphic circuits; and potential neuromorphic architectures based on hybrid superconducting/magnetic technology.
Thermally tuning of the photonic band gap of SiO2 colloid-crystal infilled with ferroelectric BaTiO3 (2001)

SiO 2 colloid crystal infilled with BaTiO3 was synthesized by a process of self-assembly in combination of a sol–gel technique. It is found that infilling of the fully crystallized BaTiO3 into the colloid assembly can enhance the photonic band gap significantly. In the vicinity of the ferroelectric phase transition point of BaTiO3 (100–150 °C), the photonic band gap of the assembly exhibits a strong temperature dependence. At the Curie point, the band gap has a 20 nm redshift, and the optical transmittance reaches its minimum. Such a temperature-tuning effect in the photonic band gap should be of high interest in device applications.
<title>Dissolution rate modeling of a chemically amplified positive resist</title> (1993)

The reactions of a chemically amplified positive resist, CAMP6, which is composed of poly tert-butoxycarbonyl(t-BOC)-styrene copolymer as a base resin and 2,6-dinitrobenzyl tosylate as a photoacid generator, were analyzed. The resist system generates acid upon exposure, undergoes acid catalyzed t-BOC deprotection during post-exposure bake and selectively dissolves in an aqueous base developer to give positive tone images. The acid generation and t-BOC deprotection reactions were analyzed by FTIR spectrometer and modeled successfully. The dissolution rates were measured by a Perkin Elmer development rate monitor (DRM). A new and simple dissolution rate model is presented since the dissolution rate behavior of chemically amplified positive resists can not be explained by the conventional models that are designed primarily for novolac/dissolution inhibition systems. The new dissolution rate model expresses the resist dissolution as a product of inhibition effect by the t-BOC groups and dissolution enhancement effect by the acid. Furthermore this new model can also explain surface inhibition effect by considering acid loss (deactivation) due to airborne contaminant diffusion from the resist surface. Prolith/2 was modified to incorporate the model and profile simulations were carried out successfully.
Molecular chaperones in pancreatic tissue: the presence of cpn10, cpn60 and hsp70 in distinct compartments along the secretory pathway of the acinar cells (1994)

Three chaperones, the chaperonins cpn10 and cpn60, and the hsp70 protein, were revealed by immunochemistry and cytochemistry in pancreatic rat acinar cells. Western immunoblotting analysis of rat pancreas homogenates has shown that antibodies against cpn10, cpn60 and hsp70 protein recognize single protein bands of 25 kDa, 60 kDa and 70 kDa, respectively. Single bands for the cpn10 and cpn60 were also detected in pancreatic juice. Immunofluorescence studies on rat pancreatic tissue revealed a strong positive signal in the apical region of the acinar cells for cpn10 and cpn60, while an immunoreaction was detected at the juxtanuclear Golgi region with the anti-hsp70 antibody. Immunocytochemical gold labeling confirmed the presence of these three chaperones in distinct cell compartments of pancreatic acinar cells. Chaperonin 10 and cpn60 were located in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, condensing vacuoles and secretory granules. Interestingly, the labeling for both cpn10 and cpn60 followed the increasing concentration gradient of secretory proteins along the RER-Golgi-granule secretory pathway. On the contrary, the labeling for hsp70 was mainly concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In the latter, the hsp70 was found to be primary located in the trans-most cisternae and to colocalize with acid phosphatase in the trans-Golgi network. The three chaperones were also present in mitochondria. In view of the role played by the chaperones in the proper folding, sorting and aggregation of proteins, we postulate that hsp70 assists the adequate sorting and packaging of proteins from the ER to the trans-Golgi network while cpn10 and cpn60 play key roles in the proper packaging and aggregation of secretory proteins as well as, most probably, in the prevention of early enzyme activation in secretory granules.
Conservative modeling of 3-D electromagnetic fields, Part II: Biconjugate gradient solution and an accelerator (1996)

Abstract The preceding paper derives a staggered-grid, finite-difference approximation applicable to electromagnetic induction in the Earth. The staggered-grid, finite-difference approximation results in a linear system of equations A∼x=b, where A∼ is symmetric but not Hermitian. This is solved using the biconjugate gradient method, preconditioned with a modified, partial Cholesky decomposition of A∼. This method takes advantage of the sparsity of A∼, and converges much more quickly than methods used previously to solve the 3-D induction problem. When simulating a conductivity model at a number of frequencies, the rate of convergence slows as frequency approaches 0. The convergence rate at low frequencies can be improved by an order of magnitude, by alternating the incomplete Cholesky preconditioned biconjugate gradient method with a procedure designed to make the approximate solutions conserve current.
New therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: from the bench to the bedside (2011)

The mechanisms underlying the chronic intestinal inflammation that is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex. Components of the pathological response include the adaptive and innate immune systems, as well as the intestinal epithelium and endothelium. Advances in the understanding of the roles of each of these components have resulted in the development of multiple biological agents that all represent an alternative to the use of current therapies in patients with refractory Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. This study systematically reviews the mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety of new and emerging therapies that are currently in clinical trials and discusses future directions in the treatment of IBD.