gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly-integrated, VCSEL-based optoelectronics for fault-tolerant, self-routing optical networks (2007)

The demand for bandwidth and interconnectivity in aerospace and other defense networks and systems continues to expand. To meet this demand while still satisfying the unique requirements of these systems, innovative approaches are needed. For future networks to meet these goals, they will need to have high bandwidths that are scalable to the requirements of particular applications. In addition, the networks need to be very fault tolerant, protocol independent, non-blocking, low latency, and have low power consumption and small size. OptiComp Corporation has developed a unique network architecture where the hardware is distributed across the network, allowing the network to be self routing and highly fault tolerant. This network architecture is enabled by OptiComp's integrated optoelectronic technologies including waveguide coupled VCSELs and detectors, compact WDM, SOAs, and hybrid integration. Waveguide grating couplers that enable a VCSEL to be coupled bidirectionally into an internal waveguide and allow a portion of the light in a waveguide to be tapped off to a detector comprise the core of OptiComp's integrated optoelectronics. This on-chip coupling into and out of a waveguide enables coarse WDM multiplexing and demultiplexing to be accomplished in a very small area with no additional packaging, making the structure more compact and rugged. Waveguide coupled device results will be presented, including high-speed data transmission between waveguide coupled VCSELs and detectors. Preliminary results on waveguide coupled WDM components will also be discussed. In addition to the enabling components, the implementation of the network architecture will also be presented.
Tumor-cell specific cytotoxic activity of LBY135, a novel anti- DR5 agonistic antibody (2007)

4875 TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induces apoptosis upon binding to its functional receptors DR4 and DR5 on the surface of tumor cells. We have generated an anti-DR5 agonistic antibody by hybridoma technology and functional cell based screening. LBY135 specifically binds to DR5 with single digit nM affinity, mimics TRAIL to induce cell death in tumor cells, and has little effect on most normal cells in vitro. LBY135 appears to mediate cell death mainly through apoptosis, as demonstrated by the activation of caspase 3, with moderate ADCC and no CDC activity in in vitro assays. This is further supported by the relative in vivo efficacy of various chimeric forms of the antibody (murine IgG1, human IgG1, and IgG4 Fc) and by the robust activation of Caspases in vivo. LBY135 provides a means to interrogate the mechanisms of TRAIL induced tumor specific cell death. It also demonstrates promise as a novel therapeutic for cancer treatment.
Room temperature laser operation of strained InGaAs/GaAs QW structure monolithically grown by MOVCD on LE-PECVD Ge/Si virtual substrate (2003)

Th first successful realisation of MOVPE grown strained InGaAs/GaAs long-wavelength quantum well (QW) laser structures integrated on Si substrates via strained relaxed Ge/GeSi buffer layers is reported. Room temperature (RT) operation at an emission wavelength of 1.04 µm was obtained from broad area devices. Identical control laser diodes grown on bulk germanium substrates showed similar threshold current density, demonstrating the potential of Ge/Si-virtual substrate (VS) for monolithic integration of long-wavelength GaAs-based lasers on Si.
Theoretische Grundlagen und Methodik (2001)

Pestalozzi wollte in seiner Rede vom 14. Juni 1979 „Wahrheit oder Wirklichkeit“1 darauf hinweisen, dass „der Inhalt der Wahrheit dem momentanen Bewusstsein entspricht“ und beide, die Wahrheit und das Bewusstsein, sich ständig wandelnden Prozessen und damit anderen Ergebnissen unterworfen sind [Pestalozzi 1979, 209].
Characterization of Antigen-Specific B Cells Using Nominal Antigen-Coated Flow-Beads (2013)

In order to characterize the reactivity of B cells against nominal antigens, a method based on the coupling of antigens onto the surface of fluorescent core polystyrene beads was developed. We first demonstrate that murine B cells with a human MOG-specific BCR are able to interact with MOG-coated beads and do not recognize beads coated with human albumin or pp65. B cells purified from human healthy volunteer blood or immunized individuals were tested for their ability to interact with various nominal antigens, including viral, vaccine, self and alloantigens, chosen for their usefulness in studying a variety of pathological processes. A substantial amount of B cells binding self-antigen MOG-coated beads can be detected in normal blood. Furthermore, greater frequencies of B cell against anti-Tetanic Toxin or anti-EBNA1 were observed in primed individuals. This method can reveal increased frequencies of anti-HLA committed B cells in patients with circulating anti-HLA antibodies compared to unsensitized patients and normal individuals. Of interest, those specific CD19 cells were preferentially identified within CD27(-)IgD(+) (i-e naïve) subset. These observations suggest that a broad range of medical situations could benefit from a tool that allows the detection, the quantification and the characterization of antigen-specific blood B cells.
A Natural Tetrahydropyrimidine Protects Small Bowel from Cold Ischemia and Subsequent Warm in vitro Reperfusion Injury (2009)

THP effectively protects ileal mucosa and muscularis against ischemia and reperfusion injury, indicating for the first time the clinical relevance of this new and promising molecule that might become a central component in tissue and organ protection in the near future.
Road Traffic Accidents in cats attending emergency-care practices in the UK (2018)

found to be a higher risk area for RTAs than towns, cities or suburban locations. Cats that were reported by their owners to hunt at the roadside were found to be at a greater risk of an RTA, as well as cats whose owners classified the stretch of road just by their house as being a 'long straight section of road'. No significant associations were found between coat colour, breed, sex or neuter status and risk of an RTA. Results from the study may help owners and rehoming centres to more accurately assess the risk of an RTA and may also facilitate better management to reduce the risk of an RTA.
A NEMS vibration energy harvester using ordered piezoelectric Zinc Oxide nanowire arrays (2012)

A nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) piezoelectric energy harvester using crystalline ZnO nanowires is developed. The device converts ambient vibrations into usable electrical energy for low power sensor applications. This is accomplished by mechanical excitation of an ordered ZnO nanorod array using a suspended bulk micromachined proof mass. The device is capable of generating up to 14.2 mV single polarity voltage under an input vibration of amplitude 1 g (9.8 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) at a frequency of 1.10 KHz. To realize this structure, highly ordered arrays of crystalline ZnO nanorods have been fabricated using an amorphous silicon template patterned by thermal nanoimprint lithography, in conjunction with a low temperature hydrothermal growth process.
Colloidal Au/Linker Molecule Multilayer Films:  Low-Temperature Thermal Coalescence and Resistance Changes (2005)

A decrease in the resistance of colloidal Au multilayer films, fabricated by the layer-by-layer assembly process on flexible polymer substrates, was observed upon heating. This decrease occurs because of the oxidation and desorption of the linker molecules from the film, leading to a coalescence of the Au particles, thus forming more conducting pathways. Three linker molecules: 2-mercaptoethanol (ME), 1,6-hexanedithiol (HD), and 1,10-decanedithiol (DD), having different lengths, were chosen for the fabrication of the films. The initial resistance of the films was considerably different for the three linker molecules, 50 Ω, 1 MΩ, and >100 MΩ, respectively. The films were heated at three different temperatures: 120, 160, and 180 °C. The resistance of the films was found to be a strong function of the time and temperature of heating. After heating for sufficiently long times or at higher temperatures, the resistance of the ME film decreased to 5 Ω and to about 50 Ω for the HD and DD films. The lowest resistivity obtained, 6 × 10-5 Ω·cm, was about 25 times that of bulk gold. The films were characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
Identification of an Acceptor System for γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Isolated Rat Hepatocytes† (1984)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter which is synthesized by the enteric bacterial flora and delivered into portal venous blood. To determine whether the liver is likely to play an important role in regulating serum GABA levels, the uptake and metabolism of [3H]GABA by three populations of cells isolated from rat liver were studied. GABA was specifically taken up by hepatocytes but not by endothelial or Kupffer cells. Uptake by hepatocytes was saturable, as well as time and sodium dependent. At 0.5 degrees C, a temperature at which binding of GABA to the cell surface is considered to be the predominant component of the uptake process, the apparent affinity constant (Km) was 0.82 microM and a minimum value for binding velocity (Vmax) was 0.13 microM per min per 5 X 10(5) cells. Uptake of [3H]GABA by hepatocytes was markedly inhibited by excess unlabeled GABA (95%), alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (66%) and bicuculline (58%), but was inhibited much less by alanine (16%) and leucine (29%). These findings suggest that GABA binds specifically to the high affinity acceptor of the A amino acid transport system of rat hepatocytes. Impaired function of this transport system in liver failure could contribute to increased circulating levels of GABA.
Sugar Cane Mealybug Control on Seed Cane, with Special Reference to Cold Water Treatment, at the North Florida Experiment Station (1937)

J. D. Warner, Sugar Cane Mealybug Control on Seed Cane, with Special Reference to Cold Water Treatment, at the North Florida Experiment Station, The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jul. 1, 1937), pp. 6-7
bFGF as a possible morphogen for the anteroposterior axis of the central nervous system in <i>Xenopus</i> (1995)

Vertebrate neural development is initiated during gastrulation by the inductive action of the dorsal mesoderm (Spemann's organizer in amphibians) on neighbouring ectoderm, which eventually gives rise to the central nervous system from forebrain to spinal cord. Here we present evidence that bFGF can mimic the organizer action by inducing Xenopus ectoderm cells in culture to express four position-specific neural markers (XeNK-2, En-2, XIHbox1 and XIHbox6) along the anteroposterior axis. bFGF also induced the expression of a general neural marker NCAM but not the expression of immediate-early mesoderm markers (goosecoid, noggin, Xbra and Xwnt-8), suggesting that bFGF directly neuralized ectoderm cells without forming mesodermal cells. The bFGF dose required to induce the position-specific markers was correlated with the anteroposterior location of their expression in vivo, with lower doses eliciting more anterior markers and higher doses more posterior markers. These data indicate that bFGF or its homologue is a promising candidate for a neural morphogen for anteroposterior patterning in Xenopus. Further, we showed that the ability of ectoderm cells to express the anterior markers in response to bFGF was lost by mid-gastrula, before the organizer mesoderm completely underlies the anterior dorsal ectoderm. Thus, an endogenous FGF-like molecule released from the involuting organizer may initiate the formation of the anteroposterior axis of the central nervous system during the early stages of gastrulation by forming a concentration gradient within the plane of dorsal ectoderm.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposite-Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Monitoring (2015)

[Image: see text]
A Four-Antenna Transceiver MIMIC for 60 GHz Wireless Multimedia Applications (2008)

A transceiver MIMIC (millimeter wave monolithic integrated circuit) with four antenna ports functionality for 55 to 65 GHz wireless multimedia applications has been developed. The chip has been realized using 100 nm gatelength metamorphic InAlAs / InGaAs HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) technology on GaAs substrate together with GCPW (grounded coplanar waveguide) technology. The novel transceiver topology for the MIMIC is described. The different building blocks, namely the 2:4-switch design, sub-harmonic IQ-resistive mixer and variable gain amplifiers, are explained in details. Simulated and measured results are compared. Finally, the overall performance for the integrated transceiver chip is presented.
Structural and Electronic Properties of a Mn Oxide Diffusion Barrier Layer Formed by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2011)

A diffusion barrier layer of a few nanometers in thickness is required for a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Cu/}\hbox{SiO}_{2}$</tex></formula> interconnect structure for advanced integrated circuits (ICs). This paper reports a new barrier material and process by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a Mn oxide layer using a bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese precursor. A good adhesion was obtained when the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{MnO}_{x}$</tex></formula> layer was deposited below 300 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ} \hbox{C}$</tex></formula> because of the small amount of carbon inclusion within the layer. The metal–oxide–semiconductor samples of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Cu/}\hbox{MnO}_{x} \hbox{/}\hbox{SiO}_{2}\hbox{/}\hbox{p-Si}$</tex></formula> showed a very low leakage current of less than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{10}^{-7}\ \hbox{A/}\hbox{cm}^{2}$</tex></formula> at 4 MV/cm and a negligible shift of the flat-band voltage after thermal annealing and bias temperature annealing. The obtained results indicated that the CVD-deposited <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{MnO}_{x}$</tex></formula> is an excellent diffusion barrier layer for advanced ICs.
Sentiment analysis algorithms and applications: A survey (2014)

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is an ongoing field of research in text mining field. SA is the computational treatment of opinions, sentiments and subjectivity of text. This survey paper tackles a comprehensive overview of the last update in this field. Many recently proposed algorithms' enhancements and various SA applications are investigated and presented briefly in this survey. These articles are categorized according to their contributions in the various SA techniques. The related fields to SA (transfer learning, emotion detection, and building resources) that attracted researchers recently are discussed. The main target of this survey is to give nearly full image of SA techniques and the related fields with brief details. The main contributions of this paper include the sophisticated categorizations of a large number of recent articles and the illustration of the recent trend of research in the sentiment analysis and its related areas.
Do Sequence Repeats Play an Equivalent Role in the Choline-binding Module of Pneumococcal LytA Amidase? (2000)

LytA amidase breaks down the<i>N</i>-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine bonds in the peptidoglycan backbone of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. Its polypeptide chain has two modules: the NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal module, responsible for the catalytic activity, and the COOH-terminal module, constructed by six tandem repeats of 20 or 21 amino acids (<i>p1</i>–<i>p6</i>) and a short COOH-terminal tail. The polypeptide chain must contain at least four repeats to efficiently anchor the autolysin to the choline residues of the cell wall. Nevertheless, the catalytic efficiency decreases by 90% upon deletion of the final tail. The structural implications of deleting step by step the two last (<i>p5</i> and <i>p6</i>) repeats and the final COOH-tail and their effects on choline-amidase interactions have been examined by comparing four truncated mutants with LytA amidase by means of different techniques. Removal of this region has minor effects on secondary structure content but significantly affects the stability of native conformations. The last 11 amino acids and the <i>p5</i>repeat stabilize the COOH-terminal module; each increases the module transition temperature by about 6 °C. Moreover, the <i>p5</i>motif also seems to participate, in a choline-dependent way, in the stabilization of the NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal module. The effects of choline binding on the thermal stability profile of the mutant lacking the <i>p5</i> repeat might reflect a cooperative pathway providing molecular communication between the choline-binding module and the NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal region. The three sequence motives favor the choline-amidase interaction, but the tail is an essential factor in the monomer ↔ dimer self-association equilibrium of LytA and its regulation by choline. The final tail is required for preferential interaction of choline with LytA dimers and for the existence of different sets of choline-binding sites. The<i>p6</i> repeat scarcely affects the amidase stability but could provide the proper three-dimensional orientation of the final tail.
The mAKAP signalosome and cardiac myocyte hypertrophy (2007)

Cardiac hypertrophy is regulated by a large intracellular signal transduction network. Each of the many signaling pathways in this network contributes uniquely to the control of cell growth. In the last few years, it has become apparent that multimolecular signaling complexes or 'signalosomes' are important for mediating crosstalk between different signaling pathways. These complexes integrate upstream signals and control downstream effectors. In the cardiac myocyte, the protein mAKAPbeta serves as a scaffold for a large signalosome that is responsive to upstream cAMP, Ca(2+), and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The mAKAPbeta signalosome is important for the control of NFATc transcription factor activity and for the overall induction of myocyte hypertrophy.
Photoinduced RNA Interference (2012)

Because RNA interference (RNAi) can be applied to any gene, this technique has been widely used for studying gene functions. In addition, many researchers are attempting to use RNAi technology in RNAi-based therapies. However, several challenging and controversial issues have arisen during the widespread application of RNAi including target gene specificity, target cell specificity, and spatiotemporal control of gene silencing. To address these issues, several groups have utilized photochemistry to control the RNA release, both spatially and temporally. In this Account, we focus on recent studies using photocleavable protecting groups, photosensitizers, Hand gold nanoparticles for photoinduced RNAi. In 2005 the first report of photoinduced RNAi used a caged short interfering RNA (siRNA), an siRNA carrying a photocleavable protecting group. Caging groups block the bioactivities of target molecules, but allow for complete recovery of these functions via photoactivation. However, some RNAi activity can occur in these caged siRNAs, so it will be necessary to decrease this "leakage" and raise the RNAi activity restored after irradiation. This technique also uses UV light around 350 nm, which is cytotoxic, but in the near future we expect that it will be possible to use visible and near-infrared light We also examine the application of photochemical internalization (PCI) to RNAi technology, which involves a combination of photosensitizers and light. Instead of inducing RNAi using light, the strategy behind this method was to enhance RNAi using RNA carriers. Many wellknown RNA carriers deliver siRNAs into cells by endocytosis. The siRNAs are trapped in endocytic vesicles and have to be released into the cytoplasm in order to express their activity. To achieve the endosomal escape of siRNAs, PCI technology employed photosensitizers to generate light-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupted the endocytic vesicles. In most studies, RNAi-mediated knockdown of the target gene was detected even without PCI. Recently, a polymer capable of trapping the siRNA in endocytic vesicles controlled RNAi almost entirely by light. CLIP-RNAi uses photosensitizing carrier proteins that can be activated over a wide range of visible light wavelengths. With this method RNA carrier/siRNA complexes are completely trapped within endosomes, and RNAi is controlled strictly by light. Such precise, light-dependent control will open up new possibilities for cellular and molecular biology and therapy. Most recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated to siRNA have provided temporal and spatial control of RNAi. The light-dependent melting of AuNPs accompanied by a shape transformation induces the release of thiolated siRNAs from AuNPs. In this method, the unique optical properties of the AuNP enable deep penetration of the excitation light into tissues at nearinfrared wavelengths. The development of photoinduced RNAi technology will lead to novel insights into gene functions and selective drug delivery, and many other scientific fields will continue to influence its progress.
Passive protection of chickens against Eimeria tenella infection by monoclonal antibody (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the surface of Eimeria tenella sporozoites were produced in mice. This paper concerns one of these monoclonal antibodies, designated 1073.10, which agglutinated sporozoites in vitro and lysed the parasite in the presence of complement. This treatment neutralized sporozoite infections when the treated parasites were injected into the ceca of normal chickens. Passive transfer of ammonium sulfate-precipitated 1073.10 ascites fluid into 2- to 3-day-old or 3-week-old chickens conferred protection against challenge infection with E. tenella. These studies show that serum antibody may play a role in immunity to coccidiosis and that the sporozoite surface epitope recognized by 1073.10 is a possible vaccine candidate antigen.
Smart-watches: a potential challenger to the implantable loop recorder? (2016)

The newest generation of smart-watches offer heart rate monitoring technology via photoplethysmography, a technology shown to demonstrate impressive ability in diagnosing arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation. Combining such technology with the portability, connectivity and other location and activity tracking features smart-watches could represent a powerful new tool in extended non-invasive arrhythmia detection. The technology itself, including potential uses and limitations, is discussed. There is a need for further software development but crucially, further work into clarifying the diagnostic accuracy of such technology.
A simple and effective method for preparation of the 6(R)- and 6(S)-diastereoisomers of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (leucovorin) (1987)

Acylation of 6(RS)-tetrahydrofolate with (–)-menthyl chloroformate afforded an N-5 derivative which was separable into its diastereoisomers by extraction with n-butanol; these derivatives were converted separately into the 6(R)- and 6(S)-diastereoisomers of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate by treatment with a mixture of formic acid and hydrogen bromide in acetic acid followed by hydrolysis.