gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Absorption in Liquids (1951)

A reverberation method has been used to measure the absorption of sound at frequencies down to 140 kc in a number of liquids of widely different properties. For glycerol the experimental result agrees well with that predicted by classical theory. For benzene and water good agreement is found with the values calculated using the modified theory employing the values of second viscosity determined by Liebermann. The absorption in carbon disulfide agrees well with Ouang's result. For these four liquids the absorption is found to be proportional to the square of the frequency, but results indicate that toluene has a relaxation frequency of the order of 105 sec−1. The reverberation method is especially useful at the lower ultrasonic frequencies, where loner wave-lengths and lower absorption render methods used at higher frequencies less reliable or unusable.
Chirality transfer in stereoselective synthesis. A highly stereocontrolled synthesis of 22-hydroxylated steroid side chains via the [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleChirality transfer in stereoselective synthesis. A highly stereocontrolled synthesis of 22-hydroxylated steroid side chains via the [2,3]-Wittig rearrangementMasato Koreeda and Daniel J. RiccaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 21, 4090–4092Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00371a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (349 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Presentation of an improved phase unwrapping algorithm based on Kalman filters combined with local slope estimation (1997)

The paper presents a phase unwrapping algorithm based on an Extended Kalman filter. The Kalman filter exploits a so called Basic - Slope Model enabling the filter to incorporate additional local slope information obtained from the sample frequency spectrum of the interferogram by a local slope estimator. The local slope information is then optimally fused with the information directly obtained from real and imaginary part of the interferogram. The paper outlines the principle operation of the phase unwrapping algorithm and explains the cooperation of the Extended Kalman filter with the local slope estimator. At last the efficiency of this phase unwrapping algorithm will be shown by simulations and real InSAR images.
A Canine Composite Femoral Stem (1988)

To evaluate a carbon fiber/polysulfone composite femoral stem, a press-fit unilateral hemiarthroplasty was performed in 17 greyhounds. The implant was designed to have strength and elastic properties commensurate with the proximal canine femur. The implant geometry was such that the naturally occurring internal cancellous structures of the proximal femur would be preserved and participate in load transfer from the implant to the bone. Animals were killed at one, five, ten, 16, and 24 months. At necropsy all the femoral stems were well fixed and functioning. All implants maintained their structural integrity. Radiographs and computed tomography scans showed a constructive bone remodeling response. Histologic analysis revealed a benign host tissue response, with few inflammatory cells observed. Both bone and fibrous tissue were observed at the implant-host tissue interface. Implants fabricated from carbon/polysulfone composites have the potential for use in load-bearing applications. An implant with appropriate elastic properties provides the opportunity for the natural bone remodeling response to enhance implant stability. Naturally occurring internal cancellous structures can be utilized for load transfer by femoral components. Press-fit devices with no physical or chemical bone-bonding mechanisms can attain long-term successful functional performance.
Road condition monitoring system based on a stereo camera (2009)

This paper presents a method and evaluation results to monitor and detect road conditions (ice, water, snow and dry asphalt). The developed device bases on light polarization changes when reflected from road surface. The recognition capability has been improved with texture analysis which estimates contrast content of an image. Test drives were performed with a vehicle equipped also with a commercial solution from Vaisala which was used as the reference sensor. The results show that the proposed solution does not currently adapt to different conditions perfectly well. Therefore, further development targets have been identified to include not only more adjustable classifier but externally lighting to stabilizing ambient illumination.
Seismic attribute analysis in structural interpretation of the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea (1997)

Seismic attribute maps provide a useful tool in interpreting faults, particularly those close to or below seismic resolution. Dip, relief, azimuth and amplitude maps are most useful. Optimal use of such maps requires careful filtering and appropriate use of colours and light sources. One of the challenges is to distinguish between anomalies related to real geological features and to seismic noise--both of which may occur as linear or curvi-linear, continuous features on the attribute maps. This challenge must be solved by use of independent data. In the North Sea Gullfaks Field, a family of (curvi-)linear features on the attribute maps are subparallel to contour lines on time maps. Core data, dipmeter data, stratigraphic log correlation and forward modelling show that these features are related to seismic noise rather than real faults.
Homocysteine Export from Erythrocytes and Its Implication for Plasma Sampling (1992)

The concentration of free and total homocysteine in plasma increases in time if blood is stored uncentrifuged after sampling. The increase is temperature dependent and the maximal increase in total plasma homocysteine at 37 degrees C was 3.0 mumol.L-1.h-1. Even at 4 degrees C there is a substantial increase, particularly of free plasma homocysteine. Plasma glutathione, cysteinylglycine, and gamma-glutamylcysteine also show an increase in time if whole blood is stored, whereas cysteine decreases. We show that the erythrocytes are responsible for most of the increase in plasma homocysteine and suggest that homocysteine is derived from adenosylmethionine-dependent protein carboxymethylations in the cells. We conclude that strict sampling conditions are necessary when plasma homocysteine and especially its free fraction are assayed.
Fabrication, modeling, and direct evanescent field measurement of tapered optical fiber sensors (1999)

Tapered optical fibers have been fabricated using a flame elongation technique. The evanescent field distribution surrounding the taper region has been measured directly using a scanning near field optical microscope and results are found to be in good agreement with predictions made using a finite difference beam propagation method.
A Compilation of Partial Sequences of Randomly Selected cDNA Clones from the Rat Incisor (1995)

The formation of tooth organs is regulated by a series of developmental programs. We have initiated a genome project with the ultimate goal of identifying novel genes important for tooth development. As an initial approach, we constructed a unidirectional cDNA library from the non-calcified portion of incisors of 3- to 4-week-old rats, sequenced cDNA clones, and classified their sequences by homology search through the GenBank data base and the PIR protein data base. Here, we report partial DNA sequences obtained by automated DNA sequencing on 400 cDNA clones randomly selected from the library. Of the sequences determined, 51% represented sequences of new genes that were not related to any previously reported gene. Twenty-six percent of the clones strongly matched genes and proteins in the data bases, including amelogenin, alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) collagen chains, osteonectin, and decorin. Nine percent of clones revealed partial sequence homology to known genes such as transcription factors and cell surface receptors. A significant number of the previously identified genes were expressed redundantly and were found to encode extracellular matrix proteins. Identification and cataloging of cDNA clones in these tissues are the first step toward identification of markers expressed in a tissue- or stage-specific manner, as well as the genetic linkage study of tooth anomalies. Further characterization of the clones described in this paper should lead to the discovery of novel genes important for tooth development.
Platelet secretion: From haemostasis to wound healing and beyond (2014)

Upon activation, platelets secrete more than 300 active substances from their intracellular granules. Platelet dense granule components, such as ADP and polyphosphates, contribute to haemostasis and coagulation, but also play a role in cancer metastasis. α-Granules contain multiple cytokines, mitogens, pro- and anti-inflammatory factors and other bioactive molecules that are essential regulators in the complex microenvironment of the growing thrombus but also contribute to a number of disease processes. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of secretion and the genetic regulation of granule biogenesis still remains incomplete. In this review we summarise our current understanding of the roles of platelet secretion in health and disease, and discuss some of the hypotheses that may explain how platelets may control the release of its many secreted components in a context-specific manner, to allow platelets to play multiple roles in health and disease.
Reducing surface roughness of metallic freeform-fabricated parts using non-tactile finishing methods (2004)

Metallic parts created using current freeform fabrication processes have an unacceptably high surface finish (Ra » 1:0 mm) for many functional applications. This paper addresses the use of non-tactile laser polishing for surface finishing of commercial selective laser sintered iron±copper parts. A laser polishing window of energy density for roughness reduction up to a 37% of the original Ra value ranged between ~250 and 580 J cm-2. Several surface melting regimes are identified and analysed. The impact of oxidation on surface finish is discussed.
A methane-fueled SOFC based on a thin BaZr<sub>0.1</sub>Ce<sub>0.7</sub>Y<sub>0.1</sub>Yb<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3−δ</sub> electrolyte film and a LaNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>3</sub> anode functional layer (2016)

A methane-fueled solid oxide fuel cell with high performance was prepared using a thin BZCYYb electrolyte film and a LaNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>3</sub> anode functional layer.
Hydroxyl radical "footprinting" of RNA: application to pre-mRNA splicing complexes. (1989)

We present an adaptation of the hydroxyl radical DNA "footprinting" technique that permits high-resolution mapping of protected regions of RNA. Hydroxyl radical cleaves RNA independently of base sequence and secondary structure of the RNAs examined and allows resolution of protected regions at the single nucleotide level. By using this technique, we show that several regions of the 3' splice site of mRNA precursors are protected during the formation of splicing-specific ribonucleoprotein complexes in an in vitro splicing system. These regions include the 3' intron/exon junction and a portion of the adjacent exon, the polypyrimidine tract, and the site of branch formation. These protections appear to be due to splicing specific complexes since their formation is sensitive to point mutations at crucial residues and requires ATP and incubation. The formation of these protected regions is independent of the presence of a 5' splice site.
Trade-off between inventory and repair capacity in spare part networks (2003)

The availability of repairable technical systems depends on the availability of (repairable) spare parts, to be influenced by (1) inventory levels and (2) repair capacity. In this paper, we present a procedure for simultaneous optimisation of these two factors. Our method is based on a modification of the well-known VARI-METRIC procedure for determining near-optimal spare part inventory levels and results for multi-class, multi-server queuing systems representing repair shops. The modification is required to avoid non-convexity problems in the optimisation procedure. To include part-time and overtime working, we allow for a non-integer repair capacity. To this end, we develop a simple approximation for queuing systems with a non-integer number of servers. Our computational experiments show that the near-optimal utilisation rate of the repair servers is usually high (0.80–0.98) and depends mainly on the relative price of the servers compared with inventory items. Further, the size of the repair shop (the minimal number of servers required for a stable system) plays its part. We also show that our optimisation procedure is robust for the choice of the step size for the server capacity.
Rendering Evolution at Industrial Light and Magic (2004)

From Jurassic Park to Van Helsing, the rendering technologies at ILM have evolved over the last 10 years, both to satisfy the high demands of our clients and also those of the general public. State-of-the-art rendering techniques such as volume rendering, ambient occlusion, image-based rendering, sub-surface scattering and global illumination are now in common use. This summary will give a brief history of how rendering schemes came to be deployed (and fairly often pioneered) at our facility and the challenges they brought with them.
The Effect of Erythropoietin on Gentamicin‐Induced Auditory Hair Cell Loss (2006)

Abstract Objective/Hypothesis: Mammalian auditory hair cells that are unable to regenerate and various agents, including gentamicin, can irreversibly damage the hair cells. Erythropoietin, known as the primary regulator of erythropoiesis, exerts also neuroprotective effects by binding to its receptor. We tested whether erythropoietin can protect the hair cells from gentamicin‐induced damage. Study Design: This study localized the erythropoietin receptor in the cochlea and analyzed the effect of erythropoietin on gentamicin‐damaged hair cells in vitro. Methods: Expression of erythropoietin receptor in the rat cochlea was analyzed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Protection of auditory hair cells from gentamicin was tested in vitro by exposing cultured rat organs of Corti with increasing concentrations of erythropoietin (0.1 U/mL, 1 U/mL, and 10 U/mL). Results: We detected erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor mRNA expression in the organ of Corti, spiral ganglion, and stria vascularis by RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the erythropoietin receptor localizes to the outer and inner hair cells and supporting cells of the organ of Corti, as well as to the spiral ganglion cells and the stria vascularis. Significantly less hair cell loss occurred in the organs of Corti that were pretreated with 0.1 U/mL erythropoietin as compared with samples treated with gentamicin only. Conclusion: Decreased hair cell loss in erythropoietin‐treated organs of Corti that had been exposed to gentamicin provides evidence for a protective effect of erythropoietin in aminoglycoside‐induced hair cell death.
想更好模拟人 实验室小鼠还不够“脏” (2016)

现代生命科学研究的一系列模式生物里，小鼠无疑是名气最大的。“小白鼠”几乎快成了生命科学的代言人、——尽管实验小鼠的毛色并不都是白的。从遗传学到病理学，从基础研究到转化医学，这些小家伙们真正为人类的科学事业做到了“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”，值得所有享受各种科研成果的人对其表达敬意。
Progress in clinical application of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) detection in pediatrics (2003)

Being a kind of cardiac muscle specific protein, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) plays important regulating role in the course of heart contraction. When slight myocardial damage occur, cTnI is released rapidly into the blood flow, and this increases the serum concentration of cTnI. So, detection of its serum concentration becomes an index for determination of myocardial damage. For its high sensitivity and specificity, it is of important significance for diagnosis of myocardial damage in pediatric clinic.
Effect of Curing Sequence on the Photopolymerization and Thermal Curing Kinetics of Dimethacrylate/Epoxy Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (2002)

The isothermal photopolymerization kinetics of a dimethacrylate and the thermal cure of an epoxy/anhydride mixture have been investigated separately and within the 50:50 dimethacrylate/epoxy IPN using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). This combination of cross-linkable resins permits the partial or complete cure of each component independent of each other. DSC studies showed that the conversion of the slower polymerizing component was affected by vitrification, network topology, or phase separation in the IPN. The effect of changing the order of cure of the dimethacrylate or the epoxy within the IPN on the polymerization kinetics of each group was also studied using NIRthe conversion of each species was found to be very dependent on the cure order. Dynamical mechanical thermal analysis was used to investigate the effect of curing sequence on the phase morphology of the IPN and revealed that the 50:50 IPN is two phase when the dimethacrylate is photocured before the cure of the epoxy component but is a single phase when the epoxy is cured first.
Films (1968)

In the present circumstances one could be forgiven for assuming that Symphony in Gold (col, 25 min) has something to do with either devaluation or monetary reform. In fact the ‘gold’ turns out to be tobacco and the ‘symphony’ is created by the interplay of tobacco, people and machines in a vast cigarette factory.
PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E CRISE DAS CIDADES (2015)

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Dependence of the XeCl laser cut rate of plaque on the degree of calcification, laser fluence, and optical pulse duration (1990)

A XeCl laser with an optical pulse duration of 35 ns was used to determine the cut depth per laser pulse of postmortem human aorta as a function of laser fluence for four main categories of plaque development. The data indicate that the cut depth per pulse progressively decreases as the degree of calcification increases even at very high (100 mJ/mm2) laser fluences. A comparison was made between the XeCl laser cut rate data obtained using the 35-ns duration laser pulses to data obtained using 200-ns duration pulses for each of the four plaque types. As the degree of tissue calcification increased higher XeCl laser fluences were required for the long pulse case to achieve the same cut depth per pulse as that observed using the shorter pulse duration.
Facilitated Hexose Transporters: New Perspectives on Form and Function (2007)

The recent sequencing of the human genome has resulted in the addition of nine new hGLUT isoforms to the SLC2A family, many of which have widely varying substrate specificity, kinetic behavior, and tissue distribution. This review examines some new hypotheses related to the structure and function of these proteins.
The centrality of pivotal points in the evolution of scientific networks (2005)

In this paper, we describe the development of CiteSpace as an integrated environment for identifying and tracking thematic trends in scientific literature. The goal is to simplify the process of finding not only highly cited clusters of scientific articles, but also pivotal points and trails that are likely to characterize fundamental transitions of a knowledge domain as a whole. The trails of an advancing research field are captured through a sequence of snapshots of its intellectual structure over time in the form of Pathfinder networks. These networks are subsequently merged with a localized pruning algorithm. Pivotal points in the merged network are algorithmically identified and visualized using the betweenness centrality metric. An example of finding clinical evidence associated with reducing risks of heart diseases is included to illustrate how CiteSpace could be used. The contribution of the work is its integration of various change detection algorithms and interactive visualization capabilities to simply users' tasks.
Anisotropic growth of gold clusters to gold nanocubes under UV irradiation (2007)

A chiral reagent, 2-naphthol, has been introduced under alkaline solution as a reductant for HAuCl(4) in CTAB micelle to produce exclusively cubic gold nanoparticles under UV photoactivation. Prolonged irradiation helped the digestion of the primarily evolved spherical particles into smaller gold nanocubes, which then act as tiny cubic seeds, leading to the formation of larger nanocubes. The smaller cubes take the assistance of CTAB under alkaline condition to serve as the seed in directing the transformation of all the spherical colloids into cubic shapes under continuous irradiation via Ostwald ripening. The shape transformation of the nanoparticles has been monitored by repetitive TEM imaging and absorption spectral analysis. The FTIR analysis proves that the gold nanocubes are capped by CTAB. The XRD pattern authenticates the formation of the fcc gold nanocubes. GCMS studies in turn confirmed the presence of hydroxylation of 2-naphthol in the course of the reaction, leaving exclusively cubic gold nanoparticles at the final stage of the photoactivation reaction.
Biosynthesis of <scp>d</scp> -Alanyl-Lipoteichoic Acid: Characterization of Ester-Linked <scp>d</scp> -Alanine in the In Vitro-Synthesized Product (1980)

d-Alanyl-lipoteichoic acid (d-alanyl-LTA) contains d-alanine ester residues which control the ability of this polyer to chelate Mg(2+). In Lactobacillus casei a two-step in vitro reaction sequence catalyzed by the d-alanine-activating enzyme and d-alanine:membrane acceptor ligase incorporates d-alanine into membrane acceptor. In this paper we provide additional evidence that the in vitro system catalyzes the covalent incorporation of d-[(14)C]alanine into membrane acceptor which is the poly([(3)H]glycerol phosphate) moiety of d-alanyl-LTA. This conclusion was supported by the observation that the d-[(14)C]alanine and [(3)H]glycerol labels of the partially purified product were co-precipitated by antiserum containing globulins specific for poly(glycerol phosphate). The isolation of d-[(14)C]alanyl-[(3)H]glycerol from d-[(14)C]alanine.[(3)H]glycerol-labeled d-alanyl-LTA synthesized in the in vitro system indicated that the d-alanine was linked to the poly(glycerol phosphate) chain of the LTA. A comparison of the reactivities of the d-alanine residues of d-alanyl-glycerol and d-alanyl-LTA supported the conclusion that the incorporated residue of d-alanine was attached by an ester linkage. Thus, the data indicated that the in vitro system catalyzes the incorporation of d-alanine covalently linked by ester linkages to the glycerol moieties of the poly(glycerol phosphate) chains of d-alanyl-LTA. New procedures are presented for the partial purification of d-alanyl-LTA with a high yield of ester-linked d-alanine and for the sequential degradation of the poly(glycerol phosphate) moiety substituted with d-alanine of d-alanyl-LTA with phosphodiesterase II/phosphatase from Aspergillus niger.