gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High accuracy navigation and landing system using GPS/IMU system integration (2002)

The accuracy, integrity and availability requirements for automatic landing systems using satellite navigation systems are discussed. Such a landing system is the integrated navigation and landing system (INLS) developed by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA/Ulm, Germany). The system concept of the INLS is presented. It is shown how an INLS, based on system integration of a satellite navigation system (e.g. GPS) in realtime differential mode with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in the accuracy class of an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), can meet the requirements: the results given in this paper are mainly devoted to the accuracy issues. Using Kalman filter techniques, an in-flight calibration of the IMU is performed. The advantage of system integration, especially in dynamic flight conditions and during phases of flight with satellite masking, is explained. The accuracy, integrity and availability of the INLS were proven by means of flight tests in a commuter aircraft using a laser tracker as a reference. These flight tests have shown that the short-term accuracy (<60 seconds) of the AHRS used within the INLS has been improved from low cost sensor quality to the accuracy of a high quality laser inertial navigation system (LINS).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of Some Amino Acid Analogues and Metabolites as Inhibitors of Wool and Hair Growth (1983)

Sheep were given intravenous infusions of ethionine together with cycloleucine or reduced glutathione, in attempts to prevent the inhibition of wool growth by ethionine. Other sheep were given cycloleucine alone to measure effects on wool growth. Twenty-two compounds related to cystine, methionine, ethionine, lysine, phenylalanine and tyrosine were given as intravenous infusions to sheep to investigate their potential as depilatory agents. Nineteen of these compounds were also tested in mice during their first cycle of hair growth. The concurrent administration of cycloleucine with ethionine prevented the weakening of wool fibres caused by ethionine, but reduced glutathione was ineffective. Cycloleucine weakened wool fibres, as judged subjectively, and caused a small reduction in fibre diameter. Selenocystine and selenomethionine caused some hair loss in mice but selenocystine was also toxic. Both seleno-amino acids were toxic for sheep; selenocystine was lethal at 0.025 mmol kg-0.75 and selenomethionine at 0.09 mmol kg-0.75. Doses that permitted survival of sheep did not have depilatory effects. However, the presence of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm of follicle bulb cells of sheep indicated that a toxic dose of selenocystine had potential depilatory activity. Other compounds investigated did not induce loss of wool or hair. Some compounds, notably 3-methylthiopropionic acid and S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine, were toxic to mice but not sheep. The methionine analogue, methoxinine (O-methyl-DL-homoserine), caused a substantial reduction in the strength of wool fibres and a prolonged alteration of the crimp pattern. It is suggested tentatively that cycloleucine inhibits methionine adenosyltransferase and thereby reduces or prevents the formation of S-adenosylethionine. The failure of various compounds related to methionine and ethionine to have any depilatory activity in sheep supports the view that ethionine influences wool growth via the formation of S-adenosylethionine.
Toward Efficient Carbon Nanotube/P3HT Solar Cells: Active Layer Morphology, Electrical, and Optical Properties (2011)

We demonstrate single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/P3HT polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells with an AM1.5 efficiency of 0.72%, significantly higher than previously reported (0.05%). A key step in achieving high efficiency is the utilization of semiconducting SWCNTs coated with an ordered P3HT layer to enhance the charge separation and transport in the device active layer. Electrical characteristics of devices with SWCNT concentrations up to 40 wt % were measured and are shown to be strongly dependent on the SWCNT loading. A maximum open circuit voltage was measured for SWCNT concentration of 3 wt % with a value of 1.04 V, higher than expected based on the interface band alignment. Modeling of the open-circuit voltage suggests that despite the large carrier mobility in SWCNTs device power conversion efficiency is governed by carrier recombination. Optical characterization shows that only SWCNT with diameter of 1.3-1.4 nm can contribute to the photocurrent with internal quantum efficiency up to 26%. Our results advance the fundamental understanding and improve the design of efficient polymer/SWCNTs solar cells.
Antioxidants and stabilizers, LXXIX. Effects of products of the oxidative transformation of 4,4′‐thio‐bis(2‐methyl‐6‐tert‐butylphenol) on the oxidation of polypropylene (1979)

Abstract Effects of products of the oxidative transformation of 4,4′‐thio‐bis(2‐methyl‐6‐tert‐butylphenol) (I) on the oxidation of isotactic polypropylene at 180°C were investigated. All the transformation products possessing sulphur in their molecule exhibit antioxidative activity, but this activity decreases with the increasing degree of oxidation of sulphur in the molecule in the order S>SO≥SO 2 . Along with thiobisphenols, regarded as intramolecular synergistic systems, mixtures of 4,4′‐methylene‐bis(2‐methyl‐6‐tert‐butylphenol) with didodecyl‐3,3′‐thiodipropionate were also investigated. It was found that the antioxidative activity of mixtures was approximately three times that of the equivalent thiobisphenols. On the other hand, however, a twofold increase in the sulphur content with respect to the phenolic hydroxyl makes the relative activity increase 1.4 times in both systems. This finding may be regarded as evidence of the heterosynergistic activity of both systems.
Method of Determining Unconventional Reservoir Saturation with NMR Logging (2019)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T1-T2 logs from several west Texas wells over various formation layers were acquired to assess the values of NMR logging for fluid typing and saturation quantification in tight mudstone reservoirs. To quantify fluids in those low-porosity formations, high-density NMR data with adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are essential, and an inversion algorithm capable of resolving fluids on T1-T2 map is needed. These requirements are achieved with multifrequency data acquisition having a short interecho spacing (TE) for all frequencies, which yields a total of 15,400 echoes per depth in a single NMR pulse sequence cycle. This large data density enables less vertical averaging to be needed in both 1D and 2D processing, which is essential for capturing the porosity and fluid volume variation in these layered formations. The use of the inversion-forward modeling-inversion (IFMI) method improves the spectral resolution of the relaxation time distribution and T1-T2 map resolution because the method adequately addresses the effect of gradient differences in NMR responses in multifrequency data acquisition. 2D T1-T2 map fluid resolution of downhole stations and moving logs are compared to determine the minimal stacking required for fluid discrimination. The porosity and water volume are compared with those of conventional and mineralogy logs.
Skeletal Ni-P Amorphous Alloy(R-Ni-P) as a Hydrogenation Catalyst (1998)

Abstract Ni-P amorphous alloy with skeletal structure like Raney nickel was prepared by alkali leaching of a Ni-Al-P amorphous alloy obtained by the rapid quenching method, which exhibits high selectivity and activity for the hydrogenation of the organic compounds with various unsaturated functional groups.
Partitioned polymerization, 3. On the use of inhibitors partially soluble in the aqueous phase (1989)

Abstract The partitioned emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile initiated by ammonium peroxodisulfate and/or 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile was studied in the presence of p ‐benzoquinone, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl, 4‐benzoyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl, 4‐methacryloyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl, 4‐acetoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl and 4‐stearoyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl radicals. These compounds with the exception of 4‐stearoyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl inhibit the partitioned emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. In the partitioned emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile 4‐stearoyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl was also found to be effective. This fact was ascribed to the increased water solubility of this inhibitor in an emulsion polymerization system containing acrylonitrile.
<title>The optical system of the stand for DOE-HOE producing with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator</title> (2006)

The DOE-HOE's, made by Dot-matrix technology, have found application in various areas, such as security, protection of various goods from faking, packing etc. These holograms contain a set of pixels with diffraction gratings with different spatial frequencies and orientation. The process of manufacturing represents a consecutive pixels exposure. The pixels quantity is great (about 10<sup>5</sup>-10<sup>6</sup>), that's why master-shim manufacturing requires considerable time. Spatial frequency and orientation of gratings change because of mechanical shift of elements. For acceleration of the recording process it is necessary to replace slow mechanical devices with high-speed ones. This paper proposes a possible solution of this problem, by using a spatial light modulator. This paper describes the technique and results of calculations of optical components parameters.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte nonresponsiveness to the male antigen H-Y in the H-2Db mutants bm13 and bm14. Complementation of the response in F1 crosses with the I-Ab mutant bm12 nonresponder and failure of B6 or Db mutant mice tolerant of each other to respond to allogeneic male cells. (1983)

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the male-specific antigen H-Y in C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) mice is regulated by the I-Ab and Db molecules. From previous studies, we concluded that the bm12 I-Ab mutant does not respond to H-Y, because of a deletion in its T-helper-cell repertoire. We now demonstrate that two Db mutants, bm13 and bm14, also fail to generate a CTL response to H-Y. The bm12 class-II mutant on one hand and the bm13 and bm14 class-I mutants on the other complemented each other for the H-Y-specific CTL response in (bm12 X bm13)F1 and (bm 12 X bm 14)F1 hybrids. This indicates that the need for tolerance of the mutant class II and class I molecules in these hybrids does not create deletions in the I-Ab-restricted T helper cell and Db-restricted CTL repertoire for H-Y. This study constitutes the first demonstration with H-2 mutants that a CTL response controlled by class I and class II MHC molecules is complemented in an F1 cross between a class I and a class II nonresponder. (B6 X bm 13)F1 and (B6 X bm 14)F1 hybrids only responded to H-Y when the antigen was presented on F1 or B6 antigen-presenting cells (apc) but not on Db mutant apc. B6 or Db mutant responders rendered neonatally tolerant of each other failed to respond to the H-Y antigen presented on the tolerogenic allogeneic cell. In the tolerized animals, a response was only seen with responder (B6) type T cells and responder type (B6) apc, indicating that both the T cell source and the MHC type of the apc have to be taken into account in this system. Thus, Ir genes may act at the level of both the T cell repertoire and antigen presentation.
Preexposure to hyperoxia causes increased lung injury and epithelial apoptosis in mice ventilated with high tidal volumes (2010)

Both high tidal volume mechanical ventilation (HV) and hyperoxia (HO) have been implicated in ventilator-induced lung injury. However, patients with acute lung injury are often exposed to HO before the application of mechanical ventilation. The potential priming of the lungs for subsequent injury by exposure to HO has not been extensively studied. We provide evidence that HO (90%) for 12 h followed by HV (25 μl/g) combined with HO for 2 or 4 h (HO-12h+HVHO-2h or -4h) induced severe lung injury in mice. Analysis of lung homogenates showed that lung injury was associated with cleavage of executioner caspases, caspases-3 and -7, and their downstream substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). No significant lung injury or caspase cleavage was seen with either HO for 16 h or HV for up to 4 h. Ventilation for 4 h with HO (HVHO) did not cause significant lung injury without preexposure to HO. Twelve-hour HO followed by lower tidal volume (6 μl/g) mechanical ventilation failed to produce significant injury or caspase cleavage. We also evaluated the initiator caspases, caspases-8 and -9, to determine whether the death receptor or mitochondrial-mediated pathways were involved. Caspase-9 cleavage was observed in HO-12h+HVHO-2h and -4h as well as HO for 16 h. Caspase-8 activation was observed only in HO-12h+HVHO-4h, indicating the involvement of both pathways. Immunohistochemistry and in vitro stretch studies showed caspase cleavage in alveolar epithelial cells. In conclusion, preexposure to HO followed by HV produced severe lung injury associated with alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis.
Adenosine Kinase Deficiency Is Associated with Developmental Abnormalities and Reduced Transmethylation (2002)

Adenosine (Ado) kinase (ADK; ATP:Ado 5' phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20) catalyzes the salvage synthesis of adenine monophosphate from Ado and ATP. In Arabidopsis, ADK is encoded by two cDNAs that share 89% nucleotide identity and are constitutively, yet differentially, expressed in leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. To investigate the role of ADK in plant metabolism, lines deficient in this enzyme activity have been created by sense and antisense expression of the ADK1 cDNA. The levels of ADK activity in these lines range from 7% to 70% of the activity found in wild-type Arabidopsis. Transgenic plants with 50% or more of the wild-type activity have a normal morphology. In contrast, plants with less than 10% ADK activity are small with rounded, wavy leaves and a compact, bushy appearance. Because of the lack of elongation of the primary shoot, the siliques extend in a cluster from the rosette. Fertility is decreased because the stamen filaments do not elongate normally; hypocotyl and root elongation are reduced also. The hydrolysis of S-adenosyl-L-homo-cysteine (SAH) produced from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methylation reactions is a key source of Ado in plants. The lack of Ado salvage in the ADK-deficient lines leads to an increase in the SAH level and results in the inhibition of SAM-dependent transmethylation. There is a direct correlation between ADK activity and the level of methylesterified pectin in seed mucilage, as monitored by staining with ruthenium red, immunofluorescence labeling, or direct assay. These results indicate that Ado must be steadily removed by ADK to prevent feedback inhibition of SAH hydrolase and maintain SAM utilization and recycling.
Ontology for immunogenetics: the IMGT-ONTOLOGY (1999)

IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database (http:@imgt.cines.fr:8104), created by M.-P. Lefranc, is an integrated database specializing in antigen receptors (immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of all vertebrate species. IMGT accurate immunogenetics data are based on the standardization of the biological knowledge provided by the 'ImMunoGeneTics' IMGT-ONTOLOGY. The IMGT-ONTOLOGY describes the classification and specification of terms needed for immunogenetics and bioinformatics. IMGT-ONTOLOGY covers four main concepts: 'IDENTIFICATION', 'DESCRIPTION', 'CLASSIFICATION' and 'OBTENTION'. These concepts allow an extensive and standardized description and characterization of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor data. The controlled vocabulary and the annotation rules are indispensable to ensure accuracy, consistency and coherence in IMGT. IMGT-ONTOLOGY allows scientists and clinicians to use, for the first time, identical terms with the same meaning in immunogenetics. It provides a semantic repository that will improve interoperability between specialist and generalist databases.
Development of an X-ray projection microscope using synchrotron radiation (2000)

Projection microscopy using synchrotron radiation as a light source has been developed. The system consists of a Fresnel zone plate to produce a small point source, an aperture (pinhole), a specimen holder, and a back-illuminated CCD camera. With this system, we obtained the images of EM-grids and dried mammalian cells. The resolution was estimated to be around 1.3 μm from the intensity change of 10 to 90% in the image of the edge pattern of an EM-grid.
Highly Selective and Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals by Layered Double Hydroxide Intercalated with the MoS<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup> Ion (2016)

The MoS4(2-) ion was intercalated into magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl-NO3-LDH) to produce a single phase material of Mg0.66Al0.34(OH)2(MoS4)0.17·nH2O (MgAl-MoS4-LDH), which demonstrates highly selective binding and extremely efficient removal of heavy metal ions such as Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Ag(+), and Hg(2+). The MoS4-LDH displays a selectivity order of Co(2+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+) < Cd(2+) ≪ Pb(2+) < Cu(2+) < Hg(2+) < Ag(+) for the metal ions. The enormous capacities for Hg(2+) (∼500 mg/g) and Ag(+) (450 mg/g) and very high distribution coefficients (Kd) of ∼10(7) mL/g place the MoS4-LDH at the top of materials known for such removal. Sorption isotherm for Ag(+) agrees with the Langmuir model suggesting a monolayer adsorption. It can rapidly lower the concentrations of Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Hg(2+), and Ag(+) from ppm levels to trace levels of ≤1 ppb. For the highly toxic Hg(2+) (at ∼30 ppm concentration), the adsorption is exceptionally rapid and highly selective, showing a 97.3% removal within 5 min, 99.7% removal within 30 min, and ∼100% removal within 1 h. The sorption kinetics for Cu(2+), Ag(+), Pb(2+), and Hg(2+) follows a pseudo-second-order model suggesting a chemisorption with the adsorption mechanism via M-S bonding. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples after adsorption demonstrate the coordination and intercalation structures depending on the metal ions and their concentration. After the capture of heavy metals, the crystallites of the MoS4-LDH material retain the original hexagonal prismatic shape and are stable at pH ≈ 2-10. The MoS4-LDH material is thus promising for the remediation of heavy metal polluted water.
Efficient use of memory bandwidth to improve network processor throughput (2003)

We consider the efficiency of packet buffers used in packet switches built using network processors (NPs). Packet buffers are typically implemented using DRAM, which provides plentiful buffering at a reasonable cost. The problem we address is that a typical NP workload may be unable to utilize the peak DRAM bandwidth. Since the bandwidth of the packet buffer is often the bottleneck in the performance of a shared-memory packet switch, inefficient use of available DRAM bandwidth further reduces the packet throughput. Specialized hardware-based schemes that alleviate the DRAM bandwith problem in high-end routers may be less applicable to NP-based systems, in which cost is an important consideration.In this paper, we propose cost-effective ways to enhance average-case DRAM bandwidth. In modern DRAMs, successive accesses falling within the same DRAM row are significantly faster than those falling across rows. If accesses to DRAM can be generated differently or reordered to take advantage of fast same-row accesses, peak DRAM bandwidth can be approached. The challenge is in exploiting this "row locality" despite the unpredictable nature of memory accesses in NPs. We propose a set of simple techniques to meet this challenge. These include locality-sensitive buffer allocation on packet input, reordering DRAM accesses to increase locality, and prefetching to reduce row miss penalty. We evaluate our techniques on cycle-accurate simulations of Intel's IXP 1200 network processor and find that they boost packet throughput on average by 42.7%, utilizing nearly the peak DRAM bandwidth, for a set of common NP applications processing a real trace.
The synergistic effect of nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy and radiation therapy (2010)

This paper describes a novel treatment: based on nanoparticles that combines radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. With this approach, the application of traditional photodynamic therapies only to surface treatment can be solved, so that the therapeutic effect can be improved; the approach also could guarantee the effectiveness of treatment and reduce radiation doses, so it can effectively control the complications of radiotherapy, This new modality will open a new chapter for cancer therapy.

Key words: 
Neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Photochemotherapy; Self-lighting photodynamic therapy; Nanomedicine
Context in literature (2000)

In March 1988 I spent a week in Florence following a Salzburg seminar. I did what most people do in Florence, wandered around from church to church absorbing the art of the High Renaissance. A few days later, with time to kill in Frankfurt before flying home to Australia, I visited that city's Museum of Modern Art and left the building physically ill. I'll never forget it. The contrast was truly appalling. Though neither a painter nor a connoisseur of visual arts, I don't need to be, to k now we're running on empty in the contemporary West.
A Balanced Sub-Harmonic Mixer for multi-OFDM Ultra Wide Band Direct Conversion Transmitters (2006)

In this paper a single balanced sub-harmonic mixer, suitable for direct-conversion IEEE 802.15.3a ultra wide band transmitter, is introduced, fabricated and tested. The circuit, which consists of two pairs of anti-parallel diodes connected by a wideband balun and proper frequency terminations, is optimized for direct up-conversion in the 3.1-4.8 GHz band. The prototype was realized by means of hybrid technology, surface mount packaged Schottky diodes and passive components. The measurements highlight a conversion loss ranging from 12 dB to 15 dB and an in-band second LO harmonics in the range of 48 dB to 57 dB. The proposed passive mixer optimum functionality is achieved with a LO power of 7 dBm. Finally, the prototype response was shaped by a microstrip multisections coupled-lines band pass filter, designed to operate as output spectrum shaping. The system level considerations demonstrated the suitability of the proposed circuit topology for UWB MBOA applications
Analysis of antigenic diversity among human cytomegaloviruses by kinetic neutralization tests with high-titered rabbit antisera (1978)

Neutralizing antisera to human cytomegalovirus were produced in rabbits with alkaline-buffered extracts of infected cell cultures. The antibody activity was complement dependent and associated primarily with the 7S immunoglobulin fraction. Antisera with homologous K values greater than 10.00 were shown to be suitable for neutralization kinetic studies and were so used to examine the antigenic relatedness of strains AD169, Davis, Esp, C-87, Kerr, and Towne. Based upon the degree of relationship as determined by normalized K values, antisera to the Davis or AD169 strains discriminated three antigenic groups, and an antiserum to strain Esp discriminated two groups.