gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometric Studies of Molecular Ions in the Noble Gases (1951)

Molecular ions of the rare gases (${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}_{2}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{A}}_{2}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{Kr}}_{2}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{Xe}}_{2}^{+}$) produced by electron impact at gas pressures from ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ mm Hg have been studied with a small mass spectrometer. The ion intensity increased linearly with electron current and with the square of the gas pressure. The form of the ionization versus electron energy curves resembles closely curves of excitation probability by electron collision. The appearance potentials of the molecular ions were less than those of the atomic ions by ${1.4}_{\ensuremath{-}0.2}^{+0.7}$ volts in He, ${0.7}_{\ensuremath{-}0.3}^{+0.7}$ volt in Ne, ${0.7}_{\ensuremath{-}0.2}^{+0.7}$ volt in A, ${0.7}_{\ensuremath{-}0.3}^{+0.7}$ volt in Kr. These results can be interpreted, we believe, only by assuming that the process of formation of the molecular ions observed in this experiment is, using helium as an example, an excitation by electron impact, $\mathrm{He}+e+\mathrm{K}.\mathrm{E}.\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{He}}^{*}+e$, followed by the collision process, ${\mathrm{He}}^{*}+\mathrm{He}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{He}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}+e$, where ${\mathrm{He}}^{*}$ stands for a helium atom raised to a high-lying excited state. Our results differ from those of Arnot and M'Ewen on helium particularly in that they reported the appearance potential low enough to permit metastable atoms to form molecular ions.
Targeted delivery of an anti-cancer agent via steroid coupled liposomes (2009)

In the present investigation, testosterone (T) was evaluated as a targeting ligand to direct the site-specific delivery of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) bearing liposomes to the androgen receptor (ARs) positive tumors and other organs like prostate, brain, and testis. The testosterone was conjugated with the distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DSPE) and then this lipid conjugate, Testosterone-DSPE (T-DSPE) was used as one of the components of the liposome. The liposomes were prepared by cast film method using T-DSPE, egg PC, and cholesterol. Further these liposomes were characterized for vesicle shape, average size, polydispersity index, drug entrapment, and in vitro drug release. It was observed that the prepared liposomes were spherical in shape with an average size of 232 +/- 21 nm and 0.181 +/- 0.064 polydispersity index. The in vitro drug release study showed 79.50 +/- 2.81 percent drug release in 24 h. In vivo performance of the developed liposomes was evaluated using organ distribution study in male albino rats. Moreover the fluorescent microscopy was also performed using 6-Carboxyfluorescein (6-CF) as a fluorescent marker. The organ distribution and fluorescent uptake studies confirm that T-DSPE coupled liposomes were effectively taken up by various ARs expressing tissues. Thus, it may be concluded that the testosterone may be used as an effective ligand for the site-specific delivery of anti-cancer agents to various ARs positive carcinomas.
(Position Paper) WS-ECA: An ECA Rule Description Language for Ubiquitous Services Computing (2006)

computing network comprises a variety of distributed service devices. Today Web services technology enables the heterogeneous devices to provide their own services and interact with each other via well-defined Internet protocol. Nevertheless, service devices in ubiquitous environments require more event- driven, autonomous interaction beyond rather passive service- oriented architecture of the present time. This paper presents an ECA (Event-Condition-Action) rule description language in an attempt to support capability for autonomous interactions among service-oriented devices in ubiquitous computing network. Specifically, the proposed WS-ECA is an XML-based ECA rule description language for web service-enabled devices. The rules are embedded in distributed devices which invoke appropriate services in the network if the rules are triggered by some internal or external events. The presented ECA-based device coordination approach is expected to facilitate seamless inter-operation among the web service-enabled devices in the emerging ubiquitous computing environment.
Inflammatory markers in cystic fibrosis patients with transmissible<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2003)

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) leads to a damaging host inflammatory response. There are an increasing number of reports of P. aeruginosa cross-infection at CF centres. The clinical significance of acquisition of a transmissible strain for patients who already harbour P. aeruginosa is unclear. In this study, levels of inflammatory markers in clinically stable adult CF patients who harbour transmissible and sporadic strains of P. aeruginosa have been compared. Patients with CF and chronic P. aeruginosa infection were grouped into those who harbour a transmissible P. aeruginosa and those who harbour their own sporadic strains. Total white cell and differential counts, sputum neutrophil elastase (NE), interleukin (IL)-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, plasma IL-6 and NE/alpha1-antitrypsin complexes, serum C-reactive protein, and urine TNF receptor 1 were all measured in clinically stable patients 4-6 weeks following completion of intravenous antibiotic therapy. The two groups (both n=20) were well matched for per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, per cent predicted forced vital capacity and body mass index. There were no significant differences in levels of white cell counts or inflammatory markers between the two groups. At times of clinical stability, cystic fibrosis patients infected with transmissible Pseudomonas aeruginosa do not have a heightened inflammatory response above that of those harbouring sporadic strains.
A Stripline Frequency Translator (1961)

A frequency translator is discussed which operates at C-band frequencies. The modulators in the frequency translator are crystal diodes, and modulation is obtained by periodic variation of the reflection characteristic of the crystal modulators. The conversion loss of the frequency translator is 6.5 db at 8-mw input power. The unwanted sidebands are at least 25 db below the translated signal.
Methyl, Trifluoromethyl, and Methoxycarbonyl—Introduction to the Fifth Position on the Pyridine Ring of Chloronicotinyl Insecticide Imidacloprid (2006)

Abstract Imidacloprid is the first chloronicotinyl insecticide and is currently the largest‐selling insecticide worldwide. As a project to find its variants of different insecticidal spectra, derivatives substituted with methyl, trifluoromethyl, and methoxycarbonyl at the fifth position on the pyridine ring of imidacloprid were prepared.
A mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age (2006)

Results show for the first time a beneficial effect of prebiotics on the development of atopic dermatitis in a high risk population of infants. Although the mechanism of this effect requires further investigation, it appears likely that oligosaccharides modulate postnatal immune development by altering bowel flora and have a potential role in primary allergy prevention during infancy.
The pivotal role of community building in electronic commerce (2005)

Firms competing in the arena of electronic commerce (e-commerce) strive to understand the new business potentials which the Internet offers. The paper considers Virtual Communities of Transaction as an important arena to realize these potentials. Since they can grow trust, cultivate a collective awareness, and stress community knowledge, they can be a valuable component of e-commerce sites. We focus on electronic product catalogs (EPCs) as a popular example of a component in the e-commerce setting and propose an architecture for an "enhanced EPC": the Participatory Product Catalog (PEP). The PEP brings the notion of virtual communities to e-commerce by combining aspects of product information and community building for business use. PEPs offer: (1) the social building of trust, (2) the ability to foster the growth of valuable community knowledge and (3) the effective use of personalization strategies. To personalize PEPs, we present the "My PEP" approach which uses collaborative filtering to alter the interface and the underlying data store. Concluding remarks stress the pivotal role of community building in successful e-commerce strategies.
Comparing syntactic complexity in medical and non-medical corpora. (2001)

With the growing use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques as solutions in Medical Informatics, the need to quickly and efficiently create the knowledge structures used by these systems has grown concurrently. Automatic discovery of a lexicon for use by an NLP system through machine learning will require information about the syntax of medical language. Understanding the syntactic differences between medical and non-medical corpora may allow more efficient acquisition of a lexicon. Three experiments designed to quantify the syntactic differences in medical and non-medical corpora were conducted. The results show that the syntax of medical language shows less variation than non-medical language and is likely simpler. The differences were great enough to question the applicability of general language tools on medical language. These differences may reduce the difficulty of some free text machine learning problems by capitalizing on the simpler nature of narrative medical syntax.
Molecular evolution of pancreatic-type ribonucleases. (1986)

Amino acid sequences of 39 mammalian ribonucleases have been used to construct trees by the maximum parsimony procedure. These trees are in fairly good agreement with the biological classification of the species involved. In the branching order of the six investigated eutherian mammalian orders, the edentates diverge first, followed, probably, by the primates. No definite conclusions can be drawn about the order of divergence of the perissodactyls, the rodents, and the group consisting of artiodactyls plus cetaceans. Nucleic acid sequences of part of the messenger RNAs of rat pancreatic and bovine seminal ribonuclease were compared. Both messengers have a second stop codon at position 129, which is in agreement with the addition of four residues at the C-terminus in several other ribonucleases. Turtle pancreatic ribonuclease and human angiogenin differ from each other and from the mammalian ribonucleases at 55%-70% of the amino acid positions; they share a number of structural features. Mammalian nonsecretory ribonucleases are homologous to the pancreatic ribonucleases in sequence regions where the active-site histidine residues are located.
Improved Selective Protections of L-Arginine (1998)

Abstract Reliable procedures for the selective introduction of carbobenzyloxy and phthalimido groups onto the α-amino position, and of carboethoxy groups onto the δ- and ω-guanidino positions of L-arginine are described.
Photooxidation of amine crosslinked epoxies II. Influence of structure (1983)

We have studied the photooxidation of networks based on three diepoxides containing isopropylidene or methylene bisphenol structures and three diamines of the dianiline type, with, respectively, methylene (DDM), ether (DDE), or sulfone (DDS) bridges. The results are discussed in terms of photoinitiated radical oxidation mechanisms. The comparison of the different systems shows that the photoinitiating species essentially derive from the phenoxy part, whereas the propagation essentially depends on amine concentration and electron density at the nitrogen atom. The amine structure also plays a very important role in color development.
Fine-needle aspiration of epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (epithelioid malignant schwannoma) (1997)

The epithelioid variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), also known as malignant epithelioid schwannoma, is a relatively rare and recently characterized clinicopathologic entity. The epithelioid variant of MPNST shares many clinical features with conventional MPNST but is characterized by different histologic and cytologic features. These include a distinctive nesting pattern and an abundance of cytoplasm not seen in histology of conventional nerve sheath tumors. Cytologically, the epitheliod variant shows a propensity to cellular discohesiveness and a plasmacytoid or epitheliod appearance that is in contradistinction to the spindled appearance of the usual MPNST. Herein, we report our experience with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of two epithelioid malignant schwannomas and discuss the FNA cytologic differential diagnosis.
논문 : 서울시 초고층 주거 건축의 특성 및 개선 방향에 관한 연구 -환경친화적 관점을 중심으로- (2008)

국내 초고층 주거 건축은 90년대 이후 30층 이상의 고층 건축이 지어지고, 이후 90년대 말부터 주상복합 형태로 건립되면서 본격화되었으며, 새로운 주거 건축의 한 부분으로 자리매김하게 되었다. 하지만 현재 국내, 특히 서울시에 새롭게 생겨나는 초고층 주거 건축은 거대한 볼륨 형성으로 도시 장벽이 되어 주변 조망을 차단하고, 독특한 풍 환경 형성으로 보행자와 주변에 악영향을 주며, 심각한 교통문제, 대량의 에너지 소비와 오염물질 방출에 따른 환경 문제 등 여러 가지 문제점을 나타내고 있다. 그러므로 향후 도시의 새로운 주거 스타일로 도시의 구조상 초고층이 필연적으로 생길 수밖에 없다면 이러한 다양한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 이에 초고층 건축의 부정적 영향을 최소화하고 긍정적 효과를 더욱 부각시키고, 오히려 도시의 경관을 향상시키면서 자연과 조화로운 이상 건축이 될 수 있는 방법을 찾기 위해서는 초고층 건축의 지속가능한 개발의 개념과 환경친화적 접근이 절실히 요구된다고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 21세기 환경시대에 부합하고 이상적인 미래 도시로서의 서울 이미지 구축을 위해 환경친화적 초고층 건축의 필요성을 강조하고, 현재 서울의 초고층 주거건축을 환경친화적 관점에서 분석해 봄으로 현재 도시환경에서의 문제점을 제시하며 향후 초고층 주거건축의 환경친화성 향상을 위한 방법을 제시하려고 하였다. 이에 서울에 소재한 10개의 초고층 주거 건축을 건축 계획적 측면에서 배치, 형태, 입면, 평면 계획을 중심으로 살펴보고, 환경친화적 기술 분석에서는 자연에너지 이용, 자원절감과 폐기물 저감 계획, 자연형 건축 환경 설계, 자연친화 시스템을 중심으로 분석하여 각 항목에서 향후 개선사항을 제시하였다.
The Histopathology of Wrinkles (1973)

SYNOPSIS-The HISTOPATHOLOGY of WRINKLE SKIN was compared to with the patient acting as his own control. BIOPSY specimens were taken primarily from the FACE and NECK. Sections were fixed in formalin and stains were done for collagen, elastin, reticuhn, neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides, a well as the routine hematoxylin and eosin. It was not possible to differentiate wrinkle from nonwrinkle skin since the findings were similar in both areas. Wrinkles develop from body folds and from underlying muscle contraction. Older or aged skin and skin wltich has been damaged from sunlight is more subject to wrinkling.
Rh(II)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Sulfamidation of Aldehydes:  A Mild Efficient Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Sulfonylcarboxamides (2007)

Rh(II)-catalyzed oxidative coupling of aldehydes and sulfonamides has been developed to provide N-sulfonylcarboxamides in one step. A variety of sulfonamides were found to react with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic data, including kinetic isotope effect experiments, suggest that the transformation proceeds through a concerted asynchronous nitrene insertion into an aldehydic hydrogen.
Guidelines for Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (JCS 2011) Published in 2012 (2013)

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Miniature PIFA without empty space for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications (2010)

A novel miniature planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) design without empty space is presented for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications. The antenna fabricated on an FR4 substrate has an overall size of only 10 (L)×3 (W)×3.5 (H) mm3 to be embedded inside the portable devices. By properly adding a shorting pin and etching a bent slot, the operating frequency of the antenna can be lowered more flexibly. Moreover, owing to no additional empty space, the circuit routing on the PCB is permitted underneath and around the antenna. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 160 MHz from 2.39 to 2.55 GHz. Good omnidirectional radiation pattern with appreciable gain across the band can be obtained so that the proposed antenna is suitable for Bluetooth and WLAN applications.
Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling and PKCα activate increased endothelial permeability by disassembly of VE—cadherin junctions (2001)

1. The role of intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in the mechanism of increased endothelial permeability was studied. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to thapsigargin or thrombin at concentrations that resulted in similar increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). The rise in [Ca(2+)](i) in both cases was due to release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and influx of extracellular Ca(2+). 2. Both agents decreased endothelial cell monolayer electrical resistance (a measure of endothelial cell shape change) and increased transendothelial (125)I-albumin permeability. Thapsigargin induced activation of PKCalpha and discontinuities in VE-cadherin junctions without formation of actin stress fibres. Thrombin also induced PKCalpha activation and similar alterations in VE-cadherin junctions, but in association with actin stress fibre formation. 3. Thapsigargin failed to promote phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC(20)), whereas thrombin induced MLC(20) phosphorylation consistent with formation of actin stress fibres. 4. Calphostin C pretreatment prevented the disruption of VE-cadherin junctions and the decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance caused by both agents. Thus, the increased [Ca(2+)](i) elicited by thapsigargin and thrombin may activate a calphostin C-sensitive PKC pathway that signals VE-cadherin junctional disassembly and increased endothelial permeability. 5. Results suggest a critical role for Ca(2+) signalling and activation of PKCalpha in mediating the disruption of VE-cadherin junctions, and thereby in the mechanism of increased endothelial permeability.
Alkaline phosphatase activity and localization during the murine hair cycle (1994)

For unknown reasons, the pilosebaceous unit displays prominent alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and alterations in AP activity are seen in alopecia areata. The role of AP in hair biology and pathology has been obscured by contradictory reports on the localization and activity of AP during the hair cycle, and by a paucity of instructive models for studying AP functions. Using the C57 BL-6 mouse model for hair research, we have characterized endogenous AP with a simple histochemical developing solution routinely employed for AP immunohistology. This method was selective for AP, and revealed distinctive hair cycle-dependent changes in AP activity and localization. Although the dermal papilla displays unusually strong AP activity during the entire hair cycle, the outer root sheath is AP-positive only during late anagen and early catagen. Strong, rather homogeneous AP activity is seen in the sebaceous gland (SG) only during catagen and telogen. This AP staining pattern indicates hair cycle-dependent changes in SG functions, and differs to some extent from the previously reported AP activity during the hair cycle of various species. We propose a simple and effective technique for follicle classification based on the AP histochemistry of dermal papilla and sebaceous gland, and discuss uses of the C57 BL-6 mouse model for functional AP studies.
Frame interline transfer CCD sensor for HDTV camera (2003)

The authors describe the development of a HDTV (high-definition television) CCD (charge-coupled device) imager meeting the requirements for a practical color TV camera implemented with three CCD chips. They present a frame interline transfer CCD image sensor (FIT CCD), with 1258(H)*1035(V) pixels, that uses a poly-Si/Al double-layer transfer gate and p/sup +/-floating-island isolation. The saturation current of the present FIT CCD is 900 nA up to 625 kHz, whereas that of the conventional FIT CCD is fairly poor even at 300 kHz. The high transfer speed results from reduction of gate resistance. The photoconversion characteristics measured at a transfer frequency of 625 kHz show that the sensitivity reaches 50 nA/lx. The measured characteristics of the image sensor meet practical HDTV three-chip camera requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 45nm 0.6V Cross-Point 8T SRAM with Negative Biased Read/Write Assist (2009)

We propose a new design solution for embedded SRAM macros with cross point 8T-SRAM for low operating voltage and power. A negative bias technique for VSS and bitline (BL) enables us to achieve not only low power and high access speed, but also the large cell stability and write ability. Using 45-nm CMOS technology, we fabricated the SRAM macro based on our proposal and confirmed that the 1Mbit-SRAM successfully operated at 0.6V. The active power is reduced by 66%, compared to the conventional 6T-SRAM.
Design of crossed-mirror array to form floating 3D LED signs (2012)

3D representation of digital signage improves its significance and rapid notification of important points. Our goal is to realize floating 3D LED signs. The problem is there is no sufficient device to form floating 3D images from LEDs. LED lamp size is around 1 cm including wiring and substrates. Such large pitch increases display size and sometimes spoils image quality. The purpose of this paper is to develop optical device to meet the three requirements and to demonstrate floating 3D arrays of LEDs. We analytically investigate image formation by a crossed mirror structure with aerial aperture, called CMA (crossed-mirror array). CMA contains dihedral corner reflectors at each aperture. After double reflection, light rays emitted from an LED will converge into the corresponding image point. We have fabricated CMA for 3D array of LEDs. One CMA unit contains 20 x 20 apertures that are located diagonally. Floating image of LEDs was formed in wide range of incident angle. The image size of focused beam agreed to the apparent aperture size. When LEDs were located three-dimensionally (LEDs in three depths), the focused distances were the same as the distance between the real LED and the CMA.
Automatic Modeling Methods for Univariate Series (1998)

Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn Cientìfica
Relationship between plasmid and chromosomal hemolysin determinants of Escherichia coli (1983)

Plasmid hemolysin (hly) determinants have been shown previously to comprise three cistrons (hlyA, hlyB, hlyC), coding for the synthesis and transport of hemolysin. Using recombinant plasmids as specific probes for these cistrons, we were able to analyze the chromosomal hly determinants of nine Escherichia coli strains which belonged to serotypes O4, O6, O18, and O75 and were isolated from urinary tract infections and fecal flora. The chromosomal hly genes shared extensive sequence homology with the cloned plasmid hly determinant. Nevertheless, small differences were observed, and these were found to lie mainly within cistron A (hlyA), which has been shown to determine the hemolysin protein itself. These fine variations were not specific for the O-serotype.
Single cell transcriptomic analysis of prostate cancer cells (2013)

A transcriptomic profile can be reliably obtained from a single cell using commercially available technology. As expected, fewer amplified genes are detected from a single-cell sample than from pooled-cell samples, however this method can be used to reliably obtain a transcriptomic profile from DTC isolated from the bone marrow of patients with PCa.