gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Dendrimers with Cylindrical Shape in Solution (1997)

Three approaches for the synthesis of dendrimers with poly(p-phenylene)-PPP derived cores are described. The respective limitations of these approaches are assessed in view of the goal of this research: to make available structurally perfect, high molecular weight polymers with a dense sequence of sterically demanding dendrons.
Tetrasubstituted Guanidinate Anions as Supporting Ligands in Organoyttrium Chemistry (2001)

Addition of N(SiMe3)2 anion equivalents to iPrNCNiPr followed by reaction with YCl3 generated the dimeric complex {[(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2]2Y(μ-Cl)}2 (2). Complex 2 has proven to be an excellent starting material for preparation of a series of hydrocarbyl and amido products, [(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2]2YCH(SiMe3)2 (3), [(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2]2YN(SiMe3)2 (4), [(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2]2Y(μ-Me)2Li[Me2NCH2CH2NMe2] (5), and [(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2]2YC(CH3)3 (6). Definitive evidence for the molecular structures of 2, 3, 5, and 6 is provided through single-crystal X-ray analyses, which are presented. These results provide the first reported examples of organoyttrium complexes supported by a guanidinate ligand.
Mobile Botnets Taxonomy and Challenges (2015)

The proliferation of mobile devices with increased capabilities and the widespread penetration of wireless networks have spurred a convergence of mobile and commodity computing systems. In this respect, botnets have also found their way to the mobile ecosystem, where they exploit characteristics of phones (e.g. linked to user accounts, repositories of private and sensitive information) to have a profound impact on operations and user privacy. We report here on an in-depth taxonomy of mobile botnet features, architectures and use cases in order to highlight their particularities and accordingly instigate systematic research efforts to alleviate related security concerns.
Physical and genetic mapping of the telomeric major histocompatibility complex region in man and relevance to the primary hemochromatosis gene (HFE) (1992)

We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) on genomic DNA from a radiation hybrid (RH) cell line and constructed a high-resolution physical map of the major histocompatibility complex class I region in 6p21.3, where the gene for primary hemochromatosis (HFE) is believed to be located. Due to the intact microsegment of hemizygous human genomic DNA preserved in the RH cell line, simplified and distinct restriction fragment banding patterns were generated. Using the RH cell line, we were able to extend the physical map of the HLA class I region to about 3000 kb, order the known HLA class I genes from centromere to telomere: HLA-B, -C, -E, (-A, -H, -G), and -F, and orient the HLA-F gene along the chromosome. The proximity of HLA-F to HLA-A was confirmed by linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis. This study shows that RH cell lines can be useful for constructing long-range physical maps in specific regions of the human genome with PFGE. Physical and genetic mapping studies of this region are consistent with a localization of the HFE gene proximal or distal to HLA-A.
The Ubiquitin Receptor DA1 Interacts with the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase DA2 to Regulate Seed and Organ Size in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2013)

Seed size in higher plants is determined by the coordinated growth of the embryo, endosperm, and maternal tissue. Several factors that act maternally to regulate seed size have been identified, such as auxin response factor2, apetala2, KLUH, and DA1, but the genetic and molecular mechanisms of these factors in seed size control are almost totally unknown. We previously demonstrated that the ubiquitin receptor DA1 acts synergistically with the E3 ubiquitin ligase enhancer1 OF DA1 (EOD1)/big brother to regulate the final size of seeds in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we describe another RING-type protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, encoded by DA2, which regulates seed size by restricting cell proliferation in the maternal integuments of developing seeds. The da2-1 mutant forms large seeds, while overexpression of DA2 decreases seed size of wild-type plants. Overexpression of rice (Oryza sativa) grain width and weight2, a homolog of DA2, restricts seed growth in Arabidopsis. Genetic analyses show that DA2 functions synergistically with DA1 to regulate seed size, but does so independently of EOD1. Further results reveal that DA2 interacts physically with DA1 in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our findings define the genetic and molecular mechanisms of three ubiquitin-related proteins DA1, DA2, and EOD1 in seed size control and indicate that they are promising targets for crop improvement.
A study of collocation criteria of GNSS COSMIC radio occultation and radiosonde comparisons (2009)

Monitoring and predicting meteorological conditions with a high accuracy and reliability is a difficult task due to the extremely dynamic nature of our weather systems. This is particularly challenging for the countries in the Southern Hemisphere such as Australia, with much lower number (and density) of weather observation stations compared to the countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Recently, a new atmospheric observation technique, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) for Meteorology, has emerged as an alternative technique for acquiring the Earth&#039;s atmospheric characteristics. Recent research has demonstrated the great potential of the new technique to meteorological applications, such as global climate monitoring and numerical weather prediction. Thousands of high-quality globally distributed vertical profiles of refractivity, temperature and water vapour have been obtained on daily basis using the recently launched COSMIC LEO satellites. It is anticipated that GNSS RO technique will play an important role in meteorological studies. Evaluation of the quality of the new data using independent sources of measurements (e.g. reference observations obtained by radiosonde) is of great importance and consequently the requirement for collocation of the two different datasets (GNSS RO data and Radiosonde data) is essential for reliable comparisons
General discussion (1947)

R. W. Hall, H. H. G. Jellinek, F. C. Frank, M. J. S. Dewar, C. H. Bamford, C. C. Price, G. Salomon, M. Magat, N. Grassie, H. W. Melville, M. G. Evans and J. H. Baxendale, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1947, 2, 396 DOI: 10.1039/DF9470200396
Degradation of the G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 by the Proteasome Pathway (1998)

GRK2 is a ubiquitous member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family and has been shown to play a key role in determining the desensitization and resensitization patterns of a variety of G protein-coupled receptors. In this report, we show that GRK2 is actively degraded by the proteasome proteolytic pathway, unveiling a new mechanism for the rapid regulation of its expression levels. Interestingly, activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2AR) markedly increases GRK2 ubiquitination and degradation through the proteasome pathway. In addition, blocking GRK2 degradation notably alters beta2AR signaling and internalization, consistent with a relevant physiological role for GRK2 proteasomal degradation. Activity-dependent modulation of GRK2 cellular levels emerges as an important mechanism for modulating the cellular response to agonists acting through G protein-coupled receptors.
Total Synthesis of the Antimitotic Bicyclic Peptide Celogentin C (2009)

An account of the total synthesis of celogentin C is presented. A right-to-left synthetic approach to this bicyclic octapeptide was unsuccessful due to an inability to elaborate derivatives of the right-hand ring. In the course of these efforts, it was discovered that the mild Braslau modification of the McFadyen-Stevens reaction offers a useful method of reducing recalcitrant esters to aldehydes. A left-to-right synthetic strategy was then examined. The unusual Leu-Trp side-chain cross-link present in the left-hand macrocycle was fashioned via a three-step sequence comprised of an intermolecular Knoevenagel condensation, a radical conjugate addition, and a SmI(2)-mediated nitro reduction. A subsequent macrolactamization provided the desired ring system. The high yield and concise nature of the left-hand ring synthesis offset the modest diastereoselectivity of the radical conjugate addition. Formation of the Trp-His side-chain linkage characteristic of the right-hand ring was then accomplished by means of an indole-imidazole oxidative coupling. Notably, Pro-OBn was required as an additive in this reaction. Detailed mechanistic investigations indicated that Pro-OBn moderates the concentration of NCS in the reaction mixture, thereby minimizing the production of an undesired dichlorinated byproduct. The natural product was obtained after macrolactamization and deprotection. The chemical shifts of the imidazole hydrogen atoms exhibited significant dependence on temperature, concentration, and pH. Antitumor screening indicated that celogentin C inhibits the growth of some cancer cell lines.
Targeted Genome Editing of Sweet Orange Using Cas9/sgRNA (2014)

Genetic modification, including plant breeding, has been widely used to improve crop yield and quality, as well as to increase disease resistance. Targeted genome engineering is expected to contribute significantly to future varietal improvement, and genome editing technologies using zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9/single guide RNA (sgRNA) have already been successfully used to genetically modify plants. However, to date, there has been no reported use of any of the current genome editing approaches in sweet orange, an important fruit crop. In this study, we first developed a novel tool, Xcc-facilitated agroinfiltration, for enhancing transient protein expression in sweet orange leaves. We then successfully employed Xcc-facilitated agroinfiltration to deliver Cas9, along with a synthetic sgRNA targeting the CsPDS gene, into sweet orange. DNA sequencing confirmed that the CsPDS gene was mutated at the target site in treated sweet orange leaves. The mutation rate using the Cas9/sgRNA system was approximately 3.2 to 3.9%. Off-target mutagenesis was not detected for CsPDS-related DNA sequences in our study. This is the first report of targeted genome modification in citrus using the Cas9/sgRNA system-a system that holds significant promise for the study of citrus gene function and for targeted genetic modification.
Non-linear regularized phase retrieval for unidirectional X-ray differential phase contrast radiography (2011)

Phase retrieval from unidirectional radiographic differential phase contrast images requires integration of noisy data. A method is presented, which aims to suppress stripe artifacts arising from direct image integration. It is purely algorithmic and therefore, compared to alternative approaches, neither additional alignment nor an increased scan time is required. We report on the theory of this method and present results using numerical as well as experimental data. The method shows significant improvements on the phase retrieval accuracy and enhances contrast in the phase image. Due to its general applicability, the proposed method provides a valuable tool for various 2D imaging applications using differential data.
Ironies of Intervention (1983)

I have detected in our deliberations this afternoon two ironies. The first is this: the dissentient receive more protection as enemies than as citizens. As we have heard today, there is greater opportunity for the assimilation of humanitarian law if the sides engaged in internal conflict are regarded as combatants and not as fellow citizens. With the application of the law of armed conflict comes the prospect that the opponents may observe some degree of mutual respect. Such dignity as the law accords thus becomes a function of formalized hostility rather than of civil affection, of open distrust rather than assumed trust. It is an odd lesson for law to teach--better enemy than friend. The second irony emerging from this afternoon's session is this: the opening to the civilizing influence of humanitarian law is also an opening to the uncivil involvement of other states. When internal struggles become the combat of enemies, they invite the assimilation of international humanitarian law of armed conflict. But then they also, at the same time, justify the intervention of states. With the intervention of other states comes the transformation and escalation of hostilities. Exactly opposing tendencies depend upon the same occasion of externalizing internal conflict.
The Synthesis of Hadacidin: Sodium Cyanoborohydride Reduction of α-Oximinoic Acids (1982)

Abstract The natural product Hadacidin (N-formyl-N-hydroxy-glycine) has been isolated from various fungi and was found to inhibit the growth of bacteria, tumor cells, and plant and animal tissue1. Specifically, the drug has been shown to be an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthetase, consequently blocking purine synthesis de novo as well as purine salvage via either the purine nucleoside cycle or hypoxanthine salvage. Due to this inhibitory activity hadacidin was studied as a chemotherapeutic agent; however, it was found to be only weakly active against various carcinomas2 and therefore has not been made commercially available. There is a current resurgence of interest in the drug due to its ability to affect the growth and development of various organs and organisms in a very specific manner3. This communication presents a simple and rapid synthetic route to the naturally occurring antibiotic, that may find general applicability in the synthesis of a variety of N-hydroxylated amino acid compounds which are important cell metabolites, often imp1icated in carci nogenesis.
G<scp>lucan-binding</scp> P<scp>roteins of the</scp> O<scp>ral</scp> S<scp>treptococci</scp> (2003)

The synthesis of extracellular glucan is an integral component of the sucrose-dependent colonization of tooth surfaces by species of the mutans streptococci. In investigators' attempts to understand the mechanisms of plaque biofilm development, several glucan-binding proteins (GBPs) have been discovered. Some of these, the glucosyltransferases, catalyze the synthesis of glucan, whereas others, designated only as glucan-binding proteins, have affinities for different forms of glucan and contribute to aspects of the biology of their host organisms. The functions of these latter glucan-binding proteins include dextran-dependent aggregation, dextranase inhibition, plaque cohesion, and perhaps cell wall synthesis. In some instances, their glucan-binding domains share common features, whereas in others the mechanism for glucan binding remains unknown. Recent studies indicate that at least some of the glucan-binding proteins modulate virulence and some can act as protective immunogens within animal models. Overall, the multiplicity of GBPs and their aforementioned properties are testimonies to their importance. Future studies will greatly advance the understanding of the distribution, function, and regulation of the GBPs and place into perspective the facets of their contributions to the biology of the oral streptococci.
Seven Hours to Adequate Antimicrobial Therapy in Urosepsis Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry (2013)

Urosepsis can progress toward severe sepsis, septic shock, and, ultimately, death. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing is crucial to decrease mortality and morbidity. This report shows that isothermal microcalorimetry can provide an antibiogram within 7 h with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 91% using Vitek-2 system as a reference.
Reducing the EMI Susceptibility of a Kuijk Bandgap (2008)

In this paper, the susceptibility of a Kuijk bandgap voltage reference to electromagnetic interferences (EMIs) superimposed to the power supply is investigated. A model of the bandgap circuit is derived from experimental tests consisting of scattering parameters and susceptibility measurements on a test chip. The model is able to correctly predict the susceptibility of the circuit by means of SPICE transient simulations. The simulations identify the fundamental stray components responsible for EMI coupling that are usually not taken into account in postlayout analyses. From the EMI point of view, the rectification phenomenon of bipolar transistors, used in the bandgap cell, and the operational amplifier (op-amp) input distortion are shown to cause the voltage reference performance degradation. In particular, for the first time, the importance of the bandgap cell is pointed out, suggesting that the measures to reduce the susceptibility of the op-amp may not be sufficient to guarantee the bandgap immunity. Moreover, the analyses of main parasitic paths (from the power supply net to the more sensitive nodes) demonstrate the relevance of paths that are not commonly considered during the design phase and that may lead to an immunity degradation. Possible solutions to reduce the bandgap susceptibility are also explored, suggesting design criteria, filtering techniques, and layout variations. A second test chip is designed and manufactured to validate the suggested improvements and verify the critical role of the bandgap cell. Finally, a simplified theoretical analysis, which allows a fast bandgap susceptibility evaluation, is presented. This tool is used to point out the importance of the rectification phenomenon compared to the op-amp differential pair distortion.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomes recognize non-AUG initiation codons. (1984)

A series of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmids and mutant derivatives containing fusions of the Escherichia coli galactokinase gene, galK, to the yeast iso-1-cytochrome c CYC1 transcription unit were used to study the sequences affecting the initiation of translation in S. cerevisiae. When the CYC1 AUG initiation codon preceded the galK AUG codon and coding sequence and either the two AUGs were out of frame with each other or a nonsense codon was located between them, the expression of the galK gene was extremely low. Deletion of the CYC1 AUG and its surrounding sequences resulted in a 100-fold increase in galK expression. This dependence of galK expression on the elimination of the CYC1 AUG codon was used to select mutations in that codon. Then the ability of these altered initiation codons to serve in translational initiation was determined by reconstruction of the CYC1 gene 3' to and in frame with them. Initiation was found to occur at the codons UUG and AUA, but not at the codons AAA and AUC. Furthermore the codon UUG, when preceded by an A three nucleotides upstream, served as a better initiation codon than when a U was substituted for the A. The efficiency of translation from these non-AUG codons was quantitated by using a CYC1/galK protein-coding fusion and measuring cellular galactokinase levels. Initiation at the UUG codon was 6.9% as efficient as initiation at the wild-type AUG codon when preceded by an A three nucleotides upstream, but was over 10-fold less efficient when a U was substituted for that A. Initiation at AUA was 0.5% as efficient as at AUG. The effects of the sequences preceding the initiation codon are discussed in light of these results.
Progress in Architectural Acoustics and Artificial Reverberation: Concert Hall Acoustics and Number Theory (1984)

On passe en revue les mesures aocustiques dans le «Philharmonic Hall». On decrit les essais sur 22 salles de concert ainsi que plusieurs methodes pour diffuser le son. Ces methodes sont basees sur la theorie des nombres
Virtual reproduction of spherical multichannel sound over 5.1 speaker system (2012)

A virtual sound rendering is proposed that allows conventional 5.1 speaker system to reproduce spherical sound including vertical direction. The proposed algorithm is based on vector based amplitude panning (VBAP) and uses a perceptual model of human. The virtual spherical sound was compared with 5.1 sound and demonstrated significantly enhanced spatiality.
Analysis of Material Nonlinear Problems Using Pseudo-Elastic Finite Element Method (2000)

A method based on linear elastic finite element analysis is presented for stress field determination of elasto-plastic problems. Hencky’s total deformation theory is used to define effective material parameters, which are treated as spatial field variables and considered to be functions of final state of equilibrium stress and material properties. These effective material parameters are obtained in an iterative manner using strain-controlled projection method, arc-length method, and Neuber rule applied on experimental uniaxial tension test curve. Three problems of von Mises material are considered to illustrate the application of the proposed method: a thick-walled cylinder subjected to internal pressure characterized by general work-hardening behavior, a V-notch specimen subjected to remote tensile load having elastic-perfectly plastic behavior, and a rotating disk with material having elastic linear work-hardening behavior. Obtained results for all the cases are compared with standard nonlinear finite element results and are found to be in good agreement. [S0094-9930(00)00104-9]
Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex Is Monomeric and Stabilizes Actin Filaments in Vitro through a Lateral Association (1997)

The native molecular weight of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and its effect on actin depolymerization and polymerization were examined. First, we determined that the native molecular weight of purified dystrophin-glycoprotein complex is only large enough (Mr 1,200,000) to contain one copy of each protein in the complex, including dystrophin. Using different approaches, we also demonstrated that dystrophin-glycoprotein complex significantly protected a fraction of actin filaments from disassembly, while individual recombinant actin binding fragments of dystrophin or calpain-digested dystrophin-glycoprotein complex had no effect on F-actin depolymerization. The protective effect of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex on F-actin depolymerization saturated at a dystrophin:actin molar ratio of 0.04, corresponding to 1 dystrophin/25 actin monomers, which is highly consistent with the 1:24 stoichiometry of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex binding to F-actin previously measured at equilibrium. However, dystrophin-glycoprotein complex did not bind G-actin or alter the kinetics or extent of actin polymerization. This excluded the possibility that dystrophin-glycoprotein complex inhibited actin depolymerization by capping the ends of actin filaments. It therefore appears that actin binding domains separated on the dystrophin molecule from each other by almost 1,200 amino acids act in concert to protect F-actin from depolymerization. Our data suggest that dystrophin stabilizes F-actin in vitro by binding alongside an actin filament and bridging actin monomers in a manner analogous to the actin side binding protein tropomyosin. It is noteworthy that we did not find any effect of skeletal muscle tropomyosin on dystrophin-glycoprotein complex binding to F-actin. This indicates that dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and tropomyosin may simultaneously bind the same actin filament and identifies another feature that distinguishes dystrophin from the other proteins in the actin-cross-linking superfamily.
Eyelid Reanimation for the Treatment of Paralytic Lagophthalmos (1992)

Gold weight implants have been used for over 30 years in the setting of eyelid rehabilitation following facial nerve paralysis; however, there has been a renewed interest by ophthalmologists in this reanimation technique in recent years. This article reviews the history of gold weight eyelid implantation and presents the results of gold weight eyelid implantation over a 15-month period in 23 patients. A 92% success rate was obtained (average follow-up, 12 months). Surgical technique and indications are discussed along with postoperative complications.