gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polydiacetylenes : synthesis, structure and electronic properties (1985)

Diacetylene Polymerization Kinetics.- Solid State Photopolymerization of Diacetylenes.- Photopolymerization Reaction Intermediates in Diacetylene Crystals.- Structural Study of the Topochemical Polymerization of Two Diacetylenes.- Microstructures and Polymer Chain Length in Diacetylene Single Crystals.- X-Ray Topographic Studies of the Solid-State Polymerization of PTS[2,4-Hexadiyne Diol Bis(p-Toluene Sulphonate)].- Electronic Structure of Conjugated Polymers.- Theoretical Exciton and Polariton Spectra of Polydiacetylenes.- Ab Initio Studies on Polyynes and Polydiacetylenes: Structure and Harmonic Force Field.- Structural Dependence of the Longitudinal Electric Polarizability of Finite Polyene Chains: An ab Initio Study.- Electrical Transport and Doping of Polydiacetylenes.- The Ultra High Electron Mobility on Polydiacetylene Chains: The Theory.- Electron Motion in Polydiacetylene: The Facts.- Electric Field Dependence of Diffusion and Trapping in Polydiacetylene.- The Study of Electronic Excitations of Polydiacetylenes by Optical and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy.- Electric-Field Sensitive Defect States in Fully and Partially Polymerized PTS.- Spectroscopic Studies of a Diacetylenic Surfactant.- Optical Properties of Polyacetylene.- Spectroscopy and Kinetics of a Planar-Nonplanar Conformational Transition in Polydiacetylene Solutions.- Polydiacetylene Macromolecules in Solution: Rods, Coils and Gels.- 1,4-Diphenylbutenyne: A Model Compound for Polydiacetylenes (PDA).- Toward Polydiacetylenes as Utile Optical and Electronic Elements.- Electric Field Induced Optical Second Harmonic Generation and Polarization Effects in Polydiacetylene Films.- Third Harmonic Generation and Two Photon Absorption in a Polydiacetylene Solution.- Mechanical and Structural Properties of Polydiacetylenes.- Polymerized Diacetylene Monomers in Monolayer and Multilayer Films, Characterization and Possible Applications.- Diacetylenic Phospholipid Polymers.- Homoepitaxy and in-Plane Anisotropy in Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Working Group Reports.
Monoclonal antibody to the thrombin receptor stimulates DNA synthesis in combination with gamma-thrombin or phorbol myristate acetate. (1987)

Studies with various thrombin derivatives have shown that initiation of cell proliferation by thrombin requires two separate types of signals: one, generated by high affinity interaction of thrombin or DIP-thrombin (alpha-thrombin inactivated at ser 205 of the B chain by diisopropylphosphofluoridate) with receptors and the other, by thrombin's enzymic activity. To further study the role of high affinity thrombin receptors in initiation, we immunized mice with whole human fibroblasts and selected antibodies that blocked the binding of 125I-thrombin to high affinity receptors on hamster fibroblasts. One of these antibodies, TR-9, inhibits from 80 to 100% of 125I-thrombin binding, exhibits an immunofluorescent pattern indistinguishable from that of thrombin bound to receptors on these cells, and selectively binds solubilized thrombin receptors. By itself, TR-9 did not initiate DNA synthesis nor did it block thrombin initiation, but TR-9 addition to cells in the presence of alpha-thrombin, gamma-thrombin (0.5 microgram/ml), or PMA stimulated thymidine incorporation up to threefold over controls. In all cases, maximal stimulation was observed at concentrations of TR-9, ranging from 1 to 4 nM corresponding to concentrations required to inhibit from 30 to 100% of 125I-thrombin binding. These results demonstrate that the binding of the monoclonal antibody to the alpha-thrombin receptor can mimic the effects of thrombin's high affinity interaction with this receptor in stimulating cell proliferation.
Cannabinoid action induces autophagy-mediated cell death through stimulation of ER stress in human glioma cells (2009)

Autophagy can promote cell survival or cell death, but the molecular basis underlying its dual role in cancer remains obscure. Here we demonstrate that delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component of marijuana, induces human glioma cell death through stimulation of autophagy. Our data indicate that THC induced ceramide accumulation and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) phosphorylation and thereby activated an ER stress response that promoted autophagy via tribbles homolog 3-dependent (TRB3-dependent) inhibition of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) axis. We also showed that autophagy is upstream of apoptosis in cannabinoid-induced human and mouse cancer cell death and that activation of this pathway was necessary for the antitumor action of cannabinoids in vivo. These findings describe a mechanism by which THC can promote the autophagic death of human and mouse cancer cells and provide evidence that cannabinoid administration may be an effective therapeutic strategy for targeting human cancers.
The motion in emotion &#x2014; A CERT based approach to the FERA emotion challenge (2011)

This paper assesses the performance of measures of facial expression dynamics derived from the Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox (CERT) for classifying emotions in the Facial Expression Recognition and Analysis (FERA) Challenge. The CERT system automatically estimates facial action intensity and head position using learned appearance-based models on single frames of video. CERT outputs were used to derive a representation of the intensity and motion in each video, consisting of the extremes of displacement, velocity and acceleration. Using this representation, emotion detectors were trained on the FERA training examples. Experiments on the released portion of the FERA dataset are presented, as well as results on the blind test. No consideration of subject identity was taken into account in the blind test. The F1 scores were well above the baseline criterion for success.
Characterizing and understanding radiation budget biases in CMIP3/CMIP5 GCMs, contemporary GCM, and reanalysis (2013)

Abstract We evaluate the annual mean radiative shortwave flux downward at the surface (RSDS) and reflected shortwave (RSUT) and radiative longwave flux upward at top of atmosphere (RLUT) from the twentieth century Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Phase 3 (CMIP3) simulations as well as from the NASA GEOS5 model and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications analysis. The results show that a majority of the models have significant regional biases in the annual means of RSDS, RLUT, and RSUT, with biases from −30 to 30 W m −2 . While the global average CMIP5 ensemble mean biases of RSDS, RLUT, and RSUT are reduced compared to CMIP3 by about 32% (e.g., −6.9 to 2.5 W m −2 ), 43%, and 56%, respectively. This reduction arises from a more complete cancellation of the pervasive negative biases over ocean and newly larger positive biases over land. In fact, based on these biases in the annual mean, Taylor diagram metrics, and RMSE, there is virtually no progress in the simulation fidelity of RSDS, RLUT, and RSUT fluxes from CMIP3 to CMIP5. A persistent systematic bias in CMIP3 and CMIP5 is the underestimation of RSUT and overestimation of RSDS and RLUT in the convectively active regions of the tropics. The amount of total ice and liquid atmospheric water content in these areas is also underestimated. We hypothesize that at least a part of these persistent biases stem from the common global climate model practice of ignoring the effects of precipitating and/or convective core ice and liquid in their radiation calculations.
Digestibility of fractionated green biomass as protein source for monogastric animals (2019)

Globally, there is an increased demand for sustainable protein sources for animal feed. Grass and forage legumes have the yield potential to become such alternatives, but the protein needs to be separated from the fibres. Red clover, white clover, lucerne and perennial ryegrass were fractionated into a green juice and a fibrous pulp in a screw-press and protein was subsequently precipitated. The nitrogen (N) and amino acid composition of the produced fractions was analysed and the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and N was evaluated using a rat digestibility trial. The aim was to determine the effect of fractionation on composition and digestibility in order to evaluate the four plants as potential protein sources for monogastrics. Protein concentrates with CP concentrations of 240 to 388 g/kg DM and fibrous pulps with CP concentrations of 111 to 216 g/kg DM were produced. The sum of all analysed amino acids was highest in the protein concentrates corresponding to a low concentration of non-protein nitrogen ranging from 4.9% to 10.4%. Only small variations were seen in the amino acid compositions of the different plants and fractions. The concentration of the essential lysine and methionine in the protein concentrate ranged from 6.27 to 6.67 g/16 g N and 1.54 to 2.09 g/16 g N for lysine and methionine, respectively. For all plants species, total tract digestibility of DM and standardised N digestibility was significantly higher in the protein concentrates (60.8% to 76.5% and 75.4% to 85.0% for DM and N, respectively) compared to pulp (21.2% to 43.4% and 52.1% to 72.5% for DM and N, respectively). Digestibility of lucerne protein concentrate (76.5% and 85.0% for DM and N, respectively) was higher than of the unprocessed plant (39.6% and 74.9% for DM and N, respectively), whereas for red and white clover no difference was found. The amino acids methionine and cysteine were limiting for pigs and broilers in all fractions regardless of plant origin, and low scores were also found for lysine. The study demonstrated great potential of using green plants as a protein source for monogastrics because of high protein content, balanced amino acid composition and high digestibility of DM and N. The effects of processing and protein precipitation were pronounced in lucerne where significantly improved digestibility was observed in the protein concentrate. The results from the study provide valuable and enhanced knowledge to the production of alternative and sustainable protein sources for monogastric feed.
Shostakovich's Second Symphony (1970)

The appearance of Shostakovich's Second Symphony on a gramophone record some time ago, and its public performance at a BBC symphony concert in London last October, marked its emergence from a period of over forty years of almost total neglect. Bearing the subtitle ‘To October: A symphonic Dedication’, it was composed in 1927 (two years after the highly successful First Symphony, which had established the composer's international reputation) in response to a commission from the State for a work to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the 1917 October Revolution. But while the score bears as its heading words from the Communist Manifesto, ‘Workers (Proletarians) of the World, Unite’, and the composer's avowed intention is ‘proletarian’, the musical idiom is often far removed from this. The symphony was given its first performance in Leningrad on the 6 November 1927, and as Dmitri Rabinovich, Shostakovich's Russian biographer, says in his book, “got a fairly good press but after a few performances disappeared from the repertoire”.
Defective Signaling Through Akt-2 and -3 But Not Akt-1 in Insulin-Resistant Human Skeletal Muscle (2003)

Recent evidence has shown that activation of phosphatidyinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, necessary for insulin stimulation of glucose transport, is impaired in insulin resistance. It is unknown, however, which Akt isoform shows impaired activation in insulin resistance. Additionally, related growth factors (epidermal or platelet-derived vascular) also stimulate PI3K, but it is unknown whether production of 3,4,5 phosphatidyinositol is sufficient to stimulate glucose transport in insulin-resistant muscle. Moreover, these studies were performed in rodents, and little data exists from humans. Hence, we investigated the stimulation of PI3K and Akt-1, -2, and -3 by insulin and epidermal growth factors (EGFs) in skeletal muscles from lean and obese insulin-resistant humans. Insulin activated all Akt isoforms in lean muscles, whereas only Akt-1 was activated in obese muscles. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 was associated with PI3K activity, which is necessary for Akt activation by insulin, and was reduced in obese muscles, and this was accompanied by decreased IRS-1 expression. In contrast, insulin- or EGF-stimulated phosphotyrosine-associated PI3K activity was not different between lean and obese muscles. These results show that a defect in the ability of insulin to activate Akt-2 and -3 may explain the impaired insulin-stimulated glucose transport in insulin resistance. Additionally, these data also show that different upstream or downstream signals may regulate the activity of the various Akt isoforms.
Atlas‐based estimation of lung and lobar anatomy in proton MRI (2015)

An annotated atlas library approach can be used to provide good lung and lobe estimation in proton MRI. The proposed framework is useful for subsequent anatomically based analysis of structural and/or functional pulmonary image data. Magn Reson Med 76:315-320, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Constrained Batch-to-Batch Optimal Control for Batch Process Based on Support Vector Regression Model with Batchwise Error Feedback (2011)

A batch-to-batch optimal control method is presented for batch processes under input and output constraints with batch wise error feedback. Generally it is very difficult to acquire an accurate mechanistic model for a batch process. Because support vector machine is powerful for the problems characterized by small samples, nonLinearity, high dimension and local minima, support vector regression model is developed for end-point optimal control of batch process. Because there exist model error and disturbances, an iterative (batch-to-batch) method is used to exploit the repetitive nature of batch processes to determine the optimal operating poLicy. To ensure the safe, smooth operations of batch process, certain constraints are taken into considered. Furthermore, batch wise error feedback is incorporated into the computation of the optimal operating poLicy to guarantee the convergence of the batch-to-batch optimal control. Numerical simulation shows that the method can improve the process performance through batch to batch under constraints.
DEGRADATIVE STUDIES ON STREPTOMYCIN (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDEGRADATIVE STUDIES ON STREPTOMYCINR. U. Lemieux, W. J. Polglase, C. W. DeWalt, and M. L. WolfromCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 12, 2747–2748Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01216a531https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01216a531research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrodeposition of Carbon-Metal Powders in Alkali Carbonate Melts (2014)

In the frame of the preparation of carbonaceous materials that could serve for instance as anodic components in lithium batteries, an original way has been proposed based on the electroreduction of carbonate ions in ternary molten Li-Na-K carbonates. The TEM and XRD analyses show that the powders produced at the cathode are made of carbon nanoparticles composed of both amorphous and graphitized domains. The characteristic properties of the product depend on the operating conditions: voltage, melt temperature and annealing temperature. BET investigations show that the active surface area of the powders obtained at high voltage (6 V) and low melt temperature (450°C) grows to a value of up to 1300 m2 g−1. An improvement of the anodic material in lithium batteries can be obtained by introducing in the carbon powder suitable metals such as tin. The production of such mixtures can be realized directly, in one single operation, by electroreduction of metal ions dissolved in the alkali carbonate melt. The mechanism of metal deposition is briefly studied by cyclic voltammetry. Composite powders are electrodeposited at constant potential. TEM and EDX investigations show that they are made of an intimate mixture of carbon and metal grains at the nanometric scale, the metallic grains size ranging from 5 to 20 nm.
A Phase 1 study of UCN-01 in combination with irinotecan in patients with resistant solid tumor malignancies (2010)

UCN-01 and irinotecan demonstrated acceptable toxicity and target inhibition. Anti-tumor activity was observed and a study of this combination in women with TNBC is underway.
RFID Technology, Security Vulnerabilities, and Countermeasures (2009)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a means of automatic identification that uses radio waves to detect, track, identify, and thus manage a variety of objects. The purpose of an RFID system is transmitting data from a portable device, called a tag, to an RFID reader to execute a particular application based on the tag provided identification or location information RFID technology has been around for about 60 years and was originally developed for improving warfare technologies. The first application was developed by Britain as the Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) system, which was used to distinguish friendly aircraft from enemy aircraft during World War II The second era of RFID technology began with the commercial activities in the 1960s. An early application was the development of electronic article surveillance (EAS) equipment to counter theft in retail stores. EAS as an early forerunner to RFID uses a '1-bit' signal to represent the presence or absence of a tag The third era of RFID technology started in 1999, when the Auto-ID Centre was established at MIT to investigate new ways for improving bar code technology and implementing RFID technology in various commercial applications. The 1990's were a significant decade for RFID because of increased commercialization of RFID systems and the standardization activities on RFID technologies. Electronic toll collection systems were widely deployed in the United States; RFID tags were affixed to over 3 million rail cars in North America; and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed several standards in the RFID field, including, for example, the ISO 18000 series of standards that define the air interfaces, collision detection mechanisms, and communication protocols for different frequency bands In the 21 st century, with the development of RFID standards, decreasing prices, and mandates from large organizations such as Wal-Mart and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), RFID has become "the first important technology of the twenty-first century" An RFID system has three key components: the tag, the reader, and the backend system. RFID tags, also known as transponders, are identification devices that are attached to objects. Each tag typically consists of an antenna constructed from a small coil of wires; a microchip used to store information electronically about the object (e.g. a vehicle or a container); and encapsulating material to enclose the chip and the coil. Like there are various types of barcode, RFID tags are available with different memory sizes and encoding Open Access Database www.intechweb.org
Expression of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Gene Is Inhibited by SOX9 in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells (2005)

The human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is overexpressed in many types of human cancers and is commonly used as a clinical marker. In colon cancer, this overexpression protects cells against apoptosis and contributes to carcinogenesis. Therefore, CEA-expressing cells as well as CEA expression itself constitute potential therapeutic targets. In this report, we show that the transcription factor SOX9 down-regulates CEA gene expression and, as a probable consequence, induces apoptosis in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29Cl.16E.
How to Define an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm — Influence on Epidemiology and Clinical Practice (2008)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the abdominal aorta. There is, however, no general agreement on how to define an AAA. The lack of a uniform definition may have consequences on epidemiology and clinical practice. Several proposed definitions of an AAA exist, all based on the diameter of the abdominal aorta. Age, gender, and body size are all associated with the aortic diameter, and may therefore also be of importance when evaluating the aortic diameter. The precision of the measurement and the awareness of imaging shortcomings are also important. In order to demonstrate a true widening of the aorta the relation to adjacent aortic segments must be assessed. To demonstrate an expansion of a potential aneurysm, a follow-up period with repeated assessments is required. Thus, a fixed diameter does not serve as a proper definition of an aneurysm, but rather as a cut-off level for further assessment and/or follow-up.
Very late antigen 4-dependent adhesion and costimulation of resting human T cells by the bacterial beta 1 integrin ligand invasin. (1993)

Bacteria and viruses often use the normal biological properties of host adhesion molecules to infect relevant host cells. The outer membrane bacterial protein invasin mediates the attachment of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to human cells. In vitro studies have shown that four members of the very late antigen (VLA) integrin family of adhesion molecules, VLA-3, VLA-4, VLA-5, and VLA-6, can bind to invasin. Since CD4+ T cells express and use these integrins, we have investigated the interaction of CD4+ T cells with purified invasin. Although VLA integrin-mediated adhesion of T cells to other ligands such as fibronectin does not occur at high levels unless the T cells are activated, resting T cells bind strongly to purified invasin. The binding of resting T cells to invasin requires metabolic activity and an intact cytoskeleton. Although CD4+ T cells express VLA-3, VLA-4, VLA-5, and VLA-6, monoclonal antibody (mAb) blocking studies implicate only VLA-4 as a T cell invasin receptor. Like other integrin ligands, invasin can facilitate T cell proliferative responses induced by a CD3-specific mAb. These results suggest that the nature of the integrin ligand is a critical additional factor that regulates T cell integrin activity, and that direct interactions of T cells with bacterial pathogens such as Yersinia may be relevant to host immune responses to bacterial infection.