gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cachectin: A Hormone that Triggers Acute Shock and Chronic Cachexia (1988)

Septic shock and invasive infection are diseases caused by humoral mediators of both exogenous and endogenous origin. The search for and identification of these factors has led to the discovery and molecular cloning of cachectin. This pyrogenic cytokine is identical to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and, when released into the circulation, causes profound shock and multiple organ injury. Cachectin antibodies protect against the lethal effects of mice given endotoxin and baboons given E. coli, a result suggesting that this mediator is both necessary and sufficient to provoke septic shock. Cachectin is produced in humans after endotoxin infusion; the infusion of small doses of TNF is associated with fever, rigors, headache, and hypotension. Septicemic patients also produce cachectin, and during meningococcal infection, patients with the highest serum levels of cachectin die. Chronic cachectin production causes a potentially lethal syndrome of cachexia, anemia, and protein and lipid wasting. Future investigation is being directed toward the development of cachectin antibodies for use in treating the humorally mediated systemic complications of infectious disease.
Keyphrase Extraction Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks on Twitter (2016)

Keyphrases can provide highly condensed and valuable information that allows users to quickly acquire the main ideas.The task of automatically extracting them have received considerable attention in recent decades.Different from previous studies, which are usually focused on automatically extracting keyphrases from documents or articles, in this study, we considered the problem of automatically extracting keyphrases from tweets.Because of the length limitations of Twitter-like sites, the performances of existing methods usually drop sharply.We proposed a novel deep recurrent neural network (RNN) model to combine keywords and context information to perform this problem.To evaluate the proposed method, we also constructed a large-scale dataset collected from Twitter.The experimental results showed that the proposed method performs significantly better than previous methods.
Corneal topography using moiré contour fringes (1979)

Moiré contour fringes were generated on the human corneal surface, following the instillation of a fluorescein solution onto the eye. The depth interval between the two adjacent moiré fringes was made to be 0.148 mm at all fringe orders by using a telecentric optical system. The meridional sections of normal and abnormal corneas were quantitatively profiled with an accuracy of about 0.005 mm. It was concluded that this corneal topography was advantageous, especially in determining the configuration of abnormal corneas, such as conical corneas and those that occur just after cataract extraction or corneal transplantation.
3,3-Diphenyl-5-methylpyrrolidone-2<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3,3-Diphenyl-5-methylpyrrolidone-21PAUL N. CRAIG and ELLIS S. RUMP Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 5, 510–511Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01356a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01356a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shady paths (2013)

The web is one of the most popular vectors to spread malware. Attackers lure victims to visit compromised web pages or entice them to click on malicious links. These victims are redirected to sites that exploit their browsers or trick them into installing malicious software using social engineering.
Biochemical aspects of a whey fraction capable of promoting hybridoma proliferation. Comparison with fetal calf serum (1990)

Human and bovine milks were used as serum substitute for cell cultures. Two whey fractions termed LBS65 and LELm prepared by different steps were routinely used for culturing hybridomas in our laboratory. They stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation into hybridoma, but a minimum of 1% of fetal calf serum (FCS) was required when the cells were propagated in the long-term. ln this investigation, the chemical composition of LBS65 and LELm was studied in parallel to FCS composition. LBS65 and FCS had a total protein level of about 40 g/l, while LELm contained them at a concentration of 11 g/l. The amino acid content of FCS and LBS65 was very similar (about 4 000 urnol/l), whereas it was lower in LELm (about 300 umorl). Although the values of nitrogen cornpounds were different in LBS65 and LELm, these 2 whey fractions behaved similarly to a substitute of FCS. Whey fractions were low in sodium, and high in calcium compared to FCS. The cholesterol level was lower and triglycerides were higher in whey than in FCS. The ratio of unsaturated! saturated fatty acids varied from 1 whey fraction to another. It differed from the FCS ratio. FCS and whey fractions contained small amounts of steroid or peptide hormones. However, progesterone, 17-0H-progesterone, ACTH and cAMP concentrations were higher in the whey fraction than in FCS. Whey fractions are a complex medium containing various compounds able to promote cell growth. However, sorne unknown compounds present in FCS and absent in milk fractions are required in long-term cell culturing. bovine milk 1 whey 1 whey hormone 1 whey amino acid Rsum -Composants biochimiques du lactosrum pouvant induire la prolifration cellulaire d'hybridomes. Comparaison avec le srum de veau foetal. Les laits humains ou bovins ont t utiliss comme substitut du srum dans les cultures cellulaires. Deux fractions de lactosrum, appeles LBS65 et LELm, prpares de faon diffrente, sont couramment utilises au Laboratoire pour la culture d'hybridomes. Ils stimulent /'incorporation de 3H-thymidine dans des hybridomes, mais si les cultures doivent tre faites long terme, 0,5 ou 1% de srum de veau foetal (FCS) reste indispensable. Dans ce travail, est tudie la composition chimique de LBS65 et LELm paralllement celle du srum de veau foetal. LBS65 et FCS ont une concentration en protines totales voisine (environ 40 gl/), alors que LELm n'en contient que 11 g/I. De mme, les acides amins sont au mme taux (environ 4 OOO/lmol/l) dans FCS et LBS65 et des taux faibles dans le LELm (environ
A comprehensive comparison study of document clustering for a biomedical digital library MEDLINE (2006)

Document clustering has been used for better document retrieval, document browsing, and text mining in digital library. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive comparison study of various document clustering approaches such as three hierarchical methods (single-link, complete-link, and complete link), Bisecting K-means, K-means, and Suffix Tree Clustering in terms of the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the scalability. In addition, we apply a domain ontology to document clustering to investigate if the ontology such as MeSH improves clustering qualify for MEDLINE articles. Because an ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization for a domain of interest, the use of ontologies is a natural way to solve traditional information retrieval problems such as synonym/hypernym/ hyponym problems. We conducted fairly extensive experiments based on different evaluation metrics such as misclassification index, F-measure, cluster purity, and Entropy on very large article sets from MEDLINE, the largest biomedical digital library in biomedicine.
Failure precursor detection in complex electrical systems using symbolic dynamics (2008)

Failures in a plant's electrical components are a major source of performance degradation and plant unavailability. In order to detect and monitor failure precursors and anomalies early in electrical systems, we have developed a signal processing method that can detect and map patterns to an anomaly measure. Application of this technique for failure precursor detection in electronic circuits resulted in robust detection. This technique was observed to be superior to conventional pattern recognition techniques such as neural networks and principal component analysis for anomaly detection. Moreover, this technique based on symbolic dynamics offers superior robustness due to averaging associated with experimental probability calculations. It also provided a monotonically increasing smooth anomaly plot which was experimentally repeatable to a remarkable accuracy.
Independent estimation of<i>T</i>*<sub>2</sub>for water and fat for improved accuracy of fat quantification (2010)

Noninvasive biomarkers of intracellular accumulation of fat within the liver (hepatic steatosis) are urgently needed for detection and quantitative grading of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Accurate quantification of fat with MRI is challenging due the presence of several confounding factors, including T*(2) decay. The specific purpose of this work is to quantify the impact of T*(2) decay and develop a multiexponential T*(2) correction method for improved accuracy of fat quantification, relaxing assumptions made by previous T*(2) correction methods. A modified Gauss-Newton algorithm is used to estimate the T*(2) for water and fat independently. Improved quantification of fat is demonstrated, with independent estimation of T*(2) for water and fat using phantom experiments. The tradeoffs in algorithm stability and accuracy between multiexponential and single exponential techniques are discussed.
<title>Compact motion representation based on global features for semantic image sequence coding</title> (1991)

For dynamic scene analysis [HOR81],[ADI85],[HAR85], numerous studies developped derivation methods of qualitative motion features from a dense apparent velocity vector field (optical flow). However, these qualitative information [FRA90] can not be used for image sequence reconstruction because no explicit reconstruction criterion is introduced within the feature identification process itself.
Enhancing Research Quality and Reporting: Why the <i>Journal of Comorbidity</i> is Now Publishing Study Protocols (2014)

Abstract: The Journal of Comorbidity was launched in 2011 and has since become established as a high-quality journal that publishes open-access, peer-reviewed articles, with a focus on advancing the clinical management of patients with comorbidity/multimorbidity. To further enhance research quality and reporting of studies in this field, the journal is now offering authors the opportunity to publish a summary of their study protocols – a move designed to generate interest and raise awareness in ongoing clinical research and to enable researchers to detail their methodologies in order that replication by scientific peers is possible.
Luminal narrowing after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A multivariate analysis of clinical, procedural and lesion related factors affecting long-term angiographic outcome in the PARK study. Post-Angioplasty Restenosis Ketanserin. (1994)

These results indicate that re-narrowing after successful PTCA is a process which can be influenced by a number of clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics but cannot yet be accurately predicted by these.
Chiroptical molecular propellers based on hexakis(phenylethynyl)benzene through the complexation-induced intramolecular transmission of local point chirality (2014)

We designed hexakis(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives with a tertiary amide group on each blade to achieve a helically biased propeller arrangement through the complexation-induced intramolecular transmission of point chirality. A hydrogen-bonding ditopic guest was captured at two amide groups, and thus could pair two neighboring blades to form a supramolecular cyclic structure, in which an auxiliary chiral group associated with a blade acted as a chiral handle to control the helical bias, while the chiral auxiliary did not exert any helical influence on the dynamic helicity in the absence of a guest due to the high flexibility of each blade.
Management Influence through a Quality Audit Service (1987)

The ability to define and measure standards of performance and the quality of service is crucial to the effectiveness of internal auditors and their accountability. A series of key quality measure‐ments and standards has been determined, against which performance is then monitored and published. To provide further feedback, a management and an executive satisfaction survey is carried out for each audit. Trends in the survey ratings highlight progress over time and where quality improvements must be sought.
The plasmon band in noble metal nanoparticles: an introduction to theory and applications (2006)

Noble metal nanoparticles chemistry is a domain in rapid expansion, as those objects lead to interesting applications in the fields of catalysis, biosensing, electronics and optics. Because of their structure, intermediate between that of molecules and of bulk material, they enable to bridge the gap between molecular chemistry and surface science. In particular, their optical properties, known since antiquity, have already shown a part of their potential and further major discoveries can reasonably be expected. Their most insightful optical properties rely on a strong absorption in the visible spectrum, called the plasmon band, that colloidal solutions of gold, silver or copper feature. Herein we wish to present a comprehensible overview of the fundamentals of the theories explaining the phenomenon dedicated to chemists seeking an introduction to those features. We will also give a brief review of the recently published body of relevant literature with reference to the aforementioned theory.
Wavelength independent multimode interference coupler (2013)

We propose an ultra-broadband multimode interference (MMI) coupler with a wavelength range exceeding the O, E, S, C, L and U optical communication bands. For the first time, the dispersion property of the MMI section is engineered using a subwavelength grating structure to mitigate wavelength dependence of the device. We present a 2 × 2 MMI design with a bandwidth of 450nm, an almost fivefold enhancement compared to conventional designs, maintaining insertion loss, power imbalance and MMI phase deviation below 1dB, 0.6dB and 3°, respectively. The design is performed using an in-house tool based on the 2D Fourier Eigenmode Expansion Method (F-EEM) and verified with a 3D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulator.
Evidence for the Presence of Aquaporin-3 in Human Red Blood Cells (1998)

A facilitated diffusion for glycerol is present in human erythrocytes. Glycerol transporters identified to date belong to the Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP) family of integral membrane proteins, and one of them, aquaporin-3 (AQP3), has been characterized in mammals. Using an antibody raised against a peptide corresponding to the rat AQP3 carboxyl terminus, we examined the presence of AQP3 in normal and Colton-null (aquaporin-1 (AQP1)-deficient) human erythrocytes. Three immunoreactive bands were detected on immunoblots of both normal and Colton-null red cells, very similar to the bands revealed in rat kidney, a material in which AQP3 has been extensively studied. By immunofluorescence, anti-AQP3 antibodies stained the plasma membranes of both normal and Colton-null erythrocytes. Glycerol transport was measured on intact erythrocytes by stopped-flow light scattering and on one-step pink ghosts by a rapid filtration technique. Glycerol permeability values, similar in both cell types, suggest that AQP1 does not represent the major path for glycerol movement across red blood cell membranes. Furthermore, pharmacological studies showed that Colton-null red cells remain sensitive to water and glycerol flux inhibitors, supporting the idea that another proteinaceous path, probably AQP3, mediates most of the glycerol movements across red cell membranes and represents part of the residual water transport activity found in AQP1-deficient red cells.
Caffeine Attenuates the Duration of Coronary Vasodilation and Changes in Hemodynamics Induced by Regadenoson (CVT-3146), a Novel Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist (2007)

Effects of caffeine on regadenoson-induced coronary vasodilation and changes in hemodynamics were examined in conscious dogs. Sixteen dogs were chronically instrumented for measurements of coronary blood flow (CBF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR). Regadenoson (5 microg/kg, IV) increased CBF from 34 +/- 2 to 191 +/- 7 mL/min. The duration of the 2-fold increase in CBF was 515 +/- 71 seconds. Regadenoson decreased MAP by 15 +/- 2% and increased HR by 114 +/- 14%. Regadenoson-induced maximum increases in CBF were not significantly lower in the presence of caffeine at 1, 2, 4, and 10 mg/kg (2 +/- 3, 0.7 +/- 3, 16 +/- 5, and 13 +/- 8%, respectively; all P > 0.05). Caffeine at 1, 2, 4, and 10 mg/kg significantly decreased the duration of the 2-fold increase in CBF induced by regadenoson by 17% +/- 4%, 48% +/- 8%, 62% +/- 5%, and 82% +/- 5%, respectively (all P < 0.05). Caffeine at 4 and 10 mg/kg significantly attenuated the effects of regadenoson on MAP and HR. The results indicate that 1 to 10 mg/kg caffeine dose-dependently reduced the duration, but not the peak increase of CBF caused by 5 microg/kg regadenoson.
Long-term leukemia-initiating capacity of a CD34-subpopulation of acute myeloid leukemia (1996)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) proliferation in vivo is maintained by a small fraction of progenitor cells. These cells have been assumed to express an immature phenotype and to produce most colony-forming units (CFU-AML). For one case of AML (French-American-British [FAB] M1, normal cytogenetics), we examined the capacity of the CD34+ (25% of unseparated AML cells) and CD34- fractions to initiate leukemia in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. In addition, the production of CFU-AML and nucleated cells (NC) of these subsets was investigated in long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC). The frequencies of cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFC) were also estimated; early appearing cobblestone areas (CAs) are indicative of relatively mature progenitors and late CAs represent the progeny of primitive progenitors. In mice transplanted with CD34- (98% pure) or CD34+ (98% pure) grafts, similar AML cell growth was seen throughout an observation period of 106 days. The capacity to establish long-term growth from the CD34- cells was confirmed by renewed outgrowth after retransplantation. In vitro, the CD34- fraction contained both immature and mature CAFCs and produced high numbers of CFU-AML and NC in LTBMC. The CD34+ fraction produced only small numbers of CFU-AML, NC, and mature CAFCs. Therefore, the expression of CD34 and the content of CFU-AML were not associated with long-term growth of AML. However, similar frequencies of primitive CAFCs were observed in both fractions. Thus, both CD34- and CD34+ subsets of this AML sample contained immature progenitors with the capacity to initiate long-term AML growth as characterized in vivo (in SCID mice) as well as in vitro (in CAFC assay), indicating asynchrony between functional and immunophenotypical maturation of AML progenitor cell compartments.
Interval modulation: a new paradigm for the design of high speed optical communication systems (2005)

In this thesis we propose a new, biologically inspired, paradigm for the design of high speed communication systems. The paradigm consists of a new modulation format referred to as Interval Modulation (IM). In order to transmit data in an efficient manner using this format, new coding techniques are needed. In this thesis we propose a coding technique based on variable length to variable length prefix trees and code construction algorithms are outlined. These codes are referred to as Interval Modulation Codes (IMC). Furthermore, data encoded with this modulation format cannot be transmitted or received using conventional synchronous CDR based receivers. In this thesis we outline a new asynchronous circuit architecture for both the transmitter and receiver. The architecture is based on active delay lines and eliminates the need for clock recovery.
Rotating-Wall Vessel Coculture of Small Intestine as a Prelude to Tissue Modeling: Aspects of Simulated Microgravity (1993)

A new low shear stress, low turbulence microcarrier culture system has been developed at NASA's Johnson Space Center that permits large-scale three-dimensional tissue culture. Tissue culture bioreactors called rotating-wall vessels were used in conjunction with multicellular cocultivation to develop a unique in vitro tissue-modeling system. Normal small intestine epithelium and mesenchymal cells were cocultivated on Cytodex-3 microcarriers and were initiated in two phases. Normal small intestine mesenchymal cells were inoculated into the rotating-wall vessel at 2 x 10(5) cells/ml and allowed to attach and proliferate for 2 to 3 days. Normal small intestine epithelium was then added at an innoculum of 2 x 10(5) cells/ml and cultivation continued for 30 to 40 days. These cocultures attained cell numbers of 4-6 x 10(6) cells/ml and differentiated to form tissue-like masses of 0.4-0.5 cm with minimal necrosis. The masses displayed apical brush borders, differentiated epithelial cells, cellular polarity, extracellular matrix, and basal lamina. Verification of mesenchymal and epithelial cell expression was determined by immunocytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. These data suggest that the rotating-wall vessel affords a new tissue culture model for investigation of growth, regulatory, and differentiation processes within normal tissues.
A micromachined 2D positioner with electrothermal actuation and sub-nanometer capacitive sensing (2003)

This paper reports on a multi-purpose two-axis micropositioner with sub-nanometer position sensing for precise feedback control. Along each axis it has an electrothermal actuator, a capacitive position sensor and a displacement amplifier that provides a gain of 3.37 for the sensor. It is fabricated from custom SOI wafers using dry etching, and each component is electrically and thermally isolated by silicon nitride. For a fabricated device of 65 m thickness, the measured displacement sensitivity is 0.333 fF nm -1 , which corresponds to 0.3 nm resolution with available laboratory instrumentation. The range is 19 m along each axis for the positioner, which corresponds to 66 m travel in the sense combs. Using an external parallel inductor, a positioning displacement of 9.6 m offers a shift of 240 kHz in L-C resonance, corresponding to a sensitivity of 25 Hz nm -1 .