gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New TAML Level 3 Multilateral System Improves Capabilities and Operational Efficiencies (2002)

Abstract In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the pace of the evolution of multilateral systems. Many systems with new features and improved functionality have been introduced which have enhanced the success and growth of multilateral technology. The MACH-3™ system is among the latest of these offerings. This innovative hybrid system is an example of RMLS™ technology that has been re-designed to provide a simpler and faster method of completing TAML Level 3 multilateral junctions. This system will greatly reduce the amount of rig time required for multilateral junction construction by simplifying the installation process and minimizing the number of trips to complete. It also provides increased functionality with large diameter, selective re-entry access to either the lateral or main well bore. Primarily designed for heavy oil applications where the cost of installation is a major issue, the system has potentially far reaching applications in this and other markets. The paper describes the mechanical and operational principles of the system in its potential applications. The basic functionality of the MACH-3™ system will be analyzed, and some simple guidelines and limitations will be put forward for the selection of a Level 3 multilateral system. These guidelines are based on some of the lessons learned from multilateral experience in Canada, Venezuela and the U.S.A.
Negotiating Condom Use (2000)

ABSTRACT Little is known about what strategies adolescents use in condom use negotiation, or what strategies are successful. In this paper, we report on analyses of the content of 306 adolescents' condom negotiation strategies in a role playing situation. Study participants were higher-risk adolescents recruited in an STD clinic and in a juvenile detention institution. Using an analogue, paper-and-pencil measure, adolescents wrote out the responses they would give to an opposite sex partner who was pressuring them to have sex without a condom. Responses were coded and reasons were grouped into four categories: use condoms, no sex, safety-related reasons, and socio-emolional appeals. Consistent with predictions, socio-emotional messages were more likely to be used with steady than casual partners, and no-sex messages were more likely to be used with casual than with steady partners. Implications for refining intervention design and for future research are discussed. Key Words: HIV/AIDSadolescentscommunicationsex differencespartner type
Sparse Channel Estimation for Multicarrier Underwater Acoustic Communication: From Subspace Methods to Compressed Sensing (2009)

In this paper, we investigate various channel estimators that exploit channel sparsity in the time and/or Doppler domain for a multicarrier underwater acoustic system. We use a path-based channel model, where the channel is described by a limited number of paths, each characterized by a delay, Doppler scale, and attenuation factor, and derive the exact inter-carrier-interference (ICI) pattern. For channels that have limited Doppler spread we show that subspace algorithms from the array processing literature, namely Root-MUSIC and ESPRIT, can be applied for channel estimation. For channels with Doppler spread, we adopt a compressed sensing approach, in form of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) and Basis Pursuit (BP) algorithms, and utilize overcomplete dictionaries with an increased path delay resolution. Numerical simulation and experimental data of an OFDM block-by-block receiver are used to evaluate the proposed algorithms in comparison to the conventional least-squares (LS) channel estimator. We observe that subspace methods can tolerate small to moderate Doppler effects, and outperform the LS approach when the channel is indeed sparse. On the other hand, compressed sensing algorithms uniformly outperform the LS and subspace methods. Coupled with a channel equalizer mitigating ICI, the compressed sensing algorithms can effectively handle channels with significant Doppler spread.
Neurosurgical confocal endomicroscopy: A review of contrast agents, confocal systems, and future imaging modalities (2014)

In addition to guiding tumor resection, intraoperative fluorescence and microscopy have the potential to facilitate tumor identification and complement frozen section analysis during surgery by providing real-time histological assessment. Further research, including clinical trials, is necessary to test the efficacy of fluorescent contrast agents and optical imaging instrumentation in order to establish their role in neurosurgery.
Vitamin K Status and Bone Health: An Analysis of Methods for Determination of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin1 (1998)

Recent studies suggest that fracture risk is associated with increased undercarboxylated osteocalcin. Methods use differences in binding of undercarboxylated and fully carboxylated osteocalcin to hydroxyapatite or barium sulfate. We evaluated these methods and found that results varied with the amount and preparation of the salts. Furthermore, patient samples with differing amounts of total osteocalcin could not be directly compared. Errors in the determination of undercarboxylated osteocalcin were minimized by expressing data as the percent of the total osteocalcin in the sample, and correcting for the basal level of osteocalcin using a polynomial equation derived from multiple binding curves. Errors from 5-15% in estimation of undercarboxylated osteocalcin were observed without both of these corrections. When differing types of assays were employed (RIA, intact, N-terminal), results also were affected. In normal adults and children and in patients on long-term warfarin therapy, the percent osteocalcin not bound to hydroxyapatite was lower when measured with an intact assay than by a polyclonal RIA. Differences were related to the amount of N-terminal osteocalcin fragments, which had low affinity for hydroxyapatite and resulted in variable overestimation of undercarboxylated osteocalcin. In a kit specific for uncarboxylated osteocalcin, we found good discrimination between carboxylated and uncarboxylated intact osteocalcin. However, the assay detected large osteocalcin fragments and overestimated their concentration by up to 350%. Values for uncarboxylated osteocalcin were not different in patients on coumadin compared with normal adults with this kit, but when normalized to the total intact osteocalcin, percent uncarboxylated osteocalcin was greater in patients on coumadin than in controls, as would be expected. Kit values for uncarboxylated osteocalcin in normal children were higher than intact values in the same subject, because of the increased reactivity of the kit toward circulating fragments that were elevated in children. Thus, for estimation of undercarboxylated osteocalcin, care must be taken to standardize the hydroxyapatite or barium sulfite used for binding, to correct for the basal level of osteocalcin in the sample, to use immunoassays that do not detect small fragments, and to express the results as the percent of the total osteocalcin in the sample. Without these precautions, the assessment of undercarboxylated osteocalcin is not reliable.
Materials for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis: Beyond Traditional Donor—Acceptor Combinations (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Improved Method for the Preparation of Aromatic Diazoketones (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Method for the Preparation of Aromatic DiazoketonesMelvin S. Newman and Philip. BealCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 4, 1506–1507Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01172a518https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01172a518research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Terminal and bridging methoxyls on zeolites detected by13C magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (1999)

Pure silicalites, synthesized without any heteroatoms and treated with [13C]methanol vapour, exhibit in the 13C magic angle spinning NMR spectrum signals at 48, 49 and 50 ppm with respect to tetramethylsilane (TMS) after desorption at 200 °C. The signals at 48 and 49 ppm were assigned to terminal methoxy groups at the defects of the lattice. Similar signals were detected also on modified Cs-exchanged faujasite by impregnation with caesium acetate after calcination in air and also on samples of hydrotalcite. The basicity (nucleophilicity) of the zeolitic lattice oxygen controls the carbon deshielding of chemisorbed methylium ions at bridging positions so that methoxy carbon signals increase linearly from 53 to 60 ppm (TMS) with increasing intermediate electronegativity of the lattice oxygen. On the other hand, terminal methoxy species exhibit signals from 48 to 51 ppm. Terminal and bridging methoxy species on silicalite, LSX, CsNaX/Cs2O and hydrotalcite are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Analysis of Phytochrome-mediated Anthocyanin Synthesis (1971)

Phytochrome (far red form) alone can mediate anthocyanin synthesis in the mustard seedling (Sinapis alba L.). Complete photoreversibility and reciprocity, for both red and far red light exposures over a period of at least 5 minutes, demonstrate this phytochrome involvement.The duration of the initial lag-phase is constant (about 3 hours at 25 C) for seedlings more than 30 hours old and is specific for the system, being independent of the dose or quality of light. Since a complete reversal by far red of a red light induction is possible only during a 5 minute period, phytochrome (far red form) obviously mediates anthocyanin synthesis during the lag-phase although the actual synthesis of pigment can proceed only after the lag-phase is overcome. We suggest that phytochrome (far red form) exerts a double function during the initial lag-phase. It mediates both the build up of a biosynthetic potential ("capacity") and anthocyanin synthesis. However, the sequence of events leading to anthocyanin is arrested at some intermediate stage until this "capacity" is built up after 3 hours. Once "capacity" is achieved it does not decay readily. Therefore, no significant "secondary lag-phase" occurs if the seedling, under appropriate conditions, is reirradiated after an intervening dark period. The rate or extent of synthesis for both anthocyanin and lipoxygenase, previously reported (32), are functions of the amount of phytochrome (far red form). No "phytochrome paradoxes," i.e., nonrational relationships between the amount of phytochrome (far red form) and rate or extent of response, were detected. This fact suggests that the mustard seedling is especially well suited for investigating the biophysical and molecular mechanisms of phytochrome action.
Answering what-if deployment and configuration questions with wise (2008)

Designers of content distribution networks often need to determine how changes to infrastructure deployment and configuration affect service response times when they deploy a new data center, change ISP peering, or change the mapping of clients to servers. Today, the designers use coarse, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or costly field deployments; they need better ways to evaluate the effects of such hypothetical "what-if" questions before the actual deployments. This paper presents What-If Scenario Evaluator (WISE), a tool that predicts the effects of possible configuration and deployment changes in content distribution networks. WISE makes three contributions: (1) an algorithm that uses traces from existing deployments to learn causality among factors that affect service response-time distributions; (2) an algorithm that uses the learned causal structure to estimate a dataset that is representative of the hypothetical scenario that a designer may wish to evaluate, and uses these datasets to predict future response-time distributions; (3) a scenario specification language that allows a network designer to easily express hypothetical deployment scenarios without being cognizant of the dependencies between variables that affect service response times. Our evaluation, both in a controlled setting and in a real-world field deployment at a large, global CDN, shows that WISE can quickly and accurately predict service response-time distributions for many practical What-If scenarios.
Epidermal growth factor and proliferation in rat hepatocytes in primary culture isolated at different times after partial hepatectomy. (1986)

Primary hepatocyte cultures have been prepared from normal adult rat liver and from rat liver at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h following partial hepatectomy (removal of 70% of the liver). Cells were maintained in minimal essential medium alone or supplemented with hormones. Comparing DNA synthesis in normal adult rat hepatocytes with DNA synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from regenerating livers, we found with minimal essential medium alone little DNA synthesis in normal adult rat hepatocytes and in hepatocytes isolated 4, 8, or 12 h after 70% hepatectomy. In hepatocytes isolated 24 h after partial hepatectomy, however, the incorporation of [3H]thymidine was 3 times the rate of normal hepatocytes. The addition of insulin to minimal essential medium had minimal effect on DNA synthesis in all hepatocytes. Addition of epidermal growth factor alone or in combination with insulin resulted in a dramatic increase in DNA synthesis in hepatocytes from regenerating rat liver. Increased incorporation was detectable as early as 4 h after partial hepatectomy and reached a maximum at 24 h after the operation. Results obtained with [3H]thymidine incorporation were confirmed by autoradiography and by direct DNA determinations in hepatocyte cultures. Epidermal growth factor binding to the hepatocytes was determined and agreed with previously reported binding studies. Binding of epidermal growth factor in hepatocytes isolated at 4 h after partial hepatectomy was the same as in normal hepatocytes but was undetectable in hepatocytes isolated from rats at 12 and 24 h after partial hepatectomy.
Data Mining Techniques to Assess the Condition of High Voltage Electrical Plant (2002)

Increasing demands to fully exploit the capabilities of existing transmission equipment and systems require the best use from data assets in corporate databases and also require the development of new and comprehensive diagnostics for high voltage equipment. Data Mining allows extraction of new information or knowledge and development of new methods for visualising and analysing the data held. Consequently, data mining should be seen as part of a well-considered information and asset management strategy. This paper outlines some work which has been done to achieve such optimal use of diagnostic data on modern electrical plant. Two variations of data mining approaches are discussed using examples from different diagnostic measurements and tests. The use of Kohonen mapping applied to existing and new data is illustrated using examples of dissolved gas analysis, tap-changer monitoring and insulator testing. In addition, two other examples are given illustrating the potential for data mining to produce useful information from comprehensive modern diagnostic monitoring of high voltage cables and of circuit breakers. A new task force within SC15 has been established to embark on a coordinated and focussed approach to develop guidelines for data mining in practice.
QSEA—modelling of genome-wide DNA methylation from sequencing enrichment experiments (2016)

Genome-wide enrichment of methylated DNA followed by sequencing (MeDIP-seq) offers a reasonable compromise between experimental costs and genomic coverage. However, the computational analysis of these experiments is complex, and quantification of the enrichment signals in terms of absolute levels of methylation requires specific transformation. In this work, we present QSEA, Quantitative Sequence Enrichment Analysis, a comprehensive workflow for the modelling and subsequent quantification of MeDIP-seq data. As the central part of the workflow we have developed a Bayesian statistical model that transforms the enrichment read counts to absolute levels of methylation and, thus, enhances interpretability and facilitates comparison with other methylation assays. We suggest several calibration strategies for the critical parameters of the model, either using additional data or fairly general assumptions. By comparing the results with bisulfite sequencing (BS) validation data, we show the improvement of QSEA over existing methods. Additionally, we generated a clinically relevant benchmark data set consisting of methylation enrichment experiments (MeDIP-seq), BS-based validation experiments (Methyl-seq) as well as gene expression experiments (RNA-seq) derived from non-small cell lung cancer patients, and show that the workflow retrieves well-known lung tumour methylation markers that are causative for gene expression changes, demonstrating the applicability of QSEA for clinical studies. QSEA is implemented in R and available from the Bioconductor repository 3.4 (www.bioconductor.org/packages/qsea).
網路世界中關鍵字所涉及之商標侵權爭議 ― 以美國法的初始興趣混淆原則與使用為中心 The Disputes of Initial Interest Confusion in the Internet World – From Meta Tags to Keywords (2009)

使用者若想在網路以有效率方式取得資訊，便需藉由在搜尋引擎中輸入關鍵字作精確地搜尋，而此也正是關鍵字議題產生的起源。當關鍵字成為網路使用者最快取得資訊的方式時，網頁擁有人也將竭盡所能的以各種方式，使自己的網頁能夠被使用者發現，進而在眾多競爭者脫穎而出。由於關鍵字帶來的新服務態樣，使得商標的使用不再必須仰賴實體物品的出現，或甚至可使用在人類無法察覺而僅供機器內部辨識之處，故也挑戰著原來美國商標法規定的「商業上使用」方式。本文便是欲探究美國司法實務中，以初始興趣混淆原則（IIC）及美國商標法規定的使用定義，作為網路環境下，因關鍵字所產生的商標侵權與否之判斷要件是妥適，並進而檢驗我國相關法制之因應作為。 Since many website operators find consumers today often use trademarks on an Internet search engine, like Google or Yahoo, seeking specific goods or services, these operators also adjust their marketing strategy to insert others’ famous trademarks in their original website HTML pages (known as meta tags) or purchase the “keyword” (usually is other’s trademark) from the search engine operator in order to have a better position in the search result pages. By these methods, the consumers will sometimes be referred to the advertisements for these website operators, instead of the real trademark owners. Undoubtedly, the real trademark owners are very angry with these, since they suffer economic loss. For these reasons, there are more and more lawsuits between the trademark owners and their competitor or search engine operators. The plaintiff often claims the defendant’s behavior still violates the doctrine of initial interest confusion (IIC) in trademark law. The IIC doctrine is gradually developed by practices of the courts, it allowing a finding of infringement even if a consumer is sure to know the actual source or origin of the goods or services at the time the purchase is made, so long as the consumer may have been momentarily confused. This Article will argue that the early application of the initial interest confusion doctrine in the United States to the Internet meta tag and search engine cases has a questionable legal basis and extend trademark protection far beyond the traditional purposes of trademark law. Additionally, how to define the “use” of the trademark is the prerequisite condition to decide trademark infringe or not, this Article will also discuss the appropriate scope in order to protect the trademark owner’s right and harmony with the changing internet behavior.
Multiplex picoliter-droplet digital PCR for quantitative assessment of EGFR mutations in circulating cell-free DNA derived from advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients (2017)

To explore the possible diagnostic value of liquid biopsy, two multiplex panels using picoliter-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) were established to quantitatively assess the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in cell‑free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from the plasma of advanced non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Plasma samples derived from 22 patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations in matched tumor tissues confirmed by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) analysis were subjected to two multiplex ddPCR panels to assess the abundance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) ‑sensitive (19DEL, L858R) and TKI‑resistant (T790 M) mutations. Fluctuations in EGFR mutant abundance were monitored by either of the multiplex ddPCR panels for three patients undergoing EGFR‑TKI treatment, with serial plasma sample collections over 2 months. The multiplex ddPCR panels applied to plasma cfDNA from advanced NSCLC patients achieved a total concordance rate of 80% with the EGFR mutation profiles obtained by ARMS from matched biopsy tumor specimens (90% for 19DEL, 95% for L858R, 95% for T790M, respectively) and revealed additional mutant alleles in two subjects. The respective sensitivity and specificity were 90.9 and 88.9% for 19DEL, 87.5 and 100% for L858R, 100 and 93.8% for T790M. The fluctuations of EGFR mutant abundance in serial plasma cfDNA were in accordance with the changes in tumor size as assessed by imaging scans. The authors demonstrated the utility of multiplex ddPCR panels with ultra‑sensitivity for quantitative analysis of EGFR mutations in plasma cfDNA and obtained promising usefulness in EGFR‑TKI decision‑making for advanced NSCLC patients.
A Novel Motion Plane-Based Approach to Vehicle Speed Estimation (2018)

Speed limit violation by vehicles is one of the most frequent reasons for road crashes, which take the lives of many people every year, resulting in an increasing demand for video-based vehicle speed estimation systems. One of the biggest challenges to achieve monocular video-based vehicle speed estimation is the projection displacement difference (PDD) problem, where there is a plane disparity between street-level indicators and above-plane feature points of vehicles, thus resulting in unreliable speed estimates. In this paper, a novel motion plane-based approach for vehicle speed estimation is proposed, which addresses the problem of PDD. In the proposed method, we consider the center of a vehicle license plate as the vehicle reference point and estimate the hypothetical plane (named motion plane), on which license plate moves. Subsequently, the plate position is mapped on the motion plane and the displacement is then calculated, thus mitigating the effects of PPD. To estimate the motion plane, a texture-based shape-from-template technique is used. Unlike existing methods, the proposed method needs neither to apply any indicator nor to use any information about extrinsic parameters of the camera. Furthermore, since all the license plates are approximately located on a flat plane, the motion plane can be estimated by using several extracted 3-D points. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the state-of-the-art vehicle speed estimation methods, illustrating the efficacy of this approach for achieving reliable vehicle speed estimation.