gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of PI3K-Akt Signaling Blocks Exercise-Mediated Enhancement of Adult Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity in the Dentate Gyrus (2009)

Exercise increases cell proliferation and promotes survival of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus. Immediately after exercise, we found that Akt and three downstream targets, BAD, GSK3beta and FOXO1 were activated. LY294002 blocked exercise-induced phosphorylation of Akt and downstream target proteins. This had no effect on exercise-induced cell proliferation, but it abolished most of the beneficial effect of exercise on the survival of newly generated dentate gyrus neurons and prevented exercise-induced increase in dentate gyrus LTP. These results suggest that activation of the PI3 kinase-Akt signaling pathway plays a significant role via an antiapoptotic function in promoting survival of newly formed granule cells generated during exercise and the associated increase in synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus.
Adaptive Decorrelation Filtering Algorithm for Speech Source Separation in Uncorrelated Noises (2006)

A time-domain vector formulation is presented on analysis and solution of the adaptive decorrelation filtering (ADF) system for blind speech source separation in additive background noise. The formulation leads to a derivation of a gradient descent algorithm and offers insights into the impact of uncorrelated white noise on ADF systems. A new noise-adapted ADF algorithm is then derived by modifying the decorrelation criterion function to exclude noise impact on cross-correlation information of ADF outputs. Speech separation simulations were based on convolutive mixtures of TIMIT speech data generated with long impulse response measured in a real reverberant acoustic experiment. The proposed algorithm significantly improved convergence rate, gains in target-to-interference ratio at ADF outputs, and phone accuracy of separated target speech source.
Algorithmic Recognition of Group Actions on Orbitals (1999)

Abstract An algorithm is given tjat recognises (in O(lN 2 log N ) time, where N is the size of the input and l the depth of a precalculated Schreier tree) when a transitive group, ( G , Ω) is the action on one orbit of the action of G on the set Γ( 2 ) of ordered pairs of distinct elements of some G -set Γ (that us, Ωis isomorphic to an orbital of ( G ,Γ)). This may be adapted to list all essentially different such actions in O ( lN 4 log N )time, where N is the sum of sizes of the input and output. This will be a useful tool for reducing the degree of a permutation group as an aid to further study of the group. This algorithm is then extended to provide an algorithm that will (in O (l N 3 log N ) time) recognise when a transiteve group is the action on one orbit of the action of G on the set Γ {2} ofunorderd pairs of distinct elements of some G -set Γ. An algorithm for finding all essentially different such actions is also provided, running in O ( lN 4 log N ) time. (again, N is the sum of the input and output sizes.) It is also indicated how these results may be applied to the more general problem of recognising when an intransitive group ( G ,Ω) is isomorphic to ( G , Γ {2} ) for some G -set Γ. All the algorithms are practical; most have been implementd in GAP, and the code is made available with this paper. In some cases the algorithms are considerably more practical than their asymptotic analyses would suggest.
Informed Prefetching and Caching (CMU-CS-97-204) (2018)

Disk arrays provide the raw storage throughput needed to balance rapidly increasing processor performance. Unfortunately, many important, I/O-intensive applications have serial I/O workloads that do not benefit from array parallelism. The performance of a single disk remains a bottleneck on overall performance for these applications. In this dissertation, I present aggressive, proactive mechanisms that tailor file-system resource management to the needs of I/O-intensive applications. In particular, I will show how to use application-disclosed access patterns (hints) to expose and exploit I/O parallelism, and to dynamically allocate file buffers among three competing demands: prefetching hinted blocks, caching hinted blocks for reuse, and caching recently used data for unhinted accesses. My approach estimates the impact of alternative buffer allocations on application elapsed time and applies run-time cost-benefit analysis to allocate buffers where they will have the greatest impact. I implemented TIP, an informed prefetching and caching manager, in the Digital UNIX operating system and measured its performance on a 175 MHz Digital Alpha workstation equipped with up to 10 disks running a range of applications. Informed prefetching on a ten-disk array reduces the wall-clock elapsed time of computational physics, text search, scientific visualization, relational database queries, speech recognition, and object linking by 10-84% with an average of 63%. On a single disk, where storage parallelism is unavailable and avoiding disk accesses is most beneficial, informed caching reduces the elapsed time of these same applications by up to 36% with an average of 13% compared to informed prefetching alone. Moreover, applied to multiprogrammed, I/O-intensive workloads, TIP increases overall throughput.
Project Finance: A Credit Strategy Based on Contractual Linkages (1998)

The paper argues that the existing literature on project finance almost exclusively describes it either in terms of the narrow principles of ‘non-recourse’ and ‘off-balance sheet’ finance, or in terms of the unbounded sources of finance ,for industrial investment. As a consequence, definitions and explanations of project finance have tended to be too generalised and in many respects contradictory depending upon the author's perspective or the financial structure of he project in question. In attempting to redress this situation, the paper utilises a case study approach and an empirical survey to derive a better understanding of project finance which explains it in terms of a risk strategy which reconciles the potentially conflicting objectives of borrowers and lenders by utilising the so-called ‘community of interests’ which exists in the commercial and industrial linkages between the various parries involved in a project.
Vibrational Imaging of Glucose Uptake Activity in Live Cells and Tissues by Stimulated Raman Scattering (2015)

Glucose is a ubiquitous energy source for most living organisms. Its uptake activity closely reflects cellular metabolic demand in various physiopathological conditions. Extensive efforts have been made to specifically image glucose uptake, such as with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorescence microscopy, but all have limitations. A new platform to visualize glucose uptake activity in live cells and tissues is presented that involves performing stimulated Raman scattering on a novel glucose analogue labeled with a small alkyne moiety. Cancer cells with differing metabolic activities can be distinguished. Heterogeneous uptake patterns are observed with clear cell-cell variations in tumor xenograft tissues, neuronal culture, and mouse brain tissues. By offering the distinct advantage of optical resolution but without the undesirable influence of fluorophores, this method will facilitate the study of energy demands of living systems with subcellular resolution.
Heat inactivation of Ku autoantigen: possible role in hyperthermic radiosensitization. (1997)

Heat shock prior, during, or immediately after ionizing radiation synergistically increases cell killing, a phenomenon termed hyperthermic radiosensitization. Recently, we have shown a constitutive DNA-binding factor in rodent cells that is inactivated by heat shock to be identical to Ku autoantigen. Ku, consisting of an Mr 70,000 (Ku70) and an Mr 86,000 (Ku80) subunit, is a heterodimeric nuclear protein and is the DNA-binding regulatory component of the mammalian DNA-dependent protein kinase DNA-PK. Recent genetic and biochemical studies indicate the involvement of Ku and DNA-PK in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. On the basis of these findings, we propose that heat-induced loss of the DNA-binding activity of Ku may lead to hyperthermic radiosensitization. To test this hypothesis, we examined and compared the DNA-binding activity of Ku, the DNA-PK kinase activity, and hyperthermic radiosensitization in rodent cells immediately after heat shock and during post-heat shock recovery at 37 degrees C. Our results show that the heat-induced loss of Ku-DNA binding activity correlates well with an increased radiosensitivity of the heat-shocked cells, and furthermore, the loss of synergistic interaction between heat and radiation parallels the recovery of the DNA-binding activity of Ku. On the other hand, the heat-induced decrease of DNA-PK activity did not correlate with hyperthermic radiosensitization. Our data, for the first time, provide evidence for a role of Ku protein in modulating the cellular response to combined treatments of heat shock and ionizing radiation.
Genetic studies of cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (1980)

Eight cell fusion-causing syn mutants were isolated from the KOS strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. Unlike the wild-type virus, the mutants produced plaques containing multinucleated cells, or syncytia. Fusion kinetics curves were established with a Coulter Counter assay for the mutants and wild-type virus in single infections of human embryonic lung (HEL) cells, for the mutants and wild-type virus in mixed infections (dominance test), and for pairs of mutants in mixed infections (complementation test). In single infections, fusion began 4 to 6 h after infection and proceeded with an exponential decrease in the number of small single cells. At some later time that was characteristic of the mutant, there was a significant reduction in the rate of fusion for all but possibly one of the mutants. Although the wild-type virus did not produce syncytial plaques, it did induce a small amount of fusion that stopped abruptly about 2 h after it started. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that both mutants and wild type induce an active fusion inducer and that the activity of this inducer is subsequently inhibited. The extent of fusion is apparently determined by the length of the interval during which the fusion inducer is active. That fusion is actively inhibited in wild-type infections is indicated by the observation that syn mutant-infected cells fused more readily with uninfected cells than with wild-type infected cells. Fusion was decreased in mixed infections with the mutants and wild-type virus, but the mutants displayed a codominant fusion phenotype. Fusion was not decreased in mixed infection with pairs of mutants, indicating that the mutants, with one possible exception, are members of the same complementation group. A linkage map was established for six of the mutants by analysis of recombination frequencies.
Policy Statement: Recommendations for the Prevention of Pneumococcal Infections, Including the Use of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Prevnar), Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, and Antibiotic Prophylaxis (2000)

Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is recommended for universal use in children 23 months and younger, to be given concurrently with other recommended childhood vaccines at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. For children 7 to 23 months old who have not received previous doses of PCV7, administration of a reduced number of doses is recommended. Two doses of PCV7 are recommended for children 24 to 59 months old at high risk of invasive pneumococcal infection-including children with functional, anatomic, or congenital asplenia; infection with human immunodeficiency virus; and other predisposing conditions-who have not been immunized previously with PCV7. Recommendations have been made for use of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (23PS) vaccine in high-risk children to expand serotype coverage. High-risk children should be given vaccines at the earliest possible opportunity. Use of antibiotic prophylaxis in children younger than 5 years with functional or anatomic asplenia, including children with sickle cell disease, continues to be recommended. Children who have not experienced invasive pneumococcal infection and have received recommended pneumococcal immunizations may discontinue prophylaxis after 5 years of age. The safety and efficacy of PCV7 and 23PS in children 24 months or older at moderate or lower risk of invasive pneumococcal infection remain under investigation. Current US Food and Drug Administration indications are for administration of PCV7 only to children younger than 24 months. Data are insufficient to recommend routine administration of PCV7 for children at moderate risk of pneumococcal invasive infection, including all children 24 to 35 months old, children 36 to 59 months old who attend out-of-home care, and children 36 to 59 months old who are of Native American (American Indian and Alaska Native) or African American descent. However, all children 24 to 59 months old, regardless of whether they are at low or moderate risk, may benefit from the administration of pneumococcal immunizations. Therefore, a single dose of PCV7 or 23PS vaccine may be given to children 24 months or older. The 23PS is an acceptable alternative to PCV7, although an enhanced immune response and probable reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage favor the use of PCV7 whenever possible.
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN THE DINOFLAGELLATE<i>GAMBIERDIZSCUS TOXICUS</i>(DINOPHYCEAE). I. ISOZYME ANALYSIS (1997)

ABSTRACT Intraspecific variation among 19 isolates of the ciguatera‐causing dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi & Fukuyo (Dinophyceae) collected from French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and the French West Indies was investigated by isozyme analysis. Comparison of their cell sizes and growth rates revealed that significant variation exists among these clones. Comparison of electrophoretic patterns for seven enzyme systems indicated that G. toxicus is comprised of numerous biochemically distinct strains. Isolates from Tubuai and Hao appeared to be the most distantly related. Tahitian strains of G. toxicus also showed a remarkably low degree of similarity with the Tubuai isolates. The latter, which were taken from the same locale in Tubuai, also exhibited highly heterogeneous electrophoretic Profiles when compared to each other, suggesting a multiclonal origin. The single isolate analyzed from the Atlantic Ocean was most closely related to Tahitian isolates, despite their geographic separation. Finally, no clear relationship was found between the electrophoretic profiles of these isolates and their capacity to produce ciguatoxic compounds .
Non-transferrin-bound iron uptake by rat liver. Role of membrane potential difference. (1988)

Non-transferrin-bound iron is efficiently cleared from serum by the liver and may be primarily responsible for the hepatic damage seen in iron-overload states. We tested the hypothesis that transport of ionic iron is driven by the negative electrical potential difference across the liver cell membrane. Extraction of 55Fe-labeled ferrous iron (1 microM) from Krebs bicarbonate buffer by the perfused rat liver was continuously monitored as the transmembrane potential difference (measured using conventional microelectrodes) was altered over the physiologic range by isosmotic ion substitution. Resting membrane potential in Krebs bicarbonate buffer was -28 +/- 1 mV. Perfusion with 1 microM ferrous iron caused a reversible 3 +/- 1 mV depolarization, and higher concentrations of iron caused even greater depolarization. Conversely, depolarization of the liver cells consistently reduced iron extraction. Replacement of sodium with potassium (70 mM) or choline (131 mM) depolarized the hepatocytes to -15 and -20 mV and decreased iron extraction by 28 and 31%, respectively. Perfusion with bicarbonate-free solutions containing tricine buffer (10 mM) reduced the membrane potential to -23 mV and reduced iron extraction by 18%. In contrast, the high basal extraction of iron (91.1 +/- 1.4%) was not further increased by substitution of nitrate for chloride (-46 mV) or infusion of glucagon (-34 mV). All effects were reversible, suggesting that perfusion with 1 microM iron produced little toxicity. These findings are consistent with an electrogenic transport mechanism for uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron that is driven by the transmembrane potential difference.
Hybrid vigor in relation to lipid and protein metabolism in germinating maize kernels. (1988)

The rates of germination and seedling growth of the maize F1 hybrid (Oh 545xW22) exceeded those of the parental lines in the later period of germination. The content of free fatty acids (FFA) in the scutellum of the F1 hybrid increased faster than in either parental lines. On the other hand, the decrease in the concentration of two protein fractions detected by electrophoresis in the embryo was greater in the F1 hybrid than in the parents. The enzymatic activities concerned with the lipid metabolism (lipase, catalase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthetase) and protein decomposition (proteinase) were higher in the F1 hybrid than in the parental lines. Embryo of F1 hybrid contained a larger amount of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) than the parental lines, and the amount of 3H-leucine incorporation into the embryo was the largest in the F1 hybrid. The results of the present experiments suggest that the higher activity of the lipid and protein metabolism in the embryo was related to the more vigorous cell growth of the embryonic axis, and induced faster germination of the F1 hybrid kernels.
MARVEL IN VIVO WIRELESS VIDEO SYSTEM (2012)

This article describes the design, optimization, and prototype testing of a Miniature Anchored Robotic Videoscope for networked Expedited Laparoscopy (MARVEL), which is a camera module (CM) that features wireless communications and control and is designed to decrease the surgical-tool bottleneck experienced by surgeons in state-of-the art Laparoscopic Endoscopic Single-Site (LESS) minimally invasive abdominal surgery. Software simulation is utilized to characterize the internal human body (in vivo) wireless channel to optimize the antenna, transceiver architecture, and communication protocols between multiple CMs. A CM research platform has been realized that includes: a near-zero latency video wireless communications link; a pan/tilt camera platform, actuated by two motors, which provides surgeons a full hemisphere field of view inside the abdominal cavity; a small wireless camera; an illumination control system; wireless controlled focus; digital zoom; and a wireless human‐ machine interface (HMI) to control the CM. An in vivo experiment on a porcine subject has been carried out to test the performance of the system and features, with the exception of recently added autofocus and digital zoom. MARVEL is a research platform for a broad range of experiments for faculty and students in the Colleges of Engineering and Medicine at USF and at Tampa General Hospital.
Combinatorial method to prepare metal nanoparticles that catalyze the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2005)

Enhanced surface diffusion at the growth temperature of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can cause coarsening of metal catalysts. By balancing the nominal thickness and surface diffusion length of metals, metal nanoparticles of desirable size are expected to form spontaneously under the SWNTs growth conditions. Our combinatorial method, using a library of nominally 0.001 to 1 nm thick sputter-deposited cobalt patterns, identified in a single experimental run that cobalt nanoparticles from submonolayers can catalyze the growth of high-quality SWNTs.
Audio Visual Scene-Aware Dialog (2019)

We introduce the task of scene-aware dialog. Our goal is to generate a complete and natural response to a question about a scene, given video and audio of the scene and the history of previous turns in the dialog. To answer successfully, agents must ground concepts from the question in the video while leveraging contextual cues from the dialog history. To benchmark this task, we introduce the Audio Visual Scene-Aware Dialog (AVSD) Dataset. For each of more than 11,000 videos of human actions from the Charades dataset, our dataset contains a dialog about the video, plus a final summary of the video by one of the dialog participants. We train several baseline systems for this task and evaluate the performance of the trained models using both qualitative and quantitative metrics. Our results indicate that models must utilize all the available inputs (video, audio, question, and dialog history) to perform best on this dataset.
Dynamic Properties of Rubber. Dependence on Pigment Loading (1941)

Abstract Dynamic properties are specific for different pigments. Curves show the dependence on pigment loading of the dynamic modulus, ratio of dynamic to static modulus, internal friction, dynamic resilience, and calculated relative heat generation at constant force and at constant amplitude. For the same volume loading, the dynamic modulus and internal friction rank in the order: Superspectra, channel black, zinc oxide, clay, blanc fixe, Thermatomic black, i.e. , roughly in the order of particle size. The calculated dynamic resilience depends on the ratio of the modulus to the internal friction and increases in the order Superspectra, channel black, clay, Thermatomic black, blanc fixe, zinc oxide. The dynamic modulus shows an almost linear relation with the internal friction for different loadings of the same pigment. The dynamic modulus is independent of the frequency in the range 20–150 cycles per second. It depends on the amplitude, an effect which may be connected with the warming of the test-piece due to the vibration. The amplitude at resonance for the same driving force is approximately constant at all frequencies for a given rubber compound. The results show the wide range of dynamic properties obtainable with different pigments, and bring out the general principles involved in their use for dynamic purposes.
Protective action of polyelectrolytes on endothelium. (1991)

These results show that heparin and dextran sulfate protect endothelial cells from oxygen-free radicals. Heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate showed mild protection when measuring cell viability but none when examining the presence of LDH in media. These GAGs are obviously not as effective as heparin and dextran sulfate in protecting endothelial cells from free radical injury. It is possible, however, that other preparations of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate may be more effective. In cells that were pretreated with heparin for 24 hours, the protective action occurred immediately after the addition of X/XO. We can conclude that changes observed in cell viability with heparin treatment were not due to stimulation of cell growth, since this occurred too rapidly. As well, we did not observe a significant difference in cell number in cultures treated with polyelectrolytes. These results show that the anionic polyelectrolytes, in particular heparin and dextran sulfate, may be important for the treatment of ischemic episodes and inflammatory associated conditions. As well, this provides support for the argument that heparin and similar drugs are important for the prevention and treatment of atheroma. It is also possible that the presence of heparin in the mast cell may be to prevent surrounding cells from inflammatory injury.