gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of the Human Cytomegalovirus (2002)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent member of the herpesvirus family responsible for opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients, AIDS patients and newborn infants. The advent of HAART as an effective control for AIDS has reduced the demand for anti-HCMV drugs in AIDS patients, but HCMV remains a significant challenge in organ transplant therapy. As resistance to HAART emerges, HCMV has the potential to become a significant risk for those infected with HIV. Existing chemotherapies for the treatment of HCMV infections suffer from toxicity, poor bioavailability and tolerability. These drugs also do not clear the virus. A number of strategies have been employed to find new therapeutic agents. Non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCMV are reviewed in the present paper. These compounds inhibit viral growth by interfering with viral molecular functions and also by intercepting host cell processes. General classes of potential drugs discussed include HCMV protease inhibitors, compounds preventing viral DNA replication and materials with unknown mechanisms of action. Natural products, rationally resigned inhibitors and compounds found by high throughput methods are described. Keywords: Non-nucleoside inhibitors, Human cytomegalovirus, Hcmv protease inhibitors, inhibitors
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 and H2O into fuels: Cell types and kinetic barriers (2013)

Some water electrolysers like alkaline electrolyser cells (AEC) and polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser cell (PEMEC) have been commercially available for many decades, but for production of hydrogen for fuel using renewable electricity they are not yet affordable because of a too low ratio of production rate/cost. Production rate is determined mainly by electrode kinetics. Therefore, parallel to improving the electrodes of these electrolyser cells, other cell types, which have faster electrode kinetics, can electrolyse CO2 and have potential lower investment costs, are being researched and developed. Solid oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC) has a solid oxide ion conductor as electrolyte, often yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ). The cathode (CO evolution, negative) is often a Ni-YSZ composite. The anode (O2 evolution, positive) most often consists of a composite of YSZ electrolyte and an electron conducting perovskite structured oxide, e.g. (La0.75Sr0.25)0.95MnO3. A cell consisting of these materials can operate in the range of 650 – 950 °C. Solid proton conducting electrolyzer cell (SPCEC) has a proton conducting solid oxide electrolyte, e.g. yttria doped barium zirconate, BaZr0.85Y0.15H0.15O3, i.e. ceramics that can take up H2O and become proton conducting. Electrodes may be similar to those used for SOEC. It may be operated between 500 – 700 °C. Molten carbonate electrolyser cell (MCEC) has molten Li2CO3 electrolyte, Ti-Al-metal alloy as cathode (CO evolution) and graphite as anode (O2 evolution), and may be operated above 800 °C. A short review of the various types is presented, and the limitations of the kinetics are described. The pros and cons of high temperature and pressure as measures to increase the electrode kinetics are discussed. Naturally, the reaction rates increase with temperature and in most cases also with pressure, but high temperature and pressure put high demands to cell, stack and system materials even though the electrocatalysts in general are much cheaper.
Service-Oriented Security Framework for Remote Medical Services in the Internet of Things Environment (2015)

The proposed framework is service-oriented structure. It can support dynamic security elements in accordance with demands related to new remote medical services which will be diversely generated in the IoT environment. We anticipate that it will enable secure services to be provided that can guarantee confidentiality, integrity, and availability for all, including patients, non-patients, and medical staff.
Hard-wired multipliers with encoded partial products (1991)

A multibit overlapped scanning multiplication algorithm for sign-magnitude and two's complement hard-wired multipliers is presented. The theorems necessary to construct the multiplication matrix for sign-magnitude representations are emphasized. Consequently, the algorithm for sign-magnitude multiplication and its variation to include two's complement numbers are presented. The proposed algorithm is compared to previous algorithms that generate a sign extended partial product matrix, with an implementation and with a study of the number of elements in the partial product matrix. The proposed algorithm is shown to yield significant savings over well known algorithms for the generation and the reduction of the partial product matrix of a multiplier designed with multibit overlapped scanning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chiral HPLC Separations for Process Development of S-(+)-Isobutyl Gaba, a Potential Anti-epileptic Agent (1996)

Abstract In order to develop an economically-viable route to make S-(+)-isobutyl GABA ((S)3-aminomethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid), many intermediates required chiral analyses to determine their enantiomeric purities. Multiple chiral stationary phases were employed for this purpose. Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD columns resolved more than 80 % of the tested intermediates.
Temporalis Muscle Resuspension Using Titanium Miniplates and Screws: Technical Note (2001)

OBJECTIVE To describe the technique for and results of using titanium miniplates and screws for resuspension of the temporalis muscle after osseous detachment during cranial procedures requiring exposure of and access to the frontotemporoparietal region. METHODS Thirty-four patients, who were being treated with various cranial procedures, underwent resuspension of the dissected temporalis muscle, using 1.5-mm or 1.3-mm titanium plates and screws, after bone flap replacement. RESULTS The temporalis muscle was successfully and securely resuspended in all cases, using the plates and screws. There were no infections, muscle tears, dislodgement, fractures, or temporal hollowing in any of the cases. In four cases that required re-exploration, the muscle was observed to be rigidly fixated and scarred to the bone. CONCLUSION The use of titanium plates and screws is a safe, simple, successful alternative for reattachment of temporalis muscles for patients undergoing cranial procedures.
Inkjet-Printed Reduced Graphene Oxide/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Electrodes for Flexible Transparent Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2012)

The characteristics of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) prepared with inkjet-patterned reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) composite electrodes were studied. PVA was blended with graphite oxide to enhance exfoliation of the graphite sheets and to provide for stable inkjet printing. Multistep reduction based on a combination of chemical and thermal reduction was conducted to increase the conductivity. Use of the inkjet-patterned RGO/PVA electrodes increased field-effect mobility of the bottom-contact pentacene FETs to 0.23 cm2/(V·s), which was significantly enhanced relative to that of FETs with Au or PEDOT:PSS electrodes. Moreover, we successfully prepared all-organic flexible transparent OFETs using inkjet-patterned RGO/PVA electrodes on plastic substrates.
Improved Microtechnique for the Leptospiral Microscopic Agglutination Test (1973)

A method for improving the original Galton microtechnique for detecting leptospiral antibodies has been developed. Simultaneous titrations were performed on 281 animal and human sera and 17 hyperimmune sera with the microscopic agglutination (MA) test and the improved microtechnique. Reproducibility of the improved microtechnique was determined independently on 65 animal sera by two laboratory sections. The results obtained by comparing positive test data from human and animal sera indicated that agreement between the original MA test and this new method exceeded 94%, whereas the original Galton microtechnique and the original MA test agreed in a maximum of 77% of the tests. This study indicates that the results obtained with the improved microtechnique are much more comparable to results obtained with the original MA test than are those obtained with the original Galton microtechnique.
Pretreatment Nomogram for Predicting the Outcome of Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer (2000)

The development process illustrated here produced a nomogram that seems to predict more accurately than other available systems and may be useful for treatment selection by both physicians and patients.
Molecular Consequences of Ds Insertion Into and Excision From the Helix-Loop-Helix Domain of the Maize R Gene (1998)

The R and B proteins of maize are required to activate the transcription of several genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. To determine the structural requirements for R function in vivo, we are exploiting its sensitive mutant phenotype to identify transposon (Ds) insertions that disrupt critical domains. Here we report that the ability of the r-m1 allele to activate transcription of at least three structural genes is reduced to only 2% of wild-type activity because of a 396-bp Ds element in helix 2 of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif. Residual activity likely results from the synthesis of a mutant protein that contains seven additional amino acids in helix 2. This protein is encoded by a transcript where most of the Ds sequence has been spliced from pre-mRNA. Two phenotypic classes of stable derivative alleles, very pale and extremely pale, condition <1% of wild-type activity as a result of the presence of two- and three-amino-acid insertions, respectively, at the site of Ds excision. Localization of these mutant proteins to the nucleus indicates a requirement for an intact bHLH domain after nuclear import. The fact that deletion of the entire bHLH domain has only a minor effect on R protein activity while these small insertions virtually abolish activity suggests that deletion of the bHLH domain may bypass a requirement for bHLH-mediated protein-protein interactions in the activation of the structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.
Model Driven Architecture: Next Steps. (2005)

It has been suggested that thyroid blood flow (TBF) is regulated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. Because thyroxine (T4) pretreatment increases the sensitivity of the thyroid to the effects of thyrotropin, the present study was conducted to determine whether T4 pretreatment can also sensitize the thyroid to the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on TBF. Untreated or T4-pretreated rats were anesthetized, and both superior laryngeal nerves (SLN) were transected. TBF was continuously monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and thyroid vascular conductance (TVC) was also determined by the microsphere technique. Stimulation of the SLN had no effect on TBF or TVC in untreated rats when measured by LDF or microspheres. In contrast, stimulation of the SLN after T4 pretreatment increased TBF by 65 +/- 21% over prestimulus levels as measured by LDF. TVC was also increased significantly (P < 0.05) in these rats compared with TVC in a nonstimulated T4-pretreated group. To examine the role of muscarinic receptor activation in the mediation of these increases in TVC, T4 pretreated rats were given saline or atropine prior to SLN transection. Stimulation of the SLN in T4-pretreated rats given saline increased TVC significantly (P < 0.05) compared with TVC in the nonstimulated saline-treated or atropine-treated group. In contrast, TVC in the stimulated group given saline was not significantly different from the group that was stimulated after atropine injection. Our results suggest that the thyroidal vascular responsiveness to parasympathetic stimulation is increased in the hyperthyroid condition.
Identification of the Major Phosphorylation Sites in Human C5a Anaphylatoxin Receptor in Vivo (1995)

Interaction of human C5a anaphylatoxin with cell surface receptors mediates cell activation and receptor desensitization. Treatment of differentiated HL60 cells or transiently transfected COS-7 cells with C5a or phorbol 12-myristate 12-acetate (PMA) results in rapid hyperphosphorylation of the C5aR. In an attempt to gain more insight into the function of phosphorylation in the desensitization of C5aR, we have initiated experiments to identify phosphoacceptor sites at the amino acid level after stimulation of cells with either C5a or PMA. In this report we show that C5aR is phosphorylated exclusively on serine residues in both differentiated HL60 and transfected COS-7 cells irrespective of the stimulus used. Peptide mapping after cyanogen bromide cleavage of phosphorylated C5aR indicates that despite the presence of a protein kinase C consensus motif the third cytoplasmic loop is not phosphorylated when cells are challenged with either C5a or PMA. Thus, whether the cells are stimulated with C5a or PMA, the phosphorylation sites appear to be restricted to serine residues in the carboxyl tail. Phosphoamino acid analysis of a series of mutants in which an individual serine residue was replaced by a threonine residue indicates that the C5aR undergoes C5a-dependent phosphorylation to the maximal stoichiometry of 6 mol of PO4/mol of receptor at Ser314, Ser317, Ser327, Ser332, Ser334, and Ser338. Simultaneous substitution of serine residues by alanine at positions 332, 334, and 338 affected neither the binding of C5a nor the cell surface expression of the mutant, but resulted in a dramatic reduction (more than 80%) of both C5a- and PMA-mediated phosphorylation as compared to the wild type receptor. This result suggests that phosphorylation on the segment extending from Ser332 to Ser338 is required for the subsequent phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal tail of C5aR.
A Model of the Relationship among Consumer Trust, Web Design and User Attributes (2009)

One important aspect of consumer relationships is trust. Conducting business on the Web is relatively new compared to traditional business and many of the factors related to consumer trust related to the Web remained unexplored. To increase our understanding about trust building on the Internet, this article studies trust with a focus on its relationship to Web design characteristics, specifically perceived quality of presentation, perceived ease of navigation, and several user attributes: prior internet experience, Web users’ self efficacy, and gender differences. A research model is proposed that builds upon prior research on trust. A survey is developed based on the constructs and relationships in the model. The data analysis and results confirm five out of eight of the hypotheses associated with the model. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.
Legal Education and the 'Idealistic Student': Using Foucault to Unpack the Critical Legal Narrative (2019)

It appears that few of the students holding ‘socially idealistic’ goals upon entering law school actually maintain these upon graduation. The critical legal narrative, which explains and seeks to act upon this shift in the graduate’s ‘legal identity’, posits that these ideals are repressed through power relations that create passive receptacles into which professional ideologies can be deposited, in the interests of those advantaged by the social and legal status quo.Using the work of Michel Foucault, this paper unpacks the assumptions underpinning this narrative, particularly its arguments about ideology, power, and the subject. In doing so, it will argue this narrative provides an untenable basis for political action within legal education. By interrogating this narrative, this paper provides a new way of understanding the construction of the legal identity through legal education, and a new basis for political action within law school.
Reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency: A clinical and molecular study (2010)

Identification of a novel m.14674T>G mutation in addition to m.14674T>C indicated the importance of this site for disease causation. Analyses of cybrids revealed the pathogenicity of m.14674T>C mutation, which resulted in defects of cytochrome c oxidase and multiple respiratory chain enzymes. Furthermore, patients with basal ganglia lesions provided new insights into this disease, in which only skeletal muscle was thought to be affected. Normal respiratory chain enzyme activities in naive myoblasts suggested the compensatory influence of nuclear factors, which may be a clue to understanding the mechanisms of spontaneous recovery and low penetrance in families carrying the mutation.
On the implementation of efficient channel filters for wideband receivers by optimizing common subexpression elimination methods (2005)

The most computationally intensive part of a wideband receiver is the channelizer. The computational complexity of linear phase finite impulse response (LPFIR) filters employed in the channelizer is dominated by the number of adders used in the implementation of the multipliers. In this paper, two methods are proposed to efficiently implement the channel filters in a wideband receiver based on common subexpression elimination (CSE). We exploit the fact that a significant amount of redundant multiplications exist in the filter-bank channelizer as it extracts multiple narrowband channels from the wideband signal. By forming three and four nonzero-bit super-subexpressions utilizing redundant identical shifts that exist between a two- nonzero-bit common subexpression (CS) and a third nonzero bit, or between two nonzero-bit CS, the number of adders to implement the channel filters can be reduced considerably. Furthermore, the complexity of the adders is analyzed and design examples of the channel filters employed in the digital advanced mobile phone system (D-AMPS) and the personal digital cellular (PDC) channelizers show that the proposed methods offer considerable reduction in the number of full adders when compared to conventional CSE methods.
A scheduling quasi-minmax MPC for LPV systems (1999)

Presents a scheduling model predictive controller for constrained discrete linear parameter variable (LPV) systems. At each sampling time the parameters of the LPV plant are measured and their future values are assumed to vary arbitrarily inside a specified polytope. Given this information along with the current state the algorithm minimizes online an upper bound on the quasi-worst case infinite horizon objective function subject to input and output constraints. The first computed input is implemented and the calculations are repeated at the next sampling time. Optimization can be solved by semi-definite programming including constraints that are expressed as LMIs (linear matrix inequalities) and is convex. The resulting receding horizon controller guarantees stability if the optimization has a feasible solution.
A Highly Efficient Total Synthesis of (+)-Himbacine (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Highly Efficient Total Synthesis of (+)-HimbacineSamuel Chackalamannil, Robert J. Davies, Theodros Asberom, Darío Doller, and Daria LeoneView Author Information Schering-Plough Research Institute 2015 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 40, 9812–9813Publication Date (Web):October 9, 1996Publication History Received23 July 1996Published online9 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja962542fCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1779Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (183 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalytic reactions,Chemical synthesis,Cyclization,Organic synthesis,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Language model adaptation for spoken language systems (1998)

1. ABSTRACT In a human-machine interaction (dialog) the statistical language variations are large among different stages of the dialog and across different speakers. Moreover, spoken dialog systems require extensive training data for training adaptive language models. In this paper we address the problem of open-vocabulary language models allowing the user for any possible response at each stage of the dialog. We propose a novel off-line adaptation of stochastic language models effective for their generalization (openvocabulary) and selective (dialog context) properties. We outline the integration of the finite state dialog model and the language model adaptation algorithm. The performance of the speech recognition and understanding language models are evaluated with the Carmen Sandiego multimodal computer game. The new language models give an overall understanding error rate reduction of 44% over the baseline system.
Defining Characteristics of Community-Based Health Promotion Programs (1998)

Community-based health promotion programs have flourished over the past twenty years. These programs have varied considerably in their goals and in their approaches to reaching these goals. While some flexibility is critical to program effectiveness, it is also important to determine a set of defining characteristics in order to distinguish community-based programs from other types of health promotion activities. In this article, we examine some of the defining characteristics of community-based health promotion programs, and the challenges faced by practitioners who with to engage in this type of work.
Ketogenic diet for treatment of epilepsy. (2010)

The ketogenic diet can be considered an option for children with intractable epilepsy who use multiple antiepileptic drugs. It is a treatment of choice for seizures associated with glucose transporter protein deficiency syndrome (ie, De Vivo disease) and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. The diet's strictness, unpalatability, and side effects limit its use, adversely affecting patients' compliance and clinical efficacy.
A Novel Framework of Distributed Datacenter Networks to Support Intelligent Services: Architecture, Operation, and Solutions (2018)

Existing datacenter networks (DCNs) support the legacy cloud services well; nonetheless, it is inherently short of provisioning the emerging IoT services, such as the vehicle services, where real-time intelligence, cognition, and security are required, mainly due to its long distance with the IoT devices that generate the intelligent services. Regarding this, this paper proposes a new interconnection architecture for distributed DCNs by way of passive optical network (PON) technology to construct a ubiquitous cloud computing (UCC) environment with high scalability, resiliency, and data locality. A novel de-centralized architecture of virtualized mega DCNs on customized next-generation PONs (NGPONs) to provision UCC is proposed under the name of NGPON-DCN. In addition, a cost-effective deployment design framework and an associated revenue-driven elastic infrastructure-as-a-service delivery model are specified for creation and operation of such NGPON-DCN, followed by a discussion of anticipated key research challenges and optimization opportunities in this new NGPON-DCN convergence paradigm.