gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally Small Colloidal Zeolites Templated by Pd and Pt Amines (2008)

Monomodal colloidal suspensions containing EDI-type zeolite nanocrystals with sizes below 20 nm were prepared via a palladium and platinum amine templating approach. The role of the metal complexes in zeolite crystallization is elucidated using spectroscopic and microscopic characterization techniques in a series of samples containing pure Pd, Pt, and Cu amine complexes as well as mixtures of two compounds. The crystallization process of colloidal zeolites in precursor suspensions containing both [Pd(NH3)4]2+ and [Pt(NH3)4]2+ proceeds faster than in [Cu(NH3)4]2+ systems. The Pd and Pt complexes lead to a faster and enhanced nucleation rate in the precursor aluminosilicate suspensions in comparison to the copper amine complex. The latter explains both the smaller particle size and the higher monodispersity in the samples templated by Pd and Pt as compared to pure Cu-containing samples. Precursor systems containing mixed metal templates were used to control further the particle size and degree of metal loadings in the colloidal molecular sieves.
In-vitro differentiation of germ cells from frozen testicular biopsy specimens (2000)

In some men with germ cell maturation arrest, spermatogenesis can be resumed during in-vitro culture of testicular biopsy samples. In this study, we examined whether similar differentiation events can be induced in cultured germ cells from cryopreserved testicular biopsy specimens. Fresh and cryopreserved aliquots of the same testicular biopsy samples were cultured in medium supplemented with FSH and testosterone. After 24 and 48 h of culture, the progression of spermatogenesis and the percentage of Sertoli cells with DNA damage, detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL), were evaluated. Spermatogenesis progressed in a similar way in fresh and cryopreserved aliquots over the first 24 h of culture. However, in contrast to fresh aliquots, no additional progress of spermatogenesis was detected between the 24 and 48 h time points. The percentage of TUNEL-positive Sertoli cells in fresh aliquots showed only a moderate increase after 24 h of culture, whereas most Sertoli cells from cryopreserved aliquots became TUNEL-positive during the same culture period. These data show that limited progression of spermatogenesis can be achieved by culturing cryopreserved testicular biopsy specimens for 24 h, but no additional benefit can be expected from prolonging the culture beyond this time point.
High Density Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries Self-Assembled from Graphite Oxide Nanoplatelets and Polyelectrolytes (1998)

The construction of a high-capacity intercalating cathode via an entirely new approach is reported—the self-assembly of nanometer-thick polyelectrolytes and graphite/graphite oxide nanoplatelets on a conducting substrate. The advantages of this approach as well as the charging and discharging behavior of a high-density (1232 mAhg–1 of graphitic carbon) rechargeable lithium-ion battery based on this cathode are described. This electrochemical cell holds commercial promise as it may be readily scaled up to an economically viable battery.
Clinical effects of a proprietary combination isoflavone nutritional supplement in menopausal women: a pilot trial. (2005)

The results of this pilot trial suggests that this combination isoflavone nutritional supplement may significantly relieve the most troubling symptoms of menopause, as well as confer some chemopreventive and cardioprotective benefits.
High performance aluminum–cerium alloys for high-temperature applications (2017)

A new class of castable cerium strengthened aluminum alloys has phenomenal high temperature properties without the need for heat treatment.
5.6 A 0.68nW/kHz supply-independent Relaxation Oscillator with ±0.49%/V and 96ppm/°C stability (2017)

RC Relaxation Oscillators (RxO) are attractive for integrated clock sources compared to LC and ring oscillators (RO), as LC oscillators pose integration challenges and RO designs have limited voltage and temperature (V-T) stability. RxOs generate a clock whose time period (T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</inf> ) depends only on the timing resistor (R) and capacitor (C). Ideally, T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</inf> is independent of V-T; however, most RxOs use a reference voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</inf> ) against which the voltage of C (Vc) is compared. Generating a V-T-independent V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</inf> is non-trivial and causes variations in RxO frequency. A common approach is the use of VDD-independent current sources or band-gap or device-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> -based V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</inf> [1]. The former are generally high-power options [2] while the latter is subject to process and V-T variations. A correct-by-design approach was adopted in [3] demonstrating VDD-independent operation by cancelling variations through differential sampling of VDD. Further, the power overhead of a supply-independent V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</inf> is overcome by exploiting differential-integrator virtual ground. However, 4V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /R power in the RC tank and high-power VCO increase the energy/cycle.
Practical Preparation of Lacto-<i>N</i>-biose I, a Candidate for the Bifidus Factor in Human Milk (2007)

A one-pot enzymatic reaction to produce lacto-N-biose I (LNB), which is supposed to represent the bifidus factor in human milk oligosaccharides, was demonstrated. Approximately 500 mM of LNB was generated in 10-liter of reaction mixture initially containing 660 mM of sucrose and 600 mM of GlcNAc by the concurrent actions of four enzymes, sucrose phosphorylase, UDP-glucose-hexose-1-phospate uridylyltransferase, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, and lacto-N-biose phosphorylase, in the presence of UDP-Glc and phosphate, indicating a reaction yield of 83%. LNB was isolated from the mixture by crystallization after yeast treatment. Finally, 1.4 kg of LNB of 99.6% purity was recovered after recrystallization.
Treatment of chronic type B hepatitis in Southeast Asia. (1988)

In Southeast Asia, 15 to 20 percent of the population are hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. The majority of these carriers have chronic hepatitis and would progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma at an annual incidence of 2 percent and 1 percent, respectively. Previous studies from Southeast Asia suggested that immunosuppressive therapy could be harmful, or at best of no value, and antiviral treatment with vidarabine, picibanil, or even interferon was also unsatisfactory. Currently, a randomized controlled trial of human lymphoblastoid interferon, with or without prednisolone pretreatment, versus placebo in patients with hepatitis B core antigen in the liver and hepatitis B e antigen in the serum is being conducted. Forty-five patients (29 receiving interferon, 16 receiving placebo) have been entered in the trial for at least two months. Actuarial analysis shows that the response to interferon therapy was better than that to placebo. Although flu-like symptoms, hair loss, and body weight loss were seen, no side effect requiring specific treatment has been encountered. These preliminary results suggest that human lymphoblastoid interferon is effective and safe in Oriental patients.
Alterations in stress granule dynamics driven by TDP-43 and FUS: a link to pathological inclusions in ALS? (2015)

Stress granules (SGs) are RNA-containing cytoplasmic foci formed in response to stress exposure. Since their discovery in 1999, over 120 proteins have been described to be localized to these structures (in 154 publications). Most of these components are RNA binding proteins (RBPs) or are involved in RNA metabolism and translation. SGs have been linked to several pathologies including inflammatory diseases, cancer, viral infection, and neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In ALS and FTD, the majority of cases have no known etiology and exposure to external stress is frequently proposed as a contributor to either disease initiation or the rate of disease progression. Of note, both ALS and FTD are characterized by pathological inclusions, where some well-known SG markers localize with the ALS related proteins TDP-43 and FUS. We propose that TDP-43 and FUS serve as an interface between genetic susceptibility and environmental stress exposure in disease pathogenesis. Here, we will discuss the role of TDP-43 and FUS in SG dynamics and how disease-linked mutations affect this process.
Handling Multiple Screen Sizes (2010)

For the first year or so since Android 1.0 was released, all production Android devices had the same screen resolution (HVGA, 320 by 480) and size (around 3.5 inches, or 9 centimeters). Starting in the fall of 2009, though, devices have been arriving with widely disparate screen sizes and resolutions, from tiny QVGA (240 by 320) screens to much larger WVGA (480 by 800) screens.KeywordsEuropean UnionScreen SizeLarge ScreenScreen ResolutionAndroid DeviceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Clinical and Histologic Observations of Sites Implanted With Intraoral Autologous Bone Grafts or Allografts. 15 Human Case Reports (1996)

The cases reported in this paper were treated at 7 different clinical centers and present clinical and histologic observations from 15 patients and 21 human biopsies. The biopsies were taken from extraction sockets or dental implant sites which were grafted with either autologous intra-oral bone (6 sites), demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDBA) (7 sites), or mineralized freeze-dried bone (MFDBA) (7 sites), or a combination of autologous bone, DFDBA and a barrier membrane (1 site). Six sites were grafted with DFDBA and augmented with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) barrier membranes. Biopsies for histological evaluation were taken 4 to 13 months after implantation. A bone scoring system of 0 to 4 was used to evaluate the sections for dead implanted particles or the presence of vital bone. A bone score of 3 indicated the presence of dead implant material, blood vessels, islands of cartilage, osteoblasts, and new bone formation. A score of 4 indicated total replacement of the implanted material by the host bone. The average bone score for sites which received autologous bone was 2.33; for DFDBA sites, 0.98; and MFDBA was 0.18. The over-riding histologic characteristic of sites implanted with DFDBA or MFDBA was retention of non-vital graft particles within fibrous connective tissue. Biopsies taken adjacent to the host bed demonstrated incorporation of the allografts (osteoconduction). Sites grafted with autologous bone chips also demonstrated non-vital bone chips surrounded by vital host bone (osteoconduction). Sites which received barrier membranes did not appear to improve or impair bone healing of the augmented sites. Autologous bone chips harvested from within the oral cavity as well as allografts may serve as biologic fillers, but do not apparently contribute to osteoinduction. Autologous bone will eventually be resorbed and replaced by the host. DFDBA and MFDBA are resorbed very slowly and apparently do not contribute to osteoinduction. Allografts apparently are not resorbed by osteoclasts and therefore their continued use around dental implants is questioned.
FULL PAPER (2020)

Learning on mathematics courses education that includes learning theory, students' development, and teaching profession, was performed for two years in a row by using the method of lectures, group discussions, and assignment in the form of a worksheet. The methods caused the students rarely to do work together to memorize, interpret, and implement the material through the activities of microteaching. The innovation learning model was necessary so that students could collaborate to solve problems and implement the material. This research aimed to describe the results of the implementation of the REACT learning model and its review on the students' ability to collaborate through the activities of observation. The research method employed descriptive with qualitative data in the form of the results of the implementation of the learning model implemented on 8 meetings on the class of Strategies of Learning Mathematics for the students of the Second Semester in Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang as well as an increase in the ability of collaborative students.The students' collaborative learning can also be seen from the students' contribution on problem solving, suggestions, ideas, and questions in the form of confirmation. The design and simulation of the learning design was in the form of collaboration from team members. Students' ability on collaborative learning was clear on the stage of Experiencing, Cooperating, and Transferring. The stage of experiencing showed that students were able to answer questions based on personal experience, the stage of cooperating showed that students actively conducted discussion to complete the worksheet in groups, and the stage of transferring showed that students were working together to make learning design and its JINoP (Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran),Volume 6, Nomor 1, Mei 2020, hal 1-11 simulation. Thus, through the implementation of REACT learning model, students could improve the ability of the collaborative learning.
Dynamic Residual Dense Network for Image Denoising (2019)

Deep convolutional neural networks have achieved great performance on various image restoration tasks. Specifically, the residual dense network (RDN) has achieved great results on image noise reduction by cascading multiple residual dense blocks (RDBs) to make full use of the hierarchical feature. However, the RDN only performs well in denoising on a single noise level, and the computational cost of the RDN increases significantly with the increase in the number of RDBs, and this only slightly improves the effect of denoising. To overcome this, we propose the dynamic residual dense network (DRDN), a dynamic network that can selectively skip some RDBs based on the noise amount of the input image. Moreover, the DRDN allows modifying the denoising strength to manually get the best outputs, which can make the network more effective for real-world denoising. Our proposed DRDN can perform better than the RDN and reduces the computational cost by 40 - 50 % . Furthermore, we surpass the state-of-the-art CBDNet by 1.34 dB on the real-world noise benchmark.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2011)

Stem cells have two features: the ability to differentiate along different lineages and the ability of self-renewal. Two major types of stem cells have been described, namely, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are obtained from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and are associated with tumorigenesis, and the use of human ESCs involves ethical and legal considerations. The use of adult mesenchymal stem cells is less problematic with regard to these issues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that have the ability to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues, such as umbilical cord, endometrial polyps, menses blood, bone marrow, adipose tissue, etc. This is because the ease of harvest and quantity obtained make these sources most practical for experimental and possible clinical applications. Recently, MSCs have been found in new sources, such as menstrual blood and endometrium. There are likely more sources of MSCs waiting to be discovered, and MSCs may be a good candidate for future experimental or clinical applications. One of the major challenges is to elucidate the mechanisms of differentiation, mobilization, and homing of MSCs, which are highly complex. The multipotent properties of MSCs make them an attractive choice for possible development of clinical applications. Future studies should explore the role of MSCs in differentiation, transplantation, and immune response in various diseases.
Vehicle Navigation Using Differential GPS (1989)

It is pointed out that GPS (Global Positioning System), like any other means of navigation, has its own error sources that are unique to its implementation. The implementation of differential GPS deals with a process whereby most of these errors can be minimized, if not eliminated, thus improving the overall accuracy of GPS to a level of a few meters. These test results are presented, and applications of differential GPS are discussed. It is concluded that, in many applications where GPS navigation system and bidirectional data links exist and are in place, the cost of implementing differential GPS is minimal. >
Megalin mediates renal uptake of heavy metal metallothionein complexes (2004)

Although several heavy metal toxins are delivered to the kidney on the carrier protein metallothionein (MT), uncertainty as to how MT enters proximal tubular cells limits treatment strategies. Prompted by reports that MT-I interferes with renal uptake of the megalin ligand beta(2)-microglobulin in conscious rats, we tested the hypothesis that megalin binds MT and mediates its uptake. Three lines of evidence suggest that binding of MT to megalin is critical in renal proximal tubular uptake of MT-bound heavy metals. First, MT binds megalin, but not cubilin, in direct surface plasmon resonance studies. Binding of MT occurs at a single site with a K(d) approximately 10(-4) and, as with other megalin ligands, depends on divalent cations. Second, antisera and various known megalin ligands inhibit the uptake of fluorescently labeled MT in model cell systems. Anti-megalin antisera, but not control sera, displace >90% bound MT from rat renal brush-border membranes. Megalin ligands including beta(2)-microglobulin and also recombinant MT fragments compete for uptake by megalin-expressing rat yolk sac BN-16 cells. Third, megalin and fluorescently labeled MT colocalize in BN-16 cells, as shown by fluorescent microscopic techniques. Follow-up surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry studies using overlapping MT peptides and recombinant MT fragments identify the hinge SCKKSCC region of MT as a critical site for megalin binding. These findings suggest that disruption of the SCKKSCC motif can inhibit proximal tubular MT uptake and thereby eliminate much of the renal accumulation and toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium, gold, copper, and cisplatinum.
Multireflection optical multi/demultiplexer using interference filters (1979)

A multireflection multi/demultiplexer using interference filters is proposed. Light waves of different wavelengths are combined or separated while they propagate between two filter arrays. The insertion loss of the 6-channel demultiplexer was around 1dB.
Tungsten Nucleation on Thermal Oxide during LPCVD of Tungsten by the Hydrogen Reduction of Tungsten Hexafluoride (1988)

The rate of tungsten nucleation and island growth is characterized on thermal silicon dioxide in the absence of exposed silicon surfaces in a stainless steel cold wall high vacuum differential reactor. Tungsten hexafluoride (0.05–2.50 torr) was found to react with undoped thermal silicon dioxide in the presence of adjacent tungsten areas for temperatures ranging from 240° to 380°C and reaction times from 1.10 to 2h. The silicon dioxide film did not change thickness, but electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) revealed a surface covering of tungsten, oxygen, fluorine, and silicon. Tungsten nucleates rapidly on silicon dioxide in the presence of reactive surfaces and the hydrogen reduction reaction of tungsten hexafluoride. The observed nucleation is autocatalytic and initiated by an intermediate diffusing from areas of tungsten deposition. For a gas flow rate of 160 sccm, tungsten hexafluoride pressure of 0.05 torr, a hydrogen pressure of 0.70 torr, and temperatures ranging from 268° to 348°C, the activation energy for initiation of nucleation is 23–25 kcal mol−1.
Isolation and Characterization of an Anaerobic, Cellulolytic Bacterium, <i>Clostridium cellulovorans</i> sp. nov (1984)

A new anaerobic, mesophilic, spore-forming cellulolytic bacterium is described. Cellulose is cleared within 24 to 48 h around colonies formed in cellulose agar roll tubes. Cells stain gram negative and are nonmotile rods which form oblong spores either centrally or subterminally in a clostridial swelling. Colonies are irregular with an opaque edge and a center devoid of both vegetative cells and spores. Cellulose, xylan, pectin, cellobiose, glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, and mannose serve as substrates for growth. H(2), CO(2), acetate, butyrate, formate, and lactate are produced during fermentation of cellulose or cellobiose. The temperature and pH for optimum growth are 37 degrees C and 7.0, respectively. The DNA composition is 26 to 27 mol% guanine plus cytosine. This bacterium resembles "Clostridium lochheadii" in morphological and some biochemical characteristics but is not identical to it. The name Clostridium cellulovorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 743B (ATCC 35296).
Enlargement of viewing area of stereoscopic full-color LED display by use of a parallax barrier (2002)

In a stereoscopic full-color LED display by use of a parallax barrier, we discuss optimization of the viewing area, which depends on the width of the black regions between LEDs. Although conventional stereoscopic displays use a parallax barrier to permit the viewer to view stereoscopic images without any special glasses, their viewing area is restricted by crosstalk and the disappearing of pixels. Widening of the viewing area is examined by use of full-color panels with black regions having different widths. The optimum aperture ratio of the parallax barrier is obtained by analyzing the viewing area. An enlarged viewing area has been demonstrated by use of a 3-in-1 chip LED panel that has wider black regions than ordinary LED lamp cluster panels.
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry system with nitrogen as a carrier gas. (1986)

窒素をキャリヤーガスとしたガスクロマトグラフィー/質最分析法について,基礎的な実験と応用分析を行った結果,微量分析を対象としない場合は実用的に使用できることが分かった。窒素をGC/MSのキャリヤーガスとして使用するに当たり,溶融シリカキャピラリーカラムがガスクロマトグラフと質量分析計を直結し,差動排気方式の真空系をもった装置で,電子加速電圧200eVの条件で測定した.この場合,キャリヤーガスの流量を減少させていくに従って感度が上昇し,全イオン量の感度がヘリウムの1/3～1/4まで近付くがGC条件が不適になり保持時間が長くなったり,分離やピーク形状が悪くなるので,GC条件を考慮に入れると,感度は実用的には大体ヘリウムの1/7～1/10の全イオン量である.従って,1ピーク当たり絶対量100～300ng程度であれば,マススペクトルもマスクロマトグラムもヘリウムとほとんど相違のない性能が得られる.
Analyzing Peer-To-Peer Traffic Across Large Networks (2004)

The use of peer-to-peer (P2P) applications is growing dramatically, particularly for sharing large video/audio files and software. In this paper, we analyze P2P traffic by measuring flow-level information collected at multiple border routers across a large ISP network, and report our investigation of three popular P2P systems-FastTrack, Gnutella, and Direct-Connect. We characterize the P2P traffic observed at a single ISP and its impact on the underlying network. We observe very skewed distribution in the traffic across the network at different levels of spatial aggregation (IP, prefix, AS). All three P2P systems exhibit significant dynamics at short time scale and particularly at the IP address level. Still, the fraction of P2P traffic contributed by each prefix is more stable than the corresponding distribution of either Web traffic or overall traffic. The high volume and good stability properties of P2P traffic suggests that the P2P workload is a good candidate for being managed via application-specific layer-3 traffic engineering in an ISP's network.