gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Einführung (1993)

Aus den besonderen Wesensmerkmalen und spezifischen Risiken industrieller Anlagengeschäfte erwachsen vielfältige Probleme bei der Planimg und Überwachimg derartiger Projekte, deren mangelnde Bewältigung in der Vergangenheit zu zahlreichen Fehlkalkulationen und Kostenüberschreitungen in einer Größenordnung geführt hat, die einzelne Unternehmen in ihrer Existenz gefährdeten. Dies soll zum Anlaß genommen werden, die im Anlagenbau traditionelle kalkulatorische Erfolgsrechnung auf der Basis von Kosten und Erlösen zu überdenken. In der Betriebswirtschaftslehre wurde diese Problematik bislang nur in unbefriedigendem Umfang thematisiert1. Zwar haben die im industriellen Anlagengeschäft tätigen Unternehmen zu Einzelproblemen pragmatische Lösungen entwickelt, insgesamt berücksichtigen die in der Praxis verbreiteten Kalkulationsverfahren die spezifischen Besonderheiten industrieller Anlagengeschäfte jedoch in nicht ausreichendem Maße und sind demnach noch zu sehr auf die Belange des kurzfristigen Sorten- und Seriengeschäfts ausgerichtet.
WFOV star tracker camera (1991)

A prototype wide-field-of-view (WFOV) star tracker camera has been fabricated and tested for use in spacecraft navigation. The most unique feature of this device is its 28{degrees} {times} 44{degrees} FOV, which views a large enough sector of the sky to ensure the existence of at least 5 stars of m{sub v} = 4.5 or brighter in all viewing directions. The WFOV requirement and the need to maximize both collection aperture (F/1.28) and spectral input band (0.4 to 1.1 {mu}m) to meet the light gathering needs for the dimmest star have dictated the use of a novel concentric optical design, which employs a fiber optic faceplate field flattener. The main advantage of the WFOV configuration is the smaller star map required for position processing, which results in less processing power and faster matching. Additionally, a size and mass benefit is seen with a larger FOV/smaller effective focal length (efl) sensor. Prototype hardware versions have included both image intensified and un-intensified CCD cameras. Integration times of {le} 50 msec have been demonstrated with both the intensified and un-intensified versions. 3 refs., 16 figs.
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> : A Diffusible Sex Factor (1970)

A hormone-like substance is secreted by alpha mating-type cells of heterothallic yeast strains. It induces in cells of the opposite mating type, a, a morphological change characteristic of the mating process. Secretion of this substance and mating ability have some common genetic determinants. In partially purified preparations, the substance has properties of an oligopeptide.
FORTRESS: Adding Intrusion-Resilience to Primary-Backup Server Systems (2012)

Primary-backup replication enables arbitrary services, which need not be built as deterministic state machines, to be reliable against server crashes. Further, when the primary does not crash, the performance can be close to that of an un-replicated, 1-server system and is arguably far better than what state machine replication can offer. These advantages have made primary-backup replication a widely used technique in commercial provisioning of services, even though the technique assumes that residual software bugs in a server system can lead only to crashes and cannot result in state corruption. This assumption cannot hold against an attacker intent on exploiting vulnerabilities and corrupting the service state when attacks lead to intrusions. This paper presents a system, called FORTRESS, which can encapsulate a primary-backup system and safeguard it from being intruded. At its core, FORTRESS applies proactive obfuscation techniques in a manner appropriate to primary-backup replication and deploys proxy servers for additional defence. Gain in intrusion resilience is shown to be substantial when assessed through analytical evaluations and simulations for a range of attacker scenarios. Further, by implementing two web-based applications, the average performance drop is demonstrated to be in the order of tens of milliseconds even when obfuscation intervals are as small as tens of seconds.
Copper-Based Nanowire Materials:  Templated Syntheses, Characterizations, and Applications (2005)

Well-aligned Cu(OH)2 nanoribbon and CuO nanorod arrays have been prepared on copper substrates by liquid-solid reactions. The effects of temperature, reaction time, solvent, and pH value on the morphology and composition of the products are systematically studied. Using the Cu(OH)2 nanoribbons array as a reactive and sacrificial template, we have successfully synthesized Cu2O, Cu9S8, and Cu nanoribbon/ nanowire arrays, demonstrating the versatility of the template. The extensive series of copper-based one-dimensional nanomaterials have been fully characterized by various structural, microscopic, and spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, the Cu nanowires are demonstrated to be an excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate with a sensitivity over an order of magnitude higher than that of a common roughened copper electrode.
Living carbocationic polymerization of <i>p</i>‐halostyrenes. III. Syntheses and characterization of novel thermoplastic elastomers of isobutylene and <i>p</i>‐chlorostyrene (1990)

Abstract Novel linear and three‐arm star radial thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) comprising rubbery polyisobutylene (PIB) center blocks connected to glassy poly( p ‐chlorostyrene) (PpClSt) outer blocks have been synthesized by sequential monomer addition. For triblock polymer synthesis isobutylene (IB) was added continuously to a bifunctional initiating system (dicumylmethyl ether/TiCl 4 ) dissolved in CH 3 Cl/methylcyclohexane solvent mixture at –80°C. After the living PIB sequence has reached the desired molecular weight p ‐chlorostyrene (pClSt) was added to produce the PpClSt end blocks. The synthesis conditions for the TPEs were developed with the help of model experiments using the 2‐chloro‐2,4,4‐trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/TiCl 4 initiating system and subsequent PIB‐PpClSt diblock syntheses. The triblock and radiol block polymers after solvent extraction exhibited excellent TPE characteristics. Copolymer compositions were determined by 1 H‐NMR and UV spectroscopy and further characterization was carried out by GPC, DSC, DMTA, and selective solvent extraction techniques. The TPEs exhibit two T g 's characteristic of glassy PpClSt (129°C) and rubbery PIB (−70°C) segments. Cast TPE films were clear and gave tensile strengths of 1.2‐21 MPa with elongations of 460–1500%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of a triblock polymer containing ca. 38 wt % PpClSt suggests cylindrical PpClSt domains of 40–70 nm length and 25–35 nm diam embedded in a PIB matrix.
Racing and pacing to idle (2013)

We examine the problem of assigning computing resources to an application to meet a performance goal while minimizing energy consumption. We present a general formulation of this problem as a linear program, discuss several potential heuristic solutions, and evaluate these heuristics on two real systems (one purchased in 2010, the other in 2013). We find that the well-known race-to-idle heuristic is close to the optimal solution on the older machine. On the newer machine, however, the optimal solution outperforms race-to-idle by over 35%. A generalization of race-to-idle, called pace-to-idle, is found to provide better results in a wider range of scenarios.
Preparation of On-Column Frits in Packed Fused Silica Capillaries by Sol-Gel Technology (1999)

Existing methods for preparing frits in packed fused silica capillaries as used for electrochromatography and micro HPLC are not applicable to all silica based packing materials and involve a high thermal stress for both the stationary phase and the fused silica tubing including the polyimide coating. A new procedure for the production of such on-column frits under mild conditions by a sol-gel type reaction of polydimethoxysiloxane (PDMOS) is described in this paper. Reaction conditions were established for optimum mechanical stability and high permeability of the frits. Frits produced in this manner showed no noticeable effect on the overall efficiency.
Accurate measurement of high-speed package and interconnect parasitics (2003)

Various ideal structures such as small resistors, shorts, and transmission lines are used to verify the calibration of the measurement instrument at the probe tip. Typical measurements of package and interconnect performance are demonstrated, and sample measurements are made, including time domain reflectometry, propagation delay, isolation, and bypassing of power lines. Measurement results are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photochromic Polymers for Optical Data Storage: Azobenzenes and Photodimers (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Holographic data storage using trans-cis-isomerization: azobenzenes Concluding remarks References
Advanced combustion systems for stationary gas turbine engines. Volume II. Bench scale evaluation. Final report September 1976-January 1978 (1980)

The reports describe an exploratory development program to identify, evaluate, and demonstrate dry techniques for significantly reducing NOx emissions from stationary gas turbine combustors. (Volume 1 documents the research activities leading to selection of 26 combustor design concepts which could potentially meet the program goals.) Volume 2 documents the Phase II bench-scale evaluation of those concepts to experimentally evaluate their emission reduction potential. Results from the testing program identified two design approaches capable of significant emission reduction. A staged centertube design, relying on burner operation near the lean blowout limit, gave low NOx and CO emissions on clean No. 2 fuel oil, but was ineffective for fuels containing bound nitrogen. A rich-burn/quick-quench (RB/QQ) design, producing a fuel-rich primary zone and quickly quenching the effluent from that region to the high overall excess air conditions required by the gas turbine cycle, successfully controls NOx from both thermal and fuel-bound sources while maintaining low CO emissions for high thermal efficiency. The RB/QQ concept was selected for scaleup to full size hardware in Phases III and IV.
Fractionation of proteins with modified membranes. (1996)

The fractionation of two proteins, either positively charged (Lysozyme) or negatively charged (bovine serum albumin, BSA) was investigated by varying the ionic strength with unmodified or positively charged inorganic ultrafiltration membranes. Chemical modification was obtained by coating of polyvinylimidazole which amine groups reacted further with bisepoxiranes in order to have both partly quaternized amine group and pH stable network on membrane surface. The retention of the single protein decreases, with ionic strength when electrostatic interactions between the free protein in the bulk and the adsorbed protein onto the membrane are occurring. An increase of single protein retention with modified membranes appears at high ionic strength due to hydrophobic interactions between proteins and polymer coating. For protein mixtures, at low ionic strength (0.015), observed selectivities are more than 10 whatever the membrane used; both membrane fouling and protein-protein interactions occur in the protein mixture. At intermediate (0.25 M) and high (1 M) ionic strengths, the observed selectivity with modified membranes remains stable (about 6) whereas selectively with unmodified membranes decreases and is close to size selectivity. Hence the fractionation of proteins with modified membranes remains satisfactory in the entire range of ionic strengths due to ionic and salt promoted interactions between protein and membranes.
Maternal Iron Deficiency Worsens the Associative Learning Deficits and Hippocampal and Cerebellar Losses in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (2015)

Supporting our previous work, gestational ID exacerbates the associative learning deficits in this rat model of FASD. This is strongly associated with cellular reductions within the ECC neurocircuitry. Significant learning impairments in FASD could be the consequence, in part, of pregnancies in which the mother was also iron inadequate.
Elastic Lidar: Theory, Practice, and Analysis Methods (2004)

Preface. Definitions. 1. Atmospheric Properties. 1.1 Atmospheric Structure. 1.2 Atmospheric Properties. 2. Light Propagation in the Atmosphere. 2.1 Light Extinction and Transmittance. 2.2 Total and Directional Elastic Scattering of the Light Bean. 2.3 Light Scattering by Molecules and Particulates: Inelastic Scattering. 2.4 Light Absorption by Molecules and Particulates. 3. Fundamentals of the Lidar Technique. 3.1 Introduction to the Lidar Technique. 3.2 Lidar Equation and Its Constituents. 3.3 Elastic Lidar Hardware. 3.4 Practical Lidar Issues. 3.5 Eye Safety Issues and Hardware. 4. Detectors, Digitizers, Electronics. 4.1 Detectors. 4.2 Electric Circuits for Optical Detectors. 4.3 A-D Converters/Digitizers. 4.4 General. 5. Analytical Solutions of the Lidar Equation. 5.1 Simple Lidar-Equation Solution for a Homogene ous. 5.2 Basic Transformation of the Elastic Lidar Equation. 5.3 Lidar Equation Solution for a Single-Component Heterogeneous Atmosphere. 5.4 Lidar Equation Solution for a Two-Component Atmosphere. 5.5 Which Solution is Best? 6. Uncertainty Estimation for Lidar Measurements. 6.1 Uncertainty for the Slope Method. 6.2 Lidar Measurement Uncertainty in a Two-Component Atmosphere. 6.3 Background Constituent in the Original Lidar Signal and Lidar Signal Averaging. 7. Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio. 7.1 Exploration of the Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio on the Inversion Result. 7.2 Influence of Uncertainty in the Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio. 8. Lidar Examination of Clear and Moderately Turbid Atmospheres. 8.1 One-Directional Lidar Measurements: Methods and Problems. 8.2 Inversion Techniques for a Spotted Atmosphere. 9. Multiangle Methods for Extinction Coefficient Determination. 9.1 Angle-Dependent Lidar Equation and Its Basic Solution. 9.2 Solution for the Layer-Integrated Form of the Angle-Dependent Lidar Equation. 9.3 Solution for the Two-Angle layer-Integrated Form of the Lidar Equation. 9.4 Two-Angle Solution for the Angle-Independent Lidar Equation. 9.5 High-Altitude Tropospheric Measurements with Lidar. 9.6 Which Method Us the Best? 10. Differential Absorption Lidar Technique (DIAL). 10.1 DIAL Processing Technique: Fundamentals. 10.2 DIAL Processing Technique: Problems. 10.3 Other Techniques for DIAL Data Processing. 11. Hardware Solutions to the Inversion Problem. 11.1 Use of N2 Raman Scattering for Extinction Measurement. 11.2 Resolution of Particulate and Molecular Scattering by Filtration. 11.3 Multiple-Wavelength Lidars. 12. Atmospheric Parameters from Elastic Lidar Data. 12.1 Visual Range in Horizontal Directions. 12.2 Visual Range in Slant Directions. 12.3 Temperature measurements. 12.4 Boundary Layer Height Determination. 12.5 Cloud Boundary Determination. 13. Wind Measurement Methods from Elastic Lidar Data. 13.1 Correlation Methods to Determine Wind Speed and Direction. 13.2 Edge Technique. 13.3 Fringe Imaging Technique. 13.4 Kinetic Energy, Dissipation Rate, and Divergence. Bibliography. Index.
Minimum areas and leaf determination (1952)

Abstract In shoot apices of Lupinus albus the greater part of the presumptive area of I2, the leaf due to arise next but one, was confined between vertical radial cuts as nearly as possible 100° apart. No leaf was formed between the cuts except in apices near to flowering, in which the leaves are always much smaller. But when, in addition, the growing-point of the apex was destroyed by a shallow split, then I2 always arose between the confining cuts. In Euphorbia lathyris the greater part of the presumptive area of one of the I2's was similarly confined between cuts intended to be 70° apart. In nine apices in which the arcs between the cuts were found afterwards to range from 58 to 88°, no leaf was formed in the confined region. In one apex in which the arc was 99°, an I2 was formed between the cuts. In eleven apices of Lupinus albus the central part of P1, the youngest visible leaf, was removed by two sloping cuts or destroyed by a prick. The angles P2-I1 and I1-I2 were not changed at all by the operation. The angle I2-I3 diminished by 3°.4, indicating a slight shift of I3 towards the wound which is interpreted as due to an increase of available space. It is concluded, in agreement with previous conclusions, that in Lupinus, Euphorbia, and probably in most dicotyledons, a leaf is determined only when there is available a space on the apex far enough below the growing-point and covering some minimum arc. This arc is estimated at 122° in non-flowering lupin apices with intact growing-points. It is also concluded that in Lupinus the central parts of young leaves do not repel the centres of leaves about to arise. Leaf determination in these plants is further discussed in comparison with plants of other groups.
Oct-3/4 Expression Reflects Tumor Progression and Regulates Motility of Bladder Cancer Cells (2008)

Cancer and embryonic stem cells exhibit similar behavior, including immortal, undifferentiated, and invasive activities. Here, we show that in clinical samples bladder tumors with intense expression of stem cell marker Oct-3/4 (also known as POU5F1) are associated with further disease progression, greater metastasis, and shorter cancer-related survival compared with those with moderate and low expressions. Expression of Oct-3/4 is detected in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma samples and cell lines. Overexpression of Oct-3/4 enhances, whereas knockdown of Oct-3/4 expression by RNA interference reduces, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Oct-3/4 can up-regulate fibroblast growth factor-4 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and MMP-13 production, which may contribute to tumor metastasis. Finally, we show that Ad5WS4, an E1B-55 kD-deleted adenovirus driven by the Oct-3/4 promoter, exerts potent antitumor activity against bladder cancer in a syngeneic murine tumor model. Therefore, our results implicate that Oct-3/4 may be useful as a novel tumor biological and prognostic marker and probably as a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
Stable and Metastable Equilibria in the System SiO <sub>2</sub> ‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1975)

Concentration profiles of Al 2 O 3 in diffusion couples made from sapphire and fused silica were used to determine the stable equilibrium phase diagram of the system SiO 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 . The intermediate compound mullite, 3Al 2 O 3 · 2SiO 2 , melts incongruently at 1828°± 10°C; its stable solid‐solution region ranges from 70.5 to 74.0 wt% Al 2 O 3 below 1753°C and from 71.6 to 74.0 wt% at 1813°C. The microstructures of diffusion zones and heat‐treated specimens also indicate the incongruency of mullite. Additional information is given for 3 metastable systems: SiO 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 , in the absence of mullite, SiO 2 ‐“ordered”‐mullite in the absence of alumina, and SiO 2 ‐“disordered”‐mullite in the absence of alumina. Under metastable conditions, ordered mullite melts congruently at = 1880°C and its solid‐solution range extends up to = 77 wt% Al 2 O 3 . The solid‐solution range of disordered mullite extends to ∼ 83 wt% Al 2 O 3 with an estimated congruent melting temperature of ∼ 1900°C. The existence of metastable systems is associated with superheating of mullite above the incongruent melting temperature and with nucleation of alumina and mullite in supercooled aluminum‐silicate liquids.
Formation of gold nanoparticles in polymeric nanowires by low-temperature thermolysis of gold mesitylene (2011)

The formation of polymer nanowires containing metal nanoparticle chains by low-temperature thermolyses of metal precursors has remained challenging. We report the block copolymer-assisted generation of locally regular chains of quasi-spherical gold nanoparticles with narrow particle diameter distribution by mild thermolysis of the non-polar gold precursor gold mesitylene inside the cylindrical nanopores of self-ordered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO). The block copolymer separates the gold mesitylene as well as the developing gold nanoparticles from the AAO pore walls so that surface nucleation and pinning of gold clusters are prevented. Growing quasi-spherical gold nanoparticles locally deform the polymer chains irreversibly adsorbed on the AAO pore walls, and the polymer chains are pushed into the space between the gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles have, therefore, larger diameters and smaller specific surface than hypothetical pluglike gold entities with the same volume, the formation of which is suppressed.
IP-based handover management over heterogeneous wireless networks (2004)

Mobile users are facing the fact that many heterogenous radio access technologies coexist, ranging from wireless LANs to cellular systems. No technology has emerged as a common and universal solution which makes the current trends today toward the design of all-IP wireless networks, where radio cells are under the control of IP access routers for signalling and data transmission. In such networks, an IP-device with multiple radio interfaces or software radio can roam between different radio networks regardless the heterogeneity of their radio access technologies. The design of an all-IP wireless network requires an efficient and flexible handover management. A major issue in handover control is reducing data losses and avoiding additional end to end transmission delays. In this paper we propose mechanisms to handle soft-handover management in the IP layer which can coexist with mobile IPv6 and allow efficient micro mobility management.
Performance of a sequentially deposited Ti/TiN/AlCuSi metallization structure (2002)

The electrical and physical properties of a sequentially deposited Ti/TiN/AlSiCu metallization structure are described. Emphasis is on the barrier properties of this multilayer film structure as function of the thickness, stoichiometry, resistance uniformity, bulk resistivity, stress, and deposition temperature. The leakage current was measured to be less than 100 pA before and after thermal stressing in the 450 degrees C to 550 degrees C range. Deposition temperature was found to have the greatest effect on film properties. Characterization results were verified on SRAM production lots. Barrier integrity was found to be stable at temperatures up to 550 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AMSQM: Adaptive multiple super-page queue management (2008)

Super-Pages have been wandering around for more than a decade. There are some particular operating systems that support Super-Paging and there are some recent research papers that show interesting ideas how to intelligently integrate them; however, nowadays Operating System’s page replacement mechanism still uses the old Clock algorithm which gives the same priority to small and large pages. In this paper we show a technique that enhances the page replacement mechanism to an algorithm based on more parameters and is suitable for a Super-Paging environment.