gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Chitosan Coatings on Polypropylene Mesh for Implantation in a Rat Abdominal Wall Model (2013)

Hernia repair and pelvic floor reconstruction are usually accompanied with the implantation of a surgical mesh, which frequently results in a foreign body response with associated complications. An ideal surgical mesh that allows force generation of muscle tissues without significant granulation tissue and/or fibrosis is of significant clinical interest. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo responses of a chitosan coating on polypropylene mesh (Ch-PPM) in comparison with commercially available meshes. We found that application of a 0.5% (w/v) Ch-PPM elicited preferential attachment of myoblasts over fibroblast attachment in vitro. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that 0.5% Ch-PPM will encourage skeletal muscle tissue ingrowth and decrease fibrosis formation in vivo. We implanted 0.5% Ch-PPM, collagen-coated polypropylene mesh (Pelvitex™; C.R. Bard), and polypropylene (Avaulta Solo(®); C.R. Bard) alone using a rat abdominal defect model. Force generation capacity and inflammatory response of each mesh were evaluated 2, 4, and 12 weeks postimplantation. We found that chitosan coating is associated with the restoration of functional skeletal muscle with histomorphologic characteristics that resemble native muscle and an early macrophage phenotypic response that has previously been shown to lead to more functional outcomes.
NB-3/Notch1 Pathway via Deltex1 Promotes Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation into Oligodendrocytes (2004)

Neurons and glia in the vertebrate central nervous system arise in temporally distinct, albeit overlapping, phases. Neurons are generated first followed by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from common progenitor cells. Increasing evidence indicates that axon-derived signals spatiotemporally modulate oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin formation. Our previous observations demonstrate that F3/contactin is a functional ligand of Notch during oligodendrocyte maturation, revealing the existence of another group of Notch ligands. Here, we establish that NB-3, a member of the F3/contactin family, acts as a novel Notch ligand to participate in oligodendrocyte generation. NB-3 triggers nuclear translocation of the Notch intracellular domain and promotes oligodendrogliogenesis from progenitor cells and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via Deltex1. In primary oligodendrocytes, NB-3 increases myelin-associated glycoprotein transcripts. Thus, the NB-3/Notch signaling pathway may prove to be a molecular handle to treat demyelinating diseases.
A one‐point intrinsic viscosity method for polyethylene and polypropylene (1970)

Abstract A statistical analysis of dilute solution viscosity data for a wide range of polyethylene and polypropylene samples in Decalin at 135°C has shown that the Martin equation fits the experimental data better than the Huggins equation at higher values of [η] c . A grand average k of 0.139 is applicable to both polymers. Based upon this, tables have been calculated permitting the ready determination of [η] from a single relative viscosity measurement at a known concentration. The Martin equation has been put into a universal form, permitting [η] to be calculated from a measured η sp if k and c are known. Graphs relating η sp to [η] are included for use of the Martin equation over wide ranges of both k and c . It was found that the Solomon and Ciuta equation fits the experimental polyethylene and polypropylene data, and the reasons for this are discussed.
Oriental Rat Fleas: Evaluation of Three Systemic Insecticides in Baits for Control on Cotton Rats in Outdoor Pens12 (1974)

Journal Article Oriental Rat Fleas: Evaluation of Three Systemic Insecticides in Baits for Control on Cotton Rats in Outdoor Pens Get access P. H. Clark, P. H. Clark Insects Affecting Man Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Gainesville, Florida 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. M. Cole M. M. Cole Insects Affecting Man Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Gainesville, Florida 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 67, Issue 2, 1 April 1974, Pages 235–236, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/67.2.235 Published: 01 April 1974 Article history Received: 23 July 1973 Published: 01 April 1974
Production of human-human hybridomas secreting antibody to sheep erythrocytes after <i>in vitro</i> immunization. (1984)

This report describes the formation of human hybridomas after in vitro immunization of tonsillar lymphocytes and fusion of the stimulated lymphocytes with a human lymphoblastoid cell line, WI-L279HF2. Lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and polyclonal activators (PCA). By varying the duration of in vitro immunization before fusion and varying the PCA concentrations, the optimal conditions for cell fusion, hybrid cell growth, nonspecific immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, and secretion of antibody to SRBC were determined. Lymphocytes cultured allogeneically at 5 X 10(6) cells per well in 24-well plates with SRBC and PCA (PWM, 1/10,000 dilution or LPS, 5 micrograms/ml) fused with the greatest efficiency. PWM-stimulated cultures fused on day 6 of in vitro stimulation yielded the greatest number of wells containing Ig-secreting hybridomas, whereas LPS-stimulated cultures produced more wells with hybridomas secreting Ig when fused on day 7 of stimulation. In vitro stimulation conducted in tissue culture flasks produced fewer wells with hybrid cell growth and Ig secretion. A fusion ratio of 1:1 (lymphocyte:WI-L2729HF2) yielded the most hybrid formation. Ig levels in wells with hybrid cell growth varied greatly, from less than 10 ng/ml up to 30 micrograms/ml. Ig of IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes were produced. The addition of lymphocyte conditioned medium to in vitro immunization cultures does not improve the yield of Ig-secreting hybridomas. Hybrid cells secreting antibody to SRBC were cloned and analyzed for HLA specificities and chromosome numbers. Additionally hybridoma cells were formed after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of normal individuals by fusion of the stimulated lymphocytes with WI-L2-729HF2. Hybridoma formation with PBL was less successful, but hybridoma cells secreting antibody to SRBC after in vitro stimulation were isolated.
Mast Cell Degranulation as a Major Event in the Effector Phase of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Induced by Cloned Helper T Cells (1988)

A kinetic study (0-72 h) was performed on the cellular composition of the exudate in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by the injection of cloned helper T cells into the footpad of C57BL/6J mice. In this model the reaction was maximal at 24 h, as assessed by local swelling. After an initial phase of inflammatory cell infiltration, we observed pronounced degranulation of mast cells, occurring at 15-19 h. Administration of antihistamines shortly before this time significantly inhibited the increase in footpad thickness at 24 h, suggesting mast cell mediators as a major cause of swelling in DTH. Furthermore, a new arrival of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, was clearly correlated with mast cell degranulation. The latter, which might function to suppress local reactions, persisted as the only intact cell type after 48 h. Supplementary examination of peripheral blood smears showed successive peaks of neutrophils (at 3 h), monocytes (at 15 h) and finally eosinophils (after 20 h). These results suggest a local and systemic cascade in DTH which depends on mast cell degranulation for its full expression.
Amortized Inference in Probabilistic Reasoning (2014)

Recent studies of probabilistic reasoning have postulated general-purpose inference algorithms that can be used to answer arbitrary queries.These algorithms are memoryless, in the sense that each query is processed independently, without reuse of earlier computation.We argue that the brain operates in the setting of amortized inference, where numerous related queries must be answered (e.g., recognizing a scene from multiple viewpoints); in this setting, memoryless algorithms can be computationally wasteful.We propose a simple form of flexible reuse, according to which shared inferences are cached and composed together to answer new queries.We present experimental evidence that humans exploit this form of reuse: the answer to a complex query can be systematically predicted from a person's response to a simpler query if the simpler query was presented first and entails a sub-inference (i.e., a sub-component of the more complex query).People are also faster at answering a complex query when it is preceded by a sub-inference.Our results suggest that the astonishing efficiency of human probabilistic reasoning may be supported by interactions between inference and memory.
Statistical Analysis For FEM EEG Source Localization in Realistic Head Models (2000)

Estimating the location and distribution of electric current sources within the brain from electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings is an ill-posed inverse problem. The ill-posed nature of the inverse EEG problem is due to the lack of a unique solution such that dierent congurations of sources can generate identical external electric elds. In this paper we consider a spatio-temporal model, taking advantage of the entire EEG time series to reduce the extent of the conguration space we must evaluate. We apply the recently derived infomax algorithm for performing Independent Component Analysis (ICA) on the time-dependent EEG data. This algorithm separates multichannel EEG data into activation maps due to temporally independent stationary sources. For every activation map we perform a source localization procedure, looking only for a single dipole per map, thus dramatically reducing the search complexity. An added benet of our ICA preprocessing step is that we obtain an a priori estimation of the number of independent sources producing the measured signal.
Endocrine and carbohydrate responses to interleukin-6 in vivo. (1994)

The role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in carbohydrate metabolism beyond its inhibition of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase has not been widely pursued. To describe such IL-6 effects, we examined in the rat the responses of plasma corticosterone, glucagon, insulin, and glucose levels and the hepatic glycogen content 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after intravenous injection of recombinant human IL-6. The effect to increase plasma corticosterone was consonant with the well-known action of IL-6 on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex. IL-6 produced a transient increase in plasma glucagon that was mirrored by elevated plasma glucose and a depletion of hepatic glycogen. Plasma insulin levels were not elevated within the first hour after IL-6 injection but were significantly elevated 90 min and beyond. We suggest that the stimulus for increased circulating insulin was elevated plasma glucose, rather than a direct effect of IL-6. The results demonstrate that IL-6, acting directly on peripheral organs and/or through the central nervous system (CNS) can alter the hormonal and carbohydrate milieu. We propose that these actions of IL-6 are one aspect of its role in the acute phase response.
Find Problems before They Find You with AnnotatorPro’s Monitoring Functionalities (2017)

We present a tool for annotation of linguistic data. AnnotatorPro offers both complete monitoring functionalities (e.g. inter-annotator agreement and agreement with respect to a gold standard) and highly flexible task design (e.g. token and document level annotation, adjudication and reconciliation procedures). We teste AnnotatorPro in several industrial annotation scenarios, coupled with Active Learning techniques.
A simple single model for quartz crystal resonator low level drive sensitivity and monolithic filter intermodulation (1994)

The nature of the observed phenomenon of "starting resistance" is reviewed, along with the accompanying experimental evidence of high drive-level altering and sometime "curing" of the malady. A simple phenomenological model is proposed, and then it is shown that this model does indeed predict all of the observed properties of starting resistance with the exception of "high-drive curing". This same model is then shown to predict the low level intermodulation effects seen in monolithic crystal filters. The ability to predict both starting resistance and intermodulation phenomena with the same model is taken as an indication that both phenomena have a common cause. Explanations of high-drive-level curing of the phenomena are contemplated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chitosan for Gene Delivery and Orthopedic Tissue Engineering Applications (2013)

Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genetic material into cells in order exert a therapeutic effect. The application of gene therapy to the field of orthopaedic tissue engineering is extremely promising as the controlled release of therapeutic proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins have been shown to stimulate bone repair. However, there are a number of drawbacks associated with viral and synthetic non-viral gene delivery approaches. One natural polymer which has generated interest as a gene delivery vector is chitosan. Chitosan is biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic. Much of the appeal of chitosan is due to the presence of primary amine groups in its repeating units which become protonated in acidic conditions. This property makes it a promising candidate for non-viral gene delivery. Chitosan-based vectors have been shown to transfect a number of cell types including human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Aside from its use in gene delivery, chitosan possesses a range of properties that show promise in tissue engineering applications; it is biodegradable, biocompatible, has anti-bacterial activity, and, its cationic nature allows for electrostatic interaction with glycosaminoglycans and other proteoglycans. It can be used to make nano- and microparticles, sponges, gels, membranes and porous scaffolds. Chitosan has also been shown to enhance mineral deposition during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. The purpose of this review is to critically discuss the use of chitosan as a gene delivery vector with emphasis on its application in orthopedic tissue engineering.
SpWA: An Efficient Sparse Winograd Convolutional Neural Networks Accelerator on FPGAs (2018)

FPGAs have been an efficient accelerator for CNN inference due to its high performance, flexibility, and energy-efficiency. To improve the performance of CNNs on FPGAs, fast algorithms and sparse methods emerge as the most attractive alternatives, which can effectively reduce the complexity of CNNs. Using fast algorithms, the feature maps are transformed to special domain to reduce the arithmetic complexity. On the other hand, compressing CNN models by pruning the unimportant connections reduces both storage and arithmetic complexity.In this paper, we introduce sparse Winograd convolution accelerator (SpWA) combining these two orthogonal approaches on FPGAs. First, we employ a novel dataflow by rearranging the filter layout in Winograd convolution. Then we design an efficient architecture to implement SpWA using line buffer design and Compress-Sparse-Column (CSC) format-based processing element. Finally, we propose an efficient algorithm based on dynamic programming to balance the computation among different processing elements. Experimental results on VGG16 and YOLO network show a 2.9x~3.1x speedup compared with state-of-the-art technique.
Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides in Energy Storage and Conversion (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500286.].
A 200×200 CCD image sensor fabricated on high-resistivity silicon (2002)

A charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor fabricated on high-resistivity silicon is described. The resistivity, about 10,000 /spl Omega/-cm, allows for operation of the CCD with the entire 300 /spl mu/m substrate depleted. This results in better red to near infrared response when compared to conventional and thinned CCDs. In addition the CCD has good blue response when back illuminated. Since the substrate is fully depleted, thinning, with its inherent difficulties, is not necessary in order to enhance blue response.
A novel route towards high yield 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose catalyzed by a mixture of Lewis and Brönsted acids (2014)

The formed fructose-phosphate-AlCl<sub>3</sub>complex dehydrates along the pathway to 5-HMF in the presence of a high proton concentration provided by H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, leading to a high yield of 5-HMF.
Ultrastructure of type VI collagen in human skin and cartilage suggests an anchoring function for this filamentous network. (1988)

An mAb was used in conjunction with immunoelectron microscopy to study the ultrastructure and distribution of the type VI collagen network. Type VI collagen in femoral head and costal cartilage was found distributed throughout the matrix but concentrated in areas surrounding chondrocytes. Three-dimensional information gained from high voltage stereo pair electron microscopy showed that the type VI collagen network in skin was organized into a highly branched, open, filamentous network that encircled interstitial collagen fibers, but did not appear to interact directly with them. Type VI collagen was also found concentrated near basement membranes of nerves, blood vessels, and fat cells although in a less organized state. Labeling was conspicuously reduced close to the epithelial basement membrane in the region of the anchoring fibrils. No labeling of basement membranes was seen. Based on these observations it is suggested that the type VI collagen forms a flexible network that anchors large interstitial structures such as nerves, blood vessels, and collagen fibers into surrounding connective tissues.
Monte Carlo simulation of ion implantation damage process in silicon (2002)

In this paper is reported for the first time a rigorous physically based ion implantation damage model which successfully predicts both the as-implanted impurity profiles (SIMS) and the damage profiles (RBS) for a wide range of implant conditions for arsenic, boron and BF/sub 2/ implants. In addition, the amorphous layer thicknesses predicted by this new damage model for high dose implants are also in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. This new damage model explicitly simulates the defect production and its subsequent evolution into the experimentally observable profiles. The detailed nature of the new damage model has provided much insight into the fundamental physical processes involved in implantation damage, and could also serve as a basis for further applications such as defect engineering.
SugarMap (2013)

Micro-aerial vehicle (MAV) swarms are emerging as a new class of mobile sensor networks with many potential applications such as urban surveillance, disaster response, radiation monitoring, etc., where the swarm is tasked with collaboratively covering a hazardous unknown environment. However, efficient collaborative coverage is challenging due to limited individual sensing, computing and communication resources of MAV sensor nodes, and lack of location infrastructure in the unknown application environment. We present SugarMap, a novel system that enables such resource-constrained MAV nodes to achieve efficient sensing coverage. The self-establishing system uses approximate motion models of mobile nodes in conjunction with radio signatures from self-deployed stationary anchor nodes to create a common coverage map. Consequently, the system coordinates node movements to reduce sensing overlap and increase the speed and efficiency of coverage. The system uses particle filters to account for uncertainty in sensors and actuation of MAV nodes, and incorporates redundancy to guarantee coverage. Through large-scale simulations and a real implementation on the SensorFly MAV sensing platform, we show that SugarMap provides better coverage than the existing coverage approaches for MAV swarms.
Zero total dispersion in single‐mode optical fibers over an extended spectral range (1982)

The waveguide and material dispersion are investigated for various silica‐based single‐mode optical fibers with arbitrary refractive‐index profiles. It is shown that in the case of the doubly clad optical fiber with an index difference between the core and the outer cladding Δ 1 = 1.0% and that between the inner and the outer cladding Δ 2 = −1.0%, where the diameter of the core 2 a = 7.2 μm and the thickness of the inner cladding t = 1.1 μm, the total dispersion is reduced to within ±1 ps km −1 nm −1 over a wide spectral range of λ = 1.35–1.67 μm.
Antioxidant and Iron-Binding Properties of Curcumin, Capsaicin, and <i>S</i>-Allylcysteine Reduce Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain Homogenate (2008)

Research demonstrates that antioxidants and metal chelators may be of beneficial use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the antioxidant and metal-binding properties of curcumin, capsaicin, and S-allylcysteine, which are major components found in commonly used dietary spice ingredients turmeric, chilli, and garlic, respectively. The DPPH assay demonstrates that these compounds readily scavenge free radicals. These compounds significantly curtail iron- (Fe2+) and quinolinic acid (QA)-induced lipid peroxidation and potently scavenge the superoxide anion generated by 1 mM cyanide in rat brain homogenate. The ferrozine assay was used to measure the extent of Fe2+ chelation, and electrochemistry was employed to measure the Fe3+ binding activity of curcumin, capsaicin, and S-allylcysteine. Both assays demonstrate that these compounds bind Fe2+ and Fe3+ and prevent the redox cycling of iron, suggesting that this may be an additional method through which these agents reduce Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. This study demonstrates the antioxidant and metal-binding properties of these spice ingredients, and it is hereby postulate that these compounds have important implications in the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Neurovascular manifestations of heritable connective tissue disorders. A review. (1994)

Recognition of an underlying generalized connective tissue disorder may be of considerable importance, although marked phenotypic heterogeneity often complicates the diagnosis of these disorders. Conversely, the association of certain neurovascular anomalies with generalized connective tissue disorders and recognition of their basic molecular defect may offer clues to the etiology and pathogenesis of these neurovascular diseases in general.
Membrane, Cytosolic, and Nuclear Responses Induced By Oligogalacturonides in Suspension-cultured Carrot Cells (1994)

Oligogalacturonides were applied at a concentration of 0.2 mg m(-1) to Daucus carota cells and protoplasts. Fractions containing oligomers of degree of polymerisation greater than or equal to 9 in the presence of 150 mM NaCl and 0.5 mM CaCl2 (''high calcium'' conditions) triggered a cytosolic calcium mobilisation, membrane depolarisation and cytosolic acidification. These membrane and cytosolic events coincided with the accumulation of transcripts encoding phenylalanine ammonialyase and catalytic activation of the enzyme. The effect of signal transduction modulators were investigated on oligogalacturonide-induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme and gene activation in suspension-cultured carrot cells.