gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of antihistaminics as analgesics (1986)

This paper reviews the clinical information on antihistaminic agents as analgesics and as analgesic adjuvants. The evidence indicates a direct analgesic effect of various antihistaminics. In clinical studies, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, orphenadrine and pyrilamine have been shown to produce analgesia as simple entities but chlorpheniramine has not and results with phenyltoloxamine have been equivocal when tested alone. Analgesic adjuvant effects of several antihistaminics have been reported. Clinically, orphenadrine and phenyltoloxamine have shown adjuvant effects with acetaminophen and aspirin. The mechanism of action remains speculative. The most recent trends in the classification of histamine receptors and how these receptors may interact with pain modulation are also considered.
Soft scissors (2007)

We present Soft Scissors, an interactive tool for extracting alpha mattes of foreground objects in realtime. We recently proposed a novel offline matting algorithm capable of extracting high-quality mattes for complex foreground objects such as furry animals [Wang and Cohen 2007]. In this paper we both improve the quality of our offline algorithm and give it the ability to incrementally update the matte in an online interactive setting. Our realtime system efficiently estimates foreground color thereby allowing both the matte and the final composite to be revealed instantly as the user roughly paints along the edge of the foreground object. In addition, our system can dynamically adjust the width and boundary conditions of the scissoring paint brush to approximately capture the boundary of the foreground object that lies ahead on the scissor's path. These advantages in both speed and accuracy create the first interactive tool for high quality image matting and compositing.
Decontamination of water containing radiological warfare agents. Technical report, Nov 1949--Nov 1975 (1975)

This report summarizes research and development studies conducted by the U.S. Army since 1949 on the decontamination of water containing radiological substances. It was found that nuclear weapons can seriously contaminate field water supplies with fission products, unfissioned uranium or plutonium, or neutron-activated radioisotopes. A semiquantitative check of the level of activity in water can be made with a standard PDR-27 beta-gamma radiation meter. The standard Army ERDLator Unit is effective removing radioactive substances from water when present as suspended turbidity. The ERDLator Unit will not remove radioactive contaminants present as soluble radioisotopes. The standard Army Ion Exchange Unit, used as a post treatment device after the ERDLator Unit, removes soluble activity. The standard Army vapor compression distillation unit is effective in decontaminating water containing radioactive material. The reverse osmosis water purification process holds promise of a high level of decontamination of radioactivity present in the water in both the soluble and insoluble states. (GRA)
Methods for Processing High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Data (2014)

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods for analyzing RNA populations (RNA-Seq) are gaining rapid application to many experimental situations. The steps in an RNA-Seq experiment require thought and planning, especially because the expense in time and materials is currently higher and the protocols are far less routine than those used for other high-throughput methods, such as microarrays. As always, good experimental design will make analysis and interpretation easier. Having a clear biological question, an idea about the best way to do the experiment, and an understanding of the number of replicates needed will make the entire process more satisfying. Whether the goal is capturing transcriptome complexity from a tissue or identifying small fragments of RNA cross-linked to a protein of interest, conversion of the RNA to cDNA followed by direct sequencing using the latest methods is a developing practice, with new technical modifications and applications appearing every day. Even more rapid are the development and improvement of methods for analysis of the very large amounts of data that arrive at the end of an RNA-Seq experiment, making considerations regarding reproducibility, validation, visualization, and interpretation increasingly important. This introduction is designed to review and emphasize a pathway of analysis from experimental design through data presentation that is likely to be successful, with the recognition that better methods are right around the corner.
Large power grid analysis using domain decomposition (2006)

This paper presents domain decomposition (DD) technique for efficient simulation of large-scale linear circuits such as power distribution networks. Simulation results show that by integrating the proposed DD framework, existing linear circuit simulators can be extended to handle otherwise intractable systems
Characterization of AlGaAs microstructure fabricated by AlGaAs/GaAs micromachining (1994)

An AlGaAs/GaAs micromachining technique that is compatible with laser diode fabrication process is described. AlGaAs structural layers and GaAs sacrificial layers are prepared by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. Reactive dry etching with chlorine is used to fabricate high-aspect structures. Peroxide/ammonium hydroxide solution is used for selective etching of the sacrificial layer. Since the epitaxial layer has low stress, precise undeformed microstructures are obtained. Good compatibility with the LD process makes it possible to integrate microcantilever beams with LD's without degradation of LD characteristics. Microcantilever beams of AlGaAs are characterized by directly measuring stiffness and natural frequencies. A fracture test is also performed on the AlGaAs microcantilever beams. The average fracture stress of AlGaAs is found to be 1 GPa at 1% strain, which shows that the material is strong enough to support the micrometer scale structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement of the high‐temperature properties of an SEBS thermoplastic elastomer by chemical modification (2002)

Abstract A procedure was developed for benzoylating the polystyrene segments in polystyrene‐ b ‐poly(ethylene‐ co ‐butene)‐ b ‐polystyrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers. The products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and membrane osmometry. The mechanical properties of the parent and benzoylated copolymers, measured from 25 to 150°C, indicated that benzoylation increases the utility of the polymers at elevated temperatures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1203–1210, 2002
<title>Three-dimensional optical profiler using Nomarski interferometry</title> (1994)

An interferometric optical profiler using Nomarski microscopy has been developed for measuring surface roughness and 3-D profiles. A commercial Nomarski differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope is modified to add a quarter-wave plate for phase- shifting. Quantitative slope data can be obtained by utilizing phase shifting techniques that rotate the analyzer to change the phase difference between the two orthogonally polarized beams. The slope data is integrated to generate surface height. The instrument is insensitive to vibration. It has measured surface features with a repeatability of better than 1 nm in an ordinary laboratory environment without vibration isolation.
Self-waveguided blue light emission in <i>p</i>-sexiphenyl crystals epitaxially grown by mask-shadowing vapor deposition (1999)

Highly polarized and self-waveguided blue light emission was observed in oriented organic crystals of p-sexiphenyl (6P). The 6P molecules were epitaxially grown in needlelike crystals with a submillimeter length by mask-shadowing vapor deposition on the KCl (001) surface. In the crystals, the molecular axes are oriented parallel to the [110] direction of the KCl substrate and perpendicular to the needle axis of the crystal. Under ultraviolet excitation, the blue light emission was confined within the crystal and self-waveguided along the needle axis with the transverse-electric mode, then radiated from the tips of the needles. This self-waveguided emission in the crystal was based on the uniaxially oriented transition dipoles which lay on the KCl surface and were aligned perpendicular to the needle axis in the crystal.
Shell Filling and Exchange Coupling in Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

We report the characterization of electronic shell filling in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes by low-temperature transport measurements. Nanotube quantum dots with average conductance approximately (1-2)e(2)/h exhibit a distinct four-electron periodicity for electron addition as well as signatures of Kondo and inelastic cotunneling. The Hartree-Fock parameters that govern the electronic structure of metallic nanotubes are determined from the analysis of transport data using a shell-filling model that incorporates the nanotube band structure and Coulomb and exchange interactions.
<sup>19</sup>F NMR magnetization transfer between 5‐FBAPTA and its complexes. An alternative means for measuring free Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, and detection of complexes with protein in erythrocytes (1994)

The 19F NMR Ca(2+)-indicator molecule 5,5'-difluoro-1,2-bis(o- aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5-FBAPTA) was used in a procedure that enhances its range of applications to measuring free Ca2+ concentrations in buffer solutions and human erythrocytes. Even if the signal from the Ca-5-FBAPTA complex was not visible, the concentration of the complex could be calculated from saturation transfer spectra. This was demonstrated with well characterized buffer solutions in vitro and shown to also apply to concentrated haemolysates. The analysis required a precise estimate of the dissociation rate constant of the complex; this was found to be 295/s at 37 degrees C and the corresponding association rate constant was 4.1 x 10(8) L/mol/s. These values differ from those obtained previously in different buffer conditions and by two different NMR methods. A series of spectra were acquired from haemolysates containing 5-FBAPTA, in which saturating irradiation was applied at a frequency that was progressively off-set from the carrier frequency. Saturation transfer to the free 5-FBAPTA was seen from irradiation at frequencies different from that of Ca-5-FBAPTA, thus suggesting the presence of complexes with proteins.
Quantification of Short Term Signaling by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (1999)

During the past decade, our knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in growth factor signaling has proliferated almost explosively. However, the kinetics and control of information transfer through signaling networks remain poorly understood. This paper combines experimental kinetic analysis and computational modeling of the short term pattern of cellular responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in isolated hepatocytes. The experimental data show transient tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and transient or sustained response patterns in multiple signaling proteins targeted by EGFR. Transient responses exhibit pronounced maxima, reached within 15-30 s of EGF stimulation and followed by a decline to relatively low (quasi-steady-state) levels. In contrast to earlier suggestions, we demonstrate that the experimentally observed transients can be accounted for without requiring receptor-mediated activation of specific tyrosine phosphatases, following EGF stimulation. The kinetic model predicts how the cellular response is controlled by the relative levels and activity states of signaling proteins and under what conditions activation patterns are transient or sustained. EGFR signaling patterns appear to be robust with respect to variations in many elemental rate constants within the range of experimentally measured values. On the other hand, we specify which changes in the kinetic scheme, rate constants, and total amounts of molecular factors involved are incompatible with the experimentally observed kinetics of signal transfer. Quantitation of signaling network responses to growth factors allows us to assess how cells process information controlling their growth and differentiation.
Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases: a review of their role in tumorigenesis and tissue invasion. (1989)

We review the metalloproteinase/metalloproteinase inhibitor field, past work implicating metalloproteinases in invasion and metastasis, and our research using sense and antisense tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) RNA to manipulate TIMP expression. Experiments on murine 3T3 cell lines downmodulated for TIMP expression have revealed a role for TIMP in controlling tumorigenesis as well as invasion; in tumors that develop from these cell lines there is an apparent increase in expression of genes encoding metalloproteinases. Growth patterns of cells engineered to produce different levels of TIMP and the characteristics of tumor cell lines derived from cells downmodulated for TIMP expression have been investigated. The evidence that metalloproteinases are an essential contributor to the metastatic process, and that TIMP is a prominent regulator, is quite conclusive.
The molecular basis of E2F-1/DP-1-induced S-phase entry and apoptosis. (1996)

The transcription factor E2F plays a critical role in the G1 to S transition. E2F is a heterodimer formed by members of the E2F and DP families of DNA-binding proteins. Ectopic expression of E2F-1, the first member of the E2F family identified, is sufficient to cause quiescent cells to enter S phase. Thus, the biological significance of the interaction of E2F-1 with its DP protein partner, DP-1, was unclear. Here, we report on the role of DP-1 in the mediation of E2F-induced S-phase entry and apoptosis. Cells inducible for DP-1, E2F-1, or both were established and characterized. Ectopic expression of DP-1 alone fails to promote cell cycle entry, even when the potent transactivation domain of human papillomavirus-VP16 is fused to the DNA-binding domain of DP-1. In contrast, coexpression of DP-1 and E2F-1 results in greater loss of G1 regulation and significantly more apoptosis than does E2F-1 alone. Using clones co-inducible for DP-1 and E2F-1, expression of potential target genes of E2F activity that may account for its ability to induce S-phase entry was also examined. Induction of E2F-1/DP-1 resulted in increased expression and activity of cyclins A and E, as well as CDK2, prior to S-phase entry. Cyclin D and CDK4, however, were not induced. Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein is also increased following induction of E2F-1/DP-1, suggesting that E2F can feed-back on the retinoblastoma protein, presumably through activation of cyclin A- and/or E-associated kinase activity.
Can artificial intelligence help identify elder abuse and neglect? (2019)

A health care encounter is a potentially critical opportunity to detect elder abuse and initiate intervention. Unfortunately, health care providers currently very seldom identify elder abuse. Through development of advanced data analytics techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence has the potential to dramatically improve elder abuse identification in health care settings.
Successive hydrogenation of styrene at a palladium sheet electrode combined with electrochemical supply of hydrogen (1996)

H. Inoue, T. Abe and C. Iwakura, Chem. Commun., 1996, 55 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960000055
Sputter deposition of cathodes in organic light emitting diodes (1999)

Sputter deposition was employed for cathode preparation in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A thin film of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was found to be an effective buffer layer in preventing sputter damage to the OLED layer structure. However, the CuPc layer forms an electron-injection barrier with the underlying Alq layer, resulting in increased electron-hole recombination in the nonemissive CuPc layer, and thus a substantial reduction in electroluminescence efficiency. Incorporation of Li at the CuPc/Alq interface from a sputter-deposited Al (Li) cathode was found to reduce the injection barrier at the interface and make the overall device efficiency comparable to a device having an evaporated MgAg cathode. The devices exhibited good operational stability with a half lifetime greater than 3800 h at 20 mA/cm2.
Characterization of rat cellular retinol-binding protein II expressed in Escherichia coli. (1987)

Rat cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) is a small (15.6 kDa) intracellular protein that binds all-trans-retinol. In the adult rat, expression of the CRBP II gene is essentially limited to the small intestinal lining cells (enterocytes), suggesting that CRBP II may be uniquely adapted for intestinal metabolism of newly absorbed retinol. Functional and structural analysis of this protein has been hampered by difficulties in freeing rat intestinal CRBP II from its ligand without denaturation. To circumvent this problem, we have obtained efficient expression of rat apoCRBP II in Escherichia coli. The purified E. coli-derived apoprotein, when complexed with all-trans-retinol, demonstrates fluorescence excitation-emission spectra and absorption spectra indistinguishable from that of CRBP II-retinol isolated from rat intestine. Quantitative ligand binding studies were performed by monitoring either the fluorescence of bound retinol or the quenching of protein fluorescence. They revealed that E. coli-derived CRBP II binds retinol tightly (the apparent dissociation constant is estimated to be 10(-7)-10(-8) M), with a stoichiometry of 1:1. Fluorescence quenching studies used acrylamide as a probe for the exposure of the 4 tryptophan residues to solvent. The results indicate that although there is heterogeneity in the exposure of these 4 tryptophan residues to solvent, they are situated in a relatively nonpolar environment. These studies suggest that E. coli-derived apoCRBP II will serve as a useful model for studying retinol-protein interactions.
Reflections on Reflecting (2011)

I have conducted many evaluations in my consultancy over the last ten years. Some have been long term over several years and some have been one-off - 'help we need an evaluation if we are going to get funding to continue this program!' I have worked with health and community agencies to build their understanding and capacity for evaluation so they can undertake and/or manage program evaluation effectively. This article provides some reflections on evaluation based on my own experience. The aim is to give you some tips on conducting evaluations - whether you do this in-house, using a consultant or a university or a combination.
Virtual track: applications and challenges of the RFID system on roads (2014)

The RFID System on Roads (RSR), which includes RFID tags deployed on roads and RFID readers installed on vehicles, is an essential platform for future transportation systems. It can provide unique features that are missing from the current systems, including lane level position, road traffic control information, vehicle distance estimation, real time driving behavior analysis, and so on. Based on these features, several novel vehicular applications can be implemented, which can significantly improve the transportation safety and efficiency. Specifically, the proposed applications on RSR include Assisted Navigation Systems, Electrical Traffic Control, Unmanned Patrol Systems, Vehicle Distance Estimation, Parking Assistant System, Route Tracing and Access Control, Unmanned Ground Vehicles. We also investigate the corresponding engineering/system and research challenges for implementing RSR and its applications in this article.
<title>Endoscopic exploration and measurement in 3D radiological images</title> (1996)

A high-resolution 3D radiological image provides a virtual copy of the anatomy that can be used as an input to a computer-based image-analysis system. In particular, useful information can be obtained by interactively navigating through a 3D radiological image in a manner similar to an endoscopic examination. Traditional endoscopy, though, only provides views in restricted regions (e.g., inside hollow passages) and only offers limited exploration and quantitation. We present a computer-based endoscopic system, QUICKSEE, that heads toward overcoming these difficulties. QUICKSEE enables noninvasive unrestricted exploration of the virtual anatomy and can be useful as an anatomical quantitation tool. The system is particularly suited for analyzing complex 3D branching structures such as the pulmonary airways and coronary arteries. The paper describes the current form of QUICKSEE and provides examples of the system's use for 3D pulmonary analysis and 3D microCT imaging.
An LCD addressed by a-Si:H TFTs with peripheral poly-Si TFT circuits (2002)

Poly-Si TFTs of an inverted staggered structure are fabricated by peripheral laser annealing of plasma CVD a-Si:H films on SiN gate insulator. The side contact structure improves the TFT characteristics resulting in mobility of 20 cm/sup 2Vs and on/off ratio of 10/sup 6/. The fabrication process, carried out below 300/spl deg/C, is compatible with conventional a-Si TFT processes. The LCD using a switch matrix of poly Si TFTs has good performance and reduces the number of driver ICs by half.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on the integration of porous hydroxyapatite implants with bone (1998)

To determine if recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) can be adsorbed onto porous ceramic hydroxyapatite (HA) and promote the integration of HA to host bone, 54 subperiosteal pockets were created on the skulls of 19 adult Pasteurella-free white rabbits. Fourteen HA implants were saturated with saline and placed in subperiosteal pockets (control), 22 HA implants were saturated with saline and placed into subperiosteal pockets after burring 1–2 mm of calvarium to expose bleeding cancellous bone, and 18 HA implants were saturated with rhBMP-2 and placed into subperiosteal pockets. The animals were sacrificed at 1 month with examination to determine implant mobility. Histology was used to determine the amount of bone growth into the implant. Of the 14 control sites, 10 implants were found to be freely mobile, five demonstrated host bone resorption, and only one exhibited bone growth into the implant. Of the 22 burred sites, eight were freely mobile and 10 demonstrated bone growth into the implant (p = 0.04). Of the 18 rhBMP-2 sites, only two were freely mobile, none demonstrated host bone resorption, and 16 exhibited bone growth into the implant (p = 0.00002). This study supports the use of porous ceramic HA as a biocompatible, osteoconductive implant material for use in craniomaxillofacial augmentation and reconstruction. It also provides evidence that rhBMP-2 enhances osseointegration, thereby fixing the implant in position against the host–bone interface. In the clinical setting, osseous fixation of the implant should aid in preventing displacement, minimizing host bone resorption, and decreasing the incidence of extrusion. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 359–363, 1998.
Local branching-based algorithm for the disjunctively constrained knapsack problem (2009)

In this paper, we propose to solve large-scale disjunctively constrained knapsack problem. We investigate the use of the rounding solution procedure and an effective local branching. The method can be viewed as a combination of two complementary stages: (i) a rounding solution stage and (ii) a restricted exact solution procedure. The method is analyzed computationally on a set of problem instances of the literature and the provided results are compared to the best solutions of the literature. For these instances, most of which cannot be solved to proven optimality in a reasonable runtime, the proposed method is able to improve several solution values of these instances.