gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coronary intravascular ultrasound (1995)

Recent advances in microelectronic and piezoelectric technology have permitted development of miniaturized ultrasound devices capable of real-time tomographic intravascular imaging. Initial studies have successfully employed intravascular ultrasound to augment angiography in both diagnostic and therapeutic catheterization. The cross-sectional perspective of intravascular ultrasound appears to be ideally suited for precision measurements of luminal diameter and cross-sectional area. In addition, ultrasound improves assessment of problem lesions such as ostial stenoses or disease at bifurcations. Intravascular imaging provides unique, detailed cross-sectional images of the arterial wall not previously obtainable in vivo by any other technique and is more sensitive than angiography in detecting atherosclerosis. Intravascular ultrasound images of atherosclerotic wall abnormalities have the potential to augment greatly the understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of coronary disease. For interventional applications, ultrasound analysis of lesion characteristics offers many potential advantages. Evaluation of the normal reference segment used for device sizing constitutes an important emerging application for intravascular imaging. After the procedure, intravascular ultrasound often yields smaller luminal size measurements than angiography and greater of stenosis. These differences probably reflect augmentation of the apparent angiographic diameter by extraluminal contrast within cracks, fissures or dissection planes. New ultrasound instruments under development combine an imaging transducer with an interventional device, permitting on-line guidance during the procedure. Although the clinical value of routine ultrasound imaging before or after mechanical revascularization has not been tested by randomized trials, it seems likely that this new imaging modality will provide valuable insights into diverse phenomena such as abrupt occlusion and restenosis. Accordingly, we anticipate a continuing role for this modality in cardiovascular interventional therapy.
Garlic compounds modulate macrophage and T-lymphocyte functions. (1991)

Organosulfur compounds of garlic have been shown to inhibit growth of animal tumors and to modulate the activity of diverse chemical carcinogens. There is also evidence that garlic may modulate antitumor immunity. In this study, we determined the effects of an aqueous garlic extract and a protein fraction isolated from the extract on the chemiluminescent oxidative burst of the murine J774 macrophage cell line and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c mice. T-lymphocyte activity was determined using mouse splenocytes incubated with phytohemagglutinin, labeled with [3H]-thymidine and assayed for lymphoproliferation. Significant dose-related augmentation of oxidative burst was observed with garlic extract and the protein fraction. The protein fraction also enhanced the T-lymphocyte blastogenesis. The data suggest that garlic compounds may serve as biological response modifiers by augmenting macrophage and T-lymphocyte functions.
Bio-inspired fabrication of high perm-selectivity and anti-fouling membranes based on zwitterionic polyelectrolyte nanoparticles (2016)

Biologically inspired TFN membranes incorporated with zwitterionic polyelectrolyte nanoparticles exhibit high perm-selectivity and anti-fouling properties.
Pulsed Electrodeposition of Copper/Nickel Multilayers on a Rotating Disk Electrode: I . Galvanostatic Deposition (1995)

Thin Cu/Ni multilayers were deposited on a rotating disk electrode by square‐wave galvanostatic pulses in one‐third and full strength Watts nickel baths with 50 to 1000 ppm CuCu2+. A theoretical model was developed to predict the copper content in the Ni layer. Factors affecting the deposition which include the mass‐transfer rate, copper ion concentration, temperature, and applied current density were studied. The copper content in the Ni layer was analyzed experimentally by x‐ray diffraction and potentiodynamic stripping. Theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental results.
<title>Filmless PACS in a multiple facility environment</title> (1996)

A Picture Archiving and Communication System centered on a shared image file server can support a filmless hospital. Systems based on this architecture have proven themselves in over four years of clinical operation. Changes in healthcare delivery are causing radiology groups to support multiple facilities for remote clinic support and consolidation of services. There will be a corresponding need for communicating over a standardized wide area network (WAN). Interactive workflow, a natural extension to the single facility case, requires a means to work effectively and seamlessly across moderate to low speed communication networks. Several schemes for supporting a consortium of medical treatment facilities over a WAN are explored. Both centralized and distributed database approaches are evaluated against several WAN scenarios. Likewise, several architectures for distributing image file servers or buffers over a WAN are explored, along with the caching and distribution strategies that support them. An open system implementation is critical to the success of a wide area system. The role of the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard in supporting multi- facility and multi-vendor open systems is also addressed. An open system can be achieved by using a DICOM server to provide a view of the system-wide distributed database. The DICOM server interface to a local version of the global database lets a local workstation treat the multiple, distributed data servers as though they were one local server for purposes of examination queries. The query will recover information about the examination that will permit retrieval over the network from the server on which the examination resides. For efficiency reasons, the ability to build cross-facility radiologist worklists and clinician-oriented patient folders is essential. The technologies of the World-Wide-Web can be used to generate worklists and patient folders across facilities. A reliable broadcast protocol may be a convenient way to notify many different users and many image servers about new activities in the network of image servers. In addition to ensuring reliability of message delivery and global serialization of each broadcast message in the network, the broadcast protocol should not introduce significant communication overhead.
Impact 2016, London, 15 March 2016 (2016)

The MRS's Impact 2016 conference showcased the research sector's curiosity, its talent to mine dazzling insights and its ability to ignite revolution in business and society. The IJMR-hosted debate focused upon the question of 'who will succeed in the new era of data discovery' and included Adam Phillips from Real Research who chaired the debate, as well as speakers: Edwin Kooge from Metrixlab Big Data Analytics, Paul Bosher from Walgreens Boots Alliance, Rachel Lawes from Regent's University, London, and Christina Jenkins from LinkedIn. The new era offers the opportunity for researchers to act as 'data curators': identifying, sourcing, integrating, analysing and interpreting the 'smart data' that delivers real added-value insights to clients. Researchers will need to have a new range of skills and experience -- from both the data analysis and the business side -- in order to truly make the most of the exciting new era.
Biochemical and functional properties of a leucocidin produced by several strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum (1984)

A soluble exotoxin (a leucocidin) which was lethal to peripheral blood leucocytes from cattle, sheep, rabbits and man (in order of decreasing sensitivity) was elaborated by a variety of isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum when the majority of organisms were present as filaments in liquid culture. Maximum production of the leucocidin was achieved by concentrations of bacteria equivalent to between 4 X 10(7) and 4 X 10(8) short cells per ml of culture above which no further increase in titre was observed. The ability of different batches of medium to support production of leucocidin was reflected in their capacity to enable F. necrophorum to grow to this range of concentration. Prolonged culture of the organism, resulting in a decline to below 6 in the pH of the medium was associated with a depression in the titre of leucocidin, presumably due to its inactivation under these conditions. The leucocidin was stable at 4 degrees C for at least 30 days, to extremes of pH (4 to 9) for 1 h at room temperature, and showed maximum activity in assays conducted at 37 degrees C at pH 7 to 8. The exotoxin was inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min and possessed a molecular weight around 250,000 to 300,000 as determined by gel filtration and membrane partition chromatography.
Genomewide analysis of polysaccharides degrading enzymes in 11 white- and brown-rot Polyporales provides insight into mechanisms of wood decay (2013)

To degrade the polysaccharides, wood-decay fungi secrete a variety of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and carbohydrate esterases (CEs) classified into various sequence-based families of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) and their appended carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM). Oxidative enzymes, such as cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO, formerly GH61), also have been implicated in cellulose degradation. To examine polysaccharide-degrading potential between white- and brown-rot fungi, we performed genomewide analysis of CAZys and these oxidative enzymes in 11 Polyporales, including recently sequenced monokaryotic strains of Bjerkandera adusta, Ganoderma sp. and Phlebia brevispora. Furthermore, we conducted comparative secretome analysis of seven Polyporales grown on wood culture. As a result, it was found that genes encoding cellulases belonging to families GH6, GH7, GH9 and carbohydrate-binding module family CBM1 are lacking in genomes of brown-rot polyporales. In addition, the presence of CDH and the expansion of LPMO were observed only in white-rot genomes. Indeed, GH6, GH7, CDH and LPMO peptides were identified only in white-rot polypores. Genes encoding aldose 1-epimerase (ALE), previously detected with CDH and cellulases in the culture filtrates, also were identified in white-rot genomes, suggesting a physiological connection between ALE, CDH, cellulase and possibly LPMO. For hemicellulose degradation, genes and peptides corresponding to GH74 xyloglucanase, GH10 endo-xylanase, GH79 β-glucuronidase, CE1 acetyl xylan esterase and CE15 glucuronoyl methylesterase were significantly increased in white-rot genomes compared to brown-rot genomes. Overall, relative to brown-rot Polyporales, white-rot Polyporales maintain greater enzymatic diversity supporting lignocellulose attack.
Three-dimensionally interconnected multi-bus-line bidirectional optical backplane (1999)

The concept of a three-dimensionally interconnected optical backplane for a high-performance system containing multichip module boards, operating at 850 nm, is introduced. The backplane reported here employs 2-D vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and pho- todetector arrays as transceivers. By integrating 250-mm-pitch 2-D VC- SELs, microlenses, and photodetector arrays into our backplane design, we have demonstrated a multi-bus-line optical backplane and experi- mentally realized this architecture with 2-D VCSEL and detector arrays while using the third dimension as the signal-propagating direction. Such an approach greatly increases the aggregate bandwidth of the back- plane. Packaging issues such as misalignment, cross talk, and signal-to- noise ratio are studied. Eye diagrams up to 1.5 GHz were obtained with clear eyes, and the frequency response of a single bus line shows a bandwidth of 2.5 THz. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(99)00409-2)
CLXXXIII.—The chemistry of the three-carbon system. Part XXI. Some cycloheptane compounds (1929)

W. E. Hugh, G. A. R. Kon and T. Mitchell, J. Chem. Soc., 1929, 1435 DOI: 10.1039/JR9290001435
Rapid detection of respiring <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in apple juice, milk, and ground beef by flow cytometry (2003)

Respiring E. coli O157:H7 in food samples can be detected specifically within a few hours. Flow cytometry with FA-CTC double staining can be used to examine food contamination with various pathogenic microbes demonstrating physiologic activity through the use of a suitable fluorescent antibody.
A Biomechanical Study of Intrapeduncular Screw Fixation in the Lumbosacral Spine (1986)

This laboratory experiment was undertaken to identify factors contributing to intrapeduncular screw fixation in the vertebra. Testing was performed in axial pull-out and cyclic loading modes using multiple screw designs inserted to various depths into fresh human lumbosacral vertebra. The degree of osteoporosis played a major role in pull-out strength. Larger diameter, full-threaded screws inserted deep enough to engage the anterior vertebral cortex resulted in the most secure fixation. In the sacrum, the second sacral pedicle was the weakest location of insertion. Screws aimed laterally into the ala at 45 degrees or medially into the first sacral pedicle resisted larger axial pull-out loads than those inserted straight anteriorly into the ala. Methyl methacrylate was found to restore secure fixation in previously-loosened screws and pressurization of cement doubled the pull-out force. In cyclic load tests, deeper-inserted screws were found to withstand a greater number of cycles before loosening. Measurements of pedicle outer cortical diameters were found in many specimens to be smaller than both the 4.5-mm and 6.5-mm diameter screws.
Development of Non-Siliceous Porous Materials and Emerging Applications (2012)

Abstract This account presents the preparation, characterization, and applications of porous sol–gel materials with particular emphasis on non-siliceous oxide compositions and morphology control. The potential and versatility of innovative synthesis strategies that have been developed to broaden the range of achievable compositions and functionalities are briefly discussed. The synthesis approach involves polymerization-induced phase separation and concurrent sol–gel transition under well-controlled reactions conditions, producing monolithic gels with well-defined macroporous bicontinuous structures. By optimizing the template-free synthesis routes including the postgelation treatments, one can obtain non-siliceous monolithic materials with controllable macropores and mesopores. Promising results for chromatographic and optical applications are also demonstrated taking porous titania monoliths as a example.
{(1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-Methyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine}oxalatoplatinum(II): A Novel Enantiomerically Pure Oxaliplatin Derivative Showing Improved Anticancer Activity in Vivo (2010)

Novel derivatives of the clinically established anticancer drug oxaliplatin were synthesized. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was studied in six human cancer cell lines by means of the MTT assay. Additionally, most promising complexes were also investigated in cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-resistant human cancer cell models. The therapeutic efficacy in vivo was studied in the murine L1210 leukemia model. Most remarkably, {(1R,2R,4R)-4-methyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine}oxalatoplatinum(II), comprising an equatorial methyl substituent at position 4 of the cyclohexane ring, was as potent as oxaliplatin in vitro but distinctly more effective in the L1210 model in vivo at the optimal dose. The advantage observed in the in vivo situation was mainly based on a more favorable therapeutic index. The maximum tolerated dose of the novel analogue was higher than that of oxaliplatin and caused a greater increase in life span (>200% versus 152%), with more animals experiencing long-term survival (5/6 versus 2/6). These data support further (pre)clinical development of the methyl-substituted oxaliplatin analogue with improved anticancer activity.
Data Structures and Other Objects Using C (1995)

From the Publisher:
Where will you be ten years from now? How will a course in data structures help you? Perhaps you will be a software engineer writing large software in specialized areas such as computer graphics. The authors of such programs, today and in the future, require a ready knowledge of proven methods for representing data. 
For example, the graphics program that generated the cover of this book uses a collection of three-dimensional objects--and a programmer must use the knowledge of data structures to make decisions on how to represent such collections. As a programmer, you must also possess an unshakable understanding of fundamental programming techniques and algorithms to manipulate the data structures. The graphics program is again a good example, using recursion to generate beautiful fractal patterns, and using efficient sorting algorithms in the process of removing hidden objects. 
With many accessible examples, this book provides the knowledge of data representations and algorithms in a way that will be immediately useful to you with C++. This book also focuses on foundational material that will continue to be useful to you over the next ten years and beyond.
A 210-GHz bandwidth electrooptic sampler for large signal characterization of InP-based components (2005)

We propose an electrooptic sampler at 1.55 μm (wavelength), which uses an ion-irradiated InP-based photoconductor for the optical-to-electrical conversion and a fiber-mounted LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal as the electric-field sensor. A measurement bandwidth of 210 GHz is obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 17 dB. These results are found to be independent of the amplitude of the 2.1-ps excitation pulse, which reaches values as high as 0.81 V. Large signal characterization of InP-based components are thus allowed. The performance of our system is validated by test measurements performed on coplanar waveguides made on semi-insulating InP substrates.
proCover (2016)

Today's commercially available prosthetic limbs lack tactile sensation and feedback. Recent research in this domain focuses on sensor technologies designed to be directly embedded into future prostheses. We present a novel concept and prototype of a prosthetic-sensing wearable that offers a non-invasive, self-applicable and customizable approach for the sensory augmentation of present-day and future low to mid-range priced lower-limb prosthetics. From consultation with eight lower-limb amputees, we investigated the design space for prosthetic sensing wearables and developed novel interaction methods for dynamic, user-driven creation and mapping of sensing regions on the foot to wearable haptic feedback actuators. Based on a pilot-study with amputees, we assessed the utility of our design in scenarios brought up by the amputees and we summarize our findings to establish future directions for research into using smart textiles for the sensory enhancement of prosthetic limbs.
Targeted Strand Scission of DNA Substrates by a Tricopper(II) Coordination Complex (2002)

A trinuclear copper complex, [Cu(3)(II)(L)(H(2)O)(3)(NO(3))(2)](NO(3))(4).5H(2)O (1) (L = 2,2',2' '-tris(dipicolylamino)triethylamine), with pyridyl and alkylamine coordination exhibits a remarkable ability to promote specific strand scission at junctions between single- and double-stranded DNA. Strand scission occurs on the 3' overhang at the junction of a hairpin or frayed duplex structure and is not dependent on the identity of the base at which cleavage occurs. Target recognition minimally requires a purine at the first unpaired position and a guanine at the second unpaired position on the 5' strand. Incorporation of the necessary recognition elements into an otherwise unreactive junction resulted in specific strand scission at that new target and helped to confirm the predictive nature of this complex. Selective strand scission requires both a reductant and dioxygen, suggesting activation of O(2) by the reduced form of 1. The reaction utilizing the trinuclear complex does not appear to involve a diffusible radical species as suggested by its high specificity of target oxidation and its lack of sensitivity to radical quenching agents. Comparisons between the trinuclear copper complex, mononuclear analogues of 1, and [Cu(OP)(2)](2+) (OP = 1,10-phenanthroline) indicate that recognition and reactivity described in this report are dependent on the multiple metal ions within the same complex which together support its unique activity.
3W-Modell des Unternehmungswandels: Bezugsrahmen für ein erfolgreiches Wandlungsmanagement (2005)

'Die Dynamik der marktlichen und außermarktlichen Entwicklungen hat sich in den letzten Jahren massiv erhöht. Veränderungen - ob als reaktives Anpassen an externe Entwicklungen oder proaktives Gestalten aufgrund eigener strategischer Absichten - sind zum dauerhaften Begleiter wirtschaftlichen Handelns geworden. Mittlerweile hat sich weitestgehend die Erkenntnis durchgesetzt, dass sich Unternehmungen in einem Zustand permanenten Wandels befinden. Dies gilt gleichermaßen auch für öffentliche Verwaltungen. Aus diesem Grund wird das Wandlungsmanagement zu einer dauerhaften Aufgabe. Dass es hierbei in der Praxis aber noch viele Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten gibt, zeigt das Scheitern von ca. 70% aller Wandlungsvorhaben. Dies mag zum einen daran liegen, dass in vielen Fällen ein Gesamtkonzept des Wandlungsvorhabens fehlt und wenig integrierte Einzelmaßnahmen durchgeführt werden. Zum anderen werden häufig aber auch Standardkonzepte angewendet, ohne auf die Besonderheiten des Einzelfalls zu achten. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es daher, einen umfassenden Bezugsrahmen für das Wandlungsmanagement vorzustellen. Entscheidend für den Wandlungserfolg ist die situationsgerechte Ausgestaltung und Abstimmung ('Orchestrierung') der einzelnen Wandlungskomponenten.' (Autorenreferat)
Normal vector method for the RCWA with automated vector field generation (2008)

Early formulations of the RCWA yield, implicated by the erroneous application of factorization rules to discrete Fourier transformations, poor convergence in certain cases. An explanation for this finding and an approach to overcome the problem for crossed gratings was first given by Li [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 1870 (1996) and 14, 2758 (1997)]. A further improvement was achieved by Schuster et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 2880 (2007)], using a structure dependent normal vector (NV) field. While it is trivial to create those NV fields for simple geometrical shapes, to our knowledge an appropriate algorithm for arbitrary shapes does not exist, yet. In this work we present such an algorithm.
Coordination for better laboratory services. (1996)

In developing countries the organization of health laboratory services commonly leaves much to be desired. Poor coordination and the absence of clear policies often inhibit efficiency and efficacy. Ways of remedying such situations are examined in the present article.
Synthesis of thiazole derivatives with positive inotropic effect. (1987)

Thiazole derivatives with potential positive inotropic effect were synthesized. The highest activity (medium positive inotropic effect) was exhibited by ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-4-phenylthiazole-5-carboxylate (3b) of which several derivatives have been prepared. Among these derivatives only those which could presumably easily removed in the living organism to give 3b exhibited a medium positive inotropic effect (6, 8b). It was assumed that the effect of 3b had a beta-agonist character.