gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling multiphase non-isothermal fluid flow and reactive geochemical transport in variably saturated fractured rocks: 1. Methodology (2001)

Reactive fluid flow and geochemical transport in unsaturated fractured rocks have received increasing attention for studies of contaminant transport, ground- water quality, waste disposal, acid mine drainage remediation, mineral deposits, sedimentary diagenesis, and fluid-rock interactions in hydrothermal systems. This paper presents methods for modeling geochemical systems that emphasize: (1) involvement of the gas phase in addition to liquid and solid phases in fluid flow, mass transport, and chemical reactions; (2) treatment of physically and chemically heterogeneous and fractured rocks, (3) the effect of heat on fluid flow and reaction properties and processes, and (4) the kinetics of fluid-rock interaction. The physical and chemical process model is embodied in a system of partial differential equations for flow and transport, coupled to algebraic equations and ordinary differential equations for chemical interactions. For numerical solution, the continuum equations are discretized in space and time. Space discretization is based on a flexible integral finite difference approach that can use irregular gridding to model geologic structure; time is discretized fully implicitly as a first-order finite difference. Heterogeneous and fractured media are treated with a general multiple interacting continua method that includes double-porosity, dual-permeability, and multi-region models as special cases. A sequential iteration approach is used to treat the coupling between fluid flow and mass transport on the one hand, chemical reactions on the other. Applications of the methods developed here to variably saturated geochemical systems are presented in a companion paper (part 2, this issue).
Bulletin épigraphique (1965)

Robert Jeanne, Robert Louis. Bulletin épigraphique. In: Revue des Études Grecques, tome 78, fascicule 369-370, Janvier-juin 1965. pp. 70-204.
An improved HMM/VQ training procedure for speaker-independent isolated word recognition (2002)

This paper describe an improved training procedure in a HMM/VQ speech recognition system for speaker-independent speech recognition. The phoneme based Gaussian mixture models (GMM) were generated in the first step modeling using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. These Gaussians more accurately describe the distribution characteristic of the phonemes in the speech signal space. Therefore better first step modeling is achieved and the performance of the whole recognition system is improved. The new method was used in a speaker-independent isolated digits and phoneme recognition tasks. Two English databases were used for the training and testing. Significant improvements have been achieved in comparison with the conventional HMM/VQ system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An adaptive and scalable multiprocessor system For Xilinx FPGAs using minimal sized processor cores (2008)

In embedded systems, especially in multi-purpose platforms, the need for computational power can vary greatly. This depends mainly on the type of applications running on the platform as well as on limitations such as real-time constraints or the amount of data being processed. These factors can change during lifetime of the system and even during runtime. A highly adaptive computing platform is desirable, providing exactly the computational power and speed needed for any particular task at any particular time using minimal resources. This contribution discusses a highly scalable multiprocessor system composed of minimal sized processor cores. The proposed architecture is intended for computational intensive applications such as on-line routing and placement on FPGAs or applications in the cryptographic domain. While offering a lot of leeway in computational power it uses minimal resources on an FPGA, thus freeing hardware resources for applications running in parallel to the multiprocessor system.
Coordination of an SVC with a ULTC reserving compensation margin for emergency control (2000)

This paper proposes a coordinated control scheme of an SVC (static VAr compensator) and a ULTC (under load tap changer) of a distribution substation to obtain a larger operating margin of SVC for emergency control. The conventional method can cause a lack of operating margin of SVCs in some conditions. It, however, is important to secure an operating margin for emergencies. In the proposed coordinated control system, SVC controls the voltage and ULTC responds to the SVC compensation value based on the relation between SVC compensation and ULTC tap position. In order to reserve the operating margin of the SVC, the time delay of ULTC is adaptively changed according to the operating condition of the SVC. Numerical simulations verify that the proposed system could increase the operating margin of SVC while improving the quality of load voltage.
New selective molecular-beam epitaxial growth method for direct formation of GaAs quantum dots (1993)

Numerous GaAs epitaxial microcrystals having an average base size of 700 Å×700 Å surrounded mainly by (111) and (110) facets were fabricated on a sulfer-terminated (S-terminated) GaAs (001) substrate by sequentially supplying Ga and As molecular beams. The S-terminated GaAs (001) surface was produced by exposing the surface to a sulfur vapor in the molecular-beam epitaxy system immediately after obtaining a Ga-stabilized surface. The growth of GaAs microcrystals on the S-terminated substrate is caused by a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. The process consists of forming Ga droplets on the inert surface and reacting the droplets with As to produce GaAs microcrystals. This method termed droplet epitaxy is thought to be a promising growth method for fabricating the GaAs quantum dots.
Fabrication of isotropic infrared metamaterials (2014)

Fabrication technique of an isotropic infrared metamaterial consisting of fourfold-symmetric 3D SRRs was proposed. A developed metal-stress driven self-folding method was demonstrated for mass-productive formation of the 3D SRRs.
Blind modulation classification: a concept whose time has come (2006)

We address the problem of identifying the modulation format of an incoming signal. We review many existing techniques for digital modulation recognition in a systematic way, which helps the reader to see the main features of each technique. The goal is to provide useful guidelines for choosing appropriate classification algorithms for different modulations, from the large pool of available techniques. Furthermore, the performance of a benchmark classifier is presented, as well as its sensitivity to several model mismatches. Open problems and possible directions for further research are briefly discussed
RNAi and Plant Gene Function Analysis (2011)

The use of RNAi technology is essential for most plant science researchers. As DNA sequence information increases, so the need for functional annotation of target genes also increases. Authoritative a
Scaling constraints in nanoelectronic random-access memories (2005)

Nanoelectronic molecular and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) MRAM crossbar memory systems have the potential to present significant area advantages (4 to 6F(2)) compared to CMOS-based systems. The scalability of these conductivity-switched RAM arrays is examined by establishing criteria for correct functionality based on the readout margin. Using a combined circuit theoretical modelling and simulation approach, the impact of both the device and interconnect architecture on the scalability of a conductivity-state memory system is quantified. This establishes criteria showing the conditions and on/off ratios for the large-scale integration of molecular devices, guiding molecular device design. With 10% readout margin on the resistive load, a memory device needs to have an on/off ratio of at least 7 to be integrated into a 64 x 64 array, while an on/off ratio of 43 is necessary to scale the memory to 512 x 512.
Régime et disponibilités alimentaires chez le Putois (Mustela putorius L.) (1991)

Entre 1984 et 1989, le régime alimentaire du Putois (Mustela putorius) a été étudié dans trois habitats différents et contrastés, par analyse de 645 fèces, et en relation avec l’abondance des proies. Les putois consomment toujours principalement des lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus) que l’abondance de ces derniers soit élevée, moyennement élevée ou faible. Les rongeurs et les oiseaux sont des proies secondaires. L’étroite dépendance entre le Putois et le Lapin est mise en évidence. Le Putois est un prédateur spécialisé du Lapin.
Coronene and liumogen as VUV sensitive coatings for Si CCD imagers: a comparison (1980)

Phosphor coatings have long been employed in the detection\nof UV radiation. With the interest in the use of silicon\ncharge coupled device (CCD) imagers as the detector for the\nspace telescope and other space-borne astronomical missions,\na UV sensitive phosphor is desired the emission spectrum of\nwhich usefully matches the spectral response of the CCD.\nSuch a phosphor would provide an unparalleled opportunity\nto image in the UV, the visible, and near IR wavelengths with the same detector. A recent study has suggested that coronene and sodium salicylate (which emit at 500 and 420 nm, respectively) are the most promising candidate phosphors. The potential of a third organic phosphor, liumogen, is the subject of this Letter.
Preparation and Anticonvulsant Activity of N-Substituted Benzenedisulfonamides (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Anticonvulsant Activity of N-Substituted BenzenedisulfonamidesGerald F. Holland, William H. Funderburk, and Kenneth F. FingerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 3, 307–312Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00339a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00339a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calculation of mean cell residence time for unsteady‐state activated sludge systems (1985)

A formulation to calculate the mean cell residence time (MCRT or sludge age) of unsteady-state activated sludge systems is presented. The formulation was studied by applying it to data generated by computer simulation and to data obtained from an actual wastewater treatment plant. The computer simulation study allowed the effects of step and pulse changes in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) loading, and step changes in a control variable, waste sludge flow rate, to be studied independently of each other and of other disturbances. The unsteady-state MCRT formulation (herein called the dynamic sludge age, or DSA) was found to be an improvement over the traditional steady-state calculation, both for process control, and for research into activated sludge dynamics.
Scattering of the fundamental torsional mode at an axial crack in a pipe (2010)

A quantitative study of the interaction of the T(0,1) torsional mode with an axial defect in a pipe is presented. The results are obtained from finite element simulations and experiments. The influence of the crack axial extent, depth, excitation frequency, and pipe circumference on the scattering is examined. It is found that the reflection from a defect consists of a series of the wave pulses with gradually decaying amplitudes. Such behavior is caused by the shear waves diffracting from the crack and then repeatedly interacting with the crack due to circumferential propagation. Time-domain reflection coefficient analysis demonstrates that the trend of the reflection strength for different crack lengths, pipe diameters, and frequencies from a through-thickness crack satisfies a simple normalization. The results show that the reflection coefficient initially increases with the crack length at all frequencies but finally reaches an oscillating regime. Also, at a given frequency and crack length the reflection decreases with the increase in pipe circumference. An additional scattering study of the shear wave SH(0) mode at a part-thickness notch in a plate shows that the reflection coefficient, when plotted against depth of the notch, increases with both frequency and notch depth.
Mode Selection for Device-To-Device Communication Underlaying an LTE-Advanced Network (2010)

Device-to-Device communication underlaying a cellular network enables local services with limited interference to the cellular network. In this paper we study the optimal selection of possible resource sharing modes with the cellular network in a single cell. Based on the learning from the single cell studies we propose a mode selection procedure for a multi-cell environment. Our evaluation results of the proposed procedure show that it enables a much more reliable device-to-device communication with limited interference to the cellular network compared to simpler mode selection procedures. A well performing and practical mode selection is critical to enable the adoption of underlay device-to-device communication in cellular networks.
Publishers and Serialization (1996)

That art does not simply arise unconstrained by external pressures is exemplified in the relationship between technology and music. Music is seen frequently as the ‘purest’ of art forms, the one most free from the inhibitions of content. But the history of music is at least partly the history of technological development and the possibilities this reveals for composers and performers. Until Mr Sax invented his instrument in 1840, the peculiar sound that we associate with the saxophone could not exist although there is an ancient tradition that conceives of musical forms as absolutes, of an ideal world in which all musical potentialities enjoy a Platonic form. But it is as absurd to imagine a composer longing to use a sound for the production of which no instrument existed, as it is to think of someone longing to take a photograph before cameras had been invented. The concept, as well as the reality, of photography could only be conceived of after the means to make it possible had come into being. This relationship between the material world and consciousness occurs also at a crucial moment in Dickens’s career, the events which coalesced to make possible the appearance of Pickwick Papers in April 1836.
Development of a framework for sub-topic discovery from the Web (2008)

The motivation behind sub-topic or topic specific keyword discovery through Web pages is helping a user, who is insufficient in knowledge and experience about a topic, to find important concepts without much effort. Intuitively, a Web user would start searching the Web via querying search engines, visiting some pages, and spending a lot of time on deciding what is important about the topic and what is not. In this study, we try to mine important sub-topics or key concepts of a given topic automatically, through HTML based Web pages. Starting with a search query, the system gathers top-ranking pages returned from a search engine; and selects informative pages among them. These pages are processed further for extracting important phrases and then applied data mining techniques on these phrases to find candidate sub-topics. Each candidate phrase is given scores based on its relevance with the search query over the Web space. Using the proposed technique, the user should be able to quickly learn sub-topics or key concepts about a topic without going through the ordeal of browsing a large number of non-informative pages returned by the search engine.
Reactions of iron(II) nucleotide complexes with hydrogen peroxide (1990)

The rate constants for the reactions of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous complexes of ATP, ADP, UTP, citrate and pyrophosphate were measured at pH 7.2. These ligands are potential chelators of iron(II) in the low‐molecular weight iron pool that may catalyze oxidative degradation of tissues. The second‐order rate constants range from 5.5 × 10 3 M −1 s −1 (UTP) to 1 × 10 5 M −1 s −1 (pyrophosphate) at pH 7.2. The kinetic dependences of the ATP reaction are consistent with a mechanism involving a ‘ferryl’ (Fe IV ) transient which decays to the hydroxyl radical and ferric ATP.
Molecular effects of genistein on estrogen receptor mediated pathways (1996)

Genistein, a component of soy products, may play a role in the prevention of breast and prostate cancer. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In the present study, we examined the effects of genistein on the estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. We observed that genistein stimulated estrogen-responsive pS2 mRNA expression at concentrations as low as 10(-8) M and these effects can be inhibited by tamoxifen. We also showed that genistein competed with [3H]estradiol binding to the estrogen receptor with 50% inhibition at 5 x 10(-7) M. Thus, the estrogenic effect of genistein would appear to be a result of an interaction with the estrogen receptor. The effect of genistein on growth of MCF-7 cells was also examined. Genistein produced a concentration-dependent effect on the growth of MCF-7 cells. At lower concentrations (10(-8)-10(-6) M) genistein stimulated growth, but at higher concentrations (> 10(-5) M) genistein inhibited growth. The effects of genistein on growth at lower concentrations appeared to be via the estrogen receptor pathway, while the effects at higher concentrations were independent of the estrogen receptor. We also found that genistein, though estrogenic, can interfere with the effects of estradiol. In addition, prolonged exposure to genistein resulted in a decrease in estrogen receptor mRNA level as well as a decreased response to stimulation by estradiol.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of project control systems (1984)

Researchers and practitioners have been unable to identify general guidelines or develop a prescriptive model for the project manager to use when selecting a project control system. The research presented extends and integrates areas of past research on project control systems; it addresses the interactions between project control systems and the situations in which they are implemented. The results provide insight into the effectiveness of control systems which were not evident when the control system and situational conditions were treated separately. The research is based on an empirical study of 103 development projects. The results show that the interactions between control systems and the situations in which they are used have significant relationships with project success.
Power and Focusing Considerations for Recording with a Laser Beam in the TEM_00 Mode (1971)

Some of the aspects of recording and reading with a focused laser beam in the TEM(00) mode are analyzed. The effects of defocusing and laser power variations on the recorded spot size are presented for various peak-to-threshold intensity ratios. It is shown that by suitably choosing the f/number of the optical system minimum recording power is required. The distinction between optical writing and reading depth of focus is made. It is concluded that the effective depth of focus can greatly exceed the optical depth of focus, thus relaxing mechanical stability requirements in a practical laser recording system.
Optical and Structural Studies of Long-Range Order Development in Relaxor Ferroelectrics (2000)

Development of long-range order in relaxor ferroelectrics [Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ] 1- x -[PbTiO 3 ] x (PMN/ x PT) and Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (PZN) has been investigated by neutron powder diffraction and birefringence along with transmission-electron and optical microscopies. The Rietveld analysis of PZN revealed that the rhombohedral phase develops gradually in the cubic matrix but that it does not prevail on the whole crystal even at low temperature. Development of the heterophase is quite similar to that observed in PMN/ x PT with x =0. Temperature dependence of the birefringence induced by an electric field was also measured using the PMN/ x PT with x =0 and 0.1, and was found to depend strongly on pre-history of the specimen; zero-field cooling, field-heating, field-cooling and zero-field heating exhibit differences in the temperature dependence. The development of long-range order was observed under the electric field. The birefringence increases quite slowly at the first stage with a incubation time. After the long incubation, the increase becomes significant and eventually is saturated. A possible origin of these phenomena was discussed.
The pathogenic role of the renal proximal tubular cell in diabetic nephropathy (2012)

A growing body of evidence indicates that the renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Microalbuminuria that intensifies over time to overt proteinuria, a hallmark of DN, is already known to activate the PTEC to induce tubulointerstitial inflammation. In addition to proteins, a number of diabetic substrates including high glucose per se, advanced glycation end-products and their carbonyl intermediates, angiotensin II, and ultrafiltered growth factors activate a number of signaling pathways including nuclear factor kappa B, protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 and the generation of reactive oxygen species, to culminate in tubular cell hypertrophy and the accumulation in the interstitium of a repertoire of chemokines, cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules capable of orchestrating further inflammation and fibrosis. More recently, the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) in PTECs have been implicated in this process. While in vitro data suggest that the KKS contributes to the progression of DN, there are conflicting in vivo results on its precise role, which may in part be strain-dependent. On the other hand, there are both in vitro and in vivo data to suggest a role for both TLR2 and TLR4 in DN. In this review, we offer a critical appraisal of the events linking the participation of the PTEC to the pathogenesis of DN, which we believe may be collectively termed diabetic tubulopathy.