gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations Linked to Leukoencephalopathy with Vanishing White Matter Impair the Function of the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2B Complex in Diverse Ways (2004)

Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM) is a severe inherited human neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by mutations in the genes for the subunits of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B), a heteropentameric guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates both global and mRNA-specific translation. Marked variability is evident in the clinical severity and time course of VWM in patients. Here we have studied the effects of VWM mutations on the function of human eIF2B. All the mutations tested cause partial loss of activity. Frameshift mutations in genes for eIF2Bepsilon or eIF2Bbeta lead to truncated polypeptides that fail to form complexes with the other subunits and are effectively null mutations. Certain point mutations also impair the ability of eIF2Bbeta or -epsilon to form eIF2B holocomplexes and also diminish the intrinsic nucleotide exchange activity of eIF2B. A point mutation in the catalytic domain of eIF2Bepsilon impairs its ability to bind the substrate, while two mutations in eIF2Bbeta actually enhance eIF2 binding. We provide evidence that expression of VWM mutant eIF2B may enhance the translation of specific mRNAs. The variability of the clinical phenotype in VWM may reflect the multiple ways in which VWM mutations affect eIF2B function.
Therapeutic aspects of retroviral disease. (1992)

Retroviruses of the nervous system cause HTLV-1-associated myelopathy and HIV-associated diseases. The treatment of HTLV-1 disease is essentially conservative; there is no effective drug treatment and therefore patients should be simply supported and reassured. If appropriate, other members of the family should be tested for HTLV-1 disease and counselled. The effects of HIV on the nervous system are much more complex. Therapy must take account of the diverse complications of HIV disease. Patients are probably best managed in specialized clinics which can cope with the different manifestations of the disease. Zidovudine (AZT) is the only effective anti-HIV drug that is licensed. It is indicated in complicated seroconversion disease and for any manifestation of HIV progression including AIDS dementia complex. Management of severe neurological disease depends critically on the ability to diagnose and treat CNS-specific opportunistic infections. Whether zidovudine is indicated for early asymptomatic disease when CD4 counts are below 500 microliters-1 is controversial. The main problems of zidovudine are reversible anaemia which results in about 30% of patients not tolerating long-term use, and the development of drug resistance which may be associated with clinical failure of the drug. Other, new and experimental drug treatments are discussed but none of them has as yet shown any convincing evidence of efficacy. Future improvements in treatment appear to depend on the development of effective multiple drug regimens (concurrently or sequentially) which will overcome the challenge of drug resistance.
Growth Inhibition of Insects and a Fungus by Indole-3-Acetonitrile (1961)

Indole-3-acetonitrile obtained from cabbage has been found to inhibit growth of Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.), Galleria mellonella (L.), and Penicillium chrysogenum.
PARALLEL PROCESSING: INTO THE NEXT DIMENSION (1994)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text NAN MARIE JOKERST, "PARALLEL PROCESSING: INTO THE NEXT DIMENSION," Optics & Photonics News 5(4), 8-14 (1994) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Scanning tunneling microscopy study of the adsorption and recombinative desorption of hydrogen from the Si(100)-2×1 surface (1992)

A scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of the adsorption and recombinative desorption of hydrogen from the Si(100)-2×1 surface is presented. Initially at room temperature, hydrogen atoms singly occupy the Si dimer units resulting in the formation of isolated Si–H bonds and unpaired dangling bonds. At higher temperatures (∼630 K) these hydrogen atoms tend to pair up on the dimer units. Thus there is a thermodynamic preference for the hydrogen atoms to occupy the dimers in pairs. This pairing phenomenon is due to a π interaction between the dangling bonds on the Si(100)-2×1 surface which favors pairing the unpaired dangling bonds on the dimer units. This pairing of dangling bonds in turn forces the hydrogen atoms to pair. Following desorption from the saturated surface, pairs of dangling bonds are found localized on the Si dimer units, suggesting that desorption involves the direct recombination of hydrogen atoms from the dimers units of the monohydride surface. The implications of this desorption mechanism are discussed and compared to earlier models.
Mesoscopic theory of shear banding and crack propagation in metallic glasses (2009)

We propose a phenomenological theory to model shear banding, shear-band propagation and branching on mesoscopic scales in metallic glasses by using Ginzburg-Landau formulism. The disordering caused by mechanical or thermal agitation is represented by atomic volume dilatation and used as an order parameter. This model captures several important features in the deformation process, namely, shear localization or banding, shear-band propagation and branching, and crack propagation and its velocity. We also assessed the relation between the crack propagation velocity and local heating and the connection between the serrated flow and shear band branching.
Waveguiding in blazed-binary diffractive elements (1999)

Recent experimental and numerical results clearly show that blazed-binary diffractive elements outperform their standard blazed-échelette counterparts in the resonance domain. A theoretical study of one-dimensional blazed-binary gratings shows that the reason for this high efficiency is a waveguiding effect. The electromagnetic study supports the idea that, through waveguiding, a reduction of the shadowing zone is achieved, and thus the efficiency is increased. This is intrinsic to high-frequency binary structures and cannot be achieved with standard échelette diffractive elements.
Optimal Aggregation of FcεRI with a Structurally Defined Trivalent Ligand Overrides Negative Regulation Driven by Phosphatases (2014)

To investigate why responses of mast cells to antigen-induced IgE receptor (FcεRI) aggregation depend nonlinearly on antigen dose, we characterized a new artificial ligand, DF3, through complementary modeling and experimentation. This ligand is a stable trimer of peptides derived from bacteriophage T4 fibritin, each conjugated to a hapten (DNP). We found low and high doses of DF3 at which degranulation of mast cells sensitized with DNP-specific IgE is minimal, but ligand-induced receptor aggregation is comparable to aggregation at an intermediate dose, optimal for degranulation. This finding makes DF3 an ideal reagent for studying the balance of negative and positive signaling in the FcεRI pathway. We find that the lipid phosphatase SHIP and the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 negatively regulate mast cell degranulation over all doses considered. In contrast, SHP-2 promotes degranulation. With high DF3 doses, relatively rapid recruitment of SHIP to the plasma membrane may explain the reduced degranulation response. Our results demonstrate that optimal secretory responses of mast cells depend on the formation of receptor aggregates that promote sufficient positive signaling by Syk to override phosphatase-mediated negative regulatory signals.
Transmission of Television Sound on the Picture Carrier (1946)

Several pulse methods for the transmission of television sound on the picture carrier during the line-blanking intervals are analyzed from the points of view of signal-to-noise ratio, audio fidelity, and transmitter and receiver design. The advantages of duplex transmission are: (1) elimination of a separate sound transmitter; (2) elimination of the ambiguity and difficulty which may occur when a standard frequency-modulated sound signal is tuned in; (3) freedom of the audio output from the type of distortion which occurs in frequency-modulated receivers as a consequence of excessive drift of the frequency of the local oscillator; and (4) improvement of the phase characteristic of the picture intermediate-frequency amplifier resulting from elimination of trap circuits. The highest audio-modulation frequency in duplex systems must not exceed one half of the line-scanning frequency. This is a disadvantage under the present television standards which specify a line frequency of 15,750 cycles per second. With the exception of pulsed frequency modulation, the signal-to-noise ratios of sound in duplex systems are not so great as the ratio offered by the transmission of a standard frequency-modulated carrier. The comparison is subject to the condition that the amplitude of the frequency-modulated carrier is 0.7 of the peak amplitude of the duplex carrier. The signal-to-noise ratio of a pulsed frequency-modulated signal may equal the ratio of a standard frequency-modulated signal up to a critical distance from the transmitter, but is less at greater distance.
Biotransformations of Steroids (1988)

Different types of microbiological transformation of steroids are reviewed, with special attention given to bioconversions applied in the manufacturing of steroid hormones, i.e., 11 alpha- 11 beta-, 16 alpha-, 17 alpha-hydroxylations and 1-dehydrogenation. Availability and utilization of raw materials for industrial production of steroids of the estrane, androstane, and pregnane series are discussed. Among the current trends in steroid research of a practical nature, immobilization of enzymes and living cells and the spore process are emphasized as alternative techniques of steroid transformation of possible future importance. Efforts to recognize, in cell-free preparations, the components of steroid-transforming enzyme systems as well as the cellular mechanisms of control of their biosynthesis and activity are described in order to illustrate the main subjects of current basic investigation in steroid bioconversion.
Design and manipulation of polygonal models in a haptic, stereoscopic virtual environment (2006)

This paper presents a flexible, scalable framework for interactive hands-on shape design in a haptic, stereoscopic virtual environment. The framework is founded upon the concept of PDE-based geometric surface flow. Given an input polygonal mesh, a user can interactively define implicit functions around regions of interest of the mesh model, and the locally or globally affected regions of the model will automatically deform according to the underlying partial differential equations and reconstruct the implicitly defined shape. During the model deformation process, the model can always maintain its regularity and can properly modify its topology when collisions between different parts of the model occur. With augmented haptics functionality and stereoscopic display, our system provides a more intuitive interface, which allows users to directly manipulate 3D polygonal objects with hands.
Application of 3C-SiC quantum dots for living cell imaging (2008)

Highly luminescent, stable, and biocompatible 3C-SiC quantum dots (QDs) with no protective shells have been applied for fluorescence imaging of biological living cells. Structural and luminescent properties of the 3C-SiC QDs are described. Marking of the living cells with such QDs highlights the penetration, accumulation, and heterogeneous distribution of the QDs inside the intracellular space.
Evaluation of HLA-G Expression in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Vitrified Wharton’s Jelly Tissue (2018)

The above results indicated the successful expression of HLA-G by MSCs from vitrified WJ tissues, thus making them ideal candidates for immunomodulation.
Zur Reaktivität von C=N-Doppelbindungssystemen, XVI [1]. Eine Synthese von 2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-1.6-dihydro-pyridinen / The Reactivity of C=N Double Bond Systems, XVI [1]. Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridines (1978)

The combined action of triethyl orthoformate and aniline upon Meldrum's acid or 5-aza-5-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[5,5]undecan-2,4-diones gives their anilinomethylene derivatives (2, 5), which react with methyleneactive nitriles in dimethylformamide to give substituted 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridines (7) in excellent yields.
THERMOGRAPHY AS A PREDICTOR OF SACRAL PRESSURE SORES (1981)

Ninety-one patients admitted to a geriatric unit with apparently undamaged sacral skin were examined by thermography. Nineteen per cent showed a thermal pattern consistent with occult skin damage, and 35% of these developed an overt pressure sore at the thermographically abnormal site within 10 days of admission. None of the remaining patients developed a sore within this time. Thermography can provide a more precise indication of the risk of early development of a sacral pressure sore than the Norton score.
Logic Gate Failure Characterization for Nanoelectronic EDA Tools (2010)

As semiconductor process geometries shrink to nanometer regime, the transistors and interconnects become exceedingly susceptible to failure due to their physical limitations. Implementing a resilient circuit using imperfect nanoelectronic devices, such as Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs), requires a detailed failure-based design optimization and cell characterization integrated into the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools. The focus of this paper is to provide a basic method of cell failure characterization for failure-based design optimization in nanoelectronic EDA tools. In a typical CNFET process, it is shown that the failure probability of a 1× NAND and 1× NOR gates are about twice and three times the failure probability of a 1× Inverter, respectively. EDA tools have to perform detailed "failure analysis" to identify "failure-prone critical paths" for further optimization, similar to critical path optimization during timing analysis.
Urinary Exosomal MicroRNAs in Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-protein-encoding RNAs, regulate gene expression via suppression of target mRNAs. MiRNAs are present in body fluids in a remarkable stable form as packaged in microvesicles of endocytic origin, named exosomes. In the present study, we have assessed miRNA expression in urinary exosomes from type 1 diabetic patients with and without incipient diabetic nephropathy. Results showed that miR-130a and miR-145 were enriched, while miR-155 and miR-424 reduced in urinary exosomes from patients with microalbuminuria. Similarly, in an animal model of early experimental diabetic nephropathy, urinary exosomal miR-145 levels were increased and this was paralleled by miR-145 overexpression within the glomeruli. Exposure of cultured mesangial cells to high glucose increased miR-145 content in both mesangial cells and mesangial cells-derived exosomes, providing a potential mechanism for diabetes-induced miR-145 overexpression. In conclusion, urinary exosomal miRNA content is altered in type 1 diabetic patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy and miR-145 may represent a novel candidate biomarker/player in the complication.
Protective Coating of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2003)

Magnetic nanoparticles are becoming increasingly important for several biomedical applications. For example, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles with suitable bio-compatible coatings are useful in magnetic resonance imaging, tissue engineering, and drug delivery, etc. In this study we report the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles and the further coating of these particles by several types of protective layers. Thermodynamic modeling of the chemical system has been adopted as a rational approach to establish routes to better synthesis conditions for pure phase magnetite. Quantitative analysis of different reaction equilibria involved in the precipitation of magnetite from aqueous solutions has been used to determine optimum synthesis conditions. Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (SPION) with diameters of 6 and 12 nm have been prepared by controlled chemical coprecipitation of magnetite phase from aqueous solutions containing suitable salts of Fe2+ and Fe3+ under inert atmosphere. Pure magnetite phase SPION could be observed from X-ray diffraction. Magnetic colloid suspensions containing particles with three different types of coatings (sodium oleate (NaOl), starch, and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG)) have been prepared by using different stabilization methods. SPION coatings were studied by determining the change of the surface charge by electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) measurements, as a function of varying NaOl in the solution, where the amount of NaOl needed to form a stable suspension was determined. For stable suspension, the optimum concentration of sodium oleate (NaOl) chemisorbed at 2.5 g of SPION surface is 5.2 × 10-7 M NaOl which shows maximum ESA value of 0.034 mPa·M/V. SPION coating by starch results in the formation of agglomerate. The agglomeration size of starch-coated SPION can be decreased by introducing H2O2 as an oxidizing agent; the resulting particle size is 42 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). For the modification of SPION surfaces with MPEG, the surface was first silanized by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (APTMS) as a coupling agent with a thickness of two or three molecular layers. AFM image shows that each cluster includes several magnetite single particles with the cluster size around 120 nm. SPION, both coated and uncoated, have been characterized by several techniques. AFM was used to image the MPEG-coated SPION. FTIR study indicated that the different coating agents cover the SPION surface. Magnetic characterization was carried out using SQUID and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
InBr<sub>3</sub>-Promoted Divergent Approach to Polysubstituted Indoles and Quinolines from 2-Ethynylanilines: Switch from an Intramolecular Cyclization to an Intermolecular Dimerization by a Type of Terminal Substituent Group (2008)

Use of a 2-ethynylaniline having an alkyl or aryl group on the terminal alkyne selectively produced a variety of polyfunctionalized indole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields via indium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the corresponding alkynylaniline. In contrast, employment of a substrate with a trimethylsilyl group or with no substituent group on the terminal triple bond, exclusively afforded polysubstituted quinoline derivatives in good yields via indium-promoted intermolecular dimerization of the ethynylaniline. This indium catalytic system successfully accommodated the intramolecular cyclization of other arylalkyne skeletons involving a carboxylic acid and an amide group.
Phase II study of pibenzimol in pancreatic cancer (1991)

Twenty-three patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with Pibenzimol utilizing a daily intravenous schedule for five days. There were no objective responses seen. The major toxicity was pancreatic with grade 3 hyperglycemia in eleven patients. Pibenzimol is inactive in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Widely Tunable MEMS-Based Fabry–Perot Filter (2009)

This paper describes the use of strain stiffening in fixed-fixed beam actuators to extend the tuning range of microelectromechanical-systems-based Fabry-Perot filters. The measured wavelength tuning range of 1.615-2.425 mum is the largest reported for such a filter. Curvature in the movable mirror was corrected using a low-power oxygen plasma to controllably alter the stress gradient in the mirror. After curvature correction, the linewidth of a filter was 52 nm, close to the theoretical minimum for our mirror design. As a proof of concept, a filter was bonded to a broadband infrared detector, realizing a wavelength-tunable infrared detector. All measured data have been compared to theoretical models of the optics and mechanics of the filters, with excellent agreement between theory and measurement demonstrated in all cases. Finally, the Young's modulus and stress of the actuator materials were extracted directly from the measured voltage-displacement curves, demonstrating a novel technique for material property measurement.
Flow‐Through Synthesis on Teflon‐Patterned Paper To Produce Peptide Arrays for Cell‐Based Assays (2014)

A simple method is described for the patterned deposition of Teflon on paper to create an integrated platform for parallel organic synthesis and cell-based assays. Solvent-repelling barriers made of Teflon-impregnated paper confine organic solvents to specific zones of the patterned array and allow for 96 parallel flow-through syntheses on paper. The confinement and flow-through mixing significantly improves the peptide yield and simplifies the automation of this synthesis. The synthesis of 100 peptides ranging from 7 to 14 amino acids in length gave over 60% purity for the majority of the peptides (>95% yield per coupling/deprotection cycle). The resulting peptide arrays were used in cell-based screening to identify 14 potent bioactive peptides that support the adhesion or proliferation of breast cancer cells in a 3D environment. In the future, this technology could be used for the screening of more complex phenotypic responses, such as cell migration or differentiation.
The National Bureau of Standards Atomic Time Scale: Generation, Stability Accuracy, and Accessibility (1974)

Absrruct-The independent atomic time scale at the National Bureau of Standards AT(NBS), is based upon an ensemble of continuously operating cesium clocks calibrated occasionally by an NBS primary frequency standard. The data of frequency calibrations and interclock comparisons are statistically processed to provide nearly optimum time stability and frequency accuracy. The long-term random fluctuation of AT(NBS) due to nondeterministic perturbations is estimated to be a few parts in and the present accuracy is inferred to be 1 part in A small coordinate rate is added to the rate of AT(NBS) to generate UTC(NBS): this small addition is for the purpose of maintaining syn-chronization within a few microseconds of other international timing centers. IJTQNBS) is readily operationally available over a large part of the world via WWV. WWVH, WWVB, and telephone; also via some passwe time transfer systems, e.g., Loran € and the TV line-10 system; and also experimentaliy via satellite and WWVL. The precision and ac-
Optimized Product Quantization (2014)

Product quantization (PQ) is an effective vector quantization method. A product quantizer can generate an exponentially large codebook at very low memory/time cost. The essence of PQ is to decompose the high-dimensional vector space into the Cartesian product of subspaces and then quantize these subspaces separately. The optimal space decomposition is important for the PQ performance, but still remains an unaddressed issue. In this paper, we optimize PQ by minimizing quantization distortions w.r.t the space decomposition and the quantization codebooks. We present two novel solutions to this challenging optimization problem. The first solution iteratively solves two simpler sub-problems. The second solution is based on a Gaussian assumption and provides theoretical analysis of the optimality. We evaluate our optimized product quantizers in three applications: (i) compact encoding for exhaustive ranking [1], (ii) building inverted multi-indexing for non-exhaustive search [2], and (iii) compacting image representations for image retrieval [3]. In all applications our optimized product quantizers outperform existing solutions.