gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulated Raman scattering in methane-experimental optimization and numerical model (1994)

The stimulated Raman effect in methane was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. An experimental setup was used to optimize the Raman conversion of a 1.06-/spl mu/ laser source into a wavelength of 1.54 /spl mu/m in pressurized methane. Efficient conversion (up to 45% efficiency) is accomplished when using a full-resonator configuration for the Stokes wavelength. A numerical model is introduced, describing the Raman conversion process in the backward and the forward directions. Half-resonator and full-resonator configurations are studied. The results of the numerical model are in agreement with the experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient circuit clustering for area and power reduction in FPGAs (2002)

We present a routability-driven bottom-up clustering technique for area and power reduction in clustered FPGAs. This technique uses a cell connectivity metric to identify seeds for efficient clustering. Effective seed selection, coupled with an interconnect-resource aware clustering and placement, can have a favorable impact on circuit routability. It leads to better device utilization, savings in area, and reduction in power consumption. Routing area reduction of 35% is achieved over previously published results. Power dissipation simulations using a buffered pass-transistor-based FPGA interconnect model are presented. They show that our clustering technique can reduce the overall device power dissipation by an average of 13%.
Load scheduling and health management of electric power generation systems (2002)

This paper presents a concept of information-integrated decision and control to improve the efficiency, operational reliability, and availability for power generation units, especially the more flexible fossil fuel power plants. The proposed approach simultaneously addresses load dispatch and control, maintenance scheduling, and market decision-making that incorporate sensor-based health monitoring, damage prognosis and life-extension of the generating units in the market-driven environment of energy deregulation.
Estimating channel response from pilot subcarrier pairs for OFDM systems (2002)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing mobile communication systems employing an intercarrier interference self-cancellation scheme, the pilot subcarriers employed for channel estimation appear in pairs and thus are nonuniformly distributed. A new channel estimation method based on pilot pairs and a polynomial reconstruction technique are proposed. The idea could be extended to more flexible pilot subcarrier arrangements, allowing rejection of unreliable received pilot signals in practice.
TRAIL and Interferon-α Act Synergistically to Induce Renal Cell Carcinoma Apoptosis (2010)

TRAIL plus interferon-alpha synergistically induces apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells, which is due at least in part to interferon-alpha mediated changes in extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. TRAIL and interferon-alpha combination therapy may be a novel approach to advanced renal cell carcinoma that warrants further testing in vivo.
A Kalman Filter Mechanization for the Baro-Inertial Vertical Channel (1991)

Traditionally, the vertical channel in an inertial system has been stabilized with
barometric altitude feedback loops employing conventional second- or third-order
feedback with constant, time varying, or trajectory dependent gains. With the
increasing availability of GPS for altitude updating. it becomes more attractive to go
to a Kalman filter mechanization of the vertical channel.
Previous Kalman filter mechanizations have used either four or five state variables
which are: inertial altitude error, vertical velocity error, vertical acceleration error.
baromeaic bias error, and sometimes barometric scale factor error for the fifth state.
In these mechanizations, both the barometric bias and scale factor errors are assumed
to be altitude independent. These mechanizations have been reasonably successful.
but can be further improved through better modeling of the barometric scale factor
error. In the actual atmosphere. scale factor deviations (errors) from the Standard
Atmosphere tend to reverse sign at about 26,C00-ft altitude. Hence, a more realistic
error model for scale factor error is one which varies linearly with altitude, passing
through zero at 26,OCO ft.
This paper develops a Kalman filter vertical channel mechanization based upon this
linear error model for scale factor variation with altitude. Simulations of the
resulting vertical channel performance show it to be much superior to either the
conventional mechanizations or to Kalman filter mechanizations with altitude
independent bar0 scale factor error models.
Components, platforms and possibilities (2010)

Model-driven architecture (MDA) is a model-based approach for engineering complex software systems. MDA is particularly attractive for designing embedded systems because models can be easily evolved as hardware and software requirements evolve. However, efforts to apply MDA in industrial settings expose several open problems surrounding tooling: Engineers need automated techniques that are scalable, general, and extensible. In this paper we describe the formula framework as a novel approach towards general automation for MDA. We develop a running example and benchmarks to compare our tools with other state-of-theart approaches.
Structure and molecular model refinement of <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (TAKA) α-amylase: an application of the simulated-annealing method (1991)

Monoclinic crystals of a neutral alpha-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae, containing three molecules in the asymmetric unit, have been reported previously and studied at 3 A resolution [Matsuura, Kunusoki, Harada & Kakudo (1984). J. Biochem. 95, 697-702]. Here we report the solution of the structure of this enzyme in a different crystal form (space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 50.9, b = 67.2, c = 132.7 A), with only one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by the molecular replacement method, using a model of acid alpha-amylase from a related fungus A. niger [Brady, Brzozowski, Derewenda, Dodson & Dodson (1991). Acta Cryst. B47, 527-535]. Conventional least-squares crystallographic refinement failed to converge in a satisfactory manner, and the technique of molecular dynamics in the form of the XPLOR package [Brunger (1988). XPLOR Manual. Yale Univ., USA] was used to overcome the problem. A large rigid-body type movement of the C-terminal domain was identified and accounted for. The final round of restrained least-squares refinement (at 2.1 A resolution) including 3675 protein atoms and 247 water molecules resulted in a conventional crystallographic R factor of 0.183 and an atomic model which conforms well to standard stereochemical parameters (standard deviation of bond lengths from their expected values is 0.028 A, while that for planar groups is 0.029 A).
An Evaluation of Methods for Neuromagnetic Image Reconstruction (1987)

In this paper, we discuss several aspects of a potential new medical imaging modality for producing a quantitative three-dimensional map of neuron current densities associated with brain function. The neuromagnetic image is produced by reconstructing a current dipole field from external magnetic field measurements made with an array of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) detectors. This field is produced by numerical inversion of the Biot-Savart equation. The purpose of the work is to investigate fundamental limits on the feasibility of the proposed system under ideal conditions. The following problems are addressed: 1) What are the factors limiting resolution of the system? 2) What is a suitable model for neural activity in the brain? 3) What classes of algorithms are suitable for estimating the model parameters? The major conclusion of this work is that the inversion problem is severely ill-posed and the choice of model and estimation algorithm are crucial in obtaining reasonable solutions. A class of solutions, termed minimum dipole, is proposed as a means of obtaining more acceptable results.
The performance of public key-enabled kerberos authentication in mobile computing applications (2001)

Authenticating mobile computing users can require a significant amount of processing and communications resources-particularly when protocols based on public key encryption are invoked. These resource requirements can result in unacceptable response times for the user. In this paper, we analyze adaptations of the public key-enabled Kerberos network authentication protocol to a mobile platform by measuring the service time of a skeleton implementation and constructing a closed queuing network model. Our adaptation of Kerberos introduces a proxy server between the client and the server to mitigate potential performance deficiencies and add functional benefits. Our analysis indicates that assistance from the proxy makes public key Kerberos a viable authentication protocol from a performance perspective. However, as wireless network speeds increase from current 2G levels to the 3G targets, the proxy can become a response time liability. The proxy's role in the protocol, while warranted in current applications, will have to be re-modeled and re-considered as both wireless transmission speeds and proxy processing speeds increase.
Skin and cutaneous melanocytic lesion simulation in biomedical optics with multilayered phantoms (2007)

The complex inner layered structure of skin influences the photon diffusion inside the cutaneous tissues and determines the reflectance spectra formation. Phantoms are very useful tools to understand the biophysical meaning of parameters involved in light propagation through the skin. To simulate the skin reflectance spectrum, we realized a multilayered skin-like phantom and a multilayered skin phantom with a melanoma-like phantom embedded inside. Materials used were Al(2)O(3) particles, melanin of sepia officinalis and a calibrator for haematology systems dispersed in transparent silicon. Components were optically characterized with indirect techniques. Reflectance phantom spectra were compared with average values of in vivo spectra acquired on a sample of 573 voluntary subjects and 132 pigmented lesions. The phantoms' reflectance spectra agreed with those measured in vivo, mimicking the optical behaviour of the human skin. Further, the phantoms were optically stable and easily manageable, and represented a valid resource in spectra formation comprehension, in diagnostic laser applications and simulation model implementation, such as the Monte Carlo code for non-homogeneous media.
Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Rhodiola rosea. (2003)

Rhodiola rosea L. (Golden Root) has been used for a long time as an adaptogen in Chinese traditional medicine and is reported to have many pharmacological properties. Along its known secondary metabolites tyrosol (1), salidroside (rhodioloside) (2), rosin (3), rosarin (4), rosavin (5), sachaliside 1 (6) and 4-methoxy-cinnamyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), four compounds were isolated from aqueous methanol extract of the plant and identified as cinnamyl-(6'-O-beta-xylopyranosyl)-O-beta-glucopyranoside (8), 4-methoxy-cinnamyl-(6'-O-alpha-arabinopyranosyl)-O-beta-glucopyranoside (9), picein (10) and benzyl-O-beta-glucopyranoside (11) by UV, MS and NMR methods. Compounds 8 and 9 are new natural compounds whereas compounds 10 and 11 were isolated first time from R. rosea. Also the compounds 6 and 7 are isolated earlier only from the callus cultures of the plant but not from the differentiated plant.
Far Beyond Small Perturabations (1993)

Advantages of single mode resonant applicators at a single frequency, over multimode ovens are examined, particularly for such scientific applications as the heating of liquids, organic chemistry, or sintering and joining of ceramics. It is seen that a knowledge of the spatial distribution of the electric field can be extremely useful in understanding and designing applicators for optimal processing, particularly for applicators which usually violate the small perturbation theory criteria.Numerical modeling of the electromagnetic fields is investigated for a single mode rectangular cavity (TEamp) crossed by a cylindrical tube. This tube is filled with polar liquids such as solvents used in organic chemistry (e.g. water or ethanol)the dilution factor or ratio sample volume (approximately 5 cm3)to cavity volume is close to 10. Solutions for the wave numbers, quality factor, tuned length, and resonant frequency are accomplished by mode-matching techniques. Appropriate field components are matched across the boundary regions to form a characteristic matrix whose complex determinant is zero. The model includes wall losses, and the cavity was always assumed to be tuned at 2.45 GHz. Electric field patterns for water and ethanol for several temperatures and the influence of tube diameter are presented. Numerical results prove that the electric field amplitude inside the lossy sample can greatly differ from the no-loaded cases or expected values of small perturbation theory. An estimating criteria has been proposed to estimate without calculations the electric field amplitude inside the load. Experimental correlations were made with an experimental cavity (TE0715)and experimental results are presented.
A dictionary and morphological analyser for English (1986)

Article Free Access Share on A dictionary and morphological analyser for English Authors: G. J. Russell University of Cambridge University of CambridgeView Profile , S. G. Pulman University of Cambridge University of CambridgeView Profile , G. D. Ritchie University of Edinburgh University of EdinburghView Profile , A. W. Black University of Edinburgh University of EdinburghView Profile Authors Info & Claims COLING '86: Proceedings of the 11th coference on Computational linguisticsAugust 1986 Pages 277–279https://doi.org/10.3115/991365.991446Published:25 August 1986Publication History 10citation364DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads364Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Growth inhibition by dominant-negative mutations of theNEU-encoded oncoprotein (1997)

In the present study, kinase-deficient mutants of the neu gene were constructed in order to generate dominant-negative receptor molecules, which should abolish phosphorylation of receptor complexes. One construct carried a mutation of the putative ATP-binding site (K758M), while the other mutant was generated by deletion of the kinase domain (ID400). Neither receptor showed phosphorylation by in vitro kinase assay. When NIH3T3 fibroblasts were co-transfected by the oncogenic neu gene and one of either construct, the transforming effect could be partially reversed. Therefore, kinase-negative mutations of the neu-encoded receptor seemed to have a dominant-negative effect on the action of the activated protein. To test this hypothesis, rat neurinoma cell lines containing oncogenic neu genes were transfected with the constructs. Expression of the kinase-defective mutants and reduced phosphorylation could be detected in different clones derived from single transfected cells. Striking growth inhibition and reduction of colony formation in soft agar were observed in these cell lines when compared with untransfected cells. Thus, kinase-deficient mutants exert a dominant-negative effect on phosphorylation of receptor complexes, resulting in a reversion of the transformed phenotype.
High growth rate transparent conducting zinc-oxide thin film prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique for device applications (2002)

Transparent conducting zinc oxide films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using diethylzinc/H/sub 2/O and dimethylzinc/H/sub 2/O reactant systems. The dimethylzinc/H/sub 2/O reactant system was introduced for the first time in this study to grow ZnO films. A very high growth rate of 10 /spl mu/m/h was obtained. The B/sub 2/H/sub 6/ was also employed is an n-type dopant to lower the sheet resistivity of the films. By optimizing the B/sub 2/H/sub 6/ flow rate, the films with a sheet resistivity as low as 4 /spl Omega//sq was achieved. The films showed a high transmittance of around 90% in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1000 nm, suggesting their suitability to be used as transparent conducting materials.
A 45 nm CMOS-SOI Monolithic Photonics Platform With Bit-Statistics-Based Resonant Microring Thermal Tuning (2016)

The microring resonator is critical for dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) chip-to-chip optical I/O, enabling modulation and channel selection at the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\upmu\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> -scale suitable for a VLSI chip. Microring-based links, however, require active tuning to counteract process and thermo-optic variations. Here, we present a bit-statistical tuner that decouples tracking of optical one- and zero-levels to realize non-dc-balanced data transmission, an “eye-max”-locking controller, and self-heating cancellation without need for a high-speed sensing frontend. We implement the tuner on a 45 nm CMOS-SOI process with monolithically integrated photonic devices and circuits. The tuner consumes 0.74 mW in the logic while achieving a record 524 GHz ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$</tex-math></inline-formula> 50 K temperature) tuning range at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.8\;\upmu\text{W/GHz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> heater efficiency. To our knowledge, this is the highest range and heater efficiency reported by an on-chip closed-loop thermal tuner to date. The tuner integrates with a 5 Gb/s 30 fJ/bit monolithic microring transmitter, achieving wavelength-lock and immunity to both tracking failures and self-heating events caused by arbitrary, non-dc-balanced bitstreams. In addition, the tuner provides critical functionality for an 11- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$</tex-math></inline-formula> DWDM transmitter macro capable of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11\ \times\ 8$</tex-math></inline-formula> Gb/s bandwidth on a fiber. Together with the transmitter, a 10 Gb/s on-chip monolithic optical receiver with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-{\textbf{12}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> BER sensitivity of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9\;\upmu\text{A}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 10 Gb/s enables a sub-pJ/bit 5 Gb/s optical chip-to-chip link, with the bit-statistical tuner providing thermally robust microring operation.
39.4: Development of Full Color Passive PLED Displays by Inkjet Printing (2003)

Abstract The solution processibility of polymer OLED materials allows for the development of a full color display by inkjet printing RGB subpixels. We report on the development of a two‐inch diagonal (80 dpi) passive matrix display using multi‐nozzle inkjet tools. Both the aqueous PEDOT buffer layer and organic solvent‐based PLED inks were deposited by inkjet printing. This paper will discuss some of the technical issues surrounding inkjet printing OLED displays. Images of the all‐print passive matrix PLED display are presented.
Fundamentals of heat transfer (2022)

Heat transfer deals with the rate of heat flow as a result of temperature differences. There are three principal mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation, and all are relevant to electrical machines. Conduction occurs principally in solids and the rate of heat flow is determined by the temperature gradient and the thermal conductivity of the material. In electrical machines, it is of concern in dissipating heat in solid regions, such as the electrical conductors, magnetic iron, insulating materials, and frame.Convection is the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases and is associated with the transfer of heat by movement of the fluid. Air or liquid cooling systems are used on most electrical machines and the nature of the fluid flow, in terms of the type of fluid and flow pattern over the surfaces being cooled, determines the rate of heat transfer by convection.Radiation heat transfer is in the form of electromagnetic radiation and in electrical machines occurs principally between solid surfaces separated by air gaps. Solids and liquids used in electrical machines can be considered to be opaque to thermal radiation and air can be considered to be transparent and not interact with radiation heat transfer.This chapter gives a basic introduction to heat transfer and focuses on aspects that are particularly relevant to electrical machines. Many textbooks give more detailed coverage of the subject that may be referred to and examples are given in Refs [1-5].
Formation of ordered tetragonal PtCo from epitaxial multilayers (1996)

Formation of ordered tetragonal PtCo from epitaxial Pt(001)Co(001) multilayers was observed via in situ X-ray diffraction measurements at four different annealing temperatures. The measured activation energy of formation of ordered PtCo is 2.1 ± 0.2 eV. Ordering in the PtCo phase is not complete even after 1100 min annealing at 570°C. Growth proceeds by nucleation of domains less than 10 Å in thickness, which thicken at a rate approximately proportional to the square root of time.
A quad-issue out-of-order RISC CPU (2002)

A 64 b 4-way superscalar PA-RISC microprocessor system operating from 150-250 MHz combines full out-of-order execution with low-cycle time, to produce >360 specint and >550 specfp. Specialized latching and clock circuits and extensive use of dynamic logic enable high frequency operation. 3.8 M logic transistors are integrated on a 17.68/spl times/19.1 mm/sup 2/ die in 3.3 V 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS.
Glucose controls multiple processes in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>through diverse combinations of signaling pathways (2007)

We have studied how the lack of glucose sensors in the plasma membrane, or of the enzymes Hxk1, Hxk2, Glk1, which catalyze the first intracellular step in glucose metabolism, affect the different responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to glucose. Lack of the G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr1 or of Snf3/Rgt2 did not affect glucose repression of different genes or activation by glucose of plasma membrane ATPase, whereas lack of Gpr1 decreased, in an additive manner with lack of Mth1, the degradation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase that takes place in the presence of glucose. In an hxk1 hxk2 glk1 strain, unable to phosphorylate glucose, all of these responses to the sugar were suppressed or strongly reduced. In the absence of Hxk2 (or Hxk1 and Hxk2), glucose repression of SUC2, GAL1 and GDH2 was relieved, but that of FBP1 and ICL1 was maintained. Hxk1 or Hxk2 were needed for activation of plasma membrane ATPase but not for degradation of FbPase.