gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF METHOTREXATE WITH PLACEBO IN THE TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A 24 WEEK RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL, FOLLOWED BY A 24 WEEK OBSERVATIONAL TRIAL (1996)

In this study, methotrexate (MTX) was compared with placebo in the treatment of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) in a 24 week randomized double-blind trial, followed by an observational trial of 24 weeks duration. Twenty-nine scleroderma patients were allocated to receive weekly injections of either 15 mg MTX or placebo. Patients who responded favourably after 24 weeks continued with the same regimen for a further 24 weeks; those who showed a poor response on placebo were allocated to further treatment with 15 mg MTX weekly, and those who responded poorly to treatment with 15 mg MTX weekly had their doses increased to 25 mg. A favourable response was defined as an improvement of total skin score (TSS) by ≧ 30%, of single breath diffusion capacity (DLco) by ≧ 15%, or of the score on a visual analogue scale of general well-being (VAS) by ≧ 30%, provided that such improvements were not accompanied by persistent digital ulcerations or worsening of DLco ≧15%. Seventeen patients were allocated to MTX treatment and 12 to treatment with placebo. After 24 weeks, a significantly larger number of patients receiving MTX (n = 8, 53%) who completed the first 24 weeks of the study had responded favourably compared to patients receiving placebo (n = 1, 10%, P = 0.03). Comparison of separate variables between the two treatment groups by intention-to-treat analysis at week 24 showed improvement in the MTX group of TSS (P = 0.06) and creatinine clearance (P = 0.07). At week 48, 13 patients received MTX from the start of the study and nine during 24 weeks. From these 22 patients, 15 (68%) responded favourably and compared with the start of the study they showed significant improvement of TSS (P = 0.04), VAS (P = 0.02), grip strength of the right hand (P = 0.02) and ESR (P = 0.01). Although the number of patients enrolled in this study is small, these results suggest that in a group of patients with active systemic sclerosis, low-dose MTX seems to be more effective than placebo according to pre-defined response criteria.
Accurate analysis of multimode interference devices (1996)

The accurate analysis of multimode interference devices is demonstrated by using the least-squares boundary residual (LSBR) method. Accurate modal propagation constants and spatial field profiles in the multimode interference (MMI) section can be obtained by using the finite-element method. The accurate calculation of the excited modal coefficients is achieved by using the LSBR, which satisfies the continuity of the transverse field components more rigorously than the simple overlap integrals.
Abolition of G protein inhibition of <i>α</i><sub>1A</sub> and <i>α</i><sub>1B</sub> calcium channels by co‐expression of the <i>β</i><sub>3</sub> subunit (1995)

Three different classes of alpha 1 Ca2+ channel (alpha 1A, alpha 1B, alpha 1C) were expressed in Xenopus oocytes to determine whether G protein-mediated inhibition is an inherent property of the alpha 1 subunit itself, and if so, whether co-expression of auxiliary subunits modulates the inhibition seen. From our data it is apparent that either alpha 1A or alpha 1B Ca2+ channels expressed alone are sufficient for voltage-dependent G protein inhibition. alpha 1C Ca2+ channels expressed alone do not exhibit the G protein inhibition seen in alpha 1A and alpha 1B channels. Additionally, co-expression of the beta 3 subunit abolishes the ability of G proteins to inhibit currents through alpha 1A and alpha 1B Ca2+ channels. Differential sensitivity of alpha 1 as well as modulation of properties by beta 3 provide a potential mechanism for the regulation of G protein-mediated inhibition in neurons.
Enhanced degradation and deep-level formation at dislocations in GaAs0.6P0.4 LED’s (1977)

Spatially resolved measurements of the red (1.9 eV) and infrared (1.27 eV) luminescence, resulting from near-edge and deep-level recombinations, respectively, are presented. The samples are excited by current injection at 300 K and measured before and after a period of stressed operation. An enhanced degradation is observed at distinct lines running parallel to 〈110〉 directions which is combined just there with an increasing density of the deep-level recombination centers.
Synthesis of extensive, possibly complete, DNA copies of poliovirus RNA in high yields and at high specific activities. (1976)

The synthesis of large, possibly complete, complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of poliovirus RNA by avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase is described. The cDNA consists of two size classes, the larger of which is approximately 7500 nucleotides. In the presence of excess deoxynucleoside triphosphates, ribonucleoside triphosphates, or sodium pyrophosphate, only the larger material is obtained. Yields of the large cDNA are 50-75% of the input RNA.
Cysteamine Acts Immediately to Inhibit Prolactin Release and Induce Cellular Changes in Estradiol-Primed Male Rats (1984)

Cysteamine (CSH) has an inhibitory effect on the secretion of PRL, GH and TSH. The purpose of the present study was twofold: (1) to examine the short-term effects of CSH on PRL secretion, and (2) to elucidate the mechanism of action of CSH. CSH (100 mg/kg) was injected as an intra-atrial bolus to both normal and estradiol-primed male Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood samples were drawn every 2 min for 1 h and assayed for PRL. To determine if the actions of CSH involved PIF release or PIF receptors, a dopamine receptor blocking agent, pimozide (100 micrograms/kg) was given intra-atrially 1 h after the CSH injection and PRL concentration was monitored. Within 6 min after the CSH injection PRL levels in estradiol-primed rats began to fall, and by 30 min postinjection the levels were well below baseline values. Blocking the dopamine receptors with pimozide did not result in increased PRL levels, indicating that CSH was acting through some mechanism not directly involving dopaminergic PIF receptors. In a separate study, 6 min after the injection of CSH the rats were decapitated and their anterior pituitaries were removed and processed for electron microscopy. Only mammotrophs from estradiol-primed rats treated with CSH showed an extensive rearrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in concentric whorls around the periphery of the cells. These studies show that the inhibition of PRL secretion by CSH begins within 6 min, and is appreciable only when basal PRL levels are increased by estrogen priming.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Selection of GPC Columns by Calculation to Produce a Column Set With Desired Molecular Weight Range and Calibration Range (1973)

Selection of GPC columns to produce a column set having the desired molecular weight range and calibration curve (relatively straight) has been largely a trial and error procedure. An initial guess is made as to which columns will produce a set having the desired range and calibration curve. The set is assembled and calibrated. The calibration curve is examined to determine if the set is satisfactory. If it is not, the procedure is repeated, and so on until a suitable range and curve are obtained. This paper describes a method for selection of a satisfactory column set by means of calculations after calibration of individual columns. Additionally it is suggested that the parameters described could well be used instead of the current angstrom rating to classify columns. Were these parameters available, even the single column calibration step could be omitted.
Generic Automated Multi-function Finger Design (2016)

Multi-function fingers that are able to handle multiple workpieces are crucial in improvement of a robot workcell. Design automation of multi-function fingers is highly demanded by robot industries to overcome the current iterative, time consuming and complex manual design process. However, the existing approaches for the multi-function finger design automation are unable to entirely meet the robot industries need. This paper proposes a generic approach for design automation of multi-function fingers. The proposed approach completely automates the design process and requires no expert skill. In addition, this approach executes the design process much faster than the current manual process. To validate the approach, multi-function fingers are successfully designed for two case studies. Further, the results are discussed and benchmarked with existing approaches.
Disposal of Municipal Refuse (1905)

It is necessary to try and define what is understood by “municipal refuse;” local customs and regulations being liable to create quite important differences, so that misunderstandings might result because of doubt concerning the kind of refuse considered. The industrial refuse includes in a general way all the waste and refuse produced by the various industries established in cities. The kinds of refuse being as numerous as the industries themselves, it is out of the question to try and enumerate them all.
Synthesis of Polycarbonate-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites via Cyclic Oligomers (2000)

A partially exfoliated bisphenol A polycarbonate nanocomposite has been prepared by using carbonate cyclic oligomers and ditallow dimethyl exchanged montmorillonite (B34). Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) indicated that exfoliation of this organically modified layered silicate (OLS) occurs after mixing with the cyclic oligomers in a brabender mixer for 1 h at 180 °C. Subsequent ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic oligomers converted the matrix into linear polymer without disruption of the layer dispersion. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that a partially exfoliated structure was obtained, although no indication of layer correlation was observed in WAXD. If linear polycarbonate was similarly treated with B34 in a brabender mixer, only an intercalated hybrid was obtained. Furthermore, conventional melt or solution processing of the B34 with either linear polycarbonate or cyclic oligomers yielded intercalated nanocomposites with interlayer spacings of 3.27 and 3.6−3.8 nm, respectively. These results demonstrate that consideration of molecular architecture (cyclic vs linear) and kinetics (medium viscosity and shear) is critical for nanocomposite formation.
Radio-frequency tissue ablation: effect of pharmacologic modulation of blood flow on coagulation diameter. (1998)

The coagulation necrosis achieved for a standardized RF application correlates with relative tissue perfusion. Pharmacologic reduction of blood flow during thermally mediated percutaneous ablation may induce greater coagulation necrosis.
QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis of cowpea reveals candidate genes for root-knot nematode resistance (2018)

Cowpea is one of the most important food and forage legumes in drier regions of the tropics and subtropics. However, cowpea yield worldwide is markedly below the known potential due to abiotic and biotic stresses, including parasitism by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp., RKN). Two resistance genes with dominant effect, Rk and Rk2, have been reported to provide resistance against RKN in cowpea. Despite their description and use in breeding for resistance to RKN and particularly genetic mapping of the Rk locus, the exact genes conferring resistance to RKN remain unknown. In the present work, QTL mapping using recombinant inbred line (RIL) population 524B x IT84S-2049 segregating for a newly mapped locus and analysis of the transcriptome changes in two cowpea near-isogenic lines (NIL) were used to identify candidate genes for Rk and the newly mapped locus. A major QTL, designated QRk-vu9.1, associated with resistance to Meloidogyne javanica reproduction, was detected and mapped on linkage group LG9 at position 13.37 cM using egg production data. Transcriptome analysis on resistant and susceptible NILs 3 and 9 days after inoculation revealed up-regulation of 109 and 98 genes and down-regulation of 110 and 89 genes, respectively, out of 19,922 unique genes mapped to the common bean reference genome. Among the differentially expressed genes, four and nine genes were found within the QRk-vu9.1 and QRk-vu11.1 QTL intervals, respectively. Six of these genes belong to the TIR-NBS-LRR family of resistance genes and three were upregulated at one or more time-points. Quantitative RT-PCR validated gene expression to be positively correlated with RNA-seq expression pattern for eight genes. Future functional analysis of these cowpea genes will enhance our understanding of Rk-mediated resistance and identify the specific gene responsible for the resistance.
Fluorometric Determination of Aluminum (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorometric Determination of AluminumEdward GoonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 8, 1216Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60080a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60080a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Breadcrumbs: Efficient, Best-Effort Content Location in Cache Networks (2009)

For several years, web caching has been used to meet the ever-increasing Web access loads. A fundamental capability of all such systems is that of inter-cache coordination, which can be divided into two main types: explicit and implicit coordination. While the former allows for greater control over resource allocation, the latter does not suffer from the additional communication overhead needed for coordination. In this paper, we consider a network in which each router has a local cache that caches files passing through it. By additionally storing minimal information regarding caching history, we develop a simple content caching, location, and routing systems that adopts an implicit, transparent, and best-effort approach towards caching. Though only best effort, the policy outperforms classic policies that allow explicit coordination between caches.
Cycloreversion of Rhenium(V) Diolates Containing the Hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate Ancillary Ligand (1998)

Hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)boratorhenium(V) diolates cyclorevert to Tp‘ReO3 and alkene at elevated temperatures in nonpolar solvents. Comparison of activation parameters to those of the analogous pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes show the former have similar ΔS⧧'s, but higher ΔH⧧'s by 2−4 kcal/mol. Computation of the frontier orbitals for this ligand system show that the appropriate acceptor orbital on the metal is pushed to higher energy compared to the case where the ligand is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, consistent with predictions for the proposed stepwise mechanism of this reaction.
An empiric path towards fraud detection and protection for NFC-enabled mobile payment system (2019)

The synthesis of NFC technology accompanying mobile payment is a state-of-the-art resolution for payment users. In view of rapid development in electronic payment system there is rise in fraudulent activity in banking transactions associated with credit cards and card-not-present transaction. M-Commerce aid the consumers and helps to bestow real-time information in payment system. Due to the familiarization of m-commerce there is cogent increase in the number of fraudulent activities, emerging in billions of dollar loss every year worldwide. To absolute the security breaches, payment transactions could be confined by considering various parameters like user and device authentication, consumer behavior pattern, geolocation and velocity. In this paper we formally assay NFC-enabled mobile payment fraud detection ecosystem using score-based evaluation method. The fraud detection ecosystem will provide a solution based on transaction risk-modeling, scoring transaction, business rule-based, and cross-field referencing. The score-based evaluation method will analyze the transaction and reckon every transaction for fraud risk and take pertinent decision.
POLYCHRONOUS WAVEFRONT COMPUTATIONS (2009)

There is great interest in methods for computing that do not involve digital machines. Many computational paradigms were inspired by brain research, such as Boolean neuronal logic [McCulloch & Pitts, 1943], the perceptron [Rosenblatt, 1958], attractor neural networks [Hopfield, 1982] and cellular neural nets [Chua & Yang, 1988]. All these paradigms abstract biological circuits to artificial neural networks, i.e. interconnected units (neurons) that perform computations based on the connections between the units (synapses). Here we present a novel computational framework based on polychronous wavefront dynamics. It is entirely different from an artificial neural network paradigm, rather it is based on temporal and spatial patterns of activity in pulse-propagating media and their interaction with transponders, which create pulses in response to receiving appropriate inputs, e.g. two coincident input pulses. A pulse propagates as a circular wave from its source to other transponders. Computations result from interactions between transponders, and they are encoded by the exact physical locations of transponders and by precise timings of pulses. We illustrate temporal pattern recognition, reverberating memory, temporal signal analysis and basic logical operations using polychronous wavefront computations. This work reveals novel principles for designing nanoscale computational devices.
Combined pattern collapse and LWR control at the 70 nm node through application of novel surface conditioner solutions (2005)

As pattern collapse and line width roughness (LWR) become critical lithography challenges, there is growing interest in applying surface conditioner solutions during the post-develop process to address BOTH these issues. In this paper, we patterned 90nm 1:1.2 lines/spaces (L/S) on 200mm wafers and 70nm dense lines on 300mm wafers to evaluate the combined performance of pattern collapse and LWR using newly formulated surface conditioners. The performance of each conditioner was compared to the standard formulation, which is capable of significant pattern collapse reduction, but affords no LWR improvement. These newly improved formulations enabled a ~20% LWR reduction for 90nm features and a ~10% LWR reduction for 70nm dense lines. In addition, the new formulations significantly enlarged the LWR and CD process windows for 70nm dense lines, as demonstrated by a 50% increase of maximum depth of focus (DOF) over the standard formulation.
Rating the Burn Scar (1990)

A reliable, objective, and universal method of assessing burn scars does not exist in today's burn literature. Such a method is necessary to provide a descriptive terminology for the comparison of burn scars and the results of treatment. The method should be applicable to patients both within an institution and between burn centers. A burn scar assessment has been devised based on physical parameters. These relate to the healing and maturation of wounds, cosmetic appearance, and the function of the healed skin. Pigmentation, vascularity, pliability, and scar height are assessed independently, with increasing score being assigned to the greater pathologic condition. Normal skin has a score of 0. Seventy-three patients were assessed by three separate occupational therapists and the findings subjected to statistical analysis for interrater reliability. For each parameter a Cohen's kappa statistic of approximately 0.5 +/- 0.1 indicates a statistically significant agreement between observers. These values were found to improve with time. This appears to be a useful tool for the assessment of burn scars, allowing objective comparison of the same scar by different observers.
Ultrasonic phased arrays for weld inspections (2002)

Ultrasonic phased arrays are well suited to weld inspections. Phased arrays can perform electronic scanning (where a scan pattern is rapidly multiplexed across a component), sectorial scanning (where the angle of inspection is varied), and combinations of these two. Electronic scanning increases inspection speed using linear scanning, while sectorial sweeping permits the beams to be precisely targeted at selected portions of the welds. The combination permits customized, high speed scans, which create high quality, tailored inspections. This paper describes some of the weld inspections using phased arrays.
An Electrophoretic Capture Method for Efficient Recovery of Rare Sequences from Heterogeneous DNA (2008)

It is difficult to isolate rare, PCR-quality DNA from specimens containing large quantities of nonspecific DNA from multiple sources (heterogeneous DNA). Extracting human DNA from stool for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests exemplifies this technically challenging sample preparation problem. The stool matrix is complex, the DNA composition heterogeneous, and CRC-associated mutated DNA is rare. This report describes a novel solid phase DNA sequence-specific hybrid capture sample preparation method: the reversible electrophoretic capture affinity protocol (RECAP). We show that RECAP, compared with other methods, is capable of extracting linearly increasing amounts of human DNA from increasing amounts of total stool DNA in a manner that avoids co-purifying PCR inhibitors. RECAP thereby increases the yield of rare mutated DNA molecules and thus increases the detection sensitivity for CRC-associated mutations.
Ascomycin: an advance in the management of atopic dermatitis (2001)

Professor Griffiths is an advisor to Novartis Pharmaceuticals U.K. Ltd., manufacturers of ascomycin. The demonstration that topical glucocorticosteroids are an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis1 was one of the major breakthroughs in dermatological therapy in the past 50 years. Any new therapy that has marked efficacy is subject to an initial flurry of overuse with scant regard for potential side‐effects, particularly if used in areas with a previously unmet need. As a consequence, the undoubted efficacy of topical glucocorticosteroids has been overshadowed by a litany of side‐effects ranging from suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis to cutaneous atrophy and striae. Unfortunately, this had reached such a stage at the end of the 20th century that, in the UK at least, a steroid phobia2 reigned, particularly amongst patients, parents of children with atopic dermatitis and general practitioners. As a consequence many patients were opting for the seemingly safer haven of alternative or herbal remedies, not all of which are steroid‐free3 and are certainly more expensive. Thus the opportunity was ripe for the introduction of a topical immunosuppressive or immunomodulator that was not a steroid.