gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multi-scale Multiple Instance Video Description Network (2015)

Generating natural language descriptions for in-the-wild videos is a challenging task. Most state-of-the-art methods for solving this problem borrow existing deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures (AlexNet, GoogLeNet) to extract a visual representation of the input video. However, these deep CNN architectures are designed for single-label centered-positioned object classification. While they generate strong semantic features, they have no inherent structure allowing them to detect multiple objects of different sizes and locations in the frame. Our paper tries to solve this problem by integrating the base CNN into several fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) to form a multi-scale network that handles multiple receptive field sizes in the original image. FCNs, previously applied to image segmentation, can generate class heat-maps efficiently compared to sliding window mechanisms, and can easily handle multiple scales. To further handle the ambiguity over multiple objects and locations, we incorporate the Multiple Instance Learning mechanism (MIL) to consider objects in different positions and at different scales simultaneously. We integrate our multi-scale multi-instance architecture with a sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural network to generate sentence descriptions based on the visual representation. Ours is the first end-to-end trainable architecture that is capable of multi-scale region processing. Evaluation on a Youtube video dataset shows the advantage of our approach compared to the original single-scale whole frame CNN model. Our flexible and efficient architecture can potentially be extended to support other video processing tasks.
Trametinib Drives T-cell–Dependent Control of KRAS-Mutated Tumors by Inhibiting Pathological Myelopoiesis (2016)

Targeted therapies elicit seemingly paradoxical and poorly understood effects on tumor immunity. Here, we show that the MEK inhibitor trametinib abrogates cytokine-driven expansion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) from human or mouse myeloid progenitors. MEK inhibition also reduced the production of the mMDSC chemotactic factor osteopontin by tumor cells. Together, these effects reduced mMDSC accumulation in tumor-bearing hosts, limiting the outgrowth of KRas-driven breast tumors, even though trametinib largely failed to directly inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Accordingly, trametinib impeded tumor progression in vivo through a mechanism requiring CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, which was paradoxical given the drug's reported ability to inhibit effector lymphocytes. Confirming our observations, adoptive transfer of tumor-derived mMDSC reversed the ability of trametinib to control tumor growth. Overall, our work showed how the effects of trametinib on immune cells could partly explain its effectiveness, distinct from its activity on tumor cells themselves. More broadly, by providing a more incisive view into how MEK inhibitors may act against tumors, our findings expand their potential uses to generally block mMDSC expansion, which occurs widely in cancers to drive their growth and progression. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6253-65. ©2016 AACR.
Amino acid assisted templating synthesis of hierarchical zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 for efficient arsenate removal (2013)

We report the strategy of using the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and amino acid L-histidine (His) as co-templates to produce hierarchical ZIF-8 in an aqueous system at room temperature. The hierarchical ZIF-8 had both meso- and microporous structure, resulting in a high mesopore volume as well as specific surface area which can be controlled by the synthesis conditions. We put forward the hypothesis for the formation of a mesoporous structure and the enhancement of the porosity of ZIF-8 that the histidine plays a key role on the stabilization of CTAB micelles and avoiding the production of unexpected by-products therefore promotes the fabrication of pure phase ZIF-8 containing the mesopores interconnected with micropores. The prepared hierarchical ZIF-8 exhibited an excellent performance as a new kind of porous absorbent for efficient removal of the toxic arsenate.
Array-Based Sensing of Metastatic Cells and Tissues Using Nanoparticle–Fluorescent Protein Conjugates (2012)

Rapid and sensitive methods of discriminating between healthy tissue and metastases are critical for predicting disease course and designing therapeutic strategies. We report here the use of an array of gold nanoparticle-green fluorescent protein elements to rapidly detect metastatic cancer cells (in minutes), as well as to discriminate between organ-specific metastases and their corresponding normal tissues through their overall intracellular proteome signatures. Metastases established in a new preclinical non-small-cell lung cancer metastasis model in athymic mice were used to provide a challenging and realistic testbed for clinical cancer diagnosis. Full differentiation between the analyte cell/tissue was achieved with as little as 200 ng of intracellular protein (~1000 cells) for each nanoparticle, indicating high sensitivity of this sensor array. Notably, the sensor created a distinct fingerprint pattern for the normal and metastatic tumor tissues. Moreover, this array-based approach is unbiased, precluding the requirement of a priori knowledge of the disease biomarkers. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the utility of this sensor for creating fingerprints of cells and tissues in different states and present a generalizable platform for rapid screening amenable to microbiopsy samples.
Phase I Randomised Clinical Trial of an HIV-1CN54, Clade C, Trimeric Envelope Vaccine Candidate Delivered Vaginally (2011)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00637962.
Application of common gate and common draincircuits to microwave active filtering (1995)

Active filtering has been an area of interest for several years. Well-stabilised commercial MMIC processes with reasonable costs now exist (with multichip projects). The authors report the design of a narrowband active MMIC bandpass filter centred about 4 GHz.
Monte Carlo‐aided dosimetry of a new high dose‐rate brachytherapy source (1998)

In this article we introduce a new high-intensity 192Ir source design for use in a recently reengineered microSelectron-HDR remote afterloading device for high dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. The maximum rigid length and outer diameter of the new source are reduced to 4.95 and 0.90 mm, respectively, compared to 5.50 and 1.10 mm for the previous source design introduced in 1991. In addition, a smaller diameter and more flexible steel cable are used, allowing the source cable to negotiate smaller diameter catheters or more tortuously curved catheters. Using Monte Carlo photon transport simulation, the complete two-dimensional (2-D) dose-rate distribution is calculated over the 0.1-7 cm distance range and are presented both as conventional 2-D Cartesian lookup tables and in the formalism recommended by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43 (TG-43) Report. The dose distribution of this source is very similar to that of its predecessor, except near the source tip and in the shadow of the cable assembly, where differences of 5%-8% are apparent. The accuracy of various methods for extrapolating beyond the tubulated anisotropy functions to short distances is evaluated. It is demonstrated that linear extrapolation from the anisotropy functions defined by TG-43 accurately (+/- 2%) estimates dose rate at short and long distances lying outside the radial distance range of the original measured data from which the anisotropy and radial dose functions were derived. In contrast, the algorithm used on the vendor's planning system results in large calculation errors at distances less than 5 mm.
Production and utilization of monoclonal antibodies against Pseudomonas cepacia. (1990)

To obtain monoclonal antibodies (MABs) specific to Pseudomonas cepacia (Pc) strain RB 425, the live cells (L) and the fixed cells (F) by glutaraldehyde were injected to mice, respectively. Sixteen and 8 hybridoma lines were established from L-immunized and F-immunized mouse, respectively. Three MABs from L-hybridoma lines and another 3 MABs from F-hybridoma lines were used for the specific detection and analyses of the epitopes on Pc. Although some of the 6 MABs of ascitic fluids showed almost the same titers as rabbit antisera in indirect ELI-SA, they had a limited ability to precipitate and agglutinate the L cells. The reactivity of the 6 MABs was tested with L, F, heated L (HL) and heated F (HF) cells in indirect ELISA. Three out of 6 MABs were heterospecific antibodies that reacted more strongly with HL cells than did with each immunogen. Three types of epitopes were classified by the reactivity of MABs with L and F cells. The specificity of MABs was detected by indirect ELISA. The live cells of 5 Pc strains, 6 pseudomonads species, and other bacterial genera were studied for their antigenicity. Five epitopes were distinguished by the reaction patterns of the MABs, and the specificity of the MABs was different in the 5 strains of Pc. Furthermore, 2 MABs from L-hybridoma lines showed a wide specificity in their reaction with pseudomonads, while the others reacted only with the strains of Pc.
A new platform-based orthogonal SoC design methodology (2003)

Platform-Based Design methodology was lately brought forward within SoC design field to meet the increasing complexity on single chip and pressure on TTM (Time-to-Market). The orthogonalization of concerns is becoming a more important concept in system level design of SoC. A new platform-based design flow is proposed in this paper, in which orthogonalization design idea is adequately expressed. The design flow of chip CC2112A is given as a case study of the new flow in this paper.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PERMEABLE PAVEMENT AND A BIORETENTION SWALE (2006)

There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the limitations of traditional end-of-pipe stormwater management controls, such as ponds and wetlands, in protecting watercourses (e.g. ABL, 2006; Jones et al, 1996; Maxted and Shaver, 1996; Stribling et al., 2001). While these practices are relatively effective
Net Clinical Benefit of Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

In almost all patients with atrial fibrillation, the risk of ischemic stroke without anticoagulant treatment is higher than the risk of intracranial bleeding with anticoagulant treatment. Analysis of the net benefit indicates that more patients may benefit from anticoagulant treatment.
Non-destructive optical screening method for particulate matter in intravenous solutions (1980)

W. J. Passl, N. Rumsey and A. Trotter, Analyst, 1980, 105, 512 DOI: 10.1039/AN9800500512
Automatic partitioning for deterministic test (1992)

Automatic partitioning for digital circuits is proposed. The partitions are defined by using functional testability measures and a test difficulty estimation. The software, developed with an expert system generator, is embedded in a hierarchical test generation process. The partitioning technique proposed uses difficulty test estimation corresponding to the maximal number of logical gates that can be embedded in a given partition. This parameter represents the maximal number of gates that can be handled by the tool. >
Transformation in Bacillus subtilis: a 75,000-dalton protein complex is involved in binding and entry of donor DNA (1984)

A 75,000-dalton protein complex involved in DNA binding during transformation was purified from membranes of competent Bacillus subtilis cells. Previous results (Smith et al., J. Bacteriol. 156:101-108, 1983) showed that the complex contained two polypeptides, polypeptide a (molecular weight, 18,000; isoelectric point, 5.0) and polypeptide b (molecular weight, 17,000; isoelectric point, 4.7) in approximately equal amounts. In the present experiments the two polypeptides were extracted from two-dimensional gels and studied separately and in combination with respect to DNA binding and nuclease activities. For DNA binding the interaction of both polypeptides was required. DNA binding occurred efficiently in the presence of EDTA. Nuclease activity was restricted to polypeptide b. The nucleolytic properties of b were identical to those of the native 75,000-dalton complex. Polypeptide a affected b by reducing its nuclease activity. Analysis of the nuclease subunit b on DNA-containing polyacrylamide gels revealed nuclease activities at four different molecular weight positions. These activities were identical to the major competence-specific nuclease activities which were previously implicated in the entry of donor DNA during transformation (Mulder and Venema, J. Bacteriol. 152:166-174, 1982). These results indicate that the 75,000-dalton protein complex is composed of two different competence-specific polypeptides involved in both binding and entry of donor DNA. The possible roles of the two polypeptides in the transformation of B. subtilis are discussed.
Kinesin and Dynein Move a Peroxisome in Vivo: A Tug-of-War or Coordinated Movement? (2005)

We used fluorescence imaging with one nanometer accuracy (FIONA) to analyze organelle movement by conventional kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein in a cell. We located a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged peroxisome in cultured Drosophila S2 cells to within 1.5 nanometers in 1.1 milliseconds, a 400-fold improvement in temporal resolution, sufficient to determine the average step size to be approximately 8 nanometers for both dynein and kinesin. Furthermore, we found that dynein and kinesin do not work against each other in vivo during peroxisome transport. Rather, multiple kinesins or multiple dyneins work together, producing up to 10 times the in vitro speed.
Mobility Enhancement of Graphene Nanoribbon by ALD HfO2 and Its Optoelectronic Properties (2015)

We demonstrated that depositing HfO2 film on graphene nanoribbons greatly enhance the mobility through weakening the Coulombic interactions. As a result, the graphene nanoribbon photodetectors with HfO2 layer exhibits high responsivity of ~2A/W at room temperature.
Obstacle detection and avoidance maneuver selection for automatically guided rotorcraft nap-of-the-earth flight following planned flight profiles (2003)

A procedure for unexpected obstacle avoidance is presented for automatically piloted rotorcraft flying in nap of the earth conditions along a prescribed flight path. Acquired knowledge from the sensed environment is correlated with the forehand knowledge of the recorded environment (terrain, cultural features, threats, and targets) used in the automatic guidance of the rotorcraft. This correlated knowledge is then used to determine an appropriate evasive maneuver if a nonconformity of the sensed and recorded environments is observed. Simulation testing using an autopilot validated the decision-making capacity of this procedure and the resultant maneuvering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PAINTING IN ISLAM: a Study of the Place of Pictorial Art in Muslim Culture. <i>By</i> Sir Thomas W. Arnold. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1928. pp. XVIII, 159, <i>with</i> 65 <i>plates of which</i> 8 <i>are in colour</i>. 84<i>s</i>. (1930)

PAINTING IN ISLAM: a Study of the Place of Pictorial Art in Muslim Culture. By Sir Thomas W. Arnold. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1928. pp. XVIII, 159, with 65 plates of which 8 are in colour. 84s. - Volume 4 Issue 14
Metastable Austenitic Steels with Ultra-High Strength and Toughness (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A combination of chemical balancing and thermal-mechanical processing has led to a new class of high strength steels. These steels utilize the strain-induced austenite to martensite transformation to produce unusually good combinations of strength, elongation, toughness, and corrosion resistance. The principle behind enhanced elongation is discussed in terms of the increased work-hardening rate provided by the hard martensitic phase. The mechanism responsible for enhanced toughness is discussed in terms of the plastic energy absorption occurring during the transformation. It is further shown that elongation is three times greater, toughness may be two times greater in thin or thick sections, and corrosion resistance is an order of magnitude greater than the comparable properties of conventional, high-strength martensitic steels.</div>
On the Bacteriolysis by Lysozyme (1938)

Summary The bacteriolysis by lysozyme was studied by measuring the light-absorption of a lysing suspension, with a Moll-extinctiometer. In addition to a morphological study, this procedure was applied to the determination of lysozyme, which could be made within 5 per cent, and to a study of the influence of pH and electrolytes. The optimal pH was found to be about 6.2. The optimum is caused by an interaction of two factors: at lower pH’s the action of lysozyme increases, but below pH 6.2 the visible lysis is inhibited. The same is the case in distilled water, where a phenomenon, analogous to Nakamura’s alkali-phenomenon was found. High concentrations of electrolytes inhibit the primary reaction, adsorption of lysozyme. In this respect the valency of the ions is predominant. Some general remarks are made on the importance of electrostatic forces in similar reactions.
Uso de Nintendo DS TM como recurso integrador de la "Comunicación total" (2009)

El presente trabajo muestra la experiencia en el diseno y aplicacion de un sistema de comunicacion aumentativo y alternativo en el CEE Fundacion Purisima Concepcion de Granada.
Se ha trabajado con la aplicacion Sc@ut DS, que es una plataforma para el aprendizaje comunicativo de distintos tipos: lenguaje con pictogramas, lenguaje hablado y lenguaje con signos. Se ha utilizado como soporte de la aplicacion la consola de videojuegos Nintendo DS�. Se ha creado una biblioteca de animaciones para gestos de lengua de signos que se usan como refuerzo y lenguaje alternativo a la comunicacion.
Se ha trabajado durante 9 meses con ocho alumnos del CEE Purisima Concepcion de Granada.
Ha supuesto una gran motivacion para el alumnado y un atractivo mecanismo de entrenamiento de habilidades, conceptos y gestos.
El uso de! dispositivo Nintendo DS como soporte a la comunicacion utilizando comunicadores del Sistema Sc@ut es un recurso facilitador de la comunicacion en personas con discapacidad intelectual y severos problemas en su lenguaje oral. Todos los sistemas de comunicacion deben adaptarse al usuario, y nuestra propuesta lo hace.
El uso de lengua de signos incorporada como animacion en el dispositivo refuerza el aprendizaje y uso de gestos para la comunicacion.
The Jak-STAT Signal Transduction Pathway in Melanoma (2011)

The Janus-activated kinase (Jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is thought to play a central role in melanoma cell biology. Membrane-associated Jak proteins can couple with a variety of receptors to transmit signals into the cytoplasm. Immediately downstream, are the STAT family of transcription factors, which can be influenced by a variety of post-translational modifications and localize to the cell nucleus, directly binding DNA. In response to extracellular stimuli or through dysregulated activation of other signaling molecules, STAT proteins are often constitutively phosphorylated or 'activated' in melanoma cells. The balance between the activation of individual STAT proteins influences unique gene expression profiles within melanoma cells. For example, gene expression driven via the STAT1 transcription factor is associated with growth inhibition, resistance to apoptosis and reduced angiogenesis. Conversely, the STAT3 transcription factor mediates a gene expression profile associated with cell growth, antiapoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis and immune suppression. Altered activity of STAT proteins has been demonstrated in both melanoma cells, and interestingly, in the immune system of patients with melanoma. Recent data suggest that targeting the aberrant activation of this signal transduction pathway could have therapeutic effects via both modulating tumor cell and host immune function. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the role of the Jak-STAT pathway in melanoma, with a focus on the seemingly divergent effect of the STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors. We will also highlight recent data suggesting that inhibition of signal transduction via the STAT3 pathway may be of interest as a future therapeutic approach for melanoma.
Differential reaction of secretory and non‐secretory proteins in hormone‐treated dunning tumor (1989)

Tumor cells from of the Dunning R-3327 PAP tumor were grown in vivo in the flank region of male Copenhagen rats for 4 months. Untreated control animals, castrated animals, and untreated or castrated animals supplemented with testosterone and estramustine (alone or in combination) bearing tumors were used for immunocytochemical studies of the tumor cells. Antibodies against the following secretory proteins were applied to paraffin sections of formalin-fixed tissue: anti-SVS II, anti-PBP, anti-transglutaminase, anti-acid phosphatase (isoenzymes, isoelectric points [pI] 5.6, 7.1, 8.0), non-secretory proteins comprised antiglucocorticoid-receptor, and antibodies against extracellular matrix proteins and intermediate filaments. A differential expression of marker proteins subsequent to the various treatments was observed immunohistochemically. Castration induced a loss of secretory activity, an increase in keratin-immunoreactive cells, and regressive activity in the secretory cells. Immunoreactivity of the glucocorticoid receptor in the nuclei of the basal cells was also decreased. Testosterone substitution only partially restored secretory activity of tumor cells in castrated animals. In experiments where estramustine had been administered to normal or castrated animals, metaplastic transformation of the epithelium, focal reduction, or increase of secretory and/or regressive activity and persistence of glucocorticoid receptor-like immunoreactivity was observed. The findings indicate that different hormonal situations provide conditions for the development of rather heterogeneous reaction patterns of different tumor cells, allowing partial regression of individual clones of tumor cells along with stimulation of others.