gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the PGE<sub>2</sub> receptor subtype in bovine chondrocytes in culture (1996)

1. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an autacoid that decreases proteoglycan synthesis, increases metalloprotease production by cultured chondrocytes, and can modulate some of the actions of interleukin-1 on cartilage. The objective of the present study was to characterize the subtype of prostaglandin E2 receptor present in bovine chondrocytes in culture. 2. Primary cultures of articular chondrocytes were prepared from slices of bovine carpal cartilage by sequential digestion with type III hyaluronidase, trypsin, type II collagenase, followed by overnight incubation in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) with type II collagenase, washing, and seeding at a density of 2 x 10(5) cells cm-2 in DMEM with 10% foetal bovine serum. 3. PGE2 and carbaprostacyclin induced dose-dependent increases in intracellular cyclic AMP in bovine chondrocytes in culture. The potencies of these compounds were different, and maximal doses of PGE2 and carbaprostacyclin had an additive effect. PGD2 induced a small increase in intracellular cyclic AMP only at a high concentration (10(-5) M). 4. PGE2 was more potent that the EP2 agonist 11-deoxy-PGE1 at inducing increases in intracellular cyclic AMP. The EP2 agonist butaprost, however, induced only a small increase at a concentration of 10(-5)M. 17-Phenyl-PGE2 (EP1 agonist), sulprostone and MB 28767 (15S-hydroxy-9-oxo-16-phenoxy-omega-tetranorprost-13E-enoic acid) (EP3 agonists) did not induce an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP at concentrations up to 10(-5)M. 5. The EP4 antagonist AH 23848B ([1 alpha(Z),2 beta, 5 alpha]-(+/-) -7-[5-[[(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl]methoxyl-2-(4-morpholinyl) -3-oxocyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid) antagonized PGE2 but not carbaprostacyclin effects on intracellular cyclic AMP. The Schild plot slope was different from 1 but this could be due to an interaction of PGE2 with IP receptors in high doses. The exact nature of the antagonism by compound AH 23848B could not be definitely established in these experimental conditions. 6. Neither PGE2 nor any of its analogues inhibited the increase in intracellular cyclic AMP induced by forskolin, and pertussis toxin did not alter the response to PGE2, suggesting that no Gi-coupled PGE2 receptors are present in these cells. Stimulation with PGE2 did not induce significant increases in intracellular inositol-trisphosphate levels nor increases in intracellular free calcium as determined by confocal microscopy, suggesting the absence of phospholipase-C-coupled or of calcium channel-coupled PGE2 receptors in bovine chondrocytes in these experimental conditions. 7. These results show for the first time that bovine chondrocytes in culture present a functional PGE2 receptor that has some pharmacological characteristics of an EP4 subtype, as well as an IP receptor.
The relation between radiographic features and determinants of risk of breast cancer (1980)

Mammograms were obtained from 942 normal women aged over 30 years, and were classified by Wolfe's criteria. In women with an enhanced risk of breast cancer associated with a late age at first child or nulliparity, there was a significant increase in the proportion of P2 and DY mammographic patterns which are thought to be a radiological index of risk. There was a decrease in the proportion of P2 and DY grades in women using steroidal contraceptives. However, the association between radiological and epidemiological determinants of risk did not hold for age at menarche.
The Uptake of Tyrosine by Rat Brain in Vitro (1961)

Studies in our laboratoryhave indicated that n-tyrosine is taken up by rat brain in Z&JO in an active manner (1).
Generation of watt-level single-longitudinal-mode output from cladding-pumped short fiber lasers (2005)

We generate as much as 1.6 W of continuous-wave 1550 nm single-longitudinal-mode output from a cladding pumped Er-Yb codoped phosphate fiber laser. This power is to our knowledge among the highest in single-longitudinal-mode fiber lasers. The narrowband fiber Bragg grating output coupler is demonstrated to be an effective element for providing the single-longitudinal-mode selection.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sphingolipids (1966)

Abstract An enzyme was extracted from rat brain particles and was purified 18-fold. It hydrolyzed sphingomyelin (1-O-phosphorylcholine-2-N-acylsphingosine) to ceramide (N-acylsphingosine) and phosphorylcholine, but did not catalyze the hydrolysis of lecithin. The reaction was not reversible and had a pH optimum of 5.0 and a Km of 1.3 x 10-4 M. The enzyme hydrolyzed sphingomyelins with D-erythro-sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine 3 to 5 times faster than those with D-threo or L-erythro configuration. It was inhibited by ceramide, sphingosine, and fatty acid, but not by phosphorylcholine. Sphingomyelin could be hydrolyzed to sphingosine, fatty acid, and phosphorylcholine by the combined action of this enzyme and of ceramidase.
SEG Advanced Modeling (SEAM): Phase I first year update (2008)

The SEAM Consortium and SEG subsidiary SEAM Corporation exist to provide the geophysical exploration community with geophysical model data for subsurface geological models at a level of complexity and size that cannot be practicably computed by any single company or small number of companies. (A general introduction to the SEAM initiative and Phase I Project can be found in TLE's June and August 2007 issues.) SEAM's Phase I Consortium, which recently commemorated its first full year of activity, now consists of 24 companies from the hydrocarbon and geophysical exploration industries. Quarterly meetings of the SEAM Management Committee, made up of representatives of all the participating companies and led by Chairman Kevin Bishop (of BHP Billiton), provide technical direction for this multifaceted project, while the functional body leading the technical development of the project consists of six committees (listed below). While these technical committees meet as needed, the co-chairs of the six committees meet monthly to coordinate their plans and progress.
Evidence-Based Decision Making in Action: Part 1 - Finding the Best Clinical Evidence (2002)

The purpose of this article is to introduce evidence-based concepts and demonstrate how to find valid evidence to answer clinical questions. Evidence-based decision making (EBDM) requires understanding new concepts and developing new skills including how to: ask good clinical questions, conduct a computerized search, critically appraise the evidence, apply the results in clinical practice, and evaluate the process. This approach recognizes that clinicians can never be completely current with all conditions, medications, materials, or available products. Thus EBDM provides a mechanism for addressing these gaps in knowledge in order to provide the best care possible. In Part 1, a case scenario demonstrates the application of the skills involved in structuring a clinical question and conducting an online search using PubMed. Practice tips are provided along with online resources related to the evidence-based process.
A new type of olefinic cyclization of geraniol with thallium(III) perchlorate (1976)

Y. Yamada, H. Sanjoh and K. Iguchi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1976, 997 DOI: 10.1039/C39760000997
Multicriterial Optimization Approach to Eliminating Multiplications (2006)

Widely used image compression algorithms, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), can be described as applying a linear operator to a vector of samples. This is computationally quite complex and a number of algorithms have been developed to minimize the number of necessary operations, particularly multiplies. This paper describes a method to find approximations of the remaining multiplication constants in these algorithms, such that the approximation error is minimized for each substitution of multiplications by shifts and adds
Asymmetrically coupled resonators for mass sensing (2017)

Mechanically coupled resonators have been applied in the last years to the development of nanomechanical mass-sensors based on the detection of the different vibration modes of the system by measuring on a single resonator. Their sensitivity and capability for detecting multiple analytes strongly depends on the design and coupling strength between the mechanically coupled resonators in an array format. We present a theoretical and experimental study of the behavior of an asymmetrically coupled array of four different resonators. These doubly clamped beam resonators are elastically coupled by an overhang region of varying length along the transversal axis of the array. The results show that parameters such as the gap between microbeams and the overhang length affect the coupling strength, tuning the system from highly disordered and highly localized (weak coupling) to highly delocalized (strong coupling). In the strong coupling and partially localized case, the distances between resonant peaks are larger, reaching higher eigenfrequency values. In this case, relative changes in a specific eigenstate, due to an added mass, can be markedly large due to the energy distribution over a single microbeam. A strong coupling also facilitates performing the detection on the relative frequency shift mode, which can usually be resolved with better precision than the amplitude changes.
Chiral Synthesis via Organoboranes 23. Enantioselective Ring Opening of <i>meso</i>‐Epoxides with <i>B</i>‐Halodiisopinocampheylboranes. The First General Synthesis of Optically Active 1,2‐Halohydrins (1989)

Abstract B ‐Halodiisopinocampheylboranes, Ipc 2 BX, where X is Cl, Br, or I, cleave cyclohexene oxide at low temperatures to give the 1,2‐halohydrins, in 22, 84, and 91% enantiomeric excess (ee), respectively. 1,2‐Epoxycyclohex‐4‐ene is converted to the bromohydrin and iodohydrin in 84 and 91% ee. cis ‐2,3‐Epoxybutane, cis ‐3,4‐epoxyhexane, and cyclopentene oxide were also studied with all three halides. In general, optical induction increases in the order I > Br > Cl for any given epoxide. Thus cis ‐2,3‐epoxybutane furnishes the corresponding chlorohydrin in 35% ee, the bromohydrin in 69% ee, and the iodohydrin in 78% ee. In certain cases recrystallization provides essentially optically pure material, e.g., (1 R , 2 R )‐2‐bromocyclohexanol, (1 R , 2 R )‐2‐iodocyclohexanol and (1 R , 2 R )‐2‐iodocyclohex‐4‐en‐1‐ol. In all cases examined d Ipc 2 BX (derived from (+)‐α‐pinene) provide (1 R , 2R) halohydrins, in which the enantiotopic S C—O bond is cleaved. Ring cleavage occurs in an anti‐periplanar manner, consistent with an S N 2 type reaction pathway. Modified B ‐chloromonoisopinocampheylboranes, IpcBCl(OR), cleave cyclohexene oxide at a slower rate but furnish the chlorohydrin in up to 35% ee (R = Bnz). This study is not only a novel application of chiral haloboranes, but constitutes the first general synthesis of symmetrical optically active 1,2‐halohydrins.
Android Application for Ticket Booking and Ticket Checking in Suburban Railways (2015)

Technological development has resulted in a boundary free digital world. This development has resulted in transaction through virtual money instead of real ones. One of the most popular forms of online trading is E-ticketing. Android Phones can reduce the trouble of the customers to stand in queue and book the tickets. With the advent of the smart cards the overhead of waiting for ticket was reduced but the user should always remember to carry the card with him. Moreover one has to pay attention that it is not misplaced or stolen. After that came E-Ticketing where passengers have to carry a SMS or a printout of the ticket booked online. But that required laptops or desktop for booking. Thus came into front the use of smart phone application where carrying a smart phone will do all the work. Thus the introduction of smart phone application overcomes all the drawbacks of the earlier systems. This paper deals with the development and implementation of smart phone application which is more effective and simple than current ticketing system. The “Android Suburban Ticket (ASR)” can be bought easily anytime, anywhere and ticket will be present in the customer’s phone in the form of “Quick Response Code”. GPS facility is used for validation of the ticket at the source and deletion at the destination. The information for each user is stored in a CLOUD database for security purpose which is unavailable in the current suburban railway system. Also the ticket checker is provided with an application to search for the user’s ticket with the ticket number in the cloud database for checking purposes. Keywords: Android, Android Suburban Ticket (ASR), Cloud Database, Mysql, Quick Response Code
Privacy-preserving recommender systems in dynamic environments (2013)

Recommender systems play a crucial role today in on-line applications as they improve the customer satisfaction, and at the same time results in an increase in the profit for the service provider. However, there are serious privacy concerns as such systems rely on the personal data of the customers. There have been several proposals to provide privacy in recommender systems and, among many others, cryptographic techniques provide effective ways of protecting privacy-sensitive data of the customers. Unfortunately, existing methods only consider a static environment with constant number of customers in the system, which can be abused to extract more information on the customers when a cryptography based protocol is executed repeatedly. In this paper, we provide a privacy-preserving recommender system for a dynamic environment, which is more suitable for the real world applications.
Regional Recognition and Delimitation from Topographic Maps: User Strategies (1997)

This is a report from a pilot study conducted with nine geographers to delimit regions on a map they were not familiar with. The participants varied greatly in age and experience. Making notes as the users talked through their thinking provided insight into how such complex maps are read. Experienced geographers with larger geographical vocabularies sought to distinguish salient patterns. No simple relationship could be established between experience and region-dividing strategies. Suggestions are made for expanding such studies.
The Absence of LPA2 Attenuates Tumor Formation in an Experimental Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer (2009)

These results show that LPA is capable of promoting tumorigenesis in the colon. The absence of LPA2 attenuates several effects that contribute to cancer progression in vivo, and, hence, the current study identifies LPA2 as an important modulator of CC.
Ultrabright gap-enhanced Raman tags for high-speed bioimaging (2019)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is advantageous over fluorescence for bioimaging due to ultra-narrow linewidth of the fingerprint spectrum and weak photo-bleaching effect. However, the existing SERS imaging speed lags far behind practical needs, mainly limited by Raman signals of SERS nanoprobes. In this work, we report ultrabright gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) with strong electromagnetic hot spots from interior sub-nanometer gaps and external petal-like shell structures, larger immobilization surface area, and Raman cross section of reporter molecules. These GERTs reach a Raman enhancement factor beyond 5 × 10<sup>9</sup> and a detection sensitivity down to a single-nanoparticle level. We use a 370 μW laser to realize high-resolution cell imaging within 6 s and high-contrast (a signal-to-background ratio of 80) wide-area (3.2 × 2.8 cm<sup>2</sup>) sentinel lymph node imaging within 52 s. These nanoprobes offer a potential solution to overcome the current bottleneck in the field of SERS-based bioimaging.
Predictability of Phenotype in Relation to Common β-Lactam Resistance Mechanisms in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2016)

The minimal concentration of antibiotic required to inhibit the growth of different isolates of a given species with no acquired resistance mechanisms has a normal distribution. We have previously shown that the presence or absence of transmissible antibiotic resistance genes has excellent predictive power for phenotype. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of six β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes associated with commonly acquired resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae in Sydney, Australia. Escherichia coli (n = 200) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 178) clinical isolates, with relevant transmissible resistance genes (blaTEM, n = 33; plasmid AmpC, n = 69; extended-spectrum β-lactamase [ESBL], n = 116; and carbapenemase, n = 100), were characterized. A group of 60 isolates with no phenotypic resistance to any antibiotics tested and carrying none of the important β-lactamase genes served as comparators. The MICs for all drug-bacterium combinations had a normal distribution, varying only in the presence of additional genes relevant to the phenotype or, for ertapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae, with a loss or change in the outer membrane porin protein OmpK36. We demonstrated mutations in ompK36 or absence of OmpK36 in all isolates in which reduced susceptibility to ertapenem (MIC, >1 mg/liter) was evident. Ertapenem nonsusceptibility in K. pneumoniae was most common in the context of an OmpK36 variant with an ESBL or AmpC gene. Surveillance strategies to define appropriate antimicrobial therapies should include genotype-phenotype relationships for all major transmissible resistance genes and the characterization of mutations in relevant porins in organisms, like K. pneumoniae.
Loss of sst2 somatostatin receptor gene expression in human pancreatic and colorectal cancer. (1996)

Five somatostatin receptor subtypes (sst1 to sst5) have been cloned. We demonstrated previously that sst2 and sst5 mediate the antiproliferative effect of the somatostatin analogues octreotide and vapreotide. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we investigated gene expression of the five receptors in 47 human normal and cancerous tissues or cell lines from pancreatic and colorectal origin. mRNAs of somatostatin receptor subtypes were detected in 98% of samples, with more than two mRNA subtypes being expressed in 55% of cases. sst1, sst4, and sst5 were heterogeneously expressed in both normal and cancerous tissues; sst3 was rarely or not expressed. sst2 was present in normal pancreatic tissues but was absent in exocrine pancreatic carcinomas and their metastases. sst2 mRNAs were detected in normal colon, sporadic polyadenomas, and 50% of Dukes' stage B and 20% of Dukes' stage C carcinomas but were undetectable in Dukes' stage D carcinomas, hepatic metastases, and adenomas from familial adenomatous polyposis. The loss of sst2 expression could represent a growth advantage in these tumors and provide an explanation for the lack of therapeutic effect of somatostatin analogues in such adenocarcinomas. A subtyping of somatostatin receptors should be carried out before considering a somatostatin analogue treatment in patients with colorectal or pancreatic cancer.
Broken Asymmetry of the Human Heartbeat: Loss of Time Irreversibility in Aging and Disease (2005)

Time irreversibility, a fundamental property of nonequilibrium systems, should be of importance in assessing the status of physiological processes that operate over a wide range of scales. However, measurement of this property in living systems has been limited. We provide a computational method derived from basic physics assumptions to quantify time asymmetry over multiple scales and apply it to the human heartbeat time series in health and disease. We find that the multiscale time asymmetry index is highest for a time series from young subjects and decreases with aging or heart disease. Loss of time irreversibility may provide a new way of assessing the functionality of living systems that operate far from equilibrium.
연구논문 : 직업유형에 의한 여가태도의 성향 분석 (1992)

The purpose of this study is to estimate the leisure attitude based on to occupation type groups. Measuring the leisure attitude was structured on the three components ; cognitive components measuring the individuals a general knowledge and beliefs about leisure, affective components evaluating the individual`s feelings and the degree of liking or disliking of leisure, behavioral components measuring the individual`s past, present, and intended actions with regard to leisure activities, and experiences. In analyzing these three components respectively, I described the explanation of the relationship between these components. The total subjects participated in the study were 1239 : 607 male, 632 female all over the country. On the basis of the analyzed data, the following conclusions were drawn 1) The preference of the leisure attitude according to the occupation type ranked White collar, self management, no occupation ; student, housewife, blue collar orderly. 2) The subjects perceived the cognitive components the most positively and the behavioral components the lowest and as a result they perceived it negatively. 3) Cognitive and affective components were shown significant differences but behavioral component was nothing. 4) In influence of the leisure attitude, the three components were comparatively much influenced by occupation type.
A 10 mW, 4 GHz CMOS phase-locked loop with dual-mode tuning technique and partly-integrated loop filter (2003)

This publication presents the design of a 4 GHz Integer-N frequency synthesizer with dual-mode tuning technique. The 3/sup rd/ order loop filter is partly integrated. The intended application is a direct conversion UMTS transmitter. The design has been realized using a 0.12 /spl mu/m standard CMOS-process. The proposed advanced dual-mode tuning technique is based on digital coarse-tuning with subsequent analog fine-tuning. Therefore, the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) features both, a digital and an analog tuning interface. This results in eight equidistant frequency bands. During coarse-tuning a digital control unit selects the correct frequency band for a certain frequency channel. The remaining frequency deviation is canceled through fine tuning, which is done by a conventional charge pump phase-locked loop (PLL). This results in lower spurious emission due to the smaller VCO gain. Lock-in times of 125 /spl mu/s were achieved. The output frequency can be tuned from 3.8 GHz to 4.05 GHz with a channel spacing of 400 kHz. Except for the VCO with a supply voltage of 2.2 V and a current consumption of 1.9 mA to achieve higher output swing, the synthesizer is biased at 1.5 V consuming 4 mA. Thus, the overall power consumption can be stated with 10.2 mW.
Leukocyte Inflammatory Responses Provoked by Pneumococcal Sialidase (2012)

Cell surface expression of sialic acid has been reported to decrease during immune cell activation, but the significance and regulation of this phenomenon are still being investigated. The major human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis, often accompanied by strong inflammatory responses. S. pneumoniae expresses a sialidase (NanA) that contributes to mucosal colonization, platelet clearance, and blood-brain barrier penetration. Using wild-type and isogenic NanA-deficient mutant strains, we showed that S. pneumoniae NanA can desialylate the surface of human THP-1 monocytes, leading to increased ERK phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and proinflammatory cytokine release. S. pneumoniae NanA expression also stimulates interleukin-8 release and extracellular trap formation from human neutrophils. A mechanistic contribution of unmasking of inhibitory Siglec-5 from cis sialic acid interactions to the proinflammatory effect of NanA is suggested by decreased SHP-2 recruitment to the Siglec-5 intracellular domain and RNA interference studies. Finally, NanA increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in a murine intranasal challenge model of S. pneumoniae pneumonia.