gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Food Security through Biotechnology: The Case of Genetically Modified Sugar Beets in the United States (2017)

Abstract While genetically modified (GM) crops have provided tremendous agricultural productivity gains, many consumers oppose GM products and maintain they are unsafe. We use the case of GM sugar beets and their adoption by the US producers to examine the implications of GM technology on food security. A partial equilibrium framework is used to examine the implications of GM technology on food security. This analysis provides a unique opportunity to examine the impact of GM adoption in one product (sugar beets) relative to non-GM adoption in a substitute product (sugarcane). This analysis examines the potential gains to food security through the adoption of biotechnology versus consumer fear of GM technology. Research and development (R&D) has potential implications not only through its impact on supply, but also on demand as well. This study shows that demand impacts can negate the supply-induced food security gains of R&D. Regulations such as mandatory labeling requirements can impact this outcome.
The <i>Aspergillus parasiticus estA</i> -Encoded Esterase Converts Versiconal Hemiacetal Acetate to Versiconal and Versiconol Acetate to Versiconol in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis (2004)

In aflatoxin biosynthesis, the pathway for the conversion of 1-hydroxyversicolorone to versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA) to versiconal (VHOH) is part of a metabolic grid. In the grid, the steps from VHA to VHOH and from versiconol acetate (VOAc) to versiconol (VOH) may be catalyzed by the same esterase. Several esterase activities are associated with the conversion of VHA to VHOH, but only one esterase gene (estA) is present in the complete aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus. We deleted the estA gene from A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain. The estA-deleted mutants were pigmented and accumulated mainly VHA and versicolorin A (VA). A small amount of VOAc and other downstream aflatoxin intermediates, including VHOH, versicolorin B, and OMST, also were accumulated. In contrast, a VA-accumulating mutant, NIAH-9, accumulated VA exclusively and neither VHA nor VOAc were produced. Addition of the esterase inhibitor dichlorvos (dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate) to the transformation recipient strain RHN1, an estA-deleted mutant, or NIAH-9 resulted in the accumulation of only VHA and VOAc. In in vitro enzyme assays, the levels of the esterase activities catalyzing the conversion of VHA to VHOH in the cell extracts of two estA-deleted mutants were decreased to approximately 10% of that seen with RHN1. Similar decreases in the esterase activities catalyzing the conversion of VOAc to VOH were also obtained. Thus, the estA-encoded esterase catalyzes the conversion of both VHA to VHOH and VOAc to VOH during aflatoxin biosynthesis.
Temperature and current dependence of doppler SNR in a VCSEL based self-mixing sensor (2009)

This paper proposes a method for maintaining the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal obtained from the self-mixing sensor based on a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL). The SNR of the Doppler self-mixing signal was investigated experimentally as a function of laser driving current and ambient temperature. It was found that the locus of the maximum SNR in the current-temperature space can be well approximated by the simple analytical model based on the temperature behaviour of the VCSELs threshold current. A self-mixing Doppler signal was acquired from the variation in VCSEL junction voltage rather than from a conventional variation in laser optical power to reduce the complexity of the system. It was found that the optimum sensor performance over a wide range of ambient temperatures can be achieved by tuning the laser current according to the proposed model. This enables the sensor to operate without temperature stabilisation making it attractive for mobile applications and applications with limited power supply.
An Analysis of Intra‐Versus Extracapillary Growth In a Hollow Fiber Reactor (1987)

Abstract Mammalian cell culture in hollow fiber reactors is hampered by oxygen limitation. Diffusive oxygen transport from the fiber wall to the cells can be enhanced by increasing the surface area for oxygenation and/or decreasing the penetration depth. One strategy for improving of surface area to penetration depth ratio is to increase the number of fibers in the reactor. An alternative way to manipulate this ratio is to grow the cells inside the fibers rather than on the outside. The theoretical analysis presented indicates that this is favorable when the volume of the extracapillary space exceeds that of the fiber lumen by a factor four or more. The impact of growing the cells on the inside of the fibers on other aspects of mammalian cell culture in hollow fiber reactors, including mass transport from the bulk of the medium flowing through the reactor to the fiber wall, is discussed.
Global and Local Virtual Functions in C++. (2005)

Global virtual functions (GVFs) are introduced as C++ functions defined at global or namespace scope which can be redefined later similar to virtual member functions. Even though GVFs are a relatively simple concept, hardly more complex than ordinary C functions, it is shown that they subsume object-oriented single, multiple, and predicate-based method dispatch as well as aspect-oriented before, after, and around advice. Furthermore, the well-known "expression problem" can be solved in a simple and natural way. Local virtual functions are a straightforward extension of GVFs allowing temporary redefinitions during the execution of some other function or part of it. Amongst others, this is quite useful to simulate "cflow join points" of aspect-oriented languages. The implementation of global and local virtual functions by means of a precompiler for C++ is briefly described.
MULEPRO: a multi‐channel response to jamming attacks in wireless sensor networks (2009)

Abstract The shared wireless medium used by sensor networks makes it easy for adversaries to launch jamming attacks that can partially or completely block communication leading to a denial‐of‐service (DoS) condition. This paper presents MULEPRO (MULti‐channel Exfiltration PROtocol), a fully distributed network based protocol designed to rapidly exfiltrate data from a jammed area using multiple communication channels simultaneously. The basic idea is to assign scheduling symbols to the different nodes based on their vertex color to produce conflict‐free transmission schedules between sensor nodes, up to two‐hop distance in order to address the terminal hidden problem. MULEPRO targets sensor network applications that require an immediate and robust response to such jamming‐based DoS attacks and is designed to operate with any number of channels. When an attack is launched nodes can effectively coordinate exfiltration transmissions without needing to exchange network protocol information. We have extensively evaluated MULEPRO under a variety of attack configurations. Results show that MULEPRO can maintain pre‐attack data transmission rates in the case of standard jamming attack models, and can exfiltrate data even for the case of multiple jammers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly and Crystal Structure of a Photoactive Array of Five Porphyrins (1995)

Locked into a tub geometry, the pentaporphyrin array illustrated has a well-defined conformation both in solution and in the crystal. Self-assembly of this light-harvesting antenna model quenches the fluorescence of both the central tetrapyridylporphyrin unit and the zinc porphyrin tetramer.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and risk of pulmonary embolism (2007)

Pulmonary embolism is not a common feature in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with uncomplicated exacerbations
Performance Evaluation of a Combined Input- and Crosspoint-Queued Switch (2000)

This letter proposes a combined input- and crosspoint-queued (CIC) switch in which virtual output queuing (VOQ) is used at each input port. This CIC switch as a large buffer at each input port and a small buffer at each crosspoint. It does not require high-speed memory access or high-speed internal cell transmission lines. Since the performance of the CIC switch depends on the scheduling algorithms, we propose new scheduling algorithms for the CIC switch. Numerical results show that the mean cell delay time performance of the CIC switch using the proposed scheduling algorithms is better than that of an input-queued ATM switch. In addition, the required buffer size for the CIC switch using the proposed scheduling algorithms is smaller than that for a crosspoint-queued ATM switch.
Conserved Cytoplasmic Loops Are Important for both the Transport and Chemotaxis Functions of PcaK, a Protein fromPseudomonas putida with 12 Membrane-Spanning Regions (1999)

Chemotaxis to the aromatic acid 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA) by Pseudomonas putida is mediated by PcaK, a membrane-bound protein that also functions as a 4-HBA transporter. PcaK belongs to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transport proteins, none of which have so far been implicated in chemotaxis. Work with two well-studied MFS transporters, LacY (the lactose permease) and TetA (a tetracycline efflux protein), has revealed two stretches of amino acids located between the second and third (2-3 loop) and the eighth and ninth (8-9 loop) transmembrane regions that are required for substrate transport. These sequences are conserved among most MFS transporters, including PcaK. To determine if PcaK has functional requirements similar to those of other MFS transport proteins and to analyze the relationship between the transport and chemotaxis functions of PcaK, we generated strains with mutations in amino acid residues located in the 2-3 and 8-9 loops of PcaK. The mutant proteins were analyzed in 4-HBA transport and chemotaxis assays. Cells expressing mutant PcaK proteins had a range of phenotypes. Some transported at wild-type levels, while others were partially or completely defective in 4-HBA transport. An aspartate residue in the 8-9 loop that has no counterpart in LacY and TetA, but is conserved among members of the aromatic acid/H(+) symporter family of the MFS, was found to be critical for 4-HBA transport. These results indicate that conserved amino acids in the 2-3 and 8-9 loops of PcaK are required for 4-HBA transport. Amino acid changes that decreased 4-HBA transport also caused a decrease in 4-HBA chemotaxis, but the effect on chemotaxis was sometimes slightly more severe. The requirement of PcaK for both 4-HBA transport and chemotaxis demonstrates that P. putida has a chemoreceptor that differs from the classical chemoreceptors described for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Distributed audit with secure remote procedure calls (2002)

The authors have designed and implemented an experimental secure remote procedure call (RPC) mechanism and an RPC interface for a distributed audit mechanism running on AIX version 3 on the RISC System/6000. Based on the secure RPC mechanism and the network file system, the authors have designed and implemented a high-level, protocol-transparent interface for a distributed audit mechanism with centralized control. In addition, they implemented a user-friendly interface for distributed audit with Motif widgets on the X Window system. It is noted that the present experimental secure RPC shows a fairly simple alternative to building secure RPCs with an authentication protocol without modifying the RPC runtime and interface. Using RPCs not only significantly reduces the efforts for programming, but also bypasses several technical details such as replayed transactions, which are taken care of by RPC runtime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of laccase activity in mixed solvents: Comparison between two chromogens in a spectrophotometric assay (2003)

Spectrophotometric determination of laccase activity with ABTS acting as chromogen yields exceedingly low values whenever conducted in a water-organic mixed solvent. Nevertheless, there is firm evidence that laccase is able to oxidize substrates such as phenols and amines quantitatively in these mixed solvents. We show that the apparently small rate of ABTS oxidation by laccase in a mixed solvent, such as buffered water-dioxane 1:1, is not amenable to the denaturation of laccase but rather to the decreased stability of ABTS(.+). We propose HAA as a more reliable chromogen for the determination of laccase activity in mixed solvents.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: the incidence and prognosis of post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (2007)

The odds of developing irritable bowel syndrome are increased sixfold after acute gastrointestinal infection. Young age, prolonged fever, anxiety and depression are risk factors for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.
Energy and Resource Quality: The Ecology of the Economic Process (1988)

Energy and Economics Characteristics and Magnitude of U.S. Energy Resource Systems Environmental and Human Impacts of Energy Extraction and Use Energy and the Management of Renewable Natural Resources Bibliography Index.
An ordered collection of Bacillus subtilis DNA segments cloned in yeast artificial chromosomes. (1993)

A collection of 772 Bacillus subtilis DNA segments was obtained by cloning in yeast artificial chromosomes. The B. subtilis inserts of 288 clones were mapped by hybridization using as probes 65 cloned genes and 188 isolated insert ends. In this way, 59 inserts were ordered in four contigs that cover > 98% of the B. subtilis chromosome. This ordered collection is now available for further genetic and physical analysis of the B. subtilis genome.
Automatic data mapping of signal processing applications (2002)

This paper presents a technique to map automatically a complete digital signal processing (DSP) application onto a parallel machine with distributed memory. Unlike other applications where coarse or medium grain scheduling techniques can be used, DSP applications integrate several thousand of tasks and hence necessitate fine grain considerations. Moreover finding an effective mapping imperatively require to take into account both architectural resources constraints and real time constraints. The main contribution of this paper is to show how it is possible to handle and to solve data partitioning, and fine-grain scheduling under the above operational constraints using concurrent constraints logic programming languages (CCLP). Our concurrent resolution technique undertaking linear and nonlinear constraints takes advantage of the special features of signal processing applications and provides a solution equivalent to a manual solution for the representative panoramic analysis (PA) application.
Investigation of the Magnetic Refrigerant for the Ericsson Magnetic Refrigerator (1987)

In the temperature range above ∼20 K, the Ericsson magnetic refrigeration cycle has to be adopted instead of the Carnot cycle, because the lattice entropy becomes no longer negligible as compared with the magnetic entropy. Moreover, in this range since the thermal agitation energy ∼kT of spin also increases, the ferromagnetic materials have to be used for the refrigerant to obtain large entropy change enough to refrigerate. However, temperature variation of the magnetic entropy change of ferromagnetic material is not suitable for the Ericsson cycle. In the present paper we will give the answers to the following questions; (1) what kinds of ferromagnets must be used for the refrigerant? (2) what kind of method to compose the refrigerant using those ferromagnets is promising?
Silicon Photodiodes Matched to the CIE Photometric Curve Using Color Filter Glass (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text JAMES P. RITZEL and SPIKE SOJOURNER, "Silicon Photodiodes Matched to the CIE Photometric Curve Using Color Filter Glass," Optics & Photonics News 4(4), 16-19 (1993) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
VIII.— <i>Descriptions of the type-specimens of some carboniferous corals of the genera</i> “Diphyphyllum,” “Stylastræa,” Aulophyllum, <i>and</i> Chætetes (1930)

(1930). VIII.—Descriptions of the type-specimens of some carboniferous corals of the genera “Diphyphyllum,” “Stylastræa,” Aulophyllum, and Chætetes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 5, No. 26, pp. 177-194.
diffReps: Detecting Differential Chromatin Modification Sites from ChIP-seq Data with Biological Replicates (2013)

ChIP-seq is increasingly being used for genome-wide profiling of histone modification marks. It is of particular importance to compare ChIP-seq data of two different conditions, such as disease vs. control, and identify regions that show differences in ChIP enrichment. We have developed a powerful and easy to use program, called diffReps, to detect those differential sites from ChIP-seq data, with or without biological replicates. In addition, we have developed two useful tools for ChIP-seq analysis in the diffReps package: one for the annotation of the differential sites and the other for finding chromatin modification "hotspots". diffReps is developed in PERL programming language and runs on all platforms as a command line script. We tested diffReps on two different datasets. One is the comparison of H3K4me3 between two human cell lines from the ENCODE project. The other is the comparison of H3K9me3 in a discrete region of mouse brain between cocaine- and saline-treated conditions. The results indicated that diffReps is a highly sensitive program in detecting differential sites from ChIP-seq data.
Amino Acids 270 to 510 of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Are Required for Interaction with Receptor (2004)

A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has recently been identified as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SARS-CoV appears similar to other coronaviruses in both virion structure and genome organization. It is known for other coronaviruses that the spike (S) glycoprotein is required for both viral attachment to permissive cells and for fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. Here we describe the construction and expression of a soluble codon-optimized SARS-CoV S glycoprotein comprising the first 1,190 amino acids of the native S glycoprotein (S(1190)). The codon-optimized and native S glycoproteins exhibit similar molecular weight as determined by Western blot analysis, indicating that synthetic S glycoprotein is modified correctly in a mammalian expression system. S(1190) binds to the surface of Vero E6 cells, a cell permissive to infection, as demonstrated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, suggesting that S(1190) maintains the biologic activity present in native S glycoprotein. This interaction is blocked with serum obtained from recovering SARS patients, indicating that the binding is specific. In an effort to map the ligand-binding domain of the SARS-CoV S glycoprotein, carboxy- and amino-terminal truncations of the S(1190) glycoprotein were constructed. Amino acids 270 to 510 were the minimal receptor-binding region of the SARS-CoV S glycoprotein as determined by flow cytometry. We speculate that amino acids 1 to 510 of the SARS-CoV S glycoprotein represent a unique domain containing the receptor-binding site (amino acids 270 to 510), analogous to the S1 subunit of other coronavirus S glycoproteins.
Green tea extract and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibit hypoxia- and serum-induced HIF-1α protein accumulation and VEGF expression in human cervical carcinoma and hepatoma cells (2006)

Green tea extract and its major component (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exhibit antiangiogenic activities in various experimental tumor models. A growing body of evidence has established that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and its downstream target, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of green tea extract and EGCG on HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Our results showed that green tea extract and EGCG significantly inhibited hypoxia- and serum-induced HIF-1alpha protein accumulation in these cancer cells but had no effects on HIF-1alpha mRNA expression. Suppression of HIF-1alpha protein by green tea extract and EGCG also resulted in a drastic decrease in VEGF expression at both mRNA and protein levels. The mechanisms of green tea extract and EGCG inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein accumulation seem to involve the blocking of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways and the enhancing of HIF-1alpha protein degradation through the proteasome system. In addition, green tea extract and EGCG inhibited serum-induced HIF-1alpha protein and VEGF expression by interfering with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways, which play a crucial role in the protein translational machinery cascade. Functionally, green tea extract and EGCG abolished both chemoattractant- and hypoxia-stimulated HeLa cell migration. Our data suggested that HIF-1alpha/VEGF function as therapeutic target for green tea extract and EGCG in the context of cancer chemoprevention and anticancer therapy.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of the Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)/Tri-<i>n</i>-propylamine (TPrA) System: Crucial Role of the Long Lifetime of TPrA<sup>•+</sup> Cation Radicals Suggested by Electrode Surface Effects (2008)

We describe the effects of electrochemical pretreatment of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) on the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of the Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) system. It has been found that the oxidation of TPrA at the anodically pretreated GCEs became more facile, while the intensity of ECL could be greatly suppressed. The contravention between the electrochemical reaction kinetics and the light emission intensity of the coreactant ECL system was reported for the first time and has been attributed to the rapid deprotonation of TPrA•+ cation radicals by the aid of oxygen-containing surface species formed on the GCE during the pretreatment. Because the lifetime of TPrA•+ was reduced, the products of the deprotonation reaction, TPrA• free radicals, would be more subject to oxidative consumption on the electrode subsequently, leading to weaker ECL signals. When the ECL was produced mainly following a catalytic route, however, the electrode surface effect was much less significant. This study suggests that the long lifetime of TPrA•+ cation radicals may be crucial for the intense light emission, which allows a sufficient amount of highly reducing intermediate radicals, TPrA•, to participate in the ECL process within a relatively thick reaction layer before being destroyed by the electrode.