gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Classification Performance through an Advanced Ensemble Based Heterogeneous Extreme Learning Machines (2017)

Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is a fast-learning algorithm for a single-hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFN). It often has good generalization performance. However, there are chances that it might overfit the training data due to having more hidden nodes than needed. To address the generalization performance, we use a heterogeneous ensemble approach. We propose an Advanced ELM Ensemble (AELME) for classification, which includes Regularized-ELM, <i>L</i><sub>2</sub>-norm-optimized ELM (ELML2), and Kernel-ELM. The ensemble is constructed by training a randomly chosen ELM classifier on a subset of training data selected through random resampling. The proposed AELM-Ensemble is evolved by employing an objective function of increasing diversity and accuracy among the final ensemble. Finally, the class label of unseen data is predicted using majority vote approach. Splitting the training data into subsets and incorporation of heterogeneous ELM classifiers result in higher prediction accuracy, better generalization, and a lower number of base classifiers, as compared to other models (Adaboost, Bagging, Dynamic ELM ensemble, data splitting ELM ensemble, and ELM ensemble). The validity of AELME is confirmed through classification on several real-world benchmark datasets.
An object-based model for dependable real-time distributed systems (2002)

A systematic way to introduce fault-tolerant and time-dependent properties into a complex software system is presented. The approach is based on an extended Petri net model, called the G-Net, enhanced with a deterministic timing scheme. In the timed G-Net (TGN) model, exception handling and time-out mechanisms are used to introduce the fault-tolerant and real-time properties. The basic idea is to avoid the timing error propagation from a faulty object to an object that interacts with it via a time-out mechanism, and also to allow an object to treat a timing error by raising an exception and triggering some corrective actions. Using TGNs as the basic building blocks, we further refine the model into the 'smart object' (SMO) model. In each SMO, an object can associated with a knowledge structure, which enables the object to dynamically change its behavior to react to changes in the environment. We use examples to show that a simplified real-time distributed air traffic control system can be modeled effectively using the SMO model.
Venous ulcer (1994)

Extended lymph node dissection for rectal cancer, is it still under debate
Multi-Font Farsi/Arabic Isolated Character Recognition Using Chain Codes (2008)

Nowadays, OCR systems have got several applications and are increasingly employed in daily life. Much research has been done regarding the identification of Latin, Japanese, and Chinese characters. However, very little investigation has been performed regarding Farsi/Arabic characters recognition. Probably the reason is difficulty and complexity of those characters identification compared to the others and limitation of IT activities in Farsi and Arabic speaking countries. In this paper, a technique has been employed to identify isolated Farsi/Arabic characters. A chain code based algorithm along with other significant peculiarities such as number and location of dots and auxiliary parts, and the number of holes existing in the isolated character has been used in this study to identify Farsi/Arabic characters. Experimental results show the relatively high accuracy of the method developed when it is tested on several standard Farsi fonts.
Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotypes A and B Using a Chemiluminescent versus Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay in Food and Serum (2012)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are some of the most potent biological toxins. High-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed for the detection of BoNT serotypes A and B using a chemiluminescent capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In an effort to improve toxin detection levels in complex matrices such as food and sera, we evaluated the performance of existing antitoxin mAbs using a new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay platform developed by Meso Scale Discovery. In side-by-side comparisons, the limits of detection (LODs) observed for ELISA and the ECL immunoassay for BoNT/A were 12 and 3 pg/mL, and for BoNT/B, they were 17 and 13 pg/mL, respectively. Both the ELISA and the ECL method were more sensitive than the "gold standard" mouse bioassay. The ECL assay outperformed ELISA in detection sensitivity in most of the food matrices fortified with BoNT/A and in some foods spiked with BoNT/B. Both the ELISA and the ECL immunoassay platforms are fast, simple alternatives for use in the routine detection of BoNTs in food and animal sera.
Improvement of SNR with chaotic spreading sequences for CDMA (2003)

We show that chaotic spreading sequences generated by ergodic mappings of Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials have better correlation properties for CDMA than the optimal binary sequences (Gold sequences) in the sense of ensemble average.
Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Adults -- A Review of 493 Episodes (1993)

In our large urban hospital, a major proportion of cases of acute bacterial meningitis in adults were nosocomial. Recurrent episodes of meningitis were frequent. The overall mortality rate remained high.
Models of care editorial (2010)

AHR explores major national and international health issues and questions. Our readership includes managers, policy makers and clinical staff in health organisations including government departments, hospitals, community centres and aged-care facilities as well as all others with an interest in the health industry. It enables health professionals to keep their fingers on the pulse of the nationÂ´s health decisions and to know what the most influencial commentators and decision makers are thinking. It also publishes new research from practitioners - managers and clinicians - and reports of breakthrough projects that demonstrate better ways of delivering care.
<b>Photochemistry of Riboflavin. I. The Hydrogen Transfer Process in the Anaerobic Photobleaching of Flavins</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of Riboflavin. I. The Hydrogen Transfer Process in the Anaerobic Photobleaching of FlavinsWilliam M. Moore, Jack T. Spence, Floyd A. Raymond, and Steven D. ColsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 21, 3367–3372Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00904a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00904a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views512Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of HER2/<i>neu</i>Status Assessed by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Immunohistochemistry (2001)

We prospectively evaluated a series of 254 breast cancers by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry using 3 antibodies: HercepTest, CB11, and TAB250. DNA was extracted from a 10-micron tumor section for PCR, and 4-micron serial sections were taken from the same block for immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical results were scored using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical system. A positive tumor by immunohistochemistry had a score of 5 or more. The manufacturer's recommended scoring system was used for the HercepTest. Tumors were positive for gene amplification if the ratio of the HER2/neu gene to control gene after normalization was 2 or more. Of 254 cases, 61 showed gene amplification. For immunohistochemistry, 23% of tumors were positive with CB11, 27% with TAB250, and 37% with the HercepTest. Results for each antibody were compared with PCR results. The overall concordance for the HercepTest was 82%, which was significantly lower than that for CB11 (88%) or TAB250 (87%). The specificity for the HercepTest was 80% compared with 90% for TAB250 and 93% for CB11, while the positive predictive value for the HercepTest was 57% compared with 71% and 76% for TAB250 and CB11, respectively.
Minimum Transverse Reinforcement for Bottle-Shaped Struts (2006)

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Lysozyme microencapsulation within biodegradable PLGA microspheres: Urea effect on protein release and stability (2000)

Lysozyme was encapsulated within biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method for studying its release mechanism associated with protein stability problems. When urea, a protein unfolding agent, was added into the incubation medium lysozyme release rate from the microspheres increased with the increase in urea concentration. The enhanced lysozyme release was attributed to the suppression of protein aggregation, to the facilitated diffusion of unfolded lysozyme by an efficient reptile motion of unfolded protein molecules through porous channels in microspheres, and to the largely decreased extent of nonspecific protein adsorption onto the enlarged surface area of degrading polymer microspheres in the presence of urea. Encapsulating lysozyme in an unfolded form within PLGA microspheres was attempted by using urea as an excipient. This new urea-based formulation exhibited a more sustained lysozyme release profile than the control formulation, and released lysozyme from the microspheres showed a much less amount of lysozyme dimer population while maintaining a correct conformation after refolding in the incubation medium. This study provides new insights for the formulation of protein encapsulated PLGA microspheres.
Bringing online shopping experience to offline retail through augmented reality and RFID (2015)

Retail is undergoing through major technological changes. Online shopping is rapidly increasing because of the features it offers. Bringing online shopping features to offline retail will enrich customer experience. In this paper we present Augmented Reality (AR) interfaces developed for handheld devices, linked to a physical Smart Space to bridge the gap between offline and online retail. Preliminary evaluation shows that the user is able to interact with the products in the physical spaces while having access to online shopping features. System is tested and validated with number of products at Radio Frequency(RFID) based smart shelf.
Sulfur volatiles from <i>Allium</i> spp. affect Asian citrus psyllid, <i>Diaphorina citri</i> Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), response to citrus volatiles (2010)

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Lam), the presumed causal agents of huanglongbing. D. citri generally rely on olfaction and vision for detection of host cues. Plant volatiles from Allium spp. (Alliaceae) are known to repel several arthropod species. We examined the effect of garlic chive (A. tuberosum Rottl.) and wild onion (A. canadense L.) volatiles on D. citri behaviour in a two-port divided T-olfactometer. Citrus leaf volatiles attracted significantly more D. citri adults than clean air. Volatiles from crushed garlic chive leaves, garlic chive essential oil, garlic chive plants, wild onion plants and crushed wild onion leaves all repelled D. citri adults when compared with clean air, with the first two being significantly more repellent than the others. However, when tested with citrus volatiles, only crushed garlic chive leaves and garlic chive essential oil were repellent, and crushed wild onions leaves were not. Analysis of the headspace components of crushed garlic chive leaves and garlic chive essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that monosulfides, disulfides and trisulfides were the primary sulfur volatiles present. In general, trisulfides (dimethyl trisulfide) inhibited the response of D. citri to citrus volatiles more than disulfides (dimethyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl disulfide). Monosulfides did not affect the behaviour of D. citri adults. A blend of dimethyl trisulfide and dimethyl disulfide in 1:1 ratio showed an additive effect on inhibition of D. citri response to citrus volatiles. The plant volatiles from Allium spp. did not affect the behaviour of the D. citri ecto-parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Thus, Allium spp. or the tri- and di-sulphides could be integrated into management programmes for D. citri without affecting natural enemies.
NMR Studies of Translational Motion (2009)

Translational motion in solution, either diffusion or fluid flow, is at the heart of chemical and biochemical reactivity. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provides a powerful non-invasive technique for studying the phenomena using magnetic field gradient methods. Describing the physical basis of measurement techniques, with particular emphasis on diffusion, balancing theory with experimental observations and assuming little mathematical knowledge, this is a strong, yet accessible, introduction to the field. A detailed discussion of magnetic field gradient methods applied to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is included, alongside extensive referencing throughout, providing a timely, definitive book to the subject, ideal for researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology.
An Uncommon Alliance: Finding Empowerment for Exotic Dancers through Labor Unions (1999)

This article explores the life of exotic dancers and their legal status in the employment context. The author highlights the stigma associated with exotic dancing as well as the legal and social barriers that confront these dancers as employees in their attempt to unionize. Specifically, this article addresses the implications of unionizing exotic dance clubs and the organizing efforts to do so in California.
The molecular face of lipid rafts in model membranes (2008)

Cell membranes contain a large number of different lipid species. Such a multicomponent mixture exhibits a complex phase behavior with regions of structural and compositional heterogeneity. Especially domains formed in ternary mixtures, composed of saturated and unsaturated lipids together with cholesterol, have received a lot of attention as they may resemble raft formation in real cells. Here we apply a simulation model to assess the molecular nature of these domains at the nanoscale, information that has thus far eluded experimental determination. We are able to show the spontaneous separation of a saturated phosphatidylcholine (PC)/unsaturated PC/cholesterol mixture into a liquid-ordered and a liquid-disordered phase with structural and dynamic properties closely matching experimental data. The near-atomic resolution of the simulations reveals remarkable features of both domains and the boundary domain interface. Furthermore, we predict the existence of a small surface tension between the monolayer leaflets that drives registration of the domains. At the level of molecular detail, raft-like lipid mixtures show a surprising face with possible implications for many cell membrane processes.
Mode of Action for Natural Products Isolated From Essential Oils of Two Trees Is Different From Available Mosquito Adulticides (2010)

Insecticidal properties of natural products may present alternatives to the use of synthetic molecule pesticides that are of diminishing effectiveness due to resistance. Three compounds, thymoquinone, nootkatone, and carvacrol, components of Alaska yellow cedar, Chamaecyyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach, and incense cedar, Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.), essential oils, have been shown to have biological activity against a variety of mosquito and tick species. Although these components act as both repellents and insecticides, how they function in either capacity is unknown. Their use as mosquito control insecticides would be greatly increased if their mode of action is not the same as that of currently used commercial products. This study compared the lethal dosages for nootkatone, carvacrol, and thymoquinone by using colony strains of Anopheles gambiae Giles with known mutations at three different target sites. The altered target sites evaluated were the sodium channel para-locus mutation (L1014 F KDR) that confers permethrin resistance, the ACE-1 gene that confers organophosphate and carbamate resistance, and a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor mutation of the Rdl locus conferring dieldrin resistance. Significant increases in lethal dose were not observed in any of the mosquito strains for any of the compounds tested compared with the doses required of chemicals with known modes of action at the mutated sites. Although the mode of action was not determined, this screening study indicates that none of these compounds interact at the target sites represented in the test mosquito strains. These compounds represent a different mode of action than existing chemicals currently used in mosquito control.
Illuminant-adaptive color reproduction for mobile display (2006)

This paper proposes an illuminant-adaptive reproduction method using light adaptation and flare conditions for a mobile display. Mobile displays, such as PDAs and cellular phones, are viewed under various lighting conditions. In particular, images displayed in daylight are perceived as quite dark due to the light adaptation of the human visual system, as the luminance of a mobile display is considerably lower than that of an outdoor environment. In addition, flare phenomena decrease the color gamut of a mobile display by increasing the luminance of dark areas and de-saturating the chroma. Therefore, this paper presents an enhancement method composed of lightness enhancement and chroma compensation. First, the ambient light intensity is measured using a lux-sensor, then the flare is calculated based on the reflection ratio of the display device and the ambient light intensity. The relative cone response is nonlinear to the input luminance. This is also changed by the ambient light intensity. Thus, to improve the perceived image, the displayed luminance is enhanced by lightness linearization. In this paper, the image's luminance is transformed by linearization of the response to the input luminance according to the ambient light intensity. Next, the displayed image is compensated according to the physically reduced chroma, resulting from flare phenomena. The reduced chroma value is calculated according to the flare for each intensity. The chroma compensation method to maintain the original image's chroma is applied differently for each hue plane, as the flare affects each hue plane differently. At this time, the enhanced chroma also considers the gamut boundary. Based on experimental observations, the outer luminance-intensity generally ranges from 1,000 lux to 30,000 lux. Thus, in the case of an outdoor environment, i.e. greater than 1,000 lux, this study presents a color reproduction method based on an inverse cone response curve and flare condition. Consequently, the proposed algorithm improves the quality of the perceived image adaptive to an outdoor environment.
Anisotropic ionic conductivity of lithium-doped sulfonated PBI (1997)

The conductivity study results of lithium-doped sulfonated PBI, a conjugated rigid rod polymer, poly[(1,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]dimidazole-2,6-diyl)-2-(2-sulfo)-p-phenylene], derivatized with pendants of propane sulfonate Li+ ionomer are reported. The room-temperature DC four-probe conductivity parallel to the surface of cast films was as large as 8.3 × 10−3 S/cm. Similar measurements with an eight-probe configuration showed no difference between bulk and surface conductivity. The ionic nature of the conductivity was indicated by constant voltage depletion experiments and by secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements of the residues near the electrodes. The DC two-probe conductivity measured transverse to the sample surface was three to four orders of magnitude smaller than longitudinal conductivity, while the AC two-probe conductivity was even less. Electron microscopy indicated that the films had a layered structure parallel to the surfaces. This structural anisotropy was confirmed by refractive index values obtained from wave-guide experiments and by wide angle X-ray scattering. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2925–2933, 1997
Superconducting Penetration Depth of Niobium (1965)

The variation with temperature of the penetration depth of weak magnetic fields into niobium has been measured. The variation was more rapid than expected from the BCS theory of superconductivity, in contrast to the situation in previously measured superconductors where it was less rapid. Just as in the previous cases, the results here can be understood in terms of a variation of the energy gap different from that predicted by the BCS theory. A comparison with the energy gap deduced by Dobbs and Perz from their ultrasonic-attenuation measurements is given. The penetration depth at absolute zero, $\ensuremath{\lambda}(0)$, is estimated from the present results to be 470\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50 \AA{}, while the London penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}(0)$ is 390\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50 \AA{}.
A new sense for depth of field (1985)

One of the major unsolved problems in designing an autonomous agent [robot] that must function in a complex, moving environment is obtaining reliable, real-time depth information, preferably without the limitations of active scanners. Stereo remains computationally intensive and prone to severe errors, the use of motion information is still quite experimental, and autofocus schemes can measure depth at only one point at a time. We examine a novel source of depth information: focal gradients resulting from the limited depth of field inherent in most optical systems. We prove that this source of information can be used to make reliable depth maps of useful accuracy with relatively minimal computation. Experiments with realistic imagery show that measurement of these optical gradients can potentially provide depth information roughly comparable to stereo disparity or motion parallax, while avoiding image-to-image matching problems. A potentially real-time version of this algorithm is described.