gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical syntheses of chelating bis(dioxaphospholane) ligands through chlorodioxaphospholane intermediates and demonstration of catalytic competence of bis(phosphite)rhodium cation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical syntheses of chelating bis(dioxaphospholane) ligands through chlorodioxaphospholane intermediates and demonstration of catalytic competence of bis(phosphite)rhodium cationDonald J. Wink, Thomas J. Kwok, and Allen YeeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 24, 5006–5008Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00349a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00349a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Alternative fluoride scavengers to produce TiO<sub>2</sub>films by the liquid phase deposition (LPD) technique (2006)

TiO2 films have been deposited on bare glass and on glass coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) by the liquid phase deposition (LPD) method, using Al(III) nitrate and Fe(III) chloride as alternative fluoride scavengers. Films were characterized by grazing angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence. Results are compared with those obtained using boric acid, which is commonly used as a scavenger in the LPD technique. Well adhered films, 250–450 nm thick, were obtained after 3 h of deposition process at 80 °C (353 K). While Al(III) is not significantly incorporated on the film, in the case of Fe(III) considerable incorporation of this element is observed. When Al(III) nitrate is used as a scavenger instead of boric acid, the deposition rate is nearly doubled. Furthermore, the effect of the substrate on the TiO2 crystal growth has been addressed. On bare glass, the low number of nucleation sites, slightly influenced by the scavenger nature, causes a partial coverage of the substrate. Glass pretreatment for 30 min with a H2TiF6 aqueous solution at 80 °C noticeably increases the nucleation site density, leading to continuous transparent film deposition. Coherent films were deposited on ITO surfaces as this substrate favors the nucleation of TiO2.
Characterization of stacking faults in 4H-SiC epilayers by room-temperature microphotoluminescence mapping (2008)

The stacking faults (SFs) in 4H-SiC epilayers have been characterized by microphotoluminescence spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) intensity mapping at room temperature. Three kinds of SFs, intrinsic Frank SFs, double Shockley SFs, and in-grown SFs, have been identified in the samples. Each kind of SF shows the distinct PL emission located at 420, 500, and 455nm, respectively. The shapes and distributions of SFs have been profiled by micro-PL intensity mapping. The formation mechanisms of each SF are also discussed.
Lipopolysaccharide induces recurrence of arthritis in rat joints previously injured by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (2020)

Rat ankle joints injected intraarticularly with 5 micrograms of group A streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS) developed an acute course of arthritis. Recurrence of arthritis was induced in 100% of these joints by intravenous injection of as little as 10 micrograms of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 wk after intraarticular injection. This reaction was similar in athymic and euthymic rats. Buffalo rats were less susceptible than Lewis or Sprague- Dawley rats. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli LPS, and S. typhimurium Re mutant LPS, were also active. Re mutant LPS activity was greatly reduced by mixing with polymyxin B. E. coli lipid A was weakly active. An acute synovitis of much less incidence, severity, and duration was seen in contralateral joints injected initially with saline, and in ankle joints of naive, previously uninjected rats after intravenous LPS injection. The intravenous injection of the muramidase mutanolysin on day 0 or 7 after intraarticular PG-APS injection prevented LPS-induced recurrence of arthritis. These studies suggest that the phlogistic activities of lipid A and peptidoglycan might interact in an inflammatory disease process, and that LPS may play a role in recurrent episodes of rheumatoid arthritis or reactive arthritis.
A Novel System for Simultaneous or Sequential Integration of Multiple Gene-Loading Vectors into a Defined Site of a Human Artificial Chromosome (2014)

Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are gene-delivery vectors suitable for introducing large DNA fragments into mammalian cells. Although a HAC theoretically incorporates multiple gene expression cassettes of unlimited DNA size, its application has been limited because the conventional gene-loading system accepts only one gene-loading vector (GLV) into a HAC. We report a novel method for the simultaneous or sequential integration of multiple GLVs into a HAC vector (designated as the SIM system) via combined usage of Cre, FLP, Bxb1, and φC31 recombinase/integrase. As a proof of principle, we first attempted simultaneous integration of three GLVs encoding EGFP, Venus, and TdTomato into a gene-loading site of a HAC in CHO cells. These cells successfully expressed all three fluorescent proteins. Furthermore, microcell-mediated transfer of HACs enabled the expression of those fluorescent proteins in recipient cells. We next demonstrated that GLVs could be introduced into a HAC one-by-one via reciprocal usage of recombinase/integrase. Lastly, we introduced a fourth GLV into a HAC after simultaneous integration of three GLVs by FLP-mediated DNA recombination. The SIM system expands the applicability of HAC vectors and is useful for various biomedical studies, including cell reprogramming.
The merging of the senses (1994)

Bringing together neural, perceptual, and behavioral studies, The Merging of the Senses provides the first detailed review of how the brain assembles information from different sensory systems in order to produce a coherent view of the external world. Stein and Meredith marshall evidence from a broad array of species to show that interactions among senses are the most ancient scheme of sensory organization, an integrative system reflecting a general plan that supersedes structure and species. Most importantly, they explore what is known about the neural processes by which interactions among the senses take place at the level of the single cell.The authors draw on their own experiments to illustrate how sensory inputs converge (from visual, auditory, and somatosensory modalities, for instance) on individual neurons in different areas of the brain, how these neurons integrate their inputs, the principles by which this integration occurs, and what this may mean for perception and behavior. Neurons in the superior colliculus and cortex are emphasized as models of multiple sensory integrators.Barry E. Stein is Professor of Physiology and M. Alex Meredith is Associate Professor of Anatomy, both at the Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University.
Acoustic Source Separation of Convolutive Mixtures Based on Intensity Vector Statistics (2008)

Various techniques have previously been proposed for the separation of convolutive mixtures. These techniques can be classified as stochastic, adaptive, and deterministic. Stochastic methods are computationally expensive since they require an iterative process for the calculation of the demixing filters based on a separation criterion that usually assumes that the source signals are statistically independent. Adaptive methods, such as the adaptive beamformers, also exploit signal properties in order to optimize a multichannel filter structure. However, these algorithms need initialization and time to converge. Deterministic methods, on the other hand, provide a closed-form solution based on the deterministic aspects of the problem, such as the channel characteristics and the source directions. This paper presents a technique that exploits the intensity vector statistics to achieve a nearly closed-form solution for the separation of the convolutive mixtures as recorded with a coincident microphone array. No assumptions are made on the signals, but it is assumed that the source directions are known a priori. Directivity functions based on von Mises functions are designed for beamforming depending on the circular statistics of the calculated intensity vectors. Numerical evaluation results were presented for various speech and instrument sounds and source positions in two reverberant rooms.
Adaptive Task Assignment in Spatial Crowdsourcing (2016)

Spatial crowdsourcing has emerged as a new paradigm for solving difficult problems in the physical world. It engages a large number of human workers in scenarios such as crisis management and smart cities. The utility of spatial crowdsourcing is generally dependent on who performs the task. On one hand, the workers may not perform assigned tasks within time. On the other hand, the performed tasks may not meet the prede ned quality criteria. In the case of spatial crowdsourcing, the success of an assignment depends on factors such as task location, travel distance, or expected reward. This necessitates an appropriate task assignment process to optimize the utility of spatial crowdsourcing. The design of the task assignment process faces three primary research challenges: dynamism, heterogeneity, and uncertainty. The goal of this thesis is to address these research challenges; therefore, it proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the dimensions of dynamic task assignment in spatial crowdsourcing. To formalize the research problem, this thesis de nes dynamic task assignment as a repeated decision-making problem under uncertainty and heterogeneity. Uncertainty de nes the limited knowledge about the reliability of workers for assigned tasks, and heterogeneity characterizes the di erences in reliability and expertise of workers. The proposed formalization is referred to as the adaptive assignment problem in spatial crowdsourcing. The adaptive assignment problem combines online optimization with heuristic-based learning for balancing the exploration-exploitation trade-o during repeated assignments. The problem is instantiated in four di erent scenarios of spatial crowdsourcing to highlight speci c requirements of assignment algorithms. An agent-based simulation methodology is employed to evaluate the algorithms proposed for each scenario. Empirical evaluation provides evidence of the performance of algorithms using synthetic and real-world data.
Machine learning approaches to text representation using unlabeled data (2008)

With the rapid expansion in the use of computers for producing digitalized textual documents, the need of automatic systems for organizing and retrieving the information contained in large databases has become essential. In general, information retrieval systems rely on a formal description or representation of documents enabling their automatic processing. In the most common representation, the so-called bag-of-words, documents are represented by the words composing them and two documents (or a user query and a document) are considered similar if they have a high number of co-occurring words. In this representation, documents with different, but semantically related terms will be considered as unrelated, and documents using the same terms but in different contexts will be seen as similar. It arises quite naturally that information retrieval systems can use the huge amount of existing textual documents in order to "learn", as humans do, the different uses of words depending on the context. This information can be used to enrich documents' representation. In this thesis dissertation we develop several original machine learning approaches which attempt at fulfilling this aim. As a first approach to document representation we propose a probabilistic model in which documents are assumed to be issued from a mixture of distributions over themes, modeled by a hidden variable conditioning a multinomial distribution over words. Simultaneously, words are assumed to be drawn from a mixture of distributions over topics, modeled by a second hidden variable dependent on the themes. As a second approach, we proposed a neural network which is trained to give a score for the appropriateness of a word in a given context. Finally we present, a multi-task learning approach, which is trained jointly to solve an information retrieval task, while learning on unlabeled data to improve its representation of documents.
A hardware in the loop facility for testing multisensor sense and avoid systems (2009)

The Italian Aerospace Research Centre and the Department of Aerospace Engineering at University of Naples have been involved in a project for the development of an Obstacle Detection and Tracking suite for autonomous Collision Avoidance of Unmanned Aerial Systems. In this framework, a flight prototype of an autonomous Obstacle Detect Sense and Avoid system has been designed and realized. It is installed onboard a Very Light Aircraft named FLARE. The system is based on multiple-sensor data integration and it includes several components, such as a Ka-band pulsed radar, four Electro Optical sensors and two processing units. A hierarchical sensor configuration has been chosen in which the radar is the main sensor while EO cameras are the auxiliary ones to increase accuracy and data rate. In order to maximize the outcome of flight tests, an indoor facility for Hardware-In-The-Loop tests has been developed. The indoor facility includes processing units dedicated to simulate aircraft and intruder dynamics that are provided as input to sensors. The radar is replaced by a simulator, while the real visible camera unit is used. Flight images are displayed on a LCD screen. The facility permits to test multiple critical flight configurations and different sensors combinations. Moreover, the availability of a well assessed simulator allows the research team to support several activities such as: i) tuning of the data fusion techniques (i.e. tracking based on Kalman filtering); ii) system performance validation for a wide range of scenarios; iii) evaluation of alternative architectures that are difficult to be reproduced during flights. Some results of hardware-in-the-loop tracking tests based on flight data are briefly summarized and expected flight performance of the electro-optical system as auxiliary sensor is discussed.
Identification of an inducible form of cytochrome P-450 in human liver. (1985)

It has not yet been determined whether human liver contains inducible cytochromes P-450 similar to those that catalyze the oxidative metabolism of foreign substances in animals. We carried out immunoblot analyses of liver microsomes isolated from eight patients and found that each contained a cytochrome P-450, termed HLp, that reacted with antibodies directed against P-450p, a rat liver cytochrome that is inducible by the anti-glucocorticoid pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, by glucocorticoids, by anti-seizure drugs, and by such macrolide antibiotics as triacetyloleandomycin. In the two patients who received dexamethasone and anti-seizure medications and in the one patient who was given triacetyloleandomycin, the concentrations of immunoreactive HLp and the ability to demethylate erythromycin and/or to convert triacetyloleandomycin to a metabolite that forms a spectral complex with cytochrome P-450 heme (catalytic properties unique to P-450p in rat liver) were significantly higher as compared to the values for patients who received no inducing drugs. We purified HLp to homogeneity and found that it was immunochemically related to P-450p and to its homologue in the rabbit (LM3c), actively demethylated erythromycin in a reconstituted system, exhibited electrophoretic mobility identical to that of P-450p, and shared 57% homology in its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence with that of a pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile-inducible rat cytochrome P-450. We conclude that HLp is a human representative of the multigene family of the glucocorticoid-inducible cytochromes P-450.
Disruption of Light-Brown Apple Moth Epiphyas-Postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) Trapping in Nelson, New-Zealand (1990)

Disruption of lightbrown apple moth trapping was tested as a prelude to assessment of mating dis- ruption; polyethylene dispensers releasing the known sex pheromone components, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E,E)-9,ll-tetradecadien-l-yl acetate, at an estimated rate of 25 mg ha-' per hour in apple orchards in Nelson, New Zealand. A total of 2953 wild and 850 laboratory-reared males were marked and released at 16 sites in two pheromone-treated and two untreated blocks. No captures were recorded in sticky traps baited with virgin females or synthetic pheromones in pheromone-treated blocks, but 455 males were caught in untreated blocks, indicating complete prevention of trapping in the presence of the dispensers releasing synthetic pheromone. Individual dispensers released an estimated 4000-fold more pheromone per hour than females. Recapture of wild and laboratory-reared males averaged 28% and 31% respectively, in untreated blocks and surrounding traps. Removal of dispensers resulted in renewed capture inside previously treated blocks. Dispersal distances of wild and laboratory-reared males were not significantly different inside untreated blocks, but the mean time taken before recapture was twice as great for laboratory-reared moths (P&lt;O.05). Wild males showed a greater tendency to disperse out of blocks (P&lt;O.05). Dispersal distances exceeded 400 m for several moths. The daily survival or retention rate of wild moths inside release blocks was estimated to be 63%, although this rose to 74% when external traps were included. A maximum age of 19 days was recorded. Female moths mated with equal frequency when caged with males in pheromone-treated or untreated blocks.
Endocrine-induced regression of cancers. (1967)

Cancer is not necessarily autonomous and intrinsically self-perpetuating. Its growth can be sustained and propagated by hormonal function in the host which is not unusual in kind or exaggerated in rate but which is operating at normal or even subnormal levels. Hormones, or synthetic substances inducing physiologic effects similar thereto, are of crucial significance for survival of several kinds of hormone-responsive cancers in man and animals. Opposite sorts of change of the hormonal status can induce regression and, in some instances, cure such cancers. These modifications are deprivation of essential hormones and hormone interference by giving large amounts of critical compounds. The control of cancer by endocrine methods can be described in three propositions: (i) Some types of cancer cells differ in a cardinal way from the cells from which they arose in their response to change in their hormonal environment. (ii) Certain cancers are hormone-dependent and these cells die when supporting hormones are eliminated. (iii) Certain cancers succumb when large amounts of hormones are administered.
Photoimmunotherapy and Irradiance Modulation Reduce Chemotherapy Cycles and Toxicity in a Murine Model for Ovarian Carcinomatosis: Perspective and Results (2012)

Significant toxicities from multiple cycles of chemotherapy often cause delays or early termination of treatment, leading to poor outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. Complementary modalities that potentiate the efficacy of traditional agents with fewer cycles and less toxicity are needed. Photodynamic therapy is a mechanistically-distinct modality that synergizes with chemo and biologic agents. A combination regimen with a clinically relevant chemotherapy cocktail (cisplatin + paclitaxel) and anti-EGFR targeted photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is evaluated in a murine model for ovarian carcinomatosis. Mice received either 1 or 2 chemotherapy cycles followed by PIT with a chlorin<sub>e6</sub>-Erbitux photoimmunoconjugate and 25 J/cm<sup>2</sup> light. PIT + 1 cycle of chemotherapy significantly reduced tumor burden, comparable to multiple chemotherapy cycles. Relative to 1 cycle of chemotherapy, the addition of PIT did not cause significant mouse weight loss, whereas 2 cycles of chemotherapy led to a significant reduction in weight. Irradiance-dependence on PIT efficacy was a function of the conjugation chemistry, providing an additional variable for optimization of PIT outcome.
The Pathogenic Role of Intestinal Flora in IBD and Colon Cancer (2008)

The intestine is populated by a large variety of microorganisms that colonize the host soon after birth. The gut microflora contributes to several intestinal functions, including the development of the mucosal immune system, the absorption of complex macromolecules, the synthesis of amino acids and vitamins and the protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Its composition varies along the different segments of the gut, with a gradient from the stomach to the colon where it is more abundant. Given the vital relationship between the microflora and the intestinal function, it is important that the microflora is kept continuously under control so to preserve gut homeostasis. When this is not achieved or perturbed, several immune disorders can arise, like allergies or inflammation. Protracted immune deregulations can also lead to severe disorders including diabetes, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is therefore crucial that the immune system learns both to tolerate and to control the growth of beneficial microorganisms so to preserve the intestinal homeostasis. The mechanisms that are in place to achieve this control are not yet understood but recent work has started to unravel the complex relationship between several players including the microflora, intestinal barriers and immune cells. In this review we will analyze how the microflora interacts with the host and how deregulation of this interaction can lead to inflammatory disorders and eventually also to cancer.