gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Aggregate Type on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Magnesia Cement Pastes (2012)

The work concerns physico-mechanical properties of magnesia cement pastes-specially magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement pastes-mixed with different types of aggregate. Fine and coarse carbonate quarry waste and sand dunes resulted in the six mixes were studied. Three mixes included the aggregates without water glass treatment while the remaining mixes contained aggregates treated with water glass. The influence of the aggregate types on the water absorption, bulk density, compressive strength and other properties of the magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement pastes at 3, 7, 28 days of curing were determined. Also, water soaking at 90 days curing was measured. The results revealed that the water/solid ratio, aggregate type, aggregate size, and water glass additive affected greatly on the properties of the MOC cement pastes. Among the studied mixes, the mix containing treated sand dune aggregate is found the most suitable for using as a starting point in a suitable practice.
Drug Delivery: Thrombin‐Responsive Transcutaneous Patch for Auto‐Anticoagulant Regulation (Adv. Mater. 4/2017) (2017)

A thrombin-responsive microneedle-based transcutaneous patch is developed by C. M. Gallippi, Y. Zhu, Z. Gu, and co-workers, as demonstrated in article 1604043. The anticoagulant drug heparin is loaded into the hyaluronic acid needles through a thrombin cleavable peptide linker. This heparin patch can sense the thrombin level in blood vessels and autoregulate blood coagulation in a long-term manner. Cover design credit: Yuqi Zhang.
Comparative Effects of Dihydroergotamine and Noradrenaline on Resistance, Exchange and Capacitance Functions in the Peripheral Circulation (1970)

1. A comparative quantitative study of the effects of dihydroergotamine (DHE) and noradrenaline (NA) on the precapillary and postcapillary resistance vessels, the precapillary ‘sphincters’, and the capacitance vessels was performed in a skeletal muscle and a skin region in healthy humans and in patients with orthostatic symptoms; further, the vascular effects of the drugs were analysed in muscle, skin, intestine and kidney in cats before and after sympathectomy. 2. The two drugs evoked a similar pattern of response in the cutaneous vascular bed, i.e. they both constricted resistance and capacitance vessels, increased the ratio of pre-/post-capillary resistance, but did not significantly influence precapillary sphincters. The reactions were similar in skeletal muscle for NA and also for DHE, with the important exception that the latter drug usually elicited a moderate dilator response in the muscle resistance vessels. 3. The average constrictor responses of the capacitance vessels were significantly larger for DHE than NA in skin and also in muscle despite the fact that DHE did not much affect the resistance vessels in muscle. 4. The effects of DHE on the intestinal and renal vascular circuits in the cat were comparatively small. 5. Since the constrictor effect of DHE seems confined mainly to the capacitance vessels, the drug may have beneficial effects in circulatory disorders characterized by impaired venomotor regulation.
Development of a Genetic Modific ation System in Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775 for Generation of Mutants (2010)

Commons, and the Molecular Biology Commons This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses &amp; Specialist Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact connie.foster@wku.edu.
Development of a novel algorithm for human fall detection using wearable sensors (2008)

A novel algorithm for human fall detection by means of a tri-axial accelerometer, is described. A module constituted by the accelerometer and an on board processing unit was designed and realized. The system is conceived to be used in a multi-sensor network context for the remote monitoring of personnel working in very severe conditions (firefighters and civil protection operators). In the real application the module is thought to be integrated in the operator uniform collar. The algorithm is based on the detection of a critical trunk inclination in correspondence of an high rotational velocity. A Kalman filter was designed in order to separate the signal component due to gravity (i.e useful to extract the subject orientation) from the one due to the system acceleration. In comparison with the existing solutions the realized algorithm presents many advantages: no training is needed, low computational costs, fast time response and good performances also during critical activities (e.g jumping, running).
Citrus fruit enlargement by means of summer girdling (1984)

SummaryThe method was based on summer girdling two-thirds of the tree’s main branches. The girdle width was c. 2.5 mm, carried out in early July and repeated about three weeks later. Such girdles, when applied to healthy vigorous trees with many leaves, may cause a fruit size increase of 15% or more. The year after girdling, treated branches tended to bear more and somewhat smaller fruits than untreated branches. A harvesting scheme to obtain maximum returns, for cultivars with long picking seasons, is also described.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 inhibit IL-10 production in murine T lymphocytes (1996)

Abstract Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide present in the peptidergic innervation of lymphoid organs and expressed in thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes has been previously reported to modulate cytokine expression in T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of VIP and of the structurally related neuropeptide PACAP-38 on the expression of IL-10 in murine lymphocyte cultures. Both neuropeptides inhibit IL-10 production by spleen cells or thymocytes activated via the TCR-associated CD3 complex in a similar dose-response manner. The inhibition is specific, presumably mediated through the VIP-R1, and maximum inhibitory levels are achieved within the first 5 to 15 min of exposure to VIP or PACAP-38. CD4+ T cells function as direct cellular targets for the two neuropeptides. The fact that VIP, PACAP-38, and forskolin, all known cAMP inducers, also inhibit IL-10 production, suggests the participation of cAMP in signal transduction. VIP and PACAP-38 regulate transcriptional expression of IL-10, since IL-10 steady state mRNA levels are significantly reduced by treatment with the two neuropeptides. These results expand the range of neuroendocrine-regulated cytokines and support the idea that neuropeptides such as VIP and PACAP, which are released or produced in the local lymphoid microenvironment and specifically modulate the expression of various cytokines, may participate in the intricate cytokine network controlling local immune responses.
Ultra-fast programming of silicided polysilicon fuses based on new insights in the programming physics (2006)

New insights in the programming physics of silicided polysilicon fuses integrated in 90 nm CMOS have led to a programming time of 100 ns, while achieving a resistance increase of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> . This is an order of magnitude better than any previously published result for the programming time and resistance increase individually. Simple calculations and TEM-analyses substantiate the proposed programming mechanism. The advantage of a rectangular fuse head over a tapered fuse head is shown and explained
Design and synthesis of selenonium and sulfonium ions related to the naturally occurring glucosidase inhibitor salacinol (2006)

Four series of analogues of the naturally occurring glucosidase inhibitor salacinol were synthesized for structure–activity studies with different glycosidase enzymes. The target zwitterionic compounds were synthesized by means of nucleophilic attack at the least-hindered carbon atom of the 1,3-cyclic sulfates derived from D-glucose and D-mannose by the isopropylidene-protected 1,4-anhydro-4-thio- and seleno-D-allitols and the 4-thio- and seleno-L-allitols. Deprotection of the coupled products afforded the novel sulfonium and selenonium ions containing polyhy droxylated acyclic chains of four and six carbons, with different stereochemistry at the stereogenic centers and with 1,4-anhydro-4-seleno or 4-thio-D- or L- alditol heterocyclic rings. The compounds showed no significant activity against recombinant human maltase glucoamylase (MGA), a critical intestinal glucosidase involved in the processing of oligosaccharides of glucose into glucose itself.Key words: glycosidase inhibitors, zwitterionic, selenonium salts, sulfonium salts, cyclic sulfates, L-ascorbic acid, D-gulonic-γ-lactone.
Impact of tofacitinib on patient outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis &ndash; review of clinical studies (2016)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease associated with inflammation and destruction of joints and systemic effects, which result in significant impact on patient's quality of life and function. Tofacitinib was approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the USA in 2012 and subsequently in other countries, but not by the European Medicines Agency. The goal of this review was to evaluate the impact of tofacitinib on patient-reported and patient-specific outcomes from prior clinical studies, focusing on quality of life, functionality, pain, global disease assessment, major adverse consequences, and withdrawals. A total of 13 reports representing 11 clinical studies on tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis were identified through PubMed and reference lists in meta-analyses and other reviews. Data on improvements in patient-driven composite tools to measure disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis, such as the Health Assessment Questionnaire, served as a major outcome evaluated in this review and were extracted from each study. Additional data extracted from those clinical studies included patient assessment of pain (using a 0-100 mm visual analog scale), patient global assessment of disease (using a 0-100 mm visual analog scale), patient withdrawals, withdrawals due to adverse effects or lack of effect, and risk of serious adverse effects, serious infections, and deaths. Tofacitinib 5 mg bid appears to have a favorable impact on patient outcomes related to efficacy and safety when compared with baseline values and with comparator disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and placebo. Improvements were seen in the composite and individual measures of disease activity. Serious adverse effects, other adverse consequences, overall withdrawals, and withdrawals due to adverse effects and lack of efficacy are similar or more favorable for tofacitinib versus comparator disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and placebo. At this point, tofacitinib appears to have an important role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through improvement in these patient outcomes. However, it may require years of additional clinical studies and postmarketing surveillance to fully characterize the benefit-to-risk ratio of tofacitinib in a larger and diverse patient population.
Statistical equipment modeling for VLSI manufacturing: an application for LPCVD (1990)

An equipment characterization and modeling methodology has been developed. The methodology is based on the development of generic first-principle process models. These models are subsequently refined and fitted to specific manufacturing equipment by using a multistage D-optimal experimental design. The methodology has been successfully applied to a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) furnace for undoped polysilicon deposition. A two-stage D-optimal experiment with 24 runs has yielded fitted models for the film growth rate and film residual stress. The calibrated models agree well with the experimental data and account for the observed variations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Good Pasture Good Beef (1948)

Many farmers would grow more forages and legumes if they had a good market for them. Grasses and legumes help build soil fertility, they help control erosion. Nearly every Iowa frmer will agree to that. Yet our actual progress in the use of more forages has been disappointingly slow - probably for lack of a good forage market.
Recombinant <i>Thermus aquaticus</i> RNA Polymerase, a New Tool for Structure-Based Analysis of Transcription (2001)

The three-dimensional structure of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) from thermophilic Thermus aquaticus has recently been determined at 3.3 A resolution. Currently, very little is known about T. aquaticus transcription and no genetic system to study T. aquaticus RNAP genes is available. To overcome these limitations, we cloned and overexpressed T. aquaticus RNAP genes in Escherichia coli. Overproduced T. aquaticus RNAP subunits assembled into functional RNAP in vitro and in vivo when coexpressed in E. coli. We used the recombinant T. aquaticus enzyme to demonstrate that transcription initiation, transcription termination, and transcription cleavage assays developed for E. coli RNAP can be adapted to study T. aquaticus transcription. However, T. aquaticus RNAP differs from the prototypical E. coli enzyme in several important ways: it terminates transcription less efficiently, has exceptionally high rate of intrinsic transcript cleavage, and is highly resistant to rifampin. Our results, together with the high-resolution structural information, should now allow a rational analysis of transcription mechanism by mutation.
The Spin-Off of Particles on a Magnetic Disk (1999)

A spin-off ratio is used in this study to assess the repelling capability of a disk surface to thermal asperity for MR drives. A test methodology is described and a simple model is developed. Three types of spherical particles with different size and material properties are used in this study to evaluate the spin-off ratios of disks from various manufacturers and with different lubricant thickness and texture roughness. It is found that the dominant factors determining whether a particle is spun off a disk surface are the stiction force and the centrifugal force. Particle size and material properties, disk spinning speed, disk radius, surface tension and contact angle have significant effects on the spin-off ratio, while lubricant thickness and disk surface roughness have little effect. The manufacturing process and material used to produce a disk also affect how well the disk behaves when thermal asperity is a concern. [S0742-4787(00)03901-1]
Selective dry etching of GaAs over AlGaAs in SF6/SiCl4 mixtures (1988)

Reactive ion etching of GaAs with high selectivity over Al0.29Ga0.71As in SF6/SiCl4 mixtures was studied. Selectivity, surface morphology, and anisotropy were investigated over a wide range of pressures (15–100 mTorr), dc bias values (−20 to −300 V), and SF6-to-SiCl4 ratios (0–0.5). Higher pressures, lower dc biases, and higher SF6/SiCl4 ratios increase the GaAs-to-AlGaAs selectivity. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis indicates that the formation of nonvolatile aluminum fluoride on AlGaAs is responsible for the selective etch process.
Moire Technique For Overlay Metrology (1984)

Overlay performance is usually determined by exposing wafers twice, processing the wafer, and then using vernier or electrical probe techniques to measure the overlay error. In this paper, we describe a very different technique where the overlay error is evaluated in situ on the lithographic exposure tool. The basis of this approach is the examination of moire fringes between the projected image of a grating test mask and a grating test wafer. This is a particularly attractive approach to lithographic metrology because the moire fringes contain information about both resolution and overlay error. A measurement instrument has been constructed which attaches to a MicralignTM projection printer. The fringe intensity is measured by a solid state detector array positioned on an image of the illuminated arc-shaped field. Since the overlay measurement can be done many times per second, we can directly observe vibrations between mask and wafer.
The first example of polymerization of isobutylene induced by a metallocene-like initiator, [(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)TiMe<sub>2</sub>[(µ-Me)B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] (1995)

Addition of equimolar amounts of (η5-C5Me5)TiMe3 and B(C6F5)3 to solutions of isobutylene or isobutylene and isoprene (99 : 1 molar ratio) in toluene at –78 °C results in polymerization to give, respectively, isobutylene homopolymer with a high weight average molecular mass of ∼ 5 × 105 and a narrow polydispersity (2.1), or an isobutylene-isoprene copolymer exhibiting a composition, a molecular mass distribution and 1H and 13C NMR spectra identical to those of a sample of commercial butyl rubber.
Nitric Acid Modification of Activated Carbon Electrodes for Improvement of Electrochemical Capacitance (2002)

Nitric acid oxidation of activated carbon fabric in combination with calcination in at different temperatures was conducted to explore the influence of surface carbon-oxygen complexes on the performance of electrochemical capacitors fabricated with the carbon fabric. The performance of the capacitors was tested in 1 M within a potential range of and 0.6 V. The specific capacitance of the carbon was found to increase upon oxidation. Surface complex analysis using temperature programmed desorption showed that the double-layer capacitance was enhanced due to the presence of CO-desorbing complexes while -desorbing complexes exhibited a negative effect. The micropore resistance for ion migration was low for these carbons. The electrical connection resistance between the fabric and the backing plate as well as that between the carbon fibers accounted for the major proportion of the overall resistance and was shown to increase due to oxidation. A capacitance increase of more than 40% has been achieved, without increasing IR drop, by nitric acid oxidation followed by 450°C calcination that was shown to remove the majority of the -desorbing complexes while retaining the CO-desorbing complexes. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Focused Electron and Ion Beam Induced Deposition on Flexible and Transparent Polycarbonate Substrates (2015)

The successful application of focused electron (and ion) beam induced deposition techniques for the growth of nanowires on flexible and transparent polycarbonate films is reported here. After minimization of charging effects in the substrate, sub-100 nm-wide Pt, W, and Co nanowires have been grown and their electrical conduction is similar compared to the use of standard Si-based substrates. Experiments where the substrate is bent in a controlled way indicate that the electrical conduction is stable up to high bending angles, >50°, for low-resistivity Pt nanowires grown by the ion beam. On the other hand, the resistance of Pt nanowires grown by the electron beam changes significantly and reversibly with the bending angle. Aided by the substrate transparency, a diffraction grating in transmission mode has been built based on the growth of an array of Pt nanowires that shows sharp diffraction spots. The set of results supports the large potential of focused beam deposition as a high-resolution nanolithography technique on transparent and flexible substrates. The most promising applications are expected in flexible nano-optics and nanoplasmonics, flexible electronics, and nanosensing.
Expression of the Mucosal Homing Receptor α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub>Correlates with the Ability of CD8<sup>+</sup>Memory T Cells To Clear Rotavirus Infection (1998)

The integrin alpha4beta7 plays an important role in lymphocyte homing to mucosal lymphoid tissues and has been shown to define a subpopulation of memory T cells capable of homing to intestinal sites. Here we have used a well-characterized intestinal virus, murine rotavirus, to investigate whether memory/effector function for an intestinal pathogen is associated with alpha4beta7 expression. Alpha4beta7(hi) memory phenotype (CD44hi), alpha4beta7- memory phenotype, and presumptively naive (CD44(lo)) CD8+ T lymphocytes from rotavirus-infected mice were sorted and transferred into Rag-2 (T- and B-cell-deficient) recipients that were chronically infected with murine rotavirus. Alpha4beta7(hi) memory phenotype CD8+ cells were highly efficient at clearing rotavirus infection, alpha4beta7- memory cells were inefficient or ineffective, depending on the cell numbers transferred, and CD44(lo) cells were completely unable to clear chronic rotavirus infection. These data demonstrate that functional memory for rotavirus resides primarily in memory phenotype cells that display the mucosal homing receptor alpha4beta7.
Natural Gas (2006)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Composition 1.2. Physical Properties 1.3. Combustion Properties 1.3.1. Calorific Value 1.3.2. Wobbe Index 2. Treating 2.1. Objectives of Natural Gas Treating 2.2. Natural Gas Wells and Field Installations 2.3. Processing Steps During Production 2.3.1. Use of Sulfur Solvents 2.3.2. Removal of Mercury 2.3.3. Dehydration 2.3.4. Removal of Hydrocarbons 2.4. Removal of Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Components 2.4.1. Absorption Processes 2.4.1.1. Physical Absorption Process 2.4.1.2. Chemical Absorption Processes 2.4.1.3. Physical ‐ Chemical Absorption Processes 2.4.2. Liquid Oxidation Processes 2.4.3. Adsorption Processes 2.4.3.1. Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide 2.4.3.2. Adsorption of Hydrogen Sulfide 2.5. Membrane Processes 2.6. Cryogenic Natural Gas Separation 2.7. Recovery of Sulfur 2.7.1. Claus Process 2.7.2. Tail‐Gas Cleanup Processes 2.7.3. Incineration 2.8. Example of an Integrated Plant 3. Liquefaction 3.1. Physical Properties of LNG 3.2. History 3.3. Production 3.3.1. Baseload Liquefaction Processes 3.3.2. Peak‐Shaving Liquefaction Processes 3.4. Storage 3.5. Transportation 3.5.1. Peak Shaving 3.5.2. Baseload 3.6. Safety Aspects 4. Transmission, Storage, and Distribution 4.1. Transportation 4.1.1. Pipeline Transmission 4.1.2. LNG Transportation 4.1.3. Gas Transmission Pipeline Design 4.1.4. Increase in Capacity 4.1.5. Transient Flow in Gas Transmission Systems 4.2. Storage 4.2.1. Determination of Storage Requirements 4.2.2. Storage Systems 4.2.3. Optimized Storage Planning 4.3. Distribution 5. Economic Aspects 6. Testing and Analysis 6.1. Analysis of Natural Gas Composition 6.1.1. Sampling 6.1.2. Gas Chromatography
Corrections, Juvenile (2017)

The juvenile justice system is charged with utilizing appropriate correctional responses to youth who are adjudicated delinquent in juvenile court in order to reduce recidivism and rehabilitate wayward adolescents. There are several dispositional alternatives that may be applied to delinquent youth, which range from probation supervision in the community to secure confinement in a juvenile correctional facility. Evidence‐based research has found that juvenile correctional programs that promote rehabilitative and restorative approaches are better at reducing recidivism than punitive or deterrence‐based programs. Thus, research suggests that the best approaches to juvenile corrections do the following: (1) target high‐risk juveniles; (2) utilize therapeutic approaches to changing behavior by focusing on constructive personal development; (3) match programs to the criminogenic needs and problem areas of the juvenile offenders; and (4) implement the appropriate tailored programs with trained and qualified staff who monitor their delivery and outcomes.