gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference lithography for optical devices and coatings (2010)

Interference lithography can create large-area, defect-free nanostructures with unique optical properties. In this thesis, interference lithography will be utilized to create photonic crystals for functional devices or coatings. For instance, typical lithographic processing techniques were used to create 1, 2 and 3 dimensional photonic crystals in SU8 photoresist. These structures were in-filled with birefringent liquid crystal to make active devices, and the orientation of the liquid crystal directors within the SU8 matrix was studied.\nMost of this thesis will be focused on utilizing polymerization induced phase separation as a single-step method for fabrication by interference lithography. For example, layered polymer/nanoparticle composites have been created through the one-step two-beam interference lithographic exposure of a dispersion of 25 and 50 nm silica particles within a photopolymerizable mixture at a wavelength of 532 nm. In the areas of constructive interference, the monomer begins to polymerize via a free-radical process and concurrently the nanoparticles move into the regions of destructive interference. The holographic exposure of the particles within the monomer resin offers a single-step method to anisotropically structure the nanoconstituents within a composite.\nA one-step holographic exposure was also used to fabricate self- healing coatings that use water from the environment to catalyze polymerization. Polymerization induced phase separation was used to sequester an isocyanate monomer within an acrylate matrix. Due to the periodic modulation of the index of refraction between the monomer and polymer, the coating can reflect a desired wavelength, allowing for tunable coloration. When the coating is scratched, polymerization of the liquid isocyanate is catalyzed by moisture in air; if the indices of the two polymers are matched, the coatings turn transparent after healing. Interference lithography offers a method of creating multifunctional self-healing coatings that readout when damage has occurred.
Nueva cronología del Bronce Final en el occidente de Europa (1997)

A new periodisation and chronology is proposed for the Western European Late Bronze Age that includes southern Italy, southern Spain (Andalusia), atlantic France and southern England, with the possible synchronicity between them, starting from a revision, with absolute calendar dates, of the early chronology of the Late Bronze Age I/IIA and Late Bronze Age IIB/IIIA.
Phase-Lock Loop Frequency Acquisition Study (1962)

The ability of a phase-lock loop using a proportional plus integral control filter to acquire a noisy signal when the local oscillator is being swept was determined empirically by means of a low-frequency, GEESE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> model of such a system. The effects of the damping factor and natural frequency on the frequency acquisition properties of linear loops (as distinguished from a loop in which the IF signal is limited) are considered in this study. In addition, consideration is given to a loop in which the IF signal is ``hard'' limited and the loop designed to maximize the sweep rate under the constraint that the probability of acquisition is equal to or greater than 90 per cent for a given SNR. The rms phase jitter in the output signal was measured as a method of verifying the standard analytic approach to predicting phase jitter. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The range of damping factors from 0.5 to 0.85 yields near optimum acquisition performance. 2) Although a drop in loop gain produces lower phase jitter for a given (S/N) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IF</inf> , it degrades the over-all ability of the loop to acquire and track a signal. 3) A ``hard'' limiter in the IF can be effectively used as a gain control to enhance loop performance. 4) Using an empirical formula derived from experimental results, the VCO sweep rate for 90 per cent probability of acquisition can be predicted accurately, given the (SNR) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IF</inf> and loop parameters.
A combinatorial approach to the analysis of channel allocation in personal communication systems (2002)

We describe the static and dynamic channel allocations from a combinatorial point of view which is based on users' point of view and product spaces. In particular, we show the importance of state-position probabilities and their role in the modeling of users with different speed characteristics. We describe two queueing models and the analytical evaluation of the overload probability in the context of channel assignment. The paper is guided by a series of simulation results through which we propose a new channel allocation approach for high speed users in which case the probability of overload is analytically expressed.
Acylated Cyclodextrins as Stationary Phases for Comparative Gas Liquid Chromatography. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcylated Cyclodextrins as Stationary Phases for Comparative Gas Liquid Chromatography.Hermann Schlenk, J. L. Gellerman, and D. M. SandCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 12, 1529–1532Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60192a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60192a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spatiometabolic Stratification of <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> Biofilms (2006)

Biofilms, or surface-attached microbial communities, are both ubiquitous and resilient in the environment. Although much is known about how biofilms form, develop, and detach, very little is understood about how these events are related to metabolism and its dynamics. It is commonly thought that large subpopulations of cells within biofilms are not actively producing proteins or generating energy and are therefore dead. An alternative hypothesis is that within the growth-inactive domains of biofilms, significant populations of living cells persist and retain the capacity to dynamically regulate their metabolism. To test this, we employed unstable fluorescent reporters to measure growth activity and protein synthesis in vivo over the course of biofilm development and created a quantitative routine to compare domains of activity in independently grown biofilms. Here we report that Shewanella oneidensis biofilm structures reproducibly stratify with respect to growth activity and metabolism as a function of size. Within domains of growth-inactive cells, genes typically upregulated under anaerobic conditions are expressed well after growth has ceased. These findings reveal that, far from being dead, the majority of cells in mature S. oneidensis biofilms have actively turned-on metabolic programs appropriate to their local microenvironment and developmental stage.
Blistering of silicon crystals by low keV hydrogen and helium ions (2001)

The blistering of Si wafers with (100), (110), and (111) orientations, induced by implantation of low energy (5–8 keV) H and/or He ions, was studied. Our earlier work had used either pure H implants at high dose (5×1016 cm−2) or low dose coimplantation (1×1016 H cm−2+1×1016 He cm−2). Here we study pure He implantation, and coimplantation with variable He/H dose ratio, in order to understand the roles of H and He, in the hope of improving the blistering efficiency (as used, e.g., in the Smart-cut® process). After room temperature implantation, the samples were vacuum annealed in three steps at 500, 550, and 600 °C. At each step, the development of blistering and exfoliation was quantified by scanning electron microscopy (“exfoliation” is here used to mean blister explosion). We found that the thermal budget required for blistering is higher than for comparable doses of high energy (&gt;30 keV) ions. On the Si(110) surface, H blistering is very weak, He blistering is the strongest, but exfoliation absent. On Si(111), H blistering is the strongest, He the weakest, but exfoliation a maximum. Si(100) shows intermediate behavior. Weak H blistering correlates with premature H2 desorption. H+He coimplantation efficiently increases the degree of blistering and, to some extent, exfoliation.
Pattern matching methods in protein sequence comparison and structure prediction (1988)

Journal Article Pattern matching methods in protein sequence comparison and structure prediction Get access W.R. Taylor W.R. Taylor National Institute for Medical ResearchThe Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 2, Issue 2, July 1988, Pages 77–86, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/2.2.77 Published: 01 July 1988
Active Management (2000)

Most financial markets are mostly efficient most of the time. Inefficiencies– opportunities to add value proportionate to marginal systematic risk– appear sporadically and unpredictably. To improve the information ratio, the manager must search constantly and widely for inefficiencies. That is, manager performance depends crucially on broadening manager scope. The author argues that clients and their scope by structuring mandates in ways that are not accurately conventional. Managers can also broaden their scope by organizing themselves as teams with specialist and generalist portfolio managers who cooperate to diversify across not only countries and currencies but also investment styles. Widening scope should also improve a management team9s skill.
Ion Pumps in Polarized Cells: Sorting and Regulation of the Na+,K+- and H+,K+-ATPases (2001)

The physiologic function of an ion transport protein is determined, in part, by its subcellular localization and by the cellular mechanisms that modulate its activity. The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and the H(+),K(+)-ATPases are closely related members of the P-type family of ion transporting ATPases. Despite their homology, these pumps are sorted to different domains in polarized epithelial cells, and their enzymatic activities are subject to distinct regulatory pathways. The molecular signals responsible for these properties have begun to be elucidated. It appears that a complex array of inter- and intramolecular interactions govern trafficking, distribution, and catalytic capacities of these proteins.
Monodispersed metal (hydrous) oxides - a fascinating field of colloid science (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMonodispersed metal (hydrous) oxides - a fascinating field of colloid scienceEgon MatijevicCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1981, 14, 1, 22–29Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00061a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00061a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2203Altmetric-Citations370LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequency-division multiplexer and demultiplexer for terahertz wireless links (2017)

The development of components for terahertz wireless communications networks has become an active and growing research field. However, in most cases these components have been studied using a continuous or broadband-pulsed terahertz source, not using a modulated data stream. This limitation may mask important aspects of the performance of the device in a realistic system configuration. We report the characterization of one such device, a frequency multiplexer, using modulated data at rates up to 10 gigabits per second. We also demonstrate simultaneous error-free transmission of two signals at different carrier frequencies, with an aggregate data rate of 50 gigabits per second. We observe that the far-field spatial variation of the bit error rate is different from that of the emitted power, due to a small nonuniformity in the angular detection sensitivity. This is likely to be a common feature of any terahertz communication system in which signals propagate as diffracting beams not omnidirectional broadcasts.There is growing interest in the development of components to facilitate wireless communications in the terahertz but the characterization of these systems involve an unmodulated input. Here the authors demonstrate multiplexing and demultiplexing of data streams in the terahertz range using a real data link.
Secondary structure and dosage of soluble and membrane proteins by attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy on hydrated films (1990)

Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of thin hydrated films of soluble and membrane protein included in a phospholipid bilayer is shown to provide useful information as to the secondary structure of the protein. The analysis of the amide I band of deuterated samples by Fourier self-deconvolution followed by a curve fitting was performed by a new procedure in which all the input parameters are generated by the computer rather than by the investigator. The results of this analysis provide a correct estimation of the alpha-helix and beta-sheet structure content with a standard deviation of 8.6% when X-ray structures are taken as a reference. We also show that the orientation of the different secondary structures resolved by the Fourier self-deconvolution/curve-fitting procedure and of the phospholipid acyl chains can be simultaneously evaluated for membrane proteins reconstituted in a lipid bilayer. Of special interest for reconstitution of membrane proteins, the lipid/protein ratio can be accurately and quickly determined from the infrared spectrum.
Synthetic Aspects of Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidations of Amines and Related Reactions (1995)

Abstract The metabolism of amines is governed by a variety of enzymes such as amine oxidase, flavoenzyme, and cytochrome P‐450. A wide variety of compounds are produced such as ammonia and alkaloids in selective and clean oxidation reactions that proceed under mild reaction conditions. Simulation of the functions of these enzymes with simple transition metal complex catalysts may lead to the discovery of biomimetic, catalytic oxidations of amines and related compounds. Indeed, metal complex catalyzed oxidations have been found to proceed with high efficiency. The first section of this review discusses the dehydrogenative oxidations of amines with transition metal catalysts by transition metal catalysts that simulate amine oxidase. The second section highlights the catalytic oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones by simulation of flavoenzymes. The third section describes the simulation of the function of cytochrome P‐450 with lowvalent ruthenium complexes and peroxides. Biomimetic ruthenium‐catalyzed oxidations of tertiary amines, secondary amines, and other substrates such as amides, β‐lactams, nitriles, alcohols, alkenes, ketones, and even nonactivated hydrocarbons can be performed selectively under mild conditions. These three general approaches provide highly useful strategies for synthesis of fine chemicals and biologically active compounds such as alkaloids, amino acids, and β‐lactams.
Optical gain and lasing of ZnO∕ZnMgO multiple quantum wells: From low to room temperature (2006)

Optical gain and lasing properties of ZnO∕ZnMgO multiple quantum wells with and without separate optical confinement are investigated in the temperature range from 5to290K. The data signify that localized states are crucially involved in the laser action up to room temperature. The lasing threshold increases by about one order of magnitude and reaches 140kW∕cm2 at 290K. The room temperature material gain is in the 103cm−1 range.
Analysis of T-Cell Receptor Vβ Gene Repertoires after Immune Stimulation and in Malignancy by Use of Padlock Probes and Microarrays (2005)

Padlock probe-based parallel analysis of TCR V beta gene distributions provides an efficient method for screening multiple samples for T-cell clonal expansions with reduced labor and time of analysis compared with traditional methods.
Evidence for the Binding of Ng-CAM to Laminin (1993)

Ng-CAM is a cell adhesion molecule mediating neuron-glia and neuron-neuron adhesion via different binding mechanisms. While its binding can be homophilic as demonstrated by the self-aggregation of Ng-CAM coated beads (Covaspheres), Ng-CAM has also been shown to bind to glia by a heterophilic mechanism. In the present study, we found that the extent of Ng-CAM Covasphere aggregation was strongly diminished in the presence of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin. When proteolytic fragments of laminin were tested, the P1' fragment (obtained from the short arms by pepsin treatment) was found to inhibit aggregation of Ng-CAM-Covaspheres while the elastase fragments E3 and E8 (from the long arm) were ineffective. To provide other means of analyzing interactions between laminin and Ng-CAM, the two proteins were covalently linked to differently fluorescing Covaspheres and tested for coaggregation. Laminin-Covaspheres coaggregated with Ng-CAM-Covaspheres, and this binding was inhibited both by anti-Ng-CAM and by anti-laminin antibodies. Covaspheres coated with other proteins including BSA and fibronectin did not coaggregate with Ng-CAM-Covaspheres. Moreover, using a solid phase binding assay, we found that 125I-labeled Ng-CAM bound to laminin and to Ng-CAM but not to fibronectin. The results suggest that regions in the short arms of laminin can bind to Ng-CAM. To test whether Ng-CAM present on neurons could be involved in binding to laminin, adhesion of neurons to substrates coated with various proteins was tested in the presence of specific antibodies. Anti-Ng-CAM Fab' fragments inhibited neuronal binding to laminin but not binding to fibronectin. The combined results open the possibility that Ng-CAM on the surface of neurons may mediate binding to laminin in vivo, and that interactions with laminin can modulate homophilic Ng-CAM binding.
Effect of resin molecular weight on the resolution of DUV negative photoresists (1994)

A wide range of molecular weights (3500 to 240000) of poly(p- vinyl)phenol was studied. Polymer dissolution rate vs. molecular weight followed a simple kinetic equation, with the kinetic order m equals2.0. The photospeed of the resist was not strongly affected by the starting resin molecular weight; however, resolution decreased rapidly with increasing M<SUB>w</SUB>. Also, the higher the starting molecular weight, the greater the tendency for the resist to form microbridges between features. The microbridges could be as long as 1.0micrometers for the highest molecular weight resin, M<SUB>w</SUB> equals240000. The lowest molecular weight resins, M<SUB>w</SUB> <EQ5000, showed no evidence of microbridges even at the resolution limit of the stepper, 0.32micrometers , with 0.14N development. However, higher normality developer, such as 0.26N TMAH, showed microbridges across 0.42micrometers features with M<SUB>w</SUB> equals3500 resin. For comparison, a m,p-cresol novolak, also 3500 molecular weight, showed no evidence of microbridging in the higher normality developer. The reason for this difference is that the novolak does not crosslink as effectively as PVP does. Based on extraction experiments, it has been shown that the molecular weight at a sizing dose is 164000 for PVP and 6500 for the novolak. Thus, the novolak must react with the melamine primarily through an intrachain reaction, whereas the PVP- melamine reaction is an interchain reaction. Finally, a mechanism for microbridge formation is discussed.
A Variable Focus Lens and Its Uses (1940)

By placing two variable, liquid, cylindrical lenses with their axes crossed at right angles, a lens has been made which produces the effects characteristic of spherical, cylindrical or toroidal lenses, and in addition has the property of variable focus. The useful range of powers is about seven diopters, and the accuracy in repeating any power is satisfactory. Its application to ocular refraction is discussed.
Evidence for functional interaction between elongation factor Tu and 16S ribosomal RNA. (1993)

Translation of the genetic code requires the accurate selection of elongation factor (EF)-Tu.GTP.tRNA ternary complexes at the ribosomal acceptor site, or A site. Several independent lines of evidence have implicated the universally conserved 530 loop of 16S rRNA in this process; yet its precise role has not been identified. Using an allele-specific chemical probing strategy, we have examined the functional defect caused by a dominant lethal G-->A substitution at position 530. We find that mutant ribosomes are impaired in EF-Tu-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA in vitro; in contrast, nonenzymatic binding of tRNA to the A and P sites is unaffected, indicating that the defect involves an EF-Tu-related function rather than tRNA-ribosome interactions per se. In vivo, the mutant ribosomes are found in polysomes at low levels and contain reduced amounts of A-site-bound tRNA, but normal levels of P-site tRNA, in agreement with the in vitro results; thus the dominant lethal phenotype of mutations at G530 can be explained by impaired interaction of mutant ribosomes with ternary complex. These results provide evidence for a newly defined function of 16S rRNA--namely, modulation of EF-Tu activity during translation.