gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation performance of a quantized log-likelihood sequential detector for PN code acquisition in the presence of data modulation and Doppler shift (2002)

The problem of initial acquisition of data modulated spread-spectrum PN codes in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions using a variable-dwell time serial search synchronizer controlled by a sequential detector is addressed. The effect of carrier and code rate Doppler frequency offsets on the acquisition characteristics of three kinds of sequential detector was assessed by means of a Monte Carlo computer simulation, and their performances were compared. The detectors examined are: the ideal log-likelihood sequential detector; the quantized log-likelihood sequential detector; and the biased square law sequential detector. These were analyzed in the presence of Doppler shift and data modulation at two values of bias, namely, the normalized Wald's (1947) optimum bias and a nonoptimum bias.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diffraction by a Finite Sinusoidal Phase Grating (1963)

The exact expressions for the diffraction pattern produced by a single sinusoidal groove and for finite gratings have been derived and compared with the expressions commonly used. We have shown that the usual approximations are valid only in the limit of gratings with an infinite number of grooves. Attention is given to the case of color thermoplastic recording, where the number of grooves is expected to be few.
Characterization of an antiserum specific for the Fabalpha fragment. Its use for detection of alpha-heavy chain disease protein by immunoselection. (1979)

An antiserum to the Fabalpha fragment of human IgA was prepared by injecting K-and lambda-type IgA1 myeloma protein Fab fragments in complete Freund's adjuvant into a goat. After appropriate absorptions, the antiserum reacted specifically with Fabalpha fragments, normal IgA, and K- and lambda-type IgA1 and IgA2 myeloma proteins. This antiserum contained predominantly antibodies to determinants shared by different IgA myeloma proteins and expressed on isolated alpha chains. These determinants were presumably located on the first constant domain of the alpha chain (Fd fragment). When incorporated into agarose, the anti-Fabalpha antiserum is a potentially valuable reagent for screening human sera for alpha-heavy chain disease proteins by an immunoelectrophoretic method of immunoselection.
Treatment strategies for recurrent and refractory<i>Clostridium difficile</i>-associated diarrhea (2007)

Clostridium difficile, the most common nosocomial infection of the GI tract, has become a bigger threat with the emergence of a hypervirulent strain. C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is usually a consequence of antibiotic therapy or chemotherapy, but sporadic cases occur, and an increase in severe sporadic cases is of great concern. Epidemics of CDAD with high morbidity and mortality have been documented in the USA, Canada and Europe, making accurate diagnosis, effective therapy and strategies for prevention more important than ever. Treatment of refractory and recurrent CDAD remain therapeutic challenges. Improved treatments are needed; several new drugs are currently in trials.
Invited Talk 3: Foundry Full-Scale Reliability Testing Capability Setup for Advanced Technology (2007)

Summary form only given. To facilitate the business fast-growing and meet reliability test requirements of advanced technology development and multiple types of products, it is necessary to establish a flexible, fast-responsible, and efficient full-scale reliability testing capability. The reliability testing capability should cover all segments including technology development and qualification, process monitor and reliability assessment of process issues. Innovative test structure like matrix gate oxide structure was designed to improve wafer level reliability (WLR) test efficiency and probe contact resistance (PCR) calibration tool was developed to enhance test accuracy. The side braze assembly (SBA) line was established and significantly reduced the sample preparation cycle time. Moreover, it provides the flexibility to support complicated ESD/ function & design verifications, and product reliability studies using our innovative high-pin-count package solutions. Anti-ESD solution kits were developed to prevent ESD damage during sample preparation & package reliability testing in advanced technology node. Advanced test during burn in (TDBI) system was established to extend the test capability from memory device to mix-signal device. In-house Chip probing (CP) system deepens our understanding on correlation among CP, final test (FT) and reliability performance. Build-in reliability diagnosis system (BIRDS) was formed to manage the reliability data and ensures data integrity. It also creates an opportunity for reliability data systematical statistic analysis.
Influence of an Excessive Supply of Vitamin D2-Fortified Shiitake Mushroom on Laying Hens. (1997)

長期にわたりビタミンD2強化シイタケの過剰給与試験を行い,ビタミンD強化卵の生産効率及び産卵鶏に対する安全性を確認した.ビタミンD2量80μg/gの強化シイタケを0,0.25,0.5,1,25及び5%基礎飼料中に添加し,産卵鶏に30週間給与した.卵黄中のビタミンD2量は,ビタミンD2強化シイタケ給与開始後6～8週目まで増加し,その後一定値を示した.そして30週間産卵率の変動も少なく,ビタミンD強化卵を生産し続けた.強化シイタケの添加量と卵黄中のビタミンD量は比例しており,5%添加区では卵1個当たりビタミンD量62μg,対照区の125倍量となり,更にビタミンD高含有の卵も作出可能と考えられた.卵黄中の25(OH)D2量も卵黄中ビタミンD量と同様な経時変化を示し0ビタミンD2強化シイタケの添加量の増加にともない比例的に増加した.25(OH)D2の合成は容易ではなく,現在ウサギ等の動物を用い生体内で合成し分取,精製されている.本試験結果より卵を用いた25(OH)D2作製法の可能性が示唆された.ビタミンD及び25(OH)D2は鶏肉中へも移行,蓄積しており,各部位で比較すると脂肪分の多いもも肉に0.38μg/gともっとも多く含まれ,胸肉,ささ身の5～6倍量であった.産卵成績,卵殻質,血清中カルシウム及びリン濃度へのビタミンD2強化シイタケ給与の影響は認められないと同時に,5%添加区での腎臓の異常以外は産卵鶏の健康状態も良好とされ,産卵鶏に対する安全性が確認された.
40 Gbit/s×25 WDM 306 km unrepeatered transmission using 175 µm2-Aeff fibre (2003)

The authors have successfully demonstrated 40 Gbit/s-based terabit-capacity unrepeatered transmission over 306 km. They transmitted 100 GHz-spaced 25×40 Gbit/s RZ signals with Q-factors all better than 15.6 dB using a hybrid transmission line configuration of 175 µm2-Aeff (effective core area) fibres and NZ-DSF and using a remote EDFA that requires no dedicated pump light transmission fibre. The attained transmission distance was over 306 km for 40 Gbit/s-based unrepeatered transmission.
Viscosity and elastic constants of amorphous Si and Ge (1993)

The biaxial modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion of ion-beam-sputtered amorphous Si and Ge thin films were determined from curvature changes induced by differential thermal expansion. Viscous flow was measured by stress relaxation and was found to be Newtonian. The viscosity increased linearly with time as a result of structural relaxation, and its isoconfigurational activation enthalpy was 1.8±0.3 and 2.6±1.3 eV for amorphous Si and Ge, respectively. An atomistic model, based on a chain reaction of broken bond rearrangements, is proposed to describe the observation.
Scholarly big data information extraction and integration in the CiteSeer<sup>&#x03C7;</sup> digital library (2014)

CiteSeer<sup>χ</sup> is a digital library that contains approximately 3.5 million scholarly documents and receives between 2 and 4 million requests per day. In addition to making documents available via a public Website, the data is also used to facilitate research in areas like citation analysis, co-author network analysis, scalability evaluation and information extraction. The papers in CiteSeer<sup>χ</sup> are gathered from the Web by means of continuous automatic focused crawling and go through a series of automatic processing steps as part of the ingestion process. Given the size of the collection, the fact that it is constantly expanding, and the multiple ways in which it is used both by the public to access scholarly documents and for research, there are several big data challenges. In this paper, we provide a case study description of how we address these challenges when it comes to information extraction, data integration and entity linking in CiteSeer<sup>χ</sup>. We describe how we: aggregate data from multiple sources on the Web; store and manage data; process data as part of an automatic ingestion pipeline that includes automatic metadata and information extraction; perform document and citation clustering; perform entity linking and name disambiguation; and make our data and source code available to enable research and collaboration.
Quantum cascade laser intracavity absorption spectrometer for trace gas sensing (2013)

A mid-infrared intracavity laser absorption spectrometer for trace gas sensing is demonstrated. An external-cavity multi-mode quantum cascade laser with central wavelength 8.0 μm was combined with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, which analyzed the change of the laser emission spectrum caused by introducing an analyte inside the cavity. The detection mechanism is based on monitoring the laser spectrum dynamics at adiabatically changing laser conditions in long pulse operation mode. Fast acquisition and vapor exchange allow nearly real-time analyte detection. Sensitivity at the level of 1 × 10−5 cm−1 was demonstrated based on a weak water vapor absorption line.
Experimental evaluations of open-source Linux-based VPN solutions (2005)

Virtual private networks (VPNs) provide a low-cost alternative to leased lines and as such, are becoming increasingly popular among commercial and defense organizations for providing vital inter-office connectivity. Several commercial and open-source VPN products are now available that mainly differ in their capabilities to provide safe and secure services. In this paper, we study fifteen popular open-source Linux-based VPN solutions (OSLVs) and compare them with respect to network performances (bandwidth, delay and latency/jitter), supported features & functionalities (algorithm plug-ins and routing) and operational concerns (security and scalability). Experiments suggest that there is no single OSLV that excels in all the considered aspects and a combination of different solutions and/or tradeoff among desired characteristics may be required to deliver an optimal performance. Also network performance results suggest that OSLVs using UDP tunnels introduce 50% lower overhead, utilize 80% higher bandwidth and have 40-60% lower latency/jitter than those based on TCP
Tyrosinase Expression during Neuroblast Divisions Affects Later Pathfinding by Retinal Ganglion Cells (2003)

Occulocutaneous albinism is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme tyrosinase. Individuals with this disorder are predisposed to visual system deficits. We determined the critical period during development when tyrosinase expression is essential for the appropriate pathfinding of ganglion cell axons from the retina to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. We used a line of mice with a Tyrosinase transgene, the expression of which is regulatable with the lac operator-repressor system, to restrict tyrosinase activity to discrete periods of embryogenesis. When tyrosinase was expressed throughout the period of neuroblast divisions that produce the ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells, axonal projections innervated the same volume of the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus as in normal mice. If tyrosinase expression ceased before the end of neuroblast divisions, or was not initiated until after they had begun, the degree of ipsilateral innervation was smaller, as in albino mice. Tyrosinase expression was not required during the entire period of pathfinding itself or during final maturation of the retinogeniculate pathway. Thus, tyrosinase appears to set up a signal early in visual system development that determines the pathway taken later by ganglion cell axons.
Propagation of unbalance in electric power systems (2007)

Power quality has become an important issue for electric power engineering. Nowadays, the distribution electric networks have unbalanced operating regimes, mainly produced by the great number of single-phase loads. Unbalanced line currents produce unbalanced voltage drops on the three phases of the supply system. Consequently, the voltage system within the supply network will become unbalanced. Voltage unbalance influences different components of the electric networks: the effects on the motors are the growths of losses, supplementary heating, and finally, the motors life is shorted. In the distribution and transmission electric networks the main effect of the unbalanced currents is the existence of additional power losses. Taking into account the above mentioned aspects, it is necessary to study the propagation of unbalance through the electric power system, upstream from the LV distribution level. By using the symmetrical components theory, transformers with different types of connections were studied, and their influence on the unbalance propagation was analyzed. A numerical example is presented for the propagation of unbalance from the secondary side of a transformer with Yz <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> connection to its primary side.
New communication transfer modes for the broadband ISDN (2003)

Broadband integrated-services digital networks (B-ISDNs) represent the evolution of common carrier networks to provide in the metropolitan and the long-distance areas high-speed (multigigabit-per-second) multimedia communication and information services. Both synchronous and asynchronous transfer modes (STMs and ATMs) are included in the evolving B-ISDN scenario for the operation of multiplexing, transmission, and switching equipment throughout the network. The authors briefly describe the challenge of using STM and ATM to implement broadband multimedia applications, including voice, data, high-definition graphics, and full-motion video. Such multimedia service integration is to be offered by the B-ISDN for both the direct access of multimedia user workstations and the interfacing of local user networks dedicated to various applications. The authors predict the progressive availability of (1) STM transmission and cross-connect equipment at 150 and 600 Mb/s and 1.2 and 2.4 Gb/s and (2) ATM access interfaces and switching equipment at 50 and 150 Mb/s, using the solution of ATM embedded into STM frames.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spin-Spin Interaction and Spin Squeezing in an Optical Lattice (1999)

We show that, by displacing two optical lattices with respect to each other, we may produce interactions similar to the ones describing ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in condensed matter physics. We also show that particularly simple choices of the interaction lead to spin squeezing, which may be used to improve the sensitivity of atomic clocks. Spin squeezing is generated even with partially, and randomly, filled lattices, and our proposal may be implemented with current technology.
Electron-transfer chemistry of the merostabilized 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinon-3-yl radical (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer chemistry of the merostabilized 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinon-3-yl radicalJohn M. Burns, Donald L. Wharry, and Tad H. KochCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4, 849–856Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00394a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00394a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of tissue factor is associated with clinical features and angiogenesis in prostate cancer. (2003)

These results suggest that increased angiogenesis associated with TF expression might cause the metastasis and progression of prostate cancer.
Crystal Structure of the Ligand Binding Domain of the Human Nuclear Receptor PPARγ (1998)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the nuclear receptor supergene family and are considered as key sensors of both lipid and glucose homeostasis. The role of the PPARgamma isoform in glucose metabolism is illustrated by the fact that anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones have been shown to be bona fide PPARgamma ligands. Here we report the crystal structure of apo-PPARgamma ligand binding domain (LBD) determined to 2.9-A resolution. Although the structure of apo-PPARgamma-LBD retains the overall fold described previously for other nuclear receptor LBDs, three distinct structural differences are evident. 1) The core AF-2 activation domain of apo-PPARgamma LBD is folded back toward the predicted ligand binding pocket similar to that observed in the holo-forms of other nuclear receptors. 2) The proposed ligand binding pocket of apo-PPARgamma-LBD is larger and more accessible to the surface in contrast to other LBDs. 3) The region of the LBD called the omega-loop is extended in PPARgamma and contains additional structural elements. Taken together, the apo-PPARgamma-LBD structure is in several aspects different from previously described LBDs. Given the central role of PPARgamma as a mediator in glucose regulation, the structure should be an important tool in the development of improved anti-diabetic agents.
The TOR signaling cascade regulates gene expression in response to nutrients (1999)

Rapamycin inhibits the TOR kinases, which regulate cell proliferation and mRNA translation and are conserved from yeast to man. The TOR kinases also regulate responses to nutrients, including sporulation, autophagy, mating, and ribosome biogenesis. We have analyzed gene expression in yeast cells exposed to rapamycin using arrays representing the whole yeast genome. TOR inhibition by rapamycin induces expression of nitrogen source utilization genes controlled by the Ure2 repressor and the transcriptional regulator Gln3, and globally represses ribosomal protein expression. gln3 mutations were found to confer rapamycin resistance, whereas ure2 mutations confer rapamycin hypersensitivity, even in cells expressing dominant rapamycin-resistant TOR mutants. We find that Ure2 is a phosphoprotein in vivo that is rapidly dephosphorylated in response to rapamycin or nitrogen limitation. In summary, our results reveal that the TOR cascade plays a prominent role in regulating transcription in response to nutrients in addition to its known roles in regulating translation, ribosome biogenesis, and amino acid permease stability.
Problems and some solutions in customization of natural language database front ends (1985)

This paper is concerned with some of the issues arising in the development of a domain-independent English interface to IBM SQL-based program products. The TQA system falls into the class of multilayered natural language processing systems. As a result, there is a large number of potential points at which customization to a particular database can be done. Of these, we discuss procedures that affect the reader, the lexicon, the lowest level of grammar rules, the semantic interpreter, and the output formatter. Our tests lead us to believe that the approach we are taking will make it possible for database administrators to generate robust English interfaces to particular databases without help from linguistic experts.
Competitive learning with generalized winner-take-all activation (1992)

Competitive learning paradigms are usually defined with winner-take-all (WTA) activation rules. The paper develops a mathematical model for competitive learning paradigms using a generalization of the WTA activation rule (g-WTA). The model is a partial differential equation (PDE) relating the time rate of change in the ;density' of weight vectors to the divergence of a vector field called the neural flux. Characteristic trajectories are used to study solutions of the PDE model over scalar weight spaces. These solutions show how the model can be used to design competitive learning algorithms which estimate the modes of unknown probability density functions.
<title>Micromachined polysilicon torsion mirrors for an electrostatic optical switch in a free space</title> (1998)

We have developed a new type of compact optical cross- connector by silicon micromachining technique. Torsion mirrors (300 micrometers X 600 micrometers ) supported by thin poly silicon beams (16 micrometers wide, 320 micrometers long, 0.4 micrometers thick) are arranged in a 2 X 2 matrix (3 mm X 5 mm) and independently operated by electrostatic force to reflect the incident light in a free-space. Using collimated-beam optical fibers for optical coupling, we obtained small insertion loss (-7.6 dB), a large attenuation ratio (>=60 dB), and small crosstalk (<EQ60 dB). The fabrication yield was higher than 80% thanks to the newly developed releasing technique using a silicon oxide diaphragm as an etch-stop layer and as a mechanical support in the process. Holding voltage (50 V) was reduced lower than the voltage to attract the mirror (100 approximately 150 V) using the large hysteresis of the angle-voltage characteristic of electrostatic operation.
<i>Candida rugosa</i> , an Emerging Fungal Pathogen with Resistance to Azoles: Geographic and Temporal Trends from the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program (2006)

Candida rugosa is a fungus that appears to be emerging as a cause of infection in some geographic regions. We utilized the extensive database of the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program to describe the geographic and temporal trends in the isolation of C. rugosa from clinical specimens and the in vitro susceptibilities of 452 isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole. C. rugosa accounted for 0.4% of 134,715 isolates of Candida, and the frequency of isolation increased from 0.03% to 0.4% over the 6.5-year study period (1997 to 2003). C. rugosa was most common in the Latin American region (2.7% versus 0.1 to 0.4%). Decreased susceptibility to fluconazole (40.5% susceptible) was observed in all geographic regions; however, isolates from Europe and North America were much more susceptible (97 to 100%) to voriconazole than those from other geographic regions (55.8 to 58.8%). C. rugosa was most often isolated from blood and urine in patients hospitalized at the Medical and Surgical inpatient services. Notably, bloodstream isolates were the least susceptible to both fluconazole and voriconazole. C. rugosa should be considered, along with the established pathogens Candida krusei and Candida glabrata, as a species of Candida with reduced susceptibility to the azole antifungal agents.