gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Callose synthesis in higher plants (2009)

Callose is a polysaccharide in the form of beta-1,3-glucan with some beta-1,6-branches and it exists in the cell walls of a wide variety of higher plants. Callose plays important roles during a variety of processes in plant development and/or in response to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. It is now generally believed that callose is produced by callose synthases and that it is degraded by beta-1,3-glucanases. Despite the importance of callose in plants, we have only recently begun to elucidate the molecular mechanism of its synthesis. Molecular and genetic studies in Arabidopsis have identified a set of genes that are involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of callose. In this mini-review, we highlight recent progress in understanding callose biosynthesis and degradation and discuss the future challenges of unraveling the mechanism(s) by which callose synthase operate.
Classification of burn wounds using support vector machines (2004)

The purpose of this work is to improve a previous method developed by the authors for the classification of burn wounds into their depths. The inputs of the system are color and texture information, as these are the characteristics observed by physicians in order to give a diagnosis. Our previous work consisted in segmenting the burn wound from the rest of the image and classifying the burn into its depth. In this paper we focus on the classification problem only. We already proposed to use a Fuzzy-ARTMAP neural network (NN). However, we may take advantage of new powerful classification tools such as Support Vector Machines (SVM). We apply the five-folded cross validation scheme to divide the database into training and validating sets. Then, we apply a feature selection method for each classifier, which will give us the set of features that yields the smallest classification error for each classifier. Features used to classify are first-order statistical parameters extracted from the L*, u* and v* color components of the image. The feature selection algorithms used are the Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) and the Sequential Backward Selection (SBS) methods. As data of the problem faced here are not linearly separable, the SVM was trained using some different kernels. The validating process shows that the SVM method, when using a Gaussian kernel of variance 1, outperforms classification results obtained with the rest of the classifiers, yielding an error classification rate of 0.7% whereas the Fuzzy-ARTMAP NN attained 1.6 %.
Silent aspiration following stroke (1988)

Neurogenic dysphagia following stroke is not limited to brainstem involvement. Among 21 patients with stroke, one-third demonstrated only unilateral signs. In eight patients with silent aspiration, less subjective complaints, weaker cough, and dysphonia occurred more often. Videofluoroscopy must be used liberally in unilateral and bilateral strokes.
Novel Route to Fatigue-Resistant Fully Sintered Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Knee Prosthesis (2005)

The role of entanglements in obtaining a homogeneous product of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) has been explored. Studies performed in this report show that a disentangled state before melting is a prerequisite to obtain homogeneous products of an intractable polymer like UHMW-PE. The disentangled state is obtained directly from the reactor by controlling the polymerization conditions or in the solid state when there is enhanced chain mobility along the c axis of a unit cell. The disentangled state is maintained in the melt over a period of time, invoking implications in polymer rheology. This approach is applicable to polymers in general. The homogeneous fully sintered UHMW-PE, obtained for the first time, shows a considerable decrease in oxygen permeability and an increase in toughness and fatigue resistance. Such homogeneous products of UHMW-PE are beneficial in highly demanding applications, especially in knee prosthesis, where the polymer is used as an inlay between the human bone and a metal or ceramic part, which slides against the polyethylene component during normal gait.
Preferred Color Reproduction of Images with unknown Colorimetry (2001)

Observer preferences in color reproduction have been the center of debate for many years. Through a series of psychophysical experiments we are trying to better understand what observers are evaluating while looking at an image. The first experiment was a survey of observers rating the quality of thirty-seven different image characteristics that relate to the color dimensions of images. The data collected has demonstrated that observer preferences remain relatively constant while judging color attributes between media and for various types of images. Furthermore, it is apparent that the rating of mid-tone image area content and the overall image characteristics are similar. The second experiment is an international rank ordering of image quality. The goal of this experiment is to build colorimetric tolerances on observer preference and determine if cultural biases exist. The preliminary results of the experiment indicate that on average a difference in culture does not demonstrates much difference in preference.
LUDWIGʼS ANGINA (1908)

Instructor in Surgery in the University of Pennsylvania; Assistant Surgeon to the University and the Philadelphia General Hospitals.
Orchestrating the execution of stream programs on multicore platforms (2008)

While multicore hardware has become ubiquitous, explicitly parallel programming models and compiler techniques for exploiting parallelism on these systems have noticeably lagged behind. Stream programming is one model that has wide applicability in the multimedia, graphics, and signal processing domains. Streaming models execute as a set of independent actors that explicitly communicate data through channels. This paper presents a compiler technique for planning and orchestrating the execution of streaming applications on multicore platforms. An integrated unfolding and partitioning step based on integer linear programming is presented that unfolds data parallel actors as needed and maximally packs actors onto cores. Next, the actors are assigned to pipeline stages in such a way that all communication is maximally overlapped with computation on the cores. To facilitate experimentation, a generalized code generation template for mapping the software pipeline onto the Cell architecture is presented. For a range of streaming applications, a geometric mean speedup of 14.7x is achieved on a 16-core Cell platform compared to a single core.
Drosophila alicorn Is a Neuronal Maintenance Factor Protecting against Activity-Induced Retinal Degeneration (2008)

Exploring mechanisms that govern neuronal responses to metabolic stress is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at treatment of neuronal injury and disease. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key enzyme regulating cellular energy homeostasis that responds to changes in cellular energy levels by promoting energy-restorative and inhibiting energy-consumptive processes. Recent studies have suggested that AMPK might have a neuroprotective function. However, the existing evidence is contradictory and almost exclusively derived from in vitro studies based on drug treatments and metabolic stress models. To tackle these issues in vivo, we used the Drosophila visual system. In this report, we describe a novel Drosophila mutant, alicorn (alc), encoding the single beta regulatory subunit of AMPK. Loss of alc using the eyFlp system causes severe early-onset progressive nonapoptotic neurodegeneration in the retina, the optic lobe, and the antennae, as well as behavioral and neurophysiological defects. Retinal degeneration occurs immediately after normal neuronal differentiation, can be enhanced by exposure to light, and can be prevented by blocking photoreceptor excitation. Furthermore, AMPK is required for proper viability of differentiated photoreceptors by mechanisms unrelated to polarity events that AMPK controls in epithelial tissues. In conclusion, AMPK does not affect photoreceptor development but is crucial to maintaining integrity of mature neurons under conditions of increased activity and provides protection from excitotoxicity.
A 10b 10GHz digitlly controlled LC oscillator in 65nm CMOS (2006)

A digitally controlled LC oscillator (DCO) is integrated in a digital 65nm CMOS technology. The frequency can be fine tuned with 10b from 9.87 to 10.92GHZ (10%) with a frequency step of 1.03MHz/LSB. The DCO draws 3.0mA from a 1.1V supply and achieves a phase noise of -102dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset (FOM=-177.2dBc/Hz)
Quantitative seismic interpretation applying rock physics tools to reduce interpretation risk (2005)

Quantitative Seismic Interpretation demonstrates how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes. The authors provide an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface reservoirs using well-log and seismic data. They illustrate the advantages of these new methodologies, while providing advice about limitations of the methods and traditional pitfalls. This book is aimed at graduate students, academics and industry professionals working in the areas of petroleum geoscience and exploration seismology. It will also interest environmental geophysicists seeking a quantitative subsurface characterization from shallow seismic data. The book includes problem sets and a case-study, for which seismic and well-log data, and Matlab codes are provided on a website (http://www.cambridge.org/9780521816014). These resources will allow readers to gain a hands-on understanding of the methodologies
Design, Development And Evaluation Of Aceclofenac Sustained Release Matrix Tablets (2011)

al. This is an open access paper distributed under the copyright agreement with Serials Publication, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Selenium, systemic immune response syndrome, sepsis, and outcome in critically ill patients (1998)

In severely ill ICU patients with SIRS, we observed an early 40% decrease in plasma selenium concentrations, reaching values observed in deleterious nutritional selenium deficiency. This prolonged decrease in selenium concentrations could explain the three-fold increase in morbidity and mortality rates in these patients compared with other ICU patients. The efficacy of selenium treatment in SIRS patients with a high gravity index score or hypoperfusion needs further investigation.
Beyond average: potential for measurement of short telomeres (2012)

The length of telomeres, and in particular the abundance of short telomeres, has been proposed as a biomarker of aging and of general health status. A wide variety of studies show the association of short telomeres with age related pathologies and cancer, as well as with lifespan and mortality. These facts highlight the importance of measuring telomere length in human populations and by using reliable methods to uncover the association between telomere length and human disease. This review discusses the advantages and drawbacks of current telomere length measurement methods. Most of these methods provide mean telomere length values per cell or per sample and very few of them are able to measure the abundance of short telomeres, which are the ones indicative of telomere dysfunction. The information provided by each method and their suitability for different studies is discussed here.
Parenteral hydralazine revisited (1998)

Historical aspects of the development and application of the vasodilator hydralazine are reviewed. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and mechanism of action are discussed, with emphasis on the parenteral use of this drug. It is reiterated that parenteral hydralazine is the preferred drug for the treatment of severe preeclampsia, but its usefulness in other forms of accelerated hypertension is also addressed. Through comparisons with other established antihypertensive agents, the efficacy and pharmacoeconomic potential of hydralazine are stressed.
Expression and subcellular targeting of a soybean oleosin in transgenic rapeseed. Implications for the mechanism of oil‐body formation in seeds (1997)

Two genomic clones, encoding isoforms A and B of the 24 kDa soybean oleosin and containing 5 kbp and 1 kbp, respectively, of promoter sequence, were inserted separately into rapeseed plants. T2 seeds from five independent transgenic lines, three expressing isoform A and two expressing isoform B, each containing one or two copies of the transgene, were analysed in detail. In all five lines, the soybean transgenes exhibited the same patterns of mRNA and protein accumulation as the resident rapeseed oleosins, i.e. their expression was absolutely seed-specific and peaked at the mid-late stages of cotyledon development. The 24 kDa soybean oleosin was targeted to and stably integrated into oil bodies, despite the absence of a soybean partner isoform. The soybean protein accumulated in young embryos mainly as a 23 kDa polypeptide, whereas a 24 kDa protein predominated later in development. The ratio of rapeseed:soybean oleosin in the transgenic plants was about 5:1 to 6:1, as determined by SDS-PAGE and densitometry. Accumulation of these relatively high levels of soybean oleosin protein did not affect the amount of endogenous rapeseed oleosin. Immunoblotting studies showed that about 95% of the recombinant soybean 24 kDa oleosin (and the endogenous 19 kDa rapeseed oleosin) was targeted to oil bodies, with the remainder associated with the microsomal fraction. Sucrose density-gradient centrifugation showed that the oleosins were associated with a membrane fraction of buoyant density 1.10-1.14 g ml-1, which partially overlapped with several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers. Unlike oleosins associated with oil bodies, none of the membrane-associated oleosins could be immunoprecipitated in the presence of protein A-Sepharose, indicating a possible conformational difference between the two pools of oleosin. Complementary electron microscopy-immunocytochemical studies of transgenic rapeseed revealed that all oil bodies examined could be labelled with both the soybean or rapeseed anti-oleosin antibodies, indicating that each oil body contained a mixed population of soybean and rapeseed oleosins. A small but significant proportion of both soybean and rapeseed oleosins was located on ER membranes in the vicinity of oil bodies, but none were detected on the bulk ER cisternae. This is the first report of apparent targeting of oleosins via ER to oil bodies in vivo and of possible associated conformational/processing changes in the protein. Although oil-body formation per se can occur independently of oleosins, it is proposed that the relative net amounts of oleosin and oil accumulated during the course of seed development are a major determinant of oil-body size in desiccation-tolerant seeds.
Carboxypeptidase E Activity Is Deficient in Mice with the fat Mutation (1996)

Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is involved in the biosynthesis of many peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. Mice with the fat mutation have previously been found to have a point mutation in the cpe gene, and to have greatly reduced levels of CPE-like enzyme activity in the pituitary and pancreatic islets (Naggert, J. K., Fricker, L. D., Varlamov, O., Nishina, P. M., Rouille, Y., Steiner, D. F., Carroll, R. J., Paigen, B. J., and Leiter, E. H. (1995) Nat. Genet. 10, 135-142). In the present report, we examined CPE-like activity and peptide processing in several tissues of C57BLKS/LtJ-Cpefat/Cpefat mutant (Cpefat/Cpefat) mice. Whereas CPE-like activity is detected in homogenates of Cpefat/Cpefat mouse tissues, the majority of this activity is not due to CPE based on the sensitivity to p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate. In addition, the Cpefat/Cpefat activity does not bind to a substrate affinity column under conditions that bind CPE. Furthermore, the enzyme activity and immunoreactive properties of the activity purified from Cpefat/Cpefat brain are distinct from those of CPE. Taken together, these data suggest that CPE is completely inactive in the Cpefat/Cpefat mice, and that all of the CPE-like activity is due to other carboxypeptidases such as carboxypeptidase D. Levels of Leu-enkephalin in Cpefat/Cpefat mouse brain are approximately 5-fold lower than those in control brain. Treatment of the Cpefat/Cpefat brain extract with carboxypeptidase B restores the level of Leu-enkephalin to the level in control brain. Interestingly, the large molecular weight enkephalin-containing peptides are elevated 2-3-fold in Cpefat/Cpefat mouse brain. These data indicate that CPE plays an important role in the processing of peptide hormones in various tissues, but that other carboxypeptidases also contribute to peptide processing. Furthermore, the increase in levels of high molecular weight enkephalin peptides in the Cpefat/Cpefat mouse suggests that CPE is required for efficient peptide processing by the endopeptidases.
SITE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2 GENE TO INCREASE THE STABILITY OF THE GENE PRODUCT- A BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH (2009)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an immunoregulatory cytokine whose biological effects are mediated through interaction with specific receptors on the surface of target cells. Due to its presumed role in generating a normal immune response, IL-2 is being evaluated for the treatment of a variety of tumors, in addition to infectious diseases. Main drawback of human IL-2 is that the molecule is relatively unstable. Therefore, with the objective of increasing the stability of the molecule, site directed mutagenesis of human IL-2 gene was carried out. Early studies indicated that mutations at three Cysteine residues (58, 105, 125) which are in the active sites of human IL-2 resulted in the reduced stability as well as the biological activity of the molecule. Therefore, mutations were carried out at the positions of amino acid other than the receptor binding sites at 111Valine to Arginine, 117Lysine to Glutamine and 133 Threonine to Asparagine of the human sequence by comparing it with the bovine sequence which has higher stability than the human counterpart, using SWISS PDB tool. To understand the biological activity of the mutated IL-2, energy minimization studies were carried out using SWISS-PDB. Docking studies were performed to check the reliability of the results using HEX DOCK, ARGUS LAB and PATCH DOCK between the IL-2 receptor and its mutated Ligand. These docking results also confirmed that the reliability of these mutated IL-2 gene. Stability, half life and ADME characteristics of these mutants can be studied in a detailed manner in the in vivo studies.
Versatile surface tension and adhesion for SPH fluids (2013)

Realistic handling of fluid-air and fluid-solid interfaces in SPH is a challenging problem. The main reason is that some important physical phenomena such as surface tension and adhesion emerge as a result of inter-molecular forces in a microscopic scale. This is different from scalar fields such as fluid pressure, which can be plausibly evaluated on a macroscopic scale using particles. Although there exist techniques to address this problem for some specific simulation scenarios, there does not yet exist a general approach to reproduce the variety of effects that emerge in reality from fluid-air and fluid-solid interactions. In order to address this problem, we present a new surface tension force and a new adhesion force. Different from the existing work, our surface tension force can handle large surface tensions in a realistic way. This property lets our approach handle challenging real scenarios, such as water crown formation, various types of fluid-solid interactions, and even droplet simulations. Furthermore, it prevents particle clustering at the free surface where inter-particle pressure forces are incorrect. Our adhesion force allows plausible two-way attraction of fluids and solids and can be used to model different wetting conditions. By using our forces, modeling surface tension and adhesion effects do not require involved techniques such as generating a ghost air phase or surface tracking. The forces are applied to the neighboring fluid-fluid and fluid-boundary particle pairs in a symmetric way, which satisfies momentum conservation. We demonstrate that combining both forces allows simulating a variety of interesting effects in a plausible way.
Serum cytokine profiles in patients with adult onset Still's disease. (2003)

Overproduction of IL-18 may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism of AOSD, and serum sIL-2R levels may be used as a marker for monitoring disease activity in AOSD.
Visual Programming Environments: Applications and Issues (1990)

A tutorial in the form of reprints and original contributions arranged in ten sections on iconic interfaces; systems for visualization support; the evolution of BALSA; designing icons; designing successful visual systems; using graphics and text; visual environments and the physically handicapped; f
Unusual interaction of iron-bleomycin with cyanide (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual interaction of iron-bleomycin with cyanideYukio Sugiura, Satoshi Ogawa, and Isao MorishimaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 27, 7944–7945Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00547a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00547a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts