gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CpG‐containing oligodeoxynucleotide promotes microglial cell uptake of amyloid β 1–42 peptide by up‐regulating the expression of the G‐protein‐coupled receptor mFPR2 (2005)

Human G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor like 1 (FPRL1) and its mouse homologue murine formyl peptide receptor 2 (mFPR2) mediate the chemotactic activity of amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta42), a key pathogenic peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since mFPR2 is up-regulated in mouse microglia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, we investigated the capacity of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 ligand, to regulate the expression of mFPR2 in mouse microglia. CpG ODN markedly enhanced the expression and function of mFPR2 in microglial cells, which exhibited increased chemotactic responses to mFPR2 agonists, including Abeta42. The effect of CpG ODN is dependent on activation of p38 MAPK. Further studies showed that CpG ODN-treated microglia increased their capacity to endocytose Abeta42 through mFPR2, as this process was abrogated by pertussis toxin, a Gi protein inhibitor, and W peptide, another potent mFPR2 agonist. Our results suggest that TLR9 may play an important role in promoting microglial recognition of Abeta42, thus affecting the pathogenic process of AD.
Effect of the novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent N-methoxy-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-one on in vitro generation of some inflammatory mediators. (1987)

A newly synthesized compound, the non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent N-methoxy-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-o ne (E-5110) was investigated. E-5110 inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation by cultured rat synovial cells upon stimulation with interleukin-1-like factor of rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). The IC50 values (mumol/l) for PGE2 generation were 0.026 for E-5110, 0.008 for indometacin, 0.112 for piroxicam and 0.667 for the compound B (3-amino-1-(M-trifluoromethyl-phenyl-2-pyrazoline). Calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated leukotriene B4 generation by human PMN was inhibited by E-5110 with an IC50 value of 0.20 mumol/l; E-5110 was as inhibitory as nordihydroguaiaretic acid and was more potent than the compound B (IC50 of 2.58 mumol/l). E-5110 suppressed superoxide generation by human PMN stimulated with opsonized zymosan, f-Met-Leu-Phe and phorbol myristate acetate. E-5110 also inhibited the generation of leucocytic pyrogen and leucocyte factor(s) which stimulated collagenase production by cultured synovial cells.
Propranolol as a novel, effective spermicide: preliminary findings. (1983)

The efficacy and tolerability of 80 mg propranolol tablets as a vaginal contraceptive were studied in 198 fertile women for 11 months. The calculated one year life table pregnancy rate was 3.4/100 women and the Pearl index was 3.9/100 women years. No major adverse effects were encountered. The findings suggested that propranolol is an effective vaginal contraceptive whose failure rate compares favourably with that of other methods of contraception. Further study of propranolol and similar compounds is warranted.
NetMHCpan: MHC class I binding prediction beyond HLA-A and -B (2008)

Udgivelsesdato: 2008/9
Why You Take "Those Awful Sciences" (1934)

If only we didn't have to take that awful chemistry or physics or zoology or some other course. It's the wail of the campus.
<title>Digital watermarking on EBCOT compressed images</title> (1999)

In this research, we propose an approach to combine the image compression and the image watermarking schemes in an effective way. The image coding scheme under our consideration is EBCOT (Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation) which is the basis of JPEG2000 VM (Verification Model). The watermark is embedded when the compressed bit-stream is formed, and can be detected on the fly during image decompression. With the proposed integrated method, watermark embedding and retrieval processes can be done very efficiently compared with existing watermarking schemes. The embedded watermark is robust against various signal processing attacks including compression and filtering while the resulting watermarked image maintains good perceptual quality. Furthermore, the watermark can be detected progressively and ROI (Region of Interest)-based watermarking can be easily accomplished.
Influence of tip clearance on heat transfer efficiency in staggered micro-cylinders-group (2012)

De-ionized water,used as working fluid,flows through a staggered micro-cylinders-group,which is made up of micro-cylinders with hydraulic diameter of 500 μm and height of 500 μm,and an experimental study is performed on the influence of tip clearance on heat transfer efficiency in the staggered micro-cylinders-group.Using an electricity heater,the flow rate and the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of micro-cylinders-group are measured and the friction factor and Nusselt numbers can be obtained over Reynolds numbers ranging from 8 to 400.The relationship between heat transfer efficiency and Reynolds number is grasped.The experimental results indicate that the tip clearance has a little influence on flow resistance and Nusselt number at low Reynolds number and these influences become apparent with the increase of Reynolds number.The heat transfer efficiency of micro-cylinders-group heat sink increases rapidly with Reynolds number for a start,and it increases slowly with the increase of Reynolds number,even begins to drop with the further increase of Reynolds number.However,the existence of the tip clearance promotes heat transfer efficiency in the micro-cylinders-group heat sink,though it reduces Nusselt number based on the experimental results.
Same App, Different App Stores: A Comparative Study (2017)

To attract more users, implementing the same mobile app for different platforms has become a common industry practice. App stores provide a unique channel for users to share feedback on the acquired apps through ratings and textual reviews. However, each mobile platform has its own online store for distributing apps to users. To understand the characteristics of and discrepancies in how users perceive the same app implemented for and distributed through different platforms, we present a large-scale comparative study of cross-platform apps. We mine the characteristics of 80,000 app-pairs (160K apps in total) from a corpus of 2.4 million apps collected from the Apple and Google Play app stores. We quantitatively compare their app-store attributes, such as stars, versions, and prices. We measure the aggregated user-perceived ratings and find many discrepancies across the platforms. Further, we employ machine learning to classify 1.7 million textual user reviews obtained from 2,000 of the mined app-pairs. We analyze discrepancies and root causes of user complaints to understand cross-platform development challenges that impact cross-platform user-perceived ratings. We also follow up with the developers to understand the reasons behind identified discrepancies.
A routing scheme for hierarchically structured LAN/WAN networks (2003)

The authors propose a routing scheme for multiorganizational networks structured hierarchically in a two-level LAN/WAN (local-area network/wide-area network) configuration. The targeted networks, besides being hierarchical, are small in size than the public internets. These two characteristics play a key role in identifying suitable routing mechanisms. The authors propose a simple area routing algorithm for the two-level LAN/WAN network. Its main features consist of a decentralized interarea routing algorithm, with centralized routing functions within areas for interarea routing only. The routing mechanism does not interfere with the operation of the local subnets. The operation of the routing centers is fairly simple and can easily be duplicated in all the gateway nodes for reliability. The gateway routing protocol is based on source routing and is very simple to implement, consisting of only a mapping function. It involves very little processing overhead at the transit gateways.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of an integrated project-level pavement management model using risk analysis (2000)

Historically, federal highway funding focused on the construction of new pavements and the upgrading of existing pavements. Today, much of the infrastructure is in place. Therefore, the focus of federal funding is shifting toward pavement maintenance and preservation. With this is mind, highway agencies are directing attention toward pavement preservation strategies that yield the greatest value from existing pavements.;Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a decision-making tool that highway agencies may use in selecting an optimal pavement preservation strategy. Traditionally, LCCA models for pavement management use discrete input values that represent a conservative "best guess" of each parameter. Thus, inherent uncertainty associated with each input parameter is not considered. There are situations, however, when this uncertainty may significantly influence the decision-making process.;The model developed for this research is a probabilistic model that derives flexible pavement designs, generates preservation strategies, and evaluates the life-cycle costs of each alternative. Risk analysis is incorporated into the LCCA model so that the inherent uncertainty of each input parameter is considered. Other features of the model include the incorporation of functional aspects (structural capacity and pavement condition) and safety (skid resistance) into the design, the inclusion of rehabilitation and preventive maintenance as preservation strategy alternatives, and the consideration of both agency and user cost in the present worth cost analysis.;The LCCA model output consists of probability distributions that describe the total present worth cost, the agency present worth cost, and the user present worth cost for each preservation strategy over a specified analysis period. The probabilistic nature of this LCCA model exposes areas of uncertainty that may be hidden in a deterministic LCCA model, and allows the decision-maker to assess the risk associated with each preservation strategy based on the probability of various costs that may be incurred.;Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effects of various input parameters on model output. The highway agency can enhance the model output by focusing more detailed data collection and parameter estimation on the model components that were identified as having a statistically significant effect on the model results.
Research on Code Division Multiple Access Based on Chirp Multi-Carrier (2018)

Underwater acoustic (UWA) channels are characterized by narrow-band, time-varying, and strong multipath interference. At the same time, Doppler effect also has a significant impact in UWA communications due to low sound speed in water. Therefore, traditional wireless multiple access technology cannot be used directly underwater. However, by combining some existing technologies in underwater communications, the traditional multiple access method can be improved to enable underwater multiple access. In this paper, we introduced chirp signals as carriers, which is widely used in UWA communications. Combined with code division multiple access (CDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) techniques, a multi-carrier chirp signal based CDMA method is proposed, which improves the reliability and spectrum efficiency of underwater multiple access. The simulation results show that the proposed method has good Bit error rate (BER) performance. Further, the method is also able to achieve good BER performance under the influence of Doppler effect because chirp signals is capable of resisting Doppler effects.
Beneficial effects of combined colestipol-niacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts (1987)

The Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) was a randomized, placebo-controlled, angiographic trial testing combined colestipol hydrochloride and niacin therapy in 162 nonsmoking men aged 40 to 59 years with previous coronary bypass surgery. During two years of treatment there was a 26% reduction in total plasma cholesterol, a 43% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plus a simultaneous 37% elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This resulted in a significant reduction in the average number of lesions per subject that progressed (<i>P</i><.03) and the percentage of subjects with new atheroma formation (<i>P</i><.03) in native coronary arteries. Also, the percentage of subjects with new lesions (<i>P</i><.04) or any adverse change in bypass grafts (<i>P</i><.03) was significantly reduced. Deterioration in overall coronary status was significantly less in drug-treated subjects than placebo-treated subjects (<i>P</i><.001). Atherosclerosis regression, as indicated by perceptible improvement in overall coronary status, occurred in 16.2% of colestipol-niacin treated vs 2.4% placebo treated (<i>P</i>=.002). (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:3233-3240)
Preparation of Native Chromatin and Damage Caused by Shearing (1975)

Chromatin prepared by a method involving limited nuclease digestion contains the same repeating structure as chromatin in the nucleus, whereas chromatin prepared by conventional methods involving shear does not.
An innovative nasal continuous positive airway pressure assembly (2013)

Continuous positive airway pressure is required by patients of obstructive sleep apnea to prevent any obstruction of airways. This requires CPAP machines which are costly, have electrical dependence and are not readily available. The nasal CPAP assembly devised by us overcomes most of these limitations and can be made from easily available materials.
Micro heat pipes - a promising means of thermal solution for desktop computers (2008)

Heat transfer performance of parallel micro heat pipes (MHPs) used for the cooling of desktop computer processor has been investigated in this paper. MHPs consists of six single tube micro heat pipes connected by a copper block at the evaporator section and fifteen parallel copper sheets used as external fins at the condenser section. Ethanol was used as working fluid. The copper block is placed above the heat source (on the top of the processor) and the condenser section is provided with external fins perpendicular to the MHPs. Heat transfer characteristics of MHPs are determined experimentally, based on the principle of phase change of the working fluid. The experimental results show that, the maximum and steady state temperature of the processor has been reduced significantly by using micro heat pipes instead of the cooling fan. Addition of fan at the condenser section of MHPs gives much low and steady state temperature of the processor.
Chlorin–Bacteriochlorin Energy‐transfer Dyads as Prototypes for Near‐infrared Molecular Imaging Probes: Controlling Charge‐transfer and Fluorescence Properties in Polar Media (2009)

The photophysical properties of two energy-transfer dyads that are potential candidates for near-infrared (NIR) imaging probes are investigated as a function of solvent polarity. The dyads (FbC-FbB and ZnC-FbB) contain either a free base (Fb) or zinc (Zn) chlorin (C) as the energy donor and a free base bacteriochlorin (B) as the energy acceptor. The dyads were studied in toluene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, acetone, acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). In both dyads, energy transfer from the chlorin to bacteriochlorin occurs with a rate constant of approximately (5-10 ps)(-1) and a yield of >99% in nonpolar and polar media. In toluene, the fluorescence yields (Phif=0.19) and singlet excited-state lifetimes (tau approximately 5.5 ns) are comparable to those of the benchmark bacteriochlorin. The fluorescence yield and excited-state lifetime decrease as the solvent polarity increases, with quenching by intramolecular electron (or hole) transfer being greater for FbC-FbB than for ZnC-FbB in a given solvent. For example, the Phif and tau values for FbC-FbB in acetone are 0.055 and 1.5 ns and in DMSO are 0.019 and 0.28 ns, whereas those for ZnC-FbB in acetone are 0.12 and 4.5 ns and in DMSO are 0.072 and 2.4 ns. The difference in fluorescence properties of the two dyads in a given polar solvent is due to the relative energies of the lowest energy charge-transfer states, as assessed by ground-state redox potentials and supported by molecular-orbital energies derived from density functional theory calculations. Controlling the extent of excited-state quenching in polar media will allow the favorable photophysical properties of the chlorin-bacteriochlorin dyads to be exploited in vivo. These properties include very large Stokes shifts (85 nm for FbC-FbB, 110 nm for ZnC-FbB) between the red-region absorption of the chlorin and the NIR fluorescence of the bacteriochlorin (lambdaf=760 nm), long bacteriochlorin excited-state lifetime (approximately 5.5 ns), and narrow (<or=20 nm) absorption and fluorescence bands. The latter will facilitate selective excitation/detection and multiprobe applications using both intensity- and lifetime-imaging techniques.
Quantitative Analysis of Cellulose in Tobacco by <sup>13</sup>C CPMAS NMR (1998)

A method utilizing 13C CPMAS NMR was developed for the quantitative determination of cellulose in tobacco. The method was employed to measure cellulose in hot water extracted laminae and stems from bright and burley tobacco. A reference spectrum of tobacco cellulose was subtracted from the spectrum of each sample to obtain a sub-spectrum of the noncellulose components. This background spectrum was subtracted in turn from the original spectrum to give an appropriately scaled sub-spectrum of the cellulose alone. A calibration curve was constructed from the integrals of the C-1 resonance of a set of standard cellulose samples. The integrals were measured relative to an intensity standard contained in a ceramic cell inside the MAS sample rotor. The weight percentage of cellulose in each tobacco residue was then determined by comparison of the integral of the cellulose C-1 resonance in its cellulose sub-spectrum to the calibration curve. Keywords: Tobacco; 13C CPMAS NMR; plants; cellulose
Surfactant-assisted exfoliation and processing of graphite and graphene (2013)

Surfactant assisted solution exfoliation of expanded graphite by means of sonication was carried out in an attempt to produce non-covalent charge functionality on the surface of graphene for the directed self assembly of graphene films on patterned substrates via electrostatic interactions. This thesis includes the results of experimental research associated with: 1) quantifying the effectiveness of various di-functionalized dithienothiophene surfactant small molecules, 2) further understanding the surface affinity and interaction mechanism between these surfactant molecules and the surface of expanded graphite and graphene and 3) experimentally testing the feasibility of the directed self-assembly of graphene films by means of charge functionalization of graphene by the surfactant molecules adsorbed onto the surface of exfoliated graphene.
Macrophage activation to kill <i>Leishmania tropica</i>: characterization of a T cell-derived factor that suppresses lymphokine-induced intracellular destruction of amastigotes. (1984)

Factors obtained from phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated EL-4 thymoma cells, a continuous T cell line, suppressed lymphokine-induced macrophage activation to kill intracellular Leishmania tropica amastigotes. Suppression of this macrophage effector activity was dependent upon concentration of EL-4 fluids admixed with lymphokines in infected macrophage cultures, and was not due to residual PMA or factors released from unstimulated EL-4 cells. Fluids from PMA-stimulated EL-4 cells did not affect the expression of microbicidal activity by macrophages activated in vivo as a consequence of infections with Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG, nor did they abrogate intracellular killing activities by C3H/HeJ macrophages primed by BCG infection and triggered by lymphokines in vitro. That the action of this EL-4 suppressor activity was at the priming stage of macrophage activation was confirmed by kinetic studies: EL-4 fluids added to lymphokine-treated cells in the first 4 hr of treatment completely suppressed intracellular killing of L. tropica; fluids added after 4 hr were not effective. The effects of these EL-4 factors appeared to be selective: of three effector activities of activated macrophages tested, induction of resistance to infection, tumor cytotoxicity, and intracellular destruction of L. tropica, only intracellular killing by lymphokine-treated macrophages was significantly suppressed. These T cell-derived soluble suppressor factor(s) may provide insight into mechanisms of immunosuppression during leishmanial disease and perhaps other intracellular parasitic infections.
Synthesis and Stability of a 2′‐<i>O</i>‐[<i>N</i>‐(Aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyladenosine‐Containing Dinucleotide (2013)

Abstract Working towards the synthesis of 2′‐ O ‐[ N ‐(aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyl‐modified di‐ and oligonucleotides, we have synthesised a protected 2′‐ O ‐[ N ‐(aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyl‐modified adenosine where the modification is introduced in a convenient one‐pot three‐step procedure. The corresponding H‐phosphonate building block was also synthesised, and from this intermediate, a 2′‐ O ‐[ N ‐(aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyl‐containing dinucleotide could be made. We also performed studies on the chemical and enzymatic stability of this dinucleotide. The dinucleotide was subjected to different ammonolysis and other basic conditions, and HPLC analysis showed that the modification was intact to most conditions, but that there was some minor hydrolysis when NH 3 (concd. aq . ) was used at 55 °C. Under several other sets of conditions, including saturated NH 3 in methanol, and ethylenediamine, the amide remained intact. Treatment of the dinucleotide with Phosphodiesterase I from Crotalus adamanteus venom and Phosphodiesterase II from bovine spleen showed that the N ‐(aminoethyl)carbamoylmethyl moiety gives the phosphodiester linkage substantial protection against enzymatic degradation; the phosphodiester was not degraded by PDE II at all after seven days.
Unifonn acquisition for high-throughput DNA sequencing (2004)

The demand for higher throughput and lower cost DNA sequencing did not dissipate with the successful completion of the first human genome but, instead, is actually accelerating in a period of functional genomics. We have developed a high-throughput DNA sequencing instrument utilizing MEMS technology to sequence DNA samples in 384 separate channels in parallel. The performance of the system relies on the quality and uniformity of the data acquisition system. In this work we describe the different constraints of the system and our solution that balances the conflicting requirements of a high data throughput, low noise and uniform performance across all channels.
Evaluation of fluorescence polarization of human blood lymphocytes (SCM test) in the diagnosis of cancer (1980)

Fluorescence polarization was performed on 82 individuals: 32 patients with malignant diseases, 30 apparently healthy individuals, and 20 patients with nonmalignant diseases. The blood lymphocytes from these cases were isolated and challenged with cancer basic protein (CaBP). Stimulation occurred in the majority of the cases of malignant disease (27 of 32). The 30 apparently healthy individuals showed no response to CaBP. Of the 20 with nonmalignant diseases, 18 showed no stimulation by the antigen.