gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutant of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Deficient for Detergent-Resistant Phospholipase A (1972)

A mutant deficient for detergent-resistant (DR) phospholipase A was isolated from Escherichia coli K-12. Because the enzyme is membrane-bound and the substrate is a lipid, a special procedure was developed for isolating mutants deficient for the enzyme from agar plates. A sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-sensitive mutant was used as a parental strain for the isolation of DR phospholipase A-deficient mutant. Soft agar containing an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph and SDS was poured over colonies of the parental strain. The cells were easily solubilized with SDS, and phospholipids were efficiently digested by DR phospholipase A from the colonies on an agar plate. Fatty acids released supported the growth of the indicator bacteria. After the cells of the parent were mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine, colonies which could not support the growth of an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph in the presence of SDS were selected. Four mutants were isolated after in vitro scre[UNK]ning of DR phospholipase A activity of 30 halo-less clones. Since an extract of the parent strain mixed with that of a mutant strain was still active, it was concluded that the inability to hydrolyze phospholipids was not due to the accumulation of inhibitory substance; the activity of DR phospholipase A in the mutant was less than 1% of the parental activity. Physiological studies indicated that DR phospholipase A is not essential for the growth of E. coli.
Analysis of LDD transistor asymmetry susceptibility in VLSI circuits (1985)

This paper describes problems due to asymmetry of source and drain impurity profile caused by the shadowing of ion beams by gate electrodes. This asymmetry degrades the sensitivity of sense amplifiers especially when Lightly-Doped-Drain/Source (LDD) transistors are adopted. This effect is a serious obstacle to realize ultra high density DRAM's. In order to reduce this effect, a sensing circuit suppressing the asymmetry effect is proposed and its sensitivity improvement is evaluated.
Therapies in preclinical and clinical development for Angelman syndrome (2021)

<b>Introduction</b>: Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by deficiency or abnormal function of the maternal ubiquitin protein-ligase E3A, known as UBE3A, in the central nervous system. There is no disease-modifying treatment available, but the therapeutic pipeline of Angelman syndrome includes at least 15 different approaches at preclinical or clinical development. In the coming years, several clinical trials will be enrolling patients, which prompted this comprehensive review.<b>Areas covered</b>: We summarize and critically review the different therapeutic approaches. Some approaches attempt to restore the missing or nonfunctional UBE3A protein in the neurons via gene replacement or enzyme replacement therapies. Other therapies aim to induce expression of the normal paternal copy of the <i>UBE3A</i> gene by targeting a long non-coding RNA, the <i>UBE3A-ATS</i>, which interferes with its own expression. Another therapeutic category includes compounds that target molecular pathways and effector proteins known to be involved in Angelman syndrome pathophysiology.<b>Expert opinion</b>: We believe that by 2022-2023, more than five disease-modifying treatments will be simultaneously at clinical testing. However, the are several challenges with regards to safety and efficacy, which need to be addressed. Additionally, there is still a significant unmet need for clinical trial readiness.
Modulated Backscatter for Low-Power High-Bandwidth Communication (2013)

<p>This thesis re-examines the physical layer of a communication link in order to increase the energy efficiency of a remote device or sensor. Backscatter modulation allows a remote device to wirelessly telemeter information without operating a traditional transceiver. Instead, a backscatter device leverages a carrier transmitted by an access point or base station.</p><p>A low-power multi-state vector backscatter modulation technique is presented where quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signalling is generated without running a traditional transceiver. Backscatter QAM allows for significant power savings compared to traditional wireless communication schemes. For example, a device presented in this thesis that implements 16-QAM backscatter modulation is capable of streaming data at 96 Mbps with a radio communication efficiency of 15.5 pJ/bit. This is over 100x lower energy per bit than WiFi (IEEE 802.11).</p><p>This work could lead to a new class of high-bandwidth sensors or implantables with power consumption far lower than traditional radios.</p>
Useful metrics for modular robot motion planning (1997)

In this paper the problem of dynamic self-reconfiguration of a class of modular robotic systems referred to as metamorphic systems is examined. A metamorphic robotic system is a collection of mechatronic modules, each of which has the ability to connect, disconnect, and climb over adjacent modules. We examine the near-optimal reconfiguration of a metamorphic robot from an arbitrary initial configuration to a desired final configuration. Concepts of distance between metamorphic robot configurations are defined, and shown to satisfy the formal properties of a metric. These metrics, called configuration metrics, are then applied to the automatic self-reconfiguration of metamorphic systems in the case when one module is allowed to move at a time. There is no simple method for computing the optimal sequence of moves required to reconfigure. As a result, heuristics which can give a near optimal solution must be used. We use the technique of simulated annealing to drive the reconfiguration process with configuration metrics as cost functions. The relative performance of simulated annealing with different cost functions is compared and the usefulness of the metrics developed in this paper is demonstrated.
An assessment of cogswell's method for measurement of extensional viscosity (1991)

Abstract Cogswell's method for measurement of extensional viscosity by determining the entry pressure loss in capillary viscometry is critically examined. Comparisons are made between extensional viscosity values introduced in finite element calculations as input data and predictions based on the calculated entry pressure losses for polymer melts. The calculated pressure losses are in good agreement with experimental data by Laun and Schuch. An equation proposed by Cogswell and another by Binding are used in the extensional viscosity comparisons. The slope of the extensional viscosity versus stretch rate is predicted rather well, but the calculations can shift the results above or below the true values.
On mobile positioning via Cellular Synchronization Assisted Refinement (CeSAR) in LTE and GSM networks (2015)

Inferring user equipment (UE) location in cellular networks via uplink timing management presents attractive possibilities in an increasingly mobile-connected world. Power constrained mobile devices with ever more common applications that rely on location-based services demand an alternate solution to positioning than a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and its derivatives. In this paper we provide analysis of mobile positioning via timing advance (TA), an LTE parameter also accounted for in legacy network deployments. Specifically, we provide analysis for a TA-based method Cellular Synchronization Assisted Refinement (CeSAR). We demonstrate through analysis and simulation how CeSAR can increase accuracy in timing advance-based positioning by several hundreds of meters with no impact to radio link level traffic. CeSAR is shown to be robust to situations where unassisted TA-based positioning can provide poor positioning accuracy.
Interpretation of total wave-field data over Lost Hills Field, Kern County, California (1989)

Abstract Approximately 5 miles (8 km) of total wave-field data were acquired by Production Geophysical Services (then Kim Tech., Inc.), using the OMNIPULSE Multi-mode Shear-wave Generator source over the southern end of Lost Hills field, Kern County, California. The quality of the shear-wave sections was excellent. They represent a significant improvement over conventional P-wave sections from the area in that they provide better reflection continuity and imaging of the Lost Hills anticline. A multicomponent VSP, which was acquired close to the line, provided crucial P-wave to S-wave correlation, as well as fracture information. V p /V s ratios computed from interval times ranged from 2.79 to 1.63. An anomalously low V p /V s ratio of 1.65 in the zone of interest (Lower Reef Ridge to McDonald shale), confirmed by multicomponent VSP data, corresponds to the producing interval.Evidence of shear-wave splitting due to azimuthal anisotropy was observed, so the SV-wave and SH-wave data sets were rotated into principal-component axes of N45E for S1 and N45W for S2. The predominant fracture orientation changes from N45E at depth to N45W near the surface. This change in fracture orientation with depth was confirmed by multicomponent VSP data. Delay-time ratios (used as a measure of fracture intensity) ranged from a maximum of 11.71 percent to a minimum of -5.48 percent across the structure. These ratios are interpreted to show changes in fracture intensity and orientation across the structure. Delay-time ratios in the zone of interest were anomalously high (1.55-6.53 percent). Comparison of fracture intensity on the flanks of the structure with that on the crest indicates that the flanks have undergone greater deformation than the crest.The total wave-field data set and associated analyses have provided significant structural and stratigraphic information on the Miocene Monterey formation over the Lost Hills field, highlighting the productive interval.
Profile of changes in gene expression in cultured hippocampal neurones evoked by the GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor agonist baclofen (2005)

Metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(B)Rs) play a critical role in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. However, little is known about a possible long-term effect requiring transcriptional changes. Here, using microarray technology and RT-PCR of RNA from cultured rat embryonic hippocampal neurones, we report the profile of genes that are up- or downregulated by activation of GABA(B)Rs by baclofen but are not changed by baclofen in the presence of the GABA(B)R antagonist CGP-55845A. Our data show, for the first time, regulation of transcription of defined mRNAs after specific GABA(B) receptor activation. The identified genes can be grouped into those encoding signal transduction, endocytosis/trafficking, and structural classes of proteins. For example, butyrylcholinesterase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and COPS5 (Jab1) genes were upregulated, whereas Rab8 interacting protein and Rho GTPase-activating protein 4 were downregulated. These results provide important baseline genomic data for future studies aimed at investigating the long-term effects of GABA(B)R activation in neurones such as their roles in neuronal growth, pathway formation and stabilization, and synaptic plasticity.
A Decentralized Optimization Approach to Backhaul-Constrained Distributed Antenna Systems (2007)

It has been shown that multi-cell co-operations in cellular networks, enabling distributed antenna systems and joint signal processing across cell boundaries, can significantly increase system capacity and fairness. In recent work on this topic, we have proposed an optimization framework and algorithm that applies joint detection in the uplink or joint transmission in the downlink, respectively, to only a selected subset of users. This already yields a large extent of capacity and fairness improvements, while requiring only comparatively small backhaul capacity between co-operating base stations, which is usually the main issue connected to distributed antenna systems. In the following paper, we will introduce a novel concept of partitioning a cellular network and its resources into small subsystems, within which the optimization algorithm can be applied in a decentralized way. While each subsystem requires only very limited system knowledge, and joint detection and transmission is constrained to within subsystems, the performance improvements are still promising and approach those of a centralized optimization scheme in scenarios of strongly constrained backhaul.
Map‐ISODATA demarcates regional response to combination rt‐PA and 7E3 F(ab′)<sub>2</sub> treatment of embolic stroke in the rat (2005)

Map-ISODATA provides an accurate means to identify lesion area, to distinguish ischemic damage, and to detect treatment response. 7E3 F(ab')2 extends the rt-PA treatment window to at least four hours after the onset of embolic stroke of rat.
Dynamic hardware plugins in an FPGA with partial run-time reconfiguration (2002)

Tools and a design methodology have been developed to support partial run-time reconfiguration of FPGA logic on the Field Programmable Port Extender. High-speed Internet packet processing circuits on this platform are implemented as Dynamic Hardware Plugin (DHP) modules that fit within a specific region of an FPGA device. The PARBIT tool has been developed to transform and restructure bitfiles created by standard computer aided design tools into partial bitsteams that program DHPs. The methodology allows the platform to hot-swap application-specific DHP modules without disturbing the operation of the rest of the system.
Tensile Properties from Room Temperature to 673 K of Mg-0.9 mass%Ca Alloy Containing Lamella Mg<SUB>2</SUB>Ca (2002)

Tensile properties were investigated from room temperature to 673 K of a binary Mg–0.9 mass%Ca alloy where Mg2Ca phase was dispersed as lamella. The 0.2% proof stress significantly increased by the Mg2Ca phase in the temperature range investigated. It was suggested that strengthening by stable lamella Mg2Ca in the grains and limitation of deformation related to grain boundaries by Mg2Ca phase at grain boundaries contribute to improvement of high temperature strength for the Mg–Ca alloy.
High Performance and Stability of Double-Gate Hf–In–Zn–O Thin-Film Transistors Under Illumination (2010)

Hafnium indium zinc oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a double-gate structure were evaluated for the first time. Compared with devices with a single bottom gate, TFTs with an additional top gate exhibit improved subthreshold swing, threshold voltage, and field-effect mobility, as well as smaller subthreshold currents upon exposure to visible light. This phenomenon is attributed to the more effective suppression of excess photocurrents by the application of a double-gate structure. Negative-bias stress experiments under illumination indicate that the double-gate TFT exhibits very high stability compared with the device with a single-gate configuration.
Survival of zidovudine-treated patients with AIDS compared with that of contemporary untreated patients. Italian Zidovudine Evaluation Group (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the long-term effectiveness of zidovudine (AZT) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This assessment has never been adequately done because controlled clinical trials were stopped early and survival comparisons were made with historical controls. <h3>Design.</h3> —Nonrandomized contemporary observational study of patients treated and not treated with zidovudine. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Twenty-three AIDS treatment centers throughout Italy that reported cases to the National Registry of AIDS Cases between July 1987 and March 1988. <h3>Patients.</h3> —One hundred fifty-nine zidovudine-treated and 112 untreated patients with AIDS, the majority of whom had acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through intravenous drug use. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Median survival and 1- and 2-year survival for treated and untreated groups, as estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was also used to identify independent predictors of survival among the variables studied. <h3>Results.</h3> —Patients were similar with respect to CD4/CD8 ratio, age, sex, clinical and immunological status at diagnosis, and source of HIV infection. After 24 months, survival was 45.9% (95% confidence interval [Cl], 36.1% to 55.7%) in the treated group and 20.5% (95% Cl, 12.6% to 28.3%) in the untreated group, with median survival of 21.2 and 9.6 months, respectively. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Possible biases of this study include imperfect matching for clinical status and better overall medical care of treated patients. Nevertheless, we believe that the observed differences in survival were primarily due to zidovudine treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1232-1236)
The Dynamics of Bargaining Games (1991)

The reader may learn by participating in a wide variety of bargaining interactions, ranging from co-operative to competitive two-person bargaining to large group negotiations, and equal to unequal power positions.
Compact Modeling and Analysis of Through-Si-Via-Induced Electrical Noise Coupling in Three-Dimensional ICs (2011)

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) in 3-D integrated circuits (ICs), which are used for connecting different active layers, introduce an important source of coupling noise arising from electrical coupling between TSVs and the active regions. This paper, for the first time, presents compact models based on a fully analytical approach for the electrical coupling from a TSV to the active regions for a comprehensive set of 3-D IC substrate technologies including those with and without the high-conductivity buried layer in dual-well bulk CMOS technology in the presence of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SS</sub> rails. The models can be used during design validation of emerging 3-D ICs. The compact physical models are verified against full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. A comparative analysis of the magnitude of the EM coupling noise for different 3-D technology scenarios, including both dual-well bulk CMOS and partially depleted silicon-on-insulator, is also presented. The compact models presented for dual-well bulk CMOS are subsequently employed for estimating the stay-away radius (safe distance) from the center of the TSVs to the active regions to minimize the impact of such coupling noise. In order to highlight the significance of the TSV to active-region EM coupling noise, a comparison is also made with the white noise in the active region and the flicker noise from the interface between the TSV oxide and silicon.
Differential Expression of CD45 Isoforms Is Controlled by the Combined Activity of Basal and Inducible Splicing-regulatory Elements in Each of the Variable Exons (2005)

The human CD45 gene encodes five isoforms of a transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase that differ in their extracellular domains as a result of alternative splicing of exons 4-6. Expression of the CD45 isoforms is tightly regulated in peripheral T cells such that resting cells predominantly express the larger CD45 isoforms, encoded by mRNAs containing two or three variable exons. In contrast, activated T cells express CD45 isoforms encoded by mRNAs lacking most or all of the variable exons. We have previously identified the sequences within CD45 variable exon 4 that control its level of inclusion into spliced mRNAs. Here we map the splicingregulatory sequences within CD45 variable exons 5 and 6. We show that, like exon 4, exons 5 and 6 each contain an exonic splicing silencer (ESS) and an exonic splicing enhancer (ESE), which together determine the level of exon inclusion in naïve cells. We further demonstrate that the primary activation-responsive silencing motif in exons 5 and 6 is homologous to that in exon 4 and, as in exon 4, binds specifically to the protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L. Together these studies reveal common themes in the regulation of the CD45 variable exons and provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed physiological expression of CD45 isoforms.
History and strategy (1992)

Journal Article History and strategy Get access History and strategy. By Marc Trachtenberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1991. 292pp. Index. $44.50; ISBN 0 691 978881 5. Pb.: $14.95; ISBN 0 691 02343 3. Ian Clark Ian Clark 1Selwyn College, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 68, Issue 2, April 1992, Pages 336–337, https://doi.org/10.2307/2623244 Published: 01 April 1992
Transcription of human endogenous retroviral sequences realted to mouse mammary tumour virus in human breast and placenta: Similar pattern in most malignant and non-malignant breast tissues (1997)

Transcription of human endogenous retroviral sequences realted to mouse mammary tumour virus in human breast and placenta: Similar pattern in most malignant and non-malignant breast tissues
PAC-Bayesian learning of linear classifiers (2009)

We present a general PAC-Bayes theorem from which all known PAC-Bayes risk bounds are obtained as particular cases. We also propose different learning algorithms for finding linear classifiers that minimize these bounds. These learning algorithms are generally competitive with both AdaBoost and the SVM.
Environmental Engineers' Handbook (1997)

Environmental Laws and Regulations. Environmental Impact Assessment. Pollution Prevention in Chemical Manufacturing. Standards. Air Pollution. Noise Pollution. Wastewater Treatment. Removing Specific Water Contaminants. Groundwater and Surface Water Pollution. Solid Waste. Hazardous Waste.
Constrained codes for phase-change memories (2010)

Phase-change memories (PCMs) are an important emerging non-volatile memory technology that uses amorphous and crystalline cell states to store data. The cell states are switched using high temperatures. As the semi-stable states of PCM cells are sensitive to temperatures, scaling down cell sizes can bring significant challenges. We consider two potential thermal-based interference problems as the cell density approaches its limit, and study new constrained codes for them.
Effective Pneumothorax Detection for Chest X-Ray Images Using Local Binary Pattern and Support Vector Machine (2018)

Automatic image segmentation and feature analysis can assist doctors in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases more accurately. Automatic medical image segmentation is difficult due to the varying image quality among equipment. In this paper, the automatic method employed image multiscale intensity texture analysis and segmentation to solve this problem. In this paper, firstly, SVM is applied to identify common pneumothorax. Features are extracted from lung images with the LBP (local binary pattern). Then, classification of pneumothorax is determined by SVM. Secondly, the proposed automatic pneumothorax detection method is based on multiscale intensity texture segmentation by removing the background and noises in chest images for segmenting abnormal lung regions. The segmentation of abnormal regions is used for texture transformed from computing multiple overlapping blocks. The rib boundaries are identified with Sobel edge detection. Finally, in obtaining a complete disease region, the rib boundary is filled up and located between the abnormal regions.