gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of SR 49059, an orally active V1a vasopressin receptor antagonist, on vasopressin‐induced uterine contractions (1997)

This study demonstrates for the first time a biological effect of an orally active vasopressin V1a antagonist in humans in vivo and the results support the importance of vasopressin in uterine activation. The differences between study drug and placebo treatments in lysine vasopressin levels and systolic blood pressure, but lack of difference in osmolality indicate that SR 49059 antagonises the effect of lysine vasopressin on the vasopressin V1a receptor, but not that on the vasopressin V2 one. It is suggested that SR 49059 be explored therapeutically in dysmenorrhoea.
티토의 외교정책, 비동맹주의(Non-alignment) 수립 배경에 관한 연구 (2006)

티토의 외교정책인 비동맹주의와 제 3세계 형성은 냉전체제라는 냉혹한 국제질서 속에서 양대 블록에 가입하기 어렵거나 가입을 거부하던 약소국들에게 국가의 자주권을 유지하고, 전쟁을 피할 수 있는 돌파구를 마련해 주었다. 비동맹주의의 시작은 유고슬라비아가 1948년 코민포름 분쟁의 후유증을 극복하기 위한 방안으로 새로운 외교적 출구를 모색하게 되면서 출발하게 된다. 이후 양대 블록간의 대리전이라 할 수 있는 1950년 한국전쟁을 경험하게 되면서, 유고슬라비아는 국가의 자주권 유지와 평화 구축을 위해 양대 블록에 속하지 않는 새로운 외교 노선과 그룹, 즉 비동맹주의와 제 3세계 수립의 필요성을 확신하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 유고슬라비아의 비동맹주의 수립 배경에 있어 1948년 코민포름 분쟁의 의미를 살펴보고, 그 원칙 수립의 계기를 1950년 한국전쟁의 교훈에서 찾아보고자 한다. 더불어 코민포름 분쟁 이후 그리고 한국전쟁을 전후로 UN에서 유고슬라비아가 보여준 여러 발언들과 외교 전략들을 토대로 유고슬라비아가 비동맹주의의 기초를 어떻게 수립하여 갔으며, 그 내용은 어떠했는지에 대해 분석해보고자 한다.
Crystal Structures of YkuI and Its Complex with Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP Suggest Catalytic Mechanism of Phosphodiester Bond Cleavage by EAL Domains (2009)

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that is involved in the regulation of cell surface-associated traits and the persistence of infections. Omnipresent GGDEF and EAL domains, which occur in various combinations with regulatory domains, catalyze c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation, respectively. The crystal structure of full-length YkuI from Bacillus subtilis, composed of an EAL domain and a C-terminal PAS-like domain, has been determined in its native form and in complex with c-di-GMP and Ca(2+). The EAL domain exhibits a triose-phosphate isomerase-barrel fold with one antiparallel beta-strand. The complex with c-di-GMP-Ca(2+) defines the active site of the putative phosphodiesterase located at the C-terminal end of the beta-barrel. The EAL motif is part of the active site with Glu-33 of the motif being involved in cation coordination. The structure of the complex allows the proposal of a phosphodiesterase mechanism, in which the divalent cation and the general base Glu-209 activate a catalytic water molecule for nucleophilic in-line attack on the phosphorus. The C-terminal domain closely resembles the PAS-fold. Its pocket-like structure could accommodate a yet unknown ligand. YkuI forms a tight dimer via EAL-EAL and trans EAL-PAS-like domain association. The possible regulatory significance of the EAL-EAL interface and a mechanism for signal transduction between sensory and catalytic domains of c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases are discussed.
Methacrylic Esters of Glucose and Other Carbohydrates<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethacrylic Esters of Glucose and Other Carbohydrates1R. H. Treadway and E. YanovskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 6, 1038–1039Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01222a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01222a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Bone and joint diseases in children. Rickets]. (2010)

Rickets is a disorder of growth plate chondrocytes. Its basic pathophysiology has been revealed as a defect in apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes induced by low phosphate concentration in the body fluid. This review summarized recent topics in two major forms of rickets, vitamin D deficient rickets and hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets. Vitamin D deficient rickets reappeared all over the world due to environmental change. The knowledge in basic pathophysiology of the hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets is increasing rapidly after the discovery of fibroblast growth factor 23 and the responsible genes have been revealed. The finding may support to uncover the whole truth of phosphate metabolism.
Plasmonic photodetector with terahertz electrical bandwidth (2014)

We propose and investigate a surface plasmon photodetector concept, based on the enhancement of electrical near-field in low-defect, low-doped In0.53Ga0.47As detection volumes located in the gaps of an array of metal nanodipole antennas. We report enhancement in responsivity in the presence of nanodipoles and predict a maximum responsivity of ∼100 mA/W at wavelengths near 1550 nm. The 3 dB electrical bandwidth of the device is estimated based on its RC rise time and the hole transit time through the detection volume for the cases of conventional and ballistic transport in InGaAs and is found to range from ∼0.7 to 4 THz. Also, trends are observed relating the responsivity to the gap dimensions, revealing a trade-off between the field-enhancement in the gap and its volume, and leading to an optimum gap length producing the maximum responsivity.
Epoxy Nanocomposites Based on the Synthetic α-Zirconium Phosphate Layer Structure (2003)

The morphology and mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites based on synthetic α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) layer structure have been investigated. The interlayer surfaces of α-ZrP can be easily modified because of its high surface ion exchange capacity characteristics. The α-ZrP structure is layered claylike and possesses aspect ratios of at least 100. The state of exfoliation has been confirmed using direct transmission electron microscopy observation at various locations of the sample. With an addition of only 1.9 vol % α-ZrP, the tensile modulus of the α-ZrP-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite is increased by 50%, and the yield strength improved by 10%. However, the ductility of the matrix (elongation at break) is drastically reduced after the α-ZrP reinforcement. The fundamental structure−property relationship of α-ZrP-based epoxy nanocomposite is discussed.
Abbreviation Disambiguation Using Semantic Abstraction of Symbols and Numeric Terms (2006)

We propose an abbreviation disambiguation approach that utilizes semantic representation of symbols and numeric terms as well as the words in clinical documents. While majority of related works treats symbols and numeric words as stopword, we show that they play an important role especially in coarse-grained documents such as CDA (clinical document architecture) documents, which contain a lot of jargons, symbols, and abbreviations written by doctors. For abbreviation disambiguation task using a classifier, we compared several variations of our approach with a traditional bag-of-words method. The results show that the system using semantic abstraction of symbols and numeric terms can improve the accuracy from 87.9% to 92.6% when a SVM classifier is used.
The role of context in head gesture recognition (2006)

Head pose and gesture offer several key conversational grounding cues and are used extensively in face-to-face interaction among people. We investigate how dialog context from an embodied conversational agent (ECA) can improve visual recognition of user gestures. We present a recognition framework which (1) extracts contextual features from an ECA's dialog manager, (2) computes a prediction of head nod and head shakes, and (3) integrates the contextual predictions with the visual observation of a vision-based head gesture recognizer. We found a subset of lexical, punctuation and timing features that are easily available in most ECA architectures and can be used to learn how to predict user feedback. Using a discriminative approach to contextual prediction and multi-modal integration, we were able to improve the performance of head gesture detection even when the topic of the test set was significantly different than the training set.
The Social Organization of Conspiracy: Illegal Networks in the Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry (1993)

Wayne E. Baker, Robert R. Faulkner, The Social Organization of Conspiracy: Illegal Networks in the Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry, American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, No. 6 (Dec., 1993), pp. 837-860
Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction after Transient Intrauterine Ischemia in the Fetal Rat Brain* (2000)

The results indicate that although during the early time period after ischemia mitochondrial respiratory capacity is restored, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction develops in the immature rat brain.
Theta: Teenage Health Education Teaching Assistants (1975)

JOHN K. ELLIS is an associate professor o f health, and MICHAEL S. BROCK is a graduate teaching assistant, in the Department o f Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97337. Ellis is major adviser for undergraduate a n d graduate community health majors at OSU. Brock was formerly coordinator of the health occupations program at Franklin High School in Portland, Oregon. Acknowledgement i s made to Robert L. Weiss of the U.S. Public Health Service, Dental Health Center, San Francisco, California, for his assistance in the initiation o f the THETA project, and to Mark Speetsen, teacher at Franklin High School, for his help with the project described here.
The Kinetic Basis of a New Start-Up Method to Ensure the Rapid Granulation of Anaerobic Sludge (1992)

The control of the granulation process seems to be a kind of microbial selection: the enrichment of Methanothrix sp. against the Methanosarcina sp. Because of a lower KS value of Methanothrix, keeping a low (below 200 mg.dm−3) acetate concentration has been advised to be beneficial for granulation. This method results a 70-100 days start-up time. This approach assumes Monod-type kinetics, although a substrate inhibition model may describe better the biomethanation of acetate. We found that the best fit was yielded by a Haldane-type equation modified by an inhibition response coefficient (n). The major difference between the kinetics of raw and granular sludges has been manifested in this dimensionless parameter. The n was 4 times higher for raw sludge (3.6-4.1) than for granular sludge (0.95-1.13) which means that the granular sludge (formed mainly by Methanothrix sp.) is less sensitive to substrate inhibition. Continuous UASB experiments gave a similar result: the n-value continuously decreased (from 2.3 to 0.2) following granule formation. On the basis of the above findings we developed a new strategy for granulation control which ensured fast (35-40 day) granulation on carbohydrate-containing wastewaters.
A factor that specifically binds to the 5'‐untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA (1990)

A protein factor that specifically binds to the 5'-untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) RNA has been found in extracts of ascites carcinoma Krebs-2 cells. This was done using UV-irradiation on extracts supplemented with in vitro synthesized 32P-labelled transcripts followed by analysis of crosslinked proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The transcripts represented the viral RNA sequence from nt 315 to 1155, its derivatives with internal deletions or truncated forms. This set of transcripts has allowed us to find out that the factor (p58) binds to EMCV RNA within the sequence 315-485.
Expression of the β-Nerve Growth Factor Gene in Hippocampal Neurons (1988)

In situ hybridization with complementary DNA probes for nerve growth factor (NGF) was used to identify cells containing NGF messenger RNA in rat and mouse brain. The most intense labeling occurred in hippocampus, where hybridizing neurons were found in the dentate gyrus and the pyramidal cell layer. The neuronal identity of NGF mRNA-containing cells was further assessed by a loss of NGF-hybridizing mRNA in hippocampal areas where neurons had been destroyed by kainic acid or colchicine. RNA blot analysis also revealed a considerable decrease in the level of NGF mRNA in rat dentate gyrus after a lesion was produced by colchicine. This lesion also caused a decrease in the level of Thy-1 mRNA and an increase in the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA. Neuronal death was thus associated with the disappearance of NGF mRNA. These results suggest a synthesis of NGF by neurons in the brain and imply that, in hippocampus, NGF influences NGF-sensitive neurons through neuron-to-neuron interactions.
Super-Coulombic atom–atom interactions in hyperbolic media (2017)

Dipole-dipole interactions, which govern phenomena such as cooperative Lamb shifts, superradiant decay rates, Van der Waals forces and resonance energy transfer rates, are conventionally limited to the Coulombic near-field. Here we reveal a class of real-photon and virtual-photon long-range quantum electrodynamic interactions that have a singularity in media with hyperbolic dispersion. The singularity in the dipole-dipole coupling, referred to as a super-Coulombic interaction, is a result of an effective interaction distance that goes to zero in the ideal limit irrespective of the physical distance. We investigate the entire landscape of atom-atom interactions in hyperbolic media confirming the giant long-range enhancement. We also propose multiple experimental platforms to verify our predicted effect with phonon-polaritonic hexagonal boron nitride, plasmonic super-lattices and hyperbolic meta-surfaces as well. Our work paves the way for the control of cold atoms above hyperbolic meta-surfaces and the study of many-body physics with hyperbolic media.
Three-dimensional geometric modeling of the cochlea using helico-spiral approximation (2000)

In this paper, the three-dimensional geometry of the human cochlea is modeled by the helico-spiral seashell model. The 3-D helico-spiral model, the generalized representation of the Archimedian spiral model, provides a framework for measuring cochlear features based on consistent estimation of model parameters. Nonlinear least square minimization based algorithms are developed for the identification of rotation, center and intrinsic parameters of the helico-spiral representation. Two algorithms are designed for the rotation axis aligned to the modiolar axis: one is more susceptible in the presence of noise, while the other allows applicability to two-dimensional data sets. The estimated center and intrinsic parameters allow the calculation of length, height and angular positions needed for frequency mapping of multichannel cochlear implant electrodes. Model performance is evaluated with numerically synthesized curves with different levels of added random noise, histologic data and real human cochlear spiral computed tomography data.
Improved techniques for separating motile spermatozoa from human semen (1984)

A simple and atraumatic method for concentrating washed, motile spermatozoa from normal and subnormal semen specimens is described. It incorporates a modified technique of centrifugation in which sperm are spun onto a soft, fluid cushion, thereby minimizing mechanical damage. Following initial semen dilution to 5-10 ml in an artificial medium, the mixture is transferred to a test tube and layered onto 1 ml of oily contrast medium (Lipiodol). After centrifugation at 300 g for 10 min all but 0.5 ml of the supernatant is discarded, and the unshaken test tube is incubated at 37 degrees C for 15-20 min, during which time the motile sperm migrate into the upper 0.5 ml. After this incubation, 0.3 ml of the upper layer is removed which is sufficient for most IVF and AIH purposes. It contains concentrated, washed, motile spermatozoa that are free of debris and most abnormal forms. No change in pH or osmolarity and no diffusion of any iodine from the oil base into the top layer were detected.
Defect Chemistry and Microstructure of Hydrothermal Barium Titanate (2001)

Hydrothermal powders of BaTiO 3 and (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O 3 contain large amounts of protons in the oxygen sublattice. The proton defects are compensated by vacancies on metal sites. When the powder is annealed, water is released and the point defects disappear in the temperature range of 100°–600°C. Metal and oxygen vacancies combine to small nanometer‐sized intragranular pores. At temperatures of >800°C, the intragranular pores migrate to the grain boundaries and disappear. In multilayer ceramic capacitors that have been prepared from hydrothermal powders, the intragranular pores are preferentially collected at the inner electrodes, which results in “bloating,” cracks, and delamination.
Limitations of Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease (2010)

Most cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) are sporadic. When choosing an animal model for idiopathic PD, one must consider the extent of similarity or divergence between the physiology, anatomy, behavior, and regulation of gene expression between humans and the animal. Rodents and nonhuman primates are used most frequently in PD research because when a Parkinsonian state is induced, they mimic many aspects of idiopathic PD. These models have been useful in our understanding of the etiology of the disease and provide a means for testing new treatments. However, the current animal models often fall short in replicating the true pathophysiology occurring in idiopathic PD, and thus results from animal models often do not translate to the clinic. In this paper we will explain the limitations of animal models of PD and why their use is inappropriate for the study of some aspects of PD.
L-propionyl carnitine protects erythrocytes and low density lipoproteins against peroxidation. (1994)

The effects of peroxidation on the erythrocytes of rats orally treated with L-propionyl carnitine for 15 days (50 mg/kg/day) were investigated. Peroxidation was produced by incubating the cells in the presence of the cytotoxic system: lactoperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide and iodide ions. Lysis of erythrocytes was evaluated by measuring the turbidity following the decrease in absorbance at 600 nm. The 50% of erythrocyte lysis of untreated animals was observed after 16 min and in about 30 min all the cells were lysed. With L-propionyl carnitine-treated rat erythrocytes the time at which 50% of lysis was observed increased to 23 min. L-propionyl carnitine also exerted its protective effect in vitro when incubated with untreated rat erythrocytes or human erythrocytes in the presence of the cytolytic system. The presence of L-propionyl carnitine in the incubation mixture markedly decreased the malonaldehyde formation. The protection was concentration-dependent. To establish if L-propionyl carnitine protects from oxygen reactive species or is able to stabilize the damaged membranes, a latent damage was produced by incubating the erythrocytes with the cytolytic system for a few minutes. The cells were then removed and suspended in buffered saline in the absence or in the presence of different L-propionyl carnitine concentrations. L-propionyl carnitine decreased the velocity of lysis of damaged erythrocytes. These data suggest that L-propionyl carnitine protects erythrocytes from oxygen reactive species and also stabilizes the damaged membrane probably by specific binding with protein and/or phospholipid domains. Low density lipoproteins (LDLs) from human blood were peroxidized by exposure to Cu2+ ions in the presence of various L-propionyl carnitine concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Studies on the PVA/P(AA-Co-AN/SiO2)/ PVA Composite Membranes for Pervaporation Dehydration of Methanol (2010)

Acrylic acid (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN) were synthesized by solution polymerization with nanometer SiO2. The copolymer solution was made into main body of the membranes, then composited with the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) acetal membranes, to make the three-layer sandwich composite pervaporation membranes. The adsorption and the preferential sorption characteristics of the membranes were analyzed by studying swelling degree in different concentrations of methanol solution. Furthermore, the structure unit ratios of the P(AA-Co-AN/SiO2) membranes were analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Pervaporation experiments were carried out using these membranes to separate methanol/water mixture, and results showed that selectivity of the membranes has increased with increasing the ratio of AN, but ?ux decreased. When the comonomer ratio AA/AN was 1/1, for the 98wt% mixtures at 60?, the separate factor was up to 1534, and the permeation ?ux was 583 g/(m2·h). Moreover, the composite membranes also showed good stability by a long-term test of the pervaporation experiments.
What Is the Evidence for Inter-laminar Integration in a Prefrontal Cortical Minicolumn? (2017)

The objective of this perspective article is to examine columnar inter-laminar integration during the executive control of behavior. The integration hypothesis posits that perceptual and behavioral signals are integrated within the prefrontal cortical inter-laminar microcircuits. Inter-laminar minicolumnar activity previously recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of nonhuman primates, trained in a visual delay match-to-sample (DMS) task, was re-assessed from an integrative perspective. Biomorphic multielectrode arrays (MEAs) played a unique role in the <i>in vivo</i> recording of columnar cell firing in the dlPFC layers 2/3 and 5/6. Several integrative aspects stem from these experiments: 1. Functional integration of perceptual and behavioral signals across cortical layers during executive control. The integrative effect of dlPFC minicolumns was shown by: (i) increased correlated firing on correct vs. error trials; (ii) decreased correlated firing when the number of non-matching images increased; and (iii) similar spatial firing preference across cortical-striatal cells during spatial-trials, and less on object-trials. 2. Causal relations to integration of cognitive signals by the minicolumnar turbo-engines. The inter-laminar integration between the perceptual and executive circuits was facilitated by stimulating the infra-granular layers with firing patterns obtained from supra-granular layers that enhanced spatial preference of percent correct performance on spatial trials. 3. Integration across hierarchical levels of the brain. The integration of intention signals (visual spatial, direction) with movement preparation (timing, velocity) in striatum and with the motor command and posture in midbrain is also discussed. These findings provide evidence for inter-laminar integration of executive control signals within brain's prefrontal cortical microcircuits.