gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Mechanism of Pyruvate Formate-Lyase (PFL). A Theoretical Study (1998)

Pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) is a glycyl radical containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible CoA-dependent conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA and formate. We have studied the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme by means of accurate quantum chemical methods. It is shown that an overall homolytic radical mechanism is very feasible. In particular, the formation of a tetrahedral radical intermediate, by addition of thiyl radical to pyruvate, is supported by the calculated reaction energies and barriers. Furthermore, we propose that the thioester exchange between active site cysteine and CoA proceeds via a radical mechanism. This is made possible by the quenching of the formate radical by Cys418, and not Gly734, as previously proposed.
Fast Permuting on Disk Arrays (1993)

We present fast algorithms to accomplish common classes of permutations on parallel disk systems. Vitter and Shriver introduced a parallel I/O model and proved an asymptotically tight bound on the number of parallel I/Os needed to perform a general permutation. They demonstrated, however, that at least one type of permutation-matrix transpose-can be performed with fewer parallel I/Os than the lower bound for general permutations. This paper generalizes the Vitter-Shriver matrix-transpose result, showing that other classes of permutations can be performed with fewer parallel I/Os than the general permutation bound in many cases. We show how to perform bit-permute/complement (BPC) permutations, a class including matrix transpose and many other common permutations, with fewer parallel I/Os than general permutations. We also present a fast algorithm to perform bit-matrix-multiply/complement (BMMC) permutations. The algorithms for these permutations are built from restricted classes of permutations that we define, each requiring only one pass over the data. All the permutation algorithms presented in this paper are deterministic and are easily performed on-line.
Low-Delay Rate Control for Consistent Quality Using Distortion-Based Lagrange Multiplier (2016)

Video quality fluctuation plays a significant role in human visual perception, and hence, many rate control approaches have been widely developed to maintain consistent quality for video communication. This paper presents a novel rate control framework based on the Lagrange multiplier in high-efficiency video coding. With the assumption of constant quality control, a new relationship between the distortion and the Lagrange multiplier is established. Based on the proposed distortion model and buffer status, we obtain a computationally feasible solution to the problem of minimizing the distortion variation across video frames at the coding tree unit level. Extensive simulation results show that our method outperforms the rate control used in HEVC Test Model (HM) by providing a more accurate rate regulation, lower video quality fluctuation, and stabler buffer fullness. The average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and PSNR deviation improvements are about 0.37 dB and 57.14% in the low-delay (P and B) video communication, where the complexity overhead is ∼ 4.44% .
Decreased Accessory Cell Function and Costimulatory Activity BY 1, 25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>—Treated Monocytes (1992)

To characterize the mechanism(s) by which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) modulates the costimulatory capacity of monocytes, we examined the effect of calcitriol pretreatment of monocytes on their capacity to promote T cell proliferation (accessory cell function). Correlation of calcitriol-dependent changes in monocyte accessory cell function and alterations in phenotype and cytokine production, and the dependence of these changes on cell viability, were studied. Calcitriol pretreatment induced a defect in accessory cell function that was evident with fixed monocytes, suggesting a cell-surface-associated mechanism. Altered accessory cell function did not correlate with changes in HLA-DR antigen expression and was unaffected by concurrent treatment with interferon-gamma. Calcitriol treatment did not alter either the expression of adhesion molecules or monocytic production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) or IL-6. Exogenous IL-1 or IL-6 did not overcome the impaired costimulatory activity of calcitriol-treated monocytes. Thus, calcitriol treatment reduces the capacity of monocytes to promote lectin-induced T cell activation at the level of the plasma membrane, perhaps through altered expression of an uncharacterized molecule important in monocyte-T cell interactions. At chronically inflamed sites, elaboration of calcitriol by activated macrophages may regulate the ability of monocytes to induce both antigen-dependent and antigen-independent T cell proliferation.
Quantification of immunoglobulin on electrophoretic immunoblot strips as a tool for human immunodeficiency virus serodiagnosis (1988)

Electrophoretic immunoblotting (EIB [Western blotting]), the main method for verification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity, needs thorough characterization and standardization. We explored the possibilities of quantifying immunoglobulin G (IgG) bound to EIB strips both by densitometry of the peroxidase-stained bands and by measurement of radioactivity with labeled anti-HIV IgG. The radioactivity method is inherently more exact but was more cumbersome. However, despite saturation phenomena at high IgG densities, the densitometric method was more convenient and yielded reproducible estimates of the amount of bound IgG. We found it useful primarily for documentation of changes in the relative abundance of antibodies to different HIV proteins from individual patients over time. To explore the potential usefulness of the method, we studied a small set of HIV-seropositive persons. The average p24/gp41 color yield ratios and standard deviations in 3 persons with recent seroconversion, 15 healthy subjects, and 6 diseased HIV-seropositive persons were 6.6 +/- 0.9, 2.3 +/- 1.9, and 1.3 +/- 0.5, respectively. These data are in accord with previous qualitative or semiquantitative observations but are too limited for any conclusions regarding the use of quantitative EIB for prognostic use with individual patients. Quantitative EIB is a valuable tool for comparative methodological studies and for research on the protective role of anti-HIV antibodies in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pathogenesis. Its possible use in prognostication for individual patients must be evaluated in long-term studies.
Editorial Comments (1992)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1992Editorial Comments David T. Uehling David T. UehlingDavid T. Uehling More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)44600-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 148(1), p. 82 © 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 148Issue 1July 1992Page: 82 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information David T. Uehling More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Efficacy of Machine Laundering to Eradicate Head Lice: Recommendations to Decontaminate Washable Clothes, Linens, and Fomites (2005)

The efficacy of machine laundering to eradicate head lice should be determined. Viable lice and nits were machine laundered using 3 washing programs (with water temperatures of 40 degrees C, 50 degrees C, and 60 degrees C), with and without detergent, and the results were compared with results for control lice and nits. A drying program was also used. Either washing done with a water temperature of at least 50 degrees C or drying is necessary to kill head lice and nits.
Carotenoids Induce Apoptosis in the T-lymphoblast Cell Line Jurkat E6.1 (2002)

Epidemiologically, a high-carotenoid intake via a fruit- and vegetable-rich diet is associated with a decreased risk of various forms of cancer. The mechanisms by which carotenoids exert this protective effect are controversial. In this study, we examined the potency of a range of carotenoids commonly found in human plasma to induce apoptosis in Jurkat E6.1 malignant T-lymphoblast cells. At a concentration of 20 microM, the order of potency to induce apoptosis after 24 h was: beta-carotene > lycopene > lutein > beta-cryptoxanthin = zeaxanthin. Canthaxanthin failed to induce apoptosis under these conditions. beta-Carotene induced apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with a lowest effective concentration of about 3 microM. Pre-conditioning of beta-carotene for 72 h destroyed its pro-apoptotic activity almost completely, whereas degradation for 6 h or less did not, indicating that either beta-carotene itself and/or an early degradation product of beta-carotene are the death-inducing compounds. Apoptosis induced by beta-carotene was characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, DNA degradation, PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation. The antioxidant BO-653 inhibited the degradation of beta-carotene in vitro and significantly increased its cytotoxicity, indicating that a pro-oxidant effect of beta-carotene is unlikely to cause its pro-apoptotic activity. The induction of apoptosis in transformed cells by carotenoids may explain their protective effect against cancer formation in humans. Possible pathways for induction of apoptosis by carotenoids are discussed.
Automatic Target Recognition for short time observation radars (2013)

The need of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) is going to become a major feature for all kind of sensors, and therefore also all kind of radars, due to the increased signal and data exploitation capabilities, today's enhanced system performance requirements and future customer expectations. This need is often in conflict with system constraints like observation time budge and / or available sensor characteristics. In this paper, target classification concepts for radar sensors with short observation time and therefore medium or low resolution are considered and assessed with respect to their ATR performance limits.
Whole-body predictors of wrist shot accuracy in ice hockey : a kinematic analysis by way of motion capture (2009)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify joint angular kinematics that correspond to shooting accuracy in the stationary ice hockey wrist shot. Twenty-four subjects participated in this study, each performing 10 successful shots to four shooting targets. An eight-camera infra-red motion capture system (240 Hz), using passive reflective markers, was used to record motion of the joints, hockey stick, and puck throughout the performance of the wrist shot. A multiple regression analysis was carried out to examine whole-body kinematic variables with accuracy scores as the dependent variable. Results indicate that no one body region predominated as a predictor of accuracy across all four shooting targets since the wrist shot's general movement pattern required that one or more of the body's joints modulate its movement amplitude, rate and timing to achieve an accurate outcome. Significant accuracy predictors were identified in the lower limbs, torso and upper limbs. An accurate outcome was associated with the following characteristics: The lower body seemed to provide a stable base for support, but also contributed to initiation of movement in the form of weight transfer towards the intended target. We propose that the trail leg seemed to offset rotational motion that could potentially upset the stability of the system if not properly managed. Additionally, angular kinematics at the pelvis, spine and thorax appeared to orient the trunk such that the upper limbs can optimally function to achieve an accurate outcome, and also undoubtedly contributed to force production. And finally, accuracy was associated with more dynamic use of the lead arm specifically at the wrist and shoulder.
Multi-layered videotext extraction method (2003)

The importance of video content analysis and retrieval increases as storage capacity grows in consumer devices. Videotext detection is very important for video indexing and retrieval enabling features such as commercial detection, intelligent keyframe extraction, program boundary detection and others. In this paper we propose multi-layered videotext detection tailored to an MP EG encoding scheme. We approached the videotext detection from a perspective of scalability and flexibility for different platforms with varying resources. We propose a three-layered algorithm. The first layer works in compressed domain features such as macroblock type. The second layer works in semicompressed domain such as DCT coefficients. The third layer works in uncompressed domain, i.e. spatial domain. As the next layer gets implemented the complexity increases but so does the precision of the algorithm. On constrained platforms, only the first layer would be implemented. On high-end platforms all three layers could be implemented to enable a full suite of indexing and retrieval applications.
Process improves acid gas separation (1982)

The Rayan/Holmes cryogenic process overcomes the roadblocks to three distillations: methane from carbon dioxide, CO/sub 2/ from ethane and heavier liquids, and CO/sub 2/ from H/sub 2/S mixtures. The new approach adds a suitable agent to the distillation to alter the system. The additives are usually simple natural gas liquids obtained from the feed gas itself. The process's performance is technically outstanding because it produces pipeline-quality gas directly from a sour gas stream.
An alpha -immune, 2-V supply voltage SRAM using a polysilicon PMOS load cell (1990)

The key technology for achieving the low-voltage operation is shown to be a polysilicon PMOS load (PPL) cell. The polysilicon PMOS device is successfully stacked on the bulk MOSFET, using 0.5- mu m CMOS technology. The investigation emphasizes the soft error rate (SER) and the stability of the cell. The SER of the PPL cell at a supply voltage of 2 V is comparable to that of the conventional high-resistivity polysilicon load cell at a supply voltage of 5 V. The cell stability is also improved using a PPL cell, so that the low-voltage operation is assured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Perm‐selective dialysis membranes. II. Films based on acrylic acid‐n‐butyl methacrylate copolymers—a critical comparison with cellulose films (1973)

Abstract New synthetic anionic membranes have been developed as replacements for the cellulose membranes currently used to remove blood toxins and water in hemodialyzers. The membranes are solvent‐cast on to polyethylene sheets from copolymers of acrylic acid with various alkyl methacrylates. Membranes from copolymers of acrylic acid and n‐butyl methacrylate show most promise as alternative hemodialysis membranes. The copolymers are prepared using modified emulsion copolymerization techniques with sequential monomeric additions in order to yield homogeneous polymers with the high molecular weight necessary for good film‐forming characteristics. Permeability of the synthetic membranes to blood components, rates of water removal by ultrafiltration, and mechanical properties of membranes are measured and compared with standard 150 and 300PT cellulose films. Results for cellulose films confirm previous conclusions that permeability is principally proportional to the inverse molecular volume of the diffusing solute, while new anionic synthetic membranes show selectivity to basic blood solutes and operate by an “assisted diffusion” mechanism. A method is reported of improving mechanical properties while maintaining high permeability rates for blood solutes and high water ultrafiltration rates, by treating membranes with ethylene oxide gas, a clinical sterilizing agent.
Arterial Supply to Sinuatrial and Atrioventricular Nodes: Imaging with Multidetector CT (2007)

http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2461070030/DC1.
Antenna beam steering technique using dielectric wedges (1989)

A technique is described for steering an antenna beam from boresight using a pair of dielectric wedges. The technique has been developed particularly for the application of a direct broadcast satellite television receive antenna, but would also be usable in other applications. A practical version has been designed and constructed, and the measured performance of this is compared with predictions.
A common novel CYP2C19 gene variant causes ultrarapid drug metabolism relevant for the drug response to proton pump inhibitors and antidepressants (2006)

CYP2C19*17 is likely to cause therapeutic failures in drug treatment with, for example, proton pump inhibitors and antidepressants.
Surge Control of the Electrically Driven Centrifugal Compressor (2006)

This paper presents a method of the energy efficiency and the operational performance improvement of the electrically driven air compression system. The key innovation of the proposed method-the active surge suppression of the centrifugal compressor by means of the speed control of the electrical drive has been experimentally validated. This method allows the load following operation of the compression system keeping the fast response on the application demands. The described control approach is considered to be applied to the "Balance-of-Plant" of a fuel-cell power system
The fucose-mannose ligand-ELISA in the diagnosis and prognosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. (1999)

The fucose-mannose ligand (FML)-ELISA assay showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% in diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) (kala-azar) in sera from naturally infected dogs from São Gonçalo do Amaranto, Rio Grande de Norte, Brazil. The overall prevalence of antibodies to Leishmania in the endemic area was 23% (79 of 343). Seroreactivity detected by a Leishmania chagasi immunofluorescent (IF) assay was much lower (2.9%) and similar to the percentage of dogs with kala-azar symptoms (2.6%). Twenty-one of 21 asymptomatic, FML-seropositive animals died of kala-azar in a period ranging from 0 to 6 months after diagnosis. The predictive value was 100% for the FML-ELISA, 43% for an L. mexicana ELISA, and 24% for the L. mexicana and L. chagasi IF assays, respectively. In experimentally infected dogs, all assays detected seropositivity between 90 and 120 days after infection. Since the current strategy for control of CVL is based on detection and destruction of infected dogs, the highly predictive, sensitive, and specific FML-ELISA represents a useful tool for field control of the disease.
Separation of specific immunoglobulin. 1. Desalination using a membrane system. (1995)

Separation of the ammonium sulfate precipitated protein fraction of mouse ascitic fluid, containing the specific immunoglobulin (pI 6.7-6.8; molecular weight 180000), from ammonium sulfate was investigated by means of non-traditional dialysis, based on the difference in diffusion rates of small and large molecules through porous membranes. The experiments were carried out in spiral membrane modules equipped with a Neosepta (AM-2 or ACS-SB) anion exchange membrane and a microfiltration membrane (Synpore or Sartorius). To enhance the driving force for penetration of ammonium sulfate and low-molecular-weight components from solution of ascitic protein fraction into water, a counterpressure was imposed on the side of microfiltration membrane. The flow rate, counterpressure and the pore sizes of microfiltration membranes had a significant effect on the separation process, as expected. The type of the anion exchange membrane had only a small effect. This process makes it possible to desalt the immunoglobulin fraction with high purity and yield in a few hours instead of 5 days.
An investigation of block-adaptive decision feedback equalization for frequency selective fading channels (1988)

Block adaptation techniques are investigated by computer simulation for decision feedback equalization on a rapidly fading dispersive channel. Trade-offs between training sequence length and block length are found. Block adaptation supplemented by linear interpolation of coefficients is found to be an attractive alternative to more complex continuously-adapting recursive least squares adaption algorithms.
The Cre/Lox System to Assess the Development of the Mouse Brain (2013)

Cre-mediated recombination has become a powerful tool to confine gene deletions (conditional knockouts) or overexpression of genes (conditional knockin/overexpression). By spatiotemporal restriction of genetic manipulations, major problems of classical knockouts such as embryonic lethality can be circumvented. Furthermore Cre-mediated recombination has broad applicability in the analysis of the cellular behavior of subpopulations and cell types as well as for genetic fate mapping. This chapter will give an overview about applications for the Cre/LoxP system and their execution.
Low-rank matrix completion using alternating minimization (2013)

Alternating minimization represents a widely applicable and empirically successful approach for finding low-rank matrices that best fit the given data. For example, for the problem of low-rank matrix completion, this method is believed to be one of the most accurate and efficient, and formed a major component of the winning entry in the Netflix Challenge [17].
Apoptosis in rat erectile tissue induced by castration. (1999)

Castration induced apoptosis in rat corpus cavernosum, that could be prevented by T supplementation. It suggests that androgen plays an important role in maintaining the structure of corpus cavernosum.
Interactive network planning and analysis on a personal computer (1990)

Features of POSCODAM, a power system planning and analysis software package, are described. POSCODAM (power system computation and data management) is an integrated package of three program systems, namely, POSDAM (power system data management), POSCO (power system computation), which consists of load-flow and short-circuit analysis modules, and POSGRAPH (power system graph), for graphical input and output of network topologies and computed results. During the past six years, this package has been used for applications such as optimization of energy transmission in regional electric networks, determination of reactive power compensation, investigation of system and equipment overloads, determination of system short-circuit power levels, dimensioning of switchgear and protection coordination, and grounding of power system neutrals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical frequency comb with sub-radian CEO phase noise from a SESAM-modelocked 1.5-μm solid-state laser (2011)

The noise properties of a fully stabilized 1.5-μm diode-pumped solid-state laser frequency comb are analyzed. The locked CEO-beat has an integrated phase noise of ~0.75-rad and the optical carrier stability is 5·10−13 at 1 sec.