gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Essential Viral Gene Functions after Highly Efficient Adenofection of Cells with Cloned Human Cytomegalovirus Genomes (2014)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a large 240 kb genome that may encode more than 700 gene products with many of them remaining uncharacterized. Mutagenesis of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-cloned CMV genomes has greatly facilitated the analysis of viral gene functions. However, the roles of essential proteins often remain particularly elusive because their investigation requires the cumbersome establishment of suitable complementation systems. Here, we show that HCMV genomes can be introduced into cells with unprecedented efficiency by applying a transfection protocol based on replication-defective, inactivated adenovirus particles (adenofection). Upon adenofection of several permissive cell types with HCMV genomes carrying mutations in essential genes, transfection rates of up to 60% were observed and viral proteins of all kinetic classes were found expressed. This enabled further analyses of the transfected cells by standard biochemical techniques. Remarkably, HCMV genomes lacking elements essential for viral DNA replication, such as the lytic origin of replication, still expressed several late proteins. In conclusion, adenofection allows the study of essential HCMV genes directly in BAC-transfected cells without the need for sophisticated complementation strategies.
[Family communication styles, attitude towards institutional authority and adolescents' violent behaviour at school]. (2007)

The purpose of present study is to analyse the relationship among certain family and school factors, adolescents' attitude towards institutional authority, and violent behaviour at school. The sample is composed of 1049 adolescents of both sexes and aged from 11 to 16 years old. Statistical analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling. Results indicate a close association between negative communication with father and violent behaviour in adolescence. Moreover, data suggest that teachers' expectations affect students' attitude towards institutional authority, which in turn is closely related to school violence. Finally, findings show an indirect influence of father, mother and teacher in adolescents' violent behaviour, mainly through their effect on family- and school-self-concept.
Reactivity of the Acridine Ring: One-Pot Regioselective Single and Double Bromomethylation of Acridine and Some Derivatives (2003)

We report here a new efficient regioselective synthetic route to 4-bromomethylacridine and to 4,5-bis-(bromomethyl)acridine, two interesting starting materials for various 4-methyleneacridine and 4,5-bis-(methylene)acridine derivatives, in one step by direct bromomethylation of acridine with bromomethylmethylether (BMME). We also describe some biologically interesting diesters derivatives from the corresponding 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)acridine precursor.
Phospholipid composition and Ca2+ uptake properties of plasma membrane isolated from canine stomach smooth muscle. (1986)

The Ca2+ uptake and phospholipids influencing it in plasma membrane isolated from canine stomach smooth muscle was investigated. The major phospholipids in plasma membrane were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 26%), phosphatidylcholine (PC, 20%) and phosphatidylserine + phosphatidylinositol (PS + PI, 15%). The cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in the membrane was 0.64. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was inhibited by exogenous PE, PC and PS, but increased by PI. Saponin and phospholipase C inhibited ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and accelerated release of Ca2+ from actively loaded plasma membrane vesicles. In the absence of ATP, PE slightly and PI significantly increased Ca2+ uptake, but PC and PS did not affect the Ca2+ uptake. Release of Ca2+ from actively loaded vesicles was 5 times greater in the presence of PI than in its absence. Results suggest PI to be the most active of the tested phospholipids in influencing Ca2+ movement across plasma membrane.
Preparation of carbon supported Pd–P catalyst with high content of element phosphorus and its electrocatalytic performance for formic acid oxidation (2010)

The carbon supported Pd–P (Pd–P/C) anodic catalyst in direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) was prepared with a novel phosphorus reduction method. The Pd–P/C catalyst obtained possesses the high content of P0 in the alloying state. Because alloying P0 could decrease the 3d electron density of Pd and the adsorption affinity of CO and H on Pd, alloying P0 would promote the formic acid (FA) oxidation through the direct pathway. Therefore, the electrocatalytic performance of the Pd–P/C catalyst for the FA oxidation is much better than that of the Pd/C catalyst.
X-ray scattering studies of thin films and surfaces: thermal oxides on silicon (1987)

A triple-axis X-ray spectrometer has been used to examine the reflectivity and surface scattering from silicon wafers with various thicknesses of oxide surface layers (from 10 to 100 AA). The X-ray techniques provide accurate information on the thickness of the surface oxide layer, the electron density of the roughness of both the surface interface and the substrate to layer interface. The use of a triple-axis spectrometer has two important advantages over the more conventional X-ray reflectivity techniques. It allows accurate reflectivity measurements to be carried out on samples which are, macroscopically, far from flat, such as semiconductor wafers in preparation for device fabrication. It also enables the intensity of the specularly reflected X-ray beam to be measured without contamination from the appreciable small-angle scattering which can occur from a microscopically rough surface. To illustrate this point, reflectivity measurements from a high-quality glass optical flat are also described.
Online pipeline systems for recursive numeric computations (1980)

This paper discusses the development of a high speed pipelined arithmetic system suitable for recursive numeric computations. The core of the arithmetic system is an online pipeline network. The details of the architectural design of this arithmetic system are first presented. Then the organization of such a system to support a broad range of recursive computations, which have not been amenable to pipelining by other techniques, will be described. The LU factorization of a tridiagonal matrix is used as an example to provide timing comparisons between the online pipeline network, the CRAY-1, and the systolic array as presented by Kung and Leiserson, 1978.
Low temperature lignocellulose pretreatment: effects and interactions of pretreatment pH are critical for maximizing enzymatic monosaccharide yields from wheat straw (2011)

Pretreatment pH exerted significant effects and factor interactions on the enzymatic glucose and xylose releases. Quite extreme pH values were necessary with mild thermal pretreatment strategies (T ≤ 140°C, time ≤ 10 min). Alkaline pretreatments generally induced higher enzymatic glucose and xylose release and did so at lower pretreatment temperatures than required with acidic pretreatments.
The Crystal Chemistry of Molybdenum Oxides (1963)

The existence of at least nine phases in the molybdenum-oxygen system is well established. Their crystal structures are briefly described and it is shown that they can be classified into four main families dependent on whether they possess a basic structure of rutile type, ReO3 type, or MoO3 type, or have complex structures where polygonal networks can be distinguished. The known tungsten and mixed molybdenum tungsten oxides fit into this scheme. Because of their complicated formulas many of these compounds may be termed "nonstoichiometric," but variance in composition has not been observed for any of them.
Optical and thermal properties of a cyanine dye medium for next-generation DVD-Rs (1999)

A dye material for the next generation of digital versatile disk-recordables (high-definition DVD-Rs) is required to absorb at a shorter wavelength compared with conventional dye media. For this purpose, l,3,3,l’,3’,3’-hexamethyl-2,2’-indocyanine perchlorate (D-l), whose maximum absorption band exists at 434.5 nm, was selected. Reflection and transmission spectra of D-l thin films were studied. Oscillation of the reflectance and transmittance around 480 nm with film thickness can be seen. The calculated complex refractive index is 2.15 + i0.085. Its decomposition temperature was measured to be around 282°C and no melting point was observed in its differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curve. The optical and thermal properties of D-l and longer wavelength-absorbing indocyanine dyes were also compared.
Molecular mechanism of field-inversion electrophoresis (1988)

Proposed is a molecular interpretation of the strong selectivity of field-inversion electrophoresis, recently applied to the separation of long DNA fragments. The sharp transition in the mobility is associated with an antiresonance occurring when chain-length fluctuations compete with the electrophoretic drift. A theory is outlined based on biased reptation (Slater and Noolandi) and length fluctuations (Doi). Systematic preaveraging allows a simple treatment, and important features of the data are correctly accounted for.
Characterization of a microflow cytometer with an integrated three-dimensional optofluidic lens system (2010)

Flow cytometry is a standard analytical method in cell biology and clinical diagnostics and is widely distributed for the experimental investigation of microparticle characteristics. In this work, the design, realization, and measurement results of a novel planar optofluidic flow cytometric device with an integrated three-dimensional (3D) adjustable optofluidic lens system for forward-scattering∕extinction-based biochemical analysis fabricated by silicon micromachining are presented. To our knowledge, this is the first planar cytometric system with the ability to focus light three-dimensionally on cells∕particles by the application of fluidic lenses. The single layer microfluidic platform enables versatile 3D hydrodynamic sample focusing to an arbitrary position in the channel and incorporates integrated fiber grooves for the insertion of glass fibers. To confirm the fluid dynamics and raytracing simulations and to characterize the sensor, different cell lines and sets of microparticles were investigated by detecting the extinction (axial light loss) signal, demonstrating the high sensitivity and sample discrimination capability of this analysis system. The unique features of this planar microdevice enable new biotechnological analysis techniques due to the highly increased sensitivity.
Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Matrix Operations (1988)

Basic Operations. Simultaneous Linear Equations. Square Matrices. Matrix Inversion. Determinants. Vectors. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. Functions of Matrices. Canonical Bases. Similarity. Inner Products. Norms. Hermitian Matrices. Positive Definite Matrices. Unitary Transformations. Quadratic Forms and Congruence. Nonnegative Matrices. Patterned Matrices. Power Methods for Locating Real Eigenvalues. The OR Algorithm. Generalized Inverses.
High power, high-efficiency quasi-CW two-dimensional laser diode arrays (1991)

Optical output power densities of 2000 W/cm2 have been obtained from 0.4 cm2 and 0.2 cm2 stacked AlGaAs laser arrays with electrical-to-optical conversion efficiencies of 43% for pulse widths of 200 μs. Arrays were assembled to facilitate back-cooling, and a five-bar stack was operated at 8% duty cycle with an average output power of 24 W.
Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects. Growth-related changes that occur between infancy and early adulthood. (1978)

Echocardiographic measurements of the left ventricular dimensions and wall thicknesses at end diastole and end systole, aortic root and left atrial dimensions, mitral valve E-F slope, left ventricular ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening of the left ventricular internal dimension, estimated left ventricular mass and percentage systolic thickening of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall were obtained in 105 normal subjects ranging from one day to 23 years of age. Each parameter was found to follow a linear regression upon one of three functions of the body surface area. The internal dimensions of left ventricle, the left atrium, and the aortic root, and the mitral valve E-F slope varied in a linear relation to the cube root of the body surface area. Thickness of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall varied in a linear relation to the square root of the body surface area. Estimated left ventricular mass varied linearly with the direct measurement of body surface area. Ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening of the left ventricle and percent systolic thickening of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall were independent of body surface area despite a marked increase in the size of the left ventricle during normal growth and development.
The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen in breast carcinoma diagnostic and prognostic implications (1983)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been shown to be a useful tumor marker in patients with breast carcinoma. The unlabeled antibody immunoperoxidase technique was used to localize CEA in 93 cases of primary breast carcinoma, 15 cases of atypical duct papillomatosis, and 4 cases of duct papilloma. Normal breast epithelium and breast epithelium in fibrocystic disease did not stain positively for CEA. Twenty-four of 27 (88%) intraductal carcinomas, and 47 of 69 (68%) infiltrating duct carcinomas were CEA positive. In contrast, only 5 of 21 (23%) in situ lobular carcinomas and 8 of 24 (33%) infiltrating lobular carcinomas were positive for CEA. All 15 cases of atypical epithelial papillomatosis were negative, whereas 1 of the 4 cases of duct papilloma exhibited microscopic foci of weak CEA positivity. There was a trend for infiltrating duct carcinomas, 3 cm in diameter or smaller, staining strongly positive for CEA, to be associated with synchronous axillary lymph node metastases (P = 0.09). Tumor heterogeneity was a constant feature of CEA staining with positivity varying from region to region and even from cell to cell. Positive immunohistochemical staining for CEA may play an adjunctive role in discriminating intraductal carcinoma from atypical papillary ductal proliferations.
Large-scale invisible attack on AFC systems with NFC-equipped smartphones (2017)

Automated Fare Collection (AFC) systems have been globally deployed for decades, particularly in public transportation. Although the transaction messages of AFC systems are mostly transferred in plaintext, which is obviously insecure, system operators do not need to pay much attention to this issue, since the AFC network is well isolated from public network (e.g., the Internet). Nevertheless, in recent years, the advent of Near Field Communication (NFC)-equipped smartphones has bridged the gap between the AFC network and the Internet through Host-based Card Emulation (HCE). Motivated by this fact, we design and practice a novel paradigm of attack on modern distance-based pricing AFC systems, enabling users to pay much less than actually required. Our constructed attack has two important properties: 1) it is invisible to AFC system operators because the attack never causes any inconsistency in the backend database of the operators; and 2) it can be scalable to large number of users (e.g., 10,000) by maintaining a moderate-sized AFC card pool (e.g., containing 150 cards). Based upon this constructed attack, we developed an HCE app, named LessPay. Our real-world experiments on LessPay demonstrate not only the feasibility of our attack (with 97.6% success rate), but also its low-overhead in terms of bandwidth and computation.
Wet Disc Brakes for Off-Highway Vehicles (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Many of the brake applications for off-highway vehicles require the brake to operate in a hostile environment such as mud slurries or abrasive dust. While the drum and disc type brakes available today can perform the stopping function of a brake, they may not provide the low maintenance or long life required in some environmental extremes. A wet disc brake, however, can perform the stopping function as well as provide the required life because it is completely sealed from the operating environment. This paper describes the major design features and the development of the Rockwell wet disc brake.</div>
–Omic and Electronic Health Record Big Data Analytics for Precision Medicine (2016)

Big data analytics makes sense of -omic and EHR data to improve healthcare outcome. It has long lasting societal impact.
Photoresist Coating Methods for the Integration of Novel 3-D RF Microstructures (2004)

This paper presents three coating methods of photoresist on large three-dimensional (3-D) topography surfaces. Two special methods, spray and electrodeposition (ED) are introduced and investigated for the fabrication of 3-D microstructures and RF-MEMS devices. Characteristics of each method as well as its advantage and disadvantages are outlined. A comparison is made to point out the most suitable coating method in terms of complexity, performance and type of application. The potential of these coating methods is demonstrated through several applications such as fabrication of multilevel micromachined structures and RF MEMS devices.
A technique for counting DNSSEC validators (2013)

The DNS security extensions (DNSSEC) is a new feature of DNS that provides an authentication mechanism that is now being deployed worldwide. However, we do not have enough knowledge about the deployment status of DNSSEC in the wild due to the difficulty of identifying DNSSEC validators (caching validating resolvers). In this paper, a simple and robust method is proposed that estimates DNSSEC validators from DNS query data passively measured at the server side. The key idea of the estimation method relies on the query patterns of the original query and the DNSSEC queries triggered by the original query, which is the ratio of the number of DS queries to the number of total queries per host (DSR: DS ratio). To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we analyze passive traffic traces measured for all the “.jp” servers and actively send DNSSEC validation requests to caching resolvers that appear in the traces to obtain the ground truth data of DNSSEC validators. Our results of the active measurement reveal that less than 50% of the potential DNSSEC validators were validating caching resolvers in the wild; the remainder was related to stub validators (e.g., browser plugins) behind non-validating caching resolvers. Thus, simple IP address-based counts overestimated the number of DNSSEC validators in an investigation of the deployment of DNSSEC at the organization level (e.g., ISPs). Then, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the DSR by using the active and passive traffic traces. In summary, the ratio of validating caching resolvers in our dataset was estimated to be approximately 70% of the potential DNSSEC validators, and also 15-20% of the ASes sending DNSSEC queries were overestimated as ones with validating caching resolvers. In particular, our results show that some ASes providing public DNS service had few validating caching resolvers though they had a large number of hosts sending DNSSEC queries.
Survival of Edwardsiella ictaluri in Pond Water and Bottom Mud (1986)

Abstract Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish, is involved in about one-third of all disease cases in diagnostic laboratories where channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is the predominant species examined. Edwardsiella ictaluri causes disease primarily when water temperatures range from 18°C to 28°C; these temperatures prevail during May and June and again in September and October in southern USA where catfish are cultured. This investigation was undertaken to confirm earlier reports that E. ictaluri does not survive in water and to determine if it could survive in bottom muds of ponds. Survival of E. ictaluri was determined in pond water at 5°C and 25°C, and in bottom mud at 5°C, 18°C, and 25°C. In mud incubated at 25°C, E. ictaluri maintained itself at densities of 106.5 cells/mL for 95 d; at 18°C the organism maintained approximately 10-fold higher densities for 40 d. However, E. ictaluri survived for less than 10 d in water at 25°C and for less than 15 d in water and mud at 5°. These data demonstrate that E. ictaluri can survive in pond bottom muds for an extended period of time; from this refuge, it may be a source of infection from spring through the fall. In view of these data, it is unlikely that E. ictaluri is a true obligate pathogen, but its survival is restricted by environmental conditions.
Optimization Models and Techniques for Radiation Treatment Planning Applied to Leksell Gamma Knife(R) Perfexion(TM) (2012)

Radiation treatment planning is a process through which a certain plan is devised in order to irradiate tumors or lesions to a prescribed dose without posing surrounding organs to the risk of receiving radiation. A plan comprises a series of shots at di erent positions with di erent shapes. The inverse planning approach which we propose utilizes certain optimization techniques and builds mathematical models to come up with the right location and shape, for each shot, automating the whole process. The models which we developed for PerfexionTM unit (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden), in essence, have come to the assistance of oncologists in automatically locating isocentres and de ning sector durations. Sector duration optimization (SDO) and sector duration and isocentre location optimization (SDIO) are the two classes of these models. The SDO models, which are, in fact, variations of equivalent uniform dose optimization model, are solved by two nonlinear optimization techniques, namely Gradient Projection and our home-developed Interior Point Constraint Generation. In order to solve SDIO model, a commercial optimization solver has been employed. This study undertakes to solve the isocentre selection and sector duration optimization. Moreover, inverse planning is evaluated, using clinical data, throughout the study. The results show that automated inverse planning contributes to the quality of radiation treatment planning in an unprecedentedly optimal fashion, and signi cantly reduces computation time and treatment time.
Über Umsetzungen von Saccharose mit 1‐ (n‐Alkoxy)‐äthylisocyananten (1977)

Abstract Es wird über ein Verfahren zur Darstellung von neuen, langkettigen N‐[1‐(n‐Alkoxy)‐äthyl]‐carbaminsäure‐monoestern der Saccharose berichtet. Reaktionsbedingungen werden ermittelt und Eigenschaften von Saccharose‐N‐[1‐(n‐hexoxy)‐äthyl]‐ 1 , N‐[1‐(n‐octoxy)‐äthyl]‐ 2 und N‐[1‐(n‐decoxy)‐äthyl]‐carbaminsäure‐monoester 3 (Isomerengemische) beschrieben. Oberflächenspannungen wäßriger Lösungen der genannten Verbindungen in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration werden mit jenen von Natriumdodecylsulfat verglichen.
Typing of Aspergillus species and Aspergillus fumigatus isolates by interrepeat polymerase chain reaction (1993)

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of repetitive DNA motifs allows discrimination of Aspergillus species. In a preliminary survey, the DNA fingerprints appear to be identical when isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus are compared. When a primer deduced from a prokaryotic repeat motif is used, Aspergillus fumigatus isolates originating from different patients or different anatomical locations can be typed individually.
The effect of xylitol on the composition of the oral flora: a pilot study. (2011)

Within the limitations of this pilot study, xylitol consumption reduced MS counts in plaque but appeared not to affect the microbial composition of plaque or saliva in general.