gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD90 is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and inhibits gastric cancer cell apoptosis by modulating the expression level of SPARC protein (2015)

Cluster of differentiation 90 (CD90) (Thy-1) plays important roles in the oncogenesis in various types of malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the expression of CD90 in gastric cancer (GC) tissues by q-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blot technologies. The results showed that CD90 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with the level in the adjacent non‑cancerous tissues. To explore the possible mechanism of CD90 in GC, we elucidated the effect of CD90 on the apoptosis of AGS gastric cancer cells, and found that a considerable decrease in apoptotic cells was observed for AGS cells with CD90 overexpression. Meanwhile, the rate of apoptotic cells was increased in the AGS cells with CD90 interference (siCD90) compared with that in the AGS cells. Cell apoptosis is closely related to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations. Our results showed that overexpression of CD90 in the AGS gastric cancer cells led to an increase in ΔΨm and a decrease in intracellular ROS and Ca2+ concentrations. At the same time, siCD90 reduced ΔΨm and the increase in intracellular ROS and Ca2+ concentrations. Furthermore, we identified and confirmed that CD90 functions by modulating the expression level of secreted protein, acidic, cysteine‑rich (osteonectin) (SPARC) in vitro through LC‑MS/MS analyses and western blot technology. In summary, our results suggest that CD90 is upregulated in gastric cancer and inhibits gastric cancer cell apoptosis by modulating the expression level of SPARC protein.
Hydrazidinyl Radicals: 1 2,4,5‐Tetraazapentenyls, Verdazyls, and Tetrazolinyls (1973)

Abstract This report reviews the preparation of hydrazidinyls and their chemical and physical properties.
Setting up virgin stress conditions in discrete element models (2012)

In the present work, a methodology for setting up virgin stress conditions in discrete element models is proposed. The developed algorithm is applicable to discrete or coupled discrete/continuum modeling of underground excavation employing the discrete element method (DEM). Since the DEM works with contact forces rather than stresses there is a need for the conversion of pre-excavation stresses to contact forces for the DEM model. Different possibilities of setting up virgin stress conditions in the DEM model are reviewed and critically assessed. Finally, a new method to obtain a discrete element model with contact forces equivalent to given macroscopic virgin stresses is proposed. The test examples presented show that good results may be obtained regardless of the shape of the DEM domain.
THE STRUCTURE OF RAT PREPROINSULIN GENES (1980)

In rat there are two nonallelic insulins, I and II. We have cloned and sequenced double stranded cDNA copies of both preproinsulin mRNA I and II. Using the cloned sequence as probe, we established by the Southern blotting technique a restriction map of the two chromosomal genes. This map indicates that an intron exists within the insulin II gene. To examine this in more detail, we have isolated both genes from a library of rat DNA cloned in phage lambda. Restriction endonuclease analysis and direct DNA sequencing revealed that gene II contains two introns: a 490 base pair intron between the region encoding amino acids 38 and 39 of proinsulin, and a 119 base pair intron, which is 17 base pairs upstream from the initiation codon. Gene I is not interrupted within the protein coding region, but possesses an intron homologous to the 119 base pair intron of insulin II. We are studying the structure of insulin genes from other species to determine if the 490 base pair intron was lost or inserted in the duplicated gene. We have identified nuclear RNA molecules larger than preproinsulin mRNA which contain the transcribed intronic sequences. These molecules represent a new precursor in insulin biosynthesis.
Nebuliser hood compared to mask in wheezy infants: aerosol therapy without tears! (2003)

Aerosol therapy by hood is as efficient as by mask but provides a better therapeutic index. It is much better tolerated by infants and preferred by parents. Hood nebulisation is a simple and patient friendly mode of aerosol therapy in wheezy infants.
Aureocin (1970)

SUMMARY A small minority of Staphylococcus aureus strains produce a substance referred to as “aureocin”. It appears to inhibit all coagulase-positive staphylococci, unless they themselves produce this substance. I should like to thank Dr W. Shepherd for his support and encouragement and Mrs H. D. Landau for phage typing the staphylococci involved.
Loss of RBF1 changes glutamine catabolism (2013)

Inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRB) alters the expression of a myriad of genes. To understand the altered cellular environment that these changes create, we took advantage of the Drosophila model system and used targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to profile the metabolic changes that occur when RBF1, the fly ortholog of pRB, is removed. We show that RBF1-depleted tissues and larvae are sensitive to fasting. Depletion of RBF1 causes major changes in nucleotide synthesis and glutathione metabolism. Under fasting conditions, these changes interconnect, and the increased replication demand of RBF1-depleted larvae is associated with the depletion of glutathione pools. In vivo (13)C isotopic tracer analysis shows that RBF1-depleted larvae increase the flux of glutamine toward glutathione synthesis, presumably to minimize oxidative stress. Concordantly, H(2)O(2) preferentially promoted apoptosis in RBF1-depleted tissues, and the sensitivity of RBF1-depleted animals to fasting was specifically suppressed by either a glutamine supplement or the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine. Effects of pRB activation/inactivation on glutamine catabolism were also detected in human cell lines. These results show that the inactivation of RB proteins causes metabolic reprogramming and that these consequences of RBF/RB function are present in both flies and human cell lines.
Why are some texts good and others not? Relationship between text quality and management of the writing processes. (2011)

International audience
Analytical solutions for the breakdown voltages of punched-through diodes having curved junction boundaries at the edges (1980)

Analytical expressions are derived for the breakdown voltages of punched-through diodes having a plane structure terminated with cylindrical and spherical curved boundaries at the edges, through the use of suitable approximations for the electric field in the depletion layer. The expressions derived include both p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -i-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> and p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> (or p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -n-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) types and are given in terms of the middle-region (i-layer or p-layer) width, the radius of curvature of the junction edge, the punch-through voltage, and the plane parallel breakdown voltage of p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -i-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> diodes. The results obtained include a correlation between the middle-region (p-layer) width and the width of the depletion layer in the curved portions of the junction when the applied reverse bias across the diode is just sufficient so that punchthrough takes in the portions where the junction is plane parallel. These results are made use of in the breakdown voltage calculations.
‘LOVERS’ VOWS.' (1917)

Journal Article ‘LOVERS’ VOWS.' Get access MADELEINE HOPE DODDS MADELEINE HOPE DODDS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s3-VIII, Issue 29, April 1917, Pages 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s3-VIII.29.1 Published: 01 April 1917
RNA Polymerase-Promoter Interactions: the Comings and Goings of RNA Polymerase (1998)

Initiation of transcription is a complicated process involving several different phases: promoter location by RNA polymerase, formation of a competent initiation complex, synthesis of the initial phosphodiester bonds, and movement of RNA polymerase from the promoter as it enters the elongation phase
Condition monitoring and virtual containment for composite flywheels (2001)

This paper presents a health monitoring technique for advanced composite flywheels. Flaws of primary interest, such as delamination and debonding of interfaces, are those unique to composite flywheels. Such flaws the balance state of a flywheel through small, but detectable, motion of the mass center and principal axes of inertia. The proposed technique determines the existence and the severity of such flaws by a method similar to the influence-coefficient rotor balancing method. Because of the speed-dependence of the imbalance caused by elastic flaws, normalized vibrations and imbalance are defined. The normalized imbalance not only permits the use of vibration readings at multiple speeds to increase the technique's accuracy, but also is a direct measure of the flaw severity. To account for the possibility that flaw growth could actually improve the balance state of a rotor, a new concept of accumulated imbalance change is also introduced. Laboratory tests show the proposed method is able to detect small simulated flaws that result in as little as 2-3 microns of mass center movement. Virtual containment software was also developed and demonstrated.
Diagnosis criterion for damage monitoring of adhesive joints by a piezoelectric method (2005)

Adhesive joints have been widely used for fastening thin adherends because they can distribute the load over a larger area than mechanical joints, require no holes, add very little weight to the structure and have superior fatigue resistance. Since the reliability of an adhesive joint is dependent on many parameters, such as the shape of joint, type of applied load and environment, an accurate prediction of the fatigue life of adhesive joints is seldom possible, which necessitates an in situ damage monitoring of the joints during their operation. Recently, a piezoelectric method using the piezoelectric characteristics of epoxy adhesives has been successfully developed for adhesive joints because it can continuously monitor the damage of adhesively bonded structures without producing any defects induced by inserting a sensor. Therefore, in this study, the damage of adhesive joints was monitored by the piezoelectric method during torsional fatigue tests in order to develop the diagnosis criterion for damage monitoring of adhesive joints by the piezoelectric method. The diagnosis criterion was developed by analyzing damage monitoring signals under various test conditions and adopting normalized parameters.
Automated reassembly of fragmented images (2003)

In this paper we address the problem of reassembly of images from a collection of their fragments. The image reassembly problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem and image assembly is then done by finding an optimal ordering of fragments. We present implementation results showing that images can be reconstructed with high accuracy even when there are thousands of fragments and multiple images involved.
Nonlinear optical susceptibilities of AlN film (1977)

The nonlinear optical coefficients of AlN have been determined as ‖d33‖= (23.2±35%) dQ11 and ‖d31‖ ≲0.04‖d33‖ for the c-plate film and for a fundamental beam at 1.064 μm. The result is discussed with reference to the bond-charge model.
Hr44 Secreted with Exosomes: Loss from Ciliary Epithelium in Response to Inflammation (2003)

Because hr44 is a component of exosomes produced by ARPE-19 cells, the coincident loss of hr44 and CD63 in inflamed epithelia indicates that exosomes may be released from intraocular epithelia in response to inflammation. This notion suggests that exosomes shed by intraocular epithelial cells influence T-cell survival and antigen presentation in the eye without direct cell-cell contact and have a role in the maintenance of ocular immune privilege.
Minimum Generation Error Training for HMM-Based Speech Synthesis (2006)

In HMM-based speech synthesis, there are two issues critical related to the MLE-based HMM training: the inconsistency between training and synthesis, and the lack of mutual constraints between static and dynamic features. In this paper, we propose minimum generation error (MGE) based HMM training method to solve these two issues. In this method, an appropriate generation error is defined, and the HMM parameters are optimized by using the generalized probabilistic descent (GPD) algorithm, with the aims to minimize the generation errors. From the experimental results, the generation errors were reduced after the MGE-based HMM training, and the quality of synthetic speech is improved.
Role and location of the unusual redox-active cysteines in the hydrophobic domain of the transmembrane electron transporter DsbD (2003)

The central hydrophobic domain of the membrane protein DsbD catalyzes the transfer of electrons from the cytoplasm to the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Two cysteine residues embedded in transmembrane segments are essential for this process. Our results, based on cysteine alkylation and site-directed proteolysis, provide strong evidence that these residues are capable of forming an intramolecular disulfide bond. Also, by using a combination of two complementary genetic approaches, we show that both cysteines appear to be solvent-exposed to the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane. These data are inconsistent with earlier topological models that place these residues on opposite sides of the membrane and permit the formulation of alternate hypotheses for the mechanism of this unusual transmembrane electron transfer.
A 15-gb/s 2:1 multiplexer in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS (2006)

By employing the inductive peaking technique and the super-dynamic flip-flops, a 2:1 multiplexer (MUX) is presented for high-speed operations. The proposed circuit is realized in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. With a power consumption of 110mW from a 2-V supply voltage, the fully integrated MUX can operate at an output rate up to 15Gb/s. From the measured eye-diagrams, the 15-Gb/s half-rate MUX exhibits an output voltage swing of 225mV and a root-mean-square jitter of 2.7ps.
Indirect Exchange Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by Conduction Electrons (1954)

A calculation is given of the indirect exchange ${\mathrm{I}}_{i}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{I}}_{j}$ type coupling of nuclear magnetic moments in a metal by means of the hyperfine interaction with the conduction electrons. The interaction appears to account qualitatively for the broad nuclear spin resonance lines observed in natural metallic silver. It is expected that the interaction may sharpen the resonances in pure isotopic specimens. The line shape of the minority isotope in a binary mixture may tend to be Gaussian, while that of the majority isotope may tend to be Lorentzian, if the indirect exchange interaction is dominant.
signSGD: Compressed Optimisation for Non-Convex Problems (2018)

Training large neural networks requires distributing learning across multiple workers, where the cost of communicating gradients can be a significant bottleneck. signSGD alleviates this problem by transmitting just the sign of each minibatch stochastic gradient. We prove that it can get the best of both worlds: compressed gradients and SGD-level convergence rate. The relative $\ell_1/\ell_2$ geometry of gradients, noise and curvature informs whether signSGD or SGD is theoretically better suited to a particular problem. On the practical side we find that the momentum counterpart of signSGD is able to match the accuracy and convergence speed of Adam on deep Imagenet models. We extend our theory to the distributed setting, where the parameter server uses majority vote to aggregate gradient signs from each worker enabling 1-bit compression of worker-server communication in both directions. Using a theorem by Gauss we prove that majority vote can achieve the same reduction in variance as full precision distributed SGD. Thus, there is great promise for sign-based optimisation schemes to achieve fast communication and fast convergence. Code to reproduce experiments is to be found at https://github.com/jxbz/signSGD .
Studies on ergothioneine. XI. Inhibitory effect on lipid peroxide formation in mouse liver. (1983)

Ergothioneine was examined in vitro for ability to inhibit lipid peroxide formation. Lipid peroxide formation in mouse liver homogenate was inhibited in a dose-related manner by 5-250 mM ergothioneine. Carnitine and histidine had no such effect. Even when lipid peroxide formation was enhanced by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or ascorbic acid treatment, addition of 50 mM ergothioneine inhibited that formation by 50%. It was found that ergothioneine (1) remarkably enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity from liver cytosol, (2) increased the activity of mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase, and (3) inhibited NADPH-cytochrome c reductase from rat liver microsomes. Thus, ergothioneine might be one of the heat-stable factors inhibiting lipid peroxide formation in the liver cytosol.
Framework Breathing in the Vapour‐Phase Adsorption and Separation of Xylene Isomers with the Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐53 (2009)

Vapour-phase adsorption and separation of the C8 alkyl aromatic compounds p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene has been studied on the metal-organic framework MIL-53. Adsorption and desorption isotherms of the pure components at 110 degrees C were determined using the gravimetric technique. The adsorption isotherms show two well-defined steps and hysteresis, corresponding to the opening or breathing of the framework, as induced by the presence of the adsorbing molecules. In the first isotherm plateau, an adsorption capacity of about 18 wt % is observed. After the breathing phenomenon, the adsorption capacity increases to about 40 wt %. Breakthrough separation experiments with equimolar o-xylene/ethylbenzene mixtures were performed at 110 degrees C with varying hydrocarbon pressures. The separation mechanism is related to the state of the pore structure, as dictated by framework breathing. At low pressure, below the "pore-opening" pressure, MIL-53 shows no preference for any isomer. At pressures high enough to induce pore opening, separation of the C8 alkyl aromatic isomers becomes possible and separation factors as high as 6.5 are observed. The separation at a high degree of pore filling in the open form is a result of differences in the packing modes of the C8 alkyl aromatic components in the pores of MIL-53.
Test Amnioinfusion to Determine Suitability for Serial Therapeutic Amnioinfusion in Midtrimester Premature Rupture of Membranes (2003)

Three quarters of women with mid-trimester PPROM lose fluid at test amnioinfusion and therefore would not be suitable candidates for serial amnioinfusion. However, if infused fluid is retained, this allows subsequent serial amnioinfusion and prolongation of pregnancy in about 75%, with an attendant decrease in the risk of pulmonary hypoplasia. However, even successful serial amnioinfusion remains associated with procedure-related complications (i.e. chorioamnionitis, placental abruption) which themselves may predispose to preterm delivery.
Robust Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) Selection in LTE Systems Using Reinforcement Learning (2014)

Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) in LTE networks is commonly employed to improve system throughput by ensuring more reliable transmissions. Most of existing AMC methods select the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) using pre-computed mappings between MCS indexes and channel quality indicator (CQI) feedbacks that are periodically sent by the receivers. However, the effectiveness of this approach heavily depends on the assumed channel model. In addition CQI feedback delays may cause throughput losses. In this paper we design a new AMC scheme that exploits a reinforcement learning algorithm to adjust at run-time the MCS selection rules based on the knowledge of the effect of previous AMC decisions. The salient features of our proposed solution are: i) the low-dimensional space that the learner has to explore, and ii) the use of direct link throughput measurements to guide the decision process. Simulation results obtained using ns3 demonstrate the robustness of our AMC scheme that is capable of discovering the best MCS even if the CQI feedback provides a poor prediction of the channel performance.
Occupant posture analysis using reflectance and stereo images for "smart" airbag deployment (2004)

Robust detection of vehicle occupant posture is necessary for intelligent airbag deployment. This paper presents a vision-based method of estimating the size, posture and pose of the occupant. Utilizing raw reflectance and stereo disparity images, this algorithm presents a mixed-mode approach to finding occupant features. Extensive experiments show the viability of this mixed-mode method in identifying the occupant's head location and suggest the feasibility of extending the analysis system to include detection of features such as occupant arms and foreign objects.
Evidence for Developmentally Programmed Transdifferentiation in Mouse Esophageal Muscle (1995)

Transdifferentiation is a relatively rare phenomenon in which cells of one differentiated type and function switch to a second discrete identity. In vertebrate embryos, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle are distinct tissues that arise from separate compartments of the mesoderm. The musculature of the mouse esophagus was found to undergo a conversion from smooth muscle in the fetus to skeletal muscle during early postnatal development. The switch from smooth to skeletal muscle features the transitory appearance of individual cells expressing a mixed phenotype, which suggests that this conversion is a result of programmed transdifferentiation.
Amplitude envelope onsets and developmental dyslexia: A new hypothesis (2002)

A core difficulty in developmental dyslexia is the accurate specification and neural representation of speech. We argue that a likely perceptual cause of this difficulty is a deficit in the perceptual experience of rhythmic timing. Speech rhythm is one of the earliest cues used by infants to discriminate syllables and is determined principally by the acoustic structure of amplitude modulation at relatively low rates in the signal. We show significant differences between dyslexic and normally reading children, and between young early readers and normal developers, in amplitude envelope onset detection. We further show that individual differences in sensitivity to the shape of amplitude modulation account for 25% of the variance in reading and spelling acquisition even after controlling for individual differences in age, nonverbal IQ, and vocabulary. A possible causal explanation dependent on perceptual-center detection and the onset-rime representation of syllables is discussed.