gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Computerized Tomography to CFD: Production Flow Prediction in Realistic Perforation Tunnels (2015)

Abstract Perforated completions have become a standard process of well completions, where the wellbore is connected to the reservoir by perforating the casing/cement wall and the formation to provide flow paths through which formation fluids can enter the wellbore. This flow path (defined by the perforation tunnel) is usually encompassed by drilling damage, crushed and the native formation zones, which influence the ability of the tunnel to flow hydrocarbons into the wellbore. Most numerical models assume the tunnel to be uniformly cylindrical in shape due to limited information available from downhole conditions as well as complexity involved in modeling detailed geometries. Such an assumption leads to discrepancies between computed and true flow efficiency and productivity of the tunnel. In this paper, our objective is to develop a novel production flow model combining the capabilities of a perforation flow laboratory, computerized tomography (CT scan) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). As a first step, the complex geometry of the perforation tunnel (from a typical API RP-19B Section IV experiment) is obtained using a CT-scan. Next, the CT scan images are transformed using image processing software to generate a CAD model. The CAD model is then translated to a CFD model, where the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are solved to conduct a full-scale three-dimensional flow simulation around the tunnel. The fluid flow simulations provide details on the fluid velocities, pressures, skin factors and most importantly, the productivity ratio. Additionally, we have developed an analytical model that is aimed towards complementing the CFD model by computing the static/dynamic underbalance effects in conjunction with the tunnel's inflow characteristics. The computational approach presented in this study is a first step towards leveraging digital rock physics to characterize the efficiency of a perforated completion. The study provides understanding into the steady/transient flow dynamics around realistic perforation tunnel geometries along with providing the framework for a completion engineer to better understand the design and optimization of a perforating job. Subsequently, it provides insight into devising the overall completion strategy for enhanced reservoir productivity.
A New Method for the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Peptides (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Method for the Synthesis of Macrocyclic PeptidesJohn C. Sheehan and Wallace L. RichardsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 24, 6329–6330Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01653a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Local Infiltration Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Control following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review (2012)

Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is an analgesic technique that has gained popularity since it was first brought to widespread attention by Kerr and Kohan in 2008. The technique involves the infiltration of a large volume dilute solution of a long-acting local anesthetic agent, often with adjuvants (e.g., epinephrine, ketorolac, an opioid), throughout the wound at the time of surgery. The analgesic effect duration can then be prolonged by the placement of a catheter to the surgical site for postoperative administration of further local anesthetic. The technique has been adopted for use for postoperative analgesia following a range of surgical procedures (orthopedic, general, gynecological, and breast surgeries). The primary objective of this paper was to determine, based on the current evidence, if LIA is superior when compared to no intervention, placebo, and alternative analgesic methods in patients following total hip arthroplasty, in terms of certain outcome measures. The outcomes considered were postoperative analgesia scores, joint function/rehabilitation, and length of hospital stay. Secondary objectives were to review available evidence and current knowledge regarding the pharmacokinetics of local anesthetic and adjuvant drugs when administered in this way and the occurrence of adverse events.
Gradient index metamaterials realized by drilling hole arrays (2010)

Gradient index metamaterials have wide applications in the microwave and optical fields. Based on the quasi-static theory, such materials at the microwave band have been realized by drilling hole arrays on ordinary dielectric materials. As applications of the gradient index metamaterials, novel devices including a 45° dielectric wave-bending structure, a 16° wave-steering lens and a microwave focusing lens are designed and fabricated. Field mapping measurements validate the proposed gradient index metamaterials and the device designs. The method can be directly and easily extended to the design of cloaks, various lenses, beam shifters and beam-steering devices. It can also be applied in the optical band as long as quasi-static conditions are satisfied. The method and the devices may find applications in integrated circuit systems.
Mixtures of SCFA, composed according to physiologically available concentrations in the gut lumen, modulate histone acetylation in human HT29 colon cancer cells (2006)

Intake of fibre has beneficial properties on gut health. Butyrate, a product of bacterial gut fermentation, is thought to contribute to positive effects by retarding growth and enhancing apoptosis of tumour cells. One mechanism is seen in its capacity to modulate histone acetylation and thereby transcriptional activity of genes. Next to butyrate, propionate and acetate are also major products of gut fermentation and together they may exert different potencies of cellular effects than butyrate alone. Since virtually nothing is known on combination effects by SCFA mixtures, here we had the aim to assess how physiological relevant concentrations and mixtures of SCFA modulate histone acetylation in human colon cells. HT29 colon cancer cells were incubated with mixtures of butyrate, acetate and propionate and with the individual compounds as controls. Histone acetylation was determined with acid-urea gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Acetylated histones slowly increased over 24 h and persisted up to 72 h in butyrate-treated HT29 cells. Butyrate (5-40 mM) and propionate (20-40 mM) enhanced histone acetylation significantly after 24 h incubation, whereas acetate (2.5-80 mM) was ineffective. Mixtures of these SCFA also modulated histone acetylation, mainly due to additive effects of butyrate and propionate, but not due to acetate. In conclusion, physiological concentrations of propionate together with butyrate could have more profound biological activities than generally assumed. Together, these SCFA could possibly mediate important processes related to an altered transcriptional gene activation and thus contribute to biological effects possibly related to cancer progression or prevention.
Incidence of Deep Infection in Aseptic Revision THA using Vancomycin-Impregnated Impacted Bone Allograft (2010)

The addition of antibiotic to cement is a frequent practice in aseptic revision hip surgery There is concern about adding vancomycin to cement due to potential effects on mechanical properties and prolonged elution of subtherapeutic levels antibiotic. Bone allografts can store and provide high levels of vancomycin to surrounding tissues. We analyzed the incidence of infection after one-stage aseptic revision hip reconstruction utilizing acetabular and/or femoral vancomycin-impregnated impacted bone allograft and a THA fixed with cement containing no antibiotic. We hypothesized that the infection rate may be similar to that reported in the literature following traditional impaction grafting using antibiotic loaded cement. Seventy five consecutive patients (80 hips) with a preoperative Merle D'Aubigné and Postel functional score averaging 4.8 points were followed up for a mean of 36 months (range 24 - 59 months). The incidence of infection was 1.25% (CI 95%=96.26-100%). A deep infection (thought to be haematognous in origin) occurred in 1 patient 2 years after the index surgery. The average postoperative Merle D´Aubigne score was 16.2 points. The last radiographic evaluation demonstrated a less than 5 mm acetabular migration and a less than 5 mm femoral subsidence in all cases. Vancomycin-supplemented allografts restored bone stock and provided sound fixation with a low incidence of infection. This incidence of deep sepsis is similar to that reported with antibiotic-loaded PMMA but without the reported mechanical and pharmacological disadvantages.
Prevention of Chloroquine-lnduced Electroretinographic Damage by a New Platelet-Activating Factor Antagonist, BN 50730 (1993)

Chloroquine retinopathy is a severe toxic retinal impairment which may result in loss of vision by alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Currently, there is no specific treatment for this retinopathy. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is known to modulate retinal function and is one of the major immunomediators of the retina. In order to test the possible involvement of PAF in chloroquine-induced retinopathy and the effectiveness of PAF antagonists in the prevention of this condition, we investigated the effects of BN 50730, a specific PAF antagonist, on the electroretinogram (ERG) of the isolated rat retina exposed to chloroquine. When retinas from normal rats were perfused with chloroquine (10(-6) M), a marked and rapid decrease in b-wave amplitude was observed. In contrast, chloroquine had no effect on the b-wave of the retina isolated from animals pretreated with the PAF antagonist BN 50730 (30 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 5 days). The results obtained indicate that (i) chloroquine is a toxic drug for retinal function, (ii) PAF plays a key role in the mediation of chloroquine retinopathy and (iii) PAF antagonists may constitute valuable agents for the treatment of this retinal impairment.
Scalable policy management for ad hoc networks (2005)

The characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks (commonly called MANETs) are sufficiently different from commercial wireline networks to have generated a great deal of work in alternate management paradigms. The task of managing MANETs involves frequent reconfiguration, due to node mobility and consequently dynamically changing network topology. Network nodes often have limited battery power and storage capacity, and wireless radio link capacity and quality varies dynamically based on environmental conditions (weather, terrain, foliage, etc.). These differences have resulted in a need for paradigms particularly suited for managing MANETs. In this paper, we describe a distributed, hierarchical management system that implements policy-based control of a MANET. Policies are used to enable flexible composition of diverse management actions based on network conditions and external events. A policy conflict detection mechanism based on event calculus is used to detect certain types of policy conflicts. The rapidly changing network topology and link characteristics typical of a MANET are managed by an adaptive, self-forming hierarchy of policy agents that implement the appropriate management actions based on their management role. The system described in this paper has been prototyped and demonstrated in a laboratory environment.
Conditional Infilling GANs for Data Augmentation in Mammogram Classification (2018)

Deep learning approaches to breast cancer detection in mammograms have recently shown promising results. However, such models are constrained by the limited size of publicly available mammography datasets, in large part due to privacy concerns and the high cost of generating expert annotations. Limited dataset size is further exacerbated by substantial class imbalance since "normal" images dramatically outnumber those with findings. Given the rapid progress of generative models in synthesizing realistic images, and the known effectiveness of simple data augmentation techniques (e.g. horizontal flipping), we ask if it is possible to synthetically augment mammogram datasets using generative adversarial networks (GANs). We train a class-conditional GAN to perform contextual in-filling, which we then use to synthesize lesions onto healthy screening mammograms. First, we show that GANs are capable of generating high-resolution synthetic mammogram patches. Next, we experimentally evaluate using the augmented dataset to improve breast cancer classification performance. We observe that a ResNet-50 classifier trained with GAN-augmented training data produces a higher AUROC compared to the same model trained only on traditionally augmented data, demonstrating the potential of our approach.
Application of Buck Zero-Current-Switching Pulse-Width-Modulated Converter in Battery Chargers (2007)

This paper applies a buck zero-current-switching pulse-width-modulated converter in battery chargers to achieve low switching losses, high charging efficiency and small circuit volume. The developed novel battery charger circuit has the advantages of the hard-switching and resonant converters with constant-frequency control, lowered resonant time and the operation of all switching components under the zero-current-switching condition. Practical experimental results demonstrate the theoretical effectiveness of the developed charging circuit. A practical mean charging efficiency of over 90% is attained and the developed circuit is awfully fit for high-frequency operations.
Homochiral Metal-Organic Materials: Design, Synthetic and Enantioseletive Separation (2014)

Owing to the growing demand for enantiopurity in biological and chemical processes, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of homochiral metal-organic materials (MOMs) because of their potential applications in chiral separation and asymmetric catalysis. In this dissertation, the synthetic strategies for homochiral MOMs are discussed keeping the focus on their applications. Two distinct approaches have been taken to synthesize chiral structures with different topologies and accessible cavities. The chiral MOMs have been utilized in enantioselective separation of racemates.\nChiral variants of the prototypal metal-organic framework MOF-5, δ-CMOF-5 and [lambda]-CMOF-5, have been synthesized by preparing MOF-5 in the presence of L-proline or D-proline, respectively. CMOF-5 crystallizes in chiral space group P213 instead of Fm-3m as exhibited by MOF-5. The phase purity of CMOF-5 was validated by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, TGA, N2 adsorption, microanalysis and solid-state CD. CMOF-5 undergoes a reversible single crystal to single crystal phase change to MOF-5 when immersed in a variety of organic solvents although N-methyl-2-pyrolidone, NMP, does not induce loss of chirality. Indeed, MOF-5 undergoes chiral induction when immersed in NMP, affording racemic CMOF-5.\nA pair of homochiral network materials (CNMs), [Co2(S-man)2(bpy)3](NO3)2·guests (1S) and [Co2(R-man)2(bpy)3](NO3)2·guests (1R) based upon S-mendelic acid and R-mendelic acid were synthesized and characterized, respectively. The cationic networks contain 1D homochiral channels with the cross section of 8.0 Å × 8.0 Å. The chiral amphiphilic channel surfaces lined with hydrophilic nitrate anions and hydrophobic phenyl groups are capable for multiple interactions with guest species. Chiral resolution of 1-phenyl-1-propanol (PP) enantiomers was performed utilizing the homochiral porosity of 1S and 1R through different time period at different temperatures with/without additives. The mechanism for enantioselective separation of PP was fully investigated through single crystal structural analysis of guest exchanged 1S and 1R. Chiral resolution of PP revealed enhanced performance with additive, which can significantly improve the ee value from 32% to 60%.
Determination of Inductive and Capacitive Unbalance for Untransposed Transmission Lines [includes discussion] (1952)

The purpose of this paper is to present a method for the determination of inductive and capacitive unbalance for untransposed transmission lines. To accomplish this purpose, the conventional methods of symmetrical components are used. It is shown that the negative and zero-sequence currents in an untransposed line are functions of the positive-sequence load current, charging current, and line configuration. Calculated values of negative- and zero-sequence currents for typical configurations of high-voltage transmission lines are presented.
Detection of Moving Objects with Non-stationary Cameras in 5.8ms: Bringing Motion Detection to Your Mobile Device (2013)

Detecting moving objects on mobile cameras in real-time is a challenging problem due to the computational limits and the motions of the camera. In this paper, we propose a method for moving object detection on non-stationary cameras running within 5.8 milliseconds (ms) on a PC, and real-time on mobile devices. To achieve real time capability with satisfying performance, the proposed method models the background through dual-mode single Gaussian model (SGM) with age and compensates the motion of the camera by mixing neighboring models. Modeling through dual-mode SGM prevents the background model from being contaminated by foreground pixels, while still allowing the model to be able to adapt to changes of the background. Mixing neighboring models reduces the errors arising from motion compensation and their influences are further reduced by keeping the age of the model. Also, to decrease computation load, the proposed method applies one dual-mode SGM to multiple pixels without performance degradation. Experimental results show the computational lightness and the real-time capability of our method on a smart phone with robust detection performances.
Combining Lightly-Supervised Text Classification Models for Accurate Contextual Advertising (2017)

In this paper we propose a lightly-supervised framework to rapidly build text classifiers for contextual advertising. Traditionally text classification techniques require labeled training documents for each predefined class. In the scenario of contextual advertising, advertisers often want to target to a specific class of webpages most relevant to their product or service, which may not be covered by a pre-trained classifier. Moreover, the advertisers are interested in whether a webpage is “relevant” or “irrelevant”. It is time-consuming to solicit the advertisers for reliable training signals for the negative class. Therefore, it is more suitable to model the problem as a one-class classification problem, in contrast to traditional classification problems where disjoint classes are defined a priori. We first apply two state-of-the-art lightly-supervised classification models, generalized expectation (GE) criteria (Druck et al., 2008) and multinomial naive Bayes (MNB) with priors (Settles, 2011) to one-class classification where the user only needs to provide a small list of labeled words for the target class. To combine the strengths of the two models, we fuse them together by using MNB to automatically enrich the constraints for GE training. We also explore ensemble method to combine classifiers. On a corpus of webpages from real-time bidding requests, the proposed model achieves the highest average F1 of 0.69 and closes more than half of the gap between previous state-of-the-art lightly-supervised models to a fully-supervised MaxEnt model.
Evaluation of MOS devices as mechanical stress sensors (2002)

The influence of mechanical stress on metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices has been studied and analyzed for their applicability as in-situ sensors that are capable of measuring packaging induced and/or externally applied stress. Either compressive or tensile stress would alter the electrical characteristics of MOS devices in a regular pattern and that can be explained by substrate piezoresistivity. The regularity of electrical parameter variation of MOSFETs and the high sensitivity in correspondence with mechanical stress have made them very attractive as stress sensors since they may provide accurate and localized stress-state measurements. Through careful analysis, appropriate MOSFET-based sensors may be designed for proper on-site stress measurement in packaging and other stress detection applications. In addition, the mechanical stress also cause MOS devices to exhibit shorter lifetime that can be attributed to the occurrence of stress-induced charge-trapping sites in gate oxide. For MOSFETs utilized as stress sensors, the reliability issue related to mechanical stress has to be accounted and certain modification of stress-state extraction procedure will be needed to maintain valid stress measurement.
SCALABLE SYNTHESES OF<i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-BENZYLOXYCARBONYL-<i>l</i>-ORNITHINE AND OF<i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(9-FLUORENYLMETHOXY)CARBONYL-<i>l</i>-ORNITHINEE (2002)

(2002). SCALABLE SYNTHESES OF N α-BENZYLOXYCARBONYL-l-ORNITHINE AND OF N α-(9-FLUORENYLMETHOXY)CARBONYL-l-ORNITHINEE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 531-537.
The Electrodeposition and Properties of Amorphous Chromium Films Prepared from Chromic Acid Solutions (1986)

The addition of organic compounds containing a or group such as formamide, formaldehyde, glyoxal or formic acid to a chromium electroplating bath results in a chromium deposit which has greatly improved properties compared to conventional chromium deposits. These layers have fewer defects, and the as‐deposited, amorphous layers have a Vicker's hardness of about 1000, which is comparable to that of conventional chromium plating deposits. With annealing in air, the hardness goes through a maximum of about 1700 at 500°–600°C, while the hardness of a conventional plating decreases monotonically from 1000 to 400, with annealing from 200° to 800°C. X‐ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis show that annealing up to about 600°C causes formation and growth of chromium crystallites and that chromium carbides form above this temperature. These layers are also more resistive to corrosion by hydrochloric acid than conventional chromium layers.