gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF SAMPLE SIZE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE YIELDING ABILITY OF SPACE-PLANTED AND SOLID-SEEDED BARLEY CULTIVARS (1978)

The yield of 12 spring barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L. and H. distichum L.) was tested under 61-cm grid, space-planted conditions and solid-seeded conditions in 1970 at two locations in Northern Alberta. A sample size of 10–20 plants was necessary to give consistent yield estimates for space-planted cultivars. Heritable differences for yield were ground in all tests, but a significant relationship between yielding ability under the two testing methods was found only at one location.
Sieve: A Tool for Automatically Detecting Variations Across Program Versions (2006)

Software systems often undergo many revisions during their lifetime as new features are added, bugs repaired, abstractions simplified and refactored, and performance improved. When a revision, even a minor one, does occur, the changes it induces must be tested to ensure that invariants assumed in the original version are not violated unintentionally. In order to avoid testing components that are unchanged across revisions, impact analysis is often used to identify code blocks or functions that are affected by a change. In this paper, we present a novel solution to this general problem that uses dynamic programming on instrumented traces of different program binaries to identify longest common subsequences in strings generated by these traces. Our formulation allows us to perform impact analysis and also to detect the smallest set of locations within the functions where the effect of the changes actually manifests itself. Sieve is a tool that incorporates these ideas. Sieve is unobtrusive, requiring no programmer or compiler intervention to guide its behavior. Our experiments on multiple versions of op ensource C programs shows that Sieve is an effective and scalable tool to identify impact sets and can locate regions in the affected functions where the changes manifest. These results lead us to conclude that Sieve can play a beneficial role in program testing and software maintenance
The effects of disulfide bonds on the denatured state of barnase (2000)

The effects of engineered disulfide bonds on protein stability are poorly understood because they can influence the structure, dynamics, and energetics of both the native and denatured states. To explore the effects of two engineered disulfide bonds on the stability of barnase, we have conducted a combined molecular dynamics and NMR study of the denatured state of the two mutants. As expected, the disulfide bonds constrain the denatured state. However, specific extended beta-sheet structure can also be detected in one of the mutant proteins. This mutant is also more stable than would be predicted. Our study suggests a possible cause of the very high stability conferred by this disulfide bond: the wild-type denatured ensemble is stabilized by a nonnative hydrophobic cluster, which is constrained from occurring in the mutant due to the formation of secondary structure.
Distilled One-Shot Federated Learning (2020)

Current federated learning algorithms take tens of communication rounds transmitting unwieldy model weights under ideal circumstances and hundreds when data is poorly distributed. Inspired by recent work on dataset distillation and distributed one-shot learning, we propose Distilled One-Shot Federated Learning (DOSFL) to significantly reduce the communication cost while achieving comparable performance. In just one round, each client distills their private dataset, sends the synthetic data (e.g. images or sentences) to the server, and collectively trains a global model. The distilled data look like noise and are only useful to the specific model weights, i.e., become useless after the model updates. With this weight-less and gradient-less design, the total communication cost of DOSFL is up to three orders of magnitude less than FedAvg while preserving between 93% to 99% performance of a centralized counterpart. Afterwards, clients could switch to traditional methods such as FedAvg to finetune the last few percent to fit personalized local models with local datasets. Through comprehensive experiments, we show the accuracy and communication performance of DOSFL on both vision and language tasks with different models including CNN, LSTM, Transformer, etc. We demonstrate that an eavesdropping attacker cannot properly train a good model using the leaked distilled data, without knowing the initial model weights. DOSFL serves as an inexpensive method to quickly converge on a performant pre-trained model with less than 0.1% communication cost of traditional methods.
SciSpark: Applying in-memory distributed computing to weather event detection and tracking (2015)

In this paper we present SciSpark, a Big Data framework that extends Apache™ Spark for scaling scientific computations. The paper details the initial architecture and design of SciSpark. We demonstrate how SciSpark achieves parallel ingesting and partitioning of earth science satellite and model datasets. We also illustrate the usability and extensibility of SciSpark by implementing aspects of the Grab 'em Tag 'em Graph 'em (GTG) algorithm using SciSpark and its Map Reduce capabilities. GTG is a topical automated method for identifying and tracking Mesoscale Convective Complexes in satellite infrared datasets.
Suppression by 1-β- <scp>d</scp> -Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Carboxamide (Virazole, ICN 1229) of Influenza Virus-Induced Infections in Mice (1973)

1-beta-d-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (Virazole) was found to possess significant antiviral activity against aerosol-induced or intranasally induced influenza A(0), A(2), and B virus infections in mice. Significant protection was achieved by both oral and intraperitoneal routes of administration. Depending upon the level of virus infection, antiviral activity was best observed at the daily dose of 75 mg/kg. The efficacy of the compound was evidenced by an increase in survivor number, prolongation of mean survival time, suppression of lung consolidation, or decrease in hemagglutinin titer in the infected lung samples. The therapeutic value of this synthetic triazole nucleoside was evident as noted by a significant increase in survivor number even if the treatment was started as late as 24 h after infection with an aerosol of influenza A(2) virus.
WIRELESS APPLICATIONS FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (1996)

This article looks at the growing trend in wireless applications for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The author points out that the ITS standards specifications are almost 100% complete and that the fiscal year 1996 budget allocations include wireless electronic registration of commercial vehicles, real-time tracking and management of vehicle fleets, and customer service terminals for public transit.
Cardiac Screening for Pregnant Intravenous Drug Abusers (1990)

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Actions of aminopyridines on guinea-pig ileum. (1978)

Gas-dynamic and qualitative thermal structure of lean methane-air flames propagating upward in a standard flammability tube has been experimentally investigated at near-limit concentrations. Local burning velocity related to the cold and hot flame boundaries, and stretch rates have been measured along studied flames. The measured stretch rate attains its maximum value at the flame tip. It was experimentally found that flame temperature is minimum at the flame tip, which agrees with the observation that flame extinction starts from the leading point, but cannot be explained by the combined effect of stretch rate and preferential diffusion. In the coordinate system moving with the flame, a zone of stagnation of combustion products was observed in limit flame near its tip, while at higher methane concentrations stagnation zone does not exist. This observation suggests that limit flame extinction behavior is connected with the formation of the stagnation zone: leading edge of the flame can be cooled by heat conduction to the stagnation zone, which rises upward together with flame and is effectively cooled due to radiation heat loss. Simplified analysis of this effect in a single stretched flame is carried out in terms of coupling radiation losses with local stretch rate. It was found that flame is accompanied by a rising upward combustion products flow, resembling a hot bubble and located about 35 cm downstream of the flame.
Janus-Type Dendromesogens: A Tool to Control the Nanosegregation and Polar Organization of Bent-Core Structures (2012)

Several first- or second-generation Janus-type codendrimers that combine promesogenic bent-core and rodlike molecular segments have been synthesized by the versatile CuAAC reaction and the materials have been characterized by POM, DSC, XRD, and SHG studies. Depending on the ratio between the number of rod- and bent-core units, these compounds form mesophases ranging from nematic to a complex polar smectic mesophase in which the two types of mesogenic moieties are segregated on a nanometric scale. In the case of a 1:1 bent/rod ratio, the materials form ferroelectric mesophases and the macroscopic polarization is stable in the absence of an applied electric field. The appearance of the different mesophases is explained in terms of the relative values of the transverse areas of the mesogenic cores.
Newly identified helper bacteria stimulate ectomycorrhizal formation in Populus (2014)

Mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) are known to increase host root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi but the molecular mechanisms and potential tripartite interactions are poorly understood. Through an effort to study Populus microbiome, we isolated 21 Pseudomonas strains from native Populus deltoides roots. These bacterial isolates were characterized and screened for MHB effectiveness on the Populus-Laccaria system. Two additional Pseudomonas strains (i.e., Pf-5 and BBc6R8) from existing collections were included for comparative purposes. We analyzed the effect of co-cultivation of these 23 individual Pseudomonas strains on Laccaria bicolor "S238N" growth rate, mycelial architecture and transcriptional changes. Nineteen of the 23 Pseudomonas strains tested had positive effects on L. bicolor S238N growth, as well as on mycelial architecture, with strains GM41 and GM18 having the most significant effect. Four of seven L. bicolor reporter genes, Tra1, Tectonin2, Gcn5, and Cipc1, thought to be regulated during the interaction with MHB strain BBc6R8, were induced or repressed, while interacting with Pseudomonas strains GM17, GM33, GM41, GM48, Pf-5, and BBc6R8. Strain GM41 promoted the highest roots colonization across three Populus species but most notably in P. deltoides, which is otherwise poorly colonized by L. bicolor. Here we report novel MHB strains isolated from native Populus that improve L. bicolor root colonization on Populus. This tripartite relationship could be exploited for Populus species/genotypes nursery production as a means of improving establishment and survival in marginal lands.
Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from arthropods Collected in Texas (1991)

The Texas Department of Health Laboratory cultured arthropods from November 1988 through December 1989 in an attempt to isolate Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease. Spirochetes were isolated from eight of 1,093 pools of arthropods cultured. The spirochetal isolates were from several tick and one flea species, including Amblyomma americanum, A. maculatum, Ixodes scapularis, and Ctenocephalides felis. These 8 isolates reacted specifically when treated with monoclonal antibodies to B. burgdorferi. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of six lysates showed them to be virtually identical with strain B31 of B. burgdorferi.
Towards a low‐cost high‐quality carbon‐nanotube field‐emission display (2004)

Abstract— We have developed field‐emission‐display technology driven by chemical‐vapor‐deposition‐grown carbon‐nanotube emitters incorporated in a simple, low‐cost device structure. Here, we report on frit‐sealed test displays with a brightness of 3000 cd/m 2 at 3 kV and a lifetime of 9000 hours with only 45% degradation. We also demonstrate the scalability of the technology with a uniform high‐brightness 6‐in. QVGA that displays video images with a switching voltage of 40 V.
Long‐term carcinogenicity and toxicity studies of patulin in the rat (1981)

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of Penicillium and Aspergillus species which are likely natural contaminants of various foods. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of lifetime administration of patulin in FDRL Wistar rats. Animals received patulin by gastric intubation three times per week at the level of 0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 mg per kg body weight. The animals used in this lifetime study were derived from F0 parents exposed to equivalent levels of patulin for 4 weeks before mating, and throughout mating, gestation and lactation. Patulin treatment at 0.5 and 1.5 mg kg-1 to male rats caused a significant decrease in body weight gain in comparison to controls. Body weights of treated female rats were similar to that of control rats. No consistent significant differences among groups were noted in the hematology, clinical chemistry or urine analysis parameters measured during or at the termination of the study. Patulin administered to male and female rats at 1.5 mg kg-1 caused a significantly increased mortality rate as compared to respective control animals. The cause of death appeared to be increased pulmonary and laryngotracheal inflammation. No tumorigenic effect of patulin was observed.
Socially aware motion planning with deep reinforcement learning (2017)

For robotic vehicles to navigate safely and efficiently in pedestrian-rich environments, it is important to model subtle human behaviors and navigation rules (e.g., passing on the right). However, while instinctive to humans, socially compliant navigation is still difficult to quantify due to the stochasticity in people's behaviors. Existing works are mostly focused on using feature-matching techniques to describe and imitate human paths, but often do not generalize well since the feature values can vary from person to person, and even run to run. This work notes that while it is challenging to directly specify the details of what to do (precise mechanisms of human navigation), it is straightforward to specify what not to do (violations of social norms). Specifically, using deep reinforcement learning, this work develops a time-efficient navigation policy that respects common social norms. The proposed method is shown to enable fully autonomous navigation of a robotic vehicle moving at human walking speed in an environment with many pedestrians.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Apoptosis by an Apoptosome-dependent but Caspase 12-independent Mechanism (2005)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cellular site of polypeptide folding and modification. When these processes are hampered, an unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. If the damage is too broad, the mammalian UPR launches the apoptotic program. As a consequence, mobilization of ER calcium stores sensitizes mitochondria to direct proapoptotic stimuli. We make use of a mouse Apaf1-deficient cell system of proneural origin to understand the roles played in this context by the apoptosome, the most studied apoptotic machinery along the mitochondrial pathway of death. We show here that in the absence of the apoptosome ER stress induces cytochrome c release from the mitochondria but that apoptosis cannot occur. Under these circumstances, Grp78/BiP and GADD153/CHOP, both hallmarks of UPR, are canonically up-regulated, and calcium is properly released from ER stores. We also demonstrate that caspase 12, a protease until now believed to play a central role in the initiation of ER stress-induced cell death in the mouse system, is dispensable for the mitochondrial pathway of death to take place.
Synthesis of broadband microwave transistor amplifiers (1971)

The design of broadband microwave transistor amplifiers is discussed in terms of direct synthesis of distributed commensurate matching networks. Examples are given for both single-stage and 2-stage amplifiers, using ladder networks realisable in stripline form.
Slicing of silicon into sheet material. Final report, January 9, 1976-September 30, 1979 (1979)

Complete results, from raw data to interpretation to recommendations, of a program to investigate the use of multiblade slurry sawing to produce silicon wafers from ingots are presented. During the course of this program, the commercially available state of the art process was improved by 20% in terms of area of silicon wafers produced from an ingot. The process was improved 34% on an experimental basis. Production of 20 wafers per centimeter length of 100 mm diameter ingot is now possible on a production basis. Economic analyses presented show that further improvements are necessary to approach the desired wafer costs, mostly reduction in expendable materials costs. Tests which indicate that such reduction is possble are included, although demonstration of such reduction was not completed. A new, large capacity saw was designed and tested. Performance comparable with current equipment (in terms of number of wafers/cm) was demonstrated. Improved performance was partially demonstrated, but problems (both mechanical and of unknown origin) precluded full demonstration of improved performance.
Constrained Clustering and Its Application to Face Clustering in Videos (2013)

In this paper, we focus on face clustering in videos. Given the detected faces from real-world videos, we partition all faces into K disjoint clusters. Different from clustering on a collection of facial images, the faces from videos are organized as face tracks and the frame index of each face is also provided. As a result, many pair wise constraints between faces can be easily obtained from the temporal and spatial knowledge of the face tracks. These constraints can be effectively incorporated into a generative clustering model based on the Hidden Markov Random Fields (HMRFs). Within the HMRF model, the pair wise constraints are augmented by label-level and constraint-level local smoothness to guide the clustering process. The parameters for both the unary and the pair wise potential functions are learned by the simulated field algorithm, and the weights of constraints can be easily adjusted. We further introduce an efficient clustering framework specially for face clustering in videos, considering that faces in adjacent frames of the same face track are very similar. The framework is applicable to other clustering algorithms to significantly reduce the computational cost. Experiments on two face data sets from real-world videos demonstrate the significantly improved performance of our algorithm over state-of-the art algorithms.
Is Acne vulgaris a Genuine Inflammatory Disease? (2001)

Bacterial hypercolonization of the sebaceous follicle, especially with Propionibacterium acnes, has been considered as a major causative factor for acne vulgaris [1, 2]. In addition, it is widely accepted that inflammation in acne may be mainly mediated by an immunological reaction to extracellular products of P. acnes, such as sebum free fatty acids which are proposed to be products of triglyceride metabolism induced by follicular bacteria [1–3]. However, it is by no means clear that either bacteria or their products initiate follicular inflammation. P. acnes is found both in acne and normal pilosebaceous units [4]; therefore, its role in acne cannot be explained by its presence in the follicle. In addition, the number of follicular bacteria on untreated skin of acne patients does not correlate with the grade of severity of acne [1]; high numbers of follicular bacteria have also been found in individuals without acne.
Natural communication with robots (1994)

We have developed a system which mediates between an unmodified reactive mobile robot architecture and human natural language I/O. We introduce reactive-odometric plans and demonstrate their use in plan execution, plan recognition, and learning to associate human terms with perceptually unremarkable locations in the environment. The communication component of our architecture supports typewritten natural language discourse with people. It lets users name places either immediately or in relation to other known places, ask questions about the robot’s plans and the spatial relationships of known places, and give the robot short and long term goals. This thesis presents results obtained with our implementation of this architecture on a physical mobile robot system designed by[Connell, 1992a] and in simulation. These results reflect experiments performed by the author and
Chain confinement promotes β-phase formation in polyfluorene-based photoluminescent ionogels (2012)

The synthesis of photoluminescent conjugated polymer silica ionogels using sol-gel chemistry is described. Cooperative self-assembly of an ionic liquid, the silica precursor and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) via hydrogen bonding and π-stacking interactions drives formation of the PFO β-phase.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF BIS(CYCLOPROPYLPHENYL)CYCLOPENONES AND THE TRIS(P‐CYCLOPROPYLPHENYL)CYCLOPROPENIUM ION (1979)

Abstract Das aus Tetrachlorcyclopropen (I) und AlCl 3 gebildete Salz C3CläAlClz setzt sich mit Cyclopropylbenzol zu den isomere Cyclopropenonen (II), (III) und (IV) um.
La tradition manuscrite des Argonautiques orphiques (1980)

Classement et établissement du stemma des cinquante-trois manuscrits des Arg. orph. Tous les manuscrits sont issus d'un ancêtre commun perdu Ψ, le fameux Corpus hymnologique qui a conservé les Hymnes homériques, ceux de Gallimaque, les Hymnes orphiques et ceux de Proclos. Un premier groupe remonte directement à Ψ et permet d'assister à sa progressive dégradation au cours du XVe siècle ; à ce groupe, il faut joindre le Laur. Conv. Soppr. 4, le plus ancien de tous (vers 1388), issu d'un proche parent de Ψ. La deuxième famille, dont l'existence a été reconnue par G. Hermann, descend d'un prototype de la première moitié du XVe siècle ; elle se caractérise par de très nombreuses conjectures (notamment celles qui éliminent vingt et un oí « orphiques »). La troisième famille, plus récente, a pour premier témoin le Matrit. 4562 (Milan, 1464) copié par Constantin Lascaris. Elle comporte trois groupes principaux : ateliers de C. Lascaris et de Georges Valla, atelier crétois d'Antoine Damilas (fin du XVe siècle), atelier de Georges et Demetrios Moschos (début du XVIe siècle). Ces manuscrits pratiquent largement la diorthose et la contamination (notamment ceux du groupe moschien où le procédé devient systématique). Les manuscrits qui ont été jusqu'ici considérés comme optimi, voire vetustissimi, comptent parmi les plus récents de cette troisième famille et il n'y a plus lieu de les prendre en considération pour l'établissement du texte.
Anatomical object volumes from deformable B-spline surface models (2002)

Accurate delineation of anatomical objects in 3D volumetric data is a significant problem in medical imaging. The authors have built a system that takes as input a spatial stack of 2D image slices being studied. The output of the system is a smooth 3D surface delineating the medical structure of interest, and the volume enclosed by the 3D surface. This paper presents a new method to represent a 3D anatomical object by a deformable B-spline tube, that facilitates the calculation of the volume enclosed based on a closed-form volume calculation formula. In order to validate the deformable B-spline surface fitting and associated volume calculation, 19 simulated 3D images were considered and theoretical volumes were compared with volumes produced by the authors' system. The errors were less than 4.9%.