gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of laminin receptor mRNA in human cancer cell lines and colorectal tissues by in situ hybridization. (1992)

The 67-kd high-affinity laminin receptor (67 LR) is a gene product whose expression appears to be associated with the invasive and metastatic phenotype of a variety of human cancer cells. Northern blot hybridization has been routinely used to quantify the level of 67 LR mRNA from total cellular RNA extracts of homogenized tissue specimens or in vitro grown cell populations. This technique is useful to assess the average expression of the 67 LR mRNA of a particular sample but does not provide information about expression in specific cell types nor about heterogeneity of expression from cell to cell. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 67 LR mRNA in four human cancer cell lines with varying degrees of expression of 67 LR protein (renal cancer A-704, breast carcinoma MCF-7/4 and MCF-7/7, and pancreatic cancer Panc-1) using in situ hybridization performed with 67 LR riboprobes. Total cellular RNA was simultaneously extracted from the cell lines and hybridized on Northern blots with a 67 LR cDNA probe to assess the validity of the mRNA detection by in situ hybridization. Sixty-seven LR mRNA expression was higher in Panc-1 and MCF-7/4 cells than in MCF-7/7 and renal carcinoma A-704. There was a direct correlation (R2 = 0.88) between the in situ hybridization analysis and the mRNA levels detected by Northern blot analysis. The in situ hybridization method showed a heterogeneous expression of the 67 LR mRNA in the four cell lines with different subpopulations of cells showing a range from negative to high levels of the message. Sixteen freshly frozen human colorectal tissues (seven adenocarcinomas, five matched normal mucosae, and four adenomas) were also analyzed by in situ hybridization. The 67 LR mRNA was localized in normal and neoplastic epithelial cells. Adenocarcinoma cells showed a 1.6- to 5-fold higher expression (P < 0.02 according to the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) than did epithelial colonic cells from normal mucosae or adenomas. The signal tended to be stronger in poorly differentiated carcinomas and carcinomas with metastases than in moderately differentiated and nonmetastatic tumors. We conclude that the high expression of 67 LR mRNA in colorectal tumors is due to an increased production by tumor cells. Furthermore, in situ hybridization is an effective method to detect the expression of LR mRNA in cultured cell lines as well as in frozen tissue sections.
Reading mathematics (2009)

Obviously you can read and probably you have been taught reading skills for academic purposes as part of a study skills course. Unfortunately, mathematics has some special subtleties which often get missed in classes or books on how to study. For example, speed reading is recommended as a valuable tool for learning in many subjects. In mathematics, however, this is not a good method. Mathematics is rarely overwritten; there are few superfluous adjectives, every word and symbol is important and their omission would render the material incomprehensible or incorrect.
Design and Realization of an Optimized Memory Access Scheduler (2010)

Memory Wall is a bottleneck of enhancing the performance of computer system, and appearance of multiprocessors (CMPs) makes it more. How to reduce Memory Access Latency is a critical issue we have to deal with. Memory controller is difficult to optimize, the controller needs to obey all DRAM timing constraints to provide correct functionality. State-of -the-art DDR2 SDRAM chips often have a large number of timing constraints that must be obeyed when scheduling commands, for instance, over 50 timing constrains. We have made deep research on optimized memory access scheduling. In order to efficiently utilize the bandwidth and reduce the latency, Memory Access Scheduling optimization adapts the characters of DRAM to reschedule the memory access. By studying effective data bar which is generated by Genetic Algorithm, we mine four rules. So we just use these four rules to schedule in Memory Access Controller. The results of experiment show that compared with FR-FCFS (first-ready first-come first-serve) scheduling strategy, the rule based algorithm improves the performance of scheduling and the ideal speedup is near 1.5 times. The best speedup of the test of spec2000 is 1.467, and the worst speedup is 1.078.
Total Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Commercially Available Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) in Argentina (2008)

Tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae) is cultivated in Argentina in the northeastern region (provinces of Misiones and Corrientes), between 26 degrees and 28 degrees south latitude, the southernmost area of the world where tea is cultivated. The objective of this work was to determine the total polyphenol content and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of green and black tea cultivated and industrialized in Argentina. Twelve samples of eight brands were analyzed. The total polyphenol content was determined according to the International Organization for Standardization method (ISO) 14502-1 for the determination of substances characteristic of green and black tea. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the ferric thiocyanate method (FTC) and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging assay. Green tea showed a higher polyphenol content than black tea. The total polyphenol concentration in green tea was found to vary from 21.02 +/- 1.54 to 14.32 +/- 0.45% of gallic acid equivalents (GAE), whereas in black tea, the polyphenol content ranged from 17.62 +/- 0.42 to 8.42 +/- 0.55% of GAE (P < 0.05). A similar profile was observed for the antioxidant capacity determined by both methods. The antioxidant activities were well correlated with the total polyphenol content (r (2) = 0.9935 for the ferric thiocyanate method and r (2) = 0.9141 for the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging assay). This is the first systematic screening for the quantification of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in tea commercialized in Argentine markets. The results obtained herein allow one to conclude that Argentine tea is of very good quality when compared to teas from other sources.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): where are we now and where are we going? (2002)

Although non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was considered relatively uncommon prior to the middle of the last decade, over the past three years there has been an explosion of studies on various aspects of NASH with one study reporting that after hepatitis C, NASH was the most common diagnosis in patients presenting largely with persistent abnormalities of liver function tests. The field of NASH has come a long way in a relatively short space of time. This article considers advances in knowledge that have arisen as a result of these studies and highlights areas for further work.
19세기 경상도의 유교전통과 민족종교 동학 -동학 내의 "유교" 재평가를 겸해서- (2015)

이 논문은 19세기 경상도의 유교전통과 민족종교 동학의 관련성을 논하는 것이다. 여기서 말하는 ‘관련성’이란 동학의 형성에 유교전통이 어떻게 관여하는가, 그리고 동학의 흥기 이후 전개되는 과정에 유교전통 혹은 유교사회라는 제도권력이 얼마만큼 장애요인으로 작용하는가의 문제를 말한다. 유교가 동학에 관여한 방식은 다각도로 논의할 수 있다. 동학에서 유교가 차지하는 위치를, 혹자는 ‘융합의 밑거름’으로 혼합되었다 하고, 혹자는 ‘온존하나, 주체적인 내면화・자각화・실천화의 기법으로 응용’되었다 하고, 혹자는 ‘압도적인 위치를 차지하나 제3의 입장에서 자유자재로 취사선택하고 활용하였다’고 보았다. 마지막으로 한 가지 더 들 수 있는 것은 ‘풍류도통론(風流道統論)에 근거한 동학 이해로서 이미 신라 및 고대시기부터 유불도가 이미 융합되어 있는(包含三敎) 풍류도가 동학의 형태로 재생한 것(이것을 ｢神道盛時精神의 奇蹟的 復活｣・｢國風의 再生｣ 등으로 표현) 뿐이라고 보기도 한다. 요약하자면 이 될 것이다. 동학이 태동하는 19세기 조선은 서세동점(西勢東漸)으로 인해 화이론에 철저했던 조선시대유교 지식인들을 번민에 시달리게 했다. 원래 유교가 내외합일(內外合一)・내성외왕(內聖外王)・성기성물(成己成物)의 ‘긴장’이나 번민・우환의식・안빈낙도(安貧樂道)・불온(不慍)의 마음 등의 르상티망에서 출발하여 현실을 이겨내는 스킬과 매뉴얼을 확보하려했듯이, 조선의 유교지식인들은 일단 존왕양이적(尊王攘夷的) 척사위정운동(斥邪衛正運動)을 일으키는 방식으로 마음의 평온을 지켜가려고 한다. 19세기 중반 이후 서양세력의 침투에 대응하여 조선에서는 대내적으로 매우 수구적인 움직임을 보이고, 대외적으로는 서양과 일본의 정치적 경제적 침략을 규탄한다. 이 가운데 특히 배일사상(排日思想)이 고취가 두드러진다. 19세기 중반 이후 조선에서 일어나는, 외세에 대한 주요 반응은 대개 다음 네 가지라고 할 수 있다: ①척사위정사상, ②개화사상, ③동도서기론, ④동학사상. 이 가운데 동학은 유불도의 전통사상을 바탕으로 하면서 밖으로는 천주교를 극복하고, 안으로는 봉건사회를 벗어나 자주・평등의식을 고취하고 전개하였다. 경상도 지방의 영남학파 유생들의 상소와 격문에서 동학을 전통유학의 가치를 교란하고 허물어버리는 좌도(左道)로 규정하고 동학농민군을 집권체제, 양반지배층에 대한 심각한 반역의 무리로 이해하였다. 이에 대한 유생들의 대응책은 다양하게 나타났다. 이것은 다음 세 가지로 요약할 수 있다: ①서원의 복설(復設), ②정치적 개혁, ③오가작통제(五家作統制) 실시. 그러나 대부분의 양반 유생들은 ‘①서원의 복설(復設)’이라는 소극적 대응책으로 일관하였다. 반면에 동학농민군에 대한 경상도 각 지역의 진압 사례(안의, 거창, 예천, 상주, 김천, 성주, 안동, 의성 지역)를 보면, 재지적 기반이 공고한 보수적 유생들의 탄압과 보복은 적극적이고 철저하였음이 밝혀진다. 이처럼 동학은 경상도의 유교 전통의 사상적 맥락에서 이단시되고 또한 당시 사회적 및 정치적 맥락에서 ‘난도난법(亂道亂法)’으로 이슈화되어 좌절되고 있었다. 이 논문에서는 먼저, 를, 이어서 문제를, 마지막으로 을 논의하였다.
Partial Nitridation of Sr<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>10</sub>SiO<sub>20</sub>:Eu and Its Effect on Photoluminescence Properties (2009)

The first principle calculation and Pauling's second rule predicted that an O 2- ion coordinated with two Al 3+ and one Si 4+ , or Si 4+ -O [3] -2Al 3+ , is stabilized by cross-substitution to form 2Si 4+ -N [3] -Al 3+ configuration. Motivated by this idea, this work has attempted to synthesize a new phosphor by partial nitridation of Sr 3 Al 10 SiO 20 :Eu 2+ , which contains one set of Si 4+ -O [3] -2Al 3+ per 20 O 2- ions. Synthesis condition of Sr 3 Al 10-x Si 1+x O 20-x N x :Eu 2+ with x=1 was investigated by variation of Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 ratio in the starting materials. Neutron diffraction analysis has shown that nitridation as much as x=0.6-2 was attained by supply of Si 3 N 4 in excess of the stoichiometry, because Si 3 N 4 is partly oxidized even by firing in reduced atmosphere. Luminescence intensity is increased by 7 times at the best by the nitridation, though little change is observed in luminescence spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns. The increased luminescence intensity results mainly from more efficient reduction of Eu 3+ by Si 3 N 4 .
Antioxidative Effects of Ethanol Extracts from <i>Rhus verniciflua</i> Stoke on Yukwa (Oil Popped Rice Snack) Base During Storage (2002)

ABSTRACT: This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative effectiveness of ethanol extracts of Rhus verniciflua Stoke (RVE) in frying oil of Yukwa base (rice snack). RVE showed a strong antioxidant activity, but commercial antioxidants — BHA and dl‐δ‐tocopherol — did not demonstrate a significant ifmprovement over the control treatment (Yukwa bases prepared without any antioxidants and extracted oil from these). In particular, induction period, peroxide value, and acid value of RVE treatment exhibited a higher oxidative stability than that of the other treatments. In addition, the decrease in linoleic acid (C 18:2 )/palmitic acid (C 16:0 ) ratio was much less than the other treatments. Texture properties (hardness and crispiness) of Yukwa base were not significantly different. Results showed strong antioxidant properties of RVE on Yukwa base during storage.
MobiCacher: Mobility-Aware Content Caching in Small-Cell Networks (2014)

Small-cell networks have been proposed to meet the demand of ever growing mobile data traffic. One of the prominent challenges faced by small-cell networks is the lack of sufficient backhaul capacity to connect small-cell base stations (small-BSs) to the core network. We exploit the effective application layer semantics of both spatial and temporal locality to reduce the backhaul traffic. Specifically, small-BSs are equipped with storage facility to cache contents requested by users. As the {\em cache hit ratio} increases, most of the users' requests can be satisfied locally without incurring traffic over the backhaul. To make informed caching decisions, the mobility patterns of users must be carefully considered as users might frequently migrate from one small cell to another. We study the issue of mobility-aware content caching, which is formulated into an optimization problem with the objective to maximize the caching utility. As the problem is NP-complete, we develop a polynomial-time heuristic solution termed {\em MobiCacher} with bounded approximation ratio. We also conduct trace-based simulations to evaluate the performance of {\em MobiCacher}, which show that {\em MobiCacher} yields better caching utility than existing solutions.
Effects of Routine Feedback to Clinicians on Mental Health Outcomes of Youths: Results of a Randomized Trial (2011)

Routine measurement and feedback can be used to improve outcomes for youths who receive typical home-based services in the community.
High single-mode power, monolithic polarization-controlled oxide-confined grating relief VCSELs (2005)

We present polarization-stable InGaAs/GaAs VCSELs with up to 6 mW single-mode output power. The orientation of their polarization along the [011],[0~11] [010] or [001] crystal axis is defined and controlled by a dielectric grating relief.
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2006 emergency department summary. (2008)

In 2006 there were 119.2 million visits to hospital EDs, or 40.5 visits per 100 persons, continuing a long-term rise in both indices. The rate of visits per 100 persons was 36.1 for white persons, 79.9 for black persons, and 35.3 for Hispanic persons. ED occupancy (the count of patients who had arrived, but not yet discharged, transferred, or admitted) varied from 19,000 patients at 6 a.m. to 58,000 at 7 p.m. on an average day nationally. Though overall ED visits increased, the number of visits considered emergent or urgent (15.9 million) did not change significantly from 2005, nor did the number of patients arriving by ambulance (18.4 million). At 3.6 percent of visits, the patient had been seen in the same ED within the previous 72 hours. Median time to see a clinician was 31 minutes. Of all ED visits, 35.6 percent were for an injury. Patients had computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at 12.1 percent of visits, blood drawn at 38.8 percent, an intravenous line started at 24.0 percent, an x ray performed at 34.9 percent, and an electrocardiogram done at 17.1 percent. Patients were admitted to the hospital at 12.8 percent of ED visits in 2006. The ED was the portal of admission for 50.2 percent of all nonobstetric admissions in the United States in 2006, an increase from 36.0 percent in 1996. Patients were admitted to an intensive care unit at 1.9 percent of visits.
Enabling wireless power transfer though a metal encased handheld device (2016)

Wireless power transfer through a metal object is a major obstacle for the conventionally available tightly coupled inductive system. In this paper, we demonstrate that a metal encased mobile device is enabled for efficient wireless charging using a loosely coupled resonant system. To facilitate this approach, three coils are designed and distributed on a metal phone case and they are tuned for resonance at 6.78MHz. With electromagnetic analysis of the coil geometry, a prototype is fabricated by machining an aluminum. Measurement results show that 8W can be delivered to the load on a regular AFA (AirFuel Alliance)-resonant compatible charger. In practice, using all three coils is optional and a designer may use only one coil for the metal cover design.
Comparison of the Spine and Hip BMD Assessments Derived from Quantitative Computed Tomography (2015)

Quantification of bone mineral density (BMD) is being used as the main method to diagnose osteoporosis. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most common tools for measuring BMD. Compared to DXA, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can determine in three dimensions the true volumetric BMD (vBMD) at any skeletal site. In addition to the spine, the hip is an important site for axial BMD measurement. This study examines lumbar spine and hip BMD of Chinese adults by QCT. Age related changes in bone mass derived by QCT measurements were determined. The osteoporosis QCT detection rates at the spine and hip are assessed in both female and male, and agreement of skeletal status category between the spine and hip in older adults is also assessed.
Adhesion of fluorinated amorphous carbon to various materials [metallisation] (2002)

Much of the work to date on fluorinated amorphous carbon integration has focused on adhesion to dielectric films. In this study, we examine the interaction between FlAC and several different metals and barrier materials, including: Ta, Ti, TiN, Al, W, and Cu. The FlAC was deposited from hexafluorobenzene in an HDP-CVD reactor. Adhesive behaviour was gauged using tape test and stud pull techniques on both as-deposited and annealed (400/spl deg/C, 4 hr) samples. Only the FlAC-on-Ta film stack showed degradation following annealing. SIMS analysis shows possible fluorine migration into the tantalum layer.
Notes on Sophocles, <i>Philoctetes</i> (1929)

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Directed evolution of a temperature-, peroxide- and alkaline pH-tolerant versatile peroxidase (2011)

The VPs (versatile peroxidases) secreted by white-rot fungi are involved in the natural decay of lignin. In the present study, a fusion gene containing the VP from Pleurotus eryngii was subjected to six rounds of directed evolution, achieving a level of secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (21 mg/l) as yet unseen for any ligninolytic peroxidase. The evolved variant for expression harboured four mutations and increased its total VP activity 129-fold. The signal leader processing by the STE13 protease at the Golgi compartment changed as a consequence of overexpression, retaining the additional N-terminal sequence Glu-Ala-Glu-Ala that enhanced secretion. The engineered N-terminally truncated variant displayed similar biochemical properties to those of the non-truncated counterpart in terms of kinetics, stability and spectroscopic features. Additional cycles of evolution raised the T50 8°C and significantly increased the enzyme's stability at alkaline pHs. In addition, the Km for H2O2 was enhanced up to 15-fold while the catalytic efficiency was maintained, and there was an improvement in peroxide stability (with half-lives for H2O2 of 43 min at a H2O2/enzyme molar ratio of 4000:1). Overall, the directed evolution approach described provides a set of strategies for selecting VPs with improvements in secretion, activity and stability.
Synthesis and Properties of Two Cationic Narrow Band Gap Conjugated Polyelectrolytes (2013)

We report the design, synthesis, and optical and electronic properties of two novel narrow band gap conjugated polyelectrolytes (NBGCPEs) based on a poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-alkyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] donor/acceptor backbone. Comparison with the properties of the neutral precursor material shows that the ionic component in these cationic NBGCPEs leads to a red-shift in the absorption spectra and to a modification of the polymer electronic energy levels. Both the HOMO and the LUMO are lowered in energy, with the net effect being dependent on the choice of counterion, i.e. bromide vs tetrakis(1-imidazolyl)borate. Moreover, we unexpectedly find n-type transport in thin-film transistors, as opposed to the widely studied p-type transport in neutral systems with isoelectronic backbones. From these observations we conclude that introduction of ionic functionalities adjacent to semiconducting polymers that exhibit charge-transfer excitations offers unique opportunities for materials design.
To grab the stroma by the horns: From biology to cancer therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are precursor cells that play important roles in tumorigenesis. MSCs are recruited to tumors from local and distant sources to form part of the tumor microenvironment. MSCs influence tumor progression by interacting with cancer cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, and cancer stem cells, in a context-dependent network. This review aims to synthesize this emerging yet controversial field to identify key questions regarding the mechanisms of MSC mobilization and survival in blood; homing to tumors, metastases, and premetastatic sites; spatiotemporal organization and differentiation; and interaction with immune cells and cancer stem cells. Understanding the fundamental biology underlying mesenchymal stem cell and tumor interactions has the potential to inform our knowledge of cancer initiation and progression as well as lead to novel therapeutics for cancer. Furthermore, knowledge of endogenous mechanisms can be used to "program" exogenous MSCs for targeted chemotherapeutic delivery to tumors and metastases. Emerging studies will provide crucial insight into the mechanisms of tumor interactions with the whole organism including MSCs.
An introduction to Six Sigma with a design example (2003)

An introductory tutorial on the concepts, principles, and application of Six Sigma in the design of electronic circuits is presented. First, Six Sigma is introduced, starting with a review of the underlying statistics. The statistics are combined with the description of quality goals in units of defects per million opportunities, and the origin of the term Six Sigma becomes obvious. The six steps to Six Sigma are presented and discussed. This methodology is applied to the design of a simple electronic circuit. Statistical simulations are used to predict defect density. Iteration of design revision and simulation are performed until the design is predicted to meet the desired quality goals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Is the Electron Radiation Length Constant at High Energies? (2003)

Experimental results for the radiative energy loss of 149, 207, and 287 GeV electrons in a thin Ir target are presented. From the data we conclude that at high energies the radiation length increases in accordance with the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) theory and thus electrons become more penetrating the higher the energy. The increase of the radiation length as a result of the LPM effect has a significant impact on the behavior of high-energy electromagnetic showers.
On-line Tuning of Controllers for Systems with Constraints (2006)

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is traditionally applied to slow processes. Recently, an explicit solution to MPC was introduced, offering a possibility to extend the area of application to high-bandwidth processes. One of the main drawbacks of the explicit form of MPC is the loss of flexibility to adjust the objective of the controller on-line. We address this issue for constrained time-invariant discrete-time linear systems by defining a parameterized cost function based on piecewise linear norms. An explicit solution to MPC is obtained by solving a more general formulation of a multi-parametric linear program (mpLP), where both the cost and the constraints are parameter dependent. This fully parameterized explicit solution enables a re-adjustment of the parameters of the cost during the controller operation, without need for recomputation of the explicit solution. Furthermore, we show that the properties of the solution for the specific problem setup make stability analysis for a range of control parameters straightforward, providing bounds on the tunable parameters of the cost for which invariance and stability of the closed-loop system are preserved.
Constrained Optimization Via Genetic Algorithms (1994)

This paper presents an application of genetic algorithms (GAs) to nonlinear constrained optimization. GAs are general purpose optimization algorithms which apply the rules of natural genetics to explore a given search space. When GAs are applied to nonlinear constrained problems, constraint handling becomes an important issue. The proposed search algorithm is realized by GAs which utilize a penalty function in the objective function to account for violation. This extension is based on systematic multi-stage assignments of weights in the penalty method as opposed to single-stage assignments in sequential unconstrained minimization. The experimental results are satisfactory and agree well with those of the gradient type methods.