gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking and back‐tracking (2011)

Abstract This paper presents a review of back‐tracking geometry not only for single axis but also for two‐axis tracking and analyses the corresponding energy gains. It compares the different back‐tracking strategies with the ideal tracking in terms of energy yield concluding, on the one hand, that back‐tracking is more useful for single horizontal axis than for the single vertical one, and on the other hand, that back‐tracking is more efficient when applied in the primary axis of a two‐axis tracker. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstitution of β<sub>2</sub>‐adrenoceptor−GTP‐binding‐protein interaction in Sf9 cells (1998)

In most studies, coupling of the beta2-adrenoceptor (beta2AR) to the stimulatory, heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein of adenylyl cyclase the (Gs) is studied indirectly by measuring adenylyl cyclase activation. The aim of this study was to establish a model system in which beta2AR-Gs interactions can be studied directly at the level of the G-protein. We expressed the beta2AR alone, in combination with the alpha-subunit of Gs (G(s alpha)), and as fusion protein with G(s alpha) (beta2AR-G(s alpha)) in Sf9 insect cells. The beta2AR expressed alone couples poorly to the endogenous G(s alpha)-like G-protein of Sf9 cells since no high-affinity agonist binding could be detected, and the effects of agonist and inverse agonist on adenylyl cyclase, high-affinity GTPase and guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP[S]) binding were small. Beta2AR-G(s alpha) reconstituted high-affinity agonist binding and regulated adenylyl cyclase more effectively than the beta2AR co-expressed with a large excess of G(s alpha). In membranes expressing beta2AR-G(s alpha), highly effective agonist- and inverse agonist regulation of high-affinity GTP hydrolysis and GTP[S] binding was observed. In contrast, agonist and inverse agonist regulation of GTP hydrolysis and GTP[S] binding in membranes expressing beta2AR and G(s alpha) as separate proteins was difficult to detect. Our data show that the beta2AR interacts with G(s alpha) more efficiently when expressed as a fusion protein than when expressed with an excess of non-fused G(s alpha). The beta2AR-G(s alpha) fusion protein provides a very sensitive model system to study the regulation of Gs function by beta2AR agonists and inverse agonists directly at the level of the G-protein.
Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification (2012)

This review of 68 studies compares the methodologies used for the identification and quantification of microplastics from the marine environment. Three main sampling strategies were identified: selective, volume-reduced, and bulk sampling. Most sediment samples came from sandy beaches at the high tide line, and most seawater samples were taken at the sea surface using neuston nets. Four steps were distinguished during sample processing: density separation, filtration, sieving, and visual sorting of microplastics. Visual sorting was one of the most commonly used methods for the identification of microplastics (using type, shape, degradation stage, and color as criteria). Chemical and physical characteristics (e.g., specific density) were also used. The most reliable method to identify the chemical composition of microplastics is by infrared spectroscopy. Most studies reported that plastic fragments were polyethylene and polypropylene polymers. Units commonly used for abundance estimates are "items per m(2)" for sediment and sea surface studies and "items per m(3)" for water column studies. Mesh size of sieves and filters used during sampling or sample processing influence abundance estimates. Most studies reported two main size ranges of microplastics: (i) 500 μm-5 mm, which are retained by a 500 μm sieve/net, and (ii) 1-500 μm, or fractions thereof that are retained on filters. We recommend that future programs of monitoring continue to distinguish these size fractions, but we suggest standardized sampling procedures which allow the spatiotemporal comparison of microplastic abundance across marine environments.
Manganese sputter-etch masks for integrated optical circuits (1974)

The fabrication of integrated optical circuits, such as directional couplers, requires dielectric patterns of high resolution and edge acuity. This paper describes the application of manganese sputter-etch masks to the fabrication of these circuits. It is shown that the physical properties of manganese are well suited to mask fabrication by the lift-off technique and that optical waveguides sputter etched from glass films using these masks meet the stringent edge-roughness requirements for low-loss guidance. Manganese masks may also be suitable for other applications where high resolution and edge acuity are important.
Potential hazards and artifacts of ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic surgical and dental materials and devices in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. (1983)

The risks to patients with metal surgical implants who are undergoing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and the artifacts caused by such implants were studied. Twenty-one aneurysm and other hemostatic clips and a variety of other materials (e.g., dental amalgam, 14 karat gold) were used. Longitudinal forces and torques were found to be exerted upon 16 of the 21 clips. With five aneurysm clips, forces and torques sufficient to produce risk of hemorrhage from dislocation of the clip from the vessel or aneurysm, or cerebral injury by clip displacement without dislodgement were identified. The induced ferromagnetism was shown to be related to the composition of the alloys from which the clips were manufactured. Clips with 10-14% nickel are evidently without sufficient induced ferromagnetism to cause hazard. The extent of NMR imaging artifacts was greater for materials with measurable ferromagnetic properties, but metals without measurable ferromagnetism in our tests also resulted in significant artifacts. Dental amalgam and 14 karat gold produced no imaging artifacts, but stainless steels in dentures and orthodontic braces produced extensive artifacts in the facial region.
Application of dual-arm robot in biomedical analysis: Sample preparation and transport (2015)

The use of automated systems in life science laboratories is rising in recent years. Robots play a vital role in laboratory procedures, ranging from chemical analysis to drug development. In high degrees of automation situations, such as transferring plates, adding covers to the plates or transferring bulk liquids, single-arm robots with multiple degrees of freedom are used. Recently, dual-arm robots also draw much attraction due to their flexibility. However, applications of dual-arm robot in life science are still limited. In this paper a dual-arm robot platform, designed for sample preparation and transport in life science, is introduced. As programming for dual-arm robots is more challenging than single-arm robots, especially in life science automation, an efficient and flexible programming method is also discussed. Besides, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) instrument is also integrated into this platform, which is automatically fed with the samples on 96-well microtiter plates using the robot. A fully automated sample preparation method with subsequent mass spectrometric measurements for fast enantiomeric excess determination of chiral compounds was implemented and applied to the dual-arm robot platform.
Granisetron (Kytril) suppresses methotrexate-induced nausea and vomiting among patients with inflammatory arthritis and is superior to prochlorperazine (Stemetil) (1999)

Treatment with GR may be useful in establishing and maintaining some patients on MTX where GI toxicity would have precluded such therapy.
Interferon Induces NF-κB-inducing Kinase/Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor-dependent NF-κB Activation to Promote Cell Survival (2005)

Type I interferons (IFNs) play critical roles in the host defense by modulating the expression of various genes via the IFN-dependent activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription and NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa B) transcription factors. Previous studies established that IFNalpha/beta activates NF-kappaB to promote cell survival through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which involves serine phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB alpha. We now describe a second pathway by which IFNs activate NF-kappaB that is independent of IkappaB degradation. This pathway involves NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-2 (TRAF2) and results in IFNalpha/beta-induced processing of the p100/NF-kappaB2 precursor into p52. IFNalpha/beta stimulates NF-kappaB DNA binding and NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Whereas expression of NIK and TRAF2 constructs causes NF-kappaB activation, expression of dominant negative NIK and TRAF2 constructs blocks IFN-promoted NF-kappaB activation and IFN-stimulated kappaB-dependent transcription and IFNalpha/beta-induced processing of the p100/NF-kappaB2 precursor into p52. In contrast, PI3K does not mediate IFNalpha/beta-induced p100 processing, although PI3K is involved in the pathway resulting in IkappaB alpha degradation. Moreover, whereas IFN promotes cell survival in lymphoblastoid cells, expression of dominant negative NIK and TRAF2 constructs enhances IFN-induced apoptosis. Our results for the first time place NIK and TRAF2, previously shown to function in TNF signaling, within the IFN signal transduction pathway. Thus, IFN induces NF-kappaB activation to mediate IFN-dependent cell survival signals through a "canonical" pathway of IkappaB alpha proteolysis mediated by PI3K/Akt and a "noncanonical" pathway of p100 processing mediated by NIK/TRAF.
Synthesis of Pipecolic Acid-Based Spiro Bicyclic Lactam Scaffolds as β-Turn Mimics (2005)

A series of 6.5.5 spiro bicyclic lactam scaffolds were synthesized from pipecolic acid in a sequence of reactions that was initiated with the alpha-allylation of tert-butoxycarbonyl pipecolic acid. Oxidative cleavage of the olefin to give an aldehyde followed by condensation with D-cysteine methyl ester gave a mixture of pipecolyl thiazolidines. Cyclization of the pipecolyl thiazolidines with Mukaiyama's reagent yielded the spiro bicyclic lactams 4a-d. Epimerization of the 7'a bridgehead carbon under acidic conditions was observed for those spiro bicyclic lactam scaffolds with an S stereochemistry at this position. The 6.5.5 spiro bicyclic lactam scaffold with the 3'S,6'R,7'aR stereochemistry mimicked a type II beta-turn, while the scaffold with the 3'S,6'S,7'aR stereochemistry mimicked a right-handed poly-d-proline II helix.
Stressed to Death: Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Induced Apoptosis in Gliomas (2011)

Glial tumors are the main primary adult brain tumor. Even with the most advanced treatments, which include stereotactic microscope aided surgical resection, internal and external radiation therapy and local and systemic chemotherapy, median survival time for patients diagnosed with these malignancies is about 12 months. We explore here the possibility that the endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) could be a possible target to develop chemotherapeutic agents to induce toxicity in glioma cells. ERSR has the dual capacity of activating repair and/or cytotoxic mechanisms. ERSR is triggered by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. The presence of unfolded proteins in the ER regulates, via a complex biochemical cascade, the upregulation of molecular chaperones, inhibition of protein synthesis, and an increase of proteasome mediated unfolded protein degradation. ERSR in particular conditions can also contribute to cell death via activation of programmed cell death. Apoptosis activation during ERSR is usually caused by the activation of one or a combination of three biochemical cascades. Induction of these pathways ultimately leads to caspase 3 activation culminating in apoptosis. Glioma cells are in a condition of constant low grade ERSR, which possibly contributes to their resistance to treatment protocols. It is conceivable that small molecules that interact with this phenomenon ultimately could be used to modulate the system to activate apoptosis and cause gliotoxicity. We will discuss here ERSR biochemically relevant features to death mechanisms and already identified small molecules that by modulating ERSR are able to activate glioma cell death.
Antibacterial behaviour of surface modified composite polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membrane by immobilizing Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (2019)

Modification of active membrane surface is an auspicious way to enhance the membrane performance. In our study, a commercially available composite polyamide Nanofiltration (NF) membrane was modified by immobilizing silver doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (Ag-TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles. Ag-TiO<sub>2</sub> with different nanoparticles concentration (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt. %) were coated on the surface of the membrane by a dip coating method. The evidence of successful coating was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy images. Moreover, the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), contact angle measurement and permeation tests were carried out in order to evaluate the membrane performance after coating. The antifouling property of the modified membrane was evaluated for Gram-positive (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) bacteria by colony counting method. The results indicated that the modified membranes keep efficient antibacterial efficacy against both types of bacteria. The bacterial growth reduced approximately 93% and 91% on the modified membrane as compared to the unmodified membrane for <i>E.coli</i> and <i>B.subtilis</i>, respectively. Ag-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles imbedded nanofiltration membranes inhibit the biofilm formation and facilitate in cleaning membrane surface without using excessive chemical agents.
Spatial and temporal relationships betweenShh, Fgf4, andFgf8 gene expression at diverse signalling centers during mouse development (1996)

During limb outgrowth, Shh, Fgf4, and Fgf8 act as signals controlling limb growth and patterning. Because these genes are expressed in the limb bud and other known signalling centers, we have explored the relationships between the expression of these during mouse development using double in situ hybridization. Within the node and limb bud the expression domains of these genes contact each other, whereas in the floor plate the Fgf8 expression domain does not contact that of Shh. The relative temporal order of gene expression varies in different centers. The spatial and temporal expression of Fgf4, Fgf8, and Shh suggests that conservation of molecular mechanisms in different organizing centers as well as differences between them.
Effects of interface oxidization in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions (1999)

We fabricated Ni-Fe/Co/Al-AlO/Co/Ni-Fe/Fe-Mn/Ni-Fe ferromagnetic tunnel junctions in which the bottom Co surface is exposed or not to air. While the MR ratio increased by annealing for the sample in which bottom Co surface was exposed to air, it decreased for the sample in which bottom Co surface was not exposed to air. This suggests that a slightly oxidized layer at the bottom Co/Al interface acts as a diffusion prevention layer. Moreover, the voltage-resistance dependence became asymmetric following annealing of the sample with a non oxidized Co surface and the bias dependence of MR ratio was improved.
Improved Chemically Defined Basal Medium (CMRL-1969) for Primary Monkey Kidney and Human Diploid Cells (1971)

An improved tissue culture basal medium, CMRL-1969, supplemented with serum, has been evaluated by measuring the growth responses of primary cultures of trypsin-dispersed monkey kidney cells (PMKC) and of an established culture of a human diploid cell strain (HDCS). Medium H597, an early modification of medium 199 which has been used successfully in the preparation of poliomyelitis vaccine for 15 years, was used for comparison. In addition, parallel testing was done with Basal Medium Eagle (BME) widely used for the growth of HDCS. The improvements in basal medium CMRL-1969 are attributed to changes in amino acid concentrations, in vitamin composition, and, in particular, to enhanced buffering capacity. The latter has been achieved by the use of free-base amino acids and by increasing the dibasic sodium phosphate. The new medium has already been used to advantage for the production of polioviruses in PMKC where equivalent titers were obtained from cultures initiated with 70% of the number of cells required with earlier media. The population-doubling time was reduced in this system. Also, with small inocula of HDCS, the time required to obtain maximum cell yield was shorter with CMRL-1969 than with BME. Both media were supplemented with 10% calf serum. Maximum cell yields after repeated subcultivation in the new basal medium were greatly increased and the stability of the strain, as shown by chromosomal analysis, was not affected. Basal medium CMRL-1969 can be prepared easily in liquid or powdered form.
A QVGA 143dB dynamic range asynchronous address-event PWM dynamic image sensor with lossless pixel-level video compression (2010)

A 0.18¿m CIS contains a QVGA array of autonomous pixels that individually detect illumination changes and communicate new gray levels that are PWM encoded after each detected change, ideally realizing optimal lossless pixel-level video compression. Readout is frame-free 18b parallel AER. SNR of >56dB and infra-scene DRs of 143dB static and 125dB at 30fps equivalent have been achieved.
Test generation for comprehensive testing of linear analog circuits using transient response sampling (1997)

The problem of testing analog components continues to be the bottleneck in reducing the time-to-market of mixed-signal ICs. We present a test generation algorithm for implicit functional testing of linear analog circuits using transient response sampling. Each specification of the circuit under test (CUT) imposes bounds on individual parametric deviations under the single fault assumption. These bounds are mapped on to "acceptable" ranges of measurements of the transient response of the CUT at various sample points using time domain sensitivity calculations. Any circuit that "passes" the applied test is also guaranteed to meet its specifications. The simplicity of the test waveform, reduced test generation time and test time show that this testing method is a good alternative to existing testing schemes.
D-spacing/formula index for compound identification using electron diffraction data (1988)

NBS CRYSTAL DATA and the PDF-2 are large databases containing chemical, crystallographic and physical data on all classes of materials. From these databases, a derivative database has been prepared that is specifically designed for electron diffractionists. This database contains up to 60 calculated d-spacings for each of 70,000 inorganic compounds. An efficient computer program permits the identification of compounds by matching chemical and d-spacing data obtained from the unknown against the entire database. A Printed D-SPACING/FORMULA INDEX has been prepared that contains a critical subset of the chemical and crystallographic data contained in the electron diffraction computer database. This printed index is designed to be used independently or in conjunction with the computer database. The INDEX contains one line of data for each of approximately 70,000 inorganic compounds. Each line contains a number of data items including: element types present; the first ten low-angle d-spacings; chemical formula; mineral name; lattice type; chemical class indicator; and unique CD and PDF numbers.
Studies on the Stresses in Bolt-Nut Joints (1981)

本論文ではM10メートル並目ねじについてとりあげ、ボルト頭やナットの寸法・形状が異なる場合の座面圧分布と形状係数を軸対称有限要素法を用いて解析した。さらに、フランジナット、袋ナットおよび口金設計されたナットなどの特殊ナットを解析し、通常の六角ナットの応力分布と比較した。また、従来その効用が明白でないまま容易に使用されていた座金の応力分布に及ぼす影響や慣性力およびねじの固有振動数についても述べている。
Photocatalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane (1999)

Photocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane (TMDSCB) by Pt(acac)2 is reported. Excellent conversion and high molecular weight polymers are produced in the absence of O2. Inhibition experiments reveal the coexistence of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic species. The relative activity of these is discussed and a tentative polymerization mechanism proposed. Pt colloid is proved to be the heterogeneous catalyst by a TEM study.
Gas Turbine Performance - What Makes The Map? (2000)

His organization is responsible for predicting gas compressor and gas turbine performance, for conducting application studies, and for field performance tests on gas compressor and generator packages.
Conditioning of events and related topics (2003)

The author presents a lattice ordered semigroup approach for the foundation of conditional events which covers the special situations where the underlying unconditional events are Boolean or fuzzy, respectively. The structure of a lattice with an additional semigroup operation interpreted as an intersection is considered. An additional axiom (MV), transforming that type of lattice into a MV-algebra, makes possible the construction of conditional events in this approach, and of two types of connectives as well as quite general uncertainty measures for conditional events.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three-dimensional MR brain segmentation (2002)

In MR brain images, segmentation using intensity values is severely limited owing to field inhomogeneities, susceptibility artifacts and partial volume effects. Edge based segmentation methods suffer from spurious edges and gaps in boundaries. A method is presented which combines the advantages of edge based and region based segmentation. First a multiscale image representation, is constructed which favors intratissue diffusion over inter-tissue diffusion by exploiting local contrast. Subsequently a multiscale linking model (the hyperstack) is used to group voxels into a number of segments. This facilitates segmentation of grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid with minimal user interaction. Using a supervised segmentation, technique and MR simulations of a brain phantom as validation it is shown that the errors are in the order of or smaller than reported in literature.
The Diffusion-Weighted Lesion in Acute Stroke: Heterogeneous Patterns of Flow/Metabolism Uncoupling as Assessed by Quantitative Positron Emission Tomography (2005)

The DWI lesion does not have a single flow/metabolism counterpart, suggesting that it reflects various stages of the ischaemic process.