gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switching between κ<sup>2</sup>and κ<sup>3</sup>Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate Ligands by Tuning Reaction Conditions: Synthesis, Spectral, Electrochemical, Structural, and Theoretical Studies on Arene-Ru(II) Derivatives of Bis(azol-1-yl)acetate Ligands (2009)

New (arene)ruthenium(II) derivatives containing neutral HL or anionic L(-) ligands (arene = p-cymene or benzene, HL in general, in particular HL(1) = bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid and HL(2) = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid) have been synthesized and analytically and spectrally characterized. The ligands in neutral form coordinate ruthenium in a chelating kappa(2)-N,N'-bidentate fashion affording 1:1 derivatives of formula [Ru(arene)(HL)Cl]Cl, where the inner Cl can be replaced by a phosphine. These derivatives show very high conductance values in water, due to the contribution of H(3)O(+) produced by deprotonation of the -COOH fragment in HL ligands and consequent formation of 1:2 electrolytes such as [Ru(arene)(kappa(3)-N,N',O-L)]Cl(2) species. However, the remaining derivatives contain monoanion L(-) ligands coordinating in the tripodal kappa(3)-N,N',O-tridentate fashion. The solid-state X-ray structure of the complex [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(kappa(3)-N,N',O-L(1))]PF(6) confirmed such behavior. The redox properties of those compounds have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis, which, on the basis of their measured Ru(II/III) oxidation potentials, have allowed for the ordering of the HL and L(-) ligands according to their electron-donor character. This is accounted for by DFT calculations, which show a relevant contribution of L ligand orbitals to the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) when they are coordinated in the monoanionic tridentate form, while for derivatives containing neutral HL ligands, the main contribution to the HOMOs comes from orbitals of the metal and chlorine atoms, the overall contribution from the bidentate HL ligand orbitals being small. Values of the Lever electrochemical E(L) ligand parameter (a measure of the net electron donor character of a ligand) have been estimated for the above and related acylpyrazolonate ligands, as well as for the eta(6)-coordinated benzene and cymene.
Energy Transfer in Bichromophoric Molecules:  The Effect of Symmetry and Donor/Acceptor Energy Gap (1998)

The dependence of the rate of singlet excitation transfer on the donor−acceptor energy gap was investigated in bichromophoric spiranes with symmetry-forbidden zero-order electronic coupling. The fluorescence measurements were performed in a supersonic jet in order to avoid collisional and inhomogeneous line broadening. Fluorescence excitation spectra and single-vibronic-level emission spectra of the model chromophores cyclopentaphenanthrene and 1,8-dimethylnaphthalene and the bichromophores spirofluorenephenanthrene and spirofluorenenaphthalene are presented and analyzed. Although the transition moments of the linked chromophores are rigorously perpendicular and the exchange coupling between the v‘ = 0 states is computationally shown to be zero, all spiranes with energy gaps larger than ∼1000 cm-1 exhibited complete electronic energy transfer from all vibrational states of the electronically excited donor, including the undistorted v‘ = 0 state. This behavior is explained in terms of vibronic coupling between the sparse states of the donor and the dense manifold (pseudocontinuum) of the acceptor states. The electronic energy transfer was sufficiently fast to result in measurable lifetime broadening of the donor absorption lines, from which the kEET was estimated. The results demonstrate that the zero-order picture overestimates the degree of the molecular orbital symmetry control over electronic energy transfer and charge-transfer rates and that at sufficiently high driving forces the vibronically mediated “symmetry-forbidden” electronic energy transfer can be very rapid (∼1 × 1012 s-1).
Secretion Trap Tagging of Secreted and Membrane-Spanning Proteins Using Arabidopsis Gene Traps (2003)

Secreted and membrane-spanning proteins play fundamental roles in plant development but pose challenges for genetic identification and characterization. We describe a "secretion trap" screen for gene trap insertions in genes encoding proteins routed through the secretory pathway. The gene trap transposon encodes a beta-glucuronidase reporter enzyme that is inhibited by N-linked glycosylation specific to the secretory pathway. Treatment of seedlings with tunicamycin inhibits glycosylation, resulting in increased activity of secreted beta-glucuronidase fusions that result from gene trap integration downstream of exons encoding signal peptides. In the 2,059 gene trap lines that we screened, 32 secretion trap expression patterns were identified in a wide variety of tissues including embryos, meristems, and the developing vasculature. Genes disrupted by the secretion traps encode putative extracellular signaling proteins, membrane transport proteins, and novel secreted proteins of unknown function missed by conventional mutagenesis and gene prediction. Secretion traps provide a unique reagent for gene expression studies and can guide the genetic combination of loss of function alleles in related genes.
Inverse association between coffee drinking and serum uric acid concentrations in middle-aged Japanese males (1999)

Consumption of caffeine-rich beverages, which have diuretic properties, may decrease serum uric acid concentrations. We examined cross-sectionally the relationship of coffee and green tea consumption to serum uric acid concentrations in 2240 male self-defence officials who received a pre-retirement health examination at four hospitals of the Self-Defence Forces between 1993 and 1994. The mean levels of coffee and green tea consumption were 2.3 and 3.1 cups/d respectively. There was a clear inverse relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid concentration. When adjusted for hospital only, those consuming less than one cup of coffee daily had a mean serum uric acid concentration of 60 mg/l, while that of those drinking five or more cups of coffee daily was 56 mg/l (P < 0.0001). No such relationship was observed for green tea, another major dietary source of caffeine in Japan. The relationship between coffee consumption and serum uric acid concentration was independent of age, rank in the Self-Defence Forces, BMI, systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, serum total cholesterol and serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations, smoking status, alcohol use, beer consumption and intake of dairy products. These findings suggest that coffee drinking may be associated with lower concentrations of serum uric acid, and further studies are needed to confirm the association.
Particle Filter Tracking of Camouflaged Targets by Adaptive Fusion of Thermal and Visible Spectra Camera Data (2013)

This paper presents a method for tracking a moving target by fusing bi-modal visual information from a deep infra-red thermal imaging camera and a conventional visible spectrum color camera. The tracking method builds on well-known methods for color-based tracking using particle filtering, but it extends these to handle fusion of color and thermal information when evaluating each particle. The key innovation is a method for continuously relearning local background models for each particle in each imaging modality, comparing these against a model of the foreground object being tracked, and thereby adaptively weighting the data fusion process in favor of whichever imaging modality is currently the most discriminating at each successive frame. The method is evaluated by testing on a variety of extremely challenging video sequences, in which people and other targets are tracked past occlusion, clutter, and distracters causing severe and sustained camouflage conditions in one or both imaging modalities.
Business Research Methods and Statistics Using SPSS (2008)

PART ONE: GENERAL ORIENTATION TO RESEARCH IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT Research, Statistics and Business Decisions Contrasting Philosophies and Approaches to Research Ethical Issues in Research Selecting the Topic and Conducting a Literature Review Theory, Problem Definition, Frameworks and Research Design PART TWO: ENTERING, DESCRIBING AND OBTAINING DATA How To Enter Data into SPSS and Undertake Initial Screening Describing and Presenting your Data Normal Distribution, Probability and Statistical Significance Sampling Issues Hypothesis Formation, Types of Error and Estimation Power and Effect Size PART THREE: STATISTICALLY ANALYSING DATA Hypothesis Testing for Differences between Means and Proportions Analysis of Variance Techniques (ANOVA) Chi Square Methods of Correlation Testing Hypotheses of Relationships Prediction and Regression Reliability and Validity Factor Analysis PART FOUR: SURVEY METHODS FOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT Attitude Questionnaires and Measurement Structured Interview and Questionnaires Surveys PART FIVE: REPORTING AND PRESENTING RESEARCH Writing Up and Communicating Research
A similarity-based method for the generalization of face recognition over pose and expression (2002)

Human observers are capable of recognizing a face seen only once before when confronted with it subsequently under different viewing conditions. We constructed a working computational model of such generalization from a single view, and tested it on a homogeneous database of face images obtained under tightly controlled viewing conditions. The model effectively constructs a view space for novel faces by interpolating view spaces of familiar ones. Its performance /spl sim/30% error rate in one out of 18 recognition, and 8% in one out of three discrimination-is encouraging, given that it reflects generalization from a single view/expression to a range of /spl plusmn/34/spl deg/ rotation in depth and to two additional expressions. For comparison, human subjects in the one out of three task involving only viewpoint changes exhibit a 3% error rate.
Quantum Image Processing and Its Application to Edge Detection: Theory and Experiment (2017)

Analysis of the large amounts of image data requires increasingly expensive and time-consuming computational resources. Quantum computing may offer a shortcut. A new edge-detection algorithm based on a specific quantum image representation shows exponentially faster performance compared to classical methods.
Long term stability of magnetoresistive bubble detectors (1974)

Various failure modes of Permalloy magnetoresistors are evaluated. Magnetic failure of magnetoresistors can be eliminated by passivation with evaporated SiO and sputtered Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> films. Effect of the permalloy/Au interaction at the sensor/lead metallization interface was investigated by high current and temperature stressing (5.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 330°C) of actual sensors, and by He-ion nuclear backscattering and x-ray diffraction analysis of Au/permalloy sheet film couples. Stripe cracking failures occur at the negative terminal. Significant interdiffusion of Au/permalloy can occur. However, the interdiffusion is not particularly deleterious to sensor performance.
Fog Density Estimation and Image Defogging Based on Surrogate Modeling for Optical Depth (2017)

In order to estimate fog density correctly and to remove fog from foggy images appropriately, a surrogate model for optical depth is presented in this paper. We comprehensively investigate various fog-relevant features and propose a novel feature based on the hue, saturation, and value color space, which correlate well with the perception of fog density. We use a surrogate-based method to learn a refined polynomial regression model for optical depth with informative fog-relevant features, such as dark-channel, saturation-value, and chroma, which are selected on the basis of sensitivity analysis. Based on the obtained accurate surrogate model for optical depth, an effective method for fog density estimation and image defogging is proposed. The effectiveness of our proposed method is verified quantitatively and qualitatively by the experimental results on both synthetic and real-world foggy images.
The WAN Data Link Layer (2001)

This chapter covers: Terminal and data link protocols: characteristics and functions Types of protocol
FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3–Internal Tandem Duplication Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Display a Nonoverlapping Profile of Resistance Mutations <i>In vitro</i> (2009)

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors have shown activity in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Secondary mutations in target kinases can cause clinical resistance to therapeutic kinase inhibition. We have previously shown that sensitivity toward tyrosine kinase inhibitors varies between different activating FLT3 mutations. We therefore intended to determine whether different FLT3 inhibitors would produce distinct profiles of secondary, FLT3 resistance mutations. Using a cell-based screening approach, we generated FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD)-expressing cell lines resistant to the FLT3 inhibitors SU5614, PKC412, and sorafenib. Interestingly, the profile of resistance mutations emerging with SU5614 was limited to exchanges in the second part of the kinase domain (TK2) with exchanges of D835 predominating. In contrast, PKC412 exclusively produced mutations within tyrosine kinase domain 1 (TK1) at position N676. A mutation at N676 recently has been reported in a case of PKC412-resistant AML. TK1 mutations exhibited a differential response to SU5614, sorafenib, and sunitinib but strongly impaired response to PKC412. TK2 exchanges identified with SU5614 were sensitive to PKC412, sunitinib, or sorafenib, with the exception of Y842D, which caused a strong resistance to sorafenib. Of note, sorafenib also produced a highly distinct profile of resistance mutations with no overlap to SU5614 or PKC412, including F691L in TK1 and exchanges at position Y842 of TK2. Thus, different FLT3 kinase inhibitors generate distinct, nonoverlapping resistance profiles. This is in contrast to Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib, which display overlapping resistance profiles. Therefore, combinations of FLT3 inhibitors may be useful to prevent FLT3 resistance mutations in the setting of FLT3-ITD-positive AML.
A Technique to Control Global Figure Using Acid Immersion and Zernike Decomposition (2019)

Introduction of a technique to control the global figure of an optical substrate that leverages the bulk removal efficiency of a full aperture process but has the determinism of a sub aperture figuring approach.
Increased iron‐related MRI contrast in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease (1995)

Elevated iron levels in the substantia nigra (SN) of the brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) may mediate lipid peroxidative reactions, promoting SN neuronal death. To assess SN iron accumulation in living PD patients and its relation to motor performance, we measured, in 13 nondemented PD patients and 10 normal control subjects, simple reaction time (SRT) and simple movement time (SMT), followed by head MRI in a 3-tesla system. We measured T2 and T2* in the right and left SN of all subjects and calculated R2', the relaxation rate due to local magnetic field in-homogeneities, from these values. Asymmetries of 1/T2 (R2), 1/T2* (R2*), or R2' versus asymmetries of SRT and SMT were assessed in eight PD subjects who had not taken anti-PD medication(s) for 12 hours. The average of right and left SN values for R2 was lower, and R2* and R2' were higher, in PD patients than in controls (R2, p = 0.046; R2*, p = 0.001; R2', p < 0.001). R2' best predicted group differences. The asymmetry of SRT performance was highly correlated with asymmetries of SN R2* (0.91; p = 0.001) and R2' (0.72; p = 0.03). These results strongly suggest that the increases in iron levels seen postmortem in the SN in PD are reflected in increased iron-related MRI contrast at 3 tesla in living PD patients. Correlations with motor performance in PD suggest that the clinical severity of PD may be related to SN iron accumulation.
Research status on adaptive structures in Europe (1991)

The topic of this paper is the new and highly interdisciplinary subject smart structures, which can be characterized as structural systems that interact with integrated sensor, actuator, and control devices in a desired manner. The paper describes a number of candidate material systems that can be used to develop a new class of so-called multifunctional sensors and actuators, which not only have intrinsic sensing and actuating capabilities, but also serve in a multifunctional mode, e.g. as load carrying structural components. In addition, special control systems which work on the basis of new digital filtering concepts are also explained. Main emphasis is placed on a great variety of present and prospective smart structure applications, not only in the aerospace field, but also in areas such as automotive engineering, building construction, etc. Finally, a survey is given of ongoing smart structures initiatives and programs in Europe, with special focus on DLR's ARES (Actively Reacting Elastic Structures) program.
Tumor imaging with novel radiogallium ([sup 67/68]Ga) labeled agents (1997)

Gallium-67 (t1/2: 78 h) has played an important role in tumor imaging. It is produced in a cyclotron and is commercially available for routine clinical use. 68Ga (t1/2: 68 min), a positron emitter, suitable for positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging, is obtained from a generator with long lived parent 68Ge (t1/2: 288 d). Radiogallium has been used mostly, as gallium citrate in imaging studies. Recently, receptor specific agents labeled with gallium have been developed. These include, agents to image somatostatin and folate receptors. We have shown that a new class of agents based on glycosaminoglycoans (GLYCOS) target a variety of tumors. Gallium labeled deferroxamine (DF) bound to sulfated glycosaminoglycans has the ability to rapidly target and permeate a wide variety of solid animal tumors and also undergo rapid blood clearance almost exclusively by the renal route. We have been able to image (within 5 min to 1 hr), prostate adenocarcinoma (AT-1 tumor) grown in surgically prepared pedicles of Copenhagen male rats and breast tumor in pedicles of Fisher female rats. 67Ga labeled agent was used in single photon imaging mode and 68Ga labeled agent was used in PET mode with a small animal PET imaging device built in our laboratory with plastic scintillating optical fibers.
Octave bandwidth printed bow-tie fed partial cavity slot antenna (2000)

A partial cavity backed wide bandwidth slot antenna fed with a bow-tie feed line is proposed as a viable element for mobile communication base station applications. A novel feeding mechanism consisting of a printed bow-tie feed placed within the slot aperture and metal baffles between the slot ground plane and a grounded backplane allow this antenna to operate over more than an octave bandwidth (1.15 to 2.46 GHz) with a VSWR < 2. Measured radiation patterns are presented for the frequency range of 1.7–2.2 GHz, selected to give total coverage over the entire PCN and UMTS frequency bands. The gain of the antenna was found to be 5.4 dBi at 1.7 GHz and 4.6 dBi at 2.2 GHz. In addition to its bandwidth, a special feature of the slot antenna design is the small slot ground plane (1 λ0 × 1 λ0) and small background plane (2 λ0 × 2 λ0) needed for consistent pattern formation over the entire frequency range of interest.
Credibility investigation of newsworthy tweets using a visualising Petri net model (2016)

Investigating information credibility is an important problem in online social networks such as Twitter. Since misleading information can get easily propagated in Twitter, ranking tweets according to their credibility can help to detect rumors and identify misinformation. In this paper, we propose a Petri net model to visualise tweet credibility in Twitter. We consider the uniform resource locator (URL) as an effective feature in evaluating tweet credibility since it is used to identify the source of tweets, especially for newsworthy tweets. We perform an experimental evaluation on about 1000 tweets, and show that the proposed model is effective for assigning tweets to two classes: credible and incredible tweets, which each class being further divided into two sub-classes (“credible” and “seem credible” and “doubtful” and “incredible” tweets, respectively) based on appropriate features.
Perivascular Inflammation After Balloon Angioplasty of Porcine Coronary Arteries (2001)

Inflammatory responses after angioplasty of porcine coronary arteries occurred throughout the entire perivascular tissue. We hypothesize that perivascular inflammatory cells play a role in the recruitment and/or proliferation of adventitial myofibroblasts, possibly through the release of reactive oxygen species and/or cytokines, and thus contribute to vascular remodeling associated with postangioplasty restenosis.
Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for Interference Suppression in GNSS Receivers (2011)

Satellite System (GNSS) to suppress interference in spatial domain as well as temporal domain, its performance depends on digital beamforming algorithms. In this paper, we propose a joint adaptive beamforming algorithm which produces nullings in the directions of interference while simultaneously maximizing carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N 0 ) of post-correlation signal. Firstly, the interferences are cancelled by using subspace orthogonal projection. Then the maximum C/N 0 constraint algorithm is employed to enhance the post-correlation signal. Meanwhile, a simple estimation approach about numbers of interferences is introduced. Finally, simulations demonstrate that using our adaptive algorithm, STAP can effectively suppress the strong interference and improve the capturing capability of GNSS.
Highly Efficient Ruthenium‐Catalyzed N‐Formylation of Amines with H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Abstract A highly efficient catalyst system based on ruthenium‐pincer‐type complexes has been discovered for N‐formylation of various amines with CO 2 and H 2 , thus affording the corresponding formamides with excellent productivity (turnover numbers of up to 1 940 000 in a single batch) and selectivity. Using a simple catalyst recycling protocol, the catalyst was reused for 12 runs in N , N ‐dimethylformamide production without significant loss of activity, thus demonstrating the potential for practical utilization of this cost‐effective process. A one‐pot two‐step procedure for hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol via the intermediacy of formamide formation has also been developed.
Effect of LED Phototherapy of Three Distinct Wavelengths on Fibroblasts on Wound Healing: A Histological Study in a Rodent Model (2009)

The use of green and red LED light is effective in increasing fibroblastic proliferation on rodents.