gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular mechanisms of benzodiazepine action (1982)

BENZODIAZEPINES are in common clinical use because they possess a fortunate combination of important therapeutic properties. They are effective in the treatment of two common clinical conditions—anxiety and insomnia—and they are useful in the treatment of seizure disorders and certain kinds of spasticity as well. In addition to these therapeutic actions, these drugs lack significant side effects outside of the CNS and have low toxicity, factors that have contributed to their widespread clinical use. Since the introduction of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium) in 1960, research into the cellular mechanisms of benzodiazepine action has increased in parallel with the use of these agents. In this review, some recent advances in elucidating the mechanisms of action of benzodiazepines in the CNS are described. The principal lines of basic research on benzodiazepines fall into two general categories: biochemical and electrophysiological. Although they will be discussed separately, they represent complementary strategies for achieving a comprehensive
Nucleotide Sequences of the RNA Subunit of RNase P from Several Mammals (1993)

Sequences of the RNA subunit of RNase P from five primate and two rodent species have been determined. The extent of the differences among these sequences and the corresponding RNA from human tissue correlates to known phylogenetic relationships. All the sequences can be drawn in a secondary structure with common features.
Pulmonary Artery Flow-Guided Catheters in the Perioperative Period (1977)

The risk factor of pulmonary artery catheterization was assessed in 392 critically ill patients. Major indications for catheterization in the operating room were marginal cardiovascular reserve, anticipated large fluid and blood loss, and hypotensive anesthesia. Immediate complications included cardiac arrhythmia, carotid artery puncture, and pneumotherax. Long-term complications included positive bacterial cultures, pulmonary infarction and neuropathy. None of the complications were directly responsible for the deaths in this series. Pulmonary artery monitoring in critically ill persons is a relatively safe procedure.
New Surfactant Phosphine Ligands and Platinum(II) Metallosurfactants. Influence of Metal Coordination on the Critical Micelle Concentration and Aggregation Properties (2009)

We have prepared the first platinum(II) metallosurfactants from a new family of linear surfactant phosphines Ph(2)P(CH(2))(n)SO(3)Na {1 (n = 2), 2 (n = 6), and 3 (n = 10)}, which were synthesized by reaction between the halosulfonates X(CH(2))(n)SO(3)Na and sodium diphenylphosphide. The metallosurfactants cis-[PtCl(2)L(2)] (L = 1-3) were obtained after reaction between the phosphines and PtCl(2) in dimethylsulfoxide. All compounds were fully characterized by the usual methods {NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (31)P, (195)Pt), IR, MS-ESI and HRMS}. By exploring the surfactant properties of phosphines 1-3 and their respective platinum metallosurfactants cis-[PtCl(2)L(2)] (L = 1-3) through surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, and cryo-TEM microscopy, we were able to analyze the influence of the metal coordination on the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the aggregation properties. The cmc values of platinum metallosurfactants were considerably lower than those obtained for the free phosphines 1-3. This behavior could be understood by an analogy between the structure of cis-[PtCl(2)L(2)] complexes and bolaform surfactants. The calculated values of area per molecule also showed different tendencies between 1-3 and cis-[PtCl(2)L(2)] complexes, which could be explained on the basis of the possible conformations of these compounds in the air-water interface. The study of aggregates by dynamic light scattering spectroscopy and cryo-TEM microscopy showed the formation of spherical disperse medium size vesicles in all cases. However, substantial differences were observed between the three free phosphines (the population of micellar aggregates increased with long chain length) and also between phosphines and their respective metallosurfactants.
Evaluation of red blood cell filterability test: influences of pore size, hematocrit level, and flow rate. (1984)

To improve understanding of the basic principles of the red blood cell filtration test, we studied the influence of pore size, flow rate, and hematocrit level. Suspensions of washed red blood cells in Ringer's solution with hematocrit values of 5%, 10%, and 15% were pumped at flow rates of 0.42 and 0.82 ml/min through polycarbonate filters with pore sizes of 2.6 +/- 0.2, 4.5 +/- 0.6, and 6.9 +/- 0.8 micron (mean +/- SD). The initial pressure generated at the filter was normalized for pressure reading obtained with cell-free Ringer's solution at the same flow rate and used for the calculation of the relative resistance of one red blood cell in a pore. This measurement was independent of the flow rate and the hematocrit level, but it varied inversely with the pore size: 175.1 +/- 62.5, 5.2 +/- 1.2, and 2.4 +/- 0.8 for the 2.6, 4.5, and 6.9 micron pores, respectively. Plugging of filter pores as evidenced by progressive pressure rise at constant flow was a prominent feature for 2.6 micron filters, but was not significant for 6.9 micron filters. At the flow rates studied, less than 1% of the filtered red blood cells showed morphologic changes or underwent hemolysis. We found that 2.6 micron filters are most sensitive in detecting altered red blood cell filterability induced in vitro and occurring in vivo. These results may help to define an optimum filtration test for clinical investigations.
A pilot-signal assisted channel estimation scheme for multi-carrier modulation (2002)

We propose a pilot-signal assisted channel estimation (PSCE) scheme for a multi-carrier modulation (MCM) system where the pilot signal bandwidth is restricted in the subcarrier. In this scheme, at the receiver, the pilot signals of each subcarrier are added up to be inphase at the midpoint of pilot-symbol duration, then the pilot signal exhibits a sharp peak amplitude. Thus the channel impulse response can be estimated with a high time-resolution. A simple channel equalization, is done using the estimated channel characteristic and BER performance is improved by applying the PSCE scheme to an MCM system under the Rayleigh two-path fading condition.
An Introduction to Random Vibrations, Spectral and Wavelet Analysis (1993)

1. Introduction To Probability Distributions And Averages. 2. Joint Probability Distributions, Ensemble Averages. 3. Correlation. 4. Fourier Analysis. 5. Spectral Density. 6. Excitation - Response Relations For Linear Systems. 7. Transmission Of Random Vibration. 8. Statistics Of Narrow Band Processes. 9. Accuracy Of Measurements. 10. Digital Spectral Analysis I: Discrete Fourier Transforms. 11. Digital Spectral Analysis II: Windows And Smoothing. 12. The Fast Fourier Transform. 14. Application Notes. 15. Multi-Dimensional Spectral Analysis. 16. Response Of Continuous Linear Systems To Stationary Random Excitation. 17. Discrete Wavelet Analysis.
Finite Elements, Roman-Style (2003)

MJT Lewis has published a work that is a combination of classical scholarship and pragmatic experimentation, Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome. Among other things, he has undertaken a comprehensive study of the limits of accuracy that are attainable using modern reconstructions of ancient instruments. Graceful Roman arches, built about 2,000 years ago, held up a carefully crafted water course more than 50 km long, from a rural spring to the city of Nimes. The chorobates was a tool used to get a horizontal reference by sighting along the top. A modern writer, who tried it, doubts its usefulness. The Roman practice of reducing a problem of irregular shapes to a series of manageable-sized orthogonal blocks may have been primitive; however, it got remarkable results. The recent interest in applying modern analytic and experimental techniques to the study of ancient engineering has inspired a good deal of research. Hubert Chanson, a reader in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Queensland in Australia, has published several papers on the subject and has mounted an introductory website, ‘Some Hydraulics of Roman Aqueducts’. The site gives numerous references to other literature, including experimental work by himself and V Valenti in 1995.
Simple approach for monolithic integration of DFB laser and passive waveguide (1991)

A simple approach to the butt coupling between a 1.5μm BRS type DFB laser and a passive waveguide, based on the vapour phase growth properties on a nonplanar substrate, is reported. Stable single longitudinal mode emission is achieved for devices with CW threshold currents as low as 17mA. An output power of 2mW is measured from a 1.1mm long passive waveguide.
Broad-band photoresponse from InAs quantum dots embedded into InGaAs graded well (2005)

A broad-band photoresponse is obtained from undoped InAs multiple quantum dots grown by the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique on a (100) GaAs substrate. The quantum dots were embedded in an In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As graded well where the In mole fraction is chosen in the range of 0.3 /spl ges/ x /spl ges/ 0.0. The photoresponse of the reversed biased device, obtained at 80.5 K and using the normal incident configuration, was found to span the spectral range of 3.5 - 9.5 μm. While the photoresponse is significantly high under the influence of the reverse bias voltage, the forward bias photoresponse is found to be negligible.
Herb-target interaction network analysis helps to disclose molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (2016)

Though many studies have been performed to elucidate molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by identifying protein-compound interactions, no systematic analysis at herb level was reported. TCMs are prescribed by herbs and all compounds from a certain herb should be considered as a whole, thus studies at herb level may provide comprehensive understanding of TCMs. Here, we proposed a computational strategy to study molecular mechanism of TCM at herb level and used it to analyze a TCM anti-HIV formula. Herb-target network analysis was carried out between 17 HIV-related proteins and SH formula as well as three control groups based on systematic docking. Inhibitory herbs were identified and active compounds enrichment was found to contribute to the therapeutic effectiveness of herbs. Our study demonstrates that computational analysis of TCMs at herb level can catch the rationale of TCM formulation and serve as guidance for novel TCM formula design.
Magnetoelastic Properties of CeP Studied by Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction (1998)

Magnetoelastic properties of a single crystal of CeP have been investigated by magnetostriction and thermal expansion measurements. The longitudinal and transverse magnetostriction with the field along the [001] direction show an abrupt decrease in length following the appearance of the ferromagnetically ordered planes with the Γ 8 Ce moments. Moreover, iso-field thermal expansion along both directions show a large increase of the length at the temperature where the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition of the Γ 8 Ce moments takes place. Such large length changes can be understood by the p-f mixing effect which has been used successfully to explain the magnetic phase diagram of CeP.
AEC plans computer center for fusion (1974)

The Atomic Energy Commission has established the National CTR Computer Center at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory for the purpose of providing a significant increase in computing power and services to controlled-thermonuclear research contractors. The center will be managed by the AEC Division of Controlled Thermonuclear Research, which is directed by Robert L. Hirsch. Present plans call for the installation at Livermore next spring of a dedicated class-IV computer that will be the hub of a nationwide network connecting the four major CTR laboratories to the central site by wide-band leased lines.
Class D and class E selectable power amplifier (2009)

A switching power amplifier which can be operated as a class D amplifier and a class E amplifier is proposed. The proposed circuit can be operated as a high efficiency soft switching power amplifier at a high operating frequency and it also can be operated as a class D amplifier at a low operating frequency.
A Convenient Route for the Synthesis of 3‐Deazaspongosine (2013)

Abstract The first chemical synthesis of the 3‐deazaspongosine nucleoside is described, starting from commercially available 4‐amino‐2,6‐dichloropyridine. The key step is the introduction of required functional groups at the 2 and 6 positions of the 4‐amino‐3‐nitropyridine without any conflict in the synthesis of nucleobase. Regioselective nucleophilic substitution with allyl alkoxide at the 2 position of 4‐amino‐2,6‐dimethoxypyridine, followed by sequential deallylation and chlorination led to the desired 2‐chloro derivative. Ring closure of the 3,4‐diaminopyridine and stereoselective glycosylation of the imidazo[4,5‐ c ]pyridine with tetraacetate‐protected ribofuranose gave only the N 9 ‐β‐isomer. A final nucleophilic displacement of the 6‐chloride by hydrazine followed by reduction with Raney Nickel gave the desired 3‐deazaspongosine.
On Rotational Invariance for Texture Recognition (2005)

In this paper we analyze the effect of rotational invariant operators for texture recognition using cross-validation experiments with different sample sizes. This work presents three main contributions. First, invariant operators for steerable filter banks are derived analytically using the Lie group approach. Second, the use of “randomized invariants” for steerable texture analysis is introduced. Randomized invariants produce classification rates that are intermediate between those of non-invariant and of invariant features. Third, a thorough quantitative analysis is presented, highlighting the relationship between classification performances and training sample size, textural characteristics of the data set, and classification algorithm. 1.
One-Sided and Two-Sided Tolerance Intervals in General Mixed and Random Effects Models Using Small-Sample Asymptotics (2012)

The computation of tolerance intervals in mixed and random effects models has not been satisfactorily addressed in a general setting when the data are unbalanced and/or when covariates are present. This article derives satisfactory one-sided and two-sided tolerance intervals in such a general scenario, by applying small-sample asymptotic procedures. In the case of one-sided tolerance limits, the problem reduces to the interval estimation of a percentile, and accurate confidence limits are derived using small-sample asymptotics. In the case of a two-sided tolerance interval, the problem does not reduce to an interval estimation problem; however, it is possible to derive an approximate margin of error statistic that is an upper confidence limit for a linear combination of the variance components. For the latter problem, small-sample asymptotic procedures can once again be used to arrive at an accurate upper confidence limit. In the article, balanced and unbalanced data situations are treated separately, and computational issues are addressed in detail. Extensive numerical results show that the tolerance intervals derived based on small-sample asymptotics exhibit satisfactory performance regardless of the sample size. The results are illustrated using some examples. Some technical derivations, additional simulation results, and R codes are available online as supplementary materials.
AQUARIUS: Logic Simulation on an Engineering Workstation (1983)

Aquarius is an interactive hierarchical logic simulator designed to run in a multiple window (concurrent processing) environment on an Engineering Workstation. This approach lets an engineer iterate conveniently between simulation and modification of the logic model or input patterns. Because Aquarius is hierarchical, any subtree of the model may be simulated, facilitating bottom-up design verification. Aquarius uses an event-driven selective trace algorithm and 9 logic states. It models the bidirectional nature of NMOS and CMOS pass elements with a variation of the Sherwood algorithm, which uses pairs of unidirectional gates and inserts phantom zero-delay elements at junction points. This modified algorithm precludes the possibility of erroneous feedback that can result from application of the Sherwood approach for certain network topologies. The Aquarius interactive user interface is menu driven; its progressive disclosure approach uses a form fill-in paradigm and postfix syntax that is keystroke efficient and natural for engineers.
Distribution and Morphology of Oil Deposits in Some Deep Fried Products (1987)

ABSTRACT The distribution of oil taken up during frying was investigated in chips, snacks, and fries using red‐stained oil. The effect of pre‐drying using microwaving and lyophilization was also examined in chips. These studies indicated that some oil uptake occurred during frying which was not exclusively an end of frying effect. The distribution of oil depended upon the structure of the food and the ease of moisture loss. Oil uptake was influenced by slice thickness, the moisture content, its distribution and ease of transfer, the cutting edge, and degree of blistering during frying. Oil was associated with areas of moisture loss.
Intraocular lens calculations status after corneal refractive surgery (2000)

With the increasing number of keratorefractive surgical procedures, an increasing number of cataract surgeries in eyes after keratorefractive surgery is anticipated within a few decades. Although cataract extraction seems to be feasible without major technical obstacles, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation turned out to be problematic. Insertion of the measured average K-readings (= "central corneal power" = keratometric diopters) after myopic radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), or laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) into standard IOL power-predictive formulas commonly results in substantial undercorrection and postoperative hyperopic refraction or anisometropia. In this article, the major reasons for IOL power miscalculations (which are different for RK versus RRK/LASIK) are discussed based on model calculations and based on case series of cataract surgeries, methods for improved assessment of keratometric diopters as the major underlying problem are exemplary illustrated, and finally a clinical step-by-step approach to minimize IOL power miscalculations status after corneal refractive surgery is suggested. The "clinical history method" (i.e., subtraction of the spherical equivalent [SEQ] change after refractive surgery from the original K-reading) should be applied whenever refraction and K-reading before the keratorefractive procedure are available to cataract surgeons. In addition, more than one modern third-generation formula (e.g., Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, or SRK/T) but not a regression formula (e.g., SRK I or SRK II) should be applied and the highest resulting IOL power should be used for the implant.
Verfahren zur Prüfung eines Inhibitors gegen Chlorid‐Korrosion an unlegiertem Stahl (1968)

Abstract Schnellversuch zur Prüfung eines Inhibitors gegen Lochfraß in stählernen Heizöltanks. Zeit/Potentialkurven zur Ermittlung des stabilen Ruhepotentials geben keine sichere Auskunft über die Wirkung verschieden starker Inhibitorzusätze. Je nach Inhibitordosierung tritt in gewissen Abständen vom Ruhepotential ein steiler, mit Lochfraß verbundener Stromanstieg auf. Die potentiostatische Messung des Durchbruchpotentials der Cl‐Ionen ist zwar exakt, aber sehr zeitraubend, weshalb Versuche mit kinetischer Polarisation (2 mV/min) gemacht wurden. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse ist der Stahl nur dann gegen Lochfraß geschützt, wenn die Polarisation bis zur Sauerstoffentwicklung getrieben werden kann, ohne daß es zum Durchbruch von Chlorionen kommt. Die Versuchsdauer beträgt hierbei nur einen Tag, im Gegensatz zu 3 bis 5 onaten bei Standversuchen.
370-W Output Power GaN-FET Amplifier with Low Distortion for W-CDMA Base Stations (2006)

High output power and low intermodulation distortion (IMD) GaN-FET amplifiers are highly sought after for W-CDMA base stations. In order to obtain high output power, we have developed a field-modulating plate GaN-FET with a high maximum drain current and a high gate-to-drain breakdown voltage. Also, in order to suppress the memory effects that obstruct digital predistortion (DPD) linearization in W-CDMA power amplifiers, we have newly developed the bias network, in which frequency-dependent impedance at the base band of multi-carrier W-CDMA signals is reduced. As a result, the GaN-FET amplifier developed for W-CDMA base stations achieves a record 370-W W-CDMA peak output power, and a low DPD linearized IMD of less than -50 dBc at the highest W-CDMA average output power of over 60 W, resulting in a significant improvement of DPD linearization not only in IM3 but also in IMS and IM7
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein induces degradation of CD4 in vitro: the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 contributes to Vpu sensitivity (1993)

CD4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein which functions as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor for infection of human host cells. We have recently demonstrated that Vpu, an HIV type 1 (HIV-1) encoded integral membrane phosphoprotein, induces rapid degradation of CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this report, we describe an in vitro model system that allowed us to define important parameters for Vpu-dependent CD4 degradation. The rate of CD4 decay in rabbit reticulocyte lysate was approximately one-third of that observed previously in tissue culture experiments in the presence of Vpu (40 versus 12 min) and required no other HIV-1 encoded proteins. Degradation was contingent on the presence of microsomal membranes in the assay and the coexpression of Vpu and CD4 in the same membrane compartment. By using the in vitro degradation assay, the effects of specific mutations in CD4, including C-terminal truncations and glycosylation mutants, were analyzed. The results of these experiments indicate that Vpu has the capacity to induce degradation of glycosylated as well as nonglycosylated membrane-associated CD4. Truncation of 13 C-terminal amino acids of CD4 did not affect the ability of Vpu to induce its degradation. However, the removal of 32 amino acids from the C-terminus of CD4 completely abolished sensitivity to Vpu. This suggests that Vpu targets specific sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 to induce its degradation. We also analyzed the effects of mutations in Vpu on its biological activity in the in vitro CD4 degradation assay. The results of these experiments suggest that sequences critical for this function of Vpu are located in its hydrophilic C-terminal domain.
Effective random space vector modulation for EMI reduction in low-cost PWM inverters (1998)

Experimental investigation of electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects in an induction motor drive with a PWM voltage-source inverter is described. A novel, simple version of random pulse width modulation (RPWM) based on the space-vector PWM technique is employed. The switching frequency of the inverter is varied randomly from one switching interval to another, but in contrast to the existing RPWM techniques, only two values of the switching frequency are used. This simplifies the control algorithm and selection of settings of current controller spectra of EMI conducted to mains and of the output voltage are presented and compared with the deterministic and multiple-frequency cases.