gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low power time-of-arrival ranging front end based on a 8-channel 2.2mW, 53ps single-shot-precision Time-to-Digital converter (2011)

A ranging front end for low power cm-accurate ranging applications, based on an 8-channel Time-to-Digital converter, is presented. The implementation, fully digitizing pulses with a pulse rate up to 33MHz, contains 8 non-strobed comparators attached to an 8-channel, low power, 74ps resolution, 53ps single shot precision TDC-array, interconnected through 200mV low swing bit line signaling. The complete system consumes 4.7mW in active mode and the integrated TDC is competitive to state-of-the-art sub-100ps resolution multiple TDC-core integrations in terms of power per core and area. The complete pulse digitization enables implementation of a wide variety of time-of-arrival estimation techniques in the digital back end.
Distributed key generation protocol with a new complaint management strategy (2016)

Abstract A distributed key generation (DKG) protocol is a fundamental building block for many threshold cryptosystems. It allows a set of participants to jointly generate a shared secret key without using a trusted party. In 1991, Pedersen proposed the first DKG protocol called Joint‐Feldman DKG. However, it was proved later that this protocol does not guarantee a uniformly random distribution of generated keys. Despite this flaw in the security requirements, Pedersen's DKG protocol has been used for several years as central component to design threshold cryptosystems. Note that most of the solutions proposed in the literature to improve the Pedersen's DKG protocol have several disadvantages. They use private channels, require participants to reveal their secret shares to solve complaints, and use costly computations. This makes them complex and not easy to use in practical situations. In this paper, we present at first an extended version of Joint‐Feldman DKG that ensures a uniform distribution of the generated keys. Then we present a DKG protocol with public channels that use a new strategy to manage complaints without revealing the shares of the secrets held by honest participants and that clearly identifies dishonest participants. We prove that our solution satisfies the security requirements of DKG protocols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perinatal deiodinase 2 expression in hepatocytes defines epigenetic susceptibility to liver steatosis and obesity (2015)

Thyroid hormone binds to nuclear receptors and regulates gene transcription. Here we report that in mice, at around the first day of life, there is a transient surge in hepatocyte type 2 deiodinase (D2) that activates the prohormone thyroxine to the active hormone triiodothyronine, modifying the expression of ∼165 genes involved in broad aspects of hepatocyte function, including lipid metabolism. Hepatocyte-specific D2 inactivation (ALB-D2KO) is followed by a delay in neonatal expression of key lipid-related genes and a persistent reduction in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression. Notably, the absence of a neonatal D2 peak significantly modifies the baseline and long-term hepatic transcriptional response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Overall, changes in the expression of approximately 400 genes represent the HFD response in control animals toward the synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides, whereas in ALB-D2KO animals, the response is limited to a very different set of only approximately 200 genes associated with reverse cholesterol transport and lipase activity. A whole genome methylation profile coupled to multiple analytical platforms indicate that 10-20% of these differences can be related to the presence of differentially methylated local regions mapped to sites of active/suppressed chromatin, thus qualifying as epigenetic modifications occurring as a result of neonatal D2 inactivation. The resulting phenotype of the adult ALB-D2KO mouse is dramatic, with greatly reduced susceptibility to diet-induced steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity.
Jason-1 Geophysical Performance Evaluation Special Issue: Jason-1 Calibration/Validation (2003)

The Jason-1 satellite was launched on 7 December 2001 with the primary objective of continuing the high accuracy time series of altimeter measurements that began with the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to validate the performance of the Jason-1 measurement system, and to verify that its error budget is at least at the same level as that of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. The article reviews the main components of the Jason-1 altimetric error budget from instrument characterization to the geophysical use of the data. Using the Interim Geophysical Data Records (16DR) that were distributed to the Jason-1 Science Working Team during the verification phase of the mission, it is shown that the Jason-1 mission is performing well enough to continue studies of the large-scale features of the ocean, and especially to continue time series of mean sea-level variations with an accuracy comparable to TOPEX/Poseidon.
An investigation into the proteolytic cleavage of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in PC-12 cells (1994)

Conference Article| February 01 1994 An investigation into the proteolytic cleavage of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in PC-12 cells DOMINIC M. WALSH; DOMINIC M. WALSH 1Division of Biochemistry, School of Biology and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CARVELL H. WILLIAMS; CARVELL H. WILLIAMS 1Division of Biochemistry, School of Biology and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HILARY E. KENNEDY; HILARY E. KENNEDY 1Division of Biochemistry, School of Biology and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DAVID ALLSOP DAVID ALLSOP 1Division of Biochemistry, School of Biology and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (1): 14S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022014s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DOMINIC M. WALSH, CARVELL H. WILLIAMS, HILARY E. KENNEDY, DAVID ALLSOP; An investigation into the proteolytic cleavage of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in PC-12 cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1994; 22 (1): 14S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022014s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cyber Physical Systems: Design Challenges (2008)

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation and physical processes. Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, usually with feedback loops where physical processes affect computations and vice versa. The economic and societal potential of such systems is vastly greater than what has been realized, and major investments are being made worldwide to develop the technology. There are considerable challenges, particularly because the physical components of such systems introduce safety and reliability requirements qualitatively different from those in general- purpose computing. Moreover, physical components are qualitatively different from object-oriented software components. Standard abstractions based on method calls and threads do not work. This paper examines the challenges in designing such systems, and in particular raises the question of whether today's computing and networking technologies provide an adequate foundation for CPS. It concludes that it will not be sufficient to improve design processes, raise the level of abstraction, or verify (formally or otherwise) designs that are built on today's abstractions. To realize the full potential of CPS, we will have to rebuild computing and networking abstractions. These abstractions will have to embrace physical dynamics and computation in a unified way.
Monosex production of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus using different doses of 17α-methyltestosterone with respect to the degree of sex stability after one year of treatment (2012)

With the purpose of solving some practical problems concerning the complete masculinization of Oreochromis niloticus by oral administration of 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT) with respect to the dose of the hormone used, different doses of 17α-MT (40, 60 and 80 mg of 17α-MT/kg of feed) were orally administered to sexually undifferentiated fries from the 7th to the 28th day posthatching to produce all male tilapia population. After 15, 35 and 75 days and 1 year of treatment, growth parameters, survival rate, sex ratio and gonad histology of the resulting larvae and fish were demonstrated. The results showed that the highest survival rates of the fry were recorded in the group treated with 60 mg of 17α-MT/kg of feed compared to the control group, 40 and 80 mg of 17α-MT/kg of feed treated groups. The maximum sex ratios of males (95% and 97%) were recorded at 60 mg of 17α-MT/kg of diet after 75 days and one year of treatment respectively. After the first year, the degree of sex stability was observed significantly shifted towards males. The histological examination showed that the treatment caused an increase in male gonad recrudescence in most of the treated fish. In presumed genetic females, there are oocytes of young stages, gonial germ cells and different stages of degenerating oocytes within the period around 35 days posthatching. The present results concluded that 17α-MT has a potential effect in directing gonadal sex differentiation of OreochromisOreochromis niloticus towards males according to the dose involved in the treatment.
Optical waveguide parabolic coupling horns (1977)

We propose parabolic-shaped coupling horns to provide adiabatic transition regions between wide- and narrow-channel optical waveguides. The parabolic shape is shown to derive from a simple ray model of channel propagation and is consistent with diffraction theory in the wide-channel limit. An approximate mode dispersion theory is used to convert the criteria into a horn design for indiffused channel waveguides. Experimental horn transmission measurements of nearly 90% are reported for transitions from 25 μm to 8, 6, and 4 μm in Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides at 0.6328 μm.
Performance Improvement and Power Consumption Reduction of an Embedded RISC Core (2012)

This paper presents a branch prediction algorithm and a 4-way set-associative cache for performance improvement of an embedded RISC core and a clock-gating algorithm with observability don’t care (ODC) operation to reduce the power consumption of the core. The branch prediction algorithm has a structure using a branch target buffer (BTB) and 4-way set associative cache that has a lower miss rate than a direct-mapped cache. Pseudo-least recently used (LRU) policy is used for reducing the number of LRU bits. The clock-gating algorithm reduces dynamic power consumption. As a result of estimation of the performance and the dynamic power, the performance of the OpenRISC core applied to the proposed architecture is improved about 29% and the dynamic power of the core with the Chartered 0.18 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX> technology library is reduced by 16%.
The 5-hydroxytryptamine-nitric oxide connection: the key link in the initiation of migraine? (1995)

The evidence for an involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and nitric oxide (NO) in the initiation of migraine is reviewed. Based on this, the following scenario is proposed. Endogenous 5-HT, arising perhaps from platelets but more likely from perivascular 5-HT-containing neurons in response to different types of "stress", would activate 5-HT2B/5-HT2C receptors on endothelial cells of the cerebral vasculature to release NO. Nitric oxide would, by directly activating sensory neurons, induce neurotransmitter release, plasma extravasation, pain and hyperalgesia. The result would be induction of the "sterile" inflammatory response, believed to be the key step in the development of migraine.
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Silicon Using O<sub>2</sub>, HF, and Al(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as the Reactants (2018)

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of silicon was performed using O2, HF, and Al(CH3)3 as the reactants at temperatures from 225 to 290 °C. This thermal etching process is based on Si oxidation using O2 and conversion of SiO2 to Al2O3 using trimethylaluminum (TMA). Al2O3 is then fluorinated by HF to produce AlF3 prior to removal of AlF3 by a ligand-exchange reaction with TMA. Thermal Si ALE was studied using silicon-on-insulator wafers. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was employed to monitor simultaneously both the thickness of the top SiO2 layer and the underlying silicon film during Si ALE. These studies revealed that the silicon film thickness decreased linearly with the number of reaction cycles while the thickness of the SiO2 layer remained constant. Using an O2–HF–TMA exposure sequence, the Si ALE etch rate was 0.4 Å/cycle at 290 °C. This etch rate was obtained using static reactant pressures of 250, 1.0, and 1.0 Torr and exposure times of 10, 5, and 5 s for O2, HF, and TMA, respectively. The SiO2 thickness was 10–11 Å under these reaction conditions at 290 °C. The Si ALE etch rate increased with O2 and TMA pressure before reaching a limiting etch rate at higher O2 and TMA pressures. The order of the reactants affected the Si etch rate. Changing the exposure sequence from O2–HF–TMA to O2–TMA–HF decreased the etch rate from 0.4 to 0.2 Å/cycle at 290 °C. Decreasing the etch temperature below 290 °C also resulted in a decrease in the Si etch rate. Atomic force microscopy measurements determined that the root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of the surface was 2.0 ± 0.2 Å before and after Si ALE using the optimum reaction conditions. Decreasing the static O2 pressures below 250 Torr decreased the etch rate and also increased the RMS surface roughness. There was no evidence of any change in the Si ALE process for ultrathin Si films with thicknesses of <100 Å in the quantum confinement regime. Thermal Si ALE should be useful for silicon applications in many areas, including electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and photonics.
The role of PTEN - HCV core interaction in hepatitis C virus replication (2017)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to severe liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumour suppressor, is frequently mutated or deleted in HCC tumors. PTEN has previously been demonstrated to inhibit HCV secretion. In this study, we determined the effects of PTEN on the other steps in HCV life cycle, including entry, translation, and replication. We showed that PTEN inhibits HCV entry through its lipid phosphatase activity. PTEN has no effect on HCV RNA translation. PTEN decreases HCV replication and the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN is essential for this function. PTEN interacts with the HCV core protein and requires R50 in domain I of HCV core and PTEN residues 1-185 for this interaction. This interaction is required for PTEN-mediated inhibition of HCV replication. This gives rise to a reduction in PTEN levels and intracellular lipid abundance, which may in turn regulate HCV replication. HCV core domain I protein increases the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN in an in vitro assay, suggesting that HCV infection can also regulate PTEN. Taken together, our results demonstrated an important regulatory role of PTEN in the HCV life cycle.
Interpolation in Time Series: An Introductive Overview of Existing Methods, Their Performance Criteria and Uncertainty Assessment (2017)

A thorough review has been performed on interpolation methods to fill gaps in time-series, efficiency criteria, and uncertainty quantifications. On one hand, there are numerous available methods: interpolation, regression, autoregressive, machine learning methods, etc. On the other hand, there are many methods and criteria to estimate efficiencies of these methods, but uncertainties on the interpolated values are rarely calculated. Furthermore, while they are estimated according to standard methods, the prediction uncertainty is not taken into account: a discussion is thus presented on the uncertainty estimation of interpolated/extrapolated data. Finally, some suggestions for further research and a new method are proposed.
Obstacle detection using Virtual Disparity Image for non-flat road (2008)

The driving support is one of most important research area in intelligent transport system (ITS). Moreover, obstacle extraction system is one of most important system. In our previous report, we proposed an obstacle extraction method using stereovision system. In this system, traditional ldquov-disparityrdquo approach was extended to more flexible system by using virtual disparity image. Hereby obstacles can be extracted even if the vehicle has large roll movement. However, our system has still problem when a road shape cannot be approximated as a flat plane. In this paper, we propose road shape recognition method using dynamic programming (DP) and our method is extended to a new method suitable for a non-flat road.
Mechanisms for plasma etching of HfO2 gate stacks with Si selectivity and photoresist trimming (2009)

To minimize leakage currents resulting from the thinning of the insulator in the gate stack of field effect transistors, high-dielectric constant (high-k) metal oxides, and HfO2 in particular, are being implemented as a replacement for SiO2. To speed the rate of processing, it is desirable to etch the gate stack (e.g., metal gate, antireflection layers, and dielectric) in a single process while having selectivity to the underlying Si. Plasma etching using Ar/BCl3/Cl2 mixtures effectively etches HfO2 while having good selectivity to Si. In this article, results from integrated reactor and feature scale modeling of gate-stack etching in Ar/BCl3/Cl2 plasmas, preceded by photoresist trimming in Ar/O2 plasmas, are discussed. It was found that BCln species react with HfO2, which under ion impact, form volatile etch products such as BmOCln and HfCln. Selectivity to Si is achieved by creating Si–B bonding as a precursor to the deposition of a BCln polymer which slows the etch rate relative to HfO2. The low ion energies required to achieve this selectivity then challenge one to obtain highly anisotropic profiles in the metal gate portion of the stack. Validation was performed with data from literature. The effect of bias voltage and key reactant probabilities on etch rate, selectivity, and profile are discussed.
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic (1996)

Recently the notion of self-similarity has been shown to apply to wide-area and local-area network traffic. In this paper we examine the mechanisms that give rise to the self-similarity of network traffic. We present a hypothesized explanation for the possible self-similarity of traffic by using a particular subset of wide area traffic: traffic due to the World Wide Web (WWW). Using an extensive set of traces of actual user executions of NCSA Mosaic, reflecting over half a million requests for WWW documents, we examine the dependence structure of WWW traffic. While our measurements are not conclusive, we show evidence that WWW traffic exhibits behavior that is consistent with self-similar traffic models. Then we show that the self-similarity in such traffic can be explained based on the underlying distributions of WWW document sizes, the effects of caching and user preference in file transfer, the effect of user "think time", and the superimposition of many such transfers in a local area network. To do this we rely on empirically measured distributions both from our traces and from data independently collected at over thirty WWW sites.
A primate model for prolonged endotoxin shock. Blood-vascular reactions and effects of glucocorticoid treatment. (1978)

A primate model was developed to study sequential blood-vascular responses, primarily of the lung and liver, and hematologic changes during prolonged endotoxemia with or without glucocorticoid treatment. In this model, pairs of animals, one with intermittent glucocorticoid regimen, were continuously infused with endotoxin throughout the experimental period. The duration of the experiment and the onset of progressive shock could be adjusted by changing the rate of endotoxin infusion. Endotoxemia at a rate of 10 mg. per kg. per hour resulted in progressive shick which was significantly delayed with glucocorticoid treatment. Endotoxin-induced hematologic alterations included early leukopenia and gradual development of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Morphologic studies revealed margination of neutrophils and mononuclear cells in the microcirculation of lung and liver. These changes were associated with sustained phagocytosis of endotoxin by the sequestered leukocytes and Kupffer cells, degranulation of the hepatic sinusoids and spaces of Disse contained extensive fibrinous deposits which in advanced stages of shock were accompanied by midzonal and centrilobular necrosis. Pulmonary lesions included margination, degranulation and fragmentation of leukocytes, early appearance of fibrin in hepatic sinusoids, and rapid development of disseminated intravascular coagulation, endothelial damage and associated lesions of lung and liver. The results indicate that events relating to sustained phagocytosis of endotoxin by the marginating leukocytes initiate a state of intravascular inflammation with disseminated intravascular coagulation and play a vasic role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary and hepatic lesions during prolonged endotoxemia leading to shock. The findings also suggest that glucocorticoid treatment attenuates endotoxin-induced blood-vascular reactions thereby providing an early protection against the development of shock and structural damage to the lung and liver.
Highlights Extraction from Sports Video Based on An Audio-Visual Marker Detection Framework (2005)

We propose to use a visual object (e.g., the baseball catcher) detection algorithm to find local, semantic objects in video frames in addition to an audio classification algorithm to find semantic audio objects in the audio track for sports highlights extraction. The highlight candidates are then further grouped into finer-resolution highlight segments, using color or motion information. During the grouping phase, many of the false alarms can be correctly identified and eliminated. Our experimental results with baseball, soccer and golf video are promising.