gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Kerr constant and response time of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal with a reactive diluent (2013)

A polymer-stabilized (PS) blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) with fast response time and large Kerr constant is investigated by doping a low molecular weight monomer (N-vinylpyrrollidone) into a conventional PS-BPLC consisting of BPLC, RM257, and 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane triacrylate. With this polymer network system, Kerr constant and the response can be improved simultaneously. Compared to the conventional PS-BPLC, Kerr constant of the proposed PS-BPLC can increase by 54% and the response time can decrease by 23% at the same time. The contrast ratio can be kept at a high level, over 1000:1 at λ = 633 nm.
The EPFL Combinational Benchmark Suite (2019)

The EPFL Combinational Benchmark Suite was introduced in 2015 with the aim of defining a new comparative standard for the logic optimization and synthesis community. It originally consisted of 23 combinational circuits designed to challenge modern logic optimization tools. The benchmark suite is divided into arithmetic, random/control and MtM circuits, and each circuit is distributed in Verilog, VHDL, BLIF and AIGER formats. Results for best LUT-6 implementations can be found at: https://github.com/lsils/benchmarks
Somatic <i>CALR</i> Mutations in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms with Nonmutated <i>JAK2</i> (2013)

Somatic mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone CALR were found in a majority of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2. (Funded by the Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund and others.).
Mucin Biophysics (1995)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Measuring Various Properties of Execution Traces to Help Build Better Trace Analysis Tools (2005)

Understanding the behavior of a software system by studying its execution traces can be extremely difficult due to the sheer size and complexity of typical traces. In this paper, we propose that if various aspects that contribute to a trace's complexity could be measured and if this information could be used by tools, then trace analysis could be facilitated. For this purpose, we present a set of simple and practical metrics that aim at measuring various properties of execution traces. We also show the results of applying these metrics to traces of three software systems and suggest how the results could be used to improve existing trace analysis tools.
Readings (1998)

This poem by Alice Meynell (1869) is one of the most serious of nineteenth-century poems about Keats. The rambling length, both of the poem and of the shifting feet of lines, attests to the entwining of the poet in her subject, which is the spirit of poetry operating currently in the dead Keats and the living Meynell. The opening paragraph ascribes to death the unnatural attention accorded Keats by those who buried him, unable as they were to let the season, in its own time, acknowledge his cathexis to flowers. Yet death, in February, does not preclude his absorption in flowers because, in his case, the home of this poet is the home of the growth of all things.KeywordsCrimson CloverSweet ScentSilent TimeSmall GraveWild ThingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Expedient synthesis of unsaturated amide alkaloids from <i>Piper</i> spp: Exploring the scope of recent methodology (1996)

The Sakai aryl aldehyde – cyclic ketone aldol – Grob fragmentation sequence was extended to cinnamaldehyde and cyclohexanone, and the product was elaborated to analogues of the alkaloid piperstachine. The effects of substituents on the reaction involving cinnamaldehyde were studied. The aldol-fragmentation sequence failed with benzaldehyde when cyclooctanone or cyclobutanone was substituted for cyclohexanone or cyclopentanone, and the reasons for this failure were examined. Four-carbon Wittig homologation of the piperonal–cyclobutanone aldol-fragmentation product, a hypothetical route to alkaloids such as retrofractamide A, was thus not viable. Instead, three-carbon homologation of the readily available piperonal–cyclopentanone product, using alkyne chemistry recently disclosed by Lu and Trost, afforded these alkaloids in excellent overall yield. The alkyne isomerization was also used to effect efficient syntheses of pellitorine and several other non-aromatic 2E,4E-dienoic Piper amide alkaloids. Key words: Piper, amides, alkaloids, insecticides, aldol, fragmentation, cinnamaldehydes, alkyne, redox, isomerization.
Chirality Induction in Cyclopolymerization. 8. Cyclocopolymerization of 1,2:5,6-Di-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene- 3,4-di-<i>O</i>-methacryloyl-<scp>d</scp>-mannitol with Styrene (1997)

Radical cyclocopolymerization of the dimethacrylate 1 (M1), which was derived from 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-mannitol, with styrene (M2) induced new chirality in the polymer chain. The removal of the chiral template in the copolymer 2 followed by treatment with diazomethane gave optically active poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) (4). Polymer 4 had more active chirality upon increasing the M1 unit, thus indicating that the new chirality should be induced by the M1 diad unit rather than the isolated M1 unit. Characteristics of monomer 1 include the considerably higher fraction of tactic triad rr in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) derived from the homopolymerization and the larger probability of forming the racemo diad of the M1 unit during the intermolecular reaction of the copolymerization. In polymer 4, the origin of chirality was assigned to the chiral tetrad sequences of the MMA unit which were induced by participation of the racemo configuration.
What happens to cellulosic fibers during papermaking and recycling? A review (2007)

Both reversible and irreversible changes take place as cellulosic fibers are manufactured into paper products one or more times. This review considers both physical and chemical changes. It is proposed that by understanding these changes one can make better use of cellulosic fibers at various stages of their life cycles, achieving a broad range of paper performance characteristics. Some of the changes that occur as a result of recycling are inherent to the fibers themselves. Other changes may result from the presence of various contaminants associated with the fibers as a result of manufacturing processes and uses. The former category includes an expected loss of swelling ability and decreased wet-flexibility, especially after kraft fibers are dried. The latter category includes effects of inks, de-inking agents, stickies, and additives used during previous cycles of papermaking.
Heterocyclic Esters Exhibiting Frustrated Liquid Crystal Phases (1997)

Abstract A series of novel heterocyclic esters has been prepared based on selenophene, thiophene and furan units; for comparison the parent, phenyl analogue was also prepared. All the materials except the least linear furan analogue are mesogenic and exhibit the SA, SC*, SC*ferri and SC*anti liquid crystalline phases. In addition, the selenophene material exhibits a higher ordered antiferroelectric phase which has been designated the antiferroelectric smectic I (SI*anti) phase and below this the SI* phase was generated. The synthesis, mesomorphic behaviour and physical properties of the materials are reported.
Rate-equation analysis of output efficiency and modulation rate of photonic-crystal light-emitting diodes (2000)

The performance characteristics of photonic-crystal light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are analyzed, taking into account the effects of both nonradiative recombination and photon reabsorption processes using multimode rate equations. It is shown that, in the presence of strong photon reabsorption, the optimum output efficiency and modulation rates are achieved when the width of the photon density-of-state distribution function is comparable to the width of the spontaneous emission lineshape of the active material. On the other hand, when photon reabsorption is weak, it becomes beneficial to construct high-Q cavities. Based on this analysis, the characteristics of different photonic crystal LED configurations are discussed.
Identification of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor subtypes in the lacrimal gland and their signal-transducing components. (1997)

All components of the VIP signal transduction pathway in the lacrimal gland were present. These findings are consistent with a pathway where VIP released from parasympathetic nerves binds to VIPRs types I and II, activating G proteins, which in turn stimulate AC present on myoepithelial and acinar cells. The AC increases the intracellular cAMP concentration, which activates PKA to stimulate protein secretion. The VIP also stimulated Ca2+ influx, which could play a role in secretion.
Opposing modulatory effects of D1- and D2-like receptor activation on a spinal central pattern generator (2012)

The role of dopamine in regulating spinal cord function is receiving increasing attention, but its actions on spinal motor networks responsible for rhythmic behaviors remain poorly understood. Here, we have explored the modulatory influence of dopamine on locomotory central pattern generator (CPG) circuitry in the spinal cord of premetamorphic Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Bath application of exogenous dopamine to isolated brain stem-spinal cords exerted divergent dose-dependent effects on spontaneous episodic patterns of locomotory-related activity recorded extracellularly from spinal ventral roots. At low concentration (2 μM), dopamine reduced the occurrence of bursts and fictive swim episodes and increased episode cycle periods. In contrast, at high concentration (50 μM) dopamine reversed its actions on fictive swimming, now increasing both burst and swim episode occurrences while reducing episode periods. The low-dopamine effects were mimicked by the D2-like receptor agonists bromocriptine and quinpirole, whereas the D1-like receptor agonist SKF 38393 reproduced the effects of high dopamine. Furthermore, the motor response to the D1-like antagonist SCH 23390 resembled that to the D2 agonists, whereas the D2-like antagonist raclopride mimicked the effects of the D1 agonist. Together, these findings indicate that dopamine plays an important role in modulating spinal locomotor activity. Moreover, the transmitter's opposing influences on the same target CPG are likely to be accomplished by a specific, concentration-dependent recruitment of independent D2- and D1-like receptor signaling pathways that differentially mediate inhibitory and excitatory actions.
Acylamido boronic acids and difluoroborane analogs of amino acids: potent inhibitors of chymotrypsin and elastase (1985)

A series of 1-acylamino boronic acids (IA-VA), analogues of the amino acids phenylalanine, phenylglycine, alanine, valine, and isoleucine, were prepared as potential transition-state inhibitors of the serine proteases alpha-chymotrypsin and elastase, by a boronate homologation reaction. The corresponding difluoroboranes (IB-VB), produced from the boronic acids by treatment with HF, were more easily purified than the boronic acids. Since the difluoroboranes readily hydrolyze in water, they proved to be convenient precursors for the boronic acids. The phenylalanine and phenylglycine analogues I and II were good competitive inhibitors of alpha-chymotrypsin (Ki = 0.3-8 microM), and the alanine, valine, and isoleucine analogues (III-IV) proved to be good inhibitors of elastase (Ki = 0.1-35 microM). On the basis of their high affinity and the tendency of boronic acids to form borate complexes, these acylamino boronic acids may be behaving as transition-state inhibitors.
Estimation of the parameters of a multipath channel using set-theoretic deconvolution (1992)

A method for the estimation of the parameters of multipath communication channels is developed. The method makes use of matched filtering, set-theoretic deconvolution and autoregressive modeling. Pulse compression waveforms are used as channel probing signals. The results of a feasibility study in which the proposed method is applied to specular multipath channels to estimate the multipath parameters at a number of different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved growth of Campylobacter pylori in a biphasic system (1989)

The recovery of Campylobacter pylori from clinical specimens is difficult, even when done with an optimal medium, atmosphere, and temperature. The growth of this organism was investigated by comparing a biphasic system with broth culture. The effects of gyration, inoculum, and pH were studied. Brucella agar and broth supplemented with 2.5% fetal bovine serum were used. Growth in the biphasic system was an average of 2 log units (7 X 10(8) versus 5 X 10(6) CFU/ml) greater than that in the broth system (P less than 0.01), and this occurred 12 to 24 h sooner in the biphasic system. When gyration was added, an average of 1 log unit of growth improvement was seen in comparable systems. Improved growth was also seen with low inoculum levels, in which stationary-phase cells in the broth system reached 10(5) CFU/ml compared with 10(7) CFU/ml in the biphasic system. At the three pH ranges studied, growth was best at pH 8 to 9 (6 X 10(9) CFU/ml), averaging 2 log units greater growth than that at pH 6 to 7 and 4 log units greater growth than that at pH 4.5 to 5.5 (P less than 0.01). The improved recovery of the organism for low inoculum levels in a biphasic system may be important for long-term storage and clinical isolation.
Rhizosphere Response as a Factor in Competition Among Three Serogroups of Indigenous <i>Rhizobium japonicum</i> for Nodulation of Field-Grown Soybeans (1984)

Rhizosphere response was studied as a factor in competition among indigenous Rhizobium japonicum serogroups for the nodulation of soybeans under field conditions. R. japonicum serogroups 110, 123, and 138 were found to coexist in a Waukegan field soil where they were determined to be the major nodulating rhizobia in soybean nodules. Competitive relationships among the three serogroups in that soil and in rhizospheres were examined during two growing seasons with several host cultivars with and without inoculation and with a nonlegume. Enumeration of each of the three competitors was carried out on inner rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil by immunofluorescence with serogroup-specific fluorescent antibodies. Rhizobia present in early- and late-season nodules were identified by fluorescent antibody analysis. Populations of each serogroup increased gradually in host rhizospheres, not exceeding 10/g of rhizosphere soil during the first few weeks after planting, whereas numbers in fallow soil remained at initial levels (10 to 10/g). The rhizosphere effects were minor in host plants during this period of nodule initiation and were about the same for all three serogroups. Although serogroup 123 gave no evidence of dominance in early host rhizospheres, it clearly dominated in nodule composition, occupying 60 to 100% of the nodules. High densities of all three serogroups were observed in host rhizospheres during flowering. Rhizosphere populations, especially of serogroup 123, were still high during pod fill and seed maturation. The rhizosphere responses of the R. japonicum serogroups were much greater with the soybean cultivars than with oats, but even in host rhizospheres the R. japonicum populations were greatly outnumbered by other bacteria. The success of serogroup 123 in achieving nodulation does not appear to be due to superior colonization of the host rhizosphere.
COX15 Codes for a Mitochondrial Protein Essential for the Assembly of Yeast Cytochrome Oxidase (1997)

The respiratory defect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants assigned to complementation group G4 of a pet strain collection stems from their failure to synthesize cytochrome oxidase. The mutations do not affect expression of either the mitochondrially or nuclearly encoded subunits of the enzyme. The cytochrome oxidase deficiency also does not appear to be related to mitochondrial copper metabolism or heme a biosynthesis. These data suggest that the mutants are likely to be impaired in assembly of the enzyme. A gene designated COX15 has been cloned by transformation of mutants from complementation group G4. This gene is identical to reading frame YER141w on chromosome 5. To facilitate further studies, Cox15p has been expressed as a biotinylated protein. Biotinylated Cox15p fully restores cytochrome oxidase in cox15 mutants, indicating that the carboxyl-terminal sequence with biotin does not affect its function. Cox15p is a constituent of the mitochondrial inner membrane and, because of its resistance to proteolysis, probably is largely embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane. The present studies further emphasize the complexity of cytochrome oxidase assembly and report a new constituent of mitochondria involved in this process. The existence of COX15 homologs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Caenorhabditis elegans suggests that it may be widely distributed in eucaryotic organisms.
In Vitro Studies on the Effect of Physical Cross-Linking on the Biological Performance of Aliphatic Poly(urethane urea) for Blood Contact Applications (2001)

The effect of physical cross-linking in candidate cycloaliphatic and hydrophobic poly(urethane urea) (4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylisocyanate), H(12)MDI/hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene, HTPBD/hexamethylenediamine, HDA) and poly(ether urethane urea)s (H(12)MDI/HTPBD-PTMG/HDA) on the in vitro calcification and blood-material interaction was studied. All the candidate poly(urethane urea)s and poly(ether urethane urea)s elicit acceptable hemolytic activity, cytocompatibility, calcification, and blood compatibility in vitro. The studies on blood-material interaction reveal that the present poly(urethane urea)s are superior to polystyrene microtiter plates which were used for the studies on blood-material interaction. The present investigation reveals the influence of physical cross-link density on biological interaction differently with poly(urethane urea) and poly(ether urethane urea)s. The higher the physical cross-link density in the poly(urethane urea)s, the higher the calcification and consumption of WBC in whole blood. On the other hand, the higher the physical cross-link density in the poly(ether urethane urea)s, the lesser the calcification and consumption of WBC in whole blood. However a reverse of the above trend has been observed with the platelet consumption in the poly(urethane urea)s and poly(ether urethane urea)s.
New Cationic Liposomes for Gene Transfer into Mammalian Cells with High Efficiency and Low Toxicity (2001)

Novel cationic amphiphiles, based on hydrophobic cholesterol linked to L-lysinamide or L-ornithinamide, were designed and tested as nonviral gene transfer vectors. Each amide form of amino acid was conjugated to cholesterol by a carbamate ester bond to facilitate efficient degradation in animal cells. Cytotoxicity tests were performed for some cell lines. The transfection efficiency of the amphiphiles on different cell lines was evaluated as a liposomal solution in the presence of the fusogenic helper lipid, dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). The efficiency was also compared with other generally used gene carriers, such as lipofectin, 3 beta[N-(N'N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) liposome, and polyethylenimine (PEI).
High speed photodiodes in standard nanometer scale CMOS technology: a comparative study (2012)

This paper compares various techniques for improving the frequency response of silicon photodiodes fabricated in mainstream CMOS technology for fully integrated optical receivers. The three presented photodiodes, Spatially Modulated Light detectors, Double, and Interrupted P-Finger photodiodes, aim at reducing the low speed diffusive component of the photo generated current. For the first photodiode, Spatially Modulated Light (SML) detectors, the low speed current component is canceled out by converting it to a common mode current driving a differential transimpedance amplifier. The Double Photodiode (DP) uses two depletion regions to increase the fast drift component, while the Interrupted-P Finger Photodiode (IPFPD) redirects the low speed component towards a different contact from the main fast terminal of the photodiode. Extensive device simulations using 130 nm CMOS technology-parameters are presented to compare their performance using the same technological platform. Finally a new type of photodiode that uses triple well CMOS technology is introduced that can achieve a bandwidth of roughly 10 GHz without any process modification or high reverse bias voltages that would jeopardize the photodetector and subsequent transimpedance amplifier reliability.
Surface treatment of powder material by metal coatings - study of corrosion properties (2007)

Coatings by one-component Ni and two-component Ni-Co were electrodeposited onto Fe powder particles from a sulphate-based electrolyte. The coatings were deposited under galvanostatic conditions at 25oC. A fluidized bed arrangement was applied. The influence of cathodic current intensity and electrolysis time on the composition of metal coating was studied. The amount of deposited metals increased with the current intensity and with the electrolysis time. Scanning electron microscope and optical microscope were used to characterize the metal coatings.Voltammetric measurements have been conducted in order to characterize the electrochemical behaviour of Ni and Ni–Co coatings in two corrosion environments (0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 3% NaCl water solution) at laboratory temperature. It was shown that the increase in Ni content enhances the corrosion resistance of the system powder Fe/Ni coating.
Major debates on the transparency in german universities and research institutions. Funding structures and labour conditions of mid - level academic staff (2018)

This article discusses the latest developments and most relevant facts with an impact on the transparency in German universities and research institutions. The context in which universities and research institutions have to adapt to and prove efficiency has profoundly evolved during the last decades. The funding of research and academia in Germany increas-ingly depends on donors and profitable third-party funded research projects. As a conse-quence, there is more and more academic staff at universities’ departments and research in-stitutions working mainly in third-party funded projects under fixed-term employment con-tracts. This may not just have important implications for the final purpose of research and academia, but as well on core elements of the transparency in universities’ and research in-stitutions’ governance, management and funding