gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short‐ and Long‐Term Results with an Active‐Fixation, Bipolar, Polyurethane‐Insulated Atrial Pacing Lead (1996)

Since 1989, 136 Medtronic 4058 and 4058M bipolar atrial screw-in leads have been implanted at the Mayo Clinic. Early lead related complications included dislodgment in 4 (2.9%). Over a median follow-up time of 14.4 months (1 day to 3.3 years), there were 11 lead related complications (undersensing, failure to capture, diaphragmatic pacing, and gross lead dislodgment). Chronic complications resulted in reoperations in four patients (2.9%). Of 77 patients in whom pacing thresholds were measured between 2 and 4 months after implantation, 9 (11.7%) and 2 (2.6%) had high pacing thresholds and very high thresholds, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the probability of 1-year complication-free lead survival was 93.5%. There were no lead material failures. We conclude that the 4058/4058M lead implanted in the atrial position has favorable acute and chronic performance data, with a tendency toward high pacing thresholds at 3 months. The cause of this phenomenon and its course over time should be further evaluated.
Semi-supervised recognition of sarcastic sentences in Twitter and Amazon (2010)

Sarcasm is a form of speech act in which the speakers convey their message in an implicit way. The inherently ambiguous nature of sarcasm sometimes makes it hard even for humans to decide whether an utterance is sarcastic or not. Recognition of sarcasm can benefit many sentiment analysis NLP applications, such as review summarization, dialogue systems and review ranking systems. In this paper we experiment with semisupervised sarcasm identification on two very different data sets: a collection of 5.9 million tweets collected from Twitter, and a collection of 66000 product reviews from Amazon. Using the Mechanical Turk we created a gold standard sample in which each sentence was tagged by 3 annotators, obtaining F-scores of 0.78 on the product reviews dataset and 0.83 on the Twitter dataset. We discuss the differences between the datasets and how the algorithm uses them (e.g., for the Amazon dataset the algorithm makes use of structured information). We also discuss the utility of Twitter #sarcasm hashtags for the task. 1
Use your power tools wisely : cover story - leadership (2016)

The word has had a dark stigma for many years, and there is much debate has to how that stigma has come about. Many believe that power corrupts even the greatest men. Others believe that allowing others to have power is to lose your own power, while most believe that Eskom is the source of all power!
Meta-Analysis of Measures of Sexual Activity and Prostate Cancer (2002)

We conducted a meta-analysis of the association between prostate cancer and aspects of sexual activity. The data suggest an elevated relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer among men with a history of sexually transmitted infections. This was observed with both random- and fixed-effects models (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.7; N = 17 studies; heterogeneity P = 0.14), especially for syphilis (RR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3-3.9; N = 6; heterogeneity P = 0.47). Risk of prostate cancer is also associated with increasing frequency of sexual activity (RR = 1.2 for an increase of three times per week; 95% CI = 1.1-1.3; N = 12). However, these studies are heterogeneous (P < 0.001). Increasing number of sexual partners is also associated with prostate cancer (RR = 1.2 for an increase of 20 partners; 95% CI = 1.1-1.3; N = 16; heterogeneity P = 0.11). The data do not support associations with multiple marriages, age at first intercourse, or age at first marriage. These results indicate an association between prostate cancer and sexually transmitted infections, suggesting that infections may represent one mechanism through which prostate cancer develops. The mechanism through which frequency of sexual activity may be related to prostate cancer is unclear.
[IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with multiple sclerosis]. (1997)

We determined the cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 17 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 11 normal controls, by using a quantitative reverse transcription in combination with polymerase reaction (RT/PCR) and Southern blot hybridization method. A significantly higher levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma mRNA in patient with MS compared to normal controls and significantly higher level of expressions of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha mRNA were detected in active MS patients compared to those with stable desease (P < 0.05). These data further support the central role of some cytokines in the pathophysiology of this autoimmune disease.
Chromosomal Integration of Transduced Recombinant Baculovirus DNA in Mammalian Cells (2001)

Our group and others have recently demonstrated the ability of recombinant baculoviruses to transduce mammalian cells at high frequency. To further characterize the use of baculovirus as a mammalian gene delivery system, we examined the status of transduced DNA stably maintained in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Four independent clones carrying two introduced markers, the genes for neomycin resistance (Neo) and green fluorescent protein (GFP), were selected. PCR analysis, Southern blotting, and DNA sequencing showed that discrete portions of the 148-kb baculovirus DNA were present as single-copy fragments ranging in size from 5 to 18 kb. Integration into the CHO cell genome was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. For one clone, the left and right viral/chromosomal junctions were determined by DNA sequencing of inverse PCR products. Similarly, for a different clone, the left viral/chromosomal junction was determined; however, the right junction sequence revealed the joining to another viral fragment by a short homology (microhomology), a hallmark of illegitimate recombination. The random viral breakpoints and the lack of homology between the virus and flanking chromosomal sequences are also suggestive of an illegitimate integration mechanism. To examine the long-term stability of reporter gene expression, all four clones were grown continuously for 36 passages in either the presence or absence of selection for Neo. Periodic assays over a 5-month period showed no loss of GFP expression for at least two of the clones. This report represents the first detailed analysis of baculovirus integrants within mammalian cells. The potential advantages of the baculovirus system for the stable integration of genetic material into mammalian genomes are discussed.
In vitro biocompatibility of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) synthesized using tea polyphenols (2009)

A “green” protocol was used for the rapid generation of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) particles using tea polyphenols. The NZVI particles were subsequently examined for in vitro biocompatibility using the human keratinocyte cell (HaCaT) line as a representative skin exposure model. The cells were exposed to NZVI for time periods of 24 and 48 h. Biocompatibility was assessed using the methyl tetrazolium, or MTS, (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays to determine in vitro cytotoxicity. The evaluation of mitochondrial function (MTS) and membrane integrity (LDH) in human keratinocytes showed that these “green” synthesized NZVI particles were nontoxic in the human keratinocytes exposed when compared with control samples synthesized using a borohydride protocol. In fact, in most cases, these “green” nanoparticles induced a prolific response in the cellular function even at the highest concentration (100μg ml−1).
Vision-based localization and mapping for an autonomous mower (2013)

This paper presents a vision-based localization and mapping algorithm for an autonomous mower. We divide the task for robotic mowing into two separate phases, a teaching phase and a mowing phase. During the teaching phase, the mower estimates the 3D positions of landmarks and defines a boundary in the lawn with an estimate of its own trajectory. During the mowing phase, the location of the mower is estimated using the landmark and boundary map acquired from the teaching phase. Of particular interest for our work is ensuring that the estimator for landmark mapping will not fail due to the nonlinearity of the system during the teaching phase. A nonlinear observer is designed with pseudo-measurements of each landmark's depth to prevent the map estimator from diverging. Simultaneously, the boundary is estimated with an EKF. Measurements taken from an omnidirectional camera, an IMU, and a ground speed sensor are used for the estimation. Numerical simulations and offline teaching phase experiments with our autonomous mower demonstrate the potential of our algorithm.
Early expression ofAMH in chicken embryonic gonads precedes testicularSOX9 expression (1998)

In mammals, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by Sertoli cells from the onset of testicular differentiation and by granulosa cells only after birth. SOX9, a transcription factor related to the testis-determining factor SRY, is expressed in mouse testis 1 day before AMH. To determine the relationship between AMH and SOX9 in birds, we cloned the AMH promoter in search of SOX9 response elements, and we compared the expression of AMH and SOX9 in the gonads of chick embryos using in situ hybridization. Potential SOX response elements were found in the AMH promoter; however, AMH is expressed in both sexes at stage 25, 1 day before the first SOX9 transcripts appear in the male gonads. SOX9 is never expressed in the female. These results do not support the hypothesis that SOX9 could trigger the expression of testicular AMH in the chick but does not exclude a later role in testis development. Dev. Dyn. 1998;212:522–532. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Design and Demonstration of a 4 x4 SFQ Network Switch Prototype System and 10-Gbps Bit-Error-Rate Measurement (2008)

We developed a 4×4 SFQ network switch prototype system and demonstrated its operation at 10Gbps. The system's core is composed of two SFQ chips: a 4×4 switch and a 6-channel voltage driver. The 4×4 switch chip contained both a switch fabric (i. e. a data path) and a switch scheduler (i. e. a controller). Both chips were attached to a multichip-module (MCM) carrier, which was then installed in a cryocooled system with 32 10-Gbps ports. Each chip contained about 2100 Josephson junctions on a 5-mm×5-mm die. An NEC standard 2.5-kA/cm2 fabrication process was used for the switch chip. We increased the critical current density to 10kA/cm2 for the driver chip to improve speed while maintaining wide bias margins. MCM implementation enabled us to use a hybrid critical current density technology. Voltage pulses were transferred between two chips through passive transmission lines on the MCM carrier. The cryocooled system was cooled down to about 4K using a two-stage 1-W cryocooler. We correctly operated the whole system at 10Gbps. The switch scheduler, which is driven by an on-chip clock generator, operated at 40GHz. The speed gap between SFQ and room temperature devices was filled by on-chip SFQ FIFO buffers or shift registers. We measured the bit error rate at 10Gbps and found that it was on the order of 10-13 for the 4×4 SFQ switch fabric. In addition, using semiconductor interface circuitry, we built a four-port SFQ Ethernet switch. All the components except for a compressor were installed in a standard 19-inch rack, filling a space 21 U (933.5mm or 36.75 inches) in height. After four personal computers (PCs) were connected to the switch, we have successfully transferred video data between them.
Active-Error Feedback and Its Application to a Specific Driver Circuit (1955)

A short discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of active-error feedback in amplifier design is given. Such feedback can yield all the advantages of ordinary negative feedback without gain reduction and is particularly suitable for use in reducing the distortion of individual amplifier stages. Active-error feedback is applied to a cathode follower by amplifying the difference between its input and output voltages, then adding the amplified error to the output. The resulting driver has very low output impedance and low distortion and is especially useful for driving the grid of an output tube far positive. A direct-coupled version of the circuit using ordinary miniature tubes had an output impedance of 5.6 ohms and could supply several hundred milliamperes of positive current. The theory of the circuit agrees with experiment, and the distortion of the driver when driving an output tube grid to the diode line is found to be far less than that of an ordinary cathode-follower driver.
Why simple hash functions work: exploiting the entropy in a data stream (2008)

Hashing is fundamental to many algorithms and data structures widely used in practice. For theoretical analysis of hashing, there have been two main approaches. First, one can assume that the hash function is truly random, mapping each data item independently and uniformly to the range. This idealized model is unrealistic because a truly random hash function requires an exponential number of bits to describe. Alternatively, one can provide rigorous bounds on performance when explicit families of hash functions are used, such as 2-universal or O(1)-wise independent families. For such families, performance guarantees are often noticeably weaker than for ideal hashing. In practice, however, it is commonly observed that simple hash functions, including 2-universal hash functions, perform as predicted by the idealized analysis for truly random hash functions. In this paper, we try to explain this phenomenon. We demonstrate that the strong performance of universal hash functions in practice can arise naturally from a combination of the randomness of the hash function and the data. Specifically, following the large body of literature on random sources and randomness extraction, we model the data as coming from a “block source, ” whereby each new data item has some “entropy ” given the previous ones. As long as the (Renyi) entropy per data item is sufficiently large, it turns out that the performance when choosing a hash function from a 2-universal family is essentially the same as for a truly random hash function. We describe results for several sample applications, including linear probing, balanced allocations, and Bloom filters. ∗The full version of this paper is available from the authors’ webpages.
Solving goal programming problems using multi-objective genetic algorithms (2003)

Goal programming is a technique often used in engineering design activities primarily to find a compromised solution which will simultaneously satisfy a number of design goals. In solving goal programming problems, classical methods reduce the multiple goal-attainment problem into a single objective of minimizing a weighted sum of deviations from goals. In this paper, we pose the goal programming problem as a multi-objective optimization problem of minimizing deviations from individual goals. This procedure eliminates the need of having extra constraints needed with classical formulations and also eliminates the need of any user-defined weight factor for each goal. The proposed technique can also solve goal programming problems having a non-convex trade-off region, which are difficult to solve using classical methods. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by solving a number of test problems and by solving an engineering design problem. The results suggest that the proposed approach is a unique, effective, and practical tool for solving goal programming problems.
K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition (2008)

The thin films of potassium sodium niobate (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 on Pt(111)/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si substrates have been prepared by chemical solution deposition. The stoichiometric sols were synthesized from corresponding alkali metal ethoxides or acetates and niobium ethoxide in 2-methoxyethanol. The thin film quality is affected by choice of alkali metal precursors. Thin films prepared from the acetate-based sol upon heating to 670°C crystallize in pure perovskite phase. The dielectric permittivity of the 350 nm thick KNN film at 10 kHz is 533 and the dielectric loss factor is 0.068.
Fast-scanning reflection-mode integrated photoacoustic and optical-coherence microscopy (2010)

We previously demonstrated that multimodal microscopy combining photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography can provide comprehensive insight into biological tissue at μm-level resolution by exploiting both optical absorption and scattering contrasts. Recently, we have developed a second-generation integrated photoacoustic and optical-coherence microscope, which can potentially be adapted for clinical applications. In this new system, we can perform photoacoustic and optical-coherence imaging simultaneously at a speed of 5,000 A-lines per second with real-time on-screen display. Also, both modalities now work in reflection mode instead of transmission mode, allowing easy access to various anatomical locations of interest. Imaging of skin and eye has been demonstrated in living small animals.
Acceptor Specificity Observed with Crude Preparation of Nucleoside Phosphotransferases (1973)

Journal Article Acceptor Specificity Observed with Crude Preparation of Nucleoside Phosphotransferases Get access Akira Kamimura, Akira Kamimura Central Research Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koji Mitsugi, Koji Mitsugi Central Research Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shinji Okumura Shinji Okumura Central Research Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 9, 1 September 1973, Pages 2037–2043, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1973.10860960 Published: 01 September 1973 Article history Received: 13 January 1973 Published: 01 September 1973
Germination of Spores of Bacillus Species: What We Know and Do Not Know (2014)

Spores of Bacillus species can remain in their dormant and resistant states for years, but exposure to agents such as specific nutrients can cause spores' return to life within minutes in the process of germination. This process requires a number of spore-specific proteins, most of which are in or associated with the inner spore membrane (IM). These proteins include the (i) germinant receptors (GRs) that respond to nutrient germinants, (ii) GerD protein, which is essential for GR-dependent germination, (iii) SpoVA proteins that form a channel in spores' IM through which the spore core's huge depot of dipicolinic acid is released during germination, and (iv) cortex-lytic enzymes (CLEs) that degrade the large peptidoglycan cortex layer, allowing the spore core to take up much water and swell, thus completing spore germination. While much has been learned about nutrient germination, major questions remain unanswered, including the following. (i) How do nutrient germinants penetrate through spores' outer layers to access GRs in the IM? (ii) What happens during the highly variable and often long lag period between the exposure of spores to nutrient germinants and the commitment of spores to germinate? (iii) What do GRs and GerD do, and how do these proteins interact? (iv) What is the structure of the SpoVA channel in spores' IM, and how is this channel gated? (v) What is the precise state of the spore IM, which has a number of novel properties even though its lipid composition is very similar to that of growing cells? (vi) How is CLE activity regulated such that these enzymes act only when germination has been initiated? (vii) And finally, how does the germination of spores of clostridia compare with that of spores of bacilli?
Network slicing games: Enabling customization in multi-tenant networks (2017)

Network slicing to enable resource sharing among multiple tenants-network operators and/or services-is considered a key functionality for next generation mobile networks. This paper provides an analysis of a well-known model for resource sharing, the `share-constrained proportional allocation' mechanism, to realize network slicing. This mechanism enables tenants to reap the performance benefits of sharing, while retaining the ability to customize their own users' allocation. This results in a network slicing game in which each tenant reacts to the user allocations of the other tenants so as to maximize its own utility. We show that, under appropriate conditions, the game associated with such strategic behavior converges to a Nash equilibrium. At the Nash equilibrium, a tenant always achieves the same, or better, performance than under a static partitioning of resources, hence providing the same level of protection as such static partitioning. We further analyze the efficiency and fairness of the resulting allocations, providing tight bounds for the price of anarchy and envy-freeness. Our analysis and extensive simulation results confirm that the mechanism provides a comprehensive practical solution to realize network slicing. Our theoretical results also fill a gap in the literature regarding the analysis of this resource allocation model under strategic players.
1.3 µm large spot-size laser diodes with laterallytapered active layer (1995)

1.3 µm large spot-size laser diodes (LDs) with a laterally tapered active layer have been fabricated with a conventional buried heterostructure laser process. Fabricated LDs with a cavity length as short as 225 µm show singlemode-fibre coupling losses of <3 dB, threshold currents of 4.7 and 18.0 mA, and efficiencies of 0.54 and 0.37 W/A at 25 and 85°C, respectively.
Dynamic microarray system with gentle retrieval mechanism for cell-encapsulating hydrogel beads (2007)

This paper describes a selective retrieval method for arrayed monodisperse hydrogel beads containing cells. We implemented modifications such as: (i) the incorporation of cavities as nucleation sites, (ii) indirect retrieval using bubble powered jets and (iii) the use of low boiling point fluid in our device to realize a gentle optical-based retrieval method. Parametric studies confirmed that these modifications dramatically reduced both the intensity and duration of applied laser for bubble formation. We also demonstrated for the first time the formation of a bead-based dynamic cell microarray by introducing cell-encapsulating alginate beads into our dynamic microfluidic system, and successfully retrieved an alginate bead from a fluidic trap. Tests with trypan blue revealed that membrane integrity of the encapsulated cells was not compromised by the retrieval process.