gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy - Application to Fault Detection (1977)

This paper describes the characteristics of a scanning acoustic microscope operated at 375 MHz in the pulsed reflection mode with a spatial resolution of about 1.3 pm, and discusses its demonstrated and potential application to the diagnostic study of integrated circuits and components. Direct comparisons are made with scanning electron microscope and optical microscope displays, and the technique is compared with a reported liquid-crystal technique. The scanning acoustic microscope demonstrates high resolution, high contrast, and large depth of field; is simple to operate; and does not charge the substrate or require a vacuum. High detection sensitivity should result from imDroved signal processing.
Brittle extension of the continental crust along a rooted system of low-angle normal faults: Colorado River extensional corridor (1985)

A transect across the 100 km wide Colorado River extensional corridor of mid-Tertiary age shows that the upper 10 to 15 km of crystalline crust extended along an imbricate system of brittle low-angle normal faults. The faults cut gently down a section in the NE-direction of tectonic transport from a headwall breakaway in the Old Woman Mountains, California. Successively higher allochthons above a basal detachment fault are futher displaced from the headwall, some as much as tens of kilometers. Allochthonous blocks are tilted toward the headwall as evidenced by the dip of the cappoing Tertiary strata and originally horizontal Proterozoic diabase sheets. On the down-dip side of the corridor in Arizona, the faults root under the unbroken Hualapai Mountains and the Colorado Plateau. Slip on faults at all exposed levels of the crust was unidirectional. Brittle thinning above these faults affected the entire upper crust, and wholly removed it locally along the central corridor or core complex region. Isostatic uplift exposed metamorphic core complexes in the domed footwall. These data support a model that the crust in California moved out from under Arizona along an asymmetric, rooted normal-slip shear system. Ductile deformation must have accompanied mid-Tertiary crustal extension at deeper structural levels in Arizona.
Impact of fieldbus on communication in robotic systems (1997)

The aim of this paper is to discuss the problems relating to communication in distributed process control, highlighting the limits of traditional centralized communication systems based on point-to-point connections. The paper shows the real advantages that can be obtained by using a distributed common-bus communication system in time-critical process control applications, highlighting its impact on the architecture of control systems from the point of view of both hardware and software. Particular reference is made to the International Electrotechnical Commission/Instrument Society of America (IEC/ISA) communication system which is close to becoming an international standard. In particular, the solution based on the use of the distributed common-bus communication protocol is applied to the control of an orange-picking robot, which had previously been implemented in a traditional way using point-to-point communications. The choice of a case study referring to a robot control system seems an appropriate benchmark for the real potential of the fieldbus because the processes involved in a robot control system have highly critical time constraints which may stress the fieldbus communication system. The paper presents a qualitative analysis of the advantages that can be obtained by introducing the fieldbus into the orange picking robot control system. The analysis gives a detailed illustration of the hardware and software modification needed to replace the traditional point-to-point control systems of the orange picking robot with the fieldbus. Then an evaluation of the performance of fieldbus system is provided. The evaluation is made by modeling and simulating the distributed communication system with transition timed Petri nets (TTPNs). The results obtained in the study as a whole confirm the authors' conviction that, by careful analysis, it is possible and advantageous even in difficult cases to replace classical centralized point-to-point control systems with distributed systems based on use of the fieldbus.
Conformation of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpA produced in Bacillus subtilis: Influence of lipopolysaccharide (1993)

The conformation of the outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli produced in Bacillus subtilis and solubilized in Sarkosyl was studied by measuring its ability to bind OmpA-specific phage K3 and to inhibit F-mediated conjugation.The partially purified protein was inactive in both of these assays.Refolding of the protein in the presence of lipopolysaccharide resulted in preparations with full phage-binding and conjugation-inhibiting capacity, indicating the formation of surface-exposed loops of OmpA of native conformation.The finding is of importance for the potential use of outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria as vaccines.
Seven work plans for year-2000 upgrade projects (1997)

article Free Access Share on Seven work plans for year-2000 upgrade projects Author: Dick Lefkon Year-2000 committee of the Association of Informantion Technology Professionals Year-2000 committee of the Association of Informantion Technology ProfessionalsView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 5May 1997pp 111–113https://doi.org/10.1145/253769.253806Published:01 May 1997Publication History 2citation297DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads297Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Day/night band imager for a CubeSat (2012)

Day/Night Band (DNB) earth sensing and meteorological systems like the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Line Scanner (OLS) provide visible wavelength imagery 24 hours a day that is used primarily for cloud imaging in support of weather forecasting. This paper describes a compact pushbroom imager that meets low light imaging requirements for DMSP OLS and the NOAA/NASA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) as documented in the Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD). The presentation describes the imager design, including system level concepts of operation for data collection, radiometric and spatial calibration, and data transmission to Earth. This small, lightweight imager complies with the low mass, low power CubeSat standard, and could be built into a variety of different satellites, for example, as a payload on Iridium NEXT, DMSP, or the International Space Station (ISS). Depending on power generation capabilities, the imager could be implemented as a free flyer in formation with other CubeSats or as a free flyer operating on its own. The imager's volume will fill about half of a 3U CubeSat; roughly measuring 170x80x80 mm3 and having mass less than 1.5 kg. Considering an estimated 3U CubeSat average core avionic power usage of 0.8W and total orbit average power of 4W, the available average power for the payload imager is 3.2W.
Cortical Cholinergic Function Is More Severely Affected in Parkinsonian Dementia Than in Alzheimer Disease (2003)

Reduced cortical AChE activity is more characteristic of patients with PDem than of patients with mild AD.
Preventing transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: state of the art (2015)

Abstract: The transfer of pathogens and the induction of immune responses are deleterious consequences that can result from the transfusion of blood products. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD), the most severe immune consequence, occurs when recipient immune responses are incapable of effectively eliminating donor leukocytes, permitting unabated responses of the donor T lymphocytes. Currently, prevention of TA-GVHD is routinely accomplished by exposing blood products to γ-irradiation in order to prevent donor T cell proliferation. Alternative protocols are being developed to meet the challenges associated with the use of γ-irradiation. Use of pathogen reduction protocols, which interfere with nucleic acid replication by modifying nucleic acids, are increasing. Comparison of pathogen reduction protocols with γ-irradiation have found that both protocols are equally effective in preventing T lymphocyte proliferation and GVHD responses when testing in both in vitro and in vivo models. The potential use of pathogen reduction protocols to treat whole blood prior to separation into its components could provide a cost-effective method for preventing TA-GVHD in the future. Keywords: blood transfusion, GVHD, pathogen reduction, irradiation
Detection and Classification of Marine mammals using an LFAS system (2004)

World wide a concern is emerging about the influence of man-made sound in the sea on marine life, and particularly about high power active sonars systems. Most concern lies with marine mammals, which fully depend on sound in their natural behaviour (foraging, navigation and communication). One of the sonars under debate is the Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFAS). This type of system is designed for long range detection of submarines. It consists of a powerful source and a towed array receiver. Incidents with marine mammals could be avoided if the receiver that is dedicated to detection of submarine echoes, is equipped with Detection, Classification and Localisation capabilities for marine mammals as well. In this paper the development of a prototype transient detector and classifier for the TNO-FEL LFAS array (named CAPTAS) is described. A broadband beamformer is developed that creates 8 beams (sectors) that are equally wide over the whole frequency band. A multi-beam LOFAR display is presented. On the normalised data a Page’s test detector is applied that is “optimum” for signals with unknown duration. Detected transients are sent to a classifier that tries to discriminate between biological and man-made or natural transients. Time-frequency analysis is performed and in the resulting timefrequency plot structures are determined by means of cluster analysis after which the sound is classified. Detection results of the prototype are very good, the Classification module is under development and the Localisation module is part of future research. Part of this research is sponsored by the Royal NetherLands Navy (RNLN).
TNFα facilitates clonal expansion of JAK2V617F positive cells in myeloproliferative neoplasms (2011)

Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα are elevated in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), but their contribution to disease pathogenesis is unknown. Here we reveal a central role for TNFα in promoting clonal dominance of JAK2(V617F) expressing cells in MPN. We show that JAK2(V617F) kinase regulates TNFα expression in cell lines and primary MPN cells and TNFα expression is correlated with JAK2(V617F) allele burden. In clonogenic assays, normal controls show reduced colony formation in the presence of TNFα while colony formation by JAK2(V617F)-positive progenitor cells is resistant or stimulated by exposure to TNFα. Ectopic JAK2(V617F) expression confers TNFα resistance to normal murine progenitor cells and overcomes inherent TNFα hypersensitivity of Fanconi anemia complementation group C deficient progenitors. Lastly, absence of TNFα limits clonal expansion and attenuates disease in a murine model of JAK2(V617F)-positive MPN. Altogether our data are consistent with a model where JAK2(V617F) promotes clonal selection by conferring TNFα resistance to a preneoplastic TNFα sensitive cell, while simultaneously generating a TNFα-rich environment. Mutations that confer resistance to environmental stem cell stressors are a recognized mechanism of clonal selection and leukemogenesis in bone marrow failure syndromes and our data suggest that this mechanism is also critical to clonal selection in MPN.
Electrically pumped 13 μm room-temperature InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on Si substrates by metal-mediated wafer bonding and layer transfer (2010)

An electrically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser on a Si substrate has been demonstrated. The double-hetero laser structure was grown on a GaAs substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and layer-transferred onto a Si substrate by GaAs/Si wafer bonding mediated by a 380-nm-thick Au-Ge-Ni alloy layer. This broad-area Fabry-Perot laser exhibits InAs quantum dot ground state lasing at 1.31 microm at room temperature with a threshold current density of 600 A/cm(2).
An Integrated Nine-Switch Power Conditioner for Power Quality Enhancement and Voltage Sag Mitigation (2011)

A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in experiment, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced semiconductor cost.
Enhancement of Methotrexate Cytotoxicity by Modulation of Proliferative Activity in Normal and Neoplastic t Lymphocytes and in a Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line (1988)

Recent advances in the modulation of cell kinetics with growth factors suggest that the effect of cycle-specific cytostatic drugs can be enhanced by combination with such factors. The truth of this hypothesis was investigated by studying the effect of phytohemagglutinin and/or interleukin 2 on the sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX) of normal T lymphocytes and of lymphoblasts of a patient with acute T-cell lymphoid leukemia. In both cases, inhibition of proliferation by MTX was increased from less than 30% in resting cells or those suboptimally stimulated, in the case of leukemic blasts, to 68-83% in maximally stimulated cells. Similar results were observed when the AML 193 human myeloid leukemia line was stimulated with human recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony stimulation factor (GM-CSF). Under basal proliferation conditions, the addition of 1 microgram/ml and 10 micrograms/ml MTX was followed by 48% and 72% inhibition respectively. When 1 ng/ml GM-CSF (40 I.U./ml) was present, these figures rose to 89% and 91%. It is thus clear that growth factor-induced cell proliferation increases sensitivity to cycle-specific cytostatic agents. There is thus a biological premise for new perspectives in antineoplastic therapy.
RETRACTED: A Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimide Fluoride Sensor (2009)

The synthesis and characterization of a highly fluorescent core-substituted naphthalene diimide sensor (varphi = 0.34) bearing a bis-sulfonamide group is described. The compound shows a unique selectivity and reactivity for the fluoride ion over other anions in CHCl(3) by a two-stage deprotonation process leading to a colorimetric response. In DMSO solution, the sensor is shown to be highly selective for fluoride (K(a) approximately 10(6) M(-1)) over other anions with more pronounced changes in absorption characteristics.
Printed english compression by dictionary encoding (1967)

The ability of a dictionary encoder to reduce the redundancy of printed English text is evaluated by simulation on a general-purpose digital computer. The dictionary encoder matches segments of the input text to entries of a stored dictionary which contains frequently occurring sequences of letters. The text is thus defined as the succession of code designations corresponding to the selected dictionary entries. Since, for a normal piece of text, fewer binary digits are needed to specify the code designations than the text itself, the encoding produces a compressed equivalent of the original input. In addition to evaluating encoder performance the simulator also collects language statistics which are used for optimization of the encoder logic and the dictionary entries. For a broad type of English language text (news dispatches prepared for newspaper publication) the number of binary digits required to represent a piece of text can be reduced by 50 percent when using a 1000-entry dictionary. While a better compression than 50 percent is theoretically possible it may be difficult to realize, but a compression of the input text to 60 to 70 percent of its original size appears to be easily realizable with a small dictionary.
Fast EM-like methods for maximum "a posteriori" estimates in emission tomography (2001)

The maximum-likelihood (ML) approach in emission tomography provides images with superior noise characteristics compared to conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithms. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative algorithm for maximizing the Poisson likelihood in emission computed tomography that became very popular for solving the ML problem because of its attractive theoretical and practical properties. Recently, (Browne and DePierro, 1996 and Hudson and Larkin, 1994) block sequential versions of the EM algorithm that take advantage of the scanner's geometry have been proposed in order to accelerate its convergence. In Hudson and Larkin, 1994, the ordered subsets EM (OS-EM) method was applied to the ML problem and a modification (OS-GP) to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) regularized approach without showing convergence. In Browne and DePierro, 1996, we presented a relaxed version of OS-EM (RAMLA) that converges to an ML solution. In this paper, we present an extension of RAMLA for MAP reconstruction. We show that, if the sequence generated by this method converges, then it must converge to the true MAP solution. Experimental evidence of this convergence is also shown. To illustrate this behavior we apply the algorithm to positron emission tomography simulated data comparing its performance to OS-GP.
Phase I Evaluation of Oral and Intravenous Vinorelbine in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group (2006)

The maximum tolerated dose in children without bone marrow involvement was 30 mg/m(2), similar to that reported in adults, with myelosuppression being the dose-limiting toxicity. Higher plasma clearance resulted in lower area under the plasma concentration-time curves at a given dose compared with that reported in adults.
MOUNTAIN BEAVER PROBLEMS IN THE FORESTS OF CALIFORNIA, OREGON AND WASHINGTON (1980)

Mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa) cause considerable damage to forest trees in the Pacific Northwest. Feeding injuries result in mortality, growth losses, deformity of trees, and understocked plantations. Losses are most severe in new plantations with significant damage problems also occurring in sapling stands. Trapping, and placing physical barriers around individual trees, are the most common methods of control. Both methods are costly but effective in reducing damage.
Antimicrobial macromolecules: synthesis methods and future applications (2012)

This review article presents important and recent progress in the manufacture and application of antimicrobial macromolecules. Microbial infections continue to endanger human health and pose a great economic burden to society. To resolve this crisis, huge efforts to improve or develop macromolecules that can inhibit pathogens without incurring pathogen resistance are required and actively ongoing. Synthetic antimicrobial macromolecules which include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), polymers and peptide–polymer hybrids represent a huge class of molecules which can incur effective antimicrobial therapy due to their unique biochemical properties. The use of these antimicrobial macromolecules which target the cytoplasmic membrane of microbes, is a promising approach to lower the propensity of pathogen resistance development. Therefore, huge efforts to synthesize these molecules at scales and purities that enable their structure-function and clinical studies are actively underway. Due to the high cost involved in extracting AMPs from natural sources, biological processes are being developed to economically manufacture AMPs at large scale. Synthetic AMP analogs are also being engineered to further improve antimicrobial potency and lower synthesis cost. Synthetic polymers have also been found to exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties which are comparable to those of natural AMPs. Various antimicrobial polymers have been synthesized based on the amphiphilicity of natural AMPs. Although the facile synthesis of polymers poses no cost problems, numerous synthetic antimicrobial polymers are disadvantaged by high toxicity to mammalian cells due to their non-selectivity. To combine the advantages of AMPs and antimicrobial polymers, peptide-polymer hybrid macromolecules are actively being developed, with a few effective and strongly microbicidal models recently demonstrated. With the advancement of biochemical engineering tools and chemical synthesis methods, these antimicrobial macromolecules can be specifically designed to be highly selective, broad spectrum and biocompatible. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and challenges in the manufacture of these antimicrobial macromolecules. Based on their antimicrobial mechanisms, their applications in addressing challenges associated with infectious disease and antibiotic-resistance are also discussed.