gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NDRG2 suppresses cell proliferation through down‐regulation of AP‐1 activity in human colon carcinoma cells (2008)

Recently, the anti-tumor activity of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) was elucidated, but the molecular mechanism of how NDRG2 works as a tumor suppressor is not well known. To determine the function of NDRG2 as a tumor suppressor, we established stable cell lines expressing NDRG2 protein or its mutant forms, and studied their effects on tumor cell growth. Interestingly, constitutive expression of wild-type NDRG2 induced the growth retardation of SW620 colon carcinoma cells. Introduction of NDRG2 into SW620 cells induced the decrease of c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63, followed by the attenuation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) function as a transcriptional activator. Subsequently, the down-regulation of cyclin D1, which is known as a major target for AP-1 transcription activator, resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase. Additionally, treatment of NDRG2-siRNA on NDRG2-expressing cells has induced the recovery of c-Jun phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression. Cell proliferation of those cells was also increased compared with untreated cells. NDRG2 mutants of which the phosphorylation sites at C-terminal region were removed by deletion or site-directed mutagenesis have shown no effect on cyclin D1 expression and could not induce cell growth retardation. In conclusion, NDRG2 modulates intracellular signals to control cell cycle through the regulation of cyclin D1 expression via phosphorylation pathway.
Cholera toxin mediated regulation of the expression of Gqα and G11α GTP binding proteins (1999)

Previously it has been shown that persistent activation of the stimulatory adenylyl cyclase pathway with cholera toxin (CT) downregulates the Gs alpha polypeptide (80%) in a cAMP-independent manner in C6 glioma cells (Shah, 1997). This study was conducted to examine the short and long term effects of CT on the regulation of pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins and their transcripts in C6 glioma cells. Treatment of C6 cells with CT (100 ng/ml) up to 16 h had no effect on either Gi or Gq/11 alpha proteins. However, prolonged exposure (24-48 h) caused increased expression of Gi (20-30%) and Gq/11 alpha proteins (40%). Urea gradient gels, which can separate Gq alpha and G11 alpha proteins, revealed that prolonged CT treatment increased the expression of both of these G proteins. The CT-mediated enhanced expression of Gq alpha and G11 alpha proteins was accompanied by increased mRNA levels of these proteins as determined by RT/PCR. Cyclic-AMP elevating agents like forskolin (10 microM) and db-cAMP (1 mM) mimicked the effect of CT on Gi but not Gq/11 alpha proteins. These studies show long term cAMP-dependent regulation of Gi and cAMP-independent expression of Gq/11 alpha proteins in C6 glioma cells.
Coding gain and spatial localisation properties of discrete wavelet transform filters for image coding (1995)

The authors consider coding gain and spatial localisation properties of DWT filters for still image compression. Using a JPEG type quantisation and encoding method several images are compressed using a DWT implemented using various two-band subband filter sets. It is concluded that a relatively high coding gain (relative to a highly correlated source) is necessary, but not sufficient, for good image coding performance. Further, it is observed that low spatial width filters are desirable, particularly in regard to reduced ringing distortion. In terms of the trade-off between coding gain and spatial localisation, and in terms of actual coding performance, it is shown that biorthogonal filters can outperform orthogonal filters.
Session-based admission control: a mechanism for improving performance of commercial Web sites (2003)

We introduce a new, session-based workload for measuring Web server performance. We define a session as a sequence of client individual requests. We then measure server throughput as a number of successfully completed sessions. Using a simulation model we show that an overloaded Web server can experience a severe loss of throughput measured as a number of completed sessions compared with the server throughput measured in requests per second. Moreover statistical analysis of completed sessions reveals that the overloaded Web server discriminates against longer sessions. We introduce a session-based admission control (SBAC) to prevent a Web server from becoming overloaded and to ensure that longer sessions can be completed. We show that a Web server augmented with the admission control mechanism is able to provide a fair guarantee of completion, for any accepted session, independent of session length. This provides a predictable and controllable platform for Web applications, and is a critical requirement for any E-business.
The Physics Museum of the University of Chicago and Its Relation to the New Curriculum (1934)

First Page
Social justice and the Ethics of development in post‐apartheid South Africa (1999)

Abstract This paper explores the meaning of social justice and development in post‐apartheid South Africa. It begins with social justice as a process of equalisation, presenting some evidence of the challenge and explaining the difficulty of achieving racial equality. Recognition of changes in national development strategy in the post‐apartheid era, and their implications for inequality, leads to discussion of alternative development ethics, which involves reconsideration of what stands for the good life. The possibility of a combination of traditional African communitarianism and the ethic of care is explored, as a basis for an alternative conception of the good. Some impediments to the realisation of such a vision are identified.
Communication—Analysis of Thick Co-Extruded Cathodes for Higher-Energy-and-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

3-dimensional (3D) electrode architectures have been explored as a means to decouple power and energy trade-offs in thick battery electrodes. Limited work has been published which systematically examines the impact of these architectures at the pouch cell level. This paper conducts an analysis on the potential capacity gains that can be realized with thick co-extruded electrodes in a pouch cell. Moreover, our findings show that despite lower active material composition for each cathode layer, the effective gain in thickness and active material loading enables pouch cell capacity gains greater than 10% with a Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) materials system.
Immunochemical and morphometric features of astrocyte reactivity vs. plaque location in Alzheimer's disease. (2005)

The quantitative relationship between glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) hyper-reactivity and beta-amyloid protein (betaAP) deposition was investigated by double immunoperoxidase labeling of hippocampal and entorhinal cortex sections from five Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and five age-matched controls. betaAP plaques, which were absent in controls, were found in all AD samples, without significant differences in number or perimeter according to their location among the regions studied. In contrast, the mean number of GFAP (+) cells was significantly greater in the hippocampus than in the entorhinal cortex from AD cases (49 vs.39). Although at lower values (30 vs. 20), predominance of astrocyte hyperplasia in hippocampus as compared with entorhinal cortex was also found in control samples. Concomitant astrocyte hypertrophy, as defined by surface density (Sv) values of GFAP-immunoreactive material exceeding those of control means, affected a similar proportion of cells in the hippocampus (73%) and the entorhinal cortex (74%) from AD cases. Since an increased number of GFAP (+) cells in the hippocampus was not accompanied by an increased number and/or perimeter of neighbouring plaques, such differential hyper-reactivity in samples from AD patients, as well as in those with normal aging, seems to depend partially on the regional location of the involved astrocyte.
Fetuin in the developing neocortex of the rat: Distribution and origin (2000)

Immunocytochemical distribution of the fetal protein fetuin in the neocortex of developing rat brain and the presence of its mRNA, as detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, was studied in fetuses at embryonic day 15 (E15) through E22, in neonates at postnatal day 0 (P0) through P20, and in adults. Quantitative estimates of fetuin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were obtained over the same period. Exogenous (bovine) fetuin injected intraperitoneally into fetal and postnatal rats was used to study the uptake of fetuin into CSF and brain and its distribution compared with endogenous fetuin; bovine albumin was used as a control. Fetuin was identified immunocytochemically in the cortical plate and subplate cells of the developing neocortex. In the rat fetus, fetuin first was apparent at E17, mainly in cell processes, but a few subplate cells also were positive. By E18, there was strong staining in subplate neurons and in inner cells of the cortical plate. At E21, these inner cells of the cortical plate were beginning to differentiate into layer VI neurons, many of which were positive for fetuin. By P0-P1, more layer VI neurons and some layer V neurons had become positive for fetuin. Fetuin immunoreactivity generally was weaker at P1, and, by P2-P3, it had disappeared from all of the layers of the developing neocortex. Bovine fetuin (but not albumin), probably taken up through CSF over the neocortical dorsal surface, had a cytoplasmic distribution; endogenous rat fetuin was both cytoplasmic and membrane bound. Thus, much of this fetuin can be accounted for by uptake, although the presence of fetuin mRNA indicates that in situ synthesis may also contribute.
High-order structure and dissociation of gaseous peptide aggregates that are hidden in mass spectra (1998)

Injected-ion mobility and high-pressure ion mobility techniques have been used to examine the conformations of bradykinin, insulin chain A, and several other peptide ions in the gas phase. Under the experimental conditions employed, evidence for multimer formation in the mass spectra of peptides is minimal or absent altogether. However, ion mobility distributions show that aggregates of peptides (containing a single charge per monomer unit) are observed at the same mass-to-charge ratios as the singly charged parent ions. Collision cross sections for these clusters show that they have tightly packed roughly spherical conformations. We have bracketed the average density as 0.87 < p < 1.00 g cm-3. In some cases, specific stable aggregate forms within a cluster size can be distinguished indicating that some high order structures are favored in the gas phase. Multimer formation between different sizes of polyalanine peptides shows no evidence for size specificity in aggregate formation. Collisional and thermal excitation studies have been used to examine structural transitions and dissociation of the multimers. Aggregates appear to dissociate via loss of singly charged monomers. The observation that peptide multimers can be concealed in mass spectral data requires that fragmentation patterns and reactivity studies of singly charged monomers be undertaken with care.
Computer-assisted total knee replacement (2004)

A controlled study, comparing computer- and conventional jig-assisted total knee replacement in six cadavers is presented. In order to provide a quantitative assessment of the alignment of the replacements, a CT-based technique which measures seven parameters of alignment has been devised and used. In this a multi-slice CT machine scanned in 2.5 mm slices from the acetabular roof to the dome of the talus with the subject's legs held in a standard position. The mechanical and anatomical axes were identified, from three-dimensional landmarks, in both anteroposterior and lateral planes. The coronal and sagittal alignment of the prosthesis was then measured against the axes. The rotation of the femoral component was measured relative to the transepicondylar axis. The rotation of the tibial component was measured with reference to the posterior tibial condyles and the tibial tuberosity. Coupled femorotibial rotational alignment was assessed by superimposition of the femoral and tibial axial images. The radiation dose was 2.7 mSV. The computer-assisted total knee replacements showed better alignment in rotation and flexion of the femoral component, the posterior slope of the tibial component and in the matching of the femoral and tibial components in rotation. Differences were statistically significant and of a magnitude that support extension of computer assistance to the clinical situation.
Brillouin zone and band structure of β‐Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (2015)

Gallium oxide is increasingly used in a variety of applications, but confusion reigns over the Brillouin zone and the band structure of monoclinic β‐Ga 2 O 3 . We present a detailed study of the shape of the Brillouin zone and the location of high‐symmetry points. Combined with a study of electronic structure based on hybrid density functional theory, this allows us to derive an accurate band structure. We discuss the nature of the band gap and the location of the band extrema.
On Some Aspects of Basic Oxygen Steel Making with Prereduced Pellets (1973)

Under normal circumstances, a BOF can consume upto 30% of scrap in the charge which otherwise consists of molten pig iron. In steel plants where the basic oxygen process has been adopted, this requirement of scrap is generally met by scrap generated within the plant and by that bought from external sources. The composition of scrap, espec-ially that purchased from dealers, is notorious for its variation from wagon to wagon, batch to batch and even from season to season. This is particularly true of the sulphur content of the scrap which is a factor of funda-mental importance in BOF steelmaking, This inconsistency
in scrap composition tends to give rise to undesirable
variations both in the final bath composition and in
the general bath behaviour during blowing. To keep
these fluctuations under control, BOF operators have to constantly monitor the blow and adopt corrective measures when necessary. A stricter control over the materials charged into the BOF would therefore appear to be nece-ssary before automation is possible and the process is rendered less subject to variations. To this end, the substitution of scrap by prereduced pellets could prove worthwhile.
Effect of cryoprotectants on freezing, lyophilization, and storage of lyophilized recombinant alpha 1-antitrypsin formulations. (1995)

Stabilizing effect of several commonly used cryoprotectants, namely lactose, sucrose, and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), on recombinant alpha 1-antitrypsin (rAAT) were studied. A solution of rAAT in a phosphate/citrate buffer (pH 7.0) was made with and without a given cryoprotectant and filled into small vials. The vials were frozen on shelf, at -40 degrees C in a lyophilizer. At the end of the freezing cycle, half of the batch was thawed at ambient temperature and the other half was continued to the completion of lyophilization. Sample vials taken before freezing, after thawing, and after lyophilization were analyzed for total rAAT protein, monomeric content, and elastase-inhibitory activity. Results indicated that neither freeze-and-thaw nor lyophilization caused any damage to rAAT, contrary to what was generally believed. The control formulation (i.e., without a cryoprotectant) performed as good as those containing cryoprotectants. Freezing rates and protein concentration in formulation did not influence the stability of rAAT either. Lyophilized rAAT samples retained the activity and purity during the 12 month stability period, at room temperature and 2-8 degrees C.
Obese Gene Expression Alters the Ability of 30A5 Preadipocytes to Respond to Lipogenic Hormones (1996)

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, controls food-intake and weight loss in the ob mouse. Although the target(s) of the circulating leptin is presumed to be the brain which then orchestrates food-intake and weight loss, how leptin functions in the process of weight loss is unknown. In this report, we present evidence that ob gene expression in cultured cells suppresses acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene expression and lipid synthesis which are induced by hormone treatment. This is the first example in which leptin has been found to suppress defined biochemical reactions that contribute to lipid accumulation without the participation of the brain.
Early Markers of Brain Damage in Premature Low-Birth-Weight Neonates Who Suffered from Perinatal Asphyxia and/or Infection (2001)

We studied 57 low-birth-weight premature neonates, of whom 29 suffered from perinatal asphyxia and/or infection, while the remaining 28 did not and served as controls. We measured peripheral nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) absolute numbers as well as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha cytokine serum levels at 24 h postnatally and on days 3 and 7 following birth. Fourteen of the asphyxiated/infected neonates and 12 controls had neurologic assessments at the corrected postnatal age of 18 months. We found NRBC absolute numbers and serum IL-1beta and IL-6 cytokine levels at 24 h postnatally to be significantly higher in neonates with perinatal asphyxia/infection than in the controls (p = 0.022, p = 0.036 and p = 0.037, respectively). TNF-alpha levels did not differ. Neurologic examination at the corrected postnatal age of 18 months showed 8 out of the 14 children who had been asphyxiated/infected as neonates to have abnormal findings, while 12 children who were used as controls during their neonatal period were normal. Abnormal neurologic findings correlated with high NRBC counts and IL-1beta and IL-6 levels at 24 h postnatally. In conclusion, increased NRBC counts and proinflammatory cytokine levels in asphyxiated/infected neonates represent early markers for subsequent neurologic impairment.
Lithium as a rescue therapy for regression and catatonia features in two SHANK3 patients with autism spectrum disorder: case reports (2015)

These cases support the hypothesis of a specific SHANK3 phenotype. This phenotype might be linked to catatonia-like deterioration for which lithium use could be an efficient treatment. Therefore, these cases provide an important contribution to the field of autism research, clinical genetics and possible pharmacological answers.
Schlaf- und psychische Störungen im Kindesalter (2007)

Bei Kindern sind psychische Störungen wie Schlafstörungen, psychosomatische Störungen, Angstzustände und insbesondere Depressionen häufiger, als allgemein angenommen wird. Organische Erkrankungen einschließlich der des Gehirns müssen bei der Stellung einer psychischen Diagnose ausgeschlossen werden. Akute Schlafstörungen sind zumeist durch psychosozialen Stress oder durch Krankheiten mit störenden Symptomen verursacht, wie z.B. Schmerzen bei Mittelohrentzündung, Juckreiz bei Neurodermitis oder krampfartige Bauchschmerzen bei Neigung zu Blähungen. Bei chronischen Schlafstörungen sollte man an Depressionen, Medikamentennebenwirkungen und an Erkrankungen mit gestörtem Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus (Angstträume etc.) denken. Bei nicht organischen Schlafstörungen sind zu unterscheiden:
Synthesis and characterization of cationic technetium complexes of 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (DMPE). Structure determinations of trans-[TcV(DMPE)2(OH)(O)](F3CSO3)2, trans-[TcIII(DMPE)2Cl2]F3CSO3, and [TcI(DMPE)3]+ using x-ray diffraction, EXAFS, and technetium-99 NMR (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of cationic technetium complexes of 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (DMPE). Structure determinations of trans-[TcV(DMPE)2(OH)(O)](F3CSO3)2, trans-[TcIII(DMPE)2Cl2]F3CSO3, and [TcI(DMPE)3]+ using x-ray diffraction, EXAFS, and technetium-99 NMRJean Luc Vanderheyden, Alan R. Ketring, Karen Libson, Mary Jane Heeg, Lee Roecker, Philip Motz, Robert Whittle, R. C. Elder, and Edward DeutschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 20, 3184–3191Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00188a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00188a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effect of chicory seed extract on glucose tolerance test (GTT) and metabolic profile in early and late stage diabetic rats (2012)

Chicory appeared to have short-term (about 2 hours, as far as GTT is concerned) and long-term (28 days, in this study) effects on diabetes. Chicory may be useful as a natural dietary supplement for slowing down the pace of diabetes progress, and delaying the development of its complications.
Phase relations pertaining to the solvent winterization of crude peanut oil in 85–15 Acetone‐hexane mixture (1954)

Summary Fundamental phase relation data have been obtained on a laboratory scale which show that solvent winterization of crude peanut oil is feasible in a solvent consisting of 85 parts by weight of acetone and 15 parts of commercial hexane. The results show the effect of oil‐solvent ratio, chilling temperature, and holding‐time upon the percentage of solid removed. The behavior of crude peanut oil is very similar to that of the refined oil in the same solvent except that a slightly lower chilling temperature is required and that the crystals tend to form a little more slowly and do not settle out as readily. The advantage of winterizing hexane‐extracted peanut oils before refining is discussed.