gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermotolerance in Lettuce Seeds: Association with Ethylene and Endo-β-mannanase (2000)

Weakening of the endosperm tissue around the radicle tip before radicle protrusion and a potential role of endo-β-mannanase during germination of lettuce seeds ( Lactuca sativa L.) at high temperature (35 °C) were investigated. Seeds from the thermotolerant genotypes `Everglades' and PI 251245 had greater endo-β-mannanase activity before radicle protrusion at 35 °C than the thermosensitive genotypes `Dark Green Boston', `Valmaine' and `Floricos 83'. Thermotolerant genotypes also generated more ethylene at high temperature. At 35 °C, germination of `Dark Green Boston' and `Everglades' seeds produced at days/nights of 20/10 °C was 10% and 32%, respectively, whereas germination of seeds produced at days/nights of 30/20 °C was 67% and 83%, respectively. Higher endo-β-mannanase activity was observed before radicle protrusion in `Dark Green Boston' seeds produced at 30/20 °C compared with those produced at 20/10 °C. A relationship between seed germination at high temperature, ethylene production, and an increase in endo-β-mannanase activity before radicle protrusion was confirmed.
Britain's first all-electric hospital (1979)

The East Anglian Regional Health Authority has under construction at the St. John's hospital site at Peterborough a 140-bed building project for geriatric patients, which will become Britain's first all-electric hospital. Clearly, all hospital buildings are using electricity as an energy source for a wide variety of applications. The term ‘all-electric’ is an easy colloquial way of describing a hospital that depends exclusively on electricity as an energy source for all purposes, including space heating, domestic hot water supply and for meal preparation and cooking.
Embedded co-processor architecture for CMOS based image acquisition (2004)

This paper describes a new co-processor architecture designed for CMOS sensor imaging. The co-processor unit is integrated into the image acquisition loop so as to exploit the full potential of CMOS selective access imaging technology. The processing features of the co-processor are functional to the specific acquisition process of CMOS sensors (random region acquisition, variable image size, variable acquisition modes line/region based, multiexposition images). Moreover, although built with pipelined or parallel HW processing modules, the co-processor architecture has been designed so as to obtain a unit that can be configured on the fly, in terms of type and number of chained processing, during the image acquisition process that is defined by the application. Simulated performances based on a FPGA implementation, are reported and compared to classical image acquisition systems based on PC platforms.
Glucoamylase Covalently Bound to Acrylic Carriers (1991)

Abstract Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger was covalantly bound to three acrylic carriers differing in the content of amino groups, particle size, porosity, etc. Yield of immobilization ranged from 58.7% to 87.0%. Enzyme immobilized on Vinylaff 818 was the most stable. That carrier was a copolymer of butyl acrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate, containing 0.44 mmol/g of amino groups. The immobilized catalyst used for hydrolysis of 40% maltodextrin solution (DE 18.3) retained its initial activity at 50°C for about 33 d. The pretreatment of soluble glucoamylase with low concentrated glutaraldehyde solution (0.13%, 1.4 mg/100 mg of protein) increased the operational stability of immobilized enzyme to about 50 d and its half‐life to 60 d. The immobilization of enzyme on Vinylaff 818 resulted in the slight shift of pH optimum to acid side, though it did not influence the temperature optimum. Thermostability of immobilized glucoamylase in the range of temperature between 50 and 75°C was higher than that of soluble enzyme. Maximum concentrations of glucose in hydrolyzates were obtained in relatively short time. The prolonged hydrolysis of concentrated starch substrate by enzyme immobilized on the porous carrier caused, however, the accumulation of disaccharides with simultaneous reduction of glucose content.
β-Sheet Structures and Dimer Models of the Two Major Tyrocidines, Antimicrobial Peptides from <i>Bacillus aneurinolyticus</i> (2013)

The structures of two major tyrocidines, antibiotic peptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus, in an aqueous environment were studied using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, restrained molecular dynamics (MD), circular dichroism, and mass spectrometry. TrcA and TrcC formed β-structures in an aqueous environment. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues were not totally separated into nonpolar and polar faces of the peptides, indicating that tyrocidines have low amphipathicity. In all the β-structures, residues Trp(4)/Phe(4) and Orn(9) were on the same face. The ability of the peptides to form dimers in aqueous environment was studied by replica exchange MD simulations. Both peptides readily dimerize, and predominant complex structures were characterized through cluster analysis. The peptides formed dimers by either associating sideways or stacking on top of each other. Dimers formed through sideways association were mainly stabilized by hydrogen bonding, while the other dimers were stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. The ability of tyrocidine peptides to form different types of dimers with different orientations suggests that they can form larger aggregates, as well.
Call Detail Records Driven Anomaly Detection and Traffic Prediction in Mobile Cellular Networks (2018)

Mobile networks possess information about the users as well as the network. Such information is useful for making the network end-to-end visible and intelligent. Big data analytics can efficiently analyze user and network information, unearth meaningful insights with the help of machine learning tools. Utilizing big data analytics and machine learning, this paper contributes in three ways. First, we utilize the call detail records data to detect anomalies in the network. For authentication and verification of anomalies, we use k-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Through effective detection of anomalies, we can proceed to suitable design for resource distribution as well as fault detection and avoidance. Second, we prepare anomaly free data by removing anomalous activities and train a neural network model. By passing the anomaly and anomaly free data through this model, we observe the effect of anomalous activities in training of the model and also observe mean square error of the anomaly and anomaly free data. At last, we use an autoregressive integrated moving average model to predict future traffic for a user. Through simple visualization, we show that the anomaly free data better generalizes the learning models and performs better on prediction task.
[AT(1) and AT(2) angiotensin II receptors: key features]. (2002)

The angiotensin AT(1) and AT(2) receptors have been cloned and characterised. Both are members of the serpentine receptor superfamily coupled to G proteins, but there is only 32% homology between the AT(1) and AT(2) receptors. The typical pharmacological features of AT(1) receptors are their selective affinity for biphenylimidazoles (typified by losartan) and their insensitivity to tetrahydroimidazopyridine (such as PD123319). In contrast, the AT(2) receptor has the opposite sensitivity for these two ligands. Genes located on chromosome 3 and X, respectively, encode the human AT(1) and AT(2) receptors. The signalling pathways of AT(1) and AT(2) are totally different. In addition to the classical signal transduction mechanisms (phospholipases C, D, A, voltage-dependent calcium channels and adenylate cyclase), the AT(1) receptor stimulates the phosphorylation of several tyrosine-containing proteins such as Jak 2, Stat 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases. It also activates the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. The AT(1) receptor is responsible for the majority of the effects of angiotensin II: vasoconstriction, sodium re-absorption, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix formation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress. The AT(2) receptor is expressed abundantly in fetal tissues but at low density in adults. It is, however, upregulated in various pathological circumstances such as heart failure. In contrast to the AT(1) receptor, the signalling pathway of the AT(2) receptor does not induce an increase in inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerate formation with calcium mobilisation. Activation of the AT(2) receptor stimulates an intracellular mechanism involving various Tyr (tyrosine) and Ser (serine)/Thr (threonine) phosphatases, nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and phospholipase A(2). The effect of the AT(2) receptor counterbalances that of the AT(1) receptor: inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP), antiproliferation, promotion of apoptosis, opening of delayed-rectifier K(+) channels, closing of T-type Ca(2+) channels, stimulation of nerve differentiation and regeneration. It has been hypothesised that stimulation of the AT(2) receptor is part of the mechanism of action of the AT(1) receptor antagonists.
Outerwall selective alkylcarboxylation and enrichment of double-walled carbon nanotubes (2011)

Double-walled carbon nanotubes were enriched from their single- and few-walled counterparts as well as other carbonaceous byproducts coexisting in as-synthesized materials using Billups–Birch reductive alkylcarboxylation chemistry. The enrichment was made possible due to high selectivity of the reaction towards smaller diameter, single-walled carbon nanotubes and more defective carbonaceous structures. Raman resonant scattering studies suggest that alkylcarboxylation selectively occurred on the outerwalls while the inner-tubes remained unaffected. The separated double-walled carbon nanotubes were water soluble due to outerwall alkylcarboxylation, but the Raman modes and part of the optical properties of the inner-tubes were preserved.
Economic impact of the use of rsperiodone for the treatment of chronic schizophrenia in Ireland (1997)

Economic impact of the use of rsperiodone for the treatment of chronic schizophrenia in Ireland
Learning to rank typed graph walks (2007)

We consider the setting of lazy random graph walks over directed graphs, where entities are represented as nodes and typed edges represent the relations between them. This framework has been used in a variety of problems to derive an extended measure of entity similarity. In this paper we contrast two different approaches for applying supervised learning in this framework to improve graph walk performance: a gradient descent algorithm that tunes the transition probabilities of the graph, and a reranking approach that uses features describing global properties of the traversed paths. An empirical evaluation on a set of tasks from the domain of personal information management and multiple corpora show that reranking performance is usually superior to the local gradient descent algorithm, and that the methods often yield best results when combined.
Short range travel time geoacoustic inversion with vertical line array (2008)

This paper presents travel time geoacoustic inversion of broadband data collected on a vertical line array at short range of 230 m during the Shallow Water 2006 experiments. A ray-tracing method combined with a hybrid optimization algorithm that utilizes differential evolution and downhill simplex was used for the inversion of sediment properties. The ocean sound speed profile and geometric parameters were inverted prior to the sea bottom properties to account for the temporally variable ocean environment. The sediment sound speed and thickness estimates are consistent with in situ measurements and matched-field inversion results of longer-range data from the experiment.
Erbium:YAG Laser and Cultured Epidermis in the Surgical Therapy of Stable Vitiligo (2003)

Under appropriate conditions, cultured epidermal grafts induce complete repigmentation of stable vitiligo lesions. Erbium:YAG laser surgery can supply a fast and precise tool for disepithelialization, hence allowing treatment of large vitiligo lesions during a single surgical operation.
Machine Learning–Based Charge Transport Computation for Pentacene (2018)

Abstract Insight into the relation between morphology and transport properties of organic semiconductors can be gained using multiscale simulations. Since computing electronic properties, such as the intermolecular transfer integral, using quantum chemical (QC) methods requires a high computational cost, existing models assume several approximations. A machine learning (ML)–based multiscale approach is presented that allows to simulate charge transport in organic semiconductors considering the static disorder within disordered crystals. By mapping fingerprints of dimers to their respective transfer integral, a kernel ridge regression ML algorithm for the prediction of charge transfer integrals is trained and evaluated. Since QC calculations of the electronic structure must be performed only once, the use of ML reduces the computation time radically, while maintaining the prediction error small. Transfer integrals predicted by ML are utilized for the computation of charge carrier mobilities using off‐lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. Benefiting from the rapid performance of ML, microscopic processes can be described accurately without the need for phenomenological approximations. The multiscale system is tested with the well‐known molecular semiconductor pentacene. The presented methodology allows reproducing the experimentally observed anisotropy of the mobility and enables a fast estimation of the impact of disorder.
Tau-focused therapy and tau transmission: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease and related tauopathies (2013)

Tau pathology is characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies including Parkinson’s disease (PD) wherein a significant percentage of PD patients who develop dementia harbor AD-like tau pathology. Tau pathology is characterized by insoluble filamentous aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau in CNS neurons known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuropil threads (NTs). NFTs and NTs are implicated in mechanisms of neurodegeneration through gains of toxic functions or losses of normal tau functions. Hyperphosphorylation and decreased solubility of tau leads to a loss of the ability of tau to bind to and stabilize microtubules (MTs) which impairs axonal transport and results in neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. This presentation describes the use of MT stabilizing drugs to counteract the loss of tau function and prevent/ameliorate tau mediated neurodegeneration in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model of an AD-like neurodegenerative tauopathy. Briefly, proof of concept prevention and intervention studies of the brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing agent epothilone D (EpoD) are described in young (prevention) and aged (intervention) P301S mutant tau Tg mice (PS 19 mice) with little (young PS 19 mice) or abundant tau pathology and behavioral impairments (aged PS19 mice). In the prevention and intervention studies, EpoD treatment reduced axonal dystrophy and increased axonal MT density which led to improved neuronal integrity and cognitive performance. EpoD treatment also improved fast axonal transport in the aged PS19 Tg mice. Unexpectedly, aged PS19 mice treated with EpoD showed a marked reduction in forebrain tau pathology and increased hippocampal neuronal integrity. There were no dose-limiting side effects in the EpoD treated young and aged PS19 mice. These studies support the view that EpoD and other brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing drugs offset the loss of tau function in neurodegenerative tauopathies and therefore are potential therapeutics for the treatment of AD and related tauopathies. Finally, a new seeded transmission model of tauopathy is presented using injections of preformed tau fibrils into the brains of PS19 mice which presents new opportunities to assess the efficacy of MT stabilizers and other potential passive immunization therapies for AD and related tauopathies.

Supported by grants from the NINDS/NIA.
Dynamic programming for structured continuous Markov decision problems (2004)

We describe an approach for exploiting structure in Markov Decision Processes with continuous state variables. At each step of the dynamic programming, the state space is dynamically partitioned into regions where the value function is the same throughout the region. We first describe the algorithm for piecewise constant representations. We then extend it to piecewise linear representations, using techniques from POMDPs to represent and reason about linear surfaces efficiently. We show that for complex, structured problems, our approach exploits the natural structure so that optimal solutions can be computed efficiently.
Microbiologic Assay of Erythrocytic Folate Content by the Aseptic Addition Method (1974)

Folate activity in the erythrocyte is a better indicator of folate deficiency in man than the serum folate content. In this report, a relatively simple and practical method for the determination of erythrocytic folate is described. Hemolysate prepared by diluting whole blood in ion-free water containing freshly added ascorbic acid (1 Gm. per 100 ml.), is assayed directly by the aseptic addition method without further dilution and autoclaving to precipitate protein. The reproducibility of this method is good, and erythrocytic folate levels of normal controls and patients with megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency are in close agreement with the results reported by other investigators.
Influences of resonant wavelengths on performances of microcavity organic light-emitting devices (2007)

In this letter, we investigate theoretically and experimentally the influences of resonant wavelengths on performances of microcavity organic light-emitting devices. Results show that by setting the normal-direction resonant wavelength around the peak wavelength of the intrinsic emission, one obtains the highest luminance enhancement along the normal direction and hardly detectable color shift with viewing angles, yet accompanied by highly directed emission. On the other hand, the highest enhancement (∼1.4 times) in external quantum efficiencies and the most uniform brightness distribution are obtained by setting the normal-direction resonant wavelength of 20–40nm longer than the peak wavelength of the intrinsic emission, yet with noticeable color shift over viewing angles. Due to the trade-offs between different emission characteristics in choosing the resonant wavelength, the exact design of microcavity devices would depend on actual applications.
The Role of Haemopoietic Cell Growth Factor (Interleukin 3) in the Development of Haemopoietic Cells (1985)

Haemopoietic cell development in vivo occurs in restricted sites in association with stromal cells. Haemopoiesis in vitro can be induced in the absence of stromal cells, provided the haemopoietic cells are supplied with appropriate growth stimulatory molecules. Evidence indicates that the same, or functionally similar, growth factors are normally supplied in vivo by the surrounding stromal cells and that the control of haemopoietic cell proliferation and development is regulated locally and is mediated by cell-cell interactions. We have been studying the effects of a growth factor which induces self-renewal and differentiation of multipotential stem cells as well as proliferation and development of lineage-restricted progenitor cells and activation of mature cells. Because of the wide range of activities embraced by this molecule we have termed it haemopoietic cell growth factor (HCGF). It is also known as interleukin 3 and multi-CSF. HCGF allows the survival, proliferation and development of cells and can be used to generate continuously growing, non-leukaemic, factor-dependent cell lines, in vitro (FDC-P). In the absence of HCGF. FDC-P cells die within hours. We have shown that HCGF may exert its primary effects (in terms of cell survival) on ATP generation, via its influence on glucose transport. Studies are also described which indicate that a primary event in differentiation induced by HCGF involves ADP-ribosylation of membrane-associated proteins. The significance of these findings for normal haemopoiesis and in leukaemogenesis is discussed.
Optimal BHA Design for Steerability and Stability with Configurable Rotary-Steerable System (2008)

Abstract There have been significant attempts to optimize the various bottom-hole assemblies (BHAs) used in rotary steerable (RS) applications because the optimal RS assembly can provide operators with significant cost savings by providing less vibration, high BHA stability, high-quality borehole, and thus predictable steerability. This paper presents the development of BHA analysis models using simplified mathematical equations. RS BHA optimization process is demonstrated through the extensive field test program. The predictions of BHA response and directional drilling performance of the RSS have been examined with the numerous field test data taken in a controlled and non-commercial environment, allowing single step changes in both the drill bit features and RS configurations. The testing is unique since the specific rotary-steerable system (RSS) works in field-configurable point-the-bit and push-the-bit modes. Between two distinct RSS operation modes, consistency in stiffness, weight, force applying capability, and control system lead to a direct comparison of different BHA models. Confidential test sites were selected for evaluating different RS BHA configurations in both push-the-bit and point-the-bit modes. The systematic BHA testing was conducted in two different test facilities in North America. A unique sensor system, integrated into the specific RSS, provided real-time measurement of near-bit borehole caliper and near-bit stick-slip and vibration1,2 This feature allowed real-time evaluation of bit and BHA stability and borehole quality while the maximum build-up test was performed. After each test run, memory data was retrieved and used for more detailed assessment of bit and BHA performance. BHA configuration tests were systematically conducted in a controlled environment so that the relationship between BHA analysis models and actual BHA behaviors could be identified. As a result, the systematic testing and verification lead to the optimal RS BHA design in both push-the-bit and point-the-bit configurations for stability, steerability and borehole quality.
Emerging Infectious Diseases in 2012: 20 Years after the Institute of Medicine Report (2012)

Twenty years ago (1992), a landmark Institute of Medicine report entitled "Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States" underscored the important but often underappreciated concept of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). A review of the progress made and setbacks experienced over the past 2 decades suggests that even though many new diseases have emerged, such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and the 2009 pandemic influenza, significant advances have occurred in EID control, prevention, and treatment. Among many elements of the increase in the capacity to control EIDs are genomics-associated advances in microbial detection and treatment, improved disease surveillance, and greater awareness of EIDs and the complicated variables that underlie emergence. In looking back over the past 20 years, it is apparent that we are in a time of great change in which both the challenge of EIDs and our responses to them are being transformed. Recent advances support guarded optimism that further breakthroughs lie ahead.