gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Governance and Ethics in Temporary Organizations: The Mediating Role of Corporate Governance (2016)

The impact of multilevel level governance on the frequency of ethical issues in temporary organizations (TOs) is investigated. A structural equation model, based on a global survey, showed that behavior control, as a governance mechanism at the temporary organization (TO) level, reduces the frequency of ethical issues. This relationship is partly mediated through corporate governance, which controls ethical issues by following good governance principles. Using institutional and agency theory, we identify a substitution effect, where micro level (TO) governance substitutes for ‘holes’ in the macro level (corporate) governance. Situational contingencies for the synchronization of governance efforts across macro and micro levels are discussed.
Growth of flat p‐GaN contact layer by pulse flow method for high light‐extraction AlGaN deep‐UV LEDs with Al‐based electrode (2012)

Abstract Improvement of light extraction efficiency (LEE) is strongly demanded in an AlGaN‐based deep ultraviolet (DUV) light‐emitting diode (LED), because the LEE of AlGaN DUV LED is low (usually below 10%) due to the light absorption at around p‐GaN contact layer and p‐type electrode. We have demonstrated improvement of LEE of AlGaN DUV LEDs by using thin p‐GaN contact layer and using Al‐based high‐reflectivity p‐electrode. It was difficult to grow thin and flat p‐type GaN layers with heavy Mg‐doping on high‐Al‐content AlGaN layers. We demonstrated the growth of flat and thin p‐GaN contact layer by using ‘an NH 3 pulse‐flow growth method’. We investigated the growth conditions for thin p‐GaN contact layer with high‐hole‐concentration using the NH 3 pulse‐flow growth method. The surface roughness of the p‐GaN layer on high‐Al‐content p‐AlGaN was markedly improved by using an NH 3 pulse‐flow growth method. We fabricated 250 nm‐band AlGaN quantum well (QW) DUV LEDs with thin p‐GaN contact layers grown by an NH 3 pulse‐flow growth method. We observed single‐peaked operation spectrum for the 251 nm AlGaN MQW LED. The maximum output power and external quantum efficiencies (EQE) were 17.7 mW and 1.32%, respectively, measured under room temperature cw operation. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Activation Reduces Salt-Dependent Hypertension During Chronic Endothelin B Receptor Blockade (2005)

Endothelin B (ETB) receptor stimulation inhibits sodium transport in a similar fashion as 20-HETE. Clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) agonist, increases protein expression of cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A), which is responsible for 20-HETE synthesis in the kidney. Experiments were designed to determine whether clofibrate reduces hypertension associated with chronic ETB receptor blockade. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either normal-salt (0.8% NaCl) or high-salt (8% NaCl) diet for 10 days. Female rats were fed a high-salt (8% NaCl) diet for 10 days. During the last 7 days, rats of both sexes were divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) clofibrate in drinking water (80 mg per day), (2) ETB receptor antagonist A-192621 in food (10 mg/kg per day), or (3) clofibrate and A-192621. During ETB receptor blockade, clofibrate had no effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP) under normal salt conditions. In contrast, clofibrate significantly inhibited the increase in MAP produced by A-192621 in rats fed a high-salt diet (34+/-3 versus 19+/-4 mm Hg; P <0.05). Similar results were observed in female rats administered A-192621 and fed a high-salt diet. ETB receptor blockade significantly decreased CYP4A protein expression in the renal cortex of rats on high salt. Clofibrate significantly increased renal cortical and medullary CYP4A protein expression in A-192621-treated male rats on high salt. Therefore, chronic PPAR-alpha agonist treatment reduces salt-dependent hypertension produced by ETB receptor blockade in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. This suggests a possible relationship between ETB receptor activation and the maintenance of CYP4A protein expression in the kidney of rats fed a high-salt diet.
An End-to-End Technique to Estimate the Transmission Rate of an IEEE 802.11 WLAN (2007)

The deployment of wireless LANs (WLANs) has been steadily increasing over the years and estimating the actual bit rate of a WLAN device is important for management and applications such as those that can adapt their transmission rates according to the network characteristics. We propose a simple and accurate active measurement technique to infer the bit rate of an IEEE802.11 device. The proposed method is based both on a recently proposed technique to infer the type of access network and on the packet pair approach, but adapted to take into account the overhead caused by the IEEE802.11 control and the existence of concurrent WLAN traffic. Furthermore, the technique does not require the WLAN to be the bottleneck link in the path from the measuring point to the end computer. Results from simulation and from measurements show that the approach is accurate to infer WLAN access point rates both in scenarios where the WLAN devices can adapt their rates as well as WLANs with fixed transmission rates.
Increased Frequency of Aberrations in the p53/MDM2/p14<i>ARF</i> Pathway in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines Established at Relapse (2006)

p53 mutations have been reported in cell lines derived from relapsed neuroblastoma tumors. We hypothesize that functional inactivation of p53 by mutation or other mechanisms is common in relapsed neuroblastoma and can contribute to chemoresistance. Our aim was to determine the frequency of p53 mutations, p14(ARF) methylation, or deletion and MDM2 amplification in 23 neuroblastoma cell lines (6 derived at diagnosis and 17 derived at relapse). One cell line was p53 mutant (BE2c) and two cell lines were deleted for p14(ARF) (LAN-6 and SHEP). Two cell lines were methylated for p14(ARF) (GIMEN and PER-108), one of which had low levels of p14(ARF) mRNA expression which increased following demethylation with 5-aza-2/deoxycytidine treatment (GIMEN), and four cell lines were confirmed to be MDM2-amplified. All these cell lines were derived from neuroblastomas at relapse. Inactivation of the p53 pathway was observed in 9 out of 17 neuroblastoma cell lines (53%) established at relapse and in none of the cell lines established from pretreatment tumors. If these data are confirmed in neuroblastoma tumors, this suggests that p53-independent therapy and reactivation of inactive p53 approaches would be useful in the management of relapsed neuroblastoma.
H<inf>2</inf> model matching feedforward control for tape head positioning servo systems (2013)

Increasing track densities on tape is a critical step to improve the areal storage capacity and the data transfer rate of tape storage technology. The tape industry envisions increasing track densities from 5,000 tracks per inch (TPI) to more than 50,000 TPI in the next decade. The higher track densities reduce the track pitch significantly and require the tape head servo system to position the read/write head assembly more precisely. While tape transports longitudinally, the tape moves in the lateral direction as well and this motion causes displacements between the head and the desired track. In order to improve the performance of the head positioning servo system to meet the requirements of higher track densities, the disturbance due to the lateral tape motion (LTM) has to be addressed. This paper applies H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> model matching methods to find an optimal feedforward controller that minimizes the norm of the transfer function from the disturbance to the position error. The existence of a non-trivial solution to the model matching problem is discussed, considering the dynamics of the plant and the disturbance. To constrain the size of the feedforward input to the tape head actuator, the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> model matching problem is augmented to minimize the variance of the position error and the size of a weighted norm on the feedforward control simultaneously. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the feedforward control, provided a solution exists.
Pulmonary Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin-1 Beta, and Interleukin-8 in the Acute Phase of Bovine Pneumonic Pasteurellosis (2001)

Inflammatory cytokines are suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis (BPP) through neutrophil recruitment, leukocyte activation, and the induction of a broad array of soluble inflammatory mediators. An in vivo experimental model of BPP was used to characterize the pulmonary expression kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) genes and proteins during the acute phase of disease development. Cytokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, BAL cells, and pneumonic lung parenchyma was quantitated by northern blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in situ hybridization at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after endobronchial inoculation of Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica. Expression of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 was significantly increased in the airways and lung lesions of infected calves as compared with mock-infected controls. Although kinetic patterns varied, peak levels of cytokine mRNA occured within 8 hours postinfection (PI), and peak cytokine concentrations occurred within 16 hours PI. In all samples, IL-8 was expressed to the greatest extent and TNFalpha was least expressed. Expression of TNFalpha was restricted to alveolar macrophages. Alveolar and interstitial macrophages produced IL-1beta and IL-8 in the first 4 hours; bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells were also significant sources of IL-8 during this period. By 8 hours PI, neutrophils were the dominant source of both IL-1beta and IL-8. These findings demonstrate a spatial and temporal association between pulmonary expression of inflammatory cytokines and acute lung pathology, supporting the hypothesis that cytokines contribute to inflammatory lung injury in BPP.
Freeze–Thaw Sample Preparation Method Improves Detection of Volatile Compounds in Insects Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (2017)

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is commonly used in analyzing insect volatiles. To improve the detection of volatiles in insects, a freeze-thaw method was applied to insect samples before the HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis. Insect samples were first frozen at -80 °C for 10 min and then thawed at 25 °C for 5 min before SPME extraction was performed. The freeze-thaw method clearly improved the detection of volatile compounds for all six tested insect species, including red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, black imported fire ants, Solenopsis richteri Forel, little black ants, Monomorium minimum (Buckley), pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus), eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), and spotted lady beetles, Coleomegilla maculate De Geer. This method helped identify various volatile compounds in the tested insects which have never been reported previously. This improved method may facilitate the identification of insect derived volatiles such as insect semiochemicals.
Impulse Noise Mitigation Based on Computational Intelligence for Improved Bit Rate in PLC-DMT (2005)

This paper introduces a modified version of the discrete multi-tone transceiver (DMT) to increase the data rate in broadband power-line communications (PLC). Basically, a computational-intelligence technique trained by a second-order optimization method is applied to mitigate the high-power impulse noise, while the DMT copes with the severe intersymbol interference observed in power-line channels. The masking of the impulse noise enhances the signal-to-noise ratio in each DMT subchannel. As a result, a high number of bits can be allotted to each subchannel for a given error probability. The simulation results reveal that the proposed PLC-DMT solution outperforms, in terms of the data rate, traditional PLC-DMT over different environments, especially in the presence of additive high-power impulse noise.
Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion (1996)

The regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion is complex, depending on the interaction of a wide array of central and peripheral feedback signals. In this brief review we will build up a picture of the current understanding of GH control mechanisms, highlighting areas of particular clinical relevance.
Photochemical cross-linking of influenza A polymerase to its virion RNA promoter defines a polymerase binding site at residues 9 to 12 of the promoter (1993)

A previous study of the 12 nucleotide-long influenza A virion RNA promoter has shown that three nucleotides, residues 9 to 11, were crucial for transcription in vitro, although other nucleotides play a significant but less important role. A model for polymerase-promoter recognition was proposed, according to which there were two sites: a binding site at residues 9 to 11 and a regulatory site at or near the site of initiation at residue 1. By studying the effect of point mutations in the promoter on the binding efficiency of the polymerase using a photochemical cross-linking assay, we now show that residues 9 to 12 are crucial for binding. In addition residues 4 to 8, though not as important, are involved in binding, possibly by stabilizing the polymerase-promoter complex. Both PB1 and PB2 apparently play an important role during virion RNA promoter recognition and binding.
Expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 major DNA-binding protein, ICP8, in transformed cell lines: complementation of deletion mutants and inhibition of wild-type virus (1987)

To minimize the contribution of residual activity associated with the temperature-sensitive (ts) form of ICP8 specified by available ts mutants, deletion mutations in this gene were constructed. Cells permissive for the generation and propagation of ICP8 deletion mutants were first obtained. Vero cells were cotransfected with pKEF-P4, which contains the gene for ICP8, and pSV2neo or a hybrid plasmid containing the G418 resistance gene linked to pKEF-P4. Of the 48 G418-resistant cell lines, 21 complemented ICP8 ts mutants in plaque assays at the nonpermissive temperature. Four of these were examined by Southern blot analysis and shown to contain 1 to 3 copies of the ICP8 gene per haploid genome equivalent. Cell line U-47 was used as the permissive host for construction of ICP8 deletion mutants. In addition to cell lines which complemented ts mutants, two lines, U-27 and U-35, significantly inhibited plaque formation by wild-type virus, contained 30 and 100 copies of the ICP8 gene per haploid genome equivalent, respectively, and expressed large amounts of ICP8 after infection with wild-type virus. At low but not high multiplicities of infection, this inhibition was accompanied by underproduction of viral polypeptides of the early, delayed-early, and late kinetic classes. For construction of deletion mutants, a 780-base-pair XhoI fragment was deleted from pSG18-SalIA, a plasmid which contains the gene for ICP8, to yield pDX. U-47 cells were then cotransfected with pDX and infectious wild-type DNA. Mutant d61, isolated from the progeny of cotransfection, was found to contain both the engineered deletion in the ICP8 gene and an oriL-associated deletion of approximately 55 base pairs. Because d61 contained two mutations, a second mutant, d21, which carried the engineered ICP8 deletion but an intact oriL, was constructed by cotransfection of U-47 cells with wild-type DNA and an SalI-KpnI fragment purified from pDX. Phenotypic analysis of d21 and d61 revealed that they were similar in all properties examined: both exhibited efficient growth in U-47 cells but not in Vero cells; both induced the synthesis of an ICP8 polypeptide which was smaller than the wild-type form of the protein and which, unlike the wild-type protein, was found in the cytoplasm and not the nucleus of infected Vero cells; and nonpermissive Vero cells infected with either mutant failed to express late viral polypeptides.
Total synthesis of (+)-petromyroxol via tandem α-aminoxylation–allylation and asymmetric dihydroxylation–S<sub>N</sub>2 cyclization approach (2015)

The total synthesis of (+)-petromyroxol, a tetrahydrofuran (THF)-diol fatty acid, isolated from sea lamprey larvae (<italic>Petromyzon marinus</italic>) is reported.
High prevalence of<i>Mycoplasma</i>infections among European chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Examination of four<i>Mycoplasma</i>species in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients (2002)

Prevalence of Mycoplasma species infections in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been extensively reported in the scientific literature. However, all previous reports highlighted the presence of Mycoplasmas in American patients. In this prospective study, the presence of Mycoplasma fermentans, M. penetrans, M. pneumoniae and M. hominis in the blood of 261 European CFS patients and 36 healthy volunteers was examined using forensic polymerase chain reaction. One hundred and seventy-nine (68.6%) patients were infected by at least one species of Mycoplasma, compared to two out of 36 (5.6%) in the control sample (P<0.001). Among Mycoplasma-infected patients, M. hominis was the most frequently observed infection (n=96; 36.8% of the overall sample), followed by M. pneumoniae and M. fermentans infections (equal frequencies; n=67; 25.7%). M. penetrans infections were not found. Multiple mycoplasmal infections were detected in 45 patients (17.2%). Compared to American CFS patients (M. pneumoniae>M. hominis>M. penetrans), a slightly different pattern of mycoplasmal infections was found in European CFS patients (M. hominis>M. pneumoniae, M. fermentansz.Gt;M. penetrans).
Bone Transport Using Intramedullary Fixation and a Single Flexible Traction Cable (1996)

The transfixing wires used in the limb-lengthening and bone-transport procedures described by Ilizarov are the primary source of complications, including infection, restricted joint motion, and pain. In an attempt to eliminate the need for external fixation, a traction cable device was devised to perform a 3-cm bone transport in the canine femur using an interlocking intramedullary rod for fixation. Twelve dogs were divided into 2 groups. Transport began 7 days after osteotomy and continued at either 1 mm per day (n = 6) or 2 mm per day (n = 6). The in vivo peak force, resting force, and stiffness of the transport segment increased throughout distraction to a mean of 150 Newtons, 58 N, and 58 N per millimeter, respectively, at the time of docking. The regenerate and docking sites united in 10 of 12 dogs. Failure of the regenerate associated with deep infection around the rod occurred in 2 animals (17%). Modifications of this technique to reduce the risk of infection are discussed. This study confirms that intramedullary fixation is compatible with distraction osteogenesis and shows that a single traction cable can provide the force necessary for bone transport without transfixing wires in this setting.
Murine plasma cell membrane antigen PC-1: molecular cloning of cDNA and analysis of expression. (1985)

PC-1 is a membrane glycoprotein expressed selectively on murine antibody-secreting plasma cells. Previously, we have obtained partial amino acid sequence data for this protein. Here, we describe the use of these data in the isolation of PC-1 cDNA clones. To avoid the "3'-bias" of conventional cDNA libraries we constructed a cDNA library in lambda gt10 by priming the first strand of cDNA synthesis with random hexadeoxynucleotides. The library was screened with oligonucleotide probes, 17 nucleotides in length, the design of which was based on the amino acid sequence data. Two cDNA clones of 1.0 and 0.9 kilobase pairs (lambda RR3 and lambda RR20, respectively) were isolated. Both contained a sequence encoding the 15-residue tryptic peptide that was used to derive the sequences of the oligonucleotide probes. lambda RR3 cDNA hybridized to an approximately equal to 3.5-kilobase mRNA that was present in plasmacytomas, spleen, and liver but not in other cell types screened. We were unable to detect PC-1 mRNA or protein in mouse brain. In the spleens of mice chronically infected with Mesocestoides corti, PC-1 mRNA was present at 2.5-fold higher levels than found in normal mouse spleens, whereas immunoglobulin mRNA levels were 15-fold higher. Southern blot analyses revealed the presence of only one gene copy per haploid mouse genome. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were detected in genomic DNA from mice bearing different PC-1 alleles. A related gene is present in rat genomic DNA.
Microstructural and compositional failure analysis of Cr-CrCu-Cu thin films for ball grid array (BGA) applications (2002)

A PVD Cr-CrCu-Cu metal scheme for flip chip applications was investigated varying the conditions of deposition power and temperature, and film thickness. The thin film stress and resistivity of the Cr-CrCu-Cu multilayers and the effect of film and thermal cycle reliability were studied. Thermal cycle reliability results proved to be a function of both the CrCu alloy and the Cu overlayer thickness. Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) results support the diffusion barrier relationship of CrCu layer.
The <i>Pseudomonas</i> phytotoxin coronatine mimics octadecanoid signalling molecules of higher plants (1994)

The phytotoxic principle, coronatine, which is present in several pathovars of the plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae was shown to be highly active in completely different, jasmonate-selective bioassays. At nanomolar to micromolar concentrations, coronatine induced the accumulation of defense-related secondary metabolites in several plant cell cultures, induced transcript accumulation of the elicitor-responsive gene encoding the berberine bridge enzyme of Eschscholtzia californica, as well as the coiling response of Bryonia dioica tendrils. Biological activity critically depended upon the structure of coronatine, and slight modifications, such as methylation of the carboxyl moiety or reduction of the carbonyl group, rendered the molecules almost inactive. Coronafacic acid, obtained by hydrolysis of coronatine, was also nearly inactive. Coronatine did not elicit the accumulation of endogenous jasmonic acid in the systems analyzed. While coronafacic acid is similar in structure to jasmonic acid, we found coronatine to be a close structural analogue of the cyclic C18-precursor of jasmonic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. The phytotoxic symptoms produced by coronatine can now be understood on the basis of the toxin's action as a mimic of the octadecanoid signalling molecules of higher plants.
Cognitively motivated features for readability assessment (2009)

We investigate linguistic features that correlate with the readability of texts for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Based on a corpus of texts (including some experimentally measured for comprehension by adults with ID), we analyze the significance of novel discourse-level features related to the cognitive factors underlying our users' literacy challenges. We develop and evaluate a tool for automatically rating the readability of texts for these users. Our experiments show that our discourse-level, cognitively-motivated features improve automatic readability assessment.
Memorabilia (1969)

Journal Article Memorabilia Get access CHRISTOPHER HILL CHRISTOPHER HILL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 16, Issue 1, January 1969, Pages 2-a–2, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/16-1-2a Published: 01 January 1969