gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constitutive activation of the TSH receptor by spontaneous mutations affecting the N‐terminal extracellular domain (1997)

Activating mutations of the TSH receptor gene have been found in toxic adenomas and hereditary toxic thyroid hyperplasia. Up to now, all mutations have been located in the serpentine portion of the receptor. We now describe two additional mutations affecting Ser-281 (Ser-281-Thr and Ser-281-Asn) in the ectodomain of the receptor. After transfection in COS cells, both mutants displayed increased constitutive activity for cAMP generation despite expression at a lower level than the wild type. The mutants were responsive to TSH. The present results are compatible with a model in which the activity of the unliganded receptor is kept at a low level by an inhibitory interaction between the N-terminal domain and the serpentine portion of the receptor.
Optimal pose selection for vision-based kinematic calibration of parallel mechanisms (2004)

In this paper, a new pose selection criterion for the kinematic calibration of parallel mechanisms is proposed. It enables one to take into account the measurement noise amplification that may occur for parallel mechanisms, as well as the variation of amplitude and anisotropy of the measuring device accuracy. This new criterion is applied to vision-based calibration of an Orthoglide mechanism, both in simulation, with comparison to existing criteria, and experimentally.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Active Methylene Reagents with Sulfur and Phenyl Isothiocyanate: Novel Synthesis of Thiazole, Thiazolo(4,5‐d)pyrimidine and 4,5′‐Bithiazolyl Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cellular Sequences Related to Three New <i>onc</i> Genes of Avian Sarcoma Virus ( <i>fps, yes</i> , and <i>ros</i> ) and Their Expression in Normal and Transformed Cells (1982)

Two onc genes of avian sarcoma viruses unrelated to the src gene have recently been identified: fps of Fujinami sarcoma virus/PRCII/UR1 and yes of Y73/Esh sarcoma virus. In the first part of this study we demonstrated that UR2, the most recently isolated avian sarcoma virus, contains in its genome a unique sequence, ros, nonhomologous to src, fps, and yes sequences or to transforming genes of avian acute leukemia viruses. Using cDNAs specific to the inserts of avian sarcoma virus genomes, we examined the existence and the transcription of cellular nucleotide sequences related to the three new onc genes of avian sarcoma virus (fps, yes and ros) in various cells. The progenitor cellular sequences for these onc genes (c-onc) were present in uninfected chicken DNA in one or few copies per haploid genome. These c-onc sequences were detectable in cellular DNA of a wide variety of vertebrates, and the homology between viral and cellular onc was inversely related to the phylogenetic distance of animal species. The pattern of expression of these c-onc genes in different tissues of chickens was found to be unique to each gene. The expression of c-fps and c-ros genes was generally repressed in many tissues, but c-fps was expressed at higher levels in bone marrow (2.5 copies per cell) and lung (1.1 copies per cell), whereas c-ros was mainly transcribed in kidney (2.5 copies per cell). On the other hand, c-yes transcripts were easily detectable in all tissues analyzed and were found at high levels in kidney (26 copies per cell). These c-onc expressions were unaffected by infection with avian sarcoma viruses that contained other onc genes. In a few cultures of chicken and quail transformed cells derived from tumors induced by chemical carcinogens, we found that the levels of transcription of the four c-onc genes remained unaltered, compared with that in normal tissues.
C-C motif-ligand 2 inhibition with emapticap pegol (NOX-E36) in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria (2016)

Inhibition of the CCL2/CCL2 receptor axis with emapticap pegol was generally safe and well tolerated. Beneficial effects on ACR and HbA1c were observed in this exploratory study, which were maintained after cessation of treatment. Taken together, emapticap may have disease-modifying effects that warrant further investigation in adequately powered confirmatory studies.
Unmasking the Progesterone Receptor in the Preoptic Area andHypothalamus of the Ewe: No Colocalization with Gonadotropin-ReleasingNeurons (2001)

Progesterone powerfully inhibits GnRH secretion in ewes, as in other species, but the neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain poorly understood. Visualization of the neural ovine progesterone receptor has proved elusive but, using a high temperature antigen unmasking technique, the progesterone receptor was revealed in the ewe brain. Progesterone receptors were located in the preoptic-hypothalamic continuum, especially in the preoptic area, ventrolateral region of the ventromedial nucleus and the arcuate nucleus. This study also suggests that the inhibitory action of progesterone on GnRH release is not transduced directly through the GnRH neurons as a single GnRH perikaryon of 732 was immunoreactive for the progesterone receptor.
Hop stunt viroid: molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the complete cDNA copy (1983)

The complete cDNA of hop stunt viroid (HSV) has been cloned by the method of Okayama and Berg (Mol.Cell.Biol.2,161-170. (1982] and the complete nucleotide sequence has been established. The covalently closed circular single-stranded HSV RNA consists of 297 nucleotides. The secondary structure predicted for HSV contains 67% of its residues base-paired. The native HSV can possess an extended rod-like structure characteristic of viroids previously established. The central region of the native HSV has a similar structure to the conserved region found in all viroids sequenced so far except for avocado sunblotch viroid. The sequence homologous to the 5'-end of U1a RNA is also found in the sequence of HSV but not in the central conserved region.
Conformational studies of substituted five-membered cyclic carbonates and related compounds by MNDO, and the X-ray crystal structure of 4-chlorophenyloxymethyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-one (1989)

Geometries, torsional barriers, and dipole moments have been computed for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted five-membered cyclic carbonates and for some substituted cyclopentanones, oxolanes, 4-butyrolactones, and 1,3-dioxolanes. With respect to cyclic carbonates it was deduced that the potential curve increases moderately with T3456(torsion angle) and for most compounds a 1 kcal difference between 4T5 or 5T4 conformers and planar form corresponds to a torsional angle of ±14–16°. The minimum is, in general, flattened and close to planar. Additional modes of ring, puckering such as 5E, E5, 4E, E4 and 2E, E2 were also examined. Between the enantiomeric structures with opposite distortions, the quasi equatorial conformation of the alkyl group is preferred. endo and exo anomeric effects in carbonate systems have been studied by introducing strong electron-withdrawing substituents, in the carbonate 4-position. The exo anomeric effect was observed with many of the polar substituents, but the role of the anomeric effect in ring puckering (endo effect) was found to be small.For other five-membered ring systems MNDO predicts that the energy barrier to interconversion of planar ↔ twist is in the following order: carbonates > 1,3-dioxolanes > butyrolactones > oxolanes > cyclopentanones.N.m.r data are also included as well as the single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of 4-chlorophenyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
Predistorted LINC transmitter (2002)

A LINC transmitter exhibits memoryless amplitude dependent distortion characteristics when gain/phase imbalances are present between the two amplifier branches. Simulation results show that using a complex gain predistorter can correct for the gain/phase imbalances and significantly reduce interference in adjacent channels.
Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp (1992)

Paradigms of AI Programming is the first text to teach advanced Common Lisp techniques in the context of building major AI systems. By reconstructing authentic, complex AI programs using state-of-the-art Common Lisp, the book teaches students and professionals how to build and debug robust practical programs, while demonstrating superior programming style and important AI concepts. The author strongly emphasizes the practical performance issues involved in writing real working programs of significant size. Chapters on troubleshooting and efficiency are included, along with a discussion of th
Parallel excitation in the human brain at 9.4 T counteracting <i>k</i>‐space errors with RF pulse design (2009)

Multidimensional spatially selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses have been proposed as a method to mitigate transmit B1 inhomogeneity in MR experiments. These RF pulses, however, have been considered impractical for many years because they typically require very long RF pulse durations. The recent development of parallel excitation techniques makes it possible to design multidimensional RF pulses that are short enough for use in actual experiments. However, hardware and experimental imperfections can still severely alter the excitation patterns obtained with these accelerated pulses. In this note, we report at 9.4 T on a human eight-channel transmit system, substantial improvements in two-dimensional excitation pattern accuracy obtained when measuring k-space trajectories prior to parallel transmit RF pulse design (acceleration x4). Excitation patterns based on numerical simulations closely reproducing the experimental conditions were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Features of spherical torus plasmas (1985)

The spherical torus is a very small aspect ratio (A < 2) confinement concept obtained by retaining only the indispensable components inboard to the plasma torus. MHD equilibrium calculations show that spherical torus plasmas with safety factor q > 2 are characterized by high toroidal beta (..beta../sub t/ > 0.2), low poloidal beta (..beta../sub p/ < 0.3), naturally large elongation (kappa greater than or equal to 2), large plasma current with I/sub p//(aB/sub t0/) up to about 7 MA/mT, strong paramagnetism (B/sub t//B/sub t0/ > 1.5), and strong plasma helicity (F comparable to THETA). A large near-omnigeneous region is seen at the large-major-radius, bad-curvature region of the plasma in comparison with the conventional tokamaks. These features combine to engender the spherical torus plasma in a unique physics regime which permits compact fusion at low field and modest cost. Because of its strong paramagnetism and helicity, the spherical torus plasma shares some of the desirable features of spheromak and reversed-field pinch (RFP) plasmas, but with tokamak-like confinement and safety factor q. The general class of spherical tori, which includes the spherical tokamak (q > 1), the spherical pinch (1 > q > O), and the spherical RFP (q < O), have magnetic field configurations unique in comparison with conventional tokamaks and RFPs. 22 refs., 12 figs.
Nucleation Kinetics vs Chemical Kinetics in the Initial Formation of Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2009)

The initial formation of semiconductor nanocrystals/nanoclusters, that is, nucleation in the classic literature, was examined both theoretically and experimentally. An experimental method based on determining the initial reaction rate for the formation of nanocrystals/nanoclusters with fixed size and size distribution was developed using InP and CdS nanocrystals/nanoclusters systems, especially the InP one. This experimental strategy relies on the size-dependent absorption spectra of these semiconductor nanoparticles as quantitative probes. The experimental results along with theoretical analysis indicate that the classic nucleation model was unlikely relevant for such crystallization systems, whose bulk crystal solubility in a solution is extremely low. Instead, the formation process was found to match a reaction-controlled kinetics model. The results further imply that understanding of crystallization and development of controlled synthesis of high quality colloidal nanocrystals are both closely related to identifying the molecular mechanism and chemical kinetics.
La estadística del mercado de la vivienda en España: el derecho a la vivienda (2002)

El mercado de la vivienda en Espana ha experimentado un crecimiento continuo en la ultima decada, produciendose una expansion extraordinaria de las segundas residencias. Pero, esta expansion, que ha ido acompanada de un incremento constante de los precios, camina paralela a un desajusteentre la oferta y la demanda real: existen numerosas familias que no pueden acceder a una primera vivienda digna por lo elevado de los precios. El mercado de la vivienda camina a su libre albedrio y sin regular por el Estado, lo que esta provocando que la construccion de nuevas viviendas no se ajuste a las necesidades basicas de los nuevos demandantes de primera residencia, sino a las exigencias de un mercado que ve la vivienda mas como un valor de cambio que de uso.
Metal salt induced synthesis of hybrid metal core–siloxane shell nanoparticles and siloxane nanowires (2010)

We demonstrate a one-step method for synthesizing hybrid siloxane nanowires and metal (gold, silver) core-siloxane shell nanoparticles at room temperature by mixing a metal salt with an octadecylsilane solution. This method avoids the use of pre-synthesized nanoparticles and allows us to tailor the shape of the nanostructures.
Combined Top-Down/Bottom-Up Human Articulated Pose Estimation Using AdaBoost Learning (2010)

In this paper, a novel human articulated pose estimation method based on AdaBoost algorithm is presented. The human articulated pose is estimated by locating major human joint positions. We learn the classifiers on a normalized image for classifying each pixel position into a certain category. Two different kinds of classifiers, bottom-up joint position classifier and top-down skeleton classifier, are combined to achieve final results. HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) feature is used for training both classifiers. Our human pose estimation system consists of three models, human detection, view classification, and pose estimation. The implemented system can automatically estimate human pose of different views. Experiment results are reported to show our proposed method can work on relatively small-size human images without using human silhouettes as a prerequisite, which is very efficient, robust and accurate enough for potential applications in visual surveillance.
Well‐Ordered Thin‐Film Nanopore Arrays Formed Using a Block‐Copolymer Template (2009)

Nanopores in various metallic thin films are defined using self-assembled templates from a sphere-forming block copolymer (see image). This method is versatile and can be used to form antidot arrays in a variety of metals including Ti, Pt, W, Ta, Co, and Ni, and silica, as well as Ni dot arrays.
The pig as a model for the study of obesity and of control of food intake: a review. (1979)

The use of the pig for studies of food intake and obesity is reviewed. Effects of ambient temperature and taste on food intake as well as satiety factors impicating both neural and hormonal mechanisms originating in the gastrointestinal tract are considered; the integration of information in the central nervous system for both internal and external sources is hypothesized. Special concerns of food intake controls in the neonate are discussed, including effects of neonate sweet preference on food intake, gastrointestinal satiety factors, and hypoglycemia as a stimulus for food ingestion.For obesity studies, pigs offer several advantages, including their general physiological similarity to humans, similar fat cell size, and body fat distribution. Lipogenesis, lipolysis, and lipid mobilization are under intensive study in swine and the information obtained may have important application in studies of human obesity. The voluminous literature on metabolic differences between genetically lean versus obese populations of pigs suggests possibilities for application in humans. Greater characterization of differences and similarities between pigs and humans in important metabolic parameters related to regulation of food intake and obesity should facilitate better understanding and control of human obesity.
Nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) II. Holographic reconstruction algorithms and computer implementation (1987)

The basic theory treating steady-state acoustic radiation problems in the nearfield has been presented in several articles on nearfield acoustic holography. In this article, the approximations and assumptions necessary to reduce the infinite and continuous convolution integrals encountered in these problems to a finite and discrete form, suitable for high-speed numerical processing, are illuminated theoretically and tested numerically. To evaluate the convolution integrals two assumptions are made: First, the boundary field may be replaced with a patchwise constant field for reasonably small patches; and, second, the field is negligible outside of a finite region. With these two assumptions, the problem reduces to one of representing the Green’s functions. Six methods of sampling or representing the Green’s functions are developed, and these are compared theoretically and numerically.
Speaker adaptation from a speaker-independent training corpus (2002)

A technique for using the speech of multiple reference speakers as a basis for speaker adaptation in large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition is introduced. In contrast to other methods that use a pooled reference model, this technique normalizes the training speech from multiple reference speakers to a single common feature space before pooling it. The normalized and pooled speech is then treated as if it came from a single reference speaker for training the reference hidden Markov model (HMM). The usual probabilistic spectrum transformation can be applied to the reference HMM to model a new speaker. Preliminary experimental results are reported from applying this approach to over 100 reference speakers from the speaker-independent portion of the DARPA 1000-Word Resource Management Database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noise and the Kelvin method (1991)

The Kelvin probe, used to measure changes in work function (wf), has proved particularly useful as a UHV surface analysis technique, having applications in the study of thin films, adsorption kinetics, surface photovoltage spectroscopy, surface topographies, etc. However the Kelvin circuit is plagued by noise problems, which are considerably enhanced by long connecting wires and the nonideal UHV environment. Careful shielding is essential in order to improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, especially at backing potentials close to the null condition. Although lock-in-amplifier (LIA) based automatic compensation systems are available they operate on low signal levels and are prone to electromagnetic pickup from the driving element and mechanical instabilities of the vibrating capacitor. We discuss the general noise spectrum and describe an alternative ‘‘off-null’’ approach utilizing a data-acquisition-system (DAS) based measuring system that features an active suspension system (ASS), automatic set-up, and software elimination of driver talkover. This system has applications where very high resolution (&lt;0.1 meV) is required, or if low S/N ratios caused by reduced probe dimensions or a high noise background would otherwise prejudice the measurement.
Stormwater Collection Systems Design Handbook (2001)

The significant difference in the incidence of higher grade diarrhea between the morning and evening arms is indirect evidence of the influence of circadian rhythm on the intestinal mucosa of the human intestine. This knowledge may facilitate treating patients with decreased toxicity to the intestinal mucosa.
Uniform textures of smectic liquid-crystal phase formed by bent-core molecules (1998)

Smectic liquid crystals consisting of achiral bent-core molecules may be polar due to asymmetric packing of the molecules. Recently it was proposed that the planes of the molecules are tilted with respect to the smectic layers and the structure is chiral. The ground state is antiferroelectric and the majority of the films are racemic with the same tilt direction in the subsequent layers. Basically the tilt directions are equivalent, and stripes with oppositely tilted molecules exist. In this paper we show that it is possible to suppress the formation of the stripes, and to obtain a uniform texture in thin films. In uniform racemic textures, weak quadratic electro-optical switching can be observed. Voltage dependences of the switching are measured and the switching mechanisms are discussed.
Genome-scale reconstruction of the metabolic network in Staphylococcus aureus N315: an initial draft to the two-dimensional annotation (2005)

iSB619 represents comprehensive biochemically and genetically structured information about the metabolism of S. aureus to date. The reconstructed metabolic network can be used to predict cellular phenotypes and thus advance our understanding of a troublesome pathogen.
Composition Determination of Single Fluid Inclusions in Salt Minerals by Laser Ablation ICP-MS (2013)

The chemistry of primary fluid inclusions in salt minerals can be well used to study brine composition change and environment evolution of the salt lake.In this study,artificial fluid inclusions in quartz microcapillary tubes were used as calibration samples.An initial analytical processes of composition determination of single fluid inclusions in salt minerals was established by laser ablation ICP-MS,and the calibration curves of the eight common elements(K,Ca,Mg,Sr,Rb,B,Li,Br) in salt mineral inclusions were obtained.The correlative coefficient R2 of the calibration curves were over 0.9991,and the relative standard deviations were 0.13%-6.2% for K,Ca,Mg,Sr,Rb,Li.While R2 of the calibration curves was 0.9910 and 0.9618 for B and Br respectively,the relative standard deviations were 4.1%-29.6%.The results indicated that the analytical method using LA-ICP-MS for the determination of the multi-element component in salt mineral fluid inclusions is feasible and accurate.This method has advantages of simplicity,speediness,high sensitivity,etc.It is suitable for the composition determination of single fluid inclusions in halite and gypsum in Nop Nur.
Optimal water-filling algorithms for a Gaussian multiaccess channel with intersymbol interference (2002)

This paper presents two novel and efficient water-filling algorithms for a two-user Gaussian multiaccess channel with intersymbol interference. These algorithms efficiently compute the optimal transmit power spectral density (PSD) for each user and obtain the capacity region of the channel. One algorithm is developed for the special case where two users have the same priorities and is more efficient than prior work. Another algorithm is designed for the first time to compute the general case where two users have different priorities. Both algorithms use a binary search technique and each has a computational complexity of O(NlogN) where N is the number of subcarriers.
Peroxide crosslinking of LLDPE during reactive extrusion (1989)

Abstract An experimental study of the free‐radical‐induced crosslinking of linear‐low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) in the melt phase has been carried out. Experiments have been performed both in a single‐screw plasticating extruder and in an extrusion plastometer using a peroxide as the free‐radical source. Concentration of the peroxide was in the range of 0.005–0.08 wt % for rheological investigation and was extended to 5 wt % for gel content examination. Results in the form of melt flow index (MFI) values, viscosity curves, extrudate swell, and gel content of the produced resins are presented here.