gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Absorption of Dipeptides Containing Glycine, Phenylalanine, Proline, β-Alanine or Histidine in the Rat (1973)

1. The intestinal absorption of carnosine, glycylglycine, glycyl-d-phenylalanine, glycyl-l-phenylalanine, glycyl-l-proline and l-prolylglycine were investigated after intraluminal injection of dipeptide into anaesthetized rats. 2. With all six dipeptides, the intact substance was detected by ion-exchange chromatography in blood samples taken from the superior mesenteric vein. 3. The rate of hydrolysis of the dipeptides in tissue homogenates was measured in vitro. 4. The relative rates of hydrolysis varied by a factor of 300; there was an apparent inverse relationship between rate of hydrolysis and detection of intact peptide. 5. Peptide absorption was accompanied by increases in venous concentrations of the component amino acids, which appeared in proportions appropriate to the view that peptide absorption preceded hydrolysis. 6. It is suggested that slowly hydrolysed dipeptides may pass intact through the intestine wall under physiological conditions.
Performance and complexity of block turbo decoder circuits (2002)

This paper presents the latest results on block turbo codes and also an analysis of the possible implementations of a block turbo decoder circuit. Simulation results show that the SNR (signal to noise ratio) required to achieve a BER (Bit Error Rate) of 10/sup -5/ with block turbo codes is 2.5/spl plusmn/0.2 dB from their Shannon limit for any code rate. We have identified three different solutions for implementing the block turbo decoder circuit. After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the different solutions, we give the results of the degradation of the performance of the block turbo decoder circuit due to data quantization. Finally, in our conclusion, we discuss how to reduce the complexity of the algorithm for its implementation.
Near-Infrared Solid-State Emitters Based on Isophorone: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties. (2010)

A series of near-infrared solid-state emitters based on the dicyanoisophorone electron acceptor group was synthesized. The solid-state spectroscopic properties were studied by UV−visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy and analyzed in light of the single crystal structures obtained by X-ray diffraction. This series of push−pull dipolar fluorophores differing only by the substituent groups on the donor end display interesting solid-state emission properties on crystal with an emission in the near-infrared ranging from 710 to 790 nm. The origin of the emission depends on the nature of the substituent groups that influence the crystal packing and trigger the formation of long chain of emitting aggregates.
Reflux Revisited: Advancing the Role of Pepsin (2011)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is mediated principally by acid. Today, we recognise reflux reaches beyond the esophagus, where pepsin, not acid, causes damage. Extraesophageal reflux occurs both as liquid and probably aerosol, the latter with a further reach. Pepsin is stable up to pH 7 and regains activity after reacidification. The enzyme adheres to laryngeal cells, depletes its defences, and causes further damage internally after its endocytosis. Extraesophageal reflux can today be detected by recognising pharyngeal acidification using a miniaturised pH probe and by the identification of pepsin in saliva and in exhaled breath condensate by a rapid, sensitive, and specific immunoassay. Proton pump inhibitors do not help the majority with extraesophageal reflux but specifically formulated alginates, which sieve pepsin, give benefit. These new insights may lead to the development of novel drugs that dramatically reduce pepsinogen secretion, block the effects of adherent pepsin, and give corresponding clinical benefit."For now we see through a glass, darkly."-First epistle, Chapter 13, Corinthians.
Vemurafenib for Melanoma Metastases to the Brain (2011)

A 16-year-old girl had melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation that metastasized to the brain. The response to vemurafenib was dramatic, and the patient continues to improve 6 months after starting therapy.
Sources of variance in bite count (2012)

The obesity epidemic affects millions of individuals worldwide. New tools that simplify efforts to self-monitor energy intake may enable successful weight loss and weight maintenance. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of the number of bites recorded by the bite counter device during daily meals in natural, real world settings. Participants (N = 83) used bite counters to record daily meals for two weeks. Participants also recorded their daily dietary intake using automated, computer-based 24-hour recalls. Predictors of bite count were explored at the meal-level and individual-level using multilevel linear modeling. A positive relationship between kilocalories and bites was moderated by energy density such that participants took more bites to consume greater kilocalorie meals when energy density was low than when energy density was high. The positive relationship between kilocalories and bites was also moderated by participants' average bite size during a laboratory meal such that participants with smaller bite sizes took more bites to consume greater kilocalorie meals than participants with larger bites sizes. Participants also took more bites when they ate meals with others and when they ate meals outside of the home, although this meal location effect was not reliably produced across models. Practical implications of these results for future bite counter development and research are discussed.
High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive carcinoma following the report of three negative Papanicolaou smears: screening failures or rapid progression? (1992)

The cytologic smears and histopathologic specimens of 18 patients developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) and two developing invasive squamous carcinoma following the report of at least three negative Papanicolaou tests were studied. A median number of 9.5 smears per patient procured over a median interval of 93.5 mo were reviewed. Twenty-eight (22.7%) of 123 reportedly negative smears revealed a squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), 17 (13.8%) were unsatisfactory, 14 (11.4%) lacked an endocervical component, and 37 (30.1%) were classified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASQUS) on reexamination. Fourteen (50%) of 28 smears originally misclassified as negative contained fewer than 100 SIL cells and five (17.8%) were severely inflamed. One patient whose smears were misclassified as negative had an atrophic cervix, one had SIL cells primarily in thick sheets, and two had small CIN3 cells resembling squamous metaplasia. Six patients (30%) had a single false negative smear, seven (35%) had multiple false negative smears, seven (35%) had two or more unsatisfactory smears reported as negative, seven had at least two smears lacking an endocervical component, and six had at least two smears taken during pregnancy. Thirteen patients had abnormal smears classified as ASQUS or high-grade SIL (HSIL) but never had a specimen showing only a low-grade SIL (LSIL). This study demonstrates that early signs of SIL may be difficult to recognize cytologically and that poor quality specimens and inadequate sampling may contribute to false negative diagnoses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of Adhesive Properties of Five Different Prosthetic Materials Used in Hernioplasty (2005)

This experimental study was designed to assess and to compare intra-abdominal adhesions following the use of five commercially available prosthetic mesh grafts in the repair if abdominal wall defects. Sixty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). A 2 x 1 cm defect at abdominal wall was created and defects were closed either primarily or with one of the following prosthetic mesh grafts: monofilament polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose-coated polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglactin 910 composite, or resorbable hydrophilic collagen-coated multifiber polyester. The severity of adhesions was graded, tensile strengths of adhesions were measured, and histopathological grades of inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated. Polypropylene mesh resulted in more adhesion formation in comparison to primary repair and other grafts used in this study, except polypropylene/polyglactin 910 composite mesh. In addition, the highest tensile strength of omental adhesions was detected in the polypropylene group (chi2 = 26.249; p = .0001). Polyester composite mesh caused the least adhesion formation among the groups. Sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose-coated polypropylene and polyester composite meshes revealed the highest fibrosis scores (chi2 = 50.776; p = .0001). The highest inflammatory activity was detected in the polytetrafluoroethylene mesh group (chi2 = 16.564; p = .005). Thus, sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose-coated polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene meshes following polyester composite mesh were the minimal adhesion-forming grafts in this study. Disadvantages of the polytetrafluoroethylene mesh were lower fibrotic activity and higher inflammatory reaction to the graft.
Experimental Wave Tank Test for Reference Model 3 Floating-Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter Project (2015)

The U.S. Department of Energy established a reference model project to benchmark a set of marine and hydrokinetic technologies including current (tidal, open-ocean, and river) turbines and wave energy converters. The objectives of the project were to first evaluate the status of these technologies and their readiness for commercial applications. Second, to evaluate the potential cost of energy and identify cost-reduction pathways and areas where additional research could be best applied to accelerate technology development to market readiness.
A Robust Statistical Scheme to Monitor Transient Phenomenon in Sensor Networks (2007)

Wireless sensor networks have been deployed for various critical monitoring applications in hostile environments such as monitoring the concentration levels of hazardous gas species in a battle field. Due to the sensitivity of such applications, it becomes mandatory to record the transient variations in the phenomenon, and take corrective actions, if necessary. At the same time it is important to shield the network from false data injection by adversaries who intend to disrupt the functioning of the system. While many schemes exist to prevent false data injection, they are counterproductive to preserving the transient observations. We devise a robust statistical scheme to monitor transient phenomenon while being immune to false data injection attacks. The key idea of our scheme is to require each sensor node to report a statistical digest of recent sensed readings in addition to the current reading; then inter-sensor statistical tests are designed and utilized to help preserve transient data while restricting the impact of false data injection significantly. Detailed theoretical analysis and in-depth simulations are presented to corroborate our scheme.
Effect of phase transition on the kinetics of dye transport in phospholipid bilayer structures (1975)

Binding of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate to dimyristoyl-L-alpha-lecithin bilayers enhances the fluorescence quantum yield of the dye molecule by 100-fold. By following the generation of fluorescence after a rapid mixing in a stopped-flow apparatus (mixing time 2 msec), kinetics of the binding of the fluorescence probe to the phospholipid vesicles has been investigated in the temperature range where the crystal-liquid crystal phase transition of the bilayer structures occurs. No reactions depending on the dye or the vesicle concentrations were detected. This suggests that the initial adsorption of the dye was very rapid. Two kinetic phases which appear in the 50 msec and the second time ranges are unimolecular. The faster one has a small amplitude and is observable in the entire temperature range studied. In the phase transition region the slower reaction becomes the major kinetic phase. It also increases the apparent concentration of bound dye by a factor of 2. These observations suggest that the 50-msec reaction has detected a reorientation of the probe molecule after the initial binding, and that the slow reaction represents a transport of the dye molecule into the inner layer of the lipid vesicle. The transport reaction is extremely temperature sensitive and exhibits a maximum rate at the midpoint of the bilayer phase transition (Tm = 24.1 degrees). the Arrhenius plot of the transport reaction shows a maximum at the Tm. the same temperature dependence was also observed for the bromothymol blue transport reaction. However, no such effects were detected for less amphiphilic molecules such as tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and pyrene. In the latter systems only a slight bending of the Arrhenius plots were seen at the phase transition temperature. Since the kinetics of the transport of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate is sensitive to the physical state of the phospholipid bilayers this reaction may be used for probing membrane structures.
Thermal resistance measurement of glazing system edge-seals and seal materials using a guarded heater plate apparatus (1989)

© 1989 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Transactions, Volume 95, Part 2. For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
Barium Ion Exchange of the Synthetic Zeolite Linde 4-A (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBarium Ion Exchange of the Synthetic Zeolite Linde 4-AHoward S. SherryCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 4, 1332–1334Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100876a513https://doi.org/10.1021/j100876a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The autistic brain: birth through adulthood (2004)

A new neurobiological phenomenon in autism has been described that precedes the onset of clinical behavioral symptoms, and is brief and age-delimited to the first two years of life. The neurobiological defects that precede, trigger, and underlie it may form part of the developmental precursors of some of the anatomical, functional, and behavioral manifestations of autism. Future studies of the first years of life may help elucidate the factors and processes that bring about the unfolding of autistic behavior.
A Pipelay/Derrick Barge Designed for Rough Seas (1976)

ABSTRACT SEMAC I, a large semisubmersible pipelay/ derrick barge designed specifically for use in rough-sea areas, is now under construction and scheduled for completion in 1976. The barge will be capable of installing large diameter pipelines in water depths exceeding 1200 ft. Modifications can be made to the barge for installing pipelines in even greater water depths when the need arises. This paper describes the barge and discusses reasoning behind selection of the hull and equipment on it. INTRODUCTION The need for new and improved offshore pipe1aying equipment has grown rapidly in the past few years because of oil and gas discoveries being made in deeper and rougher water. Most of this recent activity has been in the North Sea, particularly the northern area of the North Sea. Many miles of pipelines will be installed in water depths greater than 400 feet, which is approaching the capability limits of most conventional equipment. SEMAC I will be a major addition to the improved and advanced equipment (Reference 1 and 2) now available in the offshore contracting industry. This equipment is needed for the northern North Sea and for other areas of the world with comparable conditions where discoveries of new oil and gas fields are expected to be made. In addition, discoveries are likely in water depths greatly exceeding 1000 feet where pipelines would be required. Therefore, SEMAC I was designed to initially operate effectively in northern North Sea type water depths and sea conditions; however, the barge has built-in features to allow it to be modified at moderate cost to install pipelines in the very deep water. In addition to meeting the water depth lay capability, the primary objective was to achieve reliability of operation in rough seas. This objective has been the controlling factor in selection of vessel type, pipelay equipment, mechanical and electrical systems, and the stinger. DESCRIPTION OF BARGE SEMAC I utilizes the well-known semisubmersible concept (Figure 1), which provides a motion-reduced mobile platform to conduct operations in the design sea state of l5-ft. significant waves. The twin-pontoon variable draft feature also allows the barge to elevate all exposed deck machinery and other facilities well above the wave crests in the most severe seas without "running for shelter". The large size (433 ft. long overall by 180 ft. wide by 91 ft. deep) provides adequate work and storage space and contributes to its reduced on and increased stability. The goal of the SEMAC I design was to have the smallest barge that could effectively operate in 15 ft. significant seas, yet have the desired motion characteristics, deck capacity, and productivity required. A small vessel is desired because of its lower initial cost and fewer problems associated with operations, such as station keeping. Minimizing station-keeping forces by having a moderate-size barge becomes even more important in deep water where dynamic positioning will be required.
Preparation of gelatin-N-vinylpyrrolidone graft copolymer (1998)

The graft copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) onto gelatin was carried out by the following four different initiator systems: AIBN, K2S2O8, H2O2—Fe2+, and Ce4+—HNO3. The last one caused the monomer to lose the double-bond and polymerization ability due to the hydrolysis of the monomer. Using α,α-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, the graft copolymerization of gelatin and N-vinylpyrrolidone in aqueous medium was studied systematically. The relationships between the rate of grafting and the concentration of initiator, monomer, and gelatin were established experimentally. Meanwhile, the rate equation was also derived from the proposed reaction mechanism, and it was similar to the equation previously obtained experimentally. The apparent activation energies for homopolymerization (Eh), graft copolymerization (Eg), and over all polymerization (Ep) were calculated. The graft efficiency and molecular weight of the grafted PVP were measured by hydrolyzing the backbone with hydrochloric acid. The graft copolymers Gel-g-PVP were added into the coating films, and the physical properties of the films, such as hardening ability, dimensional stability, and wetting property were investigated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1485–1492, 1998
Segmentation of the Clustered Cells with Optimized Boundary Detection in Negative Phase Contrast Images (2015)

Cell image segmentation plays a central role in numerous biology studies and clinical applications. As a result, the development of cell image segmentation algorithms with high robustness and accuracy is attracting more and more attention. In this study, an automated cell image segmentation algorithm is developed to get improved cell image segmentation with respect to cell boundary detection and segmentation of the clustered cells for all cells in the field of view in negative phase contrast images. A new method which combines the thresholding method and edge based active contour method was proposed to optimize cell boundary detection. In order to segment clustered cells, the geographic peaks of cell light intensity were utilized to detect numbers and locations of the clustered cells. In this paper, the working principles of the algorithms are described. The influence of parameters in cell boundary detection and the selection of the threshold value on the final segmentation results are investigated. At last, the proposed algorithm is applied to the negative phase contrast images from different experiments. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated. Results show that the proposed method can achieve optimized cell boundary detection and highly accurate segmentation for clustered cells.
Exogenously Applied Abscisic Acid Did NotConsistently Delay Budburst of DeacclimatingGrapevines (2006)

An experimental formulation of abscisic acid (ABA; Valent Biosciences VBC-30025) was evaluated for potential to delay budburst of Vitis viniferaL. winegrapes. Five experiments were conducted during 2004 and 2005 on dormant grapevine cuttings, container-grown vines, and field-grown vines to evaluate rates and/or timing of ABA applications. Two application methods were tested – spray application to buds or soil application. Spray application of ABA solutions to unopened buds increased the number of days to budburst by 3.5 days in one of four laboratory trials on single-bud cuttings, and delayed budburst by one day in established field-grown vines in one of two years. Further study to enhance the efficacy of ABA spray applications should examine materials or methods to improve penetration of ABA through bud scales. Soil applications of ABA to container-grown vines provided the greatest delay in budburst (up to 7 days) and gave the most consistent response. Soil application of ABA to established field-grown vines, however, produced no response and this may not be a practical or economical application method for commercial vineyards.
Chemistry of Succinimido Esters. IV. (1987)

A facile preparation of N-succinimidyl carboxylates (N-succinimidyl esters of fatty, substituted benzoic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids) using N, N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) was developed. The reactions of the acids with DSC in the presence of pyridine in acetonitrile gave the corresponding esters in good yield. N-Hydroxysuccinimide formed during a reaction and pyridine could be easily removed by treatment with water. No by-products, of course, could be detected by HPLC and TLC analyses. The present method has advantages of high yields and purities of the desired esters, and of convinience for preparation of the N-succinimidyl esters, compared with the method using N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). The structures of the resulting esters were determinded by mass spectrometry.
Stable Isotopes as Tracers in Clinical Research (1989)

The increased availability of an extensive range of stable isotope-labelled substrates and their ever decreasing cost, as well as the availability of sensitive analytical instruments, suggests that stable isotopes will increasingly be employed in all branches of medical research. It seems likely that within the near future they will totally replace radioactive isotopes in quantitative metabolic studies involving human subjects.