gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The antibacterial potentials of Nauclea latifolia (2008)

Herbal medicine is readily available in diverse African vegetation with the potentials of introducing new templates into medicine worldwide. Evaluating plants from the traditional African system of medicine provides us with clues on how these plants can be used in the treatment of diseases. In vitro effect of Nauclea latifolia extract in hot water, cold water, petroleum ether and chloroform at concentrations of 200, 150, 100, 50% were tested on some pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using agar diffusion punch hole method, both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves and roots showed appreciable inhibitory effect when compared to the positive control on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa while S. typhi and E. coli were resistant to the extracts. Using serial doubling dilution, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The minimum bacteria concentration was determined by plating various dilutions of the extracts without turbidity. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of N. latifolia showed inhibitory and bactericidal activity on the test organisms. The alcoholic extracts showed larger zone of inhibition on the test organisms. The alcohol leaf extracts showed a higher percentage of growth inhibition when compared to the positive control. The MIC ranges from 6.25 – 150 mg/ml on S. aureus and 12.5 – 150 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa. The MBC ranges from 100 – 150 mg/ml. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, resins, alkaloids, and carbohydrate.
Reliability of Quantitative Muscle Testing in Healthy Children and in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using a Hand-held Dynamometer (1988)

The purpose of this study was to examine intratester and test-retest reliability using a hand-held dynamometer for the measurement of isometric muscle strength in 28 healthy children and children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The Dystrophic Group consisted of 14 children diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and the Healthy Group consisted of 14 age-matched children with no history of orthopedic or neuromuscular disorders. One physical therapist tested hip and knee extension, elbow flexion, and shoulder abduction in each child bilaterally. A two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to analyze differences between measurements taken within and across the testing sessions. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were determined on mean values across the testing sessions for each variable. No significant differences (p greater than .05) between measurements taken within or across testing sessions were found in either the Dystrophic Group or the Healthy Group. Correlation coefficients for the Dystrophic Group ranged from .83 to .99 for the variables tested. Correlation coefficients for the Healthy Group ranged from .74 to .99. The results suggest that the hand-held dynamometer can be used as a reliable instrument in measuring the isometric strength of selected muscles in children.
Synergistic Effect of IL-6 and IL-4 in Driving Fate Revision of Natural Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells (2010)

Expression of forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 defines a distinct lineage of naturally arising regulatory T cells (nTregs) that is segregated from effector CD4(+) T cells during early development in the thymus. It remains elusive whether nTregs can convert into effector cells by turning off their Foxp3 expression and, if so, whether Th17 is a default alternative fate choice. In this report we provide compelling evidence showing that effector T cell-polarizing cytokines IL-6 and IL-4 can act synergistically to induce marked downregulation and inactivation of Foxp3 gene expression in mouse nTregs, and consequently the loss of suppressor phenotype and functions. However, the resulting Foxp3(-) cells are not polarized and do not express IL-17 or other Th17-associated genes. Therefore, nTreg fate revision is not restricted to the Treg-Th17 axis and is likely to represent a rather broad phenomenon with divergent outcomes.
Three‐dimensional particle simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection (2002)

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) particle simulations are performed in a double current layer configuration to investigate the stability of current sheets and boundary layers which develop during magnetic reconnection of antiparallel fields in collisionless plasma. The strong current layers that develop near the x line remain surprisingly laminar, with no evidence of turbulence and associated anomalous resistivity or viscosity. Neither the electron shear flow instabilities nor kink‐like instabilities, which have been observed in these current layers in earlier simulations, are present. The sharp boundary layers which form between the inflow and outflow regions downstream of the x line are unstable to the lower hybrid drift instability. The associated fluctuations, however, do not strongly impact the rate of reconnection. As a consequence, magnetic reconnection in the 3‐D system remains nearly two dimensional.
Characterizations of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles within Faujasite Zeolites and the Formation of Metallic Cobalt (2004)

Cobalt oxide (CoOx) particles within faujasite zeolites have been synthesized by a procedure comprising (i) ion-exchange of cobalt ions into the zeolite, (ii) precipitation of cobalt ions with sodium hydroxide within the supercages of the zeolite, and (iii) calcination. The materials are characterized by XRD, nitrogen sorption, XPS, TEM-EDS, H2-TPR, and O2-titration. The concentration of sodium hydroxide for precipitation and the temperature for calcination are found to be critical in controlling the locations of the CoOx particles. With appropriate conditions, the CoOx particles formed are located and encapsulated in the supercages of faujasite zeolites. The sizes of the CoOx particles are in the range of 0.7−3 nm with a maximum distribution of 1.3−1.5 nm. These particles exist mainly in the state of CoO. On the other hand, higher calcination temperature or higher concentration of sodium hydroxide may lead to the formation of larger Co3O4 particles located outside the supercages of the faujasite zeolites. The CoOx particles encapsulated in the supercages exhibit a broad reduction peak and can be partly reduced to metallic cobalt at temperatures as low as 573 K, while the cobalt cations exchanged into the zeolites can only be reduced at temperatures higher than 773 K. The metallic cobalt formed by the reduction of cobalt oxide within the supercage exhibits superior catalytic activity in Fischer−Tropsch synthesis.
Adaptive database buffer allocation using query feedback (1993)

In this paper, we propose the concept of using query execution feedback for improving database buffer management. A query feedback model which adaptively quantifies the page fault characteristics of all query access patterns including sequential, looping and most importantly random, is defined. Based on this model, a load control and a marginal gain ratio buffer allocation scheme are developed. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method is consistently better than the previous methods and in most cases, it significantly outperforms all other methods for random access reference patterns.
Oxidation states of Co and Fe in Ba1−xSrxCo1−yFeyO3−δ (x, y = 0.2–0.8) and oxygen desorption in the temperature range 300–1273 K (2009)

Four compositions of Ba(1-x)Sr(x)Co(1-y)Fe(y)O(3-delta) were studied for phase, oxygen uptake-release, and transition metal (TM) oxidation states after solid state processing and with in situ heating from 300 to 1273 K in air. X-Ray diffraction showed that all compositions except one had the cubic perovskite structure at all temperatures; that with x, y = 0.2 was a mixture as prepared, becoming predominantly cubic at high temperature. Thermogravimetry showed a reversible oxygen absorption-desorption of approximately +/-1% from 700 to 1273 K. X-Ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy showed a majority TM(3+) valence, with at most 40% TM(4+). Up to a temperature of 1073 K, the TM(4+) was reduced to TM(3+). Further heating of the composition with x, y = 0.2 to 1233 K resulted in the reduction of Co(3+) to Co(2+). Results from room temperature measurements confirm the thermally activated carrier hopping mechanism with charge fluctuations, while the high temperature delocalized carrier conductivity occurs with a small amount of TM reduction and without phase change for the initially cubic samples.
Microstructure of Whey Protein Isolate Gels Containing Emulsified Butterfat Droplets (1992)

ABSTRACT The effects of concentration and droplet size of anhydrous butterfat globules on the microstructure of heat‐induced whey protein isolate gels (pH 4.60) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All fat globules were emulsified with whey protein isolate and incorporated into the system prior to gelation. Protein aggregates became more closely packed as whey protein concentration was increased from 8 to 15% by weight in gels without added fat. There was no notable change in overall gel microstructure upon addition of fat globules, up to 25% by weight, when viewed by scanning electron microscopy. However, it appeared fat globules were intimately associated with the gel protein matrix. A twofold difference in fat globule size was obvious by TEM. Clusters of droplets became more predominant as butterfat content increased.
An imaging spectrometer employing tunable hyperchromatic microlenses (2015)

We present the design, fabrication and characterization of hydraulically-tunable hyperchromatic lenses for two-dimensional (2D) spectrally-resolved spectral imaging. These hyperchromatic lenses, consisting of a positive diffractive lens and a tunable concave lens, are designed to have a large longitudinal chromatic dispersion and thus axially separate the images of different wavelengths from each other. 2D objects of different wavelengths can consequently be imaged using the tunability of the lens system. Two hyperchromatic lens concepts are demonstrated and their spectral characteristics as well as their functionality in spectral imaging applications are shown.
Enantiomorphic normalization of focally lesioned brains (2007)

In order to make spatial inferences about the brain across a group of patients, it is usually necessary to employ some means of bringing each brain image into register with either a group mean image or a standard template. In the presence of focal brain lesions, automated methods for performing such so-called normalization are liable to distortion from the abnormal signal within the lesion, especially when the non-linear warping necessary for maximum registration fidelity is used. The most frequently used method for minimizing this distortion--cost function masking--simply eliminates the lesioned area when deriving the normalization parameters. As lesion size increases, however, the normalization error may be expected to rise steeply since the volume of brain from which the parameters are derived falls with it. Here we propose an alternative non-linear registration method that exploits a natural redundancy in the brain--the enantiomorphic relation between the two hemispheres--to correct the signal within the lesion using information from the undamaged homologous region within the contralesional hemisphere. As lesion size increases, the normalization error should theoretically asymptote to inter-hemispheric differences, which are both quantifiable and much lower than the inter-subject difference. Using SPM's non-linear normalization routines, we evaluate this technique with images of normal brains to which lesions selected from a large dataset have been artificially applied. Our results show the enantiomorphic method to be vastly superior to cost function masking across subjects, lesion characteristics, and brain voxels. We therefore propose that it should be the method of choice for normalizing images of focally lesioned brains.
Impact of Network Delay Variation on Multicast Session Performance With TCP-like Congestion Control. (2000)

Projet MCR
Second‐Year Follow‐up Evaluation of Live, Attenuated Human Rotavirus Vaccine 89‐12 in Healthy Infants (2002)

Rotavirus vaccine development is a high priority. The association between the tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine and intussusception has increased the need to develop new vaccines. In a small efficacy trial, the human rotavirus vaccine 89-12 recently has been shown to be safe and effective; 184 of the 215 healthy infants initially enrolled in this trial were followed for a second year. Vaccine efficacy during the second year was 59% (P=.047). For the 2 years of observation, vaccine efficacy was 76% against rotavirus gastroenteritis, 83% against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, and 100% against rotavirus illnesses requiring medical intervention (P<.001 for each). These encouraging results have led to continued evaluation, in several countries, of a vaccine candidate derived from strain 89-12.
Interspecies‐specific Ovarian Autoantigens Involved in Neonatal Thymectomy‐induced Murine Autoimmune Oophoritis (1993)

By antibody affinity chromatography, two kinds of autoantigens were identified. SDS-PAGE, under reduced or nonreduced conditions, revealed an 80/85 kDa protein for T2.2, and an 82 kDa for S1.6, respectively.
Antibodies for fluorescent molecular rotors (1993)

We have prepared monoclonal antibodies for the fluorescent molecular rotors 9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine (CCVJ) and 9-(dicyanovinyl)julolidine (DCVJ). Mouse monoclonal antibody (IgG2b) prepared against CCVJ-conjugated bovine serum albumin strongly bound CCVJ and DCVJ. The CCVJ (or DCVJ) binding to IgG and Fab was accompanied by a drastic increase in fluorescence quantum yield, suggesting the restriction of intramolecular rotational relaxation about the donor-acceptor bond of the fluorophores. Nonspecific IgG never changed the quantum yield of the fluorophores. From the Scatchard plots, the association constants of CCVJ to IgG and Fab were 6.8 x 10(7) and 5.4 x 10(7) M-1, respectively, and the numbers of moles of CCVJ bound per mole of IgG and Fab were calculated to be 2.0 (+/- 0.1) and 1.0 (+/- 0.05), respectively. The fluorescence spectra of the IgG-bound CCVJ were quite similar to those of Fab-bound CCVJ. The fluorescence lifetimes of the IgG-bound and Fab-bound CCVJ were 388 and 383 ps at 25 degrees C, respectively. They were 6.3 times as long as the fluorescence lifetime of CCVJ free in solution (62 ps). These results indicated that the drastic increases in quantum yields were due to the decreases of the nonradiative rate constants of the antibody-bound CCVJ, as well as due to the changes of the intrinsic radiative rate constant, and that the nonradiative internal rotations about the donor-acceptor bond of CCVJ were not dependent on the size of the bound antibody molecules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An implementation study of the AODV routing protocol (2002)

The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is designed for use in ad hoc mobile networks. Because of the difficulty of testing an ad hoc routing protocol in a real-world environment, a simulation was first created so that the protocol design could be tested in a variety of scenarios. Once simulation of the protocol was nearly complete, the simulation was used as the basis for an implementation in the Linux operating system. In the course of converting the simulation into an implementation, certain modifications were needed in AODV and the Linux kernel due to both simplifications made in the simulation of AODV and to incompatibilities of the Linux kernel and the IP-layer to routing in a mobile environment. This paper details many of the changes that were necessary during the development of the implementation.
Application of Inlet Injection to a Three-Dimensional Scramjet at Mach 8 (2010)

An investigation of inlet injection in a scramjet having a three-dimensional inlet and an elliptical combustion was undertaken. Experiments were conducted using a test flow simulating a Mach 8.1 flight condition with an altitude of 32 km. The objective was to determine the feasibility of reducing the combustion-chamber length by injection of hydrogen fuel in the inlet. The study involved a self-starting three-dimensional inlet with an overall geometric contraction ratio of 5.80, of which 2.08 was internal. The fuel was injected through multiple portholes in the forward portion of the inlet to allow significant mixing upstream of the combustion chamber. The divergent elliptical combustion chamber had a length sized for fuel ignition and combustion only and used a fluid-dynamic ignition scheme requiring no physical obstructions to the flowpath. Results indicated that inlet injection produced robust combustion at good combustion efficiency over a large fueling range up to an equivalence ratio of 0.92. A further key result was that no evidence of combustion was observed in the inlet. These experiments suggest that fuel injection in the inlet is a promising concept for higher-speed scramjet applications.
ChemInform Abstract: METATHESIS OF LOW‐MOLECULAR‐WEIGHT UNSATURATED ACID ESTERS (1978)

Abstract Ungesättigte Ester, wie z.B. (I), unterliegen in Gegenwart des Katalysatorsystems WC16/Me4Sn der Selbst‐metathese und der Co‐metathese mit symm. Alkenen, sofern Doppelbindung und Estergruppe durch mindestens eine CHfGruppe getrennt sind (n 1): So entstehen durch Selbst‐metathese die Produkte (II) und (III) und durch Co‐metathese mit Hex‐3‐en die Produkte (IV) und (V) bzw. (VI) und (VII).
Xina: la llarga marxa de la desmaoïtzació: manifestacions d'estudiants a diverses ciutats xineses (1986)

Xina: La llarga marxa de la desmaoitzaci Manifestacions d'estudiants a diverses ciutats xinesesDes de primers de desembre, ms de cent-mil persones, majoritariai?zentestudiants, s'han manifestat a disset ciutats xineses reclamant l'establirnent de llibertats democratiques i de premsa.Aquestes manifestacions, sense organitzacions ni lders coneguts, constitueixen els moviments espontanis ms multitudinaris dels dawers deu anys al pas.Els observadors hi veuen u n recolzament a la poltica de reformes inspirada per l'
Effect of Human Corneal Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-derived Exosomes on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing (2018)

Human cMSC exosomes can accelerate corneal epithelial wound healing, and thus, may provide a therapeutic approach for ocular surface injuries.
With microscope and tweezers: an analysis of the Internet virus of November 1988 (2003)

In early November 1988 the Internet, a collection of networks consisting of 60,000 host computers implementing the TCP/IP protocol suite, was attacked by a virus, a program which broke into computers on the network and which spread from one machine to another. The authors present a detailed analysis of the virus program. The describe the lessons that this incident has taught the Internet community and topics for future consideration and resolution. A detailed routine-by-routine description of the virus program, including the contents of its built-in dictionary is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction to Adorno's "On Jazz" (2013)

Much has been made in recent years of Theodor Adorno's supposed ''prejudice'4 vis-a-vis products of American mass culture. On Jazz, which appeared in 1936, 2 is essay to which critics most often allude when they want to provide what they believe to be blatantly incriminating evidence for this prejudice. Even some of Adorno's admirers have felt compelled to apologize for On Jazz. The accusations are made with varying degrees of severity: Eugene Lunn, for example, condemns piece as being hopelessly blurred by an ethnocentric provincialism,3 while Miriam Hansen, in an astute and otherwise balanced introduction to Adorno's later essay, Transparencies on Film, makes a more disturbing reference to the issue of racism implicit in Adorno's writings on jazz.4 And then there are legions of recent and not so recent cultural critics who have quite unabashedly embraced a variety of seemingly affirmative acritical (or is it post-critical?) readings of American mass culture, and consequently take delight in condemning Adorno as cranky and quaintly out of date adversary of common cultural phenomena who is presumably too preoccupied with Promethean task of resuscitating moribund corpse of high modernist culture to realize how much fun it would be just to let his hair down and get into groove of supposedly de-centered cultures.5 There is a certain irony in all this sometimes passionate, sometimes merely self-righteous mudslinging, since, as is case in all of Adorno's writings on technical media that were affiliated with Culture Industry, Uber Jazz is not really its purported subject. It is not about jazz as such , but
Indium tilted channel implantation technology for 60 nm nMOSFET (1999)

We have developed a new laterally modulated channel technology that enables complete operation of 60 nm nMOSFETs using a tilted In implantation. This improves short channel immunity over the conventional device using B because of its steeper lateral profile and sufficiently high activation ratio. Using this technology, we realized roll-off free characteristics down to 100 nm with a low enough V/sub th/ of 0.18 V and 0.1 V for 60 nm nMOSFETs. We also show that there are no penalties with use of In from device or reliability points of view.
Multipotent stromal cells from human marrow home to and promote repair of pancreatic islets and renal glomeruli in diabetic NOD/ <i>scid</i> mice (2006)

We tested the hypothesis that multipotent stromal cells from human bone marrow (hMSCs) can provide a potential therapy for human diabetes mellitus. Severe but nonlethal hyperglycemia was produced in NOD/scid mice with daily low doses of streptozotocin on days 1-4, and hMSCs were delivered via intracardiac infusion on days 10 and 17. The hMSCs lowered blood glucose levels in the diabetic mice on day 32 relative to untreated controls (18.34 mM +/- 1.12 SE vs. 27.78 mM +/- 2.45 SE, P = 0.0019). ELISAs demonstrated that blood levels of mouse insulin were higher in the hMSC-treated as compared with untreated diabetic mice, but human insulin was not detected. PCR assays detected human Alu sequences in DNA in pancreas and kidney on day 17 or 32 but not in other tissues, except heart, into which the cells were infused. In the hMSC-treated diabetic mice, there was an increase in pancreatic islets and beta cells producing mouse insulin. Rare islets contained human cells that colabeled for human insulin or PDX-1. Most of the beta cells in the islets were mouse cells that expressed mouse insulin. In kidneys of hMSC-treated diabetic mice, human cells were found in the glomeruli. There was a decrease in mesangial thickening and a decrease in macrophage infiltration. A few of the human cells appeared to differentiate into glomerular endothelial cells. Therefore, the results raised the possibility that hMSCs may be useful in enhancing insulin secretion and perhaps improving the renal lesions that develop in patients with diabetes mellitus.