gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anonymous Authentication and Key-Agreement Schemes in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2014)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been the focus of considerable recent research, allowing vehicles to broadcast messages to other vehicles and inform drivers regarding immediate route changes that can improve driving efficiency or avoid accidents. Because vehicles communicate using wireless channels, malicious attacks may occur during the transmission of messages. To ensure security, the accuracy of received messages must be confirmed and the authenticity of the sender must be verified. However, methods designed to ensure VANET security require improvements. For example, the cost of certificate management and the exposure of certificates are major concerns, and roadside unit (RSU) aided schemes cannot achieve real-time authentication. To solve these problems, anonymous-authentication and key-agreement schemes are proposed based on chameleon hashing and ID-based encryption (IBE), respectively. The proposed schemes feature the following properties. (1) Every vehicle can generate numerous chameleon-hash values to represent itself, and RSU can verify the ownership of these chameleon hash values. (2) Private communication between any two vehicles can be achieved by using IBE. (3) The true identities of vehicles are protected. Moreover, the proposed method fulfills numerous security requirements of the vehicular-communication environment.
Methodology for enumeration of coliphages in foods (1986)

The effects of eluent composition, pH, and chaotropic agents on the recovery of T2, MS2, and indigenous coliphages from various foods were investigated. Additionally, methods of sample suspension and clarification were evaluated for coliphage recovery and application to various foods. Clarified sample suspensions were assayed for coliphages with a modified agar layer technique and appropriate Escherichia coli hosts. Centrifugation and polypropylene mesh filtration were more rapid and effective than glass wool filtration for clarification of sample suspensions and subsequent recovery of coliphages. Blending, stomaching, and shaking procedures were generally comparable for sample liquefaction and release of coliphages from foods. Complex basal eluents, EC medium and 1% casein, were generally more effective than a less complex eluent, phosphate buffer, for elution of coliphages from foods. For most foods, incorporation of sodium chloride or chaotropic agents, i.e., sodium trichloroacetate, urea, Tween 80, Triton X-100, and sodium nitrate, into basal eluents did not enhance recovery of coliphages. Indigenous coliphage recovery was not affected by sample suspension pH over a range of 6.0 to 9.0. With an optimal procedure, i.e., EC medium eluent, blending, and centrifugation, the recovery of T2 and MS2 ranged from 48 to 81% and from 58 to 100%, respectively, depending on the food type.
Influence of differentiation and cell kinetics on the susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to carcinogenesis. (1980)

The susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to carcinogenesis decreases with aging and is nullified by pregnancy and lactation. This work was carried out to determine whether these differences in susceptibility to carcinogenesis are the result of variations in cell kinetics induced by both aging and parity. Cell cycle (Tc) and growth fraction (GF) were studied in the mammary gland epithelium of young virgin, old virgin, and parous Sprague-Dawley rats. For the study of Tc, five young virgin, five old virgin, and five parous rats received while in estrus an i.p. injection of 1.7 muCi [3H] thymidine per g body weight. Mammary gland biopsies were taken at 2-hr intervals for the first 24 hr and every 4 hr thereafter up to 72 hr. GF was determined in two young virgin, two old virgin, and two parous rats in which an osmotic minipump releasing 1 microCi [3H]thymidine per hr was implanted i.p. After 5 days, the animals were killed, and the mammary glands were removed. Mammary gland biopsies and whole glands were fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. Deparaffinized sections were processed for autoradiography. The labeled mitosis wave, labeling index, and GF were determined. The results indicated that, in young virgin rats, mammary gland Tc was 9.9 hr in the most undifferentiated structures (terminal end buds), lengthening to 17.3 hr in terminal ducts (TD) and to 28.2 hr in alveolar buds (AB). In the mammary gland of old virgin rats, Tc was 18.75 hr in terminal ducts in regression, 20.57 hr in TD, and 30.75 hr in AB. In parous rats, mammary gland Tc was 23.9 hr in TD and 49.63 hr in AB. Lengthening of Tc in all of these structures was due to a lengthening of G1, while the duration of the other phases of the cell cycle remained unchanged. GF was 0.55 in terminal end buds of young virgin rats, decreasing to 0.39 and 0.13 in TD and AB, respectively. In terminal ducts in regression of old virgin rats, GF was 0.19, decreasing to 0.054 and 0.030 in TD and AB, respectively. In TD and AB of parous rat, mammary gland GF was 0.009 and 0.004, respectively. These results suggest that the high susceptibility to carcinogenesis that has been demonstrated in young virgin rats is due to the presence of a large proliferative compartment, mainly in terminal end buds and TD, while the low susceptibility of parous animals is due to the formation of a large compartment of nonproliferating cells, and that those cells still proliferating have a longer G1 than do those of young and old virgin rats.
New networks for perfect inversion and perfect reconstruction (1992)

The authors present a new network structure that realizes perfect inversion networks (PINs) and perfect reconstruction networks (PRNs). In some applications, such as transform source coders, it is important that the cascade of the forward and the inverse transform give the identity exactly (perfect inversion), although the coefficients and the intermediate results are quantized. In subband coders, for example, the split and merge filter banks should preferably have perfect reconstruction. It is advantageous if perfect reconstruction can be accomplished even when the coefficients and the intermediate results are quantized. The proposed network has a ladderlike shape and a predescribed symmetry between the forward and inverse network or between the split and merge bank. In some parts of this ladder network almost any function is allowed. Due to the prescribed symmetry, the property of perfect inversion or perfect reconstruction is structurally assured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wasserlösliche Liganden, Metallkomplexe und Komplexkatalysatoren: Synergismen aus Homogen‐ und Heterogenkatalyse (1993)

Abstract Rasche Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Katalyse führen zu einem zunehmenden Bedarf an maßgeschneiderten Katalysatoren. Wasserlösliche Komplexkatalysatoren, neuerdings intensiv erforscht, vereinigen Vorteile der Homogen‐ und Heterogenkatalyse: einfache und vollständige Produkt‐Katalysator‐Trennung, hohe Aktivitäten und hohe Selektivitäten. Aus dem großen Repertoire an wasserlöslichen Liganden lassen sich für viele Reaktionen maßgeschneiderte Katalysatoren entwickeln. Industrielle Anwendungen auf den Gebieten der Hydrierung und Hydroformylierung zeigen schon heute die breiten Einsatzmöglichkeiten dieser Katalysatorklasse. Die Jahresproduktion von 300 000 Tonnen Butyraldehyd auf der Basis wasserlöslicher Rhodiumkomplexe im Ruhrchemie/Rhône‐Poulenc‐Verfahren überzeugt schon jetzt von der technischen Anwendbarkeit des Konzepts der komplexkatalysierten Reaktionen in Zweiphasensystemen. Die effiziente Gestaltung katalytischer Prozesse erfordert zunehmend die verlustfreie Rückführung des Edelmetallkontaktes, was mit Zweiphasensystemen einfach und ökonomisch realisierbar ist. Spezialanwendungen bei biochemischen Problemen eröffnen wasserlöslichen übergangsmetallkomplexen Entwicklungsfelder, die weit über die angestammte Homogenkatalyse hinausweisen. In naher Zukunft wird die Erforschung und Anwendung von Metallkomplexkatalysatoren, die im physiologisch unbedenklichen, billigen und umweltfreundlichen Lösemittel Wasser ihre Wirkung entfalten, zu einem Schwerpunkt der Katalysatorforschung werden.
Activating Autoantibodies against the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Detected in Two Patients with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 (2009)

An important implication of the present results is that although the majority of APS1 patients do not have CaSR-stimulating antibodies, there may be a small but substantial minority of patients in whom the hypoparathyroid state is the result of functional suppression of the parathyroid glands rather than their irreversible destruction.
Fecal MMP-9 (2012)

These results highlight fecal MMP-9 as a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of diarrheic disorders and in the noninvasive evaluation of disease activity and mucosal healing in UC.
Sound Field Analysis with a Two-Dimensional Microphone Array (2006)

Sound field analysis is performed from data recorded by a microphone array in order to extract some spatial information about the sound field. In this article, the assets of the multidimensional Fourier transform are emphasized in order to perform this analysis step. Indeed, the finite number of microphones inevitably introduces spatial aliasing, which is linked to the spectral broadening due to the discrete and finite nature of the analysis window. First, given the geometry of the array, the hypothesis that sound fields satisfies the dispersion relation, obtained from the wave equation, is used to design an optimal analysis window, which minimizes spatial aliasing according to a criterion inspired by prolate spheroidal spectral analysis. Then, several array configurations are compared to analyze sound fields with large frequency bandwidth
Differential Regulation of Methionine Adenosyltransferase in Superantigen and Mitogen Stimulated Human T Lymphocytes (1997)

Superantigens interact with the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) and are, therefore, more physiological stimulators of T lymphocytes than nonspecific polyclonal T cell mitogens. The effects of these two classes of T cell stimulators on methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) levels were investigated. Activation of resting human peripheral blood T lymphocytes by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) caused a 3- to 6-fold increase in MAT II specific activity. Although the proliferative response was higher in cultures stimulated with PHA compared with SEB, MAT II activity was comparable in both cultures. Both stimuli caused down-regulation of the MAT 68-kDa lambda subunit expression and induced a comparable increase in the expression of the catalytic alpha2/alpha2' subunit mRNA and protein. However, in superantigen-stimulated cells, the expression of the noncatalytic beta subunit was down-regulated and virtually disappeared by 72 h post-stimulation; whereas, no change in the expression of this subunit was noted in PHA-stimulated cells. Thus, at 72 h following stimulation, PHA-stimulated cells expressed MAT II alpha2/alpha2' and beta subunits while SEB-stimulated cells expressed the alpha2/alpha2' subunits only; the beta subunit was no longer expressed in superantigen-stimulated cells. Kinetic analysis of MAT II in extracts of PHA- and SEB-stimulated cells using reciprocal kinetic plots revealed that in the absence of the beta subunit the Km of the enzyme for L-methionine (L-Met) was 3-fold higher than in the presence of the beta subunit. Furthermore, AdoMet levels were 5-fold higher in cell extracts lacking the beta subunit (SEB-stimulated cell extracts) compared with extracts containing MAT II alpha2/alpha2' and beta subunits. We propose that the increased levels of AdoMet in superantigen-stimulated cells may be attributed to the absence of the beta subunit, which seems to have rendered MAT II less sensitive to product feedback inhibition by (-)AdoMet. The data suggest that the beta subunit of MAT II, which has no catalytic activity, may be a regulatory subunit that imparts a lower Km for L-Met but increases the sensitivity to feedback inhibition by AdoMet. The down-regulation of the beta subunit, which occurred when T cells were stimulated via the TCR, may be an important mechanism to regulate AdoMet levels at different stages of T cell differentiation under physiological conditions.
Enhancement of optical nonlinearity in periodic gold nanoparticle arrays (2006)

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of periodic triangular Au nanoparticle arrays were investigated. We compared the optical nonlinearity of periodic Au nanoparticle arrays with that of the ultra-thin gold film consisting of randomly distributed spheroidal clusters. A pronounced enhancement of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ((3)) in Au arrays was observed, and the figure of merit, χ((3))/α, of the periodic nanoparticle arrays is one order of magnitude larger than that of the ultra-thin film. Such an enhancement of the optical nonlinearity could be due to the strong local field near the triangular nanoparticles.
Tumor cell-protective catalase as a novel target for rational therapeutic approaches based on specific intercellular ROS signaling. (2012)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit procarcinogenic effects at multiple stages during multistep oncogenesis. As a hallmark of the transformed state, extracellular superoxide anions generated by NADPH oxidase1 (NOX1) are centrally involved in the control of the transformed state. These pro-carcinogenic effects of ROS are counterbalanced by specific ROS-dependent apoptosis induction in malignant cells, based on four interconnected signaling pathways. Tumor progression selects for a phenotype characterized by resistance to ROS-dependent apoptotic signaling. Resistance is based on membrane-associated catalase in tumor cells, which therefore represents a promising and unique target for specific tumor therapy. Novel approache, developed in vitro, utilize antibody-mediated inhibition of catalase or ROS-driven singlet oxygen generation and subsequent inactivation of tumor cell catalase as initial steps. As a consecutive step, malignant cell-generated superoxide anions then drive apoptotic signaling with high selectivity for malignant cells. We propose to translate this complex but well-established ROS-dependent signaling chemistry into novel approaches for experimental therapy in vivo.
Toxicity modeling and prediction with pattern recognition. (1985)

Empirical models can be constructed relating the change in toxicity to the change in chemical structure for series of similar compounds or mixtures. The first step is to translate the variation in structure to quantitative numbers. This gives a data table, a data matrix denoted by X, which then is analyzed. The same type of the models can be used to relate the variation of in vivo data to the variation of a battery of in vitro tests. A single data analytical model cannot be applied to a set of compounds of diverse chemical structure. For such data sets, separate models must be developed for each subgroup of compounds. The data analytical problem then partly is one of classification, pattern recognition (PARC). The assumption of structural and biological similarity within each subset of modeled compounds is then essential for empirical models to apply. PARC is often used to classify compounds as active (toxic) or inactive. The data structure is then often asymmetric which puts special demands on the data analysis, making the traditional PARC methods inapplicable. Depending on the desired information from the data analysis and on the type of available data, four levels of PARC can be distinguished: (I) the data X are used to develop rules for classifying future compounds into one of the classes represented in X; (II) same as I, but the possibility of future compounds belonging to "unknown" classes not represented in X is taken into account; (III) same as II, plus the quantitative prediction of one activity variable (here toxicity) in some classes; (IV) same as III, but several quantitative activity (toxicity) variables are predicted.
Pulse Arrival Time as surrogate for systolic blood pressure changes during impending neurally mediated syncope (2012)

Blood pressure regulation failures cause neurally mediated syncope often resulting in a fall. A warning device might help to make patients aware of an impending critical event or even trigger the patient to perform countermeasures such as lying down or isometric exercises. We previously demonstrated that the Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) methodology is a potential approach to enable early detection of impending faints. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether PAT can be used as an easy to measure beat-to-beat surrogate for systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes during a passive standing exercise (head-up tilt table testing (HUTT)). A significant PAT increase of more than 10 % was accompanied with a critical SBP decrease in syncope patients. Although PAT is in general not considered as a good measure of absolute blood pressure we found strong correlations (R>0.89, P<0.01) of SBP and PAT after PAT began to increase. Therefore, our data suggest that the pulse arrival time is useful to monitor blood pressure changes in patients with neurally mediated syncope. This might open up new avenues to prevent falls in these patients.
Detection of hepatitis a virus from oyster by nested PCR using efficient extraction and concentration method (2008)

The molecular methods using polymerase chain reaction have been proposed as useful tools for the identification of viral pathogens in food and water. However, the PCR-based methods are highly dependent on the methods of virus concentration and nucleic acid purification due to the low sensitivity of PCR in the presence of PCR inhibitors. We developed TPTT [tris elution buffer-PEG-TRIzol-poly(dT) magnetic bead] protocol in order to detect hepatitis A virus (HAV) inoculated in oyster digestive glands. The detection limit of HAV precipitated with zirconium hydroxide was 10(5) fold less sensitive in a nested PCR than that precipitated the HAV supernatant twice with PEG/NaCl (16% polyethylene glycol 6,000, 0.525 M NaCl) in a 1:2 (v/v) ratio, which provided an efficient detection of 0.0148 PFU/g from approximately 0.05 g of oyster homogenate. This method is efficient for potential use in the detection of HAV from shellfish and is more sensitive than most currently published tests.
Interaction with CBP/p300 enables the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E6 oncoprotein to downregulate CBP/p300-mediated transactivation by p53 (2000)

The E6 oncoprotein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) can transform cells independently of p53 degradation. The precise mechanisms underlying this transformation are not yet completely understood. Here it is shown that BPV-1 E6 interacts with CBP/p300 in the same way as described for the E6 proteins of oncogenic human papillomaviruses. This interaction results in an inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator function of CBP/p300 required by p53 and probably by other transcription factors. The comparison of the CBP/p300-binding properties of BPV-1 E6 mutants previously characterized in transcription and transformation studies suggests (i) that the E6-CBP/p300 interaction may be necessary, but not sufficient, for cell transformation, and (ii) that the transcriptional activator function, inherent to the E6 protein, is not derived from forming a complex with CBP/p300.
Structure-function analysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator. Effect of deletion of NH2-terminal domains on its biochemical and biological properties. (1988)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a mosaic protein containing several distinct structural domains attached to the serine protease catalytic unit present at its COOH terminus, To investigate structure-func-' J. Wilhelm et al., manuscript in preparation.
Fomblin Multidentate Lubricants for Ultra-Low Magnetic Spacing (2006)

This paper discusses a new class of lubricants for disk application, designed for ultra-low magnetic spacing. By tying down the middle of the long perfluoropolyether (PFPE) Fomblin chain to the overcoat surface with additional functional groups, one can achieve the very low clearance needed for the future, sub-5 nm flying height head-disk interface. Bulk synthesis and characterization are described, and tribological performance is investigated. Benefits of this novel lubricant family can be attributed not only to its shorter free chain length, but also to disjoining pressure attributes
Teaching Our Education Students to Teach Christianly (2012)

What does it mean to teach Christianly? We may not always agree on what it means. There can be no doubt, however, that the calling of teacher education departments in Christian post-secondary institutions is to prepare students to teach Christianly, whether in public or Christian schools. But how do we do this? I shall address this question by considering four themes: current conceptions of what it means to teach Christianly, an alternative model, the context of teaching Christianly, and some implications for our teacher education programs.
Interactions of Nitroaromatic Compounds with the Mammalian Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase and the Relation to Induction of Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells (2005)

Here we described novel interactions of the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with nitroaromatic environmental pollutants and drugs. We found that TrxR could catalyze nitroreductase reactions with either one- or two-electron reduction, using its selenocysteine-containing active site and another redox active center, presumably the FAD. Tetryl and p-dinitrobenzene were the most efficient nitroaromatic substrates with a k(cat) of 1.8 and 2.8 s(-1), respectively, at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C using 50 muM NADPH. As a nitroreductase, TrxR cycled between four- and two-electron-reduced states. The one-electron reactions led to superoxide formation as detected by cytochrome c reduction and, interestingly, reductive N-denitration of tetryl or 2,4-dinitrophenyl-N-methylnitramine, resulting in the release of nitrite. Most nitroaromatics were uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibitors with regard to NADPH and the disulfide substrate 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), respectively. Tetryl and 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan were, however, competitive inhibitors with respect to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and were clearly substrates for the selenolthiol motif of the enzyme. Furthermore, tetryl and 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan efficiently inactivated TrxR, likely by alkylation of the selenolthiol motif as in the inhibition of TrxR by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene/dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or juglone. The latter compounds were the most efficient inhibitors of TrxR activity in a cellular context. DNCB, juglone, and tetryl were highly cytotoxic and induced caspase-3/7 activation in HeLa cells. Furthermore, DNCB and juglone were potent inducers of apoptosis also in Bcl2 overexpressing HeLa cells or in A549 cells. Based on these findings, we suggested that targeting of intracellular TrxR by alkylating nitroaromatic or quinone compounds may contribute to the induction of apoptosis in exposed human cancer cells.