gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fused pyridines by a tandem aza‐wittig / heterocyclization strategy: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐<i>a</i>]pyridines and pyrido[1,2‐<i>b</i>][1,2,4]triazines (2008)

Abstract magnified image The iminophosphorane 1‐amino‐6‐(triphenylphosphoranylideneamino)‐2‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐pyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile 2 prepared from 1,6‐diaminopyridine 1 reacts with heterocumulenes such as carbon disulfide and phenylisocyanate, and with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and haloketones to give directly the title compounds in an one‐pot aza‐Wittig / heterocyclic‐ring closure process with good yields.
Pathogenic and regulatory roles for B cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2012)

A dual role of B cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of the human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS), has been established. In the first role, B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of EAE through the production of anti-myelin antibodies that contribute to demyelination. On the contrary, B cells have also been shown to have protective functions in that they play an essential role in the spontaneous recovery from EAE. In this review, we summarize studies conducted in a number of species demonstrating the conditions under which B cells are pathogenic in EAE. We also discuss the phenotype and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of regulatory B cells.
A framework for resource-aware knowledge discovery in data streams (2006)

Mining data streams is a field of increase interest due to the importance of its applications and dissemination of data stream generators. Most of the streaming techniques developed so far have not addressed the need of resource-aware computing in data stream analysis. The fact that streaming information is often generated or received onboard resource-constrained computational devices such as sensors and mobile devices motivates the need for resource-awareness in data stream processing systems. In this paper, we propose a generic framework that enables resource-awareness in streaming computation using algorithm granularity settings in order to change the resource consumption patterns periodically. This generic framework is applied to a novel threshold-based micro-clustering algorithm to test its validity and feasibility. We have termed this algorithm as RA-Cluster. RA-Custer is the first stream clustering algorithm that can adapt to the changing availability of different resources. The experimental results showed the applicability of the framework and the algorithm in terms of resource-awareness and accuracy.
BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH: THE USE AND ABUSE OF CAPITAL LETTERS (1927)

BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH: THE USE AND ABUSE OF CAPITAL LETTERS Get access A. F. Pollard A. F. Pollard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, Volume 5, Issue 13, June 1927, Pages 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1927.tb00437.x Published: 12 October 2007
Effect of selective ligand binding on the molecular DNA melting (1987)

Проведен теоретический анализ влияния непротяженных невзаимодействующих между собой при адсорбции лигандов с избирательным характером связывания на переход спираль — клубок ДНК. Установлено, что при непосредственном связывании лигандов и в случае опосредованного влияния растворенных веществ на тепловую денатурацию ДНК имеет место совпадение характеристик процесса плавления. Различие наблюдается только при больших температурных сдвигах, обусловленных лигандами (больших 40 °С), что связано с нелинейностью зависимости температуры плавления от GC-содержания комплекса. Установлено, что для ДНК с квазислучайной и блочной последовательностями пар оснований лиганды обусловливают одинаковые температурные сдвиги, но различный характер зависимости ширины температурного интервала перехода от концентрации.
Far field radar cross-section (RCS) predictions from planar near field measurements (1992)

Three modifications to M.A. Dinallo's (Proc. AMTA, 1984) planar NFFFT (near-field-to-far-field transformation) algorithm are described which tailor the near field data collection requirements to the desired far zone RCS (radar cross section) data. Excellent performance was demonstrated at 6% of the far-field distance using simulated near-field data. The modifications result in substantial reductions in data collection time and hardware complexity, thereby offering the potential for practical near-field RCS measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly reliable liquid-phase deposited SiO/sub 2/ with nitrous oxide plasma post-treatment for low temperature processed poly-Si TFTs (2002)

Low temperature (/spl sim/300/spl deg/C) N/sub 2/O plasma annealing for liquid-phase deposited (LPD) gate oxide has been proposed for the first time. Physicochemical and electrical characterizations show that the N/sub 2/O-treated LPD-SiO/sub 2/ improves breakdown field, interface state density, and Si-rich phenomenon. This novel technology has been also successfully applied to LTP poly-Si TFTs, which reveal excellent characteristics and reliability. It is believed that the N/sub 2/O plasma post-treatment not only improves the oxide quality, but also passivates the trap states in poly-Si channel.
Improvements in the Quality and Shelf Life of Kimchi by Fermentation with the Induced Bacteriocin‐Producing Strain,  <i>Leuconostoc citreum</i>  GJ7 as a Starter (2010)

Presently, we have shown that under the optimum fermentation condition the induced bacteriocin-producing LAB, Leuc. citreum GJ7, can regulate natural kimchi fermentation and has extended dominance within the microbial ecology of kimchi. The result is improved quality and shelf life of kimchi. Moreover, to control the growth of other microorganisms in open-fermentation and nonsterile conditions, this system may be usefully adapted for other food or environmental control systems.
Effects of price discount on consumers’ perceptions of savings, quality, and value for apparel products: mediating effect of price discount affect (2018)

Abstract Extending the price–quality–value model (Monroe and Krishnan in The perception of merchandise and store quality 209–232, 1985) and means-end model (Zeithaml in J Mark 52:2–22, 1988), we developed a conceptual model to investigate the mediating role of price discount affect (feeling aroused by price discounts) in the relationship between price discounts and consumers’ perceptions (perceived savings, quality, and value) and in the relationship between perceived value and purchase intentions in the context of online apparel products. A between-subject experimental design with four levels of price discounts (10, 30, 50, and 70%) was used. Jeans were selected as the product stimulus. Web pages were developed to create a fictional online store and to collect data. A total of 209 usable responses were collected by a research firm in the United States, and structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data. The results showed that price discount affect played an important mediating role in the relationship between price discounts and consumers’ perceptions. When the direct effect of price discounts on perceived quality was examined, consumers perceived the apparel product with higher discounts as lower quality (i.e., a negative direct relationship). However, when price discount affect served as a mediator, the feelings created by a price discount led to a positive perception of product quality (i.e., a positive indirect relationship). By considering the influence of price discount affect, our model provides a better understanding of the effect of price discounts on consumers’ perceptions of apparel products.
The Relevance of Coronary Sinus Interventions in Cardiac Surgery (1991)

The concept of arterialization of the coronary venous system was first discussed almost 100 years ago. Subsequently, those attracted by this approach have chosen the coronary veins as an alternative route for interventional and surgical therapy. Modern techniques of coronary sinus interventions (CSI) have been suggested mainly for temporary support and protection of ischemic myocardium. Based on the dense meshwork structure of the venous vasculature, CSI may be effective even in the presence of serious coronary artery disease. Three major techniques have been suggested for different indications in cardiology and cardiac surgery: 1) ECG-synchronized retroperfusion of arterial blood, which is supposed to positively affect ischemic myocardium by phasic supply of oxygen to deprived areas mainly in cardiac emergencies, 2) retroinfusion of cardioplegia in the arrested heart, which is now a well-established clinical technique, and 3) intermittent coronary sinus occlusion during antegrade cardioplegic delivery in the arrested heart and in the early reperfusion period after surgical revascularization, or in cardiac emergencies. The beneficial effect of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion is assumed to result from cyclic occlusion and release of the coronary sinus shifting venous blood to underperfused regions, thereby facilitating substrate delivery and subsequent washout of metabolites. Experimental studies and first clinical trials suggest that all methods of CSI are safe and feasible, and the ultimate goals of reduction of infarct size and preservation of jeopardized ischemic myocardium will be achieved.
The immune response to severe bacterial infections: consequences for therapy (2012)

The immune response to a bacterial stimulus starts when pathogen-associated molecular patterns of the bacterial pathogens activate pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. This leads to production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators aiming to contain infection and drive the clinical signs of sepsis. When sepsis and signs of failing organs are apparent, proinflammatory phenomena have ceased; a hypoinflammatory phase predominates, characterized by anergy of monocytes and apoptosis of T lymphocytes. The above sequence of events seems to differ from one patient to the next. The majority of therapies targeting the immune responses have failed to provide clinical benefit. Immunostimulation with IFN-γ and leukocyte growth factors, hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-embedded fiber column, and macrolides remain the most promising immunomodulators in clinical practice.
Spatiotemporal social media analytics for abnormal event detection and examination using seasonal-trend decomposition (2012)

Recent advances in technology have enabled social media services to support space-time indexed data, and internet users from all over the world have created a large volume of time-stamped, geo-located data. Such spatiotemporal data has immense value for increasing situational awareness of local events, providing insights for investigations and understanding the extent of incidents, their severity, and consequences, as well as their time-evolving nature. In analyzing social media data, researchers have mainly focused on finding temporal trends according to volume-based importance. Hence, a relatively small volume of relevant messages may easily be obscured by a huge data set indicating normal situations. In this paper, we present a visual analytics approach that provides users with scalable and interactive social media data analysis and visualization including the exploration and examination of abnormal topics and events within various social media data sources, such as Twitter, Flickr and YouTube. In order to find and understand abnormal events, the analyst can first extract major topics from a set of selected messages and rank them probabilistically using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. He can then apply seasonal trend decomposition together with traditional control chart methods to find unusual peaks and outliers within topic time series. Our case studies show that situational awareness can be improved by incorporating the anomaly and trend examination techniques into a highly interactive visual analysis process.
Comment on “Critical Branching Captures Activity in Living Neural Networks and Maximizes the Number of Metastable States” (2005)

It is shown that, contrary to the claims in a recent letter by Haldeman and Beggs (PRL, 94, 058101, 2005), the branching ratio in epileptic cortical cultures is smaller than one. In addition, and also in contrast to claims made in that paper, the number of metastable states is not significantly different between cortical cultures in the critical state and cultures made epileptic using picrotoxin.
Antibacterial Activity of S-Methyl Methanethiosulfinate and S-Methyl 2-Propene-1-thiosulfinate from Chinese Chive toward Escherichia coli O157:H7 (2001)

S-Methyl methanethiosufinate (1) and S-methyl 2-propene-1-thiosulfinate (2) were easily seperated from Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum L.) using simple column chromatography. Both compounds showed significant antibacterial activities against E. coli O-157:H7 including spoilage microorganism in food. Structural assignment was based on Mass and NMR-spectroscopic methods.
Effect of Oil Droplets and Their Solid/Liquid Composition on the Phase Separation of Protein–Polysaccharide Mixtures (2013)

The phase separation of a model system consisting of sodium caseinate + xanthan ± a low fraction (up to 3 wt %) of an oil-in-water emulsion was studied at room temperature (20-25 °C). The composition of the oil phase was either 100 wt % n-tetradecane (TD); 50% TD + 50% eicosane (EC) or 100% EC. The droplets in these three "emulsions" were therefore totally liquid, partially solid, and totally solid, respectively. In the presence of 22 mM CaCl2, the mixed TD+EC droplets were most effective at inhibiting phase separation, while the EC emulsions could not prevent phase separation at all. At 32 mM CaCl2 the emulsions tended to promote phase separation, possibly due to enhanced calcium ion-induced droplet aggregation. The apparent interfacial viscosity (ηi) between two macroscopically separated phases was also measured. In the presence of the semisolid mixed droplets ηi = 25 mN s m(-1), significantly higher than ηi with the pure (liquid) TD droplets (15 mN s m(-1)) or with the pure solid EC droplets (12 mN s m(-1)) or in the absence of droplets (<3 mN s m(-1)). Confocal microscopy showed that the microstructure of the phase separating regions also depended upon the composition of the oil droplets, and it is tentatively suggested that the more marked effects of the mixed emulsion droplets were due to them forming a stronger network at the interface via partial coalescence. Control of the extent of interfacial aggregation of droplets is therefore possibly one way to influence the course of phase separation in biopolymer mixtures.
LXIX.—Production and reactions of ββ′-dichlorodiethyl sulphide (1922)

F. G. Mann and W. J. Pope, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1922, 121, 594 DOI: 10.1039/CT9222100594
The Decomposition of Water by Radiation. (1950)

Decomposition by Protons/) Alphas and X~ rays I .
8&#x00D7;8 Patch antenna array with polarization and space diversity for future 5G cellular applications (2015)

This paper introduces the design of 8×8 patch antenna array with polarization and space diversity for the future fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks. The antenna element is a rectangular patch with a single spatial feed and designed to have dual linear polarization. The proposed 8×8 array also has dual-orthogonal polarization and therefore built-in polarization diversity. The polarization isolation between the two channels is good at boresight. The proposed array has a maximum realized gain of about 21 dBi at 28 GHz.
Mimetic Peptides as Blockers of Connexin Channel-Facilitated Intercellular Communication (2007)

There is a dearth of chemical inhibitors of connexin-mediated intercellular communication. The advent of short "designer" connexin mimetic peptides has provided new tools to inhibit connexin channels quickly and reversibly. This perspective describes the development of mimetic peptides, especially Gap 26 and 27 that are the most popular and correspond to specific sequences in the extracellular loops of connexins 37, 40 and 43. Initially they were used to inhibit gap-junctional coupling in a wide range of mammalian cells and tissues. Currently, they are also being examined as therapeutic agents that accelerate wound healing and in the early treatment of spinal cord injury. The mimetic peptides bind to connexin hemichannels, influencing channel properties as shown by lowering of electrical conductivity and potently blocking the entry of small reporter dyes and the release of ATP by cells. A mechanism is proposed to help explain the dual action of connexin mimetic peptides on connexin hemichannels and gap-junctional coupling.
Acetyl-CoA induces transcription of the key G1 cyclin <i>CLN3</i> to promote entry into the cell division cycle in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2013)

In budding yeast cells, nutrient repletion induces rapid exit from quiescence and entry into a round of growth and division. The G1 cyclin CLN3 is one of the earliest genes activated in response to nutrient repletion. Subsequent to its activation, hundreds of cell-cycle genes can then be expressed, including the cyclins CLN1/2 and CLB5/6. Although much is known regarding how CLN3 functions to activate downstream targets, the mechanism through which nutrients activate CLN3 transcription in the first place remains poorly understood. Here we show that a central metabolite of glucose catabolism, acetyl-CoA, induces CLN3 transcription by promoting the acetylation of histones present in its regulatory region. Increased rates of acetyl-CoA synthesis enable the Gcn5p-containing Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase transcriptional coactivator complex to catalyze histone acetylation at the CLN3 locus alongside ribosomal and other growth genes to promote entry into the cell division cycle.
Plant Disease: A Threat to Global Food Security (2005)

A vast number of plant pathogens from viroids of a few hundred nucleotides to higher plants cause diseases in our crops. Their effects range from mild symptoms to catastrophes in which large areas planted to food crops are destroyed. Catastrophic plant disease exacerbates the current deficit of food supply in which at least 800 million people are inadequately fed. Plant pathogens are difficult to control because their populations are variable in time, space, and genotype. Most insidiously, they evolve, often overcoming the resistance that may have been the hard-won achievement of the plant breeder. In order to combat the losses they cause, it is necessary to define the problem and seek remedies. At the biological level, the requirements are for the speedy and accurate identification of the causal organism, accurate estimates of the severity of disease and its effect on yield, and identification of its virulence mechanisms. Disease may then be minimized by the reduction of the pathogen's inoculum, inhibition of its virulence mechanisms, and promotion of genetic diversity in the crop. Conventional plant breeding for resistance has an important role to play that can now be facilitated by marker-assisted selection. There is also a role for transgenic modification with genes that confer resistance. At the political level, there is a need to acknowledge that plant diseases threaten our food supplies and to devote adequate resources to their control.
A Hybrid Mobile-based Patient Location Tracking System for Personal Healthcare Applications (2006)

In the next generation of Infocommunications, mobile Internet-enabled devices and third generation mobile communication networks have become reality, location based services (LBS) are expected to be a major area of growth. Providing information, content and services through positioning technologies forms the platform for new services for users and developers, as well as creating new revenue channels for service providers. These crucial advances in location based services have opened up new opportunities in real time patient tracking for personal healthcare applications. In this paper, a hybrid mobile-based location technique using the global positioning system (GPS) and cellular mobile network infrastructure is employed to provide the location tracking capability. This function will be integrated into the patient location tracking system (PLTS) to assist caregivers or family members in locating patients such as elderly or dependents when required, especially in emergencies. The capability of this PLTS is demonstrated through a series of location detection tests conducted over different operating conditions. Although the model is at its initial stage of development, it has shown relatively good accuracy for position tracking and potential of using integrated wireless technology to enhance the existing personal healthcare communication system through location based services.
A Study on the Measurement of Plastic Zone Depth using TRIZ (2008)

Machine parts subjected to fluctuating or cyclic loads induce repeated stresses that often result in failure by fatigue. In such cases, the fatigue failures unfortunately sometimes occur. These may arise from a lack of knowledge with regard to the design, fabrication and operation of the machines or structures. The failure analysis provides valuable information regarding the prevention of similar failures. Furthermore, this information will be useful to improve or to develop new products. Failure stress analysis is classified into X-ray fractography. X-ray fractography has the limited applications because of material crystal size, difficult measurement method, electrolytic polishing precision, and long test time. Therefore, this study proposed the new method to improve the measurement precision of plastic zone depth and test time using TRIZ.
Statistically Based Decompression Tables. 7. Selection and Treatment of Primary Air and N sub 2 O sub 2 Data (1992)

Probabilistic models of decompression sickness (DCS) require high quality data of diving profiles and DCS occurrence to get reliable predictions of the probability of DCS, P(DCS). Over 400 experimental dives performed since 1977 in the U.S., U.K., and Canada were collected, verified, and formatted for use in probabilistic models. In most cases the dive profile precision is within 1 fsw in depth, 30 sec in time, and 0.1 ATA in PO2. DCS outcome and other medical records are of the high quality expected for test dives done in military laboratories. This report describes the data sources, steps used in the review and formatting process, and summaries of the data collection.... Decompression sickness, Hyperbaric, Diving, Data base.