gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanotubes in boron nitride laser heated at high pressure (1996)

Here we report on the finding of pure boron nitride (BN) nanotubes that do not contain any additional inclusions and on a new method for their growth: laser heating of boron nitrides at high nitrogen pressure (5–15 GPa). The multiwalled nanotubes were observed using high resolution electron microscopy and were chemically characterized by electron energy loss spectroscopy. The circular or polygonal cross-sectional nanotubes, which have 3–8 shells and a characteristic outer dimension cross section of 3–15 nm, were found to have grown either in melted cubic BN or in hexagonal+amorphous BN that had recrystallized on the specimen’s surface from the fluid phase.
Cherry picking in database languages (2010)

To avoid expensive round-trips between the application layer and the database layer it is crucial that data-intensive processing and calculations happen close to where the data resides -- ideally within the database engine. However, each application has its own domain and provides domain-specific languages (DSL) as a user interface to keep interactions confined within the well-known metaphors of the respective domain. Revealing the innards of the underlying data layer by forcing users to formulate problems in terms of a general database language is often not an option. To bridge that gap, we propose an approach to transform and directly compile a DSL into a general database execution plan using graph transformations. We identify the commonalities and mismatches between different models and show which parts can be cherry-picked for direct translation. Finally, we argue that graph transformations can be used in general to translate a DSL into an executable plan for a database.
A quest for an Internet video quality-of-experience metric (2012)

An imminent challenge that content providers, CDNs, third-party analytics and optimization services, and video player designers in the Internet video ecosystem face is the lack of a single "gold standard" to evaluate different competing solutions. Existing techniques that describe the quality of the encoded signal or controlled studies to measure opinion scores do not translate directly into user experience at scale. Recent work shows that measurable performance metrics such as buffering, startup time, bitrate, and number of bitrate switches impact user experience. However, converting these observations into a quantitative quality-of-experience metric turns out to be challenging since these metrics are interrelated in complex and sometimes counter-intuitive ways, and their relationship to user experience can be unpredictable. To further complicate things, many confounding factors are introduced by the nature of the content itself (e.g., user interest, genre). We believe that the issue of interdependency can be addressed by casting this as a machine learning problem to build a suitable predictive model from empirical observations. We also show that setting up the problem based on domain-specific and measurement-driven insights can minimize the impact of the various confounding factors to improve the prediction performance.
Late-Onset Hypogonadism (2008)

With aging, a significant percentage of men over the age of 60 years have serum testosterone levels below the lower limits of young adult men. Testosterone is not only pivotal for male reproductive/sexual functioning but plays also a significant role in the maintenance of bone and muscle mass and is a determinant of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The metabolic syndrome, erectile dysfunction and patterns of testosterone in aging men are intertwined. Testosterone is a factor in libido but also exerts essential effects on the anatomical and physiological substrate of penile erection. With these recent insights, the health problems of elderly men must be placed in a context that allows an integral approach. Treatment of testosterone deficiency is to become part of this approach. Recently, professional organizations have published guidelines in an attempt to define the condition and provide treatment. Despite this, much confusion still exists regarding the appropriate approach to diagnosing late-onset hypogonadism. Side effects concern mainly the prostate and erythropoeisis, but the currently available literature indicates that there is no increased risk of developing prostate cancer in men receiving testosterone treatment. Administration of testosterone to elderly men with testosterone deficiency is an acceptably safe practice.
Relative rates of hydrolysis by rat pancreatic lipase of esters of C2-C18 fatty acids with C1-C18 primary n-alcohols (1969)

The rate at which rat pancreatic lipase (glycerol-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) hydrolyzes the esters of primary n-alcohols containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms with fatty acids containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms was determined. The speed of hydrolysis was influenced, apparently independently, by both the acyl and the alkyl chains. With respect to the fatty acid moiety, the esters of dodecanoic acid were usually split at the most rapid rate. Esters of butyric acid were the next most susceptible. In the case of the alcohol moiety, esters of heptyl alcohol were hydrolyzed most rapidly. On the basis of the pattern of the relative rates of hydrolysis, it is proposed that the influence of the alcohol component is a result of its orienting the ester molecule at the oil/water interface. The fatty acid effect is attributed to enzyme-substrate specificity.
Efficacy of the Biofumigant Fungus <I>Muscodor albus</I> (Ascomycota: Xylariales) for Control of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Simulated Storage Conditions (2009)

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a serious pest of pome fruit, is a threat to exportation of apples (Malus spp.) because of the possibility of shipping infested fruit. The need for alternatives to fumigants such as methyl bromide for quarantine security of exported fruit has encouraged the development of effective fumigants with reduced side effects. The endophytic fungus Muscodor albus Worapong, Strobel and Hess (Ascomycota: Xylariales) produces volatile compounds that are biocidal for several pest organisms, including plant pathogens and insect pests. The objectives of our research were to determine the effects of M. albus volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on codling moth adults, neonate larvae, larvae in infested apples, and diapausing cocooned larvae in simulated storage conditions. Fumigation of adult codling moth with VOCs produced by M. albus for 3 d and incubating in fresh air for 24 h at 25 degrees C resulted in 81% corrected mortality. Four- and 5-d exposures resulted in higher mortality (84 and 100%, respectively), but control mortality was also high due to the short life span of the moths. Exposure of neonate larvae to VOCs for 3 d on apples and incubating for 7 d resulted in 86% corrected mortality. Treated larvae were predominantly first instars, whereas 85% of control larvae developed to second and third instars. Exposure of apples that had been infested for 5 d, fumigated with M. albus VOCs for 3 d, and incubated as described above resulted in 71% corrected larval mortality. Exposure of diapausing cocooned codling moth larvae to VOCs for 7 or 14 d resulted in 31 and 100% mortality, respectively, with negligible control mortality. Our data on treatment of several stages of codling moth with M. albus VOCs indicate that the fungus could provide an alternative to broad spectrum chemical fumigants for codling moth control in storage and contribute to the systems approach to achieve quarantine security of exported apples.
Resource management for isolation enhanced cloud services (2009)

The cloud infrastructure provider (CIP) in a cloud computing platform must provide security and isolation guarantees to a service provider (SP), who builds the service(s) for such a platform. We identify last level cache (LLC) sharing as one of the impediments to finer grain isolation required by a service, and advocate two resource management approaches to provide performance and security isolation in the shared cloud infrastructure - cache hierarchy aware core assignment and page coloring based cache partitioning. Experimental results demonstrate that these approaches are effective in isolating cache interference impacts a VM may have on another VM. We also incorporate these approaches in the resource management (RM) framework of our example cloud infrastructure, which enables the deployment of VMs with isolation enhanced SLAs.
Osteopontin as potential biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric and liver cancers (2012)

Gastric cancer and liver cancer are among the most common malignancies and the leading causes of death worldwide, due to late detection and high recurrence rates. Today, these cancers have a heavy socioeconomic burden, for which a full understanding of their pathophysiological features is warranted to search for promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in most patients with gastric and liver cancers. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has revealed a correlation of OPN level and clinicopathological features and prognosis in gastric and liver cancers, indicating its potential as an independent prognostic indicator in such patients. Functional studies have verified the potential of OPN knockdown as a therapeutic approach in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, OPN mediates multifaceted roles in the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, in which many details need further exploration. OPN signaling results in various functions, including prevention of apoptosis, modulation of angiogenesis, malfunction of tumor-associated macrophages, degradation of extracellular matrix, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways, which lead to tumor formation and progression, particularly in gastric and liver cancers. This editorial aims to review recent findings on alteration in OPN expression and its clinicopathological associations with tumor progression, its potential as a therapeutic target, and putative mechanisms in gastric and liver cancers. Better understanding of the implications of OPN in tumorigenesis might facilitate development of therapeutic regimens to benefit patients with these deadly malignancies.
Observing TCP dynamics in real networks (1992)

The behavior of the TCP protocol in simple situations is well-understood, but when multiple connections share a set of network resources the protocol can exhibit surprising phenomena. Earlier studies have identified several such phenomena, and have analyzed them using simulation or observation of contrived situations. This paper shows how, by analyzing traces of a busy segment of the Internet, it is possible to observe these pheonomena in “real life” and measure both their frequency and their effects on performance. A TCP implementation might use similar techniques to support rate-based congestion control.
Multi-Level Current Reinjection CSC for STATCOM Application (2006)

A multi-level current reinjection concept, already shown to provide acceptable harmonic reduction with fewer switching components than the conventional multi-level schemes, is described in this paper with reference to its performance when operated as a STATCOM. PSCAD/EMTDC is used to illustrate the steady state and fast dynamic response to system changes, both under symmetrical and asymmetrical terminal voltage conditions.
Initial clinical experience with computed radiography imaging in an emergency department. (1989)

In the emergency setting, dual imaging was performed in 42 examinations using conventional and computed radiography imaging (CRI) systems. Six specialists considered computed images to be preferable to conventional radiographs in 28% of observations, of equal quality in 50% of observations, and of lesser quality in 22% of observations, even though incorrect processing algorithms were used in 62% of the digital exams. Correct processing improved CRI image characteristics and increased its desirability over conventional studies, suggesting that digital imaging will have greater application in the emergency setting as processing features are simplified.
Printing house square papers. IV. ministerial appoinments in 1863 (1920)

Journal Article Printing house square papers. IV. ministerial appoinments in 1863 Get access C. W. B. C. W. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s12-VII, Issue 116, 3 July 1920, Pages 1–2, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s12-VII.116.1 Published: 03 July 1920
Cathepsin G Recruits Osteoclast Precursors via Proteolytic Activation of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 (2009)

Metastatic breast cancer shows extreme tropism for the bone microenvironment, leading to the establishment of osteolytic metastases. Perpetuation of tumor-induced osteolysis requires a continuous supply of osteoclast precursors migrating into the bone microenvironment that can subsequently differentiate into mature osteoclasts and resorb bone. Thus, identification and subsequent targeting of chemoattractants of osteoclast precursors that are up-regulated at the tumor-bone interface represents a potential avenue to interrupt osteolysis. We report that cathepsin G, a serine protease, plays a vital role in the bone microenvironment by modulating tumor-stromal interaction in a manner that favors tumor establishment and regulates chemotaxis of monocytes, a subset of which has the potential to differentiate into osteoclasts. Our data show that cathepsin G-induced chemotaxis of monocytes is mediated by proteolytic activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). Attenuation of PAR-1 activation abrogates cathepsin G-mediated induction of monocyte chemotaxis. We also show that in vivo inhibition of cathepsin G reduces the number of CD11b(+) osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts at the tumor-bone interface. Together, these data suggest that therapeutic targeting of both PAR-1 signaling in osteoclast precursors as well as cathepsin G at the tumor-bone interface has the potential to reduce osteolysis by inhibiting the recruitment, differentiation, and activation of osteoclast precursors.
Fibre Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation (1997)

Broadband chirped fibre gratings allow the upgrade of the existing non-dispersion shifted fibre network to high data rate operation within the 1.55µm low-loss window. The design, fabrication, performance and application of these devices is covered.
Ferromagnetic embolization. Experimental evaluation. (1981)

Flow of embolized carbonyl iron particles under the influence of a magnetic field was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The magnetic force caused particles to form aggregates, obstructing tubing or vascular beds. In dogs, 0.5 cc of iron particles injectged into a renal artery under magnetic control caused total occlusion and necrosis; injection without magnetic control caused little damage and no change in function. There was little systemic toxicity. Injection of iron particles under magnetic control may be helpful in embolic arterial occlusion and localized irradiation, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy.
<title>Integrated CAD framework linking VLSI layout editors and process simulators</title> (1996)

As feature sizes in VLSI circuits extend into the far sub-micron range, new process techniques, such as using phase shifted masks for photolithography, will be needed. Under these conditions, the only means for the circuit designer to design compact and efficient circuits with good yield capabilities is to be able to see the effect of different design approaches on manufactured silicon, instead of solely relying on conservative general design rules. The integrated CAD framework accomplishes this by providing a link between a layout editor (Magic), advanced photolithographic techniques such as phase shifted masks, and a process simulator (Depict). This paper discusses some applications of this tool. A non- conventional process technique involving interferometric phase shifting and off-axis illumination has been evaluated using the tool. Also, a feature of the CAD framework which allows representation of a phase shifted mask, together with its layout analysis capability has been used to compact a piece of layout by inserting phase shifted elements into it.
Formation of Pseudosymmetrical G-Quadruplex and i-Motif Structures in the Proximal Promoter Region of the <i>RET</i> Oncogene (2007)

A polypurine (guanine)/polypyrimidine (cytosine)-rich sequence within the proximal promoter region of the human RET oncogene has been shown to be essential for RET basal transcription. Specifically, the G-rich strand within this region consists of five consecutive runs of guanines, which is consistent with the general motif capable of forming intramolecular G-quadruplexes. Here we demonstrate that, in the presence of 100 mM K+, this G-rich strand has the ability to adopt two intramolecular G-quadruplex structures in vitro. Moreover, comparative circular dichroism (CD) and DMS footprinting studies have revealed that the 3'-G-quadruplex structure is a parallel-type intramolecular structure containing three G-tetrads. The G-quadruplex-interactive agents TMPyP4 and telomestatin further stabilize this G-quadruplex structure. In addition, we demonstrate that the complementary C-rich strand forms an i-motif structure in vitro, as shown by CD spectroscopy and chemical footprinting. This 19-mer duplex sequence is predicted to form stable intramolecular G-quadruplex and i-motif species having minimum symmetrical loop sizes of 1:3:1 and 2:3:2, respectively. Together, our results indicate that stable G-quadruplex and i-motif structures can form within the proximal promoter region of the human RET oncogene, suggesting that these secondary structures play an important role in transcriptional regulation of this gene.
2.9 V operation GaAs power MESFET with 31.5-dBm output power and 64% power-added efficiency (1994)

A state-of-the-art GaAs power MESFET operating at a drain bias of 2.9 V has been developed using the high-low doped channel structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The device has 0.6 μm gate length and 16 mm gate width. The power performance tested at a 2.9 V drain bias and 900 MHz operation frequency was output power of 31.5 dBm with 11.5 dB gain and 64% power-added efficiency.
Chemical Reactions in Shock Waves (1964)

From the 20th to the 22nd of April 1964, 85 chemists and physicists from England, Germany, Japan, Canada, and the United States gathered on the campus of Duke University for a symposium on chemical reactions in shock tubes. This meeting served to outline clearly both the contributions which shock tubes have made to chemical research and the prospects which may be anticipated in the near future.
Phagocytosis of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>by bovine mammary gland macrophages and intracellular protection from antibiotic action<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (1984)

Macrophages isolated from the involuted bovine mammary gland were cultured in vitro. Phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus occurred rapidly, but intracellular killing of bacteria was slow. Many intracellular staphylococci survived for up to 4 d exposure to extracellular cloxacillin and emerged from within the macrophages to multiply extracellularly when the antibiotic was inactivated. Rifampicin was significantly more efficient than cloxacillin in killing intracellular S. aureus after 18 h incubation, but it too failed to sterilize the cultures within 3 d. Staphylococci, which had remained viable within macrophages during 20 h incubation with extracellular cloxacillin, showed an increased sensitivity to dilute lysostaphin on subsequent exposure. A 3 d course of intramammary therapy with cloxacillin, commencing simultaneously with an infecting inoculum of approximately 10(8) colony forming units (c.f.u.) S. aureus, apparently eliminated the infection from one quarter of the udders of each of three lactating cows, but bacteria were re-isolated from two cows after a delay of several days. However, when other quarters of the same cows were infected with approximately 10(8) c.f.u. S. aureus which had been phagocytosed by autologous mammary macrophages, similar simultaneous antibiotic therapy failed to affect these infections. The in vitro and in vivo findings indicate the significance of intracellular survival of S. aureus as a factor contributing to failure of antibiotic therapy.
Comparison of effectiveness and safety between conbercept and ranibizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A retrospective case-controlled non-inferiority multiple center study (2017)

PurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of conbercept and ranibizumab when administered according to a treat-and-extend (TREX) protocol for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in China.Patients and methodsBetween May 2014 and May 2015, 180 patients were treated in a 1 : 1 ratio using conbercept or ranibizumab from four hospitals. Patients received either conbercept 0.5 mg or ranibizumab 0.5 mg intravitreal injections. Follow-up time was 1 year and treated based on a TREX approach. Main outcomes and measures include best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS); number of injections; central retinal thickness (CRT); and leakage of choroidal neovascularization before and after the treatment was analyzed by fluorescein fundus angiography and indocyanine green angiography.ResultsThe 1-year visit was completed by 168 (93.3%) of patients. Mean BCVA was equivalent between two cohorts, and were improved by 12.7±7.770 and 12.3±7.269 letters in the conbercept and ranibizumab cohorts, respectively (P=0.624). There was no significant difference in measured CRT, with a mean decrease of 191.5 μm for conbercept and 187.8 μm for ranibizumab (P=0.773). There was a statistically significant difference (P=0.001) between the drugs regarding the number of treatments: 7.4 for conbercept and 8.7 for ranibizumab. The difference in the distribution of injection intervals was statistically significant between two groups (P=0.011). During the study, there were no cases of endophthalmitis or intraocular inflammation.ConclusionBoth drugs had equivalent effects in visual and anatomic gains at 1 year when administered. In the conbercept group, longer treatment intervals were achieved with more patients.
Basic mechanics of laminated composite plates (1994)

The mechanics of laminated composite materials is presented in a clear manner with only essential derivations included. The constitutive equations in all of their forms are developed and then summarized in a separate section. The effects of hygrothermal effects are included. The prediction of the engineering constants for a laminate are derived. Strength of laminated composites is not covered.
Using chaos to keep period-multiplied systems in phase (1993)

Periodically driven nonlinear systems can exhibit multiple-period behavior (period-2, period-3, etc.). Several such systems, when driven with the same drive, can be on identical attractors but remain out of phase with each other (e.g., one drive cycle for a period-doubled set of systems). This means that the basins of attraction for multiple-period systems can be divided into domains of attraction, one for each phase of the motion. A period-n attractor will have n domains of attraction in its basin. This out-of-phase situation is stable---small perturbations will not succeed in getting the systems in phase. We show that one can often use an almost periodic driving signal (generated from various chaotic systems) which will simultaneously (1) keep the motion of the systems nearly the same as the periodic driving case, (2) keep the basin of attraction nearly the same, and (3) eliminate the n domains of attraction. In other words, there will be only one domain for the basin. This means that any number of such driven systems will always be in phase. We display this effect in simulations and actual electrical circuits, discuss the mechanism for this effect (which is most likely a crisis), and speculate on some applications of the technique.