gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Carbon Monoxide from Simulated Flue Gas Using Two New Fenton Systems: Mechanism and Kinetics (2019)

Two novel removal processes of carbon monoxide using two new Fenton systems (i.e., Cu<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>2+</sup> coactivated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> systems) were developed. The effect of several process parameters (concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup>, reagent pH value, solution temperature, and simulated flue gas components) on CO removal was studied in a bubbling reactor. The mechanism and kinetics of CO removal were also revealed. Results show that adding Cu<sup>2+</sup> or Mn<sup>2+</sup> obviously enhances the removal process of CO in new Fenton systems. The measured results of free radical yield demonstrate that the enhancing role is derived from producing more ·OH (they are produced due to the synergistic activation role of Cu<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>2+</sup> or Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>2+</sup> in new Fenton systems. The removal efficiency of CO is raised by increasing concentrations of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup> and is reduced by raising concentrations of CO, NO, and SO<sub>2</sub>. Increasing H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration, reagent pH, and solution temperature demonstrates a dual impact on CO absorption. Three oxidation pathways are found to be responsible for CO removal in new Fenton systems. Results of mass-transfer reaction kinetics reveal that CO removal processes are located in a fast-speed reaction kinetics region (the CO removal process is controlled by the mass transfer rate).
Identifying Cross-Site Scripting Attacks Based on URL Analysis (2012)

Cross-site scripting (XSS) is one of the major threats to the security of web applications. Many techniques have been taken to prevent XSS. This paper presents an approach to identify Cross-Site Scripting attacks based on URL analysis. The fundamental assumption of our method is that the URL contains a part that can produce a valid JavaScript syntax tree. First, we extract the parameters of the URL to produce a valid JavaScript syntax tree and weight its parsing depth. If its depth exceeds a user-defined threshold, the URL is considered suspicious. Second, to the exception URLs, a second level of defense is formed by analyzing its structure. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can effectively distinguish most of the malicious URLs from the benign ones.
Beyond Monotherapy: Rational Polytherapy in Migraine (1998)

The past decade has seen significant advances in both the scientific and clinical understanding of migraine. At present, a considerable body of data indicates that migraine is characterized by at least three major pathophysiological features: dopaminergic hypersensitivity, inflammation, and relatively "low" 5-HT levels. Clinically, blocking dopamine receptors, reducing inflammation, and/or stimulating a subpopulation of 5-HT1 receptors are effective monotherapeutic approaches in many migraineurs. However monotherapeutic approaches to migraine do not provide rapid, consistent, and complete relief in all migraineurs. Therefore, if monotherapy is suboptimal, it follows logically that concurrent therapy (ie, polytherapy) aimed at modulating two or three of the biological systems should be more efficacious than modulating only a single system. The rationale for the combination use of dopamine antagonists, anti-inflammatory agents, and 5-HT1 agonists are described in the present report.
The Preparation and Crystal Structures of η<sup>1</sup>-Derivatives of 2-Phenyl-1,2-azaboratabenzene (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTThe Preparation and Crystal Structures of η1-Derivatives of 2-Phenyl-1,2-azaboratabenzeneJun Pan, Jeff W. Kampf, and Arthur J. Ashe III*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Organometallics 2008, 27, 6, 1345–1347Publication Date (Web):February 27, 2008Publication History Received6 December 2007Published online27 February 2008Published inissue 24 March 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om701224chttps://doi.org/10.1021/om701224cbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views643Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Heterocyclic compounds,Ligands,Molecular structure,Nitrogen Get e-Alerts
Heterologous mitral valve transplant: the first 50 patients clinical analysis (1995)

From March 1992 to August 1993, 50 patients underwent mitral valve replacement with the new heterologous stentless mitral bioprosthesis in our institution. The development of this heart valve substitute, its technique of implantation and the results observed in the first group of 50 patients have had us to review the initial experience. The surgical protocol included an accurate mitral valve complex analysis, adequate valve size selection, attachment of the papillary muscle to the new chordal origin and approximation of the stentless mitral to the patient's annulus. There was one hospital death (2%), not related to the valve or to the technique and four reoperations: two due to endocarditis, one because of a perivalvular leak and one due to a mismatched stentless valve. The late mortality (4%) was not valve-related. The follow-up has shown excellent valve performance with improved left ventricular function in the great majority of the patients. Based on the current analysis, it can be stated that reproducibility of the surgical technique and the excellence of the clinical follow-up may contribute favorably to a better quality of life and longer valve durability in patients requiring mitral heart valve replacement.
The Use of Limiting Current to Determine Transport Resistance in PEM Fuel Cells (2006)

Limiting current measurements are used to derive estimates of oxygen transport resistance through the cathode diffusion medium/micro-porous layer (DM/MPL) of a fuel cell. For the case of unteflonated Toray 060 (without an MPL), the estimates are compared to ex situ measurements of the effective diffusion coefficient for water vapor. For dry operating conditions at low currents, the comparison shows that the large majority of transport resistance detected by limiting current occurs in the Toray 060 and not through ionomer or water layers in the electrode. Effective diffusion coefficients at wetter conditions, derived from limiting currents, show a clear dependence on current density and thus on water production. An example of this behavior is given for SGL 25 BC (a DM with MPL).
Flexible High-Accuracy Wide-Range Gas Sensor Interface for Portable Environmental Nosing Purpose (2005)

In this paper, we present a flexible high-precision wide-range front-end for resistive sensors. The output of a programmable continuous-time transresistance stage is processed by a differential switched-capacitor incremental A/D converter. A digital signal processor reconfigures the interface leading to a resolution of 0.1% over a range of 5 decades, as required by pattern recognition algorithms for sensors arrays in environmental nosing applications. Particular care has been taken in reducing the power consumption.
A Stereoselective Access to Functional Dienes Containing a Trifluoromethyl Group <i>via</i> Stille Cross Coupling of Ethyl 4,4,4-Trifluoro-3-iodobutenoate (1998)

Stereoselective construction of 3-trifluoromethyl conjugated dienoates or enynoates was achieved from ethyl (Z)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-iodobutenoate and alkenyltin or alkynyltin reagents through the Stille reaction. Reduction of ethyl 3-trifluoromethyldienoates using DIBAL-H selectively afforded allylic alcohols.
Purification of a hexokinase-binding protein from the outer mitochondrial membrane. (1979)

Brain hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose-6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) binds selectively to the outer membrane of rat liver mitochondria but not to inner mitochondrial or microsomal membranes nor to the plasma membrane of human erythrocytes. A protein having subunit molecular weight of 31,000, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, has been highly purified from the outer mitochondrial membrane by repetitive solubilization with octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside followed by reconstitution into membranous vesicles when the detergent is removed by dialysis. When incorporated into lipid vesicles, the protein confers the ability to bind brain hexokinase in a Glc-6-P-sensitive manner as is seen with the intact outer mitochondrial membrane. Hexokinase binding ability and the 31,000 subunit molecular weight protein co-sediment during sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Both hexokinase binding ability and the 31,000 subunit molecular weight protein are resistant to protease treatment of the intact outer mitochondrial membrane while other membrane proteins are extensively degraded. It is concluded that this protein, designated the hexokinase-binding protein (HBP), is an integral membrane protein responsible for the selective binding of hexokinase by the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Nanoelectronic Coating Enabled Versatile Multifunctional Neural Probes (2017)

Brain function can be best studied by simultaneous measurements and modulation of the multifaceted signaling at the cellular scale. Extensive efforts have been made to develop multifunctional neural probes, typically involving highly specialized fabrication processes. Here, we report a novel multifunctional neural probe platform realized by applying ultrathin nanoelectronic coating (NEC) on the surfaces of conventional microscale devices such as optical fibers and micropipettes. We fabricated the NECs by planar photolithography techniques using a substrate-less and multilayer design, which host arrays of individually addressed electrodes with an overall thickness below 1 μm. Guided by an analytic model and taking advantage of the surface tension, we precisely aligned and coated the NEC devices on the surfaces of these conventional microprobes and enabled electrical recording capabilities on par with the state-of-the-art neural electrodes. We further demonstrated optogenetic stimulation and controlled drug infusion with simultaneous, spatially resolved neural recording in a rodent model. This study provides a low-cost, versatile approach to construct multifunctional neural probes that can be applied to both fundamental and translational neuroscience.
Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. (1986)

Overemphasis on hypothesis testing--and the use of P values to dichotomise significant or non-significant results--has detracted from more useful approaches to interpreting study results, such as estimation and confidence intervals. In medical studies investigators are usually interested in determining the size of difference of a measured outcome between groups, rather than a simple indication of whether or not it is statistically significant. Confidence intervals present a range of values, on the basis of the sample data, in which the population value for such a difference may lie. Some methods of calculating confidence intervals for means and differences between means are given, with similar information for proportions. The paper also gives suggestions for graphical display. Confidence intervals, if appropriate to the type of study, should be used for major findings in both the main text of a paper and its abstract.
c-Src-dependent Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway by Arsenic (2002)

Environmental or occupational exposure to arsenic is associated with a greatly increased risk of skin, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract cancers in arseniasis-endemic areas throughout the world. Arsenic shares many properties of tumor promoters by affecting specific cell signal transduction pathways responsible for cell proliferation. The activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway is important in mediating gene expression related to regulation of cellular growth. In the current studies, we demonstrate that arsenic activates EGFR and ERK in a human uroepithelial cell line. The EGFR phosphorylation by arsenic is ligand-independent and does not involve the major autophosphorylation site Tyr(1173). c-Src activity is also induced by arsenic and is a prerequisite for the EGFR and ERK activation. Consistent with these in vitro observations, exposure of mice to arsenic in drinking water, which has been found previously to be associated with AP-1 activation and epithelial proliferation, induces EGFR and ERK activation in the urinary bladder. This response is also accompanied with an increase in c-Src levels interacting with EGFR. These findings represent a potential pathway for mediating arsenic-induced phenotypic changes in the uroepithelium.
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Peptidic Radiopharmaceuticals: Reduced Uptake of (EH)<sub>3</sub>-Conjugates in Important Organs (2013)

The biodistribution data suggest that (EH)3 is able to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of peptidic radiopharmaceuticals, leading to reduced uptake in organs such as the liver, an important site of metastatic disease.
Microstructures and properties of copper thick-films fired under nitrogen atmospheres doped with gaseous oxidizers (2003)

The authors studied the effects on copper thick-film systems of several gaseous oxidizers (O/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, N/sub 2/O, H/sub 2/O) injected into nitrogen furnace atmospheres, either throughout the whole furnace or only into its burnout zone. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) examinations of the copper film microstructures correlated with properties such as adhesion, solderability, and resistivity allows the establishment of ideal firing atmosphere conditions for copper thick-film manufacturing: namely, it is necessary to restrict the atmosphere doping to the burnout zone; and oxygen and water vapor are the more effective gaseous dopants. Specific equipment has been developed to control injection of these dopants into the furnace atmosphere.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stress-Strain Prediction of Jointed Rocks using Artificial Neural Networks (2008)

The applicability of Artificial Neural Networks for predicting the stress-strain response of jointed rocks at varied confining pressures, strength properties and joint properties (frequency, orientation and strength of joints) has been studied in the present paper. The database is formed from the triaxial compression tests on different jointed rocks with different confining pressures and different joint properties reported by various researchers. This input data covers a wide range of rock strengths, varying from very soft to very hard. The network was trained using a 3 layered network with feed forward back propagation algorithm. About 85% of the data was used for training and remaining15% for testing the predicting capabilities of the network. Results from the analyses were very encouraging and demonstrated that the neural network approach is efficient in capturing the complex stress-strain behaviour of jointed rocks. A single neural network is demonstrated to be capable of predicting the stress-strain response of different rocks, whose intact strength vary from 11.32 MPa to 123 MPa and spacing of joints vary from 10 cm to 100 cm for confining pressures ranging from 0 to 13.8 MPa.
The Science and Psychology Behind Music and Emotion (2010)

Music has been used for thousands of years as a means of emotional expression. The goals of this paper are to (a) review current literature on how music induces emotion (b) explore the mechanisms of how this happens both physiologically and psychologically and (c) to look at the role of desired effect and musical preference to move towards a general conclusion of what drives listeners’ musical choices. This paper approaches this by looking at structural theories of music including those of Krumhansl (1997) that music has inherent qualities that instill specific responses in the listener. The paper then continues by addressing a Jungian perspective often employed in music therapy. Here, music is used to express what is otherwise inexpressible. The Behavioral Perspective section postulates that music can prime listeners by making them predisposed through associations to feel positive or negative emotions. This theory is carried over to an analysis of music and consumerism where emotional priming can serve as a bridge to an association with a product. The Physiological Effects section explores research on music’s somatic connection indicating that pleasant music reduces stress and may decrease the body’s post-stress responses. The Music and Performance section analyzes the Mozart effect and its potential relationship to the arousal and mood hypothesis, stating that the improved spatial IQ scores recorded in the Mozart effect may have more to do with the arousal generated by all classical music rather than Mozart’s music itself. The paper concludes with an analysis of what drives listeners and the Arnett (1991a; 1991b; 1992) heavy metal studies, which show that music is the way adolescents deal with emotional upheaval and how music can be used as a means of achieving catharsis.
Simultaneous Determination of Four Water-Soluble Vitamins in Fortified Infant Foods by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (2008)

A novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of four water-soluble vitamins, including vitamin B5 (VB5), vitamin B8 (VB8), vitamin B9 (VB9), and vitamin B12 (VB12) in fortified infant foods is developed and validated. A reverse phase UPLC separation system consisting of a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C-18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm i.d., 1.7 microm) and a binary gradient acetonitrile-water mobile phase is applied for the separation of the four water-soluble vitamins. Formic acid is spiked into the mobile phase to enhance the ionization efficiency. Tandem MS-MS analysis is performed in multi-reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Product-ion traces at m/z 220.1 --> 89.9 for VB5, 245.1 --> 227.1 for VB8, 442.3 --> 295.2 for VB9, and 678.9 --> 147.0 for VB12 are used for quantitation of the corresponding vitamins, and traces at m/z 455.5 --> 308.0 are used for methotrexate (internal standard). Limits of quantitation (LOQs) are 0.016, 0.090, 0.020, and 0.019 microg/L for VB5, VB8, VB9, and VB12, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precisions for the determination of the four vitamins are better than 6.84% and 12.26% in relative standard deviations, and recoveries for the four vitamins are in the range of 86.0~101.5%. The developed approach is applied for the determination of the trace amounts of the vitamins in fortified milk powers and fortified rice powers.
Taligent's CommonPoint: the promise of objects (1995)

Taligent has introduced what promises to be a revolutionary software environment. CommonPoint's object-oriented frameworks suggest the tantalizing possibility of "zero-lines-of-code programming".< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sulfoximines: A Reusable Directing Group for Chemo‐ and Regioselective <i>ortho</i> CH Oxidation of Arenes (2012)

Sulfoximines direct: a new protocol for the chemo- and regioselective ortho C-H acetoxylation of arenes in N-benzoylated sulfoximines is reported. The sulfoximine directing group is easily detached from the C-H oxidation product through acid-promoted hydrolysis, isolated, and reused. The meta-substituted phenols are synthesized following this strategy and the stereointegrity of the sulfoximine is preserved in this transformation. C(sp(3))-H acetoxylation of the methyl group is also demonstrated.
Query improvement in information retrieval using genetic algorithms. A report on the experiments of the TREC project (1992)

We have been developing an adaptive method using genetic algorithms to modify user queries, based on relevance judgments. This algorithm was adapted for the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC). The method is shown to be applicable to large text collections, where more relevant documents are presented to users in the genetic modification. The algorithm also shows some interesting phenomena, such as parallel searching. Further studies are planned to adjust the system parameters to improve its effectiveness
Catalytic Systems for the Synthesis of Biscarbonates and Their Impact on the Sequential Preparation of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (2019)

The synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) has recently gained great attention. In this respect, a bifunctional catalyst and an abundant metal catalyst system were investigated for the conversion of polyfunctional epoxides to gain general access to the corresponding cyclic carbonates as monomers for NIPU synthesis. A Ca-based catalytic system and a bifunctional ammonium salt were established for the synthesis of these monomers. In total, 14 terminal polyfunctional epoxides were converted to the corresponding carbonates in yields up to 99% and high purities. With regard to the one-pot synthesis of NIPUs directly from epoxides and CO2, the influence of the catalyst systems was evaluated. In general, both catalytic systems allowed the synthesis of NIPUs in a sequential one-pot procedure yielding polymers with a molecular mass of up to 19 kg·mol–1.
Toward designing asymmetric head gradient coils for high‐resolution imaging (2007)

Abstract The aim of the research described here is to design head gradient coils using approaches previously developed by the authors. The wave equation method for designing gradient coils is used to design a transverse gradient coil winding on a cylindrical/spherical former. The results are compared with asymmetric cylindrical designs and other well‐known head gradient coil designs to establish the quality of the gradient coil winding. Comparisons of field, inductance, torque, and other quality factors are made before conclusions are drawn about the adequacy of such a winding pattern to perform high‐resolution imaging of the head. We show that it is possible to generate a robust winding pattern that has good efficiency and produces a sufficiently large imaging volume. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 1–11, 2007