gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of a Parthenolide-based Drug Regimen That Selectively Eradicates Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells (2016)

Although multidrug approaches to cancer therapy are common, few strategies are based on rigorous scientific principles. Rather, drug combinations are largely dictated by empirical or clinical parameters. In the present study we developed a strategy for rational design of a regimen that selectively targets human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) stem cells. As a starting point, we used parthenolide, an agent shown to target critical mechanisms of redox balance in primary AML cells. Next, using proteomic, genomic, and metabolomic methods, we determined that treatment with parthenolide leads to induction of compensatory mechanisms that include up-regulated NADPH production via the pentose phosphate pathway as well as activation of the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway. Using this knowledge we identified 2-deoxyglucose and temsirolimus as agents that can be added to a parthenolide regimen as a means to inhibit such compensatory events and thereby further enhance eradication of AML cells. We demonstrate that the parthenolide, 2-deoxyglucose, temsirolimus (termed PDT) regimen is a potent means of targeting AML stem cells but has little to no effect on normal stem cells. Taken together our findings illustrate a comprehensive approach to designing combination anticancer drug regimens.
Direct Arylation of α‐Amino C(sp<sup>3</sup>)‐H Bonds by Convergent Paired Electrolysis (2019)

Abstract A metal‐free convergent paired electrolysis strategy to synthesize benzylic amines through direct arylation of tertiary amines and benzonitrile derivatives at room temperature has been developed. This TEMPO‐mediated electrocatalytic reaction makes full use of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction without metals or stoichiometric oxidants, thus showing great potential and advantages for practical synthesis. This convergent paired electrolysis method provides a straightforward and powerful means to activate C−H bonds and realize cross‐coupling with cathodically generated species.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Oral Paliperidone Extended-Release Tablets in the Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia (2008)

Paliperidone ER given once daily for 6 weeks appears to be a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment for patients with acute schizophrenia.
Human Factor IX Binds to Specific Sites on the Collagenous Domain of Collagen IV (1997)

The primary region of factor IX that mediates binding to bovine aortic endothelial cells resides in residues 3-11 of the N-terminal region known as the Gla domain. Recently, it was proposed that the observed binding to endothelial cells is actually a measure of the interaction between factor IX and collagen IV (Cheung, W. F., van den Born, J., Kuhn, K., Kjellen, L., Hudson, B. G., and Stafford, D. W. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 11068-11073). To confirm that factor IX binds to collagen IV and to examine the specificity of this interaction, we used scanning force microscopy to examine factor IX binding to collagen IV. We imaged collagen IV in the presence and the absence of factor IX and observed specific interactions between factor IX and collagen IV. Our results demonstrate that factor IX binds to collagen IV at specific sites in the collagenous domain approximately 98 and approximately 50 nm from the C-terminal pepsin-cleaved end.
Pueden aprender los hijos de los pobres en las escuelas de América Latina (2000)

"This paper reviews the links between education, poverty and inequality in Latin America. Theauthor reviews the study of these relationships from severa/ theoretical frameworks and arguesthat given the significant expansion in access to education in Latin America, and given the highlevels of income inequality it is necessary to examine the extent to which the education systemreproduces social inequality and to what extent in allows social mobility and changes in thesocial structure. The author presents empirical evidence on the education profiles of differentincome and ethnic groups in Latin America. He also reviews the differences by income group ineducation access, repetition rates and completion rates. In discussing this evidence the authoranswers three questions: why do some students never enroll in school? Why do some learnmore than others and why do some drop out before completing primary school? The answers tothese questions are integrated in four dimensions: poverty itself, insufficient access to preschool,inequality in educational quality"
Density dependent regulation of growth in suspension cultures of L‐929 cells (1972)

Abstract Suspension cultures of L‐929 fibroblasts grown to densities of 6 to 10 × 10 6 cells/ml through daily centrifugation and resuspension in fresh media, have been maintained for periods up to five months without change in viability or cell size. DNA synthesis and mitosis in these cultures is limited to 5% of the cells per day, a fraction very nearly equal to the fraction of cells rendered nonviable, most likely during the manipulations associated with medium renewal. The kinetics of the flow of cells into the S and M periods following (a) renewal of the medium and (b) dilution of the high density cultures, suggest that the large majority of the cells are in a G 0 or early G 1 phase, resuming growth readily in response to decreased cell density. This is further indicated by the sequence of the marked shifts occurring in the cell volume distribution spectrum of the high density cultures after dilution. Long term, steady state regulation of growth with retention of intact viability was thus demonstrated in the case of a long established aneuploid cell line. The fact that this occurs in suspension but not in attached cultures, supports the concept that impairment of growth control in such cells affects predominantly regulatory mechanisms located at the cell surface rather than those concerned with intracellular synthesis and metabolism.
Active, self-adjusting L-S band MMIC filters (2005)

We describe the design and measured performance of active, tunable GaAs MMIC band-pass filters and matched closed-loop MMIC control circuits, both fabricated using a standard 1 /spl mu/m foundry process. Separate, 3-section filter circuits covered the 1.34-2.2 GHz and 1.84-2.7 GHz bands, with -3 dB bandwidths of 91/spl plusmn/7 MHz and 123/spl plusmn/12 MHz, respectively, and mean pass-band insertion losses of 0 dB at each tuning frequency. The control circuits generate filter tuning and Q-control bias voltages by tracking a sub-harmonic reference signal. This circuit automatically maintains the filter insertion loss to within /spl plusmn/0.5 dB over more than a 1.3:1 frequency-tuning range, and regulates the center-frequency and insertion loss to within better than /spl plusmn/1.2 MHz and /spl plusmn/0.3 dB over a temperature range of -50/spl deg/C to +75/spl deg/C.
Maternal transfer efficiency and transgenerational toxicity of methylmercury in <i>Daphnia magna</i> (2004)

We examined maternal transfer efficiency, retention by subsequent generations, and transgenerational toxicity of methylmercury (CH3Hg or MeHg) in a population of freshwater zooplankton (Daphnia magna). The effect of dietary MeHg residence time in the daphnids on the efflux system also was quantified. After ingesting a relatively high dosage of MeHg, D. magna exhibited a reduction of live neonates and an increase of undeveloped eggs (or embryos), which reflected the sublethal toxicity of MeHg. The daily maternal transfer efficiency of MeHg to both reproductive outputs ranged from 0.42 to 4.9% over different ages of the parental daphnids, which was dependent on the daily reproductive output. During the lifetime of D. magna, reproduction contributed to 10.8% +/- 1.74% (n = 3) SD of total MeHg loss from the parental daphnids. The percentage of MeHg retention by the second generation (F1) of D. magna (40-60%) was generally higher than that by the parental generation (F0; approximately 25%) after 20 d of depuration. Methylmercury imposed sublethal toxicity to the F0 and F1 generations, but a smaller effect was observed on the F2 generation. Because of the very low MeHg body burden in the subsequent generations, we hypothesized that factors other than MeHg, such as nutritional deficiency in the offspring contributed to the transgenerational toxicity. Different MeHg residence times did not significantly affect the efflux rate of MeHg but did significantly affect the relative importance of reproduction as the elimination pathway for MeHg. Based on the MeHg body burden of neonates, we estimated that MeHg took 2.5 to 3.0 d to be optimally transferred from assimilation (e.g., gut) to the site of egg development (e.g., brood chamber) in D. magna. Our study demonstrated that maternal transfer of MeHg in freshwater zooplankton is an important predictor of MeHg concentration in their offspring and is a time-dependent and highly dynamic process.
Novel polyamidoamine‐based hydrogel with an innovative molecular architecture as a Co<sup>2+</sup>‐, Ni<sup>2+</sup>‐, and Cu<sup>2+</sup>‐sorbing material: Cyclovoltammetry and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure studies (2006)

Abstract An amphoteric polyamidoamine (PAA)‐based hydrogel, named INT‐PAA1, with a novel molecular architecture was prepared and studied as a Co 2+ ‐, Ni 2+ ‐, and Cu 2+ ‐sorbing material. This hydrogel was obtained by the synthesis of a PAA in the presence of a second presynthesized PAA carrying many primary amino groups as side substituents, which acted as a macromolecular crosslinking agent. Therefore, it had an intersegmented structure. INT‐PAA1 exhibited a remarkable sorption capacity and sorption rate for Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Cu 2+ that were advantageously in situ monitored by cyclic voltammetry. An extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy characterization of the Co 2+ /INT‐PAA1 complex was also performed. The very fast and quantitative metal‐ion uptake, made apparent by an intense coloring of the hydrogel, showed remarkable potential for environmental applications such as heavy‐metal detection, recovery, and elimination. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2316–2327, 2006
Interferon regulatory factor 3 inhibits astrocyte inflammatory gene expression through suppression of the proinflammatory miR‐155 and miR‐155* (2011)

Astrocytes, together with microglia and macrophages, participate in innate inflammatory responses in the CNS. Although inflammatory mediators such as interferons generated by astrocytes may be critical in the defense of the CNS, sustained unopposed cytokine signaling could result in harmful consequences. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription factor required for IFNβ production and antiviral immunity. Most cells express low levels of IRF3 protein, and the transcriptional mechanism that upregulates IRF3 expression is not known. In this study, we explored the consequence of adenovirus-mediated IRF3 gene transfer (Ad-IRF3) in primary human astrocytes. We show that IRF3 transgene expression suppresses proinflammatory cytokine gene expression upon challenge with IL-1/IFNγ and alters astrocyte activation phenotype from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory one, akin to an M1-M2 switch in macrophages. This was accompanied by the rescue of neurons from cytokine-induced death in glial-neuronal co-cultures. Furthermore, Ad-IRF3 suppressed the expression of microRNA-155 and its star-form partner miR-155*, immunoregulatory miRNAs highly expressed in multiple sclerosis lesions. Astrocyte miR-155/miR155* were induced by cytokines and TLR ligands with a distinct hierarchy and involved in proinflammatory cytokine gene induction by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, a negative regulator of cytokine signaling and potentially other factors. Our results demonstrate a novel proinflammatory role for miR-155/miR-155* in human astrocytes and suggest that IRF3 can suppress neuroinflammation through regulating immunomodulatory miRNA expression. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Asynchronous ballistic reversible computing (2017)

Most existing concepts for hardware implementation of reversible computing invoke an adiabatic computing paradigm, in which individual degrees of freedom (e.g., node voltages) are synchronously transformed under the influence of externally- supplied driving signals. But distributing these "power/clock" signals to all gates within a design while efficiently recovering their energy is difficult. Can we reduce clocking overhead using a ballistic approach, wherein data signals self- propagating between devices drive most state transitions? Traditional concepts of ballistic computing, such as the classic Billiard-Ball Model, typically rely on a precise synchronization of interacting signals, which can fail due to exponential amplification of timing differences when signals interact. In this paper, we develop a general model of Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Computing (ABRC) that aims to address these problems by eliminating the requirement for precise synchronization between signals. Asynchronous reversible devices in this model are isomorphic to a restricted set of Mealy finite- state machines. We explore ABRC devices having up to 3 bidirectional I/O terminals and up to 2 internal states, identifying a simple pair of such devices that comprises a computationally universal set of primitives. We also briefly discuss how ABRC might be implemented using single flux quanta in superconducting circuits.
T Cell Receptor Ligation Triggers Novel Nonapoptotic Cell Death Pathways That Are Fas-Independent or Fas-Dependent (2002)

Short-term culture of activated T cells with IL-2 renders them highly susceptible to apoptotic death triggered by TCR cross-linking. Activation-induced apoptosis is contingent upon caspase activation and this is mediated primarily by Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interactions that, in turn, are optimized by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-regulated signals. Although T cells from mice bearing mutations in Fas (lpr) or FasL (gld) are more resistant to activation-induced cell death (AICD) than normal T cells, a significant proportion of CD8(+) T cells and to a lesser extent CD4(+) T cells from mutant mice die after TCR religation. Little is known about this Fas-independent death process. In this study, we demonstrate that AICD in lpr and gld CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells occurs predominantly by a novel mechanism that is TNF-alpha-, caspase-, and p38 MAPK-independent and has morphologic features more consistent with oncosis/primary necrosis than apoptosis. A related Fas- and caspase-independent, nonapoptotic death process is revealed in wild-type (WT) CD8(+) T cell blasts following TCR ligation and treatment with caspase inhibitors, the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, or neutralizing anti-FasL mAb. In parallel studies with WT CD4(+) T cells, two minor pathways leading to nonapoptotic, caspase-independent AICD were identified, one contingent upon Fas ligation and p38 MAPK activation and the other Fas- and p38 MAPK-independent. These data indicate that TCR ligation can activate nonapoptotic death programs in WT CD8(+) and CD8(+) T blasts that normally are masked by Fas-mediated caspase activation. Selective use of potentially proinflammatory oncotic death programs by activated lpr and gld T cells may be an etiologic factor in autosensitization.
Automated Data Type Identification and Localization Using Statistical Analysis Data Identification (2021)

This research presents a new and unique technique called SÁDI, statistical analysis data identification, for identifying the type of data on a digital device and its storage format based on data type, specifically the values of the bytes representing the data being examined. This research incorporates the automation required for specialized data identification tools to be useful and applicable in real-world applications. The SÁDI technique utilizes the byte values of the data stored on a digital storage device in such a way that the accuracy of the technique does not rely solely on the potentially misleading metadata information but rather on the values of the data itself. SÁDI provides the capability to identify what digitally stored data actually represents. The identification of the relevancy of data is often dependent upon the identification of the type of data being examined. Typical file type identification is based upon file extensions or magic keys. These typical techniques fail in many typical forensic analysis scenarios, such as needing to deal with embedded data, as in the case of Microsoft Word files or file fragments. These typical techniques for file identification can also be easily circumvented, and individuals with nefarious purposes often do so.
Biological responses to weak 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields must vary as the square of the field strength. (1994)

Under quite general conditions, the biological response j(G) to a very weak continuous 60-Hz electric or magnetic field G is shown to be proportional to the square of the field strength. This conclusion follows from the continuity of the function j(G) and the first three derivatives of j(G) with respect to G over the amplitude of G. That continuity is ensured in nominally discontinuous systems by the presence of thermal noise. I argue the validity of the conjecture that all plausible biological responses to weak 60-Hz fields vary with the square of the field strength. A specific model is used to illustrate characteristic dependencies of biological responses to exposure times.
In-flight transport performance optimization: an experimental flight research program and an operational scenario (2002)

A flight research program exploring the practical application of real-time performance optimization based on aircraft measurements and calculation of incremental drag from forced-response maneuvers is presented. The outboard ailerons of the L-1011 test bed aircraft were modified to provide for symmetric deflections to permit a recambering of the wing in that localized area, which in turn modifies the entire wing load distribution. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration developed an onboard research engineering test station from which the flight experiments are conducted and all analyses, both qualitative and quantitative, are performed in a real-time or near real-time manner. Initial flight test results are presented that indicate real-time drag minimization is attainable. An approach to an operational implementation of adaptive performance optimization on current and future commercial and military transports is discussed with the goal of keeping the required modifications simple and the pilot interface minimal and user friendly.
Dual-modality phantom for evaluating x-ray/echo registration accuracy (2019)

Transcatheter interventions for structural heart disease demand real-time visualization of catheter devices and their relationship to cardiac anatomy. Co-registration of x-ray fluoroscopy with echocardiography has been proposed to provide the necessary device and soft tissue visualization for these procedures. Development of real-time 3D x-ray/echo registration systems with device tracking has been hampered by the lack of a suitable test model. This study presents a phantom that is compatible with x-ray, CT, transthoracic (TTE), and transesophageal echo (TEE) for testing the feasibility and accuracy of new registration solutions. The phantom consists of a 20.3-cm diameter, 15-cm tall cylindrical shell with acoustic windows for TTE and an access port for a TEE probe. The interior contains 24 dual-modality targets, 5-mm in diameter, suspended in a three-turn helix occupying a volume that is similar to an adult heart. An ultrasound-compatible, tissue-mimicking slurry medium fills the remainder of the phantom. The dual-modality targets are agar based with barium sulfate (BaSO<sub>4</sub>) powder and glass beads added to generate contrast in both x-ray and ultrasound. Appropriate concentrations of these additives were determined experimentally with contrast measurements in x-ray, CT, and ultrasound. Selected concentrations were 150 mg/mL BaSO<sub>4</sub> and 100 mg/mL of 53-63 μm diameter glass beads. Average target contrast (± SD) was 16% ± 2% in x-ray fluoroscopy (90 kV) and 1805 ± 99 HU in CT (100 kV). In ultrasound, target CNR was 4.30 ± 0.62 in 2D B-mode and 4.03 ±1.06 in 4D-mode images acquired at a center frequency of 2.8 MHz.
Wettability of Graphite to Liquid Aluminum and the Effect of Alloying Elements on it (1987)

Article Wettability of Graphite to Liquid Aluminum and the Effect of Alloying Elements on it was published on April 1, 1987 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 78, issue 4).
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

he history of computer networks can be traced back to the early 1960s, when voice-grade telephone networks dominated the communication networks. With the increasing importance of computers, as well as the ever-increasing expense of centralized mainframe computers that were growing in size, there was a need to decentralize computer systems. This trend also highlighted the need to connect computers together, by means of computer networks, so that their capacity could be shared among geographically distributed users. Unlike the circuit switching telephone networks, where voice is transmitted at a constant rate between sender and receiver, the traffic in computer networks tends to be bursty. To meet the requirements of data communications, people began to invent more efficient and robust networks, i.e., packet switching networks. The first published work on packet-switching techniques was that of Leonard Kleinrock (Kleinrock, 1961, 1964). The first packet-switching computer network called ARPANET was developed in 1969 and then became the ancestor of today’s public Internet (Kurose & Ross, 2001).
Ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐methylene‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (1985)

Abstract Photochemical and radical polymerization of 2‐methylene‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolane ( 1 ) were carried out leading to the same polyester 2 . By radical copolymerization of 1 with methyl methacrylate using various mole ratios of the monomers, the corresponding copolymers with various contents of ester groups in the backbone were obtained.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit hepatic stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 gene in diabetic mice (1996)

Insulin and dietary fructose independently induce stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene expression in diabetic mouse liver. In the present study, we again used diabetic mice and supplemented a high fructose diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to determine the selective repression of SCD1 gene expression by dietary PUFA, as previously shown in normal mice. We saw dramatic repression of SCD1 mRNA expression, with trilinolenin at 3% and triarachidonin at 1% supplementation. We also observed significant repression of insulin-induced SCD1 mRNA upon supplementation of the noninducing starch diet with PUFA. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that PUFA negatively regulate hepatic gene expression through an insulin-independent mechanism.