gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of the G6-amylase gene from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. H-167 (1990)

The nucleotide sequence of the G6-amylase gene from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. H-167 was determined. The open reading frame of the gene consisted of 2865 base pairs, encoding 955 amino acids. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the G6-amylase indicated that the enzyme had a single peptide of 33 amino acid residues and the mature enzyme was composed of 922 amino acids, giving a molecular mass of 102,598. Identity of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences among each component of the multiform G6-amylase suggested the proteolytic processing of the COOH-terminal side of the enzyme. The DNA sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the G6-amylase gene showed no homology with those of other bacterial alpha-amylases although the consensus amino acid sequences of the active center were well conserved.
Does the efficacy of BCG decline with time since vaccination? (1998)

BCG protection can wane with time since vaccination. There is no good evidence that BCG provides protection more than 10 years after vaccination.
Eleménts de génétique quantitative et application aux populations animales [<i>Elements of Quantitative Genetics and Applications to Animal Populations</i>.] Edited by B. Bibé, B. Bonaiti, J.-M. Elsen, G. Guérin, J. Mallard, E. Minvielle, L. de Mondini, P. Mulsant and H. de Rochambeau. Versaille: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. 1992. 302 pages. Price 135ff. ISSN 0990 06323, ISBN 2 7830 0451 2. (1994)

Eleménts de génétique quantitative et application aux populations animales [Elements of Quantitative Genetics and Applications to Animal Populations.] Edited by B. Bibé, B. Bonaiti, J.-M. Elsen, G. Guérin, J. Mallard, E. Minvielle, L. de Mondini, P. Mulsant and H. de Rochambeau. Versaille: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. 1992. 302 pages. Price 135ff. ISSN 0990 06323, ISBN 2 7830 0451 2. - Volume 63 Issue 1
Design and Synthesis of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Inhibitors (2003)

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide as well as the primary indication for liver transplantation. More than 3% of the world’s population is chronically infected with HCV and there is an urgent need for effective therapy. NS3 protease, a viral enzyme required for propagation of HCV in humans, is a promising target for drug development in this area. This thesis addresses the design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of new HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. The main objective of the thesis was the synthesis of peptide-based protease inhibitors of the bifunctional full-length NS3 enzyme (protease-helicase/NTPase). Three types of inhibitors were synthesized: i) classical serine protease inhibitors with electrophilic C-terminals, ii) product-based inhibitors with a C-terminal carboxylate group, and iii) product-based inhibitors with C-terminal carboxylic acid bioisosteres. The developmental work included the establishment of an improved procedure for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) in the N-to-C direction, in contrast to the C-to-N direction of classical SPPS methods. This inverse method facilitated synthesis of the peptides modified at the C-terminal. The potency of more than seventy newly synthesized inhibitors was assessed in an in vitro assay using the native form of the protease, i.e. the full-length NS3. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) data achieved was different from SAR data obtained from the more widely used truncated NS3 (protease domain) assay, indicating that the helicase domain of NS3 participates in the binding of the inhibitors. The most potent inhibitors identified in this study contained a C-terminal phenyl acyl sulfonamide moiety, i.e. a carboxylic acid bioisostere. It is concluded that the acyl sulfonamide moiety is a promising P1-P1´ spanning entity, which may have potential for use in the development of more drug-like HCV protease inhibitors.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Pentamidine in Plasma (1986)

Abstract A high performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitating pentamidine in plasma has been developed. Sample clean-up involved precipitating plasma with acetonitrile containing the internal standard, hexamidine. The supernatant was passed through a C8 Bond Elut column and eluted with a methanolic solution of sodium 1-heptanesulfonate. The eluate was then analyzed on an Altex C8 column with a mobile phase consisting of 45% CH8CN, 0.02% detramethylammonium chloride and 0.1% H3PO4. Using fluorescence detection (EX: 275 nm and EM: 340 nm), the detection limit was 1.25 ng/ml for 0.5 ml of plasma. The coefficients of variation for interday and intraday were around 10%.
Rapidly accomplished femtomole soluble CD40 ligand detection in human serum: a “green” homobifunctional agent coupled with reduced graphene oxide-tetraethylene pentamine as platform (2015)

A reliable and sensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on a “green” conjunction agent coupled with an amino-group qualified material was used for the analysis of soluble CD40 ligand.
Multipair Full-Duplex Relaying With Massive Arrays and Linear Processing (2014)

We consider a multipair decode-and-forward relay channel, where multiple sources transmit simultaneously their signals to multiple destinations with the help of a full-duplex relay station. We assume that the relay station is equipped with massive arrays, while all sources and destinations have a single antenna. The relay station uses channel estimates obtained from received pilots and zero-forcing (ZF) or maximum-ratio combining/maximum-ratio transmission (MRC/MRT) to process the signals. To significantly reduce the loop interference effect, we propose two techniques: i) using a massive receive antenna array; or ii) using a massive transmit antenna array together with very low transmit power at the relay station. We derive an exact achievable rate expression in closed-form for MRC/MRT processing and an analytical approximation of the achievable rate for ZF processing. This approximation is very tight, particularly for a large number of relay station antennas. These closed-form expressions enable us to determine the regions where the full-duplex mode outperforms the half-duplex mode, as well as to design an optimal power allocation scheme. This optimal power allocation scheme aims to maximize the energy efficiency for a given sum spectral efficiency and under peak power constraints at the relay station and sources. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the optimal power allocation scheme. Furthermore, we show that, by doubling the number of transmit/receive antennas at the relay station, the transmit power of each source and of the relay station can be reduced by 1.5 dB if the pilot power is equal to the signal power, and by 3 dB if the pilot power is kept fixed, while maintaining a given quality of service.
Confusion Network Based Recurrent Neural Network Language Modeling for Chinese OCR Error Detection (2014)

This paper presents a new framework for OCR error detection, which uses a conditional random field model to combine rich features from multiple sources, including confusion networks (c-nets), lexical local context and recurrent neural network language model (RNNLM)1. We propose a novel, efficient method for computing character-level c-net based RNNLM scores by using dynamic programming and c-net partial unfolding. Our experiments show that our error detection model has consistent observable improvements over a high baseline employed by our current OCR demo system, as measured by average precision and detection error trade-off curve on two test sets of Chinese image documents. Both linguistic and recognition features contribute to the high performance, with the former especially informative. In addition, we show that the new feature we proposed, the c-net RNNLM feature, plays a remarkable beneficial role in improving error detection rate. These results suggest that applications on top of image text recognition can benefit substantially from a hybrid strategy that combines techniques from optical character recognition and natural language processing.
Rubber Technology and Manufacture (1971)

Rubber technology and manufacture , Rubber technology and manufacture , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Determination of Total Organic Carbon in Water by Thermal Combustion-Ion Chromatography (1996)

A sensitive method for determining total organic carbon at microgram per liter levels in industrial, environmental, and drinking waters by thermal combustion ion chromatography was developed using tube furnace and readily accessable HPLC equipment. To achieve complete oxidation, persulfate (0.25%) was added to oxidize nonvolatile organic compounds in solution and cupric oxide heated at 900 °C to convert volatile organic compounds to CO(2), which was scrubbed in a 20 mL solution of 50 mM KOH with 10 drops of butanol added. The carbonate anion obtained was determined by nonsuppressed ion chromatography using 0.6 mM potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) as the eluent. Both surfactants and volatile and nonvolatile organic compounds commonly found in environmental waters give highly repeatable recoveries close to 100%. The detection limit (S/N = 2) and linear range for a 1 L water sample are 2 μg of C L(-)(1) and 10-2500 μg of C L(-)(1), respectively, and they can be adjusted using samples ranging from 100 mL to 2 L. Good repeatablity (RSD less than 10%) and close to 100% recoveries were obtained for KHP added to real samples such as deionized, mineral, tap, and river water and seawater. Compared with the ASTM D2579 method, the method developed is 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive, more accurate, and reliable in determining samples with low total organic carbon values and more flexible in adjusting the linear range and sensitivity using variable sample sizes.
HOTAIR: A Promising Long Non-coding RNA with Potential Role in Breast Invasive Carcinoma (2017)

Long non-coding RNAs have different molecular and cellular function. Emerging role of lncRNA as regulatory factors indicate that dysregulation of these transcripts can be involved in variety of diseases such as cancers. HOTAIR is one of the most cited lncRNAs with an oncogenic role in different human malignancies such as breast cancer. So, it could be considered as a potential biomarker in different cancers specially breast tumors. However, the association of this RNA with different features of breast invasive carcinoma is poorly understood. Here, we describe a comprehensive analysis of HO-TAIR alteration in a large cohort of breast tissues and present its association with differ-ent features of breast cancer based on a large cohort of tumor tissues derived from TCGA data. This provides a resource for investigating the HOTAIR in breast invasive carcinoma and lays the basis for the development of new studies considering this lncRNA as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
In Situ Analysis of the Zn(S,O) Buffer Layer Preparation for Chalcopyrite Solar Cells by Zn <scp>L</scp>‐edge X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2009)

Bridging the gap between high-vacuum soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and real systems under ambient conditions probes chemical reactions in situ during deposition and annealing processes. The origin of highly efficient buffer layers in Zn(S,O) is the complex formation between Zn(2+) and the S=C group of thiourea (see schematic), which allows ligand-to-metal and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (LMCT and MLCT).
Röntgenbild und Röntgenbestrahlung bei der Arthrosis alkaptonurica (kasuistischer Beitrag) (1952)

An Hand der Beschreibung eines Falles wird darauf hingewiesen, daß bei der Alkaptonurie die Knorpel- und Knochenschädigung besonders stark an den großen Gelenken und an der Wirbelsäule ist. An letzterer führt sie zu einem hochgradigen, charakteristischen Zusammensinken der Zwischenwirbelscheiben, was ein Kleinerwerden des Patienten bewirkt. Auch intraossäre Alkaptonablagerungen kommen vor. Die Chondromatose macht sich als Leiden meistens erst im vierten Lebensjahrzehnt bemerkbar. Therapeutisch ist die Eiweißzufuhr zu beschränken und reichlich Vitamin C zuzuführen. Starke Beschwerden an den Knie- und Ileosakralgelenken sprachen gut auf Röntgenstrahlen an (80 r. o. D., steigernd bis 200 r bei mehrtägigem Abstand, bis zu 6 Sitzungen).
The Bacterial Twin-Arginine Translocation Pathway (2006)

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is responsible for the export of folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. Substrates for the Tat pathway include redox enzymes requiring cofactor insertion in the cytoplasm, multimeric proteins that have to assemble into a complex prior to export, certain membrane proteins, and proteins whose folding is incompatible with Sec export. These proteins are involved in a diverse range of cellular activities including anaerobic metabolism, cell envelope biogenesis, metal acquisition and detoxification, and virulence. The Escherichia coli translocase consists of the TatA, TatB, and TatC proteins, but little is known about the precise sequence of events that leads to protein translocation, the energetic requirements, or the mechanism that prevents the export of misfolded proteins. Owing to the unique characteristics of the pathway, it holds promise for biotechnological applications.
Nonmonotonic Elasticity of the Crude Oil–Brine Interface in Relation to Improved Oil Recovery (2016)

Injection of optimized chemistry water in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has gained much interest in the past few years. Crude oil-water interfaces can have a viscoelastic character affected by the adsorption of amphiphilic molecules. The brine concentration as well as surfactants may strongly affect the fluid-fluid interfacial viscoelasticity. In this work we investigate interfacial viscoelasticity of two different oils in terms of brine concentration and a nonionic surfactant. We correlate these measurements with oil recovery in a glass-etched flow microchannel. Interfacial viscoelasticity develops relatively fast in both oils, stabilizing at about 48 h. The interfaces are found to be more elastic than viscous. The interfacial elastic (G') and viscous (G″) moduli increase as the salt concentration decreases until a maximum in viscoelasticity is observed around 0.01 wt % of salt. Monovalent (Na(+)) and divalent (Mg(2+)) cations are used to investigate the effect of ion type; no difference is observed at low salinity. The introduction of a small amount of a surfactant (100 ppm) increases the elasticity of the crude oil-water interface at high salt concentration. Aqueous solutions that give the maximum interface viscoelasticity and high salinity brines are used to displace oil in a glass-etched "porous media" micromodel. Pressure fluctuations after breakthrough are observed in systems with high salt concentration while at low salt concentration there are no appreciable pressure fluctuations. Oil recovery increases by 5-10% in low salinity brines. By using a small amount of a nonionic surfactant with high salinity brine, oil recovery is enhanced 10% with no pressure fluctuations. Interface elasticity reduces the snap-off of the oil phase, leading to reduced pressure fluctuations. This study sheds light on significance of interface viscoelasticity in oil recovery by change in salt concentration and by addition of a small amount of a nonionic surfactant.
Tetrasubstituted Cycloöctatetraenes: Catalytic Cyclotetramerization of Propiolic Acid Esters With Tetrakis-(phosphorus trihalide)-Nickel(0) Complexes<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetrasubstituted Cycloöctatetraenes: Catalytic Cyclotetramerization of Propiolic Acid Esters With Tetrakis-(phosphorus trihalide)-Nickel(0) Complexes1Joseph R. Leto and Marilyn F. LetoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 13, 2944–2951Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01474a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (952 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Total Synthesis of [(<i>2S</i>)-Hiv<sup>2</sup>]Didemnin M (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTTotal Synthesis of [(2S)-Hiv2]Didemnin MBo Liang, Matthew D. Vera, and Madeleine M. JoulliéView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 15, 4762–4765Publication Date (Web):June 23, 2000Publication History Received23 February 2000Published online23 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo000253ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo000253abrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cells,Macrocycles,Organic compounds,Organic synthesis,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Homogeneity, Heterogeneity and New Zealand English (2008)

What does it mean for a variety of language to be 'homogeneous' (or 'uniform') and what does it mean for it to be 'pure'? Do the linguistic theories that guide our understanding of new colonial varieties of English really fit what we know about the development of New Zealand English and what we can deduce about the development of New Zealand English? This speculative piece considers the ways in which the myths and the theories may not match as easily as we tend to assume.
設計新的全方面資訊模型預測N-, O-和C-linked醣基化作用位點 (2015)

醣基化是一個重要且常見的蛋白質轉譯後修飾作用，在生物體的各種生理功能扮演重要的角色。醣基化會影響蛋白質的折疊、活性、構造、穩定性等生物特性，其與阿茲海默症和癌症息息相關。因此本研究設計一個新的全方面資訊學習模型，並開發一個預測工具GlycoCI，以預測N-, O-和C-linked醣基化作用位點。模型中針對四個單一類型與一個多類型的model進行探討，並與bootstrap取樣方法進行比較，以證實comprehensive information model的效能。模型建立之初，先在支持向量機 (Support vector machine，SVM)的基礎下，將醣基化序列分別使用Sequence based features、Structure based features和Functional based features共六種特徵進行編碼，進一步在每個model中將不同特徵的組合進行比較，證實分別單一類型的四種models比多類型的model有較佳的效能，為了提升系統的效能，評估了68種的分類器，最後分別以RandomCommittee、MultilayerPerceptron、Bagging和FilteredClassifier在相對應的四個單一類型的models中，有最佳的結果。再與現有的醣基化位點預測網站進行比較，在二組獨立測試資料中，效能以GlycoCI最佳，並進行將蛋白質進行物種和亞細胞位置分析與探討。因此成功地開發一個快速又準確的醣基化位點預測網站供相關研究員使用。
The Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Interface of Phospholipid Membranes Studied by Lamellar X-Ray Diffraction (2003)

We measured the lamellar X-ray diffraction of Dilauroyl Phosphatidylcholine (DLPE) in the form of oriented multilayers, with their water content carefully controlled by vapor pressure. Consistent diffraction patterns were recorded along the 35.0 ℃ isotherm, with the relative humidity varying from » 5% to » 98%, covering both the gel phase and the fluid phase. In the gel phase, each side of the electron density profile showed a main peak and a secondary peak. The separation I(subscript h) between the two peaks was the same for both lipids and constant throughout the gel phase. These two peaks also appeared after the phase transition to the fluid phase, with the same peak separation, I(subscript h) = 4.85 A. A comparison with crystallographic data allowed us to identify the secondary peak as the location of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface. Our study verifies that the molecular structure of the phospholipid headgroup region is the same in the gel phase and the fluid phase. It also provides a formula, which is practically identical to the currently accepted one proposed by other investigators, which gives the membrane's hydrophobic thickness. PACS. 61.10.Eq - X-ray scattering (including small-angle scattering).PACS. 87.15.-v - Biomolecules: structure and physical properties.PACS. 87.68.+z - Biomaterials and biological interfaces.
Increase of progesterone receptor by tamoxifen as a hormonal challenge test in breast cancer. (1980)

In 25 cases of postmenopausal breast cancer, estradiol receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were measured in cutaneous metastatic nodules before and after administration of 30 mg of tamoxifen per day for 1 week. No response was recorded in ER-poor cases. However, in tumors containing greater than 10 fmol ER per mg cytosol protein, 6 of 14 cases showed an increase in PR of greater than 30 fmol/mg cytosol protein. The presence or absence of PR before administration of tamoxifen did not discriminate systematically between hormone-responsive and nonresponsive tumors. These findings demonstrate in vivo that biochemical changes brought about by an agent binding to ER can be observed only in ER-positive cases. In addition they suggest that, in these ER-positive cases responding to tamoxifen by increase of PR, the simultaneous or sequential administration of both antiestrogen (rescuing PR) and progestagen (decreasing PR) may allow better hormonal control of the disease.
Analysis of the Heterogeneity of pO2 Dynamics During Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin¶ (2001)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin provides a reliable way to destroy malignant tissues. Changes in the blood flow and oxygen partial pressure (pO2) during verteporfin-PDT were studied here in the tumor tissue of the rat mammary R3230Ac carcinoma model. Oxygen microelectrodes (6-12 microns tip diameter) were used to measure the transients locally within tumors during intravenous injection of 1.0 mg/kg verteporfin followed by irradiation 15 min later with 690 nm light at 200 mW/cm2, for a cumulative dose of 144 J/cm2. The observed changes in pO2 were heterogeneous and there was a difference in the response of low-pO2 regions relative to higher-pO2 regions. The change in pO2 in hypoxic tissue regions (pO2 < 8 mmHg) had acute pO2 loss after treatment, whereas the response in regions of higher pO2 (> 8 mm Hg) was more heterogeneous with some areas maintaining their pO2 value after treatment was completed. Blood flow measurements taken on a subset of the animals indicated a significant loss in flow during the initial light delivery that remained low after treatment, indicating some vascular stasis. The results suggest that hypoxic or poorly perfused vessels may be more susceptible to acute stasis than normoxic vessels in this treatment protocol.