gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translesion Synthesis past Acrolein-derived DNA Adduct, γ-Hydroxypropanodeoxyguanosine, by Yeast and Human DNA Polymerase η (2003)

gamma-Hydroxy-1,N(2)-propano-2'deoxyguanosine (gamma-HOPdG) is a major deoxyguanosine adduct derived from acrolein, a known mutagen. In vitro, this adduct has previously been shown to pose a severe block to translesion synthesis by a number of polymerases (pol). Here we show that both yeast and human pol eta can incorporate a C opposite gamma-HOPdG at approximately 190- and approximately 100-fold lower efficiency relative to the control deoxyguanosine and extend from a C paired with the adduct at approximately 8- and approximately 19-fold lower efficiency. Although DNA synthesis past gamma-HOPdG by yeast pol eta was relatively accurate, the human enzyme misincorporated nucleotides opposite the lesion with frequencies of approximately 10(-1) to 10(-2). Because gamma-HOPdG can adopt both ring closed and ring opened conformations, comparative replicative bypass studies were also performed with two model adducts, propanodeoxyguanosine and reduced gamma-HOPdG. For both yeast and human pol eta, the ring open reduced gamma-HOPdG adduct was less blocking than gamma-HOPdG, whereas the ring closed propanodeoxyguanosine adduct was a very strong block. Replication of DNAs containing gamma-HOPdG in wild type and xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells revealed a somewhat decreased mutation frequency in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells. Collectively, the data suggest that pol eta might potentially contribute to both error-free and mutagenic bypass of gamma-HOPdG.
Nitrate Transport Is Independent of NADH and NAD(P)H Nitrate Reductases in Barley Seedlings (1989)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has NADH-specific and NAD(P)H-bispecific nitrate reductase isozymes. Four isogenic lines with different nitrate reductase isozyme combinations were used to determine the role of NADH and NAD(P)H nitrate reductases on nitrate transport and assimilation in barley seedlings. Both nitrate reductase isozymes were induced by nitrate and were required for maximum nitrate assimilation in barley seedlings. Genotypes lacking the NADH isozyme (Az12) or the NAD(P)H isozyme (Az70) assimilated 65 or 85%, respectively, as much nitrate as the wild type. Nitrate assimilation by genotype (Az12;Az70) which is deficient in both nitrate reductases, was only 13% of the wild type indicating that the NADH and NAD(P)H nitrate reductase isozymes are responsible for most of the nitrate reduction in barley seedlings. For all genotypes, nitrate assimilation rates in the dark were about 55% of the rates in light. Hypotheses that nitrate reductase has direct or indirect roles in nitrate uptake were not supported by this study. Induction of nitrate transporters and the kinetics of net nitrate uptake were the same for all four genotypes indicating that neither nitrate reductase isozyme has a direct role in nitrate uptake in barley seedlings.
Synthesis of substituted phthalocyanines (2010)

This review summarizes the synthetic strategies for substituted phthalonitriles and phthalocyanines. Preparation of alkyl-, aryl-, halo-, nitro-, alkoxy-, aryloxy-, alkylthio-, arylthio-, and amino-substituted phthalocyanines along with the derivatives of phthalocyanine carboxylicand sulfoacids is overviewed. Influence of the substituents on the position of Q-band in UV-vis spectra of substituted phthalocyanines is also briefly discussed.
Mechanisms of resistance to infection with Coccidioides immitis in mice (1979)

Serum from vaccinated mice was ineffective in neutralizing the infectivity of arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis for recipient mice. However, a T-cell-enriched lymphocyte population was effective in preventing a lethal infection. Spleen cells from immune mice were passaged through nylon wool columns resulting in a T-cell enriched, B-cell-depleted population as shown by the susceptibility of the cell population to anti-theta serum and the inability of the cells to transfer adoptively an immune response to ovalbumin. Whereas transfer of 5 x 10(7) unfractionated immune spleen cells was required to protect 100% of the recipients against a lethal infection with C. immitis, 7 x 10(6) T-cell-enriched immune spleen cells were sufficient for the same level of protection. Thus, transfer of resistance to infection was achieved with fewer cells after the removal of B cells from the transferred spleen cells. The results confirm that T cells are crucial in transferring resistance against infection with C. immitis in mice.
The effects of BleedArrest on hemorrhage control in a porcine model. (2012)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the hemostatic agent BleedArrest compared to control. This was a prospective, experimental design employing an established porcine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage. The minimum number of animals (n=10 per group) was used to obtain a statistically valid result. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups (P>.05) indicating that the groups were equivalent on the following parameters: activating clotting time, the subject weights, core body temperatures, amount of one minute hemorrhage, arterial blood pressures, and the amount and percentage of total blood volume. There were significant differences in the amount of hemorrhage (P=.033) between the BleedArrest (mean=72, SD±72 mL) and control (mean=317.30, SD±112.02 mL). BleedArrest is statistically and clinically superior at controlling hemorrhage compared to the standard pressure dressing control group. In conclusion, BleedArrest is an effective hemostatic agent for use in civilian and military trauma management.
<title>Optical morphological processors</title> (1990)

Optical morphological processor implementations and results are provided using a correlator architecture. The multifunctional MIMD (multiple-instruction multiple-data) advantages of the optical correlator realization used are noted together with the role for optics in the various levels of computer vision. Filter realizations of the morphological structuring elements (SEs) as matched spatial filters (MSFs) are considered. All major morphological processing operations are described and optical laboratory data for many cases are provided to unify much of our prior work on this topic. I .
Beamforming experiment with a DBF multibeam antenna in a mobile satellite environment (1997)

This paper describes a digital beamforming (DBF) multibeam antenna that incorporates a compact digital signal processor (DSP) engine, and the results of using it in a beamforming experiment receiving a satellite signal in a land-mobile environment. A considerable reduction in the scale of the DSP engine has been achieved by using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). To capture a satellite signal arriving from an unknown direction, a two-dimensional (2-D) spatial FFT signal processing provides orthogonal multibeam patterns on the broad side of a planar array antenna. The experimental results demonstrated the features of coarse acquisition and tracking of a signal arrival by selecting the strongest of the beams without assistance from direction finding sensors or microwave phase shifters. The DBF multibeam antenna will provide high-quality communications and increase traffic capacity if it is applied to high-gain mobile antennas or multispot-beam base station antennas in cellular or satellite mobile communications.
Vascular resistance in the prostate evaluated by colour Doppler ultrasonography: is benign prostatic hyperplasia a vascular disease? (2006)

The present results support the hypothesis that an age-related impairment of blood supply to the lower urinary tract might have a role in the development of BPH. Although prostate cancer cannot be excluded by measuring RI, high RI values (>0.75) in the transition zone are indicative of BPH.
Rehabilitation of earthquake damaged external RC beam-column joints (2014)

Post-earthquake inspections of damaged RC buildings have demonstrated that poorly detailed beam-column joints can suffer serious damage. The effectiveness of a rehabilitation method based on joint enlargement using prestressed steel angles to enhance the seismic behaviour of damaged external reinforced concrete beam-column joints was experimentally investigated. Three half scale external RC beam-column joints with seismic and non-seismic reinforcement details were tested before and after rehabilitation by applying lateral cyclic loading of increasing amplitudes. Tested specimens were comprised of one unit having seismic reinforcement detailing and two units having non-seismic reinforcement detailing. Two defects were considered for the non-seismic units, being the absence of transverse steel hoops and insufficient bond capacity of beam bottom steel reinforcing bars in the joint panel zone. The damaged specimens were rehabilitated by injecting epoxy grout into existing cracks and installing stiffened steel angles at the re-entrant corners of the beam-column joint, both above and below the beam, that were mounted and held in place using prestressed high tensile strength bars. The test results indicated that the seismic performance of the rehabilitated specimens, in terms of strength, stiffness and ductility were fully recovered with respect to the performance of the seismically detailed specimen in the initial loading.
Akt1/protein kinase B enhances transcriptional reprogramming of fibroblasts to functional cardiomyocytes (2015)

Conversion of fibroblasts to functional cardiomyocytes represents a potential approach for restoring cardiac function after myocardial injury, but the technique thus far has been slow and inefficient. To improve the efficiency of reprogramming fibroblasts to cardiac-like myocytes (iCMs) by cardiac transcription factors [Gata4, Hand2, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GHMT)], we screened 192 protein kinases and discovered that Akt/protein kinase B dramatically accelerates and amplifies this process in three different types of fibroblasts (mouse embryo, adult cardiac, and tail tip). Approximately 50% of reprogrammed mouse embryo fibroblasts displayed spontaneous beating after 3 wk of induction by Akt plus GHMT. Furthermore, addition of Akt1 to GHMT evoked a more mature cardiac phenotype for iCMs, as seen by enhanced polynucleation, cellular hypertrophy, gene expression, and metabolic reprogramming. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) acted upstream of Akt whereas the mitochondrial target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and forkhead box o3 (Foxo3a) acted downstream of Akt to influence fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte reprogramming. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of cardiac reprogramming and represent an important step toward further application of this technique.
Tales from a 14-Year Old (and Growing…) Application. Part 1: Setting the Stage (2007)

verthepastseveralyears,� muchhasbeenpresentedand� publishedabouttheenabling� relationshipthatmultivariate� modelling,� or�chemometrics,� technologies� hashadwithNIRanalysis.�Manyofthese� worksdemonstratethefeasibilityof,�orlay� thefoundationfor,�variouspracticalapplica- tionsthatcouldprovidesubstantialbenefits� withrespecttocostsavings,�productqual- ity,�improvedsafetyandsecurity,�avoided� capitalexpenditureorenvironmentalim- pact. Inalltheeuphoriaof�whatcouldbe,� what� oftengetsforgottenisthedifficultjourneyof� suchapplicationsfromacademicfeasibility� toeffectivedeployment.� Anoptimistwould� saythattherelativelackofpublicdisclosure� ofsuchdeploymentsisduetotheirpropri- etarynature,�especiallyinhighlycompetitive� industriesinwhichdisclosurecouldresult� inlossofcompetitiveadvantage.�Apessi- mistmightsaythatitisduetothepaucityof� actualNIR/chemometricsdeploymentsthat� areprovidingrealbenefits.� Inanycase,�itis� unfortunatethatmanyofthesestoriesare� nottold,�becauseeachofthemislikelyto� havetheirownspecialandentertainingmix� oftechnology,�politicsand�(yes)�drama. Thepurposeofthiscolumnistotellthe� storyofaspecificapplicationusingNIRand� chemometricstechnologythathasnotonly� beengoingonformorethan�14�years,�but� isalsostill�aliveandwell. 1 �Thisstorywillbe� toldfromtheperspectiveofoneofthemain� characterswhotrulystruggledthroughit,� anditwillbecompletewithsuccesses,�fail- ures,�embarrassmentsandmistakes.� This� willhopefullyallowacandiddiscussionof� someofthetechnical,� socialandpolitical� issuesthat,�Ifeel,�standinthewayoffurther� advancementofthesetechnologiesbeyond� theircurrentscope. BeforeIsetthestage,� thereareseveral�
Dynamic Fuzzy Logic Control of Genetic Algorithm Probabilities (2014)

Genetic algorithms are commonly used to solve combinatorial optimization
problems. The implementation evolves using genetic operators (crossover, mutation,
selection, etc.). Anyway, genetic algorit ...
Oxygen participation induced by increased electron demand (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen participation induced by increased electron demandJoseph B. Lambert and Eric G. LarsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 25, 7546–7550Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00311a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00311a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials for Energy Storage Applications (1999)

A method is described by which the disulfide dimer of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (diDMcT, see Scheme 1) can be oxidatively intercalated into the layered structure of a V2O5 xerogel. This intercalation reaction produces a new organic−inorganic composite material with a layer spacing of 13.5 Å, in contrast to the 11.55 Å spacing for the parent V2O5 xerogel. During this oxidative intercalation, the diDMcT is polymerized to produce a polymer with thiadiazole rings linked by disulfides in the polymer main chain (PDTT, see Scheme 1). The composite material is characterized by UV−visible spectroelectrochemistry, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and electrochemistry. The electrochemical experiments comprised charging (oxidation) and discharging (reduction) of the material, with the bulk of the redox reaction occurring over a broad potential range of 0.5 to −0.6 V versus saturated calomel electrode. The cyclic voltammogram of the composite material shows features that can be attributed to the DMcT−PDTT redox response. However, during or after reduction of the composite, the monomeric DMcT dithiolate appears to be expelled from the V2O5 interlayer region, leading to an evolution of the electrochemical response back to that of the original V2O5 material. Evidence is presented suggesting that the V2O5 host material facilitates the redox reactions of the thiol−disulfide redox couple while it is within the interlayer region.
Rates of Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids in Ethanol<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates of Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids in Ethanol1Robert W. Taft Jr. and Daniel J. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 305–307Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01630a101https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a101research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The development of a functional assay system of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway (2004)

Objective:To develop a Wnt-dependent β-catenin-mediated functional assay system.Methods:To construct a vector,pCMV-bcGFP,which can express the β-catenin and green fluorescent protein(GFP) fusion protein;transfect HEK293 with the vector,select the cells with G418 and LiCl and establish the stable cell line,293-bc-GFP by cloning.Results:293-bc-GFP stable cell line was developed;the background expression of β-catenin-GFP fusion protein was detectable at a very low level in the cell line under fluorescent microscope and via Western blotting analysis;however,the fusion protein was showed to significantly increase in the presence of Wnt1 and lithium.Conclusion:Our results showed that the system is regulated by β-catenin in a Wnt-responsive fasion.Thus,it can be used as a functional reporter to identify potential upstream factors during tumorigenesis,as well as to screen for the potential anti-cancer agents that specifically inhibit β-catenin signaling in human tumors.
Highly Selective and Orally Active Inhibitors of Type IV Collagenase (MMP-9 and MMP-2):  <i>N</i>-Sulfonylamino Acid Derivatives (1998)

Various N-sulfonylamino acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo activities to inhibit type IV collagenase (MMP-9 and MMP-2). When the amino acid residue and the sulfonamide moiety were modified, their inhibitory activities were greatly affected by the structure of the sulfonamide moiety. A series of aryl sulfonamide derivatives containing biaryl, tetrazole, amide, and triple bond were found to be potent and highly selective inhibitors of MMP-9 and MMP-2. In addition, these compounds were orally active in animal models of tumor growth and metastasis. These results revealed the potential of the N-sulfonylamino acid derivatives as a new type of candidate drug for the treatment of cancer.
A multilevel thrust filtration defending mechanism against DDoS attacks in cloud computing environment (2014)

Cloud computing is a technology which not only gained advantages from ascendant technologies, but also suffered from its security breaches, of which availability is the most serious security issue. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a kind of resource-availabilityrelated attack launched with the aim of subverting the Data Centre (DC) for resource unavailability to the legitimate clients. In this paper, we propose ‘Multilevel Thrust Filtration (MTF) mechanism’ as a solution, which authenticates the incoming requesters and detects the different types of DDoS attacks at different levels to detect the most intensive attack at an early stage to prevent the unnecessary traffic reaching the DC. A hybrid solution is proposed to detect four different kinds of attacks that have been taken into consideration. Profit analysis proved that the proposed mechanism is deployable at an attack-prone DC for resource protection, which would eventually result in beneficial service at slenderised revenue.
Well Performance Analysis using 4D Seismic (2009)

Well integrity and reservoir seal integrity are critical parameters for a hazard-free and cost effective production from a hydrocarbon reservoir or injection of into a geologic formation. Still given the natural variability of geo-mechanic properties in the subsurface and limited measurements to constrain these, seal breaches and out-of-target injection around an injector well can occur. In such an adverse situation it is very important to get an overview over the affected area in the overburden, in order to know what kind of corrective measures in the production strategy have to be taken and/or in order to adapt the remaining drilling program for the field to avoid possible over-pressured zones.
Effects of COX-2 and iNOS Inhibitors Alone or in Combination With Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Grafts After Spinal Cord Injury (2006)

These results suggest that, although COX-2 and iNOS exert a detrimental role after spinal cord injury, they may play an important role in the neuroprotective mechanisms induced by OEC grafts after spinal cord injury.
Resource Allocation for Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization in Multi-User Full-Duplex Device-to-Device Communications: Approaches for Perfect and Statistical CSIs (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation problem for multi-user full-duplex deviceto-device (D2D) underlay communication, considering both perfect channel state information (CSI) and statistical CSI scenarios. In perfect CSI scenario, the weighted sum-rate maximization problem under cellular users' minimum rate constraints is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem. To solve the challenging problem, we decouple it into two subproblems as power allocation and channel assignment. Then we proposed a power allocation algorithm based on difference of two convex functions programming and a channel assignment algorithm based on Kuhn-Munkres algorithm, respectively. In statistical CSI scenario, we formulate the resource allocation problem as an outage probability constrained weighted ergodic sumrate maximization problem. To solve the problem, the closed-form expressions of outage probability and weighted ergodic sum-rate are derived first. Then we decouple resource allocation problem into power allocation and channel assignment. An optimization solution that consists of a 2-D global searching and Kuhn-Munkres algorithm is then developed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can improve the weighted sum-rate of full-duplex D2D communications significantly both in perfect CSI and statistical CSI scenarios and confirm the accuracy of our derived closed-form expressions.