gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide and Inflammation (2004)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a very labile molecule of ubiquitous significance in biological systems in general. During the past two decades, NO has been recognized as one of the most versatile players in immune function. This diatomic molecule is normally produced by constitutive NO synthase and plays an important role in physiological regulation of nerve transmission and cardiovascular function. In contrast, an enormous and uncontrollable amount of NO, is synthesized by inducible NO synthase in activated immune cells during inflammation. Although the production of NO in inflammation has been described in numerous studies, the equivocal role for NO in vs. during an inflammatory response is not clearly defined. For example, when produced in excess, NO or its metabolites may not only be cytotoxic to host cells but also mediate local host defense mechanisms. As a result, NO has been nicknamed both “murderer” and “mediator”. This article reviews these two apparently opposing aspects of NO action during infection in the human system. This review deviates from post-1990 authoritative reviews in attempting to highlight important differences in the reaction of NO with oxygen or superoxide when fluxes of NO are dramatically enhanced reactions, which may predominate during active inflammation. This article proposes that in humans, the physiological chemistry of NO and its metabolites allow one to identify which of the many NO-dependent reactions contribute to the modulation of inflammatory response, and may help scientists in the design of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Keywords: nitric oxide, superoxide, nitric oxide synthase, Inflammation
Strong Purcell effect for InAs quantum boxes in three-dimensional solid-state microcavities (1999)

A strong enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate (Purcell effect) has been observed for self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum boxes inserted in GaAs-based pillar microcavities (/spl times/5) and microdisks (/spl times/15) using time-resolved as well as c.w. photoluminescence experiments. We show that the magnitude of the Purcell effect can be quantitatively understood by considering both the Purcell figure of merit F/sub p/ of such cavities (F/sub p//spl Gt/1) and the spatial/spectral distribution of the inhomogeneous collection of atom-like emitters. These results open the way to the development of single-photon devices such as photon-guns or photon-turnstiles, able to emit photons one-by-one in a deterministic way.
Integration of Self-Assembled Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite (La<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>:(ZnO)<sub><i>x</i></sub> Thin Films on Silicon Substrates (2013)

Epitaxial (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)(1-x):(ZnO)x (LSMO:ZnO) in vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) form was integrated on STO/TiN-buffered silicon substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. Their magnetotransport properties have been investigated and are systematically tuned through controlling the ZnO concentration. The composite film with 70% ZnO molar ratio exhibits a maximum magnetoresistance (MR) value of 55% at 70 K and 1 T. The enhanced tunable low-field MR properties are attributed to structural and magnetic disorders and spin-polarized tunneling through the secondary ZnO phase. The integration of LSMO:ZnO VAN films on silicon substrates is a critical step enabling the application of VAN films in future spintronic devices.
Mechanism of Preferential Enrichment, an Unusual Enantiomeric Resolution Phenomenon Caused by Polymorphic Transition during Crystallization of Mixed Crystals Composed of Two Enantiomers (2002)

The mechanism of Preferential Enrichment, an unusual enantiomeric resolution phenomenon observed upon recrystallization of a series of racemic crystals which are classified as a racemic mixed crystal with fairly ordered arrangement of the two enantiomers, has been studied. On the basis of the existence of polymorphs and the occurrence of the resulting polymorphic transition during crystallization from solution, the mechanism has been accounted for in terms of (1) a preferential homochiral molecular association to form one-dimensional chain structures in the supersaturated solution of the racemate or nonracemic sample with a low ee value, (2) a kinetic formation of a metastable crystalline phase retaining the homochiral chain structures in a process of nucleation, (3) a polymorphic transition from the metastable phase to a stable one followed by enantioselective liberation of the excess R (or S) enantiomers from the transformed crystal into solution at the beginning of crystal growth to result in a slight enrichment (up to 10% ee) of the opposite S (or R) enantiomer in the deposited crystals, together with an enantiomeric enrichment of the R (or S) enantiomer in the mother liquor, and (4) a chiral discrimination by the once formed S (or R)-rich stable crystalline phase in a process of the subsequent crystal growth, leading to a considerable enantiomeric enrichment of the R (or S) enantiomer up to 100% ee in the mother liquor. The processes (3) and (4) are considered to be directly responsible for an enrichment of one enantiomer in the mother liquor. The association mode of the two enantiomers in solution has been investigated by means of (i) the solubility measurement and (ii) the number-averaged molecular weight measurement in solution by vapor pressure osmometry, together with (iii) the molecular dynamics simulation of oligomer models. The polymorphic transition during crystallization has been observed visually and by means of the in situ FTIR technique and DSC measurement. Both metastable and stable crystals have been obtained, and their crystal structures have been elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis of their single crystals.
An efficient RMS admission control and its application to multiprocessor scheduling (2002)

A real-time system must execute functionally correct computations in a timely manner. In order to guarantee that all tasks accepted in the system will meet their timing requirements, an admission control algorithm must be used to only accept tasks whose requirements can be satisfied. Rate-monotonic scheduling (RMS) is arguably the best known scheduling policy for periodic real-time tasks on uniprocessors. We propose a new and efficient admission control for rate-monotonic scheduling on a uniprocessor and analyze its performance. This admission control is then modified to provide an admission control mechanism for multiprocessor systems. Experimental results indicate that this new admission control for multiprocessor systems achieves a processor utilization of up to 96% for a large number of tasks and has a low computational complexity. The proposed admission control is also used to derive a new and better multiprocessor schedulability bound for RMS with provisions for periodic servers and for RMS with tolerance to transient faults.
On Correlation (1925)

Research Article| March 30, 1925 On Correlation EDWARD W. BERRY EDWARD W. BERRY Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1925) 36 (1): 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-36-263 Article history received: 16 Jan 1925 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation EDWARD W. BERRY; On Correlation. GSA Bulletin 1925;; 36 (1): 263–278. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-36-263 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract IntroductionThe most important phase of both geologic chronology and stratigraphy is the precision of correlation. Not only is this true, but precise correlation is the only scientific basis of the biological problems concerning the origin, dispersal, and distribution of faunas and floras and particular stocks. Moreover, since distribution and the paths of dispersal constitute the fundamental data of all paleogeographic studies, it is obvious that what might be called historical geology in the largest sense ultimately rests on the success with which correlations are made.Many students in the past have discussed the criteria for correlation from varying points of view, and there have been numerous symposia before the Geological and Paleontological Societies in which particular problems of correlation have been discussed and in which the methods employed were exemplified.I propose to refer but incidentally to some of these earlier discussions, nor is it necessary to attempt a . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
The erbB-2 mitogenic signaling pathway: tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma and GTPase-activating protein does not correlate with erbB-2 mitogenic potency. (1991)

The erbB-2 gene product, gp185erbB-2, unlike the structurally related epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), exhibits constitutive kinase and transforming activity. We used a chimeric EGFR/erbB-2 expression vector to compare the mitogenic signaling pathway of the erbB-2 kinase with that of the EGFR, at similar levels of expression, in response to EGF stimulation. The EGFR/erbB-2 chimera was significantly more active in inducing DNA synthesis than the EGFR when either was expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Analysis of biochemical pathways implicated in signal transduction by growth factor receptors indicated that both phospholipase C type gamma (PLC-gamma) and the p21ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) are substrates for the erbB-2 kinase in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. However, under conditions in which activation of the erbB-2 kinase induced DNA synthesis at least fivefold more efficiently than the EGFR, the levels of erbB-2- or EGFR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma and GAP were comparable. In addition, the stoichiometry of tyrosine phosphorylation of these putative substrates by erbB-2 appeared to be at least an order of magnitude lower than that induced by platelet-derived growth factor receptors at comparable levels of mitogenic potency. Thus, our results indicate that differences in tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma and GAP do not account for the differences in mitogenic activity of the erbB-2 kinase compared with either the EGFR or platelet-derived growth factor receptor in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.
Negative Chemotaxis: A New Approach to Marine Fouling Control. (1975)

A study of chemotaxis in marine bacteria showed that alteration in the chemical structure of attractants had a significant effect on the chemotactic response of the marine bacteria. A number of non-toxic organic compounds repelled bacteria responsible for primary film formation on marine surfaces. Tannic and benzoic acids and acrylamide were most effective. These repellents were applied to surfaces in non-toxic oil-based paint, both in laboratory and field studies. In both cases the repellents retarded the ecological succession leading to fouling of marine surfaces. Bacteria, algae and mollusks were inhibited in our initial studies. More extensive field studies at a number of locations are being initiated. This research indicates that non-toxic repellents have the potential to replace toxic metals as anti-fouling paints.
Genomic-wide cDNA microarray screening to correlate gene expression profile with chemoresistance in patients with advanced lung cancer. (2004)

We conducted a study using cDNA microarray analysis to determine whether expression levels of genes in tumors were correlated with tumor response to chemotherapy. Between September 2000 and December 2001, 47 patients were registered in the study. Eighteen patients had small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and others had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). All patients except three received platinum-based chemotherapy. Sixteen of the 18 patients with SCLC (89%) and 13 of the 29 patients with NSCLC (45%) responded to chemotherapy, respectively. Transbroncheal biopsy specimens of tumors were obtained before chemotherapy. The expression levels of 1176 genes in tumor specimens were analyzed using the Atlas Human Cancer 1.2 Array. When we analyzed the data for correlations between gene expression levels and tumor response to chemotherapy, there was a significant increase in the expression of nine genes in non-responders compared with responders to chemotherapy (p< 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that allogenic inflammatory factor, HLA-DR antigen associated invariant subunit and MHC class II HLA-DR-beta precursor were independent chemo-resistant factors (p<0.0001). When we analyzed the differences in gene expression levels between patients with SCLC and NSCLC, expression levels of one or more resistant genes were increased in comparison with the mean expression of control house keeping genes in five of 18 SCLC patients and 19 of 29 NSCLC patients, respectively (p=0.012). In conclusion, some chemo-resistant genes were detected in the tumor tissue of lung cancer patients using cDNA microarray analysis. A prospective study is required to confirm whether expression levels of these genes reflect chemosensitivity.
Model for Transient and Permanent Error-Detection and Fault-Isolation Coverage (1982)

As computer technologies advance to achieve higher performance and density, intermittent failures become more dominant than solid failures, with the result that the effectiveness of any diagnostic procedure which relies on reproducing failures is greatly reduced. This problem is solved at the system level by a new strategy of dynamic error detection and fault isolation based on error checking and analysis of captured information. The model developed in this paper allows the system designer to project the dynamic error-detection and fault-isolation coverages of the system as a function of the failure rates of components and the types and placement of error checkers, which has resulted in significant improvements to both detection and isolation in the IBM 3081 Processor Unit. The model has also resulted in new probabilistic isolation strategies based on the likelihood of failures. Our experiences with this model on several IBM products, including the 3081, show good correlation between the model and practical experiments.
Redesigning xen's memory sharing mechanism for safe and efficient I/O virtualization (2010)

Xen's memory sharing mechanism, called the grant mechanism, is used to share I/O buffers in guest domains' memory with a driver domain. Previous studies have identified the grant mechanism as a significant source of network I/O overhead in Xen. This paper describes a redesigned grant mechanism to significantly reduce the associated overheads. Unlike the original grant mechanism, the new mechanism allows guest domains to unilaterally issue and revoke grants. As a result, the new mechanism makes it simple for the guest OS to reduce the number of grant issue and revoke operations that are needed for I/O by taking advantage of temporal and/or spatial locality in its use of I/O buffers. Another benefit of the new mechanism is that it provides a unified interface for memory sharing, whether between guest and driver domains, or between guest domains and I/O devices using IOMMU hardware. We have developed an implementation of the new grant mechanism that fully supports driver domains, but not yet IOMMUs. The paper presents performance results using this implementation which show that the new mechanism reduces per-packet overhead by up to 31% and increases network throughput by up to 52%.
Potential roles of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which primarily affects the synovial joints leading to inflammation, pain and joint deformities. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids, both of which inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX), have been extensively used for treating RA patients. Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) is a specific biosynthetic enzyme that acts downstream of COX and converts prostaglandin (PG) H(2) to PGE(2). Among PGES isozymes, microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1) has been shown to be induced in a variety of cells and tissues under inflammatory conditions. The induction of mPGES-1 in the synovial tissue of RA patients is closely associated with the activation of the tissue by proinflammatory cytokines. Although selective mPGES-1 inhibitors have not yet been widely available, mice lacking mPGES-1 (mPGES-1(-/-) mice) have been generated to evaluate the physiological and pathological roles of mPGES-1 in vivo. Recent studies utilizing mPGES-1(-/-) mice have demonstrated the significance of mPGES-1 in the process of chronic inflammation and evocation of humoral immune response in autoimmune arthritis models. These recent findings highlight mPGES-1 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including RA. Currently, both natural and synthetic chemicals are being tested for inhibition of mPGES-1 activity to produce PGE(2). The present review focuses on the recent advances in understanding the role of mPGES-1 in the pathophysiology of RA.
.alpha.-Silyl-Substituent Stabilization of Carbanions and Silyl Anions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Silyl-Substituent Stabilization of Carbanions and Silyl AnionsElizabeth A. Brinkman, Susan Berger, and John I. BraumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 18, 8304–8310Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00097a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00097a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1377Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Essays on Housing Markets and Monetary Policy (2015)

This dissertation consists of three essays on housing markets and monetary policy. The first essay focuses on the impact of monetary policy on U.S. local housing markets and finds that monetary policy has uneven impacts on local housing markets, and that the magnitude of the impacts are correlated with housing supply regulations. The second essay studies the optimal interest rate rule in a DSGE model with housing market spillovers and finds that the optimal interest rate rule responds to house price inflation even when the stabilization of house price is not among the objectives of the policymaker. The third essay is the core of this dissertation. I construct a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in this paper to study the fluctuations in the U.S. housing markets. The model features a market for newly built houses, a secondary market for old houses, and an endogenous term structure of nominal interest rates. Negative technological progress in the housing sector explains the upward trend in house prices over the past four decades. Housing preference and technology innovations explain about 80% of the volatility of housing investment, real price of new houses, and the old-to-new house price ratio. Monetary factors explain about 15% of the volatility of housing investment, but do not significantly contribute to the price fluctuations of either new or old houses. The preference innovation to old houses is the leading determinant of the run-up in the price of old houses relative to the price of new houses during the 10-year period before the Great Recession. The term structure is endogenous in this paper, and the intertemporal preference innovation makes a non-negligible contribution to the variations in nominal interest rates. Housing market conditions do not contribute much to the fluctuations of interest rates, but significantly affect the shape of the yield curve.
Synchronization of FBMC based on CAZAC sequence (2011)

A synchronization algorithm for FBMC is proposed by combination of CAZAC sequence. Using the CAZAC sequence as the pilot symbols, timing synchronization and frequency synchronization of the FBMC system are realized. Considering the effect of fading on the synchronization, the algorithm combining the CAZAC sequence is rational. Computer simulations verify that the estimation error is about 1e-4 under ordinary signal to noise ratio conditions.
Use of high and low frequency dielectric measurements in the NDE of adhesively bonded composite joints (2005)

Dielectric spectroscopy has been developed as a non-destructive technique for assessment of moisture content and structural integrity of adhesively bonded joints. Knowledge of these parameters is particularly crucial for the aerospace industry, since environmental degradation of adhesive joints presents a major limit on their utilization. High and low frequency measurements have been carried out on joints assembled from CFRP adherend, and a commercially available adhesive (AF 163-2K). The samples have been aged in deionised water at 75oC to chart the effect water ingress has on bond durability. In addition, some joints have been exposed to cryogenic temperatures to mimic the conditions joints experience whilst an aircraft is in flight. In this way it has been possible to determine the extent of degradation caused by freezing of water within the joint structure. Dielectric behaviour of the joints was studied in both the frequency and in the time domain. Frequency domain analysis allows the amount and effects of moisture ingress in the bondline to be assessed, whereas the time domain highlights the onset of joint defects with increasing exposure time. Mechanical testing of the joints has been carried out to enable correlation between changes in strength and failure mechanism due to moisture ingress, with changes in the dielectric data. In addition, dielectric studies of the neat adhesive have been undertaken, as have gravimetric and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. These have helped reveal the effects of ageing upon the adhesive layer itself.
Novel Uses of Deferoxamine (1990)

Deferoxamine has been extensively used as chelation therapy in iron-overloaded states. Recently, some investigators have explored the potential usefulness of deferoxamine as an antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive agent. The studies of deferoxamine have indicated that the drug blocks DNA synthesis by inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Deferoxamine has also shown antiinflammatory properties, possibly by inhibition of polymorphonuclear neutrophil function. Analysis of possible antiinflammatory effects of deferoxamine has been complicated by concomitant immunosuppressive effects of the drug. Deferoxamine inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation, both by ribonucleotide reductase inhibition and by preventing the expression of interleukin 2 receptor-alpha chain. The use of iron-chelating agents in non-iron-overloaded patients carries the risk of neurologic, metabolic, and infectious complications. The clinical usefulness of deferoxamine in these novel applications will require careful study of both efficacy and any toxic effects.