gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF CROWN ETHERS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HEXAFLUOROPROPENE AND TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE OLIGOMERS (1977)

Abstract Die Behandlung von Hexafluorpropen mit Kaliumfluorid in Acetonitril bei 20°C ergibt das Dimere (I), mit Cäsiumfluorid als Katalysator entsteht das Dimere (II), das auch mit Kaliumfluorid in Gegenwart von (18)Krone‐6 oder Dicyclohexyl‐( 1 8)krone‐6 erhalten wird.
<i>In Vivo</i> Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Protease Activity by Generation of a Hydrophobic Product from a Noninhibitory Protease Substrate (2011)

This strategy successfully images MMP expression in vivo and may be extended to other proteases to predict patient prognosis and to design personalized, protease-based inhibitors and prodrug-targeted therapies.
Lestaurtinib Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in Hodgkin Lymphoma Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis (2011)

Standard cytotoxic chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has changed little in 30 years; the treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory disease remains challenging and novel agents are under development. JAK/STAT constitutive activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HL. Lestaurtinib is an orally bioavailable multikinase inhibitor that has recently been shown to inhibit JAK2 in myeloproliferative disorders. The potential role of Lestaurtinib in HL therapy is unknown. We have analyzed the effect of Lestaurtinib treatment in five HL cell lines from refractory patients, L-428, L-1236, L-540, HDML-2 and HD-MY-Z. At 48 h, a dose-dependent cell growth inhibition (23%-66% at 300 nM) and apoptotic increment (10%-64% at 300 nM) were observed. Moreover, Lestaurtinib inhibited JAK2, STAT5 and STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced the mRNA expression of its downstream antiapoptotic target Bcl-xL. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of Lestaurtinib treatment in lymph nodes from four classic HL patients. We observed a decrease in cell viability at 24 hours of treatment in three patients (mean decrease of 27% at 300 nM). Our findings provide, for the first time, a molecular rationale for testing JAK2 inhibitors, specifically Lestaurtinib, in HL patients.
High blood pressure arising from a defect in vascular function (2008)

Hypertension, a major cardiovascular risk factor and cause of mortality worldwide, is thought to arise from primary renal abnormalities. However, the etiology of most cases of hypertension remains unexplained. Vascular tone, an important determinant of blood pressure, is regulated by nitric oxide, which causes vascular relaxation by increasing intracellular cGMP and activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKGI). Here we show that mice with a selective mutation in the N-terminal protein interaction domain of PKGIalpha display inherited vascular smooth muscle cell abnormalities of contraction, abnormal relaxation of large and resistance blood vessels, and increased systemic blood pressure. Renal function studies and responses to changes in dietary sodium in the PKGIalpha mutant mice are normal. These data reveal that PKGIalpha is required for normal VSMC physiology and support the idea that high blood pressure can arise from a primary abnormality of vascular smooth muscle cell contractile regulation, suggesting a new approach to the diagnosis and therapy of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Dimensionality and Transcultural Specificity of the Sexual Attraction Questionnaire (SAQ) (2012)

Sexual attraction was considered a component of sexual orientation from the beginning of the second half of the 20th century to present times. However, some recent researchers have studied sexual attraction as an independent field measuring it by the Sexual Attraction Questionnaire (SAQ). This study analyzes sexual attraction through the SAQ in 400 university students from a Peruvian catholic university. These participants -191 women and 209 men- show a very diverse curricular background. The following hypotheses were tested: a) the structure of the SAQ, pointing out two concepts: attraction to men and attraction to women; b) the high inverse correlation between these two concepts or factors; c) the specific impact of this context in sexual attraction: higher percentage of attracted by none of the sexes and lower percentage of attracted to the opposite sex, in comparison with other contexts; and d) the Lippa prediction (2006, 2007), regarding a higher polarization of sexual attraction for men than for women. Results support the first three hypotheses. Clarifications are laid down with regard to the fourth one. Discussion focuses on theoretical and applied advantages of using the SAQ as opposed to the frequent use of a single item of sexual attraction for each sex.
Expression of the 50-kDa integrin-associated protein on myeloid cells and erythrocytes (1992)

Integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a 50-kDa intrinsic membrane protein that is involved in signal transduction during neutrophil activation by a variety of Arg-Gly-Asp-containing ligands. However, IAP does not itself directly bind these ligands, which are instead recognized by the leukocyte response integrin (LRI). In fact, IAP is more widely expressed than the LRI and is even on erythrocytes, which express no known integrins. This suggests that IAP may have additional functions besides signal transduction in association with the LRI. In this work we have quantitated IAP expression on several myeloid cells and cell lines, as well as erythrocytes, using a mAb which recognizes this protein. These data show that there are about 10,000 IgG-binding sites on each erythrocyte and 20 times that number on the myeloid cell lines U937 and HL60. Normal PMN and monocytes express about 25,000 IgG-binding sites. There are twice as many Fab'-binding sites on each cell, suggesting that each IgG binds via both Ag-combining sites. Binding data using several mAb to IAP suggest that IAP undergoes a temperature-dependent conformational change. Unlike some integrin receptors, IAP is not stored in a regulated secretory compartment in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). In addition, there is no evidence for internalization or shedding of IAP upon PMN activation. These data show that IAP is expressed at significant levels on myeloid cells and erythrocytes and that its expression is unaffected by the state of PMN activation.
A deductive data model for query expansion (1996)

We present a deductive data model for conceptbased query expansion. It ]s based on three abstraction levels: the conceptual, linguistic and occurrence levels. Concepts and relationships among them are represented at the conceptual level. The expression level represents natural language expressions for concepts. Each expression has one or more matchmg models at the occurrence level. The models specify the matching of the expression in database Indices built in varying ways. The data model supports a concept-based query expansion and formulation tool, the ExpansionTool, for heterogeneous IR system envirom ments, Expansion is controlled by adjustable matching reliability.
Boundary filters for finite-length signals and time-varying filter banks (2002)

We examine the question of how to construct time-varying filter banks in the most general M-channel non-orthogonal case. We show that by associating with both analysis and synthesis operators a set of boundary filters, it is possible to make the analysis structure vary arbitrarily in time, and yet reconstruct the input with a similarly time-varying synthesis section. There is no redundancy or distortion introduced. This gives a solution to the problem of applying filter banks to finite length signals; it suffices to apply the boundary filters at the beginning and end of the signal segment. This also allows the construction of orthogonal and non-orthogonal bases with essentially any prescribed time and frequency localization, but which, nonetheless, are based on structures with efficient filter bank implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reconstitution of Human <i>Ether-a-go-go</i>-Related Gene Channels in Microfabricated Silicon Chips (2013)

This paper reports on the reconstitution of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels in artificial bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) formed in micropores fabricated in silicon chips. The hERG channels were isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing the channels and incorporated into the BLMs formed by a process in which the two lipid monolayers were folded into the micropores. The characteristic features of hERG channels reported by the patch-clamp method, including single-channel conductance, voltage dependence, sensitivity to typical drugs and dependence on the potassium concentration, were investigated in the BLM reconstitution system. The BLM with hERG channels incorporated exhibited a lifetime of ~65 h and a tolerance to repetitive solution exchanges. Such stable BLMs containing biological channels have the potential for use in a variety of applications, including high-throughput drug screening for various ion-channel proteins.
Synthesis of Zn-Doped AgInS<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals and Their Fluorescence Properties (2012)

AgInS2 nanocrystals have attracted intense attention due to their promising applications in printable solar cells, light-emitting diode (LED), and biological labeling. Although much effort has been made to develop various synthesis methods to prepare AgInS2 nanocrystals, it remains a goal to obtain high quality AgInS2 nanocrystals. In this work, Zn-doped AgInS2 nanocrystals were synthesized by diffusing Zn into the preformed AgInS2 seeds at high temperature in solution. The resulting Zn-doped AgInS2 nanocrystals had well-defined spherical morphology with narrow size distribution. By varying the reaction temperature, the emission wavelengths of the obtained Zn-doped AgInS2 nanocrystals could be adjusted from 520 to 680 nm. The quantum yield of the obtained alloyed nanocrystals could reach 41%, which was reasonably good as compared to those of the previously reported. The obtained Zn-doped AgInS2 nanocrystals showed promising applications in cell labeling.
Targeting NK-1 Receptors to Prevent and Treat Pancreatic Cancer: a New Therapeutic Approach (2015)

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer related-deaths in both men and women, and the 1- and 5-year relative survival rates are 25% and 6%, respectively. It is known that smoking, alcoholism and psychological stress are risk factors that can promote PC and increase PC progression. To date, the prevention of PC is crucial because there is no curative treatment. After binding to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor (a receptor coupled to the stimulatory G-protein Gαs that activates adenylate cyclase), the peptide substance P (SP)-at high concentrations-is involved in many pathophysiological functions, such as depression, smoking, alcoholism, chronic inflammation and cancer. It is known that PC cells and samples express NK-1 receptors; that the NK-1 receptor is overexpressed in PC cells in comparison with non-tumor cells, and that nanomolar concentrations of SP induce PC cell proliferation. By contrast, NK-1 receptor antagonists exert antidepressive, anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory effects and anti-alcohol addiction. These antagonists also exert An antitumor action since in vitro they inhibit PC cell proliferation (PC cells death by apoptosis), and in a xenograft PC mouse model they exert both antitumor and anti-angiogenic actions. NK-1 receptor antagonists could be used for the treatment of PC and hence the NK-1 receptor could be a new promising therapeutic target in PC.
Active antennas for MIMO and beamforming operation (2013)

Data rates in mobile communication networks are increasing dramatically by excessive usage of data traffic and thus driving the tendency for use of adaptive antennas (AAS) for MIMO operation (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and beam forming, procedures for coordinated multipoint transmission (COMP) and tendency to smaller cells. The acceptance of active antennas is very sensitive to the high reliability requirements. Thus the evolution goes step by step from the use of tower top Remote Radio Heads (RRH) to the integration of these radios into antennas and as a logical last step to the distributed transceivers in the antennas (Active Antenna Systems-AAS). These array antennas can be used in different operation modes: Beam forming, Polarization control and MIMO. This paper gives an overview about the actual status of radio integration and typical values for MIMO operation and evaluates the impact of vertical and horizontal steerable AAS on data throughput.
AODV-Based Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2004)

The single path routing protocol, known as the Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector, has been widely studied for use in mobile ad hoc networks. AODV requires a new route discovery whenever a path breaks. Such frequent route discoveries cause a delay due to route discovery latency. To avoid such inefficiency, a multipath routing protocol has been proposed that attempts to find link-disjoint paths in a route discovery. However, when there are two or more common intermediate nodes on the path, the protocol can not find a pair of link-disjoint paths even if the paths actually exist. To reduce this route discovery latency, it is necessary to increase the opportunities for finding a pair of link-disjoint paths. In this paper, we focus on AODV and propose an AODV-based new multipath routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed routing protocol uses a new method to find a pair of link-disjoint paths by selecting a route having a small number of common intermediate nodes on its path. Using simulation models, we evaluate the proposed routing protocol and compare it with AODV and the existing multipath routing protocol. Results show that the proposed routing protocol achieves better performance in terms of delay than other protocols because it increases the number of cases where a pair of link-disjoint paths can be established.
Omnidirectional free-space optical (FSO) receivers (2007)

Free-space optics (FSO) is a technology that utilizes modulated light beam to transmit information through the atmosphere. Line-of-sight connection between both FSO transceivers is a necessary condition to maintain continuous exchange of voice, video, and data information. To date, the primary concentration of mobile FSO research and development has been toward the accurate aligning between two transceivers. This study introduces an advanced FSO receiver that provides wider receiving angle compared with that of conventional FSO systems. We present data from measurements of optical power, which were very promising, and indicated that these advanced FSO receivers are suitable for FSO alignment applications and perform favorably with similar FSO receivers.
Micromechanical fracture strength of silicon (1990)

In order to test the statistical influence of some process and micromachining parameters on the fracture strength of silicon microelements, arrays of identical microsized cantilever beams were bulk micromachined in single-crystalline silicon wafers. The beams were exposed to various surface treatments (diamond polishing with different grades, oxidization, stripping of oxide) in different combinations. The influence on fracture strength was investigated by bending the beams to fracture in a micromanipulator mounted in situ in a scanning electron microscope while registering force-versus-deflection curves. Average fracture strengths, standard deviations, Weibull moduli, crack-initiating flaw sizes, and in some cases elastic moduli were evaluated. Diamond polishing was found to decrease the fracture strength drastically, but polishing followed by oxidization not only restored the original strength, but actually increased it, due to crack healing. Polishing, oxidization, and subsequent stripping of oxide resulted in fracture strengths slightly higher than the original strength. The Weibull modulus was diminished from 10 to 6–9 by the polishing. The initiating flaw sizes were theoretically evaluated, and found to agree with previous results of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies of polished silicon surfaces. The elastic moduli determined were significantly lower (30%–40%) than the corresponding module of pure, single-crystalline silicon, probably due to high dopant contents in the specimens investigated here.
Resource modeling for embedded systems design (2004)

The paper describes a formal framework for designing and reasoning about resource-constrained embedded systems. The framework is based on a series of process algebraic formalisms which have been previously developed to describe and analyze various aspects of real-time concurrent systems. We present a uniform framework for formal treatment of resources and illustrate modeling of common resource classes.
A novel dielectric elastomer actuator based on polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel electrodes (2014)

We firstly demonstrate physically-prepared compliant PVA hydrogel electrodes as a promising supplement in dielectric elastomer actuators. They are capable of conducting high voltages over 5 kV without electrolysis by an electrical double layer effect. The hydrogel electrodes adhere tightly to the dielectric layer, which ensures its structural stability during actuation. All-polymeric actuators fabricated by these electrodes exhibited excellent consecutive working performance over 2960 cycles. The actuation was influenced by applied voltage, ramp rate, electrode elastic modulus and moisture content. A maximum areal strain over 78% was achieved. Tunable transparency, good biocompatibility, long lifetime, low cost and facile fabrication make PVA hydrogel electrode another promising candidate in the fields of sensors, artificial muscles and optical applications.
A Study on the P-I, I-V Characteristics of PEMFC (2009)

Abstract - Recently, researchers are developing a new, clean, renewable and sustainable energy to the industrial areas and the residential areas. Solar cell and fuel cell energy are presented in this paper. The paper shows the P-I and I-V characteristics of fuel cells which are connected in parallel and series. And the voltage drop of internal resistance of the fuel cell decreases with the increasing of the current of the fuel cell. A voltage drop at the internal resistance is increased according to the current, thus the terminal voltage is decreased. The internal resistance is calculated 0.3[ Ω ] from maximum power transfer condition.Key Words : PEMFC, I-V Characteristics, P-I Characteristics, Voltage Drop, Internal Resistance ✝ 교신저자, 시니어회원 : 동신대학교 공대 전기공학과 교수․공박E-mail: yschoi67@dsu.ac.kr * 준 회 원 : 동신대학교 대학원 석사과정 ** 시니어회원 : 전남도립대학 컴퓨터응용전기과 교수․공박 *** 시니어회원 : 동신대학교 공대 전기공학과 교수․공박접수일자 : 2009년 11월 6일최종완료 : 2009년 11月 16일 1. 서 론 현재 지구상의 에너지는 원유, 석탄, 천연가스 등 화석연료를 주 에너지원으로 사용하고 있고 이제 화석연료의 유한성은 누구나 다 인식하고 있다. 지속적인 경제성장을 위해 필요한 화석에너지의 고갈과 국가 정세에 따른 에너지공급의 불안정성, 화석에너지의 사용으로 인한 지구온난화를 해결하기 위해서 화석연료를 대체할 신재생 대체 에너지의 개발이 절실히 필요하다 [1~3]. 화석연료 의존도가 높은 우리나의 경우 국제환경 규제에 의한 온실가스 배출량의 감축 및 동결은 바로 산업활동의 위축을 가져오게 된다. 이에 따라 환경을 국가의 산업생산 활동과 연계시키고자 하는 선진국과의 경쟁에서 많은 어려움이 있을 것으로 예상된다. 뿐만아니라, 이제 신재생 대체 에너지 사업은 단순히 경제적 이익을 위한 것이 아니라 인류 생존의 문제로 인식되고 있다. 화석연료를 대체할 지속가능한 수많은 신재생에너지 자원 중에서 수소는 에너지와 환경문제를 해결할 수 있는 대안으로서 전 세계적으로 관심을 받고 있다. 수소는 전기를 생산하는데 있어 이상적인 보충물을 제공하며, 양질의 에너지를 갖고 있고 탄소를 함유하지 않으며 오염물질을 생산하지 않아 새로운 에너지로서 높이 평가받고 있다 [4, 5].그러나, 수소를 에너지로 이용하려는 연구는 전 세계적으로 수없이 이루어지고 있으나[2], 이용의 편리성, 효율 등에 문제점이 있다. 수소를 에너지원으로 사용하는 여러 가지의 응용분야 중 연료전지는 전기 화학반응에 의해 화학에너지를 전기에너지로 변환하는 장치로, 일반 배터리와는 달리 재충전이 필요 없이 연료가 공급되는 한 계속해서 전기를 만들어 낼 수 있고, 환경오염 물질을 발생시키지 않는 청정 에너지원으로 기존의 일반적인 발전 시스템이 가지고 있는 이상의 여러 가지 장점들을 가지고 있다 [6]~[8]. 연료전지의 연료로는 수소, 메탄올, 천연가스, 가솔린 등이 될 수 있으나, 수소를 제외한 다른 연료는 개질을 통하여 수소를 생산하게 되므로 최종적으로 순수한 수소가 연료로써 가장 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 수소 이외의 연료는 분자식에 탄소가 있기 때문에 필연적으로 이산화탄소가 발생되지만 수소연료전지는 순수한 물만을 배출하므로 완전 무공해이다.수소를 사용하는 고분자 전해질형 연료전지(PEMFC)는 저온(100[℃] 이하)에서 동작하므로 빠르게 시동을 시킬 수 있으며, 부식의 위험이 있는 액체가 없다는 점이 있으며, 또한 에너지 효율과 출력밀도가 높아 주택 및 소규모 복합주거 시설, 수송용 차량, 소형 분산발전 및 휴대용 동력원에 적용 가능한 독립형 연료전지시스템으로 각광받고 있다.따라서, 본 논문에서는 수소로부터 쉽게 전기에너지를 발생할 수 있고 효율을 높이기 위한 기초 연구로서 태양전지와 수소 연료전지가 융합된 시스템의 전압-전류 특성을 측정하였다. 또한 연료전지 전압하강의 원인중 하나인 내부전기 저항에 대하여 검토하였다.
Design for Survivability: Concept Generation and Evaluation in Dynamic Tradespace Exploration (2009)

Published and used by MIT ESD and CESUN with permission. Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration (MATE) for Survivability is introduced as a system analysis methodology to improve the generation and evaluation of survivable alternatives during conceptual design. MATE for Survivability applies decision theory to the parametric modeling of thousands of design alternatives across representative distributions of disturbance environments. To improve the generation of survivable alternatives, seventeen empiricallyvalidated survivability design principles are introduced. The general set of design principles allows the consideration of structural and behavioral strategies for mitigating the impact of disturbances over the lifecycle of a given encounter. To improve the evaluation of survivability, value-based metrics are introduced for the assessment of survivability as a dynamic, continuous, and path-dependent system property. Finally, the survivability “tear(drop) ” tradespace is introduced to enable the identification of inherently survivable architectures that efficiently balance performance metrics of cost, utility, and survivability. The internal validity and prescriptive value of the design principles, metrics, and tradespaces comprising MATE for Survivability are established through applications to the designs of an orbital transfer vehicle and a satellite radar system.
Effects of different us isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on blood and bone marrow parameters of experimentally infected pigs (2002)

Seventy five-week-old, crossbred, caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were randomly divided into five groups of 14 pigs and assigned one of five treatments: the intranasal inoculation of 1 (5.7) TCID50 of one of four plaque-purified isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (VR2385, VR2431, ISU-984 and ISU-22), or uninfected cell culture and media. Haematological variables were measured for 21 days and bone marrow was analysed when the pigs were killed three, seven, 10, 21 or 28 days after the inoculation. The PRRSV-infected pigs had non-regenerative anaemia and markedly increased myeloid:erythroid ratios from three to 21 days after inoculation. There was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in the severity of the anaemia induced by the four PRRSV isolates; the most highly pneumovirulent strains (VR2385, ISU-984 and ISU-22) induced more severe anaemia than the least virulent isolate (VR2431). The anaemia induced by PRRSV was probably due to a direct or indirect effect on erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow.
Cures for numerical shock instability in HLLC solver (2010)

Abstract In this paper, we proposed two methods to cure the numerical shock instability for HLLC Riemann solver in two‐dimension finite volume Euler codes. One method (Ren Yu‐Xin, Computers and Fluids 2003; 32 :1379–1403) uses the rotated method and another one (Hao Wu et al. , submitted) is the hybrid method. Taking into account the efficiency, accuracy and robustness, the hybrid method is better than rotated method for HLLC solver. A series of test problems prove this conclusion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.