gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eyes-free text entry with error correction on touchscreen mobile devices (2010)

We present an eyes-free text entry method for mobile touchscreen devices. Input progresses by inking Graffiti strokes using a finger on a touchscreen. The system includes a word-level error correction algorithm. Auditory and tactile feedback guide eyes-free entry using speech and non-speech sounds, and by vibrations. In a study with 12 participants, three different feedback modes were tested. Entry speed, accuracy, and algorithm performance were compared between the three feedback modes. An overall entry speed of 10.0 wpm was found with a maximum rate of 21.5 wpm using a feedback mode that required a recognized stroke at the beginning of each word. Text was entered with an overall accuracy of 95.7%. The error correction algorithm performed well: 14.9% of entered text was corrected on average, representing a 70.3% decrease in errors compared to no algorithm. Where multiple candidates appeared, the intended word was 1st or 2nd in the list 94.2% of the time.
A Lyapunov approach to incremental stability properties (2002)

Deals with several notions of incremental stability. In other words, the focus is on stability of trajectories with respect to one another, rather than with respect to some attractor. The aim is to present a framework for understanding such questions fully compatible with the well-known input-to-state stability approach. Applications of the newly introduced stability notions are also discussed.
Jet Engine Class 'C' Test Cell Exhaust System Phase. Coanda/Refraction Noise Suppression Concept-Advanced Development. (1979)

The successfully demonstrated Coanda/refraction air-cooled exhaust noise suppressor system is applied to the Navy requirement for an effective air-cooled retrofit configuration for the class 'C' test cells (concrete enclosure). The technical approach consists of analytically sizing retrofit components to meet both acoustic ad aerothermodynamic requirements and then testing at one-sixth scale using simulated afterburning engine exhaust to verify the design configuration. Model variations included exhaust stack height, exhaust stack inner flow passage configurations (straight walls and diffuser) and removal of a concrete internal partition wall. Extensive data were recorded and analyzed to identify the aerothermodynamic trends related to these configuration changes. Results present recommendations for an air-cooled Coanda exhaust noise suppression system for retrofit of Navy class 'C' test cells. (Author)
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of transdermal clonidine in autism. (1992)

Results from this preliminary study show that clonidine was effective in reducing several hyperarousal behaviors and improved social relationships in some autistic subjects. Further studies are needed in a larger autistic population to determine the dose-response relationship of clonidine.
X-Ray Microscopy as an Approach to Increasing Accuracy and Efficiency of Serial Block-Face Imaging for Correlated Light and Electron Microscopy of Biological Specimens (2014)

The recently developed three-dimensional electron microscopic (EM) method of serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) has rapidly established itself as a powerful imaging approach. Volume EM imaging with this scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method requires intense staining of biological specimens with heavy metals to allow sufficient back-scatter electron signal and also to render specimens sufficiently conductive to control charging artifacts. These more extreme heavy metal staining protocols render specimens light opaque and make it much more difficult to track and identify regions of interest (ROIs) for the SBEM imaging process than for a typical thin section transmission electron microscopy correlative light and electron microscopy study. We present a strategy employing X-ray microscopy (XRM) both for tracking ROIs and for increasing the efficiency of the workflow used for typical projects undertaken with SBEM. XRM was found to reveal an impressive level of detail in tissue heavily stained for SBEM imaging, allowing for the identification of tissue landmarks that can be subsequently used to guide data collection in the SEM. Furthermore, specific labeling of individual cells using diaminobenzidine is detectable in XRM volumes. We demonstrate that tungsten carbide particles or upconverting nanophosphor particles can be used as fiducial markers to further increase the precision and efficiency of SBEM imaging.
Nucleated settlement: a view from the frontier (2002)

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the problem of the origin of nucleated villages using a series of case studies from south Cambridgeshire. It also identifies a particular form of dispersed rural settlement which was arranged around large oval basins of meadow land and that appears to pre-date the villages. The wider implications of this are examined.
The reaction of various methoxy-substituted haloarenes with amines and nitriles under aryne-forming conditions (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe reaction of various methoxy-substituted haloarenes with amines and nitriles under aryne-forming conditionsAziz Razzuk and Edward R. BiehlCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 12, 2619–2622Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00388a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00388a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Integration of chemotaxis, transport and catabolism in <scp><i>P</i></scp><i>seudomonas putida</i> and identification of the aromatic acid chemoreceptor <scp>PcaY</scp> (2015)

Aromatic and hydroaromatic compounds that are metabolized through the β-ketoadipate catabolic pathway serve as chemoattractants for Pseudomonas putida F1. A screen of P. putida F1 mutants, each lacking one of the genes encoding the 18 putative methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), revealed that pcaY encodes the MCP required for metabolism-independent chemotaxis to vanillate, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoate, benzoate, protocatechuate, quinate, shikimate, as well as 10 substituted benzoates that do not serve as growth substrates for P. putida F1. Chemotaxis was induced during growth on aromatic compounds, and an analysis of a pcaY-lacZ fusion revealed that pcaY is expressed in the presence of β-ketoadipate, a common intermediate in the pathway. pcaY expression also required the transcriptional activator PcaR, indicating that pcaY is a member of the pca regulon, which includes three unlinked gene clusters that encode five enzymes required for the conversion of 4-hydroxybenzoate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as well as the major facilitator superfamily transport protein PcaK. The 4-hydroxybenzoate permease PcaK was shown to modulate the chemotactic response by facilitating the uptake of 4-hydroxybenzoate, which leads to the accumulation of β-ketoadipate, thereby increasing pcaY expression. The results show that chemotaxis, transport and metabolism of aromatic compounds are intimately linked in P. putida.
Genetic and epigenetic alterations of tumor suppressor and tumor-related genes in gastric cancer. (2002)

Both genetic and epigenetic alterations of tumor suppressor and tumor-related genes involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer are reviewed here, and molecular pathways of gastric carcinogenesis are proposed. Gastric carcinomas are believed to evolve from native gastric mucosa or intestinal metaplastic mucosa that undergoes genetic and epigenetic alterations involving either the suppressor pathway (defects in tumor suppressor genes) or mutator pathway (defects in DNA mismatch repair genes). Methylation of E-cadherin in native gastric mucosa results in undifferentiated carcinomas (suppressor pathway), while methylation of hMLHI results in differentiated foveolar-type carcinomas (mutator pathway). The majority of differentiated gastric carcinomas however, arise from intestinal metaplastic mucosa and exhibit structural alterations of tumor suppressor genes, especially p53. They appear to be related to chronic injury, perhaps due to Helicobacter pylori infection. Approximately 20% of differentiated carcinomas (ordinary-type) have evidence of mutator pathway tumorigenesis. Mutations of E-cadherin are mainly involved in the progression of differentiated carcinomas to undifferentiated tumors. The molecular pathways of gastric carcinogenesis depend on the histological background, and gastric carcinomas show distinct biological behaviors as a result of discernible cellular genetic and epigenetic alterations.
Changes in tubular membrane glycosylation in diabetic, insulin and thyroxin treated rat kidneys. (1996)

The effect of insulin, thyroxine and alloxan induced diabetes has been studied on brush border membrane glycosylation in rat kidneys. Expressed on dry weight basis, the membrane protein was elevated in insulin, thyroxine and diabetic membranes compared to the control group. Sialic acid content of the membranes was significantly reduced in insulin and thyroxine injected animals whereas fucose level was unaffected under these conditions. Brush border fucose content was significantly reduced in diabetic animals but sialic acid content was unaffected. Membrane hexose and hexosamines levels were unaltered by hormone treatments, but in diabetic rats hexosamine level was significantly reduced. The binding of radiolabelled UEA, WGA, PNA to purified brush borders corroborated changes in membrane saccharides. These findings suggest the role of hormones in membrane glycosylation of rat kidney tubules.
Aggregation-induced emission (2011)

Luminogenic materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes have attracted much interest since the debut of the AIE concept in 2001. In this critical review, recent progress in the area of AIE research is summarized. Typical examples of AIE systems are discussed, from which their structure-property relationships are derived. Through mechanistic decipherment of the photophysical processes, structural design strategies for generating new AIE luminogens are developed. Technological, especially optoelectronic and biological, applications of the AIE systems are exemplified to illustrate how the novel AIE effect can be utilized for high-tech innovations (183 references).
An examination of the run-time performance of GUI creation frameworks (2003)

The graphical user interface (GUI) is an important component of many software systems. Past surveys indicate that the development of a GUI is a significant undertaking and that the GUI's source code often comprises a substantial portion of the program's overall source base. Graphical user interface creation frameworks for popular object-oriented programming languages enable the rapid construction of simple and complex GUIs. In this paper, we examine the run-time performance of two GUI creation frameworks, Swing and Thinlet, that are tailored for the Java programming language. Using a simple model of a Java GUI, we formally define the difficulty of a GUI manipulation event. After implementing a case study application, we conducted experiments to measure the event handling latency for GUI manipulation events of varying difficulties. During our investigation of the run-time performance of the Swing and Thinlet GUI creation frameworks, we also measured the CPU and memory consumption of our candidate application during the selected GUI manipulation events. Our experimental results indicate that Thinlet often outperformed Swing in terms of both event handling latency and memory consumption. However, Swing appears to be better suited, in terms of event handling latency and CPU consumption, for the construction of GUIs that require manipulations of high difficulty levels.
A β‐1,4‐Galactosyltransferase from <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is an Efficient and Versatile Biocatalyst Displaying a Novel Activity for Thioglycoside Synthesis (2008)

Helicobacter pylori is a highly persistent and common pathogen in humans. It is the causative agent of chronic gastritis and its further stages. HP0826 is the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the LPS O-chain backbone of H. pylori. Though it was first cloned nearly a decade ago, there are surprisingly limited data about the characteristics of HP0826, especially given its prominent role in H. pylori pathogenicity. We here demonstrate that HP0826 is a highly efficient and promiscuous biocatalyst. We have exploited two novel enzymatic activities for the quantitative synthesis of the thiodisaccharide Gal-beta-S-1,4-GlcNAc-pNP as well as Gal-beta-1,4-Man-pNP. We further show that Neisseria meningitidis beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases LgtB can be used as an equally efficient catalyst in the latter reaction. Thiodisaccharides have been extensively used in structural biology but can also have therapeutic uses. The Gal-beta-1,4-Man linkage is found in the Leishmania species LPG backbone disaccharide repeats and cap, which have been associated with vector binding in Leishmaniasis.
Investigation of the vasoconstrictor action of subarachnoid haemoglobin in the pig cerebral circulation<i>in vivo</i> (1989)

1. Angiographic techniques have been used to study the influence of intracisternally injected haemoglobin on the diameters of the main intrathecal and representative extrathecal (ascending pharyngeal and facial) cranial arteries of the anaesthetized pig. 2. Intracisternal injection of haemoglobin caused concentration-dependent decreases in the diameters of intra- but not extrathecal arteries suggesting that haemoglobin possesses local vasoconstrictor activity. 3. When infused into one ascending pharyngeal artery, acetylcholine (ACh) caused slight dilatation of the intrathecal arteries but no change in the diameters of the ascending pharyngeal and facial arteries. The dilator response induced by ACh in the intrathecal arteries was converted into frank constriction after intracisternal injection of haemoglobin (cerebrospinal fluid concentration approximately 2 x 10(-5) M). 4. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that subarachnoid haemoglobin can induce cerebral artery constriction by acting as an extraluminal 'sink' for intimally released endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage in man.
An unusual problem in vibration damping: the flat tension mask computer tube (2003)

In the flat tension-mask tube recently introduced, the mask is a flat steel membrane only 1 mil (25 mu m) thick, stretched close to its elastic limit. With no air damping, flexural vibrations of this membrane decay slowly and may become noticeable in vehicular applications. Damping such tension-mask vibrations is rendered difficult by three factors: the mask must be kept clear of obstructions, except for a narrow strip along its edges; mask resonance frequencies vary widely during operation, because electron-beam heating of the mask changes with picture content, causing tension to vary correspondingly; and conventional damping materials cannot be used in a vacuum tube. The first two obstacles are overcome by a dynamic vibration damper attached to the mask near its edge in such a way that the resonant frequency of the damper tracks that of the mask. Resistive loading of this damper over a wide frequency range is provided by a flexural transmission line loaded with loose-fitting bushings. The decay time of the fundamental membrane mode is thus reduced from about 10 s to approximately 20 ms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
KINETICS OF LACTIC ACID EXTRACTION WITH QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT (2001)

Extraction and stripping kinetics of lactic acid in extractive fermentation were studied using tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride, a quaternary ammonium salt, as an extractant and oleyl alcohol as a diluent. The kinetic analysis was performed through simulated time course studies of lactate concentration in both the extraction and stripping phases. Dependences of extraction rate on initial lactate and extractant concentrations and those of stripping rate on initial chloride and extractant-lactate complex concentrations were examined. Because diffusion through the organic film was a rate-controlling step, the experimental results of both extraction and stripping could be explained well by a simple equation.
Real-time primary-backup (RTPB) replication with temporal consistency guarantees (2002)

The paper presents a real-time primary-backup (RTPB) replication scheme for supporting fault-tolerant real-time applications. It formally defines two types of temporal consistency, namely external temporal consistency and inter-object temporal consistency. By introducing a key concept called phase variance, the authors are able to build temporal consistency models and derive necessary and sufficient conditions that can be used as the basis for update and transmission scheduling that achieve temporal consistency guarantees. Furthermore, they prove that the term phase variance used in the models can be bounded under various scheduling algorithms, namely EDF, rate monotonic and distance-constrained scheduling. A RTPB implementation was developed within the x-kernel architecture on the MK 7.2 microkernel and the results of a detailed performance evaluation is also discussed.
A new combination feature of S-LBP and main color descriptor for video frame retrieval (2010)

In this paper, we draw Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and main color descriptor into content-based video indexing and retrieval. LBP is a powerful texture descriptor for its tolerance against illumination changes and its computational simplicity. Main color descriptor is used for representing main color distribution of the image. We propose a simplified LBP (S-LBP) operator as the texture descriptor. In most cases, texture distributions that ignore the actual positions or spatial arrangement in the image are not sufficient for representing an image. Therefore, we use zigzag based Run-length coding principle to produce S-LBP patterns histogram. Then we apply the combination of S-LBP feature and main color descriptor to represent an image in video retrieval. The experiment that to retrieval which video a given frame comes from demonstrates the combination method is efficient and effective.
Angiotensin II AT1-Receptor Blockade Inhibits Monocyte Activation and Adherence in Transgenic (mRen2)27 Rats (1999)

This study investigated whether angiotensin II AT1-receptor blockade with losartan inhibits endothelium-monocyte interactions originating from long-term activation of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive transgenic rats [TGR(mRen2)27]. The number of circulating activated monocytes, monocytes adhered to thoracic aorta endothelium, and the extent of endothelial cell injury were compared in adult male transgenic (mRen2)27 and age-matched Hannover Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after 12 days of continuous subcutaneous administration of saline (120 microl/24 h), losartan (10 mg/kg/24 h), or the vasodilator hydralazine (3 mg/kg/24 h). At the doses administered in this experiment, both losartan and hydralazine normalized mRen2 rat blood pressures equal to values in similarly treated SD rats. Compared with saline infusion, administration of either antihypertensive in mRen2 rats reduced (p<0.05) endothelial cell injury, but only losartan significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of activated circulating and endothelium-adherent monocytes. Infusion of antihypertensives in SD rats had no effect on blood pressures, monocyte activity, or endothelial injury compared with saline administration. These findings suggest that the recruitment and infiltration of leukocytes into the subendothelium associated with renin-angiotensin system-induced hypertension is partly mediated by pressure-independent AT1-receptor pathways.
An innovative platform for high-throughput high-accuracy lithography using a single wafer stage (2009)

For 32 nm half-pitch node, double patterning is recognized as the most promising technology since some significant obstacles still remain in EUV in terms of technology and cost. This means much higher productivity and overlay performance will be required for lithography tools. This paper shows the technical features of Nikon's new immersion tool, NSR-S620 based on newly developed platform "Streamlign<sup>TM</sup>" designed for 2nm overlay, 200wph throughput and 2week setup time. The S620 is built basically upon Nikon's Tandem Stage and Local Fill Nozzle technology, but has several additional features. For excellent overlay, laser encoders with short optical path are applied for wafer stage measurement in addition to interferometers. By using this hybrid metrology, the non-linearity of the encoder scale can be easily calibrated, while eliminating the air fluctuation error of interferometer. For high throughput, a method with a new alignment microscope system and a new auto focus mapping, called Stream Alignment is introduced. It makes it possible to reduce the overhead time between the exposures remarkably. The target productivity is 4,000 wafer outs per day. Accuracy is also improved because many more alignment points and a continuous wafer height map without stitching are available. Higher acceleration and faster scan velocity of the stages are also achieved by optimal vibration dynamics design and new control system. The main body, including the projection lens, is isolated by Sky Hook Technology used already on the NSR-SF150 and SF155 steppers, and also the reticle stage is mechanically isolated from the main body. With this new platform, the imaging performance can be maximized.