gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometric identification of indole compounds produced byRhizobium strains (1982)

The following indole compounds have been unequivocally identified and semi-quantitated in culture supernatants of Rhizobium strains by gas chromatography mass spectrometry: indole-3-aldehyde, trytophol, indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-glycollc acid, indole-3-actic acid, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, N-acethyl-L-tryptophan and indole-3-pyruvic acid, as well as indole-3-acetic acid. The strains included a number of chosen Rhizobium mutants defective in various stages of nodule formation, and the biological implications of the findings are discussed. Two alternative approaches to sample purification were taken, one based primarily on solvent partitioning and the other on high-performance liquid chromatography. The advantages of each method are discussed. Gas chromatographic retention times and mass spectra are given for the TMS derivatives of 17 authentic indole standards.
Antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of Piper betle, Areca catechu, Uncaria gambir and betel quid with and without calcium hydroxide (2013)

The betel quid has higher TPC, and antioxidant and cytoprotective activities than betel quid with calcium hydroxide. The quinic acid in betel quid may play an important role in the oral health protection.
Robustness properties of circadian clock architectures (2004)

Robustness, a relative insensitivity to perturbations, is a key characteristic of living cells. However, the specific structural characteristics that are responsible for robust performance are not clear, even in genetic circuits of moderate complexity. Formal sensitivity analysis allows the investigation of robustness and fragility properties of mathematical models representing regulatory networks, but it yields only local properties with respect to a particular choice of parameter values. Here, we show that by systematically investigating the parameter space, more global properties linked to network structure can be derived. Our analysis focuses on the genetic oscillator responsible for generating circadian rhythms in Drosophila as a prototypic dynamical cellular system. Analysis of two mathematical models of moderate complexity shows that the tradeoff between robustness and fragility is largely determined by the regulatory structure. Rank-ordered sensitivities, for instance, allow the correct identification of protein phosphorylation as an influential process determining the oscillator's period. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirms the theoretical insight that hierarchical control might be important for achieving robustness. The complex feedback structures encountered in vivo, however, do not seem to enhance robustness per se but confer robust precision and adjustability of the clock while avoiding catastrophic failure.
Time reversal imaging of obscured targets from multistatic data (2005)

The methods employed in time-reversal imaging are applied to radar imaging problems using multistatic data collected from sparse and unstructured phased array antenna systems. The theory is especially suitable to problems involving the detection and tracking (locating) of moving ground targets (MGT) from satellite based phased array antenna systems and locating buried or obscured targets from multistatic data collected from phased array antenna systems mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The theory is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the multistatic data matrix K and applies to general phased array antenna systems whose elements are arbitrarily located in space. It is shown that the singular vectors of the K matrix together with knowledge of the Green function of the background medium in which the targets are embedded lead directly to classical time-reversal based images of the target locations as well as super-resolution images based on a generalized Multiple-Signal-Classification algorithm recently developed for use with the K matrix. The theory is applied in a computer simulation study of the TechSat project whose goal is the location of MGTs from an unstructured and sparse phased array of freely orbiting antennas located above the ionosphere.
Mechanisms Underlying the Confined Diffusion of Cholera Toxin B-Subunit in Intact Cell Membranes (2012)

Multivalent glycolipid binding toxins such as cholera toxin have the capacity to cluster glycolipids, a process thought to be important for their functional uptake into cells. In contrast to the highly dynamic properties of lipid probes and many lipid-anchored proteins, the B-subunit of cholera toxin (CTxB) diffuses extremely slowly when bound to its glycolipid receptor GM(1) in the plasma membrane of living cells. In the current study, we used confocal FRAP to examine the origins of this slow diffusion of the CTxB/GM(1) complex at the cell surface, relative to the behavior of a representative GPI-anchored protein, transmembrane protein, and fluorescent lipid analog. We show that the diffusion of CTxB is impeded by actin- and ATP-dependent processes, but is unaffected by caveolae. At physiological temperature, the diffusion of several cell surface markers is unchanged in the presence of CTxB, suggesting that binding of CTxB to membranes does not alter the organization of the plasma membrane in a way that influences the diffusion of other molecules. Furthermore, diffusion of the B-subunit of another glycolipid-binding toxin, Shiga toxin, is significantly faster than that of CTxB, indicating that the confined diffusion of CTxB is not a simple function of its ability to cluster glycolipids. By identifying underlying mechanisms that control CTxB dynamics at the cell surface, these findings help to delineate the fundamental properties of toxin-receptor complexes in intact cell membranes.
Acriflavine in the Treatment of Gonorrhoea—An Experimental and Clinical Study (1918)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1918Acriflavine in the Treatment of Gonorrhoea—An Experimental and Clinical Study E.G. Davis and B.E. Harrell E.G. DavisE.G. Davis More articles by this author and B.E. HarrellB.E. Harrell More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)74204-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1918 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 2Issue 4August 1918Page: 257-276 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1918 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information E.G. Davis More articles by this author B.E. Harrell More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Senescence and dysfunction of proximal tubular cells are associated with activated p53 expression by indoxyl sulfate (2010)

Various uremic toxins accumulate in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and one of them is indoxyl sulfate, which accelerates the progression of CRF through unknown mechanisms. The present study investigates how indoxyl sulfate promotes CRF using the proximal tubular cell line HK-2 and CRF rats. Indoxyl sulfate inhibited serum-induced cell proliferation and promoted the activation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, a marker of cellular senescence, and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of fibrosis, through inducing p53 expression and phosphorylation. Pifithrin-α, p-nitro, a p53 inhibitor, blocked these effects. Indoxyl sulfate evoked reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibited indoxyl sulfate-induced p53 expression and phosphorylation, as well as indoxyl sulfate-induced α-SMA expression. We previously demonstrated that although cellular senescence and fibrosis are detectable in the kidneys of CRF rats, the oral adsorbent AST-120 repressed these effects. Here, we found that β-galactosidase, p53 and α-SMA were expressed and colocalized in the renal tubules of CRF rats, whereas AST-120 decreased the expression of these genes. Taken together, these findings indicate that indoxyl sulfate induces the expression and phosphorylation of p53 though ROS production, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cellular senescence and renal fibrosis.
Hematopoietic stem cells from different sources: biological and technical aspects. (1998)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) enumeration is crucial to predict the engraftment potential of a given HSC collection, and currently involves the surrogate count of nucleated cells, CFU or CD34+ cells. However, there is raising evidence that CFU are HSC involved in short-term but not in long-term reconstitution, and that only a small fraction of all CD34+ cells have long term multilineage engraftment potential. In this regard, there is evidence that cord blood (CB), bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) derived HSC are highly heterogeneous for a number of antigens useful for HSC enumeration by flow cytometry. Moreover, there is a raising evidence that a CD34 human HSC might exist. The CD34 HSC has been already described in animals and in human Hoechst 33342 negative HSC. This notwithstanding, clinical data have clearly demonstrated that purified allogeneic CD34+ cells can reconstitute the myeloid and the lymphoid lineages in myeloablated recipients. In the lack of a suitable marker for CD34 HSC enumeration, it is hard to predict the role of CD34 HSC in hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation. On the other hand, these cells might be a better target for HSC expansion and gene transfer.
CO2, brainstem chemoreceptors and breathing (1999)

The regulation of breathing relies upon chemical feedback concerning the levels of CO2 and O2. The carotid bodies, which detect O2, provide tonic excitation to brainstem respiratory neurons under normal conditions and dramatic excitation if O2 levels fall. Feedback for CO2 involves the carotid body and receptors in the brainstem, central chemoreceptors. Small increases in CO2 produce large increases in breathing. Decreases in CO2 below normal can, in sleep and anesthesia, decrease breathing, even to apnea. Central chemoreceptors, once thought localized to the surface of the ventral medulla, are likely distributed more widely with sites presently identified in the: (1) ventrolateral medulla; (2) nucleus of the solitary tract; (3) ventral respiratory group; (4) locus ceruleus; (5) caudal medullary raphé; and (6) fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum. Why so many chemoreceptor sites? Hypotheses, some with supporting data, include the following. Geographical specificity; all regions of the brainstem with respiratory neurons contain chemoreceptors. Stimulus intensity; some sites operate in the physiological range of CO2 values, others only with more extreme changes. Stimulus specificity; CO2 or pH may be sensed by multiple mechanisms. Temporal specificity; some sites respond more quickly to changes on blood or brain CO2 or pH. Syncytium; chemosensitive neurons may be connected via low resistance, gap junctions. Arousal state: sites may vary in effectiveness and importance dependent on state of arousal. Overall, as judged by experiments of nature, and in the laboratory, central chemoreceptors are critical for adequate breathing in sleep, but other aspects of the control system can maintain breathing in wakefulness.
<i>Nef</i> Protein of HIV-1 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of HIV-1 LTR (1988)

In studies of the genetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the product of the nef gene, formerly known as F, 3'-orf, or B-ORF, was a negative regulator of HIV-1 replication. Proviruses with mutations in the nef gene replicated better than their standard counterparts during transient expression, and the mutant virus maintained its enhanced replication even after serial passages in T lymphocytes. The nef protein trans-suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, the replication of wild-type and nef mutant proviruses and the expression of reporter genes linked to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). The repression induced by the nef protein was mediated by inhibition of transcription from the HIV-1 LTR, which contains a far upstream cis element (previously recognized to be a negative regulatory element) between 340 and 156 nucleotides upstream of the RNA initiation site.
Origin of Fibroblasts in Wound Healing (1963)

From the John Collins Warren Laboratories of the Huntington Memorial Hospital, the Robert W. Lovett Memorial Unit for the Study of Crippling Disease, and the Department of Surgery of the Massachusctts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Brain glucose sensing mechanism and glucose homeostasis (2002)

These findings could lead to a better understanding of metabolic disorders, with hypoglycemia possibly being the most deleterious.
Shading Liveable Cities: exploring the ecological, financial and regulatory dimensions of the urban tree canopy (2015)

Recognising the critical role of tree cover in the context of urban resilience and vulnerability, the objective of the Shading Liveable Cities project was to better understand the different factors shaping the provision and maintenance of the urban tree canopy in suburban contexts.
In vitro and In vivo characterization of the transdermal delivery of sertraline hydrochloride Films. (2011)

The obtained results indicated the feasibility for transdermal delivery of sertraline hydrochloride using eudragit RL 100 and HPMC.
Effect of hypometabolism on cell injury. (1986)

Rats were given galactosamine 1 g/kg i.p. Pretreatment with propylthiouracil 14 days prior to intoxication and surgical thyroidectomy 10 days prior to intoxication significantly reduced the elevation of SGOT and GLDH activities and protected against hepatocellular necrosis 28 h after intoxication. T3 and T4 levels decreased significantly within the first 2 days in patients with acute myocardial infarction, while rT3 levels were found to be elevated within this period. TRH and TSH decreased during the first 2 days of the observation period and increased in course of time. The protective role of the "hypometabolic" state is discussed.
Mittelergodische Halbgruppen linearer Operatoren (1973)

utilisation (http://
Characteristics of internet background radiation (2004)

Monitoring any portion of the Internet address space reveals incessant activity. This holds even when monitoring traffic sent to unused addresses, which we term "background radiation. " Background radiation reflects fundamentally nonproductive traffic, either malicious (flooding backscatter, scans for vulnerabilities, worms) or benign (misconfigurations). While the general presence of background radiation is well known to the network operator community, its nature has yet to be broadly characterized. We develop such a characterization based on data collected from four unused networks in the Internet. Two key elements of our methodology are <i>(i)</i> the use of <i>filtering</i> to reduce load on the measurement system, and <i>(ii)</i> the use of <i>active responders</i> to elicit further activity from scanners in order to differentiate different types of background radiation. We break down the components of background radiation by protocol, application, and often specific exploit; analyze temporal patterns and correlated activity; and assess variations across different networks and over time. While we find a menagerie of activity, probes from worms and autorooters heavily dominate. We conclude with considerations of how to incorporate our characterizations into monitoring and detection activities.
Targeting Cadherin-17 Inactivates Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling and Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Gastric Cancer (2014)

Cadherin-17 (CDH17), one member of 7D-cadherin superfamily, was overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC) and was associated with poor survival, tumor recurrence, metastasis, and advanced tumor stage. So far the cellular function and signaling mechanism of CDH17 in GC remains unclear. In this study, we showed that over 66% of GC cell lines (20/30) were CDH17 positive. Tissue microarray (TMA) assay showed that 73.6% Chinese GC tissues (159/216) were CDH17 positive, while 37% respective adjacent normal tissues were CDH17 positive. Knockdown of CDH17 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, adhesion and colony formation, and also induced a cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in AGS human GC cells. On the other side, overexpression of CDH17 facilitated MGC-803 GC tumor growth in nude mice. Antibody array and Western blotting assay demonstrated that knockdown of CDH17 in AGS cells down-regulated integrin β series proteins, further inactivated the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and led to p53 and p21 accumulation, which resulted in proliferation inhibition, cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Collectively, our data firstly demonstrate the capacity of CDH17 to regulate the activity of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway for cell proliferation in GC, and suggest that CDH17 can serve as an attractive therapeutic target for future research.
Studies on Compounds Related to Pyrazine. II. The Reaction of 3-Substituted-2-hydrazinoquinoxalines with Carbonyl Compounds (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Compounds Related to Pyrazine. II. The Reaction of 3-Substituted-2-hydrazinoquinoxalines with Carbonyl CompoundsDen-itsu Shiho and Shoichiro TagamiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 15, 4044–4054Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01500a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Initial synchronization of DS-CDMA via bursty pilot signals (2002)

We consider initial timing acquisition in discrete-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) when propagation is affected by multipath and fading, and where the base-station broadcasts a synchronization pilot signal in the form of bursts of modulated chips transmitted periodically and separated by long silent intervals. Subject to certain simplifying assumptions, we derive the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator by solving a constrained maximization problem. Our ML timing estimator has constant complexity per observation sample. The relation to other estimation methods is addressed, and performance comparisons are provided by simulation. The proposed estimator yields good performance independently of the multipath-intensity profile of the channel, provided that the delay spread is not larger than a given maximum spread. Moreover, our estimator is fairly robust to the mismatch in the fading Doppler spectrum and provides good performance for both fast and slow fading.
Systemic administration of the PARP-1 inhibitor GPI 15427 increases the antitumor activity of temozolomide against metastatic melanoma. (2003)

We previously demonstrated that the antitumor activity of temozolomide (TMZ) can be enhanced at the CNS site by intracerebral injection of a PARP-1 inhibitor that does not permeate the blood-brain barrier [1]. TMA is an anticancer agent with promising activity against metastatic melanoma [2,3]. Here we tested whether systemic administration of GPI 15427, a novel PARP inhibitor capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, could enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of TMZ against melanoma involving the CNS site. The efficacy of the drug treatment was also tetsed against lung metastases.ùMurine B16 melanoma cells were injected intracranially in syngeneic mice. Animals were treated for three days with TMZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.) +/- GPI 15427 (1mg/mouse, i.v.) when neoplastin infiltration of the brain tissue was evident in histological sections. Administration of shortly before TMZ significantly increased life-span of tumor-bearing mice with respect to untreated controls, or to group treated with either GPI 15427 or TMZ only (P<0.0001). The increase in survival detected in the group treated with the drug combination was accompanied by a marked reduction of tumor ingiltration in the brain, as evidenced by histological studies.\nGPI 15427 aslo enhanced the anti-metastatic acitivity of TMZ. In fact, the number of pulmonary metastases obtained after iv injection of B16 cells was significantly lower in mice treated with GPI 15427+TMZ than in those receiving TMZ only (P=0.004).\nIn conclusion, these data indicate that systemic administration of GPI 15427 induces significant enhancement of TMZ anti-tumor activity against melanoma, even at the CNS site.
Ocean current estimated from X-band radar sea surface, images (2002)

Sea surface currents can be derived from X-band radar sea surface images. The basic theory is previously known. However, in practice, the current estimates may be deteriorated by several sources of error. Trials with real radar data previously indicated that some further research was required to obtain reasonable current estimates. A current measurement algorithm has been derived, which compensates for some of the errors. In addition, a novel current measurement algorithm has been derived, using a slightly different approach to the problem, which makes it possible to avoid several of the sources of errors. Signal analysis is used in combination with knowledge about the properties of the three-dimensional image spectrum. The algorithms are tested on real radar data and compared to simultaneous microwave dual-frequency measurements and wind measurements. In addition, the estimated currents are evaluated by comparing to values obtained from the tidal model. Finally, the sea surface current vector field is estimated, with a resolution of 256 m, to provide more detailed information about the current within the radar image, which constitutes an area of many square kilometers.