gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Meta Effect in Organic Photochemistry: Mechanistic and Exploratory Organic Photochemistry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Meta Effect in Organic Photochemistry: Mechanistic and Exploratory Organic PhotochemistryHoward E. ZimmermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 35, 8988–8991Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00140a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00140a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1246Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Post‐translationally modified S12, absent in transformed breast epithelial cells, is not associated with the 26S proteasome and is induced by proteasome inhibitor (2004)

The 26S proteasome, consisting of the 20S core and 19S regulatory complexes, regulates intracellular protein concentration through proteolytic degradation of targeted substrates. Composition of the 19S regulatory complex as well as posttranslational modifications of the 19S subunits can effectively regulate the activity of the 26S proteasome. Aberrant activity of the 26S proteasome affects the cell cycle, apoptosis and other cellular processes related to cancer. Recent data show an additional proteasome-independent role of 19S subunits in transcriptional regulation. S12 (Rpn8), the human homologue of mouse Mov-34, is a non-ATPase 19S regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome. Previous studies have identified phosphorylated S12. In our study, we identify a modified S12 isoform (S12-M) with distinct biochemical properties. The S12-M isoform was found in 6 normal, but not 4 transformed, breast epithelial cell lines. Modification of S12 protein can be induced in vitro by addition of the proteasome inhibitor PSI. Modified and unmodified S12 have similar mass, but different isoelectric points, consistent with phosphorylation. In normal cells, unmodified S12 associates with the 26S proteasome, while modified S12-M does not. Whereas transformed cell line nuclei contain neither S12 isoform, S12-M is predominantly cytosolic in normal cells, with the unmodified S12 present in both the nuclei and cytosol. Together with the role of 19S subunits in transcriptional regulation, homology between S12 and eIF3 and TFIIH subunits, coelution with immunoproteasome subunits, and differential posttranslational modification and nuclear localization, these data suggest a differential nuclear function of modified and unmodified S12 in cancer.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (2000)

After they were first identified in the mid-1980s, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) spread rapidly and became a major problem in many institutions both in Europe and the United States. Since VRE have intrinsic resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics and the ability to acquire resistance to most of the current available antibiotics, either by mutation or by receipt of foreign genetic material, they have a selective advantage over other microorganisms in the intestinal flora and pose a major therapeutic challenge. The possibility of transfer of vancomycin resistance genes to other gram-positive organisms raises significant concerns about the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We review VRE, including their history, mechanisms of resistance, epidemiology, control measures, and treatment.
Reconstruction of MRI signal losses in EPI images (2005)

This paper derives and implements a method for recovering MRI signal losses caused by susceptibility-induced magnetic field gradients (SFGs) in regions with large static field inhomogeneities in echo-planar imaging (EPI). Factor to account for SFGs was added in a traditional EPI equation, which was a simple Fourier transform (FT) for expressing the actual k-space data of an EPI scan. The inverse calculation of this "distorted EPI" equation was used as a kernel to correct reduction in intensity during reconstruction. A step-by-step EPI reconstruction method is proposed to avoid complicated phase unwrapping problems.
Variable-structured robust controller by fuzzy logic for servomotors (1993)

A variable-structure robust controller whose structure is continuously changed by fuzzy logic so that the system responds quickly if the error or its rate is large and vice versa is proposed. Such a controller is insensitive to both the plant noise and the observation noise. It is applied to speed control for an induction servomotor. Experiments show that the controller is superior to both a sliding-mode controller and a proportional integral-derivative (PID) controller. The paper includes the stability analysis of the overall system and the design procedure by using Lyapunov's method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
All-near-infrared multiphoton microscopy interrogates intact tissues at deeper imaging depths than conventional single- and two-photon near-infrared excitation microscopes (2013)

The era of molecular medicine has ushered in the development of microscopic methods that can report molecular processes in thick tissues with high spatial resolution. A commonality in deep-tissue microscopy is the use of near-infrared (NIR) lasers with single- or multiphoton excitations. However, the relationship between different NIR excitation microscopic techniques and the imaging depths in tissue has not been established. We compared such depth limits for three NIR excitation techniques: NIR single-photon confocal microscopy (NIR SPCM), NIR multiphoton excitation with visible detection (NIR/VIS MPM), and all-NIR multiphoton excitation with NIR detection (NIR/NIR MPM). Homologous cyanine dyes provided the fluorescence. Intact kidneys were harvested after administration of kidney-clearing cyanine dyes in mice. NIR SPCM and NIR/VIS MPM achieved similar maximum imaging depth of ∼100 μm. The NIR/NIR MPM enabled greater than fivefold imaging depth (>500 μm) using the harvested kidneys. Although the NIR/NIR MPM used 1550-nm excitation where water absorption is relatively high, cell viability and histology studies demonstrate that the laser did not induce photothermal damage at the low laser powers used for the kidney imaging. This study provides guidance on the imaging depth capabilities of NIR excitation-based microscopic techniques and reveals the potential to multiplex information using these platforms.
Adhesion of Polished Quartz Crystals under Ultrahigh Vacuum (1965)

First Page
Description of a new lithistid sponge from northeastern New Zealand, and consideration of the phylogenetic affinities of families Corallistidae and Neopeltidae (2000)

Kelly, Michelle (2000): Description of a new lithistid sponge from northeastern New Zealand, and consideration of the phylogenetic affinities of families Corallistidae and Neopeltidae. Zoosystema 22 (2): 265-283, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5400196
Brain natriuretic peptide as a predictor of delayed atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (2009)

High plasma BNP level should be a strong predictor of delayed AF after ischaemic stroke or TIA.
Femtosecond laser ablation of silicon (100) with thermal oxide thin films of varying thickness (2005)

Femtosecond laser ablation of silicon (100) with thermal oxide thin films was studied in order to further understand the ablative properties of thin films and to evaluate their influence on the ablation of the substrate.
On the Quantitative Potential of Viscoelastic Response (VisR) Ultrasound Using the One-Dimensional Mass-Spring-Damper Model (2020)

Viscoelastic Response (VisR) ultrasound is an acoustic radiation force (ARF)-based imaging method that fits induced displacements to a one-dimensional (1D) mass-spring-damper (MSD) model to estimate the ratio of viscous to elastic moduli, τ, in viscoelastic materials. Error in VisR τ estimation arises from inertia and acoustic displacement underestimation. These error sources are herein evaluated using finite element method (FEM) simulations, error correction methods are developed, and corrected VisR τ estimates are compared to true simulated τ values to assess VisR’s relevance to quantifying viscoelasticity. In regards to inertia, adding a mass term in series with the Voigt model, to achieve the MSD model, accounts for inertia due to tissue mass when ideal point force excitations are used. However, when volumetric ARF excitations are applied, the induced complex system inertia is not described by the single-degree-of-freedom MSD model, causing VisR to overestimate τ. Regarding acoustic displacement underestimation, associated deformation of ARF-induced displacement profiles further distorts VisR τ estimates. However, median error in VisR τ is reduced to approximately −10% using empirically derived error correction functions applied to simulated viscoelastic materials with viscous and elastic properties representative of tissue. The feasibility of corrected VisR imaging is then demonstrated in vivo in the rectus femoris muscle of an adult with no known neuromuscular disorders. These results suggest VisR’s potential relevance to quantifying viscoelastic properties clinically.
Combined actively and passively Q-switched microchip laser (1998)

Until now active or passive Q-switching have been used to achieve highly energetic laser pulses. Both these pulsing techniques have advantages as well as drawbacks. Passive Q- switching is extremely simple and need no electronic driving, but the emitted pulse has a large time jitter (100 ns to 1 ms) between the emitted pulses, which is detrimental in many applications. Active Q-switching on the other hand require advanced high voltage drive electronics which consume a substantial amount of electrical power, but the emitted pulse train is normally clean and well-behaved. In this paper we propose and demonstrate a novel Q-switched diode-pumped solid- state laser design, which combines the advantages of active and passive Q-switching, resulting in low time jitter as well as simple drive electronics with low power consumption. The plane-plane diode pumped laser consisted of a 0.5 mm long 3% Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>:YVO<SUB>4</SUB> crystal acting as the gain medium, with the first mirror directly coated on the input face. The laser chip was followed by the active modulator, a 2 mm long z-cut LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> crystal, which in turn was followed by the saturable absorber, a 0.6 mm thick Cr<SUP>4+</SUP>:YAG crystal, and the output mirror. All elements were optically bonded together and the total cavity length including mirrors was 3.5 mm. The monolithic laser has a low jitter, here limited by our driving electronics to 85 ps, at a switching voltage of 300 V, compared to the V<SUB>(pi</SUB> ) of 5.2 kV. The pulse length is only 3 ns when the laser operates in combined Q-switched mode and 12 ns when passively Q-switched. In addition, multiple pulses caused by the active modulator is suppressed by the saturable absorber.
Gadolinium‐labeled liposomes containing paramagnetic amphipathic agents: Targeted MRI contrast agents for the liver (1988)

Unique paramagnetic liposomal contrast agents were synthesized and utilized for selective augmentation of T1 MR imaging of the livers of normal Balb/c mice. Amphipathic gadolinium complexes, which mimic phospholipids, were incorporated into the lamella of small unilamellar liposomes (SUV) such that they became an integral part of its surface. T1 signal enhancement of normal liver approached 150% after iv administration of the paramagnetic liposomes, determined by experiments performed on a 1.9-T, experimental whole-body MRI unit. Tracer studies utilizing gadolinium-153-tagged SUV revealed that the agents exhibited excellent in vivo stability, compared to liposomal preparations in which paramagnetic agents are simply entrapped in the aqueous core of the liposome vesicle.
Bayesian Semiparametric Analysis of Developmental Toxicology Data (2001)

Summary. Modeling of developmental toxicity studies often requires simple parametric analyses of the dose‐response relationship between exposure and probability of a birth defect but poses challenges because of nonstandard distributions of birth defects for a fixed level of exposure. This article is motivated by two such experiments in which the distribution of the outcome variable is challenging to both the standard logistic model with binomial response and its parametric multistage elaborations. We approach our analysis using a Bayesian semiparametric model that we tailored specifically to developmental toxicology studies. It combines parametric dose‐response relationships with a flexible nonparametric specification of the distribution of the response, obtained via a product of Dirichlet process mixtures approach (PDPM). Our formulation achieves three goals: (1) the distribution of the response is modeled in a general way, (2) the degree to which the distribution of the response adapts nonparametrically to the observations is driven by the data, and (3) the marginal posterior distribution of the parameters of interest is available in closed form. The logistic regression model, as well as many of its extensions such as the beta‐binomial model and finite mixture models, are special cases. In the context of the two motivating examples and a simulated example, we provide model comparisons, illustrate overdispersion diagnostics that can assist model specification, show how to derive posterior distributions of the effective dose parameters and predictive distributions of response, and discuss the sensitivity of the results to the choice of the prior distribution.
Properties of Thermal Oxides Grown on Phosphorus In Situ Doped Polysilicon (1983)

The oxidation characteristics and the electrical conductivity and breakdown of thin oxides grown on phosphorus in situ doped polysilicon are reported. Breakdown fields of 8 mV/cm and leakage currents as low as at 3.5 MV/cm were measured for 400‐to 1200Å oxides grown thermally at 1000°C in dry on phosphorus in situ doped films deposited at 600°C. The oxides grown on the 600°C polysilicon films are superior to the oxides grown on the 640°C polysilicon films. The high breakdown fields and low leakage currents are related to the film structure and surface morphology as revealed by SEM and TEM micrographs.
HYPERSPECTRAL LASERS FOR SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEAR-INFRARED (2009)

This project develops hyperspectral lasers that are built using fiber-optic cavities and\nbroadband semiconductor gain media. These sources are custom designed for high-speed\n(typically 30 kHz) spectroscopic sensing applications, such as thermometry based on H2O\nabsorption spectroscopy in harsh, combusting environments that are generally not conducive\nto more conventional thermometry techniques.\nNovel time- and frequency-division multiplexed lasers are introduced that either scan\ncontinuously over chosen wavelength ranges or switch among discrete wavelengths. One\nexample is a laser that scans through a 0.1-4 nm range centered near 1350 nm every 10 ?s; it\nis an advanced Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser that offers ultra low intensity\nnoise and a significantly narrowed spectral linewidth compared to typical FDML\nperformance. Another example is a discrete time-division multiplexed laser that cycles\nthrough 19 spectrally narrow wavelengths in a 44-nm-wide spectral band (1333?1377 nm)\nevery 15 ?s, where each wavelength can be aligned to a specific absorption feature.\nSuch engineered lasers are changing the way one looks at solving spectroscopic sensing\nproblems as these sources can be custom designed to address a particular problem instead of\nmaking decisions based on the availability of light sources in the marketplace.
35 μm pitch at ULIS, a breakthrough (2005)

This paper reviews ULIS’progress, on 35 μm pitch, in amorphous silicon uncooled microbolometer focal plane (UFPA) technology and product development over the last year. The ULIS FPA products have been described in great detail, including product capabilities and complete EO performances. At 60 Hz frame rate, focal planes with 40 mK (f/1) NETD are now achieved in production with a spatial fixed pattern noise lower than 25 mK after gain and offset compensation. Key improvements, compared to 45 μm pitch technology, have been the achievement of microbolometer resistance uniformity better than 0.5 % (standard deviation) on the IRFPA die for the different formats. Thanks to a new pixel design, high fill factor along with low thermal time constant (7 ms), 35 μm pitch amorphous silicon UFPAs are prime candidates for FLIR applications.
An adaptive fuzzy segmentation of intravascular ultrasound images (2005)

A system for automatic definition of region of interest (ROI) in intravascular ultrasound images is proposed. This system performs this task in two phases: first a preprocessing based on morphological smoothing and fuzzy enhancement is done and then a fuzzy clustering algorithm is applied to the preprocessed image. The preliminary results showed that this technique is a feasible method for finding calcified regions that can be explored by classifiers.
Perceptual image quality based on a multiple channel HVS model (2002)

We propose a new measure of perceptual image quality based on a multiple channel human visual system (HVS) model for use in digital image compression. The model incorporates the HVS light sensitivity, spatial frequency and orientation sensitivity, and masking effects. The model is based on the concept of local band-limited contrast (LBC) in oriented spatial frequency bands. This concept leads to a simple masking function. The model has the flexibility to account for the changes in frequency sensitivity as a function of local luminance and is consistent with masking experiments using gratings and edges. Numerical scaling experiments with a test panel and a set a test images that were coded using different coding algorithms showed that the proposed measure correlates better with perceptual image quality than the conventional SNR measure.
High-dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin with autologous marrow support in women with measurable advanced breast cancer responding to standard-dose therapy: analysis by age. (1994)

The analysis was undertaken to determine if the time to progression and survival for women with breast cancer treated with high-dose chemotherapy after a conventional-dose induction therapy differs significantly for women younger and older than 40 years of age. All patients treated in phase II or III protocols of high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer are included in this analysis. Women were treated on one of six protocols: four sequential phase II protocols for metastatic breast cancer involving cyclophosphamide at a dose of 6000 mg/m2, thiotepa at 500 mg/m2, and carboplatin at 800 mg/m2 (CTCb) chemotherapy; one phase II study of CTCb chemotherapy for stage III or inflammatory breast cancer; and a Cancer and Leukemia Group B phase III study of cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and cisplatin for women with more than 10 involved lymph nodes after primary therapy. Eligibility criteria for the patients with metastatic disease included histologically documented breast cancer, at least a partial response to conventional dose therapy, no prior pelvic radiotherapy, cumulative doxorubicin of less than 500 mg/m2, and physiologic age of 18-55 years. Patients with inadequate renal, hepatic, pulmonary, and cardiac function or tumor involvement of marrow or central nervous system were excluded. Of 99 registered patients, three (3%) died of toxicity. There were no toxic deaths in protocols for stage II and III disease, and to date none of these patients have relapsed. Thus, there are no differences by age for these studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Remote and partial reconfiguration of FPGAs: tools and trends (2004)

This work describes the implementation of digital reconfigurable systems (DRS) using commercial FPGA devices. This paper has three main goals. The first one is to present the trend of DRS, highlighting the problems and solutions of each DRS generation. The second goal is to present in detail the configuration architecture of a commercial FPGA family allowing DRS implementation. The last goal is to present a set of tools for remote and partial reconfiguration developed for this FPGA family. Even though the tools are targeted to a specific device, their building principles may easily be adapted to other FPGA families, if they have an internal architecture enabling partial reconfiguration. The main contribution of the paper is the tool-set proposed to manipulate cores using partial reconfiguration in existing FPGA.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in audio visual data acquisition; a researcher demo intro (2014)

With the UAV technology becoming more affordable and user-friendlier, researcher can capitalize on this advancement. Audiovisual data is a pertinent tool in data acquisition and UAV can add more value with proper context in the subject matter. This study aims to introduce the audiovisual data acquisition with UAV and demonstrate the user friendliness of operating the UAV as a beginner and not overwhelming the researcher. In future, researchers could increase the customization of the Phantom 2 UAV with other audiovisual data acquisition tool, to create more innovative data.
The Decomposition of Benzoyl Peroxide in the Presence of Iodine. II. In Carbon Tetrachloride Solution<sup>1,2</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Decomposition of Benzoyl Peroxide in the Presence of Iodine. II. In Carbon Tetrachloride Solution1,2George S. Hammond and Louis M. SofferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 10, 4711–4715Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01166a102https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01166a102research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts