gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonspecific activation of murine lymphocytes. IV. Proliferation of a distinct, late maturing lymphocyte subpopulation induced by 2-mercaptoethanol. (1978)

The lymphocyte subpopulations that are activated by 2-ME, LPS, poly IC, and PPD were studied in terms of their maturational characteristics. Attempts to stimulate hepatic and splenic lymphoid cells from mice of different ages with these mitogens demonstrated a well ordered sequence for the emergence of mitogen responsiveness in C3H mice: reactivity to LPS and Poly IC was observed early in maturation and was followed by that to PPD, and finally by the development of responsiveness to 2-ME. The same sequence appeared when the mitogen responsiveness of lethally irradiated, fetal liver-reconstituted syngeneic adult recipients was examined. The mitogenic action of 2-ME was dissociated from its ability to enhance lymphocyte reactivity to other mitogens in mice too young to respond to 2-ME as a mitogen. Experiments in which additivity of responses was assayed by adding mitogens to culture singly or conjointly indicated that LPS and Poly IC activate nearly identical B lymphocyte subpopulations, whereas PPD stimulates a subset of cells distinct from that which is responsive to the former two mitogens. The mitogen responsiveness of CBA/N mice, relative to normal CBA/WEHI mice, was shown to decrease as a function of the maturity of the subpopulation of lymphocytes activated. The CBA/N mouse was shown to be unresponsive to stimulation by 2-ME.
Distributed Web2.0 crawling for ontology evolution (2007)

Semantic Web technologies in general and ontologybased approaches in particular are considered the foundation for the next generation of information services. While ontologies enable software agents to exchange knowledge and information in a standardised, intelligent manner, describing todays vast amount of information in terms of ontological knowledge and to track the evolution of such ontologies remains a challenge. In this paper we describe Web2.0 crawling for ontology evolution. The World Wide Web, or Web for short, is due, its evolutionary properties and social network characteristics a perfect fitting data source to evolve an ontology. The decentralised structure of the Internet, the huge amount of data and upcoming Web2.0 technologies arise several challenges for a crawling system. In this paper we present a distributed crawling system with standard browser integration. The proposed system is a high performance, sitescript based noise reducing crawler, which loads standard browser equivalent content from Web2.0 resources. Furthermore we describe the integration of this spider into our ontology evolution framework.
Chemical structure of poly(β‐cyclodextrin‐<i>co</i>‐citric acid) (2010)

Abstract We synthesized water‐insoluble polymers, poly(β‐cyclodextrin‐ co ‐citric acid)s, by heating a mixture of citric acid, cyclodextrin (CD), and Na 2 HPO 4 as a catalyst with a 6 : 1 : 2 molar ratio at 160, 170, and 180°C for 10 and 20 min. The chemical composition of the polyesters was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the polymer hydrolysates. The crosslinking mechanisms and thermal degradation of the polymers were also investigated. The polyesters contained 30–35% citric acid, 1–4% unsaturated carboxylic acids (i.e., itaconic, cis ‐aconitic, trans ‐aconitic, and mesaconic acids), and 60–70% CD, whereas about 40% of them were able to form inclusion complexes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Scaling Social Media Applications Into Geo-Distributed Clouds (2014)

Federation of geo-distributed cloud services is a trend in cloud computing that, by spanning multiple data centers at different geographical locations, can provide a cloud platform with much larger capacities. Such a geo-distributed cloud is ideal for supporting large-scale social media applications with dynamic contents and demands. Although promising, its realization presents challenges on how to efficiently store and migrate contents among different cloud sites and how to distribute user requests to the appropriate sites for timely responses at modest costs. These challenges escalate when we consider the persistently increasing contents and volatile user behaviors in a social media application. By exploiting social influences among users, this paper proposes efficient proactive algorithms for dynamic, optimal scaling of a social media application in a geo-distributed cloud. Our key contribution is an online content migration and request distribution algorithm with the following features: 1) future demand prediction by novelly characterizing social influences among the users in a simple but effective epidemic model; 2) one-shot optimal content migration and request distribution based on efficient optimization algorithms to address the predicted demand; and 3) a Δ(t)-step look-ahead mechanism to adjust the one-shot optimization results toward the offline optimum. We verify the effectiveness of our online algorithm by solid theoretical analysis, as well as thorough comparisons to ready algorithms including the ideal offline optimum, using large-scale experiments with dynamic realistic settings on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).
Development of a biomagnetic measurement system for brain research (1995)

The tail of the dewar of the authors' system has a special shape that makes it possible to measure the brain activity of anyone lying on a bed regardless of head shape or size. It allows the parietal, one side of the temporal and the occipital regions to be measured simultaneously. In the system, 128 axial first-order gradiometers are mounted at intervals of about 26 mm. The diameter and baseline length of the pickup coil are 14 mm and 50 mm, respectively. The authors use square-shaped double-washer DC-SQUIDs with additional positive feedback to improve the flux resolution. System reliability is improved by hermetically sealing the SQUID in a ceramic package and including a heater resistor to eliminate trapped flux. To decrease the liquid helium evaporation rate, output cables are made with flexible printed circuits. The read-out electronics are based on the Direct Offset Integration Technique, which is a highly simplified feedback method. The white noise level measured in a magnetically shielded room is less than 10 fT//spl radic/Hz above 5 Hz. This system has successfully been applied to measuring auditory evoked fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Water, Ultrapure (2008)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Definition 2.1. Ionic Purity ‐ Conductivity and Resistivity 2.2. Organic Purity 2.3. Particulate Purity 3. Technologies used for Ultrapure Water Processing 3.1. Ion Exchange Resins 3.1.1. Mixed‐Bed Ion Exchangers 3.1.2. Homogeneous Beds 3.2. Membranes 3.2.1. Reverse Osmosis 3.2.2. Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration 3.2.3. Electrodeionization 3.3. Adsorption ‐ Activated Carbon Beds 3.4. Degasification 3.5. Clarifiers and Chemical Precipitators 3.6. Chemical Chlorine Removal 3.7. Ultraviolet Treatment 3.8. Membrane Contactors 3.9. Piping Materials, Gaskets 4. Analysis 4.1. Ion Chromatography 4.2. pH Measurement 4.3. Conductivity 4.4. Ion‐Selective Electrodes 4.5. Determination of Total Dissolved Solids 4.6. Determination of Total Organic Carbon 4.7. Particle Counters 4.8. Colorimetric Analyzers for Silica and Phosphate 4.9. Dissolved Oxygen Electrodes 4.10. Capillary Electrophoresis 4.11. ORP Chlorine Analyzers 4.12. Nonvolatile Residue Monitors 4.13. Use of On‐line Analyzers and Manually Collected Samples 5. Applications 5.1. Microelectronics Industry 5.2. Pharmaceutical Industry 5.3. Power Industry 5.3.1. Nuclear Power Plants 5.3.2. Fossil Fuel‐Fired Plants 5.4. Chemical Industry 5.4.1. Boiler Feedwater Make‐up 5.4.2. Process Water 6. Future Developments
Integrated Multi-wavelength Light Sources for WDM Lightwave Communication Systems (1993)

With the recent advances in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, the transmission distance is no longer loss limited but rather fiber dispersion limited. By the use of wavelength multiplexing, the bit rate of each wavelength can be substantially lower than the aggregated bit rate, such that not only cost-effective electronics are available but also the maximum transmission distance can be substantially increased. Moreover, the wavelength can be used as an address to route information without going through opto-electronic conversion. Recently, DARPA has funded a project on all optical network to study the potential of multi-wavelength switching.1 A substantial part of the total cost for a packaged DFB laser module is the packaging cost to include a fiber pigtail, a thermoelectric cooler and an optical isolator. The total cost of a multi-wavelength laser transmitter made of discrete packaged DFB laser modules is proportional to the number of wavelengths. For WDM lightwave systems to be cost effective, it is desirable to fabricate the multi-wavelength laser transmitters by photonic integration to reduce the per wavelength cost of packaging and control circuitry by sharing them among all the wavelengths.
Highly Linear Al Ga N-Al Ga N-GaN Composite-Channel HEMTs (2005)

We report an Al Ga N-Al Ga N-GaN composite-channel HEMT with enhanced linearity. By engi- neering the channel region, i.e., inserting a 6-nm-thick AlGaN layer with 5% Al composition in the channel region, a com- posite-channel HEMT was demonstrated. Transconductance and cutoff frequencies of a 1 100 m HEMT are kept near their peak values throughout the low- and high-current operating levels, a desirable feature for linear power amplifiers. The com- posite-channel HEMT exhibits a peak transconductance of 150 mS/mm, a peak current gain cutoff frequency of 12 GHz and a peak power gain cutoff frequency of 30 GHz. For devices grown on sapphire substrate, maximum power density of 3.38 W/mm, power-added efficiency of 45% are obtained at 2 GHz. The output third-order intercept point (OIP3) is 33.2 dBm from two-tone measurement at 2 GHz.
Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2017 Update (2017)

Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) changed drastically after the introduction of the molecular targeted agent sorafenib in 2007. Sorafenib provides an additional therapeutic option for patients with extrahepatic spread or vascular invasion, resulting in improved survival even among patients with advanced HCC; however, the toxicity of sorafenib and its unsatisfactory antitumor effects remain unsolved issues. The development of novel molecular targeted agents as alternatives to sorafenib has been limited by difficulties unique to HCC. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of two molecular targeted agents, the second-line agent regorafenib, which is used after sorafenib failure, and the first-line agent lenvatinib, which has been shown to be noninferior to sorafenib. Another category of agents that are attracting considerable interest are immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 antibodies, which kill cancer cells via a unique mechanism. The therapeutic effects of some of these agents are currently under investigation in phase III studies. The most recent topics of interest are the combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies with other immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, or with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or with locoregional therapies such as resection, ablation, or transarterial chemoembolization.
Nanometrology using a through-focus scanning optical microscopy method (2010)

We present an initial review of a novel through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM pronounced as 'tee-som') imaging method that produces nanometer-dimensional measurement sensitivity using a conventional bright-field optical microscope. In the TSOM method a target is scanned through the focus of an optical microscope, acquiring conventional optical images at different focal positions. The TSOM images are constructed using the through-focus optical images. A TSOM image is unique under given experimental conditions and is sensitive to changes in the dimensions of a target in a distinct way. We use this characteristic for nanoscale-dimensional metrology. This technique can be used to identify the dimension which is changing between two nanosized targets and to determine the dimensions using a library-matching method. This methodology has potential utility for a wide range of target geometries and application areas, including nanometrology, nanomanufacturing, defect analysis, inspection, process control and biotechnology.
Relatives of the Impaired Elderly: Correlates of Feelings of Burden (1980)

Factors contributing to feelings of burden of caregivers of elderly persons with senile dementia were studied. The amount of burden of caregivers was found to be less when more visits were paid to the dementia patient by other relatives. Severity of behavioral problems was not associated with higher levels of burden. The results suggest the importance of providing support to caregivers as a critical step in the community care of elderly persons with dementia.
Experimental and Clinical Experiences with Double-velour Woven Dacron Prostheses (1986)

Double-velour woven Dacron prostheses were investigated both experimentally and clinically. In 6 mongrel dogs, a tandem conduit between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery was implanted, consisting of a plain woven and a double-velour woven graft. Following explanation after 2, 4, and 6 months, superior healing properties of the double-velour woven prostheses could be assessed by microscopy, as represented by an increase of tissue ingrowth, as well as by a thin and densely adherent inner healing capsule. Double-velour woven grafts were implanted in 50 patients undergoing open heart surgery. All grafts were presealed with fibrin glue and no bleeding could be detected at the time of implantation, even under the adverse influence of full heparinization and extracorporeal circulation.
A Construction Method of Doped Low-Density Parity-Check Codes Based on Quadratic Residue Codes (2021)

In this paper, we propose an approach to constructing a class of doped low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, by utilizing some coded bits of an LDPC code as the information bits of a quadratic residues (QR) code and then integrating the corresponding two Tanner graphs as a whole. Herein, the trapping set information of the LDPC code is used for selecting the information bits of the QR code. Simulation results show that the proposed doped LDPC codes achieve more than 1.4 dB and 1.0 dB gains with slight rate losses, respectively, at a frame error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , when compared to two regular LDPC codes.
The effect of particle strength on the ballistic resistance of shear thickening fluids (2013)

The response of shear thickening fluids (STFs) under ballistic impact has received considerable attention due to its field-responsive nature. While efforts have primarily focused on traditional ballistic fabrics impregnated with these fluids, the response of pure STFs to penetration has received limited attention. In the present study, the ballistic response of particle-based STFs is investigated and the effects of fluid density and particle strength on ballistic performance are isolated. It is shown that the loss of ballistic resistance in the STFs at higher impact velocities is governed by the material strength of the particles in suspension. The results illustrate the range of velocities over which these STFs may provide effective armor solutions.
[Immunobiological characterization of a presumed atypical strain of Trypanosoma cruzi]. (1987)

Les resultats suggerent que le comportement atypique des souches LP est attribue a une association hote parasite
Long-term outcome in patients with recurrent malignant glioma treated with Perillyl alcohol inhalation. (2013)

After 4 years under exclusive POH treatment, 19% of patients still remain in clinical remission. Long-term POH inhalation chemotherapy is a safe and non-invasive strategy efficient for recurrent malignant glioma.
STAT1-induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by Caspases 2, 3, and 7 (2004)

STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) has been implicated as a mediator of a variety of biological responses in response to stimulation by specific growth factors and cytokines. To understand better the role of STAT1 in the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced phenotype, we generated an active form of STAT1 (STAT1C) by substituting Cys residues for both Arg-656 and Asn-658 within the C-terminal loop of the STAT1 SH2 domain. The IFN-gamma activation site element was stimulated and bound efficiently by STAT1C without IFN-gamma treatment. STAT1C was found to be tyrosine-phosphorylated in the nucleus for more than 30 h after IFN-gamma stimulation. STAT1-negative U3A cells reexpressing STAT1C showed retarded cell growth and underwent apoptosis when treated with IFN-gamma. Further analysis demonstrated that apoptosis was preceded by proteolytic cleavage of caspases 2, 3, and 7, and wild type STAT1 also induced cleavage of caspase 7 when expressed in STAT1-negative U3A cells, indicating that STAT1C augments potential activity of wild type STAT1. Studies with cycloheximide treatment showed that protein synthesis induced in the first 24 h after IFN-gamma treatment was required for apoptosis under these conditions. Finally, we found that STAT1C-induced apoptosis was, in part, mediated by caspase 2, 3, and 7 because benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl-aspartyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VDVAD-FMK) treatment partially blocked apoptosis. These results suggest that prolonged nuclear localization of activated STAT1 results in apoptosis involving specific regulation of caspase pathway.
BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in Chicago. A twenty-year study statistically analyzed. (1961)

A comparative study was undertaken at Chicagos Cook County Hospital to determine whether BCG vaccination lowers the incidence of tuberculosis in newborns living in areas of high incidence yet in households that at time of birth are free from disease. About half of the 3381 infants enrolled in the study were vaccinated. Among the vaccinated group there were 17 cases of tuberculosis in the 23-year follow-up period (0.43/1000/year) compared with 65 cases (1.7/1000/year) among nonvaccinated infants for a reduction of 75%. There was only 1 death in the vaccination group compared with 6 deaths among unvaccinated controls. Among families having both vaccinated and control children fewer vaccinated children contracted tuberculosis. Following vaccination 99.3% of children became tuberculin positive and 82.4% remained positive after 8 years. There were no significant differences between cases and controls in terms of subsequent contact with tuberculosis in households according to severity of disease duration of subsequent contacts and intimacy of contact according to age. The significant reduction in both morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis recorded in this study provides a strong argument for vaccination of infants in areas of high disease incidence.
Equilibrium Characteristics of a Pinched Gas Discharge Cooled by Bremsstrahlung Radiation (1957)

Standard formulae for the electrical resistance and for the radiating properties of a fully ionized gas have been combined with pinch-effect relations to obtain the stationary state radial distribution functions and current-voltage characteristics of a radiation-cooled discharge, using a simplified model in which a stationary, axially symmetrical discharge is generated in a long straight tube. The validity of the diffusion conditions implied in the initial equations, the transport properties of the plasma, and the cyclotron radiation arising from thermal motion in the self-magnetic field, are considered. The calculations are applied to the requirements of a power-producing thermonuclear reactor.
Common duty ratio control of input series connected modular DC-DC converters with active input voltage and load current sharing (2003)

In this paper, active input voltage and load current sharing of DC-DC converter modules connected in series at the input and parallel at the output employing a novel common duty ratio control concept, is proposed. An appropriate analysis and experimental results are presented to verify the proposed concepts.
Optimal Power/Rate Allocation and Code Selection for Iterative Joint Detection of Coded Random CDMA (2006)

Iterative interference cancellation of coded code-division multiple access (CDMA) using random spreading with linear cancellation is analyzed. If users are grouped into power classes and Shannon bound approaching codes are used, a geometric power distribution achieves the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel Shannon bound as the numbers of classes becomes large. The optimal distribution of the size of these classes is shown to be uniform. If users are grouped into different rate classes with equal powers among equal rate users, the Shannon bound for AWGN channels can be achieved with an arbitrary distribution of the classes sizes, provided that the size of the largest rate class obeys the mild condition that its ratio of size to processing gain is much smaller than the inverse of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The case of equal powers and equal rates among all users is addressed as a "worst case" scenario. It is argued that simple repetition codes provide for a larger achievable capacity than stronger codes. It is shown that this capacity monotonically increases as the rate of the code decreases. A density evolution analysis is used to show that the achievable rates exceed those of a minimum-mean square error filter applied to the uncoded signals. This lower bound is tight for small ratios of bit energy to noise power, and otherwise the iterative cancellation receiver provides an appreciably larger capacity. Relating to recent result from the application of statistical mechanics it is shown that the repetition-coded system with iterative cancellation achieves the performance of an equivalent optimal joint detector for uncoded transmission
Semantically Multi-modal Image Synthesis (2020)

In this paper, we focus on semantically multi-modal image synthesis (SMIS) task, namely, generating multi-modal images at the semantic level. Previous work seeks to use multiple class-specific generators, constraining its usage in datasets with a small number of classes. We instead propose a novel Group Decreasing Network (GroupDNet) that leverages group convolutions in the generator and progressively decreases the group numbers of the convolutions in the decoder. Consequently, GroupDNet is armed with much more controllability on translating semantic labels to natural images and has plausible high-quality yields for datasets with many classes. Experiments on several challenging datasets demonstrate the superiority of GroupDNet on performing the SMIS task. We also show that GroupDNet is capable of performing a wide range of interesting synthesis applications. Codes and models are available at: https://github.com/Seanseattle/SMIS.