gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Support and Health (1977)

The data consists of a catalogue of 414 riots from Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester (1800 to 1939). The riots were found using keyword searches of digital newspaper archives and the accounts presented there were triangulated against further archival material (including other newspapers, Home Office records and local police materials). The catalogue describes the basic narrative of the riot and includes codes representing the type of actions done by rioters, the spaces in which the riot took place and the temporal aspects of the events (their duration, when they took place and the significance of that time). This research was inspired by a desire to think about riots as a strategic practice with their own particular history. Compiling a systematic, long run catalogue of riots in three of Britain's largest cities should enable sociologists and historians to situate other riots in their historical context and to reconsider classic theories about the evolution of protest and social movements over the 19th and 20th centuries. This work was supported by doctoral research funding from the University of Manchester’s School of Social Sciences Studentship.
Interaction Mechanisms of Low-Level Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems (1992)

Abstract There is growing interest and concern about the effect of weak, low-frequency electromagnetic fields on biological systems, with obvious implications for human health. In particular, it has been suggested that the incidence of childhood cancers might be increased by exposure, in the domestic environment, to low-frequency magnetic fields - indeed, there are several studies which seem to indicate that both children and adults living in homes near power lines or other electric transmission facilities have an increased risk of cancer. This book arises from an international workshop held under the auspices of the Environment Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and many of the contributors are leading authorities in their subjects. It provides a well-balanced overview of the experimental and theoretical work which lies behind the `cyclotron resonance' hypothesis, places it in the context of other evidence and theories, and indicates its relevance to the possible cancer risk from electromagnetic fields.
An integrated magnetic-geared permanent-magnet in-wheel motor drive for electric vehicles (2008)

This paper proposes an integrated in-wheel motor for electric vehicles. It can offer the advantages of lightweight, compact size, high efficiency and low-speed high-torque operation. The key is to artfully integrate a coaxial magnetic gear into a permanent-magnet (PM) brushless motor in such a way that they can share a common PM rotor, hence the low-speed requirement for direct driving and the high-speed requirement for compact motor design can be achieved simultaneously. Both the static and dynamic characteristics of the proposed motor have been studied by time-stepping finite element method. A 500 W prototype has also been built up to verify the validity of the proposed motor.
Stimulation of nonlymphoid mesenchymal cell proliferation by a macrophage-derived growth factor. (1981)

Cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages secrete a growth-promoting activity that stimulates 3 types of nonlymphoid mesenchymal cells in vitro: fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle, and vascular endothelium. Production of this macrophage-derived growth factor (MDGF) is directly related to the number of viable macrophages and their time in culture, and is independent of platelet- or plasma-derived serum growth factors. Treatment of cultured macrophages with latex, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or phorbol myristate acetate results in increased growth factor activity. Preliminary biochemical characterization of MDGF indicates that it is a heat labile (100 degrees C, 2 min), non-dialyzable protein, which contains at least 1 essential disulfide bond. Growth-promoting activity is not adsorbed by CM-Sephadex chromatography, under conditions that effectively remove platelet-derived growth factor(s). Serine protease activity is not required for the action of MDGF. Secretion of macrophage-derived growth factor may be relevant to the function of mononuclear phagocytes in several pathologic processes, including the neovascularization and fibroplasia of wound healing, smooth muscle hyperplasia in atherosclerosis, and proliferative glomerulonephritis.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PRELIMINARY PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME α‐PHENYLALKYLAMIDES AND α‐PHENYLALKYLAMINES (1979)

Abstract Das aus dem Keton (I) durch Leuckart‐Wallach‐Reaktion synthetisier te Amin (II) wird mit den stellungsisomeren Pyridincarbonsäurechloriden (III) zu den Amiden (IV) umgesetzt.
Improving recommendation lists through topic diversification (2005)

In this work we present topic diversification, a novel method designed to balance and diversify personalized recommendation lists in order to reflect the user's complete spectrum of interests. Though being detrimental to average accuracy, we show that our method improves user satisfaction with recommendation lists, in particular for lists generated using the common item-based collaborative filtering algorithm.Our work builds upon prior research on recommender systems, looking at properties of recommendation lists as entities in their own right rather than specifically focusing on the accuracy of individual recommendations. We introduce the intra-list similarity metric to assess the topical diversity of recommendation lists and the topic diversification approach for decreasing the intra-list similarity. We evaluate our method using book recommendation data, including offline analysis on 361, !, 349 ratings and an online study involving more than 2, !, 100 subjects.
Chromate Removal by Dithionite-Reduced Clays: Evidence from Direct X-Ray Adsorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) of Chromate Reduction at Clay Surfaces (2000)

Abstract Chromium(VI) in the environment is of particular concern because it is toxic to both plants and animals, even at low concentrations. As a redox-sensitive element, the fate and toxicity of chromium is controlled by soil reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. In-situ remediation of chromium combines reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and immobilization of chromium on mineral surfaces. In this study, Fe-rich smectite, montmorillonite, illite, vermiculite, and kaolinite were examined to determine reactivity in sorption-reduction of Cr(VI). The clays were compared to forms that were reduced by sodium dithionite. Clays containing Fe(II) efficiently removed soluble Cr(VI) from solution. Chromium K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) suggested that clays containing Fe(II) reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), immobilizing Cr at the clay/water interface. Adsorption of Cr(VI) by the Fe(II)-containing clay was a prerequisite for the coupled sorption-reduction reaction. Sodium dithionite added directly to aqueous suspensions of non-reduced clays reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), but did not immobilize Cr on clay surfaces. The capacity of clays to reduce Cr(VI) is correlated with the ferrous iron content of the clays. For dithionite-reduced smectite, the exchangeable cation influenced the sorption reaction, and thus it also influenced the coupled sorption-reduction reaction of Cr(VI). The pH of the aqueous system affected both the amount of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) and the partition of Cr(III) between aqueous and adsorbed species. A plot of pH vs. amount (adsorption envelope) adsorbed for the coupled sorption-reduction reaction of Cr by reduced smectite exhibited a similar pattern to that of typical anion-sorption.
A delayed unusual presentation of a penetrating foreign body. (1992)

Complications resulting from the penetrating percutaneous foreign bodies almost always arise in the early post injury period. Delayed presentations of previous asymptomatic foreign bodies are rare. In this case report, symptoms of tracheal irritation arose seven years following the initial penetrating shrapnel injury to the neck. Computed tomography scans enabled localisation of the foreign body at the tracheal wall and carotid sheath interface. The usefulness of this radiologic modality in the evaluation of the penetrating soft tissue injury is highlighted. A review of the phenomenon of the migrating and asymptomatic foreign body follows.
tert-Butylimino-δ-Organovanadium(V)-Verbindungen Darstellung und NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen/tert-Butylimino-δ-Organovanadium (V) Compounds Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopic Studies (1986)

The compounds t C 4 H 9 N=VR(O t C 4 H 9 ) 2 (R = CH 3 , n C 4 H 9 , CH 2 SiMe 3 , Mes) and t C 4 H 9 N = VMes 2 (O t C 4 H 9 ) have been prepared by reaction of tert-butyliminovanadium (V) chlorides with LiR; t C 4 H 9 N=V(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 2 (O t C 4 H 9 ) and t C 4 H 9 N=VR 3 (R = CH 2 SiMe 3 , Mes) could only be characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The 1 H, 13 C and 51 V NMR spectra are discussed; the constants of 51 V , 14 N coupling have been determined.
Highly Transparent ZnO/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hybrid Films with Controlled Crystallographic Orientation Growth (2007)

Electrodeposition has been used as a low temperature, soft method to prepare ZnO/polymer hybrid films. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been chosen as the water-soluble polymer additive. Films prepared at PVA concentrations ranging between 2 and 10 g L−1 are electrically conducting and contain well-crystallized ZnO. They are luminescent and highly transparent in the visible wavelength range. PVA film content increases continuously with PVA concentration in the deposition bath. It is shown that PVA is not only included in the film but also has a dramatic effect on ZnO properties, from which one can define polymer-assisted ZnO growth strategies. For instance, at high PVA concentration, ZnO luminescence is dominated by the near-edge emission in the UV, revealing a better stoichiometry of ZnO. We also show that it is possible to tune ZnO crystallographic orientation in the film by monitoring the PVA content of the deposition bath. PVA can be eliminated by a subsequent postannealing treatment of the layer.
Deutlicher Stimmungseinbruch in der IKT-Branche (2011)

Nach einem Hoch im zweiten Quartal 2011 hat sich die konjunkturelle Stimmung in der Informationswirtschaft im dritten Quartal deutlich eingetrübt. Der ZEW Stimmungsindikator Informationswirtschaft sinkt um 13,6 Punkte auf einen Wert von 56,6 Punkten. Die negative Entwicklung geht maßgeblich auf einen Einbruch der Stimmung in der IKT-Branche zurück. Der Indikator für diese Branche fällt um 25 Punkte.
Metalorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of ZnSe and ZnS on GaAs Substrates Pretreated with (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>x</sub> Solution (1990)

We tried to prepare ZnSe and ZnS epilayers on GaAs(100) substrates pretreated with a (NH 4 ) 2 S x solution. As a result, it was found that it is possible to grow ZnSe with layer-by-layer or two-dimensional growth from an initial stage of growth under appropriate growth conditions. The surface morphologies of ZnSe and ZnS epilayers are better than those grown on GaAs substrates pretreated in a conventional manner in which GaAs is heated to remove the surface oxidized layer. Furthermore, it was also found that the optical properties of thin ZnSe and ZnS epilayers can greatly be improved through pretreatment of the substrates with (NH 4 ) 2 S x solution.
The L1 antigen and squamous metaplasia in the bladder (1991)

The L1 antigen was investigated as a marker of squamous differentiation in urothelium using a monoclonal antibody Mac387, and the results were compared with the expression of high molecular weight cytokeratins. L1 antigen was consistently demonstrated in all instances of partial and complete squamous metaplasia and in squamous carcinomas. In contrast, pure transitional cell carcinomas (except one with minor focal staining), adenocarcinomas and normal and hyperplastic urothelium did not label. In a few squamous carcinomas in situ, the pattern of labelling obtained with Mac387 was different from that seen in invasive squamous carcinomas and metaplasias. Compared with high molecular weight cytokeratins, the expression of L1 was more intense in areas of squamous differentiation. L1 expression, as identified by antibody Mac387, may therefore serve as a useful marker of squamous differentiation in urothelial lesions.
Performance of the Binax NOW <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Urinary Antigen Assay for Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children with Underlying Pulmonary Diseases in the Absence of Acute Pneumococcal Infection (2004)

The performance of the Binax NOW immunochromatographic test for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine specimens from 103 children presenting underlying pulmonary diseases with no recent pneumococcal infection was assessed. Our data indicate that this assay is unlikely to be useful for discriminating between children with and without pneumococcal pneumonia.
Synthesis of polydeuterated benzothiazoles via supercritical deuteration of anilines (1997)

2-[2H]Benzothiazole, readily available according to the literature, was observed to undergo slow isotope exchange in water. This necessitated development of practical syntheses for benzothiazoles carrying deuterium lables in positions other than 2 [4,5,6,7-2H4]Benzothiazole and 4-[2H3]methyl[5,6,7-2H3]benzothiazole were prepared in good yield from [2H7]aniline and 2-[2H9]toluidine, which were obtained by novel rapid isotope exchange in supercritical deuterium oxide.
Bioavailable constituents/metabolites of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) preferentially inhibit COX2 activity ex vivo and IL-1beta-induced PGE2 production in human chondrocytes i n vitro (2008)

Several recent studies have documented that supplementation with pomegranate fruit extract inhibits inflammatory symptoms in vivo. However, the molecular basis of the observed effects has not been fully revealed. Although previous studies have documented the inhibition of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in vitro by plant and fruit extracts added directly into the culture medium but whether concentrations of bioactive compounds sufficient enough to exert such inhibitory effects in vivo can be achieved through oral consumption has not been reported. In the present study we determined the effect of rabbit plasma obtained after ingestion of a polyphenol rich extract of pomegranate fruit (PFE) on COX enzyme activity ex vivo and the IL-1beta-induced production of NO and PGE2 in chondrocytes in vitro. Plasma samples collected before and 2 hr after supplementation with PFE were tested. Plasma samples collected after oral ingestion of PFE were found to inhibit the IL-1beta-induced PGE2 and NO production in chondrocytes. These same plasma samples also inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme activity ex vivo but the effect was more pronounced on the enzyme activity of COX-2 enzyme. Taken together these results provide additional evidence of the bioavailability and bioactivity of compounds present in pomegranate fruit after oral ingestion. Furthermore, these studies suggest that PFE-derived bioavailable compounds may exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the inflammatory cytokine-induced production of PGE2 and NO in vivo.
Human Ape2 protein has a 3'-5' exonuclease activity that acts preferentially on mismatched base pairs (2006)

DNA damage, such as abasic sites and DNA strand breaks with 3'-phosphate and 3'-phosphoglycolate termini present cytotoxic and mutagenic threats to the cell. Class II AP endonucleases play a major role in the repair of abasic sites as well as of 3'-modified termini. Human cells contain two class II AP endonucleases, the Ape1 and Ape2 proteins. Ape1 possesses a strong AP-endonuclease activity and weak 3'-phosphodiesterase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities, and it is considered to be the major AP endonuclease in human cells. Much less is known about Ape2, but its importance is emphasized by the growth retardation and dyshematopoiesis accompanied by G2/M arrest phenotype of the APE2-null mice. Here, we describe the biochemical characteristics of human Ape2. We find that Ape2 exhibits strong 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase activities and has only a very weak AP-endonuclease activity. Mutation of the active-site residue Asp 277 to Ala in Ape2 inactivates all these activities. We also demonstrate that Ape2 preferentially acts at mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the recessed 3'-termini of a partial DNA duplex. Based on these results we suggest a novel role for human Ape2 as a 3'-5' exonuclease.
HL-A Linked Antigen E Immune Response Genes: An Unproved Hypothesis (1975)

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.012AugSepOctNovDecJan500Total6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the most recent 6 whole calendar months.
Mesoporous Silicates Prepared Using Preorganized Templates in Supercritical Fluids (2004)

Well-ordered mesoporous silicate films were prepared by infusion and selective condensation of silicon alkoxides within microphase-separated block copolymer templates dilated with supercritical carbon dioxide. Confinement of metal oxide deposition to specific subdomains of the preorganized template yields high-fidelity, three-dimensional replication of the copolymer morphology, enabling the preparation of structures with multiscale order in a process that closely resembles biomineralization. Ordered mesoporous silicate films were synthesized with dielectric constants as low as 1.8 and excellent mechanical properties. The films survive the chemical-mechanical polishing step required for device manufacturing.
The Interaction of Integrin αIIbβ3 with Fibrin Occurs through Multiple Binding Sites in the αIIb β-Propeller Domain (2013)

The currently available antithrombotic agents target the interaction of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) with fibrinogen during platelet aggregation. Platelets also bind fibrin formed early during thrombus growth. It was proposed that inhibition of platelet-fibrin interactions may be a necessary and important property of αIIbβ3 antagonists; however, the mechanisms by which αIIbβ3 binds fibrin are uncertain. We have previously identified the γ370-381 sequence (P3) in the γC domain of fibrinogen as the fibrin-specific binding site for αIIbβ3 involved in platelet adhesion and platelet-mediated fibrin clot retraction. In the present study, we have demonstrated that P3 can bind to several discontinuous segments within the αIIb β-propeller domain of αIIbβ3 enriched with negatively charged and aromatic residues. By screening peptide libraries spanning the sequence of the αIIb β-propeller, several sequences were identified as candidate contact sites for P3. Synthetic peptides duplicating these segments inhibited platelet adhesion and clot retraction but not platelet aggregation, supporting the role of these regions in fibrin recognition. Mutant αIIbβ3 receptors in which residues identified as critical for P3 binding were substituted for homologous residues in the I-less integrin αMβ2 exhibited reduced cell adhesion and clot retraction. These residues are different from those that are involved in the coordination of the fibrinogen γ404-411 sequence and from auxiliary sites implicated in binding of soluble fibrinogen. These results map the binding of fibrin to multiple sites in the αIIb β-propeller and further indicate that recognition specificity of αIIbβ3 for fibrin differs from that for soluble fibrinogen.
The Role of Copper and Zinc Toxicity in Innate Immune Defense against Bacterial Pathogens (2015)

Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential for optimal innate immune function, and nutritional deficiency in either metal leads to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Recently, the decreased survival of bacterial pathogens with impaired Cu and/or Zn detoxification systems in phagocytes and animal models of infection has been reported. Consequently, a model has emerged in which the host utilizes Cu and/or Zn intoxication to reduce the intracellular survival of pathogens. This review describes and assesses the potential role for Cu and Zn intoxication in innate immune function and their direct bactericidal function.
Simultaneous Recovery of RNA and DNA from Soils and Sediments (2001)

Recovery of mRNA from environmental samples for measurement of in situ metabolic activities is a significant challenge. A robust, simple, rapid, and effective method was developed for simultaneous recovery of both RNA and DNA from soils of diverse composition by adapting our previous grinding-based cell lysis method (Zhou et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:316-322, 1996) for DNA extraction. One of the key differences is that the samples are ground in a denaturing solution at a temperature below 0 degrees C to inactivate nuclease activity. Two different methods were evaluated for separating RNA from DNA. Among the methods examined for RNA purification, anion exchange resin gave the best results in terms of RNA integrity, yield, and purity. With the optimized protocol, intact RNA and high-molecular-weight DNA were simultaneously recovered from 19 soil and stream sediment samples of diverse composition. The RNA yield from these samples ranged from 1.4 to 56 microg g of soil(-1) dry weight), whereas the DNA yield ranged from 23 to 435 microg g(-1). In addition, studies with the same soil sample showed that the DNA yield was, on average, 40% higher than that in our previous procedure and 68% higher than that in a commercial bead milling method. For the majority of the samples, the DNA and RNA recovered were of sufficient purity for nuclease digestion, microarray hybridization, and PCR or reverse transcription-PCR amplification.
A redetermination of monclinic γ-sulfur (1993)

The structure of γ-sulfur (P2/c) has been redetermined from diffractometer data. The conformation of the S 8 ring is the same as for α- and β-sulfur, but the range of S-S distances is greater [2.035(2)-2.060(2) A]
A combination of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing for optimal DG allocation in distribution networks (2006)

This paper presents a new algorithm based on integrating the use of genetic algorithms and simulated annealing methods to optimal allocation of distributed generation resources in distribution networks. Through this algorithm a significant improvement in the optimization goal is achieved. With a numerical example the superiority of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in comparison with the simple genetic algorithm
Dual enzyme electrochemical coding for detecting DNA hybridization (2002)

Enzyme-based hybridization assays for the simultaneous electrochemical measurements of two DNA targets are described. Two encoding enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase, are used to differentiate the signals of two DNA targets in connection to chronopotentiometric measurements of their electroactive phenol and alpha-naphthol products. These products yield well-defined and resolved peaks at +0.31 V (alpha-naphthol) and +0.63 V (phenol) at the graphite working electrode (vs. Ag/AgCl reference). The position and size of these peaks reflect the identity and level of the corresponding target. The dual target detection capability is coupled to the amplification feature of enzyme tags (to yield fmol detection limits) and with an efficient magnetic removal of non-hybridized nucleic acids. Proper attention is given to the choice of the substrates (for attaining well resolved peaks), to the activity of the enzymes (for obtaining similar sensitivities), and to the selection of the enzymes (for minimizing cross interferences). The new bioassay is illustrated for the simultaneous detection of two DNA sequences related to the BCRA1 breast-cancer gene in a single sample in connection to magnetic beads bearing the corresponding oligonucleotide probes. Prospects for electrochemical coding of multiple DNA targets are discussed.