gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Internet multicast with routing labels (2002)

The IP-multicast architecture is extended with addressing information along multicast routing trees that permits more efficient and sophisticated multicast routing options and encourages communication and cooperation between IP and higher-layer protocols. The Addressable Internet Multicast (AIM) architecture is introduced that enables sources to restrict the delivery of packets to a subset of the receivers in a multicast group on a per-pocket basis, permits receivers to listen to subsets of sources on a subscription basis, provides nearest-host routing, and allows higher-layer protocols to place packets into application-defined logical streams, so that hosts may direct the multicast routing of packets based on application-defined contexts. In addition, the Reliable Multicast Architecture (RMA) is introduced to support end-to-end reliable multicasting using heterogeneous reliable multicast protocols and providing acknowledgment trees implicitly, thereby eliminating the ACK implosion problem and allowing NAK-avoidance algorithms to work within local groups.
Visual analytics for radiomics: Combining medical imaging with patient data for clinical research (2017)

The visualization and analysis of electronic health records (EHRs) are becoming increasingly relevant for clinical researchers. While the digitization of medical images is general practice today, many clinics are just starting to build up database with the related patient data, patient histories, and treatment outcomes. This paper reports on a project with a medical group of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists. It combines medical image analysis and Radiomics with visual analytics of patient data to build, analyze, and evaluate patient cohorts. The combined visual interface for both browsing and analyzing patient data was developed in collaboration with the medical researchers. In addition to offering a new way of cohort building, our approach also provides a first comprehensive view on the EHR, including the relevant anatomy of patients. This project triggered a new effort to extend the digitized patient database from around 100 patients to the entire patient population at our partner's clinic.
Classical neurotransmitters in the ovijector of <i>Ascaris suum</i>: localization and modulation of muscle activity (2000)

Ascaris suum possesses a well-developed nervous system which is regulated by a number of classical neurotransmitters including acetylcholine (ACh), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and serotonin. The vagina vera, the distal part of the ovijector, displays intrinsic, rhythmic activity which has been shown to be modulated by FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) in vitro. Confocal scanning laser microscopy coupled with immunocytochemistry, and histochemical studies, revealed that the nerve plexus of the ovijector contains GABAergic and glutamatergic innervation. Although no distinctive cholinergic or serotoninergic innervation was apparent, cholinesterase activity was localized to discrete areas of the musculature of the vagina vera. The effects of classical transmitters on the activity of the vagina vera in vitro were examined. ACh was excitatory, stimulating a brief but powerful contraction of the vagina vera with a threshold for activity of 1 microM. Both GABA and glutamate were inhibitory, causing a cessation of contractile activity at high concentrations (> 10 microM). Although less potent than glutamate, GABA had more profound effects and induced longer-lasting paralysis of the tissue. The threshold concentrations for activity were 5 microM for glutamate and 10 microM for GABA. Serotonin had no consistent effect on the vagina vera. This study demonstrates that classical transmitters modulate the activity of the ovijector of A. suum.
CD27 induction on thymocytes. (1990)

CD27 mAb recognize a disulfide-linked homodimer of 55 kDa present in the majority of T cells and in a minor subpopulation of thymocytes. Although an increase of CD27 expression has been described in activated T cells, this Ag is poorly expressed in long term growing T cells. It has been also reported that CD27- becomes CD27+ upon activation. In the aim to better know the relationship between CD27 expression and the activation and maturation processes, the induction of this Ag in thymocytes was analyzed. The results obtained in this work show that: 1) CD27 is expressed only in thymocytes with high CD3 Ag density. 2) Its expression can be induced in low density CD3 CD4+ CD8+ cells by Con A and in low CD3 Ag density by PMA+ionomycin. 3) PMA alone or in combination with rIL-2 induces CD25 and CD71 expression but not CD27. 4) Unlike CD27, the Ag CD45RA, CD26, and CD76, which are present only in a minor thymocyte subpopulation, are not induced in double positive thymocytes. Because it has been reported that cyclosporin A interferes with thymocytes maturation and blocks the transition from double to single positive cells, its effect was measured on CD27 induction. Cyclosporin A did not inhibit CD25 expression induced by both Con A and PMA+ionomycin, but under these conditions it inhibited the induction of CD27. In this paper we discuss whether CD27 could be implicated in T cell maturation.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Synthesis of Virus-Specific Proteins (1971)

Viral proteins synthesized in L cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis (VS) virus at permissive (31 C) and nonpermissive (39 C) temperatures were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mutant ts 5, deficient in synthesis of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA(-)), failed to synthesize any of the five identifiable viral proteins at 39 C. Each of three RNA(+) mutants, representing three separate complementation groups, showed distinctive patterns of viral protein synthesis at nonpermissive temperature. Equivalent amounts of (3)H-amino acids were incorporated into the five viral proteins made in cells infected with RNA(+) mutant ts 45 at 31 and 39 C. Complete virions of ts 45 could be identified by electron microscopy of infected cells incubated at the nonpermissive temperature; the defect in ts 45 appeared to be due in part to greater thermolability of virions as compared with the wild-type. RNA(+) mutant ts 23 was deficient in synthesis of viral envelope protein S and failed to make detectable virions at the nonpermissive temperature. Infection of cells at 39 C with the third RNA(+) mutant, ts 52, resulted in synthesis of all five viral proteins, but the peak of radioactivity representing the viral membrane glycoprotein migrated more rapidly on gels than coelectrophoresed authentic virion (14)C-glycoprotein or viral (3)H-glycoprotein extracted from cells infected at 31 C. These data and results of experiments on incorporation of radioactive glucosamine suggest that the primary defect in mutant ts 52 at nonpermissive temperature is failure of glycosylation of the viral glycoprotein. The viral structural proteins made in cells infected with ts 52 at the nonpermissive temperature did not assemble into sedimentable components as they did at permissive temperature; this observation indicates failure of insertion of the nonglycosylated protein (G') into cell membrane. In support of this hypothesis was the finding that antiviral-antiferritin hybrid antibody did not detect VS viral antigen on the plasma membrane of L cells infected at 39 C with ts 52. In contrast, VS viral antigen localized in plasma membrane of L cells infected at 39 C with mutants ts 23 and ts 45 was readily detected by electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.
Automated haematology analysis to diagnose malaria (2010)

For more than a decade, flow cytometry-based automated haematology analysers have been studied for malaria diagnosis. Although current haematology analysers are not specifically designed to detect malaria-related abnormalities, most studies have found sensitivities that comply with WHO malaria-diagnostic guidelines, i.e. ≥ 95% in samples with > 100 parasites/μl. Establishing a correct and early malaria diagnosis is a prerequisite for an adequate treatment and to minimizing adverse outcomes. Expert light microscopy remains the 'gold standard' for malaria diagnosis in most clinical settings. However, it requires an explicit request from clinicians and has variable accuracy. Malaria diagnosis with flow cytometry-based haematology analysers could become an important adjuvant diagnostic tool in the routine laboratory work-up of febrile patients in or returning from malaria-endemic regions. Haematology analysers so far studied for malaria diagnosis are the Cell-Dyn®, Coulter® GEN·S and LH 750, and the Sysmex XE-2100® analysers. For Cell-Dyn analysers, abnormal depolarization events mainly in the lobularity/granularity and other scatter-plots, and various reticulocyte abnormalities have shown overall sensitivities and specificities of 49% to 97% and 61% to 100%, respectively. For the Coulter analysers, a 'malaria factor' using the monocyte and lymphocyte size standard deviations obtained by impedance detection has shown overall sensitivities and specificities of 82% to 98% and 72% to 94%, respectively. For the XE-2100, abnormal patterns in the DIFF, WBC/BASO, and RET-EXT scatter-plots, and pseudoeosinophilia and other abnormal haematological variables have been described, and multivariate diagnostic models have been designed with overall sensitivities and specificities of 86% to 97% and 81% to 98%, respectively. The accuracy for malaria diagnosis may vary according to species, parasite load, immunity and clinical context where the method is applied. Future developments in new haematology analysers such as considerably simplified, robust and inexpensive devices for malaria detection fitted with an automatically generated alert could improve the detection capacity of these instruments and potentially expand their clinical utility in malaria diagnosis.
Impact of acute stress on itch sensation and scratching behaviour in patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy controls (2018)

We speculate that psychological stress increases spontaneous scratching in patients with AD, which may enhance the vicious cycle of itching and scratching, resulting in aggravation of the skin eczema. These results provide new insights on the mechanism of acute stress-related exacerbation of itch in patients with AD.
Natural Neural Networks (2015)

We introduce Natural Neural Networks, a novel family of algorithms that speed up convergence by adapting their internal representation during training to improve conditioning of the Fisher matrix. In particular, we show a specific example that employs a simple and efficient reparametrization of the neural network weights by implicitly whitening the representation obtained at each layer, while preserving the feed-forward computation of the network. Such networks can be trained efficiently via the proposed Projected Natural Gradient Descent algorithm (PRONG), which amortizes the cost of these reparametrizations over many parameter updates and is closely related to the Mirror Descent online learning algorithm. We highlight the benefits of our method on both unsupervised and supervised learning tasks, and showcase its scalability by training on the large-scale ImageNet Challenge dataset.
Quantification of Uncertainty Due to Subgrid Heterogeneity in Reservoir Models (2006)

Abstract Due to the lack of data, a reservoir engineer needs to calibrate unknown petrophysical parameters based on production history. However, because the observations cannot constrain all the subsurface properties over a field, production forecasts for reservoirs are essentially uncertain. In general, many parameters of the model must be adjusted in the history-matching process, and the amount of computation required to solve the inverse problem may be prohibitive. To address this issue, we proposed a new methodology which restricts the parameter ranges of the calibration by using physically based prior information, extracted from geological and petrophysical input. The aim of the work is to have a sound basis for forecasting uncertainty in reservoir production. We demonstrate the applicability of the methodology using quarter five-spot pattern waterflooding models. The petrophysical properties to be adjusted in this paper are coarse-scale relative permeabilities. Coarse-scale models have the disadvantage of omitting the effects of fine-scale heterogeneity and suffering from solution errors, although in practice they are often employed in field-scale simulation because of the computational cost. Here, we history-match relative permeabilities at the coarse scale in order to encapsulate physical dispersion and compensate for numerical dispersion. The prior information was estimated from a range of possible geostatistical parameters. It allowed us not only to determine the parameterisation of the grouped relative permeabilities but also to set up the bounds of each type of curve. We used a synthetic data set for which the true solution is known. The resulting posterior expectations and P10 / P90 cut-offs of the production data and the relative permeabilities were examined in comparison with the reference results. We conclude that this new approach enabled us to quantify the uncertainty of sub-grid heterogeneity through the use of coarse-scale relative permeabilities without refining the model.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging and Motion Estimation via Robust Principle Component Analysis (2012)

We consider the problem of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and motion estimation of complex scenes. By complex we mean scenes with multiple targets, stationary and in motion. We use the usual setup with one moving antenna emitting and receiving signals. We address two challenges: (1) the detection of moving targets in the complex scene and (2) the separation of the echoes from the stationary targets and those from the moving targets. Such separation allows high resolution imaging of the stationary scene and motion estimation with the echoes from the moving targets alone. We show that the robust principal component analysis (PCA) method which decomposes a matrix in two parts, one low rank and one sparse, can be used for motion detection and data separation. The matrix that is decomposed is the pulse and range compressed SAR data indexed by two discrete time variables: the slow time, which parametrizes the location of the antenna, and the fast time, which parametrizes the echoes received between successive emissions from the antenna. We present an analysis of the rank of the data matrix to motivate the use of the robust PCA method. We also show with numerical simulations that successful data separation with robust PCA requires proper data windowing. Results of motion estimation and imaging with the separated data are presented, as well.
Simple procedure for mono- and bis-end-functionalization of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)s using chalcogens (2013)

The efficient synthesis of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)s (rr-P3HTs) capped with chalcogens using a simple quenching method is reported. Thiol (SH) end groups are selectively installed at the terminating end (ω-end) or at both the initiating (α-) and ω-ends using sulphur powder or triisopropylsilanethiol (TIPS-SH), respectively.
DANSÇILARDA BAZI METABOLİK VE KARDİYOVASKÜLER CEVAPLARIN TELEMETRİK YÖNTEMLE İZLENMESİ (1999)

Bu çalışma dansçıların maksimal oksijen tüketimini belirlemek ve dans sırasındaki yüklenmelerini incelemek&amp;nbsp;amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 25,0±2,2 olan 9 bayan, 28,5±6,2 olan 6 erkek modern&amp;nbsp;dansçı denek olarak alınmıştır. Taşınabilir telemetrik oksijen analizörü (Cosmed K4) kullanılarak deneklerin&amp;nbsp;maksimal egzersiz testi ile (Bruce) maksimal oksijen tüketimleri belirlenmiştir. Bir başka gün bale salonunda&amp;nbsp;4 dakikalık bir dans serisi sırasında oksijen tüketimi, kalp atım hızı ve solunumsal değişim oranı değerleri&amp;nbsp;kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi Wilcoxon Eşleştirilmiş iki örnek testi ile yapılmıştır. Hem&amp;nbsp;erkek hem de bayan dansçılarda maksimal egzersiz testi ile dans sırasında ulaşılan maksimal kalp atımı ve&amp;nbsp;solunumsal değişim oranı değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p&amp;lt;0.05). Ancak&amp;nbsp;maksimal oksijen tüketimi ile dans sırasındaki pik oksijen tüketimleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark&amp;nbsp;bulunamamıştır (p&amp;gt;0.05). Bu bulgular modern dansçıların dans sırasındaki oksijen tüketiminin maksimum&amp;nbsp;kapasitelerine yakın olduğunu ve erkek ve bayan dansçıların benzer yüklenmelere maruz kaldığını göstermektedir.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is glycosylated, sorted and matured in the fission yeast <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (1995)

Vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CPYsc) has been expressed in a Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain devoid of the endogenous equivalent peptidase, employing a 2 mu derived plasmid. Immunoblot analysis revealed that CPYsc produced in the fission yeast has a higher molecular mass than mature CPYsc produced by the budding yeast. CPYsc is glycosylated when expressed in S. pombe and uses four N-linked glycosylation sites as shown by endoglycosidase H digestion. Carbohydrate removal leads to a protein moiety which is indistinguishable in size from deglycosylated CPYsc produced by S. cerevisiae. CPYsc isolated from S. pombe soluble extracts is enzymatically active and thus is presumed to undergo correct proteolytic maturation. Subcellular fractionation experiments showed a cofractionation of CPYsc with the S. pombe endoproteinases PrA and PrB, suggesting that the protein is correctly sorted to the vacuole and that these peptidases might be responsible for zymogen activation.
Soft magnetic nanocrystalline powders produced by mechanical alloying routes (2006)

This paper presents an overview on the soft magnetic nanocrystalline powders obtained by mechanical alloying routes. First, the different mechanical routes (mechanical alloying, combined mechanical alloying and annealing and mechano-chemical techniques) used for the elaboration of nanocrystalline magnetic powders are discussed. The structural and magnetic properties as a function of experimental conditions are reviewed on the base of following categories of soft magnetic nanocrystalline/nanosized powders: ferrites, Ni-Fe alloys and other iron-based systems. Finally, design of new magnetic materials using nanocrystalline powders produced by mechanical alloying routes is also considered.
Treatment options for patients with severe gastroparesis (2007)

c Increase meal frequency c Small particle meals c Avoid excess fat c Avoid excess dietary fibre
Combination Detergent/MALDI Matrix:  Functional Cleavable Detergents for Mass Spectrometry (2005)

This study reports the synthesis of the first functional cleavable detergent designed specifically for applications in mass spectrometry. Upon cleavage, two inert compounds and the MALDI matrix are formed, eliminating sources of potential interference originating from traditional cleavable detergents. Analysis of peptides demonstrates that MALDI matrix generated in situ results in MALDI spectra equivalent to those prepared using established protocols. Analysis of the membrane protein diacylglycerol kinase was accomplished using the combination detergent/MALDI matrix. Applications of the functional cleavable detergents to the profiling of whole cell lysates results in increased signal-to-noise ratios of many ions and the detection of additional proteins previously not observed.
Frictional properties of rubber (1942)

Laboratory measurements of coefficients of friction of soft rubber compounds were made by towing specimens on horizontal tracks and by allowing them to slide down inclined tracks. The specimens were prepared by attaching the rubber to a metal backing and molding it against glass surfaces having different degrees of roughness. The coefficients increase markedly with speed, ranging from about 1 at 10-' cm/sec to more than 4 at 5 cm/ sec. The occurrence of vibrations prevented observations at higher speeds. Static friction is greater than dynamic friction for speeds appreciably less than 10-3 cm/sec and less than dynamic friction for greater speeds. The coefficients decrease slightly with increasing pressures and are independent of the size of the specimen. Except at very low speeds the smoother surfaces yield the higher coefficients. Materials such as talc or bloom on the sliding surfaces cause large decreases in the coefficients.
MRI assessment of basal ganglia iron deposition in Parkinson's disease (2008)

MRI at 3.0 Tesla suggests that substantia nigra iron levels are increased and linked to the severity of motor symptoms experienced in PD. Findings consistent with increased iron levels in the PD putamen are shown, in a region-specific rostral to caudal gradient.
Characterisation of grain yield and nitrogen level in relation to flag leaf senescence of wheat varieties (1986)

Three wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L.), Splendeur, Hobbit and Maris Huntsman grown in pots were compared. Especially when compared to Splendeur, the flag leaf senesced most rapidly in Maris Huntsman, which presented the most rapid loss of moisture, chlorophyll and nitrogen. The uptake of exogenous nitrogen during the post‐anthesis period was lower in the rapidly than in the slowly senescing variety. A higher concentration of free amino nitrogen in the flag leaf at a given sampling date was associated with a lower percentage decrease of soluble proteins at the following date. Acid proteinase activity in the flag leaf was inversely related to moisture percentage and free amino nitrogen level, but unrelated to the nitrogen loss of the flag leaf. Acid proteinase activity in the flag leaf was directly related to grain nitrogen percentage, but inversely related to grain yield. Grain yield was also directly related to the mean soluble protein content of the flag leaf through senescence.
Features of the absorption spectra of thin films of M 2Ag1 − x CuxI3 solid solutions (M = Rb, Cs) (2007)

The absorption spectra of thin films of (MI)1 − y (Ag1 − x CuxI)y solid solutions (M = Rb, Cs) with the initial molar concentration y = 0.33 have been investigated. It is established that, at low concentrations x, a local exciton band due to Cu+ ions is split off from the main long-wavelength exciton bands. In Rb2Ag1 − x CuxI3 solutions, the concentration shift of exciton bands indicates the formation of a persistent-type exciton spectrum. However, in Rb2Ag1 − x CuxI3 with x ≥ 0.5 and in Cs2Ag1 − x CuxI3 with x > 0.2, exciton spectra of amalgamation type are observed, which are related to the formation of more stable M 3Ag2 − 2x Cu2x I5 solid solutions. The formation of these solutions leads to broadening of the exciton bands and to the concentration transition from persistent-to amalgamation-type exciton spectra.