gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JEWEL: design and implementation of a distributed measurement system (1992)

The distributed measurement system JEWEL, developed within project RelaX, is described. JEWEL consists of a flexible toolkit for low-interference online performance measurement integrated with a powerful adaptable graphical presentation facility and a generic interactive experiment control system. JEWEL supports a large set of different system models as well as a wide variety of interfaces to the observed system. Two examples are presented in order to demonstrate its flexibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High frequency dual-mode thermal-piezoresistive oscillators (2011)

This work presents high frequency fully-micromechanical self-sustained oscillators. It has previously been demonstrated that interactions between mechanical strain and thermally generated actuation forces in micromechanical structures through the piezoresistive effect, can result in a positive feedback loop leading to self-sustained oscillation without the need for an electronic amplifier. In our previous work we demonstrated self-sustained oscillation of single-crystalline silicon dual-plate structures with frequencies up to 6.7MHz. This work demonstrates higher frequency thermal-piezoresistive self-sustained oscillators with frequencies up to 36MHz using I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> -shaped resonant structures. Due to the highly nonlinear (mixed flexural-extensional) deformation of actuator/piezoresistors in such structures, they can provide two dominant output frequency harmonics. The dominant harmonic can be selected by changing the resonator bias current.
MicroRNA-124 suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma motility by targeting ITGB1 (2010)

Alterations in the levels of molecules which interact with the extracellular matrix, such as integrins, are associated with invasion of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of integrin expression in OSCC, however, remain unclear. Here, we show that microRNA-124, a small non-coding RNA down-regulated in OSCC, is able to downregulate expression of integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) by interacting with its 3' untranslated region. Over-expression of miR-124 attenuates endogenous ITGB1 expression and reduces the adherence and motility of OSCC cells, suggesting disruption of miR-124-mediated repression of ITGB1 may be a key factor in OSCC progression.
Identification of bottom‐fermenting yeast genes expressed during lager beer fermentation (2007)

Abstract It has been proposed that bottom‐fermenting yeast strains of Saccharomyces pastorianus possess at least two types of genomes. Sequences of genes of one genome [ S. cerevisiae (Sc)‐type] have been found to be highly homologous (more than 90% identity) to S. cerevisiae S288C sequences, while those of the other [Lager (Lg)‐type] are less so. To identify and discriminate Lg‐type from Sc‐type genes expressed during lager beer fermentation, normalized cDNA libraries were constructed and analysed. From approximately 22 000 ESTs, 3892 Sc‐type and 2695 Lg‐type ORFs were identified. Expression patterns of Sc‐ and Lg‐type genes did not correlate with particular cell functions in KEGG classification system. Moreover, 405 independent clones were isolated that have no significant homology with sequences in the S288C database, suggesting that they include the b ottom‐ f ermenting y east‐specific ( BFY ) genes. Most of BFY genes have significant homology with the S. bayanus genome. The DNA sequences of S. pastorianus non‐Sc‐type ORFs were submitted to DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL under Accession Nos CJ992285‐CJ998763. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Range and Endurance Estimates for Battery-Powered Aircraft (2011)

T HE utility and cost effectiveness of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has seen a large increase in their use, in both civilian and military applications. Depending on the particular requirements, the aircraft may be powered using a piston-gasoline engine or an electric motor. Electric propulsion appears to be favored as the UAV size diminishes or if stealth, in terms of acoustic signature, is a design requirement. Expressions to estimate the range and endurance of piston propeller and jet aircraft are well established [1,2] (the Breguet equations). Estimates for the range and endurance of electric aircraft are less well established [3,4] and may not be presented in a fashion consistent with that typically employed in the aeronautics community. Consideration of the propulsion system would suggest that equating the power delivered by the battery, accounting for losses due to the propeller, motor, and motor controller, to the power required to overcome drag would yield performance estimates. While this approach is sound, the behavior of a battery and its effective capacity, depending on the current draw (the so-called Peukert effect [5]), should be accounted for; otherwise, significant estimation errors may occur. Consequently, in this Note, expressions are derived to estimate the range and endurance of a battery-powered electric aircraft, accounting for battery discharge behavior. The impact of ignoring the Peukert effect is investigated. Parameters affecting performance are examined.
Depth-sensitive Raman spectroscopy for skin wound evaluation in rodents (2019)

Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated great potential for skin wound assessment. Given that biochemical changes in wound healing is depth dependent as the skin is a layered structure, depth sensitive Raman spectroscopy could enhance the power of Raman spectroscopy in this application. Considering the critical importance of rodent studies in the field of skin wound assessment, it is necessary to develop and validate a system that can perform depth sensitive measurements in rat skin with a proper target depth range. In this manuscript, we report the design, optimization and evaluation of a new snapshot depth-sensitive Raman instrument for rat skin measurements. The optical design and optimization process are presented first. The depth sensitive measurement performance is characterized on both <i>ex vivo</i> porcine skin with a gradient of layer thickness and <i>ex vivo</i> rat skin samples with wounds. The statistical analysis of the measured Raman spectra demonstrates the feasibility of differentiation between the wound edge and healthy skin. Moreover, the accuracy of classification improves monotonically as more data from new depths are used, which implies that each depth offers additional information useful for classification. This instrument demonstrates the ability to perform snapshot depth sensitive Raman measurements from rat skin, which paves the way towards <i>in vivo</i> preclinical studies of rat skin wounds.
Dimeric form of diphtheria toxin: purification and characterization (1986)

Many preparations of diphtheria toxin were found to contain dimeric and multimeric toxin forms. The monomeric and dimeric forms were fractionated to greater than 98% purity, and their properties were compared. Dimeric toxin slowly dissociated to native monomers in solution at neutral pH and could be rapidly dissociated with dimethyl sulfoxide. In cell culture assays and rabbit skin tests, the dimer exhibited no significant toxic activity, except for that attributable to trace contamination by monomer, or partial dissociation to monomer during the incubation period. In guinea pig lethality tests, however, toxic activity varied depending upon the dose. At least 7-fold greater amounts of dimer than monomer (161 ng vs. 22 ng, respectively) were required to cause death at 18 h, whereas similar weights of the two toxin forms (22 ng) caused death at 120 h. This variability probably reflected slow dissociation of dimer to monomer in the animal. The dimer was unable to bind toxin receptors on the surface of susceptible cells, whereas it retained full activity in the ADP-ribosyltransferase, NAD-glycohydrolase, or ligand-binding assays. Thus, the lack of toxicity of the dimeric toxin may have resulted from distortion or occlusion of the receptor binding site on the B moiety. We propose that the dimer contains two monomeric units bound by hydrophobic interactions and that the points of contact involve regions of the B moieties that are normally buried in the native monomer.
Context Aware Local Differential Privacy (2020)

Local differential privacy (LDP) is a strong notion of privacy for individual users that often comes at the expense of a significant drop in utility. The classical definition of LDP assumes that all elements in the data domain are equally sensitive. However, in many applications, some symbols are more sensitive than others. This work proposes a context-aware framework of local differential privacy that allows a privacy designer to incorporate the application's context into the privacy definition. For binary data domains, we provide a universally optimal privatization scheme and highlight its connections to Warner's randomized response (RR) and Mangat's improved response. Motivated by geolocation and web search applications, for $k$-ary data domains, we consider two special cases of context-aware LDP: block-structured LDP and high-low LDP. We study discrete distribution estimation and provide communication-efficient, sample-optimal schemes and information-theoretic lower bounds for both models. We show that using contextual information can require fewer samples than classical LDP to achieve the same accuracy.
In-vitro susceptibility of <i>Klebsiella</i> oxytoca strains to 13 β-lactams in the presence and absence of β-lactamase inhibitors (1996)

The susceptibility of Klebsiella oxytoca isolates was tested by an agar diffusion method (167 strains collected in six countries) and an agar dilution method (38 strains). Multivariate analysis of inhibition zone diameters by principal component analysis clearly individualised four susceptibility patterns, including the phenotype of strains overproducing beta-lactamase and resistant to penicillins, first-generation cephalosporins, cefuroxime and aztreonam, but susceptible to ceftazidime. This phenotype was different from that conferred by plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamases; strains expressing these enzymes were also resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime. The bla(oxy) gene from K. oxytoca was introduced into Escherichia coli and K. oxytoca recipients and conferred increased resistance to beta-lactams in the recipient cells. Clavulanic acid was effective in association with piperacillin (MIC decreased 36-fold), ceftriaxone (35-fold) and aztreonam (19-fold) against overproducing strains, in spite of a relatively high IC50 (0.3 microM). Sulbactam (IC50, 400 microM) was ineffective in this context when combined with piperacillin (MIC decreased 1.5-fold), ceftriaxone (1.6-fold) and aztreonam (1.6-fold). The inhibitory activity of tazobactam (IC50, 8.2 microM) was heterogeneous depending on the strain and the beta-lactam with which it was combined. When combined with piperacillin or ceftriaxone little potentiation in antibiotic activity occurred (MIC decreased 3.9-fold and 4.5-fold, respectively); however, tazobactam plus aztreonam resulted in a 50-fold decrease in MIC of antibiotic.
Optical Properties of Amorphous and Polycrystalline Stibnite (Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>) Films (1995)

A systematic optical absorption study near the fundamental absorption edge was carried out on both amorphous and polycrystalline films of Stibnite in the temperature range 90-320 K. Films were grown using naturally occurring single crystals of Stibnite. The optical band gap of thermally evaporated films which have the stoichiometry Sb43S57 was determined to be direct and temperature dependant. The band gap of amorphous phase at any temperature is considerably less than that of crystalline ones. The temperature dependence of band gap in both the cases agrees well with Varshni formula. The optical gap at 0 K for amorphous and crystalline films were determined by fitting experimental data to Varshni formula to be 1.95 eV and 2.13 eV with the temperature coefficient of band gap -8.72 ×10-4 eV/K and - 7 ×10-4 eV/K respectively. We strongly believe that the band gap value depends on the sulphur content in the films. The films of thickness greater than 2000 Å show interference pattern in the transmission spectra. The optical constants n and k were determined using the interference fringes in the wavelength range 600 – 900 nm for film thickness 2000 – 8000 Å. In both cases n and k show thickness dependence.
Channel Assignment Strategies for Multiradio Wireless Mesh Networks: Issues and Solutions (2007)

Next-generation wireless mobile communications will be driven by converged networks that integrate disparate technologies and services. The wireless mesh network is envisaged to be one of the key components in the converged networks of the future, providing flexible high- bandwidth wireless backhaul over large geographical areas. While single radio mesh nodes operating on a single channel suffer from capacity constraints, equipping mesh routers with multiple radios using multiple nonoverlap- ping channels can significantly alleviate the capacity problem and increase the aggregate bandwidth available to the network. However, the assignment of channels to the radio interfaces poses significant challenges. The goal of channel assignment algorithms in multiradio mesh networks is to minimize interference while improving the aggregate network capacity and maintaining the connectivity of the network. In this article we examine the unique constraints of channel assignment in wireless mesh networks and identify the key factors governing assignment schemes, with particular reference to interference, traffic patterns, and multipath connectivity. After presenting a taxonomy of existing channel assignment algorithms for WMNs, we describe a new channel assignment scheme called MesTiC, which incorporates the mesh traffic pattern together with connectivity issues in order to minimize interference in multi- radio mesh networks.
Gene Codon Composition Determines Differentiation-Dependent Expression of a Viral Capsid Gene in Keratinocytes In Vitro and InVivo (2005)

By establishing mouse primary keratinocytes (KCs) in culture, we were able, for the first time, to express papillomavirus major capsid (L1) proteins by transient transfection of authentic or codon-modified L1 gene expression plasmids. We demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that gene codon composition is in part responsible for differentiation-dependent expression of L1 protein in KCs. L1 mRNA was present in similar amounts in differentiated and undifferentiated KCs transfected with authentic or codon-modified L1 genes and had a similar half-life, demonstrating that L1 protein production is posttranscriptionally regulated. We demonstrate further that KCs substantially change their tRNA profiles upon differentiation. Aminoacyl-tRNAs from differentiated KCs but not undifferentiated KCs enhanced the translation of authentic L1 mRNA, suggesting that differentiation-associated change to tRNA profiles enhances L1 expression in differentiated KCs. Thus, our data reveal a novel mechanism for regulation of gene expression utilized by a virus to direct viral capsid protein expression to the site of virion assembly in mature KCs. Analysis of two structural proteins of KCs, involucrin and keratin 14, suggests that translation of their mRNAs is also regulated, in association with KC differentiation in vitro, by a similar mechanism.
Bovine-Derived Bone Protein as a Bone Graft Substitute in a Canine Segmental Defect Model (1997)

The DBM + BP composite implants were more effective at healing critical-sized segmental defects than DBM alone in this canine model when a 3.0-milligram per implant dose of BP was used. Biomechanical and histologic properties of the regenerated bone formed by DBM + BP implants was comparable to that of cancellous autograft.
Effect of sodium fluoride, calcium carbonate, and vitamin D on the skeleton in multiple myeloma (1980)

Fifteen patients with multiple myeloma were treated with sodium fluoride (50 mg twice daily) plus calcium carbonate (1 g four times daily) or with the same fluoride-calcium dosage plus vitamin D (50,000 U twice weekly). All patients had increased bone formation, as shown by microradiography and videodensitometry. Ten patients had osteosclerosis demonstrated by roentgenograms. Compressive strength of the vertebral bodies was greater among those who received fluoride-calcium than among controls. Densitometry studies were not helpful. Side-effects were minimal and consisted of nausea and fibrositic symptoms. Hypocalcemia occurred less frequently in patients who received vitamin D along with fluoride-calcium. Administration of sodium fluoride and calcium carbonate produces an increase in bone mass and is a useful adjunct treatment for patients with multiple myeloma.
Effects of three irreversible inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase on macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity and antitumor activity in B16F1 tumor-bearing mice. (1990)

The objective of the present investigation was to compare the effects of three ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors on tumoricidal macrophage and antitumor activities in vivo. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), (2R,5R)-6-heptyne-2,5-diamine, and alpha-(fluoromethyl)dehydroornithine methyl ester (delta MFMOme) were administered continuously in drinking water starting on Day 1 to B16F1 tumor-bearing mice. DFMO, (2R,5R)-6-heptyne-2,5-diamine, and delta MFMOme reduced B16F1 tumor growth, measured on Day 18, up to 87, 79, and 95%, respectively. Similarly, all three ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors reduced B16F1 putrescine and spermidine levels. delta MFMOme was substantially more effective both as an antitumor agent and in reducing polyamines. Both DFMO and delta MFMOme augmented macrophage tumoricidal activity directed against B16F1 target cells. MAP had no effect on macrophage tumoricidal activity. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages from delta MFMOme-treated mice also exhibited an increase in interleukin and tumor necrosis factor levels. Furthermore, treatment with a known macrophage activator, gamma-interferon, enhanced the antitumor activity of delta MFMOme. delta MFMOme did not alter natural killer cell activity; however, cytolytic T-lymphocyte induction was reduced by 40 to 50%. These results demonstrate that, in addition to their established antitumor activity, ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors may also potentiate specific tumoricidal effector cell generation in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN‐NITROGEN LINKED HETEROCYCLES. PART 16. REACTIONS BETWEEN CARBANIONS DERIVED FROM CARBON ACIDS WITH PKA 7‐14 AND N‐(2,6‐DIMETHYL‐4‐OXOPYRIDIN‐1‐YL)PYRIDINIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES; OBSERVATION OF PYRIDINE RING‐OPENING REACTIONS (1982)

Abstract Aus den sauren Verbindungen (II), deren pK a ‐Werte zwischen 7‐14 liegen, werden mit Basen die entsprechenden Carbanionen erzeugt und in situ mit dem Pyridiniumsalz (I) umgesetzt, wobei regiospezifisch die 1,4‐Dihydro‐Addukte (III) entstehen.
The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver (1971)

The third in a now-classic series of five articles in which Rodbell concluded that GTP was likely the active biological factor
 in separating glucagon from the cell's receptor, which had important implications for the treatment of various disorders
 and diseases. In this article, Rodbell established that the glucagon receptor is involved in the activation of the enzyme
 adenyl cyclase and that intracellular signaling is achieved through specific GTP-binding heterotrimeric G-proteins.
Nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab for the treatment of melanoma (2015)

Melanoma patients develop resistance to most therapies, including chemo- and targeted-therapy drugs. Single-agent therapies are ineffective due to the heterogeneous nature of tumors comprising several subpopulations. Treatment of melanoma with immune-based therapies such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation-4 and anti-programmed death-1 antibodies has shown modest but long-lasting responses. Unfortunately, only subsets of melanoma patients respond to antibody-based therapies. Heterogeneity in lymphocyte infiltration and low frequency of anti-melanoma-reactive T-cells in tumor lesions are partly responsible for a lack of response to antibody-based therapies. Both antibodies have same biological function but they bind to different ligands at various phases of T-cell activity. Thus, combination therapy of antibodies has shown superior response rates than single-agent therapy. However, toxicity is a cause of concern in these therapies. Future identification of therapy-response biomarkers, mobilization of tumor-reactive T-cell infiltration using cancer vaccines, or non-specific targeted-therapy drugs will minimize toxicity levels and provide long-term remissions in melanoma patients.
Four types of .BETA.-xylosidases from Penicillium wortmanni IFO 7237. (1987)

Four types of β-xylosidases from a concentrated culture filtrate of Penicillium wortmanni IFO 7237, designated as xylosidase-1, -2, -3, and -4 were purified to homogeneity on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by an alcohol precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. The molecular weights of xylosidase-1, -2, -3, and -4 were estimated to be 110, 000, 195, 000, 210, 000, and 180, 000 respectively and their isoelectric points to be 3.7, 4.28, 4.6, and 4.8. The pH optima of β-xylosidase activities were from 3 to 4.5. The optimum temperature for enzyme activities was from 55°C to 65°C. On the enzymic hydrolysis of phenyl β-Dxyloside, the reaction product of each enzyme was found to be β-D-xylose with retention of configuration. All the four β-xylosidases were free of α-xylosidase and β-glucosidase activities. All the enzyme activities of four β-xylosidases were strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and N-bromosuccinimide. With respect to the hydrolysis patterns and HPLC analysis of hydrolyzates from xylooligosaccharides, xylosidase-2 was totally different from other three as a distinct enzyme. Xylosidase-1 was also in a separate group although xylosidase-3 and -4 showed closely related action patterns as a different group.
Comparison of Surgical Results According to Surgical Methods in Simulated Divergence Excess Exotropia (2004)

Purpose: Surgeons perform either symmetrical lateral rectus recession or monocular recession of the lateral rectus and resection of the medial rectus (recession/resection procedure) in order to correct simulated divergence excess intermittent exotropia, X(T). We compared the results of these two procedures using surgical outcomes. Methods: A total of 49 patients with simulated divergence excess X(T) were included in this study; among these 49, 32 underwent symmetrical lateral rectus recession and 17 underwent recession/resection procedure. Surgery was defined successful when the horizontal angle of deviation was within 8 prism diopters or less at distance and near at the last follow-up. Results: The rate of success at the time of final follow-up was 68.8% in those who underwent symmetrical lateral rectus recession and 70.6% in those who underwent recession/resection procedure, showing no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, there were also no significant differences in the undercorrection, overcorrection rates and the decrease in the deviation at distance and near between the two surgical procedures (p>0.05). Conclusions: No difference was present between the two methods examined in this study; thus, either of the two methods would be suitable for the correction of simulated divergence excess X(T).
Fundamentals of Pricing and Revenue Management (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Airline Prices and O-D Markets Airline Differential Pricing Airline Revenue Management References