gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heparinized Polymers as Thromboresistant Biomaterials (1981)

Abstract A major research field of recent development concerns the synthesis and evaluation of thromboresistant polymers for use in heart valves, artificial hearts, ventricular assist devices, and external devices such as heart-lung and kidney machines. Although a wide variety of plastics and elastomers is available, none is completely satisfactory for long-term use in contact with blood.
The Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer (LORCA) as red blood cell aggregometer. (2001)

The Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer (LORCA) is unique in its capacity to measure at least two important hemorheological parameters, i.e., deformability of red blood cells (RBC) as well as their aggregation behaviour. In this communication the main principles and characteristics of the aggregometer mode of this instrument are described. Via syllectometry (i.e., laser backscatter versus time), the method allows the measure of both static and kinetic parameters of the aggregation process, e.g., total extent of aggregation, aggregation half time and a combination of these, defined as aggregation index. When the syllectogram deviates from that representing normal rouleaux formation, e.g., in the case of RBC clump formation, this is signalled by a fit error. Maximal flexibility is obtained by various options like an automated re-iteration procedure (which enables to measure the aggregation tendency and/or the aggregate stability) and aggregation at low shear rate. Experiments dealing with reproducibility, stability and sensitivity of the instrument are described. The latter include a few "classic" methods for inducing subtle changes in RBC aggregation behaviour both regarding cellular factors (heat treatment) and changes in medium constituents (fibrinogen, dextrans).It can be concluded that the aggregometer mode of the LORCA considerably increases the feasibility of this instrument for hemorheological investigations.
Cloning of a balanced translocation breakpoint mapping in the DiGeorge syndrome critical region (1994)

Modern and ancient human feces (coprolites) and modern nonhuman animal fecal samples were subjected to headspace gas-chromatographic analysis for detection of odors related to dietary intake. The odors of grass, green leaves, licorice, meat, and corn were detected in coprolites dating to 6400 years BP (before present). Analysis of modern human samples revealed a large number of odors reflecting dietary constituents. The complexity and number of fecal dietary odors recovered was directly related to the number of food items ingested. Animal fecal odorgrams were characterized by a relatively large number of pleasant odors. Fecal odorgrams represent a new method by which modern and ancient diets may be partially reconstructed.
Biologic Effects of Transdermal Estradiol (1986)

We conducted a dose-response study in 23 postmenopausal women to compare the physiologic effects of transdermal estradiol and oral conjugated equine estrogens. The doses studied were 25, 50, 100, and 200 micrograms of transdermal estradiol per 24 hours, and 0.625 and 1.25 mg of oral conjugated estrogens. Transdermal estradiol increased circulating concentrations of estradiol and estrone. Oral conjugated estrogens also raised the levels of estrogen, particularly estrone. Both preparations lowered gonadotropin levels, decreased the percentages of vaginal parabasal cells, increased the percentage of superficial cells, and lowered urinary calcium excretion. The effects of 0.625 and 1.25 mg of oral estrogens were similar to those of 50 and 100 micrograms of transdermal estradiol per 24 hours, respectively. Oral estrogens significantly increased circulating levels of renin substrate, sex-hormone-binding globulin, thyroxine-binding globulin, and cortisol-binding globulin; transdermal estradiol had no effect. The higher dose of oral estrogens had favorable effects on concentrations of low-density and high-density lipoproteins, but transdermal estradiol did not. Neither preparation affected any of the four clotting factors studied. These data indicate that transdermal estradiol can elicit many of the desirable actions of estrogen while avoiding the pharmacologic effects of oral estrogens on hepatic proteins.
A site for CD4 binding in the beta 1 domain of the MHC class II protein HLA-DR1. (1998)

Using a lymphocyte binding assay, we have previously demonstrated that the CD4 protein can mediate cell adhesion by direct interaction with MHC class II molecules. In this report, we have used this assay to test whether synthetic peptides, corresponding to DR beta sequences, could inhibit CD4-class II adhesion. A peptide derived from sequences within the beta1 domain (DR beta 41-55), as well as two peptides derived from sequences within the beta 2 domain (DR beta 121-135 and DR beta 141-155), were shown to inhibit CD4-class II adhesion. Inasmuch as a site for CD4 binding in the beta 2 domain had been previously documented, these studies were designed to investigate the role of the beta 1 domain as an additional site of interaction with CD4. Sixteen site-specific mutations were engineered within the beta1 domain of DR beta 1*0101. Several mutations were shown to disrupt CD4-dependent T cell activation. Based on these results, we propose a model for the molecular interaction of CD4 with MHC class II proteins in which both the beta 1 and beta 2 domains of class II interact with the two amino-terminal Ig-like domains of CD4.
Active gyrator (1967)

An active gyrator has both amplifying and impedance-inverting characteristics. A simple method of obtaining an active gyrator using two controlled-current sources is described. Such a circuit has inherent negative input and output resistances; so that ideal impedance-inverting char acteristics may be obtained. A simple experiment shows good agreement with theory.
Dual-Mode Low-Complexity Codebook Searching Algorithm and VLSI Architecture for LTE/LTE-Advanced Systems (2013)

Codebook is a useful precoding technique for bandwidth limited systems because only few bits are required to feedback channel information. Many researchers propose several codebook selection criteria for linear receivers. However, these selection criteria are very computationally intensive, and most of them are not feasible for aperiodic feedback reporting in both LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems. Under the limited processing hardware and feedback delay constraints, low-complexity receivers with efficient codebook selection scheme are desirable. In this work, a low-complexity codebook searching engine is proposed to support both LTE and LTE-A operations. Also, it can be operated for both aperiodic and periodic feedback reporting. The properties and mutual correlations of the LTE and LTE-A codebooks are firstly analyzed. Then, a low-complexity grouping FFT-based codebook searching algorithm is proposed, which can be shared by LTE and LTE-A systems. Since the proposed algorithm is an algorithmic transformation, there is no performance loss. The proposed schemes have significant effect of reducing the number of multiplications by 56% compared with referenced works. Finally, a dual-mode low-complexity codebook searching engine with TSMC 90 nm is implemented. The IP size is 2.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the equivalent gate count is 547.6 K. The operating frequency is 125 MHz.
Decomposable negation normal form (2001)

Knowledge compilation has been emerging recently as a new direction of research for dealing with the computational intractability of general propositional reasoning. According to this approach, the reasoning process is split into two phases: an off-line compilation phase and an on-line query-answering phase. In the off-line phase, the propositional theory is compiled into some target language, which is typically a tractable one. In the on-line phase, the compiled target is used to efficiently answer a (potentially) exponential number of queries. The main motivation behind knowledge compilation is to push as much of the computational overhead as possible into the off-line phase, in order to amortize that overhead over all on-line queries. Another motivation behind compilation is to produce very simple on-line reasoning systems, which can be embedded cost-effectively into primitive computational platforms, such as those found in consumer electronics.One of the key aspects of any compilation approach is the target language into which the propositional theory is compiled. Previous target languages included Horn theories, prime implicates/implicants and ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs). We propose in this paper a new target compilation language, known as decomposable negation normal form (DNNF), and present a number of its properties that make it of interest to the broad community. Specifically, we show that DNNF is universal; supports a rich set of polynomial--time logical operations; is more space-efficient than OBDDs; and is very simple as far as its structure and algorithms are concerned. Moreover, we present an algorithm for converting any propositional theory in clausal form into a DNNF and show that if the clausal form has a bounded treewidth, then its DNNF compilation has a linear size and can be computed in linear time (treewidth is a graph-theoretic parameter that measures the connectivity of the clausal form). We also propose two techniques for approximating the DNNF compilation of a theory when the size of such compilation is too large to be practical. One of the techniques generates a sound but incomplete compilation, while the other generates a complete but unsound compilation. Together, these approximations bound the exact compilation from below and above in terms of their ability to answer clausal entailment queries. Finally, we show that the class of polynomial--time DNNF operations is rich enough to support relatively complex AI applications, by proposing a specific framework for compiling model-based diagnosis systems.
Type 1 Diabetes Environmental Factors and Correspondence Analysis of HLA Class II Genes in the Yemenite Jewish Community in Israel (2001)

The genetic distinctiveness of Yemenite Jews may explain their unusually high incidence of type 1 diabetes in Israel. Despite the presence of highly susceptible diabetogenic HL4 class II genes in this community, early exposure to cow's milk did not cause phenotypic expression of diabetes in Yemen. This finding suggests that in this population, either cow's milk does not play a crucial role in triggering diabetes, or environmentally conferred protection, such as frequent infectious disease in Yemen, was dominant.
A route towards production-worthy 5 &#x00B5;m &#x00D7; 25 &#x00B5;m and 1 &#x00B5;m &#x00D7; 20 &#x00B5;m non-Bosch through-silicon-via (TSV) etch, TSV metrology, and TSV integration (2009)

We report a process development route towards 300 mm production-worthy non-Bosch through-silicon-via (TSV) etch with critical dimensions and via spacing between 1-5 mum and aspect ratios (ARs) up to 20:1 for 3D logic integration. This was performed on an experimental alpha-tool from Tokyo Electron: a magnetically enhanced capacitively coupled plasma etcher with a dipole ring magnet upgrade that aims to capture the strengths (anisotropicity, profile uniformity) while reducing the weaknesses (scalloping, undercut, residues) of a nominal Bosch process. Trending experiments were performed to understand key modulators that contribute to the control of sidewall taper and roughness, etched TSV volume and depth, mask undercut, local bowing effects, and within wafer (WIW) center-to-edge depth and profile uniformity. Selected process-of-records in fabricating TSVs with nominal sizes of 5 mum times 25 mum, 5 mum times 40 mum and 1 mum times 20 mum with ~ 1% WIW depth uniformity, negligible silicon scalloping/mask undercut, and good profile control were developed. These include vertical TSVs and tapered TSVs for different 3D wafer stacking applications. For TSV metrology, assessments were conducted using wafer thickness sensor technology (Tamar Technology, Inc) that is not limited by AR: an optical, non-invasive, and high throughput sensor that measures the etched depth of vias using backside IR illumination. In having a continuous 2 kAring TEOS oxide liner/100 Aring Ta(TaN) barrier/5 kAring Cu seed stack enabled by TSV etch, Cu-filled TSVs of 3 mum times 20 mum and 5 mum times 25 mum were demonstrated.
Staphylococcal phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Staphylococcus carnosus ptsI gene and expression and complementation studies of the gene product (1992)

A digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe that was complementary to the gene ptsH and the beginning of the gene ptsI was used to clone a 3.2-kb HincII-BamHI restriction fragment containing the complete ptsI gene of Staphylococcus carnosus. The restriction fragment was cloned in the antisense orientation to the lac promoter in the low-copy-number vector pSU18. The nucleotide sequences of the ptsI gene, which encodes enzyme I (EC 2.7.3.9), and the corresponding flanking regions were determined. The primary translation product, derived from the nucleotide sequence, consists of 574 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 63,369. Amino acid sequence comparison showed 47% similarity to enzyme I of Escherichia coli and 37% similarity to the enzyme I domain of the multiphosphoryl transfer protein of Rhodobacter capsulatus. The histidinyl residue at position 191 could be identified as the probable phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation site of enzyme I of S. carnosus because of sequence homologies with the peptide sequences of enzyme I-active sites of Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus lactis. Several in vivo and in vitro complementation studies with the enzyme I ptsI genes of S. carnosus and the E. coli ptsI mutant JLT2 were carried out. The generation times and interaction between enzyme I with histidine-containing protein from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were measured in a phosphoryl group transfer test.
A Systematic Study of the Photophysical Processes in Polydentate Triphenylene-Functionalized Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Tb<sup>3+</sup>, Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup>, and Er<sup>3+</sup> Complexes (2000)

m-Terphenyl-based lanthanide complexes functionalized with a triphenylene antenna chromophore ((Ln)1) exhibit sensitized visible and near-infrared emission upon photoexcitation of the triphenylene antenna at 310 nm. Luminescence lifetime measurements of the (Eu)1 and (Tb)1 complexes in methanol-h1 and methanol-d1 revealed that one methanol molecule is coordinated to the lanthanide ion, indicating that all eight donor atoms provided by the ligand are involved in the encapsulation of the lanthanide ion. The luminescence lifetimes of the near-IR-emitting complexes (Er)1, (Nd)1, and (Yb)1 in DMSO-h6 and DMSO-d6 are in the microsecond range, and are dominated by nonradiative deactivation of the luminescent state. The processes preceding the lanthanide luminescence in the sensitization process have been studied in detail. The complexed lanthanide ion reduces the antenna fluorescence and increases the intersystem crossing rate via an external heavy atom effect. The subsequent energy-transfer process was found to take place via the antenna triplet state in all complexes. Luminescence quantum yield measurements and transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that in solution two conformational isomers of the complexes exist: one in which no energy transfer takes place, and one in which the energy transfer does take place, resulting in the lanthanide luminescence. The intramolecular energy-transfer rate is higher in the (Eu)1 and (Tb)1 complexes than in the near-infrared-emitting complexes. In methanol the energy-transfer rate is 3.8 × 107 s-1 for (Eu)1 and (Tb)1. In DMSO-d6 the intramolecular energy-transfer rate is higher in the (Nd)1 complex (1.3 × 107 s-1) than in the (Er)1 (3.8 × 106 s-1) and (Yb)1 (4.9 × 106 s-1) complexes.
Fourth DecTec Africa held : trade shows (2011)

I popped into the fourth DecTec Africa labelling, product decoration and packaging conference, held on 27-28 June at the Hilton Sandton.
Characterization of a new oriental-mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) allergen, <i>Bra</i> <i>j</i> IE: detection of an allergenic epitope (1993)

Bra j IE, a major allergen from oriental-mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds, has been isolated and characterized. Its primary structure has been elucidated. This protein is composed of two chains (37 and 92 amino acids) linked by disulphide bridges. The amino acid sequence obtained is closely related to that previously determined for Sin a I, an allergen isolated from yellow mustard (Sinapis alba). A common epitope has been detected in the large chain of both Bra j IE and Sin a I by means of electroblotting and immunodetection with 2B3, which is a monoclonal antibody raised against the yellow-mustard allergen. A histidine residue of the large chain of both mustard allergens has been found to be essential for the recognition by 2B3 antibody. A synthetic multiantigenic peptide containing this His was recognized by 2B3 as well as by sera of mustard-hypersensitive individuals. Therefore this antigenic determinant must be involved in the allergenicity of these proteins.
Accuracy of an Electronic Problem List from Primary Care Providers and Specialists (2013)

Accurate patient problem lists in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are valuable tools for improving the quality of care, communication among professionals, facilitating research, quality measurement and the implementation of clinical decision support systems. However, problem lists are frequently inaccurate and out-of-date, and use varies widely across providers. These deficiencies limit problem list benefits. We decided to check if accuracy of problem lists-assessed at a granular level of detail-registered in EHRs depended on the specialty of the physician (primary care providers vs. specialists), and in the event that such differences did occur, whether or not accuracy had also been affected by the work environment. By using registered problems and taking the generated clinical document, we designed a cross-sectional survey following the guidelines of the Clinical Document Architecture standard. Problems registered by primary care providers have a higher level of accuracy than those registered by specialists in all settings considered (emergency unit, inpatient and outpatient). The work environment also significantly affects the accuracy level of problems registered.
Conversion of lens slit lamp photographs into physical light-scattering units. (1999)

From normal slit lamp photographs, the physical quantity for light (back) scattering can be derived using transformation graphs derived in this study. The LOCS III NO score also can be used for clear lenses and translated into physical units. In this way, slit lamp photography can be used better for more precise studies, provided some minimal calibration of the photograph slit lamp.
Advanced event scheduling methodology (2003)

Simulation event graphs (SEGs) are a graphical representation one of the three major simulation world views, event scheduling. This paper describes four advanced modeling techniques that allow the simulation practitioner to gather a great deal of information at relatively little development and/or processing effort beyond that of developing the simulation model.
SDMA: A semi-distributed mobility anchoring in LTE networks (2013)

We present a novel mobility management scheme for the Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, where a part of mobility management tasks is transferred from the mobile core network (i.e., Evolved Packet Core (EPC)) to the backhaul network. In this approach, a part of inter-eNodeB handovers of user equipments (UEs) are managed by control nodes in the backhaul in contrast to the standard LTE, where such handovers are exclusively handled by the EPC. For this purpose, we utilize the concept of software-defined networking (SDN) and OpenFlow protocol to realize control nodes for the backhaul network, which facilitate implementation of sophisticated traffic management schemes. We present the architecture and associated protocols, and evaluate the performance gains and scalability of our proposed scheme. We find that the proposed scheme considerably reduces the mobility-related signaling load to EPC. Additionally, the use of SDN/OpenFlow eliminates the need for conventional mobility tunnels, which results in improving the efficiency of data transport in the network.
Human Cytomegalovirus Genes in the 15-Kilobase Region Are Required for Viral Replication in Implanted Human Tissues in SCID Mice (2005)

Since animal models for studying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in vivo and pathogenesis are not available, severe combined immunodeficiency mice into which human tissues were implanted (SCID-hu mice) provide an alternative and valuable model for such studies. The HCMV clinical isolates, including those of the Toledo strain, replicate to high titers in human tissue implanted into SCID mice; however, the attenuated AD169 strain has completely lost this ability. The major difference between Toledo and AD169 is a 15-kb segment, encoding 19 open reading frames, which is present in all virulent strains but deleted from attenuated strains. This fact suggests that crucial genes required for HCMV replication in vivo are localized to this region. In this study, the importance of this 15-kb segment for HCMV replication in vivo was determined. First, Toledo(BAC) virus (produced from a Toledo bacterial artificial chromosome) and AD169 virus were tested for growth in SCID-hu mice. Toledo(BAC), like Toledo, grew to high titers in implanted human thymus and liver tissues, while AD169 did not. This outcome showed that the Toledo genome propagated in bacteria (Toledo(BAC)) retained its virulence. The 15-kb segment was then deleted from Toledo(BAC), and the resulting virus, Toledo(Delta15kb), was tested for growth in both human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells and SCID-hu mice. Toledo(Delta15kb) had a minor growth defect in HFF but completely failed to replicate in human thymus and liver implants. This failure to grow was rescued when the 15-kb region was inserted back into the Toledo(Delta15kb) genome. These results directly demonstrated that the genes located in the 15-kb segment are crucial for HCMV replication in vivo.
Multidimensional High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1980)

Multidimensional chromatography is a technique where fractions from one chromatographic column are transferred to one or more chromatographic columns (or modes) for further separation. It is mostly used for better resolution of complex samples or for sample cleanup prior to analysis. The technique can be carried out off-line or on-line. The on-line technique is preferred for convenience, automation, and better quantitation. The off-line technique is best used when the solvents of the modes are not compatible or when the concentration of the components of interest are too low and require concentration prior to injection into the second column. This paper reviews multidimensional chromatography where the primary separation method is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the secondary technique is HPLC or gas chromatography (GC). On-line techniques are emphasized. Examples shown for LC/LC are pesticide in tomato plants and vitamins in protein food supplement, and for LC/GC a herbicide in sorghum using a unique interface.