gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impairment of Bacterial Flora in Human Ulcerative Colitis and Experimental Colitis in the Rat (1993)

Changes in the colonic mucosa-associated microflora were determined both in patients with active and inactive ulcerative colitis and in rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. In patients with active ulcerative colitis, significant decreases in the number of anaerobic bacteria (Brain Heart Infusion medium), anaerobic gram-negatives and Lactobacillus were found, whereas no changes were seen in the number of aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. In patients with inactive ulcerative colitis, no significant differences in colonic mucosa-associated microflora could be demonstrated. Similar changes were seen in rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. Thus, 4 days after acetic acid administration, at which time the colitis was well developed as evaluated by morphological appearance and myeloperoxidase activity, reduction in the number of anaerobic bacteria and Lactobacillus was seen. The first day after acetic acid administration, when the colitis had not developed, or after 14 days, when the colitis had been overcome, no alterations were seen in the mucosa-associated microflora as compared with control rats. We conclude that a reduction in the number of anaerobic bacteria and Lactobacillus is a common feature in active colitis regardless of the origin of colitis.
Localisation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Using Radionics Image Fusion<sup>TM</sup> and Stereoplan<sup>TM</sup> Combined with Field Potential Recording (2001)

Subthalamic nucleus stimulation is an effective therapy for alleviating parkinsonian tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Although microelectrode recording is said to be essential for accurate targeting, this often prolongs the operation and the multiple recording tracts required may increase the incidence of complications, particularly haemorrhage. We describe a technique for implantation of deep brain electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus using MRI/CT fusion for anatomical localisation followed by bipolar recording of focal field potentials via the implanted stimulating electrode for neurophysiological confirmation of the stimulation site. The technique is effective, safe and requires much less time, and can be used as an alternative method to microelectrode recording.
Broad Oxygen Tolerance in the Nematode <i>Caenorhabditis Elegans</i> (2000)

This study examined the effects of oxygen tensions ranging from 0 to 90 kPa on the metabolic rate (rate of carbon dioxide production), movement and survivorship of the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans requires oxygen to develop and survive. However, it can maintain a normal metabolic rate at oxygen levels of 3.6 kPa and has near-normal metabolic rates at oxygen levels as low as 2 kPa. The ability to withstand low ambient oxygen levels appears to be a consequence of the small body size of C. elegans, which allows diffusion to supply oxygen readily to the cells without requiring any specialized respiratory or metabolic adaptations. Thus, the small size of this organism pre-adapts C. elegans to living in soil environments that commonly become hypoxic. Movement in C. elegans appears to have a relatively minor metabolic cost. Several developmental stages of C. elegans were able to withstand up to 24 h of anoxia without major mortality. Longer periods of anoxia significantly increased mortality, particularly for eggs. Remarkably, long-term exposure to 100 % oxygen had no effect on the metabolic rate of C. elegans, and populations were able to survive for a least 50 generations in 100 % (90 kPa) oxygen. Such hyperoxic conditions are fatal to most organisms within a short period.
P2Y RECEPTOR ASSAYS RETROSPECTIVELY (2000)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2000 P2Y RECEPTOR ASSAYS RETROSPECTIVELY J. Järv; J. Järv 1Institute of Chemical Physics, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. Sak K. Sak 1Institute of Chemical Physics, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): A199. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a199c Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. Järv, K. Sak; P2Y RECEPTOR ASSAYS RETROSPECTIVELY. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): A199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a199c Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation of nematic phase and alignment of nematic director from a supercooled thermotropic liquid crystal (2009)

A nonphotochemical laser-induced phase transition was studied in a supercooled 4;{'}-n -pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB, also referred to as PCB and K15) liquid crystal, using linearly polarized 45 ps light pulses at a wavelength of 532 nm. The laser induced nucleation from the metastable supercooled isotropic phase to the nematic phase during slow cooling (0.001 degrees C/min) and high light intensity (3.9 MW/cm{2}) . The resulting nematic director tended to be aligned along the direction of the plane of polarization of the light. At the intensities used, there is no observable laser-induced realignment of the director once the sample is in the nematic phase, nor any permanent laser-induced ordering when the sample is illuminated only in the stable isotropic phase during slow cooling. These experimental results are consistent with a mechanism based on optical Kerr alignment.
Influence of High‐Frequency Micro‐Forging on Microstructure and Properties of 304 Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Rapid Prototyping (2013)

Abstract We report the fabrication of the 304 stainless steel by the laser rapid prototyping harmonized with high‐frequency micro‐forging and demonstrate that both microstructure and properties of the prepared samples can be enhanced significantly. Structurally, we find that the large regular dendritic microstructure can be broken into pieces and that the internal defects are to some extent eliminated. Moreover, grains are refined remarkably. As a consequence of such structural modification, mechanical properties are found to be enhanced considerably by demonstrating a much broader fluctuation in tensile strength, a marked increase in tensile and yielding strength, and a drastic enhancement in surface hardness by 76% after the micro‐forging. Further calculations reveal that the defect region is shrunken substantially after micro‐forging. Detailed analysis of fractures in the tensile samples provides convincing evidence that plastic properties can be improved as well by the micro‐forging.
A plant gene for photolyase: an enzyme catalyzing the repair of UV‐light‐induced DNA damage (1993)

Photolyases are thought to be critical components of the defense of plants against damage to DNA by solar ultraviolet light, but nothing is known about their molecular or enzymatic nature. The molecular cloning of a photolyase from mustard (Sinapis alba) described here is intended to increase the knowledge about this important repair mechanism in plant species at a molecular level. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 501 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 57 kDa. There is a strong sequence similarity to bacterial and yeast photolyases, with a close relationship to enzymes with a deazaflavin chromophor. The plant photolyase is shown to be functional in Escherichia coli which also indicates conservation of photolyases during evolution. It is demonstrated that photolyase expression in plants is light induced, thus providing good evidence for the adaptation of plants to their environment in order to diminish the harmful effects of sunlight.
Optics for Microwave Applications (2005)

Advances in Laser technology, high speed modulation of light and optical interaction with solid state microwave devices have demonstrated the potential of optics for microwave applications such as RF spectrum analysis, fiber optic RF links and delay lines, phased array steering, microwave power control devices etc. This paper brings into focus current developments in the general area of optoelectromagnetics.
Farnesyl: proteintransferase inhibitors as agents to inhibit tumor growth (1997)

Ras, a signal-transducing protein involved in mediating growth factor-stimulated proliferation, is mutationally activated in over 30% of human tumors. To be functional Ras must bind to the inner surface of the plasma membrane, with post-translational lipid modifications being necessary for this localization. The essential, first modification of Ras is farnesylation catalyzed by the enzyme farnesyl: proteintransferase (FPTase). Inhibitors of FPTase (FTIs) are currently being tested to determine if they are capable of tumor growth inhibition. Here we describe our efforts, along with those of other groups, in testing the biological and biochemical effects of FTIs.
Effects of N2 addition on chemical dry etching of silicon oxide layers in F2∕N2∕Ar remote plasmas (2006)

In this study, chemical dry etching characteristics of silicon oxide layers were investigated in the F2∕N2∕Ar remote plasmas. A toroidal-type remote plasma source was used for the generation of remote plasmas. The effects of additive N2 gas on the etch rates of various silicon oxide layers deposited using different deposition techniques and precursors were investigated by varying the various process parameters, such as the F2 flow rate, the additive N2 flow rate, and the substrate temperature. The etch rates of the various silicon oxide layers at room temperature were initially increased and then decreased with the N2 flow increased, which indicates an existence of the maximum etch rates. Increase in the oxide etch rates under the decreased optical emission intensity of the F radicals with the N2 flow increased implies that the chemical etching reaction is in the chemical reaction-limited regime, where the etch rate is governed by the surface chemical reaction rather than the F radical density. The etch rates of the silicon oxide layers were also significantly increased with the substrate temperature increased. In the present experiments, the F2 gas flow, the additive N2 flow rate, and the substrate temperature were found to be the critical parameters in determining the etch rate of the silicon oxide layers.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. XXIX. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐(α‐(N‐SUBSTITUTED CARBAMOYL)‐β‐(5‐NITRO‐2‐FURYL)VINYL)FURANS AND 2‐(α‐(N′‐SUBSTITUTED UREIDO)‐β‐(5‐NITRO‐2‐FURYL)VINYL)FURANS (1978)

Abstract Aus der Säure (I) werden nach Umsetzung zum Säurechlorid durch Reaktion mit Aminen die Furanamide (II) erhalten.
An automatic wafer inspection system using pipelined image processing techniques (1988)

An automatic wafer pattern inspection system has been developed that can detect defective patterns 6 mu m or larger in multilayered wafer patterns at a speed 30 times faster than that of a human inspector. The false-alarm rate is less than 0.5 occurrences/chip. This performance is achieved mainly by the use of a special comparison method between two adjacent patterns obtained through a single optical setup, and also by the use of digital design pattern data (CAD data). The main functions of the design pattern data are to specify the inspection area, to designate optimum parameters for inspection, and to separate defective portions into different layers, thereby facilitating the classification of the defects. All image processing is performed in one pass by a high-speed pipeline-structured image processor that can analyze an input image signal at a 7 MHz video rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formation conditions of a magnetically ordered phase ɛ-Fe2O3. A FMR in situ study (2013)

The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) method in situ is used to study the initial stages of the formation of ɛ iron oxide nanoparticles deposited on silica gel at temperatures up to 600°C. It is shown that at high-temperature treatment of starting samples obtained by impregnation with an iron(II) sulfate solution, supermagnetic ɛ-Fe2O3/SiO2 nanoparticles form with a narrow size distribution. An analysis of the FMR data in comparison with the data of other methods enables the formulation of the formation conditions for systems of deposited ɛ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles without other polymorph impurities.
Anticryptococcal Activity of NK Cell-Enriched Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects: Responses to Interleukin-2, Interferon- , and Interleukin-12 (1995)

Anticryptococcal activity of highly purified NK cells from patients with either early asymptomatic or late-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection proved to be markedly impaired; activity was reproducibly restored to normal levels by in vitro addition of exogenous interleukin-12 (IL-12). For these highly purified NK cells, responses to IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) among HIV-infected patients were variable, with only 2 of 8 exhibiting significant responses to IL-2 or IFN-gamma. In contrast, IL-2 and IFN-gamma consistently enhanced anticryptococcal activity of mixed lymphocyte populations, cells that more closely approximate the network likely to be operational in vivo.
Synthesis, characterization, applications, and challenges of iron oxide nanoparticles (2016)

Recently, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much consideration due to their unique properties, such as superparamagnetism, surface-to-volume ratio, greater surface area, and easy separation methodology. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted to synthesize magnetic NPs with suitable surface chemistry. This review summarizes the methods for the preparation of iron oxide NPs, size and morphology control, and magnetic properties with recent bioengineering, commercial, and industrial applications. Iron oxides exhibit great potential in the fields of life sciences such as biomedicine, agriculture, and environment. Nontoxic conduct and biocompatible applications of magnetic NPs can be enriched further by special surface coating with organic or inorganic molecules, including surfactants, drugs, proteins, starches, enzymes, antibodies, nucleotides, nonionic detergents, and polyelectrolytes. Magnetic NPs can also be directed to an organ, tissue, or tumor using an external magnetic field for hyperthermic treatment of patients. Keeping in mind the current interest in iron NPs, this review is designed to report recent information from synthesis to characterization, and applications of iron NPs.
Effects of catabolic and anabolic cytokines on proteoglycan biosynthesis in young, old and osteoarthritic canine cartilage (1990)

Conference Article| October 01 1990 Effects of catabolic and anabolic cytokines on proteoglycan biosynthesis in young, old and osteoarthritic canine cartilage GILLIAN VENN; GILLIAN VENN 1Department of Biochemistry, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, 6 Bute Gardens, London W6 7DW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT M. LAUDER; ROBERT M. LAUDER 1Department of Biochemistry, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, 6 Bute Gardens, London W6 7DW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar TIMOTHY E. HARDINGHAM; TIMOTHY E. HARDINGHAM 1Department of Biochemistry, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, 6 Bute Gardens, London W6 7DW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HELEN MUIR HELEN MUIR 1Department of Biochemistry, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, 6 Bute Gardens, London W6 7DW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (5): 973–974. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180973 Article history Received: March 07 1990 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation GILLIAN VENN, ROBERT M. LAUDER, TIMOTHY E. HARDINGHAM, HELEN MUIR; Effects of catabolic and anabolic cytokines on proteoglycan biosynthesis in young, old and osteoarthritic canine cartilage. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1990; 18 (5): 973–974. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180973 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: OA, osteoarthritis, PG, proteoglycans, IL-1, interleukin-1, TNFα, tumour necrosis factor α, IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor, TGFβ, transforming growth factor β, DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, GAG, glycosaminoglycan This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Delayed Progression of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in a Conditional KrasG12D Mouse Model by a Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor (2007)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are thought to arise from noninvasive, intraductal precursor lesions called pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN). The study of PanINs holds great promise for the identification of early detection markers and effective cancer-preventing strategies. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) represents an intriguing target for therapeutic and preventive approaches in various human malignancies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a selective COX-2 inhibitor to prevent the progression of PanINs in a conditional Kras(G12D) mouse model. Offspring of LSL-KRAS(G12D) x PDX-1-Cre intercrosses were randomly allocated to a diet supplemented with the selective COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide (400 ppm) or a control diet. After 10 months, animals were sacrificed. Successful recombination in the pancreas was evaluated by PCR. The pancreas of KRAS(G12D);PDX-1-Cre mice was analyzed for the presence of murine PanINs. Animals fed the COX-2 inhibitor had significantly fewer PanIN-2 and PanIN-3 lesions than control animals (P < 0.05). Ten percent of all pancreatic ducts in the nimesulide-fed animals showed PanIN-2 or PanIN-3 lesions, whereas 40% of the pancreatic ducts in the control animals had PanIN-2 or PanIN-3 lesions. Intrapancreatic prostaglandin E(2) levels were reduced in nimesulide-fed animals. Immunohistochemistry confirmed COX-2 expression in early and late PanINs. In summary, we found that the selective COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide delays the progression of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions in a preclinical animal model. These data highlight the importance of COX-2 in the development of pancreatic cancer. Inhibition of COX-2 may represent an intriguing strategy to prevent pancreatic cancer in high-risk patients.
The influence of microstructure on the dynamic mechanical behavior of polycarbonate/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) blends (1989)

Abstract The influence of microstructure on dynamic mechanical behavior in the two phase blend of polycarbonate, (PC), with poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile), (SAN), was studied by comparing the torsional response for injection and compression molded samples. A matrix component's glass transition ( T g ) damping was only moderately altered by the presence of a dispersed phase although shifts in T g , assigned to the local maxima in tan delta, indicated partial miscibility. In compression molded samples the onset of a co‐continuous PC phase suppressed the damping characteristics of the SAN T g on the high temperature side shifting the assignment of this T g to lower temperatures. This suppression results from PC dominating the composite's response at temperatures above the SAN T g . In injection molded samples the onset of PC co‐continuity only partially suppressed the damping of the SAN T g such that a doublet results. Co‐continuity within the injection molded microstructure could be idealized as alternating sheets which, subsequently, in the dynamic mechanical measurement are arranged In series to a shearing stress during torsion. Above the T g of SAN the presence of such a series phase arrangement allows the composite to strain approximately to that extent which would be exhibited by pure SAN alone. The response of the composite is thereby approximately the response of SAN with the almost full extent of its T g damping process realized.
An approach to software fault localization and revalidation based on incremental data flow analysis (2003)

A systematic approach for reducing the cost of regression testing and fault localization through the use of incremental data flow analysis is described. Incremental data flow analysis is used to identify that portion of a program affected by a change so that testing efforts can be focused accordingly. The analysis allows the partitioning of existing test cases into relevant, nonrelevant, and invalid classes. This greatly reduces the effort associated with validating a program following modification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measuring resilience in multi-carrier emergency and critical telecommunications systems (2008)

The ability to provide critical communications, particularly during disasters, is essential for national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP). The authors present a quantitative study of the resilience of IP-based NS/EP services for the National Communications System (NCS). This analysis builds on a previous study of the survivability of a single carrierpsilas telecommunications network by extending it to a multi-carrier network. The authors quantify the differences in the ability to communicate depending on whether or not the carriers modify their internetwork routing policies to allow use of another carrier for transit by NS/EP traffic. The carrier network topologies used in the analysis are similar to major ISP backbones. The authors used IP-SURVIV, a Noblis network resiliency analysis tool, to analyze the throughput and connectivity of a multi-carrier network topology as network elements are disabled. Numerical results from random failure scenarios show that modifying internetwork routing policies to allow transit routing does improve network survivability, and should be considered for NS/EP traffic. This work also has broader application to resilience analysis of other critical communication systems on multi-carrier IP networks.