gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MUC-4 evaluation metrics (1992)

The MUC-4 evaluation metrics measure the performance of the message understanding systems. This paper describes the scoring algorithms used to arrive at the metrics as well as the improvements that were made to the MUC-3 methods. MUC-4 evaluation metrics were stricter than those used in MUC-3. Given the differences in scoring between MUC-3 and MUC-4, the MUC-4 systems' scores represent a larger improvement over MUC-3 performance than the numbers themselves suggest.
Biological implications of glycosaminoglycan interactions with haemopoietic cytokines (2008)

Heparan sulphate (HS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are an integral part of the signalling complex of fibroblast derived growth factor (FGF) family members, HS being regarded as a coreceptor. FGFs are also retained in the tissues by binding to HS structures. Early studies on the contribution of the bone marrow stroma to haemopoiesis suggested that cytokines with a role in haemopoiesis were similarly retained in the stroma through interactions with HS. However, the functional outcomes of these cytokines binding HS were poorly understood. Here the GAG-binding properties of cytokines of the four alpha-helical bundle family and the biological consequences of such binding are reviewed. From this analysis it is apparent that although many of these cytokines do bind GAGs, GAG binding is not a consistent feature, nor is the site of GAG binding conserved among these cytokines. The biological outcome of GAG binding depends, in part, on the location of the GAG-binding site on the cytokine. In some cases GAG binding appears to block signalling, whereas in others signalling is likely to be facilitated by binding. It is postulated that the interactions of these cytokines with their receptor complexes evolved independently of GAG binding, with GAG binding being an additional feature for a subset of this cytokine family. Nevertheless, because GAG binding localizes cytokines to sites within tissues, these interactions are likely to be critically important for the biology of these cytokines.
Essential dynamics of proteins (1993)

Analysis of extended molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of lysozyme in vacuo and in aqueous solution reveals that it is possible to separate the configurational space into two subspaces: (1) an "essential" subspace containing only a few degrees of freedom in which anharmonic motion occurs that comprises most of the positional fluctuations; and (2) the remaining space in which the motion has a narrow Gaussian distribution and which can be considered as "physically constrained." If overall translation and rotation are eliminated, the two spaces can be constructed by a simple linear transformation in Cartesian coordinate space, which remains valid over several hundred picoseconds. The transformation follows from the covariance matrix of the positional deviations. The essential degrees of freedom seem to describe motions which are relevant for the function of the protein, while the physically constrained subspace merely describes irrelevant local fluctuations. The near-constraint behavior of the latter subspace allows the separation of equations of motion and promises the possibility of investigating independently the essential space and performing dynamic simulations only in this reduced space.
Injectable Microgel-Hydrogel Composites for Prolonged Small-Molecule Drug Delivery (2011)

The design and application of soft nanocomposite injectable hydrogels containing entrapped microgels for small-molecule drug delivery is demonstrated. Copolymer microgels based on N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid were synthesized that exhibited both ionic and hydrophobic affinity for binding to bupivacaine, a cationic local anesthetic used as a model drug. Microgels were subsequently immobilized within an in situ-gelling hydrogel network cross-linked via hydrazide-aldehyde chemistry to generate hydrogel-microgel soft nanocomposites. Drug release could be sustained for up to 60 days from these nanocomposite hydrogels, significantly longer than that achievable using the constituent hydrogel or microgels alone (<1 week). Drug release kinetics could be readily tuned by varying the affinity of the microgel and hydrogel phases for drug-polymer interactions and the network density of the hydrogel phase.
5' control regions of the apolipoprotein(a) gene and members of the related plasminogen gene family. (1993)

Elevated blood levels of apolipoprotein(a), the component of lipoprotein(a) that distinguishes it from low density lipoprotein, are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein(a) gene is highly similar to the plasminogen gene and to at least four other genes or pseudogenes. The 5' untranslated and flanking sequences of these six genes contain extensive regions of near identity and share sequence elements involved in the initiation of transcription and translation. About 1000 base pairs of flanking DNA of each gene are sufficient to promote transcription in cultured hepatocytes. The apolipoprotein(a) gene promoter contains functional interleukin 6-responsive elements, consistent with the reported acute-phase response of apolipoprotein(a). Flanking genomic fragments of the apoliprotein(a) gene from two individuals with vastly different plasma apolipoprotein(a) concentrations have sequence differences that are reflected in differences in the rate of in vitro transcription.
Long-term survival following local resection of carcinoma of ampulla of Vater (1984)

Journal Article Long-term survival following local resection of carcinoma of ampulla of Vater Get access R G Tudor R G Tudor The General Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK Correspondence to: Dr R.G. Tudor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 71, Issue 4, April 1984, Page 271, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800710406 Published: 07 December 2005
Home and away (2007)

In April Susanna Dawson spoke at a conference where home-based providers around Europe shared their experiences. She discusses some similarities and differences in care and reveals what she learned from the day.
Bessel Nulls Recovery in Spherical Microphone Arrays for Time-Limited Signals (2011)

Spherical microphone arrays have recently been developed for a wide range of applications. In particular, scanning arrays in open-sphere configuration have been employed for room acoustics analysis, based on room impulse response measurements. However, it has been shown that the simple single-sphere configuration suffers from ill-conditioning around the zeros of the spherical Bessel function, and so alternative configurations, typically more complex, such as dual-sphere and single-sphere with cardioid microphones, have been proposed to overcome the effect of the Bessel nulls. This paper shows that in the particular case of time-limited signals, for example in room impulse response measurements, the ill-conditioning due to the spherical Bessel functions can be reduced using nonuniform sampling in the frequency domain. Following a presentation of the theory and a simulation study, an experimental example is presented for use of the method in a single-sphere measurement in an auditorium.
Flexible connection control for multimedia broadband networks (2002)

In order to offer multimedia services to the user, a powerful signaling system for broadband networks is required. Our work aims at an overall signaling architecture with totally independent call and connection control. This paper focuses on MCMP (multicast connection management protocol), a connection control solution that can be used in this context. MCMP offers a uniform interface to the terminals and network nodes. Its distinction between signaling and transport entities allows the mapping to different broadband technologies. Multicast connections can be controlled dynamically. This includes the change of topology and QoS parameters of the connections during their lifetime. Multicast routing is done by a distributed shortest path tree based solution, which has several advantages over Steiner tree routing.
Prognostic Value of Vitreous Findings in Diabetic Retinopathy (1982)

• We examined the vitreous in 163 eyes with diabetic retinopathy using a +58.6-diopter aspherical preset lens and a slitlamp. Sixty-eight eyes had no vitreous detachment, 76 eyes had partial vitreous detachment, and 19 eyes had complete vitreous detachment. This article studies the vitreoretinal relationship to determine its role in the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We found that partial vitreous detachment with vitreoretinal traction is a major risk factor for progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, whether or not photocoagulation is performed. With complete vitreous detachment or with no vitreous detachment, the absence of vitreous traction protects against the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
A new arbitration circuit for synchronous multiple bus multiprocessor systems (2002)

A novel design for an M-user B-server arbiter for a multiple bus system is presented. The arbitration circuit maintains fairness when it is used in a low-order interleaved memory system. The arbiter is also fair for a general-purpose multiprocessor system where the memory modules are uniformly accessed by the processors. The arbitration time grows at a rate O(log/sub 2/ M), where M is the number of memory modules in a system. When a system has more than four memory modules, both the gate count and delay of the present design are less than those of previous designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low Concentrations of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to <i>Salmonella</i> Serogroup C in C2 Deficiency: Suggestion of a Mannan‐Binding Lectin Pathway‐Dependent Mechanism (1999)

The influence of complement on immune responses to polysaccharides is debatable. We examined the serum concentrations of IgM and IgG antibody against Salmonella O-antigen specific oligosaccharides representing the serogroups B, C and D, and against capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6 and 23 in C2-deficient adults and in healthy controls. A sharp contrast of findings was found for antibodies against the CO antigen, an activator of the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement activation. The C2-deficient group showed normal IgM and markedly low IgG antibody levels. Similar findings were made in adults with low concentrations of MBL. This suggests that the recruitment of classical pathway C3 convertase through the MBL pathway is critically involved in isotype switching of antibodies against MBL pathway activating antigens during immune system maturation. The findings imply a new role of the MBL pathway, and an additional link between innate and acquired immunity. Specific IgM against BO was moderately low in C2 deficiency. Other differences for the Salmonella antigens were not found. Markedly raised IgM antibody levels against pneumococcal polysaccharides in C2 deficiency probably Salmonella reflected past infections. The absence of a concomitant increase of specific IgG might possibly be explained by impaired IgM to IgG switching.
Deregulation of c-abl mediated cell growth after retroviral transfer and expression of antisense sequences. (1995)

To determine the role of c-abl during cell growth, we constructed a retrovirus vector alpha A, capable of expressing an antisense RNA directed against the abl mRNA. Based on v-abl-mediated 3T3 transformation assay, we showed that the number of transformed foci was reduced 50-94% when alpha A-infected 3T3 cells were superinfected with A-MuLV. Up to a 100% of inhibition could be observed when the time of infection was lengthened. Introduction of the antisense sequence into NIH3T3 cells resulted in reduction of growth rate. These cells entered into S phase from G1 phase of the cell cycle earlier in time than untransduced cells. Thus c-abl serves as a checkpoint during G1/S transition in the cell cycle, and its reduction resulted in deregulation of cell growth.
Macromolecular structure solution by charge flipping (2008)

The recently discovered charge-flipping phasing algorithm has received growing interest in small-molecule crystallography and powder diffraction. This computational methodology differs from classical direct methods as it does not require a priori knowledge of either space-group symmetry or chemical composition and does not rely on probabilistic phase relations. Here, it is shown that the charge-flipping algorithm is capable of solving large macromolecular structures with up to approximately 6000 atoms in the asymmetric unit using suitable normalized intensity data at atomic resolution ( approximately 1.0 A). Moreover, it is demonstrated that this algorithm also provides an efficient tool for the experimental phasing of highly complex heavy-atom or anomalous scattering substructures at medium to low resolution ( approximately 2-6 A) that are frequently difficult to determine using Patterson techniques or direct methods. With the present extension to macromolecular crystallography, charge flipping has proved to be a very well performing and general phase-recovery algorithm in all fields of kinematical diffraction.
A Chronic Disease Score with Empirically Derived Weights (1995)

Different types of medication prescribed during a 6-month period for the treatment and management of chronic conditions were utilized in the refinement and validation of a chronic disease score. Prescription data, in addition to age and sex, were utilized to develop a chronic disease score based on empirically derived weights for each of three outcomes: total cost, outpatient cost, and primary care visits. The ability of the revised chronic disease score to predict health care utilization, costs, hospitalization, and mortality was compared to an earlier version of the chronic disease score (original) that was derived through clinical judgments of disease severity. The predictive validity of the chronic disease score is also compared to ambulatory care groups, which utilize outpatient diagnoses to form mutually exclusive diagnostic categories. Models based on a concurrent 6-month period and a 6-month prospective period (ie, the 6-month period after the chronic disease score or ambulatory care group derivation period) were estimated using a random one half sample of 250,000 managed-care enrollees aged 18 and older. The remaining one half of the enrollee population was used as a validation sample. The revised chronic disease score showed improved estimation and prediction over the original chronic disease score. The difference in variance explained prospectively by the revised chronic disease score versus the ambulatory care groups, conversely, was small. The revised chronic disease score was a better predictor of mortality than the ambulatory care groups. The combination of revised chronic disease score and ambulatory care groups showed only marginally greater predictive power than either one alone. These results suggest that the revised chronic disease score and ambulatory care groups with empirically derived weights provide improved prediction of health care utilization and costs, as well as hospitalization and mortality, over age and sex alone. We recommend the revised chronic disease score with total cost weights for general use as a severity measure because of its relative advantage in predicting mortality compared to the outpatient cost and primary care visit weights.
Demonstration of the improvement of apodized 127-chip SSFBG in coherent time-spreading OCDMA network (2004)

We for the first time report the apodized SSFBG en/decoder for coherent time-spreading OCDMA. The performance improvement of the apodized SSFBG with 127-chip, 160-Gchip/s, bipolar Gold code is demonstrated experimentally.
Biochemical Characterization of Eel Virus European (1983)

The polypeptide and RNA compositions of purified virions of eel virus European were compared to those of three strains (VR-299, SP and AB) of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolated from trout. All three IPNV strains could be distinguished by the relative mobilities of either the virion polypeptides or the double-stranded RNA genome segments. The eel virus had a similar polypeptide profile to strain AB IPNV but differences between the two viruses in the migration of genome segments indicated each was unique.
THE RELIABILITY OF QUESTIONNAIRE-DERIVED HISTORICAL DIETARY INFORMATION AND TEMPORAL STABILITY OF FOOD HABITS IN INDIVIDUALS (1984)

Thirty-four males and 45 females who participated in household surveys 15 or 25 years earlier in rural Denmark were interviewed in 1982 about present and past food habits. Comparison of the information from the survey and the two interviews indicates that recall of past diet is strongly influenced by present dietary habits. As the relative classification of individuals according to their food habits appears to have changed little over time, information on current diet, perhaps supplemented by information on particular changes, can provide useful classification of individuals for epidemiologic purposes.
Cooperative Relaying for Ad-Hoc Ground Networks Using Swarm UAVs (2006)

Low cost UAVs have proved valuable in their use as sensor data collection systems in tactical situations. In this paper we examine their use as communication relays to improve range and reliability of ad hoc ground based network. MIMO based wireless communications are well known to improve capacity and reliability of point-to-point communication links. Recently, cooperation between distributed wireless nodes has been studied to exploit multi user macro diversity in an adhoc network. Application of MIMO techniques using distributed wireless nodes are also envisioned, where the cooperating nodes become the virtual antennas of a MIMO transceiver. Inspired by the recent advances in multi-UAV formation flights, we study the application of such distributed MIMO based relay schemes on a cluster of multiple UAVs. Specifically we look at the performance of distributed transmit beamforming and distributed OSTBC schemes under ideal and non ideal conditions of UAV flight. Simulation parameters are chosen based on literature study of air-to-ground propagation models. The results from our simulations show tremendous improvements in range and reliability when compared to direct ground based communication links.
Different molecular mechanisms causing 9p21 deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood (2009)

Deletion of chromosome 9p21 is a crucial event for the development of several cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Double strand breaks (DSBs) triggering 9p21 deletions in ALL have been reported to occur at a few defined sites by illegitimate action of the V(D)J recombination activating protein complex. We have cloned 23 breakpoint junctions for a total of 46 breakpoints in 17 childhood ALL (9 B- and 8 T-lineages) showing different size deletions at one or both homologous chromosomes 9 to investigate which particular sequences make the region susceptible to interstitial deletion. We found that half of 9p21 deletion breakpoints were mediated by ectopic V(D)J recombination mechanisms whereas the remaining half were associated to repeated sequences, including some with potential for non-B DNA structure formation. Other mechanisms, such as microhomology-mediated repair, that are common in other cancers, play only a very minor role in ALL. Nucleotide insertions at breakpoint junctions and microinversions flanking the breakpoints have been detected at 20/23 and 2/23 breakpoint junctions, respectively, both in the presence of recombination signal sequence (RSS)-like sequences and of other unspecific sequences. The majority of breakpoints were unique except for two cases, both T-ALL, showing identical deletions. Four of the 46 breakpoints coincide with those reported in other cases, thus confirming the presence of recurrent deletion hotspots. Among the six cases with heterozygous 9p deletions, we found that the remaining CDKN2A and CDKN2B alleles were hypermethylated at CpG islands.
The PAS–ADD Checklist: independent replication of its psychometric properties in a community sample (2005)

The PAS-ADD Checklist is a quick and easy to use screening tool. Although at present it is the best measure available, it should not be the only method used to identify psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities.
Using Recon for data cleaning (1995)

To aid in making investment decisions, financial analysts purchase large amounts of data from financial data providers. They use this historical data to develop financial models for making predictions and assessing risk about current dat about current dataa. Unfortunately, these database often contain errors and omissions of important information. Analysts are dependent upon the quality of these databases—missing data can prevent computation of key values and, more dangerously, incorrect data can cause their models to produce erroneous results without the analyst's knowledge. Because of the importance of accurate data, and the large volume of data involved, data providers and consumers have a need to develop advanced methods for data cleaning: the process of identifying and correcting incomplete and incorrect information in databases.

This paper describes how the Recon data mining system has been used to clean financial databases. Recon incorporates several data mining modules into a single, uniform framework: data visualization, deductive databases, and rule induction. The data visualization component supports the visual detection of outliers and other unusual phenomena. The deductive database enables analysts to capture, codify, and apply corporate knowledge about data integrity. The rule induction module creates error detection rules by generalizing from known errors to detect suspicious data entries in the rest of the data. The collaborative use of these three modules yields superior error detection over the application of any single data mining technique.
Synthesis of cis- and di-cis-polyenes by reactions of the Wittig type. A new isomer of vitamin A acid (1965)

G. Pattenden, B. C. L. Weedon, C. F. Garbers, D. F. Schneinder and J. P. van der Merwe, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 347b DOI: 10.1039/C1965000347B
Titanosilicate Mesoporous Molecular Sieve MCM-41:  Synthesis and Characterization (1996)

The location and coordination of titanium in the titanosilicate mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 prepared from Ti(IV) ethoxide as the source of titanium was studied by XRD, IR spectroscopy, 29Si MAS NMR, and XANES. The results are interpreted on the basis of isomorphous substitution of Ti for Si. XANES shows that titanium is 4-coordinate and that Ti(IV) does not form a regular TiO4 tetrahedron. This is caused by the larger size of the Ti(IV) atom in comparison with Si(IV), resulting in a distortion in the silica matrix, and/or by the presence of H2O in the coordination sphere of titanium. Such distortion is consistent with the line broadening observed in the 29Si MAS NMR spectra, brought about by the wider distribution of the Si−O−Si angles in SiO4 tetrahedra as titanium is progressively incorporated in the silica matrix, and with the changes in the vibrational lattice infrared bands.