gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A prefecture-wide survey of mumps meningitis associated with measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (1991)

A survey of untoward reactions, especially central nervous system reactions, after the administration of a newly introduced measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, was initiated soon after 4 patients were hospitalized for aseptic meningitis. Thirty-five, 6 and 2 children developed meningitis, convulsive disorders and parotitis, respectively, within 2 months after MMR vaccination during the 8-month period extending from April to November, 1989. The time lag between MMR vaccination and meningitis ranged from 14 to 28 days in the 35 cases of meningitis. Mumps virus, isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid in 13 patients with aseptic meningitis, was characterized by determination of the nucleotide sequences of the P gene as mumps vaccine strain. The incidence of aseptic meningitis with positive mumps vaccine virus was estimated to be 0.11% (0.3% as a whole) during the 8 months from April to November and increased to 0.3% (0.7% as a whole) in September and October. We conclude that the incidence of aseptic meningitis after MMR vaccination seems to be higher than that reported previously.
A kinetic study of competing fragmentation and hydrolyses of phenyl hydrogen α-hydroxyiminobenzylphosphonate—a case of acid mediated inhibition of acid catalysis (2001)

The behavior of phenyl hydrogen α-hydroxyiminobenzylphosphonate (E)-2 in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution was examined by 31P NMR spectroscopy and by HPLC. Compound (E)-2 was found to undergo two competing acid-catalyzed reactions. 1) Fragmentation to phenyl phosphate (6) and benzonitrile, similar to the fragmentation of other hydroxyiminophosphonates to metaphosphate examined previously. The fragmentation of (E)-2 was found to be slower by a factor of 4 than that of hydrogen methyl α-hydroxyiminobenzylphosphonate ((E)-1). This phenomenon is interpreted in terms of inductive effects on the suggested metaphosphate intermediate. 2) Compound (E)-2 was found to undergo hydrolytic cleavage of the oxime group giving NH2OH and hydrogen phenyl benzoylphosphonate (4), which was found to hydrolyze to phenol and benzoylphosphonic acid (5). The latter reacted with the NH2OH liberated in the previous step to give α-hydroxyiminobenzylphosphonic acid ((E)-3), which fragmented to benzonitrile and phosphoric acid. The rate of a possible hydrolysis of the phenol group in oxime (E)-2 was shown to be slower by two orders of magnitude than that from ketone 4. This phenomenon is interpreted in terms of acid mediated retardation of acid catalyzed hydrolysis of phenol due to initial protonation of the oxime nitrogen in (E)-2.
Design and Code Optimization of Parallel Concatenated Gallager Codes (2007)

Constructing PCGCs with unequal-code-rate irregular component LDPC codes is proposed in this paper. Parameters of component codes are optimized by differential evolution based on EXIT chart. In the optimization results, code rate of component code 1 is relatively higher and the other one is lower so that these two component codes play different roles in different decoding stages. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed PCGCs with optimized parameters outperform PCGCs constructed by equal-code-rate regular/likely regular component codes and optimized irregular LDPC code.
Context Matters: Refining Object Detection in Video with Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

Given the vast amounts of video available online, and recent breakthroughs in object detection with static images, object detection in video offers a promising new frontier. However, motion blur and compression artifacts cause substantial frame-level variability, even in videos that appear smooth to the eye. Additionally, video datasets tend to have sparsely annotated frames. We present a new framework for improving object detection in videos that captures temporal context and encourages consistency of predictions. First, we train a pseudo-labeler, that is, a domain-adapted convolutional neural network for object detection. The pseudo-labeler is first trained individually on the subset of labeled frames, and then subsequently applied to all frames. Then we train a recurrent neural network that takes as input sequences of pseudo-labeled frames and optimizes an objective that encourages both accuracy on the target frame and consistency across consecutive frames. The approach incorporates strong supervision of target frames, weak-supervision on context frames, and regularization via a smoothness penalty. Our approach achieves mean Average Precision (mAP) of 68.73, an improvement of 7.1 over the strongest image-based baselines for the Youtube-Video Objects dataset. Our experiments demonstrate that neighboring frames can provide valuable information, even absent labels.
Screening of knee joint vibroarthrographic signals by statistical pattern analysis of dominant poles (2002)

Analysis of human knee joint vibration signals or vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals could lead to a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of cartilage pathology. In this study, the nonstationary VAG signals were adaptively segmented into locally stationary segments. Autoregressive (AR) model coefficients were derived from the stationary segments by using the Burg-lattice method. The dominant poles of the models extracted from the AR polynomials and a signal variability parameter were used as VAG signal features. The VAG signal features with a few relevant clinical parameters were used as feature vectors in statistical pattern classification experiments based on logistic regression analysis. The results indicated a classification accuracy of 81.7% in screening 90 VAG signals with no restriction imposed on the type of abnormal signals, and an accuracy of 93.7% in classifying 71 VAG signals with abnormal signals restricted to a specific type of articular cartilage pathology known as chondromalacia patella.
Enhanced Heat Transfer in a Channel with Combined Structure of Pins and Dimples (2006)

High density heat removal is a key issue in thermal management. As more power is exhausted on equipment, conventional cooling techniques are no longer effective for heat removal, making novel cooling concepts a requirement. We analyzed flow and temperature structures, as well as heat transfer, in a channel with a novel design structure. The channel is a hybrid of two parallel plates with pins and dimples. The pins and dimples are alternately allocated on the inner surface of two plates. The pins on one plate are exactly pointed onto dimples on the other plate. Each dimple has a concave hemisphere structure, and the size of dimples can vary between 0.8 mm and 10 mm in diameter. Each pin has a square or a star configuration with a size from 1mm x 1mm to 4.5mm x 4.5mm in plane. The height of the channel or distance between two plates is between 1 mm and 35 mm. The pins and dimples are in an inline arrangement. Here is reported simulation and experimental results about heat transfer, velocity and temperature fields. We tested with Reynolds number (Re) between 76 and 35000 along with water as working fluid and using plate-plate separation as a length scale. Under these conditions, the maximum heat removal in channel was found to be 22%-25% higher than that with pin structure only. An explanation for this improved performance has been analyzed and expounded upon in this report.
Reactions of Chloroiron(III) Schiff Base Complexes with Superoxide Ion in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (1982)

Abstract A series of monomeric chloroiron(III) complexes with the quadridentate or quinquedentate Schiff bases such as N,N′-disalicylideneethylenediamine or bis[3-(salicylideneamino)propyl]amine react with superoxide ions, O2−, in dimethyl sulfoxide to give the corresponding μ-oxo dimers. The polymeric chloroiron(III) complexes with the polymeric (oligomeric) Schiff bases derived from 5,5′-methylenedisalicylaldehyde and triamines react with O2− in dimethyl sulfoxide to give the oxygenated complexes, probably dioxygen adducts, FeIII–O2−. This is suggested by the absorption spectra and the polarographic measurements.
A comparative study of field-oriented and direct-torque control of induction motors reference to shaft-sensorless control at low and zero-speed (2003)

In modern high performance ac drives, field oriented control (FOC) or direct torque control (DTC) schemes are applied to achieve high dynamic operation. Recently, efforts have been made to eliminate the machine shaft sensor in order to reduce costs and increase reliability. Although DTC is often designated as a sensorless scheme, it has similar problems to FOC when operated around zero flux frequency. In this paper, the performance of both schemes is investigated with special emphasis on operation around zero speed. In that operating range it is assumed nowadays that, without a shaft sensor, the flux position can only be determined by exploiting parasitic effects of the machine such as saturation or slotting. Sensorless schemes to estimate the spatial flux position control suffer from reduced accuracy in specific load ranges which degrades the performance of the drive when compared to operation with a shaft sensor. On a test stand FOC and DTC have been realized and the flux position calculated with the use of a speed sensor has been modified with different error functions to test the reaction of both schemes on erroneous flux input values.
Advances and prospects in high-speed information broadcast using phosphorescent white-light LEDs (2009)

In this paper, we present experimental results on optical wireless transmission using commercially available phosphorescent white-light LEDs. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time visible-light links operating at transmission rates up to 200 Mb/s over typical room distances and at reasonable bit-error-ratios. The experiments were performed using optical filtering at the receiver and on-off-keying as well as discrete multi-tone modulation combined with off-line processing. Moreover, we briefly discuss fields of application, the status of standardization and topics for further research.
Micro-machined high-frequency (80 MHz) PZT thick film linear arrays (2010)

This paper presents the development of a micromachined high-frequency linear array using PZT piezoelectric thick films. The linear array has 32 elements with an element width of 24 μm and an element length of 4 mm. Array elements were fabricated by deep reactive ion etching of PZT thick films, which were prepared from spin-coating of PZT sol-gel composite. Detailed fabrication processes, especially PZT thick film etching conditions and a novel transferring-and-etching method, are presented and discussed. Array designs were evaluated by simulation. Experimental measurements show that the array had a center frequency of 80 MHz and a fractional bandwidth (-6 dB) of 60%. An insertion loss of -41 dB and adjacent element crosstalk of -21 dB were found at the center frequency.
JavaScript for Data Science (2020)

"JavaScript is the language of the web. Originally developed for making browser-based interfaces more dynamic, it is now used for large-scale software projects of all kinds, including scientific visualization tools and data services. However, most researchers and data scientists have little or no experience with it. This book is designed to fill that void. It introduces readers to JavaScript's power and idiosyncrasies, and guides them through the key features of the modern version of the language and its tools and libraries. The book places equal focus on client- and server-side programming, and shows readers how to create interactive web content, build and test data services, and visualize data in the browser"--
Structural Analysis of a New Anti-Hypertensive Peptide (β-Lactosin B) Isolated from a Commercial Whey Product (2004)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and anti-hypertensive activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of 12 kinds of commercial peptides of food additive grade were measured. Four peptide products derived from milk proteins showed strong anti-hypertensive activities (>-18.0 mm Hg). A sample of WE80BG derived from whey proteins showed the strongest anti-hypertensive activity (-21.2 +/- 16.9 mm Hg) with a medium level of ACE inhibitory activity (53.6%), and it was subjected to hydrophobic and gel filtration chromatography. From the low molecular weight fraction, an anti-hypertensive peptide was isolated by using reversed-phase HPLC, and it was found to be a tetrapeptide, alanine-leucine-proline-methionine (Ala-Leu-Pro-Met, ALPM), the origin of which was estimated to be beta-lactoglobulin f 142 to 145. At 8 h after oral administration of ALPM in SHR, systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased (-21.4 +/- 7.8 mm Hg), but the IC50 value (concentration of peptide needed to inhibit 50% of the ACE activity) of ALPM was not so high. We named the Ala-Leu-Pro-Met "beta-lactosin B." This peptide is the second anti-hypertensive peptide found from beta-lactoglobulin. Because WE80BG containing ALPM was also found to show the strongest anti-hypertensive activity (-24.5 +/- 10 mm Hg) at 8 h after oral administration in SHR, WE80BG would be suitable for application to the development of a new food expected to have anti-hypertensive effects.
Separation of the C<sub>20</sub> unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed oil by countercurrent distribution (1970)

Abstract A C 20 fatty acid mixture (5.9 g), which was obtained from fractional distillation of 95 g methyl esters of rapeseed oil, was subjected to countercurrent distribution. This procedure yielded 4.5 g eicosenoic acid (20∶1), 0.4 g eicosadienoic acid (20∶2), and 0.04 g eicosatrienoic acid (20∶3), 4.7%, .42% and .04%, respectively, of the total methyl esters.
A comparison of strain and fluid shear stress in stimulating bone cell responses—a computational and experimental study (2004)

Bone undergoes continuous remodeling in response to mechanical loading. However, the underlying mechanisms by which bone cells respond to their changing mechanical environment, that is, strain in the load-bearing matrix or fluid flow through the canalicular network, are not well understood. It has been established in vitro that bone cells respond differently to substrate strain and fluid shear stress treatments. Uncovering the mechanical basis of these differences represents a significant challenge to our understanding of cellular mechanotransduction and bone remodeling. To investigate this problem, we developed a biomechanical model of an adherent cell, to test the hypothesis that bone cells respond differently to 0.6 Pa fluid shear stress and 1,000 mu(epsilon) substrate strain stimulation because of qualitative and quantitative differences in the cellular deformation caused. Fluid shear stress loading conditions resulted in maximum displacements at the apical surface of the cell approximately 8 times higher than those due to strain at the cell-substrate interface and also caused higher stressing of all parts of the cell. Significantly, this shows that the deforming effects of fluid shear stress and strain on a cellular level are qualitatively different, which may provide a basis for explaining differences in bone cell responses to both stimuli as reported in several studies. Although our approach to modeling the morphology and complex physical environment of an adherent cell is certainly simplified, our results do show independent roles for fluid flow and strain as mechanical stimuli and highlight the importance of deformation on a cellular level in bone physiology.
The Mechanical Rigidity of the Extracellular Matrix Regulates the Structure, Motility, and Proliferation of Glioma Cells (2009)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant astrocytoma of the central nervous system associated with a median survival time of 15 months, even with aggressive therapy. This rapid progression is due in part to diffuse infiltration of single tumor cells into the brain parenchyma, which is thought to involve aberrant interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we test the hypothesis that mechanical cues from the ECM contribute to key tumor cell properties relevant to invasion. We cultured a series of glioma cell lines (U373-MG, U87-MG, U251-MG, SNB19, C6) on fibronectin-coated polymeric ECM substrates of defined mechanical rigidity and investigated the role of ECM rigidity in regulating tumor cell structure, migration, and proliferation. On highly rigid ECMs, tumor cells spread extensively, form prominent stress fibers and mature focal adhesions, and migrate rapidly. As ECM rigidity is lowered to values comparable with normal brain tissue, tumor cells appear rounded and fail to productively migrate. Remarkably, cell proliferation is also strongly regulated by ECM rigidity, with cells dividing much more rapidly on rigid than on compliant ECMs. Pharmacologic inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II-based contractility blunts this rigidity-sensitivity and rescues cell motility on highly compliant substrates. Collectively, our results provide support for a novel model in which ECM rigidity provides a transformative, microenvironmental cue that acts through actomyosin contractility to regulate the invasive properties of GBM tumor cells.
일반논단 : 법(法)의 지배(支配)와 민주주의(民主主義) -역사적(歷史的) 및 이론적(理論的) 단상(斷想)- (2011)

중국에서 법의 지배의 도입과 발전을 소개하는 문헌들은 법의 지배와 민주주의의 관계를 서술함에 있어서 한편으로는 사회주의적 법의 지배, 그리고 다른 한편으로는 중국적 특징을 갖는 정치개혁의 개념을 반복하여 사용하고 있다. 이 논문은 법의 지배와 민주주의의 관계를 역사적 및 이론적으로 점검하는 단상이다. 민주주의가 도입되고 전개되면서 법의 지배원리는 이중적인 과제를 갖게 되었다. 첫째, 법의 지배원리 자체의 과제이다. 법의 지배원리는 국가작용에 적용되는 제도적 및 절차적 요소를 내용으로 하는 기능원리이다. 이에 비해서 중국에서 이해되고 있는 법의 지배의 원리는 국가작용의 합법성을 확보하는 기능에 그치고 있는 것으로 보인다. 결국 중국이 그 동안 정치 및 정책을 실현하는 수단으로서 이해되는 법의 지배에 있어서는 괄목할만한 성장을 하였지만 우리가 이해하고 있는 헌법원리로 발전하고 있는 것은 아니다. 이 경우 법의 지배의 원리는 정치적 가치에 종속될 수밖에 없으며, 그 결과 법적 안정성을 보장하는 기능에 있어서도 제한적이다. 둘째, 정치, 즉 민주주의의 과제이다. 중국은 서구적 민주주의이론을 따르고 있지는 않은 것 같다. 중국에서와 같이 가치의 다원성을 수용할 태세가 되어 있지 않다면 법의 지배의 원리는 존재의미가 없다. 정치의 장(forum)에서 단일의 가치가 지배한다면 가치 간의 긴장관계도, 또 이를 조정할 기능원리도 존재할 필요가 없기 때문이다. 중국의 예는 얼마든지 일반화될 수 있다. 법은 어느 정도 정치과정의 산물이다. 그러나 법은 동시에 자신의 존재기반인 정치를 구속하여야 한다는 요청이 법의 지배의 가장 어려운 과제이다. 이와 같이 헌법원리로서 법의 지배가 기능하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 두 가지 조건이 갖추어져야 한다. 첫째, 법이 정치로부터 독자성을 가져야 한다. 법이 정치 및 정책을 실현하는 수단으로 기능할 뿐 아니라 정치 및 정책을 지도하는 기능을 수행하여야 한다. 둘째, 민주주의는 사회에 공론의 장을 제공하여야 하며, 이 곳에서 다원적 가치들이 경쟁할 수 있어야 한다. 이 점에서 사회주의적 법의 지배원리는 우리 헌법의 관점에서 보면 그 자체가 모순이라고 할 수 있다. 일반적으로 법의 지배원리를 실현하기 어려운 이유는 이와 같이 법의 지배의 원리가 민주주의와 기능적 상관성 속에서 기능하기 때문이다. 그리고 이 점에서 문제는 현상적이 아니라 헌법구조적이다.
Tight upper bound ergodic capacity of an AF full-duplex physical-layer network coding system (2016)

In this paper, we present a two-way relay channel (TWRC) network that utilizes a full-duplex physical layer network coding (FD-PLNC) scheme in conjunction with amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In order to cope with the self-interference (SI) induced by the FD mode of operation, a self-interference cancellation (SIC) scheme is utilized at each node in the proposed system. The performance of the proposed system is thoroughly investigated in the presence of residual SI by deriving a closed-form expression for the distribution of the tight upper bound end-to-end (E2E) signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). Furthermore, an exact closed-form expression for the tight upper bound ergodic capacity is derived and used to evaluate the E2E upper bound ergodic capacity of the proposed AF-FD-PLNC system. The obtained results demonstrate the ergodic capacity gain of the proposed AF-FD-PLNC over the ergodic capacity of traditional AF half-duplex (HD) PLNC systems. In particular, the proposed AF-FD-PLNC can increase the ergodic capacity of AF-HD-PLNC by a factor of 2 when the SNR is higher than 25 dB and the SI to noise ratio is less than 0 dB.
The Implementation of a Return Channel for ATSC-DTV (2007)

In this paper, we describe how the transmission technologies developed for over-the-air digital television broadcasting could be used to offer interactive television and Internet multimedia service. We propose to use the ATSC-DTV system for the downlink and DVB-RCT standard to implement a wireless return channel. This paper will also present some technical aspects of the system implementation.
High Quality Monolithic 8-Shaped Inductors for Silicon RF IC Design (2008)

In this paper, RF characterization results of 8-shaped inductors on high resistivity silicon (HRS) substrate are presented. Electrical performances reported to area occupation of 8-shaped inductors are compared to those of classical octagonal/rectangular inductors. It is observed that 8-shaped inductors lead to inductance values 60% higher than what could be expected from classical octagonal/rectangular devices. A predictive electrical model is proposed based on previous investigations. Correlations between measurements and simulation data are found satisfactory.
Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Normal Young Adults (1994)

We recommend that closer attention be paid to the complex relationships between HR and HRV. The strong correlations found in healthy subjects may reflect either the physiological harmony of ANS functions or simple redundancy. Their tendency to deteriorate in diseased hearts suggests that redundancy is not the cause and that abnormalities of ANS functions are not demonstrated by HRV analysis alone.
Design of a programmable and low-frequency filter for biomedical signal sensing applications (2016)

A programmable low-frequency filter for biomedical signal sensing application is presented here based on the principle of fifth-order Bessel transconductance capacitor (Gm-C) ladder filter. Current division and current cancellation techniques are used to achieve ultra-low Gm for operation transconductance amplifier (OTA) design. Active inductor is designed through a gyrator structure composed of an OTA and a capacitor. In order to achieve tunable cutoff frequency for the filter, constant Gm and variable capacitor structures are utilized in the design. The cutoff frequency can thus be adjusted as 35Hz, 150Hz and 250Hz through two digital control bits CTRSA and CTRSB. Gm is also adjustable to compensate frequency drift caused by the process and temperature variation. The filter was designed with 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS technology and achieves a THD of 61.2dB and consumes 12.38μW under 1.8V supply voltage.
Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence of GaAs at 77°K (1963)

The electroluminescence from forward biased GaAs $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions is compared with the photoluminescence of bulk homogeneously doped samples of GaAs. It is found that in the region of the absorption edge at \ensuremath{\approx} 1.48 eV, the electroluminescence is similar to the $p$-type photoluminescence, while at lower photon energy the electroluminescence is similar to the $n$-type photoluminescence. The results show that centers responsible for the low-energy electroluminescence are present in the substrate and not introduced during the diffusion.
Contract-based testing: from objects to components (2006)

Contracts on object-oriented classes have been first developed as a software design approach. They were also quickly used for supporting class testing, providing a form of design for testability. In this paper, we identify the tracks to extend the contract-based built-in test technique to hierarchical components. To do that, we build on our previous work on STclass, a framework supporting design by contract and built-in test for Java, and on ConFract, a contracting system for the Fractal component platform. Tests are embedded in the components and are generated with respect to a category of contract (library, interface, composition). In this paper we study how this approach, firstly dedicated to objects, can be valuable for component testability. As a result of the test process, the embedded contracts are more robust and offer an original way to improve the observability of the component-based system. Contracts make it aware of its execution, and thus able to detect erroneous behaviors at runtime.