gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser spectroscopic sensing of air pollutants (2000)

We report on recent advances of laser spectroscopic schemes applied to air pollution monitoring. All systems presented are based on tunable narrowband infrared sources including a conventional line-tunable CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser, a continuously tunable high-pressure CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser, an optical-parametric- oscillator-based difference-frequency (DFG) laser and a diode-based DFG laser. These systems cover the mid-infrared wavelength range important for fundamental molecular absorptions. Gas detection is performed with a multipass transmission cell, with specially designed photoacoustic cells using resonant and nonresonant configurations with a single microphone or multi-microphone arrays or with a photothermal arrangement sensing the temporal change of the refractive index. The performance of these systems is illustrated with various examples of trace gas monitoring on the one hand and determination of molecular relaxation rate constants on the other hand with the photothermal scheme. In many cases detection limits corresponding to minimum concentrations in the ppb (10<SUP>-9</SUP>, nmole/mole) or even sub-ppb level are achieved. It is demonstrated that this kind of laser spectrometers offer easiness of operation (room temperature, neither sample preparation nor pretreatment, portability), excellent sensitivity and selectivity, large dynamic range (up to 7 orders of magnitude) and good temporal resolution.
Complete sequence of the upp gene encoding uracil phosphoribosyltransferase from Mycobacterium bovis BCG (1997)

The nucleotide sequence of a 799 bp fragment of Mycobacterium bovis BCG containing the putative upp gene that encodes a uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase [EC 2.4.2.9]) has been determined. The upp gene of BCG has an open reading frame (ORF) of 621 bp (207 amino acids) starting with GTG (position 112) and ending with TGA (position 733), and its molecular mass was calculated to be 21,864 Da. Comparative analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence of BCG UPRTase with the UPRTase of six bacterial genera revealed that 24% (50/211) of the residues are perfectly conserved and 32% (67/211) of the residues are well conserved.
Evaluations of Young's Modulus of Boron Nitride Nanotube Reinforced Nano-composites (2014)

Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) possess extremely high stiffness and strength and may provide the ultimate reinforcing materials for the development of nano-composites. In this paper, the Young's modulus of BNNT based composites are evaluated using a 3-D nanoscale representative volume element (RVE) based on continuum mechanics and using the finite element method (FEM). Formulas to extract the Young's modulus from solutions for the RVE are derived, based on the elasticity theory. An extended rule of mixtures, based on the strength of materials theory for estimating the effective Young's modulus in the axial direction of the RVE, is applied for comparisons with the numerical solutions based on the elasticity theory. It is observed that with additions of 5% of volume fraction of the BNNTs in a matrix of various materials, the strength of the composite can increases by an amount 20- 55% depending on material of matrix, suggesting possible use of BNNT as reinforcing material to strengthen the matrix material in composite.
Chimeric Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins Containing Large Domains of the <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Protective Antigen: Protein Characterization, Incorporation into Infectious Influenza Viruses, and Antigenicity (2005)

Large polypeptides of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) were inserted into an influenza A virus hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA), and the chimeric proteins were functionally characterized and incorporated into infectious influenza viruses. PA domain 1', the region responsible for binding to the other toxin components, the lethal factor and edema factor, and domain 4, the receptor binding domain (RBD), were inserted at the C-terminal flank of the HA signal peptide and incorporated into the HA1 subunit of HA. The chimeric proteins, designated as LEF/HA (90 amino acid insertion) and RBD/HA (140 amino acid insertion), were initially analyzed following expression using recombinant vaccinia viruses. Both chimeric proteins were shown to display functional phenotypes similar to that of the wild-type HA. They transport to the cell surface, can be cleaved into the HA1 and HA2 subunits by trypsin to activate membrane fusion potential, are able to undergo the low-pH-induced conformational changes required for fusion, and are capable of inducing the fusion process. We were also able to generate recombinant influenza viruses containing the chimeric RBD/HA and LEF/HA genes, and the inserted PA domains were maintained in the HA gene segments following several passages in MDCK cells or embryonated chicken eggs. Furthermore, DNA immunization of mice with plasmids that express the chimeric RBD/HA and LEF/HA proteins, and the recombinant viruses containing them, induced antibody responses against both the HA and PA components of the protein. These approaches may provide useful tools for vaccines against anthrax and other diseases.
Dynamic Multimedia Creation Using Knowledge Content Driven Database (2012)

There is a growing gap between the multimedia production and the context centric multimedia services related to the under-exploitation of the content creation design. This could support dynamic content generation adapted to the user or display profile. Our work faces it by implementing a web platform for automatic generation of multimedia presentations based on SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) standard. The system is able to produce rich media with dynamic multimedia content retrieved automatically from different content databases matching the semantic context. For this purpose, we extend the standard interpretation of SMIL tags in order to accomplish a semantic translation of multimedia objects in database queries. This permits services to take benefit of production process to create customized content enhanced with real time information fed from databases. The described system has been successfully deployed to create advanced context centric weather forecasts.
Vulnerability analysis For evaluating quality of protection of security policies (2006)

Evaluation of security policies, specifically access control policies, plays an important part in securing the network by ensuring that policies are correct and consistent. Quality of protection (QoP) of a policy depends on a number of factors. Thus it is desirable to have one unified score based on these factors to judge the quality of the policy and to compare policies. In this context, we present our method of calculating a metric based on a number of factors like the vulnerabilities present in the system, vulnerability history of the services and their exposure to the network, and traffic patterns. We measure the existing vulnerability by combining the severity scores of the vulnerabilities present in the system. We mine the National Vulnerability Database, NVD, provided by NIST, to find the vulnerability history of the services running on the system, and from the frequency and severity of the past vulnerabilities, we measure the historical vulnerability of the policy using a decay factor. In both cases, we take into account the exposure of the service to the network and the traffic volume handled by the service. Finally, we combine these scores into one unified score - the Policy Security Score.
A temerature-based touch-sensor for non-emissive textile displays (2013)

Non-light-emissive textile displays have become a popular research area that allows subtle and ambient animations on our textiles. This work explores one such existing technology which uses thermochromic inks and peltier semiconductors to implement touch sensitive non-light-emissive textile display. To achieve this we investigate a new method that detects temperature transients (caused by a touch) in order to detect a touch which allows interactive touch sensitive textile displays without any changes to the existing hardware.
<title>Novel methods for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements with optical fiber Bragg gratings</title> (1999)

We report on feasibility studies of two new approaches for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements with optical fiber Bragg gratings. In sensor applications fiber Bragg gratings cannot be thermally isolated. Therefore temperature has to be compensated or measured simultaneously with the measurand of interest. In strain sensing this is often done by measuring the wavelength response of a second Bragg grating attached to an unstrained sample specimen and comparing its response to response of the strained sample. This method is very accurate. However, often it is not possible or difficult to have unstrained samples, e.g., in rockbolt anchors with embedded fiber Bragg gratings. We propose two new simultaneous measurement concepts and compare them to known concepts. The first investigated method uses the different sensitivities to strain and temperature of the main peak of a Bragg grating in transmission compared to the back-reflected cladding modes. We will present first results of simultaneous strain and temperature measurements over a range from 2 degrees Celsius to 95 degrees Celsius up to 3500 micrometer/m in strain. This method leads to a combined resolution in temperature and strain of 4 degrees Celsius and 35 micrometer, respectively. The second method is based on two low reflectivity gratings. They are in close vicinity to each other in the fiber. Both have a small refractive index modulation of about 2 (DOT) 10<SUP>-4</SUP>, but one was homogeneously post-illuminated and has an increased mean refractive index. We will present first results indicating that the additional UV-illumination changes temperature- and strain-sensitivity of the post-illuminated Bragg grating slightly.
Nanoscale Heterostructures with Molecular-Scale Single-Crystal Metal Wires (2009)

Creating nanoscale heterostructures with molecular-scale (<2 nm) metal wires is critical for many applications and remains a challenge. Here, we report the first time synthesis of nanoscale heterostructures with single-crystal molecular-scale Au nanowires attached to different nanostructure substrates. Our method involves the formation of Au nanoparticle seeds by the reduction of rocksalt AuCl nanocubes heterogeneously nucleated on the substrates and subsequent nanowire growth by oriented attachment of Au nanoparticles from the solution phase. Nanoscale heterostructures fabricated by such site-specific nucleation and growth are attractive for many applications including nanoelectronic device wiring, catalysis, and sensing.
Pervasive self-powered human activity recognition without the accelerometer (2015)

Conventional human activity recognition (HAR) relies on accelerometers to frequently sample human motion (acceleration). Unfortunately, power consumption of accelerometers becomes a bottleneck for realising pervasive self-powering HAR as the amount of power that can be practically harvested from the environment is very small. Instead of using accelerometer, this paper advocates the use of energy harvesting power signal as the source of HAR when motion (kinetic) energy is being harvested to power the device. The proposed use of harvested power for classifying human activities is motivated by the fact that different activities produce kinetic energy in a different way leaving their signatures in the harvested power signal. Using information theoretic analysis of experimental data, we show that many standard statistical features provide significant information gain when the kinetic power signal is used for discriminating between different activities, confirming its potential use for HAR. We have evaluated activity recognition accuracy for kinetic power signal based HAR using 14 different sets of common activities each containing between 2-10 different activities to be classified. HAR accuracies varied between 68% to 100% depending on the set of activities. The average accuracy over all activity sets is 83%, which is within 13% of what could be achieved with an accelerometer without any power constraints.
Reducing IGBT losses in ZCS series resonant converters (1999)

The fundamental operational parameter that controls the losses in series resonant power converters was found to be the reflected DC voltage transfer ratio. Losses which are a function of the average current (such as conduction losses of insulated gate bipolar transistors and diodes) are independent of the switching frequency. Losses which are associated with the RMS current are a function of both the reflected DC voltage ratio and the switching frequency ratio. Universal and normalized graphs, derived in this paper, can be conveniently used to assess the expected RMS and average current conduction losses under any given operational conditions. The residual switching losses in zero-current-switching series resonant power converters operating in continuous current mode can be reduced by simple current snubbers placed in the commutation circuits. The experimental results of this paper confirm the theoretical predictions and demonstrate that the turn-on snubbers can reduce switching losses by about 1.5% at a switching frequency of 65 kHz.
[Primary pulmonary hypertension in childhood: familial aspects]. (1982)

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare, progressive and usually fatal disease. Its pathogenesis remains obscure. Probably multiple genetic and environmental factors play a role in the occurrence of PPH. PPH sometimes runs in families. We have studied two families in which some members were affected: in family A two sibs, their father and probably their paternal grandmother, in family B two sibs. When PPH is present in more than one generation (family A), an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance would be likely, whereas, when the disease is present in only one generation (family B), an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is more probable. Treatment of PPH is based on pulmonary vasodilator drugs, because one of the most important mechanisms is thought to be an inappropriate vasoconstriction. Some drugs like oxygen, tolazoline, acetylcholine, isoproterenol seem to get poor results, while phentolamine, nifedipine, hydralazine and diazoxide show promise. Diazoxide appears to have some advantages because it reduces not only pulmonary arteriolar resistance, but also pulmonary artery pressure, without producing tachycardia.
Pelletization of fine coals. Final report (1995)

Coal is one of the most abundant energy resources in the US with nearly 800 million tons of it being mined annually. Process and environmental demands for low-ash, low-sulfur coals and economic constraints for high productivity are leading the coal industry to use such modern mining methods as longwall mining and such newer coal processing techniques as froth flotation, oil agglomeration, chemical cleaning and synthetic fuel production. All these processes are faced with one common problem area--fine coals. Dealing effectively with these fine coals during handling, storage, transportation, and/or processing continues to be a challenge facing the industry. Agglomeration by the unit operation of pelletization consists of tumbling moist fines in drums or discs. Past experimental work and limited commercial practice have shown that pelletization can alleviate the problems associated with fine coals. However, it was recognized that there exists a serious need for delineating the fundamental principles of fine coal pelletization. Accordingly, a research program has been carried involving four specific topics: (i) experimental investigation of coal pelletization kinetics, (ii) understanding the surface principles of coal pelletization, (iii) modeling of coal pelletization processes, and (iv) simulation of fine coal pelletization circuits. This report summarizes the major findings and provides relevant details of the research effort.
Formation mechanism and composition distribution of FePt nanoparticles (2007)

Self-assembled FePt nanoparticle arrays are candidate structures for ultrahigh density magnetic storage media. One of the factors limiting their application to this technology is particle-to-particle compositional variation. This variation will affect the A1 to L10 transformation as well as the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles. In the present study, an analysis is provided for the formation mechanism of these nanoparticles when synthesized by the superhydride reduction method. Additionally, a comparison is provided of the composition distributions of nanoparticles synthesized by the thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 and the reduction of FeCl2 by superhydride. The latter process produced a much narrower composition distribution. A thermodynamic analysis of the mechanism is described in terms of free energy perturbation Monte Carlo simulations.
Production of a yogurt‐like product from plant foodstuffs and whey. Substrate preparation and fermentation (1992)

Abstract A mixed substrate composed of soya milk, oat flour and dried cheese whey (82, 11 and 7% respectively) had a content of lactose and protein similar to that of milk used for yogurt manufacture. Heat treatment for 20 min at 80°C resulted in a viscosity similar to that of yogurt whilst removing coliform and mesophilic aerobic bacteria, moulds and yeasts. Fermentation with traditional yogurt bacteria did not increase viscosity further, and the final product had similar acidity and texture to yogurt. Acid development, carbohydrate consumption, proteolysis and starters counts were followed during fermentation. The fermentation profile of the mixed substrate was very similar to that of milk.
Trace-by-classification: A machine learning approach to generate trace links for frequently occurring software artifacts (2013)

Over the past decade the traceability research community has focused upon developing and improving trace retrieval techniques in order to retrieve trace links between a source artifact, such as a requirement, and set of target artifacts, such as a set of java classes. In this Trace Challenge paper we present a previously published technique that uses machine learning to trace software artifacts that recur is similar forms across across multiple projects. Examples include quality concerns related to non-functional requirements such as security, performance, and usability; regulatory codes that are applied across multiple systems; and architectural-decisions that are found in many different solutions. The purpose of this paper is to release a publicly available TraceLab experiment including reusable and modifiable components as well as associated datasets, and to establish baseline results that would encourage further experimentation.
Characterization of high density monolayers of the biofilm bacterium<i>Caulobacter crescentus</i>: Evaluating prospects for developing immobilized cell bioreactors (2000)

Caulobacters are biofilm-forming members of the natural flora of soil and aquatic environments, which exhibit several characteristics that make them attractive for development of high surface area microbial bioreactors or biosensors. Although caulobacters are well characterized genetically, little is known about their biofilm-forming characteristics as a monoculture, or their tolerance of bioreactor-like conditions. Here we investigated the ability of caulobacters to spontaneously form high-density monolayers on artificial surfaces under a variety of environmental conditions, using phase contrast image analysis to assess biofilm density, and epifluorescence with the vital stain DiBAC to assess viability. With adequate nutrition, extremely dense monolayers formed within 24-48 h, and maintained near 100% viability in experiments ranging up to 22 days. When areas were abraded to remove cells, repopulation occurred rapidly with characteristics similar to the population of a clean surface. When established monolayers were starved for nutrients, a significant fraction of the cells detached from the surface, and cells remaining on the surface no longer tested as viable. Within 4-6 h of nutrient restoration, however, cells in the monolayer again appeared normal and tested as 100% viable. This is the first demonstration that Caulobacter crescentus is stable and amenable to high density monolayer growth and resists starvation, though some cells may express a programmed response to detach from the surface under severe nutrient limitation.
Structure of the Mouse Peptide N-Glycanase-HR23 Complex Suggests Co-evolution of the Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation and DNA Repair Pathways (2006)

Peptide N-glycanase removes N-linked oligosaccharides from misfolded glycoproteins as part of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. This process involves the formation of a tight complex of peptide N-glycanase with Rad23 in yeast and the orthologous HR23 proteins in mammals. In addition to its function in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, HR23 is also involved in DNA repair, where it plays an important role in damage recognition in complex with the xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein. To characterize the dual role of HR23, we have determined the high resolution crystal structure of the mouse peptide N-glycanase catalytic core in complex with the xeroderma pigmentosum group C binding domain from HR23B. Peptide N-glycanase features a large cleft between its catalytic cysteine protease core and zinc binding domain. Opposite the zinc binding domain is the HR23B-interacting region, and surprisingly, the complex interface is fundamentally different from the orthologous yeast peptide N-glycanase-Rad23 complex. Different regions on both proteins are involved in complex formation, revealing an amazing degree of divergence in the interaction between two highly homologous proteins. Furthermore, the mouse peptide N-glycanase-HR23B complex mimics the interaction between xeroderma pigmentosum group C and HR23B, thereby providing a first structural model of how the two proteins interact within the nucleotide excision repair cascade in higher eukaryotes. The different interaction interfaces of the xeroderma pigmentosum group C binding domains in yeast and mammals suggest a co-evolution of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and DNA repair pathways.
Tissue‐specific variation of heat shock protein gene expression in relation to diapause in the bumblebee <i>Bombus terrestris</i> (2008)

Abstract Diapause‐associated expression patterns of heat shock protein genes ( hsp ) were determined in the queen of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris , a pollination insect. Partial cDNA sequences of three hsp genes – shsp , hsc70 and hsp90 – were obtained, and the deduced amino acid sequences were found to be highly homologous with corresponding hsp of hymenopteran insects. Using northern hybridization, the transcript level of each gene was compared in six stages relating to diapause: pre‐mating, post‐mating, chilling for 1, 2 and 3 months, and post‐chilling. The transcript level was also compared in four tissues of adult queens: brain, thoracic muscle, gut and ovary. The transcript levels of the three hsp genes changed at various rates in relation to diapause, and each pattern was highly tissue‐specific. Overall patterns of hsc70 and hsp90 expression were similar in each tissue. The shsp level in the brain was downregulated after 1 month chilling, but its level in the ovary was upregulated during a long chilling period; levels in muscle and gut did not change in relation to diapause. The levels of both hsc70 and hsp90 in muscle were gradually upregulated in late diapause and postdiapause stages, but levels in the ovary were downregulated during the chilling period, while levels in the brain and gut did not change in relation to diapause. Our results show that the three hsp genes were differentially regulated in stage‐ and tissue‐specific manners throughout diapause, and suggest unique physiological roles for these genes in relation to diapause in each tissue of queen bumblebees.