gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ING gene family in the regulation of cell growth and tumorigenesis (2008)

The five members of the inhibitor of growth (ING) gene family have garnered significant interest due to their putative roles as tumor suppressors. However, the precise role(s) of these ING proteins in regulating cell growth and tumorigenesis remains uncertain. Biochemical and molecular biological analysis has revealed that all ING members encode a PHD finger motif proposed to bind methylated histones and phosphoinosital, and all ING proteins have been found as components of large chromatin remodeling complexes that also include histone acetyl transferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, suggesting a role for ING proteins in regulating gene transcription. Additionally, the results of forced overexpression studies performed in tissue culture have indicated that several of the ING proteins can interact with the p53 tumor suppressor protein and/or the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) protein complex. As these ING-associated proteins play well-established roles in numerous cell processes, including DNA repair, cell growth and survival, inflammation, and tumor suppression, several models have been proposed that ING proteins act as key regulators of cell growth not only through their ability to modify gene transcription but also through their ability to alter p53 and NF-kappaB activity. However, these models have yet to be substantiated by in vivo experimentation. This review summarizes what is currently known about the biological functions of the five ING genes based upon in vitro experiments and recent mouse modeling efforts, and will highlight the potential impact of INGs on the development of cancer.
A Mechanism with Twin Harmonic Drives for Camshaft Phase Adjustment on DOHC Engines (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, a new camshaft phase adjustment mechanism with twin harmonic drives, which can be adopted to DOHC engines, is described and illustrated. The mechanism consists of an input circular spline rigidly connected to the camshaft sprocket, a flexspline, an output circular spline attached to the camshaft, a fixed wave generator, a rotatable wave generator, and a stepper motor. The angular position of the output circular spline relative to the input circular spline, which determines the camshaft phase, may be changed or kept constant by controlling the stepper motor to rotate the rotatable wave generator. The advantages of the mechanism in practical use include: multistage phase adjustment with a small interval over a wide range, small size of the rotating part along the axis direction, small moment of inertia, and convenience of wiring.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A prototype of the design for a DOHC engine was built. Phase adjustment tests show that the mechanism can lock reliably or adjust camshaft phase accurately according to the requirement. Also, reliability of the mechanism has been examined in a 200 hours preliminary test. Improvement in volumetric efficiency of the engine with the mechanism was measured and simulated. In the range of test engine speed, volumetric efficiency increased by 4.5 to 10.5 percent.</div>
The avian prechordal head region: a morphological study. (1993)

The axial mesoderm of the anterior head region was investigated in young chick and quail embryos by light and electron microscopy. Semithin sections showed that the axial head mesoderm consists of the head process and prechordal mesoderm. At the anterior end of the prechordal mesoderm, a group of columnar epithelial cells formed a pit-like structure. The bases of these columnar cells extended to the neural plate, thus limiting the prechordal mesoderm anteriorly. The cells lining the pit-like structure at its anterior end joined a cell accumulation made up of cells of mesenchymal character. Electron microscopy revealed that the columnar cells forming the pit-like structure were covered by a basal lamina which was discontinuous on its anterior aspect. No basal lamina was recognisable between the columnar epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells joining them anteriorly. The columnar epithelial cells bordering the prechordal mesoderm anteriorly were therefore assumed to be part of the endodermal germ layer. In agreement with the findings of other authors, it is proposed to term these axially located columnar cells of the endoderm the prechordal plate and to distinguish them from the prechordal mesoderm arising during gastrulation. For the mesenchymal cell accumulation anterior to the prechordal plate, participation in the formation of the prosencephalic mesenchyme is assumed. This implies that the definitive endodermal germ layer, like the ectodermal one represented by the neural crest, may also be able to contribute to mesenchyme formation in the head.
ADRENOMEDULLIN AND THE CONTROL OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE HOMEOSTASIS (1999)

Two potent hypotensive peptides, adrenomedullin (AM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), are encoded by the adrenomedullin gene. AM stimulates nitric oxide production by endothelial cells, whereas PAMP acts presynaptically to inhibit adrenergic nerves that innervate blood vessels. Complementary, but mechanistically unique, actions also occur in the anterior pituitary gland where both peptides inhibit adrenocorticotropin release. In the adrenal gland both AM and PAMP inhibit potassium and angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone secretion. Natriuretic and diuretic actions of AM reflect unique actions of the peptide on renal blood flow and tubular function. In the brain AM inhibits water intake and, in a physiologically relevant manner, salt appetite. Both AM and PAMP act in the brain to elevate sympathetic tone, effects that mirror the positive inotropic action of AM in the heart. Cardioprotective actions in the brain and heart may be important counter-regulatory actions that buffer the extreme hypotensive actions of the peptides when released in sepsis. Thus the biologic actions of the proadrenomedullin-derived peptides seem well coordinated to contribute to the physiologic regulation of volume and electrolyte homeostasis.
Recent Introduction and Rapid Dissemination of Chikungunya Virus and Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Associated With Human and Mosquito Coinfections in Gabon, Central Africa (2012)

These findings show the rapid dissemination of CHIKV and DENV-2 within a nonimmune population in a tropical African country, probably facilitated by the spread of Aedes albopictus. This has resulted in major simultaneous outbreaks with numerous coinfections in both human and mosquito.
Translocation of 32P between wood resources recently colonised by mycelial cord systems of Phanerochaete velutina (1994)

The basidiomycete fungus Phanerochaete velutina was inoculated centrally into trays of compressed, non-sterile woodland soil on precolonised 1 cm3 beech wood blocks. Mycelial systems developed from this and colonised two ‘baits’ (wood blocks or inert plastic controls), one on either side of the inoculum block. 32P-orthophosphate was supplied to a bait and its appearance in the other bait was monitored non-destructively with time, and destructively by liquid scintillation counting 60 or 70 days after addition of the radioisotope. Phosphorus was taken up by the first bait, translocated back to the inoculum block and onwards to the second bait. When the second bait was added 10 days after the first, translocation to the former was much more rapid indicating a large demand for phosphorus during early stages of colonisation. The size of the bait to which the 32P was added appeared to determine the amount taken up by the whole system, and the size of the second bait determined how much 32P was translocated to it. Decayed and/or small baits had less demand for phosphorous. The ecological relevance of these findings is discussed.
The first component of human complement: on the mechanism of activation by some carbohydrates. (1981)

Four synthetic saccharides (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-) linked to the carrier 8-methoxycarbonyloctanol were used in the presence or absence of a polysaccharide (PS) purified from ant venom to study the activation of C1 and the consumption of C4 in normal serum. The carrier was essential for the recorded activities of the saccharides. The alpha D mannose-O-carrier did not cause C1 activation and C4 consumption by itself, but it enhanced these activities when combined with the venom PS. The alpha L fuc(1 leads to 4)beta D glc-NAc-O-carrier caused C1 activation but no C4 consumption by itself at a high concentration (1.4 mg/ml), and enhanced C1 activation and C4 consumption in combination with the venom PS. The beta D gal(1 leads to 3)alpha L fuc(1 leads to 4)beta D glc-NAc-O-carrier caused both C1 activation and C4 consumption in normal human serum by itself. The alpha L fuc(1 leads to 2)beta D gal[alpha L fuc(1 leads to 4)]beta D glc-NAc-O-carrier neither caused C1 activation and C4 consumption by itself, nor did it enhance these activities when combined with the venom PS. Neither EAC1hu nor EAC1hu bound 3H-PS or 3H-beta D gal(1 leads to 3)alpha L fuc(1 leads to 4)beta D glc-NAc-O-carrier. Also, the precursor human C1 on EA (EAC1) was not activated by the venom PS. Thus, the overall evidence shows that human precursor C1 is activated by these carbohydrates solely by an interaction with C1q subunit of macromolecular C1.
[Changes of surfactant A and B in alveolar type II cells in hamster with elastase-induced emphysema]. (2000)

The decrease of SP-A and SP-B in alveolar type II cells seems to play an important role in the development of emphysema.
Developing flexible 3D printed antenna using conductive ABS materials (2015)

This paper presents the feasibility of conductive acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials in the fabrication of flexible three-dimensional (3D) antennas using additive manufacturing method. To demonstrate this application a bowtie antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed structure has been designed and measured. The prototype of the antenna has been fabricated using Makerbot® dual 3D printer and flexible polylactic acid (PLA) and ABS filaments for dielectric and conductive parts of the antenna, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first reported antenna fabricated with conductive ABS material. The dielectric properties of the PLA and ABS filaments have been measured using Agilent performance probe. The fabricated antenna possesses compact size, light-weight and mechanically flexible structure. In addition it achieves wide bandwidth of 24.18 % at the center frequency of 7.81 GHz.
Transcription of Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase genes celF and celD (1991)

Transcripts of the Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase genes celF and celD, encoding endoglucanases F and D, respectively, were characterized. The size of the mRNAs was about 2.35 kb for celF and 2.1 kb for celD, indicating monocistronic transcription of both genes. A unique 5' end, located 218 bp upstream from the initiation codon, was found for celF mRNA. No convincing homology could be identified between the sequence upstream from the celF 5' end and other procaryotic promoters. Two 5' ends, located 124 and 294 bp upstream from the initiation codon, were mapped for celD mRNA. The -10 and the -35 sequences preceding the ATG-distal 5' end of celD mRNA were homologous to the consensus sequence of Bacillus subtilis sigma 43 promoters. The sequence upstream from the ATG-proximal 5' end had some similarity with the -10 sequence of B. subtilis sigma 28 promoters. During growth on cellobiose, the 5' end of celD transcripts was found predominantly at the -124 site during the late exponential phase but almost exclusively at the -294 site during the early stationary phase. The kinetics of appearance of celA, celC, celD, and celF mRNA was followed by dot blot analysis. Transcripts of celA, celD, and celF were detected during late exponential and early stationary phase. In contrast, the celC transcript was detected almost exclusively during early stationary phase. Since growth was limited by the availability of cellobiose, the results suggest that the genes are regulated by a mechanism analogous to catabolite repression.
A simple and rapid DNA microextraction method for plant, animal, and insect suitable for RAPD and other PCR analyses. (1993)

W Y Cheung, N Hubert, and B S Landry Allelix Crop Technologies, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Feature-preserving artifact removal from dermoscopy images (2008)

Dermoscopy, also called surface microscopy, is a non-invasive imaging procedure developed for early screening of skin cancer. With recent advance in skin imaging technologies and image processing techniques, there has been increasing interest in computer-aided diagnosis of skin cancer from dermoscopy images. Such diagnosis requires the identification of over one hundred cutaneous morphological features. However, computer procedures designed for extracting and classifying these intricate features can be distracted by the presence of artifacts like hair, ruler markings, and air bubbles. Therefore, reliable artifact removal is an important pre-processing step for improving the performance of computer-aided diagnosis of skin cancer. In this paper, we present a new scheme that automatically detects and removes hairs and ruler markings from dermoscopy images. Moreover, our method also addresses the issue of preserving morphological features during artifact removal. The key components of this method include explicit curvilinear structure detection and modeling, as well as feature guided exemplar-based inpainting. We experiment on a number of dermoscopy images and demonstrate that our method produces superior results compared to existing techniques.
Dynamic Strands: Collapsing Speculative Dependence Chains for Reducing Pipeline Communication (2005)

In the modern era of wire-dominated architectures, specific effort must be made to reduce needless communication within out-of-order pipelines while still maintaining binary compatibility. To ease pressure on highly-connected elements such as the issue logic and bypass network, we propose the dynamic detection and speculative execution of instruction strands-linear chains of dependent instructions without intermediate fan-out. The hardware required for detecting these chains is simple and resides off the critical path of the pipeline, and the execution targets are the normal ALUs with a self-bypass mode. By collapsing these strings of dependencies into atomic macro-instructions, the efficiency of the issue queue and reorder buffer can be increased. Our results show that over 25% of all dynamic ALU instructions can be grouped, decreasing both the average reorder buffer occupancy and issue queue occupancy by over a third. Additionally, these strands have several properties which make them amenable to simple performance optimizations. Our experiments show average IPC increases of 17% on a four-wide machine and 20% on an eight-wide machine in Spec2000int and Mediabench applications. Finally, strands ease the IPC penalties of multicycle issue and bypass by reducing dependency pressures, providing opportunity for clock frequency gains as well.
Prognostic factors in well-differentiated thyroid cancer. (2001)

The differentiated thyroid carcinomas are malignant neoplasms most of them following an indolent course with infrequent metastases and long survival. However, a few cases behave in an aggressive fashion and, despite every attempt to treat, cause the death of the patient. Numerous investigations have been carried out to define the markers which affect the prognostic course of these tumors. There are three types of prognostic markers: clinicopathological, pathological (morphological) and biological. The first group include: age, sex, size of the tumor, multifocality, vascular and extrathyroidal invasion, grading and metastases. The second category collects some morphological features like tumor subtype, association with autoimmune thyroid diseases and ploidy. The last group features the oncogenes (RET and RET/PTC rearrangements). The accurate evaluation of all the previous prognostic markers is the basis of the treatment schemes discussed in the last section.
SDX: a novel self-aligned technique and its application to high-speed bipolar LSIs (1988)

A novel polysilicon selective-deposition method named selective deposition by exdiffusion (SDX) and a self-aligned bipolar LSI process using the SDX process are presented. The SDX process makes it possible to selectively form polysilicon patterns on silicon oxide patterns but not on silicon nitride patterns, where these patterns are formed on a silicon substrate surface. Bipolar transistor self-alignment between the isolation pattern and the entire transistor active region can be achieved in a 0.85- mu m silicon island by the SDX process. A transistor with a 12-GHz cutoff frequency, an LCML gate with a propagation delay time of 59 ps/gate, and a 1-kb ECL (emitter-coupled logic) memory with an access time of 0.95 ns have been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification and characterization of the class-II <scp>D</scp>-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (Crookes' strain) (1978)

A new form of the class-II D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) of Escherichia coli (Crookes' strain) was isolated from an extract of glycerol-grown bacteria. It has a higher molecular weight (approx. 80000)than previous preparations of the enzyme and closely resembles the typical class-II aldolase from yeast in size and amino acid composition. On the other hand, its kinetic behaviour is not typical of a class-II aldolase. The enzyme has no requirement for thiol compounds either for stability or activity, added K+ ions have no effect, and the optimum pH for the cleavage activity is unusually high. The class-II enzymes from the prokaryote E. coli and the eukaryote yeast show no immunological identity. However, the similarity of their structures suggests that they have evolved from a common ancestor.
Biosynthesis of Stress Ethylene Induced by Water Deficit (1981)

Wheat leaves normally produced very little ethylene, but following a water deficit stress which caused a loss of 9% initial fresh weight, ethylene production increased more than 30-fold within 4 hours and declined rapidly thereafter. The changes in ethylene production were paralleled by an increase and subsequent decrease in 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) content. The level of S-adenosylmethionine was unaffected, suggesting that the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to ACC is a key reaction in the production of water stress-induced ethylene. This view was further supported by the observation that application of ACC to nonstressed leaf tissue caused a 70-fold increase in ethylene production, while aminoethoxyvinylglycine, a known inhibitor of the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to ACC, inhibited ACC accumulation as well as the surge in ethylene production if the inhibitor was applied prior to the stress treatment. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, effectively blocked both ethylene production and ACC formation, suggesting that water stress induces de novo synthesis of ACC synthase, which is the rate-controlling enzyme in the pathway of ethylene biosynthesis.
Turbomachinery: Design and Theory (2003)

Dimensional analysis - basic thermodynamics and fluid mechanics hydraulic pumps hydraulic turbines centrifugal compressors and fans axial flow compressors and fans steam turbines axial flow and radial flow gas turbine cavitation in hydraulic machinery.
Comparing multivariate regression and artificial neural networks to model solar still production (2011)

A study has been performed to predict solar still performance using data originally gathered between February 2006 and August 2007. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of modeling distillate production using local weather data with artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multivariate regression (MVR). This study used weather variables which were hypothesized to affect still performance. Insulation, wind velocity, wind direction, cloud cover, and ambient temperature were the main weather variables that were used as the input data along with the operating distill and volume. The objectives of this study were to determine the minimum amount of inputs required to accurately model solar still performance and to examine which type of model performed the best.
Behavior of a New Blue-Sensitive Phototube in Theater Sound Equipment<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J11836">*</xref>--> (1946)

A new phototube designed to provide optimum performance when used in reproducers with films having standard black-and-white silver sound tracks, or with color films having either dye or edge-treated sound tracks, has been developed in the RCA laboratories. — Some results of laboratory tests and field observations when the new phototube is substituted for the standard red-sensitive 868-type phototube are discussed.
Crohn's disease presenting as isolated jejunitis years after childhood colitis. (1993)

We present a case of a patient who had documented ulcerative colitis as a child and later presented with isolated Crohn's jejunitis. Although rare, Crohn's disease must be considered in those patients with segmental inflammation of the small bowel and a prior history of inflammatory bowel disease involving the colon. Patients with colitis that do not show specific criteria for either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease should be classified as indeterminant colitis, and a small bowel series is indicated. It may be indicated to obtain a small bowel series in patients with any form of colonic inflammatory bowel disease, periodically, after diagnosis.
Physico-chemical behaviour of underground waters after the October 1, 1995 Dinar earthquake, SW Turkey (1999)

Abstract: On the evening of October 1, 1995, a M-S = 6.1 earthquake destroyed the city of Diner, SW Turkey. Within 48 hours after the main shock, a team of the German Earthquake Task Force arrived in the area to investigate possible earthquake-related changes in the chemical-chemical composition of shallow and deep groundwater's. A mapping was pet-formed to characterise different groundwater types and a continuously monitoring station was installed within the geothermal field of Afton. Repeated measurements, performed 1, 6, 12 and 18 months after the event, reveal post-seismic changes in water discharge, water temperature, and conductivity. We will focus on the changes of spring water discharge observed in the vicinity of the epicentre. In the first month after the earthquake the groundwater discharge increased at springs located within the down-thrown block, whereas a slight decrease was observed at sites on the hanging wall.