gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biofilm formation in the industry: A review (1992)

Abstract Biofilm and biofouling refer to biological deposits on any surface. Biofilms consist of both microbes and their extracellular products, usually polysaccharides. The purpose of biofilm is to protect the microbes from hostile environments or to act as a trap for nutrient acquisition. Biofilm formation causes problems in many branches of industry, such as in industrial water systems and the medical and process industries. Besides causing problems in cleaning and hygiene, biofilm may cause energy losses and blockages in condenser tubes, cooling fill materials, water and wastewater circuits, and heat exchange tubes, and on ship hulls. Biofilm can also present microbial risks due to the release of pathogens from cooling towers or by reducing water quality in drinking water distribution systems. In the medical industry biofilm is referred to as glycocalyx when diseases of the lungs or the gastrointestinal or urinary tract are involved.
Constructing large DNA segments by iterative clone recombination (2007)

Methods for constructing large contiguous segments of DNA will be enabling for Synthetic Biology, where the assembly of genes encoding circuits, biosynthetic pathways or even whole microbial organisms is of interest. Currently, in vitro approaches to DNA synthesis are adequate for generating DNAs that are up to 10s of kbp in length, and in vivo recombination strategies are more suitable for building DNA constructs that are 100 kbp or larger. We have developed a vector system for efficient assembly of large DNA molecules by iterative in vivo recombination of fosmid clones. Two custom fosmid vectors have been built, pFOSAMP and pFOSKAN, that support antibiotic switching. Using this technique we rebuilt two non-contiguous regions of the Haemophilus influenzae genome as episomes in recombinogenic Escherichia coli host cells. These regions together comprise190 kbp, or 10.4% of the H. influenze genome.
Chloride and inorganic phosphate modulate binding of oxygen to bovine red blood cells (1994)

The influence of Pi and Cl on the equilibrium of oxygen binding to bovine red blood cells was assessed by plotting the whole blood oxygen dissociation curve measured under standard conditions with and without added KCl and K2HPO4. Both salts shifted the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. This effect was more marked at the highest saturation levels. At a given saturation level, the anion-induced shift was linearly related to the concentration of salt added to the blood. Cl had a greater effect than Pi. The relationship between changes in Po2 at 50% hemoglobin saturation (in Torr) and concentrations of ions added (in mmol/l) was equal to 0.0515[Cl] + 0.0302[Pi] (r2 = 0.94; P < 0.001). These changes were not due to the hyperosmolality induced by salt addition, since sucrose added in place of salts was without effect on the measured parameters. The oxygen exchange fraction expressed as percentage of saturation, i.e., the difference in hemoglobin saturation when Po2 decreases from 130 to 40 Torr, was linearly correlated to added anion concentration (in mmol/l) (= 0.102[Cl] + 0.059[Pi] (r2 = 0.95; P < 0.001)). No significant interaction between the anions was observed; their effects were purely additive. This original mechanism of controlling the oxygen affinity of bovine blood may have clinical relevance: Cl and Pi could be used to increase oxygen transport efficiency in hypoxic animals.
Quaternary Ammonium Groups Exposed at the Surface of Silica Nanoparticles Suitable for DNA Complexation in the Presence of Cationic Lipids (2015)

The production of silica nanoparticles (NPs) exposing quaternary ammonium groups (NPQ(+)) has been achieved using an optimized chemical surface functionalization protocol. The procedures of surface modification and quaternization of amino groups were validated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. Compared to nonquaternized aminated NP, the colloidal stability of NPQ(+) was improved for various pH and salt conditions as assessed by ζ potential and light scattering measurements. In the context of their use for nucleic acid delivery, DNA efficiently bound to NPQ(+) analyzed by cosedimentation assays for a large pH range and various NaCl concentrations and exhibited a better efficacy at basic pH than nonquaternized NP. The study of NPQ(+)/DNA/cationic lipids ternary complexes was carried out with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and analyzed by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Cryo-EM images showed ternary assemblies where condensed DNA strands are sandwiched between the NPQ(+) surface and the cationic lipid bilayer. Because of an unusual electrostatic colloidal stability of NPQ(+) and a high propensity to bind DNA molecules particularly at high salt concentrations, a novel type of ternary assembly has been formed that might impact the delivery properties of these complexes including their stability in biological environment.
Distributed Smart Cameras for Aging in Place (2006)

This paper describes the design and preliminary implementation of two distributed smart camera applications: a fall detector and an object finder. These functions are part of a novel suite of applications being developed to address aging in place health care technologies. Our approach to these applications is unique in that they are based heavily on video data, whereas other solutions may require devices that must be worn or attached to objects. The fall detector relies on features extracted from video by the camera nodes, which are sent to a central processing node where one of several machine learning techniques are applied to detect a fall. If a fall is detected, alerts are triggered both in the home and to a third party. The object finder similarly uses a boosted cascade of classifiers to visually recognize objects either by request of the user or automatically when an object is moved.
Turning web text and search queries into factual knowledge: hierarchical class attribute extraction (2008)

A seed-based framework for textual information extraction allows for weakly supervised acquisition of open-domain class attributes over conceptual hierarchies, from a combination of Web documents and query logs. Automatically-extracted labeled classes, consisting of a label (e.g., painkillers) and an associated set of instances (e.g., vicodin, oxycontin), are linked under existing conceptual hierarchies (e.g., brain disorders and skin diseases are linked under the concepts BrainDisorder and SkinDisease respectively). Attributes extracted for the labeled classes are propagated upwards in the hierarchy, to determine the attributes of hierarchy concepts (e.g., Disease) from the attributes of their subconcepts (e.g., BrainDisorder and SkinDisease).
Cooperative multi-agent traffic signal control system using fast gradient-descent function approximation for V2I networks (2014)

The traffic signal control is the basic method to solve the urban congestions problem coming with the accelerating urbanization. For large city, it is challenge to improve the traffic signal control flexibility to adapt the real-time traffic change while to decrease the computation complexity. This paper proposes a cooperative Q-learning with function approximation(CQFA) algorithm for vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) networks. By gathering the local intersection traffic information from V2I networks and employing cooperative behaviors with neighboring intersections, the algorithm can achieve the optimal policy without any central supervising agents. To address the curse of dimensionality effectively, the Q-learning function is approximated by using a fast gradient-descent function approximation method to pick out the optimal Q-learning action. The Q-learning with Function Approximation algorithm combining the cooperative mechanism balances the urban traffic flow and uses approximating strategy to decrease the computation dimensionality. It can improve the traffic throughout, reduce the average waiting time and avoid congestions. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Use of a multiwavelength pyrometer in several elevated temperature aerospace applications (2001)

A multiwavelength pyrometer was developed for applications unique to aerospace environments. It was shown to be a useful and versatile technique for measuring temperature, even when the emissivity is unknown. It has also been used to measure the surface temperatures of ceramic zircornia thermal barrier coatings and alumina. The close agreement between pyrometer and thin film thermocouple temperatures provided an independent check. Other applications of the multiwavelength pyrometer are simultaneous surface and bulk temperature measurements of a transparent material, and combustion gas temperature measurement using a special probe interfaced to the multiwavelength pyrometer via an optical fiber. The multiwavelength pyrometer determined temperature by transforming the radiation spectrum in a broad wavelength region to produce a straight line (in a certain spectral region), whose intercept in the vertical axis gives the temperature. Implicit in a two-color pyrometer is the assumption of wavelength independent emissivity. Though the two data points of a two-color pyrometer similarly processed would result immediately in a similar straight line to give the unknown temperature, the two-color pyrometer lacks the greater data redundancy of the multiwavelength pyrometer, which enables it to do so with improved accuracy. It also confirms that emissivity is indeed wavelength independent, as evidenced by a multitude of the data lying on a simple straight line. The multiwavelength pyrometer was also used to study the optical transmission properties of a nanostructured material from which a quadratic exponential functional frequency dependence of its spectral transmission was determined. Finally, by operating the multiwavelength pyrometer in a very wide field of view mode, the surface temperature distribution of a large hot surface was obtained through measurement of just a single radiation spectrum.
Analysis of CcpA mutations defective in carbon catabolite repression in Bacillus megaterium (1997)

Five mutations in ccpA of Bacillus megaterium with impaired functions were analysed for carbon catabolite repression. The phenotypes support the hypothesis that CcpA assumes a PurR/LacI fold. The completely inactive mutants CcpA119GE and CcpA326am cause alterations which are incompatible with that fold. A mutation with reduced activity, CcpA81GE, affects a site that would be partially surface exposed and may interfere with structure formation or cofactor binding. A mutation in the putative hinge α-helix, CcpA52AE, is negative transdominant over wild-type ccpA. The mutant CcpA38am is inactive, although reduced amounts of wild-type size protein are produced.
Abstract 5006: A 3-dimensional cell invasion assay compatible with high content screening (2014)

Abstract The transition from non-invasive phenotype to invasive phenotype of tumor cells marks the switch from a benign tumor that can be successfully treated via surgery to a more malignant form of cancer. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this hallmark event, which enables tumor cells to invade through extracellular matrix, is critical for discovering pathways and new targets to develop anti-metastatic strategies. Previously, we developed a cell based assay for the study of cell migration in 96-well plates. A self-dissolving biocompatible gel (BCG) is utilized to form uniformly sized, cell-free detection zones in collagen I coated 96-well plates. When cells are seeded into these wells, they pattern in an annular monolayer surrounding the BCG. Once the BCG dissolves, an overlay of collagen I is applied to the assay wells, following which cells can invade in 3-dimensions into the detection zone previously occupied by the BCG. This “Oris™ Pro” cell invasion assay presents a straightforward, accessible and quantifiable cell method to study cell invasion, and can be used for example to evaluate candidate drugs targeting tumor invasion. Microscopic visual assessment of cell invasion in the presence of inhibitors is made by use of cell stains at multiple time-points. In this study we demonstrate the use of this assay platform for robust and reproducible analysis of HT-1080 and MDA- MB-231 cell invasion in 3-D. The presentation will discuss (i) factors that influence cell invasion, including density of collagen overlay and time; (ii) microscopic monitoring of cell invasion in the presence of potential inhibitors throughout the duration of the experiment; and (iii) the qualitative and quantitative readouts that can be obtained using this 3-dimensional cell invasion assay. Citation Format: Jennifer A. Fronczak, Matthew S. Gajeski, Erica L. Beckman, Laura Vollmer, Andreas Vogt, Gopal Krishnan. A 3-dimensional cell invasion assay compatible with high content screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5006
ELaNa – Educational Launch of Nanosatellite: Providing Routine RideShare Opportunities (2012)

Since the creation of the NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative (NCSLI), the need for CubeSat rideshares has dramatically increased. After only three releases of the initiative, a total of 66 CubeSats now await launch opportunities. So, how is this challenge being resolved? NASA's Launch Services Program (LSP) has studied how to integrate PPODs on Athena, Atlas V, and Delta IV launch vehicles and has been instrumental in developing several carrier systems to support CubeSats as rideshares on NASA missions. In support of the first two ELaNa missions the Poly-Picosatellite Orbital Deployer (P-POD) was adapted for use on a Taurus XL (ELaNa I) and a Delta n (ELaNa III). Four P-PODs, which contained a total eight CubeSats, were used on these first ELaNa missions. Next up is ELaNa VI, which will launch on an Atlas V in August 2012. The four ELaNa VI CubeSats, in three P-PODs, are awaiting launch, having been integrated in the NPSCuLite. To increase rideshare capabilities, the Launch Services Program (LSP) is working to integrate P-PODs on Falcon 9 missions. The proposed Falcon 9 manifest will provide greater opportunities for the CubeSat community. For years, the standard CubeSat size was 1 U to 3U. As the desire to include more science in each cube grows, so does the standard CubeSat size. No longer is a 1 U, 1.5U, 2U or 3U CubeSat the only option available; the new CubeSat standard will include 6U and possibly even 12U. With each increase in CubeSat size, the CubeSat community is pushing the capability of the current P-POD design. Not only is the carrier system affected, but integration to the Launch Vehicle is also a concern. The development of a system to accommodate not only the 3U P-POD but also carriers for larger CubeSats is ongoing. LSP considers payloads in the lkg to 180 kg range rideshare or small/secondary payloads. As new and emerging small payloads are developed, rideshare opportunities and carrier systems need to be identified and secured. The development of a rideshare carrier system is not always cost effective. Sometimes a launch vehicle with an excellent performance record appears to be a great rideshare candidate however, after completing a feasibility study, LSP may determine that the cost of the rideshare carrier system is too great and, due to budget constraints, the development cannot go forward. With the current budget environment, one cost effective way to secure rideshare opportunities is to look for synergy with other government organizations that share the same interest.
A Preliminary Study for Unconstrained Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) Measurement on a Chair (2005)

A method of measuring the pulse arrival time (PAT) non-consciously on a chair is proposed. In this method, the electrically non-contact ECG measurement system and the air cushion with balancing tubes are used. In this paper, the correlation between the typical PAT and the unconstrained PATs (A-PATs) are compared. The typical PAT is measured as the difference of R-peak of ECG and the steepest descent point of the PPG in toe. The three different A-PATs were measured from the pressure pulse of the air cushion (APP). The correlation between the typical PAT and the A-PAT from the steepest descent point of the APP was the highest (R=0.9663).
L’impératif de beauté du corps féminin : la minceur, l’obésité et la sexualité dans les romans de Lise Tremblay et de Nelly Arcan (2011)

Dans l’oeuvre de Lise Tremblay et de Nelly Arcan, le corps, et plus particulièrement sa beauté, de même que le pouvoir sexuel qui en découle, apparaît indissociable de la quête identitaire des personnages féminins et conditionne les formes liées au discours romanesque. Par l’analyse des représentations du corps, de son (auto)objectivation et des stratégies adoptées par les auteures pour dénoncer les effets de l’impératif de beauté chez les femmes, il devient donc possible de circonscrire, sur le plan du discours littéraire, l’aliénation dont elles souffrent toujours dans une société qui se dit égalitaire.
Axotomy-Induced Smad1 Activation Promotes Axonal Growth in Adult Sensory Neurons (2009)

Mature neurons have diminished intrinsic regenerative capacity. Axotomy of the peripheral branch of adult dorsal root ganglia (a "conditioning" lesion) triggers a transcription-dependent axon growth program. Here, we show that this growth program requires the function of the transcription factor Smad1. After peripheral axotomy, neuronal Smad1 is upregulated, and phosphorylated Smad1 accumulates in the nucleus. Both events precede the onset of axonal extension. Reducing Smad1 by RNA interference in vitro impairs axonal growth, and the continued presence of Smad1 is required to maintain the growth program. Furthermore, intraganglionic injection of BMP2 or 4, which activates Smad1, markedly enhances axonal growth capacity, mimicking the effect of a conditioning lesion. Thus, activation of Smad1 by axotomy is a key component of the transcriptional switch that promotes an enhanced growth state of adult sensory neurons.
Notochord to endoderm signaling is required for pancreas development (1997)

The role of the notochord in inducing and patterning adjacent neural and mesodermal tissues is well established. We provide evidence that the notochord is also required for one of the earliest known steps in the development of the pancreas, an endodermally derived organ. At a developmental stage in chick embryos when the notochord touches the endoderm, removal of notochord eliminates subsequent expression of several markers of dorsal pancreas bud development, including insulin, glucagon and carboxypeptidase A. Pancreatic gene expression can be initiated and maintained in prepancreatic chick endoderm grown in vitro with notochord. Non-pancreatic endoderm, however, does not express pancreatic genes when recombined with the same notochord. The results suggest that the notochord provides a permissive signal to endoderm to specify pancreatic fate in a stepwise manner.
Yeast as a model system for anticancer drug discovery (2001)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used extensively as a model for higher eukaryotes in the study of basic cellular processes. The high degree of conservation in terms of sequence similarity and function has made this organism useful in elucidating biological pathways, both yeast and human. Among these are pathways responsible for DNA damage repair and cell cycle control. This review presents an overview of opportunities for using yeast as a model system for anticancer drug discovery. It covers screens directed against specific cancer-related targets as well as contexts created by cancer-related alterations. The methodologies covered include pharmacological and genetic screens, as well as genome-wide approaches to drug target identification.
Abnormal Retinal Function Associated With Fenretinide, a Synthetic Retinoid (1986)

Five patients with basal cell carcinoma received fenretinide. Two patients while receiving the drug had evidence of abnormal rod photoreceptor function that reversed rapidly on cessation of therapy. We speculate that fenretinide may interfere with the binding of vitamin A to opsin or with the transport of vitamin A.
Inflatable honeycomb Patent (1965)

Inflatable honeycomb panel element for lightweight structures usable in space stations and other construction
Introduction: Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Contemporary Civilization (1984)

During the 1960s, Herbert Marcuse was more widely discussed than any other living philosopher. His criticisms of advanced industrial society and defence of radical politics achieved world-wide impact, and he was acclaimed ‘father of the New Left’.1 Almost alone among contemporary philosophers, Marcuse’s ideas became topics of debate not only in scholarly journals, but in the popular press as well. For instance, an author in the Saturday Evening Post wrote that: ‘Like rock ‘n’ roll and some of the mind-expanding drugs and those movies in which beginning-middle-end come in reverse or spiral or other or no patterns, Marcuse is a stimulant to fantasy and action, not the architect of a system. He is a writer of anthems and manifestos, not the organiser of reality. Thoughtful students are temporary people, bound for elsewhere — an elsewhere that they cannot clearly define. Marcuse tells them that this voyage is freedom, and that in the world to come the perpetual student will be the whole man.’2 Summing up this phenomenon, Paul Breines writes: Almost overnight the unknown dialectician became, in phrase, the ‘improbable guru of surrealist politics’ and simultaneously evoked the wrath of authorities and authoritarians everywhere. Indeed, it is one of the unique achievements of Marcuse’s work that it has unified California’s right-wing elders, , liberals such as Irving Howe and Nathan Glazer, the French Communist Party, and, most recently, the Pope in a single chorus of reprobation against the supposed pied piper who has corrupted the minds, morals and manners of the young.
Design and Manufacturing of Thermoplastic Composite Ribs Based on Finite Element Analysis (2008)

In aerospace systems, composite structures are characterized by high structural performance, which is unfortunately coupled to high material costs. Thermoplastic composite (TPC) materials offer a great potential in reducing manufacturing costs by using thermoforming. However, a high percentage of the material blank will not become part of the real product, thus becomes scrap. In this paper, a scheme for design and manufacturing of rubberformed flap rib is presented. The scheme makes use of a finite element tool to simulate the forming process, where the manufacturing and blank are optimized with the aim to minimize composite material while it is subject to design and manufacturing constraints. As result, the presented scheme is a potent way to reduce developing time and scrap and increasing cost effectiveness during R&D and production of TPC structures.