gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechatronics of electrostatic microactuators for computer disk drive dual-stage servo systems (2001)

A decoupled control design structure and discrete time pole placement design method are proposed for MEMS-based dual-stage servo control design in magnetic disk drives. Dual-stage track following controllers are designed using a decoupled three-step design process: the voice coil motor (VCM) loop design, the microactuator (MA) inner loop design, and the MA outer loop design. Both MIMO (when the MA relative position sensing is available) and SIMO (when the MA relative position sensing is not available) designs are considered. The effect of MA resonance mode variations on the stability and performance of the controllers are analyzed. Self-tuning control and online identification of the MA model are developed to compensate for the variations in the MA's resonance mode.
Synthesis of comb polymers via grafting‐onto macromolecules bearing pendant diene groups via the hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐RAFT click concept (2010)

Abstract Comb polymers were synthesized by the “grafting‐onto” method via a combination of Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the hetero‐Diels‐Alder (HDA) cycloaddition. The HDA reactive monomer trans, trans‐hexa‐2,4‐dienylacrylate (ttHA) was copolymerized with styrene via the RAFT process. Crosslinking was minimized by decreasing the monomer concentration—whilst keeping monomer to polymer conversions low—resulting in reactive backbones with on average one reactive pendant diene groups for 10 styrene units. The HDA cycloaddition was performed between the diene functions of the copolymer and a poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) (P n BA) prepared via RAFT polymerization with pyridin‐2‐yldithioformate, which can act as a dienophile. The coupling reactions were performed within 24 h at 50 °C and the grafting yield varies from 75% to 100%, depending on the number average molecular weight of the P n BA (3500 g mol −1 < M n < 13,000 g mol −1 ) grafted chain and the reaction stoichiometry. The molecular weights of the grafted block copolymers range from 19,000 g mol −1 to 58,000 g mol −1 with polydispersities close to 1.25. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1773–1781, 2010
On the extent of genetic variation for transpiration efficiency in sorghum (1997)

A glasshouse study examined 49 diverse sorghum lines for variation in transpiration efficiency. Three of the 49 lines grown were Sorghum spp. native to Australia; one was the major weed Johnson grass ( Sorghum halepense ), and the remaining 45 lines were cultivars of Sorghum bicolor . All plants were grown under non-limiting water and nutrient conditions using a semi-automatic pot watering system designed to facilitate accurate measurement of water use. Plants were harvested 56–58 days after sowing and dry weights of plant parts were determined. Transpiration efficiency differed signficantly among cultivars. The 3 Australian native sorghums had much lower transpiration efficiency than the other 46 cultivars, which ranged from 7·7 to 6·0 g/kg. For the 46 diverse cultivars, the ratio of range in transpiration efficiency to its l.s.d. was 2·0, which was similar to that found among more adapted cultivars in a previous study. This is a significant finding as it suggests that there is likely to be little pay-off from pursuing screening of unadapted material for increased variation in transpiration efficiency. It is necessary, however, also to examine absolute levels of transpiration efficiency to determine whether increased levels have been found. The cultivar with greatest transpiration efficiency in this study (IS9710) had a value 9% greater ( P &lt; 0·05) than the accepted standard for adapted sorghum cultivars. The potential impact of such an increase in transpiration efficiency warrants continued effort to capture it. Transpiration efficiency has been related theoretically and experimentally to the degree of carbon isotope discrimination in leaf tissue in sorghum, which thus offers a relatively simple selection index. In this study, the variation in transpiration efficiency was not related simply to carbon isotope discrimination. Significant associations of transpiration efficiency with ash content and indices of photosynthetic capacity were found. However, the associations were not strong. These results suggest that a simple screening technique could not be based on any of the measures or indices analysed in this study. A better understanding of the physiological basis of the observed genetic differences in transpiration efficiency may assist in developing reliable selection indices. It was concluded that the potential value of the improvement in transpiration efficiency over the accepted standard and the degree of genetic variation found warrant further study on this subject. It was suggested that screening for genetic variation under water-limiting conditions may provide useful insights and should be pursued.
A Naturally Aspirated Miller Cycle Gasoline Engine - Its Capability of Emission, Power and Fuel Economy (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">To solve the pollutant emissions from a diesel engine, it seems quite effective to replace a diesel engine with a gasoline engine whose emission is less dirty. For this purpose it is required for a gasoline engine to improve the fuel consumption to the same level of a conventional diesel engine, so that the Miller system was applied to a gasoline engine. The Miller cycle gasoline engine equipped with rotary valves to control induced charge has an ability to vary the effective compression ratio, so that the better fuel economy is obtained due to the effects of both higher expansion ratio and decrease in pumping loss. 2.6 liter Miller cycle gasoline engine has a similar fuel consumption characteristic as the conventional 3.0 liter diesel engine. Although the output performance of the Miller cycle gasoline engine is inferior a little to that of the diesel engine, the emission characteristic of the Miller engine is far superior. Further, the ways to improve power output, fuel consumption and emissions characteristics are discussed.</div>
<sup>13</sup>C NMR determination of the microstructure of polypropylene obtained with the DADNi(NCS)<sub>2</sub>/methylaluminoxane catalyst system (2004)

Abstract A complete 13 C NMR characterization of a polymer synthesized with a new Ni‐diimine complex [DADNi(NCS) 2 , where DAD = 2,6 ‐ iPr  C 6 H 3  N  C(Me)  C(Me)  N  2,6 ‐ iPr  C 6 H 3 ] activated by methylaluminoxane by homopolymerization of propylene is presented. The amorphous material was made up mainly of blocks of syndiotactic polypropylene and ethylene–propylene copolymer. Some degree of propylene inversion (<1.2 mol %) and of long isobutyl and 2‐methyl hexyl branching (<1 mol %) were assigned and quantified. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2171–2178, 2004
Prospective randomized trial of two dose levels of interferon alfa with zidovudine for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a Canadian HIV Clinical Trials Network study. (1998)

Zidovudine and moderate-dose-interferon alfa may be combined safely for the treatment of HIV-associated KS, and both response to treatment and toxicity are dose related.
Rapid Access to a Broad Range of 6′-Substituted Firefly Luciferin Analogues Reveals Surprising Emitters and Inhibitors (2017)

Light-emitting firefly luciferin analogues contain electron-donating groups in the 6'-position, but the scope of known 6'-substitution remains narrow. A two-step route to a broad range of 6'-substituted luciferin analogues was developed to fill this void and enable more extensive study of the 6'-functionality. This chemistry allowed direct access to "caged" amide and bright azetidine analogues, but also revealed thioether inhibitors and unexpectedly luminogenic aryl amine derivatives.
Treatment of lupus-induced thrombocytopenia with recombinant human interleukin-11 (2001)

Autoimmune thrombocytopenia can be a serious manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which necessitates treatment with immunosuppressive agents and platelet transfusions. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a unique thrombopoietic growth factor which causes proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors as well as induces megakaryocytic maturation. To our knowledge, this agent has not been used in the treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenia, since theoretically there is a danger of IL-11 stimulating the immune system by up-regulating the lymphoid stem cells. We describe a 36-year-old splenectomized woman with known SLE who presented with pulmonary hemorrhage, acute renal failure, change in mental status, and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count 2,000/mm3). Her pulmonary, renal, and central nervous system complications responded to intensive therapy with intravenous (IV) pulse methylprednisone and cyclophosphamide along with hemodialysis. The thrombocytopenia remained refractory to the above treatment plus daily multiple platelet transfusions and IV immunoglobulin. Treatment with recombinant human IL-11 (25 microg/kg/day subcutaneously) was initiated and continued for 5 days. Her platelet count improved to 25,000/mm3 within 48 hours, and she experienced no adverse effects.
Trace determination of alkyl methylphosphonic acids in environmental and biological samples using gas chromatography/negative‐ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (1995)

Abstract Alkyl methylphosphonic acids (AMPA) are metabolites and primary hydrolysis products of the organophosphorus nerve agents listed in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Gas chromatography/negative‐ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (GC/NICI‐MS and GC/NICI‐MS/MS) were used for the determination of AMPA as their pentafluorobenzyl esters. Extremely high sensitivity was obtained and low attogram amounts could be detected by GC/NICI‐MS. Ion‐exchange chromatography was employed for selective isolation and enrichment of AMPA in serum, urine, water and soil samples. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of the single methylphosphonate anion peak from NICI of the pentafluorobenzyl ester produced fragment ions specific for the methylphosphonate structure, allowing positive identification of AMPA. CID conditions optimized for structure information and for sensitivity were investigated. The improved selectivity of GC/MS/MS allows the detection of femtogram amounts of AMPA in samples where chemical background inhibits detection by GC/MS.
Adaptive CMMSE receivers for space-time block coded MIMO CDMA systems (2003)

A technique that can suppress multiple access interference (MAI) in space-time block coded (STBC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) CDMA systems is developed. The proposed scheme, called the constrained minimum mean square error (CMMSE) receiver, is an extension of our method (see Hong, S.C. et al., Proc. VTC'02 Spring, 2002) to MIMO systems. The proposed CMMSE receiver for STBC systems has the identical complexity and rate of convergence as those of the CMMSE receiver for a SISO system, irrespective of the number of transmission antennas. Closed-form expressions for signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of the proposed and conventional maximum likelihood (ML) receivers are derived. As a result, it is shown that the proposed CMMSE receiver can provide significant performance improvement over the existing ML receiver.
On Directional K-Coverage Analysis of Randomly Deployed Camera Sensor Networks (2008)

Recently, smart surveillance is becoming a very important application of camera sensor networks. Most face recognition and tracking techniques employed in surveillance systems rely on the assumption of a frontal view of the human face. In order to detect the precise face orientation by cooperation among multiple cameras, we need to guarantee that each point in monitored region be covered by more than one camera. In this paper, we address the problem of Directional if-Coverage (DKC) in camera sensor networks. The DKC problem is different from that in conventional sensor networks due to the two aspects: directionality of sensing model and effective sensing. In particular, we propose a mathematical model to describe the relation among the number of cameras deployed randomly, the range of effective sensing angle, and the rate of directional if-coverage. Finally, we use simulations to show the effectiveness of deploying our model in practical scenarios.
Etiology of Total Knee Arthroplasty Failure (1999)

Summary: Although aseptic failure is relatively uncommon, poor surgical technique and inadequate prosthetic design are responsible for most indications for revision knee surgery. In a failed total knee arthroplasty, it is imperative that the surgeon initially defines the mode of failure of the implant. The most common causes of aseptic failure are loosening, with or without component malalignment, polyethylene wear, ligament instability, extensor mechanism insufficiency, and arthrofibrosis. Failure is discussed under three major headings: patient selection, implant design, and surgical error. The preoperative planning section provides an overview of surgical exposure, implant removal, bone defect classifications, ligament balancing, and wound closure in total knee arthroplasty revision. Surgical techniques in total knee arthroplasty revision are discussed in more depth in part 2.
Statistical Properties of Timing Jitter in a PAM Timing Recovery Scheme (1974)

A new technique is presented for evaluating the performance of a popular type of timing recovery circuit for baseband synchronous pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) data signals. The timing circuit consists of a square-law device followed by a narrowband filter tuned to the pulse repetition frequency along with provision for reshaping the pulses entering the timing path (prefiltering). The output of the timing circuit is a nearly sinusoidal timing wave whose zero crossings indicate the appropriate sampling instants for demodulation of the PAM signal. For a random data sequence, the timing wave exhibits phase fluctuations which are strongly dependent on the pulse shapes entering the timing path and the passband shape of the narrow-band filter. Expressions for rms phase fluctuation in the timing wave as a function of the prefiltering and postfiltering characteristics of the filters preceding and following the square-law device are presented. These expressions have a form which is especially suitable for studying the case where the baseband PAM signal is band-limited to frequencies less than the pulse repetition frequency. A condition on prefiltering and postfiltering which gives error-free timing recovery is presented. Results obtained from some specific examples serve to illustrate several aspects of the timing recovery problem.
Cardiovascular Health Supervision for Individuals Affected by Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy (2005)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common and severe form of the childhood muscular dystrophies. The disease is typically diagnosed between 3 and 7 years of age and follows a predictable clinical course marked by progressive skeletal muscle weakness with loss of ambulation by 12 years of age. Death occurs in early adulthood secondary to respiratory or cardiac failure. Becker muscular dystrophy is less common and has a milder clinical course but also results in respiratory and cardiac failure. The natural history of the cardiomyopathy in these diseases has not been well established. As a result, patients traditionally present for cardiac evaluation only after clinical symptoms become evident. The purpose of this policy statement is to provide recommendations for optimal cardiovascular evaluation to health care specialists caring for individuals in whom the diagnosis of Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy has been confirmed.
The oncostatic and immunosuppressive action of new nitrosourea derivatives containing sugar radicals. (1975)

Four new nitrosourea derivatives represent an appreciable progress in the treatment and cure of L1210 leukemia. Their therapeutic index is higher than that of CCNU and MeCCNU. Of these compounds, RFCNU may prove the most promising, as its therapeutic index is the highest of those for all the four compounds studied; moreover, unlike the other products, it is not immunosuppressive, whether administered before or after the antigen.
The Effect of Plyometric Exercises Use on the Physical and Skillful Performance of Basketball Players (2010)

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of plyometric exercises on the special physical abilities and skillful performance of basketball players. It was applied to a sample of 20 players of 16 years old from El- Shoban El-Muslmeen club in Port Said. They were divided into two equivalent groups (experimental and control) of 10 players each. The experimental group applied the plyometric exercises and the control group applied the usual program.The program was applied for 12 weeks with 3 training units at 120 minutes for each unit. Through the training unit, the exercises were united between the two groups except for the part of the special physical preparation. The experimental group performed the plyometric exercises while the control group performed the physical exercise. Then, the scientific coefficients were applied to tests using a sample outside the study sample. The scientific coefficients of constancy were between 0.764 and 0.970 and the reliability was between 0.903 and 984. The results pointed to a significant progress in the improvement percentages for the experimental group in all study tests compared to the improvement percentages of the control group, which were respectively: tests of vertical jump at 27.01%, medicine ball push (3 kg) at 20.14%, running 30m x 5n at 1.62% and shuttle running at 7.53%, which led to an improvement in the skillful performance (passing at 13.62%, dribbling at 13.46% , under-basket shooting at18.58% and lay-up at 57.97%).
Upgrading distributed applications with the version manager (2018)

Abstract: "Developers and managers of distributed systems today face a difficult choice. To provide for the evolution of their systems, they can either require that the software running on all nodes is inter-operable, or they can shut down the entire system when an upgrade is required. The former complicates the life of system developers, while the latter annoys users. We propose Version Manager, a middle ground between these approaches: an upgrade framework that limits the the [sic] extent of support required for interoperability, while also providing availability during upgrades. We evaluate the feasibility of our approach by applying it to two existing distributed systems: the Cooperative File System [11], and IrisLog [3]. Our proposal enables the upgrade of these systems while maintaining system availability, and without requiring code modifications."
Renal allograft rejection is prevented by adoptive transfer of anergic T cells in nonhuman primates (2005)

Anergic T cells generated ex vivo are reported to have immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. Here, we tested this concept in nonhuman primates. Alloreactive T cells were rendered anergic ex vivo by coculture with donor alloantigen in the presence of anti-CD80/CD86 mAbs before adoptive transfer via renal allograft to rhesus monkey recipients. The recipients were briefly treated with cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine A during the preparation of the anergic cells. Thirteen days after renal transplantation, the anergic T cells were transferred to the recipient, after which no further immunosuppressive agents were administered. Rejection-free survival was prolonged in all treated recipients, and 3 of 6 animals survived long term (410-880 days at study's end). In the long-surviving recipients, proliferative responses against alloantigen were inhibited in a donor-specific manner, and donor-type, but not third-party, skin allografts were also accepted, which demonstrated that antigen-specific tolerance had been induced. We conclude that anergic T cells generated ex vivo by blocking CD28/B7 costimulation can suppress renal allograft rejection after adoptive transfer in nonhuman primates. This strategy may be applicable to the design of safe clinical trials in humans.
Osteolysis: A Disease of Access to Fixation Interfaces (2002)

Long-term clinical studies of total hip replacement suggest a direct relationship between bearing wear and periprosthetic osteolysis, particularly if polyethylene wear is greater than a threshold value of 0.1 mm per year. The current clinical trend to cross-linked polyethylene and hard-to-hard bearings attempts to ensure that bearing wear remains below this threshold. Fluid pressure generated in the hip during patient activity also has been implicated in the formation of periprosthetic lesions. Pressure fluctuation measured during manipulation of the hip at revision, or the identification of modular components that pump fluid during loading, suggest cyclic pressure may be a causative factor in bone resorption. Animal studies show the adverse effect of direct pressure on osteocytes. At more than 10 years followup, the low incidence of osteolytic lesions in retrospective reviews of successful cemented and cementless implant designs suggest that osteolysis is not an inevitable consequence of particle or pressure generation in the hip. If the quality of implant fixation prohibits fluid access to the surrounding bone, the rate of osteolysis is minimal. It is evident that whether the active factor in osteolysis is pressure, wear particles, or both, adverse periprosthetic effects can be minimized if access to the fixation interfaces in the hip is denied.
An Inorganic Microsphere Composite for the Selective Removal of<sup>137</sup>Cesium from Acidic Nuclear Waste Solutions. 2: Bench‐Scale Column Experiments, Modeling, and Preliminary Process Design (2009)

A new inorganic ion exchange composite for removing radioactive cesium from acidic waste streams has been developed. The new material consists of ammonium molybdophosphate, (NH4)3P(Mo3O10)4·3H2O (AMP), synthesized within hollow aluminosilicate microspheres (AMP‐C), which are produced as a by‐product from coal combustion. The selective cesium exchange capacity of this inorganic composite was evaluated in bench‐scale column tests using simulated sodium bearing waste solution as a surrogate for the acidic tank waste currently stored at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Total cesium loading on the columns at saturation agreed very well with equilibrium values predicted from isotherm experiments performed previously. A numerical algorithm for solving the governing partial differential equations (PDE) for cesium uptake was developed using the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient obtained from previous batch kinetic experiments. Solutions to the governing equations were generated to obtain the cesium concentration at the column effluent as a function of throughput volume using the same conditions as those used for the actual column experiments. The numerical solutions of the PDE fit the column break through data quite well for all the experimental conditions in the study. The model should therefore provide a reliable prediction of column performance at larger scales.