gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A releasable data capsule for the deep ocean (2002)

There is a need to make continuous measurements of variations in sea pressure and temperature in the deep ocean for periods of five years or more. However it is important to recover data each year. Instrumentation has been developed using glass spheres as releasable data capsules (RDCs), capable of storing an entire observational series. Any capsule can be retrieved on command, leaving the sensors and main instrument on the sea bed. Whilst on the sea bed, data is telemetered to the capsules via an infra-red link. Each capsule can be released without the need to cut electrical cables or to part connectors. The datum of the measurements is presented and the sensors are not subject to large hydrostatic pressure changes which normally occur during recovery and redeployment. The capsule electronics have been designed using very low power electronic circuits to give a long deployment time with a limited power source. A prototype instrument has been built and is presently deployed at a depth of 3690 metres at the southern end of the Drake Passage. Three capsules have been successfully recovered during this deployment providing over 2 years of continuous bottom pressure records. An objective of the project has been to incorporate satellite telemetry into the RDCs. This will supply the data at scheduled intervals and reduce costs associated with recovery.
CW LASER ACTION IN N2O (N2–N2O SYSTEM) (1965)

First Page
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEXTRAN FROM LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES (1948)

In conjunction with investigations on the a-l, 6-glucosidic linkage in starch, it was desirable to conduct comparative studies on other substances containing this linkage.The dextran from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, a polysaccharide having predominantly a-1 ,6-glucosidic linkages, was selected to be used directly in these comparative studies and to provide a source of simpler substances containing this linkage of rare occurrence.Experiments were designed to provide a dependable source of dextran of high purity and of reproducible high viscosity.Improvements have been made over methods previously described for the preparation of this polysaccharide (l-4), and procedures have been established for the preparation of dextrans of low as well as of high viscosities.Factors Injhencing Dextran Production-Numerous factors, only a few of which have been studied (1,4), appear to influence the properties and the amount of the dextran and of the by-products produced from sucrose by cultures of Leuconostoc mesenteroides.A factor of outstanding importance is the strain of the organism (5), which appears to determine whether the dextran is water-soluble or water-insoluble (3, 6).The structural basis for this difference in solubility is not known.Previously reported dextrans, most of which originated from different strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, have varied in other physical properties.Dextran has been obtained in yields of 18 (3) and 25 per cent (4), with specific rotations of +178" to +184" (2, 6,7), of +195" (8), and of +198" (9).It has been reported to have high (2,4,6) and low (1,9) contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and ash.Some viscosity data for dextran are not on a comparable basis (7, 8) and other data present unexplained variations (5).The optimum pH range for the enzymatic synthesis of dextran has been shown by Hehre to be 4.0 to 6.0 (7, 10).When preparing dextran from cultures of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, neutralization of the acidic byproducts has been reported to increase the yield of dextran (1,4,11).The incubation time used previously for the production of dextran has
Thin Film Materials (2004)

Thin film mechanical behavior and stress presents a technological challenge for materials scientists, physicists and engineers. This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the major issues and topics dealing with stress, defect formation, surface evolution and allied effects in thin film materials. Physical phenomena are examined from the continuum down to the sub-microscopic length scales, with the connections between the structure of the material and its behavior described. Theoretical concepts are underpinned by discussions on experimental methodology and observations. Fundamental scientific concepts are embedded through sample calculations, a broad range of case studies with practical applications, thorough referencing, and end of chapter problems. With solutions to problems available on-line, this book will be essential for graduate courses on thin films and the classic reference for researchers in the field.
Person to Camera Distance Measurement Based on Eye-Distance (2009)

This paper presents a novel person to camera distance measuring system based on eye-distance. The distance between centers of two eyes is used for measuring the person to camera distance. The variation in eye-distance (in pixels) with the changes in camera to person distance (in inches) is used to formulate the distance measuring system. The system starts with computing the distance between two eyes of a person and then person to camera distance is measured. The proposed distance measurement system is relatively simple and inexpensive to implement as it does not require any other external distance measuring tools. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the system with an average accuracy of 94.11%.
A Retrospective Evaluation of Stifle Osteoarthritis in Dogs with Bilateral Medial Patellar Luxation and Unilateral Surgical Repair (1992)

The effects of surgical and nonsurgical therapy on the development of osteoarthritis were compared in 12 dogs with bilateral medial patellar luxation and unilateral surgical repair. Evaluations included severity of lameness and patellar luxation, ligamentous stability, range of motion, and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis before surgery and at a mean of 33 months after surgery. Stifles without surgical treatment served as controls for the contralateral stifles with surgery. All stifles treated surgically had reduced patellofemoral joints, normal range of motion, and improved limb use. Osteoarthritis progressed significantly and comparably in both groups of stifles. Progression of osteoarthritis was not correlated with luxation grade, body weight, or interval from surgery to follow-up. Age at surgery was correlated positively with severity of osteoarthritis in the stifles treated surgically.
Fabricating three‐dimensional polymeric photonic structures by multi‐beam interference lithography (2006)

Abstract The fabrication of true three‐dimensional (3D) microstructures both rapidly and economically over a large area with negligible defects is attractive for a wide range of applications. In particular, multi‐beam interference lithography is one of the promising techniques that can mass‐produce polymeric 3D photonic crystals defect‐free over a large area. This review discusses the relationship between beam geometry and the symmetry of the interference patterns, the lithographic process, and various types of photoresist systems, including thick films of negative‐tone and positive‐tone photoresists, organic‐inorganic hybrids, hydrogels, and holographic polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correct horse battery staple (2012)

Users tend to create passwords that are easy to guess, while system-assigned passwords tend to be hard to remember. Passphrases, space-delimited sets of natural language words, have been suggested as both secure and usable for decades. In a 1,476-participant online study, we explored the usability of 3- and 4-word system-assigned passphrases in comparison to system-assigned passwords composed of 5 to 6 random characters, and 8-character system-assigned pronounceable passwords. Contrary to expectations, system-assigned passphrases performed similarly to system-assigned passwords of similar entropy across the usability metrics we examined. Passphrases and passwords were forgotten at similar rates, led to similar levels of user difficulty and annoyance, and were both written down by a majority of participants. However, passphrases took significantly longer for participants to enter, and appear to require error-correction to counteract entry mistakes. Passphrase usability did not seem to increase when we shrunk the dictionary from which words were chosen, reduced the number of words in a passphrase, or allowed users to change the order of words.
Can Lactobacillus fermentum LF10 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02 in a Slow-release Vaginal Product be Useful for Prevention of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis? (2014)

This study strengthens the evidence supporting the use of specific lactobacilli with well-demonstrated activities associated with the creation and maintenance of a vaginal biofilm that hinders the persistence of an infection caused by Candida.
Room-temperature-operating data processing circuit based on single-electron transfer and detection with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor technology (2006)

A single-electron-based circuit, in which electrons are transferred one by one with a turnstile and subsequently detected with a high-charge-sensitivity electrometer, was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The turnstile, which is operated by opening and closing two metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors alternately, allows single-electron transfer at room temperature owing to electric-field-assisted shrinkage of the single-electron box. It also achieves fast single-electron transfer (less than 10ns) and extremely long retention (more than 104s). We have applied these features to a multilevel memory and a time-division weighted sum circuit for a digital-to-analog converter.
Schiff bases as external and internal electrophiles in reactions of functionalized organolithium reagents. A new route to isoindoline derivatives and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSchiff bases as external and internal electrophiles in reactions of functionalized organolithium reagents. A new route to isoindoline derivatives and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinesCharles K. Bradsher and David A. HuntCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 327–330Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views971Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Depletion of Nsd2-mediated histone H3K36 methylation impairs adipose tissue development and function (2018)

The epigenetic mechanisms regulating adipose tissue development and function are poorly understood. In this study, we show that depletion of histone H3K36 methylation by H3.3K36M in preadipocytes inhibits adipogenesis by increasing H3K27me3 to prevent the induction of C/EBPα and other targets of the master adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Depleting H3K36 methyltransferase Nsd2, but not Nsd1 or Setd2, phenocopies the effects of H3.3K36M on adipogenesis and PPARγ target expression. Consistently, expression of H3.3K36M in progenitor cells impairs brown adipose tissue (BAT) and muscle development in mice. In contrast, depletion of histone H3K36 methylation by H3.3K36M in adipocytes in vivo does not affect adipose tissue weight, but leads to profound whitening of BAT and insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT). These mice are resistant to high fat diet-induced WAT expansion and show severe lipodystrophy. Together, these results suggest a critical role of Nsd2-mediated H3K36 methylation in adipose tissue development and function.
Antimicrobial Peptides: New Frontiers in the Therapy of Infections (2011)

Drug Development -A Case Study Based Insight into Modern Strategies 124
Neurodegeneration in Methylmalonic Aciduria Involves Inhibition of Complex II and the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, and Synergistically Acting Excitotoxicity (2002)

Methylmalonic acidurias are biochemically characterized by an accumulation of methylmalonate (MMA) and alternative metabolites. There is growing evidence for basal ganglia degeneration in these patients. The pathomechanisms involved are still unknown, a contribution of toxic organic acids, in particular MMA, has been suggested. Here we report that MMA induces neuronal damage in cultures of embryonic rat striatal cells at a concentration range encountered in affected patients. MMA-induced cell damage was reduced by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, antioxidants, and succinate. These results suggest the involvement of secondary excitotoxic mechanisms in MMA-induced cell damage. MMA has been implicated in inhibition of respiratory chain complex II. However, MMA failed to inhibit complex II activity in submitochondrial particles from bovine heart. To unravel the mechanism underlying neuronal MMA toxicity, we investigated the formation of intracellular metabolites in MMA-loaded striatal neurons. There was a time-dependent intracellular increase in malonate, an inhibitor of complex II, and 2-methylcitrate, a compound with multiple inhibitory effects on the tricarboxylic acid cycle, suggesting their putative implication in MMA neurotoxicity. We propose that neuropathogenesis of methylmalonic aciduria may involve an inhibition of complex II and the tricarboxylic acid cycle by accumulating toxic organic acids, and synergistic secondary excitotoxic mechanisms.
Blockade of maternal anti‐HPA‐1a–mediated platelet clearance by an HPA‐1a epitope–specific F(ab′)<sub>2</sub> in an in vivo mouse model of alloimmune thrombocytopenia (2008)

F(ab')(2) fragments of HPA-1a-selective MoAb SZ21 effectively inhibit anti-HPA-1a-mediated clearance of human PLT circulating in an in vivo NOD/SCID mouse model. These results suggest that agents that inhibit binding of anti-HPA-1a to PLTs may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of NAIT.
Sex Chromosome Effects Unmasked in Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension (2010)

Sex differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP) are reported in many experimental models of hypertension and are ascribed to gonadal sex based on studies showing that gonadectomy and gonadal hormone replacement affect MAP. The interpretation of these studies, however, has been confounded by differences in the sex chromosome complement (XX versus XY). To investigate the sex chromosome complement independent of gonadal sex, we used the 4 core genotype mouse model in which gonadal sex is separated from the sex chromosome complement enabling comparisons among XX and XY females and XX and XY males. We found that, in the gonadectomized (GDX) 4 core genotype, MAP after 2 weeks of angiotensin II infusion (200 ng/kg per minute) was greater in XX than XY (MAP [in millimeters of mercury]: GDX-XX-female, 148+/-4.5; GDX-XY-female, 133+/-4.4; GDX-XX-male, 149+/-9.4; GDX-XY-male, 138+/-5.5; P<0.03, XX versus XY; n=8 to 9 per group). In contrast, no sex chromosome effects were found on heart rate, body weight, or plasma angiotensin II 2 weeks after angiotensin II infusion. This study suggests that, in addition to effects of gonadal hormones on blood pressure, X- or Y-linked genes, parental imprinting, or X mosaicism contributes to sex differences in hypertension. Furthermore, the finding that MAP was greater in XX mice compared with XY mice in the GDX state suggests that adverse sex chromosome effects encoded within the XX sex chromosome complement could contribute to hypertension in women with ovarian hormone deficiency, such as postmenopausal women and women with premature ovarian failure.
Redesigning Enzymes by Site‐Directed Mutagenesis (1985)

The systematic alteration of protein structure has now become possible with genetic engineering. Recent developments in techniques for the chemical synthesis of DNA fragments and in recombinant DNA technology have enabled the facile modification of proteins by highly specific mutagenesis of their genes. Enzymes with novel properties may be produced in large quantities from the mutant genes. Kinetic analysis of the mutant enzymes can be combined with high-resolution structural data from protein X-ray crystallography to provide direct measurements on the relationships between structure and function. In particular, the strength and nature of enzyme-substrate interactions and their roles in catalysis and specificity may be studied. The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus is being systematically analysed by site-directed mutagenesis. A fine-structure analysis is revealing the subtle roles of hydrogen bonding in catalysis and specificity. Modification of the residues that hydrogen-bond with ATP and tyrosine shows how the energetics must be analysed in terms of an exchange reaction with solvent water. Based on this idea, and structural data, an enzyme of vastly improved enzyme-substrate affinity has been engineered. There thus appear to be real prospects of engineering proteins of new specificities, activities and structural properties. Direct information is also being gathered on the nature of enzyme catalysis. For example, the catalysis of formation of Tyr-AMP from Tyr and ATP does not appear to use the classical mechanisms of acid-base or covalent catalysis. Instead, there just appears to be a binding site that stabilizes the high-energy pentacoordinate intermediate in the reaction.
Calcium Signaling and Amyloid Toxicity in Alzheimer Disease (2010)

Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is fundamental to neuronal physiology and viability. Because of its ubiquitous roles, disruptions in Ca(2+) homeostasis are implicated in diverse disease processes and have become a major focus of study in multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). A hallmark of AD is the excessive production of beta-amyloid (Abeta) and its massive accumulation in amyloid plaques. In this minireview, we highlight the pathogenic interactions between altered cellular Ca(2+) signaling and Abeta in its different aggregation states and how these elements coalesce to alter the course of the neurodegenerative disease. Ca(2+) and Abeta intersect at several functional levels and temporal stages of AD, thereby altering neurotransmitter receptor properties, disrupting membrane integrity, and initiating apoptotic signaling cascades. Notably, there are reciprocal interactions between Ca(2+) pathways and amyloid pathology; altered Ca(2+) signaling accelerates Abeta formation, whereas Abeta peptides, particularly in soluble oligomeric forms, induce Ca(2+) disruptions. A degenerative feed-forward cycle of toxic Abeta generation and Ca(2+) perturbations results, which in turn can spin off to accelerate more global neuropathological cascades, ultimately leading to synaptic breakdown, cell death, and devastating memory loss. Although no cause or cure is currently known, targeting Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis as an underlying and integral component of AD pathology may result in novel and effective treatments for AD.
Peer Groups in a Cultural Context (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cultural Dependency Theoretical Framework Peer Groups and Children's Development
Long-Term Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure in Mice Results in Chronic Lung Inflammation and Persistent Pathology (2002)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major proinflammatory glycolipid component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall, is one of the agents ubiquitously present as contaminant on airborne particles, including air pollution, organic dusts, and cigarette smoke. Chronic exposure to significant levels of LPS is reported to be associated with the development and/or progression of many types of lung diseases, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and progressive irreversible airflow obstruction, that are all characterized by chronic inflammatory processes in the lung. In the present study, pathologic effects of long-term LPS exposure to the lung were investigated in detail. To this end, a murine model in which mice were exposed to repeated intratracheal instillation of Escherichia coli LPS was developed. We show that long-term LPS instillation in mice results in persistent chronic pulmonary inflammation, characterized by peribronchial and perivascular lymphocytic aggregates (CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD19(+)), parenchymal accumulation of macrophages and CD8(+) T cells, and altered cytokine expression. Furthermore, airway and alveolar alterations such as mucus cell metaplasia, airway wall thickening, and irreversible alveolar enlargement accompanied the chronic inflammatory response. Interestingly, the observed inflammatory and pathologic changes mimic changes observed in human subjects with chronic inflammatory lung diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suggesting that this murine model could be applicable to dissect the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of these disease conditions.
C<scp>ULTURAL AND</scp>G<scp>ENETIC</scp>A<scp>PPROACHES TO</scp>M<scp>ANAGING</scp>M<scp>YCOTOXINS IN</scp>M<scp>AIZE</scp> (2003)

Infection of maize kernels by toxigenic fungi remains a challenging problem despite decades of research progress. Cultural practices, including crop rotation, tillage, planting date, and management of irrigation and fertilization, have limited effects on infection and subsequent mycotoxin accumulation. Current infrastructure and grain storage practices in developed countries can prevent postharvest development of mycotoxins, but this aspect remains a threat in developing countries, especially in tropical areas. Because most mycotoxin problems develop in the field, strategies are needed to prevent infection of growing plants by toxigenic fungi. Developing genetic resistance to Aspergillus flavus, Gibberella zeae, and Fusarium spp. (particularly F. verticillioides) in maize is a high priority. Sources of resistance to each of these pathogens have been identified and have been incorporated into public and private breeding programs. However, few, if any, commercial cultivars have adequate levels of resistance. Efforts to control infection or mycotoxin development through conventional breeding and genetic engineering are reviewed. The role of transgenic insect control in the prevention of mycotoxins in maize is discussed.