gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the <i>c‐erb</i>B‐2 protein in normal and transformed cells (1987)

Two synthetic peptides from the predicted sequence of the human c-erbB-2 protein were synthesized and used to raise antisera in rabbits. The sequences chosen were identical to those in the homologous rat c-neu protein. The antibodies produced reacted with the immunizing peptides in ELISA but showed little or no cross-reaction with the partly homologous peptides found in equivalent positions in the human EGF receptor. Both antipeptide antibodies, and a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the rat neu protein, immunoprecipitated a 185-kDa protein from 35S-methionine-labelled lysates prepared from a rat cell line known to express high levels of the c-neu protein. The antipeptide antibodies also recognized a protein of the same size in Western blots. In addition, both antipeptide antibodies immunoprecipitated a 190-kDa protein from labelled cell lysates prepared from human and monkey cells. Antibodies to one of the peptides, which showed no detectable cross-reaction with human, rat or monkey EGF receptor, were used to examine the expression of the c-erbB-2 protein on a variety of cultured cell types. Eleven transformed, I non-established and 2 immortalized cell types were examined by immunoprecipitation for their level of expression of the c-erbB-2 protein and of the EGF receptor. The numbers of EGF receptors varied widely between different cell lines, whereas the level of the c-erbB-2 protein, which was found on all of the cell types examined, was more constant. The number of c-erbB-2 molecules present was estimated by autoradiography to be about 100,000 per cell. The antibodies were then used to examine the location and level of expression of the human c-erbB-2 and rat c-neu proteins in normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the c-erbB-2 protein was highly expressed in rat kidney proximal tubules and loop of Henle. The c-erbB-2 protein was also present on normal human epithelial cells but in some cases with a different distribution to that of the EGF receptor.
Design of nanosized structures in sol-gel derived porous solids. Applications in catalyst and inorganic membrane preparation (1999)

Recent advances in sol-gel processing, with the aim of porous ceramic oxide preparation and applications in catalysis and membrane separation, are reviewed. Recent results from our group in porous solid preparation are presented. Three topics of particular interest are reported which highlight the potential of sol-gel methods to tailor microporous and mesoporous structures in solids, and also the possibility to combine catalyst and ceramic membrane properties. The first one deals with the preparation and the characterisation of supported microporous layers (e.g. with pore diameter of less than 2 nm) and the applications linked to ceramic nanofilters. The second topic illustrates improvements expected in sol-gel processing of oxide catalysts and the possibility of forming supported catalytic layers and membranes. The last one has to do with the role of surface active agents in the control of the sol-to-gel transition and in the formation of tailor-made porous structures in oxide materials.
Atrial fibrillation: an emerging epidemic? (2004)

dramatic increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation . . . .
A Robust Testing Method for Determination of the Damping Loss Factor of Composites (1992)

This paper describes a robust testing method for the experimental determination of the vibration damping loss factor of composites. This procedure is being proposed as a result of a detailed experimental program that was undertaken to characterize the damping loss factor of glass and graphite-epoxy composite materials. During the experimental testing to determine the damping loss factor of the composites, it became evident that the amplitude of vibration of the test beam had a pronounced effect on the calculated loss factor determined using the half-power bandwidth method. Calculated loss factors were significantly reduced if the tip displacement amplitude versus time were lower than 0.001 in. (0.0025 cm) for more than 25% of the data set. To alleviate this problem, a robust testing method was developed. In this procedure, a set of 2048 displacement versus time data points are recorded. This displacement versus time data is then partitioned into 512 data point intervals. A Fourier transform is performed on each of these data sets and loss factor determined using the half-power bandwidth method. The loss factor as a function of the maximum tip displacement within each data set is plotted. A linear least squares fit is performed on the data, with an extrapolation being made to zero displacement. The extrapolation to zero displacement effectively reduces the extraneous losses, providing a more robust testing protocol for material characterization. This testing method should provide increased accuracy and precision for the determination of the damping loss factor of materials.
Electromechanics in MoS2 and WS2: nanotubes vs. monolayers (2013)

The transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMD) MoS₂ and WS₂ show remarkable electromechanical properties. Strain modifies the direct band gap into an indirect one, and substantial strain even induces an semiconductor-metal transition. Providing strain through mechanical contacts is difficult for TMD monolayers, but state-of-the-art for TMD nanotubes. We show using density-functional theory that similar electromechanical properties as in monolayer and bulk TMDs are found for large diameter TMD single- (SWNT) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs). The semiconductor-metal transition occurs at elongations of 16%. We show that Raman signals of the in-plane and out-of-plane lattice vibrations depend significantly and linearly on the strain, showing that Raman spectroscopy is an excellent tool to determine the strain of the individual nanotubes and hence monitor the progress of nanoelectromechanical experiments in situ. TMD MWNTs show twice the electric conductance compared to SWNTs, and each wall of the MWNTs contributes to the conductance proportional to its diameter.
Lock-free scheduling of logical processes in parallel simulation (2001)

With fixed lookahead information in a simulation model, the overhead of asynchronous conservative parallel simulation lies in the mechanism used for propagating time updates in order for logical processes to safely advance their local simulation clocks. Studies have shown that a good scheduling algorithm should preferentially schedule processes containing events on the critical path. This paper introduces a lock-free algorithm for scheduling logical processes in conservative parallel discrete-event simulation on shared-memory multiprocessor machines. The algorithm uses fetch and add operations that help avoid inefficiencies associated with using locks. The lock-free algorithm is robust. Experiments show that, compared with the scheduling algorithm using locks, the lock-free algorithm exhibits better performance when the number of logical processes assigned to each processor is small or when the workload becomes significant. In models with large number of logical processes, our algorithm shows only modest increase in execution time due to the overhead in the algorithm for extra bookkeeping.
Event-based scheduling algorithm for rendering SMIL documents (2004)

'Time' and 'user event' facts in a nondeterministic multimedia presentation make it hard for a scheduler to determine when multimedia objects are to be rendered and how long the rendering will be. The paper is about the scheduling algorithm which is responsible for the rendering of multimedia objects used in Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language 2.0 (SMIL2.0). The proposed algorithm, called event-based scheduling (EBS) algorithm, is composed of two steps, a preprocessing step and a rendering step. In the preprocessing step, all user interaction (event) facts and all temporal facts of the start condition are converted into 'event + time' facts. After the preprocessing step that sets the start condition with an 'event + time' fact, an event-based table (waiting list) is generated and used to render multimedia objects in the rendering step.
Chloroplast protein targeting involves localized translation in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> (2009)

The compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells requires that newly synthesized proteins be targeted to the compartments in which they function. In chloroplasts, a few thousand proteins function in photosynthesis, expression of the chloroplast genome, and other processes. Most chloroplast proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm, imported, and then targeted to a specific chloroplast compartment. The remainder are encoded by the chloroplast genome, synthesized within the organelle, and targeted by mechanisms that are only beginning to be elucidated. We used fluorescence confocal microscopy to explore the targeting mechanisms used by several chloroplast proteins in the green alga Chlamydomonas. These include the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) and the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) subunits, which are imported from the cytoplasm, and 2 proteins synthesized in the chloroplast: the D1 subunit of photosystem II and the rubisco large subunit. We determined whether the targeting of each protein involves localized translation of the mRNA that encodes it. When this was the case, we explored whether the targeting sequence was in the nascent polypeptide or in the mRNA, based on whether the localization was translation-dependent or -independent, respectively. The results reveal 2 novel examples of targeting by localized translation, in LHCII subunit import and the targeting of the rubisco large subunit to the pyrenoid. They also demonstrate examples of each of the three known mechanisms-posttranslational, cotranslational (signal recognition particle-mediated), and mRNA-based-in the targeting of specific chloroplast proteins. Our findings can help guide the exploration of these pathways at the biochemical level.
Reconstitution of normal neutrophil function in chronic granulomatous disease by bone marrow transplantation. (1989)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was carried out on an 11-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease and severe chronic pulmonary insufficiency of restrictive type. After preparative regimen with busulfan (13 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg), the patient received marrow cells from his HLA-identical and MLC-nonreactive sister. Durable sustained engraftment of donor hematopoietic and lymphoid populations occurred, as documented by analysis of genetic markers and complete reversal of the neutrophil function defect. No episode of infection occurred in the post-transplant course and, currently, 40 months after transplantation the patient is in excellent health and growing normally and showing an increasing improvement of his respiratory capacity. The successful outcome in this patient demonstrates that marrow transplantation is at present the only curative approach for this congenital disorder of neutrophil function.
Bc1-2 protects mice against fatal alphavirus encephalitis. (1996)

Virus-induced apoptosis has been well characterized in vitro, but the role of apoptosis in viral pathogenesis is not well understood. The suicide of a cell in response to viral infection is postulated to be an important host defense for the organism, leading to a reduction in its total viral burden. However, virus-induced death of nonregenerating cells in the central nervous system may be detrimental to the host. Therefore, to investigate the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of fatal encephalitis, we constructed a recombinant alphavirus chimera that expresses the antiapoptotic gene, bcl-2, in virally infected neural cells. Infection of neonatal mice with the alphavirus chimera expressing human bcl-2 [Sindbis virus (SIN)/bcl-2] resulted in a significantly lower mortality rate (7.5%) as compared with infection with control chimeric viruses containing a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene (SIN/CAT) (78.1%) or bcl-2 containing a premature stop codon (SIN/bcl-2stop) (72.1%) (P < 0.001). Viral titers were reduced 5-fold 1 day after infection and 10-fold 6 days after infection in the brains of SIN/bcl-2-infected mice as compared to SIN/CAT or SIN/bcl-2stop-infected mice. In situ end labeling to detect apoptotic nuclei demonstrated a reduction in the number of foci of apoptotic cells in the brains of mice infected with SIN/bcl-2 as compared with SIN/bcl-2stop. The reduction in apoptosis was associated with a reduction in the number of foci of cells expressing alphavirus RNA. Thus, the antiapoptotic gene, bcl-2, suppresses viral replication and protects against a lethal viral disease, suggesting an interaction between cellular genetic control of viral replication and cell death.
Association hardware for intelligent electronic systems (1999)

Aiming at real-time event recognition, basic association hardware was developed using neuron MOS (νMOS), a multi-input threshold processing element device. To store a large amount of past events as analog vectors, new rewritable analog EEPROM cells were first designed, featuring high-accuracy analog voltage control without “read/verify.” Besides, associator hardware was developed to detect and associate nearest stored events to input events. In addition, a circuit was designed for detection of motion vectors of 2D images as the most simple application of the associator, and it was shown that processing only takes several hundred nanoseconds, while even dedicated DSP requires about 10 ms. As an application of 2D image compression and processing, νMOS circuit for real-time center-of-mass detection was also developed. The salient feature of νMOS circuits is the unique combination of flexibility of analog processing with accuracy of digital processing. Appropriate use of analog processing is efficient in eliminating digital bottleneck. Besides, along with analog circuitry development, vector quantization processor was designed as a digital circuit, and applied to real-time compression of moving images. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn 30(12): 52–62, 1999
Distributed compression for large camera arrays (2003)

We address the problem of compression for large camera arrays, and propose a distributed solution based on Wyner-Ziv coding. The proposed scheme allows independent encoding of each view with low-complexity cameras, and performs centralized decoding with side information from additional views. Experimental results are given for two light field data sets. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with independently coding each view using JPEG2000 and a shape-adaptive JPEG-like coder. The Wyner-Ziv coder yields superior compression performance at low bit-rates. In addition, there is a great reduction in encoder complexity when compared to JPEG2000. 1.
Accuracy of a Web-based System for Monitoring Chronic Wounds (2003)

This study evaluated the accuracy of a store-and-forward telemedicine system for assessing the status of chronic wounds, including those surgically repaired. Digital photos and other patient and wound data were collected by a nurse using a laptop and transmitted via the Internet to a database, which organized and posted the data onto a web page for access by the telemedicine physician. Two Veterans' Affairs (VA) medical centers and two specialties (plastic surgery, physical medicine and rehabilitation) participated in the study. Study patients included inpatients and outpatients with pressure ulcers of stage II, III, or IV, plus outpatients with diabetic foot ulcers or venous stasis ulcers. All patients were assessed both in-person (the "gold standard") and with the telemedicine system using yes/no responses and a 5-point scale, respectively, on four diagnostic questions concerning wound healing and infection, based on AHCPR guidelines. A total of 70 patients were enrolled, with data collected on 430 visits: up to 6 visits per wound. Percentage agreement for all visits ranged from 67.1 for "not healing" to 88.8 for "cellulitis present." Sensitivity ranged from 0.32 for cellulitis to 0.63 for necrosis; and specificity ranged from 0.80 for necrosis to 0.91 for cellulitis. Although agreement of the telemedicine system was not high, it was not significantly less than interphysician agreement on in-person assessments. A relatively inexpensive store-and-forward telemedicine system for monitoring the status of chronic wounds has the potential to improve access to specialty care for patients who are not currently receiving routine monitoring by specialized nurses or physicians.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantitation of Organophosphate Pesticides: Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, and Pirimiphos-methyl in Wheat Grain and Flour-Milling Fractions (1992)

Abstract Simple, competitive enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed for the quantitation of each of 3 major organophosphate Insecticides: fenltrothlon (FN), chlorpyrifos-methyi (CPM), and plrlmlphos-methyl (PIRM). Performance of these assays on wheat grain and (for FN and CPM) on milling fractions such as flour, wheat germ, and bran has been assessed. Each assay is specific for the particular compound, i.e., no significant cross-reaction with the other 2 pesticides is observed. Only limited reactions were noted with major metabolites or analogs of these pesticides. Assay limits of detection of 0.3 ng FN, 0.2 ng CPM, and 0.02 ng PIRM, corresponding to limits of detection in whole grain of 0.08 ppm FN, 0.2 ppm CPM, and 0.03 ppm PIRM. Each compound In grain and milling fractions could be extracted quantitatively by simple shaking in neat methanol. Multiresidue analysis of the 3 insecticides was performed by simultaneously adding the cereal extract (diluted in phosphate buffer) to separate duplicate microwells coated with antibodies to FN, CPM, and PIRM and adding appropriate pesticide-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. High correlations between gas chromatography and the ELISA methods were obtained for Insecticide levels In whole wheat and In milling fractions. In general, the ELISA assays had precision similar to those of instrumental pesticide analyses.
INDUSTRIAL and ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTINDUSTRIAL and ENGINEERING CHEMISTRYHarrison E. HoweCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1938, 30, 8, 843–844Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50344a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50344a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Distributed reorder buffer schemes for low power (2004)

We consider two approaches for reducing the complexity and power dissipation in processors that use separate register file to maintain committed register values. The first approach relies on a distributed implementation of the reorder buffer (ROB) that spreads the centralized ROB structure across the function units (FUs), with each distributed component sized to match the FU workload and with one write port and two read ports on each component. The second approach combines the use of the previously proposed retention latches and a distributed ROB implementation that uses minimally-ported distributed components. Such a combination avoids any read and write port conflicts on the distributed ROB components (with the exception of possible port conflicts in the course of commitment) and does not incur the associated performance degradation. Our designs are evaluated using the simulation of the SPEC 2000 benchmarks and SPICE simulations of the actual ROB layouts in 0.18 micron process. The ROB power savings of up to 49% can be realized with only 1.7% performance loss on the average.
Human Uric Acid Transporter 1 (hURAT1): An Inhibitor Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) Study (2011)

The current study describes the chemical synthesis of a series of (2-ethylbenzofuran-3-yl)(substituted-phenyl)methanone compounds and their subsequent in vitro testing via oocytes expressing hURAT1. The experimental data support the notion that a potent hURAT1 inhibitor requires an anion (i.e., a formal negative charge) to interact with the positively charged hURAT1 binding pocket. An anion appears to be a primary requirement in order to be a hURAT1 substrate (i.e., urate) or inhibitor. We discuss the inhibitor structure-activity relationship and how electronically donating or withdrawing groups attached to the B-ring can decrease or increase inhibitory potency, respectively.