gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic GaAs W-band pseudomorphic MODFET amplifiers (2002)

A unique realization of a single-stage monolithic GaAs W-band amplifier based on InGaAs-AlGaAs pseudomorphic (PM) MODFET devices is reported. This work reflects a number of significant accomplishments: (1) superior control of MBE to grow the PM layers, (2) well-developed electron-beam 0.1 mu m mushroom-gate technology, (3) reliable physical and equivalent-circuit models of device behavior, (4) layouts that minimize parasitics, and (5) a dual-medium circuit approach consisting of coplanar waveguide (CPW) and microstrip on opposite faces of a 100 mu m-thick GaAs substrate. A peak gain of 4.5 dB at 92 GHz for one of the amplifiers was achieved. The measured gain is in good agreement with the model predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Piezoelectric and Acoustic Properties of Piezoelectric Flexible Composites (1987)

Piezoelectric and acoustic properties of piezoelectric flexible composites or Piezo-Rubbers which have been developed at NTK-NGK are reported. The frequency dependences and hydrostatic pressure dependences of underwater receiving sensitivities of hydrophone using the Piezo-Rubber are discussed in terms of the properties of Piezo-Rubber materials. Also single pulse acoustic transmitting/receiving responses of the Piezo-Rubber are compared with those of PZT ceramics, PVDF polymer and PZT/polymer 1-3 type composites.
A volume and frequency response control IC for audio (1980)

A dual channel DC controllable tone, volume, and balance control IC is described. A novel variable response filter, combined with a time constant control technique, makes it possible to integrate all functions into a 16-pin package. The chip, requiring very few external components, has an 80 dB gain controlling range and less than 0.2 percent total harmonic distortion.
Ray tracing method for propagation models in wirelesscommunication systems (2000)

A new triangular-grid ray tracing (TGRT) method is proposed. It is based on dividing the propagation region into triangles. The number of triangles is decided by the number of vertices of the structures, instead of their dimensions. For the 2D case, it can decreases the visible decision calculation to two edges for each triangle. It is shown that this method unifies the indoor and/or outdoor propagation problems and provides savings in computational time.
Classification of motor imagery by means of cortical current density estimation and Von Neumann entropy (2007)

The goal of the present study is to employ the source imaging methods such as cortical current density estimation for the classification of left- and right-hand motor imagery tasks, which may be used for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. The scalp recorded EEG was first preprocessed by surface Laplacian filtering, time-frequency filtering, noise normalization and independent component analysis. Then the cortical imaging technique was used to solve the EEG inverse problem. Cortical current density distributions of left and right trials were classified from each other by exploiting the concept of Von Neumann entropy. The proposed method was tested on three human subjects (180 trials each) and a maximum accuracy of 91.5% and an average accuracy of 88% were obtained. The present results confirm the hypothesis that source analysis methods may improve accuracy for classification of motor imagery tasks. The present promising results using source analysis for classification of motor imagery enhances our ability of performing source analysis from single trial EEG data recorded on the scalp, and may have applications to improved BCI systems.
Generating Visual Arguments: a Media-independent Approach (1998)

... In this paper, we take the position that certain types of arguments that can be presented visually in information graphics (e.g., bar charts and scatter plots) can be generated from an underlying media-independent representation of a presentation. In support of this claim, first we briefly describe the architecture we are developing for the generation of integrated text and information graphics presentations. In this architecture, mediaindependent communicative acts are transformed into user task specifications which are the basis for the automatic design of the presentation&apos;s graphics. Then we present an example showing correspondences between the media-independent representation of an argument and the tasks that would be used to design a graphic expressing the argument.
A Special Orogenic‐type Rare Earth Element Deposit in Maoniuping, Sichuan, China: Geology and Geochemistry (2001)

Abstract: The Maoniuping REE deposit is the second largest light rare earth elements deposit in China, explored recently in the northern Jinpingshan Mountains, a Cenozoic intracontinental orogenic belt in southwestern China. It is a vein‐type deposit hosted within, and genetically related to, carbonatite‐alkalic complex. Field investigation and new geochemical data of the carbonatites from the carbonatite‐alkalic complex support an igneous origin for the Maoniuping carbonatites and related REE mineralization. Carbonatite itself carries rare earth elements which were enriched by hydrothermal solution. It is known that most of the REE deposits related to carbonatite‐alkalic complexes were formed in relatively stable tectonic setting such as cratonic or rifting environment. The Maoniuping deposit, however, was formed during the processes of Cenozoic orogeny. Although the Maoniuping deposit is located in the north sector of the Panxi paleo‐rift zone, the rift had been closed before early Cenozoic and evolved into an intracontinental orogenic belt, i.e., the Jinpingshan Orogen, which was formed since later Mesozoic to early Cenozoic. Geochronological and geochemical data also prove that the Maoniuping REE deposit was formed in an intracontinental orogenic belt instead of rift system or stationary block. The Maoniuping REE deposit is similar to the Mountain Pass REE deposit in many respects such as the high contents of bastnaesite and barite, the low content of niobium, and the common occurrence of sulfides. The discovery of the Maoniuping deposit and other REE deposits during the past two decades suggest a good potential for prospecting REE deposits along the alkalic complex belt located on the eastern side of the Qinghai–Xizang–West Sichuan Plateau.
Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient Particle Accelerators (1956)

It is possible, by using alternating-gradient focusing, to design circular accelerators with magnetic guide fields which are constant in time, and which can accommodate stable orbits at all energies from injection to output energy. Such accelerators are in some respects simpler to construct and operate, and moreover, they show promise of greater output currents than conventional synchrotrons and synchrocyclotrons. Two important types of magnetic field patterns are described, the radial-sector and spiral-sector patterns, the former being easier to understand and simpler to construct, the latter resulting in a much smaller accelerator for a given energy. A theory of orbits in fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerators has been worked out in linear approximation, which yields approximate general relationships between machine parameters, as well as more accurate formulas which can be used for design purposes. There are promising applications of these principles to the design of fixed-field synchrotrons, betatrons, and high-energy cyclotrons.
Performance of the improved PIC receiver for DS-CDMA over Rayleigh fading channels (2002)

The optimum performance of the improved parallel interference cancellation (PIC) receiver is shown for a DS-CDMA system over Rayleigh fading channels. The improved PIC receiver proposed by Divsalar et al. (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.46, no.2, p.258-68, 1998) significantly reduces the degrading effect on the desired user of interference by removing from each user a part of the interference produced by the remaining users accessing the channel the amount being proportional to their reliability. The MMSE estimator, a hyperbolic tangent function, is used as a tentative decision device of the improved PIC receiver for the optimum BER performance. The BER of the improved PIC receiver with the MMSE estimator as a tentative decision device is obtained by simulations and compared with those of the conventional PIC receiver and the improved PIC receiver with a signum function as a tentative decision device. The BER change with respect to the weight factors in the hyperbolic tangent functions is shown for the multi-stage improved PIC receiver. Also, the BER performance in near-far situations and with the channel estimation error is shown over Rayleigh fading channels. From the numerical results, it is shown that the improved PIC receiver with a hyperbolic tangent function achieves remarkable performance improvement over the conventional PIC receiver and the improved PIC receiver with a signum function. It is also shown that the BER of the improved PIC receiver with a hyperbolic tangent function is close to the single-user bound even in the near-far situation.
Targets of the transcriptional repressor oncoprotein Gfi-1 (2003)

Gfi-1 is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor originally recognized for its role in T cell differentiation and lymphomas. Recent experiments reveal that gene-targeted Gfi-1-deficient mice are neutropenic and that Gfi-1 mutations cause human neutropenia. In both cases, myeloid progenitor cells lose the ability to distinctly differentiate granulocytes from monocytes. The molecular mechanism of the hematopoietic abnormalities caused by Gfi-1 deficiency remains undetermined because of a lack of known Gfi-1 target genes. To identify Gfi-1 targets in vivo, we performed large-scale chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis on a set of 34 candidate genes in myeloblast (KG-1 and HL-60), monoblast (U937), and T lymphocyte cell lines (Jurkat), in concert with RT-PCR-based expression profiling. We identified 32 Gfi-1 binding sites in a functionally variable set of 16 genes, including complements of cell-cycle regulators, transcription factors, and granulocyte-specific markers. Cluster analysis of expression patterns and chromatin immunoprecipitation data reveals that Gfi-1 targets a subset of genes differentiating hematopoietic lineages and therefore plays a relatively superior role in the hierarchy of factors governing stem cell differentiation.
Interplay between predicted inner‐rod and gatekeeper in controlling substrate specificity of the type <scp>III</scp> secretion system (2013)

The type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) is a multi-protein complex central to the virulence of many Gram-negative pathogens. Currently, the mechanisms controlling the hierarchical addressing of needle subunits, translocators and effectors to the T3SA are still poorly understood. In Shigella, MxiC is known to sequester effectors within the cytoplasm prior to receiving the activation signal from the needle. However, molecules involved in linking the needle and MxiC are unknown. Here, we demonstrate a molecular interaction between MxiC and the predicted inner-rod component MxiI suggesting that this complex plugs the T3SA entry gate. Our results suggest that MxiI-MxiC complex dissociation facilitates the switch in secretion from translocators to effectors. We identified MxiC(F)(206)(S) variant, unable to interact with MxiI, which exhibits a constitutive secretion phenotype although it remains responsive to induction. Moreover, we identified the mxiI(Q67A) mutant that only secretes translocators, a phenotype that was suppressed by coexpression of the MxiC(F)(206)(S) variant. We demonstrated the interaction between MxiI and MxiC homologues in Yersinia and Salmonella. Lastly, we identified an interaction between MxiC and chaperone IpgC which contributes to understanding how translocators secretion is regulated. In summary, this study suggests the existence of a widely conserved T3S mechanism that regulates effectors secretion.
U1 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein and Splicing Inhibition by the Rous Sarcoma Virus Negative Regulator of Splicing Element (1999)

Retroviruses require both spliced and unspliced RNA for replication. Accumulation of unspliced Rous sarcoma virus RNA is facilitated in part by a negative cis element in the gag region, termed the negative regulator of splicing (NRS), which serves to repress splicing of viral RNA but can also block splicing of heterologous introns. The NRS binds components of the splicing machinery including SR proteins, U1 and U2, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) of the major splicing pathway, and U11 snRNP of the minor pathway, yet splicing does not normally occur from the NRS. A mutation that abolishes U11 binding (RG11) also abrogates NRS splicing inhibition, indicating that U11 is functionally important for NRS activity and suggesting that the NRS is recognized as a minor-class 5' splice site (5' ss). We show here, using specific NRS mutations to disrupt U11 binding and coexpression of U11 snRNA genes harboring compensatory mutations, that the NRS U11 site is functional when paired with a minor-class 3' ss from the human P120 gene. Surprisingly, the expectation that the same NRS mutants would be defective for splicing inhibition proved false; splicing inhibition was as good as, if not better than, that for the wild-type NRS. Comparison of these new mutations with RG11 indicated that the latter may disrupt binding of a factor(s) other than U11. Our data suggest that this factor is U1 snRNP and that a U1 binding site that overlaps the U11 site is also disrupted by RG11. Analysis of mutations which selectively disrupted U1 or U11 binding indicated that splicing inhibition by the NRS correlates most strongly with U1 snRNP. Additionally, we show that U1 binding is facilitated by SR proteins that bind to the 5' half of the NRS, confirming an earlier proposal that this region is involved in recruiting snRNPs to the NRS. These data indicate a functional role for U1 in NRS-mediated splicing inhibition.
GaN homoepitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1999)

GaN homoepitaxial layers were grown using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on the highly conductive GaN bulk crystals grown at high hydrostatic pressure. The epitaxial growth process was monitored by reflectivity of red laser light. The oscillations of its intensity served for the precise evaluation of the growth rate. The layers were then investigated using far-infrared reflectivity (FIR), x-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence. The FIR spectrum gave small free-electron concentration in the layers in contrast to the substrates which had about 2.5×1019 cm−3 of free electrons. In x-ray diffraction, the peaks of the substrate and of the layer were separated due to the difference between the lattice parameters of the bulk GaN substrate (expanded by free electrons and point defects) and the layer which had a low free electron concentration. Both peaks had rocking curves with half widths of about 20 arcsec. The photoluminescence spectrum contained narrow peaks of less than 1 meV with the excitonic lines well resolved. The spectrum was dominated by the donor-bound exciton peak. All acceptor-related peaks had small intensities that indicated a very low acceptor concentration in the layers.
Detection of viral surface antigens on HIV‐2ben infected human tumor cell lines by flow cytometry (1992)

The human monocytic cell line U-937 clone 2 and two T-cell lines CEM and MOLT-4 clone 8 were infected with HIV-2ben, a recent isolate of HIV-2. Infection and subsequent antigen expression on the cell surface was monitored by flow cytometry using a rabbit-anti-serum against tween-ether-treated HIV-2ben and a fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated IgG against rabbit-IgG. The sensitivity of the three cell lines to infection with HIV-2ben correlated with the percentages of CD4-expressing cells but not with the levels of CD4-expression on the cell. The appearance of viral surface antigens preceded the formation of syncytia and correlated closely with the infecting virus dose. After 1-2 weeks in culture, 20-85% of the cells of each line expressed viral surface antigens. The variation depended on the cell type and cell culture conditions. The MOLT-4 clone 8 and the U-937 clone 2 cells died around 10 or 20 days, respectively, after HIV-2ben infection. Only HIV-2ben infected CEM cells grew permanently. Flow cytometry was an appropriate method to monitor the expression of viral proteins on the cell surface of HIV-infected cell lines. Flow cytometry proved to be more sensitive than determination of RT activity in supernatants of HIV-infected cells and more precise than light microscopy examinations.
Increasing memory security through data scrambling and information entropy models (2014)

The memory of any digital system stores sensitive information that needs to be protected from any type of attacks. In the last decade, device specific attacks have been reported and analyzed, attacks that successfully extract private encryption keys from AES algorithms. In this work, a novel technique is proposed which targets the increase of security in memory systems through the use of data scrambling and information entropy models. In order to make the proposed solution viable, dissemination rules are employed and explained. Also, the method is evaluated from several points of view.
Phase Diagrams and Stability of Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskites Cs<sub>2</sub>BB′X<sub>6</sub>: B = Sb and Bi, B′ = Cu, Ag, and Au, and X = Cl, Br, and I (2017)

Lead-free pnictogen/noble metal halide double perovskites Cs2BiAgCl6, Cs2BiAgBr6, and Cs2SbAgCl6 are some of the most promising environmentally friendly alternatives to lead–halide perovskites. However, due to their relatively large band gaps (1.9–2.2 eV), they are not yet competitive candidates for use in photovoltaic devices. In this work, we perform a systematic study of the thermodynamic stability of the entire family of Cs2BB′X6 compounds (B = Bi and Sb, B′ = Cu, Ag, and Au, and X = Cl, Br, and I), and we explore the possibility of chemical mixing as a route to stabilize pnictogen/noble metal halide perovskites with low band gaps. Our calculations indicate that Cs2BiAg1–xCuxCl6 mixes should be amenable to synthesis and could reduce the band gap down to 1.6–1.9 eV.
Self-Sustained Phototrophic Microbial Fuel Cells Based on the Synergistic Cooperation between Photosynthetic Microorganisms and Heterotrophic Bacteria (2009)

A sediment-type self-sustained phototrophic microbial fuel cell (MFC) was developed to generate electricity through the synergistic interaction between photosynthetic microorganisms and heterotrophic bacteria. Under illumination, the MFC continuously produced electricity without the external input of exogenous organics or nutrients. The current increased in the dark and decreased with the light on, possibly because of the negative effect of the oxygen produced via photosynthesis. Continuous illumination inhibited the current production while the continuous dark period stimulated the current production. Extended darkness resulted in a decrease of current, probably because of the consumption of the organics accumulated during the light phase. Using color filters or increasing the thickness of the sediment resulted in a reduction of the oxygen-induced inhibition. Molecular taxonomic analysis revealed that photosynthetic microorganisms including cyanobacteria and microalgae predominated in the water phase, adjacent to the cathode and on the surface of the sediment. In contrast, the sediments were dominated by heterotrophic bacteria, becoming less diverse with increasing depth. In addition, results from the air-cathode phototrophic MFC confirmed the light-induced current production while the test with the two-chamber MFC (in the dark) indicated the presence of electricigenic bacteria in the sediment.
Ethics of conflict (1997)

We began with Tertullian's twin claims for simplicity and perfection. Simplicity did not last long in the apologetic battle against diverse opponents. Athens turned out to have a lot to do with Jerusalem, and the Christian message of credible ineptitude made demands on understanding. Antitheses in God and a divine trinity left the ‘simplices ne dixerim imprudentes et idiotae’ well behind. Prayer took place in conflict and the demands of the bible could not be reduced to uniformity. The simplicity of baptism did not produce transformed lives. Not even sin was straightforward: Tertullian the sinner disagreed with bishops on the fate of exuberant sinners. Those who rose above this confused world, as Valentinians did, finished with greater confusion and muddled fantasies. Even death did not solve all puzzles, for the resurrection of the flesh was contradictory and essential.
Application to locally optimum detection of a new noise model (2002)

The authors discuss the need to provide a realistic model of a generic noise probability density function (PDF), in order to optimize the signal detection in non-Gaussian environments. The target is to obtain a model depending on a few parameters (that are quick and easy to estimate), and is so general that it is able to describe many kinds of noise (e.g., symmetric or asymmetric, with variable sharpness). To this end, a new HOS-based model is introduced, which is derived from the generalized Gaussian function, and depends on three parameters: kurtosis, for representing variable sharpness, and left and right variances (whose combination provides the same information of skewness) for describing the deviation from symmetry. This model is applied to the design of a locally optimum detection (LOD) test. Promising experimental results are presented which are derived from the application of the test to detecting signals corrupted by real underwater acoustic noise.
Theory of TEM diode switching (2005)

Recently experimental work has been performed in diode switching in TEM-wave transmission lines with a measure of success but with a minimum of theoretical investigation. In this paper theory is presented which explains: the three basic modes of diode switching, one of which is heretofore unreported; the isolation and insertion loss bandwidths; the spacing for and isolation from multiple diode switching elements; the bandwidth of the biasing lead; and the peak and average incident power that a diode can switch. It is concluded that a switch can be made having a 100-to-1 bandwidth and giving isolation greater than 20 db with insertion loss less than 1 db from 40 Mc to 4 Gc.
PyEvolve: a toolkit for statistical modelling of molecular evolution (2004)

PyEvolve provides flexible functionality that can be used either for statistical modelling of molecular evolution, or the development of new methods in the field. The toolkit can be used interactively or by writing and executing scripts. The toolkit uses efficient processes for specifying the parameterisation of statistical models, and implements numerous optimisations that make highly parameter rich likelihood functions solvable within hours on multi-cpu hardware. PyEvolve can be readily adapted in response to changing computational demands and hardware configurations to maximise performance. PyEvolve is released under the GPL and can be downloaded from http://cbis.anu.edu.au/software.