gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards novel efficient and stable nuclear import signals: synthesis and properties of trimethylguanosine cap analogs modified within the 5′,5′-triphosphate bridge (2014)

A trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap is present at the 5' end of several small nuclear and nucleolar RNAs. Recently, it has been reported that the TMG cap is a potential nuclear import signal for nucleus-targeting therapeutic nucleic acids and proteins. The import is mediated by recognition of the TMG cap by the snRNA transporting protein, snurportin1. This work describes the synthesis and properties of a series of dinucleotide TMG cap (m3(2,2,7)GpppG) analogs modified in the 5',5'-triphosphate bridge as tools to study TMG cap-dependent biological processes. The bridge was altered at different positions by introducing either bridging (imidodiphosphate, O to NH and methylenebisphosphonate, O to CH2) or non-bridging (phosphorothioate, O to S and boranophosphate, O to BH3) modifications, or by elongation to tetraphosphate. The stability of novel analogs in blood serum was studied to reveal that the α,β-bridging O to NH substitution (m3(2,2,7)GppNHpG) confers the highest resistance. Short RNAs capped with analogs containing α,β-bridging (m3(2,2,7)GppNHpG) or β-non-bridging (m3(2,2,7)GppSpG D2) modifications were resistant to decapping pyrophosphatase, hNudt16. Preliminary studies on binding by human snurportin1 revealed that both O to NH and O to S substitutions support this binding. Due to favorable properties in all three assays, m3(2,2,7)GppNHpG was selected as a promising candidate for further studies on the efficiency of the TMG cap as a nuclear import signal.
Visualization and Visual Analysis of Ensemble Data: A Survey (2018)

Over the last decade, ensemble visualization has witnessed a significant development due to the wide availability of ensemble data, and the increasing visualization needs from a variety of disciplines. From the data analysis point of view, it can be observed that many ensemble visualization works focus on the same facet of ensemble data, use similar data aggregation or uncertainty modeling methods. However, the lack of reflections on those essential commonalities and a systematic overview of those works prevents visualization researchers from effectively identifying new or unsolved problems and planning for further developments. In this paper, we take a holistic perspective and provide a survey of ensemble visualization. Specifically, we study ensemble visualization works in the recent decade, and categorize them from two perspectives: (1) their proposed visualization techniques; and (2) their involved analytic tasks. For the first perspective, we focus on elaborating how conventional visualization techniques (e.g., surface, volume visualization techniques) have been adapted to ensemble data; for the second perspective, we emphasize how analytic tasks (e.g., comparison, clustering) have been performed differently for ensemble data. From the study of ensemble visualization literature, we have also identified several research trends, as well as some future research opportunities.
Identification of Amines as Tetraphenylborates (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of Amines as TetraphenylboratesF. E. CraneCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 11, 1794–1797Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60119a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60119a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perfusion of the femoral head during surgical dislocation of the hip (2002)

We used laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with a high energy (20 mW) laser to measure perfusion of the femoral head intraoperatively in 32 hips. The surgical procedure was joint debridement requiring dislocation or subluxation of the hip. The laser probe was placed within the anterosuperior quadrant of the femoral head. Blood flow was monitored in specific positions of the hip before and after dislocation or subluxation. With the femoral head reduced, external rotation, both in extension and flexion, caused a reduction of blood flow. During subluxation or dislocation, it was impaired when the posterosuperior femoral neck was allowed to rest on the posterior acetabular rim. A pulsatile signal returned when the hip was reduced, or was taken out of extreme positions when dislocated. After the final reduction, the signal amplitudes were first slightly lower (12%) compared with the initial value but tended to be restored to the initial levels within 30 minutes. Most of the changes in the signal can be explained by compromise of the extraosseous branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery and are reversible. Our study shows that LDF provides proof for the clinical observation that perfusion of the femoral head is maintained after dislocation if specific surgical precautions are followed.
Injection locking LC dividers for low power quadrature generation (2004)

The trade off between phase noise and quadrature accuracy, typical of coupled voltage controlled oscillators, is broken if injection locking dividers are used for I and Q generation. Based on the general behavioral modeling of regenerative frequency dividers, this paper derives analytical expressions for locking band and phase deviation from quadrature. An injection locking quadrature generator, embedded in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS direct conversion receiver, shows 24% frequency locking range while drawing 4 mA. The phase deviation from quadrature measured on down-converted signals is 0.8/spl deg/.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of 2‐Imino‐1,3‐selenazolidin‐4‐one Derivatives by Reaction of N,N′‐Disubstituted Selenoureas with α‐Haloacyl Halides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Subgingival Metronidazole in Acrylic Resin Vs. Chlorhexidine Irrigation in the Control of Chronic Periodontitis (1983)

After initial scaling, root planing and cleaning of subcontact areas, chronic periodontitis patients received oral hygiene instruction consisting of Bass toothbrushing using a sodium fluoride toothpaste, but without stress on interdental cleaning. They were then assigned to two groups, one of which self-administered 0.2% chlorhexidine solution subgingivally, once daily for 4 weeks, while the other was subjected to subgingival application of acrylic resin strips containing 40% metronidazole once weekly for 4 weeks. Plaque Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, probeable pocket depth and gingival shrinkage were assessed for this treatment period and for a further 8 weeks. Highly significant improvements compared with baseline values were achieved and maintained to the end of the study. There were no significant differences between the groups at any time, except for Sulcus Bleeding Index which at Days 56 and 84 showed metronidazole to be superior. It was concluded that the regimens selected were equally effective in improving periodontal health over a 3-month period.
PP.06.28 (2015)

Objective: The different effects of nitroglycerin on the arterial stiffness of the aorta and the arteries of lower extremity in arteriosclerotic patients were clarified.Design and method: Arterial stiffness was measured as Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI). The subjects were healthy people (CAVI < 7.5, n = 25) and arteriosclerotic patients (CAVI > 9, n = 25). Modified stiffness parameter β measurement of the aorta (heart –femoral β) and of the arteries of lower extremity (femoral-ankle β) were obtained according to the equation of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index [(haPWV)2 (2/Psys-Pdia)] ln(Psys/Pdia)]. Nitroglycerin 0.3 mg was orally administered. The arterial stiffness was measured every one minute for 20 minutes. Results: After administration of nitroglycerin in healthy people, CAVI decreased at 5 min (6.73–5.45) significantly, and recovered after 15 min. faβ(10.6 - 9.08) and hfβ (5.22–4.22) also significantly decreased. In arteriosclerotic patients, CAVI decreased at 5 min (10.72–9.83) and recovered after 15 min. faβ also decreased (15.32–11.14) significantly, but hfβ did not significantly change (10.04–9.61). The decreasing rate of CAVI was mostly in the arteries of lower extremity of arteriosclerotic patients, and was little in the aorta of arteriosclerotic patients. Conclusions: These results indicated that nitroglycerin decreased the arterial stiffness at different rates for different portion of arterial tree, and suggested that nitroglycerin might decrease the arterial stiffness much more of muscle artery than of elastic artery in arteriosclerotic patients.
Novel Assay for Determination of Androgen Bioactivity in Human Serum1 (2001)

We have developed a mammalian cell (COS-1) bioassay, which can measure androgen bioactivity directly from a small amount (10 microL) of human serum. The recombinant assay is based on androgen-dependent interaction between the ligand-binding domain and the N-terminal region of the androgen receptor (AR), which were fused to Gal4 DNA-binding domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and transcriptional activation domain of herpes simplex VP16 protein, respectively. The interaction is amplified by coexpression of AR-interacting protein 3 in the cells. The reporter plasmid contains 5 Gal4-binding sites upstream of the luciferase gene; luciferase activity in cell lysates is derived from androgen bioactivity in human serum. Saturating concentration of testosterone in FCS induced more than 700-fold induction in relative luciferase activity. The sensitivity was less than 1.0 nmol/L testosterone in FCS. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 8.3% and 21%, respectively. Interaction between the AR termini was blocked by nonsteroidal antiandrogens, and the assay exhibited minimal cross-reactivity with 17 beta-estradiol. Serum androgen bioactivity was studied in 23 boys (13.9--16.8 yr old) with constitutional delay of puberty and in 9 prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism (1.0--6.4 yr old). Androgen bioactivity was detectable in 15 boys with constitutional delay of puberty and in all boys with cryptorchidism during treatment with human CG (range, 1.0-14.5 nmol/L testosterone equivalents). Serum androgen bioactivity measured by the bioassay correlated strongly with serum testosterone concentration (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001, n = 22) but not to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, or androstenedione levels. We conclude that our novel bioassay enables quantitation of mammalian cell response to bioactive androgens in human serum, even in pediatric patients with relatively low androgen levels.
Die Primärkomplexbildung in löslichen Ziegler‐Katalysatorsystemen. Kinetische und thermodynamische Daten durch dynamische <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR‐Spektroskopie (1981)

Abstract In dem löslichen Ziegler‐Katalysator‐System Cp 2 TiEtCl/AlEtCl 2 stellt sich zwischen den Komponenten in erster und schnellster Reaktion das Primärkomplexgleichgewicht ein. Die kinetischen und thermodynamischen Daten dieses Primärkomplexgleichgewichts konnten durch dynamische 13 C‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen mit quantitativer Linienformanalyse erstmalig eruiert werden. So erfolgt z. B. die Primärkomplexbildung in einer diffusionskontrollierten Reaktion, deren Geschwindigkeitskonstante (bei 280 K) zu k = 10 10 bis 10 11 (1/mol · s) eingegrenzt werden konnte. Die Gleichgewichtskonstante des Primärkomplexes ergab sich zu K 1 = 5 · 10 3 bis 5 · 10 4 (1/mol) bei 240 K. Die Al‐Isotherme bewies hier ferner die exakte Al : Ti = 1:1 Stöchiometrie. Es lieght nahe, daß der Primärkomplex ein Donor‐Akzeptoraddukt ist, in dem ein freies Elektronenpaar des Titanchloroliganden gegenüber dem Al‐Alkyl‐Monomeren als Lewis‐Base fungiert.
KeyLED - transmitting sensitive data over out-of-band channels in wireless sensor networks (2008)

An ldquoout-of-bandrdquo (OoB) channel can be defined as an extra channel, different from the main wireless channel, that has additional security properties. They are specially suitable for protecting spontaneous interactions and exchanging sensitive data between previously unknown devices. Due to the vulnerable nature of wireless sensor networks (WSN), these kind of channels might be useful for protecting certain sensor network operations. In this paper we analyze the applicability of ldquoout-of-bandrdquo channels to wireless sensor networks, and specify why an optical channel should be a good candidate for implementing an extra channel in sensor nodes. Also, we analyze how the existing security threats may affect this type of channel. Finally, the suitability and usability of optical channels for sensor networks is demonstrated by means of a prototype.
Can Groups Learn? (2002)

This is a study of assessment of the work of creative problem-solving groups in sixth-grade social studies. We test the proposition that providing students with specific guidelines as to what makes an exemplary group product (evaluation criteria) will improve the character of the discussion as well as the quality of the group product. To assess the group's potential for successful instruction, we examine the character of the group conversation as well as the quality of the group product. We present a statistical model of the process of instruction that connects the use of evaluation criteria, group discussion, creation of the group product, and average performance on the final written assessment.
Review of Damage Tolerance for Composite Sandwich Airframe Structures (1999)

Abstract : The use of composite sandwich construction is rapidly increasing in current and future airframe designs especially for general aviation aircraft and rotorcraft. Typically, sandwich constructions for these applications use thin-gage composite facesheets (0.020 to 0.045) which are cocured to honeycomb and foam cores. Due to the nature of these structures, damage tolerance is more complex than conventional laminated structures. Besides typical damage concerns such as through penetration and delamination, additional modes including core crushing and facesheet debonding must also be addressed. This complicates the certification process by introducing undefined Allowable Damage Limits (ADL) and Critical Damage Thresholds (CDT) as related to the ultimate and limit load carrying capability of the structure. This document provides a background review of previous damage tolerance investigations including an overview of traditional metallic damage tolerance methodologies. illustrative summaries are presented which show the scope of previous investigation parameters such as impact energy, facesheet thickness, and core thickness of typical sandwich constructions. Also included is a compilation of damage tolerance certification procedures and regulations taken from FAR Part 23-29 for composite damage tolerance as well as recommendations from associated Advisory Circulars. Past and current airframe industry sandwich constructions which show the scope of current and future sandwich designs were also surveyed. In conclusion, a proposed future research approach and its methodology are presented which should aid in establishing certification guidelines and confidence involving the damage tolerance of sandwich constructions as they apply to general aviation aircraft and rotorcraft.
Distributed Data Service for Data Management in Internet of Things Middleware (2017)

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) is closely related to a considerable increase in the number and variety of devices connected to the Internet. Sensors have become a regular component of our environment, as well as smart phones and other devices that continuously collect data about our lives even without our intervention. With such connected devices, a broad range of applications has been developed and deployed, including those dealing with massive volumes of data. In this paper, we introduce a Distributed Data Service (DDS) to collect and process data for IoT environments. One central goal of this DDS is to enable multiple and distinct IoT middleware systems to share common data services from a loosely-coupled provider. In this context, we propose a new specification of functionalities for a DDS and the conception of the corresponding techniques for collecting, filtering and storing data conveniently and efficiently in this environment. Another contribution is a data aggregation component that is proposed to support efficient real-time data querying. To validate its data collecting and querying functionalities and performance, the proposed DDS is evaluated in two case studies regarding a simulated smart home system, the first case devoted to evaluating data collection and aggregation when the DDS is interacting with the UIoT middleware, and the second aimed at comparing the DDS data collection with this same functionality implemented within the Kaa middleware.
Somatic embryogenesis: life and death processes during apical–basal patterning (2014)

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process of differentiation of cells into a plant bypassing the fusion of gametes. As such, it represents a very powerful tool in biotechnology for propagation of species with a long reproductive cycle or low seed set and production of genetically modified plants with improved traits. SE is also a versatile model to study cellular and molecular mechanisms of plant embryo patterning. The morphology and molecular regulation of SE resemble those of zygotic embryogenesis and begin with establishment of apical-basal asymmetry. The apical domain, the embryo proper, proliferates and eventually gives rise to the plantlet, while the basal part, the embryo suspensor, is terminally differentiated and gradually removed via vacuolar programmed cell death (PCD). This PCD is essential for normal development of the apical domain. Emerging evidence demonstrates that signalling events in the apical and basal domains share homologous components. Here we provide an overview of the main pathways controlling the life and death events during SE.
Mathematical Models and Monte Carlo Algorithms for Physically Based Rendering (1995)

Algorithms for image synthesis render photo-realistic imagery, given the description of a scene. Physically based rendering specifically stresses the physical correctness of the algorithms and their results. The algorithms perform an accurate simulation of the behaviour of light, in order to faithfully render global illumination effects such as soft shadows, glossy reflections and indirect illumination. In this dissertation we investigate image-based Monte Carlo rendering algorithms. We pay special attention to their correctness, their versatility and their efficiency. First of all, we discuss theoretical frameworks that describe the global illumination problem. These formal mathematical models are the first step to ensure the correctness of the eventual results. Moreover, they allow to apply standard numerical techniques to compute a solution. We give an overview of existing models, which are based on the rendering equation and the potential equation. We then introduce a model based ...
Synthesis from thebaine of 10-oxothebaine, potentially a precursor for κ-selective opiates (1994)

Thebaine 3 has been converted in an improved yield (72%), with tetranitromethane, oxygen and ammonia, into the 14β-nitro 8α, 10α-epidioxide 4, which reacted with base to give the known 14β-nitro-10-oxo compound 7. Reduction of this nitro compound with tributyltin hydride gave the 8β-hydroxy-10-oxodihydrothebaine 8, which was dehydrated with phosphorus oxychloride to give 10-oxothebaine 9. As expected, this conjugated diene reacted with but-3-en-2-one to form a Diels–Alder cycloadduct 10, the 10-oxo derivative of thevinone 11, the precursor of a well known series of opiate analgesics. Unexpectedly, the epidioxide 4 was found to isomerise cleanly on activated alumina to give the 8α, 10α-epoxy acetal 5, in which a peroxide oxygen has been inserted into the 7,8-bond of the bridged peroxide 4.
Embedded Virtual Machines for Robust Wireless Control Systems (2009)

Embedded wireless networks have largely focused on open loop sensing and monitoring. To address actuation in closed loop wireless control systems there is a strong need to re-think the communication architectures and protocols for reliability, coordination and control. As the links, nodes and topology of wireless systems are inherently unreliable, such time-critical and safety-critical applications require programming abstractions where the tasks are assigned to the sensors, actuators and controllers as a single component rather than statically mapping a set of tasks to a specific physical node at design time. To this end, we introduce the embedded virtual machine (EVM), a powerful and flexible programming abstraction where virtual components and their properties are maintained across node boundaries. In the context of process and discrete control, an EVM is the distributed runtime system that dynamically selects primary-backup sets of controllers to guarantee QoS given spatial and temporal constraints of the underlying wireless network. The EVM architecture defines explicit mechanisms for control, data and fault communication within the virtual component. EVM-based algorithms introduce new capabilities such as predictable outcomes and provably minimal graceful degradation during sensor/actuator failure, adaptation to mode changes and runtime optimization of resource consumption. Through the design of a natural gas process plant hardware-in-loop simulation we aim to demonstrate the preliminary capabilities of EVM-based wireless networks.