gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic amidines. Part XXIV. Cyclisation of N-allyl-N′-arylacetamidines to imidazolines, dihydroquinazolines, and dihydrobenzodiazepines (1973)

N-Allyl-N′-arylacetamidines have been cyclised, as their hydrochlorides, to 1-aryl-2,5-dimethyl-Δ2-imidazolines and, in polyphosphoric acid, to 3,4-dihydro-4-ethyl-2-methylquinazolines together with, in certain cases, 4,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepines.
Electro Foot-Reflexology Stimulator (2007)

Foot reflexology is the practice of stimulating points on the feet to improve health. An electrical foot reflexology stimulator has been developed on the basics of foot reflexology massage and electroacupuncture. The device consists of a battery and a boost converter, the control-electronic and n electrodes. It is developed for the application of a changing current flow through the human body within the range of the foot reflex zones. Because of various control possibilities the proposed device is very flexible. A software controls the user parameters and offers an independent current control mode. This is very important for the user's safety. The possibility to change frequency, current or waveform in a wide range is a good argument for medically skilled and technically unskilled persons to use this device. This helps to establish new alternative medicine methods which have no or less interaction to other medicines.
Energy Separation in Vortex Tubes with a Divergent Chamber (1981)

The vortex tube is a simple device for separating a compressed gaseous fluid stream into two flows of high and low temperature. In order to produce a high temperature separation effect, the use of a sufficiently long tube with a smooth inner surface has been standard procedure up until now. However, since such a device requires a large installation space, an attempt was made to shorten the length of the vortex chamber without any fall in the temperature separation effect by using some divergent tubes as the vortex chamber. Experimental data obtained in these vortex chambers were compared with those in the commonly used straight vortex chambers. Observation indicates that a divergent tube with a small angle of divergence is effective in obtaining a higher temperature separation and makes possible a shortening of the chamber length.
Tag-based filtering for personalized bookmark recommendations (2008)

This paper investigates using social tags for the purpose of making personalized content recommendations. Our tag-based recommender creates a personalized bookmark recommendation model for each user based on current and general interest tags, defined by different time intervals.
Production of a full length Tat protein in <i>E. coli</i> and its purification (1991)

A full length tat gene was constructed by a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the first exon and chemical synthesis for the second exon. This gene was expressed in E. coli under the control of the strongly regulated araB promoter, either directly or fused to a secretion signal encoding sequence. We then defined a rapid, three-step procedure for the purification of the Tat protein.
Amplification of the antitumor activity of phleomycins in rats and mice by heterocyclic analogues of purines. (1984)

Significant and often substantial enhancement of the antitumor properties of several individual phleomycins , by co- administration via intraperitoneal injection of a number of purine analogues, is demonstrated in rats and mice having three diverse tumors. It is evident that the dose levels of both the phleomycin and the amplifier are very significant and that optimal levels vary widely with the actual agents used. Constant serum levels of amplifier can be maintained for several days by administration via silastic-pellet implantation rather than injection, and this route of administration is an effective alternative for amplifiers of low solubility.
Gene Expression Analysis Exposes Mitochondrial Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome (2006)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, which encodes a methyl-CpG binding transcriptional repressor. Using the Mecp2-null mouse (an animal model for RTT) and differential display, we found that mice with neurological symptoms overexpress the nuclear gene for ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (Uqcrc1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that MeCP2 interacts with the Uqcrc1 promoter. Uqcrc1 encodes a subunit of mitochondrial respiratory complex III, and isolated mitochondria from the Mecp2-null brain showed elevated respiration rates associated with respiratory complex III and an overall reduction in coupling. A causal link between Uqcrc1 gene overexpression and enhanced complex III activity was established in neuroblastoma cells. Our findings raise the possibility that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to pathology of the Mecp2-null mouse and may contribute to the long-known resemblance between Rett syndrome and certain mitochondrial disorders.
Teaching multiple audiences from a distance (2003)

Technical communicators commonly distinguish between the audience of academic writing-where students write to an audience of one (the teacher)-and the more complex and multilayered communication that goes on between technical writers and their multiple audiences in professional organizations. Distance education (through the use of multiple technologies such as e-mail, discussion lists, electronic bulletin boards, Internet chat rooms, etc.) can expand students' opportunities to interact with multiple readers-specialized discussion groups, external experts, professional communicators and business professionals, in addition to a diverse range of class participants. Furthermore, distance learning enables students to participate in the class while in the context of their homes or workplaces, allowing them to transcend the classroom context and bringing them into unmediated contact with primary audiences for their writing as well as external audiences.
Transdermal Testosterone Gel Improves Sexual Function, Mood, Muscle Strength, and Body Composition Parameters in Hypogonadal Men1 (2000)

Testosterone (T) therapy for hypogonadal men should correct the clinical abnormalities of T deficiency, including improvement of sexual function, increase in muscle mass and strength, and decrease in fat mass, with minimal adverse effects. We have shown that administration of a new transdermal T gel formulation to hypogonadal men provided dose proportional increases in serum T levels to the normal adult male range. We now report the effects of 180 days of treatment with this 1% T gel preparation (50 or 100 mg/day, contained in 5 or 10 g gel, respectively) compared to those of a permeation-enhanced T patch (5 mg/day) on defined efficacy parameters in 227 hypogonadal men. In the T gel groups, the T dose was adjusted up or down to 75 mg/day (contained in 7.5 g gel) on day 90 if serum T concentrations were below or above the normal male range. No dose adjustment was made with the T patch group. Sexual function and mood changes were monitored by questionnaire, body composition was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and muscle strength was measured by the one repetitive maximum technique on bench and leg press exercises. Sexual function and mood improved maximally on day 30 of treatment, without differences across groups, and showed no further improvement with continuation of treatment. Mean muscle strength in the leg press exercise increased by 11 to 13 kg in all treatment groups by 90 days and did not improve further at 180 days of treatment. Moderate increases were also observed in arm/chest muscle strength. At 90 days of treatment, lean body mass increased more in the 100 mg/day T gel group (2.74 +/- 0.28 kg; P = 0.0002) than in the 50 mg/day T gel (1.28 +/- 0.32 kg) and T patch groups (1.20 +/- 0.26 kg). Fat mass and percent fat were not significantly decreased in the T patch group, but showed decreases in the T gel groups (50 mg/day, -0.90 +/- 0.32 kg; 100 mg/day, - 1.05 +/- 0.22 kg). The increase in lean mass and the decrease in fat mass were correlated with the changes in average serum T levels attained after transdermal T replacement. These beneficial effects of T replacement were accompanied by the anticipated increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin but without significant changes in the lipid profile. The increase in mean serum prostate-specific antigen levels (within the normal range) was correlated with serum levels of T. The greatest increases were noted in the 100 mg/day T gel group. Skin irritation was reported in 5.5% of subjects treated with T gel and in 66% of subjects in the permeation-enhanced T patch group. We conclude that T gel replacement improved sexual function and mood, increased lean mass and muscle strength (principally in the legs), and decreased fat mass in hypogonadal men with less skin irritation and discontinuation compared with the recommended dose of the permeation-enhanced T patch.
Optothermoplasmonic Patterning: Optothermoplasmonic Nanolithography for On‐Demand Patterning of 2D Materials (Adv. Funct. Mater. 41/2018) (2018)

In article number 1803990, Deji Akinwande, Yuebing Zheng, and co-workers develop a simple and low-power optical technique – optothermoplasmonic nanolithography – for the versatile optical patterning of a variety of two-dimensional (2D) atomically thin materials. The patterning arises from the thermal oxidation and sublimation of 2D materials at the laser-directed localized thermoplasmonic hotspots. Optothermoplasmonic nanolithography opens a new avenue for on-demand optical fabrication of 2D-based electronic and photonic devices.
<i>n</i>-6 Fatty acid-specific and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2010)

Randomised controlled trials (RCT) of mixed n-6 and n-3 PUFA diets, and meta-analyses of their CHD outcomes, have been considered decisive evidence in specifically advising consumption of 'at least 5-10 % of energy as n-6 PUFA'. Here we (1) performed an extensive literature search and extracted detailed dietary and outcome data enabling a critical examination of all RCT that increased PUFA and reported relevant CHD outcomes; (2) determined if dietary interventions increased n-6 PUFA with specificity, or increased both n-3 and n-6 PUFA (i.e. mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA diets); (3) compared mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA to n-6 specific PUFA diets on relevant CHD outcomes in meta-analyses; (4) evaluated the potential confounding role of trans-fatty acids (TFA). n-3 PUFA intakes were increased substantially in four of eight datasets, and the n-6 PUFA linoleic acid was raised with specificity in four datasets. n-3 and n-6 PUFA replaced a combination of TFA and SFA in all eight datasets. For non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI)+CHD death, the pooled risk reduction for mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA diets was 22 % (risk ratio (RR) 0.78; 95 % CI 0.65, 0.93) compared to an increased risk of 13 % for n-6 specific PUFA diets (RR 1.13; 95 % CI 0.84, 1.53). Risk of non-fatal MI+CHD death was significantly higher in n-6 specific PUFA diets compared to mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA diets (P = 0.02). RCT that substituted n-6 PUFA for TFA and SFA without simultaneously increasing n-3 PUFA produced an increase in risk of death that approached statistical significance (RR 1.16; 95 % CI 0.95, 1.42). Advice to specifically increase n-6 PUFA intake, based on mixed n-3/n-6 RCT data, is unlikely to provide the intended benefits, and may actually increase the risks of CHD and death.
Asymmetric aerodynamic forces on aircraft at high angles of attack - some design guides (1976)

Aerodynamic side forces on forebodies are considered that are produced by two types of flow: asymmetric vortices on bodies of revolution and nonuniform flow separation on square bodies with rounded corners under spinning conditions. Steady side forces that can be as large as the normal force are produced by asymmetric vortices on pointed forebodies. This side force has a large variation with Reynolds number, decreases rapidly with Mach number, and can be nearly eliminated with small nose bluntness or strakes. The angle of attack where the side force first occurs depends primarily on body geometry. The theoretical techniques to predict these side forces are necessarily semi-empirical because the basic phenomenon is not well understood. The side forces produced by nonuniform flow separation under spinning conditions depend extensively on spin rate, angle of attack, and Reynolds number. The application of simple crossflow theory to predict this side force is inadequate much below angles of attack of 90 deg.
Perfluorotributylamine: A novel long-lived greenhouse gas (2013)

[1] Perfluorinated compounds impact the Earth's radiative balance. Perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) belongs to the perfluoroalkyl amine class of compounds; these have not yet been investigated as long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs). Atmospheric measurements of PFTBA made in Toronto, ON, detected a mixing ratio of 0.18 parts per trillion by volume. An instantaneous radiative efficiency of 0.86 W m−2 ppb−1 was calculated from its IR absorption spectra, and a lower limit of 500 years was estimated for its atmospheric lifetime. PFTBA has the highest radiative efficiency of any compound detected in the atmosphere. If the concentration in Toronto is representative of the change in global background concentration since the preindustrial period, then the radiative forcing of PFTBA is 1.5 × 10−4 W m−2. We calculate the global warming potential of PFTBA over a 100 year time horizon to be 7100. Detection of PFTBA demonstrates that perfluoroalkyl amines are a class of LLGHGs worthy of future study.
Hierarchical Bases for Nonhierarchic 3-D Triangular Meshes (2008)

We describe a novel basis of hierarchical, multiscale functions that are linear combinations of standard Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions. When the basis is used for discretizing the electric field integral equation (EFIE) for PEC objects it gives rise to a linear system immune from low-frequency breakdown, and well conditioned for dense meshes. The proposed scheme can be applied to any mesh with triangular facets, and therefore it can be used as if it were an algebraic preconditioner. The properties of the new system are confirmed by numerical results that show fast convergence rates of iterative solvers, significantly better than those for the loop-tree basis. As a byproduct of the basis generation, a generalization of the RWG functions to nonsimplex cells is introduced.
1039. Mechanistic Insights into the Persistence of Non-Viral Mediated Gene Transfer In Vivo (2004)

Non-viral vectors offer great potential for clinical application in gene therapy trials. These vectors have several advantages over the viral-based gene therapy approaches, including non-toxicity and ease of production. However, the ability to achieve reproducible, persistent, and therapeutic levels of gene expression in vivo by non-viral gene transfer approaches has been problematic because of the relatively transient nature of transgene expression in vivo. This may limit the use of these vectors in the clinic. Understanding the mechanisms required for persistent gene expression will be helpful for vector design and eventual clinical implementation. We have suggested that covalent linkage of bacterial DNA to the expression cassette plays a critical role in transcriptional silencing of the transgenes in vivo. To gain an insight into the role of the covalent linkage of plasmid DNA to the expression cassette and transcriptional repression, and whether this silencing effect could be alleviated by altering the molecular structure of vector DNAs in vivo, we generated a scheme for converting routine plasmids into a purified expression cassette, free of bacterial DNA after gene transfer in vivo. To do this, we co-injected the I-SCeI cDNA together with a plasmid reporter containing either the human alpha-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) or the human clotting factor IX (hFIX) expression cassette flanked by two I-SCeI sites. Two weeks after DNA administration, mice injected with the reporter gene alone or with the irrelevant control plasmid showed very low serum levels of hAAT and hFIX, which remained low throughout the length of the experiment. However, animals that expressed I-SCeI had a 5-10 fold increase in serum hAAT and hFIX that persisted for at least 8 months (length of study). In addition, expression of I-SCeI resulted in cleavage and excision of the expression cassettes from plasmid backbone, forming mostly circles devoid of bacterial DNA sequences, as established by a battery of different Southern blot and PCR analyses (in vivo and in vitro) in both C57Bl6 and scid mice. In contrast, only the input parental circular plasmid DNA band was detected in mice injected either with the reporter gene alone or an I-SCeI plasmid with the hAAT reporter plasmid lacking the I-SCeI sites. This study presents further independent evidence that removing the covalent linkage between plasmid and transgene sequences leads to a marked increase and persistence of transgene expression. Thus, unraveling the mechanisms by which the covalent linkage of bacterial DNA to the expression cassette is connected to gene silencing is fundamental to establish the mechanism of transcriptional regulation in mammalian systems and will be important for the development of versatile non-viral vectors that can be used to achieve persistent gene expression in different cell types.
Changes in lamina structure are followed by spatial reorganization of heterochromatic regions in caspase-8-activated human mesenchymal stem cells (2006)

Apoptosis is fundamental to the regulation of homeostasis of stem cells in vivo. Whereas the pathways underlying the molecular and biochemical details of nuclear breakdown that accompanies apoptosis have been elucidated, the precise nature of nuclear reorganization that precedes the demolition phase is not fully understood. Here, we expressed an inducible caspase-8 in human mesenchymal stem cells, and quantitatively followed the early changes in nuclear organization during apoptosis. We found that caspase-8 induces alteration of the nuclear lamina and a subsequent spatial reorganization of both centromeres, which are shifted towards a peripheral localization, and telomeres, which form aggregates. This nuclear reorganization correlates with caspase-3 sensitivity of lamina proteins, because the expression of lamin mutant constructs with caspase-3 hypersensitivity resulted in a caspase-8-independent appearance of lamina intranuclear structures and telomere aggregates, whereas application of a caspase inhibitor restrains these changes in nuclear reorganization. Notably, upon activation of apoptosis, we observed no initial changes in the spatial organization of the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). We suggest that during activation of the caspase-8 pathway changes in the lamina structure precede changes in heterochromatin spatial organization, and the subsequent breakdown of lamina and PML-NB.
Acid-catalyzed Condensations. II.<sup>1</sup> The Condensation of Benzaldehyde with Substituted Acetophenones (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-catalyzed Condensations. II.1 The Condensation of Benzaldehyde with Substituted AcetophenonesRobert E. Lyle and Leo P. ParadisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 24, 6667–6668Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01629a094RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views406Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (278 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of TER-SYSTEM resist for 193-nm imaging (1997)

Exposures leading to 0.18 micrometer or better resolution are now being demanded by IC development. Photolithography using 193 nm exposure tools is the leading technology for the development of these next generation of devices. We are reporting on our development efforts on the TER resist system, which is a single layer resist designed for image evaluation applications at 193 nm exposure wavelengths. The TER-system has been developed to allow equipment manufacturers to evaluate their equipment, to provide R&D lithographers with materials to qualify their 193 nm equipment and to determine process control parameters. The TER-system is a chemically amplified methacrylate resist terpolymer. It is composed of methyl methacrylate (MMA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and an acid labile acrylic ester. We have evaluated different leaving groups as the acid labile component and we report on the initial results of several. We also examined different onium salts as the PAG component. One such example is di(t- butylphenyl)-iodonium p-toluenesulfonate and we report on other examples which were used. We evaluated the thermal stability of the resins and thermal analysis showed they start to decompose at about 125 degrees Celsius when tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate is used. Other more thermally stable systems were also evaluated. Post apply bake (PAB) temperatures of 100 - 125 degrees Celsius were preferably used with the tetrahydropyranyl ester. Other more thermally stable esters, such as tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-yl methacrylate (mevalonic lactone), ethoxy-ethyl methacrylate and 3-oxo-cyclohexyl methacrylate, also are described. Exposures in the range of 5 - 50 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> were typical and varied depending on the ester, the PAG, and other processing parameters. The acid catalyzed reaction rates after exposure were observed to be rapid. In all cases, post exposure bake (PEB) was typically carried out at 10 degrees Celsius or lower. Initial exposure evaluations at 193 nm and 248 nm show good resolution and image fidelity. The TER-system produced better than 0.225 micrometer resolution using 248 nm exposure equipment (NA equals 0.55) suggesting that better than 0.18 micrometer resolution is possible with 193 nm exposures. Results of resist synthesis, formulation and evaluation are presented.