gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-contrast optical-parametric amplifier as a front end of high-power laser systems (2007)

A high-contrast preamplifier based on optical-parametric amplification with a short pump pulse is demonstrated. A gain larger than 10(5) and measurement-limited contrast higher than 10(11) are obtained over a large temporal range extending within less than 10 ps of the peak of the pulse, because of the high instantaneous parametric gain provided by a short pump pulse in a nonlinear crystal. The energy gain and high contrast of this preamplifier make it a good seed source for high-power laser systems.
<sup>64</sup>Cu- and <sup>68</sup>Ga-Based PET Imaging of Folate Receptor-Positive Tumors: Development and Evaluation of an Albumin-Binding NODAGA–Folate (2016)

A number of folate-based radioconjugates have been synthesized and evaluated for nuclear imaging purposes of folate receptor (FR)-positive tumors and potential therapeutic application. A common shortcoming of radiofolates is, however, a significant accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys. This situation has been faced by modifying the folate conjugate with an albumin-binding entity to increase the circulation time of the radiofolate, which led to significantly improved tumor-to-kidney ratios. The aim of this study was to develop an albumin-binding folate conjugate with a NODAGA-chelator (rf42) for labeling with (64)Cu and (68)Ga, allowing application for PET imaging. The folate conjugate rf42 was synthesized in 8 steps, with an overall yield of 5%. Radiolabeling with (64)Cu and (68)Ga was carried out at room temperature within 10 min resulting in (64)Cu-rf42 and (68)Ga-rf42 with >95% radiochemical purity. (64)Cu-rf42 and (68)Ga-rf42 were stable (>95% intact) in phosphate-buffered saline over more than 4 half-lives of the corresponding radionuclide. In vitro, the plasma protein-bound fraction of (64)Cu-rf42 and (68)Ga-rf42 was determined to be >96%. Cell experiments proved FR-specific uptake of both radiofolates, as it was reduced to <1% when KB tumor cells were coincubated with excess folic acid. In vivo, high accumulation of (64)Cu-rf42 and (68)Ga-rf42 was found in KB tumors of mice (14.52 ± 0.99% IA/g and 11.92 ± 1.68% IA/g, respectively) at 4 h after injection. The tumor-to-kidney ratios were in the range of 0.43-0.55 over the first 4 h of investigation. At later time points (up to 72 h p.i. of (64)Cu-rf42) the tumor-to-kidney ratio increased to 0.73. High-quality PET/CT images were obtained 2 h after injection of (64)Cu-rf42 and (68)Ga-rf42, respectively, allowing distinct visualization of tumors and kidneys. Comparison of PET/CT images obtained with (64)Cu-rf42 and a (64)Cu-labeled DOTA-folate conjugate (cm10) clearly proved the superiority of NODAGA for stable coordination of (64)Cu. (64)Cu-cm10 showed high liver uptake, most probably as a consequence of released (64)Cu(2+). The data reported in this study clearly proved the promising features of (64)Cu-rf42, particularly in terms of favorable tumor-to-kidney ratios. The relatively long half-life of (64)Cu (T1/2 = 12.7 h) matches well with the enhanced circulation time of the albumin-binding NODAGA-folate, allowing PET imaging at longer time points after injection than is possible when using (68)Ga (T1/2 = 68 min).
An identity-based security framework For VANETs (2006)

We present a security framework for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), using identity-based cryptography, to provide authentication, confidentiality, non-repudiation and message integrity. Additionally it provides scalable security and privacy using short-lived, authenticated and unforgeable, pseudonyms. This feature can be used by VANET applications that require quantifiable trust and privacy to provide differentiated service based on various levels of trust and privacy thresholds.
The occurrence and biological significance of the α-keto-sugars pseudaminic acid and legionaminic acid within pathogenic bacteria (2013)

This article describes the occurrence of the acidic sugars based on pseudaminic acid and legionaminic acid within pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In addition to presenting the structural variations found in these sugars, this article also discusses the potential biological role of these unusual sugars.
Neutron Dosimeter Using a Dynamic Random Access Memory as a Sensor (1986)

Soft errors in memory devices caused by ionizing radiation are well known. This sensitivity means that dynamic random access memories can be used as highly efficient, spatially resolved, low cost charged particle detectors. By adding a foil with a high cross section for a (n,alpha) capture reaction, these devices can be made sensitive to thermal neutrons. This will enable the development of a lighweight portable personnel dosimeter.
Dendritic cells in hyperplastic thymuses from patients with myasthenia gravis (2003)

Abstract To investigate the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the hyperplastic myasthenia gravis (MG) thymus, we studied the frequency and distribution of three mature DC phenotypes (CD83 + CD11c + , CD86 + CD11c + , and HLA‐DR + CD11c + ) in samples from patients with MG whose symptoms dramatically improved following thymectomy and in non‐MG control thymuses. In hyperplastic MG thymuses, mature DCs were much more numerous in nonmedullary areas, such as the subcapsular/outer cortex; around the germinal centers; and in extralobular connective tissue, particularly around blood vessels. Mature DCs strongly coexpressed CD44 and appeared to be components of a CD44–highly positive (CD44 high ) cell population migrating from the vascular system. Furthermore, in the hyperplastic MG thymus, the expression of secondary lymphoid‐tissue chemokine (SLC) markedly increased especially around extralobular blood vessels, where the CD44 high cell population accumulated. These findings suggest that DCs may migrate into the hyperplastic thymus from the vascular system via mechanisms that involve CD44 and SLC. DCs may present self‐antigens, thereby promoting the priming and/or boosting of potentially autoreactive T cells against the acetylcholine receptor. Muscle Nerve 27: 582–589, 2003
<i>In vitro</i> characterization and biomechanical optimization of a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement (1988)

We have developed a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement and used in vitro and in vivo methods for studying its suitability for orthopaedic applications. The composite matrix consists of gelatin, water, and sodium salicylate. The particulate phase is made up of powdered and particulate (355-600 microns diameter) tricalcium phosphate. Paraformaldehyde (0.1% to 0.5% by weight) is used as a matrix cross-linking agent. The effects of incubation time, particulate volume fraction, density of the individual particles, water content, concentration of crosslinking agent, and freeze-drying on the unconfined compressive strength and modulus of the particulate composite were measured. Compressive strengths of 7 MPa and moduli of 65 MPa could be achieved. Mechanical properties depended critically upon the water content of the particulate composite, with values of strength and modulus decreasing rapidly outside a range of 10-14% of specimen dry weight. High-density tricalcium phosphate particulate produced cement with twice the strength found with porous particulate. In a companion study we document in vivo performance of this particulate composite in an animal model system.
Peer Reviewed: Internet-Scale Sensing (2004)

Incredible advances in digital communications and computer power have profoundly changed our lives. One chemist shares his vision of the role of analytical science in the next communications revolution.
Nickel peroxide dehydrogenation of oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel peroxide dehydrogenation of oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing heterocyclesDavid L. Evans, David K. Minster, Ulrich Jordis, Sidney M. Hecht, Arthur L. Mazzu Jr., and A. I. MeyersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 4, 497–501Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01318a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01318a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1026Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Kind of SPWM Strategy for Three-phase High Frequency Link Matrix Inverter (2013)

The three-phase high frequency link matrix inverter(HFLMI) is an important kind of inverter that can perform the electrical insulation between DC side and AC side.Aiming at the character of bidirectional switch in the matrix inverter,a novel modulation strategy as De-Re-couple sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM) by using De-Recouple analysis idea is studied,the control principle of it is discussed,a thoroughly analysis of the matrix inverter working modes and some switching rules are shown.The results of lab experiments are presented,the De-Re-couple SPWM could be approved to be feasible and effective by all of them.
Stability of Chlorohydrocarbons (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability of ChlorohydrocarbonsP. J. Carlisle and A. A. LevineCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1932, 24, 10, 1164–1168Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50274a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50274a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hydrogels and Cell Based Therapies in Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration (2015)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system- (CNS-) related disorder for which there is yet no successful treatment. Within the past several years, cell-based therapies have been explored for SCI repair, including the use of pluripotent human stem cells, and a number of adult-derived stem and mature cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, and Schwann cells. Although promising, cell transplantation is often overturned by the poor cell survival in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. Alternatively, the therapeutic role of different cells has been used in tissue engineering approaches by engrafting cells with biomaterials. The latter have the advantages of physically mimicking the CNS tissue, while promoting a more permissive environment for cell survival, growth, and differentiation. The roles of both cell- and biomaterial-based therapies as single therapeutic approaches for SCI repair will be discussed in this review. Moreover, as the multifactorial inhibitory environment of a SCI suggests that combinatorial approaches would be more effective, the importance of using biomaterials as cell carriers will be herein highlighted, as well as the recent advances and achievements of these promising tools for neural tissue regeneration.
CHROMOSOME ORGANIZATION AND GENIC EXPRESSION (1951)

During the past six years, a study of the behavior of a number of newly arisen mutable loci in maize has been undertaken. This study has provided a unique opportunity to examine the mutation process at a number of different loci in the chromosomes. For some of these loci, several independent inceptions of instability have occurred during the progress of this study. The types of mutation that appear, and the types of instability expression, need not be the same at any one locus. In fact, comparisons of the behavior of these different mutable conditions at a particular locus have shown striking diversity, not only with regard to the changes in phenotypic expression that result from mutations at the locus, but also with regard to the manner in which mutability is controlled.
Arterial thrombosis associated with anticardiolipin and anti‐β2‐glycoprotein‐Iantibodies in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report of two cases (2000)

Autoimmune phenomena in lymphoid malignancies are often observed. However, clinical manifestations such as a secondary antiphospholipid syndrome in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies are rarely reported. Furthermore, in the few cases of lymphomas so far reported with thrombosis associated with elevated antiphospholipid antibodies, the anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I antibodies have not been studied. We report on two cases of arterial thrombosis occuring in patients with B-cell lymphoma who presented with positive anticardiolipin and anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I antibodies. Our observation suggests that patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and both anticardiolipin and anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I antibodies may be, similar to lupus patients, at considerable risk towards thrombosis, especially towards arterial thrombosis.
Communications satellite technology and services for the 90's (2003)

The future of satellite communications is addressed from the viewpoint of both commercial and military users. Technological advances and new services are discussed, and user requirements are assessed. It is pointed out that there are many different technologies that are available for implementation on future satellite systems. It appears that the field of satellite communications will move to serve the mobile low-data-rate users. The more traditional wide-bandwidth high-data-rate users will continue to migrate to cable. New niche markets will continue to develop and be served by specialized satellite networks specially suited to serve these niche markets. It is concluded that the field of satellite communications is about to rapidly expand in many new directions, driven by new user requirements and new technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Indoor localization using passive RFID (2011)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems based on passive tags are used successfully in a wide range of object identification applications. However, the increasing needs to meet new demands on applications of localization and tracking create a new field for evolution of the RFID technology. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a cost-effective localization system for in-building usage that is able to localize objects that carry passive RFID tags. The RFID reading is performed by a single Reader and an array of directional antennas through multiplexing. Evaluation and experimental results from three localization algorithms based on RSSI are presented.
A speech/Speaker recognition and response system (2005)

The realization of a speech analyzer plus an LPC synthesizer in a single chip signal processing microprocessor is described. The chip is able to process both algorithms in real time to create an interactive voice analyzer/response system operating under the control of a microprocessor and with the LPC speech data stored in a ROM. The chip is a 16 bit microprocessor specially architectured for signal processing. It features all single cycle instructions with a 300nsec cycle time, and a 12 × 12 bit parallel multiplier pipelined to operate in a single cycle. It can be programmed to perform a wide variety of signal processing functions including speech processing.
Ticagrelor: novel antithrombotic for acute coronary syndromes (2011)

Abstract Ticagrelor (Brilique) is an oral, reversible platelet inhibitor licensed to prevent atherothrombotic events in acute coronary syndromes. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events and Professor Storey discusses its place in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Optically pumped mid-infrared light emitter on silicon (2007)

Characterization of a IV-VI semiconductor structure consisting of a PbSe/PbSrSe multiple quantum well (MQW) active region between distributed Bragg reflectors grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a Si(111) substrate is described. Pulsed photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited interband electronic transition energies ranging linearly with temperature from 231.4 meV at 150 K to 299.4 meV at 300 K, while continuous wave (cw) PL spectra exhibited only the vertical optical cavity mode with emission varying between 299.2 meV at 150 K to 301.1 meV at 300 K. A maximum PL emission power of approximately 1.8 mW was obtained for cw diode laser pumping when the heat sink temperature was 200 K. Data are consistent with a localized epilayer heating effect of about 100 deg where the interband electronic transition energy is coincident with the vertical optical cavity mode. In spite of significant sample heating and associated thermal expansion mismatch stress, cw PL emission intensity was stable with no noticeable degradation in intensity after repeated measurements. These results show that IV-VI epitaxial layers on silicon are viable materials for fabricating reliable light emitters for on-chip optical interconnects.
A high-performance VME-based acquisition system for positron emission mammography (2002)

A prototype for a practical and economical breast imaging system for cancer detection is currently under development at Jefferson Lab. The latest advances in bright, fast, crystal scintillators, compact position-sensitive photomultipliers (PSPMT), and high-performance digitizing and readout electronics are being used to develop a compact imager based on Positron Emission Tomography (PET). To facilitate the performance demands of the detector as well as the high number of readout channels, the data acquisition system is built around an intelligent, self-contained, VNM form-factor.
Packet loss concealment in a secure voice over IP environment (2005)

Quality of service (QoS) in a narrowband secure voice over data over IP (SVoIP) system is impacted by changes in network behavior, particularly packet loss. Several methods exist for mitigating these effects. This paper analyzes the performance of packet loss concealment using forward error correction, frame replication, adaptive playout buffering, and dynamic buffer selection in a SVoIP system. These methods are shown to improve to varying degrees overall QoS.
MYRIOCIN, A NEW ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTIC FROM MYRIOCOCCUM ALBOMYCES (1972)

A new crystalline antifungal compound, myriocin, has been isolated from culture filtrates and mycelium of the thermophilic ascomycete Myriococcum albomyces. Myriocin is strongly active in vitro against yeasts and dermatophytes. This paper deals with the production, isolation, and purification, as well as the physical, chemical and biological properties of myriocin and one of its derivatives, anhydromyriocin. The elucidation of its chemical structure is also reported. The compound appears to be too toxic for therapeutic purposes.
PIQL (2011)

Newly-released web applications often succumb to a "Success Disaster," where overloaded database machines and resulting high response times destroy a previously good user experience. Unfortunately, the data independence provided by a traditional relational database system, while useful for agile development, only exacerbates the problem by hiding potentially expensive queries under simple declarative expressions. As a result, developers of these applications are increasingly abandoning relational databases in favor of imperative code written against distributed key/value stores, losing the many benefits of data independence in the process. Instead, we propose PIQL, a declarative language that also provides scale independence by calculating an upper bound on the number of key/value store operations that will be performed for any query. Coupled with a service level objective (SLO) compliance prediction model and PIQL's scalable database architecture, these bounds make it easy for developers to write success-tolerant applications that support an arbitrarily large number of users while still providing acceptable performance. In this paper, we present the PIQL query processing system and evaluate its scale independence on hundreds of machines using two benchmarks, TPC-W and SCADr.
Florence: a dialogue manager framework for spoken dialogue systems (2004)

Recent advances in speech and language technology have made spoken dialogue systems mainstream in many industries. They allow customers to engage in natural speech interactions with machines instead of being compelled to navigate menus of options with touch tones inputs. VoiceXML was a major milestone for the process of using automated speech applications to expose business portals to ubiquitous telephone access. By the introduction of a uniform and universally accepted client-server browser model, the VoiceXML programming model greatly simplified previously dominant proprietary computer telephony interfaces. However, natural language spoken dialogue systems entail more complex interactions with the user which, depending upon the application domain, may require computational models that are difficult to express directly in VoiceXML. This paper describes Florence, a dialogue manager with a more general approach that uses an extensible and flexible framework to combine interchangeable and interoperable dialogue strategies as appropriate to the task. Florence’s declarative XML-based language facilitates the development of natural language applications and allows the dialogue author to encapsulate and reuse different algorithms between applications. Moreover, it addresses large-scale natural language issues related to enterprise backend access, logging, distributed deployment, and fail-over support. These issues must be addressed in a modern, industrial-strength application server environment.