gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ray Accelerator: Efficient and Flexible Ray Tracing on a Heterogeneous Architecture (2016)

Abstract We present a hybrid ray tracing system, where the work is divided between the CPU cores and the GPU in an integrated chip, and communication occurs via shared memory. Rays are organized in large packets that can be distributed among the two units as needed. Testing visibility between rays and the scene is mostly performed using an optimized kernel on the GPU, but the CPU can help as necessary. The CPU cores typically handle most or all shading, which makes it easy to support complex appearances. For efficiency, the CPU cores shade whole batches of rays by sorting them on material and shading each material using a vectorized kernel. In addition, we introduce a method to support light paths with arbitrary recursion, such as multiple recursive Whitted‐style ray tracing and adaptive sampling where the result of a ray is examined before sending the next, while still batching up rays for the benefit of GPU‐accelerated traversal and vectorized shading. This allows our system to achieve high rendering performance while maintaining the flexibility to accommodate different rendering algorithms.
Localization of the Enzymes of Fructan Metabolism in Vacuoles Isolated by a Mechanical Method from Tubers of Jerusalem Artichoke (<i>Helianthus tuberosus</i> L.) (1989)

Vacuoles isolated by a mechanical slicing method from developing tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) contain activities of the two principal enzymes responsible for fructan synthesis: sucrose-sucrose fructosyl transferase and fructan-fructan fructosyl transferase. Both enzymes are associated with the vacuolar sap and not with the tonoplast. In vacuoles isolated from dormant tubers, the fructan-fructan fructosyl transferase activity remains in the vacuolar sap but the fructan exohydrolase activity is associated with the tonoplast. Fructan is hydrolysed by these vacuoles to fructose, which can be exported to the suspending medium. The localization of the enzymes of fructan metabolism in the vacuole has implications for the maintenance of fructan polymerisation.
Emotion recognition using wireless signals (2016)

This paper demonstrates a new technology that can infer a person's emotions from RF signals reflected off his body. EQ-Radio transmits an RF signal and analyzes its reflections off a person's body to recognize his emotional state (happy, sad, etc.). The key enabler underlying EQ-Radio is a new algorithm for extracting the individual heartbeats from the wireless signal at an accuracy comparable to on-body ECG monitors. The resulting beats are then used to compute emotion-dependent features which feed a machine-learning emotion classifier. We describe the design and implementation of EQ-Radio, and demonstrate through a user study that its emotion recognition accuracy is on par with state-of-the-art emotion recognition systems that require a person to be hooked to an ECG monitor.
Specular highlights detection and reduction with multi-flash photography (2006)

Abstract We present a novel method to reduce the effect of specularities in digital images. Our approach relies on a simple modification of the capture setup: a multi-flash camera is used to take multiple pictures of the scene, each one with a differently positioned light source. We then formulate the problem of specular highlights reduction as solving a Poisson equation on a gradient field obtained from the input images. The obtained specular reduced image is further refined in a matting process with the maximum composite of the input images. Experimental results are demonstrated on real and synthetic images. The entire setup can be conceivably packaged into a self-contained device, no larger than existing digital cameras.
The Production of High Specific Activities of Tin (1963)

Abstract The production of high specific activities of tin, 113Sn and 117mSn, with a cyclotron had been studied. Thick target yields for the reactions (A) 113In(d,2n)113Sn, (B) 115In(α,pn)-117mSn and (C) 110Cd(α,n)113Sn+111Cd(α,2n)-113Sn+ 114Cd(α,n)117mSn were determined for several incident particle energies. The reactions A and B are available for the production of the single tin activity. Reaction C is preferable to the others in the total yields of tin activities for the energy range studied, i. e., up to the energy of about 5 MeV. per nucleon of the incident particle. A thick target yield for reaction B has also been obtained from the excitation function up to the alpha particle energy of 40 MeV. The procedures for the carrier-free isolation of the tin activity from indium and cadmium targets by coprecipitation and ion exchange have also been described.
Advanced technology/electromagnetism-superconducting wire gets hotter (1993)

The significance of superconducting wires made of high-critical-temperature copper-oxide-based ceramics is discussed. The fabrication of wires made from the powdered ceramic material is described, and the characteristics of the resulting wires, particularly the critical current density, are examined. The progress to long wire lengths is discussed, and some applications are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cell cycle kinetics and development of <i>Hydra attenuata</i>: I. epithelial cells (1972)

ABSTRACT The cell cycle parameters of epithelial cells of Hydra attenuata are described. Specifically the rate of proliferation and the fraction of proliferating cells have been determined under conditions of defined growth rate. Techniques involved standard methods of cell cycle analysis using histological and tissue maceration preparations; pulse-chase and continuous labelling with [3H]thymidine followed by autoradiographic analysis, and microspectrophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content in single cells. The results indicate that more than 90% of hydra epithelial cells are actively proliferating with a cell cycle duration about equal to the tissue doubling time. In well fed hydra the average cell cycle is about 3 days long. S period is 12–15 h, G1 0–1 h, and mitosis 1·5 h. Most of the cell cycle consists of a long G2 period of variable duration (24–72 h). The results provide no evidence for a subpopulation of rapidly proliferating cells as predicted by ‘growth zone’ models of hydra morphogenesis. The results also indicate that the population of epithelial cells is self-sustaining requiring no input by differentiation from other cell types. The long and variable G2 period means that DNA synthesis and the following cell division are effectively uncoupled such that inhibitors of DNA synthesis may not stop epithelial cell division. The variable nature of the G2 period suggests it as a possible point of control of hydra growth.
NASA 2009 Body of Knowledge (BoK) Through-Slicon Via Technology (2009)

Through-silicon via (TSV) is the latest in a progression of technologies for stacking silicon devices in three dimensions (3D). Driven by the need for improved performance, methods to use short vertical interconnects to replace the long interconnects found in 2D structures have been developed. The industry is moving past the feasibility (research and development [R and D]) phase for TSV technology into the commercialization phase where economic realities will determine which technologies are adopted. Low-cost fine via hole formation and highly reliable via filling technologies have been demonstrated; process equipment and materials are available. Even though design, thermal, and test issues remain, much progress has been made.
Speech coding for mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

Achieving effective real-time voice communication over an ad hoc network of mobile wireless nodes is an important new challenge in the wireless arena and opens new directions for research in speech coding. In this paper, we review the problems and issues in supporting speech over mobile ad hoc networks and examine the role of new speech coding techniques and modified network protocols aimed at providing adequate quality of service in this difficult environment.
A hardware motion compensator for a videoconferencing codec (1990)

In December 1984 a CCITT specialists group was formed to standardise video coding at rates between 384 and 2048 kbit/s for video telephony. After much computer simulation work in many countries a combination of interframe prediction and hybrid transform coding was chosen for further investigation with real-time hardware. Several organisations in Europe, Japan and the USA began construction of flexible test-beds to permit verification, optimisation and enhancement of the algorithm. The algorithm performed well and it was decided to extend the range of bit rates down to 64 kbit/s. An outline diagram of the encoder is shown. International tests of this revised algorithm took place towards the end of 1989. The countries involved were Germany, Japan, UK and USA. The recommendation is known as H.261.
Both WFIKKN1 and WFIKKN2 Have High Affinity for Growth and Differentiation Factors 8 and 11 (2008)

WFIKKN1 and WFIKKN2 are large extracellular multidomain proteins consisting of a WAP, a follistatin, an immunoglobulin, two Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domains, and an NTR domain. Recent experiments have shown that WFIKKN2 protein binds mature GDF8/myostatin and myostatin propeptide and inhibits the biological activity of myostatin (Hill, J. J., Qiu, Y., Hewick, R. M., and Wolfman, N. M. (2003) Mol. Endocrinol. 17, 1144-1154). Here we show that the paralogue of this protein, WFIKKN1, also binds to both myostatin and myostatin propeptide and that both WFIKKN1 and WFIKKN2 bind GDF11, the growth and differentiation factor most closely related to myostatin, with high affinity. Structure-function studies on WFIKKN1 have revealed that the follistatin domain is primarily responsible for the binding of mature growth factor, whereas the NTR domain contributes most significantly to the interaction with myostatin propeptide. Analysis of the evolutionary histories of WFIKKN1/WFIKKN2 and GDF8/GDF11 proteins indicates that the functional association of an ancestral WFIKKN protein with an ancestor of GDF8/11 may date back to cephalochordates/urochordates. Although duplication of the corresponding genes gave rise to WFIKKN1/WFIKKN2 and GDF8/GDF11 in early vertebrates, the data presented here suggest that there is significant functional overlap of the paralogous proteins.
Synthesis of 1,3-dithiol-2-ones as proligands related to molybdopterin (2002)

The reaction of suitably disubstituted alkynes with diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide gives differentially substituted 4,5-disubstituted-1,3-dithiol-2-ones as proligands for metal complexes related to the molybdenum cofactor.
Obstacle avoidance system for agricultural robots based on multi-sensor information fusion (2011)

A robot for agricultural field operation is developed. A modular structure is used in robot design,and the robot is divided into deceleration and electrical drives device, loading platform, crawler and robot posture detection & control device. GPS is used for navigation and positioning. These sensors, such as Ultrasonic sensors, Infrared sensor and laser scanner etc, are selected. And multi-sensor information fusion algorithm is used for obstacle avoidance. A fuzzy clustering idea is used in designing the obstacle avoidance algorithm and the robot can find the area around the obstacle with the algorithm. All theses create conditions for robot automatic navigation and automatic operation.
Prioritized Region of Interest Coding in JPEG2000 (2004)

A method is proposed to encode multiple regions of interest in the JPEG2000 image-coding framework. The algorithm is based on the rearrangement of packets in the code-stream to place the regions of interest before the background coefficients. In order to improve the quality of the reconstructed image, partial background information is included with the regions of interest. The method makes use of a Gaussian priority distribution to assign different priority levels to background and region of interest packets. The priority level is in turn used to determine how much background information should be included with the regions of interest. The proposed technique is fully compatible with the current JPEG2000 standard and allows transmission of different regions of interest with different priorities. Experimental results demonstrating the validity of the proposed approach are presented and compared with existing region of interest coding techniques.
Gas Exchange and High Frequency Ventilation (1981)

Froese, Alison B. MD, FRCP(C); Bryan, A. Charles MB, BS, PhD, FRCP(C) Author Information
A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS FROM 1-ALKYNE AND ACID ANHYDRIDE PROMOTED BY DICHLORO-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATO)TITANIUM(IV) (1985)

Abstract 1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds are prepared in high yields by acylation of 1-alkyne derivatives with acid anhydride in the presence of dichloro-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonato)titanium(IV), followed by aqueous work up.
Maßgeschneiderte Oberflächen (1994)

Abstract Polymerschichten mit Dicken im Bereich molekularer Dimensionen können auf festen Substraten mit Hilfe von selbstorganisierten Monolagen aus kovalent gebundenen Initiatormolekülen und Polymerisation in situ gebildet werden. Durch die terminale, permanente Verankerung der Polymerketten ergeben sich vielfältige neue Aspekte zum Verständnis der Polymerchemie und ‐physik in extrem dünnen Filmen und zahlreiche neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten.
Polyethylene encapsulation of single-shell tank low-level wastes. Annual progress report (1992)

This report describes work supported by the UST-ID, conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory I (BNL), to develop and demonstrate a polyethylene waste encapsulation process for low-level radioactive (LLW) and hazardous mixed wastes (HMW) stored in underground tanks. During FY 1992, studies were completed on the effects of elevated temperature on waste form integrity, strength and leachability. No changes in waste form integrity or compressive yield strength were detected after storing polyethylene waste forms containing 50, 60 and 70 wt% sodium nitrate at 70{degree}C for 3 months. Leaching of polyethylene waste forms with similar nitrate salt loadings at temperatures up to 70{degree}C resulted in slight increases in leachability (< a factor of 2), compared with leaching at ambient temperatures. Leaching of sodium nitrate from polyethylene waste forms was diffusion-controlled, enabling extrapolation of laboratory leach data to full-scale waste forms over long time periods. Full-scale polyethylene waste forms containing 50 to 70 wt% nitrate salt could be expected to leach a total of 5% to 17% of the original contaminant source term after 300 years of leaching under worst-case (70{degree}C, fully saturated) conditions. This is about 25 to 75 times lower leachability than conventional cement grout waste forms containing a maximum of 20 wt% nitrate salts.
Preparation of Crystalline N<sup>G</sup>-Tosylarginine Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Crystalline NG-Tosylarginine Derivatives1Janakiraman Ramachandran and Choh Hao LiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 4006–4009Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recombinant adenovirus-transduced dendritic cell immunization in a murine model of central nervous system tumor (2000)

These data suggest that immune responses generated against CNS tumors by DC-based vaccines may be different from those obtained against subcutaneous tumors.
Zebrafish as an Emerging Model Organism to Study Angiogenesis in Development and Regeneration (2016)

Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from preexisting ones and plays a critical role in several conditions including embryonic development, tissue repair and disease. Moreover, enhanced therapeutic angiogenesis is a major goal in the field of regenerative medicine and efficient vascularization of artificial tissues and organs is one of the main hindrances in the implementation of tissue engineering approaches, while, on the other hand, inhibition of angiogenesis is a key therapeutic target to inhibit for instance tumor growth. During the last decades, the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process has been matter of intense research. In this regard, several in vitro and in vivo models have been established to visualize and study migration of endothelial progenitor cells, formation of endothelial tubules and the generation of new vascular networks, while assessing the conditions and treatments that either promote or inhibit such processes. In this review, we address and compare the most commonly used experimental models to study angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we focus on the implementation of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to study angiogenesis and discuss the advantages and not yet explored possibilities of its use as model organism.
Influence of Calcium in Extracellular DNA Mediated Bacterial Aggregation and Biofilm Formation (2014)

Calcium (Ca(2+)) has an important structural role in guaranteeing the integrity of the outer lipopolysaccharide layer and cell walls of bacterial cells. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) being part of the slimy matrix produced by bacteria promotes biofilm formation through enhanced structural integrity of the matrix. Here, the concurrent role of Ca(2+) and eDNA in mediating bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation was studied for the first time using a variety of bacterial strains and the thermodynamics of DNA to Ca(2+) binding. It was found that the eDNA concentrations under both planktonic and biofilm growth conditions were different among bacterial strains. Whilst Ca(2+) had no influence on eDNA release, presence of eDNA by itself favours bacterial aggregation via attractive acid-base interactions in addition, its binding with Ca(2+) at biologically relevant concentrations was shown further increase in bacterial aggregation via cationic bridging. Negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values in iTC data confirmed that the interaction between DNA and Ca(2+) is thermodynamically favourable and that the binding process is spontaneous and exothermic owing to its highly negative enthalpy. Removal of eDNA through DNase I treatment revealed that Ca(2+) alone did not enhance cell aggregation and biofilm formation. This discovery signifies the importance of eDNA and concludes that existence of eDNA on bacterial cell surfaces is a key facilitator in binding of Ca(2+) to eDNA thereby mediating bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation.
Discovery of (<i>R</i>)-(2-Fluoro-4-((-4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)phenyl) (3-Hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)methanone (ML337), An mGlu<sub>3</sub> Selective and CNS Penetrant Negative Allosteric Modulator (NAM) (2013)

A multidimensional, iterative parallel synthesis effort identified a series of highly selective mGlu3 NAMs with submicromolar potency and good CNS penetration. Of these, ML337 resulted (mGlu3 IC50 = 593 nM, mGlu2 IC50 >30 μM) with B:P ratios of 0.92 (mouse) to 0.3 (rat). DMPK profiling and shallow SAR led to the incorporation of deuterium atoms to address a metabolic soft spot, which subsequently lowered both in vitro and in vivo clearance by >50%.
Ion-solvent interaction. Structural aspects of ion-solvent interaction in aqueous solutions: a suggested picture of water structure (1957)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen Serum Concentrations in End-Stage Renal Failure (1990)

Serum concentrations of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) were measured in 65 hemodialysis patients and compared with serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). Elevated IL-2R levels, found in 85% of examined patients, correlated with elevated TPA serum concentrations (p less than 0.05). Patients with high IL-2R levels were significantly younger (p less than 0.05) than patients with low levels. Primary renal disease and residual renal function had no significant influence on TPA or IL-2R serum concentrations. In 16 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, increased serum concentrations of IL-2R (p less than 0.005) and TPA (p less than 0.001) were found. We conclude that a non-specific dialysis-induced activation of epithelial and lymphoid cells rather than a specific immune response could explain the concomitant elevation of IL-2R and TPA serum concentrations in hemodialyzed patients. Patients with pronounced cell turnover, reflected by elevated IL-2R and TPA levels, may show an increased susceptibility to dialysis-associated amyloidosis.
Relationship of APP mRNA transcripts and levels of NGF and low-affinity NGF receptors to behavioral measures of age-related cognitive dysfunction (1994)

This study was designed to examine the relationship between cognitive function and endogenous levels of NGF, low-affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNAs. Using 3 month (n = 5), 18 month (n = 40), and 29 month (n = 17) Fischer-344 male rats, cognitive function was assessed with the Morris water maze, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction were used to quantify APP mRNAs, and NGF and LNGFR levels were determined with an ELISA. Cognitive function declined progressively with age from 3 months to 18 months, and from 18 months to 29 months, but only RNA content in the tissue declined significantly from 3 months to 18 months. Between 18 month and 29 month rats were small but statistically significant decreases only for Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI)-inclusive mRNAs and cortical NGF levels. There was a small but statistically significant correlation between cognitive function and %KPI (the amount of KPI APP mRNAs relative to the total amount of APP mRNA), with lower %KPI related to more impaired spatial learning. No other statistically significant correlation or linear relationship could be detected between cognitive function and any of the other neurological measures or any combination of these measures (i.e., hippocampal levels of APP 695 mRNA, cortical and hippocampal levels of NGF, and cortical, hippocampal, and basal forebrain levels of LNGFR).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)