gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-performance and low-power 32-bit multiply-accumulate unit with single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) feature (2002)

A high-performance and low-power 32-bit multiply-accumulate unit (MAC) is described in this paper. The last mixed-length encoding scheme used in the MAC leverages the advantage of a 16-bit encoding scheme without adding extra delay to the faster four-stage Wallace tree of a 12-bit encoding scheme. With this new encoding scheme, one-cycle throughput for 16-bit /spl times/16-bit and 32-bit /spl times/16-bit MAC instructions was achieved at very high frequencies. To handle media streams more efficiently, the single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) and the multiply-with-implicit-accumulate (MIA) features were added. A mixture of static CMOS logic and complementary pass-gate logic (CPL) was used to achieve the high-speed and low-power goals. Several power-saving techniques were also implemented in this MAC.
Encapsulated metal ions (1984)

This paper reviews some of the more interesting and recent phenomena associated with the metal ion cage chemistry involving hexaazamacropolycycles. Synthetic aspects are addressed in relation to making cages with smaller and larger hole sizes in order to modulate redox potentials and electron transfer rates. The introduction of substituents is also examined in relation to these factors along with the effect of ligand geometry and strain. Relevant redox potentials, spectroscopic and photochemical properties of the different metal ion cages are displayed. Aspects of the synthesis of dimer complexes and some properties of the dimer complexes are outlined. The route whereby the metal is extruded from the cage in acid conditions is examined in some detail for the Cusar2 ion. The properties of an extraordinarily stable zinc alkyl cage are examined and finally various prospects for the use of the metal ion cages are reviewed.
Rate of arabinitol production by pathogenic yeast species (1981)

D-Arabinitol is a five-carbon polyol that is produced by many fungi. Detection of the metabolite has been reported in serum from patients with invasive candidiasis. We studied the production and assimilation of arabinitol by 46 clinical isolates of yeast species. Cultures of isolates of Candida albicans (9 strains), Candida tropicalis (12 strains), Candida parapsilosis (13 strains), Candida krusei (4 strains), Candida pseudotropicalis (3 strains), Torulopsis glabrata (3 strains), and Cryptococcus neoformans (2 strains) were assayed by gas-liquid chromatography. Yeast cells were cultured at 34 degrees C in yeast nitrogen base with 3.0 g of glucose per liter. At 1.5- to 3-h intervals, cells were counted and glucose and arabinitol were measured in media filtrates. The levels of arabinitol in cultures with 7.5 X 10(6) yeast cells per ml were compared. The mean concentrations of the metabolite in C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. pseudotropicalis cultures wee 14.1, 1.6, 8.4, and 5.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. No arabinitol was detected in cultures of C. krusei, T. glabrata, or C. neoformans.
Understanding and Measuring Linear–NonLinear Thinking Style for Enhanced Management Education and Professional Practice (2007)

Various past studies compete and seemingly contradict one another in their presentation of valuable alternatives to rational and logical thinking for improving decision making and problem solving. We contribute here to an integration of past research and propose and test a multifaceted construct of thinking style based on two primary dimensions: linear thinking (e.g., rationality, logic, analytic thinking) and nonlinear thinking (e.g., intuition, insight, creativity). We present and validate in four separate studies a self-report diagnostic instrument (Linear–Nonlinear Thinking Style Profile or LNTSP) for measuring an individual's linear and nonlinear thinking style profile. Validation study results across student, professional, and managerial samples reveal a 4-factor model of linear and nonlinear thinking style involving the manner in which individuals attend to a particular kind of information source (internal vs. external) and subsequent linear versus nonlinear processing of that information. The results also indicate that the LNTSP has acceptable convergent validity vis-à-vis two commonly used and conceptually related instruments, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Cognitive Style Index, as well as external validity and face validity across students from different academic major programs (e.g., liberal arts vs. business and engineering), individuals from distinctly different professional careers (i.e., professional actors and accountants), and managerial and professional workshop participants. We discuss implications of these results for future research, as well as possible beneficial use of the LNTSP for management education and business practice.
File Type Identification of Data Fragments by Their Binary Structure (2006)

Rapidly gaining information superiority is vital when fighting an enemy, but current computer forensics tools, which require file headers or a working file system to function, do not enable us to quickly map out the contents of corrupted hard disks or other fragmented storage media found at crime scenes. The lack of proper tools slows down the hunt for information, which would otherwise help in gaining the upper hand against IT based perpetrators. To address this problem, this paper presents an algorithm which allows categorization of data fragments based solely on their structure, without the need for any meta data. The algorithm is based on measuring the rate of change of the byte contents of digital media and extends the byte frequency distribution based Oscar method presented in an earlier paper. The evaluation of the new method shows a detection rate of 99.2 %, without generating any false positives, when used to scan for JPEG data. The slowest implementation of the algorithm scans a 72.2 MB file in approximately 2.5 seconds and scales linearly
Myofibroblasts in reperfused myocardial infarcts express the embryonic form of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb) (2000)

Healing myocardial infarcts undergo rapid changes in their content of myofibroblasts. During the proliferative phase fibroblasts undergo phenotypic changes leading to expression of contractile proteins such as alpha-SMAc, and production of SMemb, a marker for dedifferentiated smooth muscle cells. Expression of embryonic isoforms indicates dedifferentiation and allows the myofibroblast pool to serve as a versatile cell population, assuming different phenotypes depending on the physiological needs.
Correlating corneal arcus with atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia (2008)

Corneal arcus reflects widespread tissue lipid deposition and is correlated with both calcific atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis in these patients. Patients with more severe arcus tend to have more severe calcific atherosclerosis. Corneal arcus is not as good an indicator of calcific atherosclerosis as Achilles tendon thickness, but its presence suggests increased atherosclerosis in these hypercholesterolemic patients.
Pathways of Rb<sup>+</sup>Influx and Their Relation to Intracellular [Na<sup>+</sup>] in the Perfused Rat Heart (1995)

The aims of this study were to characterize the routes of influx of the K+ congener, Rb+, into cardiac cells in the perfused rat heart and to evaluate their links to the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) using 87Rb and 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The rate constant for Rb+ equilibration in the extracellular space was 8.5 times higher than that for the intracellular space. The sensitivity of the rate of Rb+ accumulation in the intracellular space of the perfused rat heart to the inhibitors of the K+ and Na+ transport systems has been analyzed. The Rb+ influx rates were measured in both beating and arrested hearts: both procaine (5 mmol/L) and lidocaine (1 mmol/L) halved the Rb+ influx rate. In procaine-arrested hearts, the Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ouabain (0.6 mmol/L) decreased Rb+ influx by 76 +/- 24% relative to that observed in untreated but arrested hearts. Rb+ uptake was insensitive to the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (1 mmol/L). The inhibitor of Na+/K+/2 Cl- cotransport bumetanide (30 mumol/L) decreased Rb+ uptake only slightly (by 9 +/- 8%). Rb+ uptake was dependent on [Na+]i: it increased by 58 +/- 34% when [Na+]i was increased with the Na+ ionophore monensin (1 mumol/L) and decreased by 48 +/- 9% when [Na+]i was decreased by the Na+ channel blockers procaine and lidocaine. Dimethylamiloride (15 to 20 mumol/L), an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger, slightly reduced [Na+]i and Rb+ entry into the cardiomyocytes (by 15 +/- 5%). 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the energetic state and intracellular pH (pHi) in a parallel series of hearts. Treatment of the hearts with lidocaine, 4-aminopyridine, dimethylamiloride, or bumetanide for 15 to 20 minutes at the same concentrations as used for the Rb+ and Na+ experiments did not markedly affect the levels of the phosphate metabolites or pHi. These data show that under normal physiological conditions, Rb+ influx occurs mainly through Na+,K(+)-ATPase; the contribution of the Na+/K+/2 Cl- cotransporter and K+ channels to Rb+ influx is small. The correlation between Rb+ influx and [Na+bdi during infusion of drugs that affect [Na+]i indicates that, in rat hearts at 37 degrees C, Rb+ influx can serve as a measure of Na+ influx. We estimate that, at normothermia, at least 50% of the Na+ entry into beating cardiac cells is provided by the Na+ channels, with only minor contributions (< 15%) from the Na+/K+/2 Cl- cotransporter and the Na+/H+ exchanger.
Introduction to Tariff Quotas (1979)

The concept of the tariff quota is essentially very simple, but in practice it can take many forms; and there are many reasons why it is introduced. This introductory chapter defines a tariff quota. And it identifies and classifies the various forms it can take and the uses to which it can be put. The following chapters are grouped into four parts.KeywordsTrade AgreementCustom UnionCommercial PolicyTrade DiversionCommercial AgreementThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Assembly and Mixing of Two-Stage Aqueous Two-Phase Protein Extractions (2001)

The effect of the order of system assembly was studied in two-stage aqueous two-phase systems loaded with whole bovine blood and BSA. Recovery in the bottom phase of the back extraction varied by up to 40% depending on the manner in which the forward extraction was assembled, significantly impacting upon the efficiency of the process. The effect of mixing intensity was investigated using a simple shear device. As expected, higher shear rates were found to facilitate mass transfer and shorten the time taken to reach equilibrium. Mixing at lower shear rates for extended periods resulted in a lower recovery of protein.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation, MAPK and PLD in All stimulated mitogenesis (1995)

Conference Article| August 01 1995 Tyrosine Phosphorylation, MAPK and PLD in All stimulated mitogenesis Clare Morton; Clare Morton 1Dept Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Medical Sciences Building, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 9HN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Neil Wilkie; Neil Wilkie 1Dept Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Medical Sciences Building, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 9HN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M.R. Boarder M.R. Boarder 1Dept Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Medical Sciences Building, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 9HN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1995) 23 (3): 426S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023426s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Clare Morton, Neil Wilkie, M.R. Boarder; Tyrosine Phosphorylation, MAPK and PLD in All stimulated mitogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1995; 23 (3): 426S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023426s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: SHR spontaneously hypertensive rat, WKY normotensive control rat, PLD phospholipase D, MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase, AII angiotensin II, TCA trichloroacetic acid, ATP adenosine triphosphate, P-But phosphatidylbutanol, NaOH sodium hydroxide This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Busulphan and cyclophosphamide cause little early toxicity during displacement bone marrow transplantation in fifty children. (1986)

Fifty children were induced with busulphan and cyclophosphamide before bone marrow transplantation. Our standard dose of cyclophosphamide was 2 g/m2 daily for 4 days, but this dosage was reduced if necessary so as not to exceed 75 mg/kg/day. A basal pulse rate that increased by more than 20 beats/min or a reduction in ECG voltage were indications for stopping cyclophosphamide. As a consequence, the fourth dose of cyclophosphamide was omitted for four children. One child died of cardiac arrest related to cyclophosphamide. We used busulphan at a dosage of 4 mg/kg/day for 4 days; neither 'busulphan lung' nor veno-occlusive disease occurred in any patient. The use of busulphan and cyclophosphamide did not guarantee freedom from interstitial pneumonitis, but this seemed to be related rather to the nature of prior treatment and the cytomegalovirus antibody status of the patient. Thus, we have developed a safe chemotherapy schedule for transplantation that avoids the need for radiotherapy and can, if necessary, be repeated after a 3-month interval.
Hereditary Defect in Platelet Function in Rats (1972)

Abstract Hemostatic parameters of fawn-hooded (FH) rats with an inherited hemorrhagic diathesis were compared with those of normal rats. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, plasma factor VIII, plasma fibrinogen, and platelet count and volume were normal. Bleeding time (BT) in FH rats was over 15 min vs. 1-8 min in controls, and platelet retention in glass-bead columns was reduced. Transfusion of platelet concentrates from normal rats corrected the BT of thrombocytopenic FH rats, but FH rat platelets did not shorten the BT of thrombocytopenic controls. ADP-induced aggregation, measured turbidimetrically in heparinized FH platelet-rich plasma, was normal. Connective tissue did not aggregate platelets of FH rats and released a subnormal amount of 14C-serotonin. In comparison with control platelets washed FH platelets aggregated by thrombin released virtually no ATP and ADP. Platelets, 10,11 of normal rats contained 4.49 µmoles ATP, 0.98 µmoles ADP, and 0.88 µmoles serotonin compared with only about one-half as much ATP and ADP and one-third as much serotonin in platelets of FH rats. These low values suggest the absence of the platelet, "release pool" rather than a defective release mechanism. The hemorrhagic diathesis seen in the FH rats resembles the platelet defect with storage pool deficiency observed in man.2
Regional ocular gentamicin levels after transcorneal and transscleral iontophoresis. (1990)

Transcorneal and transscleral iontophoresis were compared to subconjunctival injection (control) in the delivery of gentamicin into rabbit eyes. Gentamicin levels in the corena, aqueous, and vitreous were measured by a fluorescence polarization assay at various time intervals after treatment. A mean peak corneal concentration of 376.1 micrograms/ml was achieved 2 hr after transcorneal iontophoresis. This was significantly higher than the level obtained in control eyes (P = 0.016). A mean peak aqueous humor concentration of 54.8 micrograms/ml occurred 2 hr after transcorneal iontophoresis. This was significantly higher than the peak level of 14.2 micrograms/ml after subconjunctival injection (P = 0.003). Inhibitory levels (approximately 5 micrograms/ml) were maintained in both aqueous and cornea for 8 hr after transcorneal iontophoresis. After transscleral iontophoresis, the mean peak vitreous humor concentration was 53.4 micrograms/ml at 16 hr and remained inhibitory through 24 hr; the peak aqueous level was 23.2 micrograms/ml and remained inhibitory for 24 hr. Peak drug concentrations in the vitreous were significantly higher than control (P = 0.026). Therapeutic vitreous humor levels were not achievable after transcorneal iontophoresis or subconjunctival injection. Potential corneal toxicity of transcorneal iontophoresis was demonstrated by measuring corneal thickness and endothelial cell counts prior to and 3 days after transcorneal iontophoresis of gentamicin and balanced saline solution (BSS) (control). No significant differences existed between eyes treated with gentamicin compared to those treated with BSS or when pre- versus postiontophoresis of gentamicin in the same eyes were compared. Transcorneal and transscleral iontophoresis may be an effective noninvasive method of delivering inhibitory levels of gentamicin to the cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous for the treatment of intraocular infections.
Machine learning methods for turbulence modeling in subsonic flows around airfoils (2019)

In recent years, the data-driven turbulence model has attracted widespread concern in fluid mechanics. The existing approaches modify or supplement the original turbulence model by machine learning based on the experimental/numerical data, in order to augment the capability of the present turbulence models. Different from the previous researches, this paper directly reconstructs a mapping function between the turbulent eddy viscosity and the mean flow variables by neural networks and completely replaces the original partial differential equation model. On the other hand, compared with the machine learning models for the low Reynolds (Re) number flows based on direct numerical simulation data, high Reynolds number flows around airfoils present the apparent scaling effects and strong anisotropy, which induce large challenges in accuracy and generalization capability for the machine learning algorithm. We mainly concentrate on the high Reynolds number turbulent flows around the airfoils and take the results calculated by the computational fluid dynamics solver with the Spallart-Allmaras (SA) model as training data to construct a high-dimensional data-driven network model based on machine learning. The radial basis function neural network and the auxiliary optimization methods are adopted, and the individual models are built separately for the flow fields of the near-wall region, wake region, and far-field region. The training data in this paper is extracted from only three subsonic flow fields of NACA0012 airfoil. The data-driven turbulence model can be applied to various airfoils and flow states, and the predicted eddy viscosity, lift/drag coefficients, and skin friction distributions are all in good agreement with the results of the original SA model. This research demonstrates the promising prospect of machine learning methods in future studies about turbulence modeling.
Effect of long term bed rest in men on enzymatic antioxidative defence and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. (1998)

Bed rest is an integral part of treatment of numerous diseases. Typical examples are bone fractures of lower extremities and pelvis. Temporary immobilization is necessary also, e.g., in heart diseases (stroke), backbone and imminent abortion. The sick organism spares energy during the bed rest wich is beneficial. However, bed rest results in many alterations which are disadavantageous. They concern the function of almost all organs and systems but affect most significantly the locomotor and ciruclatory systems. Bed rest brings also about changes in the composition of peripheral blood and functions of the morphotic elements of blood. Red blood cells are subjected to the action of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). During oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin superoxide radical anion (O2-) is formed: HbFe2+ + O2 --> MetHbFe3+ + O2- (1) Ferrous and ferric ions present in the cytoplasm of red blood cells may be catalysts of the Fenton reaction leading to the production of the hydroxyl radical: O2- + Fe3+ --> O2- + Fe2+ (2) Fe2+ + H2O2 --> Fe3+ + OH + HO- (3) OH shows a tremendous reactivity. It may react with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. The process of lipid peroxidation is best understood. It concerns mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids present in cell membranes. Peroxidation of membrane lipids decreases membrane fluidity and impairs its barrier function. The lowered membrane fluidity compromises erythrocyte deormability which in turn disturbs oxygen delivery to the tissues. End productions of lipid peroxidation are low-molecular wieght compounds, among them carbohydrates (ethane and pentane) and aldehydes, e.g. malondialdehyde (MDA). MDA concentration is an acknowldeged marker of the intensity of lipid peroxidation. Erythrocytes contain a complex system of protection against the action of ROS. It includes various enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanism. The most important antioxidative enzymes of the red blood cells are superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9). Cu,Zn-SOD catalyzes the dismuation of O2- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Catalase and peroxidase remove H2O2 and, moreover, GSH-Px can reduce lipid peroxides. Under normal conditions an equilibrium exists between the formation and removal ROS. If ROS are formed in excess or the defensive antioxidative mechanism are inefficient, oxidative stress develops. Derangement of the equilibrium between the formation and removal of ROS is important in the pathosgenesis of many diseases, e.g. atherosclerosis, diabetes, Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease. There are literature data on disturbances of enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanism of blood plateless during bed rest. This study was aimed at an examination of the post-traumatic bed rest on the enzymatic antioxidative defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes.
Heterodyne-enhanced Faraday rotation spectrometer (2011)

A novel heterodyne-enhanced Faraday rotation spectroscopic (H-FRS) system for trace gas detection of nitric oxide (NO) is demonstrated. The system is based on a quantum cascade laser emitting at ~5.2 μm and a mercury cadmium telluride photodetector (both thermoelectrically cooled). The heterodyne detection is performed at 30MHz, where the laser relative intensity noise is significantly smaller than at low frequencies. With an implementation of active interferometer stabilization technique, the current system shows total noise level that is only 5.4 times above the fundamental shot-noise limit and the Faraday rotation angle sensitivity of 2.6 × 10<sup>-8</sup> rad/√Hz. The NO detection limit of 30.7 ppb-v/√Hz was achieved for the R(8.5)e NO transition using 100 Gauss magnetic field and 0.15 m optical path length.