gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce broad CD4+ T cell responses that recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants and HCoV-NL63 (2021)

Recent studies have shown T cell cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 and common cold coronavirus spike proteins. However, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on T cell responses to common cold coronaviruses (CCCs) remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed CD4+ T cell responses to spike peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and 3 CCCs (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) before and after study participants received Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) or Moderna (mRNA-1273) mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine recipients showed broad T cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and we identified 23 distinct targeted peptides in 9 participants, including 1 peptide that was targeted in 6 individuals. Only 4 of these 23 targeted peptides would potentially be affected by mutations in the UK (B.1.1.7) and South African (B.1.351) variants, and CD4+ T cells from vaccine recipients recognized the 2 variant spike proteins as effectively as they recognized the spike protein from the ancestral virus. Interestingly, we observed a 3-fold increase in the CD4+ T cell responses to HCoV-NL63 spike peptides after vaccination. Our results suggest that T cell responses elicited or enhanced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines may be able to control SARS-CoV-2 variants and lead to cross-protection against some endemic coronaviruses.
Semiconductor Electrodes: XLVI . Stabilization of n‐Silicon Electrodes in Aqueous Solution Photoelectrochemical Cells by Formation of Platinum Silicide Layers (1982)

Platinum silicide-coated n-Si electrodes have been shown to give highly stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in aqueous solutions. The exceptional stability and performance of these PEC cells might be due to the following: (1) fast interfacial charge transfer kinetics between the n-Si substrate and the platinum silicide and between platinum silicide and solution redox species; (2) separation of region of photocharge carrier generation from solution contamination; (3) good mechanical stability of the silicide on the silicon substrate; (4) reasonable chemical and electrochemical stability of the silicide. 10 refs.
Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking (2011)

This new method offers a robust and time saving procedure to quantify myocardial tissue and blood with displacement, velocity and deformation parameters on regular sequences of CMR imaging. It therefore can be implemented in clinical practice.
On automated assessment of Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (2011)

A method for the analysis of accelerometer and gyroscope signals in order to automatically assess the Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in patients with Parkinson's disease is presented in this paper. Several accelerometers and gyroscopes are placed on certain positions on the subject's body and the obtained signals are analyzed in order to extract several features that depict the energy distribution over the frequency spectrum and the non-linear properties of the signal. These features are fed into an artificial neural network which is used for LID detection and severity classification. The method has been evaluated using a group of 29 subjects. Results are presented related to the body locations that the accelerometers and the gyroscopes are placed. The obtained results indicate high classification ability (84.3% average classification accuracy).
Type X collagen synthesis during in vitro development of chick embryo tibial chondrocytes. (1986)

In the developing chick embryo tibia type X collagen is synthesized by chondrocytes from regions of hypertrophy and not by chondrocytes from other regions (Capasso, O., G. Tajana, and R. Cancedda, 1984, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:1163-1168; Schmid, T. M., and T. F. Linsenmayer, 1985, Dev. Biol. 107:375-381). To investigate further the relationship between differentiation of endochondral chondrocytes and type X collagen synthesis we have developed a novel culture system for chondrocytes from 29-31-stage chick embryo tibiae. At the beginning of the culture these chondrocytes are small and synthesize type II and not type X collagen, but when grown on agarose-coated dishes they further differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes that synthesize type X collagen. The synthesis of type X collagen has been monitored in cultured cells by analysis of labeled collagens and in vitro translation of mRNAs. When the freshly dissociated chondrocytes are plated in anchorage-permissive dishes, most of the cells attach and dedifferentiate, as revealed by their fibroblastic morphology. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes, after several passages, can still reexpress the differentiated phenotype and continue their development to hypertrophic, type X collagen-synthesizing chondrocytes. Hypertrophic chondrocytes, when plated in anchorage permissive dishes, attach, maintaining the differentiated phenotype, and continue the synthesis of type X collagen.
Water soluble star block poly(oxazoline) with porphyrin label: a unique emulsion and its shape direction (2004)

Water soluble star polymers consisting of a porphyrin center and four poly(oxazolines) arms such as Por-[poly(methyloxazoline)]4 (1), Por-[poly(ethyloxazoline)]4 (2), Por-[poly(methyloxazoline-co-ethyloxazoline)]4 (3) and Por-[poly(methyloxazoline)-b-poly(ethyloxazoline)]4 (4) were synthesized and used for the investigation of their unusual behavior in a water–chloroform medium. Thanks to the porphyrin color label, we were easily able to visualize that the color in the water in which the star 2 with the poly(ethyloxazoline) (PEOX) arm was dissolved was transferred to the chloroform as a small amount of chloroform was added to the water solution. In contrast, the color in the chloroform was transferred to the water phase in case of the star 1 with poly(methyloxazoline) (PMOX) arms. Using UV-Vis and 1H NMR protocols, we demonstrated that the star 1 with PMOX arms is more easily soluble in water than in chloroform, but the star 2 having PEOX arms is more easily soluble in chloroform than in water. As a reflection of such contrasting solubilities of PMOX and PEOX, the star 4 consisting of PMOZ-b-PEOZ resulted in water-in-chloroform (W/O) and chloroform-in-water (O/W) emulsions bearing porphyrin residues. In these emulsions, the PMOX block towards water and the PEOX block carrying the porphyrin residues towards chloroform. The emulsions were stable in shape and were used as templates in the sol–gel reaction of TEOS to give poly(oxazoline)–silica hybrid hollow spheres embedding a photofunctional porphyrin.
Funding the future of global health: A medical student perspective (2020)

As students from the Penn State College of Medicine (PSCOM) who are engaged in medical research projects in Ecuador, Kenya, Ethiopia and Peru, we recognize we are at a defining crossroad in global health; yet, our voices are seldom invited into public debate. For decades, global health has been synonymous with prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis; today, however, the disease burden is shifting toward non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and future physicians will face the likelihood of having to make difficult decisions about the distribution of the scarce resources devoted to health care.1 The 2011 United Nations General Assembly Summit on Non-Communicable Diseases sparked a debate when members proposed increased funding for NCDs without acknowledging the negative impact such allocations would have on funding for preventing and treating infectious diseases.1 With our future careers and past experiences in mind, students from PSCOM have explored this conflict in depth and concluded that it is critical that we fight for continued funding of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).
Electrical Properties of Bone (1984)

A review of the available data on the electrical properties (resistance, capacitance, dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, and dissipation factor, etc.) of whole as well as standardized bone specimens suggest that impedance was lowest in the longitudinal direction and highest in the radial direction. This is further evidence of the anisotropic nature of bone. The electrical properties of fully hydrated bone were significantly different from those of dry and partially wet bone and these properties were highly frequency-dependent. Other variables that influence the electrical properties, such as moisture content, principles and methods of measurement, temperature, and pH and conductivity of the immersing fluid, etc., have also been reviewed. Delineation of these variables is important in reporting test results on the electrical properties of bone; only then can the data on different electrical properties of bone reported by various authors be compared. Future research is needed to characterize the effect of age, microstructure, mineral content, and various disease processes on the electrical properties of bone. Such information may lead to new insight on the role of electrical properties on bone remodeling. An understanding of the electrical behavior of bone is also important for the design of electrical stimulation devices and their proper use for maximum osteogenic effect.
An embedded cryptosystem for digital broadcasting (2002)

Current day multimedia systems require secure, reliable and fast data transfer. Conventional cryptographic systems attempt to encrypt the entire data directly, thereby requiring significant computation and noise free channels. This makes existing methods less attractive for real time broadcasting. Spread spectrum techniques offer good noise immunity over multiple access channels. We propose a new scheme that embeds a public key cryptosystem inside a spread spectrum framework to achieve security and noise immunity suitable for real time applications. Further, the encryption complexity of our scheme is independent of the volume of data broadcast since the data is not encrypted directly. We also introduce a novel multilevel spreading technique which overcomes the security limitations of bipolar spreading and provides a means of countering the effects of channel noise.
Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Alters Resistance to<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex Infection in Mice (1998)

ABSTRACT Increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) appears to play an important role in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease. One treatment strategy being explored is the use of TNF-α inhibitors. TNF-α also appears to be important in conferring resistance to infections, and the inhibition of this cytokine may exacerbate the emergence of opportunistic pathogens, such as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). The present study examines the possibility that inhibition of TNF-α will increase the progression of disease in mice infected with MAC. C57BL/6 beige ( bg/bg ) mice have been shown to be highly susceptible to infection with MAC and are routinely used for testing of antimycobacterial drugs. However, bg/bg mice are known to exhibit impaired phagocyte and natural killer cell function. Since these cell types are important sources of TNF-α, the susceptibility of the bg/bg strain to infection with MAC was compared with those of the heterozygous ( bg /+) and wild-type (+/+) strains of C57BL/6 mice. The susceptibilities of the bg/bg and bg /+ strains of mice infected with MAC were found to be comparable. The +/+ strain was the least susceptible. Mycobacterial burden and serum TNF-α levels increased over time in all the strains of mice tested. The bg /+ strain of C57BL/6 mice was then chosen to measure the activity of TNF-α antagonists. Treatment with dexamethasone decreased serum TNF-α levels and increased mycobacterial burden. Treatment with anti-TNF-α antibody or pentoxifylline did not significantly alter serum TNF-α levels but increased mycobacterial burden. Treatment with thalidomide neither consistently altered mycobacterial burden in the spleens or livers of infected mice nor affected serum TNF-α levels.
Microelectrodes with three-dimensional structures for improved neural interfacing (2005)

This paper describes the development of microelectrodes with integrated three-dimensional electrode structures. The integration of three-dimensional structures aims at an improvement of the electrode/tissue interface. Due to the increase in surface area the electrode impedance is reduced, while the density of microelectrodes per area remains the same as with flat electrodes. Two different types of electrodes have been developed: Flexible, implantable microelectrodes with pyramidal, protruding structures and tip-shaped electrode arrays on glass substrates. The protrusion heights of the electrode sites can easily be adjusted depending on the actual application. For the flexible structures we used a polyimide-based process to fabricate microelectrodes with sharp or flat pyramidal tips and with electrode arrangements on front and backside of the devices. The tip-shaped electrode arrays were fabricated from a glass substrate by isotropic wet chemical etching and subsequent metallization and passivation. Data from impedance measurements and acute brain slice recordings indicate a considerable improvement regarding electrode impedance and obtainable signal strength.
Mood and Weather: Feeling the Heat? (2021)

The notion that weather plays a significant role in determininga person’s mood is empirically beyond doubt, but quantifyingthe relationship on a large scale has traditionally beenhampered by difficulties in measuring people’s sentiments. Inthis paper we present the relationship between weather andthe U.S. residents’ sentiments from Twitter data and nationwidemeteorological records. We measure how temperature,humidity, and atmospheric pressure correlate with people’smoods, demonstrating the potential of large-scale online datain humanities fields such as psychology. We also providethese results with infographics, which can help the public understandscientific results easily.
Fully Automatic Face Recognition from 3D Videos (2012)

Almost all of the existing research on 3D face recognition is based on static 3D images. 3D videos are believed to provide more information in terms of both the shape as well as the dynamics of an individual's face. This paper presents a system which exploits the spatiotemporal information in 3D videos for the task of face recognition. An algorithm for automatic normalization of raw 3D videos is also given. After the detection of the nose tip, all meshes of the 3D video are cropped and uniformly sampled to form range videos. Spatiotemporal Local Binary Pattern (LBP) descriptors are used for feature extraction from the range videos. For classification, a linear multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used. The system is trained on videos of a person with different facial expressions and tested on a video with new facial expression. Experimental results on the largest currently available 3D video database, BU 4DFE, show a high recognition rate of 92.68%.
Femtosecond laser ablation and deposition of metal films on transparent substrates with applications in photomask repair (2005)

We describe experiments using ultrashort pulses of laser light to ablatively remove opaque and partially transmitting materials from transparent substrates. Pulses of 100 femtosecond duration at a wavelength of 266 nm were used to repair defects on photomasks used in lithographic printing of integrated circuits, with better than 100 nm spatial resolution. Details of the development and implementation of a photomask repair tool, presently operating in manufacturing, which exploits the advantages of ablation with femtosecond pulses, are presented. We further describe experiments where pulses of 400 nm light were used to photolytically deposit Cr metal with better than 200 nm resolution. Finally we describe a gas phase 35 femtosecond laser source used to extend this approach to ablative mask repair at 193 nm.
Superresolution and Fluorescence Dynamics Evidence Reveal That Intact Liposomes Do Not Cross the Human Skin Barrier (2016)

In this study we use the combination of super resolution optical microscopy and raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) to study the mechanism of action of liposomes as transdermal drug delivery systems in human skin. Two different compositions of liposomes were applied to newly excised human skin, a POPC liposome and a more flexible liposome containing the surfactant sodium cholate. Stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) images of intact skin and cryo-sections of skin treated with labeled liposomes were recorded displaying an optical resolution low enough to resolve the 100 nm liposomes in the skin. The images revealed that virtually none of the liposomes remained intact beneath the skin surface. RICS two color cross correlation diffusion measurements of double labeled liposomes confirmed these observations. Our results suggest that the liposomes do not act as carriers that transport their cargo directly through the skin barrier, but mainly burst and fuse with the outer lipid layers of the stratum corneum. It was also found that the flexible liposomes showed a greater delivery of the fluorophore into the stratum corneum, indicating that they functioned as chemical permeability enhancers.
Aptamer-conjugated, fluorescent gold nanorods as potential cancer theradiagnostic agents (2015)

GNRs are emerging as a new class of probes for theradiagnostic applications thanks to their unique optical properties. However, the achievement of proper nanoconstructs requires the synthesis of highly pure GNRs with well-defined aspect ratio (AR), in addition to extensive surface chemistry modification to provide them with active targeting and, possibly, multifunctionality. In this work, we refined the method of the seed mediated growth and developed a robust procedure for the fabrication of GNRs with specific AR. We also revealed and characterized unexplored aging phenomena that follow the synthesis and consistently alter GNRs' final AR. Such advances appreciably improved the feasibility of GNRs fabrication and offered useful insights on the growth mechanism. We next produced fluorescent, biocompatible, aptamer-conjugated GNRs by performing ligand exchange followed by bioconjugation to anti-cancer oligonucleotide AS1411. In vitro studies showed that our nanoconstructs selectively target cancer cells while showing negligible cytotoxicity. As a result, our aptamer-conjugated GNRs constitute ideal cancer-selective multifunctional probes and promising candidates as photothermal therapy agents.
Biological Principles and Processes (1971)

Biological principles and processes , Biological principles and processes , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
The amino acid sequence of a 20 kDa bifunctional subtilisin/α‐amylase inhibitor from brain of rice (<i>Oryza saliva</i> L.) seeds (1992)

A 20 kDa bifunctional inhibitor of the microbial proteinase, subtilisin, and the alpha-amylase from the larvae of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) was purified from bran of rice seeds by saline extraction, precipitation with ammonium sulphate, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose and Toyopearl CM-650, and preparative HPLC on Vydac C18. The complete primary structure was determined by automatic degradation of the intact, reduced and S-alkylated protein, and by manual DABITC/PITC micro-sequencing of peptides obtained from the protein following separate enzymic digestions with trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and the protease from S. aureus V8. The protein sequence, which contained 176 residues, showed strong homology with similar bifunctional inhibitors previously isolated from wheat and barley which are related to the Kunitz family of proteinase inhibitors from legume seeds.
Liposomes: Technologies and Analytical Applications (2008)

Liposomes are structurally and functionally some of the most versatile supramolecular assemblies in existence. Since the beginning of active research on lipid vesicles in 1965, the field has progressed enormously and applications are well established in several areas, such as drug and gene delivery. In the analytical sciences, liposomes serve a dual purpose: Either they are analytes, typically in quality-assessment procedures of liposome preparations, or they are functional components in a variety of new analytical systems. Liposome immunoassays, for example, benefit greatly from the amplification provided by encapsulated markers, and nanotube-interconnected liposome networks have emerged as ultrasmall-scale analytical devices. This review provides information about new developments in some of the most actively researched liposome-related topics.
[Rohypnol poisoning as a cause of postanesthetic coma and the success of 4-aminopyridine therapy]. (1984)

In a 20 year old female nurse prolonged recovery (4 hours) unexpectedly followed to Rohypnol intoxication, the oral intake of which was realised only in the later period of postanaesthetic coma. Naloxone and physostigmine failed to achieve improvement but 4-aminopyridine was immediately successful.
Theory of transport in nanofluidic channels with moderately thin electrical double layers: Effect of the wall potential modulation on solutions of symmetric and asymmetric electrolytes (2005)

Electrokinetic phenomena play an important role for the transport in submicrometer-size channels since the electric double layers formed at the walls can occupy a substantial part of the channel volume. This presents a theoretical difficulty and specific problems are usually treated numerically or not comprehensively. In our work we present a theoretical model that allows one to obtain analytical expressions for the transport of fluid (electro-osmotic flow), ions (electric current), and dissolved charged molecules (analytes). The model is based on the weak double layer approximation and has a wide range of validity. An important feature of this theoretical approach is that it is applicable not only to symmetric but also to asymmetric 2:1 and 1:2 electrolytes which exhibit very interesting properties in nanoscale channels. The possibility of affecting the wall electrokinetic zeta potential by applying a transverse voltage bias is analyzed. This transverse bias is used in an attempt to control the transport in the channel and such devices are often called "fluidic field-effect transistors." Our model quantifies the effect of the voltage bias on the zeta potential of the channel wall and therefore can be used for prediction of transport and optimization of separations in such fluidic devices.
A method for assessing the root-colonizing capacity of bacteria on maize (1984)

A closed test tube assay was developed for measuring the root colonization capacity of bacteria in raw soil–sand. Bacteria were coated onto seeds at inoculum levels of 10 3 – 10 9 colony-forming units (cfu) per seed, and root-colonizing bacterial strains successfully grew along the emerging radicle. Quantification of specific bacterial populations on roots was highly reproducible between experiments with the assay. Of 54 strains tested, 24 colonized roots at populations of 10 4 to 10 6 cfu/g root. All root-colonizing strains were Gram negative. Two fluorescent pseudomonad strains that failed to colonize maize roots in raw soil did colonize in autoclaved soil. Captan seed treatment and temperature of incubation (14 and 24 °C) had no substantial effect on subsequent root colonization. Root population densities determined in the sand–soil assay were comparable with those determined with plants grown in soils under greenhouse conditions.