gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable Preclinical Recommendations (2009)

The initial Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) recommendations published in 1999 were intended to improve the quality of preclinical studies of purported acute stroke therapies. Although recognized as reasonable, they have not been closely followed nor rigorously validated. Substantial advances have occurred regarding the appropriate quality and breadth of preclinical testing for candidate acute stroke therapies for better clinical translation. The updated STAIR preclinical recommendations reinforce the previous suggestions that reproducibly defining dose response and time windows with both histological and functional outcomes in multiple animal species with appropriate physiological monitoring is appropriate. The updated STAIR recommendations include: the fundamentals of good scientific inquiry should be followed by eliminating randomization and assessment bias, a priori defining inclusion/exclusion criteria, performing appropriate power and sample size calculations, and disclosing potential conflicts of interest. After initial evaluations in young, healthy male animals, further studies should be performed in females, aged animals, and animals with comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Another consideration is the use of clinically relevant biomarkers in animal studies. Although the recommendations cannot be validated until effective therapies based on them emerge from clinical trials, it is hoped that adherence to them might enhance the chances for success.
Application of power compensating concept for high efficiency maximum power point tracking in grid-connected photovoltaic system (2010)

High efficiency is one of the most important requirements for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Power compensating concept promises high efficiency maximum power point (MPP) tracking and hence improves the efficiency of the whole PV systems. In this paper, the compensating concept in grid-connected PV systems with kinds of power architectures was summarized. It was found that even with the compensating concept, the efficiency requirement of the converter dedicated for the realization of the compensating concept, which was defined as the photovoltaic regulator (PVR), never relaxed. However, obvious efficiency advancement comes true when high efficiency topology, such as phase-shifted-full-bridge (PSFB), is adopted as the PVR. A 98% high efficiency MPP tracking was achieved for a 240 W PV panel by using the compensating concept where a 200 kHz operated PSFB was adopted as the 85 W PVR.
Chromatic confocal spectral interferometry (CCSI) (2006)

In this paper, we report on the recent development of a novel low coherence interferometry technique for the purpose of 3D-topography measurements. It combines the well established techniques of spectral-interferometry (SI) and chromatic-confocal microscopy (CCM). Measuring the optical interference in the spectral-domain allows for the detection of a reflecting or scattering object's depth position, without the necessity of a mechanical axial-scan. Focusing the white-light detection field with a microscope objective combined with a diffractive optical element leads to an expansion of the axial-range of the sensor beyond the limited depth-of-focus, imposed by the numerical aperture (NA) of the focusing objective. Focusing with a high NA objective and confocally filtering the detection light field causes the reduction of the lateral dimension of the area sampled upon the object. By this, the lateral resolution of the sensor is enhanced and due to the high NA, a high light collection-efficiency is achieved as well. The attained interferometric signals consist of high-contrast wavelets, measured in the optical-frequency domain. The depth position of an investigated point of the object is given by the modulation-period of the wavelets. Therefore, unlike in CCM, positionwavelength referencing is not necessary.
Disease Risks Associated with Increasing Feral Swine Numbers and Distribution in the United States (2006)

Feral hogs or “wild boars” come from several sources and include released or escaped domestic swine and the truly wild European boar. When free-roaming in North America, all are included in the term “feral swine,” as are hybrids of the two types. Although morphologically distinct, both the feral swine and European wild swine are recognized as Sus scrofa. The physical damage caused by feral swine has been well documented and includes damage to vehicles, vineyards, tree plantings, archaeological sites, agricultural crops, turf, soils, rare plant communities, and wildlife habitat (Seward et al. 2004). In addition they compete with livestock and native wildlife for food resources; prey on domestic animals and wildlife; and carry diseases that affect pets, livestock, wildlife and people (Seward et al. 2004). Texas, the state with the largest feral hog population, reports the annual damage to agriculture at $51.8 million (Adams et al. 2005). The total damage caused by feral swine in the United States is estimated to be approximately $800 million annually (Pimentel et al. 2000). This estimate is approximate, and probably conservative, because environmental damage costs attributable to feral swine are not easily quantified nor are the costs of potential disease outbreaks.
Study on Method of Digital/Analog Hybrid Simulation for the Ultra-High Voltage Grid (2008)

For the feasibility study of planning UHV (Ultra-High Voltage) AC/DC hybrid grid, real time simulation test using digital/analog hybrid simulator should be implemented other than offline simulation. The digital/analog hybrid simulator includes digital models, analog simulator, and interface devices. Limited by the testing equipment, dynamic-equivalent should be accomplished first for the grid to be studied. After the parameter proportion between simulation system and real system has been confirmed, the digital/analog hybrid simulation models should be built in term of the reduced grid, then the study on the characteristic and mechanism of AC/DC hybrid grid can be implemented. Exampled by the project of "real-time simulation research on the UHVDC feasibility of Jinshajiang phase I and Jinping power transmission", the digital/analog hybrid simulation model of the planed UHV, AC/DC hybrid grid will be introduced, then the conclusion of the test will be given. With the development of modern computer and information technology, full-digital real time simulation technology has great development. Limited by the simulation speed and precision for HVDC system, the full-digital real time simulator can not fully replace digital/analog simulator. So the improved digital/analog hybrid method was brought forward. To integrate the full-digital real time simulation technology and HVDC analog simulation technology, new hybrid interface should be developed, which will enhance the ability for the study of big scale AC/DC hybrid network.
CMA manufacture II: Improved bacterial strain for acetate production: Final report (1986)

Three homoacetogenic anaerobic thermophilic bacteria, Clostridium thermoaceticum, Clostridium thermoautotrophicum, and Acetogenium kivui, were evaluated for possible use in an industrial fermentative process to manufacture calcium, magnesium acetate (CMA) from hydrolyzed corn starch and dolime. The hydrolyzed corn starch is fermented by the bacteria with a theoretical yield of about 90%. Improved bacterial strains were obtained from the clostridial bacteria but not from A. kivui. In fermentations with improved bacterial strains using dolime to neutralize the produced acetic acid, up to 150 g/liter of CMA was produced, however, the production rate was only about 12 g/liter per 24 hours. Batch fermentation, continuous fermentation with and without cell-recycling and continuous fermentation with a new type of rotating fermentor were tested. Economic evaluation of the results indicate that CMA can be produced for $0.24/lb. The rotating fermentor device was developed at the end of the contract period. With it a production rate of almost 10 g/liter an hour was obtained, however, the concentration of acetate in the harvested fermentation broth was only 1 percent. Further research should lead to the development of an economic fermentation process for CMA. 38 refs., 10 figs., 34 tabs.
The complete genome sequence of the Streptomyces temperate phage  C31: evolutionary relationships to other viruses (1999)

The completed genome sequence of the temperate Streptomyces phage straight phiC31 is reported. straight phiC31 contains genes that are related by sequence similarities to several other dsDNA phages infecting many diverse bacterial hosts, including Escherichia, Arthrobacter, Mycobacterium, Rhodobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus. These observations provide further evidence that dsDNA phages from diverse bacterial hosts are related and have had access to a common genetic pool. Analysis of the late genes was particularly informative. The sequences of the head assembly proteins (portal, head protease and major capsid) were conserved between straight phiC31, coliphage HK97, staphylococcal phage straight phiPVL, two Rhodobacter capsulatus prophages and two Mycobacterium tuberculosis prophages. These phages and prophages (where non-defective) from evolutionarily diverse hosts are, therefore, likely to share a common head assembly mechanism i.e. that of HK97. The organisation of the tail genes in straight phiC31 is highly reminiscent of tail regions from other phage genomes. The unusual organisation of the putative lysis genes in straight phiC31 is discussed, and speculations are made as to the roles of some inessential early gene products. Similarities between certain phage gene products and eukaryotic dsDNA virus proteins were noted, in particular, the primase/helicases and the terminases (large subunits). Furthermore, the complete sequence clarifies the overall transcription map of the phage during lytic growth and the positions of elements involved in the maintenance of lysogeny.
Interleukin 1: an important mediator of host resistance against Pneumocystis carinii. (1992)

The importance of endogenous interleukin 1 (IL-1) in resistance to Pneumocystis carinii infection was examined in a SCID mouse model. Naturally acquired pulmonary infection of P. carinii in SCID mice was completely cleared by reconstitution of the infected mice with immunocompetent spleen cells. IL-1 activity in the lung homogenate supernatant of these mice increased significantly after reconstitution and returned to baseline level after the clearance of P. carinii. Treatment of reconstituted SCID mice with 35F5, a monoclonal antibody against murine type I IL-1R almost completely inhibited the clearance of P. carinii. In contrast, treatment with control rat immunoglobulin G had no detectable effect. Further study revealed that for the complete clearance of P. carinii, IL-1 must be present at the early stage of immune responses induced by reconstitution, since clearance could be blocked by a single injection of 35F5 into SCID mice at 2 d, but not at either 8 or 13 d postreconstitution. Furthermore, pulmonary recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes was significantly inhibited in mice that received 35F5 treatment. These findings strongly suggest that, in reconstituted SCID mice, endogenous IL-1 is important in host resistance to P. carinii infection and that IL-1 may function early in the host response possibly by the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the lungs.
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in the mediastinum: long-term survival animal experiments in transesophageal access, including minor surgical procedures (2007)

Transmural esophageal incision and endoscopic partial mediastinoscopy including therapeutic procedures on the heart or mediastinum proved feasible in long-term survival animal studies. Clip closure of the defect was effective, but did not close the esophageal muscle layer. Other means such as endoscopic suturing appear to be preferable.
Performance Metric Selection for Autonomic Anomaly Detection on Cloud Computing Systems (2011)

With ever-growing complexity and dynamicity of cloud computing systems, dependability assurance has become a major concern in system design and management. In this paper, we propose a framework for autonomic anomaly detection in the cloud. Mutual information is exploited to quantify the relevance and redundancy among the large number of performance metrics. An incremental search algorithm is presented for metric selection. We apply principal component analysis to further reduce the metric dimension, while keeping the variance in the health- related data as much as possible. A detection mechanism with semi-supervised decision tree classifiers works on the reduce metric dimensionality and identifies anomalies. We have implemented a prototype of our autonomic anomaly detection framework and evaluated its performance on an institute-wide cloud computing system.
Miniaturizing the axial mode helical antenna (2008)

The helical antenna can be made significantly smaller with little sacrifice in its most desirable properties. We propose here a method for reducing the size of helical antennas, and demonstrate its efficacy on a fairly typical antenna with a low number of turns (N = 6). After investigating several methods, we demonstrate that by introducing a periodic sinusoidal pattern along the helix and reducing the radius, height and pitch, the volume of the antenna can be reduced by more than 6 times. A surprising effect, pitch desensitization, which aids in miniaturization is also demonstrated and studied. Further, it is demonstrated that the dependence of some antenna characteristics on pitch can be replaced by a dependence on patterning parameters, allowing for more design space when choosing the geometric dimensions of the antenna.
Combination of model-free and model-based analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI for breast cancer diagnosis (2008)

Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) is the leading technique in magnetic resonance imaging for cancer detection and diagnosis. However, there are large variations in the reported sensitivity and specificity of this method that result from the wide range of contrast-enhanced MRI sequences and protocols, image processing methods, and interpretation criteria. Analysis methods can be divided to physiological based models that take into account the vascular and tissue specific features that influence tracer perfusion, and to model free algorithms that decompose enhancement patterns in order to segment and classify different tissue types. Inhere we present a general hybrid method for analyzing dynamic contrast enhanced images integrating a mathematical, model-free technique with a model derived approach that characterizes tissue microvasculature function. We demonstrate the application of the method for breast cancer diagnosis. A brief description of this approach was recently presented for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The model free method employed principal component analysis and yielded eigen-vectors of which two were relevant for characterizing breast malignancy. The physiological relevance of the two eigen-vectors was revealed by a quantitative correlation with the model based three time point technique. Projection maps of the eigen-vector that specifically related to the wash-out rate of the contrast agent depicted with high accuracy breast cancer. Overall, this hybrid method is fast, standardized, and yields parametric images characterizing tissue microvascular function. It can improve breast cancer detection and be potentially extended as a computer-aided tool for the detection and diagnosis of other cancers.
Optimization of laminate stacking sequence for buckling load maximization by genetic algorithm (1993)

The use of a genetic algorithm to optimize the stacking sequence of a composite laminate for buckling load maximization is studied. Various genetic parameters including the population size, the probability of mutation, and the probability of crossover are optimized by numerical experiments. A new genetic operator - permutation - is proposed and shown to be effective in reducing the cost of the genetic search. Results are obtained for a graphite-epoxy plate, first when only the buckling load is considered, and then when constraints on ply contiguity and strain failure are added. The influence on the genetic search of the penalty parameter enforcing the contiguity constraint is studied. The advantage of the genetic algorithm in producing several near-optimal designs is discussed.
Initial Deposition Behavior of Electroless Nickel on Glass Substrate. (2002)

Initial deposition rate and appearance of deposited nickel on glass are measured to realize the role of a complexing agent in the electroless plating bath.We evaluated carboxylic acids, hydro carboxylic acids and amino acids as complexing agent.Among these complexing agents, carboxylic acids and hydro carboxylic acids indicated an acceleration effect and amino acids showed a retardation effect on the plating rate.Deposited nickel particles are agglomerated ranging from 10 to 30nm in the early deposition stages.Glycine among the complexing agents showed the smallest particle sizes in the initial deposition stages and nickel was uniformly deposited and distributed on glass.Therefore, this may lead the improvement of the adhesion strength of deposited nickel on glass.
Fuzzy ART neural network approach for incipient fault detection and isolation in rotating machines (2002)

A neural network approach for online detection and isolation of faults in rotating machines is proposed. The methodology is based on clustering of shaft vibration monitoring data by using fuzzy ART neural networks. Fault isolation is obtained by retrieving stored associations among known physical faults and clusters. The proposed scheme is implemented to detect and isolate different operation modes in an hydro generator.
Analysis of operational speed and scaling down the pixel size of a charge modulation device (CMD) image sensor (1991)

In a previous paper, the authors (ibid., vol.38, pp.989-998, May 1991) clarified the operational mechanism of a charge modulation device (CMD) image sensor and confirmed that numerical calculations using the transistor analysis program for imagers calculating non-steady-state equations (TRINE) predicted the actual performance of a CMD imager within a 20% discrepancy. Following these results, the scaling-down of device dimensions and the inherent operational speed are estimated using TRINE in order to realize a future high-resolution CMD image sensor. The analysis shows that a device size of 5.0 mu m (H)*5.2 mu m (V) is attainable without degrading the performance of the 10.2 mu m (H)*10.4 mu m (V) CMD imager and that the operational speed of a CMD is fast enough for a high-definition TV (HDTV) application which requires a scan rate of several tens of nanoseconds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Herpes simplex virus 1 alpha regulatory protein ICP0 interacts with and stabilizes the cell cycle regulator cyclin D3 (1997)

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infected-cell protein 0 (ICP0) has the characteristics of a promiscuous transactivator of genes introduced into cells by infection or transfection. To identify cellular proteins interacting with ICP0, we used a domain of exon II of ICP0 that is known to be crucial for regulatory function of the protein as bait in the yeast two-hybrid screen. Our results were as follows. (i) A cDNA in a positive yeast colony was found to encode cyclin D3, a cell cycle regulator of G1 phase. (ii) A purified chimeric protein consisting of glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to cyclin D3 specifically formed complexes with ICP0 contained in HSV-1-infected cell lysate. (iii) To enhance the expression of cyclin D3, the gene was inserted into the viral genome and overexpressed in infected cells. The overexpressed cyclin D3 colocalized with ICP0 in nuclear structures characteristic of ND10 and which earlier have been reported to contain ICP0. (iv) The accumulation of cyclin D3 protein in Vero cells infected with an alpha0 deletion mutant was reduced relative to that of cells infected with wild-type virus or a recombinant virus in which the deleted alpha0 sequences were restored. (v) Lysates of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells doubly infected with baculoviruses genetically engineered to express cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) phosphorylated GST fused to retinoblastoma protein (GST-pRb) but did not phosphorylate the GST-alpha0(20-241) or GST-alpha0(543-768) fusion protein or immunoprecipitated ICP0 proteins. Moreover, the chimeric GST-ICP0(exon II) protein shown to bind cyclin D3 had no effect on the activity of the kinase on GST-pRb when added to mixtures of lysates of Sf9 cells which coexpressed cyclin D3 and CDK4. These results indicate that ICP0 interacts with, colocalizes with, and stabilizes the cyclin D3 cell cycle regulator and does not affect its interaction with the cyclin-dependent kinase.
Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones by the Acetone Powder of<i>Geotrichum</i><i>c</i><i>andidum</i> (1998)

Aromatic ketones, β-keto esters, and simple aliphatic ketones were reduced with excellent selectivity to the corresponding (S)-alcohols by using the acetone powder of Geotrichum candidum. This method is superior in reactivity and stereoselectivity to reduction by the whole-cell. The experimental conditions for the reduction system such as ratio of the biocatalyst to the substrate, kinds of coenzymes, alcohol for coenzyme regeneration, and buffer, pH, and reaction temperature were investigated, and stability and preservability of the biocatalyst were also examined. This method is very convenient for the synthesis of optically pure alcohols on a gram scale.
The biology and pathobiology of Schwann cells (1997)

The most common forms of inherited demyelinating neuropathy in humans are caused by mutations in the genes encoding protein zero, peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa, and connexin32, all of which are expressed by myelinating Schwann cells and are components of the myelin sheath. The phenotype of myelinating Schwann cells depends on the maintenance of axon-Schwann cell interactions, because axonal degeneration also leads to the breakdown of the myelin sheath and dedifferentiation of the previously myelinating cells into 'denervated' Schwann cells, which are essential for axonal regeneration. Several transcription factors have been shown to play critical roles in regulating the phenotype of Schwann cells, including SCIP/tst-1/Oct-6 and Krox-20, both of which are required for the normal development of the myelinating phenotype.
A survey of convergence results on particle filtering methods for practitioners (2002)

Optimal filtering problems are ubiquitous in signal processing and related fields. Except for a restricted class of models, the optimal filter does not admit a closed-form expression. Particle filtering methods are a set of flexible and powerful sequential Monte Carlo methods designed to. solve the optimal filtering problem numerically. The posterior distribution of the state is approximated by a large set of Dirac-delta masses (samples/particles) that evolve randomly in time according to the dynamics of the model and the observations. The particles are interacting; thus, classical limit theorems relying on statistically independent samples do not apply. In this paper, our aim is to present a survey of convergence results on this class of methods to make them accessible to practitioners.