gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification from black widow spider venom of a protein factor causing the depletion of synaptic vesicles at neuromuscular junctions. (1976)

The aqueous extract of the venom glands of black widow spiders was fractionated on a column of Sephadex G-200 and then on a column of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 pH 8.2. A protein fraction was obtained that caused a great increase in the frequency of occurrence of miniature end plate potentials at the frog neuromuscular junction, and caused swelling of the nerve terminals and depleted them of their vesicles. The fraction consists of a least four protein components that are similar in their molecular weights (about 130,000) and isoelectric points (ranging from pH 5.2 to 5.5) and are immunologically indistinguishable. It contains no sugar residues and has little or no lipolytic or proteolytic activity. The fraction is toxic to mice and is different from the fractions that act on houseflies, the crayfish stretch receptor and the cockroach heart. It seems pure enough to warrant a detailed study of its site and mode of action.
Lithium-silylindolide als Precursor für 1,2-, 1,3-Bis(silyl)indole und Bis(indol-1,3-yl)silane (1999)

Lithium-indolid reagiert mit Difluorsilanen (F2SiR2: R = CHMe2 (1); CMe3 (2)) im Molverhältnis 2 : 1 zu Bis(indol-1-yl)silanen. 1-(Di-tert-Butylfluorsilyl)-3-(fluordiisopropylsilyl)indol (3) entsteht in der Reaktion von 1-(Di-tert-butylfluorsilyl)-3-lithium-indolid und F2Si(CHMe2)2. Im Molverhältnis 2 : 1 wird das Bis(1-di-tert-butylfluorsilyl-indol-3-yl)diisopropylsilan 4 erhalten und als Nebenprodukt Bis(1-di-tert-butylfluorsilyl-indol-3-yl)-dimethylmethan (5) isoliert. Eine THF-Spaltung und die Bildung von (Indol-1-yl)diisopropylvinyloxysilan (6) erfolgt in der Reaktion von 1-Diisopropylfluorsilylindol mit t-BuLi in THF. In einer anionischen 1,2-Silylgruppen-Wanderung entsteht 2-(Di-tert-butylfluorsilyl)-1-lithiumindolid (7) aus 1-(Di-tert-butylfluorsilyl)indol und n-BuLi/TMEDA. 7 hydrolysiert unter Bildung des 2-(Di-tert-butylfluorsilyl)indol (8). In der Reaktion von 7 mit F2Si(CHMe2)2 wird das 1-(Diisopropylfluorsilyl)-2-(di-tert-butylfluorsilyl)indol (9) erhalten. (10) ist das Reaktionsprodukt aus F2Si(CHMe2)2, n-BuLi/TMEDA und Indol bei –70 °C. 3 reagiert mit Lithiumindolid zu 1-(Di-tert-butylfluorsilyl)indol-3-yl)indol-1-yl)-diisopropylsilan (11), dem ersten Vertreter dieser Substanzklasse. Das 1-(Diisopropyl(indol1-yl)silyl-3-dimethyl-(3,3-dimethylbutylsilyl)indol (12) wird aus der Reaktion von 1, F2SiMe2 und t-BuLi in THF isoliert. Die Kristallstrukturen von 2, 5 und 9 werden vorgestellt. Lithium-silylindolide as Precursor of 1,2-, 1,3-Bis(silyl)indoles and Bis(indole-1,3-yl)silane Lithium-indolide reacts with difluorosilanes (F2SiR2: R = CHMe2 (1); CMe3 (2)) in a molar ratio 2 : 1 with formation of bis(indole-1-yl)silanes. The 1-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)-3-(fluorodiisopropylsilyl)indole (3) is obtained in the reaction 1-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)-3-lithium-indolide and F2Si(CHMe2)2. In a molar ratio 2 : 1 the bis(1-di-tert-butylfluorosilyl-indole-3-yl)diisopropylsilane 4 is formed. As a byproduct bis(1-di-tert-butylfluorosilyl-indole-3-yl)dimethylmethane (5) is isolated. A cleavage of THF and the formation of (indole-1-yl)diisopropylvinyloxysilan (6) occurs in the reaction of 1-diisopropylfluorosilylindole with t-BuLi in THF. 1-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)indole reacts with n-BuLi/TMEDA accompanied by an 1,2-anionic silyl group migration to give the 2-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)-1-lithiumindolide 7. Hydrolysis of 7 gives the 2-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)indole (8). In the reaction of 7 with F2Si(CHMe2)2 the 1-(diisopropylfluorosilyl)-2-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)indole 9 is obtained. 1-n-Butyl-diisopropylsilylindole (10) is the product of the reaction of F2Si(CHMe2)2, n-BuLi/TMEDA and indole at –70 °C. Lithium-indolide reacts with 3 to give the 1-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)indole-3-yl)(indole-1-yl)-diisopropylsilane (11), the first example of this class of substances. In the reaction of 1, F2SiMe2, and t-BuLi in THF the 1-(diisopropyl(indole-1-yl)silyl)-3-dimethyl-(3.3-dimethylbutylsilyl)indole 12 is isolated. The crystal structures of 2, 5 and 9 are discussed.
The Arabidopsis NPR1 Protein Is a Receptor for the Plant Defense Hormone Salicylic Acid (2012)

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential hormone in plant immunity, but its receptor has remained elusive for decades. The transcriptional coregulator NPR1 is central to the activation of SA-dependent defense genes, and we previously found that Cys(521) and Cys(529) of Arabidopsis NPR1's transactivation domain are critical for coactivator function. Here, we demonstrate that NPR1 directly binds SA, but not inactive structural analogs, with an affinity similar to that of other hormone-receptor interactions and consistent with in vivo Arabidopsis SA concentrations. Binding of SA occurs through Cys(521/529) via the transition metal copper. Mechanistically, our results suggest that binding of SA causes a conformational change in NPR1 that is accompanied by the release of the C-terminal transactivation domain from the N-terminal autoinhibitory BTB/POZ domain. While NPR1 is already known as a link between the SA signaling molecule and defense-gene activation, we now show that NPR1 is the receptor for SA.
A facile synthesis of chiral bicyclic lactams utilized in the formation of chiral quaternary carbon compounds (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA facile synthesis of chiral bicyclic lactams utilized in the formation of chiral quaternary carbon compoundsA. I. Meyers, Bruce A. Lefker, Thomas J. Sowin, and Larry J. WestrumCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 17, 4243–4246Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00278a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00278a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views850Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human lymphocyte damage and phosphorylation of H2AX and ATM induced by γ-rays (2011)

Objective To investigate 60Co γ-ray induced damage in lymphocytes and the relationship between doses of 60Co γ-ray irradiation and the levels of phosphorylated H2AX and ATM.Methods Cells were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays in the range of 0-8 Gy.The levels of phosphorylated H2AX and ATM were detected by Western blot and FACScan,respectively.The micronucleus(MN)was analyzed by CB method to evaluate DNA damage.Results FACScan results showed the dose-effect relationship of γ-H2AX expression were linear.square at 0.5 h post-irradiation to different doses,and the fitting curve was shown as Y=3.96+11.29D-0.45D2.The level of phosphorylated ATM(p-ATM)was not changed significantly by using the same method.Western blot showed that p-ATM protein expression was significandy increased after irradiation compared with sham.irradiated group.The MN assay which represented DNA damage was sensitive to different doses.Conclusions γ-ray irradiation could induce the phosphorylation of H2AX and ATM,which may play an important role in indicating DNA damage.Both of H2AX and ATM have the potential as sensitive biomarker and biodosimeter for radiation damage.

Key words: 
60Co; γ-rays; Lymphocyte; γ-H2AX; ATM phosphorylation; Micmnucleus
<title>Improved Accuracy For An Optical Iterative Processor</title> (1983)

A scheme is introduced and experimentally demonstrated for increasing the accuracy of an optical implementation of matrix-vector multiplication. The system is configured in a feedback loop to iteratively solve simultaneous equations. The technique is based upon a binary expansion of the matrix which is convolved with the binary expansion of the vector. This is implemented optically by the outer product synthesis of matrix products using crossed acousto-optic cells and a strobed light source.
Prefix-preserving IP address anonymization: measurement-based security evaluation and a new cryptography-based scheme (2003)

Real-world traffic traces are crucial for Internet research, but only a very small percentage of traces collected are made public. One major reason why traffic trace owners hesitate to make the traces publicly available is the concern that confidential and private information may be inferred from the trace. We focus on the problem of anonymizing IP addresses in a trace. More specifically, we are interested in prefix-preserving anonymization in which the prefix relationship among IP addresses is preserved in the anonymized trace, making such a trace usable in situations where prefix relationships are important. The goal of our work is two fold. First, we develop a cryptography-based, prefix-preserving anonymization technique that is provably as secure as the existing well-known TCPdpriv scheme, and unlike TCPdpriv, provides consistent prefix-preservation in large scale distributed setting. Second, we evaluate the security properties inherent in all prefix-preserving IP address anonymization schemes (including TCPdpriv). Through the analysis of Internet backbone traffic traces, we investigate the effect of some types of attacks on the security of any prefix-preserving anonymization algorithm. We also derive results for the optimum manner in which an attack should proceed, which provides a bound on the effectiveness of attacks in general.
Biocomposite Implants Composed of Poly(Lactide‐ <i>co</i> ‐Glycolide)/β‐Tricalcium Phosphate: Systematic Review of Imaging, Complication, and Performance Outcomes (2016)

Level IV, systematic review of Level I-IV studies.
Targeting MED1 LxxLL Motifs for Tissue-Selective Treatment of Human Breast Cancer (2013)

Abstract : Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and a leading cause of death among Western women. Most breast cancers (75%) express ER-alpha, and antiestrogens have been widely used in their treatment. However, acquired resistance and unwanted side effects in other estrogen-responsive tissue such as uterus have greatly limited their use. The objective of this study to isolate RNA aptamers that specifically target the estrogen receptor interacting NR boxes/LxxLL motifs of the MED1 protein and test their efficacy on breast cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo by utilizing a pRNA nanodelivery system for tissue-selective therapy. In this funding period, we have further tested and optimized the RNA aptamers obtained by SELEX method, based on its structure and ability to inhibit breast cancer cell growth, migration and estrogen-dependent gene expression. Through these studies, we have obtained one most promising RNA aptamer that can specifically disrupt the ER/MED1 interaction. Importantly, this aptamer not only greatly inhibited breast cancer growth, migration and ER target gene expression in vitro, but also blocked tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model.
Inhibition of ascorbic acid transport in human neutrophils by glucose. (1992)

Because of the structural similarity between glucose and ascorbic acid, we investigated the effect of glucose on uptake and accumulation of ascorbic acid in isolated normal human neutrophils. Ascorbic acid accumulation was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection, in conjunction with liquid scintillation spectrometry. Ascorbic acid accumulation in neutrophils is mediated by a high and a low affinity transport activity. In neutrophils from different volunteers, glucose inhibited uptake and accumulation of ascorbic acid by both transport activities 3-9-fold. The mechanism of inhibition was different for each transport activity: inhibition of the high affinity transport activity was noncompetitive, while inhibition of the low affinity activity was competitive. Glucose-induced inhibition of both ascorbic acid transport activities occurred in neutrophils of all donors tested and was fully reversible. Although the mechanism of ascorbic acid accumulation appeared to be different than that for glucose transport, other monosaccharides and glucose transport inhibitors also inhibited ascorbic acid accumulation. These are the first data to suggest that ascorbic acid accumulation in neutrophils can be regulated by compounds of similar structure.
Reduced, Free and Total Fractions of Homocysteine and Other Thiol Compounds in Plasma from Patients with Renal Failure (1995)

The levels of different fractions of homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinylglycine were investigated in 17 patients on chronic hemodialysis, 9 patients with reduced renal function and 4 patients with nephrotic syndrome and compared with 14 healthy subjects. Total plasma homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinylglycine were increased in the patients with reduced renal function and in those on chronic hemodialysis. The free (non-protein-bound) forms of plasma homocysteine and cysteine were significantly increased in all groups of patients. The reduced forms of plasma homocysteine and cysteine were, however, not increased in any of the patient groups; on the contrary, reduced plasma homocysteine was significantly decreased in the group of patients with reduced renal function. These findings indicate that the plasma levels of reduced forms of the thiol compounds are relatively normal and do not merely mirror the elevation of the disulfide forms. The possible relation between homocysteine and increased atherogenesis in patients with renal failure is discussed.
Molecular Markers Associated with Maize Kernel Oil Concentration in an Illinois High Protein × Illinois Low Protein Cross (1994)

The Illinois Long Term Selection Strains offer a unique opportunity to investigate the quantitative genetic basis of kernel chemical traits. This study was conducted to determine the number and magnitude of quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing kernel oil concentration and kernel weight in a maize ( Zea mays L.) population derived from a cross of Illinois High Protein (IHP) × Illinois Low Protein (ILP). The parental strains had been divergently selected for protein concentration for 76 cycles, yet varied in oil concentration from 29 g kg −1 (ILP) to 54 g kg −1 (IHP) and in 300 kernel weight from 76.5 (ILP) to 41.1 g (IHP). One hundred polymorphic RFLP loci spaced throughout the maize genome were scored in a segregating population of 100 S 1 families. Kernel oil concentration and kernel weight were obtained from replicated field trials grown during 1990 and 1991. Significant (P < 0.05 level) QTL associations of 25 marker loci on chromosome arms with oil concentration and 18 marker loci on 10 chromosome arms with kernel weight were identified. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of identification of QTL for oil concentration in strains divergently selected for protein concentration for 76 cycles. Clusters of two or more marker loci in the same chromosomal region were significantly associated with oil concentration at four different chromosomal locations and with kernel weight at four chromosomal locations. The detection of relatively few clusters of marker loci associated with genomic regions controlling oil concentration suggests the development of high oil maize germplasm via RFLP marker‐assisted selection may be feasible.
Design of a tunable ultraviolet filter using metallodielectric photonic crystal (2007)

A theory to design a tunable ultraviolet filter using a 1-D metallodielectric photonic crystal composed of alternate layers of MgF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Co is proposed. It is possible to get different ranges of ultraviolet spectrum transmitted through the structure by varying the angle of incidence light. Due to high refractive index contrast in the present structure, regions of transmission separated by well-defined regions of high reflectivity (the photonic band gaps) are obtained with only 12 periods. The use of small number of periods in the present filter structure has advantages of small filter size, low weight and cost.
Cerebrum Repair with PHPMA Hydrogel Immobilized with Neurite-Promoting Peptides in Traumatic Brain Injury of Adult Rat Model (2003)

A poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (PHPMA) hydrogel immobilized with the neurite-promoting peptide sequence of xIKVAVx was synthesized and its structure was characterized. The PHPMA-IKVAV hydrogel displayed an interconnected porous structure. The ability of the hydrogel to support axonal outgrowth in the injured adult rats cerebrum cavity and to promote tissue regeneration was evaluated. After implantation for 4, 6, 12 and 18 weeks, the brain sections were processed for histological staining. The observations of the sections showed that the polymer hydrogel provided a structural, three-dimensional continuity across the defect and favoured reorganization of local wound-repair cells, angiogenesis and axonal growth into the hydrogel scaffold. Compared with the unmodified PHPMA hydrogel, the PHPMA-IKVAV hydrogel displayed greater ability to repair tissue defects in the cerebrum nervous system.
Subscriber distribution networks using compressed digital video (1992)

Emerging standards for highly compressed digital video create interesting possibilities for providing broadcast and switched video services over fiber in the subscriber loop. Experiments are reported which simulate transmission of 200-400 compressed digital video signals using conventional Fabry-Perot lasers and p-i-n diode lightwave receivers. In addition to featuring a robust, low-cost transmission system, compressed digital video networks can offer significant additional advantages, including provisioning of broadcast and switched-video services on a single optical carrier, offering remote service provisioning, and use of video line concentration to significantly reduce the number of switched-video access lines required on each fiber-loop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shape Selectivity of ZSM-5 Type Zeolite for Alkylation of Ethylbenzene with Ethanol (1988)

Abstract The alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethanol on ZSM-5 zeolites was studied at 673 K. The primary product in this alkylation on HZSM-5 catalyst was only p-diethylbenzene because of the transition-state selectivity. Therefore, the isomerization of p-diethylbenzene has to be restrained for the selective formation of p-diethylbenzene. The modified HZSM-5 catalysts with oxide of magnesium, phosphorus or boron showed much higher para-selectivity than the parent HZSM-5. The modification reduced not only the effective pore dimension of HZSM-5 but also the amount of strong acid sites. We claim that the absence of strong acid sites is necessary rather than the narrowness of pores for the suppression of the isomerization of p-diethylbenzene produced as a primary product.
WELDING PROCESSES FOR STAINLESS STEELS (1996)

The latest research and developments in the process of welding stainless steel are outlined.
<title>Retaining document format in OCR</title> (1994)

As OCR technology has improved, document formatting has become increasingly important to practical users of OCR. Detection and retention of document layout, text spacing, tabular data, font size and attributes, and graphical data are becoming new requirements of OCR systems. At the same time we recognize that document format retention is most important to a subset of OCR users.
Disorders of wound healing (1980)

Abstract The healing wound offers a variety of potential end results. The surgeon's responsibility is to define what he wants and then arrange to get it. History has proved that technical improvements can eliminate disorders such as dehiscence and incisional hernias. Technical improvements should diminish the frequency of failed tendon repairs. When the author first became interested in wound healing and was asked to consult about a poorly healing wound, he could only offer the ideas that ascorbic acid might be given and that nutrition in some nonspecific way might be increased. Now, it is an unusual wound that cannot be made to heal in one way or another; wounds that cannot be made to heal are almost always a result of severe regional ischemia with or without osteoradionecrosis. Even moderately severe osteoradionecrosis can now be expected to heal by supplying the major deficiency consequent upon vascular damage by radiation, namely, oxygen (by hyperbaric administration). Perhaps most important to the surgeon is the knowledge that many kinds of disordered repair can be avoided. Liver disease can be treated, steroid hormone excess can be corrected or specifically treated with vitamin A, and nutritional defects can be anticipated and avoided. Familial tendencies to scar formation can be thwarted at an earlier rather than later, often hopeless, stage. Burn contractions in particularly susceptible joints can be anticipated and prevented by splinting and traction. In fact, we are coming very close to having effective treatment for most of the recognizable postsurgical reparative disorders. What we do not have is a prevention or cure for a vast variety of conditions of excessive repair, conditions that surgeons do not ordinarily recognize as complications. A vast amount of human misery is due to hypertrophic scar formation in arteries (arteriosclerosis), joints (arthritis), and ocular disease, especially those involving the scarring of the cornea. It is very likely that the surgeons will contribute to the prevention and cure of these disorders if they will accept the view that they can expect something close to perfection in any wound they make.
The relationship between size and power dissipation in a 1-10 MHz transformer (1992)

The trade-off between size and power dissipation in the design of low-profile 1-10 MHz transformers with planar spiral windings is considered. For a fixed power loss and number of conductor layers, the transformer with the smallest possible footprint can be designed by a trade-off of core and copper loss. The relationship between the marginal reduction of the transformer footprint and the associated marginal increase in power dissipation and/or number of conductor layers for the design of the smallest possible transformer is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The convergence of three-dimensional printing and nail-art technology (2019)

Background: With the convergence of internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing, the applications have extended to beauty arts and cosmetics.