gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMT <i> val <sup>158</sup> met </i> Genotype Affects µ-Opioid Neurotransmitter Responses to a Pain Stressor (2003)

Responses to pain and other stressors are regulated by interactions between multiple brain areas and neurochemical systems. We examined the influence of a common functional genetic polymorphism affecting the metabolism of catecholamines on the modulation of responses to sustained pain in humans. Individuals homozygous for the met158 allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism (val158met) showed diminished regional mu-opioid system responses to pain compared with heterozygotes. These effects were accompanied by higher sensory and affective ratings of pain and a more negative internal affective state. Opposite effects were observed in val158 homozygotes. The COMT val158met polymorphism thus influences the human experience of pain and may underlie interindividual differences in the adaptation and responses to pain and other stressful stimuli.
Tangible mixed reality for remote design review: a study understanding user perception and acceptance (2013)

Abstract Background The design review process is often expensive due to the need for face-to-face meetings between the involved parties. Distributed design collaboration is made possible by advances in networking techniques. A tangible Mixed Reality (MR)-based virtual design prototype was created as a distributed virtual environment (DVE) for the purpose of improving remote design review collaboration. This tangible MR system has been developed to a point that experimental evaluation is necessary in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of various features of the system. Methods In this paper, we evaluated the tangible MR system against a commercial 3D distributed design review system in three aspects: the investigation of how users experienced virtual models in the tangible MR system as compared with the commercial system, the measurement of the users’ attitude towards the effectiveness of the tangible MR system, and the discoveries of usability issues involved in the tangible MR interface through usability studies. Results The findings from user feedback suggest that the tangible MR system may facilitate problem-solving and the quantity of work in a given amount of time and that virtual design displayed in the mixed scene was a useful aid in the design error detection task. Conclusion These findings are useful for the improvement of future generations of the MR system. Also the suggestions can be further generalized to become usability guidelines for the MR developers in other applications and domains.
Challenges of Cu wire bonding on low-k/Cu wafers with BOA structures (2010)

This study describes the development of a Cu wire bond assembly solution for ICs using low dielectric constant (low K) dielectrics and Cu interconnect, with bond pads designed with aggressive BOA (Bond Over Active) design rules. The various wire bonding challenges imposed by the bond pad material stack and the aggressive high density BOA design will be discussed. It is desired to use the aggressive BOA rules since this provides greater design flexibility and can result in a smaller die size. The suitability of two different bond pad and BOA structures, currently used with Au wire bonding, was evaluated to assess viability for high reliability Cu wire bonding. The assembly process, the bond quality requirements, the reliability stress testing, and the impact on the Cu wire bonds will be described. Corrosion of the Cu-Al IMC (interface metallic compound) bond phase(s) that can be seen with environmental stress testing will be discussed. The hypothesis that the IMC corrosion is due to attack by impurities in the epoxy-based molding compound will be discussed. The results of a thermal aging study (150°C / 504 hrs), demonstrating the slow growth of the CuAl IMC structure, and analysis of the Cu-Al IMC phases will also be reported.
Relation-Aware Graph Attention Network for Visual Question Answering (2019)

In order to answer semantically-complicated questions about an image, a Visual Question Answering (VQA) model needs to fully understand the visual scene in the image, especially the interactive dynamics between different objects. We propose a Relation-aware Graph Attention Network (ReGAT), which encodes each image into a graph and models multi-type inter-object relations via a graph attention mechanism, to learn question-adaptive relation representations. Two types of visual object relations are explored: (i) Explicit Relations that represent geometric positions and semantic interactions between objects; and (ii) Implicit Relations that capture the hidden dynamics between image regions. Experiments demonstrate that ReGAT outperforms prior state-of-the-art approaches on both VQA 2.0 and VQA-CP v2 datasets. We further show that ReGAT is compatible to existing VQA architectures, and can be used as a generic relation encoder to boost the model performance for VQA.
Acaps Are Arf6 Gtpase-Activating Proteins That Function in the Cell Periphery (2000)

The GTP-binding protein ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) regulates endosomal membrane trafficking and the actin cytoskeleton in the cell periphery. GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are critical regulators of Arf function, controlling the return of Arf to the inactive GDP-bound state. Here, we report the identification and characterization of two Arf6 GAPs, ACAP1 and ACAP2. Together with two previously described Arf GAPs, ASAP1 and PAP, they can be grouped into a protein family defined by several common structural motifs including coiled coil, pleckstrin homology, Arf GAP, and three complete ankyrin-repeat domains. All contain phosphoinositide-dependent GAP activity. ACAP1 and ACAP2 are widely expressed and occur together in the various cultured cell lines we examined. Similar to ASAP1, ACAP1 and ACAP2 were recruited to and, when overexpressed, inhibited the formation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced dorsal membrane ruffles in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. However, in contrast with ASAP1, ACAP1 and ACAP2 functioned as Arf6 GAPs. In vitro, ACAP1 and ACAP2 preferred Arf6 as a substrate, rather than Arf1 and Arf5, more so than did ASAP1. In HeLa cells, overexpression of either ACAP blocked the formation of Arf6-dependent protrusions. In addition, ACAP1 and ACAP2 were recruited to peripheral, tubular membranes, where activation of Arf6 occurs to allow membrane recycling back to the plasma membrane. ASAP1 did not inhibit Arf6-dependent protrusions and was not recruited by Arf6 to tubular membranes. The additional effects of ASAP1 on PDGF-induced ruffling in fibroblasts suggest that multiple Arf GAPs function coordinately in the cell periphery.
Picosecond Molecular Switch Based on Bidirectional Inhibition of Photoinduced Electron Transfer Using Photogenerated Electric Fields (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPicosecond Molecular Switch Based on Bidirectional Inhibition of Photoinduced Electron Transfer Using Photogenerated Electric FieldsDavid Gosztola, Mark P. Niemczyk, and Michael R. WasielewskiView Author Information Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831 Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 20, 5118–5119Publication Date (Web):May 6, 1998Publication History Received2 February 1998Published online6 May 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980358jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980358jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1031Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Hydrocarbons,Ions,Lasers,Probes Get e-Alerts
All-fiber add-drop multiplexer using a tilted fiber Bragg grating and mode-selective couplers (2003)

We describe an all-fiber add-drop multiplexer constructed with readily available components: a tilted fiber Bragg grating in a two-mode fiber and mode-selective directional couplers. The simple configuration allows the implementation of standard fiber Bragg grating technologies for improved performance.
Isoprene Increases Thermotolerance of Fosmidomycin-Fed Leaves (2001)

Abstract Isoprene is synthesized and emitted in large amounts by a number of plant species, especially oak (Quercus sp.) and aspen (Populussp.) trees. It has been suggested that isoprene improves thermotolerance by helping photosynthesis cope with high temperature. However, the evidence for the thermotolerance hypothesis is indirect and one of three methods used to support this hypothesis has recently been called into question. More direct evidence required new methods of controlling endogenous isoprene. An inhibitor of the deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate pathway, the alternative pathway to the mevalonic acid pathway and the pathway by which isoprene is made, is now available. Fosmidomycin eliminates isoprene emission without affecting photosynthesis for several hours after feeding to detached leaves. Photosynthesis of fosmidomycin-fed leaves recovered less following a 2-min high-temperature treatment at 46°C than did photosynthesis of leaves fed water or fosmidomycin-fed leaves in air supplemented with isoprene. Photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris leaves, which do not make isoprene, exhibited increased thermotolerance when isoprene was supplied in the airstream flowing over the leaf. Other short-chain alkenes also improved thermotolerance, whereas alkanes reduced thermotolerance. It is concluded that thermotolerance of photosynthesis is a substantial benefit to plants that make isoprene and that this benefit explains why plants make isoprene. The effect may be a general hydrocarbon effect and related to the double bonds in the isoprene molecule.
Fibronectin in cell adhesion and migration via N-glycosylation (2017)

Directed cell migration is an important step in effective wound healing and requires the dynamic control of the formation of cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Plasma fibronectin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein present in blood plasma that plays crucial roles in modulating cellular adhesion and migration and thereby helping to mediate all steps of wound healing. In order to seek safe sources of plasma fibronectin for its practical use in wound dressing, we isolated fibronectin from human (homo) and porcine plasma and demonstrated that both have a similar ability as a suitable substrate for the stimulation of cell adhesion and for directing cell migration. In addition, we also defined the N-glycosylation sites and N-glycans present on homo and porcine plasma fibronectin. These N-glycosylation modifications of the plasma fibronectin synergistically support the integrin-mediated signals to bring about mediating cellular adhesion and directed cell migration. This study not only determines the important function of N-glycans in both homo and porcine plasma fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion and directed cell migration, but also reveals the potential applications of porcine plasma fibronectin if it was applied as a material for clinical wound healing and tissue repair.
Substance P induces histamine release from human pulmonary mast cells (1995)

Substance P elicits histamine release from human skin and rodent mast cells. Since neuropeptide-mediated reflexes may be important in asthma, we examined the ability of substance P to stimulate human mast cells obtained at bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL samples were obtained at routine bronchoscopy from 35 non-preselected patients. Histamine release experiments were performed in a standard manner using substance P and the calcium ionophore A23187. Both substance P (50 microM) and A23187 caused histamine release (median 26.7% range 6.2-62.8% and 32.1%, 7.7-56.8% respectively) which was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) than the spontaneous release (median 15.6%, range 4.1-33.4%), i.e. that in the absence of any stimulus. Substance P induced histamine release was via an energy dependent process and was blocked by preincubation with antimycin A. A significant correlation was observed between substance P induced release and spontaneous release but was not observed with A23187 induced release. Mast cell counts correlated significantly with substance P induced release but not with spontaneous or A23187 induced release. The substance P induced histamine secretion was elicited at similar concentrations to those used with rodent and human skin mast cells. Asthma is associated with increased numbers of mast cells which have both increased spontaneous and stimulated secretory responses. Thus, in vivo, the bronchoconstrictor action of substance P may in part result from activation of mast cells in the bronchial lumen.
Chemical Control of Budbreak (1987)

Abstract Interest in artificial control of budbreak of deciduous fruit trees species is closely connected with commercial attempts to grow these species in warm locations, where the chilling requirements are not fulfilled naturally. This interest developed following attempts to grow such species in warm countries that did not want to or could not import these fruits from cooler regions. In subtropical regions like the Cape zone in South Africa, eastern Australia, and Israel, the problem was more acute in the 1950s and 1960s. Adoption of low-chilling cultivars, or a shift of production to cooler, better-adapted areas, improved tree performance considerably. Nevertheless, sporadic problems after exceptionally warm winters still pose a commercial problem. In other areas, such as southeastern United States, the risk of spring frost is such that low-chilling cultivars with their early budbreak cannot be grown in northern locations, and, in such regions, chemical treatments are needed occasionally.
Extracellular MicroRNAs in Urologic Malignancies: Chances and Challenges (2013)

Small noncoding RNAs that are 19-23 nucleotides long, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in almost all biological mechanisms during carcinogenesis. Recent studies show that miRNAs released from live cells are detectable in body fluids and may be taken up by other cells to confer cell-cell communication. These released miRNAs (here referred to as extracellular miRNAs) are often protected by RNA-binding proteins or embedded inside circulating microvesicles. Due to their relative stability, extracellular miRNAs are believed to be promising candidates as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of disease, or even as therapeutic agents for targeted treatment. In this review, we first describe biogenesis and characteristics of these miRNAs. We then summarize recent publications involving extracellular miRNA profiling studies in three representative urologic cancers, including: prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. We focus on the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of these miRNAs in biological fluids, such as serum, plasma, and urine. Finally, we discuss advantages and challenges of these miRNAs in clinical applications.
The Jakes fading model for antenna arrays incorporating azimuth spread (2002)

A new method for simulating the multiplicative fading of the narrow-band, flat wireless channel for antenna array receivers is presented. The new approach produces a set of fading waveforms, one waveform associated with each receiver element, in which the waveforms are appropriately correlated to take into account the spread, or dispersion, in the azimuth (arrival angle) of the received signal. The new method is an extension of the Jakes (1974) method of simulating fading in which the appropriate correlation of the set of waveforms is accomplished by directly considering the azimuth of scatterers in a particular distribution about the mobile transmitter. The models used for this cluster of scatterers are a ring and a disk of scatterers. Further modifications of the disk model permit the generation of fading waveforms which are correlated in a manner which reflect actual field measurements of azimuth dispersion. Analytical correlation of these models is reviewed for purposes of verification with the waveforms generated by the method.
Creation of photons in an oscillating cavity with two moving mirrors (1999)

We study the creation of photons in a one-dimensional oscillating cavity with two perfectly conducting moving walls. By means of a conformal transformation, we derive a set of generalized Moore's equations whose solution contains the whole information of the radiation field within the cavity. For the case of resonant oscillations we solve these equations using a renormalization-group procedure that appropriately deals with the secular behavior present in a naive perturbative approach. We study the time evolution of the energy density profile and of the number of created photons inside the cavity.
Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity of leukotriene receptor antagonist-montelukast: An experimental study (2016)

Background: Various inflammatory mediators are involved in initiating and sustaining pain/inflammation cascade. Recently, leukotrienes (LTs) have been shown to be important mediators in pain and inflammation. 

Aims and Objective: An experimental evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity of LT receptor antagonist-montelukast.

Materials and Methods: Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180-250 g and Swiss mice weighing 25-30 g were used. Analgesic activity of montelukast (20 mg/kg) was evaluated and compared with tramadol (10 mg/kg) and aspirin (300 mg/kg) using tail flick response method and acetic acid-induced writhing method. For evaluating anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenin-induced rat paw edema and formalin-induced arthritis models were used. The antipyretic activity was evaluated in Bakers yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. 

Results: Montelukast (20 mg/kg) had significant analgesic activity compared to control in acetic acid-induced writhing model but was ineffective in tail flick model. Montelukast showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced paw edema and formalin-induced arthritis models. Montelukast did not show antipyretic activity. 

Conclusion: Montelukast shows anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity which needs substantiation.
EKG Abnormalities During Partial Seizures in Refractory Epilepsy (2000)

Cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities are common during seizures, particularly if they are prolonged or generalized, in intractable epilepsy. These abnormalities may contribute to SUDEP.
Recognition Accuracy Improvement of Obfuscated QR Code by Using Reliability Information and GMD Decoding (2018)

In recent years, QR code is used in various situations such as in medical prescription and the boarding procedure at the airport in addition to conventional applications. With expanding application, there are some QR codes that cannot be read by the conventional method. In this paper, we refer to this kind of QR code as obfuscated QR code. Considering the situation that the QR code is more common, improving the encoding method is not realistic. Hence, in reading obfuscated QR code, improving only the decoding method is required. In general, Euclidean decoding is used in the decoding method of QR code. On the other hand, Generalized Minimum Distance (GMD) decoding has been proposed. GMD decoding is a method of approximately performing maximum likelihood decoding by using information of the likelihood of each symbol called reliability. However, a method for calculating the reliability information of each symbol of the two-dimensional code has not been proposed. In this paper, we propose a method of calculating reliability information using the graphical features of QR code. Then, we show the proposed method is more useful in recognition accuracy of an obfuscated QR code than the conventional method using Euclidean decoding.
CpG DNA Induces a Class II Transactivator-Independent Increase in Class II MHC by Stabilizing Class II MHC mRNA in B Lymphocytes (2003)

Microbial products, such as CpG DNA and LPS, enhance class II MHC (MHC-II) expression and Ag presentation by dendritic cells, but this effect does not occur with macrophages and is largely unexplored in B cells. Although MHC-II expression is influenced by transcriptional regulation, which is governed by class II transactivator (CIITA) in all cells, microbial products enhance MHC-II expression by dendritic cells in part by increasing MHC-II protein stability. In this study, we show that the CpG-induced increase in MHC-II expression by B lymphocytes is not due to protein stabilization or changes in CIITA expression or activity, but instead is due to increased stability of MHC-II mRNA. This CIITA-independent mechanism adds a new layer of complexity to regulation of MHC-II and may increase T cell help for B cell Ab responses to microbial or vaccine Ags.
Adaptive Multi-beam Transmission of Uncompressed Video over 60GHz Wireless Systems (2007)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology provides possibility to replace uncompressed high-definition video cables (such as HDMI, DVI, or DisplayPort) with wireless links. However, it is very challenging to meet the strict quality of service (QoS) requirements from uncompressed video streaming applications since 60 GHz wireless signals can be easily blocked by human body and other obstacles. In this paper, we first discuss the specific technical challenges in mmWave system to support long-time stable video streaming. Then, we propose a new adaptive multi-beam transmission solution in which pixel partitioning, switched multi- beam transmission, and fast video format adaptation are key techniques to solve the raised technical problems. Initial performance evaluation shows that our approach can achieve high- quality video streaming performance.
Oxidation Behavior and Conductivity of UNS 430 Stainless Steel and Crofer 22 APU with Spinel Coatings (2007)

Coatings of Cu-Mn, Co-Mn, and Cu-Fe spinels were obtained on UNS 430 and Crofer 22 APU ferritic stainless steel by oxidation of electroplated metal coatings. The thickness of the spinel coatings was 20-30 um. The average weight gain of Crofer 22 APU with Cu-Mn, Co-Mn, and Cu-Fe spinel coatings after 1400 hours oxidation at 750{degree sign}C was 0.00052 g/cm2, 0.00022 g/cm2, and 0.00027 g/cm2, whereas the average weight gain of UNS 430 stainless steel with Cu-Mn, Co-Mn, and Cu-Fe spinel coatings was respectively 0.0003 g/cm2, 0.0001 g/cm2, and 0.00021 g/cm2. The area specific resistance of both Cu-Mn and Co-Mn spinel coated alloys was 0.003 Ω•cm2 after oxidation at 750åC for 1500 hours. Compared with an ASR of 0.189 Ω•cm2 for uncoated UNS 430, it is clear that the coatings can effectively provide a conductive path to the metallic substrate.