gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semantic Analysis of User Behaviors for Detecting Spam Mail (2008)

According to continuous increasing of spam email, 92.6% of recent total email is known spam email. In this research, we will show an adaptive learning system that filter spam emails based on user's action pattern as time goes by. In this paper, we consider relationship between user's actions such as what action is took after one action and how long does it take. They analyze that each action has how much meaning, and that it has an effect on filtering spam emails. And that in turn determines weight for each email. In experimentation, we will compare results of system of this research and weighted Bayesian classifier using real email data set. Also, we will show how to handle personalization for concept drift and adaptive learning.
The Strength of Hydrogen Bonds in Liquid Water and Around Nonpolar Solutes (2000)

The unusual properties of liquid water are usually attributed to hydrogen bonding. A longstanding question is whether the continuum of strengths of hydrogen bonds in water can be usefully simplified to two states: ‘intact' and ‘broken'. We show that such a simplification is justified by two very different computational models of water. We then show that there is a unique value of the free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) for breaking a hydrogen bond in pure water that gives quantitative agreement with both Raman spectra and the known heat capacity of water: ΔG = 480 cal mol-1, ΔH = 1.9 kcal mol-1, and ΔS/k = 2.4. Breaking a water/water hydrogen bond in the first solvation shell around Argon, a nonpolar solute, leads to ΔG = 620 cal mol-1, ΔH = 2.4 kcal mol-1 and ΔS/k = 3.0. A prediction, not yet tested experimentally, is that the hydrophobic heat capacity should decrease dramatically in supercooled water.
Identification of the chelocardin biosynthetic gene cluster from Amycolatopsis sulphurea: a platform for producing novel tetracycline antibiotics (2013)

Tetracyclines (TCs) are medically important antibiotics from the polyketide family of natural products. Chelocardin (CHD), produced by Amycolatopsis sulphurea, is a broad-spectrum tetracyclic antibiotic with potent bacteriolytic activity against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative multi-resistant pathogens. CHD has an unknown mode of action that is different from TCs. It has some structural features that define it as 'atypical' and, notably, is active against tetracycline-resistant pathogens. Identification and characterization of the chelocardin biosynthetic gene cluster from A. sulphurea revealed 18 putative open reading frames including a type II polyketide synthase. Compared to typical TCs, the chd cluster contains a number of features that relate to its classification as 'atypical': an additional gene for a putative two-component cyclase/aromatase that may be responsible for the different aromatization pattern, a gene for a putative aminotransferase for C-4 with the opposite stereochemistry to TCs and a gene for a putative C-9 methylase that is a unique feature of this biosynthetic cluster within the TCs. Collectively, these enzymes deliver a molecule with different aromatization of ring C that results in an unusual planar structure of the TC backbone. This is a likely contributor to its different mode of action. In addition CHD biosynthesis is primed with acetate, unlike the TCs, which are primed with malonamate, and offers a biosynthetic engineering platform that represents a unique opportunity for efficient generation of novel tetracyclic backbones using combinatorial biosynthesis.
Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality From Digital Mammography Screening (2016)

This modeling study, conducted to inform the new recommendation on breast cancer screening from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), examines radiation-induced breast cancer incidence ...
Thoracic Imaging: A Practical Approach (2000)

This book includes a concise, yet complete overview of thoracic imaging, diagnostic techniques, differential diagnosis of diseases involving the thorax, treatment plans, and treatment strategies. Part I provides a review of thoracic anatomy, cardiopulmonary physiology, and an overview of the various diagnostic imaging techniques (radiography, CT, MRI) including basic physics, technical aspects, and advantages/limitations of various modalities. Part II provides imaging strategies for evaluating specific symptoms and disease entities as well as a large section on differential diagnosis based on specific radiographic findings. Part III provides a comprehensive overview of specific thoracic diseases broken down by organ system and Part IV includes chapters covering interventional techniques, thoracic surgical procedures and post-surgical management
Deep Learning for Surface Material Classification Using Haptic and Visual Information (2016)

When a user scratches a hand-held rigid tool across an object surface, an acceleration signal can be captured, which carries relevant information about the surface material properties. More importantly, such haptic acceleration signals can be used together with surface images to jointly recognize the surface material. In this paper, we present a novel deep learning method dealing with the surface material classification problem based on a fully convolutional network, which takes the aforementioned acceleration signal and a corresponding image of the surface texture as inputs. Compared to the existing surface material classification solutions which rely on a careful design of hand-crafted features, our method automatically extracts discriminative features utilizing advanced deep learning methodologies. Experiments performed on the TUM surface material database demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art classification accuracy robustly and efficiently.
Activated K-ras and INK4a/Arf Deficiency Cooperate During the Development of Pancreatic Cancer by Activation of Notch and NF-κB Signaling Pathways (2011)

Our results suggest that the activation of Notch and NF-κB together with the loss of miR-200 family is mechanistically linked with the development and progression of PDAC in the compound K-ras(G12D) and Ink4a/Arf deficient transgenic mice.
SALTING OF CUCUMBERS (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSALTING OF CUCUMBERSIvan D. JonesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 6, 858–861Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50366a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50366a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
IEEE P1500-compliant test wrapper design for hierarchical cores (2005)

Most system-on-chips (SOCs) today contain hierarchical cores that have multiple levels of design hierarchy. An efficient wrapper design for hierarchical cores is necessary to facilitate modular testing of SOCs. In most of the prior work on wrapper design for embedded cores, all the cores are assumed to have a flattened hierarchy. In this paper, we present a hierarchical core model and a generic IEEE P1500-compliant wrapper architecture for hierarchical cores. We assume that the embedded cores within the hierarchical cores are hard cores, since they are wrapped by the core vendor a priori and they have their own TAM architecture. Unlike prior wrapper design methods that assume a single test mode for hierarchical core wrappers, we present a general architecture for hierarchical core wrappers and describe various modes of operation of the wrapper. We design reconfigurable wrappers for hierarchical cores that can operate efficiently in all the test modes, thereby minimizing the overall time required to test the hierarchical core for any given TAM width. We propose a heuristic approach to solve the problem of hierarchical core wrapper design, and present experimental results for two hierarchical cores present in an ITC'02 benchmark SOC.
A change notification framework based on agent for information system (2002)

The Web is a platform for information systems such as active document management systems that are easy to deploy and use both for information providers and users. In this sort of information system, multiple users can modify the shared information resources concurrently, and the update may affect transactions that other users are simultaneously engaged in. Change notification mechanisms are important for the concurrency of systems. Meanwhile, the core Web technology only offers very limited support for distributed applications. Thus, a change notification framework based on agents is presented. It can maintain the dependency of users and propagate the change of results according to the collaborative relationship among the users.
All-optical regeneration in one- and two-pump parametric amplifiers using highly nonlinear optical fiber (2003)

We describe the operation of a two-pump parametric optical regenerator. It is shown that higher order parametric coupling provides optical regeneration with a high extinction ratio. Excessive spectral broadening is studied in a two-pump architecture and compared with that of the one-pump parametric regenerator. We show that the spectral widths of the higher order terms can be controlled in amplifiers by using counterphased optical pumps.
Additive effects of acyl‐binding site mutations on the fatty acid selectivity of <i>Rhizopus delemar</i> lipase (1997)

Abstract The fatty acid specificity and pH dependence of triacylglycerol hydrolysis by the Rhizopus delemar lipase acylbinding site mutant Val206Thr+Phe95Asp (Val, valine; Thr, threonine; Phe, phenylalanine; Asp, aspartic acid) were characterized. The activity of the double mutant prolipase was reduced by as much as 10‐fold, compared to the wild‐type prolipase. However, the fatty acid specificity profile of the enzyme was markedly sharpened and was dependent on the pH of the substrate emulsion. At neutral pH, strong preference (10‐fold or greater) for hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of medium‐chainlength fatty acids (C 8:0 to C 14:0 ) was displayed by the variant prolipase, with no hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of short‐chain fatty acids (C 4:0 to C 6:0 ) and little activity manifested toward fatty acids with 16 or more carbons. At acidic pH values, the fatty acid selectivity profile of the double mutant prolipase expanded to include short‐chain triacylglycerols (C 4:0 , C 6:0 ). When assayed against a triacylglycerol mixture of tributyrin, tricaprylin and triolein, the Val206Thr+Phe95Asp prolipase displayed a high selectivity for caprylic acid and released this fatty acid at least 25‐fold more efficiently than the others present in the substrate mixture. When presented a mixture of nine fatty acid methyl esters, the wild‐type prolipase showed a broad substrate specificity profile, hydrolyzing the various methyl esters to a similar extent. Contrastingly, the double mutant prolipase displayed a narrowed substrate specificity profile, hydrolyzing caprylic methyl ester at nearly wild‐type levels, while its activity against the other methyl esters examined was 2.5‐ to 5‐fold lower then that observed for the wild‐type enzyme.
What are the characteristics of patients with severe, symptomatic, mitral regurgitation who are denied surgery? (2007)

Surgery was denied in 49% of patients with severe symptomatic MR. Impaired LVEF, older age, and comorbidity were the most striking characteristics of patients who were denied surgery. The weight of age and LVEF in the decision do not seem justified according to current knowledge.
Application of ELISA-inhibition to<i>Aspergillus</i>antigen standardization for immunodiagnosis (1985)

An inhibition ELISA method was used to test culture filtrate antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus for the avidity of antibodies to them. Four different culture media were used to check the ability of this assay to distinguish between similar antigenic preparations. Differences between antigens exhibiting similar crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns were observed by inhibition ELISA.
Average Room Occupancy Rate and its relation with Received Signal Strength Indicator in Wireless Sensors Networks (2015)

This work aims to define a model for the relation between the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of an Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) and the occupation rate of an indoor ambient. Experimental tests were carried out to identify this model that is able to provide the number of people (occupancy rate) in this ambient as a function of the RSSI variance. The tests were based on the installation of an WSN in a classroom, allowing to collect data related to RSSI variation, considering a point-to-point network. As a conclusion, it was possible to identify a relationship between these variables that determines the ambient occupancy rate.
Taming heterogeneity - the Ptolemy approach (2003)

Modern embedded computing systems tend to be heterogeneous in the sense of being composed of subsystems with very different characteristics, which communicate and interact in a variety of ways-synchronous or asynchronous, buffered or unbuffered, etc. Obviously, when designing such systems, a modeling language needs to reflect this heterogeneity. Today's modeling environments usually offer a variant of what we call amorphous heterogeneity to address this problem. This paper argues that modeling systems in this manner leads to unexpected and hard-to-analyze interactions between the communication mechanisms and proposes a more structured approach to heterogeneity, called hierarchical heterogeneity, to solve this problem. It proposes a model structure and semantic framework that support this form of heterogeneity, and discusses the issues arising from heterogeneous component interaction and the desire for component reuse. It introduces the notion of domain polymorphism as a way to address these issues.
Synthesis of a Photolabile `Safety Catch' Linker of the 3'-Methoxybenzoin Type (1997)

Solid supports carrying a photolabile linker of the 3'-methoxybenzoin type were prepared by a rapid solid phase synthesis method. Alternatively, the linker was preassembled in solution by a more lengthy procedure and then coupled onto polystyrene via its carboxymethyl handle. `Safety catch' linkers of this type are expected to play an important role for the preparation of combinatorial libraries suitable for a variety of miniaturized screening methods, where `reagentless' release of compounds from the carrier is crucial
Waveform Design for Wireless Power Transfer (2016)

Far-field Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has attracted significant attention in recent years. Despite the rapid progress, the emphasis of the research community in the last decade has remained largely concentrated on improving the design of energy harvester (so-called rectenna) and has left aside the effect of transmitter design. In this paper, we study the design of transmit waveform so as to enhance the dc power at the output of the rectenna. We derive a tractable model of the nonlinearity of the rectenna and compare with a linear model conventionally used in the literature. We then use those models to design novel multisine waveforms that are adaptive to the channel state information (CSI). Interestingly, while the linear model favours narrowband transmission with all the power allocated to a single frequency, the nonlinear model favours a power allocation over multiple frequencies. Through realistic simulations, waveforms designed based on the nonlinear model are shown to provide significant gains (in terms of harvested dc power) over those designed based on the linear model and over nonadaptive waveforms. We also compute analytically the theoretical scaling laws of the harvested energy for various waveforms as a function of the number of sinewaves and transmit antennas. Those scaling laws highlight the benefits of CSI knowledge at the transmitter in WPT and of a WPT design based on a nonlinear rectenna model over a linear model. Results also motivate the study of a promising architecture relying on large-scale multisine multiantenna waveforms for WPT. As a final note, results stress the importance of modeling and accounting for the nonlinearity of the rectenna in any system design involving wireless power.
Functional Kidney Bioengineering with Pluripotent Stem‐Cell‐Derived Renal Progenitor Cells and Decellularized Kidney Scaffolds (2016)

Recent advances in developmental biology and stem cell technology have led to the engineering of functional organs in a dish. However, the limited size of these organoids and absence of a large circulatory system poses limits to its clinical translation. To overcome these issues, decellularized whole kidney scaffolds with native microstructure and extracellular matrix (ECM) are employed for kidney bioengineering, using human-induced pluripotent-stem-cell-derived renal progenitor cells and endothelial cells. To demonstrate ECM-guided cellular assembly, the present work is focused on generating the functional unit of the kidney, the glomerulus. In the repopulated organ, the presence of endothelial cells broadly upregulates the expression level of genes related to renal development. When the cellularized native scaffolds are implanted in SCID mice, glomeruli assembly can be achieved by co-culture of the renal progenitors and endothelial cells. These individual glomerular units are shown to be functional in the context of the whole organ using a simulated bio-reactor set-up with urea and creatinine excretion and albumin reabsorption. Our results indicate that the repopulation of decellularized native kidney using clinically relevant, expandable patient-specific renal progenitors and endothelial cells may be a viable approach for the generation of a functional whole kidney.
Enantiospecific synthesis of the fluoro and epimeric derivatives of 5′-noraristeromycin (1993)

The synthesis of derivatives of 5′-noraristeromycin 1 in which its C-4′ hydroxy group has been (i) replaced by a fluorine atom (5) and (ii) inverted (6) is described starting from the diacetate of (Z)-cyclopentene-3,5-diol.
Metal Organic CVD of Cobalt Thin Films Using Cobalt Tricarbonyl Nitrosyl (1998)

The combination of Cu and Co in giant magnetoresistance (GMR) structures is something of great interest. Here the same precursor is used as in the previous paper, but for deposition of Co rather than an oxide. Shiny, adherent films can be formed on a range of substrates. SEM analysis shows that the layers are polycrystalline with equiaxial grains (see Figure). Resistivity is reported to be comparable with that of bulk Co.
An objective distortion measure for binary document images based on human visual perception (2003)

As we are moving to a digital world, digital document image processing is receiving more and more attention. Digital document images are essentially binary images. In applications related to binary document images, such as data hiding and watermarking in binary images, distortion may be present and it is necessary to measure the distortion for performance comparison. However traditional objective distortion measures cannot describe the distortion in binary images well to have a good match with human visual perception. In this paper we present a novel objective distortion measure for binary document images that well correlates to the subjective distortion perception. This measure is based on the reciprocal of distance that is straight forward to calculate. Our results show that the proposed distortion measure matches well with subjective evaluation found on human visual perception.
High Accuracy Molecular Weight Determination and Variation Characterization of Proteins Up To 80 ku by Ionspray Mass Spectrometry (1991)

A quadrupole mass spectrometer with an ionspray interface was used to measure the molecular weight (MW) of proteins up to 80,000 u . With the improvements in instrument cahbration by a statistical averaging method and in data analysis by a gaussian curve-fitting method, precision of MW determination as high as 12 ppm was achieved with equine myoglobin (MW 16,950.4 ± 0.2 u). Exact MW determination of three components in cerato-ulmin revealed that the two minor ones had lost amino acid residues Ser and Ser-Asp, respectively, from the major component (MW 7618.4 ± 0.2 u). MW classifIcation of eight components in the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody revealed that one set of four had MW - 47,540 u and the other - 47,640 u. The MW difference of 100.2 ± 0.6 u between fragment 1 and 2, attributed to inhomogeneous cleavage at the Fab C-terminus, was probably due to one additional Thr in 1. The MW of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found to be 66,431.5 ± 1.3 u, - 164 u higher than the calculated sequence MW, most probably because of the incorrectness in the previously reported BSA amino acid sequence. The MW of human serum transferrin (79,556.8 ± 1.7 u) was shown to be 4414 u higher than the sequence MW, pointing to a glycosylation of 22.7 sugar units in this protein. The greater complexity in bovine serum transferrin (MW 78,030.5 ± 1.8 and 78,326 ± 3.3 u for the two major components) was correlated with the heterogeneity in the glycosylation.
Polyspecific monoclonal lupus autoantibodies reactive with both polynucleotides and phospholipids. (1981)

Hybridomas the produce anti-DNA autoantibodies were prepared from spleen cells of unimmunized MRL/1 mice, a strain that spontaneously develops severe systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Reactivities of these monoclonal antibodies with a wide range of polynucleotides prompted tests of their reactions with phospholipids which, like polynucleotides, contain diester-linked phosphate groups in their backbones. In competitive radioimmunoassays, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidyl glycerol blocked the binding of these hybridoma antibodies to denatured DNA. These phospholipids also specifically inhibited the reaction between a hybridoma antibody and a site-specific anti-idiotypic antibody. The antinuclear reaction of one of these antibodies was specifically inhibited by cardiolipin. This same antibody prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time in a manner characteristic of a lupus anticoagulant, presumably by binding to phospholipid in the test system. The polyspecific reactivity of a single molecular species of lupus autoantibody suggests that some of the diverse serological abnormalities of SLE may be a result of the binding of certain autoantibodies to a phosphodiester-containing epitope that is present in diverse biological molecules.