gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
W. H. SMITH (1825–1891) (1959)

W. H. SMITH (1825–1891): THE RELUCTANT STATESMAN Get access VISCOUNT CHILSTON VISCOUNT CHILSTON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Parliamentary Affairs, Volume XIII, Issue 1959dec, December 1959, Pages 198–212, https://doi.org/10.1093/parlij/XIII.1959dec.198 Published: 01 December 1959
Skeletal Diversity via a Branched Pathway:  Efficient Synthesis of 29 400 Discrete, Polycyclic Compounds and Their Arraying into Stock Solutions (2002)

We report the synthesis and arraying of 29 400 structurally diverse and complex polycyclic carbocycles using diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and the "one bead-one stock solution" technology platform. Skeletal diversity, a difficult challenge in DOS, was achieved with a branching reaction pathway using one or two Diels-Alder reactions. This pathway yields small molecules having 10 different skeletons.
The Identification of Environments and Cultures that Promote the Abuse of People with Intellectual Disabilities: a Review of the Literature (2003)

Background The present paper examines the literature regarding abuse within long-stay hospitals and community-based residences for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods Research and policy developments are reviewed, and concerns regarding the reactive nature of much current guidance are noted, highlighting a need for research and strategies which promote greater protection from the onset of abuse. Results and conclusions It is argued that much current thinking attributes abuse to individual deviancy and culpability; however, a greater recognition of the range of causes of abuse and the circumstances in which abuse flourishes is required if we are to develop a full understanding of preventative strategies. This review is concerned with the significance of environments and cultures in increasing vulnerability to abuse. Seven aspects of environments and cultures which promote vulnerability are outlined, offering insights into the processes by which services may deteriorate and abuse becomes established.
Molecular characterization of the Zymomonas mobilis enolase (eno) gene (1992)

The Zymomonas mobilis gene encoding enolase was cloned by genetic complementation of an Escherichia coli eno mutant. An enzyme assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the overexpression of enolase in E. coli clones carrying the Z. mobilis eno gene. The eno gene is present in a single copy of the Z. mobilis genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the eno region revealed an open reading frame of 1,293 bp that encodes a protein of 428 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 45,813. Comparison of the sequence of Z. mobilis enolase with primary amino acid sequences for other enolases indicates that the enzyme is highly conserved. Unlike all of the previously studied glycolytic genes from Z. mobilis that possess canonical ribosome binding sites, the eno gene is preceded by a modest Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The transcription initiation site was mapped by primer extension and found to be located within a 115-bp sequence that is 55.7% identical to a highly conserved consensus sequence found within the regulatory regions of highly expressed Z. mobilis genes. Northern RNA blot analysis revealed that eno is encoded on a 1.45-kb transcript. The half-life of the eno mRNA was determined to be 17.7 +/- 1.7 min, indicating that it is unusually stable. The abundance of the eno message is proposed to account for enolase being the most prevalent protein in Z. mobilis.
Molecular Characterization of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> Genes for β-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase III ( <i>fabH</i> ) and Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase ( <i>accBCDA</i> ), Which Are Essential for Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (2001)

Genes for subunits of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), which is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of fatty acids in Lactobacillus plantarum L137, were cloned and characterized. We identified six potential open reading frames, namely, manB, fabH, accB, accC, accD, and accA, in that order. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that fabH encoded beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III, that the accB, accC, accD, and accA genes encoded biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase, and the beta and alpha subunits of carboxyltransferase, respectively, and that these genes were clustered. The organization of acc genes was different from that reported for Escherichia coli, for Bacillus subtilis, and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli accB and accD mutations were complemented by the L. plantarum accB and accD genes, respectively. The predicted products of all five genes were confirmed by using the T7 expression system in E. coli. The gene product of accB was biotinylated in E. coli. Northern and primer extension analyses demonstrated that the five genes in L. plantarum were regulated polycistronically in an acc operon.
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants (1985)

Clinically significant gastroesophageal reflux occurs in one in 500 infants. Symptoms resolve in 60 to 80 percent of infants by 18 months of age. Thickened formula and position changes are often recommended. Medication and surgical intervention may be needed in refractory cases.
Trichomonal urethritis in Nigerian males. (1974)

The incidence and mode of presentation of trichomonal urethritis in Nigerian males have benn investigated. Nineteen (10.6%) out of 179 patients presenting with non-gonococcal urethritis were found to harbour the parasite. The commonest symptoms were urethral discharge and/or urethral irritation. The usefulness of examining wet preparations of the urethral exudate in diagnosis is stressed. No significant difference has been found between the incidence of the condition in Nigerians as compared with other ethnic groups. Attention is drawn to the possibility of T. vaginalis playing a role in male infertility, its superinfection in longstanding urethritis is stressed, and the therapeutic efficacy of metronidazole is appraised.
Recursive Visual Attention in Visual Dialog (2019)

Visual dialog is a challenging vision-language task, which requires the agent to answer multi-round questions about an image. It typically needs to address two major problems: (1) How to answer visually-grounded questions, which is the core challenge in visual question answering (VQA); (2) How to infer the co-reference between questions and the dialog history. An example of visual co-reference is: pronouns (e.g., “they”) in the question (e.g., “Are they on or off?”) are linked with nouns (e.g., “lamps”) appearing in the dialog history (e.g., “How many lamps are there?”) and the object grounded in the image. In this work, to resolve the visual co-reference for visual dialog, we propose a novel attention mechanism called Recursive Visual Attention (RvA). Specifically, our dialog agent browses the dialog history until the agent has sufficient confidence in the visual co-reference resolution, and refines the visual attention recursively. The quantitative and qualitative experimental results on the large-scale VisDial v0.9 and v1.0 datasets demonstrate that the proposed RvA not only outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, but also achieves reasonable recursion and interpretable attention maps without additional annotations. The code is available at https://github.com/yuleiniu/rva.
Rapid target gene validation in complex cancer mouse models using re‐derived embryonic stem cells (2014)

Human cancers modeled in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMMs) can provide important mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of tumor development and enable testing of new intervention strategies. The inherent complexity of these models, with often multiple modified tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, has hampered their use as preclinical models for validating cancer genes and drug targets. In our newly developed approach for the fast generation of tumor cohorts we have overcome this obstacle, as exemplified for three GEMMs; two lung cancer models and one mesothelioma model. Three elements are central for this system; (i) The efficient derivation of authentic Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) from established GEMMs, (ii) the routine introduction of transgenes of choice in these GEMM-ESCs by Flp recombinase-mediated integration and (iii) the direct use of the chimeric animals in tumor cohorts. By applying stringent quality controls, the GEMM-ESC approach proofs to be a reliable and effective method to speed up cancer gene assessment and target validation. As proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that MycL1 is a key driver gene in Small Cell Lung Cancer.
TADS--A CFD-Based Turbomachinery Analysis and Design System with GUI: User's Manual (1999)

The primary objective of this study was the development of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based turbomachinery airfoil analysis and design system, controlled by a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The computer codes resulting from this effort are referred to as TADS (Turbomachinery Analysis and Design System). This document is intended to serve as a User's Manual for the computer programs which comprise the TADS system, developed under Task 18 of NASA Contract NAS3-27350, ADPAC System Coupling to Blade Analysis & Design System GUI and Task 10 of NASA Contract NAS3-27394, ADPAC System Coupling to Blade Analysis & Design System GUI, Phase II-Loss, Design and, Multi-stage Analysis. TADS couples a throughflow solver (ADPAC) with a quasi-3D blade-to-blade solver (RVCQ3D) in an interactive package. Throughflow analysis and design capability was developed in ADPAC through the addition of blade force and blockage terms to the governing equations. A GUI was developed to simplify user input and automate the many tasks required to perform turbomachinery analysis and design. The coupling of the various programs was done in such a way that alternative solvers or grid generators could be easily incorporated into the TADS framework. Results of aerodynamic calculations using the TADS system are presented for a highly loaded fan, a compressor stator, a low speed turbine blade and a transonic turbine vane.
T<scp>he </scp>U<scp>se of </scp>E<scp>namel </scp>M<scp>atrix </scp>D<scp>erivative in the </scp>T<scp>reatment of </scp>P<scp>eriodontal </scp>D<scp>efects</scp>: <scp>a </scp>L<scp>iterature </scp>R<scp>eview and </scp>M<scp>eta</scp>-<scp>analysis</scp> (2004)

EMD seems to be safe, was able to regenerate lost periodontal tissues in previously diseased sites based on clinical parameters, and was better than OFD or GTR. Its combination with allograft materials may be of additional benefit but still needs to be further investigated.
Synthesis of Novel Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Bearing Two Acidic Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups and its Catalytic Evaluation for Enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Indoles and Enones (2014)

A novel chiral phosphoric acid catalyst bearing two acidic phenolic hydroxyl groups was synthesized. Its catalytic activity as a chiral Brøsted acid has been examined in the enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of indoles and enones as a model reaction. In comparison with the other chiral phosphoric acid catalysts, the reaction catalyzed by the novel chiral catalyst afforded the desired 3‐substituted indoles in a higher enantioselectivity (up to 69% ee).
PoliCert (2014)

The recently proposed concept of publicly verifiable logs is a promising approach for mitigating security issues and threats of the current Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI). Although much progress has been made towards a more secure infrastructure, the currently proposed approaches still suffer from security vulnerabilities, inefficiency, or incremental deployment challenges.
Redirecting the Humoral Immune Response against<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>Antigen P1 with Monoclonal Antibodies (2004)

The adhesin P1 of Streptococcus mutans has been studied as an anticaries vaccine antigen. An anti-P1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) bound to S. mutans prior to mucosal immunization of mice was shown previously to alter the amount, specificity, isotype, and biological activity of anti-P1 antibodies. The present study was undertaken to screen this and four additional anti-P1 MAbs for immunomodulatory activity when complexed with S. mutans and administered by a systemic route and to evaluate sera from immunized mice for the ability to inhibit adherence of S. mutans to immobilized human salivary agglutinin. All five MAbs tested influenced murine anti-P1 serum antibody responses in terms of subclass distribution and/or specificity. The effects varied depending on which MAb was used and its coating concentration. Two MAbs promoted a more effective, and two others a less effective, adherence inhibition response. An inverse relationship was observed between the ability of the MAbs themselves to inhibit adherence and the ability of antibodies elicited following immunization with immune complexes to inhibit adherence. Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between the levels of anti-P1 serum immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG2b, but not of IgG1 or IgG3, and the ability of sera from immunized animals to inhibit bacterial adherence. These results indicate that multiple anti-P1 MAbs can mediate changes in the immune response and that certain alterations are potentially more biologically relevant than others. Immunomodulation by anti-P1 MAbs represents a useful strategy to improve the beneficial immune response against S. mutans.
New Algorithms for 2D and 3D Point Matching: Pose Estimation and Correspondence (1994)

A fundamental open problem in computer vision---determining pose and correspondence between two sets of points in space---is solved with a novel, fast, robust and easily implementable algorithm. The technique works on noisy 2D or 3D point sets that may be of unequal sizes and may differ by non-rigid transformations. Using a combination of optimization techniques such as deterministic annealing and the softassign, which have recently emerged out of the recurrent neural network/statistical physics framework, analog objective functions describing the problems are minimized. Over thirty thousand experiments, on randomly generated points sets with varying amounts of noise and missing and spurious points, and on hand-written character sets demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm. Keywords: Point-matching, pose estimation, correspondence, neural networks, optimization, softassign, deterministic annealing, affine. 1 Introduction Matching the representations of two images has long been t...
Double-pass-pumped Tm:YAG laser with a simple cavity configuration (1998)

For a double-pass-pumped cw Tm:YAG laser, we developed a theoretical model, taking into account reabsorption loss and mode matching between the pumping light and the cavity mode. We also demonstrated that efficient operation can be obtained with a simple cavity configuration by using a dichroic output mirror, highly reflective at the pumping wavelength and partially reflective at the lasing wavelength. Experimental comparisons of this pumping method with single-pass pumping showed that the longitudinally double-pass-pumped Tm:YAG laser performs as well at room temperature as the single-pass-pumped laser performs at -10 degrees C.
The Effect of van der Waals and Viscous Forces on Aerosol Coagulation (1987)

An analysis is carried out to determine the combined effect of van der Waals and viscous fluid forces on coagulation of spherical aerosol particles in the free molecular, transition, and continuum regimes. The effect of viscous forces is taken into account by modifying the particle diffusion coefficient. An asymptotic solution is substituted for the classical formulation of viscous forces. The results of free molecular and continuum regimes are then extended to the transition size range by an interpolation formula.
Targeting the Oncogenic FGF-FGFR Axis in Gastric Carcinogenesis (2019)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most wide-spread malignancies in the world. The oncogenic role of signaling of fibroblast growing factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) in gastric tumorigenesis has been gradually elucidated by recent studies. The expression pattern and clinical correlations of FGF and FGFR family members have been comprehensively delineated. Among them, FGF18 and FGFR2 demonstrate the most prominent driving role in gastric tumorigenesis with gene amplification or somatic mutations and serve as prognostic biomarkers. FGF-FGFR promotes tumor progression by crosstalking with multiple oncogenic pathways and this provides a rational therapeutic strategy by co-targeting the crosstalks to achieve synergistic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FGF-FGFR signaling in gastric adenocarcinoma together with the current targeted strategies in aberrant FGF-FGFR activated GC cases.
Semiquinone Intermediates in the Two‐Electron Reduction of Quinones in Aqueous Media and their Exceptionally High Reactivity towards Oxygen Reduction (2011)

We report the catalytic anthraquinone-mediated reduction of oxygen at a boron-doped diamond electrode. Scheme of squares modelling confirms the existence of and reveals the role of the semiquinone intermediates, which are shown to have an exceptional reactivity towards oxygen (as compared to the di-reduced anthraquinone).
Iron loading of cultured cardiac myocytes modifies sarcolemmal structure and increases lysosomal fragility. (1993)

The mechanism of damage to myocardial subcellular organelles was studied in iron-loaded rat myocardial cells in culture in an attempt to identify the primary target of iron's toxic effects. Lysosomes and sarcolemmal membranes were purified by fractionation of the postnuclear supernatant on a 6.7% colloidal polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica gradient. After 24-hour incubation with ferric ammonium citrate at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml (0.36 mmol/L) iron, a selective depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in whole-cell homogenates, as well as in the postnuclear supernatant and sediment. Iron loading resulted in a sharp increase in the total activity of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase in unfractionated whole-cell homogenates, increased free enzyme activity, and loss of latent activity indicating increased lysosomal fragility. Conversely, iron loading resulted in a marked decrease in the activity of the sarcolemmal enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and a significant loss of total protein sulfhydryl group content. These studies in cultured heart cells are in agreement with previous observations indicating increased lysosomal fragility in iron-loaded hepatic and splenic tissues, attributed to increased membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, the marked decrease in sarcolemmal 5'-nucleotidase activity and in total protein sulfhydryl group content imply that iron-induced peroxidative damage to membrane proteins may be a more important mechanism in the pathogenesis of altered myocardial function in the iron-loaded heart than formerly was recognized.
Synthesis of the C1−C13 Fragment of Leucascandrolide A (2000)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of the C1-C13 fragment 3 of leucascandrolide A has been completed utilizing a stereoselective and regioselective reductive cleavage of a highly functionalized spiroketal to incorporate the cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyan. The spiroketal was constructed by addition of a lithiated pyrone 5 to aldehyde 6.
Human mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted lactate induces M2-macrophage differentiation by metabolic reprogramming (2016)

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to dampen immune response and promote tissue repair, but the underlying mechanisms are still under investigation. Herein, we demonstrate that umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) alter the phenotype and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) through lactate-mediated metabolic reprogramming. UC-MSC can secrete large quantities of lactate and, when present during monocyte-to-DC differentiation, induce instead the acquisition of M2-macrophage features in terms of morphology, surface markers, migratory properties and antigen presentation capacity. Microarray expression profiling indicates that UC-MSC modify the expression of metabolic-related genes and induce a M2-macrophage expression signature. Importantly, monocyte-derived DC obtained in presence of UC-MSC, polarize naïve allogeneic CD4+ T-cells into Th2 cells. Treatment of UC-MSC with an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase strongly decreases lactate concentration in culture supernatant and abrogates the effect on monocyte-to-DC differentiation. Metabolic analysis further revealed that UC-MSC decrease oxidative phosphorylation in differentiating monocytes while strongly increasing the spare respiratory capacity proportional to the amount of secreted lactate. Because both MSC and monocytes are recruited in vivo at the site of tissue damage and inflammation, we propose the local increase of lactate concentration induced by UC-MSC and the consequent enrichment in M2-macrophage generation as a mechanism to achieve immunomodulation.
Analytic modeling and FEM simulation of a resonant micromachined magnetic field sensor (2004)

In this paper, analytic modeling and simulation results are described for a new design of micromachined resonant magnetic field sensor. The sensing methodology for this design is based on measuring the shift in the resonant frequency of an electrostatic comb-drive resonator, when the sensor is exposed to an external magnetic field. An analytic model of the sensor is derived and its results are compared against those obtained from finite element simulations in ANSYS. The finite element simulation results suggest that the sensitivity of the sensor is about 213 Hz/T.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturer Assistance Programs (2002)

Pharmaceutical companies' medication assistance programs can be used to reduce individual patient drug expenditures and improve patient outcomes by increasing medication access to those in need.
An Allosteric Potentiator of the Dopamine D1 Receptor Increases Locomotor Activity in Human D1 Knock-In Mice without Causing Stereotypy or Tachyphylaxis (2016)

Allosteric potentiators amplify the sensitivity of physiologic control circuits, a mode of action that could provide therapeutic advantages. This hypothesis was tested with the dopamine D1 receptor potentiator DETQ [2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-((1S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethan-1-one]. In human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing the human D1 receptor, DETQ induced a 21-fold leftward shift in the cAMP response to dopamine, with a K<sub>b</sub> of 26 nM. The maximum response to DETQ alone was ∼12% of the maximum response to dopamine, suggesting weak allosteric agonist activity. DETQ was ∼30-fold less potent at rat and mouse D1 receptors and was inactive at the human D5 receptor. To enable studies in rodents, an hD1 knock-in mouse was generated. DETQ (3-20 mg/kg orally) caused a robust (∼10-fold) increase in locomotor activity (LMA) in habituated hD1 mice but was inactive in wild-type mice. The LMA response to DETQ was blocked by the D1 antagonist SCH39166 and was dependent on endogenous dopamine. LMA reached a plateau at higher doses (30-240 mg/kg) even though free brain levels of DETQ continued to increase over the entire dose range. In contrast, the D1 agonists SKF 82958, A-77636, and dihydrexidine showed bell-shaped dose-response curves with a profound reduction in LMA at higher doses; video-tracking confirmed that the reduction in LMA caused by SKF 82958 was due to competing stereotyped behaviors. When dosed daily for 4 days, DETQ continued to elicit an increase in LMA, whereas the D1 agonist A-77636 showed complete tachyphylaxis by day 2. These results confirm that allosteric potentiators may have advantages compared with direct-acting agonists.