gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model for keratinocyte gene therapy: preclinical and therapeutic considerations. (1996)

Gene transfer to the skin is essential for correcting genetic disorders and studying skin biology. Previous attempts at in vivo gene transfer have employed replication-deficient adenovirus injected subcutaneously and plasmid DNA propelled by a gene gun. In this report, we used mouse skin as a model and evaluated the efficiency of these two methods. Using the luciferase reporter gene, we found that adenovirus injected subcutaneously transduced primarily cells in the dermis. However, particle bombardment of skin by gene gun delivered the reporter gene mainly into the epidermis. When mouse skin was bombarded with a DNA construct expressing human TGF-alpha, the epidermis of the treated mice showed localized epidermal acanthosis and hypergranulosis, which resembled the histological phenotype of previously described transgenic mice overexpressing TGF-alpha in the epidermis. These results suggest that the gene gun may be an effective tool for epidermal gene transfer and could be potentially useful in determining in vivo effects of growth factors and cytokines on the epidermis.
Ungesättigte Oxime, 14. Mitt. Halogensubstituierte 4‐Phenyl‐3‐buten‐2‐on‐oxime (1977)

Abstract Fluor‐, chlor‐ und bromsubstituierte 4‐Phenyl‐3‐buten‐2‐on‐oxime werden aus ihren Ketonen dargestellt und in ihre Isomere aufgetrennt. Die (E)‐Isomere der 2‐substituierten Oxime haben im Gegensatz zu denen der in 3‐ und 4‐Stellung substituierten Verbindungen nichtäquivalente Vinyl‐wasserstoffe, deren Zuordnung getroffen wird.
Ecology of the Microbial Community Removing Phosphate from Wastewater under Continuously Aerobic Conditions in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (2007)

All activated sludge systems for removing phosphate microbiologically are configured so the biomass is cycled continuously through alternating anaerobic and aerobic zones. This paper describes a novel aerobic process capable of decreasing the amount of phosphate from 10 to 12 mg P liter(-1) to less than 0.1 mg P liter(-1) (when expressed as phosphorus) over an extended period from two wastewaters with low chemical oxygen demand. One wastewater was synthetic, and the other was a clarified effluent from a conventional activated sludge system. Unlike anaerobic/aerobic enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) processes where the organic substrates and the phosphate are supplied simultaneously to the biomass under anaerobic conditions, in this aerobic process, the addition of acetate, which begins the feed stage, is temporally separated from the addition of phosphate, which begins the famine stage. Conditions for establishing this process in a sequencing batch reactor are detailed, together with a description of the changes in poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and poly(P) levels in the biomass occurring under the feed and famine regimes, which closely resemble those reported in anaerobic/aerobic EBPR processes. Profiles obtained with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were very similar for communities fed both wastewaters, and once established, these communities remained stable over prolonged periods of time. 16S rRNA-based clone libraries generated from the two communities were also very similar. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)/microautoradiography and histochemical staining revealed that "Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis" bacteria were the dominant poly(P)-accumulating organisms (PAO) in both communities, with the phenotype expected for PAO. FISH also identified large numbers of betaproteobacterial Dechloromonas and alphaproteobacterial tetrad-forming organisms related to Defluviicoccus in both communities, but while these organisms assimilated acetate and contained intracellular PHA during the feed stages, they never accumulated poly(P) during the cycles, consistent with the phenotype of glycogen-accumulating organisms.
Laboratory determination of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in tumor cells from patients with leukemia, using a fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) (1992)

An automated fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) based on the measurement of fluorescence generated from cellular hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) to fluorescein was employed for chemotherapeutic-drug-sensitivity testing of tumor-cell suspensions from patients with leukemia. Fluorescence was linearly related to cell number, and reproducible measurements of drug sensitivity could be performed using fresh or cryopreserved leukemia cells. A marked heterogeneity with respect to chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity was observed for a panel of cytotoxic drugs tested in 43 samples from 35 patients with treated or untreated acute and chronic leukemia. For samples obtained from patients with chronic lymphocytic and acute myelocytic leukemia, sensitivity profiles for standard drugs corresponded to known clinical activity and the assay detected primary and acquired drug resistance. Individual in vitro/in vivo correlations indicated high specificity with respect to the identification of drug resistance. The results suggest that the FMCA may be a simple and rapid method for in vivo-representative determinations of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in tumor cells obtained from patients with leukemia.
How RhoGDI binds Rho (1999)

Like all Rho (Ras homology) GTPases, RhoA functions as a molecular switch in cell signaling, alternating between GTP- and GDP-bound states, with its biologically inactive GDP-bound form maintained as a cytosolic complex with RhoGDI (guanine nucleotide-exchange inhibitor). The crystal structures of RhoA-GDP and of the C-terminal immunoglobulin-like domain of RhoGDI (residues 67-203) are known, but the mechanism by which the two proteins interact is not known. The functional human RhoA-RhoGDI complex has been expressed in yeast and crystallized (P6(5)22, unit-cell parameters a = b = 139, c = 253 A, two complexes in the asymmetric unit). Although diffraction from these crystals extends to 3.5 A and is highly anisotropic, the experimentally phased (MAD plus MIR) electron-density map was adequate to reveal the mutual disposition of the two molecules. The result was validated by molecular-replacement calculations when data were corrected for anisotropy. Furthermore, the N-terminus of RhoGDI (the region involved in inhibition of nucleotide exchange) can be identified in the electron-density map: it is bound to the switch I and switch II regions of RhoA, occluding an epitope which binds Dbl-like nucleotide-exchange factors. The entrance of the hydrophobic pocket of RhoGDI is 25 A from the last residue in the RhoA model, with its C-terminus oriented to accommodate the geranylgeranyl group without conformational change in RhoA.
Graphical analysis of computer log files (1994)

article Free Access Share on Graphical analysis of computer log files Authors: Stephen G. Eick AT&T Bell Labs., Naperville, IL AT&T Bell Labs., Naperville, ILView Profile , Michael C. Nelson Hewlett Packard, Vancouver, WA Hewlett Packard, Vancouver, WAView Profile , Jerry D. Schmidt AT&T Bell Labs., Naperville, IL AT&T Bell Labs., Naperville, ILView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 37Issue 12Dec. 1994pp 50–56https://doi.org/10.1145/198366.198378Published:01 December 1994Publication History 25citation601DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads601Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Integration of Design for Manufacturing Methods With Topology Optimization in Additive Manufacturing (2016)

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are used to fabricate complex geometries using a layer-by-layer material deposition technique. These processes are recognized for creating complex shapes which are difficult to manufacture otherwise and enable designers to be more creative with their designs. However, as AM is still in its developing stages, relevant literature with respect to design guidelines for AM is not readily available. This paper proposes a novel design methodology which can assist designers in creating parts that are friendly to additive manufacturing. The research includes formulation of design guidelines by studying the relationship between input part geometry and AM process parameters. Two cases are considered for application of the developed design guidelines. The first case presents a feature graph-based design improvement method in which a producibility index (PI) concept is introduced to compare AM friendly designs. This method is useful for performing manufacturing validation of pre-existing designs and modifying it for better manufacturability through AM processes. The second approach presents a topology optimization-based design methodology which can help designers in creating entirely new lightweight designs which can be manufactured using AM processes with ease. Application of both these methods is presented in the form of case studies depicting design evolution for increasing manufacturability and associated producibility index of the part.
A spatio-temporal recurrent network for salmon feeding action recognition from underwater videos in aquaculture (2019)

Recent developments have shown that Deep Learning approaches are well suited for Human Action Recognition. On the other hand, the application of deep learning for action or behaviour recognition in other domains such as animal or livestock is comparatively limited. Action recognition in fish is a particularly challenging task due to specific research challenges such as the lack of distinct poses in fish behavior and the capture of spatio-temporal changes. Action recognition of salmon is valuable in relation to managing and optimizing many aquaculture operations today such as feeding, as one of the most costly operations in aquaculture. Inspired by these application domains and research challenges we introduce a deep video classification network for action recognition of salmon from underwater videos. We propose a Dual-Stream Recurrent Network (DSRN) to automatically capture the spatio-temporal behavior of salmon during swimming. The DSRN combines the spatial and motion-temporal information through the use of a spatial network, a 3D-convolutional motion network and a LSTM recurrent classification network. The DSRN shows an accuracy that is suitable for industrial use in prediction of salmon behavior with a prediction accuracy of 80%, validated on the task of predicting Feeding and NonFeeding behavior in salmon at a real fish farm during production. Our results show that the DSRN architecture has high potential in feeding action recognition for salmon in aquaculture and for applications domains lacking distinct poses and with dynamic spatio-temporal changes.
Biologically Inspired Mobile Robot Vision Localization (2009)

We present a robot localization system using biologically inspired vision. Our system models two extensively studied human visual capabilities: (1) extracting the ldquogistrdquo of a scene to produce a coarse localization hypothesis and (2) refining it by locating salient landmark points in the scene. Gist is computed here as a holistic statistical signature of the image, thereby yielding abstract scene classification and layout. Saliency is computed as a measure of interest at every image location, which efficiently directs the time-consuming landmark-identification process toward the most likely candidate locations in the image. The gist features and salient regions are then further processed using a Monte Carlo localization algorithm to allow the robot to generate its position. We test the system in three different outdoor environments-building complex (38.4 m times 54.86 m area, 13 966 testing images), vegetation-filled park (82.3 m times 109.73 m area, 26 397 testing images), and open-field park (137.16 m times 178.31 m area, 34 711 testing images)-each with its own challenges. The system is able to localize, on average, within 0.98, 2.63, and 3.46 m, respectively, even with multiple kidnapped-robot instances.
The radiative forcing potential of different climate geoengineering options (2009)

Abstract. Climate geoengineering proposals seek to rectify the Earth's current and potential future radiative imbalance, either by reducing the absorption of incoming solar (shortwave) radiation, or by removing CO2 from the atmosphere and transferring it to long-lived reservoirs, thus increasing outgoing longwave radiation. A fundamental criterion for evaluating geoengineering options is their climate cooling effectiveness, which we quantify here in terms of radiative forcing potential. We use a simple analytical approach, based on energy balance considerations and pulse response functions for the decay of CO2 perturbations. This aids transparency compared to calculations with complex numerical models, but is not intended to be definitive. It allows us to compare the relative effectiveness of a range of proposals. We consider geoengineering options as additional to large reductions in CO2 emissions. By 2050, some land carbon cycle geoengineering options could be of comparable magnitude to mitigation "wedges", but only stratospheric aerosol injections, albedo enhancement of marine stratocumulus clouds, or sunshades in space have the potential to cool the climate back toward its pre-industrial state. Strong mitigation, combined with global-scale air capture and storage, afforestation, and bio-char production, i.e. enhanced CO2 sinks, might be able to bring CO2 back to its pre-industrial level by 2100, thus removing the need for other geoengineering. Alternatively, strong mitigation stabilising CO2 at 500 ppm, combined with geoengineered increases in the albedo of marine stratiform clouds, grasslands, croplands and human settlements might achieve a patchy cancellation of radiative forcing. Ocean fertilisation options are only worthwhile if sustained on a millennial timescale and phosphorus addition may have greater long-term potential than iron or nitrogen fertilisation. Enhancing ocean upwelling or downwelling have trivial effects on any meaningful timescale. Our approach provides a common framework for the evaluation of climate geoengineering proposals, and our results should help inform the prioritisation of further research into them.
Nucleotide sequence of the human<i>β</i>-actin promoter 5′ flanking region (1987)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the human β -actin promoter 5′ flanking region Get access Neil G. Miyamoto Neil G. Miyamoto Division of Biological Research, The Ontario Cancer Institute, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto500 Sherbourne Street, Toronto, Ontario, M4X 1K9, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 21, 11 November 1987, Page 9095, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.21.9095 Published: 11 November 1987 Article history Received: 04 September 1987 Published: 11 November 1987
A Wideband CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier With an Exponential Gain Control (2007)

A CMOS wideband cascaded variable gain amplifier (VGA) with a temperature-independent exponential gain control characteristic is presented in this paper. The exponential gain control function is realized using parasitic bipolar transistors and a control signal converter. The bandwidth is extended using an inductive peaking technique for high-frequency operations. The gain of the VGA varies from -38.8 to 55.3 dB in relation to the control voltage that varies from 0 to 1.8 V. The bandwidth of the proposed VGA is approximately 900 MHz with a gain control range of 94.1 dB. The proposed VGA includes a dc offset cancellation loop to avoid amplification of the dc offset. The VGA is powered by 1.8 V with 11.4 mA. The VGA chip including bondpads occupies an area of 850 mum times 490 mum.
Microstamping of a Biological Ligand onto an Activated Polymer Surface (2000)

Patterning of bioligands and proteins onto surfaces has important applications in tissue engineering and biosensor fabrication, but until now the best results have utilized organic films on gold. These authors present a new method (MAPS), and demonstrate its use by micropatterning a biotin ligand onto the widely used biomaterial poly(ethylene terephthalate), shown in the Figure.
Protein migration into nuclei. II. Frog oocyte nuclei accumulate a class of microinjected oocyte nuclear proteins and exclude a class of microinjected oocyte cytoplasmic proteins. (1975)

Nuclear contents or cytoplasm from Xenopus oocytes labeled with (35-S)methionine or (3-H)proline (donor oocytes) were reinjected into unlabeled oocytes (recipient oocytes). The radioactivity injected as nuclear contents was found to enter and accumulate in the recipient oocyte nucleus. In contrast, the radioactivity injected as cytoplasm was found to enter but not to accumulate in the recipient oocyte nucleus. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of the nucleus and cytoplasm of donor oocytes revealed the existence of three classes of labeled proteins in these oocytes: those proteins found predominantly in the nucleus (N proteins), those found predominantly in the cytoplasm (C proteins), and those found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm at similar concentrations (B proteins). SDS gel electrophoresis of the nucleus and cytoplasm of recipient oocytes showed that N proteins entered and accumulated in the nucleus but that B proteins partitioned about equally between the nucleus and cytoplasm. A similar analysis of oocytes injected with labeled cytoplasm showed that C proteins did not enter the nucleus but again B proteins partitioned about equally between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Catabolism Of Hyaluronan (2024)

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, hyaluronate, HYA; for nomenclature, see Balazs et al. 1 ) is a polysaccharide found extracellularly in all tissues and tissue fluids but at the highest concentrations in soft connective tissue. It is therefore often regarded as a typical connective tissue component. Recent developments of new analytical techniques have made it possible to quantitate nanogram amounts of HYA and it has subsequently been found that increased concentration of the polysaccharide in blood and other body fluids is a sensitive marker of various pathological conditions. 2 This has given an impetus to the research on the catabolic pathways of HYA to be reviewed in this chapter.
Optimization of switching conditions in distribution power subsystem (2015)

To improve function of distribution power subsystem, systematic researches of optimization methods based on modern analytic techniques, have been performed recently. Therefore, several specialized algorithms for power flow and power losses calculations in electric distribution subsystem are developed. Distribution power subsystem 10 kV with 212 buses and 72 switches is analysed in this paper. Stochastic optimization based on simulated annealing method is applied. The aim of analysis is to determine the optimal network switching condition of minimum losses, with the precondition of keeping the stable voltages on all buses. Simulations are performed for two initial configurations with different initial annealing temperatures and cooling speeds. All parameters of distribution network components have constant values. The results show that the obtained solutions are with better efficiency than those that are chosen initially.
Network Development in Mixed Step-Chain Growth Thiol−Vinyl Photopolymerizations (2006)

In this study, we develop a modeling framework based on combined kinetic and statistical modeling approaches to describe pregelation and postgelation network properties of polymerization kinetics dependent mixed step-chain growth polymerizations. Specifically, we utilize this modeling framework to predict the evolution of weight-average molecular weight, gel point conversion, and cross-linking density of binary and ternary thiol−vinyl systems, with simultaneous step and chain growth polymerizations. Conversion dependent kinetics and directionality of network structures are addressed in this study. We first determine polymerization kinetics driven probability parameters that define the nearest neighbor pairs. These probability parameters are then employed in a recursive statistical modeling framework to develop relationships that describe the network structure. The modeling predictions indicate that both thiol−acrylate and thiol−ene−acrylate systems provide a facile means to control network properties such as the gel point conversion and cross-linking density, with changes in monomer functionalities and their initial stoichiometric compositions. Thus, these novel thiol−vinyl systems provide a facile route to expand upon the property ranges that are available through either pure step growth or pure chain growth polymerizations.
Correlation between geometry and nanobubble distribution on HOPG surface (2008)

We show that the distribution of nanobubbles is inhomogeneous on the (under-water) surface of highly orientated pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), reflecting the atomic steps: The formation of nanobubbles is strongly enhanced at the upper side of the atomic steps, i.e., the most hydrophobic area on the surface. In contrast, no nanobubbles are formed at the lower side of the steps, i.e., the most hydrophilic area. The width of this nanobubble-free zone is approximately 20 nm. We thus establish a correlation between surface topography and nanobubble formation. In addition, we show that the profile of nanobubbles is sensitive to the applied AFM tip-force, demonstrating the deformability of nanobubbles.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS): A Challenge for Reliable Quantitative Analyses (2012)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is capable of determining the distribution of hundreds of molecules at once directly from tissue sections. Since tissues are analyzed intact without homogenization, spatial relationships of molecules are preserved. The technology is, therefore, undoubtedly powerful to investigate the molecular complexity of biological processes. However, several technical refinements are essential for full exploitation of MALDI-IMS to dictate dynamics alteration of biomolecules in situ; these include ways to collect tissues, target-specific tissue pretreatment, matrix choice for efficient ionization, and matrix deposition method to improve imaging resolution. Furthermore, for MALDI-IMS to reach its full potential, quantitative property in the IMS should be strengthened. We review the challenges and new approaches for optimal imaging of proteins, lipids and metabolites, highlighting a novel quantitative IMS of energy metabolites in the recent literature.