gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust parylene-to-silicon mechanical anchoring (2003)

This paper describes a new technique for strongly anchoring parylene (poly-para-xylylene) layers on a silicon substrate. Parylene has gained interest for MEMS applications due to its excellent properties. More specifically, because of its flexibility (Young's modulus of 4 GPa), its chemical barrier properties, its conformal deposition and its biocompatibility, parylene is of great interest for microfluidics and BioMEMS. One of the issues with parylene processing is adhesion and delamination problems, occurring during fabrication or during device operation. Here, we report a new technique for anchoring parylene films on silicon using DRIE-etched trenches and anchors. We demonstrate a new way to completely protect the adhesion of parylene even when exposed to aggressive chemicals.
Targeting Health Care–Associated Infections: Evidence-Based Strategies (2008)

A number of factors can lead to the development of health care–associated infections in the hospital setting, including increasing patient acuity levels, chronically ill and acutely ill patients who harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Health care–associated infections can significantly impact patient outcomes, including morbidity and mortality rates, length of hospital stay, and costs of care. Therefore, focusing on health care–associated infections is an important aspect of providing quality health care.A targeted approach to infection in hospitalized settings includes prevention measures, early recognition and treatment of infection, appropriate use of antimicrobials, and measures to prevent the transmission of infection among hospitalized patients. This chapter has reviewed the evidence-based knowledge on health care–associated infections—including hospital-associated pneumonia, urinary tract infection, catheter-related bloodstream infection, sepsis, and antibiotic-resistant infections—highlighting important information for nurses caring for hospitalized patients. Nurses can play a key role in the prevention, identification, and management of infections in hospitalized patients through the use of evidence-based measures to ensure a safe health care environment for hospitalized patients.
Three-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing of holographic patterns (2016)

Two-photon excitation with temporally focused pulses can be combined with phase-modulation approaches, such as computer-generated holography and generalized phase contrast, to efficiently distribute light into two-dimensional, axially confined, user-defined shapes. Adding lens-phase modulations to 2D-phase holograms enables remote axial pattern displacement as well as simultaneous pattern generation in multiple distinct planes. However, the axial confinement linearly degrades with lateral shape area in previous reports where axially shifted holographic shapes were not temporally focused. Here we report an optical system using two spatial light modulators to independently control transverse- and axial-target light distribution. This approach enables simultaneous axial translation of single or multiple spatiotemporally focused patterns across the sample volume while achieving the axial confinement of temporal focusing. We use the system's capability to photoconvert tens of Kaede-expressing neurons with single-cell resolution in live zebrafish larvae.
SENSITIVE THYROID‐STIMULATING ANTIBODY ASSAY WITH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF GRAVES' DISEASE (2004)

The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness of a newly developed thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) assay. We developed a highly sensitive TSAb (sTSAb) assay with 22.5% polyethylene glycol-precipitated crude IgG. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb) causes Graves' disease and TRAb has been measured as TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) and thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb). The TSAb stimulates the thyroid glands and causes hyperthyroidism. In addition to investigating the usefulness of the newly developed sTSAb assay, we also investigated the frequencies of positive TRAb in thyrotoxic patients with subacute thyroiditis, painless thyroiditis or a solitary toxic nodule. We studied 700 untreated Graves' patients with hyperthyroidism and 923 normal controls. We also studied thyrotoxic patients with subacute thyroiditis, painless thyroiditis or a solitary toxic nodule. Conventional TSAb (cTSAb) and sTSAb were measured as TSAb, whereas porcine TBII (pTBII) and human recombinant TBII (hTBII) were measured as TBII. Levels of cTSAb and sTSAb were determined in 923 normal controls and 629 untreated Graves' patients and cTSAb and sTSAb were found to be normally distributed in normal controls, but not in untreated Graves' patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that cTSAb and sTSAb had high sensitivity and specificity for Graves' disease. Of the patients investigated, 96.5% of untreated Graves' patients were positive for sTSAb and/or pTBII. Some untreated Graves' patients who were negative for cTSAb were positive for sTSAb. Paired determinations of cTSAb and sTSAb were performed in 146 untreated Graves' patients. A positive correlation was found between cTSAb and sTSAb. Titres of sTSAb were higher than those of cTSAb and sTSAb had high sensitivity. Of the 35 untreated Graves' hyperthyroid patients who were negative for cTSAb, 18 (51%) were positive for sTSAb. Of the 36 untreated Graves' patients who were negative for hTBII, nine (25%) were positive for sTSAb. Some untreated Graves' patients who were negative for cTSAb were positive for sTSAb and some who were negative for hTBII and pTBII were positive for sTSAb. 5. Some thyrotoxic patients with subacute thyroiditis or painless thyroiditis were positive for TRAb. However, the frequency of TRAb-positive patients was low in this group. None of the patients with a solitary toxic nodule was positive for TRAb. In conclusion, sTSAb had higher sensitivity than cTSAb. Graves' patients who were cTSAb negative and hTBII negative could be sTSAb positive. The sTSAb indicates TSAb activity, but pTBII and hTBII do not necessarily do so. We recommended that the sTSAb is used in Graves' patients.
A revolving iterative algorithm for decoding algebraic quasi-cyclic LDPC codes (2013)

An effective reduced-complexity min-sum algorithm for decoding algebraic quasi-cyclic LDPC codes is presented. The proposed decoding algorithm significantly reduces the hardware implementation complexity, the size of memory required to store information, and the computational complexity of a decoder with no or a small loss in performance compared to the scaled min-sum algorithm.
Speech act identification using an ontology-based partial pattern tree (2004)

This paper presents an ontology-based partial pattern tree to identify the speech act in a spoken dialogue system. This study first extracts the key words/concepts in an application domain using latent semantic analysis (LSA). A partial pattern tree is used to deal with the ill-formed sentence problem in a spoken dialogue system. Concept expansion based on domain ontology is adopted to improve system performance. For performance evaluation, a medical dialogue system with multiple services, including registration information, clinic information and FAQ information, is implemented. Four performance measures were separately used for evaluation. The speech act identification rate achieves 86.2%. A Task Success Rate of 77% is obtained. The contextual appropriateness of the system response is 78.5%. Finally, the correct rate for FAQ retrieval is 82% with an improvement of 15% in comparison with the keyword-based vector space model. The results show the proposed ontology-based partial pattern tree is effective for dialogue management.
Power socket programmable circuit breaker system (2008)

A Power Socket Programmable Circuit Breaker (PSPCB) system for electrical appliances and domestic power distribution box is presented in this paper. A prototype of PSPCB system was design and built with a BS1363 standard 3-pin wall power socket to demonstrate the PSPCB concept which allows electrical appliances to plug in and power up from the main supply. The user can set and program the circuit breaker power limit in watt or ampere unit that supply to the load through the computer control panel screen. Once overloaded in term of power or ampere rating the PSPCB will cut off and isolate the power supply to the load by deactivate the power relay switch for protection. The PSPCB can be reset to restore power supply to the electrical appliances from the computer control panel. The PSPCB system allows the user to monitor the power load usage, set the power limit to the load and reset the circuit breaker after overloaded.
[Analysis of NPM1 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia]. (2009)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene exon 12 mutation in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and its clinical characteristics. Genomic DNAs from 33 AML patients were amplified by PCR and sequencing for NPM1 mutations. The results showed that the NPM1 exon 12 mutations were found is 8 patients from 33 AML patients (24.2%) including 1 of M(1), 3 of M(2), 1 of M(4) and 3 of M(5). The NPM1 gene mutations were found in 7 out of 19 patients with normal karyotype and their incidence was significantly higher than that in patients with karyotype abnormalities (1/14, 7.1%, p < 0.005). The proportion of bone marrow blast cells and the count of peripheral white blood cells in patients with NPMI exon 12 mutation were higher than that in patients with wild type NPMI gene. It is concluded that the occurrence of NPM1 exon 12 mutations is observed more in AML patients with normal karyotype. NPM1 mutant cases are associated with more high amount of boon marrow blast cells and peripheral white blood cell count.
An Optimal Control Modification to Model-Reference Adaptive Control for Fast Adaptation (2008)

This paper presents a method that can achieve fast adaptation for a class of model-reference adaptive control. It is well-known that standard model-reference adaptive control exhibits high-gain control behaviors when a large adaptive gain is used to achieve fast adaptation in order to reduce tracking error rapidly. High gain control creates high-frequency oscillations that can excite unmodeled dynamics and can lead to instability. The fast adaptation approach is based on the minimization of the squares of the tracking error, which is formulated as an optimal control problem. The necessary condition of optimality is used to derive an adaptive law using the gradient method. This adaptive law is shown to result in uniform boundedness of the tracking error by means of the Lyapunov s direct method. Furthermore, this adaptive law allows a large adaptive gain to be used without causing undesired high-gain control effects. The method is shown to be more robust than standard model-reference adaptive control. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effect of morphogenesis on the infectivity of tissue. (1981)

A technique was standardised to develop callus cultures from leaf tissues of tobacco plants infected with CPO strain of tobacco mosaic virus. These leaf callus cultures had a higher virus titre than the callus cultures developed from other explants such as stem, as evidenced by bioassay on local lesion hosts. Morphogenetic dedifferentiation of callus culture influenced the virus titre of the cultured tissues. Caulogenic dedifferentiation of the callus culture induced higher virus titre than rhizogenic dedifferentiation. In the non-differentiated callus cultures, however, the introduction of histogenesis, as evidenced by the compact growth, did not affect the virus titre. The formation of chlorophyll in the callus culture cells also did not change the infectivity of the tissue and thereby the virus titre.
Mutations of TGFß signaling molecules in human disease (2006)

The transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway regulates several biological processes including cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition. Ligand and receptor family members signal through two main Smad signaling branches, TGFbeta/activin to Smad2/3 (Sma and MAD-related proteins) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to Smad1/5. At the molecular level, TGFbeta acts by modifying cytoskeletal organization and ultimately regulating expression of specific target genes. Germline disruption of TGFbeta signaling leads to several types of hereditary congenital malformation or dysfunction of the skeletal, muscular and/or cardiovascular systems, and to cancer predisposition syndromes. In this review, the molecular etiology of TGFbeta-associated disorders is examined, together with a discussion of clinical overlap between syndromes and possible biological explanations underlying the variable penetrance and expressivity of clinical characteristics. Increasing our understanding of the molecular etiology underlying genotype-phenotype correlations will ultimately provide a molecular-based approach that should result in better prognostic tools, smart therapeutics and individualized disease management, not only for these rare syndromes, but for more generalized disorders of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems and cancer. The clinical consequence of TGFbeta signaling mutations appears to depend on environmental factors and on the basal levels of ongoing signaling transduction networks specific to each individual. In this respect, genetic background might be a central factor in determining disease outcome and treatment strategy for TGFbeta-associated diseases.
Planisme français et démocratie (1953)

Franck Louis R. Planisme français et démocratie. In: Revue économique, volume 4, n°2, 1953. pp. 195-219.
Genetics or Environment? (2006)

Abstract Background/Aims: Dendritic cells (DCs), which play a critical role during immune response, could present alternative differentiation patterns depending on tissue microenvironment. Our aim was to examine the influence of hepatic microenvironment on human monocyte differentiation into DCs. Methods: Cytology, immunophenotyping, cytokine production and T-cell activation were analyzed in DCs differentiated from human monocytes co-cultured with rat liver epithelial cells (RLEC) or human cells from various tissue origins and compared to control DCs obtained on plastic with GM-CSF/IL-4. Results: RLEC environment promotes DC differentiation in the presence of IL-4 without GM-CSF. These DCs evidence similar expression of MHC-II, co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules than control DCs, but distinct lineage markers defining a CD11c + /CD14 + /CD123 + DC subset. This phenotype is common to DCs from RLEC and human liver environment and differs from that obtained with skin or intestine environments. Functionally, they produce IL-10 but not IL-12p70 and favor IL-4/IL-10 secretion by T-cells rather than IFN-γ. Conclusions: Our results confirm that tissue niches modulate DC differentiation and demonstrate that hepatic environment influences monocyte differentiation into a DC subset directing Th2 response, a key data for understanding the specialized immune response in liver. They also make RLEC co-culture system useful for studying liver DC functions.
Functional imaging of muscle cells by second harmonic generation (2006)

The intrinsically ordered arrays of proteins (mainly actin and myosin) constituting the myofibrils within muscle cells are at the basis of a strong Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) from muscle fibers and isolated myofibrils. We have characterized the SHG signal with regard to its polarization and potential source within the muscle cell. The lateral resolution that can be achieved through SHG imaging of muscle strongly depends on sample depth. In fact, a comparison between intact muscle fibers and single myofibrils demonstrates that, whereas in both cases the alternation of dark I bands and bright A bands is visible, the contours of these bands are much better resolved in myofibrils than in fibers. Further, imaging of myofibrils revealed the presence of a darker zone in the centre of the A band. These effects of scattering by tissue on the image resolution were also studied with regard to the polarization of the SHG signal. The polarization-dependence of SHG intensity represents a powerful tool for the investigation of the structural dynamics occurring in the emitting proteins during the active cycle of muscle contraction. The prospective to perform functional studies requires a complete characterization of the effects of scattering and possibly multiple emitting populations on the measured SHG signal. Also, SHG is extremely sensitive to the degree of order present in the filament array, offering an interesting potential in the development of non-invasive tools for the diagnosis of degenerative diseases affecting skeletal muscles.
Far upstream sequences are required for efficient transcription from the adenovirus-2 E1A transcription unit (1983)

We have investigated the requirement for sequences located upstream from the TATA box for efficient transcription from the Adenovirus-2 (Ad2) E1A promoter. A series of deletions located within the E1A promoter upstream sequences were introduced into recombinants which contain or do not contain the E1A structural sequences. The amount of E1A-specific RNA produced after transfection into HeLa cells was determined by quantitative S1 nuclease analysis. We demonstrate that sequences located more than 231 bp upstream from the E1A capsite are required for efficient transcription from the E1A promoter. However, the requirement for these stimulatory sequences is less pronounced in recombinants which contain the E1A structural sequences than in those in which these sequences have been deleted. We demonstrate also that these Ad2 stimulatory sequences activate transcription in cis when inserted upstream from the heterologous -34 to +33 Ad2 major late promoter (Ad2MLP) element which is otherwise inactive when transfected into HeLa cells. These results suggest that the 270 bp Ad2 left-terminal segment contains an enhancer-like element.
Electrodeposition, characterization, and antibacterial activity of zinc/silver particle composite coatings (2015)

Composite coatings consisting of zinc and silver particles (Zn/AgPs) with antibacterial activity were prepared using an electrodeposition technique. The morphology, composition, and structure of the Zn/AgPs composite coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial properties of the coatings against the microorganisms Escherichia coli as a model Gram-negative bacterium and Staphylococcus aureus as a model Gram-positive bacterium were studied quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed that the dispersant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted in the formation of a stable suspension of Ag particles in the electrolytic bath for 24 h. Likewise, a high concentration of CTAB in the electrolytic bath promoted an increase in the number of Ag particles occluded in the Zn/AgPs coatings. The Zn/AgPs coatings that were obtained were compact, smooth, and shiny materials. Antimicrobial tests performed on the Zn/AgPs coatings revealed that the inhibition of bacterial growth after 30 min of contact time was between 91% and 98% when the AgPs content ranged from 4.3 to 14.0 mg cm−3.
Single crystal diamond M–i–P diodes for power electronics (2007)

Its outstanding electronic properties and the recent advances in growing single-crystal chemically vapour-deposited substrates have made diamond a candidate for high-power applications. Diamond Schottky diodes have the potential of being an alternative to silicon p–i–n and SiC Schottky diodes in power electronic circuits. Extensive experimental and theoretical results, for both on- and off-state behaviour of metal–insulator–p-type diamond Schottky structures, are presented here. The temperature dependence of the forward characteristics and electrical performance of a termination structure suitable for unipolar diamond devices are also presented.
Guidelines for Carotid Endarterectomy (1995)

Indications for carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic good-risk patients with a surgeon whose surgical morbidity and mortality rate is less than 6% are as follows. (1) Proven: one or more TIAs in the past 6 months and carotid stenosis > or = 70% or mild stroke within 6 months and a carotid stenosis > or = 70%; (2) acceptable but not proven: TIAs within the past 6 months and a stenosis 50% to 69%, progressive stroke and a stenosis > or = 70%, mild or moderate stroke in the past 6 months and a stenosis 50% to 69%, or carotid endarterectomy ipsilateral to TIAs and a stenosis > or = 70% combined with required coronary artery bypass grafting; (3) uncertain: TIAs with a stenosis < 50%, mild stroke and stenosis < 50%, TIAs with a stenosis < 70% combined with coronary artery bypass grafting, or symptomatic, acute carotid thrombosis; (4) proven inappropriate: moderate stroke with stenosis < 50%, not on aspirin; single TIA, < 50% stenosis, not on aspirin; high-risk patient with multiple TIAs, not on aspirin, stenosis < 50%; high-risk patient, mild or moderate stroke, stenosis < 50%, not on aspirin; global ischemic symptoms with stenosis < 50%; acute dissection, asymptomatic on heparin. Indications for carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic good-risk patients performed by a surgeon whose surgical morbidity and mortality rate is less than 3% are as follows. (1) Proven: none. (As this statement went to press, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke issued a clinical advisory stating that the Institute has halted the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) because of a clear benefit in favor of surgery for patients with carotid stenosis > or = 60% as measured by diameter reduction. When the ACAS report is published, this indication will be recategorized as proven. (2) acceptable but not proven: stenosis > 75% by linear diameter; (3) uncertain; stenosis > 75% in a high-risk patient/surgeon (surgical morbidity and mortality rate > 3%), combined carotid/coronary operations, or ulcerative lesions without hemodynamically significant stenosis; (4) proven inappropriate: operations with a combined stroke morbidity and mortality > 5%.
Effect of silver ions on the reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic separation of retinyl esters (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of silver ions on the reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic separation of retinyl estersM. G. M. De Ruyter and A. P. De LeenheerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 1, 43–46Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50037a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50037a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts