gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metastatic but not primary melanoma cell lines grow <i>in vitro</i> independently of exogenous growth factors (1987)

Five out of 6 cell lines derived from metastatic melanoma lesions grew in a chemically defined base medium consisting of a mixture of calcium-supplemented MCDB 153 and L 15 media in the absence of any polypeptide growth factors. In contrast, under these conditions no growth was seen in any of 5 primary melanoma cell lines tested, including 2 cell lines from patients whose metastatic cells proliferated well in base medium. Growth stimulation of all 11 melanoma cell lines by epidermal growth factor (EGF), transferrin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 alone and in various combinations was studied. Insulin represented the strongest single growth factor for primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines. The metastatic cell lines remained growth-responsive to EGF, insulin and transferrin and responded more vigorously to these exogenously provided mitogens than the primary cell lines. No synergistic or additive growth effects of insulin, transferrin, or EGF for primary and metastatic cell lines were observed. Cross-linking studies with 125I-IGF-1 demonstrate surface expression of the type-I IGF receptor on melanoma cells. Growth stimulation by insulin and IGF-1 was inhibited by adding to the culture medium a monoclonal antibody to the type-I IGF receptor. Our studies indicate that IGF-1 and insulin are major growth factors for melanoma cells and act via the type-I IGF receptor.
Scanning Electrochemical Mapping of Spatially Localized Electrochemical Reactions Induced by Surface Potential Gradients (2006)

The influence of a surface potential gradient on the location and extent of electrochemical reactions was examined using a scanning electrochemical microscope. A linear potential gradient was imposed on the surface of a platinum-coated indium tin oxide electrode by applying two different potential values at the edges of the electrode. The applied potentials were used to control the location and extent of several electrochemical reactions, including the oxidation of Ru(NH3)6(2+), the oxidation of H2, and the oxidation of H2 in the presence of adsorbed CO. Scanning electrochemical mapping of these reactions was achieved by probing the feedback current associated with the oxidation products. The oxidation of Ru(NH3)6(2+) occurred at locations where the applied potential was positive of the formal potential of the Ru(NH3)6(2+/3+) redox couple. The position of this reaction on the surface could be spatially translated by manipulating the terminal potentials. The rate of hydrogen oxidation on the platinum-coated electrode varied spatially in the presence of a potential gradient and correlated with the nature of the electrode surface. High oxidation rates occurred at low potentials, with decreasing rates observed as the potential increased to values where platinum oxides formed. The extent of oxide formation versus position was confirmed with in-situ ellipsometry mapping. In the presence of adsorbed carbon monoxide, a potential gradient created a localized region of high activity for hydrogen oxidation at potentials between where carbon monoxide was adsorbed and platinum oxides formed. The position of this localized region of activity could be readily translated along the surface by changing the terminal potential values. The ability to manipulate electrochemical reactions spatially on a surface has potential application in microscale analytical devices as well as in the discovery and analysis of electrocatalytic systems.
Potentiation of rat brain tumor therapy by fluosol and carbogen. (1988)

We have been using the 9L rat brain tumor model to investigate the effect of the combination of a perfluorochemical emulsion, Fluosol-DA 20%, and carbogen breathing on the therapy of brain tumors. The combination of Fluosol, carbogen breathing, and carmustine (BCNU) was more effective at prolonging survival than was BCNU alone. This difference was small but significant (P less than 0.25). neither Fluosol without carbogen nor carbogen without Fluosol significantly altered the effect of BCNU. Fluosol and carbogen alone did not affect the survival of tumor-burdened rats. Fluosol and carbogen breathing did not alter the effect of single doses of radiation on these tumors. This result supports the hypothesis that 9L brain tumors contain few, if any, critical hypoxic cells. However, these tumors may contain cells which are oxygen deficient but not radiobiologically hypoxic. The Fluosol-carbogen combination may be changing the intratumor environment in such a way that the metabolism or activity of BCNU is altered.
<title>Core-based boundary claiming</title> (1994)

The core (defined in the accompanying paper by Morse) provides a means for characterizing the middle/width behavior of a figure, that is, an object or component thereof, directly from the image intensities and in a way insensitive to detail. The figures in question are either complete objects, contained subobjects, object protrusions, or object intrusions. The core provides the ability to claim regions of the image as including either the boundary information of an object or its protrusion or intrusion cores. The angulation in scale space, spatial position, and scale of a figure's core allows one to move from the core to a boundary at the scale of the figure. The core of protrusion and intrusion subfigures of the figure in question will intersect this boundary at the scale of the core. Moreover, if each point on the boundary at the scale of the core is blurred in proportion to the scale of the corresponding point on the core, a collar is formed within which the boundary of the figure can be found. We show how to find the collar and how stably to find the boundary, given the collar, even in noisy or blurred objects. This ability leads to an accurate, robust, automatic method of object area computation, and the generalization of this approach to 3D also provides the basis for efficient surface rendering and volume rendering.
Evidence of extrachromosomal forms of hepatitis B viral DNA in a bone marrow culture obtained from a patient recently infected with hepatitis B virus. (1984)

A cell culture that produces Dane-like particles was initiated from a bone marrow aspirate of an acute hepatitis B patient. By using Southern blot analysis and a recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA plasmid probe, extrachromosomal forms of HBV DNA were detected. The two forms of HBV DNA migrate as a closed circular 2.2-kb form and an open circular 3.9-kb form. There was no evidence of HBV DNA integration into the host genome.
Reluctantly Inspired: George MacDonald and J.R.R. Tolkien (2006)

Tolkien (1977) and his edition of Tolkien's letters (1981).These also make clear the fact that, much later in his life, Tolkien held a rather different and no longer particularly favorable opinion of MacDonald and his works.But despite the indications of a causal line of inspiration between MacDonald and Tolkien, relatively little subsequent work on the subject has been done. 2In the present article, I hope to address this deficit in the scholarship, albeit briefly, by examining the influence of MacDonald's fantasy writings for children on several key works by Tolkien.Moreover, I believe that one can see evidence of the two distinct attitudes toward MacDonald in Tolkien's fiction: one that is very much indebted to and influenced by MacDonald, and another, later one in which Tolkien has made a complete volte face from his earlier view.Exactly when and why this occurred and what
A method for measuring the complexity of image databases (2002)

We present a framework for measuring the complexity of image databases, which characterizes the databases for image retrieval. Motivated from the concept of text corpus perplexity, the complexity of image databases is formulated based on image database statistics and information theory. We propose a quantitative metric which can be used to measure the degree of difficulty to retrieve images based on contents of the database. This metric is independent of queries, hence, it is objective. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world images demonstrate that the proposed measurement is highly effective in quantitatively measuring the contents of image databases for content-based retrieval.
Enhancement of Solubility: A Pharmaceutical Overview (2010)

The study on solubility yields information about the structure and intermolecular forces of drugs. Use of the solubility characteristics in bioavailability, pharmacological action and solubility enhancement of various poorly soluble compounds is a challenging task for researchers and pharmaceutical scientists. General parameters affecting solubility are particle size, shape and surface area physicochemical properties of drugs, physical forms of drugs, solvents, pH of the medium, temperature and use of surfactants
Molecular and Immunological Aspects of Cell Proliferation (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Cell Cycle and Its Importance in Clinical Pathology Molecular Control of the Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Control The Cell Cycle and Cancer Immunocytochemical Markers of Proliferating Cells References Further Reading
Rehabilitationsergebnisse von 766 Therapiebeendern in den Hamburger Sozialtherapeutischen Wohngemeinschaften für Drogenabhängige (2004)

Untersuchung wurde gefrdert von der LVA Hamburg. Zusammenfassung Studienziel: Es wurden die Therapieverlufe und -ergebnisseinsbesondere die Integration in Arbeit/Ausbildung -in den Hamburger Sozialtherapeutischen Wohngemeinschaften fr Drogenabhngige anhand des Selbstevaluationssystems der Einrichtungen ausgewertet. Weiterhin wurde berprft, inwieweit Therapieergebnisse mit Klienten-oder Therapieprozessmerkmalen zusammenhingen. Untersuchungsgruppe: Alle Beender der stationren Abstinenztherapie der Jahre 1998 -2002 im Projekt JORK-Jugendhilfe e. V. und bei Jugend hilft Jugend e. V. (n =
A Septal-Hypothalamic Pathway Drives Orexin Neurons, Which Is Necessary for Conditioned Cocaine Preference (2012)

Orexins (also called hypocretins) have been shown to be importantly involved in reward and addiction, but little is known about the circuitry that regulates orexin neuronal activity during drug-seeking behaviors. Here, we examined inputs to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) orexin cell field from the lateral septum (LS) using tract-tracing and Fos immunohistochemistry after cocaine (10 mg/kg) conditioned place preference (CPP) in Sprague Dawley rats. We found that neurons in rostral LS (LSr) that project to LH are Fos-activated in proportion to cocaine CPP, and that inhibition of LSr neurons with local baclofen and muscimol microinjection (0.3/0.03 nmol) blocks expression of Fos in LH orexin cells and cocaine preference. In addition, using local inactivation in LS and orexin antisense morpholinos in LH, we found that LSr influences on LH orexin neurons are critical for the expression of cocaine preference. These results indicate that LSr activates LH orexin neurons during cocaine place preference, and that this circuit is essential for expression of cocaine place preference.
Parkinson-like neurodegeneration induced by targeted overexpression of alpha-synuclein in the nigrostriatal system. (2002)

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors display efficient tropism for transduction of the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra. Taking advantage of this unique property of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors, we expressed wild-type and A53T mutated human alpha-synuclein in the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons of adult rats for up to 6 months. Cellular and axonal pathology, including alpha-synuclein-positive cytoplasmic inclusions and swollen, dystrophic neurites similar to those seen in brains from patients with Parkinson's disease, developed progressively over time. These pathological alterations occurred preferentially in the nigral dopamine neurons and were not observed in other nondopaminergic neurons transduced by the same vectors. The degenerative changes were accompanied by a loss of 30-80% of the nigral dopamine neurons, a 40-50% reduction of striatal dopamine, and tyrosine hydroxylase levels that was fully developed by 8 weeks. Significant motor impairment developed in those animals in which dopamine neuron cell loss exceeded a critical threshold of 50-60%. At 6 months, signs of cell body and axonal pathology had subsided, suggesting that the surviving neurons had recovered from the initial insult, despite the fact that alpha-synuclein expression was maintained at a high level. These results show that nigral dopamine neurons are selectively vulnerable to high levels of either wild-type or mutant alpha-synuclein, pointing to a key role for alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Targeted overexpression of alpha-synuclein in the nigrostriatal system may provide a new animal model of Parkinson's disease that reproduces some of the cardinal pathological, neurochemical, and behavioral features of the human disease.
Diagnosis of thin melanoma. (1997)

Duodeno-jejunal adenocarcinoma and coeliac diseaseWe read with interest the report by MacGowan et al of two cases of duodenojejunal adenocarcinoma representing a first presentation of coeliac disease.'We have recently encountered a similar case of coeliac disease presenting initially as a periampullary adenocarcinoma, in which changes of severe villous atrophy and an associated lymphocytic gastritis were present in the Whipple's resection specimen.
Hypertonic saline increases lung epithelial lining fluid glutathione and thiocyanate: two protective CFTR-dependent thiols against oxidative injury (2010)

While the concentrations of GSH and SCN associated with the WT ELF protect against HOCl toxicity, those found in the CFTR KO mice were less sufficient to inhibit cell injury. These data suggests that CFTR has important roles in exporting GSH and SCN which are protective against oxidants and that hypertonic saline treatment may have beneficial effects by increasing their levels in the lung.
Selected strategies for the synthesis of triphenylenes (2004)

This tutorial review surveys the most useful strategies for the synthesis of triphenylenes. It is aimed at organic chemists in general and, in particular, synthetic chemists interested in the development of advanced materials for organic electronic devices. The synthetic strategies considered are classified according to the structures of their key intermediates. Selected examples illustrate the variety of target structures and the method(s) of choice for their synthesis.
Wall shear stress measurement method based on parallel flow model near vascular wall in echography (2017)

A high-risk vessel of arteriosclerosis is detected by assessing wall shear stress (WSS), which is calculated from the distribution of velocity in a blood flow. A novel echographic method for measuring WSS, which aims to distinguish a normal vessel from a high-risk vessel, is proposed. To achieve this aim, the measurement error should be less than 28.8%. The proposed method is based on a flow model for the area near a vascular wall under a parallel-flow assumption to avoid the influences of error factors. This was verified by an in vitro experiment in which the WSS of a carotid artery phantom was measured. According to the experimental results, the WSS measured by the proposed method correlated with the ground truth measured by particle image velocimetry; in particular, the correlation coefficient and measurement error between them were respectively 0.70 and 27.4%. The proposed method achieved the target measurement performance.
Biopolymers of activated sludge (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiopolymers of activated sludgeLowell L. Wallen and Edwin N. DavisCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1972, 6, 2, 161–164Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60061a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es60061a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diet eyeglasses: Recognising food chewing using EMG and smart eyeglasses (2016)

We utilise smart eyeglasses for dietary monitoring, in particular to sense food chewing. Our approach is based on a 3D-printed regular eyeglasses design that could accommodate processing electronics and Electromyography (EMG) electrodes. Electrode positioning was analysed and an optimal electrode placement at the temples was identified. We further compared gel and dry fabric electrodes. For the subsequent analysis, fabric electrodes were attached to the eyeglasses frame. The eyeglasses were used in a data recording study with eight participants eating different foods. Two chewing cycle detection methods and two food classification algorithms were compared. Detection rates for individual chewing cycles reached a precision and recall of 80%. For five foods, classification accuracy for individual chewing cycles varied between 43% and 71%. Majority voting across intake sequences improved accuracy, ranging between 63% and 84%. We concluded that EMG-based chewing analysis using smart eyeglasses can contribute essential chewing structure information to dietary monitoring systems, while the eyeglasses remain inconspicuous and thus could be continuously used.
Healthy ageing: the beneficial effect of dietary supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate on arterial elasticity in elderly mice (2009)

The study employed mechanical stretching <em>in vitro</em> of sections of abdominal aorta of elderly mice to investigate any benefits of oral treatment with alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) on arterial elasticity. Eighteen female mice (50-weeks-old) were assigned to a control (2% w/v) Na<sub>2</sub>-AKG or (2% w/v) a Ca-AKG group, and treated for 182 days before being humanely killed. Aorta sections were exposed to increases in force (0.09 N) giving approx. 6 kPa of pressure, after which elastic recoil (N ms<sup>-1</sup> wet wt.) was measured. Na<sub>2</sub>-AKG treatment for 182 days induced a 30% (<em>P </em><0.01) improvement, while Ca-AKG induced a 93% (<em>P</em> <0.001) improvement in the elastic recoil compared to controls (3.30 ± 0.08 x 10<sup>-5</sup> N ms<sup>-1</sup> mg<sup>-1</sup> wet wt.). AKG administered orally improved arterial elasticity in elderly mice, a change that occurred despite an increase in total collagen content. Alpha-ketoglutarate warrants further investigation as a candidate for therapies targeting arterial stiffening with age.
Secondary Indexing in One Dimension: Beyond B-trees and Bitmap Indexes (2008)

Let S be a finite, ordered alphabet, and let x = x_1 x_2 ... x_n be a string over S. A "secondary index" for x answers alphabet range queries of the form: Given a range [a_l,a_r] over S, return the set I_{[a_l;a_r]} = {i |x_i \in [a_l; a_r]}. Secondary indexes are heavily used in relational databases and scientific data analysis. It is well-known that the obvious solution, storing a dictionary for the position set associated with each character, does not always give optimal query time. In this paper we give the first theoretically optimal data structure for the secondary indexing problem. In the I/O model, the amount of data read when answering a query is within a constant factor of the minimum space needed to represent I_{[a_l;a_r]}, assuming that the size of internal memory is (|S| log n)^{delta} blocks, for some constant delta > 0. The space usage of the data structure is O(n log |S|) bits in the worst case, and we further show how to bound the size of the data structure in terms of the 0-th order entropy of x. We show how to support updates achieving various time-space trade-offs. We also consider an approximate version of the basic secondary indexing problem where a query reports a superset of I_{[a_l;a_r]} containing each element not in I_{[a_l;a_r]} with probability at most epsilon, where epsilon > 0 is the false positive probability. For this problem the amount of data that needs to be read by the query algorithm is reduced to O(|I_{[a_l;a_r]}| log(1/epsilon)) bits.
A pipelined charge-balancing A/D converter (2002)

To improve sampling rate of a charge-balancing analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, a pipelined architecture is proposed. The new A/D converter is based on cyclic charge-balancing A/D conversion, which improves the conversion speed of the charge-balancing A/D converter implemented by a switched capacitor. A prototype of the pipelined charge-balancing A/D converter was implemented using several switched-capacitor blocks, each of which was composed of discrete circuit components. Due to the concurrent operations of each block, a high throughput rate was realized. The linearity error of the prototype is estimated as less than /spl plusmn/0.5 (LSB) at a 9-b resolution. The implementation of the bipolar conversion by using one reference voltage is confirmed as an effective design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Theoretical Analysis of Pre-writing Activities in College English Writing (2019)

The low efficiency in the teaching of writing makes us examine again the traditional teaching approach we have been applying. This article tries to explore an effective way to improve the teaching of writing by implementing the first stage of process approach --- prewriting. The analysis of theoretical framework of this approach provides a powerful theoretical support and guidance for the teaching and research on pre-writing in college English writing.
Jbuilder Developer's Guide (2002)

JBuilder Developer's Guide provides comprehensive coverage of JBuilder from the practitioner's viewpoint. The authors develop a consolidated application throughout the chapters, allowing conceptual cohesion and illustrating the use of JBuilder to build 'real-world' applications. The examples can be compiled and run under JBuilder Personal edition, a free edition of JBuilder. JBuilder Developer's Guide is not version specific but explains the latest JBuilder 6, 7, and 8 features such as enterprise J2EE application development, CORBA, SOAP, XML tools, Enterprise JavaBeans, JavaServer Pages/Servlets, and JavaBeans technology. JBuilder repeatedly wins developer's choice awards as the best visual tool for developing Java applications.
New Synthesis of Thieno[3,2-c]pyridines (1979)

A new synthesis of thien0/3,2-~?pypyrldlnes by thermal rearrangement of 5-12-thieny1)oxazol~diiee 1 s described.1 ~iclopldim (il,a new potent blood platelet aggregatmn inhrbltor and antithrombotrc agent .was 2 ~~" t h e t l ~~d from thlen0F,2-~ipyridine ~rself (2) or its tetrahydrogenated derivative (11 by the followrnil reactions: SCHEME I C1