gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A machine learning based prognostic prediction of cervical myelopathy using diffusion tensor imaging (2016)

Diffusion Tensor imaging (DTI), composing of various metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) has been considered as a useful clinical tool to reveal microstructure of spinal cord. Previous studies have intensively applied DTI in investigating the pathology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), as well the symptomatic level diagnosis of CSM. However, it still remains unclear whether the DTI metric could be used in the prognosis of CSM, which is of great significance for selection of the best treatment strategy. Thus, the present study attempted to establish a prognosis model of CSM based on DTI metrics using machine learning methods. Particularly, three conventional machine learning algorithms, Naive Bayesian, Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM), and Multi-label K-nearest Neighbour (ML-KNN) were tested on DTI data from 35 CSM patients accepting surgery treatments with post-operative outcomes followed. The results showed that prognosis of CSM with DTI metrics using LS-SVM algorithms could achieve higher prediction performance, with accuracy of 88.62%, and the learning curve of LS-SVM showed that the performance would be significantly improved if the sample size is greater than 202, indicating the potential application of the prognosis prediction of CSM from DTI metrics using machine learning algorithms.
Self‐Powered Nanosensors: Self‐Powered Nanosensors and Nanosystems (Adv. Mater. 2/2012) (2012)

Utilizing the piezoelectric effect of ZnO nanowires, nanogenerators have been fabricated for producing an output of 10–20 V. On page 280, Zhong Lin Wang demonstrates a self-powered system by integrating a nanogenerator with sensors, energy storage units, a data processor, and a wireless transmitter, which can operate without a battery by harvesting mechanical energy from the environment. Such systems have application in biomedical science, environmental monitoring, structural monitoring, and personal electronics.
MAS & Fault-Management (2004)

Despite the considerable efforts spent on researching and developing Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) there is a noticeable absence of deployed systems. In the past the MAS research community ignored this problem - arguing that it is not a genuine MAS problem and consequently of lesser importance than other unsolved issues like cooperation, coordination, negotiation and communication. However, as the field matures, empirical evaluations of techniques and systems are more commonly used and deployment issues like the management of a MAS become increasingly important. This paper introduces a generic framework for fault-management in MAS that has been successfully tested in a large scale MAS. 1. Motivation MAS are decentralized self-organizing systems consisting of autonomous entities called agents that are designed to solve tasks by cooperating with each other. Using structured messages for communication the agents negotiate and coordinate in a decentralized manner the actions required to solve a common task. Decentralization and self-organization ensure that there is no need for a central coordination and consequently no single point of failure resulting in a more robust design. But with the absence of centralized coordination it becomes difficult to determine the current state of the system or to predict the effects of actions. This difficulty concerning the determination and prediction of states is made worse by the fact that the functional dependencies between the agents change over time as a result of negotiations at run-time. Consequently MAS can appear to behave chaotically, which is one of the reasons for the lack of successful deployments. To overcome these difficulties it is necessary to introduce management functions that will support the monitoring and controlling of individual agents as well as the MAS. ISO/OSI defines five basic management functions for any distributed system namely: accounting management, configuration management, performance management, security management and fault management. While all five are important management functions we view fault management as the most relevant in the deployment of a MAS based on our experiences [1].
Molecular mechanisms of the coordination between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis in <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> (Chlorophyceae) (2014)

Astaxanthin, a red ketocarotenoid with strong antioxidant activity and high commercial value, possesses important physiological functions in astaxanthin-producing microalgae. The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates up to 4% fatty acid-esterified astaxanthin (by dry weight), and is used as a model species for exploring astaxanthin biosynthesis in unicellular photosynthetic organisms. Although coordination of astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis in a stoichiometric fashion was observed in H. pluvialis, the interaction mechanism is unclear. Here we dissected the molecular mechanism underlying coordination between the two pathways in H. pluvialis. Our results eliminated possible coordination of this inter-dependence at the transcriptional level, and showed that this interaction was feedback-coordinated at the metabolite level. In vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that astaxanthin esterification drove the formation and accumulation of astaxanthin. We further showed that both free astaxanthin biosynthesis and esterification occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, and that certain diacylglycerol acyltransferases may be the candidate enzymes catalyzing astaxanthin esterification. A model of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis was subsequently proposed. These findings provide further insights into astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis.
Ultrasound-guided drainage of fluid-containing masses using angiographic catheterization techniques (1977)

A new method combining experience of ultrasonic diagnostic and puncture technique with the use of existing angiographic tools is described. Using this method, intraabdominal fluid-containing mass lesions were drained for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In three patients, severe life-threatening lesions were successfully diagnosed and treated solely by this method. In one other case the method greatly facilitated major surgery. The importance of integration of diagnostic radiology and ultrasound is stressed.
Evaluation of the affective valence of speech using pitch substructure (2005)

In order to study the relationship between emotion and intonation, a new technique is introduced for the extraction of the dominant pitches within speech utterances and the quasi-musical analysis of the multipitch structure. After the distribution of fundamental frequencies over the entire utterance has been obtained, the underlying pitch structure is determined using an unsupervised "cluster" (Gaussian mixtures) algorithm. The technique normally results in 3-6 pitch clusters per utterance that can then be evaluated in terms of their inherent dissonance, harmonic "tension", and "major or minor modality". Stronger dissonance and tension were found in utterances with negative affect, relative to utterances with positive affect. Most importantly, utterances that were evaluated as having positive or negative affect had significantly different modality values. Factor analysis showed that the measures involving multiple pitches were distinct from other acoustical measures, indicating that the pitch substructure is an independent factor contributing to the affective valence of speech prosody.
HDAC Inhibitor L-Carnitine and Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Synergistically Exert Anti-Tumor Activity In Vitro and In Vivo (2012)

Combinations of proteasome inhibitors and histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors appear to be the most potent to produce synergistic cytotoxicity in preclinical trials. We have recently confirmed that L-carnitine (LC) is an endogenous HDAC inhibitor. In the current study, the anti-tumor effect of LC plus proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (velcade, Vel) was investigated both in cultured hepatoma cancer cells and in Balb/c mice bearing HepG2 tumor. Cell death and cell viability were assayed by flow cytometry and MTS, respectively. Gene, mRNA expression and protein levels were detected by gene microarray, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The effect of Vel on the acetylation of histone H3 associated with the p21(cip1) gene promoter was examined by using ChIP assay and proteasome peptidase activity was detected by cell-based chymotrypsin-like (CT-like) activity assay. Here we report that (i) the combination of LC and Vel synergistically induces cytotoxicity in vitro; (ii) the combination also synergistically inhibits tumor growth in vivo; (iii) two major pathways are involved in the synergistical effects of the combinational treatment: increased p21(cip1) expression and histone acetylation in vitro and in vivo and enhanced Vel-induced proteasome inhibition by LC. The synergistic effect of LC and Vel in cancer therapy should have great potential in the future clinical trials.
A Study on Algorithms for Calculating the k-Maximum Capacity Paths in a Network (1993)

Methods for calculating k shortest paths in a network system, are based on a analogy which exists between the solution of a network problem and traditional techniques for solving linear equations. This paper modifies an algebraic structure of the K shortest path method and develops k maximum flow methods. On the basis of both theoretical and algebraic structure, three iteration methods are developed and the effective procedure of each method are provided. Finally, computational complexity is discussed for those methods.
Glutamate Receptor Agonists Stimulate Nitric Oxide Synthase in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Granule Cells (1992)

The glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimulated a rapid, extracellular Ca(2+)-dependent conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells, indicating receptor-mediated activation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. The NMDA-induced formation of [3H]citrulline reached a plateau within 10 min. Subsequent addition of unlabeled L-arginine resulted in the disappearance of 3H from the citrulline pool, indicating a persistent activation of NO synthase after NMDA receptor stimulation. Glutamate, NMDA, and kainate, but not quisqualate, stimulated both the conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline and cyclic GMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Glutamate and NMDA showed similar potencies for the stimulation of [3H]citrulline formation and cyclic GMP synthesis, respectively, whereas kainate was more potent at inducing cyclic GMP accumulation than at stimulating [3H]citrulline formation. Both the [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline conversion and cyclic GMP synthesis stimulated by NMDA were inhibited by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and by the inhibitors of NO synthase, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (MeArg) and NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOArg). However, MeArg, in contrast to NOArg, also potently inhibited [3H]arginine uptake. Kainate (300 microM) stimulated 45Ca2+ influx to the same extent as 100 microM NMDA, but stimulated [3H]citrulline formation to a much lesser extent, which suggests that NO synthase is localized in subcellular compartments where the Ca2+ concentration is regulated mainly by the NMDA receptor.
An Application of a Plastic Optical Fiber Sensor and Genetic Algorithm for Structural Health Monitoring (2006)

This article demonstrates the potential of a new extrinsic plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor for vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. A simple genetic algorithm (GA) is used in conjunction with the POF sensor. The construction and principle of operation of the intensity-based POF sensor used in the study is described, highlighting the advantages of the present sensor over previous designs based on glass fiber. A series of mechanical tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the POF sensor and the results demonstrate the potential of the sensor for SHM. To assess the potential of the POF sensor for vibration-based damage identification, the sensor is attached to a beam to measure the global dynamic response of a carbon fiber composite beam. The POF sensor is surface-bonded to the cantilever beam and collocated with a polyvinyl idine fluoride-based piezofilm sensor for comparison. The time-history responses of the sensors following an impulse-type excitation of the beam are obtained and analyzed using classical Fourier transform techniques to identify the modal frequencies of the beam. Based on the basic principle that changes in structural properties will lead to changes in its vibration signatures, the sensor is used to monitor and acquire the vibration signatures. To simulate the vibration signature shifts, weights are used which are located sequentially at specific distances along the beam. The global dynamic responses of the beam are recorded using an oscilloscope following the excitation of the beam. The results show that the POF sensor is capable of detecting the relevant modal frequencies. Using a GA approach, the mass and location of the weights are identified based on the optical signal acquired through the POF sensor. This article demonstrates the potential of the POF–GA system for damage identification in a simple cantilever beam.
Adoption of electronic medical records as a technology innovation for ambulatory care at the Medical University of South Carolina. (2000)

The study described in this article measured and compared the attitudes of groups of Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) ambulatory care staff and physicians toward adopting an electronic medical record (EMR) system, using the Perceived Characteristics of Innovating (PCI) scales developed by Moore and Benbasat (1991). The PCI scale scores were compared by professional group and by clinic location. The overall findings of this study were that potential users of the ambulatory care EMR at MUSC had generally positive or neutral attitudes toward the system. There were a number of significant differences noted among the professional groups, particularly between the physician groups and other groups. The physician groups had less positive feelings than the other groups did. There were few significant differences noted for comparisons by clinic location.
Tuning extreme ultraviolet emission for optimum coupling with multilayer mirrors for future lithography through control of ionic charge states (2014)

We report on the identification of the optimum plasma conditions for a laser-produced plasma source for efficient coupling with multilayer mirrors at 6.x nm for beyond extreme ultraviolet lithography. A small shift to lower energies of the peak emission for Nd:YAG laser-produced gadolinium plasmas was observed with increasing laser power density. Charge-defined emission spectra were observed in electron beam ion trap (EBIT) studies and the charge states responsible identified by use of the flexible atomic code (FAC). The EBIT spectra displayed a larger systematic shift of the peak wavelength of intense emission at 6.x nm to longer wavelengths with increasing ionic charge. This combination of spectra enabled the key ion stage to be confirmed as Gd18+, over a range of laser power densities, with contributions from Gd17+ and Gd19+ responsible for the slight shift to longer wavelengths in the laser-plasma spectra. The FAC calculation also identified the origin of observed out-of-band emission and the charge states responsible.
Integrated-optic interferometric microdisplacement sensor in glass with thermo-optic phase modulation (1990)

A compact and stable integrated-optic Michelson-interferometer for 0.633 μm wavelength operation with ion exchanged waveguides in glass is demonstrated for optical displacement measurement. The integration of thermo-optic modulators allows the combined detection of fast movement with orthogonal signals, and high-resolution (1 nm) displacement detection with optical heterodyning.
Syntheses of Purines Bearing Carbon Substituents in Positions 2, 6 or 8 by Metal‐ or Organometal‐Mediated C−C Bond‐Forming Reactions (2002)

Abstract Approaches to the synthesis of purine derivatives bearing carbon substituents in positions 2, 6, or 8, mediated and/or catalysed by organometallic compounds and metals, are reviewed. Both the generation and the reactions of purinylorganometallic compounds are covered, as well as cross‐coupling and cycloaddition reactions between purines and organometallic compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Expression of human α<sub>1</sub>‐antitrypsin in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1984)

Complementary DNA coding for human alpha 1-antitrypsin has been placed under the control of the lambda PR promotor carrier by the expression vector pCQV2 [1]. In conditions which allow transcription from this promotor (thermoinactivation of the repressor), Escherichia coli cells harbouring the recombinant plasmid pULB1114 express human alpha 1-antitrypsin (+/- 9000 molecules/cell). The product has a Mr of 44000, corresponding to mature unglycosylated alpha 1-antitrypsin.
Structure and Dynamics of Micelle-bound Human α-Synuclein (2004)

Misfolding of the protein alpha-synuclein (aS), which associates with presynaptic vesicles, has been implicated in the molecular chain of events leading to Parkinson's disease. Here, the structure and dynamics of micelle-bound aS are reported. Val3-Val37 and Lys45-Thr92 form curved alpha-helices, connected by a well ordered, extended linker in an unexpected anti-parallel arrangement, followed by another short extended region (Gly93-Lys97), overlapping the recently identified chaperone-mediated autophagy recognition motif and a highly mobile tail (Asp98-Ala140). Helix curvature is significantly less than predicted based on the native micelle shape, indicating a deformation of the micelle by aS. Structural and dynamic parameters show a reduced helical content for Ala30-Val37. A dynamic variation in interhelical distance on the microsecond timescale is complemented by enhanced sub-nanosecond timescale dynamics, particularly in the remarkably glycine-rich segments of the helices. These unusually rich dynamics may serve to mitigate the effect of aS binding on membrane fluidity. The well ordered conformation of the helix-helix connector indicates a defined interaction with lipidic surfaces, suggesting that, when bound to larger diameter synaptic vesicles, it can act as a switch between this structure and a previously proposed uninterrupted helix.
Fault Prediction and Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Generators Using SCADA Data (2017)

The fast-growing wind power industry faces the challenge of reducing operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for wind power plants. Predictive maintenance is essential to improve wind turbine reliability and prolong operation time, thereby reducing the O&M cost for wind power plants. This study presents a solution for predictive maintenance of wind turbine generators. The proposed solution can: (1) predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of wind turbine generators before a fault occurs and (2) diagnose the state of the wind turbine generator when the fault occurs. Moreover, the proposed solution implies low-deployment costs because it relies solely on the information collected from the widely available supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. Extra sensing hardware is needless. The proposed solution has been deployed and evaluated in two real-world wind power plants located in China. The experimental study demonstrates that the RUL of the generators can be predicted 18 days ahead with about an 80% prediction accuracy. When faults occur, the specific type of generator fault can be diagnosed with an accuracy of 94%.
α2-Chimaerin interacts with EphA4 and regulates EphA4-dependent growth cone collapse (2007)

EphA4-dependent growth cone collapse requires reorganization of actin cytoskeleton through coordinated activation of Rho family GTPases. Whereas various guanine exchange factors have recently been identified to be involved in EphA4-mediated regulation of Rho GTPases and growth cone collapse, the functional roles of GTPase-activating proteins in the process are largely unknown. Here we report that EphA4 interacts with alpha2-chimaerin through its Src homology 2 domain. Activated EphA4 induces a rapid increase of tyrosine phosphorylation of alpha2-chimaerin and enhances its GTPase-activating protein activity toward Rac1. More importantly, alpha2-chimaerin regulates the action of EphA4 in growth cone collapse through modulation of Rac1 activity. Our findings have therefore identified a new alpha2-chimaerin-dependent signaling mechanism through which EphA4 transduces its signals to the actin cytoskeleton and modulates growth cone morphology.
Effects of a novel antiplatelet agent in mural thrombogenesis on collagen-coated glass (1988)

A parallel plate flow chamber and an epifluorescence video microscopy system were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of a novel antiplatelet agent (GT-12), a carbamoylpiperidine congener, on surface platelet aggregation and on the kinetics of thrombus growth induced by collagen-coated glass under controlled flow. Both macroscopic and microscopic measurements revealed that increasing concentrations of the drug correspondingly decreased the reaction rate between platelets at the surface, thereby reducing thrombus rate of growth at the surface. Because of decreased platelet/platelet adhesion, there was some embolization of the larger thrombi near the inlet of the reactive surface. In the presence of GT-12, average thrombus size and number of platelets per thrombus were both strikingly lowered. In addition, the net rate of growth of individual thrombi decreased to zero after short exposure times (about 60 seconds), in sharp contrast to controls. In contrast to chlorpromazine, GT-12 was effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombus rate of growth at relatively low concentrations (less than 100 mumol/L) in whole blood. The drug's effectiveness relative to controls in impeding platelet/platelet interactions was found to increase with decreasing incubation time and increasing perfusion time.
Sensitive and fast mapping based on two inversion recovery images and a reference image (2005)

We developed a fast method to obtain T1 relaxation maps in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on two inversion recovery acquisitions and a reference acquisition, while maintaining high sensitivity by utilizing the full dynamic range of the MRI signal. Optimal inversion times for estimating T1 in the human brain were predicted using standard error propagation theory. In vivo measurements on nine healthy volunteers yielded T1 values of 1094+/-18 ms in gray matter and 746+/-40 ms in white matter, in reasonable agreement with literature values using conventional approaches. The proposed method should be useful for clinical studies because the T1 maps can be obtained within a few seconds.
Preparation of 1-Alkenes by the Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Terminal Allylic Carbonates and Acetates with Formic Acid-Triethylamine (1986)

A useful method for the preparations of 1-alkenes from terminal allylic carbonates and acetates by the palladium-catalyzed reaction with formates is described. Formic acid-triethylamine is a suitable reductant. As catalyst, Pd2(dba)3CHCl3-P(n-Bu)3, gave the best results. 0.05 0.2mol% being sufficient (turnover 500 2000). Using this method, various 1-alkenes were prepared in good yields with high selectivity.