gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Activation by a Series of Unique Polnanionic Polymers (1988)

Abstract Polyanionic polymers with differing molecular weight, lipophilicity, and charge density were synthesized and their ability to nonspecifically “activate” macrophages was avaluated. The level of activation of test polymer-elicited macrophages was monitored by their nonspecific tumoricidal capacity and ectoenzyme profiles. In addition, the ability of test polymers to inhibit growth of Lewis lung in vivo was evaluated. We have determined that the activation of macrophages by test polymers differs from that of the conventional activating agents pyran and Clostridium parvum.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Arteanniun M Using the Tandem Oxy-Cope/Ene Reaction (2001)

[see reaction]. The first total synthesis of (+)-arteannuin M was accomplished using the tandem oxy-Cope/transannular ene reaction as the key step to construct the bicyclic core of the natural product. The tandem reaction proceeded with high diastereo- and enantiomeric excess.
Radiation patterns from lens-coupled terahertz antennas (1995)

We report on investigations of the angular distribution of the radiation emitted from a terahertz antenna system equipped with a truncated spherical silicon lens. The pattern is calculated by wide-angle interference principles and Huygens-Fresnel diffraction theory. Experimental determination of the radiation pattern is performed by spatially resolved terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained, and we find that the terahertz beam can be represented by a Gaussian beam emitted from a circular aperture equal to the diameter of the lens.
Identification of Antifungal Compounds Active against Candida albicans Using an Improved High-Throughput Caenorhabditis elegans Assay (2009)

Candida albicans, the most common human pathogenic fungus, can establish a persistent lethal infection in the intestine of the microscopic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The C. elegans-C. albicans infection model was previously adapted to screen for antifungal compounds. Modifications to this screen have been made to facilitate a high-throughput assay including co-inoculation of nematodes with C. albicans and instrumentation allowing precise dispensing of worms into assay wells, eliminating two labor-intensive steps. This high-throughput method was utilized to screen a library of 3,228 compounds represented by 1,948 bioactive compounds and 1,280 small molecules derived via diversity-oriented synthesis. Nineteen compounds were identified that conferred an increase in C. elegans survival, including most known antifungal compounds within the chemical library. In addition to seven clinically used antifungal compounds, twelve compounds were identified which are not primarily used as antifungal agents, including three immunosuppressive drugs. This assay also allowed the assessment of the relative minimal inhibitory concentration, the effective concentration in vivo, and the toxicity of the compound in a single assay.
Improved model of the pulsed electron capture detector (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved model of the pulsed electron capture detectorP. L. Gobby, E. P. Grimsrud, and S. W. WardenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 3, 473–482Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50053a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50053a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Role of Neighboring Groups in Replacement Reactions. XVIII. Migration of the Methoxyl Group<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Role of Neighboring Groups in Replacement Reactions. XVIII. Migration of the Methoxyl Group1S. Winstein and L. L. IngrahamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 5, 1160–1164Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01125a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01125a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spatial Harmonic Imaging of X-ray Scattering—Initial Results (2008)

Coherent X-ray scattering is related to the electron density distribution by a Fourier transform, and therefore a window into the microscopic structures of biological samples. Current techniques of scattering rely on small-angle measurements from highly collimated X-ray beams produced from synchrotron light sources. Imaging of the distribution of scattering provides a new contrast mechanism which is different from absorption radiography, but is a lengthy process of raster or line scans of the beam over the object. Here, we describe an imaging technique in the spatial frequency domain capable of acquiring both the scattering and absorption distributions in a single exposure. We present first results obtained with conventional X-ray equipment. This method interposes a grid between the X-ray source and the imaged object, so that the grid-modulated image contains a primary image and a grid harmonic image. The ratio between the harmonic and primary images is shown to be a pure scattering image. It is the auto-correlation of the electron density distribution at a specific distance. We tested a number of samples at 60-200 nm autocorrelation distance, and found the scattering images to be distinct from the absorption images and reveal new features. This technique is simple to implement, and should help broaden the imaging applications of X-ray scattering.
Chasing the green flash (2004)

Several natural phenomena, such as mirages or the green flash, are owed to inhomogeneous media in which the index of refraction is not constant. This makes the light rays travel a curved path while going through those media. One way to simulate global illumination in inhomogeneous media is to use a curved ray tracing algorithm, but this approach presents some problems that still need to be solved. This paper introduces a full solution to the global illumination problem, based on what we have called curved photon mapping, that can be used to simulate several natural atmospheric phenomena. We also present a model of the Human Visual System (HVS) to display images in a more realistic way, taking into account how we perceive luminances in a real-world scene. This is of special interest in the green flash effect, where some of the perceived green is owed to bleaching of the photoreceptors in the human eye.
AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO HOTEL EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF CHINA (2008)

At present, the hotel employment sector in China has a high rate of employee turnover compared to other services. This is not unlike other countries. The reason for the turnover among hotel employees may be lower worker satisfaction resulting in decreased – or no – loyalty to employers. This study was based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The factors influencing employee satisfaction were examined and the impacts of demographic characteristics on hotel employee satisfaction were analyzed. Results show that hotel employee satisfaction in China is low, hotel employee satisfaction differs by age and gender, and that professional development opportunities for employees and the long-term growth prospects of the hotels themselves are the most important contributors to employee satisfaction. On the basis of these findings, several recommendations for improving employee satisfaction, thereby sustaining the long-term economic health of China's hospitality industry, are provided.
Understanding overlay signatures using machine learning on non-lithography context information (2018)

Overlay errors between two layers can be caused by non-lithography processes. While these errors can be compensated by the run-to-run system, such process and tool signatures are not always stable. In order to monitor the impact of non-lithography context on overlay at regular intervals, a systematic approach is needed. Using various machine learning techniques, significant context parameters that relate to deviating overlay signatures are automatically identified. Once the most influential context parameters are found, a run-to-run simulation is performed to see how much improvement can be obtained. The resulting analysis shows good potential for reducing the influence of hidden context parameters on overlay performance. Non-lithographic contexts are significant contributors, and their automatic detection and classification will enable the overlay roadmap, given the corresponding control capabilities.
The axially controlled magnetron: A new type of magnetron, controlled by current through the filament (1923)

In vacuum tubes with straight filaments of large diameter, it is found that the magnetic field of the heating current exercises a restraining effect on the escape of electrons, equivalent to the action of the grid in the pliotron, or the impressed magnetic field in the magnetron. This new valve principle may be utilized to control the output of the tube for practical purposes, such as changing high-voltage direct current into alternating current; and leads to a very simple and efficient type of tube.
Stepping over obstacles to improve walking in individuals with poststroke hemiplegia (2004)

For this study, we evaluated two training interventions for improving gait parameters in individuals with poststroke hemiplegia using a training methodology that required them to step over objects. Gait velocity, step length, ability to step over obstacles, and walking endurance were compared before and after 2 weeks of training and 2 weeks after cessation of training. Twenty subjects with poststroke hemiplegia completed six intervention sessions in which they were asked to step over either virtual objects while walking on a motorized treadmill or real foam objects on a 10 m walkway. With the virtual object training, if either foot collided with the virtual object, a tone sounded and a vibrotactile stimulus was applied to the colliding foot. All subjects tolerated the training sessions well, and no incidences of falling or undue cardiovascular responses occurred. The virtual obstacle training generated greater improvements in gait velocity compared with real training (20.5% vs. 12.2% improvement) during the fast walk test (p < 0.01). Improvements in gait velocity for both training methods were similar in the self-selected walk test (33.3% vs. 34.7% improvement). Overall, subjects showed clinically meaningful changes in gait velocity, stride length, walking endurance, and obstacle clearance capacity as a result of either training method. These changes persisted for 2 weeks posttraining. The inclusion of enhanced safety and visual augmentation may be responsible for the effectiveness of the virtual object intervention. These results demonstrate preliminary evidence for clinical effectiveness of obstacle training for improving gait velocity poststroke. In addition, these results provide evidence for enhanced clinical performance with virtual obstacle training.
Tissue Factor-Dependent Procoagulant Activity of Isolated Human Hepatocytes (2007)

Liver cell transplantation (LCT) aims to correct inborn liver function defects by infusing metabolically active cells into the diseased liver. Further improvement in LCT might depend on the prevention of early loss of transplanted cells. As tissue factor (TF)-dependent activation of coagulation was found to contribute to a low rate of beta cell engraftment in islet transplantation, we investigated the potential procoagulant activity (PCA) of hepatocyte preparations. TF expression on hepatocyte preparations was assessed by flow cytometry, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. PCA depending on TF was evaluated in human plasma and in whole blood systems. Coagulation parameters were followed by routine techniques in a LCT recipient Crigler-Najjar patient. We determined that hepatocytes express soluble and membrane-bound forms of TF. We showed that hepatocytes exert a TF-dependent PCA. In parallel, delayed increase in D-dimer levels was observed following the hepatocyte infusions in the Crigler-Najjar patient. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that TF-dependent PCA of hepatocytes is inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In conclusion, hepatocytes exert TF-dependent PCA, which may contribute to early loss of infused cells. Addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine to the suspensions of hepatocytes might be beneficial in LCT by inhibiting activation of coagulation.
Integrating business excellence and innovation management: Developing vision, blueprint and strategy for innovation in creative and learning organizations (1999)

(1999). Integrating business excellence and innovation management: Developing vision, blueprint and strategy for innovation in creative and learning organizations. Total Quality Management: Vol. 10, No. 4-5, pp. 627-635.
A Systems Biology Strategy Reveals Biological Pathways and Plasma Biomarker Candidates for Potentially Toxic Statin-Induced Changes in Muscle (2006)

High dose simvastatin affects multiple metabolic and signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, including the pro-inflammatory pathways. Thus, our results demonstrate that clinically used high statin dosages may lead to unexpected metabolic effects in non-hepatic tissues. The lipidomic profiles may serve as highly sensitive biomarkers of statin-induced metabolic alterations in muscle and may thus allow us to identify patients who should be treated with a lower dose to prevent a possible toxicity.
Adjustable Frequency–Duty-Cycle Hybrid Control Strategy for Full-Bridge Series Resonant Converters in Electric Vehicle Chargers (2014)

In this paper, an effective output voltage control method using adjustable frequency-duty-cycle hybrid control is presented. By using the proposed method, the operating performance of the full-bridge series resonant dc-dc converter applied to the onboard charger in electric vehicles under the constant-voltage charge mode is improved. The proposed control method improves the system efficiency of the charger up to 4% for light load conditions compared with the conventional control method without any extra hardware. A theoretical analysis is described along with a loss analysis in detail, and the validity of the proposed method is verified by experiment with a 3.3-kW prototype onboard charger.
Association of hyperprolinaemia type I and heparin cofactor II deficiency with CATCH 22 syndrome: evidence for a contiguous gene syndrome locating the proline oxidase gene (1996)

Increased proline levels were found in plasma of a girl with slight psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, obesity, scoliosis, hypocalcaemia, variable lymphocytopenia and facial dysmorphy suggestive of CATCH 22 syndrome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated the presence of a submicroscopic 22q11 deletion, confirming this diagnosis. Further investigation showed evidence that the patient was heterozygous for heparin cofactor II deficiency and for hyperprolinaemia type I, a proline catabolic disorder due to proline oxidase deficiency. This association extends the CATCH 22 syndrome and suggests that expression of the proline oxidase gene depends on the chromosome 22q11 region.
Large‐scale prediction of drug–target relationships (2008)

The rapidly increasing amount of publicly available knowledge in biology and chemistry enables scientists to revisit many open problems by the systematic integration and analysis of heterogeneous novel data. The integration of relevant data does not only allow analyses at the network level, but also provides a more global view on drug-target relations. Here we review recent attempts to apply large-scale computational analyses to predict novel interactions of drugs and targets from molecular and cellular features. In this context, we quantify the family-dependent probability of two proteins to bind the same ligand as function of their sequence similarity. We finally discuss how phenotypic data could help to expand our understanding of the complex mechanisms of drug action.
‘Nature-inspired’ drug–protein complexes as inhibitors of Aβ aggregation (2005)

Protein-protein interactions are a regulatory mechanism for a number of physiological and pathological cellular processes. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD (Alzheimer's disease), are associated with the accelerated production or delayed clearance of protein aggregates. Hence, inhibition of pathologic protein-protein interactions is a very attractive mechanism for drug development. This review focuses on a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit the de novo formation of protein aggregates. Inspired by strategies used in Nature and optimized over millions of years of evolution, we have created a bifunctional molecule [SLF (synthetic ligand for FK506-binding protein)-CR (Congo Red)] that is able to block Abeta (amyloid beta) aggregation by borrowing the surface and steric bulk of a cellular chaperone.
Mechanical assembly and magnetic actuation of polydimethylsiloxane-iron composite interconnects for microfluidic systems (2008)

We present magnetically-actuated micromechanical interconnects for microfluidic applications fabricated in-house using PDMS-iron elastomer-ferromagnetic composites (EFCs). Interconnects are fluid-tight, interlocking cylindrical posts and holes whose assembly can be made easier by magnetically actuating the EFC cylinders via axial extension and radial contraction. Towards this goal, we demonstrate magnetic actuation of interconnect structures, and quantify the mechanical disassembly of PDMS-iron interconnects without an applied magnetic field. Previously, we showed the mechanical assembly and disassembly of hybrid combinations of non-magnetic SU-8, silicon, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic interconnects. We fabricate EFCs for our interconnects by embedding iron microspheres (<63% by weight) in PDMS. We employed permanent magnets to create 0.045-0.065T constant fields, along with an optics test set-up that included a diode laser and magnification to quantify micron-sized deflections. The interconnects exhibited radial contractions of 3-12% and axial elongation of 2-11%. Without the magnetic field, disassembly forces of 36-71mN were measured by a controlled force linear actuator for PDMS-iron cylinders from PDMS and PDMS-iron holes. This work shows promise for radial contraction of cylinders for assembly with lower forces while maintaining high disassembly forces once the interconnects are assembled and the magnetic field is removed.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution in Pentafluoropyridine by Three‐Coordinate Phosphorus Compounds. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PTP1B Inhibition Causes Rac1 Activation by Enhancing Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling (2014)

The results of the present study show that DCP-LA-induced PTP1B inhibition, possibly through its direct binding, causes Rac1 activation by enhancing a pathway along a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/Rac1 axis.
Parallel bulk insertion for large-scale analytics applications (2010)

Modern data analytics applications, e.g. Internet-scale indexing, system trace analysis, recommender engines to name a few, operate on massive amounts of data and call for a parallel approach to data processing. In this work, we focus on the popular MapReduce framework to carry out such tasks and identify bulk data insert operations as a critical preliminary step to achieve reduced processing times, especially when new data is generated and processed at regular time intervals.
An Efficient Targeted Drug Delivery through Apotransferrin Loaded Nanoparticles (2009)

The present study thus demonstrates that the direct-nano is highly efficacious in delivery of drug in a target specific manner with lower toxicity to heart, liver and kidney.
W1X-1 and W1X-2: W1-Quality Accuracy with an Order of Magnitude Reduction in Computational Cost (2012)

We have examined a number of approaches for reducing the computational requirements of the W1w and W1-F12 procedures, while maintaining the accuracy. A key finding is that MP2/cc-pCVTZ provides a reliable means for the evaluation of core-correlation effects at a cost that is negligible in the context of W1-type procedures. This greatly reduces the overall computational cost, since calculations for core-correlation represent the most time-consuming steps for both W1w and W1-F12. For the evaluation of valence CCSD(T)/CBS, we find that truncation of the sets of diffuse functions leads to a significant savings in time, with only a minor deterioration in the performance. In order to eliminate the need to carry out CCSD calculations with a quadruple-ζ basis set, we have maintained the approach employed in W1-F12, namely the use of explicitly correlated procedures. Our resulting procedures are termed W1X-1 and W1X-2 (where the X refers to the eXplicitly correlated procedures). Of these, the W1X-1 protocol requires two CCSD-F12b plus two CCSD(T) calculations to obtain the valence CCSD(T)/CBS energy component, as with W1-F12. The W1X-2 procedure, on the other hand, requires only two CCSD(T)-F12b calculations for the evaluation of CCSD(T)/CBS and is therefore less expensive than W1X-1. Indeed, the W1X-2 protocol is an order of magnitude less computationally demanding than W1w and ∼80% less costly than W1-F12. Extensive assessment of the W1X-1 and W1X-2 procedures shows that W1X-1 performs well and comparably to W1w and W1-F12 in virtually all cases. The W1X-2 method gives equivalently good results for most thermochemical properties, but the heats of formation of fluorocarbons and complexation energies of hydrogen fluoride clusters represent notable exceptions.