gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T-cell proliferative response to human papillomavirus type 16 peptides: relationship to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (1996)

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer is increased with immunodeficiency, but the role of immune response, including cell-mediated immunity, in disease prevention is not well understood. In this study, T-cell proliferative responses to six synthetic peptides with predicted immunogenic determinants from the HPV-16 E4, E6, E7, and L1 open reading frames were analyzed in 22 sexually active women with new-onset CIN and 65 sexually active women without cervical disease, characterized by cytology, colposcopy, and HPV testing. T-cell proliferative responses were demonstrated to all six HPV-16 peptides. Although not statistically significant, rates of reactivity to E6 (24-45) were higher among sexually active women without disease (26%) than among women with current CIN (7%), as was the overall number of peptides stimulating a response. Women with CIN may not respond to selected HPV antigens as well as women without disease do.
Study of the Local Structure of Molybdenum−Magnesium Binary Oxides by Means of Mo L<sub>3</sub>-Edge XANES and UV−Vis Spectroscopy (1996)

Mo L3-edge XANES and diffuse reflectance UV−vis spectra have been recorded for structural studies of Mo−Mg binary oxides which catalyze metathesis reactions of olefins after pretreatment with H2 at 773 K. The XANES of reference compounds revealed that the local symmetry around the Mo ion as well as the valence state affects the spectral features. From the XANES of Mo−Mg binary oxides in oxidized/reduced states, it is concluded that MoO4 tetrahedra are the main component in the near-surface region for samples of x (Mo/(Mo + Mg)) ≤ 0.7 in the oxidized state. For samples in the reduced state, the tetrahedral species remain, but reduced Mo ions including MoO2 species are also formed, while the MoO2 phase is formed in the bulk phase at x = 0.5−0.8. In the latter samples, Mo ions are easily reduced by treatment with H2. The active species for metathesis reactions relates to formation of the MoO2 phase not only in the bulk but also in the near-surface region.
Gläser und Glaskeramiken im System MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 mit ZrO2 als Keimbildner (2012)

Im System MgO/Al2O3/SiO2 mit dem Keimbildner ZrO2 ist es möglich, farblose, transparente bis opake Glaskeramiken mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften herzustellen. Hierfür werden in diesem System der Spinell und der tief-Quarz ausgeschieden, die gegenüber der Restglasphase einen hohen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen. Bei vergleichbar niedrigen Kristallisationstemperaturen wird die hoch-Quarz-Mischkristallphase ausgeschieden, die durch den Einbau von MgO und Al2O3 in das Kristallgitter auch bei Raumtemperatur stabilisiert ist. Wird die Kristallisationstemperatur oder -zeit erhöht, nehmen die Konzentrationen an MgO und Al2O3 ab und führen somit zur Umwandlung in die tief-Quarz-Mischkristallphase. Die Transformationstemperatur der Glaskeramiken steigt mit steigender Kristallisationszeit bei 950 °C an. Somit bildet sich eine Diffusionsbarriere um die Kristalle, die ein weiteres Kristallwachstum verlangsamt. Die Umwandlung der hoch- in die tief-Quarz-Mischkristallphase führte zu einer Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften. So konnte eine Festigkeit bis zu 475 MPa, ein E Modul bis zu 131 GPa, eine Mikrohärte bis zu 14,3 GPa und eine Bruchzähigkeit bis zu 2,7 MPa•m1/2 erreicht werden. Transmissionselektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten zu Beginn der Temperaturbehandlung erste Entmischungströpfchen, in deren Zentren sich ab Kristallisationszeiten von 15 Minuten jeweils ein ZrO2-Einkristall bildet. Bereits nach drei Stunden ist die Matrix weitgehend vollständig kristallisiert. Bei einer SiO2-reichen Zusammensetzung mit 4 Mol-% Y2O3-stabilisiertem ZrO2 führte eine Erhöhung der Kristallisationstemperatur nicht zu einer Umwandlung in die tief-Quarz-Mischkristallphase. Dagegen führte der Einsatz von monoklinem ZrO2 bei dieser Zusammensetzung zur Bildung der tief-Quarz-Mischkristallphase bei Erhöhung der Kristallisationstemperatur. Diese war im Vergleich zu den Zusammensetzungen mit ZrO2-Konzentrationen ≥ 5,7 Mol-% zu höheren Temperaturen verschoben.
Ligand-induced association of rat lymphocyte membrane proteins with the detergent-insoluble lymphocyte cytoskeletal matrix. (1983)

There are two classes of membrane protein capping on the basis of ligand requirements. Surface immunoglobulin (Slg), the prototype of the first class, requires a single ligand for cap induction. RT1 (rat histocompatibility proteins) requires two antibodies for cap induction. The lateral mobility of Slg is relatively restricted compared with RT1. These differences may be due to differential interaction with the cytoskeleton. After ligand binding 71% of Slg becomes detergent insoluble and is associated with the lymphocyte cytoskeletal matrix. The insolubilization occurs at 4 degrees C and is not inhibited by sodium azide or cytoskeleton-active drugs. The insolubilized ligand-receptor complex can be solubilized by a cytoskeleton destabilizing buffer. In contrast, only 20% of RT1 becomes associated with the lymphocytic cytoskeleton after ligand binding. The ligand-induced receptor-cytoskeleton interaction influences capping behavior and may play a role in cell activation.
Circuit utilization characteristics of MOS-controlled thyristors (1991)

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the present state of MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) development as reflected in measured device terminal characteristics. User-oriented information regarding MCT circuit utilization is presented by focusing on the measured characteristics of a particular batch of MCTs (80 A, 500 V) fabricated in 1988. Measurements confirm the appealingly low forward voltage drop of the MCTs (1.1 V at 200 A/cm/sup 2/, 1500 degrees C). To increase current handling capabilities, eight matched devices have been paralleled to switch 600 A at 275 V (peak), representing a modest 6% device current derating. Measured MCT turn on is faster than turn off, which is dominated by internal charge recombination characteristics. Safe operating area and di/dt limits of the tested MCTs are discussed. Comparison with insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) indicates that MCTs offer clear advantages for minimizing on-state conduction losses (approximately 3:1 at 150 degrees C), whereas switching times of new MCTs are as low as those of comparable IGBTs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Properties of Ring-Deactivated Deuterated (Hydroxymethyl)pyrroles (1998)

A sequence, based on a Mitsunobu displacement at the hydroxymethyl position of deuterium-labeled, N-substituted 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrroles, is reported as a general procedure to determine the ability of the N-substituent to deactivate the heterocycle. An SN2 mechanism, in this reaction, has been shown to be favored over reaction via an azafulvenium intermediate, by employing N-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl as the deactivating group. Deuterium-labeling studies have demonstrated that suppression of contributions to the reaction from an azafulvenium intermediate is less effective with other deactivating groups, and the order for deactivation is triflyl > mesyl > BOC ≈ acetyl. The attachment of an electron-withdrawing group onto the nitrogen of a 2-formyl[formyl-d]pyrrole has also been shown to allow reduction to give a 2-(hydroxymethyl[methylene-d1])pyrrole of high configurational purity. The utility of the N-triflyl group to deactivate a pyrrole was demonstrated with the preparation of deuterium-labeled porphobilinogen precursor.
Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths (2021)

Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/mL, in plasma diluted 1 to 10) of IFN-α and/or -ω are found in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 pneumonia, but not in subjects with asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs neutralizing 100-fold lower, more physiological, concentrations of IFN-α and/or -ω (100 pg/mL, in 1/10 dilutions of plasma) in 13.6% of 3,595 patients with critical COVID-19, including 21% of 374 patients > 80 years, and 6.5% of 522 patients with severe COVID-19. These antibodies are also detected in 18% of the 1,124 deceased patients (aged 20 days-99 years; mean: 70 years). Moreover, another 1.3% of patients with critical COVID-19 and 0.9% of the deceased patients have auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-β. We also show, in a sample of 34,159 uninfected subjects from the general population, that auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-α and/or -ω are present in 0.18% of individuals between 18 and 69 years, 1.1% between 70 and 79 years, and 3.4% >80 years. Moreover, the proportion of subjects carrying auto-Abs neutralizing lower concentrations is greater in a subsample of 10,778 uninfected individuals: 1% of individuals <70 years, 2.3% between 70 and 80 years, and 6.3% >80 years. By contrast, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-β do not become more frequent with age. Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs predate SARS-CoV-2 infection and sharply increase in prevalence after the age of 70 years. They account for about 20% of both critical COVID-19 cases in the over-80s, and total fatal COVID-19 cases.
EnhancedMovie: Movie Editing on an Augmented Desk (2003)

In this paper, we describe our prototype system for movie editing on an augmented desk. We aim to enable a user to edit a movie in an intuitive operation using both hands. In the current prototype system, a user can make a movie by editing a sequence of pictures. We introduce some hand gestures in the current system and then propose other hand gestures which would be implemented in the future.
A Short Synthesis of (+)-Mevalonolactone (1982)

Abstract Mevalonic acid lactone (MVA) labelled with stable as we11 as radioactive isotopes continuesto be one of the most widely used substrates in the biosynthesis of terpenoids. Elucidation of several intricate biochemical processes has been possible through the use of carefully chosen specifically 1abelled MVA.1 Attempts to develop new routes to its synthesis have, therefore, been continued and several elegant syntheses have been reported in recent years.2 Wedescribe here a short and efficient synthesis of MVA in which condensation between butan-1-01-3-one (2a) and acetic acid is brought about through their trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative.3 Usual acidic work up of the reaction brings about cleavage of TMS groups thus obviating deprotection step used in most of the other syntheses.
Surface modification using EDM wire cut method: a feasibility study (2016)

Wire electrical discharge machining wire EDM removes electrical conductive materials by the electrical sparks. This research is focused on the surface integrity and the process parameters of the selected materials eg. steel and A-alloy. It is expected that grain refinement occurred due to rapid solidification of molten metal on the surface. So, hardness of material can be increase. Recast layer formed on the metal surface by wire EDM is expected to be harder than the subsurface, due to the rapid-cooling of the molten metal. Present work attempts to identify the effect of various EDM parameters on the layer formation. A preliminary metallurgical investigation of EDM machined surface was conducted to determine the effect of process parameters like wire speed and spindle feed rate to morphology and microstructure change of work piece.
Dual focus optical head for 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm disks (2005)

We propose a dual focus optical head with a holographic optical element (HOE) which corrects spherical aberrations in order to read both 0.6 mm disks and 1.2 mm disks. The thin disks are read using transmitted light and the thick disks are read using +1st order diffracted light of the blazed HOE. The good quality of the focused spots and the focusing error signals was experimentally confirmed. No influence of unnecessary diffracted light was observed.
Visual discomfort with stereo displays: effects of viewing distance and direction of vergence-accommodation conflict (2011)

Prolonged use of conventional stereo displays causes viewer discomfort and fatigue because of the vergence-accommodation conflict. We used a novel volumetric display to examine how viewing distance and the sign of the vergence-accommodation conflict affect discomfort and fatigue. In the first experiment, we presented a fixed conflict at short, medium, and long viewing distances. We compared subjects' symptoms in that condition and one in which there was no conflict. We observed more discomfort and fatigue with a given vergence-accommodation conflict at the longer distances. The second experiment compared symptoms when the conflict had one sign compared to when it had the opposite sign at short, medium, and long distances. We observed greater symptoms with uncrossed disparities at long distances and with crossed disparities at short distances. These findings help define comfortable viewing conditions for stereo displays.
Adversarial Training for Large Neural Language Models (2020)

Generalization and robustness are both key desiderata for designing machine learning methods. Adversarial training can enhance robustness, but past work often finds it hurts generalization. In natural language processing (NLP), pre-training large neural language models such as BERT have demonstrated impressive gain in generalization for a variety of tasks, with further improvement from adversarial fine-tuning. However, these models are still vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we show that adversarial pre-training can improve both generalization and robustness. We propose a general algorithm ALUM (Adversarial training for large neural LangUage Models), which regularizes the training objective by applying perturbations in the embedding space that maximizes the adversarial loss. We present the first comprehensive study of adversarial training in all stages, including pre-training from scratch, continual pre-training on a well-trained model, and task-specific fine-tuning. ALUM obtains substantial gains over BERT on a wide range of NLP tasks, in both regular and adversarial scenarios. Even for models that have been well trained on extremely large text corpora, such as RoBERTa, ALUM can still produce significant gains from continual pre-training, whereas conventional non-adversarial methods can not. ALUM can be further combined with task-specific fine-tuning to attain additional gains. The ALUM code is publicly available at https://github.com/namisan/mt-dnn.
Properties of R Plasmid R772 and the Corresponding Pilus-specific Phage PR772 (1979)

R plasmid R772 was isolated from a strain of Proteus mirabilis and is a self-transmissible P-1 incompatibility group plasmid having a molecular weight of about 27 x 10(6). It renders bacterial hosts resistant to kanamycin. Phage PR772 was isolated as a phage dependent on the presence of R772 in bacterial hosts. It is hexagonal-shaped with a diameter of 53 nm, has a thick inner membrane and no tail. Vaguely defined appendages are sometimes apparent at some vertices and the phage possesses double-stranded DNA. The DNA has a guanine plus cytosine molar content of 48%. The phage is sensitive to chloroform and has a buoyant density of 1.26 g cm(-3). These observations suggested that the inner membrane of the phage could contain lipid. Phage PR772 differs in morphology from the double-stranded DNA plasmid-specific phages PR4 and PRR1 which adsorb to tips and sides, respectively, of sex pili coded for by P-1 incompatibility group plasmids. Phage PR772 formed clear plaques which varied in diameter. Serologically, phages PR772 and PR4 are possibly related though very distantly, but the two phages have identical host ranges. Phage PR772 adsorbed by one of its apices to tips of sex pili coded for by plasmid R772 in Escherichia coli. It also formed plaques on Salmonella typhimurium Proteus morganii and Providence strains harbouring this plasmid as well as strains of E. coli carrying plasmids of incompatibility groups N or W. The phage produced areas of partial clearing on lawns of P. mirabilis PM5006 harbouring plasmid R772, the P-1 incompatibility group plasmid RP4, the W group plasmid RSa or the N group plasmid N3, and on lawns of Providence strain P29 carrying plasmid RP4.
Number-splitting with shift-and-add decomposition for power and hardware optimization in linear DSP synthesis (2000)

Most DSP synthesis tools perform limited architectural transformations to optimize hardware and power, Multiplications are often implemented with shift and-add operations for hardware efficiency, In this paper, we propose an optimization that combines a numerical transformation called number-splitting with a shift-and-add decomposition scheme. The numerical transformation "globally" changes the constant multipliers and the data flow-graph of the system under design, enabling implementations with fewer shifts and adds. The decomposition of multiplications into shifts and adds is such that as much intermediate computation results (partial products) can be reused as possible. The total number of operations can be reduced to 30% for two's complement encoding, yielding significant power and hardware saving.
Activity and pharmacokinetics of a new oral dosage form of soluble ibuprofen. (1992)

The pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of a soluble granular form (sachets) of a pharmaceutical formulation containing ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) and 1-arginine were investigated in healthy volunteers. Two granular dosage forms were evaluated, 200 and 400 mg, in comparison with the commercial equivalents (tablets). After the oral administration of both granular dosage forms, a quicker absorption and a significantly higher plasma bioavailability of ibuprofen in the first hour following the treatment than after tablets administration were observed. The mean values of peak plasma concentration (microgram/ml) were 26.1 and 56.4 after treatment with 200 and 400 mg sachets respectively vs. 16.3 and 43.0 after treatment with 200 and 400 mg tablets. The mean values of peak time were 16.9 and 24.4 min after treatment with 200 and 400 mg sachets respectively vs. 90.0 and 63.7 min after treatment with 200 and 400 mg tablets. The shortening in the absorption time and the increase in the plasma concentrations did not involve a quicker drug elimination nor cause any changes in the bioavailability (mean values of the relative bioavailability indexes of 0.98 for 200 mg dosage form and 1.02 for the 400 mg one). The analgesic activity of soluble ibuprofen 400 mg was compared with that of ibuprofen 400 mg tablets in patients with osteo-articular pain, according to a single dose, double-blind cross-over balanced design. The results showed that the soluble granular form is able to determine an analgesic effect significantly quicker and higher than that of tablets.
When a Rose is Not a Rose: Military Commissions v. Courts-Martial (2005)

The Military Commissions Act developed a judicial system based upon that of General Courts-Martial under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The military commissions will use many of the same personnel and share some procedures with general courts-martial, but certain aspects show them to be very dissimilar. Specifically: the revised evidentiary rules on coerced statements, hearsay and classified evidence; the lack of speedy trial rights; the absence of a formal pre-trial investigation; and the failure to apply case law precedent. These differences will have significant secondary effects on the process that are not favourable to a defendant. As a result of both the primary and secondary effects of the differences, the commissions will provide significantly less due process to unlawful combatants than the general court-martial process will provide to their lawful combatant counterparts.
Quantitative Assessment of Combination Antimicrobial Therapy against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (2008)

Treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections poses a therapeutic challenge to clinicians; combination therapy is often the only viable option for multidrug-resistant infections. A quantitative method was developed to assess the combined killing abilities of antimicrobial agents. Time-kill studies (TKS) were performed using a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii with escalating concentrations of cefepime (0 to 512 mg/liter), amikacin (0 to 256 mg/liter), and levofloxacin (0 to 64 mg/liter). The bacterial burden data in single and combined (two of the three agents with clinically achievable concentrations in serum) TKS at 24 h were mathematically modeled to provide an objective basis for comparing various antimicrobial agent combinations. Synergy and antagonism were defined as interaction indices of <1 and >1, respectively. A hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) simulating various clinical (fluctuating concentrations over time) dosing exposures was used to selectively validate our quantitative assessment of the combined killing effect. Model fits in all single-agent TKS were satisfactory (r(2) > 0.97). An enhanced combined overall killing effect was seen in the cefepime-amikacin combination (interactive index, 0.698; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.675 to 0.722) and the cefepime-levofloxacin combination (interactive index, 0.929; 95% CI, 0.903 to 0.956), but no significant difference in the combined overall killing effect for the levofloxacin-amikacin combination was observed (interactive index, 0.994; 95% CI, 0.982 to 1.005). These assessments were consistent with observations in HFIM validation studies. Our method could be used to objectively rank the combined killing activities of two antimicrobial agents when used together against a multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolate. It may offer better insights into the effectiveness of various antimicrobial combinations and warrants further investigations.
Cross-corpus acoustic emotion recognition from singing and speaking: A multi-task learning approach (2016)

Emotion is expressed over both speech and song. Previous works have found that although spoken and sung emotion recognition are different tasks, they are related. Classifiers that explicitly utilize this relatedness can achieve better performance than classifiers that do not. Further, research in speech emotion recognition has demonstrated that emotion is more accurately modeled when gender is taken into account. However, it is not yet clear how domain (speech or song) and gender can be jointly leveraged in emotion recognition systems nor how systems leveraging this information can perform in cross-corpus settings. In this paper, we explore a multi-task emotion recognition framework and compare the performance across different classification models and output selection/fusion methods using cross-corpus evaluation. Our results show the classification accuracy is the highest when information is shared only between closely related tasks and when the output of disparate models are fused.