gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A clustering method using an irregular size cell graph (2005)

In this paper we propose a clustering method (data mining technique) called "FlexDice" for large high-dimensional datasets. The data structure used in FlexDice is a graph-structure. Its data structure and the data structure of Quadtree have a few same features, but they have some crucial differences. The most crucial difference is that the data structure of Quadtree is a tree-structure while the data structure used in FlexDice is a graph-structure. In this paper we show the differences between these structures. Quadtree is a tree-structure, and the algorithm constructing it forms cells hierarchically by dividing data object spaces in a top-down manner. That is why traversing operations from the root of the tree to each of its leaves is necessary in such methods of searching for or indexing of data objects. In contrast to the case of Quadtree, no tree-structure is required in the algorithm FlexDice, because such traversing operations are unnecessary. However in the clustering method, relevant cells which include each of the similar data objects must be merged, instead of choosing a hyper-dividing plane. Hence, FlexDice creates neighboring links among relevant cells in every layer after dividing cells, and merges such cells including similar data objects. To reduce memory usage, FlexDice dynamically removes worthless cells, and maintains only worthwhile cells including data objects and parent cells needed for creating neighboring links of worthwhile cells. After neighboring links among worthwhile cells are created, these parent cells needed for creating neighboring links of worthwhile cells are removed from memory. In this paper we present dissimilarity between the data structure used in FlexDice and the structure of Quadtree, and show that the data structure used in FlexDice is suitable for clustering.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF ANTIBODY‐FORMING CELLS IN THE MOUSE (1968)

Summary The popliteal lymph nodes of mice were antigenically stimulated with sheep erythrocytes, and the changing numbers of cells releasing 19S or 7S haemolytic antibody were assayed using a modification of the Jerne‐Ingraham plaque technique. For the first 2–3 days after primary immunization, no plaque‐ forming cells could be found in these nodes. A rapid rise in the number of cells releasing 19S antibody followed during the next 3 days. By 6 days cells producing 7S antibody began to appear, reaching peak numbers at about 12 days. From this time on, and throughout the secondary response, cells producing 7S antibody were much more numerous in the nodes than those releasing 19S haemoloysin. At all stages of primary and secondary immune responses, individual plaque‐ forming cells producing antibody of either type were isolated, smeared individually and examined by light microscopy. A wide variety of morphological types was found. A small proportion of plaques was produced by classical mature plasma cells, but most antibody‐forming cells were basophilic mono nuclears with relatively little cytoplasm. The smaller members of this series would probably be indistinguishable from small lymphocytes in preparations of living or fluorescence‐stained cells. No consistent morphological differences were observed between cells releasing 19S or 7S antibody. Thirteen plaque‐forming cells from the spleens of unimnunized mice have also been characterized. Six of these were lymphocytes, 6 were rather small basophilic mononuclear cells and 1 was classed as an atypical plasma cell.
SPARK: A Parallelizing Approach to the High-Level Synthesis of Digital Circuits (2004)

Rapid advances in microelectronic integration and the advent of Systems-on-Chip have fueled the need for high-level synthesis, i.e., an automated approach to the synthesis of hardware from behavioral descriptions. SPARK: A Parallelizing Approach to the High - Level Synthesis of Digital Circuits presents a novel approach to the high-level synthesis of digital circuits -- that of parallelizing high-level synthesis (PHLS). This approach uses aggressive code parallelizing and code motion techniques to discover circuit optimization opportunities beyond what is possible with traditional high-level synthesis. This PHLS approach addresses the problems of the poor quality of synthesis results and the lack of controllability over the transformations applied during the high-level synthesis of system descriptions with complex control flows, that is, with nested conditionals and loops. Also described are speculative code motion techniques and dynamic compiler transformations that optimize the circuit quality in terms of cycle time, circuit size and interconnect costs. We describe the SPARK parallelizing high-level synthesis framework in which we have implemented these techniques and demonstrate the utility of SPARK's PHLS approach using designs derived from multimedia and image processing applications. We also present a case study of an instruction length decoder derived from the Intel Pentium-class of microprocessors. This case study serves as an example of a typical microprocessor functional block with complex control flow and demonstrates how our techniques are useful for such designs. SPARK: A Parallelizing Approach to the High - Level Synthesis of Digital Circuits is targeted mainly to embedded system designers and researchers. This includes people working on design and design automation. The book is useful for researchers and design automation engineers who wish to understand how the main problems hindering the adoption of high-level synthesis among designers
Aliphatic/Aromatic Polyimide Ionomers as a Proton Conductive Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications (2006)

To produce a proton conductive and durable polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications, a series of sulfonated polyimide ionomers containing aliphatic groups both in the main and in the side chains have been synthesized. The title polyimide ionomers 1 with the ion exchange capacity of 1.78-2.33 mequiv/g were obtained by a typical polycondensation reaction as transparent, ductile, and flexible membranes. The proton conductivity of 1 was slightly lower than that of the perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion) below 100 degrees C, but comparable at higher temperature and 100% RH. The highest conductivity of 0.18 S cm(-)(1) was obtained for 1 at 140 degrees C. Ionomer 1 with high IEC and branched chemical structure exhibited improved proton conducting behavior without sacrificing membrane stability. Microscopic analyses revealed that smaller (<5 nm) and well-dispersed hydrophilic domains contribute to better proton conducting properties. Hydrogen and oxygen permeability of 1 was 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of Nafion under both dry and wet conditions. Fuel cell was fabricated with 1 membrane and operated at 80 degrees C and 0.2 A/cm(2) supplying H(2) and air both at 60% or 90% RH. Ionomer 1 membrane showed comparable performance to Nafion and was durable for 5000 h without distinct degradation.
Development of Halogen-Free and Phosphorous-Free Dielectric Material for Highly Thermal Conductivity Copper Clad Laminate (2008)

A newly developed reactive polyimide oligomer has been developed for the modification of BMI resin. The new modified-BMI dielectrics exhibit excellent toughness and high thermal stability and can pass the UL-94 V0 flame retarding standard without the use of halogen or phosphorous flame retardant. Copper clad laminate from these new modified BMI dielectric shows super high T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> > 270 degC), good mechanical and thermal properties, is compatible with traditional FR-4 processing conditions, and the newly-developed CCL has lower cost than traditional BMI materials. Moreover, these modified-BMI dielectrics hybridize inorganic fillers with higher thermal conductivity to form new high thermal conductivity materials.
Cortical Representation of Swallowing in Normal Adults: Functional Implications (1999)

Activation of the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, as well as other sensory-motor areas, occurs with swallowing in normal adults. Differential distribution of cortical activity with different swallowing tasks suggests differential functional organization for different swallowing tasks. Understanding these mechanisms may facilitate improved management and therapeutic intervention for neurogenic and postsurgical dysphagia.
Modification of the calcium and calmodulin sensitivity of the type I adenylyl cyclase by mutagenesis of its calmodulin binding domain. (1993)

The type I adenylyl cyclase is directly stimulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin in vitro, and the enzyme is also stimulated by increases in intracellular Ca2+ in vivo. Ca2+ stimulation of the enzyme in vivo may be due to direct interactions of the enzyme with Ca2+ and calmodulin or to an indirect mechanism involving stimulation of the enzyme by Ca(2+)-activated protein kinases. In this study, we have made several point mutations within the calmodulin binding domain to determine if the Ca2+ sensitivity of the enzyme can be modified by mutagenesis. The catalytic activities of the mutant enzymes were comparable to wild type type I adenylyl cyclase. Substitution of Cys-507 with Ser-507 did not have significant effects on the calmodulin or Ca2+ sensitivity of the enzyme. However, replacement of Lys-504 with Asp caused a 4-fold decrease in sensitivity to Ca2+. Ca2+ and calmodulin stimulation were abolished by substitution of Phe-503 with Arg-503. Stimulation of type I adenylyl cyclase activity in vivo by intracellular Ca2+ was also greatly diminished with the Arg-503 mutant indicating that Ca2+ stimulation of the enzyme in vivo is due primarily to direct interactions with calmodulin and Ca2+. These data demonstrate that the Ca2+ sensitivity of this enzyme can be modulated by point mutagenesis within the putative calmodulin binding domain and indicate that the enzyme can be directly regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin in vivo.
Rapid Healing of Venous Ulcers and Lack of Clinical Rejection With an Allogeneic Cultured Human Skin Equivalent (1998)

Treatment with HSE healed venous ulcers more rapidly and in more patients than compression therapy alone. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of rejection or sensitization in response to HSE application. These data suggest that HSE represents a significant advance in the treatment of venous ulcers, particularly those that are difficult to heal.
From Minutes to Years: Predicting Organotrifluoroborate Solvolysis Rates (2015)

Organotrifluoroborates solvolyze in water at rates that vary over five orders of magnitude. The negative logarithm of the solvolytic rate constant, pk(B-F), correlates exceptionally well with the pKa of the analogous carboxylic acid (R(2) = 0.984). This unforeseen correlation may be of predictive value for several applications including Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and the design of (18)F-organotrifluoroborate radioprosthetic groups.
The Laxative Effects of Lactulose in Normal and Constipated Subjects (1981)

Gastritis is associated with peptic ulcer, gastroenterostomy, pernicious anemia, and exposure to nitrosamines. Once established, the process may be self-perpetuating, resulting in atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and neoplasia. This can be explained by the process of endogenous nitrosation of amines in the inflamed gastric mucosa. Evidence is presented to support this hypothesis. Several drugs given parenterally have been identified as mutagenic nitroso compounds in homogenates of human and canine antral mucosa. Nitrite for this process is apparently derived from the inflamed mucosa. Different amines appear to be nitrosated at different places in the antrum, suggesting the presence of site-specific enzymes that control these reactions.
Naive physics, event perception, lexical semantics, and language acquisition (1992)

This thesis proposes a computational model of how children may come to learn the meanings of words in their native language. The proposed model is divided into two separate components. One component produces semantic descriptions of visually observed events while the other correlates those descriptions with co-occurring descriptions of those events in natural language. The first part of this thesis describes three implementations of the correlation process whereby representations of the meanings of whole utterances can be decomposed into fragments assigned as representations of the meanings of individual words. The second part of this thesis describes an implemented computer program that recognizes the occurrence of simple spatial motion events in simulated video input.
Use of rifaximin in gastrointestinal and liver diseases (2016)

Rifaximin is a broad spectrum oral antibiotic with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It is poorly absorbed and thus has a highly favorable safety profile. Rifaximin has been shown to be effective in the treatment of traveler's diarrhea, functional bloating and irritable bowel syndrome, small bowel bacterial overgrowth and in the prevention of recurrent overt hepatic encephalopathy. In addition, there is emerging evidence for a possible beneficial effect of rifaximin in the treatment of uncomplicated diverticular disease and in the prevention of recurrent diverticulitis. The use of rifaximin is associated with a low incidence of development, or persistence of spontaneous bacterial mutants. Moreover, the development of important drug resistance among extra-intestinal flora during rifaximin therapy is unlikely because of minimal systemic absorption and limited cross-resistance of rifaximin with other antimicrobials. This review addresses the current and emerging role of rifaximin in the treatment of gastrointestinal and liver disorders.
Detecting Ambiguity in Localization Problems Using Depth Sensors (2014)

We describe a method to identify ambiguous poses during tracking and localization based on depth sensors. In particular we distinguish between ambiguities related to specific acquisitions (track ambiguities) that hinder a good registration of the current pose with previous acquisitions and ambiguities related to repetitive elements observed in a particular (known) environment visited (map ambiguities). We propose a measure of both types of ambiguities to scale tracking and localization problems to large environments and to obtain more accurate results. We also propose a two level classifier that firstly labels an input observation as ambiguous or not, and then provides a prediction of candidate poses from the subset of unambiguous ones. We show that by identifying such poses, real time SLAM systems can reduce processing time in the real-time relocalization step. Furthermore, it permits the generation of more compact, highly-discriminative relocalization classifiers. We combine these proposals and use them as a proof of concept. Our preliminary results on real datasets justify the integration in SLAM or Ego-Motion pipelines of such concepts.
Wind noise reduction for a closely spaced microphone array in a car environment (2018)

This work studies a wind noise reduction approach for communication applications in a car environment. An endfire array consisting of two microphones is considered as a substitute for an ordinary cardioid microphone capsule of the same size. Using the decomposition of the multichannel Wiener filter (MWF), a suitable beamformer and a single-channel post filter are derived. Due to the known array geometry and the location of the speech source, assumptions about the signal properties can be made to simplify the MWF beamformer and to estimate the speech and noise power spectral densities required for the post filter. Even for closely spaced microphones, the different signal properties at the microphones can be exploited to achieve a significant reduction of wind noise. The proposed beamformer approach results in an improved speech signal regarding the signal-to-noise-ratio and keeps the linear speech distortion low. The derived post filter shows equal performance compared to known approaches but reduces the effort for noise estimation.
Privacy preserving distributed DBSCAN clustering (2012)

DBSCAN is a well-known density-based clustering algorithm which offers advantages for finding clusters of arbitrary shapes compared to partitioning and hierarchical clustering methods. However, there are few papers studying the DBSCAN algorithm under the privacy preserving distributed data mining model, in which the data is distributed between two or more parties, and the parties cooperate to obtain the clustering results without revealing the data at the individual parties. In this paper, we address the problem of two-party privacy preserving DBSCAN clustering. We first propose two protocols for privacy preserving DBSCAN clustering over horizontally and vertically partitioned data respectively and then extend them to arbitrarily partitioned data. We also provide analysis of the performance and proof of privacy of our solution.
Combustion and fire retardancy of aliphatic nylons (2000)

The overview of the literature for a 25-year period on the combustion and fire-retardant performance of major commercial aliphatic nylons is presented. It is shown that aliphatic nylons are relatively easily ignitable materials which support combustion and are therefore required to be fire retarded for some applications. Nylons do not produce vision-obscuring smoke during combustion, and the toxicity of their combustion products is similar to or lower than that of many other man-made materials. Patent literature and technical publications on the fire retardancy of aliphatic nylons with halogenated products, phosphorus-containing compounds, nitrogen-rich compounds, sulfur-containing, boron-containing and silicon-containing products are discussed. Miscellaneous inorganic additives and char-forming organic products are also discussed. It is concluded that, in spite of significant attempts, no commercial solution of fire retardancy of aliphatic nylons without loss of mechanical properties is available. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation and Characterization of a Generalized Transducing Bacteriophage for <i>Acinetobacter</i> (1974)

A series of bacteriophages which grow in various strains of Acinetobacter have been isolated. One of these, phage P78, which forms turbid plaques on Acinetobacter strain 78 is specific for this particular host and fails to attack 389 other independently isolated strains of Acinetobacter. Phage P78 appears to be a temperate phage which lysogenizes its host. Various agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, diethyl sulfate, mitomycin C, and ultraviolet light are effective inducers of the lysogen. Phage lysates of wild-type cells are capable of transducing auxotrophs of strain 78 to prototrophy at frequencies ranging from 0.3 x 10(-7) to 34 x 10(-7) per plaque-forming unit adsorbed. To date, no linkage has been detected between any of the markers studied in two-factor crosses. Donor phage grown in one particular mutant, strain 78 (arg-1), has been shown to give rise to significantly higher transduction frequencies than when phage is grown on wild-type or other auxotrophic strains. Phage P78 is rapidly adsorbed to its bacterial host and has a latent period of 25 min, and infection results in a burst size of approximately 50. Some of the physical properties of phage P78 and its DNA are described.
Inhibition of tumor growth in liver epithelial cells transfected with a transforming growth factor alpha antisense gene. (1994)

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) overexpression is associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma and with transformation of rat liver epithelial cell lines. In transgenic mice TGF alpha overexpression in the liver induces hepatocyte proliferation and leads to the development of tumors. Using a transformed rat liver epithelial cell line which can give rise to hepatocellular carcinomas, we used antisense genes to examine the importance of TGF alpha in tumor growth. Two different rat TGF alpha complementary DNA fragments were cloned in the antisense orientation into a thymidine kinase minigene downstream of a retroviral long terminal repeat. Cell lines that stably expressed the more effective construct, which contained a fragment that spanned the TGF alpha start codon, exhibited a 4-fold reduction in TGF alpha secretion relative to cell lines that expressed the thymidine kinase minigene alone. Following introduction into nude mice of 2 x 10(5) cells the control cell lines grew rapidly to produce large, highly cellular tumors by 5-6 weeks following injection, whereas with the antisense cell lines tumor growth was delayed so that tumors needed an additional 5 weeks to reach the same size. A high level of growth inhibition was also evident following injection of 2 x 10(6) cells, although the delay in tumor growth from antisense lines was shortened to about 3 weeks. Furthermore, tumors produced by 3 of the 4 antisense cell lines tested were fibrotic and hypocellular relative to those produced by the control cell lines. Growth of tumors from the antisense cell lines was associated with a decline in antisense RNA expression. In contrast, tumors generated from the control cell lines maintained high levels of expression of the control thymidine kinase minigene. These data demonstrate that tumor growth from highly tumorigenic liver cells can be inhibited by disrupting their ability to produce TGF alpha.
The Great Crystallite Versus Random Network Controversy: A Personal Perspective (2013)

An account is presented of the history of the controversy between supporters of the crystallite and random network theories, which dominated the structural theories of network glasses for approximately 50 years, and is very poorly, if not inaccurately, covered in many textbooks. The development of the various theories proposed to explain the constitution and structure of oxide glasses is outlined, starting with the early crystallite theory of 1835. The true origin of the random network theory is revealed, and a short summary is given of the arguments that led to the modern crystallite or cybotactic theory and of the reconciliation between the supporters of the (early) crystallite and random network theories. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the present status of the theories of the constitution and structure of oxide glasses, in light of the data provided by modern experimental and computer modelling/simulation techniques.
Structural recovery in lesioned adult mammalian spinal cord by x-irradiation of the lesion site. (1996)

Mechanical injury to the adult mammalian spinal cord results in permanent morphological disintegration including severance/laceration of brain-cord axons at the lesion site. We report here that some of the structural consequences of injury can be averted by altering the cellular components of the lesion site with x-irradiation. We observed that localized irradiation of the unilaterally transected adult rat spinal cord when delivered during a defined time-window (third week) postinjury prevented cavitation, enabled establishment of structural integrity, and resulted in regrowth of severed corticospinal axons through the lesion site and into the distal stump. In addition, we examined the natural course of degeneration and cavitation at the site of lesion with time after injury, noting that through the third week postinjury recovery processes are in progress and only at the fourth week do the destructive processes take over. Our data suggest that the adult mammalian spinal cord has innate mechanisms required for recovery from injury and that timed intervention in certain cellular events by x-irradiation prevents the onset of degeneration and thus enables structural regenerative processes to proceed unhindered. We postulate that a radiation-sensitive subgroup of cells triggers the delayed degenerative processes. The identity of these intrusive cells and the mechanisms for triggering tissue degeneration are still unknown.