gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life of youth with inflammatory bowel disease (2009)

Youth with IBD and their parents rate HRQoL as lower than healthy youth but do not perceive the impact of IBD to be as limiting as in other chronic conditions. Youth report suggests that IBD may be particularly detrimental to HRQoL in the school functioning domain. Moderate agreement between parent and youth reports substantiates continued use of multiple informants in studies of pediatric HRQoL.
Clarifying Commands with Information-Theoretic Human-Robot Dialog (2013)

Our goal is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of natural language communication between humans and robots. Human language is frequently ambiguous, and a robot's limited sensing makes complete understanding of a statement even more difficult. To address these challenges, we describe an approach for enabling a robot to engage in clarifying dialog with a human partner, just as a human might do in a similar situation. Given an unconstrained command from a human operator, the robot asks one or more questions and receives natural language answers from the human. We apply an information-theoretic approach to choosing questions for the robot to ask. Specifically, we choose the type and subject of questions in order to maximize the reduction in Shannon entropy of the robot's mapping between language and entities in the world. Within the framework of the G3 graphical model, we derive a method to estimate this entropy reduction, choose the optimal question to ask, and merge the information gained from the human operator's answer. We demonstrate that this improves the accuracy of command understanding over prior work while asking fewer questions as compared to baseline question-selection strategies.
Retinitis pigmentosa: rapid neurodegeneration is governed by slow cell death mechanisms (2013)

For most neurodegenerative diseases the precise duration of an individual cell's death is unknown, which is an obstacle when counteractive measures are being considered. To address this, we used the rd1 mouse model for retinal neurodegeneration, characterized by phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) dysfunction and photoreceptor death triggered by high cyclic guanosine-mono-phosphate (cGMP) levels. Using cellular data on cGMP accumulation, cell death, and survival, we created mathematical models to simulate the temporal development of the degeneration. We validated model predictions using organotypic retinal explant cultures derived from wild-type animals and exposed to the selective PDE6 inhibitor zaprinast. Together, photoreceptor data and modeling for the first time delineated three major cell death phases in a complex neuronal tissue: (1) initiation, taking up to 36 h, (2) execution, lasting another 40 h, and finally (3) clearance, lasting about 7 h. Surprisingly, photoreceptor neurodegeneration was noticeably slower than necrosis or apoptosis, suggesting a different mechanism of death for these neurons.
Synthesis and recognition of sequences (1991)

A string or sequence is a linear array of symbols that come from an alphabet. Due to unknown substitutions, insertions, and deletions of symbols, a sequence cannot be treated like a vector or a tuple of a fixed number of variables. The synthesis of an ensemble of sequences is a sequence of random elements that specify the probabilities of occurrence of the different symbols at the corresponding sites of the sequences. The synthesis is determined by a hierarchical sequence synthesis procedure (HSSP), which returns not only the taxonomic hierarchy of the whole ensemble of sequences but also the alignment and the synthesis of a group (a subset of the ensemble) of the sequences at each level of the hierarchy. The HSSP does not require the ensemble of sequences to be presented in the form of a tabulated array of data, the hierarchical information of the data, or the assumption of a stochastic process. The authors present the concept of sequence synthesis and the applicability of the HSSP as a supervised classification procedure as well as an unsupervised classification procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Strategic groups: A cognitive perspective (1993)

Abstract The strategic group concept provides an attractive middle ground between firm and industry for both theory development and empirical analysis. To date, this concept has been defined by researchers in terms of secondary accounting and financial data, and a number of critics have questioned the validity of this work. Our research shows that industry participants share perceptions about strategic commonalities among firms, and that participants cluster competitors in subtle ways not reflected in extant academic research on strategic groups. Decision makers' perceptions and cognitions are phenomena that can be expected to influence industry evolution. They are of research interest as an additional source of data on firm commonalities which helps address concerns about previous strategic group research.
Dynamic data scratchpad memory management for a memory subsystem with an MMU (2007)

In this paper, we propose a dynamic scratchpad memory (SPM)management technique for a horizontally-partitioned memory subsystem with an MMU. The memory subsystem consists of a relatively cheap direct-mapped data cache and SPM. Our technique loads required global data and stack pages into the SPM on demand when a function is called. A scratchpad memory managerloads/unloads the data pages and maintains a page table for the MMU. Our approach is based on post-pass analysis and optimization techniques, and it handles the whole program including libraries. The data page mapping is determined by solving an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation that approximates our demand paging technique. The ILP model uses a dynamic call graph annotated with the number of memory accesses and/or cache misses obtained by profiling. We evaluate our technique on thirteen embedded applications. We compare the results to a reference system with a 4-way set associative data cache and the ideal case with the same 4-way cache and SPM, where all global and stack data is placed in the SPM. On average, our approach reduces the total system energy consumption by 8.1% with no performance degradation. This is equivalent to exploiting 60% of the room available in energy reduction between the reference case and the ideal case.
Surface and Particle Modification via the RAFT Process: Approach and Properties (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Approach Properties Conclusions Abbreviations Acknowledgment
The Chemical Structure of Some Diamine Carbamates<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemical Structure of Some Diamine Carbamates1Ephraim Katchalski, Chaja Berliner-Klibanski, and Arie BergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4, 1829–1831Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01148a124https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01148a124research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Constructing single- and multiple-helical microcoils and characterizing their performance as components of microinductors and microelectromagnets (1997)

This paper describes a means for producing single- and multiple-helical microcoils by using microcontact printing to print lines on cylinders. This method was used to fabricate coils made of wires with widths and spaces between 150-25 /spl mu/m wrapped around cylinders with diameters between 100-400 /spl mu/m. Results show that microelectromagnets using these microcoils produce magnetic flux densities in excess of 0.4 T and can be switched on and off on a submillisecond time scale.
Predictive Analytics: Development and Deployment of Upstream Data Driven Models (2012)

Abstract The oil and gas industry is engulfed by a plethora of disparate data collated across multiple geoscientific and siloed disciplines. Moreover, the data are growing exponentially as digital oilfields are being implemented in some fashion to manage conventional and unconventional assets. Performing exploratory data analysis and generating data marts tailored to specific advanced analytical workflows are cornerstones to enable development and deployment of predictive models that are data driven, both in real-time and across historical data sets. To build data driven models that can predict under uncertainty is essential to rapidly identify multi-dimensional parameters in a multivariate environment and thus surface hidden patterns and relationships in data that subsequently reduce time and resources in the critical decision-making cycles. With improved workflows and advances in High Performance Computing, it is now possible to ascertain risk and quantify uncertainty for very large populations of data without sampling and losing knowledge garnered by predictive models driven by the data and not by empirical petroleum engineering algorithms or deterministic methodologies. By marrying the stochastic with the interpretive school of thought, the upstream community can maintain robust data driven models that are kept current as new data are introduced. This paper draws upon two case studies that ameliorate the path from raw data to invaluable knowledge. We shall look at a suite of predictive models driven by real-time data that were built upon patterns surfaced in historical data. These models have been implemented to identify optimized drilling and production strategies in the North American tight gas plays and acid stimulation strategies in the Gulf of Mexico.
Principles of Cancer Biology (2005)

Principles of Cancer Biology, is an engaging book focused on providing students with a "big picture" view of cancer. Author Lewis Kleinsmith has written an instructional text focusing on key concepts for both students and a general audience. For those instructors who wish to delve into particular aspects of cancer biology in greater depth, each chapter contains a list of suggested readings that expand the detail as needed. The text also emphasizes the scientific evidence that underlies cancer biology, and teaches students to think critically about this evidence- as there are constantly new "breakthroughs" and reports in this field. For students who need the review, there are brief reviews of several topics related to DNA replication and repair, cell division, cell signaling, and inheritance patterns in chapters where these subjects are relevant. By including these reviews, the text is both accessible and engaging to a broad audience of readers who are studying cancer biology for the first time, as well as an interested general audience
Real time ADCP current measurement system for the New York harbor area (2002)

Real time current measurement systems using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) were deployed for one year beginning in November 1994 at three locations in the New York Harbor area. The systems were part of a field data collection program supporting hydrodynamic and water quality modeling of the New York Harbor and Bight areas. The purpose of the modeling effort is to assess water quality changes created by proposed upgrades to New York City wastewater treatment plants. The measurements collected were used for input and verification of a system-wide circulation and eutrophication model. The current measurement systems are similar to those used by National Ocean Survey (NOS) for the Physical Oceanographic Real Time System (PORTS) program in Florida. The shape of the ADCP mount was retained to ensure stability and minimize the potential for disruption by fishing or other activities. However, the composition of the materials were changed to reduce the overall weight by several thousand pounds. The ADCPs were cabled directly to a computer at a nearby shore facility which enabled downloading of the data via modem from Evans-Hamilton's Inc.'s (EHI) Seattle office. Data were also stored within the ADCPs to ensure against data loss should disruption of the data transmission to shore occur. This data measurement system resulted in minimal data loss, allowing problems noted in the data or meters via the direct telephone link to be detected and rectified quickly.
Cross-Reactivity of T Cells and Its Role in the Immune System (2012)

T-cell receptors recognize peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The ability of the T-cell receptor (TCR) to recognize more than one peptide-MHC structure defines cross-reactivity. Cross-reactivity is a documented phenomenon of the immune system whose importance is still under investigation. There are a number of rational arguments for cross-reactivity. These include the discrepancy between the theoretical high number of pathogen-derived peptides and the lower diversity of the T-cell repertoire, the need for recognition of escape variants, and the intrinsic low affinity of this receptor-ligand pair. However, quantifying the phenomenon has been difficult, and its immunological importance remains unknown. In this review, we examined the cases for and against an important role for cross reactivity. We argue that it may be an essential feature of the immune system from the point of view of biological robustness.
NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SECTION ON NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, AND NEW YORK NEUROLOGICAL SOCIETY (1960)

<h3>Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder in Metropolitan Old Age and Nursing Homes.</h3> DR. A. I.Goldfarb. The direct examination and review of records of 2,465 aged, institutionalized persons in 25 selected old age homes, nursing homes, and state hospitals indicates psychiatric and medical services should be strengthened and expanded in all such shelters. In old age poor mental functional status is almost directly related to severity of physical impairment. The largest proportion of aged persons with the poorest physical functional status were found in nursing homes, but in state hospitals a high proportion with relatively good physical functioning status were severely mentally impaired. Psychiatric disorders in the absence of chronic brain syndrome were found in 10%, 5%, and 8% of persons in old age homes, nursing homes, and state hospitals, respectively. Twenty-seven per cent of old age home residents were considered certifiable for admission to a
Motion Estimation of Large Space Debris Objects Using Imaging (2002)

軌道上に打ち上げられる衛星の数の増加につれて, 宇宙のゴミであるスペースデブリが低軌道における宇宙活動において問題になりつつあり, それらの除去手法が必要となってきている。衛星自身がその寿命後に軌道を落とし, 地球に落下して燃え尽きる機能を備えていることが好ましいが, 現存する既に運用を停止した衛星には, そのような機能は期待できない。そこで, 積極的に故障した衛星を除去・修理する「デブリ回収機」と呼ばれるような宇宙機の開発が別の手法として考えられている。 このような回収機の開発においては多くの技術的な課題が考えられるが, その中の重要な要素技術の一つである「画像情報を用いたデブリの運動推定技術」を本稿では取り扱う。
Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based poly(crown ether)s and permeability of their polymeric membranes (1983)

Abstract Polymers that contain crown ether moieties at the side chain and are capable of forming rather tough film were synthesized by the polymer reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with formyl derivatives of aliphatic crown ethers such as 12‐crown‐4, 15‐crown‐5, and 18‐crown‐6. In the passive transport of alkali metal picrates across the poly(crown ether) membranes the permeation, particularly of alkali metals which tend to form intramolecular sandwich‐type complexes with the crown ether rings, was retarded, compared with a poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane. The cation selectivities in the permeation of poly(crown ether) membranes differed significantly from those of poly(vinyl alcohol).
Isotachophoresis of proteins in a networked microfluidic chip: Experiment and 2‐D simulation (2007)

This paper reports both the experimental application and 2-D simulation of ITP of proteins in a networked microfluidic chip. Experiments demonstrate that a mixture of three fluorescent proteins can be concentrated and stacked into adjacent zones of pure protein under a constant voltage of 100 V over a 2 cm long microchannel. Measurements of the isotachophoretic velocity of the moving zones demonstrates that, during ITP under a constant voltage, the zone velocity decreases as more of the channel is occupied by the terminating electrolyte. A 2-D ITP model based on the Nernst-Planck equations illustrates the stacking and separation features of ITP using simulations of three virtual proteins. The self-sharpening behavior of ITP zones dispersed by a T-junction is clearly demonstrated both by experiment and by simulation. Comparison of 2-D simulations of ITP and zone electrophoresis (ZE) confirms that ZE lacks the ability to resharpen protein zones after they pass through a T-junction.
Rotaviruses specifically bind to the neutral glycosphingolipid asialo-GM1 (1990)

Rotaviruses are the major etiologic agents of severe diarrhea in children. Many rotaviruses encode a hemagglutinin which binds to sialic acids. We report that rotaviruses specifically recognize the neutral glycosphingolipid gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo-GM1 or GA1). GA1 resolved by thin-layer chromatography is bound by rotavirus, and binding is blocked by neutralizing rotavirus antiserum. Similar glycosphingolipid structures, such as globoside, gangliotriaosylceramide, and GA1 oxidized with galactose oxidase are ineffective in binding rotavirus. Other enteric viruses also specifically bind GA1. GA1 adsorbed to polystyrene beads inhibits rotavirus replication in vitro (as do anti-GA1 antibodies). The use of orally administered immobilized GA1 or anti-GA1 antibodies may prove useful in preventing or attenuating rotaviral and other enteric viral infections.
Comparative Analysis of Osteogenic/Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential in Primary Limb Bud-Derived and C3H10T1/2 Cell Line-Based Mouse Micromass Cultures (2013)

Murine micromass models have been extensively applied to study chondrogenesis and osteogenesis to elucidate pathways of endochondral bone formation. Here we provide a detailed comparative analysis of the differentiation potential of micromass cultures established from either BMP-2 overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells or mouse embryonic limb bud-derived chondroprogenitor cells, using micromass cultures from untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells as controls. Although the BMP-2 overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells failed to form chondrogenic nodules, cells of both models expressed mRNA transcripts for major cartilage-specific marker genes including Sox9, Acan, Col2a1, Snorc, and Hapln1 at similar temporal sequence, while notable lubricin expression was only detected in primary cultures. Furthermore, mRNA transcripts for markers of osteogenic differentiation including Runx2, Osterix, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin were detected in both models, along with matrix calcification. Although the adipogenic lineage-specific marker gene FABP4 was also expressed in micromass cultures, Oil Red O-positive cells along with PPARγ2 transcripts were only detected in C3H10T1/2-derived micromass cultures. Apart from lineage-specific marker genes, pluripotency factors (Nanog and Sox2) were also expressed in these models, reflecting on the presence of various mesenchymal lineages as well as undifferentiated cells. This cellular heterogeneity has to be taken into consideration for the interpretation of data obtained by using these models.
Architectural Comparison of Instruments for Transaction Level Monitoring of FPGA-Based Packet Processing Systems (2009)

The fine-grained parallelism inherent in FPGAs has encouraged their use in packet processing systems. To facilitate debugging and performance evaluation, designers require on-chip monitors that provide abstractions of low-level details and a system-level perspective. In this paper, we present five architectures that permit transaction-based communication-centric monitoring of packet processing systems. We compare the resource requirements and filtering functionality of each architecture, demonstrating that sequential matching is more resource efficient than parallel matching. We also show that generic filtering has a low overhead compared to specialised filtering while providing additional flexibility. A scalable architecture is also presented, which is more flexible and adaptable to matching requirements than other architectures. These monitoring architectures permit the implementation of a highly effective test system which provides a system-level perspective and is more resource efficient than conventional RTL debug environments.
A Novel, Nonaqueous Method for Regeneration of Aldehydes from Bisulfite Adducts (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Novel, Nonaqueous Method for Regeneration of Aldehydes from Bisulfite AdductsDouglas P. Kjell, Brian J. Slattery, and Michael J. SemoView Author Information Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., P.O. Box 685, Lafayette, Indiana 47902 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 15, 5722–5724Publication Date (Web):July 2, 1999Publication History Received29 March 1999Published online2 July 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990543vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990543vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7867Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Adducts,Aldehydes,Mixtures,Purification,Sodium Get e-Alerts