gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developments in three‐dimensional stereo brightfield microscopy (1993)

We present recent developments of a widefield computer/microscope system and image reconstruction algorithm for producing three-dimensional (3D) increased depth of field images in the form of brightfield stereo pairs of thick specimens. The theoretical principle of this image reconstruction technique is based on Weiner-type inverse filtering. A number of extensions and refinements to our previous work have included further testing of the system with a broader class of specimens and the implementation of several pragmatic refinements important for future 3D microscopy systems. These refinements include histogram modification routines for improving visualization, a preprocessing routine to eliminate edge artifacts due to circular convolution and other effects, stereo viewing angle optimization, a rule of thumb estimate for the axial sampling rate, and incorporation of a variation of the Fast Fourier Transform and filtering operations that significantly reduce computational time. Images of spyrogyra, neonatal rat hippocampal neurons, and cervical/vaginal cell smears are presented to show the utility of these methods for 3D visualization. The primary advantages of these methods are that they operate with an ordinary transmitted light microscope and are inexpensively implemented on a personal computer with reasonable computation time.
Etiology of Diarrhea in Older Children, Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review (2010)

This is the first systematic review which has considered the relative importance of multiple diarrhea pathogens. The few studies identified suggest that there is a great need for additional prospective studies around the world in these age groups to better understand the burden of disease and the variation by region.
Treatments targeting inotropy (2018)

Acute heart failure (HF) and in particular, cardiogenic shock are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A therapeutic dilemma is that the use of positive inotropic agents, such as catecholamines or phosphodiesterase-inhibitors, is associated with increased mortality. Newer drugs, such as levosimendan or omecamtiv mecarbil, target sarcomeres to improve systolic function putatively without elevating intracellular Ca2+. Although meta-analyses of smaller trials suggested that levosimendan is associated with a better outcome than dobutamine, larger comparative trials failed to confirm this observation. For omecamtiv mecarbil, Phase II clinical trials suggest a favourable haemodynamic profile in patients with acute and chronic HF, and a Phase III morbidity/mortality trial in patients with chronic HF has recently begun. Here, we review the pathophysiological basis of systolic dysfunction in patients with HF and the mechanisms through which different inotropic agents improve cardiac function. Since adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria are intimately linked to the processes of excitation-contraction coupling, we also discuss the impact of inotropic agents on mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox regulation. Therefore, this position paper should help identify novel targets for treatments that could not only safely improve systolic and diastolic function acutely, but potentially also myocardial structure and function over a longer-term.
The CYC8 and TUP1 proteins involved in glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are associated in a protein complex. (1991)

Mutations of yeast CYC8 or TUP1 genes greatly reduce the degree of glucose repression of many genes and affect other regulatory pathways, including mating type. The predicted CYC8 protein contains 10 copies of the 34-amino-acid tetratricopeptide repeat unit, and the predicted TUP1 protein has six repeated regions found in the beta subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. The absence of DNA-binding motifs and the presence of these repeated domains suggest that the CYC8 and TUP1 proteins function via protein-protein interaction with transcriptional regulatory proteins. We raised polyclonal antibodies against TrpE-CYC8 and TrpE-TUP1 fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. The CYC8 and TUP1 proteins from yeast cells were detected as closely spaced doublets on Western immunoblots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Western blots of nondenaturing gels revealed that both proteins are associated in a high-molecular-weight complex with an apparent size of 1,200 kDa. In extracts from delta cyc8 strains, the size of the complex is reduced to 830 kDa. The CYC8 and TUP1 proteins were coprecipitated by either antiserum, further supporting the conclusion that they are associated with each other. The complex could be reconstituted in vitro by mixing extracts from strains with complementary mutations in the CYC8 and TUP1 genes.
Inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) restore the p53 pathway in neuroblastoma cells (2007)

In neuroblastoma cells, HDAC inhibitors may overcome the resistance to classical chemotherapeutic drugs by restoring the p53 tumour-repressor function via its hyper-acetylation and nuclear migration, events usually impaired in such tumours. In neuroblastoma cells, HDAC inhibitors are not able to induce p21/Waf1/Cip1 in the absence of a functional p53.
Imprint lithography advances in LED manufacturing (2007)

Abstract Imprint lithography is a promising cost effect alternative to e‐beam and optical lithography for producing photonic crystals and other nano‐scale light extraction and beam directing elements for LEDs; however, there are several challenges that must be overcome before imprint lithography can be applied to typical LED substrates. This paper reviews progress made at Molecular Imprints Inc. (MII) in imprinting representative 3″ GaN on Sapphire substrates including methods for dealing with substrate non‐flatness, multi‐die imprint, and imprinting on warped and bowed substrates. The results of imprinting over typical GaN on Sapphire topography and common defects such as fall‐on particles and EPI defects is presented along with results on GaN wafers optimized for imprint lithography. Whole wafer thin template replication techniques are also discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two distinct Staufen isoforms in <i>Xenopus</i> are vegetally localized during oogenesis (2004)

Localization of mRNA is an important way of generating early asymmetries in the developing embryo. In Drosophila, Staufen is intimately involved in the localization of maternally inherited mRNAs critical for cell fate determination in the embryo. We show that double-stranded RNA-binding Staufen proteins are present in the oocytes of a vertebrate, Xenopus, and are localized to the vegetal cytoplasm, a region where important mRNAs including VegT and Vg1 mRNA become localized. We identified two Staufen isoforms named XStau1 and XStau2, where XStau1 was found to be the principal Staufen protein in oocytes, eggs, and embryos, the levels of both proteins peaking during mid-oogenesis. In adults, Xenopus Staufens are principally expressed in ovary and testis. XStau1 was detectable throughout the oocyte cytoplasm by immunofluorescence and was concentrated in the vegetal cortical region from stage II onward. It showed partial codistribution with subcortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER), raising the possibility that Staufen may anchor mRNAs to specific ER-rich domains. We further showed that XStau proteins are transiently phosphorylated by the MAPK pathway during meiotic maturation, a period during which RNAs such as Vg1 RNA are released from their tight localization at the vegetal cortex. These findings provide evidence that Staufen proteins are involved in targeting and/or anchoring of maternal determinants to the vegetal cortex of the oocyte in Xenopus. The Xenopus oocyte should thus provide a valuable system to dissect the role of Staufen proteins in RNA localization and vertebrate development.
The mechanism of coagulation by ultrasonic waves (1936)

K. Söllner and C. Bondy, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1936, 32, 616 DOI: 10.1039/TF9363200616
Laser dissection sampling modes for direct mass spectral analysis (2016)

Laser ablation spot sampling has the highest spatial resolution of any sampling mode, useful in this case for the analysis of single cells. Laser ablation raster sampling was best for sampling regions with unique shapes that are difficult to measure using other sampling modes. Laser 'cut and drop' sampling can be used for cases where the highest sensitivity is needed, for example, monitoring drugs present in trace amounts in tissue.
The role of ADP‐ribosylation and G<sub>M1</sub>‐binding activity in the mucosal immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> heat‐labile enterotoxin and <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> cholera toxin (1998)

The mucosal route of vaccination has attracted a great deal of attention recently. Not only is mucosal application of vaccines, for example, orally or intranasally, particularly convenient, it also offers the possibility to induce locally produced and secreted S-IgA antibodies in addition to systemic IgG antibodies. These IgA antibodies are known to play a key role in protection against pathogens that invade the host through mucosal surfaces. Induction of such responses is not readily achieved by currently used vaccination strategies, which generally involve intramuscular or subcutaneous injection with inactivated pathogens or antigens thereof. For the induction of a mucosal immune response, the vaccine needs to be applied locally. However, local vaccination with non-replicating antigens is usually ineffective and may result in tolerance unless a mucosal immunoadjuvant is included. The most potent mucosal immunoadjuvants known to date are probably cholera toxin (CT) and the closely related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Although CT and LT have become standard adjuvants for experimental mucosal vaccines, the intrinsic toxicity has thus far precluded their use as adjuvants for human vaccine formulations. In the present review, the mucosal immunogenic and adjuvant properties of LT and CT are described, with special emphasis on the functional role of the individual subunits on their immune-stimulatory properties.
Effects of Isopropyl Unoprostone and Latanoprost on Melanogenesis in Mouse Epidermal Melanocytes (2002)

Both unoprostone and latanoprost enhanced tyrosinase activity. These prostaglandin-related compounds may influence the nature of melanin and result in pigmentation.
Nanocrystals Composed of Alternating Shells of Pd and Pt Can Be Obtained by Sequentially Adding Different Precursors (2011)

This paper describes a layer-by-layer epitaxial approach to the synthesis of multishelled nanocrystals composed of alternating shells of Pd and Pt by starting with seeds made of Pd or Pt nanocrystals. The synthesis was conducted by sequentially adding PtCl(4)(2-) and PdCl(4)(2-) salt precursors into a system containing either Pd or Pt seeds (in the shape of cuboctahedrons, octahedrons, plates, or cubes) together with a weak reducing agent such as citric acid (CA). The slow reduction kinetics associated with CA played an important role in the epitaxial growth of one metal on the other, resulting in the formation of Pd-Pt multishelled nanocrystals. Owing to the capping effect of CA for {111} facets of Pd and Pt, the multishelled nanocrystals tended to be enclosed by {111} facets in the form of octahedrons or thin plates, depending on the shapes of the Pd or Pt seeds: octahedrons for cuboctahedral, cubic, or octahedral seeds, and plates for platelike seeds.
Physical and genetic map of 5q31: use of fluorescence in situ hybridization data to identify errors in the CEPH database (1994)

Chromosome 5, band q31, contains the genes responsible for a number of interesting genetic and malignant diseases, as well as many cloned genes. To prepare a high-resolution map of this region, eight anonymous DNA markers were mapped by combining genetic data derived from linkage analysis, with physical data obtained using two-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Probe order was determined by FISH on metaphase cells, supplemented with interphase analysis, while genetic distance and likely order were determined by multipoint linkage analysis using genotype data from Centre d'Etude de Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) pedigrees. Discrepancies between the genetic and physical maps suggested that there was a high rate of genotyping errors in the CEPH data for these markers, and prompted a statistical analysis to identify these errors. By assuming a known physical order (as determined by FISH) it was possible to identify markers which had the greatest degree of error. The average typing error was estimated at 1.8%, but several markers had much higher error rates; a 14% error rate was predicted for one locus, which was subsequently confirmed by retyping. The analysis led to the preparation of a revised map spanning 24.5 cM of 5q31. This study illustrates the power of FISH to determine physical order over a wide genomic distance, and demonstrates how order can be used as an adjunct to linkage analysis, particularly in the identification of genotyping errors.
A METHOD FOR DEDUCING BRANCHING SEQUENCES IN PHYLOGENY (1965)

With the advent of relatively objective classifications, such as the phenetic classifications produced by the operational techniques of numerical taxonomy (Sokal and Sneath, 1963), it was inevitable that biologists would wonder what phylogenetic conclusions could be drawn from them and with what reliability.If these phenetic taxonomies did not reflect all of the elements of phyletics (Sokal and Camin, 1965), could techniques be devised for deducing the latter?For example, could operational methods be devised for deducing the cladistic relationships among taxa, so that, given the same initial information, different investigators would obtain the same results?By cladistic relationships we mean the evolutionary branching sequences among taxonomic units without regard to phenetic similarities among them or to an absolute time scale.There is no question that phylogenies could probably be reconstructed without error for any taxonomic group if complete fossil sequences for that group were available.However, can cladistic reconstructions be carried out with any degree of 1 This paper was presented on December 29, 1964, at a symposium entitled "Interactions between numerical and orthodox taxonomies" at Knoxville, Tennessee, before the Society of Systematic Zoology.2 Contribution No.
Exchange-spring systems: Coupling of hard and soft ferromagnets as measured by magnetization and Brillouin light scattering (invited) (1999)

An experimental and theoretical study is presented of the normal magnetic modes in spiral ferromagnetic structures. The bilayer system studied consists of Fe layers (25, 50, 100, and 200 Å thick) that are exchange coupled to 200 Å thick SmCo films that have ≈200 kOe anisotropies. The Fe spiral—induced by an external magnetic field that is applied opposite to the direction of the magnetized film—results in a structure similar to that encountered in a Bloch domain wall. The magnetization and the field dependence of the magnons in various Fe films are explained by the theoretical model.
QTL Mapping for Partial Resistance to Southern Corn Rust Using RILs of Tropical Sweet Corn (2013)

Southern corn rust is one of destructive diseases in maize caused by Puccinia polysora Undrew. A mapping population of tropical sweet corn recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between hA9104 and hA9035 inbred lines were set up to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in partial resistance to southern corn rust. Eighty nine RILs were used to evaluate resistance levels using nine-point relative scale (1-9) at Sweet Seeds, Suwan Farm, Thailand include combined analysis. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 157 SSR markers, with a total length of 2123.1 cM, covering 10 chromosomes. Broad-sense heritability of individual location ranged from 0.76 and 0.82 and combined across locations was 0.87. Multiple QTL mapping (MQM) was applied for the identification of the QTLs. Fifteen QTLs were detected on chromosome 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and 10 in both locations and combined across locations. QTLs on chromosome 1, 5 and 6 were contributed by alleles of resistant parent hA9104 while others were contributed by alleles from the susceptible parent, hA9035. Phenotypic variance of each QTL explained ranged from 6.1% to 41.8% with a total of 69.8% - 81.9%. QTL on chromosome 1, 6 and 10 were stable QTLs detected in both locations.
Cache Replacement for Transcoding Proxy Caching (2005)

In this paper, we address the problem of cache replacement for transcoding proxy caching. First, an efficient cache replacement algorithm is proposed. Our algorithm considers both the aggregate effect of caching multiple versions of the same multimedia object and cache consistency. Second, a complexity analysis is presented to show the efficiency of our algorithm. Finally, some preliminary simulation experiments are conducted to compare the performance of our algorithm with some existing algorithms. The results show that our algorithm outperforms others in terms of the various performance metrics.
The control of brain tryptophan concentration. (1975)

Addition of linoleic acid to rat plasma caused increased uptake of radioactive tryptophan by incubated brain slices. Addition of competing amino acids within the physiological range of their concentrations had negligible effect. Rat midbrain tryptophan concentration in vivo correlated significantly with plasma free tryptophan. These results are consistent with previous work indicating the importance of plasma free tryptophan as a determinant of brain tryptophan concentration.
Authoritarianism and its Adversaries in the Arab World (1994)

While scholars outside the Arab world often link authoritarianism there to some dark cultural template involving religious doctrine or family structure, scholars of the region ground their explanations in political economy, in the historical evolution of the state, in patterns of state-society interactions, and in ideological appeals. To understand authoritarian outcomes, they draw attention to economic transformations, to social actors and the importance of organized social groups, to the role of state efforts to contain them in shaping political outcomes, to the repressive institutions that sometimes arise from this process, and to weaknesses of state ideologies that arise to justify authoritarian outcomes. Their work allows us to unpack the phenomenon of authoritarianism by reorganizing it into three different sets of forces: those that precipitate authoritarianism, those that sustain it, and those that resist it. The result is a clearer and more nuanced understanding of the range of factors that affect the likelihood of any state resorting to violence.
The Method of Signal Decomposition to Reduce the PAPR (2013)

A new method of signal decomposition based on the baseband to reduce the PAPR which Decompose the OFDM signal into two signals, The new method  and its degree of PAPR improvement are introduced in detail . Two thresholds are introduced, compare threshold Tc and decompose threshold Td .Simulation the results in different thresholds .The results show that the method can reduce the PAPR greatly. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i10.3389
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION FROM ENZYME-THINNED STARCH WITH IMMOBILIZED LACTOBACILLUS AMYLOVORUS (2001)

Immobilized Lactobacillus amylovorus converts enzyme-thinned starch (ETS) to lactic acid. ETS was gelatinized and thinned with α-amylase. The standard medium contained w = 3 % (w/v) Yeast Extract, ETS and j = 10 % (v/v) Friedman's mineral solution. As in free-cell fermentation, increasing levels of yeast extract resulted in faster production rates and higher cell numbers in alginate beads but not in increased productivity per cell. In immobilized-cell batch fermentation, the yeast extract requirement could be reduced to 0.75 %. Lactic acid productivity could be maintained in repeated batch fermentations.
Mechanical Properties of Titanium Particles Dispersed Magnesium Matrix Composite Produced through Accumulative Diffusion Bonding Process (2010)

This paper reports improved mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy at room temperature. Titanium particles dispersed AZ91 magnesium alloy composite is produced through accumulative diffusion bonding (ADB) process. Vickers hardness, ultimate tensile strength and 0.2% proof stress increased with increasing the amount of titanium particles. The composite with 2.0% Ti produced by the ADB process showed significantly high elongation over 30%. Improved ductility would be due to random texture development by severe plastic deformation and stress relaxation by titanium particles.
Context aware power management for motion-sensing body area network nodes (2014)

Body Area Networks (BANs) are widely used mainly for healthcare and fitness purposes. In both cases, the lifetime of sensor nodes included in the BAN is a key aspect that may affect the functionality of the whole system. Typical approaches to power management are based on a trade-off between the data rate and the monitoring time. Our work introduces a power management layer capable to opportunistically use data sampled by sensors to detect contextual information such as user activity and adapt the node operating point accordingly. The use of this layer has been demonstrated on a commercial sensor node, increasing its battery lifetime up to a factor of 5.
Use of Guard-Ring Silicon Surface-Barrier Detectors in Beta Spectrometry (1962)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. J. Fox, C. J. Borkowski; Use of Guard‐Ring Silicon Surface‐Barrier Detectors in Beta Spectrometry. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 July 1962; 33 (7): 757. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1717954 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Vision Based Railway Track Monitoring using Deep Learning (2017)

Computer vision based methods have been explored in the past for detection of railway track defects, but full automation has always been a challenge because both traditional image processing methods and deep learning classifiers trained from scratch fail to generalize that well to infinite novel scenarios seen in the real world, given limited amount of labeled data. Advancements have been made recently to make machine learning models utilize knowledge from a different but related domain. In this paper, we show that even though similar domain data is not available, transfer learning provides the model understanding of other real world objects and enables training production scale deep learning classifiers for uncontrolled real world data. Our models efficiently detect both track defects like sunkinks, loose ballast and railway assets like switches and signals. Models were validated with hours of track videos recorded in different continents resulting in different weather conditions, different ambience and surroundings. A track health index concept has also been proposed to monitor complete rail network.