gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin-dependent mechanism regulates rapid turnover of AU-rich cytokine mRNAs (2002)

An AU rich element (ARE) in the 3' noncoding region promotes the rapid degradation of mammalian cytokine and proto-oncogene mRNAs, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and c-fos. Destabilization of ARE-mRNAs involves the association of ARE-binding proteins tristetraprolin or AUF1 and proteasome activity, of which the latter has not been characterized. Here, we show that the stability of a model short-lived mRNA containing the GM-CSF ARE was regulated by the level of ubiquitin-conjugating activity in the cell, which links ARE-mRNA decay to proteasome activity. Increased expression of a cytokine-inducible deubiquitinating protein (DUB) that impairs addition of ubiquitin to proteins fully blocked ARE-mRNA decay, whereas increased expression of a DUB that promotes ubiquitin addition to proteins strongly accelerated ARE-mRNA decay. ARE-mRNA turnover was found to be activated by the ubiquitin-addition reaction and blocked by the ubiquitin-removal reaction. Saturation of the ARE-mRNA decay machinery by high levels of ARE-mRNA, which is well established but not understood, was found to be relieved by increased expression of a DUB that promotes ubiquitin addition to proteins. Finally, inhibition of proteasome activity also blocked accelerated ARE-mRNA decay that is mediated by increased ubiquitin recycling. These results demonstrate that both ubiquitinating activity and proteasome activity are essential for rapid turnover of a model cytokine ARE-mRNA containing the GM-CSF ARE.
ROV based tool sled for the placement of fiber optic cable between benthic instrument nodes (2005)

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) has committed to the novel and technically ambitious Canyon Dynamics Project. Canyon Dynamics represents a dual effort by science and engineering. Science, to understand the physical processes of submarine canyons as conduits for transporting materials from continents to the deep sea. Engineering, to develop the tools necessary to accomplish this goal. The key elements are instrumented platforms deployed in the axis of the Monterey Bay Canyon at depths of 250 and 500 meters, located 10 kilometers apart. These RINs (remote instrument nodes) and BINs (benthic inter connect nodes) will be connected with a fiber optic/power cable and establish a network that can measure the currents, suspended sediments concentrations, salinity, and temperature at these sites. This technology will act as building blocks for MOOS (MBARI Ocean Observatory System, MARS (Monterey Accessible Research System, and NEPTUNE projects. This presentation will deal specifically with the design, building, testing, and deployment of a ROV based tool sled constructed for the placement of this cable on the seabed and interconnections with the RIN/BIN platforms. The design includes; integration with the ROV Ventana, meet operational weight constraints, the ability to (pick up, drop, and reacquire the cable spool), support the vehicle's Schilling Titan III manipulator, monitor cable payout speed and distance and a variable ballast system controlled by the amount of cable deployed. Currently the core sled is complete and the peripherals are under construction. Testing has begun with the ROV Ventana and the cable laying tool sled, in the MBARI test tank, performing interconnects with an instrumented RIN platform. Further testing will continue through summer with RIN/BIN deployment taking place in June and cable laying scheduled for this fall.
Precise change detection in multi-spectral remote sensing imagery using SIFT-based registration (2011)

In this paper we propose a robust method for geometric co registration, and an accurate change detection technique based on statistical method for multi-temporal high-resolution satellite imagery. Lhe proposed algorithm is as the following: scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) is used to extract a set of correspondence points in a pair, or multiple pairs, of images that are taken at different times and under different circumstances, then Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) is used to remove the outlier set. the resulting inliers matched points is an accurate correspondences which used to register the given images, changes in registered images are identified using statistical analysis of image differences. Finally, Markov-Gibbs Random Field (MGRF) is used to model the spatial-contextual information contained in the resulting change mask. Experiments with generated synthetic multiband images, and LANDSAT5 Images, approved the accuracy the proposed algorithm.
Location Technique based on Pattern Recognition of Radio Signal Strength for Parking Management (2012)

RFID technology is used by various applications to implement smart processing of data. In the parking sys- tem, RFID together with wireless sensors are used for identi- fying cars entering a parking area and monitoring of parking slots. However, there is no means to identify the car parked in a specific slot. This paper proposes a location technique in WSN-based parking management system using radio signal patterns from WSN for a cost-effective method in identi- fying the car parked in a slot. The proposed pattern rec- ognizer agent (PRA) uses a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to classify the patterns from radio signal strength (RSS) of wireless sensors by associating the signals in a specific park- ing slot. The implementations provide a training model for RSS patterns and uses classification method in the locating technique. The experiment showed a comparison of the pro- posed method to other classification algorithms and found that MLP is more accurate classifier and time-efficient in building the classification model.
<title>Optical and electrical properties of reactively sputtered TiN, ZrN, and HfN thin films</title> (1994)

Thin films of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium nitride are prepared by DC magnetron reactive sputtering at room temperature on fused silica, optical glass and silicon substrates. Deposition parameters are investigated in order to obtain stoichiometric films. The optical and electrical properties of the films as a function of nitrogen partial pressure are determined. The results show that an inverse correlation exists between the optical reflectance and the electrical resistivity of the films. The optical constants of the films are determined by Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE) measurements from 240- 1700 nm at 10 nm steps. Deposited film composition is obtained by the Rutherford Ion Back Scattering (RBS) method. The rms roughness of the films is measured by using an optical scatterometer. Ellipsometer data for all three films show that their refractive index (n) in the visible spectrum is decreased by increasing the film thickness while the extinction coefficient (k) is unchanged. Thin films of TiN have the lowest room temperature resistivity (approximately equals 75 (mu) (Omega) - cm) relative to ZrN and HfN thin films.
Optimization of nonplanar power MOS transistors (1978)

Analysis of fundamental MOSFET parameters predicts device limits in high-voltage high-speed operation that exceed the performance of bipolar devices. The optimization of voltage, speed, and "on" resistance parameters for power MOSFET's suggests a vertical three-terminal device design with short, wide channels; a wide, lightly doped drain region; and field terminator rings at the device perimeter. Utilizing this design philosophy, VMOS transistors have been produced with source-drain breakdown voltage greater than 450 V, and 5.5-Ω "on" resistance for 2.0-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area. With a high channel width packing density design and 2.5-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area, a 30-V transistor has also been produced having only 0.060-Ω "on" resistance. The breakdown voltage and "on" resistance of these devices exceed the performance of other power MOSFET's currently available. Also, the switching speed of these devices (better than 15 ns) far exceeds the performance of high-voltage bipolar transistors. Measurements of drain leakage current at 200-V drain potential show a resistance ratio <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_{off}/R_{on}</tex> of approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> for a 20-V variation in gate-to-source voltage.
Using terminological feedback for web search refinement (2003)

Although interactive query reformulation has been actively studied in the laboratory, little is known about the actual behavior of web searchers who are offered terminological feedback along with their search results. We analyze log sessions for two groups of users interacting with variants of the AltaVista search engine - a baseline group given no terminological feedback and a feedback group to whom twelve refinement terms are offered along with the search results. We examine uptake, refinement effectiveness, conditions of use, and refinement type preferences. Although our measure of overall session success shows no difference between outcomes for the two groups, we find evidence that a subset of those users presented with terminological feedback do make effective use of it on a continuing basis.
Development of real-time motion artifact reduction algorithm for a wearable photoplethysmography (2007)

This paper presents a motion artifact reduction algorithm for a real-time, wireless and wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) device for measuring heart beats. A wearable finger band PPG device consists of a 3-axis accelerometer, infrared LED, photo diode, a microprocessor and wireless module. Sources of the motion artifacts were investigated from the hand motions, through computing the correlations between the three directional finger motions and distorted PPG signals. A two-dimensional active noise cancellation algorithm was applied to compensate the distorted signals by motions, using the directional accelerometer data. NLMS (Normalized Least Mean Square) adaptive filter (4th order) was employed in the algorithm. As a result, the signals' distortion rates were reduced from 52.34% to 3.53%, at frequencies between 1 and 2.5 Hz, which representing daily motions such walking and jogging. The wearable health monitoring device equipped with the motion artifact reduction algorithm can be integrated as a terminal in a so-called ubiquitous healthcare system, which provides a continuous health monitoring without interrupting a daily life.
Activation of human B lymphocytes. II. Cellular interactions in the PFC response of human tonsillar and peripheral blood B lymphocytes to polyclonal activation by pokeweed mitogen. (1976)

A recently described system for the induction and assay of plaque-forming cells (PFC) following polyclonal stimulation of human B lymphocytes was employed to delineate the cellular requirements for pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced activation of human tonsillar and peripheral blood B lymphocytes. It was found that the process was not dependent on the presence of monocytes, but was dependent on the presence of T cells. T cell depleted suspensions of tonsillar as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes had markedly diminished if not absent PFC responses following PWM stimulation. The PFC responses of T cell depleted cultures of tonsil and blood could be reconstituted by adding back T cells. T cell supernatants could also reconstitute the PFC response of T cell depleted tonsillar lymphocytes but not of T cell depleted blood lymphocytes, thus suggesting a more stringent T cell requirement of the PWM-induced PFC response of blood lymphocytes. Enrichment for T cells on the other hand enhanced PFC responses in both organs, particularly in those cultures which had low responses in unfractionated suspensions demonstrating the requirement of optimal T cell help for maximal PFC responses. This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of this PFC system in elucidating some of the complex regulatory processes associated with the activation of human B lymphocytes.
Expert systems for condition monitoring, fault diagnosis and control (1991)

Advanced software techniques such as artificial intelligence are now providing industry with a range of tools that allow successful condition monitoring and fault diagnostic systems to be built and deployed effectively in industry. This paper briefly looks at the types of faults that have been and are being addressed, the results of the early work in this area (and the reasons why some of this was not viewed as successful) and the changes that mean that tools are now available that will facilitate the widespread deployment of systems that address condition monitoring, fault diagnosis and control (M, D and C) problems.
Instability Detection and Fall Avoidance for a Humanoid using Attitude Sensors and Reflexes (2006)

Humanoid robots are inherently unstable because their center of mass is high, compared to the support polygon's size. Bipedal walking currently works well only under controlled conditions with limited external disturbances. In less controlled dynamic environments, such as RoboCup soccer fields, external disturbances might be large. While some disturbances might be too large to prevent a fall, some disturbances can be dealt with by specific rescue behaviors. This paper proposes a method to detect instabilities that occur during omnidirectional walking. We model the readings of attitude sensors using sinusoids. The model takes the gait target vector into account. We estimate model parameters from a gait test sequence and detect deviations of the actual sensor readings from the model later on. These deviations are aggregated to an instability indicator that triggers one of two reflexes, based on indicator strength. For small instabilities the robot is slowing down, but continues walking. For stronger instabilities the robot stops and is brought into a stable posture with a low center of mass. Walking continues as soon as the instability disappears. We extensively evaluated our approach in simulation by disturbing the robot with a variety of impulses. The results indicate that our method is very effective. For smaller disturbances, the probability of a fall could be reduced to zero. Most of the medium-sized disturbances could also be rejected. For the evaluation with the real robot, we used a walking against a wall with different speeds and at various angles. Here the results show a similar outcome to the ones in the simulations
Chlorine Pentafluoride (1963)

The bonding in the halogen polyfluorides is similar to that in the xenon fluorides. Since XeF(4) exists, the previously unreported ClF(5) should exist. This compound has been prepared by heating ClF(3) in the presence of fluorine at high pressure. Chlorine pentafluoride is a square pyramidal molecule. It has a lower melting point than ClF(3) and a higher vapor pressure. It is also less reactive than ClF(3).
Transduction of the Nitrogen-Fixation Genes in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (1971)

The bacteriophage P1 infects and functions as a generalized transducing phage for nitrogen-fixing strains of the coliform bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bacterial mutants (nif(-)) unable to grow on molecular nitrogen as a nitrogen source were found to be deficient in nitrogenase activity as assayed by the conversion of acetylene to ethylene. These mutants regained normal nitrogenase activity and the ability to grow on N(2) after transduction with lysates of P1 phage prepared from wild-type bacteria. Transductional analysis with P1 revealed that several nif genes are located on the genetic linkage map of Klebsiella near the histidine operon.
Market Trade in Patents and the Rise of a Class of Specialized Inventors in the 19th Century United States (2001)

Market Trade in Patents and the Rise of a Class of Specialized Inventors in the 19th-Century United States by Naomi R. Lamoreaux and Kenneth L. Sokoloff. Published in volume 91, issue 2, pages 39-44 of American Economic Review, May 2001
Self-Voting Dual-Modular-Redundancy Circuits for Single-Event-Transient Mitigation (2008)

Dual-modular-redundancy (DMR) architectures use duplication and self-voting asynchronous circuits to mitigate single event transients (SETs). The area and performance of DMR circuitry is evaluated against conventional triple-modular-redundancy (TMR) logic. Benchmark ASIC circuits designed with DMR logic show a 10-24% area improvement for flip-flop designs, and a 33% improvement for latch designs.
Soft decode-and-forward using LDPC coding in half-duplex relay channels (2011)

This paper proposes a new soft decode-and-forward (SDF) protocol using LDPC codes in the half-duplex relay channels. In order for the encoding of the additional parity-check symbols at the relay to be linear and systematic, we introduce a structured rate-compatible (RC) LDPC code. We then develop the soft-decoding and soft-re-encoding algorithms for the proposed RC-LDPC code, which allows the relay to forward soft messages to the destination when the relay fails to decode the source's message. Furthermore, we propose a new method, which we refer to as soft fading, to compute the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the received signal at the destination for the SDF protocol. We show that our proposed method performs better when compared to a previous reported method in literature.
L-carnitine deficiency in AIDS patients (1992)

AIDS patients may become carnitine-depleted and therefore at risk for alterations in fatty-acid oxidation and energy supply.
Sorption of PCE in a reactive zero-valent iron system (1995)

The degradation of the chlorinated solvents perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) by reduction on the surface of zero-valent iron has emerged in recent years as a potentially viable approach to the remediation of chlorinated solvent-contaminated groundwaters. The sorption of PCE in a batch reactive zero-valent iron system was examined in this study. Aqueous PCE concentrations and total system PCE masses were determined in batch time-series experiments used to ascertain degradation kinetics. Sorbed concentrations were calculated using the difference between the aqueous phase and total system masses. The results showed Langmuir isotherm behavior which is consistent with a model of a finite number of available sorption sites. The kinetics of sorption could not be determined since degradation was also occurring. Knowledge of sorption to reactive and non-reactive sites is of importance in gaining a thorough understanding of the performance-behavior of the flow-through reactive systems envisioned for remediation technologies.
Two Dimensional Stochastic Monte Carlo Simulation for Smoothing of Scratched Surface of Aluminum Thin Film at 773 K (1997)

In the simulation, deep (0.56 eV) interatomic potential (IAP) based on the heat of evaporation, and shallow (0.12 eV) IAP based on the activation energy of surface migration were tested. As the initial condition, rectangle grooves were scratched on a film surface before smoothing. When the deep IAP was used, artificial and unacceptable stable facets appeared during the simulation, and the surface smoothing process was interrupted. When the shallow IAP was used and the aspect ratio (AR) of the initial surface groove was set at 1.0, the evolution of the surface profile (EOSP) was consistent with that calculated by an analytical diffusion equation. When the initial AR was changed to 2.0, the EOSP became irregular, which agreed with our expectation. The effect of the size of the surface groove was discussed. A comment on the relationship between the present smoothing process and the reflow process, which may be suitable for the formation of interconnections in LSI, is given.
Elucidation of signaling properties of vasopressin receptor-related receptor 1 by using the chimeric receptor approach (2004)

The identification of endogenous or surrogate ligands for orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represents one of the most important tasks in GPCR biology and pharmacology. The challenge lies in choosing an appropriate assay in the absence of ways to activate the receptor of interest. We investigated the signaling pathway for an orphan GPCR referred to here as vasopressin receptor-related receptor 1 (VRR1) by generating a chimeric receptor, V1a/VRR1. The engineered construct contained vasopressin V1a receptor with all three intracellular loops and C terminus replaced by those of VRR1. The chimera behaved like a typical GPCR when transiently and stably expressed in mammalian cell lines based on radioligand binding and receptor internalization studies. Upon arginine vasopressin stimulation, this chimeric receptor induced robust calcium mobilization and increase of adenylate cyclase activity. The observed signaling activities are through the activation of the chimera instead of endogenously expressed receptors, as single amino acid changes in the second transmembrane regions of the chimera drastically reduced receptor efficacy and potency. Our results suggest that VRR1 has dual signaling properties in coupling to both G(q) and G(S) pathways. Analysis of native VRR1 receptor signaling pathway by using a recently identified ligand for VRR1 confirmed this conclusion and therefore validated the utility of the chimeric receptor approach for signaling pathway identification.
A Model-Driven Approach for 3D Modeling of Pylon from Airborne LiDAR Data (2015)

Reconstructing three-dimensional model of the pylon from LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) point clouds automatically is one of the key techniques for facilities management GIS system of high-voltage nationwide transmission smart grid. This paper presents a model-driven three-dimensional pylon modeling (MD3DM) method using airborne LiDAR data. We start with constructing a parametric model of pylon, based on its actual structure and the characteristics of point clouds data. In this model, a pylon is divided into three parts: pylon legs, pylon body and pylon head. The modeling approach mainly consists of four steps. Firstly, point clouds of individual pylon are detected and segmented from massive high-voltage transmission corridor point clouds automatically. Secondly, an individual pylon is divided into three relatively simple parts in order to reconstruct different parts with different strategies. Its position and direction are extracted by contour analysis of the pylon body in this stage. Thirdly, the geometric features of the pylon head are extracted, from which the head type is derived with a SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier. After that, the head is constructed by seeking corresponding model from pre-build model library. Finally, the body is modeled by fitting the point cloud to planes. Experiment results on several point clouds data sets from China Southern high-voltage nationwide transmission grid from Yunnan Province to Guangdong Province show that the proposed approach can achieve the goal of automatic three-dimensional modeling of the pylon effectively.
Effects of xylooligosaccharide on growth of bifidobacteria. (1990)

キシロオリゴ糖の腸内フローラに及ぼす影響について検討を行うために健康な成人男子を対象に, 毎日1gもしくは2gずつ3週間にわたって摂取させ, 摂取前, 摂取中, 摂取後に採便し, 腸内フローラ, 水分の測定を行った。その結果, 摂取前に比べ, 摂取中は腸内菌叢に占めるビフィズス菌の割合が有意に増加し, 摂取を中止すると低下することが示された。また, 便の水分含量は80%へと収斂し, 軟便, 固い便がちょうどよい固さになる傾向を示した。キシロオリゴ糖摂取量の増加に伴い, 腸内のビフィズス菌も増加したことから, ビフィズス菌の増加は確かにキシロオリゴ糖摂取によるものと考えられた。