gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Vault for Face Based Cryptographic Key Generation (2007)

This paper presents a method for changeable cryptographic key generation using face biometrics signal. A previously introduced scheme, fuzzy vault, is utilized for secure binding of randomly generated key with extracted biometrics features. The major technical difficulty is to map noisy biometrics representation to the exactly correct key. In this paper, the proposed method is based on 2-dimensional quantization of distance vectors between biometrics features and pairs of random vectors. A windowing process is applied to tolerate the variations of biometrics signals. Further, we also introduce a two-factor scheme, where the quantized distance vectors are generated with user-dependent random vectors. By integrating a second factor, both the biometrics and the key are changeable, and zero error rate can be obtained.
The Spermicidal Powers of Chemical Contraceptives. IV. More Pure Substances (1932)

1. In the list showing all substances yet tested in the order of their spermicidal powers, the first four substances are all quinones. 2. In the dihydroxybenzenes and their derivatives, the para-position of the two hydroxyl groups confers high spermicidal powers. 3. In the trihydroxybenzenes and their derivatives, the para-position of two of the three hydroxyl groups confers high spermicidal powers. 4. The introduction of a methyl group into quinones and into the di- and trihydroxybenzenes in certain positions increases the spermicidal power. 5. In the hydroxybenzaldehydes and their derivatives, the ortho-position of the hydroxyl and aldehyde groups confers high spermicidal powers. 6. Among the substances so far tested which may be found to be of practical use are orbhovanillin and methoxytoluquinone. These are highly spermicidal, sufficiently soluble and stable in solution. It remains to be seen whether they are harmless to the vagina.
Donor double‐negative Treg promote allogeneic mixed chimerism and tolerance (2007)

Bone marrow (BM) transplantation is an efficient approach to develop donor-specific tolerance and prevent chronic rejection. Allogeneic BM transplantation is limited by donor T cell-mediated graft-versus-host disease, requirement of cytoreduction and high numbers of BM cells. In addition of these drawbacks, recent studies demonstrate that not only T cells, but also NK cells can mediate BM rejection, and long-term mixed chimerism depends on NK cell tolerance. Thus, NK cell is another potential barrier against engraftment of BM and an important target in efforts to induce transplant tolerance. We have previously identified a novel type of Treg with the phenotype TCRalphabeta+CD3+CD4-CD8- (double-negative, DN). We and others have demonstrated that DN-Treg can effectively suppress anti-donor T cell responses. In this study, we found that donor-derived DN-Treg can suppress NK cell-mediated allogeneic BM graft rejection in both parent-to-F1 and fully MHC-mismatched BM transplantation models. Perforin and FasL in DN-Treg play important roles in the suppression of NK cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of DN-Treg can promote a stable mixed chimerism and donor-specific tolerance without inducing graft-versus-host disease. These results demonstrate a potential approach to control innate immune responses and promote allogeneic BM engraftment.
A global feedback detection algorithm for VLSI circuits (2002)

A global feedback detection algorithm for VLSI circuits is presented. It can identify all the global feedback loops within reasonable computational time. The overall algorithm is as follows: First, all the strongly connected components (SCC) are found using a modified version of the Tarjan algorithm which can handle circuits with flip-flops and latches. Second, each SCC recursively cuts the loops based on heuristic criteria to reduce computation time and space until all loops inside this SCC are out. The modified Tarjan algorithm for finding SCCs in circuits consisting of functional primitive elements such as flip-flops and latches is described. A recursive loop-cutting algorithm for strongly connected components is presented, and a top-level partitioning scheme to reduce memory requirements and computation time for finding global feedback loops is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis and automatic classification of web search queries for diversification requirements (2012)

Abstract Search result diversification enables the modern day search engines to construct a result list that consists of documents that are relevant to the user query and at the same time, diverse enough to meet the expectations of a diverse user population. However, all the queries received by a search engine may not benefit from diversification. Further, different types of queries may benefit from different diversification mechanisms. In this paper we present an analysis of logs of a commercial web search engine and study the web search queries for their diversification requirements. We analyze queries based on their click entropy and popularity and propose a query taxonomy based on their diversification requirements. We then carry out the task of automatically classifying web search queries into one of the classes of our proposed taxonomy. We utilize various query‐based, click‐based and reformulation‐based features for the query classification task and achieve strong classification results.
Dataset for testing and training of map-matching algorithms (2015)

We present a large-scale dataset for testing, benchmarking, and offline learning of map-matching algorithms. For the first time, a large enough dataset is available to prove or disprove map-matching hypotheses on a world-wide scale. There are several hundred map-matching algorithms published in literature, each tested only on a limited scale due to difficulties in collecting truly large scale data. Our contribution aims to provide a convenient gold standard to compare various map-matching algorithms between each other. Moreover, as many state-of-the-art map-matching algorithms are based on techniques that require offline learning, our dataset can be readily used as the training set. Because of the global coverage of our dataset, learning does not have to be be biased to the part of the world where the algorithm was tested.
Monte Carlo simulation of the Ising model and random number generation on the vector processor (1990)

The Monte Carlo simulation of the Ising model on the vector processor is discussed. This paper includes all the stages to use the vector processor, that is, the development of the vectorizable algorithm, implementation, tuning and several tests necessary to the large scale computations. Our machine is the HITAC S820/80. The maximum simulation speed is 0.93 x 109spins per second for the ferromagnetic Ising models on a simple cubic lattice. Our algorithms are, however, applicable to other vector processors. The random number generation algorithms are also explained in this paper. Our generator can produce 0.62 x 109 32-bit random integers per second. The results of the randomness tests which uses the two-dimensional Ising model are presented.
Treatment of pre-invasive conditions during opportunistic screening and its effectiveness on cervical cancer incidence in one Norwegian county (1997)

Norway had until recently no organized screening programme for cervical cancer, but opportunistic screening was common. This study focuses on the effectiveness of treatment of pre-malignant cervical conditions (CIN III) on cervical-cancer incidence in the county of Sør-Trøndelag in Norway, prior to the introduction of organized mass screening. The study is based on cervical-cancer incidence rates during the years 1965-92 and treatment data for CIN III. The expected number of cervical-cancer cases prevented due to early intervention was expressed in a regression model with 2 unknown parameters: the probability, p, of cancer development in case of CIN III, and the time lag, t, between treatment and when clinical cancer would otherwise have been diagnosed. The estimated probability that a patient treated for CIN III would have developed cervical cancer if not treated was found to be approximately 20%, and the mean time delay was around 16 years. In the last period of study (1988-92), the incidence was reduced by nearly 40% of what would have been expected without early intervention. Based on equal treatment rates as in 1990, parameter estimates were used to predict future incidence reduction. Maximum effectiveness will be achieved around the year 2005, with a nearly 70% reduction. Opportunistic screening and treatment of CIN III seems to have had considerable influence on cervical-cancer incidence. The costs, however, are substantial over-treatment, since our results indicate that 4 of 5 women treated for CIN III would not progress into the invasive state.
Summary (1963)

It is easy to assume that the Reformation in England was due to the desire of Henry VIII for a divorce. That desire no doubt prompted the king to act and so may be accounted the proximate cause; but a personality, however dominant, is restricted by his environment. Henry II and Frederick II, both greater men than Henry VIII, had entered into conflict with the Church and been defeated, so we are bound to conclude that the circumstances were different and that there was a world ripe for change. In this book an attempt has been made to provide the materials for understanding how a reformation came about, which contemporaries did not expect and found bewildering. It was not the result of one cause, but of many—they combined, and the result was almost inevitable.KeywordsHenry VIIILoving KindnessGreat GiftPopular ReligionXiii CenturyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
[Experiences with a mobile monitoring system for fetal and neonatal cardiotachometry]. (1984)

A monitoring system for fetal and neonatal cardiotachometry which set up in own instrumentation at the Department of obstetrics of the Regional Hospital of Rostock. With aid of a wireless telemetric system is it possible to estimate the fetal condition before and during of caesarean section as well as at transfer of high risk neonates.
Antigen-based immunotherapy (AIT) for autoimmune and allergic disease (2015)

Autoimmune and allergic diseases are major causes of morbidity. Antigen-based immunotherapy (AIT) is immunologically the most satisfying means of specifically targeting only those T cells driving disease, thereby inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance, with the lowest adverse risk profile. AIT is highly effective in rodent models of T cell-driven inflammation and is now in clinical trials. The range of approaches to applying AIT in the clinic prevents a consensus on the molecular basis for this form of tolerance. In particular, there has been a paucity of information on how pre-activated effector and memory T cells respond to AIT. New, advanced murine models of AIT are beginning to deliver such information at the cellular, biochemical, transcriptional and epigenetic levels.
Capture of intraocular lens optic by residual capsular opening in secondary implantation: long-term follow-up (2018)

This optic capture technique by using residual capsule opening is an efficacious and safe technique and can achieve IOL stability in the long follow-up.
Effects of <i>meso</i>-Diarylamino Group of Porphyrins as Sensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells on Optical, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties (2010)

We have prepared meso-bis(diarylamino)-substituted porphyrins (cis-ZnP and trans-ZnP), meso-diarylamino-substituted porphyrin (mono-ZnP), and porphyrin reference without the meso-diarylamino group (ZnP) to evaluate the effects of substituent number and position of the diarylamino groups on the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the porphyrins for the first time. With increasing the number of the diarylamino groups, the light-harvesting properties were improved in the visible region. The optical and electrochemical HOMO−LUMO gaps were parallel to those estimated by DFT calculations. The photovoltaic properties were compared under the optimized conditions in which a sealed device structure with TiCl4-treated, TiO2 double layers was used. The power conversion efficiency (η) was in the order of the trans-ZnP (3.8%) < ZnP (4.4%) < cis-ZnP (5.5%) < mono-ZnP (6.5%) sensitized TiO2 cells. The low light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) rather than the high adsorbed photon-to-current efficiency (APCE) in the ZnP-sensitized solar cell leads to the moderate short circuit current (JSC), whereas both the high APCE value and the moderate LHE value in the mono-ZnP-sensitized TiO2 cell result in the highest JSC value. Considering the similarity in the LHE values of the trans-ZnP and cis-ZnP-sensitized cells, the APCE values correlate the JSC values. The open circuit potentials (VOC) of the trans-ZnP and cis-ZnP-sensitized TiO2 cells are lower than those of the mono-ZnP and ZnP-sensitized TiO2 cells. Overall, the difference in the JSC and VOC values of the four TiO2 cells leads to that in the η values. The basic information obtained here will be useful to design molecular structures of porphyrins for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells.
A bandwidth sharing approach to improve licensed spectrum utilization (2005)

The spectrum of deployed wireless cellular communication systems is found to be underutilized, even though licensed spectrum is at a premium. To efficiently utilize the bandwidth left unused in a cellular system, the primary system (PRI), we propose an overlaid ad hoc secondary network (ASN) architecture, with the ASN operating over the resources left unutilized by the PRI. Our basic design principle is that the ASN operates in a nonintrusive manner and does not interact with the PRI. In this article we present the ad hoc secondary medium access control (AS-MAC) protocol to enable PRI-SEC interoperation, address a number of technical challenges pertinent to this networking environment, and evaluate the performance of the AS-MAC. In a single-hop ASN the AS-MAC transparently utilizes 75 percent of the bandwidth left unused by the PRI, while in multihop ASNs, due to spatial reuse, the AS-MAC can utilize up to 132 percent of the idle PRI resources in our experiments.
Stimulation of the DNA-dependent Protein Kinase by Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (1998)

The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a heterotrimeric enzyme that binds to double-stranded DNA and is required for the rejoining of double-stranded DNA breaks in mammalian cells. It has been proposed that DNA-PK functions in this DNA repair pathway by binding to the ends of broken DNA molecules and phosphorylating proteins that bind to the damaged DNA ends. Another enzyme that binds to DNA strand breaks and may also function in the cellular response to DNA damage is the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Here, we show that PARP can be phosphorylated by purified DNA-PK, and the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK is ADP-ribosylated by PARP. The protein kinase activity of DNA-PK can be stimulated by PARP in the presence of NAD+ in a reaction that is blocked by the PARP inhibitor 1, 5-dihydroxyisoquinoline. The stimulation of DNA-PK by PARP-mediated protein ADP-ribosylation occurs independent of the Ku70/80 complex. Taken together, these results show that PARP can modify the activity of DNA-PK in vitro and suggest that these enzymes may function coordinately in vivo in response to DNA damage.
Ontario Court of Justice dismisses police negligence case: HIV infection a factor. (2001)

On 22 February 2001, the case of Chartier v Greaves was dismissed by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.
Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 5-Chloromethylfurfural (CMF) from Carbohydrates in Mild Biphasic Systems (2013)

5-Halomethylfurfurals can be considered as platform chemicals of high reactivity making them useful for the preparation of a variety of important compounds. In this study, a one-pot route for the conversion of carbohydrates into 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF) in a simple and efficient (HCl-H3PO4/CHCl3) biphasic system has been investigated. Monosaccharides such as D-fructose, D-glucose and sorbose, disaccharides such as sucrose and cellobiose and polysaccharides such as cellulose were successfully converted into CMF in satisfactory yields under mild conditions. Our data shows that when using D-fructose the optimum yield of CMF was about 47%. This understanding allowed us to extent our work to biomaterials, such as wood powder and wood pulps with yields of CMF obtained being comparable to those seen with some of the enumerated mono and disaccharides. Overall, the proposed (HCl-H3PO4/CHCl3) optimized biphasic system provides a simple, mild, and cost-effective means to prepare CMF from renewable resources.
Study on object recognition for satellite image (2007)

This paper presents the difference between object recognition for satellite image and general object recognition. To overcome the difficulties of object recognition for satellite image, two methods are proposed in this paper. First, it is shown that traditional moment invariants are no longer invariant while object shape is distorted or contour is blurry. This paper proposes an improved invariable moment algorithm, which reconstructs seven invariants moment formulas, and weakens the sensitivity on distorted border. Moreover, a 3D model database including all interested target's 3D model can be established. When starting to recognize the target in satellite image, several 2D projection images can be retrieved from the model database, using these images as recognition templates will be more accurate than using a single target image. Experimental results show that the methods presented in this paper are effective on satellite image recognition.
Effect of HBI Utilization on Blast Furnace Productivity (2006)

As an iron source of blast furnace which can adapt to recent high production rate operation and CO2 problem, reduced iron may attract attention in the near future. In this study, reduced iron melting test was performed using an experimental blast furnace with use of HBI (Hot Briquette Iron) which is one of the reduced irons in order to quantify effect of increase in production and reduction effect of reducing agent rate for blast furnace.
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase: A Novel Cardiovascular Risk BioMarker (2009)

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a second-generation enzymatic liver function test available for several decades, initially used as a sensitive indicator of alcohol ingestion, hepatic inflammation, fatty liver disease, and hepatitis. Longitudinal and cross-sectional investigational studies since 1990 have associated GGT with an increase in all-cause mortality, as well as chronic heart disease events such as congestive heart failure and components of the metabolic syndrome (abnormal body mass index and levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure). In the upper reference range, GGT was found to be an independent biomarker of the metabolic syndrome, with a 20% per GGT quartile trend rise. Additionally, GGT was positively correlated with an 18% per quartile risk of cardiovascular events and a 26% per quartile increased risk of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, it may be considered a biomarker for "oxidative stress" associated with glutathione metabolism and possibly a "proatherogenic" marker because of its indirect relationship in the biochemical steps to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol oxidation. GGT is becoming an important addition to the multimarker approach to cardiovascular risk evaluation. It should be considered a valuable adjunct in stratifying patient risk and in assessing the aggressiveness of appropriate treatment, with hopes of preventing unnecessary cardiac events and deaths in future years.
Electroless nickel deposition on the glass beads pretreated with aminosilane. The correlation between the adsorption states and catalytic activity. (1990)

Studies were conducted on a new process of electroless plating characterized by pretreating successively with aminosilane and PdCl2. It is noteworthy that in an adsorption study of palladium from PdCl2 aqueous solution in the pretreating process a multilayer of palladium ion was formed on the surface of the aminosilylated glass beads. Different structural models were proposed for the adsorption states before and after the estimated amount of saturated monolayer adsorption, leading to the proposing of a coordinated combination mode (I) for the former and as polymeric chains (II) for the latter. The correlation between the amount of palladium adsorbed and catalytic activity in electroless plating was examined, and it was found that the state of palladium adsorption greatly influence the reaction velocity and procedure. Specifically, the reaction proceeds at a constant rate for substrates coverd with less than a saturated monolayer, while the reaction accelerates accompanied with the decomposition of the bath for multilayer adsorption samples. These phenomena were explained in reference to the structural models proposed.
Effects of four Ni–Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography (2001)

Within the limitations of the micro CT system, there were few differences between the four canal instrumentation techniques used. By contrast, a strong impact of variations of canal anatomy was demonstrated. Further studies with 3D-techniques are required to fully understand the biomechanical aspects of root canal preparation.
Prognostic significance of c‐Met expression in glioblastomas (2008)

The authors suggest that c-Met overexpression is associated with shorter survival time and poor treatment response in glioblastomas, the mechanism for which is elevated tumor invasiveness on the molecular and clinical phenotypes. This implies that more effective therapeutic strategies targeting c-Met receptors may have important clinical implication.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: the ABC of MRCP (2011)

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a technique that has evolved over the past two decades. It continues to have a fundamental role in the non-invasive investigation of many pancreatico-biliary disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarise the key concepts behind MRCP, the different techniques that are currently employed (including functional and secretin-stimulated MRCP), the pitfalls the reader should be aware of, and the main clinical indications for its use.
Functional characteristics of blue-on-yellow perimetric thresholds in glaucoma. (1995)

In normals, the B-on-Y stimulus is mediated by the color channel. Takeover of detection by the luminance channel might impose limits on following color defects with B-on-Y perimetry. This takeover may occur before the S-cones become less sensitive than the M- and L-cones and might indicate S-cone input to the luminance channel.