gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of mesh routing protocols for UAV swarming applications (2011)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging technology offering new opportunities for innovative applications and efficient overall process management in the areas of public security, cellular networks and surveying. A key factor for the optimizations yielded by this technology is an advanced mesh network design for fast and reliable information sharing between UAVs. In this paper, we analyze the performance of four available mesh routing protocol implementations (open80211s, BATMAN, BATMAN Advanced and OLSR) in the context of swarming applications for UAVs. The protocols are analyzed by means of goodput in one static and one mobile scenario using the same embedded hardware platform installed at UAVs in current research projects. Our results show that layer-2 protocols suit better for mobile applications in comparison to layer-3. On the other hand, they often cause routing flippings, which are unwanted route changes, in static scenarios imposing a small performance decrease. Hence, given the aforementioned routing protocols, we recommend to currently use open80211s or batman-advanced to establish a reliable multi-hop mesh network for swarming applications.
[The experience of application of olanzapine: an atypical neuroleptic in acute schizophrenia]. (2000)

Thirty adult patients with acute schizophrenia were included into six-week open-labelled, non-comparative trial of olanzapine with free dosing from 5 to 20 mg per day. For assessment of efficacy and safety of the treatment PANSS, BPRS, CGL and ESRS scales were used. The main criterion of improvement was the percentage of reduction of BPRS score to the end of the trial. More than 50% reduction was achieved in 23% of the patients, more than 20%--in 57% of the cases; 20% were non-responders (reduction less than 20%). Changes in the scores of the positive and negative PANSS subscales were significant (p < 0.001) starting from the second week of treatment. There was no correlation in changes in positive and negative scores as well as in changes in negative and ESRS scores. The first signs of the antipsychotic effect (a reduction of tension, suspiciousness and fear) appeared just in the first two weeks of treatment and manifested in the reduction of delusions and hallucinations. Reduction of depression didn't correlate with changes in scores of the positive or negative PANSS subscales. The changes in behavioral and cognitive symptoms were statistically significant starting from the second week of treatment. No clinically significant signs of extrapiramidal syndrome or other side-effects except weight gain were observed during the trial.
THE DESIGN OF A LOW‐SPEED WIND TUNNEL AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE STUDY OF OLFACTORY ORIENTATION IN THE COLORADO BEETLE (<i>LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA</i>) (1976)

Aerodynamic phenomena relevant to the olfactory orientation of walking adult Colorado beetles are discussed and a low‐speed wind tunnel suitable for the study of olfactory orientation is described. It is concluded that in this wind tunnel the beetles respond to attractive plant volatiles by odour‐conditioned anemotaxis. The presence of potted potato plants in the air stream of the wind tunnel causes positive anemotactic responses of male and female Colorado beetles. The maximum positive anemotactic response of the male beetles is obtained after 6 hours of starvation. Fully grown potato plants are more attractive to male beetles than young plants. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG BESCHREIBUNG EINES WINDTUNNELS FÜR GERINGE WINDGESCHWINDIGKEIT ALS GERÄT ZUM STUDIUM DER GERUCHSORIENTIERUNG DES KARTOFFELKÄFERS (LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA) Aerodynamische Phänomene werden diskutiert, die für die geruchliche Orientierung der adulten Kartoffelkäfer von Bedeutung sind, nämlich der übergang von wirbelfreier zu turbelenter Strömung im freien Strom; die Grenzschicht; der übergang von wirbelfreier zu turbulenter Strömung in der Grenzschicht und die Dicke der wirbelfreien Grenzschicht. Ein Windtunnel für niedrige Windgeschwindigkeit wird beschrieben, der sich für das Studium der geruchlichen Orientierung des Kartoffelkäfers als günstig erwies. Messungen der Windströmung in diesem Tunnel zeigten, daß der Prozentsatz von Turbulenz im Hauptstrom der Insektenprüfkammer niedrig ist und daß eine einheitliche Lockstoffkonzentration in dieser Kammer vorliegt. Es wird geschlossen, daß die Käfer auf pflanzliche Duftstoffe mit Geruch‐induzierter Anemotaxis reagieren. Die Dicke der wirbelfreien Grenzschicht über der Laufplatte in der Prüfkammer wurde ermittelt. Die Einführung von getopften Kartoffelpflanzen in den Luftstrom des Windtunnels löst positive anemotaktische Reaktionen bei Männchen und Weibchen des Kartoffelkäfers aus. Die stärkste positive anemotaktische Reaktion der Männchen wird nach sechs Stunden Hunger erzielt. Ausgewachsene Kartoffelpflanzen sind attraktiver für Männchen als junge. In der Diskussion wird vermutet, daß die Größe der Turbulenz und die Dicke der Grenzschicht unter Freilandbedingungen die geruchlich induzierte anemotaktische Reaktion der Insekten beeinträchtigt.
Characterization of pre-s gene products in hepatitis B surface antigen. (1983)

The 20-nm particles of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) contain two minor glycoproteins, GP33 and GP36, which are probably encoded at their 55 N-terminal amino acids by the pre-s region of the viral DNA. Their 226 C-terminal amino acids are identical to the major protein P24. The 20-nm particles contained more GP33 and GP36 when the blood had a high HBsAg concentration. They were also found in relatively high amounts in HBsAg filaments and virions. Treatment with glycosidase and trypsin showed that the mannose rich glycan and the N-terminal portion of GP33 and GP36 were exposed at the surface of the HBsAg particles. The 20-nm particles containing much GP33 and GP36 did not induce higher anti-HBs titers in guinea pigs than those particles almost devoid of them.
Performance evaluation of power level division multiple access (PDMA) scheme (2003)

The authors present a new multiple access method, PDMA (power level division multiple access), for sharing a common channel among stations by dividing the channel into several power levels. By this method, the capture effect among packets sent at different power levels can be exploited. The authors propose two access schemes employing PDMA and show that the schemes improve the throughput-delay characteristics of the conventional schemes. An approximate analysis of the performance of each scheme is presented. The analytical results are in agreement with the simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient context-sensitive generation of referring expressions (2002)

In their interesting 1995 paper, Dale &amp; Reiter present various algorithms they developed alone or in tandem to determine the content of a distinguishing description. That is: a definite description which is an accurate characterization of the object being referred to, but not of any other object in the current `context set&apos;. They argue that their Incremental Algorithm, discussed in more detail below, is the best one from a computational point of view (it has a low complexity and is fast) as well as from a psychological point of view (humans appear to do it in a similar way). Even though Dale &amp; Reiter (1995) primarily aimed at investigating the computational implications of obeying the Gricean maxims, 89 the Incremental Algorithm has become more or less accepted as the state of the art for generating descriptions. However, due to their original motivation, various other aspects of the generation of definites remaine
Mammalian Achaete Scute Homolog 2 Is Expressed in the Adult Sciatic Nerve and Regulates the Expression of Krox24, Mob-1, CXCR4, and p57kip2 in Schwann Cells (2002)

The molecular control mechanisms and regulatory molecules involved in nerve repair are not yet well known. Schwann cells have been attributed an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration; therefore, attention has been drawn to regulatory factors expressed by these glial cells. Here, we demonstrate that Mash2, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor previously shown to be crucial for placenta development, is expressed by Schwann cells of adult peripheral nerves. We observed that this gene is downregulated after nerve lesion and, using cDNA array hybridization technology, we could demonstrate that Mash2 is a regulator of Krox24, Mob-1, and CXCR4 expression in cultured Schwann cells. In addition, we provide strong evidence that Mash2 is a negative regulator of Schwann cell proliferation. Mash2 represents a first candidate for the missing class B bHLH proteins in peripheral nerves.
Identification of Volatile Flavor Components of Butter Culture (1965)

The volatile flavor components of high quality butter culture and control heated milk medium were isolated from intact samples by means of a specially designed low-temperature, reduced-pressure steam distillation apparatus. The volatile flavor fractions were separated by gas chromatography on packed columns containing polar and nonpolar phases and by programnmd-temperature capillary-column gas chromatography. The effluent from the latter column was admitted directly to the inlet of a rapid-scan mass spectrometer enabling concurrent recordings of mass spectra for each chromatographic peak. The volatile fractions from butter culture and heated milk exhibited similar gas chromatographic patterns. By correlation of gas chromatographic and mass spectral data, most of the major components were characterized. These included aldehydes, methyl ketones, primary and secondary alcohols, methyl and ethyl esters of the normal aliphatic acids, and sulfur compounds.
Peripheral nerve regeneration using bioresorbable macroporous polylactide scaffolds (2000)

The ability of DRG-derived neurons to survive and attach onto macroporous polylactide (PLA) foams was assessed in vitro. The foams were fabricated using a thermally induced polymer-solvent phase separation. Two types of pore structures, namely oriented or interconnected pores, can be produced, depending on the mechanism of phase separation, which in turn can be predicted by the thermodynamics of the polymer-solvent pair. Coating of the porous foams with polyvinylalcohol (PVA) considerably improved the wettability of the foams and allowed for cell culture. The in vitro biocompatibility of the PVA-coated supports was demonstrated by measuring cell viability and neuritogenesis. Microscopic observations of the cells seeded onto the polymer foams showed that the interconnected pore networks were more favorable to cell attachment than the anisotropic ones. The capacity of highly oriented foams to support in vivo peripheral nerve regeneration was studied in rats. A sciatic nerve gap of 5-mm length was bridged with a polymer implant showing macrotubes of 100 μm diameter. At 4 weeks postoperatively, the polymer implant was still present. It was well integrated and had restored an anatomic continuity. An abundant cell migration was observed at the outer surface of the polymer implant, but not within the macrotubes. This dense cellular microenvironment was found to be favorable for axogenesis. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 639–651, 2000.
Amorphous alloys formed by microsecond current pulses (1987)

We report the use of microsecond current pulses to transform layered crystalline nickel-zirconium films to amorphous alloy. Starting material was electron beam deposited multilayers with a composition modulation wavelength of 34 nm, an average composition of Ni63Zr37, and a total thickness of 680 nm. Electrical pulses were approximately rectangular and about 3 μs in duration, with an intensity of several hundred amperes, directly coupling 1.6 to 3 J of energy uniformly into the film. By monitoring current and voltage, the reaction and melting of the sample were observed, and the total energy of the pulse was easily computed. A sharp threshold in pulse energy for sample transformation was observed. A simple heat flow calculation demonstrated that the chemical energy released by the reaction, and the change in diffusion kinetics as the sample temperature exceeded the glass transition temperature of the amorphous alloy, are responsible for this sudden onset. The maximum temperature estimated from this calculation is below the melting point of the constituents, and the cooling rate is 107–108 K/s which is in agreement with the formation of amorphous alloy.
Investigation on Asphaltene Structures during Venezuela Heavy Oil Hydrocracking under Various Hydrogen Pressures (2013)

Venezuela heavy oil under various hydrogen pressures has been hydrocracked to investigate the variation of asphaltene components during reaction. Asphaltenes have been isolated from the product and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The experimental data revealed that the interlamellar spacing and interchain spacing of the asphaltenes increased while the layer diameter decreased with the hydrogen pressure increasing. At the same time, the amount of aromatic carbon and alkyl carbon of the asphaltenes decreased gradually and the amount of naphthenic carbon increased. As the hydrogen pressure increased, the substitution ratio and the condensation degree parameter (HAU/CA) of the aromatic system in the periphery increased gradually and the replacement index and peri-position condensation index of asphaltenes decreased obviously.
Pseudorandom phase-only encoding of real-time spatial light modulators (1996)

We previously proposed a method of mapping full-complex spatial modulations into phase-only modulations. The Fourier transform of the encoded modulations approximates that of the original complex modulations. The amplitude of each pixel is encoded by the property that the amplitude of a random-phasor sum is reduced corresponding to its standard deviation. Pseudorandom encoding is designed for phase-only spatial light modulators that produce 360° phase shifts. Because such devices are rare, experiments are performed with a 326°modulator composed of two In Focus model TVT6000 liquid-crystal displays. Qualitative agreement with theory is achieved despite several nonideal properties of the modulator.
Co-match (2009)

Packet inspection is widely employed in application-layer protocol analyzing systems to enable accurate protocol identification. Many existing systems, however, fail to meet the requirement of keeping up with wire speed in networking. There are two limitations: (1) software-based matching schemes are usually in a sequential manner which is slow and inefficient; (2) fast hardware-based matching schemes are inapplicable to network packet processing for lacking of intrinsic support for multiple flows.
Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to comment on the article by László Tabar, MD, and Peter B. Dean, MD, on breast parenchymal patterns (BPP) (1982;247:185) and the editorial by Myron Moskowitz, MD (1982;247:210). The material of Tabar and Dean is compared to my work. The patient population is entirely different. There is the usual problem of knowing whether or not investigators are classifying the same. I had the opportunity of reviewing a number of cases from this study and had some difficulty in classifying them, in that the radiographic technique as used in Sweden differs vastly from mine. There is no reference made to this cooperative effort; likely the authors did not have the chance to make correlations. Not to be lost is the fact that the authors do conclude that there is significance to the P2 and DY patterns insofar as risk for carcinoma is concerned. The incident
Effectiveness of nifedipine versus atosiban for tocolysis in preterm labour: a meta-analysis with an indirect comparison of randomised trials (2003)

Objective To explore the effectiveness of nifedipine compared with atosiban for tocolysis in preterm labour. Design A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta-analysis using adjusted indirect comparison. Population Six hundred and seventy-nine women recruited in nine randomised trials evaluating the effectiveness of nifedipine versusβ-agonists, and 852 women recruited in four trials of atosiban versusβ-agonists. There were no trials comparing nifedipine directly with atosiban. Methods We performed meta-analysis with a technique involving an adjusted indirect comparison between nifedipine and atosiban using β-agonists as the common comparator. This approach preserves the benefit accrued by randomisation in the original comparisons. Main outcome measures Reduction in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and delay in delivery by 48 hours. Results Nifedipine tocolysis was associated with a significant reduction in respiratory distress syndrome compared with atosiban (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.97). It also increased the number of women whose delivery was delayed by 48 hours (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.73–1.95), although this result was not statistically significant. Conclusions When indirectly compared with atosiban, nifedipine tocolysis is more effective. In the absence of a direct comparison, our analysis provides a way to explore the potential benefits of nifedipine versus atosiban.
The future theater-level model: a research project update (1994)

Research has been conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School into new methodologies for joint theater-level combat simulation modeling, emphasizing C3I, operational intelligence, decisionmaking under uncertainty, and aggregated stochastic process modeling. Research outcomes to date as well as a prototype software tool are described in this paper.
Short echo time <sup>1</sup>H‐MRSI of the human brain at 3T with minimal chemical shift displacement errors using adiabatic refocusing pulses (2007)

The chemical shift displacement error (CSDE) is an often-underestimated problem in slice selection for localized proton spectroscopy at higher fields. With the proposed semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER) pulse sequence, this problem is dealt with by using RF pulses with bandwidths in the order of 5 kHz. A combination of conventional nonadiabatic slice-selective excitation of proton spins, together with double slice-selective refocusing of the spins by two pairs of adiabatic full-passage (APF) pulses, produces a spin echo in a volume of interest (VOI) at an echo time down to 30 ms. An illustration of the CSDE of conventional point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and the semi-LASER sequence is shown with a measurement of the brain of a volunteer at 3T. With one application of the technique to a patient with a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its clinical functionality is demonstrated. With sharp selection profiles and a small CSDE, voxels close to the edge of the VOI can also be used for evaluation. With the additional advantage of being relatively insensitive for B(1) inhomogeneities, the semi-LASER technique can be viewed as a superior substitute for conventional PRESS MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 3T and beyond.
Apelin-APJ Signaling: a Potential Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2014)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by the vascular remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, including formation of plexiform and concentric lesions comprised of proliferative vascular cells. Clinically, PAH leads to increased pulmonary arterial pressure and subsequent right ventricular failure. Existing therapies have improved the outcome but mortality still remains exceedingly high. There is emerging evidence that the seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor APJ and its cognate endogenous ligand apelin are important in the maintenance of pulmonary vascular homeostasis through the targeting of critical mediators, such as Krűppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Disruption of this pathway plays a major part in the pathogenesis of PAH. Given its role in the maintenance of pulmonary vascular homeostasis, the apelin-APJ pathway is a potential target for PAH therapy. This review highlights the current state in the understanding of the apelin-APJ axis related to PAH and discusses the therapeutic potential of this signaling pathway as a novel paradigm of PAH therapy.
Si(001)-2×1 Single-Domain Structure Obtained by High Temperature Annealing (1986)

Si(001)-2×1 single-domain structure has been observed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) after a substrate annealing at a temperature of 1000°C for 20 min. This implies surface steps have been changed from monatomic layer to biatomic layer height by the annealing. It was found that the single-domain 2×1 surface structure is a necessary condition to observe stable RHEED intensity oscillations on the Si(001) surface during the growth.
Continuities and discontinuities in communication and development research since 1958 (1997)

(1997). Continuities and discontinuities in communication and development research since 1958. The Journal of International Communication: Vol. 4, Communication and Development: Beyond Panaceas, pp. 3-23.
Oil accumulation in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: characterization, variability between common laboratory strains and relationship with starch reserves (2011)

A reference basis for future genetic studies of oil metabolism in Chlamydomonas is provided. Results highlight the importance of using direct progenitors as control strains when assessing the effect of mutations on oil content. They also suggest the existence in Chlamydomonas of complex interplays between oil synthesis, genetic background and stress conditions. Optimization of such interactions is an alternative to targeted metabolic engineering strategies in the search for high oil yields.
Active-specific immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. (2011)

Non-small cell lung cancer constitutes about 85% of all newly diagnosed cases of lung cancer and continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Standard treatment for this devastating disease, such as systemic chemotherapy, has reached a plateau in effectiveness and comes with considerable toxicities. For all stages of disease fewer than 20% of patients are alive 5 years after diagnosis; for metastatic disease the median survival is less than one year. Until now, the success of active-specific immunotherapy for all tumor types has been sporadic and unpredictable. However, the active-specific stimulation of the host's own immune system still holds great promise for achieving non-toxic and durable antitumor responses. Recently, sipuleucel-T (Provenge(®); Dendreon Corp., Seattle, WA) was the first therapeutic cancer vaccine to receive market approval, in this case for advanced prostate cancer. Other phase III clinical trials using time-dependent endpoints, e.g. in melanoma and follicular lymphoma, have recently turned out positive. More sophisticated specific vaccines have now also been developed for lung cancer, which, for long, was not considered an immune-sensitive malignancy. This may explain why advances in active-specific immunotherapy for lung cancer lag behind similar efforts in renal cell cancer, melanoma or prostate cancer. However, various vaccines are now being evaluated in controlled phase III clinical trials, raising hopes that active-specific immunotherapy may become an additional effective therapy for patients with lung cancer. This article reviews the most prominent active-specific immunotherapeutic approaches using protein/peptide, whole tumor cells, and dendritic cells as vaccines for lung cancer.