gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linking Innate to Adaptive Immunity through Dendritic Cells (2006)

The function of dendritic cells (DCs) in linking innate to adaptive immunity is often summarized with two terms. DCs are sentinels, able to capture, process and present antigens and to migrate to lymphoid tissues to select rare, antigen-reactive T cell clones. DCs are also sensors, responding to a spectrum of environmental cues by extensive differentiation or maturation. The type of DC and the type of maturation induced by different stimuli influences the immunological outcome, such as the differentiation of Thl vs. Th2 T cells. Here we summarize the contributions of DCs to innate defences, particularly the production of immune enhancing cytokines and the activation of innate lymphocytes. Then we outline three innate features of DCs that influence peripheral tolerance and lead to adaptive immunity: a specialized endocytic system for antigen capture and processing, location and movements in vivo, and maturation in response to an array of stimuli. A new approach to the analysis of DC biology is to target antigens selectively to maturing DCs in vivo. This leads to stronger, more prolonged and broader (many immunogenic peptides) immunity by both T cells and B cells.
RNA-Seq data: a goldmine for organelle research (2013)

GenBank is bursting with eukaryotic RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) results. These data are transforming our view of nuclear transcriptional architecture, but many scientists are ignoring a major component of the data: mitochondrial- and chloroplast-derived sequences. Indeed, organelle transcripts typically represent a significant proportion of the reads generated from eukaryotic RNA-Seq experiments. Here, I argue that these data are an excellent and untapped resource for investigating many aspects of organelle function and evolution.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FINE‐GRAINED BARIUM TITANATE BY HYDROTHERMAL REACTION (1975)

Abstract Die hydrothermische Reaktion von Titandioxid (I) und Bariumhydroxid (II) liefert feinkörniges Bariumtitanat (III).
Evidence of Poxvirus in Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) and Burmeister's Porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis) from Coastal Peru (1993)

In 1990, 74 dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) and 10 Burmeister's porpoises (Phocoena spinipinnis) were examined for the presence of hyperpigmented marks and pinhole lesions on the skin (tattoo lesions) at the fishing terminal of Pucusana, central Peru. Prevalences of tattoo lesions were 8.1% and 30% in the dolphins and porpoises, respectively. Intracytoplasmic poxviruses were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of three of eight samples of infected epidermis from both species. The reason for the negative results in others is unclear but may be related to stages of infection with low virus density or even incorrect classification of some lesions as genuine viral tattoos. An irregular arrangement of tubules on the outer viral membrane, similar to those in orthopoxviruses, was visible in negative contrast preparations for P. spinipinnis. This is the first record of poxvirus in porpoises (Phocoenidae) and also the first report for dusky dolphins, and generally for cetaceans of the southern hemisphere.
Between the Sheets: Postsynthetic Transformations in Hybrid Perovskites (2017)

Hybrid perovskites combine the optical and electronic versatility of ionic inorganic solids with the synthetic diversity and tunability of covalent organic molecules. Their multicomponent, crystalline architectures, incorporating a wide array of metals, ligands, and organic molecules, can be synthetically fine-tuned to accommodate diverse target technologies. In this Perspective, we highlight how the utility of hybrid perovskites can be further extended through chemical and physical postsynthetic transformations, with an emphasis on the design of functional solids. We describe strategies that we and other researchers have developed for using the parent perovskite to direct the structure or morphology of the product. We further show how the perovskite structure provides a unique reaction vessel for performing chemical transformations that cannot be accessed through conventional methods. We hope this Perspective motivates both organic and inorganic chemists to further expand the versatility of these technologically important hybrids, whose physical and electronic properties are highly amenable to synthetic design.
Perception de l’espace résidentiel et urbain chez des femmes ayant un premier enfant (2004)

INTRODUCTIONLes recherches sur l’habitat montrent que le sexe, l’étape dans le cycle de la vie familiale, et notamment la présence des enfants, modulent les rapports de l’individu à son environnement : avec l’arrivée des enfants, de nouveaux besoins se font sentir, surtout chez les femmes, en termes de superficie, d’espaces verts, de services, de qualité de vie, de proximité par rapport au lieu de travail.Dans la perspective théorique de l’étude des processus psychologiques liés aux transiti...
Direct Measurement of Microplates and Its Application to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1976)

A commercially available system for enzyme analysis was adapted for high-speed reading of microplates in which the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed.
Characterization of protein glycosylation using chip-based nanoelectrospray with precursor ion scanning quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. (2005)

Glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications affecting the functions of proteins and cell activities. Mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be an effective tool for structural glycobiology and has helped gain an understanding of glycoprotein-mediated diseases. Although electro-spray ionization-tandem MS remains widely recognized as an effective means for oligosaccharide characterization, the hydrophilic nature of glycans has often caused the poor ionization efficiency requiring either derivatization or nanoelectrospray to improve detection sensitivity. In this report we describe the use of a chip-based infusion nanoelectrospray platform coupled with the hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap for identification and characterization of glycosylation in complex mixtures. The high-mannose-type N-glycosylation in ribonuclease B was used to map the glycosylation site and obtain glycan structures. Using the chip-based nanoelectro-spray with precursor ion scanning linear ion trap MS, we were able to map the glycosylation site and obtain the glycan structures in ribonuclease B at 100 fmol/microL in a single analysis. In addition, a new, low-abundant glycoform with an additional hexose (Hex10GlcNAc2) attached to ribonuclease B was discovered. The results reported here demonstrate that the chip-based infusion nanoelectrospray ionization coupled to a quadrupole/linear ion trap platform is a valuable system, as it provides high sensitivity and stability for nanoelectrospray analysis, and allows extended acquisition time for completing precursor ion scanning and subsequent MS2 and MS3 information in a single analysis.
<title>Stable isotope analysis of breath using the optogalvanic effect</title> (1996)

A new technique based on the optogalvanic effect has been developed for the measurement of stable isotope ratios in the carbon dioxide of exhaled breath. Data obtained before and after ingestion of harmless stable isotope labeled compounds, metabolized to carbon dioxide, can be used for sensitive noninvasive diagnostics of various disease conditions. The technique uses the specificity of laser resonance spectroscopy and achieves sensitivity and accuracy typical of sophisticated isotope ratio mass spectrometers. Using fixed frequency carbon dioxide lasers, <SUP>13</SUP>C/<SUP>12</SUP>C ratios can be determined with a precision of 2 ppm with 100 second averaging times. Multiple samples can be analyzed simultaneously providing real time continuous calibration. In a first application, analysis of <SUP>13</SUP>C/<SUP>12</SUP>C ratios in exhaled human breath after ingestion of <SUP>13</SUP>C labeled urea is being developed as a diagnostic for the bacterium H-pylori, known to be the causative agent for most peptic and duodenal ulcers.
Enhanced Heat Transfer in a Flat Rectangular Duct With Streamwise-Periodic Disturbances at One Principal Wall (1983)

Experiments were performed in a flat rectangular duct to determine the heat transfer and pressure drop response to periodic, rod-type disturbance elements situated adjacent to one principal wall and oriented transverse to the flow direction. In a portion of the experiments, heat transfer occurred only at the rodded wall, while in the remainder, heat was transferred at both principal walls of the duct. Highly detailed axial distributions of the local heat transfer coefficient were obtained. These distributions revealed the rapid establishment of a periodic (i.e., cyclic) fully developed regime as well as recurring local maxima and minima. Cycle-average, fully developed heat transfer coefficients were evaluated and were found to be much larger than those for a smooth-walled duct. Linear pressure distributions were measured between periodically positioned stations in the fully developed region, and the corresponding friction factors were several times greater than the smooth-duct values. The heat transfer and friction data were very well correlated using parameters that take account of the effective surface roughness associated with the disturbance rods.
Highly Robust Hybrid Photocatalyst for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Tuning and Optimization of Catalytic Activities of Dye/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Re(I) Organic–Inorganic Ternary Systems (2015)

Herein we report a detailed investigation of a highly robust hybrid system (sensitizer/TiO2/catalyst) for the visible-light reduction of CO2 to CO; the system comprises 5'-(4-[bis(4-methoxymethylphenyl)amino]phenyl-2,2'-dithiophen-5-yl)cyanoacrylic acid as the sensitizer and (4,4'-bis(methylphosphonic acid)-2,2'-bipyridine)Re(I)(CO)3Cl as the catalyst, both of which have been anchored on three different types of TiO2 particles (s-TiO2, h-TiO2, d-TiO2). It was found that remarkable enhancements in the CO2 conversion activity of the hybrid photocatalytic system can be achieved by addition of water or such other additives as Li(+), Na(+), and TEOA. The photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency was enhanced by approximately 300% upon addition of 3% (v/v) H2O, giving a turnover number of ≥570 for 30 h. A series of Mott-Schottky (MS) analyses on nanoparticle TiO2 films demonstrated that the flat-band potential (V(fb)) of TiO2 in dry DMF is substantially negative but positively shifts to considerable degrees in the presence of water or Li(+), indicating that the enhancement effects of the additives on the catalytic activity should mainly arise from optimal alignment of the TiO2 V(fb) with respect to the excited-state oxidation potential of the sensitizer and the reduction potential of the catalyst in our ternary system. The present results confirm that the TiO2 semiconductor in our heterogeneous hybrid system is an essential component that can effectively work as an electron reservoir and as an electron transporting mediator to play essential roles in the persistent photocatalysis activity of the hybrid system in the selective reduction of CO2 to CO.
Local vascular pathway for progesterone transfer to the brain after nasal administration in gilts. (2003)

In the present study we examined whether local transfer of intranasally administrated tritiated progesterone (3H-P4) would increase its concentration in blood supplying the brain and hypophysis in comparison with other organs. Additionally, the effect of estrous cycle on the P4 transfer was evaluated on isolated gilts' heads. In the first experiment 3H-P4 was instilled into the nasal cavities of anaesthetized, immature pigs (n=10). Simultaneous blood samples were collected for radioactivity measurement every minute from the same occluded carotid artery through two catheters; one catheter was pointed towards the head, the other one towards the heart. In eight animals the ratio calculated between the 'head' and 'heart' samples was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 1 and reached a mean (+/- SEM) level of 3.23 +/- 0.81. In two animals a much higher ratio was observed. A head/heart ratio>1 indicates an existence of local transfer of 3H-P4 from venous blood to the carotid blood. In the second experiment, heads of 26 mature, cycling gilts were perfused through the right carotid artery with autologous blood. The outflow from the left carotid artery was collected as 1 min samples. 3H-P4 was infused into the angularis oculi veins. Transfer of 3H-P4 from the venous blood into the arterial blood reached the mean (+/- SEM) level of 4.11 +/- 1.08 pg/ml on days 2-4, 3.2 +/- 0.70 on days 17-21 and 0.94 +/- 0.22 pg/ml on days 15-16 of the estrous cycle. No 3H-P4 transfer was observed on days 9-11. These findings demonstrate that nasally administered progesterone can reach the brain in locally higher concentration through the vascular pathway. Moreover, the between-vessel transfer of P4 is significantly affected by the stage of the estrous cycle.
Use of Ryan Holmes Technology for CO{sub 2} and NGL recovery (1998)

Tee Ryan/Holmes Technology offers a method to recover propane plus liquids, or ethane plus liquids, from natural gas that contains a high concentration of CO{sub 2}, using equipment common to most any gas plant. The CO{sub 2}/methane mixture recovered can be reinjected into the formation, replacing purchased CO{sub 2}, or it can be further refined into a high purity CO{sub 2} product, approximately 95% pure, and a fairly clean fuel gas with less than 6% CO{sub 2} content.
The use of bleaching earth in fatty acid production (1984)

Abstract Pretreatment of crude tallow or fish oil fatty acids with bleaching clays considerably improves the rate of hydrogenation with several different catalysts. Several series of tests were run to demonstrate these effects, and the data are presented.
A Frequency-based Approach for Features Fusion in Fingerprint and Iris Multimodal Biometric Identification Systems (2010)

The basic aim of a biometric identification system is to discriminate automatically between subjects in a reliable and dependable way, according to a specific-target application. Multimodal biometric identification systems aim to fuse two or more physical or behavioral traits to provide optimal False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR), thus improving system accuracy and dependability. In this paper, an innovative multimodal biometric identification system based on iris and fingerprint traits is proposed. The paper is a state-of-the-art advancement of multibiometrics, offering an innovative perspective on features fusion. In greater detail, a frequency-based approach results in a homogeneous biometric vector, integrating iris and fingerprint data. Successively, a hamming-distance-based matching algorithm deals with the unified homogenous biometric vector. The proposed multimodal system achieves interesting results with several commonly used databases. For example, we have obtained an interesting working point with FAR = 0% and FRR = 5.71% using the entire fingerprint verification competition (FVC) 2002 DB2B database and a randomly extracted same-size subset of the BATH database. At the same time, considering the BATH database and the FVC2002 DB2A database, we have obtained a further interesting working point with FAR = 0% and FRR = 7.28% ÷ 9.7%.
Principles of Entrainment: Diagnostic Utility for Supraventricular Tachycardia (2008)

Entrainment is an important pacing maneuver that can be used to identify reentry as a tachycardia mechanism and define components of the circuit. This review examines how principles of entrainment can be used to arrive at a firm supraventricular tachycardia diagnosis using a simple algorithm and builds a foundation for the application of entrainment to more complex or unknown circuits.
Double-heterojunction photodetector for midinfrared applications: theoretical model and experimental results (2003)

We report a theoretical model for characterization of a double heterojunction (DH) photovoltaic detector for application in the midinfrared (MIR) wavelength region. The physics-based closed-form model developed here has been applied to study the characteristics of an n(+)-InAsSbP-n(0)-InAsSb-p(+)-InAsSbP DH detector grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) for possible application in the 2- to 5-mum wavelength region. The results obtained from the experimental measurements have been compared and contrasted with those predicted on the basis of the theoretical model. The model can be used to explain the various physical mechanisms that shape the characteristics of the device under room-temperature operation. It can also be used to optimize the performance of the photodetector to suit specific requirements. The study reveals that compositional grading in the active and the cladding regions of a DH grown by LPE is responsible for the reduction of the responsivity and detectivity of the device in the shorter wavelength region. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Antialgal substances for iodine-disinfected swimming pools (1977)

Forty substances were tested for antialgal activity against Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Wis. 2005) and Phormidium inundatum (Wis. 1093). C. pyrenoidosa exhibited greater resistance to adverse effects of test compounds than did P. inundatum. Although several structurally unrelated compounds were inhibitory to both alga species, even at an initial concentration of 1.0 mg/liter, methylthio-s-triazines, ametryne, prometryne, and terbutryne, at 0.1 mg/liter, restricted growth to less than 25% of control (untreated) cultures. The methylthio-s-triazines were virtually chemically unreactive with free iodine. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by free iodine dosages of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/liter was unaffected by the presence of 2.0 mg of terbutryne per liter.
Temperature Measurements in Powder-Bed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (2014)

Thermal characteristics such as process temperatures and melt pool sizes offer important information in metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as powder-bed electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM). In this study, a near infrared (NIR) thermal imager was employed to acquire build surface process temperatures during EBAM fabrications using Ti-6Al-4V powder. Challenges in NIR temperature measurements for EBAM were tackled including compensating temperatures due to the transmission loss and estimating the emissivity of Ti-6Al-4V in its molten state. At a beam speed of about 728 mm/s, a beam current of about 7.2 mA and a diameter of 0.55 mm, the maximum process temperature is on the order of around 2700 °C, and the melt pools have dimensions of about 2.72 mm and 0.72 mm in length and width, respectively.
A bandgap voltage reference in 0.18&#x00B5;m CMOS technology (2013)

A low-temperature coefficient, curvature-compensated CMOS bandgap voltage reference (BGR) is presented in this paper. The design was implemented in standard 0.18μm CMOS process with 1.8V power supply. The compensation is achieved generating the negative temperature coefficient (TC) voltage with a quadratic temperature dependent current biasing a bipolar transistor. In addition, the design has a 4-bit trimming circuit to compensate for process variations. The output voltage is 1.225V and shows a TC lower than 2ppm/°C over a temperature range of 160°C (-20°C to 140°C). The bandgap reference consumes 620μW and its total layout area is 217×147μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
On Fast-Decodable Space-Time Block Codes (2007)

We focus on full-rate, fast-decodable space-time block codes (STBCs) for 2x2 and 4x2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. We first derive conditions for reduced-complexity maximum-likelihood decoding, and apply them to a unified analysis of two families of 2x2 STBCs that were recently proposed. In particular, we describe a reduced-complexity sphere decoding algorithm suitable for QAM signal constellations. Next, we derive a novel reduced-complexity 4x2 STBC, and show that it outperforms all previously known codes with certain constellations.
Experimental Measurements and Computational Predictions of Regional Particle Deposition in a Sectional Nasal Model (2014)

These results demonstrate the use of a sectioned nasal CFD model based on anatomical regions of interest for nasal drug delivery to elucidate patterns of regional deposition within a human nasal cavity.
How Structure, Ca Signals, and Cellular Communications Underlie Function in Precapillary Arterioles (2009)

These data reveal the structural and signaling specializations underlying how blood flow is locally regulated, provide new insight into control of microcirculation, and provide a framework to explain its vulnerability to disease.
Social Presence and Implications for Designing Online Learning Communities (2005)

With the rapid global proliferation of the Internet and telecommunication networks, online education, one form of distance education is currently becoming the fastest growing trend of domestic and international education. A major challenge to designing online learning is the development of appropriate means to facilitate the social environment that is critical for higher order learning in many disciplines. In many online learning designs, the majority of resources are channeled to web interface design and technology, while little or no resources are devoted to facilitating the teaching and learning process, the negotiation of meaning and the validation of knowledge among peers and instructors that depends on a conducive socio-cultural environment and adequate learner support.
Investigation of the Effects of CMAS-infiltration in EB-PVD 7% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia via Raman Spectroscopy (2018)

Surface contaminants consisting of calcium-magnesium-alumina silicate (CMAS) have proven to negatively impact the thermal and mechanical properties of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on turbine blades during engine operation. CMAS particulates react with the ceramic coat, yttria stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), and cause a depletion in yttria content which forces a phase transformation from tetragonal (t) to monoclinic (m). In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used as a nondestructive analysis technique for evaluating YSZ under CMAS attack. 7YSZ layer was infiltrated with CMAS for different times at 1225 and 1250°C. It was found that in areas of greater CMAS infiltration, where samples were heated at higher temperatures, there was an increase in monoclinic peak intensity and width. These results show that monoclinic peak identification is correlated with the CMAS infiltration and can potentially be used to establish the critical depth of infiltration which can significantly affect TBC failure.