gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bil: A tool-chain for bitstream reverse-engineering (2012)

This paper performs an investigation into the security of Xilinx FPGA bitstreams, introducing a tool-chain for reversing bitstreams back to their device-specific netlists. Bitstream reversal is performed by querying a database containing the mapping of bitstream bits to their related configurable FPGA resources and a secondary database describing the FPGA structure. The mapping database is created by applying an algorithm that correlates binary bitstream data with data extracted from a corresponding netlist. The resource database is derived from a textual device description which can be obtained from the Xilinx design flow. The method can successfully reverse certain sections of the bitstream, although complete bitstream reversal remains infeasible for the time being. The presented tool-chain, the Bitfile Interpretation Library (BIL), improves on previous attempts at bitstream reverse engineering. It is made available as open source for further development.
Photographic Technique for Measuring Temperatures in Luminous Rocket Exhaust Flames (1958)

The theory of the two path-length method for optically determining flame temperature is reviewed, and the requirements for quantitative photographic measurement are presented. Apparatus which includes a camera with the necessary combination of film and filters to accept light in a narrow wavelength interval, and several adjustable lamps to serve as standard sources, is described. The film record contains an image of the rocket exhaust jet adjacent to the images of the lamp filaments whose temperatures are known from a previous calibration with an optical pyrometer. Comparison of measured intensities with and without a reflector behind the flame yields the emittance and flame temperature. Some results of measurements at the exit regions of rocket nozzles affording nearly optimum expanison are presented. The utility of the method in rocket performance studies is discussed.
The Utility of <sup>11</sup>C-Choline PET/CT for Imaging Prostate Cancer: A Pictorial Guide (2011)

Carbon-11-labeled choline PET/CT is a powerful adjunct to the currently available imaging modalities for evaluating prostate cancer. As with any diagnostic method, false-positives and false-negatives occur. However, these diagnostic errors can be reduced if readers are familiar with the normal and abnormal patterns of (11)C-choline distribution in the body.
Self-Tuning Fuzzy Controller (1988)

This paper deals with a self-tuning fuzzy controller. The fuzzy controller is constructed with linguistic control rules which consist of the fuzzy variables and the fuzzy sets. Each of fuzzy sets is characterized by a membership function. The self-tuning fuzzy controller has a function that the parameters of membership functions are adequately adjusted by two learning rule sets.One is the repeated learning rule set which adjusts the parameters of membership functions of the fuzzy controller after evaluating the control results with respect to the control performances. The other is the real time learning rule set which adjusts the parameters of the fuzzy controller by evaluating the control response at the real time.By control simulation, it is shown that the desired control results are obtained and that the usefulness of the self-tuning fuzzy controller is recognized.
Population-level mortality burden from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Europe and North America (2021)

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41118-021-00115-9.
LBL assembled polyelectrolyte nanofiltration membranes with tunable surface charges and high permeation by employing a nanosheet sacrificial layer (2017)

A novel strategy is developed to fabricate LBL assembled polyelectrolyte nanofiltration membranes with tiny filtration resistance and tunable surface charges and thus leading to high permeation flux and excellent rejections for charged molecules.
Endogenous regulatory T lymphocytes ameliorate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice and correlate with disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a relentless and devastating adult-onset neurodegenerative disease with no known cure. In mice with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, CD4+ T lymphocytes and wild-type microglia potentiate protective inflammatory responses and play a principal role in disease pathoprogression. Using this model, we demonstrate that endogenous T lymphocytes, and more specifically regulatory T lymphocytes, are increased at early slowly progressing stages, augmenting interleukin-4 expression and protective M2 microglia, and are decreased when the disease rapidly accelerates, possibly through the loss of FoxP3 expression in the regulatory T lymphocytes. Without ex vivo activation, the passive transfer of wild-type CD4+ T lymphocytes into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice lacking functional T lymphocytes lengthened disease duration and prolonged survival. The passive transfer of endogenous regulatory T lymphocytes from early disease stage mutant Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase mice into these amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice, again without ex vivo activation, were substantially more immunotherapeutic sustaining interleukin-4 levels and M2 microglia, and resulting in lengthened disease duration and prolonged survival; the stable disease phase was extended by 88% using mutant Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase regulatory T lymphocytes. A potential mechanism for this enhanced life expectancy may be mediated by the augmented secretion of interleukin-4 from mutant Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase regulatory T lymphocytes that directly suppressed the toxic properties of microglia; flow cytometric analyses determined that CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ T lymphocytes co-expressed interleukin-4 in the same cell. These observations were extended into the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient population where patients with more rapidly progressing disease had decreased numbers of regulatory T lymphocytes; the numbers of regulatory T lymphocytes were inversely correlated with disease progression rates. These data suggest a cellular mechanism whereby endogenous regulatory T lymphocytes are immunocompetent and actively contribute to neuroprotection through their interactions with microglia. Furthermore, these data suggest that immunotherapeutic interventions must begin early in the pathogenic process since immune dysfunction occurs at later stages. Thus, the cumulative mouse and human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis data suggest that increasing the levels of regulatory T lymphocytes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at early stages in the disease process may be of therapeutic value, and slow the rate of disease progression and stabilize patients for longer periods of time.
New Intelligent Transmission Concept for Hybrid Mobile Robot Speed Control (2006)

This paper presents a new concept of a mobile robot speed control by using two degree of freedom gear transmission. The developed intelligent speed controller utilizes a gear box which comprises of epicyclic gear train with two inputs, one coupled with the engine shaft and another with the shaft of a variable speed dc motor. The net output speed is a combination of the two input speeds and is governed by the transmission ratio of the planetary gear train. This new approach eliminates the use of a torque converter which is otherwise an indispensable part of all available automatic transmissions, thereby reducing the power loss that occurs in the box during the fluid coupling. By gradually varying the speed of the dc motor a stepless transmission has been achieved. The other advantages of the developed controller are pulling over and reversing the vehicle, implemented by intelligent mixing of the dc motor and engine speeds. This approach eliminates traditional braking system in entire vehicle design. The use of two power sources, IC engine and battery driven DC motor, utilizes the modern idea of hybrid vehicles. The new mobile robot speed controller is capable of driving the vehicle even in extreme case of IC engine failure, for example, due to gas depletion.
Hormonal Growth Promotion and Evidence for a Size-Related Difference in Response to Estradiol-17β in Yellow Perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) (1985)

Our studies indicate that estrogen(s) promote growth and may mediate sexually related dimorphic growth in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). (1) Neither 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) at 1.5–60 μg/g diet nor estradiol-17β (E 2 ) at 15–120 μg/g stimulated length or weight gain when fed for 85 d to age 0 perch that were initially 20–35 mm total length (TL) and 0.14–0.25 g total weight (TW). (2) In larger age 0 perch (initially 90–110 mm TL and 8–12 g TW), E 2 at 2 or 20 μg/g accelerated length and weight gain; MT, triiodothyronine, and zeranol failed to promote growth at all doses tested. (3) E 2 at 20 μg/g had differential effects when fed for 84 d to age 0 perch (initially 30–50 mm TL and 0.5–0.7 g TW) and age 1 perch (initially 90–110 mm TL and 8–12 g TW): E 2 stimulated weight gain in the larger fish within the first 28 d, but did not improve growth in the smaller perch until they reached 80–100 mm TL and 5–10 g TW (after day 56). These results demonstrate that E 2 promotes perch growth only after a certain size- or age-related maturational status has been reached. We suggest that this status is related to the onset of spermatogenesis, vitellogenesis, and sexually related dimorphic growth and may be linked to the maturation of hormone receptors.
Association Study on ADAM33 Polymorphisms in Mite-Sensitized Persistent Allergic Rhinitis in a Chinese Population (2014)

Polymorphisms in the ADAM33 gene may contribute to susceptibility of mite-sensitized PER in this Chinese population.
QOS aggregation algorithms in hierarchical ATM networks (2002)

We propose a new private network-to-network interface (PNNI) aggregation algorithms for hierarchical ATM networks. Standard PNNI routing provides a scalable hierarchical routing capability to support a large ATM network, and its hierarchy mechanism can decrease the network complexity significantly. However, in order to support effective QoS-based routing across foreign subnetworks, the topology aggregation mechanism, representing the lower level network topology to higher level, becomes a key issue. PNNI specification defines general notions of this aggregation mechanism, leaving enough opportunities for subnetwork administrators to choose the amount of aggregated information that they advertise. So far, no feasible PNNI compliant algorithms have been proposed. We propose a new three step aggregation scheme to solve the problem. We evaluated the proposed scheme, based on large-scale simulations with different network topologies, traffic scenarios, and performance metrics. The proposed scheme delivers good network performance while significantly reducing the network complexity.
HIV-1 in Blood Monocytes: Frequency of Detection of Proviral DNA Using PCR and Comparison with the Total CD4 Count (1992)

In vivo infection of monocytes/macrophages by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been investigated in many studies since these cells were suggested to provide a reservoir for the virus. In this study, we wanted to find out whether HIV provirus could be detected in circulating monocytes and whether it could be compared with the provirus found in T lymphocytes (T-Ly). Twenty-one seropositive subjects were studied. The amplification method (PCR) was used with three different primer pairs (in gag, env, and long terminal repeat regions of the viral genome) to detect the HIV-1 genome in monocytes and T-Ly separated by an immunomagnetic isolation technique. Of 21 monocyte samples, 13 (61.9%) were positive with at least one primer pair. Furthermore, the provirus harboured in 9 of those 13 monocyte-positive samples differed, with respect to pattern of primer response, from the provirus found in T-Ly. When comparing primer responses of monocytes and T-Ly, most of the differences were found to have occurred with the env primers (8 of 9 cases). Dilution experiments with the 8 E5 cell line revealed that 9 of 12 T-Ly contained 15-150 HIV DNA copies per 150,000 cells while 8 of 11 positive monocytes contained less than 15 copies. However, monocyte samples from two asymptomatic individuals and an AIDS patient showed high levels of HIV DNA, comparable to those obtained in T-Ly. Finally, it was also found that the monocyte-positive subjects were more immunosuppressed than the negative ones, as shown by the total CD4 count of both groups (means of 269 T4/mm3 and 573 T4/mm3, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Insulin receptor substrate-1 variants in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. (1994)

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) plays an important role in insulin-stimulated signaling mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated the frequency and clinical significance of variants in the coding region of this gene in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Initial screening included a population-based sample of 40 Finnish patients with typical NIDDM. Applying single strand conformation polymorphism analysis the following amino acid substitutions were found among the 40 NIDDM patients: Gly818-Arg, Ser892Gly, and Gly971Arg. The first two variants have not been previously reported. Additional samples of 72 patients with NIDDM and 104 healthy control subjects with completely normal oral glucose tolerance test and a negative family history of diabetes were screened. The most common polymorphism was the Gly971Arg substitution which was found in 11 (9.8%) of 112 NIDDM patients and in 9 (8.7%) of 104 control subjects. The Gly818Arg substitution was found in 2 (1.8%) of NIDDM patients and in 2 (1.9%) of control subjects, and the Ser892Gly substitution was found in 3 (2.7%) NIDDM patients and in 1 (1.0%) control subject. The Gly971Arg substitution was not associated with an impairment in insulin secretion capacity (estimated by insulin responses in an oral glucose tolerance test or by the hyperglycemic clamp) or insulin action (estimated by the euglycemic clamp). Of the three amino acid substitutions observed Ser892Gly is the most interesting one since it abolishes one of the potential serine phosphorylation sites (SPGE) which is located immediately NH2-terminal to the only SH2 binding site of growth factor receptor-bound protein (GRB2), and thus could potentially influence some aspects of signal transduction and metabolic response to insulin.
UAV-based high-throughput phenotyping to discriminate barley vigour with visible and near-infrared vegetation indices (2017)

In the context of plant breeding, high-throughput phenotyping is an assessment of plant phenotypes on a scale and with a level of speed and precision not achievable with traditional methods, through the application of emerging technologies such as automation and robotics, new sensors, and imaging technologies (hardware and software). In the present work, high-resolution digital images have been acquired with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) prototype platform on an experimental phenotyping barley field. Six vegetation indices generated from the red–green–blue and near-infrared-based images were calculated for 912 experimental barley plots and provided high correlation with the indices determined from hyperspectral data taken at the ground (gt); the indices performance in discriminating the vigour of genotypes was finally assessed.
Non-invasive assessment of shunt and ventilation/perfusion ratio in neonates with pulmonary failure (2001)

This simple non-invasive method distinguishes between shunt and reduced V(A)/Q in neonates with pulmonary failure.
Electrochemical hydrotrifluoromethylation of fumaronitrile (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical hydrotrifluoromethylation of fumaronitrileKenji Uneyama and Shunsuke WatanabeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 12, 3909–3912Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00299a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00299a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views500Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adult neurogenesis as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. (2006)

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are progressive neurological diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Recent identification and advances in our understanding of multi-potent neural stem cells/progenitors in the mature CNS has raised the possibility that these discoveries can be translated into an effective therapy for degenerative neurological disease.
[Autoantibodies against nerve tissue proteins long after cranio-cerebral injury]. (1997)

20 samples of serum of patients with remote consequences of brain trauma were tested to detect autoantibodies (a-AB) against brain proteins S-100 and NKP. Essential pathology was not found out by standard solid-phase immunoassay. The original method was used to detect a-AB to the whole complex of antigen determinants. Using this method the elevation of a-AB against S-100 and NKP was shown at 16 cases. The disturbance of idiotype-antiidiotype regulation was revealed at this group of patients. It is suggested that insufficient level of corresponding antiidiotypes creates the conditions for autoimmune aggressor of a-AB against brain tissue.
Effect of fish oil supplementation in a rat model of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (2013)

Pre-injury dietary supplementation with fish oil improves recovery of body weight and provides a small improvement in cognitive performance in a rat model of multiple mild TBIs.
A new method of measurement of the different types of noise altering the output signal of oscillators (1993)

Oscillator noise is generally modeled by a power law spectral density. Thus it is possible to characterize different noise sources, each of them corresponding to a particular power law. The measurement of the contribution of these sources is necessary to know their origin and to remedy these causes in order to improve oscillator performance. Usually, an estimation of the different types of noise present in a signal is obtained by using a variance. However, the sensitivity of these variances differs for each type of noise and then limits this method. On the other hand, the use of several variances, each of them more sensitive to one type of noise, permits one to notably improve the measurement accuracy. The method suggested here uses as many different variances as there are types of noise to measure. The improvement of measurement accuracy of the noise coefficient is discussed in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactions of low-valent metal complexes with fluorocarbons. Part XVIII t-Butyl isocyanide–nickel complexes (1971)

Reaction of Ni(ButNC)4 with (CF3)2CO and with (CF3)2CNH affords (ButNC)2[graphic omitted] (X = O or NH). The same five-membered ring compounds are obtained by treating (ButNC)2[graphic omitted] (X = O or NH), prepared from (1,5-C8H12)[graphic omitted], with the respective ketone or imine. Whereas, treatment of (ButNC)2-[graphic omitted] with (CF3)2CNH gives only (ButNC)2[graphic omitted], the reaction of (ButNC)2-[graphic omitted]H with (CF3)2CO affords a mixture of two five-membered ring complexes. Hexafluroacetone reacts with Ni(PhNC)4 to form (PhNC)2[graphic omitted], which reacts further with hexafluoroisopropylideneamine to give (PhNC)2[graphic omitted].Tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluorobuta-1,3-diene react with Ni(ButNC)4 to form, respectively (ButNC)2-[graphic omitted]F2 and (ButNC)2[graphic omitted]F2, whereas the corresponding reaction with (CN)2C:C(CF3)2 or CF3CF:CF2 give, respectively, (ButNC)2[graphic omitted](CN)2 and (ButNC)2[graphic omitted]FCF3.Treatment of (ButNC)2Ni(O2) with hexafluoroacetone gives (ButNC)2[graphic omitted], which forms a 1 : 1 adduct with (CF3)2CO, and readily transfer oxygen to diethyl ether forming (ButNC)2[graphic omitted].
A metamaterial surface for compact cavity resonators (2004)

We suggest an idea for miniaturization of cavities by utilizing a properly designed metamaterial thin surface inserted inside the cavities. This metamaterial surface is constituted by a thin dielectric slab on both sides of which "gangbuster" dipoles are printed. Inserting the thin slab inside a parallel-plate one-dimensional (1D) cavity resonator has the effect of decreasing the resonant frequency. Placing the metamaterial slab at the center of a rectangular waveguide lowers the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode of the waveguide also. The corresponding dispersion curve exhibits a smooth transition from a fast-wave to a slow-wave regime and then asymptotically tends to the dispersion curve of the first TE surface-wave mode of the metamaterial slab. This suggests a natural way to conceive a 3D compact cavity resonator by placing two perfectly electrically conducting walls, a half of the wavelength of the slow-wave mode apart, inside the above rectangular waveguide. The analysis, performed by a circuit network theory and validated by a full-wave numerical analysis, provides simple formulas to predict the resonant frequency and the dispersion diagrams of these structures.
Primary Tumors of the Spine (2007)

Contemporary Spine Surgery: July 2007 - Volume 8 - Issue 7 - p 1-8 doi: 10.1097/01.CSS.0000277317.86700.92