gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of pentoxifylline and related analogues in endotoxemic renal failure. (1991)

Acute kidney dysfunction, manifested by reductions in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate with increased renal vascular resistance, is a common finding in septic shock. In an attempt to halt the progressive renal dysfunction, the hemorheologic methylxanthines, pentoxifylline (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of PTX) and 2 structurally-related analogues, 5 mg/kg of HWA-138 and 5 mg/kg of HWA-448, or saline wee given 7.5 hr after endotoxin infusion in the rat. Renal function, assessed by single-dose inulin clearances (CIN), was measured at 6 hr after the infusion of endotoxin and also 1 hr following the drug treatment. The mean CIN at 6 and 9 hr after endotoxin infusion were 2- and 3-fold decreased compared with control rats given either saline or 5 mg/kg of PTX. Although renal function declined in all rats throughout the study period, the reduction in renal function was markedly slowed in endotoxemic rats given 10 mg/kg of PTX or 5 mg/kg of HWA-448 compared with untreated controls (74 +/- 9% and 77 +/- 9 vs. 47 +/- 12% of 6 hr CIN at 9 hr, respectively; P less than 0.01). Similar results were found with single doses of 5 mg/kg of PTX or HWA-138; PTX 1 mg/kg had a modest beneficial effect on renal function. There was no evidence of vascular congestion in endotoxemic kidneys upon histologic examination. These data suggest the potential benefit of PTX and related methylxanthines in stopping progressive renal damage associated with septic shock.
Catalytic Deposition and Grafting of Olefin Polymers into Cellulosic Materials (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Deposition and Grafting of Olefin Polymers into Cellulosic MaterialsD. J. BridgefordCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1962, 1, 1, 45–52Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360001a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i360001a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Lipid structures (1972)

Abstract Much of the function of lipids, as in shortenings, confections, biological membranes, etc., depends on the structures they exhibit, i.e., their crystalline and mesomorphic states. Triglycerides may serve as a point of departure for considering the crystal state of lipids. The three principle cross‐sectional arrangements of long chains‐α, β′ and β‐in which there is kinship to hydrocarbons, offer a major basis for classification. Different crystal forms are rheologically different. Complications in the chain length direction lead to stepped configurations in the methyl planes and to double and triple chain length structures. A detailed consideration of the time‐honored melting point alternation of homologs sheds light on the lipid crystal picture. A startling feature is the catalysis of isomerization by the solid state of diglycerides, with a consequent shift in equilibrium far toward 100% 1,3‐diglyceride. Stepwise reversible transformations, as in hydrocarbons, are documented for high molecular weight 1‐monoglycerides. A common feature, the sharp drop with mixture of stable form melting points, to “expose” metastable forms as stable forms for intermediate compositions is strikingly exhibited by fatty alcohols. The two bases for mesomorphism, or liquid crystal formation, among lipids are discussed: (1) dichotomy between molecular moieties in degree of polarity, as in phospholipids; and (2) dichotomy in molecular geometry as in cholesteryl esters. The former type is associated with three main basic arrangements‐smectic or lamellar, middle or hexagonal (normal and reversed), and viscous isotropic or cubic (normal and reversed). The latter is associated with two main arrangements‐cholesteric (essentially limited to cholesteryl compounds) and smectic. The importance of mesomorphism in consideration of membranes and emulsions is emphasized. Developments in understanding the structures of interfacial lipid states (including monomolecular surface films) and the correspondence of interfacial with bulk states is a matter of great continuing interest.
SIGNIFICATO ANATOMO CLINICO E PROGNOSI A DISTANZA DELLE METASTASI LINFONODALI DEI CARCINOMI OCCULTI TIROIDEI (1974)

A study performed on 40 patients with occurrence of thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes yields the following: thyroid tissue found in a lymph node represents metastatic thyroid cancer; papillary carcinoma constituted 95% of all cases; a sex predominance was no manifest; the mean age was 42 yr; distant metastases were present in 10.5% of cases, but prognosis was not modified significantly; only 3 patients died and only one from metastatic thyroid cancer; the survival from surgical operation was high: more than 10 years in 17 cases (42.5%), and higher from the first symptoms (40 yr in one case); papillary carcinoma was characterized by 'ground glass nucleus'; in 81.5% of all cases, calcospherites and calcifications were present; the occurrence of atypic and giant cells was correlated with a worse prognosis
Interstitial redundancy: an area efficient fault tolerance scheme for large area VLSI processor arrays (1988)

In the proposed scheme, spare PEs are located at interstitial sites within the array. Each spare can functionally replace any one of the neighboring primary PEs that are connected to it. Because spares are physically close to the PE that they replace, restructured interconnections are short, minimizing performance degradation. This structure can incorporate different levels of redundancy depending on how many of the interstitial sites are used to locate spares, and also how many spares are placed at each site. The author gives a polynomial time algorithm for assigning operational spares to failed primary PEs. He also gives area efficient layouts for such structures, and designs for implementing the switching network needed for reconfiguration. A procedure for deciding the optimum level of redundancy so as to maximize chip area utilization is also shown. The main attractive features of interstitial redundancy are short (fixed length) PE interconnections and high utilization of failure-free PEs. The analysis shows that for a wide range of array sizes and PE survival probabilities, 45-55 percent utilization of failure-free PEs on the chip can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Contactless transport of acoustically levitated particles (2010)

We present herein a method for the acoustic translation of solid particles of waterlike density in air, by employing a single transducer and controlling the pressure field through regulation of the distance between the reflector and the radiating plate. The levitation and translation of polystyrene particles over a length of 37 mm (approximately 37 particle diameters) were experimentally demonstrated, numerically modeled, and explained. The results of the model show quantitatively how the acoustic pressure distribution inside the levitator chamber and the position of the potential nodes depend on the distance between reflector and radiating plate when the plate is driven in a flexural resonance mode. This phenomenon significantly extends the range of applications of acoustic levitation.
Dipolmomente und Struktur von Carbodiimiden (1963)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß die in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln gemessenen Dipolmomente para‐ und metasubstituierter Diphenylcarbodiimide RC 6 H 4 ‐N=C=NC 6 H 4 R(R = H‐, CH 3 ‐, Cl‐) mit einer “Allenstruktur” dieser Moleküle übereinstimmen. Der Valenzwinkel CN=C beträgt ∼ 120°. Der Beitrag einzelner Bindungsmomente und der atomaren Dipole der Stickstoffatome zum Gesamtmoment wird diskutiert.
Conformational Preferences of a 14-Residue Fibrillogenic Peptide from Acetylcholinesterase (2010)

A 14-residue fragment from near the C-terminus of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is believed to have a neurotoxic/neurotrophic effect acting via an unknown pathway. While the peptide is alpha-helical in the full-length enzyme, the structure and association mechanism of the fragment are unknown. Using multiple molecular dynamics simulations, starting from a tetrameric complex of the association domain of AChE and systematically disassembled subsets that include the peptide fragment, we show that the fragment is incapable of retaining its helicity in solution. Extensive replica exchange Monte Carlo folding and unfolding simulations in implicit solvent with capped and uncapped termini failed to converge to any consistent cluster of structures, suggesting that the fragment remains largely unstructured in solution under the conditions considered. Furthermore, extended molecular dynamics simulations of two steric zipper models show that the peptide is likely to form a zipper with antiparallel sheets and that peptides with mutations known to prevent fibril formation likely do so by interfering with this packing. The results demonstrate how the local environment of a peptide can stabilize a particular conformation.
PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS BY WATER‐SOLUBLE PHTHALOCYANINES * (1986)

Abstract— Phthalocyanines are efficient photosensitizers of cultured mammalian cells and are considered for use in photodynamic therapy. The photobiological properties of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine sulfonate (AIPCS) were compared to those of the unsubstituted, water‐insoluble derivative (AIPC). The development of photosensitization after addition of the dye into growth medium is ca . 8 times more rapid for AlPC than for AIPCS. Conversely, the loss of photosensitization when cells are incubated in a dye‐free growth medium following a period of dye uptake, is also faster for AIPC. The dye uptake followed a kinetic behavior similar to the development of photosensitivity, but the loss of dye was too slow for both AlPC and AIPCS to explain loss of photosensitivity. When cells are incubated prior to illumination with AIPCS in phosphate buffered saline instead of growth medium, shorter time and smaller amount of dye are required to achieve the same level of photosensitization. The dependence of photosensitivity on dye concentration is linear for both AIPC and AIPCS. As already found for AIPC, photosensitization by the water‐soluble derivative is also not enhanced in D 2 O, suggesting that singlet oxygen is not involved in the cytotoxic response. Sodium salicylate, which was found to enhance the effect of AlPC was also effective with AIPCS. This effect is quite specific since the meta and para isomers had no effect. The metal atom complexed with the phthalocyanine ring is significant for the photobiological activity. Among the compounds tested, those containing Al or Zn are most active.
Transaction Remote Release (TRR): A New Anonymization Technology for Bitcoin (2015)

The anonymity of the Bitcoin system has some shortcomings. Analysis of Transaction Chain (ATC) and Analysis of Bitcoin Protocol and Network (ABPN) are two important methods of deanonymizing bitcoin transactions. Nowadays, there are some anonymization methods to combat ATC but there has been little research into ways to counter ABPN. This paper proposes a new anonymization technology called Transaction Remote Release (TRR). Inspired by The Onion Router (TOR), TRR is able to render several typical attacking methods of ABPN ineffective. Furthermore, the performance of encryption and decryption of TRR is good and the growth rate of the cipher is very limited. Hence, TRR is suited for practical applications.
Design and In Vitro Studies of Nitric Oxide Releasing Glucose Sensor Membranes (2019)

Implantable glucose sensors that continuously monitor blood/tissue glucose concentrations would help alleviate the challenges associated with blood glucose management for diabetics. Release of nitric oxide (NO), a potent biological gas, into the tissue surrounding an implantable device is a viable way to lower tissue inflammation, encourage local wound healing, and ultimately improve in vivo glucose sensor performance. However, simultaneously achieving optimal analytical performance of the sensor and NO-release properties is challenging because the application of a NO-releasing membrane diminishes sensor sensitivity.
Immunotherapy of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tumors with monoclonal anti-Lyt-1 antibodies. (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies against the T cell differentiation antigen Lyt-1 were effective in the therapy of transplanted mouse tumors. A possible mechanism whereby anti-Lyt-1 antibodies directly bind and affect the tumor cells was excluded by the following findings: a) growth of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tumors (which lack Lyt-1 antigen) was affected by anti-Lyt-1 antibodies; and b) the curative effect of passively administered anti-Lyt-1 anti-bodies was abrogated in mice depleted of T cells, supporting a mechanism whereby host Lyt-1+ cells were involved in tumor therapy. Treatment with anti-Lyt-1 antibodies was not accompanied by depletion of Lyt-1+ cells from lymphoid organs, indicating that the administered antibodies altered Lyt-1+ cell functions without affecting their frequency. In view of the in vitro enhancing effects of anti-Lyt-1 antibodies on a variety of immune responses (including lymphokine secretion and generation of cytotoxic T cell), it is suggested that the potentiation of Lyt-1+ cell activity by passively administered anti-Lyt-1 antibodies results in tumor rejection.
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Clinical Judgment in Emergency Diagnosis of Heart Failure (2002)

The evaluation of acute dyspnea would be improved with the addition of BNP testing to clinical judgment in the emergency department.
An Adaptive Model to Monitor Chlorophyll-a in Inland Waters in Southern Quebec Using Downscaled MODIS Imagery (2014)

The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of an adaptive model (AM) in estimating chlorophyll‑a concentration (Chl‑a) in optically complex inland waters. Chl‑a modeling using remote sensing data is usually based on a single model that generally follows an exponential function. The estimates produced by such models are relatively accurate at high Chl‑a concentrations, but accuracy drops at low concentrations. Our objective was to develop an approach combining spectral response classification and three semi-empirical algorithms. The AM discriminates between three blooming classes (waters poorly, moderately, and highly loaded in Chl‑a), with discrimination thresholds set using the classification and regression tree (CART) technique. The calibration of three specific estimators for each class was achieved using a multivariate stepwise regression. Compared to published models (Floating Algae Index, Kahru model, and APProach by ELimination) using the same data set, the AM provided better Chl‑a concentration estimates (R2 of 0.96, relative RMSE of 23%, relative Bias of −2%, and a relative NASH criterion of 0.9). Moreover, the AM achieved an overall success rate of 67% in the estimation of blooming classes (corresponding to low, moderate, and high Chl‑a concentration classes). This was done using an independent data set collected from 22 inland water bodies for the period 2007–2010 and for which the only information available was the blooming class.
Gut microbial β-glucuronidases reactivate estrogens as components of the estrobolome that reactivate estrogens (2019)

Gut microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes have been suggested to be involved in the estrobolome, the collection of microbial reactions involving estrogens. Furthermore, bacterial GUS enzymes within the gastrointestinal tract have been postulated to be a contributing factor in hormone-driven cancers. However, to date, there has been no experimental evidence to support these hypotheses. Here we provide the first in vitro analysis of the ability of 35 human gut microbial GUS enzymes to reactivate two distinct estrogen glucuronides, estrone-3-glucuronide and estradiol-17-glucuronide, to estrone and estradiol, respectively. We show that certain members within the Loop 1, mini-Loop 1, and FMN-binding classes of gut microbial GUS enzymes can reactivate estrogens from their inactive glucuronides. We provide molecular details of key interactions that facilitate these catalytic processes and present the structures of two novel human gut microbial GUS enzymes related to the estrobolome. Further, we demonstrate that estrogen reactivation by Loop 1 bacterial GUS enzymes can be inhibited both in purified enzymes and in fecal preparations of mixed murine fecal microbiota. Finally, however, despite these in vitro and ex vivo data, we show that a Loop 1 GUS-specific inhibitor is not capable of reducing the development of tumors in the PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. These findings validate that gut microbial GUS enzymes participate in the estrobolome but also suggest that the estrobolome is a multidimensional set of processes on-going within the mammalian gastrointestinal tract that likely involves many enzymes, including several distinct types of GUS proteins.
One-Wire Line System for Transmitting Energy or Information (2012)

There are three well known types of wire lines for t ransmitting electrical energy or information: the ordinary two wires line (below A-Line); the so-called single-wire line, where ground is in the role of the second wire; three phase system. This article presents a new electric transmission system named B-Line which uses one line only and does not use ground. One-Wire method is working on all frequencies of power and communication systems. The article indication t hat this idea allows to construct: o ne wire electric line (B- Line) with any voltage with small corona discharge, single- poles generator, three phase system without neutral wire, high frequency long line, performed using one wire only, one wire antenna, which is equivalent to double dipole (MB Antenna). Keywords—Electrical lines, One-Wire system, three phase s ystem, corona discharge, single-poles generator, MB antenna
"A Bug's Life" Visualizing a Bug Database (2007)

Visualization has long been accepted as a viable means to comprehend large amounts of information. Especially in the context of software evolution a well-designed visualization is crucial to be able to cope with the sheer data that needs to be analyzed. Many approaches have been investigated to visualize evolving systems, but most of them focus on structural data and are useful to answer questions about the structural evolution of a system. In this paper we consider an often neglected type of information, namely the one provided by bug tracking systems, which store data about the problems that various people, from developers to end users, detected and reported. We first briefly introduce the context by reporting on the particularities of the present data, and then propose two visualizations to render bugs as first-level entities.
Nonblocking real-time garbage collection (2010)

A real-time garbage collector has to fulfill two basic properties: ensure that programs with bounded allocation rates do not run out of memory and provide short blocking times. Even for incremental garbage collectors, two major sources of blocking exist, namely, root scanning and heap compaction. Finding root nodes of an object graph is an integral part of tracing garbage collectors and cannot be circumvented. Heap compaction is necessary to avoid probably unbounded heap fragmentation, which in turn would lead to unacceptably high memory consumption. In this article, we propose solutions to both issues. Thread stacks are local to a thread, and root scanning, therefore, only needs to be atomic with respect to the thread whose stack is scanned. This fact can be utilized by either blocking only the thread whose stack is scanned, or by delegating the responsibility for root scanning to the application threads. The latter solution eliminates blocking due to root scanning completely. The impact of this solution on the execution time of a garbage collector is shown for two different variants of such a root scanning algorithm. During heap compaction, objects are copied. Copying is usually performed atomically to avoid interference with application threads, which could render the state of an object inconsistent. Copying of large objects and especially large arrays introduces long blocking times that are unacceptable for real-time systems. In this article, an interruptible copy unit is presented that implements nonblocking object copy. The unit can be interrupted after a single word move. We evaluate a real-time garbage collector that uses the proposed techniques on a Java processor. With this garbage collector, it is possible to run high-priority hard real-time tasks at 10 kHz parallel to the garbage collection task on a 100 MHz system.
The characterization of short chain branching in polyethylene using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1994)

Abstract The characterization of short chain branching in polyethylene using transmission FTIR spectroscopy is investigated. Traditional methodologies, using the methyl deformation band for qualitative and quantitative analyses, have recognized shortcomings. The methyl and methylene rocking bands, which are more characteristic of short chain branch type, were found to be more useful. Methyl, ethyl, butyl, isobutyl, and hexyl branches are qualitatively and quantitatively characterized in LLDPE copolymers by FTIR spectroscopy. Methyl branches were characterized by an absorbance at 935 cm −1 , ethyl branches at 770 cm −1 , butyl branches at 893 cm −1 , isobutyl branches at 920 cm −1 , and hexyl branches at 888 cm −1 . Fourier self‐deconvolution was used to resolve overlapping bands for ethyl, butyl, and isobutyl branches. Using calibrations derived for LLDPE copolymers from 13 C NMR data, FTIR spectroscopy was also used to characterize LLDPE terpolymers and LDPE resins. The FTIR and NMR data are in qualitative and quantitative agreement. In some cases correction were made to the FTIR results using data obtained from the methyl deformation band. The FTIR technique is less costly and faster than NMR spectroscopy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Grand Prairies of Texas (1951)

Welcome to the Grand Prairies of Central Texas. They were first so called by that grand old man of early Texas geology, Dr. Robert T. Hill. These prairies offer no spectacular, breath-taking landmarks to the viewing eye. They offer only a broad vista of rolling prairie hills. Yet this can be a thrilling vista, once you know the details of its history back into remote antiquity.
Über Benzoxazol‐Derivate (1922)

Wasserstoff 1.5-2.1 OlO zu wenig, so daB sie etwas anderes in Hlnden gehabt haben durften.