gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell death in the superficial dorsal horn in a model of neuropathic pain (2001)

The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of apoptotic cell death in the dorsal horn of the adult rat spinal cord following chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve and to correlate this with behavioural responses. Six groups of six rats were used as follows: 1) CCI, 2) CCI, 3) MK801 + CCI, 4) axotomy, 5) sham, and 6) naive. Group 1 animals were behaviourally tested for thermal hyperalgesia 8 days following surgery and sacrificed and the spinal cords removed and frozen. The rest of the groups underwent the same procedure 14 days following surgery. The lumbar region of the spinal cord was cryosectioned and the incidence of apoptotic cells investigated using the TUNEL technique plus Hoechst double labelling. By 8 days post-CCI, hyperalgesia had developed in the ipsilateral paw, which was still present 14 days after the injury compared to the contralateral paw and naive and sham animals. Preemptive MK-801 prevented the onset of hyperalgesia. Significant numbers of apoptotic cells were present in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord 8 and 14 days following CCI compared to the contralateral side and to naive and sham animals. Preemptive treatment with MK-801 reduced the extent of apoptosis resulting from CCI to the level seen in control animals. This study demonstrates that cells undergo apoptosis as a result of CCI simultaneous with the occurrence of hyperalgesia. Furthermore, MK-801 prevents the onset of hyperalgesia and reduces the extent of apoptotic cell death, suggesting, perhaps, that apoptosis contributes to the initiation/maintenance of hyperalgesia.
A frequency conversion scheme for an advanced portable microwave spectrum analyzer (2002)

A block diagram with an unusually high-frequency IF system, resulting in a high-performance spectrum analyzer, is described. The phase noise and short-term frequency stability are not seriously degraded, and the sensitivity is enhanced at high center frequencies. This technique also has applications in modern receivers. Although advanced technology has been applied to all the noted characteristics of spectrum analyzers, the greatest gain has been made with the high local oscillator (LO) frequency. This has been accomplished without degrading overall phase noise or short-term frequency stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal conductivity behavior of boron carbides (1985)

Knowledge of the thermal conductivity of boron carbide is necessary to evaluate its potential for high-temperature thermoelectric energy conversion applications. We have measured the thermal diffusivity of hot-pressed boron carbide ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{x}}$C samples as a function of composition (4\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}9), temperature (300--1700 K), and temperature cycling. These data, in concert with density and specific-heat data, yield the thermal conductivities of these materials. We discuss the results in terms of a structural model that has been previously advanced by two of us (D.E. and C.W.) to explain the electronic transport data. Some novel mechanisms for thermal conduction are briefly discussed.
Brain Reactive Autoantibodies and Cognitive Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1994)

Nervous system involvement in SLE encompasses a wide array of clinical manifestations which may reflect multiple etiologic factors including autoantibodies to nervous tissue antigens. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between autoantibodies to a wide range of brain antigens and cognitive abnormalities in an unselected population of 70 SLE patients. Using a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests, cognitive impairment was identified in 15/70 (21%) SLE patients compared with 1/25 (4%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 1/23 (4%) healthy subjects (P = 0.04). Integral membrane proteins were isolated from dissociated brain cells by temperature-induced phase separation with Triton X-114. Synaptosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation and membrane enriched fractions were prepared by lectin affinity chromatography. Western blotting identified IgG reactivity to a wide range of proteins (MW 22-52 K) in SLE patients. The proteins identified were distinct from well-characterized intracellular antigens including ribosomal P proteins. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anti-brain antibodies between SLE patients who were cognitively impaired and those who were not impaired. Furthermore, there was no association between the presence of autoantibodies and subsets of cognitive dysfunction. These results suggest that circulating autoantibodies to brain antigens are not responsible for the abnormalities in cognitive function in SLE patients.
Diagnostic Imaging in Implant Dentistry (2010)

Dental implants have revolutionized the field of dentistry. Its immense popularity and wide acceptance has led to a point, where it has become a part of routine treatment plan in oral rehabilitation. For the success of implants, a presurgical treatment planning is of utmost importance. To aid this, diagnostic imaging plays a vital role. There are various modalities of imaging which will aid in placing the implant in an appropriate location with relative ease and also get a predictable outcome. This article focuses on the various imaging modalities available currently and their clinical applications. Modalities described are intraoral radiography, cephalometric radiography, panoramic radiography, conventional tomography, computed tomography, cone-beam CT and magnetic resonance imaging. The final selection of one these imaging modalities are dependent on the operator choice based on the patients need.
Three-dimensional ordered patterns by light interference (1995)

Based on numerical simulation it is found that three-dimensional periodic patterns with micrometer or submicrometer lattice constants, such as those with simple cubic, face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, or body-centered tetragonal symmetry, can be formed by use of multiple laser beam interference. Changes in the number and angle of the incident beams result in different spatial patterns, whereas variation of the incident wavelength affects only the lattice constant of the patterns. Face-centered cubic and body-centered tetragonal patterns have been observed experimentally. Our results, combined with the optical trapping of dielectric particles, might provide a promising approach to the realization of a new kind of material-a photonic crystal.
Diverse routing for shared risk resource groups (SRRG) failures in WDM optical networks (2004)

Failure resilience is one of the desired features of the Internet. Most of the traditional restoration architectures are based on single-failure assumption which is unrealistic. Multiple link failure models, in the form of shared-risk link groups (SRLG's) and shared risk node groups (SRNG's) are becoming critical in survivable optical network design. We classify both these form of failures under a common heading of shared-risk resource groups (SRRG) failures. In our research, we propose graph transformation techniques for tolerating multiple failures arising out of shared resource group (SRRG) failures. Diverse routing in such multi-failure scenario essentially necessitates finding out two paths between a source and a destination that are SRRG disjoint. The generalized diverse routing problem has been proved to be NP-complete. The proposed transformation techniques however provide a polynomial time solution for certain restrictive failure sets. We study how restorability can be achieved for dependent or shared risk link failures and multiple node failures and prove the validity of our approach for different network scenarios.
Achieving R0 Resection for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: is It Worth the Risk of Multiorgan Resection?1 (2002)

Resection of two or more adjacent organs in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with a greater risk of developing a complication. The use of a graded surgical complication scale is needed for better reporting and comparison of complications. Achieving an R0 resection should still be considered the goal, even in locally advanced gastric cancer, but resection of additional organs should be performed judiciously.
Weakening thickness dependence of critical current density in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films using nanotube pore insertion (2008)

$\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ films with nanotube pores (YBCO/NTPs) aligned along normal of the film have been fabricated with thickness ranging from $0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}1.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. When compared to YBCO films without NTPs, YBCO/NTP samples show much reduced thickness dependence of the critical current density ${J}_{c}$, in addition to the overall higher ${J}_{c}$ values, in magnetic fields below the matching field of the NTPs. These results suggest that the through-thickness NTPs may provide an enhanced pinning force per vortex length $({F}_{p})$ which remains a constant at various thicknesses.
Estimating the irreversible pressure drop across a stenosis by quantifying turbulence production using 4D Flow MRI (2017)

The pressure drop across a stenotic vessel is an important parameter in medicine, providing a commonly used and intuitive metric for evaluating the severity of the stenosis. However, non-invasive estimation of the pressure drop under pathological conditions has remained difficult. This study demonstrates a novel method to quantify the irreversible pressure drop across a stenosis using 4D Flow MRI by calculating the total turbulence production of the flow. Simulation MRI acquisitions showed that the energy lost to turbulence production can be accurately quantified with 4D Flow MRI within a range of practical spatial resolutions (1-3 mm; regression slope = 0.91, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96). The quantification of the turbulence production was not substantially influenced by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), resulting in less than 2% mean bias at SNR > 10. Pressure drop estimation based on turbulence production robustly predicted the irreversible pressure drop, regardless of the stenosis severity and post-stenosis dilatation (regression slope = 0.956, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96). In vitro validation of the technique in a 75% stenosis channel confirmed that pressure drop prediction based on the turbulence production agreed with the measured pressure drop (regression slope = 1.15, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999, Bland-Altman agreement = 0.75 ± 3.93 mmHg).
Evaluation of the frequency of HLA determinants in patients with gingival overgrowth induced by cyclosporine‐A (1996)

This study has been designed to investigate the immunogenetic susceptibility of Cyclosporine-A (CsA) immunosuppressed renal transplant patients to development of gingival overgrowth, and the amplifying effect of calcium channel blockers on the severity of this clinical entity. 52 renal transplant recipients were selected and initially grouped as follows: group (Gp)1: CsA (n = 7); Gp 2: CsA + verapamil (n = 26); Gp 3: CsA + diltiazem (n = 6); Gp 4: CsA + nifedipine (n = 13). These groups were not found to be significantly different in age, sex, plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), calculus index, periodontal probing depth, serum CsA level, or duration of CsA therapy (p > 0.05). No significant (p > 0.05) additive effect of the calcium channel blockers on the gingival overgrowth (GO) was assessed. The main group (n = 52) was evaluated for the correlations between the clinical and the pharmacological variables and the GO. GI (rs = 0.60) and the periodontal probing depth (rs = 0.71) were found to be moderately correlated with the GO. The patients were regrouped based on the severity of overgrowth and recognized as responders (n = 26) and nonresponders (n = 26). Age, sex, calculus index, serum CsA level, duration of the CsA therapy, were not statistically different among these groups (p > 0.05). PlI, GI, periodontal probing depth, and GO were significantly higher in the responder group (p > 0.05). Analysis of HLA distribution of the responders and the nonresponders and comparison with the controls (n = 3731) revealed that a statistically significant (p < 0.001)% of the nonresponders were positive for HLA-DR1. These data would indicate that an immunogenetic predisposition should be suspected in the pathogenesis of the entity, and that HLA-DR1 would have a protective rôle against gingival overgrowth induced by CsA.
Differential glycosylation of murine B cell and spleen adherent cell Ia antigens. (1981)

Examination of I-A and I-E molecules from purified B cells and splenic adherent cells from various haplotypes revealed a consistent difference in isoelectric focusing (IEF) that has been localized to the alpha-chain. alpa-Chains from B cells appeared heterogeneous and contained acidic IEF bands absent from the adherent cell I-A molecules. No difference in Ia beta-chain or H-2 IEF patterns was observed when B cell and adherent cell preparatios were compared when B cell and adherent cell preparations were compared. I-A alpha-chain preparations from the 2 cell sources showed no differences in 3H-leucine-labeled tryptic peptides separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Digestion with neuraminidase, kinetics of labeling, and subcellular distribution indicated that the extra acidic IEF bands in B cell Ia represent a mature, more heavily sialated form of alpha-chain that is not present in adherent cells. The selective differential glycosylation of B cell and adherent cell Ia could have some relation to the function of those cell types or to cell type-specific recognition of those cells.
Release of Envelope Glycoprotein from Rabies Virions by a Nonionic Detergent (1971)

Treatment of rabies virus with the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40 resulted in solubilization of viral lipids and in a preferential release of the envelope glycoprotein. The other viral proteins and the viral ribonucleic acid remained associated in "core" particles sedimenting at a rate similar to that of intact virions. After fractionation of treated virus by velocity centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient, the amount of residual glycoprotein recovered in the "core" particle fraction and the extent of contamination of the glycoprotein fraction by other viral components were dependent on the ratio of detergent to viral protein used.
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and glycols from carbon dioxide, epoxides and methanol using heterogeneous Mg containing smectite catalysts: effect of reaction variables on activity and selectivity performance (2002)

This paper reports the effect of various reaction variables on the activity and selectivity performance on a two-step synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and glycol from propylene oxide, carbon dioxide and methanol using a heterogeneous Mg containing smectite catalyst. The first step, the reaction of propylene oxide with CO2 to form propylene carbonate, and the second step, the transesterification reaction of the cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate with methanol to DMC and ethylene glycol, have been studied. The catalyst was found to be effective for one-pot synthesis of DMC, i.e. the sequential reaction of the epoxide, CO2 and methanol.
Pharmacology treatment in drug abuse. (1978)

The Bureau of Reclamation will not be able to appraise the land involved in the land exchange program at Theodore Roosevelt National Park. The Bureau of Land Management or a private third party may be able to appraise the land, but at the park's expense.
Suppression of smooth pursuit eye movements induced by electrical stimulation of the monkey frontal eye field (2011)

This study was performed to characterize the properties of the suppression of smooth pursuit eye movement induced by electrical stimulation of the frontal eye field (FEF) in trained monkeys. At the stimulation sites tested, we first determined the threshold for generating electrically evoked saccades (Esacs). We then examined the suppressive effects of stimulation on smooth pursuit at intensities that were below the threshold for eliciting Esacs. We observed that FEF stimulation induced a clear deceleration of pursuit at pursuit initiation and also during the maintenance of pursuit at subthreshold intensities. The suppression of pursuit occurred even in the absence of catch-up saccades during pursuit, indicating that suppression influenced pursuit per se. We mapped the FEF area that was associated with the suppressive effect of stimulation on pursuit. In a wide area in the FEF, suppressive effects were observed for ipsiversive, but not contraversive, pursuit. In contrast, we observed the bilateral suppression of both ipsiversive and contraversive pursuit in a localized area in the FEF. This area coincided with the area in which we have previously shown that stimulation suppressed the generation of saccades in bilateral directions and also where fixation neurons that discharged during fixation were concentrated. On the basis of these results, we compared the FEF suppression of pursuit with that of saccades with regard to several physiological properties and then discussed the role of the FEF in the suppression of both pursuit and saccades, and particularly in the maintenance of visual fixation.
Distributed Utilization Control for Real-Time Clusters with Load Balancing (2006)

Recent years have seen rapid growth of online services that rely on large-scale server clusters to handle high volume of requests. Such clusters must adaptively control the CPU utilizations of many processors in order to maintain desired soft real-time performance and prevent system overload in face of unpredictable workloads. This paper presents DUC-LB, a novel distributed utilization control algorithm for cluster-based soft real-time applications. Compared to earlier works on utilization control, a distinguishing feature of DUC-LB is its capability to handle system dynamics caused by load balancing, which is a common and essential component of most clusters today. Simulation results and control-theoretic analysis demonstrate that DUCLB can provide robust utilization control and effective load balancing in large-scale clusters.
Asynchronous Source Clock Frequency Recovery through Aperiodic Packet Streams (2013)

We consider the most general case of source clock frequency recovery (SCFR) in packet networks, i.e., asynchronous SCFR through aperiodic packet streams, where there is neither a common reference clock nor any relation between packet generation intervals and a source clock frequency. We formulate the problem of asynchronous SCFR with timestamps as a linear case of regression through the origin (RTO) and propose two schemes, one based on recursive least squares (RLS) method and the other based on simple heuristics of cumulative ratio of interarrival and interdeparture times, which provide better estimates of the source clock frequency with faster convergence than conventional phase-locked loop (PLL)-based schemes.
A Power Management Proxy with a New Best-of-N Bloom Filter Design to Reduce False Positives (2007)

Bloom filters are a probabilistic data structure used to evaluate set membership. A group of hash functions are used to map elements into a bloom filter and to test elements for membership. In this paper, we propose using multiple groups of hash functions and selecting the group that generates the bloom filter instance with the smallest number of bits set to I. We evaluate the performance of this new Best-of-N method using order statistics and an actual implementation. Our analysis shows that significant reduction in the probability of a false positive can be achieved. We also propose and evaluate a new method that uses a random number generator (RNG) to generate multiple hashes from one initial "seed" hash. This RNG method (motivated by a method from Kirsch and Mitzenmacher) makes the computational expense of the Best-of-N method very modest. The target application is a power management proxy for P2P applications executing in a resource-constrained "SmartNIC".
A 0.8 V, 2.6 mW, 88 dB Dual-Channel Audio Delta-Sigma D/A Converter With Headphone Driver (2009)

A 0.8 V third-order multibit DeltaSigma DAC with headphone driver is described. It is the first sub-1 V audio DeltaSigma DAC with integrated on-chip headphone driver. The dual-channel operation in digital section was efficiently realized with a time-interleaved single-channel hardware and extra registers. Using novel DAC architecture suitable for low-voltage operation, the analog section requires only one opamp per channel for the D/A conversion, low-pass filtering, and driving the headphone. Two prototype ICs (separate digital and analog chips), implemented in a 0.35 mum CMOS process, achieved an 88 dB dynamic range, while consuming 2.6 mW from a 0.8 V supply.
Learning socially normative robot navigation behaviors with Bayesian inverse reinforcement learning (2016)

Mobile robots that navigate in populated environments require the capacity to move efficiently, safely and in human-friendly ways. In this paper, we address this task using a learning approach that enables a mobile robot to acquire navigation behaviors from demonstrations of socially normative human behavior. In the past, such approaches have been typically used to learn only simple behaviors under relatively controlled conditions using rigid representations or with methods that scale poorly to large domains. We thus develop a flexible graph-based representation able to capture relevant task structure and extend Bayesian inverse reinforcement learning to use sampled trajectories from this representation. In experiments with a real robot and a large-scale pedestrian simulator, we are able to show that the approach enables a robot to learn complex navigation behaviors of varying degrees of social normativeness using the same set of simple features.
The role of excitotoxicity in neurodegeneration. (2005)

A body of evidence suggests that the mechanisms of excitotoxic neuronal damage evoked by excessive or prolonged activation of the excitatory amino acid receptors may be involved in pathogenesis of brain damage in acute insults and in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we briefly discuss several selected mechanisms of the excitotoxicity, focusing attention on the role of ionotropic glutamate receptors, calcium transients and calcium-mediated cell injury. In the second part of this paper we provide information on elements of excitotoxicity in brain diseases.
Control of amorphous structure and mechanical properties in polyolefin/petroleum resin blends (2005)

ポリオレフィン/石油樹脂ブレンドを溶融結晶化させた後に石油樹脂を抽出することで, 結晶性高分子における非晶相の構造変化およびその力学特性に及ぼす影響を調べた. ポリオレフィンと石油樹脂は混合エントロピーの増大により広い組成域で相溶して融点降下現象が観察された. このブレンド系を溶融結晶化させた後に石油樹脂を抽出しても球晶の内外に空孔が形成されないことから, 石油樹脂はポリオレフィンのラメラ間非晶領域に存在して, その中に存在する石油樹脂が抽出されたと考えられる. 石油樹脂の抽出によって, ヤング率, 降伏応力および降伏ひずみが低下することが見いだされた. これは非晶領域における分子鎖のからみ合いやタイ分子の存在密度が低下したことによるものであろう.