gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New spectral Lanczos decomposition method for induction modeling in arbitrary 3-D geometry (1999)

Abstract Traditional resistivity tools are designed to function in vertical wells. In horizontal well environments, the interpretation of resistivity logs becomes much more difficult because of the nature of 3-D effects such as highly deviated bed boundaries and invasion. The ability to model these 3-D effects numerically can greatly facilitate the understanding of tool response in different formation geometries. Three-dimensional modeling of induction tools requires solving Maxwell's equations in a discrete setting, either finite element or finite difference. The solutions of resulting discretized equations are computationally expensive, typically on the order of 30 to 60 minutes per log point on a workstation. This is unacceptable if the 3-D modeling code is to be used in interpreting induction logs. In this paper we propose a new approach for solutions to Maxwell's equations. The new method is based on the spectral Lanczos decomposition method (SLDM) with Krylov subspaces generated from the inverse powers of the Maxwell operator. This new approach significantly speeds up the convergence of standard SLDM for the solution of Maxwell's equations while retaining the advantages of standard SLDM such as the ability of solving for multiple frequencies and eliminate completely spurious modes. The cost of evaluating powers of the matrix inverse of the stiffness operator is effectively equivalent to the cost of solving a scalar Poisson's equation. This is achieved by a decomposition of the stiffness operator into the curl-free and divergence-free projections. The solution of the projections can be computed by discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) and preconditioned conjugate gradient iterations. The convergence rate of the new method improves as frequency decreases, which makes it more attractive for low-frequency applications. We apply the new solution technique to model induction logging in geophysical prospecting applications, giving rise to two orders of magnitude convergence improvement over the standard Krylov subspace approach and more than an order of magnitude speed-up in terms of overall execution. This makes it feasible to routinely use 3-D modeling for model-based interpretation, a break-through in induction logging and interpretation.
Can the Bispectral Index Monitor Quantify Altered Level of Consciousness in Emergency Department Patients? (2003)

BIS monitoring does not reliably correlate with GCS in ED patients with ALOC, and does not appear to have potential to accurately quantify impairment of consciousness in this setting.
A sign-error algorithm for blind equalization of real signals (2002)

The two criteria most commonly used in blind equalization are Sato's (1975) cost function and Godard's (1980) cost function. We analyze a sign-error cost function for real signals which gives an error term that can be viewed as the sign of either the Sato or the Godard error. We show that the conventional definition of equalizer convergence is not suitable for analyzing this cost function. A more realistic definition of convergence for low to medium SNR situations is presented and used to analyze this sign-error cost function. The performance of this cost function is evaluated via simulations and shown to have excellent performance as compared to the Godard cost function, with substantially less complexity.
Image and Image-Set Modeling Using a Mixture Model (2008)

Modeling an image or an image-set, which share similar visual contents, by means of a discrete distribution (such as a signature) or by means of a mixture model (such as a Gaussian mixture-model) has a major utility, and may serve as a basis for Content Based Image Retrieval and other related areas. Mixture model can encode information about color, texture, and spatial relationships between colored/textured regions. Image modeling is used in several tasks, such as Image retrieval, Automatic annotation, Unsupervised or Semi-supervised Clustering. Linear optimization techniques offer a reliable and efficient way to compute distance, in both cases, discrete distributions and mixture models. Linear optimization can be also used for modeling image-sets, by computing a mixture model that minimizes distances.
A Mood-based Genre Classification of Television Content (2015)

The classification of television content helps users organise and navigate through the large list of channels and programs now available. In this paper, we address the problem of television content classification by exploiting text information extracted from program transcriptions. We present an analysis which adapts a model for sentiment that has been widely and successfully applied in other fields such as music or blog posts. We use a real-world dataset obtained from the Boxfish API to compare the performance of classifiers trained on a number of different feature sets. Our experiments show that, over a large collection of television content, program genres can be represented in a three-dimensional space of valence, arousal and dominance, and that promising classification results can be achieved using features based on this representation. This finding supports the use of the proposed representation of television content as a feature space for similarity computation and recommendation generation.
Immunoglobulin-Gene Rearrangements as Unique Clonal Markers in Human Lymphoid Neoplasms (1983)

Immunoglobulin genes in their germ-line form are separated DNA subsegments that must be joined by means of recombinations during B-cell development. Individual immunoglobulin-gene rearrangements are specific for a given B cell and its progeny. We show that the detection of such gene rearrangements by Southern hybridization provides a sensitive marker for both clonality and B-cell lineage within lymphoid tissues lacking expression of definitive surface phenotypes. We have used these genetic markers in three ways: to establish a diagnosis of lymphoma in a neoplastic disorder of uncertain cell type, to show that some lymphomas that were previously classified as being of T-cell type in fact contain monoclonal B cells, and to detect clonal B-cell populations within lymphomatous tissues of uncertain immunotype and within an atypical lymphofollicular hyperplasia having no other clonal surface markers. These sensitive and unique indicators of clonality located directly at the DNA level are capable of providing insights into the cellular origin, early detection, and natural history of neoplasia.
Inhibition of Growth of B16 Murine Melanoma Cells by Novel Spermine Analogues (1996)

To develop new cytotoxins, which could find use as anti-cancer agents, polyamine conjugates were synthesized containing spermine and an anthracene or acridine unit. Spermine is known to groove-bind to DNA; anthracene and acridine are known to intercalate. It was hoped that these polyamine-polyaromatic conjugates would use both modes of binding.

Studies of growth inhibition of B16 murine melanoma cells showed the conjuates to be more effective than either spermine, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid or acridine-9-carboxylic acid, and of the conjugates, the acridine derivative showed greatest activity.
Low noise, permanently adjusted UHF SQUID magnetometer (1975)

We report the development of a simple 450MHz SQUID magnetometer, utilizing a symmetric two-hole permanently adjusted point contact SQUID ring. One hole of the SQUID ring is coupled to the center conductor of a resonant superconducting coaxial cavity. A superconducting coil, inserted into the other hole, allows us to couple an external flux into the SQUID system. The sensitivity is an order of magnitude better than that attained with identical SQUID rings biased at ∼10MHz. We show that this improvement can be achieved simply and relatively inexpensively, and without sacrificing the excellent flux coupling attainable with such SQUID rings.
Altered protein tyrosine phosphorylation in anergic Th1 cells. (1993)

Clonal anergy as a mechanism for tolerance in T lymphocytes can be studied using an in vitro culture system, in which cloned CD4+ Th1-type murine T cells are rendered anergic for IL-2 transcription. The long-lasting molecular changes in anergic cells that prevent the response to Ag restimulation are not yet known. To determine whether the TCR might be uncoupled from normal intracellular signaling pathways, we investigated the response of anergic T cells to Ag, to anti-CD3 antibodies, or to anti-CD4 antibody restimulation in terms of early protein tyrosine phosphorylation events. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD3 zeta chain was apparently normal. In contrast, defects in the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of three major T cell protein substrates were demonstrated. Altered phosphorylation correlated with functional nonresponsiveness for proliferation and reversal of anergy by growth in exogenous IL-2 resulted in reversal of the phosphorylation defects as well as in recovery of Ag responsiveness. These results suggest that specific defects in tyrosine phosphorylation pathways required for the induction of IL-2 synthesis may help to explain nonresponsiveness to Ag in tolerant T cells.
PASSCoDe: Parallel ASynchronous Stochastic dual Co-ordinate Descent (2015)

Stochastic Dual Coordinate Descent (SDCD) has become one of the most efficient ways to solve the family of $\ell_2$-regularized empirical risk minimization problems, including linear SVM, logistic regression, and many others. The vanilla implementation of DCD is quite slow; however, by maintaining primal variables while updating dual variables, the time complexity of SDCD can be significantly reduced. Such a strategy forms the core algorithm in the widely-used LIBLINEAR package. In this paper, we parallelize the SDCD algorithms in LIBLINEAR. In recent research, several synchronized parallel SDCD algorithms have been proposed, however, they fail to achieve good speedup in the shared memory multi-core setting. In this paper, we propose a family of asynchronous stochastic dual coordinate descent algorithms (ASDCD). Each thread repeatedly selects a random dual variable and conducts coordinate updates using the primal variables that are stored in the shared memory. We analyze the convergence properties when different locking/atomic mechanisms are applied. For implementation with atomic operations, we show linear convergence under mild conditions. For implementation without any atomic operations or locking, we present the first {\it backward error analysis} for ASDCD under the multi-core environment, showing that the converged solution is the exact solution for a primal problem with perturbed regularizer. Experimental results show that our methods are much faster than previous parallel coordinate descent solvers.
Chain transfer in ethylene polymerization. VI. The effect of pressure (1970)

Abstract The chain‐transfer reaction, which controls the molecular weight level of the polymer, apparently has not been studied as a function of pressure for ethylene. Therefore, the chain‐transfer constants for eleven transfer agents were determined at 1360 and 2380 atm at 130°C. The results were interpreted according to transition‐state theory as the difference between the volumes of activation for the transfer and propagation steps. It was found that the effect of pressure on the transfer constant is small for most transfer agents, indicating that the volumes of activation for hydrogen abstraction and addition to the ethylene double bond are similar. Aralkanes, however, gave anomalous results.
Modification and Anticorrosion Property of Carbon Steel with TiO2 Film (2005)

A new TiO2-modified film on carbon steel was prepared by electroless plating and sol-gel composite process. An artificial neural net was used to optimize the preparing condition of the film. The optimized condition of the TiO2-modified film on carbon steel is as follows: plating time of NiP is 50 min, number of dip coating is 4,heat treatment time is 2 h, and the molar ratio of complexing reagent to Ti(OC4 H9 )4 is 1.5: 1. Corrosion behavior of carbon steel with coating was investigated by polarization resistance measurement, anode polarization, EIS and ESEM measurement. XPS was used to characterize the element valence of the modified film. Results show that carbon steel with TiO2-modified film has good corrosion resistance in 0.5 mol/L of H2 SO4 solution and 0.5 mol/L of NaCl solution. It is also found that the preparing condition of forming TiO2-modified film can be obtained easily by the artificial neural net.
JNK- and p38 Kinase-mediated Phosphorylation of Bax Leads to Its Activation and Mitochondrial Translocation and to Apoptosis of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells (2006)

Mitochondrial translocation of pro-apoptotic Bax prior to apoptosis is well established after treatment with many cell death stimulants or under apoptosis-inducing conditions. The mechanism of mitochondrial translocation of Bax is, however, still unknown. The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism of Bax activation and mitochondrial translocation to initiate apoptosis of human hepatoma HepG2 and porcine kidney LLC-PK1 cells exposed to various cell death agonists. Phosphorylation of Bax by JNK and p38 kinase activated after treatment with staurosporine, H(2)O(2), etoposide, and UV light was demonstrated by the shift in the pI value of Bax on two-dimensional gels and confirmed by metabolic labeling with inorganic [(32)P]phosphate in HepG2 cells. Specific inhibitors of JNK and p38 kinase significantly inhibited Bax phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. A specific small interfering RNA to MAPKK4 (the upstream protein kinase of JNK and p38 kinase) markedly decreased the levels of MAPKK4 and MAPKK3/6, blocked the activation of JNK or p38 kinase, and inhibited Bax phosphorylation. However, the negative control small interfering RNA did not cause these changes. Confocal microscopy of various Bax mutants showed differential rates of mitochondrial translocation of Bax before and after staurosporine treatment. Among the Bax mutants, T167D did not translocate to mitochondria after staurosporine exposure, suggesting that Thr(167) is a potential phosphorylation site. In conclusion, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that Bax is phosphorylated by stress-activated JNK and/or p38 kinase and that phosphorylation of Bax leads to mitochondrial translocation prior to apoptosis.
Application of Herbicides in Foam (1970)

We constructed a foam applicator capable of creating 300 to 400 gal of foam from 1 gal of water. The equipment was successful for applying herbicides in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Stoneville 213) and soybeans (Glycine max Merr., var. Lee) after emergence. Weed control was equal with applications in foam as compared to conventional applications in water sprays. Foam production was highly dependent on the type and concentration of surfactant used. Various additives increased foam persistence in laboratory studies. However, for maximum effectiveness under field conditions, additives are needed that are more effective in increasing foam persistence than the ones evaluated.
Low propagation loss AlGaAs waveguides fabricated with plasma-assisted photoresist reflow (2014)

We report low-loss deep-etch AlGaAs optical waveguides fabricated with nitrogen plasma-assisted photoresist reflow. The simultaneous application of a nitrogen plasma and heat is used to reduce the line edge roughness of patterned photoresist and limit the lateral spread of the photoresist patterns of submicron-scale waveguides. Comparison of the edge roughness of the etched sidewalls between the as-developed and smoothed photoresist etch samples show a reduction of the RMS roughness from 3.39±0.17 nm to 1.39±0.03 nm. The reduction in propagation loss is verified by measured waveguide loss as a function of waveguide widths. A 0.65-μm wide waveguide with a modal area of 0.4 μm(2) is fabricated with a propagation loss as low as 1.20±0.13 dB/cm for the transverse-electric mode.
[Prognostic significance of CD57+ cell level and pTNM staying system in patients with laryngeal cancer]. (2001)

These results suggested that the assessment of pTNM system and the CD57+ cells level have significance for prognosis of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
Physical limitations of antennas in a lossy medium (2003)

The dissipated power and the directivity of antennas in a homogeneous, lossy medium are systematically analyzed in this paper. The antennas are ideal and located inside a lossless sphere. In the lossy space outside the sphere, the electromagnetic ﬁelds are expanded in a complete set of vector wave functions. The optimal values of the radiation eﬃciency, the directivity, as well as the power gain are derived.
IBM Intelligent Bricks project—Petabytes and beyond (2006)

This paper provides an overview of the Intelligent Bricks project in progress at IBM Research. It describes common problems faced by data center operators and proposes a comprehensive solution based on brick architectures. Bricks are hardware building blocks. Because of certain properties, defined here, scalable and reliable systems can be built with collections of identical bricks. An important feature is that brick-based systems must survive the failure of any brick without requiring human intervention, as long as most bricks are operational. This simplifies system management and allows very dense and very scalable systems to be built. A prototype storage server in the form of a 3 × 3 × 3 array of bricks, capable of storing 26 TB, is operational at the IBM Almaden Research Center. It successfully demonstrates the concepts of the Intelligent Bricks architecture. The paper describes this implementation of brick architectures based on newly developed communication and cooling technologies, the software developed, and techniques for building very reliable systems from low-cost bricks, and it discusses the performance and the future of intelligent brick systems.
A feed is only as good as its ingredients ? a review of ingredient evaluation strategies for aquaculture feeds (2007)

The evaluation of feed ingredients is crucial to nutritional research and feed development for aquaculture species. In evaluating ingredients for use in aquaculture feeds, there are several important knowledge components that should be understood to enable the judicious use of a particular ingredient in feed formulation. This includes information on (1) ingredient digestibilities, (2) ingredient palatability and (3) nutrient utilization and interference. Diet design, feeding strategy, faecal collection method and method of calculation all have important implications on the determination of the digestible value of nutrients from any ingredient. There are several ways in which palatability of ingredients can be assessed, usually based on variable inclusion levels of the ingredient in question in a reference diet and feeding of those diets under an apparent satietal or self-regulating feeding regimes. However, the design of the diets, the parameters of assessment and the feeding regime can all be subject to variation depending on subtleties of the experimental design. Clearly, issues relating to feed intake are the key performance criteria in palatability assessments, and it is important that such experiments maintain sufficient stringency to allow some self-discrimination of the test feeds by the fish. The ability of fish to use nutrients from the test ingredient, or defining factors that interfere with that process, is perhaps the most complex and variable part of the ingredient evaluation process. It is crucial to discriminate effects on feed intake from effects on utilization of nutrients from ingredients (for growth and other metabolic processes). To allow an increased focus on nutrient utilization by the animals, there are several experimental strategies that can be adopted, which are based on variations in diet design and feeding regime used. Other issues such as ingredient functionality, influence on immune status and effects on organoleptic qualities are also important consideration in determining the value of ingredients in aquaculture feed formulations. A key aspect to note is the need to design all experiments with sufficient experimental capacity to detect significant effects.
Technology Focus: Hydraulic Fracturing (June 2020) (2020)

A good design of a multistage-fracture (MSF) treatment must be implemented effectively to ensure expected production from a fracture treatment. Knowing that downhole tools are correctly deployed and function as planned in MSF, therefore, is important. The setting of packers, opening and closing of frac ports, shifting of frac sleeves, and isolating with ball drops in openhole assemblies are some of the many major events that need to be monitored closely to ensure smooth operations. As such, wellbore pressure is monitored at surface and is the primary method for deter-mining if tools are functioning properly and if the stimulation program is being executed correctly. As wellbores become longer, numerous fracturing stages are conducted on a single wellbore, and multiple service companies are involved on site to support a successful stimulation program, pinpointing issues or challenges when they arise becomes more difficult - particularly if the pressure signature is unclear, hard to interpret, or not present at all. These ambiguities can lead to treatment uncertainty, costly delays, or huge remedial efforts. Being uncertain and missing out on a few stages in the treatment can have major effects on production, ultimate recovery, and the overall field-development plan. A new real-time-visualization (RTV) technology combined with high-resolution pressure reading and acoustic sensors is being used to overcome operational difficulties and to optimize stimulation efforts by reducing uncertainty. The RTV technology has a minimal surface footprint, can be deployed rapidly, is self-contained, and does not interfere with concurrent on-site operations. The use of this technology significantly improves the entire fracturing process, thereby optimizing well production. RTV has been used in more than 10 countries, proving to be an effective tool for confirming successful operations or expediting the troubleshooting of operational issues. In one case, an operator was facing challenges in establishing connectivity with the reservoir when a toe sleeve failed to open. The RTV and acoustic system provided the operator valuable insight; the problematic sleeve was identified and opened with a coiled-tubing-deployed ball-seat activator immediately, preventing a remedial operation of milling out the entire completion system, which would have been very costly. RTV has also been used offshore. Monitoring an openhole multistage stimulation system that was using ball-activated sliding sleeves, the RTV system confirmed all critical events, such as ball launches, landings, and sleeve shifts. The system prevented unnecessary use of extra balls or coiled tubing in cases where the pressure signature of sleeve shifts was not present. Although many technologies and approaches are available to help with real-time monitoring and troubleshooting, incorporating this RTV system provides critical data to correct issues effectively and improves operational efficiency, giving operators greater confidence in decisions relating to downhole events.