gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deformation and aging of quenched polypropylene (1968)

Abstract The physical properties, i. e., yield stress and stress‐strain curve of the quenched (“smectic”) form of polypropylene have been shown to be time dependent at room temperature. The yield stress increases linearly with the logarithm of film age. No changes in the x‐ray diffraction pattern, infra‐red spectrum, electron diffraction pattern or morphology have been observed corresponding to this change in physical properties. A molecular mechanism is proposed which will explain this again process. Spherulites of the quenched form have been found to deform affinely when drawn. In contrast to this, slow cooled films show complete destruction of internal spherulite (lamellar) order, indicating a complex mechanism of deformation.
Control barrier function based quadratic programs with application to adaptive cruise control (2014)

This paper develops a control methodology that unifies control barrier functions and control Lyapunov functions through quadratic programs. The result is demonstrated on adaptive cruise control, which presents both safety and performance considerations, as well as actuator bounds. We begin by presenting a novel notion of a barrier function associated with a set, formulated in the context of Lyapunov-like conditions; the existence of a barrier function satisfying these conditions implies forward invariance of the set. This formulation naturally yields a notion of control barrier function (CBF), yielding inequality constraints in the control input that, when satisfied, again imply forward invariance of the set. Through these constructions, CBFs can naturally be unified with control Lyapunov functions (CLFs) in the context of a quadratic program (QP); this allows for the simultaneous achievement of control objectives (represented by CLFs) subject to conditions on the admissible states of the system (represented by CBFs). These formulations are illustrated in the context of adaptive cruise control, where the control objective of achieving a desired speed is balanced by the minimum following conditions on a lead car and force-based constraints on acceleration and braking.
Pulsed Wave Doppler Ultrasound Using 3.7 MHz Pmuts Toward Wearable Blood Flow Measurements (2020)

A 3.7 MHz piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) system based on the piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films has been developed to construct pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) ultrasound for wearable blood flow measurements. In the blood emulation experiments, Nylon powder, surfactant, glycerinum and deionized (DI) water combined blood-mimicking fluid has been prepared and the PWD transceiver circuits are built for the signal processing. The Doppler effect has shown that both the average Doppler frequency and Doppler power spectrum density (PSD) shift linearly with respect to the blood flow rate. As such, this system could be further implemented as wearable ergonomics devices for real-time blood flow measurements.
Coupled Geomechanical Simulation of Stress Dependent Reservoirs (2003)

Abstract A geomechanics option that features the three dimensional elastoplastic stress equations which are fully or partly coupled to a commercial reservoir simulator is applied to a field and a synthetic case. Sanding, fracturing and stress dependent flow are analysed. First the basic formulation is discussed. Elastic stress equations and boundary conditions are described including their implementation in the finite difference simulator. Comparison is made with an industry standard finite element code with an option for coupled single phase flow. It is demonstrated that the finite difference implementation of the stress equations, which is second order, can produce acceptable accuracy when compared against finite element simulators. Non-orthogonal corner-point gridding is also reviewed in this context when the gridding is skewed. Some features of other gridding types including unstructured grids are also presented. Plasticity, stress dependent permeability and faults are available as options. Two cases are presented which were designed to demonstrate the applications of sand management, simulation of tight gas reservoirs with stress dependent permeability and propped/etched fractures. The sand management case is based on an offshore gas field. Reservoir geometry, properties and geological (tectonic) details were provided by the operator. A case which simulates fracturing was designed as a tutorial. Although synthetic, it offers a workflow for the use of predicted stress and pore pressure as input to calculations of fracture conductivities/geometries whose output is returned to the simulator. This geomechanics option is currently under development. Some areas of further work are mentioned.
A route to the pyrrolizidine ring system using a novel radical cyclisation (1988)

A method for the construction of pyrrolizidine rings is described using a new radical cyclisation procedure, which involves generation of an allylic radical from a preformed vinylic radical followed by cyclisation of the allylic radical onto a pendant double bond.
Advanced Certification Methodology for Composite Structures. (1997)

Abstract : An improved certification methodology for composite structures was developed. The methodology permits certification of bonded and concurred composite structures with the same level of confidence as bolted structures. This methodology also ensures that the threat of in service low velocity impact is adequately addressed. The methodology was demonstrated on actual composite aircraft structures to evaluate the damage tolerance capability of these structures. The F/A-18A upper wing skin was used for methodology demonstration. Sensitivity studies were conducted to determine the influence of impact damage threat scenarios and damage tolerance design requirements on the reliability of composite structures.
Response compaction for test time and test pins reduction based on advanced convolutional codes (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of test response compaction. In order to maximize compaction ratio, a single-output encoder based on check matrix of a (n, n-1, m, 3) convolutional code is presented. When the proposed four theorems are satisfied, the encoder can avoid two and any odd erroneous bit cancellations, handle one unknown bit (X bit) and diagnose one erroneous bit. Two types of encoders are proposed to implement the check matrix of the convolutional code. A large number of X bits can be tolerated by choosing a proper memory size and weight of check matrix, which can also be obtained by an optimized input assignment algorithm. Some experimental results would verify the efficiency of the proposed optimized algorithm.
Human Antibodies against<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Liver-Stage Antigen 3 Cross-React with<i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>Preerythrocytic-Stage Epitopes and Inhibit Sporozoite Invasion In Vitro and In Vivo (2001)

The Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 3 (LSA3), a recently identified preerythrocytic antigen, induces protection against malaria in chimpanzees. Using antibodies from individuals with hyperimmunity to malaria affinity purified on recombinant or synthetic polypeptides of LSA3, we identified four non-cross-reactive B-cell epitopes in Plasmodium yoelii preerythrocytic stages. On sporozoites the P. yoelii protein detected has a molecular mass similar to that of LSA3. T-cell epitopes cross-reacting with P. yoelii were also demonstrated using peripheral blood lymphocytes from LSA3-immunized chimpanzees. In contrast, no cross-reactive epitopes were found in Plasmodium berghei. LSA3-specific human antibodies exerted up to 100% inhibition of in vitro invasion of P. yoelii sporozoites into mouse hepatocytes. This strong in vitro activity was reproduced in vivo by passive transfer of LSA3 antibodies. These results indicate that the homologous epitopes may be biologically functional and suggest that P. yoelii could be used as a model to assess the antisporozoite activity of anti-LSA3 antibodies.
Determining functions of multiple phospholipase Ds in stress response of <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2000)

Phospholipase D (PLD) is encoded by a multiple gene family, and several PLDs from Arabidopsis have been characterized at the molecular biological and biochemical levels. PLDalpha is the most abundant plant PLD and exhibits a number of different biochemical properties to the other isoforms. The other PLDs have many overlapping catalytic properties but display some unique patterns of expression during development and in response to stress cues. Accumulating data indicate that different PLDs have multiple and different roles in plant responses to stress.
Cyproterone acetate-promoted prevention of renal cortical necrosis following testosterone and vasopressin administration. (1979)

Bilateral focal renal cortical necrosis was observed after vasopressin administration in rats pretreated for 10 days with testosterone phenyl propionate. When the androgen-receptor blocking-agent cyproterone acetate was administered together with the testosterone, the subsequent vasopressin treatment did not cause renal cortical necrosis. The results suggest the role of the androgen receptors in the kidney in the induction of the phenomenon.
Optimization and Evaluation of a Belt Driven CVT for a 125 cc, 4 Stroke Scooter (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper deals with optimization and evaluation of a rubber ‘V’ belt operated continuously variable transmission (CVT) used with a 125 cc,four stroke engine, on a scooter.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper consists of five parts. The first part describes the design and commissioning of a CVT Test Rig, where both the driving and driven pulleys are programmably controlled, giving details of its capabilities. The second part deals with Parameter Optimization of a CVT in order to obtain a good compromise between fuel economy and acceleration when used with a 125 cc, four stroke engine. Third part is devoted to determination of Transmission Efficiency of the CVT system and identification of those parameters which influence the efficiency. This aspect has not been dealt in previous publications. Experimental data on Temperature Measurements pertaining to the CVT under actual operating conditions in India, is presented in part four of the paper and this data is later used in the last part of the presentation which dwells on establishing a simulated test sequence to predict the Service Life of the Belt.</div>
R & D of dye-sensitized solar cell and TiO_2 thin film materials (2008)

Dye-sensitized solar cell(DSC) is a kind of new solar cells,compared with the traditional silicon solar cell,because it has many merits such as abroad raw material,low cost,high theory transfer efficiency and so on,therefore it becomes attentional product of the next generation solar cells.In this article,the structure and working principle of dye-sensitized solar cell were introduced,the research present situation of its nanoporous TiO2 thin film electrode materials was detailed elaborated,and the forecast to the solar cell and key material's market development direction has been carried.
Addressing Kinase-Independent Functions of Fak via PROTAC-Mediated Degradation (2018)

Enzymatic inhibition has proven to be a successful modality for the development of many small-molecule drugs. In recent years, small-molecule-induced protein degradation has emerged as an orthogonal therapeutic strategy that has the potential to expand the druggable target space. Focal adhesion kinase (Fak) is a key player in tumor invasion and metastasis, acting simultaneously as a kinase and a scaffold for several signaling proteins. While previous efforts to modulate Fak activity were limited to kinase inhibitors with low success in clinical studies, protein degradation offers a possibility to simultaneously block Fak's kinase signaling and scaffolding capabilities. Here, we report the development of a selective and potent Fak degrader, PROTAC-3, which outperforms a clinical candidate, defactinib, with respect to Fak activation as well as Fak-mediated cell migration and invasion. These results underline the potential that PROTACs offer in expanding the druggable space and controlling protein functions that are not easily addressed by traditional small-molecule therapeutics.
Smart Computing and Sensing Technologies for Animal Welfare (2017)

Animals play a profoundly important and intricate role in our lives today. Dogs have been human companions for thousands of years, but now they work to assist the disabled, and in combat and search and rescue situations. Farm animals are a critical part of sustainable agriculture today, and there is increasing consumer interest in humanely raised livestock, and how it impacts our health and environmental footprint. Wild animals are threatened with extinction by human induced factors, and shrinking and compromised habitats. There are many reasons, including societal and economic ones, to explore how new computing technologies can be used to ensure the welfare of animals in these settings. The goal of this review is to systematically survey the existing literature in smart computing and sensing technologies for domestic, farm, and wild animal welfare. We use a broad notion of animal welfare to refer to an assessment of whether animals are healthy, free of pain and suffering, and positively stimulated in their environment. Smart computing and sensing is also used in broad terms, to refer to systems that are not isolated but interconnected with communication networks, and capable of remote data collection, processing, exchange, and analysis. The findings of this review are expected to motivate future research in computer science and engineering, as well as contribute to data, information, and communication management for animal welfare.
Invited. MR systems for image‐guided therapy (1998)

The use of MRI to guide and monitor interventional procedures requires the merging of surgical and MRI environments. The ideal magnet shape for homogeneity and efficiency is spherical, but this design provides no access. Opening the sphere to provide both patient and surgeon access suggests cylindrical or biplanar magnets. Cylindrical magnets have poor surgical access but provide good imaging capabilities, which can be used in conjunction with a neighboring but distinct surgical environment. Biplanar magnets provide more and better approaches to the patient, but generally with lower field strength. Vertical biplanar systems allows surgical approaches from above but reduce the access of support staff to the patient. A hybrid magnet design, which combines the benefits of both cylindrical and biplanar magnets, can provide increased access with simultaneous approach from two sides of the patient. Application-specific magnets can target a smaller region, leading to compact magnet designs that greatly expand access for both surgical intervention as well as patient support. As the field of interventional MRI matures, the suitability of each design to specific applications will be better understood, leading to more integrated system designs tailored to the needs of image-guided therapy.
Genome-wide siRNA screen identifies UNC50 as a regulator of Shiga toxin 2 trafficking (2017)

Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (STx1 and STx2) undergo retrograde trafficking to reach the cytosol. Early endosome-to-Golgi transport allows the toxins to evade degradation in lysosomes. Targeting this trafficking step has therapeutic promise, but the mechanism of trafficking for the more potent toxin STx2 is unclear. To identify host factors required for early endosome-to-Golgi trafficking of STx2, we performed a viability-based genome-wide siRNA screen in HeLa cells. 564, 535, and 196 genes were found to be required for toxicity induced by STx1 only, STx2 only, and both toxins, respectively. We focused on validating endosome/Golgi-localized hits specific for STx2 and found that depletion of UNC50 blocked early endosome-to-Golgi trafficking and induced lysosomal degradation of STx2. UNC50 acted by recruiting GBF1, an ADP ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF), to the Golgi. These results provide new information about STx2 trafficking mechanisms and may advance efforts to generate therapeutically viable toxin-trafficking inhibitors.
Interferon-α Inhibits Erythropoietin-Induced Proliferation, but Not Differentiation, and Restricts Erythroleukemia Development (1995)

The immature erythroid cell line J2E responds to erythropoietin (Epo) by proliferating and terminally differentiating into hemoglobin-synthesizing red blood cells. These cells produce a rapid, fatal erythroleukemia in mice characterized by hepatosplenomegaly and severe anemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of murine interferons-alpha (MuIFN-alpha) on J2E cells in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that in culture MuIFN-alpha inhibited the Epo-induced proliferation of J2E cells but did not interfere with differentiation. When mice with J2E erythroleukemias were treated with MuIFNs in vivo, an extension of their life span was observed. Moreover, numerous necrotic lesions of infiltrating leukemic cells were detected in the spleens of these mice. Finally, ex vivo treatment of leukemic bone marrow cells with Epo and MuIFNs delayed mortality even further. It was concluded that MuIFNs (1) suppressed the proliferation of J2E cells in vitro but did not affect Epo-induced differentiation, and (2) inhibited the progress of erythroleukemias, especially in combination with Epo.
Label-Free Colorimetric Detection of Cadmium Ions in Rice Samples Using Gold Nanoparticles (2014)

A simple and label-free colorimetric method for cadmium ions (Cd(2+)) detection using unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is reported. The unmodified AuNPs easily aggregate in a high concentration of NaCl solution, but the presence of glutathione (GSH) can prevent the salt-induced aggregation of AuNPs. When Cd(2+) is added to the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH, and NaCl, Cd(2+) can coordinate with 4× GSH as a spherical shaped complex, which decreases the amount of free GSH on the surface of gold nanoparticles to weaken the stability of AuNPs, and AuNPs will easily aggregate in high-salt conditions. On the basis of the mechanism, we design a simple, label-free colorimetric method using AuNPs accompanied by GSH in a high-salt environment to detect Cd(2+) in water and digested rice samples.
Notizen: Über ringförmig gebaute Siliciumchloride (1952)

niedrig gehalten wird. Dadurch finden die Schwierigkeiten bei der Reindarstellung des HgNHJBr eine Erklrung^.
Quadratically constrained adaptive beamforming for coherent signals and interference (1995)

Severe signal cancellation often occurs in conventional adaptive beamforming if coherent interferers are present. The paper proposes adding quadratic constraints to a linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) adaptive beamformer to prevent signal cancellation in coherent interference environments. The additional constraint limits the beamformer output mean squared error to be less than a specified level. It is shown that if the quadratic constraint is properly chosen, then the original linearly constrained beamformer's signal cancellation is reduced to an arbitrarily small level while the interference cancellation is unchanged. In practice, the quadratic constraint is constructed based on estimates of the interference parameters. Sensitivity analyses show the performance of the resulting beamformer is robust with respect to this approximate constraint. The effectiveness of the quadratically constrained adaptive beamformer is further illustrated through simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Systemic Adverse Events Associated with Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injection: Ranibizumab versus Bevacizumab (2012)

The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of systemic adverse events in patients treated with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab or ranibizumab, and to evaluate whether compared to ranibizumab administration, bevacizumab constitutes a higher risk for systemic adverse events. A retrospective review was conducted for 916 consecutive patients treated with at least 1 intravitreal injection of bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Cox regression was performed to assess whether a variable had predictive value for occurrence of new systemic adverse events and to account for different follow-up times. A total of 702 patients were analyzed; 503 patients received bevacizumab alone, and 199 patients received ranibizumab alone. Systemic adverse events occurred in 10 of 702 patients (1.4%): 7 in the bevacizumab group (7/503; 1.4%) and 3 in the ranibizumab group (3/199; 1.5%). This difference was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.573). Cox proportional hazards analysis of 4 models did not reveal a covariate that significantly changed the hazard for systemic adverse events. In conclusion, compared to ranibizumab, bevacizumab may not increase the risk of systemic adverse events in patients receiving intravitreal injections.
Eco-benign visible wavelength photodetector based on phthalocyanine-low bandgap copolymer composite blend (2016)

In the present work, we demonstrate a novel solution-processed photodetector using an organic composite blend of VOPcPhO and PCDTBT to function as the donor (D) and the acceptor (A) materials, respectively.
Simple similarity-based question answering strategies for biomedical text (2012)

We introduce an approach to question answering in the biomedical domain that utilises similarity matching of question/answer pairs in a document, or a set of background documents, to select the best answer to a multiple-choice question. We explored a range of possible similarity matching methods, ranging from simple word overlap, to dependency graph matching, to feature-based vector similarity models that incorporate lexical, syntactic and/or semantic features. We found that while these methods performed reasonably well on a small training set, they did not generalise well to the final test data.
INFORMATION-BASED OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS FOR ACTIVE DATA SELECTION (1992)

Learning can be made more efficient if we can actively select particularly salient data points. Within a Bayesian learning framework, objective functions are discussed which measure the expected informativeness of candidate measurements. Three alternative specifications of what we want to gain information about lead to three different criteria for data selection. All these criteria depend on the assumption that the hypothesis space is correct, which may prove to be their main weakness. 1 Introduction Theories for data modelling often assume that the data is provided by a source that we do not control. However, there are two scenarios in which we are able to actively select training data. In the first, data measurements are relatively expensive or slow, and we want to know where to look next so as to learn as much as possible. According to Jaynes (1986), Bayesian reasoning was first applied to this problem two centuries ago by Laplace, who in consequence made more important discoveries...
Arylalkyl Ketones, Benzophenones, Desoxybenzoins and Chalcones Inhibit TNF‐α Induced Expression of ICAM‐1: Structure‐Activity Analysis (2011)

The interaction between leukocytes and the vascular endothelial cells (EC) via cellular adhesion molecules plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Small molecules that block these interactions have been targeted as potential therapeutic agents against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In an effort to identify potent intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) inhibitors, a large number of arylalkyl ketones, benzophenones, desoxybenzoins and chalcones and their analogs (54 in total) have been synthesized and screened for their ICAM-1 inhibitory activity. The structure-activity relationship studies of these compounds identified three potent chalcone derivatives and also demonstrated the possible mechanism for their ICAM-1 inhibitory activities. The most active compound was found to be 79.