gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Carbon-Fluorine Bonds by Metal Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivation of Carbon-Fluorine Bonds by Metal ComplexesJaqueline L. Kiplinger, Thomas G. Richmond, and Carolyn E. OsterbergCite this: Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2, 373–431Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00026a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00026a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6703Altmetric-Citations731LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Myoinositol Phosphate Esters on In Vitro and In Vivo Digestion of Protein (1989)

ABSTRACT Effects of phytate and its hydrolysis products (myo‐inositol phophate esters) on protein digestion were investigated by in vitro and in vivo procedures. Tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexa‐phosphate ester fractions, isolated from phytate hydrolysates, inhibited pepsin digestion of casein and bovine serum albumin in vitro. The inhibition ranged from 0% for the mono‐ and diphosphate esters to 9–14% with the hexa‐phosphate ester (phytate). The phosphate ester fractions did not significantly affect trypsin digestion of the proteins. In the in vivo study, rats were fed phytate and hydrolysates thereof (mixtures of the esters above) at levels of 1–3.5% of the diet. Under the conditions of this study, neither phytate nor its hydrolysates significantly affected protein utilization or weight gain in rats.
THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON THE REACTIONS OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS WITH NITRILES HAVING α-HYDROGEN<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON THE REACTIONS OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS WITH NITRILES HAVING α-HYDROGEN1CHARLES R. HAUSER and WILBERT J. HUMPHLETTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 2, 359–366Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01148a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01148a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimated costs and returns from mechanical strawberry harvest in Oregon : a progress report (1979)

Published June 1979. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The Development of Turbo and LDPC Codes for Deep-Space Applications (2007)

The development of error-correcting codes has been closely coupled with deep-space exploration since the early days of both. Since the discovery of turbo codes in 1993, the research community has invested a great deal of work on modern iteratively decoded codes, and naturally NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been very much involved. This paper describes the research, design, implementation, and standardization work that has taken place at JPL for both turbo and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Turbo code development proceeded from theoretical analyses of polynomial selection, weight distributions imposed by interleaver designs, decoder error floors, and iterative decoding thresholds. A family of turbo codes was standardized and implemented and is currently in use by several spacecraft. JPL's LDPC codes are built from protographs and circulants, selected by analyses of decoding thresholds and methods to avoid loops in the code graph. LDPC encoders and decoders have been implemented in hardware for planned spacecraft, and standardization is under way.
The Twofish encryption algorithm: a 128-bit block cipher (1999)

Twofish Design Goals. Twofish Building Blocks. Twofish. Performance of Twofish. Twofish Design Philosophy. The Design of Twofish. Design of the Twofish Key Schedule. Cryptanalysis of Twofish. Using Twofish. Historical Remarks. Conclusions and Further Work. References. Index.
Fib420 , the Novel Fibrinogen Subclass: Newborn Levels Are Higher Than Adult (1997)

Fib420 is a recently identified subclass of normal human fibrinogen in which two extended α chain isoforms (αE ) replace the common α chains, yielding a molecule (ca. 420 kD) which is larger than the more abundant 340-kD form. Evidence for preservation of this subclass throughout vertebrate evolution suggests it performs some as yet unidentified vital function. A survey was undertaken to establish the range of plasma Fib420 levels in normal, healthy adults and in placental cord (fetal) blood. For measuring Fib420 , a quantitative Western blot assay was developed using monoclonal antibody against the exon-VI encoded C-terminus of the molecule's unique αE chain. This αE chain signal was normalized to that of the β chain, common to both fibrinogen forms. Analysis of plasma samples from the adult and newborn cohorts (n = 25 each; total fibrinogen ca. 2.6 mg/mL in both) revealed a statistically significant difference, with a mean level of 100 ± 28 μg/mL in the neonate compared to 34 ± 7 μg/mL in the adult. On average, 1 out of every 100 fibrinogen molecules in adult plasma belongs to the Fib420 subclass. Unlike in the newborn, adult Fib420 levels remained the same over a wide range of total plasma fibrinogen. The striking difference observed between these two cohorts suggests a changing developmental expression of the Fib420 subclass and a homeostatic control operating in later stages of life.
The airborne laser (2006)

The Airborne Laser (ABL) is an airborne, megawatt-class laser system with a state-of-the-art atmospheric compensation system to destroy enemy ballistic missiles at long ranges. This system will provide both deterrence and defense against the use of such weapons during conflicts. This paper provides an overview of the ABL weapon system including: the notional operational concept, the development approach and schedule, the overall aircraft configuration, the technologies being incorporated in the ABL, and the current program status.
ChemInform Abstract: PTERIN CHEMISTRY. 65. PREPARATION OF (6R,S)‐5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRO‐L‐BIOPTERINE, 7,8‐DIHYDRO‐L‐BIOPTERINE, L‐SEPIAPTERINE, DEOXYSEPIAPTERINE, (6R,S)‐5,6‐DIHYDRODEOXYSEPIAPTERINE AND 2′‐DEOXYBIOPTERINE (1979)

Abstract Die Darstellung des Tetrahydrobiopterins (II) erfolgt,wie schon früher beschrieben,durch katalytische Reduktion von L‐Biopterin (I) (I) läßt sich auch unter geeigneten experimentellen Bedingungen selektiv zum Dihydrobiopterin (III) wie auch zu (II) reduzieren.
High precision locating control system based on VCM for Talbot lithography (2016)

Aiming at the high precision and efficiency requirements of Z-direction locating in Talbot lithography, a control system based on Voice Coil Motor (VCM) was designed. In this paper, we built a math model of VCM and its moving characteristic was analyzed. A double-closed loop control strategy including position loop and current loop were accomplished. The current loop was implemented by driver, in order to achieve the rapid follow of the system current. The position loop was completed by the digital signal processor (DSP) and the position feedback was achieved by high precision linear scales. Feed forward control and position feedback Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) control were applied in order to compensate for dynamic lag and improve the response speed of the system. And the high precision and efficiency of the system were verified by simulation and experiments. The results demonstrated that the performance of Z-direction gantry was obviously improved, having high precision, quick responses, strong real-time and easily to expend for higher precision.
Detecting intra-room mobility with signal strength descriptors (2010)

We explore the problem of detecting whether a device has moved within a room. Our approach relies on comparing summaries of received signal strength measurements over time, which we call descriptors. We consider descriptors based on the differences in the mean, standard deviation, and histogram comparison. In close to 1000 mobility events we conducted, our approach delivers perfect recall and near perfect precision for detecting mobility at a granularity of a few seconds. It is robust to the movement of dummy objects near the transmitter as well as people moving within the room. The detection is successful because true mobility causes fast fading, while environmental mobility causes shadow fading, which exhibit considerable difference in signal distributions. The ability to produce good detection accuracy throughout the experiments also demonstrates that our approach can be applied to varying room environments and radio technologies, thus enabling novel security, health care, and inventory control applications.
Feedback control for steering needles through 3D deformable tissue using helical paths (2009)

Bevel-tip steerable needles are a promising new technology for improving accuracy and accessibility in minimally invasive medical procedures. As yet, 3D needle steering has not been demonstrated in the presence of tissue deformation and uncertainty, despite the application of progressively more sophisticated planning algorithms. This paper presents a feedback controller that steers a needle along 3D helical paths, and varies the helix radius to correct for perturbations. It achieves high accuracy for targets sufficiently far from the needle insertion point; this is counterintuitive because the system is highly under-actuated and not locally controllable. The controller uses a model predictive control framework that chooses a needle twist rate such that the predicted helical trajectory minimizes the distance to the target. Fast branch and bound techniques enable execution at kilohertz rates on a 2GHz PC. We evaluate the controller under a variety of simulated perturbations, including imaging noise, needle deflections, and curvature estimation errors. We also test the controller in a 3D finite element simulator that incorporates deformation in the tissue as well as the needle. In deformable tissue examples, the controller reduced targeting error by up to 88% compared to open-loop execution.
Improving Retrieval on Imperfect Speech Transcriptions (1999)

This paper presents the results from adding several forms of query expansion to our retrieval system running on transcriptions of broadcast news from the 1997 TREC-7 spoken document retrieval track. 1 Introduction Retrieving documents which originated as speech is complicated by the presence of errors in the transcriptions. If some method of increasing retrieval performance despite these errors could be found, then even low-accuracy recognisers could be used as part of a successful spoken document retrieval (SDR) system. This paper presents results using four query expansion techniques described in [3] on 8 different sets of transcriptions generated for the 1997 TREC-7 SDR evaluation. The baseline retrieval system and the techniques used for query expansion are described in section 2, the transcriptions on which the experiments were performed in section 3 and results and further discussion are offered in section 4. 2 Retrieval Systems 2.1 Baseline System (BL) Our baseline system ...
Progress on the development of an advanced laser ultrasound generation source for inspecting polymer-matrix composites (2002)

Laser ultrasound is proving to be a cost effective means for inspecting composite components. In this paper, we report the progress made towards the development of a new source for the laser-ultrasound inspection of composite parts. Previously, it was experimentally demonstrated that an optical parametric oscillator having a wavelength between 3 and 4 μm is significantly more efficient per energy unit to generate ultrasonic waves than a CO2 laser. Two factors explain the better performances of the OPO: the short pulse duration and the operating wavelength range that corresponds to larger optical penetration depths than the one corresponding to the CO2 laser wavelength. In this paper, these two factors are analyzed separately and their individual contributions to improvement in generation efficiency over the CO2 laser are quantitatively estimated using a numerical model. Also, the effect of optical penetration depth is experimentally explored by comparing ultrasonic amplitude of waves generated using an optical parametric oscillator operating in the 3.0–3.5 μm band with optical penetration depth spectra evaluated using quantitative photoacoustic spectroscopy in three different composite samples. The relative amplitudes at 2.5-MHz of the generated ultrasonic waves track closely the optical penetration depth spectra. It is also shown that the 20-MHz ultrasonic amplitude has the opposite behavior than the 2.5 MHz as a function of optical penetration depth. This difference demonstrates that optical penetration depth that maximizes the laser-generation of ultrasonic waves is different for different ultrasonic frequencies.
What is actually taking place on web sites (2000)

A prime business concern is knowing your customer. One legacy carried into the present from the earliest NCSA web servers is web server logs. While there are more powerful user tracking techniques, such as requiring logins or storing cookies, server logs remain a powerful tool in helping understand customer activity on a web site, and are the only tool when logins are not desirable or cookies are blocked by browsers or firewalls. This paper details the possibilities and pitfalls in using web server logs to understand customer behavior on a web site. Described here is the information recorded by the server, and what legitimate inferences can be made from that data. Special emphasis is given to case studies that demonstrate the interactions of the protocols HTTP and HTML, and how weaknesses in the current specification can confound the recorded data and lead to an incorrect analysis.
Cell subpopulation deconvolution reveals breast cancer heterogeneity based on DNA methylation signature (2016)

Tumour heterogeneity describes the coexistence of divergent tumour cell clones within tumours, which is often caused by underlying epigenetic changes. DNA methylation is commonly regarded as a significant regulator that differs across cells and tissues. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed research progress on estimating of tumour heterogeneity. Bioinformatics-based analysis of DNA methylation has revealed the evolutionary relationships between breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Further analysis of the DNA methylation profiles in 33 breast cancer-related cell lines identified cell line-specific methylation patterns. Next, we reviewed the computational methods in inferring clonal evolution of tumours from different perspectives and then proposed a deconvolution strategy for modelling cell subclonal populations dynamics in breast cancer tissues based on DNA methylation. Further analysis of simulated cancer tissues and real cell lines revealed that this approach exhibits satisfactory performance and relative stability in estimating the composition and proportions of cellular subpopulations. The application of this strategy to breast cancer individuals of the Cancer Genome Atlas's identified different cellular subpopulations with distinct molecular phenotypes. Moreover, the current and potential future applications of this deconvolution strategy to clinical breast cancer research are discussed, and emphasis was placed on the DNA methylation-based recognition of intra-tumour heterogeneity. The wide use of these methods for estimating heterogeneity to further clinical cohorts will improve our understanding of neoplastic progression and the design of therapeutic interventions for treating breast cancer and other malignancies.
Chewing the Fat (1991)

IN this issue of the Journal, Small et al.1 provide instructions for reducing the cholesterol content of red meat and partially replacing its natural fat with vegetable fat. This delightful lesson in food composition appears against a background of recent Journal articles relating various types and amounts of dietary fat to levels of blood lipids.2 3 4 5 Ultimately, we must put these and other pieces of data together to derive a rational guide to eating. What are appropriate goals regarding the amount and type of fat in our diets?A consideration of the criteria for setting dietary goals or recommendations may . . .
Atherosclerosis: Viewing the Problem from a Different Perspective Including Possible Treatment Options (2011)

This paper proposes that atherosclerosis is initiated by a signaling event that deposits calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca-HAP). This event is preceded by a loss of mechanical structure in the arterial wall. After Ca-HAP has been deposited, it is unlikely that it will be reabsorbed because the solubility product constant (K sp ) is very small, and the large stores of Ca +2 and PO 4 −3 in the bones oppose any attempts to dissolve Ca-HAP by decreasing the common ions. The hydroxide ion (OH – ) of Ca-HAP can be displaced in nature by fluoride (F – ) and carbonate (CO 3 −2 ) ions, and it is proposed that anions associated with cholesterol ester hydrolysis and, in very small quantities, the enolate of 7-ketocholesterol could also displace the OH – of Ca-HAP, forming an ionic bond. The free energy of hydration of Ca-HAP at 310 K is most likely negative, and the ionic radii of the anions associated with the hydrolysis of cholesterol ester are compatible with the substitution. Furthermore, examination of the pathology of atherosclerotic lesions by Raman and NMR spectroscopy and confocal microscopy supports deposition of Ca-HAP associated with cholesterol. Investigating the affinity of intermediates of cholesterol hydrolysis for Ca-HAP compared to lipoproteins such as HDL, LDL, and VLDL using isothermic titration calorimetry could add proof of this concept and may lead to the development of a new class of medications targeted at the deposition of cholesterol within Ca-HAP. Treatment of acute ischemic events as a consequence of atherosclerosis with denitrogenation and oxygenation is discussed.
A new model-based technique for enhanced small-vessel measurements in X-ray cine-angiograms (2000)

Arterial diameter estimation from X-ray ciné angiograms is important for quantifying coronary artery disease (CAD) and for evaluating therapy. However, diameter measurement in vessel cross sections < or =1.0 mm is associated with large measurement errors. We present a novel diameter estimator which reduces both magnitude and variability of measurement error. We use a parametric nonlinear imaging model for X-ray ciné angiography and estimate unknown model parameters directly from the image data. Our technique allows us to exploit additional diameter information contained within the intensity profile amplitude, a feature which is overlooked by existing methods. This method uses a two-step procedure: the first step estimates the imaging model parameters directly from the angiographic frame and the second step uses these measurements to estimate the diameter of vessels in the same image. In Monte-Carlo simulation over a range of imaging conditions, our approach consistently produced lower estimation error and variability than conventional methods. With actual X-ray images, our estimator is also better than existing methods for the diameters examined (0.4-4.0 mm). These improvements are most significant in the range of narrow vessel widths associated with severe coronary artery disease.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Honey Flavonoid Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Activated N13 Microglial Cells (2012)

Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation may become a reliable protective strategy for neurodegenerative processes. Flavonoids, widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom and in foods such as honey, have been suggested as novel therapeutic agents for the reduction of the deleterious effects of neuroinflammation. The present study investigated the potential protective effect of a honey flavonoid extract (HFE) on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated N13 microglia. The results show that HFE significantly inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. The expressions of iNOS and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROS) were also significantly inhibited. Accordingly, the present study demonstrates that HFE is a potent inhibitor of microglial activation and thus a potential preventive-therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases involving neuroinflammation.
Use of Nasal Valve Stent with Anterior Rhinomanometry to Quantitate Nasal Valve Obstruction (1990)

Some patients have increased resistance in the nasal valve area that is static and does not collapse. Anterior rhinomanometry is unable to document nasal valve disorders in these instances. A simple stent was devised to open the nasal valve area during anterior mask rhinomanometry. Three groups of subjects were studied with and without the stent. These groups were 1) patients with anatomic findings of nasal valve obstruction, 2) normal control subjects, and 3) normal control subjects with artificially created midseptal nasal obstructions. At peak inspiration the median decrease in resistance with the stent in place when compared to nonstented values was 0.91 Pa.cm-3.s-1 for group 1, 0.27 Pa.cm-3.s-1 for group 2, and 0.25 Pa.cm-3.s-1 for group 3. Comparisons using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test had a significance level of p less than .001. An easily fashioned, well-tolerated nasal valve stent can be readily incorporated in anterior mask rhinomanometry technique. With use of the stent, nasal valve obstruction can be accurately diagnosed and quantitated.