gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-debugging Framework Based on Hardware Virtualization Technology (2009)

Anti-debugging technique is widely used to protect executable files in commercial software applications. However, most of contemporary anti-debugging products fail to guarantee their functionalities in that when the application code is running on Ring 0 or above, malicious attackers can still manipulate it to block the anti-debugging process. This paper introduces an anti-debugging framework based on hardware virtualization technology called Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), which can monitor each code running above its privilege level on Intel x86 platform. Our experiments demonstrate that major debuggers running on Microsoft Windows, such as VC2005 and WinDBG, are incapable to debug the target application with the protection of our anti-debugging framework.
Enzymes in organic synthesis, 19. The enzyme‐catalyzed sequential esterification of (±)‐<i>anti</i>‐2,4‐dimethylglutaric anhydride. – An efficient route to enantiomerically enriched mono‐ and diesters of <i>anti</i>‐2,4‐dimethylglutaric acid (1994)

Abstract (±)‐ anti ‐2,4‐Dimethylpentanedioic anhydride ( rac ‐ 1 ) was converted in good yields and with high enantiomeric excess by an enzyme‐catalyzed sequential esterification into the (2 R ,4 R )‐monoester 2 and the (2 S ,4 S )‐diester ent ‐ 3 . Best results were obtained with Novozym 435, a lipase from Candida antarctica . magnified image
Mathematical Modeling, Parametric Estimation, and Operational Control for Natural Gas Sweetening Processes (2017)

Abstract As a result of the increased energy demand and the required environmental compliance, purification of natural gas (NG) need to be processed through more efficient technologies. Most the NG sources contain H 2 S and CO 2 as acidic contaminants causing corrosion, reduction in the calorific value of the fuel, and toxicity. Removal of these gases (gas sweetening) is mostly performed in a reactive absorber followed by a stripper for solvents regeneration. Amine solvents are very suitable due to their natural affinity towards the acid gases. In the setting‐up of newer plants or retrofitting of old units in existing plants to improve the efficiency of the sweetening process, modeling, optimization, and safer operational control of the process have drawn the attention of many researchers. The development of better models must take into account the synthesis and implementation of proper control strategies. Rate‐based, equilibrium, and kinetic models supported by thermodynamic properties of the components have been discussed here and experiments carried out to identify new process models have also been presented.
Isokinetic dynamometry as a technologic assessment tool for trunk rigidity in Parkinson's disease patients (2014)

Our results suggest that the 30°/s, 45°/s and 60°/s angular velocities of this objective technology method were a valid assessment for trunk rigidity and were correlated with disease severity, disease duration, functional status and HRQoL in PD patients.
Model-Based Sticking Risk Assessment for Wireline Formation Testing Tools in the U.S. Gulf Coast (1998)

Abstract A model is developed to characterize wireline formation tester sticking from quantitative analyses of the most prevalent sticking modes. An appropriate description of differential pressure sticking mechanics for stationary logging tools and cables forms the foundation of the model, and a supplemental formulation provides a quantitative relationship for key-seat development based on borehole and tool parameters. The results of the analysis are converted into a sticking probability formula that allows quantitative risk assessment at the job planning stage. The primary form of the model uses mud cake parameters derived from a wellsite evaluation device, but an alternative formulation utilizes laboratory and field measurements of mudcake properties and only requires conventionally available parameters for risk assessment. The model is calibrated and tested by application to a database of 664 formation testing jobs in the Gulf Coast area. The resulting strong correlation between calculated sticking probability and actual fishing frequency illustrates the power of a model-based approach to risk assessment. In contrast to most statistically based approaches, it is possible to incorporate a large number of relevant parameters and quantitatively examine risk levels as adjustments are made. Direct measurement of mudcake properties at the wellsite will further enhance the risk assessment accuracy. P. 79
Serological and Virological Studies of Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza in Slaughter-Age Ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Japan (2006)

Serum samples from 191 ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Japan were tested for antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV). Twenty-two (12%) contained NDV-specific neutralizing antibodies by a virus-neutralization (VN) test without vaccination. Antibodies to AIV were not detected in the any sera by an agar gel precipitation test. Seven serum samples that had vaccinated with live NDV by eye drop were all positive by the VN test at 1 month post vaccination. A haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for NDV seemed not to be suitable for ostriches because of non-specific agglutination of chicken red blood cells. No haemagglutinating viruses were isolated. This is the first report on detection of antibodies against NDV in ostriches in Japan.
A Flexible Privacy-Enhanced Location-Based Services System Framework and Practice (2008)

Location based services(LBS) are becoming increasingly important to the success and attractiveness of next generation wireless systems. However, a natural tension arises between the need for user privacy and the flexible use of location information. In this paper we present a framework to support privacy enhanced location based services. We classify the services according to several basic criteria and we propose a hierarchical key distribution method to support these services. The key idea behind the system is to hierarchically encrypt location information under different keys, and distribute the appropriate keys only to group members with the necessary permission. Four methods are proposed to deliver hierarchical location information while maintaining privacy. We propose a key tree rebalancing algorithm to maintain the re-keying performance of the group key management. Furthermore, we present a practical LBS system implementation. Hierarchical location information coding offers flexible location information access which enables a rich set of location based services. Our load tests show such a system is highly practical with good efficiency and scalability.
Synthese laxativ wirksamer meso‐substituierter Hydroxyanthrone, 1. Mitt. Reaktionen lithium‐organischer Verbindungen mit Derivaten des 1,8‐Dihydroxyanthrachinons (1977)

Abstract Es wird die Darstellung an C‐10 substituierter 1,8,10‐Trihydroxyanthrone 13 – 17 beschrieben. Lithium‐organische Verbindungen werden mit 1,8‐Dihydroxyanthrachinonen 7 – 12 umgesetzt, deren eine oder beide phenolische Hydroxylgruppen an C‐ 1 und C‐8 während der Synthese alkyliert oder tosyliert sind, damit durch sterische Hinderung des C‐9 Ketoncarbonyls eine bevorzugte Addition an C‐10 erreicht wird.
Low-frequency speech cues and simulated electric-acoustic hearing (2009)

The addition of low-frequency acoustic information to real or simulated electric stimulation (so-called electric-acoustic stimulation or EAS) often results in large improvements in intelligibility, particularly in competing backgrounds. This may reflect the availability of fundamental frequency (F0) information in the acoustic region. The contributions of F0 and the amplitude envelope (as well as voicing) of speech to simulated EAS was examined by replacing the low-frequency speech with a tone that was modulated in frequency to track the F0 of the speech, in amplitude with the envelope of the low-frequency speech, or both. A four-channel vocoder simulated electric hearing. Significant benefit over vocoder alone was observed with the addition of a tone carrying F0 or envelope cues, and both cues combined typically provided significantly more benefit than either alone. The intelligibility improvement over vocoder was between 24 and 57 percentage points, and was unaffected by the presence of a tone carrying these cues from a background talker. These results confirm the importance of the F0 of target speech for EAS (in simulation). They indicate that significant benefit can be provided by a tone carrying F0 and amplitude envelope cues. The results support a glimpsing account of EAS and argue against segregation.
Unimate: A student information system (2013)

Learning management systems and student information systems have been in use for years in a number of universities across America. However, their use is not as widespread in universities in India. The main reasons have been the lack of high-speed Internet availability, reluctance from universities to try new software, and the high cost of commercial products (which are not differently priced for the Indian market). In recent years, Internet penetration has significantly improved and a number of universities even have direct connections to the internet backbone. Social media use has become very widespread, and students and teachers are familiar and comfortable with a number of web-based applications. The goal of this project is to develop a prototype for a low-cost web-based application that provides features of both learning management systems and student information systems, and is customized to the needs of universities in India.
Self-resonant LSA oscillator diode (1969)

Electromagnetic modes in a semiconductor cylinder are described for cases of arbitrary conductivity. These modes, possessing purely axial electric fields, exist only for nonzero conductivity. The model approximates the LSA mode of a microwave oscillator. For an example with GaAs, the results specify the frequency × diameter product and the doping concentration/frequency ratio for self-resonance.
Color matching at high illuminances: photopigment optical density and pupil entry (1993)

Changes in the effective optical density of the cones are sufficient to explain changes in color matches with retinal illuminance and pupil entry. We performed three experiments. In the first experiment, six observers made color matches under both bleached and unbleached conditions to a series of six standard wavelengths. The effects of bleaching could be modeled by a decrease in optical density of the L and M cone photopigments. Slight spectral shifts in the peak wavelengths of the photopigments were required for different observers. In the second experiment we varied retinal illuminance of the color-matching field from 2.4 to 5.4 log Td for a series of long-wavelength primaries. The shape of the color match versus the intensity function was unchanged by the wavelength composition of the matching field. In the third experiment we measured the change in color match with retinal illuminance for different pupil entry positions. At low luminances there was a marked dependence of the color match on pupil entry positions. At high illuminance there was only a small dependence. The half-bleach illuminance values varied as expected from the Stiles-Crawford I effect. We conclude that for wavelengths > 540 nm, changes in color matches with bleaching and pupil entry can be explained by changes in the effective optical density of the cones.
Hello, Who is Calling?: Can Words Reveal the Social Nature of Conversations? (2012)

This study aims to infer the social nature of conversations from their content automatically. To place this work in context, our motivation stems from the need to understand how social disengagement affects cognitive decline or depression among older adults. For this purpose, we collected a comprehensive and naturalistic corpus comprising of all the incoming and outgoing telephone calls from 10 subjects over the duration of a year. As a first step, we learned a binary classifier to filter out business related conversation, achieving an accuracy of about 85%. This classification task provides a convenient tool to probe the nature of telephone conversations. We evaluated the utility of openings and closing in differentiating personal calls, and find that empirical results on a large corpus do not support the hypotheses by Schegloff and Sacks that personal conversations are marked by unique closing structures. For classifying different types of social relationships such as family vs other, we investigated features related to language use (entropy), hand-crafted dictionary (LIWC) and topics learned using unsupervised latent Dirichlet models (LDA). Our results show that the posteriors over topics from LDA provide consistently higher accuracy (60-81%) compared to LIWC or language use features in distinguishing different types of conversations.
Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of Fusarium ear rot resistance in tropical maize germplasm (2020)

Fusarium ear rot (FER) is a destructive maize fungal disease worldwide. In this study, three tropical maize populations consisting of 874 inbred lines were used to perform genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction (GP) analyses of FER resistance. Broad phenotypic variation and high heritability for FER were observed, although it was highly influenced by large genotype-by-environment interactions. In the 874 inbred lines, GWAS with general linear model (GLM) identified 3034 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with FER resistance at the P-value threshold of 1 × 10−5, the average phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by these associations was 3% with a range from 2.33% to 6.92%, and 49 of these associations had PVE values greater than 5%. The GWAS analysis with mixed linear model (MLM) identified 19 significantly associated SNPs at the P-value threshold of 1 × 10−4, the average PVE of these associations was 1.60% with a range from 1.39% to 2.04%. Within each of the three populations, the number of significantly associated SNPs identified by GLM and MLM ranged from 25 to 41, and from 5 to 22, respectively. Overlapping SNP associations across populations were rare. A few stable genomic regions conferring FER resistance were identified, which located in bins 3.04/05, 7.02/04, 9.00/01, 9.04, 9.06/07, and 10.03/04. The genomic regions in bins 9.00/01 and 9.04 are new. GP produced moderate accuracies with genome-wide markers, and relatively high accuracies with SNP associations detected from GWAS. Moderate prediction accuracies were observed when the training and validation sets were closely related. These results implied that FER resistance in maize is controlled by minor QTL with small effects, and highly influenced by the genetic background of the populations studied. Genomic selection (GS) by incorporating SNP associations detected from GWAS is a promising tool for improving FER resistance in maize.
Improvements to internet access control security scheme (1992)

Recent thinking has uncovered certain weak points in the authentication protocol of the internet access control security scheme proposed by Poon and Iqbal. These would enable malicious attacks to disrupt legitimate remote connection requests. The Letter describes modifications made to prevent such attacks.
Video Generation From Text (2018)

Generating videos from text has proven to be a significant challenge for existing generative models. We tackle this problem by training a conditional generative model to extract both static and dynamic information from text. This is manifested in a hybrid framework, employing a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). The static features, called "gist," are used to sketch text-conditioned background color and object layout structure. Dynamic features are considered by transforming input text into an image filter. To obtain a large amount of data for training the deep-learning model, we develop a method to automatically create a matched text-video corpus from publicly available online videos. Experimental results show that the proposed framework generates plausible and diverse short-duration smooth videos, while accurately reflecting the input text information. It significantly outperforms baseline models that directly adapt text-to-image generation procedures to produce videos. Performance is evaluated both visually and by adapting the inception score used to evaluate image generation in GANs.
Anti-TNF Therapy Response in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Is Associated with Colonic Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Microbiota Composition (2016)

Anti-TNF therapy responders and non-responders display distinctly separate patterns of mucosal AMP expression and gut microbiota before treatment start. This indicates that intestinal antimicrobial/microbial composition can influence treatment outcome.
High-density interleaved VCSEL-RCPD arrays for optical information processing (2003)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are uniquely suited for massively parallel interconnects and scannerless imaging applications due to their small size, high efficiency and amiability to formation of high-density 2-dimensional arrays. We have successfully fabricated 4096 element arrays (64×64) containing alternating rows of selectively-oxidized 850 nm VCSELs and resonant-cavity photodetectors (RCPDs) on a 55 micron pitch monolithically integrated on semi-insulating GaAs substrates. We employ a matrix addressable architecture to reduce the input and output electrical connections to the array, where all the VCSELs (or RCPDs) in each row are connected by a common metal trace at the base of their mesas. The columns are connected by metal traces that bridge from mesa top to mesa top, connecting every other row (i.e., only VCSELs or only RCPDs). The design, fabrication and performance of these arrays is discussed.
The New urban infrastructure: cities and telecommunications (1990)

Preface Introduction Atlanta Boston El Paso-Cuidad Juarez Houston Los Angeles Miami Minneapolis New York City Phoenix Pittsburgh Seattle Toronto Conclusion Telecommunications Glossary Selected Bibliography Index
Optically interconnected high-performance servers (2012)

ABSTRACT In this project the viability of an optically-enhanced chassis providing u 10nGbit/s bandwidth for both point-to-point and broadcast communication between servers is determined. Keywords: High performance computers, medium access layer, optical backplane, optical interconnection 1. INTRODUCTION High performance computing latforms such as data centerp s for Internet search engines and supercomputers for climate modeling are expected to support increasing bandwidth as the speed of multi-core processors increases [1, 2]. However, the full computational potential of processors has become difficult to achieve due to larger amount of data to transfer between processors in a computer cluster. The project in collaboration with Reflex Photonics aim at specifically addressing the density and power dissipation issues regarding the next generation of high-performance computing platforms. The primary objective is to develop a power-efficient interconnection architecture with optically enhanced backplane that uses LightABLE parallel optical engine prototypes [3]. This parallelism requires also some modifications in the implementation of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the transmitter and the receiver sides. The project enablesto investigate and compare the energy efficiency of optical interconnection for different applications running on the server.
Bit-Resolution Improvement of an Optically Sampled Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter Based on Data Averaging (2011)

In this paper, we present an experimental method demonstrating an improvement in the resolution of optically sampled time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) by applying a data averaging technique. We implemented two experiments for oversampling four times the bandwidth of an analog input signal using a multichannel time-interleaved arrangement. The sampling rate for each experiment was 2.08 gigasamples per second. In the first experiment, the optically sampled signal of each channel is digitized by a single ADC, whereas in the second, the signal is simultaneously digitized by four ADCs, and thereafter, the four digitized samples are averaged. A 20-dBm white-noise signal was superimposed on the input analog signal to test the implemented ADC systems. An improvement in the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio from 55.58 to 61.44 dB was achieved with averaging. Likewise, an improvement in the effective number of bits from 8.94 to 9.91 was achieved with averaging.
Wirkung von Diisocyanat als reaktiver Koppler in TPU/PA6‐Blends (1993)

Abstract Zur Verbesserung der Werkstoffeigenschaften von thermoplastischen Polyurethanen (TPU), wie etwa der Wärmeformbeständigkeit, ist es sinnvoll, ein Blending mit Thermoplasten vorzunehmen. Eine gute Phasenverträglichkeit und Phasenhaftung bei thermodynamisch unverträglichen Blendkomponenten kann durch geeignete reaktive Koppler erreicht werden. Bei den Blends aus TPU and PA6 wird Diisocyanat während der Extrusion in der Schmelze eingebracht. Durch die ablaufenden chemischen Reaktionen werden bei extrudierten und verspritzten Blends und bei aus der Lösung erzeugten Systemen aus Polyesterpolyurethan und PA6 verträglichkeitsverbessernde Wirkungen erreicht. Diese wurden als Folge von mit 4,4′‐Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) initiierten Reaktionen in der Grenzschicht erkannt, wobei die möglichen Reaktionen mit der PA6‐Phase anhand eines Modellsystems aus der Lösung diskutiert werden. Bei Blends aus Polyetherpolyurethan und PA6 wurde keine Verträglichkeitsvermittlung durch MDI nachgewiesen. Die chemische Charakterisierung der Blends erfolgte durch GPC und FTIR, während die morphologischen Eigenschaften mittels DSC, DMA und Elektronenmikroskopie dokumentiert wurden.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Pancreatic  -Cell Degeneration, and Diabetes (2012)

Overwhelming of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)--referred to as "ER stress"--activates a set of intracellular signaling pathways termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Beneficial outputs of the UPR promote adaptation in cells experiencing manageably low levels of ER stress. However, if ER stress reaches critically high levels, the UPR uses destructive outputs to trigger programmed cell death. Genetic mutations in various UPR components cause inherited syndromes of diabetes mellitus in both rodents and humans, implicating the UPR in the proper functioning and survival of pancreatic islet β cells. Markers of chronically elevated ER stress, terminal UPR signaling, and apoptosis are evident in β cells in these rare disorders; these markers are similarly present in islets of human patients with common forms of diabetes. These findings promise to enhance our molecular understanding of human diabetes significantly and may lead to new and effective therapies.
Validation of the Association of Genetic Variants on Chromosome 9p21 and 1q41 With Myocardial Infarction in a Japanese Population (2008)

Although the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood, the previously reported association between the 2 SNPs (rs1333049 and rs17465637) and MI was reproduced in this Japanese sample.