gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of organic solvents taken on charcoal tube samplers by a simplified technique. Addendum (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of organic solvents taken on charcoal tube samplers by a simplified technique. AddendumBenjamin. Levadie and Stephen. MacAskillCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 11, 1656Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50005a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50005a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep Neural Networks in Computational Neuroscience (2019)

The goal of computational neuroscience is to find mechanistic explanations of how the nervous system processes information to give rise to cognitive function and behavior. At the heart of the field are its models, that is, mathematical and computational descriptions of the system being studied, which map sensory stimuli to neural responses and/or neural to behavioral responses. These models range from simple to complex. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have come to dominate several domains of artificial intelligence (AI). As the term “neural network” suggests, these models are inspired by biological brains. However, current DNNs neglect many details of biological neural networks. These simplifications contribute to their computational efficiency, enabling them to perform complex feats of intelligence, ranging from perceptual (e.g., visual object and auditory speech recognition) to cognitive tasks (e.g., machine translation), and on to motor control (e.g., playing computer games or controlling a robot arm). In addition to their ability to model complex intelligent behaviors, DNNs excel at predicting neural responses to novel sensory stimuli with accuracies well beyond any other currently available model type. DNNs can have millions of parameters, which are required to capture the domain knowledge needed for successful task performance. Contrary to the intuition that this renders them into impenetrable black boxes, the computational properties of the network units are the result of four directly manipulable elements: <italic>input statistics</italic> , <italic>network structure</italic> , <italic>functional objective</italic> , and <italic>learning algorithm</italic> . With full access to the activity and connectivity of all units, advanced visualization techniques, and analytic tools to map network representations to neural data, DNNs represent a powerful framework for building task-performing models and will drive substantial insights in computational neuroscience.
Dermascope guided multiple reference optical coherence tomography (2014)

In this paper, we report the feasibility of integrating a novel low cost optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a dermascope for point-of-care applications. The proposed OCT system is based on an enhanced time-domain optical coherence tomographic system, called multiple reference OCT (MR-OCT), which uses a single miniature voice coil actuator and a partial mirror for extending the axial scan range. The system can simultaneously register both the superficial dermascope image and the depth-resolved OCT sub-surface information by an interactive beam steering method. A practitioner is able to obtain the depth resolved information of the point of interest by simply using the mouse cursor. The proposed approach of combining a dermascope with a low cost OCT provides a unique powerful optical imaging modality for a range of dermatological applications. Hand-held dermascopic OCT devices would also enable point of care and remote health monitoring.
Highly Sensitive Method for Amplification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 DNA (1998)

We evaluated a new human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) DNA amplification strategy based on peripheral blood mononuclear cell long PCR (XL PCR) followed by nested PCR amplification. The primers used were located in the highly conserved long terminal repeat and in the pol regions of the genome. Five primer pairs corresponding to different regions of the HIV-2 env gene were used in the nested step. Samples from 42 patients were tested, which yielded positive amplification with at least two primer pairs in 40 (95%) samples. A primer pair (EB2/EB5) located on the V3 region succeeded in amplifying proviral DNA in 40 samples.
CXCL1 but Not IL-6 Is Required for Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis (2014)

Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is characterized by an inflammatory response that includes neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, and T cells. The factors that are responsible for this inflammation are proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Many of these factors have been defined for primary disease, but relatively few have been investigated during recurrent HSK. The present study was designed to determine the role that two of these factors, IL-6 and CXCL1, play during recurrent HSK. Results clearly indicate that unlike primary disease, IL-6 plays no role in recurrent HSK. However, the presence of CXCL1 is required for recurrent HSK as evidenced by the lack of corneal disease in mice treated with anti-CXCL1 Ab. This was confirmed using mice lacking the primary receptor for CXCL1, CXCR2. Corneal disease in this strain was significantly reduced compared with wild-type C57BL/6 controls. Unexpectedly, lack of disease occurs even though CXCL1 knockout mice display increased viral shedding at the cornea. The primary mechanism that CXCL1 plays during disease is its ability to stimulate neutrophils to infiltrate the cornea following reactivation. This paper provides further evidence that primary HSK and recurrent HSK possess overlapping yet distinct disease mechanisms.
Case 35-1989 (1989)

Presentation of CaseA 25-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain, chills, and fever.The patient was black and a native of Haiti, who immigrated to this country four years earlier and attended college. Two months before admission he returned to Haiti for a one-month visit. Twenty-four days before entry he experienced the sudden onset of diffuse, crampy abdominal pain, accompanied by fever, chills, and sweats. He was seen at another hospital, where erythromycin was prescribed, and he felt improved after three or four days. Eighteen days before admission chills, fever, and sweats recurred, with a . . .
Immune Dysfunction During Alcohol Consumption and Murine AIDS: The Protective Role of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (1999)

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after development of severe immunosuppressive changes. Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption accentuates the severity of murine AIDS (MAIDS). Because hormone production is often suppressed by chronic EtOH intake, as well as retrovirus infection, we investigated whether hormone supplementation during chronic EtOH consumption contributes to slowing immune dysfunction caused by LP-BM5 infection and/or EtOH use. Because dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was previously shown to have immune-enhancing properties during MAIDS, we determined whether DHEAS reduced cytokine dysregulation otherwise exacerbated by chronic EtOH intake during MAIDS. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were infected with LP-BM5 murine retrovirus. Some were fed 40% EtOH in drinking water and agar gel for 16 weeks postinfection. EtOH consumption further inhibited T- and B-cell proliferation beyond suppression due to retrovirus infection. Interleukin (IL)-2 release produced by concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes was reduced by EtOH use by infected and uninfected mice. DHEAS overcame much of the effects induced by retrovirus infection and/or EtOH use. IL-4 secretion and IL-6 secretion were enhanced. Hepatic vitamin E levels were decreased by murine retrovirus infection, as well as by EtOH use in both uninfected and infected mice. In addition, DHEAS (0.01%) supplementation during MAIDS prevented the further dysregulation of cytokines and hepatic lipid peroxidation due to EtOH intake, partially restored T- and B-cell proliferation, and maintained hepatic vitamin E levels to near normal levels.
Intrathecal Delivery of Medications (1990)

Department of Neurosurgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois 60612
Selective Inhibition of Adaptor Complex‐Mediated Vesiculation (2000)

A short while ago, we could only inhibit post-Golgi membrane traffic with crude, unselective tools, such as low temperature or high extracellular sucrose. Molecular dissection of vesiculation steps has revealed unexpected complexity in the coating machinery that has initiated a search for more specific inhibitors. We have learned that membrane vesiculation is driven by a tightly regulated multicomponent, membrane-associated protein machine held together by carefully specified interaction domains. An experimental advantage of such complex interacting machinery is that it is very susceptible to disruption by dominant negative inhibitors or by overexpression. As a result, we now have much more specific inhibitors of post-Golgi membrane traffic. Some, such as dynamin K44A, may be general inhibitors, whereas others can distinguish classes of endocytotic events (10), binding events that require clathrin from those that do not (42), or specific steps of endocytosis (62). Ligand-mediated uptake of EGF and numerous, but not all, GPCRs can be inhibited by overexpression of an ARF GTPase-activating protein that has no effect on transferrin uptake (67). We can look forward to increasingly powerful and selective inhibitors that should help us to navigate successfully the complex routes of post-Golgi membrane traffic.
Kinetic analysis of glucose-6-phosphatase: an investigative approach to carbohydrate metabolism and kinetics (2001)

The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) to glucose. This is one of the key steps in gluconeogenesis and is critically important in maintaining stable blood glucose levels in most mammals. G-6-Pase is primarily found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes and can easily be studied using isolated microsomes prepared from liver ER. A three-part undergraduate laboratory exercise uses rat liver microsomes to focus on the enzymatic analysis of G-6-Pase. The assessment of G-6-Pase activity is conducted using a stopped assay protocol combined with a colorimetric determination of inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels. The laboratory exercise was designed to carry out an independent inhibition investigation using orthovanadate, a competitive inhibitor of G-6-Pase with potential clinical importance. The format of the three-part investigation provides a useful mechanism for demonstrating enzyme kinetics and competitive inhibition using an enzyme that is important for carbohydrate metabolism and glycogen storage disease.
100 Years of Bakelite, the Material of a 1000 Uses (2008)

The beginning of the plastics age: Just over one hundred years ago, on July 13 1907, Leo H. Baekeland applied for a patent for the processing of a product that had an enormous influence on the development of our technology, and which changed our habits forever. The patent described Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic, which heralded our entrance into the plastics age.
Regulatory Roles of IL-2 and IL-4 in H4/Inducible Costimulator Expression on Activated CD4+ T Cells During Th Cell Development (2003)

We found a tight correlation among the levels of H4/inducible costimulator (ICOS) expression, IL-4 production, and GATA-3 induction, using activated CD4(+) T cells obtained from six different murine strains. BALB/c-activated CD4(+) T cells expressed approximately 10-fold more H4/ICOS on their surfaces and produced approximately 10-fold more IL-4 upon restimulation than C57BL/6-activated CD4(+) T cells. BALB/c naive CD4(+) T cells were shown to produce much higher amounts of IL-2 and IL-4 upon primary stimulation than C57BL/6 naive CD4(+) T cells. Neutralization of IL-4 with mAbs in culture of BALB/c naive CD4(+) T cells strongly down-regulated both H4/ICOS expression on activated CD4(+) T cells and IL-4 production upon subsequent restimulation. Conversely, exogenous IL-4 added to the culture of BALB/c or C57BL/6 naive CD4(+) T cells up-regulated H4/ICOS expression and IL-4 production upon restimulation. In addition, retroviral expression of GATA-3 during the stimulation of naive CD4(+) T cells from C57BL/6 or IL-4(-/-) mice increased H4/ICOS expression on activated CD4(+) T cells. A similar effect of IL-2 in the primary culture of BALB/c naive CD4(+) T cells appeared to be mediated by IL-4, the production of which was regulated by IL-2. These data suggest that IL-4 induced by IL-2 is critical to the maintenance of high H4/ICOS expression on BALB/c-activated CD4(+) T cells.
Congestion-Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Congestion in mobile ad hoc networks leads to transmission delays and packet loss, and causes wastage of time and energy on recovery. Routing protocols which are adaptive to the congestion status of a mobile ad hoc network can greatly improve the network performance. In this paper, we propose a congestion-aware routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks which uses a metric incorporating data-rate, MAC overhead, and buffer delay to combat congestion. This metric is used, together with the avoidance of mismatched link data-rate routes, to make mobile ad hoc networks robust and adaptive to congestion.
Continuous co-administration of dextromethorphan or MK-801 with morphine: attenuation of morphine dependence and naloxone-reversible attenuation of morphine tolerance (1996)

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists have been repeatedly shown to attenuate the development of opiate tolerance and dependence in rodents. In the present experiments, continuous subcutaneous infusion of either MK-801 (0.01 mg/kg/h but not 0.005 mg/kg/h) or DM (0.133, 0.67 and 1.33 mg/kg/h) reliably prolonged the antinociceptive effect of continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine sulfate (2.0 mg/kg/h), indicating attenuation of the development of morphine tolerance. Furthermore, this prolonged antinociception was completely reversible by naloxone (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Doses of MK-801 and DM that were equipotent in attenuating morphine tolerance (0.01 mg/kg/h and 1.33 mg/kg/h, respectively) revealed different profiles of effects, however, on locomotor activity and naloxone-precipitated abstinence/withdrawal symptoms. With regard to locomotor activity, rats having received continuous (48 h) subcutaneous infusion of morphine sulfate and MK-801, but not rats having received morphine sulfate and DM, displayed a reliable and striking increase in locomotor activity as compared with rats having received morphine alone. With regard to naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms, continuous (48 h) subcutaneous co-infusion of either MK-801 (0.01 mg/kg/h) or DM (1.33 mg/kg/h) with morphine attenuated naloxone-precipitated hyperalgesia as compared with rats infused with morphine alone. MK-801 (0.01 mg/kg/h) was more effective than DM (0.133, 0.67, or 1.33 mg/kg/h), however, in reducing other naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms (teeth chattering, jumping and wet dog shakes). The effects of MK-801 on all withdrawal symptoms were confounded, however, by the appearance of flaccidity following naloxone administration to rats having received MK-801 and morphine. These results extend previous observations by showing that the prolonged antinociception observed following co-administration of morphine and an NMDA antagonist is completely naloxone-reversible, supporting the notion that this antinociception reflects prolongation of an opioid receptor-mediated effect. The different profiles of side effects associated with MK-801 and DM, however, suggest that (1) attenuation of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms by MK-801 may be an artifact of toxicity, and (2) DM may prove clinically useful for the prevention of morphine tolerance, given its lack of observable side effects when administered concurrently with morphine to rodents.
An integrated debugging environment for reprogrammble hardware systems (2005)

Reprogrammable hardware systems are traditionally very difficult to debug due to their high level of parallelism. In our solution to this problem, features are inserted into the user's design which allow the system to be monitored and updated at runtime. An assortment of logic is added before synthesis to allow variable buffering, assertion checking, and automatic breakpointing. Low-level clock control and access to off-chip storage is managed by a custom hardware operating system. Through the addition of these features, a system can be debugged directly on the hardware, bypassing simulation and reducing iterations through the design flow.
Generating photoacoustic signals using high-peak power pulsed laser diodes (2005)

Photoacoustic signals are usually generated using bulky and expensive Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers, with limited scope for varying the pulse repetition frequency, wavelength and pulse width. An alternative would be to use laser diodes as excitation sources; these devices are compact, relatively inexpensive, and available in a wide variety of NIR wavelengths. Their pulse duration and repetition rates can also be varied arbitrarily enabling a wide range of time and frequency domain excitation methods to be employed. The main difficulty to overcome when using laser diodes for pulsed photoacoustic excitation is their low peak power compared to Q-switched lasers. However, the much higher repetition rate of laser diodes (~ kHz) compared to many Q-switched laser systems (~ tens of Hz) enables a correspondingly greater number of events to be acquired and signal averaged over a fixed time period. This offers the prospect of significantly increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detected photoacoustic signal. Choosing the wavelength of the laser diode to be lower than that of the water absorption peak at 940nm, may also provide a significant advantage over a system lasing at 1064nm for measurements in tissue. If the output of a number of laser diodes is combined it then becomes possible, in principle, to obtain a SNR approaching that achievable with a Q-switched laser. It is also suggested that optimising the pulse duration of the laser diode may reduce the effects of frequency-dependent acoustic attenuation in tissue on the photoacoustic signal. To investigate this, a numerical model based on the Poisson solution to the wave equation was developed. To validate the model, a high peak power pulsed laser diode system was built. It was composed of a 905nm stacked array laser diode coupled to an optical fibre and driven by a high current laser diode driver. Measurements of the SNR of photoacoustic signals generated in a purely absorbing medium (ink) were made as a function of pulse duration. This preliminary study shows the potential for using laser diodes as excitation sources for photoacoustic applications in the biomedical field.
Sistematización del Proyecto CARS ejecutado por la URACCAN, Municipio de Puerto Cabezas (2020)

El proyecto Acción Comunitaria para la Lectura y Seguridad (CARS por sus siglas en inglés), tuvo el propósito de mejorar los resultados de la lectura y contribuir a la reducción de la inseguridad ciudadana de la niñez en preescolar y en los primeros grados de educación primaria. En este sentido se presenta la sistematización de la experiencia y los resultados del proyecto en los grupos meta. Es un estudio de carácter cualitativo, con enfoque participativo de los actores involucrados de esta experiencia centrándose en la implementación de las metodologías: Aprendo-Práctico-Aplico (APA) y Fonético-Analítico-Sintético (FAS); así mismo, las acciones desarrolladas para la identificación y abordaje de factores de inseguridad en la escuela y la comunidad, Trata de personas y violencia basada en género, en once escuelas del municipio de Puerto Cabezas en el 2018. Los resultados de la sistematización evidencian los procesos desarrollados, logros alcanzados y las lecciones aprendidas en la aplicación de las metodologías pedagógicas que servirán para futuras experiencias.
Potential transition state analog for adenosine deaminase (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential transition state analog for adenosine deaminaseBen Evans and Richard WolfendenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 15, 4751–4752Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00718a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00718a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts