gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocurrent Improvement by Incorporation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in TiO<sub>2</sub>Film of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2003)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCN) were integrated in <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> film and the beneficial influence on the dyesensitized solar cells in terms of improved photocurrent was studied in the light of static J-V characteristics obtained both under illumination and in the dark, photocurrent transients, IPCE spectra and impedance spectra. Compared with a solar cell without SWCN, it is established that the photocurrent density of the modified cell increases at all applied potentials. The enhanced photocurrent density is correlated with the augmented concentration of electrons in the conduction band of <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> and with increased electrical conductivity. Explanations are additionally corroborated with the help of SEM, Raman spectra and dye-desorption measurements.
Symptomatic therapy in multiple sclerosis: the role of cannabinoids in treating spasticity (2012)

A large proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have spasticity, which has a marked impact on their quality of life. Anecdotal evidence suggests a beneficial effect of cannabis on spasticity as well as pain. Recently, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have confirmed the clinical efficacy of cannabinoids for the treatment of spasticity in patients with MS. Based on these data, nabiximols (Sativex), a 1:1 mix of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol extracted from cloned Cannabis sativa chemovars, received approval for treating MS-related spasticity in various countries around the globe. In this article we review the current understanding of cannabinoid biology and the value of cannabinoids as a symptomatic treatment option addressing spasticity in patients with MS.
Purification of Antibodies from Protein Mixtures and Mouse Ascites Fluid Using Zeolite X (1998)

Zeolite A and calcium phosphate modified Zeolite A have been shown to be a new effective packing material in ion exchange chromatography for the purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from binary mixtures and mouse ascites fluid. This study was to determine the effectiveness of purifying IgG using Zeolite X and dealuminated Zeolite X with twice the pore size of Zeolite A. Binary mixtures (IgG-albumin and IgG-transferrin) and a mouse ascites fluid were purified in Zeolite X (in Na+, K+, or NH4+ form) chromatographic columns and with dealuminated Zeolite X under a variety of operational conditions. The biological activity of the purified IgG from the mouse ascites fluid was confirmed by ELISA. The characteristics of zeolites in the present study suggest that functional groups of a protein displace the cations of zeolites near the crystal surfaces and create a different strength of affinity. The study demonstrated that Zeolite X and dealuminated Zeolite X are also promising new packing materials for the purification of IgG from biological materials.
Effect of Ionic Calcium and Magnesium on Human Platelet Aggregation (1970)

SummaryThe ionic calcium requirement for platelet aggregation is much lower than that required for fibrin formation. Maximal aggregation can still take place with the [Ca2+] well below 5 × 10−6M. Chelation of Ca2+ with EGTA results in a decrease in aggregation at a higher [Ca2+] than when EDTA is employed. This seems to indicate that the [Ca2+]/[Mg2+] ratio may be of importance at low ionic concentrations. However, excess [Ca2+] and/or [Mg2+] above the normal levels inhibit aggregation. In fact, when both of these ions are added in excess of the normal levels their inhibitory effects are additive, indicating that the [Ca2+]/[Mg2+] ratio is of little consequence under these conditions.Platelet aggregation is not inhibited by the calcium complex of either EDTA or EGTA.
Complex networks as a unified framework for descriptive analysis and predictive modeling in climate science (2010)

Abstract The analysis of climate data has relied heavily on hypothesis‐driven statistical methods, while projections of future climate are based primarily on physics‐based computational models. However, in recent years a wealth of new datasets has become available. Therefore, we take a more data‐centric approach and propose a unified framework for studying climate, with an aim toward characterizing observed phenomena as well as discovering new knowledge in climate science. Specifically, we posit that complex networks are well suited for both descriptive analysis and predictive modeling tasks. We show that the structural properties of ‘climate networks’ have useful interpretation within the domain. Further, we extract clusters from these networks and demonstrate their predictive power as climate indices. Our experimental results establish that the network clusters are statistically significantly better predictors than clusters derived using a more traditional clustering approach. Using complex networks as data representation thus enables the unique opportunity for descriptive and predictive modeling to inform each other. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 497–511, 2011
Partial-MDS Codes and their Application to RAID Type of Architectures (2012)

A family of codes with a natural two-dimensional structure is presented, inspired by an application of RAID type of architectures whose units are solid state drives (SSDs). Arrays of SSDs behave differently to arrays of hard disk drives (HDDs), since hard errors in sectors are common and traditional RAID approaches (like RAID 5 or RAID 6) may be either insufficient or excessive. An efficient solution to this problem is given by the new codes presented, called partial-MDS (PMDS) codes.
Tumor uptake as a function of tumor mass: a mathematic model. (1988)

Inverse correlations of tumor uptake (u), measured in percent injected dose per gram, with tumor mass (m) are demonstrated for phospholipid vesicle, nonspecific and specific monoclonal antibody tracers. Correlation coefficients implied u = B mA in 11 different animal experiments. Experimental exponent (A) values lay in the range -0.28-0.64 with a mean of -0.43 while intercept (B) values varied from 3 to 18. Spherical and cylindrical tumor models implied exponents of -0.33 and -0.5, respectively. Comparison of three implantation sites of the human LS174T xenograft revealed a narrow range of exponents (-0.38- -0.46) indicating a consistent geometry for this tumor. Blood flow to the lesion site and inside its volume (as dictated by tumor size) are factors in tumor uptake. Our results indicate that biodistribution data should include the variation of tumor uptake with mass. For less than 10 g lesions, we predict that radiation absorbed dose will be highly dependent upon tumor size.
Constant time inverse-detection gradient accordion rescaled heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy: CIGAR-HMBC (2000)

A further refinement of the recently reported IMPEACH-MBC long-range heteronuclear shift correlation experiment is described. The new experiment, CIGAR-HMBC (constant time inverse-detected gradient accordion rescaled long-range heteronuclear multiple bond correlation), modifies the constant time variable delay of the IMPEACH-MBC experiment to allow user-determined scaling of F1 modulation. The refinement offered in the CIGAR-HMBC experiment allows the investigator to reintroduce whatever degree of F1 modulation is desired to authenticate weak long-range responses. Results obtained with the CIGAR-HMBC experiment using a range of values for Jscale are compared with results obtained with identically optimized ACCORD-HMBC and IMPEACH-MBC experiments. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel peptide-based vaccines efficiently prime murine “help”-independent CD8+ T cell responses in the liver (2004)

Vaccines for the prophylactic and/or therapeutic immunization against hepatotropic pathogens (e.g., hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus) should establish long-lasting, specific antiviral effector/memory CD8+ T cell immunity in the liver. We describe a novel peptide-based vaccine in which antigenic major histocompatibility complex Class I-binding peptides are fused to a cationic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus tat-derived) domain and complexed to immune-stimulating oligonucleotides. This vaccine formulation efficiently primes liver-homing, Class I-restricted CD8+ effector/memory T cell responses. In different antigen systems, this formulation was more potent in priming liver-homing CD8+ T cell responses than DNA-based vaccines delivering the same epitopes. CD8+ T cell priming was independent of CD4+ T cell "help" but submitted to regulatory control by CD25+ CD4+ T cells. The vaccine efficiently primed memory/effector CD8+ T cells detectable in the liver for more than 3 months after a single injection. With increasing time after priming, the phenotype of these specific memory CD8+ T cells shifted from an effector memory to a central memory type. The vaccine could override T cell tolerance in mice expressing the relevant antigen from a transgene in the liver. The CD8+ T cell immunity in the liver primed by this peptide formulation could be boosted by challenge injections. In conclusion, we describe a simple and potent vaccine formulation that has the potential to generate or reconstitute specific CD8+ T cell immunity to hepatotropic pathogens in the liver.
Peptidyl Aldehyde Inhibitors of Proteasome Induce Apoptosis Rapidly in Mouse Lymphoma RVC Cells (1997)

Proteases play an important role in regulation of apoptosis. To elucidate the role of proteasome in apoptosis, we examined the effects of the proteasome inhibitors, carbobenzoxy-L-isoleucyl-gamma-t-butyl-L-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L-leucinal and carbobenzoxy-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norvalinal on RVC lymphoma cells. Cells exposed to the proteasome inhibitors arrested at G2/M phase followed by internucleosomal DNA cleavage, chromatin condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies dose- and time-dependently. Ubiquitinated histone H2A levels decreased in the exposed cells, suggesting a relationship between deubiquitination of histone H2A and the chromatin disarray seen in apoptosis. Northern blots showed an increase in expression of polyubiquitin genes early in the incubation. These findings suggest that the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome-proteolytic system is involved in regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis in RVC cells.
Peracetylated Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase (BCA-Ac<sub>18</sub>) Is Kinetically More Stable than Native BCA to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (2006)

Bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) and its derivative with all lysine groups acetylated (BCA-Ac18) have different stabilities toward denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). This difference is kinetic: BCA-Ac18 denatures more slowly than BCA by several orders of magnitude over concentrations of SDS ranging from 2.5 to 10 mM. The rates of renaturation of BCA-Ac18 are greater than those of BCA, when these proteins are allowed to refold from a denatured state ([SDS]=10 mM) to a folded state ([SDS]=0.1 to 1.5 mM). On renaturation, the yields of the correctly folded protein (either BCA or BCA-Ac18) decrease with increasing concentration of SDS. At intermediate concentrations of SDS (from 0.7 to 2 mM for BCA, and from 1.5 to 2 mM for BCA-Ac18), both unfolding and refolding of the proteins are too slow to be observed; an alternative process-probably aggregation-competes with refolding of the denatured proteins at those intermediate concentrations. Because it is experimentally impractical to prove equilibrium, it is not possible to establish whether there is a difference in the thermodynamics of unfolding/refolding between BCA and BCA-Ac18.
Facile Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines and Pyrimido[4,5‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐4‐one Derivatives (2006)

Abstract Pyrazolopyrimidine and pyrimidopyrimidine derivatives have shown a wide range of biological activities such as acting as A1 adenosine receptors, kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), Rous sarcoma oncogene (Src), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), antiproliferative, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), antimicrobial, antifungal, and lipid peroxidation. Because of this wide range of activities, we have synthesized pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines and pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives.
Comparative structure–function analysis of cytolethal distending toxins (2005)

Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) constitute a family of bacterial proteins that enter eukaryotic cells with genotoxic activity leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CDTs are widespread, having been found in a variety of Gram-negative pathogens with a broad tissue tropism. The recently determined crystal structure of the Haemophilus ducreyi CDT provides a powerful starting point for analysis of the structure and function in this toxin family. In this study, we apply comparative modeling and structural analysis to extend the experimental structural information to multiple CDT toxins from a diverse species. Analysis of structurally and functionally important residues in the active subunit, CdtB, and putative cell delivery elements, CdtA and CdtC, begins to establish the fundamental, mechanistic elements of this unique holotoxin. The results reveal that key structural features with important functional consequences are highly conserved across different CDTs, providing a blueprint for directed examination of functional hypotheses in a variety of pathogenic contexts.
Nitrogen-Enriched Nanocarbons with a 3-D Continuous Mesopore Structure from Polyacrylonitrile for Supercapacitor Application (2010)

A kind of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon with a 3-D continuous mesopore structure was prepared by using silica gel as a template. Both the mesopore structure and the nitrogen content could be easily tailored by controlling the carbonization temperature. With decreasing the carbonization temperature, the porosity gradually decreased, while the nitrogen content increased. The sample carbonized at 800 °C and showed the highest specific capacitance of 210 F g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1, which could still stay over 90% when the current density increased by 10 times. The good electrochemical properties could be ascribed to the following three factors: (1) the great pseudocapacitance of nitrogen functionalities, which is 28% of the total capacitance, (2) the 3-D continuous pore structure with a high mesoporosity of 92.5%, and (3) the enhanced wettability resulting from the nitrogen on the carbon skeleton.
The Miniature1 Seed Locus of Maize Encodes a Cell Wall Invertase Required for Normal Development of Endosperm and Maternal Cells in the Pedicel (1996)

Wan-Hsing Cheng, Earl W. Tallercio, Prem S. Chourey, The Miniature1 Seed Locus of Maize Encodes a Cell Wall Invertase Required for Normal Development of Endosperm and Maternal Cells in the Pedicel, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 6 (Jun., 1996), pp. 971-983
Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis (2014)

An increasing variety of petroleum feedstocks has produced an ever diversifying array of petroleum products. Consequently, new analytical techniques are constantly being developed in order to determine the appropriate applications for these new products. The Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis provides detailed explanations of the necessary standard tests and procedures that are applicable to these products in order to determine the predictability of their behavior.A companion to James G. Speight's Handbook of Petroleum Analysis, this book describes the application of methods for determining the instability and incompatibility of petroleum products. More importantly, the Handbook provides details of the meaning of various test results and how they might be applied to predict product behavior. Written in a readable, conversational style that makes the book easy to use, Dr. Speight's text does not compete with the Annual Book of ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Standards; instead, the Handbook complements it by explaining the raison d'etre of various testing methods, making a case for standardizing protocols across international boundaries. Chapters include:

-Naphtha
-Aviation Fuel
-Kerosene
-Distillate Fuel Oil
-Asphalt

Chemists and engineers in the refining industry, as well as students, will find Dr. Speight's Handbook to be an accessible, invaluable guide to understanding the methods for analyzing petroleum products. (less)
Pharmaceutical aspects of mucositis mouthwash mixtures (1995)

Journal Article Pharmaceutical aspects of mucositis mouthwash mixtures Get access Bruce A. Mueller, Pharm.D., BCPS, Bruce A. Mueller, Pharm.D., BCPS Associate Professor of Clinicai Pharmacy Purdue University Pharmacy Programs Office, OPW 201 Wishard Memorial Hospital 1001 W. Tenth Street Indianapolis, IN 46202 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eric T. Millheim, Pharm.D Eric T. Millheim, Pharm.D Clinical Pharmacist Pharmacy Department St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers 1600 Albany Street Beech Grove, IN 46107 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 52, Issue 22, 15 November 1995, Pages 2596–2597, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/52.22.2596 Published: 15 November 1995
Sternal reconstruction with titanium plates in complicated sternal dehiscence (2008)

Titanium plate fixation is an effective method to stabilize complicated sternal dehiscence. The longitudinal plating technique is easier to apply and seems to be associated with fewer complications.
Research on the Development Technology of Cross Platform Hybrid Mobile Application Based on HTML5 (2016)

Because there are many differences in the different operating systems of intelligent equipment, application software adaptation workload will be multiplied. Based on HTML5 cross platform development framework, such as PhoneGap, Sencha Touch, Titanium and AppCan and so on, can easily solve the cross platform problem, reduce software development cycle and the costs of software development and maintenance. This paper mainly introduced PhoneGap, Sencha Touch, Titanium and AppCan cross platform development framework, compared to their advantages and disadvantages, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of cross platform mobile hybrid mobile development mode based on HTML5.Finally, this paper looked forward to the development of HTML5 and development technology of cross platform hybrid mobile application based on HTML5.
True-amplitude finite-offset migration (1991)

Seismic reflection data provide traveltimes and amplitudes of seismic waves. Current processing and interpretation are, however, almost totally based on traveltime measurements. This is easy to understand as traveltimes possess the robustness and stability attributes required to the implementation of most seismic data manipulations. Amplitudes of primary reflection arrivals are strongly related to angular dependent refiection coefficients and, if properly processed, may be of great interpretational value.
The Effect of Cold Shock and Freeze-Thawing on Release of Phospholipids by Ram, Bull, and Boar Spermatozoa (1973)

The effects of cold shock and freeze-thawing on the release of total phospholipids phosphorus and of specific phospholipids from ram, bull, and boar spermatozoa are examined. Species differences are apparent, both in the absolute amount of total phospholipids released and in the conditions required to effect a loss of individual phospholipids. The phosphoglycerides most affected by the temperature treatment are choline plasmalogen, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphat idyl ethanolamine. The loss of phospholipids is most specific in boar spermatozoa. Bull spermatozoa suffer a greater overall and more general breakdown of phospholipids, indicating disruption of the cell structure. This is in contrast to the more specific phospholipid losses from ram and boar spermatozoa, which may indicate a more localized region of damage and release of material, possibly acrosomal. The loss of phospholipid may be correlated with the species differences in the fertility of the frozen spermatozoa.
Correction of motion artifacts in linogram and projection reconstruction MRI using geometry and consistency constraints (1996)

Motion results in various artifacts such as blurring and streaks in clinical imaging of subjects based on reconstruction from projections. We model subject motion-induced artifacts due to scaling, translational and rotational motion. A correction algorithm based on the Ludwig-Helgason consistency conditions is derived here. These conditions are satisfied whenever the projection data are consistent. We apply the algorithm to simulated data collected on linogram (LR) and projection reconstruction (PR) geometries, and to real PR geometry data, in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results show that motion-induced in-plane, interview artifacts can be reduced with application of the algorithm. The algorithm is general enough to be applied to certain other cases arising in tomographic imaging.
iPod: The Missing Manual (2003)

Apple's iPod still has the world hooked on portable music, pictures, videos, movies, and more, but one thing it doesn't have is a manual that helps you can get the most out this amazing device. That's where this book comes in. Get the complete scoop on the latest line of iPods and the latest version of iTunes with the guide that outshines them all-iPod: The Missing Manual. The 10th edition is as useful, satisfying, and reliable as its subject. Teeming with high-quality color graphics, each page helps you accomplish a specific task-everything from managing your media and installing and browsi
The highly virulent variola and monkeypox viruses express secreted inhibitors of type I interferon (2009)

Variola virus (VARV) caused smallpox, one of the most devastating human diseases and the first to be eradicated, but its deliberate release represents a dangerous threat. Virulent orthopoxviruses infecting humans, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV), could fill the niche left by smallpox eradication and the cessation of vaccination. However, immunomodulatory activities and virulence determinants of VARV and MPXV remain largely unexplored. We report the molecular characterization of the VARV- and MPXV-secreted type I interferon-binding proteins, which interact with the cell surface after secretion and prevent type I interferon responses. The proteins expressed in the baculovirus system have been purified, and their interferon-binding properties characterized by surface plasmon resonance. The ability of these proteins to inhibit a broad range of interferons was investigated to identify potential adaptation to the human immune system. Furthermore, we demonstrate by Western blot and activity assays the expression of the type I interferon inhibitor during VARV and MPXV infections. These findings are relevant for the design of new vaccines and therapeutics to smallpox and emergent virulent orthopoxviruses because the type I interferon-binding protein is a major virulence factor in animal models, vaccination with this protein induces protective immunity, and its neutralization prevents disease progression.
State trees as structured finite state machines for user interfaces (1988)

State trees are a technique for specifying the control of an interactive system by organizing states into trees to define shared structure and behavior. The tree structure permits inheritance of state information, event traps, and entry and exit actions from states to substates, thereby sharing information and reducing the amount of code to be written. An interface can be restructured by moving entire subtrees as modules. State trees separate the recognition of commands from their implementation, allowing either to be modified independently. State trees structure flow of control within an implementation without imposing an identical structure on the interface itself, which need not be hierarchical. State trees have been implemented in an object-oriented language and used to write interactive applications.