gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Step Change in Total System Approach through Wired Drillpipe Technology (2008)

Abstract The demand for increased oil and gas recovery requires the drilling of complex extended reach wells with optimized reservoir exposure for production and minimized overall production costs. In order to achieve these objectives, the use of high-end drilling and logging technology to optimize well placement is of the essence. However, the optimal utilization of this technology is often limited by the real-time transmission bandwidth of essential data from and to the downhole tools. The introduction of wired drillpipe technology has facilitated a step change in two-way data communication resulting in a high-speed data transmission giving much greater volume, resolution and quality of formation evaluation data and drilling dynamics data. Furthermore, the direct control of rotary steerable tools has now been enhanced to allow instantaneous programming changes and better utilization of dynamics data to enhance the decision making process required to address drilling dysfunction challenges, hole quality, gross ROP and BHA reliability. The high bandwidth technology was used while drilling two laterals on the Troll field's reservoir in the Norwegian North Sea in 2007. The memory quality data was transferred through wired drillpipe to the surface while geosteering through relatively unconsolidated sandstones with localized zones of hard calcite cementation. The bottom hole assembly employed, comprised multiple formation evaluation and dynamics sensors to fully understand the downhole drilling conditions. The data was transferred to the expert advisory centre onshore for advanced processing and interpretation to enable the critical decision making process. The adoption of a Total Systems Approach to select the ideal combination of application-specific drill bit, drilling system, and appropriate procedures and practices was presented and described by Stavland, et al (2006). Realizing the full benefit of the approach has been hampered by bandwidth restriction and time lag associated with conventional mud pulse telemetry. This paper will discuss how wired drillpipe technology has been utilized to enhance the Total System Approach concept during the first tests and how it will affect operations going forward.
New thermotropic chiral nematic copolymers using (1S,2S,3S,5R)-(+)- and (1R,2R,3R,5S)-(-)-isopinocampheol as building blocks (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew thermotropic chiral nematic copolymers using (1S,2S,3S,5R)-(+)- and (1R,2R,3R,5S)-(-)-isopinocampheol as building blocksS. H. Chen and M. L. TsaiCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 24, 5055–5058Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00226a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00226a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulation of the Affinity of Integrin α <sub>IIb</sub> β <sub>3</sub> (GPIIb-IIIa) by the Cytoplasmic Domain of α <sub>IIb</sub> (1991)

Intracellular signaling alters integrin adhesive functions in inflammation, immune responses, hemostasis, thrombosis, and retinal development. By truncating the cytoplasmic domain of alpha IIb, the affinity of integrin alpha IIb beta 3 for ligand was increased. Reconstitution with the cytoplasmic domain from integrin alpha 5 did not reverse the increased affinity. Thus, the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha subunit of GPIIb-IIIa controls ligand binding affinity, which suggests mechanisms for inside-out transmembrane signaling through integrins. These findings imply the existence of hitherto unappreciated hereditary and acquired thrombotic disorders in humans.
An Autonomic Approach to Denial of Service Defence (2005)

Denial of service attacks, viruses and worms are common tools for malicious adversarial behaviour in networks. We propose the use of our autonomic routing protocol, the cognitive packet network (CPN), as a means to defend nodes from distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, where one or more attackers generate flooding traffic from multiple sources towards selected nodes or IP addresses. We use both analytical and simulation modelling, and experiments on our CPN testbed, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of our approach in the presence of imperfect detection of DDoS attacks, and of false alarms.
Effect of coreactants on electrochemical glucose oxidation (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of coreactants on electrochemical glucose oxidationDavid A. Gough, Frank L. Anderson, Jose. Giner, Clark K. Colton, and J. Stuart. SoeldnerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 7, 941–944Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50029a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50029a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural engineering of the HIV‐1 protease molecule with a <i>β</i>‐turn mimic of fixed geometry (1993)

An important goal in the de novo design of enzymes is the control of molecular geometry. To this end, an analog of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1 protease) was prepared by total chemical synthesis, containing a constrained, nonpeptidic type II' beta-turn mimic of predetermined three-dimensional structure. The mimic beta-turn replaced residues Gly16,17 in each subunit of the homodimeric molecule. These residues constitute the central amino acids of two symmetry-related type I' beta-turns in the native, unliganded enzyme. The beta-turn mimic-containing enzyme analog was fully active, possessed the same substrate specificity as the Gly16,17-containing enzyme, and showed enhanced resistance to thermal inactivation. These results indicate that the precise geometry of the beta-turn at residues 15-18 in each subunit is not critical for activity, and that replacement of the native sequence with a rigid beta-turn mimic can lead to enhanced protein stability. Finally, the successful incorporation of a fixed element of secondary structure illustrates the potential of a "molecular kit set" approach to protein design and synthesis.
Energy dissipation and switching delay in spin-transfer torque switching of nanomagnets with low-saturation magnetization in the presence of thermal fluctuations (2011)

A common ploy to reduce the switching current and energy dissipation in spin-transfer-torque driven magnetization switching of shape-anisotropic single-domain nanomagnets is to employ magnets with low saturation magnetization $M_s$ and high shape-anisotropy. The high shape-anisotropy compensates for low $M_s$ to keep the static switching error rate constant. However, this ploy increases the switching delay, its variance in the presence of thermal noise, and the dynamic switching error rate. Using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with a random torque emulating thermal noise, we show that pumping some excess spin-polarized current into the nanomagnet during switching will keep the mean switching delay and its variance constant as we reduce $M_s$, while still reducing the energy dissipation significantly.
Regenerative Medicine for Traumatic Brain Injury(<SPECIAL ISSUE>Traumatic Brain Injury: Recent Advances) (2010)

頭部外傷は一次損傷と,それに引き続いて生じる二次損傷とからなり,今日の再生医療は主として二次損傷の軽減を企図するものである.頭部外傷ではさまざまな遺伝子発現が経時的に変化し,各ポイントが再生医療のターゲットになりえるため,これまでもさまざまな神経保護薬が研究されてきた.しかし,最終的に臨床試験で有効性が示された物質は非常に少なく,期待が持たれる一方で大きな困難を伴う分野である.われわれは頭部外傷モデルラットに対するエリスロポイエチンの持続脳室内投与により,有効な治療効果を得ることができた.多能性を有する幹細胞治療や遺伝子治療も今後の発展が期待されるものであるが,安全性の確立を含めたさらなる前臨床研究が必要である.
MicroRNA-7 Inhibits the Growth of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells through Targeting BCL-2 (2011)

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in tumorigenesis. Increasing evidences have indicated microRNA-7(miR-7) to be a potential tumor suppressor in several human cancers. However, only a limited number of target genes have been identified so far and its biological function in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) remains to be further elucidated. In the present study, we observed a reduction of miR-7 level in NSCLC cell lines. Overexpression of miR-7 not only suppressed NSCLC A549 cells proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration in vitro, but also reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Bioinformatics predictions revealed a potential binding site of miR-7 on 3'UTR of BCL-2 and it was further confirmed by luciferase assay. Moreover, subsequent experiments showed that BCL-2 was downregulated by miR-7 at both transcriptional and translational levels. These results suggest that miR-7 regulates the expression of BCL-2 through direct 3'UTR interactions. Therefore, we postulate BCL-2 to be a novel target possibly involved in miR-7-mediated growth suppression and apoptosis of A549 cells. These findings may provide a basic rationale for the use of miR-7 in the treatment of NSCLC.
Conceptual comparison of pink water treatment technologies: granular activated carbon, anaerobic fluidized bed, and zero-valent iron-Fenton process (2004)

Pink water, explosive-laden wastewater produced in army ammunition plants is often treated using expensive and non-destructive granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. This paper compares GAC adsorption and two alternative treatment technologies, anaerobic GAC fluidized bed reactor and zero-valent iron-Fenton process. The bench-scale demonstration of the zero-valent iron-Fenton process with real pink water is reported. The features of three technologies are compared and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed.
A formally verified modular decentralized robot control system (2002)

This paper addresses the design, verification and implementation of a fully decentralized linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control system based on transputer architecture. A decentralized, information filter is developed and extended to solve the decentralized control problem, keeping consistency with information space ideas. Locally processed information is shared by all nodes, so that optimal control is computed using the best, locally determined, global state estimate. There is no central processing site, and hence the system performance degrades gracefully under structural perturbations. The designed system is modeled and verified using Communicating Sequential Process (CSP) algebra. Software is developed in Parallel ANSI C. A simulated test implementation is effected using transputer-based hardware. Validation and performance analysis are carried out. Application to intelligent control of a modular, decentralized navigating robot is considered.
Some Aspects of Electron Beam Optics and X-Ray Production with the Linear Accelerator (1962)

Part I A mathematical presentation of linear accelerator fundamental design parameters leads to optimization formulae for X-ray output and operational stability. A narrow spread of electron energies is desirable in most linear accelerator applications and especially when post-acceleration beam bending is utilized to project a stable high energy X-ray beam at right angles to the accelerator waveguide. Part II Some consideration is given to electron source optics and an analysis of a chopped prebunched injection system is presented together with a comparison of different types of buncher design with emphasis on obtaining narrow energy spectrum small cross-section electron beams. A method of analysing prebunched injection current and buncher acceptance characteristics is described
Exploiting DPDK in Containerized Environment with Unsupported Hardware (2020)

Network virtualization is an attractive technique to deploy new network services in an agile and cost efficient way. However, since virtualization imposes additional performance overhead (e.g., disk input/output virtualization overhead), which results in higher latency for service deployment, new virtualization frameworks that accelerate the performance of virtualized network functions are becoming available. Among these frameworks, Intel has proposed a set of libraries to accelerate packet processing and to remove additional delays caused by context switching from kernel space to the user space in computing servers. In their current public releases, DPDK libraries are guaranteed to work only if specific requirements in terms of supported hardware and Network Interface Card (NIC) are satisfied. However, the supported physical NICs are usually found in high performance servers. Therefore, it will be more cost-effective (and useful for research activities) to be able to deploy DPDK using any physical NIC. In this study, we aim at demonstrating that DPDK experimental activities can be run also on unsupported hardware (i.e., hardware that is not originally supported by DPDK libraries). To demonstrate this, we propose various component stack and implement different testbed setups to exploit DPDK in our lab environment using generic servers. Results obtained show that, even on quite outdated and baseline equipment available in our lab environment, it has been possible to run DPDK and, using DPDK, we were able to reach the line rate assigning at least two CPU cores to DPDK application and using packet size greater than 256 Bytes.
Schistosome egg production is dependent upon the activities of two developmentally regulated tyrosinases (2006)

Egg production is responsible for life cycle progression and host immunopathology during schistosomiasis, with the associated parasite molecules being investigated as potential novel chemotherapeutic targets. Here, we characterize two Schistosoma mansoni products, tyrosinase 1 and tyrosinase 2 (SmTYR1/SmTYR2) and show that their diphenol oxidase enzyme activities are critical for eggshell formation and production. The genes encoding these bifunctional enzymes (monophenol and diphenol oxidases) result from a duplication event that likely occurred before speciation and exist in the parasite's genome as multiple copies, which are linked and localized to chromosomes 4 and W. SmTYR1/SmTYR2 transcription and diphenol oxidase action are developmentally regulated with most enzyme activity localized to the eggshell-producing cells contained within the vitellaria of adult female worms. Importantly, kojic-acid mediated inhibition (IC50=0.5 microM) of SmTYR1/SmTYR2's diphenol oxidase activity during in vitro culture of sexually mature adult worms resulted in a significant decrease in the production of phenotypically normal eggs. Therefore our data suggest that SmTYR1/2 inhibition represents a novel and potentially effective strategy for combating schistosomiasis and furthermore, it may point to new methods for combinatorial control of immunopathology and egg transmission during platyhelminth infection.
Risk Factors for End-Stage Renal Disease (2009)

We confirmed the importance of established ESRD risk factors in this large cohort with broad sex and racial/ethnic representation. Lower hemoglobin level, higher serum uric acid level, self-reported history of nocturia, and family history of kidney disease are independent risk factors for ESRD.
Passively Varying Pitch Propeller for Small UAS (2010)

A novel design for a passively-varying pitch propeller to improve small UAS performance is examined. The proposed system uses propeller blades free to pivot on a radial axis and blade cross sections tailored fo r positive pitching moment to achieve stable and efficient operation over a large advance ratio range. Computational analysis of the passively-varying propeller system indicates that large improvements can be gained, especially at high advance ratios, while sacrificing very lit tle low speed performance. A properly designed propeller will enable a much expanded flight envelope and, with proper limits to rotation angle, good takeoff/ climb performance and automatic feathering in the engine off case. Experimental analysis to corroborate computational findings is currently underway.
Mathematical elements for computer graphics (1976)

The second edition of this classic computer graphics book represents a major rewrite. The clear concise discussion, the detailed algorithms, worked examples and numerous illustrations make the book of special interest to students, programmers and computer graphics professionals. The numerous detailed worked examples make it especially suitable for self-study. The first edition of the book, published in 1976, was one of the earliest computer graphics books. That first edition is still a staple on the bookshelves of many of the pioneers in computer graphics. The book thoroughly covers two- and three-dimensional transformations including rotation, scaling, translation, reflection, rotation about arbitrary points and axes, reflection about arbitrary lines and through arbitrary planes and points at infinity. Plane and space curves including efficient methods for representing conic sections, cubic splines, parabolically blended, Bezier and rational and non-rational B-spline (NURBS) curves are discussed. The discussion of surfaces includes surfaces of revolution, sweep surfaces, ruled and developable surfaces, Coons surfaces, Bezier and rational and non-rational B-splines (NURBS) surfaces. As with all the topics in the book, the discussion of both rational and non-rational B-spline curves and surfaces is accompanied by numerous detailed worked examples. The appendices contain over 50 pseudocoded algorithms including over 25 algorithms for Bezier and B-spline curves and surfaces.
Reed-Muller Sequences for 5G Grant-free Massive Access (2018)

We propose to use second order Reed-Muller (RM) sequence for user identification in 5G grant-free access. The benefits of RM sequences mainly lie in two folds, (i) support of much larger user space, hence lower collision probability and (ii) lower detection complexity. These two features are essential to meet the massive connectivity ($10^7$ links/km$^2$), ultra-reliable and low-latency requirements in 5G, e.g., one-shot transmission ($\leq 1$ms) with $\leq 10^{-4}$ packet error rate. However, the non-orthogonality introduced during sequence space expansion leads to worse detection performance. In this paper, we propose a noise-resilient detection algorithm along with a layered sequence construction to meet the harsh requirements. Link-level simulations in both narrow-band and OFDM-based scenarios show that RM sequences are suitable for 5G.
Some novel reactions of 2‐amino‐4‐methyloxazole with aldehydes: Aryl and alkyl hydoxymethylation at C‐5 (1988)

Abstract 2‐Amino‐4‐methyloxazole reacts with aldehydes to give products having a hydroxymethyl function at C–5. No Schiff's bases were formed. Reactions seem to be confined to 4‐alkyl substituted‐2‐aminooxazoles as 2‐aminooxazole and its 4‐phenyl and 2‐acetomido derivatives fail to react with aldehydes. The nature of the aldehyde affects the amount of the product formed.
Development of a Three Dimensional Neural Sensing Device by a Stacking Method (2010)

This study reports a new stacking method for assembling a 3-D microprobe array. To date, 3-D array structures have usually been assembled with vertical spacers, snap fasteners and a supporting platform. Such methods have achieved 3-D structures but suffer from complex assembly steps, vertical interconnection for 3-D signal transmission, low structure strength and large implantable opening. By applying the proposed stacking method, the previous techniques could be replaced by 2-D wire bonding. In this way, supporting platforms with slots and vertical spacers were no longer needed. Furthermore, ASIC chips can be substituted for the spacers in the stacked arrays to achieve system integration, design flexibility and volume usage efficiency. To avoid overflow of the adhesive fluid during assembly, an anti-overflow design which made use of capillary action force was applied in the stacking method as well. Moreover, presented stacking procedure consumes only 35 minutes in average for a 4 × 4 3-D microprobe array without requiring other specially made assembly tools. To summarize, the advantages of the proposed stacking method for 3-D array assembly include simplified assembly process, high structure strength, smaller opening area and integration ability with active circuits. This stacking assembly technique allows an alternative method to create 3-D structures from planar components.
Apparatus to photograph the whole sky (1925)

Some form of preliminary reduction of the angle of view is required before taking a photograph which includes a field of 180°. A highly divergent meniscus lens, designed by Mr Robin Hill, is used for this purpose. The different forms of distortion, one of which is necessary to project an angle of view of 180° upon a flat surface, are discussed and previous attempts to reproduce the field of view as seen by a fish are outlined. The method of reproducing normal photographs from small portions of the complete photographs is described.
On the Efficacy of Knowledge Distillation (2019)

In this paper, we present a thorough evaluation of the efficacy of knowledge distillation and its dependence on student and teacher architectures. Starting with the observation that more accurate teachers often don't make good teachers, we attempt to tease apart the factors that affect knowledge distillation performance. We find crucially that larger models do not often make better teachers. We show that this is a consequence of mismatched capacity, and that small students are unable to mimic large teachers. We find typical ways of circumventing this (such as performing a sequence of knowledge distillation steps) to be ineffective. Finally, we show that this effect can be mitigated by stopping the teacher's training early. Our results generalize across datasets and models.