gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
International Relations: The Long Road to Theory (1959)

It has become customary to begin a discussion of the nature and present state of the discipline of international relations with a number of complaints. This article will not abandon the custom; indeed, its purpose is, in the first place, to state the conviction that many of the problems we face in our field can be solved only by far more systematic theoretical work than has been done in the past—a conviction shared by most writers. Secondly, however, I will try to show that recent approaches to a general theory of international relations are unsatisfactory, because each one is, in its own fashion, a short cut to knowledge—sometimes even a short cut to a destination that is anything but knowledge.
An efficient algorithm for bandpass sampling of multiple RF signals (2006)

This letter proposes, based on a bandpass sampling theory, a novel method to find available sampling ranges with a low computational complexity and high accuracy for multiple bandpass radio frequency signals. Guard-bands between downconverted signal spectrums are also taken into consideration in determining a minimum sampling frequency. We verify its validity through simulations in terms of the sampling ranges, the minimum sampling frequency, and computational efficiency.
Reactive Sputter Deposition of Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride Thin Films, A Li Battery Solid State Electrolyte (2015)

Lithium phosphorus oxy-nitride (LiPON) thin films are widely studied and used as a thin film electrolyte for lithium ion battery applications. LiPON thin films may be prepared by many techniques, but RF sputter deposition is most frequently used and was investigated in this dissertation, in spite of its low deposition rate, because of it offers more reliable and controllable processing. This dissertation includes the methodologies of sputter deposition and materials characterization of the LiPON thin film electrolytes. The LiPON thin films were deposited under varying conditions of process gas, substrate bias, and deposition temperature. To understand the variations in ionic conductivity observed, the films were extensively characterized to examine structural and compositional differences, including examination by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP/OES), and spectroscopic ellipsometry. In addition, film density, and the intrinsic stress of the deposited films were also studied. The highest ionic conductivity of 9.8 x 10-6 S/cm was obtained at elevated deposition temperature and is correlated to a reduced density of defects, as indicated from the optical characterization.
Multirate predictor control scheme for visual servo control (2002)

An attractive control scheme for a position-based dynamic ``look and move'' eye-in-hand visual servo system is proposed. The multirate predictor control scheme is used to overcome the inherent delay in the vision system and the multirate nature of the dynamic look-and-move visual servo control scheme. The control scheme takes the form of a simple predictor placed in the major feedback of the standard Smith predictor control scheme. This in turn eliminates the delay time between the dynamics of the observed target and the control, in a similar fashion to the feedforward Smith predictor. Hence the proposed control scheme is also known as the modified Smith predictor (MSP) control scheme. A detailed analysis of the proposed control scheme is presented for visual servo control. Representative computer simulation studies are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed multirate predictor control scheme for dynamic visual tracking.
Lecture Notes - Human Physiology (2006)

Preface. 1. Cell Physiology. 2. Cellular Communication. 3. Introduction to the Nervous System. 4. Signalling in the Nervous System. 5. Muscle. 6. Sensory Systems. 7. Special Senses. 8. Motor System. 9. Higher Nervous Functions. 10. Pain. 11. Endocrine System. 12. Reproduction. 13. Blood. 14. Introduction to the Cardiovascular System. 15. Cardiovascular System-The Heart. 16. Vascular System. 17. Cardiovascular Regulation, Regional Circulation and Circulatory Adjustments. 18. Respiration. 19. Digestive System. 20. Kidney. 21. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. 22. Energy Metabolism. 23. Temperature Regulation. 24. Exercise. Index
Evaluation of mechanical properties of adjacent flow weldline (2005)

Abstract Weldlines occur at the interface of two adjacent flows of material behind an obstructive pin in a cavity in injection molding (meldline or hot weldline). Tensile strength of such “adjacent flow weldline” in injection molded polystyrene plates was evaluated by a mechanical step‐by‐step milling technique. The strength when the milling depth was 1/5 of the thickness from each surface was about the same and independent of the distance from the pin. In contrast, the strength without milling decreased once and then increased along the flow direction. This demonstrates that the strength of a weldline is predominantly dependent on the properties of the surface layer of the weldline. The depth of the surface layer was defined as the depth of the weld, D w . D w reduced monotonously along the flow direction and faded away with the V‐notch, resulting in an increase of strength along the direction. On the other hand, it was considered that the farther from the pin, the flow‐induced molecular orientation in the surface layer is greater. It caused a decrease of the strength along the flow direction. The sequence of decrease and increase in tensile strength of adjacent flow weldline is due to the complex effect of these two contradictory factors. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1180–1186, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Discovering Correlated Subspace Clusters in 3D Continuous-Valued Data (2010)

Subspace clusters represent useful information in high-dimensional data. However, mining significant subspace clusters in continuous-valued 3D data such as stock-financial ratio-year data, or gene-sample-time data, is difficult. Firstly, typical metrics either find subspaces with very few objects, or they find too many insignificant subspaces - those which exist by chance. Besides, typical 3D subspace clustering approaches abound with parameters, which are usually set under biased assumptions, making the mining process a `guessing game'. We address these concerns by proposing an information theoretic measure, which allows us to identify 3D subspace clusters that stand out from the data. We also develop a highly effective, efficient and parameter-robust algorithm, which is a hybrid of information theoretical and statistical techniques, to mine these clusters. From extensive experimentations, we show that our approach can discover significant 3D subspace clusters embedded in 110 synthetic datasets of varying conditions. We also perform a case study on real-world stock datasets, which shows that our clusters can generate higher profits compared to those mined by other approaches.
Bodenordnung in städtischen verdichtungsgebieten der bundes republik deutschland (2012)

Zusammenfassung: Die wesentlichen Aspekte der besonderen Bedeutung des Grundeigentums in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland werden zusammengestellt. Daraus werden die Aufgaben der offentlich‐rechtlichen Bodenordnung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland abgeleitet und das zugrundeliegende System der Bodennutzungsplanung erlautert. Schlusendlich werden fur die Bundesrepublik Deutschland die wichtigen offentlich‐rechtlichen Bodenordnungsinstrumente mit ihren privatnutzigen und fremdnutzigen Auspragungen vorgestellt.
Enamel surfaces after orthodontic bracket debonding. (1995)

The enamel surfaces of extracted teeth were studied clinically and with a scanning electron microscope following debonding of orthodontic attachments and subsequent polishing. Excess orthodontic resin was removed with tungsten carbide burs and abrasive discs. Several combinations of polishing agents were evaluated. The no. 30 fluted tungsten carbide bur appeared to be the most efficient method of removing highly filled resin, and it produced the least amount of scarring. A polishing sequence was developed which used resin points and cups followed by a water slurry of fine pumice and brown and green cups. This procedure was tested clinically and appeared to return the enamel to an acceptable condition. This procedure is fast, efficient, and comfortable for the patient.
Synthesis and Conformational Dynamics of the Reported Structure of Xylopyridine A (2013)

Natural products have served as a rich source for the discovery of new nucleic acid targeting molecules for more than half a century. However, our ability to design molecules that bind nucleic acid motifs in a sequence- and/or structure-selective manner is still in its infancy. Xylopyridine A, a naturally occurring molecule of unprecedented architecture, has been found to bind DNA by a unique mode of intercalation. Here we show that the structure proposed for xylopyridine A is not consistent with the characterization in the original isolation report and does not bind B-form DNA. Instead, we report that the originally proposed structure for xylopyridine A represents a new class of conformationally dynamic structure-selective quadruplex nucleic acid binder. The unique molecular conformation locks out nonspecific intercalative binding modes and provides a starting point for the design of a new class of structure-specific nucleic acid binder.
Tree Based Indexes vs. Bitmap Indexes - a Performance Study. (1999)

Data warehouses are used to store large amounts of data. This data is often used for On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP). Short response times are essential for on-line decision support. Common approaches to reach this goal in read-mostly environments are the precomputation of materialized views and the use of index structures. In this paper, a framework is presented to evaluate different index structures analytically depending on nine parameters for the use in a data warehouse environment. The framework is applied to four different index structures to evaluate which structure works best for range queries. We show that all parameters influence the performance. Additionally, we show why bitmap index structures use modern disks better than traditional tree structures and why bitmaps will supplant the tree based index structures in the future. 1 Introduction Data warehouse and OLAP applications differ very much from the traditional database applications. Traditional da...
A fine-line-spot-position (FLSP) sensitive photodetector (1987)

A new fine-line-spot-position (FLSP) sensitive photodetector is described in which the signal is the ratio of the short-circuit photocurrents induced in a pair of adjacent Schottky-barrier or shallow p-n junction diodes, fabricated on the same semiconductor chip. The analysis of the new structure is given, and its theoretical feasibility is demonstrated. Because a finely focused light beam is used in this new detector, the light-spot position can be measured with very high accuracy, without requiring a beam with uniform intensity over its entire cross section. Furthermore, because the signal is the ratio of two currents, it is not affected by possible temperature and light-intensity fluctuations.
A large-scale evaluation and analysis of personalized search strategies (2007)

Although personalized search has been proposed for many years and many personalization strategies have been investigated, it is still unclear whether personalization is consistently effective on different queries for different users, and under different search contexts. In this paper, we study this problem and get some preliminary conclusions. We present a large-scale evaluation framework for personalized search based on query logs, and then evaluate five personalized search strategies (including two click-based and three profile-based ones) using 12-day MSN query logs. By analyzing the results, we reveal that personalized search has significant improvement over common web search on some queries but it also has little effect on other queries (e.g., queries with small click entropy). It even harms search accuracy under some situations. Furthermore, we show that straightforward click-based personalization strategies perform consistently and considerably well, while profile-based ones are unstable in our experiments. We also reveal that both long-term and short-term contexts are very important in improving search performance for profile-based personalized search strategies.
Die Matrix-Steifigkeitsmethode (1999)

Ein vom Verständnis der Vorgehensweise guter Einstieg in die Finite-Element-Methode stellt die von der Tragwerksberechnung her bekannte Matrix-Steiftgkeitsmethode /4.1/ dar. Wie man später erkennen wird, ist der ablaufende Formalismus dem der FE-Methode völlig identisch.
Metabolism of alkenes and ketones by Candida maltosa and related yeasts (2014)

Knowledge is scarce about the degradation of ketones in yeasts. For bacteria a subterminal degradation of alkanes to ketones and their further metabolization has been described which always involved Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs). In addition, the question has to be clarified whether alkenes are converted to ketones, in particular for the oil degrading yeast Candida maltosa little is known. In this study we show the degradation of the aliphatic ketone dodecane-2-one by Candida maltosa and the related yeasts Candida tropicalis, Candida catenulata and Candida albicans as well as Trichosporon asahii and Yarrowia lipolytica. One pathway is initiated by the formation of decyl acetate, resulting from a Baeyer-Villiger-oxidation of this ketone. Beyond this, an initial reduction to dodecane-2-ol by a keto reductase was clearly shown. In addition, two different ways to metabolize dodec-1-ene were proposed. One involved the formation of dodecane-2-one and the other one a conversion leading to carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Furthermore the induction of ketone degrading enzymes by dodecane-2-one and dodec-1-ene was shown. Interestingly, with dodecane no subterminal degradation products were detected and it did not induce any enzymes to convert dodecane-2-one.
Tunable microstrip quasi-elliptic function bandpass filters (2009)

In this paper, a new type of varactor-tuned microstrip quasi-elliptic function bandpass filter based on dual-mode open-loop resonator is investigated. By employing the unique characteristic of the dual-mode open-loop resonator, i.e. whose two operating modes (odd-and even-modes) do not couple to each other, tuning the passband frequency becomes simple with a single DC bias circuit. Two finite-frequency transmission zeros on each side of the passband are tunable along with the center frequency, resulting in high selective frequency response. A designed four-pole tunable bandpass filter of this type is demonstrated experimentally.
Human natural killer cell development from bone marrow progenitors: analysis of phenotype, cytotoxicity and growth. (1994)

We have developed a culture system allowing for generation of NK cells from human CD34+ bone marrow progenitors. The appearance of NK cells expressing CD56+, CD3- phenotype and large granular lymphocyte morphology was observed after 2-3 weeks of culture with IL-2. The NK cell appearance coincided with development of lytic activity. NK cells generated in bone marrow cultures proliferated actively (expansion index ranged from 2- to 200-fold). The phenotype of NK cells generated from CD34+ bone marrow deviated from peripheral blood NK cells in that a lower percentage of the former cells expressed CD16, CD2, CD7, and CD8 antigens. NK cells were also generated from CD34+ populations depleted of the CD34+, CD33+ subset indicating that myeloid-committed progenitors are not required for NK cell development. The dose of IL-2 was not important for generation of NK cells; however, only high doses of IL-2 supported development of optimal NK cell cytotoxic potential. Addition of TNF-alpha facilitated IL-2-dependent NK cell generation. These data showed that NK cells can develop from early bone marrow progenitors and that this system may be instrumental in studies on NK cell lineage and differentiation.
Pre-polarization enhancement by dynamic nuclear polarization in SQUID-based ultra-low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (2010)

We achieved enhanced pre-polarization in a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based microtesla nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The pre-polarization field is necessary to provide enough signal to noise to perform SQUID-based ultra-low-field (ULF) NMR/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments. However, it is quite tricky to deal with the strong transient magnetic field when operating the SQUID in a magnetically shielded room (MSR); besides the direct interference with the sensitive SQUID sensor, the strong magnetic field and its abrupt change generate magnetization in local areas in the MSR and eddy currents along the wall, which makes the NMR measurement difficult. The enhanced 1H NMR signals of water in TEMPOL and TEMPO solutions were obtained with a relatively weak radio-frequency (rf) field and double-relaxation oscillation SQUIDs (DROS) at a few mT pre-polarization fields. In our experimental condition, the enhancement factor was near ten in spite of the rf power far below the saturation in both samples.
Pricing multicasting in more practical network models (2002)

The problem of designing efficient algorithms for sharing the cost of multicasting has recently seen considerable attention. In this paper, we examine the effect on the complexity of pricing when two practical considerations are incorporated into the network model. In particular, we study a model where the session is offered at a number of different rates of transmission, and where there is a cost for enabling multicasting at each node of the network. We consider two techniques that have been used in practice to provide multiple rates: using a layered transmission scheme (called the layered paradigm) and using different multicast groups for each possible rate (called the split session paradigm). We demonstrate that the difference between these two paradigms has a significant impact on the complexity of pricing multicasting.For the layered paradigm, we provide a distributed algorithm for computing pricing efficiently in terms of local computation and message complexity. For the split session paradigm, on the other hand, we demonstrate that this problem can be solved in polynomial time if the number of possible rates is fixed, but if the number of rates is part of the input, then the problem becomes NP-Hard even to approximate. We also examine the effect of delivering the transmissions for the various rates from different locations within the network. We show that in this case, the pricing problem becomes NP-Hard for the split session paradigm even for a fixed constant number of possible rates, but if layering is used, then it can be solved in polynomial time by formulating the problem as a totally unimodular integer program.
Gaze and body pose estimation from a distance (2011)

We present a comprehensive approach to track gaze by estimating location, body pose, and head pose direction of multiple individuals in unconstrained environments. The approach combines person detections from fixed cameras with directional face detections obtained from actively controlled pan tilt zoom (PTZ) cameras. The main contribution of this work is to estimate both body pose and head pose (gaze) direction independently from motion direction, using a combination of sequential Monte Carlo Filtering and MCMC sampling. There are numerous benefits in tracking body pose and gaze in surveillance. It allows to track people's focus of attention, can optimize the control of active cameras for biometric face capture, and can provide better interaction metrics between pairs of people. The availability of gaze and face detection information also improves localization and data association for tracking in crowded environments. The performance of the system will be demonstrated on data captured at a real-time surveillance site.
Functionalized Arylzinc Compounds in Ethereal Solvent:  Direct Synthesis from Aryl Iodides and Zinc Powder and Application to Pd-Catalyzed Reaction with Allylic Halides (2003)

Arylzinc compounds, ArZnX, were conveniently prepared in high yields by the reaction of zinc powder with aryl iodides, which contain electron-withdrawing groups such as CO(2)CH(3), CN, Br, or CF(3) at the ortho-, meta- or para-position, or electron-donating groups such as CH(3), OCH(3), or H, at 70 degrees C in THF, at 100 degrees C, or at 130 degrees C in diglyme, respectively. Pd(dba)(2) exhibited an outstanding efficient catalytic effect for the cross-coupling of these ethereal solutions of ArZnX with allylic halides to afford a variety of functionalized allylbenzenes in high yields; the reactions were mostly carried out at 0 degrees C for 5-30 min in the presence of 5 mol % of catalyst. The conversion of the aryl iodides to allylbenzenes via two reactions could be accomplished in one pot.
<i>In Vivo</i> Nasal Potential Difference: Techniques and Protocols for Assessing Efficacy of Gene Transfer in Cystic Fibrosis (1995)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenetic disease that is associated with chronic airways disease and early death. The pulmonary disease reflects mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and associated abnormal epithelial ion transport, including defective cAMP-mediated (CFTR) Cl- secretion and an accelerated rate of basal Na+ transport. With the development of vectors for gene therapy, the airway epithelium of CF patients has been targeted for studies of gene transfer. The biological efficacy of gene transfer of the normal CFTR cDNA into CF respiratory epithelia can be assessed by in vivo measurements of the transepithelial potential difference (PD), a parameter of ion transport that reflects the expression and function of CFTR. This paper describes techniques that can be used to discriminate in vivo between the ion transport phenotype of normal subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis. Protocols are outlined to allow assessment of individual components of the electrolyte transport phenotype, i.e., the magnitude of the basal and cAMP-mediated (CFTR) Cl- secretion, and the rate of Na+ transport. The physiologic basis of the protocols and important technical features of these measurements are defined. If performed properly, the in vivo nasal PD technique clearly discriminates between normal subjects and cystic fibrosis patients, and can yield estimates of the biological efficacy of gene transfer to achieve correction of the electrolyte transport defects in CF patients.