gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-state lighting—a benevolent technology (2006)

Solid-state light sources are in the process of profoundly changing the way humans generate light for general lighting applications. Solid-state light sources possess two highly desirable features, which set them apart from most other light sources: ( i) they have the potential to create light with essentially unit power efficiency and ( ii) the properties of light, such as spectral composition and temporal modulation, can be controlled to a degree that is not possible with conventional light sources such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps. The implications are enormous and, as a consequence, many positive developments are to be expected including a reduction in global energy consumption, reduction of global-warming-gas and pollutant emissions and a multitude of new functionalities benefiting numerous applications. This review will assess the impact of solid-state lighting technology on energy consumption, the environment and on emerging application fields that make use of the controllability afforded by solid-state sources. The review will also discuss technical areas that fuel continued progress in solid-state lighting. Specifically, we will review the use of novel phosphor distributions in white light-emitting diodes ( LEDs) and show the strong influence of phosphor distribution on efficiency. We will also review the use of reflectors in LEDs with emphasis on &apos;perfect&apos; reflectors, i. e. reflectors with highly reflective omni-directional characteristics. Finally, we will discuss a new class of thin-film materials with an unprecedented low refractive index. Such low-n materials may strongly contribute to the continuous progress in solid-state lighting.
The role of superoxide anions in the development of distant tumour recurrence (2006)

We hypothesise that reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes during surgery play a crucial role in enhanced tumour recurrence seen after surgery. Therefore, the effect of ROS on adhesion of tumour cells to microvascular endothelium in a reproducible human in vitro model was studied. Preincubation of microvascular endothelial cells with the superoxide anion producing xanthine-xanthine oxidase complex significantly increased adhesion of the human colon carcinoma cells HT29 (167% vs control, P < 0.01), Caco2 (164% vs control, P < 0.01) and of the pancreas carcinoma cells PanC1 (180% vs control, P < 0.01). Addition of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase or catalase significantly decreased tumour cell adhesion (P < 0.01). Exposure of endothelial cells to superoxide anions increased the apoptotic rate to 7.9 times the normal rate. Additionally, exposure increased expression of the endothelial adhesion molecules E-Selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 of maximally 170% vs control (P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study shows that superoxide anions promote the adherence of tumour cells to the microvasculature by inducing endothelial apoptosis that subsequently induces the expression of various adhesion molecules for tumour cells. This indicates that by tackling the production of ROS preventing tumour recurrence at distant sites might be feasible.
Employability, knowledge and the creative arts: reflections from an ethnographic study of NEET young people on an entry to employment programme (2017)

This paper draws on research into the experiences of young people classified as NEET (not in education, employment or training) on an employability programme in the north of England, and uses Basil Bernstein’s work on pedagogic discourses to explore how the creative arts can be used to re-engage them in work-related learning. Whilst creating demand for young people’s labour is central to tackling youth unemployment, the paper contends that using the arts can go some way towards breaking down barriers to learning experienced by many marginalised young people, and argues that creative activities can be used to introduce them to forms of knowledge which have been largely flushed out of vocational education – at least for many working-class learners. The paper presents ethnographic data which suggests that skilful, well-informed tutors can, at least in some circumstances, use the creative arts to provide young people with access to forms of learning which transcend official discourses of employability, and introduce marginalised youth to forms of learning rooted in what Bernstein described as ‘powerful knowledge’.
Recovery of sterols as fatty acid steryl esters from waste material after purification of tocopherols (2004)

Tocopherols are purified industrially from soybean oil deodorizer distillate by a process comprising distillation and ethanol fractionation. The waste material after ethanol fractionation (TC waste) contains 75% sterols, but a purification process has not yet been developed. We thus attempted to purify sterols by a process including a lipase-catalyzed reaction. Candida rugosa lipase efficiently esterified sterols in TC waste with oleic acid (OA). After studying several factors affecting esterification, the reaction conditions were determined as follows: ratio of TC waste/OA, 1:2 (wt/wt); water content, 30%; amount of lipase, 120 U/g-reaction mixture; temperature, 40 degrees C. Under these conditions, the degree of esterification reached 82.7% after 24 h. FA steryl esters (steryl esters) in the oil layer were purified successfully by short-path distillation (purity, 94.9%; recovery, 73.1%). When sterols in TC waste were esterified with FFA originating from olive, soybean, rapeseed, safflower, sunflower, and linseed oils, the FA compositions of the steryl esters differed somewhat from those of the original oils: The content of saturated FA was lower and that of unsaturated FA was higher. The m.p. of the steryl esters synthesized (21.7-36.5 degrees C) were remarkably low compared with those of the steryl esters purified from high-b.p. soybean oil deodorizer distillate substances (56.5 degrees C; JAOCS 80, 341-346, 2003). The low-m.p. steryl esters were soluble in rapeseed oil even at a final concentration of 10%.
Regulation of gene expression associated with acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Lovastatin (2004)

The attenuation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by Lovastatin (LOV) has now been well established. The present study was designed to explore the global effect of LOV treatment on expression of immune-related genes in lumbar spinal cord (LSC) during acute EAE by using Affymetrix DNA microarrays. LOV treatment demonstrated the limited infiltration of inflammatory cells into the LSC, and microarray analysis further validated those interpretations by demonstrating relatively less alteration in expression of immune response genes in LOV-treated EAE rats on peak clinical day and recovery vs. untreated EAE counterparts. There was significant change in expression of about 158 immune-related genes (including 127 genes reported earlier) in LOV-treated vs. untreated EAE (>1.5 or <-1.5 fold change; P </=.05), of which 140 genes were suppressed and only 18 genes were up-regulated. These altered genes encode for leukocyte-specific markers and receptors, histocompatibility complex, cytokines/receptors, chemokines/receptors, adhesion molecules, components of the complement cascade, cellular activation, and transcription factors and signal transduction-related molecules. Interestingly, T(H)2 phenotype cytokines such as interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta1 and transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma were up-regulated in LSC by LOV treatment as further revealed by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. These findings indicate that PPARs may be mediating the antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of LOV. Together, these findings provide new insight into the molecular events associated with the protection provided by statins during treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Percutaneous ethanol and lipiodol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2004)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy is of great significance in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic liver tumors. RFA is able to achieve widely coagulated necrosis in a few sessions without major complications. However, HCC cases exist that are resistant to RFA therapy for several reasons. In the present study, we performed injection of the mixture of ethanol and lipiodol (percutaneous ethanol-lipiodol injection therapy: PELIT) for HCCs that lacked clear visuality of the entire shape of the tumor by ultrasonography (US) or computed tomography (CT), or that were difficult to treat with RFA alone due to their locations in the liver or due to severe liver dysfunction of the patients. Local recurrence rates of HCC treated with PELIT were shown to be low in patients followed up for at least 4 months. In all patients treated with PELIT, lipiodol was accumulated in the entire region of the tumor after several trials of PELIT and the accumulation was kept for many months. The biopsy examination from the tumor treated with PELIT showed that HCC cells were totally destroyed by the PELIT. Although RFA therapy serves as a central role for the treatment of HCCs, PELIT, considered to be milder therapy, is likely to be important as a supportive treatment for HCCs and useful for the treatment of HCCs that are difficult to treat with RFA.
Quantification of Antithrombin Isoform Proportions in Plasma Samples of Healthy Subjects, Sepsis Patients, and in Antithrombin Concentrates (2002)

Antithrombin (AT) circulates in plasma in two isoforms, AT-alpha (90-95%) and AT-beta (5-10%). AT isoform proportions were measured in plasma samples of 17 healthy subjects and 26 posttraumatic or postoperative septic patients, as well as in 4 commercially available AT concentrates. Total AT was immune-purified from plasma and concentrates. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography was used to analytically separate and quantify the isoforms. Compared with plasma samples of healthy donors, septic plasmas revealed significantly reduced AT activity (p < 0.001) and beta-isoform content (p < 0.05). AT-beta correlated inversely with urea and creatinine serum concentrations (p < 0.01), indicating a relationship between better renal function and higher beta-isoform content. beta-Isoform neither correlated with age, gender, and 28-day mortality, nor with plasma concentrations of various inflammatory and organ function parameters. The commercial AT concentrate, which is equivalent to the current WHO standard, had an AT-beta content close to that found in plasma of healthy subjects. The availability of this novel quantitative AT isoform assay allows, for the first time, a closer look at the role of AT isoforms in hemostasis and sepsis pathophysiology.
Fisheye projection lens for large-format film (1993)

In this paper, we present a new fisheye projection lens for 8 perforation 70 mm format film. The lens has an aperture of F/2.4 and a total field of view of 163 degree(s). We discuss design considerations, and compare predicted with measured performance data.
Functional Expression in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> of <i>xylP</i> Encoding the Isoprimeverose Transporter of <i>Lactobacillus pentosus</i> (1998)

The xylP gene of Lactobacillus pentosus, the first gene of the xylPQR operon, was recently found to be involved in isoprimeverose metabolism. By expression of xylP on a multicopy plasmid in Lactobacillus plantarum 80, a strain which lacks active isoprimeverose and D-xylose transport activities, it was shown that xylP encodes a transporter. Functional expression of the XylP transporter was shown by uptake of isoprimeverose in L. plantarum 80 cells, and this transport was driven by the proton motive force generated by malolactic fermentation. XylP was unable to catalyze transport of D-xylose.
SMOS Calibration (2008)

The calibration of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) payload instrument, known as Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), is based on characterization measurements which are performed initially on-ground prior to launch and, subsequently, in-flight. A good calibration is a prerequisite to ensure the quality of the geophysical data. The calibration scheme encompasses both the spaceborne instrument and the ground data processing. Once the system has been calibrated, the instrument performance can be verified, and the higher level geophysical variables, soil moisture and ocean salinity, can be validated. In this paper, the overall calibration approach is presented, focusing on the main aspects relevant to the SMOS instrument design and mission requirements. The distributed instrument, comprising 72 receivers, leads to a distributed internal calibration approach supported by specific external calibration measurements. The relationship between the calibration data and the routine ground processing is summarized, demonstrating the inherent link between them. Finally, the approach to the in-flight commissioning activities is discussed.
Forensic Applications of Whole Genome Amplification (2011)

Whole genome amplification (WGA) has been touted as a possible technique to augment fragment analysis of STRs in amplifying low-levels of DNA recovered from crime scenes or items. Only LCN DNA analysis is routinely used as an additional amplification step; but this is not without problems, such as the increased incidents of stochastic variations.\nA review of the literature was carried out in order to assess the latest research and to identify a potentially fit for purpose whole genome amplification technique.\nThere are three potential alternative techniques which show promise, miPEP, dcDOP-PCR and MDA used in conjunction with a macromolecular crowder; with the majority of studies investigating the effect of non-crowded MDA on a variety of stains, including degraded, low-level and stains containing mixtures of DNA.\nA number of techniques are suggested for incorporation into STR analysis depending on the sample type as well as future strands of work.
Effect of curing accelerators on thermal imidization of polyamic acids at low temperature (1996)

The effect of new additives on the thermal conversion of a range of polyamic acids to polyimides at temperatures lower than 100°C was investigated using infrared spectroscopy. Additives such as m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and p-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid were found to be highly effective as curing catalysts or accelerators. The degree of imidization of polyamic acids in the presence of additives increased with an increase in the reaction temperature, and complete imidization was achieved at 140–200°C. The reaction was characterized by a rapid rate that slowed with time. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The serological response of foals to vaccination against strangles. (1981)

A group of 100 foals was given either a commercial bacterin or an autogenous vaccine consisting of whole cells and an acid extract of Streptococcus equi. During the study, some of the foals developed clinical strangles. Various sets of sera were collected from these foals prevaccination, during vaccination, postvaccination and postinfection. The serological response of these foals was measured by passive haemagglutination and long chain tests. In foals which remained healthy, the highest titres were reached within one to two months postvaccination with a passive haemagglutination 10 x log2 mean titre of 6.78 and the long chain indices of 4.41. These levels persisted for 120 days postvaccination. Those foals which had clinical strangles exhibited lower passive haemagglutination titres (3.78) at one to two months postimmunization, but rose significantly after recovery. Four ponies immunized with formalinized Str. equi bacterin showed a partial protection against the challenge infection. The passive haemagglutination titres, long chain indices and serum bactericidal activity in these ponies were highest at 35 days postvaccination but did not increase after infection.
A new type of CMOS inverter with Lubistor load and TFET driver for sub-20 nm technology generation (2010)

This paper presents a complementary Lubistor and TFET (CLTFET) inverter, which is composed of a lateral unidirectional bipolar-type insulated-gate transistor (Lubistor) load and a tunneling field effect transistor (TFET) driver. Based on the measurement data of Lubistor and TFET devices published, we have for the first time drawn the load lines and operation point line (Q line) of the new designed CLTFET compared with the conventional CTFET to verify its feasibility. The delay time is improved more than 29.5%. Additionally, due to its unique structure and the output node being shared by the load and the driver, the integration density of it can be reduced dramatically. The area benefit thus more than 32.6% has been achieved compared with the conventional CTFET layout.
In Situ Formation of Lead Phosphates in Soils as a Method to Immobilize Lead (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn Situ Formation of Lead Phosphates in Soils as a Method to Immobilize LeadMichael V. Ruby, Andy. Davis, and Andrew. NicholsonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 4, 646–654Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00053a018https://doi.org/10.1021/es00053a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1063Altmetric-Citations290LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Systematic review of prophylactic <i>vs</i> rescue surfactant (1997)

Surfactant treatment has been shown by careful randomised trials to reduce the mortality and morbidity of very premature babies.1 However, whether surfactant should be given as soon as the baby is born or withheld until the baby has respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is controversial.

The objective of this review is to set out the reasons for and against giving surfactant at birth, present the clinical trial data available to date with a systematic review of those trials, and the conclusions that can be drawn from them.

“Prophylactic treatment” is defined as surfactant given down an endotracheal tube at initial resuscitation. “Rescue treatment” is when the surfactant given to an intubated baby several hours after birth when RDS has been diagnosed.

The lung epithelium of very premature babies is damaged within minutes of ventilation.2 This causes protein to leak on to the surface and interferes with surfactant function.3 4Animal studies have shown that surfactant treatment, given as soon as possible after birth, reduces the severity of RDS and airway damage,5 and improves blood gases, lung function, and survival.6 7 Clinical trials have shown that surfactant treatment for very premature babies is very beneficial and remarkably safe.1 For example, the Ten Centre Trial of ALEC8 used prophylactically showed a 30% reduction in the incidence of RDS compared with control babies and a 48% reduction in neonatal mortality with no side effects.

It is impossible to know which baby will develop RDS and who, therefore, might benefit from surfactant treatment. The shorter the gestation the more likely the baby is to develop RDS, but older babies who are compromised in some way are also at risk of RDS and its complications. Normal neonatal practice is to anticipate and try to prevent problems. To wait until …
Access Denied (1994)

Essay| January 01 1994 Access Denied: Information Policy and the Limits of Liberalism Grant H. Kester Grant H. Kester Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1994) 21 (6): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1994.21.6.5 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Grant H. Kester; Access Denied: Information Policy and the Limits of Liberalism. Afterimage 1 January 1994; 21 (6): 5–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1994.21.6.5 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAfterimage Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1994 by The Regents of the University of California1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
5′-Nucleotidase: molecular structure and functional aspects (1992)

Research Article| July 15 1992 5′-Nucleotidase: molecular structure and functional aspects H Zimmermann H Zimmermann 1AK Neurochemie, Zoologisches Institut der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Siesmayerstraße 70, D-6000 Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1992) 285 (2): 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2850345 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H Zimmermann; 5′-Nucleotidase: molecular structure and functional aspects. Biochem J 15 July 1992; 285 (2): 345–365. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2850345 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 The Biochemical Society, London1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Lactic acid bacteria increase the resistance of turbot larvae,<i>Scophthalmus maximus,</i>against pathogenic vibrio (1994)

Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from rotifers, Brachionus plicutilis, resembled those of Lactobacillus plantarum or Carnobacterium sp. It was investigated whether the artificial maintenance of a high concentration of LAB in rotifers might increase their dietary value for turbot larvae, particularly when the fish were infected with pathogenic Vibrio sp. One LAB strain was cultivated, then introduced daily into the enrichment medium of rotifers. In this way, LAB were retrieved in large amounts in turbot, and a significant limitation of larval mortality rate was observed when turbot were challenged with pathogenic vibrio at day 9. The inoculum concentration of LAB had a decisive effect on survival rate, and the optimum was between 107 and 2 × 107 Colony Forming Units (CFU) daily added per ml of the enrichment medium (53% survival rate after 72 h of challenge, versus 8% for the infected control group without LAB).