gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analysis of complications in lateral retinacular release procedures (1989)

Complications were reviewed for 446 lateral retinacular release procedures performed by 21 arthroscopic surgeons in various centers. There were 32 complications among the 446 procedures. The overall complication rate for lateral retinacular release was 7.2%. Information obtained from each individual surgeon in the study allowed scrutiny of various surgical techniques as they related to complications in lateral retinacular release procedures. Higher complication rates were noted with tourniquet use (p = 0.037), in arthroscopically controlled subcutaneous technique (p = 0.057), and most significantly, in the use of a postoperative suction drain for 24 h or longer (p less than 0.001). Electrocautery use did not affect the complication rate (p = 0.50). Outpatient procedures had no higher complication rate than inpatient procedures (p = 0.95).
The Concept of Defect in American and English Products Liability Discourse: Despite Strict Liability Linguistics, Negligence Is Back with a Vengeance! (1998)

The enthusiastic adoption of 402A by the majority of jurisdictions unleashed a rich and diverse body of case law unrivaled anywhere. 2 The abstract, and to a great extent unclear, formulation of 402A is out-dated.A restatement of products liability law, therefore, is welcome. 3 The Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability (Proposed Final Draft) (April 1, 1997) 4 recognizes that the present day strict products liability regime has caused much confusion.In particular, the Restatement 1 Most commentators agree that the concept of defectiveness is the pulp of products liability.Marshall Shapo, for example, intimates that, "[tihe way we speak about the defect concept has implications across a broad spectrum of jurisprudence."See
Immunomodulation of FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells by the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole in Breast Cancer Patients (2009)

This study suggests that aromatase inhibitors may have an indirect antitumor mechanism of action through reducing Tregs in breast tumors and may be of use in estrogen receptor-alpha-negative tumors in combination with immunotherapy approaches.
Isolation and characterization of the lipid-containing interstitial cell from the developing rat lung. (1981)

A lipid-containing interstitial cell (LIC) appears in the walls of alveoli during the period of postnatal lung growth associated with the formation of gas exchange surfaces. This cell has been isolated from the 10-day neonatal rat lung by digesting the lung with trypsin and collagenase and using a 6 per cent metrizamide discontinuous density gradient. 5.0 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) LIC per gm. of lung wet weight were isolated at 10 days. At this age, triglycerides accounted for 65 per cent of the LIC lipid with 62 per cent of the triglyceride fatty acids being unsaturated. Linoleic acid was a prominent triglyceride moiety. Density profiles of LIC isolated from 4-, 7-, 12-, 16-, and 21-day neonatal rats, using 0 to 10 per cent metrizamide continuous density gradients, revealed a 2-fold increase in LIC numbers between 4 and 7 days, after which LIC numbers decreased linearly until few LIC were observed at the age of weaning. Mean LIC density decreased from 1.045 gm. per cu. cm. at 4 days to 1.036 gm. per cu. cm. at 12 days, but thereafter increased to 1.050 gm. per cu. cm. at 21 days suggesting accumulation and dissipation of cytoplasmic lipid by LIC during the period of lung growth in which alveoli form. Although the origin, role, and fate of the LIC and its lipid are uncertain, the unique time of appearance of this distinct interstitial cell suggests that it is involved in alveolar formation and lung restructuring during early postnatal lung development.
Telecommunication network analysis with COMNET II.5 (2005)

COMNET II.5 is a general SIMSCRIPT II.5-based model for the performance analysis of circuit-switched, message-switched, or packet-switched networks. A variety of altemate-routing and adaptive shortest-path routing algorithms are built-in. After creating a network description with a convenient menu-driven editor, simulation follows immediately. There are no programming delays. Network operation is animated during the simulation. Reports show blocking probabilities, call queueing and packet delays, network throughput, link group utilization, and link group queue statistics. This paper highlights some of COMNET II.5's latest features, which include capabilities for modeling call preemption, call retries, dynamic bandwidth allocation, link failures, and source-node routing.
INS-based identification of quay-crane spreader yaw (2002)

A crucial problem in crane control is to identify exactly the position and orientation of the load in space. This paper describes a new non-contact method for determining the crane load location by means of an inertial navigation system (INS) and a Kalman filter. The Kalman filter estimates the spreader position, which is not observed by the INS. Experiments were conducted on a 1/15th geometric scale model of a quay-crane. The work has potential application in the development of integrated estimation and control systems for full-scale quay-cranes.
Optimization and Mechanistic Analysis of Oligonucleotide Cleavage from Palladium-Labile Solid-Phase Synthesis Supports<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Pd(0)-labile solid-phase synthesis supports have been used to produce oligonucleotides containing 3‘-alkyl carboxylic acid and 3‘-hydroxy termini in quantitative yields. Optimization of the cleavage reaction conditions using tetrabutylammonium formate buffer resulted in quantitative yields of oligonucleotides using 4 molar equiv of Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3 in 1 h at 55 °C. A proton source facilitates cleavage of the oligonucleotide from the supports. Trace amounts of water, acting as a nucleophile on the η3-complex, presumably preventing back biting by the initially released oligonucleotide, are required to obtain reproducibly high yields of cleaved oligonucleotides during a 1 h reaction. The previously observed lability of β-cyanoethyl groups to the Pd(0) conditions has been examined using a mononucleotide substrate. Cleavage of the β-cyanoethyl group was shown to proceed to the exclusion of other alkyl groups. A mechanism involving initial insertion by Pd(0) into the carbon−oxygen bond of the β-cyanoethyl group is suggested to account for the cleavage of this group.
[Comparison of the diagnostic capacities of imaging methods for childhood hemangiomas]. (2008)

The diagnostic capacities of three imaging methods: B-mode ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in orbital hemangiomas in babies were compared. Orbital ultrasound, computed tomography, and MRI scans were examined in 358, 384, and 48 babies, respectively. Their mean age was 6.7 months. Out of three techniques, ultrasound scanning proved to be of less informative value. MRI and CT were much more informative although each of them had advantages and limitations. The authors give some preference to CT despite its ionization.
Magnetic Nozzle Plasma Plume: Review of Crucial Physical Phenomena (2012)

This paper presents a review of the current understanding of magnetic nozzle physics. The crucial steps necessary for thrust generation in magnetic nozzles are energy conversion, plasma detachment, and momentum transfer. The currently considered mechanisms by which to extract kinetic energy from the plasma include the conservation of the magnetic moment adiabatic invariant, electric eld forces, thermal energy directionalization, and Joule heating. Plasma detachment mechanisms discussed include resistive di usion, recombination, magnetic reconnection, loss of adiabaticity, inertial forces, and selfeld detachment. Momentum transfer from the plasma to the spacecraft occurs due to the interaction between the applied eld currents and induced currents which are formed due to the magnetic pressure. These three physical phenomena are crucial to thrust generation and must be understood to optimize magnetic nozzle design. The operating dimensionless parameter ranges of six prominent experiments are considered and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed.
Rheumatoid-Like Joint Lesions in Rabbits Injected Intravenously with Bovine Serum (1977)

Rheumatoid-like synovial lesions have been produced experimentally in 21% of rabbits receiving intravenous injections of bovine serum by various regimens. They were characterized by lining cell hyperplasia, accumulations, often follicular, of lymphocytes and plasma cells just under the lining layer, sometimes with extensive fibroplasia and pannus formation with cartilage erosion.
Nucleo-copolymers: oligonucleotide-based amphiphilic diblock copolymers (2007)

For the first time, poly(butadiene) has been covalently linked to an oligonucleotide sequence and the resulting nucleo-copolymer exhibits amphiphilic properties in dilute aqueous solution, self-assembling into nanometer-sized vesicular structures.
EXAMINATION OF ADENOSINE RECEPTOR‐MEDIATED RELAXATION OF THE PIG CORONARY ARTERY (1999)

1. The adenosine receptors mediating relaxation of porcine isolated left anterior descending coronary arteries (LAD) and the effects of the level and type of preconstriction on the responses to adenosine analogues were examined in the present study. 2. Relaxation responses to the non-selective adenosine receptor agonist N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) were endothelium independent. N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, GR 79236 (A1 receptor selective) and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CGS 21680) (A2A receptor selective) produced full relaxation in LAD precontracted to 50% of the response to potassium depolarization with the thromboxane receptor agonist U46619. The order of potency was CGS 21680 = NECA > GR 79236, consistent with that defining the A2A receptor subtype. 3. 3,7-Dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX; A2 receptor selective) competitively antagonized NECA and CGS 21680 with pKB values of 4.95 +/- 0.09 and 5.06 +/- 0.22, respectively. The A1 receptor selective antagonist 1,3-[3H]-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) had no effect on NECA relaxation, even in the presence of DMPX. 4. The sensitivity to relaxation by NECA was dependent on the precontracting agent. Arteries precontracted with endothelin (ET)-1 were most sensitive to NECA, U46619-precontracted arteries were intermediate and KCl-precontracted arteries were least sensitive. 5. The potency of NECA was reduced when the preconstriction level was increased from 50 to 90% of maximum in U46619-precontracted arteries (pEC50 7.94 +/- 0.12 and 7.35 +/- 0.04, respectively) and, in KCl-precontracted arteries, both the potency and maximum effect of NECA were reduced when the preconstriction level increased from 50 to 80% of maximum (pEC50 7.52 +/- 0.13 and 6.91 +/- 0.26, respectively; maximum responses 82.5 +/- 10.2 and 23.9 +/- 3.6%, respectively, of the preconstricted tone). Relaxation responses to NECA were independent of the level of precontraction in ET-1-precontracted arteries. 6. In porcine LAD, relaxation responses to adenosine analogues were endothelium independent and were mediated via A2A adenosine receptors. Responses to NECA were dependent on both the level and type of preconstriction.
Compressive seismic reconstruction with extended POCS for arbitrary irregular acquisition (2017)

Large-scale seismic acquisition based on compressive sensing (CS) has been made practical recently, thanks to the advance in CS algorithms and increasing computation power (Mosher, 2014; Li, 2013). Compressive seismic acquisition (CSA) can substantially reduce time and costs with proper compressive seismic de-blending (CSD) and especially compressive seismic reconstruction (CSR). Projection onto convex sets (POCS) is a very popular choice among various mathematical approaches for CSR, because of its efficiency, simple parameterization, and flexibility to expand to high dimensions. However, the efficiency of POCS by utilizing FFT leads to its main drawback of relying on regular grids and 4D binning before 5D interpolation. In this paper, we propose an extended POCS (EPOCS) algorithm to incorporate an interpolating operator into the sampling operator and extend its usage for under-sampled arbitrary irregular acquisition. This is important because CSR relies on grids with certain designed randomness. Both synthetic and real data tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the CSR with EPOCS. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 4:20 PM Location: 360A Presentation Type: ORAL
PCB Rogowski coils for high di/dt current measurement (2002)

In order to measure di/dt in the range of 10 to 20 kA//spl mu/s, air cored coils can be used. The coil's natural frequency limits the bandwidth of this probe. PCB coils have a natural frequency of 10 MHz or more. Theoretical analysis and measurements with di/dt of 5 kA//spl mu/s and 500 A are presented, employing the PCB coil in a HOKA current probe.
Fabrication of CdTe detectors in a new p-i-n design for gamma-ray spectroscopy (1999)

CdTe and related compound semiconductors are useful for high energy flux detection at room temperature. We propose a new fabrication technique for CdTe detectors in p-i-n design that is suitable for hard x-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy. Using a high resistivity single crystal CdTe substrate, an iodine doped n-CdTe layer is grown homoepitaxially on one face of the crystal using the hydrogen plasma-radicals- assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method working at a low substrate temperature of 150 degrees C. An indium electrode is evaporated on the n-CdTe side for an ohmic contact, while a gold electrode is placed on the opposite side which acts as a p-type contact. The p-i-n detector thus fabricated exhibited low leakage current at room temperature operation, below 0.5 nA at an applied bias of 350 V for a 2 X 2 mm<SUP>2</SUP> detector of thickness of 1 mm. Leakage current further decreased to 16 pA at 350 V while cooling the detector down to -15 degrees C. Spectral responses of the detector showed improved energy resolution for different radioisotopes of energies in the range form few tens of keV to several hundred keV and stable operation when operated at high applied biases or slightly cooling the detector. Performance of the different detectors thus fabricated will be presented.
Single-ended D flip-flop with implicit scan mux for high performance mobile AP (2016)

A novel high-speed single-ended D flip-flop based on a SR(set/reset)-type latch is presented in this paper. The SR-type latch is adapted to implement a dynamic stage for high-speed operation and modified to add a scan mux without setup time degradation on a data path. The proposed flip-flop enables to achieve the high-speed operation having the comparable hold time characteristics to a conventional master-slave flip-flop without any writeability issue at low voltage. The simulated and the measured results were made using a 14nm FinFET process. The data-to-output latency of the proposed flip-flop decreased by 51% while the power delay product improved by 41% as compared with the master-slave flip-flop. A test chip was fabricated in SS, TT, FF, SF and FS process corners and tested at -25C and 100C with a 50mV voltage step from 0.45V to 1.00V. It indicates both the master-slave and the proposed flip-flops can work down to 0.50V whereas conventional pulse-based flip-flops have writeability problems at 0.60V. Two product-level CPU designs were also fabricated for performance comparison, leading to 8.5% speed improvement by applying the proposed high-speed flip-flop.
Oxidative stress and macrophage function: a failure to resolve the inflammatory response (2007)

The suppression of pro-inflammatory gene expression along with the clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis can play an important role in resolving the inflammatory response. Any impairment of these processes can therefore lead to a chronic inflammatory state. Oxidative stress can have both direct and indirect effects on macrophage function. This mini-review highlights a mechanism through which oxidative stress via the production of reactive carbonyls alters the ECM (extracellular matrix) environment of macrophages, thereby altering their behaviour. Carbonyl modification of ECM proteins causes increased macrophage adhesion and activation through receptors that are also involved in phagocytosis. Moreover, interaction of macrophages with these carbonyl-modified ECM proteins leads to decreased phagocytic activity towards apoptotic cells. At a more direct level, both oxidative and carbonyl stress inhibits activity of the transcriptional co-repressor HDAC-2 (histone deacetylase 2), which under normoxic conditions helps to suppress pro-inflammatory gene expression. Consequently, macrophages activated under conditions of oxidative or carbonyl stress can lead to a more enhanced inflammatory response. Coupled with an impairment of the phagocytic response, this can lead to ineffective clearance of apoptotic cells and secondary necrosis, with the result being failure to resolve the inflammatory response and the establishment of a chronic inflammatory state.
Mathematical Simulation of Polymer Flooding in Complex Reservoirs (1972)

Abstract Simulation of polymer flooding in many complex reservoirs has requirements that preclude the use of either three-phase stream tube or two-phase finite-difference simulators. The development of a polymer flooding model used in a three-phase, polymer flooding model used in a three-phase, four-component, compressible, finite-difference reservoir simulator that allows the simulation of a variety of complex situations is discussed. The polymer model represents the polymer solution as a fourth component that is included in the aqueous phase and is fully miscible with it. Adsorption of polymer is represented, as is both (1) the resulting permeability reduction of the aqueous phase and (2) the resulting lag of the polymer injection front and generation of a stripped polymer injection front and generation of a stripped water bank. The effects of fingering between the water and polymer are taken into account using an empirical "mixing parameter" model. The resulting simulator is capable of modeling reservoirs with nonuniform dip, multiple zones, desaturated zones, gravity segregation, and irregular well spacing and reservoir shape. Two examples are presented. The first illustrates the polymer flooding of a multizone dipping reservoir with a desaturated zone due to gravity drainage. The second illustrates the flooding of a reservoir with a gas cap and an oil rim with polymer injection near the oil-water contact. In this example, the effects of nonuniform dip, irregular well spacing and field shape, and gravity segregation of the flow are all taken into account. The two examples presented illustrate the versatility of the simulator presented illustrate the versatility of the simulator and its applicability to a wide range of problems. Introduction The design of a polymer flood for a complex reservoir requires a model that represents the reservoir features that have a significant effect on the performance of the flood. These features may include the presence of a gas cap or a desaturated zone due to gravity drainage in a dipping formation, the presence of an aquifer, irregular well spacing and reservoir boundaries, multiple zones, reservoir heterogeneities, and a well performance that is limited by state proration, injectivity, and productivity. These reservoir features are being productivity. These reservoir features are being represented by most compressible, three-phase, three-dimensional simulators. However, to model polymer flood projects, it is necessary to include a polymer flood projects, it is necessary to include a conservation equation for the polymer, and to represent the adsorption of polymer, the reduction of be rock permeability to the aqueous phase after contact with the polymer, the dispersion of the polymer slug, and the non-Newtonian flow behavior polymer slug, and the non-Newtonian flow behavior of the polymer solution.
Mask defect auto disposition based on aerial image in mask product (2009)

At the most advanced technology nodes, such as 45nm and below, aggressive OPC and Sub-Resolution Assist Features (SRAFs) are required. However, their use results in significantly increased mask complexity, making mask defect disposition more challenging than ever. In an attempt to mitigate such difficulties, new mask inspection technologies that rely on hardware emulation and software simulation to obtain aerial image at the wafer plane have been developed; however, automatic mask disposition based on aerial image is still problematic because aerial image does not give the final resist CD or contour, which are commonly used in lithography verification on post OPC masks. In this paper, an automated mask defect disposition system that remedies these shortcomings is described. The system, currently in use for mask production, works in both die-to-die and die-to-database modes, and can operate on aerial images from both AIMSTM and aerial-image-based inline mask inspection tools. The disposition criteria are primarily based on waferplane CD variance. The system also connects to a post-OPC lithography verification tool that can provide gauges and CD specs, which are then used in the mask defect disposition.
Fatty Acid Synthase Polymorphisms, Tumor Expression, Body Mass Index, Prostate Cancer Risk, and Survival (2010)

FASN germline polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of lethal PCa. Significant interactions of BMI with FASN polymorphisms and FASN tumor expression suggest FASN as a potential link between obesity and poor PCa outcome and raise the possibility that FASN inhibition could reduce PCa-specific mortality, particularly in overweight men.
Low-tech Devices for Collecting, Processing, and Planting Seeds: Collecting Seeds from Southeastern US Woodland Species (2004)

Abstract In order to collect seeds from a wide range of southeastern US woodland species with diverse dispersal strategies, specially made collection bags are placed over plants. After collection, seeds are separated from debris with a strainer and further cleaned with a fanning mill. This method can be used for efficient collection of large numbers of seeds at ideal ripeness, in a nursery or in the wild.
Synthesis of Nicotine and Diverse Analogues Using Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition (2009)

A new methodology is described for the novel and rapid synthesis of nicotine and its analogues from nicotinaldehyde. The major feature of the methodology is the highly effective intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. The reaction was studied using conventional thermal and microwave irradiation conditions.
Dispersion synthesis with multi-ordered metatronic filters (2017)

We propose the synthesis of frequency dispersion of layered structures based on the design of multi-ordered optical filters using nanocircuit concepts. Following the well-known insertion loss method commonly employed in the design of electronic and microwave filters, here we theoretically show how we can tailor optical dispersion as we carry out the design of several low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-stop filters of different order with a (maximally flat) Butterworth response. We numerically demonstrate that these filters can be designed by combining metasurfaces made of one or two materials acting as optical lumped elements, and, hence, leading to simple, easy to apply, design rules. The theoretical results based on this circuital approach are validated with full-wave numerical simulations. The results presented here can be extended to virtually any frequency dispersion synthesis, filter design procedure and/or functionality, thus opening up exciting possibilities in the design of composite materials with on-demand dispersion and high-performance and compact optical filters using one or two materials.