gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsa: non-blocking packet switching with shift-register rings (1990)

This paper discusses the design of a switch for high-speed computer networking at gigabit rates. We present the Pulsar switch, a non-blocking design based on a high-spin-rate, port-dedicated, word-parallel, shift-register ring. Several design alternatives address the problem of Head-Of-Line blocking. In contrast to Batcher-Banyan switches, access to the ring is asynchronous which facilitates low delay and arbitrary packet length. The switch can support ATM cells simultaneously with packets sized for applications such as single characters, memory words, disk blocks, memory pages, or video images. Pulsar can be used as a high-throughput computer backplane replacement. The design can be implemented with existing high-speed circuit technology.
A microfluidic device to confine a single cardiac myocyte in a sub-nanoliter volume on planar microelectrodes for extracellular potential recordings (2004)

A hybrid chip is described which combines a microfluidic network fabricated in a silicone elastomer (PDMS) with planar microelectrodes. It was used to measure extracellular potentials from single adult murine cardiac myocytes in a restricted extracellular space. The recorded variations in the extracellular potentials were caused by transmembrane currents associated with spontaneously initiated intracellular calcium waves. Single cells were trapped inside the 100 pl microchamber by pressure gradients and maintained for several hours by continuous perfusion. In addition, the localized delivery of drugs to a portion of the cell was demonstrated. The impedance of the electrodes was reduced by a factor of 10 to 20 after the electrodeposition of platinum black. Biopotentials recorded from single cells with platinum black electrodes showed a three-fold decrease in the noise, resulting in a maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 15:1. Characteristic variations in the frequency and shape of the extracellular potentials were observed among different cells which are most likely due to differences in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load. Our device architecture permits the integration of electrochemical and optical sensors for multiparameter recordings.
Characterization and use of EBT radiochromic film for IMRT dose verification (2006)

We present an evaluation of a new and improved radiochromic film, type EBT, for its implementation to IMRT dose verification. Using a characterized flat bed color CCD scanner, the film's dose sensitivity, uniformity, and speed of development post exposure were shown to be superior to previous types of radiochromic films. The film's dose response was found to be very similar to ion chamber scans in water through comparisons of depth dose and lateral dose profiles. The effect of EBT film polarization with delivered dose and film scan orientation was shown to have a significant effect on the scanner's OD readout. In addition, the film's large size, flexibility, and the ability to submerge it in water for relatively short periods of time allowed for its use in both water and solid water phantoms to verify TomoTherapy IMRT dose distributions in flat and curved dose planes. Dose verification in 2D was performed on ten IMRT plans (five head and neck and five prostate) by comparing measured EBT dose distributions to TomoTherapy treatment planning system calculated dose. The quality of agreement was quantified by the gamma index for four sets of dose difference and distance to agreement criteria. Based on this study, we show that EBT film has several favorable features that allow for its use in routine IMRT patient-specific QA.
Anorexia Nervosa: a Psychosomatic Entity (1940)

Medical Research Laboratories and the Psychiatric Clinic, Beth Israel Hospital, and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston This study has been aided by a grant from the Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation.
In vivo and in vitro structural analysis of the rplJ mRNA leader of Escherichia coli. Protection by bound L10-L7/L12. (1988)

The rpWL-rpoBC operon of Escherichia coli is regulated in part at the level of translation by an autogenous mechanism (feedback regulation) that involves ribosomal protein LlO-L7/L12.Feedback regulation occurs as the result of LlO-L7/L12 binding to a site on the untranslated leader region of the rpW mRNA that is located more than 100 nucleotides upstream from the translation start site.Previous studies have indicated that the secondary structure of the rpW leader region is important for efficient translation and feedback regulation.We have done chemical modification experiments to examine the secondary structure of approximately 200 nucleotides of the rpW leader region, and we propose a secondary structure that is consistent with the experimental data.RNA structure was probed in vitro by treating samples of total cellular RNA with diethyl pyrocarbonate and in vivo by treating log-phase cultures with dimethyl sulfate.Modified bases were detected by primer extension using three different oligonucleotide primers.The proposed structure includes five double-stranded regions designated I to V, separated by single-stranded segments numbered 1 to 5. We have also identified specific nucleotides in the rpW mRNA leader that are protected by purified LlO-L7/L12 from methylation by dimethyl sulfate in vitro.The protected bases are located within a bulge-loop of region IV, a portion of the mRNA that has been shown genetically to be necessary for feedback regulation.The regulation of ribosomal protein (r-protein)' synthesis in Escherichia coli occurs in part at the level of translation by an autogenous mechanism termed feedback regulation.At least one of the gene products of each r-protein operon can act as a translational repressor to prevent the synthesis of most or all of the r-proteins encoded by its polycistronic mRNA (Dennis and Fiil, 1979; Lindahl and Zengel, 1979; Dean et al., 1981a, 1981b; Yates and Nomura, 1980, 1981; Yates et al., 1981).Both genetic and biochemical studies have
A Deep Learning Approach to Infer Employment Status of Passengers by Using Smart Card Data (2019)

Understanding the employment status of passengers in public transit systems is significant for transport operators in many real applications such as forecasting travel demand and providing personalized transportation service. This paper develops a deep learning approach to infer a passenger's employment status by using smart card data (SCD) with a household survey. This paper first extracts an individual passenger's weekly travel patterns in different travel modes from the raw SCD as a three-dimensional image. A deep learning architecture, called a thresholding multi-channel convolutional neural network, was developed to predict an individual's employment status. The approach proposed here solves two critical problems of using the SCD for employment status studies. First, it automatically incorporates learning temporal features in different travel modes without the need for handcrafted travel feature design. Second, it considers the class-imbalance problem by leveraging the ensemble of oversampling and thresholding techniques. By applying our approach to a real dataset collected from the metropolitan area of London, U.K., about 72% of passengers were correctly categorized into six types of employment statuses. The promising results show the tight correlation between temporal travel behavior, mode choice, and social-demographic roles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to infer employment status by using the SCD.
Dynamic impact analysis (1993)

This paper introduces dynamic impact analysis as a cost-effective technique to enforce the error-propagation condition for detecting a fault. The intuition behind dynamic impact analysis is as follows. In a specific test-case, if an execution of a syntactic component has a strong impact on the program output and if the output is correct, then the value of that component-execution is not likely to be erroneous. To capture this intuition in a theoretical framework the notion of impact is formally defined and the concept of impact strength is proposed as a quantitative measure of the impact. In order to provide an infrastructure supporting the computation of impact strengths, program impact graphs and execution impact graphs are introduced. An empirical study validating the computation of impact strengths is presented. It is shown that the impact strengths computed by dynamic impact analysis provide reasonable estimates for the error-sensitivity with respect to the output except when the impact is via one or more error-tolerant components of the program. Potential applications of dynamic impact analysis in the area of mutation testing and dynamic program slicing are discussed.
An open transverse <i>z</i>-gradient coil design for magnetic resonance imaging (2002)

A method for designing open gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging using a simulated annealing optimization algorithm is described. The algorithm allows the current density toward the open end to be increased, compensating for the “missing” coil section. A semicylindrical transverse z gradient has been designed and built providing a gradient efficiency of 0.82 mT/m/A. The prototype provided good agreement with the theory over the central imaging region.
The Wing Venation and Respiratory System of Certain South African Termites (1923)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
An Expeditious Procedure for the Isolation of Ingenol from the Seeds of <i>Euphorbia </i><i>l</i><i>athyris</i> (1998)

A short and practical process for the isolation of ingenol (1a) from an agricultural commodity (the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris) is described. Macrocyclic diterpene esters are obtained as byproducts, and the esterification pattern of the Euphorbia factors L2 (3), L3 (4a), and L8 (4b) was established by 2D NMR measurements. Full spectroscopic data for these compounds are reported.
Next generation sequencing analysis of platinum refractory advanced germ cell tumor sensitive to Sunitinib (Sutent®) a VEGFR2/PDGFRβ/c-kit/ FLT3/RET/CSF1R inhibitor in a phase II trial (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00912912.
Traffic scheduling and fairness for GPRS air interface (2005)

Potential traffic policies are investigated to handle efficiently the bursty nature of data applications as envisaged in General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), a new packet oriented data service for GSM networks. The study is conducted to assess the uplink capacity of the GPRS system which is optimized for various system parameters. Different performance measures such as blocking, frame delay, system throughput and frame loss probability are evaluated.
Accelerated toxicity screening using NMR and pattern recognition-based methods. (2000)

(1)H-NMR spectroscopy has proved to be a powerful and efficient means of monitoring the interaction of pharmacological agents with cells and tissues. The application of this technique to biofluid analysis, gives rise to a comprehensive metabolic profile of the low molecular weight components of biofluids, that reflect concentrations and fluxes of endogenous metabolites involved in key intermediary cellular pathways, thereby giving an indication of an organism's physiological or pathophysiological status. Recent developments in spectrometer technology have resulted in increased sensitivity and dispersion. Together with the increased capacity for sample throughput (~ 300 samples/day), arising from the latest advances in flow probe technology and in robotic transfer systems, (1)H-NMR spectroscopic techniques have become viable in terms of toxicological screening. However, the complexity of high-field biofluid spectra in conjunction with the increased capacity for sample handling, leading to a rapid growth in the size of toxicological spectral databases, has placed greater emphasis on the need to develop improved automated procedures for data processing and interpretation. By harnessing chemometric tools to the analysis of complex spectral data, the toxicological consequences of xenobiotic exposure can be evaluated efficiently on-line. Automation of spectral processing procedures and the construction of mathematically-based 'expert systems' for the prediction of drug-induced toxicity founded on 1H-NMR spectral profiles, have now been achieved. In this article, we review the recent developments in NMR and pattern recognition analysis and consider their application in toxicological screening.
Coulomb blockade due to quantum phase slips illustrated with devices (2011)

To illustrate the emergence of Coulomb blockade from coherent quantum phase-slip processes in thin superconducting wires, we propose and theoretically investigate two elementary setups, or devices. The setups are derived from the Cooper-pair box and Cooper-pair transistor, so we refer to them as the QPS box and QPS transistor, respectively. We demonstrate that the devices exhibit sensitivity to a charge induced by a gate electrode, this being the main signature of Coulomb blockade. Experimental realization of these devices will unambiguously prove the Coulomb blockade as an effect of coherence of phase-slip processes. We analyze the emergence of discrete charging in the limit of strong phase slips. We have found and investigated six distinct regimes that are realized depending on the relation between three characteristic energy scales: inductive energy, charging energy, and phase-slip amplitude. For completeness, we include a brief discussion of dual Josephson-junction devices.
Characterization of the Glycosyltransferase Activity of DesVII:  Analysis of and Implications for the Biosynthesis of Macrolide Antibiotics (2004)

In vitro catalytic activity of DesVII, the glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of methymycin, neomethymycin, narbomycin, and pikromycin in Streptomyces venezuelae, is described. This is the first report of demonstrated in vitro activity of a glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of macrolide antibiotics. DesVII is unique among glycosyltransferases in that it requires an additional protein component, DesVIII, as well as basic pH for its full activity.
Visual modeling and 3D-representation with a complete visual programming language-a case study in manufacturing (2002)

The main goal of the article is to evaluate the suitability of visual programming languages, i.e., Pictorial Janus (K. Kahn and V. Saraswat, 1990), for the modeling of complex systems and their control strategies. These systems can be seen as networks of communicating objects. Objects select strategies for suitable actions based on incoming messages. Our field of investigation is in computer integrated manufacturing considering the example of a car manufacturing cell. This color sorting assembly buffer (CSAB) schedules jobs in queues. The jobs represent car bodies scheduled in feeder lines for the enameling. Feeder lines collect raw bodies to blocks. Blocks are bodies which are to be enameled by the same color. This organization decreases the cost of expensive change-over-times when changing colors at the enamelling. Blocks of bodies are dislocated from the queue and enameled successively. Contradictory system goals, such as minimizing color changes and preserving the sequence of incoming jobs, have to be regarded by appropriate control strategies. Due to the complexity of this (NP complete) problem and to real time requirements for online control there are no optimal strategies on hand. Consequently, suitable heuristics have to be developed. Often they are designed applying a trial-and-error method. A modeling framework has to support the rapid prototyping of these systems as well as an expressive end user oriented representation. Both are essential requirements since end users need other visualization techniques than experienced designers due to their different knowledge and interests.
Antiviral Agents in Influenza--Summary of Influenza Workshop VIII (1976)

Journal Article Antiviral Agents in Influenza—Summary of Influenza Workshop VIII Get access Robert B. Couch, Robert B. Couch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George G. Jackson George G. Jackson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 134, Issue 5, November 1976, Pages 516–527, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/134.5.516 Published: 01 November 1976
Stimulation of cell division by argon and Nd:YAG laser trabeculoplasty in cynomolgus monkeys. (1990)

Although laser treatment of the trabecular meshwork is the most common form of surgery for glaucoma, the tissue response to this therapy is still incompletely understood. We applied argon or Nd:YAG laser to the trabecular meshwork of six monkeys. Cell division was identified by injecting tritiated thymidine into the anterior chamber 24 hr after laser application. Autoradiography of tissue sections revealed significantly more labelled cells in eyes treated with laser than in the untreated controls. In addition, cells in neighboring tissues such as iris, ciliary body and sclera showed labelling in association with laser application. Furthermore, comparison of argon-induced lesions with those caused by pulsed Nd:YAG suggests that there are quantitative and qualitative differences in the response of trabecular meshwork and surrounding tissues to these two forms of laser energy.
Thermolysis of hexamethyldisilane (1968)

H. Sakurai, A. Hosomi and M. Kumada, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 930 DOI: 10.1039/C19680000930
Relationship Between the Content of Oil, Protein, and Sugar in Soybean Seed<sup>1</sup> (1972)

Abstract The oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose, have been implicated as causative factors for the flatulence and uncomfortable feeling often experienced after consuming products containing soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] meal. Soybeans are primarily grown for their oil and protein content. Their value might be enhanced, however, if the oil and protein content remained high and the oligosaccharide content were lowered to make them more acceptable for human consumption. Seeds of 60 selected lines from Maturity Groups 00 through IV were analyzed for protein, oil, total sugar, and individual sugar content. The ranges in values for oil, protein, total sugar, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose were 14.5 to 23.0, 33.1 to 49.2, 5.6 to 10.9, 2.5 to 8.2, 0.1 to 0.9, and 1.4 to 4.1 g per 100 g seed respectively. Simple correlation analysis revealed that total sugar content and oil content in soybean seeds are positively associated, and each was negatively correlated with protein content. Sucrose and raffinose content were positively correlated with oil content, while stachyose content was positively associated with protein. Even though the correlation between certain sugars and oil or protein was statistically significant, considerable variation in total sugar content was not explained by the coefficient of determination (r 2 ).
ZerehCache (2009)

Aggressive technology scaling to 45nm and below introduces serious reliability challenges to the design of microprocessors. Large SRAM structures used for caches are particularly sensitive to process variation due to their high density and organization. Designers typically over-provision caches with additional resources to overcome the hard-faults. However, static allocation and binding of redundant resources results in low utilization of the extra resources and ultimately limits the number of defects that can be tolerated. This work re-examines the design of process variation tolerant on-chip caches with the focus on flexibility and dynamic reconfigurability to allow a large number defects to be tolerated with modest hardware overhead. Our approach, ZerehCache, combines redundant data array elements with a permutation network for providing a higher degree of freedom on replacement. A graph coloring algorithm is used to configure the network and find the proper mapping of replacement elements. We perform an extensive design space exploration of both L1/L2 caches to identify several Pareto optimal ZerehCaches. For the yield analysis, a population of 1000 chips was studied at the 45nm technology node; L1 designs with 16% and an L2 designs with 8% area overheads achieve yields of 99% and 96%, respectively.
Integrated and automated design-for-testability implementation for cell-based ICs (2002)

This paper presents several design-for-testability (DFT) techniques for cell-based ICs. In the design of cell-based ICs, embedded cores are often used along with the user defined random logic. The existence of embedded cores makes chip level testing more difficult and complicated. Various test methods, such as test bus, internal and boundary scan, and BIST are selectively employed according to the target devices. The structures of those DFT methods being used for actual cell-based ASIC designs are described with their overhead in sample chips. How they are effectively integrated and automated is also explained.
Non-cariogenicity of the disaccharide palatinose in experimental dental caries of rats (1983)

The caries-inducing activity of palatinose (isomaltulose, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-fructose) was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments, comparing it with other carbohydrates. When Streptococcus mutans was successively subcultured in a broth medium containing 1% palatinose, the strains belonging to serotype a, d, or g did not ferment palatinose, whereas the strains belonging to serotype b, c, e, or f did ferment palatinose. Furthermore, palatinose significantly inhibited the synthesis of insoluble glucan from sucrose by S. mutans. Specific-pathogen-free rats which had been infected with S. mutans 6715 and fed a diet containing 56% palatinose did not develop significant dental caries. However, rats infected similarly, but fed a diet containing sucrose, glucose, fructose, or a glucose-fructose mixture manifested significant caries when compared with the noninfected, sucrose-fed control rats. Furthermore, it was found that replacement of half of the sucrose content with palatinose resulted in decreased caries development compared with caries development in rats fed the sucrose diet.
PathFinder: reconstruction and dynamic visualization of metabolic pathways (2002)

PathFinder is a tool for the dynamic visualization of metabolic pathways based on annotation data. Pathways are represented as directed acyclic graphs, graph layout algorithms accomplish the dynamic drawing and visualization of the metabolic maps. A more detailed analysis of the input data on the level of biochemical pathways helps to identify genes and detect improper parts of annotations. As an Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) based internet application PathFinder reads a list of EC-numbers or a given annotation in EMBL- or Genbank-format and dynamically generates pathway graphs.
Direction of Estradiol Metabolism as a Control of its Hormonal Action—Uterotrophic Activity of Estradiol Metabolites (1977)

The uterotrophic activities of the catechol metabolites of estradiol 2-hydroxyestrone, 2- methoxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestradiol were measured under conditions of continuous administration from sc implanted paraffin pellets. The activity of these estrogens was compared to that of estradiol-17β and its other principal metabolites estrone, estriol and 15α-hydroxyestriol (estetrol). The major catechol estrogens, 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-methoxyestrone, and the pregnancy metabolite, 15α-hydroxyestriol, exhibited no uterotrophic activity. The minor catecholestxogen, 2-hydroxyestradiol, showed some activity whose character was different from that exhibited by implants of estradiol, estrone and estriol all of which were equipotent uterotrophic agents. Implants of 2-hydroxyestrone in the presence of estradiol or estriol pellets did not diminish the response to the latter indicating that the 2-hydroxyestrone is not antiestrogenic under these conditions. It is concluded that the direction of estradiol metabolism can have a profound influence on the expression of peripheral hormonal activity with hydroxylation at C-2 terminating and hydroxylation at C-16 extending it.