gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Power Factor Correction (PFC) Circuit With Resistor-Free Zero-Current Detection (2010)

An active power-factor correction (PFC) circuit is presented that employs a newly proposed resistor-free zero-current detection (ZCD). While the conventional ZCD requires either a sensing resistor or auxiliary transformer, the proposed ZCD requires only one OFF-chip capacitor. The active PFC circuit with the proposed resistor-free ZCD has been implemented in a 0.35-μm BCDMOS process and the power factor is improved up to 9% from the one employing the conventional ZCD. The proposed resistor-free ZCD scheme can be applied to any type of switch-mode dc-dc power converter.
Synthetic Sensor Data Generation for Health Applications: A Supervised Deep Learning Approach (2018)

Recent advancements in mobile devices, data analysis, and wearable sensors render the capability of in-place health monitoring. Supervised machine learning algorithms, the core intelligence of these systems, learn from labeled training data. However, labeling vast amount of data is time-consuming and expensive. Moreover, sensor data often contains personal information that a user may not be comfortable sharing. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop methods for generating realistic labeled sensor data. In this paper, we propose a supervised generative adversarial network architecture that learns from feedback from both a discriminator and a classifier in order to create synthetic sensor data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the architecture on a publicly available human activity dataset. We show that our generator learns to output diverse samples that are similar but not identical to the training data.
Percolation theory (1980)

The theory or percolation models is developed following general ideas in the area of critical phenomena. The review is an exposition of current phase transition theory in a geometrical context. As such, it includes a discussion of scaling relations between critical exponents and their calculation using series expansion methods. Renormalisation group techniques are also considered. The major difference between percolation and other phase transition models is the absence of a Hamiltonian. Instead, the theory is based entirely on probabilistic arguments. A discussion of the connections with classical probability theory is also given.
Inner Cities (1986)

Shortly after the Conservative government was returned to power in 1983, the Secretary of State for the Environment, Patrick Jenkin, made the ritual journey for holders of his office anxious to show they care about the inner cities: he visited Merseyside.
New Developments of Ceramic Foam as a Diesel Particulate Filter (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel Particulate Filters for both passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles were manufactured using ceramic foam. A new design - the Z-filter family - allows for canning in a conventional manner.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Performance of the new ceramic foam design types was determined employing stationary and dynamic test stand measurements, as well as road testing. Particulate collection efficiency and backpressure can be tailored for a broad range of applications. Z-filters exhibit the already known favourable regeneration properties of ceramic foam.</div>
Comparison of G-CSF-primed peripheral blood progenitor cells and bone marrow auto transplantation: clinical assessment and cost-effectiveness. (1994)

The introduction of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) offers new opportunities for autologous transplantation by facilitating and enriching collection of circulating progenitor cells from peripheral blood as a source of stem cell rescue. Substitution of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) from bone marrow in autologous transplantation for therapy in advanced cancers requires clinical and economic assessment. We carried out the first clinical and cost-effectiveness study in an experimental group of 16 patients autografted with PBPC primed by G-CSF alone and with G-CSF stimulation post-transplantation, comparing these with two other groups of 17 and 21 patients who received autologous bone marrow transplantation with and without G-CSF stimulation, respectively, post-transplantation. We confirmed the ability of primed PBPC to achieve durable engraftment in a shorter time than classical BMT (median number of days to reach 0.5 x 10(9)/l neutrophils = 10.5 versus 12 and 16, respectively) to improve overall hematological recovery (median number of days to recover a platelet count > or = 25 x 10(9)/l, independent of platelet transfusion = 14.5 vs 23 and 20) and to shorten length of hospitalization. Total costs of PBPC autografting remain lower than those of autologous BMT either with or without G-CSF, and cost-effectiveness ratios using hematological recovery end points are in favour of PBPC. Finally, PBPC is a safe and effective way of performing dose-intensification in cancer patients, although further improvements are required to optimize the procedure and so further decrease the costs.
Surveillance and Intervention of Infrastructure-Free Mobile Communications: A New Wireless Security Paradigm (2016)

Conventional wireless security assumes wireless communications are rightful and aims to protect them against malicious eavesdropping and jamming attacks. However, emerging infrastructure-free mobile communication networks are likely to be illegally used (e.g., by criminals or terrorists) but difficult to be monitored, thus imposing new challenges on the public security. To tackle this issue, this article presents a paradigm shift of wireless security to the surveillance and intervention of infrastructure-free suspicious and malicious wireless communications, by exploiting legitimate eavesdropping and jamming jointly. In particular, {\emph{proactive eavesdropping}} (via jamming) is proposed to intercept and decode information from suspicious communication links for the purpose of inferring their intentions and deciding further measures against them. {\emph{Cognitive jamming}} (via eavesdropping) is also proposed so as to disrupt, disable, and even spoof the targeted malicious wireless communications to achieve various intervention tasks.
Genetic Ablation of the <i>Bmpr2</i> Gene in Pulmonary Endothelium Is Sufficient to Predispose to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2008)

Conditional heterozygous or homozygous Bmpr2 deletion in pulmonary endothelial cells predisposes mice to develop PAH.
Electronically steerable array antennas for mobile satellite communications-a review (2002)

Mobile satellite communications has flourished in the last decade. Different research groups have conducted research on electronically steerable array antennas for mobile ground stations and commercial vendors are now reaping the benefits marketing this technology. This paper reviews the technical details of these antenna arrays.
Home delivery of heat-stable vaccines in Indonesia: outreach immunization with a prefilled, single-use injection device. (1999)

Extending immunization coverage to underserved populations will require innovative immunization strategies. This study evaluated one such strategy: the use of a prefilled, single-use injection device for outreach immunization by village midwives. The device, UniJect, is designed to prevent refilling or reuse. Stored at ambient temperatures for up to 1 month in midwives' homes, vaccine-filled UniJect devices were immediately available for outreach. Between July 1995 and April 1996, 110 midwives on the Indonesia islands of Lombok and Bali visited the homes of newborn infants to deliver hepatitis B vaccine to the infants and tetanus toxoid to their mothers. Observations and interviews showed that the midwives used the device properly and safely to administer approximately 10,000 sterile injections in home settings. There were no problems with excessive heat exposure during the storage or delivery of vaccine. Injection recipients and midwives expressed a strong preference for the UniJect device over a standard syringe. Use of the prefilled device outside the cold chain simplified the logistics and facilitated the speed and efficiency of home visits, while the single-dose format minimized vaccine wastage.
Tungsten Transport Protein A (WtpA) in <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> : the First Member of a New Class of Tungstate and Molybdate Transporters (2006)

A novel tungstate and molybdate binding protein has been discovered from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. This tungstate transport protein A (WtpA) is part of a new ABC transporter system selective for tungstate and molybdate. WtpA has very low sequence similarity with the earlier-characterized transport proteins ModA for molybdate and TupA for tungstate. Its structural gene is present in the genome of numerous archaea and some bacteria. The identification of this new tungstate and molybdate binding protein clarifies the mechanism of tungstate and molybdate transport in organisms that lack the known uptake systems associated with the ModA and TupA proteins, like many archaea. The periplasmic protein of this ABC transporter, WtpA (PF0080), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, WtpA was observed to bind tungstate (dissociation constant [K(D)] of 17 +/- 7 pM) and molybdate (K(D) of 11 +/- 5 nM) with a stoichiometry of 1.0 mol oxoanion per mole of protein. These low K(D) values indicate that WtpA has a higher affinity for tungstate than do ModA and TupA and an affinity for molybdate similar to that of ModA. A displacement titration of molybdate-saturated WtpA with tungstate showed that the tungstate effectively replaced the molybdate in the binding site of the protein.
Mapping the Contours of European Union Health Law and Policy (2002)

This paper explores the new field within European social policy of European Union (EU) health policy. My principal aim is simply to identify the main constituent parts of this emerging new policy field. Although a number of social and political scientists have drawn attention to an emerging European Union health policy, this area has as yet been the subject of little attention from the legal perspective. Therefore, this paper will focus on the legal construction of the EU's health policy, paying particular attention to the ways in which legal concepts and mechanisms are contributing to the contours of this new field of EU activity.
Use of aI techniques and updating in geomechanical characterisation (2007)

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - projecto POCI/ECM/57495/2004 "Geotechnical Risk in Tunnels for High Speed Trains"
A novel organic chromophore for dye-sensitized nanostructured solar cells (2006)

A novel and efficient polyene-diphenylaniline dye for dye-sensitized solar cells has been synthesized. The dye has a short synthesis route and is readily adsorbed on TiO2 under a variety of dye-bath conditions. The overall solar-to-energy conversion efficiency is over 5% in the preliminary tests, in comparison with the conventional N719 dye which gives 6% under the same conditions. The dye is designed for future use also in solid state devices, with triarylamine based hole conductors.
Phase I Trial of Repeated Intrathecal Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2015)

Stem cell therapy is an emerging alternative therapeutic or disease-modifying strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To the authors' best knowledge, there are no clinical trials to evaluate the safety of repeated intrathecal injections of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in ALS. After the clinical trial (phase I/II) was conducted, the stem cell (HYNR-CS, NEURONATA-R) was included in the revision of the regulations on orphan drug designation (number 160; December 31, 2013) and approved as a New Drug Application (Department of Cell and Gene Therapy 233; July 30, 2014) by the Korean Food and Drug Administration. The phase II trial is expected to be reported later.
Multiplex, Bead-Based Suspension Array for Molecular Determination of Common <i>Salmonella</i> Serogroups (2007)

We report the development and evaluation of a Salmonella O-group-specific Bio-Plex assay to detect the six most common serogroups in the United States (B, C(1), C(2), D, E, and O13) plus serotype Paratyphi A. The assay is based on rfb gene targets directly involved in O-antigen biosynthesis; it can be completed 45 min post-PCR amplification. The assay correctly and specifically identified 362 of 384 (94.3%) isolates tested in comparison to traditional serotyping. Seventeen isolates (4.4%) produced results consistent with what is known about the molecular basis for serotypes but different from the results of traditional serotyping, and five isolates (1.3%) generated false-negative results. Molecular determination of the serogroup for rough isolates was consistent with a common serotype in most instances, indicating that this approach has the potential to provide O-group information for isolates that do not express an O antigen. We also report the sequence of the O-antigen-encoding rfb gene cluster from Salmonella enterica serotype Poona (serogroup O13). Compared with other, previously characterized rfb regions, the O13 rfb gene cluster was most closely related to Escherichia coli O127 and O86. The O-group Bio-Plex assay described here provides an easy-to-use, high-throughput system for rapid detection of common Salmonella serogroups.
Inhibition of Gene Expression by Triple Helix Formation in Hepatoma Cells (1995)

The aim of this study was to selectively inhibit human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene expression by triple helix assembly. Eight 21-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides were designed to bind to two purine-rich sequences in the 5'-flanking region of the human ALDH2 gene. Gel mobility shift assays showed that triplex formation is sequence-specific for the target duplex and the third strand oligonucleotide. In the presence of Mg2+, but absence of K+, triplex-forming oligonucleotides bind to their target sites with apparent dissociation constants (Kd) in the 10(-7) to 10(-9) M range. Potassium cation virtually suppressed the triplex formation of G-C-rich duplex DNA with natural oligonucleotides, but did not prevent triplex formation with phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides. Phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides were delivered into human hepatoma Hep G2 cells by cationic liposomes. The reduction in ALDH2 mRNA levels in the cells was determined by the competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. One of the phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides designed to forma an antiparallel triplex with a target in the 5'-flanking region of human ALDH2 gene (-105 to -125 from the translation initiation codon ATG) reduced by 80-90% the ALDH2 mRNA levels without affecting albumin mRNA levels. Data suggest that triple-helix formation may provide a means to selectively inhibit hepatic ALDH2 gene expression for therapeutic use.
Apertureless scanning near field optical microscope with sub-10nm resolution (2006)

We report on the implementation of a versatile dynamic mode apertureless scanning near field optical microscope (aSNOM) for nanoscopic investigations of optical properties at surfaces and interfaces. The newly developed modular aSNOM optomechanical unit is essentially integrable with a multitude of laser sources, homemade scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) as well as commercially available SPMs as demonstrated here. The instrument is especially designed to image opaque surfaces without a restriction to transparent substrates. In the description of the instrument we draw frequent attention to various possible artifact mechanisms, how to overcome them, and we present effective checks to ensure true near field optical contrast. Lateral optical contrast in optical amplitude and phase images below 10nm is demonstrated.
EWS-FLI1 fusion transcript structure is an independent determinant of prognosis in Ewing's sarcoma. (1998)

EWS-FLI1 fusion type appears to be prognostically relevant in ES, independent of tumor site, stage, and size. Further studies are needed to clarify the biologic basis of this phenomenon.
Is Corporate Diversification Beneficial in Emerging Markets? (2002)

Using a sample of over 1000 firms from seven emerging markets in 1995, we find that diversified firms trade at a discount of approximately 7% compared to single-segment firms. Diversified firms are also less profitable than single-segment firms, but lower profitability only explains part of the discount. We find a discount only for those firms that are part of industrial groups and for diversified firms with management ownership concentration between 10% and 30%. The discount is most severe when management control rights substantially exceed their cash flow rights. Our results do not support internal capital market efficiency in economies with severe capital market imperfections.
Time domain method for the prediction of pressure fluctuation induced by propeller sheet cavitation: Numerical simulations and experimental validation (2013)

This paper addresses the pressure fluctuation induced by a propeller sheet cavitation. This study applies the acoustic theory proposed by Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings to the prediction of the pressure fluctuation caused by the volume variations of the propeller cavitation. There are two objectives of this study. The first objective is to clarify and analyze the mechanism of the pressure fluctuation induced by the propeller sheet cavitation. The second objective is the evaluation of the developed numerical prediction method. Various factors that affect the pressure fluctuation are numerically simulated and analyzed based on the developed governing equation. The developed time domain prediction method is combined with the vortex lattice method, which solves for the unsteady sheet cavitation on the propeller blades. The numerical prediction results of the newly developed method are compared with the results of a potential-based numerical prediction method and the experimental results from the MOERI medium size cavitation tunnel tests for various operation conditions and propellers. As a result of this study, the pressure fluctuation induced by a propeller sheet cavitation is not simply proportional to the second derivative of the cavitation volume variation and inversely proportional to the distance. The fluctuation is represented by the combined result of the far-field term and the near-field term. Furthermore, various simulation results show that an elaborate prediction requires the overall consideration of the near-field term, the effect of the relative motion of the sources and the retarded time for the measurement position. The developed time domain prediction method provides reasonable results, and these results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In some cases, this method will provide much better results than the potential-based prediction method, especially for the prediction of the location where the maximum amplitude blade rate and the pressure amplitude of higher harmonics.
Expression of Mesenchymal and α-Cell Phenotypic Markers in Islet β-Cells in Recently Diagnosed Diabetes (2013)

Coexpression of mesenchymal and α-cell phenotypic markers in human diabetic islet β-cells has been confirmed, providing circumstantial evidence for β-cell dedifferentiation and possible reprogramming to α-cells in clinical diabetes.
Algorithms for Feature Selection in Rank-Order Spaces (2005)

The problem of feature selection in supervised learning situations is considered, where all features are drawn from a common domain and are best interpreted via ordinal comparisons with other features, rather than as numerical values. In particular, each instance is a member of a space of ranked features. This problem is pertinent in electoral, financial, and bioinformatics contexts, where features denote assessments in terms of counts, ratings, or rankings. Four algorithms for feature selection in such rank-order spaces are presented; two are information-theoretic, and two are order-theoretic. These algorithms are empirically evaluated against both synthetic and real world datasets. The main results of this paper are (i) characterization of relationships and equivalences between different feature selection strategies with respect to the spaces in which they operate, and the distributions they seek to approximate; (ii) identification of computationally simple and efficient strategies that perform surprisingly well; and (iii) a feasibility study of order-theoretic feature selection for large scale datasets. 1
Wavefunction Expansion in Terms of Spherical Bessel Functions (1971)

A formalism is derived for expanding the solutions of the Schrödinger equation in terms of spherical Bessel functions. The regular and the irregular solutions are treated. A relation between the expansion coefficients and the phase shifts is derived. As an application, the expansion coefficients of both the irregular and regular Coulomb wavefunctions are given in a form of a simple recurrence relation. The expansions have been checked numerically and found to be very suitable for calculating the regular Coulomb wavefunction in a very large region of the coordinate and the Coulomb parameter.
Rare-earth metals (REMs) in nickel aluminide-based alloys: I. Physicochemical laws of interaction in the Ni-Al-REM and Ni x Al y -REM-AE (alloying element) systems (2008)

The data on the Ni-Al-R (R = REM Sc, Y, La, lanthanides) binary and ternary systems and the interactions of three rare-earth metals (yttrium, lanthanum, cerium) with the main alloying elements (Ti (Zr, Hf), Cr (Mo, W) that are introduced into Ni3Al-based VKNA alloys are analyzed. The binary aluminides of REMs in the Ni-Al-R ternary systems are shown to be in equilibrium with neither NiAl nor Ni3Al. The solid solution of aluminum in RNi5, which penetrates deep into these ternary systems, is the most stable phase in equilibrium with Ni3Al. In the NiAl (Ni3Al)-AE-R systems, REM precipitation (segregation) on various defects and interfaces in nickel aluminides is likely to be the most probable, and REMs are thought to interact with the most active impurities in real alloys (C, O, N), since REMs have a large atomic radius and, thus, are virtually undissolved in nickel, aluminum, and nickel aluminides.
LivePulse (2011)

The rise of Twitter, blogs, review sites and social sites has motivated people to express their opinions publicly and more frequently than ever before. This has fueled the emerging field known as sentiment analysis whose goal is to translate the vagaries of human emotion into hard data. LivePulse is a tool that taps into the growing business interest in what is being said online with the particular characteristic of doing so in real-time. LivePulse integrates novel algorithms for sentiment analysis and a configurable dashboard with different kinds of dynamic charts that change as new data is ingested. It also provides support to drill down and visually explore the sentiment scores to understand how they were computed and what are the emotions expressed about a given aspect or topic. Our tool has been researched and prototyped at HP Labs in close interaction with internal and external customers whose valuable feedback has been crucial for improving the tool. This paper presents an overview of LivePulse's architecture and functionality, and illustrates how it would be demoed.
Guest Editorial Classification of Plasma Systems for Plasma-Assisted Combustion (2010)

The nine papers in this special issue focus on plasma assisted combustion.