gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing critical flux in membrane filtration of activated sludge (1999)

Membrane filtration of biomass is usually accompanied by significant flux decline due to cake-layer formation and fouling. Crossflow filtration with flux controlled by pumping the permeate can produce stable fluxes if a ‘critical flux’ is not exceeded. Below critical flux the transmembrane pressure is typically very low and increases linearly with imposed flux. Above the critical flux the transmembrane pressure rises rapidly signifying cake-layer formation which is usually accompanied by a continued rise in transmembrane pressure and/or a drop in delivered flux. A range of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes with pore sizes from 0.22 to 0.65 µm and molecular weight cut-off of 100 kDa was used. The feed was an activated sludge mixed liquor with concentration in the range of 3–10 g dm−3. The results show that the critical flux depends on feed concentration and crossflow velocity, being higher for higher crossflow velocity or lower feed concentration. Critical flux was also dependent on membrane type, being lower for hydrophobic membranes. Although the transmembrane pressure was higher for the larger pore size membrane, no significant difference in critical flux was observed among different pore size membranes. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Telemedicine Room Design (2005)

Proper design of rooms for telemedicine store-and-forward and realtime interactive consultations is critical. The challenge is to incorporate communication technology into medical practice to facilitate efficient communication and effective patient care. If this is done properly, the technology becomes unnoticeable to those involved in the telemedicine interaction. This article describes some of the steps that can be taken in a telemedicine room design to achieve this goal. Room location, treatments, background, lighting, power and telecommunications aspects are reviewed. Although every room design will have its own unique challenges, adhering to these basic principles will provide an excellent foundation to begin with.
The Impact of Human–Automation Collaboration in Decentralized Multiple Unmanned Vehicle Control (2011)

For future systems that require one or a small team of operators to supervise a network of automated agents, automated planners are critical since they are faster than humans for path planning and resource allocation in multivariate, dynamic, time-pressured environments. However, such planners can be brittle and unable to respond to emergent events. Human operators can aid such systems by bringing their knowledge-based reasoning and experience to bear. Given a decentralized task planner and a goal-based operator interface for a network of unmanned vehicles in a search, track, and neutralize mission, we demonstrate with a human-on-the-loop experiment that humans guiding these decentralized planners improved system performance by up to 50%. However, those tasks that required precise and rapid calculations were not significantly improved with human aid. Thus, there is a shared space in such complex missions for human-automation collaboration.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Saponin in Yucca Extract Used as Food Additive (2000)

A spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of saponin in Yucca extract or its preparation for food additive use. A saponin fraction of Yucca extract was prepared by column chromatography with porous polymer, and hydrolyzed with a 2 mol/L mixture of hydrochloric acid-ethanol (1 + 1) to generate sapogenin. Sapogenin amounts were determined by measuring absorbance at 430 nm, based on the color reactions with anisaldehyde, sulfuric acid, and ethyl acetate. Recoveries from Yucca extracts were 91.5-95.1%, and the detection limit was 10 microg/kg. Commercial Yucca extracts for food additive use were composed of 5.6-6.4% (w/w) saponin, making it a minor component.
QUEST-a tool for automated performance, dependability, and cost tradeoff support (2002)

The Quantitative Expert System Tool (QUEST) provides automated support for quantitative evaluation and tradeoff analysis of complex computer system designs. Three basic components are provided. The design capture component is based on an information model that incorporates performance, dependability, and cost considerations within a single, integrated representation. The quantitative modeling and analysis component provides a suite of mathematical modeling capabilities that calculate a range of performance, dependability, and cost metrics relative to candidate designs. The knowledge-based tradeoff support component interprets design information and modeling results to assess system compliance with requirements, identify design problems contributing to non-compliance, and recommend design alternatives that will bring designs into compliance with all system requirements.
Competition between cations and water for binding to phosphatidylcholines in organic solvents (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompetition between cations and water for binding to phosphatidylcholines in organic solventsRonald L. Misiorowski and Michael A. WellsCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 5, 967–975Publication Date (Print):February 27, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00729a028https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00729a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Optics And Holography In The IBM Supermarket Scanner</title> (1982)

The IBM 3687 Supermarket Scanner is designed to read the familiar UPC bar code appearing on nearly all grocery and many non-grocery items. In the past six years there have been a number of articles explaining the basic concepts involved in reading the UPC code with the scanner. The interested reader is referred to the reference articles (1, 2, 3, 4).
Association of epithelial-mesenchymal transition status with PD1/PDL1 expression and a distinct immunophenotype in non-small cell lung cancer: Implications for immunotherapy biomarkers. (2014)

3018 Background: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 have emerged as a critical inhibitory pathway that maintains immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have responded to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, indicating the crucial role of immune suppression in NSCLC. It is imperative to understand the immune features of NSCLC and identify biomarkers to select which patients may benefit from checkpoint blockade. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process driving metastasis. Our previous study developed a robust EMT gene signature predicting resistance to EGFR and PI3K/Akt inhibitors, highlighting differential patterns of drug responsiveness for epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Methods: We used this EMT gene signature and gene expression profiles in adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the PROSPECT database at MD Anderson Cancer Center (tumors collected in 240 patients undergoing surgical resection with curative intent) to study the tumor microenvironment immune profile. Tumor samples were first classified by our validated EMT signature as epithelial (low EMT scores defined by EMT scores ≤ lowest 1/3) or mesenchymal (high EMT scores defined by EMT scores ≥ highest 1/3). Gene expression profiles of immune related genes in each tumor were then analyzed. Results: Mesenchymal NSCLC is highly associated with a distinct immune phenotype in the tumor microenvironment as compared to epithelial NSCLC. Overexpression of genes for immune inhibitory molecules including PD-L1 (P = 1.6 x 10-13), PD-1 (P = 9.5 x 10-5), CTLA-4, TIM3, BTLA, IL-10, IL-6, and TGF-b (P<0.0001 for all others) are associated with mesenchymal NSCLC in both the TCGA and PROSPECT databases. Conclusions: This study demonstrates mesenchymal NSCLC (high EMT scores) is associated with distinct immune phenotypes with increased expression of immune inhibitory molecules. This study provides a potential mechanism for EMT associated immunosuppression. It suggests EMT may be a biomarker for checkpoint inhibitors and potentially other immunotherapy agents.
Is Exposure to Aluminum a Risk Factor for the Development of Alzheimer Disease?—No (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Adaptive frequency rolling for coexistence in the unlicensed band (2007)

Frequency Hopping (FH) technology has been widely used for short-range networks operating in unlicensed band. As the short-range FH networks gain momentum in ubiquitous usage, the interference that collocated FH networks cause to each other, termed self-interference, becomes one of the major sources that degrade the communication performance. This paper proposes the Adaptive Frequency Rolling (AFR), a particular adaptive instance of FH that enables FH networks to cooperate and effectively avoid the self-interference. The AFR uses as input solely the observed packet error rate (PER) and it does not require any exchange of information among the collocated networks. The effect of the AFR over a longer time interval is that the networks use the complete set of disposable channels in an implicit time-division and cooperative manner. The parameter choice is such that a network which uses AFR never occupies the channels in the unlicensed spectrum more than what is permitted by the current regulation. AFR is designed to be robust towards the noise-induced channel errors. We also design AFR with probing (AFR-P), a modified version of AFR, which can also overcome frequency-static interference from collocated non-FH network by introducing channel removal strategy with probing. Our simulation results show that AFR and AFR-P have superior goodput performance to pseudorandom frequency hopping (PFH), and also standard adaptive frequency hopping (AFH), where the latter is designed to exclusively combat frequency-static interference. All these features promote the great potential of AFR as a coexistence mechanism for unlicensed operation
Lateral complementary transistor structure for the simultaneous fabrication of functional blocks (1964)

Heretofore, the schemes for fabricating a complementary transistor structure in a monolithic functional block entailed either some additional, difficult-to-control processing steps or a sacrifice in isolation of the collector regions of one type of transistor. This paper describes an isolated p-n-p transistor structure fabricated by the same technique used for the conventional all n-p-n transistor functional block without any additional processing steps. The basic p-n-p transistor has a lateral structure. During the p-type base diffusion of the n-p-n transistor, two concentric p-type regions at close distance are selectively diffused into an isolated n-type region such as that used for the collector of an n-p-n transistor. The center p-type diffused region forms the emitter and the outer ring forms the collector. The n-type space between these two regions serves as the base. The current gain of this transistor is not high, typically around unity. However, by amplifying the collector current of the p-n-p transistor with an n-p-n transistor, the composite transistor acts like a high gain p-n-p transistor and the composite current gain can be made comparable to that of the n-p-n transistor in the same functional block. The lateral complementary transistor has been used extensively and successfully for the fabrication of linear functional blocks such as those used in the Advanced Minuteman Program.
Robust and catalytically active mono- and bis-Pd-complexes of the ‘Trost modular ligand’ (1999)

A catalytically active, bimetallic Pd–allyl complex of the Trost modular ligand, for which X-ray crystallography reveals a tetradentate (‘POPO’) coordination mode, induces a memory effect in Pd-catalysed allylic alkylation.
Research of Image Affective Semantic Rules Based on Neural Network (2008)

To bridge the semantic gaps between the low-level image visual features and the high-level emotional semantics, the paper describes image features using texture and completes the semantic mapping through BP neural network. On the premise of keeping the accuracy of classification unchanged, the trained feedforward neural network is pruned using RX algorithm. Finally, the rules of IF-THEN which can be understood easily are extracted from pruned neural network model. The experiment shows that the method is effective and the rules extracted are comprehensible.
edBB: Biometrics and Behavior for Assessing Remote Education (2019)

We present a platform for student monitoring in remote education consisting of a collection of sensors and software that capture biometric and behavioral data. We define a collection of tasks to acquire behavioral data that can be useful for facing the existing challenges in automatic student monitoring during remote evaluation. Additionally, we release an initial database including data from 20 different users completing these tasks with a set of basic sensors: webcam, microphone, mouse, and keyboard; and also from more advanced sensors: NIR camera, smartwatch, additional RGB cameras, and an EEG band. Information from the computer (e.g. system logs, MAC, IP, or web browsing history) is also stored. During each acquisition session each user completed three different types of tasks generating data of different nature: mouse and keystroke dynamics, face data, and audio data among others. The tasks have been designed with two main goals in mind: i) analyse the capacity of such biometric and behavioral data for detecting anomalies during remote evaluation, and ii) study the capability of these data, i.e. EEG, ECG, or NIR video, for estimating other information about the users such as their attention level, the presence of stress, or their pulse rate.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON SOME POTENTIAL 20‐ AND 22‐VALENCE ELECTRON COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM(0) (1976)

Abstract Die Komplexe (Ia) bzw. (Ib), die durch Behandeln einer wäßrig‐alkoholischen Lösung des Dichlorotriphosphin‐Pt‐Komplexes mit dem entsprechenden Liganden dargestellt werden können, sind nominell 22‐ bzw. 20‐Elektronen‐Spezies.
Nonassociative Learning Promotes Respiratory Entrainment to Mechanical Ventilation (2007)

Our results demonstrate an important functional role for pneumotaxic desensitization and extra-pontine habituation of the Hering-Breuer reflex elicited by lung inflation: acting as buffers or high-pass filters against tonic vagal volume input, these differentiator forms of nonassociative learning help to restore respiratory-ventilator entrainment in the face of PEEP. Such central sites-specific habituation and desensitization of the Hering-Breuer reflex provide a useful experimental model of nonassociative learning in mammals that is of particular significance in understanding respiratory rhythmogenesis and coupled-oscillator entrainment mechanisms, and in the clinical management of mechanical ventilation in respiratory failure.
A new algorithm for improving the low contrast of computed tomography images using tuned brightness controlled single-scale Retinex (2015)

Contrast is a distinctive visual attribute that indicates the quality of an image. Computed Tomography (CT) images are often characterized as poor quality due to their low-contrast nature. Although many innovative ideas have been proposed to overcome this problem, the outcomes, especially in terms of accuracy, visual quality and speed, are falling short and there remains considerable room for improvement. Therefore, an improved version of the single-scale Retinex algorithm is proposed to enhance the contrast while preserving the standard brightness and natural appearance, with low implementation time and without accentuating the noise for CT images. The novelties of the proposed algorithm consist of tuning the standard single-scale Retinex, adding a normalized-ameliorated Sigmoid function and adapting some parameters to improve its enhancement ability. The proposed algorithm is tested with synthetically and naturally degraded low-contrast CT images, and its performance is also verified with contemporary enhancement techniques using two prevalent quality evaluation metrics-SSIM and UIQI. The results obtained from intensive experiments exhibited significant improvement not only in enhancing the contrast but also in increasing the visual quality of the processed images. Finally, the proposed low-complexity algorithm provided satisfactory results with no apparent errors and outperformed all the comparative methods.
Correction of coagulation in the hemophilic dog by transplantation of lymphatic tissue. (1974)

Available data concerning the non-hepatic source of plasma factor VIII are conflicting. In the present study, dogs with factor VIII deficiency hemophilia were transplanted with spleen or vascularized lymph node grafts obtained from normal donor dogs. Postoperative immunosuppression was done with azathioprine and heterologous antilymphocyte globulin. Four spleen transplants were successful and the recipients had positive technetium sulfide spleen scans along with adequate plasma factor VIII levels for three to eight weeks. Cessation of graft isotope uptake was accompanied by prompt disappearance of plasma factor in all four dogs. Histologically, the grafts were rejected at this time. In one dog, a second spleen graft immediately restored therapeutic factor VIII levels. Four lymph node transplants were successful and plasma factor VIII was detected for one, one, two, and ten weeks. Three dogs rejected their lymph node grafts with disappearance of factor VIII, while one had a viable transplant removed with loss of factor VIII within two days. The data suggest that factor VIII is produced in the lymphatic tissue of the dog.
Transcriptional oscillation of canonical clock genes in mouse peripheral tissues (2004)

The observation of oscillatory profiles of canonical clock genes is not only useful for physiological and pathological examination of the circadian clock in various organs but also important for systematic understanding of transcriptional regulation on a genome-wide basis. Our finding of the oscillatory expression of canonical clock genes with a temporal order provides us an interesting hypothesis, that cyclic timing of all clock and clock-controlled genes may be dependent on several transcriptional elements including 3 known elements, E-box, RORE, and DBPE.
A dynamic Bayesian framework to model context and memory in edit distance learning (2005)

Sitting at the intersection between statistics and machine learning, Dynamic Bayesian Networks have been applied with much success in many domains, such as speech recognition, vision, and computational biology. While Natural Language Processing increasingly relies on statistical methods, we think they have yet to use Graphical Models to their full potential. In this paper, we report on experiments in learning edit distance costs using Dynamic Bayesian Networks and present results on a pronunciation classification task. By exploiting the ability within the DBN framework to rapidly explore a large model space, we obtain a 40% reduction in error rate compared to a previous transducer-based method of learning edit distance.
High Resolution Delay Estimation in Urban GNSS Vehicular Navigation (2012)

Multipath propagation causes major impairments to satellite based navigation systems and is often the dominant source of accuracy degradation and a major issue for high precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications. Most of the commonly used time-of-arrival estimation techniques cannot provide the required estimation accuracy in severely dense multipath environments such as urban canyons. In this paper, the Doppler spectrum broadening (Doppler spread) of the fast fading channel (where the rate of the variations of the channel is faster than the symbol rate of the signal) resulting from the motion of the receiver or surrounding objects is employed for the purpose of signal decorrelation for the high-resolution estimation of multipath delays through the subspace-based Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) technique. Specifically, delay-domain correlator outputs at different Doppler frequencies will be combined to enhance the rank of the signal autocorrelation matrix. Theoretical simulation and processing results of real data collected in downtown Calgary are presented to compare the performance of the proposed method with the spatial-temporal-diversity based MUSIC technique and a widely available algorithm in commercial GNSS receivers, namely the double-delta correlator technique. The performance metrics are based upon pseudorange and positioning errors. The pseudoranges and positions computed by the proposed techniques are compared to the reference trajectory established using a high precision Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) .
Learning Naive Bayes Classifiers for Music Classification and Retrieval (2010)

In this paper, we explore the use of naive Bayes classifiers for music classification and retrieval. The motivation is to employ all audio features extracted from local windows for classification instead of just using a single song-level feature vector produced by compressing the local features. Two variants of naive Bayes classifiers are studied based on the extensions of standard nearest neighbor and support vector machine classifiers. Experimental results have demonstrated superior performance achieved by the proposed naive Bayes classifiers for both music classification and retrieval as compared to the alternative methods.