gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Increases Long-Term Survival of Spinal Motor Neurons and Improves Respiratory Function after Experimental Spinal Cord Injury (1999)

Acute focal injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) protects ventral horn (VH) neurons from death after experimental contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) at T8. Because these neurons innervate respiratory muscles, we hypothesized that respiratory deficits resulting from SCI would be attenuated by FGF2 treatment. To test this hypothesis we used a head-out plethysmograph system to evaluate respiratory parameters in conscious rats before and at 24 hr and 7, 28, and 35 d after SCI. Two groups of rats (n = 8 per group) received either FGF2 (3 microg) beginning 5 min after injury or vehicle (VEH) solution alone. We found significantly increased respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume at 24 hr and 7 d after SCI in the VEH-treated group. Ventilatory response to breathing 5 or 7% CO(2) was also significantly reduced. Recovery took place over time. Respiration remained normal in the FGF2-treated group. At 35 d after injury, histological analyses were used to compare long-term neuron survival. FGF2 treatment doubled the survival of VH neurons adjacent to the injury site. Because the number of surviving VH neurons rostral to the injury epicenter was significantly correlated to the ventilatory response to CO(2), it is likely that the absence of respiratory deficits in FGF2-treated rats was caused by its neuroprotective effect. Our results demonstrate that FGF2 treatment prevents the respiratory deficits produced by thoracic SCI. Because FGF2 also reduced the loss of preganglionic sympathetic motoneurons after injury, this neurotrophic factor may have broad therapeutic potential for SCI.
Obesity in Britain (1995)

The combination of overseas patients and homelessness is an established phenomenon in London.Yet London continues to lose capitation fimding despite the awful social statistics of the inner city areas.
RANGE - robust autonomous navigation in GPS-denied environments (2010)

This video highlights our system that enables a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) to autonomously explore and map unstructured and unknown GPS-denied environments. While mapping and exploration solutions are now well-established for ground vehicles, air vehicles face unique challenges which have hindered the development of similar capabilities. Although there has been recent progress toward sensing, control, and navigation techniques for GPS-denied flight, there have been few demonstrations of stable, goal-directed flight in real-world environments. Our system leverages a multi-level sensing and control hierarchy that matches the computational complexity of the component algorithms with the real-time needs of a MAV to achieve autonomy in unconstrained environments.
Adaptive symbol and parameter estimation in asynchronous multiuser CDMA detectors (1997)

Existing multiuser code-division multiple-access (CDMA) detectors either have to rely on strict power control or near-perfect parameter estimation for reliable operation. A novel adaptive multiuser CDMA detector structure is introduced. Using either an extended Kalman filter (EKF) or a recursive least squares (RLS) formulation, adaptive algorithms which jointly estimate the transmitted bits of each user and individual amplitudes and time delays may be derived. The proposed detectors work in a tracking mode after initial delay acquisition is accomplished using other techniques not discussed here. Through computer simulations, we show that the algorithms perform better than a bank of single-user (SU) receivers in terms of near-far resistance. Practical issues such as the selection of adaptation parameters are also discussed.
Highly efficient organic tandem solar cells using an improved connecting architecture (2007)

Tandem solar cells based on the combination of a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester and a copper phthalocyanine:fullerene subcell are reported. By using a highly transparent, high-work function WO3 layer as part of the interconnecting system for the two subcells, the authors demonstrate stacked devices with power conversion efficiencies as high as 4.6%. The efficiency of the stacked devices is close to the sum of the efficiencies of the individual subcells.
Quantization for soft-output demodulators in bit-interleaved coded modulation systems (2009)

We study quantization of log-likelihood ratios (LLR) in bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) systems in terms of an equivalent discrete channel. We propose to design the quantizer such that the quantizer outputs become equiprobable. We investigate semi-analytically and numerically the ergodic and outage capacity over single- and multiple-antenna channels for different quantizers. Finally, we show bit error rate simulations for BICM systems with LLR quantization using a rate 1/2 low-density parity-check code.
Cardiac Surgery for Arrhythmias (2004)

Cardiac arrhythmia surgery was initiated in 1968 with the first successful division of an accessory AV connection for the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. Subsequent surgical procedures included the left atrial isolation procedure and the right atrial isolation procedure for automatic atrial tachycardias, discrete cryosurgery of the AV node for AV nodal reentry tachycardia, the atrial transection procedure, corridor procedure and Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation, the right ventricular disconnection procedure for arrhythmogenic right ventricular tachycardia, the encircling endocardial ventriculotomy, subendocardial resection procedure, endocardial cryoablation, the Jatene procedure, and the Dor procedure for ischemic ventricular tachycardia. Because of monumental strides in the treatment of most refractory arrhythmias by endocardial catheter techniques during the past decade, the only remaining viable surgical procedures for cardiac arrhythmias are the Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation and the Dor procedure for ischemic ventricular tachycardia. Nevertheless, the 25-30 years of intense activity in the field of cardiac arrhythmia surgery provided the essential foundation for the development of these catheter techniques and represent one of the most exciting and productive eras in the history of medicine. In one short professional career, we have witnessed the birth of arrhythmia surgery, its adolescence as an "esoteric" specialty, its prime as an enlightening yet exhausting period, and finally its waning years as a source of knowledge and wisdom on which better methods of treatment have been founded. One could hardly ask for a more rewarding experience.
The ENRY analysis: a 325-patient European multicentre analysis (2012)

Between September 2003 and December 2009, the ENRY (European Network on Radioembolisation with Yttrium-90 resin microspheres) group collated data on 325 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), also known as radioembolisation, with yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres®) at eight European centres. 1 Multiple analyses were conducted according to disease stage, prior treatment and key prognostic markers such as liver function (as measured by individual variables such as bilirubin levels or by composite variables such as the Child–Pugh score) and tumour burden (as measured by nodularity, portal vein thrombosis [PVT], extrahepatic disease [EHD] or performance status). These analyses have helped provide some important insights into questions of the safety and efficacy of this procedure
Selective Synthesis of Nanospheres and Nanosheets of Bismuth Subcarbonate (2015)

Abstract Bismuth subcarbonate ((BiO)2CO3) nanospheres (150 nm in diameter) and nanosheets (5 nm thickness) were selectively synthesized in ultra-dilute bismuth nitrate solutions of 1 to 100 µM. Bismuth ions react with carbonic acid, which is formed by CO2 dissolved in water, and (BiO)2CO3 nanostructures are synthesized by the reaction of BiONO3 and carbonic acid. The morphologies of the nanostructures are controlled by the reaction kinetics, proportional to the concentration of reactant ions; lower concentration leads to slower reaction and isotropic growth of nanospheres, while higher concentration causes faster reaction in the direction of higher indexed plane, and nanosheets are synthesized.
Detection and localization of obscured objects from near-field sensor array data: physical models and statistical processing (2002)

The problem of near field object detection from array-based electromagnetic induction data is addressed. A forward scattering model based on the Born approximation is employed. Using insight obtained from this model, a clutter model in the form of a state space system is developed which describes the correlation of the noise both across the sensing array and from one position of the array to the next as the measurement device proceeds down track. A multiple-model detection scheme based on the whitening properties of the Kalman filter is employed to perform the actual object detection. This approach is applied to the detection and localization of buried objects. Examples are provided for land mines buried directly in front and off to one side of the array.
Regulation by Heme of Mitochondrial Protein Transport Through a Conserved Amino Acid Motif (1993)

A conserved motif, termed the heme regulatory motif (HRM), was identified in the presequences of the erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase precursors and was shown to be involved in hemin inhibition of transport of these proteins into mouse mitochondria in vitro. When the HRM was inserted into the presequence of the ornithine transcarbamoylase precursor, a normally unregulated mitochondrial protein, it conferred hemin inhibition on the transport of the chimeric protein. The conserved cysteine within the HRM was shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be required for hemin inhibition.
Establishment of the role of IL-6 and TNF receptor 1 using gene knockout mice (1994)

Cytokines are known to be key players in host response to infection, immunological disorders, and tissue injury in the attempt of an organism to overcome the insult and restore homeostasis. Another important aspect of cytokines, however, is their normal physiological role during development in the unchallenged organism. The most elegant way to analyze both of these functions is to introduce targeted mutations in embryonic stem cells in order to create new mouse strains deficient for a given cytokine and identify the functions that are consequently impaired or lost. This review summarizes the mutant phenotypes of mice carrying a null mutation in the cytokine IL-6 gene or the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (Tnfr1) gene. Results for interferon-- and interferon-gamma receptor-deficient mice are included for comparison.
Synthesen in der »Oxazinreihe« (1889)

drei Kernen 0 ableiten lassen und bezeichnet diese Klassen als P a z o x i n e (Paraa z o x i n e)-M a z o x i n e ( Metaazoxine) und 0 a z ox i n e (Orthoazoxine)
Isolation and Characterization of Rat Trophoblast Cells (1988)

Previous immunohistochemical studies of the rat placenta using specific alloantisera and/or monoclonal antibodies showed that the basal zone trophoblasts stained for Pa and Aa class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and for the human SP1-related antigen. In an effort to isolate the basal zone trophoblast cells from the rat placenta, we used these markers to assess the degree of purification of the cells separated by density gradient centrifugation using either Ficoll-Hypaque or Percoll as the gradient medium. The cells were put either on the top or at the bottom of discontinuous density gradients in the range of 1.005-1.10 g/ml. The cell separation profiles for the two media were different. With Percoll, most of the trophoblast cells (80-95%) were collected at the density gradients 1.04/1.06 and 1.06/1.08, whereas with Ficoll-Hypaque, these gradients separated only a small fraction (4-23%) of the trophoblast cells, and most of them pelleted at the bottom of the tube. The trophoblast cells separated by Ficoll-Hypaque, however, showed fewer contaminant cells than those separated by the Percoll gradients.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2019)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious disease of the lung, which leads to extensive parenchymal scarring and death from respiratory failure. The most accepted hypothesis for IPF pathogenesis relies on the inability of the alveolar epithelium to regenerate after injury. Alveolar epithelial cells become apoptotic and rare, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts accumulate and extracellular matrix (ECM) is deposited in response to the aberrant activation of several pathways that are physiologically implicated in alveologenesis and repair but also favor the creation of excessive fibrosis via different mechanisms, including epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a pathophysiological process in which epithelial cells lose part of their characteristics and markers, while gaining mesenchymal ones. A role for EMT in the pathogenesis of IPF has been widely hypothesized and indirectly demonstrated; however, precise definition of its mechanisms and relevance has been hindered by the lack of a reliable animal model and needs further studies. The overall available evidence conceptualizes EMT as an alternative cell and tissue normal regeneration, which could open the way to novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as to more effective treatment options.
Mapping the Architecture of Secretin Receptors with Intramolecular Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Using Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter-Based Spectral Imaging (2007)

The molecular structure and agonist-induced conformational changes of class II G protein-coupled receptors are poorly understood. In this work, we developed and characterized a series of dual cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-tagged and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged secretin receptor constructs for use in various functional and fluorescence analyses of receptor structural variants. CFP insertions within the first or second intracellular loop domains of this receptor were tolerated poorly or partially, respectively, in receptors tagged with a carboxyl-terminal yellow fluorescent protein that itself had no effect on secretin binding or cAMP production. A similar CFP insertion into the third intracellular loop resulted in a plasma membrane-localized receptor that bound secretin and signaled normally. This fully active third-loop variant exhibited a significant decrease in fluorescence resonance energy transfer signals that were recorded with an acousto-optic tunable filter microscope after exposure to secretin agonist but not to a receptor antagonist. These data demonstrate changes in the relative positions of intracellular structures that support a model for secretin receptor activation.
THE STEADY TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW OF VISCOUS FLUID AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS PASSING THROUGH AN INFINITE ROW OF EQUAL PARALLEL CIRCULAR CYLINDERS (1957)

A detailed discussion based upon Oseen's equations of motion has been made of the steady two-dimensional flow of a viscous fluid passing perpendicularly through an infinite row of equal parallel circular cylinders regularly spaced. It has thus been found that the drag acting on any one of the cylinders in the row is always greater than that acting on the same cylinder when it is immersed alone in an unlimited uniform flow with the same velocity. In particular, when the Reynolds number of the flow is sufficiently small, the drag is found to be proportional to the flow speed U, while it is proportional to U/log U in the case of a single cylinder. Thus, the interference effect between the cylinders in the row is very remarkable at low Reynolds numbers.
They've made it - try it yourself! - twenty eight questions on starting and running a business (2001)

The booklet offers support for overall activities of small and medium scale enterprises, in an effort to provide incentives for the development of entrepreneurship in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It tests and analyzes the personal characteristics of individual businessmen, to then include questions and answers on the line of business to be chosen, in accordance with varying circumstances, i.e., productivity, work schedules, business plans (and how to develop such plans), and ultimate goals. Furthermore, the booklet reviews the factors that will influence business operations, particularly as it regards its location selection, and even whether management could be possible from a home perspective. Options on the procurement of equipment and a plant, identifies choices on whether to lease (rent) or buy, and the factors influencing such decisions. Then, considerations on the legal aspects, and the steps to be taken to register a business are examined, including fiscal incentives, taxation, and customs. Suggestions on the legal status include independent entrepreneurship, general or limited partnership, and limited liability or joint stock company. Finally, considerations are offered on determining salaries, prices, productivity, and marketability.
Review article: rifabutin in the treatment of refractory<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>infection (2011)

Rifabutin-containing rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging strategy after multiple (usually three) previous eradication failures with key antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and levofloxacin.
Productive infection of primary cultures of endothelial cells from the cat liver sinusoid with the feline immunodeficiency virus (1996)

Given the similarities between the two viruses, the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is becoming an interesting animal model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies. To explore the still controversial role of the liver in the development of HIV infection, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) were isolated, and primary cultures were infected with the FIV Villefranche IFFA strain. The isolated cells were characterized by their typical fenestrations, the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWf), and their ability to take up acetylated low-density lipoproteins and denatured collagen. Two weeks after infection, significant amounts of FIV p24 antigen were detected by immunofluorescence in both multinucleated giant and single cells and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the culture medium. High amounts of viral particles were observed together with different steps of budding at the plasma membrane or at the membrane of intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The released viral particles were shown to be infectious for a permissive cell line. During the first 3 weeks of infection, the only cytopathic effect of FIV was syncytia formation. No noticeable impairment of the pattern of fenestrations and the modulation of their number by a cytoskeleton-mediated process occurred. The productive infection of SEC may contribute to the progression of the infection.
Involvement of hydrogenases in the formation of highly catalytic Pd(0) nanoparticles by bioreduction of Pd(II) using Escherichia coli mutant strains (2010)

Escherichia coli produces at least three [NiFe] hydrogenases (Hyd-1, Hyd-2 and Hyd-3). Hyd-1 and Hyd-2 are membrane-bound respiratory isoenzymes with their catalytic subunits exposed to the periplasmic side of the membrane. Hyd-3 is part of the cytoplasmically oriented formate hydrogenlyase complex. In this work the involvement of each of these hydrogenases in Pd(II) reduction under acidic (pH 2.4) conditions was studied. While all three hydrogenases could contribute to Pd(II) reduction, the presence of either periplasmic hydrogenase (Hyd-1 or Hyd-2) was required to observe Pd(II) reduction rates comparable to the parent strain. An E. coli mutant strain genetically deprived of all hydrogenase activity showed negligible Pd(II) reduction. Electron microscopy suggested that the location of the resulting Pd(0) deposits was as expected from the subcellular localization of the particular hydrogenase involved in the reduction process. Membrane separation experiments established that Pd(II) reductase activity is membrane-bound and that hydrogenases are required to initiate Pd(II) reduction. The catalytic activity of the resulting Pd(0) nanoparticles in the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) varied according to the E. coli mutant strain used for the initial bioreduction of Pd(II). Optimum Cr(VI) reduction, comparable to that observed with a commercial Pd catalyst, was observed when the bio-Pd(0) catalytic particles were prepared from a strain containing an active Hyd-1. The results are discussed in the context of economic production of novel nanometallic catalysts.
High-Density Lipoprotein-Mediated Anti-Atherosclerotic and Endothelial-Protective Effects: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease (2010)

Reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) are associated with a substantially increased risk of coronary disease and cardiovascular events. Furthermore, numerous studies have suggested that HDL may exert several potentially important antiatherosclerotic and endothelial-protective effects. In particular, the promotion of reverse cholesterol transport, i.e. cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and the subsequent cholesterol transport back to the liver, has been proposed as an anti-atherogenic effect of HDL that may promote regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction is thought to play a critical role in development and progression of atherosclerosis and several recent studies have suggested that HDL exerts direct endothelial-protective effects, such as stimulation of endothelial production of the anti-atherogenic molecule nitric oxide, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. Furthermore, it has been observed that HDL may stimulate endothelial repair processes, involving mobilisation and promotion of endothelial repair capacity of endothelial progenitor cells. The relative significance of these different potential anti-atherosclerotic effects of HDL remains still unclear at present. Importantly, at the same time it has been recognized that the vascular effects of HDL may be variable, i.e. the capacity of HDL to stimulate macrophage cholesterol efflux and endothelial-protective effects may be altered in patients with inflammatory or cardiovascular disease. The further characterisation of underlying mechanisms and the identification of the clinical relevance of this "HDL dysfunction" are currently an active field of research. HDL-targeted treatment strategies are at present intensely evaluated and may lead to increased HDL plasma levels and/or HDL-stimulated anti-atherosclerotic effects. The cardiovascular protection provided by such approaches may likely depend on HDL function or quality, i.e. the anti-atherosclerotic and endothelial-protective properties of the on-treatment HDL. Currently, several HDL-raising treatment strategies are examined in clinical trials, i.e. extended-release niacin, the CETP inhibitors dalcetrapib and anacetrapib, reconstituted forms of HDL (i.e. CSL-111) or apoA-I mimetics, and some of these are already in large clinical outcome studies on top of statin therapy to determine their efficacy and safety for cardiovascular prevention.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Triangular Cluster (Mo3S13)2‐: Electronic Structure (X. alpha. Calculations, XPS), Crystal Structure of (Ph4As)2(Mo3S13)× 2 CH3CN and a Refinement of the Crystal Structure of (NH4)2(Mo3S13). times.H2O. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.