gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Great Big Alveolar TI Cell: Evolving Concepts and Paradigms (2009)

Pulmonary alveolar type I cells (TI cell) are very large (approximately 5400 microm(2) in surface area) squamous cells that cover more than 98% of the internal surface area of rodent lungs. In the past, TI cells were believed to serve only passive barrier functions, with no active functional properties in the lung. The fairly recent development of methods to isolate TI cells has permitted investigation of functions of this cell type for the first time. Resolvable by electron microscopy, TI cells contain microvilli and organelles typically associated with metabolic functions, such as mitochondria, abundant smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. TI cells contain the molecular machinery necessary for ion transport and take up Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-), from which one can infer that it is likely that they play a role in ion and fluid transport in vivo. Because the abundance/microm(2) of highly selective Na(+) channels (HSC channels, consisting of all three ENaC subunits) is the same in TI and TII cells and because TI cells cover the majority of the lung internal surface, TI cells may play the major role in bulk transport of Na(+). In vitro, TI cells can proliferate and exhibit phenotypic plasticity, raising the question of whether this cell type may play a role in development and lung repair after injury. From gene expression analysis of TI cells, one can infer a variety of other possible functions for TI cells. The development of techniques to administer transgenes specifically to TI cells will permit direct study of this cell type in vivo.
Real Options:: Managing Strategic Investment in an Uncertain World (1998)

This book is about the real options approach to strategic investments, showing how to capitalize on uncertainty through strategic investments, contracts, and use of the financial markets.
A Simplified Quaternion-Based Algorithm for Orientation Estimation From Earth Gravity and Magnetic Field Measurements (2008)

Orientation of a static or slow-moving rigid body can be determined from the measured gravity and local magnetic field vectors. Some formulation of the QUaternion ESTimator (QUEST) algorithm is commonly used to solve this problem. Triads of accelerometers and magnetometers are used to measure gravity and local magnetic field vectors in sensor coordinates. In the QUEST algorithm, local magnetic field measurements affect not only the estimation of yaw but also that of roll and pitch. Due to the deviations in the direction of the magnetic field vector between locations, it is not desirable to use magnetic data in calculations that are related to the determination of roll and pitch. This paper presents a geometrically intuitive 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) orientation estimation algorithm with physical meaning [which is called the factored quaternion algorithm (FQA)], which restricts the use of magnetic data to the determination of the rotation about the vertical axis. The algorithm produces a quaternion output to represent the orientation. Through a derivation based on half-angle formulas and due to the use of quaternions, the computational cost of evaluating trigonometric functions is avoided. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has an overall accuracy that is essentially identical to that of the QUEST algorithm and is computationally more efficient. Additionally, magnetic variations cause only azimuth errors in FQA attitude estimation. A singularity avoidance method is introduced, which allows the algorithm to track through all orientations.
Sensorless control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors using online parameter identification based on system identification theory (2006)

An online parameter identification method and sensorless control using identified parameters were realized in surface and interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs and IPMSMs, respectively). As this method does not use rotor position or velocity to identify motor parameters, the identified parameters are not affected by position estimation error under sensorless control. The proposed method can be applied to all kinds of synchronous motors. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by experiments in both SPMSMs and IPMSMs.
Social capital and public health: responding to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)

This article argues that considerations of social capital - including virtual community building, fostering solidarity between high-risk and low-risk groups, and trust building between decision-makers, healthcare workers, and the public - offer a powerful frame of reference for understanding how response and recovery programs can be best implemented to effectively ensure the inclusive provision of COVID-19 health services.
Stabilising normal and mis‐sense variant α‐glucosidase (2006)

alpha-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-linkages of glycogen to produce free glucose. A deficiency in alpha-glucosidase activity results in glycogen storage disorder type II (GSD II), also called Pompe disease. Here, d-glucose was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase and when added to culture medium at 6.0 g/L increased the production of this protein by CHO-K1 expression cells and stabilised the enzyme activity. D-Glucose also prevented alpha-glucosidase aggregation/precipitation and increased protein yield in a modified purification scheme. In fibroblast cells, from adult-onset GSD II patients, D-glucose increased the residual level of alpha-glucosidase activity, suggesting that a structural analogue of d-glucose may be used for enzyme enhancement therapy.
Physiology of Fungal Haustoria (1972)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
An Approach to Program Testing (1975)

article Free Access Share on An Approach to Program Testing Author: J. C. Huang Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TexasView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 7Issue 3Sept. 1975 pp 113–128https://doi.org/10.1145/356651.356652Published:01 September 1975Publication History 163citation1,355DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations163Total Downloads1,355Last 12 Months190Last 6 weeks47 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Amphiphilic Ruthenium Sensitizers and Their Applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2004)

Amphiphilic ligands 4,4'-bis(1-adamantyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (L(1)), 4,4'-bis[5-[N-[2-(3beta-cholest-5-en-3-ylcarbamate-N-yl)ethyl]aminocarbonyl]]-2,2'-bipyridine (L(2)), 4,4'-bis[5-[N-[2-(3beta-cholest-5-en-3-ylcarbamate-N-yl)propyl]aminocarbonyl]]-2,2'-bipyridine (L(3)), and 4,4'-bis(dodecan-12-ol)-2,2'-bipyridine (L(4)) and their heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [Ru(II)LL(1)(NCS)(2)] (5), [Ru(II)LL(2)(NCS)(2)] (6), [Ru(II)LL(3)(NCS)(2)] (7), and [Ru(II)LL(4)(NCS)(2)] (8) (where L = 4,4'-bis(carboxylic acid)-2,2'-bipyridine) have been synthesized starting from dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer. All the ligands and the complexes were characterized by analytical, spectroscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The performance of these complexes as charge-transfer photosensitizers in nanocrystalline TiO(2)-based solar cells was studied. When complexes 5-8 anchored onto a 12 + 4 microm thick nanocrystalline TiO(2) films, very efficient sensitization was achieved (85 +/- 5% incident photon-to-current efficiencies in the visible region, using an electrolyte consisting of 0.6 M butylmethylimidazolium iodide, 0.05 M I(2), 0.1 M LiI, and 0.5 M tert-butyl pyridine in 1:1 acetonitrile + valeronitrile). Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight, the complex 8 yielded a short-circuit photocurrent density of 17 +/- 0.5 mA/cm(2), the open-circuit voltage was 720 +/- 50 mV, and the fill factor was 0.72 +/- 0.05, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 8.8 +/- 0.5%.
A pitch detection algorithm with hypothesis and test strategy by means of fast surface AMDF (2005)

This paper describes a pitch extractor algorithm(V/UV decision and fundamental frequency estimation). The basis of the method is a modified AMDF(Average Magnitude Difference Function) algorithm. The main modifications are: Segmentation of the speech signal, fast computations by area comparisons. This last algorithm is shown to be 5 or 6 times faster than another AMDF algorithm. A hypothesis and test strategy is used. Hypotheses are generated by the modified AMDF. Then the hypotheses are verified by simple filterings of the signal and dynamic programming scheme.
Psoralen and sunlight for psoriasis in the Southwest. (1979)

The treatment of psoriasis with psoralen and direct sunlight has been reported as successful but unpredictable because of its dependence on prevailing weather conditions which are subject to marked daily and seasonal variations. A study carried out in a locale nearly ideal because of its reliable year-round sunshine produced complete remission of all exposed plaques in twelve consecutive patients.
Concentration profiles of antimony-doped shallow layers in silicon (2004)

Antimony implants at 40 keV and at a dose of 4 × 1014 cm−2 have been characterized for their potential use in n-type shallow junction formation. The electrical characterization was done using sheet resistivity and Hall effect measurements. High electrical activities (>80%) and low sheet resistance values (<200 Ω/□) were obtained for annealing temperatures below 800 °C. A novel differential Hall effect technique was used to obtain doping profiles at a depth resolution down to 1 nm, with a comparison made between these and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurements of the atomic profile as a function of annealing temperature. The antimony shows insignificant diffusion for annealing temperatures of 800 °C and below, with junction depths of about 60 nm. Electrical activation correlates well with the substitutional fraction of antimony determined by RBS.
Vehicle Localization with Global Probability Density Function for Road Navigation (2007)

This paper presents a novel approach of real-time vehicle's localization (position and orientation) estimation. Fusion of GPS, gyroscope, speedometer and visual data is employed here to provide real time and accurate localization information. Global Probability Density Function(PDF) is adopted to be the blending factor instead of general Kalman gain, which allows our approach to be robust and accurate for most of practical systematic problems, since the basic measurements from GPS may cause data drift or large infrequent data jumps during the fusion processing. Combining with visual data for lane shape recognition and tracking, our approach can provide as accurate as 3 to 5 meters RMS location accuracy at about 30Hz, with less then 35ms delay. This approach has been adapted to the direct visual navigation system in VICNAS.
Immunological Mechanisms Operative in Allergen–Specific Immunotherapy (1999)

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the practice of administering increasing doses of allergen extracts to selected subjects suffering from IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, with the ultimate aim of ameliorating the symptoms associated with exposure to the causative allergen. The process is often called hyposensitization or desensitization because one consequence of the treatment is a reduction in sensitivity of the target organ after challenge with the relevant allergen. SIT has been practiced as treatment of type I allergy caused by inhalant allergens and Hymenoptera venoms for more than 80 years on an empirical basis. Today, numerous double-blind, placebo-controlled studies prove the therapeutic effect of SIT. However, the immunological mechanisms underlying successful specific immunotherapy have still not been completely elucidated. This review focuses on recent attempts to characterize the immunological events associated with SIT.
An array grammar programming system (1973)

A package of Fortran programs has been developed that permits a user to interactively design and test array grammars. The user can control the rule selection procedure in a derivation or parse, using weighted programming matrices; he also has a choice of instance selection schemes (raster, random, parallel). Examples are given involving array languages consisting of simple geometrical patterns, as well as a language of “neuron pictures.”
Asymptotic analysis of optimum and sub-optimum CDMA downlink MMSE receivers (2003)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of linear receivers for CDMA downlink transmissions over frequency selective channels, the users having possibly different powers. For large spreading factors and under some technical conditions, signal to interference and noise ratios (SINR) at the output of these receivers have simple and easily interpretable expressions. Free probability, a theory which studies in particular the asymptotic behavior of some large random matrices, is used. Two linear receivers are considered and compared: the MMSE receiver and a chip equalizer.
Two-dimensional charge-transfer arrays (1974)

Charge-transfer arrays with a truly two-dimensional organization in which an element of information contained in a general cell can be moved in more than one direction to an adjacent cell are proposed. After a review of the basic electrode arrangements for various charge-transfer techniques, some possible layouts for actual devices are described. It is shown that simple orthogonal arrays could readily lead to mass serial/parallel converters. Other arrays in which not all unit cells are identical could perform more complicated processing such as mixing operations or passing maneuvers between two fields of information. The possibilities of building logic arrays and of using two-dimensional arrays in electrooptical systems are also discussed. It is concluded that the introduction of additional degrees of freedom into charge-transfer devices increases their versatility and their potential uses, and that technologies are available for the fabrication of two-dimensional arrays.
A divertor plasma configuration design method for tokamaks (2016)

The efficient and safe operation of large fusion devices strongly relies on the plasma configuration inside the vacuum chamber. It is important to construct the proper plasma equilibrium with a desired plasma configuration. In order to construct the target configuration, a shape constraint module has been developed in the tokamak simulation code (TSC), which controls the poloidal flux and the magnetic field at several defined control points. It is used to construct the double null, lower single null, and quasi-snowflake configurations for the required target shape and calculate the required PF coils current. The flexibility and practicability of this method have been verified by the simulated results.
Effect of positive nasal pressure on upper airway pressure-flow relationships (1989)

To determine the influence of changes in nasal pressure (Pn) on airflow mechanics in the upper airway, we examined the effect of elevations in Pn on upper airway resistance and critical pressure (Pcrit) during stage I/II sleep in six patients with obstructive sleep apnea. When Pn was elevated above a Pcrit, periodic occlusions of the upper airway were eliminated and inspiratory airflow limitation was demonstrated by the finding that inspiratory airflow (VI) became maximal (VImax) and independent of fluctuations in hypopharyngeal pressure (Php) when Php fell below a specific Php (Php'). As Pn was elevated, VI vs. Php demonstrated 1) marked decreases in early and late inspiratory resistances from 75.9 +/- 34.7 and 54.6 +/- 19.0 to 8.0 +/- 1.7 and 7.6 +/- 1.6 cmH2O.l-1.s (P less than 0.05), respectively, and 2) increases in early and late inspiratory Php' to levels that exceeded Pcrit by 3.0 +/- 0.6 and 3.1 +/- 0.7 cmH2O, respectively, at the highest level of Pn applied (P less than 0.01). This latter finding suggests that elevations in Pn result in increases in Pcrit. We suggest that elevations in Pn produce distinct alterations in upper airway resistance and collapsibility, which may influence oppositely the level of airflow through the upper airway during sleep.
Space-vector frame spectral control of the switching distortion of an automotive drive inverter (2017)

State-of-the-art modulation techniques, such as space-vector modulation for the generation of three-phase alternating current, result in strong peaks in the output spectrum at the switching frequency and its harmonics. We present a space-vector implementation of a novel control scheme and modulator for commercial electric vehicle inverters, that freely shapes the spectrum of the switching distortion according to a pre-defined ideal spectrum. Furthermore, the predictive control framework allows the presented controller to actively reduce the switching rate of the converter, reducing switching loss. The control is implemented in the αβ-space-vector frame, allowing the switching states of an inverter to be directly determined and modulated based on the optimal line-to-line voltage spectrum, decreasing the maximum dV/dt seen by the motor. Simulations and measurements are performed on a gallium nitride inverter prototype, showing the ability to increase the spurious free dynamic range by up to 15 dB compared to space-vector modulation, at a similar same switching rate.
A ternary initiating system for free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (2006)

The effect of a benzoyl peroxide-ferrocene-3,6-bis(o-carboxybenzoyl)-N-isopropylcarbazole three-component initiating system on the free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been investigated. For this process, concentration and temperature dependences of the initial rate of reaction and the average degree of polymerization have been measured. It has been established that, when the process is carried out in the presence of both ferrocene and a carbazole derivative, the former compound predominantly affects the kinetic parameters and the average degree of polymerization. The effect of the nitrogen-containing compound comes into play as the temperature of polymerization is lowered. Poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared in the presence of the ternary system is distinguished by an increased content of syndiotactic units and by the presence of isotactic structures, thus suggesting the complex-radical mechanism of polymerization.
Essential Issues in Analytical Placement Algorithms (2009)

The placement problem is to place objects into a fixed die such that no objects overlap with each other and some cost metric (e.g., wirelength) is optimized. Placement is a major step in physical design that has been studied for several decades. Although it is a classical problem, many modern design challenges have reshaped this problem. As a result, the placement problem has attracted much attention recently, and many new algorithms have been developed to handle the emerging design challenges. Modern placement algorithms can be classified into three major categories: simulated annealing, min-cut, and analytical algorithms. According to the recent literature, analytical algorithms typically achieve the best placement quality for large-scale circuit designs. In this paper, therefore, we shall give a systematic and comprehensive survey on the essential issues in analytical placement. This survey starts by dissecting the basic structure of analytical placement. Then, various techniques applied as components of popular analytical placers are studied, and two leading placers are exemplified to show the composition of these techniques into a complete placer. Finally, we point out some research directions for future analytical placement.
Intrusion detection and Big Heterogeneous Data: a Survey (2015)

Intrusion Detection has been heavily studied in both industry and academia, but cybersecurity analysts still desire much more alert accuracy and overall threat analysis in order to secure their systems within cyberspace. Improvements to Intrusion Detection could be achieved by embracing a more comprehensive approach in monitoring security events from many different heterogeneous sources. Correlating security events from heterogeneous sources can grant a more holistic view and greater situational awareness of cyber threats. One problem with this approach is that currently, even a single event source (e.g., network traffic) can experience Big Data challenges when considered alone. Attempts to use more heterogeneous data sources pose an even greater Big Data challenge. Big Data technologies for Intrusion Detection can help solve these Big Heterogeneous Data challenges. In this paper, we review the scope of works considering the problem of heterogeneous data and in particular Big Heterogeneous Data. We discuss the specific issues of Data Fusion, Heterogeneous Intrusion Detection Architectures, and Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, as well as presenting areas where more research opportunities exist. Overall, both cyber threat analysis and cyber intelligence could be enhanced by correlating security events across many diverse heterogeneous sources.
Optical-bounce removal and turnoff-time reduction in twisted-nematic displays (1981)

It conventional twisted-nematic displays, the effect of flow alignment during relaxation of the director field to the twisted state hinders the relaxation process. We present here, for the first time, a twisted-nematic display cell designed so that these flow-alignment effects assist the relaxation of the director field to the twisted state. These cells can demonstrate turnoff times on the order of 5 ms in 6-µm cells and do not possess the optical-bounce phenomenon found in conventional twisted-nematic displays.
Contribution of two conserved glycine residues to fibrillogenesis of the 106–126 prion protein fragment. Evidence that a soluble variant of the 106–126 peptide is neurotoxic (2003)

The fibrillogenic peptide corresponding to the residues 106-126 of the prion protein sequence (PrP 106-126) is largely used to explore the neurotoxic mechanisms underlying the prion disease. However, whether the neuronal toxicity of PrP 106-126 is caused by a soluble or fibrillar form of this peptide is still unknown. The aim of this study was to correlate the structural state of this peptide with its neurotoxicity. Here we show that the two conserved Gly114 and Gly119 residues, in force of their intrinsic flexibility, prevent the peptide assuming a structured conformation, favouring its aggregation in amyloid fibrils. The substitution of both Gly114 and Gly119 with alanine residues (PrP 106-126 AA mutated peptide) reduces the flexibility of this prion fragment and results in a soluble, beta-structured peptide. Moreover, PrP 106-126 AA fragment was highly toxic when incubated with neuroblastoma cells, likely behaving as a neurotoxic protofibrillar intermediate of the wild-type PrP 106-126. These data further confirm that the fibrillar aggregation is not necessary for the induction of the toxic effects of PrP 106-126.
Studies on the deep sea Protobranchia: the subfamily Ledellinae (Nuculanidae) (1989)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.