gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic noninterference through weak probabilistic bisimulation (2004)

To be practical, systems for ensuring secure information flow must be as permissive as possible. To this end, the author recently proposed a type system for multi-threaded programs running under a uniform probabilistic scheduler; it allows the running times of threads to depend on the values of H variables, provided that these timing variations cannot affect the values of L variables. But these timing variations preclude a proof of the soundness of the type system using the framework of probabilistic bisimulation, because probabilistic bisimulation is too strict regarding time. To address this difficulty, this paper proposes a notion of weak probabilistic bisimulation for Markov chains, allowing two Markov chains to be regarded as equivalent even when one "runs" more slowly that the other. The paper applies weak probabilistic bisimulation to prove that the type system guarantees the probabilistic noninterference property. Finally, the paper shows that the language can safely be extended with a fork command that allows new threads to be spawned.
A Free Database of Head-Related Impulse Response Measurements in the Horizontal Plane with Multiple Distances (2016)

Head related impulse response measurements with the KEMAR dummy head performed in an anechoic chamber with a resolution of 1°. The impulse responses are provided for different distances and are accompanied by headphone compensation filters. For details have a look at README.md. The same measurement can be downloaded as MAT files at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4459911 This dataset is further described in (see the PDF file) H. Wierstorf, M. Geier, A. Raake, S. Spors - A Free Database of Head-Related<br> Impulse Response Measurements in the Horizontal Plane with Multiple Distances.<br> In 130th AES Conv. 2011, eBrief 6.
Evaluation of a robotic arm for echocardiography to X-ray image registration during cardiac catheterization procedures (2009)

We present an initial evaluation of a robotic arm for positioning a 3D echo probe during cardiac catheterization procedures. By tracking the robotic arm, X-ray table and X-ray C-arm, we are able to register the 3D echo images with live 2D X-ray images. In addition, we can also use tracking data from the robotic arm combined with system calibrations to create extended field of view 3D echo images. Both these features can be used for roadmapping to guide cardiac catheterization procedures. We have carried out a validation experiment of our registration method using a cross-wire phantom. Results show our method to be accurate to 3.5 mm. We have successfully demonstrated the creation of the extended field of view data on 2 healthy volunteers and the registration of echo and X-ray data on 1 patient undergoing a pacing study.
Intelligent classroom information agent multimedia lab and visual guides for Datastructures II (2002)

Our research focuses on the redesign of an undergraduate computer science course, Datastructures II. We are experimenting with the concept of intelligent classroom information agents (ICIA's) as a means to facilitate information and learning. It forces us to assign new roles to teachers, students and the Center for Technology in Education (CTE) staff as defined by the ICIA standard. What this implies is a drastic change in the negotiation process followed by the undergraduate agents and their peers. We emphasize a strict division between human agents and software agents, since only the former can perform real life (e.g. emotional cultural political) negotiations. The latter will remain as tools to motivate the exchange of ideas and data. Therefore, the first step in the educational process included the development of an automated lecture aid which makes extensive use of hypertext and a library style catalog of datastructure concept simulations, which we call Workplace. We are currently guiding and evaluating a cultural transformation process in which the students must re learn how to take in class notes and study with the aid of the software tools here described. We make extensive use of the Visual Basic and Visual C++ development systems, as well as of the Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) framework.
Cerivastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, inhibits the signaling pathways involved in the invasiveness and metastatic properties of highly invasive breast cancer cell lines: an in vitro study (2001)

Cerivastatin is used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia to inhibit 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and thus prevent the synthesis of cholesterol precursors, such as farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), responsible, respectively, for translocation of Ras and Rho to the cell membrane, a step required for their cell signaling, leading to cell proliferation and migration. Recently, it has been suggested that non lipid-related effects of statins could play a beneficial role in cancer therapy. In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms by which statins inhibit cancer and the types of cancers which could benefit from this therapy. In MDA-MB-231 cells, an aggressive breast cancer cell line with spontaneous activation of Ras and NFkappaB and overexpression of RhoA, cerivastatin induced inhibition of both cell proliferation and invasion through Matrigel. This anti-proliferative effect was related to G(1)/S arrest due to an increase in p21(Waf1/Cip1). The anti-invasive effect was observed from 18 h and could be explained by RhoA delocalization from the cell membrane, resulting in disorganization of the actin fibers and disappearance of focal adhesion sites. The importance of RhoA inactivation in both these inhibitory effects was proved by their reversion by GGPP but not by FPP. Moreover, cerivastatin was also shown to induce inactivation of NFkappaB, in a RhoA inhibition-dependent manner, resulting in a decrease in urokinase and metalloproteinase-9 expression, two proteases involved in cell migration. The participation of Ras inactivation is considered a subsidiary mechanism for the effects of cerivastatin, as they were not rescued by FPP. Prolonged treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with high doses of cerivastatin induced a loss of cell attachment. Interestingly, the effect of cerivastatin was considerably lower on poorly invasive MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that cerivastatin inhibits cell signaling pathways involved in the invasiveness and metastatic properties of highly invasive cancers.
Caffeine as an Analgesic Adjuvant (1984)

Thirty clinical studies involving more than 10,000 patients conducted during the last 20 years have been analyzed to assess the value of caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant. Although most studies included patients with postpartum uterine cramping or episiotomy pain, some involved patients with pain from oral surgery or headache. In 21 of 26 studies, the relative potency estimates of an analgesic with caffeine to an analgesic without caffeine is greater than one. The pooled relative potency estimates in each of several major categories of combination analgesics are significantly greater than one. The overall pooled relative potency estimate is 1.41, with 95% confidence limits of 1.23 to 1.63; that is, to obtain the same amount of response from an analgesic without caffeine requires a dose that is approximately 40% greater than one with caffeine.
Transport of L-4-azaleucine in Escherichia coli (1975)

The uptake of L-4-azaleucine was examined in Escherichia coli K-12 strains to determine the systems that serve for its accumulation. L-4=Azaleucine in radio-labeled form was synthesized and resolved by the action of hog kidney N-acylamino-acid amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.B) on the racemic alpha-N-acetyl derivative of DL-[dimethyl-14C]4-azaleucine. L-4-Azaleucine is taken up in E. coli by energy-dependent processes that are sensitive to changes in the pH and to inhibition by leucine and the aromatic amino acids. Although a single set of kinetic parameters was obtained by kinetic experiments, other evidence indicates that transport systems for both the aromatic and the branched-chain amino acids serve for azaleucine. Azaleucine uptake in strain EO317, with a mutation leading to derepression and constitutive expression of branched-chain amino acid (LIV) transport and binding proteins, was not repressed by growth with leucine as it was in parental strain EO300. Lesions in the aromatic amino acid transport system, aroP, also led to changes in the regulation of azaleucine uptake activity when cells were grown on phenylalanine. Experiments on the specificity of azaleucine uptake and exchange experiments with leucine and phenylalanine support the hypothesis that both LIV and aroP systems transport azaleucine. The ability of external azaleucine to exchange rapidly with intracellular leucine may be an important contributor to azaleucine toxicity. We conclude from these and other studies that at least four other process may affect azaleucine sensitivity: the level of branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic enzymes; the level of leucine, isoleucine, and valine transport systems; the level of the aromatic amino acid, aroP, uptake system; and, possibly, the ability of the cell to racemize D and L amino acids. The relative importance of these processes in azaleucine sensitivity under various conditions is not known precisely.
Can effective housing management policies address anti-social behaviour? (2004)

Many tenants expect housing managers to play a significant role in addressing anti-social behaviours on public housing estates, but policies that include a mix of preventative strategies and sanctions are most effective when there is cross-agency support.
Conversion of used frying oil to diesel fuel by transesterification: Preliminary tests (1983)

Abstract Used frying oil was transesterified by reaction with excess alcohol under both acidic and basic conditions. The alcohols used were: methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐propanol, 1‐butanol and 2‐ethoxyethanol. Yields of the fuels determined by gas chromatography and their viscosities are reported. The best result was obtained using methanol with catalysis by potassium hydroxide. The methyl ethyl and 1‐butyl esters all ran very well in short‐term engine tests with a laboratory high‐speed diesel engine.
Cytostatic activity of an estradiol-linked nitrosourea in MXT mammary carcinoma and L 5222 leukemia. (1989)

Investigation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosocarbamoyl-L-alanine-estradiol-17-ester (CNC-ala-17-E2) and of the unlinked single agents 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosocarbamoyl-L-alanine (CNC-ala) and estradiol in the MXT mammary carcinoma in vivo uncovered a significant antitumor activity only for CNC-ala-17-E2 at a non-toxic dose level (growth inhibition greater than 70%). In vitro investigations using the clonogenic assay had a comparable result: Here, too, CNC-ala-17-E2 was superior to the unlinked single agents. No difference in therapeutic activity between CNC-ala-17-E2 and CNC-ala could be observed in a transplanted rat leukemia (L 5222).
EXE (2008)

This article presents EXE, an effective bug-finding tool that automatically generates inputs that crash real code. Instead of running code on manually or randomly constructed input, EXE runs it on symbolic input initially allowed to be anything. As checked code runs, EXE tracks the constraints on each symbolic (i.e., input-derived) memory location. If a statement uses a symbolic value, EXE does not run it, but instead adds it as an input-constraint; all other statements run as usual. If code conditionally checks a symbolic expression, EXE forks execution, constraining the expression to be true on the true branch and false on the other. Because EXE reasons about all possible values on a path, it has much more power than a traditional runtime tool: (1) it can force execution down any feasible program path and (2) at dangerous operations (e.g., a pointer dereference), it detects if the current path constraints allow any value that causes a bug. When a path terminates or hits a bug, EXE automatically generates a test case by solving the current path constraints to find concrete values using its own co-designed constraint solver, STP. Because EXE’s constraints have no approximations, feeding this concrete input to an uninstrumented version of the checked code will cause it to follow the same path and hit the same bug (assuming deterministic code). EXE works well on real code, finding bugs along with inputs that trigger them in: the BSD and Linux packet filter implementations, the dhcpd DHCP server, the pcre regular expression library, and three Linux file systems.
Multiple regulatory effects by transforming growth factor-beta on type I collagen levels in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat bone (1992)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) stimulates bone formation in vivo and in vitro, related in part to an increase in type I collagen production. In osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat bone, 24- to 48-h TGF beta 1 treatment enhanced collagen synthesis rates by 2.5- to 6-fold, while it increased collagen accumulation by 5- to 10-fold. These effects were not accounted for by similar changes in acid-soluble radioisotope, cell number, or steady state type I procollagen transcripts. Basal collagen synthesis and accumulation were markedly reduced when mRNA transcription was blocked with alpha-amanitin, but the relative stimulatory effects of TGF beta 1 persisted in toxin-treated cultures. Newly synthesized collagen was rapidly secreted into the culture medium. While pulse-chase studies demonstrated that total (medium plus cell-associated) collagen levels were stable throughout the 48-h period, TGF beta 1 increased the fraction of cell-associated collagen between 24-48 h, and this was partially blocked by alpha-amanitin, but not by antibody to fibronectin or beta 1-integrin subunit. TGF beta 1, therefore, has multiple effects on type I collagen in fetal bone-derived cell cultures, including small increases in mRNA, large increases in polypeptide synthesis, and enhanced association of secreted collagen to the cell layer, which may require synthesis of extracellular components unrelated to fibronectin or the beta 1-integrin subunit.
Effect of aging on gender differences in neural control of heart rate (1999)

To clarify the influence of gender on sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate in middle-aged subjects and on the subsequent aging process, heart rate variability (HRV) was studied in normal populations of women (n = 598) and men (n = 472) ranging in age from 40 to 79 yr. These groups were divided into eight age strata at 5-yr intervals and were clinically diagnosed as having no hypertension, hypotension, diabetic neuropathy, or cardiac arrhythmia. Frequency-domain analysis of short-term, stationary R-R intervals was performed, which reveals very-low-frequency power (VLF; 0.003-0.04 Hz), low-frequency power (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz), high-frequency power (HF; 0.15-0.40 Hz), the ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF), and LF and HF power in normalized units (LF% and HF%, respectively). The distribution of variance, VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF exhibited acute skewness, which was adjusted by natural logarithmic transformation. Women had higher HF in the age strata from 40 to 49 yr, whereas men had higher LF% and LF/HF between 40 and 59 yr. No disparity in HRV measurements was found between the sexes in age strata >/=60 yr. Although absolute measurements of HRV (variance, VLF, LF, and HF) decreased linearly with age, no significant change in relative measurements (LF/HF, LF%, and HF%), especially in men, was detected until age 60 yr. We conclude that middle-aged women and men have a more dominant parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation of heart rate, respectively. The gender-related difference in parasympathetic regulation diminishes after age 50 yr, whereas a significant time delay for the disappearance of sympathetic dominance occurs in men.
The Characterization of Polyaspartic Acid and Some Related Compounds<sup>1,2</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Characterization of Polyaspartic Acid and Some Related Compounds1,2Allen Vegotsky, Kaoru Harada, and Sidney W. FoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 13, 3361–3366Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01546a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01546a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Steady as she blows [wind power, energy storage] (2003)

Power electronics and exotic energy storage devices are making wind power steady enough to compete with conventional electricity sources. Systems based on advanced power electronics and energy storage devices are massaging and managing power flows from wind turbines, enabling them to contribute to electricity grids without putting those grids at risk. Not only are the technologies making wind power more palatable to grid operators, they are even making it possible for engineers to finally harness wind energy's tremendous potential in wind-swept, remote locales. This article discusses the power electronic and energy storage technologies used in wind power.
Deep-level diagnostic value of the rDNA-ITS region (1996)

The similarity of certain reported angiosperm rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences to those of green algae prompted our analysis of the deep-level phylogenetic signal in the highly conserved but short 5.8S and hypervariable ITS2 sequences. We found that 5.8S sequences yield phylogenetic trees similar to but less well supported than those generated by a ca. 10-fold longer alignment from rDNA-18S sequences, as well as independent evidence. We attribute this result to our finding that, compared to 18S, the 5.8S has a higher proportion of sites subject to vary and greater among-site substitution rate homogeneity. We also determined that our phylogenetic results are not likely affected by intramolecular compensatory mutation to maintain RNA secondary structure nor by evident systematic biases in base composition. Despite historical homology, there appears to be no ITS2 primary sequence similarity shared sufficient similarity to cluster correctly on the basis of alignability. Our results indicate that groups, however, share sufficient similarity to cluster correctly on the basis of alignability. Our results indicate that ITS region sequences can diagnose organismal origins and phylogenetic relationships at many phylogenetic levels and provide a useful paradigm for molecular evolutionary study.
Ion chemistry in H2-Ar low temperature plasmas (2013)

A rate equation model is devised to study the ion composition of inductively coupled H2-Ar plasmas with different H2-Ar mixing ratios. The model is applied to calculate the ion densities ni, the wall loss probability of atomic hydrogen βH, and the electron temperature Te. The calculated ni's of Ar+, H+, H2+, H3+, and ArH+ are compared with experimental results. Calculations were made for a total gas pressure of 1.0 Pa. The production and loss channels of all ions are presented and discussed in detail. With the production and loss rates, the density dependence of each ion on the plasma parameters is explained. It is shown that the primary ions H2+ and Ar+ which are produced by ionization of the background gas by electron collisions are effectively converted into H3+ and ArH+. The high density of ArH+ and Ar+ is attributed to the low loss to the walls compared to hydrogen ions. It is shown that the H+/H2+ density ratio is strongly correlated to the H/H2 density ratio. The dissociation degree is around 1.7%. From matching the calculated to the measured atomic hydrogen density nH, the wall loss probability of atomic hydrogen on stainless steel βH was determined to be βH=0.24. The model results were compared with recently published experimental results. The calculated and experimentally obtained data are in fair agreement.
A Sensor Array Using Multi-functional Field-effect Transistors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Precision for Bio-monitoring (2015)

Mechanically adaptive electronic skins (e-skins) emulate tactition and thermoception by cutaneous mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors in human skin, respectively. When exposed to multiple stimuli including mechanical and thermal stimuli, discerning and quantifying precise sensing signals from sensors embedded in e-skins are critical. In addition, different detection modes for mechanical stimuli, rapidly adapting (RA) and slowly adapting (SA) mechanoreceptors in human skin are simultaneously required. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of a highly sensitive, pressure-responsive organic field-effect transistor (OFET) array enabling both RA- and SA- mode detection by adopting easily deformable, mechano-electrically coupled, microstructured ferroelectric gate dielectrics and an organic semiconductor channel. We also demonstrate that the OFET array can separate out thermal stimuli for thermoreception during quantification of SA-type static pressure, by decoupling the input signals of pressure and temperature. Specifically, we adopt piezoelectric-pyroelectric coupling of highly crystalline, microstructured poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) gate dielectric in OFETs with stimuli to allow monitoring of RA- and SA-mode responses to dynamic and static forcing conditions, respectively. This approach enables us to apply the sensor array to e-skins for bio-monitoring of humans and robotics.
Improving videophone subjective quality using audio information (1999)

This article presents a new technique which uses audio information to achieve more efficient video coding for videophone and videoconferencing applications. The direction of arrival of the audio signal at an array of microphones is used to estimate the position of the speaker's lips such that the quality of the video reconstruction can be enhanced in this crucial area. Once this estimation is performed, then a two- or three-stage quantization strategy is applied to the video information which results in the compression of the subjectively more important parts, i.e., the lips and the face of a speaker, with lower distortion. Algorithms for audio source location using the speech signals received at an array of microphones form an important part of our approach. The proposed new technique is compatible with all existing video compression standards and is much easier to implement than previously proposed techniques. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 10: 86–95, 1999