gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Actions of Sulodexide (1998)

This report summarizes the results of some of the studies that have evaluated the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic properties of Sulodexide, which consists of a mixture of electrophoretically fast moving heparin (80% of the mass) and dermatan sulfate (the balance), with an average product (Mr) <8000. The low molecular weight (Mr) of the constituents of Sulodexide would predict that the product has the high bioavailability associated with low-Mr heparin and low-Mr dermatan sulfate. Given orally, subcutaneously, or by intravenous injection, Sulodexide exhibits antithrombotic and profibrinolytic properties in several animal models of venous and arterial thrombosis and has relatively high affinity for endothelial (and possibly other) cells. Additionally, in a large multicenter clinical trial involving 3986 patients who had recovered from acute myocardial infarction, oral Sulodexide was associated with a 32% reduction in death and a significant reduction of left ventricular thrombus formation. Compared with heparin, low-Mr heparin, and unfractionated and low-Mr dermatan sulfates, the doses of Sulodexide required for antithrombotic efficacy suggest that the combination of heparin and dermatan sulfate in Sulodexide provides a more effective antithrombotic mechanism than heparin/low-Mr heparins (which catalyze the antiprotease actions of antithrombin III) or dermatan sulfate/low-Mr dermatan sulfate (which catalyze thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II).
Switched capacitor multilevel inverter with different modulation techniques (2017)

A multilevel inverter is a power electronic device that is used for high voltage and high power application because of its characteristics of generating a sinusoidal voltage based on several DC voltage levels. They give good quality output resulting with lower harmonic distortion in the output. This topology is designed based on switched-capacitor voltage pump technique and the number of output levels is defined by the number of switched-capacitor cells cascaded. Only one dc voltage source is needed and the problem of voltage balancing across the capacitor is avoided as well. A small input voltage can be used to generate a boosted output voltage, by switching the capacitors in parallel and in series. Number of switching devices and other components used in the circuit are reduced, compared to the conventional cascaded multilevel inverters of same configuration. This work also presents the comparative study of various Multicarrier Pulse Width Modulation techniques with Sinusoidal reference modulating signal. Performance factors such as % THD and voltage stress across the switches are measured for different modulation techniques and the results are studied. SPWM method with the different carrier based PWM such as sinusoidal PDPWM, sinusoidal PODPWM, APODPWM, VFPWM, COPWM and Sampling PWM (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical) has been analyzed. The simulations for switched capacitor seven level inverter using different modulation techniques are done with MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Peptide synthesis by means of tert-butyloxycarbonylamino acid derivatives of poly(ethylene-co-N-hydroxymaleimide) (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide synthesis by means of tert-butyloxycarbonylamino acid derivatives of poly(ethylene-co-N-hydroxymaleimide)Mati Fridkin, Abraham Patchornik, and Ephraim KatchalskiCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 3, 466–471Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00753a027https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00753a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
False-Negative Rate of Gram-Stain Microscopy for Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis: Suggestions for Improvement (2014)

We quantify the false-negative diagnostic rate of septic arthritis using Gram-stain microscopy of synovial fluid and compare this to values reported in the peer-reviewed literature. We propose a method of improving the diagnostic value of Gram-stain microscopy using Lithium Heparin containers that prevent synovial fluid coagulation. Retrospective study of the Manchester Royal Infirmary microbiology database of patients undergoing synovial fluid Gram-stain and culture between December 2003 and March 2012 was undertaken. The initial cohort of 1896 synovial fluid analyses for suspected septic arthritis was reduced to 143 after exclusion criteria were applied. Analysis of our Gram-stain microscopy yielded 111 false-negative results from a cohort size of 143 positive synovial fluid cultures, giving a false-negative rate of 78%. We report a false-negative rate of Gram-stain microscopy for septic arthritis of 78%. Clinicians should therefore avoid the investigation until a statistically significant data set confirms its efficacy. The investigation's value could be improved by using Lithium Heparin containers to collect homogenous synovial fluid samples. Ongoing research aims to establish how much this could reduce the false-negative rate.
The inhibitory quotient. A method for interpreting minimum inhibitory concentration data (1981)

A method for reporting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data that facilitates interpretation by the clinician unfamiliar with clinically achievable drug levels is described. This system uses the inhibitory quotient, which is a number reflecting the multiple of the MIC that would be achieved. Inhibitory quotients are determined for blood, urine, bile, and CSF and reflect achievable drug levels in those body fluids. The use of inhibitory quotients can be extremely helpful to the physician in the rational selection of an appropriate antimicrobial agent.
Cadaveric organ donation in Israel: the facts and the perspectives. (1999)

The rate of potential and effective organ donors is low in Israel, in comparison with other developed countries. These results are explained by problems encountered at every step of transplant procurement. We believe that a model, involving experts in brain death determination, maintenance of the donor, family approach and organ procurement could reach results close to other developed countries.
K201 modulates excitation–contraction coupling and spontaneous Ca2+ release in normal adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes (2007)

K201 modifies E-C coupling in normal cardiomyocytes. A dual inhibitory action on SERCA and RyR2 explains the ability of K201 to suppress spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) release during Ca(2+) overload without significantly affecting Ca(2+) transient amplitude.
Inadequate Disease Control, Treatment Dissatisfaction, and Quality-of-Life Impairments Among US Patients Receiving Topical Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis (2021)

Patients receiving topical AD therapies experienced uncontrolled disease and reported decreased overall functioning and lower QoL. An unmet need for topical AD treatments that improve disease control and patient outcomes exists.
Breeding two Species of Brotogeris Parakeets at Loro Parque (1987)

The small neorropical parakeets of the genus Brotogeris are not well represented in collections. At Loro Parque six of the seven species are kept. The two pairs of tirica are off exhibit at the time of w r it ing (one pair is to be placed on exhibit) and the orangechinned parakeet (B. jugularis) is not present in the collection.
Diarrhea-associated HIV-1 APIs potentiate muscarinic activation of Cl<sup>-</sup> secretion by T84 cells via prolongation of cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling (2004)

Aspartyl protease inhibitors (APIs) effectively extend the length and quality of life in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but dose-limiting side effects such as lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, and diarrhea have limited their clinical utility. Here, we show that the API nelfinavir induces a secretory form of diarrhea in HIV-infected patients. In vitro studies demonstrate that nelfinavir potentiates muscarinic stimulation of Cl(-) secretion by T84 human intestinal cell monolayers through amplification and prolongation of an apical membrane Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) conductance. This stimulated ion secretion is associated with increased magnitude and duration of muscarinically induced intracellular Ca(2+) transients via activation of a long-lived, store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathway. The enhanced intracellular Ca(2+) signal is associated with uncoupling of the Cl(-) conductance from downregulatory intracellular mediators generated normally by muscarinic activation. These data show that APIs modulate Ca(2+) signaling in secretory epithelial cells and identify a novel target for treatment of clinically important API side effects.
Expression of the Bovine Leukemia Virus and Its Internal Antigen in Blood Lymphocytes (1977)

The present study shows that the detection of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in naturally infected cattle or experimentally infected sheep requires the in vitro cultivation of the peripheral blood lymphocytes. This indicates that the infected animals possess a “factor” that inhibits replication of the BLV or expression if its genome. Addition of phytohemagglutinin to the lymphocyte cultures increases the expression of the virus in most, but not all, cases.
Active Microwave Soil Moisture Research (1986)

This paper summarizes the progress achieved in the active microwave remote sensing of soil moisture during the four years of the AgRISTARS program. Within that time period, from about 1980 to 1984, significant progress was made toward understanding 1) the fundamental dielectric properties of moist soils, 2) the influence of surface boundary conditions, and 3) the effects of intervening vegetation canopies. In addition, several simulation and image-analysis studies have identified potentially powerful approaches to implementing empirical results over large areas on a repetitive basis. This paper briefly describes the results of laboratory, truck-based, airborne, and orbital experimentation and observations.
Kinetics of cell spreading in the presence of different concentrations of serum or fibronectin-depleted serum (1984)

A morphometric assay has been used to show that speed of cell spreading is sensitive to the level of serum in the surrounding growth medium. There was an inverse relationship between serum concentration and speed of spreading; as serum concentration was increased from 0.1% to 100% cells took progressively longer to become fully spread. The time taken to achieve complete spreading in serum concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100% serum was 45, 60, 105 and 240 min, respectively. At serum concentrations of 3% and above, fibronectin depletion had no effect on rates of spreading. Only at concentrations below 3% was there an effect of fibronectin depletion and although cells became fully spread in the depleted serum they took longer to do so in comparison to native serum. It is suggested that plasma fibronectin plays no role in serum-stimulated spreading at serum concentrations of 3% and above since at these concentrations rates of spreading are identical whether fibronectin is present or not. At concentrations of 3% and above spreading is mediated by the 70K spreading factor. At serum concentrations below 3% both fibronectin and 70K factor are effective. The reason for the lack of effect of fibronectin at higher serum concentrations is an inhibition by albumin and other plasma proteins. In contrast, 70K factor is not affected by exogenous protein concentration. The effect of exogenous protein concentration on cell adhesion is discussed in terms of cell migration between compartments that have different extracellular protein concentrations.
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in rabbit joints (2000)

Gene transfer of IGF-1 into rabbit knee joints promotes proteoglycan synthesis without significantly affecting inflammation or cartilage breakdown. In addition, no adverse effects following intraarticular IGF-1 gene delivery were observed. Thus, local gene transfer of IGF-1 to joints could serve as a therapeutic strategy to stimulate new matrix synthesis in both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Reconciling the Discrepancies between Crystallographic Porosity and Guest Access As Exemplified by Zn-HKUST-1 (2011)

There are several compounds for which there exists a disconnect between porosity as predicted by crystallography and porosity measured by gas sorption analysis. In this paper, the Zn-based analogue of Cu(3)(btc)(2) (HKUST-1), Zn(3)(btc)(2) (Zn-HKUST-1; btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) is investigated. Conventional analysis of Zn-HKUST-1 by powder X-ray diffraction and gas sorption indicates retention of crystalline structure but negligible nitrogen uptake at 77 K. By using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, a densified surface layer preventing the entry of even small molecular species into the crystal framework is revealed. The material is shown to have inherent surface instability after solvent removal, rendering it impermeable to molecular guests irrespective of handling and processing methods. This previously unobserved surface instability may provide insight into the failure of other microporous coordination polymers to exhibit significant porosity despite crystal structures indicative of regular, interconnected, microporous networks.
Exponential smoothing: The state of the art (1985)

Abstract This paper is a critical review of exponential smoothing since the original work by Brown and Holt in the 1950s. Exponential smoothing is based on a pragmatic approach to forecasting which is shared in this review. The aim is to develop state‐of‐the‐art guidelines for application of the exponential smoothing methodology. The first part of the paper discusses the class of relatively simple models which rely on the Holt‐Winters procedure for seasonal adjustment of the data. Next, we review general exponential smoothing (GES), which uses Fourier functions of time to model seasonality. The research is reviewed according to the following questions. What are the useful properties of these models? What parameters should be used? How should the models be initialized? After the review of model‐building, we turn to problems in the maintenance of forecasting systems based on exponential smoothing. Topics in the maintenance area include the use of quality control models to detect bias in the forecast errors, adaptive parameters to improve the response to structural changes in the time series, and two‐stage forecasting, whereby we use a model of the errors or some other model of the data to improve our initial forecasts. Some of the major conclusions: the parameter ranges and starting values typically used in practice are arbitrary and may detract from accuracy. The empirical evidence favours Holt's model for trends over that of Brown. A linear trend should be damped at long horizons. The empirical evidence favours the Holt‐Winters approach to seasonal data over GES. It is difficult to justify GES in standard form–the equivalent ARIMA model is simpler and more efficient. The cumulative sum of the errors appears to be the most practical forecast monitoring device. There is no evidence that adaptive parameters improve forecast accuracy. In fact, the reverse may be true.
Electronic structure of starburst molecules and their interfaces with ITO studied by UV photoemission (1999)

The starburst molecules derived from triphenylamine have attracted much attention in relation to the application to organic electroluminescent devices since they have good thermal stability and hole-transporting nature due to their amorphous character. We performed UV photoemission spectroscopic (UPS) study of electronic structures of starburst molecules and their interfaces with indium tin oxide (ITO). The sample molecules studied were 1,3,5-tris(2- methylphenylphenylamino)benzene (o-MTDA), 4,4',4'-tris(3- methylpheyl phenylamino) triphey-lamine (m-MTDATA), 1,3,5- tris[4-(3-methylphenylphenyl amino)phenyl[benzene (m- MTDAPB), and 1,3,5-tris [N-(4- dipheylaminophenyl)phenylamino] benzene (p-DPA-TDAB). The observed ionization potentials were 5.4 plus or minus 0.1 eV, 5.0 plus or minus 0.1 eV, 5.45 plus or minus 0.05 eV, and 5.15 plus or minus 0.05 eV, for o-MTDA, m-MTDATA, m-MTDAPB, and p- DPA-TDAB, respectively. The whole valence region of UPS spectra were measured by using synchrotron radiation. The difference in bulk electronic structure among these molecules was discussed in comparison with MOPAC molecular orbital calculation. At ITO interfaces, the vacuum level shift was observed for these materials, indicating that the traditional model with an assumption of a common vacuum level at organic/metal interface is not valid even in the case of ITO electrode. The direction of the shifts was negative, i.e. the vacuum level of the starburst molecules is below that of the ITO electrode. The magnitude of the shift was dependent on the surface cleanliness of ITO substrate.
On monotone paths among obstacles with applications to planning assemblies (1989)

We study the class of problems associated with the detection and computation of monotone paths among a set of disjoint obstacles. We give an Ο(nE) algorithm for finding a monotone path (if one exists) between two points in the plane in the presence of polygonal obstacles. (Here, E is the size of the visibility graph defined by the n vertices of the obstacles.) If all of the obstacles are convex, we prove that there always exists a monotone path between any two points s and t. We give an Ο(n log n) algorithm for finding such a path for any s and t, after an initial Ο(E + n log n) preprocesing. We introduce the notions of “monotone path map”, and “shortest monotone path map” and give algorithms to compute them. We apply our results to a class of separation and assembly problems, yielding polynomial-time algorithms for planning an assembly sequence (based on separations by single translations) of arbitrary polygonal parts in two dimensions.
Effectiveness of Aluminum Hydroxide Timing Administration in Relation to Meals in Controling Hyperphosphatemia in Dialysis Patients (2005)

Phosphate binder compounds contribute to the control of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the most effective schedule of administration of phosphate binders in relation to meals is not well documented. We examined the effectiveness of aluminum hydroxide intake as the sole phosphate binder in relation to meals. Eighty-five patients on regular HD (45 male, 40 female), age 21-72 years, with a duration of 6-216 months HD participated in the study. In all patients, phosphate binders were discontinued for a one month period. Thereafter, and according to the protocol, all patients were advised to take aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3 ] 30 min before, during and 30 min after meals for 3 periods of one month each, in a random order. One month washout period preceded the periods of Al(OH)3 ingestion. When Al(OH)3 was administered 30 min prior to the meals, serum phosphate decreased by 7.0% (0.59 mg/dL), while when administrated with or 30 min after meals, it decreased statistically significantly by 28.5% (2.08 mg/dL), and 16% (1.29 mg/dL) respectively. Our results suggest that the efficacy of Al(OH)3 to bind phosphate salts and thus to prevent the hyperphosphatemia in HD patients is higher when this drug is taken with meals.
p38 inhibitor intensified cell death in antimycin A-treated As4.1 juxtaglomerular cells via the enhancement of GSH depletion. (2009)

Antimycin A (AMA) inhibits succinate oxidase, NADH oxidase and mitochondrial electron transport chain between cytochrome b and c. Here, we investigated the effects of AMA and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors on As4.1 juxtaglomerular cells in relation to cell growth, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Treatment with 50 nM AMA inhibited the growth of As4.1 cells at 48 hours and induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)). AMA increased ROS levels including that of intracellular O(2)(*-). AMA also induced GSH depletion. MEK inhibitor did not affect cell growth, cell death, DeltaPsi(m) loss, ROS level or GSH depletion in AMA-treated As4.1 cells. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor also did not influence cell growth, cell death, ROS level and GSH depletion but did slightly increase DeltaPsi(m) loss. Treatment with p38 inhibitor magnified cell growth inhibition by AMA and increased cell death, DeltaPsi(m) loss and GSH depletion in AMA-treated As4.1 cells. Conclusively, p38 inhibitor intensified cell death in AMA-treated As4.1 cells. The changes of GSH content rather than ROS level by AMA and/or MAPK inhibitors were more closely related to the growth and death of As4.1 cells.
Experimental evidence for predicted transmembrane peptide topography: Incorporation of hydrophobic peptide α‐helical rods with an N‐terminal positive charge having a length comparable to the thickness of lipid bilayers into the membranes (1990)

Liposomes consisting of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and hydrophobic peptides Nps- and Cl-.+H2-(Met-Met-Leu)n-OEt (n = 6-10) with various polypeptide chain lengths were prepared by the sonication method. The conformation of the peptides incorporated into the liposomes was examined by CD spectroscopy. All the peptides incorporated assumed alpha-helical conformation. Quantitative analyses of the peptides and lipids in the membranes showed that the concentration of the peptides with a positive charge at the N-terminus in the liposomes decreased markedly as the peptide chain length increased, reaching zero for the peptides over n = 8. The peptides without a positive charge were hardly incorporated into the liposomes. Infrared attenuated reflection spectroscopy of multilayered membranes containing the peptides suggests that the axis of the alpha-helical peptide rods is oriented in parallel with the molecular axis of lipids in the membranes. These results suggest that the hydrophobic peptides can be incorporated into the lipid bilayers of the liposomes in the alpha-helical conformation, the rods of which have a length comparable to the thickness of the lipid bilayers, and the N-terminal positive charge of the peptides is essential for the stable peptide incorporated into the membranes.