gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partly gain-coupled 1.55 mu m strained-layer multiquantum-well DFB lasers (1993)

1.55- mu m gain-coupled InGaAsP-InP distributed feedback (DFB) lasers which use a strained-layer multi-quantum-well (MQW) active grating for a mixed index and gain coupling have been fabricated and studied. The lasers exhibit distinct longitudinal-mode behaviour due to gain-coupling effects, including a high single-mode yield. Cavity length dependence of the mode behavior has been experimentally studied and simulated using a transfer-matrix method. Both experimental and theoretical results indicate that the shorter cavity lasers with the present structure have higher kappa /sub gain/L/ kappa /sub inde/ ratios and wider Fabry-Perot mode spacing than the longer cavity ones; these features enable the shorter cavity lasers to have a high single-mode yield (90%) and a high side-mode-suppression ratio (55 dB).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Convenient synthesis of fluoride-alkoxides of Nb(v) and Ta(v): a spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational study (2012)

The synthesis and the spectroscopic characterization of fluoride-alkoxides of niobium and tantalum in the highest oxidation state are reported. Suspensions of MF(5) (M = Nb, Ta) in a chlorinated solvent reacted with up to three equivalents of ROSiMe(3) (R = Me, Et, Ph) to afford polynuclear derivatives and variable amounts of FSiMe(3). Thus MF(4)(OR) (R = Et, Ph) and MF(3)(OR)(2) were obtained by selective 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 reactions almost exclusively as single isomeric products; otherwise mixtures of MF(4)(OMe) species were afforded from the equimolar reactions of MF(5) with MeOSiMe(3). The 1 : 3 reaction of TaF(5) with MeOSiMe(3) led to different forms of TaF(2)(OMe)(3). The synthesis of TaF(OPh)(4) was forced by high temperature conditions or the use of a large excess of PhOSiMe(3). DFT studies were carried out in order to predict, in the distinct cases, the most stable structures of the metal products. The molecular structures of [NbF(2)(OPh)(2)(μ-F)](3) and [TaF(OPh)(3)(μ-OPh)](2) were ascertained by X-ray diffraction.
Chronic Nonmalignant Visceral Pain Syndromes of the Abdomen, Pelvis, and Bladder and Chronic Urogenital and Rectal Pain (2003)

This chapter will discuss chronic, nonmalignant pain syndromes of the abdomen, pelvis, and bladder and pain syndromes of the urogenital ﬂoor. Pain syndromes of the abdomen, pelvis, and bladder belong to the category of visceral pain. The ﬁrst symptoms of visceral disease are usually discomfort and pain. These are the symptoms that prompt most patients with visceral disease to seek medical care. In clinical practice much emphasis has been placed on ﬁnding a speciﬁc etiology and speciﬁc pathological markers for visceral disease. Surprisingly, however, little attention has been paid to the clinical management of pain in visceral disease. Several reasons might account for this. Patients have difﬁculty in being able to describe and localize visceral pain, and physicians and other health care providers have difﬁculty in being able to examine and measure (quantify) visceral pain. Furthermore, the differential diagnosis of visceral disease is usually quite complex because the symptoms are often diffuse and nonspeciﬁc. Most efforts of health care personnel are spent on identifying the underlying etiology because this is an area that they have been trained in during their medical education. While many guidelines have been published on diagnosing and treating nonmalignant and malignant visceral disease, no speciﬁc guidelines yet exist on the management of visceral pain, and physicians and other health care providers are left without any concepts on the approach to the patient with visceral disease who presents with pain.
Banking of Biological Fluids for Studies of Disease-associated Protein Biomarkers (2008)

With the increasing demand of providing personalized medicine the need for biobanking of biological material from individual patients has increased. Such samples are essential for molecular research aimed at characterizing diseases at several levels ranging from epidemiology and diagnostic and prognostic classification to prediction of response to therapy. Clinically validated biomarkers may provide information to be used for diagnosis, screening, evaluation of risk/predisposition, assessment of prognosis, monitoring (recurrence of disease), and prediction of response to treatment and as a surrogate response marker. Many types of biological fluids or tissues can be collected and stored in biorepositories. Samples of blood can be further processed into plasma and serum, and tissue pieces can be either frozen or fixed in formalin and then embedded into paraffin. The present review focuses on biological fluids, especially serum and plasma, intended for study of protein biomarkers. In biomarker studies the process from the decision to take a sample from an individual to the moment the sample is safely placed in the biobank consists of several phases including collection of samples, transport of the samples, and handling and storage of samples. Critical points in each step important for high quality biomarker studies are described in this review. Failure to develop and adhere to robust standardized protocols may have significant consequences as the quality of the material stored in the biobank as well as conclusions and clinical recommendations based on analysis of such material may be severely affected.
Integration of Early Physiological Responses Predicts Later Illness Severity in Preterm Infants (2010)

Physiological data are routinely recorded in intensive care, but their use for rapid assessment of illness severity or long-term morbidity prediction has been limited. We developed a physiological assessment score for preterm newborns, akin to an electronic Apgar score, based on standard signals recorded noninvasively on admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. We were able to accurately and reliably estimate the probability of an individual preterm infant's risk of severe morbidity on the basis of noninvasive measurements. This prediction algorithm was developed with electronically captured physiological time series data from the first 3 hours of life in preterm infants (< or =34 weeks gestation, birth weight < or =2000 g). Extraction and integration of the data with state-of-the-art machine learning methods produced a probability score for illness severity, the PhysiScore. PhysiScore was validated on 138 infants with the leave-one-out method to prospectively identify infants at risk of short- and long-term morbidity. PhysiScore provided higher accuracy prediction of overall morbidity (86% sensitive at 96% specificity) than other neonatal scoring systems, including the standard Apgar score. PhysiScore was particularly accurate at identifying infants with high morbidity related to specific complications (infection: 90% at 100%; cardiopulmonary: 96% at 100%). Physiological parameters, particularly short-term variability in respiratory and heart rates, contributed more to morbidity prediction than invasive laboratory studies. Our flexible methodology of individual risk prediction based on automated, rapid, noninvasive measurements can be easily applied to a range of prediction tasks to improve patient care and resource allocation.
Learning human actions via information maximization (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel approach for automatically learning a compact and yet discriminative appearance-based human action model. A video sequence is represented by a bag of spatiotemporal features called video-words by quantizing the extracted 3D interest points (cuboids) from the videos. Our proposed approach is able to automatically discover the optimal number of video-word clusters by utilizing Maximization of Mutual Information(MMI). Unlike the k-means algorithm, which is typically used to cluster spatiotemporal cuboids into video words based on their appearance similarity, MMI clustering further groups the video-words, which are highly correlated to some group of actions. To capture the structural information of the learnt optimal video-word clusters, we explore the correlation of the compact video-word clusters. We use the modified correlgoram, which is not only translation and rotation invariant, but also somewhat scale invariant. We extensively test our proposed approach on two publicly available challenging datasets: the KTH dataset and IXMAS multiview dataset. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to try the bag of video-words related approach on the multiview dataset. We have obtained very impressive results on both datasets.
New uses for endothelial cell culture (1984)

Abstract Endothelial cells in culture have, in the past, been a valuable but capricious tool to test hypotheses on the role of components of the blood vessel wall in such functions as blood pressure homeostasis, hemostasis, permeability, transport of macromolecules and the processing of circulating biologically active substances. Now techniques are becoming available for raising long‐term, large‐scale cultures that can be maintained reproducibly and without loss of phenotypic characteristics. The outlook for establishing endothelial cell factories invites speculation on some far‐reaching possibilities, such as endothelial cell banks that could be used for seeding autogenous cells on vascular prostheses, artificial kidney tubing, heart valves, or corneas, or for virus production, or for synthesis by endothelial cells of products at present beyond the reach of bacterial cells.
Introduction (2013)

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Recognising human interaction from videos by a discriminative model (2014)

This study addresses the problem of recognising human interactions between two people. The main difficulties lie in the partial occlusion of body parts and the motion ambiguity in interactions. The authors observed that the interdependencies existing at both the action level and the body part level can greatly help disambiguate similar individual movements and facilitate human interaction recognition. Accordingly, they proposed a novel discriminative method, which model the action of each person by a large‐scale global feature and local body part features, to capture such interdependencies for recognising interaction of two people. A variant of multi‐class Adaboost method is proposed to automatically discover class‐specific discriminative three‐dimensional body parts. The proposed approach is tested on the authors newly introduced BIT‐interaction dataset and the UT‐interaction dataset. The results show that their proposed model is quite effective in recognising human interactions.
Numerical experiment for 2500 V double gate bipolar-mode MOSFETs (DGIGBT) and analysis for large safe operating area (SOA) (2003)

A double-gate bipolar-mode MOSFET (DGIGBT) is proposed as a high-speed switching device exceeding 2500 V. The DGIGBT inherently has a reverse conducting diode. It is numerically predicted that the device will attain a better tradeoff between turn-off time and forward voltage than an 1800-V single-gate device. It is experimentally confirmed that DGIGBTs have an SOA exceeding the theoretical power dissipation limit for an n-p-n transistor, and it is shown why the SOA can exceed this limit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of FloSeal on Mucosal Healing after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Comparison with Thrombin-Soaked Gelatin Foam (2003)

Absorbable hemostatic agents are associated with a high degree of patient comfort and provide hemostasis comparable with traditional techniques. Different materials may induce differential patterns of mucosal healing, potentially affecting the ultimate result of ESS.
Ultra-narrow metallic armchair graphene nanoribbons (2015)

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs)-narrow stripes of graphene-have emerged as promising building blocks for nanoelectronic devices. Recent advances in bottom-up synthesis have allowed production of atomically well-defined armchair GNRs with different widths and doping. While all experimentally studied GNRs have exhibited wide bandgaps, theory predicts that every third armchair GNR (widths of N=3m+2, where m is an integer) should be nearly metallic with a very small bandgap. Here, we synthesize the narrowest possible GNR belonging to this family (five carbon atoms wide, N=5). We study the evolution of the electronic bandgap and orbital structure of GNR segments as a function of their length using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and density-functional theory calculations. Already GNRs with lengths of 5 nm reach almost metallic behaviour with ∼100 meV bandgap. Finally, we show that defects (kinks) in the GNRs do not strongly modify their electronic structure.
Effect of <scp>pH</scp> control on the anaerobic H‐B‐E fermentation of syngas in bioreactors (2017)

Abstract BACKGROUND Syngas and some waste gases are composed mainly of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which can be used by some acetogenic bacteria to produce ethanol, butanol or hexanol, and represents an attractive alternative to the conventional ABE (acetone–butanol–ethanol) fermentation. Experiments were carried out in bioreactors under different conditions ( pH 5.75 and 4.75) with continuous supply of a mixture of CO / CO 2 / H 2 / N 2 converted by Clostridium carboxidivorans into hexanol, butanol and ethanol (H‐B‐E fermentation). RESULTS Applying different pH control strategies will affect the syngas fermentation pattern, among others in terms of bioconversion rates as well as final concentrations of acids and alcohols. The highest concentrations of alcohols were obtained at pH 5.75, i.e. 2.7 g L −1 ethanol, 1.9 g L −1 butanol and 0.85 g L −1 hexanol, whereas the maximum production rates were observed at pH 4.75, reaching 0.048 g‐ethanol h −1 g −1 ‐biomass, 0.037 g‐butanol h −1 g −1 ‐biomass, and 0.026 g‐hexanol h −1 g −1 ‐biomass. However, a low pH negatively affects growth and acids production in the first metabolic step, with lower growth and acids production at pH 4.75 than 5.75. Growth rates reached 0.0057 h −1 and 0.072 h −1 , respectively, at pH 4.75 and 5.75. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining initially a higher pH of 5.75 allows accumulating higher concentrations of acids than when natural acidification takes place. Such higher concentrations of acids allow the production of higher amounts of alcohols as end metabolites, showing the importance of pH on bioconversion and biomass growth. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Perowskite-Type Oxides of Cobalt, Chromium and Vanadium with Some Rare Earth Elements (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerowskite-Type Oxides of Cobalt, Chromium and Vanadium with Some Rare Earth ElementsAaron Wold and Roland WardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 4, 1029–1030Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01633a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01633a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views729Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Consensus Partition in Cluster Ensemble (2005)

In combination of multiple partitions, one is usually interested in deriving a consensus solution with a quality better than that of given partitions. Several recent studies have empirically demonstrated improved accuracy of clustering ensembles on a number of artificial and real-world data sets. Unlike certain multiple supervised classifier systems, convergence properties of unsupervised clustering ensembles remain unknown for conventional combination schemes. In this paper, we present formal arguments on the effectiveness of cluster ensemble from two perspectives. The first is based on a stochastic partition generation model related to re-labeling and consensus function with plurality voting. The second is to study the property of the "mean" partition of an ensemble with respect to a metric on the space of all possible partitions. In both the cases, the consensus solution can be shown to converge to a true underlying clustering solution as the number of partitions in the ensemble increases. This paper provides a rigorous justification for the use of cluster ensemble.
Distribution of Catechins, Theaflavins, Caffeine, and Theobromine in 77 Teas Consumed in the United States (2005)

ABSTRACT: To help define the composition of commercial teas consumed in the United States, we have developed and validated an high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to analyze levels of catechins, theaflavins, and alkaloids in 77 commercial black, green, specialty (brown rice, white, oolong), and herbal teas extracted with hot water to simulate home use. The following 13 compounds were separated in a single analysis on an Inertsil ODS‐3v column with acetonitrile/potassium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase: (−)‐epigallocatechin, (+)‐catechin, (−)‐epicatechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, (−)‐gallocatechin‐3‐gallate, (−)‐epicatechin‐3‐gallate, (−)‐catechin‐3‐gallate, theaflavin, theaflavin‐3‐gallate, theaflavin‐3′‐gallate, theaflavin‐3, 3′‐digallate, caffeine, and theobromine. The data show that (1) extraction time from 3 min to 20 min did not significantly affect measured levels of tea compounds and (2) there was a wide variation in the composition of the tea compounds both within each tea category and among categories: black teas contained both theaflavins and catechins, green and white teas contained catechins and trace amounts of theaflavins, herbal teas contained very low amounts of all tea compounds. A statistical profile of the distribution of catechins, theaflavins, caffeine, and theobromine in the evaluated teas offers consumers a choice of teas containing high levels of health‐promoting compounds.
SlidAR: A 3D positioning method for SLAM-based handheld augmented reality (2015)

Handheld Augmented Reality (HAR) has the potential to introduce Augmented Reality (AR) to large audiences due to the widespread use of suitable handheld devices. However, many of the current HAR systems are not considered very practical and they do not fully answer to the needs of the users. One of the challenging areas in HAR is the in-situ AR content creation where the correct and accurate positioning of virtual objects to the real world is fundamental. Due to the hardware limitations of handheld devices and possible restrictions in the environment, the correct 3D positioning of objects can be difficult to achieve we are unable to use AR markers or correctly map the 3D structure of the environment.
A high-throughput, area-efficient hardware accelerator for adaptive deblocking filter in H.264/AVC (2009)

In this paper, we present a high-throughput, area-efficient, hardware accelerator for the deblocking filter in H.264/AVC video compression standard. In order to achieve this goal, we start with algorithmic optimization and propose a novel decomposition of the filter kernels for the deblocking filter. The proposed decomposition reduces the number of adders by 51% and thereby greatly reduces the area requirement for its implementation. Subsequently, at architecture level, while using two identical filtering units, the transpose units are realized by efficient reuse of hardware resources to further reduce the area requirement. The two filtering units process the horizontal and vertical edges of the macro-block simultaneously and therefore further enhance the throughput of the hardware accelerator. Several other optimization techniques, such as reuse of intermediate results, pipelining, and merging of processing blocks on critical path, result in a hardware accelerator for deblocking filter with high throughput at one hand and less area in terms of equivalent gates count on the other, when compared with existing state-of-the-art hardware accelerators in the literature. While working at clock frequency of 166 MHz, synthesized under 0.18 ¿m CMOS standard cell technology, it easily meets the throughput requirements of all the levels in H.264/AVC video coding standard and consumes only 12.06 K gates (excluding SRAM).
Novel branched‐chain fatty acids in certain fish oils (1989)

Methyl-branched fatty acids, which are usually minor components (equal or less than 0.1%) in fish oils, were concentrated in the non-urea-complexing fraction along with polyunsaturated fatty acids during the enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids from certain fish oils via the urea complexation process. The methyl-branched fatty acids in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates, which were prepared from three fish body oils, were characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Among the major branched-chain fatty acids expected and identified were the known isoprenoid acids--mainly 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic, pristanic, and phytanic--and the well-known iso and anteiso structures. Two novel phytol-derived multimethyl-branched fatty acids, 2,2,6,10,14-pentamethylpentadecanoic and 2,3,7,11,15-pentamethylhexadecanoic, were identified in redfish (Sebastes sp.) oil. These two fatty acids were absent in oils from menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Pacific salmon (mixed, but mostly from sockeye, Oncorhynchus nerka). The major branched-chain fatty acid in the salmon oil, 7-methyl-7-hexadecenoic acid, was also present to a moderate extent in menhaden oil. A novel vicinal dimethyl-branched fatty acid, 7,8-dimethyl-7-hexadecenoic was detected in all of the fish oils examined, but was most important in the salmon oil. Three monomethyl-branched fatty acids, 11-methyltetradecanoic acid, and 11- and 13-methylhexadecanoic, hitherto undescribed in fish lipids, were also detected in salmon, redfish and menhaden oils.
Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations in breast cancer: prognosis and therapeutic consequences. (1998)

Since prooxidants may promote tumorigenesis, ubiquinone supplementation in breast cancer could be relevant.