gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IT Revolution and International Economic Theory (2000)

Today, the information technology (IT) is making its dynamic progress, sometimes called IT revolution, involving every sphere of the world. The key word of this move is ‘digital’, i. e., to convert any and all informa tion into the binary system. Our way of thinking, on the other hand, has been deeply accustomed to handle the phenomena by analogous physical attributes. This change of the analogous structure to the digital one enables us to create an entirely new and ‘analogous attribute free’ world called the ‘virtua’ and/or ‘cyber’ space, which forces us to rebuild our concepts in a totally different logic. This includes the economic theories and the interna tional economic theories are no exception. Free trade theories, foreign direct investment theories, international monetary theories are all categorized as those handling the economic phenomena analogously. A new theory for the ‘digital’ goods needs to be developed. This paper examines some theoretical possibilities by presenting a conceptual model called ‘the catastrophe product life cycle.’
Complex diamond lattice with wide band gaps in the visible range prepared by holography using a material with a low index of refraction (2007)

A holographic method was proposed to fabricate complex diamond lattice using materials with low refractive index. By this method, very wide band gaps were obtained experimentally. The width of the band gaps reached $260\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$; the ratio between the width and the central wavelength of the gaps reached 50%. Also, a common gap was observed in the range of 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} of incident angle in [1 1 1] plane at all orientations. This kind of complex-diamond lattice is greatly beneficial for obtaining complete band gaps.
Hyperosmotic hbridoma cell cultures: Increased monoclonal antibody production with addition of glycine betaine (1994)

When mouse hybridoma cells were grown in culture media which were made hyperosmotic through the addition of NaCl or sucrose, the specific rate of antibody production increased with medium osmolality, reaching approx. 1.9 times the level obtained at physiological osmolality. However, due to a simultaneous reduction of the maximal cell density in the hyperosmotic media, the effect of the increased production rate did not give significant increases in the maximum antibody titer obtained in the cultures. When the osmoprotective compound, glycine betaine, was included in the NaCl- or sucrose-stressed cultures, the specific antibody production rate wasincreased up to 2.6-fold and maximum antibody titer up to twofold over that obtained in the control culture (physiological osmolality). A similar pattern of response was observed when other osmoprotective compounds (sarcosine, proline, glycine) were added to NaCl-stressed hybridoma cell cultures. For the present experiments, the results suggest that medium osmolality, rather than growth rate, will determine the specific antibody production rate by hybridoma cell line 6H11 growing in hyperosmotic culture media. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Aerosol Deposition (AD) Integration Techniques and their Application to Microdevices (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction AD Method Room Temperature Impact Consolidation (RTIC) Deposition Properties and Film Patterning Other Similar Methods and Comparison with the AD Method Electrical Properties of AD Films Device Application Summary Acknowledgments References
ChemInform Abstract: Steric Effects in the Design of Chiral Schiff Base—Titanium Complexes: New Catalysts for Asymmetric Trimethylsilylcyanation of Aldehydes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low bias bagged support vector machines (2003)

Theoretical and experimental analyses of bagging indicate that it is primarily a variance reduction technique. This suggests that bagging should be applied to learning algorithms tuned to minimize bias, even at the cost of some increase in variance. We test this idea with Support Vector Machines (SVMs) by employing out-of-bag estimates of bias and variance to tune the SVMs. Experiments indicate that bagging of low-bias SVMs (the &quot;lobag&quot; algorithm) never hurts generalization performance and often improves it compared with well-tuned single SVMs and to bags of individually well-tuned SVMs.
Reservoir souring: sulfur chemistry in offshore oil and gas reservoir fluids (2018)

The injection of sulfate-containing seawater into an oil reservoir, for maintaining the reservoir pressure, can promote the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria and archaea near the injection wells, leading to the formation of sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide. However, intermediate sulfur species with different valence states, such as polythionates and polysulfides have been detected in several produced water samples, likely a result of phase partitioning, and chemical and microbial reactions. These sulfur species could affect the microbial communities (e.g., microbially influenced corrosion) and will impact the efficiency of souring mitigation methods. In addition, the presence of these sulfur species can result in operational, environmental, and treatment problems. Therefore, development and implementation of souring control strategies during production cycle of oil and gas reservoirs require identifying the origins, reactivity, and the partitioning behaviour of these compounds. This paper presents an overview of the known mechanisms responsible for reservoir souring and then focuses on the chemical reactions and sulfur species associated with production and consumption of hydrogen sulfide. In this work we highlight complexity of the sulfur chemistry and that the assumption that all the sulfate is reduced to hydrogen sulfide can lead to inappropriate souring management methods. The paper also reviews the detection and analysis methods used for sulfur compounds. The review demonstrates that there is a gap in the current souring models and methods due to the exclusion of key sulfur compounds and challenges in identifying and quantifying these compounds with respect to speed of analysis and sample stability.
A novel optical fibre process tomography structure for industry process control (2002)

In this paper, we develop novel pixel distribution and plane-light-path structures for optical fibre process tomography, which can be used to measure medium distributions and contents in a circular cross section of cylindrical space in the field of industry process monitoring and control. Such structures partition the circular region into two parts: one is a ring-measured part including 60 pixels; the other is a centre unmeasured part corresponding to a mechanical supporting pole. Eight optical fibre sensor units are uniformly distributed around the circle, each consisting of six transmission fibres. A simple numerical model of stratified two-phase flow is employed to provide the projected data for image reconstruction and verify the feasibility of the novel structures. Reconstructed images are obtained in the presence of an algebraic iterative reconstruction algorithm, and they are basically in accordance with the original models. Theoretical image-reconstructed relative resolution, taking into account the 60 pixels, is 1.67%. However, we found that the reconstructed error is less than 5%.
Enhancing the light-driven production of d-lactate by engineering cyanobacterium using a combinational strategy (2015)

It is increasingly attractive to engineer cyanobacteria for bulk production of chemicals from CO2. However, cofactor bias of cyanobacteria is different from bacteria that prefer NADH, which hampers cyanobacterial strain engineering. In this study, the key enzyme d-lactate dehydrogenase (LdhD) from Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC11842 was engineered to reverse its favored cofactor from NADH to NADPH. Then, the engineered enzyme was introduced into Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 to construct an efficient light-driven system that produces d-lactic acid from CO2. Mutation of LdhD drove a fundamental shift in cofactor preference towards NADPH, and increased d-lactate productivity by over 3.6-fold. We further demonstrated that introduction of a lactic acid transporter and bubbling CO2-enriched air also enhanced d-lactate productivity. Using this combinational strategy, increased d-lactate concentration and productivity were achieved. The present strategy may also be used to engineer cyanobacteria for producing other useful chemicals.
Progressive Freeze-Concentration of Tomato Juice. (1999)

Progressive freeze-concentration was applied to concentrate tomato juice. Effective partition constants of the solute between the solid and liquid phases were experimentally determined for total solid and potassium chloride (KCl)-equivalent salts. The partition constants were strongly dependent on the stirring rate at the ice front and the advance rate of that front. Increasing stirring rate and reducing advance rate of the ice front lowered the effective partition constant and improved freeze concentration performance. The partition constant was different between total solid and salts suggesting a different mechanism in the partition phenomena between the two components. Tomato juice of 4.3 wt% in solid content was concentrated up to 18.8 wt%. After the reconstitution of freeze concentrated tomato juice based on Brix, no substantial differences, except for salt content, were observed in acidity, vitamin C content, or color quality compared with before the concentration.
Pathogenicity and Infection Mechanism of Pseudocercospora vitis Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Grapevine in Korea (2006)

포도 갈색무늬병균의 침입부위를 알고자 잎의 앞면과 뒷면에 병원균을 접종한 결과 포도 잎의 앞면에 병원균을 접종한 처리구는 전혀 침입이 없었으며, 같은 잎의 뒷면에 병원균을 접종한 모든 처리구에서는 접종 15일 후에, 접종 지점 수와 동일한 수의 병반이 형성되었다. 병원균 접종 후에 발병에 소요되는 기간을 조사한 결과, 포도 잎의 뒷면에 접종한 경우, 접종 8일 후부터 병반이 나타나기 시작하여, 접종 10일 후에는 거의 모든 접종 지점에 병반이 나타났다. 갈색무늬병에 감수성인 캠벨얼리 품종에서는 잎 뒷면에 부착한 분생포자가 발아하여, 기공을 통하여 직접 식물체 조직 속으로 쉽게 침입하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면에 저항성인 거봉 품종에서는 분생포자가 기공 근처에서 발아하였어도 기공을 쉽게 인식하여 찾아가지 못하거나, 기공을 찾아도 침입을 하지 못하고 기공을 넘어서 계속 발아하기도 하였다. 또한 발아관이 기공에 도달하는 도중에 기공 주변을 감싸기도 하고 공변세포에 이르러서도 쉽게 기공을 통해 조직 속으로 침입하지 못하였다. 심지어 어렵게 기공을 인식하여 침입을 했어도 계속 발아하면서 감수성 품종과 달리 조직 속으로 침입하지 않고 다시 기공 밖으로 나오는 모습이 관찰되기도 하였다. 갈색무늬병에 감수성 품종과 저항성 품종에서의 단위면적당 기공 수를 조사한 결과, 감수성 품종인 캠벨얼리 품종이 저항성 품종인 거봉의 기공 수보다 많았고, 그 크기는 거봉 품종이 컸다. 따라서 갈색무늬병균은 단위면적당 기공 수의 다소가 침입을 좌우하고, 그 크기에 의해 좌우되지는 않는 것으로 추정된다. 저항성인 거봉 품종의 기공은 전체적으로 식물체의 표면과 기공을 구성하는 공변세포와의 높이 차이가 거의 없었던 것이 형태적으로 명확하게 관찰되는 반면, 감수성인 캠벨얼리 품종의 기공은 전체적으로 식물체의 표면과 기공을 구성하는 공변세포와의 높이 차이가 현저한 것을 주사전자현미경과 광학현미경을 이용하여 명확하게 관찰하였다. This study was carried out to know pathogenicity of the pathogen isolated in several location of Korea and penetration mechanism of the Pseudocercospora vitis (<TEX>$(L\acute{e}v)$</TEX>.) Speg. Inoculation tests at room temperature were performed on both sides of leaves with different isolates of the fungus. The typical symptoms appeared on the abaxial leaf surface, but no symptom was observed on the adaxial leaf surface with all isolates. The average incubation period was nine days, since all symptoms appeared from 8 to 10 days after inoculation. In order to know the mechanism of invasion of P. vitis to grapevine, the behavior of penetration hyphae through stomata were compared in two cultivars having different level of resistance. In order to know the mechanism of resistance of grape vine to P.vitis, two cultivars having different level of resistance were compared by counting the numbers and measuring size of the stomata per leaf. In a susceptible cultivar Campbell Early, the number of stomata was more than that of a resistance cultivar 'Kyoho'. In a susceptible cultivar 'Campbell Early', the fungus entered readily into stomata after inoculation. However, in a resistant cultivar 'Kyoho', the fungus seemed to pass over or surrounded only the guard cells. In comparison of height of guard cells of stomata between the two cultivars, significant differences were observed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The height of guard cells of 'Campbell Early' showed a little higher than those of 'Kyoho' known to be resistant to the fungus.
Testability-Driven Random Test-Pattern Generation (1987)

This paper presents ESPRIT, an automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) system for testing single stuck-at faults in combinational logic. ESPRIT generates test patterns by performing fault simulation on random patterns derived from nonuniformly distributed input signal probabilities. The system computes input signal probabilities that minimize a testability cost function. Using ESPRIT, we have observed orders-of-magnitude reduction in the number of random trials required to obtain a given fault coverage.
Effects of Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Aging on Cerebrospinal Fluid Norepinephrine Responses to Yohimbine and Clonidine (1995)

Central nervous system noradrenergic responsiveness is enhanced in normal older subjects, and this age effect is retained in patients with AD. Behavioral sensitivity to increased central nervous system noradrenergic activity is enhanced in patients with AD.
Determination of Dihydrostreptomycin and Mannosidostreptomycin with Periodic Acid (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Dihydrostreptomycin and Mannosidostreptomycin with Periodic AcidW. A. Vail and C. E. BrickerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 6, 975–979Publication Date (Print):June 19, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 June 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60066a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60066a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Code generation in a machine-independent compiler (1979)

This paper presents some code generation issues in the context of the PQCC Production-Quality Compiler-Compiler project [8]. The approach taken is unusual in several ways. The machine-dependent information for selection of code sequences, register assignments, etc., has been separated throughout, in tabular form, from the machine-independent algorithms. This not only greatly simplifies the development of code generators for new machines or languages, but paves the way for automatic generation of these tables from formal machine descriptions such as ISP [1]. A parse-tree-like internal program representation is used, facilitating the use of context and data dependency information about expressions. The code generation process has been broken into several phases. This leads to simplification and better understanding of the code generation process, and also allows important improvements in the quality of generated code. The algorithms for preliminary determination of addressing modes, allocation of registers and other locations, and the code selection case analysis are discussed. The algorithms described in the paper are being implemented and used in the PQCC compiler.
Artificial Muscle Material with Fast Electroactuation under Neutral pH Conditions (2004)

A novel artificial muscle material based on an acrylic acid/acrylamide hydrogel blended with a conductive polypyrrole/carbon black composite was prepared. The material was optimized in terms of its electroactuation response by varying the acrylic acid content, the blending concentration of the conductive composite, and the intensity of the electric field. The artificial muscle material showed a fast and reversible electroactuation when a low potential was applied. Further, the artificial muscle was incorporated into a microfabricated pumping device that exhibited reproducible flow rates, thus demonstrating its potential usefulness in bio-micro-electro−mechanical systems (BioMEMS) applications.
Reconstruction of Human Face for Different Age Based on the Log-gabor Wavelet (2008)

A new method is proposed for reconstruction of different age human face based on the face shape and age texture. First, average face shapes are obtained by punctuating on different age faces, and the faces are warped by radial basis function to the average shapes. Second, by decomposing and selecting the elderly face images using the log-Gabor wavelet, we can get age texture, then add it to the warped face. Finally, we can reconstruct the target age of human face by judging the age of human face through the age estimation function, adjusting age texture parameter that can control wrinkle's changes. Experimental results show that the method can reconstruct different age for human faces which are more sincerity.
Contributions to an Environmental Impact Statement (1975)

Assessment of the effects on land use, social, economic, historic and natural environment as a result of highway construction are discussed. Predictions of these effects on the various categories twenty years hence are also presented. Information of this type is a necessary segment of an environment impact study soas to conform to EPAand Department of Rransportation (DOT) guidelines.
Nuevas oportunidades para antiguos paisajes: algunos conceptos acerca de las costas mediterráneas (2009)

El Mediterráneo es sin duda uno de los primeros destinos turísticos en el mundo, y todavía uno de los más relevantes. Ha sido el contexto geográfico de civilizaciones importantes, a pesar de haber sido un campo hostil de enfermedades y escasez, debido a los peligros del mar y a las malas infraestructuras. En aproximadamente un siglo, esta heterogénea pero compartida realidad se convirtió en un paisaje valorado, discretamente ocupado por resorts turísticos de élite de los años treinta, que en los sesenta evolucionó hacia\n\t\t\t\t el conocido modelo de turismo de masas. Finalmente, en los ochenta, los expertos inventaron el eufemismo “destino turístico maduro”, con el fin de definir los productos insostenibles que irremediablemente deterioraban lo que a menudo era su único recurso: el paisaje. La frustración sobre el estereotipo “sol y playa”, –llamado por algunos “sol, playa y sexo”– condujo a una crisis que exigía un cambio de modelo. Se propusieron dos estrategias principales: la primera, el mejoramiento de la oferta existente, y la segunda, la promoción de formas alternativas de turismo, por ejemplo, cultural, rural o relacionado con la naturaleza.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2/2010 (2010)

Back Cover: The image shows an optical microscopy image of an array of anisotropic porous magnetic supraparticles. A simple, efficient, and scalable method for the formation of such particles in droplets suspended on superhydrophobic surfaces is presented. The color rings on the surfaces of the supraparticles arise from light diffraction in their highly organized structure. Further details can be found in the article by V. Rastogi, A. A. García, M. Marquez, and O. D. Velev* on page 190.
Impact of deposition conditions on nanostructured anisotropic silica thin films in multilayer interference coatings (2021)

Recent developments of nanostructured coatings have reached a point where extensive investigations within multi-layer systems are necessary for further implementation in novel photonic systems. Although sculptured thin films are explored for decades, no optical and structural measurements have been performed for anisotropic nanostructured multi-layer coatings with different deposition conditions of the dense layer. In this paper, we present extensive morphological analysis on silica nanostructured anisotropic films. Changing the deposition angle from 66° to 84°, indicate the changes in surface filling from 84% to 57%, respectively, while phase retardance has a maximal value of 0.032°/nm at 70° and 72° angles. We also present the investigation of covering such structures with the dense layer at different conditions. As a result, the technology for maintaining initial anisotropic properties is developed for extending spectral difference 1.6 times and phase retardation by 5% in anisotropic multi-layer coatings. Furthermore, we present simulations of growing silica layer using experimental conditions in the Virtual Coater framework resulting in virtual anisotropic films for comparison with measurements. The minimal impact on the anisotropy of porous layer is reached with the deposition of dense layer at 30° angle during constant substrate rotation.
Fractionation and Solubilization of Cellulose in Rice Hulls by Hot-Compressed Water Treatment, and Production of Glucose from the Solubilized Products by Enzymatic Saccharification (2008)

本論文では，籾殻中のセルロースからグルコースを生産する方法として，加圧熱水処理と酵素処理を組み合わせた方法について検討した．まず，200°C以下の加圧熱水処理により，ヘミセルロースおよび一部のリグニンを可溶化，分離後の試料を，パーコレータ型反応器にて加圧熱水処理（280°C, 10 MPa, 10 mL/min）し，セルロースを可溶化した．続いて，可溶化物をセルラーゼにて処理することで，セルロース基準で68.1%の収率でグルコースに変換することができた．
The anti‐obesity effect of rimonabant is associated with an improved serum lipid profile (2004)

We investigated the effects of chronic treatment with the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (10 mg/kg/day p.o. for 10 weeks) in mice with established obesity (5-month high-fat diet). Untreated obese mice showed a weight gain of 46% (45.0 +/- 0.6 g vs. 30.8 +/- 0.5 g) compared with age-matched animals fed a standard diet. Rimonabant treatment, commencing after 5-month high-fat diet, produced a marked and sustained decrease in body weight (34.5 +/- 0.8 g vs. 47.2 +/- 0.5 g in the high-fat vehicle group, p < 0.001). The anti-obesity effect of rimonabant was similar to that obtained by switching obese mice from high-fat diet to standard laboratory diet during 10 weeks (final weight 33.7 +/- 0.6 g) and was associated with only transient (14 days) reduction in energy intake. Serum leptin, insulin and glucose levels were markedly elevated in obese animals. Rimonabant treatment significantly reduced these elevations (leptin -81%, insulin -78%, glucose -67%, p < 0.001 in all cases vs. high-fat vehicle group). In addition, rimonabant treatment modestly but significantly increased serum adiponectin levels (+18%, p < 0.05 vs. high-fat vehicle group). Obese mice demonstrated abnormal serum lipid profiles. Although rimonabant did not modify high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and had modest effects on total cholesterol, it significantly reduced triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and, notably, increased the HDLc/LDLc ratio (12.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.9 +/- 0.2 in high-fat vehicle group, p < 0.001). Therefore, in a model of established obesity, chronic rimonabant treatment produces a marked and sustained decrease in body weight (equivalent to that achieved by dietary change) which is associated with favourable modifications in serum biochemical and lipid profiles.