gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of growth factors on the proliferation of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. (1998)

Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a new member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of multifunctional peptide growth factors that appear to mediate many key events in cell growth and development. The effects of GDF-5 and other growth factors (epidermal growth factor, EGF; TGF-beta 1) on the proliferation of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts compared with desoximetasone and calcipotriol have been investigated. The proliferation rate was determined by a hemocytometer, MTT assay and the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine. Moreover, cell cycle analyses were performed and the influence on interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) production in keratinocytes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) because of its pronounced proinflammatory effect. In keratinocytes, GDF-5 stimulated cell proliferation to a minor extent. The drug already proved to be effective at very low concentrations (0.1 ng/ml). Growth stimulatory effects with EGF have been observed only in keratinocyte basal medium (KBM), but not in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). TGF-beta 1 markedly inhibited the proliferation of keratinocytes at concentrations > 1 ng/ml. Calcipotriol and desoximetasone also showed a dose-dependent cell growth inhibition in epidermal cell cultures. IL-1 alpha synthesis was greatly suppressed by calcipotriol 10(-8)-10(-6) M. EGF at 10 ng/ml, in contrast, strongly stimulated IL-1 alpha production. Neither GDF-5 nor TGF-beta 1 had a significant effect on IL-1 alpha production in keratinocyte monolayer cultures. In fibroblasts, GDF-5 induced very weak antiproliferative effects. Calcipotriol and desoximetasone also inhibited cell growth in fibroblast cultures whereas proliferation and DNA synthesis were strongly stimulated by 1 ng/ml EGF. There was, however, a contradiction between TGF-beta 1 results on fibroblasts. Whereas TGF-beta 1 increased proliferation in cell number determination and in the thymidine incorporation assay, MTT assays showed slight antiproliferative effects. Due to these controversial results, in addition cell cycle analysis was employed. TGF-beta 1 led to an increased S phase, which indicates a stimulation of cell division. The different results obtained with the MTT test suggest that TGF-beta 1 may stimulate cell division of fibroblasts not only by increasing the S phase, but also by shortening the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
A Multi-Pass Coding Mode Search Framework For AV1 Encoder Optimization (2019)

The AV1 codec recently released by the Alliance of Open Media provides nearly 30% BDrate reduction over its predecessor VP9. It substantially extends the available coding block sizes and supports a wide range of prediction modes. There are also a large variety of transform kernel types and sizes. The combination provides an extremely wide range of flexible coding options. To translate such flexibility into compression efficiency, the encoder needs to conduct an extensive search over the space of coding modes. Optimization of the encoder complexity and compression efficiency trade-off is critical to productionizing AV1. Many research efforts have been devoted to devising feature space based pruning methods ranging from decision rules based on some simple observations to more complex neural network models. A multi-pass coding mode search framework is proposed in this work to provide a structural approach to reduce the search volume. It decomposes the original high dimensional space search into cascaded stages of lower dimensional space searches. To retain a near optimal search result, the scheme departs from conventional dimension reduction approach in which one retains a single winner at each stage, and uses that winner for the next stage (dimension). Instead, this framework retains a subset of the states that are the most likely winners at each stage, which are then fed into the next stage to find the next subset of winners. The subset size at each stage is determined by the likelihood that the optimal route will be captured in the current stage. Changing this likelihood parameter tunes the encoder for speed and compression performance trade-off. This framework can integrate with most existing feature based methods at its various stages. The framework provides 60% encoding time reduction at the expense of 0.6% compression loss in libaom AV1 encoder.
In vitro and in vivo dependency of chemokine generation on C5a and TNF-alpha. (1999)

Under a variety of conditions, alveolar macrophages can generate early response cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1), complement components, and chemotactic cytokines (chemokines). In the current studies, we determined the requirements for TNF-alpha and the complement activation product C5a in chemokine production in vitro and in vivo. Two rat CXC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)) as well as three rat CC chemokines (MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1) were investigated. Chemokine generation in vitro was studied in rat alveolar macrophages stimulated with IgG immune complexes in the absence or presence of Abs to TNF-alpha or C5a. The rat lung injury model induced by IgG immune complex deposition was employed for in vivo studies. Abs to TNF-alpha or C5a were administered intratracheally or i.v., and effects on chemokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were quantitated by ELISA. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the requirements for TNF-alpha and C5a for full generation of CXC and CC chemokines. In vitro and in vivo blockade of TNF-alpha or C5a resulted in significantly reduced production of chemokines. Supernatant fluids from in vitro-stimulated macrophages revealed by Western blot analysis the presence of C5a/C5adesArg, indicating intrinsic generation of C5a/C5adesArg by alveolar macrophages and explaining the higher efficiency of intratracheal vs i.v. blockade of C5a in reducing chemokine production. These results underscore the central role of both TNF-alpha and C5a, which appear to function as autocrine activators to promote CXC and CC chemokine generation by alveolar macrophages.
Implementing path-exploration damping in the Quagga Software Routing Suite Version 0.99.13 - patch set version 0.3 (2009)

Quagga is a software routing suite which provides implementations of various routing protocols for UNIX based platforms. It supports implementations of RIP, OSPF and BGP version 4. Path-exploration damping is one possible approach to filter out the path hunting phenomenon in BGP, in which a single prefix withdrawal event at the original announcement's origin may generate a large volume of subsequent updates as the routing system converges. Implementing path-exploration damping in Quagga, using version 0.99.11, results in a fully operating routing suite which makes use of this technique. This technical report describes the patch set version 0.2 of the path exploration damping implementation in Quagga version 0.99.11, obsoleting CAIA Technical Report 081117A.
Business Process Modeling (2002)

Based on the stair-like architecture (SLA), all aspects that should be considered are put forward for business process modeling, and the concept of process view is introduced. The method of UML-based object-oriented modeling is discussed in detail. At last, the idea of ontology is elaborated, and the modeling paradigm combining business process chain, object, ontology and agent is presented which is appropriate for the complex application. Based on such a modeling paradigm, by modeling all business processes, the information model of an enterprise can be gradually obtained, and thus we can find computer software solution for the global optimization of the enterprise.
Stimulation of acid and pepsin secretions in fistulated cats by dimaprit-like compounds. (1980)

In the present paper the Authors describe the effects of dimaprit analogs on cat gastric acid and pepsin secretions. Such compounds are only weakly active as stimulants of H2-receptors, and studied as antagonists fail to inhibit acid and pepsin secretions evoked by dimaprit. The different mechanisms of action of dimaprit and histamine on H2-receptors are discussed.
Application of TLASSSI method in prestack elastic parameter inversion (2013)

Prestack elastic parameter inversion (PEPI) is very helpful in quantitative estimation of reservoir properties. Sparse spike inversion (SSI) is the most widely used method in PEPI. However, SSI using some local optimization algorithms (e.g., conjugate gradient method, CG) usually suffers from a strongly ill-posed problem. The global optimization algorithms can avoid this problem effectively, in spite of a little extra computation cost. Besides, the usually used SSI separately inverts sparse-spike’s time locations and its amplitudes and it is low efficient. In this abstract, we adopt orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) non-linear algorithm for SSI, and derive a linear matrix equation to invert the sparse-spike’s time locations and its amplitudes simultaneously (TLAS). We name the method as TLASSSI. The linear matrix equation is derived from the cost function without any constraint terms. In spite of no constraint terms, TLASSSI can still obtain exact inversion results including sparse-spike’s time locations and its amplitudes. Numerical examples indicate that our method can achieve a good performance even with an existence of some noise, while the CG algorithm fails to get a desirable inversion result.
Runes about a Snow-White Woman : The Lund Gaming-Piece Revisited (2013)

A small, well-preserved, wooden runic object was found in a well in the city of Lund in Scania (Skåne) in 2004 and has puzzled researchers ever since. It is presumably a gaming-piece for a board game. The dating of the archaeological layer in which the object was found suggests that it ended in the well between c. 1220 and 1235. The reading of the individual runes is in almost every case certain. The reading order of the lines, the interpretation of the linguistic content and the provenance, however, have caused disagreement among those who have studied the object. The inscription was tentatively discussed in the author’s Ph.D. dissertation from 2007, but many questions remained unsolved. This paper reviews the discussion so far, and offers a more coherent linguistic interpretation. It also suggests a probable provenance for the object.
Optimal P/N width ratio selection for standard cell libraries (1999)

The effectiveness of logic synthesis to satisfy increasingly tight timing constraints in deep-submicron high-performance circuits heavily depends on the range and variety of logic gates available in the standard cell library. Primarily, research in the design of high-performance standard cell libraries has been focused on drive strength selection of various logic gates. Since CMOS logic circuit delays not only depend on the drive strength of each gate but also on its PM width ratio, it is crucial to provide good PM width ratios for each cell. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a theoretical framework through which library designers can determine optimal PM width ratio for each logic gate in their high-performance standard cell library. This theoretical framework utilizes new gate delay models that explicitly represent the dependence of delay on P/N width ratio and load. These delay models yield highly accurate delay for CMOS gates in a 0.12 /spl mu/m L/sub eff/ deep-submicron technology.
Studies on Anti-Allergic Components in the Roots of<i>Asiasarum sieboldi</i> (1994)

The methanolic extract of the roots of Asiasarum sieboldi has been evaluated for anti-allergic effects on various experimental models in vitro and in vivo. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract resulted in isolation of suppressive compounds in the PCA test: methyleugenol (1), elemicin (2), gamma-asarone (3), (-)-asarinin (4), and (-)-sesamin (5). Furthermore, elemicin (2) and (2E,4E,8Z,10E)-N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenami de (6) were found to exhibit an inhibitory action on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from RBL-1 cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxycinnamaldehyde (7) and xanthoxylol (8) potently reduced the contractile response of guinea pig ileal strips to LTD4.
Measurement Issues in Galvanic Intrabody Communication: Influence of Experimental Setup (2015)

This study has helped us obtain useful considerations about optimal setups for galvanic-type IBC as well as to identify some of the main causes of discrepancy in the literature.
Patterned media made from pre-etched wafers: a promising route toward ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (2002)

We have investigated a very efficient way to produce patterned media for ultrahigh density magnetic recording by first preparing patterned wafers made of silicon. Two ways of patterning the wafers were investigated: direct e-beam lithography with reactive ion etching and nanoimprinting. Features as small as 30 nm with a pitch of 60 nm were realized by nanoimprint. Subsequently, a magnetic material was deposited on these patterned wafers, covering the top of the dots, the bottom of the trenches between dots, and to a lesser extent, the sidewalls of the dots. The magnetic information is stored in the magnetic deposit located on top of the dots. In most of our studies, the deposited magnetic materials were (Co-Pt) multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The influence of the magnetic deposit in the trenches as well as on the sidewalls of the dots was investigated. Two techniques were developed to manipulate the information written on the dots. One is a thermomagnetic writing process which consists of locally heating a single dot by flowing a pulse of current from a conductive atomic force microscopy tip to the dot. The second writing technique consists of using standard write heads for hard disk to locally apply a magnetic field on each individual dot. This paper presents a review of our work on these arrays of dots made from prepatterned wafers.
Efficient simulation of blood flow past complex endovascular devices using an adaptive embedding technique (2005)

The simulation of blood flow past endovascular devices such as coils and stents is a challenging problem due to the complex geometry of the devices. Traditional unstructured grid computational fluid dynamics relies on the generation of finite element grids that conform to the boundary of the computational domain. However, the generation of such grids for patient-specific modeling of cerebral aneurysm treatment with coils or stents is extremely difficult and time consuming. This paper describes the application of an adaptive grid embedding technique previously developed for complex fluid structure interaction problems to the simulation of endovascular devices. A hybrid approach is used: the vessel walls are treated with body conforming grids and the endovascular devices with an adaptive mesh embedding technique. This methodology fits naturally in the framework of image-based computational fluid dynamics and opens the door for exploration of different therapeutic options and personalization of endovascular procedures.
Learning a semantic parser from spoken utterances (2014)

Semantic parsers map natural language input into semantic representations. In this paper, we present an approach that learns a semantic parser in the form of a lexicon and an inventory of syntactic patterns from ambiguous training data which is applicable to spoken utterances. We only assume the availability of a task-independent phoneme recognizer, making it easy to adapt to other tasks and yielding no a priori restriction concerning the vocabulary that the parser can process. In spite of these low requirements, we show that our approach can be successfully applied to both spoken and written data.
THE INTERNATIONAL OCEAN TRANSPORT INDUSTRY IN CRISIS: ASSESSING THE REASONS AND OUTLOOK. (1993)

Until 1980, the world merchant fleet expanded rapidly in response to thriving seatrade markets. Since then, it has not grown much. The industry did not adjust effectively to periodic global recession, and the fleet's earnings deteriorated as the gap widened between the supply of tonnage and the demand for transport. The unpredictability of seatrade markets and the changing structure of demand for ocean transport complicated shipowners'efforts to retrench and draw up defensive strategies. Advances in ship design and ocean transport technologies allowed shipowners to adjust to the greater need for specialized vessels, but chose to retain their assets and their adoption was expensive. Most shipowners added a few new vessels after 1980, often supported by government subsidies. Government regulations created serious distortions in ocean transport and impeded free market adjustments. The most serious issues the industry faces are a critically overaged fleet and shortage of capital. Becauseof reduced freight earnings, maintenance has been neglected, leading to frequent structural failure. Ship casualties - often with serious envionmental damage - have reached alarming levels. The deteriorating safety record has caused insurance costs to escalate and has provoked calls for stricter liability rules, stringent technical standards, and rigorous inspection. Enforcement would make ocean transport more expensive. To meet expected demand for ocean transport safely and efficiently, a great deal of overaged tonnage must be replaced, maintenance must be improved, and new tonnage has to be added. The estimated cost: almost US$400 billion in constant 1992 prices. But traditional financing, through mortgage lending and government subsidy, is becoming scarce. Leasing or cashflow-based lending are promising alternatives, but they required predictable revenue streams based on long-term freight contracts predicated on cargo-owners'cooperation, which remains doubtful. No effective arrangements have been made to meet the industry's capital requirements, and doubts are more numerous than assurances in the industry. The crisis that has developed is unprecedented.
<i>Chinese Science and Technology Industrial Parks</i>. By <scp>Susan M. Walcott</scp>. [Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, 2003. x+220pp. £55.00. ISBN 0-7546-0952-9.] (2004)

One of the institutional innovations in China's reform and open-door era is the establishment of economic and technological development zones, export processing zones, science and technology parks, and other “zones” or “parks” at geographically diverse regions. This book represents an effort to investigate some of the science and technology industrial parks (STIPs). For the geographer Walcott, such parks are oriented to multinational development, multinational learning, and local innovation learning, based on “the type of activity contained and the type of company profiled” (p. 13). In particular, she shows that multinational corporations (MNCs) have become the growth engines for China's leapfrog into the 21st century with their contributions to China's exports, high tech as well as low tech, and the creation of new jobs. Therefore, in cities like Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Suzhou, MNCs have mainly processed and assembled products using foreign-imported critical parts plus locally-made components with the help of cheap labor and easy access to major ports such as Hong Kong and Shanghai. On the other hand, in Shanghai, the best example of a multinational learning zone capable of providing a wide range of skills, goods and services, MNCs are engaged in manufacturing activities in proximity to Chinese firms, research and development entities, both within and outside designated STIPs. Finally, Beijing, Shenzhen (again), and Xi'an, according to Walcott, have represented another model where the proximity of domestic firms to institutions of learning has facilitated knowledge transfer.
Outbreak of Obstructive Ventilatory Impairment Associated with Consumption of Sauropus androgynus Vegetable (1996)

In this case series of 41 victims, we have identified a severe pulmonary effect and hypothesize that it is related to consumption of sauropus androgynus vegetable. Papaverine has been previously identified in this vegetable but is unlikely to be responsible for the full range of toxicity seen.
Focus: The incredible shrinking mass spectrometers. (1999)

Miniaturization is on track to take MS into space and the doctor's office.
Affinity purification of microRNA-133a with the cardiac transcription factor, Hand2 (2010)

Predictions of microRNA-mRNA interactions typically rely on bioinformatic algorithms, but these algorithms only suggest the possibility of microRNA binding and may miss important interactions as well as falsely predict others. We developed an affinity purification approach to empirically identify microRNAs associated with the 3'UTR of the mRNA encoding Hand2, a transcription factor essential for cardiac development. In addition to miR-1, a known regulator of Hand2 expression, we determined that the Hand2 3'UTR also associated with miR-133a, a microRNA cotranscribed with miR-1 in cardiac and muscle cells. Using a sequential binding assay, we showed that miR-1 and miR-133a could occupy the Hand2 3'UTR concurrently. miR-133a inhibited Hand2 expression in tissue culture models, and miR-133a double knockout mice had elevated levels of Hand2 mRNA and protein. We conclude that Hand2 is regulated by miR-133a in addition to miR-1. The affinity purification assay should be generally applicable for identifying other microRNA-mRNA interactions.
Outcomes by Tumor Subtype and Treatment Pattern in Women With Small, Node-Negative Breast Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Study (2014)

Women with T1a,b tumors have an excellent prognosis without chemotherapy. Size and tumor subtype may identify patients in whom the rate of recurrence justifies consideration of chemotherapy. These patients represent an optimal group for evaluating less toxic adjuvant regimens to maintain efficacy while minimizing short- and long-term risks.
<i>Bench to Bedside:</i> Electrophysiologic and Clinical Principles of Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Using Impedance Cardiography (2003)

The evaluation of the hemodynamic state of the severely ill patient is a common problem in emergency medicine. While conventional vital signs offer some insight into delineating the circulatory pathophysiology, it is often impossible to determine the true clinical state from an analysis of blood pressure and heart rate alone. Cardiac output measurements by thermodilution have been the criterion standard for the evaluation of hemodynamics. However, this technology is invasive, expensive, time-consuming, and impractical for most emergency department environments. Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a noninvasive method of obtaining continuous measurements of hemodynamic data such as cardiac output that requires little technical expertise. ICG technology was first developed by NASA in the 1960s and is based on the idea that the human thorax is electrically a nonhomogeneous, bulk conductor. Variation in the impedance to flow of a high-frequency, low-magnitude alternating current across the thorax results in the generation of a measured waveform from which stroke volume can be calculated by a modification of the pulse contour method. To adequately judge the possible role of this technology in the practice of emergency medicine, it is important to have a sufficient understanding of the basic scientific principles involved as well as the clinical validity and limitations of the technique.