gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel cell surface antigen (T305) found in increased frequency on acute leukemia cells and in autoimmune disease states. (1983)

Monoclonal antibody T305, prepared by immunizing mice with the T-ALL derived cell line RPMI-8402, immunoprecipitates a single chain glycoprotein with m.w. 160,000 daltons (under reducing conditions) or 180,000 daltons (under nonreducing conditions). In immunofluorescence assays, antibody T305 reacted with a subpopulation of T cells in normal blood (22 +/- 6%), thymus (28 +/- 11%), and lymph node (24 +/- 6%). Increased frequency of T cells reactive with antibody T305 was found in peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis (greater than 80%), graft-vs-host disease after bone marrow transplantation (65 +/- 11%), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (53 +/- 12%). The T cells in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis had increased frequency of antibody T305 reactive cells (59 +/- 8%) as compared to their peripheral blood (18 +/- 7%). Two color immunofluorescent studies demonstrated that the T305+ T cells predominantly co-stained with antibody Leu 2a (suppressor/cytotoxic subset) in both normals and disease state blood. After cell sorting to obtain T305+ and T305- subpopulations, we demonstrated that a) natural killer and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity in normal blood was in the T305+ but not T305- T cells; b) cytotoxic T cells induced by mixed lymphocyte reaction were predominantly T305+; c) T305- T cells could be induced in vitro to express T305 antigen by mitogens or allogeneic B cells; d) the DNA content of T305+ and T305- T cells in normal blood was similar (greater 95% of cells with G0/G1 level); e) after mitogen stimulation, T305 antigen induction on previously T305- cells occurs before S-phase; and f) significantly more [3H]-thymidine after mitogen stimulation was incorporated by originally T305- cells than by originally T305+ cells (p less than 0.001). The T305 antigen was not restricted to T cells because it was also found on myeloid precursors in bone marrow but was not present on polymorphonuclear leukocytes, red blood cells, platelets, muscle, liver, skin, kidney, lung, or brain. Antibody T305 was found on 24/25 cases of acute leukemia (6 T-ALL, 10/11 cALL, 7 AML, and 1 AMOL) but not on 18 cases of chronic leukemia (B-CLL, T-CLL, null CLL, CML). The importance of the T305 antigen is that it is present on a high number of T cells in certain autoimmune diseases and on virtually all acute leukemia cells. Its distribution on immature and in vitro activated cells suggests that it may represent a receptor for signals related to cellular replication or differentiation.
High temperature activation of emitters for field ionization and field desorption mass spectrometry (1973)

A method is described for producing microneedles on field anodes. Field pyrolysis of benzonitrile causes the growth of these needles at a temperature of about 1200 degrees C. They yield optimal emission qualities for field-ionization and -desorption mass spectrometry. The needles prove to be resistant to chemical attack as well as thermal and mechanical stress.
Identifying a New Non-Linear CSI Phase Measurement Error with Commodity WiFi Devices (2016)

WiFi technology has gained a wide prevalence for not only wireless communication but also pervasive sensing. A wide variety of emerging applications leverage accurate measurements of the Channel State Information (CSI) information exposed by commodity WiFi devices. Due to hardware imperfection of commodity WiFi devices, the frequency response of internal signal processing circuit is mixed with the real channel frequency response in passband, which makes deriving accurate channel frequency response from CSI measurements a challenging task. In this paper, we conduct an extensive empirical studies on CSI measurements and identify a non-negligible non-linear CSI phase error, which cannot be compensated by existing calibration strategies targeted at linear CSI phase errors. We conduct intensive analysis on the properties of such non-linear CSI phase errors and find that such errors are prevalent among various WiFi devices. Furthermore, they are stable along time and for different time-of-flight but related to the received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the received signal, the band frequency and the specific radios used between a transmission pair. Based on these key observations, we infer that the IQ imbalance issue in the direct-down-conversion architecture of commodity WiFi devices is the root source of the non-linear CSI phase errors. Our findings are essential to CSI-based applications and call for new practical strategies to remedy non-linear phase errors.
Unsteady Pressure Measurement in a Single Stage Axial Transonic Compressor Near the Stability Limit (2008)

With the help of piezoelectric high frequency pressure probes measurements are undertaken to investigate the flow during stable compressor operation close to the stability limit. Fourteen static pressure probes record the static wall pressure and ten total pressure probes record the total pressure at the rotor exit, both in the absolute frame of reference. The data is then visualised as ensemble averaged contour and spectrum plots. With the help of wall and exit pressure, the tip leakage vortex is localised. Oscillations of the tip leakage vortex are seen as well in terms of high relative standard deviation as well as in an excitation of a frequency band around 1/2 BPF. Further investigation of the frequency spectrum with the help of the pseudo-unsteady wall pressure reveal the occurrence of rotating tip leakage vortex disturbances forming a two-passage periodic vortex pattern. The presented measurements were obtained using Rotor-1 from the TU Darmstadt rotor family. With a sampling rate of 125kHz the pressure field is resolved with 23 measurements per passage (at 20.000 rpm, design speed).
Matrix Metalloproteinases as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer (2005)

Degradation of extracellular matrix is crucial for malignant tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent neutral endopeptidases collectively capable of degrading essentially all matrix components. Elevated levels of distinct MMPs can be detected in tumor tissue or serum of patients with advanced cancer, and their role as prognostic indicators in cancer has been widely examined. In addition, therapeutic intervention in tumor growth and invasion based on inhibition of MMP activity is under intensive investigation and several MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) are in clinical cancer trials. Even though results of the first clinical trials in advanced cancer have been mostly disappointing, there are also positive results. Recent observations show, that certain MMPs limit tumor growth. Therefore, identification of proper MMPs for therapeutic intervention with array-based molecular classifications of tumors and targeting these with more specific MMPIs in combination with conventional chemotherapy is expected to provide a feasible approach for cancer therapy. MMPIs represent a totally different therapeutic modality from proven anti-cancer drugs and thus traditional approaches to evaluate drug efficiency cannot be used without modification. In this review, we discuss the current view on the feasibility of MMPs as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
Step-and-scan lithography using reduction optics (1989)

Scanning 1:1 optical lithography has a long record of success that has been greatly abetted by the relatively straightforward nature of 1:1 ring-field optics and by the fact that mask and wafer can be mounted to a common scanning carriage. However, as lithography requirements progress into the submicron regime, there is strong motivation to employ reduction optics in order to keep the difficulty of the mask-making task within reasonable bounds. A new ‘‘step-and-scan’’ lithography tool achieves this goal and combines the best features of scanners and steppers by sequentially scanning 20×32.5-mm subfields. Key features of this system are a ring-field projection system, with a 4:1 reduction ratio, and a scanning system in which the reticle and wafer are carried by separate stages driven at different but precisely synchronized velocities.
Spectral CT: Preliminary Studies in the Liver Cirrhosis (2012)

Spectral CT Provides a quantitative method with which to analyze the cirrhotic liver, and shows the potential value in the classification of liver cirrhosis.
Testosterone and “5α-Dihydrotestosterone” Levels in Peripheral Plasma of Male and Female Ring Doves (Streptopelia risoria) During the Reproductive Cycle1 (1977)

Testosterone (T), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androstenedione (A) were measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral plasma of paired male and female ring doves throughout the reproductive cycle. Before the males were moved to the breeding cage for pairing, their T levels were 183.4 ± 28.1 pg/ml and their DHT levels were 129.5 ± 16.3 pg/ml. Within 4 h after pairing with a female, male androgen levels rose (T = 322.8 ± 136.5 pg/ml, DHT = 1043.8 ± 247.3 pg/ml) and by three days after pairing T and DHT had reached peak levels (701.4 ± 116.8 pg/ml and 1279.5 ± 241.1 pg/ml, respectively). By the time the female laid her first egg, marking the end of the courtship phase and the beginning of the incubation phase, T and DHT levels had declined to 189.6 ± 26.1 and 200.0 ± 41.9. Androgen remained at approximately these low baseline concentrations throughout incubation and squab rearing, and showed a second elevation only at the beginning (courtship phase) of the next reproductive cycle. Androstenedione levels never exceeded 10 pg/ml. In the absence of females, neither removal of a male from his home cage to a novel cage, nor pairing of a male with another male resulted in elevation of T or DHT above baseline values. Castrated males paired with females also exhibited no rise in T or DHT concentrations above baseline values. It is concluded that female doves induce increased androgen secretion in males during the coutship phase of the reproductive cycle, that the major source of the androgen surge is testicular, and that the predominant circulating androgens in male doves are T and DHT. T and DHT were also detected in females, with somewhat higher concentrations tending to occur during courtship than at other phases of the cycle. However, androgen concentrations in females were lower than those of males at all stages of the reproductive cycle.
Commercial Flight Crew Decision Making During Low-Visibility Approach Operations Using Fused Synthetic and Enhanced Vision Systems (2009)

The use of an enhanced vision (EV) system in civil aircraft is projected to increase rapidly as the Federal Aviation Administration recently changed the aircraft operating rules under Part 91, revising the flight visibility requirements for conducting operations to civil airports. Operators conducting straight-in instrument approach procedures may now operate below the published approach minimums when using an approval EV system that shows the required visual references on the pilot's Head-Up Display (HUD). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the complementary use of synthetic vision (SV) and EV technologies, focusing on new techniques for integration and/or fusion of synthetic and enhanced vision technologies under the newly adopted FAA rules. The current paper describes a fixed-based simulation experiment that evaluated several display concepts located on the pilot-flying HUD and pilot-not-flying auxiliary display. Results specific to flight crew response, during non-normal events and below minimum visibility, using the fused synthetic/enhanced vision system are discussed here. The results demonstrated that the integrated SV/EV display did not adversely impact detection of lateral navigational solution errors on runway incursions. Additionally, flight crews were able to effectively use existing EV system procedures in their decision-making but found the visual transition from an excellent EV image to natural vision by 100 ft height above touchdown to be awkward. Finally, the addition of scene-linked symbology significantly enhanced flight crew go-around decision-making and reduced the number of illegal landings during approaches in which the required visual references to continue the landing were unavailable.
Active Dallenbach radar absorber (2006)

Conventional radar absorbent materials (RAM) fall into two main types based on the Salisbury screen and the Dallenbach layer or their multi-layer counterparts. They operate by absorbing the incident electromagnetic energy and converting it into heat. An alternative approach is to use an active absorber, such as the phase-switched screen (PSS), which achieves an apparent reduction in the level of the electromagnetic energy reflected from its surface by using binary phase modulation to redistribute it over a bandwidth which is much wider than that of the receiver. To date, all the reported PSS implementations have used thin active layers consisting of arrays of PIN diode-loaded resonant elements and hence they may be considered as active versions of the Salisbury screen or Jaumann absorber topologies. In this paper, we consider an alternative route to the PSS, based on a medium with switchable material parameters. This may therefore be regarded as an active version of the Dallenbach absorber
Powerline Communication (PLC) through power converter's DC bus: Applicability assessment (2015)

Many applications based on variable speed drives require motors to be installed in remote locations, sometimes even inaccessible. This is the case, for example, in oil extraction on subsea environment and underground mining. This paper aims the proposition of an analysis of the applicability of Power Line Communication, when used for data transmission between the supervisory system and remote systems, in an application based on static frequency converters, using the converter DC link as a transmission medium. For this purpose, computational models for the DC link cable and an experimental prototype on a small scale have been developed, enabling the analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters related to the quality of communication achieved. Finally, the results show that the proposed scheme is feasible, which is a good option for reducing costs and increasing simplicity of installation, particularly in situations where the actuator is located on inaccessible places. The main contribution of this paper is an analysis of PLC remote communication for three-phase motor-inverter drive applications. The high frequency data was modulated into the DC-link power line in order to reduce cost and the proposed method was validated experimentally.
Thermoformable Automotive Composites Containing Kenaf and Other Cellulosic Fibers (2002)

Currently, there is a major upsurge in research on the use of recyclable and biodegrad able materials in manufactured products. This has triggered a need for biodegradable nonwovens for nearly forty automotive interior components, which currently contain traditional materials such as glass and other manufactured fibers and foams that are difficult to recycle. By incorporating agricultural lignocellulosic (bast) fibers such as kenaf, jute, hemp, and flax in the manufacture of automotive nonwovens, their biode gradability can be enhanced. Because of the different densities of kenaf and glass fibers, kenaf-based nonwovens may be lighter than those containing glass fibers, which may lead to lightweight, "green" automotive interiors. Furthermore, preliminary research has shown that several cellulosic-based (kenaf, jute, and other less expensive vegetable/bast fibers) nonwovens are efficient sound absorbers and reduce the noise level in cars. Overall, these nonwovens meet or exceed industry specifications of flammability, odor, mildew, bond strength, drapeability and tensile strength, elongation, and compression properties. In this paper, we briefly describe the fabrication and physical, mechanical, and acoustical properties of needlepunched thermoformable nonwoven fabrics for certain automotive interior applications. These nonwoven fabrics were developed using optimally retted kenaf and jute fibers in various blends with greige cotton, recycled polyester, and off-quality polypropylene. Successful use of kenaf fibers in automotive nonwovens would be environmentally benign and should lead to a considerable expansion in kenaf cultiva tion.
<i>m</i>-Terphenyl-Substituted Amidinates:  Useful Ligands in the Preparation of Robust Aluminum Alkyls (2001)

The syntheses of m-terphenyl-substituted amidines and their corresponding dialkylaluminum amidinate complexes are reported. The amidines are prepared in a one-pot reaction using 2,4,6-triphenylphenyllithium (formed in situ by the reaction of 2,4,6-triphenylphenylbromide with n-butyllithium) with dialkylcarbodiimides (RNCNR, R = cyclohexyl or isopropyl). An aqueous workup of the reaction mixtures results in the formation of sterically demanding amidines 2H and 3H. The amidines react readily with trimethylaluminum to form dialkylaluminum amidinate complexes. Two complexes have been prepared and comprehensively characterized in the solid state using single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In the crystalline state, dialkylaluminum amidinates are robust complexes that can be easily handled in air for short periods of time without noticeable decomposition.
Endothelial dysfunction and metabolic control in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats (1998)

1. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the metabolic control, estimated by the levels of glycosylated haemoglobin in total blood samples (HbA1c), in developing vascular endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of animals with different levels of insulin treatment were established, by determining HbA1c values in 5.5 to 7.4%, 7.5 to 9.4%, 9.5 to 12% and > 12%, respectively. 2. The parameters analysed were: (1) the endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) in isolated aorta and mesenteric microvessels; (2) the vasodilator responses to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) in aorta: and (3) the existence of oxidative stress by studying the influence of the free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the vasodilator responses to both ACh and NO. 3. In both isolated aortic segments and mesenteric microvessels, the endothelium-mediated concentration-dependent relaxant responses elicited by ACh were significantly decreased when the vessels were obtained from diabetic animals but only with HbA1c values higher than 7.5%. There was a high correlation between HbA1c levels and the impairment of ACh-induced relaxations, measured by pD2 values. 4. The concentration-dependent vasorelaxant responses to NO in endothelium-denuded aortic segments were significantly reduced only in vessels from diabetic animals with HbA1c values higher than 7.5%. Again, a very high correlation was found between the HbA1c values and pD2 for NO-evoked responses. 5. In the presence of SOD, the responses to ACh or NO were only increased in the segments from diabetic rats with HbA1c levels higher than 7.5%, but not in those from non-diabetic or diabetic rats with a good metabolic control (HbA1c levels <7.5%). 6. These results suggest the existence of: (1) a close relation between the degree of endothelial dysfunction and the metabolic control of diabetes, estimated by the levels of HbA1c; and (2) an increased production of superoxide anions in the vascular wall of the diabetic rats, which is also related to the metabolic control of the disease.
Uncovering Interactions and Interactors: Joint Estimation of Head, Body Orientation and F-Formations from Surveillance Videos (2015)

We present a novel approach for jointly estimating targets' head, body orientations and conversational groups called F-formations from a distant social scene (e.g., a cocktail party captured by surveillance cameras). Differing from related works that have (i) coupled head and body pose learning by exploiting the limited range of orientations that the two can jointly take, or (ii) determined F-formations based on the mutual head (but not body) orientations of interactors, we present a unified framework to jointly infer both (i) and (ii). Apart from exploiting spatial and orientation relationships, we also integrate cues pertaining to temporal consistency and occlusions, which are beneficial while handling low-resolution data under surveillance settings. Efficacy of the joint inference framework reflects via increased head, body pose and F-formation estimation accuracy over the state-of-the-art, as confirmed by extensive experiments on two social datasets.
<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> affords dose‐dependent protection against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced parkinsonism in rats: neurobehavioural, neurochemical and immunohistochemical evidences (2005)

Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb), a potent antioxidant and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, was evaluated for its anti-parkinsonian effects in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of the disease. Rats were treated with 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg EGb for 3 weeks. On day 21, 2 microL 6-OHDA (10 microg in 0.1% ascorbic acid saline) was injected into the right striatum, while the sham-operated group received 2 microL of vehicle. Three weeks after 6-OHDA injection, rats were tested for rotational behaviour, locomotor activity, and muscular coordination. After 6 weeks, they were killed to estimate the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, to measure activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and to quantify catecholamines, dopamine (DA) D2 receptor binding, and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) fibre density. The increase in drug-induced rotations and deficits in locomotor activity and muscular coordination due to 6-OHDA injections were significantly and dose-dependently restored by EGb. The lesion was followed by an increased generation of TBARS and significant depletion of GSH content in substantia nigra, which was gradually restored with EGb treatment. EGb also dose-dependently restored the activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes, catalase, and SOD in striatum, which had reduced significantly by lesioning. A significant decrease in the level of DA and its metabolites and an increase in the number of dopaminergic D2 receptors in striatum were observed after 6-OHDA injection, both of which were significantly recovered following EGb treatment. Finally, all of these results were exhibited by an increase in the density of TH-IR fibers in the ipsilateral substantia nigra of the lesioned group following treatment with EGb; the lesioning had induced almost a complete loss of TH-IR fibers. Considering our behavioural studies, biochemical analysis, and immunohistochemical observation, we conclude that EGb can be used as a therapeutic approach to check the neuronal loss following parkinsonism.
Immunotherapy for prostate cancer using antigen-loaded antigen-presenting cells: APC8015 (Provenge<sup>®</sup>) (2007)

Dendritic cells are deficient both in number and function in patients with cancer. Loaded dendritic cell therapies aim to overcome this deficiency by delivering antigens to antigen-presenting cells under ex vivo conditions, improving dendritic cell function. APC8015 (Provenge; Dendreon Corp., Seattle, WA) is a novel immunotherapeutic, which consists of autologous dendritic cells pulsed ex vivo with PA2024, a recombinant fusion protein consisting of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and prostatic acid phosphatase, as an immunogenic agent. A Phase III randomized clinical trial has demonstrated a survival benefit in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. This review summarizes the clinical trials using APC8015 in prostate cancer and discusses its future role in the treatment of prostate cancer.