gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified Epoxy Coatings for Corrosion Detection (2016)

An epoxy resin based corrosion sensing coating was prepared by modifying epoxy resin with varying amounts of 1,10-phenanthroline-5-amine. The modified epoxy resins were characterized by spectroscopic methods (Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV-visible spectroscopy) and epoxide content. Thermal analysis of unmodified and modified resins was also performed using thermogravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimeter. These resins were mixed with a hardener and applied on steel specimens. The corrosion sensing property of these resins was studied by immersing the steel specimen coated with modified resins in 3.5% NaCl solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to study the corrosion resistance of the coated specimens. The modified epoxy coatings immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution showed red colored spots at metal/coating interface at an early stage of corrosion. Color change and polarization resistance of coating was correlated to describe the mechanism of corrosion detection. Coating from the point of color change was removed and bare metal was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to reconfirm that the point of color change was the corrosion site. Modified epoxy coating has shown potential to detect the onset of corrosion at an early stage.
High-speed two-dimensional phased-array antenna scanning using acousto-optics (1992)

A novel in-line additive acoustooptic architecture for planar phased arrays is described for two dimensional beam scanning. A concept for an acoustooptic processor is demonstrated in the laboratory, and the required modulo-2 pi phase control is achieved using two control signals. Up to Ku-band operation is possible with this processor.
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of aromatic amines metabolically produced from Azo Dyes (2000)

(2000). Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of aromatic amines metabolically produced from Azo Dyes. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 51-74.
Role of DptE and DptF in the lipidation reaction of daptomycin (2008)

Daptomycin and A21987C antibiotics are branched, cyclic, nonribosomally assembled acidic lipodepsipeptides produced by Streptomyces roseosporus. The antibacterial activity of daptomycin against gram-positive bacteria strongly depends on the nature of the N-terminal fatty acid moiety. Two genes, dptE and dptF, localized upstream of the daptomycin nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes, are thought to be involved in the lipidation of daptomycin. Here we describe the cloning, heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization of the enzymes encoded by these genes. DptE was proven to preferentially activate branched mid- to long-chain fatty acids under ATP consumption, and these fatty acids are subsequently transferred onto DptF, the cognate acyl carrier protein. Additionally, we demonstrate that lipidation of DptF by DptE in trans is based on specific protein-protein interactions, as DptF is favored over other acyl carrier proteins. Study of DptE and DptF may provide useful insights into the lipidation mechanism, and these enzymes may be used to generate novel daptomycin derivatives with altered fatty acids.
Engineering Aspects of a Novel High Efficiency Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine (2002)

A new type of high efficiency reciprocating internal combustion engine, which is predicted to achieve an electrical efficiency of up to 60% on diesel fuel or 58% on natural gas, is described with particular focus on the engineering of its novel components. The so-called isoengine, which is being developed by Innogy plc, involves quasi-isothermal compression of combustion air. In commercial applications it is envisaged that the engine will run at 600 rpm and produce 7 MW of electric power. The engine will also be capable of producing up to 3 MW of heat in the form of hot water, with the electrical efficiency reduced by two percentage points. The engine is intended for distributed and on-site power generation with the option of switchable co-generation of hot water for industrial use or for space heating. A 3 MWe engineering demonstrator is currently under construction.
Mobile IPv6 Handover Using Home Agent Buffering (2008)

In Mobile IPv6, when a Mobile Node (MN) moves from one Access
Router(AR) to another, there is a period during which the MN is unable
to send or receive packets because of link switching delay and IP
protocol operations. This document specifies a mechanism which
enhances Mobile IPv6 protocol signaling to support the creation of a
transient binding cache entry in a Home Agent (HA) which is used for
buffering downlink packets during this period.
Strong coupling in hyperbolic metamaterials (2014)

Nanoscale light-matter interaction in the weak-coupling regime has been achieved with unique hyperbolic metamaterial modes possessing a high density of states. Here, we show strong coupling between intersubband transitions (ISBTs) of a multiple quantum well (MQW) slab and the bulk polariton modes of a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM). These HMM modes have large wave vectors (high-$k$ modes) and are normally evanescent in conventional materials. We analyze a metal-dielectric practical multilayer HMM structure consisting of a highly doped semiconductor acting as a metallic layer and an active multiple quantum well dielectric slab. We observe delocalized metamaterial mode interaction with the active materials distributed throughout the structure. Strong coupling and characteristic anticrossing with a maximum Rabi splitting (RS) energy of up to 52 meV is predicted between the high-$k$ mode of the HMM and the ISBT, a value approximately 10.5 times greater than the ISBT linewidth and 4.5 times greater than the material loss of the structure. The scalability and tunability of the RS energy in an active semiconductor metamaterial device have potential applications in quantum well infrared photodetectors and intersubband light-emitting devices.
513 Mbit/s Visible Light Communications Link Based on DMT-Modulation of a White LED (2010)

We report a visible-light wireless point-to-point communication link operating at 513 Mbit/s gross transmission rate (net Mbit/s). The bit-error ratio of the uncoded data was smaller than for an illumination level of lx. The link was based on a commercial thin-film high-power phosphorescent white LED, an avalanche photo diode, and off-line signal processing of discrete multitone signals. Quadrature-amplitude modulation, bit- and power-loading, as well as symmetrical clipping were successfully employed in pushing the gross transmission rate beyond 500 Mbit/s. Adaptation of the clipping level increased the data rate only by 2%, while simulations predicted an enhancement of 20%. Obstacles towards higher data rates as well as potential remedies are discussed. We predicted that data rates of over 1 Gbit/s can be achieved with the same setup and under the same experimental conditions if these obstacles are overcome.
Antibody responses to hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1: Evidence for cross-reactivity and immune-mediated sequence variation (1999)

Sequence heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is unevenly distributed along the genome, and maximal variation is confined to a short sequence of the HCV second envelope glycoprotein (E2), designated hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), whose biological function is still undefined. We prospectively studied serological responses to synthetic oligopeptides derived from HVR1 sequences of patients with acute and chronic HCV infection obtained at baseline and after a defined follow-up period. Extensive serological cross-reactivity for unrelated HVR1 peptides was observed in the majority of the patients. Antibody response was restricted to the IgG1 isotype and was focused on the carboxyterminal end of the HVR1 region. Cross-reactive antibodies could be readily elicited following immunization of mice with multiple antigenic peptides carrying HVR1 sequences derived from our patients. The vigor and heterogeneity of cross-reactive antibody responses were significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatitis compared with those with acute hepatitis and in patients infected with HCV type 2 compared with patients infected with other viral genotypes (predominantly type 1), which suggest that higher time-related HVR1 sequence diversification previously described for type 2 may result from immune selection. The finding of a statistically significant correlation between HVR1 sequence variation, and intensity, and cross-reactivity of humoral immune responses provided stronger evidence in support of the contention that HCV variant selection is driven by the host's immune pressure.
The Central Melanocortin System Can Directly Regulate Serum Insulin Levels* (2000)

The central melanocortin system has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in energy homeostasis. Genetic disruption of this system causes obesity in both humans and mice. Previous experiments have shown that centrally-administered melanocortin agonists inhibit food intake and stimulate oxygen consumption. Here we report that centrally-administered melanocortin agonists also inhibit basal insulin release, and alter glucose tolerance. Furthermore, increased plasma insulin levels occur in the young lean MC4-R knockout (MC4-RKO) mouse, and impaired insulin tolerance takes place before the onset of detectable hyperphagia or obesity. These data suggest that the central melanocortin system regulates not only energy intake and expenditure, but also processes related to energy partitioning, as indicated by effects on insulin release and peripheral insulin responsiveness. Previous studies emphasize the role of excess adipose mass in the development of tissue insulin resistance, leading to type II diabetes. The data presented here show that defects in the central control of glucose homeostasis may be an additional factor in some types of obesity-associated type II diabetes.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME 9‐β‐D‐ARABINOFURANOSYLPURINES BY A COMBINATION OF CHEMICAL AND ENZYMIC REACTIONS (1980)

Abstract Uridin (I) liefert in bekannter Weise das Anomere (II), das enzymatisch mit den Purinen (III) zu (IV) austauscht.
Accelerated Testing of Polarization-Tracking Receiver Using Polarization Scrambler with Peaked Speed Distribution (2016)

We investigate speed distributions of rotating-waveplate polarization scramblers and choose peaked ones for experimental testing of an optical polarization tracker, accelerated up to 100 times over customary ones. Coherent receivers profit from the same procedure.
Determination of the Role of Target Tissue Metabolism in Lung Carcinogenesis Using Conditional Cytochrome <i>P</i> 450 Reductase-Null Mice (2007)

Critical to mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis and the design of chemopreventive strategies is whether procarcinogen bioactivation in an extrahepatic target tissue (e.g., the lung) is essential for tumor formation. This study aims to develop a mouse model capable of revealing the role of pulmonary microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated metabolic activation in xenobiotic-induced lung cancer. A novel triple transgenic mouse model, with the NADPH-P450 reductase (Cpr) gene deleted in a lung-specific and doxycycline-inducible fashion (lung-Cpr-null), was generated. CPR, the obligate electron donor for microsomal P450 enzymes, is essential for the bioactivation of many procarcinogens. The lung-Cpr-null mouse was studied to resolve whether pulmonary P450 plays a major role in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung cancer by producing carcinogenic metabolites in the target tissue. A liver-Cpr-null mouse was also studied to test whether hepatic P450 contributes predominantly to systemic clearance of NNK, thereby decreasing NNK-induced lung cancer. The numbers of NNK-induced lung tumors were reduced in the lung-Cpr-null mice but were increased in the liver-Cpr-null mice, relative to wild-type control mice. Decreased lung tumor multiplicity in the lung-Cpr-null mice correlated with reduced lung O6-methylguanine adduct levels, without decreases in NNK bioavailability, consistent with decreased NNK bioactivation in the lung. Moreover, lung tumors in lung-Cpr-null mice were positive for CPR expression, indicating that the tumors did not originate from Cpr-null cells. Thus, we have confirmed the essential role of pulmonary P450-mediated metabolic activation in NNK-induced lung cancer, and our mouse models should be applicable to studies on other procarcinogens that require P450-mediated metabolic activation.
Computer Generated Pyrolysis Modeling: On-the-Fly Generation of Species, Reactions, and Rates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer Generated Pyrolysis Modeling: On-the-Fly Generation of Species, Reactions, and RatesLinda J. Broadbelt, Scott M. Stark, and Michael T. KleinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 4, 790–799Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00028a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00028a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1411Altmetric-Citations245LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies in chemically modified celluloses. IX. Oxidation of cellulose in the presence of chelating agents (1976)

Oxidation of cotton cellulose with potassium dichromate–sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, and sodium hypochlorite in the presence and absence of chelating agents (ethylenediamineteteraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid) at 30°C (for 1, 2, and 3 hr) has been studied with respect to the extent of decomposition of the oxidant on the one hand and the changes in the copper number, carboxyl value, and cuprammonium fluidity of cellulose on the other. The effects of chlorous acid and sodium borohydride treatments on these properties have also been studied. Chelating agents are shown to protect cellulose during the oxidation, and EDTA is more effective in this respect.
Thyristors and rectifier diodes-the semiconductor workhorses (1967)

Power semiconductor devices have become one of the main bridges between the electrical and electronic equipment technologies. They are being used increasingly in every phase of generation, distribution, and consumption of electric power. This article surveys the various types of components, their applications, and the outlook for the future. The stress is on thyristors and silicon rectifier diodes, which exhibit electrical characteristics that are uniquely tailored to ac utility power systems.
Encyclopedia of ocean sciences (2002)

of Ocean Sciences is the most current, authoritative, and comprehensive resource on the science of the oceans. This ambitious work includes contributions from leading scientists around the world on the physical processes that drive the oceans and the chemical, biological, and geological disciplines. The also covers ancillary topics such as ocean technology, law of the oceans, global programs, marine policy, the use of the oceans for food and energy, and the impact of pollution and climate changes. The many different methods used to study the oceans are covered, from ship-based systems to satellite remote sensing. Users will enjoy easy access to more than 400 articles, each approximately 3000-4000 words in length with further reading lists and extensive cross referencing. Each article provides comprehensive coverage of a particular topic, and is designed for a wide audience of students, academics, researchers, and professionals. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest technical information. It presents 402 original articles covering all the physical, chemical and biological aspects of ocean science. It brings together classic scientific theories with the newest discoveries, technologies, and applications. It is written by the world's leading researchers and developed by a prestigious editorial board. It makes information easy to find with an intuitive format, extensive cross references, further reading lists, and complete index. It is illustrated with more than 1900 figures and full color throughout. It is developed alongside each other, the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences together with the Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences provide readers a with comprehensive resource, and a link between these two fields.
Oxygen-Generating Photo-Cross-Linkable Hydrogels Support Cardiac Progenitor Cell Survival by Reducing Hypoxia-Induced Necrosis (2016)

Oxygen is essential to cell survival and tissue function. Not surprisingly, ischemia resulting from myocardial infarction induces cell death and tissue necrosis. Attempts to regenerate myocardial tissue with cell based therapies exacerbate the hypoxic stress by further increasing the metabolic burden. In consequence, implanted tissue engineered cardiac tissues suffer from hypoxia-induced cell death. Here, we report on the generation of oxygen-generating hydrogels composed of calcium peroxide (CPO) laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). CPO-GelMA hydrogels released significant amounts of oxygen for over a period of 5 days under hypoxic conditions (1% O<sub>2</sub>). The released oxygen proved sufficient to relieve the metabolic stress of cardiac side population cells that were encapsulated within CPO-GelMA hydrogels. In particular, incorporation of CPO in GelMA hydrogels strongly enhanced cell viability as compared to GelMA-only hydrogels. Importantly, CPO-based oxygen generation reduced cell death by limiting hypoxia-induced necrosis. The current study demonstrates that CPO based oxygen-generating hydrogels could be used to transiently provide oxygen to cardiac cells under ischemic conditions. Therefore, oxygen generating materials such as CPO-GelMA can improve cell-based therapies aimed at treatment or regeneration of infarcted myocardial tissue.
Postural change of intraocular and blood pressures in ocular hypertension and low tension glaucoma. (1991)

The effect of body position on the intraocular and blood pressures of normal volunteers and of patients with ocular hypertension and low tension glaucoma was studied. Changing from the sitting to the supine position increased the intraocular pressure by an average of 4.4 (SD 2.0) mm Hg in the control group, 4.0 (SD 2.0) mm Hg in the ocular hypertension group, and 4.1 (SD 1.8 mm Hg) in the low-tension glaucoma group. After 30 minutes in the supine position the intraocular pressure in normal volunteers and patients with low tension glaucoma remained stable. In contrast patients with ocular hypertension showed a further significant increase in intraocular pressure of 1.6 (SD 2.8) mm Hg (p = 0.004). This was accompanied by an equally significant decrease in blood pressure (p less than 0.001). We believe that these are manifestations of different mechanism of intraocular pressure regulation between these groups.
High Speed Magnetooptical Measurements on Films (1960)

An electronic strobing magnetooptical apparatus has been developed which makes it possible to observe the magnetization reversal process in thin films with reversal taking place in 1 μsec. Reversal takes place in a non-uniform manner starting at film edges and imperfections.
Horizontal Saccade Dynamics across the Human Life Span (2006)

Age affected saccadic latency, accuracy, and velocity. For each parameter there was a different pattern of development and decline probably related to the way in which the portion of the brain that controls each function develops and ages.
Estimation of methane discharge from a plume: A case of landfill (1993)

The distribution of atmospheric methane concentrations downwind of a landfill was measured by a continuous measuring system equipped with a flame ionization detector. The observed data show dispersion of the methane plume emitted from the landfill. On the basis of an atmospheric diffusion model, the methane emission rate of 3‐5×10 8 g/day was estimated for this 2×10 6 m² landfill.
One- and Two-Particle Microrheology (2000)

We study the dynamics of rigid spheres embedded in viscoelastic media and address two questions of importance to microrheology. First, we calculate the complete response to an external force of a single bead in a homogeneous elastic network viscously coupled to an incompressible fluid. From this response function we find the frequency range where the standard assumptions of microrheology are valid. Second, we study fluctuations when embedded spheres perturb the media around them and show that mutual fluctuations of two separated spheres provide a more accurate determination of the complex shear modulus than do the fluctuations of a single sphere.
Targeting of platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 determines systemic reaction and bleeding in murine thrombocytopenia regulated by activating and inhibitory FcgammaR (2003)

Previous work on cellular destruction induced by several clinically relevant anti-platelet IgG antibodies suggested antigen-specific mechanisms in the development of immune thrombocytopenia in mice. mAb directed against mouse platelet GPIbalpha and integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) were highly pathogenic, and mediated their effects via different Fc-dependent (alpha(IIb)beta(3)) and Fc-independent (GPIbalpha) pathways, indicating that clearance of IgG-bound platelets is only one event in the pathogenesis of murine thrombocytopenia. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to thrombocytopenia, targeting of platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) results in acute systemic reaction and bleeding that is regulated by activating IgG Fc receptors (FcgammaR) and the inhibitory FcgammaRII. As shown by electron microscopy, anti-alpha(IIb)beta(3) IgG mediated initial loss of alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin from platelet surfaces followed by rapid accumulation of alpha(IIb)beta(3) antibody-containing immune complex (IC)-like structures in spleen and liver in vivo. In FcRgamma chain deficiency, mice resisted bleeding, but not platelet destruction, while genetic ablation of FcgammaRII resulted in uncontrolled systemic reaction and severe hemorrhage leading to enhanced mortality. Together, these results provide evidence that IC formation and engagement of FcgammaR on effector cells determines the alpha(IIb)beta(3)-specific part of the platelet pathology of the systemic reaction and bleeding in murine thrombocytopenia.
Erratum: Determination of effective surface recombination velocity and minority carrier lifetime in high efficiency Si solar cells [J. Appl. Phys. <b>5</b> <b>4</b>, 238 (1983)] (1983)

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