gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Accuracy of Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing and Extending Its Application to Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance for the Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes (2006)

Certain alternative OGTT indexes appear to better predict type 1 diabetes than standard OGTT indexes in ICA-positive relatives of type 1 diabetic patients. Moreover, even among those with normal glucose tolerance, OGTTs are strongly predictive. This suggests that subtle metabolic abnormalities are present several years before the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
AtVAM3 is Required for Normal Specification of Idioblasts, Myrosin Cells (2005)

Myrosin cells in Capparales plants are idioblasts that accumulate thioglucoside glucohydrolase (TGG, also called myrosinase), which hydrolyzes glucosinolates to produce toxic compounds for repelling pests. Here, we show that AtVAM3 is involved in development of myrosin cells. It has been shown that yeast VAM3 is a Q(a)-SNARE that is involved in vesicle transport of vacuolar proteins and vacuolar assembly. We found that two Arabidopsis atvam3 alleles, atvam3-3 and atvam3-4/ssm, accumulate large amounts of TGG1 and TGG2 that are enzymatically active. An immunogold analysis revealed that TGGs were specifically localized in the vacuole of myrosin cells in atvam3 mutants. This result indicates that TGGs are normally transported to vacuoles in these mutants and that AtVAM3 is not essential for vacuolar transport of the proteins. We developed a staining method with Coomassie brilliant blue that detects myrosin cells in whole leaves by their high TGG content. This method showed that atvam3 leaves have a larger number of myrosin cells than do wild-type leaves. Myrosin cells were scattered along leaf veins in wild-type leaves, while they were abnormally distributed in atvam3 leaves. The mutants developed a network of myrosin cells throughout the leaves: myrosin cells were not only distributed continuously along leaf veins, but were also observed independent of leaf veins. The excess of myrosin cells in atvam3 mutants might be responsible for the abnormal abundance of TGGs and the reduction of elongation of inflorescence stems and leaves in these mutants. Our results suggest that AtVAM3 has a plant-specific function in development of myrosin cells.
Long‐term effects of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis colonized with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1989)

Twenty-seven patients with cystic fibrosis and endobronchial colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were randomly assigned to inhale either 2 mL saline (12 patients) or 80 mg tobramycin solution (15 patients) 3 times daily. One control patient died; all others completed the study (mean duration 32 months). No significant differences were found between the two groups at enrollment. The treatment group showed no change, while the control group had a significant decline in both pulmonary function and clinical status over the study period. Individually, 11 of 12 patients in the control group showed deterioration, while 9 of 15 in the treatment group with susceptible P. aeruginosa at enrollment acquired resistant organisms. There was no evidence of significant nephro- or ototoxicity. Although inhaled tobramycin appeared to arrest the decline in pulmonary status, further work is required to identify patients most likely to respond.
Ultrastructural investigation of the meningeal compartment of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid-barrier in rats and cats. A horseradish peroxidase study. (1990)

The permeability of the meningeal blood vessels and cellular layers to horseradish peroxidase was studied 5, 10 and 15 minutes following intravasal or intraarachnoidal introduction of the marker. When applied intravasally, the horseradish peroxidase-containing solution easily passed through the walls of all meningeal vessels (dural, pial and the ones traversing the arachnoid space). The cells of the inner dural layer and dural neurotheliun delay the penetration of horseradish peroxidase into the cerebrospinal fluid-filled arachnoid space by 10 min--rats and 15 min--cats. The perivascular leptomeningeal cells and their processes restrict the passage of the marker into the arachnoid space in a similar way. These barrier functions of the leptomeningeal cells and the cells that comprise the interface zone between dura mater and the arachnoid are confirmed by experiments where the marker was injected into the arachnoid space.
Alternative translation start sites and hidden coding potential of eukaryotic mRNAs (2008)

It is widely suggested that a eukaryotic mRNA typically contains one translation start site and encodes a single functional protein product. However, according to current points of view on translation initiation mechanisms, eukaryotic ribosomes can recognize several alternative translation start sites and the number of experimentally verified examples of alternative translation is growing rapidly. Also, the frequent occurrence of alternative translation events and their functional significance are supported by the results of computational evaluations. The functional role of alternative translation and its contribution to eukaryotic proteome complexity are discussed.
Dystonia rating scales: Critique and recommendations (2013)

Many rating scales have been applied to the evaluation of dystonia, but only few have been assessed for clinimetric properties. The Movement Disorders Society commissioned this task force to critique existing dystonia rating scales and place them in the clinical and clinimetric context. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify rating scales that have either been validated or used in dystonia. Thirty-six potential scales were identified. Eight were excluded because they did not meet review criteria, leaving 28 scales that were critiqued and rated by the task force. Seven scales were found to meet criteria to be "recommended": the Blepharospasm Disability Index is recommended for rating blepharospasm; the Cervical Dystonia Impact Scale and the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale for rating cervical dystonia; the Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire for blepharospasm and cervical dystonia; the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the Vocal Performance Questionnaire (VPQ) for laryngeal dystonia; and the Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale for rating generalized dystonia. Two "recommended" scales (VHI and VPQ) are generic scales validated on few patients with laryngeal dystonia, whereas the others are disease-specific scales. Twelve scales met criteria for "suggested" and 7 scales met criteria for "listed." All the scales are individually reviewed in the online information. The task force recommends 5 specific dystonia scales and suggests to further validate 2 recommended generic voice-disorder scales in dystonia. Existing scales for oromandibular, arm, and task-specific dystonia should be refined and fully assessed. Scales should be developed for body regions for which no scales are available, such as lower limbs and trunk.
Benefit Bundle Analysis (2000)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> This paper is one of 18 selected by the Editorial Review Board of The Journal of Advertising Research to be a ‘classic’ - an article that has withstood the test of time. First published in 1972, the authors discuss how product and service benefit analysis can assist in market segmentation. Specifically it covers the question of quantifying benefit importance, and introduces the concept of benefit bundle analysis (as an extension to conjoint and other trade-off utility models).
Quantum cascade laser progress and outlook (2004)

Recent progress and outlook in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in the mid- to far-infrared wavelength range (3.6-16 μm) are reviewed. Our recent work has focused on the development of high-power continuous-wave (CW) QCLs emitting in wavelengths of 4.3-6.3 μm at room temperature and above. For λ~6 μm, advanced heterostructure geometries, including the use of a thick electroplated gold, epilayer-side heat sink lead to the first remarkable high-power CW QCL performance above room temperature, and a buried-ridge heterostructure are demonstrated to improve significantly laser performance (<i>i.e.</i>, 579 mW at 298 K and operation up to 343 K) when combined with narrow laser ridges. Through re-engineering the optimized strain-balanced design, a similar excellent operation is achieved at 4.3-6.3μm. The pulse operations of the shorter wavelength (3.6-4 μm) and the long wavelength (8-16 μm) QCLs at room temperature are also demonstrated. Lastly, these results are put in the perspective of other reported results and possible future directions are discussed.
Synthesis, Steady-State, and Femtosecond Transient Absorption Studies of Resorcinol Bound Ruthenium(II)- and Osmium(II)-polypyridyl Complexes on Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Surface in Water (2013)

The synthesis of two new ruthenium(II)- and osmium(II)-polypyridyl complexes 3 and 4, respectively, with resorcinol as the enediol anchoring moiety, is described. Steady-state photochemical and electrochemical studies of the two sensitizer dyes confirm strong binding of the dyes to TiO2 in water. Femtosecond transient absorption studies have been carried out on the dye–TiO2 systems in water to reveal <120 fs and 1.5 ps electron injection times along with 30% slower back electron transfer time for the ruthenium complex 3. However, the corresponding osmium complex 4 shows strikingly different behavior for which only a <120 fs ultrafast injection is observed. Most remarkably, the back electron transfer is faster as compared to the corresponding catechol analogue of the dye. The origin and the consequences of such profound effects on the ultrafast interfacial dynamics are discussed. This Article on the electron transfer dynamics of the aforesaid systems reinforces the possibility of resorcinol being explored and developed as an extremely efficient binding moiety for use in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Protein digestion in pigs measured in vitro (1990)

In vitro determination of protein digestibility by treating feedstuffs with pepsin-HCl respectively with pepsin and trypsin yields results that differ considerably from the ileal protein digestibility figures. Comparable results for N and lysine are received when the largest polypeptides in the solution obtained after peptic and tryptic treatment are precipitated with copper hydroxide.
REVIEWS (1959)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Les Prophètes et le culte à partir de l'exil. By Th. CHARY. Pp. x+314. (Bibliothèque de Théologie, série III: Thé ologie Biblique, vol. 3. ) Paris: Desclée & Cie, 1955. Frs. belges 150. A. R. JOHNSON A. R. JOHNSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume X, Issue 1, April 1959, Pages 106–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/X.1.106 Published: 01 April 1959
Higher-Order Loudspeakers and Active Compensation for Improved 2D Sound Field Reproduction in Rooms (2015)

A prototype 2D surround sound system was developed to investigate the use of higher order loudspeakers and active compensation to both eliminate unwanted reflections and to improve spatial accuracy in semi-reverberant rooms. The loudspeakers, and the calibration microphone, were cylindrical designs as these are lower cost than spherical designs and better suited to 2D reproduction. This paper presents the cylindrical coordinate based theory for the calibration of the system, a description of the transducers and processing system, and experimental results obtained using a sound reproduction system consisting of five thirdorder loudspeakers. Approximately anechoic reproduction is achieved over a radius exceeding 90 mm and over a frequency range up to 8 kHz.
Growth factor–induced shedding of syndecan-1 confers glypican-1 dependence on mitogenic responses of cancer cells (2005)

The cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) glypican-1 is up-regulated by pancreatic and breast cancer cells, and its removal renders such cells insensitive to many growth factors. We sought to explain why the cell surface HSPG syndecan-1, which is also up-regulated by these cells and is a known growth factor coreceptor, does not compensate for glypican-1 loss. We show that the initial responses of these cells to the growth factor FGF2 are not glypican dependent, but they become so over time as FGF2 induces shedding of syndecan-1. Manipulations that retain syndecan-1 on the cell surface make long-term FGF2 responses glypican independent, whereas those that trigger syndecan-1 shedding make initial FGF2 responses glypican dependent. We further show that syndecan-1 shedding is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), which, being anchored to cells by HSPGs, also causes its own release in a complex with syndecan-1 ectodomains. These results support a specific role for shed syndecan-1 or MMP7-syndecan-1 complexes in tumor progression and add to accumulating evidence that syndecans and glypicans have nonequivalent functions in vivo.
Dehumidification of Air by Chemical Liquid Desiccant in a Packed Column and Its Heat and Mass Transfer Effectiveness (2006)

Abstract The pressure drop, carryover, leak, and corrosion in traditional liquid desiccant dehumidification towers are of serious concern in real applications, especially when using tri ethylene glycol (TEG) as a desiccant. In this study the cellulose rigid media pads are used as the packing for its low pressure drop. A special coated material is used to prevent corrosion and leakage problems. The packing arrangement minimized solution carryover. The alternative method that can be used to predict the dehumidifier outlet conditions is the effectiveness method. Theoretical and experimental studies of the simultaneous heat and mass transfer to evaluate the effectiveness of the packed dehumidifier are conducted. The model predictions are compared with the experimental results with very good agreement. Through the experimental study of the dehumidifier, important design variables that affect the effectiveness are defined and compared with the correlations reported by previous studies. The previous correlations are assessed and the errors are reported.
Issues in the Processing of Cuprate Ceramic Superconductors (1989)

A number of the important issues in the processing of dense, superconducting ceramics are addressed and illustrated with examples drawn from our studies of the processing of yttrium barium cuprate. Among the phenomena affecting the attainment of dense, fully superconducting materials are those common to the processing of other ceramics, namely, control of composition, prevention of microcracking, adequate time for the decomposition, and escape of intermediaries prior to surface densification (the so‐called “binder burn‐off” problem). Additional requirements include the necessity to ensure complete oxygenation throughout the microstructure for full volume superconductivity and the control of texture development for maximizing the attainable transport critical current density. On the basis of the processing issues described, it is concluded that the optimum microstructure is one having finescale, interconnected porosity (to ensure escape of carbonate‐like species and subsequent, rapid oxygenation) with a fine grain size (∼1 μm) to avoid microcracking.
The Social Theories of Ageing (2004)

In this article, Dr A B Michael and Dr B Roe present a selection of social theroes of ageing relevant to all clinicians practising geriatric medicine. These theories shed light on how older people understand themselves and others, and how they see and are seen by society. This insight is essential for a deeper understanding of the older patient, exploration of the impact of social factors on older life, and is an important part of clinical practice.
Diameter scalability of rolled-up In(Ga)As/GaAs nanotubes (2002)

Free-standing nanotubes are formed by rolling-up InGaAs/GaAs bilayers on a GaAs substrate. We present a systematic study of the tube diameter as a function of bilayer thicknesses. In our study we take into account that 2–4 monolayers of the top GaAs layer are consumed due to oxidation during the overall tube formation process. We find that a macroscopic continuum mechanical model can well describe the diameter of the nanotubes from 80 nm to 600 nm for nearly symmetric layers and from 21 nm to 550 nm for asymmetric bilayers. For thin symmetric layers the diameter is slightly smaller than predicted by theory. We find that the growth temperature significantly influences the nanotube diameter.
Combined targeting of histone deacetylases and hedgehog signaling enhances cytoxicity in pancreatic cancer (2009)

Combined targeting of distinct cellular signaling mechanisms may improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of therapy in pancreatic cancer. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) control cellular functions through epigenetic modulation, and HDACs inhibitors suppress cell growth in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates the development of the pancreas, and aberrant Hh signaling promotes the initiation and progression of pancreatic neoplasia. We hypothesize that HDACs and the Hh pathway cooperatively interact to regulate cellular proliferation of the exocrine pancreas. A combination of the HDAC inhibitor SAHA and the Smoothened antagonist SANT-1 was evaluated for their ability to suppress growth of the Gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines Panc-1 and BxPC-3. The combination of SAHA and SANT-1 supra-additively suppressed cellular proliferation and colony formation. Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that enhanced induction of apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase, and ductal epithelial differentiation are involved. Cell death was associated with nuclear localization of survivin, increased bax expression, and activation of caspases 3 and 7. Consistent with the cell cycle arrest and cytodifferentiation, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(waf) and p27(kip1) were upregulated, and cyclin D1 downregulated. The potentiated anti-proliferative effect by the combination of SAHA and SANT-1 may involve cooperative suppression of the Hh pathway activity, as shown by the upregulation of HHIP by SAHA, and enhanced repression of of Ptc-1 mRNA expression. In summary, we have developed a molecular target-based therapeutic approach that overcomes chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells by chemically inhibiting HDACs and Hh signaling in combination.
Compression of weighted graphs (2011)

We propose to compress weighted graphs (networks), motivated by the observation that large networks of social, biological, or other relations can be complex to handle and visualize. In the process also known as graph simplification, nodes and (unweighted) edges are grouped to supernodes and superedges, respectively, to obtain a smaller graph. We propose models and algorithms for weighted graphs. The interpretation (i.e. decompression) of a compressed, weighted graph is that a pair of original nodes is connected by an edge if their supernodes are connected by one, and that the weight of an edge is approximated to be the weight of the superedge. The compression problem now consists of choosing supernodes, superedges, and superedge weights so that the approximation error is minimized while the amount of compression is maximized.
The Development of Young Children's Spatial Representations of Their Classrooms (1977)

SIEGEL, ALEXANDER, W., and SCHADLER, MARGARET. The Development of Young Children's Spatial Representations of Their Classrooms. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 388-394. In an attempt to assess the development of young children's internal representations of large-scale space, 15 boys and 15 girls were asked to construct a 3-dimensional model of their kindergarten classroom. 3 groups of 10 children were tested, 2 in the spring and 1 in the following fall. 1 of the groups of children tested in the spring was given 4 accurately laced landmarks prior to their model construction. Constructions were scored on the bases of absolute accuracy (the accuracy with which items were placed relative to their absolute position in the classroom), local relational accuracy (accuracy of item placement relative to items adjacent to it), and global relational accuracy (accuracy with which clusters of items were placed relative to other clusters). On all 3 measures, the accuracy of the boys was greater than that of the girls. Increased experience in the classroom significantly increased the children's absolute accuracy but had relatively little effect on their local relational and global relational accuracy. The provision of landmarks enhanced the children's local relational and global relational accuracy but had no effect on absolute accuracy. These effects were found to be independent of maturational factors alone. Results are discussed in the context of current theories of spatial representation.
A dynamic importance sampling methodology for the efficient estimation of rare event probabilities in regenerative simulations of queueing systems (2003)

Importance sampling (IS) is recognized as a potentially powerful method for reducing simulation runtimes when estimating the probabilities of rare events in communication systems using Monte Carlo simulation. When simulating networks of queues, regenerative techniques must be used to make the application of IS feasible and efficient. The application of regenerative techniques is also crucial in obtaining correct confidence intervals for the estimates involved. The authors present a methodology that uses IS dynamically, within each regeneration cycle, to drive the system back to the regeneration state, after an accurate estimate has been obtained. They also extend a technique developed earlier for finding near-optimal biasing parameters for link simulations to discrete-event simulations of queuing systems. The combination of these techniques was demonstrated by estimating blocking probabilities for the M/M/1/K, M/D/1/K, and GI/D/1/K queues. Improvement factors of thirteen to fourteen orders of magnitude were obtained for these examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sixty Alleles of the <i>ALS7</i> Open Reading Frame in <i>Candida albicans</i>: <i>ALS7</i> Is a Hypermutable Contingency Locus (2003)

The ALS (agglutinin-like sequence) gene family encodes proteins that play a role in adherence of the yeast Candida albicans to endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are proposed as virulence factors for this important fungal pathogen of humans. We analyzed 66 C. albicans strains, representing a worldwide collection of 266 infection-causing isolates, and discovered 60 alleles of the ALS7 open reading frame (ORF). Differences between alleles were largely caused by rearrangements of repeat elements in the so-called tandem repeat domain (21 different types occurred) and the VASES region (19 different types). C. albicans is diploid, and combinations of ALS7 alleles generated 49 different genotypes. ALS7 expression was detected in samples isolated directly from five oral candidosis patients. ORFs in the opposite direction contained within the ALS7 ORF were also transcribed in all strains tested. Isolates representing a more pathogenic general-purpose genotype (GPG) cluster of strains tended to have more tandem repeats than other strains. Two types of VASES regions were largely exclusive to GPG strains; the remaining types were largely exclusive to noncluster strains. Our results provide evidence that ALS7 is a hypermutable contingency locus and important for the success of C. albicans as an opportunistic pathogen of humans.
Implications of the Study of Body Types for Physical Education (1948)

(1948). Implications of the Study of Body Types for Physical Education. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 241-297.