gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2,6-diaryl-4H-thiopyran-4-ones (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2,6-diaryl-4H-thiopyran-4-onesNeil W. Boaz and Kristine M. FoxCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 11, 3042–3045Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00063a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00063a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inlet Ionization: A New Highly Sensitive Approach for Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Small and Large Molecules (2011)

Inlet ionization is a new approach for ionizing both small and large molecules in solids or liquid solvents with high sensitivity. The utility of solvent based inlet ionization mass spectrometry (MS) as a method for analysis of volatile and nonvolatile compounds eluting from a liquid chromatography (LC) column is demonstrated. This new LC/MS approach uses reverse phase solvent systems common to electrospray ionization MS. The first LC/MS analyses using this novel approach produced sharp chromatographic peaks and good quality full mass range mass spectra for over 25 peptides from injection of only 1 pmol of a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin using an eluent flow rate of 55 μL min(-1). Similarly, full acquisition LC/MS/MS of the MH(+) ion of the drug clozapine, using the same solvent flow rate, produced a signal-to-noise ratio of 54 for the major fragment ion with injection of only 1 μL of a 2 ppb solution. LC/MS results were acquired on two different manufacturer's mass spectrometers using a Waters Corporation NanoAcquity liquid chromatograph.
NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from rat liver: purification by affinity chromatography and characterization (1977)

(NADPH)-cytochrome P-450 reductase was purified to apparent homogeneity by a procedure utilizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The purified flavoprotein has a molecular weight of 79 700 and catalyzes cytochrome P-450 dependent drug metabolism, as well as reduction of exogenous electron acceptors. Aerobic titration of cytochrome P-450 reductase with NADPH indicates that an air-stable reduced form of the enzyme is generated by the addition of 0.5 mol of NADPH per mole of flavin, as judged by spectral characteristics. Further addition of NADPH causes no other changes in the absorbance spectrum. A Km value for NADPH of 5 micron was observed when either cytochrome P-450 or cytochrome c was employed as electron acceptor. A Km value of 8 +/- 2 micron was determined for cytochrome c and a Km of 0.09 +/- 0.01 micron was estimated for cytochrome P-450.
Cooperation in lovers: An fNIRS-based hyperscanning study (2016)

This study investigated interactive exchange in lovers and the associated interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning. Three types of female-male dyads, lovers, friends, and strangers, performed a cooperation task during which brain activity was recorded in right frontoparietal regions. We measured better cooperative behavior in lover dyads compared with friend and stranger dyads. Lover dyads demonstrated increased IBS in right superior frontal cortex, which also covaried with their task performance. Granger causality analyses in lover dyads revealed stronger directional synchronization from females to males than from males to females, suggesting different roles for females and males during cooperation. Our study refines the theoretical explanation of romantic interaction between lovers. Hum Brain Mapp 38:831-841, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetostatic Surface Wave Oscillators and Resonators (1978)

Result about different types of microwave components using magnetostatic surface waves (MSSW) are reported. The waves have been propagated in an epitaxial yitrium iron garnet (YIG) film at GHz frequencies. In a first section, the design and experimental data of delay line oscillators are given. The second section is devoted to a two-port resonator which has been implemented with two periodic etched groove gratings as distributed reflectors for MSSW. The frequency response, the tunability and the Q value are reported.
Does cesarean section protect against intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants? (1991)

A declining incidence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PV-IVH) in preterm infants less than 35 weeks' gestational age during the years 1980 through 1987 led us to investigate the role of the route of delivery. Routine cephalic ultrasound was used to detect PV-IVH in 490 vaginal and 411 cesarean section deliveries. A lower incidence of all PV-IVH and severe PV-IVH was noted in cesarean section deliveries for each 2-year period, with a decline in all PV-IVH in vaginal and cesarean section deliveries from 39% and 31%, respectively, in 1980-1981 to 23% and 11% in 1986-1987. Striking differences were noted for infants less than 1500 g, less than 1000 g, or less than 27 weeks' gestation. For example, in infants less than 1000 g, the incidence of all PV-IVH was 52% in vaginal (n = 101) and 25% in cesarean section deliveries (n = 88), and of severe PV-IVH was 26% and 11%, respectively. These differences did not seem to be influenced by presence or absence of labor, breech presentation, or low Apgar scores. Route of delivery should be considered as an important variable in pharmacologic intervention studies.
The Bakerian Lecture. Experiments and calculations relative to physical optics (1803)

Thomas Young's article The Bakerian Lecture: Experiments and Calculations Relative to Physical Optics, published in 1804, stands as a cornerstone in the history of physics, particularly in the development of wave theory of light. In this work, Young presented a series of groundbreaking experiments that challenged the prevailing particle theory of light. His most notable experiment, the double-slit experiment, demonstrated that light exhibits interference patterns, a clear indicator of its wave-like nature. This discovery contradicted the particle theory proposed by Isaac Newton, marking a pivotal moment in the history of optics. Young's theoretical calculations further supported his experimental findings, suggesting that light waves could interfere with each other, creating patterns of constructive and destructive interference. This insight laid the groundwork for the future development of the wave theory, later championed by Augustin-Jean Fresnel. The paper’s significance extended beyond optics, influencing the broader field of wave phenomena in physics, including the understanding of sound and water waves. The Bakerian Lecture thus not only revolutionized optics but also shifted the scientific consensus towards a more comprehensive wave theory of light, which eventually formed a cornerstone of modern physics. Despite initial resistance, Young's ideas paved the way for the work of other physicists like Thomas Maxwell and Albert Einstein, who would later build on his findings. His contributions to physical optics are recognized as a foundational moment in the scientific revolution of the 19th century. Download at: The Royal Society
Analysis and Prediction of Regional Mobility Patterns of Bus Travellers Using Smart Card Data and Points of Interest Data (2018)

Mobility patterns at region level can provide more macroscopic and intuitive knowledge on how people gather in or depart from the region. However, the analysis and prediction of regional mobility patterns have yet to be effectively addressed. In light of this, using smart card data (SCD) and points of interest (POI) data, a multi-step methodology which integrates the inner-restricted fuzzy C-means clustering, nonnegative tensor factorization and artificial neural network are proposed and implemented in this paper. It overcomes the difficulties in region division, pattern extraction, and prediction. The bus SCD and POI data in Beijing city are utilized for proving the usefulness of the methodology. The regional mobility patterns of bus travellers in Beijing city are extracted from the third-order tensors involving 1110 regions, 34 time slots, and 7 days of the week. The analyzed results show that the proposed methodology has a good performance on predicting the regional mobility patterns based on the regional properties. Furthermore, by considering both of the regional boarding and alighting patterns, the predictions of the regional aggregation pattern can also be achieved. These research achievements can not only provide a deep insight on the human mobility patterns at region level, but also support the evidence-based and forward-looking urban planning and intelligent transportation management.
Introducing Proteins Into the Body's Cells (1999)

Because most proteins are unable to make their way through the fatty membrane that surrounds cells, researchers have been unable to find a way to deliver them efficiently to cells in animals or humans. But now scientists may have hit on a powerful strategy to accomplish that: fusing foreign proteins to a segment of another protein, derived from the AIDS virus, that has an unusual ability to cross cell membranes. On page
 1569, a team of molecular biologists reports that such tagged molecules can infiltrate all the tissues of living mice. If the method works with other proteins, it might be used to combat inherited diseases and other conditions caused by a malfunctioning or absent intracellular protein.
Optical path length of 754nm and 816nm light emitted into the head of infants (2005)

The emerging importance of light as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in medicine has created a need to determine the optical properties of living tissues, such as the path length (L) of light through tissue. We investigated path length using modulated 754nm and 816nm light emitted into and scattered back from heads of 34 human infants, aged 1 day to 3 years, by measuring the phase shift in the returning signal. Measurements taken at 3 emitterldetector separations (1.8, 2.5, and 3.0cm) yielded L= 3.4 to 55cm. Path significantly increased with larger head circumference and emitterldetector separation. This relationship may be a reflection of the geometry between the emitter and detector, but only a fraction of the variability can be accounted for by these factors. We propose that in the assessment of cerebral optical properties, L is an important variable to measure if equations utilizing path length are to be quantitatively solved, such as when determining blood oxygen saturation via Beer’s Law. KEY WORDS: time of flight, scattering, infant, spectrophotometry, reflectance, path length.
A FEDERICO SABINA CÍSCAR, LA MEDALLA MARIANO BÁRCENA (2001)

EN RECONOCIMIENTO A SUS MERITOS ACADEMICOS Y POR SUS ACCIONES EN FAVOR DE LA UNION DE GEOFISICA MEXICANA AC, ESTA ASOCIACION CIVIL LE ENTREGO LA MEDALLA MARIANO B RCENA A FEDERICO SABINA CISCAR, INTEGRANTE DEL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN MATEM TICAS APLICADAS Y EN SISTEMAS. UNA DE LAS LINEAS DE INVESTIGACION M S IMPORTANTES DEL FISICO UNIVERSITARIO ES LA PROPAGACION E INTERACCION DE LAS ONDAS SISMICAS CON OBST CULOS EN LA TOPOGRAFIA IRREGULAR. OBJETIVO FUE ESTABLECER DE QUE FORMA AFECTAN LAS ONDAS SISMICAS EN LA ESTRUCTURA GEOMETRICA DE LA SUPERFICIE DE LA TIERRA, EXPLICO. ANTES DEL TEMBLOR DE 1985 SABINA CISCAR DETERMINO QUE EN UNA ZONA DE VALLE ALUVIAL, COMO LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO, LA AMPLITUD DE LAS ONDAS SISMICAS ES MAYOR -DOBLE O TRIPLE- A DIFERENCIA DE LA LONGITUD QUE PRESENTARIAN EN UN TERRENO LINEAL. ACTUALMENTE TRABAJA EN EL AN LISIS DE MATERIALES COMPUESTOS CON INCRUSTACIONES Y DE QUE FORMA LAS ONDAS SISMICAS SE DISTRIBUYEN EN ESTOS MEDIOS. AMBAS INVESTIGACIONES EST N RELACIONADAS, Y LA FINALIDAD ES DETERMINAR CU LES SON LOS MATERIALES QUE RESIENTEN CON MAYOR FUERZA LAS ONDAS SISMICAS Y LAS PROPAGAN CON M S RAPIDEZ, LO QUE AYUDA A ENTENDER LO QUE PASA DENTRO DE UN FENOMENO COMO UN TEMBLOR.
Detection of the 5'-cap structure of messenger RNAs with the use of the cap-jumping approach (2001)

An effective procedure for specific determination of the cap structure at the 5'-terminus of mRNA and for isolation of the corresponding full-length cDNA has been developed. The procedure involves covalent attachment of an oligonucleotide template extender to the 5'-cap structure of mRNA followed by RT-PCR using M-MLV SuperScript II reverse transcriptase. In the course of reverse transcription, the enzyme 'jumps over' the cap structure and includes the sequence complementary to the oligonucleotide template extender into the 3'-end of the first cDNA strand. The cap-jumping method was successfully tested using some mammalian cellular mRNAs, genomic RNAs of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) U1 and the recently isolated crucifer-infecting tobamovirus. Moreover, cDNA products corresponding to the genomic tobamovirus RNA were obtained from total RNA extracted from tobacco plants infected by crucifer-infecting tobamovirus or tobacco mosaic virus. Using the cap-jumping method, we have shown for the first time that genomic crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crTMV) RNA contains a 5'-cap structure. This improved method can be recommended for the construction of full-length and 5'-end enriched cDNA libraries, identification of capped RNAs and determination of their 5'-terminal sequences.
Experimental External Fixation Combined With Percutaneous Discectomy in the Management of Scoliosis (1999)

The results of the current study suggest the potential for external fixation to allow for derotation and, when combined with percutaneous discectomy, to offer a feasible method of managing scoliosis in the human adolescent. This study was a preliminary experimental study; further experimental studies are planned to develop this novel technique.
Multichannel Write and GMR Heads for Over 1 TB Tape System (2006)

This paper reports on the structure and performance of multichannel write and giant magnetoresistive (GMR) heads for a helical-scan tape system. The four-channel write head was fabricated with four layers stacked and shifted by a track pitch. The eight-channel read head was also stacked four layers, each of which has two spin-valve elements. The write head and read head were assembled into a commercial drive. Four channels are written in one revolution without a guard band and each of the eight channels is read, in half of the track pitch. The feasibility of a recording density over 4.3 Gb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was established, which would make possible a tape system of over 1 TB using an 8 mm cassette
Minimization of the expected path length in BDDs based on local changes (2005)

In many verification tools methods for functional simulation based on reduced ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) are used. The evaluation time for a BDD can he crucial and is measured by the expected path length of the BDD. In this paper a new technique for BDD minimization with respect to the expected path length is suggested to reduce evaluation time. It is based on sifling and, unlike previous approaches, performs variable swaps with the same time complexity as the original sifting algorithm. Another field of application for BDDs is logic synthesis, often targeting Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) because of low power and low cost. A minimization of BDD size and chip area can lead to poor timing performances. We suggest to also use our method here, as the resulting BDDs show a very low maximal and average path delay. This supports the synthesis of high-speed PTL circuits at low area overhead. Experimental results are given to show the efficiency of our approach.
US-Based Franchise Systems (2006)

Abstract This study assesses both firm and relationship characteristics that may differentiate US-based franchisors that have internationalized operations from those that do not. Multiple discriminant analysis is used and shows that both firm and relationship characteristics are important discriminators. Not surprisingly, international franchise systems are larger and exhibit lower levels of solidarity. A surprising finding, however, is that international systems exhibit lower levels of opportunism, in spite of greater geographic and cultural proximity. Interestingly, a number of firm characteristics (number of domestic units, number of franchised versus company-owned units, firm age, and experience with franchising) and relationship characteristics (flexibility, trust, behavioral transparency, and effectiveness) were not significant discriminators between domestic and international franchisors. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are provided.
Cystatin C Protects Neuronal Cells from Amyloid-β-induced Toxicity (2010)

Multiple studies suggest that cystatin C (CysC) has a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a decrease in CysC secretion is linked to the disease in patients with a polymorphism in the CysC gene. CysC binds amyloid-beta (Abeta) and inhibits formation of Abeta fibrils and oligomers both in vitro and in mouse models of amyloid deposition. Here we studied the effect of CysC on cultured primary hippocampal neurons and a neuronal cell line exposed to either oligomeric or fibrillar cytotoxic forms of Abeta. The extracellular addition of the secreted human CysC together with preformed either oligomeric or fibrillar Abeta increased cell survival. While CysC inhibits Abeta aggregation, it does not dissolve preformed Abeta fibrils or oligomers. Thus, CysC has multiple protective effects in AD, by preventing the formation of the toxic forms of Abeta and by direct protection of neuronal cells from Abeta toxicity. Therapeutic manipulation of CysC levels, resulting in slightly higher concentrations than physiological could protect neuronal cells from cell death in AD.
Binding of synthetic peptide TPLVTLFK to nonopioid beta‐endorphin receptor on rat brain membranes (2010)

The synthetic peptide TPLVTLFK corresponding to the sequence 12-19 of beta-endorphin (referred to as octarphin) was found to bind to high-affinity naloxone-insensitive binding sites on membranes isolated from the rat brain cortex (K(d) = 2.6 +/- 0.2 nM). The binding specificity study revealed that these binding sites were insensitive not only to naloxone but also to alpha-endorphin, gamma-endorphin, [Met(5)]enkephalin, and [Leu(5)]enkephalin, as well. The [(3)H]octarphin specific binding with brain membranes was inhibited by unlabeled beta-endorphin (K(i) = 2.4 +/- 0.2 nM) and a selective agonist of nonopioid beta-endorphin receptor decapeptide immunorphin SLTCLVKGFY (K(i) = 2.9 +/- 0.2 nM). At the same time, unlabeled octarphin completely (by 100%) inhibited the specific binding of [(3)H]immunorphin with membranes (K(i) = 2.8 +/- 0.2 nM). Thus, octarphin binds with a high affinity and specificity to nonopioid receptor of beta-endorphin on rat brain cortex membranes.
A fuzzy approach to white blood cells segmentation in color bone marrow images (2005)

Differential count of the various types of white blood cells (WBC) in bone marrow smears is used to help detect infection, anemia, and leukemia or to follow the process of treatment. However, locating, identifying, and counting the different classes of WBC manually are tedious and consuming time tasks that could be simplified by means an automatic analysis, in which segmentation is a crucial step. In this paper we present an approach to automatic cell segmentation within color bone marrow microscopic images, which is robust with regard to variable illuminant level conditions, and takes into account color components' stability degrees. For each image pixel we get the similarity degree between its color and the system colors, what makes algorithm design much easier because allows to emulate experts' image segmentation skills.
Thermal Investigation for Multiple Chips 3D Packages (2008)

With the need for more functionality, smaller form factor and lower cost products in electronic industry, the various structures of multi-chip 3D packages have become more and more popular. Compared to single die package, the multiple chips package can accommodate with multi-functional devices and increase the memory capacity with. in. same footprints as a single die package. However, such high performance structures also result in high power consumption, which becomes a primary challenge for heat management. In this paper, we provide a thermal evaluation for multiple chips packages were considered for different package structures, airflow rate, and PCB design by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling technique. There are three different package structures that mounted with four dies as shown in Figural were discussed in this paper including No lead Bump array QFN package (NBA-QFN), Exposed pad Low profile Quad Flat package (E-pad LQFP) and Thin Fine pitch Ball Grid Array package (TFBGA). Moreover, thermal performance for multiple chips packages with real application setting of external heat sink was also investigated. Finally, NBA-QFN package with multi-chip module thermal characteristic experiments was also conducted and had good agreement with simulation results.
Enhancement of murine cardiac chronotropy by the molecular transfer of the human beta2 adrenergic receptor cDNA. (1998)

Cardiac pacemaking offers a unique opportunity for direct gene transfer into the heart. An experimental system was developed to assay the effects of transferring the human beta2 adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) under in vitro, ex vivo, and finally in vivo conditions. Constructs encoding either beta2AR or LacZ were used in chronotropy studies with isolated myocytes, and transplanted as well as endogenous murine hearts. Murine embryonic cardiac myocytes were transiently transfected with plasmid constructs. The total percentage of myocytes spontaneously contracting was greater in beta2AR transfected cells, as compared with control cells (67 vs. 42+/-5%). In addition, the percentage of myocytes with chronotropic rates > 60 beats per minute (bpm) was higher in the beta2AR population, as compared with control cells (37 vs. 15+/-5%). The average contractile rate was greater in the beta2AR transfected myocytes at baseline (71+/-14 vs. 50+/-10 bpm; P < 0.001) as well as with the addition of 10(-)3 M isoproterenol (98+/-26 vs. 75+/-18 bpm; P < 0.05). Based on these results, a murine neonatal cardiac transplantation model was used to study the ex vivo effects of targeted expression of beta2AR. The constructs were transfected into the right atrium of transplanted hearts. Injection of the beta2AR construct increased the heart rate by approximately 40% (224+/-37 vs. 161+/-42 bpm; P < 0.005). Finally, the constructs were tested in vivo with injection into the right atrium of the endogenous heart. These results were similar to the ex vivo data with injection of the beta2AR constructs increasing the endogenous heart rates by approximately 40%, as compared with control injected hearts (550+/-42 vs. 390+/-37 bpm; P < 0.05). These studies demonstrate that local targeting of gene expression may be a feasible modality to regulate the cardiac pacemaking activity.