gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Compression of Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Greedy Filter Pruning (2017)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have state-of-the-art performance on many problems in machine vision. However, networks with superior performance often have millions of weights so that it is difficult or impossible to use CNNs on computationally limited devices or to humanly interpret them. A myriad of CNN compression approaches have been proposed and they involve pruning and compressing the weights and filters. In this article, we introduce a greedy structural compression scheme that prunes filters in a trained CNN. We define a filter importance index equal to the classification accuracy reduction (CAR) of the network after pruning that filter (similarly defined as RAR for regression). We then iteratively prune filters based on the CAR index. This algorithm achieves substantially higher classification accuracy in AlexNet compared to other structural compression schemes that prune filters. Pruning half of the filters in the first or second layer of AlexNet, our CAR algorithm achieves 26% and 20% higher classification accuracies respectively, compared to the best benchmark filter pruning scheme. Our CAR algorithm, combined with further weight pruning and compressing, reduces the size of first or second convolutional layer in AlexNet by a factor of 42, while achieving close to original classification accuracy through retraining (or fine-tuning) network. Finally, we demonstrate the interpretability of CAR-compressed CNNs by showing that our algorithm prunes filters with visually redundant functionalities. In fact, out of top 20 CAR-pruned filters in AlexNet, 17 of them in the first layer and 14 of them in the second layer are color-selective filters as opposed to shape-selective filters. To our knowledge, this is the first reported result on the connection between compression and interpretability of CNNs.
The Glycemic and Insulinemic Index of Plain Sweet Biscuits: Relationships to<i>in Vitro</i>Starch Digestibility (2005)

The findings indicate that plain sweet biscuits have a low GI and a moderate II and that these characteristics are correlated to in vitro starch digestibility and are dependent on the type of processing.
Flies as a source of enteric pathogens in a rural village in Thailand (1983)

The village of Ban Pong in northeastern Thailand was studied from January through December 1981 to determine the importance of flies as a source of enteric pathogens. The number of flies (predominantly Musca domestica) increased in kitchens and animal pens in the hot dry spring, when the incidence of diarrhea was highest in the village. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., non-O1 Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio fluvalis were isolated from fly pools in yards (69%), animal pens (38%), bathrooms (35%), and kitchens (8%). Enterotoxigenic E. coli was isolated from one fly pool in May and from another in June, when the incidence of such infections was highest in the village. Flies often carry and presumably disseminate enteric pathogens in rural Thailand.
4′-(9-Acridinylamino) Methanesulfon-<i>m</i>-Anisidide (AMSA): A New Drug Effective in the Treatment of Adult Acute Leukemia (1980)

Sixty-two adults with previously treated acute leukemia were treated with 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA) with a total dose of 150 mg to 1320 mg/m2 of body surface area given over 3 to 14 days intravenously. Of the 56 patients who received an adequate trial, 13 achieved a complete remission and six had a partial remission. The best therapeutic results were observed when AMSA was used at a dose level of 75 to 90 mg/m2 per day for 7 days, which resulted in nine complete remissions among 30 patients. Eleven of 38 patients with myeloblastic leukemia achieved complete remission, and three of 13 with lymphoblastic disease achieved partial remission. Complete remissions were observed in nine of 39 patients who were refractory to cytarabine and anthracyclines, indicating a lack of cross-resistance between these drugs and AMSA. The median duration of remission was 12 weeks, and the median survival of responders was 28.5 weeks. The major toxicity of AMSA therapy was severe myelosuppression resulting in frequent infections during induction therapy. Our results indicate that AMSA has significant activity against refractory adult acute leukemia and deserves further evaluation.
Cutting Edge: The RIG-I Ligand 3pRNA Potently Improves CTL Cross-Priming and Facilitates Antiviral Vaccination (2016)

Protective immunity against intracellular pathogens involves the induction of robust CTL responses. Vaccination with protein Ags establishes such responses only when combined with immune-stimulatory adjuvants. In this study, we compared different adjuvants and identified triphosphate RNA (3pRNA) as especially effective at inducing CTL responses. 3pRNA sensing required IPS-1/MAVS signaling and induced type I IFN in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and macrophages, with the latter being more important for the adjuvant effect. Type I IFN acted on CD11c(+) cells, especially on CD8α(+) Batf3-dependent dendritic cells. Vaccination with OVA in combination with 3pRNA protected mice from a subsequent OVA-encoding adenovirus infection in a CD8(+) cell-dependent manner and more efficiently than other adjuvants. In summary, 3pRNA is a superior adjuvant for CTL activation and might be useful to facilitate antiviral immunization strategies.
Requisite role of VEGF receptors in angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparison with angiopoietin/Tie pathway. (2002)

The VEGF receptors might play the major role in HCC angiogenesis and prognosis. The differential expression of receptors might prove valuable in selected subsets of patients for tailored antiangiogenic therapy in HCC patients.
Low-Temperature Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Operation by Temperature Scaling Theory (1993)

We have demonstrated 77 K operation of deep-submicron metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET's) based on the temperature scaling concept. The measured subthreshold swing and the threshold voltage for the 77 K devices designed using the temperature scaling theory are both found to be scaled down to 1/4(≃77 K/300 K) as compared with those for 300 K devices. The threshold voltage shifts and the subthreshold swing shifts due to short-channel effects are also found to be scaled down by a factor of 1/4. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a 0.18 µm 77 K MOSFET designed using the temperature-dimension combination scaling theory has the scaled characteristics of subthreshold swing and threshold voltage with no degradation due to short-channel effects. The temperature-dimension combination scaling theory provides a design guideline for 77 K deep-submicron MOSFET's.
Direct conversion linear transceiver design (1989)

Describes the implementation and performance of a prototype linear direct conversion transceiver unit, developed by the Centre for Communications Research at the University of Bristol. The transmitter and receiver system are based on the Weaver (1956) frequency translation technique. This method was chosen for the property that the image products fall in the user's own channel, thus greatly reducing the gain and phase matching requirements on the quadrature processing paths. The transmitter design includes RF amplifier linearisation by means of Cartesian closed loop feedback. Problems that have plagued this method in the past have been largely solved, and results are presented which show excellent power efficient performance through the use of linearised class C amplifier modules. Virtually any modulation format can be handled using this technique with no requirement for constant envelope.
Can compressed sensing be efficient in communication with sparse data? (2011)

L User Equipments (mobile stations) transmit signals with sparsity S and their signals are compressively sensed to M samples by Z remote samplers (a distributed antenna arrangement) and the uplink channel is estimated by a central processor (the “central brain”). For a given system signal to noise ratio, retained samples M and sparsity S, we approximate the loss in sum mutual information due to imperfect knowledge of the channel. The approximation is premised on a lower bound of the mutual information which accounts for the power in the channel estimation error. Also, throughput results are given for adaptively adjusting the sparsity of multiple users' transmit signals based on channel fading.
ODEXPERT: an expert system to select numerical solvers for initial value ODE systems (1993)

ODEXPERT is a prototype knowledge-based system which selects the appropriate numerical solvers for initial value ordinary differential equations. It is capable of deriving some knowledge about the input problem by performing automated tests to detect properties and structures in the problem which guide the selection process.
Development and initial application of a fully integrated photoacoustic micro-ultrasound system (2013)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging for biomedical applications has been under development for many years. Based on the many advances over the past decade, a new photoacoustic imaging system has been integrated into a micro-ultrasound platform for co-registered PA-ultrasound (US) imaging. The design and implementation of the new scanner is described and its performance quantified. Beamforming techniques and signal processing are described, in conjunction with in vivo PA images of normal subcutaneous mouse tissue and selected tumor models. In particular, the use of the system to estimate the spatial distribution of oxygen saturation (sO2) in blood and co-registered with B-mode images of the surrounding anatomy are investigated. The system was validated in vivo against a complementary technique for measuring partial pressure of oxygen in blood (pO2). The pO2 estimates were converted to sO2 values based on a standard dissociation curve found in the literature. Preliminary studies of oxygenation effects were performed in a mouse model of breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) in which control mice were compared with mice treated with a targeted antiangiogenic agent over a 3 d period. Treated mice exhibited a >90% decrease in blood volume, an 85% reduction in blood wash-in rate, and a 60% decrease in relative tissue oxygenation.
Invigoration and IDS-sedimentation of Pinus sylvestris seeds from northern Finland. (1988)

In Northern Finland as well as in Northern Sweden there is a shortage of high-quality Scots pine ( L.) seeds, mostly due to unsuitable temperatures during the development and maturation of cones and seeds. Methods have been developed for elimination of non-productive seeds and for invigoration of seeds. In the present work, these methods were tested on poorly developed seed lot from Rovaniemi, Northern Finland (66Â°15ââ66Â°30â; 180 m a.s.l.). The seeds were conditioned using the following treatments:Pinus sylvestris
Diversity, indigenous uses and conservation status of medicinal plants in Manali wildlife sanctuary, North western Himalaya (2011)

In the moutaineous regions human populations are dependent on plants for their sustenance particularly for medicine. In India, more than 95% of the total medicinal plants used in preparing medicines by various industries are harvested from wild. There is a great need to recognise the potential of bioresources at their fullest. Therefore, the present study focused to assess the medicinal plants diversity in Manali wildlife sanctuary of North western Himalaya, identify species preference, native, endemic and threatened medicinal plants and suggests conservation measures. A total of 270 medicinal plants belonging to 84 families and 197 genera were recorded. Maximum medicinal plants were reported in the altitudinal zone, 2000-2800 m and decreased with increasing altitude. Out of the total, 162 medicinal plants were native and 98 were endemic to the Himalayan region. Maximum species were used for stomach problems, followed by skin, eyes, blood and liver problems. Thirty seven species were identified as threatened. Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Aconitum heterophyllum, Arnebia benthamii, Lilium polyphyllum, Swertia chirayita, Podophyllum hexandrum, Jurinella macrocephala, Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana, etc. were highly preferred species and continuous extraction from the wild for trade has increased pressure which may cause extinction of these species in near future. Identification of active ingredients and mass multiplication of the potential species have been suggested in view of economic importance. Regular monitoring of populations and habitats of threatened medicinal plants, restricted harvesting and habitat protection are suggested.
On a New Method for the Generation of Sound-Waves (1922)

Pressure variation along a high-velocity air jet, produced by a pressure of 0.9 to 5 atm. above normal, was determined with a simple Pitot tube, and the periodic intervals of instability were located (Figs. 2 and 5).New Source of Sound; Resonator Actuated by a High-Velocity Air Jet.---It was found that the intervals of instability referred to above can be used for the generation of sound. (1) Bulb form. When the small orifice to a bulb is placed in one of these intervals so that the particles of air move in and out of the opening, pulsations like those of a siren are produced, the tones not being pure. The fundamental frequency depends on the volume of the bulb, the size of the orifice and the position in the jet, and may readily be varied from 1/10 to 5,000 per second. (2) Cylindrical form. When a simple cylindrical resonator is placed with one end in an interval of instability, pure tones are produced except in certain positions when overtones may be present. The frequency is the fundamental of the resonator and may be made as high as 125,000 per second by using a very short tube, about 0.5 mm. in length and in bore. With a hydrogen jet, the frequencies are, of course, 3.8 times as high. The efficiency of such sources is remarkable, intensities that are painful being readily produced. Practical forms of these generators are illustrated (Figs. 3 and 4).
Particulate Emission Reduction from Biomass Burning in Small Combustion Systems with a Multiple Tubular Electrostatic Precipitator (2010)

Biomass utilization via combustion is gaining an increasingly important role worldwide in heat and power production. Emissions of particulate matter from biomass burning have drawn considerable attention because of concern over their possible toxicity and implications for human health. For small-scale applications, it is desirable to employ a simple, compact, and inexpensive solution to avoid air quality problems related to biomass combustion. Electrostatic precipitation is a very reliable method to control particulate emissions from boilers, incinerators, and other industrial processes. It is therefore applied to small combustors. In this work, a simple, compact, and cost-effective multiple tubular electrostatic precipitator was designed and evaluated theoretically and experimentally for removal of particulate matter from a small biomass combustor. The precipitator consisted of a simple array of coaxial discharge electrodes placed along the axis of each cylindrical collection tube. The discharge electrodes were connected to the positive high-voltage supply, while the cylindrical collection tubes were grounded. The positive high-voltage supply was used to produce the corona discharge field between individual discharge electrode and collection tube. The particle-laden exhaust gas flow from the small biomass furnace was directed across the corona discharge field and then charged. The charged particles were deflected outward in a radial direction and deposited on the collection tube wall. The overall collection efficiency of the electrostatic device was evaluated as a mass loading ratio of the difference at inlet and outlet to the particle loading at the inlet of the device. It was found that about 70% overall collection efficiency can be achieved with a relatively simple multiple tubular electrostatic precipitator design. The device appeared to be a promising tool for reduction of particulate matter in flue gas from a small biomass combustion system.
Purification of diamond films by applying current into the plasma stream in the arc discharge plasma jet chemical vapor deposition technique (1995)

A synthesis method that provides high-purity diamond films is proposed employing direct current arc discharge plasma jet chemical vapor deposition. In the method, an electric current was supplied to a plasma jet stream by applying a bias voltage between a cathode and the substrate on which diamond films were deposited. The Raman spectral analysis showed that the purity of the synthetic diamond was remarkably improved by the application of the bias voltage during deposition. The alternating current calorimetric method was employed to measure the thermal diffusion coefficient of the synthesized diamond films. The thermal diffusion coefficient greatly increased for films deposited with biasing. This improved thermal diffusion coefficient suggests higher purity diamond films. Emission spectral analysis revealed that the quantity of the dissociated hydrogen contributing to the plasma emission near the substrate is greater when biasing is used. Thus, the dissociated and excited hydrogen atoms are considered to play a key role in removing the carbon allotropes other than diamond.
Feature-metric Loss for Self-supervised Learning of Depth and Egomotion (2020)

Photometric loss is widely used for self-supervised depth and egomotion estimation. However, the loss landscapes induced by photometric differences are often problematic for optimization, caused by plateau landscapes for pixels in textureless regions or multiple local minima for less discriminative pixels. In this work, feature-metric loss is proposed and defined on feature representation, where the feature representation is also learned in a self-supervised manner and regularized by both first-order and second-order derivatives to constrain the loss landscapes to form proper convergence basins. Comprehensive experiments and detailed analysis via visualization demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed feature-metric loss. In particular, our method improves state-of-the-art methods on KITTI from 0.885 to 0.925 measured by $δ_1$ for depth estimation, and significantly outperforms previous method for visual odometry.
Cell-Cycle Reprogramming for PI3K Inhibition Overrides a Relapse-Specific C481S <i>BTK</i> Mutation Revealed by Longitudinal Functional Genomics in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2014)

We have discovered the first relapse-specific BTK mutation in patients with MCL with acquired resistance, but not primary resistance, to ibrutinib, and demonstrated a rationale for targeting the proliferative resistant MCL cells by inhibiting CDK4 and the cell cycle in combination with ibrutinib in the presence of BTK(WT) or a PI3K inhibitor independent of BTK mutation. As drug resistance remains a major challenge and CDK4 and PI3K are dysregulated at a high frequency in human cancers, targeting CDK4 in genome-based combination therapy represents a novel approach to lymphoma and cancer therapy. Cancer Discov; 4(9); 1022-35. ©2014 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 973.
Implementation of a Toffoli Gate with Superconducting Circuits (2011)

The quantum Toffoli gate allows universal reversible classical computation. It is also an important primitive in many quantum circuits and quantum error correction schemes. Here we demonstrate the realization of a Toffoli gate with three superconducting transmon qubits coupled to a microwave resonator. By exploiting the third energy level of the transmon qubit, the number of elementary gates needed for the implementation of the Toffoli gate, as well as the total gate time can be reduced significantly in comparison to theoretical proposals using two-level systems only. We characterize the performance of the gate by full process tomography and Monte Carlo process certification. The gate fidelity is found to be $68.5\pm0.5$%.
Statistical Fluctuations in HfO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Resistive-Switching Memory: Part II—Random Telegraph Noise (2014)

A key concern for resistive-switching random access memory (RRAM) is the read noise, due to the structural, chemical, and electrical modifications taking place at the localized current path, or conductive filament (CF). Read noise typically appears as a random telegraph noise (RTN), where the current randomly fluctuates between ON and OFF levels. This paper addresses RTN in RRAM, providing physical interpretations and models for the dependence on the programming and read conditions. First, we explain the RTN dependence on the compliance current during set transition in terms of the size-dependent depletion of carriers within the CF. Then, we discuss the bias dependence of the RTN switching times and amplitude, which can be explained by Joule heating and Poole-Frenkel barrier modifications arising from the electrostatics of the RTN fluctuating center.
Metal–organic framework (MOF) aerogels with high micro- and macroporosity (2009)

Iron-BTC aerogels (BTC = 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylate) with high permanent porosity and total pore volumes of up to 5.6 cm3 g(-1) were obtained in a sol-gel approach followed by supercritical CO2 drying.
Influence of thermal history on the structural and mechanical properties of agarose gels (2001)

Using a multitechnique approach, two temperature domains have been identified in agarose gelation. Below 35 degrees C, fast gelation results in strong, homogeneous and weakly turbid networks. The correlation length, evaluated from the wavelength dependence of the turbidity, is close to values of pore size reported in the literature. Above 35 degrees C, gelation is much slower and is associated with the formation of large-scale heterogeneities that can be monitored by a marked change in the wavelength dependence of turbidity and visualised by transmission electron microscopy. Curing agarose gels at temperatures above 35 degrees C, and then cooling them to 20 degrees C, produces much weaker gels than those formed directly at 20 degrees C. Dramatic reductions in the elastic modulus and failure strain and stress are found in this case as a result of demixing during cure. An interpretation, based on the kinetic competition between osmotic forces (in favor of phase separation) and elastic forces (that prevent it) is proposed.
Chemical synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide with a 5'-phosphoryl group on a polystyrene polymer support by the phosphotriester method. (1987)

Highly lipophilic amines [trityloxyethylamine (TEAm) and N-trityloxyethylaniline (TEAn)] were introduced onto a 5'-phosphoryl group and the stability of the phosphoramidate linkage to acid was studied at the diester level. It was found that the phosphoramidate linkage using TEAn was cleaved by 80% aqueous acetic acid within 1 h at room temperature. However, it required 2 h to remove TEAm from the phosphate. By using the TEAn group, 5'-phosphorylated pentadecadeoxyribonucleotide pTCCAGGGTCTGGTAC was synthesized on a polystyrene support by the phosphotriester method. After partial deblocking, the pentadecamer with the TEAn group could be easily isolated on a reversed-phase column due to the high lipophilicity of the TEAn group.The chemically synthesized 5 '-phosphorylated pentadecamer was successfully joined by using deoxyribonucleic acid ligase in the presence of a template.