gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Templated Grain Growth of Textured Bismuth Titanate (1999)

Textured bismuth titanate, Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BiT), was produced by templated grain growth (TGG). Molten‐salt‐synthesized BiT platelets were dispersed in a matrix of 200 nm BiT powder and aligned by tape casting. Highly textured BiT was obtained with the use of only 5 vol% template particles by sintering at 1000°C for 1 h. The uniformity of the through‐thickness texture is much higher than reported in the literature for BiT tapes cast with 100% platelets. Initial platelet alignment is shown to increase because of frequent interaction with the fine powder particles during tape casting. By avoiding pressure densification techniques and using only a small portion of anisometric particles, TGG is a low‐cost option for fabricating textured ceramics.
The Ciliary Transportability of Sputum is Slow on the Mucus-depleted Bovine Trachea (1995)

Mucus retention in the lungs is a feature of several chest diseases. It is unclear to what extent suboptimal mucus transportability is responsible for the poor clearance of lung secretions. We describe a new model, the mucus-depleted bovine trachea, for measurement of the ciliary transportability of respiratory mucus. Mucus depletion was demonstrated microscopically and functionally, and it was accomplished by simple physical means without impairing ciliary action. Control mucus from the tracheas of humans and animals was transported rapidly on this system. However, sputum from 54 patients with bronchiectasis was transported slowly, at a mean of 15% of the rate of control mucus. There was no correlation between sputum transportability and either purulence or the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This work suggests that there is a serious defect in the ciliary transportability of sputum that is unrelated to the presence of infection. The model should allow in vitro assessment of agents designed to aid mucociliary clearance.
Size reduction of microstrip antennas (2001)

A scheme to reduce the size of a microstrip antenna is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. For a given operating frequency the patch length is significantly reduced when microstrip width discontinuities are introduced in the middle of the antenna patch.
Partitioning of the 2-μm Circle Plasmid of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2000)

The efficient partitioning of the 2-microm plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at cell division is dependent on two plasmid-encoded proteins (Rep1p and Rep2p), together with the cis-acting locus REP3 (STB). In addition, host encoded factors are likely to contribute to plasmid segregation. Direct observation of a 2-microm-derived plasmid in live yeast cells indicates that the multiple plasmid copies are located in the nucleus, predominantly in clusters with characteristic shapes. Comparison to a single-tagged chromosome or to a yeast centromeric plasmid shows that the segregation kinetics of the 2-microm plasmid and the chromosome are quite similar during the yeast cell cycle. Immunofluorescence analysis reveals that the plasmid is colocalized with the Rep1 and Rep2 proteins within the yeast nucleus. Furthermore, the Rep proteins (and therefore the plasmid) tend to concentrate near the poles of the yeast mitotic spindle. Depolymerization of the spindle results in partial dispersion of the Rep proteins in the nucleus concomitant with a loosening in the association between plasmid molecules. In an ipl1-2 yeast strain, shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, the chromosomes and plasmid almost always missegregate in tandem. Our results suggest that, after DNA replication, plasmid distribution to the daughter cells occurs in the form of specific DNA-protein aggregates. They further indicate that the plasmid partitioning mechanism may exploit at least some of the components of the cellular machinery required for chromosomal segregation.
On cone‐beam computed tomography artifacts induced by titanium implants (2009)

Our theoretical and experimental results prove massive beam-hardening artifacts for a typical implant diameter and typical energies of up-to-date CBCT machines. Meaningful artifact reduction has to be based on more sophisticated mathematical modeling of the actual physical image acquisition process rather than on postprocessing of the erroneous results obtained from the rather crude reconstruction algorithms used presently.
Experimental Verification of Command Shaping Methods for Controlling Residual Vibration in Flexible Robots (1990)

This paper presents the results of experiments using a new technique for shaping inputs to systems that vibrate. The shaped inputs move the system to the same location that was originally commanded, however, the oscillations of the machine are considerably reduced. First, an overview of the new shaping method is presented. Next, a description of the experimental apparatus is given. Lastly, the results and sample data are presented. The results demonstrate that the new shaping method performs well on machines which exhibit significant structural vibration.
A two-dimensional fast cosine transform (1985)

A two-dimensional fast cosine transform algorithm (2-D FCT) is developed for 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> × 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> data points. This algorithm is an extended version of the 1-D FCT algorithm introduced in a recent paper, but with significantly reduced computations for a 2-D field. The rationale for this 2-D FCT is a 2-D decomposition of data sequences into 2- D subblocks with reduced dimension (halves), rather than serial, one-dimensional, separable treatment for the columns and rows of the data sets. Computer simulation for the 2-D FCT algorithms, using a smaller block of data and finite word precision, proves to be excellent in comparison with the direct 2-D discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT). An example of a 4 × 4 2-D inverse fast cosine transform (2-D IFCT) algorithm development is presented in this paper, together with a signal flow graph.
Acquisition of a Simple Motor Skill: Task-Dependent Adaptation Plus Long-Term Change in the Human Soleus H-Reflex (2009)

Activity-dependent plasticity occurs throughout the CNS. However, investigations of skill acquisition usually focus on cortex. To expand the focus, we analyzed in humans the development of operantly conditioned H-reflex change, a simple motor skill that develops gradually and involves plasticity in both the brain and the spinal cord. Each person completed 6 baseline and 24 conditioning sessions over 10 weeks. In each conditioning session, the soleus H-reflex was measured while the subject was or was not asked to increase (HRup subjects) or decrease (HRdown subjects) it. When the subject was asked to change H-reflex size, immediate visual feedback indicated whether a size criterion had been satisfied. Over the 24 conditioning sessions, H-reflex size gradually increased in six of eight HRup subjects and decreased in eight of nine HRdown subjects, resulting in final sizes of 140 +/- 12 and 69 +/- 6% of baseline size, respectively. The final H-reflex change was the sum of within-session (i.e., task-dependent) adaptation and across-session (i.e., long-term) change. Task-dependent adaptation appeared within four to six sessions and persisted thereafter, averaging +13% in HRup subjects and -15% in HRdown subjects. In contrast, long-term change began after 10 sessions and increased gradually thereafter, reaching +27% in HRup subjects and -16% in HRdown subjects. Thus, the acquisition of H-reflex conditioning consists of two phenomena, task-dependent adaptation and long-term change, that together constitute the new motor skill. In combination with previous data, this new finding further elucidates the interaction of plasticity in brain and spinal cord that underlies the acquisition and maintenance of motor skills.
Basis for substrate recognition and distinction by matrix metalloproteinases (2014)

Significance Specificity-determining positions (SDPs) account for distinctions in function across a protein family. Many theories on the evolution of functional specificity have led to approaches for predicting SDPs in silico, but large experimental datasets allowing a statistical assignment are lacking. Here, the SDPs of matrix metalloproteinases are elucidated by querying the proteolytic efficiency of eight matrix metalloproteinases, representing three phylogenetic branches, in an extended and diverse substrate space. More than 10,000 measures of cleavage efficiency reveal a near-perfect correlation between similarity in proteolytic function and sequence identity at 50–57 positions on the front face of the catalytic domain. These positions are assigned as SDPs. Transmutation of proteolytic function is possible by swapping SDPs nearest to bound substrate.
Identification of functional <i>cis</i>-acting elements within the rat liver S14 promoter (1991)

The structure of DNAase I hypersensitive site 1 (Hss-1), located adjacent to the 5' end of the rat liver S14 gene, is regulated by tissue-specific factors, and its formation correlates with the transcriptional activation of the S14 gene. We propose that tissue-specific trans-acting factors interacting with key cis-linked elements within this site function in the initiation of S14 gene transcription. To examine this hypothesis we used DNAase I footprint, gel shift and in vitro transcriptional analyses to identify cis-linked elements that function in the control of S14 gene transcription. Binding of rat liver nuclear proteins to the S14 promoter (from -8 to -464 bp) produced four DNAase I footprints (designated A-D). Gel shift studies showed that DNA-protein binding was tissue- and sequence-specific, differentially heat-sensitive, and abolished by proteinase K. The function of the four cis-acting elements was assessed by using an in vitro transcription initiation assay in which the S14 promoter was fused to a reporter gene (G-free cassette). Deletion studies showed that nuclear factors binding to regions A (-48 to -63 bp), B (-88 to -113 bp) and D (-286 to -310 bp) enhanced the rate of initiation of transcription, while proteins binding to region C (-227 to -244 bp) suppressed the rate of initiation of transcription. Based on oligonucleotide competition studies, we suggest that hepatic NF-1 (or a related protein) binding to the A region enhances the rate of initiation of S14 gene transcription. Since trans-acting factors interacting with regions B and D are found in liver but not in spleen or kidney, we suggest that the proteins interacting with these regions may be involved in the tissue-specific augmentation of S14 gene transcription.
p73: Structure and function (2000)

Alteration of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is a common, if not general, observation in human malignant tumors. p73 Is a novel member of the p53 family at chromosome 1p36.3, at which locus frequent defects are seen in many tumors including neuroblastoma. Besides structural similarities, the fact that p73 functions in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis promotes the expansion of the research field concerning p53-associated tumor progression. In this paper, we review the structure and function of p73 as well as the mutational status in various human tumors. In addition, possibilities for new therapeutic applications with p73 for cancer cell control are discussed.
Space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar (1994)

Advanced airborne radar systems are required to detect targets in the presence of both clutter and jamming. Ground clutter is extended in both angle and range, and is spread in Doppler frequency because of the platform motion. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) refers to the simultaneous processing of the signals from an array antenna during a multiple pulse coherent waveform. STAP can provide improved detection of targets obscured by mainlobe clutter, defection of targets obscured by sidelobe clutter, and detection in combined clutter and jamming environments. Fully adaptive STAP is impractical for reasons of computational complexity and estimation with limited data, so partially adaptive approaches are required. The paper presents a taxonomy of partially adaptive STAP approaches that are classified according to the type of preprocessor, or equivalently, by the domain in which adaptive weighting occurs. Analysis of the rank of the clutter covariance matrix in each domain provides insight and conditions for preprocessor design.
Numerical modeling of thermocapillary flow on superhydrophobic surfaces (2010)

A liquid in Cassie-Baxter state confined between two microstructured superhydrophobic surfaces has a large free surface fraction while at the same time being in close contact to a solid. As such this configuration is predestined for thermocapillary transport when applying a temperature gradient along the structured substrate. We numerically investigate thermocapillary flow over superhydrophobic arrays of fins. Since even moderate temperature gradients of the order of a few K/cm can induce flow velocities of several mm/s, this setup lends itself for microfluidic pumping. We compare the numerical results to an analytical expression for the flow velocity obtained in the limit of Stokes flow.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: A marker of positive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorders (2011)

• Social Engagement System (mechanisms to self-sooth and calm via social interactions) • Autonomic nervous system (ANS): myelinated vagus • Lower motor neurons: nucleus ambiguus • Mobilization (active avoidance) • ANS: sympathetic-adrenal system • Lower motor neurons: spinal cord • Immobilization (passive avoidance, death feigning) • ANS: unmyelinated vagus • Lower motor neurons: dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
National language architecture (1992)

A fundamental concern for customers of software products worldwide is the lack of consistent, comprehensive national language support (NLS)' across operating system platforms and across high-level computer languages. This concern has been expressed both by application users who (rightly) feel inadequately supported by the product software and by developers who are frustrated at not being able to respond to customer requirements. The user wants to be able to interact with a product that works according to his language, culture and conventions. The software developer currently does not have the means or flexibility of providing this support cost-effectively; each application must provide its own resources and be reinvented for each target culture.This paper proposes a solution to this problem -- an architected set of interfaces and resources that will provide consistent, comprehensive, cost-effective support for national language. This solution will provide for migration from, and coexistence with, the current development environment. The architecture will also be extensible to permit user customization of preferences at run time.
Shallow surface gratings for high-power VCSELs with one preferred polarization for all modes (2005)

Monolithically integrated full-aperture surface gratings are shown to control the polarization of all modes of even highly multimode 850-nm oxide-confined standard industrial vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). An orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) of more than 11 dB up to thermal rollover is achieved for an output power of 23 mW. For devices with 8-mW output power, an OPSR of more than 20 dB at thermal rollover is observed, without major drawbacks to the overall laser performance.
Active Stateful PCE With Hitless LDPC Code Adaptation [Invited] (2014)

The path computation element (PCE) architecture was originally proposed with a stateless condition, i.e., considering only network reserved resources during constraint-based path computations. More recently, a stateful architecture was introduced to additionally maintain the state of computed and established label switch paths (LSPs). Furthermore, the PCE architecture evolved to active functionality, enabling the PCE to directly issue recommendations to the network. In this study, we present and discuss several use cases where the active stateful architecture can provide some benefits. They include impairment-aware path computations in the context of multirate optical networks, recovery solutions, global defragmentation, and dynamic LSP adaptations. The latter use case is then specifically demonstrated in a network testbed including a flexigrid optical network operated with a multicarrier 1 Tb/s transmission with coherent detection. Novel advanced digital signal processing (DSP) monitoring functionalities are introduced and experimentally demonstrated. These monitoring functionalities are utilized to trigger a new hitless dynamic adaptation technique operating on the applied low-density parity check (LDPC) transmitted coding. The technique has been successfully demonstrated to increase transmission robustness upon impairment degradation, such that no traffic disruption is experienced. Moreover, to accommodate the LSP coding adaptation, network reconfiguration has been performed, successfully driven by the PCE thanks to the active functionality.
Secure and Controlled Sharing of Data in Distributed Computing (2013)

In today's world, there is a strong need for sharing big data for collaboration. However, privacy and security remains a barrier especially when dealing with massive amounts of data in the Cloud. In particular, there is a growing need for the data owner to gain better access control over their data. The data owner should be able to specify how their data should be viewed, copied and modified. A dishonest authorised user may illegally redistribute the data to other friends and/or colleagues who don't have the relevant access permissions. In this paper, we address these issues by introducing the idea of SafeShare which controls how data can be accessed and used. SafeShare encapsulate data in self-controlling objects (SCO's) and additionally monitors operations of the user. We demonstrate that our SafeShare system will prevent the user from carrying out any illegal operations including illegal redistribution of data. In addition, we add another level of security on the SCO's by adding a log file and hash for better auditing control.
Mechanisms of Weed Suppression in Cover Crop-based Production Systems (1996)

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the mechanisms of weed suppression by cover crops. High-performance liquid chromatograph analysis and a seed germination bioassay demonstrated that rye ( Secale cereale L.) can be leached of its allelochemicals, redried, and used as an inert control for separating physical suppression from other types of interference. In a field study, rye, crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L . ), and a mixture of the four species suppressed the emergence of eastern black nightshade ( Solanum ptycanthum Dun.). Crimson clover inhibited the emergence of eastern black nightshade beyond what could be attributed to physical suppression alone. The emergence of yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] was inhibited by rye and barley but not by the other cover crops or the cover crop mixture.
Rearrangement of viral sequences in cytopathogenic pestiviruses (1992)

Two cytopathogenic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (cpBVDV) have been analyzed. For both viruses two regions of their genomic RNAs were found to be duplicated and rearranged. The viral genomes contain a small duplicated element (SD) derived from the genomic 5' end far downstream of its original context. This sequence is followed by a larger duplication which encompasses the region coding for the protein p80(LD), a molecular marker for cpBVDV. The SD element codes for the viral protease p20. In the case of the viruses analyzed here the aminoterminus of p80 is generated by autoproteolytic removal of the preceding SD-encoded protease. For one of the cpBVDV isolates a specific fusion protein (p28) could be identified which is composed of p20 and part of p10, another viral protein. Molecular characterization of the respective noncytopathogenic counterpart revealed that duplication and rearrangement of sequences as well as the expression of p28 and p80 are specific for the cytopathogenic virus.
Domoic Acid—A Neurotoxic Amino Acid Produced by the Marine Diatom <i>Nitzschia pungens</i> in Culture (1988)

During late 1987, an outbreak of poisoning resulting from the ingestion of cultivated blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from a localized area in eastern Canada (Cardigan Bay, Prince Edward Island) was associated with massive blooms of Nitzschia pungens, a widely distributed diatom not previously known to produce toxins; human fatalities resulted. Here we provide proof that the causative agent, domoic acid, is indeed produced by this diatom. Although no domoic acid could be detected (<2 ng∙mL −1 ) in culture medium (FE) prepared from Cardigan River water, it was found in cultures of Nitzschia pungens grown in this medium at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.8 pg∙cell −1 in various separate cultures harvested for chemical analysis 7–68 d after inoculation.
Large‐scale analysis of the human ubiquitin‐related proteome (2005)

Protein ubiquitylation contributes to the regulation of many cellular processes including protein degradation, receptor internalization, and repair of DNA damage. We now present a comprehensive characterization of ubiquitin-conjugated and ubiquitin-associated proteins in human cells. The proteins were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography under denaturing or native conditions. They were then digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were analyzed by 2-D LC and MS/MS. A total of 670 distinct proteins were identified; 345 proteins (51%) were classified as Urp-D (ubiquitin-related proteome under the denaturing condition) and comprised ubiquitin-conjugated molecules, whereas 325 proteins (49%) were classified as Urp-N (ubiquitin-related proteome only under the native condition) and included molecules that associated with ubiquitylated proteins. The proportions of proteins in various functional categories differed substantially between Urp-D and Urp-N. Many ribosomal subunits were detected in the Urp-D group of proteins and several of these subunits were directly shown to be ubiquitylated by mass spectrometric analysis, suggesting that ubiquitylation might play an important role in the regulation and/or quality control of ribosomal proteins. Our results demonstrate the potential of proteomics analysis of protein ubiquitylation to provide important insight into the regulation of protein stability and other ubiquitin-related cellular functions.