gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Report of Sub‐Committee on Land Forms of Committee on Dynamics of Streams, 1942–43 (1943)

The Sub‐Committee on Land Forms of the Committee on the Dynamics of Streams has continued its studies, insofar as the abnormal conditions have permitted. All the members have been involved in war activities and most of them have been unable to give any attention to the problems of the Sub‐Committee. Progress has been made, however, with the study of the causes and controlling factors of stream‐meanders and in the study of entrenched meanders. In regard to the first, GERARD H. MATTHES reports that: “During the latter part of IMS tests were started aimed at establishing the function and also the relative importance of each of the primary factors which influence the meandering habits of natural streams flowing unrestrained in alluvial materials of their own deposition. These tests are an extension of those made in 1941 in a bed of granulated coal [see Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, p. 477, 1941]. The desirability of making observations on streams flowing in natural river sands having been repeatedly stressed, the new test‐series were undertaken in sand and silt‐mixtures taken from the Mississippi River. Other materials were also used, including haydite. The indications are that the meander‐pattern is affected by each of the variables previously determined, namely, valley‐slope, grain‐size of material, discharge‐volume, bed‐load, and vegetation. To what degree and under what conditions each of these variables affects the shape of a meandering channel does not appear to have been previously established by experimenters elsewhere. Definite knowledge on this subject appears to have a fundamental bearing on the stabilization of meandering rivers. The purpose of the new tests is intimately connected with the problems arising in the maintenance of the lower Mississippi River. It is planned to continue the test‐series into 1943.”
Influence of metal ions on structure and catalytic activity of papain. (2000)

Papain is an endoprotease belonging to cysteine protease family. The catalytic activity of papain in presence of two different metal ions namely zinc and cadmium has been investigated. Both the metal ions are potent inhibitors of the enzyme activity in a concentration dependent manner. The enzyme loses 50% of its activity at 2 x 10(-4) M of CdCl2 and 4 x 10(-4) M of ZnCl2. It is completely inactivated above 1 x 10(-3) M concentration of either ZnCl2 or CdCl2. Of the two metal ions zinc with a ki value of 5 x 10(-5) M is a more potent inhibitor than cadmium which has a ki value of 8 x 10(-5) M. Both the metal ions have higher affinity for active site than the substrate. At concentrations above 1 x 10(-2) M of metal ions the inhibition is not reversible. Calorimetric studies showed decreased thermal stability of papain upon binding of these metal ions. Far UV circular dichroic spectral data showed only small changes in the beta-structure content upon binding of these metal ions. These data are also supported by decrease in the apparent thermal transition temperature of papain by 5 degrees C upon binding of metal ions indicating destabilization of the papain molecule. The mechanism of both partial and complete inactivation of papain in presence of these two metal ions both at lower and higher concentration has been explained.
Tuning Interlayer Coupling in Large-Area Heterostructures with CVD-Grown MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub> Monolayers (2014)

Band offsets between different monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are expected to efficiently separate charge carriers or rectify charge flow, offering a mechanism for designing atomically thin devices and probing exotic two-dimensional physics. However, developing such large-area heterostructures has been hampered by challenges in synthesis of monolayers and effectively coupling neighboring layers. Here, we demonstrate large-area (>tens of micrometers) heterostructures of CVD-grown WS2 and MoS2 monolayers, where the interlayer interaction is externally tuned from noncoupling to strong coupling. Following this trend, the luminescence spectrum of the heterostructures evolves from an additive line profile where each layer contributes independently to a new profile that is dictated by charge transfer and band normalization between the WS2 and MoS2 layers. These results and findings open up venues to creating new material systems with rich functionalities and novel physical effects.
Electrochemical Protection of Zirconium in Oxidizing Hydrochloric Acid Solutions (1984)

An electrochemical protection technique using cathodic polarization to maintain zirconium below its critical repassivation potential was used to avoid pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in hydrochloric acid (HCl) containing ferric ions (Fe+3). Corrosion and pit penetration rates are reported for pickled, abraded, and as-received surface conditions in 10, 20, and 37% HCl containing 50, 100, or 500 ppm Fe+3 at temperatures to boiling. The pickled surface was the least susceptible to pitting in the 64 day tests. Electrochemical protection is then evaluated for total immersion, partial immersion, U-bend, and constant strain rate tensile tests. Protection is effective in eliminating pitting and SCC in 10 and 20% HCl containing Fe+3.
La Couronne, L'église et Les Enquêtes Ethnographiques Dans La Vice-Royauté De La Nouvelle-Espagne Au Xviè Siècle (1992)

RésuméAu cours du XVIème S., de nombreux témoins espagnols enquêtèrent sur les civilisations précortésiennes. Si les motivations de ces chercheurs sont bien connues, le rôle joué par le pouvoir politique (qui est souvent le commanditaire exclusif ou associé de ces travaux), l'est moins. En fait, la Couronne poursuivait ses propres objectifs, obéissant à une pensée politique très précise. Elle n'était pas seulement soucieuse de mieux connaître ses sujets indigènes afín de les administrer plus efficacement: elle entendait aussi, au nom de la “théorie des communautés” forgées par les théologiens de Salamanque, les gouverner dans le respect de leurs lois, celle du moins qui découlaient clairement du droit naturel.
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in subtypes of major depression and normal volunteers (1999)

We have shown a reduction in beta adrenoceptor-linked, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)] activity in fibroblasts of patients with major depression with melancholic features relative to normal volunteers. We evaluated a group of 35 patients with major depression subtyped by DSM-IV criteria as melancholic, atypical, and those not meeting either subtype designation ('non-subtyped') and 21 normal volunteers to ascertain whether or not the PKA activity abnormality was specific to melancholia. The melancholics showed marked reduction in cyclic AMP-stimulated PKA activity relative to normal volunteers. Although the atypicals were statistically significantly lower, almost all fell into the range for the normals. The non-subtyped group fell between the atypicals and the melancholics. Basal activity was significantly lower in atypical and melancholic groups. The data suggest that reduced PKA activity is consistently found in melancholic major depression and may not be seen with other depressive subtypes.
Beiträge zum Fail Safe Design (2010)

Risse sind als Vorboten oft katastrophalen Versagens gefürchtet. Eine Rissbildung lässt sich, z. B. durch Kerbformoptimierung, vermeiden. In dieser Arbeit wird eine weitere Möglichkeit vorgestellt: längs zur Belastungsrichtung angebrachte, formoptimierte Wülste. Bestehende Risse können durch eine gezielte Umlenkung mit Querschlitzen, die mit der Methode der Zugdreiecke optimiert sind, gestoppt werden. Vergleichende Analysen zeigen rechnerisch und experimentell einen deutlichen Vorteil.
World's First Benchmarking of Drilling Mud Hammer Performance at Depth Conditions (2002)

Abstract Operators continue to look for ways to improve hard rock drilling performance through emerging technologies. A consortium of Department of Energy, operator and industry participants put together an effort to test and optimize mud driven fluid hammers as one emerging technology that has shown promise to increase penetration rates in hard rock. The thrust of this program has been to test and record the performance of fluid hammers in full scale test conditions including, hard formations at simulated depth, high density / high solids drilling muds, and realistic fluid power levels. This paper details the testing and results of testing two 7 ¾" diameter mud hammers with 8 ½" hammer bits. A Novatek MHN5 and an SDS Digger FH185 mud hammer were tested with several bit types, with performance being compared to a conventional (IADC Code 537) tricone bit. These tools functionally operated in all of the simulated downhole environments. The performance was in the range of the baseline ticone or better at lower borehole pressures, but at higher borehole pressures the performance was in the lower range or below that of the baseline tricone bit. A new drilling mode was observed, while operating the MHN5 mud hammer. This mode was noticed as the weight on bit (WOB) was in transition from low to high applied load. During this new "transition drilling mode", performance was substantially improved and in some cases outperformed the tricone bit. Improvements were noted for the SDS tool while drilling with a more aggressive bit design. Future work includes the optimization of these or the next generation tools for operating in higher density and higher borehole pressure conditions and improving bit design and technology based on the knowledge gained from this test program.
Impedance of a narrow longitudinal shunt slot in a slotted waveguide array (1974)

A variational solution is derived for computing the impedance of a radiating longitudinal shunt slot of rectangular shape in the broad face of a rectangular waveguide. This solution, an extension of Oliner's deviation, yields the slot resonant length, accounting for the displacement of the slot from the center of the waveguide. Taking advantage of the results reported in the existent literature, the computation of impedance can be extended to that for a slot in a large array environment, with or without a dielectric sheath covering. Under some reasonable assumptions and comparing the experimental data with theoretical values, a semi-empirical equation is obtained for the resonant length of a slot with round ends in practical applications. The computational method presented in this paper is experimentally assessed to be valuable for the design of slotted waveguide arrays.
Interpreting This Time (1956)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Simulations of non-monolithic tandem solar cell configurations for electrolytic fuel generation (2017)

Multi-terminal tandem solar cell configurations were modeled for driving water-splitting and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to maximize fuel production throughout the day.
Molecular evidence of horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus within couples (2009)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission has decreased with the adoption of universal blood donor screening and social policies to reduce the risk of infection in intravenous drug users, but remains a worldwide health problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among sequences from different HCV genomic regions from sexual partners of infected patients. Nine couples with a stable relationship and without other risk factors for HCV infection and 42 control patients were selected, and the NS3 and NS5B regions were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses from five of the couples had a common origin, clustering in the same monophyletic group, with bootstrap values greater than 70. For the other couples, monophyletic groups were observed, but without bootstrap support. Thus, using two different viral genome regions, a common source of infection was observed in both members of five couples. These data strongly support HCV transmission within couples.
Photography by Cameras Integrated in Smartphones as a Tool for Analytical Chemistry Represented by an Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Assay (2015)

Smartphones are popular devices frequently equipped with sensitive sensors and great computational ability. Despite the widespread availability of smartphones, practical uses in analytical chemistry are limited, though some papers have proposed promising applications. In the present paper, a smartphone is used as a tool for the determination of cholinesterasemia i.e., the determination of a biochemical marker butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The work should demonstrate suitability of a smartphone-integrated camera for analytical purposes. Paper strips soaked with indoxylacetate were used for the determination of BChE activity, while the standard Ellman's assay was used as a reference measurement. In the smartphone-based assay, BChE converted indoxylacetate to indigo blue and coloration was photographed using the phone's integrated camera. A RGB color model was analyzed and color values for the individual color channels were determined. The assay was verified using plasma samples and samples containing pure BChE, and validated using Ellmans's assay. The smartphone assay was proved to be reliable and applicable for routine diagnoses where BChE serves as a marker (liver function tests; some poisonings, etc.). It can be concluded that the assay is expected to be of practical applicability because of the results' relevance.
First ever simultaneous release of a Bollywood blockbuster in theatres and on internet (2005)

No abstract available.
Glial Cell Loss in the Hippocampus of Alcoholics (1999)

Alcohol abuse is often accompanied by cognitive impairment. Memory and concentration problems, especially, are described in neuropsychologically tested abstinent alcoholics. This impairment seems to be reversible, because a neuropsychological study has reported that after >5 years of abstinence, former alcoholics performed normally compared with a control group. The neuropathological correlate to the cognitive impairment associated with alcoholism is still under debate. Hippocampus is an area of the brain primarily involved in learning and memory, and the hippocampus is affected in several demential diseases. Over recent years, it has become evident that the glial cells in the brain, especially the astrocytes, play a central part in many activities that are critical to the normal functions of the brain. The total number of neuron and glial cells in the hippocampus was estimated in five severely affected alcoholics and five controls with an unbiased stereological technique: the optical fractionator. A statistically significant loss of 37% of the glial cells was found globally in the hippocampus of the alcoholics compared with controls. A reduction of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and, to a lesser degree, microglial cells accounted for this loss. No loss of neurons was found in the hippocampus from alcoholics. The loss of glial cells and the potential for regeneration of these cells after cessation of alcohol abuse is discussed in the light of the results of clinical studies of former alcoholics.
A Framework for Power-Gating Functional Units in Embedded Microprocessors (2009)

Power gating is a technique commonly used for leakage reduction in integrated circuits. In microprocessors, power gating is implemented by using sleep transistors to selectively deactivate circuit modules that remain idle for sustained periods of time during program execution. In this work, we develop a new framework for power gating the functional units in embedded system microprocessors without degradation in performance. The proposed framework includes an efficient algorithm for idle time estimation, appropriate insertion of sleep instructions within the code, and a method for reactivating the sleeping units only when needed without the use of wakeup instructions. We introduce the notion of loop hierarchy trees (LHTs) to represent the partial ordering of the nested loops within the program. From the control flow graph (CFG) representation of the source program, a forest of LHTs is constructed and is used to identify the maximal subgraphs representing the long idle periods for the functional units. For each subgraph thus identified, a sleep instruction is introduced in the program with a list of corresponding functional units to be deactivated. When an instruction is decoded, the functional units needed for that instruction are automatically activated by the control unit such that the units are ready before the instruction reaches the execute stage. This eliminates the need for wakeup instructions to be inserted into the object code reducing the overheads. In our implementation, the ARM processor architecture was modified and resynthesized to include power gating by developing a CMOS cell library of functional units with the above capabilities. Experimental results are reported for a set of 12 benchmarks chosen from the MiBench suite, which indicate that, on average, our technique reduces the leakage energy in functional units by 31.1% for integer benchmarks and 26.8% for floating-point benchmarks.
Delivery characteristics of a low-resistance dry-powder inhaler used to deliver the long-acting muscarinic antagonist glycopyrronium (2013)

The glycopyrronium capsule-based DPI delivered a higher FPF and greater and more consistent intrathoracic deposition irrespective of age and disease severity compared to the tiotropium capsule-based DPI, suggesting that it may be suitable for use by patients with a wide range of COPD severities.
Application of a screening test for antibody the hepatitis B core antigen. (1977)

Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was prepared from human liver tissue and used in an immunoelectro-osmophoresis screening test to detect antibody to HBcAg (anti-HBc) in patients with evidence of liver disease and in blood donors. With the exception of two immunosuppressed HBsAg carriers, anti-HBc was found in all cases of hepatitis B infection even when HBsAg was detectable only by radioimmunoassay. Non-specific reactions were observed in 'non-B' hepatitis but, in spite of this problem, antib-HBc screening was considered a useful addition to routine tests in the clinical hepatitis laboratory.
Sympathetic neurons can produce and respond to interleukin 6 (1998)

Neuronal expression of cytokines is an area of active investigation in the contexts of development, disease, and normal neural function. Although cultured rat sympathetic neurons respond very weakly to exogenous interleukin 6 (IL-6), we find that addition of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and IL-6 enhances neuronal survival in the absence of nerve growth factor. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 block these effects. Addition of IL-6 and sIL-6R also induces a subset of neuropeptide and transmitter synthetic enzyme mRNAs identical to that demonstrated for leukemia inhibitory factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and oncostatin M. Both of these effects are duplicated by addition of a highly active fusion protein of sIL-6R and IL-6, covalently linked by a flexible peptide chain, which is designated H-IL-6. In addition, we show that sympathetic neurons produce IL-6. In situ hybridization indicates a neuronal localization of IL-6 mRNA in superior cervical ganglia, and bioactive IL-6 protein is detected in ganglion culture supernatants. Interestingly, the IL-6 produced by sympathetic neurons does not lead to survival of these cells in culture unless sIL-6R is added. Thus, sympathetic neurons can produce IL-6 and may respond to it in an autocrine/paracrine manner if sIL-6R is present. Moreover, the prior findings of sIL-6R in serum and inflammatory fluids now have added interest in the context of neuro-immune interactions.
Interest and characterization of a hybrid CoWP/SiCN architecture for sub-65 nrn technology nodes (2006)

International audience
Simulation methodology and flow integration for 3D IC stress management (2010)

A new methodology to bridge package and silicon domain simulations is demonstrated using a new data file to facilitate stress information exchange. The flow integration uses equivalent stress conditions to replace sensitive process information and parameterized modules to minimize user interventions for 3D IC stress simulations.
Synthesis and cardiotonic activity of 2-substituted 5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acids and their methyl or ethyl esters. (1992)

The synthesis of ethyl or methyl esters of 5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3- pyridinecarboxylic acids carrying as 2-substituent a polar group such as CO2C2H5, (CH2)2CO2CH3, (CH2)3CO2C2H5, CH2OCH3, or CF3 group is described. Also 2-[5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridyl]-2- oxoacetic acid and 2,5,6,8-tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-1H-thiopyrano[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carbon itrile were prepared. Nearly all the above esters gave routinely the corresponding carboxylic acids by alkaline hydrolysis followed by acidification. As milrinone analogues, the above compounds were tested on contractile activity and frequency rate of spontaneously beating atria from reserpine-treated guinea-pigs. 5-Cyano-2-trifluoromethyl-1,6- dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and, in a lesser degree, the relative ethyl ester showed an appreciable positive inotropic activity, although inferior to that of milrinone.
Natural Potentials in Well Logging (1944)

Abstract The almost universal acceptance of electrical logging by the petroleum industrycalls for a critical examination of the physical bases of the common methods.This is particularly needed for the natural potential log. The conventionalexplanations are based on the phenomena of electro filtration and electroosmosis. However, experimental data show that they fail to give a basis that isquantitatively sound. Moreover, they lead to interpretations of details ofelectrical logs that are erroneous. It was found experimentally that when a plug of shale is placed in a chain ofdissimilar electrolytes, a current flow results. Experiments on oil-well coresand fluids similar to those existing in wells show that potentials are set upwhich are in reasonable agreement with those encountered in electrical logging.Doubtless other sources of potential are important but this explanation notonly accounts for much of the potential but also clarifies some fairly familiarexamples of misinterpretations. Introduction The extraordinary value of electrical well logging as a tool for petroleumengineers and geologists is now so universally recognized that it is notnecessary to point out the ways in which it can be useful. It is sufficient tomention only the saving that has resulted from the elimination of much coringthat would have been necessary under former practices and the considerableadditions to reserves resulting from the discovery of sands missed incoring. Paradoxically, the very remarkable success that has resulted from theapplication of electrical logging to correlation and completion problems hascost some of its most consistent users dearly. 1 The fact that some operatorshave placed unwarranted faith in erroneous interpretations of electrical logsdoes not reduce the value of the logs. It should, however, make one pause longenough to ask why experienced users should be misled. The answer to thisquestion is not hard to find. In nearly every case, the fault has beenoversimplification. This is illustrated very aptly by the familiarinterpretation and theory of the natural potential log. Recording and Interpreting Logs The natural potential log is extremely simple to record precisely enough forall present-day uses. One needs only an electrode, a cable to lower theelectrode through the drilling mud, a recording meter and a surface groundconnection. The electrode can be elaborate but need not be. A simple brass rod2 in. in diameter and 2 or 3 in. long is quite satisfactory. The cable need notbe particularly well insulated, nor need it have a very low resistance. T.P. 1626