gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors of influence on acute skin toxicity of breast cancer patients treated with standard three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) after breast conserving surgery (BCS) (2012)

Patients treated in this study showed less objectively documented skin toxicity after 50 Gy 3D-CRT compared to similar patient cohorts. Factors associated with higher grade skin toxicity were smoking during 3D-CRT, absence of allergies and larger breast volumes.
Comprehensive Utilization of Temporal and Spatial Domain Outlier Detection Methods for Mobile Terrestrial LiDAR Data (2011)

Terrestrial LiDAR provides many disciplines with an effective and efficient means of producing realistic three-dimensional models of real world objects. With the advent of mobile terrestrial LiDAR, this ability has been expanded to include the rapid collection of three-dimensional models of large urban scenes. For all its usefulness, it does have drawbacks. One of the major problems faced by the LiDAR industry today is the automatic removal of outlying data points from LiDAR point clouds. This paper discusses the development and combined implementation of two methods of performing outlier detection in georeferenced point clouds. These methods made use of the raw data available from most time-of-flight mobile terrestrial LiDAR scanners in both the temporal and spatial domains. The first method involved a moving fixed interval smoother derived from the well-known position velocity acceleration Kalman Filter. The second method fitted a quadratic curved surface to sections of LiDAR data. The combined use of these routines is discussed through examples with real LiDAR data.
Regioselective mono-oxidation of non-protected carbohydrates by brominolysis of the tin intermediates. (1989)

Most of the glycosides examined were smoothly oxidized by the bis-tributyltin oxide-bromine method without protection of the other hydroxyl groups to the mono-oxo derivatives in high yield and with high regioselectivity. The regioselectivity (position of oxidation) can be predicted from two independent rules : anomeric control (the oxidation takes place at C-3 for the glycosides which have an equatorial glycosidic linkage and at C-4 for those which have an axial glycosidic linkage) and axial oxidation for cis-1, 2 glycols.
Cling: A memory allocator to mitigate dangling pointers (2010)

Use-after-free vulnerabilities exploiting so-called dangling pointers to deallocated objects are just as dangerous as buffer overflows: they may enable arbitrary code execution. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art defenses against use-after-free vulnerabilities require compiler support, pervasive source code modifications, or incur high performance overheads. This paper presents and evaluates Cling, a memory allocator designed to thwart these attacks at runtime. Cling utilizes more address space, a plentiful resource on modern machines, to prevent typeunsafe address space reuse among objects of different types. It infers type information about allocated objects at runtime by inspecting the call stack of memory allocation routines. Cling disrupts a large class of attacks against use-after-free vulnerabilities, notably including those hijacking the C++ virtual function dispatch mechanism, with low CPU and physical memory overhead even for allocation intensive applications. 1
A Precision Direct-Reading Densitometer<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J09927">*</xref>--> (1942)

A photoelectric densitometer of the direct-reading type is described. A logarithmic amplifier circuit has been modified so as to give an accurately linear output with high stability. The instrument covers a density range of 0 to 3.0. Pertinent optical, electrical, and performance factors are discussed.
Approaching the Golden Age of Natural Product Pharmaceuticals from Venom Libraries: An Overview of Toxins and Toxin-Derivatives Currently Involved in Therapeutic or Diagnostic Applications (2007)

Poisons and the toxins found in venomous and poisonous organisms have been the focus of much research over the past 70 years, most of which has been directed at understanding the biochemical and physiological mechanisms by which they elicit their dramatic pathological consequences. Much knowledge has been gained in terms of how poisons and venoms and their composite toxins give rise to the syndromes associated with envenoming and poisoning and in some isolated cases there have been a few such agents promoted for therapeutic use. However, it has only been in the past decade that an explosion of interest has occurred in mining these natural, highly evolved libraries of bioactive toxins and poisons for use in pharmacotherapeutics as drugs or drug leads as well as in diagnostic applications. We ascribe this recent phenomenon to advances in toxinology which have provided investigators with a relatively thorough understanding of the nature of venoms and their biologically active toxins: particularly with regard to the peptidomes and proteomes of venoms. This is in conjunction with our greatly improved understanding of the etiology of many human diseases and the identification of sites of potential therapeutic intervention. In this review we provide an overview of some of the toxins, toxin derivatives or poisons from animal venoms and secretions which are in various stages of development for use as pharmaceuticals or diagnostics in human diseases. As one will recognize, developments in this field suggest that toxinology is now entering a golden age in terms of the identification and use of toxins as potent novel pharmaceuticals.
A Prediction of Weight Reduction and Performance Improvements Attainable through the use of Fiber Reinforced Composites in I.C. Engines (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Fiber Reinforced Composites (FRCs) offer the possibility for reduced mass and increased performance in internal combustion engines, yet the automotive and aerospace industries have been slow to adopt these materials. Extensive research has been done over the past 25 years, producing nearly every components of an internal combustion engine out of some form of FRC. This Previous work is summarized herein. A prediction of engine weight reduction is made for direct substitution of FRCs. An additional prediction is made to quantify the additive effects of mass reduction on component mass, and power. It is estimated that engine mass might be reduced by as much as 70% using FRCs and reciprocating mass might be reduced by as much as 90%. In addition, increased mechanical efficiency on the order of 2% may be possible from reduced inertial and frictional loads.</div>
Detection of receptors for murine B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF1): presence of functional receptors on CBA/N splenic B cells. (1987)

The presence of receptors specific for murine B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF1) was demonstrated by utilizing an internally radiolabeled recombinant BSF1. Radiolabeled BSF1 was efficiently produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with a cloned mRNA for BSF1 and 35S-methionine. The labeled BSF1 specifically bound to splenic B cells. A Scatchard analysis indicated the existence of one class of receptor sites. BSF1 receptors were found to be distributed on a wide range of hematopoietic lineage cells, including B cells, T cells, macrophages, and mast cells. B cells from CBA/N mice with the xid gene defect had a similar level of BSF1 binding capacity compared with BALB/c strain B cells, and responded well to insoluble anti-Ig and BSF1 in proliferation assays, indicating that CBA/N B cells express functional BSF1 receptors at normal levels. Pre-B cell lines showed low levels of BSF1 binding, suggesting that cells in the B cell lineage acquire BSF1 responsiveness early in development.
심해저 망간단괴 수력펌핑 양광시스템에서의 비정상 유동모델에 의한 해석 (1999)

심해저 망간단괴를 양광하기 위한 장치 중 하나인 수력펌핑 양광 시스템은 망간단괴와 해수로 구성된 고-액 2상류의 유동이 양광관에서 이루어지며, 특히 시스템이 가동된후부터 불안정한 운전상태인 비정상 유동상태가 진행된다. 이러한 불안정한 시스템 상태는 망간단괴가 양광관에서 선상으로 토출되는 시기 이후까지 지속되다가 시스템의 안정상태인 정상유동 상태로 전이된다. 이때, 정상유동 상태의 시스템으로 전이되는 유동특성을 분석함으로써 주어진 환경에서 시스템 운전이 원할히 수행되는지를 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이러한 고-액 2상류의 비정상 유동특성에 대한 분석은 Navier-Stokes 식을 기본으로 고-액 2상류의 운동 방정식과 연속 방정식을 이용한 전산실험을 통해 이루어 졌다.
Tangible viewpoints (2002)

Over the centuries, stories have moved from the physical environment (around campfires and on the stage), to the printed page, then to movie, television, and computer screens. Today, using wireless and tag sensing technologies, story creators are able to bring digital stories back into our physical environment. The Tangible Viewpoints project explores how physical objects and augmented surfaces can be used as tangible embodiments of different character perspectives in a multiple point-of-view interactive narrative. These graspable surrogates provide a more direct mode of navigation to the story world, bringing us closer to bridging the gap between the separate realms of bits and atoms within the field of digital storytelling.
Improved analysis of a bearingless switched reluctance motor (2001)

Bearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. Bearingless switched reluctance motors have combined characteristics of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. Production of radial force for rotor shaft magnetic suspension is explained with differential stator windings. Mathematical relations between motor currents and radial force are derived by considering cross coupling and fringing fluxes. Theoretical relationships are verified with experimental results at partial overlap positions.
Estimation of noise-corrupted speech DFT-spectrum using the pitch period (1994)

This paper describes a method for utilizing the quasi-periodicity of speech in a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) log-amplitude, either for speech enhancement or for noise-robust speech recognition. The estimator takes into account the periodicity by conditioning the estimate of voiced speech on the distance between the frequency of any given DFT coefficient and the nearest harmonic: if the DFT coefficient lies in the vicinity of a harmonic, the a priori probability distribution (PD) of its amplitude centers around higher values than if it lies halfway between two harmonics. Thus, knowing the pitch narrows down the a priori PD, improving the estimate. The DFT estimator is combined with a mixture model for the broadband spectral PD, so that correlations between distant frequencies are partially taken into account. The algorithm has been tested with computer-room noise using an MSE criterion for the spectral envelope, defined by Mel-scale filter-bank log energies, and in recognition experiments. The incorporation of correlations in the broadband spectrum improves recognition accuracy significantly; the periodicity conditioning reduces the MSE for voiced speech, but recognition accuracy is not improved because the overwhelming majority of errors occur in unvoiced speech.
Review: <i>First Expedition of Vargas into New Mexico, 1692</i>, by J. Manuel Espinosa (1941)

Book Review| June 01 1941 Review: First Expedition of Vargas into New Mexico, 1692, by J. Manuel Espinosa First Expedition of Vargas into New Mexico, 1692J. Manuel Espinosa Peter M. Dunne Peter M. Dunne Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1941) 10 (2): 223–224. https://doi.org/10.2307/3633641 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Peter M. Dunne; Review: First Expedition of Vargas into New Mexico, 1692, by J. Manuel Espinosa. Pacific Historical Review 1 June 1941; 10 (2): 223–224. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3633641 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1941 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Automated Extraction of Inductive Invariants to Aid Model Checking (2007)

Model checking can be aided by inductive invariants, small local properties that can be proved by simple induction. We present a way to automatically extract inductive invariants from a design and then prove them. The set of candidate invariants is broad, expensive to prove, and many invariants can be shown to not be helpful to model checking. In this work, we develop a new method for systematically exploring the space of candidate inductive invariants, which allows us to find and prove invariants that are few in number and immediately help the problem at hand. This method is applied to interpolation where invariants are used to refute an error trace and help discard spurious counterexamples.
Adeno-Associated Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Large Animals and Their Impact on Brain Intraparenchymal Gene Transfer (2018)

Pre-existing neutralizing antibody (NAb) against adeno-associated virus (AAV) commonly found in primates is a major host barrier that can severely compromise <i>in vivo</i> gene transfer by AAV vectors. To achieve proof-of-concept success in clinical development of recombinant AAV (rAAV)-based <i>in vivo</i> gene therapy, it is crucial to consider the potential interference of NAb and to enroll serologically compatible study subjects. In this study, we report a large AAV NAb dataset comprising multiple large animal species and AAV serotypes and compare two NAb assays based on <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i> transduction inhibition, respectively. Together with previously published AAV seroepidemiology studies, these data can serve as a reference for selecting suitable serotypes, study subjects of large animal species, and potentially human patients for rAAV treatment. In addition, we modeled the intrathalamus rAAV9 delivery in the presence of circulating anti-AAV9 NAb generated by either pre-immunization or passive transfer of NAb-positive large animal serum to mice. The data showed that circulating NAb may not be the sole determinant to inhibit brain transduction. Other aspects of pre-existing AAV immunity following natural infection or rAAV administration may be further studied to establish a more accurate inclusion criterion for clinical studies employing intraparenchymal rAAV9 injections.
A CMOS multi-format read/write soc for 7x blu-ray/16x DVD/56|CD (2005)

An SoC for high-speed read and write functions is designed for multi-formats of 7/spl times/BD/16/spl times/DVD/56/spl times/CD at channel bit rates of 462/418/242Mbit/s. The data is detected by a PRML detector. The ECC CODEC for all formats is integrated as a single RS-CODEC. The SoC is implemented as a 30mm/sup 2/ die in a 0.18 /spl mu/m 1P6M CMOS process and consumes 1.0/0.9/0.7W in 7/spl times/BD/16/spl times/DVD/56/spl times/CD playback modes.
Plant Broth- (Not Bovine-) Based Culture Media Provide the Most Compatible Vegan Nutrition for In Vitro Culturing and In Situ Probing of Plant Microbiota (2020)

Plant microbiota support the diversity and productivity of plants. Thus, cultivation-dependent approaches are indispensable for in vitro manipulation of hub taxa. Despite recent advances in high-throughput methods, cultivability is lagging behind other environmental microbiomes, notably the human microbiome. As a plant-based culturing strategy, we developed culture media based on a broth of cooked aqueous mixtures of host plants. This improved the in vitro growth of representative isolates of plant microbiota and extended the in situ recovery of plant microbiota. With clover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of representative isolates confirmed the predominance of Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, and less frequently Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Whereas bovine-based culture media (modified R2A) confined the diversity to Firmicutes, the plant broth-based culture media revealed a wider scope of endophytes beyond rhizobia, i.e., multiple genera such as Chryseobacterium, Cronobacter, Kosakonia, Tsukamurella, and a potentially/presumptive novel species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MADI-TOF) analysis clustered isolates according to their plant niches, the endo-phyllosphere/endo-rhizosphere. We recommend the plant broth for simplicity, reproducibility and perdurable storage, supporting future culturomics applications, good laboratory practice (GLP) and good manufacturing practice (GMP). The strategy creates an “in-situ-similis” vegan nutritional matrix to analyze microbial diversity and reveal novel microbial resources pertinent to biotechnological and environmental applications.
Testicular germ cells can colonize sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad and produce functional eggs in fish (2006)

Understanding the mechanisms that regulate germ-cell development is crucial to reproductive medicine and animal production. Animal gametes originally derive from sexually undifferentiated primordial germ cells (PGCs), which develop into mitotic germ cells (oogonia or spermatogonia) before proceeding to meiosis [Wylie, C. (1999) Cell 96, 165-174]. Spermatogonia are thought to include a population of cells with stem cell activity, which proliferate throughout the lifespan of male animals and produce spermatozoa [Zhao, G. Q. & Garbers, D. L. (2002) Dev. Cell 2, 537-547]. However, the functional differences between PGCs and spermatogonial stem cells are poorly understood. Here we show that transplanted adult testicular germ cells can colonize sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonads and resume gametogenesis. Testicular germ cells containing spermatogonial stem cells isolated from adult male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of newly hatched embryos of both sexes, and the behavior of the donor cells was observed. The testicular germ cells differentiated into spermatozoa in male recipients and fully functional eggs in female recipients. Furthermore, the donor-derived spermatozoa and eggs obtained from the recipient fish were able to produce normal offspring. These findings indicate that fish testicular germ cells, probably spermatogonial stem cells, possess a high level of developmental plasticity and sexual bipotency, even after the animal reaches maturity. Furthermore, our results suggest that spermatogonial stem cells are at least partly functionally similar to PGCs.
Time-varying feedback stabilization of nonholonomic car-like mobile robots (1990)

Many nonholonomic mechanical systems, such as car-like mobile robots, are controllable but cannot be stabilized to given positions and orientations by using smooth pure-state feedback control. However, as shown in [18], such systems may still be stabilized by using smooth time-varying feedbacks, i.e. feedbacks which explicitly depend on the time-variable. This possibility is here applied to the stabilization of a class of nonlinear systems whose equations encompass simple car models. A set of stabilizing smooth time-varying feedbacks is derived and simulation results are given.
Achromatic optical phase shifter–modulator (2001)

We propose and demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, a novel achromatic optical phase shifter-modulator based on a frequency-domain optical delay line configured to maintain zero group delay as variable phase delay is generated by means of tilting a mirror. Compared with previously reported phase shifter-modulators, e.g., based on the Pancharatnam (geometric) phase, our device is high speed and polarization insensitive and produces a large, bounded phase delay that, uniquely, is one-to-one mapped to a measurable parameter, the tilt angle.
Edkins and a Century of Acid Suppression (2005)

In 1905, John Edkins (1863-1940) undertook the studies of gastrin that have subsequently formed the basis for a century of investigation into the physiological basis of acid secretion and led to the elucidation of a variety of acid-suppressive pharmacological agents that have revolutionized the management of acid peptic disease. Although his name is known to few, his contributions to the physiology of gastric secretion and his study of spiral organisms in the stomach were prescient and to this day remain models of insightful and rigorous research. As a mentor, his educational impact was exemplified by the fact that he was the first to teach physiology to women in the United Kingdom. Gastrin has evolved from an initially unaccepted phenomenon, to be recognized as an important hormone and a fundamental component of regulatory biology as well as a clinically relevant biomarker of disease. Its critical role in the modulation of acid secretion has become a sine qua non and has been extended to include a broad regulatory proliferative role in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. The pivotal role of gastrin in gastric physiology, biology and clinical medicine is now well accepted and reflects the fundamental contributions that Edkins made to the identification of the agent and the elucidation of its function. As a result of the delineation of the neural and hormonal regulatory mechanisms of acid secretion, the scientific basis of acid peptic disease has become apparent. The identification of histamine receptors and proton pumps has led to the discovery of novel pharmacotherapeutic agents capable of producing acid suppression of such efficacy that surgery has become virtually obsolete in the treatment of the disease process. A century after the initial observations by Edkins of gastrin, the identification of Helicobacter pylori and the ability to eradicate it, as well as the use of the proton pump inhibitor class of drugs, have revolutionized the management of gastroduodenal ulceration and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Both patients and physicians owe a great debt to Edkins, whose seminal observations regarding gastrin initiated an era of gastrointestinal scientific, clinical and pharmacological advance that has culminated in the ability to treat and cure acid peptic disease.
63.3: High Resolution OTFT‐OLED on Plastic Substrate Using Self‐organized Process (2007)

Abstract A high resolution (2 inch, 80 dpi) organic thin‐film transistor driven light‐emitting diode has been developed on plastic substrate. The pentacene OTFT array was fabricated using self‐organized process. The TFT in the array exhibited an average field‐effect mobility of ∼1 cm 2 /Vs, an on/off current ratio of 10 7 , and a threshold voltage of ∼ −8 V after the bank formation with parylene‐C / SiN x , which is good enough to drive OLEDs. An AMOLED was driven in the bent state of 100 mm radius.
"I" and "We" (1974)

The society of his peers is a necessary prerequisite to the full development of the child's personality. Through it, the child acquires modes of social conduct; he learns how to live in harmony with others, to play, work, and study in a group, and to work within a group toward a common goal.
Off-the-Shelf Colorimetric Anion Sensors This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant GM 58907) and the Texas Advanced Research Program. (2001)

No elaborate syntheses are required to generate colorimetric anion sensors. Rather, many commercially available chromophores (dyes) with built-in hydrogen bond donor sites have been found to act as “off-the-shelf” anion indicators (see scheme). These species allow for the so-called naked eye detection of fluoride, chloride, and phosphate anions under a range of conditions.