gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of alkyldicarbonylcyclopentadienyliron complexes with phosphorus ligands (1971)

In acetonitrile the reaction of RFe(CO)2(π-C5H5)(R = Me, Et, or Pri) with phosphorus ligands leads to the formation of the acyl complexes RCOFe(CO)(L)(π-C5H5). Examination of the 1H n.m.r. spectra of the complexes shows evidence of diastereotopic shielding by an asymmetric iron atom. Kinetic measurements are interpreted in terms of an intermediate, which is not specifically solvated. The acyl complexes RCOFe(CO)(L)(π-C5H5)[R = Et or Pri; L = PPh3, PPhMe2, PPh2Me, or P(OPh)3] on reaction with Ph3C+BF4– give the cationic complexes [(π-C5H5)Fe(CO)2L]+BF4–.
Photoinduced surface morphology improvement and preferential orientation enhancement in film deposition of evaporated ZnS (1986)

Surface photoionization durign the deposition of evaporated ZnS resulted in surface morphology improvement and preferential orientation enhancement of films deposited on quartz and sapphire substrates. Such film quality improvement was induced with very low intensity light as long as photon energy was greater than the band-gap energy of deposited ZnS. These features of the photoinduced effect suggest that enhancement of surface adatom rearrangement occurs through a certain nonthermal process resulting from an excited carrier. Such a nonthermal effect is essentially important for lowering the epitaxial growth temperature.
Continuation Support of Conversation by Recommending Next Topics Relating to a Present Topic (2016)

This paper proposes a conversation support system that recommends next topics relating to the present topic. The purpose of the proposed system is to support to continue conversation. The proposed system detects spoken words of two users, makes a log text of conversation. Then, the system extracts the present topic from the log text of conversation, and evaluates the relations between the present topic and next topic candidates. The system chooses next topics and recommends them to the users. The proposed system has an interface of Head Mounted Display (HMD) showing a log text of conversation, a word of the present topic, and words of the next topic. One of the users wearing the HMD can grasp what topic is talked, and choose a next topic from recommended them. The users can continue conversations by talking about recommended topics. Experimental results showed that the proposed system could support to continue conversations. We also found that the proposed system supported users to obtain equal chances to speak.
Strengthening of Fibrous Tissues under Mechanical Stimuli. (In vitro Experiments). (1998)

The effects of mechanical stimuli on fibroblasts have been investigated, using the collagen gel culture method. A specimen of thin collagen gel membrane, involving cells, was supported by stainless steel wire mesh and subjected to static or dynamic uniaxial tensile/compressive load in an incubator. The cell alignment, the shrinkage of collagen gel matrix, and mechanical properties of the specimens have been examined. We found that both of static and dynamic loads strengthened the collagen matrix. From the morphological evidences, the dynamic stimuli were concluded to be effective in matrix strengthening. However, since the specimens were not strengthened uniformly and portions of compressive stresses remained weak, the macroscopic tensile test failed to show the differences of the mechanical properties between the specimens under static and dynamic stimuli.
Strain management of AlGaN-based distributed Bragg reflectors with GaN interlayer grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2016)

We report the crack-free growth of a 45-pair Al0.30Ga0.70N/Al0.04Ga0.96N distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) on 2 in. diameter AlN/sapphire template by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. To mitigate the cracking issue originating from the tensile strain of Al0.30Ga0.70N on GaN, an AlN template was employed in this work. On the other hand, strong compressive strain experienced by Al0.04Ga0.96N favors 3D island growth, which is undesired. We found that inserting an 11 nm thick GaN interlayer upon the completion of AlN template layer properly managed the strain such that the Al0.30Ga0.70N/Al0.04Ga0.96N DBR was able to be grown with an atomically smooth surface morphology. Smooth surfaces and sharp interfaces were observed throughout the structure using high-angle annular dark-field imaging in the STEM. The 45-pair AlGaN-based DBR provided a peak reflectivity of 95.4% at λ = 368 nm with a bandwidth of 15 nm.
Analysis of high order dispersion and non linear effects in fiber optic transmission with Non Linear Schrodinger Equation model (2015)

In a long-haul optical fiber transmission system which uses a high power input and a long distance transmission, disturbances can occur during the propagation process. These disturbances can be categorized into linear and non-linear effects which are affected by the intensity dependence of fiber optic refractive index n. These effects are divided into several orders and analyzed separately since each of the orders has different effects. In this paper, dispersion which is part of the linear effect and some of the non linear effects are analyzed. More specifically, the main focus of this paper will be on the phenomena of pulse broadening, oscillation and spectral evolution that occur within a signal pulse. A novel approach which is based on the modeling of high order method in NLSE were proposed in this paper in order to detect and analyze those effects. This new scheme is based on the high order sequence of NLSE which will be used to classify the effects of the parameters. Furthermore, various chirping methods for each input pulse were also discussed to compare the chirped and unchirped pulses. Consequently, it was found that the chirping method affected the dispersion result due to the dependencies of high order parameter with respect to the chirping constants. Further analysis of the MATLAB results is also presented in this paper based on each output.
The Physiology of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (1997)

A fundamental knowledge of muscle and nerve physiology is crucial to the understanding and appropriate application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for children. This report presents a brief discussion of the physiology and theory supporting the use of NMES, including explanation of various waveforms, factors influencing fatigue, and stimulus parameters. Precautions and contraindications for the use of NMES, specifically as they relate to the pediatric population, are highlighted. Also, various therapeutic applications and their rationale are introduced.
Comparing Hilditch, Rosenfeld, Zhang-Suen,And Nagendraprasad -Wang-Gupta Thinning (2011)

This paper compares Hilditch, Rosenfeld, Zhang- Suen, dan Nagendraprasad Wang Gupta (NWG) thinning algorithms for Javanese character image recognition. Thinning is an effective process when the focus in not on the size of the pattern, but rather on the relative position of the strokes in the pattern. The research analyzes the thinning of 60 Javanese characters. Time-wise, Zhang-Suen algorithm gives the best results with the average process time being 0.00455188 seconds. But if we look at the percentage of pixels that meet one-pixel thickness, Rosenfelt algorithm gives the best results, with a 99.98% success rate. From the number of pixels that are erased, NWG algorithm gives the best results with the average number of pixels erased being 84.12%. It can be concluded that the Hilditch algorithm performs least successfully compared to the other three algorithms.
Real-time statistical rules for spam detection (2006)

Summary Spam detections fall into two categories: rule-based and statistical-based. The former refers to the detection which is performed by looking for spam-liked patterns in an email. Since the rules can be shared, they have been popularized quickly. The rules, however, are built manually it is hard to keep them up with the variation of spam. The statistical-based method, on the other hand, is possible to make the detector retrained quickly, but knowledge obtained from this method is unable to be shared among the servers. We, therefore, proposed a statistical rule-based method for spam detection. A widely used rule set Chinese_rules.cf, for SpamAssassin to catch spam written in Chinese is generated by this method. It can be updated automatically and can also be shared among servers. A generating process of the Chinese_rules.cf is described. Factors that control the rule’s performance are discussed.
FERMENTED ONION (Allium cepa) JUICE SUPPLEMENTATION TO BROILERS (2013)

The study was about the effects of fermented onion juice (FOJ) to the growth performance of broilers. Straight run Cobb broiler chickens were grouped into three. Group one was given the traditional vitamin and antibiotic supplementation while the other group was supplemented with fermented onion juice and the third group, plain water. The feeds conversion ratio; average live weight and broiler efficiency score were compared using ANOVA. It was found out that birds supplemented with FOJ had better performance to broilers not receiving the supplements. This performance was comparable to the birds that were given antibiotic and vitamin preparations.
The Ludloff Metatarsal Osteotomy: Guidelines for Optimal Correction Based on a Geometric Analysis Conducted on a Sawbone Model (2003)

Ideally, osteotomy for hallux valgus deformities corrects varus angle and pronation, while minimizing elevation, depression, and shortening. We used a serial linkage tracking device to evaluate five variations of the Ludloff osteotomy, a stable proximal metatarsal osteotomy that incorporates an oblique dorsal to plantar cut and a lateral swing or pivoting correction of the dorsal fragment. A neutral osteotomy (perpendicular to the sagittal plane) yielded the greatest correction (14 degrees) but with shortening (average, 2.85 mm), elevation (average, 1.36 mm), and additional pronation (average, 1.88 degrees). The same osteotomy angled 10 degrees plantarly with 8 degrees of correction produced an average of 1.57 degrees of supination, 1.22 mm of depression and, 0.54 mm of shortening. Additional plantar inclination (20 degrees) and angular correction (16 degrees) yielded increased depression, supination, and shortening. The current findings provide guidelines to achieve the desired correction and rotation and suggest that optimal results can be obtained by performing this osteotomy angled 10 degrees plantarly with a correction of 8 degrees to 16 degrees.
Dynamic Capillary Pressure Curve for Water/Oil Displacement in Porous Media: Theory vs. Experiment (1992)

Abstract The dependence of the capillary pressure on the flow rate, for two-phase flow in porous media, has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. A theoretical dynamic expression for the capillary pressure has been derived which involves a dynamic term which is proportional to the time derivative of the saturation. A series of waterfloods have been performed at different flow rates. While flowing the cores, capillary pressure and saturations have been locally measured. Capillary pressure has been found to depend on the flow rate as theoretically predicted: it increases with the flow rate and its derivative with respect to saturation mostly decreases when the flow rate is increased. The dynamic term is interpreted as the contribution of the viscous forces to the pressure drops. A strong impact of this dynamic expression on two-phase flow modelling and calculation of relative permeabilities has been found.
A double-blind trial of ademetionine vs naproxen in activated gonarthrosis. (1989)

The efficacy and safety of ademetionine (A) vs naproxen (N) were tested in a double-blind trial carried out in 20 patients, each with activated gonarthrosis. The trial lasted 6 weeks. During the first week, A was administered at a daily dose of 3 x 400 mg and afterwards at a dose of 2 x 400 mg, whereas the daily dose of N during the first week was 3 x 250 mg and subsequently 2 x 250 mg. During the first two weeks, the patients were allowed to take paracetamol as an additional analgesic. The patients were examined at the beginning of the study and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The parameters tested were: pain (under different conditions), crepitation, joint swelling, circumference of joint, extent of motility and walking time over 10 meters. In addition to the usual laboratory tests, the serum keratane-sulphate concentrations (with monoclonal antibodies according to the ELISA technique of Eugene et al. [1985]) were also determined. At the end of the 6th week no statistically significant difference between the two patient groups treated was found; both groups exhibited a marked improvement on all parameters. At the end of medication, the keratane-sulphate concentrations were not significantly changed. Five patients under A and 3 under N reported gastrointestinal side effects which were possibly drug-related. This study, performed in a small number of patients, showed a good efficacy and safety of ademetionine. Only further studies on a larger scale will show the importance of ademetionine in the therapy of rheumatic diseases.
Sub-Micrometer-Sized Metal Tubes from Electrospun Fiber Templates (2005)

Metallic tubes have been synthesized by a polymer-based template approach using electroless deposition. Gold, copper, and nickel were deposited as thin films on sub-micrometer polymer fibers which ranged in diameter from approximately 160 to 400 nm. After thermal degradation of the template fibers at 300 and 650 degrees C, tubes between 450 and 730 nm were obtained with wall thicknesses of 50-150 nm. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction indicate that the tubes have a face-centered cubic structure with [111] preferred orientation for all of the metals investigated and that the tube walls are polycrystalline, composed of nanoparticles, ranging in size from 5.0 to 25.0 nm.
Strain-Softening Behavior of Waste Containment System Interfaces (1996)

Laboratory test results indicate that many geosynthetic interfaces in liners and covers for waste containment exhibit strain-softening behavior. A peak shear strength is mobilized at small displacements, but post-peak strength reductions occur with increasing displacement. Mechanisms that contribute to strain-softening include clay particle reorientation, geosynthetic polishing, and geosynthetic failure. Test results obtained from direct shear and torsional ring shear devices are summarized to illustrate these mechanisms. The design implications of strain-softening behavior are then investigated using analytical and numerical models. Deformations in the waste under gravity are sufficient in many cases to limit the available shear resistance along an interface to less than the peak strength. It is recommended that a factor of safety greater than one be achieved in all containment system slope designs, assuming that residual strengths are mobilized along the base of the entire containment system.
Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroxamic Acids (1971)

o-, m- and p-alkyloxybenzohydroxamic acids were synthesized and subjected to the examination for antibacterial and antifungal activity. All the hydroxamic acids tested were almost ineffective for pathogens examined of Enterobacteriaceae, but some of alkyloxybenzo- and fatty acyl-hydroxamic acid were found to be as highly effective for pathogenic fungi as butyl p-hydroxybenzoate being used as a comparison. The increase of carbon number of p-alkyloxybenzo- and fatty acyl-hydroxamic acid led to the increase in their antifungal activity, reached to the maximum at C6 in alkyloxy moiety and C10 in fatty acyl derivatives, and then the gradual decrease in both series. Considering the inhibitory power of hydroxamic acid on plant and bacterial urease, we discussed the possible correlation between antimicrobial activity and inhibitory powers on urease activity of the compounds.
Requirement for receptor‐bound urokinase in plasmin‐dependent cellular conversion of latent TGF‐β to TGF‐β (1994)

The role of receptor-bound urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in cellular activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta (LTGF-beta) was investigated in a model system of mouse LB6 cells transfected with either a human uPA receptor cDNA (LhuPAR+), a human prouPA cDNA (LhuPA), or a control neomycin-resistance cDNA (Lneo). When LhuPAR+ cells were co-cultured with LhuPA cells, the plasmin-dependent fibrinolytic activity generated was more than that observed in either homotypic cultures with fivefold greater number of LhuPA cells or co-cultures containing LhuPA and Lneo cells instead of the LhuPAR+ cells. The preferential activation of TGF-beta by co-cultures with the greatest plasmin-generation potential, LhuPAR+ and LhuPA cells, was confirmed by three independent bioassays. In the first assay, a 48% decrease in PA activity, a measure of active TGF-beta production, was observed with BAE cells treated with conditioned medium (CM) from co-cultures of LhuPA and LhuPAR+ cells. Inclusion of neutralizing antibodies to TGF-beta abrogated the inhibitory effect of CM on PA activity demonstrating that the inhibitory molecule was TGF-beta. Addition of the amino terminal fragment of uPA (ATF) or omission of plasminogen from co-cultures blocked both the fibrinolytic activity and the generation of TGF-beta activity in the CM. In the second assay, CM from co-cultures of LhuPA and LhuPAR+ cells inhibited the migration of BAE cells in a wound assay. Controls with anti-TGF-beta IgG indicated that the inhibition was due to TGF-beta. In the third assay, proliferation of mink lung epithelial cells was inhibited by CM generated by co-cultures of LhuPA and LhuPAR+ cells as compared to CM from the same cells cultured in the absence of plasminogen or to CM from a co-culture of LhuPA with LhuPAR- cells. Excess mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) blocked the generation of TGF-beta as assayed by both the BAE migration and PA assays, presumably because it interfered with cell-surface localization of LTGF-beta. Additionally, small numbers of LhuPA and LhuPAR+ cells co-cultured with BAE cells inhibited the BAE cell PA activity via the paracrine action of TGF-beta. These results support the conclusion that plasmin-dependent activation LTGF-beta by LB6 cells is promoted by the surface localization of uPA by its receptor.
Histopathology and clinical assessment correlate with the cysteine-serine-valine-threonine-cysteine-glycine (CSVTCG) receptor of thrombospondin-1 in breast tumors. (1997)

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matrix protein implicated in mechanisms of tumor metastasis. TSP-1 has a characteristic Cysteine-Serine-Valine-Threonine-Cysteine-Glycine (CSVTCG) sequence that functions as a tumor cell adhesion domain. Our laboratory has isolated a novel CSVTCG specific tumor cell receptor. Immunohistochemical staining techniques and computerized image analysis were used to identify and quantitate the CSVTCG receptor of TSP-1 in a wide spectrum of human archival breast tumors. Histopathologic and quantitative examination was correlated with clinical findings two years post operation. Increasing amounts of CSVTCG receptor correlated positively with worsening histopathologic and clinical findings. These findings suggest a role for the TSP-1 CSVTCG receptor in breast tumor progression. This receptor may have utility for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of this common and deadly disease.
Simulated annealing algorithms: an overview (1989)

A brief introduction is given to the actual mechanics of simulated annealing, and a simple example from an IC layout is used to illustrate how these ideas can be applied. The complexities and tradeoffs involved in attacking a realistically complex design problem are illustrated by dissecting two very different annealing algorithms for VLSI chip floorplanning. Several current research problems aimed at determining more precisely how and why annealing algorithms work are examined. Some philosophical issues raised by the introduction of annealing are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Age-Related Changes on the Surface of Vitreous Collagen Fibrils (2004)

Despite being a minor component of vitreous collagen fibrils, type IX collagen, probably by virtue of its chondroitin sulfate side-chains, shields type II collagen from exposure on the fibril surface. With aging, this shielding diminishes, resulting in the surface exposure of "sticky" type II collagen and thus predisposing the vitreous collagen fibrils to fusion. These changes could underlie vitreous liquefaction and weakening of vitreoretinal adhesion.
Brushless permanent-magnet motor design (1994)

Written for electrical, electronics and mechanical engineers responsible for designing and specifying motors, as well as motor topologies, this guide covers topics ranging from the fundamentals of generic motor design to concepts for designing brushless permanent-magnet motors. In addition, the author explains techniques for magnetic modelling and circuit analysis, shows how magnetic circuit analysis applies to motor design, describes major aspects of motor operation and design in simple mathematical terms, develops design equations for radial flux and axial flux motors, and illustrates basic motor drive schemes. The text aims to clearly define all common motor design terms.
Super-resolution in incoherent optical imaging using synthetic aperture with Fresnel elements (2010)

We present a new lensless incoherent holographic system operating in a synthetic aperture mode. Spatial resolution exceeding the Rayleigh limit of the system is obtained by tiling digitally several Fresnel holographic elements into a complete Fresnel hologram of the observed object. Each element is acquired by the limited-aperture system from different point of view. This method is demonstrated experimentally by combining three holographic elements recorded with white light illumination which is emitted from a binary grating.
A transcription factor with AP3-like binding specificity mediates gene regulation after an allergic triggering with IgE and Ag in mouse mast cells. (1994)

Mast cells are an important source of a number of lymphokines and chemokines primarily those released after challenge with the allergic trigger IgE and Ag. However, the mechanisms of lymphokine and chemokine gene activation in this cell type, as opposed to the mechanisms of activation in T cells, are poorly understood. As a model system, we addressed this issue in mast cells by using the recently cloned chemokine MARC gene, which belongs to the RANTES/sis gene family. After allergic stimulation, MARC induction is pronounced and mast cell specific. Northern blot analysis, in combination with two inhibitors, actinomycin D and cycloheximide, resulted in the formation of our initial hypothesis, which was that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation are involved after stimulation through the Fc epsilon R. We performed a detailed promoter analysis of the cloned MARC gene by using transient assays of transfected reporter gene constructs. Thereby, two potential promoter regions were identified as being crucial for transcriptional stimulation. Additional fine mapping of the proximal element and subsequent electrophoretic mobility shift assays, combined with competitions of known transcription factor binding sites, identified one of the transcription factors in stimulated mast cells as an AP3 or AP3-like binding activity.
Maturation of the autonomic nervous system: differences in heart rate variability in premature vs. term infants (2006)

Maturation of the ANS is accompanied by increasing HRV with a pronounced increase of parasympathetic activity. These changes are measurable by short-term recordings. The physiological pulses concerning baroreceptor reflex activity and respiratory modulation were similar in prematures and term infants.