gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithium: a review of its metabolic adverse effects (2006)

Treatment with lithium has long been recognized to be associated with metabolic adverse effects notably hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, weight gain and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. It is important that clinicians prescribing lithium are aware of these adverse effects and have a strategy for their detection and management. We review aspects of these actions of lithium including their prevalence, risk factors, biochemical changes involved and management, and discuss some advances that have been made in their understanding in recent years.
Activation of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 3 zymogen by the proprotein convertase furin in the trans-Golgi network. (2002)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis, must undergo zymogen activation prior to expressing any proteolytic activity. Although the cysteine-switch model predicts the well-established autoactivation process, approximately 40% of the known MMPs possess a conserved RXKR motif between their pro- and catalytic domains and, thus, could be activated directly by members of the proprotein convertase family. To further understand this process, we analyzed the activation of proMT3-MMP as a model system. We demonstrated that the conversion of MT3-MMP zymogen into active form is dependent on both the furin-type convertase activity and the R(116)RKR motif. Consistently, MT3-MMP was colocalized with furin in the trans-Golgi network by confocal microscopy. However, neither furin activity nor its recognition site in MT3-MMP is required for the observed colocalization. In fact, the colocalization pattern remains intact, even in the presence of brefeldin A, an agent known to block endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi trafficking. Yet, brefeldin A completely blocked the activation of MT3-MMP. A23187, a calcium ionophore known to block furin maturation, also blocked proMT3-MMP activation but had minimal effect on the colocalization between MT3-MMP and furin. Thus, furin processes MT3-MMP zymogen in the trans-Golgi network, where they colocalize independently of their apparent enzyme-substrate relationship.
NLPR3 Inflammasomes and Their Significance for Atherosclerosis (2020)

Atherosclerosis is a serious disorder, with numerous potential complications such as cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. The origin of atherosclerosis is related to chronic inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, and oxidative stress. Inflammasomes are the cytoplasmic multiprotein complex triggering the activation of inflammatory response. NLRP3 inflammasomes have a specific activation pathway that involves numerous stimuli, including a wide range of PAMPs and DAMPs. Recent studies of atherosclerotic pathology are focused on the mitochondria that appear to be a promising target for therapeutic approach development. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with oxidative stress. It was previously shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in mitochondrial damage, but the exact mechanisms of this need to be specified. In this review, we focused on the features of NLRP3 inflammasomes and their significance for atherosclerosis, especially concerning mitochondria.
Multimodality therapy of localized unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (1984)

Eighty-eight patients with localized unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas were treated at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between 1974 and 1981. Four treatment regimens were used which were sequential modifications of the technique based on the experience in the preceding group of patients. Each treatment changed the course of the disease, and as patterns of failure were identified, the treatment was altered to deal with them. Initially, all patients were treated with external beam radiation. Subsequently, Iodine-125 implantation was added to improve local control; low-dose preoperative radiotherapy to reduce the risk of peritoneal seeding; and adjuvant chemotherapy to reduce the risks of distant metastases. The addition of 125I implantation increased the local control from 22% to 81%, but did not increase the median survival, which was unchanged from 7 months. The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy increased the median survival from 7 months to 14 months, but had no impact on the control of the pancreatic tumor. Adjunctive chemotherapy and low-dose preoperative radiotherapy appear synergistic in reducing the risk of peritoneal seeding. The combination of 125I implantation, external beam radiation, and adjunctive chemotherapy is safe and effective. This regimen produces excellent local control with acceptable morbidity. This regimen produced a 30% survival at 18 months. The patterns of failure among these patients suggest future modifications of the technique.
Efficient Gap Repair in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Requires a Maximum of 31 Nucleotides of Homologous Sequence at the Searching Ends (1997)

Double-strand breaks (DSB) were generated in the Drosophila melanogaster white gene by excision of the P-w(hd) element. An ectopic P-element vector carrying a modified white gene was used as a template for DSB repair. All template-dependent repair events were examined, and four different classes of events were recovered. The two most common products observed were gene conversions external to the P-w(hd) element and gene conversions (targeted transpositions) internal to the P-w(hd) element. These two events were equally frequent. Similar numbers for both orientations of internal conversion events were recovered. The results suggest that P-element excision occurs by a staggered cut that leaves behind at least 33 nucleotides of single-stranded sequence. Our results further demonstrate that an efficient homology search is conducted by the broken end with less than 31 nucleotides.
Evaluation of the dermal carcinogenicity of lubricant base oils by the mouse skin painting bioassay and other proposed methods (1993)

Lubricant base oils are petroleum products that are predominantly derived from the vacuum distillation of crude oil. Various types of refinement can be employed during the manufacturing process, and evidence suggests that certain of the associated process streams produce skin cancer. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), some of which are considered as the causative agents, are removed, concentrated or chemically converted during the refinement process. In order to understand the effects of various types of refinement processes on carcinogenic potential, 94 oils were evaluated in the mouse epidermal cancer bioassay. This Exxon database is unique, because of the wide range of crude oils and processing histories represented. Seven processing history classifications are described, and conclusions concerning the impacts of each refinement process on dermal carcinogenicity are discussed. This research also included an evaluation of selected biological and chemical test methods for predicting carcinogenic potential. These included a modified version of the Ames test for mutagenicity, as well as analytical characterizations of the polycyclic aromatic structures in the oils. For classification purposes, a sample was considered to be carcinogenic if it resulted in the production of two or more tumor-bearing animals (in test groups of either 40 or 50 animals). The modified Ames test was considered to be positive if the mutagenicity index was > or = 2.0, and PAC analyses were similarly designated as positive or negative according to proposed guidelines. All of the alternative test methods showed similar agreement with dermal carcinogenicity bioassay data; concordance values were > or = 80%. However, each test was incorrect in ca. 10%-20% of the cases evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
First experimental demonstration of real-time orchestration in a Multi-head metro network (2014)

We present for the first time the experimental demonstration of a Real-Time control-plane on the Multi-hEad sub-wavElength swiTching (MEET), Metro architecture. The key control assets are calculated and provided to the edge nodes in a form of grant files. These grant files eliminate the contention possibility at source nodes and destinations, thus they offer a lossless passive optical grooming and multiplexing/demultiplexing at the intermediate nodes. The experimental results validate the control plane structure designed based on a deterministic operating system well scalable for a regional metro network.
Distributed Computation for Linear Programming Problems Satisfying a Certain Diagonal Dominance Condition (1990)

A block-coordinate ascent method for a class of linear programming problems whose constraints satisfy a certain diagonal dominance condition is proposed. This method partitions the original linear program into subprograms where each subprogram corresponds uniquely to a subset of the decision variables of the problem. At each iteration, one of the subprograms is solved by adjusting its corresponding variables, while the other variables are held constant. The algorithmic mapping underlying this method is shown to be monotone and contractive. Using the contractive property, the method is shown to converge even when implemented in an asynchronous, distributed manner, and that its rate of convergence can be estimated from the synchronization parameter.
NOA-04 Randomized Phase III Trial of Sequential Radiochemotherapy of Anaplastic Glioma With Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine or Temozolomide (2009)

Initial radiotherapy or chemotherapy achieved comparable results in patients with anaplastic gliomas. IDH1 mutations are a novel positive prognostic factor in anaplastic gliomas, with a favorable impact stronger than that of 1p/19q codeletion or MGMT promoter methylation.
Clinically and mammographically occult invasive ductal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: The focally dilated duct (1997)

A case of clinically and mammographically occult invasive ductal carcinoma presenting as a focally dilated duct on ultrasound is reported. The features of ductal dilatation in benign and malignant conditions on ultrasound are highlighted.
Reproducibility in Protein Profiling by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Further evaluation and optimization of MALDI-TOF MS is recommended before use in routine analysis.
The role of PECAM-1 (CD31) in leukocyte emigration: studies in vitro and in vivo (1995)

Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31) is a molecule capable of mediating both homophilic and heterophilic adhesion. It is constitutively expressed and concentrated in the lateral borders between endothelial cells and expressed on the surfaces of neutrophils, monocytes, and some T cell subsets, as well as on platelets. In a quantitative in vitro assay, monoclonal antibody against PECAM-1 or soluble recombinant PECAM-1 selectively blocked passage of both neutrophils and monocytes across the endothelial monolayer by 70-90% without interfering with the ability of these cells to bind to the apical endothelial cell surface. These regents worked whether directed against leukocyte PECAM-1 or against endothelial cell PECAM-1 and were not additive, suggesting that a homophilic interaction was occurring. In a murine model of acute inflammation, thioglycollate-induced peritonitis, a monoclonal antibody against mouse PECAM-1 blocked emigration of leukocytes into the peritoneal cavity down to background levels. Examination of peritoneal venules in these mice revealed many leukocytes in apparent contact with the endothelial surface but unable to cross the intima. Thus, PECAM-1 has a distinct role in the transendothelial migration phase of leukocyte emigration, independent of the adhesion events on the apical surface.
Prediction of gas‐liquid mass transfer coefficient in sparged stirred tank bioreactors (2005)

Oxygen mass transfer in sparged stirred tank bioreactors has been studied. The rate of oxygen mass transfer into a culture in a bioreactor is affected by operational conditions and geometrical parameters as well as the physicochemical properties of the medium (nutrients, substances excreted by the micro-organism, and surface active agents that are often added to the medium) and the presence of the micro-organism. Thus, oxygen mass transfer coefficient values in fermentation broths often differ substantially from values estimated for simple aqueous solutions. The influence of liquid phase physicochemical properties on kLa must be divided into the influence on k(L) and a, because they are affected in different ways. The presence of micro-organisms (cells, bacteria, or yeasts) can affect the mass transfer rate, and thus kLa values, due to the consumption of oxygen for both cell growth and metabolite production. In this work, theoretical equations for kLa prediction, developed for sparged and stirred tanks, taking into account the possible oxygen mass transfer enhancement due to the consumption by biochemical reactions, are proposed. The estimation of kLa is carried out taking into account a strong increase of viscosity broth, changes in surface tension and different oxygen uptake rates (OURs), and the biological enhancement factor, E, is also estimated. These different operational conditions and changes in several variables are performed using different systems and cultures (xanthan aqueous solutions, xanthan production cultures by Xanthomonas campestris, sophorolipids production by Candida bombicola, etc.). Experimental and theoretical results are presented and compared, with very good results.
Mechanical Properties of Gellan Gels in Relation to Divalent Cations (1995)

ABSTRACT Mechanical behavior of gels formed with gellan polymer crosslinked by calcium and magnesium ions was studied to determine the influence of divalent ion type and polymer concentration. Failure strength and deformation were measured in compression and related to concentrations of gellan and bound cations in gel matrices. Insufficient cations formed weak, extensible gels. Maximum gel strength was achieved at 0.5 divalent cations/repeat tetrasaccharide unit, assumed to be the condition for maximal numbers of complete junction zones. At optimum cation levels gels with Ca ++ were about 1.2 times stronger than gels with Mg ++ at the same polymer concentration. Excessive cations weakened the gels. Twice as much reduction in gel strength resulted from additional Ca ++ as compared to the same additional amount of Mg ++ . Differences between strengths of the gels may be attributable to polymer configurations at junction zones in relation to cation size.
Automatic Abdominal Organ Segmentation from CT images (2009)

In the recent years a great deal of research work has been devoted to the development of semi-automaticand automatic techniques for the analysis of abdominal CT images. Some of the current interests are theautomatic diagnosis of liver, spleen, and kidney pathologies and the 3D volume rendering of the abdominalorgans. The first and fundamental step in all these studies is the automatic organs segmentation, that is stillan open problem. In this paper we propose our fully automatic system that employs a hierarchical graylevel based framework to segment heart, bones (i.e. ribs and spine), liver and its blood vessels, kidneys, andspleen. The overall system has been evaluated on the data of 100 patients, obtaining a good assessment bothby visual inspection by three experts, and by comparing the computed results to the boundaries manuallytraced by experts.
Differential regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells by p91–110 and p21–40 peptides of the 16-kD α-crystallin antigen of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1998)

Permissively recognized peptides which can activate lymphocytes from subjects with a variety of class II HLA types are interesting diagnostic and vaccine candidates. In this study we generated T helper clones reactive to the permissively recognized p21-40 and p91-110 peptides of the 16-kD heat shock protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All the clones specific for p91-110 secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and were of the Th1 phenotype. By contrast, the p21-40 peptide favoured the generation of IL-4-producing clones. Antibody blockade established that the peptide-specific Th clones could either be DR-, DP- or DQ-restricted. Thus, two permissively recognized sequences p21-40 and p91-110 from the same mycobacterial antigen can drive the differentiation of functionally distinct T helper subsets. Attempts to immunize against tuberculosis should bear in mind epitope specificity if a favourable Th subtype response is to be generated.
Poly (A) polymerases in the nucleus and cytoplasm of frog oocytes: dynamic changes during oocyte maturation and early development. (1995)

Poly(A) can be added to mRNAs both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. During oocyte maturation and early embryonic development, cytoplasmic polyadenylation of preexisting mRNAs provides a common mechanism of translational control. In this report, to begin to understand the regulation of polyadenylation activities during early development, we analyze poly (A) polymerases (PAPs) in oocytes and early embryos of the frog, Xenopus laevis. We have cloned and sequenced a PAP cDNA that corresponds to a maternal mRNA present in frog oocytes. This PAP is similar in size and sequence to mammalian nuclear PAPs. By immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies raised against human PAP, we demonstrate that oocytes contain multiple forms of PAP that display different electrophoretic mobilities. The oocyte nucleus contains primarily the slower migrating forms of PAP, whereas the cytoplasm contains primarily the faster migrating species. The nuclear forms of PAP are phosphorylated, accounting for their retarded mobility. During oocyte maturation and early postfertilization development, preexisting PAPs undergo regulated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. Using the cloned PAP cDNA, we demonstrate that the complex changes in PAP forms seen during oocyte maturation may be due to modifications of a single polypeptide. These results demonstrate that the oocyte contains a cytoplasmic polymerase closely related to the nuclear enzyme and suggest models for how its activity may be regulated during early development.
High‐Resolution Neural Face Swapping for Visual Effects (2020)

Abstract In this paper, we propose an algorithm for fully automatic neural face swapping in images and videos. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method capable of rendering photo‐realistic and temporally coherent results at megapixel resolution. To this end, we introduce a progressively trained multi‐way comb network and a light‐ and contrast‐preserving blending method. We also show that while progressive training enables generation of high‐resolution images, extending the architecture and training data beyond two people allows us to achieve higher fidelity in generated expressions. When compositing the generated expression onto the target face, we show how to adapt the blending strategy to preserve contrast and low‐frequency lighting. Finally, we incorporate a refinement strategy into the face landmark stabilization algorithm to achieve temporal stability, which is crucial for working with high‐resolution videos. We conduct an extensive ablation study to show the influence of our design choices on the quality of the swap and compare our work with popular state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Model of impurity segregation in graphene nanoribbons (2009)

The electronic properties of low-dimensional materials can be engineered by doping, but in the case of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) the proximity of two symmetry-breaking edges introduces an additional dependence on the location of an impurity across the width of the ribbon. This introduces energetically favorable locations for impurities, leading to a degree of spatial segregation in the impurity concentration. We develop a simple model to describe how the change in energy of a GNR system doped with a single impurity depends on the impurity position. The model is validated by comparing its findings with ab initio calculations. Although our results agree with previous works predicting the dominance of edge disorder in GNR, we argue that the distribution of adsorbed impurities across a ribbon may be controllable by external factors, namely, an applied electric field. We propose that this control over impurity segregation may allow manipulation and fine tuning of the magnetic and transport properties of GNRs.
A new approach to performance-oriented flow control (1981)

Flow control is proposed as a means of obtaining an "optimal tradeoff" between low delay and high throughput in computer networks. Several versions of "optimal tradeoff" are defined based on network power. A class of algorithms which attempt to optimize network performance are investigated. These algorithms operate on the design principles of dynamic, distributed execution and use of local information. These design principles force the algorithms to be suboptimal, and we thus investigate the relative performance of each in different network configurations. Several properties of power as a network performance objective function are examined. In certain configurations, two variations of network power are unfair to certain users by not permitting them to send any messages. A version of network power ("product of powers") corrects this deficiency. Other properties discussed include the nonconvexity of the generalized power function.
Das Problem der Cermets (1958)

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung der Verbundwerkstoffe aus hochwarmfesten Oxyden und Metallen scheint sich zur Zeit auf einem Punkt zu befinden, an dem eine Trennung zwischen 2 Richtungen stattfindet. Die ältere Richtung befaßte sich mit Verbundwerkstoffen, in denen das Oxyd volumenmäßig den Hauptanteil darstellte. Hier scheint es möglich, den Oxyden durch den Metallzusatz eine bessere Temperaturwechselfestigkeit zu geben, wie aus Angaben von BLACKBURN und SHEVLIN über den Werkstoff (70 Gew.-% Al2O3 + 30 Gew.-% Cr, etwa 82 Vol.-% Al2O3) und für Fe−Al2O3-Verbund-werkstoffe aus Angaben bei R. KIEFFER und P. SCHWARZKOPF [29] hervorgeht. Bezüglich der Schlagzähigkeit ist bisher jedoch bei überwiegendem Volumenanteil des Oxyds keine wesentliche Verbesserung durch den Metallzusatz erreicht worden. Auch die in der vorliegenden Arbeit gebrachten Versuche an der Zusammenstellung Fe + Al2O3 lassen selbst bei Senkung des Oxydanteils auf 50 Vol.-% noch keine wesentliche Verbesserung erkennen. Kürzlich veröffentlichte Versuche von F. EISENKOLB und W. SCHOTT [30] bei Cr-Al2O3-Werkstoffen ergaben ebenfalls nur geringe Schlagzähigkeiten. Die Ursache dürfte in der Porosität zu suchen sein. Die relativ günstige Schlagzähigkeit des von T.S. SHEVLIN entwickelten Werkstoffe aus 28 Gew.-% Al2O3 + 72 Gew.-% Cr ist wahrscheinlich nur dadurch erreicht worden, daß hier mit überwiegendem Volumenanteil des Metalls (etwa 59 Vol.-% Cr + 41 Vol.-% Al2O3) gearbeitet wurde. Es ist sehr bemerkenswert, daß T.S. SHEVLIN und C.A. HAUCK bei der weiteren Entwicklung der Verbundwerkstoffe aus Tonerde und Chrom die Werkstoffzusammensetzung wieder nach höheren Volumenanteilen des Oxyds hin veränderten. Für den Werkstoff aus 34 Gew.-% Al2O3 und 66 Gew.-% einer Chrom-Molybdän-Legierung mit 80 Gew.-% Cr + 20 Gew.-% Mo berechnet man einen Volumenanteil der Tonerde von 49,5 %. Vermutlich ist dies geschehen, um eine bessere Zunderbeständigkeit zu erhalten; leider haben die Forscher für diesen Werkstoff keine Schlagzähigkeit genannt.