gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated microfluidic device for the sorting of yeast cells using image processing (2018)

The process of detection and separation of yeast cells based on their morphological characteristics is critical to the understanding of cell division cycles, which is of vital importance to the understanding of some diseases such as cancer. The traditional process of manual detection is usually tedious and inconsistent. This paper presents a microfluidic device integrated with microvalves for fluid control for the sorting of yeast cells using image processing algorithms and confirmation based on their fluorescent tag. The proposed device is completely automated, low cost and easy to implement in an academic research setting. Design details of the integrated microfluidic system are highlighted in this paper, along with experimental validation. Real time cell sorting was demonstrated with a cell detection rate of 12 cells per minute.
Real-time identification of tire–road friction conditions (2009)

Tire–road friction characteristics are deeply interlaced with all vehicle dynamics control systems, as road conditions strongly affect the control schemes behaviour. This work aims at the real-time estimation of the wheel slip value corresponding to the peak of the tire–road friction curve, in order to provide anti-lock braking systems (ABS) with reliable information on its value upon activation. Different techniques based on recursive least squares and the maximum likelihood approach are used for friction curve fitting and their merits and drawbacks thoroughly examined. In addition, since one of the main issues in slip-based friction estimation during braking is vehicle speed estimation, an effective algorithm for addressing this task is developed. The proposed peak slip value estimation strategy is analysed and tested both in simulation and on data collected on an instrumented test vehicle. In the latter case, the vehicle speed estimation algorithm is used, and the estimated vehicle speed provided as input for friction estimation. Practical applicability constraints posed by typical ABS systems are also considered.
Performance comparison of optical interference cancellation system architectures (2013)

The performance of three optics-based interference cancellation systems are compared and contrasted with each other, and with traditional electronic techniques for interference cancellation. The comparison is based on a set of common performance metrics that we have developed for this purpose. It is shown that thorough evaluation of our optical approaches takes into account the traditional notions of depth of cancellation and dynamic range, along with notions of link loss and uniformity of cancellation. Our evaluation shows that our use of optical components affords performance that surpasses traditional electronic approaches, and that the optimal choice for an optical interference canceller requires taking into account the performance metrics discussed in this paper.
A syringe injection rate detector employing a dual Hall-effect sensor configuration (2013)

Injection of fluids in the body using needle syringes is a standard clinical practice. The rate of injection can have various pathological effects on the body such as the pain perceived or in case of anesthesia, the amount of akinesia attained. Hence, a training system with a modified syringe employing a simple measurement scheme where a trainee can observe and practice the rate of injection prior to administering on actual human subjects, can be of great value towards reduction of complications in real life situations. In this paper, we develop a system for measurement of syringe injection rate with two Hall-effect sensors. Ring magnets attached to the body of the syringe along with the dual Hall-effect sensor configuration help in determining the position of the piston with respect to the syringe body. The two Hall-sensors are arranged in a differential configuration such that a linear relationship is obtained between the volume of liquid in the syringe (in ml) and the Hall-effect sensor output voltages. A prototype developed validated the measurement scheme. The rate of injection was displayed in real-time with a LabVIEW based Virtual Instrument. The error was within acceptable limits illustrating its efficacy for practical training purposes.
Torsades de Pointes Occurring in Association With Terfenadine Use (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Monahan et al<sup>1</sup>reported a case of torsades de pointes after concomitant administration of terfenadine (Seldane) and ketoconazole (Nizoral). We would like to comment on this report and share results from subsequent studies at Marion Merrell Dow Inc, Kansas City, Mo. Terfenadine normally undergoes extensive (99%) first-pass metabolism to two metabolites: an active acid metabolite and an inactive dealkylated metabolite. Therefore, unchanged terfenadine is normally undetectable (ie, <10 ng/mL) in plasma. However, in cases of hepatic impairment or when certain concurrent medications (eg, ketoconazole) inhibit the metabolism of terfenadine, unchanged terfenadine can become detectable in plasma while metabolite formation is decreased. In cases of terfenadine overdose, unchanged terfenadine can become detectable and acid metabolite levels increase.<sup>2</sup> In a study of 24 subjects given a single 60-mg dose of terfenadine, the mean peak plasma acid metabolite level was 263 ng/mL and occurred 2.5 hours after dosing.
Neodymium-doped cladding-pumped aluminosilicate fiber laser tunable in the 0.9-/spl mu/m wavelength range (2004)

A tunable high-power cladding-pumped neodymium-doped aluminosilicate fiber laser is demonstrated. The maximum power reached was 2.4 W with a slope efficiency of 41% and a threshold pump power of 1.68 W, both with respect to launched pump power, when cladding pumped by two 808-nm diode pump sources at both fiber ends. The dependence of the tuning range on the fiber length is investigated. The tuning range changed from 922 to 942 nm for a 25-m-long fiber to 908-938 nm with a 14-m-long fiber, because of reabsorption effects. The output linewidth was 0.26 nm in a diffraction-limited beam. Operation on the challenging 0.9-/spl mu/m three-level transition in neodymium-doped double-clad fiber laser was facilitated by a W-type core refractive index profile. This filtered out the unwanted and competing strong transition at 1.06 /spl mu/m while guidance of 0.9 /spl mu/m remained intact.
<i>LOXL1</i> and <i>LOXL4</i> Are Epigenetically Silenced and Can Inhibit Ras/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway in Human Bladder Cancer (2007)

Promoter hypermethylation is one of the common mechanisms leading to gene silencing in various human cancers. Using a combination of pharmacologic unmasking and microarray techniques, we identified 59 candidate hypermethylated genes, including LOXL1, a lysyl oxidase-like gene, in human bladder cancer cells. We further showed that LOXL1 and LOXL4 are commonly silenced genes in human bladder cancer cells, and this silence is predominantly related to promoter methylation. We also found LOXL1 and LOXL4 gene methylation and loss of expression in primary bladder tumors. In addition, somatic mutations were identified in LOXL4, but not in LOXL1 in bladder cancer. Moreover, reintroduction of LOXL1 and LOXL4 genes into human bladder cancer cells leads to a decrease of colony formation ability. Further studies indicated that the overexpression of LOXL1 and LOXL4 could antagonize Ras in activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Thus, our current study suggests for the first time that lysyl oxidase-like genes can act as tumor suppressor genes and exert their functions through the inhibition of the Ras/ERK signaling pathway in human bladder cancer.
Dielectric materials in magnetic resonance (2011)

Abstract High permittivity materials find extensive use in high frequency communications devices due to their small size (compared to lumped element circuits), low losses and physical robustness. Recently, these types of materials have been applied in high field magnetic resonance imaging, based upon earlier work in electron paramagnetic resonance. This review article describes the basic properties of high permittivity materials, how they can be formed into both discrete resonators and also into deformable water‐based suspensions, and how these different structures can be used to improve many aspects of high frequency magnetic resonance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38: 148–184, 2011.
Vacuolar and Plasma Membrane Proton Pumps Collaborate to Achieve Cytosolic pH Homeostasis in Yeast (2008)

Vacuolar proton-translocating ATPases (V-ATPases) play a central role in organelle acidification in all eukaryotic cells. To address the role of the yeast V-ATPase in vacuolar and cytosolic pH homeostasis, ratiometric pH-sensitive fluorophores specific for the vacuole or cytosol were introduced into wild-type cells and vma mutants, which lack V-ATPase subunits. Transiently glucose-deprived wild-type cells respond to glucose addition with vacuolar acidification and cytosolic alkalinization, and subsequent addition of K(+) ion increases the pH of both the vacuole and cytosol. In contrast, glucose addition results in an increase in vacuolar pH in both vma mutants and wild-type cells treated with the V-ATPase inhibitor concanamycin A. Cytosolic pH homeostasis is also significantly perturbed in the vma mutants. Even at extracellular pH 5, conditions optimal for their growth, cytosolic pH was much lower, and response to glucose was smaller in the mutants. In plasma membrane fractions from the vma mutants, activity of the plasma membrane proton pump, Pma1p, was 65-75% lower than in fractions from wild-type cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed decreased levels of plasma membrane Pma1p and increased Pma1p at the vacuole and other compartments in the mutants. Pma1p was not mislocalized in concanamycin-treated cells, but a significant reduction in cytosolic pH under all conditions was still observed. We propose that short-term, V-ATPase activity is essential for both vacuolar acidification in response to glucose metabolism and for efficient cytosolic pH homeostasis, and long-term, V-ATPases are important for stable localization of Pma1p at the plasma membrane.
Development of Low Noise MI Sensor and Its Applications (2014)

Abstract— The MI sensor is a magnetic sensor based on the MI (Magneto Impedance) effect discovered by K. Mohri et al. in 1993. A specialized low noise analog output magnetic sensor (nT sensor: MI-CB-1DK) has also been commercialized by AICHI MICRO INTELLIGENT for use in detecting AC magnetic fields. According to theoretical analysis, although the MI sensor is foreseen to show the fT/ √ Hz level of noise density, MI-CB-1DK shows 20–30 pT/ √ Hz at 10 Hz. In this paper, in order to develop an MI element showing lower noise, the effect of the aspect ratio of the amorphous magnetic wire, the number of wires and the effect of electric contact on multiple wires on noise density were investigated. Then an MI element which shows 1/10 the noise density of MI-CB-1DK was developed.
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> mutants defective in chromosome segregation (1989)

We have devised a genetic screen to identify trans-acting factors involved in chromosome transmission in yeast. This approach was designed to potentially identify a subset of genes encoding proteins that interact with centromere DNA. It has been shown that mutations in yeast centromere DNA cause aberrant chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. We reasoned that the function of an altered centromere should be particularly sensitive to changes in factors with which it interacts. We constructed a disomic strain containing one copy of chromosome III with a wild-type centromere and one copy of chromosome III bearing the SUP11 gene and a mutant CEN3. This strain forms white colonies with red sectors due to nondisjunction of the chromosome bearing the mutant centromere. After mutagenesis we picked colonies that exhibited increased nondisjunction of the mutant chromosome as evidenced by increased red-white sectoring. Using this approach, we have isolated three trans-acting chromosome nondisjunction (cnd) mutants that are defective in maintaining chromosomes during mitosis in yeast.
Kinetic and heat transfer modeling of rubber blends' sulfur vulcanization with <i>N</i>‐<i>t</i>‐butylbenzothiazole‐sulfenamide and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐di‐<i>t</i>‐butylbenzothiazole‐sulfenamide (2006)

Abstract Vulcanization kinetics and heat transfer for various blends of natural (NR) and polybutadiene (BR) rubber were studied simultaneously using a mechanistic approach when developing vulcanization model kinetics. Rubber process analyzer (RPA), dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods were used for the study. The model reaction scheme was based on one of the best possible proposed individual reaction mechanisms. Molecular modeling was applied to distinguish between the reactivity of chemically similar species. The kinetics of N ‐ t ‐butylbenzothiazole‐sulfenamide (TBBS) and N , N ‐di‐ t ‐butylbenzothiazole‐sulfenamide (TBSI) were treated separately using FTIR experiment data, and then incorporated in a model suitable for two‐accelerator vulcanization. The proposed model quite well describes the thermal equilibration during the induction period despite a few simplifications. During cure and over‐cure periods the course of vulcanization was described using a rigorous kinetic model. Physical and chemical model parameters were calculated from experimental data. Average heat transfer coefficient minimum during induction period was found to be at a weight ratio of BR and NR 1 : 1. The activation energy of significant reactions between rubber and other species was found to vary linearly with vulcanization compound composition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 293–307, 2007
Worldwide status and perspective on gadoid culture (2006)

Abstract Currently, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is the primary species being developed for commercial culture, with activities concentrated around the North Atlantic. In addition, closed life cycles have been established for haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), pollock (Pollachius pollachius), and hake (Merluccius australis), but production of these species (in Canada, Spain, and Chile) is rather modest. In the short- to medium-term, Atlantic cod will be the dominant gadoid species in culture, and it is believed that production can reach levels similar to those of farmed salmon within the next 15–20 years. This development is possible because methods for year-round production of juveniles and significant hatchery capacity have been established. Also, there is a demand for farmed cod to fill the gap between increasing market needs and diminishing supply from fisheries. However, challenges must be met if cod farming is to reach its anticipated potential. Juvenile production must become more reliable in terms of survival and quality. For the on-growing phase, the supply of cost-efficient feeds produced from sustainable raw materials is of utmost importance. Consumer markets need to be developed with an emphasis on quality and food safety. Relatively little is known about health management for gadoid species.
Biochemical Aspects of X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2010)

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is the most common peroxisomal disorder. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA; >C22) in plasma and tissues. X-ALD is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding ALDP, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter located in the peroxisomal membrane. In this paper, we describe the current knowledge on the function of ALDP, its role in peroxisomal VLCFA beta-oxidation and the consequences of a defect in ALDP on VLCFA metabolism. Furthermore, we pay special attention to the role of the VLCFA elongation system in VLCFA homeostasis, with elongation of very long-chain fatty acids like-1 (ELOVL1) as key player, and its relevance to X-ALD.
microRNAs: small molecules with big roles –<i>C. elegans</i> to human cancer (2008)

miRNAs (microRNAs) were first discovered as critical regulators of developmental timing events in Caenorhabditis elegans. Subsequent studies have shown that miRNAs and cellular factors necessary for miRNA biogenesis are conserved in many organisms, suggesting the importance of miRNAs during developmental processes. Indeed, mutations in the miRNA-processing pathway induce pleiotropic defects in development, which accompany perturbation of correct expression of target genes. However, control of gene expression in development is not the only function of miRNAs. Recent work has provided new insights into the role of miRNAs in various biological events, including aging and cancer. C. elegans continues to be helpful in facilitating a further understanding of miRNA function in human diseases.
Synthesis of Chemically Bonded Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene on Silica by Free Radical Initiation with Gamma Radiation Cross-Linking (1989)

Abstract A procedure is described for direct chemical bonding of polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) to silica. The method is a two-step process which first bonds and polymerizes the material via peroxide initiation in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The second step involves cross-linking the bonded polymer by gamma irradiation. The success of the procedure is evaluated by carbon-hydrogen analysis and DRIFT spectroscopy of the product. Chromatographically the bonded material is tested by separations of alkylarylketones.
Mutations at the<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUP4</i>tRNA<sup>Tyr</sup>Locus: Isolation, Genetic Fine-Structure Mapping, and Correlation with Physical Structure (1982)

The SUP4 tRNA Tyr locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied by the isolation and characterization of mutations at the SUP4 gene which result in the loss of suppressor function. Most of the mutations act as single-site mutations, whereas about a third of the mutations are deletions of the entire gene. Two meiotic fine-structure maps of the gene were made. The first mapping technique placed 10 mutations plus the sup4 + anticodon on a map by a measurement of levels of recombination between pairs of mutations. The second map utilized a more qualitative estimate of recombination frequency, allowing 69 mutations and the sup4 + anticodon to be mapped. The maps were compared with the physical structure of the gene for the 34 mutations whose nucleotide alteration has been determined by DNA sequencing (Koski et al., Cell 22 :415-425, 1980; Kurjan et al., Cell 20 :701-709, 1980). Both maps show a good correlation with the physical structure of the gene, even though certain properties of genetic fine-structure maps, such as marker effects and “map expansion,” were seen.
Hexadecane and Tween 80 Stimulate Lipase Production in <i>Burkholderia glumae</i> by Different Mechanisms (2007)

Burkholderia glumae strain PG1 produces a lipase of biotechnological relevance. Lipase production by this strain and its derivative LU8093, which was obtained through classical strain improvement, was investigated under different conditions. When 10% hexadecane was included in the growth medium, lipolytic activity in both strains could be increased approximately 7-fold after 24 h of growth. Hexadecane also stimulated lipase production in a strain containing the lipase gene fused to the tac promoter, indicating that hexadecane did not affect lipase gene expression at the transcriptional level, which was confirmed using lipA-gfp reporter constructs. Instead, hexadecane appeared to enhance lipase secretion, since the amounts of lipase in the culture supernatant increased in the presence of hexadecane, with a concomitant decrease in the cells, even when protein synthesis was inhibited with chloramphenicol. In the presence of olive oil as a carbon source, nonionic detergents, such as Tween 80, increased extracellular lipase activity twofold. Like hexadecane, Tween 80 appeared to stimulate lipase secretion, although in a more disruptive manner, since other, normally nonsecreted proteins were found in the culture supernatant. Additionally, like olive oil, Tween 80 was found to induce lipase gene expression in strain PG1 in medium containing sucrose as a carbon source but not in glucose-containing medium, suggesting that lipase gene expression is prone to catabolite repression. In contrast, lipase production in the lipase-overproducing strain LU8093 was independent of the presence of an inducer and was not inhibited by glucose. In conclusion, hexadecane and Tween 80 enhance lipase production in B. glumae, and they act via different mechanisms.
Obscurance-based Volume Rendering Framework (2008)

Obscurances, from which ambient occlusion is a particular case, is a technology that produces natural-looking lighting effects in a faster way than global illumination. Its application in volume visualization is of special interest since it permits us to generate a high quality rendering at a low cost. In this paper, we propose an obscurancebased framework that allows us to obtain realistic and illustrative volume visualizations in an interactive manner. Obscurances can include color bleeding effects without additional cost. Moreover, we obtain a saliency map from the gradient of obscurances and we show its application to enhance volume visualization and to select the most salient views.
A review of dental CAD/CAM: current status and future perspectives from 20 years of experience (2009)

In this article, we review the recent history of the development of dental CAD/CAM systems for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs), based on our 20 years of experience in this field. The current status of commercial dental CAD/CAM systems developed around the world is evaluated, with particular focus on the field of ceramic crowns and FPDs. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives applicable to dental CAD/CAM. The use of dental CAD/CAM systems is promising not only in the field of crowns and FPDs but also in other fields of dentistry, even if the contribution is presently limited. CAD/CAM technology will contribute to patients' health and QOL in the aging society.
Beamwidth Control in Parametric Acoustic Array (2005)

Directional sound can be generated by amplitude-modulating the ultrasound carrier wave with an audio signal and then transmitting it from an array system. On the basis of the analysis of its radiation pattern, an algorithm using delay-and-sum beamforming is proposed to control the beamwidth and sidelobe of demodulated audible sound. Simulation results show that enhanced performance in terms of sidelobe level can be achieved by using the Chebyshev weighting function, compared with the beamforming algorithm without shading.
Multi-dimensional map-folding (1971)

Lunnon (1968) counted foldings of a one-dimensional map (otherwise known (Touchard, 1950; Koehler, 1968) as a strip of stamps); here the problem is generalised to many dimensions, with especial reference to p × q (two-dimensional) and 2 × 2 × … × 2 maps. A computer program and its results are described.
Displaying a bright future [vacuum microelectronics] (2000)

Recent technical and market advances have created a resurgence of interest in miniature vacuum devices based on field-emission vacuum microelectronics. For several operational conditions, these new devices have inherent advantages over their solid-state counterparts. Vacuum microelectronic devices are less sensitive to temperature variations, provide high-speed switching capabilities, and are less susceptible to radiation damage. In addition, electron beams can be steered with external electric and magnetic fields, and electron devices are capable of operation with high current densities. In this article, we describe the development of this new generation of vacuum microelectronic devices and showcase some exciting applications arising from this technology, ranging from flat-panel displays to electron beam devices.