gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TAZ Promotes PC2 Degradation through a SCF <sup>β-Trcp</sup> E3 Ligase Complex (2007)

Studies of a TAZ knockout mouse reveal a novel function of the transcriptional regulator TAZ, that is, as a binding partner of the F-box protein beta-Trcp. TAZ-/- mice develop polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and emphysema. The calcium-permeable cation channel protein polycystin 2 (PC2) is overexpressed in kidneys of TAZ-/- mice as a result of decreased degradation via an SCF(beta-Trcp) E3 ubiquitin ligase pathway. Replacements of serines in a phosphodegron motif in TAZ prevent beta-Trcp binding and PC2 degradation. Coexpression of a cytoplasmic fragment of polycystin 1 blocks the PC2-TAZ interaction and prevents TAZ-mediated degradation of PC2. Depletion of TAZ in zebrafish also results in a cystic kidney accompanied by overexpression of PC2. These results establish a common role of TAZ across vertebrate species in a protein degradation pathway regulated by phosphorylation and implicate deficiencies in this pathway in the development of PKD.
The studies of COUP transcription factor from HeLa cells: purification and partial characterization. (1988)

A transcription factor COUP, which is responsible for the recognition of the Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter sequence between -70 and -90, is required for efficient transcription of the ovalbumin gene. This COUP combination of conventional column and sequence specific DNA affinity column chromatography. A few polypeptides were identified in the purified preparation on an SDS-gel. Upon renaturation, all the major polypeptides in the molecular size range between 43 to 53 kD bound specifically to the COUP sequence. Furthermore, at least one of the renatured polypeptides in the region of 43-45 kD retained transcriptional activity. Using band-shifting assays and 3' and 5' deletion mutants and oligonucleotide mutants, the sequence important for binding was mapped. Methylation and ethylation interference assays revealed the contact sites for the purine base and the phosphate backbone. These studies indicate that the COUP transcription factor interacts with the base residue in the major groove and wraps around the DNA helix in one full turn.
Fuzzy neurocontrol of an exoskeletal robot for human elbow motion support (2002)

We deal with exoskeletal robots for human (especially for physically weak people) motion support. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy neurocontrol method for a 1-DOF exoskeletal robot to support the human elbow motion. The proposed controller controls the angular position and impedance of the exoskeletal robot system based on vague biological signals that reflect the human subject's intention. Skin surface electromyogram (EMG) signals and the generated wrist force by the human subject during the elbow motion are used as input information of the controller. Due to the adaptation ability of the fuzzy neurocontrol, the robot is flexible enough to deal with vague biological signals such as the EMG. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Influence of Membrane Oxygenators on the Pulsatile flow in Extracorporeal Circuits: An Experimental Analysis (1997)

An experimental analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects induced by two typical extracorporeal circuits on the pressure and flow generated by a roller pump with a pulsatile module. The hydraulic behaviour of the patient was simulated by means of a mechanical mock-up system consisting of a few lumped parameters reproducing the physiologic vascular impedance. Pressure and flow tracings were acquired at different locations along the circuit using an automatic data acquisition system. Nine lest conditions with different pulse frequency and systolic time values were examined using a mean volumetric flow rate of approximately 4 l/min. A complete analysis of the results obtained in terms of pressure drops and inflow-outflow differences across the components of the arterial line, as well as the calculation of the hydraulic pulsatile power along the circuit, allowed us to assess the influence of the various components upon the pulsatility. The results indicated that the membrane oxygenators tested slightly affect the pulsatility of the flow and the pressure; on the contrary the arterial pipe line is responsible for large damping and head losses. To optimize the use of pulsatile flow for cardiopulmonary bypass it is necessary to reduce the length of the arterial pipe lines thus integrating the circuit as much as possible.
Well-Defined Diblock Glycopolymers from RAFT Polymerization in Homogeneous Aqueous Medium (2005)

Reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was applied to the synthesis of well-defined diblock glycopolymers carrying different cyclic carbohydrates on the two blocks. The macroRAFT agents poly(methyl 6-O-methacryloyl-α-d-glucoside) dithiobenzoate and poly(2-methacryloxyethyl glucoside) dithiobenzoate were prepared by RAFT polymerization of the corresponding glycomonomers with (4-cyanopentanoic acid)-4-dithiobenzoate as the chain transfer agent. The reactions were stopped around 85% conversion in order to preserve the highest possible end-of-chain-functionality and the glycopolymers were isolated by precipitation in methanol. Chain extension with 2-methacryloxyethyl glucoside and methyl 6-O-methacryloyl-α-d-mannoside afforded poly(methyl 6-O-methacryloyl-α-d-glucoside-block-2-methacryloxyethyl glucoside) and poly(2-methacryloxyethyl glucoside-block-methyl 6-O-methacryloyl-α-d-mannoside), respectively, having a predetermined molecular weight and narrow polydispersity (PDI ≤ 1.20). The structure of the prepared polymers was confirmed by proton and carbon NMR and their thermal properties investigated via DSC.
Reactions of the subunits of the class II major histocompatibility complex molecule IAd. (1991)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are heterodimers formed by noncovalent linkage of alpha and beta chains. It has been shown that the subunits of the MHC class II molecules IAd and IEk bind antigenic peptides as well as antigenic peptides labeled with fluorescent probes. Laser scanning fluorescence microscopy on SDS/polyacrylamide gels demonstrates that the subunit-peptide complexes of IAd are stable over a wide pH range. Below pH 5.3 the heterodimer of IAd dissociates into the free chains, which still bind antigenic peptides such as the 18-amino acid peptide obtained by a tyrosine addition to a chicken ovalbumin peptide, Ova-(323-339)Y. The stability of preformed subunit complexes with fluorescein-labeled Ova-(323-339)Y was investigated by using high-performance size exclusion chromatography and epifluorescence microscopy. Each subunit forms a long-lived complex, both in detergent solutions and in reconstituted lipid bilayers. At 37 degrees C and pH 7.0 the dissociation half-time of the beta-subunit-peptide complex was determined to be 28 hr and that of the alpha-subunit-peptide complex was 10 hr. In contrast to the dissociation of the peptide from the IAd heterodimer, the half-times for dissociation of the peptide from the separate chains are not decreased at pH 5.0.
Synonymous Codon Usage in Escherichia coli: Selection for Translational Accuracy (2006)

In many organisms, selection acts on synonymous codons to improve translation. However, the precise basis of this selection remains unclear in the majority of species. Selection could be acting to maximize the speed of elongation, to minimize the costs of proofreading, or to maximize the accuracy of translation. Using several data sets, we find evidence that codon use in Escherichia coli is biased to reduce the costs of both missense and nonsense translational errors. Highly conserved sites and genes have higher codon bias than less conserved ones, and codon bias is positively correlated to gene length and production costs, both indicating selection against missense errors. Additionally, codon bias increases along the length of genes, indicating selection against nonsense errors. Doublet mutations or replacement substitutions do not explain our observations. The correlations remain when we control for expression level and for conflicting selection pressures at the start and end of genes. Considering each amino acid by itself confirms our results. We conclude that selection on synonymous codon use in E. coli is largely due to selection for translational accuracy, to reduce the costs of both missense and nonsense errors.
A survey of array error control codes (1992)

Abstract Array error control codes are linear block or convolutional codes which are constructed from several single parity check or other component codes, assembled in two or more geometrical dimensions or directions, with emphasis on simple component codes and low complexity methods of decoding. This survey attempts to introduce, relate and compare all known types of array codes and their applications. After an introduction to the basic properties and uses of array codes, the second section of the paper describes binary array code constructions for random, burst and cluster error control. The third section describes a number of binary convolutional array codes, for both random and burst error control. Non‐binary and byte‐oriented array codes, both block and convolutional, are covered in the fourth section, which mentions some quite powerful and yet practical constructions. The fifth section discusses various enhancements which can be applied to array codes. The paper ends with conclusions, open problems, and an extensive set of references.
Qualitatively modeling heterojunction bipolar transistors for optimization: a neural network approach (2002)

A neural network approach is developed to qualitatively model the relationship between fabrication process parameters and the characteristics of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). An equivalent circuit model is used as an intermediate representation format for this objective. The goal of this research project is to develop a method that can predict and explain changes in the behavior of a device without the need for precise problem formulations and computationally intensive methods. The primary use of such a neural network model is in a reverse modeling process which performs device optimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of the Activity of Succinate, NADH, Choline, and α‐Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenases (1974)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Assay of Succinate Dehydrogenase and Succinoxidase in Animal Tissues Application of Succinate Dehydrogenase Assays to Yeast, Bacteria, and Higher Plans NADH Dehydrogenase and NADH Oxidase Assays Assay of Choline Dehydrogenase Assay of Mitochondrial α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase
Physiology: Transplantation of frozen—thawed mouse primordial follicles (1993)

Primordial follicles were isolated from juvenile mouse ovaries and cryopreserved by slow freezing with dimethylsulphoxide as the cryoprotectant. After thawing, approximately 80% of the oocytes and 65% of the somatic cells excluded Trypan Blue dye, indicating that cell membranes were still intact. Frozen-thawed cells were suspended in plasma clots and transplanted to the ovarian bursas of host animals that had been sterilized by oophorectomy. The grafts of frozen-thawed cells reorganized into morphologically distinguishable ovaries which produced signs of oestrogenic activity. After natural mating, host females produced normal offspring that were demonstrated by genetic markers to be derived from the transplanted frozen-thawed primordial follicles.
Role of TRPV ion channels in sensory transduction of osmotic stimuli in mammals (2007)

In signal transduction of metazoan cells, ion channels of the family of transient receptor potential (TRP) have been identified to respond to diverse external and internal stimuli, amongst them osmotic stimuli. This report highlights findings pertaining to the TRPV subfamily, focusing on mammalian members. Of the six mammalian TRPV channels, TRPV1, 2 and 4 were demonstrated to function in transduction of osmotic stimuli. TRPV channels have been found to function in cellular as well as systemic osmotic homeostasis. In a striking example of evolutionary conservation of function, mammalian TRPV4 has been found to rescue osmosensory deficits of the TRPV mutant strain osm-9 in Caenorhabditis elegans, despite not more than 26% orthology of the respective proteins.
Reverse Genetics of SARS-Related Coronavirus Using Vaccinia Virus-Based Recombination (2012)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a zoonotic disease caused by SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that emerged in 2002 to become a global health concern. Although the original outbreak was controlled by classical public health measures, there is a real risk that another SARS-CoV could re-emerge from its natural reservoir, either in its original form or as a more virulent or pathogenic strain; in which case, the virus would be difficult to control in the absence of any effective antiviral drugs or vaccines. Using the well-studied SARS-CoV isolate HKU-39849, we developed a vaccinia virusbased SARS-CoV reverse genetic system that is both robust and biosafe. The SARS-CoV genome was cloned in separate vaccinia virus vectors, (vSARS-CoV-5prime and vSARS-CoV-3prime) as two cDNAs that were subsequently ligated to create a genome-length SARS-CoV cDNA template for in vitro transcription of SARS-CoV infectious RNA transcripts. Transfection of the RNA transcripts into permissive cells led to the recovery of infectious virus (recSARS-CoV). Characterization of the plaques produced by recSARS-CoV showed that they were similar in size to the parental SARS-CoV isolate HKU-39849 but smaller than the SARS-CoV isolate Frankfurt-1. Comparative analysis of replication kinetics showed that the kinetics of recSARS-CoV replication are similar to those of SARS-CoV Frankfurt-1, although the titers of virus released into the culture supernatant are approximately 10-fold less. The reverse genetic system was finally used to generate a recSARS-CoV reporter virus expressing Renilla luciferase in order to facilitate the analysis of SARS-CoV gene expression in human dendritic cells (hDCs). In parallel, a Renilla luciferase gene was also inserted into the genome of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). Using this approach, we demonstrate that, in contrast to HCoV-229E, SARS-CoV is not able to mediate efficient heterologous gene expression in hDCs.
Eliminating Blind Spots for Assisted Driving (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Drivers of heavy goods vehicles are not able to survey the whole surrounding area of their vehicle due to large blind spot regions. This paper shows how catadioptric cameras—a combination of cameras and mirrors—can be used to survey the surrounding area of vehicles. Four such cameras were mounted on a truck–trailer combination, and the images are combined such that obstacles are visible in an image presented to the driver. This image is a bird's eye view of the vehicle. Additionally, corridors indicating the path of motion of the vehicle are overlaid to the resulting image. To compute those corridors, a mathematical description of the path of motion is derived. Such a system does not only support the driver during maneuvering tasks but also increases safety of driving large vehicles. </para>
Efficient photo-enhancement of GaP and AlGaP growth in chemical beam epitaxy (1991)

The growth rate of GaP and AlGaP epitaxial layers was efficiently enhanced by N2-laser irradiation at low substrate temperatures in chemical beam epitaxy. The photo-enhancement efficiency, defined as the ratio of the number of deposited Ga atoms to the number of irradiating photons per unit area per unit time, is estimated to be 7×10−4. The decomposition of triethylaluminum was also enhanced by the irradiation, but less efficiently.
Fan-Out Panel Level Package with Fine Pitch Pattern (2018)

As the industry moves Beyond Moore, there has been much efforts for the next-generation of packaging, among which Fan-out wafer-level-package is getting significant attention with its high-degree heterogeneous integration capability, small form factor. As fan-out package steps on mass production stage, Panel level package (PLP) is emerging as the most cost-effective technology featuring a large and efficient working area for a varied unit size and array, while commercialization of PLP needs to address some of significant technical challenges in particular by facing RDL formation with fine pitch pattern for specific applications. Here, we report on the fine line/space with an emphasis upon the development of new technology possibly needed at ever demanding set application (i.e. 2.5D organic interposer) requiring the most fine ones. The proposed process has demonstrated its fine pattern capability with good line shape below 2/2 line and space. Panel warpage behaviors were compared between organic and glass carriers when mulit RDLs had been formed. In case of RDL first processes, the panel warpage with rigid carriers such as thick glass were less than that with organic ones throughout an entire RDL process including dielectric coating, photolithography, copper metal plating and other wet processes, while the surface flatness on which pattern would be formed were showing no distinct difference.
Nanocrystalline Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Electrospun NaCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanofibers (2010)

High-efficiency thermoelectric oxide materials are promising for the conversion of waste heat directly into electricity, and nanostructure engineering is effective in enhancing thermoelectric figure of merit through phonon scattering at grain boundaries and interfaces. In this work, we report a sol−gel-based electrospinning technique to synthesize thermoelectric NaCo2O4 nanofibers with grain size as small as 10 nm, orders of magnitude smaller than that of NaCo2O4 powders processed by conventional sol−gel techniques. A series of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) studies are carried out to measure the electric conduction in a single NaCo2O4 nanofiber, and the thermoelectric effect of a single NaCo2O4 nanofiber is also characterized using a novel thermal probing technique that induces a large temperature gradient in the nanofiber. Sintering of nanocrystalline nanofibers into bulk NaCo2O4 ceramics for thermoelectric energy harvesting is also discussed.
Splitless Injection on Capillary Columns, Part I. The Basic Technique; Steroid Analysis as an Example (1969)

A very simple procedure for splitless injection on capillary columns is discussed. In contrast to more sophisticated devices recently developed for the same purpose, the method described requires no additional equipment. The advantages of the method which broadens the use of capillary columns are discussed. Steroid analysis serves as an example of the applications.
Cyclic Polyketide Peroxides and Acyclic Diol Analogues from the Sponge <i>Plakortis lita</i> (1998)

The sponge Plakortis lita from Papua New Guinea is a source of three cyclic peroxides-ethyl plakortide Z (3), ethyl didehydroplakortide Z (4), and methyl didehydroplakortide Z (5)-and three acyclic diol analogues-ethyl seco-plakortide Z (6), epi-ethyl seco-plakortide Z (7), and ethyl didehydro-seco-plakortide Z (8). The absolute stereochemistry at the three chiral sites of 3 was assigned by preparing 6, which was investigated using the refined Mosher's method. Compounds 4, 5, and 6 were also concluded to have the same absolute stereochemistry as 3. The cyclic peroxides were generally cytotoxic, while the acyclic analogues were devoid of activity. Compound 3 was equally active in vitro against solid tumor and L-1210 leukemia cell lines. Alternatively, 4 was observed in vitro to be moderately solid-tumor selective but did not exhibit in vivo activity against solid tumors in mice.
Risk Factors for Headache Recurrence After Sumatriptan: A Study in 366 Migraine Patients (1996)

Headache recurrence (HR) is the major limitation of sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine attacks. The risk of HR is mainly patient-dependent. We analyzed, in 366 migraine patients, clinical differences between patients who always have HR and patients who never have HR. We found remarkably few differences. HR more frequently occurred in patients with more severe attacks and longer untreated attack duration; in patients who experienced a sensation of a subclinically ongoing attack, despite headache relief after sumatriptan; and in females, mainly with menstruation-related migraine, most probably due to the more severe and longer lasting attacks these patients suffer, rather than due to hormonal factors. The incidence of HR was, among other factors, not related to the (other) clinical effects of sumatriptan, the timing of administration within the attack, the duration of use of sumatriptan, pharmacokinetic factors, or whether patients were experiencing HR after use of ergot alkaloids.
Broadband planar wide-scan array employing tightly coupled elements and integrated balun (2010)

In this paper we present the design, fabrication and demonstration of an X-band phased array capable of wide-angle scanning. A new non-symmetric element for wideband tightly coupled dipole arrays is integrated with a low-profile microstrip balun printed on the array ground plane. The feed connects to the array aperture with vertical twin-wire transmission lines that concurrently perform impedance matching. The proposed element arms are identical near the center feed portion but dissimilar towards the ends, forming a ball-and-cup. A 64 element array prototype is verified experimentally and compared to numerical simulation. The array aperture is placed λ/7 (at 8 GHz) above a ground plane and shown to maintain a VSWR <; 2 from 8-12.5 GHz while scanning up to 75° and 60° in E and H-plane, respectively.
THE MECHANISM OF THE REACTION BETWEEN LITHIUM N-BUTYL AND VARIOUS ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE MECHANISM OF THE REACTION BETWEEN LITHIUM N-BUTYL AND VARIOUS ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDSC. S. Marvel, F. D. Hager, and D. D. CoffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 9, 2323–2328Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01408a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01408a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views773Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts