gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic degradation of oral biofilms <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>: potential of proteases originating from <i>Euphausia superba</i> for plaque control (2001)

This paper deals with enzymatic removal of dental plaque, in vitro as well as in vivo, using proteases from the Antarctic krill shrimp (Euphausia superba), referred to as Krillase. Krillase exhibits both endo- and exopeptidase activity but has no microbicidal effect. In model systems with pure cultures of oral microorganisms. Krillase demonstrated inhibition of microbial adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, a protocol for the growth of reproducible in vitro plaque films has been developed, and effects of Krillase on the plaque film were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that Krillase efficiently released microorganisms from plaque in vitro, the effect being dependent on the enzymatic activity. The surface energy of the substratum had a minor influence on the formation and removal of plaque in vitro. Ellipsometric studies on the formation and enzymatic removal of a salivary pellicle indicated that the enzymatic effect on plaque may partly depend on degradation of the salivary pellicle. Krillase was also able to remove plaque accumulated on dentures in vivo. Our results demonstrate the potential of Krillase for plaque control, and that these enzymes are worthy of further investigations including clinical studies and work to find a suitable vehicle.
Stent design: implications for restenosis. (2002)

There is increasing evidence that stent design influences angiographic restenosis and clinical outcomes. After nearly 15 years of clinical experience, there is now a plethora of stent designs available, and yet no single design incorporates all the characteristics of the ideal stent. The specific metallic composition of a stent limits the type of stent geometry possible, and the biocompatibility of the metal or surface coating may affect long-term stent healing. Studies have shown that stent geometry designed to optimize expansion and lower recoil is a prerequisite for favorable clinical outcomes. Strut thickness appears to be an important risk factor for restenosis, but changing one parameter, such as strut thickness, requires altering other design characteristics, thus altering the overall stent design. Future stent designs should combine the best features of conventional stent design with special modifications to facilitate multi-agent drug elution for a variety of applications.
Autocorrelation sidelobe considerations in the characterization of multipath errors (1997)

The effects of autocorrelation sidelobes on multipath errors in pseudorandom noise (PRN) ranging systems are investigated. It is shown that both medium-delay (i.e., on the order of 1 PRN chip) as well as long-delay multipath errors are affected. Results are applied to the case of the Global Positioning System (GPS).
DDT Polymorphism and the Lethality of Crystal Forms (2017)

DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane), a contact insecticide with a rich and controversial history since its activity was discovered in 1939, has long been thought to be monomorphic. Herein we report the discovery and characterization of a second polymorph, designated Form II, which can be isolated as single crystals, but converts very slowly at room temperature to the form reported previously, now designated as Form I. Computations based on an evolutionary algorithm for crystal structure prediction revealed that Forms I and II are among the four lowest energy crystal structures of fifty calculated. A preliminary study of the contact insecticidal activity toward fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) indicates that Form II is more active, suggesting opportunities for more effective solid-state formulations that would allow reduced amounts of DDT, thereby minimizing environmental impact.
Automated Detection and Quantification of Haemorrhages in Diabetic Retinopathy Images Using Image Arithmetic and Mathematical Morphology Methods (2013)

Abstract- We propose an algorithm for the detection of Haemorrhages from Diabetic Retinopathy images. The algorithm proceeds through three main steps 1. Color image enhancement 2.Image subtraction to extract blood vessels and haemorrhages and 3.Use of set of optimally adjusted morphological operators to suppress blood vessels and to highlight only haemorrhages. These automatically detected haemorrhages are validated by comparing with expert ophthalmologists ’ hand-drawn ground-truths. Quantitative performance of our algorithm is evaluated by calculating sensitivity and specificity and predictive value (PV). The overall sensitivity, specificity and PV obtained are 89.49%, 99.89%, and 98.34 % respectively. Index Terms- Diabetic retinopathy, haemorrhages, ophthalmology, image processing, retinal images. I.
Efficient Chromatographic Evaluation of Crown-Ether Complexation with Alkali-Metal Ions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient Chromatographic Evaluation of Crown-Ether Complexation with Alkali-Metal IonsTetsuo. Okada and Toshinori. UsuiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 10, 1654–1657Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00082a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (416 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The antiangiogenic tissue kallikrein pattern of endothelial cells in systemic sclerosis (2005)

Reduction of tissue kallikreins 9, 11, and 12 may be relevant to reduced angiogenesis in SSc patients.
Amino Functionalized Novel Cholic Acid Derivatives Induce HIV-1 Replication and Syncytia Formation in T Cells (2006)

Synthesis of C-11 azido/amino functionalized cholic acid derivatives has been achieved in excellent yields. Contrary to the previous prediction of analogous compounds to be HIV-1 protease inhibitors, in the present study these novel cholic acid derivatives induced host cell fusion during the progress of HIV-1 infection and produced multinucleated giant cells. This is the first report of syncytia induction and enhancement of viral replication in HIV-1 infected T cells by cholic acid derivatives.
Towards Consistency of Web Service Architectures (2003)

Web services are self-descriptive software components which can automatically be discovered and engaged, together with other web components, to complete tasks over the Internet. The integration of Web services entails consistency problems which can best be solved at the level of models. In this paper, we discuss an approach to model-based consistency management for component-based architectures and its application to Web service architectures.
Fabrication of Mesoporous Polystyrene Films with Controlled Porosity and Pore Size by Solvent Annealing for Templated Syntheses (2017)

Herein, we aim to develop a facile method for the fabrication of mesoporous polystyrene (PS) films with controlled porosity and pore size by solvent annealing. A PS polymer film is solvent-annealed using N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) vapor for the development of phase separation, followed by rapidly cooling to the preset cryogenic temperature. Subsequently, a nonsolvent (methanol) is introduced to extract the crystalline DMF from the DMF-swollen PS, giving mesoporous PS with a network structure after the removal of DMF. The porosity of the mesoporous PS films can be controlled by the degree of swelling. Most interestingly, the phase separation between PS and DMF at the thin-film state under solvent annealing can be regulated by the annealing time through the spinodal decomposition, giving the development of nanonetwork structure with controlled structural features (i.e., framework size and interframework spacing) at invariant porosity. Consequently, after the removal of DMF, mesoporous PS films with controlled porosity and pore size can be obtained and then used as a template for the fabrication of a variety of nanoporous inorganics by templated syntheses, such as nanoporous SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Ni, providing a cost-effective way to fabricate a range of nanoporous materials with controlled porosity and pore size as well as large specific surface area for aimed applications.
Determination of Phenazopyridine in Human Plasma by GC--MS and its Pharmacokinetics (2008)

A sensitive, selective, and simple gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method is developed for quantitation of phenazopyridine (PAP) in human plasma using internal standard (diazepam). PAP and IS are extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed on a DB-5MS column with mass selective detector. Excellent linearity is found between 5-500 ng/mL (r = 0.9992, n = 7) for PAP in human plasma. The limit of detection is 0.3 ng/mL. Intra- and Inter-day precisions expressed as the relative standard deviation for the method are 1.37-6.69% and 1.24-6.01%, respectively. Extraction efficiency is more than 90%, and recoveries are in the range of 92.65-96.21%. This method is successfully applied for the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of 2 formulations of PAP in 18 healthy male volunteers who received a single 200 mg dose of each formulation.
Adjustable bidirectional MOS current mirror/amplifier (1989)

Three types of bidirectional MOS current mirror/amplifier are considered. Limitations on the use of conventional current mirrors are discussed. An improved circuit which circumvents the disadvantages of normal current mirrors is described. A further extension allows the current gain of the bidirectional MOS current mirror/amplifier to be adjusted by either a current or a voltage.
MNK1 and MNK2 Regulation in HER2-overexpressing Breast Cancer Lines (2006)

MAPK-interacting protein kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1 and MNK2) function downstream of p38 and ERK MAPK, but there are large gaps in our knowledge of how MNKs are regulated and function. As proteins activated in the HER2/Ras/Raf/ERK pathway, the MNKs are of potential interest in HER2-overexpressing cancers. We utilized a panel of breast cell lines (HCC1419, AU565, SKBR3, MCF7, and MCF10A), three of which overexpress HER2, to characterize the amounts and activation status of MNKs and other pathway enzymes (ERKs and RSKs) in these cells. We generated a phosphospecific antibody to Thr(P)-214 in the T-loop of MNKs and found that phosphorylations of both Thr-209 and Thr-214 in human MNK1 are required for activation. Increased phosphorylation and activity of the MNKs correlate with HER2 overexpression, and inhibition of the MNKs reduces colony formation in soft agar. Our work identifies the MNKs as potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatments.
Time-Based Sensor Interface Circuits in CMOS and Carbon Nanotube Technologies (2016)

The evolution of electronics towards compact and highly energy-efficient systems requires joint efforts in developing both innovative system architectures and novel devices. Recent developments show that time-based sensor interfaces yield highly-digital architectures, which are compatible with advanced silicon CMOS at highly-scaled technology nodes. Advancements in CMOS time-based sensor interfaces show that new circuit techniques can help to increase performance and robustness. Furthermore, these architectures have successfully been implemented in carbon nanotube technology, a promising technology to further reduce the energy consumption in electronics. In addition, CNTs are excellent candidates to be functionalized as sensors, and can potentially improve the energy efficiency of sensors and sensor interfaces for future autonomy-demanding applications. This paper presents an overview of time-based sensor interfaces implemented in CMOS and CNT technologies, allowing for scalable and robust designs. Several CMOS and VLSI-compatible CNFET-based sensor interface circuits have been fabricated and validated through measurements, demonstrating the feasibility of these solutions.
New large optical cavity laser with distributed active layers (1983)

A new semiconductor current injection laser having multiple active layers distributed within a large optical cavity (LOC) waveguide is shown to operate as an efficient, low-threshold, high-peak power laser diode. The use of distributed active layers in LOC laser structure leads to improved efficiency in utilizing the injected carriers when compared to the conventional single active layer LOC laser structure.
Autofocusing Airy beams generated by all-dielectric metasurface for visible light (2017)

Conventional method to generate autofocusing Airy (AFA) beam involves the optical Fourier transform (FT) system, which has a fairly long working distance due to the focal length of FT lens, presence of spatial light modulator (SLM) and auxiliary total reflection mirrors. Here, we propose an extremely compact design to generate high-efficiency AFA beam at visible frequency by using metasurface which is composed of a single layer array of amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) elliptical nanofins sitting on the fused-silica substrate. Numerical simulations show that the designed structures are capable of precisely controlling the deflection of Airy beam and tuning the focal length of AFA beam. We further numerically demonstrate that the phase modulation of AFA beam could combine with the concept of vortex light field to produce vortical AFA beam. We anticipate that such device can be useful in the ultra-compact integrated optic system, biomedical nanosurgery and optical trapping applications.
A High-Power Low-Distortion GaAs HBT Power Amplifier for Mobile Terminals Used in Broadband Wireless Applications (2007)

This paper describes technologies of miniaturized high-power low-distortion GaAs HBT power amplifiers with a low-voltage operation for mobile terminals used in 5-6 GHz broadband wireless applications. In conjunction with diode-based linearizing techniques, wideband matching network techniques including trap circuits for second harmonics allow us to obtain a compact broadband power amplifier module with harmonic filtering, achieving the high linear output power at a low supply voltage together with the low distortion and the low second-harmonic spurious outputs in a wide frequency range. The fabricated power amplifier exhibited linear output power levels of 21 and 22 dBm at EVM values of 2.0 and 3.0%, respectively, measured with 54 Mb/s 64-QAM-OFDM signals at a supply voltage of 3.3 V in a frequency range of 5-6 GHz. Second harmonic spurious outputs below -35 dBc were also attained.
Cloud DSL: A Language for Supporting Cloud Portability by Describing Cloud Entities. (2014)

Abstract. Different cloud platforms offer similar services with different characteristics, names, and functionalities. Therefore, describing cloud platform entities in such a way that they can be mapped to each other is critical to enable a smooth migration across platforms. In this paper, we present a DSL that uses a common cloud vocabulary for describing cloud entities covering a wide variety of cloud IaaS services. Through analysis of existing cloud DSLs, we advocate that our cloud DSL is more expressive for the purpose of describing different cloud IaaS services. In addition, when used along with TOSCA, our preliminary analysis sug-gests that our Cloud DSL significantly reduces the workload of creating cloud descriptions in a TOSCA specification.
Hard work: finding rules that keep a group together (2012)

In spite of their differences, there are some essential features that are common to all farmer organisations. One of these is the need to find a balance between their interests as a group and the interests of its individual members. How - and when - is this balance found?
Ensuring high sensor data quality through use of online outlier detection techniques (2010)

Data collected by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are inherently unreliable. Therefore, to ensure high data quality, secure monitoring, and reliable detection of interesting and critical events, outlier detection mechanisms are needed to be in place. The constraint nature of resources available in WSNs necessities that unlike traditional outlier detection techniques performed off-line, outliers to be identified in an online manner. This means that outliers in distributed streaming data should be detected in (near) real time with a high accuracy while maintaining the resource consumption of the WSN to a minimum. In this paper, we propose outlier detection techniques based on one-class quarter-sphere support vector machine meeting constraints and requirements of WSNs. To reduce the false alarm rate while increasing the detection rate and to enable collaborative outliers detection, we take advantage of spatial and temporal correlations that exist between sensor data. Experiments with both synthetic and real data show that our distributed and online outlier detection techniques achieve better detection accuracy and lower false alarm compared to an earlier distributed, batch outlier detection technique designed for WSNs.
Gain excursion & tilt compensation algorithm for TDFA using 1.4 μm/1.5 μm dual wavelength pump control (2003)

Summary form only given. We investigated some of the key issues of the amplifier application in WDM systems such as gain tilt and gain excursion, along with their compensating techniques. We explained the gain excursion/tilt behavior of thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) under 1.4 /spl mu/m/1.5 /spl mu/m main/subsidiary pumping scheme. It was found that it is necessary to control both wavelengths to completely compensate the induced gain excursion from the channel add/drops. With coarse tuning on the main pump power for gain level control, together with subsidiary pump power control for gain tilt fine-tuning, it was possible to reduce the gain excursion within 0.1 dB over the entire gain bandwidth, up to 4 dB of gain excursions. Even limited by the experimental set-up, we believe that this algorithm would apply to wider gain excursion values, and can be used to develop a practical gain tilt control algorithm different from that of EDFA.
Bacterial Consortium-Based Sensing System for Detecting Organophosphorus Pesticides (2018)

Engineered bacteria with synthetic gene circuits are attractive tools to detect environmental contaminants. However, their applications in realistic settings are hindered by its relatively low sensitivity, long response time, and limited portability. Here, we present a synthetic bacterial consortium-based system for detecting organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). The system consists of two Escherichia coli strains with divided tasks, including one for hydrolyzing OPs to p-nitrophenol (PNP) and the other for converting the PNP signal into β-galactosidase production for colorimetric detection. Upon optimization, the system was able to detect ethyl-paraoxon at the concentration of 1 × 10<sup>-9</sup> M within 3.5 h of induction at 28 °C, which is approximately 200-fold more sensitive than single-cell based whole-cell sensing. In addition, it was capable of detecting several OPs, commonly used in agriculture. Furthermore, the system showed promise for on-site detection through the demonstration of a paper-based setting and real apple and soil samples. This study provides a rapid, sensitive, and portable biosensing platform for contaminant detection and also demonstrates the utility of engineered microbial ecosystems for novel environmental applications.
Control Strategy for NOx - Emission Reduction with SCR (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Future emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles like Euro 4, Euro 5, US '07 require advanced engine functionality. One contribution to achieve this target is the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by injection of urea water solution to the exhaust gas. An overview on a urea dosing system, also called DENOXTRONIC, is given and a dosing strategy is described.</div>
Evolutionary Histories of Type III Polyketide Synthases in Fungi (2020)

Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) produce secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, including antimicrobials. While they have been extensively studied in plants and bacteria, only a handful of type III PKSs from fungi has been characterized in the last 15 years. The exploitation of fungal type III PKSs to produce novel bioactive compounds requires understanding the diversity of these enzymes, as well as of their biosynthetic pathways. Here, phylogenetic and reconciliation analyses of 522 type III PKSs from 1,193 fungal genomes revealed complex evolutionary histories with massive gene duplications and losses, explaining their discontinuous distribution in the fungal tree of life. In addition, horizontal gene transfer events from bacteria to fungi and, to a lower extent, between fungi, could be inferred. Ancestral gene duplication events have resulted in the divergence of eight phylogenetic clades. Especially, two clades show ancestral linkage and functional co-evolution between a type III PKS and a reducing PKS genes. Investigation of the occurrence of protein domains in fungal type III PKS predicted gene clusters highlighted the diversity of biosynthetic pathways, likely reflecting a large chemical landscape. Type III PKS genes are most often located next to genes encoding cytochrome P450s, MFS transporters and transcription factors, defining ancestral core gene clusters. This analysis also allowed predicting gene clusters for the characterized fungal type III PKSs and provides working hypotheses for the elucidation of the full biosynthetic pathways. Altogether, our analyses provide the fundamental knowledge to motivate further characterization and exploitation of fungal type III PKS biosynthetic pathways.
The Breast Implant Controversy: A Prism for Reform (2001)

The author argues that regulatory blunders and the litigation explosion pertaining to breast implants highlight defects in U.S. administrative and tort law systems.
Thermal pulp testing. (1978)

Assistant Secretary Roosevelt is shown seated at a desk, reading in an armchair. In the background are a file and a ship model.
Cardioselective .beta.-adrenergic blocking agents. 1. 1-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenethyl)amino]-3-aryloxy-2-propanols (1975)

A series of 1-amino-3-aryloxy-2-propanols has been synthesized and examined for cardioselective beta-blockade. The introduction of the (3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino group lead to the most cardioselective agents. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Of the compounds tested 1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino]-3-(m-tolyloxy)-2-propanol was selected for clinical trial because of optimal potency and selectivity.
Kinetically controlled ammonia vapor diffusion synthesis of a Zn(<scp>ii</scp>) MOF and its H<sub>2</sub>O/NH<sub>3</sub> adsorption properties (2016)

A unique method for synthesizing a Zn(<sc>ii</sc>) complex Zn(INA)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub> (INA = isonicotinate) has been developed by kinetically controlled ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) vapor diffusion at low temperatures without any external energy input.