gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
한·미 FTA에 따른 국내 제약산업의 경쟁력강화 방안 (2007)

Nowadays the flow of international trade is that there seems to appear economic block significantly because most countries contract FTAs, so our market condition is changing to a severe competitive situation. Korea which has 70% of foreign dependence on trade must get involved in regionalism, and also actively promote FTA more than any other countries. After we contracted FTA with Chile in 2003, we have concluded FTA with Singapore, EFTA, ASEAN and U.S.. Since contracted of Korea-U.S. FTA on April in 2007, the pharmaceutical industry are anxious. The pharmaceutical industry in korea has recently come to a crisis that it is hard to expect a growth due to structure of profit and a change for the worse of management. Considering this kind of surroundings, we need to present the policy to enhance competitiveness for damage limitation on pharmaceutical industry by Korea-U.S. FTA. Under this background, this study has groped for a direction to strengthen the competitiveness to develop pharmaceutical industry in quality. The competitive enhancement plan is presented which is divided into the government policy part, the R&D part, and the management part.
Structural and magnetic properties of nanocomposite Co:C films (1999)

The structural and magnetic properties of Co:C nanocomposite films at room temperature were investigated as functions of annealing temperature, Co concentration, and film thickness. The as-deposited films, which were cosputtered from Co and C onto water-cooled glass substrates, are nonmagnetic amorphous Co–C alloys. Hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) Co grains are formed in 100 nm films annealed at 300 °C and most Co takes this structure when annealed at higher temperatures. The sizes of the Co grains range from 10 to 25 nm, with larger grain size resulting from higher annealing temperature and higher Co concentration. With the increase of annealing temperature and Co concentration, the magnetic activation or switching volumes increase faster than the physical grain volumes, suggesting the increased exchange coupling between neighboring Co grains. The films with high coercivities have optimal combinations of large grain size and weak intergrain exchange coupling before a network-like structure is formed and the percolation threshold is reached. Coercivities of about 800 Oe were obtained in 100 nm films with annealing temperature of 400 °C and Co concentration of 60 at. %. Higher coercivities, up to 1030 Oe, were obtained in films with reduced thickness and elevated annealing temperature.
Biaxial Liquid Crystals (1970)

Convergent light observations have been made on three liquid crystalline substances with nematic and smectic phases. The nematic phase was observed to be uniaxial as expected, but smectic $C$ was found to be biaxial. The optic axial angle $2V$ for smectic $C$ was found to be on the order of 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for all three compounds. Also, the tilt angle for smectic $C$ is nearly 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for all three liquid-crystal systems. Anisotropy of the degrees of order is suggested as a partial explanation for the biaxial character of smectic $C$.
The Social Context of Pre-Islamic Poetry: Poetic Imagery and Social Reality in the Mu C Allaqat (2003)

A partir de l'exemple du al-Mu c allaqāt, l'A. montre comment le corpus preislamique de la poesie Jāhilī peut contribuer a l'interpretation de la societe arabe preislamique. La connaissance anthropologique des societes pastorales-nomades contemporaines du Moyen-Orient permet de mettre en lumiere le contenu social de ces odes Jāhilī et sa pertinence pour l'etude de la societe qui les a composees, notamment dans le domaine des feuds et du partage de la nourriture. Par ailleurs, la contextualisation des sept odes du al-Mu c allaqāt dans le contexte pastoral-nomade permet de reconcilier les messages sociaux contradictoires des differents poemes. L'A. suggere que l'utilisation de cette methode anthropologique peut contribuer aux approches poetiques historiques et comparatives pour la description de la societe Jāhilī et la determination de la place de la poesie dans cette societe. Les etudes de cas concernent les societes suivantes : les Bedouins des deserts du Negev et de Syrie, de la Cyrenaique et du nord-ouest de l'Egypte ; les tribus Shammar, Rwala et c Anaza du Najd septentrional (Arabie Saoudite) ; les Ogaden des Hautes-Terres de Somali.
Improved SAR target detection via extended fractal features (2001)

The utility of the extended fractal (EF) feature is evaluated for the enhancement of the focus of attention (FOA) stage of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) system. Unlike more traditional SAR detection features that distinguish target pixels from the background only on the basis of contrast, the EF feature is sensitive to both the contrast and size of objects. Furthermore, the structure for the EF feature computational algorithm lends itself to very fast implementation, and it can be shown that the new feature has a CFAR-like (constant false alarm rate) property. We demonstrate the improved performance using the new feature by testing a number of different detection approaches over two databases of SAR imagery.
A mechanism for RNA splicing. (1980)

The most abundant of the stable small nuclear RNAs of eukaryotic cells, U-1 small nuclear RNA, is exactly complementary to the consensus sequences at RNA splice sites. We propose that this RNA is the recognition component of the nuclear RNA splicing enzyme and forms base pairs with both ends of an intron so as to align them for cutting and splicing.
Imaging and identification of atomic planes of cleaved Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ by high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (1998)

Imaging of the surface of a cleaved Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (BSCCO) single crystal with a scanning tunneling microscope reveals a series of repeating terraces, whose separations are then used to identify the atomic planes which are exposed. On each of the exposed planes, the incommensurate modulation is also clearly resolved with atomic resolution. The measured separations between the terraces lead to the deduction that any atomic layer can be exposed by mechanical cleavage of BSCCO. We, therefore, suggest that the identity of atomic planes, and the direction of tunneling, should always be taken into consideration when interpreting tunneling spectra obtained on such cleaved BSCCO crystals.
Modern spatial (seasonal) variability in sea ice cover of the Kara and Laptev seas: Reconstruction from new biomarker data determined in surface sediments (2012)

Sea ice is a fundamental component of Earth's climate system, contributing to heat reduction (albedo) and deep-water formation. In order to understand processes controlling the recent dramatic reduction in Arctic sea ice cover, it is essential to determine spatial and temporal changes in sea ice occurrence and its natural variability in the present and past. Here, we present new biomarker data from surface sediments and related to the modern spatial (seasonal) sea ice variability in the Kara and Laptev seas. That means, we determined concentrations of the sea ice diatom-derived biomarker "IP25" (isoprenoid with 25 carbon atom; Belt et al., 2007), phytoplankton-derived biomarkers (brassicasterol and dinosterol) and terrigenous biomarkers (campesterol and ß-sitosterol) to estimate recent sea ice conditions in the study area. Assessment of sea ice conditions based on these biomarkers shows that a marginal ice zone exists along the continental shelf/slope of Kara and Laptev seas during summer/early fall. Elevated IP25 as well as brassicasterol and dinosterol values occurring in the central Kara and Laptev seas are related to extended sea-ice-cover and higher primary production (close to ice edge situation). Further to the north, lower IP25 and phytoplankton biomarker concentrations point to a more close sea ice cover situation. There are no IP25 and very low brassicasterol and dinosterol concentrations in the river mouths but high terrigenous biomarker (campesterol and ß-sitosterol) concentrations due to the fresh water inflow transporting terrigenous matter to estuaries. A combined phytoplankton-IP25 biomarker approach ("PIP25 index"; Müller et al., 2009, 2011) is used to reconstruct the modern sea ice distribution more quantitatively.
Mutual coupling compensation in small planar array antennas (1998)

Far-field pattern synthesis of small antenna arrays is a nontrivial problem. Typically radiation patterns are required to exhibit low sidelobe levels, whilst maintaining the ability to scan the main beam in space. Mutual coupling is a pertinent problem when the number of antenna elements is small, often precluding the use of conventional tapering algorithms. In this paper a technique previously employed to compensate for mutual coupling in linear arrays is extended to include small planar antenna arrays. The method consists of the calculation of the coupling coefficients between the array elements, which are then formed into a matrix and used to compensate for the effects of mutual coupling. It is then shown that this method is not suitable for all planar array configurations and a new technique is developed which allows the calculation of coupling matrices for these element configurations. Measured data from a small planar antenna array is presented, with the outlined methods employed to produce low sidelobe sum and difference beams.
Endogenous viral genes of the White Leghorn chicken: common site of residence and sites associated with specific phenotypes of viral gene expression. (1978)

The DNAs from greater than 150 individual White Leghorn chickens were digested with restriction endonucleases BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, and Sst I, fractionated by gel electrophoresis, denatured, and transferred to nitrocellulose filters. Fragments containing the endogenous viral genes were detected by hybridization with 70S Rous associated virus type 2[32P]RNA. Embryos of several different phenotypes with respect to production of the endogenous virus and expression of viral group-specific antigen and viral envelope protein were analyzed. DNA from birds of each phenotype produced a distinctive pattern of fragments containing viral genetic information. Individual fragments were seen to segregate as genetic loci in mating experiments. From the fragment patterns and the segregation data, the following conclusions were drawn with respect to the sites of residence in the chicken chromosome of the endogenous viral genes: (i) the DNA of all chickens contains viral genetic information in at least one site, and this site of residence appears to be the same in all chickens analyzed; (ii) four other sites have been identified, and the presence of viral information at each of these sites is always accompanied by a specific phenotype of endogenous viral gene expression; (iii) in addition to the above-mentioned five sites, a small number of other sites have been identified which are not associated with a known phenotype.
Entrapment of Polysulfides by a Black‐Phosphorus‐Modified Separator for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2016)

A bifunctional separator modified by black-phosphorus nanoflakes is prepared to overcome the challenges associated with the polysulfide diffusion in lithium-sulfur batteries. It brings the benefits of the entrapment of various sulfur species via the strong binding energy and re-activation of the trapped sulfur species due to its high electron conductivity as well as Li-ion diffusivity.
Characterization of an IgA receptor from group B streptococci: specificity for serum IgA (1990)

Some strains of group B streptococci express a cell surface protein which binds IgA. This report describes some properties of such an IgA receptor and compares it with a previously described IgA receptor from group A streptococci. The group B receptor was released in an almost pure form from bacteria incubated at elevated pH, and could be isolated by IgA-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The sequence of the N-terminal 19 amino acid residues was unique. The receptor preferentially binds IgA of human origin, as shown in immunoblotting experiments with purified IgA from nine different species. The affinity constant of the purified receptor for serum IgA was determined to be 3.5 x 10(8) M-1, but for secretory IgA it was too low to allow determination. This result indicates that secretory component and/or J chain interferes with the binding of IgA to this type of bacterial receptor, which may be one of the physiological functions of these polypeptides. A reduction in affinity was also observed for another complexed form of IgA, alpha 1-microglobulin-IgA. The group B receptor is antigenically unrelated to the IgA receptor from group A streptococci (protein Arp), but competitive inhibition experiments indicate that they bind to the same region in IgA. The implications of these findings, and the biological role of bacterial IgA receptors, are discussed.
Enhanced antibacterial activity through the controlled alignment of graphene oxide nanosheets (2017)

The cytotoxicity of 2D graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) is highly important for engineered applications and environmental health. However, the isotropic orientation of GBNs, most notably graphene oxide (GO), in previous experimental studies obscured the interpretation of cytotoxic contributions of nanosheet edges. Here, we investigate the orientation-dependent interaction of GBNs with bacteria using GO composite films. To produce the films, GO nanosheets are aligned in a magnetic field, immobilized by cross-linking of the surrounding matrix, and exposed on the surface through oxidative etching. Characterization by small-angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy confirms that GO nanosheets align progressively well with increasing magnetic field strength and that the alignment is effectively preserved by cross-linking. When contacted with the model bacterium <i>Escherichia coli</i>, GO nanosheets with vertical orientation exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity compared with random and horizontal orientations. Further characterization is performed to explain the enhanced antibacterial activity of the film with vertically aligned GO. Using phospholipid vesicles as a model system, we observe that GO nanosheets induce physical disruption of the lipid bilayer. Additionally, we find substantial GO-induced oxidation of glutathione, a model intracellular antioxidant, paired with limited generation of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that oxidation occurs through a direct electron-transfer mechanism. These physical and chemical mechanisms both require nanosheet penetration of the cell membrane, suggesting that the enhanced antibacterial activity of the film with vertically aligned GO stems from an increased density of edges with a preferential orientation for membrane disruption. The importance of nanosheet penetration for cytotoxicity has direct implications for the design of engineering surfaces using GBNs.
Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Water by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2006)

A method has been developed for the trace analysis of 15 pharmaceuticals, four metabolites of pharmaceuticals, three potential endocrine disruptors, and one personal care product in various waters. The method employs solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), using electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative modes. Unlike many previous LC-MS/MS methods, which suffer from matrix suppression, this method uses isotope dilution for each compound to correct for matrix suppression, as well as SPE losses and instrument variability. The method was tested in five matrices, and results indicate that the method is very robust. Matrix spike recoveries for all compounds were between 88 and 106% for wastewater influent, 85 and 108% for wastewater effluent, 72 and 105% for surface water impacted by wastewater, 96 and 113% for surface water, and 91 and 116% for drinking water. The method reporting limits for all compounds were between 0.25 and 1.0 ng/L, based on 500 mL of sample extracted and a final extract volume of 500 microL. Occurrence of the compounds in all five matrices is also reported.
Detection of Epithelial‐Cell Injury, and Quantification of Infection, in the HCT‐8 Organoid Model of Cryptosporidiosis (2008)

The HCT-8 organoid displayed morphologic changes indicative of successful and quantifiable infection with C. parvum. The HCT-8 organoid-culture system may have application in interventional in vitro studies of cryptosporidiosis.
Accelerating Color Space Conversion Using Extended Subwords and the Matrix Register File (2006)

Color space conversion is an important kernel in multimedia codecs such as JPEG and MPEG. When implemented using SIMD instructions, however, the performance improvement is often limited due to two reasons. First, corresponding color space components are stored at non-unit strides and, second, intermediate results can be larger than 8 bits. In this paper we show that extended subwords and the matrix register file (MRF) can be employed to mitigate these limitations. These techniques avoid rearrangement instructions and increase the number of subwords that are processed in parallel. Experimental results have been obtained by extending the SimpleScalar toolset. The results show that extended subwords and the MRF yield a speedup of up to 2.45x and 1.78x over MMX for the RGB-to-YCbCr and YCbCr-to-RGB kernels, respectively. Compared to C implementations, speedups of up to 10.09x and 6.74x, respectively, are obtained. Additionally, the results show that the speedup over MMX is higher for low issue rates. This means that extended subwords and the MRF are suitable techniques for embedded multimedia systems where high issue rates and out-of-order execution are too expensive. The results also show that using more registers improves performance substantially
Prototype Breast Coil for MR-Guided Needle Localization (1994)

Our studies show that MR-guided needle localization is possible.
Selective ring-opening polymerization of di-O-methylated and di-O-benzylated 1,4-anhydro-.alpha.-D-ribopyranoses and structure proof of synthetic cellulose-type polysaccharide (1 .fwdarw. 4)-.beta.-D-ribopyranan and (1 .fwdarw. 5)-.alpha.-D-ribofuranan (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective ring-opening polymerization of di-O-methylated and di-O-benzylated 1,4-anhydro-.alpha.-D-ribopyranoses and structure proof of synthetic cellulose-type polysaccharide (1 .fwdarw. 4)-.beta.-D-ribopyranan and (1 .fwdarw. 5)-.alpha.-D-ribofurananToshiyuki Uryu, Junichi Yamanouchi, Takashi Kato, Shinya Higuchi, and Kei MatsuzakiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 23, 6865–6871Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00361a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00361a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Catecholamine Sensitive Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia: Intraoperative Mapping and Ahlation of a Free‐Wall Focus (1989)

A patient with catecholamine-sensitive right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia refractory to pharmacological therapy underwent intraoperative mapping and cryoablation. Epicardial and endocardial mapping demonstrated earliest ventricular activation in the free-wall of the outflow tract, and cryoablation of the area resulted in surgical cure. No histologic abnormalities at the site of tachycardia origin were detected. Catecholamine sensitivity does not appear to result from a diffuse myocardial process, and permanent ablation of the tachycardia in this group of patients with a regional procedure is feasible.
新型1200V SPT~+芯片技术和17mm的IGBT功率模块平台——最先进逆变器设计的理想组合 (2006)

在具有重要意义的1200V电压等级的市场上,SEMIKRON推出了17mm厚的扁平化的、采用SEMiX功率模块封装技术的下一代软穿通(SPT)IGBT,即SPT+作为今后开发其它产品的平台。和以前的软穿通芯片模块相比,SPT+模块的开关损耗和导通损耗都要低。芯片的自钳位模式及其极富创新的SEMiX封装使得客户可以容易地设计出成本低、结构紧凑的逆变器。本文介绍了SPT+的电气性能测试结果,并和以前的SPT芯片进行了比较。
Mechanism of cell surface expression of the <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> platelet binding proteins PblA and PblB (2007)

PblA and PblB are prophage-encoded proteins of Streptococcus mitis strain SF100 that mediate binding to human platelets. The mechanism for surface expression of these proteins has been unknown, as they do not contain signal sequences or cell wall sorting motifs. We therefore assessed whether expression of these proteins was linked the lytic cycle of the prophage. Deletion of either the holin or lysin gene resulted in retention of PblA and PblB in the cytoplasm, and loss of these proteins from the cell wall. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that induction of phage replication in SF100 produced a subpopulation of cells with increased permeability. This effect was abrogated by disruption of the holin and lysin genes. Treatment of these mutants with exogenous PblA and PblB restored surface expression, apparently via binding of the proteins to cell wall choline. Loss of PblA and PblB expression was associated with decreased platelet binding in vitro, and reduced virulence in an animal model of endocarditis. Thus, expression of PblA and PblB occurs via a novel mechanism, whereby phage induction increases bacterial permeability and release of the proteins, followed by their binding to surface of viable cells. This mechanism may be important for endovascular infection.
Unleashing the Wild Card for mobile payment (2014)

Mobile wallets promise a future where users do not need to carry physical payment cards. However, the slow adoption of contactless point of sales (POS) terminals by merchants limits the potential of Near-Field Communication (NFC) based payment devices. In this paper, we present Wild Card, a secure and backward compatible solution for making mobile payments at conventional magnetic stripe based POS terminals. Our solution resembles a traditional credit card in its physical dimensions and stays in the phone case. It can be programmatically set by an NFC-enabled mobile phone to any card number that the user owns. The key technologies that enable Wild Card are a fully programmable magnetic stripe, an energy harvesting system that allows the card to be charged and programmed by the phone through NFC, and a security mechanism that makes card information resilient to attacks on mobile devices. With a prototype, we evaluate the feasibility of Wild Card in terms of functionality and energy budget.