gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating motion and trajectory forms of a wheeled mobile robot on a flat surface with an inclination angle (2009)

PEOPLER-II is a hybrid robot with 8-leg ends and 4-wheels attached to a knee joint rim rotating around a hip joint. It has been developed to assist people who needs enhancement for their capability of locomotion. In order to cope with different environments, investigation of the robot trajectory is of significant importance while a frictional condition of the surface influences the form of trajectory. Therefore, this paper extends a C++ object oriented simulator based on mathematical expression for estimating energy cost of motion utilizing the Principle of Virtual Work to the wheeled locomotion mode of the PEOPLER-II. We clarify the robot trajectory form of turning and spinning. Actually, we demonstrate the simulated trajectories on flat surfaces. In addition, we show the effect of the velocity ratio between right and left side wheels on the trajectory forms as well as the inclination angle of the surface.
Low-Standby-Power Bulk MOSFET Design Using High-$k$ Trench Isolation (2009)

High-permittivity trench isolation (HTI) is proposed as a means to achieve low off-state leakage current without a high-aspect-ratio or ultrathin body structure. The HTI provides for improved capacitive coupling between the gate and the active region sidewalls, which allows the steep-retrograde body-doping profile to be recessed while suppressing short-channel effects. The result is a lower body-doping concentration at the drain junction, resulting in ~ 10times lower band-to-band tunneling leakage than for a conventional bulk MOSFET design.
Antibody Responses to<i>Acinetobacter</i>spp. and<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>in Multiple Sclerosis: Prospects for Diagnosis Using the Myelin-<i>Acinetobacter</i>-Neurofilament Antibody Index (2001)

Antibody responses to Acinetobacter (five strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, myelin basic protein (MBP), and neurofilaments were measured in sera from 26 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, 20 patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), 10 patients with viral encephalitis, and 25 healthy blood donors. In MS patients, elevated levels of antibodies against all strains of Acinetobacter tested were present, as well as antibodies against P. aeruginosa, MBP, and neurofilaments, but not antibodies to E. coli, compared to the CVA group and controls. The myelin-Acinetobacter-neurofilament antibody index appears to distinguish MS patients from patients with CVAs or healthy controls. The relevance of such antibodies to the neuropathology of MS requires further evaluation.
Modeling the anisotropic self-assembly of spherical polymer-grafted nanoparticles (2009)

Recent experimental results demonstrated that polymer grafted nanoparticles in solvents display self-assembly behavior similar to the microphase separation of block copolymers and other amphiphiles. We present a mean-field theory and complementary computer simulations to shed light on the parametric underpinnings of the experimental observations. Our theory suggests that such self-assembled structures occur most readily when the nanoparticle size is comparable to the radius of gyration of the polymer brush chains. Much smaller particle sizes are predicted to yield uniform particle dispersions, while larger particles are expected to agglomerate due to phase separation from the solvent. Selected aspects of our theoretical predictions are corroborated by computer simulations.
Single-Sideband Frequency Shifting In Birefringent Optical Fiber (1984)

Single-sideband frequency shifting has been demonstrated in birefringent fiber by using a traveling acoustic wave to couple the two orthogonal polarizations of the fiber. Both surface and bulk acoustic waves have been used. Frequency shifts as high as 15 MHz have been observed, with carrier and unwanted sideband suppressions of 25-30 dB, using acoustic powers of a few watts.
Solvent Extraction and Related Studies on Silver Recovery from Aqueous Solutions (1993)

Abstract The main research in the solvent extraction of silver is exhaustively reviewed, together with relevant data on the metal ion complexation properties in one phase. Such features as the transport of competitive cations through liquid membranes and selectivity in silver extraction are also reviewed. The behavior of organic ligands interacting with silver is analyzed on the basis of the atom type or types directly responsible for extraction/complexation processes.
Optimal Drilling and Completion of Deep ERD Wells (2013)

In this Master Thesis well design for deepwater ERD wells have been reviewed. These wells present new challenges for the industry, which creates high demands for well design and materials. The constant push for deeper deepwater wells makes optimization critical. A literature study on deepwater completions has been done.Factors impacting the well design have been investigated through simulations in Landmark s WellCat. The design has been based on Statoil design requirements and APIcalculation theory. A self-built model has been developed to simulate the well performance for a well located in the Gulf of Mexico. The chosen well has a water depth of 2,300m and a reservoir pressure above 1,350 bar (20,000 psi). It is thus classified as a High-Pressure High-Temperature well. The well is designed as an Extended Reach Well.Well design is dependent on several factors, such as: pressure and temperature, production plans (e.g. gas lift), water depth, present formations and their hydrocarbon content. Different requirements exist depending on where in the world the well is located, and for different expectancies for hydrocarbons in the different sections. These factors and requirements influence on well design have been studied. The study showed that the two requirement documents available were not modified for deepwater wells. Gaps in the present technology were identified and, where possible, suggestions for improved performance were made.A WellCat model was implemented to simulate the loads in the given well. A drillabilitystudy was done for the reservoir section. Some parameters were varied to investigate thechanges in the well design. Based on these results a final well design for the given well was found. Two new pipes would have to be made to handle the high pressures in thewell.
Ageing and zonal variation in post-translational modification of collagen in normal human articular cartilage: The age-related increase in non-enzymatic glycation affects biomechanical properties of cartilage (1998)

A biomechanical failure of the collagen network is postulated in many hypotheses of the development of osteoarthritis with advancing age. Here we investigate the accumulation of non-enzymatic glycation (NEG) products in healthy human articular cartilage, its relation to tissue remodelling and its role in tissue stiffening. Pentosidine levels were low up to age 20 years, and increased linearly after this age. This indicates extensive tissue remodelling at young age, and slow turnover of collagen after maturity has been reached. The slow remodelling is supported by the finding that enzymatic modifications of collagen (hydroxylysine, hydroxylysylpyridinoline, and lysylpyridinoline) were not related to age. The high remodelling is supported by levels of the crosslink lysylpyridinoline (LP) as a function of distance from the articular surface. LP was highest at the surface in mature cartilage (>20 years), whereas in young cartilage (<10 years) the opposite was seen; highest levels were close to the bone. LP levels in cartilage sections at age 14 years are high at the surface and close to the bone, but they are low in the middle region. This indicates that maturation of cartilage in the second decade of life starts in the upper half of the tissue, and occurs last in the tissue close to the bone. The effect of NEG products on instantaneous deformation of cartilage was investigated as a functional of topographical variations in pentosidine levels in vivo and in relation to in vitro induced NEG. Consistently, higher pentosidine levels were associated with a stiffer collagen network. A stiffer and more crosslinked collagen network may become more brittle and more prone to fatigue.
Periareolar mastopexy: Double skin technique with mesh support (2003)

In the author's view, the double-skin technique for reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy, incorporating mesh as support, results in improved anterior projection and reduces scars without increasing morbidity or interfering with mammography. Here, he describes his operative technique. (Aesthetic Surg J 2003;23:129-135.).
Universal photonic quantum computation via time-delayed feedback (2017)

We propose and analyze a deterministic protocol to generate two-dimensional photonic cluster states using a single quantum emitter via time-delayed quantum feedback. As a physical implementation, we consider a single atom or atom-like system coupled to a 1D waveguide with a distant mirror, where guided photons represent the qubits, while the mirror allows the implementation of feedback. We identify the class of many-body quantum states that can be produced using this approach and characterize them in terms of 2D tensor network states.
Monitoring of water level, waves and ice with radar gauges (2002)

Today’s river and coastal monitoring systems have to manage with the cut down of budgets. Therefore there is a need for cheap but reliable instrumentation requiring less maintenance. In the future radar level gauges will provide a good substitute for gauges used in the moment. Besides that radar level also enable a contact-less acquisition of water level and wave data. This information can be used on the one hand side to fill a gap in the hydrometry within the coastal zone and on the other hand side to control ship speed on inland rivers. This paper presents first results of laboratory and field investigations on the applicability of commercially available radar level gauges helping in further improvement of the sensors.
Antipsychotic efficacy: Relationship to optimal D<sub>2</sub>-receptor occupancy (2007)

Clinically important differences exist between antipsychotic agents and formulations in terms of safety and tolerability. Features of the biochemical interaction between the antipsychotic and the D2-receptor may underlie these differences. This article reviews current information on the relationship between antipsychotic receptor occupancy and clinical response. A literature search was performed using the keywords 'antipsychotic or neuroleptic', 'receptor' and 'occupancy' and 'dopamine' and 'D2' supplemented by the authors' knowledge of the literature. Imaging and clinical data have generally supported the hypotheses that optimal D2-receptor occupancy in the striatum lies in a 'therapeutic window' between approximately 65 and approximately 80%, however, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug should also be taken into account to fully evaluate its therapeutic effects. Additional research, perhaps in preclinical models, is needed to establish D2-receptor occupancy in various regions of the brain and the optimal duration of D2-receptor blockade in order to maximise efficacy and tolerability profiles of atypical antipsychotics and thereby improve treatment outcomes for patients with schizophrenia.
Homocysteine and Chronic Pancreatitis (2010)

Braganza, Joan M. DSc, FRCP, FRCPath; Odom, Nicholas MD, FRCS; McCloy, Rory F. MD, FRCS; Ubbink, Johan B. DSc, FRCPath Author Information
Auto and Cross-Bispectral Analysis of a System of Two Coupled Oscillators With Quadratic Nonlinearities Possessing Chaotic Motion (1992)

Auto and cross-bispectral analyses of a two-degree-of-freedom system with quadratic nonlinearities having two-to-one internal (autoparametric) resonance are presented. Following the work of Nayfeh (1987), the method of multiple scales is used to obtain a first-order uniform expansion yielding four first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the modulation of the amplitudes and phases of the two modes. The particular case of parametric resonance of the first mode considered in this paper admits Hopf bifurcations and a pure period doubling route to chaos. Auto bicoherence spectra isolate the phase coupling between increasing numbers of triads of Fourier components for a pure period doubling route to chaos for the individual degrees-of freedom. Cross-bicoherence spectra, on the other hand, yield information about the phase coupling between the two degrees-of-freedom. The results presented here confirm the capacity of bispectral techniques to identify a quadratically nonlinear mechanical system that possesses chaotic motions. For the chaotic case, cross-bicoherence spectra indicate that most of the nonlinear energy transfer between the modes is owing to cross-coupling between phase modulations rather than between amplitude modulations.
Synthesis of bifunctionalized-pore mesoporous organosilica. Study of the accessibility and the distribution of functions in the pore channels (2006)

In this paper, we report the synthesis in one step of ordered (hexagonal phase) mesoporous silicas functionalized with two different organic groups [HS(CH2)3– and acac(CH2)3–] located in the pore channels. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction measurements, transmission electron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption analyses and solid state 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopies. The bifunctionalization of the internal pore’s surface by the organic groups was clearly evidenced by elemental analyses and chemical reactivity. In addition, we have shown that the organic groups were regularly distributed on the pore’s surface.
Thiol-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (2017)

Abstract Gene expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing reveals qualitative and quantitative changes in RNA species at steady-state but obscures the intracellular dynamics of RNA transcription, processing and decay. We developed thiol(SH)-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq), an orthogonal chemistry-based epitranscriptomics-sequencing technology that uncovers 4-thiouridine (s 4 U)-incorporation in RNA species at single-nucleotide resolution. In combination with well-established metabolic RNA labeling protocols and coupled to standard, low-input, high-throughput RNA sequencing methods, SLAM-seq enables rapid access to RNA polymerase II-dependent gene expression dynamics in the context of total RNA. When applied to mouse embryonic stem cells, SLAM-seq provides global and transcript-specific insights into pluripotency-associated gene expression. We validated the method by showing that the RNA-polymerase II-dependent transcriptional output scales with Oct4/Sox2/Nanog-defined enhancer activity; and we provide quantitative and mechanistic evidence for transcript-specific RNA turnover mediated by post-transcriptional gene regulatory pathways initiated by microRNAs and N 6 -methyladenosine. SLAM-seq facilitates the dissection of fundamental mechanisms that control gene expression in an accessible, cost-effective, and scalable manner. One Sentence Summary: Chemical nucleotide-analog derivatization provides global insights into transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation
Nutritional value of high fiber co-products from the copra, palm kernel, and rice industries in diets fed to pigs (2015)

High fiber co-products from the copra and palm kernel industries are by-products of the production of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. The co-products include copra meal, copra expellers, palm kernel meal, and palm kernel expellers. All 4 ingredients are very high in fiber and the energy value is relatively low when fed to pigs. The protein concentration is between 14 and 22 % and the protein has a low biological value and a very high Arg:Lys ratio. Digestibility of most amino acids is less than in soybean meal but close to that in corn. However, the digestibility of Lys is sometimes low due to Maillard reactions that are initiated due to overheating during drying. Copra and palm kernel ingredients contain 0.5 to 0.6 % P. Most of the P in palm kernel meal and palm kernel expellers is bound to phytate, but in copra products less than one third of the P is bound to phytate. The digestibility of P is, therefore, greater in copra meal and copra expellers than in palm kernel ingredients. Inclusion of copra meal should be less than 15 % in diets fed to weanling pigs and less than 25 % in diets for growing-finishing pigs. Palm kernel meal may be included by 15 % in diets for weanling pigs and 25 % in diets for growing and finishing pigs. Rice bran contains the pericarp and aleurone layers of brown rice that is removed before polished rice is produced. Rice bran contains approximately 25 % neutral detergent fiber and 25 to 30 % starch. Rice bran has a greater concentration of P than most other plant ingredients, but 75 to 90 % of the P is bound in phytate. Inclusion of microbial phytase in the diets is, therefore, necessary if rice bran is used. Rice bran may contain 15 to 24 % fat, but it may also have been defatted in which case the fat concentration is less than 5 %. Concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) are slightly less in full fat rice bran than in corn, but defatted rice bran contains less than 75 % of the DE and ME in corn. The concentration of crude protein is 15 to 18 % in rice bran and the protein has a high biological value and most amino acids are well digested by pigs. Inclusion of rice bran in diets fed to pigs has yielded variable results and based on current research it is recommended that inclusion levels are less than 25 to 30 % in diets for growing-finishing pigs, and less than 20 % in diets for weanling pigs. However, there is a need for additional research to determine the inclusion rates that may be used for both full fat and defatted rice bran.
A Predominant Role for Norwalk‐like Viruses as Agents of Epidemic Gastroenteritis in Maryland Nursing Homes for the Elderly (2002)

Stool specimens from 156 Maryland nursing home residents, who became ill during 20 outbreaks of gastroenteritis from November 1987 through February 1988, were analyzed. All tested negative for astroviruses, enteroviruses, Group A rotaviruses, Sapporo-like caliciviruses, and enteric bacteria (i.e., Salmonella, Clostridium, and Shigella species). Eighty-two (52%) were positive for Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs), members of the family Caliciviridae. Six distinct genetic clusters within genogroups I and II of the NLVs were detected; a genogroup II (GII) virus closely related to the Camberwell virus in the NLV GII/4 genetic cluster was the predominant strain. Serologic evidence of infection with > or = 1 NLV was detected in 61 (56%) of 109 patients tested against 3 NLV antigens (i.e., Norwalk, Hawaii, and Toronto viruses). Sixteen (80%) outbreaks met the definition for an NLV outbreak. Taken together with a retrospective analysis of bacterial gastroenteritis in this same setting, these data support a major role for NLVs as etiologic agents of gastroenteritis in elderly persons.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Pseudomonas Pseudomallei and Their Potential for Diagnosis of Melioidosis (1995)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for Pseudomonas pseudomallei antigens were produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with a crude whole cell extract. Hybrids secreting MAbs specific for P. pseudomallei antigens were identified by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against a panel of crude whole cell extracts from P. pseudomallei, P. cepacia, P. aeruginosa, P. putida, P. alcaligenes, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhi, S. krefeld, S. enteritidis, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Of the six specific clones, clone 5F8, which was IgM-producing and which reacted with all 56 P. pseudomallei isolates, was selected for further characterization and evaluation of its possible diagnostic potential. Results obtained from the indirect ELISA against various P. pseudomallei antigens, from direct bacterial agglutination, and from immunofluorescence tests suggested that 5F8 reacted with the surface envelope, and probably specifically with an epitope of the lipopolysaccharide. The antibody could be readily used to identify P. pseudomallei in primary culture or in a simulated hemoculture. The antibody was also used to prepare an affinity-purified antigen for use in an indirect ELISA that was highly sensitive and specific for the detection of circulating antibody in patients with acute septicemic melioidosis.
Performance analysis of a COFDM/FM in-band digital audio broadcasting system (1997)

In this paper, we present a performance analysis of a coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing DAB system that is power multiplexed over a commercial FM station. We model the mobile channel with a time-frequency scattering function. Results show that the performance of the FM demodulator is crucial, since the level of the residual FM signal has a strong influence on the BER performance of the COFDM system. As with other mobile communication systems, the use of interleaving greatly enhances the performances.
Spatial presaturation: a method for suppressing flow artifacts and improving depiction of vascular anatomy in MR imaging. (1987)

In clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the diagnostic quality of examinations is often degraded by streaklike flow artifacts that obscure anatomic details and reduce contrast. In addition, vascular structures are often not depicted clearly because the desired flow voids are obliterated by spurious intraluminal signals. On the basis of analysis of the physical mechanism of flow artifact formation, the authors developed a new technique for suppressing these artifacts. This applies interleaved, spectrally shaped radio frequency pulses to selectively saturate spins located in regions outside the image volume. In phantom, volunteer, and clinical imaging studies, the technique has proved to be effective by yielding a striking reduction in flow artifacts and markedly improving the reliability with which arterial and venous structures are imaged. The method has few drawbacks: It is applicable to most MR pulse sequences and, in principle, can be implemented on most imagers. It is particularly helpful for high-resolution surface coil studies of the neck, mediastinal imaging, gated cardiac imaging, and for detecting thrombus and other intravascular lesions such as dissections.