gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radioassay by Gas Chromatography of Tritium- and Carbon-14-Labeled Compounds (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadioassay by Gas Chromatography of Tritium- and Carbon-14-Labeled CompoundsRichard. Wolfgang and F. S. RowlandCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 5, 903–906Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60137a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60137a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FIBER COMPOSITE PLATES CAN STRENGTHEN BEAMS (1990)

It is described how epoxy-bonded glass fiber-reinforced plastic plates can provide a corrosion-free solution to increasing the load-carrying capacities of concrete bridges. The addition of epoxy-bonded steel plates to the tension face of concrete girders has been used effectively in Europe and elsewhere to repair and strengthen reinforced concrete elements with insufficient load carrying capacity due to mechanical damages, functional changes, or corrosion. The advantages of the method include ease of application and elimination of the special anchorages needed in the post-tensioning method; a shortcoming is the danger of corrosion at the epoxy-steel interface which adversely affects the bond strength. This problem may be eliminated by replacing steel plates with corrosion-resistant synthetic materials such as fiber composites. Studies in this field are described. Other applications of epoxy bonded steel plates to concrete girders are described. A program to test the static strength of concrete beams strengthened with epoxy bonded glass fiber reinforced plastic plates is also described.
Localized accumulation of oxidative stress causes muscle atrophy through activation of an autophagic pathway (2009)

A crucial system severely affected in different chronic diseases is the antioxidative defense, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The discovery that deletion in the antioxidant genes shortens significantly the mouse life span, and that mutation in the major antioxidant enzyme SOD1 is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, has placed oxidative stress as a central mechanism in the pathogenesis of many pathological conditions. However, how such an oxidative insult plays a role in the disease-related decrease of muscle performance and mass remains largely unknown. We recently demonstrated that autophagy plays a dominant role in the promotion of muscle atrophy associated with local alteration in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD1. In particular, transcription of autophagy-related genes, such as those encoding LC3, Cathepsin-L and Bnip3, is activated in response to localized accumulation of oxidative stress and is mediated by FoxO3. In addition, our study documents how the T-tubule might be the potential donor of membrane that forms sequestering autophagic vesicles. Here we discuss the sequence of events leading to muscle atrophy.
<title>Design and performance of a digital video quality metric</title> (1999)

The growth of digital video has given rise to a need for computational methods for evaluating the visual quality of digital video. We have developed a new digital video quality metric, which we call DVQ. Here we provide a brief description of the metric, and give a preliminary report on its performance. DVQ accepts a pair of digital video sequences, and computes a measure of the magnitude of the visible difference between them. The metric is based on the Discrete Cosine Transform. It incorporates aspects of early visual processing, including light adaptation, luminance and chromatic channels, spatial and temporal filtering, spatial frequency channels, contrast masking, and probability summation. It also includes primitive dynamics of light adaptation and contrast masking. We have applied the metric to digital video sequences corrupted by various typical compression artifacts, and compared the results to quality ratings made by human observers.
Conversion of orange peel to L-galactonic acid in a consolidated process using engineered strains of Aspergillus niger (2014)

Citrus processing waste is a leftover from the citrus processing industry and is available in large amounts. Typically, this waste is dried to produce animal feed, but sometimes it is just dumped. Its main component is the peel, which consists mostly of pectin, with D-galacturonic acid as the main monomer. Aspergillus niger is a filamentous fungus that efficiently produces pectinases for the hydrolysis of pectin and uses the resulting D-galacturonic acid and most of the other components of citrus peel for growth. We used engineered A. niger strains that were not able to catabolise D-galacturonic acid, but instead converted it to L-galactonic acid. These strains also produced pectinases for the hydrolysis of pectin and were used for the conversion of pectin in orange peel to L-galactonic acid in a consolidated process. The D-galacturonic acid in the orange peel was converted to L-galactonic acid with a yield close to 90%. Submerged and solid-state fermentation processes were compared.
Characterization of membrane lectins in human colon carcinoma cells by flow cytofluorometry, drug targeting and affinity chromatography. (1987)

Flow cytofluorometry and drug targeting with labelled neoglycoproteins are used as tools to probe for membrane lectins in two human adenocarcinoma cell lines. Both cell lines express activities for galactosides, glucosides and fucosides. Affinity chromatography on gels with immobilized sugar leads to purification of an alpha-galactoside-binding protein at an apparent molecular weight of 64 kDa that also binds to lactose, maltose and fucose and exhibits Ca2+-requirement for binding, a beta-galactoside-binding protein without Ca2+-requirement at an apparent molecular weight of 14 kDa, and an alpha-glucosyl-binding protein without Ca2+-requirement at an apparent molecular weight of 34 kDa from both cell lines. The description of membrane lectins, documented here for the first human tumor cell lines, is an initial step towards a lectin-based improvement of the clinical management of human colon adenocarcinoma.
Superconducting Magnet Power Supply and Hard-Wired Quench Protection at Jefferson Lab for 12 GeV Upgrade (2017)

The superconducting magnet system in Hall B being designed and built as part of the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade requires powering two conduction cooled superconducting magnets-a torus and a solenoid. The torus magnet is designed to operate at 3770 A and the solenoid at 2416 A. Failure modes and effects analysis determined that voltage level thresholds and dump switch operation for magnet protection should be tested and analyzed before incorporating into the system. The designs of the quench protection and voltage tap subsystems were driven by the requirement to use a primary hard-wired quench detection subsystem together with a secondary programmable logic controller (PLC)-based protection. Parallel path voltage taps feed both the primary and the secondary quench protection subsystems. The PLC-based secondary protection is deployed as a backup for the hard-wired quench detection subsystem and also acts directly on the dump switch. We describe a series of tests and modifications carried out on the magnet power supply and the quench protection system to ensure that the superconducting magnet is protected against all fault scenarios.
Polymerase Chain Reaction on a Viral Nanoparticle (2015)

The field of synthetic biology includes studies that aim to develop new materials and devices from biomolecules. In recent years, much work has been carried out using a range of biomolecular chassis including α-helical coiled coils, β-sheet amyloids and even viral particles. In this work, we show how hybrid bionanoparticles can be produced from a viral M13 bacteriophage scaffold through conjugation with DNA primers that can template a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This unprecedented example of a PCR on a virus particle has been studied by flow aligned linear dichroism spectroscopy, which gives information on the structure of the product as well as a new protototype methodology for DNA detection. We propose that this demonstration of PCR on the surface of a bionanoparticle is a useful addition to ways in which hybrid assemblies may be constructed using synthetic biology.
Polymer-Supported Catalytic Asymmetric Sharpless Dihydroxylations of Olefins (1998)

The need for catalyst systems for the asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins (AD) that combine the positive characteristics of the original homogeneous osmium catalysts with the ease of separation of heterogeneous catalysts led to the introduction of polymer-supported alkaloid ligands. Two major strategies for ligand recovery will be discussed here: (a) Attachment of the alkaloids to a solid support, such as an organic polymer or silica gel. After catalysis the ligands can easily be recycled by simple filtration. (b) The alkaloids are anchored to a polymeric unit which allows catalysis to be performed under homogeneous conditions. After the reaction is complete, the ligand is isolated by precipitation upon addition of solvent followed by filtration. Recent results of investigations of both strategies will be presented.
IntellWheels: Modular development platform for intelligent wheelchairs (2011)

Intelligent wheelchairs (IWs) can become an important solution to the challenge of assisting individuals who have disabilities and are thus unable to perform their daily activities using classic powered wheelchairs. This article describes the concept and design of IntellWheels, a modular platform to facilitate the development of IWs through a multiagent system paradigm. In fact, modularity is achieved not only in the software perspective, but also through a generic hardware framework that was designed to fit, in a straightforward manner, almost any commercial powered wheelchair. Experimental results demonstrate the successful integration of all modules in the platform, providing safe motion to the IW. Furthermore, the results achieved with a prototype running in autonomous mode in simulated and mixed-reality environments also demonstrate the potential of our approach. Although some future research is still necessary to fully accomplish our objectives, preliminary tests have shown that IntellWheels will effectively reduce users' limitations, offering them a much more independent life.
Fluoroscopic study of tumor motion due to breathing: Facilitating precise radiation therapy for lung cancer patients (2001)

Target motion due to breathing is one of the major obstacles in dose escalation of radiation therapy to some tumors in the thoracoabdominal region. The development of beam gating or target motion tracking techniques provides a possibility to reduce normal tissue volume in a treatment field. Tumor motion monitoring in those techniques plays a crucial role, but has not yet been adequately explored. This paper reports our preliminary investigation on breath introduced tumor motion. Tumor locations and motion properties were determined from digitized fluoroscopic videos acquired during patient simulation. Image distortion due to irregularities in the imaging chain, such as the pincushion distortion, was corrected with a polynomial unwarping method. Temporal Fourier transformation of the fluoroscopic video was introduced to convert the motion information over time to a static view of a motion field, in which regions with different motion ranges can be directly measured. Patient breathing patterns vary from patient to patient and so does the kinematic behavior of individual tumors. In order to evaluate the feasibility for tracking internal target motion with nonionizing-radiation techniques, motion patterns between internal targets and external radio opaque markers placed on patient's chest during fluoroscopic video acquisition were compared. For some patients, significant motion phase discrepancies between an internal target and an external marker have been observed. Quantitative measurements are reported. These results will be useful in the design of a motion tracking or gated radiotherapy system.
Using replication and partitioning to build secure distributed systems (2004)

A challenging unsolved security problem is how to specify and enforce system-wide security policies; this problem is even more acute in distributed systems with mutual distrust. This paper describes a way to enforce policies for data confidentiality and integrity in such an environment. Programs annotated with security specifications are statically checked and then transformed by the compiler to run securely on a distributed system with untrusted hosts. The code and data of the computation are partitioned across the available hosts in accordance with the security specification. The key contribution is automatic replication of code and data to increase assurance of integrity, without harming confidentiality, and without placing undue trust in any host. The compiler automatically generates secure run-time protocols for communication among the replicated code partitions. Results are given from a prototype implementation applied to various distributed programs.
Wellbore Enlargement for a Deepwater Casing Program: Case Study and Developments (2004)

Abstract The success of deepwater exploration and development operations is greatly dependent on utilizing larger OD casing to reach the ever-increasing depths of today's prospects. Recently in the Mississippi Canyon region of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico's deepwater arena, a leading exploration company utilized new hole enlargement technology to simultaneously drill and enlarge a wellbore to facilitate the installation of a multiple string casing program. A case study is detailed to illustrate how proper planning and the utilization of new hole enlargement technology matched with a rotary steerable system, culminated in the successful execution of this critical well construction operation. As part of the planning process, hydraulics analyses and BHA stabilization optimizations using special computer software are discussed. The application of a new design concentric reamer in a deepwater tight clearance casing program that enlarged more than 18,000 ft of four different-sized wellbore intervals will be presented.
Regional vascular mechanical properties by 3-D intravascular ultrasound with finite-element analysis (1997)

A method employing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and simultaneous hemodynamic measurements, with resultant finite element analysis (FEA) of accurate three-dimensional IVUS reconstructions (3-DR), was developed to estimate the regional distribution of arterial elasticity. Human peripheral arterial specimens (iliac and femoral, n = 7) were collected postmortem and perfused at three static transmural pressures: 80, 120, and 160 mmHg. At each pressure, IVUS data were collected at 2.0-mm increments through a 20.0-mm segment and used to create an accurate 3-DR. Mechanical properties were determined over normotensive and hypertensive ranges. An FEA and optimization procedure was implemented in which the elemental elastic modulus was scaled to minimize the displacement error between the computer-predicted and actual deformations. The "optimized" elastic modulus (Eopt) represents an estimate of the component element material stiffness. A dimensionless variable (beta), quantifying structural stiffness, was computed. Eopt of nodiseased tissue regions (n = 80) was greater than atherosclerotic regions (n = 88) for both normotensive (Norm) and hypertensive (Hyp) pressurization: Norm, 9.3 +/- 0.98 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.30; Hyp, 11.3 +/- 0.72 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.47, respectively (mean +/- SE x 10(6) dyn/cm2; P < 0.01 vs. nondiseased). No differences in beta between nondiseased and atherosclerotic tissue were noted at Norm pressurization. With Hyp pressurization, beta of atherosclerotic regions were greater than nondiseased regions: 21.5 +/- 2.21 vs. 14.0 +/- 2.11, respectively (P < 0.03). This method provides a means to identify regional in vivo variations in mechanical properties of arterial tissue.
Creation and Propagation of the WMO Mole Fraction Scale for Carbon Dioxide in Air (2009)

The maintenance of epithelial barrier function involves cellular tension, with cells pulling on their neighbors to maintain epithelial integrity. Wounding interrupts cellular tension, which may serve as an early signal to initiate epithelial repair. To characterize how wounds alter cellular tension, we used a laser-recoil assay to map cortical tension around wounds in the epithelial monolayer of the <i>Drosophila</i> pupal notum. Within a minute of wounding, there was widespread loss of cortical tension along both radial and tangential directions. This tension loss was similar to levels observed with Rok inactivation. Tension was subsequently restored around the wound, first in distal cells and then in proximal cells, reaching the wound margin about 10 minutes after wounding. Restoring tension required the GPCR Mthl10 and the IP3 receptor, indicating the importance of this calcium signaling pathway known to be activated by cellular damage. Tension restoration correlated with an inward-moving contractile wave that has been previously reported; however, the contractile wave itself was not affected by Mthl10 knockdown. These results indicate that cells may transiently increase tension and contract in the absence of Mthl10 signaling, but that pathway is critical for fully resetting baseline epithelial tension after it is disrupted by wounding.
Overlay leaves litho: impact of non-litho processes on overlay and compensation (2014)

According to the ITRS roadmap [1], the overlay requirement for the 28nm node is 8nm. If we compare this number with the performance given by tool vendors for their most advanced immersion systems (which is < 3nm), there seems to remain a large margin. Does that mean that today's leading edge Fab has an easy life? Unfortunately not, as other contributors affecting overlay are emerging. Mask contributions and so-called non-linear wafer distortions are known effects that can impact overlay quite significantly. Furthermore, it is often forgotten that downstream (post-litho) processes can impact the overlay as well. Thus, it can be required to compensate for the effects of subsequent processes already at the lithography operation. Within our paper, we will briefly touch on the wafer distortion topic and discuss the limitations of lithography compensation techniques such as higher order corrections versus solving the root cause of the distortions. The primary focus will be on the impact of the etch processes on the pattern placement error. We will show how individual layers can get affected differently by showing typical wafer signatures. However, in contrast to the above-mentioned wafer distortion topic, lithographic compensation techniques can be highly effective to reduce the placement error significantly towards acceptable levels (see Figure 1). Finally we will discuss the overall overlay budget for a 28nm contact to gate case by taking the impact of the individual process contributors into account.
Adaptive Filters (2008)

Adaptive Filters Adaptive filtering is a topic of immense practical and theoretical value, having applications in areas ranging from digital and wireless communications to biomedical systems. Now, preserving the style and main features of the earlier award-winning publication, Fundamentals of Adaptive Filtering (2005 Terman Award), the author offers readers and instructors a concentrated, systematic, and up-to-date treatment of the subject in this valuable new book. Adaptive Filters allows readers to gain a gradual and solid introduction to the subject, its applications to a variety of topical problems, existing limitations, and extensions of current theories. The book consists of eleven partseach part containing a series of focused lectures and ending with bibliographic comments, problems, and computer projects with MATLAB solutions available to all readers. Additional features include: Numerous tables, figures, and projects Special focus on geometric constructions, physical intuition, linear-algebraic concepts, and vector notation Background material on random variables, linear algebra, and complex gradients collected in three introductory chapters Complete solutions manual available for instructors MATLAB solutions available for all computer projects Adaptive Filters offers a fresh, focused look at the subject in a manner that will entice students, challenge experts, and appeal to practitioners and instructors.
Altered metabolic properties of cultured skin fibroblasts in Alzheimer's disease (1987)

Alzheimer's disease is associated with selective neuronal loss, the cause of which is undetermined. Evidence indicating a predisposing genetic factor associated with this disease suggests that important alterations may be expressed in tissues other than the brain. Because abnormal glucose and energy-related metabolism have been identified in both in vivo and in vitro studies of brain, we conducted a study to examine related measures in cultured skin fibroblasts from six patients with Alzheimer's disease and seven age-matched controls. After 60 minutes' incubation, the production of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose and lactate production were significantly higher in the cells from the group of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The increase of 14CO2 production, but not the production of lactate, was most evident after a more rapid period of metabolic activity in the first 10 minutes of incubation. By contrast, 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glutamine, which is probably the major substrate of oxidative metabolism in these cells, was significantly reduced in the Alzheimer's disease cells following longer (120-minute) incubations. Oxygen uptake by cell suspensions was also significantly reduced in the group with Alzheimer's disease. These results indicate that complex metabolic differences are expressed in nonneural tissues from some patients with Alzheimer's disease and may provide important clues to the pathogenesis of this disorder.
An Improved Manufacturing Process for the Antimalaria Drug Coartem. Part I (2007)

Artemisinin and its derivatives, such as artemether, are highly sensitive compounds, which require careful optimized production processes for their manufacture. Due to robustness issues, the manufacturing procedure of the reduction of artemisinin with potassium borohydride to dihydroartemisinin was reinvestigated. The most important factor for obtaining optimal yields is to ensure low levels of contamination of potassium hydroxide in potassium borohydride. Application of a lower reaction temperature, fast addition rate of potassium borohydride, and careful control of the pH during the quench with acid are further important parameters in guaranteeing a robust process. In the redesign of the conversion of dihydroartemisinin to artemether, the yield was increased, and dichloromethane was replaced by the ecologically friendlier methyl acetate. A robust manufacturing process for artemether is now at hand, allowing the production of this important medicine reliably and in good quality and yield.