gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription des précautions d’emploi en pictogrammes :analyse de la perception par les patients (2000)

En France, la transcription graphique sous forme de pictogrammes d’elements relatifs a l’information sur le medicament est peu developpee. Dans le cadre du bon usage du medicament, il nous a semble interessant d’evaluer l’apport de l’image dans l’information du patient. Nous presentons une enquete prospective, menee aupres de 100 sujets a qui nous avons demande de proposer une signification pour 17 pictogrammes representant des precautions d’emploi courantes, et qui avait pour objectifs : – de proposer une methode d’analyse des reponses recueillies,– de determiner si la communication par l’image se suffit a elle-meme ou bien si elle ne peut etre consideree que comme un outil complementaire de l’information ecrite.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Cells and Tissues: Shining Light onto a Novel Subject (1999)

T his focal point article aims to introduce the readers to a new spectroscopic endeavor, infrared spectroscopy of entire cells and tissues, and to present an overview of the results from, and the potential of, this research. The ® eld has seen quite a bit of activity, as judged by the number of papers published and patents ® led. But unfortunately, the level of activity in a ® eld is no measure of the quality of the work published: the earlier reports of ``detecting cancer’ ’ by comparing infrared spectra of healthy and diseased samples were sometimes based on rather naive interpretations of the observations and bypassed all ground
Metabolic adaptation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to the gut environment (2012)

Knowledge on the proteome level about the adaptation of pathogenic mycobacteria to the environment in their natural hosts is limited. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease, a chronic and incurable granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, and has been suggested to be a putative aetiological agent of Crohn's disease in humans. Using a comprehensive LC-MS-MS and 2D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) approach, we compared the protein profiles of clinical strains of MAP prepared from the gastrointestinal tract of diseased cows with the protein profiles of the same strains after they were grown in vitro. LC-MS-MS analyses revealed that the principal enzymes for the central carbon metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricaboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway, were present under both conditions. Moreover, a broad spectrum of enzymes for β-oxidation of lipids, nine of which have been shown to be necessary for mycobacterial growth on cholesterol, were detected in vivo and in vitro. Using 2D-DIGE we found increased levels of several key enzymes that indicated adaptation of MAP to the host. Among these, FadE5, FadE25 and AdhB indicated that cholesterol is used as a carbon source in the bovine intestinal mucosa; the respiratory enzymes AtpA, NuoG and SdhA suggested increased respiration during infection. Furthermore higher levels of the pentose phosphate pathway enzymes Gnd2, Zwf and Tal as well as of KatG, SodA and GroEL indicated a vigorous stress response of MAP in vivo. In conclusion, our results provide novel insights into the metabolic adaptation of a pathogenic mycobacterium in its natural host.
Analysis of capacity and probability of outage for free-space optical channels with fading due to pointing and tracking error (2006)

Free-space laser communications systems experience fading due to quasi-static pointing error and tracking error that impairs communications performance. Under a block fading model we show that using forward error correcting codes and interleaving - a simple non-mechanical data processing technique - much of the harmful effect of tracking error on communications performance can be removed. Using the concepts of fading capacity and outage capacity, we provide analytical tools that quantify the effects of fading on communications performance with and without interleaving. A link budget based on this analysis includes three loss terms due to pointing and tracking error: 1) static loss, which is primarily a function of pointing error; 2) capacity loss, which is the power difference between fading capacity and fade-free capacity; and 3) finite interleaver loss, which is the power difference between the probability of outage curve and fading capacity. Assuming pulse-position modulation and a Poisson channel, we derive closed-form solutions for the probability of outage of interleaved systems using a Gaussian beam with circularly symmetric Gaussian tracking error.
Inheritance of selected pathotoxin resistance in maize plants regenerated from cell cultures (1977)

Texas male-sterile cytoplasm (cms-T) maize is susceptible to Helminthosporium maydis race T and its pathotoxin, whereas nonsterile cytoplasm maize is resistant. Callus cultures initiated from immature embryos of a cms-T genotype, BC(1)A188(T), were susceptible to the toxin and were capable of plant regeneration. Toxin-resistant cell lines were selected by a sublethal enrichment procedure in which cms-T callus was grown for several selection cycles (subculture transfers) in the presence of progressively higher concentrations of toxin. Periodically during the selection process, plants were regenerated from the cms-T cultures to determine their susceptibility or resistance to the toxin. Plants regenerated after four cycles of selection were male-sterile and toxin-susceptible as shown by leaf bioassays. All plants regenerated from cell lines isolated from the fifth selection cycle onward, however, were toxin-resistant and 52 of 65 were fully male-fertile. The remaining 13 "male-sterile" resistant plants did not shed pollen and did not resemble cms-T plants in tassel morphology. Some "male-sterile" plants produced anthers containing a small amount of starch-filled pollen, suggesting that the sterility of these 13 plants was not the result of the cms-T trait. Leaf bioassays on F(1) progeny from regenerated resistant plants indicated that resistance to the toxin was inherited only through the female. The male-fertility trait also was inherited only through the female. After inoculation with H. maydis race T spores, leaf lesion size for progeny from regenerated resistant plants coincided with their reaction to the toxin. This result indicated that plant resistance to the pathogen was closely correlated with the toxin resistance obtained through cell culture selection.
Inverter harmonic reduction using Walsh function harmonic elimination method (1997)

A pulse-width-modulated (PWM) inverter using the Walsh function harmonic elimination method is proposed in this paper. By using the Walsh domain waveform analytic technique, the harmonic amplitudes of the inverter output voltage can be expressed as functions of switching angles. Thus, the switching angles are optimized by solving linear algebraic equations instead of solving nonlinear transcendental equations. The local piecewise linear relations between the switching angles and the fundamental amplitude can be obtained under an appropriate initial condition. By searching all feasible initial conditions, the global solutions are obtained. The relations between switching angles and fundamental amplitude can be approximated by straight-line curve fitting. Thus, on-line control of fundamental amplitude and frequency is possible for the microcomputer-based implementation. The developed algorithm can be applied to both bipolar and unipolar switching schemes. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by computer simulations and DSP-based hardware implementation.
Gas Sampling Glow Discharge:  A Versatile Ionization Source for Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2000)

A gas chromatograph has been coupled to a direct-current gas sampling glow discharge (GSGD) ionization source for the mass spectrometric analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons. The continuous discharge is contained within the first vacuum stage of the differentially pumped spectrometer interface. The discharge can be operated statically or rapidly switched between atomic and molecular ionization modes; both atomic and molecular spectra could be generated in the helium-supported plasma. In the switched configuration, the duty cycle is 50% for each mode. The ionization mode is selected by application of either a positive (molecular) or negative (atomic) potential to the sample introduction electrode, and the two kinds of spectra can be sequentially collected by changing the voltage and current between two preset values. Similar ion-optical voltage settings could be employed for both modes of operation, with the exception of the steering-plate potential, which had to be modulated between two different values (at the plasma switching frequency) to obtain the greatest atomic and molecular signal levels. The source is capable of generating mass spectra resembling those from an electron-impact source while operated in the molecular ionization mode (both static and dynamic). The best atomic detection limits (1-25 fg of analyte/ second) were obtained when the plasma was operated in the static mode with single-channel gated ion counting. Atomic detection limits obtained with boxcar averager data collection were comparable for static and switched operation of the source (1-30 pg/s). Likewise, the molecular detection limits were similar for the static and switched modes and span the range of 7-140 pg/s (boxcar averagers). Precision was better than 7% RSD under all conditions. The atomic and molecular chromatographic peak heights were nearly unchanged over a range of modulation rates from 5 to 100 Hz. The elemental ratio (35Cl+/12C+) for chloroform was also measured over a range of plasma modulation rates (5-90 Hz) and found to be randomly distributed about the sample mean. Several chlorinated hydrocarbons were introduced into the discharge and could be successfully differentiated (or speciated) on the basis of their 35Cl+/12C+ ratios.
A New Method of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (1991)

Nagai, H.; Inaba, T.; Kamiya, S.; Goto, S.; Yakura, M.; Fukuda, A.; Kamitsukasa, Y.; Harada, H.; Ohbayashi, A. Author Information
Clinical aspects of dopamine agonists and antagonists. (1978)

Dopamine and its specific receptors are widely distributed in man. Body regions where dopaminergic activity is of special pharmacologic interest include the basal ganglions, hypothalamus, chemoreceptor trigger zone, other less well defined areas in the central nervous system, and the renal and cardiovascular systems. The search for dopaminergic agents to modify these systems in disease states has depended heavily on in vitro and in vivo bioassays. These assays involving receptor binding, enzyme activation, smooth muscle and neuronal excitation, and modification of animal behavior have provided physicians with important therapeutic tools. Indeed, the introduction of levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and of the phenothiazines and related drugs for schizophrenia and psychosis has been a hallmark of neuropharmacologic research. However, the maximal benefits that these drugs may afford have not yet been realized due to an inadequate understanding of disease processes and a relative lack of specificity of drug action.
FACTORS PREDICTING RECOVERY OF ERECTIONS AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (2000)

Knowledge of preoperative erectile function and patient age before the operation and the degree of neurovascular bundle preservation afterward may aid in patient counseling regarding potency recovery after radical prostatectomy.
Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoretic Analyses of Kentucky Bluegrass and Rye Grass Pollen Allergens (1990)

Allergenic extracts of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and rye grass (Lolium perenne) pollen were shown by 2-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis to consist of several hundred protein components. The pollen extracts of the two related grasses had unique 2-D gel patterns. Two major grass pollen allergens, Poa p I and Lol p I, and their isoforms (i.e. isoallergens) were detected and localized on 2-D gels by immunoblotting with anti-Poa p I antibody mAb 60. Poa p I isoallergens were less acidic than Lol p I isoallergens. The relative proportion of four Poa p I isoallergens was (in decreasing pI): A, 13%; B, 37%; and D, 15%. The amino terminal amino acid sequences of the two major isoallergens of Poa p I were identical. However, the amino acid composition of these isoallergens showed enough differences to account for their charge differences. The amino terminal amino acid sequence of two major Poa p I isoallergens had a 70% homology in 20 amino acid overlap with the previously published amino terminal amino acid sequence of rye grass pollen allergen R-7.
Estoppel against Jurisdictional Attack on Decrees of Divorce (1960)

In re Shank's Estate, 154 Cal.App.2d 808, 316 P.2d 710 (
The Role of Starch in Biodegradable Thermoplastic Materials (1990)

Abstract The increasing garbage mountain is more and more recognized as an ecological threat. Space for landfills is limited and additional incineration capacities require high capital investments and pose additional envrironmental problems. In the FRG from total annual 14 million t of household waste, 700,000 t are non‐degradable plastic materials (polyolefines, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride), especially for packaging. Different strategies are being followed to reduce the 5% plastics in household waste: prevention, recycling, chemical valorization, thermic utilization (incineration) and use of degradable polymers. The latter are reviewed in detail: chemical modification of classical polymers into photo‐ and chemo‐degradable materials, physical mixing of 6–20% granular starch with polyethylene or polypropylene, coprocessing of more than 50% disintegrated starch with hydrophilic polymers like polyacrylate or polyvinylalcohol to biodegradable films for agricultural mulch or carrying bags, thermoplastic extruded starch with plasticiser containing more than 90% starch for blister packaging and disposables for fast food and finally biodegradable polyesters like poly‐hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and polylactic acid, produced by fermentation processes.
Breaking the Code of Change (2000)

Preface and Acknowledgements Introduction Resolving the Tension between Theory E and O of Change By Michael Beer and Nitin Nohria Section I: Purpose of Change: Economic Value or Organizational Capability Chapter 1 Value Maximization and the Corporate Objective Function By Michael Jensen Chapter 2 The Puzzles and Paradoxes of How Living Companies Create Wealth: Why Single-Valued Objective Functions Are Not Quite Enough By Peter M. Senge Chapter 3 Purpose of Change A Commentary on Jensen and Senge By Joseph Bower Section II: Leadership of Change: Directed From the Top or High Involvement & Participative Chapter 4 Effective Change Begins At the Top By Jay A. Conger Chapter 5 The Leadership of Change By Warren Bennis Chapter 6 Embracing Paradox: Top-Down vs. Participative Management of Organizational Change A Commentary on Conger and Bennis By Dexter Dunphy Section III: Focus of Change: Formal Structure and Systems or Culture Chapter 7 The Role of Formal Structures and Processes By Jay R. Galbraith Chapter 8 Changing Structure Is Not Enough: The Moral Meaning of Organizational Design By Larry Hirschhorn Chapter 9 Initiating Change: The Anatomy of Structure as a Starting Point A Commentary on Galbraith and Hirshhorn By Allan R. Cohen Section IV: Planning of Change: Planned or Emergent Chapter 10 Rebuilding Behavioral Context: A Blueprint for Corporate Renewal By Sumantra Ghoshal and Christopher A. Bartlett Chapter 11 Emergent Change as a Universal in Organizations By Karl E. Weick Chapter 12 Linking Change Processes to Outcomes A Commentary on Ghoshal & Bartlett and Weick By Andrew Pettigrew Section V: Motivation for Change: Financial Incentives Lead or Lag and Support Chapter 13 Compensation Systems and Organizational Change: Ideas and Evidence from Theory and Practice By Karen Wruck Chapter 14 Compensation: A Troublesome Lead System in Organizational Change By Gerald E. Ledford and Robert L. Heneman Chapter 15 Pay System Change: Lag, Lead, or Both? A Commentary on Wruck and Ledford By Edward E. Lawler, III Section VI: Consultants' Role in Change: Large Knowledge Driven or Small Process Driven Chapter 16 Human Performance That Increases Business Performance: The Growth of Change Management and Its Role in Creating New Forms of Business Value By Terry Neill Chapter 17 Assuring That Consulting Produces Benefits: Rapid Cycle Successes vs. The Titanics By Robert H. Schaffer Chapter 18 Scope and Involvement in Accelerated Organization Transformation A Commentary on Neill and Schaffer By Robert H. Miles Section VII: Research on Change: Normal Science or Action Science Chapter 19 Professional Science for A Professional School: Action Science vs. Normal Science By Andrew H. Van de Ven Chapter 20 The Relevance of Actionable Knowledge for Breaking the Code By Chris Argyris Chapter 21 Research That Will Break the Code of Change The Role of Useful Normal Science and Usable Action Science By Michael Beer Ending and Beginning Chapter 22 Breaking the Code of Change: Observations and Critique By Roger Martin Epilogue By Michael Beer and Nitin Nohria Index About the Contributors
A Pyrophosphate‐Responsive Gadolinium(III) MRI Contrast Agent (2010)

This study shows that the relaxivity and optical properties of functionalised lanthanide-DTPA-bis-amide complexes (lanthanide=Gd(3+) and Eu(3+) , DTPA=diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) can be successfully modulated by addition of specific anions, without direct Ln(3+) /anion coordination. Zinc(II)-dipicolylamine moieties, which are known to bind strongly to phosphates, were introduced in the amide "arms" of these ligands, and the interaction of the resulting Gd-Zn(2) complexes with a range of anions was screened by using indicator displacement assays (IDAs). Considerable selectivity for polyphosphorylated species (such as pyrophosphate and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)) over a range of other anions (including monophosphorylated anions) was apparent. In addition, we show that pyrophosphate modulates the relaxivity of the gadolinium(III) complex, this modulation being sufficiently large to be observed in imaging experiments. To establish the binding mode of the pyrophosphate and gain insight into the origin of the relaxometric modulation, a series of studies including UV/Vis and emission spectroscopy, luminescence lifetime measurements in H(2) O and D(2) O, (17) O and (31) P NMR spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion (NMRD) studies were carried out.
Characterisation of the <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> nitrogen‐fixation regulatory proteins NIFA and NIFL <i>in vitro</i> (1990)

Transcriptional activation by the Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogen-fixation-specific positive control protein, NIFA, (nifA gene product) has been demonstrated in vitro in S30 extracts from cells which overproduce this protein. The activity of NIFA was dramatically reduced in vitro in the presence of the negative regulatory protein NIFL (nifL gene product) but was not inhibited by the presence of a mutant NIFL protein, NIFL2404. Transcriptional activation from the nifH promoter by NIFA was dependent on the alternative sigma factor, sigma 54, and also required the presence of an upstream activator sequence. NIFA activity was temperature-sensitive in vitro (as it is in vivo) which is due, at least in part, to the intrinsic lability of the protein itself. The majority of overproduced NIFA and NIFL was insoluble after low-speed centrifugation and was inactive in vitro. A low level of less aggregated NIFA protein present in cell extracts was responsible for in vitro activity and this fraction was partially purified.
Novel CMOS current Schmitt trigger (1988)

A novel CMOS current Schmitt trigger based on current mirrors is presented, using only seven MOS transistors. The significant feature of the circuit is that one threshold current is controlled by a bias current and the other by an MOS transistor dimension, depending on the circuit implementation. A design example and the simulation results are given.
Cascade Connection of 90-Degree Phase-Shift Networks (1952)

A method of connecting 90-degree audio phase-difference networks for use in selective-sideband transmission and reception is shown, whereby an over-all performance is obtained which is analogous to the cascade operation of conventional filters. Three networks are required to obtain twice the rejection in decibels of one. For best results two of the networks must be accurately matched. The cascade connection may either be used with three identical networks to deepen the rejection obtainable with one network over the design range, or it may be used with two similar and one dissimilar network to extend the frequency range over which a given rejection may be obtained.
Aqueous Behaviour of Chitosan (2010)

Chitosan, a versatile biopolymer, finds numerous applications in textile processing unit operations such as preparation, dyeing, printing, and finishing. However, the accessibility of this biopolymer by the textile material depends on the viscosity of its solution which in turn is a function of its molecular weight. In this work, therefore, the effect of molecular weight, storage life, presence of electrolyte, and particle size of chitosan on its viscosity was investigated. Chitosan of different molecular weights was synthesized by nitrous acid hydrolysis of parent chitosan solution. The synthesized low molecular weight products were analysed by FTIR spectroscopy. Chitosan of nanoconfiguration was prepared by Ionotropic gelation method and characterized by particle size analyzer. The viscosity of different chitosan solutions was determined using Ubbelohde capillary viscometer. As an extension to this study, the chelation property of chitosan was also evaluated.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Machine Learning Bibliometric Analysis (2020)

This bibliometric analysis presents the most influential references related to COVID-19 during this time and could be useful to improve understanding and management of COVID-19.
Home THX sound system (1989)

Rapidly increasing use of home video, especially in the Dolby Stereo format, makes this outlet of increasing technical importance to producers. Techniques have been developed to better translate program material mixed for theatrical conditions into the home. The author looks at Hi-Fi reproduction aspects of this problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>