gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and expression of the sarcosine oxidase gene from Bacillus sp. NS-129 in Escherichia coli. (1991)

The gene coding for a thermostable sarcosine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.1) was isolated from Bacillus sp. NS-129. The primary structure of sarcosine oxidase deduced from the nucleotide sequence was a protein composed of 387 amino acids with molecular weight 42, 955. When the sarcosine oxidase was overproduced to about 35% of soluble protein in E. coli under the control of a lac promoter, the sarcosine oxidase activity of the crude extract was increased 3-fold by the addition of FAD. This indicates that most of the enzyme is accumulated in an inactive form, a flavinless aporotein, in the cell.
Bone marrow–derived CMPs and GMPs represent highly functional proangiogenic cells: implications for ischemic cardiovascular disease (2011)

Clinical studies using bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells (PACs) have demonstrated modest improvements of function and/or perfusion of ischemic myocardium or skeletal muscle. Because the identities of these PACs and their functional ability to promote neovascularization remain poorly understood, it is possible that a subset of robust PACs exists but is obscured by the heterogeneous nature of this cell population. Herein, we found that common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs) preferentially differentiate into PACs compared with megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells, and common lymphoid progenitors. In vivo hindlimb ischemia studies and Matrigel plug assays verified the enhanced neovascularization properties uniquely associated with PACs derived from CMPs and GMPs. Taken together, these observations identify CMPs and GMPs as key bone marrow progenitors for optimal PAC function in vitro and in vivo and provide a foundation for novel therapeutic approaches to modulate angiogenesis.
Data Compression for Assisted-GPS Signal Processing (2011)

A concept of assisted-GPS based Snapshot receiver has been proposed by Andrew Corporation.. In this novel A-GPS system, demands on the complexity of design as well as the computation load and resources in a client receiver can be eased, especially when it is processing for multiple navigation systems. The functionality of the client receiver is simplified by recording and transferring the sampled intermediate frequency (IF) data directly to the server in the network. Instead of providing a position solution within the client receiver, the acquisition search engine as well as the position solution calculation is performed in the network server. However, in this way the burden of data transfer between the client and server receiver via the network becomes one of the major concerns. Therefore, investigations into data compression techniques in the client receiver can lead to important gains. In this paper, we show the relation between system sensitivity of a GPS signal and the amount of captured IF data in a given “snap-shot” or time frame. The goal of the project is to determine the feasibility and optimal values for the system parameters in terms of minimizing the data size while preserving reasonable detection sensitivity and accuracy. This paper presents the SNR loss and detection accuracy for a single GPS signal in the presence of additive Gaussian noise by considering the combination effects of narrow bandlimiting, low sampling frequency and 1-4bits quantizers. Empirical analysis is extending the recent findings on this combinations loss with sampling rates under Nyquist rate for GPS BPSK signal.
Unilateral Cortical Contusion Injury in the Rat: Vascular Disruption and Temporal Development of Cortical Necrosis (1993)

Cerebrovascular disruption and cortical pathology resulting from either moderate (M-TBI) or severe (S-TBI) traumatic brain injury produced by a pneumatically-driven cortical contusion device were assessed in adult male rats sacrificed at 6 and 24 h or 8 and 30 days after injury to the right sensorimotor cortex. Epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, petechial (cortex and corpus callosum), and/or intraventricular hemorrhage was present in all animals, more extensively and severely following S-TBI. At 6 or 24 h after TBI, acidophilic (acid fuchsin-positive) neurons were numerous and widespread (S-TBI > M-TBI) in the ipsilateral contused cortex. By 8 days few acidophilic neurons were present in peri-impact regions of the ipsilateral neocortex, and none were detected in cortex 30 days postinjury. Both M-TBI and S-TBI groups had enlarged ipsilateral cortical volumes (edema) at 6 and 24 h post-contusion. Eight and 30 days after injury the mean volume of cortical necrosis was significantly larger in S-TBI than in M-TBI rats, and cortical necrosis in both TBI conditions increased between 8 to 30 days postinjury. These results indicate that this pneumatically-driven contusion device produces reliable and consistent primary and secondary cortical histopathology, the extent of which is related to the severity of initial injury.
Effect of Distance on the Power Density from Two Light Guides (2000)

The design of the light guide of a light curing unit affects light dispersion, power density, and ultimately the dentist's ability to properly cure composite. For these reasons, manufacturers should report the power density at the tip of the light guide and 6 mm from the tip of the light guide, since significant differences exist between light guide designs.
Prevalence of Hearing Loss Among Children 6 to 19 Years of Age (1998)

This analysis indicates that 14.9% of US children have low-frequency or high-frequency hearing loss of at least 16-dB hearing level in 1 or both ears. Among children in elementary, middle, and high school, audiometric screening should include low-frequency and high-frequency testing to detect hearing loss.
A phase 3 trial of extended release oral dalfampridine in multiple sclerosis (2010)

This interventional study provides class 1 evidence that dalfampridine extended-release tablets produce clinically meaningful improvement in walking ability in a subset of people with MS, with the effect maintained between doses.
The Impact of Storage Time of Transfused Blood on Postoperative Infectious Complications in Rectal Cancer Surgery (2000)

Blood storage time may, along with other risk factors, play a significant role in blood transfusion-associated development of postoperative infectious complications.
New Era in Health Care: Tissue Engineering (2006)

Tissue engineering is a rapidly expanding field, which applies the principles and methods of physical sciences, life sciences and engineering to understand physiological and pathological systems and to modify and create cells and tissues for therapeutic applications. It has emerged as a rapidly expanding 'interdisciplinary field' that is a significant potential alternative wherein tissue and organ failure is addressed by implanting natural, synthetic, or semi synthetic tissue or organ mimics that grow into the required functionality or that are fully functional from the start. This review presents in a comprehensive manner the various considerations for the reconstruction of various tissues and organs as well as the various applications of this young emerging field in different disciplines.
A Novel Tripodal Ligand, Tris[(4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl-4-yl)methyl]carbinol and Its Trinuclear Ru<sup>II</sup>/Re<sup>I</sup> Mixed-Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Emission Properties, and Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction (2008)

A novel tripodal ligand, tris[(4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl-4-yl)methyl]carbinol (L), has been synthesized. The spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photocatalytic properties of the new trinuclear complexes (Ru(2)Re and RuRe(2)) linked by the tripodal bridging ligand L are then investigated. In addition, 2-fold-improved photocatalytic activities were obtained in the case of these trinuclear complexes compared to the mixtures of the appropriate monometallic model complexes in the reduction of CO(2) under visible irradiation.
Characterization of <i>N</i> -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptors on human neutrophils. Effects of isolation and temperature on receptor expression and functional activity. (1988)

The study of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) surface receptor expression provides a means for the assessment of PMN function and state of cellular activation. In this study, we characterized binding of the chemotactic peptide FMLP to whole PMN, with particular attention to those variables that may account for the wide variation reported in the literature. These included avoidance of oxidized FMLP as a radioligand contaminant, determination of the optimal cold ligand concentration necessary for achieving minimal nonspecific binding throughout the range of radioligand concentrations used in saturation experiments (greater than or equal to 5 x 10(-5) M), avoidance of radioligand concentrations that equal or exceed receptor saturation and are not suitable for Scatchard analysis (greater than or equal to 60 to 80 nM), and avoidance of inadvertent receptor mobilization due to room temperature PMN isolation techniques and cell warming. PMN isolated and maintained at 4 degrees C expressed a single, high affinity population of FMLP receptors (approximately 6000 receptors per cell) with a KD of 15.5 nM. These characteristics, and in particular the single-affinity nature of the expressed FMLP receptor site, were derived from saturation experiments and confirmed with agonist competition studies. PMN subjected to room temperature isolation or 37 degrees C warming exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in FMLP receptor expression (approximately 15,000 receptors per cell) without changes in receptor affinity. These latter PMN, in correlation with increased receptor expression, had increased initial, maximal rates of FMLP-induced superoxide generation (10.2 vs 6.3 nmol/min/10(6) PMN for cells isolated and maintained at 4 degrees C) as a manifestation of their functional activation. The avoidance of inadvertent cellular activation during PMN isolation is essential to studies of PMN function, activation and the role of FMLP receptor expression/mobilization in these processes.
A theoretical and experimental analysis of modulated laser fields and power spectra (1982)

A general theoretical description of modulated laser fields and power spectra for a current modulated single-mode laser is derived, taking into account both the intensity and frequency modulation (IM and FM) of the emitted light. The theory relies on an explicit knowledge of the modulus as well as the phase of the current-to-frequency modulation transfer function for the laser. Numerical examples are presented for sinusoidal, sawtooth, and square wave modulation considering broad-band and narrow-band FM cases with various amounts of IM. The IM causes a significant distortion of the pure FM spectrum, strongly dependent on the modulus and the phase of the current-to-frequency modulation transfer function. In general, it causes the FM spectrum to become asymmetrical with a change of the relative sideband level. The theoretical results have been confirmed experimentally by Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements on a temperature stabilized CSP injection laser. In the interpretation of the measurement results, the detailed characteristics of the interferometer, and the detection system are taken into account. The measurements include narrow-band and broad-band sinusoidal modulation as well as broad-band saw-tooth and square wave modulation.
Molecular and Clinical Implications of Variant Repeats in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (2021)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is one of the most variable monogenic diseases at phenotypic, genetic, and epigenetic level. The disease is multi-systemic with the age at onset ranging from birth to late age. The underlying mutation is an unstable expansion of CTG repeats in the <i>DMPK</i> gene, varying in size from 50 to >1000 repeats. Generally, large expansions are associated with an earlier age at onset. Additionally, the most severe, congenital DM1 form is typically associated with local DNA methylation. Genetic variability of DM1 mutation is further increased by its structural variations due to presence of other repeats (e.g., CCG, CTC, CAG). These variant repeats or repeat interruptions seem to confer an additional level of epigenetic variability since local DNA methylation is frequently associated with variant CCG repeats independently of the expansion size. The effect of repeat interruptions on DM1 molecular pathogenesis is not investigated enough. Studies on patients indicate their stabilizing effect on <i>DMPK</i> expansions because no congenital cases were described in patients with repeat interruptions, and the age at onset is frequently later than expected. Here, we review the clinical relevance of repeat interruptions in DM1 and genetic and epigenetic characteristics of interrupted <i>DMPK</i> expansions based on patient studies.
Iterative optimization in the polyhedral model: Part II, multidimensional time (2008)

High-level loop optimizations are necessary to achieve good performance over a wide variety of processors. Their performance impact can be significant because they involve in-depth program transformations that aiming to sustain a balanced workload over the computational, storage, and communication resources of the target architecture. Therefore, it is mandatory that the compiler accurately models the target architecture and the effects of complex code restructuring. However, because optimizing compilers (1) use simplistic performance models that abstract away many of the complexities of modern architectures, (2) rely on inaccurate dependence analysis, and (3) lack frameworks to express complex interactions of transformation sequences, they typically uncover only a fraction of the peak performance available on many applications. We propose a complete iterative framework to address these issues. We rely on the polyhedral model to construct and traverse a large and expressive search space. This space encompasses only legal, distinct versions resulting from the restructuring of any static control loop nest. We first propose a feedback-driven iterative heuristic tailored to the search space properties of the polyhedral model. Though, it quickly converges to good solutions for small kernels, larger benchmarks containing higher dimensional spaces are more challenging and our heuristic misses opportunities for significant performance improvement. Thus, we introduce the use of a genetic algorithm with specialized operators that leverage the polyhedral representation of program dependences. We provide experimental evidence that the genetic algorithm effectively traverses huge optimization spaces, achieving good performance improvements on large loop nests.
The case of the missing dots (1998)

Mead C. Killion, PhD is President of Etymotic Research and Adjunct Professor of Audiology, Northwestern University, and Visiting Professor of Audiology, Rush University. Laurel A. Christensen, PhD is Assistant Professor of Audiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center. Correspandence to Killion at Etymotic Research, 61 Martin Lane, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007.
Thermodynamics of Formation of Host−Guest Supramolecular Polymers (2006)

The interactions between three beta-cyclodextrin hosts (having 1-3 binding sites) and two adamantyl guests (having 1-2 binding sites) have been studied by ITC, ROESY, static and dynamic light scattering (SLS and DLS), and AFM and TEM techniques. The enthalpy and free energy values (determined from ITC experiments) evidence that the single interaction between one binding site of the guest and one binding site of the host is independent of the number of binding sites of the interacting species. The average values are deltaH degrees = -26.6 +/- 2.3 kJ mol(-1) and deltaG degrees = -30.4 +/- 3.2 kJ mol(-1), indicating that the process is mainly enthalpy driven. In all cases, the experimental molar ratio (from ITC experiments) agrees with the expected one from the number of binding sites of both the host and guest. The formation of polymer-like entities was demonstrated by SLS, DLS, AFM, and TEM measurements. The structure of polymers is linear when both the host and the guest are ditopic entities and dendritic (or Cayley tree type) when the host and the guest have three and two binding sites, respectively.
임분 생장 모델의 모수 추정 능력 향상을 위한 생장 측정간격의 선택 (1998)

This study aimed to provide a strategy for selecting an adequate combination of growth intervals(i.e. times between age T₁ and age T₂) to be used to improve the reality of the growth equation through obtaining better precision of parameter estimates. Variety of growth functions were fitted to the data and one equation which best fitted the data was chosen for the analysis. A modified Schumacher projection equation, selected as a best equation, that included dummy variables representing locality as a predictor variable was fitted for basal area and height equations with nonoverlapping growth interval and all possible growth interval data sets of Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.Franco). The data were measured in all parts of the South Island of New Zealand. It was found that the precision of parameter estimates was increased in both basal area and height equations by using data set which contained a range of measurement intervals from short to long term.
Management of corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis (1995)

Corticosteroid therapy results in osteoporosis. There is a doubling in the risk of fracture in patients taking more than the equivalent of 7.5 mg day-1. The bone loss is most rapid from the axial skeleton, particularly during the 1st year of therapy. The most important mechanism for the bone loss is a decrease in osteoblastic activity. Preventative strategies should be targeted to patients with low bone-mineral density, especially if the dose of corticosteroids is likely to be high. Treatment strategies agreed on by the Consensus Panel included hormone replacement therapy and bisphosphonates, with monitoring of efficacy by bone densitometry.
Segmentation and tracking of human sperm cells using spatio- temporal representation and clustering (2007)

This work proposes an algorithm for segmentation and tracking of human sperm. The algorithm analyzes video sequences containing multiple moving sperms and produces video segmentation maps and moving objects trajectories. Sperm trajectories analysis is widely used in computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) systems. Several researches show that CASA systems face a problem when dealing with the "actual" or "perceived" collisions of sperms. The proposed algorithm reduces the probability of wrong trajectory construction related to collisions. We represent the video data using a 4-dimensional model containing spatial and temporal coordinates and the direction of optical flow vectors. The video sequence is divided into a succession of overlapping subsequences. The video data of each subsequence is grouped in the feature domain using the mean shift procedure. We identify clusters corresponding to moving objects in each subsequence. The complete trajectories are reconstructed by matching clusters that are most likely to represent that same object in adjacent subsequences. The clusters are matched using heuristics which are based on cluster overlaps, and by solving a specially formulated linear assignment problem. Tracking results are evaluated for different video sequences containing different types of motions and collisions.
Design, Fabrication and Static Test of a Resonant Microaccelerometer (1997)

Abstract This paper investigates a resonant microaccelerometer that measures acceleration using a built-in micromechanical resonator, whose resonant frequency is changing due to an acceleration-induced axial force. From a structural analysis, design equations for the resonant microaccelerometer have been developed and have included analytic formulae for the resonant frequency, sensitivity, nonlinearity and maximum stress in the mechanical structures. On this basis, the sizes of the accelerometer are designed for a sensitivity of 10−3g/Hz over the bandwidth of 100Hz, while satisfying the maximum nonlinearity of 5%, the minimum shock endurance of 100g, the detection range of 5g and the size constraints placed by microfabrication process. A set of the resonant accelerometers has been fabricated by an integrated use of bulk-micromachining and surface-micromachining techniques. From on-chip test structures, the Young’s modulus of polysilicon is measured in the range of 60∼100GPa. The residual stress of polysilicon structures was reduced to 362.1kPa by the annealing process performed for 2 hours at 1000 C in N2 atmosphere. From a static test of the resonant accelerometer, a frequency shift of 860Hz has been measured corresponding to the deflection of the proof-mass by 4.3±0.5μm; thereby obtaining the detection sensitivity of 0.92±0.11 × 10−3g/Hz. Uncertainty in the resonant frequency output has been evaluated to identify important issues involved in the design, fabrication and testing of the resonant accelerometer.
Propulsion of an artificial nanoswimmer: a comprehensive review (2014)

Locomotion at micro and nano scales is a challenge and has drawn attention for over six decades. Inspired by nature, studies have mimicked nanoswimming organisms, which use rotating or beating flagella for locomotion. This mode of propulsion, also known as flagellar propulsion, has been explored extensively in the literature. However, chemical and magnetic methods have gained interest in the last decade owing to advantages including high thrust force and wireless control. The review summarizes chronologically the various propulsion mechanisms for moving a nanoswimmer using chemical fuel, magnetic fields, ultrasonic pulses and thrust force generated by bacteria in the presence of external stimuli including laser light, and thermal and chemical gradients.
Immune Sensitization to Yeast Antigens in ASCA-positive Patients with Crohn’s Disease (2004)

Background: Alimentary antigens may play a role in the perpetuation of inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). Yeast antigens are widespread components of food. A proportion of CD patients develop antibodies against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), but little is known about the cellular immune reactivity against food antigens in antibody-positive and -negative patients.
Concurrent hardware : the theory and practice of self-timed design (1993)

The Models of Parallel Processes Specification and the Behaviour of the Circuits Verification of Parallel System Behaviour Through Formal Models The Relationship between the State and Event Models Behaviour Identification and Circuit Analysis Transformation of the Behaviour Specifications Language Meccano Methods for Direct Translation of Specification into Circuits Formal Methods for Self-Timed Circuit Synthesis Reducing Specification to the Form Implementable Through Circuits Abridged Review of the State of the Art in Self-Timing Use of the CAD System 'FORCAGE' in the Design of Self-Timed Circuits.