gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Inhibition of Ferric Ion Corrosion During Chemical Cleaning of Metal Surfaces (1972)

To minimize attack on metals during cleaning with acid solutions containing dissolved iron in the ferric state, both hydrogen evolution corrosion and ferric ion corrosion must be effectively inhibited. There are many inhibitors which effectively reduce hydrogen evolution corrosion, but these have a relatively small effect on ferric ion corrosion. Data are provided which show the synergistic action of certain substituted thioureas and thioamides with certain alkali metal and amine alkyl or alkyl-aryl sulfonates and sulfonated esters in effectively inhibiting both ferric ion and hydrogen evolution corrosion on ferrous and other metals during exposure to a variety of acids. Potentiostatic measurements indicate that inhibition is a result of retardation of cathodic reactions.
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (1987)

We discuss analogs based on elliptic curves over finite fields of public key cryptosystems which use the multiplicative group of a finite field. These elliptic curve cryptosystems may be more secure, because the analog of the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves is likely to be harder than the classical discrete logarithm problem, especially over ${\text {GF}}({2^n})$. We discuss the question of primitive points on an elliptic curve modulo p, and give a theorem on nonsmoothness of the order of the cyclic subgroup generated by a global point.
The Spoken Web Search Task (2012)

In this paper, we describe the “Spoken Web Search” Task, which\nis being held as part of the 2012 MediaEval campaign. The\npurpose of this task is to perform audio search in multiple\nlanguages, with very little resources being available for each\nindividual language. The data is being taken from audio content\nthat was created in live and realistic low-resource settings.
Nature and Consequences of GroEL-Protein Interactions (1995)

The importance of chaperonin-protein interactions has been investigated by analyzing the refolding of the barley chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 in the presence of GroEL. The chaperonin retards the rate of refolding of wild type and 32 representative point mutants. The retardation of the rate drops to a finite level at saturating concentrations of GroEL, being lowered by a factor of 3-100, depending on the mutation. It is seen qualitatively that truncation of large hydrophobic side chains to smaller side chains weakens binding. Analysis of the magnitude of the rates of retardation shows further that hydrophobic and positively charged side chains tend to interact favorably with GroEL whereas negatively charged side chains tend to repel. There is an inverse correlation between the strength of hydrophobic interactions and the rate constant for refolding of the GroEL-complexed protein: the better the binding, the slower the folding. This shows directly that hydrophobic (and other favorable) interactions between the chaperonin and substrate are weakened during the refolding process and implies that unfolding can be catalyzed by the gain of such interactions.
Cascade sample matrix inversion arrays (2002)

It is shown that if a narrowband adaptive array is partitioned and processed as a cascade of adaptive arrays, computational complexity is reduced and performance is only slightly degraded. The sample matrix inversion (SMI) and covariance matrix estimation are discussed. Cascade SMI complexity is examined. Simulation results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An algorithm for constructing regions with rectangles (1984)

We provide an algorithm which solves the following problem: given a polygon with edges parallel to the x and y axes, which is convex in the y direction, find a minimum size collection of rectangles, which cover the polygon and are contained within it. The algorithm is quadratic in the number of vertices of the polygon. Our method also yields a new proof of a recent duality theorem equating minimum size rectangle covers to maximum size sets of independent points in the polygon.
Doses of GBR12909 that suppress cocaine self-administration in non-human primates substantially occupy dopamine transporters as measured by [11C] WIN35,428 PET scans (1999)

GBR12909 (GBR) is a high-affinity, selective, and long-acting inhibitor of dopamine (DA) uptake that produces a persistent and noncompetitive blockade of DA transporters and substantially reduces cocaine-induced increases in extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Prior studies showed that intravenous infusion of GBR to Rhesus monkeys selectively reduced (1 mg/kg) and eliminated (3 mg/kg) cocaine self-administration. This study tested the hypothesis that doses of GBR that reduce cocaine self-administration in nonhuman primates produce significant occupation of DA transporters. DA transporters were quantitated in two baboons using [11C]WIN35,428 and positron emission tomography (PET). Each baboon underwent paired control/blocked PET scans (performed on three separate study days, 3–4 weeks apart). On the first scan the baboon received saline (3 ml/kg) 90 minutes before the injection of the radiotracer. GBR (1 mg/kg i.v.) was infused 90 minutes before the second [11C]WIN 35,428 study. The same experimental design was repeated with GBR doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Doses of 1 (n = 2), 3 mg/kg (n = 2), and 10 mg/kg (n = 2) reduced binding potential by 26, 53, and 72%, respectively. GBR was well tolerated in all baboons. These results demonstrate that doses of GBR that suppress cocaine self-administration in nonhuman primates also produce high occupancy of the DA transporter. These data strongly suggest that occupancy for the DA transporter by GBR explains its ability to attenuate cocaine-induced increases in extracellular DA and to suppress cocaine self-administration. Moreover, these data suggest that experimental human studies of orally administered GBR to test the DA hypothesis of cocaine addiction should use doses that produce at least 70% occupancy of the DA transporter. Synapse 32:44–50, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of high flow oxygen on mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in prehospital setting: randomised controlled trial (2010)

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12609000236291.
Nucleotide and Nucleotide Sugar Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry on Surface-Conditioned Porous Graphitic Carbon (2010)

We examined the analysis of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars by chromatography on porous graphitic carbon with mass spectrometric detection, a method that evades contamination of the MS instrument with ion pairing reagent. At first, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and other triphosphate nucleotides exhibited very poor chromatographic behavior on new columns and could hardly be eluted from columns previously cleaned with trifluoroacetic acid. Satisfactory performance of both new and older columns could, however, be achieved by treatment with reducing agent and, unexpectedly, hydrochloric acid. Over 40 nucleotides could be detected in cell extracts including many isobaric compounds such as ATP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate (dGTP), and phospho-adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and its much more abundant isomer 2',3'-cyclic AMP. A fast sample preparation procedure based on solid-phase extraction on carbon allowed detection of very short-lived analytes such as cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP)-2-keto-deoxy-octulosonic acid. In animal cells and plant tissues, about 35 nucleotide sugars were detected, among them rarely considered metabolites such as uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-l-arabinopyranose, UDP-L-arabinofuranose, guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)-L-galactofuranose, UDP-L-rhamnose, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-sugars. Surprisingly, UDP-arabinopyranose was also found in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Due to the unique structural selectivity of graphitic carbon, the method described herein distinguishes more nucleotides and nucleotide sugars than previously reported approaches.
Aluminium alloys in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (2009)

With the increasing growth of incineration of household waste, more and more aluminium is retained in municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. Therefore recycling of aluminium from bottom ash becomes increasingly important. Previous research suggests that aluminium from different sources is found in different size fractions resulting in different recycling rates. The purpose of this study was to develop analytical and sampling techniques to measure the particle size distribution of individual alloys in bottom ash. In particular, cast aluminium alloys were investigated. Based on the particle size distribution it was computed how well these alloys were recovered in a typical state-of-the-art treatment plant. Assessment of the cast alloy distribution was carried out by wet physical separation processes, as well as chemical methods, X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron microprobe analysis. The results from laboratory analyses showed that cast alloys tend to concentrate in the coarser fractions and therefore are better recovered in bottom ash treatment plants.
Control Variates for Probability and Quantile Estimation (1998)

In stochastic systems, quantiles indicate the level of system performance that can be delivered with a specified probability, while probabilities indicate the likelihood that a specified level of system performance can be achieved. We present new estimators for use in simulation experiments designed to estimate such quantiles or probabilities of system performance. All of the estimators exploit control variates to increase their precision, which is especially important when extreme quantiles (in the tails of the distribution of system performance) or extreme probabilities (near zero or one) are of interest. Control variates are auxiliary random variables with known properties—in this case, known quantiles—and a strong stochastic association with the performance measure of interest. Since transforming a control variate can increase its effectiveness, we propose both continuous and discrete approximations to the optimal (variance-minimizing) transformation for estimating probabilities, and then invert the probability estimators to obtain corresponding quantile estimators. We also propose a direct control-variate quantile estimator that is not based on inverting a probability estimator. An empirical study using queueing, inventory and project-planning examples shows that substantial reductions in mean squared error can be obtained when estimating the 0.9, 0.95, and 0.99 quantiles.
Expansion of Extracellular Volume and Suppression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide after Growth Hormone Administration in Normal Man (1991)

Sodium retention and symptoms and signs of fluid retention are commonly recorded during GH administration in both GH-deficient patients and normal subjects. Most reports have however, been casuistic or uncontrolled. In a randomized double blind placebo-controlled cross-over study we therefore examined the effect of 14-day GH administration (12 IU sc at 2000 h) on plasma volume, extracellular volume (ECV), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), arginine vasopressin, and the renin angiotensin system in eight healthy adult men. A significant GH induced increase in serum insulin growth factor I was observed. GH caused a significant increase in ECV (L): 20.45 +/- 0.45 (GH), 19.53 +/- 0.48 (placebo) (P less than 0.01), whereas plasma volume (L) remained unchanged 3.92 +/- 0.16 (GH), 4.02 +/- 0.13 (placebo). A significant decrease in plasma ANP (pmol/L) after GH administration was observed: 2.28 +/- 0.54 (GH), 3.16 +/- 0.53 (placebo) P less than 0.01. Plasma aldosterone (pmol/L): 129 +/- 14 (GH), 89 +/- 17 (placebo), P = 0.08, and plasma angiotensin II (pmol/L) levels: 18 +/- 12 (GH), 14 +/- 7 (placebo), P = 0.21, were not significantly elevated. No changes in plasma arginine vasopressin occurred (1.86 +/- 0.05 pmol/L vs. 1.90 +/- 0.05, P = 0.33). Serum sodium and blood pressure remained unaffected. Moderate complaints, which could be ascribed to water retention, were recorded in four subjects [periorbital edema (n = 3), acral paraesthesia (n = 2) and light articular pain (n = 1)]. The symptoms were most pronounced after 2-3 days of treatment and diminished at the end of the period. In summary, 14 days of high dose GH administration caused a significant increase in ECV and a significant suppression of ANP.
Regulation of systemic energy homeostasis by serotonin in adipose tissues (2015)

Central serotonin (5-HT) is an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain. However, accumulating evidence suggests peripheral 5-HT may affect organismal energy homeostasis. Here we show 5-HT regulates white and brown adipose tissue function. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis leads to inhibition of lipogenesis in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT), induction of browning in inguinal WAT and activation of adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Mice with inducible Tph1 KO in adipose tissues exhibit a similar phenotype as mice in which 5-HT synthesis is inhibited pharmacologically, suggesting 5-HT has localized effects on adipose tissues. In addition, Htr3a KO mice exhibit increased energy expenditure and reduced weight gain when fed a high-fat diet. Treatment with an Htr2a antagonist reduces lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These data suggest important roles for adipocyte-derived 5-HT in controlling energy homeostasis.
The propeptide of rat bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein shares homology with other vitamin K-dependent protein precursors. (1985)

The molecular cloning of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) protein (BGP; osteocalcin) was accomplished by constructing a phage lambda gt11 cDNA library from the rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2 and screening this library with antibodies raised against BGP from rat bone. By sequencing several cloned cDNAs, we have established a 489-base-pair sequence that predicts a mature BGP of 50 amino acid residues with an NH2-terminal extension of 49 residues. The leader peptide consists of a hydrophobic signal peptide followed by a basic propeptide of 26 or 27 residues that is cleaved after an Arg-Arg dipeptide prior to secretion from the cell. Mature rat BGP is extremely homologous to BGPs from other species except for its COOH-terminal sequence. A stretch of 9 residues proximal to the NH2 terminus of secreted BGP is strikingly similar to the corresponding regions in known propeptides of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing blood coagulation factors. We suggest that this common structural feature may be involved in the posttranslational targeting of these polypeptides for vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation.
Abstract #2793: MEDI3617, a fully human anti-angiopoietin 2 monoclonal antibody, demonstrates efficacy and tolerability alone and in combination with chemotherapy in xenograft models. (2009)

Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) is an important regulator of angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation and integrity of the vascular endothelium. Ang2-Tie2 interactions for vascular remodeling have been shown to play an important role in tumor vessel plasticity. We have developed MEDI3617, a fully human IgG1 anti-Ang2 monoclonal antibody with binding affinity (Kd) to human Ang2 of 40pM. In vitro, MEDI3617 effectively blocked Ang2 from binding to Tie2 in a competition ELISA assay (IC50 = 1.34nM) and inhibited Ang2-mediated Tie2 phosphorylation in HEK-293/Tie2 stable cells (IC50 = 0.85nM). We have demonstrated in vivo, the anti-angiogenic acitivity of MEDI3617, through inhibition of neonatal retinal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in tumor xenografts and matrigel plugs. We have also demonstrated single agent activity in multiple tumor types. In addition, we examined the potential of combining MEDI3617 with chemotherapeutic agents such as Xeloda and Taxol. For both Xeloda and Taxol, we observed tumor stasis in Colo205 (colorectal), and A375 (melanoma) xenograft models, respectively. MEDI3617 administered as a single agent at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg resulted in tumor growth inhibition of approximately 60% in Colo205 and A375, respectively. When MEDI3617 was administered in combination with Xeloda in Colo205 or in combination with Taxol in A375 xenografts, significant tumor growth delay was achieved and no significant body weight loss was detected. These studies demonstrate that MEDI3617 has anti-angiogenic activity resulting in inhibition of tumor as single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2793.
A support vector machine classifier reduces interscanner variation in the HRCT classification of regional disease pattern in diffuse lung disease: Comparison to a Bayesian classifier (2013)

The use of an integrated dataset along with a SVM classifier rather than a Bayesian classifier has benefits in terms of the classification accuracy of HRCT images acquired with more than one scanner. This finding is of relevance in studies involving large number of images, as is the case in a multicenter trial with different scanners.
Recovery in multilayer optical networks (2006)

The integration of different network technologies into a multilayer network, as in Internet-based networks carried by optical transport networks (OTNs), creates new opportunities but also challenges with respect to network survivability. In different network layers, recovery mechanisms that are active can be exploited jointly to reach a more efficient or faster recovery from failures. This interworking is also indispensable in order to overcome the variety of failure scenarios that can occur in the multilayer-network environment. A well-considered coordination between the different layers and their recovery mechanisms is crucial in order to attain high performance recovery. This paper provides an overview of multilayer recovery issues and solutions in an Internet protocol (IP)-over-optical-network environment, which is illustrated by quantitative case studies.
Asymmetrical leading-triangle modulation technique for improved digital valley current controlled switching DC-DC converters (2010)

Conventional leading-triangle modulation is essentially a symmetrical leading-triangle modulation. To overcome the subharmonic oscillations of improved digital valley current (IDVC) controlled switching dc-dc converters with symmetrical leading-triangle modulation, asymmetrical leading-triangle modulation technique for IDVC controlled switching dc-dc converters is studied in this paper. The subharmonic oscillations of IDVC control with symmetrical leading-triangle modulation can be avoided with asymmetrical leading-triangle modulation. Experimental results show that the control performance of IDVC controlled switching converters with asymmetrical leading-triangle modulation is better than that with symmetrical leading-triangle modulation.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Controlled by Regulatory T Cells via TGF-β during Murine Colitis (2016)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are well known regulators of regulatory T cells (Treg cells); however, the direct regulation of MDSCs by Treg cells has not been well characterized. We find that colitis caused by functional deficiency of Treg cells leads to altered expansion and reduced function of MDSCs. During differentiation of MDSCs in vitro from bone marrow cells, Treg cells enhanced MDSC function and controlled their differentiation through a mechanism involving transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). TGF-β-deficient Treg cells were not able to regulate MDSC function in an experimentally induced model of colitis. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of TGF-β-mediated in-vitro-differentiated MDSCs on colitis. Adoptive transfer of MDSCs that differentiated with TGF-β led to better colitis prevention than the transfer of MDSCs that differentiated without TGF-β. Our results demonstrate an interaction between Treg cells and MDSCs that contributes to the regulation of MDSC proliferation and the acquisition of immunosuppressive functions.
In vivo effects in mice of an anti-T cell immunotoxin. (1989)

We have evaluated both the proliferative response as well as the Thy-1 Ag expression of lymphocytes from mice treated in vivo with an anti-Thy-1 immunotoxin (IT). The IT was a rat IgG2c mAb recognizing the Thy-1 Ag, disulfide-linked to a ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the seeds of the plant Saponaria officinalis (soapwort). Toxicity studies showed that a single i.v. injection of doses up to 20 micrograms IT/mouse was well tolerated and allowed indefinite survival. The Con A-induced proliferative response of spleen cells from mice killed 1 day after treatment with sublethal doses of IT was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with complete inhibition observed at doses of greater than or equal to 5 micrograms IT/mouse. Control experiments showed that the inhibition was due to the IT and not to its single components. Moreover, the IT effect was abolished by a large (100-fold) excess of anti-Thy-1 mAb alone given concurrently, but not by an unrelated, isotype-matched rat mAb. At all IT doses, the proliferative response to a B cell mitogen (LPS) was normal. Kinetic studies showed a time- and dose-dependent reconstitution of Con A responsiveness. In limiting dilution cultures of spleen cells from mice treated with 5 micrograms IT 1 or 4 days before death, a 97% depletion of T lymphocytes capable of proliferation was observed. Limiting dilution cultures showed that also the thymus of IT-treated mice was depleted by more than 90% of growth-competent T lymphocytes. Cytofluorographic studies of Thy-1+ cells from the spleens of IT-treated mice gave results which did not correlate with those obtained in functional assays. Thus, a dose-dependent reduction, followed by a time-dependent reconstitution of Thy-1+ cells was observed in this case too, but the depletion occurred at later time points and was less complete than that observed in functional assays. Moreover, the mean fluorescence intensity of the residual Thy-1+ cells decreased below normal levels.
Electronic Chip-In-Place Test (1982)

Electronic Chip-in-Place Test (ECIPT) is a design approach and a test methodology for VLSI packages containing multiple semi-conductor chips. Shift register latches are used in such a way that each chip on a package is accessible for testing from the package pins without in-circuit probing. A means is therefore provided, whereby tests generated for a chip can be reapplied at the package level. The ECIPT methodology additionally provides a mechanism for simplified tests of failures associated with interchip wiring and chip I/O connections.
Finite difference modeling of Biot's poroelastic equations at seismic frequencies (2006)

Across the seismic band of frequencies (loosely defined as <10 kHz), a seismic wave propagating through a porous material will create flow in the pore space that is laminar; that is, in this low‐frequency “seismic limit,” the development of viscous boundary layers in the pores need not be modeled. An explicit time stepping staggered‐grid finite difference scheme is presented for solving Biot's equations of poroelasticity in this low‐frequency limit. A key part of this work is the establishment of rigorous stability conditions. It is demonstrated that over a wide range of porous material properties typical of sedimentary rock and despite the presence of fluid pressure diffusion (Biot slow waves), the usual Courant condition governs the stability as if the problem involved purely elastic waves. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparing to exact analytical solutions for both fast compressional waves and slow waves. Additional numerical modeling examples are also presented.