gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotational angle based pressure control of a common rail fuel injection system for internal combustion engines (2009)

Common rail based direct injection system is critical for improving the fuel economy and emissions of both gasoline and diesel engines. The fuel pressure pulsation inside the common rail is induced by high-speed flows in and out of the common rail. This phenomenon could adversely affect the accuracy of injected fuel quantities and flow rates. So it is desirable to compensate for the pressure pulsations in a high pressure fuel injection system. Due to the stroke by stroke motion of the internal combustion engine, the fuel pressure pulsation is primarily periodic with respect to the engine rotational-angle since fuel injection timing is scheduled on an angular basis. However, the period of the pressure pulsation changes in time domain as the rotational speed varies in general. To compensate for the pressure pulsations, current control practice is to throttle the fuel through an electro-hydraulic valve, which not only results in energy loss but also has limited effect due to the bandwidth of the valve and the control. In this paper, we apply recently developed time-varying internal model-based design to compensate for the time-varying but angle dependent pressure pulsations.
崔致遠의 新羅傳統 認識과 『帝王年代曆』의 찬술 (2002)

Choi, Chi-Won had regarded Silla, which was his fatherland, as a Confucian ideal land. The reason is that Silla got throughness to doctrine of...
Hyperinduction of Cyclooxygenase‐2–Mediated Proinflammatory Cascade: A Mechanism for the Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza H5N1 Infection (2008)

The mechanism for the pathogenesis of H5N1 infection in humans remains unclear. This study reveals that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was strongly induced in H5N1-infected macrophages in vitro and in epithelial cells of lung tissue samples obtained during autopsy of patients who died of H5N1 disease. Novel findings demonstrated that COX-2, along with tumor necrosis factor alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines were hyperinduced in epithelial cells by secretory factors from H5N1-infected macrophages in vitro. This amplification of the proinflammatory response is rapid, and the effects elicited by the H5N1-triggered proinflammatory cascade are broader than those arising from direct viral infection. Furthermore, selective COX-2 inhibitors suppress the hyperinduction of cytokines in the proinflammatory cascade, indicating a regulatory role for COX-2 in the H5N1-hyperinduced host proinflammatory cascade. These data provide a basis for the possible development of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of H5N1 disease, as adjuncts to antiviral drugs.
Volumetric measurement of perfusion and arterial transit delay using hadamard encoded continuous arterial spin labeling (2012)

Creating images of the transit delay from the labeling location to image tissue can aid the optimization and quantification of arterial spin labeling perfusion measurements and may provide diagnostic information independent of perfusion. Unfortunately, measuring transit delay requires acquiring a series of images with different labeling timing that adds to the time cost and increases the noise of the arterial spin labeling study. Here, we implement and evaluate a proposed Hadamard encoding of labeling that speeds the imaging and improves the signal-to-noise ratio efficiency. Volumetric images in human volunteers confirmed the theoretical advantages of Hadamard encoding over sequential acquisition of images with multiple labeling timing. Perfusion images calculated from Hadamard encoded acquisition had reduced signal-to-noise ratio relative to a dedicated perfusion acquisition with either assumed or separately measured transit delays, however.
Functional descriptions as the bridge between hypermedia APIs and the Semantic Web (2012)

The early visions for the Semantic Web, from the famous 2001 Scientific American article by Berners-Lee et al., feature intelligent agents that can autonomously perform tasks like discovering information, scheduling events, finding execution plans for complex operations, and in general, use reasoning techniques to come up with sense-making and traceable decisions. While today-more than ten years later-the building blocks (1) resource-oriented rest infrastructure, (2) Web APIs, and (3) Linked Data are in place, the envisioned intelligent agents have not landed yet. In this paper, we explain why capturing functionality is the connection between those three building blocks, and introduce the functional API description format RESTdesc that creates this bridge between hypermedia APIs and the Semantic Web. Rather than adding yet another component to the Semantic Web stack, RESTdesc offers instead concise descriptions that reuse existing vocabularies to guide hypermedia-driven agents. Its versatile capabilities are illustrated by a real-life agent use case for Web browsers wherein we demonstrate that RESTdesc functional descriptions are capable of fulfilling the promise of autonomous agents on the Web.
The Impact of Racism on American Family Life (1995)

This review emphasizes the importance of therapists' awareness of the impact of race and racism on family life. Severalcurrent works of broad social commentary are examined.
Administration of Either Anti-Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 or a Nonspecific Control Antibody Improves Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat (2002)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an endothelial protein that facilitates invasion of leukocytes into the CNS in response to injury or inflammation. ICAM-1 expression correlates with the severity of clinical head injuries, but its importance in secondary injury events is not fully understood. Therefore, we evaluated ICAM-1 expression and the effect of anti-ICAM-1 treatment on motor recovery and neutrophil invasion after traumatic brain injury induced via the lateral fluid-percussion method in the rat. ICAM-1 was expressed in large and small blood vessels within the injured cortex at 10 and 24 h after injury. Repeated administration of anti-ICAM-1 antibody (clone 1A29) at 1, 10, and again at 24 h after injury significantly improved performance in two of three motor tests, compared to saline controls. Equal doses of nonspecific control antibody (IgG) also significantly improved motor test scores, compared to saline controls. Cortical myeloperoxidase activity, an indicator of neutrophil invasion, was significantly reduced 26 h after injury in animals treated with anti-ICAM-1. Animals treated with IgG showed a trend toward reduction that did not reach significance. These data suggest that ICAM-1 may be involved in neutrophil invasion and neurological dysfunction after TBI, but also implicate a role for a nonspecific antibody effect in improved functional outcome.
Homology Modeling of the Transmembrane Domain of the Human Calcium Sensing Receptor and Localization of an Allosteric Binding Site (2004)

A homology model for the human calcium sensing receptor (hCaR) transmembrane domain utilizing bovine rhodopsin (bRho) structural information was derived and tested by docking the allosteric antagonist, NPS 2143, followed by mutagenesis of predicted contact sites. Mutation of residues Phe-668 (helix II), Arg-680, or Phe-684 (helix III) to Ala (or Val or Leu) and Glu-837 (helix VII) to Ile (or Gln) reduced the inhibitory effects of NPS 2143 on [Ca2+]i responses. The calcimimetic NPS R-568 increases the potency of Ca2+ in functional assays of CaR. Mutations at Phe-668, Phe-684, or Glu-837 attenuated the effects of this compound, but mutations at Arg-680 had no effect. In all cases, mutant CaRs responded normally to Ca2+ or phenylalanine, which act at distinct site(s). Discrimination by the Arg-680 mutant is consistent with the structural differences between NPS 2143, which contains an alkyl bridge hydroxyl group, and NPS R-568, which does not. The homology model of the CaR transmembrane domain robustly accounts for binding of both an allosteric antagonist and agonist, which share a common site, and provides a basis for the development of more specific and/or potent allosteric modulators of CaR. These studies suggest that the bRho backbone can be used as a starting point for homology modeling of even distantly related G protein-coupled receptors and provide a rational framework for investigation of the contributions of the transmembrane domain to CaR function.
X-linked Pyridoxine-Responsive Sideroblastic Anemia Due to a Thr<sup>388</sup>-to-Ser Substitution in Erythroid 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase (1994)

We identified a point mutation resulting in an amino acid change near the pyridoxal phosphate-binding site of the erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase isoenzyme as the underlying defect in a kindred with X-linked pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia.
Acylglycerol kinase augments JAK2/STAT3 signaling in esophageal squamous cells (2013)

JAK2 activity is tightly controlled through a self-inhibitory effect via its JAK homology domain 2 (JH2), which restricts the strength and duration of JAK2/STAT3 signaling under physiological conditions. Although multiple mutations within JAK2, which abrogate the function of JH2 and sustain JAK2 activation, are widely observed in hematological malignancies, comparable mutations have not been detected in solid tumors. How solid tumor cells override the autoinhibitory effect of the JH2 domain to maintain constitutive activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling remains puzzling. Herein, we demonstrate that AGK directly interacted with the JH2 domain to relieve inhibition of JAK2 and activate JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Overexpression of AGK sustained constitutive JAK2/STAT3 activation, consequently promoting the cancer stem cell population and augmenting the tumorigenicity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, AGK levels significantly correlated with increased STAT3 phosphorylation, poorer disease-free survival, and shorter overall survival in primary ESCC. More importantly, AGK expression was significantly correlated with JAK2/STAT3 hyperactivation in ESCC, as well as in lung and breast cancer. These findings uncover a mechanism for constitutive activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in solid tumors and may represent a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Sintered aerosol masks for dry-etched quantum dots (1994)

We report on a sintering step in producing ultra-fine silver aerosol particles to serve as etch masks for semiconductor quantum-dot structures. Our experiments found heating conditions that reshape the Ag particles, resulting in a spherical shape and very good size uniformities. Using this improved aerosol generation technology, we have dry etched InP columns with 24±5 nm diameter and with very good uniformity, with nearly every aerosol particle resulting in a column. Column arrays with a density as high as 3×109 cm−2 could be produced.
Imaging of media lubricant spacing contributions by readback signal analysis (1997)

An in situ method for measuring media lubricant spacing contributions in a hard disk drive by analysis of the magnetic readback signal is presented. Amplitude modulation (AM) is mapped over an area of the disk and the image is scaled into equivalent spacing loss using the known transition length and the Wallace spacing loss equation. The first image acquired is used as a reference for all subsequent measurements. Changes in head to media spacing are created by the removal of a localized area of lubricant in the imaged region on the disk. The area is re-imaged and subtracted from the reference in order to measure the resulting changes in head/media spacing. Spacing changes from 0.6 mm to 0.7 mm were measured after either a Freon TF or a trifluoroethanol wash.
On the electron affinity of silicon carbide polytypes (2007)

Electron affinities are calculated in the form of linear functions of the degree of hexagonality by two different methods using the concept of band offsets in heterojunctions formed by 3C-SiC in contact with a non-cubic polytype.
Storage-optimal key sharing with authentication in sensor networks (2005)

Wireless sensor networks are edging closer to widespread feasibility with recent research showing promising results in developing and adapting new mechanisms to suit their environment. Secure communication between these distributed wireless devices is a desired characteristic, especially in scenarios where these sensors will be exploited for military and other mission-critical operations. This paper highlights some of the research challenges for extending secure communications over these resource-constrained devices and points out why current protocols do not scale well in this unique application realm. Then, a storage-optimal key sharing scheme with authentication is proposed in this paper. This scheme requires each sensor node to hold one secret key and hash functions only, and is optimal in terms of memory consumption which is more rigorous constraint factor than computation and communication resources limit. (8 pages)
10 steps to HIPAA security compliance. (2005)

Protecting your patients’ health information is more difficult and more important than ever. The author’s strategy will help you meet this month’s deadline.
Ceramic Coatings and Linings (1994)

Abstract Ceramic coatings are applied to metals to protect them against oxidation and corrosion at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. This article provides a detailed account of the factors to be considered when selecting a ceramic coating and describes the characteristics of various coating materials, namely, silicate glasses, oxides, carbides, silicides, and cermets. It reviews ceramic coating methods: brushing, spraying, dipping, flow coating, combustion flame spraying, plasma-arc flame spraying, detonation gun spraying, pack cementation, fluidized-bed deposition, vapor streaming, troweling, and electrophoresis. The article also includes information on the evaluation of the quality of ceramic coatings.
Heparin-binding angiogenesis factors: detection by immunological methods. (1987)

Immunological methods for the detection of basic fibroblast growth (FGF) are described. Polyclonal antibodies directed against synthetic peptides representing amino-, internal, and carboxy-terminal regions of basic FGF, were raised in rabbits. Five techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot, electrophoretic transfer (Western) blot, immunoprecipitation and radioimmunoassay, were used to detect basic FGF. These techniques were used to demonstrate that a human hepatoma cell line synthesizes a growth factor structurally related to brain and pituitary basic FGF.
Class II Recombinant Phosphoribosyl Diphosphate Synthase from Spinach (2001)

A recombinant form of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP) synthase isozyme 3 resembling the presumed mature enzyme has been synthesized in an Escherichia coli strain in which the endogenous PRPP synthase gene was deleted, and has been purified to near homogeneity. Contrary to other PRPP synthases the activity of spinach PRPP synthase isozyme 3 is independent of P(i), and the enzyme is inhibited by ribonucleoside diphosphates in a purely competitive manner, which indicates a lack of allosteric inhibition by these compounds. In addition spinach PRPP synthase isozyme 3 shows an unusual low specificity toward diphosphoryl donors by accepting dATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP in addition to ATP. The kinetic mechanism of the enzyme is an ordered steady state Bi Bi mechanism with K(ATP) and K(Rib-5-P) values of 170 and 110 micrometer, respectively, and a V(max) value of 13.1 micromol (min x mg of protein)(-1). The enzyme has an absolute requirement for magnesium ions, and maximal activity is obtained at 40 degrees C at pH 7.6.
Surgical Videos for Accident Analysis, Performance Improvement, and Complication Prevention (2011)

Conventional audit of surgical records through review of surgical results provides useful knowledge but hardly helps identify the technical reasons lying behind specific outcomes or complications. Surgical teams not only need to know that a complication might happen but also how and when it is most likely to happen. Functional awareness is therefore needed to prevent complications, know how to deal with them, and improve overall surgical performance. The authors wish to argue that the systematic recording and reviewing of surgical videos, a "surgical black box," might improve surgical care, help prevent complications, and allow accident analysis. A possible strategy to test this hypothesis is presented and discussed. Recording and reviewing surgical interventions, apart from helping us achieve functional awareness and increasing the safety profile of our performance, allows us also to effectively share our experience with colleagues. The authors believe that those potential implications make this hypothesis worth testing.
A CMOS ASIC time-to-digital converter for short time interval measurements (2003)

The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using CMOS ASIC technology to construct accurate time-interval-measurement devices, for which ECL (emitter-coupled-logic) technology is normally used because of its better stability. The accuracy of the time-to-digital converter constructed for the averaging of 10/sup 6/ measurement results is estimated to be about 6.7 ps, which corresponds to a distance accuracy of 1 mm in laser rangefinding applications. This was achieved using only a 50-MHz external clock frequency, which was effectively tripled using three-phase clocking. The large timing jitter typical of CMOS technology, caused by supply noise, was suppressed by careful layout and a very forgiving averaging algorithm. It was found that phase errors in the three-phase oscillator do not bias the measurement result. Some jitter is needed in the repetition rate of the measurements, however, for reliable averaging of the results. The measurement speed was limited by the external computer, but automatic accumulation of 64 successive measurements helped to reduce the time required to obtain 10/sup 6/ measurements from 10 min to 20 s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors (2010)

Abstract In this review, the applications of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) materials in the area of electrochemical sensors have been explored. The designs of the MIPs containing different polymers, their preparation and their immobilization on the transducer surface have been discussed. Further, the employment of various transducers containing the MIPs based on different electrochemical techniques for determining analytes has been assessed. In addition, the general protocols for getting the electrochemical signal based on the binding ability of analyte with the MIPs have been given. The review ends with describing scope and limitations of the above electrochemical based MIP sensors.
Characterization of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Subspecies I Genovars by Use of Microarrays (2004)

Subspecies 1 of Salmonella enterica is responsible for almost all Salmonella infections of warm-blooded animals. Within subspecies 1 there are over 2,300 known serovars that differ in their prevalence and the diseases that they cause in different hosts. Only a few of these serovars are responsible for most Salmonella infections in humans and domestic animals. The gene contents of 79 strains from the most prevalent serovars were profiled by microarray analysis. Strains within the same serovar often differed by the presence and absence of hundreds of genes. Gene contents sometimes differed more within a serovar than between serovars. Groups of strains that share a distinct profile of gene content can be referred to as "genovars" to distinguish them from serovars. Several misassignments within the Salmonella reference B collection were detected by genovar typing and were subsequently confirmed serologically. Just as serology has proved useful for understanding the host range and pathogenic manifestations of Salmonella, genovars are likely to further define previously unrecognized specific features of Salmonella infections.
Generalized multiple sweep measurement (2009)

A system identification by impulse response measurements with multiple sound source configurations can benefit greatly from time-efficient measurement procedures. An optimized method by interleaving and overlapping of multiple exponential sweeps (MESM) used as excitation signals was presented by Majdak et al. (2007). For single system identifications, however, much higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) can be reached with sweeps whose magnitude spectra are adapted to the background noise spectrum of the acoustical environment, as proposed by Müller & Massarani (2001). We investigated on which conditions and to what extent the efficiency of multiple sweep measurements can be increased by using arbitrary, spectrally adapted sweeps. An extension of the MESM approach towards generalized sweep spectra is presented, along with a recommended measurement procedure and a prediction of the efficiency of multiple sweep measurements depending on typical measurement conditions.
Current sharing of redundant synchronous buck regulators powering high performance microprocessors using the V/sup 2/ control method (2002)

Powering the latest microprocessor systems requiring supply voltages of 2 V or less and step loads in excess of 50 A has provided a challenge to the power supply system designer. Redundant, current sharing synchronous buck regulators are an attractive solution to meet the constraints of cost, efficiency and reliability. This paper describes a simple approach based on droop sharing and the V/sup 2/ control method.
Location of epitopes on the major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus (1990)

Antibody-binding sites were mapped on all overlapping nonapeptides of the major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) using murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and sheep and rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against HIV-1/H9 (strain IIIB) viral lysate and antibodies obtained from humans infected with HIV-1. The binding sites were mapped to various distinct regions of this protein. After superimposition of the antibody-binding sites on a proposed model of p24 of HIV-1, these sites appeared to be located on the surface of the protein on loops, turns and coils of p24 but, unexpectedly, not on the major part of the predicted 'puff'. Little reaction was found with the inaccessible anti-parallel beta-barrel. These results are the first experimental evidence for the validity of the structure proposed for p24 of HIV-1.
Integration of interpersonal space and shared workspace (1993)

We describe the evolution of the novel shared drawing medium ClearBoard which was designed to seamlessly integrate an interpersonal space and a shared workspace. ClearBoard permits coworkers in two locations to draw with color markers or with electronic pens and software tools while maintaining direct eye contact and the ability to employ natural gestures. The ClearBoard design is based on the key metaphor of “talking through and drawing on a transparent glass window.” We describe the evolution from ClearBoard-1 (which enables shared video drawing) to ClearBoard-2 (which incorporates TeamPaint, a multiuser paint editor). Initial observations and findings gained through the experimental use of the prototype, including the feature of “gaze awareness,” are discussed. Further experiments are conducted with ClearBoard-0 (a simple mockup), ClearBoard-1, and an actual desktop as a control. In the settings we examined, the ClearBoard environment led to more eye contact and potential awareness of collaborator's gaze direction over the traditional desktop environment.