gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Projected Residual Vector Quantization for ANN Search (2014)

In this research, we propose Projected Residual Vector Quantization (PRVQ) to deal with the problem of large-scale approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in a high-dimensional space. A lot of quantization-based ANN search algorithms have been proposed in the past few years. However, most of the existing methods discard the projection errors generated in the dimension reduction process, which inevitably decreases the search accuracy. In view of that, the authors propose a method of projected residual vector quantization for ANN search that considers the projection errors in the quantization process. They also design three simple and effective optimization strategies to improve the performance of the PRVQ algorithm. The authors have integrated the proposed PRVQ algorithm into a mobile landmark recognition system to prove its effectiveness.
Precoded generalised frequency division multiplexing system to combat inter‐carrier interference: performance analysis (2015)

The expected operating scenarios of fifth‐generation (5G) pose a great challenge to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing which has poor out of band spectral properties, stringent synchronisation requirements and large symbol duration. Generalised frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) which is the focus of this work has been suggested in the literature as one of the possible solutions to meet 5G requirements. In this study, the analytical performance evaluation of minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver for GFDM is presented. The authors also proposed precoding techniques to enhance the performance of GFDM. A simplified expression of signal‐to‐interference and noise ratio (SINR) for MMSE receiver of GFDM is derived using special properties related to the modulation matrix of GFDM, which are described in this study. This SINR is used to evaluate the bit error rate performance. Precoding schemes are proposed to reduce complexity of GFDM–MMSE receiver without compromising on the performance. Block inverse discrete Fourier transform (BIDFT) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT)‐based precoding schemes are found to outperform GFDM–MMSE receiver due to frequency diversity gain while having complexity similar to zero‐forcing receiver of GFDM. It is shown that both BIDFT‐ and DFT‐based precoding schemes reduce peak‐to‐average power ratio significantly. Computational complexities of different transmitters and receivers of precoded and uncoded GFDM are also presented.
High stability soliton frequency-shifting mechanisms for laser synchronization applications (2012)

We analyze frequency-shifting mechanisms in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). In contrast to the generally used approach of launching pulses in the negative group velocity dispersion (GVD) region of PCFs, we suggest employing a fiber with a higher zero dispersion wavelength that is pumped in the positive GVD region. Results of a numerical optimization reveal that the amplitude stability of the frequency-shifted pulses can be improved by more than 1 order of magnitude and the timing jitter arising from input fluctuations by 2 orders of magnitude by a proper choice of the fiber dispersion. The presented approach and optimization will improve the performance of timing- and amplitude-sensitive applications, such as nonlinear microscopy and spectroscopy or optical synchronization for optical parametric chirped pulse amplification significantly.
Interaction Between Arterial and Freeway Performance: Case Study (2009)

Traffic congestion is a phenomenon common to everyone's daily lives and has great costs to society. A better understanding of the interaction between freeway and arterial performance may help traffic engineers and researchers improve the operation of existing facilities, and deploy better traffic controls to improve the usage of existing road capacity within a traffic network. In this study, travel time was chosen as the performance measurement and estimated by the loop detectors on freeways and arterials. The authors proposed a novel approach to evaluate the interaction between freeway and arterial performance. The approach is able to identify freeway and arterial travel time pattern similarities via template matching techniques commonly used in computer vision. The interaction was quantified using conditional probability theory and was well- represented by the conditional probability tables. The City of Bellevue, Washington was selected as a case study site. Three freeways and four adjacent major arterials were selected as study routes. The analysis techniques and results allow traffic analysts to more comprehensively observe the interaction between freeway and arterial performance. This approach can also be easily applied to any city’s freeway-arterial network.
Impact of Exploratory Biomarkers on the Treatment Effect of Bevacizumab in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2011)

These retrospective subset analyses suggest that expression of Dll4, VEGF-C, and neuropilin-1 may predict benefit from bevacizumab. Such observations are not conclusive but warrant additional testing.
Wind-tunnel investigation of a small-scale model of an aerial vehicle supported by ducted fans (1960)

A wind-tunnel investigation has been made to study the longitudinalstability and pitching-moment characteristics and the power requirements of a simplified model of an aerial vehicle supported by ducted fans.The model had two ducted fans which were fixed with respect to the airframe so that their axes of revolution were vertical for hovering flight.Tests performed on the basic model in the tandem and side-by-side configurations indicated that the pitching moment and tilt angle required for trim at for-dard speeds were of such magnitude as to limit seriously t.he usefulness of a machine of this type.The pitching izoizerit uid the tilt angle were fumd to be greater I"0i-thz side-by-side arrangement than for the tandem arrangement at any given forward speed, but tne power required for the side-by-side configuration was somewhat less.A system of turning vanes beneath the forward duct of the tandem configuration to turn the propeller slipstream rearward caused reductions in both trim pitching moment and tilt angle required in forward flight, but vane deflections large enough to produce any appreciable beneficial effects on pitching moment and tilt angle apparently entail a power penaity which may be u c a c c c p t & l y high.The model possessed stability with speed and iristability w i t h angle of attack for all configurations tested.
Maintenance of cardiac energy metabolism by histone deacetylase 3 in mice (2008)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show remarkable therapeutic potential for a variety of disorders, including cancer, neurological disease, and cardiac hypertrophy. However, the specific HDAC isoforms that mediate their actions are unclear, as are the physiological and pathological functions of individual HDACs in vivo. To explore the role of Hdac3 in the heart, we generated mice with a conditional Hdac3 null allele. Although global deletion of Hdac3 resulted in lethality by E9.5, mice with a cardiac-specific deletion of Hdac3 survived until 3-4 months of age. At this time, they showed massive cardiac hypertrophy and upregulation of genes associated with fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation accompanied by fatty acid-induced myocardial lipid accumulation and elevated triglyceride levels. These abnormalities in cardiac metabolism can be attributed to excessive activity of the nuclear receptor PPARalpha. The phenotype associated with cardiac-specific Hdac3 gene deletion differs from that of all other Hdac gene mutations. These findings reveal a unique role for Hdac3 in maintenance of cardiac function and regulation of myocardial energy metabolism.
Recombinant human chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 (1991)

Vectors for expressing human chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 in bacterial cultures under the control of the temperature-inducible lambda PL promoter have been constructed. The open reading frames of the cDNAs have been amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), utilizing amplimers containing desired restriction sites, thereby facilitating precise location of the initiation codon downstream from a ribosomal binding site. Expression of the recombinant proteins does not significantly affect bacterial growth. The rate of synthesis of the recombinant proteins is maximal during the initial stages of induction and slows down appreciably with time. After an initial burst of protein synthesis, the level of the recombinant protein in the bacterial extracts remains constant at different times following induction. Methods for rapid extraction and purification of the recombinant proteins are described. The recombinant proteins are compared to the proteins isolated from eucaryotic cells by electrophoretic mobility, Western analysis and nucleosome core mobility-shift assays. The ability of the proteins to shift the mobility of the nucleosome cores, but not that of DNA, can be used as a functional assay for these HMG proteins. A source for large quantities of human chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 will facilitate studies on their structure, cellular function and mechanism of interaction with nucleosomes.
Growth characterization of electron-beam-induced silver deposition from liquid precursor (2012)

Deposits of aggregated silver particles were grown from aqueous silver-nitrate solution by electron-beam induced deposition in a liquid cell in a scanning electron microscope. Electron energies of 2, 5, and 20 keV were evaluated and found to produce distinguishably different deposits. Optimal energies exist for maximum growth rate and for minimum feature sizes. The physical structure of the deposits was found to evolve with increasing thickness as silver particles grow larger and develop more structure. Optical absorbance measurements and Raman spectroscopy on adsorbed dye suggest appropriate silver purity for using this fabrication method in nano-optics applications.
Outcomes of irradiated polyglactin 910 Vicryl Rapide fast-absorbing suture in oral and scalp wounds. (1999)

Irradiated polyglactin 910 Vicryl Rapide is a useful suture material with both intra- and extraoral applications in the pediatric and adult populations.
On software component co-installability (2013)

Modern software systems are built by composing components drawn from large repositories , whose size and complexity is increasing at a very fast pace. A fundamental challenge for the maintainability and the scalability of such software systems is the ability to quickly identify the components that can or cannot be installed together: this is the co-installability problem, which is related to boolean satisfiability and is known to be algorithmically hard. This article develops a novel theoretical framework, based on formally certified semantic preserving graph-theoretic transformations, that allows us to associate to each concrete component repository a much smaller one with a simpler structure, that we call strongly flat , with equivalent co-installability properties. This flat repository can be displayed in a way that provides a concise view of the co-installability issues in the original repository, or used as a basis for various algorithms related to co-installability, like the efficient computation of strong conflicts between components. The proofs contained in this work have been machine checked using the Coq proof assistant.
Zeatin Prevents Amyloid <i>β</i> -Induced Neurotoxicity and Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits (2009)

The antioxidative and protective effects of zeatin against amyloid beta-protein (Abeta)-induced neurotoxicity were investigated using PC12 cells. Zeatin showed antioxidative and cell protective effects against Abeta-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we also evaluated the effect of zeatin on learning and memory capacity in vivo using ICR mice with amnesia induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg of body weight). Zeatin, when administered to mice at 4.5 mg/kg of body weight, significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia as measured in both the passive avoidance test and Y-maze test. Injecting mice with scopolamine impaired performance on the passive avoidance test (48 +/- 4.5% decrease) and on the Y-maze test (12 +/- 1.3% decrease). In contrast, mice treated with zeatin before scopolamine injections were protected from these changes (5-34% decrease in step-through latency; 1-4% decrease in alternation behavior). The present results suggest a possible chemopreventive role of zeatin in Alzheimer's disease.
A Nerve Cuff Electrode for Controlled Reshaping of Nerve Geometry (2008)

The purpose of this study is the development of a nerve electrode that reorganizes nerve geometry slowly and controllably. The Flat Interface Nerve Electrode (FINE) can reshape the nerve into an elongated oval and provide selective stimulation. However, the rate of closure of this electrode is difficult to control. The Slowly Closing - FINE (SC-FINE) is designed with an opening height larger than the size of the nerve to accommodate initial swelling. The electrode closes slowly to reshape the nerve into the desired flat geometry. The SC-FINE is created by combining the reshaping properties of the FINE and the controllable degradation of Poly (DL lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA). Bonding 50/50 or 65/35 PLGA to a stretched FINE increased the opening heights (OH) on average from 0.1 mm to 1.66 +/- 0.45 and 2.05 +/- 0.55 mm respectively. The addition of the PLGA films controls the time course of closure over a period of 16 +/- 1 days and 14 to 16 hours for the 50/50 and 65/35 SC-FINEs respectively in vitro. An in vivo chronic experiment using 50/50 SC-FINEs implanted in 28 rats with an average OH of 1.87 +/- 0.34 mm show that the reshaping periods in vivo and in vitro are similar.
Identification of SERPINB1 As a Physiological Inhibitor of Human Granzyme H (2012)

The granzyme/perforin pathway is a major mechanism for cytotoxic lymphocytes to eliminate virus-infected and tumor cells. The balance between activation and inhibition of the proteolytic cascade must be tightly controlled to avoid self damage. Granzyme H (GzmH) is constitutively expressed in NK cells and induces target cell death; however, how GzmH activity is regulated remains elusive. We reported earlier the crystal structures of inactive D102N-GzmH alone and in complex with its synthetic substrate and inhibitor, as well as defined the mechanisms of substrate recognition and enzymatic activation. In this study, we identified SERPINB1 as a potent intracellular inhibitor for GzmH. Upon cleavage of the reactive center loop at Phe(343), SERPINB1 forms an SDS-stable covalent complex with GzmH. SERPINB1 overexpression suppresses GzmH- or LAK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We determined the crystal structures of active GzmH and SERPINB1 (LM-DD mutant) in the native conformation to 3.0- and 2.9-Å resolution, respectively. Molecular modeling reveals the possible conformational changes in GzmH for the suicide inhibition. Our findings provide new insights into the inhibitory mechanism of SERPINB1 against human GzmH.
Novel N-Linked Aminopiperidine Inhibitors of Bacterial Topoisomerase Type II with Reduced p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>: Antibacterial Agents with an Improved Safety Profile (2012)

Novel non-fluoroquinolone inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) are of interest for the development of new antibacterial agents that are not impacted by target-mediated cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones. N-Linked amino piperidines, such as 7a, generally show potent antibacterial activity, including against quinolone-resistant isolates, but suffer from hERG inhibition (IC(50) = 44 μM for 7a) and QT prolongation in vivo. We now disclose the finding that new analogues of 7a with reduced pK(a) due to substitution with an electron-withdrawing substituent in the piperidine moiety, such as R,S-7c, retained the Gram-positive activity of 7a but showed significantly less hERG inhibition (IC(50) = 233 μM for R,S-7c). This compound exhibited moderate clearance in dog, promising efficacy against a MRSA strain in a mouse infection model, and an improved in vivo QT profile as measured in a guinea pig in vivo model. As a result of its promising activity, R,S-7c was advanced into phase I clinical studies.
Polarization sensitivity of a silica waveguide thermooptic phase shifter for planar lightwave circuits (1992)

A thermooptic (TO) phase shifter, which consists of a thin-film heater loaded on a silica-based single-mode waveguide on a Si substrate, was found to exhibit a sli1h,t polarization dependence of about 3.1% between the TE and TM modes. This dependence, which is caused by anisotropic stress concentration due to local heating, was successfully reduced by forming stress-releasing grooves on either side of the heater.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Coaxial Magnetic Gears With Different Topologies (2009)

This paper quantitatively compares two coaxial magnetic gears (CMGs) with different topologies, namely, the CMG installed with radially magnetized permanent magnets (CMGRM) and the CMG installed with Halbach magnetized permanent magnets (CMGHM). By using the 3D finite element method, the end-effect and the performances of both CMGs are investigated. Analysis results show that the CMGHM can offer higher pull-out torque, lower torque ripple and lower iron losses than the CMGRM. Experimental results are also given for verification.
Nomenclature, stratigraphy, chemical fingerprinting, and areal distribution of some Middle Ordovician K‐bentonites in Baltoscandia (1995)

Abstract Based on biostratigraphic position, chemical fingerprinting, and lithic characteristics such as relative thickness, several of the numerous K‐bentonite beds, or complexes of beds, in the Middle Ordovician of Baltoscandia are shown to be traceable over large areas. Because the type of volcanic eruptions that produced such widespread ash beds lasts only a short time (a couple of weeks, or less), the individual ash layers represent as close equivalents of time planes as one is likely to find in the Lower Paleozoic stratigraphic record. Although these clay beds were recorded in section descriptions as far back as in the 1880's, their volcanic nature was recognized in Baltoscandia only in the mid‐1940's. Subsequent research has added important data on the occurrence and chemical composition of the Middle Ordovician K‐bentonites, but the present study is the first detailed regional investigation of these beds across their entire distribution area in Baltoscandia. Four beds, or complexes of beds (the Grefsen, Sinsen, Kinnekulle, and Grimstorp K‐bentonites), are formally named and traced from Norway to Ingria in westernmost Russia. Type sections are proposed, and the biostratigraphic position of each unit is established in terms of standard conodont, graptolite, and chitinozoan zonal units. Trace element study of many samples indicates that the named beds and bed complexes have individual geochemical signatures and can be separated by chemical fingerprinting. Thus far, only one of the many Baltoscandic ash beds, the Kinnekulle K‐bentonite, has been correlated to North America but investigation of melt inclusion chemistry in quartz phenocrysts may lead to trans‐Atlantic recognition of additional beds. Bergström, S.M., Huff, W.D., Kolata, D.R. & Bauert, H., 1995: Nomenclature, stratigraphy, chemical fingerprinting, and areal distribution of some Middle Ordovician K‐bentonites in Baltoscandia. GFF, Vol. 117 (Pt. 1, March), pp. 1–13. Stockholm. ISSN 1103–5897.
Hybrid Reflector-Array Antenna Concept (2006)

This paper describes a concept for a hybrid antenna that combines the conventional reflector with an array of printed circuit elements that uses the reflector surface as the array aperture. The objective is to increase the gain and the functionality of the antenna by reusing the conical surface of the reflector as a direct radiating array. The reflector surface can be a single parabolic or a dual reflector surface that uses a combination of conical surfaces. The main reflector surface may contain a conformal printed circuit array with spacing between the conductive elements such that the reflector function is not affected. The gain of the hybrid antenna in a Cassegrain configuration will be a function of the gains of the reflector and the array. The combined gain is reduced by combiner (divider) and blockage losses. The enhanced gain is afforded by magnifying the aperture of one element in the printed array through the reflector system and adding its radiation coherently with that of the direct radiating array. The elements of the printed circuit conformal array are fed with the right phase progression to account for the non-planar surface shape. The paper describes four different arrangements for the hybrid antenna: combined-aperture antennas, dual-band antenna, transmit/receive antenna and dual-beam antenna. Other arrangements can be devised
Pore‐space characterization of an altered tonalite by X‐ray computed microtomography and the<sup>14</sup>C‐labeled‐polymethylmethacrylate method (2011)

The structure of geological materials strongly affects migration processes that take place in them and are also important in their weathering and alteration processes. Further information of that structure will also be important for many applications that involve geological materials. The emphasis of this study was thus to characterize the pore structure and porosity of altered tonalite by combining different measuring techniques: X‐ray tomography, the 14 C‐polymethylmethacrylate method, electron microscopy, and argon pycnometry. Intragranular porosities were determined using chemical staining of rock surfaces. Three‐dimensional distributions of minerals and porosities were evaluated with consistent values for the total porosity. Porosity and pore size distributions together with pore connectivities were also determined. Combining the results of different methods, a 3‐D porosity map was outlined for one sample. This porosity map enabled us to model, for example, diffusion in a more realistic environment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the minerals and to obtain information on mineral texture and alteration state. The methods introduced here can be applied to many porous materials.
ENORM: A Framework For Edge NOde Resource Management (2017)

Current computing techniques using the cloud as a centralised server will become untenable as billions of devices get connected to the Internet. This raises the need for fog computing, which leverages computing at the edge of the network on nodes, such as routers, base stations and switches, along with the cloud. However, to realise fog computing the challenge of managing edge nodes will need to be addressed. This paper is motivated to address the resource management challenge. We develop the first framework to manage edge nodes, namely the Edge NOde Resource Management (ENORM) framework. Mechanisms for provisioning and auto-scaling edge node resources are proposed. The feasibility of the framework is demonstrated on a PokeMon Go-like online game use-case. The benefits of using ENORM are observed by reduced application latency between 20% - 80% and reduced data transfer and communication frequency between the edge node and the cloud by up to 95\%. These results highlight the potential of fog computing for improving the quality of service and experience.