gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroluminescence of Diffused GaAs1 − <i>x</i>P<i>x</i> Diodes with Low Donor Concentrations (1969)

The optical and electrical properties of electroluminescent diodes formed by Zn diffusion into vapor epitaxially grown substrates with donor concentrations in the range 1016–1017 cm−3 have been studied. This doping range, which is somewhat lower than has been previously investigated in the GaAs1−xPx alloy system, has been found to be the optimum range for the fabrication of high efficiency diodes. The spectral emission is appreciably different than has been previously observed. Throughout the alloy composition range at 300° and 77°K a high energy peak occurs within ∼20 meV of the conduction bandedge, and at 77°K a second peak ∼30 meV lower in energy is present. Donor-acceptor-pair recombination peaks similar to those observed in GaP, located ∼0.1 and ∼0.37 eV below the bandedge, are found to occur and remain the same distance below the bandedge throughout the indirect region of alloy composition. At 300°K direct recombination from the higher lying k = 0 minimum is observed to persist into the indirect gap alloy composition region. Diode fabrication techniques were found to have a strong effect on the shape of the spectral emission curves.
A power supply circuit for gate driver of GaN-based flying capacitor multi-level converters (2016)

Recently, flying capacitor multi-level (FCML) converters with GaN power switches have received increased attention due to their potential to achieve high efficiency and high power density. However, one of the major challenges is providing power to the gate drive circuits, most of which are not ground referenced. The most common existing method utilizes isolated DC/DC converters, which are bulky, expensive and energy inefficient. This work introduces two new techniques that leverage inherent properties of the FCML topology and the GaN switches to provide gate drive power to the floating switches with minimum hardware requirements. The two methods, termed cascaded bootstrap and gate driven charge pump, are analyzed in details and their performance evaluated. A new power supply circuit combining the two techniques can help shrink the size of the converter, and further increase the converter's power density. Experimental results show that the proposed circuit is up to 5× more power efficient than conventional solutions, at 1/10 of the cost.
400V MOS IC for EL display (1981)

A NUMBER of MOS developments have been attempted to provide operation at voltages higher than 200V1-5. Among these, DSA6 MOST seem to have a promising future. This paper will describe a high voltage, DSA MOS IC which operates in excess of 400V. It was designed as a driver for electroluminescent displays . Low voltage logic and thirty-two high-voltage output transistors are integrated on a single chip. The device consists of a pair of layers patterned as concentric conductive annular strips above which a layer of metal with a circular gap is deposited. This configuration and final passivation over the metal layer permit encapsulation in a plastic package. The high voltage DSA MOST was proposed earlier with a 71 substrate, a Diffusion-Self-Aligned structure, lightly doped drift region(N-), and a field plate extended from the draine lectrode1 The drift region of this device was not covered by field plates; i.e., an offset gate structure. If the field plate is extended to cover all of the drift region in these devices, the electric field at the edge of the drift region will be enhanced and the breakdown voltage reduced.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor/Fibroblast Growth Factor-7-regulated Cell Migration and Invasion through Activation of NF-κB Transcription Factors (2007)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)/fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7) is a paracrine- and epithelium-specific growth factor produced by cells of mesenchymal origin. It acts exclusively through FGF-7 receptor (FGFR2/IIIb), which is expressed predominantly by epithelial cells, but not by fibroblasts, suggesting that it might function as a paracrine mediator of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. KGF/FGF-7 plays an essential role in the growth of epithelial cells and is frequently overexpressed in cancers of epithelial origin such as pancreatic cancer, switching paracrine stimulation of KGF/FGF-7 to an autocrine loop. Less is known, however, about the signaling pathways by which KGF/FGF-7 regulates the response of epithelial cells. To delineate the signaling pathways activated by KGF/FGF-7 and examine cellular response to KGF/FGF-7 stimulation, we performed functional analysis of KGF/FGF-7 action. In this report, we show that KGF/FGF-7 activated nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), which in turn induced expression of VEGF, MMP-9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator and increased migration and invasion of KGF/FGF-7-stimulated human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Expression of phosphorylation-defective IkappaBalpha (IkappaBalphaS32A,S36A), which blocked NF-kappaB activation, inhibited KGF/FGF-7-induced gene expression and cell migration and invasion. Our results demonstrate for the first time that KGF/FGF-7 induces NF-kappaB activation and that NF-kappaB plays an essential role in regulation of KGF/FGF-7-inducible gene expression and KGF/FGF-7-initiated cellular responses. Thus, these findings identify one signaling pathway for KGF/FGF-7-regulated cell migration and invasion and suggest that paracrine sources of KGF/FGF-7 are one of the malignancy-contributing factors from tumor stroma.
Infrasound and the Avian Navigational Map (2000)

ABSTRACT Birds can navigate accurately over hundreds to thousands of kilometres, and this ability of homing pigeons is the basis for a worldwide sport. Compass senses orient avian flight, but how birds determine their location in order to select the correct homeward bearing (map sense) remains a mystery. Also mysterious are rare disruptions of pigeon races in which most birds are substantially delayed and large numbers are lost. Here, it is shown that in four recent pigeon races in Europe and the northeastern USA the birds encountered infrasonic (low-frequency acoustic) shock waves from the Concorde supersonic transport. An acoustic avian map is proposed that consists of infrasonic cues radiated from steep-sided topographic features; the source of these signals is microseisms continuously generated by interfering oceanic waves. Atmospheric processes affecting these infrasonic map cues can explain perplexing experimental results from pigeon releases.
Electron Beam Propagation in a Plasma (1988)

Electron beam propagation in a fully ionized plasma has been studied using a one-dimensional particle simulation model. We compare the results of electrostatic simulations to those of electromagnetic simulations. The electrostatic results show the essential features of beam-plasma instability which accelerates ambient plasmas. The results also show the heating of ambient plasmas and the trapping of plasmas due to the locally generated electric field. The level of the radiation generated by the same non-relativistic beam is slightly higher than the noise level. We discuss the results in context of the heating of coronal plasma during solar flares.
Hybrid Nanotransport System by Biomolecular Linear Motors (2004)

We have demonstrated a novel micro/nanotransport system using biomolecular motors driven by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). For the driving mechanism, microtubule-kinesin system, which is one of the linear biomolecular motor systems was investigated. ATP dissolved in an aqueous condition is hydrolyzed to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to energize the bionanoactuators in this mechanism. This means the system does not require an external electrical or mechanical energy source. Therefore, a purely chemical system which is similar to the in vivo transport will be realized. This paper reports some fundamental studies to integrate biomaterials and MEMS. The microtubules, or rail molecules, were patterned on a glass substrate with poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) using a regular soft lithography technique. Microbeads (320 nm in diameter) and a micromachined structure (2/spl times/3 /spl mu/m, 2 /spl mu/m in thickness) coated with kinesin molecules were transported along the microtubules at an average speed of 476/spl plusmn/56 and 308 nm/s, respectively. While ATP injection activated the transport system we have also managed to provide repetitive on/off control using hexokinase as an inhibitor. For the minimum response time in the repetitive control, the optimized concentration for ATP was 10/sup 2/ /spl mu/M and 10/sup 3/ U/L for hexokinase.
Engineering and Analysis of a Self-Sufficient Biosynthetic Cytochrome P450 PikC Fused to the RhFRED Reductase Domain (2007)

Cytochrome P450 enzymes mediate important oxidative processes in biological systems including regio- and stereospecific hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions. The inherent requirement of these biomolecules for separate redox partner(s) significantly limits their application in biotechnology. To address this challenge, naturally occurring and/or bioengineered self-sufficient P450 systems with covalently fused redox partners have been utilized to harness their catalytic power. In this study, we describe the first in vitro characterization of a bacterial biosynthetic cytochrome P450 PikC fused to a heterologous reductase domain RhFRED that demonstrates single-component self-sufficiency. This novel fusion system not only produces a more active and effective biocatalyst but also suggests a general design for a universal reductase to generate diverse self-sufficient fusions for functional identification or industrial applications of biosynthetic P450s.
Bumblebee foraging and floral scent dimorphism: <i>Bombus kirbyellus</i> Curtis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and <i>Polemonium viscosum</i> Nutt. (Polemoniaceae) (1983)

Plants of Polemonium viscosum have either sweet- or skunky-scented flowers. In this paper we examine the relationship between floral scent and visitation by the principal pollinator, Bombus kirbyellus. Field observations of nectar collecting bumblebee queens showed that bees visited plants with sweet-scented flowers significantly more often than those with skunky scent and tended to visit more flowers per inflorescence of sweet than of skunky scent. These observations agree with results from preference tests with captive bees foraging under controlled conditions on enclosed arrays of the two scent morphs. In experimental trials, bee orientation on the initial visit to the array and on visits between plants within the array favored sweet-scented inflorescences. Bees moved on the grid in such a way that skunky-scented nearest neighbors were undervisited, while sweet-scented flowers were visited more often than expected. In one set of trials, sucrose solution was added to flowers in order to compensate for natural standing crop variation. This treatment did not reduce bumblebee preference for the sweet scent morph nor alter the movement patterns of bees on the grid. Hence, in this system, floral visitation pattern appears to be influenced more strongly by scent than by nectar level.
The United States Mounted Ranger Battalion, 1832-1833 (1954)

Journal Article The United States Mounted Ranger Battalion, 1832–1833 Get access Otis E. Young Otis E. Young Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 41, Issue 3, December 1954, Pages 453–472, https://doi.org/10.2307/1897493 Published: 01 December 1954
<i>In situ</i>tensile testing of individual Co nanowires inside a scanning electron microscope (2009)

Uniaxial quasi-static tensile testing on individual nanocrystalline Co nanowires (NWs), synthesized by electrochemical deposition process (EDP) in porous templates, was performed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using a microfabricated tensile stage consisting of a comb drive actuator and a clamped-clamped beam force sensor. A 'three-beam structure' was fabricated by focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID) on the stage, from which the specimen elongation and the tensile force could be measured simultaneously from SEM images at high magnification. A novel strategy of modifying device topography, e.g. in the form of trenches and pillars, was proposed to facilitate in situ SEM pick-and-place nanomanipulation, which could achieve a high yield of about 80% and reduce the difficulties in specimen preparation for tensile testing at the nanoscale. The measured apparent Young's modulus (75.3 +/- 14.6) GPa and tensile strength (1.6 +/- 0.4) GPa are significantly lower than the bulk modulus and the theoretical strength of monocrystalline samples, respectively. This result is important for designing Co NW-based devices. The origins of these distinctions are discussed in terms of the stiffnesses of the soldering portions, specimen misalignment, microstructure of the NWs and the experimental measurement uncertainty.
Synthesis and Applications of Binaphthylic C<sub>2</sub>-Symmetry Derivatives as Chiral Auxiliaries in Enantioselective Reactions (1992)

In this review, after a general introduction devoted to show the importance of the role played by C 2-symmetry chiral auxiliaries to provide high levels of stereoselection, a complete survey of the preparation and use of optically active 1,1′-binaphthyl derivatives as chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric synthesis is attempted. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis and Applications of [1,1′-binaphthyl]-2,2′-diol (1) and Derivatives 2.1. Synthesis 2.2. Applications 2.2.1. Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones 2.2.2. Enantioselective Addition of Chiral Titanium Reagents to Aromatic Aldehydes 2.2.3. Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reactions 2.2.4. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Unsaturated Acids and Esters 2.2.5. Asymmetric Alkylation of Racemic Allylic Substrates 2.2.6. Crown Ethers Containing 1,1′-Binaphthylic Units 2.2.7. Stereoselective Polymerization 2.2.8. Asymmetric Ullmann Coupling Reactions 2.2.9. Asymmetric Alkylation of Arylacetic Acids 2.2.10. Asymmetric Cyclization 3. Synthesis and Applications of [1,1′-Binaphthyl]-2,2′-dithiol (2) 3.1. Synthesis 3.2. Applications 4. Synthesis and Applications of 2,2′-Bis(diarylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyls (BINAPs) 4.1. Synthesis 4.2. Applications 4.2.1. Rh(I)-BINAP Complexes 4.2.1.1. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Acylaminoacrylic Acids 4.2.1.2. Asymmetric Isomerization of Double Bonds 4.2.1.3. Asymmetric Hydroboration of Styrenes 4.2.2. Ru(II)-BINAP Complexes 4.2.2.1. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β- and β,γ-Unsaturated Acids 4.2.2.2. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of (Z)-2-Acyl-1-benzylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines 4.2.2.3. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Allylic Alcohols 4.2.2.4. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Chiral Allylic Secondary Alcohols 4.2.2.5. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Functionalized Ketones 4.2.2.6. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β-Oxoesters 4.2.2.7. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 1,3-Diketones 4.2.3. Pd-BINAP Complexes 5. Synthesis and Applications of [1,1′-Binaphthyl]-2,2′-diamine (4) and its Analogues 5.1. Synthesis 5.2. Applications 5.2.1. Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones 5.2.2. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Acylaminoacrylic Acids 5.2.3. Asymmetric Synthesis of Lactones 5.2.4. Asymmetric Alkylation of Aromatic Aldehydes Mediated by N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl[1,1′-binaphthyl]-2, 2′-diamine (51) 6. Some Other 1,1′-Binaphthyl Derivatives with C 2-Symmetry 6.1. 1,1′-Binaphthylic Substituted Tetramethylethylenediamine 6.2. 2,2′-Bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]-1,1′-binaphthyl [(S)-(-)-NAPHOS(1,1′)] 6.3. Miscellanea 7. Conclusions
Equivalent Circuit and Construction of Piezoelectric Vibratory Gyroscopes Using a Flexurally-Vibrating Resonator with a Square Cross Section (1991)

A flexurally-vibrating resonator with a square cross section can be applied to an angular rate sensor of a vibratory gyroscope. The relation between the two pairs of vibrational modes in the resonator is considered theoretically by an equivalent circuit considering coordinate transformation, to clarify a method of drive and detection of the resonator as a vibratory gyroscope. New construction and equivalent circuits of a piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope are proposed under the consideration.
Transplantation of Adult Mouse iPS Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors Restores Retinal Structure and Function in Degenerative Mice (2011)

This study was designed to determine whether adult mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), could be used to produce retinal precursors and subsequently photoreceptor cells for retinal transplantation to restore retinal function in degenerative hosts. iPSCs were generated using adult dsRed mouse dermal fibroblasts via retroviral induction of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, KLF4 and c-Myc. As with normal mouse ES cells, adult dsRed iPSCs expressed the pluripotency genes SSEA1, Oct4, Sox2, KLF4, c-Myc and Nanog. Following transplantation into the eye of immune-compromised retinal degenerative mice these cells proceeded to form teratomas containing tissue comprising all three germ layers. At 33 days post-differentiation a large proportion of the cells expressed the retinal progenitor cell marker Pax6 and went on to express the photoreceptor markers, CRX, recoverin, and rhodopsin. When tested using calcium imaging these cells were shown to exhibit characteristics of normal retinal physiology, responding to delivery of neurotransmitters. Following subretinal transplantation into degenerative hosts differentiated iPSCs took up residence in the retinal outer nuclear layer and gave rise to increased electro retinal function as determined by ERG and functional anatomy. As such, adult fibroblast-derived iPSCs provide a viable source for the production of retinal precursors to be used for transplantation and treatment of retinal degenerative disease.
USING ANTICIPATIVE AND COLLECTIVE STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE TOMONITORING STOCK MARKET: A GRENDENE'S CASE (2008)

This article describes a demonstration of the application
					L.E.SCAnning (LESCA, 2003) methodology in a study case conducted in
					Grendene S/A company, having with subject base the assessment of
					the shares available in the market, at October/2004 until
					September/2007, aiming to interpret future scenarios. The method is
					based in qualitative research exploratory, using informations
					collected during the period August/2007 until October/2007. The
					informations were organized by actor and subject, and, then,
					prepared by affinity, using the Puzzle tool to the elaboration of
					concepts. This work, taking in environment related to factors and
					important agents to evolution value of shares, shows that, applying
					the method and its concepts about weak signals in shares market is
					possible develop anticipative ideas.
Conditioning of natural gas using a nonequilibrium glow discharge. Final report, October 1990-October 1991 (1991)

Operation of an atmospheric pressure, natural gas glow discharge was performed. The objective was to increase radiant heat transfer from natural gas flames by either injecting soot directly in the flame or introducing gases with a greater tendency to soot. Gas chromatography shows that the discharge converted 25% of the methane to acetylene and significant quantities of soot and hydrogen. The product gas contained 10% acetylene due to its dilution by hydrogen. The discharge stability was increased by swirling the gas inflow to the reaction chamber which creates a rapidly rotating conical discharge region. A distinctive feature of the discharge is the intense light intensity for even small concentrations of natural gas in nitrogen. The discharge was also found to be an efficient means to electrically heat the gas. An attractive mode of operation is to place individual discharges as close to the burners as possible to reduce heat losses and reduce soot transport difficulties.
Sphingolipid Classes and Their Molecular Species in Wheat Flour (1985)

Journal Article Sphingolipid Classes and Their Molecular Species in Wheat Flour Get access Masao Ohnishi, Masao Ohnishi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seisuke Ito, Seisuke Ito Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuhiko Fujino Yasuhiko Fujino Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 12, 1 December 1985, Pages 3609–3611, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867316 Published: 01 December 1985 Article history Received: 02 July 1985 Published: 01 December 1985
Towards Accurate Estimation of Fingerprint Ridge Orientation Using BPNN and Ternarization (2013)

Accurate estimation of ridge orientation is a crucial step in fingerprint image enhancement because the performance of a minutiae extraction algorithm and matching heavily relies on the quality of the input fingerprint images, which in turn relies on proper estimation of ridge orientation. When ridge structure is not clear in a noisy fingerprint image, ridge orientation estimation becomes tough and it is considered as one of the most challenging tasks in fingerprint image enhancement process.
Blueprint of an ancestral neurosensory organ revealed in glial networks in human dental pulp (2011)

Sensory function of human dental pulp has long been known. A composite role has been suggested for odontoblasts as sensory cells in addition to the synthesis of dentinal matrix. However, the neural basis for such a composite sensory activity remains enigmatic. Here, we aimed to probe the question by pursuing an evolutionary logic; if dental pulp is a vestigial sensory organ co-opted to a function of synthesis of mineralized matrix, essential elements of neurosensory organs may persist in dental pulp. Through structural analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy, three distinct cell populations adjacent to odontoblasts, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)(+) seracytes, S100(+) telacytes, and HLA-II(+) alacytes were identified in peripheral human dental pulp. Subsequent molecular fingerprinting by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction established these cells as analogous to radial glia (GFAP(+) cells), astrocytes (S100(+) cells), and microglia (HLA-II(+) cells) of central nervous system organs. In the cell-rich zone of the pulp, S100(+) cells formed a network, ensheathed unmyelinated axons, and extended end-feet around the capillaries. The microcirculation adjacent to the glial cells in the cell-rich zone possessed ultrastructural features and a gene expression profile typical of the blood-brain barrier system. These novel findings support a new paradigm for understanding sensory functionality of dental pulp by the demonstration of a sophisticated neural structure in the human dental pulp that is analogous to other central sensory organs. Further, the structure that is revealed informs the concept of the evolutionary origin of the dental pulp, suggesting that a neurosensory organ was the precursor structure of teeth.
Thermo-optomechanical oscillator for sensing applications (2013)

We demonstrate a thermo-optomechanical oscillator based on high-Q optical resonance and study its application in sensing. The unique bifrequency oscillation that carries the signature of local thermo-optic and global thermo-mechanical effects is analyzed and characterized.