gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets: Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption Studies (HADS) on Nd<sub>16</sub>Fe<sub>76</sub>B<sub>8</sub> and Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B (1987)

The hydrogen absorption/desorption (HAD) behaviours of alloys based on Nd15Fe77B8 (Neomax composition) and the stoichiometric phase Nd2Fe14B have been examined in an attempt to relate these effects to the microstructures of these alloys. The HAD processes were studied by microbalance, Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and mass spectroscopy and these showed that the absorption process in the Nd16Fe76B8 alloy is multi-stage and occurs readily at room temperature. The Nd2Fe14B alloy on the other hand could not be activated at room temperature and hydrogen absorption could only be achieved at elevated temperatures. This confirmed the crucial role of the grain boundary phase(s) in the activation process of the Nd16Fe76B8 alloy. The mass spectroscopy/vacuum degassing studies showed a two stage desorption process whereby hydrogen was first desorbed from the matrix (Nd2Fe14B) phase and then from the grain boundaries. The mass spectroscopy peaks indicated that almost equal amounts of hydrogen were desorbed from the matrix and the grain boundary phases.
Abstract of Invited Speaker : Green Concept in Engineering Practice (2015)

In recent time, becoming green is not only a matter of compliance with regulations, however it is a matter of responding to the expectations and demands of our world, country, community, stockholders, customers, employees and competitors. These matters create tremendous pressure for companies to carry out their activities in a more environmental friendly.Being green requires the best engineering minds and commitment from the entire organization. Engineering is all about practicality finding solutions to improve theconditions. Excellent understanding of the fundamental engineering is a key to helping industrial activities tobecome greener and the engineers are in an ideal position to contribute in these activities, in term of development andimplementation of technologically sound, as well as cost- effective solutions.Green initiatives create big business opportunities in the order of trillions of dollars for innovative companies and engineers, in this decade. These business activities arestarted from research and development, plant design, plant construction and plant operation stage. This paper presents some ideas on how to implement the green concept in engineering activities. The case studies application ofgreen engineering in refinery crude preheat train and cement plant waste heat recovery generation are also presented
Real time PCR analyses of expression of E-cadherin, alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin in human breast cancer for predicting clinical outcome (2008)

Using real time quantitative PCR there was no difference in the expression of E-cadherin, alpha-, beta-, gamma-catenin between tumour and normal breast tissue. Furthermore, measurement of expression of these molecules was not of prognostic value in predicting long term outcome of women with breast cancer.
Safe Perforating Unaffected by Radio and Electric Power (1990)

ABSTRACT Radio transmission, radar, electric welding, cathodic protection, and electric generators, motors and their connections can create an unsafe environment for certain operations using explosives. Transporting and arming electrically initiated explosive perforating devices in this environment can be hazardous. A premature detonation can occur if correct procedures are not followed. The procedures required to prevent premature detonation often include the interruption of radio and microwave transmission, welding operations and cathodic protection systems. These shutdowns are costly and cause operational and logistical difficulties and may pose new safety problems. This problem is especially acute when operating offshore or in highly congested urban areas. The paper briefly reviews perforating equipment and operations and identifies the potential hazards of transporting and arming explosive devices in the previously described environment. The present safety procedures and equipment are discussed, along with a detailed analysis of the problems and the procedures used to allow limited radio silence. A new method of initiating perforating guns is described that is based on the principle of a foil, subjected to a large electric power burst, slapping a secondary explosive and a safe and arm system that totally eliminates the need for radio silence. Electric welding, cathodic protection and other electric equipment can also be operated without interruption. SECTION 1 - RADIO AND ELECTRIC POWER INSTALLATIONS AFFECTING PERFORATING
[Chest radiography based on the interlobar fissures]. (2005)

Recognition of which interlobar fissure in the right lung is major or minor is important in chest radiography. Based on assessment of the interlobar fissure, the location of diseases or the degree of expansion of the lobes is comprehensible. As a general rule, the major fissure is not seen in normal cases. However, the major fissure is visualized in the presence of volume loss of the lower lobe. Although the medial end of the minor fissure is at the intermediate artery between the upper and lower lobe bronchi, that of the major fissure is continuous to the central portion of the mediastinum. The following cases will be presented: post-pleuritis, atelectasis of the superior segment of the lower lobe (S6), obstructive pneumonia in the middle and lower lobes due to stenosis of the intermediate bronchus, pneumonia of the upper lobe, and superior accessory fissure with atelectasis of the upper lobe.
Simultaneous calibration, localization, and mapping (2011)

The calibration parameters of a mobile robot play a substantial role in navigation tasks. Often these parameters are subject to variations that depend either on environmental changes or on the wear of the devices. In this paper, we propose an approach to simultaneously estimate a map of the environment, the position of the on-board sensors of the robot, and its kinematic parameters. Our method requires no prior knowledge about the environment and relies only on a rough initial guess of the platform parameters. The proposed approach performs on-line estimation of the parameters and it is able to adapt to non-stationary changes of the configuration. We tested our approach in simulated environments and on a wide range of real world data using different types of robotic platforms.
The Effect of pH on Growth and Succinate Production by<i>Prevotella bivia</i> (1996)

Prevotella bivia is frequently isolated as a vaginal commensal and is also one of several organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis. In an attempt to define the role of this organism as part of the vaginal ecosystem, the influence of pH on viable cell density and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was examined. Seven strains of P. bivia isolated from the vagina of healthy women were grown in vaginal defined medium for 3 d at pH values 6.0, 5.5, 5.0 and 4.5 using an in vitro continuous culture system. At pH 6.0, P. bivia was present at a mean maximal cell density of log10 7.93 colony forming units per ml (CFU/ml). A mean decrease in viable cell density of log10 1.39 CFU/ml/day following a pH change to either 5.5 or 5.0 for all strains, indicated that the organism was pH-sensitive. Succinate, the only SCFA detected during growth in this system, was produced at a mean concentration of 0.025 mM at maximal cell density. Regression analysis of information contained in an in vivo data set of observations from healthy, menarcheal women also correlated the concentration of P. bivia with vaginal pH (P=0.049). The apparent sensitivity of this organism to pH suggests that the concentration of P. bivia within the vagina may serve as a surrogate marker for vaginal pH.
Drill‐bit SWD and seismic interferometry for imaging around geothermal wells (2011)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011Drill‐bit SWD and seismic interferometry for imaging around geothermal wellsAuthors: Flavio PolettoPiero CoruboloBiancamaria FarinaAndrea SchleiferJoseph PollardMarco PeronioGualtiero BöhmFlavio PolettoOGS, Piero CoruboloOGS, Biancamaria FarinaOGS, Andrea SchleiferOGS, Joseph PollardDHI, Marco PeronioOGS, and Gualtiero BöhmOGShttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.3628110 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract In this work we present the results of a seismic while drilling (SWD) application using the drill‐bit as a seismic source in geothermal wells. The survey was performed in a well drilled in the Nevada desert with the aim of providing geophysical information while drilling and images of the geological structures around the well. We present a summary description of the drill‐bit seismic technology adapted for geothermal purposes, and the SWD results obtained along 2D profiles passing through the well. The good‐quality seismic‐while‐drilling results have been subsequently used to obtain images of the well area in the direction normal to the main fault system, with SWD reverse vertical seismic profiling (RVSP) data migration, using seismic interferometry to extend laterally the coverage of the SWD RVSP images. The migrated seismic interferometry results confirm the main trends of the 2D geological model in the geothermal area.Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3628110FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byUtilizing supercritical geothermal systems: a review of past ventures and ongoing research activities11 September 2017 | Geothermal Energy, Vol. 5, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2011 Pages: 4424 Publisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 25 May 2012 CITATION INFORMATION Flavio Poletto, Piero Corubolo, Biancamaria Farina, Andrea Schleifer, Joseph Pollard, Marco Peronio, and Gualtiero Böhm, (2011), "Drill‐bit SWD and seismic interferometry for imaging around geothermal wells," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 4319-4324. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3628110 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
The synthesis of dinaphthothiophenes (1983)

Abstract The synthesis of dinaphtho[1,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene ( 6 ), dinaphtho[2,1‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene ( 15 ), dinaphtho‐[1,2‐b:1′,2′‐d]thiophene ( 20 ), dinaphtho[2,1‐b:1′,2′‐d]thiophene ( 26 ), dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene ( 37 ) and dinaphtho[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐d]thiophene ( 45 ) has been accomplished.
The synthesis and photochemical behaviour of some annelated tropones (1984)

The synthesis of 2-methoxy-(12), 2-methoxy-6-bromo-(13), 1-methoxy-4-methyl-(22), 3-amino-(33), 3-amino-2,4-dibromo-(35), and 3-methoxy-benzotropone (36) is reported; on irradiation of these and other benzotropones, the presence of an electron-donating group at position 1 or 3 was found to aid electrocyclization. Four new dihydrocyclobut[a]inden-7-ones (61)–(64) were thus obtained. The pyrido[b]tropones (44), (48), and (49) and the pyrido[c]tropones (59) and (60) were also synthesized; none gave electrocyclic reactions when irradiated.
Safety, Tolerability, and Effects on Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β After Inhibition of γ-Secretase (2007)

These data show that single doses of LY450139 up to 140 mg are accompanied by a dose-dependent plasma Abeta response. No response in CSF Abeta was apparent 4 hours after dosing.
Identification of a Thymic Epithelial Cell Subset Sharing Expression of the Class Ib HLA-G Molecule with Fetal Trophoblasts (1997)

HLA-G is the only class I determinant of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expressed by the trophoblasts, the fetal cells invading the maternal decidua during pregnancy. A unique feature of this nonclassical HLA molecule is its low polymorphism, a property that has been postulated to play an important role in preventing local activation of maternal alloreactive T and natural killer cells against the fetus. Yet, the mechanisms by which fetal HLA-G can be recognized as a self-MHC molecule by the maternal immune system remain unclear. Here we report the novel observation that HLA-G is expressed in the human thymus. Expression is targeted to the cell surface of thymic medullary and subcapsular epithelium. Thymic epithelial cell lines were generated and shown to express three alternatively spliced HLA-G transcripts, previously identified in human trophoblasts. Sequencing of HLA-G1 transcripts revealed a few nucleotide changes resulting in amino acid substitutions, all clustered within exon 3 of HLA-G, encoding for the alpha2 domain of the molecule. Our findings raise the possibility that maternal unresponsiveness to HLA-G-expressing fetal tissues may be shaped in the thymus by a previously unrecognized central presentation of this MHC molecule on the medullary epithelium.
Linking the mechanics and energetics of hopping with elastic ankle exoskeletons (2012)

The springlike mechanics of the human leg during bouncing gaits has inspired the design of passive assistive devices that use springs to aid locomotion. The purpose of this study was to test whether a passive spring-loaded ankle exoskeleton could reduce the mechanical and energetic demands of bilateral hopping on the musculoskeletal system. Joint level kinematics and kinetics were collected with electromyographic and metabolic energy consumption data for seven participants hopping at four frequencies (2.2, 2.5, 2.8, and 3.2 Hz). Hopping was performed without an exoskeleton; with an springless exoskeleton; and with a spring-loaded exoskeleton. Spring-loaded ankle exoskeletons reduced plantar flexor muscle activity and the biological contribution to ankle joint moment (15-25%) and average positive power (20-40%). They also facilitated reductions in metabolic power (15-20%) across frequencies from 2.2 to 2.8 Hz compared with hopping with a springless exoskeleton. Reductions in metabolic power compared with hopping with no exoskeleton were restricted to hopping at 2.5 Hz only (12%). These results highlighted the importance of reducing the rate of muscular force production and work to achieve metabolic reductions. They also highlighted the importance of assisting muscles acting at the knee joint. Exoskeleton designs may need to be tuned to optimize exoskeleton mass, spring stiffness, and spring slack length to achieve greater metabolic reductions.
The role of valid emission rate methods in enforcement of the Clean Air Act (1995)

This paper demonstrates that EPA procedures for computing power plants emission rates can yield results which vary over 10% if dependent fuel chemistry is not reflective of actual conditions. Commonly they will vary by 3%. When considering concentration uncertainties, also used in determining emission rate, variations can then reach 20% or higher for certain coal-fired plants. Results presented in this paper are based on a limited sample of eleven cases, but the majority employ actual test data which has been verified through detailed testing, analyses and system calculational `closures`. Idealized vendor design data was also analyzed. General trends found in the limited sample have been confirmed via independent study of 59 coals. The eleven cases were analyzed using Exergetic Systems` Input/Loss Method, and the F{sub c}, F{sub d} and F{sub w} procedures as specified in 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Appendix A, Method 19. When analyzing test data involving rigorous mass and energy flow balances on the boiler system with the Input/loss Method, emission rates are entirely consistent with those resulting from the F{sub c} procedure. This statement is valid only if the emission rates are computed with consistent `as-fired` fuel chemistry. If convenience is warranted, the F{sub c} procedure ismore » acceptable given appropriate updates of the fuel`s chemistry. This paper notes that use of either dry-or wet-based fuel chemistries and corresponding heating values will produce the same emission rates; dry-based analysis being traditional and convenient. However, fuel water does effect pollutant mass flows: a 5% change in fuel water results in 1% change in SO{sub 2} or NO{sub x} emissions and total dry effluent flow for the same boiler loading. This work advocates the monitoring of effluent water with iterations on fuel water using the Input/Loss Method. This paper discusses accuracy of computational techniques associated with emission rates and applicable regulations.« less
Galeterone and VNPT55 induce proteasomal degradation of AR/AR-V7, induce significant apoptosis via cytochrome c release and suppress growth of castration resistant prostate cancer xenografts<i>in vivo</i> (2015)

Galeterone (Gal) is a first-in-class multi-target oral small molecule that will soon enter pivotal phase III clinical trials in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Gal disrupts androgen receptor (AR) signaling via inhibition of CYP17, AR antagonism and AR degradation. Resistance to current therapy is attributed to up-regulation of full-length AR (fAR), splice variants AR (AR-Vs) and AR mutations. The effects of gal and VNPT55 were analyzed on f-AR and AR-Vs (AR-V7/ARv567es) in LNCaP, CWR22Rv1 and DU145 (transfected with AR-Vs) human PC cells in vitro and CRPC tumor xenografts. Galeterone/VNPT55 decreased fAR/AR-V7 mRNA levels and implicates Mdm2/CHIP enhanced ubiquitination of posttranslational modified receptors, targeting them for proteasomal degradation. Gal and VNPT55 also induced significant apoptosis in PC cells via increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio, cytochrome-c release with concomitant cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. More importantly, gal and VNPT55 exhibited strong in vivo anti-CRPC activities, with no apparent host toxicities. This study demonstrate that gal and VNPT55 utilize cell-based mechanisms to deplete both fAR and AR-Vs. Importantly, the preclinical activity profiles, including profound apoptotic induction and inhibition of CRPC xenografts suggest that these agents offer considerable promise as new therapeutics for patients with CRPC and those resistant to current therapy.
Visibility Enhancement Based Real -- Time Retinex for Diverse Environments (2012)

This paper proposes a modified structure of Retinex algorithm for the image enhancement method. The proposed algorithm performs robustly and stably on various environments, particularly in bad weather and night vision. Especially, Retinex algorithm tends to show outstanding results as compared with other approaches, and also shows advantages at night vision. However, the Retinex algorithm has problems such as the halo effect and the color distortion. In this paper, the proposed algorithm has a simple idea to remove above problems that combines a reflectance and a luminance image with some constant factors respectively. Since the result includes the luminance component, it works on diverse environment such as not only foggy image but also night vision image. Furthermore, this algorithm has proper structure for real time processing. Results on a variety of images show the effectiveness of this approach.
Epitaxial GaAs by close space vapor transport (1983)

The rate of transport of GaAs obtained with the close space vapor transport technique has been investigated as a function of the source (T) and substrate (θ) temperatures and of the source-substrate spacing for two different water vapor pressures (6.6 and ∼10−5 mm Hg) introduced with the H2 gas. Analysis of the results allow us (i) to determine the enthalpy and activation energy (2.1 and 3.1 eV, respectively) associated with the reactions taking place at the source and substrate surfaces and (ii) to deduce the existence of a third reaction occurring in the gas phase, whose activation energy has been measured (2.9 eV). Depending on the water vapor pressure, this third reaction occurs near the source (high water vapor pressure) or near the substrate (low water vapor pressure). We derive the equation governing the rate of transport, from which we calculate this rate per unit of source substrate spacing and of water vapor pressure as a function of both T and θ for constant values of θ and T, respectively.
Contribution of Individual Ebp Pilus Subunits of Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF to Pilus Biogenesis, Biofilm Formation and Urinary Tract Infection (2013)

The endocarditis and biofilm-associated pilus (Ebp) operon is a component of the core genome of Enterococcus faecalis that has been shown to be important for biofilm formation, adherence to host fibrinogen, collagen and platelets, and in experimental endocarditis and urinary tract infection models. Here, we created single and double deletion mutants of the pilus subunits and sortases; next, by combining western blotting, immunoelectron microscopy, and using ebpR in trans to increase pilus production, we identified EbpA as the tip pilin and EbpB as anchor at the pilus base, the latter attached to cell wall by the housekeeping sortase, SrtA. We also confirmed EbpC and Bps as the major pilin and pilin-specific sortase, respectively, both required for pilus polymerization. Interestingly, pilus length was increased and the number of pili decreased by deleting ebpA, while control overexpression of ebpA in trans restored wild-type levels, suggesting a dual role for EbpA in both initiation and termination of pilus polymerization. We next investigated the contribution of each pilin subunit to biofilm formation and UTI. Significant reduction in biofilm formation was observed with deletion of ebpA or ebpC (P<0.001) while ebpB was found to be dispensable; a similar result was seen in kidney CFUs in experimental UTI (ΔebpA, ΔebpC, P≤0.0093; ΔebpB, non-significant, each vs. OG1RF). Hence, our data provide important structural and functional information about these ubiquitous E. faecalis pili and, based on their demonstrated importance in biofilm and infection, suggest EbpA and EbpC as potential targets for antibody-based therapeutic approaches.
Advanced phase-contrast imaging using a grating interferometer (2009)

Phase-sensitive X-ray imaging methods can provide substantially increased contrast over conventional absorption-based imaging, and therefore new and otherwise inaccessible information. Differential phase-contrast (DPC) imaging, which uses a grating interferometer and a phase-stepping technique, has been integrated into TOMCAT, a beamline dedicated to tomographic microscopy and coherent radiology experiments at the Swiss Light Source. Developments have been made focusing on the fast acquisition and post-processing of data to enable a high-throughput of samples, with obvious advantages, also through increasing the efficiency of the detecting system, of helping to reduce radiation dose imparted to the sample. A novel aquarium design allows a vertical rotation axis below the sample with measurements performed in aqueous environment. Optimization of the data acquisition procedure enables a full phase volume (1024 x 1024 pixels x 1000 projections x 9 phase steps, i.e. 9000 projections in total) to be acquired in 20 min (with a pixel size of 7.4 microm), and the subsequent post-processing has been integrated into the beamline pipeline for sinogram generation. Local DPC tomography allows one to focus with higher magnification on a particular region of interest of a sample without the presence of local tomography reconstruction artifacts. Furthermore, 'widefield' imaging is shown for DPC scans for the first time, enabling the field of view of the imaging system to be doubled for samples that are larger than the magnification allows. A case study is illustrated focusing on the visualization of soft tissue features, and particularly the substantia nigra of a rat brain. Darkfield images, based on local X-ray scattering, can also be extracted from a grating-based DPC scan: an example of the advantages of darkfield contrast is shown and the potential of darkfield X-ray tomography is discussed.