gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Reprogramming of Murine Fibroblasts to Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (2014)

Recent reports have shown that somatic cells, under appropriate culture conditions, could be directly reprogrammed to cardiac, hepatic, or neuronal phenotype by lineage-specific transcription factors. In this study, we demonstrate that both embryonic and adult somatic fibroblasts can be efficiently reprogrammed to clonal multilineage hematopoietic progenitors by the ectopic expression of the transcription factors ERG, GATA2, LMO2, RUNX1c, and SCL. These reprogrammed cells were stably expanded on stromal cells and possessed short-term reconstitution ability in vivo. Loss of p53 function facilitated reprogramming to blood, and p53(-/-) reprogrammed cells efficiently generated erythroid, megakaryocytic, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages. Genome-wide analyses revealed that generation of hematopoietic progenitors was preceded by the appearance of hemogenic endothelial cells expressing endothelial and hematopoietic genes. Altogether, our findings suggest that direct reprogramming could represent a valid alternative approach to the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for disease modeling and autologous blood cell therapies.
4-Methylumbelliferone Treatment and Hyaluronan Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy in Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Cancer (2015)

Hyaluronan (HA) is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix at many sites of chronic inflammation, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis, and numerous malignancies. Recent publications have demonstrated that when HA synthesis is inhibited using 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), beneficial effects are observed in several animal models of these diseases. Notably, 4-MU is an already approved drug in Europe and Asia called "hymecromone" where it is used to treat biliary spasm. However, there is uncertainty regarding how 4-MU treatment provides benefit in these animal models and the potential long-term consequences of HA inhibition. Here, we review what is known about how HA contributes to immune dysregulation and tumor progression. Then, we review what is known about 4-MU and hymecromone in terms of mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and safety. Finally, we review recent studies detailing the use of 4-MU to treat animal models of cancer and autoimmunity.
Stabilizing Ni Catalysts by Molecular Layer Deposition for Harsh, Dry Reforming Conditions (2014)

To inhibit sintering of ∼5 nm supported Ni particles during dry reforming of methane (DRM), catalysts were stabilized with porous alumina grown by ABC alucone molecular layer deposition (MLD). The uncoated catalyst continuously deactivated during DRM at 973 K. In contrast, the DRM rates for the MLD-coated catalysts initially increased before stabilizing, consistent with an increase in the exposed nickel surface area with exposure to high temperatures. Post-reaction particles were smaller for the MLD-coated catalysts. Catalysts with only 5 MLD layers had higher DRM rates than the uncoated catalyst, and a sample with 10 MLD layers remained stable for 108 h.
A new method for performance control of a differential active inductor for low power 2.4GHz applications (2010)

In this paper we present a new method for controlling the performance of a Differential Active Inductor (DAI) used as resonating output load of an RF amplifier and working at Ultra Low Power (ULP) consumption. A new solution is proposed for linearity improvement without extra power consumption and without SNR degradation. For a given impedance value at the resonance frequency of the DAI (corresponding to a given amplifier gain), tradeoff between quality factor Q and IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is highlighted. Then, an optimization method is proposed which takes into account the power consumption. A simulated DAI presents -2.7 dBm IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , 40 nV/Hz noise voltage density and almost 3.0 kΩ load at the resonance frequency of 2.45 GHz. The total power consumption is 0.8 mW under 1 V power supply of a 65 nm CMOS technology, and the circuit occupies 0.0012 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area.
Effect of carbon on oxygen precipitation in silicon (1990)

A systematic Fourier-transformed infrared-spectroscopy study of oxygen and carbon in isolated form and as complexes in the silicon lattice has revealed a direct correlation between the decrease of substitutional carbon concentration and the decrease of interstitial oxygen concentration during 750 °C annealing. At a concentration exceeding 2 ppma, carbon was also found to enhance oxide precipitate growth. After completing a three-step annealing (1100 °C+750 °C+1000 °C), an oxide-precipitate-related IR-absorption band was observed. The changes of the IR-absorption band were correlated with annealing-induced changes in the state of carbon. A direct incorporation of carbon into oxide precipitates, and/or carbon interaction with silicon self-interstitials generated during oxygen precipitation, are suggested to have an effect on reducing lattice strain associated with the oxygen-precipitation process.
Rejuvenation capacity of red blood cells in additive solutions over long‐term storage (2011)

We conclude that Rejuvesol is able to restore ATP and 2,3-DPG levels in RBCs stored up to 120 days in AS. The response diminishes as storage time increases. This rejuvenation (REJ) capability does not seem useful for routine assessment of RBC anabolic capacity in research programs, but may be useful to the investigator when studying unique and novel treatment methods.
Wide Activation for Efficient and Accurate Image Super-Resolution (2018)

In this report we demonstrate that with same parameters and computational budgets, models with wider features before ReLU activation have significantly better performance for single image super-resolution (SISR). The resulted SR residual network has a slim identity mapping pathway with wider (\(2\times\) to \(4\times\)) channels before activation in each residual block. To further widen activation (\(6\times\) to \(9\times\)) without computational overhead, we introduce linear low-rank convolution into SR networks and achieve even better accuracy-efficiency tradeoffs. In addition, compared with batch normalization or no normalization, we find training with weight normalization leads to better accuracy for deep super-resolution networks. Our proposed SR network \textit{WDSR} achieves better results on large-scale DIV2K image super-resolution benchmark in terms of PSNR with same or lower computational complexity. Based on WDSR, our method also won 1st places in NTIRE 2018 Challenge on Single Image Super-Resolution in all three realistic tracks. Experiments and ablation studies support the importance of wide activation for image super-resolution. Code is released at: https://github.com/JiahuiYu/wdsr_ntire2018
Optimal dosage and method of delivering chlorhexidine solutions for the inhibition of dental plaque (1973)

The study evaluated the effect of increasing the amount of rinse solution upon the concentration of chlorhexidine needed to control plaque formation, compared the application of chlorhexidine with an oral irrigator to normal rinsing, and examined the amount of staining caused by the various dosages. Forty‐four dental students were divided into 7 groups which each used different volumes (700, 400, 200, applied with an oral irrigator and 200, 100, 50 and 20 ml used with normal rinsing). On a rotational basis, the individuals tested all concentrations (0, .01, .025, .05, .075, .1, .15 and .2 per cent) once during each 9 day test period of suspended oral hygiene. The plaqoe accumulation was. assessed at the end of each trial period according to the criteria of the Plaque Index system. Each lest period was separated by 5 days of normal oral hygiene. The study has shown that if larger volumes are used much lower concentrations of chlorhexidine are necessary, plaque inhibition in the posterior portion of the oral cavity is better with an irrigator than with normal rinsing and that staining is less with large volumes of dilute concentrations than with small volumes of stronger concentrations.
Role of Actin in Anchoring Postsynaptic Receptors in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons: Differential Attachment of NMDA versus AMPA Receptors (1998)

We used actin-perturbing agents and detergent extraction of primary hippocampal cultures to test directly the role of the actin cytoskeleton in localizing GABAA receptors, AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors, and potential anchoring proteins at postsynaptic sites. Excitatory postsynaptic sites on dendritic spines contained a high concentration of F-actin that was resistant to cytochalasin D but could be depolymerized using the novel compound latrunculin A. Depolymerization of F-actin led to a 40% decrease in both the number of synaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) clusters and the number of AMPA receptor (GluR1)-labeled spines. The nonsynaptic NMDA receptors appeared to remain clustered and to coalesce in cell bodies. alpha-Actinin-2, which binds both actin and NMDA receptors, dissociated from the receptor clusters, but PSD-95 remained associated with both the synaptic and nonsynaptic receptor clusters, consistent with a proposed cross-linking function. AMPA receptors behaved differently; on GABAergic neurons, the clusters redistributed to nonsynaptic sites, whereas on pyramidal neurons, many of the clusters appeared to disperse. Furthermore, in control neurons, AMPA receptors were detergent extractable from pyramidal cell spines, whereas AMPA receptors on GABAergic neurons and NMDA receptors were unextractable. GABAA receptors were not dependent on F-actin for the maintenance or synaptic localization of clusters. These results indicate fundamental differences in the mechanisms of receptor anchoring at postsynaptic sites, both regarding the anchoring of a single receptor (the AMPA receptor) in pyramidal cells versus GABAergic interneurons and regarding the anchoring of different receptors (AMPA vs NMDA receptors) at a single class of postsynaptic sites on pyramidal cell dendritic spines.
Marcatili’s extended approach: comparison to semi-vectorial methods applied to pedestal waveguide design (2008)

International audience
Protecting forests and supporting renewable energy. (2005)

Effects of buprofezin (Applaud), a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on survival and development of eggs, three instars, and pupae of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) were determined in the laboratory. Buprofezin at three tested concentrations (100, 500, and 1,000 mg [AI]/liter) did not affect the viability and development of eggs when the eggs were treated, or third instars and pupae when those stages were treated. Although the degree of effects by buprofezin on larvae varied with instar, buprofezin at the higher concentrations (500 and 1,000 mg [AI]/liter) reduced survival rates 17-47% and prolonged the overall development from first instars to adult emergence by 2 or 3 d when first instars were treated, indicating that the first instar is the most vulnerable stage. When second instars were treated, the survival of C. rufilabris from second instars to pupae was not significantly affected. However, the developmental time from second instar to adult emergence was longer in the treatments with the highest concentration (1,000 mg [AI]/liter) than that with the lowest concentration (100 mg [AI]/liter). The compatibility of buprofezin with natural enemies in integrated pest management programs is discussed.
Low-threshold, transversely-excited NdP<sub>5</sub>O<sub>14</sub> laser (1975)

The room-temperature lasing behavior of NdP$sub 5$O$sub 14$ (NdPP) transversely pumped at 0.58-$mu$m wavelength by a cw dye laser in an excitation geometry simulating that of an LED or laser diode was measured. For a crystal 760 $mu$m long, the lowest transverse threshold was 4 mW. From this threshold and a theoretical relationship between excitation efficiency and pump wavelength, it is predicted that a threshold of approximately 8.5 mW should be possible for excitation by an edge-emitting 0.8-$mu$m wavelength LED. Using thin NdPP samples with reflecting back surfaces for better excitation efficiency should lower this threshold by approximately 60 percent, and give minimum optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies of approximately 3.5 percent. (auth)
Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Enol Triflates with 1-Alkynes. A New Route to Conjugated Enynes (1986)

Cross coupling of enol triflates with 1-alkynes in the presence of a base and bis[triphenylphosphine]-palladium(II) diacetate as catalyst at 60°C affords conjugated enynes in good yields. The addition of copper(I) iodide as co-catalyst allows the reactions to proceed at room temperature.
Motions of Charged Particles in the Magnetosphere Under the Influence of a Time-Varying Large Scale Convection Electric Field (2011)

The motions of charged particles under the influence of the geomagnetic and electric fields are quite complex in the region of the inner magnetosphere. The Volland-Stern type large scale convection electric field ([UEQU]) with γ = 2 has been used successfully to predict both the plasmapause location and particle enhancements determined from Explorer 45 (S3-A) measurements. We have recently introduced into the trajectory calculations of Ejiri et al. (1978) a time dependence in this electric field based on the variation in Kp for actual magnetic storm conditions. The particle trajectories are computed as they change in this time-varying electric field. Several storm “fronts” of particles of different magnetic moments are allowed to be injected into the inner magnetosphere from L = 10 in the equatorial plane. The motions of these fronts are presented in a movie format. The local time of injection, the particle magnetic moments and the subsequent temporal history of the magnetospheric electric field play important roles in determining whether the injected particles are trapped within the ring current region or whether they are convected to regions outside the inner magnetosphere.
An optimal DRAM sizing and partitioning method for NVRAM based hybrid memory architecture (2014)

We propose an optimal method for sizing and partitioning DRAM in the NVRAM based hybrid memory for a multicore system. Optimizing the size of DRAM in the hybrid memory is critical to capture the working sets of applications for performance improvement and reduce hardware cost. Given the QoS requirements of applications and architectural constraints, the proposed method can minimize the total DRAM size by determining optimal partitions using integer linear programming. It can be used to statically size the DRAM during a system design phase or dynamically partition the DRAM among applications under various runtime scenarios.
L2.5: <i>Late‐News Paper:</i> Field‐Emitter Array Cathode‐Ray Tube (FEA‐CRT) (1999)

Abstract We developed CRTs with FEAs as electron guns, i.e, FEA‐CRTs, and realized them as high definition and bright monitors for the first time. The FEAs' features such as high‐current‐density beam, heaterless cathode and low drive voltage clearly demonstrate FEA‐CRTs' superiority to conventional hot cathode CRTs.
Shuttling of electrons and Cooper pairs (2003)

Properties of nanocomposite materials are affected by a coupling between mechanical deformations of the materials and electronic charge transport. In one of the simplest systems of this kind, a single electron transistor (SET) with deformable tunnel barriers (nanoelectromechanical SET), mechanically assisted charge transfer becomes possible. This can be viewed as 'shuttling of single electrons' between metallic leads by a movable small-sized cluster. In this article we review some recent theoretical and experimental achievements concerning shuttle transport, in normal as well as superconducting systems.
Toward a push-scalable global internet (2011)

Push message delivery, where a client maintains an “always-on” connection with a server in order to be notified of a (asynchronous) message arrival in real-time, is increasingly being used in Internet services. The key message in this paper is that push message delivery on the World Wide Web is not scalable for servers, intermediate network elements, and battery-operated mobile device clients. We present a measurement analysis of a commercially deployed WWW push email service to highlight some of these issues. Next, we suggest content-based optimization to reduce the always-on connection requirement of push messaging. Our idea is based on exploiting the periodic nature of human-to-human messaging. We show how machine learning can accurately model the times of a day or week when messages are least likely to arrive; and turn off always-on connections these times. We apply our approach to a real email data set and our experiments demonstrate that the number of hours of active always-on connections can be cut by half while still achieving real-time message delivery for up to 90% of all messages.
Axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush in Nogo-A/B/C knockout mice. (2008)

Nogo genes play an inhibitive role in the axonal regeneration after ON injury, while Nogo-knockout is an effective way to eliminate this inhibition and accelerate axonal regeneration.
Lignin Model Compounds as Bio‐Based Reactive Diluents for Liquid Molding Resins (2012)

Lignin is a copious paper and pulping waste product that has the potential to yield valuable, low molecular weight, single aromatic chemicals when strategically depolymerized. The single aromatic lignin model compounds, vanillin, guaiacol, and eugenol, were methacrylated by esterification with methacrylic anhydride and a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Methacrylated guaiacol (MG) and methacrylated eugenol (ME) exhibited low viscosities at room temperature (MG: 17 cP and ME: 28 cP). When used as reactive diluents in vinyl ester resins, they produced resin viscosities higher than that of vinyl ester-styrene blends. The relative volatilities of MG (1.05 wt% loss in 18 h) and ME (0.96 wt% loss in 18 h) measured by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were considerably lower than that of styrene (93.7 wt% loss in 3 h) indicating the potential of these chemicals to be environmentally friendly reactive diluents. Bulk polymerization of MG and ME generated homopolymers with glass transition temperatures (T(g)s) of 92 and 103 °C, respectively. Blends of a standard vinyl ester resin with MG and ME (50 wt % reactive diluent) produced thermosets with T(g)s of 127 and 153 °C, respectively, which are comparable to vinyl ester-styrene resins, thus demonstrating the ability of MG and ME to completely replace styrene as reactive diluents in liquid molding resins without sacrificing cured-resin thermal performance.
Roles of immunoglobulin valency and the heavy-chain constant domain in antibody-mediated downregulation of Sindbis virus replication in persistently infected neurons (1995)

Clearance of infectious Sindbis virus from neurons is mediated by antibody to the E2 glycoprotein. Properties of the antibody important for downregulation of Sindbis virus replication are unknown. Immunoglobulin isotypes and valency determine many biological properties of antibodies. An immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype switch mutant and F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of IgG3 monoclonal antibody 209 were prepared and tested for clearance of infectious virus from persistently infected rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. IgG1, IgG3, and IgG3-derived F(ab')2 fragments were similarly efficacious, while IgG3-derived Fab fragments had no effect on virus replication. Cross-linking of Fab with secondary antibodies restored antiviral activity. Therefore, we found no evidence that IgG subclass plays a role in control of intracellular Sindbis virus replication. However, bivalency appears to be crucial for the ability of E2-specific IgG molecules to mediate clearance of infectious virus from neuron cells, suggesting that cross-linking of E2 molecules is essential.
Analgesic and other effects of the <i>d</i>‐ and <i>l</i>‐isomers of pentazocine (1969)

The d‐ and l‐isomers of pentazocine were compared with morphine for analgesia and other effects in two randomized, double‐blind assays involving 889 treatments in 478 patients, given principally for postoperative pain. Response to 60 mg. of d‐pentazocine was less than that to 5 mg. of morphine. Relative potency for l‐pentazocine based on effects measured up to 255 minutes was found to be 0.35 to 0.40 (25 to 29 mg. ~ 10 mg. of morphine). Sedation and sweating were common with the l‐isomer. It appears that analgesia resides principally in the l‐isomer
Logistic regression model for analyzing extended haplotype data (1998)

Recently, there has been increased interest in evaluating extended haplotypes in p53 as risk factors for cancer. An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, confirmed by restriction analysis, has been used to determine absolute extended haplotypes in diploid genomes. We describe statistical analyses for comparing cases and controls, or comparing different ethnic groups with respect to haplotypes composed of several biallelic loci, especially in the presence of other covariates. Tests based on cross-tabulating all possible genotypes by disease state can have limited power due to the large number of possible genotypes. Tests based simply on cross-tabulating all possible haplotypes by disease state cannot be extended to account for other variables measured on the individual. We propose imposing an assumption of additivity upon the haplotype-based analysis. This yields a logistic regression in which the outcome is case or control, and the predictor variables include the number of copies (0, 1, or 2) of each haplotype, as well as other explanatory variables. In a case-control study, the model can be constructed so that each coefficient gives the log odds ratio for disease for an individual with a single copy of the suspect haplotype and another copy of the most common haplotype, relative to an individual with two copies of the most common haplotype. We illustrate the method with published data on p53 and breast cancer. The method can also be applied to any polymorphic system, whether multiple alleles at a single locus or multiple haplotypes over several loci.
Characterization of plasmids in a sucrose-fermenting strain of Escherichia coli (1977)

A multiply drug-resistant strain of Escherichia coli isolated from a patient in Bangladesh was shown to carry four types of plasmids based on size differences. One type carries a gene or genes for sucrose fermentation.
Norbornene-Based Copolymers with Iridium Complexes and Bis(carbazolyl)fluorene Groups in Their Side-Chains and Their Use in Light-Emitting Diodes (2007)

Solution-processable copolymers with pendant phosphorescent iridium complexes and 2,7-di(carbazol-9-yl)fluorene-type host moieties were synthesized using ruthenium-catalyzed ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Low polydispersity indices and molecular weights around 20 000 Da were obtained for all copolymers. As a result of the living character of the polymerization of the monomer containing the host moiety, a high degree of control over the molecular weights of all copolymers can be obtained. The photo- and electroluminescence properties of the copolymers were investigated. All copolymers retained the photo- and electrophysical properties of the corresponding nonpolymeric iridium complexes. Furthermore, as a proof of principle for the potential use of these materials, organic light-emitting devices were fabricated using the orange-emitting copolymer. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.9% at 100 cd/m2 and a turn-on voltage of 3.7 V were obtained with photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.10 demonstrating the potential of these copolymers as emissive materials for display and lighting applications.