gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Kraft Pulp and Lignin on <i>Trametes versicolor</i> Carbon Metabolism (1993)

The white rot basidiomycete Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor can substantially increase the brightness and decrease the lignin content of washed, unbleached hardwood kraft pulp (HWKP). Monokaryotic strain 52J was used to study how HWKP and the lignin in HWKP affect the carbon metabolism and secretions of T. versicolor. Earlier work indicated that a biobleaching culture supernatant contained all components necessary for HWKP biobleaching and delignification, but the supernatant needed frequent contact with the fungus to maintain these activities. Thus, labile small fungal metabolites may be the vital biobleaching system components renewed or replaced by the fungus. Nearly all of the CO(2) evolved by HWKP-containing cultures came from the added glucose, indicating that HWKP is not an important source of carbon or energy during biobleaching. Carbon dioxide appeared somewhat earlier in the absence of HWKP, but the culture partial O(2) pressure was little affected by the presence of pulp. The presence of HWKP in a culture markedly increased the culture's production of a number of acidic metabolites, including 2-phenyllactate, oxalate, adipate, glyoxylate, fumarate, mandelate, and glycolate. Although the total concentration of these pulp-induced metabolites was only 4.3 mM, these compounds functioned as effective manganese-complexing agents for the manganese peroxidase-mediated oxidation of phenol red, propelling the reaction at 2.4 times the rate of 50 mM sodium malonate, the standard chelator-buffer. The presence of HWKP in a culture also markedly stimulated fungal secretion of the enzymes manganese peroxidase, cellulase, and cellobiose-quinone oxidoreductase, but not laccase (phenol oxidase) or lignin peroxidase.
A 0.67μm^2 self-aligned shallow trench isolation cell (SA-STI cell) for 3V-only 256Mbit NAND EEP-ROMs (1994)

An ultra high-density NAND-structured memory cell, using a new Self-Aligned Shallow Trench Isolation(SA-ST1) technology, has been developed for a high performance and low bit cost 256Mbit Flash EEPROM. The SA-STI technology results in an extremely mall cell size of 0.67 um' per bit, 67% of the smallest Flash memory cell reported so far[ll. by using a 0.35~~ technology. The key technologies to realize a small cell size are (1) 0.4um width Shallow T rench Isolation (STI) to isolate neighboring bits and (2) a floating gate that is self-aligned with the STI, eliminating the floating-gate wings. Even though the floating-gate wings are eliminated, a high coupling ratio of 0.65 can be obtained by using the side-walls of the floating gate to increase the coupling ratio. Using this self-aligned structure, a reliable tunnel oxide can be obtained because the floating gate does not overlap the trench corners, so enhanced tunneling at the trench corner is ayoided. Therefore, the SA-STI cell combines a low bit cost with a high performance and a high reliability, such as the f ast programming (0.2usec/byte). fast erasing (2msec), good srite/erase endurance (>loa cycles), and excellent read disturb characteristics( >lO years). This paper describes the process technologies and the device performance of the SA-STI cell, which can be used to realize NAND EEPROYs of 256Mbit and beyond.
PXI and VXI modular instrumentation in the new millennium (1999)

Instrumentation has evolved in many ways over the past several decades. Standards such as GPIB and VXI made open, multi-vendor test systems possible and personal computer technology stretched overall capabilities and ease-of-use. Test technology for the new millennium now includes CompactPCI with PXI extensions. PXI directly couples PC technology with traditional instrument capabilities found in VXI to result in broader measurement and automation capabilities. Advanced measurement technology combined with the fast processing capabilities of today's PCs result in performance gains of more than 10X when comparing PXI to older architectures. As PXI continues to grow, it is important to understand its relationship to VXI. A solid understanding of both architectures will help test engineers in the new millennium to properly configure systems using PXI, VXI, or both.
Global mindset, global success at Tata Consultancy Services (2013)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to exemplify how Mr Surya Kant, President of North American, UK and European Operations in Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), leads and grows a complex global company by adopting and operationalizing a global mindset. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies a social constructionist interview method, which focuses upon the reflectivity of the research in critically constructing meaning from qualitative data collected through personal interviews. The paper links information gleaned from a semi‐structured interview with Mr Kant to a theoretical discussion of the construct of global mindset. In so doing, it demonstrates the paradox of complexity in global leadership and illustrates the applicability of theory in global leadership practice. Findings This paper aids in making the case for the application of an inductive qualitative methodology by showing that inductive approaches to business research have, as their base, the lived experiences of people operating in a business context. The paper found a close link among the theoretical constructs of global mindset, paradox theory, complexity, leadership and global business, and their use and applicability in driving a global corporation. Originality/value In making explicit the links between theory and practice, this paper illuminates the practical application of academic literature and theoretical constructs in the arena of global business and global leadership, thereby bridging the oft‐cited theoretician‐practitioner‐bifurcation in business research.
东南亚地球动力学：台湾弧—弧碰撞模式 (1997)

1前言台湾山脉是世界最年青山脉之一。关于该碰撞带已提出三种主要假说：1）Suppe（1981）的薄皮构造模式，在该模式中，吕宋弧与欧亚陆缘碰撞。2）Lu和HSS（1992）的模式，该模式是指一外来块体首先与欧亚陆缘碰撞，接着吕宋弧与已经增生的外来决体第二次碰撞。3）Hsu和Sibuet（1995）的弧一派碰撞模式，意指台湾造山运动之前，琉球俯冲系延伸到了现今台湾位置之西。在这一假说中，台湾山脉的形成是由吕宋弧与先前的弧和弧后盆地系碰撞引起的。本文旨在讨论先前假说，并根据台湾陆上和近海的地质制约条件探究Hsu和Sibuete（1995）的新假说，并提出关于台湾形成的新地球动力学综合示意图。2台湾
An Ultra Miniature Pinch Focus Discharge Operating With Submillimetric Anodes And Energy Of 0.1 Joule: Nanofocus (2005)

An ultra miniature device for pinch discharges has been designed and constructed (nanofocus NF: 5nF, 5–10kV, 5–10kA, 60–250 mJ, 16 ns time to peak current). Sub‐millimetric anode radii (0.8 and 0.21mm) covered by coaxial insulators were used for experiments in hydrogen. Evidence of pinch was observed in electrical signals in discharges operating at 3mbar and ∼100 mJ. A single‐frame image converter camera (4 ns exposure) was used to obtain plasma images in the visible range. The dynamic observed from the photographs is consistent with a dynamic observed in conventional plasma focus discharges. This ultra miniature device has a value for the “plasma energy density parameter” and for the “drive parameter” of the same order or greater than plasma focus devices operating at energies several orders of magnitude higher.
Ectopic Expression of DREF Induces DNA Synthesis, Apoptosis, and Unusual Morphogenesis in the <i>Drosophila</i> Eye Imaginal Disc: Possible Interaction with <i>Polycomb</i>and <i>trithorax</i> Group Proteins (2001)

The promoters of Drosophila genes encoding DNA replication-related proteins contain transcription regulatory element DRE (5'-TATCGATA) in addition to E2F recognition sites. A specific DRE-binding factor, DREF, positively regulates DRE-containing genes. In addition, it has been reported that DREF can bind to a sequence in the hsp70 scs' chromatin boundary element that is also recognized by boundary element-associated factor, and thus DREF may participate in regulating insulator activity. To examine DREF function in vivo, we established transgenic flies in which ectopic expression of DREF was targeted to the eye imaginal discs. Adult flies expressing DREF exhibited a severe rough eye phenotype. Expression of DREF induced ectopic DNA synthesis in the cells behind the morphogenetic furrow, which are normally postmitotic, and abolished photoreceptor specifications of R1, R6, and R7. Furthermore, DREF expression caused apoptosis in the imaginal disc cells in the region where commitment to R1/R6 cells takes place, suggesting that failure of differentiation of R1/R6 photoreceptor cells might cause apoptosis. The DREF-induced rough eye phenotype was suppressed by a half-dose reduction of the E2F gene, one of the genes regulated by DREF, indicating that the DREF overexpression phenotype is useful to screen for modifiers of DREF activity. Among Polycomb/trithorax group genes, we found that a half-dose reduction of some of the trithorax group genes involved in determining chromatin structure or chromatin remodeling (brahma, moira, and osa) significantly suppressed and that reduction of Distal-less enhanced the DREF-induced rough eye phenotype. The results suggest a possibility that DREF activity might be regulated by protein complexes that play a role in modulating chromatin structure. Genetic crosses of transgenic flies expressing DREF to a collection of Drosophila deficiency stocks allowed us to identify several genomic regions, deletions of which caused enhancement or suppression of the DREF-induced rough eye phenotype. These deletions should be useful to identify novel targets of DREF and its positive or negative regulators.
Modeling of interconnect capacitance, delay, and crosstalk in VLSI (2000)

Increasing complexity in VLSI circuits makes metal interconnection a significant factor affecting circuit performance. In this paper, we first develop new closed-form capacitance formulas for two major structures in VLSI, namely: (1) parallel lines on a plane and (2) wires between two planes, by considering the electrical flux to adjacent wires and to ground separately. We then further derive closed-form solutions for the delay and crosstalk noise. The capacitance models agree well with numerical solutions of three-dimensional (3-D) Poisson equation as well as measurement data. The delay and crosstalk models agree well with SPICE simulations.
Conversing by Reading: Contentful Neural Conversation with On-demand Machine Reading (2019)

Although neural conversation models are effective in learning how to produce fluent responses, their primary challenge lies in knowing what to say to make the conversation contentful and non-vacuous. We present a new end-to-end approach to contentful neural conversation that jointly models response generation and on-demand machine reading. The key idea is to provide the conversation model with relevant long-form text on the fly as a source of external knowledge. The model performs QA-style reading comprehension on this text in response to each conversational turn, thereby allowing for more focused integration of external knowledge than has been possible in prior approaches. To support further research on knowledge-grounded conversation, we introduce a new large-scale conversation dataset grounded in external web pages (2.8M turns, 7.4M sentences of grounding). Both human evaluation and automated metrics show that our approach results in more contentful responses compared to a variety of previous methods, improving both the informativeness and diversity of generated output.
Quorum sensing and virulence regulation in<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> (2008)

It is now clear that cell-cell communication, often referred to as quorum sensing (QS), is the norm in the prokaryotic kingdom and this community-wide genetic regulatory mechanism has been adopted for regulation of many important biological functions. Since the 1980s, several types of QS signals have been identified, which are associated commonly with different types of QS mechanisms. Among them, the diffusible signal factor (DSF)-dependent QS system, originally discovered from bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, is a relatively new regulatory mechanism. The rapid research progress over the last few years has identified the chemical structure of the QS signal DSF, established the DSF regulon, and unveiled the general signaling pathways and mechanisms. Particular noteworthy are that DSF biosynthesis is modulated by a novel posttranslational autoinduction mechanism involving protein-protein interaction between the DSF synthase RpfF and the sensor RpfC, and that QS signal sensing is coupled to intracellular regulatory networks through a second messenger cyclic-di-GMP and a global regulator Clp. Genomic and genetic analyses show that the DSF QS-signaling pathway regulates diverse biological functions including virulence, biofilm dispersal, and ecological competence. Moreover, evidence is emerging that the DSF QS system is conserved in a range of plant and human bacterial pathogens.
Hydrogen exchange and structural dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids (1983)

Though the structures presented in crystallographic models of macromolecules appear to possess rock-like solidity, real proteins and nucleic acids are not particularly rigid. Most structural work to date has centred upon the native state of macromolecules, the most probable macromolecular form. But the native state of a molecule is merely its most abundant form, certainly not its only form. Thermodynamics requires that all other possible structural forms, however improbable, must also exist, albeit with representation corresponding to the factor exp( — G i / RT ) for each state of free energy G i (see Moelwyn-Hughes, 1961), and one appreciates that each molecule within a population of molecules will in time explore the vast ensemble of possible structural states.
CHAOTIC PULSATION IN HUMAN CAPILLARY VESSELS AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS (1992)

We found a chaotic pulsation in a finger’s capillary vessels in both normal subjects and psychiatric patients, as well as cardiac chaos. A proof of chaos was made by the reconstruction of the dynamics in phase space and the calculation of the Lyapunov exponents. From the aspect of chaotic information processing, we give a measure of the information storage capacity of the observed chaos. We also found a difference in the topology of capillary and cardiac chaos, and a difference in their dependence on the subject’s conditions.
A desensitization‐selective potentiator of AMPA‐type glutamate receptors (2002)

1: We examined the effects of PEPA, an allosteric potentiator of AMPA receptors, on AMPA receptor kinetics. 2: PEPA did not affect the deactivation of glutamate responses but potently attenuated the extent of receptor desensitization without slowing the onset of desensitization in most of the recombinant AMPA receptors (GluR1-flip, GluR1-flop, GluR3-flip, GluR3-flip+GluR2-flip, and GluR3-flop+GluR2-flop) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. For the GluR3-flop subunit, PEPA attenuated the extent of desensitization and only weakly prolonged deactivation (1.3 fold). 3: PEPA did not significantly affect recovery from desensitization in oocytes expressing GluR3-flip, GluR1-flop, and GluR1-flop, but weakly accelerated (2.6 fold) recovery from desensitization in oocytes expressing GluR3-flop. 4: PEPA's effect on desensitization of GluR3-flop-containing receptors is unique in that onset is very slow. 5: Simulation studies using simplified kinetic models for AMPA receptors are utilized to explore the differential effects of PEPA on GluR3-flip and -flop. It is possible to simulate the action on GluR3-flip by modulating two rate constants in a 12-state kinetic model. For simulation of the action on GluR3-flop, the 12-state kinetic model is not enough, and it is necessary to invoke a 13th state, a PEPA-bound receptor to which glutamate cannot bind. 6: These results suggest that attenuation of extent of desensitization represents the principal mechanism underlying the potentiation of AMPA receptors by PEPA, and that PEPA exhibits different mechanisms with respect to GluR3-flip and GluR3-flop.
Adenosine receptor antagonists potentiate dopamine receptor agonist-induced rotational behavior in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats (1993)

Adenosine receptor antagonists, DMPX, PACPX and theophylline, produce contralateral rotations in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. DMPX and theophylline markedly increase rotations produced by bromocriptine (a dopamine D2 receptor agonist) and/or SKF38393A (a dopamine D1 receptor agonist). All of these effects are inhibited by CGS21680C (an adenosine A2 receptor agonist). These findings suggest synergistic interactions among D1, D2 and A2 receptors that may be relevant to the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Bifunctional CD22 Ligands Use Multimeric Immunoglobulins as Protein Scaffolds in Assembly of Immune Complexes on B Cells (2008)

CD22 is a B cell-specific sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) whose function as a regulator of B cell signaling is modulated by its interaction with glycan ligands bearing the sequence NeuAc alpha2-6Gal. To date, only highly multivalent polymeric ligands (n = 450) have achieved sufficient avidity to bind to CD22 on native B cells. Here we demonstrate that a synthetic bifunctional molecule comprising a ligand of CD22 linked to an antigen (nitrophenol; NP) can use a monoclonal anti-NP IgM as a decavalent protein scaffold to efficiently drive assembly of IgM-CD22 complexes on the surface of native B cells. Surprisingly, anti-NP antibodies of lower valency, IgA (n = 4) and IgG (n = 2), were also found to drive complex formation, though with lower avidity. Ligands bearing alternate linkers of variable length and structure were constructed to establish the importance of a minimal length requirement, and versatility in the structural requirement. We show that the ligand drives assembly of IgM complexes exclusively on the surface of B cells and not other classes of white blood cells that do not express CD22, which lends itself to the possibility of targeting B cells in certain hematopoietic malignancies.
A novel GH secretagogue, A233, exhibits enhanced growth activity and innate immune system stimulation in teleosts fish (2012)

In teleosts fish, secretion of GH is regulated by several hypothalamic factors that are influenced by the physiological state of the animal. There is an interaction between immune and endocrine systems through hormones and cytokines. GH in fish is involved in many physiological processes that are not overtly growth related, such as saltwater osmoregulation, antifreeze synthesis, and the regulation of sexual maturation and immune functions. This study was conducted to characterize a decapeptide compound A233 (GKFDLSPEHQ) designed by molecular modeling to evaluate its function as a GH secretagogue (GHS). In pituitary cell culture, the peptide A233 induces GH secretion and it is also able to increase superoxide production in tilapia head-kidney leukocyte cultures. This effect is blocked by preincubation with the GHS receptor antagonist [d-Lys(3)]-GHRP6. Immunoneutralization of GH by addition of anti-tilapia GH monoclonal antibody blocked the stimulatory effect of A233 on superoxide production. These experiments propose a GH-mediated mechanism for the action of A233. The in vivo biological action of the decapeptide was also demonstrated for growth stimulation in goldfish and tilapia larvae (P<0.001). Superoxide dismutase levels, antiprotease activity, and lectin titer were enhanced in tilapia larvae treated with this novel molecule. The decapeptide A233 designed by molecular modeling is able to function as a GHS in teleosts and enhance parameters of the innate immune system in the fish larvae.
CloudSim: A Novel Framework for Modeling and Simulation of Cloud Computing Infrastructures and Services (2009)

Cloud computing focuses on delivery of reliable, secure, fault-tolerant, sustainable, and scalable infrastructures for hosting Internet-based application services. These applications have different composition, configuration, and deployment requirements. Quantifying the performance of scheduling and allocation policy on a Cloud infrastructure (hardware, software, services) for different application and service models under varying load, energy performance (power consumption, heat dissipation), and system size is an extremely challenging problem to tackle. To simplify this process, in this paper we propose CloudSim: a new generalized and extensible simulation framework that enables seamless modelling, simulation, and experimentation of emerging Cloud computing infrastructures and management services. The simulation framework has the following novel features: (i) support for modelling and instantiation of large scale Cloud computing infrastructure, including data centers on a single physical computing node and java virtual machine; (ii) a self-contained platform for modelling data centers, service brokers, scheduling, and allocations policies; (iii) availability of virtualization engine, which aids in creation and management of multiple, independent, and co-hosted virtualized services on a data center node; and (iv) flexibility to switch between space-shared and time-shared allocation of processing cores to virtualized services.
Probing opioid receptor–ligand interactions by employment of indolizidin‐9‐one amino acid as a constrained Gly<sup>2</sup>‐Gly<sup>3</sup> surrogate in a leucine‐enkephalin mimic (2001)

The relationship between the conformation and biological activity of Leu-enkephalin was studied using (2S,6R,8S)-9-oxo-8-N-(Boc)amino-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-2-carboxylic acid [(2S,6R,8S)-1, I(9)AA] as a constrained Gly(2)-Gly(3) dipeptide surrogate. [I(9)AA](2,3)-Leu-enkephalin 12 was assembled using solid-phase peptide synthesis on Merrifield resin with TBTU as the coupling reagent. The in vitro assays indicated that [I(9)AA](2,3)-Leu-enkephalin 12 exhibited affinities for the mu- and delta-opioid receptors that were three orders of magnitude lower than that of Leu-enkephalin, as well as partial agonist character for both receptors. In in vivo assays for spinal analgesia, the indolizidinone analog 12 showed significantly enhanced duration of action, indicating an increased metabolic stability. Conformational analysis was performed using NMR and CD spectroscopy. The amide temperature coefficients and 3J(NH-CalphaH) coupling constants for 12 could not support a hydrogen-bonded beta-turn structure; however, its CD spectrum indicated a turn conformation. Incorporation of indolizidinone amino acid 1 into Leu-enkephalin thus provided additional support for the importance of a turn conformation for the biological activity of the native peptide.
Selective plasma nitridation and contrast reversed etching of silicon (2001)

A new method of selectively patterning a silicon substrate with silicon dioxide and silicon nitride is demonstrated. An oxide patterned silicon substrate is directly nitrided using a microwave generated nitrogen plasma. Upon subsequent selective wet chemical etching using KOH, the oxide is removed and etching proceeds into the silicon, revealing a contrast reversed pattern of the oxide. The etch resistance of the nitrided surface is maximized by increasing the microwave power, pressure, and nitridation duration. The etch rate of silicon dioxide is negligibly affected and its etch rate is nearly the same as before nitridation. Compositional analysis of the nitride and the nitrided oxide using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that microwave plasma nitridation produces Si–N covalent bonds.