gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction (2013)

The focus of this volume, on Middle English and Latin material in prose and verse, concerns the preaching of the word of God in an expansive sense in late medieval England. This collection of essays explores the multiple ways in which the sermon in England in the later Middle Ages both influenced and was influenced by other devotional and didactic material, both implicitly and explicitly. The essays pay special attention to examples of textual complexity in the sermon as manifested in the manuscript and early printed traditions. By examining sermon technique and methodology contributors present related material that either travels alongside sermons or shares the same preaching or teaching milieu. While analysing sermons and other homiletic material, the essays also explore areas, such as the dating and illustration of incunabula, which have an important bearing on the sermons and devotional literature of the period, but are normally studied in an isolated fashion. These fit in well with the particular emphasis in the collection on the sermon in the early printed period. In addition, attention is paid to some of the ways in which sermon-study was first brought to the fore by late nineteenth-century editors and early twentieth-century commentators. In this way various threads are brought together, new texts and ideas presented, and potential future avenues for research suggested that will continue to be important for an understanding of sermons and related religious literature in late medieval England.
Prediction and Analysis of Surface Hydrophobic Residues in Tertiary Structure of Proteins (2014)

The analysis of protein structures provides plenty of information about the factors governing the folding and stability of proteins, the preferred amino acids in the protein environment, the location of the residues in the interior/surface of a protein and so forth. In general, hydrophobic residues such as Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, and Met tend to be buried in the interior and polar side chains exposed to solvent. The present work depends on sequence as well as structural information of the protein and aims to understand nature of hydrophobic residues on the protein surfaces. It is based on the nonredundant data set of 218 monomeric proteins. Solvent accessibility of each protein was determined using NACCESS software and then obtained the homologous sequences to understand how well solvent exposed and buried hydrophobic residues are evolutionarily conserved and assigned the confidence scores to hydrophobic residues to be buried or solvent exposed based on the information obtained from conservation score and knowledge of flanking regions of hydrophobic residues. In the absence of a three-dimensional structure, the ability to predict surface accessibility of hydrophobic residues directly from the sequence is of great help in choosing the sites of chemical modification or specific mutations and in the studies of protein stability and molecular interactions.
Autonomous Control of Parafoils Using Upper Surface Spoilers (2013)

The limited control authority and sensing capability of current airdrop systems make it extremely difficult for an autonomous system to recover from unanticipated changes in the wind profile near the ground. The addition of glide slope control to conventional lateral control of guided airdrop systems has shown the ability to provide dramatic improvements in landing accuracy. Additionally, upper surface aerodynamic spoilers using canopy bleed air have been shown to be an extremely effective means of both lateral and longitudinal control of parafoil and payload aircraft. The current work investigates the effect on landing accuracy of an autonomous parafoil and payload aircraft using upper surface spoilers for lateral and longitudinal control combined with a specialized control law to leverage the added authority this control mechanism provides. When used for lateral control alone, upper surface spoilers provide sufficient lateral control authority to achieve the same landing performance as typical airdrop systems utilizing the typical trailing edge brake control. Simulation results demonstrate that when using the spoilers for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal control, nearly a factor of 4 improvement is obtained in landing accuracy compared to conventional control strategies.
MorphoRuEval-2017: an Evaluation Track for the Automatic Morphological Analysis Methods for Russian (2017)

MorphoRuEval-2017 is an evaluation campaign designed to stimulate the development of the automatic morphological processing technologies for Russian, both for normative texts (news, ction, non ction) and those of less formal nature (blogs and other social media). This article compares the methods participants used to solve the task of morphological analysis. It also discusses the problem of uni cation of various existing training col- lections for Russian language
Influence of emulsoid vehicle on the release and activity of allantoin. (1992)

Samples which contain 2% (w/w) of allantoin in various emulsified vehicles were prepared and characterized. The influence of vehicle on releasing and diffusion of allantoin through semipermeable membrane into an aqueous medium was examined and the quantity of released allantoin was estimated spectrophotometrically. The best results were achieved with ambiphilic vehicle emulsified with complex Tagat S-Tegin M which in the aqueous phase contained propylene glycol (sample A2). On the contrary, with both lanacolic vehicles, the poorest results were achieved in vitro. On the basis of the results for clinical evaluation, the best preparation was chosen (A2) and the preparation with lanacolic vehicle which contains propylene glycol (B2). Before the application of samples, each patient was tested for irritation and sensitization. All test were negative. During further clinical examinations on patients suffering from psoriasis an open double trial for the duration of 14 d was performed. For the evaluation of the efficacy of the examined preparations, objective parameters of the clinical picture were observed (the state of hyperkeratosis, of erythema and infiltration) as well as subjective parameters which were evaluated by the patients themselves. When the in vitro results are compared with clinical estimation, it is evident that they correspond only when characteristics of the preparation are estimated by patients (smearing, absorption and feeling on the skin), because the best preparation was in these cases A2. Both preparations are equally good when regression of subjective symptoms is evaluated (itching and burning). In the objective evaluation of the regression of visible symptoms, such as hyperkeratosis and erythema, results of the clinical experiment do not correspond with results in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Popularly-Elected Presidency as a Focus of Constitutional Choice: Explaining the Taiwanese Case, 1986-96 (1999)

Literature concerning constitutional choice usually fails to distinguish between the genesis and function of an institution. As a result, the question of how constitutional systems are initially chosen is usually ignored. This gap generates a situation where, while parliamentarianism is preferred by most scholars, presidentialism is chosen more frequently by newly democratized nations. This paper is an attempt to bridge this gap by looking into the experience of Taiwan from 1986 to 1996. In general, the constitutional choice in Taiwan can be explained by the focus of the agenda-a popularly-elected presidency. After the fourth stage of constitutional reform in 1997, the ROC system has come to resemble more and more, in Shugart and Carey’s terms, the premier-parliamentary system. Several findings can be reported: (1) The issue of a popularly-elected presidency was built as a ‘focal point” in the process through the establishment of three political pacts among rivals. The participants ‘pact-building efforts were all based on considerations of advancing partisan interests by exploiting President Lee Teng-hui’s inherited strongman position. (2) The focal point was enforced by the idea of popular sovereignty, which was a tacit agreement among all rivals though with different interpretations. Under the agreement, people gradually coordinated their opinions toward favoring a directly-elected presidency. (3) The focal point helped to coordinate actions and stabilize the reform process, but has not guaranteed the stable functioning of the system because of the possibility of divided government or cohabitation in the future.
Clinical significance in COPD patients followed in a real practice (2013)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important public health issue in many countries which is estimated to become the fifth cause of disability and the third cause of mortality in the world within 2020. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics in the real clinical practice of a sample of patients with COPD followed in a pulmonology clinic. Methods: The initial sample contained 207 subjects with respiratory claims that searched for specialized treatment and initiated regular monitoring between 2004 and 2009 in a private clinic localized in Cascavel, in the state of Parana, Brazil. Demographic data (weight, height, body mass index - BMI), history of comorbidities, use of respiratory and non respiratory drugs were also registered. Results: The main cause related to the development of COPD was current or prior smoking (92.0%); the most frequently reported symptom was dyspnea (95.0%), followed by cough (86.1%), wheezing (69.4%) and sputum production (40.0%). During the follow up, 51 patients developed the need for oxygen therapy (28.3%). In 96 patients, there were periods of acute exacerbation, resulting in 37 hospitalizations. In addition to COPD, a significant number of comorbidities were identified, being cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders the most prevalent ones. Conclusions: Based on the data collected, we could outline the profile of patients with COPD, showing characteristics of an elderly population, with multiple comorbidities, suggesting a health related quality of life lower than expected.
Inhibition of Cytomegalovirus Replication with Extended-Half-Life Synthetic Ozonides (2018)

Artesunate (AS), a semisynthetic artemisinin approved for malaria therapy, inhibits human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication <i>in vitro</i>, but therapeutic success in humans has been variable. We hypothesized that the short <i>in vivo</i> half-life of AS may contribute to the different treatment outcomes. We tested novel synthetic ozonides with longer half-lives against HCMV <i>in vitro</i> and mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) <i>in vivo</i> Screening of the activities of four ozonides against a pp28-luciferase-expressing HCMV Towne recombinant identified OZ418 to have the best selectivity; its effective concentration inhibiting viral growth by 50% (EC<sub>50</sub>) was 9.8 ± 0.2 µM, and cytotoxicity in noninfected human fibroblasts (the concentration inhibiting cell growth by 50% [CC<sub>50</sub>]) was 128.1 ± 8.0 µM. In plaque reduction assays, OZ418 inhibited HCMV TB40 in a concentration-dependent manner as well as a ganciclovir (GCV)-resistant HCMV isolate. The combination of OZ418 and GCV was synergistic in HCMV inhibition <i>in vitro</i> Virus inhibition by OZ418 occurred at an early stage and was dependent on the cell density at the time of infection. OZ418 treatment reversed HCMV-mediated cell cycle progression and correlated with the reduction of HCMV-induced expression of pRb, E2F1, and cyclin-dependent kinases 1, 2, 4, and 6. In an MCMV model, once-daily oral administration of OZ418 had significantly improved efficacy against MCMV compared to that of twice-daily oral AS. A parallel pharmacokinetic study with a single oral dose of OZ418 or AS showed a prolonged plasma half-life and higher unbound concentrations of OZ418 than unbound concentrations of AS. In summary, ozonides are proposed to be potential therapeutics, alone or in combination with GCV, for HCMV infection in humans.
Heterocycle construction using the biomass-derived building block itaconic acid (2014)

This critical review discusses the diverse array of heterocyclic motifs that are available from the biomass-derived building block itaconic acid.
THE ELECTROLYSIS OF SOME ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH ALTERNATING CURRENT (1939)

The a-c. electrolysis of a number of organic compounds was carried out in order to ascertain what products might be obtained, what electrolytic conditions affected the nature and the yield of products, and to discover the general relations governing oxidation and reduction when a.c. is used. Oxidation was found to predominate over reduction, owing, probably, to the relatively low hydrogen overvoltage on the electrodes. The effect of varying the conditions of a-c. electrolysis was in general similar to that observed in d-c. electrolysis. Satisfactory yields were obtained only when a product of an irreversible process was concerned. A good yield of quinhydrone from the a-c. electrolysis of hydroquinone was secured at a relatively high current density. The chlorination of acetone by the a-c. electrolysis of a solution of acetic anhydride in hydrochloric acid gave a current yield of 35% at a current density of 2 amp. per cm 2 .
A decision tree-based multimodal data mining framework for soccer goal detection (2004)

We propose a new multimedia data mining framework for the extraction of soccer goal events in soccer videos by using combined multimodal analysis and decision tree logic. The extracted events can be used to index the soccer videos. We first adopt an advanced video shot detection method to produce shot boundaries and some important visual features. Then, the visual/audio features are extracted for each shot at different granularities. This rich multimodal feature set is filtered by a pre-filtering step to clean the noise as well as to reduce the irrelevant data. A decision tree model is built upon the cleaned data set and is used to classify the goal shots. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for soccer goal extraction.
Performance of multi-level QAM with post-detection maximal ratio combining space diversity for digital land-mobile radio communications (1993)

A new type of post-detection maximal ratio combining for space diversity receivers in digital land-mobile communications is proposed. The combining scheme is designed for multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and employs a pilot-symbol-aided fading estimator. It is realized at baseband using a digital signal processing (DSP) technique to simplify the receiver hardware. Computer simulation and laboratory experiments confirm that the proposed diversity scheme achieves a performance very close to that of ideal maximal ratio combining.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Procrastinator (2014)

Generations of computer programmers are taught to prefetch network objects in computer science classes. In practice, prefetching can be harmful to the user's wallet when she is on a limited or pay-per-byte cellular data plan. Many popular, professionally-written smartphone apps today prefetch large amounts of network data that the typical user may never use. We present Procrastinator, which automatically decides when to fetch each network object that an app requests. This decision is made based on whether the user is on Wi-Fi or cellular, how many bytes are remaining on the user's data plan, and whether the object is needed at the present time. Procrastinator does not require app developer effort, nor app source code, nor OS changes -- it modifies the app binary to trap specific system calls and inject custom code. Our system can achieve as little as no savings to 4X reduction in total bytes transferred by an app, depending on the user and the app. These savings for the data-poor user come with a 300ms median latency penalty on LTE.
High-fidelity amplified FISH for the detection and allelic discrimination of single mRNA molecules (2019)

Amplification of signals by the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is a powerful approach for increasing signal strength in single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization, but probes tagged with an HCR initiator sequence are prone to producing false signals. Here we describe a system of interacting hairpin binary probes in which the HCR initiator sequence is conditionally sequestered. The binding of these probes to a perfectly complementary target unmasks the initiator, enabling the generation of an amplified signal. This probe system can distinguish single-nucleotide variations within single mRNA molecules and produces amplified signals in situ for both mutant and wild-type variants, each in a distinguishable color. This technology will augment studies of imbalanced allelic expression and will be useful for the detection of somatic mutations in cancer biopsies. By tiling these probes along the length of an mRNA target, enhanced signals can be obtained, thereby enabling the scanning of tissue sections for gene expression utilizing lower magnification microscopy, overcoming tissue autofluorescence, and allowing the detection of low-abundance biomarkers in flow cytometry.
A Platform for Integrating Physical Devices in the Internet of Things (2014)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a paradigm in which smart things actively collaborate among them and with other physical and virtual objects available in the Web in order to perform high-level tasks. IoT environments are typically characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, thus encompassing devices with different capabilities, functionalities, and network protocols. In such a scenario, it is necessary to provide abstractions for physical devices and services to applications and end-users, as well as means to manage the interoperability between such heterogeneous elements. In this context, we introduce EcoDiF (Web Ecosystem of Physical Devices), a Web-based platform for integrating heterogeneous physical devices with applications and users in order to provide services to support real-time data control, visualization, processing, and storage. In this paper, we present the main features of EcoDiF and detail its architecture and implementation, which is based on well-known Web technologies such as HTTP, REST, EEML, and EMML. Furthermore, we present a preliminary evaluation of an EcoDiF prototype through proof-of-concept applications from different domains as well as a performance analysis of the platform.
A 50ns DSP with parallel processing architecture (1987)

This report will cover a programmable DSP that avoids I/O bottlenecks through a two-level hierarchy of instructions. The IC contains 430K transistors on a 149mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die.
T Cell Epitope Mapping of the Smith Antigen Reveals That Highly Conserved Smith Antigen Motifs Are the Dominant Target of T Cell Immunity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2001)

B cell and T cell immunity to the Smith Ag (Sm) is a characteristic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have shown that T cell immunity against Sm can be detected in SLE patients, and that T and B cell immunity against Sm are linked in vivo. TCR usage by Sm-reactive T cells is highly restricted and characteristic of an Ag-driven immune response. Sm is a well-characterized complex Ag consisting of proteins B1, B2, D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G. A unique feature of all Sm proteins is the presence of homologous motifs, Sm motif 1 and Sm motif 2. We used limiting dilution cloning and synthetic peptide Ags to characterize the human T cell immune response against Sm in seven SLE patients. We sought to determine the precise antigenic peptides recognized, the common features of antigenic structure recognized, and the evolution of the T cell response against Sm. We found there was a highly restricted set of Sm self-peptides recognized by T cells, with three epitopes on Sm-B and two epitopes on Sm-D. We found that T cell immunity against Sm-B and Sm-D was encoded within the highly conserved Sm motif 1 and Sm motif 2, and that immunity against these epitopes appeared stable. The present study supports the concept that T cell immunity to Sm is an Ag-driven immune response directed against a highly restricted set of self-peptides, encoded within Sm motif 1 and Sm motif 2, that is shared among all Sm proteins.
Assessment of design tools for ideation (2011)

Designers interact with a wide range of design tools, in a variety of ways, in order to support their work. Any attempt to produce digital tools aimed at supporting ideation raises the question of the kind of information considered account and what is appropriate to the needs and expectations of designers. We developed and implemented an assessment method for digitally supported conceptual design based on reflective conversation, flow, cognitive ergonomics and activity theory. Our approach opens up the evaluation spectrum to include parameters beyond performances factors for conceiving new digital design tools. This assessment approach considers user (the designer), action (ideation) and object (the tool) in the ideation process, namely the designerÂs experience interrelated to the needs of the task and the characteristics of the tool. In this paper we present the results of several research protocols in which we observed, analyzed and successively acted upon five different stages of the interface of a design tool as it was being developed, the Hybrid Ideation Space (HIS). Taken as a whole, these results suggest the limits and support of designersÂ optimal relationship with an ideation interface.
Variation of Permittivity with Electric Field in Perovskite-Like Ferroelectrics (1961)

A model is considered for the case of polycrystalline ferroelectrics in which each crystallite is presumed to behave according to a free-energy function of the type formulated by A. F. Devonshire [Advances in Phys. 3, 85 (1954)] for BaTiO3. The Curie temperatures for the individual grains are taken in a Gaussian distribution about some chosen temperature. The permittivity is obtained by averaging with this distribution over all of the crystallites. In accordance with the free-energy function, it is assumed that the electric field induces a ferroelectric axis in those crystallites of the distribution which are not ferroelectric at a given temperature. On the basis of experimental evidence, 90° reorientation of domains in the ferroelectric part of the distribution is presumed to be negligible for semistatic and dynamic fields. Despite the seemingly severe restriction imposed by the latter assumption, a large field sensitivity is predicted. Agreement between the theory and experimental data is excellent for both parallel and transverse fields. It is concluded that the variation of incremental permittivity is associated with an induced ferroelectric state rather than being directly a property of domain processes, and that a large variation with field must necessarily be accompanied by strong thermal sensitivity.