gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental Competence of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos Reconstructed from Oocytes Matured <i>In Vitro</i> with Follicle Shells in Miniature Pig (2005)

The developmental competence of domestic pig oocytes that were transferred to somatic cell nuclei of miniature pig was examined. A co-culture system of oocytes with follicle shells was used for the maturation of domestic pig oocytes in vitro. Co-cultured oocytes progressed to the metaphase II stage of meiosis more quickly and more synchronously than non co-cultured oocytes. Oocytes were enucleated and fused with fibroblast cells of Potbelly miniature pig at 48 h of maturation. The blastocyst formation rate of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos using cocultured oocytes (24%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of non-co-cultured oocytes (13%). Cleaved embryos at 48 h after nuclear transfer using co-cultured oocytes were transferred to the oviducts of 14 Göttingen miniature pigs and four Meishan pigs. Estrus of all Göttingens returned at around 20-31 days of pregnancy. Two of the four Meishans became pregnant. Three and two cloned piglets were born after modest number of embryo transfer (15 and 29 embryos transferred), respectively. These results indicated that oocytes co-cultured with follicle shells have a high developmental competence after nuclear transfer and result in full-term development after embryo transfer.
CMOS-MEMS resonator as a signal generator for fully-adiabatic logic circuits (2005)

Fully-adiabatic (thermodynamically reversible) logic is one of the few promising approaches to low-power logic design. To maximize the system power-performance of an adiabatic circuit requires an ultra low-loss on-chip clock source, which can generate an output signal with a quasi-trapezoidal (flat-topped) voltage waveform. In this paper, we propose to use high-<i>Q</i> MEMS resonators to generate the custom waveform. The big challenge in the MEMS resonator design is that a non-sinusoidal (quasi-trapezoidal) waveform needs to be generated even though the resonator oscillates sinusoidally. Our solution is to customize the shape of the sensing comb fingers of the resonator, with the result that the sensing capacitance varies quasi-trapezoidally. The effective quality factor and the area-efficiency of the microstructure have been optimized so as to minimize the whole system’s power dissipation and cost at a given frequency. A resonator design with a 100 kHz resonant frequency based on a standard TSMC 0.35μm CMOS process has been fabricated. The resonator has an area of 300 μm by 160 μm with a thickness of 30 μm. Three-dimensional field simulation shows that the resonator generates a quasi-trapezoidal waveform when it operates at its resonance. An on-chip buffer is also designed for monitoring the waveform generated by the MEMS resonator. The post-CMOS fabrication process is compatible with standard CMOS processes. Thus the custom clock generator can be integrated with logic circuits on the same CMOS chip. The size of the MEMS resonator can be further reduced by design optimization and advances in micro/nano-fabrication technology.
A simplified method for determination of specific DNA or RNA copy number using quantitative PCR and an automatic DNA sequencer. (1992)

Quantification of specific RNA or DNA molecules that are present in minute amounts in biological samples has previously been performed using PCR in the presence of an internal standard. We have adapted this concept by introducing several modifications that facilitate the quantification of the products and obviate the need for radioisotopes. After amplification, individual products are separated on sequencing gels and directly quantified using a fluorescent automated DNA sequencer. We describe two applications of this approach: the quantitation of minute amounts of bcr-abl hybrid mRNA from malignant cells and the determination of gene copy number in cells stably transfected with a plasmid bearing a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene.
Multimedia Annotation, Querying, and Analysis in Anvil (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Anvil: A Multimedia Annotation Tool Related Annotation Tools Database Integration Integrating Motion Capture Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgments
Gene therapy provides long-term visual function in a pre-clinical model of retinitis pigmentosa (2012)

Approximately 36 000 cases of simplex and familial retinitis pigmentosa (RP) worldwide are caused by a loss in phosphodiesterase (PDE6) function. In the preclinical Pde6α(nmf363) mouse model of this disease, defects in the α-subunit of PDE6 result in a progressive loss of photoreceptors and neuronal function. We hypothesized that increasing PDE6α levels using an AAV2/8 gene therapy vector could improve photoreceptor survival and retinal function. We utilized a vector with the cell-type-specific rhodopsin (RHO) promoter: AAV2/8(Y733F)-Rho-Pde6α, to transduce Pde6α(nmf363) retinas and monitored its effects over a 6-month period (a quarter of the mouse lifespan). We found that a single injection enhanced survival of photoreceptors and improved retinal function. At 6 months of age, the treated eyes retained photoreceptor cell bodies, while there were no detectable photoreceptors remaining in the untreated eyes. More importantly, the treated eyes demonstrated functional visual responses even after the untreated eyes had lost all vision. Despite focal rescue of the retinal structure adjacent to the injection site, global functional rescue of the entire retina was observed. These results suggest that RP due to PDE6α deficiency in humans, in addition to PDE6β deficiency, is also likely to be treatable by gene therapy.
Analysis of Coherent and Non-Coherent Symmetric Cancellation Coding for OFDM Over a Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channel (2006)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems for mobile applications suffer from inter-carrier-interference (ICI) due to frequency offset and to time-variation of the channels and from high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we revisit symmetric cancellation coding (SCC) proposed by Sathananthan et al. and compare the effectiveness of SCC employing a fixed subtraction combining with the well-known polynomial cancellation coding (PCC) over Rayleigh fading channels with Doppler spread in terms of the signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) and bit-error-rate (BER). We also compare our SCC employing subtraction combining with SCC of Sathananthan et al. employing maximum ratio combining (MRC). Our results show that, our SCC-OFDM gives higher SINR than PCC-OFDM over the flat Rayleigh fading channel, and that this superiority is not maintained under multi-path induced frequency-selective fading unless diversity combining is used. However, we show that, for frequency-selective fading channels, our SCC-OFDM in conjunction with differential modulation in frequency domain shows better performance than PCC-OFDM and normal OFDM for a certain range of Doppler spread. Finally, we also demonstrate that the SCC-OFDM signal has less PAPR compared to the normal OFDM and PCC-OFDM.
Chaperone Function of Hsp90-Associated Proteins (1996)

The Hsp90 heat shock protein of eukaryotic cells regulates the activity of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways and may direct intracellular protein folding in general. Hsp90 performs at least part of its function in a complex with a specific set of partner proteins that include members of the prolyl isomerase family. The properties of the major components of the Hsp90 complex were examined through the use of in vitro protein folding assays. Two of the components, FKBP52 and p23, functioned as mechanistically distinct molecular chaperones. These results suggest the existence of a super-chaperone complex in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
A Study of the Polymerization of α- and β-Pinene with Friedel—Crafts Type Catalysts (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of the Polymerization of α- and β-Pinene with Friedel—Crafts Type CatalystsWilliam J. Roberts and Allan R. DayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 3, 1226–1230Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01159a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01159a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views975Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fully dense P/M components produced by hot isostatic pressing (1999)

Over the last 25 years, thousands of powder metallurgy parts have been consolidated to full density by hot isostatic pressing and used in many critical applications. With an annual production approximating 6.8M kg (7,500st), hot isostatic pressing is the preferred commercial process for achieving full density in parts made from metal powders. To ensure uniformity and process consistency, gas-atomized, pre-alloyed powders are normally used. These powders are essentially spherical and are processed through the steps of screening, blending, and container loading prior to hot isostatic pressing. Following consolidation, parts may be used as is, or they may be thermo-mechanically processed, heat treated, and/or non-destructively tested, depending on final usage. Applications taking advantage of the improved performance of hot isostatic pressed powder metallurgy parts include high temperature rotating components for aircraft and marine gas turbine systems, corrosion resistant pressure bearing components for petrochemical equipment, nuclear reactors, medical implants and components for hot and cold working tools and dies.
Study on RCS Reduction of Patch Array Using Switchable Absorption/Transmission Surface (2016)

Radar cross section (RCS) of a patch array antenna is reduced using a switchable absorption/transmission surface. The switchable surface performs as between a radar absorber and transmission surface using diodes at 9GHz. The switchable surface was applied to the radome of a patch array and its radiation pattern and RCS reduction were evaluated. The gain and the radiation pattern with the radome was equivalent to that without the radome. The RCS reduction with the radome was 25dB compared to that without the radome.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Glycine N-acyltransferase in Japanese Individuals (2009)

In the present study, we identified 5 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene ofglycine N-acyltransferase (GlyAT) by resequencing the entire coding region and the exon-intron junctions from 95 Japanese individuals. The allelic frequencies of 5 novel SNPs were 0.016 for -695T>C, 0.021 for -260C>T, 0.005 for 290C>T, 0.005 for 19371G>A, and 0.005 for 21289G>A. Genetic variants of -979C>G and 21409A>G were in perfect linkage disequilibrium with 21364A>G and 21422C>T, respectively. The nonsynonymous SNP, 21289G>A (Arg131His) in exon 5, was also genotyped in 31 Caucasian individuals, but none of them possessed 21289A (131His) allele.
Quantitative morphological characterization of bicontinuous Pickering emulsions <i>via</i> interfacial curvatures (2016)

Bicontinuous Pickering emulsions (bijels) are a physically interesting class of soft materials with many potential applications including catalysis, microfluidics and tissue engineering. They are created by arresting the spinodal decomposition of a partially-miscible liquid with a (jammed) layer of interfacial colloids. Porosity L (average interfacial separation) of the bijel is controlled by varying the radius (r) and volume fraction (ϕ) of the colloids (L∝r/ϕ). However, to optimize the bijel structure with respect to other parameters, e.g. quench rate, characterizing by L alone is insufficient. Hence, we have used confocal microscopy and X-ray CT to characterize a range of bijels in terms of local and area-averaged interfacial curvatures; we further demonstrate that bijels are bicontinuous using an image-analysis technique known as 'region growing'. In addition, the curvatures of bijels have been monitored as a function of time, which has revealed an intriguing evolution up to 60 minutes after bijel formation, contrary to previous understanding.
E cient XPath Axis Evaluation for DOM Data Structures (2004)

In this article we propose algorithms for implementing the axes for element nodes in XPath given a DOM-like representation of the document. Each algorithm assumes an input list that is sorted in document order and duplicate-free and returns a sorted and duplicate-free list of the result of following a certain axis from the nodes in the input list. The time complexity of all presented algorithms is at most O(l +m) where l is the size of the input list andm the size of the output list. This improves upon results in [4] where also algorithms with linear time complexity are presented, but these are linear in the size of the entire document whereas our algorithms are linear in the size of the intermediate results which are often much smaller.
CD40-activated B cells can be generated in high number and purity in cancer patients: analysis of immunogenicity and homing potential (2008)

Cellular adjuvants such as dendritic cells (DC) are in the focus of tumour immunotherapy. In DC-vaccine trials, induction of tumour antigen-specific immunity is observed frequently and well-documented clinical responses have been reported. However, the overall response rate is less than 3%, therefore alternative strategies are being investigated. CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B) have been characterized previously as an interesting alternative because they present antigen efficiently and can be expanded by several logs from small amounts of peripheral blood. To determine the central technical challenges of cell-based vaccines we performed a single-patient analysis of 502 patients from DC-based tumour vaccine trials and identified at least three factors contributing to their limited efficiency: (1) lack of cell numbers; (2) lack of documented purity thus high contamination of bystander cells; and (3) lack of quality control and thus heterogeneous or unknown expression of important surface molecules such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and chemokine receptors. Based on these findings we re-evaluated the CD40-B approach in cancer patients. Here, we show that proliferation of B cells from cancer patients is equivalent to that observed in healthy donors. Purity is always > 90% after 2 weeks and remains stable for several weeks. They have comparable antigen-presenting capability determined phenotypically and by allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Expression of CCR7 and CD62L was detected in all samples and B cells migrated towards the relevant homing chemokines. Taken together, CD40-B cells from cancer patients can be expanded in virtually unlimited numbers at high purity and full function concerning antigen-presentation and migratory properties.
Relationship between Survival and Edema in Malignant Gliomas: Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (2007)

VEGF expression was predictive of survival in tumors with little or no edema [Cox proportional hazard model, 6.88; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.61-18.1; P<0.0001], but not in tumors with extensive edema. The expression of several proangiogenic genes, including adrenomedullin (correlation coefficient, 0.80), hypoxia-inducible factor-1A (0.51), and angiopoietin-2 (0.44), was correlated with VEGF expression (all with P<0.0001), whereas that of several antiangiogenic genes was inversely correlated. The expression of six genes was increased greater than 3-fold in edematous versus nonedematous tumors in the absence of increased VEGF expression. The most increased, neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2, 7-fold change), was predictive of survival in tumors with the highest levels of edema, in contrast to VEGF (hazard ratio, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.49-5.02; P=0.049). NPTX2 was tightly correlated with expression of the water channel aquaporin-3 (0.74, P<0.0001). These results suggest that there are both VEGF-dependent and VEGF-independent pathways of edema production in gliomas and may explain why edema is not reduced in some patients following anti-VEGF treatment.
The use of name spaces in Plan 9 (1993)

Plan 9 is a distributed system built at the Computing Sciences Research Center of AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories over the last few years. Its goal is to provide a production-quality system for software development and general computation using heterogeneous hardware and minimal software. A Plan 9 system comprises CPU and file servers in a central location connected together by fast networks. Slower networks fan out to workstation-class machines that serve as user terminals. Plan 9 argues that given a few carefully implemented abstractions it is possible to produce a small operating system that provides support for the largest systems on a variety of architectures and networks. The foundations of the system are built on two ideas: a per-process name space and a simple message-oriented file system protocol.
Experimental Approaches to Evaluate the Thermodynamics of Protein- Drug Interactions (2008)

Precise experimental methods to determine ligand-binding affinity are needed to accelerate the discovery of new drugs. Assessing protein-ligand interaction is of great importance for drug development. One of the techniques that may be used to evaluate ligand-binding affinitty is isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). This experimental methodology may be used to measure the heat of binding of a ligand to a protein. Furthermore, the development of new empirical scoring functions to assess evaluation protein-ligand interaction lack abundance of experimental information to be used to generate reliable scores. ITC technique may be used to fill this gap. Here we describe the application of this technique to ligand-binding affinity determination, and discuss the synergetic relationship between ITC data and the development of a new generation of empirical scoring functions.
Dynamic detector offsets for field of view extension in C‐arm computed tomography with application to weight‐bearing imaging (2015)

Our results show a promising reduction of the necessary scan range especially for ellipsoidal objects that extend the FOV. In noncircular FOVs, there exists a set of solutions that allow a trade-off between detector size and scan range.
Detecting Communities in Social Networks using Max-Min Modularity (2009)

Many datasets can be described in the form of graphs or networks where nodes in the graph represent entities and edges represent relationships between pairs of entities. A common property of these networks is their community structure, considered as clusters of densely connected groups of vertices, with only sparser connections between groups. The identification of such communities relies on some notion of clustering or density measure. which defines the communities that can be found. However, previous community detection methods usually apply the same structural measure on all kinds of networks, despite their distinct dissimilar features. In this paper, we present a new community mining measure, Max-Min Modularity, which considers both connected pairs and criteria defined by domain experts in finding communities, and then specify a hierarchical clustering algorithm to detect communities in networks. When applied to real world networks for which the community structures are already known, our method shows improvement over previous algorithms. In addition, when applied to randomly generated networks for which we only have approximate information about communities, it gives promising results which shows the algorithm's robustness against noise.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE JOGMEC/NRCAN/AURORA MALLIK GAS HYDRATE PRODUCTION TEST PROGRAM (2008)

Design and construction of long term gas hydrate production facilities will require assessment of the in situ formation response to production at a field scale. Key parameters such as temperature and pressure are critical for the determination of phase conditions, others such as formation resistivity, formation acoustic properties and fluid mobility support the inference of gas hydrate saturation, permeability and porosity. An ability to continuously monitor the response of these parameters during the course of a production test would facilitate tracking of the dissociation front and yield valuable information for engineering design and verification of numerical reservoir simulators. Such a monitoring system has been designed, developed and introduced as a part of the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation and Natural Resources Canada gas hydrate production testing program carried out in the winter of 2007 in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada. While the deployment of some sensors and the acquisition of some data sets were limited due to operational problems encountered during the field program, considerable experience has been gained during all phases of the research program. In particular, the acquisition and interpretation of downhole temperature profiles and changes in formation electrical potentials during testing provide insight into the production response of the reservoir and may assist in the understanding of operational conditions and related decision-making processes.
Evaluation of Photonuclear Data of Mo, Zn, S and Cl for Applications (1999)

As part of IAEA CRP on Compilation and evaluation of photonuclear data for applications, we evaluated photoproduction data of Mo, Zn, S and Cl isotopes for medical use and biological applications. Available experimental data were collected and their discrepancies were analyzed to select or reconstruct the representative data set. The photoabsorption cross sections were then evaluated tv applying the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) model for the energies below about 30 MeV and the quasi-deuteron model for energies below 140 MeV. The resulting representative photoabsorption data were given as input for the theoretical calculations for the emission process of light nuclei including neutron, proton, deuteron, triton, , alpha particles and gamma rays by use of the Hauser-Feshbach and the preequilibrium model.
Brittle fracture in materials with random defects (1989)

We study the failure properties of a defected square lattice of Born springs under uniaxial tensile strain. The springs fail completely and irreversibly once a critical strain energy is exceeded. The Born potential provides an effective bending force that yields realistic crack microstructures, which are analyzed in detail. As the defect density increases, the crack becomes increasingly ramified, even though fewer spring failures are required for complete breakdown. The failure stress and Young's modulus approach zero as the system approaches the percolation threshold. Cumulative failure-stress distributions appear consistent with both Weibull and Duxbury-Leath forms. The size and composition of the crack (in terms of initial defects and broken springs) are analyzed as functions of defect density, lattice size, and bending constant.