gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A case study of the contents of radionuclides and of main chemical pollutants in the atmospheric air of Moscow]. (2003)

The article contains data on monitoring the atmospheric air pollution in Moscow. Thus, the below figures are presented: beta ranges from 2.6 E-0.5 to 5.7 E-0.04 Bk/m3, airborne pollutants amount to 3-80 mkg/m3, sulfates--0.002-1.58 mkg(S)/m3, nitrates--0.05-0.75 mkg(N2)/m3 ammonium ions--0.12-1.20 mkg (N2)/m3, sulfuric dioxides--0.11-1.20 mkg (S)/m3. nitric dioxides--0.05-0.5 mlg (N2)/m3 and nitric acid--0.01-0.08 mkg (N2)/m3. The concentration of airborne pollutants exceeds the regional European level (22 mkg/m3) and that of Russia's European part (12 ... 28 mkg/m3) approximately by 1.5 times. It is noteworthy that it reaches 50 ... 70 mkg/m3 in large industrial centers of Europe. The share of sulfuric and nitric acids in the total concentration of airborne pollutants is (by weight) 13%. 0.8 g of sulfur per m2/year and 0.34 g of nitrogen per m2/year fall in the area of Sport-and-Recreation Complex No. 3 with precipitations; the average total beta-activity of atmospheric precipitations amounts to 1.2 Bk/m2 per day. An analysis of relationships between the air dustiness, the ashes samples' weight (of the air) and cuvette (precipitations) is indicative of their direct and tense correlation: the correlation coefficient between dust and ashes samples is 0.716, and between dust and ashes samples of cuvettes--0.559. At the same time, an extremely weak correlation should be pointed out between air dustiness and the total beta-activity of samples--the correlation coefficient is 0.184 (during a warm year season), as well as between dustiness and the beta-activity of cuvettes--0.346.
Transdermal clonidine therapy and nicotine withdrawal. (1989)

SMOKING is a problem of major medical' and economic2 proportions.Addiction to nicotine is extremely difficult to combat, with many treatment methods attempted and variable success rates.3`Clonidinehas recently been shown to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in the early stages of treatment.69We report the cases of two smokers treated with transdermal clonidine, both of whom are nico- tine-free at 12 weeks oftherapy.
Histological changes in experimental periodontal disease in rats monoinfacted with gram‐negative organisms (1978)

Groups of weanling gnotobiotic rats of the Sprague‐Dawley strain were monoinfected with isolates of Cappocytophaga , strains 4, 6 and 27, and with Fusobacterium nucleatum , strain 325, Bacteroides strain 289c and Eikenella corrodens , strain 1073. All caused periodontal disease between the first and second maxillary molars, with migration of the epithelial attachment, destruction of the alveolar bone by osteoclasts and impaction of debris. No plaque was formed. Capnocytophaga , strain 4, caused almost complete destruction of the periodontium by 42 days. The other organisms were less pathogenic, but all caused considerable destruction of the periodontium by 84 days.
Worldwide emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs challenges human health and food security (2018)

The recent rate of emergence of pathogenic fungi that are resistant to the limited number of commonly used antifungal agents is unprecedented. The azoles, for example, are used not only for human and animal health care and crop protection but also in antifouling coatings and timber preservation. The ubiquity and multiple uses of azoles have hastened the independent evolution of resistance in many environments. One consequence is an increasing risk in human health care from naturally occurring opportunistic fungal pathogens that have acquired resistance to this broad class of chemicals. To avoid a global collapse in our ability to control fungal infections and to avoid critical failures in medicine and food security, we must improve our stewardship of extant chemicals, promote new antifungal discovery, and leverage emerging technologies for alternative solutions.
Acceleration measurement with an instrumented pen for signature verification and handwriting analysis (1989)

Consideration is given to the problem of measuring the acceleration produced by hand-pen movements while one is signing with an accelerometer pen. Acceleration signals are characterized in terms of frequency, phase, and amplitude. This characterization makes possible the extraction from the accelerometer output those signal components relevant to the handwriting process. Electronic circuits are described which automatically extract these components and obtain a fully characterized handwriting acceleration signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulse swallowing frequency divider with low power and compact structure (2012)

A pulse swallowing frequency divider with low power and compact structure is presented. One of the DFFs in the divided by 2/3 prescaler is controlled by the modulus control signal, and automatically powered off when it has no contribution to the operation of the prescaler. The DFFs in the program counter and the swallow counter are shared to compose a compact structure, which reduces the power consumption further. The proposed multi-modulus frequency divider was implemented in a standard 65 nm CMOS process with an area of 28 × 22 μm2. The power consumption of the divider is 0.6 mW under 1.2 V supply voltage when operating at 988 MHz.
Bandgap-Graded Cu<sub>2</sub>Zn(Sn<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Ge<sub><i>x</i></sub>)S<sub>4</sub> Thin-Film Solar Cells Derived from Metal Chalcogenide Complex Ligand Capped Nanocrystals (2014)

We demonstrate organic residue free, bandgap-graded Cu2Zn(Sn1–xGex)S4 (CZTGeS) thin-film solar cells based on metal chalcogenide complex (MCC) ligand capped nanocrystals (NCs). The bandgap of the CZTGeS films is tuned by varying the amount of Sn2S64– MCC ligand absorbed on the surface of the Cu2ZnGeS4 (CZGeS) NCs, without an undesirable postselenization process. Using CZGeS NCs inks with three different Sn/(Ge+Sn) ratios, bandgap-graded CZTGeS thin films are obtained via multicoating and annealing procedures. Compositional and spectroscopic analyses along the film thickness confirm that the band-graded CZTGeS absorber layer, with a gradually increasing bandgap from the back contact to the p–n junction, is successfully accomplished. Compared with an ungraded band structured CZTGeS cell, this normal grading structure facilitates both higher short circuit current and open-circuit voltage, facilitating a power conversion efficiency of 6.3%.
Hg(II) Ion Detection Using Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated with Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles (2012)

Fast and accurate detection of aqueous contaminants is of significant importance as these contaminants raise serious risks for human health and the environment. Mercury and its compounds are highly toxic and can cause various illnesses; however, current mercury detectors suffer from several disadvantages, such as slow response, high cost, and lack of portability. Here, we report field-effect transistor (FET) sensors based on thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with thioglycolic acid (TGA) functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) (or rGO/TGA-AuNP hybrid structures) for detecting mercury(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The lowest mercury(II) ion concentration detected by the sensor is 2.5 × 10(-8) M. The drain current shows rapid response within less than 10 s after the solution containing Hg(2+) ions was added to the active area of the rGO/TGA-AuNP hybrid sensors. Our work suggests that rGO/TGA-AuNP hybrid structures are promising for low-cost, portable, real-time, heavy metal ion detectors.
THE PARTITION PRINCIPLE AS APPLIED TO THE STRUCTURES OF ENOLIC SODIUM DERIVATIVES OF 1,3-DIKETONES AND BETA-KETO ESTERS (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PARTITION PRINCIPLE AS APPLIED TO THE STRUCTURES OF ENOLIC SODIUM DERIVATIVES OF 1,3-DIKETONES AND BETA-KETO ESTERSArthur. Michael and John. RossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 6, 2394–2414Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01357a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Enzyme immunoassay for the detection of isoxazolyl penicillin antibiotics in milk (1994)

Polyclonal antibodies were raised against isoxazolyl penicillins in rabbits after immunization with a cloxacillin–human serum albumin conjugate. The antisera were tested in direct and indirect competitive enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), using glucose oxidase or horseradish peroxidase conjugates of oxacillin, cloxacillin, or dicloxacillin, respectively, as the labelled antigen. The relative cross-reactivities of each test system with oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin, determined from the amount of antibiotic required for 50% inhibition of labelled antigen binding, were dependent on the antibiotic used as the labelled antigen. Other β-lactam antibiotics did not cross-react in these test systems. In a direct EIA using a cloxacillin–horseradish peroxidase conjugate, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin in milk were detected at levels of 10 and 30 ng ml–1; the average recoveries at these levels were 102 and 84%, respectively.
Biological, genetic and biochemical characterization of a cold-adapted recombinant A/Victoria/3/75 virus and its evaluation in volunteers. (1977)

A recombinant virus AA-CR19 was produced that contains RNA segments coding for one polymerase protein, the nucleoprotein and the matrix protein of cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60, but HA, NA and two other genes coding for polymerase proteins from A/Victoria/3/75. The nonstructural protein gene is probably derived from A/Ann Arbor/6/60, but may contain a spontaneous mutation. Biological characterization of AA-CR19 showed that it possesses the gene(s) responsible for cold-adaptation and temperature-sensitivity of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 parent. At a dose of 10(7.2) TCID/50. AA-CR19 was found to be immunogenic and attenuated for seronegative volunteers.
Highly Enhanced Cytotoxicity of a Dimeric Bispecific Diabody, the hEx3 Tetrabody (2010)

We previously reported the utility for cancer immunotherapy of a humanized bispecific diabody (hEx3) that targets epidermal growth factor receptor and CD3. Here, we used dynamic and static light scattering measurements to show that the multimer fraction observed in hEx3 in solution is a monodisperse tetramer. The multimerization into tetramers increased the inhibition of cancer cell growth by the hEx3 diabody. Furthermore, 1:2 stoichiometric binding for both antigens was observed in a thermodynamic analysis, indicating that the tetramer has bivalent binding activity for each target, and the structure may be in a circular configuration, as is the case for the single-chain Fv tetrabody. In addition to enhanced cytotoxicity, the functional affinity and stability of the hEx3 tetrabody were superior to those of the hEx3 diabody. The increase in molecular weight is also expected to improve the pharmacokinetics of the bispecific diabody, making the hEx3 tetrabody attractive as a therapeutic antibody fragment for cancer immunotherapy.
Impact of interferential current on recovery of pressure ulcers grade 1 and 2. (2014)

As a first study in this field, the results showed that the use of IF current can accelerate pressure ulcer healing and reduce its size. As IF current can be considered as a deeper form of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), it seems to be a safe method with no side effects.
Data converters (2007)

This book is the first graduate-level textbook presenting a comprehensive treatment of Data Converters. It provides comprehensive definition of the parameters used to specify data converters, and covers all the architectures used in Nyquist-rate data converters. The book uses Simulink and Matlab extensively in examples and problem sets. This is a textbook that is also essential for engineering professionals as it was written in response to a shortage of organically organized material on the topic. The book assumes a solid background in analog and digital circuits as well as a working knowledge of simulation tools for circuit and behavioral analysis.
Design, Development and Preliminary Assessment of Grasping Devices for Robotized Medical Applications (2012)

This paper presents the development of NGDs (needle grasping devices) capable of handling elongated objects such as surgical needles. After describing the main demands of medical needle-based procedures, a requirement list for a typical NGD is presented. Some solution principles for a grasping device are generated, combined and then classified to obtain a set of principle variant solutions. The design study of some of these variant solutions is then developed and a discussion on two device candidates constructed using either interconnected rigid bodies or compliant parts will be presented. The mechanical behavior of the compliant mechanism acting on a needle barrel is simulated with a FEM analysis including the model of non-linearities induced by large deformations and the contact between the needle and the grasping device. Functional prototypes of both NGDs have been constructed and a first experimental assessment of their service capability is finally exposed.
A robust regularization algorithm for polynomial networks for machine learning (2011)

We present an improvement to the fundamental Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) Data Modeling algorithm that overcomes the parameter sensitivity to novel cases presented to derived networks. We achieve this result by regularization of the output and using a genetic weighting that selects intermediate models that do not exhibit divergence. The result is the derivation of multi-nested polynomial networks following the Kolmogorov-Gabor polynomial that are robust to mean estimators as well as novel exemplars for input. The full details of the algorithm are presented. We also introduce a new method for approximating GMDH in a single regression model using F, H, and G terms that automatically exports the answers as ordinary differential equations. The MathCAD 15 source code for all algorithms and results are provided.
Automatic recognition of chinese scientific and technological terms using integrated linguistic knowledge (2004)

We introduce our research on using integrated linguistic knowledge to automatically recognize Chinese scientific and technological terms based on the careful analysis of the characteristics of this kind of terms. The system of automatic term recognition includes two phases: learning stage and application stage. In the stage of learning, we use a series of machine learning methods to get various kinds of integrated knowledge for automatic term recognition from a large-scale corpus and a term bank. These knowledge includes the inner structural knowledge of terms, the statistical domain features of term component, the statistical mutual information between the components of terms, the outer environment features of terms and the distinct text-level features of term recognition etc.. In the stage of application, through an efficient model, we use all these various types of knowledge into automatic term recognition. The experiments show that the system can give great help to the expert of term standardization to discover new terms.
Critical review of health effects of soyabean phyto-oestrogens in post-menopausal women (2006)

A consensus view of soyabean phyto-oestrogens in clinical interventions in post-menopausal women is presented that is based on data from the EU-funded project Phytohealth. The phyto-oestrogens, primarily genistein and daidzein, were given as soyabean-protein isolates, whole-soyabean foods or extracts, supplements or pure compounds. A comprehensive literature search was conducted with well-defined inclusion or exclusion criteria. For areas for which substantial research exists only placebo-controlled double-blind randomised controlled trials (RCT) conducted on healthy post-menopausal women were included. For emerging areas all available human studies in post-menopausal women were reviewed. In order to make cross comparisons between studies the doses of isoflavones were calculated as aglycone equivalents. There is a suggestion, but no conclusive evidence, that isoflavones from the sources studied so far have a beneficial effect on bone health. The consumption of whole-soyabean foods and soyabean-protein isolates has some beneficial effects on lipid markers of cardiovascular risk. The consumption of isolated isoflavones does not affect blood lipid levels or blood pressure, although it may improve endothelial function. For menopausal symptoms there is currently limited evidence that soyabean-protein isolates, soyabean foods or red-clover (Trifolium pratense L.) extract are effective but soyabean isoflavone extracts may be effective in reducing hot flushes. There are too few RCT studies to reach conclusions on the effects of isoflavones on breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes or cognitive function. The health benefits of soyabean phyto-oestrogens in healthy post-menopausal women are subtle and even some well-designed studies do not show protective effects. Future studies should focus on high-risk post-menopausal women, especially in the areas of diabetes, CVD, breast cancer and bone health.
Different <i>a</i> alleles of <i>Ustilago maydis</i> are necessary for maintenance of filamentous growth but not for meiosis (1989)

Two loci (the incompatibility or mating type loci), a and b, govern the life cycle of Ustilago maydis, a fungal pathogen of corn. U. maydis diploids heterozygous at both a and b (a[unk] b[unk]) form mycelial colonies (Fuz(+) phenotype), induce tumors, and produce teliospores able to undergo meiosis. We report here the isolation and characterization of nonmycelial (Fuz(-)) derivatives. These Fuz(-) diploids have allowed us to examine the requirement of a[unk] and b[unk] in maintenance of filamentous growth and tumor-inducing ability. The Fuz(-) diploids are of four classes: two are inferred to be homozygous for b (a[unk] b=); the other two are shown to be homozygous for a (a= b[unk]). These observations confirm the requirement for b[unk] and reveal the requirement for a[unk] in filamentous growth. U. maydis is thus like other basidiomycetes that have two loci governing growth of the dikaryotic filament. The mating behavior of the Fuz(-) diploids indicates that heterozygosity at a or b does not block mating. Although both a= b[unk] and a[unk] b= diploids are nonmycelial, they differ in that a[unk] b= diploids are nonpathogenic, whereas a= b[unk] diploids are pathogenic and produce teliospores able to undergo meiosis. These findings substantiate previous, more limited observations. They demonstrate that ability to induce tumors and produce normal teliospores requires different alleles at b but not at a.
A new successive hydrogenation system (2000)

A highly proposed practical method for promoting the hydrogenation of organic compounds such as 4-methylstyrene and 2-octene was applied to the hydrogenation of various kinds of compounds such as amaranth, NO3- and N2O. In this way, the extensive applicability of this new hydrogenation system using three-dimensionally expanded Pd sheet electrodes was verified. Furthermore, the selectivity for the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds containing a benzyloxy group by using the present hydrogenation system was discussed in comparison with one using hydrogen gas and a heterogeneous catalyst such as Pd-C.
Structural Determinants of M-Type KCNQ (K<sub>v</sub>7) K<sup>+</sup>Channel Assembly (2006)

The ability of KCNQ (Kv7) channels to form hetero-oligomers is of high physiological importance, because heteromers of KCNQ3 with KCNQ2 or KCNQ5 underlie the neuronal M-current, which modulates neuronal excitability. In KCNQ channels, we recently identified a C-terminal subunit interaction (si) domain that determines their subunit-specific assembly. Within this si domain, there are two motifs that comprise approximately 30 amino acid residues each and that exhibit a high probability for coiled-coil formation. Transfer of the first or the second coiled-coil (TCC) domain from KCNQ3 into the KCNQ1 scaffold resulted in chimeras KCNQ1(TCC1)Q3 and KCNQ1(TCC2)Q3, both of which coimmunoprecipitated with KCNQ2. However, only KCNQ1(TCC2)Q3 enhanced KCNQ2 currents and surface expression or exerted a strong dominant-negative effect on KCNQ2. Deletion of TCC2 within KCNQ2 yielded functional homomeric channels but prevented the current augmentation measured after coexpression of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3. In contrast, deleting TCC1 within KCNQ2 did not give functional homomeric KCNQ2 or heteromeric KCNQ2/KCNQ3 channels. Mutations that disrupted the predicted coiled-coil structure of TCC1 in KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 abolished channel activity after expressing these constructs singly or in combination, whereas helix-breaking mutations in TCC2 of KCNQ2 gave functional homomeric channels but prevented the heteromerization with KCNQ3. In contrast, KCNQ3 carrying a coiled-coil disrupting mutation in TCC2 hetero-oligomerized with KCNQ2. Our data suggest that the TCC1 domains of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 are required to form functional homomeric as well as heteromeric channels, whereas both TCC2 domains facilitate an efficient transport of heteromeric KCNQ2/KCNQ3 channels to the plasma membrane.
Calcium antagonists in cardiology: Update on sustained‐release drug delivery systems (1991)

One limitation of standard oral formulations of calcium antagonists has been the need for multiple daily dosing. Sustained-release dosage forms permit simpler regimens and a smoother therapeutic effect. Differences in drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties have led to development of several sustained-release delivery systems. Three major types are available: the osmotic pump, coated pellet, and slow-dissolving material released from a matrix. Each is currently utilized with specific calcium antagonists. The osmotic pump system with nifedipine (Procardia XL, Pfizer) allows once-daily dosing as well as improvements in certain side effects. Verapamil is available in formulations employing dissimilar release systems. The original sustained-action products (Calan SR, Searle; Isoptin SR, Knoll) utilize a matrix system; a subsequent product (Verelan; Lederle, Wyeth-Ayerst, A. H. Robins) utilizes timed-release pellets. Importantly, clinical efficacy appears to be maintained with these several drugs and formulations for their approved indications. Although a specific formulation may alter the absorption, metabolism, excretion, and blood levels of a drug, it does not alter basic drug properties. Thus, the major impact of sustained-release drug delivery system lies in potential compliance improvement and possible reduction of side effects related to serum drug profiles.