gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel reconfigurable coupler for intelligent SOP RF front-ends (2005)

A novel class of planar reconfigurable directional couplers for intelligent system on package (SOP) RF front-ends is presented. Reconfigurability is obtained by modifying the electrical parameters of the coupled lines so as to tune the coupling ratio. RF switches such as MEMS or PIN diodes can be used to enable a wide range of reconfigurability in a very compact and low-loss device. The performance and the limitations of the coupler are discussed and design equations are provided. A hardwired prototype in microstrip technology has been manufactured. The novel concept introduced, however, is technology independent so that the reconfigurable coupler can be fabricated in microstrip, stripline or coplanar configurations.
Robust Deep Auto-encoder for Occluded Face Recognition (2015)

Occlusions by sunglasses, scarf, hats, beard, shadow etc, can significantly reduce the performance of face recognition systems. Although there exists a rich literature of researches focusing on face recognition with illuminations, poses and facial expression variations, there is very limited work reported for occlusion robust face recognition. In this paper, we present a method to restore occluded facial regions using deep learning technique to improve face recognition performance. Inspired by SSDA for facial occlusion removal with known occlusion type and explicit occlusion location detection from a preprocessing step, this paper further introduces Double Channel SSDA (DC-SSDA) which requires no prior knowledge of the types and the locations of occlusions. Experimental results based on CMU-PIE face database have showed that, the proposed method is robust to a variety of occlusion types and locations, and the restored faces could yield significant recognition performance improvements over occluded ones.
The design and implementation of Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) wrapper for legacy system (2002)

Legacy systems were customized by a large investment for many years, but their program structure has become obsolete and deteriorated gradually. In addition, the pressure of applying the legacy systems to new technology and environment like Web is on the increase. As an example of an emerging trend in e-business, Sun provides an Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) which is a kind of an object-oriented component framework written in Java. EJB is a suitable framework in heterogeneous and distributed Web environment. In this paper, we propose a Legacy Wrapper Model for Enterprise JavaBean(EJB) component wrapping of the legacy systems which are written in COBOL by the functionality slicing. And then we design and implement a component wrapping prototype tool that connects a legacy system framework of IBM CICS COBOL system to EJB framework.
The general linear inverse problem: Implication of surface waves and free oscillations for Earth structure (1972)

The discrete general linear inverse problem reduces to a set of m equations in n unknowns. There is generally no unique solution, but we can find k linear combinations of parameters for which restraints are determined. The parameter combinations are given by the eigenvectors of the coefficient matrix. The number k is determined by the ratio of the standard deviations of the observations to the allowable standard deviations in the resulting solution. Various linear combinations of the eigenvectors can be used to determine parameter resolution and information distribution among the observations. Thus we can determine where information comes from among the observations and exactly how it constrains the set of possible models. The application of such analyses to surface‐wave and free‐oscillation observations indicates that (1) phase, group, and amplitude observations for any particular mode provide basically the same type of information about the model; (2) observations of overtones can enhance the resolution considerably; (3) the degree of resolution has generally been overestimated for many model determinations made from surface waves; and (4) computation of parameter and information resolution is such a simple extension of any inversion procedure based on perturbation parameters that such inversion studies are incomplete without considering resolution.
Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-alpha-hydroxylase, and vitamin D receptor mRNA in normal and malignant breast tissue. (2009)

Vitamin D has anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects on several cell types, including breast cancer cells. There have been no studies quantifying the expression of the enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-alpha-hydroxylase (1alphaOHase), which converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to its active metabolite, in breast tissue. We performed real-time RT-PCR to quantity 1alphaOHase and vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA in samples of breast cancer, adjacent non-cancerous tissue and normal breast tissue. 1alphaOHase and VDR mRNA were universally expressed, however, 1alphaOHase expression was significantly down-regulated in adjacent non-cancerous tissue from women with breast cancer in comparison to individuals without cancer. VDR was also up-regulated in breast tumours. The vitamin D axis expression in the breast suggests a role for its actions in normal tissue homeostasis and breast cancer pathogenesis. The decreased expression of 1alphaOHase in normal tissue from women with breast cancer may be important in their predisposition to the development of cancer.
Specific prolongation of MHC class II disparate skin allografts by in vivo administration of anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody. (1990)

In vivo rejection of MHC class II disparate skin allografts has been thought to involve IFN-gamma-induced expression of MHC class II alloantigens because less than 3% of skin epidermal cells express MHC class II alloantigens constitutively. In our study we directly tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of in vivo administered anti-IFN-gamma mAb on rejection of MHC class II disparate skin allografts, and comparing its effect on rejection of MHC class I disparate skin allografts placed on the same individual mice. We found that anti-IFN-gamma mAb blocked the rejection of MHC class II disparate skin allografts, but had no effect on the rejection of MHC class I disparate skin allografts. These results demonstrate that endogenously produced IFN-gamma is critical for rejection of MHC class II disparate skin allografts, but not for rejection of MHC class I disparate skin allografts. Thus, this study strongly supports the concept that MHC class II rejection responses require IFN-gamma induced MHC class II expression on keratinocytes of the allograft.
Transforming the Pension Industry Based on Aged Care Quality Reports (2021)

With the intensification of population aging, the importance of the pension industry has gradually been reflected. The purpose of this study is to find mainly challenges in the pension industry by analyzing the Australian Aged Care Quality Reports. In recent years, Aged Care Quality reports have played a positive role in improving the service quality of aged care institutions and strengthening risk management. This study found that the risk factors in the aged care quality report are the key factors for the upgrading of the pension industry. With the help of traditional text data analysis and mining methods, we can effectively provide new growth points and breakthrough links for the upgrading of the pension industry. This research found the upgrading of the pension industry in the construction of basic hardware and software facilities, the level of informatization and intelligence, the improvement of the quality of aged care services, the improvement of medical problems, and the training of professionals. The research methods proposed in this study are significant to the upgrading of the current pension industry.
Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Monodispersed Platinum Clusters:  Each Atom Counts (1999)

Nanoclusters open fascinating opportunities for quantum engineering because quantum-size effects become dominant in determining catalytic,1-3 optical,4 electronic,5 and magnetic6 properties. We succeeded in the controlled production of low-energy and high-flux monodispersed cluster beams, which allow for a systematic study of their reactivity after deposition onto a chemically inert substrate. We investigated the catalytic reaction that is the oxidation of CO on platinum and observed a distinct atom by atom size dependency for monodispersed platinum clusters on thin MgO(100) films. These results clearly show that the efficiency of a heterogeneous catalytic reaction can be tuned by the judicious choice of particle size.
Saturation Transfer (2016)

This glossary contains definitions and explanatory notes for terms used in the context of research and publications in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on physical organic chemical terminology with a view to achieve a far-reaching consensus on the definitions of useful terms and on the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. As a consequence of the development of physical organic chemistry, and of the increasing use of physical organic terminology in other fields of chemistry, the 1994 revision of the Glossary is much expanded in comparison to the previous edition, and it also includes terms from cognate fields. A few definitions have been refined, some others totally revised in the light of comments received from the scientific community.
Back-directional Gated Spectroscopic Imaging for Diffuse Light Suppression in High Anisotropic Media and Its Preclinical Applications for Microvascular Imaging (2010)

There is emerging evidence that microvascular alterations may occur early, even at early stages of carcinogenesis, as indispensable participants in tumor growth. However, the exact spatial extents of such alterations remain unclear, in part, because detailed microvascular alterations in relatively deep tissue over a relative large area are not easily visualized. Due to the heterogeneous nature of tissue microvasculature, microscopic evaluations with a small field of view often fail to provide a representative assessment. On the other hand, conventional whole-body small-animal optical imaging techniques suffer from unwanted diffuse light, which would otherwise deteriorate image contrast and resolution. To fill such a gap, we take advantage of the high anisotropic property of biological tissue by implementing back-directional gating into an imaging platform to suppress unwanted diffuse light. We further combine a spectral analysis of microvascular hemoglobin (Hb) absorption with back-directional gated imaging to improve image resolution, contrast, and penetration depth that are required for subcutaneous mouse xenograft models. In tissue phantom and pilot animal studies, we demonstrate that our diffuse-light-suppressed spectroscopic imaging platform can be a simple, yet effective, imaging setup to visualize subcutaneous microvascular Hb content over a relatively large area.
XIAP upregulates expression of HIF target genes by targeting HIF1α for Lys63-linked polyubiquitination (2017)

The cellular response to hypoxia is characterised by a switch in the transcriptional program, mediated predominantly by the hypoxia inducible factor family of transcription factors (HIF). Regulation of HIF1 is primarily controlled by post-translational modification of the HIF1α subunit, which can alter its stability and/or activity. This study identifies an unanticipated role for the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein as a regulator of Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of HIF1α. Lys63-linked ubiquitination of HIF1α by XIAP is dependent on the activity of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ubc13. We find that XIAP and Ubc13 dependent Lys63-linked polyubiquitination promotes HIF1α nuclear retention leading to an increase in the expression of HIF1 responsive genes. Inhibition of the Lys63-linked polyubiquitination pathway leads to reduced levels of nuclear HIF1α, promoter occupancy, HIF-dependent gene expression and cell viability. Our data reveals an additional and significant level of control of the HIF1 by XIAP, with important implications in understanding the role of HIF1 and XIAP in human disease.
Supercritical fluid synthesis and characterization of catalytic metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (2004)

A rapid, convenient and environmentally benign method has been developed for the fabrication of metal nanoparticle–multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites. Nanoparticles of palladium, rhodium and ruthenium are deposited onto functionalized MWCNTs through a simple hydrogen reduction of metal–β-diketone precursors in supercritical carbon dioxide, and are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. These highly dispersed nanoparticles, with a narrow range of size distribution and good adhesion on MWCNT surfaces, are expected to exhibit promising catalytic properties for a variety of chemical reactions. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that Pd nanoparticles supported on MWCNTs are effective catalysts for hydrogenation of olefins in carbon dioxide. The Pd nanoparticle–MWCNT composite also shows a high electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction for potential fuel cell application.
Heterogeneity in granular corneal dystrophy: Identification of three causative mutations in the TGFBI (BIGH3) gene?Lessons for corneal amyloidogenesis (1999)

Six autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies are caused by mutations in the TGFBI (BIGH3) gene on chromosome 5q31: three types of lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD), including type I and type IIIA, granular, Avellino (ACD), and Reis-Bucklers. Initially an exact genotype-phenotype correlation was reported. We report three families, with differing clinical features, all presenting with "granular" corneal dystrophy. We analysed the TGFBI gene by SSCP analysis and direct sequencing in order to further assess the genotype-phenotype correlation. We describe three separate mutations in TGFBI: one novel, one initially described as causing ACD, and one previously described. The novel mutation, R124S, is at the identical position to the mutation causing LCD type I (CDL1). We review the clinical and histological phenotypes of the corneal dystrophies and hypothesize that the ability of a mutation to cause amyloid deposition depends on the location and nature of the mutation. In addition, we suggest that the classification of the granular corneal dystrophies be revised according to mutation type and that ACD should not be classified as a distinct morphological entity.
An Arabic morphological system (1989)

Nowadays, computers are used in every field in the Arab countries of the middle east. Software systems developed for the European languages are not convenient for the use of Arabic because of the nature of the language and its writing system. Problems arise when trying to use existing software systems, such as spell-checkers and business and office systems, with the Arabic language. These problems are attributable to the fact that the difference between Arabic and the European languages exists not only in character shapes and direction of writing, but also in language structure. In order to successfully use Arabic in software systems, we must, then, analyze the Arabic language word structure—that is, carry out a morphological analysis. Most of the written Arabic texts are nonvowelized, which may lead to ambiguity in meaning or mispronunciation. Moreover, vowelization cannot be avoided in many applications, such as speech synthesis by machines and educational books for children. A two-way Arabic morphological system (analysis/generation) capable of dealing with vowelized, semivowelized, and nonvowelized Arabic words was developed at the IBM Cairo Scientific Center. The system also has the ability to vowelize nonvowelized words. This system consists of three separate modules: computational lexicon, Arabic grammar model module, and analyzer/generator module. The grammar module contains, among others, morphophonemic and morphographemic rules formulated using the conventional generative grammar. Moreover, the developed system covers all of the Arabic language.
Structure and biology of complement protein C3, a connecting link between innate and acquired immunity (2001)

Complement protein C3 is a central molecule in the complement system whose activation is essential for all the important functions performed by this system. After four decades of research it is now well established that C3 functions like a double-edged sword: on the one hand it promotes phagocytosis, supports local inflammatory responses against pathogens, and instructs the adaptive immune response to select the appropriate antigens for a humoral response; on the other hand its unregulated activation leads to host cell damage. In addition, its interactions with the proteins of foreign pathogens may provide a mechanism by which these microorganisms evade complement attack. Therefore, a clear knowledge of the molecule and its interactions at the molecular level not only may allow the rational design of molecular adjuvants but may also lead to the development of complement inhibitors and new therapeutic agents against infectious diseases.
Fault diagnosis system for GIS using an artificial neural network (2002)

The authors present an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to a diagnostic system for a gas insulated switchgear (GIS). Firstly they survey the status of operational experience of failures in GISs and its diagnostic techniques. Secondly, they present how to acquire signal samples from the GIS and how to process them so as to be provided for an input layer of ANN. Finally they propose a decision-tree like network referred to as module neural network (MNN), and compare it with the well-known three-layered network, the straight forward neural network (SFNN). >
Effects of optical feedback on the light-current characteristics of semiconductor lasers (1993)

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the continuous wave (CW) output-power current characteristics of semiconductor lasers with optical feedback are reported. An analytical expression is presented which accounts for the external reflection in the form of an effective facet reflectivity. The coherence properties of the compound cavity laser field are incorporated by the correlation function of the optical field. An experimental setup was established to adjust and to control for different feedback levels. The normalized threshold current variation, due to feedback shows a dependence on the laser structure. This results from different confinement factors of the various waveguide structures. Up to reflection levels well within the coherence collapse regime the change of the slope of the light versus current curve is higher than calculated from incoherent feedback.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cyclodextrins in drug carrier systems. (1987)

One of the important characteristics of cyclodextrins is the formation of an inclusion complex with a variety of drug molecules in solution and in the solid state. As a consequence of intensive basic research, exhaustive toxic studies, and realization of industrial production during the past decade, there seem to be no more barriers for the practical application of natural cyclodextrins in the biomedical field. Recently, a number of cyclodextrin derivatives and cyclodextrin polymers have been prepared to obtain better inclusion abilities than parent cyclodextrins. The natural cyclodextrins and their synthetic derivatives have been successfully utilized to improve various drug properties, such as solubility, dissolution and release rates, stability, or bioavailability. In addition, the enhancement of drug activity, selective transfer, or the reduction of side effects has been achieved by means of inclusion complexation. The drug-cyclodextrin complex is generally formed outside of the body and, after administration, it dissociates, releasing the drug into the organism in a fast and nearly uniform manner. In the biomedical application of cyclodextrins, therefore, particular attention should be directed to the magnitude of the stability constant of the inclusion complex. In the case of parenteral application, a rather limited amount of work has been done because the cyclodextrins in the drug carrier systems have to be more effectively designed to compete with various biological components in the circulatory system. However, the works published thus far apparently indicate that the inclusion phenomena of cyclodextrin analogs may allow the rational design of drug formulation and that the combination of molecular encapsulation with other carrier systems will become a very effective and valuable method for the development of a new drug delivery system in the near future.
Estimating Change in Sedimentary Organic Carbon Content During Mangrove Restoration in Southern China Using Carbon Isotopic Measurements (2012)

在沉积核心基于全部的碳(C)和 C 同位素，沉积的器官的碳( SOC )在红树属植物地点(没有红树属植物，红树属植物种植园，和自然红树属植物森林的贫瘠扁平的地点)的三种类型被确定，它被认为代表连续统从最不在南部的中国恢复了到大多数恢复地点。在贫瘠地点，种植园，和自然森林的 SOC 密度分别地是 90， 170 和 288 Mg ha1。我们推断了那红树属植物恢复在沿海的区域的增加的 SOC 累积。在 070 厘米深度，在两个红树属植物地点的 SOC 13C 价值从 27.37 ～ 23.07 并且与深度展出了渐渐的丰富。相反，在贫瘠扁平的地点的价值在 22.19 附近留下了并且与深度稍微波动。在 060 厘米，在贫瘠扁平的地点，自然红树属植物地点，和人工的红树属植物地点的 SOC 的 14C 年龄从 1 397 ～ 2 608， 255 ～ 2 453，和 391 ～ 2 512 年 BP 分别地。在红树属植物地点的两种类型然而并非在贫瘠扁平的地点，有深度的 13C 的丰富与深度与 SOC 腐烂和 SOC 年龄的增加有关。根据 14C 年龄的分析，许多导出红树属植物的 C 在两个红树属植物地点在厌氧的条件下面在 060 厘米深度被搬运并且存储。在南部的中国的红树属植物森林的沉积扣押 SOC 的大数量在红树属植物恢复期间。
MUSCLE TONE (1929)

When increasing loads of weight are suspended from a muscle it stretches out, and as the weights are progressively removed, it returns to its original form. This property has been interpreted as elasticity. It was first strictly investigated by F. H. Weber. 1 He found that, measured by the foregoing conditions, muscle has a low but perfect elasticity. He showed that, unlike inorganic but like certain organic substances, the elongation of the muscle is not proportional to the weight, and becomes less so as the weight increases. Consequently, the curve of extensibility obtained when weights are plotted on the abscissae and elongations on the ordinates is not a straight line but a curve, which Wertheimer subsequently recognized as a hyperbola. The latter quality has been examined more recently by Haycraft 2 with more accurate methods and may not hold true for degrees of elongation within physiologic limits. Weber studied the