gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometric pinning and antimixing in scaffolded lipid vesicles (2020)

<p>Previous studies on the phase behaviour of multicomponent lipid bilayers found an intricate interplay between membrane geometry and its composition, but a fundamental understanding of curvature-induced effects remains elusive. Thanks to a combination of experiments on lipid vesicles supported by colloidal scaffolds and theoretical work, we demonstrate that the local geometry and global chemical composition of the bilayer determine both the spatial arrangement and the amount of mixing of the lipids. In the mixed phase, a strong geometrical anisotropy can give rise to an antimixed state, where the lipids are mixed, but their relative concentration varies across the membrane. After phase separation, the bilayer organizes in multiple lipid domains, whose location is pinned in specific regions, depending on the substrate curvature and the bending rigidity of the lipid domains. Our results provide critical insights into the phase separation of cellular membranes and, more generally, twodimensional fluids on curved substrates.<br></p>
Extract and specificity of water-phase antigen from Treponema hyodysenteriae (1994)

The hot aqueous-phenol method was used for extracting water-phase antigen from Treponema hyodysenteriae. The specificity of the extract was tested with gel-duffusion method, rocket immunoelectrophoresis and PHA test. The results showed that the extract reacted specifically to anti-Troponema hyodysenteriae antisera and monoclnal antibody(6H), but it did not react to the anti-Treponema innocens antisera.
Sensitive skin: closing in on a physiological cause (2010)

The phenomenon of 'sensitive skin' is a relatively recent complaint in which certain individuals report more intense and frequent adverse sensory effects than the normal population upon use of cosmetic (personal-care) products. Originally defined as a minority complaint, sensitive skin is now claimed by a majority of women in industrialized countries and nearly half of men. Sensitive skin is self-diagnosed and typically unaccompanied by any obvious physical signs of irritation, and the number of individuals who claim sensitivity has risen steadily with the number of consumer products targeted towards this supposedly uncommon group. Believed by many dermatologists, therefore, to be a 'princess and the pea' phenomenon, the problem of sensitive skin has largely avoided focussed research. Over the last few years, however, the evidence of documentable biophysical changes associated with the largely sensory symptoms of this disorder has accumulated, including some gained by improved methods of identifying subclinical signs of skin irritation. Although the understanding of the aetiology of this phenomenon is as yet incomplete, existing research now supports a biophysical origin for this disorder. Effective methods of diagnosis, intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to exaggerated neural sensitivity, and the specific mechanisms of the discomfort associated with the compliant are required, as are appropriate means of prevention and treatment.
Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials (2002)

Abstract Hybrid organic–inorganic materials constitute a fast‐growing field that has already led to a very large variety of materials and applications. These nanocomposite materials abound both with organic or inorganic matrices and represent oportunities to design eclectic materials by taking advantage of the best properties of their components. But the hybrid concept can even go beyond this approach by creating materials with novel structures or supramolecular architectures, with synergic properties, or even with activities impossible for the isolated components. This article is a general review of the field, discussing the different categories of materials according to their chemical nature and their applications as structural or functional materials. A variety of hybrids with organic matrics (most commonly polymers) are distinguished from these in which the dominating phase is inorganic (polymeric or extended in nature). To the category of silicon‐based hybrids that predominated in the early literature a larger variety of hybrids has followed which includes, among many others, inorganic molecular species intergrated in organic polymers, perovskites built with organic and inorganic building blocks or polymer‐inserted inorganic phases. All of them are categorized and discussed with emphasis on their many different applications and commercial developments.
Graphical image correlation and processing system for the evaluation of multidimentional Positon Emission Tomographic images. Pseudo-3D representation and correlation of structural/neurofunctionnal data sets (1992)

Multimodality 2D and 3D display are likely to be particularly valuable for interpreting Positon Emission Tomographic studies. Even under ideal conditions differences in scanner characteristics prevent correlation of features observed in separate scans. Methods for selecting and calculating arbitrary image sections for displaying are investigated. MRI data were used to construct a 3D computer model of the brain surface, PET derived measured were encoded as densities and mapped into the 3D models. The object re-sampling along the zz axis is based on the triangulation approach between successive contours. Arbitrary oblique image section is calculated and displayed with coordinate pixel transformation. The PET and MR images were then aligned to obtain the best match of brain contours in order to use elastic deformations.
Finite element analysis and design of piezoelectric controlled smart structures (2000)

The paper gives an overview of about recent developments in modeling, numerical analysis and design of piezoelectric controlled smart structures. Then, the theoretical basis of a general purpose finite element simulation tool developed by the authors is presented. This tool contains a number of coupled thermo-electro-mechanical 1D, 2D, 3D as well as layered plate and shell finite elements for simulating controlled structures in static and dynamic applications, where also optimization algorithms (e.g. for actuator location) can be included. Finally, three examples; i.e., actively controlled beam, vibration isolation of a box, and vibration isolation of a plate as part of an excited cylinder structure, are presented to demonstrate the capability and efficiency of the simulation and design tool.
Calculating IOL power after refractive surgery (2004)

In his article on the double-K method,1 Aramberri clearly demonstrates that establishing the effective lens position (ELP) using the prerefractive corneal data and the postrefractive corneal data in the vergence calculation is a precise method for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation after refractive surgery. The enumeration of the formula is elegant and well thought out. As stated in the accompanying editorial,2 the importance of this approach has been emphasized by incorporating it into the current Holladay 2 software. However, other methods that use this approach may be beneficial for a variety of reasons including access to or preference for a specific formula; ie, SRK/T in longer eyes. A potentially easier manipulation of existing formulas can be performed without Aramberri's spreadsheet or the table provided by Koch. Using a specific formula (ie, SRK/T), the surgeon inserts the initial prerefractive corneal power (Kpre) (D) into the chosen formula. The only calculation needed is determining the refractive correction in diopters that occurred at the spectacle plane, as done in Aramberri's paper. This value is then inserted as the goal refraction for emmetropia in the specific formula. For example, in Case 1 in Aramberri's paper, the corneal power inserted into the formula would be 43.50 D and the “goal refraction” would be the correction at the spectacle plane, calculated as −10.75 D in the paper. The SRK/T formula would predict a lens of 25.22 D using this transformation in Case 1 compared to the calculation of 25.03 D using Aramberri's method. The calculation for our method produces essentially identical results in the other cases in Aramberri's study. A benefit of applying our methodology is that ophthalmologists can use this easily in the formulas with which they are familiar. We agree with Aramberri that caution should be used to ensure that no myopic shift is introduced into the formula by making sure the postrefractive refraction is performed before the development of cataract. John G. Ladas MD, PhD Walter J. Stark MD Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Wall shear stress distribution in a model canine artery during steady flow. (1977)

The wall shear stress pattern was measured in a rigid plastic cast of a canine artery during steady flow by means of an electrochemical technique. The topographic distribution of shear stress is very nonuniform, with regions of high and low shear in close proximity. The steady shear stresses are highest at the leading edge of flow dividers and at the entrance regions to branch vessels. The shapes of the shear stress curves in the celiac branch are primarily a function of the ratio of branch flow to total aortic flow. However, the shapes of the shear stress curves in the adjacent anterior mesenteric branch remain the same for different anterior mesenteric branch flow ratios, although the shear increases with the branch flow ratio. An unstable pattern of flow separation and reattachment is found at the anterior mesenteric flow divider lip and remains localized to that region. A correlation is suggested between sites of high shear stress, extremes in the range of stress, and unstable stress patterns and sites at which atherosclerosis has been shown to develop.
A MedChem toolbox for cereblon-directed PROTACs (2019)

A modular chemistry toolbox was developed for cereblon-directed PROTACs. A variety of linkers was attached to a CRBN ligand <i>via</i> the 4-amino position of pomalidomide. We used linkers of different constitution to modulate physicochemical properties. We equipped one terminus of the linker with a set of functional groups, <i>e.g.</i> protected amines, protected carboxylic acids, alkynes, chloroalkanes, and protected alcohols, all of which are considered to be attractive for PROTAC design. We also highlight different opportunities for the expansion of the medicinal chemists' PROTAC toolbox towards heterobifunctional molecules, <i>e.g.</i> with biotin, fluorescent, hydrophobic and peptide tags.
Statistical Image Analysis of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Cognitive Impairment following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury (2007)

The aim of this study was to explore the regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCM) in patients with chronic stage traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with normal controls. We also investigated the relationship between regional cerebral glucose metabolism and cognitive function. We performed 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) study using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis in 36 diffuse axonal injury (DAI) patients (mean age +/- SD, 36.3 +/- 9.8 years). At 6 months or more after head injury, all patients underwent FDG-PET study and neuropsychological batteries to assess cognitive function. Thirty healthy, gender-matched control subjects who were comparable in age were also studied. Between the TBI patients and normal controls, group comparisons showed regional metabolic decreases in the bilateral frontal lobes, temporal lobes, thalamus, as well as the right cerebellum in the TBI group. Only full-scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) (mean +/- SD, 78.5 +/- 11.9) correlated positively with rCM in the right cingulate gyrus and the bilateral medial frontal gyrus. In other examinations, the correlation was not provided. DAI may induce functional disconnection and decreased neuronal activity, and finally lead to diffuse glucose hypometabolism. Low full-scale IQ scores may be related to significantly different underlying cognitive impairment. In supporting cognitive function following TBI, which showed diffuse cerebral metabolic reduction compared with normal controls, medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex may be an important component.
Crystallization of Gypsum in Wet Process Phosphoric Acid (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystallization of Gypsum in Wet Process Phosphoric AcidR. L. Gilbert Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1966, 5, 4, 388–391Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260020a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i260020a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Life Enhancement of Naval Systems through Advanced Materials. (1982)

Recent progress in the development of advanced materials to extend the life of Naval systems is discussed. The developments include anti-corrosion and anti-fouling paints, improved lubricants, and more durable helicopter rotor blades, as well as a variety of materials processing techniques and improved uses of materials to reduce corrosion, wear and fatigue of systems components. (Author)
The Mini Spread (1975)

The modern trend of longer cables and less cable noise has brought about the undesireable result of long offset distances between the acoustic energy source and the nearest hydrophone group. This paper presents our ideas on the MINI-SPREAD for recording the desired short offset data to define the sea floor and very shallow reflections while simultaneously recording the main streamer data which define deep geological zones of interest. We shall also illustrate the contribution of the short offset traces to the final stack data and its effects on geologic interpretation. The viscous drag on a long streamer being towed at normal recording speeds is such that it is difficult to obtain a short offset distance between source and the near hydrophone group. In typical marine operations (due to the vertical component of the drag force) an offset distance of 1,025 feet or greater is required to allow the near hydrophone group to reach the desired streamer depth of at least 40 feet. This offset is frequently extended further in order to isolate the ship's noise and effects of wave action on the lead-in. However, if the sea floor reflection is to be recorded at a near-normal incident angle, it is desirable that the offset from source to the near hydrophone group is not greater than the water depth. One solution to the problem posed by these two differing requirements is a two-cable operation. For example, a MINI-SPREAD may be used with a relatively short offset, and a main streamer with a relatively long offset, for simultaneous recording of the whole range of source detector distances. We wish to stress that nothing in this paper is to be taken as derogatory to long spreads. Where the geology allows them, we are all infavor of long spreads; what we are against is long offsets. The first slide illustrates the side view of a normal cable configuration on our "M/V American Delta. The normal configuration used incorporates both the MINI-SPREAD and the main streamer for a total of 48 channels. Note that Traces 48 through 43 are the MINI-SPREAD consisting of groups of hydrophones spaced equidistant over Sam. The cable section "s" preceeding Trace 48 is a Sam stretchor decoupling section. The length of lead-in to the boat may be varied according to offset distance requirements, and preferably should be less than water depth. The MINI-SPREAD is wound onto a relatively small reel separate from the main streamer, as illustrated in this slide. In our normal configuration, the main streamer consists of Traces 42 through 1. Consistent with the industry, our trace-numbering convention always considers Trace 1 as the far trace. Preceeding Group 42 (the nearest main streamer trace to the boat) are three stretch sections of Sam each and the lead-in attached to the main streamer reel. Also shown on the diagram are the cable depth transducer locations normally used. These are located at each end of the MINI-SPREAD and at several locations on the main streamer including the front and back.
Specificity prediction of adenylation domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) using transductive support vector machines (TSVMs) (2005)

We present a new support vector machine (SVM)-based approach to predict the substrate specificity of subtypes of a given protein sequence family. We demonstrate the usefulness of this method on the example of aryl acid-activating and amino acid-activating adenylation domains (A domains) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). The residues of gramicidin synthetase A that are 8 A around the substrate amino acid and corresponding positions of other adenylation domain sequences with 397 known and unknown specificities were extracted and used to encode this physico-chemical fingerprint into normalized real-valued feature vectors based on the physico-chemical properties of the amino acids. The SVM software package SVM(light) was used for training and classification, with transductive SVMs to take advantage of the information inherent in unlabeled data. Specificities for very similar substrates that frequently show cross-specificities were pooled to the so-called composite specificities and predictive models were built for them. The reliability of the models was confirmed in cross-validations and in comparison with a currently used sequence-comparison-based method. When comparing the predictions for 1230 NRPS A domains that are currently detectable in UniProt, the new method was able to give a specificity prediction in an additional 18% of the cases compared with the old method. For 70% of the sequences both methods agreed, for <6% they did not, mainly on low-confidence predictions by the existing method. None of the predictive methods could infer any specificity for 2.4% of the sequences, suggesting completely new types of specificity.
A Color Video Printer with Sublimation Dye Transfer Method (1985)

In accordance with the recent progress in the video application sector such as video discs, still video floppy, electronic still video camera and hi-resoluti on VCR, the need for getting hard copies from these video signals is expanding.
FPGA-based digital phase-locked loop analysis and implementation (2011)

The thesis presents a digital PLL project that will be used as an ECE 463 lab module and serve as a platform for future communication research projects. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology is used for all digital signal processing tasks. A Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is used to synthesize analog output, the frequency of which is controlled digitally by the FPGA. This system is implemented in a way that makes it educational and suitable for a lab module. Unlike purely digital PLL, this project involves several analog circuits soldered on PCBs, which will help the students visualize the signal flow in the PLL and get some exposure to mixed-signal systems.
Isolation and overexpression of a gene encoding an extracellular beta-(1,3-1,4)-glucanase from Streptococcus bovis JB1 (1997)

Streptococcus bovis JB1 was found to produce a 25-kDa extracellular enzyme active against beta-(1,3-1,4)-glucans. A gene was isolated encoding a specific beta-(1,3-1,4)-glucanase that corresponds to this size and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 16. A 4- to 10-fold increase in supernatant beta-glucanase activity was obtained when the cloned beta-glucanase gene was reintroduced into S. bovis JB1 by use of constructs based on the plasmid vector pTRW10 or pIL253. The beta-(1,3-1,4)-glucanase gene was also expressed upon introduction of the pTRW10 construct pTRWL1R into Lactococcus lactis IL2661 and Enterococcus faecalis JH2-SS, although extracellular activity was 8- to 50-fold lower than that in S. bovis JB1. The beta-(1,3-1,4)-glucanase purified from the culture supernatant of S. bovis JB1 carrying pTRWL1R showed a K(m) of 2.8 mg per ml and a Vmax of 338 mumol of glucose equivalents per min per mg of protein with barley beta-glucan as the substrate. The S. bovis beta-(1,3-1,4)-glucanase may contribute to the ability of this bacterium to utilize starch by degrading structural polysaccharides present in endosperm cell walls.
p38 MAPK signalling cascades: ancient roles and new functions (2000)

p38 MAPKs are a conserved subfamily of MAPKs involved in the response to stress found in eukaryotic cells from yeast to mammals. The recent isolation of genes coding for members of this signalling cascade in Drosophila has provided us with the genetic tools to study their various biological roles and their regulatory interactions with other signalling pathways. This cascade participates in the immune response, a function that is remarkably conserved between flies and humans. Additionally, it appears to exert other fundamental roles during development, in cell fate specification in imaginal discs, and in cell polarity during oogenesis. These functions involve genetic and biochemical interactions with other signalling cascades, the decapentaplegic/TGFβ, the wingless/Wnt and the torpedo/Ras-ERK pathways. In the near future, we can expect a flurry of information that will allow us to draw a comprehensive picture of the roles of signalling networks mediated by p38s during development. BioEssays 22:637–645, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Quality of Commercial Cranberry Products. Phenolic Characterization and in Vitro Bioactivity (2012)

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) products have been widely recommended in traditional American medicine for the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 19 different commercial cranberry products from American and European markets have been analyzed by different global phenolic methods and by UPLC-DAD-ESI-TQ MS. In addition, in vitro antioxidant capacity and uropathogenic bacterial antiadhesion activity tests have been performed. Results revealed that products found in the market widely differed in their phenolic content and distribution, including products completely devoid of flavan-3-ols to highly purified ones, either in A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) or in anthocyanins. The product presentation form and polyphenolic profile widely affected the antiadhesion activity, ranging from a negative (nulel) effect to a MIC = 0.5 mg/mL for cranberry powders and a MIC=112 mg/mL for gel capsule samples. Only 4 of 19 products would provide the recommended dose of intake of 36 mg total PACs/day. Of most importance was the fact that this dose would actually provide as low as 0.00 and up to 205 μg/g of procyanidin A2, indicating the lack of product standardization and incongruence between global and individual compound analysis.