gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac function, microvascular structure, and capillary hematocrit in hearts of polycythemic rats (2001)

The effect of polycythemia on the coronary microcirculation was studied in young male rats. Two experimental models of polycythemia were employed: cobalt-induced polycythemia, which mimics hypoxia-induced changes, and erythropoietin-induced polycythemia, which circumvents these changes. In both models, baseline left ventricular function was normal, whereas maximal systolic and developed pressures were decreased. In cobalt-treated rats the left ventricular functional reserve was also compromised. Morphometric analysis of the left ventricle confirmed previously described improved geometric conditions for oxygen supply at the distal portions of capillaries (smaller domain areas and shorter capillary segments). In cobalt-treated but not in erythropoietin-treated rats, increased capillary angiogenesis was also detected. In the hearts from rats with both types of polycythemia, a small but significant increase in the formation of arterioles was found. Capillary linear hematocrit was within the normal range in both types of polycythemia despite sizeable increases in systemic hematocrit. Significant differences in red blood cell distribution within capillaries were found between proximal and distal portions in all experimental groups.
Interstitial fluid pressure, vascularity and metastasis in ectopic, orthotopic and spontaneous tumours (2008)

Our studies across a range of different tumour models showed substantial heterogeneity in tumour IFP, suggesting differences in the vascular development and interstitial fluid dynamics in the individual tumours. The results demonstrate a strong stochastic aspect to tumour IFP development, notably the variation apparent between different tumours within the same animal and the lack of correlation between donor and recipient tumours.
Interactive models for semantic labeling of satellite images (2002)

We describe a system for interactive training of models for semantic labeling of land cover. The models are build based on three levels of features: 1) pixel level, 2) region level, and 3) scene level features. We developed a Bayesian algorithm and a decision tree algorithm for interactive training. The Bayesian algorithm enables training based on pixel features. The scene level summaries of pixel features are used for fast retrieval of scenes with high/low content of features and scenes with low confidence of classification. The decision tree algorithm is based on region level features that are extracted based on 1) spectral and textural characteristics of the image, 2) shape descriptors of regions that are created through segmentation process, and 3) auxiliary information such as elevation data. The initial model can be created based on a database of ground truth and than be refined based on the feedback supplied by a data analyst who interactively trains the model using the system output and/or additional scenes. The combination of supervised and unsupervised methods provides a more complete exploration of model space. A user may detect the inadequacy of the model space and add additional features to the model. The graphical tools for the exploration of decision trees allow insight into the interaction of features used in the construction of models. The preliminary experiments show that accurate models can be build in a short time for a variety of land covers. The scalable classification techniques allow for fast searches for a specific label over a large area.
A Dimerization Site at SCR-17/18 in Factor H Clarifies a New Mechanism for Complement Regulatory Control (2021)

Complement Factor H (CFH), with 20 short complement regulator (SCR) domains, regulates the alternative pathway of complement in part through the interaction of its C-terminal SCR-19 and SCR-20 domains with host cell-bound C3b and anionic oligosaccharides. In solution, CFH forms small amounts of oligomers, with one of its self-association sites being in the SCR-16/20 domains. In order to correlate CFH function with dimer formation and the occurrence of rare disease-associated variants in SCR-16/20, we identified the dimerization site in SCR-16/20. For this, we expressed, in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>, the five domains in SCR-16/20 and six fragments of this with one-three domains (SCR-19/20, SCR-18/20, SCR-17/18, SCR-16/18, SCR-17 and SCR-18). Size-exclusion chromatography suggested that SCR dimer formation occurred in several fragments. Dimer formation was clarified using analytical ultracentrifugation, where quantitative <i>c(s)</i> size distribution analyses showed that SCR-19/20 was monomeric, SCR-18/20 was slightly dimeric, SCR-16/20, SCR-16/18 and SCR-18 showed more dimer formation, and SCR-17 and SCR-17/18 were primarily dimeric with dissociation constants of ~5 µM. The combination of these results located the SCR-16/20 dimerization site at SCR-17 and SCR-18. X-ray solution scattering experiments and molecular modelling fits confirmed the dimer site to be at SCR-17/18, this dimer being a side-by-side association of the two domains. We propose that the self-association of CFH at SCR-17/18 enables higher concentrations of CFH to be achieved when SCR-19/20 are bound to host cell surfaces in order to protect these better during inflammation. Dimer formation at SCR-17/18 clarified the association of genetic variants throughout SCR-16/20 with renal disease.
Aspirin, Heparin, or Both to Treat Acute Unstable Angina (1988)

We tested the usefulness of aspirin (325 mg twice daily), heparin (1000 units per hour by intravenous infusion), and a combination of the two in the early management of acute unstable angina pectoris in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 479 patients. The patients entered the study as soon as possible after hospital admission (at a mean [+/- SD] of 7.9 +/- 8.0 hours after the last episode of pain), and the study was ended after 6 +/- 3 days, when definitive therapy had been selected. Major end points--refractory angina, myocardial infarction, and death--occurred in 23, 12, and 1.7 percent of the 118 patients receiving placebo, respectively. Heparin was associated with a decrease in the occurrence of refractory angina (P = 0.002). The incidence of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced in the groups receiving aspirin (3 percent; P = 0.01), heparin (0.8 percent; P less than 0.001), and aspirin plus heparin (1.6 percent, P = 0.003), and no deaths occurred in these groups. There were too few deaths overall to permit evaluation of the effect of treatment on this end point. The combination of aspirin and heparin had no greater protective effect than heparin alone but was associated with slightly more serious bleeding (3.3 vs. 1.7 percent). We conclude that in the acute phase of unstable angina, either aspirin or heparin treatment is associated with a reduced incidence of myocardial infarction, and there is a trend favoring heparin over aspirin. Heparin treatment is also associated with a reduced incidence of refractory angina.
Overexpression of metallothionein in the heart of transgenic mice suppresses doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. (1997)

Metallothionein (MT) may provide protection against doxorubicin-induced heart damage. To test this hypothesis, a heart-specific promoter was used to drive the expression of human MT-IIa gene in transgenic mice. Four healthy transgenic mouse lines were produced. Cardiac MT was constitutively overexpressed from 10- to 130-fold higher than normal. The MT concentration was not altered in liver, kidneys, lungs, or skeletal muscles. Other antioxidant components including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were not altered in the MT-overexpressing heart. Mice (7-wk-old) from transgenic lines expressing MT activity 10- or 130-fold higher than normal and from nontransgenic controls were treated intraperitoneally with doxorubicin at a single dose of 20 mg/kg, and were killed on the 4th day after treatment. As compared to normal controls, transgenic mice exhibited a significant resistance to in vivo doxorubicin-induced cardiac morphological changes, and the increase in serum creatine phosphokinase activity. Atria isolated from transgenic mice and treated with doxorubicin in tissue bath was also more resistant to functional damage induced by this drug. The results provide direct evidence for the role of MT in cardioprotection against doxorubicin toxicity.
The double loop sigma delta modulator with unstable filter dynamics: stability analysis and tone behavior (1996)

Conventional /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators suffer from idle tones. In order to alleviate the tone problem, /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators with unstable filter dynamics have been proposed. In this paper we present an analysis of the saturation characteristics and tone behavior of the double loop /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with unstable filter dynamics. We begin by deriving stability boundaries for the double loop /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with unstable filter dynamics which yield bounds on maximum internal signal levels. We then show via simulations and steady state analysis that while tonal properties are improved by using unstable filter dynamics, idle tones are not completely removed. Specifically, we show that some unstable limit cycles have an attractor region in their neighborhood which results in tones in the spectrum corresponding to the fundamental or harmonics of these limit cycles.
Role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in epilepsy. (1999)

Considerable information is available regarding the role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the generation of interictal spikes. Progress in the study of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) makes clear that activation of these receptors can contribute greatly to seizure discharges and epileptogenesis. The effects of activation of the different mGluR subgroups on neuronal hypersynchrony and the initiation and propagation of seizure discharges in hippocampal slices are discussed herein. To help one understand the mechanisms that underlie these effects, information regarding the action of mGluRs on cellular and synaptic properties is summarized. The data bring to the forefront the critical role of mGluRs in epilepsy and emphasize the anticonvulsant effects of group II and III mGluR activation as opposed to the convulsant action of group 1, which elicits seizure discharges and epileptogenesis in experimental models.
Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Investigation of Some Azine and Thiazine Dyes as Potential Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution (2012)

The inhibition performances of some selected azine and thiazine dyes, namely, Neutral Red (NR), Azure A Eosinate (AAE), Toluidine Blue (TB), phenosafranin (PS), and Rhodanile Blue (RB), on mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution was studied the using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization techniques. Quantum chemical calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and semiempirical (PM3) methods were used to investigate the reactivities and selectivities of the studied cationic dyes. The effects of inhibitor concentration on the inhibition efficiency have been studied. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in concentration of all the studied cationic dyes within the concentration range 100–500 ppm. Potentiodynamic studies revealed that all the inhibitors are of mixed type. The results obtained from the EIS studies showed good agreement with the results from potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) approach was also used to correlate the quantum chemical parameters with the experimentally determined inhibition efficiencies. The results show that thiazine dyes are better corrosion inhibitors than azine dyes; however, when azines contain more electron donor centers than thiazines, they are preferred as corrosion inhibitors to thiazine. Hydrogen bonding could be one of the possible physisorption mechanisms for the adsorption of the selected dyes onto the metal surface because of the many hydrogen bond donor centers in the studied compounds. QSAR results show good correlations between a number of quantum chemical parameters and the determined inhibition efficiency.
Invited Article: All-optical multichannel logic based on coherent perfect absorption in a plasmonic metamaterial (2016)

The exponential growth of telecommunications bandwidth will require next generation optical networks, where multiple spatial information channels will be transmitted in parallel. To realise the full potential of parallel optical data channels, fast and scalable multichannel solutions for processing of optical data are of paramount importance. Established solutions based on the nonlinear wave interaction in photorefractive materials are slow. Here we experimentally demonstrate all-optical logical operations between pairs of simulated spatially multiplexed information channels using the coherent interaction of light with light on a plasmonic metamaterial. The approach is suitable for fiber implementation and—in principle—operates with diffraction-limited spatial resolution, 100 THz bandwidth, and arbitrarily low intensities, thus promising ultrafast, low-power solutions for all-optical parallel data processing.
Development of a chemically defined serum- and protein-free medium for growth of human peripheral lymphocytes. (1986)

A chemically defined, protein-free medium (designated CFBI 1000, where CFBI = Clayton Foundation Biochemical Institute) that supports human peripheral lymphocyte proliferation has been developed. This medium allows exploration of individual metabolic differences by varying the medium composition as well as providing a base to explore further the mechanisms of lymphocyte activation in a system initially free of added macromolecular species other than mitogen. The peripheral blood lymphocyte is an ideal system for metabolic studies because it is easily obtained, is a primary resting cell that can be activated to proliferate, and presumably reflects both the genetic makeup and biochemical environmental history of the individual at the time the cells were formed. Examination of the role of various factors in lymphocyte activation and subsequent events may be simplified by the utilization of a medium that is protein-free and chemically defined. The CFBI 1000 medium supports the growth response of human peripheral lymphocytes to mitogen as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation to an extent comparable to other media used widely in assessment of lymphocyte proliferation.
IRIS - a system for image and video retrieval (1996)

The abundance of available multimedia information (e.g.videos, audio, images) requires efficient and effective annotation and retrieval methods. The IRIS system is designed for content-based retrieval of single images. Techniques and methods from computer vision and AI are combined in a new way within IRIS. The system has been tested with single images on several domains (e.g. landscape images, technical drawings) covering a wide range of applications As videos become a more important role in the frame of multimedia, we want to include them into the IRIS system. This paper describes the methods to divide the video into shots (scenes with a common content) and to create still images for each scene with the mosaicing technique. These images can be analyzed with the IRIS system. The first results of this approach are also shown in this paper.
Modification of SOFC Cathodes by Atomic Layer Deposition (2013)

The influence of electrode modification by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of ceria (CeOx) and strontium oxide (SrO) on the performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes was examined. The cathodes were prepared by infiltration of nitrate salts into porous yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) scaffolds to form composites with 35-wt% La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 (LSF), La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 (LSCo), or Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (BSCF). Both CeOx and SrO films were found to be detrimental to cathode performance; however, the primary mechanism behind the deactivation was different. The SrO films were found to geometrically block the active electrode surface area, while CeOx films strongly deactivated the cathode in ways that could not be explained simply by physical blocking. Submonolayer coverages of CeOx significantly increased the impedance of LSF-YSZ electrodes, while LSCo-YSZ and BSCF-YSZ electrodes were affected to a much lesser extent. The results imply that oxides deposited by ALD affect the oxygen adsorption ability of the electrode, and demonstrate the importance of oxide morphology in attempts to promote the performance of perovskite-based electrodes.
InGaAsP/InP buried-heterostructure lasers (λ = 1.5 μm) with chemically etched mirrors (1981)

Buried-heterostructure InGaAsP/InP lasers with chemically etched mirrors are fabricated successfully. The lasers emit light at ∼1.5 μm. The threshold current of these lasers is nearly the same as that of conventionally fabricated cleaved-mirror lasers. This fabrication procedure enables us to obtain low-threshold-current devices and allows a much wide variety of device design and fabrication compared with the conventional cleaving technique.
A Chemical Screening Strategy for the Dereplication and Prioritization of HIV-Inhibitory Aqueous Natural Products Extracts (1993)

A relatively high percentage (ca. 15%) of aqueous extracts from terrestrial plants, cyanobacteria, and marine invertebrates and algae has exhibited activity in the National Cancer Institute's primary AIDS-antiviral screen. By removal of anionic polysaccharides in a first stage of dereplication, we have eliminated from further consideration a considerable number of these extracts. However, a still substantial proportion of the active extracts remained, from which we wished to select and prioritize a small percentage for our detailed bioassay-directed fractionation studies. Therefore, a chemical screening protocol, utilizing various solid-phase extraction cartridges, has been developed for a second-stage dereplication and to assist in prioritization of these extracts for our further investigations.
Simple tandem organic photovoltaic cells for improved energy conversion efficiency (2008)

We proposed and demonstrated a simple tandem structure of organic photovoltaic (PV) cell for efficient light harvesting. In this device structure, a soluble fullerene derivative of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is employed simultaneously to form a bilayer heterojunction PV subcell with the underlying copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and a bulk heterojunction PV subcell with blended poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). In comparison with the conventional tandem structure, the omission of the semitransparent intercellular connection layer reduces the complexity of the device and the light loss. The enhanced short circuit current density (JSC=8.63mA∕cm2) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) (2.79%) of the tandem structure are nearly the sum of those of the stand-alone cells of CuPc/PCBM (JSC=2.09mA∕cm2, PCE=0.43%) and P3HT:PCBM (JSC=6.87mA∕cm2, PCE=2.50%).
Efficient representation of reflecting structures for a sonar navigation model (2005)

A physically-based simulation model for a sonar navigation system is described, in which the reflecting elements consist of walls, corners and edges arranged in a floor plan. When the transducer is operating in the pulse/echo mode, each element that falls in the transducer field-of-view contributes to the reflected signal through its impulse response. The floor plan is represented as a two-dimensional grid of visibels, that indicate which elements are visible from a particular location. A visibel is represented by a word in computer memory, each bit of which is assigned to a particular element (corner, wall or edge) in the floor plan. The advantage of this conceptually simple approach is that it allows the transducer to move through the floor plan efficiently. This efficiency results because the visibel values are set prior to signal generation, thus allowing a variety of transducer types or transducer locations to be examined quickly. Examples of simulated sonar maps using the time-of-flight ranging system are shown for two floor plans, one simple and the second more complicated. The simulations are verified by comparing them with actual sonar maps obtained with the Polaroid sensor.
MINE EYES : PROXIMITY ALERT FOR MONSTER TRUCKS (2002)

This article reports on tests of GPS-based systems to provide proximity warning systems (PWS) to operators of monster trucks used in surface mines. Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are developing a prototype system, along with various manufacturers. Test showed that PWS can potentially reduce accidents but longer-term and larger-scale testing is needed. Algorithms to trigger proximity warnings need to be more robust and reliable. Additional precautions and training are needed as well. Redundant technologies such as radar, camera and radio-based surveillance and warnings are also needed. The article provides a detailed description of field tests of a prototype in a working mine.
Nerve Growth Factor Stimulates Proliferation and Survival of Human Breast Cancer Cells through Two Distinct Signaling Pathways (2001)

We show here that the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF), which has been shown to be a mitogen for breast cancer cells, also stimulates cell survival through a distinct signaling pathway. Breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47-D, BT-20, and MDA-MB-231) were found to express both types of NGF receptors: p140(trkA) and p75(NTR). The two other tyrosine kinase receptors for neurotrophins, TrkB and TrkC, were not expressed. The mitogenic effect of NGF on breast cancer cells required the tyrosine kinase activity of p140(trkA) as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, but was independent of p75(NTR). In contrast, the anti-apoptotic effect of NGF (studied using the ceramide analogue C2) required p75(NTR) as well as the activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, but neither p140(trkA) nor MAPK was necessary. Other neurotrophins (BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) also induced cell survival, although not proliferation, emphasizing the importance of p75(NTR) in NGF-mediated survival. Both the pharmacological NF-kappaB inhibitor SN50, and cell transfection with IkBm, resulted in a diminution of NGF anti-apoptotic effect. These data show that two distinct signaling pathways are required for NGF activity and confirm the roles played by p75(NTR) and NF-kappaB in the activation of the survival pathway in breast cancer cells.
Glyconanoparticles as multifunctional and multimodal carbohydrate systems (2013)

The quest for the construction of multivalent carbohydrate systems, with precise geometries that are highly efficient in interacting with carbohydrate binding proteins, has been a goal of synthetic chemists since the discovery of the multivalent nature of carbohydrate-mediated interactions. However, the control of the spatial and topological requirements for these systems is still a challenge. Glyconanoparticles (GNPs) are sugar-coated gold, iron oxide or semiconductor nanoparticles with defined thiol-ending glycosides that combine the multivalent presentation of carbohydrates (glycoclusters) with the special chemico-physical properties of the nano-sized metallic core. The possibility of attaching different types of carbohydrates and other molecules (such as luminescent probes, peptides, and magnetic chelates) onto the same gold nanoparticle in a controlled way (multifunctional GNPs), as well as modifying the core in order to obtain glyconanoparticles with magnetic or fluorescence properties (multimodal GNPs) makes this multivalent glyco-scaffold suitable for carrying out studies on carbohydrate-mediated interactions and applications in molecular imaging. In this review, we focus mainly on the rational design of glyconanoparticles as scaffolds for combining different ligands and survey the most recent examples of glyconanoparticles as both multivalent carbohydrate systems and probes for molecular imaging.