gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Spinning Reflector Technique for Ruby Laser Pulse Control (1964)

A method of obtaining high peak power pulses from a ruby laser oscillator by controlling the resonant cavity Q with a spinning reflector technique is described. Basic principles are discussed. A theory regarding the multiple pulse problem of slow Q switching is presented. Practical methods of eliminating critical alignment procedures and increasing effective switching speed are explained. Experimental data relating to the effect of the parameters of cavity output transmission, crystal temperature, pump energy, reflector separation and spinning speed upon laser power and energy are presented. Results of experiments at temperatures ranging from -20°F to 140°F are given. Application of the spinning reflector technique to optical ranging is discussed. Described is an experimental rangefinder designed and fabricated to show feasibility of the technique for military application.
On a dynamic wavelength assignment algorithm for wavelength-routed all optical networks (2006)

Wavelength routed optical network (WRON) is a practicable technology for next-generation high speed backbone networks. Due to the limitation of wavelength resource, it is an important problem in WRON that how to utilize limited wavelength resources and improve the blocking probability of the networks by improving the capacity of the networks. Dynamic wavelength assignment has been known to provide significant improvement of wavelength utilization in a wavelength-routed all optical networks. This paper considers the dynamic wavelength assignment problem and improves a distributed algorithm to solve it. The algorithm is based on the assumption of the availability of equate processing power at the routers and light-paths are constructed dynamically when two end-nodes need to communicate. By introducing pre-releasing scheme and overtime-releasing scheme, novel distributed dynamic algorithm could effectively release wavelength resource. (4 pages)
Addition Compounds of Group V Pentahalides (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAddition Compounds of Group V PentahalidesM. WebsterCite this: Chem. Rev. 1966, 66, 1, 87–118Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60239a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60239a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The neurobiological bases of reading and reading disability (2014)

Typically, arguments for the neurobiological basis of reading disability/dyslexia are drawn from two large bodies of research – one on the brain and the other on the genome. This chapter first presents a discussion of the literature on the so-called reading brain – the brain as it is engaged in reading and reading-related processes (Wolf, 2007). After this, it turns to the genome, as variability in its structure and function is thought to form the substrate, through the brain and, perhaps, other organs of the human organism (e.g., the liver by means of metabolizing Omega 3 fish oil, as discussed in Lindmark & Clough, 2007), of the neurobiological foundation of reading.
THE INNER PLANETS (2010)

We can hardly think of either the sun or the moon as a world in the sense in which our earth is a world, but there are some bodies called planets which seem more like worlds, and it is about them that we are now going to talk. Besides our Earth there are seven planets of considerable size, and a whole host of insignificant little ones. These planets are like ours in a good many respects. One of them, Venus, is about the same size as this earth; but the two others, Mercury and Mars, are a good deal smaller. There are also some planets very much larger than any of these, namely, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. We shall in this lecture chiefly discuss three bodies, namely, Mercury, Venus, and Mars, which, with the earth, form the group of “inner” planets.
Evaluation of free‐volume theories for solvent self‐diffusion in polymer–solvent systems (1993)

Abstract An evaluation of free‐volume theories for solvent self‐diffusion is carried out using recent comprehensive data sets for penetrant self‐diffusion in polymer solutions. Different theories are compared, and free‐volume theories in the prediction of penetrant self‐diffusion coefficients in glassy polymer systems is also evaluated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Yield and Reliability Improvement Techniques for Emerging Nonvolatile STT-MRAM (2014)

The emerging spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) promises many attractive features, such as nonvolatile, high speed and low power etc, which enable it to be a promising candidate for the next-generation logic and memory circuits. However with the continuous scaling technology process, the chip yield and reliability of STT-MRAM face severe challenges due to the increasing permanent and transient faults. Due to the intrinsic fault features and the targeted application requirements of STT-MRAM, traditional fault tolerant design solutions, such as error correction code (ECC), redundancy repair (RR), and fault masking (FM) techniques, cannot be employed straightforwardly for STT-MRAM. In this paper, we propose a synergistic technique framework, named sECC, that integrates both the ECC and FM techniques to address simultaneously the permanent and transient faults. With such approach, permanent faults are masked while transient faults are corrected with the same codeword. Moreover taking into consideration the fact that most permanent faults are sparse [about 60%-70% single isolated faults (SIFs)], we propose further integrating the RR and sECC (named iRRsECC) to optimize the system performance. In this scenario, all the SIFs are masked and the transient faults are corrected with the proposed sECC, while other permanent faulty types (e.g., faulty rows or columns) are repaired with redundant rows or columns. A simulation tool is developed to evaluate the proposed techniques and the evaluation results show their good performance in terms of repair rate and hardware overhead.
Limitations of the magamp regulator and an improved magamp choke design procedure (2003)

Some inherent limitations of the magamp regulator are examined, and their effect on square-loop choke design is explained. One effect is that the commonly used area product design and method may not produce a core which will regulate properly. A core design procedure that includes these factors and utilizes the core volume as well as the area product for optimizing core size and core loss is developed. The impact of choke parameters on loop performance is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new method for internal-external rotation measurement in a prosthetic knee (2012)

In this work, a magnetic measurement system was designed and tested to estimate the Internal-External rotation between the Tibial and Femural parts of a knee prosthesis. To obtain this, the sensors were inserted in polyethylene part while a permanent magnet was placed below the Tibial plate. The configuration was designed to keep the intrinsic unbiassness to the positive and negative internal-external angles. A linear regression model was used to map magnetic measurements of the sensors to the angles. For validation the prosthesis was placed in a mechanical simulator equipped with reflective markers tracked by optical motion capture system
Subunit structure of bovine ESF (extracellular‐matrix stabilizing factor(s)) (1993)

Two chondroitin sulfate-containing complexes have been isolated from fetal bovine serum and shown to contain the serine protease inhibitor bikunin. A complex of 126 kDa contains bikunin linked by a chondroitin sulfate chain to a protein with homology to the HC2 component of the human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. This complex represents the extracellular matrix stabilizing factor recently described as a bikunin-containing fraction necessary for expansion of the cumulus matrix [(1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 12380-12386]. A second complex of 236 kDa contains, in addition to bikunin and HC2, a bovine homolog of HC3 of the human pre-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. Thus, bovine bikunin is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that achieves multifunctionality by linkage to proteins homologous to human serine antiproteinase complexes.
Pulse oximetry. (1995)

Pulse oximetry is a reliable, noninvasive, easy to use means of continuously determining arterial oxygen saturation in virtually any setting. This article details the historical and technical development of this monitor; reviews the literature on application, accuracy, and response; and presents an overview of future advances.
Proteomic Evaluation of Acquired Enamel Pellicle during In Vivo Formation (2013)

Acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a protein film that forms on the enamel surface of teeth by selective adsorption of proteins and peptides present in the mouth. This protein film forms the interface between enamel and the damage oral biofilm, which modulates the attachment of bacteria found in oral biofilm. The overall goal of this study was to gain insight into the biological formation of the human in vivo AEP. This study hypothesized that AEP is created by the formation of successive protein layers, which consist of initial binding to enamel and subsequent protein-protein interactions. This hypothesis was examined by observing quantitative and qualitative changes in pellicle composition during the first two hours of AEP formation in the oral cavity. Quantitative mass spectrometry approaches were used to generate an AEP protein profile for each time-point studied. Relative proteomic quantification was carried out for the 50 proteins observed in all four time-points. Notably, the abundance of important salivary proteins, such as histatin 1, decrease with increasing of the AEP formation, while other essential proteins such as statherin showed constant relative abundance in all time-points. In summary, this is the first study that investigates the dynamic process to the AEP formation by using proteomic approaches. Our data demonstrated that there are significant qualitative and quantitative proteome changes during the AEP formation, which in turn will likely impact the development of oral biofilms.
Properties of the principal anion-exchange mechanism in human neutrophils. (1988)

As part of our ongoing studies aimed at understanding the physiology of human neutrophil function, we have been investigating the nature of the principal anion-exchange mechanism in these cells. This countertransport system functions physiologically as a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in intracellular pH regulation from alkalinization (Simchowitz and Roos, 1985). In summarizing the results of our work, it is worthwhile to keep in mind the well-defined properties of the classic inorganic anion-exchange carrier of red blood cells, as important differences between the two are evident. Inhibitor Profile In our original articles on Cl- movements (Simchowitz and De Weer, 1986; Simchowitz et al., 1986), we had identified CHC, which suppresses monocarboxylate transport in mitochondria (Halestrap and Denton, 1975), as a relatively weak inhibitor. Several structural analogues, including alpha-methylcinnamate and alpha-phenylcinnamate, exhibited enhanced activity against anion exchange. The most potent compound thus far identified was UK-5099, which was approximately 300-fold more active than CHC. The inhibitory effect of each member of this series of compounds was strictly competitive in nature: both the drug and Cl ions appeared to bind to the same external translocation site on the exchange carrier. The inhibition by several other unrelated agents (e.g., MK-473, niflumate, flufenamate, and NAP-taurine), all weak organic acids, was also of the competitive type, which suggests that these compounds bind to the carrier by virtue of their negatively charged carboxyl or sulfonic groups. In marked contrast to erythrocytes, the anion-exchange carrier of neutrophils is rather insensitive to the disulfonic stilbenes SITS and DIDS (Simchowitz and De Weer, 1986): little or no effect can be detected in 148 mM Cl-. However, under conditions of low external Cl- (5-35 mM), SITS can in fact be shown to interact weakly with the anion binding site of the exchange carrier. In a comparable vein, several other drugs, all of which have been reported to suppress Cl- fluxes in red cells (for reviews, see Sachs et al., 1975; Gunn, 1979; Knauf, 1979; Lowe and Lambert, 1983), were either completely inactive against anion exchange in neutrophils at a concentration of 1 mM or only marginally effective at doses several orders of magnitude greater than those required in red blood cells. This list included furosemide, picrylsulfonate, maleic anhydride, 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoate), salicylate, 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone, and aldrithiol.4+he external
Generic memoryless polygonal simplification (2001)

We present a new framework for generic and adaptive memoryless surface simplification. We show that many existing techniques of simplification based on the edge collapse / vertex split operations differ only in terms of memory-resident data used to improve running performance. By removing the need for this memory we are able to implement multiple simplification techniques on the same platform. Our generic platform can be used as a tool for the generation and evaluation of custom error metrics. We present two new error metrics designed using our generic framework. We present a novel batched ordering technique based on the generic simplification framework, which allows for adaptive simplification and automatic level-of-detail generation.
Pig interleukin 1. Purification of two immunologically different leukocyte proteins that cause cartilage resorption, lymphocyte activation, and fever. (1985)

Two forms of interleukin 1 (IL-1) were purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatants of pig buffy coat leukocytes stimulated with concanavalin A. The two proteins had identical Mr of 21,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but one, which had previously been purified as a cartilage-resorbing protein, had pI 5 (IL-1/5) and the other, pI 8.3 (IL-1/8). After initial gel filtration and separation by chromatofocusing IL-1/5 was purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and the ion exchangers, Mono S and Mono Q; IL-1/8 was purified by chromatography at pH 4.0 and pH 6.4 on Mono S. Purification was monitored by a cartilage proteoglycan release assay and both proteins had a final specific activity approximately 10(5) times that of the leukocyte culture medium. Medium conditioned by cells from 200 L of blood yielded approximately 15 micrograms of IL-1/5 and 50 micrograms IL-1/8. IL-1/8 augmented mouse thymocyte proliferation, stimulated synovial fibroblasts to produce prostaglandin E and latent collagenase, and was pyrogenic upon intracerebroventricular injection into rabbits. IL-1/5 has previously been shown to possess all these activities. An antiserum to each IL-1 was raised in rabbits. Each antiserum inhibited its respective IL-1 in a cartilage bioassay and stained it upon Western blotting. Neither antiserum inhibited or stained the other IL-1. We conclude that pig leukocytes make two immunologically distinct forms of IL-1 that have identical Mr, demonstrate the same range of biological activity, but differ in isoelectric point.
Volatility and High Thermal Stability in Mid- to Late-First-Row Transition-Metal Diazadienyl Complexes (2011)

Treatment of MCl2 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) with 2 equiv of lithium metal and 1,4-di-tert-butyl-1,3-diazadiene (tBu2DAD) in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature afforded Cr(tBu2DAD)2 (38%), Mn(tBu2DAD)2 (81%), Fe(tBu2DAD)2 (47%), Co(tBu2DAD)2 (36%), and Ni(tBu2DAD)2 (41%). Crystal structure determinations revealed monomeric complexes that adopt tetrahedral coordination environments and were consistent with tBu2DAD radical anion ligands. To evaluate the viability of M(tBu2DAD)2 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) as potential film growth precursors, thermogravimetric analyses, preparative sublimations, and solid-state decomposition studies were performed. Mn(tBu2DAD)2 is the most thermally robust among the series, with a solid-state decomposition temperature of 325 °C, a sublimation temperature of 120 °C/0.05 Torr, and a nonvolatile residue of 4.3% in a preparative sublimation. Thermogravimetric traces of all complexes show weight loss regimes from 150 to 225 °C with final percent residues at 500 °C ranging from 1.5 to 3.6%. Thermolysis studies reveal that all complexes except Mn(tBu2DAD)2 decompose into their respective crystalline metal powders under an inert atmosphere. Mn(tBu2DAD)2 may afford amorphous manganese metal upon thermolysis.
A Novel Interaction between Kinesin and p120 Modulates p120 Localization and Function (2004)

p120-catenin exists in a membrane-associated cadherin-bound pool, a cytosolic pool that affects Rho GTPases, and a nuclear pool that is thought to associate with the methylation-relevant transcriptional repressor Kaiso. We show here that cytoplasmic p120 can also associate both directly and indirectly with the microtubule network, and that p120 traffics along microtubules toward their plus ends. The direct binding required most of the armadillo repeats and was mutually exclusive for interaction with E-cadherin. Perturbing the p120-microtubule interaction with nocodazole or taxol markedly affected both the tubulin interaction and the balance between cytoplasmic and nuclear p120. The indirect binding occurred via a novel interaction between a segment of the p120 N-terminal domain and conventional kinesin heavy chains. Selective uncoupling of the p120-kinesin interaction by overexpression of the respective p120 and kinesin-binding fragments promoted nuclear p120 accumulation. In addition, expression of full-length kinesin reduced the nuclear accumulation of p120 and blocked the branching phenotype associated with p120 overexpression. Taken together, the data suggest that kinesin affects both the targeting and activity of p120 at several cellular locations.
Behavior of a ‐ SiN :  H  and a ‐ SiON :  H  Films in Condensed Water (1992)

The etch rates of plasma‐deposited silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride films in condensed water were studied as a function of water temperature, pH of the solution, and film composition. The etch rates for all films at water temperatures between 50 and 125°C were between 0.2 and 10.0 nm/h. The activation energies were between 0.6 and 1.0 eV. Where water condensation on devices is possible, water etching of the passivation should be considered as a potential failure mode.
The−1562 C/T polymorphism of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene is not associated with cognitive performance in healthy participants (2009)

Rybakowski, Janusz K.a; Borkowska, Alinad; Skibinska, Mariab; Kaczmarek, Leszekc; Hauser, Joannab Author Information
Model for solute redistribution during rapid solidification (1982)

A microscopic model for impurity uptake at a sharp crystal-liquid interface during alloy solidification is presented in terms of the bulk properties of the liquid and solid phases. The results for stepwise growth and continuous growth at the same interface velocity differ quantitatively but exhibit the same qualitative features. A transition from equilibrium segregation to complete solute trapping occurs as the velocity surpasses the diffusive speed of solute in the liquid. The location of the transition varies little with equilibrium segregation coefficient, and a kinetic limit to solute trapping is found to be quite unlikely. Comparison is made with other models; critical differences are pointed out. Coupled with a growth velocity equation and with macroscopic heat- and solute-diffusion equations, the model forms a complete description of one-dimensional crystal growth. The steady-state solution to this system is indicated for the case of a planar interface. The results are applied to describe regrowth from laser-induced melting. Preliminary comparison with experiment is made. The steady-state solution for thermal and impurity transport is suggested for use whenever detailed computer calculations are unavailable or are unnecessarily involved.
Electrostatic Effects on Lipid Phase Transitions: Membrane Structure and Ionic Environment (1974)

Ordered --> fluid phase transitions in bilayers of charged lipids are accompanied by a decrease in electrostatic free energy mainly as a result of bilayer expansion. For uniform charge distribution the Gouy-Chapman theory of the electrical double layer predicts a decrease of the transition temperature with increasing charge density. We studied the effects of pH and mono- and divalent cations on the phase transition of lecithin, cephalin, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid bilayers. Phosphatidic acid with two ionizable protons was selected for a systematic investigation. A change in pH from 7 to 9 increases the charge per polar group from one to two elementary charges. This lowers the transition temperature by about 20 degrees C in agreement with the theory. In this pH region rather small changes in pH suffice to induce the phase transition at constant temperature. Divalent cations (Mg(++) and Ca(++)) increase the transition temperature by charge neutralization and thus can be used to induce the fluid --> ordered transition at constant temperature. In contrast, monovalent cations (Li(+), Na(+), K(+)) lower the transition temperature, or fluidize the bilayer structure at a given temperature. Rather small changes in ionic environment can induce gross alterations in bilayer structure; divalent and monovalent cations have antagonistic effects. This result parallels current theories on nerve excitation and sensory transduction where cation-induced structural changes in biomembranes are invoked.
Chemoselective derivatization of a bionanoparticle by click reaction and ATRP reaction (2007)

Horse spleen apoferritin, the hollow protein shell derived from ferritin, a special biological nanoparticle, can be chemoselectively modified at the lysine residues, which affords a robust scaffold for further chemical reactions including Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and atom transfer radical polymerization reaction.