gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-grafted gelatin as thermoresponsive three-dimensional artificial extracellular matrix: molecular and formulation parameters vs. cell proliferation potential (2005)

A series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted gelatins (PNIPAM gelatins) of three different graft densities (approx. 11, 22 and 34 graft chains per gelatin molecule) and three different molecular weights of their graft chains (molecular weight approximately 1.2 x 10(4), 5.0 x 10(4) and 1.3 x 10(5) g/mol) were prepared by multiple derivatization of dithiocarbamyl (DC) group in a gelatin molecule and subsequent iniferter (acts as an initiator, transfer-agent and terminator)-based photopolymerization of NIPAM. The weight ratio of PNIPAM graft chains to gelatin (P/G) varied from 1.4 to 49. Aqueous solutions of PNIPAM-gelatins showed thermo-responsiveness, depended on the graft density and the molecular weight of PNIPAM graft chain or P/G. Aqueous solutions (10 or 20%, w/v) of PNIPAM-gelatins with P/G of more than 5.8 were converted to gels at 37 degrees C. Focal plane images of PNIPAM-gelatin gels by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the size of hydrophobically clustered aggregates increased with P/G, whereas the space of microvoids decreased with concentration. Compressive strain-stress measurements revealed that compressive strength of PNIPAM-gelatin increased with P/G. Bovine smooth muscle cells (SMCs)-entrapped gels were produced from PNIPAM-gelatin-containing cell-suspended medium solutions at 37 degrees C. The entrapped cells proliferated in the gel with P/G of more than 12. A higher cell proliferativity was obtained at low concentration (5%, w/v) and higher P/G (>18). Tissue formation composed of proliferative SMCs and cell-secreted extracellular matrices (collagen) was obtained at 14 days incubation. The inter-relationship between the molecular parameters of PNIPAM-gelatin, internal structural features and cell proliferation potential was discussed.
Production of transforming growth factor-beta by Mycobacterium avium-infected human macrophages is associated with unresponsiveness to IFN-gamma (1993)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a potent immunoregulatory molecule. It modulates production of cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, and cell response to cytokine stimulation. Mycobacterium avium is an intracellular bacterium that multiplies within macrophages. The reason why M. avium can survive within macrophages is still unknown but probably is multifactorial. Exposure of M. avium-infected macrophages to rTGF-beta 1 before TNF stimulation significantly decreases the mycobactericidal/mycobacteriostatic activity associated with treatment with TNF. Infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro with M. avium strains belonging to serovars 1, 4, and 8 induced secretion of biologically active TGF-beta. The production of TGF-beta was strain dependent and was more pronounced in macrophages infected with virulent strains. Incubation of macrophages with M. avium-derived 33-kDa and 65-kDa proteins was associated with significant release of biologically active TGF-beta. Treatment of M. avium-infected macrophages with rTNF-alpha in the presence of anti-TGF-beta 1 antibody induced significantly greater killing of M. avium than did treatment of macrophages with TNF-alpha in the absence of anti-TGF-beta 1 antibody. In addition, macrophage monolayers treated with anti-TGF-beta 1 antibody before infection with M. avium showed mycobactericidal activity after stimulation with rIFN-gamma; in contrast, no effect of IFN-gamma was seen in monolayers not treated with anti-TGF-beta 1 antibody. We conclude that TGF-beta 1 produced after M. avium infection is a potent inhibitor of macrophage activation by cytokines. This inhibition may have an important role in the regulation of the immune response against M. avium.
Effect of critical illness on microbial translocation and gastrointestinal mucosa permeability. (1994)

It has been hypothesized that the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract is deranged in patients with trauma, sepsis, or other critical illnesses. Derangements in intestinal barrier function might lead to bloodstream invasion by gut-derived microbes and/or activation of inflammatory cells in the submucosa of the intestine or within the liver. Activated immune cells are capable of releasing a number of inflammatory mediators, including eicosanoids and cytokines, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Thus, gut-barrier dysfunction might be primary factor leading to MODS in patients with critical illness. Two distinct forms of gut-barrier dysfunction have been described. The first, called translocation, appears to a transcellular process, whereby particulate antigens, including viable microbes, are transported across enterocytes into the submucosal compartment. The second is an increase in the paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium, which permits increased transmucosal absorption of water-soluble macromolecules. Pathological increases in both translocation and permeability occur in a number of animal models of critical illness. Moreover, a number of studies have documented that intestinal permeability is increased in humans with trauma, sepsis, burns, or other serious, acute medical problems. Nevertheless, convincing data to establish a causal link between gut-barrier dysfunction and organ failure in humans are lacking, and the importance of translocation and/or mucosal hyperpermeability on the development of MODS in patients remains to be elucidated.
Multi-loop adaptive controllers in nonlinear process control (2002)

Adaptive controllers are investigated for control of a high-purity binary distillation column. A generalized predictive controller and an adaptive PID (proportional plus integral plus derivative) controller based on expert system concepts are used in a multiloop configuration to control column bottom and top compositions. The performance of these controllers is also compared with that of the conventional PID controller. The results obtained have shown that the adaptive PID controller based on expert system and pattern recognition ideas provides good results from the control, engineering, and cost-effectiveness points of view.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deletion analysis of protein kinase c inactivation by calphostin C (1995)

Protein kinase C (PKC) undergoes specific inactivation by nanomolar concentrations of calphostin C. Both PKC-alpha (a Ca(2+)-dependent conventional isoform) and PKC-epsilon (a Ca(2+)-independent novel isoform) are similarly inactivated by calphostin C (75-100 nM produced 50% inhibition), suggesting that inactivation requires a site common to both classes of PKC. We therefore performed studies to identify a critical region in the regulatory domain of PKC-alpha required for inactivation by calphostin C. A series of N-terminal-truncation mutants of bovine PKC-alpha expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was tested with 500 nM calphostin C, a concentration sufficient to inactivate wild-type PKC-alpha by 80-90%. This concentration was as effective with mutant proteins containing deletions of up to 91 amino acid (aa) residues from the amino terminus (ND91), whereas a mutant protein truncated by 140 aa (ND140) was inactivated by only 20%. These findings imply that the aa sequence 92-140 is a structural determinant of PKC-alpha inactivation by calphostin C. This sequence contains one of the phorbol ester-binding sites (aa 102-144), which is highly conserved among most PKC isoforms including PKC-epsilon. In addition to aa 92-140, PKC-stimulating cofactors (phosphatidylserine, phorbol ester, and Ca2+) are required for inactivation by calphostin C even in the case of PKC mutants that do not require these cofactors for enzymatic activity. These results suggest that cofactors provide a template that is required for productive interaction of PKC and the inhibitor. The significance of the proposed proximity effect to calphostin C action is discussed.
Dummy transistor compensation of analog MOS switches (1989)

Theoretical and experimental results of the clock-feedthrough phenomenon (charge injection) in sample-and-hold circuits using minimum features size transistors of a self-aligned 3 mu m CMOS technology are compared. The lumped RC model of the conductive channel is used and verified in different switch configurations with variable input voltages. Special emphasis is placed on the feasibility and limits of charge cancellation techniques using dummy switches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generic Multi-Access (GMA) Convergence Encapsulation Protocols (2019)

Today, a device can be simultaneously connected to multiple networks,
e.g. Wi-Fi, LTE, 5G, and DSL. It is desirable to combine them
seamlessly to improve quality of experience. Such optimization
requires additional control information, e.g. Sequence Number, in each
(IP) data packet. This document presents a new light-weight and
flexible encapsulation protocol for this need. The solution has been
developed by the authors based on their experiences in multiple
standards bodies including the IETF and 3GPP, is not an Internet
Standard and does not represent the consensus opinion of the IETF.
This document will enable other developers to build interoperable
implementations.
<i>FGFR2</i> -Amplified Gastric Cancer Cell Lines Require FGFR2 and Erbb3 Signaling for Growth and Survival (2008)

We have identified a critical role for amplified FGFR2 in gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival. In a panel of gastric cancer cell lines, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) was overexpressed and tyrosine phosphorylated selectively in FGFR2-amplified cell lines KatoIII, Snu16, and OCUM-2M. FGFR2 kinase inhibition by a specific small-molecule inhibitor resulted in selective and potent growth inhibition in FGFR2-amplified cell lines, resulting in growth arrest in KatoIII cells and prominent induction of apoptosis in both Snu16 and OCUM-2M cells. FGFR2-amplified cell lines also contained elevated phosphotyrosine in EGFR, Her2, and Erbb3, but the elevated phosphorylation in EGFR could not be inhibited by gefitinib or erlotinib. We show that the elevated EGFR, Her2, and Erbb3 phosphotyrosine is dependent on FGFR2, revealing EGFR family kinases to be downstream targets of amplified FGFR2. Moreover, shRNA to Erbb3 resulted in a loss of proliferation, confirming a functional role for the activated EGFR signaling pathway. These results reveal that both the FGFR2 and EGFR family signaling pathways are activated in FGFR2-amplified gastric cancer cell lines to drive cell proliferation and survival. Inhibitors of FGFR2 or Erbb3 signaling may have therapeutic efficacy in the subset of gastric cancers containing FGFR2 amplification.
Design, Synthesis, and Dopamine Receptor Modulating Activity of Spiro Bicyclic Peptidomimetics of<scp>l</scp>-Prolyl-<scp>l</scp>-leucyl-glycinamide (1999)

In the present study, the synthesis of the 5.5.6. and 5.6.5. spiro bicyclic lactam PLG peptidomimetics, compounds 3 and 4, respectively, was undertaken. These peptidomimetics were designed to examine the following: (1) the effect that changing the size of the thiazolidine and lactam ring systems would have on the ability of these systems to mimic the type-II beta-turn and (2) the effect that these structural perturbations would have on the ability of the peptidomimetics to modulate dopamine receptors. Through the use of the [3H]spiroperidol/N-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) dopamine D2 receptor competitive binding assay, 3 and 4, at a concentration of 100 nM, decreased the dissociation constant of the high-affinity state of the dopamine receptor for the agonist. These effects were observed when either Gpp(NH)p was absent or present and they were comparable to those produced by PLG at a concentration of 1 microM. Peptidomimetics 3 and 4 also increased the percentage of D2 receptors that existed in the high-affinity state. Even with Gpp(NH)p present, 3 and 4 were able to return the RH/RL ratios to values observed in the respective controls where Gpp(NH)p was absent. Furthermore, both peptidomimetics were able to attenuate the Gpp(NH)p-induced shift to the low-affinity state to a greater extent than PLG. Peptidomimetics 3 and 4 were evaluated in vivo as modulators of apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of hemiparkinsonism, and each affected the rotational behavior in a bell-shaped dose-response relationship producing increases of 95 +/- 31% (0.01 mg/kg, ip) and 88 +/- 14% (0.001 mg/kg, ip), respectively. In comparison, the previously reported 5.5.5. spiro bicyclic lactam 2 increased rotational behavior by 25 +/- 11% (0.01 mg/kg, ip).
A new sensorless drive scheme for a BLDC motor based on the terminal voltage difference (2011)

This paper presents a new sensorless drive scheme for a brushless DC (BLDC) motor based on the terminal voltage difference. Unlike the zero crossing point (ZCP) of the phase back electro-motive force (BEMF) which has been used in the conventional sensorless drive schemes, the ZCP of the BEMF difference between two phases corresponds to the commutation point of a BLDC motor accurately. So as to detect the ZCP and adopt it to the BLDC motor commutation, a circuit which constitutes of a differential amplifier and a comparator is designed. Some experimental results show that the output of the suggested circuit is analogous to the hall sensor signal and it can be used for BLDC motor sensorless drive.
IMPURITIES AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN PHARMACY (2010)

The current practice of characterization and control of impurities in pharmaceutical substances and products are reviewed with emphasis on issues specific to the active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmaceutical formulations. The control of pharmaceutical impurities in the pharmaceutical industry is an important task to the formulator. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has formulated a workable guideline regarding the control of impurities in pharmaceutical drug substance as well as formulations. In this review article, impurities, its different types and origin of impurities have been discussed briefly.
From chrome bedrails to pastel walkers: changes in design for seniors. (1993)

The author explores a new philosophy of design--with reference to assistive devices for the elderly--that promotes comfort, ease of use, and safety. By re-examining long-held assumptions about the needs and desires of the elderly, designers of assistive devices can pin down some of the elusive aspects of comfort, privacy, and security. The author also outlines ways of contributing to designers' understanding of the needs of the elderly and offers advice on locating information about specialty products.
Sequence Diversity in the Tetraploid <i>Zea perennis</i> and the Closely Related Diploid <i>Z. diploperennis</i>: Insights From Four Nuclear Loci (2001)

Polyploidy has been an extremely common phenomenon in the evolutionary history of angiosperms. Despite this there are few data available to evaluate the effects of polyploidy on genetic diversity and to compare the relative effects of drift and selection in polyploids and related diploids. We investigated DNA sequence diversity at four nuclear loci (adh1, glb1, c1, and waxy) from the tetraploid Zea perennis and the closely related diploid Z. diploperennis. Contrary to expectations, we detected no strong evidence for greater genetic diversity in the tetraploid, or for consistent differences in the effects of either drift or selection between the tetraploid and the diploid. Our failure to find greater genetic diversity in Z. perennis may result from its relatively recent origin or demographic factors associated with its origin. In addition to comparing genetic diversity in the two species, we constructed genealogies to infer the evolutionary origin of Z. perennis. Although these genealogies are equivocal regarding the mode of origin, several aspects of these genealogies support an autotetraploid origin. Consistent with previous molecular data the genealogies do not, however, support the division of Zea into two sections, the section Zea and the section Luxuriantes.
Layout driven logic synthesis for FPGAs (1994)

In this paper, we propose a layout driven synthesis approach for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The approach attempts to identify alternative wires and alternative functions for wires that cannot be routed due to the limited routing resources in FPGA. The alternative wires (in the logic level) that can be routed through less congested areas substitute the unroutable wires without changing the circuit's functionality. Allowing the logic blocks to have alternative functions also increases the flexibility of routing. The redundancy addition and removal techniques are used to identify such alternative wires. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach. For a set of randomly selected benchmark circuits, on the average, 30%-50% of wires have alternative wires. These results indicate that the routing flexibility can be substantially increased by considering these alternative wires. Our prototype system successfully completed the routing for two AT&T designs that cannot be handled by an FPGA router alone. The proposed synthesis technique can also be applied to standard cell and gate array designs to reduce the routing area.
Malignant neoplasms 1971-1983 in Northeastern Zaire, with particular reference to Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant melanoma. (1984)

Sur 2675 biopsies prises au centre medical evangelique a Nyankunde au Nord est du Zaire entre 1971 et 1983, 794 etaient malignes. Chez les hommes le sarcome de Kaposi etait le neoplasme le plus frequent (16,5%) des biopsies. Un changement dans le temps ne fut observe ni pour le sarcome de Kaposi ni pour le melanome malin
Gas Turbine Reheat Using In-Situ Combustion (2004)

Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation (SWPC) is developing in-situ reheat (fuel injection via airfoil injection) as a means for increasing cycle efficiency and power output, with possibly reduced emissions. This report discusses engineering cycle evaluations on various reheat approaches, using GateCycle and ChemCad software simulations of typical F-class and G-class engines, modified for alternative reheat cycles. The conclusion that vane 1 reheat offers the most advantageous design agrees with the conclusions of the detailed chemical kinetics (Task 2) as verified by high temperature testing (Task 3) and Blade path CFD (Task 1) tasks. The second choice design option (vane 2 reheat after vane 1 reheat) is also validated in all tasks. A conceptual design and next recommended development tasks are presented.
All-optical parallel-to-serial conversion by holographic spatial-to-temporal frequency encoding (1995)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. C. Sun, Y. T. Mazurenko, W. S. C. Chang, P. K. L. Yu, and Y. Fainman, "All-optical parallel-to-serial conversion by holographic spatial-to-temporal frequency encoding," Opt. Lett. 20, 1728-1730 (1995) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The utilization of urea in the bovine rumen. 3. The synthesis and breakdown of protein in rumen ingesta (1943)

UREA BY RUMINANTS 153 ished significantly. At the lower concentrations inhibition with boric acid was greater than with borax. SUMMARY 1. In the utilization of urea by dairy cattle the first stage is probably the conversion of urea to NH3 in the rumen. Moreover, the urease activity of the rumen ingesta is so great at all times of the day, whatever the time of feeding, and remains so little affected by relatively large apaounts of urea, that all the urea ever likely to be fed, even to a high yielding cow in full lactation, would readily be converted to NH3 within 1 hr. This fact has been confirmed by Wegner, Booth, Bohstedt & Hart [1941], who found a marked increase in N.P.N. and NH3 in the rumen after a urea meal but were unable to detect urea itself.
Nuclear localization of the p120 <sup>ctn</sup> Armadillo-like catenin is counteracted by a nuclear export signal and by E-cadherin expression (1999)

The Armadillo protein p120(ctn) associates with the cytoplasmic domain of cadherins and accumulates at cell-cell junctions. Particular Armadillo proteins such as beta-catenin and plakophilins show a partly nuclear location, suggesting gene-regulatory activities. For different human E-cadherin-negative carcinoma cancer cell lines we found expression of endogenous p120(ctn) in the nucleus. Expression of E-cadherin directed p120(ctn) out of the nucleus. Previously, we reported that the human p120(ctn) gene might encode up to 32 protein isoforms as products of alternative splicing. Overexpression of p120(ctn) isoforms B in various cell lines resulted in cytoplasmic immunopositivity but never in nuclear staining. In contrast, upon expression of p120(ctn) cDNAs lacking exon B, the isoforms were detectable within both nuclei and cytoplasm. A putative nuclear export signal (NES) with a characteristic leucine-rich motif is encoded by exon B. This sequence element was shown to be required for nuclear export and to function autonomously when fused to a carrier protein and microinjected into cell nuclei. Moreover, the NES function of endogenously or exogenously expressed p120(ctn) isoforms B was sensitive to the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. Expression of exogenous E-cadherin down-regulated nuclear p120(ctn) whereas activation of protein kinase C increased the level of nuclear p120(ctn). These results reveal molecular mechanisms controlling the subcellular distribution of p120(ctn).
Glycogen synthase activity is reduced in cultured skeletal muscle cells of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms. (1996)

To determine whether glycogen synthase (GS) activity remains impaired in skeletal muscle of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients or can be normalized after prolonged culture, needle biopsies of vastus lateralis were obtained from 8 healthy nondiabetic control (ND) and 11 NIDDM subjects. After 4-6 wk growth and 4 d fusion in media containing normal physiologic concentrations of insulin (22 pM) and glucose (5.5 mM), both basal (5.21 +/- 0.79 vs 9.01 +/- 1.25%, P < 0.05) and acute insulin-stimulated (9.35 +/- 1.81 vs 16.31 +/- 2.39, P < 0.05) GS fractional velocity were reduced in NIDDM compared to ND cells. Determination of GS kinetic constants from muscle cells of NIDDM revealed an increased basal and insulin-stimulated Km(0.1) for UDP-glucose, a decreased insulin-stimulated Vmax(0.1) and an increased insulin-stimulated activation constant (A(0.5)) for glucose-6-phosphate. GS protein expression, determined by Western blotting, was decreased in NIDDM compared to ND cells (1.57 +/- 0.29 vs 3.30 +/- 0.41 arbitrary U/mg protein, P < 0.05). GS mRNA abundance also tended to be lower, but not significantly so (0.168 +/- 0.017 vs 0.243 +/- 0.035 arbitrary U, P = 0.08), in myotubes of NIDDM subjects. These results indicate that skeletal muscle cells of NIDDM subjects grown and fused in normal culture conditions retain defects of basal and insulin-stimulated GS activity that involve altered kinetic behavior and possibly reduced GS protein expression. We conclude that impaired regulation of skeletal muscle GS in NIDDM patients is not completely reversible in normal culture conditions and involves mechanisms that may be genetic in origin.