gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local drag reduction due to injection of polymer solutions into turbulent flow in a pipe. Part II: Laser‐doppler measurements of turbulent structure (1982)

Abstract Aqueous solutions of polythyleneoxide (Polyox WSR‐301) were injected into a pipe flow through either a small tube at the center line or an annular slot in the wall. The solution contained polymer at an injection concentration of 1,000 wppm. Injection into water flow with a Reynolds number Re = 3.5 × 10 4 was at a rate which gave a mean polymer concentration of 5.0 wppm in the water flow. A laser‐Doppler anemometer (LDA) was used to measure the streamwise turbulent velocity at various radial positions and at several stations downstream from the injection point. Results were obtained for mean velocity and intensity profiles; autocorrelations; and one‐dimensional energy spectra. The mean bursting period was determined using the “short‐sampling‐time” autocorrelation method. Changes in all these quantities due to polymer injection were found to depend on the amount of local drag reduction at that particular downstream station but were independent of the local polymer concentration at the measuring point.
Mitochondrial Superoxide Anion Overproduction in<i>Tet</i>-<i>mev-1</i>Transgenic Mice Accelerates Age-Dependent Corneal Cell Dysfunctions (2012)

These results suggest that mitochondrial oxidative stress with electron transport chain dysfunction can influence pathogenesis and progression of age-related corneal diseases, as well as generalized corneal aging acceleration.
Core–shell H-ZSM-5/silicalite-1 composites: Brønsted acidity and catalyst deactivation at the individual particle level (2011)

A combination of in situ UV-Vis and confocal fluorescence micro-spectroscopy is applied to investigate the influence of an external silicalite-1 shell on the Brønsted acidity and coke formation process of individual H-ZSM-5 zeolite crystals. Three probe reactions were used: oligomerization of styrene, methanol-to-olefin (MTO) conversion and aromatization of light naphtha (LNA) derivatives. Oligomerization of styrene leads to the formation of optically active carbocationic oligomers. Different styrene substitutions indicate the conversion ability of the catalyst acid core, a preferred alignment of the oligomers within the straight zeolite channels and a Brønsted acidity gradient throughout the zeolite crystal. Both the MTO conversion and the LNA process lead to limited carbonaceous deposition within the external silicalite-1 layer. This outer shell furthermore prevents the growth of extended coke species at the zeolite external surface. During MTO, the formation of carbonaceous compounds initiates at the center of the H-ZSM-5 zeolite core and expands towards the zeolite exterior. This coke build-up starts with a 420 nm UV-Vis absorption band, assigned to methyl-substituted aromatic carbocations, and a second band around 550 nm, which is indicative of their growth towards larger conjugated systems. Aromatization of linear and branched C5 paraffins causes negligible darkening of the zeolite crystals though it forms fluorescent coke deposits and their precursors within the H-ZSM-5 catalyst. Olefin homologues on the contrary cause pronounced darkening of the zeolite composite. Methyl-branching of these reactants slows down the coke formation rate and produces carbonaceous species that are more restricted in their molecular size.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Wheel-Rail Adhesion and Wear Using a Scaled Roller Rig and a Real-Time Contact Code (2014)

The work shows the use of a scaled roller rig to validate a real time wheel-rail contact code developed to study the wheel rail adhesion and the wear evolution. The code allows the profiles to change at each time step in order to take into account the material loss due to the wear process. The contact code replicates a testing machine composed of a roller rig with a prototype of a single suspended wheelset pressed onto it with a variable load. The roller rig, developed at Politecnico di Torino, is used to validate and optimize the contact code referring to experimental data directly measured in real time. The test bench, in fact, allows measurement of specific kinematical quantities and forces that are elaborated by the real-time code in order to produce numerical results for comparison with the experimental ones. This approach can be applied both to the determination of wheel-rail adhesion and to the wear process. The test rig is also equipped with a laser profilometer that allows measurement of the wheel and rail profiles with a very high accuracy.
Three-Dimensional Electroanatomic Mapping Systems in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2009)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia, with a prevalence of 5% in people over the age of 65. Catheter ablation of AF has emerged as an important management choice for drug-refractory symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF. Three-dimensional (3D) electroanatomic mapping systems were introduced into catheter ablation of AF more than a decade ago. The 3D tool has the benefit of reducing the radiation exposure time, as well as voltage and fractionation mapping in order to identify the critical substrate during the ablation, prevent the formation of gaps, guide the ablation of post-ablation atrial tachycardia or flutter, and integrate images to improve the safety and long-term success rate. The 3D systems successfully enable safe and tailored radiofrequency ablation of AF in individual patients. (Circ J 2010; 74: 18 - 23).
The highly selective mGlu <sub>2</sub> receptor positive allosteric modulator LY‐487,379 alleviates <scp>l</scp> ‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in the 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease (2020)

l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but its use over a long period is marred by motors complications such as dyskinesia. We previously demonstrated that selective metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu<sub>2/3</sub> ) receptor activation with LY-354,740 alleviates dyskinesia in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned marmoset and the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat. Here, we sought to determine the role played by selective mGlu<sub>2</sub> activation in the anti-dyskinetic effect of mGlu<sub>2/3</sub> stimulation and have investigated the effect of the highly selective mGlu<sub>2</sub> positive allosteric modulator LY-487,379 at alleviating established, and preventing the development of, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. First, dyskinetic 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were administered l-DOPA in combination with LY-487,379 (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle, and the severity of dyskinesia was determined. Second, 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were administered LY-487,379 (0.1 or 1 mg/kg), started concurrently with l-DOPA, once daily for 22 days, and dyskinesia severity was evaluated weekly for four consecutive weeks. We also assessed the effect of LY-487,379 on l-DOPA anti-parkinsonian effect. We found that acute challenges of LY-487,379 0.1 mg/kg in combination with l-DOPA, significantly diminished dyskinesia severity, by ≈54% (p < .01), when compared to vehicle. Moreover, animals treated with l-DOPA/LY-487,379 0.1 and 1 mg/kg during the dyskinesia induction phase exhibited milder dyskinesia, by ≈74% and ≈61%, respectively (both p < .01), when compared to l-DOPA/vehicle. LY-487,379 did not impair l-DOPA anti-parkinsonian activity. These results suggest that mGlu<sub>2</sub> activation may be an effective and promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate the severity and prevent the development of dyskinesia.
Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (2015)

Ralph Rapley and David Whitehouse Eds., Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (London: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015), ISBN: 978-1849737951
Use of Ribotyping and Hemolysin Activity To Identify Highly Virulent <i>Streptococcus suis</i> Type 2 Isolates (1998)

Nineteen Streptococcus suis type 2 isolates were evaluated for their virulence in pigs and mice. Of these, seven were determined to be highly virulent in pigs on the basis of clinical sign scores and gross pathology and histopathology results. Clinical sign scores correlated with gross pathology and histopathology scores at P equal to 0.004 and P equal to 0.009, respectively. The virulence of highly virulent isolates in pigs compared somewhat with virulence in mice, but the correlation was not significant. No correlation of virulence was noted among the moderately virulent and avirulent isolates in pigs and mice. Chromosomal DNAs from all S. suis isolates were evaluated by PstI, PvuII, EcoRI, and HaeIII restriction enzyme digestion followed by hybridization with a digoxigenin-11-dUTP-labeled cDNA probe transcribed from 16S and 23S rRNAs from Escherichia coli. The hybridization patterns (ribotypes) varied depending upon the enzyme used, but a significant number of isolates determined to be highly virulent in pigs had unique hybridization patterns compared with those of the moderately virulent and avirulent isolates (P = 0.002). In addition, hemolysin activity showed a high correlation to virulence (P = 0.00008) and ribotype (P = 0.002).
Multistep DNA-Templated Synthesis Using a Universal Template (2013)

We report a DNA-templated synthesis method that allows construction of the entire DNA-encoded library with a single DNA template. Taking advantage of deoxyinosine's indiscriminate base-pairing property, we designed a "universal template" that is capable of directing chemical reactions with multiple reactant DNAs with different sequences. In combination with other design features including photocleavable linkers and direct encoding by the reactant DNA, we demonstrated the capabilities of the universal template in library synthesis, target selection, and hit decoding. Our method can be generally and straightforwardly applied to prepare a variety of chemically diverse DNA-encoded libraries.
Analysis of ozone at low concentrations with boric acid buffered potassium iodide (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of ozone at low concentrations with boric acid buffered potassium iodideDaniel L. FlammCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977, 11, 10, 978–983Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60133a006https://doi.org/10.1021/es60133a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
INHIBITION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI BY p-AMINOBENZOIC ACID AND ITS REVERSAL BY p-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (1951)

p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) exerts three metabolic effects on E. coli: it acts as a normal vitamin at low concentrations, as a source of another vitamin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (POB), at moderate concentrations, and as a growth inhibitor at high concentrations (150 to 1600 µg./ml.). The inhibition is competitively reversed by POB in 1/100 the concentration of PABA. The inhibition is also reversed to a limited extent by shikimic acid and compound X, precursors of POB. p-Nitrobenzoic acid is an inhibitory competitor of both POB and PABA. The retardation of growth produced by PABA and other competitive analogues of POB (p-nitrobenzoic acid; 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone; phenosulfazole) is converted to complete bacteriostasis by the addition of L-aspartic acid in a remarkably low concentration (1 µg./ml.)) without change in the competitive ratio with POB. The mechanism underlying this synergism is not clear. In contrast to wild type, mutants that require POB not only are inhibited by much lower concentrations of the above analogues, but also show inhibition by weaker competitors of POB such as p-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide, p-chlorobenzoic acid, and p-fluorobenzoic acid.
Application of a deep learning algorithm for detection and visualization of hip fractures on plain pelvic radiographs (2019)

• Automated detection of hip fractures on frontal pelvic radiographs may facilitate emergent screening and evaluation efforts for primary physicians. • Good visualization of the fracture site by Grad-CAM enables the rapid integration of this tool into the current medical system. • The feasibility and efficiency of utilizing a deep neural network have been confirmed for the screening of hip fractures.
Efficient adaptive list successive cancellation decoder for polar codes (2014)

By keeping a size-L list of intermediate candidates at each decoding step, list successive cancellation (SC) polar decoder successfully achieves better performance compared to the conventional SC polar decoder. However, the size-L list SC decoder will result in linear increase of hardware complexity, which hinders the efficient implementation and therefore the wide application of it. To this end, an efficient adaptive list SC decoder for polar codes is proposed in this paper. Simulation results have demonstrated that for (1024, 512) rate-½ polar code, the proposed adaptive size-2 and size-4 list decoders can achieve 37.6% and 17.0% computational complexity reduction at point SNR = 2.0 dB compared to the conventional ones, respectively. Hardware architecture for the proposed adaptive list decoder is also proposed in detail.
Analysis of average thermal stresses in passivated metal interconnects (1999)

Volume-averaged thermal stresses in passivated metal interconnects on Si substrates are derived for situations where the thickness to width ratio of the interconnect lines is “small” or “large.” The analysis provides different components of volume-averaged stresses for the most general case of thermal and elastic anisotropy in the passivation layer, the interconnect line, and the substrate. It is shown that the theoretical predictions, particularly those for the hydrostatic stresses, are in agreement with detailed finite element calculations for a wide range of line and passivation geometries of practical interest. The theoretical predictions of average hydrostatic stresses are also found to be in reasonable agreement with available experimental results for thermal stresses derived from x-ray diffraction measurements on passivated Cu lines. The present theoretical results are shown to be far more accurate than prior stress analyses for periodic passivated lines based on Eshelby’s theory of inclusions.
Design of SiGe/Si quantum-well optical modulators (2010)

An electro-optic modulator containing a single SiGe/Si quantum-well has been designed for operation at λ₀= 1.55 µm. This single quantum-well modulator has a lower VπLπ than the 3 quantum-well modulator recently designed and optimized by Maine et al. for operation at λ₀= 1.31 µm, for which the VπLπ product was 1.8 V•cm [25]. Both modulators are derived from the detailed design given for their modulator in [40]. This single quantum-well modulator contains a Si₀.₈Ge₀.₂ quantum-well with Non-Intentionally Doped (NID) and P⁺ highly doped layers on either side. With no field applied, holes from the P⁺ layers are captured by and confined in the quantum-well and when a reverse bias is applied holes are released from the quantum well and drift to the P⁺ contact layer. Variations of the hole distribution lead to changes in the free-carrier absorption and the refractive index of each layer and subsequently to phase modulation of guided TE modes. The VπLπ product of the single quantum-well modulator is estimated 1.09 V•cm for low voltage linear modulation and 1.208 V•cm for 0 to 1.6 V digital modulation, whereas the 3 quantum-well modulator gives a VπLπ of 2.039 V•cm for 0 to 6 V digital modulation for operation at λ₀= 1.55 µm. Also, the optical loss in the single quantum-well (5.36 dB/cm at V=0 V) is lower than that of the 3 quantum-well structure (5.75 dB/cm at V=0 V). This single quantum-well modulator should also offer higher frequency operation than the 3 quantum-well modulator.
Biodosimetry Assessment Tool (BAT) Software—Dose Prediction Algorithms (2010)

BAT algorithms are presented and compared to other previously published dose assessment algorithms based on biological indicators (i.e., onset of vomiting, lymphocyte depletion kinetics). These new algorithms are incorporated into a computer-based program that assists responders and medical providers in recording relevant diagnostic information and assessing significant radiation exposures. It promotes early-phase (<10 d) data collection after a radiation exposure incident and provides data templates for entry of diagnostic information using multiparameter indices. It allows for recording of relevant clinical information and summarizes diagnostic information such as estimated multiparameter doses. Data can be printed and archived in accordance with civilian and military guidelines.
Virtual Business Chains in the Internet Environment (2001)

Though virtual business has been used in a great scale in traditional commerce activities, the advert of Internet brings new life to this model. The paper firstly discusses the internal meaning of virtual business; then it points out the effects of the Internet to virtual business: making it much easier to realize in the company; helping internet companies and traditional companies to associate; knocking people to grasp the information trait tightly; drawing more enterprises in the loose and dynamic virtual business chains, and with information as the thread, a new role have been discovered. Consequently, the paper discusses the new model of virtual business in the Internet environment: large virtual business chains, Finally several suggestions are provided to companies: actively taking part in the chains, accordingly adjusting their roles and strategies in the company development, constantly digging their core capabilities, and gradually virtualizing the whole company.
A repeat sequence, GGGTTA, is shared by DNA of human herpesvirus 6 and Marek's disease virus (1988)

Some regions of the genomes of human B-lymphotrophic virus (HBLV), also designated as human herpesvirus 6, and Marek's disease virus were found to hybridize to each other under moderate to stringent conditions, scoring from 10 to 30% base-pair mismatch. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that a 6-base-pair repetitive sequence, GGGTTA (DR2), present in the IRS-IRL junction region of the Marek's disease virus genome, was also reiterated in the HBLV genome. The function(s) of such a sequence is unknown, but this is the first report of homology between HBLV and a nonhuman herpesvirus.
The synthesis and cationic polymerization behavior of ambifunctional monomers (1996)

The synthesis of a novel series of ambifunctional monomers containing cationically polymerizable vinyl and 1-propenyl ether or 1-butenyl ether groups in the same molecule has been carried out. Studies of the onium salt-induced photopolymerizations of these monomers indicate that both functional groups are highly reactive and that they undergo extensive copolymerization. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SOAP3: GPU-based compressed indexing and ultra-fast parallel alignment of short reads (2011)

As the cost efficiency of the next generation DNA sequencing technology keeps improving, there is an ever-increasing demand for high-throughput software to align the enormous number of short reads (patterns) with reference genomes (such as the human genome). In the past few years, a number of very fast alignment software (e.g., Maq, SOAP2, ZOOM, Bowtie, BWA) have been developed; most of them are exploiting some kind of compressed index (like BWT) of the reference sequence. These tools can align at a speed of a few hundred seconds per one million reads. Yet such speed is still behind the throughput of the next generation sequencing machines. In this paper we show the first implementation of a compressed index on the GPU. The technical issues include how to reduce the memory accesses to the index from individual threads (cores) and how to control the branching and divergence of the threads to avoid unnecessary idle time. Based on this new index, we are able to exploit the parallelism of GPU to speed up the alignment of short reads. Our experiments show that with respect to the human genome, the GPU takes only a few seconds to perform exact alignment of one million length-100 reads, and tens of seconds when a few mismatches are required. Further improvement has been obtained by utilizing the host CPU to share the load of the GPU concurrently. 1
Error Propogation from Camera Motion to Epipolar Constraint (2000)

This work investigates the propagation of errors from the camera motion to the epipolar constraint. A relation between the perturbation of the motion parameters and the error in the epipolar constraint is derived. Based on this relation, the sensitivity of the motion parameters to the epipolar constraint is characterised, and a constraint on the allowed perturbation in a motion parameter in response to a threshold for the produced error in the epipolar constraint is determined. The presented error propagation model is useful to vision systems such as a mobile robot where the camera motion is provided by an odometry sensor. Experimental results on real images are presented.
Gastric Lymphoma (1971)

Gastroscopic and histological findings in 13 patients with primary and secondary gastric lymphoma are described. Scopic biopsy proved the diagnosis in about 70 per cent. For differential diagnosis the importance of pseudolymphoma is stressed.
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF THE PAST TWO YEARS (1941)

Probably the most interesting articles on laryngeal tuberculosis that have been published during the last two years are reports of studies on the manner of invasion of the larynx and of detailed investigations of tuberculous pathologic changes that are peculiar to the larynx. Concerning the first of these subjects, there is general agreement that hematogenous infection of the larynx is possible, but its relative frequency is still a matter of dispute. In miliary tuberculosis the larynx may be involved as well as other organs, but the rarity of primary involvement of the larynx argues against the common occurrence of an infection of hematogenous origin. Some authors, however, find it hard to explain laryngeal involvement in patients whose sputum is free from tubercle bacilli, and some state further that when the larynx of a patient with a generalized pulmonary lesion shows diffuse involvement of the arytenoids, epiglottis and other areas near