gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic Ethanol Exposure Potentiates NMDA Excitotoxicity in Cerebral Cortical Neurons (1993)

The effect of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on excitotoxicity in cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons was examined. Neuronal death was quantitated by measuring the accumulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture media 20 h after exposure to NMDA. Addition of NMDA (25-100 microM) to the culture dishes for 25 min in Mg(2+)-free buffer resulted in a dose-dependent increase in LDH accumulation. Phase-contrast microscopy revealed obvious signs of cellular injury as evidenced by granulation and disintegration of cell bodies and neuritic processes. Chronic exposure of neuronal cultures to ethanol (100 mM) for 96 h followed by its removal before NMDA exposure, significantly increased NMDA-stimulated LDH release by 36 and 22% in response to 25 microM and 50 microM NMDA, respectively. Neither basal LDH release nor that in response to maximal NMDA (100 microM) stimulation was altered by chronic alcohol exposure. In contrast to the effects of chronic ethanol on NMDA neurotoxicity, inclusion of ethanol (100 mM) only during the NMDA exposure period significantly reduced LDH release by approximately 50% in both control and chronically treated dishes. This reduction by acute ethanol was also observed under phase-contrast microscopy as a lack of development of granulation and a sparing of disintegration of neuritic processes. These results indicate that chronic exposure of ethanol to cerebral cortical neurons in culture can sensitize neurons to excitotoxic NMDA receptor activation.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) Sensitize Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> to Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, and Minocycline on a Strain Specific Basis (2018)

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) possess antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Group B Streptococcus (GBS). HMOs were screened for their ability to potentiate antibiotic activity. We observed that HMOs potentiate the function of aminoglycosides, lincosamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines on a strain specific basis but not β-lactams or glycopeptides that inhibit cell wall synthesis. These findings are notable as GBS has evolved high levels of resistance toward aminoglycosides, macrolides, and tetracyclines. Finally, HMOs potentiate the function of aminoglycosides against both Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesized that HMOs act by increasing membrane permeability. This hypothesis was evaluated using a bacterial membrane permeability assay which revealed that HMOs increase membrane permeability toward propidium iodide.
Estimating the extent of horizontal gene transfer in metagenomic sequences (2008)

The computational approaches that are used to find possible HGT events in complete genomes can be adapted to work with metagenomic samples, where a level of high performance is shown in different metagenomic samples. The percentage of possible HGT events that were observed is close to that found for complete genomes, and different microbiomes show diverse ratios of putative HGT events. This is probably related with both environmental factors and the composition in the species of each particular community.
Efficacy of Dicarboximide Fungicides and Fungicide Combinations for Control of Botrytis Leaf Blight of Onion in New York (1990)

(...) Excellent disease control was obtained by mixing iprodione (0.56 kg/ha) and chlorothalonil (0.58-0.87 kg/ha) with either maneb+zinc (2.69 kg/ha) or mancozeb (1.79 kg/ha). Use of these mixtures would improve the cost-effectiveness of iprodione and vinclozolin and reduce the potential for development of Botrytis squamosa populations resistant to these fungicides
An Endophytic Fungus from <i>Nothapodytes </i><i>f</i><i>oetida </i>that Produces Camptothecin (2005)

A fungal endophytic isolate, camptothecin, has been isolated from the inner bark of the plant Nothapodytes foetidafrom the Western coast of India. The fungus, which belongs to the family Phycomycetes, produced the anticancer drug lead compound camptothecin (1) when grown in a synthetic liquid medium (Sabouraud broth) under shake flask and bench scale fermentation conditions. Compound 1 was identified by means of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. It was also compared with an authentic example for its biological activity against a number of human cancer cell lines. Isolation of an organism producing 1 and its fermentation may, in the future, provide an easily accessible source for the production of this anticancer drug precursor molecule.
Encyclopedia of Marine Natural Products (2014)

VOLUME 1: GENERAL ASPECTS, MICROORGANISMS, ALGAE, AND FUNGI PART 1 GENERAL ASPECTS AND DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES Systems of Classification of Living Organisms: Great Steps in Chemical and Biological Evolution General Information on the Marine Environment Chemistry of Marine Natural Products: Originality, Diversity, Distribution Basic Marine Pharmacology Documentary Resources PART 2 ARCHAEA (ARCHAEBACTERIA) AND EUBACTERIA Archaea Eubacteria 1 Eubacteria 2 PART 3 PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms) Chrysophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Haptophyceae Dinophyceae (Dinoflagellates) Chlorophyceae (Green Algae) and Marine Spermatophyta Rhodophyceae (Red Algae) Phaeophyceae (Brown Algae) Major Uses of Macroalgae PART 4 FUNGI AND OTHER UNICELLULAR NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES Fungi Thraustochytrids and Ciliates Introduction to Marine Biotechnology VOLUME 2: PORIFERA, CNIDARIA, AND CTENOPHORA PART 5 DIPLOBLASTIC ORGANISMS: PORIFERA, CNIDARIA, CTENOPHORA Porifera (Sponges) Cnidaria and Ctenophora VOLUME3: PROTOSTOMES AND DEUTEROSTOMES PART 6 PROTOSTOMES Worm-like Organisms 1 Bryozoans, Phoronida, Brachiopoda Mollusks Arthropoda Introduction to chemical ecology PART 7 DEUTEROSTOMES Echinodermata Worm-like Organisms 2: Chaetognatha, Hemichordata (Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia) Ascidians (Tunicates) Vertebrates: Fish, Reptiles, and Mammals
Improvement of the nasal airflow by the nasal dilator Nozovent. (1988)

The lateral wall of the nostril is considered as the functional unit in the regulation of the nasal resistance causing more than half of the total resistance. In 16 test-subjects both nostrils were dilated with a plastic nasal device, Nozovent, and the airflow through the nose was measured with and without the device. In each object the mean value of ten inspirations at 150 Pa was calculated. Before the application the mean value of the subjects was 0.68 l/sec and with the device 0.84 l/sec. The improvement of airflow was comparable with that of treatment with nose-drops. The device ought to be helpful in patients with or without collapsing ala nasi during the night to increase nasal airflow when sleeping.
Quality Control of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Using Isoelectric Focusing Affinity Immunoblot Analysis (1987)

Quality control of murine hybridoma secretory products was performed using two variations of the isoelectric focusing affinity immunoblot analysis. The first approach employed antigen-coated nitrocellulose placed on top of an acrylamide gel containing isoelectrically focused ascites to bind antigen specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb). Murine antibody bound to the insolubilized antigen was then detected with enzyme-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. In a second variation, focused ascites proteins were passively blotted onto nitro-cellulose and specific monoclonal antibody was detected with enzyme-conjugated antigen. Several batches of ascites containing anti-human IgG antibodies that were produced by 6 hybridomas over a 1-3 year period were assessed by IEF-affinity immunoblot analysis. Both immunoblot approaches permitted effective monitoring of immunoreactive antibody for pI microheterogeneity. IEF-affinity immunoblot patterns of unprocessed ascites displayed specific MoAb banding patterns with narrow pI ranges (less than or equal to 0.6 pH units), in contrast to the reported 5.5-8.0 pI range of polyclonal mouse IgG. Banding patterns obtained in the IEF affinity immunoblot typically displayed 3-5 major dense bands flanked by 2-4 minor fainter bands. Batches of ascites obtained years apart produced similar immunoblot patterns, indicating constant antibody production and confirming the stability of these hybridoma clones. Minor bands appeared in 2 earlier lots of ascites, suggesting possible modification of antibody during storage. IEF affinity immunoblot analysis is a useful tool for monitoring MoAb pI microheterogeneity as an indicator of antibody quality without the need for isolation of monoclonal antibody from culture medium or ascites.
Defining remission in psoriatic arthritis. (2007)

Driven in part by the introduction of highly effective agents, there has been growing interest in the overall therapeutic approach to patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). As with any form of arthritis, the goal of treatment for PsA would be to improve the outcome to the greatest extent possible. In other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, recent discussions have centered on how best to define "remission." For patients with PsA, the heterogeneity among disease manifestations as well as the need to validate outcome measures make definition of remission challenging. In this paper we present a number of key principles and considerations critical to laying the groundwork for defining remission in PsA.
Rectal epithelial cell proliferation patterns as predictors of adenomatous colorectal polyp recurrence. (1993)

To determine whether proliferative patterns in flat rectal mucosal samples can predict the recurrence of adenomatous colorectal polyps, after polypectomy, biopsy specimens from normal looking rectal mucosa were obtained at endoscopy from 55 patients diagnosed for the first time as having adenomatous colorectal polyps. Epithelial cell proliferation was assessed in biopsy specimens through 3H-thymidine autoradiography. After polypectomy, patients were followed for 24 months and underwent complete colonoscopy every 6 months to detect and remove any metachronous lesions. In 40 patients second biopsy specimens were taken during one of the follow up colonoscopies to evaluate the stability of proliferative indices over time. The ratio of labelled (S phase) to total cells (labelling index) for the entire crypt, as well as ratios for each of the five equal compartments into which the crypt had been divided longitudinally, was calculated for each patient. Mean labelling indices for upper crypt compartments 3 and 4 + 5 in the 22 patients in whom polyps recurred were significantly higher (respectively p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) than those of the 33 without recurrence suggesting that an upward shift of the crypt's replicative compartment is associated with polyp recurrence. Labelling indices remained essentially unchanged in those patients who underwent biopsy twice. Reproducible kinetic parameters such as these might be useful in planning follow up of patients with adenomatous polyps after polypectomy.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole-bonded silica gel as selective adsorbent for preconcentration of gold, platinum and palladium prior to their simultaneous inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric determination (1998)

A 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-bonded silica gel chelating adsorbent(MBTSG) was synthesised by the Mannich reaction between 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and aminopropyl silica gel, and its adsorption characteristics were studied in detail. AuIII, PtIV and PdII can be quantitatively adsorbed by the adsorbent from aqueous solution at pH≤5.0 and CH+≤6 M. The adsorption capacities of AuIII, PtIV and PdII were >4.5, >6.5 and >18 mg per gram of dry MBTSG, respectively. The adsorbed metal ions can be readily desorbed with 3% thiourea in 3 M HCl solution. Other metal ions caused little interference in the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of AuIII, PtIV and PdII by ICP-OES. Concentrations of 2 ppb of Au, Pt and Pd can be determined reliably with a preconcentration factor of 250.
Acid rain and the Clean Air Act (1990)

This article focuses on acid rain and discusses some background information, the existing Clean Air Act, and the key provisions of the president's proposal to amend the Clean Air Act. The discussion of the proposal includes the size and timing of reductions, the affected sources, and the various approaches and technologies likely to be used to achieve the emission reductions.
Antigen-specificity of antibodies bound to glomeruli of mice with systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndromes. (1993)

In these two models of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis not only antibodies to DNA and histones, but also antibodies to laminin are involved in the induction of murine systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis. The latter antibody specificity has not been identified before in renal or glomerular eluates obtained from diseased MRL/l mice.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Epigenetics: Is CTCF PARt of the Plot? (2004)

Despite the fact that the poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) modification of proteins has been known for more than four decades, there is no unifying picture of the pathways governed by this process. While the function of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARlation) has shown to be traditionally associated with DNA repair and genotoxic stress, there is an emerging view that PARlation is also important in epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression in the normal context. This view has been exemplified by the recent demonstration that PARlation is essential for the manifestation of the imprinted state of the Igf2 gene. In particular, the PARlation mark was shown to associate preferentially with the maternally inherited H19 ICR allele, this association depended on functional target sites of the chromatin insulator protein CTCF and, importantly, CTCF itself was found to be PARlated. Given that CTCF is currently the only known factor common for all vertebrate chromatin insulators, it is not surprising that the derepression of the maternal Igf2 allele by 3-aminobenzamide (an inhibitor of PAR polymerases) could be linked to a perturbed chromatin insulator function at the H19 ICR. This feature appears to extend to more than 150 chromatin insulators that were isolated due to their in vivo interaction with CTCF. In this review, we discuss in more depth these results and point out that the turnover of the PARlation mark at DNA-bound CTCF is indicative of a novel mode of rheostat control of expression domains possibly by regulating the stability of higher order chromatin conformations.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Attachment to HeLa CD4 Cells Is CD4 Independent and gp120 Dependent and Requires Cell Surface Heparans (1998)

The binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (Hx10) virions to two different cell lines was analyzed by using a novel assay based on the detection, by anti-HLA-DR-specific antibodies, of HLA-DR+ virus binding to HLA-DR- cells. Virion attachment to the CD4+-T-cell line A3.01 was highly CD4 dependent in that it was potently inhibited by CD4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and little virus binding to the CD4- sister A2.01 line was observed. By contrast, virion binding to HeLa cells expressing moderate or high levels of CD4 was equivalent to, or lower than, binding to wild-type CD4- HeLa cells. Moreover, several CD4 MAbs did not reduce, but enhanced, HIV-1 attachment to HeLa-CD4 cells. CD4 was required for infection of HeLa cells, however, demonstrating a postattachment role for this receptor. MAbs specific for the V2 and V3 loops and the CD4i epitope of gp120 strongly inhibited virion binding to HeLa-CD4 cells, whereas MAbs specific for the CD4bs and the 2G12 epitopes enhanced attachment. Despite this, all gp120- and gp41-specific MAbs tested neutralized infectivity on HeLa-CD4 cells. HIV-1 attachment to HeLa cells was only partially inhibited by MAbs specific for adhesion molecules present on the virus or target cells but was completely blocked by polyanions such as heparin, dextran sulfate, and pentosan sulfate. Treatment of HeLa-CD4 cells with heparinases completely eliminated HIV attachment and infection, strongly implicating cell surface heparans in the attachment process. CD4 dependence for HIV-1 attachment to target cells is thus highly cell line specific and may be replaced by other ligand-receptor interactions.
<title>Beam quality characterization and times-diffraction-limit estimation of two high-power excimer lasers</title> (1996)

Based on the results obtained from two high peak power excimer lasers developed in the ENEA Research Centre of Frascati, equipped with different hard-edge unstable resonators, a comparison is made between the widely used M<SUP>2</SUP> beam quality parameter and a newly defined 'times- diffraction-limit' (TDL) factor, pointing out the different meaning of the two coefficients, the respective limitations, and their range of applicability. A simple setup for the beam pointing stability estimation is also proposed.
Novel supervisory channel for fibre optic transmission systems (1980)

The provision of a supervisory/service channel on digital transmission systems by direct modulation of the transmitted data bit rate is described. The technique is examined in the context of high bit rate fibre optic system applications and both theoretical as well as practical results are presented.
Risk, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Thrombosis Associated With Pediatric Cardiac Surgery (2011)

Thrombosis affects a high proportion of children undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with suboptimal outcomes. Increased awareness and effective prevention and detection strategies are needed.
Tolerance and pharmacokinetics of propacetamol, a paracetamol formulation for intravenous use (1992)

In 12 healthy volunteers, paracetamol pharmacokinetics were compared following administration of 1 g propacetamol HCl given intravenously over a 15-min period and 500 mg paracetamol given orally. Mean +/- SD total AUC (microgram/ml.h) following the iv formulation was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than following oral paracetamol (25.53 +/- 4.27 vs 21.04 +/- 4.49) corresponding to a mean oral bioavailability of paracetamol of 82.2 +/- 9.4%. Between 1 and 2 h after administration, paracetamol plasma concentrations became very similar following both formulations. In another study, 2 g propacetamol HCl was given both as a 15-min infusion and as a 2-min bolus injection to six healthy volunteers. Contrary to mild to moderate local discomfort experienced during the 2-min bolus injection, the 15-min infusion was well tolerated without any complaints reported.
Application-Driven Voltage-Island Partitioning for Low-Power System-on-Chip Design (2009)

Among the different methods of reducing power for core-based system-on-chip (SoC) designs, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">voltage-island</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">technique</i> has gained in popularity. Assigning cores to the different supply voltages and floorplanning to create contiguous voltage islands are two important steps in the design process. We propose a new application-driven approach to voltage partitioning and island creation with the objective of reducing overall SoC power, area, and floorplanner runtime. Given an application power-state machine (PSM), we first identify the suitable range of supply voltages for each core. Then, we generate the discrete voltage assignment table using a heuristic technique. Next, we describe a methodology of reducing the large number of available choices from the voltage assignment table down to a useful set using the application PSM. We partition the cores into islands, using a cost function that gradually shifts from a power-based assignment to a connectivity-based one. Compared with previously reported techniques, a 9.4% reduction in power and 8.7% reduction in area are achieved using our approach, with an average runtime improvement of 2.4 times.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Tendon Injury in The Finger (1995)

Accurate assessment of flexor tendon function in a digit with an acute, non-penetrating injury is difficult. MR imaging can negate the need for surgical exploration and the associated morbidity.
Breaking the coherence barrier: asymptotic incoherence and asymptotic sparsity in compressed sensing (2013)

In this paper we bridge the substantial gap between existing compressed sensing theory and its current use in real-world applications. 1 We do so by introducing a new mathematical framework for overcoming the so-called coherence
Area distributed soldering of flexible and rigid printed circuit boards (1990)

A design process which was developed to facilitate area-distributed soldering of a flexible printed circuit to a circuit pack in an inspectable and repairable manner is described. In the design, solder joints are formed between surface-mount pads on a rigid printed-circuit board and plated through holes on a flexible printed circuit. The joints are formed by heating both the flexible printed circuit and the printed circuit board to reflow temperatures and then allowing solder that has been deposited on the surface mount pads to rise through the plated through holes. Because solder rises up through the plated through holes to the exterior surface of the flexible printed circuit, spherical solder caps are clearly visible and inspectable. Solder joints are also easily repaired since the flexible printed circuit can be reheated to reflow one or all of the solder joints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ion-Induced Stabilization of the G-DNA Quadruplex: Free Energy Perturbation Studies (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-Induced Stabilization of the G-DNA Quadruplex: Free Energy Perturbation StudiesWilson S. Ross and Charles C. HardinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 14, 6070–6080Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00093a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views632Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Flutter of Darrieus wind turbine blades (1978)

The testing of Darrieus wind turbines has indicated that under certain conditions, serious vibrations of the blades can occur, involving flatwise bending, torsion, and chordwise bending. A theoretical method of predicting the aeroelastic stability of the coupled bending and torsional motion of such blades with a view to determining the cause of these vibrations, and a means of suppressing them was developed.