gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial-Temporal Graph ODE Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting (2021)

Spatial-temporal forecasting has attracted tremendous attention in a wide range of applications, and traffic flow prediction is a canonical and typical example. The complex and long-range spatial-temporal correlations of traffic flow bring it to a most intractable challenge. Existing works typically utilize shallow graph convolution networks (GNNs) and temporal extracting modules to model spatial and temporal dependencies respectively. However, the representation ability of such models is limited due to: (1) shallow GNNs are incapable to capture long-range spatial correlations, (2) only spatial connections are considered and a mass of semantic connections are ignored, which are of great importance for a comprehensive understanding of traffic networks. To this end, we propose Spatial-Temporal Graph Ordinary Differential Equation Networks (STGODE).1 Specifically, we capture spatial-temporal dynamics through a tensor-based ordinary differential equation (ODE), as a result, deeper networks can be constructed and spatial-temporal features are utilized synchronously. To understand the network more comprehensively, semantical adjacency matrix is considered in our model, and a well-design temporal dialated convolution structure is used to capture long term temporal dependencies. We evaluate our model on multiple real-world traffic datasets and superior performance is achieved over state-of-the-art baselines.
MetaRing-a full-duplex ring with fairness and spatial reuse (1993)

The design principles of a ring network with spatial bandwidth reuse are described. A distributed fairness mechanism for this architecture, which uses low latency hardware control signals, is presented. The basic fairness mechanism can be extended for implementing multiple priority levels and integration of asynchronous with synchronous traffic. The ring is full-duplex and has two basic modes of operation: buffer insertion mode for variable-size packets and slotted mode for fixed-size packets or cells. Concurrent access and spatial reuse allow simultaneous transmissions over disjoint segments of a bidirectional ring and can increase the effective throughput by a factor of four or more. The combination of a full-duplex ring, spatial reuse, a reliable fairness mechanism, and the exploitation of advent in fiber-optic technology are the basis for the MetaRing network architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Local Immunity and Persistence of Virus in the Tracheas of Chickens Following Infection with Newcastle Disease Virus. I. Organ Culture Studies (1970)

Journal Article Local Immunity and Persistence of Virus in the Tracheas of Chickens Following Infection with Newcastle Disease Virus. I. Organ Culture Studies Get access Werner P. Heuschele, Werner P. Heuschele From the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernard C. Easterday Bernard C. Easterday From the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 121, Issue 5, May 1970, Pages 486–496, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/121.5.486 Published: 01 May 1970 Article history Received: 06 November 1969 Revision received: 16 January 1970 Published: 01 May 1970
Ueber einige Methyl‐ und Benzylselenverbindungen (1875)

Die nachstehende hbhandlung enthalt die genauere Beschreibung einiger Versuche iiber Selenverbindungen, welche ich im Laufe des vcrtlosseaen Jahres
A virtual bus architecture for dynamic parallel processing (1993)

To support parallel processing of data-intensive applications, the interconnection network of a parallel/distributed machine must provide high end-to-end communication bandwidth and handle the bursty and concentrated communication patterns generated by dynamic load balancing and data collection operations. A large-scale interconnection network architecture called a virtual bus is proposed. The virtual bus can scale to terabits-per-second end-to-end communication bandwidth with low queuing delay for nonuniform traffic. A terabit virtual bus architecture can be efficiently implemented for less than 5% of the total cost of an eight-thousand-node system. In addition, the virtual bus has an open system parallel interface that is flexible enough to support up to gigabytes per second data transfer rates, different grades of services, and broadcast operation. Such flexibility makes the virtual bus a plausible open system communication backbone for a broad range of applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deep Learning with S-Shaped Rectified Linear Activation Units (2016)

Rectified linear activation units are important components for state-of-the-art deep convolutional networks. In this paper, we propose a novel S-shaped rectifiedlinear activation unit (SReLU) to learn both convexand non-convex functions, imitating the multiple function forms given by the two fundamental laws, namely the Webner-Fechner law and the Stevens law, in psychophysics and neural sciences. Specifically, SReLU consists of three piecewise linear functions, which are formulated by four learnable parameters. The SReLU is learned jointly with the training of the whole deep network through back propagation. During the training phase, to initialize SReLU in different layers, we propose a “freezing” method to degenerate SReLU into a predefined leaky rectified linear unit in the initial several training epochs and then adaptively learn the good initial values. SReLU can be universally used in the existing deep networks with negligible additional parameters and computation cost. Experiments with two popular CNN architectures, Network in Network and GoogLeNet on scale-various benchmarks including CIFAR10, CIFAR100, MNIST and ImageNet demonstrate that SReLU achieves remarkable improvement compared to other activation functions.
The formation of hydroxyapatite‐gelatin composites at 38°C (1994)

Composites comprised of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CA/P = 1.5) and gelatin form in about 4 h at 38 degrees C. The solid reactants used are CaHPO4 and Ca4(PO4)2O and the liquid reactant is gelatin solution. The reaction forming hydroxyapatite occurs in several steps. Based on the measurement of heat liberation, there is an initial period where the reaction rate is low. This is followed by a period of constant reaction until the reaction is complete. Analysis of the variation in pH shows that hydroxyapatite formation occurs at a steady state pH near 8.2. Analyses of the evolution of crystalline phases indicates that Ca4(PO4)2O is consumed prior to complete reaction resulting in a phase assemblage of hydroxyapatite (CA/P > 1.5) and CaHPO4. Further reaction results in compositional adjustments in hydroxyapatite as CaHPO4 is consumed. Microstructurally, the composites which form consist of clusters of hydroxyapatite embedded in a gelatin network. The presence of gelatin does not influence the morphology of the hydroxyapatite which forms nor does it retard its rate of formation.
Endothelial injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats: Effects on brain blood flow (1994)

The results indicate a direct correlation between changes in LCBF and the structural integrity of endothelial cells in the early stages following SAH. The lack of chronically depressed LCBF (after 1 day) may be related to the quick structural repair of endothelium.
THE PURIFICATION AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF <i>PSEUDOMONAS</i> CYTOCHROME <i>C</i>-551 (1963)

Research Article| November 01 1963 THE PURIFICATION AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF PSEUDOMONAS CYTOCHROME C-551 RP AMBLER RP AMBLER Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1963 The Biochemical Society1963 Biochem J (1963) 89 (2): 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0890341 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation RP AMBLER; THE PURIFICATION AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF PSEUDOMONAS CYTOCHROME C-551. Biochem J 1 November 1963; 89 (2): 341–349. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0890341 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1963 The Biochemical Society1963 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity effect in undoped barium titanate ceramics (1994)

A distinct positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) effect has been observed in undoped barium titanate ceramics sintered in the temperature range 1300–1400 °C in air. Although undoped barium titanate is normally insulating and ferroelectric at room temperature, it has been found that semiconducting barium titanate ceramics with a distinct PTCR effect could be produced by sintering high-purity, highly sinterable barium titanate powders in air. The resulting semiconducting barium titanate ceramics, with a relative sintered density of about 98%, had a core-shell structure with a semiconducting phase inside and an insulating phase outside. The outer insulating part had a microstructure consisting of rather small grains with an average grain size of less than 10 μm, while the inner semiconducting part had a large-grained microstructure with an average grain size of around 50 μm.
Answering Comparison Questions in SHAKEN: A Progress Report (2002)

Abstract : An important class of questions for knowledge based systems concern comparisons, such as How is X like Y? and How are X and Y different? This paper describes how we have used a cognitive simulation of analogical processing to answer such questions, to support domain experts in entering new knowledge. We outline techniques for case construction and summarization of comparison results that have been developed and refined based on an independent formative evaluation. In addition to these techniques, we discuss the role of the comparison system in SHAKEN, the larger system in which they are embedded, and our plans for further improvements.
Longitudinal evaluation of both morphologic and functional changes in the same individuals with Alzheimer's disease. (2002)

These results indicate a distinct discordance between morphologic and functional changes in a longitudinal study of AD. Functional changes may be caused partly by remote effects from the morphologically involved areas with decreased connectivity and partly by a compensatory response by neuronal plasticity.
Simulation study and instability of adaptive control (2001)

The Minimum-degree Pole Placement algorithm for Self-tuning Regulator design and the Recursive Least-square method and the projection algorithm for plant estimation are studied first in this thesis. Simulation studies for the estimator and controller algorithms are mainly undertaken after describing how to use MATLAB S-function in detail. Not only do Simulation experiments illustrates how and how well the MDPP and RLS algorithms work, but also show how to write and debug MATLAB codes for S-function programs. The robustness of the adaptive control system is intensively discussed subsequently. By using an estimator resistant to the noise contamination, the adaptive control system can not be destablized by the introduced noise at the input of the plant or the estimator. However, the adaptive control system is subject to the unmodeled dynamics that have a magnitude response like an impulse at the crossover frequency of the system. Simulation results also show that a classic feedback controller has a better performance, compared with the adaptive controller.
Well stimulation in the North Sea (1973)

A survey of the well stimulation techniques applied in the past 6 yr in the gas wells of the southern North Sea basin indicates that fracturing is more effective in lower permeability wells and matrix acidizing in wells with better permeability. Wells in the indefatigable and Leman fields (Rotliegendes) required treatment only for formation damage removal, in the West Sole (Rotliegendes) field they required fracture stimulation, and in the Hewett (Bunter and Hewett sandstone) and Viking (Rotliegendes) fields they achieved optimum production without stimulation or treatment. Wells of higher permeability generally showed high formation damage following initial completion. The majority of the matrix acidizing treatments used an acid formulation of 85 vol percent of 15 percent HCl and 3 percent HF, plus 15 vol percent of isopropyl alcohol. Perforation ball sealers with a 1.1 specific gravity were distributed throughout the acid to distribute it over the entire perforated intervals. Pump rates varied from 8 to 22 rpm, depending on the thickness of the perforated interval. The effect of each treatment was then evaluated by acid response coefficient (ARC) curves. Fracture treatments were applied to 27 wells, all in the Rotliegendes formation. Selection of the fracturing fluids depended on the availability,more » friction-loss properties, carrying capacity, leakoff rate, and compatibility with the reservoir formation. Proppants used included sand, walnut shells, glass beads, and their combination. Results of each stimulation treatment were evaluated by considering each well's pre-frac, immediate post-frac, and recent performance.« less
Radioimmunoassay for detection of the snow mountain agent of viral gastroenteritis (1986)

The Snow Mountain Agent (SMA) is a Norwalk-like viral agent of acute gastroenteritis that has been detected only by immune electron microscopy (IEM). We established a solid phase microtiter radioimmunoassay (RIA) for SMA antigen employing pre-and post-challenge sera from volunteer studies as capture antibodies. SMA was detected in 12 of 67 stool samples from volunteers who were ill after oral challenge with SMA. All samples in which virus particles were detected by IEM were positive by RIA, but the RIA was 10-80 times more sensitive than IEM. To detect serum antibody to SMA, a blocking test was developed, employing diarrheal stool containing SMA as a standard source of antigen. Serum antibody rises were detected in eight out of nine volunteers with experimentally induced illness following challenge with SMA, as well as in three out of three naturally occurring cases. A preliminary sero-epidemiologic survey suggested that infection with SMA was common in the population surveyed. This RIA should permit large scale seroepidemiologic studies of SMA to be carried out, and should also facilitate characterization of this agent.
The Effect of Oxide Thickness on Threshold Voltage of Boron Ion Implanted MOSFET (1973)

An einem Metall/Oxid/Halbleiter-Feldeffekttransistor (MOSFET) wird der Einflus der Oxiddicke (SiOQ) auf die durch B-Ionenimplantation erzeugte Verschiebung der Schwellenspannung VT gemessen.
Efficient Resource Sharing Through GPU Virtualization on Accelerated High Performance Computing Systems (2015)

The High Performance Computing (HPC) field is witnessing a widespread adoption of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) as co-processors for conventional homogeneous clusters. The adoption of prevalent Single- Program Multiple-Data (SPMD) programming paradigm for GPU-based parallel processing brings in the challenge of resource underutilization, with the asymmetrical processor/co-processor distribution. In other words, under SPMD, balanced CPU/GPU distribution is required to ensure full resource utilization. In this paper, we propose a GPU resource virtualization approach to allow underutilized microprocessors to effi- ciently share the GPUs. We propose an efficient GPU sharing scenario achieved through GPU virtualization and analyze the performance potentials through execution models. We further present the implementation details of the virtualization infrastructure, followed by the experimental analyses. The results demonstrate considerable performance gains with GPU virtualization. Furthermore, the proposed solution enables full utilization of asymmetrical resources, through efficient GPU sharing among microprocessors, while incurring low overhead due to the added virtualization layer.
Effects of complete and incomplete tumor promoters on hair growth, angiogenesis, and tenascin expression in the skin of NMRI mice (1994)

Although the phorbol esters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate (RPA) are almost equipotent inducers of an inflammatory and hyperplastic response in NMRI mouse skin, TPA acts as a converting or complete and RPA as a non-converting or incomplete skin tumor promoter. Bearing in mind the converting effect of skin wounding and TGF beta, we have addressed the question of a relationship between conversion and stromal events. For this purpose we have compared the effects of TPA and RPA on dermal angiogenesis, hair regrowth and the expression of tenascin in NMRI mouse skin in vivo. In the reticular part of the dermis, shaving alone induced angiogenesis peaking at day 14, concomitant with hair regrowth. While TPA exhibited a stimulatory effect on both parameters, RPA suppressed shaving-induced angiogenesis and delayed the onset of hair regrowth. Whether this difference in the phorbol ester effects being consistent with the working hypothesis is critical for conversion, remains to be shown. In the papillary dermis, however, RPA was more potent than TPA in inducing vascularization and tenascin expression. The kinetics of both responses corresponded to the time course of hyperproliferation induced by the phorbol esters in the overlaying epidermis, i.e. may be related to promotion proper, rather than conversion.
Digital separation of diaminobenzidine-stained tissues via an automatic color-filtering for immunohistochemical quantification (2015)

The digital separation of diaminobenzidine (DAB)-stained tissues from hematoxylin background is an important pre-processing step to analyze immunostains. In most stain separation methods, specific color channels (for example: RGB, HSI, CMYK) or color deconvolution matrices are used to obtain different tissue contrasts between DAB- and hematoxylin-stained areas. However, these methods could produce incomplete separation or color changes because the color spectra of stains and co-localized stains overlap in histological images. Therefore, we proposed an automatic color-filtering to separate hematoxylin- and DAB-stained tissues. In implantation, the RGB images of DAB-labeled immunostains are first converted to 8-bit BN images by a mathematical translation to produce the largest contrast between brown DAB-stained tissues and blue hematoxylin-stained tissues. The first valley in the histogram revised by nonuniform quantization is set as the cut-off point to obtain a brown filter. DAB-stained tissues are accurately delineated from the background counterstain, resulting in DAB-only-image and De-DAB-image. Subsequently, a blue filter is designed in the CIE-Lab color space to further delineate the hematoxylin-stained tissues from the De-DAB-image. Finally, the average values of the remaining pixels of the De-DAB-image are set as the background color of the DAB-only-image to manage uneven dyeing and provide DAB-stained-image for adaptive immunohistochemistry quantitation. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method has significant advantages compared with existing methods in terms of complete stain separation without changing the color in DAB-stained areas.
Fabrication Process of Fine Electrodes Using Shadow Mask Evaporation and Tip-Induced Local Oxidation (2002)

We report on a simple process for fabricating fine electrodes by using shadow mask evaporation and tip-induced local oxidation. A set of electrodes for four-term resistance measurement has been fabricated. The gap width between the fine electrode was 150 nm and the roughness of the electrode surface was less than 0.5 nm. We were able to use the electrodes to measure the conductivity of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT).
Treatment of human astrocytoma U87 cells with silicon dioxide nanoparticles lowers their survival and alters their expression of mitochondrial and cell signaling proteins (2010)

Recent evidence suggests silicon dioxide micro- and nanoparticles induce cytotoxic effects on lung cells. Thus, there is an increasing concern regarding their potential health hazard. Nevertheless, the putative toxicity of nanoparticles in mammalian cells has not yet been systematically investigated. We previously noted that several metallic oxide nanoparticles exert differential cytotoxic effects on human neural and nonneural cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that silicon dioxide nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity in U87 cells by lowering their survival by decreasing cell survival signaling and disturbing mitochondrial function. To investigate this hypothesis, we determined the activities of the key mitochondrial enzymes, citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase, in astrocytoma U87 cells treated with silicon dioxide nanoparticles. In addition, we studied the expression of the mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins, cytochrome C oxidase II and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) dehydrogenase subunit 6, and cell signaling pathway protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated ERK in treated U87 cells. The activated form of ERK controls cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. In parallel, we determined survival of U87 cells after treating them with various concentrations of silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Our results indicated that treatment with silicon dioxide nanoparticles induced decreases in U87 cell survival in a dose-related manner. The activities of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase in treated U87 cells were increased, possibly due to an energetic compensation in surviving cells. However, the expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded cytochrome C oxidase subunit II and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 and the cell signaling protein ERK and phosphorylated ERK were altered in the treated U87 cells, suggesting that silicon dioxide nanoparticles induced disruption of mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein expression, leading to decreased mitochondrial energy production and decreased cell survival/proliferation signaling. Thus, our results strongly suggest that the cytotoxicity of silicon dioxide nanoparticles in human neural cells implicates altered mitochondrial function and cell survival/proliferation signaling.
Surface Precision of Inflatable Membrane Reflectors (1998)

Space-based inflatable technology is of current interest to NASA and DOD, and in particular to the Air Force and Phillips Laboratory. Potentially large gains in lowering launch costs, through reductions in structure mass and volume, are driving this activity. Diverse groups are researching and developing this technology for radio and radar antennae, optical telescopes, and solar power and propulsion applications. Regardless of the use, one common requirement for successful application is the accuracy of the inflated surface shape. The work reported here concerns the shape control of an inflated thin circular disk through use of a nonlinear finite element analysis. First, a review of the important associated Hencky problem is given. Then we discuss a shape modification, achieved through enforced boundary displacements, which resulted in moving the inflated shape towards a desired parabolic profile. Minimization of the figure error is discussed and conclusions are drawn.