gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Health benefits of tennis (2017)

The aim of the study was to explore the role of tennis in the promotion of health and prevention of disease. The focus was on risk factors and diseases related to a sedentary lifestyle, including low fitness levels, obesity, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. A literature search was undertaken to retrieve relevant articles. Structured computer searches of PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were undertaken, along with hand searching of key journals and reference lists to locate relevant studies published up to March 2007. These had to be cohort studies (of either cross sectional or longitudinal design), case-control studies, or experimental studies. Twenty four studies were identified that dealt with physical fitness of tennis players, including 17 on intensity of play and 16 on maximum oxygen uptake; 17 investigated the relation between tennis and (risk factors for) cardiovascular disease; and 22 examined the effect of tennis on bone health. People who choose to play tennis appear to have significant health benefits, including improved aerobic fitness, a lower body fat percentage, a more favourable lipid profile, reduced risk for developing cardiovascular disease, and improved bone health.
The prevalence of narcolepsy: An epidemiological study of the Finnish Twin Cohort (1994)

We investigated the prevalence of narcolepsy using a well-defined white population previously used for epidemiological investigations: the Finnish Twin Cohort. The Cohort consists of 13,888 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs born before 1958. There were 16,179 individuals who participated in the study, with a 77.3% response rate. The study methodology included a questionnaire covering sleep and alertness, the Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale (UNS), a scale specifically developed and tested for the study, telephone interviews, and finally, clinical evaluation, polygraphic recording, and HLA blood typing. Seventy-five subjects were selected for telephone interviews and laboratory evaluations based on data from both questionnaires. Five of them were strongly suspected of narcolepsy, but laboratory data identified only 3. All were dizygotic (fraternal) twins discordant for the disease with a negative family history and presence of DR2 DQw1 (i.e., DRw15 DQw6, new World Health Organization classification). The prevalence of narcolepsy in the Finnish population is 0.026% (95% confidence interval, 0.0-0.06). This prevalence is lower than that reported in studies performed without polygraphic recording and is close to that reported in 1945 in the black U.S. population. The tools developed to perform this study, the largest population study of its kind yet performed, can now be used for other population investigations.
A new synthesis of alloxazines by the reaction of diethyl azodiformate with 6-anilinouracils (1975)

Treatment of 6-anilinouracils with diethyl azodiformate led the corresponding alloxazines (benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-diones). This synthesis involves initial formation of Michael-type adducts [6-anilino-5-(1,2-bisethoxy-carbonylhydrazino)uracils] followed by dehydrogenative cyclization with further diethyl azodiformate.
High‐cell‐density fed‐batch cultivation of the docosahexaenoic acid producing marine alga <i>Crypthecodinium cohnii</i> (2003)

The heterotrophic marine alga Crypthecodinium cohnii is known to produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid with food and pharmaceutical applications, during batch cultivation on complex media containing sea salt, yeast extract, and glucose. In the present study, fed-batch cultivation was studied as an alternative fermentation strategy for DHA production. Glucose and acetic acid were compared as carbon sources. For both substrates, the feed rate was adapted to the maximum specific consumption rate of C. cohnii. In glucose-grown cultures, this was done by maintaining a significant glucose concentration (between 5 and 20 g/L) throughout fermentation. In acetic acid-grown cultures, the medium feed was automatically controlled via the culture pH. A feed consisting of acetic acid (50% w/w) resulted in a higher overall volumetric productivity of DHA (r(DHA)) than a feed consisting of 50% (w/v) glucose (38 and 14 mg/L/h, respectively). The r(DHA) was further increased to 48 mg/L/h using a feed consisting of pure acetic acid. The latter fermentation strategy resulted in final concentrations of 109 g/L dry biomass, 61 g/L lipid, and 19 g/L DHA. These are the highest biomass, lipid, and DHA concentrations reported to date for a heterotrophic alga. Vigorous mixing was required to sustain aerobic conditions during high-cell-density cultivation. This was complicated by culture viscosity, which resulted from the production of viscous extracellular polysaccharides. These may present a problem for large-scale industrial production of DHA. Addition of a commercial polysaccharide-hydrolase preparation could decrease the viscosity of the culture and the required stirring.
A new adaptive delay method for wideband wireless Kahn's RF power amplifiers (2006)

This paper presents an adaptive delay control method used in wideband Kahn's envelope elimination and restoration (EER) RF power amplifiers (PAs). Besides control circuits, envelope and phase signals are also implemented by baseband digital signal processing (DSP) technique. It avoids using not only nonlinear limiter and envelope detector, but also difficult RF delay module or complicated feedback loop, each of which is necessary in conventional EER PA's structure. With the help of applying phase detector, counter, and latch register, the delay varies adaptively with circuit parameters, and then the new PA maintains performance at all times. With the application of this method we can realize a PA applicable to IEEE 802.11b standard with 11 MHz signal bandwidth, of which adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is better than -40 dBc at the first side lobe
E.E.Cummings' Visual and Aural Effects in "in Just-" (2010)

E.E.Cummings,as one of modern poets,experimentally created many visual poems.in Just- helps the reader visually see the transformation from reality to illusion and aurally hear the conversion of time and space,and it demonstrates its unique visual and aural effects to further the theme of spring.Cummings extols spring,which symbolizes the worship of nature,childish innocence and hope,contradicting the absence of faith,adults' decadence and despair prevailing in the modern society.
Collection and Exploratory Analysis of Attitude Sensor Data in an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (2007)

The aim of this paper is to present the collection of attitude sensor data from an epilepsy monitoring unit and the results of standard exploration using principal component analysis. The collection of data from attitude sensors positioned on three limbs of epileptic patients at their bedside is described. The analysis of the data focuses, on one hand, on motor features extraction from attitude sensor data and on the other hand, on visual segmentation of seizures into events corresponding to motor manifestations classes by an expert. Principal component analysis is then realized over these features and groups of data are localized according to the expert classification. This exploration indicates a possible discrimination between these motor manifestation classes.
Scaled DCT's on input sizes that are composite (1995)

Given efficient scaled discrete cosine transforms (DCT's) of size p and q, where p and q are relatively prime, we present methods for constructing fast algorithms to compute scaled DCT's and scaled inverse DCT's of size pq. Extensions to multidimensional transforms are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Principles of Large-Signal MESFET Operation (1994)

The large-signal RF operating principles of MESFET amplifiers are investigated using a circuit simulator that incorporates a physics based MESFET model which has been augmented with a new gate breakdown model. It is demonstrated that the main saturating mechanisms of the MESFET under large-signal RF operation are forward and reverse conduction of the gate electrode. Maximized RF performance of MESFET amplifiers is obtained by optimally positioning the dynamic load line relative to the RF-IV plane. The position of the dynamic v i characteristic is determined by device breakdown, bias, and circuit tuning conditions.
Neuropharmacological correlates of the motor syndrome of the genetically dystonic (dt) rat. (1988)

The research program described here has focused primarily on identifying sites of dysfunction in the central nervous system of rat mutants described as dystonic. The evidence strongly favors the position that there is a defect in the cerebellum of the dt rat. At present it seems reasonable to propose as a working hypothesis that there is a defect in the Purkinje cells that renders these neurons less sensitive to the excitatory neurotransmitters released by the climbing and parallel fibers. The finding that an abnormality in GAD activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei is relatively localized when first detected but spreads over time as the motor syndrome intensifies may indicate that there is a progressive decline in the function of the Purkinje cells. The fact that electrophysiological techniques detect a mixture of relatively normal and abnormal Purkinje cell activity in animals with advanced symptoms is consistent with such a proposal. Finding significant abnormalities in the cerebellum of the dt rat does not necessarily mean that this is the site of the primary defect responsible for the motor syndrome seen in these animals. We have failed to detect any signs of dysfunction in the basal ganglia, the presumed locus of a defect in human torsion dystonia. However, our investigations have been limited almost exclusively to the striatum. Thus, the possibility of defects at other sites, such as the globus pallidus or thalamus must be considered. Although we have not yet demonstrated that the abnormalities detected in the cerebellum are causally related to the behavior of the dt rat, the behavioral syndrome is consistent with a cerebellar defect. It has been suggested that the cerebellum is important for the continuing calibration of coordinated motor behavior. Important observations on the effects of cerebellar lesions have come from the study of the oculomotor system. Lesions in the cerebellum have been shown to eliminate the ability to recalibrate the saccadic eye movement system and to destroy the adaptive plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex A cerebellar defect could result in a failure in motor learning or in the calibration of motor systems that must take place as the rat pup masters adult patterns of locomotion. We note that lesions of the climbing fiber system with 3-AP lead to some of the same biochemical effects seen in dt rats but do not produce an identical behavioral syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Carbon dioxide as a short-term restraint anaesthetic in rats with subclinical respiratory disease (1989)

The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) with, and without, oxygen (O2) as a short-term restraint anaesthetic for Wistar rats in which subclinical respiratory disease was endemic, was assessed in 3 separate experiments. In the first, rats were placed in a CO2 atmosphere generated from solid CO2 chips in a 70 l plastic bin, and removed at time intervals ranging from 0 to 120 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex. Eight of 25 rats died, including 2 which were removed immediately the pedal reflex disappeared; it was concluded that CO2 without O2 was not a suitable short-term anaesthetic for rats. In a second study, rats were anaesthetized in atmospheres of 50:50 and 80:20 (CO2:O2) provided from commercially available cylinders, in 2 different environments--a 3.41 glass jar and a 17 l plastic bin. Rats became excited in the plastic bin but not the glass jar. Rats in the glass jar displayed visible depression and cessation of whiskers movement significantly more quickly in the 80:20 (CO2:O2) than in the 50:50 mixture (4.2 +/- 0.98 s, n = 6, and 66.0 +/- 4.9 s, n = 6 vs 13.8 +/- 2.77 s, n = 5 and 152.0 +/- 20.8 s, n = 5, respectively). Rats in the 17 l plastic bin lost their pedal reflexes in a mean 41.5 +/- 4.55 s (n = 11) in the 50:50 mixture and in a mean 30.9 +/- 6.38 s (n = 11) in the 80:20 (CO2:O2) group. Those left in the 50:50 mixture for 60 s and 180 s after disappearance of their pedal reflexes, recovered these reflexes in 20.2 +/- 0.44 s and 21.5 +/- 7.23 s respectively after removal from the gas. Respiration and heart beat ceased in one rat remaining in the 50:50 mixture after 13 min 10 s. No untoward effects occurred in rats left in the 50:50 mixture for 180 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex, but 2 died when left for an equivalent period in the 80:20 mixture. In the third study, examples of the practical use of a 50:50 mixture as a short term restraint anaesthetic are described. It was concluded that this mixture was a cheap, safe, and effective means of short-term restraint for rats with subclinical respiratory disease, when the minimal time of exposure to the gases was employed.
Progress and prospects for accelerating materials science with automated and autonomous workflows (2019)

Accelerating materials research by integrating automation with artificial intelligence is increasingly recognized as a grand scientific challenge to discover and develop materials for emerging and future technologies. While the solid state materials science community has demonstrated a broad range of high throughput methods and effectively leveraged computational techniques to accelerate individual research tasks, revolutionary acceleration of materials discovery has yet to be fully realized. This perspective review presents a framework and ontology to outline a materials experiment lifecycle and visualize materials discovery workflows, providing a context for mapping the realized levels of automation and the next generation of autonomous loops in terms of scientific and automation complexity. Expanding autonomous loops to encompass larger portions of complex workflows will require integration of a range of experimental techniques as well as automation of expert decisions, including subtle reasoning about data quality, responses to unexpected data, and model design. Recent demonstrations of workflows that integrate multiple techniques and include autonomous loops, combined with emerging advancements in artificial intelligence and high throughput experimentation, signal the imminence of a revolution in materials discovery.
Determination of chrysene and benzopyrene in the atmospheric environment by mass spectrometry (1978)

ハイボリュームエアーサンプラーで捕集した大気中の粉じんをシクロヘキサンで抽出し,抽出溶液に含まれるクリセン(Chrs.)及びベンゾピレン(BP)を質量分析法で測定した.抽出溶液の一部を採り,内部標準ベンゾアントロン(BA)を加え,風乾させ,質量分析計でChrs.(m/e228),BP(m/e252)及びBA(m/e234)のイオン電流を測定する.BAの電流積分値に対するChrs.及びBPの電流積分値の割合からChrs.及びBPの量を求める.大気中にはChrs.及びBPの異性体が存在するので,測定値を補正する必要がある.本法の特徴は0.1ngのChrs.及びBPが高精度で分析できることと操作が簡単であることである.
Effect of aluminum carbide buffer layer on growth and self‐separation of <i>m</i> ‐plane GaN by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (2009)

Abstract An m ‐plane GaN layer with a thickness of approximately 500 μm was successfully obtained on a conventional m ‐plane sapphire substrate with a diameter of 2 inches. The GaN layer was grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on a buffer layer of low‐temperature (LT) GaN/Al 4 C 3 structure deposited on the sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The deposition temperature of the Al 4 C 3 layer affected the appearance of the m ‐plane GaN layer. The c ‐axes of the GaN layer is parallel to the a ‐axis of the sapphire substrate. The thick GaN layer spontaneously separated from the sapphire substrate after its growth. Complete self‐separation of the m ‐plane GaN from the sapphire substrate was achieved with good reproducibility when the thickness of the Al 4 C 3 layer was 70–100 nm. By lapping and polishing the self‐separated GaN crystal, a freestanding m ‐plane GaN wafer with a diameter of 45 mm was obtained. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heterologous production of raspberry ketone in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae via pathway engineering and synthetic enzyme fusion (2016)

Raspberry ketone is the primary aroma compound found in raspberries and naturally derived raspberry ketone is a valuable flavoring agent. The economic incentives for the production of raspberry ketone, combined with the very poor yields from plant tissue, therefore make this compound an excellent target for heterologous production in synthetically engineered microbial strains. A de novo pathway for the production of raspberry ketone was assembled using four heterologous genes, encoding phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxlase, coumarate-CoA ligase and benzalacetone synthase, in an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Synthetic protein fusions were also explored as a means of increasing yields of the final product. The highest raspberry ketone concentration achieved in minimal media exceeded 7.5 mg/L when strains were fed with 3 mM p-coumaric acid; or 2.8 mg/L for complete de novo synthesis, both of which utilized a coumarate-CoA ligase, benzalacetone synthase synthetic fusion protein that increased yields over fivefold compared to the native enzymes. In addition, this strain was shown to be able to produce significant amounts of raspberry ketone in wine, with a raspberry ketone titer of 3.5 mg/L achieved after aerobic fermentation of Chardonnay juice or 0.68 mg/L under anaerobic winemaking conditions. We have shown that it is possible to produce sensorially-relevant quantities of raspberry ketone in an industrial heterologous host. This paves the way for further pathway optimization to provide an economical alternative to raspberry ketone derived from plant sources.
The Photochemical Oxidation of GaAs (1985)

The vacuum ultraviolet photochemical oxidation of by (wavelengths of 2537 and 1849Å) was studied by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We believe the model most consistent with our data involves (i) adsorption of molecular , (ii) dissociation of the on the surface, and (iii) oxidation of the surface by the adsorbed O atoms. The temperature dependence of the overall reaction on the stoichiometric surface is dominated by the temperature dependence of adsorption of . An As‐rich surface oxidizes more slowly, and the reaction saturates; in this case, the rate‐limiting step and the cause of saturation is the oxidation of the surface by adsorbed O atoms. The As‐covered surface does not present the proper sites (As atoms surrounded by Ga atoms) for fast, continued oxidation of .
IL-10 selectively regulates murine Ig isotype switching (1996)

A role for IL-10 in regulating Ig isotype switching directly at the level of the murine B cell has not been previously reported. In this report we show that IL-10 selectively up-regulated IgM to IgG3 class switching in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated cultures through a direct effect on membrane (m) IgM+IgG3(-)B cells in vitro. IL-10 stimulated a 3- to 4-fold enhancement (from 6-8 to 20-30%) in membrane mIgG3(+) cells and a significant increase in Smu-Sgamma3 DNA rearrangement events as measured by digestion-circularization PCR (DC-PCR) over that observed with LPS alone. IL-10 induction of switching to IgG3 was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the steady-state levels of germline CHgamma3 RNA. By contrast, IL-10 strongly inhibited the transforming growth factor-beta-mediated generation of mIgA+ cells and Smu-Salpha DNA rearrangement events in LPS-, but not CD40 ligand (CD40L)-activated B cells. This effect was not accompanied by changes in the steady-state levels of germline CHalpha RNA. IL-10 had no effect on IL-4-mediated switching to either IgG1 or IgE in either LPS- or CD40L-activated B cells. Thus, IL-10 can either enhance or suppress switching to particular murine Ig isotypes but it differs from most other murine cytokines in that its effects on switching do not appear to be associated with changes in the corresponding steady-state levels of germline CH RNA.
Development of biosensors for early detection of anastomotic leak and sepsis (2014)

Anastomotic leak is a catastrophic surgical complication leading to high morbidity, mortality and cancer recurrence. Currently detection is difficult, with a paucity of available diagnostic tests that have variable sensitivity and specificity. The work described in this thesis evaluated the use of local biomarkers within the anastomotic environment coupled with a biosensor application to assess proof-of-concept feasibility as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for anastomotic leak. Using a small animal model of caecal ligation and puncture to replicate abdominal sepsis, local abdominal biomarkers lactate, TNFα, and E. coli were all found to significantly increase compared to sham control models at 24 and 36 hours. Chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) interrogation of biosensors were then used to detect and quantitate levels of these respective biomarkers in real patient samples, and data compared to that obtained by existing commercial assays to evaluate accuracy. Characterisation of each biosensor utilised cyclic voltammetry, SEM, Midland blotting, SDS-PAGE and dot blotting techniques to optimise the fabrication methodology. The lactate biosensor consisted of a pre-impregnated Prussian Blue carbon electrode with lactate oxidase enzyme immobilised onto the surface via polyethyleneimine. Using chronoamperometry, the lactate biosensor gave significantly similar results to a commercial enzyme-based lactate colorimetric assay in ten abdominal fluid patient samples. E. coli immunosensors were constructed using a polytyramine matrix onto which half polyclonal antibody fragments raised against multiple strains of E. coli were immobilised. EIS was used to measure the charge transfer resistance of the biosensors when incubated with a varying concentration of E. coli, with a limit of detection found to be 104 cells ml-1. EIS of E. coli biosensors in the ten patient samples showed statistically significant equivalent results to those from flow cytometry. Immunosensors to TNFα were constructed using a similar methodology to E. coli, with whole antibody to TNFα immobilised onto a polytyramine electrode surface. Initial EIS results in buffered solution showed good biosensor response to varying concentrations of TNFα, but further studies are required for complete biosensor development.