gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for defective retinoid transport and function in late onset Alzheimer's disease (2003)

The hypothesis of this article is that late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is influenced by the availability in brain of retinoic acid (RA), the final product of the vitamin A (retinoid) metabolic cascade. Genetic, metabolic, and environmental/dietary evidence is cited supporting this hypothesis. Significant genetic linkages to AD are demonstrated for markers close to four of the six RA receptors, RA receptor G at 12q13, retinoid X receptor B at 6p21.3, retinoid X receptor G at 1q21, and RA receptor A at 17q21. Three of the four retinol-binding proteins at 3q23 and 10q23 and the RA-degrading cytochrome P450 enzymes at 10q23 and 2p13 map to AD linkages. Synthesis of the evidence supports retinoid hypofunction and impaired transport as contributing factors. These findings suggest testable experiments to determine whether increasing the availability of retinoid in brain, possibly through pharmacologic targeting of the RA receptors and the cytochrome P450 RA-inactivating enzymes, can prevent or decrease amyloid plaque formation.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Quetiapine in the Treatment of Bipolar I or II Depression (2005)

Quetiapine monotherapy is efficacious and well tolerated for the treatment of bipolar depression.
A dynamic fault tolerance framework for remote robots (1995)

This paper presents a layered fault tolerance framework containing new fault detection and tolerance schemes. The framework is divided into servo, interface, and supervisor layers. The servo layer is the continuous robot system and its normal controller. The interface layer monitors the servo layer for sensor or motor failures using analytical redundancy based fault detection tests. A newly developed algorithm generates the dynamic thresholds necessary to adapt the detection tests to the modeling inaccuracies present in robotic control. Depending on the initial conditions, the interface layer can provide some sensor fault tolerance automatically without direction from the supervisor. If the interface runs out of alternatives, the discrete event supervisor searches for remaining tolerance options and initiates the appropriate action based on the current robot structure indicated by the fault tree database. The layers form a hierarchy of fault tolerance which provide different levels of detection and tolerance capabilities for structurally diverse robots.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using spatial information to analyze correlations between test structure data (1990)

A modeling strategy that captures the dependence of performances on the spatial position of the chips on the wafer is presented. The information from this model can be used to determine whether the variance and correlation of parameters are due to random variation or are a function of wafer position. Simulation or knowledge from process engineers can be used to determine whether the spatial correlation between two parameters is due to a single underlying cause or multiple causes. The spatial correlation can also be used to split the correlation matrix into two parts: the first matrix would contain correlations due to spatially dependent disturbances and the second would contain those due to disturbances not spatially dependent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Public Health Approaches to Obesity and Its Management (1986)

In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scientific research examining the multiple ways in which racism can adversely affect health. This interest has been driven in part by the striking persistence of racial/ethnic inequities in health and ...Read More
The Japanese guidelines for the management of sepsis (2014)

This is a guideline for the management of sepsis, developed by the Sepsis Registry Committee of The Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine (JSICM) launched in March 2007. This guideline was developed on the basis of evidence-based medicine and focuses on unique treatments in Japan that have not been included in the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines (SSCG), as well as treatments that are viewed differently in Japan and in Western countries. Although the methods in this guideline conform to the 2008 SSCG, the Japanese literature and the results of the Sepsis Registry Survey, which was performed twice by the Sepsis Registry Committee in intensive care units (ICUs) registered with JSICM, are also referred. This is the first and original guideline for sepsis in Japan and is expected to be properly used in daily clinical practice. This article is translated from Japanese, originally published as "The Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis" in the Journal of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine (J Jpn Soc Intensive Care Med), 2013; 20:124-73. The original work is at http://dx.doi.org/10.3918/jsicm.20.124.
Wilhelmy Plate Measurements on Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-Grafted Surfaces (1998)

Polystyrene surfaces have been modified by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) grafting. Beside observing the adhesion and the effect of low-temperature treatment on anchorage-dependent cells, the wetting behavior of PIPAAm-grafted surfaces was studied by dynamic contact angle measurement by Wilhelmy microbalances. Measurements were performed in water at different temperatures and at different speeds of immersion. Contact angle behavior has been explained in terms of heterogeneity of the surfaces, using a slightly modified hysteresis graph. The apparent inversion of advancing and receding contact angles shown at high speeds of immersion has been analyzed in terms of kinetic effect, and it is underlined the lack of a similar critical approach in existing literature data.
Permeability and Structure of Cellular Ceramics: A Comparison between Two Preparation Techniques (1998)

This work presents a comparative study of structural and aerodynamic properties of cellular ceramics prepared by two different techniques: the ceramic replication of an organic substrate and the gelcasting of foams. Permeability constants calculated from Ergun's equation were related to their apparent porosity and pore size. The technique of gelcasting of foams yielded structures as porous as the replication technique does, but with smaller pores and a fully densified strut. This type of structure ensures a higher mechanical strength without a significant decrease in the permeability.
Survey of Attack Graph Analysis Methods from the Perspective of Data and Knowledge Processing (2019)

Attack graph can simulate the possible paths used by attackers to invade the network. By using the attack graph, the administrator can evaluate the security of the network and analyze and predict the behavior of the attacker. Although there are many research studies on attack graph, there is no systematic survey for the related analysis methods. This paper firstly introduces the basic concepts, generation methods, and computing tasks of the attack graph, and then, several kinds of analysis methods of attack graph, namely, graph-based method, Bayesian network-based method, Markov model-based method, cost optimization method, and uncertainty analysis method, are described in detail. Finally, comparative study of the methods and future work are provided. We believe that this work would help the research community to understand the attack graph analysis method systematically.
On the Use of Parsing for Named Entity Recognition (2021)

Parsing is a core natural language processing technique that can be used to obtain the structure underlying sentences in human languages. Named entity recognition (NER) is the task of identifying the entities that appear in a text. NER is a challenging natural language processing task that is essential to extract knowledge from texts in multiple domains, ranging from financial to medical. It is intuitive that the structure of a text can be helpful to determine whether or not a certain portion of it is an entity and if so, to establish its concrete limits. However, parsing has been a relatively little-used technique in NER systems, since most of them have chosen to consider shallow approaches to deal with text. In this work, we study the characteristics of NER, a task that is far from being solved despite its long history; we analyze the latest advances in parsing that make its use advisable in NER settings; we review the different approaches to NER that make use of syntactic information; and we propose a new way of using parsing in NER based on casting parsing itself as a sequence labeling task.
Myocardial Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption during Moderate Cardiac Tamponade: Role of Reflex Vasoconstriction (1979)

SummaryThe influence of reflex vasoconstriction on aortic pressure and myocardial oxygen supply and demand during moderate cardiac tamponade was examined in anesthetized, open-chest dogs by comparing responses before and after systemic alpha adrenergic blockade. After α blockade, aortic pressure fell more during cardiac tamponade but there was no change in the ability of myocardium to satisfy its oxygen demand. The data suggest that although peripheral vasoconstriction attenuates the fall in aortic pressure during cardiac tamponade, adequate oxygen supply to myocardium depends on local metabolic vasodilatory systems that couple metabolism to coronary vascular tone, and not on this reflex adjustment.
<title>Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image processing</title> (1992)

ISAR is a form of range-Doppler imaging in which object motion is used to form an image. An account is presently given of the use of laser radar to conduct ambiguity function-like (AFL) and subaperture AFL (SAFL) imaging with all-digital processing. Attention is given to waveform resolution and ambiguities, SAFL image samples, the application of correlation-mixing 'stretch processing', and a plausible design for a heterodyne receiver and generic waveform processor for all-digital stretch processing.
Neue Synthese von 4‐Azaphenothiazin (1995)

New Synthesis of 4‐Azaphenothiazine Herrn Dr. W. A. Schuler zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet. The reaction of 2‐chloropyridine with 2‐aminothiophenol gives N ‐(2‐mercaptophenyl)‐2‐pyridinamine (2) which is cyclised to give 4‐azaphenothiazine (3) , a useful intermediate for pharmaceuticals. An improved one‐pot synthesis is reported and a reaction mechanism proposed.
Does pharmacologically induced weight loss improve cardiovascular outcome? Sibutramine pharmacology and the cardiovascular system (2005)

The serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor, sibutramine, is a widely used anti-obesity drug that promotes weight loss by increasing satiety, although a mild increase in energy expenditure may also contribute. Noradrenaline re-uptake inhibition with sibutramine in peripheral tissues could theoretically exacerbate arterial hypertension through an increase in synaptic noradrenaline concentrations. This has led to a widespread perception that sibutramine contributes to hypertension and should not be used in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. However, neither published trials nor post hoc re-analysis of randomized trial data support this notion; the incidence of sustained blood pressure (BP) increase with sibutramine is not significantly different from control. Indeed, post-marketing surveillance data suggest a significant decrease in BP with sibutramine in obese hypertensives. The biological basis of this effect is underpinned by detailed consideration of adrenergic receptor pharmacology and confirmed by mechanistic studies.
The effect of composition of a polymeric coating on the biofilm formation of bacteria and filamentous fungi (2018)

Functionality of polymeric coating, especially in terms of anti-corrosive properties and stability, can be negatively influenced by formation of either bacterial or fungal biofilm on its surface. Herein, the epoxy-ester resin based polymeric coating was filled with pigments (natural silicon dioxide diatomite, natural wollastonite, tungstate and molybdate). Pigments was modified by conducting polymers (polyaniline phosphate, polypyrrole phosphate, poly(p-phenylenediamine) phosphate and ZnFe2O4). Impact of modified pigments on the surface energy and formation of biofilm were tested. The use of various biofilm forming species of both the bacteria and fungi filled a knowledge gap about their behavior on polymeric coatings.
The lively membranes (1983)

Preface Acknowledgements 1. Lively properties - themes and variations 2. Composition - special molecules 3. Structure - cooperative molecules 4. Dynamics - moving molecules 5. Energy transduction - light-energy trapping 6. Energy transdunction - oxidation-reduction energy 7. Trans-membrane diffusion - ion carriers 8. Transport, absorption and secretion 9. Excited membranes and signal transmission 10. Membrane-bound reactions - hormones, antibodies and synthesis 11. Membranes and evolution.
Detection of Algorithmically Generated Malicious Domain Using Frequency Analysis (2018)

Malicious use and exploitation of Dynamic Domain Name Services (DDNS) capabilities poses a serious threat to the information security of organisations and businesses. In recent times, many malware writers have relied on DDNS to maintain their Command and Control (C&C) network infrastructure to ensure a persistence presence on a compromised host. Amongst the various DDNS techniques, Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) is often perceived as the most elusive and difficult to detect using traditional methods. This paper presents an approach for detecting DGA using frequency analysis of the character distribution and the weighted scores of the domain names. The approach's feasibility is demonstrated using a range of legitimate domains and a number of malicious algorithmically-generated domain names. When a weighted score of < 45 is applied to the Alexa one million list of domain names, only 15% of the domain names were treated as non-human generated.
Cell-specific regulation of human CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genes. (1997)

In this report, we present a characterization of the cell-specific expression of two human cytochrome P450 genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The TCDD-dependent induction of CYP1A1 has been studied extensively and serves as the prototype response for a TCDD-signaling pathway initiated by the reversible binding of TCDD to an intracellular receptor [designated the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor]. CYP1A1 is induced by TCDD to high levels (45-fold increase) in the human hepatoblastoma line HepG2 as compared with the human renal adenocarcinoma line ACHN. In contrast, CYP1B1 is induced selectively in ACHN cells. Cell-specific induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA correlates with comparable changes in the corresponding proteins and results, at least in part, from transcriptional activation. Characterization of the mechanism(s) for the differential regulation of CYP1A1 was carried out. Nuclear extracts obtained from either cell line following treatment with TCDD displayed equivalent binding to oligonucleotide probes for two dioxin-responsive elements located 5'-ward of the CYP1A1 promoter. This result obtained with broken cell fractions was confirmed by an intact cell DNA protection assay. Possible involvement of negative regulators is suggested by the presence of a negative regulatory element in the 5' flanking region of the CYP1A1 gene and the observed superinduction of CYP1A1 mRNA by cycloheximide in TCDD-treated HepG2 cells. Electromobility shift analysis using negative regulatory element probes, however, did not detect quantitative differences in the binding of nuclear extract proteins obtained from either HepG2 or ACHN cells treated with TCDD. These findings indicate that the ligand-dependent activation and dioxin-responsive element binding of the Ah receptor required for CYP1A1 induction in HepG2 cells also can occur in ACHN cells. We conclude that the repression of TCDD-dependent CYP1A1 induction in ACHN cells occurs at the level of transactivation in the Ah receptor signal transduction pathway.
Acute ecological toxicity and environmental persistence of simulants (1988)

The objectives of these studies are to establish the comparative environmental behavior and chemical fate of chemical simulants. Laboratory studies were undertaken to establish: (1) deposition efficiency (deposition velocities, Vd) for receptor surfaces including plant foliage and soils; (2) dose/response relationships for important environmental components including plants and soil microflora; and (3) the environmental persistence of the simulants. Chemical agent simulants are employed for a range of testing and training activities where use of chemical agents is less than suitable from a safety and environmental standpoint. A variety of chemical simulant materials are used to simulate either nerve agents or blister agents. The following research describes the environmental effects and persistence of four simulants. These are the nerve agent stimulants diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphonate (BIS), and the mustard stimulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). The vapor pressures for DIMP, DFP, and CEES are relatively high, reported to be 0.17, 0.58 and 3.4 mm Hg, respectively; while that of BIS is substantially less at 5.8 /times/ 10/sup /minus/5/ mm Hg at 25/degree/C. The chemical characteristics of DFP and CEES are very similar to G/VX-agents and mustard, respectively, and are employed for materials evaluation under controlled conditions.more » However, their toxicity precludes their use in the environment. DIMP and BIS are currently used for testing in the open air. 3 figs., 3 tabs.« less
High performance clock distribution for CMOS ASICs (1989)

An effective clock distribution system is presented for high performance CMOS standard cell designs. The system can achieve clock skew of less than 500 ps with phase delay under 4 ns. The system is flexible, multitiered, netlist-specific, compatible with commercial routers, and accurately modeled. Clock tree structure, interconnect constraints, buffer design methodology, netlist-driven placement, localized clock assignment, simulated annealing, layout reintegration, and simulation modeling are discussed
AFLP− Fingerprinting of Arabidopsis (1998)

AFLP− (KeyGene, Wagenmgen, The Netherlands), is a DNA fingerprmtmg technique that visualizes DNA restriction fragments by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amphfication (,). Routinely, 50-100 restriction fragments are amphfied simultaneously and detected on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The AFLP technique consists of three major steps:
Kernelized structural SVM learning for supervised object segmentation (2011)

Object segmentation needs to be driven by top-down knowledge to produce semantically meaningful results. In this paper, we propose a supervised segmentation approach that tightly integrates object-level top down information with low-level image cues. The information from the two levels is fused under a kernelized structural SVM learning framework. We defined a novel nonlinear kernel for comparing two image-segmentation masks. This kernel combines four different kernels: the object similarity kernel, the object shape kernel, the per-image color distribution kernel, and the global color distribution kernel. Our experiments show that the structured SVM algorithm finds bad segmentations of the training examples given the current scoring function and punishes these bad segmentations to lower scores than the example (good) segmentations. The result is a segmentation algorithm that not only knows what good segmentations are, but also learns potential segmentation mistakes and tries to avoid them. Our proposed approach can obtain comparable performance to other state-of-the-art top-down driven segmentation approaches yet is flexible enough to be applied to widely different domains.
Fractalkine (CX3CL1)– and Interleukin-2–Enriched Neuroblastoma Microenvironment Induces Eradication of Metastases Mediated by T Cells and Natural Killer Cells (2007)

Fractalkine (FKN) is a unique CX3C chemokine (CX3CL1) known to induce both adhesion and migration of leukocytes mediated by a membrane-bound and a soluble form, respectively. Its function is mediated through CX3C receptor (CX3CR), which is expressed by T(H)1 immune cells including T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. FKN was shown to be expressed in >90% of 68 neuroblastoma samples as determined by cDNA microarray analysis. Here, we characterized the effect of FKN in the neuroblastoma microenvironment using a syngeneic model genetically engineered to secrete FKN. We show FKN-mediated migration, adhesion, and IFN-gamma secretion of immune effector cells, but limited antineuroblastoma activity, in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a combined increase of FKN and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the neuroblastoma microenvironment induces an effective antitumor immune response. For this purpose, IL-2 was targeted to ganglioside GD2, which is highly expressed on neuroblastoma tissue, using an anti-GD2 antibody IL-2 immunocytokine (ch14.18-IL-2). Only mice bearing FKN- and IL-2-enriched neuroblastoma tumors exhibited a reduction in primary tumor growth and a complete eradication of experimental liver metastases. The depletion of T cells and NK cells in vivo abrogated the effect, and these effector cells showed the highest cytolytic activity in vitro. Finally, only the FKN- and IL-2-enriched neuroblastoma microenvironment resulted in T-cell activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In summary, we showed for the first time the immunologic mechanisms by which targeted IL-2 treatment of neuroblastoma with an FKN-rich microenvironment induces an effective antitumor response.
Influence du champ magnétique sur une transformation polymorphique d'un ferromagnétique (1953)

On démontre que la température de transformation polymorphique d'un ferromagnétique dépend du champ magnétique extérieur appliqué. Une vérification expérimentale est en accord avec l'effet prévu.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotide–Peptide and Oligonucleotide–Protein Conjugates (2004)

The conjugation of macromolecules offers a rapid and versatile route to improved function. Here, the methods for obtaining disulfide-linked oligonucleotide-peptide and oligonucleotide-protein conjugates are described. These hybrid molecules can be used deliver chemical functionality to specific sequences within deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid. The peptides and proteins can also be used to enhance the hybridization properties of the attached oligonucleotides.
Lithium–metal infused trenches (LiMIT) for heat removal in fusion devices (2011)

Observation of liquid lithium flow in metal trenches has been made using a lithium–metal infused trench (LiMIT) tile and is reported here. The flow is self-pumping and uses thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamics to remove heated lithium and replenish it at a lower temperature. Flow velocities have been measured and compared with theoretical predictions.