gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VII.—Optically active esters of β-ketonic and β-aldehydic acids. Part IV. Condensation of aldehydes with menthyl acetoacetate (1904)

A. C. O. Hann and A. Lapworth, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1904, 85, 46 DOI: 10.1039/CT9048500046
The PML gene encodes a phosphoprotein associated with the nuclear matrix (1995)

The t(15;17)(q22;q12) translocation is the cytogenetic hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The PML and retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR alpha) transcription factor genes are involved at translocation breakpoint. To elucidate the biologic function of PML, antipeptide antibody against PML protein was raised in rabbits. This antibody was able to detect a 90-kD PML protein and a 110-kD PML-RAR alpha fusion protein by Western blotting and a nuclear speckled pattern in all cell lines by immunofluorescent staining. In K562 and NIH/3T3 cells transfected with a PML expression plasmid, we found PML to be associated with the nuclear matrix. Our results also showed that PML is a phosphorprotein. A weak signal was detected in a Western blot containing the immunoprecipitated PML protein using the phosphotyrosine-specific monoclonal antibody. Therefore, at least one of the sites was phosphorylated by a tyrosine kinase. From our analysis of the phosphoamino acids of the PML protein by complete hydrolysis and thin-layer chromatography, we concluded that both tyrosine and serine residues of PML are phosphorylated. To investigate whether expression of the PML protein is cell-cycle related, HeLa cells synchronized at various phases of the cell cycle were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy for PML expression. We found that PML was expressed at a lower level in S, G2, and M phases and at a significantly higher level in G1 phase. Our study showed that PML has many similar properties compared with the tumor suppressor, eg, Rb. These findings further support the important role of PML in APL pathogenesis.
Ocular massage before cataract surgery. (1985)

We used the Honan intraocular pressure reducer, a balloon that applies a constant force, to the eyes in ten subjects with senile cataracts. An initially significant decrease in intraocular pressure after removal disappeared exponentially with a half-time of 9.6 minutes, indicating that the benefits derived from the Honan balloon do not result from a sustained reduction in intraocular pressure. Measurements made on a phantom eye showed both marked variability and unexpectedly high intraocular pressure during typical preoperative digital massage by a group of ophthalmic surgeons. Measurements made on a cadaver eye after application of the Honan balloon showed that very high intraocular pressures may be achieved under some conditions.
T Cytotoxic 1 and T Cytotoxic 2 CD8 T Cells Both Inhibit IgE Responses (2001)

Both Tc1 and Tc2 CD8 T cells promote Th1 immunity and inhibit IgE responses. This process appears to be independent of CD8 T cell-derived IFN-gamma, as both Tc2 (IFN-gamma-) and Tc1 (IFN-gamma+) CD8 T cells inhibited IgE.
Alkali‐phosphorverbindungen und ihr reaktives Verhalten. LX. Zur Spaltung der P–P‐Bindung mit Lithium‐phospiden LiPR<sub>2</sub> bzw. Li<sub>2</sub>PR (1969)

Abstract Es wird über die Reaktionen von Bi‐ und Cyclopoly‐phosphinen mit P‐substituierten Lithiumphosphiden berichtet. Die Umsetzung von Tetraphenylbiphosphin mit LiPR 2 (R = C 2 H 5 ; c‐C 6 H 11 ) und Li 2 PR′ (R′ = C 6 H 5 ) führt zunächst zu unsymmetrischen Biphosphinen R′ 2 P‐PR 2 bzw. R′(Li)P‐PR′ 2 , die mit weiterem LiPR 2 (Li 2 PR′) die symmetrischen Biphosphine R 2 P‐PR 2 bzw. R′(Li)P‐P(Li)R′ bilden. Aus „Phenylphosphor”︁ und Li 2 PC 6 H 5 entstehen Verbindungen des Typs Li‐(PC 6 H 5 ) x ‐Li (x = 2, 3, 4). Versuche, Lithium‐phosphide der Zusammensetzung Li‐(PC 6 H 5 ) x ‐P(C 6 H 5 ) 2 (x > 1) aus „Phenylphosphor”︁ und Lithium‐diphenylphosphid herzustellen, blieben ohne Erfolg. Es gelang nur, ihre Zerfalls‐ bzw. Abbauprodukte 1.4‐Dilithium‐1.2.3.4‐tetraphenyl‐tetraphosphin, Tetraphenylbiphosphin und 1‐Lithium‐1.2.2‐triphenylbiphosphin zu isolieren.
Persistent and Recurrent Clostridium difficile Colitis (2015)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most frequent cause of nosocomial diarrhea. It has become a significant dilemma in the treatment of patients, and causes increasing morbidity that, in extreme cases, may result in death. Persistent and recurrent disease hamper attempts at eradication of this infection. Escalating levels of treatment and novel therapeutics are being utilized and developed to treat CDI. Further trials are warranted to definitively determine what protocols can be used to treat persistent and recurrent disease.
Effects of Stress Factors on the Estrous Cycles of Beef Heifers (1972)

Similar groups of ungentled range weaner beef heifers were reared separate from other cattle at the University's Davis campus and Range Field Station. When 15 months of age they were observed twice daily (period 1) for estrus. Twice daily observations continued (period 2) after inducing stresses by placing one subgroup with strange mature cows, transporting another to the opposite location, while a third were non-stressed controls. While there were considerable differences in the abilities of the observers to detect estrus it was shown that it was possible for a skilled observer, with the aid of a marker animal, to detect a very high percentage of the heats with twice daily observations. There was no evidence of stress effects on the means of the established normal class of 15- to 25-day cycle lengths, which varied from 19.4 to 19.8 days, between the four treatments. The relative frequency of short cycles was higher under stress conditions at both locations, but did not approach the 5% level of statistical significance. However, when the non-stressed and stressed data were combined at each location the relative frequency of short cycles was significantly less at Davis. Supporting this evidence of possible greater stress conditions at the Field Station there were a significantly greater number of short cycles observed in the groups trucked from Davis to the Field Station than in the reciprocal movement. Similarly, the within-heifer variance of cycle lengths did not differ significantly between the non-stressed and stressed groups at either location, but when the data were combined at each location, it was significantly smaller at Davis.
Cu-Mediated C–H <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorination of Electron-Rich (Hetero)arenes (2017)

This communication describes a method for the nucleophilic radiofluorination of electron-rich arenes. The reaction involves the initial C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-H functionalization of an electron-rich arene with MesI(OH)OTs to form a (mesityl)(aryl)iodonium salt. This salt is then used in situ in a Cu-mediated radiofluorination with [<sup>18</sup>F]KF. This approach leverages the stability and availability of electron-rich arene starting materials to enable mild late-stage radiofluorination of toluene, anisole, aniline, pyrrole, and thiophene derivatives. The radiofluorination has been automated to access a 41 mCi dose of an <sup>18</sup>F-labeled nimesulide derivative in high (2800 ± 700 Ci/mmol) specific activity.
ChemScreener: A Distributed Computing Tool for Scaffold based Virtual Screening (2015)

In this work we present ChemScreener, a Java-based application to perform virtual library generation combined with virtual screening in a platform-independent distributed computing environment. ChemScreener comprises a scaffold identifier, a distinct scaffold extractor, an interactive virtual library generator as well as a virtual screening module for subsequently selecting putative bioactive molecules. The virtual libraries are annotated with chemophore-, pharmacophore- and toxicophore-based information for compound prioritization. The hits selected can then be further processed using QSAR, docking and other in silico approaches which can all be interfaced within the ChemScreener framework. As a sample application, in this work scaffold selectivity, diversity, connectivity and promiscuity towards six important therapeutic classes have been studied. In order to illustrate the computational power of the application, 55 scaffolds extracted from 161 anti-psychotic compounds were enumerated to produce a virtual library comprising 118 million compounds (17 GB) and annotated with chemophore, pharmacophore and toxicophore based features in a single step which would be non-trivial to perform with many standard software tools today on libraries of this size.
Interactions of ricin with sinusoidal endothelial rat liver cells. Different involvement of two distinct carbohydrate-specific mechanisms in surface binding and internalization (1991)

We have investigated the interactions of the plant toxin ricin with sinusoidal endothelial rat liver cells (EC). In these cells, ricin can be bound and internalized via either cell surface galactosyl residues or mannose receptors. Binding and uptake via galactosyl residues and mannose receptors was studied in the presence of mannan (1 mg/ml) and lactose (50 mM) respectively. Whereas most of the ricin binding was accounted for by cell surface galactosyl residues, uptake of ricin via mannose receptors was much more efficient than uptake via galactosyl residues. Internalized ricin is subject to extensive retroendocytosis (recycling to the cell surface from an early endocytic compartment). Retroendocytosis occurs after internalization of ricin via either pathway and to a much greater extent than for other glycoproteins taken up via mannose receptors of the EC. Hyperosmolarity (150 mM-sucrose), which is known to inhibit endocytosis from coated pits, strongly inhibited ricin uptake via mannose receptors, but had less effect on uptake via galactosyl residues. This suggests that only part of the galactose-specific uptake takes place from coated pits. Protein synthesis in EC was very sensitive to ricin [concn. causing half-maximal inhibition (IC50) = 1.3 x 10(-13) M]. Mannan was slightly more effective than lactose in protecting the EC protein synthesis from ricin toxicity.
Electrooptic sampling of silicon integrated circuits using a GaAs probe tip (1990)

Electrooptic (EO) sampling is a promising technique for the measurement of high speed signals at internal nodes of integrated circuits (ICs). An external transducer1 is needed for electrooptic sampling on Si ICs, and we have fabricated a probe tip using GaAs as the electrooptic material. We demonstrate the application of the GaAs probe tip to high speed sampling using a gain switched l.3-μm wavelength injection laser. The electrooptic modulation is a function of the distance between the probe tip and circuit, and the EO signal measured on test structures at 1.2 GHz is consistent with the prediction of an electrostatic model. At low frequencies (below a few megahertz), the EO modulation in the GaAs probe tip is reduced by an order of magnitude or more. This high pass frequency response is probably due to the conductivity of the semi-insulating GaAs probe tip material.
A Method of Multi-attribute Connection Number Decision Making Based on Fuzzy Linguistic (2008)

The multi-attribute connection number decision making problem is investigated,in which the attribute weights is known and the attribute values is given in the forms of fuzzy linguistic.A scale of the fuzzy linguistic of interval number is proposed,by identical discrepancy contrary of connection number corresponding values of set is given and ranked by using the values of set.Finally,an example is given,and the result proves the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
[Expression in Chinese hamster transformant TK+-cells of the bacterial gene for beta-lactamase]. (1985)

Using monospecific immune antiserum the expression of beta-lactamase bacterial gene (from the plasmid pBR322) in transformed TK+ Chinese hamster cells was studied. It is shown that in some TK+-clones the beta-lactamase gene is expressed and this expression is stimulated by an inhibitor of DNA methylation-5-azacytidine. Two physically linked genes (the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene, and the beta-lactamase gene) introduced into the Chinese hamster cells on the same plasmid are found to be expressed independently.
Spindle frequencies in sleep EEG show U‐shape within first four NREM sleep episodes (2002)

It has been shown in previous studies on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) that spindles are slower in the beginning of the night fastening towards the end of the night. Corresponding findings have been obtained by spectral analysis. The present study was based on our preliminary observation that slower spindles are found in the middle of the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep episodes as compared with the beginning or the end of the episodes. Eight healthy female and six male subjects were studied. Sleep spindles were visually selected and spindle frequencies calculated for 11 analysis points in each NREM sleep episode. The median spindle frequencies formed a clear U-shape within NREM sleep episodes with an initial decrease and final increase. The decrease was statistically significant within the first four NREM sleep episodes. It is possible that the spindle frequency pattern could be used to reveal variations in sleep depth within sleep stage 2. In animal studies the spindle frequency has been found to be associated to the duration of the hyperpolarization-rebound sequences of the thalamocortical cells. If it is assumed that the same cellular mechanisms are responsible for spindle frequencies in humans then the study of variations in spindle frequency could be used to examine the NREM sleep process in humans.
Kramers-Kronig Analysis Of Electro-Optical Switching In Silicon (1987)

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) exhibits two electro-optical effects that are suitable for device-application in guided-wave modulators and switches. The effects are electrorefraction and free-carrier dispersion. The dispersion is controlled by electrical injection or electrical depletion of charge carriers. The magnitude of these effects has been calculated in this paper. The results for c-Si are compared to those for GaAs and InP. Low-loss guided-wave electro-optical phase modulation structures in c-Si are proposed here.
Eliminating lattice fermion doubling (1982)

The problem of fermion doubling on a lattice is analyzed. Two new solutions are found in one space dimension. The first fails in the usual manner to generalize to three dimensions. The second solution generalizes to eliminate doubling in any number of dimensions.
Persistently Active Microbial Molecules Prolong Innate Immune Tolerance In Vivo (2013)

Measures that bolster the resolution phase of infectious diseases may offer new opportunities for improving outcome. Here we show that inactivation of microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can be required for animals to recover from the innate immune tolerance that follows exposure to Gram-negative bacteria. When wildtype mice are exposed to small parenteral doses of LPS or Gram-negative bacteria, their macrophages become reprogrammed (tolerant) for a few days before they resume normal function. Mice that are unable to inactivate LPS, in contrast, remain tolerant for several months; during this time they respond sluggishly to Gram-negative bacterial challenge, with high mortality. We show here that prolonged macrophage reprogramming is maintained in vivo by the persistence of stimulatory LPS molecules within the cells' in vivo environment, where naïve cells can acquire LPS via cell-cell contact or from the extracellular fluid. The findings provide strong evidence that inactivation of a stimulatory microbial molecule can be required for animals to regain immune homeostasis following parenteral exposure to bacteria. Measures that disable microbial molecules might enhance resolution of tissue inflammation and help restore innate defenses in individuals recovering from many different infectious diseases.
The Luminescence of Adhesive Tape (1939)

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Development of PV receivers for space line-focus concentrator modules (1996)

A practical design has been developed for string-type PV receivers intended to operate in space application line-focus concentrator modules. MOCVD grown AlGaAs/GaAs solar cells are used in these receivers as the main elements whereas Zn-diffused GaSb solar cells are used in tandem to improve total efficiency. Secondary cylindrical lenses operating similar to a "large scale prismatic cover" and transforming a focal light line into separated spots are introduced on the surfaces of solar cells. Efficiency 18.3% (AM0, 15 Suns, RT) has been measured on the receiver 72 mm long constructed from twelve series-connected AlGaAs/GaAs solar cells.
Efficient caching of video content to an architecture of proxies according to a frequency-based cache management policy (2006)

This paper focuses on an environment of more than one proxy server that serve homogeneous or even heterogeneous client preferences for streaming of video files. Under a hierarchical tree topology system of proxies, the prefixes of the videos are stored in small size proxy caches each located very close to the corresponding client community, while larger caches located further away from the client communities are used to cache the latter segments of the videos requested by more than one client community. Frequency-Based Cache Management Policies are used in order to efficiently and dynamically cache the content of the most popular videos among the various proxies. Our event-driven simulations have shown that the hierarchical tree topology of proxies achieves a much higher byte-hit ratio with less cache management overhead, when using the same overall cache capacity with a simple topology of independent proxies and in general provides better performance characteristics.
Induction of Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor Expression during Myogenesis (1995)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) gene expression and protein localization were analyzed during the process of myogenic differentiation. The mouse HB-EGF gene was isolated, and a 1.8-kilobase genomic fragment flanking the 5' end of the cDNA was cloned. This fragment contains two sequences which match the consensus CANNTG sequence for E-boxes, binding sites for the MyoD family of DNA-binding transcription factors that regulate myogenesis. Accordingly, HB-EGF synthesis was analyzed in 10T1/2 cells and C2C12 cells which are used commonly for the study of myogenesis. HB-EGF gene expression was upregulated in both cell types during myogenesis. In 10T1/2 cells, direct activation of HB-EGF gene expression by MyoD was shown in that: i) transient transfection of these cells with a plasmid expressing MyoD resulted in a 10-20-fold increase in endogenous HB-EGF mRNA levels; ii) co-transfection of MyoD and an HB-EGF promoter-reporter plasmid resulted in a 5-10-fold increase in reporter activity, an increase that was abrogated by deletion of a putative HB-EGF proximal E-box sequence; and iii) incubation of MyoD protein with a 25-base pair double-stranded oligonucleotide corresponding to the HB-EGF proximal E-box sequence resulted in retarded electrophoretic mobility of the oligonucleotide. In C2C12 cells, differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes resulted in a 40-50-fold increase in HB-EGF promoter activity. In addition, immunostaining and laser confocal microscopy detected HB-EGF protein in C2C12 myotubes but not in myoblasts. The HB-EGF produced was in its transmembrane form and localized to the myotube surface. Taken together, it was concluded that during skeletal muscle cell differentiation, MyoD plays a direct role in activating HB-EGF gene expression and that HB-EGF protein is expressed preferentially in myotubes and in its membrane-anchored form.
Analysis of Gene Expression in a Human Cell Line Stably Transduced with Herpesvirus Saimiri (2000)

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) is the prototype gamma-2 herpesvirus; it has significant homology to the human gammaherpesviruses Kaposi's sarcoma-associated virus and Epstein-Barr virus and the murine gammaherpesvirus murine herpesvirus 68. HVS causes a persistent asymptomatic infection in its natural host, the squirrel monkey. Both subgroups A and C possess the ability to immortalize common marmoset T lymphocytes to interleukin-2-independent proliferation. However, only subgroup C is capable of transforming human, rabbit, and rhesus monkey lymphocytes in vitro. In addition, HVS can stably transduce a variety of human cell lines where the virus persists as a nonintegrating circular episome. In this study, we have developed a system in which the HVS DNA is stably maintained as a nonintegrated circular episome in the human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Virus production can be reactivated using chemical inducing agents, including tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate and n-butyrate, suggesting that the infection in human A549 cells is latent. To analyze virus gene expression in these stably transduced cells, Northern blot analysis was performed using a series of probes produced from restriction fragments spanning the entire coding region of the HVS genome. This demonstrated that an adjacent set of genes containing open reading frames (ORFs) 71 to 73 are expressed in this stably transduced cell line. Moreover, these genes are transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA species produced from a common promoter upstream of ORF 73. This model may serve as a useful tool in the further analysis of the role of ORFs 71 to 73 in gamma-2 herpesvirus latency.
Small-size Silicon Photonic IQ modulator and low-power CMOS driver for next generation Coherent Transceivers (2013)

We report on the smallest Silicon Photonic modulator and lowest power Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Mach-Zehnder Modulator (CMOS MZM) Driver for next generation Coherent Transceivers. Bit-Error-Ratio (BER) characterization of this device demonstrates comparable performance relative to a commercial Lithium Niobate (LN) modulator and capability of highperformance transmission for long-haul applications.
Impaired Crkl Expression Contributes to the Defective DNA Binding of<i>Stat5b</i>in Nonobese Diabetic Mice (2006)

A point mutation in the Stat5b DNA binding domain in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse was shown to have weaker DNA binding compared with the B6 Stat5b. Here, we assessed the binding ability of the mutant Stat5b in the B6 genetic background (B6.NOD-c11) and the wild-type Stat5b in the NOD background (NOD.Lc11). To our surprise, the binding ability of Stat5b is inconsistent with the presence or absence of the Stat5b mutation in these congenic mice but is correlated with the expression levels of the Crkl protein, which was coprecipitated by an anti-Stat5b antibody. Both the expression of Crkl and the Stat5b binding ability are the highest in B6.NOD-c11 and the lowest in NOD while intermediate in B6 and NOD.Lc11 mice. We demonstrated that the adapter molecule Crkl can bind Stat5b and that the Crkl protein is a Stat5b binding cofactor. More importantly, profection of Crkl recombinant protein significantly increased Stat5b binding ability and rescued the binding defect of the NOD mutant Stat5b, suggesting that Crkl is a key regulatory molecule for Stat5b binding. Therefore, the defective Crkl expression may contribute to the development of diabetes in the NOD mice by exacerbating the defective Stat5b binding ability.