gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information Capacity and Transmission Are Maximized in Balanced Cortical Networks with Neuronal Avalanches (2011)

The repertoire of neural activity patterns that a cortical network can produce constrains the ability of the network to transfer and process information. Here, we measured activity patterns obtained from multisite local field potential recordings in cortex cultures, urethane-anesthetized rats, and awake macaque monkeys. First, we quantified the information capacity of the pattern repertoire of ongoing and stimulus-evoked activity using Shannon entropy. Next, we quantified the efficacy of information transmission between stimulus and response using mutual information. By systematically changing the ratio of excitation/inhibition (E/I) in vitro and in a network model, we discovered that both information capacity and information transmission are maximized at a particular intermediate E/I, at which ongoing activity emerges as neuronal avalanches. Next, we used our in vitro and model results to correctly predict in vivo information capacity and interactions between neuronal groups during ongoing activity. Close agreement between our experiments and model suggest that neuronal avalanches and peak information capacity arise because of criticality and are general properties of cortical networks with balanced E/I.
Split-ordered lists (2003)

We present the first lock-free implementation of an extensible hash table running on current architectures. It provides concurrent insert, delete, and search operations with an expected O(1) cost. It consists of very simple code, easily implementable using only load, store, and compare-and-swap operations. The new mathematical structure at the core of our algorithm is recursive split-ordering, a way of ordering elements in a linked list so that they can be repeatedly "split" using a single compare-and-swap operation. Empirical tests conducted on a large shared memory multiprocessor show that even in non-multiprogrammed environments, the new algorithm significantly outperforms the most efficient known lock-based algorithm at all concurrency levels, exhibiting up to four times higher throughput at peak load. The incremental nature of our algorithm makes it well suited for real-time applications, as it offers predictable performance without unexpected breaks for resizing.
Mutagenic Analysis of a Conserved Region of Domain III in the Cry1Ac Toxin of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (2002)

We used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the function of four alternating arginines located at amino acid positions 525, 527, 529, and 531 in a highly conserved region of domain III in the Cry1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis. We created 10 mutants: eight single mutants, with each arginine replaced by either glycine (G) or aspartic acid (D), and two double mutants (R525G/R527G and R529G/R531G). In lawn assays of the 10 mutants with a cultured Choristoneura fumiferana insect cell line (Cf1), replacement of a single arginine by either glycine or aspartic acid at position 525 or 529 decreased toxicity 4- to 12-fold relative to native Cry1Ac toxin, whereas replacement at position 527 or 531 decreased toxicity only 3-fold. The reduction in toxicity seen with double mutants was 8-fold for R525G/R527G and 25-fold for R529G/R531G. Five of the mutants (R525G, R525D, R527G, R529D, and R525G/R527G) were tested in bioassays with Plutella xylostella larvae and ion channel formation in planar lipid bilayers. In the bioassays, R525D, R529D, and R525G/R527G showed reduced toxicity. In planar lipid bilayers, the conductance and the selectivity of the mutants were similar to those of native Cry1Ac. Toxins with alteration at position 527 or 529 tended to remain in their subconducting states rather than the maximally conducting state. Our results suggest that the primary role of this conserved region is to maintain both the structural integrity of the native toxin and the full functionality of the formed membrane pore.
<i>Ehrlichia Platys</i>Infection and Disease in Dogs in Spain (1999)

spirochaetes in poultry flocks in Western Australia. Aust Vet J 74:319–321. 10. McClaren AJ, Trott DJ, Swayne DE, et al.: 1997, Genetic and phenotypic characterization of intestinal spirochetes colonizing chickens and allocation of known pathogenic isolates to three distinct genetic groups. J Clin Microbiol 35:412–417. 11. Messier S: 1992, Sensibilite in vitro d’isolats quebecois de Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae envers differents agents antibacteriens. Med Vet Que 22:32–34. 12. Messier S, Higgins R, Moore C: 1990, Minimal inhibitory concentrations of five antimicrobials against Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens. J Vet Diagn Invest 2:330– 333. 13. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: 1993, Methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria, approved standard, 3rd ed. vol. 13 (6). NCCLS, Villanova, PA. 14. Radostitis OM, Blood DC, Gay CC: 1994, Practical antimicrobial therapeutics. In: Veterinary Medicine, 8th ed., pp. 141–145. Bailliere Tindall, Philadelphia, PA. 15. Sagartz JE, Swayne DE, Eaton KA, et al.: 1992, Necrotizing typhlocolitis associated with a spirochete in rheas (Rhea americana). Avian Dis 36:282–289. 16. Stanton TB, Fournie-Amazouz E, Postic D, et al.: 1997, Recognition of two new species of intestinal spirochetes: Serpulina intermedia sp. nov. and Serpulina murdochii sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:1007–1012. 17. Stanton TB, Postic D, Jensen NS: 1998, Serpulina alvinipulli, sp. nov., a new Serpulina species enteropathogenic for chickens. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:669–676. 18. Swayne DE, Bermudez AJ, Sagartz JE, et al.: 1992, Association of cecal spirochetes with pasty vents and dirty eggshells in layers. Avian Dis 36:776–781. 19. Swayne DE, Eaton KA, Stoutenberg J, et al.: 1995, Identification of a new intestinal spirochete with pathogenicity for chickens. Infect Immun 63:430–436. 20. Swayne DE, McClaren AJ: 1997, Avian intestinal spirochaetes and avian intestinal spirochaetosis. In: Intestinal spirochaetes in domestic animals and humans, ed. Hampson DJ, Stanton TB, CAB International, NY, NY. pp 267–300. 21. Tanner AC: 1993, Antimicrobial drug use in poultry. In: Antimicrobial therapy in veterinary medicine, ed. Prescott JF, Baggot JD, 2nd ed., pp. 507–523. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. 22. Trampel DW, Jensen NS, Hoffman LJ: 1994, Cecal spirochetosis in commercial laying hens. Avian Dis 38:895–898. 23. Trott DJ, Stanton TB, Jensen NS, et al.: 1996, Serpulina pilosicoli sp. nov., the agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:206–215.
Generalized Bound on Quantum Dynamics: Efficiency of Unitary Transformations between Non-Hermitian States (1995)

We report a general bound for the efficiency of polarization or coherence transfer between quantized states under unitary transformations. This bound is more general than the so-called universal bound on spin dynamics [O. W. S\o{}rensen, J. Magn. Reson. 86, 435 (1990)] that applies only to transformations between Hermitian states. The new bound on transfer efficiency under unitary transformations between general non-Hermitian operators depends exclusively on the singular values of the matrix representations of these operators.
Genetic identification of the DNA binding domain of Escherichia coli LexA protein. (1992)

Two genetic approaches were taken to define the DNA binding domain of LexA protein, the repressor of the Escherichia coli SOS regulon. First, several dominant negative lexA mutants defective in DNA binding were isolated. The mutations altered amino acids in a region similar to the helix-turn-helix, a DNA binding domain of other repressors and DNA binding proteins. Second, the region encoding the predicted DNA recognition helix was subjected to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and mutant LexA proteins with altered or relaxed specificity for several recA operator positions were isolated. By examining the effects of a series of amino acid substitutions on repressor specificity, it was shown that a glutamic acid residue at position 45 in LexA protein is important for recognition of the first base pair (G.C) in the recA operator.
A Rapid House-Dust Allergen Test: Preliminary Results (1986)

Efficient and effective management of house-dust allergen in the home has been hampered by the costly and cumbersome methods used to assess allergen levels. A simple technique is described with which to evaluate the allergen content of house dust in the home environment by detecting its guanine level.
A 60-ns 1-Mb nonvolatile ferroelectric memory with a nondriven cell plate line write/read scheme (1996)

This paper proposes three circuit technologies for achieving mega-bit-class nonvolatile ferroelectric RAMs (NVFRAMs). The proposed nondriven cell plate line write/read scheme (NDP scheme) accomplishes fast write/read operation equivalent to that of DRAMs. Problems and countermeasures in introducing this scheme into NVFRAMs are also discussed. A proposed optimized C/sub B//C/sub S/ cell array design method provides a relationship between bit line capacitance C/sub B/ and memory cell capacitance C/sub S/, which must be satisfied for read operations. Also reported is a reference voltage generator circuit that uses a dummy memory cell. This circuit can generate an accurate reference voltage despite the variety of capacitors with differing characteristics that are contained in the NVFRAM. A 1-Mb NVFRAM prototype featuring the above technologies has been fabricated, using a 1.0-/spl mu/m CMOS process. This chip has an access time of 60 ns and a die size of 15.7/spl times/5.79 mm/sup 2/.
Photopheresis for Rheumatoid Arthritis<sup>a</sup> (1991)

For rheumatoid arthritis, an effective therapy with minimal toxicity would be welcome. In a six-month pilot study of seven patients with a variety of presentations and previous treatments, we tested a therapy involving the extracorporeal photoactivation of biologically inert methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) by ultraviolet A energy to a form that covalently cross-links lymphocyte DNA; the injured cells are returned to the patient. Prior experimental studies had indicated that this regimen produces an immune reaction against antigens on treated T Cells, and a clinical trial in cutaneous T cell lymphoma had been successful. The current patients were treated on two successive days monthly (or, later on, biweekly). Between 12 and 16 weeks of therapy there appeared to be a breakpoint after which joint counts and joint scores of four patients began to improve. In three of them, these measures eventually diminished by mean values of 71% and 80%, respectively, of their baseline values, along with variable improvement in less direct indicators of clinical response. The joints of the fourth patient improved modestly (by 33% and 59%, respectively, of baselines) but he required alternative therapy, and those of the remaining three patients did not improve. Mean slopes for the joint counts were significantly different from zero after the apparent breakpoint (but not before), whether one examined the four apparent responders (p = 0.01) or the entire group of seven (p = 0.01). After completion of therapy, there was also a delay, of two to three months, in the clinical deterioration of those who had improved. There was only one mechanical adverse effect--a single episode of transient hypotension in 102 treatment sessions--and no toxic ones. This preliminary study suggests that extracorporeal photochemotherapy may be effective at least in the short term in certain patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with less apparent toxicity than that of any of the drugs currently used for this disorder. It deserves further evaluation.
Automated Presentation of Slowly Changing Dimensions (2009)

On the subject of data warehousing, a lot of material is available on what needs to bedone to maintain a presentation area, but very little on how to do it. This paperpresents a structure and process for automatically maintaining and updating amultidimensional presentation area from a fully normalized data staging area. Thepaper also discusses a theoretical algorithm for finding the best division of slowlychanging dimension attributes into several groups based on how they changetogether.
Design and certification of a composite thin-walled structure for energy absorption (2007)

Thin-walled Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) energy-absorbing devices have been successfully used in premier racing leagues to drastically improve the crashworthiness of a vehicle. Since their introduction in Formula 1 (F1) in the second half of the 1990s, the Rear Impact (RIMP) attenuators have received particular attention and their utilisation has been documented in scholarly publications. The engineering development and certification of the RIMP of the Star Mazda Racecar is discussed in detail. Quasi-static and dynamic crush tests are performed on two RIMP designs, featuring very different stacking sequences, are experimentally investigated. While the overall behaviour is quite different, they both exhibit the ability to collapse in a stable, progressive fashion. Furthermore, although the overall shape of the load-stroke diagram, energy absorption characteristics and failure behaviour have shown very good agreement, the quasi-static test results tend to substantially overestimate the effective dynamic energy absorption characteristics. The final RIMP design is selected based on its higher energy absorption and friendlier manufacturing characteristics.
Temperature-Dependent Stability of Supported Five-Fold Twinned Copper Nanocrystals (2009)

The temperature-dependent structure transition of supported Cu nanocrystals on SrTiO3(001)-(2 x 1) is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We experimentally determine the phase map of supported Cu icosahedral, decahedral, and truncated octahedral nanocrystal shapes as a function of substrate temperature during Cu deposition. We show that a supported nanocrystal of 8500 atoms at a nucleation temperature of 480 degrees C has the same probability of adopting an icosahedral or octahedral shape.
Studies on Phosphomannose Isomerase (1968)

Phosphomannose isomerase, which has previously been shown to be a zinc-metalloenzyme (J. Biol. Chem., 243, 4109 (1968)), was studied with respect to the following points: (a) effect of substrate on inhibition by metal-binding agents, (b) effect of zinc on the nonenzymatic isomerization, (c) effect of pH on Michaelis constant and maximal velocity, and (d) affinity of substrate analogues acting as competitive inhibitors. The substrate mannose 6-phosphate was found to protect phosphomannose isomerase from inhibition by o-phenanthroline, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, or dithiothreitol, suggesting that the metal is located in the active center of the enzyme. Zinc was found also to accelerate the nonenzymatic conversion of mannose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and is believed to participate in a similar manner in both the nonenzymatic and the enzymatically catalyzed isomerization reactions. From the pH dependence of the kinetic parameters, pK values of 6.6 and 7.8 for the free enzyme and of 6.4 and 8.1 for the enzyme-substrate complex have been determined for two ionizable groups involved in substrate binding and catalysis; the pK values of 6.6 and 6.4 have been assigned to the imidazole group of a histidine residue. Analysis of the inhibition by substrate analogues indicates that the phosphate moiety of the substrate is required for binding and that substrate analogues in the open chain form bind more effectively to the enzyme than the corresponding cyclic compounds. A reaction mechanism is proposed in which the zinc coordinates with the carbonyl and hydroxyl oxygens on C-1 and C-2, thereby activating the hydrogen α to the carbonyl, which is abstracted by the nonprotonated nitrogen of an imidazole group to form the transient enediol intermediate.
Hypothalamic regulatory peptides in obese and lean Zucker rats (1991)

1. Hypothalamic concentrations of nine peptides with experimental effects on energy balance were compared in obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/?) male Zucker rats. To determine whether any peptide differences between obese and lean rats might be due to the overweight condition per se, separate groups of obese rats were food-restricted to reduce their body weight to lean values. 2. Concentrations of neuromedin B, a bombesin-like peptide, in the central hypothalamus were significantly higher in obese than in lean rats. This difference was not affected in food-restricted obese rats. 3. Hypothalamic levels of neuropeptide Y, an extremely potent central appetite stimulant, were similar in lean and freely fed obese rats but central hypothalamic levels of neuropeptide Y rose significantly in food-restricted obese rats. 4. These findings suggest that disturbances in hypothalamic neuromedin B concentrations may be involved in the obesity syndrome of the fa/fa Zucker rat. Increased central hypothalamic levels of neuropeptide Y in food-restricted rats suggest that this peptide may help to defend body weight by stimulating eating after weight loss.
Unusual pressure safety devices (2015)

This paper discusses the use of unusual safety devices for the prevention of failure in 'vessels', which may include enclosures, duct or pipework, or various occupied or unoccupied spaces. This mode of failure being due to internal pressure or vacuum conditions. Australian and other widely used Codes of Practice are primarily concerned with pressure vessels subject to statutory regulation, and it not the intention of this paper to address these issues. However, as practicing engineers we quite often encounter pressure safety situations which are not directly covered by these Codes. Common examples are the use of liquid seal pots, enclosure vents, and vacuum stability measures. In this article, examples are given, together with suggested design methodology.
EDOS: Edge Assisted Offloading System for Mobile Devices (2017)

Offloading resource-intensive jobs to the cloud and nearby users is a promising approach to enhance mobile devices. This paper investigates a hybrid offloading system that takes both infrastructure-based networks and Ad-hoc networks into the scope. Specifically, we propose EDOS, an edge assisted offloading system that consists of two major components, an Edge Assistant (EA) and Offload Agent (OA). EA runs on the routers/towers to manage registered remote cloud servers and local service providers and OA operates on the users' devices to discover the services in proximity. We present the system with a suite of protocols to collect the potential service providers and algorithms to allocate tasks according to user-specified constraints. To evaluate EDOS, we prototype it on commercial mobile devices and evaluate it with both experiments on a small-scale testbed and simulations. The results show that EDOS is effective and efficient for offloading jobs.
Utility of microsporidian rRNA in diagnosis and phylogeny: a review. (1994)

This paper summarizes work done in this laboratory over the last two years on the cloning of microsporidian rRNA by homology PCR and its subsequent use in diagnostic tests and phylogenetic studies. Using highly conserved primers in the 16S or small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) these genes were cloned from human intestinal biopsies with transmission electron microscopy proven Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Septata intestinalis. The SSU-rRNA genes were then used to design and test several primer pairs for the diagnosis of microsporidian infection. Utilizing the polymerase chain reaction and primers V1 and EB450 Ent. bieneusi infected duodenal aspirates or intestinal biopsies could be detected. Using V1 and SI500 infection with S. intestinalis could be detected. In addition to diagnostic tests, phylogenetic relationships were examined using sequence data from the fragment amplified by PCR by primer 530f in the SSU-rRNA and primer 580r in the large subunit rRNA. This data supported the placement of S. intestinalis in the family Encephalitozoonidae. In addition, it confirmed that Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. hellem and S. intestinalis are distinct organisms. These techniques have broad applications to the study of other microsporidia and the development of a molecular phylogeny.
Why <i>in vivo</i> may not equal <i>in vitro</i> – new effectors revealed by measurement of enzymatic activities under the same <i>in vivo</i>‐like assay conditions (2012)

Does the understanding of the dynamics of biochemical networks in vivo, in terms of the properties of their components determined in vitro, require the latter to be determined all under the same conditions? An in vivo-like assay medium for enzyme activity determination was designed based on the concentrations of the major ionic constituents of the Escherichia coli cytosol: K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), phosphate, glutamate, sulfate and Cl(-). The maximum capacities (V(max)) of the extracted enzymes of two pathways were determined using both this in vivo-like assay medium and the assay medium specific for each enzyme. The enzyme activities differed between the two assay conditions. Most of the differences could be attributed to unsuspected, pleiotropic effects of K(+) and phosphate. K(+) activated some enzymes (aldolase, enolase and glutamate dehydrogenase) and inhibited others (phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase), whereas phosphate inhibited all glycolytic enzymes and glutamine synthetase but only activated glutamine 2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase. Neither a high glutamate concentration, nor macromolecular crowding affected the glycolytic or nitrogen assimilation enzymes, other than through the product inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by glutamate. This strategy of assessing all pathway enzymes kinetically under the same conditions may be necessary to avoid inadvertent differences between in vivo and in vitro biochemistry. It may also serve to reveal otherwise unnoticed pleiotropic regulation, such as that demonstrated in the present study by K(+) and phosphate.
Etch challenges for 1xnm NAND flash (2012)

In recent years, NAND flash technology node has shrunk below to 1x nm patterning with significant progresses of double patterning technology (DPT) and spacer patterning technology (SPT). Plasma etching processes involved in the fabrication of advanced NAND flash device become increasingly challenging. As critical dimensions decrease, controlling of micro-loading and pattern wiggling such as line edge roughness (LER) and line width roughness (LWR) has become key issues. In order to define the fine pattern, plasma etch process regime has been changed to lower pressure and to higher plasma density below sub 40 nm. However, below 20 nm, it seems that control of pressure and plasma density is not enough. In an effort to overcome these huddles, pulsing plasma etch technology has been evaluated for 1x nm node. By using pulsing plasma we have obtained the improvement of etch selectivity and reduction of poly hard mask loss. In this study, we have found that pulse applied etching as well as film stack optimization is remarkably effective to reduce micro-loading and pattern wiggling.
Synthesis of 4<i>H</i>‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones and 4‐(3<i>H</i>)quinazolinones from anthranilic acids and their derivatives by the use of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine (1980)

Abstract A series of 2‐substituted 4 H ‐3,1‐benzoxazinones and 2,3‐disubstituted 4‐(3 H )quinazolinones have been synthesized in mild conditions by the use of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as cyclising medium. Benzox‐azinones are produced either by ring closure of 2‐(acylamino)benzoic acids or in the reaction of benzoic acid with anthranilic acids. In the presence of aniline, the reaction leads to quinazolinones.