gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BE ALERT FOR EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY (1998)

A joint project of the Federal Highway Administration and the Texas Transportation Institute called ALERT (Advanced Law Enforcement Response Technology) is helping public safety personnel work more efficiently by automating their data collection process. The ALERT system helps make the roadways safer for everyone by enabling a police officer to more quickly clear an accident scene, cutting data-collection time by 20-50%. The system is currently being tested in police vehicles in Bryan and College Station, Texas. The ALERT system has an onboard computer linked to a touch-screen display and a wireless handheld remote unit and provides the ability to integrate the control of various devices. All necessary citation and accident forms are stored electronically with the handheld unit. ALERT also enables an officer to independently access traffic and criminal records.
In Vivo Immunogenic Response to Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Role of Preactivated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cotransplanted with Allogeneic Islets (2017)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into cells from the mesenchymal lineage. The hypoimmunogenic characteristic of MSCs has encouraged studies using allogeneic MSCs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions. Promising preclinical results and the safety of allogeneic MSC transplantation have created the possibility of "off-the-shelf" clinical application of allogeneic cells. This study has aimed to evaluate the survival of untreated and IFN-<i>γ</i>- and TNF-<i>α</i>-treated (preactivated) allogeneic MSCs transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompetent mice together with the role of preactivated MSCs after cotransplantation with allogeneic islets. The preactivation of MSCs upregulated the gene expression of anti-inflammatory molecules and also enhanced their immunomodulatory capacity in vitro. In vivo, allogeneic MSCs provoked an immunogenic response, with the infiltration of inflammatory cells at the transplant site and full graft rejection in both the untreated and preactivated groups. Allogeneic islets cotransplanted with preactivated MSCs prolonged graft survival for about 6 days, compared with islet alone. The present results corroborate the hypothesis that allogeneic MSCs are not immune-privileged and that after playing their therapeutic role they are rejected. Strategies that reduce allogeneic MSC immunogenicity can potentially prolong their in vivo persistence and improve the therapeutic effects.
Fatigue Scales and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Issues of Sensitivity and Specificity (2011)

Few studies have explored issues of sensitivity and specificity for using the fatigue construct to identify patients meeting chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) criteria. In this article, we examine the sensitivity and specificity of several fatigue scales that have attempted to define severe fatigue within CFS. Using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we found most scales and sub-scales had either significant specificity and/or sensitivity problems. However, the post-exertional subscale of the ME/CFS Fatigue Types Questionnaire (Jason, Jessen, et al., 2009) was the most promising in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Among the more traditional fatigue scales, Krupp, LaRocca, Muir-Nash, and Steinberg's (1989) Fatigue Severity Scale had the best ability to differentiate CFS from healthy controls. Selecting questions, scales and cut off points to measure fatigue must be done with extreme care in order to successfully identify CFS cases.
Application of polymeric nanoparticles in immunotherapy (2012)

In the last decades, significant progress in research and clinics has been made to offer possible innovative therapeutics for the management of infectious diseases and cancer. Polymeric nanoparticles are particularly adept at facilitating immunotherapeutic approaches because they can be engineered to have different physical properties, encapsulated agents, and surface ligands. Moreover, these systems are administrable for all routes, are capable of being actively taken up by dendritic cells and have shown promising potential in systemic and mucosal immunotherapy. Here, some recent findings on these systems, in their potential applications for infectious and cancer immunotherapy, are reported.
Folylpoly-.gamma.-glutamates as cosubstrates of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (1979)

N10-Formyltetrahydropteroylpoly-gamma-glutamates (N10-formyl-H4PteGlun) having n = 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 glutamyl residues have been tested as cosubstrates of the purine biosynthesis enzyme 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (AICAR transformylase) of chicken liver. The cosubstrates were synthesized by solid-phase synthesis, reduced catalytically, and formylated; a purified enzyme preparation was used and assayed spectrophotometrically following the deltaOD at 298 nm resulting from conversion of the formylated folate to the free tetrahydro form. Km values and Vm values determined at saturating concentrations of AICAR and at 25 and 150 mM KC1 were used to calculate the relative specificity constants Vm/Km for the N10-formyl-H4PteGlun. At physiologic [K+] (150 mM) they were 1.0, 52, 250, 93, 120, and 59 and at the lower (25 mM) [K+] the relative specificity constants were 1.0, 64, 78,34, 48, and 37 for n = 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively. The poly-gamma-glutamates are clearly the preferred cosubstrates, particularly when tested at physiologic [K+]. The maximal relative specificity constant observed with N10-formyl-H4PteGlu4 supports the hypothesis that regulation of certain pathways of one-carbon metabolism may operate via alterations of the poly-gamma-glutamyl chain length. No inhibition by the unnatural (d) isomers of the N10-formyl-H4PteGlun was observed.
A retinomorphic vision system (1996)

This system uses neurobiological principles to accomplish the major operations of biological retinae: continuous sensing, local automatic gain control, spatiotemporal bandpass filtering, and adaptive sampling.
Turbulence Measurements in a Multistage Low-Pressure Turbine (1989)

The flow in the rotor blades of a five-stage low-pressure turbine was investigated experimentally using hot-film probes. Time averaging, Fourier transforms, and ensemble averaging are applied for data reduction. The techniques prove to be a very helpful instrument for the assessment of the flow characteristics in the relative frame. A strong interaction is identified between two successive rows of rotor blades. A physical model, developed from velocity and turbulence results, gives a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The main parameter is the nonuniformity of the flow entering the downstream blade row. Separation occurs when the wake of the upstream rotor blades enters the blade passage near the leading edge, preferably on the pressure side. The interaction is quasi-steady in the relative frame and rotates with the rotor speed. It was observed only in one of three investigated blade rows. Further studies are necessary to identify the mechanism correlating the nonuniformity to the separation.
Antigen-induced in vitro antibody production in humans: a model for B cell activation and immunoregulation. (1981)

The precise events associated with B cell activation in humans are a subject of intense investigation. It has been difficult to develop an in vitro model of antigen-specific triggering of antibody synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that is independent of exogenous mitogens. In the present study a sensitive and reproducible culture system and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have been established wherein antigen alone is used to trigger antigen-specific antibody synthesis by mononuclear cells from subjects immunized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The in vitro antigen-induced anti-KLH response is comparable in magnitude to that induced by pokeweed mitogen, is predominantly IgM in isotype, and is accompanied by a simultaneous increase in polyclonal antibody production. Anti-KLH responses were seen at in vitro KLH concentrations as low as 0.05 microgram/ml. However, concentrations of KLH greater than 5 microgram/ml resulted in profound suppression of the anti-LHL response while continuing to trigger large amounts of total polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis. This suppression by high concentrations of antigen was also observed in pokeweed mitogen-driven anti-KLH production. These observations are consistent with previous results from the mouse model showing a close association between antigen-specific and polyclonal responses and the phenomenon of antigen-induced, antigen-specific suppression. Thus, an in vitro model of antigen induction of antigen-specific antibody synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been demontrated and should prove useful in exploring the mechanism of human B cell activation and immunoregulation.
Discovery of a Covalent Inhibitor of KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> (AMG 510) for the Treatment of Solid Tumors (2019)

KRASG12C has emerged as a promising target in the treatment of solid tumors. Covalent inhibitors targeting the mutant cysteine-12 residue have been shown to disrupt signaling by this long-“undruggable” target; however clinically viable inhibitors have yet to be identified. Here, we report efforts to exploit a cryptic pocket (H95/Y96/Q99) we identified in KRASG12C to identify inhibitors suitable for clinical development. Structure-based design efforts leading to the identification of a novel quinazolinone scaffold are described, along with optimization efforts that overcame a configurational stability issue arising from restricted rotation about an axially chiral biaryl bond. Biopharmaceutical optimization of the resulting leads culminated in the identification of AMG 510, a highly potent, selective, and well-tolerated KRASG12C inhibitor currently in phase I clinical trials (NCT03600883).
A Simple Improvement of the Work-stealing Scheduling Algorithm (2010)

Work-stealing is todays algorithm of choice for dynamic load-balancing of irregular parallel applications on multiprocessor systems. We have evaluated the algorithm's efficiency on a variety of workloads, including scatter-gather workloads, which occur in common algorithms such as MapReduce. We have discovered that work-stealing scheduling suffers serious scalability problems with fine-grained parallelism because of contention over run-queues. We therefore propose a simple modification to the work-stealing algorithm that significantly improves its performance on scatter-gather workloads, without any negative impact on other types of workloads.
Prolonged impairment of very late activating antigen-mediated T cell proliferation via the CD3 pathway after T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (1994)

One of the major obstacles in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is prolonged T cell dysfunction resulting in a variety of infectious complications in the months to years after hematologic engraftment. We previously showed that immobilized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin (FN), the CS-1 domain of FN, or collagen (CO) acted synergistically with immobilized anti-CD3 to induce T cell proliferation. In addition, the comitogenic effect of ECMs could be mimicked by immobilized mAb reactive with a common beta 1 chain (CD29) of very late activating (VLA) antigens which include ECM receptors. Since the interaction of T cells with ECMs appears to play an important role in the process of T cell reconstitution following allo-BMT, we examined the expression of VLA antigens (alpha 1-alpha 6, beta 1) and their functional roles in CD3-mediated T cell proliferation at various times after T cell depleted allo-BMT. VLA beta 1 as well as VLA alpha 4, alpha 5, and alpha 6 expression was lower than normal controls during the first 3 mo after allo-BMT and auto-BMT, whereas these expressions returned to normal levels by 4 mo after allo-BMT and auto-BMT. Although alpha 1 and alpha 2 were not expressed on lymphocytes from normal controls, these antigens were expressed on lymphocytes at the detectable levels (5-15%) from patients after allo-BMT and auto-BMT. Both CD29 and CD3 were expressed at normal levels on lymphocytes from patients > 3 mo after allo-BMT, whereas T cell interaction with ECM through VLA proteins or crosslinking of VLA beta 1 expressed by T cells with anti-CD29 mAb results in poor induction of CD3-mediated T cell proliferation for a prolonged period (> 1 yr) after allo-BMT. In contrast, T cell proliferation induced by crosslinking of anti-CD2 or anti-CD26 with anti-CD3 was almost fully recovered by 1 yr post-allo-BMT. After autologous BMT, impaired VLA-mediated T cell proliferation via the CD3 pathway after auto-BMT returned to normal levels within 1 yr despite no significant difference in CD3 and CD29 expression following either allo- or auto-BMT. The adhesion of T cells from post-allo-BMT patients to FN-coated plate was normal or increased compared to that of normal controls. Moreover, the induction of the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp105 protein by the ligation of VLA molecules was not impaired in allo-BMT patients. These results suggest that there are some other defects in the process of VLA-mediated signal transduction in such patients. Our results imply that disturbance of VLA function could explain, at least in part, the persistent immunoincompetent state after allo-BMT and may be involved in susceptibility to opportunistic infections after allo-BMT.
Choosing optimal wavelength for photodynamic therapy of port wine stains by mathematic simulation (2011)

Many laser wavelengths have been used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for port wine stains (PWS). However, how these wavelengths result in different PDT outcomes has not been clearly illuminated. This study is designed to analyze which wavelengths would be the most advantageous for use in PDT for PWS. The singlet oxygen yield in PDT-treated PWS skin under different wavelengths at the same photosensitizer dosage was simulated and the following three situations were simulated and compared: 1. PDT efficiency of 488, 532, 510, 578, and 630 nm laser irradiation at clinical dosage (100 mW∕cm(2), 40 min); 2. PDT efficiency of different wavelength for PWS with hyperpigmentation after previous PDT; 3. PDT efficiency of different wavelengths for PWS, in which only deeply located ectatic vessels remained. The results showed that singlet oxygen yield is the highest at 510 nm, it is similar at 532 nm and 488 nm, and very low at 578 nm and 630 nm. This result is identical to the state in clinic. According to this theoretical study, the optimal wavelength for PDT in the treatment of PWS should near the absorption peaks of photosensitizer and where absorption from native chromophores (haemoglobin and melanin) is diminished.
Extension of the range of recognition sequences for triple helix formation by oligonucleotides containing guanines and thymines. (1991)

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing G and T can bind to homopurine.homopyrimidine sequences on double-stranded DNA by forming C.G x G and T.A x T base triplets. The orientation of the third strand in such triple helices depends on the number of GpT and TpG steps. Therefore a single oligonucleotide can be designed to bind to two consecutive homopurine.homopyrimidine sequences where the two homopurine stretches alternate on the two strands of DNA. The oligonucleotide switches from one homopurine strand to the other at the junction between the two sequences. This result shows that it is possible to extend the range of DNA sequences that can be recognized by a single oligonucleotide.
Effect of Rosiglitazone on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death from Cardiovascular Causes (2007)

Rosiglitazone was associated with a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction and with an increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular causes that had borderline significance. Our study was limited by a lack of access to original source data, which would have enabled time-to-event analysis. Despite these limitations, patients and providers should consider the potential for serious adverse cardiovascular effects of treatment with rosiglitazone for type 2 diabetes.
Associations of Yeasts with Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii; Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Cherries and Raspberries (2012)

A rich history of investigation documents various Drosophila-yeast mutualisms, suggesting that Drosophila suzukii similarly has an association with a specific yeast species or community. To discover candidate yeast species, yeasts were isolated from larval frass, adult midguts, and fruit hosts of D. suzukii. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) technology and decimal dilution plating were used to identify and determine the relative abundance of yeast species present in fruit juice samples that were either infested with D. suzukii or not infested. Yeasts were less abundant in uninfested than infested samples. A total of 126 independent yeast isolates were cultivated from frass, midguts, and fruit hosts of D. suzukii, representing 28 species of yeasts, with Hanseniaspora uvarum predominating. This suggests an association between D. suzukii and H. uvarum that could be utilized for pest management of the highly pestiferous D. suzukii.
Arg-Gly-Asp recognition by a cell adhesion receptor requires its 130-kDa alpha subunit. (1987)

A major Arg-Gly-Asp-directed receptor on M21 human melanoma cells is a heterodimer of alpha and beta chains which under reducing conditions have molecular masses of 130 and 105 kDa, respectively. This receptor is one member of a large family of cell adhesion receptors that shares antigenic determinants with the vitronectin receptor of fibroblasts and the platelet IIb X IIIa complex. Both subunits of the M21 cell adhesion receptor acquire high mannose-type oligosaccharides that are processed before transport to the cell surface. In addition, the alpha chain undergoes a proteolytic cleavage step. Pulse-chase immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrates that, following its synthesis, the beta chain remains unbound to alpha chain for 1-2 h and in this free form is unable to bind an Arg-Gly-Asp containing heptapeptide. Conversely, the biosynthetic precursor of the alpha chain is fully capable of binding the Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptide immediately after its synthesis. Thus, Arg-Gly-Asp recognition by one member of this cell adhesion receptor family requires its 130-kDa alpha chain which appears to be functional prior to post-translational modifications.
Protectin D1 <sub>n-3 DPA</sub> and resolvin D5 <sub>n-3 DPA</sub> are effectors of intestinal protection (2017)

The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) that limit the host response within the affected tissue; failure of effective resolution may lead to tissue injury. Because persistence of inflammatory signals is a main feature of chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), herein we investigate expression and functions of SPM in intestinal inflammation. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabololipidomics was used to identify SPMs from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human IBD colon biopsies, quantifying a significant up-regulation of the resolvin and protectin pathway compared with normal gut tissue. Systemic treatment with protectin (PD)1<sub>n-3 DPA</sub> or resolvin (Rv)D5<sub>n-3 DPA</sub> protected against colitis and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation in mice. Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase activity reduced PD1<sub>n-3 DPA</sub> and augmented intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis. Intravital microscopy of mouse mesenteric venules demonstrated that PD1<sub>n-3 DPA</sub> and RvD5<sub>n-3 DPA</sub> decreased the extent of leukocyte adhesion and emigration following ischemia-reperfusion. These data were translated by assessing human neutrophil-endothelial interactions under flow: PD1<sub>n-3 DPA</sub> and RvD5<sub>n-3 DPA</sub> reduced cell adhesion onto TNF-α-activated human endothelial monolayers. In conclusion, we propose that innovative therapies based on n-3 DPA-derived mediators could be developed to enable antiinflammatory and tissue protective effects in inflammatory pathologies of the gut.
An experimental investigation on the aerodynamic drag coefficient and surface roughness properties of sport textiles (2013)

The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of surface roughness of textiles used in higher speed sports on aerodynamic properties such as drag. Data acquired using cylindrical methodology is used to quantify the relationship between the aerodynamic drag coefficient and Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 1.0 × 105 to 2.4 × 105 for different sports textiles with relative roughness (ϵ) between 2.58 × 104 and 7.38 × 104. The findings indicate that a textile with high roughness value (ϵ = 5.42 × 104) produces minimum drag coefficient at low Re than textiles with low roughness value (ϵ = 4.73 × 104). Correlations among the minimum drag coefficient, critical Reynolds numbers and relative roughness of textile surfaces are also established.
Trisomy 2q11.2-->q21.1 resulting from an unbalanced insertion in two generations. (1998)

In this communication, we describe two cases of proximal 2q trisomy (2q11.2--> q21.1) resulting from an interchromosomal insertion. The chromosomal origin of the insertion was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. An unbalanced karyotype, 46,XX,der(8) ,ins(8;2) (p21.3; q21.1q11.2), was found in the proband and her mother, who both have mild mental retardation, short stature, dysmorphic features, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and a psychotic illness. This family is a rare example of direct transmission of a partial autosomal trisomy.
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy on chip (2008)

In this paper we report on an integrated spectrometer device, fabricated in epoxy resist (SU-8) on silicon, designed for Raman spectroscopy and direct coupling to a CCD element. Furthermore a nanostructured surface is prepared on a gold coated silicon chip to enhance the Raman signal. We show examples of low resolution Surface Enhanced Raman Spectra (SERS) recorded with this chip and provide an outlook on the future possibilities. Traditional optical detection in Lab-on-Chip devices often requires sample pretreatment including chemical reactions in order to identify and detect a certain substance (e.g. attachment of a fluorescent marker). The basic idea in bringing Raman spectroscopy to the chip is to avoid these chemical reactions and directly enable identification of the substance by its Raman spectrum. Two different methods were used to prepare the nanostructured surfaces. The first method is based on an aqueous suspension of gold nanoparticles and polystyrene beads deposited on a gold surface. The suspension was dried and the polystyrene beads were removed using an appropriate solvent (methane dichloride). The second approach includes gold coated random silicon nanostructures so-called "black silicon". The surfaces were characterized using a commercial Raman spectrometer and the enhancement factor was found to be strongly dependant on the concentration on the sample surface. The surface was impregnated with a droplet (10 μl, 100 μM) of Rhodamin 6G and Nileblue respectively. Using the on-chip spectrometer we have recorded surface enhanced Raman spectra of Nileblue and Rhodamin 6G respectively. The results show that these systems are suitable for low cost extremely compact Raman sensors with possible applications reaching from process monitoring to homeland security and point of care devices.