gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Telechelic Fluoropolymers with Well-Defined Functional End Groups for Cross-Linked Networks and Nanocomposites (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Telechelic Fluoropolymers with Well-Defined Functional End Groups for Cross-Linked Networks and NanocompositesKun Li, Siwei Liang, Yingying Lu, and Qing WangView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Cite this: Macromolecules 2007, 40, 12, 4121–4123Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2007Publication History Received20 March 2007Revised3 May 2007Published online12 May 2007Published inissue 1 June 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma070676fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma070676frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1223Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Fluoropolymers,Functional groups,Hydrocarbons,Oxides,Thin films Get e-Alerts
A CYTOCHEMICAL SECTION BIOASSAY FOR PLASMA TRILOSTANE: AN ORALLY ACTIVE INHIBITOR OF 3β‐HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY (1984)

Trilostane is a competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in vitro and an orally active inhibitor of steroidogenesis in vivo. A cytochemical section bioassay for this drug (4 alpha, 5-epoxy-17 beta-hydroxy-3-oxo-5 alpha-androstane-2 alpha-carbonitrile) in human plasma has been developed. The assay is based upon the inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity in the corpus luteum of unfixed tissue sections (6 micron) of the mature dioestrous rat ovary. Trilostane is extracted from plasma by a simple chloroform procedure. The standard curve (0.15-2.5 mumol/l pure trilostane) exhibits a four-fold change in 3 beta-HSD activity and is constructed in the presence of extract from control plasma pools. The detection limit of the plasma assay is 2 mumol/l trilostane after allowing for dilution effects and recovery losses. This level gives a significantly different response from the zero quality control (P less than 0.05) and has an inter-assay coefficient of variation of less than 15%. No false positives have been recorded to date and the majority of samples from subjects receiving therapeutic doses of the drug have levels of greater than 2 mumol/l. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation using both plasma quality controls and unknown samples are 4% (n = 15) and 13.9% (n = 27) respectively. Recovery is 80 +/- 9% (n = 13) and 79 +/- 10% (n = 10) for plasma quality controls containing 12 and 4.8 mumol/l trilostane respectively. Dilutions (up to 1:5) of plasma extracts are parallel to the standard curve and the assay throughput is approximately 16 samples/week technician.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Net2Vec: Quantifying and Explaining How Concepts are Encoded by Filters in Deep Neural Networks (2018)

In an effort to understand the meaning of the intermediate representations captured by deep networks, recent papers have tried to associate specific semantic concepts to individual neural network filter responses, where interesting correlations are often found, largely by focusing on extremal filter responses. In this paper, we show that this approach can favor easy-to-interpret cases that are not necessarily representative of the average behavior of a representation. A more realistic but harder-to-study hypothesis is that semantic representations are distributed, and thus filters must be studied in conjunction. In order to investigate this idea while enabling systematic visualization and quantification of multiple filter responses, we introduce the Net2Vec framework, in which semantic concepts are mapped to vectorial embeddings based on corresponding filter responses. By studying such embeddings, we are able to show that 1., in most cases, multiple filters are required to code for a concept, that 2., often filters are not concept specific and help encode multiple concepts, and that 3., compared to single filter activations, filter embeddings are able to better characterize the meaning of a representation and its relationship to other concepts.
Morphology-controlled ZnO particles from an ionic liquid precursor (2009)

The ionic liquid precursor tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH) acting as the reactant precursor and the solvent is demonstrated to be effective for synthesis of ZnO particles with controlled morphologies: hollow ZnO rods, flower-like ZnO particles constructed by rods with nanoparticle subunits and porous ZnO microspheres assembled from ZnO nanoplates. The formation mechanism of the synthesized particles is discussed according to the experimental results. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is measured to reveal the optical property of the as-obtained products.
Robust image transmission with bidirectional synchronization and hierarchical error correction (2001)

We present a novel joint-source and channel image-coding scheme for noisy channel transmission. The proposed scheme consists of two innovative components: (1) intelligent bidirectional synchronization and, (2) layered bit-plane error protection. The bidirectional synchronization is able to recover the coding synchronization when any single or even when two consecutive synchronization codes are corrupted by the channel noise. With synchronized partition, unequal error protection for each bit plane can be designed based on the analysis of bit-plane error sensitivity for compressed image data transmission over noisy channels. Experimental results over extensive channel simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the well-known approach proposed by Sherwood and Zeger (see IEEE Signal Processing Lett., vol.4, p.189-91, 1997).
Adsorption and Decomposition of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate on Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Nanoparticles (2007)

Experimental studies explore the adsorption and decomposition pathways of the nerve agent simulant, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), on Y2O3 nanoparticles with mean diameters of 6 and 2 nm. DMMP adsorption on Y2O3 was studied in an ultrahigh vacuum surface science instrument with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Uptake probability measurements reveal an initial sticking probability near unity, while vibrational spectroscopy indicates that adsorbed DMMP dissociates via cleavage of a P−OCH3 bond to form a bridging O−P−O surface species. The extent of DMMP decomposition is found to increase as the particle size decreases, suggesting that edge, corner, and defect sites play a major role in the outcome of the gas−surface interaction.
<i>TP53</i>Mutation is an Independent Prognostic Marker for Poor Outcome in Both Node-negative and Node-positive Breast Cancer (2000)

TP53 gene-mutation and protein expression of p53 are described as being of prognostic importance for the outcome of breast cancer. The present study was therefore carried out to evaluate whether TP53 mutation would be a feasible prognostic marker in the routine diagnostic evaluation of breast cancer, and, in particular, to analyse the relationship between TP53 mutation and nodal status. Tumour material was obtained from women with sporadic early breast cancer. Gene mutations in exon 2-11 were identified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as the initial scanning procedure and characterized by sequencing. All patients were treated according to the guidelines of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group for the DBCG 89 protocols. The results were correlated with clinico-pathological parameters and the prognosis evaluated by uni- and multivariate analysis using local control, freedom from distant metastasis, disease-free survival, and overall survival as endpoints. The study included 294 patients. TP53 mutations were found in 23% of cases. Mutations were significantly more frequent in tumours from patients who were node-positive and with tumours characterized as being ductal, large of size, with a high degree of anaplasia, and oestrogen receptor negative. Using univariate analysis, it was found that distant metastasis, disease-free, and overall survival were correlated to tumour size, nodal status, degree of anaplasia, oestrogen receptor status, and TP53 mutation. In addition, overall survival was also correlated to age and menopausal status. When analysed according to nodal status, TP53 mutation was found to have a significantly poor survival probability in each of the subgroups. A Cox proportional hazard analysis, including all 294 patients, demonstrated that positive nodal status and TP53 mutation were the only parameters that had an independent poor influence on the risk of developing distant metastasis and reduced recurrence-free survival. The same factors together with postmenopausal status were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of death. TP53 mutation is a strong marker for the prediction of overall and disease-free survival in breast cancer, irrespective of nodal status. A better understanding of the role of the p53 pathway, including analysis of different types of TP53 mutations, is required in order further to investigate the prognostic potential of this marker.
Dietary fiber, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis. (1982)

Despite the physiochemical complexity of dietary fibers (plant cell walls) and their individual components, there is substantial epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental evidence that these dietary components may have a role in modifying certain risk factors in coronary heart disease. Particulate fibers, such as wheat bran, do not appear to significantly alter plasma lipids or lipoprotein distributions in humans, or the atherogenicity of diets in experimental animals. Dietary fibers found in fruits, legumes, and vegetables, in contrast, show more definitive responses. Among the fiber isolates, the gelling and mucilaginous fibers, such as pectins and guar gum, predictably decrease circulating lipids in humans and animals and increase excretion of fecal metabolites of cholesterol, the bile acids. These fibers and fiber components can be shown to influence luminal solubility of lipids and the extent of lymphatic absorption of both cholesterol and triglyceride. In addition, these same fibers are effective in reducing postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and other hormones. These direct effects on lipid absorption, and secondary effects of glucose and insulin on hepatic and peripheral lipoprotein metabolism, can account for many of the hypolipidemic responses to specific dietary fibers or their components, and may be of long-term consequence in coronary heart disease.
The role of a slow channel inhibitor, verapamil, in the management of hypertension. (1982)

1. The 'Oxford' system for continuous monitoring of the ambulatory blood pressure was used to assess the changes in blood pressure following therapy with the slow channel inhibitor, verapamil. 2. Sixteen patients were studied on no therapy and following a minimum of 6 weeks therapy (dose range 120-160 mg t.d.s.). During each study patients underwent standardized physological tests including tilt, isometric handgrip and dynamic bicycle exercise. 3. Verapamil was demonstrated to produce a consistent reduction of blood pressure over most of the 24 h period studied but this was most marked during the day. Heart rate was also reduced. 4. There was no postural hypotension and the absolute responses to dynamic and isometric exercise were reduced. 5. The results demonstrate the antihypertensive efficacy of 'slow channel inhibitors' as represented by verapamil.
Electrode and Electrolyte Materials for Polymer‐Based Lithium Batteries (1989)

Polymer‐based lithium batteries have attracted considerable interest in recent years. Presently, both ionically and electronically conducting polymers are available, and thus fully polymeric batteries are possible. The characteristics and properties of polymer electrolytes and polymer electrodes are examined here, and an evaluation of their applicability in electrochemical devices of practical interest is discussed.
Micromagnetic track profile asymmetries in dual magnetoresistive heads (1991)

An appropriate 3-D micromagnetic model of a shielded, finite stripe height, dual element magnetoresistive (MR) head is developed. It is shown that asymmetric bias profiles in the cross track direction arise from uniform bias magnetic fields. These asymmetric bias profiles appear in addition to the previously reported anisotropic signal flux propagation that occurs with respect to MR sensor width edges. For the case studied, the peak response of the dual MR sensor is 1.5 times that for the single film. Peak-to-peak voltage asymmetry varies considerably for the single-film MR as the line source alignment is changed. However, the differential sensor exhibits very small peak asymmetry for all alignments. Finally, it is shown that for the case studied, the 50% amplitude track width of the dual MR sensor is about 26% broader than that for the single MR response curve.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The clinical use of buprenorphine in opiate addiction: evidence and practice (2004)

Buprenorphine is a partial μ-opioid receptor agonist that is being increasingly used in clinical practice in the treatment of opioid dependence in the UK, USA, and, elsewhere. Its unique pharmacological properties mean it is a relatively safe drug, it can be given by alternate day dispensing, and it is associated with relatively mild symptoms on withdrawal. The interpretation of the research literature on buprenorphine is however, complex, and often appears to be in conflict with how buprenorphine is used in clinical practice. This article describes these apparent contradictions, their likely explanations, and how these may further inform our clinical practice. The article also describes the clinically relevant pharmacological properties of buprenorphine, compares it to methadone, relates the evidence to clinical experience, and provides practical advice on how to manage the most common clinical techniques. The best quality evidence suggests that very rapid buprenorphine induction is not associated with a higher drop-out rate than methadone, that buprenorphine is probably as good as methadone for maintenance treatment, and is superior to methadone and α-2 adrenergic agonists for detoxification. However, buprenorphine cannot yet be considered the 'gold standard' treatment for opiate dependence because of the higher drop-out rates that may occur on induction using current techniques, its high-cost relative to methadone, and because the place of buprenorphine in treatment is still continuing to evolve.
Clinical Significance of the Loss of <b> <i>KiSS-1</i> </b> and Orphan G-Protein–Coupled Receptor (<b> <i>hOT7T175</i> </b>) Gene Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2004)

Loss of KiSS-1 or hOT7T175 gene expression may be an important biomarker for detection of lymph node metastasis in ESCC.
Flow visualization of aircraft in flight by means of Background Oriented Schlieren using Celestial Objects (2017)

The Background Oriented Schlieren using Celestial Objects series of flights was undertaken in the spring of 2016 at National Aeronautics and Space Administration Armstrong Flight Research Center to further develop and improve a flow visualization technique which can be performed from the ground upon flying aircraft. Improved hardware and imaging techniques from previous schlieren tests were investigated. A United States Air Force T-38C and NASA B200 King Air aircraft were imaged eclipsing the sun at ranges varying from 2 to 6 nautical miles, at subsonic and supersonic speeds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Calpain Inhibitory Activity of α‐Ketoamides with 2,3‐Methanoleucine Stereoisomers at the P<sub>2</sub> Position. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cyclic tensile stretch modulates proteoglycan production by intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus cells through production of nitrite oxide (2003)

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is the main pathophysiological process implicated in low back pain and is a prerequisite to disc herniation. Clinically, mechanical forces are important modulators of the degeneration, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not known and needs investigation to identify the biological target. The aim of this work was to study, at the molecular level, the effects of cyclic tensile stretch (CTS) on the production of proteoglycan by intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus cells since proteoglycans seem to be implicated in the dynamic process of intervertebral disc degeneration. Such cells of rabbit were cultured at high density on plates with a flexible bottom. CTS was applied with use of a pressure-operated instrument to deform the plates. With CTS at 1% elongation (1 Hz frequency), the level of (35)S-labeled neosynthesized proteoglycans that accumulated in the cellular pool or were secreted in the culture medium did not change, but at 5% elongation, the level was significantly reduced after 8 h of stimulation (30 and 21%, respectively) and further reduced at 24 h (43 and 41%, respectively). Introducing the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide had no effect on this result. Neither aggrecan and biglycan expression nor proteoglycan physical properties were modified. The level of nitrite oxide production significantly increased by 3.5 times after 8 h of 5% elongation. Introducing the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors N(G)-methyl-l-arginine or N-omega nitro-l-arginine diminished the effects of CTS on the production of nitrite oxide and proteoglycans. By contrast, introducing N-iminoethyl-l-lysine (a more specific inhibitor of inductible NOS [iNOS]) had little or no effect. Taken together, these results suggest that cNOS activation seems to be more implicated in the 5% CTS modulation of proteoglycan production than iNOS activation. These results suggest that CTS can help regulate the intervertebral disc matrix by decreasing proteoglycan production through a post-translational regulation involving nitrite oxide. This result could be of interest in the development of local therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling intervertebral disc degeneration.
Radiolabeled Cholinesterase Substrates: <i>In Vitro</i> Methods for Determining Structure-Activity Relationships and Identification of a Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceutical for <i>In Vivo</i> Measurement of Butyrylcholinesterase Activity (2001)

There is currently great interest in developing radiolabeled substrates for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase that would be useful in the in vivo imaging of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Using a simple in vitro spectrophotometric assay for determination of enzymatic cleavage rates, the structure-activity relationship for a short series of 1-methyl-4-piperidinyl esters was investigated. Relative enzymatic hydrolysis rates for the well-characterized 1-methyl-4-piperidinyl acetate, propionate, and i-butyrate esters were in agreement with literature values. The 4 and 5 carbon esters of 1-methyl-4-piperidinol were specific for butyrylcholinesterase and cleaved in the rank order n-valerate > n-butyrate >> 2-methylbutyrate, iso-valerate. These spectrophotometric results were also in agreement with in vitro hydrolysis rates in mouse blood and with in vivo regional retention of radioactivity in mouse brain of 11C-labeled analogs. Brain uptake and apparent enzymatic rate constants for 1-[11C]methyl-4-piperidinyl n-butyrate and n-valerate were calculated from in vivo measurements in M. nemistrina using positron emission tomography. Based on higher brain uptake of radioactivity and superior pharmacokinetics, 1-[11C]methyl-4-piperidinyl n-butyrate was identified as a new radiopharmaceutical for the in vivo measurement of butyrylcholinesterase activity.
Construction, characterization, and complementation of a Puf- mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1988)

A Puf- strain of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (PUFB1) was constructed by deleting a portion of the proximal region of the puf operon and inserting a kanamycin resistance gene cartridge. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that in PUFB1, the defective copy of the puf operon had replaced, through homologous recombination, the normal chromosomal copy. The Puf- phenotype was characterized by the inability of PUFB1 to grow photoheterotrophically (PS-), the lack of detectable puf-specific transcripts, the absence of the light-harvesting I complex and, by inference, the reaction center spectral complex, and greatly reduced levels of the light-harvesting II complex. The PS+ phenotype was restored to PUFB1 when a 13-kilobase BamHI restriction endonuclease fragment containing the entire puf operon and flanking regions was cloned into the broad-host-range plasmid vector RK2 derivative pRK404 and introduced by conjugation into PUFB1. In these complemented strains, there was an increased number of copies of the puf operon (four to six copies per defective chromosomal copy) as the result of plasmid copy number. However, there was no concomitant increase in either the specific bacteriochlorophyll content or the level of puf-specific transcripts when these strains were grown photoheterotrophically.