gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated testing technique for evaluating performance of chemical air filters for DUV photolithographic equipment (1999)

In this paper, the authors discuss the requirements for chemical air filtration system used in conjunction with modern DUV photolithography equipment. Among the topics addressed are the scope of pollutants, their respective internal and external sources, and an overview of different types of filtration technologies currently in use. Key filtration parameters, including removal efficiency, service life, and spill protection capacity, are discussed and supported by actual data, reflection the total molecular base concentration in operational IC manufacturing facilities. The authors also describe a time-accelerated testing procedure for comparing and evaluating different filtration technologies and designs, and demonstrate how this three-day test procedure can reliably predict an effective filter service life up to ten years.
Optimized Product Quantization for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (2013)

Product quantization is an effective vector quantization approach to compactly encode high-dimensional vectors for fast approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search. The essence of product quantization is to decompose the original high-dimensional space into the Cartesian product of a finite number of low-dimensional subspaces that are then quantized separately. Optimal space decomposition is important for the performance of ANN search, but still remains unaddressed. In this paper, we optimize product quantization by minimizing quantization distortions w.r.t. the space decomposition and the quantization codebooks. We present two novel methods for optimization: a non-parametric method that alternatively solves two smaller sub-problems, and a parametric method that is guaranteed to achieve the optimal solution if the input data follows some Gaussian distribution. We show by experiments that our optimized approach substantially improves the accuracy of product quantization for ANN search.
Fabrication of high-power piezoelectric transformers using lead-free ceramics for application in electronic ballasts (2013)

CuO is doped into (Na(0.5)K(0.5))NbO(3) (NKN) ceramics to improve the piezoelectric properties and thus obtain a piezoelectric transformer (PT) with high output power. In X-ray diffraction patterns, the diffraction angles of the CuO-doped NKN ceramics shift to lower values because of an expansion of the lattice volume, thus inducing oxygen vacancies and enhancing the mechanical quality factor. A homogeneous microstructure is obtained when NKN is subjected to CuO doping, leading to improved electrical properties. PTs with different electrode areas are fabricated using the CuO-doped NKN ceramics. Considering the efficiency, voltage gain, and temperature rise of PTs at a load resistance of 1 kΩ, PTs with an electrode with an inner diameter of 15 mm are combined with the circuit design for driving a 13-W T5 fluorescent lamp. A temperature rise of 6°C and a total efficiency of 82.4% (PT and circuit) are obtained using the present PTs.
<title>Aspects of image recognition in Vivid Technologies' dual-energy x-ray system for explosives detection</title> (1993)

The Vivid Rapid Explosives Detection Systems is a true dual energy x-ray machine employing precision x-ray data acquisition in combination with unique algorithms and massive computation capability. Data from the system's 960 detectors is digitally stored and processed by powerful supermicro-computers organized as an expandable array of parallel processors. The algorithms operate on the dual energy attenuation image data to recognize and define objects in the milieu of the baggage contents. Each object is then systematically examined for a match to a specific effective atomic number, density, and mass threshold. Material properties are determined by comparing the relative attenuations of the 75 kVp and 150 kVp beams and electronically separating the object from its local background. Other heuristic algorithms search for specific configurations and provide additional information. The machine automatically detects explosive materials and identifies bomb components in luggage with high specificity and throughput, X-ray dose is comparable to that of current airport x-ray machines. The machine is also configured to find heroin, cocaine, and US currency by selecting appropriate settings on-site. Since January 1992, production units have been operationally deployed at U.S. and European airports for improved screening of checked baggage.
Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. I. Alcohols and Phenols (2004)

The effects of temperature and space time on the transformation over a HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst of several model components of the liquid product obtained by the flash pyrolysis of vegetable biomass (1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, phenol, and 2-methoxyphenol) have been studied. The transformation of alcohols follows a route similar to that of methanol and ethanol toward the formation of hydrocarbon constituents of the lumps of gasoline and light olefins. Phenol and 2-methoxyphenol have a low reactivities to hydrocarbons, and the deposition of coke of thermal origin caused by the condensation of 2-methoxyphenol is noticeable. The generation of catalytic coke and the deactivation by this cause attenuate as the space time and water content in the feed are increased. To avoid the irreversible deactivation of the HZSM-5 zeolite, operations must be carried out at a temperature below 400 °C. Above this temperature, the increase in product aromaticity is also significant.
PREDICTION OF TERNARY VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA FROM BINARY DATA (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPREDICTION OF TERNARY VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA FROM BINARY DATAMichael J. Holmes and Matthew Van. WinkleCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1970, 62, 1, 21–31Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50721a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1617Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Computing Dense Displacement Fields With Confidence Measures In Scenes Containing Occlusion (1985)

Matching successive frames of a dynamic image sequence using area correlation has been studied for many years by researchers in machine vision. Most of these efforts have gone into improving the speed and the accuracy of correlation matching algorithms. Yet, the displacement fields produced by these algorithms are often incorrect in homogeneous areas of the image and in areas which are visible in one frame, but are occluded in the succeeding frames. Further, these displacement fields are often incorrect even at non-occluded areas that border occlusion boundaries. In this paper, we present a confidence measure which indicates the reliability of each displacement vector computed by a specific hierarchical correlation matching algorithm. We also provide an improved hierarchical matching algorithm which performs particularly well near occlusion boundaries. We demonstrate these with experiments performed on real image sequences taken in our robotics labaratory. A more detailed version of this work appears in (Anan84).
Potential of High-purity Polycrystalline Silicon Carbide for Thermistor Applications (1998)

This report concerns with a new material for thermistors, which consists of an undoped, polycrystalline, ultrahigh-purity chemical vapor deposition silicon carbide wafer. The resistance-temperature characteristic was measured from 25°C to 365°C. A good fit to the thermistor equation was observed and the thermistor B constant was 4845 K. These wafers are thermally and chemically stable, homogeneous and pure. They might be useful for fabrication of sensitive thermistors with stability and reproducibility of characteristics.
MGAN: Training Generative Adversarial Nets with Multiple Generators (2018)

© Learning Representations, ICLR 2018 - Conference Track Proceedings.All right reserved. We propose in this paper a new approach to train the Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) with a mixture of generators to overcome the mode collapsing problem. The main intuition is to employ multiple generators, instead of using a single one as in the original GAN. The idea is simple, yet proven to be extremely effective at covering diverse data modes, easily overcoming the mode collapsing problem and delivering state-of-the-art results. A minimax formulation was able to establish among a classifier, a discriminator, and a set of generators in a similar spirit with GAN. Generators create samples that are intended to come from the same distribution as the training data, whilst the discriminator determines whether samples are true data or generated by generators, and the classifier specifies which generator a sample comes from. The distinguishing feature is that internal samples are created from multiple generators, and then one of them will be randomly selected as final output similar to the mechanism of a probabilistic mixture model. We term our method Mixture Generative Adversarial Nets (MGAN). We develop theoretical analysis to prove that, at the equilibrium, the Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) between the mixture of generators’ distributions and the empirical data distribution is minimal, whilst the JSD among generators’ distributions is maximal, hence effectively avoiding the mode collapsing problem. By utilizing parameter sharing, our proposed model adds minimal computational cost to the standard GAN, and thus can also efficiently scale to large-scale datasets. We conduct extensive experiments on synthetic 2D data and natural image databases (CIFAR-10, STL-10 and ImageNet) to demonstrate the superior performance of our MGAN in achieving state-of-the-art Inception scores over latest baselines, generating diverse and appealing recognizable objects at different resolutions, and specializing in capturing different types of objects by the generators.
Fabrication of optical waveguiding layer in LiTaO3 by Cu diffusion (1974)

Thermal diffusion and electrodiffusion of Cu into LiTaO3 have been investigated. By an appropriate choice of diffusion conditions, a single-mode waveguiding layer has been fabricated using the electrodiffusion method. The refractive-index change at the surface is 5×10−3 for both ne and no and the diffusion depth is about 4 μm. The layer supports only the fundamental modes TE0 and TM0, and exhibits good waveguiding properties.
The Discovery of Novel Small Molecule Non‐Peptide Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor Antagonists. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonitis (1987)

During the past year, the number of deaths from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in the United States exceeded the combined number of deaths from meningococcal infections, all types of viral hepatitis and encephalitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, varicella, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, amebiasis, shigellosis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, typhus fevers, cholera, rabies, brucellosis, anthrax, tularemia, botulism, and malaria. More patients died of P. carinii pneumonitis than of all types of tuberculosis. The rapidly escalating prevalence of this pneumonitis is due in great part to the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Also, because of advances in medical practice, the population of . . .
Monitoring and control of micro-hole electrical discharge machining. (2007)

This research advances the state-of-the-art micro-hole EDM drilling. Sub-ns monitoring and analysis of EDM pulses, adaptive fuzzy logic EDM process control and its application on deep and small diameter micro-hole EDM drilling, form measurement of micro-holes and gage R&R study, and the multi-stage EDM drilling for negative tapered micro-holes are developed. Monitoring the gap voltage and current in micro-hole EDM with 0.5 ns sampling period is conducted and a new phenomenon of pre-discharging current, an extremely short duration of current rise (20 to 30 ns) before the voltage drops for discharging, is discovered. A model based on the <italic>RLC</italic> circuit is developed to study the ringing effect, the voltage oscillation occurring at the end of discharges. An adaptive fuzzy logic controller using average gap voltage, deviation of spark ratio, and change of deviation of spark ratio as input parameters is developed in this research. Two commercial micro-hole EDM machines are selected as platforms for the implementation and validation of this fuzzy logic controller, which is then compared with the existing controllers, using pulse width modulation (PWM) and gain scheduling, of the two platforms. Experimental results show that the fuzzy logic controller can generate more stable and consistent EDM drilling process and is more adaptive to different EDM configurations, such as deep (2.3 mm thick workpiece with 150 mum diameter electrode) and small diameter (75 mum diameter electrode with 1.14 mm thick workpiece) micro-hole EDM drilling. The form measurement of micro-holes and the gage repeatability and reliability (R&R) test are conducted in this research using a multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Capable tolerance specifications for micro-holes, derived from the gage R&R study, are valuable for product engineers to specify tolerances for measurable micro-holes and for metrology engineers to further improve the gage capability. At last, a multi-stage micro-hole EDM drilling technique is developed in this research to produce negative tapered micro-holes. This new EDM drilling technique can effectively and consistently fabricate 1.14 mm deep negative tapered micro-holes with inlet and outlet diameter difference larger than 15 mum.
A High-resolution Δ-Modulator ADC with Oversampling and Noise-shaping for IoT (2018)

This paper proposes a novel high-resolution delta-modulator with oversampling and noise-shaping suitable for industrial IoT systems. “Inspired by” a SAR ADC, this architecture uses an integrator in the digital domain, instead of the usual SAR logic. Combining adaptive-step delta-modulation with the adopted low/medium-resolution DAC scheme, an energy efficient A/D converter architecture is proposed, presenting encouraging results in comparison with the reported SAR algorithms. Behavioral simulations demonstrate a dynamic performance of 88 dB of SNDR, corresponding to an ENOB of 14.3 bits, for a 1 MHz input signal bandwidth and using an oversampling-ratio of 64.
Effects of Yeast on Automated Cell Counting (2006)

We studied the effects of yeast in peripheral blood samples on results reported by an ADVIA 120/2120 Hematology System (Bayer HealthCare, Diagnostics Division, Tarrytown, NY). In a simulated candidemia model, very high concentrations (1-5 x 10(8) colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) of Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis caused a spuriously elevated platelet count. No such effect was observed with Candida albicans. All 3 yeast species, when present at a concentration of 1-5 x 10(6) CFU/mL or greater, increased the automated WBC counts significantly and in a dose-dependent manner. The yeast cells were mainly misidentified as lymphocytes. All spurious results were flagged by the cell counter for microscopic review. We conclude that although the presence of yeast in a blood sample can interfere with the ADVIA 120/2120 Hematology System, compromised results are appropriately flagged by the instrument and are seen only when the yeast concentration is very high.
Growth inhibition, cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (2002)

Glucosinolates (GL) can inhibit, retard or reverse experimental multistage carcinogenesis. When brassica plant tissue is broken, GLs are hydrolyzed by the endogenous enzyme myrosinase (Myr), releasing many products including isothiocyanates (ITC). Synthetic ITCs like sulforaphane exert chemopreventive effects against chemically induced tumors in animals, modulating enzymes required for carcinogens' activation/detoxification and/or the induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cell lines. To investigate the chemopreventive potential of ITCs while reproducing the circumstances of dietary contact with sulforaphane, we studied proliferation, apoptosis induction and p53, bcl-2 and bax protein expression in Jurkat T-leukemia cells by sulforaphane, the ITC generated in situ in a quantitative manner by Myr starting from glucoraphanin (GRA). Jurkat cells were treated with different doses of GRA-Myr mixture. Effects on cell growth or survival were evaluated by counting trypan blue-excluding cells. Cell-cycle progression, apoptosis and expression of p53, bax and bcl-2 proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results were analyzed by two-sided Fisher's exact test. Sulforaphane, but not GRA, caused G(2)/M-phase arrest (P = 0.028) and increase of apoptotic cell fraction (P < 0.0001) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Necrosis was observed after prolonged exposure to elevated sulforaphane doses. Moreover, it markedly increased p53 and bax protein expression, and slightly affected bcl-2 expression. These findings indicate that sulforaphane but not the native GL GRA can exert both protective and toxic effects inhibiting leukemic cell growth. Sulforaphane therefore deserves study as a potential chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic antileukemic agent.
Horizon volumes with interpreted constraints (2015)

ABSTRACT Horizons are geologically significant surfaces that can be extracted from seismic images. Color coding of horizons based on amplitude or other attributes can help reveal ancient sedimentary environments and structural features. Extracted horizons are also used for building structure models and stratigraphic interpretations. We propose two methods for constructing seismic horizons aligned with reflectors in a 3D seismic image. The first method generates horizons one at a time; the second method generates an entire volume of horizons at once by first computing a relative geologic time volume from seismic normal vectors. Rather than gradually building a horizon by extending one or more seed points to a surface along seismic reflectors, both of our methods generate whole horizons at once by solving partial differential equations derived from seismic normal vectors. The most significant new aspect of both methods is the ability to specify, perhaps interactively during interpretation, a small number of control points that may be scattered throughout a 3D seismic image. Experiments revealed that with our method, control points enable the extraction of more accurate horizons from seismic images in which noise, unconformities, and faults are apparent. These points represent constraints that we implemented as preconditioners in the conjugate gradient method used to construct horizons.
Review of bemiparin sodium – a new second-generation low molecular weight heparinand its applications in venous thromboembolism (2003)

Bemiparin sodium (Hibor, Ivor, Zivor, Badyket, Laboratorios Farmaceuticos Rovi SA) is a new second-generation low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Bemiparin has the lowest mean molecular weight (3600 Da), the longest half-life (5.3 h) and the largest antifactor Xa:antifactor IIa ratio (8:1) of all LMWHs. Bemiparin promotes a greater release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor than unfractionated heparin (UFH) or dalteparin. These properties could result in a more favourable efficacy:safety ratio than the currently marketed LMWHs. Bemiparin 2500 IU/day was as effective as UFH for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in moderate risk abdominal surgery. Bemiparin 3500 IU/day significantly reduced VTE compared to UFH in high-risk hip replacement surgery. Bemiparin 3500 IU/day started postoperatively was as effective as enoxaparin 4000 IU/day started preoperatively in total knee arthroplasty, with a trend towards a lower rate of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism and symptomatic VTE. In patients with acute DVT, bemiparin was more effective than UFH in thrombus mass reduction and at least as effective as UFH for the prevention of clinical recurrence. Bemiparin was as effective as UFH for clot prevention during haemodialysis. The use of bemiparin was associated with a lower incidence of major and minor bleeding as compared to UFH in abdominal surgery. When compared with enoxaparin in orthopaedic surgery, a lower rate of complications at injection site was observed.
Expanding our Understanding of Black Americans’ Experiences of Workplace Incivility (2016)

Over the last decade there has been increasing interest in incivility in the workplace. Workplace incivility has been defined as low-level, ambiguous, negative behaviors which are rude and discourteous and display a lack of regard for others (Andersson & Pearson, 1999). It has been suggested that incivility may, in some instances, be a manifestation of racism in the workplace (Cortina, 2008). However, research on the relationship between race and incivility has produced equivocal findings. One explanation for the lack of support may stem from the manner in which incivility has been conceptualized. To date, the majority of research on incivility has been conducted using samples predominately comprised of white Americans. Few studies have specifically explored how Black Americans conceptualize and experience incivility. This omission may contribute to a conceptualization of incivility that is incomplete. To address this gap, qualitative interviews were conducted to begin to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how incivility is experienced by Black Americans in the workplace. The results suggest that the current conceptualization and definition of incivility may need to be expanded and refined to better reflect the experiences of Black Americans. Further, this research provides an important step towards better understanding incivility as a potential manifestation of contemporary racism.
Novel ferroelectric epitaxial (Ba,Sr)TiO/sub 3/ capacitor for deep sub-micron memory applications (1997)

A novel ferroelectric capacitor cell was developed using a (Ba,Sr)TiO/sub 3/ (BSTO)/SrRuO/sub 3/ (SRO) heteroepitaxial technique on Si and strontium titanate substrates. Distinct ferroelectricity results from the c-axis being elongated due to lattice mismatch between the dielectric and electrode. The epitaxial BSTO capacitor showed distinct ferroelectricity even at 30 nm thickness, which is the thinnest ferroelectric film so far. Its superior ferroelectric properties, reliability, and sub-micron silicon process compatibility were confirmed.