gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Keratinocytes contribute to normal cold and heat sensation (2020)

Keratinocytes are the most abundant cell type in the epidermis, the most superficial layer of skin. Historically, epidermal-innervating sensory neurons were thought to be the exclusive detectors and transmitters of environmental stimuli. However, recent work from our lab (Moehring et al., 2018) and others (Baumbauer et al., 2015) has demonstrated that keratinocytes are also critical for normal mechanotransduction and mechanically-evoked behavioral responses in mice. Here, we asked whether keratinocyte activity is also required for normal cold and heat sensation. Using calcium imaging, we determined that keratinocyte cold activity is conserved across mammalian species and requires the release of intracellular calcium through one or more unknown cold-sensitive proteins. Both epidermal cell optogenetic inhibition and interruption of ATP-P2X4 signaling reduced reflexive behavioral responses to cold and heat stimuli. Based on these data and our previous findings, keratinocyte purinergic signaling is a modality-conserved amplification system that is required for normal somatosensation in vivo.
Effect of an Acidified Milk on Diarrhoea and the Carrier State in Infants of Low Socio‐Economic Stratum (1989)

The effect on diarrhoeal disease of an acidified, modified powdered cow's milk infant formula (Pelargon) was evaluated in 82 infants (Group I) for six months; 104 infants who received the same formula but non acidified, served as controls (Group II). Nutritional status remained satisfactory in both groups throughout the observation period. Some children rejected the taste of the acidified milk. The incidence of diarrhoea was lower in Group I (p less than 0.001). The proportion of days in which the children suffered from acute diarrhoea, and the duration of the episodes were also lower in the children given the acidified milk (p less than 0.001). The rate of detection of enteropathogens and the species identified were comparable in both groups. Carrier rates for bacterial enteropathogens fell over time in Group I while they rose in Group II (p less than 0.001). Carrier rates for enteric parasites were comparable to those expected in our setting for this age group. These results suggest that acidified milk exerts a protective effect against diarrhoeal disease.
Construction of A New Class of Linear Multivariate Public Key Cryptosystem, K(I)SE(1)PKC. (2009)

In this paper, we present a new class of linear multivariate PKC referred to as K(I)SE(1)PKC. We shall show that K(I)SE(1)PKC, a linear multivariate PKC, can be sufficiently secure against any linear transformation attack due to the probabilistic structure. We show that the probabilistic structure can be successfully introduced by the use of the Chinese Remainder Theorem.
A Novel Session Recovery Mechanism for Cluster-based Signaling Architecture for Conferencing in MANETs (2007)

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are networks that do not require pre-configuration. Nodes in MANETs are arbitrarily connected with wireless links. Detecting and handling link/node failures is a challenging issue in MANETs. Many solutions have been proposed. However, only a few of them can be directly used at the application layer. Conferencing in MANETs includes a set of 'killer' applications, such as audio/video conferencing, gaming and distance- learning. Signaling is a critical component of conferencing. It handles conference session's initiation, modification and termination. We have recently proposed a cluster-based signaling architecture for conferencing in MANETs. However the architecture does not address the unintentional departures of participants from the conference caused by link and/or node failures. This paper aims at tackling this issue. A novel session recovery mechanism is proposed. It is based on the well known concept of heartbeat. We modeled and partially validated the recovery formalism using Promela/SPIN.
A Study of Super Junction Trench Gate IGBT with Fully Self-Aligned Fabrication Technology (2015)

ABSTRACTThe main targets of this paper are decrease the on-resistance (power dissipation) and increase breakdown voltage of the super junction trench gate insulated gate bipolar transistor (SJ-TGIGBT) by designing new device structure combined with control and optimising the key fabrication technology parameters. We proposed a new trench gate IGBT with super junction structure in its n drift region, which exhibits a strongly improved relationship of device's on-resistance with its blocking voltage. The on-resistance of SJ-TGIGBT is 1.25 power related to the thickness of its n drift region and linearly related to its breakdown voltage, which eliminated the 2.5 power of breakdown voltage relationship of on-resistance for conventional IGBT. An accurate control of impurity concentration of n drift region in the trench sidewall is important to achieve the performance of proposed SJ-TGIGBT, and tilted angle ion implantation is considered to be the most suitable method for the doped impurity fine controllability, so we optimized the trench sidewall doping by adjusting the ion implantation dosage and its implanted tilted angles. The proposed SJ-IGBTs are fabricated with designed silicides fully self-aligned technology using only four masks. The fabricated chips are measured with correct output I–V characteristics, the measured threshold voltage is 3.05–5.57 V, blocking voltage is 1130–1280 V. The measured results also confirmed that the reduction in on-resistance is about 12% compared with the conventional non-SJ IGBT, and more than 34% compared with the silicon limit of non-SJ metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices with a 1200 V voltage rating.KEYWORDS: drift regionfabricationfully self-aligned technologymaskresearchsilicidessuper junction structuretrench gate IGBT AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Prof. J. Q. Han and senior engineering Mr X. L.Wang in TSMC for their valuable support and feedback. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (no. 51377025).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingNational Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [grant number 51377025]Notes on contributorsShoucai YuanShoucai Yuan was born in March 24, 1963. He received the BS degree in 1985 and the PhD degree in 2003 from Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an ShaanXi, China. He received the MS degree in 1988 from ShaaXi Microelectronics Institute, ShaanXi, China. His majored interests include semiconductor devices / power semiconductor devices, microelectronics research, computer equipments and semiconductor devices/VLSI circuits design. He is currently an employee of GanNan Normal University as a microelectronics researcher and undergraduate and graduate course teacher at GanZhou, JiangXi, China.E-mail: yuanshoucai@gnnu.edu.cnYamei LiuYamei Liu was born in November 1, 1963. She is currently an employee of GanNan Normal University. She is as an assistant of this research.E-mail: yameiliu63000@gnnu.edu.cn
Perinuclear Mitochondrial Clustering Creates an Oxidant-Rich Nuclear Domain Required for Hypoxia-Induced Transcription (2012)

Mitochondria can govern local concentrations of second messengers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial translocation to discrete subcellular regions may contribute to this signaling function. Here, we report that exposure of pulmonary artery endothelial cells to hypoxia triggered a retrograde mitochondrial movement that required microtubules and the microtubule motor protein dynein and resulted in the perinuclear clustering of mitochondria. This subcellular redistribution of mitochondria was accompanied by the accumulation of ROS in the nucleus, which was attenuated by suppressing perinuclear clustering of mitochondria with nocodazole to destabilize microtubules or with small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of dynein. Although suppression of perinuclear mitochondrial clustering did not affect the hypoxia-induced increase in the nuclear abundance of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) or the binding of HIF-1α to an oligonucleotide corresponding to a hypoxia response element (HRE), it eliminated oxidative modifications of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) promoter. Furthermore, suppression of perinuclear mitochondrial clustering reduced HIF-1α binding to the VEGF promoter and decreased VEGF mRNA accumulation. These findings support a model for hypoxia-induced transcriptional regulation in which perinuclear mitochondrial clustering results in ROS accumulation in the nucleus and causes oxidative base modifications in the VEGF HRE that are important for transcriptional complex assembly and VEGF mRNA expression.
Content of the neurotoxins cycasin (methylazoxymethanol β‐D‐glucoside) and BNLAA (β‐ <i>N</i> ‐methylamino‐L‐alanine) in cycad flour prepared by Guam Chamorros (1992)

Exposure to cycad seed kernel is an etiologic factor for the western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC). Traditionally processed cycad flours (n = 17) obtained from Chamorro residents of Guam and the adjacent island of Rota at risk for neurodegenerative disease were extracted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for content of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and methyl-azoxymethanol beta-D-glucoside (cycasin). Cycasin (detection limit: picomole) was present in concentrations of 0.004 to 75.93 micrograms/g (mean, 12.45 +/- 5.0 micrograms/g), and levels of BMAA (detection limit: subpicomole) ranged from 0.00 to 18.39 micrograms/g (mean, 5.44 +/- 1.56 micrograms/g). On average, cycasin content was approximately 10 times higher than that of BMAA. The largest concentrations of cycasin were found in samples from villages with a high reported prevalence of ALS/PDC. Ingestion of cycad-derived food would result in estimated human exposure to milligram amounts of cycasin per day. The cytotoxic properties of cycasin merit consideration in relation to the etiology of western Pacific ALS/PDC.
A freeze-drying process for fabrication of polymeric bridges for peripheral nerve regeneration (1988)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1988.
Ovule development in seeded and seedless grapes (2017)

Female gametophyte and early embryo and endosperm development were examined in 3 seedless grape varieties, Himrod, Interlaken Seedless and N. Y. 15302, and in their seeded parent Ontario. • A high proportion of functional embryo sacs was found at full bloom in all varieties. • Fertilization occurred in all varieties. • Precocious initiation of endosperm was observed with Himrod and extremely rapid development of endosperm was found with N. Y. 15302. • Early degeneration of zygotes, failure of the zygotes to divide, and endosperm degeneration were observed in the seedless varieties with smallest seed remnants, Himrod and Interlaken Seedless. • Imperfect development of the zygote and endosperm resulted in seed abortion (stenospermy) and seedless fruit (stenospermocarpy) in Himrod and Interlaken Seedless varieties.
Duration and Specificity of Humoral Immune Responses in Mice Vaccinated with the Alzheimer's Disease-Associated <i>β</i> -Amyloid 1-42 Peptide (2001)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by overproduction of beta-amyloid (Abeta), which is formed from amyloid precursor protein (APP), with the subsequent pathologic deposition of Abeta in regions of the brain important for memory and cognition. Recently, vaccination of murine models of AD that exhibit Abeta deposition has halted or delayed the usual progression of the pathology of AD. Our group has demonstrated that vaccination of a doubly transgenic mouse model (expressing mutant APP and presenilin-1) with the Abeta 1-42 peptide protects these mice from the memory deficits they would ordinarily develop. This report further characterizes the Abeta 1-42 peptide vaccine in mice. Anti-Abeta response time course analysis indicated that at least three vaccinations (each 100 microg) were necessary to elicit a significant anti-Abeta titer. Subsequent vaccinations resulted in half-maximal antibody titers of at least 10,000, and these titers were maintained for at least 5 months after the final boost. Peptide binding competition studies indicated that the highest humoral responses are generated against the N terminus of the Abeta peptide. Also, measurement of specific murine Ig isotypes in Abeta-vaccinated mice demonstrated a predominant IgG(1) and IgG(2b) response, suggesting a type 2 (Th2) T-helper cell immune response, which drives humoral immunity. Finally, lymphocyte proliferation assay experiments using Abeta peptides and splenocytes from vaccinated mice demonstrated that the vaccine specifically stimulates T-cell epitopes present within the Abeta peptide.
Modeling of customer retrial phenomenon in cellular mobile networks (1997)

In the planning of modern cellular mobile communication systems, the impact of customer behavior has to be carefully taken into account. Two models dealing with the call retrial phenomenon are presented. The first model considers a base station with a finite customer population and repeated attempts. A Markov chain modeling is proposed, and an efficient recursive solution of the state probabilities is presented. The second model focuses on the use of the guard channel concept to prioritize the handover traffic. Again, the retrial phenomenon plays an important role. The influence of the repeated attempt effect on the quality of service experienced by the mobile customers is discussed by means of numerical results.
CULTURE AND MENTAL HEALTH: CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES (1961)

"CULTURE AND MENTAL HEALTH: CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES." Canadian Journal of Corrections, 3(1), pp. 101–102
The virtual world gets physical: perspectives on personalization (2001)

MusicFX and GroupCast illustrate some benefits possible from extending the personalization of electronic content in the virtual world to applications in the physical world. Utilizing individual preferences in the physical world, particularly in public spaces, infringes on people's privacy more than it does in the virtual world, where it is easier to maintain different addresses and aliases that can shield or mask personal details from online interactions. However, the use of these preferences in a group context, where some degree of plausible deniability exists, may diminish people's concerns. If sufficient benefits are provided - think of a world without "elevator music" - people might even embrace the technologies that will make adaptive environments possible.
Personalizing the home network experience using cloud-based SDN (2014)

Home networks are becoming increasingly rich in devices and applications, but continue to share the broadband link in a neutral way. We believe the time is ripe to personalize the home network experience, allowing a household to differentiate its users (e.g. father's laptop prioritized over kid's iPad) and services (e.g. video streaming prioritized over downloading). In this paper we argue that SDN provides a way to automate self-customization by households, while cloud-based delivery simplifies subscriber management. We develop an architecture comprising a cloud-based front-end portal and SDN-based back-end APIs, and show how these can be used by the subscriber to improve streaming-video (YouTube) quality and video conferencing (Skype) experience, and to permit device-specific parental controls (e.g. Facebook access). We prototype and validate our solution in a platform comprising the Floodlight controller and OVS switches. Lastly, we evaluate our solutions via experiments of realistic scenarios to quantify the benefits in terms of improved quality of experience and new features for the user.
A new target for proteasome inhibitors: FoxM1 (2010)

Oncogenic transcription factor FoxM1 is upregulated in a majority of human cancers, suggesting that growth of cancer cells may depend on FoxM1 activity. A short time ago, it has been shown that proteasome inhibitors simultaneously inhibit FoxM1 expression and induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. This effect may explain specificity of proteasome inhibitors to induce apoptosis in cancer, but not in normal cells. Now, it is critical to determine the role of suppression of FoxM1 in apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibitors and to establish how significant the inhibition of FoxM1 is for the anticancer activity of proteasome inhibitors.
Pancreatic β-cell identity, glucose sensing and the control of insulin secretion (2015)

Insulin release from pancreatic β-cells is required to maintain normal glucose homoeostasis in man and many other animals. Defective insulin secretion underlies all forms of diabetes mellitus, a disease currently reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Although the destruction of β-cells is responsible for Type 1 diabetes (T1D), both lowered β-cell mass and loss of secretory function are implicated in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emerging results suggest that a functional deficiency, involving de-differentiation of the mature β-cell towards a more progenitor-like state, may be an important driver for impaired secretion in T2D. Conversely, at least in rodents, reprogramming of islet non-β to β-cells appears to occur spontaneously in models of T1D, and may occur in man. In the present paper, we summarize the biochemical properties which define the 'identity' of the mature β-cell as a glucose sensor par excellence. In particular, we discuss the importance of suppressing a group of 11 'disallowed' housekeeping genes, including Ldha and the monocarboxylate transporter Mct1 (Slc16a1), for normal nutrient sensing. We then survey the changes in the expression and/or activity of β-cell-enriched transcription factors, including FOXO1, PDX1, NKX6.1, MAFA and RFX6, as well as non-coding RNAs, which may contribute to β-cell de-differentiation and functional impairment in T2D. The relevance of these observations for the development of new approaches to treat T1D and T2D is considered.
Campylobacter pylori. Diagnosis and treatment. (1989)

There is now a plethora of methods to diagnose colonization of the human stomach with Campylobacter pylori, such as microbiological culture on various media, identification of C. pylori in biopsies or biopsy smears using various stains or neurological methods, serological demonstration of specific anti-C. pylori antibodies, measuring urease activity with one of the many urease tests or using the 13C- or 14C-urea breath test. Therapy should be directed at permanent eradication of the organism. Eradication should only be diagnosed when no C. pylori organisms are demonstrable several weeks after the end of any therapy. The eradication rate with monotherapy is rather low. Combining colloidal bismuth subcitrate with an antibiotic improves the results. At present, triple therapy with colloidal bismuth subcitrate, amoxycillin or tetracycline, and metronidazole or tinidazole results in an eradication rate of over 80%. Bismuth seems to be essential in preventing antibiotic resistance formation.
Synthesis of captopril labeled with <sup>2</sup>H, <sup>3</sup>H, <sup>14</sup>C, or <sup>35</sup>S (1988)

Abstract Three routes for the synthesis of labeled captopril are described. The preferred route can be selected with regard to the desired position of the label. The chemical and radio‐chemical stability of captopril is discussed. An isotope effect was found in the IR spectrum when the side chain carbonyl carbon was labeled with carbon‐14.
Production of Bulk Amorphous Mg<SUB>85</SUB>Y<SUB>10</SUB>Cu<SUB>5</SUB> Alloy by Extrusion of Atomized Amorphous Powder (1994)

Amorphous Mg85Y10Cu5 powders with a particle size fraction less than 25 μm were produced by using a newly designed high-pressure argon atomization-consolidation equipment in which each content of oxygen and moisture was controlled to be less than 1 ppm. The extrusion of the amorphous powders at 373 K causes the formation of a bulk alloy having the nonequilibrium structure which is the same as that for the as-atomized powders. The thermal stability of the extruded alloy is also the same as that for the as-atomized powders. The Young’s modulus, compressive fracture strength and fracture elongation at R.T. for the bulk alloy are 46 GPa, 750 MPa and 1.8%, respectively, which are nearly the same as those for the melt-spun amorphous ribbon with the same alloy composition. The fracture surface of the bulk alloy consists mainly of a vein pattern. No appreciable trace of the original boundaries between the powders is seen and hence the powders seem to have a truely bonding state. The good consolidation tendency is presumably because of the clean surface state for the atomized powder by the use of the closed preparation equipment.
Optimal Stacking (2012)

Stacking is one of the most routinely used geophysical algorithms and is applied in both the data and the image domain. Nowadays, it is common to decompose image volumes as a function of opening angles, vector offsets, shot directions and various other attributes. However, they need to be combined in order to obtain a high quality final image stack. This has led to a renewed interest in the process of stacking. In this abstract we propose a general framework to perform the task of optimal stacking. We present the results on synthetic and field data examples using an algorithm that fits within this general framework.
The mechanism of action of sanguinarine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2011)

Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis. It is known to perform a wide spectrum of biological activities. The aim of this study is to examine the antimicrobial actions of sanguinarine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Sanguinarine antimicrobial activity was assessed by broth dilution method; its mechanism of action was investigated by bacteriolysis, detergent or ATPase inhibitors and transmission electron microscopy were used to monitor the survival characteristics and the changes in bacteria morphology. The activity of sanguinarine against MRSA strains ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 µg/ml, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the two reference strains are 3.12 µg/ml and 1.56 µg/ml. The treatment of the cells with sanguinarine induced the release of membrane-bound cell wall autolytic enzymes, which eventually resulted in lysis of the cell. The OD(600s) of the suspensions treated with the combination of Tris-(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and Triton X-100 with sanguinarine were reduced to 40% and 8%, respectively. Transmission electron microsco-py of MRSA treated with sanguinarine showed alterations in septa formation. The predisposition of lysis and the altered morphology seen by transmission electron microscopy suggest that sanguinarine compromises the cytoplasmic membrane.