gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of a carbohydrate differentiation antigen, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1, in human colonic adenocarcinoma. (1984)

The expression of the carbohydrate structure defined by monoclonal antibody to murine stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) was examined, using immunofluorescence, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of normal fetal and adult human colon and human colonic adenocarcinoma. SSEA-1 was expressed in all human colonic adenocarcinoma tissues examined, although in some cases the staining was heterogeneous. In normal human colonic mucosa, under the conditions used, faint staining was seen in the lower crypts and in only 26% of the crypts examined. When human fetal colon was tested, SSEA-1 was expressed in much larger amounts and in over 50% of all crypts. Transitional mucosa, immediately adjacent to human colonic adenocarcinomas, was also tested, and in this case, increased SSEA-1 expression was seen not only in the lower crypts but also in the upper crypts and surface epithelium. These results show that the increased expression of SSEA-1 in human colonic adenocarcinoma is an oncodevelopmental marker for this cancer. In addition, the results suggest that increased expression of SSEA-1 may be a preneoplastic change in human colon.
<title>Development of a fiber optic interferometer demodulation/multiplexing system using an active 1 x 10 photonic polarization-preserving fiber coupler</title> (1993)

An integrated phase modulator/signal multiplexer has been demonstrated that can be used to demodulate a fiber optic interferometer's output. The phase demodulator/optical switches are monolithically integrated with an active 1 X 10 photonics polarization preserving coupler. This device was fabricated with rib waveguides and etched-facet turning mirrors. Active multiplexing and demultiplexing of a fiberoptic interferometer has also been demonstrated using the active photonics chip. The active photonics demodulation/multiplexing system offers the advantage of nearly lossless splitting and functionality in an extremely small package size.
Correlation Between Enzyme Activity and Stability of a Protease, an Alpha‐Amylase and a Lipase in a Simplified Liquid Laundry Detergent System, Determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (2011)

Abstract Enzymes used during washing in laundry detergents have become a universal tool to lower energy consumption and to generate a broad, consumer‐relevant, cleaning effect. However, the stability of these enzymes remains a major obstacle, particularly in liquid products, due to increased interaction between the enzymes and the other components of the detergent. The process of formulation involves extensive shelf‐life stability studies where residual enzyme activities are correlated with formulation variations. As a way to improve the formulation process, we evaluated the possible use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a tool to predict enzyme stability in liquid detergents. Thus, residual enzyme activity after incubation in a multitude of formulations was determined and compared to thermodynamic data obtained by DSC. The enzymes tested were a protease, an alpha‐amylase and a lipase. We found a strong linear correlation between DSC‐derived data, in particular T max (temperature at peak maximum of the transition from the folded to unfolded state) and enzyme activity studies with R 2 ‐values: 0.98 (protease), 0.99 (amylase) and 0.98 (lipase), respectively. Thus, a higher T max for the same enzyme in a particular formulation is directly proportional to longer storage stability. These results suggest a new way of greatly accelerating this type of formulation study, allowing estimation of enzyme compatibility with a specific formulation on a daily, rather than the weekly or monthly basis used at present.
The World of Symbolic Forms: Ernst Cassirer and the Legacy of Immanuel Kant (2010)

This chapter traces the trajectory of Ernst Cassirer's intellectual thought and his unique relationship to thinkers in the tradition of German Idealism. It examines how Cassirer reworked the schema and idea of synthetic judgment in the work of Immanuel Kant to enable the formulation of a sophisticated philosophy of symbolic forms that is both ideational and regulative. This chapter also evaluates how language in symbolic form operates in Cassirer's philosophy through universal applicability and vivification.
Plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol (2000)

The conversion of brain cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol and its subsequent release into the periphery is probably an important step for the maintenance of brain cholesterol homeostasis. Recent findings suggest that plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol may be elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia at least at some stage of the disease, suggesting increased brain cholesterol turnover during neurodegeneration. We investigated whether plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol concentrations depend on the severity of AD and on the apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype. Severity of AD and inheritance of the apoE4 allele were independently associated with reduced plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol ratios. The results suggest that the decrease of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol in severely affected AD patients is a peripheral marker for loss of cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase in the CNS. Inheritance of the apoE4 allele may be associated with increased apoE-mediated transport of brain cholesterol to the periphery or with decreased activity of the 24S-hydroxylase. Longitudinal studies will assess the validity of the ratio plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol as a state marker for AD.
<title>Infrared Coatings For High Energy Laser Reflectors And Windows</title> (1978)

This paper reviews infrared coating materials for reflectors and windows for use in high energy laser systems operating in the 2 μm to 10.6 μm spectral regions. The work discussed is the result of research performed at our laboratories during the last several years. The primary emphasis in the discussion is on coatings that have low optical absorption. A long-term objective of our work has been to reduce optical absorption in infrared coatings to less than 0.1%.
A study of transparent contact to vertical GaN-based light-emitting diodes (2005)

In this study, transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) deposited by sputtering was applied to laser lift-off (LLO) GaN-based vertical light-emitting diodes (VLEDs) and the electrical and optical properties of ITO films were measured as a function of annealing conditions. The measured minimum resistivity of ITO film was about 3.78×10−4Ωcm and the measured optical transmittance at 460nm was 96.8% after the annealing process. In this condition, about 1×10−5Ωcm2 of ITO contact resistance to LLO n-GaN could be obtained. By applying the transparent ITO layer to the LLO GaN-based VLEDs, a significant decrease of the forward operating voltage from 3.3to3.8V at 20mA could be obtained.
Adhesion Properties of Lightly Crosslinked Solvent-Swollen Polymer Gels (2006)

Polymer gels are crosslinked polymer networks, highly swollen with solvent. For practical gel applications adhesion to a wide range of substrates over a broad range of temperatures is desired. In this article the adhesive properties of two types of solvent-swollen elastomers were studied, utilizing a combination of tack, contact mechanics, and peel adhesion methods. The first gel was a crosslinked polybutadiene swollen with common polymer plasticizers, while the second was a commercially available silicone with high extractables content. Nominally, these solvent-swollen materials exhibit similar adhesive characteristics to nonsolvent swollen elastomers including: (1) an increase in tack adhesion energies with increasing pull-off rates and decreasing temperatures in the rubbery region, (2) qualitative correlation between the rheological loss tangent for the gel and the gel adhesion energy, (3) fibrillation and extension during adhesion testing for gels with a shear modulus value less than 105 Pa in the plateau region, and (4) a decrease in the adhesion energy with increasing crosslink density. However, the presence of solvent in the elastomer can lead to solvent exclusion effects that degrade tack adhesion and must be considered for gel design in practical applications.
Carpal tunnel syndrome. (2011)

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy, affecting approximately 3 to 6 percent of adults in the general population. Although the cause is not usually determined, it can include trauma, repetitive maneuvers, certain diseases, and pregnancy. Symptoms are related to compression of the median nerve, which results in pain, numbness, and tingling. Physical examination findings, such as hypalgesia, square wrist sign, and a classic or probable pattern on hand symptom diagram, are useful in making the diagnosis. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography can resolve diagnostic uncertainty and can be used to quantify and stratify disease severity. Treatment options are based on disease severity. Six weeks to three months of conservative treatment can be considered in patients with mild disease. Lifestyle modifications, including decreasing repetitive activity and using ergonomic devices, have been traditionally advocated, but have inconsistent evidence to support their effectiveness. Cock-up and neutral wrist splints and oral corticosteroids are considered first-line therapies, with local corticosteroid injections used for refractory symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) have been shown to be no more effective than placebo. Most conservative treatments provide short-term symptom relief, with little evidence supporting long-term benefits. Patients with moderate to severe disease should be considered for surgical evaluation. Open and endoscopic surgical approaches have similar five-year outcomes.
Hierarchical Classifiers for Multi-Way Sentiment Analysis of Arabic Reviews (2016)

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is one of hottest fields in data mining (DM) and natural language processing (NLP). The goal of SA is to extract the sentiment conveyed in a certain text based on its content. While most current works focus on the simple problem of determining whether the sentiment is positive or negative, Multi-Way Sentiment Analysis (MWSA) focuses on sentiments conveyed through a rating or scoring system (e.g., a 5-star scoring system). In such scoring systems, the sentiments conveyed in two reviews of close scores (such as 4 stars and 5 stars) can be very similar creating an added challenge compared to traditional SA. One intuitive way of handling this challenge is via a divide-and-conquer approach where the MWSA problem is divided into a set of sub-problems allowing the use of customized classifiers to differentiate between reviews of close scores. A hierarchical classification structure can be used with this approach where each node represents a different classification sub-problem and the decision from it may lead to the invocation of another classifier. In this work, we show how the use of this divide-and-conquer hierarchical structure of classifiers can generate better results than the use of existing flat classifiers for the MWSA problem. We focus on the Arabic language for many reasons such as the importance of this language and the scarcity of prior works and available tools for it. To the best of our knowledge, very few papers have been published on MWSA of Arabic reviews. One notable work is that of Ali and Atiya, in which the authors collected a large scale Arabic Book Reviews (LABR) dataset and made it publicly available. Unfortunately, the baseline experiments on this dataset had very low accuracy. We present two different hierarchical structures and compare their accuracies with the flat structure using different core classifiers. The comparison is based on standard accuracy measures such as precision and recall in addition to using the mean squared error (MSE) as a more accurate measure given the fact that not all misclassifications are the same. The results show that, in general, hierarchical classifiers give significant improvements (of more than 50% in certain cases) over flat classifiers.
Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Uniplanar Trapezoidal Antenna With Linear and Circular Polarization (2012)

A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed, multi-band, trapezoidal monopole antenna with linear and circular polarization realized in a single substrate layer is presented. It is demonstrated that, polarization of the antenna originate from resultant surface currents controlled by the physical aspects of the trapezoid. A prototype fabricated on Rogers RO4350B® substrate with dielectric constant 3.48 occupies an overall dimension of 55 × 50 × 0.762 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The antenna provides a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 80% (from 1.55 GHz to 3.60 GHz) and 8% (from 5.13 GHz to 5.55 GHz) in the first and second band respectively. It also exhibits a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 8% (from 2.21 GHz to 2.40 GHz) in the IEEE 802.16e WiMAX band. In addition, the antenna facilitates quasi omnidirectional coverage along with moderate gain and efficiency. A parametric study of the key parameters is also performed and the mechanism of polarization is described through surface current analysis.
Miniaturized mercury ion clock for ultrastable deep space applications (2006)

We have recently completed a prototype ion-clock physics package based on Hg ions shuttled between a quadrupole and a 16-pole rf trap. With this architecture, we have demonstrated short-term stability ~2-3x10(exp-13) at 1 second, averaging to 10(exp-15) at 1 day. This development shows that H-maser quality stabilities can be produced in a small clock package, comparable in size to an ultra-stable quartz oscillator required for holding 1-2x 10(exp-13) at 1 second. This performance was obtained in a sealed vacuum configuration, where only a getter pump was used to maintain vacuum. The vacuum tube containing the traps has now been under sealed vacuum conditions for nearly 1.5 years with no measurable degradation of ion trapping lifetimes or clock short-term performance. Because the tube is sealed, the Hg source and Neon buffer gas are held indefinitely, for the life of the tube. There is no consumption of Hg in this system, unlike in a Cs beam tube where the lifetime is often limited by Cs depletion. This approach to the vacuum follows the methods used in flight vacuum tube electronics, such as flight TWTA's where tube operation lifetime and shelf life of up to 15 years is achieved. We use neon as a buffer gas with 2-3 times less pressure induced frequency pulling than traditional helium and, being heavier, negligible diffusion losses will occur over the operation lifetime.
Side-Chain Polypseudorotaxanes with Heteromacrocyclic Receptors of Cyclodextrins (CDs) and Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7): Their Contrast Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior with α-CD, γ-CD, and CB7 (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSide-Chain Polypseudorotaxanes with Heteromacrocyclic Receptors of Cyclodextrins (CDs) and Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7): Their Contrast Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior with α-CD, γ-CD, and CB7Tomoki Ogoshi*, Kazuyuki Masuda, Tada-aki Yamagishi, and Yoshiaki NakamotoView Author Information Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan*Corresponding author: Tel +81-76-234-4775; Fax +81-76-234-4800; e-mail [email protected] (T.O.), [email protected] (Y.N.).Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 21, 8003–8005Publication Date (Web):October 8, 2009Publication History Received7 July 2009Revised4 October 2009Published online8 October 2009Published inissue 10 November 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma901474bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma901474brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1753Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cadmium sulfide,Copolymers,Monomers,Pyridines,Receptors Get e-Alerts
A novel Fc receptor for IgA and IgM is expressed on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues (2001)

By contrast to well-defined Fc gamma and Fc epsilon receptors, the structural and functional characteristics of Fc mu receptor are unclear. We have recently described a novel mouse Fc receptor, designated Fc alpha/mu receptor, and its human homologue, which bind both IgM and IgA. Here we show that the Fc alpha/mu receptor is expressed on mature, but not immature, B lymphocytes and acquires the ability to bind IgM and IgA antibodies after stimulation of B lymphocytes. Moreover, stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased endocytosis of IgM-coated microparticles mediated by the Fc alpha/mu receptor expressed on pro-B cell line Ba/F3 cells. We also show that the Fc alpha/mu receptor is expressed in secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph node and appendix, kidney and intestine, suggesting an important role of the receptor for immunity in these organs.
The Design and implementation of a system for processing documents described in generalized markup languages (1987)

This thesis proposes an architecture for a system capable of transforming the work of an author into printed form, and builds a partial implementation based upon that architecture. It allows an author to describe a document as a hierarchical structure and remain unconcerned about how his work will ultimately appear in printed form. The author is provided with a special markup language which can be used to tag the various logical parts of a document. The author must also be aware of how the various tagged parts fit together. The system is able to read the author's manuscript as input, and produce a typeset object as output.
Amino acid control of proteolysis in perfused livers of synchronously fed rats. Mechanism and specificity of alanine co-regulation. (1991)

The primary control of autophagically mediated proteolysis in perfused rat liver is carried out via two alternate mechanisms in response to specific regulatory amino acids. One (L) elicits direct inhibition at low and high plasma levels, but requires a co-regulatory amino acid to express inhibition at normal concentrations. The second (H) is ineffective at normal levels and below, but active at higher concentrations. Because regulation is subject to unpredictable variability with ad libitum feeding, we have utilized rats synchronously fed 4 h day-1 to stabilize responses. Proteolytic control is seen to evolve in stages: H appears 12 h after the start of feeding; by 18 h L emerges, alternating with H in a statistically predictable way; with omission of the 24-h feeding, H disappears and L remains constant through 42 h. In both 18- and 42-h rats, alanine, glutamate, and aspartate exhibit similar inhibitory activity when added singly to the regulatory group at normal plasma concentrations. However, since alanine, but not glutamate or aspartate, evokes proteolytic acceleration when it is deleted from a full plasma mixture, alanine appears to be the sole co-regulator. Alanine yields co-regulatory effects with normal plasma leucine (0.2 mM) in 18- and 42-h animals and interacts synergistically with 0.8 mM leucine in 42-h but not in 18-h rats where leucine alone inhibits strongly. Because the inactivation of alanine amino-transferase by aminooxyacetate (determined from the conversion of [14C]alanine to glucose) does not alter the co-regulatory and synergistic effects of alanine, regulation by alanine must be mediated from a site of recognition before transamination.
Geometric scattering in robotic telemanipulation (2002)

In this paper, we study the interconnection of two robots, which are modeled as port-controlled Hamiltonian systems through a transmission line with time delay. There will be no analysis of the time delay, but its presence justifies the use of scattering variables to preserve passivity. The contributions of the paper are twofold: first, a geometrical, multidimensional, power-consistent exposition of telemanipulation of intrinsically passive controlled physical systems, with a clarification on impedance matching, and second, a system theoretic condition for the adaptation of a general port-controlled Hamiltonian system with dissipation (port-Hamiltonian system) to a transmission line.
On the Content Predictability of Cooperative Image Caching in Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Emerging applications of mobile data management, such as content-based image retrieval in ad hoc networks, require the awareness of content distribution to enact and optimize the communication and search tasks. Caching is a widely used approach in mobile environments to improve system performance and keep track of replications. Within the scope of mobile and ubiquitous computing infrastructure, traditional caching techniques are not effective for large-size data such as images due to the limitations of bandwidth, storage, and power. The functionality of caching techniques relies on exact match, making them unsuitable for imprecise and similarity-based queries. In addition, the description of cached contents is defined based on the query context instead of data content, which fails to exploit the semantic locality of cached data and makes the traditional caching techniques inefficient in utilizing cache storage. In this paper, we present a semantic-aware caching scheme (SAIC) for image databases in ad hoc networks. The proposed scheme is designed based on several novel ideas: 1) multi-level partitioning of semantic space, 2) constraint-based representation of image semantics, 3) non-flooding query resolution, and 4) adaptive cache consistency maintenance. Our combination of theoretical analysis and simulation show the efficiency of the proposed scheme, and evaluate its performance in comparison against two ad hoc caching schemes as advanced in the literature.
Chemical Compatibility of High-Tc Superconductors with Other Materials (1988)

Abstract : In any application, the new oxide superconductors will have to coexist in intimate contact with other materials. However, the copper oxygen bonds common to all presently known oxide superconductors with Tc above 40K are relatively weak. This means that elements that form much stronger bonds with oxygen, such as Si, will be chemically unstable when in contact with the copper- oxide superconductors. In this paper, we will establish procedures and guidelines that will enable workers to choose materials that will not react chemically with the oxide superconductors. These should enable researchers working in all applications areas to avoid unnecessary empirical searches for suitable substrate or host materials by eliminating the most thermodynamically unfavorable choices. In particular, we have determined which of the elemental metals should be most stable in contact with the copper-oxide semiconductors, and examined schemes for integrating these superconductors into Si devices. Keywords: Oxide superconductors, Sintering, and Annealing, Chemical stability.