gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Lapacho Analogues. 1. Suppression of Human Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation by 2-Substituted Naphtho[2,3-<i>b</i>]furan-4,9-diones, Activation by Enzymatic One- and Two-Electron Reduction, and Intracellular Generation of Superoxide (2012)

A series of linearly anellated lapacho quinone analogues substituted at the 2-position of the tricyclic naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione system were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to suppress keratinocyte hyperproliferation using HaCaT cells as the primary test system. While very good in vitro potency with IC(50) values in the submicromolar range was attained with electron-withdrawing substituents, some compounds were found to induce plasma membrane damage, as evidenced by the release of LDH activity from cytoplasm of the keratinocytes. The most potent analogue against keratinocyte hyperproliferation was the 1,2,4-oxadiazole 18, the potency of which was combined with comparably low cytotoxic membrane damaging effects. Structure-activity relationship studies with either metabolically stable or labile analogues revealed that the quinone moiety was required for activity. Selected compounds were studied in detail for their capability to generate superoxide radicals both in isolated enzymatic one- and two-electron reduction assays as well as in a HaCaT cell-based assay.
Development of amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles for efficient and rapid removal of COD from pre-treated palm oil effluent (2019)

In this study, low cost synthesis of three-dimensional mesoporous amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles (AFS-NPs) were synthesized by sol–gel method with the addition of two different silica modifiers, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to two different silica sources, tetramethoxyorthosilicate (TMOS) and tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) separately. The presence of amino group on synthesized nanoparticles from the four different combinations was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The synthesized AFS-NPs were of narrow particle size within the range of 500–600 nm and having high specific surface area (148 m2 g−1). The AFS-NPs were then utilized to investigate the adsorptive removal of COD from palm oil mil effluent (POME). The maximum removal efficiency (>90%) of AFS-NPs was found at pH 7, adsorbent dose 0.25 g and temperature 30 °C. At equilibrium the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 271.11 mg g−1. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm gave the best fit to the experimental data signifying the presence of adsorption monolayer on the surface of the adsorbent. The results have positively qualified grafted silica nanoparticles as one of the adsorptive media for removal of COD from POME. Keywords: Adsorption, Palm oil mil effluent, Silica nanoparticles, Chemical oxygen demand, Sol–gel synthesis
A study of some imidazo[l,5‐<i>a</i>]benzodiazepin‐6‐ones by electron impact mass spectrometry. characterization by tandem mass spectrometry of a distonic fragment ion (1991)

Abstract The mass spectra of several imidazo[l,5‐ a ]benzodiazepin‐6‐one derivatives of neuropharmacological significance were determined in order to establish their decomposition paths under electron impact. A novel distonic fragment ion was observed and it was possible to demonstrate by consideration of metastable ions and by tandem mass spectrometry that it undergoes isomerization to the corresponding classical structure.
Extracting spatially and spectrally coherent regions from multispectral images (2011)

Extracting spectrally homogeneous regions as features from hyperspectral and multispectral raster data has unique challenges when accurate shape preservation is a priority. We tackle this task by representing neighborhoods that contain heterogeneously classified pixels as a graph. We then use graph-cut based combinatorial optimization to eliminate spuriously classified pixels. After the region of interest is uniformly classified, we use a vectorization step to extract it as a feature.
A Review of Fault Tolerant Checkpointing Protocols for Mobile Computing Systems (2010)

A distributed system is a collection of independent entities that cooperate to solve a problem that cannot be individually solved. A mobile computing system is a distributed system where some of processes are running on mobile hosts (MHs), whose location in the network changes with time. Mobile distributed systems raise new issues such as mobility, low bandwidth of wireless channels, disconnections, limited battery power and lack of reliable stable storage on mobile nodes. This paper addresses the problem of fault tolerant computing in mobile distributed systems. The techniques described are based on checkpointing and roll back recovery.
Transposon sequences drive tissue‐specific expression of the maize regulatory gene <i>R‐s</i> (1998)

Summary The R family of genes in maize encodes transcription factors that activate anthocyanin synthesis. The R‐r complex at the r locus contains two components, of which one, the aleurone‐pigmenting R‐s subcomplex, is an unusual promoter flanked by two head‐to‐head, nearly identical coding regions. The central region of the promoter, designated σ, contains inverted terminal repeats and subterminal repeats, both of which are features of the CACTA transposon family. Transcription from the R‐s promoter was strongest in aleurone but transcripts had a surprisingly variable initiation site and splicing pattern. Microprojectile bombardment indicated that the sequences introduced by transposition act as an enhancer of transcription in aleurone but not in coleoptile or mesocotyl tissue. Moreover, the region containing the subterminal repeats was able to activate expression when fused to a minimal promoter, suggesting that a factor that binds to the repeats may be responsible. Regions downstream of σ encode a leader containing three ORFs, two of which are variably removed by splicing. The results presented here show that transposons can mediate the rearrangement of genes and confer new splicing and expression patterns. In the case of the r complex, this has resulted in a new phenotype, the pigmentation of aleurone cells.
Akkermansia muciniphila Adheres to Enterocytes and Strengthens the Integrity of the Epithelial Cell Layer (2015)

Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. A. muciniphila has been linked with intestinal health and improved metabolic status in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. Specifically, A. muciniphila has been shown to reduce high-fat-diet-induced endotoxemia, which develops as a result of an impaired gut barrier. Despite the accumulating evidence of the health-promoting effects of A. muciniphila, the mechanisms of interaction of the bacterium with the host have received little attention. In this study, we used several in vitro models to investigate the adhesion of A. muciniphila to the intestinal epithelium and its interaction with the host mucosa. We found that A. muciniphila adheres strongly to the Caco-2 and HT-29 human colonic cell lines but not to human colonic mucus. In addition, A. muciniphila showed binding to the extracellular matrix protein laminin but not to collagen I or IV, fibronectin, or fetuin. Importantly, A. muciniphila improved enterocyte monolayer integrity, as shown by a significant increase in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of cocultures of Caco-2 cells with the bacterium. Further, A. muciniphila induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) production by enterocytes at cell concentrations 100-fold higher than those for Escherichia coli, suggesting a very low level of proinflammatory activity in the epithelium. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that A. muciniphila adheres to the intestinal epithelium and strengthens enterocyte monolayer integrity in vitro, suggesting an ability to fortify an impaired gut barrier. These results support earlier associative in vivo studies and provide insights into the interaction of A. muciniphila with the host.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Highly Crystalline Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide on Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2017)

Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), a direct-band-gap semiconductor, is promising for applications in electronics and optoelectronics, but the scalable synthesis of highly crystalline film remains challenging. Here we report the successful epitaxial growth of a continuous, uniform, highly crystalline monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> film on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by molecular beam epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy studies reveal that MoS<sub>2</sub> grown on h-BN primarily consists of two types of nucleation grains (0° aligned and 60° antialigned domains). By adopting a high growth temperature and ultralow precursor flux, the formation of 60° antialigned grains is largely suppressed. The resulting perfectly aligned grains merge seamlessly into a highly crystalline film. Large-scale monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> film can be grown on a 2 in. h-BN/sapphire wafer, for which surface morphology and Raman mapping confirm good spatial uniformity. Our study represents a significant step in the scalable synthesis of highly crystalline MoS<sub>2</sub> films on atomically flat surfaces and paves the way to large-scale applications.
Identification of molecular targets associated with selenium-induced growth inhibition in human breast cells using cDNA microarrays. (2002)

Past research indicated that methylseleninic acid (MSA) is an excellent tool for investigating the cancer chemopreventive action of selenium in vitro. The present study was designed to examine the cellular and molecular effects of MSA in the MCF10AT1 and MCF10AT3B premalignant human breast cells. After exposure to MSA, both cell lines exhibited a dose- and time-dependent growth-inhibitory response as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay. Further characterization of cellular and molecular changes was carried out only with the MCF10AT1 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that MSA blocked cell cycle progression at the G(0)-G(1) phase. Induction of apoptosis was also observed with the use of either the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) or the annexin V binding method. cDNA microarray analyses with cell cycle- and apoptosis-targeted arrays were then applied to profile the gene expression changes mediating these two cellular events. The analyses were conducted at 6 and 12 h of MSA treatment using synchronized cells. The expression signals of 30 genes were found to be significantly altered by MSA. These genes fall into three categories: cell cycle checkpoint controllers (e.g., cyclins, cdcs, cdks, E2F family proteins, and serine/threonine kinases), apoptosis regulatory genes (e.g., Apo-3, c-jun, and cdk5/cyclin D1), and signaling molecules [e.g., mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3k) cascade genes]. The expression changes of 15 genes were selected for verification by Western or semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses. An agreement rate of 60% (9 of 15) was obtained from these confirmation experiments. On the basis of the above findings, tentative signaling pathways mediating the outcome of selenium-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are proposed. The present study thus demonstrated the feasibility of applying cDNA microarray technology in delineating the mechanisms of the action of selenium and in pinpointing molecular targets as potential biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of selenium intervention.
Multimedia goes mobile in broadcast networks (1997)

In digital broadcasting systems, like Eureka 147 DAB, it is possible to separate the actual service from the transmission system. Such a separation enables the distribution of any type of digital data to stationary, portable, or mobile terminals. However, a radio channel for mobile reception has certain characteristics to which existing multimedia services must adapt. We present a multimedia system model for digital broadcasting. We also discuss implementing this model within the broadcasting framework.
Non-destructive measurement of pavement layer thickness (2003)

16. ABSTRACT The overall objective of the reported work has been to rapidly determine the average pavement thickness on a newly constructed pavement section to within 0.1 inch of the true value, without extensive reliance on cores. The project has been divided into two tasks--0ne for asphalt pavement and one for concrete pavement. The asphalt task has focused on two adaptations of ground penetrating radar (GPR), one involving the use of an air-launch horn antenna, and one using dual ground-coupled antennas in a common midpoint (CMP) measurement mode. The concrete task has included the CMP method and conventional Impact-Echo methods. The work has involved theoretical analyses, laboratory testing on small slabs and simulated pavement materials, testing at full scale pavement test facilities, and testing on I I newly constructed pavement sections in California. The California test sites included full depth asphalt, asphalt overlays, and full depth concrete pavements. The thickness data collected with the tested devices has been correlated with thickness results obtained from over 170 cores taken at points in the test areas. For the asphalt pavements, both GPR methods have been shown to be capable of measuring the average section thickness to within 0.1 inches of the average core value. The CMP method. however, appears to be limited to asphalt thickness greater than 3 inches. For the concrete pavements, the two impact-echo methods tested were shown to be able to measure the average section thickness to within 0.16 and 0.24 inches of average core value. All of the methods required the use of a single calibration core per site to achieve the reported accuracy.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐based angiopoietin‐1 gene therapy for acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice (2008)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can serve as a vehicle for gene therapy. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a critical factor for endothelial survival and vascular stabilization via the inhibition of endothelial permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. We hypothesized that MSC-based Ang1 gene therapy might be a potential therapeutic approach for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. MSCs were isolated from 6 week-old inbred male mice and transduced with the Ang1 gene, using a lentivirus vector. The MSCs showed no significant phenotypic changes after transduction. In the in vivo mouse model, the LPS-induced lung injury was markedly alleviated in the group treated with MSCs carrying Ang1 (MSCs-Ang1), compared with groups treated with MSCs or Ang1 alone. The expression of Ang1 protein in the recipient lungs was increased after MSCs-Ang1 administration. The histopathological and biochemical indices of LPS-induced lung injury were improved after MSCs-based Ang1 gene treatment. MSCs-Ang1 administration also reduced pulmonary vascular endothelial permeability and the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the lung. Cells of MSC origin could be detected in the recipient lungs for 2 weeks after injection with MSCs. These results suggest that MSCs and Ang1 have a synergistic role in the treatment of LPS-induced lung injury. MSC-based Ang1 gene therapy may be developed as a potential novel strategy for the treatment of acute lung injury.
Obstetrics and the Newborn: An Illustrated Textbook (1986)

The third edition of this highly popular text has been extensively revised to reflect the modern practice of obstetrics and care of the newborn baby. As before, the authors provide comprehensive, authoritative advice, in sufficient detail to satisfy the needs of the medical student and the midwife in training or in practice. Technological and laboratory advances since the last edition are incorporated fully, and the role that these new methods can play in establishing early, accurate diagnosis, as well as providing a basis for monitoring, is fully discussed throughout. More emphasis is given to the implications of medical disorders in pregnancy, and the means of managing them successfully. There is a new chapter on the rapidly expanding and exciting field of fetal medicine. As in previous editions, the illustrations represent one of the most outstanding teaching features of the book. Carefully selected, each illustration provides an important teaching message, which is expanded in full descriptive legends. For the student, the illustrations alone represent a unique resource which will provide simple reinforcement of the principles learned from the text.
Modeling chemical processes using prior knowledge and neural networks (1994)

Abstract We present a method for synthesizing chemical process models that combines prior knowledge and artificial neural networks. The inclusion of prior knowledge is investigated as a means of improving the neural network predictions when trained on sparse and noisy process data. Prior knowledge enters the hybrid model as a simple process model and first principle equations. The simple model controls the extrapolation of the hybrid in the regions of input space that lack training data. The first principle equations, such as mass and component balances, enforce equality constraints. The neural network compensates for inaccuracy in the prior model. In addition, inequality constraints are imposed during parameter estimation. For illustration, the approach is applied in predicting cell biomass and secondary metabolite in a fed‐batch penicillin fermentation. Our results show that prior knowledge enhances the generalization capabilities of a pure neural network model. The approach is shown to require less data for parameter estimation, produce more accurate and consistent predictions, and provide more reliable extrapolation.
Remyelination in the CNS of the hypothyroid rat (1996)

A number of studies have provided good evidence to indicate a role for thyroid hormone in myelination. Since myelination and remyelination have many shared objectives, and may therefore involve similar mechanisms, we examined whether thyroid hormone may also have a role in remyelination by both Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes of spinal cord axons that had been demyelinated by the injection of ethidium bromide in thyroidectomized rats. Neither the extent of oligodendrocyte remyelination nor the thickness of myelin sheath formed by remyelinating oligodendrocytes was affected by hypothyroidism. However, the extent of remyelination carried out by Schwann cells was decreased in hypothyroid rats compared with normal control animals.
High doses of L-carnitine in acute myocardial infarction: metabolic and antiarrhythmic effects (1989)

Fatty acids accumulate in the muscle cells in some carnitine deficiency syndromes due to a variety of genetic defects in intermediary metabolism. L-Carnitine administration may relieve this excess by transporting acyl compounds out of the cell as acylcarnitine. Similar fatty acid accumulation occurs during myocardial ischaemia because of the decreased rate of beta-oxidation, and this has been put forward as a cause of ventricular arrhythmias. This study was carried out to investigate whether administration of high doses of i.v. L-carnitine in patients with acute myocardial infarction could increase urinary excretion of acylcarnitine and reduce early ventricular arrhythmias. Fifty-six patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction, admitted to the Coronary Unit between 3 and 12 h after the onset of symptoms, were included in the study. The design of the study was double blind, parallel and placebo controlled. Allocation of treatment to patients was done randomly after stratification (time from onset of pain and site of infarction). The first group (28 patients) received intravenous L-carnitine at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 b.w. every 12 h for 36 h while the second group (28 patients) received placebo intravenously. Immediately before starting treatment two blood samples were taken (at 5-min intervals) and a further 16 samples were taken at regular intervals over the following 48 h. Patients' urine was collected over the same period of time. Concentrations of free carnitine, short chain acylcarnitine esters and long chain acylcarnitine esters in serum and urine were measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ILLINOIS COMMUNITY COLLEGES: THEIR HISTORY AND SYSTEM (1999)

The Illinois Community College system evolved in a climate similar to that of the other 48 contiguous states in the United States. Yet the Illinois system, like that in California, became known for its cohesive and progressive approach to two - year education. This article argues, essentially, that Illinois was able to develop a functional and effective ''service area'' concept, and then centralize this into a system, because of the visionary and cooperative efforts of several dedicated individuals during the decades immediately following World War II. Community college advocates such as Robert Birkhimer, Kenneth Edwards, Peter Masiko, Eldon Lichty, Raymond Young, and Coleman Griffith all served as designers, marketers, or pioneers in forging a system that is today the envy of many of its neighbors. Another factor that set Illinois apart from many of its neighboring states was the leadership of the University of Illinois. The University, in 1946, encouraged the development of two - year ''centers'' to service GI Bill recipients. Although most of these 26 centers were temporary, the symbolism of a major university's support was invaluable. Today, the Illinois Community College Board has turned to refining a system that grew meteorically well in the early 1990s. Current issues have centered around developing assurances of program quality, encouraging experimentation with distance learning formats, and attempting to tie a percentage of funding to performance criteria. The Board has usually been able to move expeditiously in these directions because of continued sound leadership and the solid foundation provided by the system's designers during the post - war era.