gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of the n-Alkyl Acrylates (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of the n-Alkyl AcrylatesC. E. Rehberg and C. H. FisherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 7, 1203–1207Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01235a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01235a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1376Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Left ventricular mass predicts heart failure not related to previous myocardial infarction: the Cardiovascular Health Study (2008)

AimsThe relationship of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to incident heart failure (HF) not attributable to myocardial infarction (MI) has not been defined. We assessed whether LVH is an independent predictor of MI-independent HF.
Monte Carlo volume rendering (2004)

In this paper a novel volume-rendering technique based on Monte Carlo integration is presented. As a result of a preprocessing, a point cloud of random samples is generated using a normalized continuous reconstruction of the volume as a probability density function. This point cloud is projected onto the image plane, and to each pixel an intensity value is assigned which is proportional to the number of samples projected onto the corresponding pixel area. In such a way a simulated X-ray image of the volume can be obtained. Theoretically, for a fixed image resolution, there exists an M number of samples such that the average standard deviation of the estimated pixel intensities us under the level of quantization error regardless of the number of voxels. Therefore Monte Carlo Volume Rendering (MCVR) is mainly proposed to efficiently visualize large volume data sets. Furthermore, network applications are also supported, since the trade-off between image quality and interactivity can be adapted to the bandwidth of the client/server connection by using progressive refinement.
Characterization of the Epitope Recognized by a Monoclonal Antibody Directed against the Largest Subunit of<i>Drosophila</i>RNA Polymerase II (1995)

The epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody MAb215 generated previously against Drosophila melanogaster RNA polymerase II was mapped to amino acid residues 806-820 of the largest, 215 kDa, subunit located in a region conserved within the largest subunits of pro- and eukaryotic RNA polymerases. The affinities of MAb215 and of a recombinant single-chain Fv fragment (scFv215) were determined for binding to the enzyme as well as the fusion protein and synthetic peptides used for epitope mapping. In addition, amino acid residues of the epitope important for binding to MAb215 were identified using peptides carrying single amino acid substitutions. The epitope is not involved in the polymerization reaction or the DNA unwinding process since no inhibitory effects of the monoclonal antibody were observed in nonspecific in vitro transcription using denatured calf thymus DNA or double stranded oligo dC-tailed T7 DNA as template. In contrast, MAb215 inhibits accurate in vitro transcription from the Krüppel gene promoter and from the adenovirus-2 major late promoter. Preincubation of template DNA with the nuclear extract had no effects on inhibition supporting the notion that the epitope does not participate directly in the formation of preinitiation complexes. The same inhibitory effects were observed using scFv215. The results provide further evidence that recombinant antibody fragments produced in Escherichia coli possess the same specificity and similar affinity as their parental antibodies and demonstrate that scFv fragments are useful tools for analysis of transcriptional processes.
Self-organization of poly(allylamine)s containing hydrophobic groups and its effect on the interaction with small molecules. 1. Static fluorometry (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-organization of poly(allylamine)s containing hydrophobic groups and its effect on the interaction with small molecules. 1. Static fluorometryToshihiro Seo, Seiji Take, Keishi Miwa, Kunihiro Hamada, and Toshiro IijimaCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 15, 4255–4263Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00015a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00015a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multicrossover Cryotron—a High Gain Single Stage Amplifier (1967)

Present high gain cryotron amplifiers use dc biased cascaded crossed film cryotrons, and cannot be operated below 1 kHz because of low frequency noise. It is shown that in situations where minimum input inductance is not required, a much simpler circuit, using a crossed film cryotron with many crossovers, can be used as a single stage high gain amplifier. It is found that, if gate bias is applied in the form of pulses, helium bubble formation, which is the cause of low frequency noise, is inhibited. Also the chopping action of the gate pulse allows the amplification of dc signals. The multicrossover cryotrons described have 512 crossovers and exhibit bandwidths of 1 MHz and transimpedances of up to 10 mV/mA. It has been possible to explain their nonmonotonic gain-temperature dependence in terms of penetration depth and thermal propagation effects.
Synthesis of 4,5‐disubstituted benzo[<i>c</i>][2,7]naphthyridines as precursors of pyrido[2,3,4‐<i>kl</i>]acridones and related natural products (1999)

Abstract A methodical investigation on functionalization by carbonylated groups in position 4 and 5 of the benzo[ c ][2,7]naphthyridine skeleton has been undertaken. In particular the study has shown the complex influence of these two sites on each other. A careful choice of both substituents in 4 and 5 permitted the synthesis of an interesting pyrido[2,3,4‐ kl ]acridone tetracyclic structure through an intramolecular Mukayama aldolisation reaction. The structure is supposed to be a potential precursor to various marine alkaloids of the pyridoacridine family.
FallDeFi (2018)

Falling or tripping among elderly people living on their own is recognized as a major public health worry that can even lead to death. Fall detection systems that alert caregivers, family members or neighbours can potentially save lives. In the past decade, an extensive amount of research has been carried out to develop fall detection systems based on a range of different detection approaches, i.e, wearable and non-wearable sensing and detection technologies. In this paper, we consider an emerging non-wearable fall detection approach based on WiFi Channel State Information (CSI). Previous CSI based fall detection solutions have considered only time domain approaches. Here, we take an altogether different direction, time-frequency analysis as used in radar fall detection. We use the conventional Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to extract time-frequency features and a sequential forward selection algorithm to single out features that are resilient to environment changes while maintaining a higher fall detection rate. When our system is pre-trained, it has a 93% accuracy and compared to RTFall and CARM, this is a 12% and 15% improvement respectively. When the environment changes, our system still has an average accuracy close to 80% which is more than a 20% to 30% and 5% to 15% improvement respectively.
Optimal Graph Search Based Segmentation of Airway Tree Double Surfaces Across Bifurcations (2012)

Identification of both the luminal and the wall areas of the bronchial tree structure from volumetric X-ray computed tomography (CT) data sets is of critical importance in distinguishing important phenotypes within numerous major lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and asthma. However, accurate assessment of the inner and outer airway wall surfaces of a complete 3-D tree structure is difficult due to their complex nature, particularly around the branch areas. In this paper, we extend a graph search based technique (LOGISMOS) to simultaneously identify multiple inter-related surfaces of branching airway trees. We first perform a presegmentation of the input 3-D image to obtain basic information about the tree topology. The presegmented image is resampled along judiciously determined paths to produce a set of vectors of voxels (called voxel columns). The resampling process utilizes medial axes to ensure that voxel columns of appropriate lengths and directions are used to capture the object surfaces without interference. A geometric graph is constructed whose edges connect voxels in the resampled voxel columns and enforce validity of the smoothness and separation constraints on the sought surfaces. Cost functions with directional information are employed to distinguish inner and outer walls. The assessment of wall thickness measurement on a CT-scanned double-wall physical phantom (patterned after an in vivo imaged human airway tree) achieved highly accurate results on the entire 3-D tree. The observed mean signed error of wall thickness ranged from -0.09 ±0.24 mm to 0.07 ±0.23 mm in bifurcating/nonbifurcating areas. The mean unsigned errors were 0.16±0.12 mm to 0.20±0.11 mm. When the airway wall surface was partitioned into meaningful subregions, the airway wall thickness accuracy was the same in most tested bifurcation/nonbifurcation and carina/noncarina regions (p=NS). Once validated on phantoms, our method was applied to human in vivo volumetric CT data to demonstrate relationships of airway wall thickness as a function of luminal dimension and airway tree generation. Wall thickness differences between the bifurcation/nonbifurcation regions were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for tree generations 6, 7, 8, and 9. In carina/noncarina regions, the wall thickness was statistically different in generations 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF <i>PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM </i> (1965)

An electron microscopic examination of Porphyridium cruentum revealed the presence of mitochondria which had been reported absent in this aerobic organism. The chloroplast in this red alga was found to contain small granules (about 320 A) regularly arranged along the parallel chloroplast lamellae. The chloroplast granules differ in size and staining intensity from the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. Two tubular elements are described. One type (450 to 550 A) is associated with the Golgi bodies. Another type (350 A), in the cell periphery, is believed to connect the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane. Daughter nuclei were found to be positioned at opposite ends of the cell prior to commencement of cell division. Cytokinesis is accomplished by an annular median constriction causing the gradual separation of the chloroplast, pyrenoid, and other cell organelles, resulting in two equal daughter cells. No appreciable differences were observed between cells grown in high light (400 ft-c) and low light (40 ft-c). Structural differences between young and old cells were compared.
Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets (2012)

The formation of ice particles in the Earth's atmosphere strongly affects the properties of clouds and their impact on climate. Despite the importance of ice formation in determining the properties of clouds, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) was unable to assess the impact of atmospheric ice formation in their most recent report because our basic knowledge is insufficient. Part of the problem is the paucity of quantitative information on the ability of various atmospheric aerosol species to initiate ice formation. Here we review and assess the existing quantitative knowledge of ice nucleation by particles immersed within supercooled water droplets. We introduce aerosol species which have been identified in the past as potentially important ice nuclei and address their ice-nucleating ability when immersed in a supercooled droplet. We focus on mineral dusts, biological species (pollen, bacteria, fungal spores and plankton), carbonaceous combustion products and volcanic ash. In order to make a quantitative comparison we first introduce several ways of describing ice nucleation and then summarise the existing information according to the time-independent (singular) approximation. Using this approximation in combination with typical atmospheric loadings, we estimate the importance of ice nucleation by different aerosol types. According to these estimates we find that ice nucleation below about -15 °C is dominated by soot and mineral dusts. Above this temperature the only materials known to nucleate ice are biological, with quantitative data for other materials absent from the literature. We conclude with a summary of the challenges our community faces.
Applied potential tomography: possible clinical applications (1985)

Applied potential tomography (APT) or electrical impedance imaging has received considerable attention during the past few years and some in vivo images have been produced. This paper reviews the current situation in terms of what in vivo results have been and are likely to be obtained in the near future. Both static and dynamic imaging are possible and these two areas are dealt with separately. Features of the existing in vivo imaging system are good tissue contrast, high-speed data collection, good sensitivity to resistivity changes, low spatial resolution, low cost and no known hazard. It is concluded that the most promising way forward to clinical application in the short term is to use dynamic as opposed to static imaging. An example of lung imaging is shown and the application to measuring regional ventilation and pulmonary oedema is discussed. Use of APT for the detection of intraventricular bleeding in neonates is discussed as is the proven ability to study gastric physiology by imaging resistivity distribution changes following the ingestion of conducting or insulating fluids. Other areas of possible application which are considered are blood flow measurement, cell counting, measurement of lean-fat ratios and the detection of soft tissue lesions.
Deposition of zirconium boride thin films by direct current triode sputtering (1987)

Specular, crack-free thin films of the refractory conductor zirconium boride have been deposited for possible applications in combined contact/diffusion barrier metallization schemes. Films were deposited by dc triode sputtering, which allowed the independent study of the effects of sputtering pressure, target voltage, and current on the film properties. The mole ratio of boron in the films increased (composition tending to ZrB2) and the resistivity decreased with increasing deposition rates which at a fixed target voltage and sputtering pressure increased almost linearly with target current. Decrease in sputtering pressure, with only a minor change in deposition rate, dramatically decreased resistivity and caused stress in the films to change from tensile to compressive. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy correlated reduced oxygen content to reduced resistivity. Triode sputtering permitted deposition of films at 2 mTorr with a resistivity of 162 μΩ cm which is the lowest reported value for as-deposited films.
Two Escherichia coli chromosomal cistrons, sfrA and sfrB, which are needed for expression of F factor tra functions (1979)

Twelve mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 have been isolated which carry chromosomal mutations that exhibit pleiotropic effects on the expression of F factor tra cistrons. F pilus synthesis, deoxyribonucleic acid transfer, and surface exclusion are all inhibited. Six of the mutants carry sfrA mutations, and six carry sfrB mutations. sfrA and sfrB are cistrons mapping near thr and metE, respectively. Several F-like plasmids are dependent on sfrA and on sfrB for expression of tra cistrons. Plasmids of incompatibility groups C and S are only dependent on sfrB,and other conjugative plasmids are dependent on neither. sfrB mutations also result in changes in certain cell envelope properties, including change sensitivity to certain bacteriophages which use lipopolysaccharide as a receptor, synthesis of nonfunctional flagella, and altered sensitivity to antibiotics.
Free Composite Serratus Anterior and Rib Flaps for Tibial Composite Bone and Soft-Tissue Defect (1997)

Open fracture in the lower extremity often involves composite bone and soft-tissue defects. For patients with extensive segmental bone defects, vascularized fibular transfers can be utilized and are generally accepted as one of the best options for reconstruction of intercalary defects. In some cases, either bilateral tibias and fibulas are fractured or the contralateral fibula is traumatically damaged or absent, precluding free fibular transfer. If an osteocutaneous fibular flap cannot be used to manage such a defect, a composite serratus anterior and rib flap may be considered. Nine composite serratus anterior and rib flaps, with or without latissimus dorsi transfers, were performed in eight patients between August of 1993 and March of 1994. One patient sustained a left knee disarticulation and underwent reconstruction for a right tibial defect. He failed to achieve lower extremity function within 2 years and was considered a failure. One flap failed, and the patient underwent a below-knee amputation. The remaining six patients received seven composite flaps for tibial and calcaneal defects and could ambulate without assistance. Based on this review, we conclude that the composite serratus anterior and rib flap with optional latissimus dorsi muscle can be used for (1) bilateral tibial fibular fractures, (2) contralateral lower limb amputation with fillet of the amputated leg if the leg is present for harvest, (3) contralateral middle-third fracture of the fibula, (4) patients in whom iliac bone is not suitable because of either a bone defect greater than 10 to 12 cm or previous harvest of bone graft, and (5) extensive composite bone and soft-tissue defects.
Bombardment-induced corrosion resistance of aluminum (1981)

Ion bombardment of aluminum films at doses greater than 3×1014 cm−2 inhibits the etching of aluminum by acids. Ions of B, P, N, Si, Al, As, and Ar are effective inhibitors. Bombardment randomizes the orientation of microcrystals; however, this may not be the primary reason for the observed corrosion resistance.
MANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STRATEGIES: PART 2— MODERN MANAGEMENT (2005)

The development of antimicrobial therapy was the defining moment of 20th century medicine and one of the key innovations in medical history. While the initial promise of antimicrobials has been validated in clinical practice, overuse of certain agents has led to the emergence of resistance, illustrating the importance of using evidence based strategies to select therapy.
Detailed deletion mapping on chromosome 1p32-p36 in human colorectal cancer: identification of three distinct regions of common allelic loss. (1998)

Recent studies have suggested the existence of one or several tumor-suppressor genes on chromosome arm 1p in colorectal tumors. To determine the localization of the putative tumor suppressor genes, we performed LOH analysis in 1p in colorectal tumors. A total of 48 paired normal and tumor DNAs of 46 colorectal tumor patients and 21 microsatellite markers on 1p32.1-p36.3 were used for PCR-LOH analysis. Three commonly deleted regions were found: i) 1p36.3 (10-cm); ii) 1p35.1-p36.3 (2-cm); and iii) 1p34.2-p35 (1-cm). These regions overlapped with those reported in several types of tumor. No significant associations were found between LOH and clinicopathologic features. The regions identified in the present study could harbor tumor suppressor genes that would also be associated with several types of human cancer.
A stereoselective synthesis of sucrose. Part II. Theoretical and chemical considerations (1979)

Under the agency of an iodonium ion, the tertiary anomeric hydroxyl of tetraacetyl fructofuranose adds stereoselectively in a 1,4 sense, to a pyranoid 4,6-O-benzylidenated conjugated diene receptor. The resulting disaccharide, isolated in 45% yield, is an hex-2-enopyranoside possessing an allylic primary iodide which can be oxidised to an aldehyde either directly or after hydrolysis to the allylic primary alcohol. The aldehyde is decarbonylated and the unsubstituted hex-2-enopyranoside formed undergoes hydroxylation giving exclusively the manno-diol. After protecting the equatorial hydroxyl as the benzoate ester, the axial 2-hydroxyl group is inverted via oxidation followed by borohydride reduction. Acetylation gives the known 4,6-O-benzylidene hexaacetyl derivative of sucrose, which is identified by mixture melting point.