gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral and Parenteral Toxicity of Vitamin K1, Phthiocol and 2 Methyl 1, 4, Naphthoquinone (1940)

The acute and chronic toxicity of Phthiocol, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and vitamin K1 was studied in mice, rats, and chicks. The oral L.D. 50 in mice was found to be approximately 0.2 g per kg for Phthiocol and 0.5 g per kg for 2-methyl-1,4-naphtho-quinone; no lethal effect could be produced by doses up to 25 g per kg of vitamin K1. In the chronic experiments in rats, daily feeding over a period of 30 consecutive days of 0.35 g per kg of Phthiocol, and 0.5 g per kg of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone was toxic; doses of 0.1 g per kg of Phthiocol and 0.35 g per kg of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone produced a marked fall of the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin. No such effects were observed following vitamin K1 administration. In the abdominal cavity of animals sacrificed 10 days after an intraperitoneal injection of vitamin K1 considerable amounts of an oily suspension could be observed, indicating an extremely slow rate of absorption of vitamin K1.
Characterization of Radiolabeled Fluoromisonidazole as a Probe for Hypoxic Cells (1987)

Janet S. Rasey, Zdenka Grunbaum, Sara Magee, Norma J. Nelson, Peggy L. Olive, Ralph E. Durand, Kenneth A. Krohn, Characterization of Radiolabeled Fluoromisonidazole as a Probe for Hypoxic Cells, Radiation Research, Vol. 111, No. 2 (Aug., 1987), pp. 292-304
Synthesis of 4,6-Dimethoxyindoles (1986)

Syntheses are described for nine new 4,6-dimethoxyindoles, incorporating phenyl, pyridin-2-yl, methoxycarbonyl , carboxy and methyl groups in the 2- and/or 3-positions.
Recombination, RNA evolution, and bifunctional RNA molecules isolated through Chimeric SELEX (1998)

Exchange of RNA structural domains through recombination can be used to engineer RNAs with novel functions and may have played an important role in the early evolution of life. The degree of function an RNA element retains upon recombination into a new sequence context is a measure of how deleterious or beneficial recombination will be. When we fused pairs of aptamers previously selected to bind coenzyme A, chloramphenicol, or adenosine, the chimerae retained some ability to bind both targets, but with reduced binding activity both in solution and on affinity resins, probably due to misfolding. Complex populations of recombined RNAs gave similar results. Applying dual selection pressure to recombined populations yielded the combinations that were best suited to binding both targets. Most reselected RNAs folded into the active conformation more readily than chimerae built from arbitrarily chosen aptamers, as indicated both by solution Kd measurements and affinity resin binding activity. Deletion/selection experiments confirmed that the sequences required for binding are fully contained within the respective domains and not derived from interaction between the domains, consistent with the modular architecture of their original design. The combinatorial nature of the recombination methods presented here takes advantage of the full sequence diversity of the starting populations and yields large numbers of bifunctional molecules (10(6) to more than 1012). The method can be easily generalized and should be applicable to engineering dual-function RNAs for a wide variety of applications, including catalysis, novel therapeutics, and studies of long-range RNA structure.
In Vivo Bio-distribution and Efficient Tumor Targeting of Gelatin/Silica Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery (2016)

The non-viral gene delivery system is an attractive alternative to cancer therapy. The clinical success of non-viral gene delivery is hampered by transfection efficiency and tumor targeting, which can be individually overcome by addition of functional modules such as cell penetration or targeting. Here, we first engineered the multifunctional gelatin/silica (GS) nanovectors with separately controllable modules, including tumor-targeting aptamer AGRO100, membrane-destabilizing peptide HA2, and polyethylene glycol (PEG), and then studied their bio-distribution and in vivo transfection efficiencies by contrast resonance imaging (CRI). The results suggest that the sizes and zeta potentials of multifunctional gelatin/silica nanovectors were 203-217 nm and 2-8 mV, respectively. Functional GS-PEG nanoparticles mainly accumulated in the liver and tumor, with the lowest uptake by the heart and brain. Moreover, the synergistic effects of tumor-targeting aptamer AGRO100 and fusogenic peptide HA2 promoted the efficient cellular internalization in the tumor site. More importantly, the combined use of AGRO100 and PEG enhanced tumor gene expression specificity and effectively reduced toxicity in reticuloendothelial system (RES) organs after intravenous injection. Additionally, low accumulation of GS-PEG was observed in the heart tissues with high gene expression levels, which could provide opportunities for non-invasive gene therapy.
The Sphingosine Kinase 1/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Pathway in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2014)

The SphK1/S1P axis is a novel pathway in PAH that promotes PASMC proliferation, a major contributor to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our results suggest that this pathway is a potential therapeutic target in PAH.
Deconfinement of vortices with continuously variable fractions of the unit flux quanta in two-gap superconductors (2007)

We propose a new stage of confiment-decofinment transition, which can be observed in laboratory. In two-gap superconductors (SCs), two kinds of vortex exist and each of them carries a continuously variable fraction of the unit flux quanta Phi_0=h c / 2 e. The confined state of these two is a usual vortex and stable in the low temperature region of the system under a certain magnetic field above H_c1. We see an analogy to quarks in a charged pion. An entropy gain causes two fractional vortices to be deconfined above a certain temperature.
Oxalate route for promoting activity of manganese oxide catalysts in total VOCs’ oxidation: effect of calcination temperature and preparation method (2013)

Oxalate route was applied to synthesize mesoporous manganese oxides and their catalytic activity for VOCs’ oxidation was significantly promoted.
Effects of Processing Parameters on the Fiber Diameter of Melt Blown Nonwoven Fabrics (2005)

Our air drawing model of polymers in the melt blowing process is verified by the experimental results obtained with our university’s equipment. The predicted fiber diameters tally well with the experimental data. The effects of the processing parameters on the fiber diameters are further investigated in this paper. We find that a lower polymer flow rate, a higher initial polymer temperature, a higher initial air velocity, and a higher polymer melt flow index can all produce finer fibers, while the effect of the initial air temperature is insignificant. The results reveal the great potential of this research for computer assisted design of the melt blowing technology.
FACE DETECTION FOR VIDEO SUMMARY USING ENHANCEMENT BASED FUSION STRATEGY (2014)

This paper investigates a fusion strategy in the enhancement-based skin color segmentation approach that can improve the performance of face detection algorithm. The algorithm is invariant for the complex background, skin races, indoor and outdoor lighting conditions. The algorithm is split into three phases. The first phase adopts spatial transform techniques in parallel to improve the contrast of the image, transform the enhanced images into YCbCr images, apply skin segmentation technique and yield the binary segmented images. The second phase calculates the weight of accuracy (WoA) of each of the segmented image and fed it into the fusion strategy to get the final skin detected region. The last phase involves face localization. The approach is not limited to only frontal face detection but it is invariant with the different head poses, illumination condition, and size of faces. The experimental result demonstrates the improvement in the accuracy and precision but reduction in FPR as compared to other classifiers.
Review Lecture - Anti-sound (1984)

Abstract The principles by which acoustic and vibrational fields can be mimicked and cancelled by secondary sources are reviewed. Devices for exploiting this aspect of linear wave fields have been discussed and experimented with for some fifty years but it is only in the last decade that active noise control has emerged as a practical possibility. Known applications are reviewed, their performance is summarized and what constraints currently limit system performance are discussed. Developments are described that link the ‘anti-sound’ problem with that of adaptive beam forming in antenna systems, and both deterministic and statistical criteria for optimal adaptation are discussed. These developments concern multi-degree-of-freedom systems of wide bandwidth, and their application is strictly limited to linear fields. Some nonlinear fields may also be amenable to active control and the paper ends with some speculative discussion of the scope and significance of that area.
Breast milk against coeliac disease (2002)

Should we advise mothers to continue breast feeding while gluten is introduced into their babies’ diets?

Coeliac disease is a multifactorial disorder developing as a result of a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors.1 HLA and non-HLA genes are involved, and gluten is obviously a critical environmental factor as the disease goes into remission when gluten is eliminated from the diet. The important case control study by Ivarsson et al concludes that feeding with breast milk when gluten is introduced in children under the age of two years protects against coeliac disease. Breast milk can therefore be considered an environmental factor for this disease as well.

Proving causality using epidemiology is demanding.2 There may be both recognised and unrecognised confounding factors associated with breast feeding, which are not properly adjusted for. The authors controlled for one obvious factor—gluten intake. Introducing large amounts of gluten increased the risk of coeliac disease compared with small or medium amounts. Notwithstanding, multivariate analysis demonstrated that breast feeding at the time of gluten introduction in itself reduced the risk of coeliac disease. A plausible mechanism would strengthen the evidence for a causal relationship. What could then be the mechanisms for this protective effect?

The lactating mammary gland and the infant intestine is an immunological dyad.3,4 Human milk contains defence factors such as secretory IgA antibodies, free secretory component, lysozyme, and lactoferrin which …
BLOODR: blood donor and requester mobile application (2017)

BLOODR application provides a reliable platform to connect local blood donors with patients. BLOODR creates a communication channel through authenticated clinics whenever a patient needs blood donation. It is a useful tool to find compatible blood donors who can receive blood request posts in their local area. Clinics can use this web application to maintain the blood donation activity. Future improvement of the BLOODR is explained.
SUMOylation substrates in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (2005)

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by the presence of ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions (NII) in neuronal cells. We demonstrate that NIIs in both sporadic and familial NIID contained the small ubiquitin modifier-1 (SUMO-1) and the SUMOylation substrates promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Both PML and SUMO-1 are major components of nuclear bodies (NBs), suggesting that the NIIs in NIID, as well as the intranuclear inclusions in polyglutamine diseases, might derive from these intranuclear functional domains that serve as sites for ubiquitin-related protein degradation. HDAC4 was also a major component of the NIIs. HDACs are transcriptional corepressors that regulate histone remodelling, and NBs are thought to be sites at which the level of histone acetylation is controlled. The presence of PML, SUMO-1 and HDAC4 in NIIs suggests that transcriptional activity regulated by histone acetylation might contribute to the disease process in NIID. In addition, we showed that another SUMOylation substrate, RanGAP1 is associated with NIIs only in the familial NIID patient. This might be explained by different pathogenetic mechanisms underlying subcategories of NIID, which is very heterogeneous.
Comparison of the Clinical Performances of the Immunoenzymometric Assays for N-Terminal and C-Terminal Type I Collagen Telopeptides and the HPLC Assay for Pyridinium Cross-Links (1997)

We evaluated the clinical performances of the immunoenzymometric assays for type I collagen N-terminal and C-terminal telopeptides and the HPLC assay for total deoxypyridinoline, in distinguishing between subjects with a moderately increased bone resorption rate (women in postmenopause) and subjects with normal bone resorption rate (women in premenopause). The postmenopausal group consisted of 61 women who had been in menopause for no more than 10 years, while the premenopausal group consisted of 52 healthy women with normal menstrual cycles. The biochemical markers were measured in a 24 hour urine sample and the results expressed as the molar ratio with urinary creatinine. The clinical performances were estimated by calculating the accuracy (as the area under a Receiver Operated Characteristic (ROC) curve: mean +/- SEM) and the discriminating power (as score) of each assay in distinguishing postmenopausal subjects from premenopausal subjects. Type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide, type I collagen N-terminal telopeptide and total deoxypyridinoline were significantly higher in the postmenopausal than in the premenopausal group (p < 0.01). Accuracies of these three markers ranged from 66.8 +/- 5.1% to 76.8 +/- 4.3%, while Z scores ranged from 3.54 to 5.67. Type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide, type I collagen N-terminal telopeptide and total deoxypyridinoline were not significantly different in their accuracy or discriminating power. All markers were highly correlated with coefficients of correlation ranging from 0.61 to 0.77. In summary, this study shows that 1) the immunoenzymometric assays for type I collagen N-terminal telopeptide and type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide show a high accuracy and discriminating power in distinguishing subjects with different bone resorption rate; 2) the results obtained with these immunoenzymometric assays are comparable to those obtained with the HPLC assay for total deoxypyridinoline. In conclusion our data support the use of the immunoenzymometric assays for type I collagen N-terminal telopeptide and type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide for estimating bone resorption.
A genetic map for <i>Brassica oleracea</i> based on RFLP markers detected with expressed DNA sequences and mapping of resistance genes to race 2 of <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> (Woronin) (1992)

F 2 segregation analyses of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected between a cabbage line (No. 86-16-5) resistant to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin), the fungus responsible for clubroot disease, and a rapid cycling line (CrGC No. 85) was used to construct a detailed genetic map of Brassica oleracea. RFLP markers were random and seedling-specific cDNA clones. The 201 loci so far mapped in B. oleracea covered 1112 cM. They are assembled into nine major linkage groups and four small linkage groups. Twelve loci were found unlinked to any other markers. Twenty-one loci were detected with the 18 seedling-specific cDNAs. Two dominant QTLs for resistance to race 2 of the clubroot disease causal agent were also identified. Leaf morphology and biennial flowering appeared to segregate as single Mendelian traits, but only leaf morphology could be linked to other markers. This RFLP study in B. oleracea is providing additional information on genome organization and complements current RFLP mapping effort in B. napus.Key words: genetic mapping, Brassica oleracea, Plasmodiophora brassicae, breeding, clubroot resistance, DNA markers, RFLP.
Type-II InGaN-GaNAs quantum wells for lasers applications (2008)

We present a visible III-nitride gain medium based on type-II InGaN-GaNAs quantum well (QW), employing thin dilute-As (∼3%) GaNAs layer. The utilization of GaNAs layer shifts the hole confinement to the center of the type-II QW, which significantly reduces the charge separation effect. The optical gain and spontaneous recombination rate of the type-II InGaN-GaNAs QW are analyzed and compared with those of conventional InGaN QW emitting in the blue regime (λ∼450nm), using six-band k.p formalism for energy dispersion of the III-nitride wurtzite semiconductor. The use of type-II QW leads to significant improvement in the optical gain and spontaneous recombination rate.
Elimination of polyimide stress buffer on integrated circuits using advanced packaging materials (2003)

Polyimide is typically used as the final layer in silicon technology process integration. Its primary purpose is to protect the topside structures and relieve the interface of stresses introduced during and after encapsulation. However, developments in mold compound technology as well as in wafer fabrication techniques have caused the industry to re-evaluate the need for a polyimide stress buffer. Mold compound fillers have become finer and more spherical, reducing particulate pressure loading from the fillers on the die top surface. Additionally, the use of CMP in wafer fabrication reduces topographical variations, which result in less stress points on the die surface., This paper presents the evaluations that were conducted to assess the continued use of polyimide, and the effort made to eliminate if from some microelectronic packages. Moisture characterization data for several MAPBGA packages are included and package performance without polyimide is assessed. It was concluded that the removal of polyimide from these devices does not significantly affect the yields, but more work needs to be done to realize the limitations.
Texture-Integrated Classification of Urban Treed Areas in High-Resolution Color-Infrared Imagery (2001)

lkaditional multispectral classification methods have not provided satisfying results for treed area extraction from highresolution digital imagery because trees are characterized not only by their spectral but also by their textural properties. Treed areas in urban regions are especially dificult to extract due to their small area. Many other urban objects, such as lawn and playgrounds, cause confusion because they display similar, even identical, spectral properties. In this study a texture integrated classification method is proposed. To effectively extract tree textural features and eliminate noise, an algorithm of conditional variance detection is developed, which consists of a directional variance detection and a local variance detection. This algorithm detects tree features with higher accuracy than common texture algorithms. By integrating the new algorithm with traditional multispectral classification, treed areas in urban regions can be extracted with sufficiently high accuracy. Application of the new approach in different urban areas indicates that the average accuracy of treed area extraction was increased from 67 percent, using a multispectral classification, to 96 percent, using the texture integrated classification.
Change and challenge in health care education and training: ASHET (American Society for Healthcare Education and Training) national membership survey results. (1990)

Education and training are vital and yet rapidly changing components of the health care delivery system. Understanding and adapting to these changes are critically important to all health care professionals who represent the leadership in the industry. A major objective of the American Society for Healthcare Education and Training is the periodic measurement, assessment, and reporting of these changes. Toward this objective, ASHET commissioned a survey of its entire national membership in the fall of 1988. The following are the results of this survey.
Standards association of New Zealand (1972)

Prompted by the Editorial in Vol. 4 No. 1 of the Bulletin, I comment on some items of Table 5B of Amendment No. 3 to Chapter 8 of N.Z.S.S. 1900.
Transgenic Rice Plants Containing a Chlorsulfuron Resistance Gene, a Hygromycin Resistance Gene and the Maizeactivator Transposable Element. (1992)

A mutant Arabidopsis acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene csr-1-1, conferring chlorsulfuron resistance, was tested in transgenic rice to develop an alternative selectable marker for rice transformation. Up to a 200-fold increase in chlorsulfuron resistance was detected in transgenic rice calli expressing the mutant ALS gene under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Efficient selection of resistant protoplast colonies was achieved by using 10 to 50 nM of chlorsulfuron after transformation with the 35S/ALS gene. Fertile transgenic rice plants were successfully recovered from 35S/ALS-containing transformants. These results demonstrated that the 35S/ALS gene could be used as a selectable marker gene in rice transformation. Progeny of protoplast-derived nontransformed rice plants and transgenic rice plants containing the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene and the maize activator (Ac) transposable element were investigated in a field experiment. Comparison with seed-derived plants for six major agronomic traits indicated that nontransformed protoplast-derived plants were essentially indistinguishable from the parent cultivar, suggesting that somaclonal variation in these plants was not significant. Hph-containing transgenic plants were relatively normal. The generally low fertility in these plants may have been caused by the hygromycin selection procedure. In the majority of transgenic rice plants, the hph gene was inherited as a single dominant locus. Transferred DNA was maintained stably in the rice genome through the third generation of selfing. Ac-containing transgenic plants produced a significantly higher frequency of phenotypic variations than protoplast-derived nontransformed plants and transgenic plants containing the hph gene. In some varied traits such as sterility and albinism were segregated as a single locus among transgenic progeny and may have been associated with the presence of an active Ac element. This field experiment enabled us to assess the traits of transgenic rice plants for transposon tagging and obtain useful mutant materials.
Libraries Without Walls: Vision for a National Information Infrastructure (1994)

ABSTRACT Selected highlights of the Clinton Administration's plans for the National Information Infrastructure are presented. The concept of a “library without walls” will be made possible with the use of advanced telecommunications and information technology.
Polymer‐Fulleren‐Solarzellen (2007)

Abstract Nichtfossile Energien wie die Sonnenenergie stehen zunehmend im Mittelpunkt unterschiedlichster Forschungsfelder. Vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Entwicklung preiswerter und leichter Photovoltaikeinheiten bieten organische Polymere, die eine einfache Fertigung der aktiven Schichten durch Verfahren in Lösung ermöglichen. Die Funktion derartiger excitonischer Solarzellen beruht auf dem photoinduzierten Elektronentransfer von einem Donor zu einem Akzeptor. Ein mittlerweile sehr verbreitetes Akzeptormaterial sind Fullerene, die sich durch eine hohe Elektronenaffinität und einen effizienten Ladungstransport auszeichnen. Am effektivsten sind solche Solarzellen als bikontinuierliches Polymer‐Fulleren‐Komposit, auch als Heteroübergang bezeichnet. Die zurzeit besten derartigen Solarzellen erreichen einen Wirkungsgrad von etwa 5 %; um anwendungs‐ und markttaugliche Systeme zu erhalten, muss jedoch erst das komplexe Wechselspiel zwischen der Morphologie der aktiven Schicht und ihren elektronischen Eigenschaften deutlich besser verstanden werden.