gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Properties of Fe&lt;tex&gt;$_3$&lt;/tex&gt;O&lt;tex&gt;$_4$&lt;/tex&gt;Nanoparticles Encapsulated With Poly(D,L Lactide-Co-Glycolide) (2004)

We have investigated the magnetic properties of Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ nanoparticles encapsulated with poly(D,L lactide-Co-glycolide) (PLGA) prepared by an emulsification-diffusion technique. The size of nanoparticles was reduced down to 90 nm through the optimization of the preparation condition such as homogenizer and agitator speed. Zero-field-cooled (ZFC)/field-cooled (FC) magnetization, magnetic hysteresis, and relaxation measurement were performed using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer from 5 K to 300 K to investigate the magnetic properties of nanoparticles. The SQUID measurements show superparamagnetism of nanoparticles with a blocking temperature of 120 K. By measuring the magnetic relaxation of the magnetization at 5 K, we obtained magnetic viscosity of PLGA-encapsulated Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ nanoparticles.
A deductive approach for problem representation and modeling support: conceptual schema and object-oriented models (2002)

The author presents a knowledge-base design for problem representation and modeling support which provides an integrated (unified) environment for the organization, manipulation, and management of data, problems, and models; that represents knowledge at the conceptual-schema level and at the data structure level; and supports multiple levels of abstraction for problem/model representation. He proposes an extended entity-relationship model for the conceptual-schema representation, and an object-oriented model for the data structure representation. The mapping from the E/sup 2/R model to the object-oriented representation is quite natural. Problem representation, model building, and decision support under this approach are based on modeling by deduction which is implemented using three processes: instantiation, inheritance, and specialization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Projections (2006)

Orthogonal neighborhood preserving projections (ONPP) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique which attempts to preserve both the intrinsic neighborhood geometry of the data samples and the global geometry. The proposed technique constructs a weighted data graph where the weights are constructed in a data-driven fashion, similarly to locally linear embedding (LLE). A major difference with the standard LLE where the mapping between the input and the reduced spaces is implicit, is that ONPP employs an explicit linear mapping between the two. As a result, and in contrast with LLE, handling new data samples becomes straightforward, as this amounts to a simple linear transformation. ONPP shares some of the properties of locality preserving projections (LPP). Both ONPP and LPP rely on a k-nearest neighbor graph in order to capture the data topology. However, our algorithm inherits the characteristics of LLE in preserving the structure of local neighborhoods, while LPP aims at preserving only locality without specifically aiming at preserving the geometric structure. This feature makes ONPP an effective method for data visualization. We provide ample experimental evidence to demonstrate the advantageous characteristics of ONPP, using well known synthetic test cases as well as real life data from computational biology and computer vision.
Basics of SPECT, PET and PET/CT Imaging (2006)

In the diagnostic imaging two kinds of modalities can be differentiated. On one side the anatomical imaging, providing a very accurate visualization of the intern structures of the human body; and the functional imaging, which is aimed to quantify the physiological processes taking place inside the human body without influencing them. One of the most widely spread practices used for this purpose are contained in the Nuclear Medicine Diagnostics.
Hover: Trustworthy Elections with Hash-Only Verification (2012)

Hover (Hash-Only Verification), an end-to-end (E2E) verifiable voting system with distributed trust, uses only a collision-resistant hash function for verification. Such verification could make E2E elections more accessible to people without a strong cryptography background.
High Abrasion Resistance with Sparse Mineralization: Copper Biomineral in Worm Jaws (2002)

Biominerals are widely exploited to harden or stiffen tissues in living organisms, with calcium-, silicon-, and iron-based minerals being most common. In notable contrast, the jaws of the marine bloodworm Glycera dibranchiata contain the copper-based biomineral atacamite [Cu2(OH)3Cl]. Polycrystalline fibers are oriented with the outer contour of the jaw. Using nanoindentation, we show that the mineral has a structural role and enhances hardness and stiffness. Despite the low degree of mineralization, bloodworm jaws exhibit an extraordinary resistance to abrasion, significantly exceeding that of vertebrate dentin and approaching that of tooth enamel.
Architecture and evaluation of a high-speed networking subsystem for distributed-memory systems (1994)

Achieving high-speed network I/O on distributed-memory systems is difficult because their architecture is in general ill-suited for communication processing. Some of the common problems are: inability to do protocol processing, inefficient handling of data distribution, and poor management of the I/O. In this paper we present an I/O architecture that addresses these problems and supports high-speed network I/O on distributed-memory systems. The key to good performance is to partition the work appropriately between the system and the network interface. We perform some communication tasks on the distributed-memory parallel system since it is more powerful, and less likely to become a bottleneck than the network interface. Tasks that do not parallelize well are performed on the network interface and hardware support is provided for the most time-critical operations. We emphasize the use of simple I/O mechanisms that can be used by programming tools that map applications on the distributed-memory system to implement efficient I/O for the class of applications they support.This architecture has been implemented for the iWarp distributed-memory system. We describe this implementation and present performance results.
Temperature influence on the stability and chemical composition of electron beam‐irradiated polytetrafluoroethylene (1999)

Polytetrafluoroethylene powder (PTFE) was exposed to electron beam radiation in presence of air. The irradiation mainly resulted in chain scission and induction of oxygenated groups and radicals as well as unsaturation. The thermal behavior of the irradiated PTFE and the fate of the radicals were studied comprehensively. Apart from fluorine, saturated and unsaturated fluorocarbons and oxygen-containing groups were released during heating. Furthermore, irradiation-generated peroxy radicals were transformed into alkyl radicals in a partly reversible process. A proposal for the complex reaction mechanisms of irradiated PTFE is given. The thermal stability of irradiated PTFE was improved by annealing. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2404–2411, 1999
Alterations of myelin‐specific proteins and sphingolipids characterize the brains of acid sphingomyelinase‐deficient mice, an animal model of Niemann–Pick disease type A (2009)

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type A is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by sphingomyelin (SM) accumulation in lysosomes relying on reduced or absent acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. NPD-A patients develop progressive neurodegeneration including cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, relevant Purkinje cell and myelin deficiency with death within 3 years. ASM'knock-out' (ASMKO) mice, an animal model of NPD-A, develop a phenotype largely mimicking that of NPD-A. The mechanisms underlying myelin formation are poorly documented in ASMKO mice. In this study we determined the content of four myelin-specific proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP), myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) and proteolipid protein (PLP), and that of myelin-enriched sphingolipids in the brains of ASMKO and wild-type mice in early stages of post-natal (pn) life. Protein and mRNA analysis revealed that in ASMKO mice beginning from 4 post-natal weeks (wk-pn), the expression levels of MAG, CNP, and MBP were below those observed in wild-type mice and the same applied to PLP at 10 wk-pn. Moreover, at 4 wk-pn the expression of SOX10, one of the transcription factors involved in oligodendrocyte development and maintenance was lower in ASMKO mice. Lipid analysis showed that SM and the gangliosides GM3 and GM2 accumulated in the brains of ASMKO mice, as opposed to galactocerebroside and galactosulfocerebroside that, in parallel with the mRNAs of UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase and galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1, the two transferases involved in their synthesis, decreased. Myelin lipid analysis showed a progressive sphingomyelin accumulation in ASMKO mice; noteworthy, of the two sphingomyelin species known to be resolved by TLC, only that with the lower Rf accumulated. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the reduced expression of myelin specific proteins in ASMKO mice at 10 wk-pn was not restricted to the Purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex but involved the cerebral cortex as well. In conclusion, reduced oligodendrocyte metabolic activity is likely to be the chief cause of myelin deficiency in ASMKO mice, thus shedding light on the molecular dysfunctions underlying neurodegeneration in NPD-A.
Hybrid intelligent control of a lab model helicopter pitch dynamics (2007)

In this paper, the pitch angle control for a lab model helicopter is discussed. This problem has some specific features. As a main unusual feature, it is observed that the steady state control command is completely dependent on the setpoint, so error-based controllers do not suit this problem. Moreover, the system is of a highly oscillating dynamic. In order to solve this control problem, two controllers are designed, an artificial neural network, whose input is the setpoint, is used to provide steady state control command, and a fuzzy inference system, whose input is error, is used to provide transient control command. The total control command is the sum of two aforementioned control commands. The systempsilas robustness is also checked against any probable disturbance and parameter change. It is shown that the system is likely to be completely robust against any possible disturbance or parameter change in lab environment. In order make the system robust against a special kind of parameter change which is impossible to happen in the lab, a setpoint modification algorithm is offered to vanish the steady state error and provide a rather short settling time.
Performance of the excision CFAR detector in the presence of interferers (1990)

The presence of interferers in the sample set used by various types of cell-averaging CFAR detectors for estimation of the noise power can cause a drastic degradation in performance. The paper analyses the effect of interferers on the performance of the excision CFAR detector. In this detector strong samples that exceed an excision threshold are excised from the sample set prior to the cell-averaging operation. The performance of the excision CFAR detector is analysed in both a benign environment and in an environment of an arbitrary number of interferers in the sample set. A Rayleigh fluctuating signal (Swerling Case 1) is used as a model for the received signal. It is found that the detectability loss of the detector in a benign environment is very low and that the degradation in performance caused by interferers is quite small even if the number of interferers is large.
A Capacitance-Based Reference Scheme for a 14b-Linear, 100 MS/s SAR-Assisted Pipeline ADC (2013)

Voltage reference buffers have always been the most power-hungry blocks in switched-capacitor SAR ADCs. High frequency dynamic loading of the buffer by the capacitive DAC causes glitches on the reference voltage, and the buffer has to be fast enough to recover such transients to 1/2 LSB precision in every bit cycle. Such stringent requirements entail an immensely capable buffer for high-speed, high-resolution converters. One obvious olution circumventing the active buffer is to use a stand-alone capacitor that holds the reference voltage during SAR evaluation. This solution accompanies, besides good power efficiency, excellent DAC settling speed and noise properties, thereby greatly helping the ADC FoM. Reducing the capacitance of the stand-alone capacitor for chip area concerns brings in code-dependent errors on the reference, leading to heavy distortion. This project implements an area-conscious, capacitance-based reference buffer scheme for a 14b-linear, 100 MS/s SAR-assisted pipeline ADC in 28 nm CMOS. With moderately-valued capacitances, two elaborate calibration techniques are proposed that help to suppress the reference-induced distortion to less than 84 dB, effectively not degrading the SNDR. Designed for 12-bit SNR, the prototype ADC with the implemented reference scheme consumes 1.81 mW and achieves a Schreier FoM of 175.5 dB.
Infrared Study of Adsorbed Molecules on Metal Surfaces by Reflection Techniques (1966)

The problem of obtaining the infrared spectrum of a molecular monolayer adsorbed on a bulk metal is discussed. The intensity of an infrared absorption band in radiation reflected from the surface is calculated for (a) various optical constants of the adsorbed layer and the metal, (b) various thicknesses of the adsorbed layer, (c) various angles of incidence, and (d) both states of polarization of the incident radiation. The absorption factor for infrared radiation polarized parallel to the plane of incidence typically has a peak at an incident angle of about 88°, where the absorption is 5000 times greater than at normal incidence. The absorption of a thin layer by the reflection technique, at optimum conditions, is calculated to be about 25 times greater than by transmission through the unsupported film at normal incidence.
The creation, validation, and continuing development of the Oucher: a measure of pain intensity in children. (1992)

This is the first article written by this group of authors/researchers who are collaborating on the development of the Oucher, an assessment tool to assist 3- to 12-year-olds describe the intensity of pain. The background and conceptual framework for its development, the research supporting the validation of the original Oucher, the research to create new ethnic versions, and the basic instructions for clinical use are described. In addition, several issues regarding the continued development and use of the Oucher are identified, including those relative to poster size and the gender and ethnicity of the photographed child. This article illustrates the precision and care needed to create clinically useful tools for obtaining information directly from young children.
Variation on the Anchor Balloon Technique for Difficult Stent Delivery (2007)

Stent delivery failure happens in about five percent of coronary stent implantation. In this case report, we describe a new technique, which improves the support of guiding catheter and allowed the adequate delivery of a second stent after using an anchor balloon technique in a stent implanted distally. This technique is relatively easy to perform, and has a low risk of complications, as the anchor balloon is inflated inside a stent.
Heterogeneity of Pathologic Lesions in Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (1988)

We analyzed lung specimens from 23 affected members of 13 families with known familial primary pulmonary hypertension. In this heritable disease, the pathogenetic basis of disease should be distinct within families, and the pathologic lesions should reflect the underlying biologic mechanisms. Two pathologic types of primary pulmonary hypertension have been proposed to exist, "plexogenic" and "thromboembolic." The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and variety of pathologic lesions in families with familial primary pulmonary hypertension and to discover whether the pattern of pathologic lesions found supported the existence of two types of disease. We found marked heterogeneity of pathologic lesions within and among families, including frequent coexistence of thrombotic and plexiform lesions. We conclude that the lesions found in primary pulmonary hypertension are not specific but represent different manifestations of the same pathologic process. Thus, plexiform and thrombotic lesions of the pulmonary arterioles may not arise from distinctly different biologic processes but may simply be different manifestations of the same process. Further insights in primary pulmonary hypertension must come from study of the biologic aspects of the intimal lesion.
Recombinant immunotoxins targeting B-cell maturation antigen are cytotoxic to myeloma cell lines and myeloma cells from patients (2017)

Recombinant immunotoxins targeting B-cell maturation antigen are cytotoxic to myeloma cell lines and myeloma cells from patients
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiAl-Ti2AlC Composites Produced by Combustion Reaction Process. (1995)

To enhance the negligible low-temperature ductility and low high-temperature strength of titanium aluminides, TiAl-Ti2AlC composites were made by the combustion reaction process, following arc-melting. The alloy compositions included Ti52Al43C5, Ti50Al45C5 and Ti48Al47C5 in at%. The resulting composites had about l8vol%Ti2AlC in the matrix TiAl with a lamellar structure of Ti3Al. In the annealed specimens, smaller particles were visible in the matrix, and appeared to form in place of solutionizing lamellae. Therefore, carbon atoms in the matrix, probably in the Ti3Al phase, formed carbide Ti2AlC particles with the smaller sizes. On the other hand, the behavior with regard to change in lattice parameters and Vickers hardness suggested a reduction in the solubility of carbon in the TiAl phase with decrease in annealing temperature. For the Ti50Al45C5 alloy, annealed at 1273K, ambient-temperature ductility up to 0.9% was achieved in bending.
Automating the Packing Heuristic Design Process with Genetic Programming (2011)

The literature shows that one-, two-, and three-dimensional bin packing and knapsack packing are difficult problems in operational research. Many techniques, including exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic approaches, have been investigated to solve these problems and it is often not clear which method to use when presented with a new instance. This paper presents an approach which is motivated by the goal of building computer systems which can design heuristic methods. The overall aim is to explore the possibilities for automating the heuristic design process. We present a genetic programming system to automatically generate a good quality heuristic for each instance. It is not necessary to change the methodology depending on the problem type (one-, two-, or three-dimensional knapsack and bin packing problems), and it therefore has a level of generality unmatched by other systems in the literature. We carry out an extensive suite of experiments and compare with the best human designed heuristics in the literature. Note that our heuristic design methodology uses the same parameters for all the experiments. The contribution of this paper is to present a more general packing methodology than those currently available, and to show that, by using this methodology, it is possible for a computer system to design heuristics which are competitive with the human designed heuristics from the literature. This represents the first packing algorithm in the literature able to claim human competitive results in such a wide variety of packing domains.
A role for the IgH intronic enhancer Eμ in enforcing allelic exclusion (2008)

The intronic enhancer (E mu) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus is critical for V region gene assembly. To determine E mu's subsequent functions, we created an Igh allele with assembled V(H) gene but with E mu removed. In mice homozygous for this E mu-deficient allele, B cell development was normal and indistinguishable from that of mice with the same V(H) knockin and E mu intact. In mice heterozygous for the E mu-deficient allele, however, allelic exclusion was severely compromised. Surprisingly, this was not a result of reduced suppression of V-DJ assembly on the second allele. Rather, the striking breakdown in allelic exclusion took place at the pre-B to immature B cell transition. These findings reveal both an important role for E mu in influencing the fate of newly arising B cells and a second checkpoint for allelic exclusion.
Fault detection, isolation, and diagnosis of status self-validating gas sensor arrays (2016)

The traditional gas sensor array has been viewed as a simple apparatus for information acquisition in chemosensory systems. Gas sensor arrays frequently undergo impairments in the form of sensor failures that cause significant deterioration of the performance of previously trained pattern recognition models. Reliability monitoring of gas sensor arrays is a challenging and critical issue in the chemosensory system. Because of its importance, we design and implement a status self-validating gas sensor array prototype to enhance the reliability of its measurements. A novel fault detection, isolation, and diagnosis (FDID) strategy is presented in this paper. The principal component analysis-based multivariate statistical process monitoring model can effectively perform fault detection by using the squared prediction error statistic and can locate the faulty sensor in the gas sensor array by using the variables contribution plot. The signal features of gas sensor arrays for different fault modes are extracted by using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) coupled with sample entropy (SampEn). The EEMD is applied to adaptively decompose the original gas sensor signals into a finite number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residual. The SampEn values of each IMF and the residual are calculated to reveal the multi-scale intrinsic characteristics of the faulty sensor signals. Sparse representation-based classification is introduced to identify the sensor fault type for the purpose of diagnosing deterioration in the gas sensor array. The performance of the proposed strategy is compared with other different diagnostic approaches, and it is fully evaluated in a real status self-validating gas sensor array experimental system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy provides an excellent solution to the FDID of status self-validating gas sensor arrays.
First Total Synthesis of Phenylpyridine Analogues of the Antimitotic Rhazinilam (2001)

The first synthesis of phenylpyridine analogues of rhazinilam and evaluation of these new structures as inhibitors of microtubule disassembly by interaction with tubulin are described. The synthesis is based on such key steps as picolinic metalation, hetero-ring cross-coupling and reduction of an acetyl group to an ethyl group. Elaboration of a quaternary picolinic carbon is one of the challenges of the synthesis. Biological evaluation of compounds bearing a quaternary picolinic carbon showed interactions with tubulin similar to (-)-rhazinilam but at a lower level.