gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Activity and Side Effects of Polyriboinosinic-Cytidylic Acid Complexes as Affected by Molecular Size (1972)

The decrease of the molecular size of poly(I.C) to less than 10(6) decreases its ability to induce interferon, protect mice against virus, or enhance the immune response. Immune adjuvant activity appeared more sensitive to molecular weight than the other protective activities. The composition of the complex-the molecular size of the individual homopolymers when one was large and the other small-did not affect antiviral activity; the activity of a complex made from large poly(I) and small poly(C) was similar to one made from small poly(I) and large poly(C). Molecular size of the complex did not profoundly alter the side effects of poly(I.C). At 2 mg/kg, none of the complexes markedly altered phagocytic function. Only the largest complex sensitized the mouse to endotoxin. However, all of the complexes studied profoundly inhibited drug metabolism by the liver microsomal enzymes between 24 and 72 hr after their inoculation. Decreasing the molecular weight did not alter this inhibition.
MAP dendrimer elicits antibodies for detecting rat and mouse GH‐binding proteins (2008)

The membrane-bound rat GH-R and an alternatively spliced isoform, the soluble rat GH-BP, are comprised of identical N-terminal GH-binding domains; however, their C-terminal sequences differ. Immunological reagents are needed to distinguish between the two isoforms in order to understand their respective roles in mediating the actions of GH. Accordingly, a tetravalent MAP dendrimer with four identical branches of a C-terminal peptide sequence of the rat GH-BP (GH-BP(263-279)) was synthesized and used as an immunogen in rabbits. Solid-phase peptide synthesis of four GH-BP(263-279) segments onto a tetravalent Lys(2)-Lys-beta-Ala-OH core peptide was carried out using Fmoc chemistry. The mass of the RP-HPLC-purified synthetic product, 8398 Da, determined by ESI-MS, was identical to expected mass. Three anti-rat GH-BP(263-279) MAP antisera, BETO-8039, BETO-8040, and BETO-8041, at dilutions of 10(-3), recognized both the rat GH-BP(263-279) MAP and recombinant mouse GH-BP with ED(50)s within a range of 5-10 fmol, but did not cross-react with BSA in dot blot analyses. BETO-8041 antisera (10(-3) dilution) recognized GH-BPs of rat serum and liver having M(r)s ranging from 35 to 130 kDa, but did not recognize full-length rat GH-Rs. The antisera also detected recombinant mouse GH-BPs. In summary, the tetravalent rat GH-BP(263-279) MAP dendrimer served as an effective immunogenic antigen in eliciting high titer antisera specific for the C-termini of both rat and mouse GH-BPs. The antisera will facilitate studies aimed at improving our understanding of the biology of GH-BPs.
Circular-polarised dielectric resonator antennaexcited by dualconformal strips (2000)

A circular-polarised cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna excited by dual conformal strips is investigated experimentally. The configuration offers a wide axial-ratio bandwidth of 20%. The measured axial ratio, radiation patterns and antenna gain of the configuration are presented and discussed.
Most apparent distortion: a dual strategy for full-reference image quality assessment (2009)

The mainstream approach to image quality assessment has centered around accurately modeling the single most relevant strategy employed by the human visual system (HVS) when judging image quality (e.g., detecting visible differences; extracting image structure/information). In this paper, we suggest that a single strategy may not be sufficient; rather, we advocate that the HVS uses multiple strategies to determine image quality. For images containing near-threshold distortions, the image is most apparent, and thus the HVS attempts to look past the image and look for the distortions (a detection-based strategy). For images containing clearly visible distortions, the distortions are most apparent, and thus the HVS attempts to look past the distortion and look for the image's subject matter (an appearance-based strategy). Here, we present a quality assessment method (MAD: Most Apparent Distortion) which attempts to explicitly model these two separate strategies. Local luminance and contrast masking are used to estimate detection-based perceived distortion in high-quality images, whereas changes in the local statistics of spatial-frequency components are used to estimate appearance-based perceived distortion in low-quality images. We show that a combination of these two measures can perform well in predicting subjective ratings of image quality.
Reading Recovery: An Independent Evaluation of the Effects of an Early Instructional Intervention for At-Risk Learners (1995)

Timothy Shanahan, Rebecca Barr, Reading Recovery: An Independent Evaluation of the Effects of an Early Instructional Intervention for At-Risk Learners, Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Oct. - Nov. - Dec., 1995), pp. 958-996
Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma (2020)

We thank G.J. Porter for his comments on our recently published editorial: “Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma” [1]. In the editorial, we reviewed some of the strongest evidence that may support our perspective. It was beyond the purpose of our manuscript to provide a full description of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. We strongly agree that evidence about the role of ACE2 in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is conflicting and our putative perspective was clearly pointed out in the paper. The debate around the role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection is ongoing and we appreciate the chance that G.J. Porter has given us to better elucidate some of its main aspects. The role of ACE2 receptor in SARS-CoV-2 infection and in COVID-19 outcomes is still debated, especially in children <https://bit.ly/35ZLf7V>
Crystal structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">FeS</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1988)

The crystal structure of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$${\mathrm{FeS}}_{2}$ has space group P3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}m1 with a=3.902(1) A\r{}, c=6.294(2) A\r{}, U=83.00 A${\r{}}^{3}$, and Z=1. The structure refinement gives a final residual ${R}_{f}$=0.043 for 283 observations and nine variables (from single-crystal data using Mo K\ensuremath{\alpha} radiation \ensuremath{\lambda}=0.710 69 A\r{}). The structure consists of hexagonally-close-packed layers of sulfur with iron and lithium, equally and randomly, filling all of the tetrahedral interstices between the more separated pairs of sulfur layers. The remaining lithium atoms fill the octahedral interstices between the alternate, closer sulfur layers. To our knowledge this is the first ternary compound to have Fe(II) coordinated by sulfur atoms.
Li-ion battery parameter identification with low pass filter for measurement noise rejection (2017)

The advent of Energy Management (EM) and Electric Vehicles (EV) have completely changed the use of batteries. Accurately estimating the remaining power in batteries has become increasingly important. In order to estimate precise battery state of charge (SOC)/state of health (SOH) value, accurate parameter identification is essential when constructing an accurate battery model. Even though we are able to exactly identify battery parameters offline, the precision of online parameter identification usually suffers from measurement noise, which is an unavoidable phenomenon. In this paper we investigate how battery parameter identification is influenced by measurement noise. The selection of a low pass filter is also discussed and a fourth order Butterworth filter is adopted to effectively reject high frequency measurement noise. This algorithm can help with the identification of battery parameter that rejects measurement noise and maintains the accuracy of online battery parameter identification for future online model-based battery SOC/SOH estimation.
THE STRUCTURE OF OLEANDOMYCIN (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE STRUCTURE OF OLEANDOMYCINF. A. Hochstein, Hans Els, W. D. Celmer, B. L. Shapiro, and R. B. WoodwardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 12, 3225–3227Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01497a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01497a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Routine Screening for Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Why Don't the Guidelines Agree? (2011)

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus remains a major public health problem in the United States. Prominent guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention differ in their recommendations on whether and how to screen adults and adolescents not known to be at higher risk. These discrepancies have led to controversy and debate as well as confusion among clinicians. This article reviews principles of screening, explains specific issues related to screening for human immunodeficiency virus, reviews the discrepancies between the US Preventive Services Task Force and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and the methods used in each guideline, and describes potential reasons for the discrepancies. The case of screening for human immunodeficiency virus illustrates how discrepancies between guidelines may be related to different guideline development methods as well as the different perspectives of the guideline development groups.
Key Factors Controlling the Transport of Silver Nanoparticles in Porous Media (2013)

The current study investigated the mobility of four silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilized using different capping agents and represent the common stabilization mechanisms as well as surface charging scenarios in reactive and nonreactive porous media. The AgNPs were (1) uncoated H2-AgNPs (electrostatically stabilized) and (2) citrate coated AgNPs (Citrate-AgNPs) (electrostatically stabilized), (3) polyvinylpyrrolidone coated AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) (sterically stabilized), and (4) branched polyethyleneimine coated AgNPs (BPEI-AgNPs) (electrosterically stabilized). The porous media were (1) quartz sand (QS), (2) ferrihydrite-coated sand (FcS), and (3) kaolin-coated sand (KcS). The H2-AgNPs and Citrate-AgNPs were readily mobile in QS but significantly retained in FcS and KcS with more deposition achieved in the KcS media. The deposition of the H2-AgNPs and Citrate-AgNPs followed the order of KcS > FcS > QS. The PVP-AgNPs breakthrough occurred more rapid as compared to the H2-AgNPs and Citrate-AgNPs but the deposition of PVP-AgNPs followed the same order of the electrostatically stabilized AgNPs (KcS > FcS > QS). The BPEI-AgNPs were readily mobile regardless of the porous media reactivity. Physicochemical interactions were the dominant filtration mechanism in the majority of the investigated cases but straining played the major role in the deposition of the electrostatically stabilized H2-AgNPs and Citrate-AgNPs in the KcS media. The results highlight the importance of both the stabilization mechanism and capping agent chemistry as key factors governing the transport of AgNPs in the environment.
Human cysteine proteinase inhibitors (1988)

The isolation and characterization of six human cysteine proteinase inhibitors is reported. Their distribution in human biological fluids is also described and discussed with respect to physiological function. Studies on kininogen and cystatin C with respect to structure-function relationships and, as a result of the cystatin C studies, a general model for the mechanism of cysteine proteinase inhibition by cystatins are presented. The model was used for the construction of synthetic inhibitors which showed good inhibitory properties against papain and the streptococcal cysteine proteinase. Structures of cDNA and gene for normal human cystatin C are accounted for, as well as studies on the cystatin C gene in patients suffering from hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA). As a result of this an RFLP that showed total co-segregation with the disease was found. It was concluded that the disease is caused by a point mutation in the cystatin C structural gene and that the RFLP will be a most useful tool for diagnosis of HCCAA. The production of recombinant cystatin C in E. coli is also reported and its possible use for treatment of HCCAA is discussed.
Artificial reality II (1991)

<p>The focus of Myron Krueger in Artificial Reality II is the interaction between humans and machines, both in the immediate interface and the associated cultural relationships. He uses the concept of artificial reality as a medium of experience and as a tool to examine the relationships between people and machines. When he first coined the term in the mid-1970s, his goal was full-body participation in computer events that were so compelling that they would be accepted as real experience. He wanted to create an artificial reality that would perceive human actions in a simulated world of sight, sounds, and other sensations and would make the experience of this illusion convincing. His focus was to create unencumbered, artificial realities where the humans could participate with their entire body without wearing any special instruments (be they sensors or displays) in an experience created by the computer. The environment could be controlled by preexisting programs, or could have operators intervene and use the computer to amplify their ability to interact with people. The intention was not to reproduce conventional reality but to create synthetic realities. </p>
Oral insulin delivery by means of solid lipid nanoparticles. (2007)

The aim of this work was to produce and characterize cetyl palmitate-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing insulin, and to evaluate the potential of these colloidal carriers for oral administration. SLN were prepared by a modified solvent emulsification-evaporation method based on a w/o/w double emulsion. The particle size, zeta potential and association efficiency of unloaded and insulin-loaded SLN were determined and were found to be around 350 nm, negatively charged and the insulin association efficiency was over 43%. After oral administration of insulin-loaded SLN to diabetic rats, a considerable hypoglycemic effect was observed during 24 hours. These results demonstrated that SLN promote the oral absorption of insulin.
Mutations in the adenovirus major late promoter: effects on viability and transcription during infection. (1987)

We developed an experimental system to examine the effects of mutations in the adenovirus major late promoter in its correct genomic location during a productive infection. A virus was constructed whose genome could be digested to give a rightward terminal DNA fragment extending from the XhoI site at 22.9 map units, which can be ligated or recombined with plasmid DNA containing adenovirus sequences extending from 0 to 22.9 or 26.5 map units, respectively. Mutations were made by bisulfite mutagenesis in the region between base pairs -52 and -12 with respect to the cap site at +1 and transferred to the appropriate plasmids for viral reconstruction. Of 19 mutant plasmid sequences containing single or multiple G-to-A transitions, 14 could be placed in the viral genome with no apparent change in phenotype. These mutant sequences included those which contained four transitions in the string of G residues immediately downstream of the TATA box. There were no alterations in rates of transcription from the major late promoter, sites of transcription initiation, or steady-state levels of late mRNAs. All of the five mutant sequences which could not be placed in virus contained multiple transitions both up- and downstream of the TATA box. Two of these apparently lethal mutant sequences were used in promoter fusion experiments to test their ability to promote transcription of rabbit beta-globin sequences placed in the dispensable E1 region of the virus. Both sequences showed diminished ability compared with wild-type sequences to promote transcription in this context. Comparisons between these two sequences and the viable mutant sequences suggest a role for the string of G residues located between -38 and -33 in promoting transcription from the major late promoter. The data as a whole also demonstrate that the specific nucleotide sequence of this region of the major late promoter, which overlaps transcription elements of the divergent IVa2 transcription unit and coding sequences of the adenovirus DNA polymerase, is not rigidly constrained but can mutate extensively without loss of these several functions.
Effect of [111] texture on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co/Ni multilayers (1998)

[111] fcc oriented [Co(2 Å)/Ni(7 Å)]20 multilayers were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy at room temperature on epitaxial Au/Ag buffer layers grown on chemically etched Si(111) surfaces. NH4F etching of Si(111) leads to a smaller spread in the 〈111〉 orientation of the Au/Ag buffer layers and the Co/Ni multilayers as compared to a similar sample prepared on HF-etched Si(111). This results in a stronger perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as determined from the magnetic hysteresis loops. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies show that the magnetic multilayer film is not flat but has significant waviness at both top and bottom surfaces. The observed waviness originates in part from the waviness already present on the surface of the Au buffer layer and appears to be further enhanced by the difference in the surface free energies of Au and the magnetic elements. A flatter Au/Ag buffer layer is essential to further improve the [111] texture of the [Co/Ni] multilayers.
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) At the Magic Angle (2001)

Abstract Electron loss near edge structure (ELNES) reflects transitions of inner shell electrons to site- and symmetry-projected unoccupied electronic states, which in a solid lie above the Fermi level and may be calculated using advanced electronic structure calculations. The direction of momentum transfer, q, imparted during the inelastic scattering process is dependent on the angle over which the scattered electrons are collected. It is usual to resolve the momentum transfer, into components parallel and perpendicular to the incident beam direction (q∥and q⊥). in a specimen region which is crystallographically anisotropic, the exact direction of the momentum transfer and hence energy states available to the excited electron will depend on the specimen orientation with respect to the incident electron beam. Practically, this can present problems where quantitative comparisons and/or modelling of electronic structure between different specimen regions at different orientations, or within a polycrystalline material, or even between different samples are required.
Basic fibroblast growth factor treatment for skin ulcerations in scleroderma. (2005)

We report the use of topical application of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) to successfully treat therapy-resistant, chronic leg ulcers in scleroderma. Endothelial cell FGF receptors are directly stimulated by bFGF; also, bFGF promotes the regeneration of capillary-rich granulation tissue. We conclude that topical bFGF may be a powerful new pharmacologic tool for treating severe skin ulcers.
Two-Photon Diffraction and Quantum Lithography (2001)

We report a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of quantum lithography. Utilizing the entangled nature of a two-photon state, the experimental results have beaten the classical diffraction limit by a factor of 2. This is a quantum mechanical two-photon phenomenon but not a violation of the uncertainty principle.
Ozonation of organic compounds. 4. Ozonolysis of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in protic solvents (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOzonation of organic compounds. 4. Ozonolysis of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in protic solventsYorihiro Yamamoto, Etsuo Niki, and Yoshio KamiyaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 250–254Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts