gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale SFQ Switches Using Miniaturized 2$\,\times\,$2 Switch Cell (2008)

We have developed a miniaturized 2times2 switch cell, a key component of single-flux-quantum switches. The cell was optimized using a full-custom design approach instead of our conventional cell-based design approach. The cell contains 74 Josephson junctions, and its power consumption is 16.8 muW. Its area is significantly reduced to 160 mum times 200 mum, which is 69% smaller than our conventional cell-based switch. We fabricated test chips using our 2.5-kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Nb standard process and confirmed a 40-GHz operation with a bias margin of plusmn8.5% by an on-chip test. We also designed 4times4 and 8times8 cross-bar switches using the 2times2 switch cells. The 40-GHz operation of the 4times4 switch was confirmed with a bias margin of plusmn4% by an on-chip test. The full function of the 8times8 switch was also confirmed with a bias margin of plusmn5% at a low-frequency (10 kHz). The area of these switches was reduced to about half of that of our conventional switches. We discussed large-scale switches using our advanced high- Jc multilayer process. We estimated that area of a 32 times 32 switch designed for the advanced process are reduced by 83% compared to a switch designed for the standard process.
Microcavity effects in GaN epitaxial films and in Ag/GaN/sapphire structures (1997)

Luminescence spectra of GaN epitaxial layers grown on sapphire display a strong intensity modulation of the below-band gap transitions and on the low-energy side of the near-band gap transition. The intensity modulation is attributed to a microcavity formed by the semiconductor–air and semiconductor–substrate interface. The microcavity effect is enhanced by using metallic reflectors which increase the cavity finesse. It is shown that microcavity effects can be used to determine the refractive index of the microcavity active material. Using this method, the GaN refractive index is determined and expressed analytically by a Sellmeir fit.
Imidazole Derivatives. Part II. Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ones (1989)

Synthese par cycloaddition de 2-phenacyl imidazole et d'esters acetyleniques. Structure cristalline du 8-benzoyl-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-5-oxoimidazo[1,2-a]puridine-7-carboxylate de methyle
On the performance of generalized likelihood ratio test for data-aided timing synchronization of MIMO systems (2012)

This paper studies the performance of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) proposed in [1] in the context of data-aided timing synchronization for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications systems and flat-fading channels. Herein paper, the asymptotic performance of the GLRT test is derived, and an upper bound for the detection probability is provided and shown to behave well as a benchmark for sufficiently large number of observations. Computer simulations are presented to corroborate the developed analytical performance benchmarks. In addition, choice of some system design parameters to improve the synchronization performance is discussed via computer simulations.
A bootstrap training approach for language model classifiers (1998)

In this paper, we present a bootstrap training approach for language model (LM) classifiers. Training class dependent LM and running them in parallel, LM can serve as classifiers with any kind of symbol sequence, e.g., word or phoneme sequences for tasks like topic spotting or language identification (LID). Irrespective of the special symbol sequence used for a LM classifier, the training of a LM is done with a manually labeled training set for each class obtained from not necessarily cooperative speakers. Therefore, we have to face some erroneous labels and deviations from the originally intended class specification. Both facts can worsen classification. It might therefore be better not to use all utterances for training but to automatically select those utterances that improve recognition accuracy; this can be done by a bootstrap procedure. We present the results achieved with our best approach on the VERBMOBIL corpus for the tasks dialog act classification and LID.
Homochiral Asymmetric‐Shaped Electron‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Non‐Fullerene Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

A design strategy is proposed for electron-transporting materials (ETMs) with homochiral asymmetric-shaped groups for highly efficient non-fullerene perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The electron transporting N,N'-bis[(R)-1-phenylethyl]naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI-PhE) consists of two asymmetric-shaped chiral (R)-1-phenylethyl (PhE) groups that act as solubilizing groups by reducing molecular symmetry and increasing the free volume. NDI-PhE exhibits excellent film-forming ability with high solubility in various organic solvents [about two times higher solubility than the widely used fullerene-based phenyl-C<sub>61</sub> -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in o-dichlorobenzene]. NDI-PhE ETM-based inverted PSCs exhibit very high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 20.5 % with an average PCE of 18.74±0.95 %, which are higher than those of PCBM ETM-based PSCs. The high PCE of NDI-PhE ETM-based PSCs may be attributed to good film-forming abilities and to three-dimensional isotropic electron transporting capabilities. Therefore, introducing homochiral asymmetric-shaped groups onto charge-transporting materials is a good strategy for achieving high device performance.
Enhanced Photonic Band-Gap Confinement via Van Hove Saddle Point Singularities (2006)

We show that a saddle point Van Hove singularity in a band adjacent to a photonic crystal band gap can lead to situations which defy the conventional wisdom that the strongest band-gap confinement is found at frequencies near the midgap. As an example, we present a two-dimensional square photonic crystal waveguide where the strongest confinement is close to the band edge. The underlying mechanism can also apply to any system that is described by a band structure with a gap. In general, the saddle point favors the appearance of a very flat band, which in turn results in an enhanced confinement at band-gap frequencies immediately above or below the flat band.
The Direct Synthesis of Phenylchlorosilanes (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Direct Synthesis of PhenylchlorosilanesE. G. Rochow and W. F. GilliamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 10, 1772–1774Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01226a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01226a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views389Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparative study of survival models for breast cancer prognostication based on microarray data: does a single gene beat them all? (2008)

The comparison study is implemented in an R package called survcomp and is available from http://www.ulb.ac.be/di/map/bhaibeka/software/survcomp/.
Ubiquitous Connected Train Based on Train-to-Ground and Intra-Wagon Communications Capable of Providing on Trip Customized Digital Services for Passengers (2014)

During the last years, the application of different wireless technologies has been explored in order to enable Internet connectivity from vehicles. In addition, the widespread adoption of smartphones by citizens represents a great opportunity to integrate such nomadic devices inside vehicles in order to provide new and personalized on trip services for passengers. In this paper, a proposal of communication architecture to provide the ubiquitous connectivity needed to enhance the smart train concept is presented and preliminarily tested. It combines an intra-wagon communication system based on nomadic devices connected through a Bluetooth Piconet Network with a highly innovative train-to-ground communication system. In order to validate this communication solution, several tests and simulations have been performed and their results are described in this paper.
Early immune activation in gut-associated and peripheral lymphoid tissue during acute HIV infection (2007)

Taken together, these findings demonstrate that there was a broad and early immune activation in GALT and pLT during acute HIV-1 infection. The relative lack of perforin expression in both GALT and pLT, however, questions the functional efficacy of the observed immune activation in generating cytotoxic T cells that were able to eliminate HIV-infected cells.
Clinical utility of LSR/A15 gene for Mycobacterium leprae detection in leprosy tissues using the polymerase chain reaction. (1995)

Skin biopsy and slit-skin smears from 46 leprosy patients and 4 nonleprosy patients were tested for the presence of Mycobacterium leprae by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers based on the sequence of the LSR/15 kD gene. The PCR was found to be specific and sensitive, with a detection level of 10 and 100 bacilli. PCR using skin biopsies gave a higher detection rate than did slit-skin smears, probably due to the higher density of bacilli in a 4-mm punch biopsy. Dot blot hybridization with radioactive probes was 10-fold more sensitive than the ethidium bromide staining. Eight patients who did not show acid-fast bacilli in tissues by the conventional methods were shown to have PCR-amplified M. leprae DNA. False-negative results were obtained in 3 cases even though formal evidence for tissue inhibitors was absent.
Mycoloylpeptides and Other Lipopeptide Adjuvants from Higher Aldoketene Dimers (1987)

Aldoketene dimers 1, obtained from fatty acid halides and tertiary amines, react with amino acid esters 2 to give lipoamino acids 3. These can be transformed into two- and three-chain mycoloyl compounds, some of which are effective B-cell mitogens (R = long-chain alkyl group; R′ = amino acid moiety).
Degos' Disease: A Distinctive Pattern of Disease, Chiefly of Lupus Erythematosus, And Not a Specific Disease per se (2003)

Degos' disease, known confusingly as malignant strophic papularis, is an uncommon condition of unknown cause characterized by distinctive infarctive lesions in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system; the lesions at the two latter sites often result in death. We deem Degos' disease to be analogous to lupus erythematosus in the sense that each is fundamentally a systemic pathologic process involving several organs, among them the skin, but, moreover, we regard Degos' disease, in most instances, to be an actual manifestation of lupus erythematosus. Histopathologically, the findings in sections of tissue of skin lesions of Degos' disease are indistinguishable from those of one expression of cutaneous lupus erythematosus; immunopathologically, some patients with morphologic findings stereotypical of Degos' disease display signs characteristic of lupus erythematosus. For these reasons, we consider Degos' disease to be a distinctive pattern of disease, rather than a specific disease per se, just as are erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Sweet's syndrome, and pyoderma gangrenosum, to name but five of scores of them. The singular pattern that is designated Degos' disease usually is an expression of lupus erythematosus, but, episodically, of conditions like dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Hepatic epoxide hydrase. Structure-activity relations for substrates and inhibitors (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHepatic epoxide hydrase. Structure-activity relations for substrates and inhibitorsF. Oesch, N. Kaubisch, D. M. Jerina, and J. W. DalyCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 26, 4858–4866Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00802a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00802a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations268LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prediction of chronic disability in work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a prospective, population-based study (2004)

This is a population-based, prospective study. The study population consists of workers who file claims for work-related back injuries or carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in Washington State. The Washington State Department of Labor and Industries claims database is reviewed weekly to identify workers with new claims for work-related back injuries and CTS, and these workers are telephoned and invited to participate. Workers who enroll complete a computer-assisted telephone interview at baseline and one year later. The baseline interview assesses sociodemographic, employment-related, biomedical/health care, legal, and psychosocial risk factors. The follow-up interview assesses pain, disability, and work status. The primary outcome is duration of work disability over the year after claim submission, as assessed by administrative data. Secondary outcomes include work disability status at one year, as assessed by both self-report and work disability compensation status (administrative records). A sample size of 1,800 workers with back injuries and 1,200 with CTS will provide adequate statistical power (0.96 for low back and 0.85 for CTS) to predict disability with an alpha of.05 (two-sided) and a hazard ratio of 1.2. Proportional hazards regression models will be constructed to determine the best combination of predictors of work disability duration at one year. Regression models will also be developed for the secondary outcomes.
Distribution of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) infection in chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer. (2010)

In 2006, sequences described as xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) were discovered in prostate cancer patients. In October 2009, we published the first direct isolation of infectious XMRV from humans and the detection of infectious XMRV in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. In that study, a combination of classic retroviral methods were used including: DNA polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for gag and env, full length genomic sequencing, immunoblotting for viral protein expression in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, passage of infectious virus in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to indicator cell lines, and detection of antibodies to XMRV in plasma. A combination of these methods has since allowed us to confirm infection by XMRV in 85% of the 101 patients that were originally studied. Since 2009, seven studies, predominantly using DNA polymerase chain reaction of blood products or tumor tissue, have reported failures to detect XMRV infection in patients with either prostate cancer or chronic fatigue syndrome. A review of the current literature on XMRV supports the importance of applying multiple independent techniques in order to determine the presence of this virus. Detection methods based upon the biological and molecular amplification of XMRV, which is usually present at low levels in unstimulated blood cells and plasma, are more sensitive than assays for the virus by DNA polymerase chain reaction of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. When we examined patient blood samples that had originally tested negative by DNA polymerase chain reaction by more sensitive methods, we observed that they were infected with XMRV; thus, the DNA polymerase chain reaction tests provided false negative results. Therefore, we conclude that molecular analyses using DNA from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells or from whole blood are not yet sufficient as stand-alone assays for the identification of XMRV-infected individuals. Complementary methods are reviewed, that if rigorously followed, will likely show a more accurate snapshot of the actual distribution of XMRV infection in humans.
Plano de controle ambiental da obra - PCA (2006)

The objective of the Sao Paolo Trains and Signalling Project is to: improve the level-of-service provided to the urban rail transport users in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) in a safe and cost-efficient manner by increasing the peak-hour and off-peak carrying capacity of Lines A and F of the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos(CPTM), and Lines 1, 2 and 3 of the Sao Paulo Metro Company (Metro); and continue strengthening the transport management and policy functions at the SPMR. The environmental assessment (EA) document / relatorio ambiental evaluated impacts, as a result of the rehabilitation works of Line F manage by CPTM. Based on this evaluation the EA includes recommendations and mitigation measures, as follows : improve the landscape around existing and new Metro stations; develop a re-vegetation program once civil works have been completed; conduct a physical cadastre and a photographic registrar of vegetation and trees in area of influence of the project; install acoustic barriers to reduce the noise caused by train vibrations; guarantee the participation of community members and project affected peoples (PAPs) through the design, execution and implementation of the project; carrying knives or any other kind of weapon is strictly prohibited during working hours and while staying in construction encampments; water spray access roads and plies of excavated material, and avoid night working hours in sensitive neighborhoods to reduce the impact of noise and dust propagation; dispose of construction waste to a designated dumpsite; in case of historical, cultural or archeological findings contact authorities for proper disposition and authorization for continuing works; prepare an emergency response plan for accidents and emergency situations; obsolete equipment, used batteries, empty fuel tanks, used grease cartridges; oil drums will be collected and dispose to designated areas; develop a contingency plan to respond adequately in case of an accident while handling chemical products by workers; setup traffic signs to ensure proper routing and distribution of traffic, also install traffic safety measures, such as warning signs, delineators and barriers to prevent public and workers accidents; and finally; maintenance activities should be carried out during off-peak periods, contractors shall communicate closely with all relevant parties prior and during the construction phase including the local governments and their respective municipalities.
Green Fluorescent Protein as a Selectable Marker of Fibronectin-Facilitated Retroviral Gene Transfer in Primary Human T Lymphocytes (1999)

The success of gene therapy strategies for congenital and acquired blood disorders requires high levels of gene transfer into hematopoietic cells. Retroviral vectors have been extensively used to deliver foreign genes to mammalian cells and improvement of transduction protocols remains dependent on markers that can be rapidly monitored and used for efficient selection of transduced cells. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is a suitable reporter molecule for gene expression because of its lack of cytotoxicity and stable fluorescence signal that can be readily detected by flow cytometry. However, attempts to adapt the GFP system to stable transduction of human lymphocytes have not been satisfactory. In this article, transductions of primary human T lymphocytes were performed using cell-free supernatants from a PG13 packaging cell line in which a retroviral vector expressing EGFP was pseudotyped with the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) envelope. Using this system combined with a fibronectin-facilitated protocol, primary lymphocytes were transduced with a mean gene transfer efficiency of 27.5% following a 2-day stimulation with either PHA or anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Conditions that increased the entry of lymphocytes into cell cycle did not consistently correlate with enhanced gene transfer, indicating that factors other than proliferation are important for optimal retroviral gene transfer. These results demonstrate the utility of EGFP as a marker for human T cell transduction and will enable further optimization of T cell gene therapy protocols.
Siglec-7 Undergoes a Major Conformational Change When Complexed with the α(2,8)-Disialylganglioside GT1b (2006)

The siglecs are a group of mammalian sialic acid binding receptors expressed predominantly in the immune system. The CD33-related siglecs show complex recognition patterns for sialylated glycans. Siglec-7 shows a preference for alpha(2,8)-disialylated ligands and provides a structural template for studying the key interactions that drive this selectivity. We have co-crystallized Siglec-7 with a synthetic oligosaccharide corresponding to the alpha(2,8)-disialylated ganglioside GT1b. The crystal structure of the complex offers a first glimpse into how this important family of lectins binds the structurally diverse gangliosides. The structure reveals that the C-C' loop, a region implicated in previous studies as driving siglec specificity, undergoes a dramatic conformational shift, allowing it to interact with the underlying neutral glycan core of the ganglioside. The structural data in combination with mutagenesis studies show that binding of the ganglioside is driven by extensive hydrophobic contacts together with key polar interactions and that the binding site structure is complementary to preferred solution conformations of GT1b.