gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Chronic Pain with Drugs that Modulate Central Nervous System Serotonin and Norepinephrine (2007)

The perception of pain is the result of complicated physiological and psychological processes. Pain can be treated by interrupting peripheral inputs, or by modulation of pain signals in the central nervous system. One approach that has been particularly successful has involved use of drugs that increase activity in brain and spinal cord pathways that inhibit transmission of pain signals. Drugs that increase serotonin and norepinephrine (Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors - SNRIs) have been found to be effective. These drugs are known to have antidepressant activity, and are widely used to treat depression. Although there is overlap between pain and depression, the reason these drugs are effective for treatment of pain appears to result from a direct effect on pain pathways in the central nervous system. Mechanisms of action and clinical utility of SNRIs in treatment of chronic pain are reviewed. Keywords: serotonin/norepinephrine specific reuptake inhibitors, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain, Postherpetic Neuralgia, HIV, Fibromyalgia, Pelvic Pain
Design and Analysis of a 21–29-GHz Ultra-Wideband Receiver Front-End in 0.18-$\mu$m CMOS Technology (2012)

This paper reports the design and analysis of 21-29-GHz CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA), balun and mixer in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process for ultra-wideband automotive radar systems. To verify the proposed LNA, balun, and mixer architectures, a simplified receiver front-end comprising an LNA, a double-balanced Gilbert-cell-based mixer, and two Marchand baluns was implemented. The wideband Marchand baluns can convert the single RF and local oscillator (LO) signals to nearly perfect differential signals over the 21-29-GHz band. The performance of the mixer is improved with the current-bleeding technique and a parallel resonant inductor at the differential outputs of the RF transconductance stage. Over the 21-29-GHz band, the receiver front-end exhibits excellent noise figure of 4.6±0.5 dB, conversion gain of 23.7±1.4 dB, RF port reflection coefficient lower than -8.8 dB, LO-IF isolation lower than -47 dB, LO-RF isolation lower than -55 dB, and RF-IF isolation lower than -35.5 dB. The circuit occupies a chip area of 1.25×1.06 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , including the test pads. The dc power dissipation is only 39.2 mW.
Revisiting the partial-capacitance approach to the analysis of coplanar transmission lines on multilayered substrates (2003)

A theoretical justification is presented of the partial-capacitance (PC) approach, widely exploited in the modeling of coplanar waveguides on finite-thickness and multilayered substrates. The analysis is based on the static spectral-domain approach to the computation of the capacitance of a set of planar conductors embedded into a multilayered substrate. It is shown that the PC method can be derived from approximating the static Green's function of a multilayered dielectric as the sum of partial contributions; such a decomposition can be applied to the Green's function either in parallel (admittance) or series (impedance) form. The resulting (parallel or series) PC approaches are shown to be accurate with substrates having layers of decreasing or increasing permittivity, respectively. Lines backed by magnetic or electric walls are introduced as limiting cases of multilayered structures.
Increasing the Sensitivity of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation:  Slot Outlet Technique (2006)

A new enrichment approach is described to improve the sensitivity of the asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation, with and without ICPMS online coupling for elemental detection. For the slot outlet technique, a part of the laminar carrier stream is removed through an additional pump. This allowed an enrichment of the colloidal particles in the separation channel up to a factor of 14. Additional improvements of the separation efficiency permitted us to separate colloids with differences in their molecular masses of only 2 kDa. Different polymer standards, proteins, and synthesized tracer colloids, as well as real samples (wastewater, liquid manure, serums) were used to assess the performance of the new technique.
Electrogastrography in patients with disordered gastric motility in diabetes and effect of cisapride (1996)

Electrogastrography in patients with disordered gastric motility in diabetes and effect of cisapride
Modulation of the smooth-muscle L-type Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunit (alpha1C-b) by the beta2a subunit: a peptide which inhibits binding of beta to the I-II linker of alpha1 induces functional uncoupling. (2000)

Modulation of the smooth-muscle Ca(2+) channel alpha1C-b subunit by the auxiliary beta2a subunit was studied in the HEK 293 (cell line from human embryonic kidney cells) expression system. In addition, we tested whether the alpha1-beta interaction in functional channels is sensitive to an 18-amino-acid synthetic peptide that corresponds to the sequence of the defined major interaction domain in the cytoplasmic I-II linker of alpha1C (AID-peptide). Ca(2+) channels derived by co-expression of alpha1C-b and beta2a subunits exhibited an about 3-fold higher open probability (P(o)) than alpha1C-b channels. High-P(o) gating of alpha1C-b.beta2a channels was associated with the occurrence of long-lasting channel openings [mean open time (tau)>10 ms] which were rarely observed in alpha1C-b channels. Modulation of fast gating by the beta2a subunit persisted in the cell-free, inside-out recording configuration. Biochemical experiments showed that the AID-peptide binds with appreciable affinity to beta2 subunits of native Ca(2+) channels. Binding of the beta2 protein to immobilized AID-peptide was specifically inhibited (K(i) of 100 nM) by preincubation with free (uncoupled) AID-peptide, but not by a corresponding scrambled peptide. Administration of the AID-peptide (10 microM) to the cytoplasmic side of inside-out patches induced a substantial reduction of P(o) of alpha1C-b.beta2a channels. The scrambled control peptide failed to affect alpha1C-b. beta2a channels, and the AID-peptide (10 microM) did not modify alpha1C-b channel function in the absence of expressed beta2a subunit. Our results demonstrate that the beta2a subunit controls fast gating of alpha1C-b channels, and suggest the alpha1-beta interaction domain in the cytoplasmic I-II linker of alpha1C (AID) as a possible target of modulation of the channel. Moreover, our data are consistent with a model of alpha1-beta interaction that is based on multiple interaction sites, including AID as a determinant of the affinity of the alpha1-beta interaction.
Cell balancing control using adjusted filters in flyback converter with single switch (2013)

Cell balancing method using multi-winding flyback converter is simple and easy to control, but it has unequal secondary voltages due to the non-uniform turn-ratios of secondary windings and the leakage inductance difference caused by multi-winding. Especially it is difficult to control multi-winding effect by using turn-ratio, because secondary-side has little number of turns. This paper proposes the control method eliminating the multi-winding effect without any additional switch in multi-winding cell balancing method. The individual cell control by making their frequency characteristic differently using single flyback converter and adjusted filter is proposed. Simulation and experimental results proved that each cell is equally balanced using adjusted filter and frequency selection.
Point-of-Care Pathology with Miniature Microscopes (2011)

Advances in optical designs are enabling the development of miniature microscopes that can examine tissue in situ for early anatomic and molecular indicators of disease, in real time, and at cellular resolution. These new devices will lead to major changes in how diseases are detected and managed, driving a shift from today's diagnostic paradigm of biopsy followed by histopathology and recommended therapy, to non-invasive point-of-care diagnosis with possible same-session definitive treatment. This shift may have major implications for the training requirements of future physicians to enable them to interpret real-time in vivo microscopic data, and will also shape the emerging fields of telepathology and telemedicine. Implementation of new technologies into clinical practice is a complex process that requires bridging gaps between clinicians, engineers and scientists. This article provides a forward-looking discussion of these issues, with a focus on malignant and pre-malignant lesions, by first highlighting some of the clinical areas where point-of-care in vivo microscopy could address unmet needs, and then by reviewing the technological challenges that are being addressed, or need to be addressed, for in vivo microscopy to become a standard clinical tool.
Efficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine. (1985)

Seventeen patients who ate fresh leaves of feverfew daily as prophylaxis against migraine participated in a double blind placebo controlled trial of the herb: eight patients received capsules containing freeze dried feverfew powder and nine placebo. Those who received placebo had a significant increase in the frequency and severity of headache, nausea, and vomiting with the emergence of untoward effects during the early months of treatment. The group given capsules of feverfew showed no change in the frequency or severity of symptoms of migraine. This provides evidence that feverfew taken prophylactically prevents attacks of migraine, and confirmatory studies are now indicated, preferably with a formulation controlled for sesquiterpene lactone content, in migraine sufferers who have never treated themselves with this herb.
Enrichment of Human CCR6+ Regulatory T Cells with Superior Suppressive Activity in Oral Cancer (2017)

Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes an inflammatory microenvironment enriched with chemokines such as CCL20, which promote cancer cell invasion and tumor progression. We found that in OSCC there is a correlation between the expression of <i>CCL20</i> and <i>FOXP3</i> mRNA. Therefore, we hypothesized that OSCC may favor the recruitment and retention of regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the CCL20 receptor, CCR6. Interestingly, most (∼60%) peripheral blood Treg cells express CCR6, and CCR6<sup>+</sup> Treg cells exhibit an activated effector/memory phenotype. In contrast, a significant portion (>30%) of CCR6<sup>-</sup> Treg cells were found to be CD45RA<sup>+</sup> naive Treg cells. Compared to CCR6<sup>-</sup> naive or memory Treg cells, CCR6<sup>+</sup> Treg cells exhibit stronger suppressive activity and display higher FOXP3 expression along with lower methylation at the Treg-specific demethylated region of the <i>FOXP3</i> gene. This predominance of CCR6<sup>+</sup> Treg cells was also found in the draining lymph nodes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of OSCC patients with early or late clinical staging. Moreover, CCR6<sup>+</sup> Treg cells isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or draining lymph nodes maintained similar phenotypic and suppressive characteristics ex vivo as did their counterparts isolated from peripheral blood. These results suggest that CCR6 marks activated effector or memory Treg phenotypes with superior suppressive activity in humans.
Slow deformation measurement of biological samples with 3D interferometric microscope (2012)

The 3D interference microscope is used to measure the mechanical and structural properties of biological samples. In this paper the pulsation of the eye of the zebrafish embryo and the motion of the neuron is measured. The measurement is often performed on a microsphere placed on a biological sample. The microsphere reflects a strong signal, and by applying a magnetic field the sphere can induce a controlled and varying pressure on the object. The deformation of the object and the motion of the sphere provide information about different mechanical properties of the biological sample. This paper specifically concentrates on the measurement of nanometric deformation at frequencies below 10Hz. Full Text: PDF References http://www.bruker-axs.com/white_light_interferometric_profilometers.html [Direct link] J. Schmit, K. Creath, J.C. Wyant, Surface Profilers, Multiple Wavelength, and White Light Interferometry in Optical Shop Testing, 667-755 (ed. D. Malacara, John Wiley, Hoboken 2007). J. Reed, M. Frank, J.J. Troke, J. Schmit, S.Han, M.A. Teitell J.K. Gimzewski, Nanotechnol. 19, 235101 (2008). [CrossRef] References 1-9 within: J. Reed, S. Ramakrishnan, J.Schmit, J.K. Gimzewski, Mechanical interferometry of nanoscale motion and mechanical properties of living zebrafish embryos, www.acsnano.org 3(8), 2090 (2009). J. Reed, S. Ramakrishnan, J. Schmit, J. K. Gimzewski, Mechanical interferometry of nanoscale motion and mechanical properties of living zebrafish embryos, www.acsnano.org 3(8), 2090 (2009). J. Schmit, K. Creath, App. Opt. 34(19), 3610 (1995). [CrossRef] J. Schmit, P. Unruh, E. Novak, Measurement of object deformation with optical profiler, US Patent 7283250 (2007)
Passive Phase-Distortionless Parametric Limiting with Varactor Diodes (1961)

The theory of passive parametric limiting with a varactor diode as the nonlinear element is developed and verified experimentally. The limiting is found to be flat and phase-distortionless. Expressions are given for threshold level, dynamic range, bandwidth, and power dissipation. The transient phenomena, comprising leading- and trailing-edge leakage spikes, are studied theoretically and experimentally, and found to be small in typical instances. Experimental results reported upon include a simple waveguide limiter structure at S band; a lumped-circuit limiter at 126 Mc; and a strip-line limiter using a pill varactor at S band. The latter has an insertion loss of 2.5 db below threshold, a threshold level of 2 mw, a dynamic range in excess of 20 db, and less than 5° of phase distortion. Agreement between theory and experimental results is excellent.
Nonlinear time-domain modeling of balanced-armature receivers (2011)

Nonlinear distortion added by the loudspeaker in a hearing aid lowers the signal-to-noise ratio and may degrade the hearing aid user's ability to understand speech. The balancedarmature- type loudspeakers, predominantly used in hearing aids, are inherently nonlinear devices, as any displacement of the loudspeaker diaphragm inevitably changes the magnetic and electrical characteristics of the loudspeaker. A numerical time-domain model capable of describing these nonlinearities is presented. By simulation it is demonstrated how the output distortion could potentially be reduced significantly through careful design of the mechanical properties of the armature.
Rapid Annealing Using Halogen Lamps (1984)

A few seconds halogen lamp annealing (HLA) technology is evaluated from the viewpoint of practical application to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) very large scale integration (VLSI) processing. , 11B, and 31P ion‐implanted silicon layers have been investigated on their isothermal short‐time annealing behavior of junction leakage current, recrystallization, activation, and junction depth. We have found that a few seconds annealing of 800°C is enough to crystalline regrow the or 31P ion‐implanted amorphous layer, to activate or 31P ion‐implanted dopants, to form titanium silicide, and to reduce the area leakage current of both n+‐p− and p+‐n− junctions without dopant diffusion. But activation of 11B+ ion‐implanted dopants, reduction of perimeter leakage current, molybdenum silicide formation, and phosphosilicate glass (PSG) reflow require a little higher temperature heat‐treatment.
Middleware for context sensitive mobile applications (2003)

Contextual information such as spatial location can significantly enhance the utility of mobile applications. We introduce the concept of active preferences that represent a combination of user preference information and choices combined with spatial or temporal information. Active preferences set the policy on how a mobile application should customise its behaviour not just for a particular user but as that user moves to different locations and interacts with other mobile users or with fixed location base stations. We discuss technical issues for establishing a middleware infrastructure to aid experimentation and describe our prototype testbed.
Gambaran Pelaksanaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Sektor Konstruksi Pembangunan Gedung Grand Classic Hotel Cikarang di PT Wijaya Kusuma Contractors (2017)

Occupational safety and health is a thought and effort to prevent accidents. This study aims to find out the Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Sector Construction of Grand Classic Hotel Cikarang Building in PT.WijayaKusuma Contractors. This research uses qualitative method with phenomology approach. Selection of informants using Puposive Sampling technique. The focus of this research are: Age, Workload, Working Capacity, Physical Factor, Chemical Factor, and Biological Factor. With data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. From the result of the research, it can be seen that the implementation of K3 in the Construction Sector of Grand Classic Hotel Cikarang Building in PT.WijayaKusuma Contractors has been running maximally in accordance with the standard regulations of ISO 14001, SMK3 and OHSAS. But there are still some shortcomings in this implementation because there are still some workers who are not aware of K3, such as not complying with existing regulations and can potentially lead to work accidents.
A Linear Programming Model for the Single Destination System Optimum Dynamic Traffic Assignment Problem (2000)

Recently, Daganzo introduced the cell transmission model—a simple approach for modeling highway traffic flow consistent with the hydrodynamic model. In this paper, we use the cell transmission model to formulate the single destination System Optimum Dynamic Traffic Assignment (SO DTA) problem as a Linear Program (LP). We demonstrate that the model can obtain insights into the DTA problem, and we address various related issues, such as the concept of marginal travel time in a dynamic network and system optimum necessary and sufficient conditions. The model is limited to one destination and, although it can account for traffic realities as they are captured by the cell transmission model, it is not presented as an operational model for actual applications. The main objective of the paper is to demonstrate that the DTA problem can be modeled as an LP, which allows the vast existing literature on LP to be used to better understand and compute DTA. A numerical example illustrates the simplicity and applicability of the proposed approach.
Direct proof of a homogeneous polyflavan-3-ol structure for polymeric proanthocyanidins (1979)

Z. Czochanska, L. Y. Foo, R. H. Newman, L. J. Porter, W. A. Thomas and W. T. Jones, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 375 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000375
Fusing multi-modal features for gesture recognition (2013)

This paper proposes a novel multi-modal gesture recognition framework and introduces its application to continuous sign language recognition. A Hidden Markov Model is used to construct the audio feature classifier. A skeleton feature classifier is trained to provided complementary information based on the Dynamic Time Warping model. The confidence scores generated by two classifiers are firstly normalized and then combined to produce a weighted sum for the final recognition. Experimental results have shown that the precision and recall scores for 20 classes of our multi-modal recognition framework can achieve 0.8829 and 0.8890 respectively, which proves that our method is able to correctly reject false detection caused by single classifier. Our approach scored 0.12756 in mean Levenshtein distance and was ranked 1st in the Multi-modal Gesture Recognition Challenge in 2013.
Sneaking up on CORBA: the race for the ideal distributed object model (1999)

Sexual assault occurs at high rates on college campuses today. This problem persists despite the many educational programs that seek to educate college students about sexual assault and consent. The current study used latent profile analysis on a survey of 717 college students at a Midwestern university to determine if different people have varying behavioral intentions about consent during four different sexual situations. Results show that there are four distinct profiles of intentions related to consent: the respecting explicit, affirmative, and ongoing consent profile (76.55% of the sample); only respecting explicit consent profile (9.89%); unsure about nonexplicit consent profile (9.04%); and the does-not-ask for verbal consent in relationships profile (4.55%). Regression analysis also revealed that males were more likely to be classified in the only respecting explicit consent profile compared with the three other profiles, but there were no significant differences among the other profiles.
Patterns of progression and regression of advanced destructive periodontal disease (1982)

Attachment level at two sites on each tooth in 22 untreated subjects with existing periodontal pockets was measured every month for 1 year. Regression analysis was then applied to the data from each periodontal site to determine if statistically significant trends in attachment level change could be detected. 82.8% of the sites monitored did not significantly change during the year. 5.7% of the sites became significantly deeper and 11.5% of the sites became significantly shallower (P less than 0.01) during the period. Among those sites in which pocket depth increased, approximately half exhibited a cyclic deepening followed by spontaneous recovery to their original depth. In 15 of the subjects, sites were found which became significantly deeper while other sites within the same subject became significantly shallower. In six subjects, who might be considered to have an arrested form of periodontal disease, virtually no sites became deeper during the monitoring period whereas 11-36% of their sites became significantly shallower. The results of this investigation suggest that a dynamic condition of disease exacerbation and remission as well as periods of inactivity may be characteristic of periodontal disease.
Minimum Precision Requirements of General Margin Hyperplane Classifiers (2019)

Margin hyperplane classifiers such as support vector machines have achieved considerable success in various classification tasks. Their simplicity makes them suitable candidates for the design of embedded intelligent systems. Precision is an effective parameter to trade-off accuracy and resource utilization. We present analytical bounds on the precision requirements of general margin hyperplane classifiers. In addition, we propose a principled precision reduction scheme based on the trade-off between input and weight precisions. We present simulation results that support our analysis and illustrate the gains of our approach in terms of reducing resource utilization. For instance, we show that a linear margin classifier with precision assignment dictated by our approach and applied to the “two versus four” task of the MNIST dataset is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> more accurate than a standard 8 bits low precision implementation in spite of using <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 2\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fewer 1 bit full adders and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 2\times 10^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fewer bits for data and weight representation.