gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction for nonlinear photon-counting effects in lidar systems (1993)

A useful analytic model describing the response of a photon-counting (PC) system has been developed. The model describes the nonlinear count loss and apparent count gain arising from the overlap of photomultiplier tube (PMT) pulses, taking into account the distribution in amplitude of the PMT output pulses and the effect of the pulse-height discrimination threshold. Comparisons between the model and Monte Carlo simulations show excellent agreement. The model has been applied to a PC lidar system with favorable results. Application of the model has permitted us to extend the linear operating range of the PC system and to quantify accurately the response of the system in its nonlinear operating regime, thus increasing the useful dynamic range of the system by 1 order of magnitude.
World Distribution and Historical Development (1988)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has had a long and rich history. It is recognized as the oldest plant grown solely for forage. Alfalfa was cultivated before recorded history and is now found growing wild from China to Spain and from Sweden to North Africa. Examination of the current distribution of cultivated alfalfa indicates that the crop is concentrated in certain zones within the northern hemisphere, i.e., USA, Canada, Italy, France, China and southern USSR, and in selected countries in the southern hemisphere, i.e., Argentina, Chile, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The chapter summarizes some of the research in progress. Only major alfalfa research centers are listed for individual countries. Also, brief references are made to climatic conditions, utilization of the crop, cultivars generally grown, and problems encountered with growing alfalfa.
Synthesis and screening of a new group of fungicides: 1‐(2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1,2,4‐triazoles (1980)

Abstract A series of substituted 1‐(2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1,2,4‐triazoles has been prepared and evaluated in the glasshouse for fungicidal activity. Compounds with 2,4‐dichloro substitution on the phenyl ring and with a lower alkyl side chain on dioxolane ring were found most promising for the control of powdery mildew gherkins and barley and for the control of bean rust. These compounds were systemically active and some are being developed commercially for various applications.
Business Process as a Service: Chances for Remote Auditing (2011)

The advent of cloud computing allows the provision of several commodities "as-a-service". For enterprise systems, a particularly interesting business model is the offer of configurable business processes for different consumers, which can then outsource their execution onto the cloud. Although such an outsourcing harbors a vast economic potential, both external and internal auditing pose a general challenge for their acceptance. This paper reviews the role of remote auditing as a means to address this issue and indicates research directions for automated tool support.
Single chip 4×500 Mbaud CMOS transceiver (2002)

This CMOS chip replaces a 72-wire interface with 4 serial, duplex links, for relief of interconnect congestion in applications such as large switching systems. The design supports transmission at 1.6 Gb/s per direction in full-duplex mode and provides the user with a transparent interface. The data source provides fixed-length synchronous packets segmented into 4 parallel bytes along with parity and flag bits. The packet size can be programmed up to 4/spl times/64 B with a parameter loaded from an external controller. Data packets can he transmitted contiguously. During idle periods that are marked by a flag, the circuit generates and transmits fill packets, which start with a non-data Comma character. The Comma marks both byte and packet boundaries on a serial link. The Fill packets carry an idle sequence or diagnostic and control information such as Not Operational, Remote Wrap, or Unwrap. Each link carries 400 Mb/s, corresponding to 500 Mbaud after 8 B/10 B encoding.
Packaging matters--part I: design of the pack. (1992)

Following the author's discussion of seals and seal integrity in medical packaging in the May/June issue of Medical Device Technology, this article discusses the parameters involved in the design of a pack. These parameters are discussed in relation to each integral part of the overall medical device package, from the inner pack to the shelf pack, and the conclusion is reached that a number of pitfalls could be avoided if the device and the package were designed together. Part II will deal with material selection.
Roofed polyquinanes: synthesis and electronic structure (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoofed polyquinanes: synthesis and electronic structureGoverdhan Mehta, K. Raja Reddy, Rolf Gleiter, S. Lalitha, and Jayaraman ChandrasekharCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 25, 7048–7055Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00025a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00025a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>In vivo</i> corrosion behavior of Mg‐Mn‐Zn alloy for bone implant application (2007)

Magnesium alloy has been implanted in rats to investigate the in vivo degradation behavior of magnesium for bone implant application. After 9 weeks postoperation, 100% implants were fixed and no inflammation was observed. Histological analysis showed new bone was formed around magnesium implant and no difference was found in the histological microstructure of the new bone and the cortical bone. A degradation or reaction layer, which was mainly composed of Ca, P, O, and Mg, was formed on the surface of magnesium alloy implants. High Ca content in the degradation layer displayed that magnesium could promote the deposition of Ca. Residual area calculation has showed that 10-17% magnesium alloy implant has been degraded in vivo. Compared with that of the controlled rats, no increase in serum magnesium and no disorder of kidney were observed after 15 weeks postoperation. After 18 weeks postoperation, 100% magnesium implants were fixed and no inflammation was observed. About 54% magnesium implant has degraded in vivo. Element analysis showed that Zn and Mn in Mg-Mn-Zn alloy distributed homogeneously in the residual magnesium implant, the degradation layer, and the surrounding bone tissue after 18 weeks implantation, indicating that Zn and Mn elements were easily absorbed by bioenvironment.
Speed trajectory planning at signalized intersections using sequential convex optimization (2017)

An algorithm is developed to optimize vehicle speed trajectory over multiple signalized intersections with known traffic signal information to minimize fuel consumption and travel time, and to meet ride comfort requirements using sequential convex optimization method. A comparison between the proposed method and dynamic programming is carried out to verify its optimality. In addition, vehicle motion during turning is studied because of its significant effect on fuel consumption and travel time.
Collaborative operating system and compiler power management for real-time applications (2006)

Managing energy consumption has become vitally important to battery-operated portable and embedded systems. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) reduces the processor's dynamic power consumption quadratically at the expense of linearly decreasing the performance. When reducing energy with DVS for real-time systems, one must consider the performance penalty to ensure that deadlines can be met. In this paper, we introduce a novel collaborative approach between the compiler and the operating system (OS) to reduce energy consumption. We use the compiler to annotate an application's source code with path-dependent information called power-management hints (PMHs). This fine-grained information captures the temporal behavior of the application, which varies by executing different paths. During program execution, the OS periodically changes the processor's frequency and voltage based on the temporal information provided by the PMHs. These speed adaptation points are called power-management points (PMPs). We evaluate our scheme using three embedded applications: a video decoder, automatic target recognition, and a sub-band tuner. Our scheme shows an energy reduction of up to 57% over no power-management and up to 32% over a static power-management scheme. We compare our scheme to other schemes that solely utilize PMPs for power-management and show experimentally that our scheme achieves more energy savings. We also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of our approach relative to another compiler-directed scheme.
Methodology for Electromigration Signoff in the Presence of Adaptive Voltage Scaling (2014)

Electromigration (EM) is a growing reliability concern in sub-22nm technology. Design teams must apply guardbands to meet EM lifetime requirements, at the cost of performance and power. However, EM lifetime analysis cannot ignore front-end reliability mechanisms such as bias temperature instability (BTI). Although the gate delay degradation due to BTI can be compensated by adaptive voltage scaling (AVS), any elevated supply voltage will accelerate EM degradation and reduce lifetime. Since the degradation of BTI is front-loaded, AVS can increase electrical stress on metal wires relatively early during IC lifetime, which can significantly decrease electromigration reliability. In this paper, we study the "chicken-egg" interlock among BTI, AVS and EM and quantify timing and power costs of meeting EM lifetime requirements with full consideration of BTI and AVS mechanisms. By applying existing statistical and physical EM models, we demonstrate that without such considerations, the inaccuracy (reduction) of EM lifetime due to improper guardband against BTI at signoff can be as high as 30% in a 28nm FDSOI foundry technology. Furthermore, we provide signoff guidelines which suggest that the lifetime penalty can be compensated by paying a penalty of up to 1.6% in area and 6% in power. We also demonstrate that suboptimal choice of voltage step size and scheduling strategy can result in up to 1.5 years of decreased EM lifetime.
A New Variable-Length Integer Code for Integer Representation and Its Application to Text Compression (2015)

Data Compression plays an important role in reducing data storage space in computer memory and in achieving minimum data transmission time in communication networks. There are two types of data compression: lossless and lossy. In lossless data compression, decompression reproduces data that is exactly match with the original data and in lossy data compression, the decompression reproduces data which is an approximation of the original data. Variable length integer codes such as Elias Gamma Code, Elias Delta Code, Golomb Code, have been used for data compression (i.e. integer compression, text compression, etc). In this paper, a new variable length integer code is proposed based on radix conversion and it is used with Burrows Wheeler Transform for text data compression. The performance of the proposed code is compared with Elias Gamma Code, Elias Delta Code and Golomb Code. For evaluation, Calgary corpus is used in the experiments, which ­contains both text file and binary files. Experimental results show that the Fibonacci code gives better compression rate on an ­average than all other coders and Elias Gamma Code gives better compression rate for text files. The other coders perform well for binary files compared to Elias Gamma Code.Keywords: Burrows-Wheeler Compressione, Elias Delta Code, Elias Gamma Code, Golomb Code, Variable-Length Integer Code
Modeling CPU energy consumption for energy efficient scheduling (2010)

In the past few years, we have seen the rising popularity of multi-core systems, including the 4, 6, and 8-cores present in i7 processors from Intel, and the 8 and 12 cores present in Magny-Cours processors from AMD. There is a general trend that newer processors have more and more number of cores. A study [6] showed that, in data centers, the CPU load is around 10-50%; thus, when multi-core processors are used in data centers, many of the cores will be unused for a majority of the time. Such a scenario is also true for a casual desktop PC user. As an idle core still consumes energy, from the perspective of saving energy, it is important to ensure that the idle cores are put in the lowest energy state and unnecessary wakeups for these idle cores are avoided. This will ensure the lowest energy consumption for a given set of tasks.
Plant intron splicing (2002)

Conference Abstract| February 01 2002 Plant intron splicing C.G. Simpson; C.G. Simpson 1Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. Thow; G. Thow 1Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. Clark; G. Clark 1Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N. Jennings; N. Jennings 1Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N. Escobar; N. Escobar 1Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. Oparka; K. Oparka 1Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J.W.S. Brown J.W.S. Brown 1Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2002) 30 (1): A18. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst030a018b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C.G. Simpson, G. Thow, G. Clark, N. Jennings, N. Escobar, K. Oparka, J.W.S. Brown; Plant intron splicing. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 2002; 30 (1): A18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst030a018b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 Biochemical Society2002 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Analytische Anwendungen der Chemilumineszenz (1977)

Abstract Die meisten organischen Verbindungen reagieren schon bei Raumtemperatur sehr langsam mit dem Sauerstoff der Luft. Die schwache Chemilumineszenz, die diese Autoxidation begleitet, kann mit empfindlichen Geräten verstärkt und gemessen werden. Die Lichtemission ist auch mechanisch und photochemisch induzierbar. Die Intensitäts/Zeit‐Kurven sind so charakteristisch, daß man mit ihnen feststellen kann, ob Zusammensetzung und Vorbehandlung zweier Proben übereinstimmen. Überdies lassen sich viele physikalische Eigenschaften mit der Lichtemission korrelieren und auf diese Weise messen.
Hydrodynamic Radii of Polyethylene Glycols in Different Solvents Determined from Viscosity Measurements (2007)

The hydrodynamic radius, rh, of low molar mass polyethylene glycol, MPEG = (200 to 1000) g·mol−1, in a homologous series of primary alcohols, acetone, and toluene has been determined from viscosity measurements. The viscosity data have been collected using a fast one-point method as well as a more generally used multipoint method. The results for both approaches are in good agreement. For a given average molar mass of PEG, rh is the largest in acetone, methanol, and toluene and shows a decrease with the chain length of the alcohol. For the solvents studied, rh shows an increase with MPEG that can be described adequately by the two-parameter Mark–Houwink equation for MPEG = (400 to 1000) g·mol−1. In the range T = (298.2 to 323.2) K, the influence of the temperature is not significant.
Mechanical Enhancement of Core-Shell Microlattices through High-Entropy Alloy Coating (2018)

Mechanical metamaterials such as microlattices are an emerging kind of new materials that utilize the combination of structural enhancement effect by geometrical modification and the intrinsic properties of its material constituents. Prior studies have reported the mechanical properties of ceramic or metal-coated composite lattices. However, the scalable synthesis and characterization of high-entropy alloy (HEA) as thin film coating for such cellular materials have not been studied previously. In this work, stereolithography was combined with Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering to conformally deposit a thin layer (~800 nm) of CrMnFeCoNi HEA film onto a polymer template to produce HEA-coated three-dimensional (3D) core-shell microlattice structures for the first time. The presented polymer/HEA hybrid microlattice exhibits high specific compressive strength (~0.018 MPa kg<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) at a density well below 1000 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, significantly enhanced stiffness (>5 times), and superior elastic recoverability compared to its polymer counterpart due to its composite nature. The findings imply that this highly scalable and effective route to synthesizing HEA-coated microlattices have the potential to produce novel metamaterials with desirable properties to cater specialized engineering applications.
Efficient and Selective Cu/Nitroxyl-Catalyzed Methods for Aerobic Oxidative Lactonization of Diols (2015)

Cu/nitroxyl catalysts have been identified that promote highly efficient and selective aerobic oxidative lactonization of diols under mild reaction conditions using ambient air as the oxidant. The chemo- and regioselectivity of the reaction may be tuned by changing the identity of the nitroxyl cocatalyst. A Cu/ABNO catalyst system (ABNO = 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-N-oxyl) shows excellent reactivity with symmetrical diols and hindered unsymmetrical diols, whereas a Cu/TEMPO catalyst system (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl-N-oxyl) displays excellent chemo- and regioselectivity for the oxidation of less hindered unsymmetrical diols. These catalyst systems are compatible with all classes of alcohols (benzylic, allylic, aliphatic), mediate efficient lactonization of 1,4-, 1,5-, and some 1,6-diols, and tolerate diverse functional groups, including alkenes, heterocycles, and other heteroatom-containing groups.
Unsupervised Foveal Vision Neural Networks with Top-Down Attention (2020)

Deep learning architectures are an extremely powerful tool for recognizing and classifying images. However, they require supervised learning and normally work on vectors the size of image pixels and produce the best results when trained on millions of object images. To help mitigate these issues, we propose the fusion of bottom-up saliency and top-down attention employing only unsupervised learning techniques, which helps the object recognition module to focus on relevant data and learn important features that can later be fine-tuned for a specific task. In addition, by utilizing only relevant portions of the data, the training speed can be greatly improved. We test the performance of the proposed Gamma saliency technique on the Toronto and CAT2000 databases, and the foveated vision in the Street View House Numbers (SVHN) database. The results in foveated vision show that Gamma saliency is comparable to the best and computationally faster. The results in SVHN show that our unsupervised cognitive architecture is comparable to fully supervised methods and that the Gamma saliency also improves CNN performance if desired. We also develop a topdown attention mechanism based on the Gamma saliency applied to the top layer of CNNs to improve scene understanding in multi-object images or images with strong background clutter. When we compare the results with human observers in an image dataset of animals occluded in natural scenes, we show that topdown attention is capable of disambiguating object from background and improves system performance beyond the level of human observers.
Fuel Consumption and Emissions Effects in Passenger Car Diesel Engines through the Use of a Belt Starter Generator (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Modern vehicles need to fulfil challenging requirements with respect to emissions, noise and fuel consumption. Up to the EU5 legislation a sound steady state application was sufficient for passenger car Diesel engines to meet these requirements, and fuel consumption was less in the focus than the emissions of nitrous oxides and soot, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Future legislation will require not only tighter limits in emissions but additionally will set fuel consumption targets. More demanding drive cycles will make it even more difficult to achieve these targets.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Additional to measures on the combustion engine, moderate electrification for energy recuperation as well as the supply of electrical generated torque to the drive train will increasingly find its way into modern passenger cars.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The presence of an electric machine can be used not only to reduce the fuel consumption but also the emissions of the combustion engine. One such method may be the reduction of load peak of the combustion engine, the so-called “phlegmatisation”, especially during acceleration. Phlegmatisation means the replacement of torque from the combustion engine by torque from the electric machine during transients. It not only reduces the peak load but also decreases the dynamic demands on the “slower” engine controls, namely the air path, which cannot respond to changes in demand cycle by cycle like for example the fuel path or the ignition.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The current paper reports on the application of this method. A 1.6 litre 4 cylinder engine was tested on an engine dynamometer, where the test bed brake was used to simulate the presence of an electric machine. Automated cycle driving was used at the Continental Regensburg Test Centre, to run various strategies in the World Harmonised Light Duty Test Cycle, WLTC, as well as in the New European Drive Cycle, NEDC. These results will be presented.</div></div>
Outcome of penile prosthesis implantation for treating erectile dysfunction: experience with 504 procedures (2005)

Of the men implanted with a penile prosthesis, 81% were satisfied with the outcome and an even higher proportion were satisfied with the inflatable prostheses. Dissatisfaction was mainly due to complications that resulted in removal of the prosthesis.