gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Cadmium-Induced Metallothionein in Urine by ELISA and Prevention of Overestimation Due to Polymerization* (1999)

Urinary metallothionein (MT) is a biological marker of cadmium (Cd) exposure and Cd-induced renal dysfunction. The MT is prone to oxidation due to high cysteine content and forms polymers, which can result in overestimation of the protein by immunochemical methods. The objectives of the present study were to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of MT in urine and to find ways by which the protein could either be preserved in its monomeric form or converted to this form before analysis to avoid overestimation. Urine specimens analyzed were either from rats repeatedly injected with Cd or from individuals chronically exposed to cadmium through their diets. The MT in rat urine remained in the monomeric form if the urine was collected at 4 degrees C but did not if it was collected at room temperature. The MT was also polymerized if the urine was subjected to repeated freezing and thawing. Overestimation of MT in rat urine occurred (as much as 12-fold) if the MT was polymerized. Addition of 5mM mercaptoethanol to freshly collected rat urine retarded MT polymerization, and addition of 50mM mercaptoethanol converted the polymerized MT to its monomeric form. Analysis of MT in frozen human urine samples revealed that if the urines were not treated with mercaptoethanol, the estimates of MT concentration were up to 11-fold higher than in the treated samples. We conclude that the polymerization of MT in rat and human urines is a serious problem and results in overestimation of the protein by ELISA and that this problem could be overcome by the addition of mercaptoethanol to the urine samples prior to analysis.
Cutting Edge: Functional Characterization of the Effect of the C3H/HeJ Defect in Mice that Lack an <i>Lps</i> <i>n</i> Gene: In Vivo Evidence for a Dominant Negative Mutation (1999)

A point mutation in the Tlr4 gene, which encodes Toll-like receptor 4, has recently been proposed to underlie LPS hyporesponsiveness in C3H/HeJ mice (Lpsd). The data presented herein demonstrate that F1 progeny from crosses between mice that carry a approximately 9-cM deletion of chromosome 4 (including deletion of LpsTlr4) and C3H/HeJ mice (i.e., Lps0 x Lpsd F1 mice) exhibit a pattern of LPS sensitivity, measured by TNF activity, that is indistinguishable from that exhibited by Lpsn x Lpsd F1 progeny and whose average response is "intermediate" to parental responses. Thus, these data provide clear functional support for the hypothesis that the C3H/HeJ defect exerts a dominant negative effect on LPS sensitivity; however, expression of a normal Toll-like receptor 4 molecule is apparently not required.
Factors governing the synthesis of zeolites from silicoaluminate hydrogels : a comparative study of the crystallization mechanisms of zeolites Y, mordenite and ZSM-5 (1986)

The syntheses of zeolites Y, mordenite and ZSM-5 have been systematically investigated. All crystallization processes can be explained by assuming direct hydrogel transformation (or surface nucleation) (ZSM-5 type B), aqueous phase ion transportation (mordenite, ZSM-5 type A), or by a combination of these two mechanisms (zeolite Y). The characterization of the liquid and solid precursors and intermediate phases has been carried out mainly by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The influence of tetraalkylammonium salts addition on the synthesis of zeolite Y is discussed in terms of structure-directing effects of the organic cations and supersaturation of the zeolite-forming species.
Rapid measurement of deuterium-labeled long-chain fatty acids in plasma by HPLC-ESI-MS (2006)

Imbalanced fatty acid metabolism contributes significantly to the increased incidence of metabolic disorders. Isotope-labeled fatty acids (2H, 13C) provide efficient means to trace fatty acid metabolism in vivo. This study reports a new and rapid method for the quantification of deuterium-labeled fatty acids in plasma by HPLC-MS. The sample preparation protocol developed required only hydrolysis, neutralization, and quenching steps followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis in negative ion mode using single ion monitoring. Deuterium-labeled stearic acid (d7-C18:0) was synthesized to reduce matrix interference observed with d5 analog, which improved the limit of detection (LOD) significantly, depending on the products analyzed. Linearity > 0.999 between the LOD (100 nM) and 30 microM, accuracy > 90%, precision > 88%, and adequate recovery in the dynamic range were obtained for d7-C18:0 and d7-oleic acid (C18:1). Upon oral dosing of d7-C18:0 in rats, the parent compound and its desaturation and beta-oxidation products, d7-C18:1 and d7-C16:0, were circulating with a maximal concentration ranging from 0.6 to 2.2 microM, with significant levels of d7-fatty acids detected for up to 72 h.
UV photoemission study of low temperature oxygen adsorption on GaAs(110) (1983)

The adsorption of oxygen on the (110) cleaved surface of GaAs is studied by first physisorbing molecular O2 on the surface at a temperature of approximately 45 K and then warming the surface to 300 K. The transformation from a state with molecular O2 physisorbed on the surface to one with chemisorbed atomic oxygen is studied with ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) using a helium resonance lamp as a source. The physisorbed state shows a set of emission peaks with spacings equal to the gas phase values. The sample temperature is not cold enough to obtain multiple layers of condensed oxygen. As the temperature of the sample is then increased from T=45 to 300 K, the UPS spectrum changes dramatically; by T=60 K the molecular O2 peaks have disappeared and by 170 K the spectra have taken on a form characteristic of chemisorbed atomic oxygen. Evidence is found for one or more intermediate states during the transformation of the physisorbed molecular O2 to chemisorbed atomic oxygen.
AC Drive System for Tension Reel Control (1985)

Recently, adjustable-speed ac drive systems have been employed successfully for blowers, pumps, table rollers, etc., in steel plants instead of the more conventional dc drives. In processing lines many drives require speed and tension control. To confirm the suitability of an ac drive for tension control, the tension reel of an existing pilot processing line has been equipped with an adjustable-speed ac drive. An ac drive system for tension reel control, its characteristics, and performance are described and compared with a dc tension control.
Predicting web search success with fine-grained interaction data (2012)

Detecting and predicting searcher success is essential for automatically evaluating and improving Web search engine performance. In the past, Web searcher behavior data, such as result clickthrough, dwell time, and query reformulation sequences, have been successfully used for a variety of tasks, including prediction of success in a search session. However, the effectiveness of the previous approaches has been limited, as they tend to ignore how searchers actually view and interact with the visited pages. We show that fine-grained interactions, such as mouse cursor movements and scrolling, provide additional clues for better predicting success of a search session as a whole. To this end, we identify patterns of examination and interaction behavior that correspond to search success, and design a new Fine-grained Session Behavior (FSB) model to capture these patterns. Our experimental results show that FSB is significantly more effective than the state-of-the-art approaches that do not use these additional interaction data.
The Collegiate Student Orientation Scale (CSOS): Application of the Marketing Concept to Higher Education (2003)

ABSTRACT Today's administrators in higher education face a dynamic marketplace that offers students an array of educational options and alternatives. Much like organizations more traditionally associated with marketing strategies and tactics, colleges and universities are gradually moving towards and embracing the marketing concept and a focus on consumer orientation. The fundamental objective in this study was to develop and empirically test a multi-item scale called the Collegiate Student Orientation Scale (CSOS). The results of the study showed that the CSOS demonstrated adequate internal reliability. Implications of the results and administrative applications for the new scale are discussed. Finally, avenues for future research are presented.
Incorporation of barium for the synthesis of heterometallic alkoxides: synthesis and structures of [BaZr2(O-iso-Pr)10]2 and Ba{Zr2(O-iso-Pr)9}2 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIncorporation of barium for the synthesis of heterometallic alkoxides: synthesis and structures of [BaZr2(O-iso-Pr)10]2 and Ba{Zr2(O-iso-Pr)9}2Brian A. Vaarstra, John C. Huffman, William E. Streib, and Kenneth G. CaultonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 15, 3068–3072Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00015a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00015a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Osteocalcin: an endocrine link between bone and glucose metabolism (2011)

Impaired glucose metabolism is common and contributes to the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Deletion of the gene for the osteoblast-derived protein, osteocalcin, leads to insulin resistance in mice, while the addition of osteocalcin increases insulin secretion from β-cells and adiponectin expression in adipocytes. Osteocalcin deficiency in γ-carboxyl groups, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, was found to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity in experiments. Recent studies have examined the relevance of these findings to glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in humans. Low total osteocalcin levels are associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in observational studies. New therapeutic approaches to diabetes and heart disease may be anticipated if this bone-derived protein is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk.
Magnetic susceptibility of (VO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: A one-dimensional spin-<i>1/2</i>Heisenberg antiferromagnet with a ladder spin configuration and a singlet ground state (1987)

Powder magnetic susceptibility data between 1.3 and 350 K are presented for the orthorhombic compound (VO${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, containing a one-dimensional ladder configuration of spins (1/2). Perhaps surprisingly, the data are accurately fitted, both as to shape and magnitude, by theoretical predictions of Bonner, Bl\"ote, Bray, and Jacobs for the spin-(1/2) alternating antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain, with ${J}_{1}$/${k}_{B}$=-65.7 K, ${J}_{2}$/${k}_{B}$=-46.0 K, and g=2.00, where ${J}_{1}$ and ${J}_{2}$ are the two alternating exchange-interaction constants and g is the Land\'e g factor.
Techniques for the Study of Foamed Cement Rheology (2010)

Abstract This paper presents methods and laboratory equipment that enable a more accurate assessment of foamed cement used to provide zonal isolation in oil and gas wells. The rotating cup and rotor viscometer commonly used to evaluate foamed cement rheology can introduce a high degree of error. Such errors can lead to the conclusion that low-quality ("quality" defined as the percent of foam in the slurry) cement foams have lower viscosities than their base fluids; such conclusions have been reported by other research organizations. The following attributes of the "bob and sleeve" conventional rotational viscometer are contrasted to those of a three-dimensional (3D) design, referred to as the Fann Yield Stress Adapter (FYSA). Bob/sleeve can exhibit particle or bubble separation. The FYSA provides 3D mixing to maintain a homogeneous mixture of bubbles or particles.Bob/sleeve produces "wall slip," a common problem with two-phase fluids. The FYSA minimizes wall slip.Low rev/min of the bob/sleeve may not create sufficient stress to ensure velocity profile distribution in the bob/sleeve cup, resulting in significant errors. The FYSA provides 3D volume averaging shear-stress/shear-rate regimes. A key feature of the FYSA viscometer is that it directly measures the yield point (YP) of a fluid; therefore, it does not rely on statistical regression of shear stress vs. shear rate data. It also measures shear stress vs. shear rate for a variety of complex fluids. The rheology of foamed cement has a direct impact on the hydraulic properties of the slurry. The advantages of applying foamed cement are Increased wall shear stress for better displacement of drilling mud from the annulus and removal of filter cake from the wellbore wallsImproved fluid-loss controlPrevention of gas migration and water influx during the critical gel-strength periodReduced slurry density for protection of weak formations This paper presents rheology-testing results using the FYSA and contrasts FYSA results with those obtained using the bob/sleeve method.
Measurement of (1 → 3),(1 → 4)‐β‐<scp>D</scp>‐glucan in barley and oats: A streamlined enzymic procedure (1991)

Abstract A commercially available enzymic method for the quantitative measurement of (1 → 3),(1 → 4)‐β‐glucan has been simplified to allow analysis of up to 10 grain samples in 70 min or of 100–200 samples by a single operator in a day. These improvements have been achieved with no loss in accuracy or precision and with an increase in reliability. The glucose oxidase/peroxidase reagent has been significantly improved to ensure colour stability for periods of up to 1 h after development. Some problems experienced with the original method have been addressed and resolved, and further experiments to demonstrate the quantitative nature of the assay have been designed and performed.
Cross-dock job assignment problem in space-constrained industrial logistics distribution hubs with a single docking zone (2011)

This paper addresses a cross-dock operations problem in space-constrained industrial logistics distribution hubs. In these hubs, the number of incoming trucks exceeds the number of docks available, and inbound trucks and orders arrive at random. The solution lies in minimising the waiting time of trucks by coordinating the pick up/delivery sequences of inbound and outbound orders in the storage zones. A mathematical model and a meta-heuristics algorithm, which is based on a genetic algorithm, are developed to address the problem. This research is innovative because the proposed algorithm allows the insertion of inbound orders that arrive at random into the schedule, without causing any significant disturbance to the original outbound order schedule. Computational experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the algorithm under heavy and normal cross-dock conditions. Results show that the algorithm reduces the total makespan of storage operations by 10% to 20% under heavy and normal conditions. The research study benefits manufacturers by increasing cross-docking efficiency in industrial logistics systems characterised by limited temporary storage capacity and the random arrival of inbound trucks.
Test generation via Dynamic Symbolic Execution for mutation testing (2010)

Mutation testing has been used to assess and improve the quality of test inputs. Generating test inputs to achieve high mutant-killing ratios is important in mutation testing. However, existing test-generation techniques do not provide effective support for killing mutants in mutation testing. In this paper, we propose a general test-generation approach, called PexMutator, for mutation testing using Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE), a recent effective test-generation technique. Based on a set of transformation rules, PexMutator transforms a program under test to an instrumented meta-program that contains mutant-killing constraints. Then PexMutator uses DSE to generate test inputs for the meta-program. The mutant-killing constraints introduced via instrumentation guide DSE to generate test inputs to kill mutants automatically. We have implemented our approach as an extension for Pex, an automatic structural testing tool developed at Microsoft Research. Our preliminary experimental study shows that our approach is able to strongly kill more than 80% of all the mutants for the five studied subjects. In addition, PexMutator is able to outperform Pex, a state-of-the-art test-generation tool, in terms of strong mutant killing while achieving the same block coverage.
Dynamics of Bipedal Gait: Part I—Objective Functions and the Contact Event of a Planar Five-Link Biped (1993)

Previous approaches to the problem of prescribing the motion of bipedal machines do not completely characterize the desired walking patterns in terms of coherent parameters. A well-structured parametric formulation that ties the objective functions to the resulting gait patterns has never been established. This article presents an approach that can be followed to formulate objective functions which can be used to prescribe the gait of a planar, five-element, bipedal automaton during single support phase. The motion of the biped is completely characterized in terms of progression speed, step length, maximum step height, and stance knee bias. Kinematic relations have been derived and the inverse problem has been solved to perform a parametric study that correlates the regions of the four-dimensional parameter space with the respective gait patterns. Major limitations include the assumptions of rigid elements and point contact between the lower limbs and the walking surface. Most importantly, the motion of the biped is assumed to perfectly conform with the objective functions at the instant of contact. The control and stability issues are presented in Part II of this paper.
Investigating the Proteome Reactivity and Selectivity of Aryl Halides (2014)

Protein-reactive electrophiles are critical to chemical proteomic applications including activity-based protein profiling, site-selective protein modification, and covalent inhibitor development. Here, we explore the protein reactivity of a panel of aryl halides that function through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S(N)Ar) mechanism. We show that the reactivity of these electrophiles can be finely tuned by varying the substituents on the aryl ring. We identify p-chloro- and fluoronitrobenzenes and dichlorotriazines as covalent protein modifiers at low micromolar concentrations. Interestingly, investigating the site of labeling of these electrophiles within complex proteomes identified p-chloronitrobenzene as highly cysteine selective, whereas the dichlorotriazine favored reactivity with lysines. These studies illustrate the diverse reactivity and amino-acid selectivity of aryl halides and enable the future application of this class of electrophiles in chemical proteomics.
Exposure of Newborn Rats to Pharmacologically Active Compounds May Permanently Alter Carcinogen Metabolism (1981)

Administration of phenobarbital to mother rats during early lactation causes long-term, perhaps permanent, alteration of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity and aflatoxin B1 adduct formation in the adult male offspring. These findings suggest that perinatal exposure to pharmacologically active compounds may be a determinant of cancer risk.
<title>Description and recognition of faces from 3D data</title> (1992)

A method based on differential geometry, is presented for mathematically describing the shape of the facial surface. Three-dimensional data for the face are collected by optical surface scanning. The method allows the segmentation of the face into regions of a particular `surface type,' according to the surface curvature. Eight different surface types are produced which all have perceptually meaningful interpretations. The correspondence of the surface type regions to the facial features are easily visualized, allowing a qualitative assessment of the face. A quantitative description of the face in terms of the surface type regions can be produced and the variation of the description between faces is demonstrated. A set of optical surface scans can be registered together and averages to produce an average male and average female face. Thus an assessment of how individuals vary from the average can be made as well as a general statement about the differences between male and female faces. This method will enable an investigation to be made as to how reliably faces can be individuated by their surface shape which, if feasible, may be the basis of an automatic system for recognizing faces. It also has applications in physical anthropology, for classification of the face, facial reconstructive surgery, to quantify the changes in a face altered by reconstructive surgery and growth, and in visual perception, to assess the recognizability of faces. Examples of some of these applications are presented.
A Polymorphism in the<i>CTGF</i>Promoter Region Associated with Systemic Sclerosis (2007)

The G-945C substitution represses CTGF transcription, and the -945G allele is significantly associated with susceptibility to systemic sclerosis.
<title>Microwave applicators for photoacoustic ultrasonagraphy</title> (1996)

This investigation describes the design and performance of two, water-immersed, microwave applicators (433 MHz) for use with photoacoustic ultrasonography (PAUS). A cylindrical, open-aperture waveguide was chosen because it could be integrated easily into our PAUS instrumentation. The microwave flux distributions for two microwave applicators were measured using a specially-constructed temperature probe, consisting of an optical fiber with a temperature-sensitive phosphor that was placed inside a thin, polyethylene tube filled with 0.5 M saline. Using this instrumentation, we mapped the microwave flux distribution for each applicator. The physical characteristics of these applicators are discussed.