gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Elementary Divisors, Associated with 0, of a Singular M-matrix (1956)

1. Many investigations have been concerned with a squaro matrix P with non-negative coefficients (elements). It is remarkable that many interesting properties of P are determined by the set Σ of index pairs of positive ( i.e. non-zero) coefficients of P , the actual values of these coefficients being irrelevant. Thus, for example, the number of characteristic roots equal in absolute value to the largest non-negative characteristic root p depends on Σ alone, if P is irreducible. If P is reducible, then Σ determines the standard forms of P (cf. § 3). The multiplicity of p depends on Σ, and on the set S of indices of those submatrices in the diagonal in a standard form of P which have p as a characteristic root. It has apparently not been considered before whether Σ and S also determine the elementary divisors associated with p . We shall show that, in general, the elementary divisors do not depend on these sets alone, but that necessary and sufficient conditions may be found in terms of Σ and S ( a ) for the elementary divisors associated with p to be simple, and ( b ) that there is only one elementary divisor associated with p .
Estimation of virtual interpupillary distances for immersive head-mounted displays (2010)

Head-mounted displays (HMDs) allow users to observe virtual environments (VEs) from an egocentric perspective. In order to present a realistic stereoscopic view, the rendering system has to be adjusted to the characteristics of the HMD, e. g., the display's field of view (FOV), as well as to characteristics that are unique for each user, in particular her interpupillary distance (IPD). Typically, the user's IPD is measured, and then applied to the virtual IPD used for rendering, assuming that the HMD's display units are correctly adjusted in front of the user's eyes. A discrepancy between the user's IPD and the virtual IPD may distort the perception of the VE.
An RF Field Strength Measurement System Using Unintegrated Optical Linear Modulator (1980)

An electrically small dipole or loop antenna may be mated with an integrated optical linear modulator and optical fibers to form a broadband, minimally perturbing, RF field strength measurement device. Good preliminary results have been obtained with the modulator prototype.
Indoor Localization, Tracking and Fall Detection for Assistive Healthcare Based on Spatial Sparsity and Wireless Sensor Network (2013)

Indoor localization and fall detection are two of the most paramount topics in assistive healthcare, where tracking the positions and actions of the patient or elderly is required for medical observation or accident prevention. Most of existing indoor localization methods are based on estimating one or more location-dependent signal parameters. However, some challenges caused by the complex scenarios within a closed space significantly limit the applicability of those existing approaches in an indoor environment, such as the severe multipath effect. In this paper, the authors propose a new one-stage, three-dimensional localization method based on the spatial sparsity in the x-y-z space. The proposed method is not only able to estimate and track the accurate positions of the patient, but also capable to detect the falls of the patient. In this method, the authors directly estimate the location of the emitter without going through the intermediate stage of TOA or signal strength estimation. The authors evaluate the performance of the proposed method using various Monte Carlo simulation settings. The results show that the proposed method is (i) very accurate even with a small number of sensors and (ii) very effective in addressing the multi-path issues.
Sistemas de incentivos baseados no valor como estratégia de crescimento (1995)

Three hundred and forty five salt samples were randomly taken from 106 sources where iodised salts were supplied or put for sale in all areas gazetted as endemic goitre areas in Sarawak. The samples were analysed for the presence of iodine. In areas in Sibu, Sarikei and Kapit Divisions, 53-70% of salt put for sale were iodised while in the other 6 Divisions, it was less than 27%. As iodisation of salt is an interventive measure in addressing the goitre problem in the State, regular monitoring of iodisation facilities and iodine content of iodised salt in the affected areas is important to ensure the effectiveness of the programme.
Holey barrier (2003)

Endothelial tight junctions (TJs)* are an important functional part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this issue, Nitta et al. (2003) demonstrate that claudin-5, a transmembrane protein of TJs, is a critical determinant of BBB permeability in mice. Unexpectedly, knockout of claudin-5 did not result in a general breakdown of TJs but in a selective increase in paracellular permeability of small molecules. This suggests that the BBB can be manipulated to allow selective diffusion of small molecules and makes claudin-5 a possible target for the development of drugs for this purpose.
Improved methods of DNA extraction from human spermatozoa that mitigate experimentally-induced oxidative DNA damage (2018)

Current approaches for DNA extraction and fragmentation from mammalian spermatozoa provide several challenges for the investigation of the oxidative stress burden carried in the genome of male gametes. Indeed, the potential introduction of oxidative DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species, reducing agents (dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol), and DNA shearing techniques used in the preparation of samples for chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing serve to cofound the reliability and accuracy of the results obtained. Here we report optimised methodology that minimises, or completely eliminates, exposure to DNA damaging compounds during extraction and fragmentation procedures. Specifically, we show that Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion prior to cellular lysis generates a greater DNA yield with minimal collateral oxidation while randomly fragmenting the entire paternal genome. This modified methodology represents a significant improvement over traditional fragmentation achieved via sonication in the preparation of genomic DNA from human spermatozoa for downstream applications, such as next-generation sequencing. We also present a redesigned bioinformatic pipeline framework adjusted to correctly analyse this form of data and detect statistically relevant targets of oxidation.
Amateur fish culture (1901)

TV JTY aim, in this little book, has been to -L* A give information and hints which will prove useful to the amateur. Some
Radially arranged dihedral corner reflector array for wide viewing angle of floating image without virtual image (2019)

We proposed a new type of dihedral corner reflector array (DCRA) called "radially arranged DCRA". Our radially arranged DCRA could display a floating, three-dimensional image with a wide viewing angle without producing virtual images because dihedral corner reflectors were radially arranged for the designed paths of rays. In this research, we designed a reflector array pattern and evaluated the viewing angle of the floating image displayed by our radially arranged DCRA. During evaluation, we measured the reflection ratio of the radially arranged DCRA and demonstrated a floating image. Compared with a conventional DCRA, our radially arranged DCRA could expand the viewing angle from ± 30° to ± 90° without producing virtual images.
Processing of Notch and amyloid precursor protein by γ-secretase is spatially distinct (2004)

gamma-Secretase activity is associated with a presenilin (PS)-containing macromolecular complex. Whether PS contains the active site of gamma-secretase has been controversial. One challenge is to find PS that is engaged in the active gamma-secretase complex at the cell surface, where some substrates appear to be processed. In this study, we developed an intact cell photolabeling technique that allows the direct visualization of active gamma-secretase at the cell surface. We demonstrated that active gamma-secretase is present in the plasma membrane. Moreover, the PS1 heterodimer is specifically photolabeled at the cell surface by a potent inhibitor that binds to only the active gamma-secretase. We also explored the cellular processing sites of gamma-secretase for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch by using small molecular probes. MRL631, a gamma-secretase inhibitor that is unable to penetrate the cell membrane, significantly blocks gamma-secretase-mediated Notch cleavage but has little effect on APP processing. These results indicate that Notch is processed at the cell surface and that the majority of APP is processed by intracellular gamma-secretase. Furthermore, the fact that inhibitors first target gamma-secretase in the plasma membrane for Notch processing, and not for APP, will have important implications for drug development to treat Alzheimer's disease and cancer.
Development of a Compact Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscope (2014)

We report a compact scanning transmission X-ray microscope newly designed and developed at the Photon Factory. The microscope has very compact size and is equipped with fully digitized control electronics to realize high stability, precise positioning and fast data acquisition. The hardware design of the microscope is described in detail. Results of measurement using test samples are also presented.
La gramática transformacional y la enseñanza de idiomas extranjeros (1963)

Mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) is thought to be a key component of the mitotic checkpoint, which ensures accurate chromosome segregation. Reduced expression of MAD2 protein is associated with mitotic checkpoint abrogation and chromosomal instability in certain types of human cancers. To explore the possibility of developing a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer based on selective killing of mitotic checkpoint-defective or -competent cells, here we have investigated the effect of MAD2 expression on cellular sensitivity to checkpoint-targeting anticancer drugs. We reintroduced MAD2 protein in a mitotic checkpoint-defective nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, CNE2, using an inducible expression vector. We found that overexpression of MAD2 led to an increased sensitivity to vincristine, which was accompanied by increased mitotic index and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, increased phosphorylation of Raf, MEK1/2 and Bcl-2 was observed in MAD2-overexpressing cells in response to vincristine. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphorylation of MEK1/2 by its inhibitor PD098059 led to reduced sensitivity to vincristine, which was associated with decreased Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Our data suggest a role for MAD2 in the sensitization of cancer cells to certain mitotic checkpoint-targeting anticancer drugs.
Benzotriazole as Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper (1971)

The effect of benzotriazole (BTA) on corrosion of copper in 5% NaCl has been studied by immersion tests, potentiostatic polarization, AC impedance measurements, and ellipsometric investigations. It was found that BTA when present in the corrosive environment is a good inhibitor. The good electronic conductivity of the film formed on copper, the decreased double capacity, small film thickness, and decreased current on anodic polarization curves indicate that BTA is chemisorbed on the surface. This prevents adsorption of oxygen and formation of a prenucleation layer which is the forerunner of oxide formation. Discrepancies with results obtained by other investigators using infrared reflectance techniques are discussed.
A Wearable Cardiac Monitor for Long-Term Data Acquisition and Analysis (2012)

A low-power wearable ECG monitoring system has been developed entirely from discrete electronic components and a custom PCB. This device removes all loose wires from the system and minimizes the footprint on the user. The monitor consists of five electrodes, which allow a cardiologist to choose from a variety of possible projections. Clinical tests to compare our wearable monitor with a commercial clinical ECG recorder are conducted on ten healthy adults under different ambulatory conditions, with nine of the datasets used for analysis. Data from both monitors were synchronized and annotated with PhysioNet's waveform viewer WAVE (physionet.org) [1]. All gold standard annotations are compared to the results of the WQRS detection algorithm [2] provided by PhysioNet. QRS sensitivity and QRS positive predictability are extracted from both monitors to validate the wearable monitor.
Efficient truxenone-based acceptors for organic photovoltaics (2012)

Two electron-deficient truxenone derivatives are designed and synthesised for organic photovoltaic applications. The promise of this class of compounds as acceptor materials is illustrated by the fabrication of efficient bilayer solar cells with a subphthalocyanine (SubPc) donor, clearly outperforming reference cells with a soluble fullerene derivative as the acceptor.
High-power tunable terahertz generation based on photoconductive antenna arrays (2008)

A new scheme for a compact, continuously tunable terahertz source based on photoconductive antenna arrays is presented. Narrowband terahertz radiation is generated by superposition of time-delayed wideband radiations from an array of sub-picosecond photoconductive antennas. We demonstrate an 8 μW average power, radiation bandwidth of 0.05 THz, and a tuning range of 0.65–1.4 THz, through a 2.5×10 mm2 photoconductive antenna array prototype.
Vascular responses to leukocyte products in atherosclerotic primates. (1989)

Little is known about the possible role of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of vasospasm. We hypothesized that vasoactive products released by leukocytes might produce constriction of atherosclerotic arteries. To test this hypothesis, we infused fmet-leu-phe (fMLP), a peptide that activates leukocytes to release their vasoactive products, into the perfused hind limb of normal and atherosclerotic cynomolgus monkeys. Infusion of fMLP did not change resistance of large arteries in normal monkeys. In contrast, fMLP produced pronounced constriction of large arteries in atherosclerotic monkeys. To determine whether leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which are released by leukocytes, may contribute to leukocyte-induced vasoconstriction in atherosclerotic monkeys, we injected leukotriene D4, platelet-activating factor, and PGE2 intra-arterially into the perfused hind limb. Leukotriene D4 and platelet-activating factor had minimal effects on large arteries in both normal and atherosclerotic monkeys. PGE2 produced marked constriction of large arteries in atherosclerotic, but not normal, monkeys. Thus, pronounced constriction in atherosclerotic, but not normal, arteries during infusion of fMLP suggests that products released by leukocytes may mediate vasoconstriction in atherosclerotic vessels. Vasoconstrictor responses to PGE2 are profoundly potentiated by atherosclerosis, which suggests that PGE2 may contribute to leukocyte-induced vasoconstriction.
Masked Accelerators and Instruction Set Extensions for Post-Quantum Cryptography (2021)

Side-channel attacks can break mathematically secure cryptographic systems leading to a major concern in applied cryptography. While the cryptanalysis and security evaluation of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) have already received an increasing research effort, a cost analysis of efficient side-channel countermeasures is still lacking. In this work, we propose a masked HW/SW codesign of the NIST PQC finalists Kyber and Saber, suitable for their different characteristics. Among others, we present a novel masked ciphertext compression algorithm for non-power-of-two moduli. To accelerate linear performance bottlenecks, we developed a generic Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) multiplier, which, in contrast to previously published accelerators, is also efficient and suitable for schemes not based on NTT. For the critical non-linear operations, masked HW accelerators were developed, allowing a secure execution using RISC-V instruction set extensions. With the proposed design, we achieved a cycle count of K:214k/E:298k/D:313k for Kyber and K:233k/E:312k/D:351k for Saber with NIST Level III parameter sets. For the same parameter sets, the masking overhead for the first-order secure decapsulation operation including randomness generation is a factor of 4.48 for Kyber (D:1403k)and 2.60 for Saber (D:915k).
The arterial tourniquet: pathophysiological consequences and anaesthetic implications (2001)

The arterial tourniquet is widely used in upper and lower extremity surgery and in intravenous regional anaesthesia. The local and systemic physiological effects and the anaesthetic implications are reviewed. Localised complications result from either tissue compression beneath the cuff or tissue ischaemia distal to the tourniquet. Systemic effects are related to the inflation or deflation of the tourniquet. Safe working guidelines for the application of an arterial tourniquet have not been clearly defined.
Efficient Parcel Delivery by Predicting Customers’ Locations* (2019)

ABSTRACT An important aspect of the growing e‐commerce sector involves the delivery of tangible goods to the end customer, the so‐called last mile. This final stage of the logistics chain remains highly inefficient due to the problem of failed deliveries. To address this problem, delivery service providers can apply data science to determine the optimal, customer‐centered location and time window for handover. In this article, we present a three‐step approach for location prediction, based on mobile location data, in order to support delivery planning. The first step is identifying a user's locations of interest through density‐based clustering. Next, the semantics (home or work) of the user's locations of interest are discovered, based on temporal assumptions. Finally, we predict future locations with a decision tree model that is trained on each user's historical location data. Though the problem of location prediction is not new, this work is the first to apply it to the field of parcel delivery with its corresponding implications. Moreover, we provide a novel and detailed evaluation on real‐world data from a parcel delivery service. The promising results indicate that our approach has the potential to help delivery service providers to gain insights into their customers’ optimal delivery time and location in order to support delivery planning. Eventually this will decrease last‐mile delivery costs and boost customer satisfaction.
HCCI Operation Control in a Multi-Cylinder Gasoline Engine (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, the possibility of real-time HCCI control in a multi-cylinder gasoline engine was examined. Specifically, we applied a multivariate analysis based on an experimental design of quality engineering, and picked out several engine parameters which influence gasoline HCCI combustion stability. We clarified the characteristics of engine parameters in a gasoline HCCI operation area and propose the control concept: The internal EGR control is applied to multi-cylinder control by using the variable valve system, and air-fuel mixture control is applied to each-cylinder injection control while keeping the mixture homogeneous. Combustion conditions and engine out A/F need to be detected and fed back individually for each cylinder. With the proposed concept, it is possible to construct a real-time HCCI control system in a multi-cylinder gasoline engine.</div>
Tumor response to ionizing radiation and combined 2-deoxy-D-glucose application in EATC tumor bearing mice: monitoring of tumor size and microscopic observations. (1993)

The present study deals with the changes induced by two fractionation schedules (5 x 9 Gy and 10 x 4.5 Gy; 30 MeV-electrons) of ionizing radiations and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) application on EATC tumor bearing swiss albino mice. The monitoring of tumor response was carried out by means of caliper measurement on the macroscopic level and by histopathological examination of tumor preparations stained with hematoxiline and eosine on the microscopic level. The tumor material was assessed at suitable intervals after treatment by killing the animals. The tumor response was analysed in the histological preparations and the thickness of the tumor band was determined quantitatively by an ocular micrometric technique. Tumor damage was most extensive in the combined treated animals (5 x 9 Gy + 2-DG). Only in this group local tumor control was achievable. The histological analysis of tumor preparations revealed additional data about treatment-induced changes in the tumor compared to the measurement of the tumor volume with mechanical calipers. We also found that the treatment outcome could be predicted from the histopathological analysis. It is concluded that studies involving histopathological examinations may give some insight into the way cancer is controlled by radiotherapy and may be of value in prognosis and selection of treatment in patients.
Virtual Decoy Sets for Molecular Docking Benchmarks (2011)

Virtual docking algorithms are often evaluated on their ability to separate active ligands from decoy molecules. The current state-of-the-art benchmark, the Directory of Useful Decoys (DUD), minimizes bias by including decoys from a library of synthetically feasible molecules that are physically similar yet chemically dissimilar to the active ligands. We show that by ignoring synthetic feasibility, we can compile a benchmark that is comparable to the DUD and less biased with respect to physical similarity.
New design criteria of space-time codes for frequency-selective multipath wireless channels (2004)

In a single-input-single-output (SISO) system, signals are modulated to have a band-pass structure in the frequency domain in order to pass through a channel with a bandpass frequency response. Similarly, in a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system with multipath wireless channels, signals radiated from the multiple transmit antennas can be processed to form beams in order to have the spatial structure to pass through the wireless channel along the multipaths. Analogous to the frequency response, a natural angle response is formed by the multipath angles. In this paper, by jointly exploring the angle and the frequency structures of the space-time codes and of the space-time channels, novel space-time codes design criteria at moderate signals-to-noise ratios are proposed. New space-time trellis codes are identified through computer searches to justify the new criteria. Simulation results show that these codes have superior performance over the existing codes in the corresponding frequency-selective channels.
Search mechanisms for adaptive resonance theory (ART) architectures (1989)

A model to implement search in neural network hierarchies is outlined. The system models elementary properties of the chemical synapse, such as transmitter accumulation, depletion, and modulation. The search mechanism is embedded in an adaptive resonance theory (ART) architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>