gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SERS‐Active Nanocrystalline Pd Substrate and its Nanopatterning Leading to Biochip Fabrication (2008)

Nanocrystalline metallic Pd films have been produced by thermolysis of Pd hexadecanethiolate deposited on a Si surface. The particle size was in the range of 50-60 nm based on electron and atomic force microscopy. The Pd surface produced was found to be surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active with an enhancement factor of approximately 10(5). The electron-resist behavior of Pd thiolate is exploited in conceptualizing a prototype chip with patterned Pd regions that are SERS active, called "SERS bits", which host different biomolecules.
Nature of the receptor‐regulated calcium pool in the rat parotid gland. (1982)

1. The transient release of 86Rb from parotid slices induced by secretagogues was investigated. 2. In the absence of external Ca, only one transient response (to carbachol) could be obtained. 3. After blocking the cholinergic stimulus with atropine, a second response (to substance P) could be elicited if the slices were briefly (2 min) exposed to a Ca-containing medium. 4. The magnitude of the substance P response depended on the concentration of Ca to which the slices had been exposed. 5. An exposure to Ca of 2 min duration was found to be sufficient to restore maximal substance P responsiveness. 6. These results are interpreted to mean that the cholinergic stimulus elicited a transient 86Rb efflux response by first releasing a finite pool of cellular Ca which could be reloaded from the extracellular space by a brief (2 min) incubation in a Ca-containing medium. The magnitude of the subsequent response to substance P apparently reflects the quantity of Ca taken up by the pool. 7. A number of cationic substances antagonized the restoration by Ca of the substance P response; the rank order of potency was: La3+ = Tm3+ greater than Co2+ = Ni2+ greater than neomycin much greater than Mg2+. 8. These same substances were examined for their relative abilities to inhibit Ca binding to phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate; in this case the rank order of potency was: La3+ = Tm3+ greater than neomycin greater than Co2+ greater than Ni2+ = Mg2+. 9. It is concluded that the uptake process does not appear to reflect Ca binding to phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate.
Beta adrenergic inhibition of capsaicin-induced, NK1 receptor-mediated nerve growth factor biosynthesis in rat skin (2004)

Excitation of primary afferent neurons stimulates the expression of cytokines and nerve growth factor (NGF) in innervated tissues. Since NGF is a neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factor contributing to inflammatory hyperalgesia and tissue response to injury, this study was conducted in order to investigate the mechanisms by which afferent neuron stimulation by topical application of capsaicin increases NGF in the rat skin. Thereby it was sought to identify possible targets for pharmacological modulation of NGF biosynthesis. Topical capsaicin (>1 mg/ml ethanol) caused a concentration- and time-dependent increase in the concentration of NGF in rat skin. The capsaicin-induced increase of NGF was not significantly affected by indomethacin administered at a dose (2 mg/kg) that abolishes prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis. The NGF increase was suppressed by treatment of rats with the selective tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist SR140333 (0.1 mg/kg), and by the beta adrenergic agonist terbutaline (0.3 mg/kg). The effect of terbutaline was reversed by the beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol (1 mg/kg). Terbutaline also inhibited the increase in NGF caused by intraplantar injection of the NK1 receptor agonist substance P (SP), but did not significantly affect that caused by carrageenan. The results show that topical administration of capsaicin causes a primarily NK1 receptor-dependent increase in the NGF content of rat skin, which is susceptible to inhibition by beta adrenergic agonists. These observations not only suggest regulation of skin NGF biosynthesis by afferent neuronal and adrenergic mechanisms, but also indicate possible targets for pharmacological modulation of skin NGF biosynthesis.
Can XForm transform the Web? Transcending the Web as GUI.II (2000)

Designing completely abstract user interfaces for the Web requires addressing three separable aspects: presentation, logic and data. Our virtual assistant needs to know how to: prompt the user; do so in a specific order; and recognize spoken or typed entries. The first layer, presentation, addresses rendition of interactors, whether as GUI widgets, voice prompts, or paper blanks. Second, the logical layer governs the order of form field fill-in, multipage and sequenced forms, and scripting for input validation. Finally, the data layer adds more structure and coherency to existing text string-only values by applying richer schemas (types). This kind of coordinated evolution is precisely the mission of the World Wide Web Consortium, whose XForms working group is tackling these interdependent issues. While XHTML brought existing HTML 4.0 usage into XML compliance, XForms was specifically chartered to innovate solutions to support handheld, television, and desktop browsers; deploy richer user interfaces to meet the needs of business, consumer, and device-control applications; improve internationalization; and decouple presentation, logic, and data. The paper considers whether XForm can transform the Web.
A 0.54 μm/sup 2/ self-aligned, HSG floating gate cell (SAHF cell) for 256 Mbit flash memories (2002)

A 0.54 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ self-aligned memory cell with hemispherical-grained (HSG) poly-Si floating gate (SAHF cell) has been developed for 256 Mbit flash memories. Applying hemispherical-grained (HSG) poly-Si to floating gate extends the upper surface area to double that of the floating gate in comparison with the conventional ones. A high capacitive-coupling ratio of 0.8 and buried n/sup +/ diffusion layers which are self-aligned to the floating gate poly-Si are realized simultaneously with a simple cell structure and fewer process steps.
Contribution of endogenous endothelin to the extension of myocardial infarct size in rats. (1991)

Pathophysiological roles of endogenous endothelin have been studied from the viewpoint of its contribution to the extension of myocardial infarct size. A monoclonal antibody against endothelin 1 (AwETN40) suppressed changes induced by endothelin 1 and endothelin 2 but did not modify those by endothelin 3 in vivo or in vitro. Effects of AwETN40 on myocardial infarct size were investigated. Coronary ligation (1 hour) and reperfusion (24 hours) in rats caused infarction in 35% of the left ventricle. Repetitive or single administration of AwETN40 reduced the infarct size; an intravenous injection of 22.5 mg/kg of the antibody 5 minutes after coronary occlusion or 5 minutes before reperfusion reduced the size by 38% or 31% of the control, respectively. Plasma and tissue endothelin 1 and plasma big endothelin 1 in rats were measured at various stages after occlusion. Plasma endothelin 1 showed a fourfold increase 10 minutes after reperfusion (from 1.02 to 3.96 pg/ml) and had returned to the control value after 8 hours. Plasma big endothelin 1 showed changes similar to those of plasma endothelin 1. No significant changes in plasma endothelin 2 and endothelin 3 were observed. Cardiac tissue contained seven times as much endothelin 1 as the control value 1 hour after reperfusion (4.59 versus 33.1 pg/g tissue), and a high concentration (13.2 pg/g tissue) was maintained even after 48 hours. We concluded that an increase in endogenous endothelin 1 plays an important role in the extension of myocardial infarct size.
Resonant Current Estimation and Phase-Locked Loop Feedback Design for Piezoelectric Transformer-Based Power Supplies (2020)

A control system to achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for an inductorless half-bridge piezoelectric transformer-based resonant power supply is presented. Both the phase and frequency of the resonant current are locked to the switching waveform using an analog phase-locked loop (PLL) to ensure ZVS operation. We present two resonant current estimation circuits, which generate the reference signals for the PLL. We also present three PLL feedback designs to produce the in-phase gate drive signals with adequate deadtime. The operating principle of the control system and its ability to achieve ZVS operation are discussed. Experimental results of the PLL circuit verify the successful operation of the proposed system. The six permutations of current estimation and feedback are contrasted and conclusions for application-specific usage are made.
CD47-Independent Effects Mediated by the TSP-Derived 4N1K Peptide (2014)

4N1K is a peptide fragment derived from the C-terminal, globular domain of thrombospondin which has been shown to mediate integrin-dependent cell adhesion and promote integrin activation acting via the cell-surface receptor, CD47. However, some studies found that 4N1K could act independently of CD47, putting in question the specificity of 4N1K for CD47. This led us to characterize the cellular and non-cellular effects of 4N1K. We found that 4N1K stimulated a potent increase in binding of a variety of non-specific IgG antibodies to cells in suspension. We also found that these same antibodies, as well as CD47-deficient cells, could bind substrate-immobilized 4N1K significantly better than a control peptide, 4NGG. Furthermore, we found that cells treated with 4N1K at higher concentrations inhibited, while lower concentrations promoted cell adhesion to immobilized fibronectin as an integrin substrate. Importantly, both the stimulatory and the inhibitory activity of 4N1K occurred as efficiently in the CD47-deficient JinB8 cells, as it did in the CD47-expressing parental or in JinB8 cells reconstituted with CD47 expression. Given these results, we suggest that 4N1K interacts non-specifically with epitopes commonly found on the cell surface, and conclude that it is not a suitable peptide for use to study the consequences of CD47 receptor ligation.
Rapid and Label-Free Strategy to Isolate Aptamers for Metal Ions (2016)

Generating aptamers that bind to specific metal ions is challenging because existing aptamer discovery methods typically require chemical labels or modifications that can alter the structure and properties of the ions. In this work, we report an aptamer discovery method that enables us to generate high-quality structure-switching aptamers (SSAs) that undergo a conformational change upon binding a metal ion target, without the requirement of labels or chemical modifications. Our method is more efficient than conventional selection methods because it enables direct measurement of target binding via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), isolating only the desired aptamers with the highest affinity. Using this strategy, we obtained a highly specific DNA SSA with ∼30-fold higher affinity than the best aptamer for Hg(2+) in the literature. We also discovered DNA aptamers that bind to Cu(2+) with excellent affinity and specificity. Both aptamers were obtained within four rounds of screening, demonstrating the efficiency of our aptamer discovery method. Given the growing availability of FACS, we believe our method offers a general strategy for discovering high-quality aptamers for other ions and small-molecule targets in an efficient and reproducible manner.
Enhanced Fertility After Diagnostic Hysterosalpingography Using Oil-Based Contrast Agents May Be Attributable to Immunomodulation (2004)

Enhanced Fertility After Diagnostic Hysterosalpingography Using Oil-Based Contrast Agents May Be Attributable to ImmunomodulationAnthony J. Yun1 and Patrick Y. LeeAudio Available | Share
Research issues related to exchanging information from heterogeneous data sources (2006)

This paper highlights a project designed to help FEMA's Region VI address their information needs as well as extend the current technology for integrating heterogeneous databases. The successful completion of this project should lead to new and innovative ways to integrate multiple autonomous data sources. On the experimental side, the project is examining (1) architectural solutions to constructing mediated databases, and (2) new methods for supporting collaborative database activities. More specifically, the project is demonstrating the feasibility of representing the mappings between the virtual global database and the various data sources as XQuery queries [4]. We have chosen to use XQuery because of its efficiencies in processing the data, its ability to describe the data mappings, and its potential for improving standardization. The project's second task will address the collaborative interface problem. We are extending our current interface to support database activities such as viewing reports, sharing information, and editing data.
Development of a Multi-Channel Concentric Tube Robotic System With Active Vision for Transnasal Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Procedures (2016)

Minimally invasive surgery-based nasopharyngeal cancer treatment is promising, but currently, it is not a common treatment choice because of the absence of suitable tools. In this letter, a multi-channel concentric tube robot is proposed for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer based on natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery. The proposed system has three channels, i.e., two manipulation channels and one vision channel, and all the three channels are confined by a 10 mm active sheath. The robot is controlled by human-in-the-loop bimanual teleoperation under active endoscopic guidance. The reduced sheath diameter and the steerable vision channel improve the functionality of the system and distinguish our design from the prior art. The feasibility of the system has been evaluated through a series of simulations and experiments. Results show that the proposed system is capable to conduct cooperative tasks in a confined space and the miniaturized manipulator is suitable for transnasal procedures. Besides, comparisons with other types of flexible surgical robots are discussed to further demonstrate the superiority of the proposed system in the target clinical applications.
<i>n</i>-Pentenyl Glycosides in Organic Chemistry: A Contemporary Example of Serendipity (1992)

Recent work in our laboratory has shown that n-pentenyl glycosides (NPGs) are excellent substrates for a wide variety of reactions occurring at the anomeric center. They are prepared readily by standard glycoside forming procedures, including Fischer's direct method, and although they are stable to a wide range of reagents, they are readily activated by treatment with a halonium ion. Because of their stability and the neutral conditions for their activation, NPGs are promising substrates for a wide variety of mechanistic and synthetic studies. The effect of some of the commonly used protecting groups upon glycoside reactivity has been probed with these substrates, and the "armed/disarmed" strategy for oligosaccharide assembly emanated directly from these investigations. Thus esters disarm electronically, while benzylidene and isopropylidene rings disarm by torsional strain. However further investigations have shown that the use of N-iodosuccinimide-trifluoromethanesulfonates as the iodinating agent induces smooth reactions of the disarmed substrates. As a result, coupling procedures can be regulated either by the strategic deployment of appropriate groups, or by changing the inorganic promoter. A further level of finesse emanates from the development of procedures to convert the pentenyl group into its vicinal dibromide. These derivatives represent "blocked" NPGs since the reverse reaction is readily carried out via reductive elimination. Thus NPG activity can be sidetracked temporarily by conversion to the dibromide. Under appropriate conditions, the reaction of NPGs in acetonitrile generates acetonitrilium ions which can be trapped in situ with carboxylic acid. This has paved the way for a simple entry to glycoproteins. 1. Prologue 2. Introduction 3. Discovery 4. 4-Pentenyloxymethyl Based Protecting Groups 5. n-Pentenyl Glycosides 5.1. Synthetic Routes 6. Oxidative Hydrolysis of NPGs 7. Acetal Exchange of NPGs 8. Armed/Disarmed Coupling 9. Promoters 10. Typical Procedures for Saccharide Couplings 11. Mechanistic Questions Concerning Armed/Disarmed Effects 11.1. Rationalization 11.2. Dependence on Promoters 11.3. Sidetracking 12. NPGs as Synthons for Glycoproteins 13. Promotor-Mediated Assembly of Oligosaccharides 14. Torsion-Mediated Coupling of Saccharides 15. Epilogue
Quick Encoding Compression Algorithm of Octree for Modeling Three Dimensional GIS (2002)

To meet the requirements of the three dimensional(3D) GIS community, it is necessary to study sophisticated data structures, which exerts very important influence on GIS function and efficiency. An efficient and compact raster data structure in GIS called octree is presented. Arbitrary objects can be represented to any specified resolution in a hierarchical 8 ary tree structure or octree. To save memory, E octants are not registered. A linear octree data structure that lists only octree codes of F is used. This paper focuses on discussing the compression technique of linear octree. According to the peculiarity of morton code, Counting sort algorithm occupying linear time is applied to sort code. Sorting time is faster 21 times than quick sort with n =7. An effective way of compacting sorted octants having the same attribute is given, and temporal and spatial analysis is described. Experiments on PC demonstrates that the memory storage for octree code using proposed algorithm is considerably low in comparison to others(octree/raster=4 32% with n =9). The study also indicates that octree is an ideal data structure for representing the sophisticated geographic spatial information. Program 3D Octree has been written to develop, verify and demonstrate the octree encoding algorithms.
Geminin regulates neuronal differentiation by antagonizing Brg1 activity (2005)

Precise control of cell proliferation and differentiation is critical for organogenesis. Geminin (Gem) has been proposed to link cell cycle exit and differentiation as a prodifferentiation factor and plays a role in neural cell fate acquisition. Here, we identified the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling protein Brg1 as an interacting partner of Gem. Brg1 has been implicated in cell cycle withdrawal and cellular differentiation. Surprisingly, we discovered that Gem antagonizes Brg1 activity during neurogenesis to maintain the undifferentiated cell state. Down-regulation of Gem expression normally precedes neuronal differentiation, and gain- and loss-of-function experiments in Xenopus embryos and mouse P19 cells demonstrated that Gem was essential to prevent premature neurogenesis. Misexpression of Gem also suppressed ectopic neurogenesis driven by Ngn and NeuroD. Gem's activity to block differentiation depended upon its ability to bind Brg1 and could be mediated by Gem's inhibition of proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-Brg1 interactions required for bHLH target gene activation. Our data demonstrate a novel mechanism of Gem activity, through regulation of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling proteins, and indicate that Gem is an essential regulator of neurogenesis that can control the timing of neural progenitor differentiation and maintain the undifferentiated cell state.
The Effect of Media Inhomogeneities Upon Intracranial Electrical Fields (1972)

A three-dimensional finite difference computer simulation has been used to model entire intracranial fields from a known dipole generator in both a cat brain and an insulated cube. The model permits pointwise variation of conductivity coincident with intracranial inhomogeneities due to gray and white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, and bone. Adequacy of the model was verified by agreement between the computed results and those obtained in the cube with both homogeneous and inhomogeneous media and in the cat brain along the dipole axis. Variation of brain model parameters showed that neither increasing nor abolishing intracranial inhomogeneities would give differences great enough to be detected experimentally. On the other hand, the position of the boundary could have significant effects on the fields. The model is general enough to be applicable to a variety of multipole generators and generator locations, as well as permitting consideration of the influence of localized inhomogeneities.
Surgical Management of Carcinoid Tumors: Role of Debulking and Surgery for Patients with Advanced Disease (1994)

Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for patients with carcinoid tumors. Patients with localized disease even with lymph node metastases can be resected for potential cure. Patients with distant metastatic disease have been reported to be cured by resection of all tumor. However, long-term follow-up of these individuals suggests that these patients probably will recur. Debulking surgery, that is removal of part but not all disease, has been advocated by some to decrease symptoms secondary to hormone secretion, relieve intestinal obstruction and ischemia, and prolong survival. Certainly, the first and second indications have been demonstrated by retrospective analysis of patient records. The final indication is less substantiated. It is my opinion that surgery to prolong survival will be beneficial if all gross tumor can be removed. Debulking procedures may improve quality but not quantity of life. Because of the potential benefits of surgery in the management of all patients with carcinoid tumors, a surgeon should be part of the team of physicians who manage these complex patients.
Analysis of multiprocessor cache organizations with alternative main memory update policies (1981)

Cache memory has played a significant role in the memory hierarchy and has been used extensively in large systems and minisystems. The effectiveness of cache memories with alternative main memory update policies in a multiprocessor system is a major concern in this paper. The performances of write-through with write-allocation or no-write allocation, buffered write-through, flag-swap, and buffered flag-swap policies have been analyzed. Because of the dominating cost of the interface between processors and main memory modules in the multiprocessor system, the effect of varying the bus width or block size has also been considered. Queuing models were developed to analyze these alternative organizations, and results predicted by the models were validated by a set of simulations.
Dielectric breakdown of ferromagnetic tunnel junctions (1998)

The time-dependent dielectric breakdown of Co/Al2O3/Co(-Fe) magnetic tunnel junctions is investigated. At voltages larger than 1.2 V, almost immediate breakdown of the junction is observed, leading to a decreased (magneto)resistance. The shorts, which are local hot spots, were visualized by making use of a liquid crystal film on top of the junction. The breakdown voltages of a series of nominally identical tunnel junctions measured in a voltage-ramp experiment are shown to increase with increasing ramp speed. The results are analyzed in the framework of several models for the voltage dependent breakdown probability.
Bioluminescence assay for the highly sensitive detection of botulinum neurotoxin A activity (2013)

This article describes a novel bioluminescence assay for detecting the proteolytic activity of Botulinum NeuroToxins (BoNT) in complex matrices. The assay is capable of detecting traces of BoNT in blood samples as well as in food drinks. The assay was responsive to BoNT/A subtypes 1 to 5, and serotype E3 in buffered solutions. It was responsive to filtered Clostridium botulinum supernatants and BoNT/A1 in complex with neurotoxin associated proteins in bouillon and milk (3.8% fat) down to 400 fM after 4 h RT incubation and in bouillon at concentrations down to 120 fM after 21 h RT incubation. In combination with an immunocapture/enrichment step it could detect BoNT/A1 in citrated plasma at concentrations down to 30 fM (1.2 mouse LD50 per mL). The simplicity of the assay, combined with a demonstrated ability to lyophilize the reagents, demonstrates its usefulness for detection of BoNT in non-specialised analytical laboratories.