gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Framework for a defect reduction program (2002)

A framework for defect reduction is presented which integrates management commitment, a focused organizational structure, state-of-the-art defect detection and analysis tools, and cooperation between the organizations that affect the quality of the material shipped from a wafer fab line. Considerations for organizational design, the role of the defect reduction engineer, and the defect reduction strategy are presented along with specific defect density, and yield improvement examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
STABILIZATION OF He–Cd LASER (1970)

A helium-cadmium laser using cathaphoretic transport and a diffusion return path is described. It is shown that there exists a critical temperature range for the condenser where the excessive radiation noise of He–Cd lasers is effectively reduced.
CHARACTERIZATION AND SINTERING BEHAVIOR OF BARIUM AND STRONTIUM FERRITES (1972)

BaO is essentially insoluble in Ba06Fe203 and the nominal compositions Ba05.5Fe 2 0 3 and Sr0.-5.5Fe 2 0 3 employed commercially consist of the 1:6 phase and one and two minor phases, respectively.Compacts formed by mechanical pressure filtration in a magnetic field are characterized by oriented aggregates of platy particles with planar faces and planar and curved edges The preferred growth of faces and especially larger faces with curved edges leads to fewer edge-face-edge contacts and a greater degree of collective orientation.The great anisotropy of the firing shrinkage can be explained using a model of diffUsion of vacancies from pores to face boundaries.
Kinetics of the Extraction of Succinic Acid with Tri‐<i>n</i>‐octylamine in 1‐Octanol Solution (2005)

Kinetic studies for the extraction of succinic acid from aqueous solution with 1-octanol solutions of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) were carried out using a stirred cell with a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The interfacial concentrations of species were correlated and thus the intrinsic kinetics was obtained. The overall extraction process was controlled by the chemical reaction at or near the interface between the aqueous and organic phases. The formation reaction of succinic acid-TOA complex was found to be first order with respect to the concentration of succinic acid in the aqueous phase and the order of 0.5 with respect to that of TOA in the organic phase with a rate constant of (3.14 +/- 0.6) x 10(-8) m(2.5) x mol(-0.5) x s(-1). The dissociation reaction of succinic acid-TOA complex was found to be the second-order with respect to that of succinic acid-TOA complex in the organic phase and the order of -2 with respect to that of TOA in the organic phase with a rate constant of (1.44 +/- 1.4) x 10(-4) mol x m(-2) x s(-1).
Complexation and Interchromophoric Interactions in Self-Organized Porphyrin and Chlorin Triads (1996)

Spectral properties and equilibrium constants of multimolecular complexes (triads) formed by 2-fold coordination of dipyridyl-substituted free bases of porphyrin, chlorin, or tetrahydroporphyrin with Zn−porphyrin and Zn−chlorin dimers bridged by either of two different spacers between the monomeric entities have been studied in methylcyclohexane at room temperature. The ability of the dimers bridged by a −CH2−CH2− spacer to form complexes with the free bases is found to be much lower than that for the dimers with a phenyl spacer having complexation constants up to KC = 5 × 107 M-1. The complexation equilibrium is also affected strongly by the chemical nature of the free base and the position of the pyridyl substituents. Spectral effects occurring upon complexation in absorption spectra of the dimers are mainly due to ligation effects. Strong quenching of the dimer fluorescence in the complexes is attributed to effective singlet−singlet energy transfer (ET) to the ligands.
CD133/CD140a-Based Isolation of Distinct Human Multipotent Neural Progenitor Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (2013)

The mechanisms underlying the specification of oligodendrocyte fate from multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in developing human brain are unknown. In this study, we sought to identify antigens sufficient to distinguish NPCs free from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). We investigated the potential overlap of NPC and OPC antigens using multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for CD133/PROM1, A2B5, and CD140a/PDGFαR antigens. Surprisingly, we found that CD133, but not A2B5, was capable of enriching for OLIG2 expression, Sox10 enhancer activity, and oligodendrocyte potential. As a subpopulation of CD133-positive cells expressed CD140a, we asked whether CD133 enriched bone fide NPCs regardless of CD140a expression. We found that CD133(+)CD140a(-) cells were highly enriched for neurosphere initiating cells and were multipotent. Importantly, when analyzed immediately following isolation, CD133(+)CD140a(-) NPCs lacked the capacity to generate oligodendrocytes. In contrast, CD133(+)CD140a(+) cells were OLIG2-expressing OPCs capable of oligodendrocyte differentiation, but formed neurospheres with lower efficiency and were largely restricted to glial fate. Gene expression analysis further confirmed the stem cell nature of CD133(+)CD140a(-) cells. As human CD133(+) cells comprised both NPCs and OPCs, CD133 expression alone cannot be considered a specific marker of the stem cell phenotype, but rather comprises a heterogeneous mix of glial restricted as well as multipotent neural precursors. In contrast, CD133/CD140a-based FACS permits the separation of defined progenitor populations and the study of neural stem and oligodendrocyte fate specification in the human brain.
Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition Si-rich silicon oxynitride films for advanced self-aligned contact oxide etching in sub-0.25 μm ultralarge scale integration technology and beyond (2000)

We intentionally introduced excessive Si during the SiOxNy film deposition in order to increase the etch selectivity-to-SiOxNy for advanced self-aligned contact (SAC) etching in sub-0.25 μm ultralarge scale integration devices. The SiOxNy layer was deposited at a conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition chamber by using a mixture of SiH4, NH3, N2O, and He. The gas mixing ratio was optimized to get the best etch selectivity and low leakage current. The best result was obtained at 10% Si–SiOxNy. In order to employ SiOxNy film as an insulator as well as a SAC barrier, the leakage current of SiOxNy film was evaluated so that SiOxNy may have the low leakage current characteristics. The leakage current of 10% Si–SiOxNy film was 7×10−9 A/cm2. Besides, the Si-rich SiOxNy layer excellently played the roles of antireflection coating for word line and bit line photoresist patterning and sidewall spacer to build a metal–oxide–semiconductor transistor as well as a SAC oxide etch barrier. The contact oxide etching with the Si-rich SiOxNy film was done using C4F8/CH2F2/Ar in a dipole ring magnet plasma. As the C4F8 flow rate increases, the oxide etching selectivity-to-SiOxNy increases but etch stop tends to happen. Our optimized contact oxide etch process showed the high selectivity to SiOxNy larger than 25 and a wide process window (⩾5 sccm) for the C4F8 flow rate. When the Si-rich SiOxNy SAC process was applied to a gigabit dynamic random access memory of cell array, there was no electrical short failure between conductive layers.
Group 10 and 11 Metal Boratranes (Ni, Pd, Pt, CuCl, AgCl, AuCl, and Au<sup>+</sup>) Derived from a Triphosphine−Borane (2008)

The ambiphilic triphosphine-borane ligand 1 {TPB = [o-iPr2P-(C6H4)3B} readily coordinates to all group 10 and 11 metals to afford a complete series of metal boratranes (TPB)[M] 2-8 (2: M = Ni, 3: M = Pd, 4: M = Pt, 5: M = CuCl, 6: M = AgCl, 7: M = AuCl, 8: M = Au+). Spectroscopic and structural characterization unambiguously establishes the presence of M-B interactions in all of these complexes. The first evidence for borane coordination to copper and silver is provided, and the Au-->B interaction is shown to persist upon chloride abstraction. Experimental and theoretical considerations indicate that the M-->B interaction is strongest in the Pt and Au complexes. The influence of the oxidation state and charge of the metal is substantiated, and the consequences of relativistic effects are discussed. The coordination of the sigma-acceptor borane ligand is found to induce a significant bathochromic shift of the UV-vis spectra, the Ni, Pd, and Pt complex presenting strong absorptions in the visible range. In addition, all of the group 10 and 11 metal boratranes adopt C3 symmetry both in the solid state and in solution. The central M-->B interaction is found to moderately influence the degree of helicity and configurational stability of these three-bladed propellers, and DFT calculations support a dissociative pathway for the inversion process.
Understanding Digital Subscriber Line Technology (1998)

1. DSL Fundamentals. Alternatives to DSLs: Fiber, Wireless, and Coax. Worldwide Extent. Voice-Band Modems and DSLs. Transmission Modes. DSL Terminology. Rate Versus Reach. Crosstalk. Enabling and Disabling Forces. Applications. Evolution of Digital Transmission. 2. Types of DSLs. DSL Design Margin. DSL Precursors. Basic Rate ISDN. HDSL. ADSL. VDSL. 3. Twisted-Pair Transmission. Twisted-Wire-Pair Origins. Telephone Network and Loop Plant Characteristics. Line Powering. Sealing Current. Transmission Line Characterization. Noises. Spectral Compatibility. More Two-Port Networks. Three-Port Networks for DSLs. References. 4. Comparison with Other Media. Fiber-to-the-Home. Coax and Hybrid Fiber Coax. Wireless Alternatives. Satellite Services. References. 5. Transmission Duplexing Methods. Four-Wire Duplexing. Echo Cancellation. Time-Division Duplexing. Frequency-Division Multiplexing. References. 6. Basic Digital Transmission Methods. Basic Modulation and Demodulation. Baseband Codes. Passband Codes. References. 7. Loop Impairments, Solutions, and DMT. Intersymbol Interference. Multichannel Line Codes. Trellis Coding. Error Control. References. 8. Initialization, Timing and Performance. Initialization Methods. Adaptation of Receiver and Transmitter. Measurement of Performance. Timing Recovery Methods. References. 9. Operations, Administration Maintenance, and Provisioning. OAM&P Features. Loop Qualification. 10. DSL in the Context of the ISO Reference Model. The ISO Model. Theory and Reality. The Internet Protocol Suite. ATM in the Seven-Layer Model. 11. ADSL: The Bit Pump. ADSL System Reference Model. ATU-C Reference Model. ATU-R Reference Model. Specific Configurations to Support ATM. Framing. Operations and Maintenance. Initialization. Reference. 12. ATM Transmission Convergence on ADSL. Functions of ATM Transmission Convergence. Transmission Convergence in an ADSL Environment. Reference. 13. Frame-Based Protocols over ADSL. PPP over a Frame-Based ADSL. FUNI over ADSL. Reference. 14. ADSL in the Context of End-to-End Systems. An Overview of a Generic DSL Architecture. Potential ADSL Services and the Service Requirements. Specific Architectures for Deploying ADSL in Different Business Models. Several ADSL Architectures. References. 15. Network Architecture and Regulation. Private Line. Circuit Switched. Packet Switched. ATM. Remote Terminal. Competitive Data Access Alternatives. Regulation. 16. Standards. ITU. Committee T1. ETSI. ADSL Forum. ATM Forum. DAVIC. IETF. EIA/TIA. IEEE. The Value of Standards and Participation in Their Development. Standards Process. Appendix A: Glossary. Appendix B: Selected Standards and Specifications. Appendix C: Selected T1E1.4 Contributions and ADSL Forum Technical Reports (found on website). Index.
Analysis and application performance simulation of subband adaptive filtering structures (2006)

Subband adaptive filtering reduces computational complexity and improves convergence performance. Here three kinds of subband adaptive filters (SAF) are investigated. The basic structure is simply composed of subbands decomposition and adaptive filters with low computation power. Based on the basic one, the second structure added by cross-filters is to eliminate subbands aliasing. The last one is an efficient method using polyphase decomposition and identities equations. Moreover, we analyse their advantages and defects on the computation complexity on echo cancelling and convergence performance on system identifying in virtue of MATLAB. The computer simulation results illustrate that compared to the fullband filter, SAF requires less computation power and possesses better convergence performance
Stability of an Electrified Liquid Jet (1967)

A capillary wave of the appropriate wavelength will cause a jet to break up into a stream of uniform-sized droplets. In this paper, a theoretical expression for droplet size, radius, and spacing in terms of the jet parameters and applied frequency is derived and verified experimentally. For a given jet radius and velocity, the droplet size can be varied from its minimum value, rmin, to approximately 1.6rmin by varying the driving frequency. Also, a theoretical expression for the charge on droplets resulting from the disintegration of a charged jet is shown to agree with the measured value of droplet charge.
BIOCONVERSION OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SLUDGE BY IMMOBILIZED MIXED CULTURE OF<i>Penicillum corylophilum</i>WWZA1003 AND<i>Aspergillus niger</i>SCahmA103 (2002)

The bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge by immobilized mixed culture of filamentous fungi was investigated in a laboratory. The potential mixed culture of Penicillium corylophilum WWZA1003 and Aspergillus niger SCahmA103 was isolated from its local habitats (wastewater and sludge cake) and optimized on the basis of biodegradability and dewaterability of treated sludge. The observed results in this study showed that the sludge treatment was highly influenced by the effect of immobilized mixed fungi using liquid state bioconversion (LSB) process. The maximum production of dry filter cake (DFC) was enriched with fungal biomass to about 20.05 g/kg containing 23.47 g/kg of soluble protein after 4 days of fungal treatment. The reduction of COD, TSS, turbidity (optical density against distilled water, 660 nm), reducing sugar and protein in supernatant and filtration rate of treated sludge were influenced by the fungal mixed culture as compared to control (uninnoculated). After these processes, 99.4% of TSS, 98.05% of turbidity, 76.2% of soluble protein, 98% of reducing sugar and 92.4% of COD in supernatant of treated sludge were removed. Filtration time was decreased tremendously by the microbial treatment after 2 days of incubation. The effect of fungal strain on pH was also studied and presented. Effective bioconversion was observed after 4 days of fungal treatment.
In-Process and On-Machine Measurement of Machining Accuracy for Process and Product Quality Management: A Review (2014)

In-process and on-machine measurements are used to evaluate a variety of machining factors and conditions as well as the work done on the machine tool. With the increasing complexity of machining processes and greater requirements for accuracy and precision, the demand for advanced methods for process optimization has also increased. To meet this demand, process quality management (QM) requires an expansion of manufacturing metrology to include comprehensive closed-loop control of the machining process. To eliminate the effects of disturbances on the machining process and adjust the control quantities to optimal values for robustness, in-process and on-machine measurements are very essential. In this paper, we review technical trends in in-process and on-machine measurements for process QM and conventional quality control (QC) of products. Spreading measurement targets and applications are comprehensively reviewed.
The webinos project (2012)

This poster paper describes the webinos project and presents the architecture and security features developed in webinos. It highlights the main objectives and concepts of the project and describes the architecture derived to achive the objectives.
Reusable cryptographic VLSI core based on the SAFER K-128 algorithm with 251.8 Mbit/s throughput (2002)

A VLSI implementation of the symmetric block cipher SAFER K-128 (Secure And Fast Encryption Routine with a Key length of 128 bits) is presented. Possibilities for optimization of the VLSI architecture are explained. The optimizations are based on algorithm-specific properties and lead to considerable hardware reduction. The result is a reusable cryptographic VLSI core that allows a data throughput of 251.8 Mbit/s at a clock frequency of 40 MHz in a 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Therefore, the circuit is usable in integrated systems for high-speed data encryption.
Probability and Statistics. (1978)

Statistics and probability both fall within the broader scope of the theory of random phenomena. The first deals with providing probability distributions adaptable to the various real random phenomena, and the second deals very often with a random sample to describe its properties or infer to the underlying probabilistic model and the estimation of its parameters. The chapter tries to show this connection by reporting examples that are more or less known but that are characterized by being unconventional. Other objects could have been taken into consideration but those chosen are characterized by a closer link with the calculation of probabilities.
Electro-Hydraulic Draft Control (EDC) System Description for a Variety of Tractors (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A controller for a three point hitch is described. It includes five separate states which govern the operation and performance of the hitch. The control objective in each state is explained in detail. The actual transitions between the states, which are controlled based on external events, are given via a transition table and some examples. Such transitions are triggered by both; the operator and, in certain circumstances, by the conditions of the soil, tractor speed, etc. The controller is designed to allow adapting it to various tractors under different types of loading conditions, hydraulic cylinder volumes, and options available on the tractor.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Controller operation is also adjusted based on battery voltage as well as the electro-hydraulic valve coil resistance. Failures, which are being continuously searched for, are divided into four categories which manipulate and modify the performance of the hitch.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Finally, the draft state is explained in detail and examples of hitch operations with different implements are described. Field results are mapped and analyzed in the position/load domain.</div>
Molecular Structure of Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitric Acid by Electron Diffraction (1940)

New electron diffraction photographs have been taken of NO2 extending the region previously investigated to include larger angles of scattering. An interference ring was found at (1/λ) sin ½θ = 0.49 followed by another ring appearing at 0.94 as determined by visual measurements. The outer portion of the pattern consists of two rather broad rings and two well-defined minima. Theoretical intensities of scattering were computed for various nitrogen valence angles, assuming the positions of the two oxygens to be equivalent. The best fit, and probably the correct structure, gives the angle O–N–O = 130±2° with the N–O distance 1.21±.02A. Photographs were obtained from pure nitric acid vapor at 70°—85°C. The interference maxima were measured visually as far out as the eighth maximum at (1/λ) sin ½θ = 1.83; a prominent minimum was seen at 1.54. Theoretical intensities were computed for various likely models, disregarding the scattering by the hydrogen atom. Good agreement was obtained for a planar model having an NO2 group with the same structure found for nitrogen dioxide. The third oxygen atom O′ is located at a distance of 1.41±0.02A from the nitrogen atom and equidistant from the other oxygen atoms. A model having the nitrogen atom slightly out of the plane containing the oxygen atoms also gave good agreement with the experimental results. This model however is considered less probable in view of Raman spectra data which apparently require a planar structure for O′–NO2.
Interatomic potentials for Cd, Zn, and Hg from absorption spectra (1984)

The absorption coefficient has been measured over a 65 nm range in the red wing of the 213.8 nm line for Zn vapor at 1000 °C. It has also been measured in the blue wing and over a 60 nm range in the red wing of the 228.7 nm line for Cd vapor at five temperatures between 642 and 955 °C and over a 75 nm range in the red wing of the 253.7 nm line for Hg vapor at five temperatures between 460 and 860 °C. These data are analyzed in terms of the statistical theory of broadening. Oscillator strengths of 1.42±0.01 and 1.61±0.06 are obtained for, respectively, the Cd line and the Zn line. Pair potentials for both the ground and lowest excited state are also obtained in all three cases. For Cd this is done assuming no functional form and then assuming Lennard-Jones potentials. Both methods agree and give a ground state minimum of −47.5 meV at 0.482 nm separation and an excited state minimum of −1.06 eV at 0.410 nm. A functional form is required for the less extensive Zn data and the Lennard-Jones form leads to a range of possibilities including ground and excited state minima of −56 meV at 0.400 nm and −1.30 eV at 0.330 nm, respectively, which are in fair agreement with the theoretical calculations. For Hg the experiments indicate a single excited state and a ground state with a minimum of −55 meV. Assuming no functional form for the pair potentials, taking the excited state as doubly degenerate, and assuming the transition probability from the ground to excited state is one-sixth of the free atom value gives points along the ground and excited state potentials that join smoothly with other experimental results and agree well with the calculation of Baylis for the ground state.
A model for multilevel security in computer networks (2003)

A model which precisely describes the mechanism that enforces the security policy and requirements for a multilevel secure network is described. This mechanism attempts to ensure secure flow of information between entities assigned to different security classes in different computer systems connected to the network. The mechanism also controls the access to the network devices by the subjects (users and processes executed on behalf of the users) with different security clearances. The model integrates the notions of access control and information flow control to provide a trusted network base that imposes appropriate restrictions on the flow of information among the various devices. Utilizing simple set-theoretic concepts, a procedure is given to verify the security of a network that implements the present model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cost-aware compressive sensing for networked sensing systems (2015)

Compressive Sensing is a technique that can help reduce the sampling rate of sensing tasks. In mobile crowdsensing applications or wireless sensor networks, the resource burden of collecting samples is often a major concern. Therefore, compressive sensing is a promising approach in such scenarios. An implicit assumption underlying compressive sensing -- both in theory and its applications -- is that every sample has the same cost: its goal is to simply reduce the number of samples while achieving a good recovery accuracy. In many networked sensing systems, however, the cost of obtaining a specific sample may depend highly on the location, time, condition of the device, and many other factors of the sample.