gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia: XL. The Ph1 and other translocations in CML (1980)

To date, 85 cases with unusual Ph1 translocations have been described and are summarized in the present work. Of the 85 translocations, 41 were simple and 44 complex. Only chromosomes #1, #4, #8, and #20 and the Y have not been found to be involved in simple translocations and #12, #16, #18, #20 and the Y in complex ones. Chromosomes #18, #20, and Y have not been involved to date in either complex or simple Ph1 translocations. Four cases have been reported in whom more tan three chromosomes were involved in the Ph1 translocation and only four cases in whom the #9 was not involved in complex Ph1 translocations. The chromosomal changes, in addition to the Ph1, accompanying unusual Ph1 translocations in CML are not different from those seen in cases with the standard type of Ph1 translocation. Translocations (other than the Ph1) in CML occur in less than 1% of the cases and, to date, have found to involve all the chromosomes except the X and Y. With rare exceptions, in complex Ph1 translocations 1) the distal end of #22 is translocated to a third chromosome (i.e., other than #9), a part of which is translocated to #9, #2) the breaks in the involved chromosomes probably occur concomitantly, and 3) a characteristic PH1 chromosome is present. The survival of patients with CML and unusual or complex Ph1 translocations does not differ significantly from that of patients with the standard Ph1-translocation.
Industrialization in sub-Saharan Africa : strategies and performance (1984)

The paper analyzes industrialization experience in sub - Saharan Africa in the last three decades. Focusing on ten key countries, it draws conclusions about the impact of the initial conditions, the external environment, strategies and policies on past industrial development and identifies critical issues for future industrial policy. The analysis centers around three major themes. First, the inward-looking strategy of industrialization, as it was implemented in most African countries, generally increased dependence on imports and was not supported by policies to promote a growing surplus of domestic inputs. Second, vigorous public sector investment or take-over has been widely used to expand basic industries and reduce foreign domination, but pursuit of multiple objectives and over-extension have resulted in disappointing public sector financial performance and efficiency. The third theme concerns the incentive structure created by price, trade, investment and other policies. The paper highlights the critical issues for self-sustained, efficient industrialization. Key strategic questions are the appropriate balance between agriculture and industry and between large- and small-scale sectors, and the appropriate public sector role and intervention points.
What Clinical Alternatives to Whole Liver Transplantation? Current Status of Artificial Devices and Hepatocyte Transplantation (2009)

Shortage of organ donors limits the number of possible liver transplantations. Alternative therapies for treatment of liver failure are currently being developed: (i) extracorporeal artificial liver devices; (ii) bioartificial liver devices using hepatocytes; and (iii) hepatocyte transplantation. The objective of these strategies is to bridge patients with liver failure until a suitable liver allograft is obtained for transplantation or the patient's own liver regenerates sufficiently to resume normal function. In this review, we discuss these strategies and summarize the current status of clinical experience.
Electrical characterization of 3D Through-Silicon-Vias (2010)

A detailed study of Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV) electrical properties is presented. A basic test structure is a dual-TSV made of tungsten TSVs based on hybrid copper-adhesive wafer bonding. Three measurement techniques are utilized: low frequency TSV capacitance characterization using an LCR meter; inductance extraction from the reflection coefficient of TSV chains; TSV frequency dependent capacitance using transmission line characterization method. Experimental results are in agreement with simulation data for each of the techniques. Furthermore, eye diagram and RLC evaluation show the utility of the dual-TSV for highperformance 3DI system applications.
Second symbiotic megaplasmid in Rhizobium meliloti carrying exopolysaccharide and thiamine synthesis genes (1986)

Using physical and genetic data, we have demonstrated that Rhizobium meliloti SU47 has a symbiotic megaplasmid, pRmeSU47b, in addition to the previously described nod-nif megaplasmid pRmeSU47a. This plasmid includes four loci involved in exopolysaccharide (exo) synthesis as well as two loci involved in thiamine biosynthesis. Mutations at the exo loci have previously been shown to result in the formation of nodules which lack infection threads (Inf-) and fail to fix nitrogen (Fix-). Thus, both megaplasmids contain genes involved in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Mutations at two other exo loci were not located on either megaplasmid. To mobilize the megaplasmids, the oriT of plasmid RK2 was inserted into them. On alfalfa, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing pRmeSU47a induced marked root hair curling with no infection threads and Fix- nodules, as reported by others. This plant phenotype was not observed to change with A. tumefaciens strains containing both pRmeSU47a and pRmeSU47b megaplasmids, and strains containing pRmeSU47b alone failed to curl root hairs or form nodules.
BRCA1 Phosphorylation by Aurora-A in the Regulation of G2 to M Transition (2004)

Aurora-A/BTAK/STK15 localizes to the centrosome in the G(2)-M phase, and its kinase activity regulates the G(2) to M transition of the cell cycle. Previous studies have shown that the BRCA1 breast cancer tumor suppressor also localizes to the centrosome and that BRCA1 inactivation results in loss of the G(2)-M checkpoint. We demonstrate here that Aurora-A physically binds to and phosphorylates BRCA1. Biochemical analysis showed that BRCA1 amino acids 1314-1863 binds to Aurora-A. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that Ser(308) of BRCA1 is phosphorylated by Aurora-A in vitro. Anti-phospho-specific antibodies against Ser(308) of BRCA1 demonstrated that Ser(308) is phosphorylated in vivo. Phosphorylation of Ser(308) increased in the early M phase when Aurora-A activity also increases; these effects could be abolished by ionizing radiation. Consistent with these observations, acute loss of Aurora-A by small interfering RNA resulted in reduced phosphorylation of BRCA1 Ser(308), and transient infection of adenovirus Aurora-A increased Ser(308) phosphorylation. Mutation of a single phosphorylation site of BRCA1 (S308N), when expressed in BRCA1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts, decreased the number of cells in the M phase to a degree similar to that with wild type BRCA1-mediated G(2) arrest induced by DNA damage. We propose that BRCA1 phosphorylation by Aurora-A plays a role in G(2) to M transition of cell cycle.
Adsorption/Migration of a Perfluorohexylated Fullerene from the Bulk to the Polymer/Air Interface (1999)

Adsorption/migration of a perfluorohexylated-C60 (C60(C6F13)5) from the bulk of a polymer matrix (polystyrene) to the polymer/air interface is reported here as a tool for surface modification as well as the demonstration of a method to increase the efficiency of polymer additives. Surface activity of C60(C6F13)5 was evaluated as a function of bulk concentration, annealing temperature, and annealing time. C60(C6F13)5 is extremely surface-active in the polystyrene matrix, occupies ∼90% of the outermost ∼40 Å (XPS sampling depth), and renders a surface that is similar in wettability to a monolayer containing CF3 groups (hexadecane contact angle data). Surface reconstruction studies were carried out by either spin-casting or the transfer of a free-standing (solid) polystyrene film onto the composite materials (the surface-active agent and polystyrene) and subsequent thermal annealing. Both approaches show similar results: migration of perfluorohexylated-C60 from the bulk to the surface is driven by surface free energy minimization and is a function of annealing temperature, annealing time, and molecular weight of the polymer matrix. Peel tests indicate that the composite materials have good mechanical integrity.
VINCI: Secure test of a VLSI high-speed encryption system (2002)

Designers of VLSI circuits for cryptographic applications are faced with a severe dilemma: Concerns of security, requiring encapsulation of cryptographic applications, and testability, requiring access to all hardware subunits to check for their correct functionality, are basically contradictory. A further security requirement is the immediate detection of failure inside the encryption component. In this paper, an approach based on a compound system test strategy is introduced that reconciles the demands of security and testability. This system test strategy based upon built-in self-test on all levels of implementation allows off-line and concurrent checking without opening access to sensitive regions via test structures. The realization of the system test scheme is a new VLSI cipher implementation, VINCI, that fulfills all security demands for immediate failure detection and supports higher level system test strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microcavity two-unit tandem organic light-emitting devices having a high efficiency (2006)

In pursuit of further enhancement in luminance and efficiency of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), it is worth exploring what benefits could be obtained by combining two luminance-enhancement techniques, i.e., microcavity and tandem OLEDs. In this letter, we have investigated theoretically and experimentally the characteristics of noncavity and microcavity tandem OLEDs. Results show that with well designed microcavity and device structures (i.e., consistent with resonant and antinode conditions), a fivefold enhancement in luminance can be achieved with cavity tandem devices having only two emitting units. A very high efficiency of 200cd∕A has been demonstrated with a phosphorescent cavity two-unit device.
Behavioural recovery following treatments for varicose veins: developing a measure of outcome and process (2013)

The endpoints of recovery are frequently reported, but the process of recovery has received less attention. To investigate the process of recovery in the CLASS trial (Comparison of Laser, Surgery and foam Sclerotherapy) comparing treatments for varicose veins, we developed an instrument to assess patient-valued outcomes such as return to normal activities to identify potential modifiers of the effect of treatment.

To develop this instrument, we interviewed 17 patients who been treated for varicose veins (laser, surgery or foam sclerotherapy) 6-12 weeks previously. We used a topic guide to elicit personally significant behavioural milestones (eg driving, going out socially). All participants gave informed consent. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis involved highlighting each utterance that referred to a specific behaviour, developing labels to describe behaviours (eg bending the legs) and quantifying the number of times a particular behaviour was mentioned. In a Discriminant Content Validation exercise based on the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), behaviours were independently coded as Activity, participation, or both. The behaviours identified were used to generate questionnaire items.

Response scales were designed to assess both the relevance of each behaviour and how soon, after treatment, it was first performed. Preliminary versions of the questionnaire were piloted. Wording and formatting were refined in response to this testing.

The questionnaire has since been used to assess behavioural recovery in the CLASS trial and preliminary results will be presented. These methods could be used to develop other treatment-specific behavioural recovery questionnaires.
A modified method of simultaneous bone grafting and placement of endosseous implants in the severely atrophic maxilla. (1996)

The purpose of this investigation was to clinically evaluate the modified method for surgical rehabilitation of severely atrophied maxillae with titanium implants. In 35 patients, sinus lift, Le Fort I osteotomy, and a downtilting of the maxilla were performed. Bone grafts from the iliac crest, placed between the sinus mucosa and the sinus floor, were secured with three to four Bränemark titanium implants 10 to 20 mm in length on each side. The osteotomized maxilla was stabilized with miniplates. The observation period was between 1 and 4 years after abutment connection. The rate of successful osseointegration was 86.6%.
Influence of head models on EEG simulations and inverse source localizations (2006)

These results indicate that the complexity of head models strongly influences the scalp potentials and the inverse source localizations. A more complex head model performs better in inverse source localizations as compared to a model with lesser tissue surfaces. The CSF layer plays an important role in modifying the scalp potentials and also influences the inverse source localizations. In summary, for best results one needs to have highly heterogeneous models of the head for accurate simulations of scalp potentials and for inverse source localizations.
Generation of remote homogeneous magnetic fields (2002)

This paper presents a magnetic efficiency model for comparing efficiencies of various magnets for magnetic resonance imaging. It demonstrates that monohedral magnets, magnets with sources on one side, can generate remote saddle points in the field profile relatively efficiently. These magnets may be modeled by a minimum of two magnetic dipoles. The paper examines the field profile and magnetic dipole efficiency for the two-dipole model in detail, and develops some fundamental properties of homogeneous magnetic fields.
[Study of using shattering extraction with solvent to extract ingredient of three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine]. (2008)

The shattering extraction with solvent is a high efficiency, simple and quick extraction. It may be used to extract the ingredient of three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine.
Electrospinning of antibacterial poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibrous mats containing silver nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning. The diameter of the nanofibers ranged between 100 and 300 nm, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The silver nanoparticles were dispersed, but some aggregation was observed with transmission electron microscopy. The content of silver nanoparticles incorporated into the PVDF nanofibrous mats was determined by inductively coupled plasma and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of the samples were evaluated with the colony‐counting method against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram‐negative) bacteria. The results indicate that the PVDF nanofibrous mats containing silver nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity compared to the PVDF nanofiber control. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Putting laboratory education and experience to work. (2003)

Whether you are expanding your job role, mentoring your staff, or addressing students at a middle school career fair, this peer review of skills and job titles will reinforce that laboratory education and experience are valuable in the workforce of today and tomorrow.
Fabrication of Flexible Transducer Arrays With Through-Wafer Electrical Interconnects Based on Trench Refilling With PDMS (2008)

Flexible transducer arrays are desired to wrap around catheter tips for side-looking intravascular ultrasound imaging. We present a technique for constructing flexible capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays by forming polymer-filled deep trenches in a silicon substrate. First, we etch deep trenches between the bottom electrodes of CMUT elements on a prime silicon wafer using deep reactive ion etching. Second, we fusion-bond a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer to the prime silicon wafer. Once the silicon handle and buried oxide layers are removed from the back side of the SOI wafer, the remaining thin silicon device layer acts as a movable membrane and top electrode. Third, we fill the deep trenches with polydimethylsiloxane, and thin the wafer down from the back side. The 16 by 16 flexible 2-D arrays presented in this paper have a trench width that varies between 6 and 20 ; the trench depth is 150 ; the membrane thickness is 1.83 ; and the final substrate thickness is 150 . We demonstrate the flexibility of the substrate by wrapping it around a needle tip with a radius of 450 (less than catheter size of 3 French). Measurements in air validate the functionality of the arrays. The 250- by 250- transducer elements have a capacitance of 2.29 to 2.67 pF, and a resonant frequency of 5.0 to 4.3 MHz, for dc bias voltages ranging from 70 to 100 V.
Optical Cell for Pressurized Solids and Liquids at Cryogenic Temperatures (1963)

An apparatus designed to measure the refractive indices of the inert gases over the temperature range 77 to 273°K and at pressures up to 100 atm is described. Techniques are given for calibration of the optical cell and the production of a suitable solid specimen. The accuracy of the method is discussed and it is shown how polarizability and compressibility may be deduced from the refractive index data.
Intelligent control of thermal comfort in automobile (2008)

Saving consumable energy and maintaining the thermal comfort level are two main topics in heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) control field. A controller with temperature feedback can not best achieve these goals. Fangerpsilas ldquopredicted mean voterdquo (PMV) index is commonly used to better describe comfort. Therefore, this paper proposes a simpler form of PMV index for using as fuzzy controller feedback. A fuzzy controller with PMV feedback is first designed for automobile climate control. Next, the membership functions of the fuzzy controller are optimized by genetic algorithm. Finally, robustness analysis is performed to indicate the robustness of optimized controller to variable variation. Results show that the proposed controller not only better controls the thermal comfort but it also reduces energy consumption.
Effects of a pupil filter on stimulated emission depletion microscopy (2006)

Recently, stimulated emission depletion microscopy has achieved high resolution in fluorescent imaging. In this paper, we present effects of a pupil filter on the performances of stimulated emission depletion microscopy. In stimulated emission depletion microscopy, a saturated zero-centered spot is usually used to achieve a high lateral resolution. Using a half-coated phase plate, a zero-centered spot was made with a narrow and steep gap at the center. Numerical and experimental results show that by simply inserting a central obstacle as a pupil filter, it is possible to reduce the central gap of the zero-centered spot. However in order to compensate inevitable loss of light, which is blocked by the obstacle, increased laser power is required.
Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment (2019)

Sleep disturbance is the most prominent symptom in depressive patients and was formerly regarded as a main secondary manifestation of depression. However, many longitudinal studies have identified insomnia as an independent risk factor for the development of emerging or recurrent depression among young, middle-aged and older adults. This bidirectional association between sleep disturbance and depression has created a new perspective that sleep problems are no longer an epiphenomenon of depression but a predictive prodromal symptom. In this review, we highlight the treatment of sleep disturbance before, during and after depression, which probably plays an important role in improving outcomes and preventing the recurrence of depression. In clinical practice, pharmacological therapies, including hypnotics and antidepressants, and non-pharmacological therapies are typically applied. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depression can help psychiatrists better manage this comorbidity.
Treatment with Electromagnetic Fields Alters the Clinical Course of Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis-A Case Report (1996)

It is estimated that 10-20% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a chronic progressive (CP) course characterized by an insidious of neurological deficits followed by steady progression of disability in the absence of symptomatic remission. No therapeutic modality has shown specific efficacy in the treatment of patients with CP MS and there are no data to indicate that any pharmacologic or other modality alters the clinical course of CP MS. Treatment with picotesla electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is a highly effective modality for the symptomatic management of MS including the chronic progressive form. In addition, this treatment also appears to alter the natural course of the disease in CP patients. A 36 year-old man experienced, at the age of 31, insidious weakness in the legs and several months later developed difficulties with balance with ataxia of gait. His gait abnormality progressed slowly over the following years and at the age of 35 he was severely disabled with spastic paraparesis and ataxia using a rolling walker for ambulation and a scooter for longer distances. In particular, his disability had progressed rapidly over the six months preceding the initiation of treatment with EMFs. He as classified have CP MS and his prognosis was considered extremely unfavorable due to the degree of cerebellar and pyramidal tract involvement and the rapid course of deterioration. In July 1995 the patient began experimental treatment with EMFs. While receiving three treatment sessions a week over 12 months he experienced improvement in cerebellar functions such as gait, balance and tremor as well as bowel and bladder functions, mood, sleep and cognitive function and resolution of diplopia, blurring of vision, dysarthria, paresthesias in the hands, and fatigue. Most remarkably, there was no further progression of the disease during the course of magnetic therapy. This case illustrated that treatment with EMFs, in addition to producing symptomatic improvement, also reverses the clinical course of CP MS.