gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous Cellulose as Metal Nanoparticles Support (2008)

Despite considerable progress in the field of metal nanoparticles synthesis, major challenges remain in many practical applications of nanoparticles which require their immobilization on solid substrates, presenting additional difficulty in separation and processing. Here, transparent nanoporous cellulose gel obtained from aqueous alkali hydroxide-urea solution was examined as supporting medium for noble metal nanoparticles. Silver, gold, and platinum nanoparticles were synthesized in the gel by hydrothermal reduction by cellulose or by added reductant. Both methods gave nanoparticles embedded with high dispersion in cellulose gels. Supercritical CO2 drying of the metal-carrying gel gave corresponding aerogels with high transmittance, porosity, surface area, moderate thermal stability, and good mechanical strength. The cellulose and metal-cellulose gels were characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, nitrogen physisorption, TGA, and tensile testing, systematically.
Adobe Illustrator Revealed (2005)

Coverage includes- Targets towards beginner-to-intermediate level students and professionals who want to learn how to use the latest version of Illustrator, Adobe's essential design software. Illustrates concepts and skills clearly with a visually-stimulating graphics and a unique tutorial-based pedagogy. Allows readers to build their portfolio with multiple projects throughout the text like creating advertisements, brochures, and flyers. Covers introductory through more advanced features of the latest release of Adobe Illustrator, including how to prepare illustrations for print production. Provides instruction on how to work in the latest release of Illustrator using either Mac or PC platforms.
A Continuously Tunable Hybrid LC-VCO PLL With Mixed-Mode Dual-Path Control and Bi-level $\Delta-\Sigma$ Modulated Coarse Tuning (2011)

This paper presents a dual-path PLL using a hybrid VCO to perform digital based frequency acquisition and analog based bandwidth control. With the mixed-mode dual-path control, the proposed PLL significantly alleviates noise coupling and area problems in the coarse-tuning path while minimizing open-loop gain variation in the fine-tuning path. In the hybrid VCO design, the nonlinearity issue of the capacitor array is addressed and a 1-bit quantizer (bi-level) Δ-Σ modulator is used to mitigate the problem. A 2 GHz PLL implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS exhibits less than +/- 3.5% bandwidth variation and less than 2 dB in-band noise variation over entire tuning range under nominal condition at room temperature. It also shows that more than 30 dB spur reduction is achieved with the bi-level second-order single-loop Δ-Σ modulator when the worst-case spur performance is compared with a second-order MASH modulator.
Recent Patents on Immobilized Microorganism Technology and Its Engineering Application in Wastewater Treatment (2008)

Compared with suspended microorganism technology, immobilized microorganism technology possesses many advantages, such as high biomass, high metabolic activity, and strong resistance to toxic chemicals, and so on. This review presents the state of the art of various immobilized microorganism methods as well as immobilization microorganism carriers whose engineering applications are mainly focused on bioreactors including fluidized bed reactor (FBR) and packed bed reactor (PBR). This review covers the patents which emphasize the characteristic of the immobilization carriers as well as bioreactors from the year of 2000 up to date. In the last part of the review, the future developing trend in immobilization microorganism technology and the potential engineering applications in wastewater treatment were also proposed tentatively. Keywords: Immsobilization microorganism, carrier, bioreactor, wastewater treatment
Emotional Intelligence: An Untapped Resource for Alcohol and Other Drug Related Prevention among Adolescents and Adults (2012)

Alcohol and Other Drug abuse in adolescents and adults continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. Care in intervention programs aimed at high risk populations identified occurs after the maladaptive behavioral delinquency has occurred, and only then is an individual afforded the opportunity to join an intervention program. The focus of this paper is to illustrate and highlight the value of prevention programs which emphasize altering maladaptive behavior before the behavior becomes problematic. Emotional Intelligence is not only an indicator of alcohol and other drug abuse, but is linked to emotional competence, social and emotional learning, the development of healthy and life promoting behavior, and has been proven to reduce some of the risk factors associated with alcohol and other drug abuse in adolescents and adults. This paper seeks to recognize the significance of Emotional Intelligence as a desirable health promoting attribute and to establish the importance of its conceptual use in a prevention based model for reducing associated high risk behaviors.
Low-Temperature Phase Transformations of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>PbZ</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>in the Morphotropic Phase-Boundary Region (2007)

We present anelastic and dielectric spectroscopy measurements of PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O(3) with 0.455 < or = x < or = 0.53, which provide new information on the low-temperature phase transitions. The tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation is first order for x < 0.48 and causes a softening of the polycrystal Young's modulus whose amplitude may exceed the one at the cubic-to-tetragonal transformation; this is explainable in terms of linear coupling between shear strain components and tilting angle of polarization in the monoclinic phase. The transition involving rotations of the octahedra below 200 K is visible both in the dielectric and anelastic losses, and it extends within the tetragonal phase, as predicted by recent first-principle calculations.
On timing and modality choice with local danger warnings for drivers (2009)

We present an experimental study on the effectiveness of five modality variants (speech, text-only, icon-only, two combinations of text and icons) for presenting local danger warnings for drivers. Hereby, we focus on sudden appearing road obstacles within a maximum up-to-date scenario as it is envisaged in Car2Car communication research. The effectiveness is measured by the minimum time necessary for fully interpreting the content. Results show that text-only requires the most time while icon only is perceived the fastest. The two combined versions lie in between. The minimum length for speech is determined by the duration of the utterance, which is longer than perception time of text-only in this case. However, speech could be decoded reliably by nearly all subjects. Results indicate further that a blinking visual cue provided through the periphery visual channel is able to enhance the saliency of visual modalities. Subjective judgements by the subjects furthermore suggest a combined use of visual and auditory modalities.
Measurement of dielectric permittivity and loss tangent for bulk foam samples with suspended ring resonator method (2006)

The present study discusses a new microstrip-based resonant device that is specifically intended for foam measurements at frequencies 1-10 GHz. It is based on a microstrip ring resonator. However, the ring and the feed network are physically located in separate planes, thus enabling the placement of an arbitrary sample of material to be measured in the substrate of the ring resonator. A transmission line method (TLM) is used to predict the frequency response. Preliminary experimental data in L- and S-bands are presented and compared with theory estimates for the foams
Metabolic Activation of Prasugrel: Nature of the Two Competitive Pathways Resulting in the Opening of Its Thiophene Ring (2012)

The mechanism generally admitted for the bioactivation of the antithrombotic prodrug, prasugrel, 1c, is its two-step enzymatic conversion into a biologically active thiol metabolite. The first step is an esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of its acetate function leading to a thiolactone metabolite 2c. The second step was described as a cytochrome P450 (P450)-dependent oxidative opening of the thiolactone ring of 2c, with intermediate formation of a reactive sulfenic acid metabolite that is eventually reduced to the corresponding active thiol 3c. This article describes a detailed study of the metabolism of 1c by human liver microsomes and human sera, with an analysis by HPLC-MS under conditions allowing a complete separation of the thiol metabolite isomers, after derivatization with 3'-methoxy phenacyl bromide. It shows that there are two competing metabolic pathways for the opening of the 2c thiolactone ring. The major one, which was previously described, results from a P450- and NADPH-dependent redox bioactivation of 2c and leads to 3c, two previously reported thiol diastereomers bearing an exocyclic double bond. It occurs with NADPH-supplemented human liver microsomes but not with human sera. The second one results from a hydrolysis of 2c and leads to an isomer of 3c, 3c endo, in which the double bond has migrated from an exocyclic to an endocyclic position in the piperidine ring. It occurs both with human liver microsomes and human sera, and does not require NADPH. However, it requires Ca(2+) and is inhibited by paraoxon, which suggests that it is catalyzed by a thioesterase such as PON-1. Chemical experiments have confirmed that hydrolytic opening of thiolactone 2c exclusively leads to derivatives of the endo thiol isomer 3c endo.
Biology and clinical utilization of mesenchymal progenitor cells (2000)

Within the complex cellular arrangement found in the bone marrow stroma there exists a subset of nonhematopoietic cells referred to as mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC). These cells can be expanded ex vivo and induced, either in vitro or in vivo, to terminally differentiate into at least seven types of cells: osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tenocytes, myotubes, astrocytes and hematopoietic-supporting stroma. This broad multipotentiality, the feasibility to obtain MPC from bone marrow, cord and peripheral blood and their transplantability support the impact that the use of MPC will have in clinical settings. However, a number of fundamental questions about the cellular and molecular biology of MPC still need to be resolved before these cells can be used for safe and effective cell and gene therapies intended to replace, repair or enhance the physiological function of the mesenchymal and/or hematopoietic systems.
Early postinduction intensification therapy improves survival for children and adolescents with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group (2007)

Longer and more intensive postinduction intensification (PII) improved the outcome of children and adolescents with "higher risk" acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a slow marrow response to induction therapy. In the Children's Cancer Group study (CCG-1961), we tested longer versus more intensive PII, using a 2 x 2 factorial design for children with higher risk ALL and a rapid marrow response to induction therapy. Between November 1996 and May 2002, 2078 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed ALL (1 to 9 years old with white blood count 50 000/mm3 or more, or 10 years of age or older with any white blood count) were enrolled. After induction, 1299 patients with marrow blasts less than or equal to 25% on day 7 of induction (rapid early responders) were randomized to standard or longer duration (n = 651 + 648) and standard or increased intensity (n = 649 + 650) PII. Stronger intensity PII improved event-free survival (81% vs 72%, P < .001) and survival (89% vs 83%, P = .003) at 5 years. Differences were most apparent after 2 years from diagnosis. Longer duration PII provided no benefit. Stronger intensity but not prolonged duration PII improved outcome for patients with higher-risk ALL. This study is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00002812.
BSML: an application of XML to enhance boundary scan test data transportability (2002)

The IEEE 1149.1 standard has successfully defined the rules of boundary scan design implementation. This has served as the catalyst for commercial companies to develop boundary scan test generation tools. Except for Serial Vector Format (SVF), an industry standard practice for expressing test vectors, each commercial offering uses proprietary formats for the data that is used to debug and diagnosis failures that are detected during test execution. This data tends to be in a form that is compatible only with a specific target test system. The introduction of XML (Extensible Markup Language) offers a solution for boundary scan test data that not only standardizes the expression of key information, but also enables this information to be retargeted easily through the use of XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) style sheets. The objective of this paper is to show how XML can be applied to boundary scan test data as a way to enable this data to be transported to applications and test systems that utilize this information.
Digital iontophoresis of vasoactive substances as measured by laser Doppler imaging—a non-invasive technique by which to measure microvascular dysfunction in Raynaud's phenomenon (2004)

Both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation are impaired in patients with LCSSc. Vasodilatory responses in patients with PRP are similar to those in controls. If reproducibility is confirmed to be satisfactory, then these techniques could be used to examine disease progression over time and responsiveness to vasoactive treatment, thus facilitating clinical trials.
Low-pressure dielectric barrier discharges in argon : experimental investigations and modelling (2005)

The discharge behaviour of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in low-pressure argon gas was investigated. Measurements of the electrical characteristics and light emission dynamics were compared to the results of a two-dimensional fluid model. Our investigations showed that the breakdown phase of our DBD was very similar to the ignition phase of a low-pressure glow discharge without dielectrics, described by Townsend theory. The effect of the dielectric material was limited to the decay phase of the discharge, where charging of the dielectrics quenched the discharge. Additionally, the argon metastable density could be monitored by measuring light emission from nitrogen impurities. A metastable density of about 5x1017 m-3 was present during the entire voltage cycle, with only a small (~5 %) increase during a discharge.
Measurement issues in morphometry. (1985)

Measurement is the instrument of morphometry. Several recurring issues of measurement are reviewed: types of measurement scales and their statistical consequences; types of measurement errors and their relationship to measurement scales; the differences between image resolution, digitization resolution and measurement resolution; and image measurement methods. The importance of formalized measurement protocols is illustrated with an example from daily morphometric practice.
Selection bias: maintaining less-differentiated T cells for adoptive immunotherapy (2015)

The clinical application of T cell immunotherapy depends on ex vivo modification and expansion of T cells for adoptive transfer. In preclinical models, the use of a purified, naive T cell subset enhances persistence and antitumor immunity; however, the majority of clinical studies rely on modification of mixed populations of T cells that contain only a small subset of highly functional T cells with less-differentiated phenotype. In this month's issue of the JCI, Klebanoff and colleagues uncover a Fas-mediated interaction between naive T cells and antigen-experienced T cells that drives differentiation and impairs adoptive immunotherapy. Further, they show that blockade of Fas signaling enhances antitumor immunity and increases survival in a mouse model of melanoma. Their work supports a growing body of evidence that the use of naive T cells enhances the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy and suggests a new therapeutic strategy for preserving less-differentiated T cell populations.
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia and thalamotomy. (1984)

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia of the limbs in thirteen cases of Parkinsonism, which was choreic, ballistic or dystonic in type, was alleviated almost completely by stereotaxic surgery using a microelectrode technique for the ventralis oralis anterior and posterior nuclei of the thalamus, but much less by the ventralis intermedius nucleus. Control of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by thalamic lesions in the course of routine treatment of Parkinsonism is discussed.
Comparative analysis of carotenoid accumulation in two goji (Lycium barbarum L. and L. ruthenicumMurr.) fruits (2014)

The failure of the chromoplast development in BF causes low carotenoid biosynthesis levels and continuous carotenoid degradation, which ultimately leads to undetectable carotenoid levels in ripe BF. In contrast, the successful chromoplast biogenesis in RF furnishes the sink necessary for carotenoid storage. Based on this observation, the abundant zeaxanthin accumulation in RF is primarily determined via both the large carotenoid biosynthesis levels and the lack of carotenoid degradation, which are regulated at the transcriptional level.
An improved proportional pulse compensation strategy for DC voltage balance of cascaded H-Bridge Rectifier (2016)

DC voltage balance strategy is an important control part for Cascaded H-Bridge Rectifier. Proportional pulse compensation strategy is a typical voltage balance strategy, which can realize DC voltage balance with good performance under special working condition. However, the balance effect may be influenced by load current, and it is hard for self adoption under different load conditions. This paper proposes a kind of improved voltage balance strategy through modeling analysis on the circuit on the basis of this proportional pulse compensation strategy. The load current is introduced to the regulator, so as to better realize DC voltage balance under different load conditions. Simulation and experimental results verify the proposed improved strategy.
Desarrollo, análisis e interpretación de los modelos demógraficos matriciales para la Biología de la Conservación (2002)

Las estrategias de conservación de especies amenazadas, de gestión de los recursos naturales o de control de plagas dependen en gran medida del conocimiento de la dinámica de las poblaciones. El disponer de los medios adecuados para el análisis exhaustivo de la dinámica de poblaciones animales y vegetales representa uno de los puntales de la Biología de la Conservación. Los modelos demográficos matriciales han demostrado ser una buena herramienta ya que son relativamente fáciles de desarrollar y proporcionan la información necesaria para entender y analizar la dinámica poblacional de un organismo. En este artículo se revisa la construcción, análisis e interpretación de los modelos matriciales para ilustrar el interés y la utilidad que estos modelos tienen para la Biología de la Conservación.
Optical and compositional properties of amorphous silicon-germanium films by plasma processing for integrated photonics (2012)

We report the study of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium (a-Si1-XGeX:H) films prepared by low-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (LF-PECVD) varying the composition (0 ≤ X ≤ 1). Silicon and germanium content is determined by energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). Refractive index, absorption coefficient and optical gap are estimated by transmittance measurements as well as by the use of PUMA software. Absorption coefficients obtained by using this software and by the Beer-Lambert law show good agreement according to absorption region. Results indicate that refractive index exhibits a linear behavior on germanium content for atomic percent (at.%). Employing these films and by the use of the finite-element software COMSOL, a single-mode low-contrast rib optical waveguide operating at the wavelength of 1550 nm is simulated, and later fabricated by using photolithography and plasma etching techniques. Measured optical losses are 7.6 dB/cm.
A SiGe Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifier With an Integrated CMOS Envelope Modulator for Mobile WiMAX/3GPP LTE Transmitters (2011)

This paper presents a SiGe envelope-tracking (ET) cascode power amplifier (PA) with an integrated CMOS envelope modulator for mobile WiMAX and 3GPP long-term evolution (LTE) transmitters (TXs). The entire ET-based RF PA system delivers the linear output power of 22.3/24.3 dBm with the overall power-added efficiency of 33%/42% at 2.4 GHz for the WiMAX 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (64QAM) and the 3GPP LTE 16 quadrature amplitude modulation, respectively. Additionally, it exhibits a highly efficient broadband characteristic for multiband applications. Compared to the conventional fixed-supply cascode PA, our ET-based cascode PA meets the WiMAX/LTE spectral mask and error vector magnitude spec at close to its <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> compression without the need of predistortion. The SiGe PA and the CMOS envelope modulator are both designed and fabricated in the TSMC 0.35-μm SiGe BiCMOS process on the same die. This study represents an essential integration step toward achieving a fully monolithic large-signal ET-based TX for wideband wireless applications.
Role of TWEAK and Fn14 in tumor biology (2006)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) was initially described in a 1997 publication co-authored by investigators from the biotechnology company Biogen (now Biogen-Idec) and the University of Geneva. Four years later, researchers at the biotechnology company Immunex (now part of Amgen) reported the cloning and characterization of the human TWEAK receptor. A sequence database search revealed that the predicted TWEAK receptor amino acid sequence was identical to that of fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), a small transmembrane protein described one year earlier in a publication from investigators at the American Red Cross Holland Laboratory. Recent studies have revealed that the TWEAK-Fn14 ligand-receptor pair likely plays an important role in a variety of cellular processes and in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including atherosclerosis, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. In this paper, we first summarize the general properties of these two proteins and then review the available data implicating TWEAK and Fn14 in multiple aspects of tumor biology.
Encapsulators: a new software paradigm in Smalltalk-80 (1986)

Certain situations arise in programming that lead to multiply polymorphic expressions, that is, expressions in which several terms may each be of variable type. In such situations, conventional object-oriented programming practice breaks down, leading to code which is not properly modular. This paper describes a simple approach to such problems which preserves all the benefits of good object-oriented programming style in the face of any degree of polymorphism. An example is given in Smalltalk-80 syntax, but the technique is relevant to all object-oriented languages.