gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GALS design methodology based on pausible clocking (2014)

Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) Design ist eine Lösung zur Skalierbarkeit und Modularität für die SoC-Integration. Heutzutage ist GALS-Design weit in der Industrie angewendet. Die meisten GALS-Systeme basieren auf Dual-Clock-FIFOs für die Kommunikation Zwischen Taktdomänen. Um Leistungsverluste aufgrund der Synchronisationslatenzzeit zu vermindern, müssen die On-Chip-FIFOs ausreichend groß sein. Dies führt jedoch oft zu erheblichen Kosten-Hardware. Effiziente GALS- Lösungen sind daher vonnöten. Diese Arbeit berichtet unsere neuesten Fortschritte in GALS Design, das auf der Pausierenden Taktung basiert. Kritische Designthemen in Bezug auf Synchronisation-szuverlässigkeit bzw. Kommunikationsfähigkeit sind systematisch und analytisch un-tersucht. Ein lose gekoppeltes GALS Data-Link-Design wird vorgeschlagen. Es unter-stützt metastabilitätsfreie Synchronisation für Sub-Takt-Baum Verzögerungen. Außer-dem unterstützt es kontinuierliche Datenübertragung für High-Throughput-Kommuni-kation. Die Rosten hinsichtlich Energie verbrauch und Chipfläche sind marginal. GALS Design ist eingesetzt, um digitales On-Chip Umschaltrauschen zu verringern. Plesiochron Taktung mit balanciertem Leistungsverbrauch zwischen GALS Blöcken wird insbesondere untersucht. Für M Taktbereiche wird eine Reduzierung um 20lgM dB für die spektralen Spitzen des Versorgungsstroms bei der Takt-Grundfrequenz theoretisch hergcleitet. Im Vergleich zu den bestehenden synchronen Lösungen, geben diese Methode eine Alternative, um das digitale schaltrauschen effektiv zu senken. Schließlich wurde die entwickelte GALS Design Methodik schon bei reale Chip-Implementierungen angewendet. Zwei komplizierte industriell relevante Test-Chips, Lighthouse und Moonrake, wurden entworfen und mit State-Of-The-Art-Technologien hergestellt. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse bzw.
Reliability of a MEMS torsional ratcheting actuator (2002)

A new surface-micromachined actuator, the torsional ratcheting actuator (TRA), has been characterized and stress tested for reliability. The most prominent failure mechanism when running at high speeds (ratcheting frequencies of 333, 1000, or 3000 Hz) is wear on rubbing surfaces leading to adhesion between the ring gear and the alignment guide. We have also observed failure when running at low speeds (5 Hz) due to misalignment of the ring gear, preventing the ratchet pawl from engaging. A wear model was developed which closely predicts the normal force promoting the wear and is in agreement with supporting calculations. We observed multiple ratcheting in the TRA during calibration and solved the equations of motion to confirm that it was due to the moment of inertia of the large ring gear. Damping was also shown to have an effect.
Effects of multipath transmission on the measured propagation delay of an FM signal (1969)

Position location techniques based on propagation delay have been proposed previously. A narrow-band version of this technique involves the transmission of RF carrier, modulated by a single audio frequency. At a receiver, the audio phase is a measure of distance provided the propagation delay is less than one quarter cycle. The transmission medium introduces multipath distortion and the received signal consists of a set of signals, each an attenuated and delayed replica of the transmitted signal, having traversed a different path. When FM is employed, the phase of the demodulated composite is a nonlinear function of the parameters of the multipath structure of the channel. In this paper, this functional relationship is derived.
Outcome of Lumbar Fusion in Washington State Workersʼ Compensation (1994)

Outcome of lumbar fusion performed on injured workers was worse than reported in published case series. Prospective studies should be conducted to determine the biologic indications that might lead to improved outcomes in this disabled population.
Bottleneck optical pulse limiters revisited (1999)

Analytic expressions are presented for the fluence dependence of the populations of pulse-excited singlet and triplet states of metallo-organic molecules appropriate for the design of passive optical limiters in which the molecular density profile along the axis of a convergent beam is graded to avoid damage at high design fluences. The original model was relevant strictly for laser-pulse lengths greater than 10(-7) s. This research extends the model to the range from 10(-11) to 10(-6) s and beyond. The factors that determine the appropriate concentration profiles, and the high-fluence performance of the device, are also reviewed.
Stimulation of epithelial cell growth by the neuropeptide substance P (1993)

The neuropeptide substance P (SP) was found to stimulate DNA synthesis and cell growth for epithelial cells (cornea and lens) in a serum-free environment. The length of treatment time was shown to be important since longer times shifted the dose-response curve to the left. In short-term DNA synthesis studies (40 h) the stimulation with SP (or synergism with insulin) was not apparent until close to 10 microM, however, when DNA synthesis assays were carried out over a long period of time (5 days) stimulation with SP was seen at 1 pM. The stimulation of DNA synthesis by SP was synergistic with insulin for lens epithelial cells, but little synergism was seen with corneal epithelial cells. It cell growth studies on lens epithelial cells SP also showed growth stimulation by itself and synergism with insulin at concentrations of 1-2 pM. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) showed no DNA synthesis stimulating ability on epithelial cells by itself at concentrations as high as 2.5 microM; however, it was synergistic with SP at a concentration of 0.025 microM. SP pretreatment of epithelial cells for 2 h causes an increase in cellular sensitivity to subsequent addition of either SP or insulin. This increase is consistent with the hypothesis that either the signal from SP persists after its removal from the cell or the dissociation time for SP from its receptor is longer than the wash time.
Microtubule-Independent Motility and Nuclear Targeting of Adenoviruses with Fluorescently Labeled Genomes (2001)

A novel adenovirus system for analyzing the adenovirus entry pathway has been developed that contains green fluorescent protein bound to the encapsidated viral DNA (AdLite viruses). AdLite viruses enter host cells and accumulate around the nuclei and near the microtubule organizing centers (MTOC). In live cells, individual AdLite particles were observed trafficking both toward and away from the nucleus. Depolymerization of microtubules during infection prevented AdLite accumulation around the MTOC; however, it did not abolish perinuclear localization of AdLite particles. Furthermore, depolymerization of microtubules did not affect AdLite motility and did not affect gene expression from wild-type adenovirus and adenovirus-derived vectors. These data revealed that adenovirus intracellular motility and nuclear targeting can be supported by a mechanism that does not rely on the microtubule network.
Serum soluble interleukin‐6 receptor in MRL/lpr mice is elevated with age and mediates the interleukin‐6 signal (1993)

The characteristics of soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in murine sera were examined. To investigate a relationship between serum sIL-6R level and autoimmune diseases, quantitative analysis of serum sIL-6R in MRL/lpr mice was performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum sIL-6R level in MRL/lpr mice of both sexes was below the detection limit (< 1.0 ng/ml) at 8 weeks of age, but it increased in accordance with age and reached 42 +/- 9.3 ng/ml in female and 31 +/- 13 ng/ml in male mice at 30 weeks of age. In MRL/+ mice, although an age-associated increase in serum sIL-6R level was observed, it was much less extensive than that in MRL/lpr mice. Elevated serum sIL-6R level at the age of 30 weeks was observed in female and male (NZB x NZW)F1 mice (32 +/- 10 ng/ml and 17 +/- 5.0 ng/ml, respectively), and male BXSB/Mpj Yaa mice (42 +/- 18 ng/ml), suggesting that elevated serum sIL-6R in aged mice is one of the characteristics of autoimmune-prone mice. Quantitative analysis of serum IL-6 in MRL/lpr revealed that the serum sIL-6R level correlated well with the serum IL-6 level. We also showed that sIL-6R in the sera from MRL/lpr mice could mediate the IL-6 functions through the IL-6 signal-transducing receptor component gp130, suggesting that elevated production of sIL-6R may partly contribute to development of autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr mice.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of <i>N</i>-Dihydrocoptisine-8-ylidene Aromatic Amines and <i>N</i>-Dihydrocoptisine-8-ylidene Aliphatic Amides as Antiulcerative Colitis Agents Targeting XBP1 (2016)

In this study, natural quaternary coptisine was used as a lead compound to design and synthesize structurally stable and actively potent coptisine analogues. Of the synthesized library, 13 N-dihydrocoptisine-8-ylidene amines/amides were found not only to be noncytotoxic toward intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), but they were also able to activate the transcription of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) targets to varying extents in vitro. Antiulcerative colitis (UC) activity levels were assessed at the in vitro molecular level as well as in vivo in animals using multiple biomarkers as indices. In an in vitro XBP1 transcriptional activity assay, four compounds demonstrated good dose-effect relationships with EC50 values of 0.0708-0.0132 μM. Moreover, two compounds were confirmed to be more potent in vivo than a positive control, demonstrating a curative effect for UC in experimental animals. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that these coptisine analogues are promising candidates for the development of anti-UC drugs.
Soft matter and art conservation. Rheoreversible gels and beyond (2005)

A form of soft matter, physical gels, has been exploited for many practical purposes for several centuries. During the last decade, several types of physical gels have been developed to clean surfaces for art conservation and restoration. A short history and an explanation of the structures and properties of these gels and recent modifications of them by the authors to allow “isothermal rheoreversibility” are described. Speculation about future developments and the factors that should be considered when formulating gels for art conservation and restoration is presented.
Influence of Acupuncture on Leptin, Ghrelin, Insulin and Cholecystokinin in Obese Women: A Randomised, Sham-Controlled Preliminary Trial (2012)

These findings suggest that acupuncture may help to regulate weight owing to its beneficial effects on hormones such as insulin, leptin, ghrelin and CCK in obese subjects even after a few weeks of treatment.
Stimulation of Respiratory Motor Output and Ventilation in a Murine Model of Pompe Disease by Ampakines (2015)

Pompe disease results from a mutation in the acid α-glucosidase gene leading to lysosomal glycogen accumulation. Respiratory insufficiency is common, and the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment, enzyme replacement, has limited effectiveness. Ampakines are drugs that enhance α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor responses and can increase respiratory motor drive. Recent work indicates that respiratory motor drive can be blunted in Pompe disease, and thus pharmacologic stimulation of breathing may be beneficial. Using a murine Pompe model with the most severe clinical genotype (the Gaa(-/-) mouse), our primary objective was to test the hypothesis that ampakines can stimulate respiratory motor output and increase ventilation. Our second objective was to confirm that neuropathology was present in Pompe mouse medullary respiratory control neurons. The impact of ampakine CX717 on breathing was determined via phrenic and hypoglossal nerve recordings in anesthetized mice and whole-body plethysmography in unanesthetized mice. The medulla was examined using standard histological methods coupled with immunochemical markers of respiratory control neurons. Ampakine CX717 robustly increased phrenic and hypoglossal inspiratory bursting and reduced respiratory cycle variability in anesthetized Pompe mice, and it increased inspiratory tidal volume in unanesthetized Pompe mice. CX717 did not significantly alter these variables in wild-type mice. Medullary respiratory neurons showed extensive histopathology in Pompe mice. Ampakines stimulate respiratory neuromotor output and ventilation in Pompe mice, and therefore they have potential as an adjunctive therapy in Pompe disease.
THE GENERALIZATION OF ‘STUDENT'S’ PROBLEM WHEN SEVERAL DIFFERENT POPULATION VARLANCES ARE INVOLVED (1947)

Journal Article THE GENERALIZATION OF ‘STUDENT'S’ PROBLEM WHEN SEVERAL DIFFERENT POPULATION VARLANCES ARE INVOLVED Get access B. L. WELCH, B.A., PH.D. B. L. WELCH, B.A., PH.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 34, Issue 1-2, January 1947, Pages 28–35, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/34.1-2.28 Published: 01 January 1947
Objective intraoperative method to record averaged electromyographic stapedius muscle reflexes in cochlear implant patients. (2000)

We have developed a procedure to measure the averaged stapedius muscle reflex in response to electrical stimulation (AESR) with a cochlear implant. The AESR, as activated by ipsilateral stimulation with a cochlear implant, was investigated intra-operatively in a series of 12 children. After the cochlear implant was placed into the cochlea and secured by the surgeon, an electromyographic (EMG) needle electrode was gently placed into the stapedius muscle. During stimulation of the cochlear implant, the stapedius reflex was monitored visually (VESR) and as an averaged EMG response (AESR). Consistent AESRs were obtained in 7 of the 12 children. These measures provide a method to obtain stapedius muscle responses that may be helpful in the programming of young children with cochlear implants. Comparative post-operative measures were also obtained, including behavioral threshold levels, behavioral comfort levels, and the contralateral stapedius reflex threshold (ESR) on selected electrodes.
Fluorescent probes and bioconjugation chemistries for single-molecule fluorescence analysis of biomolecules (2002)

Fluorescence-based detection of single biomolecules in solution and at room temperature has opened new avenues for understanding biological mechanisms. Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy (SMFS) of biomolecules requires careful selection of fluorophores, sites of incorporation, and labeling chemistries. SMFS-compatible fluorophores should permit extended, uninterrupted observations of fluorescence with high signal-to-noise ratios; more stringent considerations apply for specific methodologies, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence anisotropy. Strategies for site-specific in vitro labeling of small proteins exploit the reactivity of the amino acid cysteine (Cys), allowing incorporation of one or more fluorophores; labeling of closely spaced Cys residues using bis-functionalized fluorophores allows probing of the orientation of individual protein domains. For in vitro labeling of large proteins, the options include peptide ligation, intein-mediated labeling, puromycin-based labeling, unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, and reconstitution from individual subunits or subunit fragments. For in vivo analysis, one can use proteins that are labeled in vitro and then incorporated in cells; genetic encoding of specific protein sequences can also lead to in vivo labeling, either by in vivo targeting by fluorophores or by biosynthesis of protein fusions with natural fluorophores such as the green fluorescent protein. The existing methods, along with others under development, will bring SMFS to the mainstream and advance significantly our understanding of vital biological processes.
MIRAS, a two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer (2002)

Based on the experimented potential use of aperture synthesis (Le Vine, 1990), the European Space Agency has initiated the study of a spaceborne Microwave Interferometric Radiometer with Two-Dimensional Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) as well as the development of an airborne version of this instrument. The objective of this radiometer is to study and demonstrate the feasibility of two-dimensional interferometry for measuring Earth's soil moisture content and ocean salinity from space, through breadboard implementation and eventually aircraft campaigns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
REVIEWS The Art Criticism of Francis Ponge. By JORDANSHIRLEY ANN. (MHRA Texts and Dissertations, 36). London, W. S. Maney & Son Ltd, for the Modern Humanities Research Association, 1994. ix + 156 pp. (1996)

REVIEWS Get access The Art Criticism of Francis Ponge. By SHIRLEY ANN JORDAN. (MHRA Texts and Dissertations, 36). London, W. S. Maney & Son Ltd, for the Modern Humanities Research Association, 1994. ix + 156 pp. PETER COLLIER PETER COLLIER SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGECAMBRIDGE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume L, Issue 3, July 1996, Pages 357–358, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/L.3.357 Published: 01 July 1996
New polymer syntheses. LXXXII. Syntheses of poly(ether‐sulfone)s from silylated aliphatic diols including chiral monomers (1995)

Abstract Attempts were made to synthesize poly(ether‐sulfone)s from aliphatic diols or bissilylated diols on the one hand, and 4,4′‐dichlorodiphenylsulfone or 4,4′‐difluorodiphenylsulfone on the other hand. The reaction conditions and the catalyst were varied. Polycondensations of silylated diols with 4,4′‐difluorodiphenylsulfone and powdered K 2 CO 3 in N ‐methylpyr‐rolidone proved to give the best results. Using silylated isosorbide and isomannide as mono‐mers chiral poly(ether‐sulfone)s were prepared. GPC measurements indicate weight‐average molecular weights in the range of 27×10 3 –200×10 3 . © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chitinous Materials from Blue Crab for Control of Root-Knot Nematode II. Effect of Soybean Meal (1990)

The efficacy of mixtures of soybean meal (SBM), urea and a chitinous material (Clandosan 601) derived from blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) wastes for control of Meloidogyne arenaria was studied under greenhouse conditions. Soil amendments containing 2-4 g SBM/kg of soil were most effective in reducing galls caused by M. arenaria in squash (Cucurbita pepo) roots when SBM was added to soil together with 1 g of Clandosan 601 and 0.5 g urea/kg of soil. These amendments stimulated microbial activity of soil as evidenced by increased soil enzymatic activities. Soil chitobiase activity increased with increasing rates of SBM added to soil and was related inversely to the number of galls/g of fresh squash root. Microplot studies demonstrated that a mixture containing by weight 50% SBM, 25% urea, and 25% Clandosan 601 when applied to soil at 8 t/ha was effective in suppressing M. incognita and increasing yield of 'Purple Hull' cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), 'Black Beauty' eggplant (Solanum melong
Design Principle of Telluride-Based Nanowire Heterostructures for Potential Thermoelectric Applications (2012)

We present a design principle to develop new categories of telluride-based thermoelectric nanowire heterostructures through rational solution-phase reactions. The catalyst-free synthesis yields Te-Bi(2)Te(3) "barbell" nanowire heterostructures with a narrow diameter and length distribution as well as a rough control over the density of the hexagonal Bi(2)Te(3) plates on the Te nanowire bodies, which can be further converted to other telluride-based compositional-modulated nanowire heterostructures such as PbTe-Bi(2)Te(3). Initial characterizations of the hot-pressed nanostructured bulk pellets of the Te-Bi(2)Te(3) heterostructure show a largely enhanced Seebeck coefficient and greatly reduced thermal conductivity, which lead to an improved thermoelectric figure of merit. This approach opens up new platforms to investigate the phonon scattering and energy filtering.
In vivo analysis of the murine beta-myosin heavy chain gene promoter. (1993)

The 5' upstream region of the murine beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene has been isolated and tested for its ability to drive gene expression in transgenic mice. Three classes of transgenic mice were generated. The constructs contained approximately 5000, 2500, and 600 base pairs of beta-MHC upstream sequence fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and were termed beta 5, beta 2.5, and beta .6, respectively. Muscle-specific expression was observed with all three constructs. However, only the beta 5 lines directed high levels of muscle-specific transgene expression in both pre- and postbirth mice. Expression driven by the two shorter constructs was two to three orders of magnitude lower when the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase specific activities were compared. These data suggest that a distal-positive element directs high levels of gene expression in the ventricle and in slow skeletal muscles. Analyses of transgene expression during heart maturation revealed that some of the beta 5 lines were not able to respond in an appropriate manner to developmental transcriptional cues. Unlike the endogenous beta-MHC gene, which is down regulated in the ventricles around the time of birth, reporter gene expression in the majority of the lines generated was not shut off in the ventricles of the adult animals. These data indicate that high levels of muscle-specific beta-MHC gene expression are dependent upon the combinatorial interactions of a number of sequence elements that are distributed over a large region of the gene's upstream sequence.
Racial and ethnic differences in survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2002)

Black children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have poor outcomes, but limited information is available for children from other racial and ethnic backgrounds, such as Hispanic and Asian. We undertook a retrospective cohort study of children with ALL treated on Children's Cancer Group therapeutic protocols to determine outcomes by racial and ethnic backgrounds of patients treated with contemporary risk-based therapy. In total, 8447 children (white, n = 6703; Hispanic, n = 1071; black, n = 506; and Asian, n = 167) with newly diagnosed ALL between 1983 and 1995 were observed for a median of 6.5 years. Analysis of disease outcome was measured as overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) and was adjusted for known predictors of outcome including clinical features, disease biology, socioeconomic status, and treatment era (1983-1989 vs 1989-1995). There was a statistically significant difference in survival by ethnicity (P <.001). Five-year EFS rates were: Asian, 75.1% +/- 3.5%; white, 72.8% +/- 0.6%; Hispanic, 65.9% +/- 1.5%; and black, 61.5% +/- 2.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that when compared with white children, black and Hispanic children had worse outcomes and Asian children had better outcomes after adjusting for known risk factors. The poorer outcomes among black children were most apparent among patients with standard-risk features (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-2.5), whereas poorer outcomes in Hispanic children (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6) were most evident among patients with high-risk features. Asian children had better outcomes than all racial and ethnic groups among high-risk patients, particularly in the recent era (5-year EFS, 90.9% +/- 6.1%). Racial and ethnic differences in OS and EFS persist among children with ALL who receive contemporary risk-based therapy. Future studies should focus on reasons-perhaps compliance or pharmacogenetics-for those differences.