gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Responses of Antibody Titers to Intramammary Immunization with Escherichia coli J5 Bacterin (1997)

The effect of an immunization schedule on responses of antibody titers was tested following vaccination with an Escherichia coli J5 bacterin. Eighteen cows were equally distributed among three immunization schedules: 1) subcutaneous injection at 14 d prior to the end of lactation, intramammary immunization at 7 d after drying off, and subcutaneous injection at 30 d into the dry period; 2) subcutaneous injections at drying off, at 30 d into the dry period, and within 12 h after calving; and 3) unimmunized controls. The E. coli J5 bacterin consisted of 5 ml of 10(9) boiled cells/ml of 0.9% NaCl plus 0.005% phenol emulsified with 5 ml of Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Subcutaneous injections were administered on the upper part of the rib cage, posterior to the scapula. Intramammary immunizations of 2.5 ml of bacterin were infused via the teat canal into each of the four mammary glands. Intramammary immunization increased rectal temperatures at 12 h after infusion, but subcutaneous injections did not induce febrile responses. Intramammary immunization enhanced immunoglobulin G titers in serum and whey on d 0 of lactation compared with subcutaneous immunizations. Immunoglobulin G titers in serum also were greater at d 30 of the dry period and at d 14 and 21 of lactation for cows that received intramammary immunization than for cows that were vaccinated by subcutaneous injections only. Immunoglobulin M titers in whey and serum on d 21 of lactation were greater for cows that received intramammary immunizations than for cows that were immunized by subcutaneous injections only.
A new way, 'for kids' sake' (2011)

Fifteen months ago, The Australian Christian Lobby commissioned a research report into the state of Australia's children in response to growing concerns that children's best interests were continually falling victim to adult desires. ACL also wanted a list of robust and creative recommendations to take to the Government and Opposition that would result in policy initiatives addressing the causes and not just the symptoms of the crisis affecting children. The result is For Kids' Sake: Repairing the Social Environment for Australian Children and Young People, authored by Professor Patrick Parkinson from the University of Sydney through a generous grant from a family foundation. The report was made public in September during Child Protection Week. A pr cis of the executive summary, together with the key recommendations are the basis of this cover story in our special children's issues edition.
The Spallation Neutron Source project (2003)

The SNS is a "joint-venture" project of five DOE National Laboratories, aimed at building the world's most powerful accelerator-based pulse spallation source. At its planned 2 MW operation, it will produce neutron fluxes at least a factor of ten greater than Rutherford Appleton Laboratory's ISIS, currently the world's leading spallation source. The current design of the SNS calls for 600 ns pulses of 1 GeV protons striking a liquid mercury target at a 60 Hz rate. Room-temperature and cryogenic moderators produce beams of slow neutrons suitable for materials research. Responsibility for system components is as follows: LBNL will provide the high-brightness H/sup -/ ion source, transport structures and a 2.5-MeV RFQ accelerator; Los Alamos will build linacs to bring the beam to the full energy of 1 GeV; Brookhaven will build the accumulator ring to compress the 1 ms linac pulse into the sharp pulse delivered to the target; /spl ap/1200 turns will be injected, storing 2/spl times/10/sup 14/ protons in the ring, which are extracted in a single turn; Oak Ridge will provide the mercury target systems and all conventional facilities; and Argonne and Oak Ridge are coordinating the design of at least 10 neutron-scattering instruments to be provided as the initial suite of experiment stations. The project is formally underway, having been approved and funded by DOE and the US Congress for a construction start in FY99. Neutron beams will be available for users in FY06.
Online RPLC-GC via TOTAD Method To Isolate (+)-Methyl Epijasmonate from Lemon (Citrus limon Burm.) (2008)

Pure (+)-methyl epijasmonate was isolated from lemon ( Citrus limon Burm.) for the first time. To that aim, two commercial essential oils and one homemade extract were included in the present paper. First, a study on the appropriate chromatographic conditions to avoid the epimerization from methyl epijasmonate to the more stable methyl jasmonate was accomplished. The results obtained are discussed. The presence of (+)-methyl epijasmonate in the three samples studied was initially established through the direct injection into GC-MS. However, the overlapping of (+)-methyl epijasmonate with other matrix components made it necessary to employ a multidimensional technique. RPLC-GC analysis via through-oven transfer adsorption-desorption (TOTAD) provided the selectivity and sensitivity required, reflecting that the homemade lemon extract was an adequate natural source to obtain pure (+)-methyl epijasmonate by means of the collection of the corresponding RPLC fraction.
BiFrameNet (2004)

We present a novel automatic approach to constructing a bilingual semantic network---the BiFrameNet, to enhance statistical and transfer-based machine translation systems. BiFrameNet is a frame semantic representation, and contains semantic structure transfers between English and Chinese. The English FrameNet and the Chinese HowNet provide us with two different views of the semantic distribution of lexicon by linguists. We propose to induce the mapping between the English lexical entries in FrameNet to Chinese word senses in HowNet, furnishing a bilingual semantic lexicon which simulates the "concept lexicon" supposedly used by human translators, and which can thus be beneficial to machine translation systems. BiFrameNet also contains bilingual example sentences that have the same semantic roles. We automatically induce Chinese example sentences and their semantic roles, based on semantic structure alignment from the first stage of our work, as well as shallow syntactic structure. In addition to its utility for machine-aided and machine translations, our work is also related to the spatial models proposed by cognitive scientists in the framework of artifactual simulations of the translation process.
Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Based Highpower ATT Diodes In The MM-wave and THz Regime: Device Reliability, Experimental Feasibility and Photo-sensitivity (2010)

Avalanche Transit Time (ATT) Diodes which include IMPATTs, TRAPATTs, BARITTs and so on are potential solid-state sources for Microwave power. Among these devices, IMPATTs are by far the most important in view of their frequency range and power output and show great promise of increasing application in the twenty first century. During the initial phases of development of IMPATT devices in the late sixties and early seventies, Ge (Germanium) and Si (Silicon) were mainly used as semiconducting materials for IMPATT fabrication. In view of their low power capability, Ge IMPATTs have now become obsolete. In the seventies the rapid development of Si technology has made possible the emergence of Si SDR and DDR IMPATTs which can provide power at microwave and MM-wave frequency bands. GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) also emerged as a highly suitable material for fabricating IMPATT diodes in the lower microwave frequency range. Now-a-days IMPATT devices are used in microwave and MM-wave digital and analog communication systems, high power RADARs, missile seekers, and in many other defence systems. In recent years, the development of sources for Terahertz frequency regime are being extensively explored worldwide, for applications in short-range terrestrial and airborne communications, spectroscopy, imaging, space-based communications and atmospheric sensing. To meet the rising demand of high-power, high-frequency solid-state sources, extensive research is being carried out for development of high-power IMPATT devices in MM-wave and Terahertz regime. The material parameters responsible for heat generation and dissipation in IMPATT diodes play a vital role in limiting the output power of conventional Si and GaAs IMPATT diodes at a particular frequency. Among several approaches for realizing high-power, high-frequency IMPATT sources, one option is to develop IMPATT devices based on Wide-Band-Gap (WBG) semiconductors (e.g. SiC and GaN) having high critical electric field (E C ), high carrier saturation velocity (v S ) as well as high thermal conductivity (K) (Table Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Based Highpower ATT Diodes In The MM-wave and THz Regime: Device Reliability, Experimental Feasibility and Photo-sensitivity 115
Immunomodulatory effects of fosfomycin in an endotoxin model in human blood (2006)

Fosfomycin extensively decreased mRNA levels and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human blood. The broad antimicrobial coverage of fosfomycin and its immunosuppressive effects could be clinically useful in patients with sepsis.
Cell-based object tracking method for 3D shape reconstruction using multi-viewpoint active cameras (2009)

3D shape of objects can provide richer information for detecting, tracking or identifying the objects than a single 2D image of them. We tackle the 3D shape and texture reconstruction of an object moving in a widespread space using multi-viewpoint active cameras. Considering 3D shape and texture reconstruction, the problem in existing tracking methods using active cameras is that they cannot calibrate the active cameras accurately. We propose a cell-based tracking method that can produce multi-viewpoint images and accurate camera parameters for every frame. Our idea is to divide the space into cells and perform active camera control and calibration based on the cells. We demonstrate the performance of our method by simulation.
High-Q photonic nanocavity with a 2-ns photon lifetime (2008)

We have developed a photonic crystal nanocavity with a quality factor of 2.5times106 and a photon lifetime over 2 ns. This lifetime is the longest recorded thus far in photonic crystal cavities.
Damage Resistant and Low Stress EUV Multilayer Mirrors (2002)

This paper investigates the thermal stability as well as the residual stresses of Mo/Si and Mo/sub 2/C/Si multilayer mirrors. The mirrors were designed for normal incidence reflectivity at about 13 nm wavelength and were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Investigating the thermal stability of the multilayers in the temperature range from 300 degrees C to 500 degrees C, we found that the reflectivity of Mo/Si mirrors is markedly decreased after annealing above 300 degrees C, whereas the Mo/sub 2/C/Si multilayers show a superior thermal stability up to 400 degrees C. Additionally, the reduction of residual stress of Mo/Si and Mo/sub 2/C/Si multilayers with annealing has been investigated. Using slow thermal annealing (1 degrees C/min), it is possible to reduce the stress from -520 MPa to zero by heating the Mo/Si samples up to 310 degrees C. However, this results in a reflectivity drop of about 3-4%. On the other hand, one can reduce the stress of a Mo/sub 2/C/Si multilayer from -490 MPa to zero by annealing without a considerable reflectivity drop
High-speed architectures for algorithms with quantizer loops (2002)

High-speed microelectronic implementation of adaptive equalizers, encoders, and other associated signal processing algorithms is difficult, since the recursive portion of these algorithms contains nonlinear quantization operations. Examples of such algorithms include differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), adaptive DPCM (ADPCM), and differential feedback equalizers (DFEs). In the past, look-ahead computation techniques were successfully applied to create necessary concurrency in linear recursive and some nonlinear recursive operations (such as the add-compare-select operation). Novel computation approaches are presented, and the look-ahead technique is extended to pipeline the feedback loops containing finite-level quantizers. Approaches to pipeline piecewise linear recursive systems are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Air, mist, and foam drilling: a look at latest techniques (1977)

Advantages and disadvantages of air, mist and foam drilling are discussed in this first half of a two-part article. Special equipment used in air drilling is described and air requirements for air, mist and foam drilling are given. Also, a procedure for unloading and drying the hole is outlined.
The RWRD Security Scorecard Project: A Low‐cost, Effective Method of Enhancing Security Culture (2009)

This article discusses an effort at Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department (RWRD) in Arizona to achieve staff partnership as it tightened security at wastewater facilities and offices. One of the defined objectives of the security project was to change the “security culture” within the department. This change required motivating approximately 550 staff members at 20 RWRD locations to have a greater investment in site security. The change in security culture was created, in part, through nontraditional means. Education and policy change provided a traditional foundation, but most of the improvement was accomplished using a competitive strategy of a “security scorecard” that provided a security grade for each site. The article discusses the security scorecard pilot project at RWRD, the initial security goals that were established, security improvements over time, additional security recommendations from an outside consulting company, and the importance of employee buy‐in.
<title>Scalable rotary actuators with embedded shape memory alloys</title> (2001)

Scalable rotary actuators are being developed with the help of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires. Subjected to elevated temperatures SMA wires deliver large strains and high stresses. Yet their bandwidth is limited because of the time required for cooling. Bandwidth can be enhanced by miniaturizing the actuating system, which results in higher cooling rates. Using SMA wires with diameter of about 100 micron, several miniature actuators have been designed and fabricated. For example, a rotary joint with bi-directional actuation, which is about 4mm wide, 9mm long and 3mm high, can achieve angular deflection of around +/- 60 deg. Based on this bi-directional actuator, SMA ratchet mechanisms with minimum feature sizes of about 200 micron have been developed. The ratchet mechanisms can transform angular motion to continuously rotating motion. SMA wires are embedded into polyurethane structures using Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM). SDM is a layered manufacturing process capable of building complex 3D parts through the combination of material addition and subtraction. A key advantage of this process is the ease by which process interruption may occur to embed sensors and actuators into components. SDM can also fabricate functional mechanisms in an assembled configuration eliminating the need for assembly. The present article will describe design and manufacturing processes which enable the fabrication of the scalable rotary actuators. System performance and behavior of the SMA actuators will be also discussed in this contribution.
Glucocerebrosidase 2 gene deletion rescues type 1 Gaucher disease (2014)

The inherited deficiency of the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (GBA) due to mutations in the GBA gene results in Gaucher disease (GD). A vast majority of patients present with nonneuronopathic, type 1 GD (GD1). GBA deficiency causes the accumulation of two key sphingolipids, glucosylceramide (GL-1) and glucosylsphingosine (LysoGL-1), classically noted within the lysosomes of mononuclear phagocytes. How metabolites of GL-1 or LysoGL-1 produced by extralysosomal glucocerebrosidase GBA2 contribute to the GD1 pathophysiology is not known. We recently recapitulated hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, hypercytokinemia, and the bone-formation defect of human GD1 through conditional deletion of Gba in Mx1-Cre(+):GD1 mice. Here we show that the deletion of Gba2 significantly rescues the GD1 clinical phenotype, despite enhanced elevations in GL-1 and LysoGL-1. Most notably, the reduced bone volume and bone formation rate are normalized. These results suggest that metabolism of GL-1 or LysoGL-1 into downstream bioactive lipids is a major contributor to the bone-formation defect. Direct testing revealed a strong inhibition of osteoblast viability by nanomolar concentrations of sphingosine, but not of ceramide. These findings are consistent with toxicity of high circulating sphingosine levels in GD1 patients, which decline upon enzyme-replacement therapy; serum ceramide levels remain unchanged. Together, complementary results from mice and humans affected with GD1 not only pinpoint sphingosine as being an osteoblast toxin, but also set forth Gba2 as a viable therapeutic target for the development of inhibitors to ameliorate certain disabling consequences of GD1.
Endogamy in the <scp>U</scp> nited <scp>S</scp> tates (2016)

Endogamy is the practice of marrying within one's group in regard to race or ethnicity, education, religion, caste, a certain range of kin, geographic location, or other characteristics. The practice of endogamy in various forms occurs in many places in the world; however, this entry will focus on endogamy primarily in the United States. Although endogamy has previously governed mate selection in the United States, scholars find that the overall practice of endogamy has declined.
The ghrelin O-acyltransferase–ghrelin system: a novel regulator of glucose metabolism (2011)

Purpose of review Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone secreted from the stomach, exists in the circulation in two isoforms: des-acyl and acyl ghrelin. Acylation by the enzyme ghrelin O-acyl-transferase (GOAT) enables ghrelin to activate the ghrelin receptor. This review discusses recent findings illustrating the role of acyl ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and GOAT in regulating glucose homeostasis. Recent findings Recent publications support a role of ghrelin in modulating glucose homeostasis. Novel cellular mechanisms have been proposed to explain these effects. Controversy on this topic continues to exist owing to inconsistent observations made in both rodents and humans. Many recent studies are uncovering a role of des-acyl ghrelin in glucose metabolism specifically in modulating insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake into adipocytes. A novel role of ghrelin acylation by the enzyme GOAT in regulating glucose metabolism during caloric deprivation has newly been discovered. Summary Ghrelin plays a role in regulating glucose homeostasis through the modulation of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin appear to have opposing glucoregulatory effects and regulation of acylation by the enzyme GOAT appears to play a role in mediating glucose metabolism. Modulation of GOAT or ghrelin signaling may be a clinically relevant strategy to treat metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes.
Feature-specific imaging (2003)

We analyze the performance of feature-specific imaging systems. We study incoherent optical systems that directly measure linear projects of the optical irradiance distribution. Direct feature measurement exploit, the multiplex advantage, and for small numbers of projections can provide higher feature-fidelity than those systems that postprocess a conventional image. We examine feature-specific imaging using Wavelet, Karhunen-Loeve (KL), Hadamard, and independent-component features, quantifying feature fidelity in Gaussian-, shot-, and quantization-noise environments. An example of feature-specific imaging based on KL projections is analyzed and demonstrates that within a high-noise environment it is possible to improve image fidelity via direct feature measurement. A candidate optical system is presented and a preliminary implementational study is undertaken.
Estimation focus in system identification: prefiltering, noise models, and prediction (2003)

We review some features related to the use of prefiltering data for identification. In addition to the well known interplay between noise models and prefilters we discuss how to find a compromise between the need for a noise model, at the same time as having control of the approximation properties of the model. The statistical paradigm tells us to use high order models so that the bias distribution aspect of the prefilter can be neglected. For real data this may however be infeasible. The discussion is illustrated with both simulated and real data.
Differences in prostaglandin metabolism in cultured aortic and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells exposed to acute and chronic hypoxia. (1991)

In vivo, a marked difference in blood oxygen tension exists between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Responses of vascular endothelial cells from these vessels to changes in ambient oxygen might be influenced by the oxygen tension to which they are continuously exposed in vivo or by their anatomic site. To explore this hypothesis, we initially studied the production of the cyclooxygenase metabolites prostacyclin and thromboxane in bovine aortic and main pulmonary arterial endothelial cells grown in 21% O2 and exposed to different degrees of acute hypoxia over a wide range of times. We found that short-term hypoxia (3% or 0% O2) rapidly and transiently activates the cyclooxygenase pathway in both cell types, with a more rapid response in bovine aortic endothelial cells. To determine whether culture in an oxygen tension similar to that to which main pulmonary arterial endothelial cells are exposed in vivo alters this response, we evaluated these cyclooxygenase metabolites in bovine aortic and main pulmonary arterial endothelial cells cultured long-term in 3% O2, both at baseline and after exposure to acute anoxia (0% O2). In both cell types, we found a decrease in prostacyclin and thromboxane synthesis at baseline and evidence of an increase in the Vmax of thromboxane synthetase following stimulation with exogenous arachidonic acid. In chronically hypoxic cells exposed to acute anoxia, there were marked differences in enzyme activity compared with that in endothelial cells maintained in 21% O2 with differences depending on the origin of the endothelial cells. In bovine aortic endothelial cells, production of neither cyclooxygenase metabolite increased; in bovine main pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, only thromboxane production increased, suggesting isolated activation of the cyclooxygenase-thromboxane synthetase pathway. These studies demonstrate that acute and chronic hypoxia have profound effects on endothelial cell cyclooxygenase metabolism and that these effects depend on the duration and degree of the hypoxic exposure and the vascular bed from which the endothelial cells are derived.
Meeting new marine harmonic standards (2008)

In order to address concerns associated with electrical power system harmonic distortion on ships and off-shore oil platforms, marine regulating bodies have introduced strict new harmonic standards. These standards define the acceptable level of harmonic voltage distortion allowed on the vessels they certify. High harmonic distortion levels are appearing as a result of the increased use of power electronic drive converters for electric propulsion, drilling and pumping applications and many other uses of variable speed drive systems. In order to meet these new standards, methods to control harmonics must be adopted. This paper will discuss some of these methods and present an application where a unique wide spectrum passive harmonic filter was used to meet harmonic limits on a cable laying ship that previously required the use of rented generators to allow operation of variable speed drives.