gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dichromated Gelatin Holograms And Their Applications (1980)

Dichromated gelatin holograms, properly recorded and processed, have so little scattering and absorption that they are nearly indistinguishable from clear glass plates. Dichromated gelatin is the best material today for the fabrication of holographic optical elements and certain reflection type image holograms because of its low scattering, large refractive index modulation capacity, moderate exposure level, high resolution capacity, good environmental stability with a cover plate, and other unique properties such as reprocessibility and relatively easy hologram thickness control. We first review the mechanism of hologram formation in dichromated gelatin and holographic characteristics and then discuss several promising applications of dichromated gelatin holograms such as holographic optical elements (or holographic optics components) and information storage and display.
Maximum-likelihood carrier frequency offset estimation for OFDM systems over frequency-selective fading channels (2005)

This paper considers carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation for OFDM systems over frequency-selective fading channels. We derive three new maximum-likelihood (ML) CFO estimators. The first estimator takes the pre-DFT signal at the receiver as Gaussian and averages the likelihood function over the Gaussian variable. The other two estimators first remove the channel impulse response (CIR) and average the resulting likelihood function over time-domain transmitted symbols. We demonstrate that the presence of virtual carriers is critically important for estimation. All our proposed estimators can achieve the asymptotic Cramer Rao bound (ACRB) and can also be enhanced using embedded pilots.
Cobalt-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of the allylic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H bond of simple alkenes to ketones (2018)

We herein describe a cobalt/Xantphos-catalyzed regioselective addition of simple alkenes to acetophenone derivatives, affording branched homoallylic alcohols in high yields with perfect branch selectivities. The intermediate of the reaction would be a nucleophilic allylcobalt(I) species generated via cleavage of the low reactive allylic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bond of simple terminal alkenes.
Using the redundant inverse kinematics system for collision avoidance (2010)

The present paper relates to the operation of robotic systems to avoid obstacles while positioning end-effectors. A new strategy to on-line collision-avoidance of the redundant robots with obstacles is presented. The strategy allows the use of redundant degrees of freedom such that a manipulator can avoid obstacles while tracking the desired end-effector's trajectory. It is supposed that the obstacles in the workspace of the manipulator are static. The strategy is based on the redundant inverse kinematics and leads to the favorable use of the abilities of redundant robots to avoid the collisions with obstacles. This strategy has the advantage that the configuration of the manipulator can be influenced by further requirements such as joint limits, etc. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is discussed by theoretical considerations and illustrated by simulation of the motion of the four-joint planar manipulators between symmetric obstacles. It is shown that the proposed collision-free strategy while tracking the end-effector trajectory is efficient and practical.
Cystic Fibrosis Syndrome: A New Paradigm for Inherited Disorders and Implications for Molecular Diagnostics (1999)

In this issue, Castaldo et al. (1) describe the use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to scan the CFTR gene in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from Southern Italy who were negative for the common CF mutations. As expected, rare mutations were found, five of which were useful in population screening. These findings are particularly important for laboratories in Italy and in areas with families of Italian descent.

Advanced molecular techniques provide a double-edged sword because they often detect sequence changes whose deleterious natures are by no means established. In the CFTR gene, such variants may cause classic CF, elicit atypical phenotypes with similarities to CF, or have no consequence to health.

Among recent letters in the New England Journal of Medicine on mild phenotypic variants of CF (2)(3)(4), one suggested that “the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is too nebulous to preserve in clinical practice and that perhaps, as is the case with Cushing’s disease and syndrome, we need to have both a cystic fibrosis ‘disease’. . . and a cystic fibrosis ‘syndrome’ (which would include the pancreatic manifestations, congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, or lesser pulmonary manifestations)” (3). As improved mutation detection technologies enter the clinical laboratory and identify rare CFTR mutations, laboratorians and clinicians must be cognizant of the changing nature of genotype-phenotype associations.

The severity of the pancreatic and hepatic features of CF is highly variable. The gastrointestinal presentations endured by CF patients take many forms (5). The majority of patients (85–90%) experience pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Those who retain pancreatic exocrine function (10–15%) typically carry at least one of the CFTR gene mutations that have been associated with residual function. Other CF patients have impaired endocrine insulin production associated with diabetes (10–15% of patients) or liver dysfunction (5), although no specific CFTR …
Predicting emerging product design trend by mining publicly available customer review data (2011)

In this work, the authors present a robust framework to enrich new product design process by dynamically capturing customer preference trends. The framework autonomously captures customer preference trends from publicly available product review data which is abundantly available but grossly underutilized. The method overcomes a major challenge that has plagued the product design community – the lack of large scale, realistic customer data and its meaningful interpretation to guide new product design process. The challenge is from conventional, prevalent use of customer surveys or focus group interviews that are usually costly and time consuming while the size of available data is usually small scale. The framework is composed of three steps – retrieval of customer review texts, mining product feature texts, and predicting future trend of product preference.
Programming of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators on the Basis of the Upper Limit of Vulnerability (1997)

ICD shocks can be programmed on the basis of the ULV, a measurement made in regular rhythm, without a direct measure of defibrillation efficacy.
Introduction (2001)

The topic of this symposium is ‘The molecular basis of skeletogenesis’. This introduction gives a brief overview of the skeleton as a whole including the following topics: Skeletogenic tissues and rates of bone formation Origins of skeletogenetic cells Major stages of skeletogenesis Coupling Changing views
Massively Multitask Networks for Drug Discovery (2015)

Massively multitask neural architectures provide a learning framework for drug discovery that synthesizes information from many distinct biological sources. To train these architectures at scale, we gather large amounts of data from public sources to create a dataset of nearly 40 million measurements across more than 200 biological targets. We investigate several aspects of the multitask framework by performing a series of empirical studies and obtain some interesting results: (1) massively multitask networks obtain predictive accuracies significantly better than single-task methods, (2) the predictive power of multitask networks improves as additional tasks and data are added, (3) the total amount of data and the total number of tasks both contribute significantly to multitask improvement, and (4) multitask networks afford limited transferability to tasks not in the training set. Our results underscore the need for greater data sharing and further algorithmic innovation to accelerate the drug discovery process.
Nestin-expressing multipotent hair follicle stem cells for regenerative medicine (2013)

Nestin-expressing hair follicle stem cells of the mouse can differentiate into neurons, glia, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells and melanocytes in vitro. Nestin-expressing hair follicle stem cells enhanced the rate of nerve regeneration and the restoration of nerve function in mouse models. The nestin-expressing hair follicle stem cells transdifferentiate largely into Schwann cells when implanted in severed nerves or injured spinal cord, which may enhance neuron regrowth. The bulge area of the follicle is the source of the nestin-expressing stem cells of the hair follicle, which migrate from the bulge area to the dermal papilla as well as into the surrounding skin tissues during wound healing. Nestin-expressing stem cells can also be readily isolated from the human scalp, thereby providing an accessible, autologous and safe source of stem cells for potential clinical use.
Structural Computing in Engineering Practice (1989)

Since its emergence some thirty years ago, finite element technology has penetrated a significant part of the structural engineering profession. It serves as a most graphic illustration of a new technology, with unprecedented power and potential, that is always a step or two ahead of the capabilities of practicing engineers to keep up with the new developments and to make optimum use of them. This paper highlights some aspects of education and training that have to be addressed, if analysts are to make proper use of finite element technology in engineering practice. There are questions of modeling real structures, interpretation and verification of analysis results, tasks which require considerable skills and experience. The more general subjects of quality control and code verification are briefly touched as well.
Salt Tolerance in the Succulent, Coastal Halophyte,<i>Sarcocornia natalensis</i> (1990)

Journal Article Salt Tolerance in the Succulent, Coastal Halophyte, Sarcocornia natalensis Get access G. NAIDOO, G. NAIDOO 1 Department of Botany, University of Durban-WestvillePrivate Bag X540O1, Durban, 4000 South Africa 1To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Laboratory for Wetland Soils and Sediments and Department of Marine Sciences, Centre for Wetland Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 7088 8803-7511, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R RUGHUNANAN R RUGHUNANAN Department of Botany, University of Durban-WestvillePrivate Bag X540O1, Durban, 4000 South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 41, Issue 4, April 1990, Pages 497–502, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/41.4.497 Published: 01 April 1990 Article history Received: 12 April 1989 Published: 01 April 1990
The Heparin-binding Domain and V Region of Fibronectin Regulate Apoptosis by Suppression of p53 and c-myc in Human Primary Cells (2002)

In apoptosis the tumor suppressor p53 and the c-myc proto-oncogene are usually up-regulated. We show a novel alternative pathway of apoptosis in human primary cells that is mediated by transcriptionally dependent decreases in p53 and c-Myc and decreases in p21. This pathway is regulated by the alternatively spliced V region and high-affinity heparin-binding domain of fibronectin. Requirements for c-Myc, p53, and p21 signals in maintaining survival and for their decreases in inducing apoptosis were demonstrated by the ability of p53, c-Myc, and p21 ectopic expression to rescue this apoptotic phenotype, and the ability of p53-deficient and c-myc antisense conditions to trigger a faster rate of apoptosis.
Development and validation of spectrofluorimetric method for estimation of ivabradine hydrochloride in marketed formulationand its applicability in plasma (2014)

A spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for determination of ivabradine hydrochloride in bulk and marketed formulation, according to ICH guideline. For ivabradine hydrochloride, excitation and emission wavelength was found to be 287 nm and 326 nm. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the range of 100-700 ng/ml with good correlation coefficient between fluorescence intensity and concentration of the IH in water. Good accuracy and precision were obtained as revealed from % RSD value less than 3. Developed method is simple, reliable and economical that can be useful in routine quality control of bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form analysis. Moreover, bioanalytical method with simple protein precipitation as sample preparation was developed for its estimation in plasma and validated according to USFDA guideline for bioanalytical method. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the range of 10-400 ng/ml with good correlation coefficient between fluorescence intensity and concentration of IH. Extraction recoveries >80% were obtained. Method validation parameters showed % RSD value less than 15. In case of bioanalytical method, high extraction recovery values shows efficiency of sample preparation technique and sensitivity of developed method that can be applied for bioavailability/bioequivalence study.
Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)‐<i>block</i>‐poly(caprolactone) copolymers and their applications as thermo‐sensitive materials (2004)

The polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) was initiated by the terminal alcohol of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) as an initiator via activated ring-opening polymerization in the presence of HCl. Et2O as a monomer activator. The molecular weights of the poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) in MPEG-PCL diblock copolymers controlled with the feed ratio of epsilon-CL to MPEG. The polymerization was preceded by living fashion with no termination or chain transfer. This polymerization procedure offered MPEG-PCL diblock copolymers with well-defined structures. The gel-to-sol transitions of MPEG-PCL diblock copolymer solutions were also examined. The diblock copolymers synthesized with various MPEG and PCL lengths were dissolved in water at 80 degrees C in various concentrations. The polymer solutions formed gel at room temperature. The formed gel became fluids again by increasing the temperature. The gel-to-sol transition showed strong dependence on the length of the MPEG and PCL diblock segments. When the polymer solution was injected into rat, it became a gel at body temperature. The formed gel maintained for 1 month. We confirmed that MPEG-PCL diblock copolymers with well-defined structures served as new thermo-sensitive biomaterials.
Separate gating mechanisms mediate the regulation of k-2p potassium channel task-2 by intra- and extracellular ph (2010)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Combining ACL2 and an automated verification tool to verify a multiplier (2006)

We have extended the ACL2 theorem prover to automatically prove properties of VHDL circuits with IBM's Internal SixthSense verification system. We have used this extension to verify a multiplier used in an industrial floating point unit. The property we ultimately verify corresponds to the correctness of the component that produces a pair of bit-vectors whose summation is equal to the product. This property is beyond the scale of the SixthSense system alone. In this paper we show how we verified the multiplier by illustrating key ACL2 lemmas and theorems, and also properties checked by SixthSense.
Ultra low energy analog image processing using spin based neurons (2012)

In this work we present an ultra low energy, 'on-sensor' image processing architecture, based on cellular network of spin based neurons. The 'neuron' constitutes of a lateral spin valve (LSV) with multiple input magnets, connected to an output magnet, using metal channels. The low resistance, magneto-metallic neurons operate at a small terminal voltage of ~20mV, while performing analog computation upon photo sensor inputs. The static current-flow across the device terminals is limited to small periods, corresponding to magnet switching time, and, is determined by a low duty-cycle system-clock. Thus, the energy-cost of analog-mode processing, inevitable in most image sensing applications, is reduced and made comparable to that of dynamic and leakage power consumption in peripheral CMOS units. Performance of the proposed architecture for some common image sensing and processing applications like, feature extraction, halftone compression and digitization, have been obtained through physics based device simulation framework, coupled with SPICE. Results indicate that the proposed design scheme can achieve more than two orders of magnitude reduction in computation energy, as compared to the state of art CMOS designs, that are based on conventional mixed-signal image acquisition and processing schemes. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first work where application of nano magnets (in LSV's) in analog signal processing has been proposed.
Design Review and Development of Friction Damping System for Freight Bogie (2000)

In 1996, Goninan placed into service the Code EBA bogies, which were a modified design from the Code DCA primary suspension, variably damped, rail freight bogie. The design modifications were aimed at upgrading the capacity to 30 tonne axle loads, reducing the manufacturing cost of the bogie, and improving the performance of the damping system during brake applications. In January 1997, a minor derailment of a Code NHPH coal wagon on which the bogies were fitted, occurred. Although there was no direct evidence that the derailment was due to the bogie, there was clearly the potential for the 'locking-in' of forces during unloading of the suspension. A design review process was conducted to develop an improved understanding of the force mechanism of the friction damping system, and to ensure that any forces acting on the axlebox from the damping system would not exceed safe operational limits. An independent third party certified the design review process. This paper presents a description of the process followed, the results of the review, and potential future developments. The main conclusion of this work is an improved understanding of the force mechanism of the suspension system, the parameters to which system performance is sensitive, and a basis for the evaluation of design alternatives.
Multiple-valued logic buses for reducing bus energy in low-power systems (2006)

The viability of bus interconnection models is explored, using the multiple-valued logic (MVL) paradigm to reduce the cost and energy consumption of off-chip and on-chip address, data and instruction buses within system-on-a-chip platforms. Data can be transferred over the buses using ternary, balanced ternary or quaternary number systems, rather than binary. This allows more compact bus design with a fewer number of bus lines, which can result in lower input/output pin cost for off-chip buses. Reducing the number of bus lines also allows us to increase the distance between the adjacent bus lines using the same silicon area. This further reduces interwire capacitance and may lead to significant on-chip bus energy reduction for low-power embedded systems. First, a combinatorial probabilistic view of digit transition patterns in binary and MVL number systems is provided. This is followed by an empirical study conducted by running various applications to measure bus switching activities as well as total bus energy consumption of real-world applications. It is observed that the number of bus transitions in a multiple-valued bus, particularly in a quaternary bus, is significantly less than the number of bus transitions in a binary bus. Our experimental results show that MVL bus models, replacing the binary equivalent, can be viable interconnection structures and are able to provide up to 29, 29 and 30% reduction in energy consumption for off-chip address, data and instruction buses, respectively. These savings are 55, 53 and 62% for on-chip quaternary address, data and instruction buses, respectively using 0.25 µm technology.
Cell-mediated immunologic responses and recurrent genital herpes in the guinea pig. Effects of glycoprotein immunotherapy (1991)

The specific immune alterations associated with HSV recurrences are ill defined although it appears that alterations in cell-mediated immune mechanisms are more likely associated with recurrent disease than humoral immunity. Immunization with HSV glycoproteins B and D (gBgD) after primary HSV infection has reportedly reduced the frequency of recurrences but the mechanisms remain unidentified. We therefore evaluated the effects of immunization with cloned gBgD on selected cell-mediated immune responses and their relationship to recurrent disease by using the guinea pig model of genital HSV-2 infection. In two experiments, immunization with gBgD + CFA on days 21 and 42 after HSV-2 inoculation significantly decreased the number of subsequent recurrent lesion days observed whereas CFA alone had no effect. Immunization with gBgD + CFA increased the lymphoproliferative and in vitro IL-2 response to gBgD more than to whole HSV-2 Ag preparations. Peak responses were observed 2 wk after the second immunization. The HSV-specific cytolytic response was also persistently increased beginning 1 wk after the first immunization. Analysis including both untreated and gBgD-immunized animals revealed that recurrent lesion days were inversely correlated to the IL-2 response to whole HSV-2 Ag (p less than 0.0001), the IL-2 response to gBgD (p = 0.0004), and the HSV-specific cytolytic response (p = 0.005 and 0.003 in two experiments, respectively). When the untreated group was analyzed separately, only the IL-2 response to whole HSV-2 Ag correlated to recurrences (p = 0.007). HSV glycoprotein immunization may increase IL-2 or other cytokines secreted by HSV-sensitized T cells increasing critical immune responses, such as NK- or lymphokine-activated killer-mediated cytolysis, that could eliminate the reactivated virus before the development of clinically apparent lesions.