gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of the cls gene responsible for cardiolipin synthesis in Escherichia coli and phenotypic consequences of its amplification (1985)

The cls gene responsible for cardiolipin synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 was cloned in a 5-kilobase-pair DNA fragment inserted in a mini-F vector, pML31, and then subcloned into a 2.0-kilobase-pair fragment inserted in pBR322. The initial selection of the gene was accomplished in a cls pss-1 double mutant that had lesions in both cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine synthases and required either the cls or the pss gene product for normal growth at 42 degrees C in a broth medium, NBY, supplemented with 200 mM sucrose. The cloned gene was identified as the cls gene by the recovery and amplification of both cardiolipin and cardiolipin synthase in a cls mutant as well as by the integration of a pBR322 derivative into its genetic locus at 27 min on the chromosome of a polA1 mutant. The maxicell analysis indicated that a protein of molecular weight 46,000 is the gene product. The cls gene is thus most likely the structural gene coding for cardiolipin synthase. Hybrid plasmids of high copy numbers containing the cls gene were growth inhibitory to pss-I mutants under the above selective conditions, whereas they inhibited neither the growth of pss-I mutants at 30 degrees C nor that of pss+ strains at any temperature. Amplification of cardiolipin synthase activity was observed, but was not proportional to the probable gene dosage (the enzyme activity was at most 10 times that in wild-type cells), and cardiolipin synthesis in vivo was at the maximum 1.5 times that in wild-type strains, implying the presence in E. coli cells of a mechanism that avoids cardiolipin overproduction, which is possibly disadvantageous to proper membrane functions.
Bromocriptin: ein neues Therapiekonzept in der Behandlung der chronisch rezidivierenden Uveitis? (1989)

Chronic recurrent uveitis still responds unsatisfactorily to therapy. Prolactin, a pituitary hormone that attains high blood levels physiologically in stress situations, has an immune modulating effect. The prolactin antagonist bromocriptine (2 x 2.5 mg/day) was administered prophylactically to prevent recurrence in seven patients with chronic iritis/iridocyclitis or panuveitis (Group A). On this therapy two patients suffered a mild recurrence (in one case in the first month). Another patient developed rebound uveitis after discontinuing bromocriptine medication. Tolerance appears to vary considerably, and in three patients the therapy had to be discontinued because of arterial hypotension and congestive rhinopathy, respectively. The three patients in Group B (with iritis, sympathetic ophthalmia, and intermediate uveitis) received bromocriptine in addition to cyclosporin A after plasmapheresis. This combination resulted in an elevated cyclosporin A plasma level, and the dosage was reduced by 30-50% (plasma level 70-120 ng/ml). With this lower dosage of cyclosporin A, the creatinine level of one of the patients returned to normal. Viewed on the basis of these initial results bromocriptine would appear to reduce the number of recurrences of chronic uveitis. Moreover, the synergism with cyclosporin A, described both theoretically and in an animal model in the literature, appears attainable in therapy.
Preparation of Ultrathin Self-Standing Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Membranes at Physiological Conditions Using pH-Responsive Film Segments as Sacrificial Layers (2006)

A new system to obtain ultrathin self-standing polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes at physiological conditions is introduced. On the surface of a substrate, a hybrid film structure composed of two compartments, (1) a pH-responsive film segment formed via hydrogen bonds and (2) a polyelectrolyte multilayer film on top of 1, was assembled. The pH-responsive polymer multilayer segments disintegrate at a neutral pH and release self-standing polyelectrolyte multilayer films. The obtained self-supporting polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes had thicknesses of 55 to several hundred nanometers and areas of a few square centimeters, approximately. The preparation method introduced here avoids harsh release conditions and thus broadens the choice of materials that can be incorporated into the self-standing film.
Electron Bombardment Molecular Beam Detector (1966)

A molecular beam electron bombardment detector is described and operational data are presented. The detector makes use of a Paul mass filter to increase its versatility. The detector is calibrated by the use of molecular beams of neon, argon, and krypton. Respective detection efficiencies are 1 atom in 2400, 320, and 80.
Thyrotropin Regulation by Thyroid Hormone in Thyroid Hormone Receptor  -Deficient Mice (1997)

Thyroid hormone responsive genes can be both positively and negatively regulated by thyroid hormone.TSH is down-regulated by thyroid hormone and rises during thyroid hormone deprivation.Because both thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and genes are expressed in the pituitary gland, it is unclear what the relative roles of TR and TR are in TSH regulation.Experiments using over expression of artificial genes have yielded conflicting results.The TR knock-out mouse that lacks both TR1 and TR2 isoforms provides a model to examine the role of these receptors in TSH regulation.TR deficient (TR/) and wild-type (TR/) mice of the same strain were deprived of thyroid hormone by feeding them a low iodine diet con-taining propylthiouracil and were then treated with different doses of L-T 3 and L-T 4 .Thyroid hormone deprivation rapidly increased the serum TSH level in both TR/ and TR/ mice, reaching a similar level in the absence of thyroid hormone.In contrast, the decline of serum TSH by treatment with both L-T 3 and L-T 4 was severely blunted in TR/ mice, and full suppression was not achieved with the maximal L-T 3 dose of 25 g/daymouse.These data indicate that TR is not required for the up-regulation of TSH in thyroid hormone deficiency.However, although TR alone can mediate thyroid hormone induced TSH suppression, TR enhances the sensitivity of TSH down-regulation and may be essential for the complete suppression of TSH.
Quantum Efficiency of Quantum Dot Lasers (2017)

The quantum efficiency relates the calculated to the measured external threshold current of a laser. This quantity is often estimated from the length dependence of the external differential efficiency above threshold, assuming the carrier density is pinned. Often it is also assumed that the internal current varies linearly with the external current; it is shown here this is not the case due to the effect of stimulated emission on the current-voltage relation of the active region. Furthermore, it has been observed that spontaneous emission from inhomogeneous quantum dots does not pin above threshold which questions the determination of their optical loss. This nonpinning is reproduced by a model in which the laser photon rate equation is coupled to rate equations for the occupation of dot states mediated by a thermal phonon distribution. The threshold current from this model agrees with a Fermi-Dirac calculation but the external efficiency above threshold is lower and its length dependence gives a smaller value of mode loss than the input value. The reasons for this behavior are analyzed and it is concluded that a Fermi-Dirac calculation does not represent the light-current characteristics in quantum dot lasers at room temperature.
Evaluation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Host Strain CB390 for Simultaneous Detection of Somatic and F-Specific Coliphages (2007)

Escherichia coli WG5, the strain recommended by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to detect somatic coliphages, was transformed to F(+) by introducing the plasmid Famp, which rendered it capable of simultaneously detecting both somatic and F-specific coliphages. Indeed, this strain, CB390, proved as effective in detecting similar numbers of phages as the sum of somatic and F-specific bacteriophages detected by the host strains recommended by both the ISO and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standardized methods.
Negative Pressure Generated by Octopus Suckers: A Study of the Tensile Strength of Water in Nature (1991)

ABSTRACT The decrease in hydrostatic pressure generated by octopus suckers adhering to wettable and non-wettable surfaces was measured using a flush-mounted miniature pressure transducer. The cavitation thresholds, or lowest sustainable pressures, of sea water on the same surfaces were also measured and were compared with the pressures generated by octopuses. It is shown that suckers can generate hydrostatic pressures below 0MPa on moderately wettable surfaces. This disproves the commonly repeated assumption that suckers cannot produce pressures below a vacuum and suggests that the importance of suction in attachment mechanisms may have been overlooked. On epoxy, the lowest recorded pressure was —0.168MPa (0.268MPa or 2.66atm below ambient), and the octopus generated negative pressure in 35 % of the pulls that were considered maximal efforts. The suckers never generated negative pressures on non-wettable surfaces. These results are in agreement with the range of pressures that sea water can sustain on the same surfaces. It is suggested, therefore, that cavitation, the failure of water in tension, limits the attachment force of suckers. The difference between the cavitation threshold of water in nature and the cavitation threshold of pure water is discussed.
A Sobolev Space Theory of SPDEs with Constant Coefficients in a Half Space (1999)

Equations of the form $du=(a^{ij}u_{x^{i}x^{j}} +D_{i}f^{i})\,dt+\sum_{k}(\sigma^{ik}u_{x^{i}} +g^{k})\,dw^{k}_{t}$ are considered for t > 0 and $x\in\bR^{d}_{+}$. The unique solvability of these equations is proved in weighted Sobolev spaces with fractional positive or negative derivatives, summable to the power $p\in[2,\infty)$.
Large scale continuous synthesis of carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles (2007)

Fe, Fe3C and NdC2 nanoparticles, encapsulated within carbon cages, were continuously produced during the induction thermal plasma processing of Fe14Nd2B, in the presence of methane or acetylene. The product morphology was studied by means of SEM. Further structural details were obtained from TEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy and x-ray powder diffraction studies. The so-produced nanostructures have core–shell structure, with inner cavity diameters varying between 10 and 30 nm. The carbon coatings were composed of between 5 and 25 graphene layers. The carbon cages were built from sp2 carbon atoms, which protected the encapsulated nanoparticles from both oxidation and agglomeration. The plasma generated products were ferromagnetic, with maximum values of coercivity field of 600 G s, and saturation magnetization values of up to 40 emu g−1.
Recombinant Rhodobacter capsulatus Xanthine Dehydrogenase, a Useful Model System for the Characterization of Protein Variants Leading to Xanthinuria I in Humans (2003)

Rhodobacter capsulatus xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) forms an (alphabeta)2 heterotetramer and is highly homologous to homodimeric eukaryotic XDHs. The crystal structures of bovine XDH and R. capsulatus XDH showed that the two proteins have highly similar folds. We have developed an efficient system for the recombinant expression of R. capsulatus XDH in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein shows spectral features and a range of substrate specificities similar to bovine milk xanthine oxidase. However, R. capsulatus XDH is at least 5 times more active than bovine XDH and, unlike mammalian XDH, does not undergo the conversion to the oxidase form. EPR spectra were obtained for the FeS centers of the enzyme showing an axial signal for FeSI, which is different from that reported for xanthine oxidase. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the iron and molybdenum K-edge and the tungsten LIII-edge have been used to probe the different metal coordinations of variant forms of the enzyme. Based on a mutation identified in a patient suffering from xanthinuria I, the corresponding arginine 135 was substituted to a cysteine in R. capsulatus XDH, and the protein variant was purified and characterized. Two different forms of XDH-R135C were purified, an active (alphabeta)2 heterotetrameric form and an inactive (alphabeta) heterodimeric form. The active form contains a full complement of redox centers, whereas in the inactive form the FeSI center is likely to be missing.
Clinical Advancements in the Targeted Therapies against Liver Fibrosis (2016)

Hepatic fibrosis, characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leading to liver dysfunction, is a growing cause of mortality worldwide. Hepatocellular damage owing to liver injury leads to the release of profibrotic factors from infiltrating inflammatory cells that results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Upon activation, HSCs undergo characteristic morphological and functional changes and are transformed into proliferative and contractile ECM-producing myofibroblasts. Over recent years, a number of therapeutic strategies have been developed to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and HSCs proliferation and activation. Preclinical studies have yielded numerous targets for the development of antifibrotic therapies, some of which have entered clinical trials and showed improved therapeutic efficacy and desirable safety profiles. Furthermore, advancements have been made in the development of noninvasive markers and techniques for the accurate disease assessment and therapy responses. Here, we focus on the clinical developments attained in the field of targeted antifibrotics for the treatment of liver fibrosis, for example, small molecule drugs, antibodies, and targeted drug conjugate. We further briefly highlight different noninvasive diagnostic technologies and will provide an overview about different therapeutic targets, clinical trials, endpoints, and translational efforts that have been made to halt or reverse the progression of liver fibrosis.
Potential antitumor agents. Synthesis of bifunctional .alpha.-methylene-.gamma.-butyrolactones (1976)

A series of alkoxy-substituted di- and monolactones including the (E,E)-3,3'-(dioxaalkanediylidene)bis[dihydro-2(3H)-furanones] (17a-f), monolactones 6, 7, 8, 14, and 15, and dilactone 19 was synthesized by reaction of enolate 4 with appropriate alkyl halides (6, 7, 17a-f, 19), tosyl chloride (8), or acid chlorides (14, 15). Reaction of enolate 9 with tosyl chloride gave both Z and E isomers which allowed unequivocal assignment of stereochemistry to 8, 14, and 15. A series of open-chain bis(alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones) (21a-d) was also prepared by a Reformatsky-type reaction between ethyl alpha-(bromomethyl)acrylate and appropriate dialdehydes. These compounds were tested for antitumor activity as part of a study of the influence of beta-substituents and distance between alkylating sites on the antitumor activity of alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones. The testing was carried out in standard NCI screens and selected compounds were tested against the Walker tumor. The alkoxy-substituted lactones were inactive in L1210 and were not cytotoxic. The open-chain bis(alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones) showed borderline activity in 9KB and were inactive in L1210. Compound 21a gave a 45% inhibition of the Walker tumor at 18.75 mg/kg and was toxic at 37.5 mg/kg.
1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh in a family with bleeding tendency (2009)

We describe a 16-year-old girl and her 41-year-old father who both had a bleeding tendency, dramatic prolongation of all standard clotting assays, undetectable levels of plasma protein C activity, and low or borderline levels of factors X, XI and XII. Plasma and serum electrophoresis revealed a minor peak following the main alpha(1) globulin peak, of which the proportion was increased. Platelet aggregation by thrombin (final concentration 1 U/mL) was absent in both patients, but this inhibition can be overcome by increasing the concentration of thrombin (4 U/mL). The molecular defect responsible for these coagulation abnormalities was identified by genomic sequencing. Both patients are heterozygous for alpha(1)-antitrypsin Met 358 to Arg (alpha(1)-antitrypsin Pittsburgh). Seven other members of this pedigree had normal coagulation tests and do not carry the same genetic mutation. This unique family with alpha1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh sheds some light on the study of this extremely rare mutation and its inheritance.
Verification of Power-Management Specification at Early Stages of Power-Constrained Systems Design (2017)

Nowadays, power is a dominant factor that constrains highly integrated hardware-systems designs. The implied problems of high power density, causing chip overheating, or limited power source in modern Internet-of-Things devices are most commonly dealt with the use of the dynamic power management. This method enables to use power-reduction techniques, such as clock gating, power gating, or voltage and frequency scaling. Since the adoption of power management is quite difficult in modern complex systems, there are new approaches evolving intended to simplify power-constrained systems design. We have also proposed such an approach, utilizing the system level of design abstraction and increased automation in the design process. In this paper, the proposed hybrid verification approach is described that represents an integral part of the suggested design methodology. It consists of formal and informal techniques, enabling the verification process to begin at the very early specification stage of the system development. Our approach helps a designer to create correct and consistent power-management specification and verifies whether the specified power intent is preserved after design refinement. The continuous automated verification steps can quickly find errors at early design stages and thus reduce the amount of design re-spins, which speeds-up the overall development process.
Optimization of complementary power DMOSFETs for low-voltage high-frequency DC-DC conversion (2002)

This paper describes the trade-offs among conduction, gate drive, output capacitance, and crossover losses for complementary power DMOSFETs used in switchmode DC-to-DC converters. These are evaluated as a function of normalized die size and 11 technology related parameters. DMOSFET size optimization for a 1-MHz complementary synchronous buck converter (V/sub out/=2.7 V) and boost converter (V/sub out/=6 V) is detailed for single-cell lithium ion battery applications in the 100 mA to 1 A range of load current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neurovascular flow simulation review (1998)

Computer simulation of the cerebral circulation has been carried out for three decades. We review the developments of cerebral circulation computer models of the last 30 years. Existing models are discussed in terms of fluid dynamics and possible clinical usage. Also the status and new achievements in some related research areas are summarized. Any new achievements in such areas would contribute to the progress of building a better model. A patient specific, highly predictive and reflective model could be a powerful clinical tool which would greatly benefit neurosurgeons and patients.
The Suitability of GPS for Basic Area Navigation (1997)

On behalf of EUROCONTROL, Delft University has investigated the technical suitability of GPS as a means of flying Basic Area Navigation Routes planned to be introduced in the ECAC area from 1998. Some operational aspects of GPS operation have been covered as well. In this area the work complemented other studies being carried out by EUROCONTROL, including RAIM availability determination [Hein97] and flight deck simulator studies of failure reversion. All studies together have provided the data required for a full safety analysis of the application of GPS. This paper provides a short overview of the most important findings of the study into the technical and operational suitability of GPS. The full report is available on the web; please check page http://wwwtvs.et.tudelft.nl/nav.htm for details.
XML transformation by tree-walking transducers with invisible pebbles (2007)

The pebble tree automaton and the pebble tree transducer are enhanced by additionally allowing an unbounded number of "invisible" pebbles (as opposed to the usual ("visible" ones). The resulting pebble tree automata recognize the regular tree languages (i.e., can validate all generalized DTD's) and hence can find all matches of MSO definable n-ary patterns. Moreover, when viewed as a navigational device, they lead to an XPath-like formalism that has a path expression for every MSO definable binary pattern. The resulting pebbletree transducers can apply arbitrary MSO definable tests to (the observable part of) their configurations, they (still) have a decidable typechecking problem, and they can model the recursion mechanism of XSLT. The time complexity ofthe typechecking problem for conjunctive queries that use MSO definable binary patterns can often be reduced through the use of invisible pebbles.
Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection in the adult domestic cat, <i>Felis catus</i> (2011)

We report feeding studies on adult domestic cats designed to disentangle the complex interactions among dietary protein, fat and carbohydrate in the control of intake. Using geometric techniques that combine mixture triangles and intake plots from the geometric framework, we: (1) demonstrate that cats balance their macronutrient intake, (2) estimate the composition of the target balance and (3) reveal the priorities given to different macronutrients under dietary conditions where the target is unachievable. Our analysis indicates that cats have a ceiling for carbohydrate intake, which limits ingestion and constrains them to deficits in protein and fat intake (relative to their target) on high-carbohydrate foods. Finally, we reanalyse data from a previous experiment that claimed that kittens failed to regulate protein intake, and show that, in fact, they did. These results not only add to the growing appreciation that carnivores, like herbivores and omnivores, regulate macronutrient intake, they also have important implications for designing feeding regimens for companion animals.
Flight Effects on Noise Generated by a JTSD Engine with Inverted Primary/Fan Flow (1980)

A JT8D-17R engine with inverted primary and fan flows was tested under static conditions and in the NASAAmes 40 X 80 ft wind tunnel to determine static and flight noise characteristics. The major purpose of the program was to evaluate flight effects on noise generated by the inverted flow profile of a large-scale engine. This jet noise suppressor concept is of particular interest to advanced supersonic transport engine cycle studies where high jet velocities create a serious noise problem during takeoff operation. The engine with inverted flow was tested with conical, plug, 20-lobe nozzles, and an acoustic shield. Wind-tunnel results show that forward velocity causes a significant reduction in peak PNL suppression, but only modest reductions in peak OASPL and EPNL suppression. The flight EPNL suppression ranged from 4.0 EPNdB for the basic inverter to 7.5 EPNdB for the inverter with 20-lobe nozzle and acoustic shield. When compared with the JT8D engine with internal mixer, the inverted flow configuration provides comparable EPNL suppression under flight conditions.