gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (2001)

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a member of the capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of an important disease of cattle in Africa. Here we report the genomic sequence of LSDV. The 151-kbp LSDV genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 2.4 kbp-inverted terminal repeats and contains 156 putative genes. Comparison of LSDV with chordopoxviruses of other genera reveals 146 conserved genes which encode proteins involved in transcription and mRNA biogenesis, nucleotide metabolism, DNA replication, protein processing, virion structure and assembly, and viral virulence and host range. In the central genomic region, LSDV genes share a high degree of colinearity and amino acid identity (average of 65%) with genes of other known mammalian poxviruses, particularly suipoxvirus, yatapoxvirus, and leporipoxviruses. In the terminal regions, colinearity is disrupted and poxvirus homologues are either absent or share a lower percentage of amino acid identity (average of 43%). Most of these differences involve genes and gene families with likely functions involving viral virulence and host range. Although LSDV resembles leporipoxviruses in gene content and organization, it also contains homologues of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1 binding proteins, G protein-coupled CC chemokine receptor, and epidermal growth factor-like protein which are found in other poxvirus genera. These data show that although LSDV is closely related to other members of the Chordopoxvirinae, it contains a unique complement of genes responsible for viral host range and virulence.
Fusion of audio and video information for detecting speech events (2003)

In this paper, a method of detecting speech events in a multiple-sound-source condition us- ing sound and vision information is proposed. Detec- tion of speech event is an important issue for automatic speech recognition operated in a real environment. Fur- thermore, as stated an this paper, the performance of sound source separation using adaptive beamforming is greatly improved by knowing when and where the target speech event occurs. For this purpose, sound localiza- tion using a microphone array and human tracking by stereo vision is combined by a Bayesian network. From the inference results of the Bayesian network, the in- formation on time and location of speech events can be known in a multiple-sound-source condition. Results of an off-line experiment an a real environment with TV and music interference are shown.
Promoter elements associated with RNA Pol II stalling in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo (2008)

RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is bound to the promoter regions of many or most developmental control genes before their activation during Drosophila embryogenesis. It has been suggested that Pol II stalling is used to produce dynamic and rapid responses of developmental patterning genes to transient cues such as extracellular signaling molecules. Here, we present a combined computational and experimental analysis of stalled promoters to determine how they come to bind Pol II in the early Drosophila embryo. At least one-fourth of the stalled promoters contain a shared sequence motif, the "pause button" (PB): KCGRWCG. The PB motif is sometimes located in the position of the DPE, and over one-fifth of the stalled promoters contain the following arrangement of core elements: GAGA, Inr, PB, and/or DPE. This arrangement was used to identify additional stalled promoters in the Drosophila genome, and permanganate footprint assays were used to confirm that the segmentation gene engrailed contains paused Pol II as seen for heat-shock genes. We discuss different models for Pol II binding and gene activation in the early embryo.
A gecko inspired wall-climbing robot based on electrostatic adhesion mechanism (2013)

In this paper, the design, analysis and fabrication of a quadruped wall-climbing robot is presented. Inspired by the climbing gaits of geckos, the robot has kinematics similar to a gecko's motion. Unlike geckos stick on the wall surface with Van del Waals force, the robot is based on electrostatic adhesion force induced by a specifically designed electrostatic adhesive footpad. By combining the bionic gait design of the gecko and the unique properties of electrostatic adhesion mechanism, the robot has advantages of light weight, low energy consumption, flexible movement and high adaptability to different wall surfaces. Climbing experiments on the surface of a high-rise glass window are demonstrated, and the robot can achieve straight climbing and turning robustly and agilely. The potential applications of this robot are reconnaissance, inspection, cleaning and repairing.
Probability Distributions of Field Crop Yields (1965)

After first establishing an "a priori" expectation of nonnormality, the paper presents statistical analyses of several experimental series of field crop yields. This clinical examination suggests the following plausible inferences: The several series may be regarded as more or less random samples from stable parent probability distributions. Both normality and lognormality appear to be exceptions rather than the rule with respect to those distributions that may properly be inferred from the stochastic properties of the several series. The Pearson system of probability density functions is then applied to the data. The sample moments imply the type I (generalized Beta) skewed function of limited range as the general case. Estimates of this function are obtained for each series. The degree of skewness and kurtosis is shown to depend on nitrogen level. Implications for farm planning are discussed. Each statistical technique used is described and critically reviewed.
Differential Regulation of Lipoprotein Kinetics by Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome (2003)

The metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance and abnormal apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) and apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) metabolism that may collectively accelerate atherosclerosis. The effects of atorvastatin (40 mg/day) and micronised fenofibrate (200 mg/day) on the kinetics of apoAI and apoB were investigated in a controlled cross-over trial of 11 dyslipidemic men with the metabolic syndrome. ApoAI and apoB kinetics were studied following intravenous d(3)-leucine administration using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry with data analyzed by compartmental modeling. Compared with placebo, atorvastatin significantly decreased (P < 0.001) plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, VLDL apoB, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) apoB, and LDL apoB. Fenofibrate significantly decreased (P < 0.001) plasma triglyceride and VLDL apoB and elevated HDL(2) cholesterol (P < 0.001), HDL(3) cholesterol (P < 0.01), apoAI (P = 0.01), and apoAII (P < 0.001) concentrations, but it did not significantly alter LDL cholesterol. Atorvastatin significantly increased (P < 0.002) the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL apoB, IDL apoB, and LDL apoB but did not affect the production of apoB in any lipoprotein fraction or in the turnover of apoAI. Fenofibrate significantly increased (P < 0.01) the FCR of VLDL, IDL, and LDL apoB but did not affect the production of VLDL apoB. Relative to placebo and atorvastatin, fenofibrate significantly increased the production (P < 0.001) and FCR (P = 0.016) of apoAI. Both agents significantly lowered plasma triglycerides and apoCIII concentrations, but only atorvastatin significantly lowered (P < 0.001) plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Neither treatment altered insulin resistance. In conclusion, these differential effects of atorvastatin and fenofibrate on apoAI and apoB kinetics support the use of combination therapy for optimally regulating dyslipoproteinemia in the metabolic syndrome.
Characteristics of the electrochemical etching of TiNi shape memory alloy in a LiCl–ethanol solution (2010)

This paper presents the characteristics of the electrochemical etching of a TiNi shape memory alloy sheet in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution of LiCl–ethanol. It emerged that the etch rate, etch factor (etched depth/under-cut) and cross-sectional profile of the etched grooves were varied by the width of mask opening. The etch rate peaks with the opening width of 20–30 µm and the etched profile was U-shaped in the narrow opening grooves; in contrast, the etched profile became W-shaped in the wide opening grooves due to the electrolytic current becoming concentrated at the edge of the grooves. When electrochemical etching was carried out with a uniform mask pattern of 20 µm opening, the etching proceeded uniformly from the beginning of the etching in a 1 M solution. In contrast, the SMA surface was etched non-uniformly as etch-holes at low applied voltage in a 0.1 M solution. The etch rate and etch factor changed nonlinearly due to saturation during etching.
The impact of cytokines on the expression of drug transporters, cytochrome P450 enzymes and chemokine receptors in human PBMC (2009)

These data have important implications for diseases in which cytokines are dysregulated and for which pharmacological intervention targets immune cells.
Coherence analysis of invasive blood pressure and its noninvasive indicators for improvement of cuffless measurement accuracy (2017)

Cuffless technology for blood pressure (BP) measurement offers great potential for unobtrusive monitoring of hypertension. However, the accuracy is still a challenging issue probably owning to the inadequacy of existing noninvasive BP indicators in tracking BP changes, i.e., either the poor trackability of the indicators or the lack of relationship to map the indicators to BP. To figure out the covariation of BP-related noninvasive indicators and BP, we propose to analyze the coherence of intra-arterial systolic BP (SBP) and a selected group of noninvasive indicators, including the mostly used pulse transit time (PTT), photoplethysmogram intensity ratio (PIR) and RR interval (RRI) of electrocardiogram (ECG), in both time domain, with singular spectrum analysis (SSA), and frequency domain, with cross-spectral analysis. Through SSA the SBP and the indicators are decomposed into fast oscillations superimposed on a slow time-varying component. It is found that the fast variation components oscillate at similar frequencies for the SBP and the indicators, while that their slow variation components are out of phase synchronization. Cross-spectra between SBP and the indicators further illustrate stronger coherence correlation at high frequencies (HF, 0.15-0.40 Hz) (PTT: 0.54±0.30, PIR: 0.73±0.25, RRI: 0.63±0.25) than at low frequencies (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) (PTT: 0.24±0.19, PIR: 0.37±0.23, RRI: 0.33±0.23). The results suggest that the widely used indicators are poor to track the LF component of BP. Our study reveals the importance of exploring LF-related BP indicators as well as new models to integrate LF and HF information for improvement of cuffless BP measurement accuracy.
Atomistic simulations of deformation and fracture of (1998)

The stress-strain curves of single crystals under uniaxial tensile deformation are obtained for the whole deformation process by atomistic molecular statics simulations. Effects of model sizes, boundary conditions, crystal orientations and displacement increment on the stress-strain curves are investigated. Various deformation evidence such as dislocation movement, dislocation piling up and twinning are clearly observed. The deformation and fracture characteristics of and their dependence on the boundary conditions or the stress states are studied.
Low power 2-D array VLSI architecture for block matching motion estimation using computation suspension (2002)

We propose a low power 2-D array VLSI architecture for block matching motion estimation based on computation suspension. A portion of the processing elements can be disabled adaptively during the computation of the sum of absolute difference (SAD) of a candidate block when the partial SAD obtained so far is found larger than the current minimum SAD to save power. An efficient VLSI architecture which can support the redundancy detection and PE disabling with minimum overhead is developed. Experimental results show that more than 30% of power consumption reduction can be achieved by suspending unnecessary computations.
<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>‐corrected fat quantification using chemical shift‐based water/fat separation: Application to skeletal muscle (2011)

Chemical shift-based water/fat separation, like iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation, has been proposed for quantifying intermuscular adipose tissue. An important confounding factor in iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation-based intermuscular adipose tissue quantification is the large difference in T(1) between muscle and fat, which can cause significant overestimation in the fat fraction. This T(1) bias effect is usually reduced by using small flip angles. T(1) -correction can be performed by using at least two different flip angles and fitting for T(1) of water and fat. In this work, a novel approach for the water/fat separation problem in a dual flip angle experiment is introduced and a new approach for the selection of the two flip angles, labeled as the unequal small flip angle approach, is developed, aiming to improve the noise efficiency of the T(1) -correction step relative to existing approaches. It is shown that the use of flip angles, selected such the muscle water signal is assumed to be T(1) -independent for the first flip angle and the fat signal is assumed to be T(1) -independent for the second flip angle, has superior noise performance to the use of equal small flip angles (no T(1) estimation required) and the use of large flip angles (T(1) estimation required).
Directed Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells: From Developmental Biology to Therapeutic Applications (2008)

The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells has laid the foundation for an emerging new field of biomedical research that holds promise to develop models of human development and disease, establish new strategies for discovering and testing drugs, and provide systems for the generation of cells and tissues for transplantation for the treatment of disease. The remarkable potential of pluripotent stem cells has sparked interest and excitement in academia, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, as well as the lay public. Although the potential of human pluripotent stem cells is truly outstanding, fulfilling this potential is solely dependent on our ability to efficiently generate functional cell types from them. Some of the most successful approaches in this area to date are those that have applied the principles of developmental biology to stem cell differentiation. In this chapter, we review these concepts and highlight specific examples demonstrating that pluripotent stem cell differentiation in culture recapitulates the key aspects of early embryonic development. By continuing to translate insights from embryology to stem cell biology, progress in our ability to generate specific cell types from pluripotent stem cells will advance, yielding enriched populations of human cell types, including cardiomyocytes, hematopoietic cells, hepatocytes, pancreatic beta cells, and neural cells, for drug discovery, functional evaluation in preclinical models of human disease, and ultimately clinical applications.
Some Fluorinated Carbonates as Electrolyte Additives for Li(Ni<sub>0.4</sub>Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>)O<sub>2</sub>/Graphite Pouch Cells (2016)

The effects of four fluorinated carbonates including fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate and 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methyl carbonate as electrolyte additives were studied in Li(Ni0.4Mn0.4Co0.2)O2/graphite pouch cells using ultra-high precision coulometry, in situ measurements of gas evolution, gas chromatography, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and long-term cycling experiments. The differential capacity vs. voltage curves during formation showed that fluoroethylene carbonate and difluoroethylene carbonate are solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) forming additives, while bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate and 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methyl carbonate do not alter the SEI on the negative electrode during formation. Cells containing difluoroethylene carbonate have the highest coulombic efficiency and lowest charge end point capacity slippage rate at both 4.2 and 4.4 V. However the performance was not as good as that of cells containing a state of the art additive blend. Long-term cycle-hold-rest tests at 55°C showed that at 4.4 V all cells with fluorinated additives that gave promising capacity retention generated unacceptable quantities of gas. Only difluoroethylene carbonate during cycling tests to 4.2 V at 55°C provided promising capacity retention and moderate gas generation. These results suggest that the use of only these fluorinated additives in Li(Ni0.4Mn0.4Co0.2)O2/graphite pouch cells with ethylene carbonate-based electrolytes is not competitive to alternative approaches.
Transient Hopping Transport in Percolation Clusters (2001)

Monte Carlo simulation for percolative hopping transport has been carried out to explain the increase in transit-time dispersion and decrease in drift mobility with increasing applied electric field, found in molecularly doped polymers with low concentrations of charge transporting molecules. These two phenomena cannot be understood in terms of the Gaussian disorder model (GDM), which has been widely accepted for the analysis of the transport data of molecularly doped polymers. It is found that the two phenomena are successfully explained by the present computer simulation. The GDM analysis is applied to the analysis of the simulation data, and it is shown that energetic disorder can be estimated from the GDM analysis even in the case of percolative hopping transport and that the percolative motion of hopping carriers is one of the origins of geometrical disorder. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(2): 1–9, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10014
Near-Infrared Fluorophores Containing Benzo[<i>c</i>]heterocycle Subunits (2008)

The syntheses and spectroscopic properties of eight new push-pull-type near-infrared fluorophores that contain either isobenzofuran or isothianaphthene subunits are presented. The isobenzofuran dyes demonstrate significantly red-shifted absorption compared with their isothianaphthene counterparts, which is attributed to isobenzofuran's more potent pro-quinoidal character.
NO Chimeras as Therapeutic Agents in Alzheimers Disease (2006)

NO is an important messenger molecule in the brain, playing an important role in learning and memory, in particular via the ERK/CREB signaling pathway. NO is also a neuroprotective agent; multiple mechanisms having been demonstrated that can contribute to cell survival as levels of antioxidants and trophic factors are reduced with aging. Small molecules that mimic the biological activity of NO, including NO donors, may thus ameliorate cognition and provide neuroprotection. Several lines of evidence have linked the neurodegeneration and dementia characteristic of Alzheimer's disease with the action of beta-amyloid protein at the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The interplay of Abeta with alpha7-nicotinic ACh receptors operating via the ERK signaling cascade links the amyloid cascade and the cholinergic hypothesis in pathways that impact synaptic plasticity and memory. This interplay also provides linkages to disruption of NO/cGMP signaling in AD, and in addition, recent direct evidence has been found demonstrating that Abeta downregulates the NO/cGMP/CREB pathway. Activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase elevating cGMP in the brain represents the central element of a therapeutic approach to the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, furthermore, evidence suggests that NO may display cGMP-independent activity and may operate via multiple biochemical signaling pathways to ensure the survival of neurons subjected to stress. GT 1061 is an NO chimera, an NO mimetic compound that contains an ancillary, synergistic pharmacophore, currently in clinical trials for Alzheimer's. NO chimeras and hybrid nitrates hold promise as therapeutics for AD with multiple sites of action.
Rhinoplasty and Rib Grafts (1994)

A flexible operative technique for utilizing rib grafts in difficult rhinoplasty and nasal reconstruction cases requiring support is presented. An osseocartilaginous rib segment is used for dorsal contour or support, while a rigid cartilaginous strut provides for both tip projection and columellar contour. The bone is contoured extensively, while the cartilage is altered minimally. An open approach is employed. A bony fixation platform is established by radix reduction followed by bony fixation with ultramicroscrews. Distally, the grafts are united when nasal lengthening or total support is required; otherwise, the grafts are juxtaposed to allow lateral movement. The operative technique and technical difficulties are described in detail based on experience in 14 patients.
Lectins as probes for identification of tumor‐associated antigens on urothelial and colonic carcinoma cell lines (1983)

In the search for tumor-associated antigens, seven lectins were used to investigate the cellular distribution of membrane-associated glycoproteins on a panel of human cells derived from tumor or normal tissues. Surface labelled lysates of the different cells were precipitated with the lectins and the precipitates were separated on SDS-PAGE. Comparison of the autoradiographic patterns revealed that a La-reactive 115K glycopeptide (gp 115) was present on transitional-cell carcinoma cells of the urinary bladder, on two spontaneously transformed urothelial cell lines and on a melanoma cell line. Gp 115 was absent from a non-transformed urothelial cell line, a squamous bladder carcinoma line and five unrelated cell lines of miscellaneous tissue origin. When precipitation was performed with a rabbit antiserum raised against the La-reactive components of a TCC cell line the same distribution of gp 115 was observed. From Helix pomatia hemagglutinin (HP) precipitates a 150K glycopolypeptide co-migrating with a previously described HP-reactive differentiation antigen associated with human T cells was present on one of the urothelial cell lines and on a colon carcinoma cell line. When different extracts depleted of ConA binding glycopeptides were compared, a group of three antigens (32K, 35K and 40K) were identified in the extracts of the colon carcinoma cell line, HT29. These antigens were shared by two other colon carcinoma cell lines but were absent from the unrelated cells of our panel. Furthermore, an extensively absorbed rabbit anti-HT29 serum specifically precipitated one of these antigens (35K) from the three colon cell lines.
Molecular Cloning and Sequencing of cDNA Encoding Goat Pre α-Lactalbumin1 (1987)

In poly(A)+RNA extracted from a lactating goat mammary gland, mRNA of about 750 nucleotides was shown to encode pre alpha-lactalbumin by using in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation. From the total poly(A)+RNA, the cDNA library was constructed using the Escherichia coli plasmid pUC18; it was screened with the oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe corresponding to the amino acid sequence of Trp60-Gln65 of goat alpha-lactalbumin. A plasmid containing almost full-length cDNA of goat pre alpha-lactalbumin, pGLA-1, was identified. The cDNA insert of pGLA-1 comprises 727 base pairs and contains the signal peptide and mature protein sequence.