gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral GaAs Photodetector Fabricated by Ga Focused-Jon-Beam Implantation (1986)

A photodetector with lateral GaAs n + -π-n + structure is studied. This structure is fabricated by Ga ion implantation into n + -GaAs epilayer on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate using focused-ion-beam (FIB) technology. This photodetector behaves as a phototransistor in low-bias region and avalanche multiplication appears beyond a breakdown voltage. Multiplication gain of more than 50 and impulse response of less than 200 ps were obtained. These characteristics make this device suitable for application in monolithic optoelectronic circuits.
Soybean lipoxygenase‐1 is not a quinoprotein (1990)

Soybean lipoxygenase-1 was reinvestigated with respect to its quinoprotein nature. It has been reported previously that soybean lipoxygenase-1 contains pyrroloquinoline quinone as the organic cofactor. Because spectroscopic data were found to be inconsistent with the evidence presented in [1], we sought to reproduce the published data by carefully following the procedures described in [1] and supplementing them with new analytical results. The combined data lead us to conclude that soybean lipoxygenase-1 is not a quinoprotein.
Mask-ToF: Learning Microlens Masks for Flying Pixel Correction in Time-of-Flight Imaging (2021)

We introduce Mask-ToF, a method to reduce flying pixels (FP) in time-of-flight (ToF) depth captures. FPs are pervasive artifacts which occur around depth edges, where light paths from both an object and its background are integrated over the aperture. This light mixes at a sensor pixel to produce erroneous depth estimates, which can adversely affect downstream 3D vision tasks. Mask-ToF starts at the source of these FPs, learning a microlens-level occlusion mask which effectively creates a custom-shaped sub-aperture for each sensor pixel. This modulates the selection of foreground and background light mixtures on a per-pixel basis and thereby encodes scene geometric information directly into the ToF measurements. We develop a differentiable ToF simulator to jointly train a convolutional neural network to decode this information and produce high-fidelity, low-FP depth reconstructions. We test the effectiveness of Mask-ToF on a simulated light field dataset and validate the method with an experimental prototype. To this end, we manufacture the learned amplitude mask and design an optical relay system to virtually place it on a high-resolution ToF sensor. We find that Mask-ToF generalizes well to real data without retraining, cutting FP counts in half.
New Directions in Concrete Health Monitoring Technology (2000)

The NSF-sponsored Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials is actively involved in research aimed at the development of technologies for health monitoring and nondestructive evaluation of the concrete infrastructure. This paper summarizes pertinent research performed at the center. Basic findings from several new laboratory-based nondestructive evaluation techniques for concrete are reported. The described techniques are based on measurements of mechanical waves that propagate in the concrete. First, ultrasonic longitudinal wave (also called the L-wave or P-wave) signal transmission (attenuation) measurements are shown to be sensitive to the presence of damage in the form of distributed cracking in concrete. Next, experimental procedures that enable practical one-sided wave signal transmission measurements to be performed on concrete structures are described. The utility of the signal transmission measurement is demonstrated by two experimental test series; the depths of surface-opening cracks in concrete slabs are estimated and the extent and nature of autogenous healing in concrete disks are studied. Finally, an approach by which fatigue-induced damage in concrete structures is nondestructively monitored is described. Vibration frequencies are shown to be sensitive to the presence of fatigue-induced cracking in concrete specimens; changes in the vibration frequency of a concrete specimen during fatigue tests are related to the remaining fatigue life of the test specimens.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of backward-facing step flow (1983)

Laser-Doppler measurements of velocity distribution and reattachment length are reported downstream of a single backward-facing step mounted in a two-dimensional channel. Results are presented for laminar, transitional and turbulent flow of air in a Reynolds-number range of 70 < Re < 8000. The experimental results show that the various flow regimes are characterized by typical variations of the separation length with Reynolds number. The reported laser-Doppler measurements do not only yield the expected primary zone of recirculating flow attached to the backward-facing step but also show additional regions of flow separation downstream of the step and on both sides of the channel test section. These additional separation regions have not been previously reported in the literature. Although the high aspect ratio of the test section (1:36) ensured that the oncoming flow was fully developed and two-dimensional, the experiments showed that the flow downstream of the step only remained two-dimensional at low and high Reynolds numbers. The present study also included numerical predictions of backward-facing step flow. The two-dimensional steady differential equations for conservation of mass and momentum were solved. Results are reported and are compared with experiments for those Reynolds numbers for which the flow maintained its two-dimensionality in the experiments. Under these circumstances, good agreement between experimental and numerical results is obtained.
Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of β-sitosterol in streptozotocin-induced experimental hyperglycemia (2010)

β-Sitosterol has promising antidiabetic as well as antioxidant effects and may be considered in clinical studies for drug development.
Work and Family: Blacks and Immigrants from South and East Europe (1991)

This chapter compares European immigrants and native-born blacks, pointing out that the situation seems to have worked in the reverse for black urban migrants. In contrast to Europeans, blacks were unable to achieve labor-union membership, and by the early 20th century were losing access to such occupations as bootblacking and barbering, which they traditionally occupied. Blacks were forced into service jobs that allowed little mutual assistance in job recruitment. Unable to aid one another in finding work, they had to resort to individual job searches; fathers, for example, could seldom place their sons in jobs. Blacks were less successful than immigrants in their work searches, even though, ironically, they followed the favored individualistic American strategy. This chapter also looks to differences in employment opportunities to explain why black families appear less cohesive than families of white immigrants in the job market and at home.
Einleitung (2000)

Private Unternehmensgründungen sind eine wesentliche Triebkraft zukunftsorientierter und wettbewerbsfähiger Volkswirtschaften, da diese bedeutende Wachstums- und Beschäftigungsimpulse liefern. Durch die Entwicklung und Vermarktung innovativer Produkte und Dienstleistungen tragen insbesondere technologieorientierte junge Unternehmen anhaltend zum Ausbau der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und damit zur Sicherung des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland bei.
Fiber-amplifier cascades with gain equalization in multiwavelength unidirectional inter-office ring networks (1993)

Erbium-doped fiber-amplifier cascades using a simple gain equalization scheme employing demultiplexers with attenuators are shown capable of supporting a 16-office wavelength-routed unidirectional ring network. The gain equalization yields a network with nearly uniform signal power distribution, which is robust to wavelength dropping assignments, permitting a flexible evolution plan.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the rapid deprotection of synthetic oligonucleotides and analogs (1994)

The efficiency of oligodeoxynucleotide deprotection is greatly enhanced using a combination of: (a) ethanolamine, and especially a mixture of hydrazine, ethanolamine and methanol, in place of the usual aqueous ammonia; (b) tert-butylphenoxyacetyl amino protecting groups, and (c) oxalyl link between the first nucleotide and the polymeric support. The extent of base modification, particularly of C, is shown to be extremely low, and the quality of deprotected oligonucleotides is as high as in the case of ammonia deprotection. This method is also shown to be applicable to the preparation of phosphorothioate and methylphosphonate oligodeoxynucleotides and oligoribonucleotides.
Effect of discharge products upon corona discharge and spark breakdown voltage (1963)

An investigation is described of the variations, with gas composition, of d.c. sparkover voltage between uniform-field and wire-cylinder electrodes. Measurements were made in flowing two-component mixtures of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon. Substantial differences in behaviour were found between uniform and nonuniform field conditions, and between mixtures in which chemical combination was, or was not, possible. The results are generally explicable on the assumption that chemical compounds, formed in corona discharges that precede sparkover, often affect the sparkover voltage decisively. The term ‘electric strength’ for gases requires careful definition; oxygen had a lower sparkover voltage than nitrogen in a uniform field and vice versa in a nonuniform field.Measurements of sparkover voltage in closed vessels, on mixtures of nitrogen and water vapour, showed the large effects of discharge products, including ammonium compounds and oxides of nitrogen, and the small effect of water vapour itself.
An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems (2002)

The study of multi-agent systems (MAS) focuses on systems in which many intelligent agents interact with each other. These agents are considered to be autonomous entities such as software programs or robots. Their interactions can either be cooperative (for example as in an ant colony) or selfish (as in a free market economy). This book assumes only basic knowledge of algorithms and discrete maths, both of which are taught as standard in the first or second year of computer science degree programmes. A basic knowledge of artificial intelligence would useful to help understand some of the issues, but is not essential. The books main aims are: To introduce the student to the concept of agents and multi-agent systems, and the main applications for which they are appropriate To introduce the main issues surrounding the design of intelligent agents To introduce the main issues surrounding the design of a multi-agent society To introduce a number of typical applications for agent technology
Ultrabroadband pulse shaping with a push-pull deformable mirror (2010)

We report the programmable pulse shaping of ultrabroadband pulses by the use of a novel design of electrostatic deformable mirror based on push pull technology. We shape few-optical pulses from near-IR and visible optical parametric amplifiers, and demonstrate strong-field control of excited state population transfer in a dye molecule.
Intra-Stator Transport of Rotor Wakes and Its Effect on Compressor Performance (1970)

The stagnation temperature profiles which have been observed recently downstream of the stators in high Mach number compressor stages are shown to be due to transport of the rotor wakes across the main streamlines during their passage through the stator. The rotor wake fluid has energy in excess of the inviscid flow, and it is collected by the pressure side of the stator. A wake transport theory is presented, which connects the temperature profile to the rotor blade loss factor, and so provides a new method for determination of the losses in a rotor under actual operating conditions. The theory compares favorably with a special helium-tracer experiment designed to check it, as well as with temperature measurements in two high Mach number stages.
Speed detection of moving vehicles from one scene of QuickBird images (2009)

A new method is developed to extract moving vehicles and subsequently detect their speeds from a pair of QuickBird (QB) panchromatic (PAN) and multi-spectral (MS) images automatically. Since PAN and MS sensors of QB have a slight time lag, about 0.2 seconds, the speed of moving vehicles can be detected by the movement between PAN and MS images in the time lag. From a PAN image with 0.6 m resolution, vehicles can be extracted by an object-based approach. But it is difficult to extract the accurate position of vehicles from a MS image with 2.4 m resolution. Thus an area correlation method is proposed to estimate the location of vehicles from MS images in a sub-pixel level. Using the results of the vehicle extraction, the speed of moving vehicles can be detected. The approach is tested on several parts of the QB image covering the central Tokyo, Japan, and the accuracy of the result is demonstrated.
In vivo measurement of retinal physiology with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (2006)

Noninvasive in vivo functional optical imaging of the intact retina is demonstrated by using high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT). Imaging was performed with 2.8 microm resolution at a rate of 24,000 axial scans per second. A white-light stimulus was applied to the dark-adapted rat retina, and the average reflectivities from different intraretinal layers were monitored as a function of time. A 10%-15% increase in the average amplitude reflectance of the photoreceptor outer segments was observed in response to the stimulus. The spatial distribution of the change in the OCT signal is consistent with an increase in backscatter from the photoreceptor outer segments. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo demonstration of OCT functional imaging in the intact retina.
Improved Leakage Model Based on Genetic Algorithm. (2014)

Abstract. The classical leakage model usually exploits the power of one single S-box, which is called divide and conquer. Taking DES algorithm for example, the attack on each S-box needs to search the key space of 2 6 in a brute force way. Besides, 48-bit round key is limited to the result correctness of each single S-box. In this paper, we put forward a new leakage model based on the power consumption of multi S-box. The implementation of this method is combined with genetic algorithm. In DES algorithm, we can establish leakage model based on the Hamming distance of summing up 8 S-boxes. The genetic algorithm can search the key space of 2 48 to complete the attack of 8 S-boxes at the same time intelligently. And we also experimentally validate the fact that the leakage model of 8 S-boxes can decrease about 60 % number of traces which is needed in the classical based on one single S-box in time domain and it also decreases about 33 % number of traces in frequency domain. The IC card which is used in experiment is the training card 8 provided by Riscure Company.
Parts per trillion sensitivity for ethane in air with an optical parametric oscillator cavity leak-out spectrometer (2004)

Spectroscopic detection of ethane in the 3-microm wavelength region was performed by means of a cw optical parametric oscillator and cavity leak-out. We achieved a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 1.6 x 10(-10) cm 1/square root of Hz, corresponding to an ethane detection limit of 6 parts per trillion/square root of Hz. For 3-min integration time the detection limit was 0.5 parts per trillion. The levels are to our knowledge the best demonstrated so far. These frequency-tuning capabilities facilitated multigas analysis with simultaneous monitoring of ethane, methane, and water vapor in human breath.
Non-Chromatographic Purification of Endohedral Metallofullerenes (2017)

The purification of endohedral metallofullerenes by high performance liquid chromatography is very time-consuming and expensive. A number of rapid and inexpensive non-chromatographic methods have thus been developed for large-scale purification of metallofullerenes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in non-chromatographic purification methods of metallofullerenes. Lewis acid-based complexation is one of the most efficient and powerful methods for separation of metallofullerenes from empty fullerenes. The first oxidation potential of metallofullerenes is a critical factor that affects the separation efficiency of the Lewis acid-based method. Supramolecular methods are effective for separation of fullerenes and metallofullerenes that are different in size and shape. Chemical/electrochemical reduction and exohedral functionalization are also utilized to separate and purify metallofullerenes on a large scale.
Using an External DHT as a SIP Location Service (2006)

Peer-to-peer Internet telephony using the Session Initiation Protocol (P2P-SIP) can exhibit two different architectures: an existing P2P network can be used as a replacement for lookup and updates, or a P2P algorithm can be implemented using SIP messages. In this paper, we explore the first architecture using the OpenDHT service as an externally managed P2P network. We provide design details such as encryption and signing using pseudo-code and examples to provide P2P-SIP for various deployment components such as P2P client, proxy and adaptor, based on our implementation. The design can be used with other distributed hash tables (DHTs) also.
Characterization of a potential source of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance for wheat (1988)

Resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) has been described in lines derived from crosses between wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium. The resistance in one such line, Zhong 4, originating in China, was expressed against two different serotypes of BYDV as measured by accumulation of virus in infected seedlings. F 1 hybrids between wheat (2n = 42) and Zhong 4 (2n = 56) had 49 chromosomes and intermediate levels of virus when compared to the parent lines. Cytological and molecular hybridization studies suggested that the BYDV resistance in Zhong 4 is carried on a set of seven pairs of nonwheat chromosomes that derived from a combination of the E and X genomes present in Th. intermedium.Key words: Barley yellow dwarf virus, wheat, ribosomal DNA, Agropyron intermedium, Thinopyrum intermedium, virus resistance.
Inhibition of the K<sup>+</sup>channel KCa3.1 ameliorates T cell–mediated colitis (2010)

The calcium-activated K(+) channel KCa3.1 plays an important role in T lymphocyte Ca(2+) signaling by helping to maintain a negative membrane potential, which provides an electrochemical gradient to drive Ca(2+) influx. To assess the role of KCa3.1 channels in lymphocyte activation in vivo, we studied T cell function in KCa3.1(-/-) mice. CD4 T helper (i.e., Th0) cells isolated from KCa3.1(-/-) mice lacked KCa3.1 channel activity, which resulted in decreased T cell receptor-stimulated Ca(2+) influx and IL-2 production. Although loss of KCa3.1 did not interfere with CD4 T cell differentiation, both Ca(2+) influx and cytokine production were impaired in KCa3.1(-/-) Th1 and Th2 CD4 T cells, whereas T-regulatory and Th17 function were normal. We found that inhibition of KCa3.1(-/-) protected mice from developing severe colitis in two mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease, which were induced by (i) the adoptive transfer of mouse naïve CD4 T cells into rag2(-/-) recipients and (ii) trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Pharmacologic inhibitors of KCa3.1 have already been shown to be safe in humans. Thus, if these preclinical studies continue to show efficacy, it may be possible to rapidly test whether KCa3.1 inhibitors are efficacious in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Printed silver nanowire antennas with low signal loss at high-frequency radio (2012)

Silver nanowires are printable and conductive, and are believed to be promising materials in the field of printed electronics. However, the resistivity of silver nanowire printed lines is higher than that of metallic particles or flakes even when sintered at high temperatures of 100-400 °C. Therefore, their applications have been limited to the replacement of transparent electrodes made from high-resistivity materials, such as doped metallic oxides, conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, or graphenes. Here we report that using printed silver nanowire lines, signal losses obtained in the high-frequency radio were lower than those obtained using etched copper foil antennas, because their surfaces were much smoother than those of etched copper foil antennas. This was the case even though the resistivity of silver nanowire lines was 43-71 μΩ cm, which is much higher than that of etched copper foil (2 μΩ cm). When printed silver nanowire antennas were heated at 100 °C, they achieved signal losses that were much lower than those of silver paste antennas comprising microparticles, nanoparticles, and flakes. Furthermore, using a low temperature process, we succeeded in remotely controlling a commercialized radio-controlled car by transmitting a 2.45 GHz signal via a silver nanowire antenna printed on a polyethylene terephthalate film.
The use of GPC coupled with a multiangle laser light scattering photometer for the characterization of polymers. On the determination of molecular weight, size and branching (1994)

Abstract The use of gel permeation chromatorgraphy (GPC) coupled with the multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) detector for the determination of molecular weight and size distribution and for the identification of polymer branching is demonstrated on several examples of both organic and water souluble polymers. The influence of the second virial coefficient and the way of the light scattering data evaluation on the results obtained is shown. Measurements of the root mean square radius are presented for two series of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate standard, and the results are compared with the radii calculated from the Flory‐Fox equation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.