gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of oral solid dosage forms for colonic delivery of drugs for the treatment of cystinosis. (2010)

Modified release multiparticulate pellets have been produced by the\nprocess of extrusion and spheronisation for colon-targeted delivery of\ncystamine, a cysteamine derivative. Orally ingested cysteamine\nformulations used in the treatment of cystinosis, are observed to cause\ngastrointestinal mucosa irritation leading to nausea, vomiting and\nulceration in patients on such therapies.\nSpheronised pellets were prepared varying the type and concentration of\nthe polymer used as an extrusion aid in the formulation. Classes of\npolymeric materials tested include starches, natural gums and cellulose\nderivatives. The properties of each wet mass formulation, extrudate and\nspheronisation product obtained were subsequently evaluated and\ncompared to that obtained from a standard extrusion aid, microcrystalline\ncellulose. Viable pellets produced were subjected to detailed analytical\nprocedures that include: pellet size analysis, qualitative sphericity\ndetermination, friability testing, bulk density measurements, optical and\nscanning electron microscopy.\nAmongst the polymers tested, blends of 60/40% and 65/35% low/high\nacyl gellan gum (Kelcogel®) incorporated into lactose-based wet masses\nproduced good pellets with relatively high sphericity (percentage\nsphericity: 65-70%).\nCystamine was subsequently incorporated into gellan and microcrystalline\ncellulose pellets and efforts made to tailor the release profile of the drug by coating pellets with Eudragit® FS30D, a pH-sensitive polymer. The\ndosage forms described should selectively deliver the drug to the colon\nthrough pH-dependent dissolution of the polymer coating at colonic pH\nconditions (pH 7.4) thereby minimising the incidence of any\ngastrointestinal side effects. Dissolution results showed that Eudragit®\nFS30D coated cystamine pellets released < 3% of incorporated drug in\n0.01M HCl over 1 hour at gastric pH of 1.2, while > 90% of the drug was\nreleased in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Indicating the suitability of these\ncoated pellets as potential colon-targeted dosage forms for delivery of\ncysteamine.
Whole arm obstacle avoidance for teleoperated robots (2002)

information contained in these world models is inaccu- This paper describes a collision avoidance system using Whole Arm Proximity ( W H A P ) sensors o n a P U M A 560 robot arm. The capacitance-based sensors generate electric fields which can completely encompass the robot a r m and detect obstacles as they approach from any direction. The directional obstacle information gathered by the W H A P sensors together with the sensor geometry and robot configuration is used to scale the commanded joint velocities of the robot. A linearized relationship between the W H A P sensor reading and the distance f r o m the ob- stacle allows direct transformation of perturbations in W H A P readings to perturbations in joint velocities.The W H A P reading is used to directly reduce the component of the command input velocity along the normal axis of the sensor, allowing graceful reductions in speed as the a m approaches the obstacle.B y scaling only the component of the velocity vector in the direction of the nearest obstacles, the control system restricts motion in the direction of obstacles whale permitting unconstrained motion in other directions.An important tenet of this waste handling scheme is that the act of processing the waste must create no additional hazards and do no damage to the containment structure.Collision-free paths for robot manipulators are calculated using world models generated from sensor information.To provide the required degree of safety, however, it must be assumed that the PI.
The WIRES Experiment: Tools and Strategies for Robotized Switchgear Cabling (2017)

This paper presents the preliminary results obtained within the WIRES experiment. This experiment aims to automatize the switchgear wiring process by using industrial manipulators and properly designed hardware and software tools. The challenging objective of the experiment is the development of a proper computer vision algorithm able to detect the switchgear components and a novel gripper, with an integrated tactile sensor, able to manipulate wires and simultaneously operate on screw/clip type connection points. Another objective of the experiment is the development of a software package able to optimize the wiring sequence and to plan the robot trajectories, based on the CAD data coming from the switchgear design software. The concept of such a software tool is here presented.
Transcriptome profiling of human hippocampus dentate gyrus granule cells in mental illness (2014)

This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first application of whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to cells isolated from postmortem human brain by laser capture microdissection. We investigated the transcriptome of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells in postmortem human hippocampus in 79 subjects with mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression) and nonpsychiatric controls. We show that the choice of normalization approach for analysis of RNA-seq data had a strong effect on results; under our experimental conditions a nonstandard normalization method gave superior results. We found evidence of disrupted signaling by miR-182 in mental illness. This was confirmed using a novel method of leveraging microRNA genetic variant information to indicate active targeting. In healthy subjects and those with bipolar disorder, carriers of a high- vs those with a low-expressing genotype of miR-182 had different levels of miR-182 target gene expression, indicating an active role of miR-182 in shaping the DG transcriptome for those subject groups. By contrast, comparing the transcriptome between carriers of different genotypes among subjects with major depression and schizophrenia suggested a loss of DG miR-182 signaling in these conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldol Reactions of Ethyl N‐Benzyl‐N‐methylglycinate and of Its Borane Adduct: Selective Access to syn‐ or anti‐α‐Amino‐β‐ hydroxyesters. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of the influenza A (H1N1) live attenuated intranasal vaccine on nitric oxide (FE <sub>NO</sub> ) and other volatiles in exhaled breath (2011)

For the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, vaccination and infection control were the main modes of prevention. A live attenuated H1N1 vaccine mimics natural infection and works by evoking a host immune response, but currently there are no easy methods to measure such a response. To determine if an immune response could be measured in exhaled breath, exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and other exhaled breath volatiles using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) were measured before and daily for seven days after administering the H1N1 2009 monovalent live intranasal vaccine (FluMist®, MedImmune LLC) in nine healthy healthcare workers (age 35 ± 7 years; five females). On day 3 after H1N1 FluMist® administration there were increases in FE(NO) (MEAN±SEM: day 0 15 ± 3 ppb, day 3 19 ± 3 ppb; p < 0.001) and breath isoprene (MEAN±SEM: day 0 59 ± 15 ppb, day 3 99 ± 17 ppb; p = 0.02). MS analysis identified the greatest number of changes in exhaled breath on day 3 with 137 product ion masses that changed from baseline. The exhaled breath changes on day 3 after H1N1 vaccination may reflect the underlying host immune response. However, further work to elucidate the sources of the exhaled breath changes is necessary.
Sampling in Precision IPM: When the Objective Is a Map (1999)

ABSTRACT Measuring and understanding spatial variation of pests is a fundamental component of population dynamics. The resulting maps can drive spatially variable pest management, which we define as precision integrated pest management (IPM). Precision IPM has the potential to reduce insecticide use and slow the rate of resistance development because of the creation of temporally dynamic refuges. This approach to IPM requires sampling in which the objective is to measure spatial variation and map pest density or pressure. Interpolation of spatially referenced data is reviewed, and the influence of sampling design is suggested to be critical to the mapped visualization. Spatial sampling created problems with poor precision and small sample sizes that were partially alleviated with choosing sampling units based on their geostatistical properties, adopting global positioning system technology, and mapping local means. Mapping the probability of exceeding a threshold with indicator kriging is discussed as a decision-making tool for precision IPM. The different types of sampling patterns to deploy are discussed relative to the pest mapping objective.
Cdc14b regulates mammalian RNA polymerase II and represses cell cycle transcription (2011)

Cdc14 is an essential phosphatase in yeast but its role in the mammalian cell cycle remains obscure. We report here that Cdc14b-knockout cells display unscheduled induction of multiple cell cycle regulators resulting in early entry into DNA replication and mitosis from quiescence. Cdc14b dephosphorylates Ser5 at the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, a major substrate of cyclin-dependent kinases. Lack of Cdc14b results in increased CTD-Ser5 phosphorylation, epigenetic modifications that mark active chromatin, and transcriptional induction of cell cycle regulators. These data suggest a function for mammalian Cdc14 phosphatases in the control of transcription during the cell cycle.
Fluorosulfonyl- and Bis-(β-chloroethyl)amino-phenylamino Functionalized Pyrazolo[4,3-<i>e</i>]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-<i>c</i>]pyrimidine Derivatives:  Irreversible Antagonists at the Human A<sub>3</sub> Adenosine Receptor and Molecular Modeling Studies (2001)

A series of pyrazolotriazolopyrimidines was previously reported to be highly potent and selective human A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists (Baraldi et al. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 4768-4780). A derivative having a methyl group at the N(8) pyrazole combined with a 4-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl moiety at N(5) position, displayed a K(i) value at the hA(3) receptor of 0.2 nM. We now describe chemically reactive derivatives which act as irreversible inhibitors of this receptor. Electrophilic groups, specifically sulfonyl fluoride and nitrogen mustard (bis-(beta-chloroethyl)amino) moieties, have been incorporated at the 4-position of the aryl urea group. Membranes containing the recombinant hA(3) receptor were preincubated with the compounds and washed exhaustively. The loss of ability to bind radioligand following this treatment indicated irreversible binding. The most potent compound in irreversibly binding to the receptor was 14, which contained a sulfonyl fluoride moiety and a propyl group at the N(8) pyrazole nitrogen. The bis-(beta-chloroethyl)amino derivatives displayed a much smaller degree of irreversible binding than the sulfonyl fluoride derivatives. A computer-generated model of the human A(3) receptor was built and analyzed to help interpret these results. The model of the A(3) transmembrane region was derived using primary sequence comparison, secondary structure predictions, and three-dimensional homology building, using the recently published crystal structure of rhodopsin as a template. According to our model, sulfonyl fluoride derivatives could dock within the hypothetical TM binding domain, adopting two different energetically favorable conformations. We have identified two amino acids, Ser247 and Cys251, both in TM6, as potential nucleophilic partners of the irreversible binding to the receptor.
A Novel Slots-and-Monopole Antenna with a Steerable Cardioid Pattern (1972)

The outputs of a vertical monopole and two mutually perpendicular slots in a horizontal plane can be properly combined to yield a steerable cardioid-shaped pattern for vertically polarized waves. The required weighting factors for placing the pattern null in any desired direction are presented in graphical form. The shape and the half-power beamwidth of the steerable pattern are examined. This combination antenna unit offers important advantages in direction finding and other applications, especially at microwave frequencies.
Using Digital Cameras for Text Input on Mobile Devices (2007)

This paper presents novel text input methods for mobile devices. In particular, it shows how users can capture text from books, newspapers, and other objects by using the digital cameras that are integrated into an increasing number of smartphones. The idea is to select text from a live video stream generated by these digital cameras. Different interaction patterns are discussed that allow users to select text: (1) automatic detection of the word closest to a fixed position on the mobile device's screen, (2) delayed movement of the text selection to improve the precision of the selection procedure, and (3) using the stylus to select words and word groups. The proposed interaction patterns are evaluated based on the results of a user study, and their application is shown in an example scenario. The presented research has practical relevance because it can improve the usability of mobile applications such as online searching
Bioavailability of seaweed iodine in human beings. (2002)

The major procedure used to correct iodine deficiency is the universal salt iodization by addition of iodide or iodate to salt with an iodine content varying from 7 to 100 mg/kg of salt depending on the country legislation. As an important fraction of consumers in the world prefers natural products over artificial ones, we investigated the industrial feasibility of naturally iodized salt using seaweed as source of iodine. We report the results of the iodine bioavailability in healthy subjects from two seaweeds: Laminaria hyperborea and Gracilaria verrucosa selected due to their high level in iodine as a mineral or an organic form and low levels of heavy metals. As a control we studied in a normal man the bioavailability of pure mineral iodine such as potassium iodide which was excellent i.e. 96.4% and of pure organic iodine such as monoiodotyrosine which was a little lower i.e. 80.0%. Iodine bioavailability from these two seaweeds was studied in nine normal subjects from Marseille (France) which is an iodine sufficient area based on a median urinary iodine level of 137 microg/day and innine normal subjects from Brussels (Belgium) who present a mild iodine deficiency with a value of 73 microg/day. The iodine bioavailability of Gracilaria verrucosa is better than for Laminaria hyperborea (101% versus 90% in Marseille, t=0.812, NS; 85% versus 61.5% in Brussels, t = 2.486, p = 0.024, S*). The urinary excretion of iodine is lower in Brussels than in Marseille for the same seaweed because part of the iodine is stored in the thyroid (101% versus 85% for Gracilaria verrucosa, t = 1.010, NS; 90% versus 61.5% for Laminaria hyperborea, t = 3.879, p= 0.001, S***).
Application of maximum likelihood estimation to radar imaging (1997)

An efficient maximum likelihood (ML) estimator to obtain the scattering center locations of a target and the relative scattering level of these scattering centers from the scattered field data is described. In the proposed method, ML estimation is carried out in the image domain rather than in the frequency-aspect domain. A two-dimensional (2-D) inverse Fourier transform is used to transfer the scattered field data from frequency-aspect domain to the image domain (down-range/cross-range). As expected, the scattered field data in the image domain has some regions with high energy. The samples in the high-energy regions are used to obtain the initial guess for the ML estimator as well as for ML estimation. The ML estimator in the image domain is applied to both simulated and experimental scattered fields of some targets.
Current use of electron beam therapy in the United States. (1990)

Owing to their physical characteristics, electron beams are a crucial component in radiotherapy of human tumors. Besides their main indications (skin cancers, head and neck tumors, breast, chest wall recurrence, low pelvic tumors) other types and sites of malignancies are to be considered: skin lymphomas, soft tissue sarcomas, Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients, as well as Intra Operative Radiotherapy.
3D-FEM analysis of electromagnetic emission from PCB (2002)

The emission of electromagnetic (EM) noise from printed circuit boards (PCBs) is analyzed using a three dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM). The emission of EM noise depends on the transmission line structure and ground structure including the connection between the system ground (SG) and frame ground (FG). We applied the 3D-FEM analysis to the design of a thin film transistor liquid crystal display's (TFT-LCD) PCB. The calculation results were confirmed by experiments using model transmission lines. The 360 MHz noise emission from a strip line structure is about 1/10 of that from a microstrip line structure for a particular specification. Plural FGs generate loop currents and increase the noise emission. The distance between the noise source and FG is an important factor in deciding the noise emission.
Noise Characteristics of Oil Wells and Reservoirs (1974)

Abstract Monitoring the acoustic emission from oil, gas, geothermal, and other reservoirs under various conditions promises to yield valuable information regarding the reservoir characteristics and the results from such processes as hydraulic fracturing conducted in the reservoir. In order to interpret the emissions generated during various operations, it was first necessary to study and evaluate the reservoir under relatively undisturbed conditions. The acoustic noise environment as seen by a hydrophone on the end of a logging cable is discussed. Hydrophone-type sensors-transducers, as used for obtaining this data, have many advantages for monitoring such acoustic emission. Measurements of ambient noise at various depths from the surface down to 2,050feet (625m) in one well and in 11 different wells at 2,030 feet (619m) were made. From these measurements and analyses, it was found that the noise environment is in general wide-band and random. The noise can be further classified as stationary and ergodic. The noise is attenuated with depth, typically decreasing by a factor of one-half from the surface to 50.0 feet(15.2m). Typically, the time average RMS pressure amplitude had a value of 0.75to 0.8 Pa below 1,000 feet (305m) and did not vary greatly with further increases in depth. A 40 mv RMS signal corresponded to 0.8 pa(N/m2). The acoustic energy was found to have some dominant frequency bands near 450 hz and 1,200 hz. In general, the pressure signals were considerably weaker at frequencies above 2 khz where the system electronic noise became a significant portion of the overall signal. Introduction Acoustic monitoring of oil and gas wellbores promises to yield increasingly more information about the characteristics of reservoirs. In the past, acoustic monitoring in wellbores for any reason has been done on a rather limited scale. The monitoring of seismic waves with borehole geophones has been the principal technique used. Bois, and others have described recent experimentation in this area and give the historical developments. These seismic measurements are usually made with the objectives of exploration or seismic velocity surveys and the determination of elastic properties. The maximum frequencies of interest are 150 hz and frequently less than 10 hz.
Identification of mutations in 15 Hungarian families with hereditary protein C deficiency (2000)

Hereditary protein C deficiency represents about 2–9% of inherited thrombophilias. Our aim was to elucidate the molecular basis of protein C deficiency in 25 members of 15 Hungarian families with venous thromboembolic diseases and to identify hitherto undescribed genetical defects in the protein C ( PROC ) gene. The exons of the PROC gene were screened for mutations with the combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and/or PCR and single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The amplified DNA fragments with aberrant migration during DGGE and SSCP were sequenced. Mutations were determined in the PROC gene in all of the examined families: one nonsense mutation, one rare frameshift deletion and nine different missense mutations, of which three were novel (1493 A→G, 35Asp→Gly; 6231 G→A, 173Gly→Glu; 8476 C→T, 254Thr→Ile). The combination of hereditary protein C deficiency with other hereditary thrombophilias was rather common. DGGE and SSCP were proved to be efficient and cost‐effective screening methods in the genetic analysis of hereditary protein C deficiency.
Expression of a cDNA Encoding Phytolacca insularis Antiviral Protein Confers Virus Resistance on Transgenic Potato Plants (1997)

To develop an antiviral agent and virus-resistant plants, a cDNA clone encoding Phytolacca insularis antiviral protein (PIP) was isolated from a cDNA library constructed with poly(A)+ RNA purified from leaves of P. insularis. The PIP cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 307 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence includes a putative signal sequence of 22 amino acids at the N-terminus. The amino acid sequence of PIP shares 84% homology with that of the pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP). In addition, the mature PIP exhibits the conserved putative active site found in other ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). Recombinant PIP (rPIP) synthesized in Escherichia coli inhibits protein synthesis in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysate through the N-glycosidase activity in a similar manner with other RIPs. Local lesion assays with purified rPIP revealed that it inhibits infection of various viruses to plants. Transgenic potato plants expressing the PIP cDNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter are resistant to viruses, such as potato virus X, potato virus Y, and potato leafroll virus. These results suggest that the PIP cDNA could be used for the development of an antiviral agent and transgenic plants resistant against a broad spectrum of plant viruses infecting through both mechanical and aphid transmission.
Trap-induced light enhancement from a polymer light emitting device (2013)

In this work, a series of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) light emitting devices was fabricated. Doping non-fluorescent copper phthalocyanine into the PBO light emitting layer caused a substantial enhancement in electroluminescence from the PBO matrix. Current-voltage characteristics revealed hole-trapping at low doping levels, and hole-transportation at high doping concentrations. The performance of the device improved substantially, reaching a brightness of 3.4 × 104 cd/m2 and current efficiency of 10.9 cd/A or more. This offers a practical approach to develop a single-layered device structure by simply tuning the trap densities.