gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recommendation for applications using approved hash algorithms (2012)

Hash functions that compute a fixed-length message digest from arbitrary length messages are widely used for many purposes in information security. This document provides security guidelines for achieving the required or desired security strengths when using cryptographic applications that employ the approved hash functions specified in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 180-4. These include functions such as digital signatures, Keyed-hash Message Authentication Codes (HMACs) and Hash-based Key Derivation Functions (Hash-based KDFs).
A mechanistic study of the carbocation route from tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene to the adamantane ring (1993)

The energy profile for the transformation of the endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadienyl cation A into the 1-adamantyl cation R has been probed by means of six separate experiments employing superacid techniques. Of the approximately 14 cations between A and R, required as intermediates for the above transformation, it can be shown that only one of these is capable of direct observation. This cation, the tricyclo[5.2.1.0 3.8 ]dec-3-yl (homobrendyl) cation J, is characterized in detail in one of the six experiments. The rate of the rearrangement of J into the 1-adamantyl cation has been measured. Cation J also undergoes a degenerate rearrangement, the dynamics of which can be probed using NMR line-broadening and selective inversion–recovery experiments. The relationship between the exo and endo tetrahydrodicyclopentadienyl cations D and A has been studied. Only A is directly observable, even though in some experiments direct precursors of D were used as cation sources. Several experimental probes were made in an attempt to detect the presence of a small equilibrium concentration of D, without success, and a rationale is provided for the much greater stability of A vs. D. The remaining four experiments involved the addition of neutral precursors to superacid solutions, but the initially formed (expected) cations could not be observed, only cations A, J, or R being observed instead. These "partitioning"-type experiments prove whether the corresponding left-hand or right-hand transition-state barriers are the lower in energy. In the case of starting with transient cation intermediate E, only observable cation J is obtained, showing that the barrier between B and E is the high point on the overall carbocation reaction profile.
Deformalization of Vinylon Estimation of the Degree of Polymerization of Vinylon (1952)

In contrast to the reaction between aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid no precipitation but only gelation was observed in the case with PVA
Observation of a negative electron affinity for heteroepitaxial AlN on α(6H)-SiC(0001) (1994)

This study demonstrates the presence of a negative electron affinity (NEA) surface on AlN was grown on α(6H)-SiC. Heteroepitaxial AlN was grown on α(6H)-SiC(0001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy techniques. The surface electronic states were characterized by ultraviolet photoemission obtained at surface normal. The observation of a sharp spectral feature at the lowest energy of the emitted electrons is an indication of a surface with a negative electron affinity. In addition, the trend of the NEA feature was examined as a function of annealing. The surface Fermi level is found to be near the middle of the AlN gap, and a possible band alignment between the AlN and SiC is presented.
A real-time system for video surveillance of unattended outdoor environments (1998)

This paper describes a visual surveillance system for remote monitoring of unattended outdoor environments. The system, which works in real time, is able to detect, localize, track, and classify multiple objects moving in a surveilled area. The object classification task is based on a statistical morphological operator, the statistical pecstrum (called specstrum), which is invariant to translations, rotations, and scale variations, and it is robust to noise. Classification is performed by matching the specstrum extracted from each detected object with the specstra extracted from multiple views of different real object models contained in a large database. Outdoor images are used to test the system in real functioning conditions. Performances about good classification percentage, false and missed alarms, viewpoint invariance, noise robustness, and processing time are evaluated.
Essential Oil Composition of<i>Gmelina arborea</i>Roxb., Verbenaceae, From Nigeria (2009)

Abstract The chemical composition of the fruit oil of Gmelina arborea Roxb., Verbenaceae, was examined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). One hundred components were identified which accounted for 92.7% of the oil including 24 trace compounds. The ubiquitous terpenes occurred in lesser amount. The fruit oil was characterized by the abundance of (Z)-3-hexenol (17.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (8.4%) and hexanol (6.1%) among the aliphatic alcohols; heptacosane (5.6%), pentacosane (3.8%) and 1-pentacosene (3.2%) among the hydrocarbons; and nonanal (8.7%) and (E)-2-decenal (3.0%) as the main aldehyde constituents.
Correlation between <b> <i>UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase</i> </b> Genotypes and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone Glucuronidation Phenotype in Human Liver Microsomes (2004)

The nicotine-derived tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, is one of the most potent and abundant procarcinogens found in tobacco and tobacco smoke, and glucuronidation of its major metabolite, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), is an important mechanism for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone detoxification. Substantial interindividual variability in urinary NNAL glucuronide formation has been observed in smokers and tobacco chewers. To determine whether genetic variations may play a role in this interindividual variability, NNAL-glucuronidating activities were analyzed in 78 human liver microsomal specimens and compared with the prevalence of missense polymorphisms in the two major NNAL-glucuronidating enzymes UGT1A4 and UGT2B7. In vitro assays using liver microsomal specimens from individual subjects demonstrated a 70- and 50-fold variability in NNAL-N-Gluc and NNAL-O-Gluc formation, respectively, and a 20-fold variability in the ratio of NNAL-N-Gluc:NNAL-O-Gluc formation. Microsomes from subjects with a homozygous polymorphic UGT1A4(24Thr)/UGT1A4(24Thr) genotype exhibited a significantly higher (P < 0.05) level of NNAL-N-Gluc activity compared with microsomes from subjects with the wild-type UGT1A4(24Pro)/UGT1A4(24Pro) genotype, and a significantly higher (P < 0.05) number of subjects with liver microsomes having high NNAL-N-Gluc formation activity contained the UGT1A4(24Thr)/UGT1A4(24Thr) genotype. Microsomes from subjects with the homozygous polymorphic UGT2B7(268Tyr)/UGT2B7(268Tyr) genotype exhibited a significantly lower level (P < 0.025) of NNAL-O-Gluc activity when compared with microsomes from subjects with the wild-type UGT2B7(268His)/UGT2B7(268His) genotype, and a significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of subjects with liver microsomes having low NNAL-O-Gluc formation activity contained the UGT2B7(268Tyr)/UGT2B7(268Tyr) genotype. These data suggest that the UGT1A4 codon 24 and UGT2B7 codon 268 polymorphisms may be associated with altered rates glucuronidation and detoxification of NNAL in vivo.
Determining Future Travel Behavior from Past Travel Experience and Perceptions of Risk and Safety (1998)

This study examined the influences of past international travel experience, types of risk associated with international travel, and the overall degree of safety felt during interna tional travel on individuals' likelihood of travel to various geographic regions on their next international vacation trip or avoidance of those regions due to perceived risk. Informa tion integration theory and protection motivation theory served as the theoretical framework for the study. A mail sur vey sent to 500 international travelers achieved a 48% re sponse rate. Nonresponse bias was tested with telephone in terviews. Data were analyzed using cross tabulations and logistic regression. Results revealed that past travel experi ence to specific regions both increases the intention to travel there again and decreases the intention to avoid areas, par ticularly risky areas. Perceived risks and safety were both found to be stronger predictors of avoiding regions than of planning to visit them.
Dual-polarized dielectric resonator antennas for base station applications (2011)

This paper presents two dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna concepts proposed for base station applications. The TE 01 and TM 01 modes generate monopole-like radiation patterns suitable for a ceiling mounted access point while the HE 11 mode radiates at broadside, which is applicable for sector coverage. Measurements of scattering parameters, radiation patterns and efficiencies of both concepts are presented.
Isolation and characterization of the β and ε subunit genes of mouse muscle acetylcholine receptor (1989)

The genes coding for the beta and epsilon subunits of the mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) were mapped by Southern blot analysis, and the entire loci for both genes cloned. The results indicate that they are single-copy genes. Both were sequenced to determine their size and structural organization. The beta subunit gene spans approximately 8 kilobases and is organized into 11 exons. A region containing cysteines, which are thought to form a disulfide bond and which are highly conserved, is encoded by one exon in all muscle acetylcholine receptor genes with the exception of the beta subunit gene, where it is split into two exons. The epsilon subunit gene spans 4.3 kilobases and contains 12 exons; it has the same structure as the gamma and delta nAChR genes. The intron-exon boundaries and exonic organization of the five known nAChR genes were compared. The analysis showed that the first 4 exons and the last exon of all muscle and brain nAChR subunit genes have the same boundaries, with the exception of a nAChR-related gene in Drosophila.
Procedural Reconstruction of 3D Indoor Models from Lidar Data Using Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (2020)

Automated reconstruction of Building Information Models (BIMs) from point clouds has been an intensive and challenging research topic for decades. Traditionally, 3D models of indoor environments are reconstructed purely by data-driven methods, which are susceptible to erroneous and incomplete data. Procedural-based methods such as the shape grammar are more robust to uncertainty and incompleteness of the data as they exploit the regularity and repetition of structural elements and architectural design principles in the reconstruction. Nevertheless, these methods are often limited to simple architectural styles: the so-called Manhattan design. In this paper, we propose a new method based on a combination of a shape grammar and a data-driven process for procedural modelling of indoor environments from a point cloud. The core idea behind the integration is to apply a stochastic process based on reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (rjMCMC) to guide the automated application of grammar rules in the derivation of a 3D indoor model. Experiments on synthetic and real data sets show the applicability of the method to efficiently generate 3D indoor models of both Manhattan and non-Manhattan environments with high accuracy, completeness, and correctness.
Sensing soil oxygen (1990)

Abstract. Under natural conditions where gaseous exchange between soil and atmosphere is restricted by excess water, the concentration of O 2 in the rooting zone can become very low while reduced ions and organic compounds that are potentially phytoxic may accumulate. Mechanisms by which shoots and roots detect, and adjust to, this O 2 ‐deficient environment are reviewed. Injury to roots and their inability to function because of insufficient O 2 is communicated to the shoot in a variety of ways, so that it adjusts physiologically. Roots may acclimate metabolically to a gradual fall in O 2 supply, so that they either improve their tolerance of anoxia, or partially avoid O 2 ‐deficiency by structural changes that aid internal transfer of O 2 to the roots from the shoot. Molecular mechanisms regulating such metabolic changes, including environmental cues, are discussed.
Memetic Evolution for Generic Full-Body Inverse Kinematics in Robotics and Animation (2018)

In this paper, a novel and fast memetic evolutionary algorithm is presented which can solve fully constrained generic inverse kinematics with multiple end effectors and goal objectives, leaving high flexibility for the design of custom cost functions. The algorithm utilizes a hybridization of evolutionary and swarm optimization, combined with the limited-memory-Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno with bound constraints algorithm for gradient-based optimization. Accurate solutions can be found in real-time and suboptimal extrema are robustly avoided, scaling well even for greatly higher degree of freedom. The algorithm provides a general framework for bounded continuous optimization which only requires two parameters for the number of individuals and elites to be set, and supports adding additional goals and constraints for inverse kinematics, such as minimal displacement between solutions, collision avoidance, or functional joint relations. Experimental results on several industrial and anthropomorphic robots as well as on virtual characters demonstrate the algorithm to be applicable for solving complex kinematic postures for different challenging tasks in robotics, human-robot interaction and character animation, including dexterous object manipulation, collision-free full-body motion, as well as animation post-processing for video games and films. Implementations are made available for Unity3D and robot operating system.
Iso-branching of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) (1996)

A commercial Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) of HF-type, with a low content (< 0.5%) of Di Alkyl Tetralin Sulphonates (DA TS) and an iso-branching amount of 6.5 %, was tested in a prolonged batch-biodegradation experiment called living test, where the product, as the only carbon source, was continuously fed by gradual additions for 80 days to a screening biodegradation system. The final organic residue of this prolonged biodegradation test was characterized in detail showing that no accumulation of iso-branching structures had occured. The organic residue is mostly made up of 4 Sulpho Phenyl Carboxylates (SPC) originating from the linear components of LAS.
Interactions of Nitrogen Source and Rate and Weed Removal Timing Relative to Nitrogen Content in Corn and Weeds and Corn Grain Yield (2017)

Adequate fertility combined with effective weed management is important in maximizing corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) grain yield. Corn uptake of nitrogen (N) is dependent upon many factors including weed species and density and the rate and formulation of applied N fertilizer. Understanding interactions among corn, applied N, and weeds is important in developing management strategies. Field studies were conducted in North Carolina to compare corn and weed responses to urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and composted poultry litter (CPL) when a mixture of Palmer amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> S. Wats.) and large crabgrass (<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> L.) was removed with herbicides at heights of 8 or 16 cm. These respective removal timings corresponded with 22 and 28 days after corn planting or V2 and V3 stages of growth, respectively. Differences in N content in above-ground biomass of corn were noted early in the season due to weed interference but did not translate into differences in corn grain yield. Interactions of N source and N rate were noted for corn grain yield but these factors did not interact with timing of weed control. These results underscore that timely implementation of control tactics regardless of N fertility management is important to protect corn grain yield.
A broadband eccentric annular slot antenna (2002)

We have proposed and investigated broadband eccentric annular slot antennas as an effective way to achieve a wider bandwidth in annular slot antennas. The eccentric antenna was analyzed using the FDTD method, and the computed results of return loss were in good agreement with the measured results. The maximum impedance bandwidth of the antenna with the slot radius of 15 mm was 1.27 octave for VSWR<2 at the center frequency of 5.225 GHz. These results show that by using an eccentric slot antenna, we were able to achieve a significantly wider impedance bandwidth than those in a conventional annular slot antenna of equivalent size.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with cancer. An increasing incidence (1993)

In this series, nosocomial transmission of PCP was unlikely. Prophylaxis after a first episode of PCP should be considered in patients who will remain immunosuppressed.
An Optical Burst Switching Fabric of Multi-Granularity for Petabits/s Multi-Chassis Switches and Routers (2012)

A multi-granularity optical burst switch fabric with 80M×80M(M=2,4,8…) ports using Fast Tunable Lasers and ULCF-AWG is proposed. This fabric for Petabits/s multi-chassis switches and routers is also experimentally demonstrated.
Subnanogram detection of dyes on filter paper by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectrometry (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubnanogram detection of dyes on filter paper by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectrometryChieu D. TranCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 4, 824–826Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00268a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00268a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views428Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Roles of glial cells in synapse development (2009)

Brain function relies on communication among neurons via highly specialized contacts, the synapses, and synaptic dysfunction lies at the heart of age-, disease-, and injury-induced defects of the nervous system. For these reasons, the formation-and repair-of synaptic connections is a major focus of neuroscience research. In this review, I summarize recent evidence that synapse development is not a cell-autonomous process and that its distinct phases depend on assistance from the so-called glial cells. The results supporting this view concern synapses in the central nervous system as well as neuromuscular junctions and originate from experimental models ranging from cell cultures to living flies, worms, and mice. Peeking at the future, I will highlight recent technical advances that are likely to revolutionize our views on synapse-glia interactions in the developing, adult and diseased brain.
Involvement of BmoR and BmoG in n-alkane metabolism in ‘Pseudomonas butanovora’ (2008)

'Pseudomonas butanovora' uses an alcohol-inducible alkane monooxygenase (BMO) to grow on C(2)-C(9) n-alkanes. Five ORFs were identified flanking the BMO structural genes. Two of the ORFs, bmoR, encoding a putative sigma(54)-transcriptional regulator BmoR, and bmoG, encoding a putative GroEL chaperonin BmoG, were analysed by gene-inactivation experiments. The BmoR-deficient mutant grew at slower growth rates than the wild-type on C(2)-C(5) n-alkanes and showed little to no growth on C(6)-C(8) n-alkanes within 7 days. A BmoR-deficient mutant was constructed in the 'P. butanovora' bmoX : : lacZ reporter strain and used to test whether bmoR was involved in bmoX induction after growth on C(2)-C(8) carbon sources. In acetate- or lactate-grown cells, C(2)-C(8) n-alcohols failed to induce beta-galactosidase activity. In contrast, in propionate-, butyrate- or pentanoate-grown cells, n-butanol induced approximately 45 % of the beta-galactosidase activity observed in the control bmoX : : lacZ strain. In propionate-grown cells, C(2)-C(5) n-alcohols induced beta-galactosidase activity, whereas C(7) and C(8) n-alcohols did not. BmoR may act as a sigma(54)-transcriptional regulator of bmo that is controlled by the n-alcohol produced in the alkane oxidation. During growth on short-chain-length fatty acids, however, another BMO regulatory system seems to be activated to promote transcription of bmo by short-chain-length alcohols (i.e. </=C(6)). The bmoG-deficient mutant did not grow on C(2)-C(8) n-alkanes; however, it was capable of transcribing bmoX and bmoC of the BMO operon. BmoG may act as a chaperonin to assemble competent BMO.
Real-Time Monitoring of Brain Tissue Oxygen Using a Miniaturized Biotelemetric Device Implanted in Freely Moving Rats (2009)

A miniaturized biotelemetric device for the amperometric detection of brain tissue oxygen is presented. The new system, derived from a previous design, has been coupled with a carbon microsensor for the real-time detection of dissolved O(2) in the striatum of freely moving rats. The implantable device consists of a single-supply sensor driver, a current-to-voltage converter, a microcontroller, and a miniaturized data transmitter. The oxygen current is converted to a digital value by means of an analog-to-digital converter integrated in a peripheral interface controller (PIC). The digital data is sent to a personal computer using a six-byte packet protocol by means of a miniaturized 434 MHz amplitude modulation (AM) transmitter. The receiver unit is connected to a personal computer (PC) via a universal serial bus. Custom developed software allows the PC to store and plot received data. The electronics were calibrated and tested in vitro under different experimental conditions and exhibited high stability, low power consumption, and good linear response in the nanoampere current range. The in vivo results confirmed previously published observations on oxygen dynamics in the striatum of freely moving rats. The system serves as a rapid and reliable model for studying the effects of different drugs on brain oxygen and brain blood flow and it is suited to work with direct-reduction sensors or O(2)-consuming biosensors.
On developing a simple in-house digital library archive (2005)

Digital libraries (DLs) have become a major focus of information technology resources for organizations from academia, to the US Department of Defense to the archeological efforts in Egypt. DLs have transitioned from theoretical exploration to support infrastructure development. The representation of multimedia streams that are both client-acceptable and compliant with digital rights models is currently in an "amoebic" stage; but promises to have a profound, if not extreme, influence on infrastructure development. This paper also describes our recent efforts towards a digital archive of student portfolios, code-named Locutus.
Le Tétanos Strychnique Et Le Mécanisme De La Synchronisation Neuronique (1941)

SCOPUS: ar.j