gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abrogation of Interleukin-3 Dependence of Myeloid Cells by the v-<i>src</i> Oncogene Requires SH2 and SH3 Domains Which Specify Activation of STATs (1997)

The v-src oncogene encodes a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase. When this gene was expressed in the myeloblastic cell line 32Dcl3, it was found to abrogate interleukin-3 (IL-3) dependence of this cell line and to block its ability to terminally differentiate into granulocytes in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). In contrast, a highly related tyrosine kinase gene, v-fgr, fails to render this cell line IL-3 independent for growth or to block its ability to undergo terminal differentiation in the presence of GCSF. The active structural domains of v-src that are responsible for the abrogation of IL-3 dependence of myeloid cells and the mechanisms by which v-src transforms these cells are at present unclear. To identify the domains in v-src which are responsible for this activity, we constructed several chimeric recombinants between the v-src and the related Src family member v-fgr by replacing portions of v-src with corresponding domains of v-fgr. These chimeric DNAs were transfected into 32Dcl3 cells and examined for their abilities to render this cell line IL-3 independent. Our results show that only chimeras containing both the SH3 and the SH2 domains of v-src were capable of rendering the 32Dcl3 cell line IL-3 independent. To understand the possible mechanisms underlying the IL-3-independent growth of v-src-transformed 32Dcl3 cells, we examined the phosphorylation status of JAK-1, JAK-2, and JAK-3 kinases in the v-src- and v-fgr-transformed 32Dcl3 cells. Our results show that none of the JAK kinases are constitutively phosphorylated by v-src or v-fgr. We then examined the phosphorylation status of the STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) family of transcription factors. Our results show that STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 exist in a constitutively phosphorylated state in v-src-transformed 32Dcl3 cells, while such constitutive phosphorylation is not seen in v-fgr-transformed cell lines. Our results also show that STAT3 coimmunoprecipitates with v-Src, suggesting that the activation of STAT3 occurs due to direct association with v-Src. However, STAT1 and STAT5, which also exist in a constitutively phosphorylated state in v-src-transformed 32Dcl3 cells, do not coimmunoprecipitate with v-Src, suggesting that these proteins either interact weakly with v-Src or are phosphorylated by a mechanism distinctive from that of STAT3.
Temporal variations in the fine specificity of IgM anti‐fluorescyl antibodies (1991)

This study compares the fine specificities of the primary and secondary fluorescein (FITC)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) repertoires in BALB/c mouse serum and monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and has found reproducible, immunization-dependent differences. FITC and four of its homologues; iodoacetamido fluorescein (IAF), dichlorotriazinyl aminofluorescein (DTAF), substituted rhodamine isothiocyanate (XRITC) and tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC), each conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), were used to determine reactivity patterns of serum IgM from mice immunized once or twice with FITC-haemocyanin (FITC-Hy). Reactivity patterns were also obtained for 20 IgM MoAb, eight of which were produced by fusions of SP2/0 myeloma cells with splenocytes from mice immunized once (primary) and 12 from mice immunized twice (secondary) with FITC-Hy. Each MoAb exhibited a unique fine specificity pattern, evidence of extensive heterogeneity in the FITC-specific repertoire. Reactivities of IgM MoAb with certain homologues were found to be more characteristic of either the primary or secondary response. Polyclonal serum IgM also showed reproducible immunization-dependent variations in fine specificity. Such a pattern could result from idiotypic suppression of primary antibodies, from the expansion of subsets of IgM memory cells utilizing novel genes and/or from somatic mutation absent in primary IgM antibodies.
Soviet Energy: An Internal Assessment (1976)

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Model predictive control for starvation prevention in a hybrid fuel cell system (2004)

When current is drawn from a fuel cell, it is critical that the reacted oxygen is replenished rapidly by the air supply system to avoid stack starvation and damage. We first explain that in a stand-alone fuel cell, there is lack of control authority in avoiding excessive oxygen starvation during high current demand. In the hybrid configuration introduced A small auxiliary power source significantly extends the control authority in avoiding oxygen starvation. To achieve best possible results without violating operational constraints of the system, a well-devised current split strategy is required. We formulate distribution of current demand between the fuel cell and the auxiliary source in a constrained optimization (model predictive control) framework. As a result, the reactant deficit during sudden increases in stack power was reduced from 50% in stand-alone architecture to less than 1% in the hybrid configuration.
Long-term survival after first-ever stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. (1993)

These data highlight the importance of long-term secondary prevention of vascular events in stroke patients, targeted as much at the cardiovascular as at the cerebrovascular circulation.
Additive manufacturing (AM) and nanotechnology: promises and challenges (2013)

Abstract Purpose – This paper aims to provide a review of available published literature in which nanostructures are incorporated into AM printing media as an attempt to improve the properties of the final printed part. The purpose of this article is to summarize the research done to date, to highlight successes in the field, and to identify opportunities that the union of AM and nanotechnology could bring to science and technology. Design/methodology/approach – Research in which metal, ceramic, and carbon nanomaterials have been incorporated into AM technologies such as stereolithography, laser sintering, fused filament fabrication, and three‐dimensional printing is presented. The results of the addition of nanomaterials into these AM processes are reviewed. Findings – The addition of nanostructured materials into the printing media for additive manufacturing affects significantly the properties of the final parts. Challenges in the application of nanomaterials to additive manufacturing are nevertheless numerous. Research limitations/implications – Each of the AM methods described in this review has its own inherent limitations when nanoparticles are applied with the respective printing media. Overcoming these design boundaries may require the development of new instrumentation for successful AM with nanomaterials. Originality/value – This review shows that there are many opportunities in the marriage of AM and nanotechnology. Promising results have been published in the application of nanomaterials and AM, yet significant work remains to fully harness their inherent potential. This paper serves the purpose to researchers to explore new nanomaterials‐based composites for additive manufacturing.
Review of thin film solar cell technology and applications for ultra-light spacecraft solar arrays (1991)

Developments in thin-film amorphous and polycrystalline photovoltaic cells are reviewed and discussed with a view to potential applications in space. Two important figures of merit are discussed: efficiency (i.e., what fraction of the incident solar energy is converted to electricity), and specific power (power to weight ratio).
Synthesis of Triphenylamine-Modified Arylates and Ketones via Suzuki Coupling Reactions (2011)

A series of triphenylamine-mdified arylates and ketones were synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction of triphenylamine boronic acid with aryl bromide. The triphenylamine boronic acid was synthesized by iodization of 4-bromoaniline, Ullmann reaction of 1-bromo-4-iodobenzene with diphenylamine, and boronic acidification of 4-bromotriphenylamine. Keywords: ArylatesketonesSuzuki-couplingtriphenylaminetriphenylamine boronic acid ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was financially supported by NSFC 60868001. Notes a The reactions were carried out utilizing 3% (mol) of Pd catalyst, 1.0 equiv. of 5, 1.5 equiv. of 6, and 3 equiv. of base under N2. b Isolated yield. c The ratio in volume for toluene, ethanol, and H2O was 5:3:1. d The ratio in volume for ethanol and H2O was 3:1. e 4 equiv. of base was used.
Coffee brew melanoidins Structural and Functional Properties of Brown-Colored Coffee Compounds (2008)

The aim of the work presented in this thesis was the identification of structural and functional properties of coffee brew melanoidins, and their formation mechanisms, that are formed upon roasting of coffee beans.
Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Hydrocarbon Mixtures by Gas Chromatography Without Complete Separation of Components (1966)

A method has been developed for the semi-quantitative analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures in terms of (a) individual normal paraffins, (b) olefins, (c) aromatics, (d) isoparaffins and/or naphthenes. For (b), (c), and (d), the constituents may be individual substances of the type stated or mixtures of several substances which cannot be separated under the conditions used. The results can be used if desired to obtain a hydrocarbon type analysis. The technique depends on the measurement of relative peak areas obtained by gas chromatography on Apiezon L before and after treatments designed to successively remove olefins, aromatics, and normal paraffins. The amount by which each peak does not increase in relative area as much as the peak of maximum increase is taken as a measurement of the component removed from it by the treatment. The method has been illustrated by the analysis of a synthetic mixture of thirteen hydrocarbons and of a high boiling neutral oil produced by the low-temperature carbonization of bituminous coal. Satisfactory semi-quantitative analyses have been obtained, and these have been found capable of revealing a much larger number of components in a mixture than is indicated by the original chromatogram. The limitations of the method appear to be associated with the efficiency of the reagents used to remove hydrocarbon types and the variability of different substances with regard to thermal conductivity response.
Effect of botulinum toxin antral injection on gastric emptying and weight reduction in obese patients: a pilot study (2006)

This pilot clinical trial suggests potential activity of botulinum toxin A for the manipulation of appetite.
Olfactory responses of the vine weevil, <i>Otiorhynchus sulcatus</i> , to tree odours (2002)

Abstract A Y‐tube olfactometer and a still‐air olfactometer were developed to determine the attractiveness of several host plants for the vine weevil ( Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Odours of weevil‐damaged yew ( Taxus baccata ) and spindle trees ( Euonymus fortunei ) are attractive to the vine weevil, but Rhododendron and strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) are not. Undamaged Euonymus is attractive to the weevils in springtime but not in late summer. When clean air or undamaged Euonymus is the alternative, weevils strongly prefer weevil‐damaged Euonymus foliage, and this preference is retained throughout the year. Hence, plant damage plays a role in attraction of the vine weevil. In contrast to the permanent attractiveness of weevil‐damaged Euonymus , mechanically damaged plants gradually lose the attractiveness that they have early in the growing season. This suggests that emission of volatiles, produced by the plants in response to weevil damage, is important for attraction of the weevils because the weevils may use these plant odours to find suitable food plants throughout the season. Apart from weevil‐damage‐related plant volatiles, green leaf volatiles must also play a significant role, as indicated by the fact that weevils prefer: early season, undamaged Euonymus over clean air; early season, mechanically damaged Euonymus over undamaged Euonymus ; and, throughout the season, had no preference when mechanically damaged Euonymus is tested against weevil‐damaged Euonymus . Thus, monitoring traps may be developed by the use of green leaf volatiles and/or herbivore‐induced volatiles, as attractants.
Deposition Patterns of Nebulized Drugs: Is the Pattern Important? (1994)

It is logical to assume that the efficacy of an aerosolized drug should be related to the local airway dose. To test this assumption, it is necessary to have some index of the distribution of deposited drug within the airway and a measure of efficacy. However, most studies, in which the regional distribution of a deposited radiolabeled aerosol throughout the lung has been carefully measured, have not been directly related to the efficacy of any drug. For example, the deposition pattern is critical in terms of interpreting studies of mucociliary clearance but, in those cases, the radiolabel is usually not tied to a therapeutic agonist. Most classical studies measuring the efficacy of an aerosolized drug involve bronchodilators. While bronchodilation itself has been shown to affect subsequent regional ventilation and particle deposition, targeting specific airways has never been shown to be critical for bronchodilator efficacy. This situation may be different for agents which have a more delayed effect; for example, aerosolized steroids and antibiotics. Little data are available that directly address this question. We have developed techniques for measuring total and regional lung deposition for purposes of addressing the issue of airway site versus drug efficacy. Presently, we have information on methacholine, which is useful for measurement of airway reactivity, gentamicin, pentamidine and cyclosporin. While many factors affect total and regional deposition, we have found that the underlying disease process in the lung is a major determinant of the final deposition pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis of Thermal Cycle Fatigue Damage in Microsocket Solder Joints (1981)

A technique was developed to study thermal cycle (TC) fatigue damage in microsocket solder joints, known as "C-4" (controlled-collapse chip connection). The procedure consists of cutting both a chip and a substrate to within 125 µm of the outside edge, followed by a joining operation. The result is a completed module with C-4 joints exposed along the outside. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to successively photograph the joints at intervals in the stress cycle, thereby showing the gradual buildup of thermal cycle damage that degrades the C-4 joint. This technique is used to determine damage mechanisms in representative C-4's that have been subjected to accelerated test conditions. In particular we will show that predominant deformation mechanisms and damage location sites are altered as the C-4 volume, and thus height, is changed. For small volumes, damage is uniform throughout the C-4 and consists of the nucleation of multiple cracks that eventually link up to cause major cracks. For higher volumes the middle section of the C-4 is relatively damage-free, with the majority of the damage occurring near the chip. Stresses generated by solder-Si mismatch are shown to play a significant role in conditioning the region near the chip to develop subsequent damage.
[Acute intoxication with "sobi-lobi" (Datura). Four cases in Niger]. (2000)

The datura (Datura stramonium, Datura metel) belongs to a group of plants from the solanacies variety and can be the cause of voluntary intoxication. In Nigher, its flowers and seeds are used for their hallucinogenic properties. Its alcaloïds have an atropine-like effect. We are reporting here the first four cases of voluntary intoxication among teenagers in Niamey (Republic of Niger). The symptoms, which happened to be identical for the four patients, lead us quickly towards the possibility of a collective intoxication. During the questioning, the patients admitted they had smoked the plant's dried flowers, but also they drunk an herbal tea mixed with datura seeds. Symptoms are comparable to that of intoxications caused by atropine. Neurological signs are the main symptoms (agitation, delirium, disorientation, hallucination, mydriasis, retention of urine...). The others noticeable signs are: fever, dry mouth, tachycardia, thirstiness. The evolution was favourable as the patients left the hospital between D2 and D4. Those clinical features are compared to the literature items, which are inexistent in western Africa. The prognosis may be fatal, especially for the child and during massive intoxications meant to be autolystic or toxicomaniac. The recovery when possible leads usually to no sequels however sever the clinical picture is. The consultation of the population enabled us to comprehend that datura is known and consumed for its hallucinogenic proprieties. The therapeutic guidance is described and prevention suggested.
LEAFY COTYLEDON1-CASEIN KINASE I-TCP15-PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 Network Regulates Somatic Embryogenesis by Regulating Auxin Homeostasis   (2015)

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an efficient tool for the propagation of plant species and also, a useful model for studying the regulatory networks in embryo development. However, the regulatory networks underlying the transition from nonembryogenic callus to somatic embryos during SE remain poorly understood. Here, we describe an upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) CASEIN KINASE I gene, GhCKI, which is a unique key regulatory factor that strongly affects SE. Overexpressing GhCKI halted the formation of embryoids and plant regeneration because of a block in the transition from nonembryogenic callus to somatic embryos. In contrast, defective GhCKI in plants facilitated SE. To better understand the mechanism by which GhCKI regulates SE, the regulatory network was analyzed. A direct upstream negative regulator protein, cotton LEAFY COTYLEDON1, was identified to be targeted to a cis-element, CTTTTC, in the promoter of GhCKI. Moreover, GhCKI interacted with and phosphorylated cotton CINCINNATA-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1-CYCLOIDEA-PCF transcription factor15 by coordinately regulating the expression of cotton PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4, finally disrupting auxin homeostasis, which led to increased cell proliferation and aborted somatic embryo formation in GhCKI-overexpressing somatic cells. Our results show a complex process of SE that is negatively regulated by GhCKI through a complex regulatory network.
Sentiment Learning on Product Reviews via Sentiment Ontology Tree (2010)

Existing works on sentiment analysis on product reviews suffer from the following limitations: (1) The knowledge of hierarchical relationships of products attributes is not fully utilized. (2) Reviews or sentences mentioning several attributes associated with complicated sentiments are not dealt with very well. In this paper, we propose a novel HL-SOT approach to labeling a product’s attributes and their associated sentiments in product reviews by a Hierarchical Learning (HL) process with a defined Sentiment Ontology Tree (SOT). The empirical analysis against a humanlabeled data set demonstrates promising and reasonable performance of the proposed HL-SOT approach. While this paper is mainly on sentiment analysis on reviews of one product, our proposed HL-SOT approach is easily generalized to labeling a mix of reviews of more than one products. 1
Lanthanide-incorporated metal nitrides with tunable work function and good thermal stability for NMOS devices (2005)

Lanthanide-incorporated metal nitride (lanthanide-MN/sub x/) is investigated as a novel n-type metal gate electrode with tunable work function and good thermal stability for the first time. By incorporating lanthanide elements, such as terbium (Tb), erbium (Er), or ytterbium (Yb), into metal nitride gates, such as TaN and HfN, the work function of MN/sub x/ can be continuously tuned down to 4.2/spl sim/4.3 eV even after 1000/spl deg/C RTA by varying the lanthanide concentrations. In addition, the lanthanide-MN/sub x/ gates exhibit good thermal stability up to 1000/spl deg/C on both SiO/sub 2/ and high-k HfAlO. Possible mechanism for the stability of these metal gates is also discussed and the results show that the enhancement of the nitrogen content in lanthanide-MN/sub x/ films could be responsible.
Expression of the Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Activated Chloride Channel Genes <i>CLCA1</i> and <i>CLCA2</i> Is Downregulated in Human Colorectal Cancer (2001)

The role of ion channels in carcinogenesis and tumor progression remains unclear. We have used suppression subtractive hybridization of mRNA from paired normal colon epithelium and tumor, followed by quantitative kinetic RT-PCR, to demonstrate that the transcription of two members of a novel Ca(2+)-dependent chloride channel family, CLCA1 and CLCA2, was significantly downregulated in approximately 80% of colorectal carcinomas. This figure rose to >90% when expression was adjusted for tumor cell proliferation. In normal colon epithelium, CLCA1 mRNA levels were significantly associated with c-myc transcription but became decoupled in the tumor samples. There was no association between CLCA2 and either CLCA1 or c-myc mRNA levels. Transcription of both genes in three colorectal cancer cell lines, T84, HT29, and Caco2, was barely detectable. Illegitimate transcription of CLCA1 was detected in 12 of 15 blood samples taken from healthy volunteers, making its use as a marker for the detection of tumor spread unreliable. Our results suggest that CLCA1 could specify a new tumor suppressor and that, as in breast cancer, CLCA2 may function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer.
Foreign Exploration for Predators: A Proposed New Methodology (1989)

That most biological control success stories involve parasitic rather than predatory natural enemies is a well-entrenched myth. In fact, recent analyses have shown that introduced parasitoids and predators have not differed significantly in their rates of establishment or success as agents of biological control. However, it is true that introductions of predators have been attempted much less often than introductions of parasitoids. This may be partly because of controversy over the attributes of the ideal natural enemy. A more basic obstacle has been the lack of a methodology for identifying any but the most prey-specific of predators of target pests. I propose a new methodology, using on-the-spot serological stomach analysis of predators. The feasibility of this approach is illustrated with data from monoclonal antibody-based ELISA assays of predators fed larvae of species of the corn earworm complex.
Added Value and Pricing With Information Technology (1995)

This study evaluates the extent to which the added value to customers from a supplier’s application of information technology (IT) is manifested through premium prices of a traded good. The study demonstrates that IT can add value to an otherwise undifferentiated good and shows how these benefits accrue to customers from the adoption of IT. Analyzing a case in which the traded good is a homogeneous commodity—commercial fueling—our study shows that the critical impacts of IT are convenience and control—that is, convenience that provides improved access to fuel and control that reduces problems of delegating purchasing authority for the customer. The value of this additional service is exhibited in premium prices customers are willing to pay for the IT-enhanced traded good, relative to the same good without IT. Compared to the price without IT, statistical analysis of the supplier’s pricing history demonstrates that the application of IT to commercial fuel yielded price premiums of between five and 12 percent of the retail fuel price.