gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme activity gel analysis of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. (1988)

An activity gel analysis was performed in order to examine the catalytically active component of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase in purified enzyme preparations and HIV-infected cell extracts. Immunoaffinity purified HIV reverse transcriptase contains two proteins with molecular weights 66,000 and 51,000 in approximately equal proportions. After denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the p66 component of reverse transcriptase was sufficient for both DNA- and RNA-directed DNA synthesis. No DNA synthetic activity of p51 was observed. Recovery of p66 catalytic activity was approximately 10% that of DNA polymerase beta, and the density of the autoradiographic band corresponding to p66 was linear with enzyme concentration. No additional HIV-specific DNA polymerases besides p66 were observed in HIV-infected H9 cell extracts.
Delay generation methods with reduced memory requirements (2003)

Modern diagnostic ultrasound beamformers require delay information for each sample along the image lines. In order to avoid storing large amounts of focusing data, delay generation techniques have to be used. In connection with developing a compact beamformer architecture, recursive algorithms were investigated. These included an original design and a technique developed by another research group. A piecewise-linear approximation approach was also investigated. Two imaging setups were targeted -- conventional beamforming with a sampling frequency of 40 MHz and subsample precision of 2 bits, and an oversampled beamformer that performs a sparse sample processing by reconstructing the in-phase and quadrature components of the echo signal for 512 focal points. The algorithms were synthesized for a FPGA device XCV2000E-7, for a phased array image with a depth of 15 cm. Their performance was as follows: (1) For the best parametric approach, the gate count was 2095, the maximum operation speed was 131.9 MHz, the power consumption at 40 MHz was 10.6 mW, and it requires 4 12-bit words for each image line and channel. (2) For the piecewise-linear approximation, the corresponding numbers are 1125 gates, 184.9 MHz, 7.8 mW, and 15 16-bit words.
Traffic models for wireless communication networks (1994)

Introduces a deterministic fluid model and two stochastic traffic models for wireless networks. The setting is a highway with multiple entrances and exits. Vehicles are classified as calling or noncalling, depending upon whether or not they have calls in progress. The main interest is in the calling vehicles; but noncalling vehicles are important because they can become calling vehicles if they initiate (place or receive) a call. The deterministic model ignores the behavior of individual vehicles and treats them as a continuous fluid, whereas the stochastic traffic models consider the random behavior of each vehicle. However, all three models use the same two coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) or ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to describe the evolution of the system. The call density and call handoff rate (or their expected values in the stochastic models) are readily computable by solving these equations. Since no capacity constraints are imposed in the models, these computed quantities can be regarded as offered traffic loads. The models complement each other, because the fluid model can be extended to include additional features such as capacity constraints and the interdependence between velocity and vehicular density, while the stochastic traffic model can provide probability distributions. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate how the models can be used to investigate various aspects of time and space dynamics in wireless networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Method of Tracking a Forward Vehicle using a Scanning Laser Radar and a Camera (2003)

This paper describes a robust tracking method that combines a scanning laser radar (SLR) with a camera to measure headway distances and lateral positions more accurately. With this method, a preceding vehicle is first detected on the basis of the digital data output by the SLR unit, and the vehicle is then tracked by both SLR and the camera. A variable shape template matching method is used in processing the images taken with the camera. The image recognition technique can track the preceding vehicle despite frequent changes in the headway distance and the direction. Robust and highly accurate tracking is achieved by combining the wide angle, high-resolution measurement obtained by image recognition with the SLR distance measurement. The proposed method has been validated on a driving simulator using data recorded on Japanese roads. The preceding vehicle was successfully tracked and its position was measured as expected on curves and on straight roads in general. The results also confirmed that this method has some advantages over detection by SLR alone in difficult detection situations.
4,8-Dimethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,6,2-dioxazaborocane (2012)

[1175712-33-0, 1177425-14-7, 1262977-13-8, 1303527-12-9] C12H25B2NO4 (MW 268.95) InChI = S/C12H25B2NO4/c1-9-7-15-8-10(2)17-13(16-9)14-18-11(3,4)12(5,6)19-14/h9-10,15H,7-8H2,1-6H3 InChIKey = IGLQSAGCEMHFPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as a boron source, in conjunction with a copper catalyst, to install a pinacol boronic ester onto electron-deficient alkenes and alkynes) Alternate Names: pinacolatodiisopropanolaminatodiboron; PDIPA diboron. Physical Data: decomposes before melting point is reached. Solubility: dichloromethane, acetonitrile, acetone, DMF, DMSO. Partially soluble in most nonpolar aprotic organic solvents, for example, THF and ethyl acetate. Form Supplied in: fluffy white solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: purity is analyzed by 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3CN) δ = 5.45 (s, br, 1H, cis), 5.18 (s, br, 1H, trans), 4.13–4.04 (m, 2H, cis; 1H, trans), 3.70–3.63 (m, 1H, trans), 3.32–3.27 (m, 1H, trans), 2.83 (dd, J = 11.7, 4.5 Hz, 2H, cis), 2.69 (dd, J = 11.5, 3.7 Hz, 1H, trans), 2.51–2.45 (m, 2H, cis), 2.27–2.22 (m, 1H, trans), 1.92–1.86 (m, 1H, trans), 1.15 (s, 12H, cis; 12H, trans), 1.13 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H, trans), 1.12 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H, trans), 1.07 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H, cis); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CD3CN) δ = 81.40 (cis), 81.29 (trans), 70.68 (cis), 67.47 (trans), 66.82 (trans), 57.96 (trans), 57.82 (cis), 56.44 (trans), 24.71 (trans), 24.69 (trans), 24.65 (cis), 20.36 (cis), 19.04 (trans), 18.32 (trans); 11B NMR (160 MHz, CD3CN) δ = 35.51 (sp2-B), 8.95 (sp3-B); IR (NaCl) 3074, 2972, 2928, 2883, 1369, 1250, 1115, 1022, 970, 854, 806 cm−1; HRMS (ESI+): Calcd for C12H26B2NO4 [M+H]+: 270.2048, Found: 270.2046; Calcd for C12H25B2NNaO4 [M+Na]+: 292.1867, Found: 292.1865; Elemental analysis: Calcd for C12H25B2NO4: C, 53.59; H, 9.37; N, 5.21; Found: C, 53.69; H, 9.41; N, 5.14. Preparative Methods: the diboron reagent is readily prepared from commercially available bis(pinacolato)diboron and bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in 8:1 CH2Cl2/ether.1 The product precipitates and is isolated as a mixture of diastereomers. This material as a borylating agent is as effective as the enantiopure version. Purification: the white solid is filtered and washed with copious amounts of diethyl ether. Residual ether is removed under high vacuum. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: to help prevent autoxidation, store under nitrogen and refrigerate. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents. Rapidly hydrolyzes in water and alcoholic solvents and during TLC analysis.
Anopheline mosquitoes of the western province of Papua New Guinea. (1997)

A survey of the Anopheles species of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, was made in April-May 1992. A total of 6,427 specimens was collected from 74 sites within the province using carbon dioxide-baited light traps and larval sampling. Eleven species were identified using morphological characteristics, allozyme analysis, and species-specific DNA probes. These were, in order of prevalence: Anopheles farauti 2 (51 sites), An. bancroftii (17 sites), An. farauti s. s. (16 sites), An. longirostris (9 sites), An. farauti 3 (7 sites), An. punctulatus (4 sites), An. koliensis (4 sites), Anopheles sp. near punctulatus (4 sites), An. meraukensis (4 sites), An. farauti 4 (3 sites), and An. novaguinensis (2 sites). Members of the An. farauti complex made up 93.3% of the specimens collected with An. farauti 2 being the most abundant and widespread species inland and An. farauti s. s. the dominant species on the coast. The abundance and distribution of the species are discussed.
A Novel Cell-Permeable, Selective, and Noncompetitive Inhibitor of KAT3 Histone Acetyltransferases from a Combined Molecular Pruning/Classical Isosterism Approach (2015)

Selective inhibitors of the two paralogue KAT3 acetyltransferases (CBP and p300) may serve not only as precious chemical tools to investigate the role of these enzymes in physiopathological mechanisms but also as lead structures for the development of further antitumor agents. After the application of a molecular pruning approach to the hardly optimizable and not very cell-permeable garcinol core structure, we prepared many analogues that were screened for their inhibitory effects using biochemical and biophysical (SPR) assays. Further optimization led to the discovery of the benzylidenebarbituric acid derivative 7h (EML425) as a potent and selective reversible inhibitor of CBP/p300, noncompetitive versus both acetyl-CoA and a histone H3 peptide, and endowed with good cell permeability. Furthermore, in human leukemia U937 cells, it induced a marked and time-dependent reduction in the acetylation of lysine H4K5 and H3K9, a marked arrest in the G0/G1 phase and a significant increase in the hypodiploid nuclei percentage.
Expression of the calcitonin receptor, calcitonin receptor‐like receptor, and receptor activity modifying proteins during osteoclast differentiation (2008)

The expressions of the calcitonin receptor (CTR), the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), the receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP) 1-3, and of the receptor component protein (RCP) have been studied in mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMM) during osteoclast differentiation, induced by treatment with M-CSF and RANKL. Analyses of mRNA showed that CLR and RAMP1-3, but not CTR, were expressed in M-CSF stimulated BMM. RANKL gradually increased CTR mRNA, transiently enhanced CLR and transiently decreased RAMP1 mRNA, but did not affect RAMP2, RAMP3, or RCP mRNA. However, RANKL did not affect protein levels of CLR or RAMP1-3 as assessed by Western blots or FACS analyses, whereas immunocytochemistry showed enhanced CTR protein. Analyses of cAMP production showed that BMM cells expressed functional receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin, adrenomedullin, and intermedin, but not for calcitonin and calcitonin receptor stimulating peptide (CRSP), but that RANKL induced the expression of receptors for calcitonin and CRSP as well. Calcitonin, CGRP, amylin, adrenomedullin, intermedin, and CRSP all down regulated the CTR mRNA, but none of the peptides caused any effects on the expression of CLR or any of the RAMPs. Our data show that BMM cells express receptors for CGRP, amylin, adrenomedullin, and intermedin and that RANKL induces the formation of receptors for calcitonin and CRSP in these cells. We also show, for the first time, that the CTR is not only down regulated by signaling through the CTR but also by the peptides signaling through CLR/RAMPs.
Molecular Determinants and Genetic Modifiers of Aggregation and Toxicity for the ALS Disease Protein FUS/TLS (2011)

TDP-43 and FUS are RNA-binding proteins that form cytoplasmic inclusions in some forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Moreover, mutations in TDP-43 and FUS are linked to ALS and FTLD. However, it is unknown whether TDP-43 and FUS aggregate and cause toxicity by similar mechanisms. Here, we exploit a yeast model and purified FUS to elucidate mechanisms of FUS aggregation and toxicity. Like TDP-43, FUS must aggregate in the cytoplasm and bind RNA to confer toxicity in yeast. These cytoplasmic FUS aggregates partition to stress granule compartments just as they do in ALS patients. Importantly, in isolation, FUS spontaneously forms pore-like oligomers and filamentous structures reminiscent of FUS inclusions in ALS patients. FUS aggregation and toxicity requires a prion-like domain, but unlike TDP-43, additional determinants within a RGG domain are critical for FUS aggregation and toxicity. In further distinction to TDP-43, ALS-linked FUS mutations do not promote aggregation. Finally, genome-wide screens uncovered stress granule assembly and RNA metabolism genes that modify FUS toxicity but not TDP-43 toxicity. Our findings suggest that TDP-43 and FUS, though similar RNA-binding proteins, aggregate and confer disease phenotypes via distinct mechanisms. These differences will likely have important therapeutic implications.
High-Level GPU Multi-purpose Profiler (2013)

The graphics processing units (GPUs) have become an integral part of today's computing systems. They have risen and evolved over the last years, becoming a platform for parallel computation with a large number of scalar processors and abundant memory bandwidth. They deliver high standard computation performance, but also require a lot of power supplies and cooling systems. Its rapid increase in both programmability and capability has allowed a powerful research community to arise - they have managed to successfully map out a broad range of computationally demanding, complex problems to the GPU. This paper presents a high-level GPU multi-purpose profiler using several general methods which can analyze not only the given source code, but also the run-time binary application. These models obtain the GPU running time, memory space used and the general flow of the application and, more importantly, it provides a platform on which further new metrics can be implemented.
Fuzzy logic and NeuroFuzzy applications explained (1995)

1. Fuzzy Logic in Minutes. 2. Fuzzy Logic Primer. 3. Development Tools for Fuzzy Systems. 4. NeuroFuzzy Technologies. 5. Case Studies of Industrial Applications. 6. Fuzzy Design Cookbook. 7. Using the Software. 8. Comparing Fuzzy vs. Conventional Control. References. Index.
Effects of Corticosteroids on Cytokine Generation and Expression of Activation Antigens by Monocytes in Bronchial Asthma (1991)

The capacity of corticosteroids to inhibit the secretion of cytokines and the expression of selective antigens on monocytes has been studied in corticosteroid-sensitive (CS) and corticosteroid-resistant (CR) asthmatic patients. Incubation of monocytes derived from CS subjects with hydrocortisone inhibited the production of the enhancing activity, whereas in CR subjects hydrocortisone at concentrations of up to 10(-4) M did not suppress the release of enhancing activity. There was a rank order of potency for corticosteroid action: hydrocortisone less than methylprednisolone less than dexamethasone. The major activity was characterized as a heat-sensitive peptide of 3,000 daltons. The expression of CR1, CR3 and class II on asthmatic peripheral-blood mononuclear cells was increased relative to normal control donors. Culturing monocytes for 24 h in the presence of 10(-4) M hydrocortisone inhibited the expression of CR1, CR3 and class II in CS subjects but not in CR individuals. These results suggest that monocytes of CR asthmatic patients can increase the inflammatory potential of neutrophils and that they are hyperactive, as indicated by increased cytokine production and enhanced expression of activation markers, despite the presence of corticosteroids.
Terpenoids Isolated from Psidium guajava Hexane Extract with Depressant Activity on Central Nervous System (1996)

A bioguided fractionation of the hexane extract obtained from Psidium guajava leaves led to the isolation of sesquiterpenes with depressant activities on the central nervous system. The results demonstrated that the already reported relaxant properties of Psidium guajava hexane extract are largely due to the presence of terpenes, especially caryophyllene-oxide and β-selinene, which were by far the largest single components and potentiated pentobarbital sleeping time and the latency of convulsions induced by leptazol in mice. Calcium concentration-response curves showed a rightward displacement when the active fraction was added to isolated guinea-pig ileum depolarized with K+ (60 mm) and cumulative concentrations of CaCl2, suggesting that caryophyllene-oxide, a known Ca2+ antagonist agent could be responsible for the blockade of extracellular Ca2+ observed with the active fraction.
A Reconfigurable 3D Engineering Shape Search System: Part I — Shape Representation (2003)

This paper presents an approach for a reconfigurable shape search system for 3D engineering models using a client-serverdatabase architecture. The current paper focuses on the server functionality, while a subsequent paper will focus on the database issues. The server takes the shape query as input from the client and converts it into feature vectors and a new skeletal graph representation which we have developed. The algorithms such as voxelization, skeletonization, and skeletal graph extraction for accomplishing these are described in detail. The principal advantages of the skeletal graph representation are that (i) it preserves the geometry and topology of the query model, (ii) it is considerably smaller than the B-Rep graph, and (iii) it is insensitive to minor perturbations in shape, while sensitive enough to capture the major features of a shape. Our representation is also synergistic with the human cognitive representation of shape. The results indicate that the skeletal graph is considerably smaller than the B-Rep graph even for complicated shapes.
Immune stimulating complexes as mucosal vaccines (1998)

There is a need for non-living adjuvant vectors that will allow a full range of local and systemic immune responses to orally administered purified antigens. Here we describe our experience with lipophilic immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) containing the saponin adjuvant Quil A. When given orally, ISCOMs containing the model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) induce a wide range of systemic immune responses, including Th1 and Th2 CD4-dependent activity, serum IgG antibodies and class I MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cell responses. In addition, there is local production of secretory IgA antibodies in the intestine itself, as well as priming of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in the draining lymphoid tissues. Preliminary results indicate that the mucosal adjuvant properties of ISCOMs may reflect their ability to deliver antigen combined with the pro-inflammatory properties of Quil A in a particulate form. Of the many inflammatory mediators induced, interleukin-12, derived from dendritic cells and/or macrophages, appears to be of central importance. These results indicate that ISCOMs may prove to be useful mucosal vaccine vectors with functions which are distinct from existing vectors of this type.
Mapping Datalog program execution to networks of processors (1995)

The problem of mapping the parallel bottom up execution of Datalog programs to an interconnected network of processors is studied. The parallelization is achieved by using hash functions that partition the set of instantiations for the rules. We first examine this problem in an environment where the number of processors and the interconnection topology is known, and communication between program segments residing at non-adjacent processors is not permitted. An algorithm is presented that decides whether a given Datalog program can be mapped onto such an architecture. We then relax the constraint on the architecture by allowing program segments residing at non-adjacent processors to communicate, A theory of approximate mappings is developed, and an algorithm to obtain the closest approximate mapping of a given Datalog program onto a given architecture is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The synthesis of nucleoside 2′(3′)‐phosphate 5′‐triphosphates (1968)

Recently it was showra that the RNA chti of the RNA bacteriophages [l--4] and T4 messenger RNA 151 start at tile 5' terminus with a S'-triphospbte group. Tfris being in contrast to the free 5'shydroxyl group of TMV RNA [6] or tie moP-ophosphorykted S'-hydroxyl group of all ribosomal IS,73 and transfer RNA @j examined so far. After base hydrolysis the 5' terminal nucleotide or" the ~CXXIEX RNA molecules will be released as ribonucleoside Z!'(-?')monc+,
Gluten, major histocompatibility complex, and the small intestine. A molecular and immunobiologic approach to the spectrum of gluten sensitivity ('celiac sprue'). (1992)

This article examines associations between gluten, polymorphisms of the major histocompatibility complex, and mucosal pathology representative of the spectrum of gluten sensitivity. Sequences of wheat, rye, and barley prolamins contain recurring tetrapeptide motifs that are predicted to have beta-reverse-turn secondary structure and that, with in vitro assays, appear active. Structural polymorphisms of major histocompatibility complex subloci identify codon switches within the second exon that control the third hypervariable region in the outer domain of the beta chain. Observations of the intestinal response to gluten reveal five interrelated lesions (preinfiltrative, infiltrative, hyperplastic, destructive, and hypoplastic) that are interpretable as cell-mediated immunologic responses. These responses originate in the lamina propria, where a series of antigen-specific inflammatory processes has now been identified. There is no evidence that celiac sprue is a disease of jejunal enterocytes. Furthermore, the role of intraepithelial space lymphocytes in pathogenesis, if relevant, needs further experimental dissection. Also awaiting further definition are polymorphisms of the celiac lymphocyte antigen receptor and their relationship to gliadin oligopeptide(s) and predisposing genes. The nature and basis of nonresponsive celiac sprue require more thoughtful initiatives to elucidate the immunologic mechanism(s) of unresponsiveness and evaluate possible means of reversal. Finally, a more sensible definition of gluten sensitivity (unhampered by qualitative morphological imagery) is ultimately called for in order to accommodate the biomolecular advances addressed in this review.
Acne vulgaris and free fatty acids. A review and criticism (1974)

Evidence supporting the view of an active role of free fatty acids in the pathogenesis of acne consists of (1) the irritating activity of free fatty acids, (2) their comedogenic activity, and (3) the fall in free fatty acid levels on the skin during tetracycline therapy. Evidence that free fatty acid concentrations in the follicle may be so high as to affect the follicular epithelium is lacking. The bacteria responsible for lipolysis in the follicle produce enzymes other than lipases, as well as antigens and possibly other undefined materials that may play active roles in the production of the acne lesion. The hypothesis that free fatty acids are involved in pathogenesis is, a hypothesis of a microbial pathogenesis of acne; if this is to be considered seriously, facets other than the production of lipases cannot be ignored.
Inhomogeneous luminance in organic light emitting diodes related to electrode resistivity (2006)

In organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with transparent electrodes, the luminance usually becomes inhomogeneous if the size of the pixel increases above 10mm. A theoretical model for inhomogeneous voltage and luminance in OLEDs is provided together with an approximate analytical solution for the problem in case of cylindrical symmetry. Experimental observations of inhomogeneous luminance are compared with numerical simulations based on the theoretical model, proving the applicability of the approximations made in the theoretical model.