gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perception of solar UVB radiation by phytophagous insects: Behavioral responses and ecosystem implications (1999)

Most of our present knowledge about the impacts of solar UVB radiation on terrestrial ecosystems comes from studies with plants. Recently, the effects of UVB on the growth and survival of consumer species have begun to receive attention, but very little is known about UVB impacts on animal behavior. Here we report that manipulations of the flux of solar UVB received by field-grown soybean crops had large and consistent effects on the density of the thrips (Caliothrips phaseoli, Thysanoptera: Thripidae) populations that invaded the canopies, as well as on the amount of leaf damage caused by the insects. Solar UVB strongly reduced thrips herbivory. Thrips not only preferred leaves from plants that were not exposed to solar UVB over leaves from UVB-exposed plants in laboratory and field choice experiments, but they also appeared to directly sense and avoid exposure to solar UVB. Additional choice experiments showed that soybean leaf consumption by the late-season soybean worm Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was much less intense in leaves with even slight symptoms of an early thrips attack than in undamaged leaves. These experiments suggest that phytophagous insects can present direct and indirect behavioral responses to solar UVB. The indirect responses are mediated by changes in the plant host that are induced by UVB and, possibly, by other insects whose behavior is affected by UVB.
Carbon-Based Honeycomb Monoliths for Environmental Gas-Phase Applications (2010)

Honeycomb monoliths consist of a large number of parallel channels that provide high contact efficiencies between the monolith and gas flow streams. These structures are used as adsorbents or supports for catalysts when large gas volumes are treated, because they offer very low pressure drop, short diffusion lengths and no obstruction by particulate matter. Carbon-based honeycomb monoliths can be integral or carbon-coated ceramic monoliths, and they take advantage of the versatility of the surface area, pore texture and surface chemistry of carbon materials. Here, we review the preparation methods of these monoliths, their characteristics and environmental applications.
Development and evaluation of BioScore (2009)

The authors described the creation of BioScore, a biomarker-based scoring system that can be used in tandem with established prognostic algorithms to further enhance ccRCC outcome prediction. The need for external validation notwithstanding, they envision that BioScore can be readily updated as new biomarkers are identified.
Evaluation of the effect of glucose ingestion and kinetic model configurations of FDG in the normal liver. (1994)

Dynamic FDG-PET studies can be used to evaluate kinetics of liver glucose metabolism. The results indicate that dietary conditions have a significant effect on hepatic FDG kinetics. Because of the higher net FDG uptake by normal liver after glucose loading, fasting conditions are preferred for FDG liver tumor studies to increase the tumor-to-background contrast.
A Fast and Low Complexity Image Codec based on Backward Coding of Wavelet Trees (2006)

A new approach of backward coding of wavelet trees (BCWT) is presented. Contrary to the common "forward" coding of wavelet trees from the highest level (lowest resolution), the new approach starts coding from the lowest level and goes backward by building a map of maximum quantization levels of descendants. BCWT eliminates several major bottlenecks of existing wavelet-tree-based codecs, namely tree-scanning, bitplane coding and dynamic lists management. Compared to SPIHT, BCWT encodes and decodes up to eight times faster without sacrificing PSNR. At the same time, BCWT provides desirable features such as low complexity, low memory usage, and resolution scalability.
Short Notices (1965)

Short Notices Get access DONALD READ DONALD READ University of Kent Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXX, Issue CCCXVII, October 1965, Pages 861-b–862, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXX.CCCXVII.861-b Published: 01 October 1965
Middle Level Teachers’ Perceptions of the Impact of Block Scheduling on Instruction and Learning (2001)

Middle level teachers who implemented a 4 X 4 semester block schedule were interviewed to determine their perceptions of the effects on instructional strategies and curricular decision making. Ten teachers from two middle level schools in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States were interviewed. Respondents report the use of more active instructional strategies. The majority of respondents believe that the amount of curricula studied must be altered to adjust to this alternative scheduling format. Teachers believe that young adolescents’ learning is positively influenced by block scheduling. The 4 X 4 semester block schedule was not found to promote the development of interdisciplinary studies or teacher teaming.
Alkoxide-functionalized imidazolium betaines for CO<sub>2</sub> activation and catalytic transformation (2013)

Alkoxide-functionalized imidazolium betaines (AFIBs) functioned as organocatalysts for the coupling of CO<sub>2</sub> with propargylic alcohols to give valuable cyclic carbonates <italic>via</italic> AFIB-CO<sub>2</sub> adducts.
Biocatalytic Imine Reduction and Reductive Amination of Ketones (2015)

Abstract Chiral amines represent a prominent functional group in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals and are hence attractive targets for asymmetric synthesis. Since the pharmaceutical industry has identified biocatalysis as a valuable tool for synthesising chiral molecules with high enantiomeric excess and under mild reaction conditions, enzymatic methods for chiral amine synthesis are increasing in importance. Among the strategies available in this context, the asymmetric reduction of imines by NAD(P)H‐dependent enzymes and the related reductive amination of ketones have long remained underrepresented. However, recent years have witnessed an impressive progress in the application of natural or engineered imine‐reducing enzymes, such as imine reductases, opine dehydrogenases, amine dehydrogenases, and artificial metalloenzymes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of biocatalytic imine reduction and reductive amination of ketones, highlighting the natural roles, substrate scopes, structural features, and potential application fields of the involved enzymes. magnified image
Dry Gas Seal Used in Unipol Polypropylene Plant Cycle Gas Compressor (2011)

In this article, brief introduced the structural and principle of dry gas seal, the situation of dry gas seal used in UNIPOL polypropylene plant cycle gas compressor and introduced the structural and the matters need attention.
Chapter 12: Cough (2015)

PharmacyLibrary® provides the most current resources for a changing profession, featuring APhA’s authoritative textbooks, PharmacotherapyFirst, interactive self-assessments, over 250 Active Learning Exercises easily adaptable for a variety of educational settings, case studies, and more.
Introduction: Sovereignty and the Globalization of Intellectual Property, Symposium (1998)

This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the LawSchool Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been acceptedfor inclusion in Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies by an authorizedadministrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information,please contactwattn@indiana.edu.
Familial Clustering of Gastric Cancer (2016)

This comprehensive cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors contributing to familial aggregation of gastric cancer (GC). A total of 1058 GC patients and 1268 controls were analyzed separately according to the presence or absence of a first-degree relative of GC (GC-relative). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, residence during childhood, smoking, alcohol intake, monthly income, spicy food ingestion, Helicobacter pylori status and host cytokine polymorphisms was performed. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) positivity was a distinctive risk factor for GC in the family history (FH)-positive group (odds ratio [OR], 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-4.00), while current/ex-smoker, moderate to strong spicy food ingestion, and non-B blood types were more closely associated with GC in the FH-negative group. Among the FH-positive group, alcohol consumption showed a synergistic carcinogenic effect in the at least 2 GC-relatives group compared to the 1 GC-relative group (1.71 vs. 9.58, P for interaction = 0.026), and this was dose-dependent. In the subjects with ≥2 GC-relatives, TGFB1-509T/T was a risk factor for GC (OR 23.74; 95% CI 1.37-410.91), as were rural residency in childhood, alcohol consumption, spicy food ingestion, and cagA positivity. These results suggest that subjects with FH may be a heterogeneous group in terms of gastric cancer susceptibility. Especially, subjects with ≥2 GC-relatives should undergo risk stratification including TGFB1-509T/T and alcohol consumption.
L(+)-Lactic acid recovery from cassava bagasse based fermented medium using anion exchange resins (2008)

The properties of the ion exchange resins, Amberlite IRA 402, a strong anion exchange resin and IRA 67, a weak anion exchange resin were determined to evaluate their comparative suitability for lactic acid recovery from fermented cassava bagasse. Data on binding capacities and recovery proved that weak base resin in chloride form was the most favourable ones for lactic acid recovery from aqueous solutions and fermentation media. Fermented media obtained through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cassava bagasse starch hydrolysate based medium were used for lactic acid recovery study using weak base resin column. Amberlite IRA 67 had much more efficiency than Amberlite IRA 402 to recover lactic acid. Like in other reports, due to the presence of nutrients and ions other than lactate, the binding capacity was slightly lesser while using fermented media (~93%) instead of aqueous lactic acid solutions (~98%).
Cardiac Troponin I but Not Cardiac Troponin T Induces Severe Autoimmune Inflammation in the Myocardium (2006)

Overall, our results show for the first time that provocation of an autoimmune response to mc-TnI induces severe inflammation in the myocardium followed by fibrosis and heart failure with increased mortality in mice.
Phase Equilibria and Microstructure on &gamma;&prime; Phase in Co-Ni-Al-W System (2008)

Phase equilibria between the γ and γ′ phases at 900°C in the Co-(10–70)Ni-Al-W system were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). It was found that the γ′ phase with L12 structure continuously exists from the Co side to the Ni side in Co-Ni-Al-W system and that it widens to the low W region with increasing Ni content. The partition of Al into the γ′ phase increased with Ni content, while the W changed from a γ′ former to a γ former by increase of Ni content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements also revealed that the γ′ solvus temperature increases with Ni content, while the solidus temperature is hardly affected by such content. The lattice parameter of the γ and γ′ phases and the mismatch decreased with increasing Ni content, which caused the morphologic change of the γ′ precipitates from cubes to spheres.
Vibration 2002 - Identifying the Source and Solving the Problem (2002)

During the 1980s the author wrote an article with a similar title for the Institute of Marine Engineers, but since that time the technology and instrumentation associated with vibration analysis has changed considerably. This is particularly as a result of the introduction of quite powerful and relatively inexpensive computer technology. These readily available computers are ideal for operation in conjunction with specialised vibration software. They can operate using data gathered by means of a suitable portable data collector or from instruments directly connected to a computer with matching software. Most ship owners, and ship and offshore operators, realise that severe levels of vibration are not only a health hazard, but can result in very serious and expensive damage to the machinery and structure of the vessel. In this Paper we are going to consider two case histories which are typical of the problems encountered on many ships. Experienced VCI consultants using vibration technology have determined the solutions in both of these case histories.
Dual switched mode power converter (2003)

A dual power converter is introduced which addresses the problem of output ripple and switching losses in a switched power converter. One stage of the power converter is a conventional PWM (pulse-width modulated) converter, and the other stage is a linear source. The linear source controls the voltage directly, and the output current of the linear stage is used to generate the control signal for the switching stage. This scheme is modeled as a two-stage control system, and the overall response is obtained in terms of the individual transfer functions. The PWM converter supplies most of the current, while the linear source supplies the reverse of the ripple current. Two DC-to-DC buck converters have been designed and implemented, giving excellent ripple suppression and high efficiency at very low switching frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structures and Ferroelectric Natures of Epitaxially Grown Vinylidene Fluoride Oligomer Thin Films (2000)

Structural and electrical properties of newly synthesized vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer thin film have been investigated. The FTIR spectrum showed that the epitaxially grown film on KBr(001) substrate consists of form I (β phase) crystals and their c axes (molecular axes) and b axes (polar axes) are arranged parallel to the KBr substrate. To make electrical measurements possible, this film was transferred onto a gold bottom electrode without causing any changes in the crystalline structures. By using a modified atomic force microscope, we succeeded in the formation of local polarized domains as well as the clear observation of piezoresponse hysteresis curves in this sample. The coercive field and piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) for the 37-nm-thick film were about 200 MV/m and -3 pm/V, respectively. It was suggested that the b axis in the as-grown film rotated from the parallel to the perpendicular direction to the film surface during the poling process. This study reveals the ferroelectric characteristics in the VDF oligomer thin films for the first time.
An Efficient and Effective Methodology to Control Turn-On Sequence of Power Switches for Power Gating Designs (2016)

As technology advances, power consumption becomes a big challenge in modern very large-scale integration designs. To resolve this problem, power-gated technology has been widely adopted in circuit designs. Since the turn-on sequence of power switches has a great impact on the rush current, wake-up, and sequence times of a power gating design, this paper proposes a methodology to construct a hybrid routing structure to connect power switches. Our hybrid routing structure can induce less rush current and satisfy timing constraints because a better daisy chain is constructed. To find members of the daisy chain, an integer linear programming algorithm is used to pick up suitable power switches. To determine suitable depth of a daisy chain, we propose a model for a power gating design and induct precise equations to estimate voltage and rush current equations according to the model. All of our experiments are based on industrial designs and measured by vendor tools. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our design methodology.
Diffusion, Crowding & Protein Stability in a Dynamic Molecular Model of the Bacterial Cytoplasm (2010)

A longstanding question in molecular biology is the extent to which the behavior of macromolecules observed in vitro accurately reflects their behavior in vivo. A number of sophisticated experimental techniques now allow the behavior of individual types of macromolecule to be studied directly in vivo; none, however, allow a wide range of molecule types to be observed simultaneously. In order to tackle this issue we have adopted a computational perspective, and, having selected the model prokaryote Escherichia coli as a test system, have assembled an atomically detailed model of its cytoplasmic environment that includes 50 of the most abundant types of macromolecules at experimentally measured concentrations. Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations of the cytoplasm model have been calibrated to reproduce the translational diffusion coefficients of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) observed in vivo, and "snapshots" of the simulation trajectories have been used to compute the cytoplasm's effects on the thermodynamics of protein folding, association and aggregation events. The simulation model successfully describes the relative thermodynamic stabilities of proteins measured in E. coli, and shows that effects additional to the commonly cited "crowding" effect must be included in attempts to understand macromolecular behavior in vivo.
Random pattern generation for post-silicon validation of DDR3 SDRAM (2015)

Due to the demand of pursuing a main memory with larger data bandwidth, higher data density, and lower power, the specification of DRAM has been constantly evolved in the past decade. The new DRAM specifications support multiple operating modes with multiple timing settings. It then becomes computationally infeasible to exhaustively validate all the combinations of different operating modes, timing settings and address/data with pure simulation before silicon. In this paper, we propose a framework to generate proper random patterns for validating a newly designed DDR3 SDRAM based on its first silicon chips. The proposed framework needs to not only guarantee the correctness of the generated patterns according to the state diagram and timing constraints defined in the specification but also provide the flexibility of exploring various design corners for the targeted DDR3 SDRAM. We will also show some successful silicon-validation cases of applying the proposed framework to identify the design errors based on real DDR3 SDRAM products.
A new approach for line recognition in large-size images using Hough transform (2003)

Applications of the Hough Transform (HT) have been limited to small-size images for a long time. For large-size images, peak detection and line verification become much more time-consuming. Many HT-based line detection methods are not able to detect line width. This paper proposes a new approach for detecting line segments using HT, with applicability to large size images, especially for those situations where line width is critical. Our approach applies a boundary recorder to eliminate redundant analyses, and employs an image-analysis-based line-verification method to overcome the difficulty of using a threshold to distinguish short lines from noise. It avoids overlapping lines by removing the pixels of detected line segments, a method which is more robust than only clearing the N/spl times/N neighborhood. This approach could be easily extended to improved HT methods that perform global accumulation. Experimental results show that this approach is very time efficient for large-size images.
Neutron and x-ray diffraction studies of liquids and glasses (2005)

The techniques of neutron diffraction and x-ray diffraction, as applied to structural studies of liquids and glasses, are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the explanation and discussion of the experimental techniques and data analysis methods, as illustrated by the results of representative experiments. The disordered, isotropic nature of the structure of liquids and glasses leads to special considerations and certain difficulties when neutron and x-ray diffraction techniques are applied, especially when used in combination on the same system. Recent progress in experimental technique, as well as in data analysis and computer simulation, has motivated the writing of this review.
Stabilization of β-catenin in XY gonads causes male-to-female sex-reversal (2008)

During mammalian sex determination, expression of the Y-linked gene Sry shifts the bipotential gonad toward a testicular fate by upregulating a feed-forward loop between FGF9 and SOX9 to establish SOX9 expression in somatic cells. We previously proposed that these signals are mutually antagonistic with counteracting signals in XX gonads and that a shift in the balance of these factors leads to either male or female development. Evidence in mice and humans suggests that the male pathway is opposed by the expression of two signals, WNT4 and R-SPONDIN-1 (RSPO1), that promote the ovarian fate and block testis development. Both of these ligands can activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Duplication of the distal portion of chromosome 1p, which includes both WNT4 and RSPO1, overrides the male program and causes male-to-female sex reversal in XY patients. To determine whether activation of beta-catenin is sufficient to block the testis pathway, we have ectopically expressed a stabilized form of beta-catenin in the somatic cells of XY gonads. Our results show that activation of beta-catenin in otherwise normal XY mice effectively disrupts the male program and results in male-to-female sex-reversal. The identification of beta-catenin as a key pro-ovarian and anti-testis signaling molecule will further our understanding of the mechanisms controlling sex determination and the molecular mechanisms that lead to sex-reversal.
Mathematics and computer science at odds over real numbers (1991)

This paper discusses the "real number" data type as implemented by "floating point" numbers.Floating point
Barrier sensor based on plastic optical fiber to determine the wind speed at a wind generator (2000)

We have made use of the properties of plastic optical fibers (POFs) to develop a sensor for determining the wind speed in a wind generator. As POFs are easy to handle, flexible, economical, and immune to electromagnetic interference, we have utilized them to design an inexpensive sensor that is not affected by storms, which are one of the major problems in wind generators. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented. Specifically, we study the dynamic characteristics of the sensor by taking into account the light reflections on a mobile surface and by using two different theoretical approaches. The corresponding experimental results corroborate the validity of such approaches.
Polarization mode dispersion in a coil of single-mode fiber (1985)

Polarization mode dispersion resulting from lateral stress by bending is measured as a function of bending curvature. The magnitude of the modal dispersion is found to be 286 psec/km for a bending radius of 2.8 mm. The experimental result is in good agreement with that predicted theoretically for bulk material.
Optimization of Extraction Process of Flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa and Identification of Its Structure (2011)

[Objective]To optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa and identify its structure,so as to provide reference for the further development of the medicinal value of Hedyotis diffusa. [Method] By employing single factor test and orthogonal test,the extraction process of flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa was opitimized. Its chemical structure was identified by UV and IR analysis. [Result] The influencing order of each factor on the yield of flavonoids was determined to be extraction temperatureconcentration of ethanol extraction durationsolid to liquid ratio,and the optimal extraction conditions were as follows:80% of ethanol concentration,40 min of extraction duration,1∶40 of solid to liquid ratio and 80 ℃ of extraction temperature. The yield of flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa was up to 2.86% under the optimum extraction conditions. The flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa were rich in flavonol. [Conclusion] The study provides reference for the further development of the medicinal value of Hedyotis diffusa.