gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> functional chronic imaging of a small animal model using optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2009)

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has been validated as a valuable tool for label-free volumetric microvascular imaging. More importantly, the advantages of noninvasiveness and measurement consistency suggest the use of OR-PAM for chronic imaging of intact microcirculation. Here, such chronic imaging is demonstrated for the first time by monitoring the healing process of laser-induced microvascular lesions in a small animal model in vivo. The central part of a 1 mm by 1 mm region in a nude mouse ear was treated under a continuous-wave laser to create a microvascular lesion for chronic study. The region of interest was imaged before the laser treatment, immediately after the treatment, and throughout the healing process using both the authors' OR-PAM system and a commercial transmission-mode optical microscope. Three-dimensional microvascular morphology and blood oxygenation information were imaged simultaneously at capillary-level resolution. Transmission-mode optical microscopic images were acquired for comparison. OR-PAM has potential important applications in microcirculatory physiology or pathophysiology, tumor angiogenesis, laser microsurgery, and neuroscience.
Gα12/13- and Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase and p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by Angiotensin Receptor Stimulation in Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes (2005)

In the present study, we examined signal transduction mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the role of ROS in angiotensin II-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Among three MAPKs, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK required ROS production for activation, as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium, inhibited the activation. The angiotensin II-induced activation of JNK and p38 MAPK was also inhibited by the expression of the Galpha(12/13)-specific regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain, a specific inhibitor of Galpha(12/13), but not by an RGS domain specific for Galpha(q). Constitutively active Galpha(12)- or Galpha(13)-induced activation of JNK and p38 MAPK, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium. Angiotensin II receptor stimulation rapidly activated Galpha(13), which was completely inhibited by the Galpha(12/13)-specific RGS domain. Furthermore, the Galpha(12/13)-specific but not the Galpha(q)-specific RGS domain inhibited angiotensin II-induced ROS production. Dominant negative Rac inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated ROS production, JNK activation, and p38 MAPK activation but did not affect ERK activation. Rac activation was mediated by Rho and Rho kinase, because Rac activation was inhibited by C3 toxin and a Rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632. Furthermore, angiotensin II-induced Rho activation was inhibited by Galpha(12/13)-specific RGS domain but not dominant negative Rac. An inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase AG1478 did not affect angiotensin II-induced JNK activation cascade. These results suggest that Galpha(12/13)-mediated ROS production through Rho and Rac is essential for JNK and p38 MAPK activation.
Insite: Site and Sight (Part 1 - Insights on Insite) (2011)

The Insite case is a great study for students of constitutional law. The twinning of a claim of inter-jurisdictional immunity - in a somewhat novel application to provincial jurisdiction - to the assertion by some of Canada's most marginalized citizens of the fundamental freedoms of life, liberty, and security of the person delivers a compact and compelling recitation of basic features of Canada's constitutional landscape. The case is set in the landscape of the Vancouver's Downtown East-side (DTES) - a geography of spatial outcomes that reflects balances of economic and social power and displacement. This place has a specific demography and is shaped by particular sets of social conflict and cohesion. The "landscape" is inner city and urban, a material outlook that is among the poorest in North America, and a symbolic vista that signals the multiple blights of race, gender, culture, and class oppressions of 21st century capitalism. Thus, "landscape" signifies both "a physical environment and . . . a particular way of seeing a space."' It is both "site and sight." Both aspects are useful in thinking about the social geography that underlies the legal argument and about how rights to citizenship so often instantiate in property and space. The purpose of the author’s comment is to link the case's jurisprudential allure back to the local politics and activism out of which the legal argument sprang. What aperçus she offers about Insite focuses primarily on reflections that centre thinking about geography and its margins, space, politics, and law.
Improvement of the stability of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 by microencapsulation using alginate and chitosan (2001)

Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 was microencapsulated within alginate or alginate/chitosan double membrane using an air atomizer. Microbiological analysis revealed that the viability of encapsulated L. casei in gastric juice, hydrogen peroxide, and pepsin was 2-3 log cycle higher than that of the nonencapsulated cell. However, the encapsulated cells did not show a significant increase in survival when subjected to in vitro high acid and 0.6% bile salt condition. Alginate-encapsulated, alginate/chitosan-encapsulated, and nonencapsulated cells were stored at different temperatures and storage stability was determined. Nonencapsulated and encapsulated cells showed similar stability at 4°C. However, at 22°C, the alginate/chitosan-encapsulated cell was the most stable.
Cytokine regulation of human intestinal primary epithelial cell susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis (2002)

The regulatory mechanisms of nontransformed intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis have not been thoroughly investigated. We determined the susceptibility and mechanism of Fas-mediated apoptosis in nontransformed human intestinal epithelial cells (HIPEC) in the presence and absence of inflammatory cytokines. Despite ample expression of Fas, HIPEC were relatively insensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis in that agonist anti-Fas antibody (CH11) induced a <25% increase in HIPEC apoptosis. Pretreatment of HIPEC with interferon (IFN)-gamma, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, significantly increased CH11-induced apoptosis of these cells without increasing Fas expression. Increased apoptosis correlated with increased caspase 3 activation but not expression of procaspase 3. Also, there was a significant delay in the onset of Fas-mediated apoptosis in HIPEC, which correlated with the generation of an activated caspase 3 p22/20 subunit. HIPEC required both initiator caspases 8 and 9 activity but expressed significantly less of the zymogen form of these caspases than did control cells. IFN-gamma-mediated sensitization of HIPEC occurred upstream of caspase 9 activation and correlated with a small increase in procaspase 8 expression (<1-fold increase) and a significant increase in expression of an intermediate form (p35) of caspase 4 (3.3-fold increase).
Periodontal Vaccines: A Sophisticated Treatment Design in the Future? (2015)

Introduction It is now thought that periodontal disease is a specifically combined infection of polymicrobial Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, including Porphyromonas. gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tunnerella forsythia, and Aggregatibactor actinomycetemcomitans, all of which have b
Interleukin gene polymorphisms and breast cancer: a case control study and systematic literature review (2006)

Polymorphisms within key interleukin genes (IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4R, IL6 and IL10 do not appear to play a significant overall role in breast cancer susceptibility or severity.
Oral Versus Topical Ibuprofen for Chronic KneePain: A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study (2010)

Treatment of chronic knee pain with topical ibuprofen provided comparable clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction as oral ibuprofen in this pilot study.
Implications of New Proteomics Strategies for Biology and Medicine (2004)

Advances in proteomics have fundamentally changed the paradigm of discovery for drug targets and novel biomarkers. Proteomics methodologies currently used will be reviewed in this paper, including structural proteomics, quantitative proteomics, and functional proteomics. A strategy to identify differentially expressed cell surface proteins as monoclonal therapeutic targets in oncology will be discussed.
Effects of Physical and Chemical Heterogeneity on Water‐Quality Samples Obtained from Wells (1993)

Abstract Factors that affect the mass of chemical constituents entering a well include the distributions of flow rate and chemical concentrations along and near the screened or open section of the well. Assuming a layered porous medium (with each layer being characterized by a uniform hydraulic conductivity and chemical concentration), a knowledge of the flow from each layer along the screened zone and of the chemical concentrations in each layer enables the total mass entering the well to be determined. Analyses of hypothetical systems and a site at Galloway, NJ, provide insight into the temporal variation of water‐quality data observed when withdrawing water from screened wells in heterogeneous ground‐water systems. The analyses of hypothetical systems quantitatively indicate the cause‐and‐effect relations that cause temporal variability in water samples obtained from wells. Chemical constituents that have relatively uniform concentrations with depth may not show variations in concentrations in the water discharged from a well after the well is purged (evacuation of standing water in the well casing). However, chemical constituents that do not have uniform concentrations near the screened interval of the well may show variations in concentrations in the well discharge water after purging because of the physics of ground‐water flow in the vicinity of the screen. Water‐quality samples were obtained through time over a 30 minute period from a site at Galloway, NJ. The water samples were analyzed for aromatic hydrocarbons, and the data for benzene, toluene, and meta+para xylene were evaluated for temporal variations. Samples were taken from seven discrete zones, and the flow‐weighted concentrations of benzene, toluene, and meta+para xylene all indicate an increase in concentration over time during pumping. These observed trends in time were reproduced numerically based on the estimated concentration distribution in the aquifer and the flow rates from each zone. The results of the hypothetical numerical experiments and the analysis of the field data both corroborate the impact of physical and chemical heterogeneity in the aquifer on water‐quality samples obtained from wells. If temporal variations in concentrations of chemical constituents are observed, they may indicate variability in the ground‐water system being sampled, which may give insight into the chemical distributions within the aquifer and provide guidance in the positioning of new sampling devices or wells.
Image segmentation using hierarchical meshes (2003)

The object boundary of an image plays an important role in image interpretation. In this paper, we introduce a concept of hierarchical mesh-based image segmentation for finding object boundaries. In each hierarchical layer, we employ neighborhood searching and boundary tracking methods to refine the initial boundary estimate. We also apply a local region growing method to define closed contours. Experimental results indicate that reliable segmentation of objects can be accomplished by the proposed low complexity technique.
Rapid modulation of long‐term depression and spinogenesis via synaptic estrogen receptors in hippocampal principal neurons (2006)

Rapid modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by estrogen has long been a hot topic, but analysis of molecular mechanisms via synaptic estrogen receptors has been seriously difficult. Here, two types of independent synaptic plasticity, long-term depression (LTD) and spinogenesis, were investigated, in response to 17beta-estradiol and agonists of estrogen receptors using hippocampal slices from adult male rats. Multi-electrode investigations demonstrated that estradiol rapidly enhanced LTD not only in CA1 but also in CA3 and dentate gyrus. Dendritic spine morphology analysis demonstrated that the density of thin type spines was selectively increased in CA1 pyramidal neurons within 2 h after application of 1 nm estradiol. This enhancement of spinogenesis was completely suppressed by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor. Only the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha agonist, (propyl-pyrazole-trinyl)tris-phenol (PPT), induced the same enhancing effect as estradiol on both LTD and spinogenesis in the CA1. The ERbeta agonist, (4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN), suppressed LTD and did not affect spinogenesis. Because the mode of synaptic modulations by estradiol was mostly the same as that by the ERalpha agonist, a search was made for synaptic ERalpha using purified RC-19 antibody qualified using ERalpha knockout (KO) mice. Localization of ERalpha in spines of principal glutamatergic neurons was demonstrated using immunogold electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. ERalpha was also located in nuclei, cytoplasm and presynapses.
Vastly Undersampled Isotropic Projection Steady-State Free Precession Imaging of the Knee: Diagnostic Performance Compared with Conventional MR (2009)

VIPR-SSFP can provide important clinical information regarding the cartilage, ligaments, menisci, and osseous structures of the knee, but is less sensitive than conventional MR imaging at helping detect lateral meniscal tears and bone marrow edema lesions.
Platelet‐derived VEGF, Flt‐1, Angiopoietin‐1 and P‐selectin in breast and prostate cancer: further evidence for a role of platelets in tumour angiogenesis (2004)

We have shown that our previously developed platelet lysate technique could be used to measure indices of angiogenesis, and their respective receptors, and that this assay can be applied to patients with cancer. Our study also provides further evidence that platelets may influence angiogenic abnormalities in human cancer. The platelet may be a useful target in anti-cancer strategies.
Functional Characterisation of Homomeric Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors GluR1-GluR6 in a Fluorescence-Based High Throughput Screening Assay (2006)

We have constructed stable HEK293 cell lines expressing the rat ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes GluR1(i), GluR2Q(i), GluR3(i), GluR4(i), GluR5Q and GluR6Q and characterised the pharmacological profiles of the six homomeric receptors in a fluorescence-based high throughput screening assay using Fluo-4/AM as a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator. In this assay, the pharmacological properties of nine standard GluR ligands correlated nicely with those previously observed in electrophysiology studies of GluRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cells. The potencies and efficacies displayed by the agonists (S)-glutamate, (S)-quisqualate, kainate, (RS)-AMPA, (RS)-ATPA, (RS)-ACPA] and (S)-4-AHCP at the six GluRs were in concordance with electrophysiological studies. Furthermore, the Ki values exhibited by the competitive antagonists NBQX and (RS)-ATPO were also in agreement with findings of previous studies. Finally, the effects of various concentrations of Ca2+ in the assay buffer and of the allosteric modulators cyclothiazide and concanavalin A on GluR signalling were examined. This study represents the most elaborate functional characterisation of multiple AMPA and KA receptor subtypes in the same assay reported to date. We propose that high throughput screening of compound libraries at the six GluR-HEK293 cell lines could be helpful in the search for structurally and pharmacologically novel ligands acting at the receptors.
Discovering large dense subgraphs in massive graphs (2005)

We present a new algorithm for finding large, dense subgraphs in massive graphs. Our algorithm is based on a recursive application of fingerprinting via shingles, and is extremely efficient, capable of handling graphs with tens of billions of edges on a single machine with modest resources.We apply our algorithm to characterize the large, dense subgraphs of a graph showing connections between hosts on the World Wide Web; this graph contains over 50M hosts and 11B edges, gathered from 2.1B web pages. We measure the distribution of these dense subgraphs and their evolution over time. We show that more than half of these hosts participate in some dense subgraph found by the analysis. There are several hundred giant dense subgraphs of at least ten thousand hosts; two thousand dense subgraphs at least a thousand hosts; and almost 64K dense subgraphs of at least a hundred hosts.Upon examination, many of the dense subgraphs output by our algorithm are link spam, i.e., websites that attempt to manipulate search engine rankings through aggressive interlinking to simulate popular content. We therefore propose dense subgraph extraction as a useful primitive for spam detection, and discuss its incorporation into the workflow of web search engines.
Gas Detection Using Portable Deep-UV Absorption Spectrophotometry: A Review (2019)

Several gas molecules of environmental and domestic significance exhibit a strong deep-UV absorption. Therefore, a sensitive and a selective gas detector based on this unique molecular property (i.e., absorption at a specific wavelength) can be developed using deep-UV absorption spectrophotometry. UV absorption spectrometry provides a highly sensitive, reliable, self-referenced, and selective approach for gas sensing. This review article addresses the recent progress in the application of deep-UV absorption for gas sensing owing to its inherent features and tremendous potentials. Applications, advancements, and challenges related to UV emission sources, gas cells, and UV photodetectors are assessed and compared. We present the relevant theoretical aspects and challenges associated with the development of portable sensitive spectrophotometer. Finally, the applications of UV absorption spectrometry for ozone, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and aromatic organic compounds during the last decades are discussed and compared. A portable UV absorption spectrophotometer can be developed by using LEDs, hollow core waveguides (HCW), and UV photodetectors (i.e., photodiodes). LED provides a portable UV emission source with low power input, low-intensity drifts, low cost, and ease of alignment. It is a quasi-chromatic UV source and covers the absorption band of molecules without optical filters for absorbance measurement of a target analyte. HCWs can be applied as a miniature gas cell for guiding UV radiation for measurement of low gas concentrations. Photodiodes, on the other hand, offer a portable UV photodetector with excellent spectral selectivity with visible rejection, minimal dark current, linearity, and resistance against UV-aging.
Responsiveness of Female Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to Flower Extracts (1982)

Extracts of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) were prepared with 5 solvents having a range of polarities. These extracts were tested for attractiveness to Aedes aegypti females by using an olfactory probing response test, which measured the proportion of mosquitoes probing toward an extract residue. The extracts did not significantly differ from one another in attractiveness. A methanol extract of common milkweed, a methylene chloride extract of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), and a diethyl ether extract of honey were used in experiments to examine changes in mosquito responsiveness during food deprivation following 3 events: (a) emergence, (b) engorgement on a 5% sucrose solution, and (c) engorgement on blood. Mosquitoes did not respond at emergence or immediately after a sucrose or blood meal, but they became progressively more responsive with increasing food deprivation. The honey extract was more attractive than milkweed in the early stages of deprivation, and milkweed extract was more attractive than both goldenrod and honey extracts in the late stages of deprivation. The return of responsiveness to milkweed occurred sooner after the sucrose meal than after the blood meal. After the blood meal, responsiveness remained low until the oviposition period.
17.7 A 1.89nW/0.15V self-charged XO for real-time clock generation (2014)

A 32.768kHz crystal (XTAL) with its oscillation circuit is widely adopted for the generation of the real-time keeping and system-standby clock. Both functions are universally demanded by various systems such as cellular phones, smart wearable devices, GPS, etc. High frequency stability against environmental variations is necessary to meet system requirements. To increase the system stand-by time under limited battery capacity, an ultra-low power crystal oscillator (XO) is strongly demanded.
Cement and concrete science & technology (1991)

Cement and concrete science & technology , Cement and concrete science & technology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Complement activation in septic shock patients (1986)

To evaluate the status of the complement system and to determine the effects of corticosteroids on complement component levels in septic shock, C3, C4, and Factor B were measured in 42 patients with severe late septic shock. Serum levels of C4 and Factor B correlated with C3 levels (r = 0.48 and 0.64, respectively; p less than .01) in patients in shock for more than 4 h, but only Factor B correlated with C3 (r = 0.85; p less than .01) in patients in shock for 4 h or less. C3 and Factor B levels were significantly (p less than .05) lower in patients who died (12,174 +/- 1,524 CH50 U/ml and 14 +/- 1 mg/dl, respectively) than in patients who survived (18,418 +/- 2,833 CH50 U/ml and 21 +/- 2 mg/dl, respectively). Corticosteroids did not alter complement component levels. The alternative pathway appears to be activated early in septic shock, whereas the classical pathway is activated later. C3 and Factor B levels may predict survival of patients in septic shock. In this study, corticosteroids did not change the complement component levels of patients in late severe septic shock.
Characteristics of Thin-Film Transistors Based on 2,8-Disubstituted Chrysene Derivatives with Polymer-Treated SiO2 Dielectric Layers (2013)

We investigated the characteristics of organic thin-film transistors based on 2,8-disubstituted chrysene derivatives with a polymer treated SiO2 dielectric layer to examine the effect of polymer coating. Field-effect characteristics were strongly influenced by the applied polymer insulators, and the best field-effect mobility (2.8 cm2 V−1 s−1) was obtained for the CYTOP-treated device incorporating 2,8-diphenyl chrysene.