gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequences Located 3′ to the Breakpoint of the Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin-3 Deletion Exhibit Enhancer Activity and Can Modify the Developmental Expression of the Human Fetal Aγ-Globin Gene in Transgenic Mice (1995)

Expression of fetal gamma-globin genes in individuals with the deletion forms of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) has been attributed either to enhancement by 3' regulatory elements juxtaposed to gamma-globin genes or to deletion of gamma-gene silencers normally residing within the beta-globin gene cluster. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis of imported enhancers downstream of beta-globin gene using the HPFH-3 deletion as a model. The abnormal bridging fragment of 13.6 kilobases (kb) containing the A gamma-gene with its flanking sequences and 6.2 kb of the juxtaposed region was microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs. Twelve transgenic mice positive for the fragment were generated. Samples from 11.5-day yolk sacs, 16-day fetal liver, and adult blood were analyzed for A gamma-mRNA using RNase protection assays. Three mice lacked A gamma expression in the yolk sac indicating non-optimal integration site. Four expressed A gamma-mRNA at the embryonic stage only, while two expressed A gamma-mRNA in both embryonic and fetal liver erythroid cells. Since the A gamma-gene with its normal flanking sequences and in the absence of the locus control region is expressed only in embryonic cells of transgenic mice, these data suggest that the juxtaposed sequences have altered the developmental specificity of the fetal gamma-globin gene. These sequences were further tested for the presence of an enhancer element, by their ability to activate a fusion reporter gene consisting of the CAT gene linked to the gamma-globin gene promoter, in erythroid (K562) and non-erythroid (HeLa) cells. A 0.7-kb region located immediately 3' to the breakpoint, enhanced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity by 3-fold in erythroid cells. The enhancer also activated the embryonic epsilon-globin gene promoter by 2-fold but not the adult beta- or delta-globin gene promoters. The enhancer represents a region of previously known complex tandem repeats; in this study we have completed the sequencing of the region encompassing the 0.7-kb enhancer element. Multiple areas of the enhancer region exhibit homology to the core element of the simian virus 40 enhancer and to the sequences of the human 3' A gamma- and the chicken 3' beta-globin enhancers. A consensus binding site for the erythroid specific GATA-1 transcription factor and seven consensus sites for the ubiquitous CP1 transcription factor are also included within the enhancer. These data suggest that these sequences located immediately 3' to the breakpoint of the HPFH-3 deletion, exhibit both the structure and the function of an enhancer, and can modify the developmental specificity of the fetal gamma-globin genes, resulting in their continued expression during adult life.
Una Tipología de Métodos Generales desde una Perspectiva Sistémica (2000)

"Social Research can be made both from an analytical conception or from a systemic conception. In the first, the system is divisible in its parts, which keep the properties of the system. In the second, the system constitutes a hole which cannot be re-constituted from the properties of the mere sub-systems."
A segmental speech model with applications to word spotting (1993)

The authors present a segmental speech model that explicitly models the dynamics in a variable-duration speech segment by using a time-varying trajectory model of the speech features in the segment. Each speech segment is represented by a set of statistics which includes a time-varying trajectory, a residual error covariance around the trajectory, and the number of frames in the segment. These statistics replace the frames in the segment and become the data that are modeled by either HMMs (hidden Markov models) or mixture models. This segment model is used to develop a secondary processing algorithm that rescores putative events hypothesized by a primary HMM word spotter to try to improve performance by discriminating true keywords from false alarms. This algorithm is evaluated on a keyword spotting task using the Road Rally Database, and performance is shown to improve significantly over that of the primary word spotter. The segmental model is also used on a TIMIT vowel classification task to evaluate its modeling capability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immobilized Coenzymes in General Ligand Affinity Chromatography and Their Use as Active Coenzymes (1978)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Ligand Affinity Chromatography Immobilized Active Coenzyme Preparations Recommendations
Analysing the Gender Difference of Organizational Awareness in Korea's Government Organizations (2012)

This study focuses on gender difference with comparing two groups" organizational awareness in Korea"s central government organizations. Out of the total of 1,000 questionnaires distributed to 250 departments of the organizations, 698 were returned, representing a response rate of 69.8%. 589(470 for male group, 113 for female group) were used for analysis after discarding spoilt questionnaires. The responses were assessed using Cameron & Quinn"s Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument(OCAI) and Management Skills Assessment Instrument(MSAI) based on Competing Values Model. The result shows that male leaderships are higher than female in the strength of four types and statistically significant difference between two groups exists in the flexibility and discretion dimension.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and dementia. (2004)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a fundamental part of the pathology of many disorders causing dementia and/or cerebral haemorrhage. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), CAA is due to the deposition of amyloid alpha protein (Abeta) within the adventitia and media of leptomeningeal and brain parenchymal arteries. Although virtually all cases of AD show CAA to a greater or lesser extent, the brain distribution of CAA is not uniform with the occipital lobe being the most commonly and most severely affected region. In vessels affected by CAA, local muscle and elastic elements are lost and replaced by amyloid fibrils, thereby weakening the overall structure of the vessel. Consequently, CAA predisposes towards cerebral infarction and cerebral haemorrhage, though the clinical affects of CAA in AD are mostly silent, or at least are ''masked'' by the greater degree of neuronal dysfunction induced by senile plaque (SP) formation and neurofibrillary degeneration. Nonetheless, major cerebral infarctions with focal neurological deficits can occur in some cases of AD, and CAA is a major cause of fatal intracerebral (lobar) haemorrhage. CAA may also contribute to white matter lesions (myelin loss) in AD by inducing ischaemia through autoregulatory dysfunction. Although the Abeta protein deposited within blood vessels in AD is similar in chemical composition to that deposited in the brain parenchyma in SP, there is no clear relationship between the 2 pathologies. Indeed, when CAA is high, SP formation may be low, and vice versa. As if to emphasise these differences, Abeta within CAA is mostly Abeta40 whereas that within SP is Abeta42. Such compositional differences may reflect differences in source, with Abeta in SP being derived from nerve cells and Abeta in CAA having a local vascular origin. Although certain inherited forms of CAA with cerebral haemorrhage are associated with autosomal dominant mutations in APP and other genes (cystatin-C, transthyretin, gelsolin, ABrit, ADan), in most cases of AD CAA does not associate clearly with any genetic risk factor other than APO E beta4 allele, which appears to increase the severity of CAA in a dose dependent manner, especially within the occipital cortex. Genotype/phenotype correlations may be helpful in understanding the development of CAA in AD and other disorders. Why blood vessels in the occipital lobe should be most susceptible to CAA in AD remains unclear, though this pattern of blood vessel involvement does not seem to be recapitulated in other disorders in which CAA is the principal pathological change.
Cleavage of Bax is mediated by caspase‐dependent or ‐independent calpain activation in dopaminergic neuronal cells: protective role of Bcl‐2 (2001)

Two cysteine protease families, caspase and calpain, are known to participate in cell death. We investigated whether a stress-specific protease activation pathway exists, and to what extent Bcl-2 plays a role in preventing drug-induced protease activity and cell death in a dopaminergic neuronal cell line, MN9D. Staurosporine (STS) induced caspase-dependent apoptosis while a dopaminergic neurotoxin, MPP(+) largely induced caspase-independent necrotic cell death as determined by morphological and biochemical criteria including cytochrome c release and fluorogenic caspase cleavage assay. At the late stage of both STS- and MPP(+)-induced cell death, Bax was cleaved into an 18-kDa fragment. This 18-kDa fragment appeared only in the mitochondria-enriched heavy membrane fraction of STS-treated cells, whereas it was detected exclusively in the cytosolic fraction of MPP(+)-treated cells. This proteolytic cleavage of Bax appeared to be mediated by calpain as determined by incubation with [(35)S]methionine-labelled Bax. Thus, cotreatment of cells with calpain inhibitor blocked both MPP(+)- and STS-induced Bax cleavage. Intriguingly, overexpression of baculovirus-derived inhibiting protein of caspase, p35 or cotreatment of cells with caspase inhibitor blocked STS- but not MPP(+)-induced Bax cleavage. This appears to indicate that calpain activation may be either dependent or independent of caspase activation within the same cells. However, cotreatment with calpain inhibitor rescued cells from MPP(+)-induced but not from STS-induced neuronal cell death. In these paradigms of dopaminergic cell death, overexpression of Bcl-2 prevented both STS- and MPP(+)-induced cell death and its associated cleavage of Bax. Thus, our results suggest that Bcl-2 may play a protective role by primarily blocking drug-induced caspase or calpain activity in dopaminergic neuronal cells.
Therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen in psoriasis vulgaris: two case reports and a review of the literature (2009)

Introduction: Psoriasis is an inflammatory and immunological cutaneous disease.The high morbidity in patients with psoriasis results from severe clinical manifestations and/or adverse effects of treatment.The Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society and Federal Medicare and Medicaid Services have approved the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO 2 ) for more than 15 indications, including wound healing, infections and late effects of radiation, which are largely unresponsive to conventional treatments.Accumulated data show that HBO 2 has anti-inflammatory effects and other positive influences on the immune system, making it a rational treatment in the management of psoriasis plaques and arthritis.Case presentation: We present the cases of two patients with long histories of psoriasis vulgarus who exhibited marked improvement with use of HBO 2. The first patient was 40 years old and had pustular psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.He was treated with six sessions of HBO 2 (at 2.8 atmospheres of pressure for 60 minutes), which successfully controlled his symptoms.At the 18month post-treatment follow up, the patient exhibited complete remission of psoriasis and marked improvement in psoriatic arthritis without medication.The second patient was 55 years old with extensive psoriatic lesions, and exhibited marked improvement within 15 sessions of HBO 2 .No adverse effects of HBO 2 were identified.Conclusions: HBO 2 may possess potential therapeutic efficacy in the management of psoriasis.We outline the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the selective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of HBO 2 .We hope that this will provide a basis for elucidating the mechanisms of action and consequently pave the way for further controlled studies.
Genetic algorithms for protein threading. (1998)

Despite many years of efforts, a direct prediction of protein structure from sequence is still not possible. As a result, in the last few years researchers have started to address the "inverse folding problem": Identifying and aligning a sequence to the fold with which it is most compatible, a process known as "threading". In two meetings in which protein folding predictions were objectively evaluated, it became clear that threading as a concept promises a real breakthrough, but that much improvement is still needed in the technique itself. Threading is a NP-hard problem, and thus no general polynomial solution can be expected. Still a practical approach with demonstrated ability to find optimal solutions in many cases, and acceptable solutions in other cases, is needed. We applied the technique of Genetic Algorithms in order to significantly improve the ability of threading algorithms to find the optimal alignment of a sequence to a structure, i.e. the alignment with the minimum free energy. A major progress reported here is the design of a representation of the threading alignment as a string of fixed length. With this representation validation of alignments and genetic operators are effectively implemented. Appropriate data structure and parameters have been selected. It is shown that Genetic Algorithm threading is effective and is able to find the optimal alignment in a few test cases. Furthermore, the described algorithm is shown to perform well even without pre-definition of core elements. Existing threading methods are dependent on such constraints to make their calculations feasible. But the concept of core elements is inherently arbitrary and should be avoided if possible. While a rigorous proof is hard to submit yet an, we present indications that indeed Genetic Algorithm threading is capable of finding consistently good solutions of full alignments in search spaces of size up to 10(70).
Design of Wireless Data Communication Link (2012)

The main aim of this work is to develop a wireless data communication point to point link between the base vehicle and remote vehicle. The data communication link is used for sending control data from the base vehicle to the remote vehicle. Based on the video information from the remote vehicle the operator residing at the base station delivers the command which is used for maneuvering or navigating the Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV).
Optimal Bidding Strategy of Transactive Agents in Local Energy Markets (2018)

Expanding the electricity market into the retail domain calls for inexpensive mass-produced smart devices that enable enable small customers to customers to participate in local energy transactions by managing the energy production/consumption and submitting buy/sell bids to the market. In this context, this paper presents a mathematically proven practical approach for bidding of an autonomous smart transactive agent in local energy markets. To reach this goal, behaviors of both risk-neutral and risk-averse agents selling energy to the market are modeled taking into account expected profit and risk criteria. Subsequently, an optimal multi-step quantity-price bidding strategies of risk-neutral and risk-averse agents are extracted. In this context, this paper: 1) introduces the effective metrics and criteria for evaluating a bidding strategy; 2) provides all theorems and lemmas required for reaching an optimal bidding strategy for either a risk-neutral or risk-averse agent; and 3) evaluates and presents the developed approach for different market environments. The developed methodology is shown to be effective in practical applications especially for local markets.
Tocotrienols potentiate lovastatin-mediated growth suppression in vitro and in vivo. (2007)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway that provides essential intermediates for the membrane anchorage and biologic functions of growth-related proteins. Contrary to preclinical studies showing the growth-suppressive activity of statins, competitive inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase, clinical application of statins in cancer is precluded by their lack of activity at levels prescribed for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and by their dose-limiting toxicities at high doses. The dysregulated and elevated HMG CoA reductase activity in tumors retains sensitivity to the isoprenoid-mediated posttranscriptional down-regulation, an action that complements the statin-mediated inhibition and may lead to synergistic impact of blends of isoprenoids and lovastatin on tumor HMG CoA reductase activity and consequently tumor growth. d-gamma- and d-delta-tocotrienols, vitamin E isomers containing an isoprenoid moiety, and lovastatin-induced concentration-dependent inhibition of the 48-hr proliferation of murine B16 melanoma cells with IC50 values of 20 +/- 3, 14 +/- 3, and 1.5 +/- 0.4 microM respectively. A blend of lovastatin (1 microM) and d-gamma-tocotrienol (5 microM) totally blocked cell growth, an impact far exceeding the sum of inhibitions induced by lovastatin (12%) and d-gamma-tocotrienol (8%) individually. Synergistic impact of these two agents was also shown in human DU145 prostate carcinoma and human A549 lung carcinoma cells. C57BL6 mice were fed diets supplemented with 12.5 mg lovastatin/kg body weight, 62.5 mg d-delta-tocotrienol/kg body weight, or a blend of both agents for 22 days following B16 cell implantation; only the latter had significantly lower tumor weight than those with no supplementation. Co-administration of isoprenoids that posttranscriptionally down-regulate tumor reductase may lower the effective dose of statins and offer a novel approach to cancer chemo-prevention and/or therapy.
The Inversion Spectrum of Ammonia (1946)

Ammonia gas is known to exhibit a strong absorption in the region of 0.8 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. By sweeping the frequency of a continuous wave oscillator and using a balanced wave guide system with one arm of the wave guide serving as an absorption chamber, thirty lines of the fine structure, as predicted by Sheng, Barker, and Dennison, have been observed in this region. Their intensities and frequencies have been measured for two different temperatures and an empirical expression for the frequencies of the lines in terms of their rotational quantum numbers is given. At pressures of 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ mm Hg and below, the lines are very well resolved. At pressures of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ mm Hg and below, a definite hyperfine structure appears. The Stark effect is also observed when a d.c. field is applied to the absorbing gas.
Acute Symptoms after a Community Hydrogen Fluoride Spill (2013)

Patients hospitalized due to chemical hazard release of hydrogen fluoride had acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurologic health problems. Non-hospitalized patients have acute symptoms mainly related to upper respiratory irritation.
VLSI neural systems and circuits (1990)

ULSI technology can potentially fabricate 10/sup 9/ devices on a single die. Numerous applications in the areas of vision, speech, sensor processing, nonlinear control, and learning exist for such integrated circuits, but first new fault-tolerant architectures need to be developed. One approach is to design systems that are inspired by the human brain. These architectures operate in a highly parallel fashion to solve extremely complex problems with a high degree of fault tolerance. A description is given of the pulsed neural cell, which is a compact analog neural circuit. The pulsed neural cell performs four-quadrant multiplication, refreshes the stored analog voltages, and allows linear and nonlinear outputs. This cell allows the building of massive and highly complex neural implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiple templates auto exposure control based on luminance histogram for onboard camera (2011)

In order to adjust the exposure of high resolution and frequency images from an on-board camera in real time, a simple exposure control approach based on luminance histogram analysis is presented to realize light control precisely and rapidly. The algorithm divides the initial image into nine blocks and calculates the mean brightness of every part. It uses the luminance histogram to analyze the degree of exposure of both: the global image and every part, especially interest areas. According to the area size of the neighborhood on the two edges of the histogram, the different weight matrix can be decided to quickly calculate the optimal brightness for the next frame, and then the optimal exposure time can be determined accurately. The algorithm does not need to determine an expensive quadratic function to decide the weight of every part so as to fast perform auto exposure control. The experimental results show that the algorithm can correctly and fast adjust the exposure time of the on-board camera on an autonomous robot, and has strong adaptability for various shootings outdoor.
Noise Absorption Modeling of Rib Knitted Fabrics (2010)

In recent years, textile goods have come to be widely used as soundproofing, because of their two important advantages, low production costs and light density, in relation to other soundproofing materials. These intrinsic parameters are very important in some industries such as the automobile and aircraft industry. Although, previously, nonwovens had a wide application as soundproofing among textiles, it seems that weft knitted fabrics can also be a suitable substitute due to their pleasant appearance in comparison to nonwoven fabrics. In this paper, by incorporating two theoretical models presented for nonwoven and plain knitted fabrics, a suitable theoretical model is obtained for calculating the sound absorption coefficient of weft knitted fabrics with complex structures and, finally, the results of a theoretical model are compared with experimental results.
Monitoring the Effects of Antagonists on Protein−Protein Interactions with NMR Spectroscopy (2005)

We describe an NMR method that directly monitors the influence of ligands on protein-protein interactions. For a two-protein interaction complex, the size of one component should be small enough (less than ca. 15 kDa) to provide a good quality (15)N((13)C) HSQC spectrum after (15)N((13)C) labeling. The size of the second unlabeled component should be large enough so that the molecular weight of the preformed complex is larger than ca. 40 kDa. When the smaller protein binds to a larger one, broadening of NMR resonances results in the disappearance of most of its cross-peaks in the HSQC spectrum. Addition of an antagonist that can dissociate the complex would restore the HSQC spectrum of the smaller component. The method directly shows whether an antagonist releases proteins in their wild-type folded states or whether it induces their denaturation, partial unfolding, or precipitation. We illustrate the method by studying lead compounds that have recently been reported to block the MDM2-p53 interaction. Activation of p53 in tumor cells by inhibiting its interaction with MDM2 offers new strategy for cancer therapy.
Derivatives (2002)

A derivative is a financial instrument whose payoff depends on the values of other more basic variables. The variables underlying derivatives are often the prices of traded securities. Derivatives separate market and credit risks from the underlying assets and liabilities, and offer the ability to reduce a risk exposure through its transfer to a party that is prepared to take on and manage those risks. Derivative securities are also known as contingent claims, and can be contingent on almost any variable, from the price of a commodity to weather outcomes. There are two basic types of derivatives, futures/forwards and options.