gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Finite Element Analysis of the Beating Heart (2020)

The regional mechanics of the beating heart are directly related to factors such as ventricular pumping performance, coronary blood flow, myocardial energetics and oxygen consumption, vulnerability to ischemia and injury, hypertrophy and remodeling, and arrhythmogenesis. Important characteristics include: the complex three-dimensional geometry and fibrous architecture; the nonlinear, nonhomogeneous, anisotropic material properties of the myocardium; the hierarchical collagen connective tissue matrix; the time- and history-dependent active tension development of the cardiac muscle cells; and the three-dimensional anisotropic patterns of cardiac impulse propagation. To model these features realistically requires large-scale computational analysis with sophisticated numerical methods. As described in the chapter by Dr. Hunter and colleagues, an accurate three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to describe the geometry, fiber architecture, and extracellular matrix structure of the heart. The model is based on extensive anatomical measurements in the left and right ventricles (LV and RV) of the canine heart. In this chapter, we illustrate some new approaches to the special problems of large-scale finite element modeling in biomechanics using examples from the analysis of stress and electrical activation in the heart. Prospects for further progress--particularly in coupled problems such as cardiac electromechanics--are examined in light of new developments in high-performance computing.
Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Catalyzed by Ruthenium Cluster Anions in the Presence of Halide Anions (1995)

Abstract Methanol, together with methane, is formed for the first time by homogeneous hydrogenation of CO2 using a catalytic system consisting of Ru3(CO)12 and alkaline iodides in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution at 240 °C. The time course of the reaction indicates the successive formation of CO, methanol, and then methane. The FT-IR analysis of the resulting reaction solutions reveals the formation of several species of ruthenium carbonyl anion and their mutual interchanges during the reaction. A mechanism for the overall reaction is proposed, based on these results.
A study of micromixing in tee mixers (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA study of micromixing in tee mixersGueray TosunCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 6, 1184–1193Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00066a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00066a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interactions among ACE, kinins and NO (1999)

Time for primary review 22 days. 

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a transmembrane zinc metallopeptidase that cleaves carboxy-terminal dipeptides from several peptides and is expressed in great amounts in vascular endothelial cells [1,2]. A soluble form of the enzyme is found in plasma which is presumably derived from the membrane-bound form by proteolytic cleavage [3]. ACE plays a major role in the regulation of the vascular tone by converting the biological inactive decapeptide angiotensin I (ANG I) into the vasoconstrictor and proliferative octapeptide angiotensin II (ANG II). In a similar manner, ACE inactivates the vasodilatory nonapeptide bradykinin (BK), which derives from a number of different sources [4].

Endothelium-derived or exogenously added BK exerts its vasodilatory action through stimulation of endothelial B2 kinin receptors thereby causing the synthesis and release of vasodilator substances such as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) [5], prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) [6]. Many of the effects of NO on platelets [7], smooth muscle cells [8], and cardiac myocytes [9,10] are mediated by activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase to synthesize cyclic GMP. The biological function of soluble guanylyl cyclase and NO/cyclic GMP in endothelial cells is not yet completely understood. One function of endothelial cyclic GMP may be a negative feed-back mechanism to turn off further NO synthesis [11,12]. Changes in the synthesis of ACE, BK and NO are associated with a number of cardiovascular conditions including hypertension, atherosclerosis or coronary heart disease. ACE inhibitors are able to treat these diseases by both, accumulation of endothelium-derived kinins and the inhibition of ANG II [13,14].

The separate effects of ACE, kinins as well as NO on the cardiovascular system have been thoroughly investigated and described. Since only a small amount of information is available concerning the physiological/pathophysiological significance of … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-69-305-6868, fax: +49-69-305-81252 wolfgang.linz{at}hmrag.com
N-heterocyclic carbene cascade catalysis: Dual Brønsted/Lewis base rearrangement of cyclopropyl enol esters to dihydropyranones (2011)

The first example of Brønsted/Lewis base cascade catalysis using an N-heterocyclic carbene has been realised through the rearrangement of cyclopropyl esters to dihydropyranones. The scope and mechanism of this transformation has been examined implicating a novel NHC-mediated electrocyclic cyclopropane rearrangement followed by an anionic oxy Claisen-rearrangement.
Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Treatment. (2018)

Stable coronary artery disease refers to a reversible supply/demand mismatch related to ischemia, a history of myocardial infarction, or the presence of plaque documented by catheterization or computed tomography angiography. Patients are considered stable if they are asymptomatic or their symptoms are controlled by medications or revascularization. Treatment involves risk factor management, antiplatelet therapy, and antianginal medications. Tobacco cessation, exercise, and weight loss are the most important lifestyle modifications. Treatment of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension should be optimized to reduce cardiovascular risk. All patients should be started on a statin unless contraindicated. No data support the routine use of monotherapy with nonstatin drugs such as bile acid sequestrants, niacin, ezetimibe, or fibrates. Studies of niacin and fibrates as adjunctive therapy found no improvement in patient outcomes. Aspirin is the mainstay of antiplatelet therapy; clopidogrel is an alternative. Antianginal medications should be added in a stepwise approach beginning with a beta blocker. Calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and ranolazine are used as adjunctive or second-line therapy when beta blockers are ineffective or contraindicated. Select patients may benefit from coronary revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting.
On prospects of positioning in 5G (2015)

Technologies envisaged for a 5G communications system provide interesting prospects which are beneficial for co-operative positioning. Since 5G development is in the early stages, there is a unique opportunity to develop and integrate mobile radio based positioning technology in 5G from the beginning. In this paper we discuss 5G concepts to ensure seamless positioning by cooperative positioning. In cooperative positioning, mobile terminals (MTs) collaborate to help each other to determine their own position. We address key 5G prospects like smaller cells, higher MT densities and the capability of device-to-device (D2D) communication to enable cooperative positioning. By using the Cramér-Rao lower bound we investigate cooperative positioning performance for signal propagation delay based pseudo ranging in an exemplary typical urban environment. Numerical results for an exemplary environment have shown that with MT densities D > 1100 MTs per square kilometer sub-meter positioning accuracy with outage probabilities converging to zero can be achieved.
Limit theorems for solutions of stochastic differential equation problems (1980)

In this paper linear differential equations with random processes as coefficients and as inhomogeneous term are regarded. Limit theorems are proved for the solutions of these equations if the random processes are weakly correlated processes. Limit theorems are proved for the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of eigenvalue problems and for the solutions of boundary value problems and initial value problems.
Implementation of Supply Chains Coordination Using Semantic Web Service Composition (2007)

Fierce competition due to globalization, demand diversity and technological breakthroughs stimulates enterprises to coordinate in a supply chain in order to gain mutual benefits. In such a distributive, autonomous and dynamic business environment, semantic Web services which combines Web services architecture and semantic Web is more adapted to facilitate supply chain coordination than existing information technologies. In this paper, we propose OWL-S as ontology for describing heterogeneous Web services in supply chains and analyze the interaction process, including automated discovery, composition and invocation of semantic Web services, by means of OWL-S. Specifically, we present a framework to facilitate automated composition of semantic Web services based on mediator and bidirectional chaining composition algorithm which is more adaptive, accurate and effective.
Acetic Acid Formation by Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Aqueous Ethanol over Heterogeneous Ruthenium Catalysts (2012)

Heterogeneous catalyst systems comprising ruthenium hydroxide supported on different carrier materials, titania, alumina, ceria, and spinel (MgAl2O4), were applied in selective aerobic oxidation ethanol to form acetic acid, an important bulk chemical and food ingredient. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and nitrogen physisorption and utilized in the oxidation of 2.5–50 wt % aqueous ethanol solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures. The effects of Ru metal loading, pretreatment of catalysts, oxidant pressure, reaction temperature, and substrate concentration were investigated. Quantitative yield of acetic acid was obtained with 1.2 wt % Ru(OH)x/CeO2 under optimized conditions (150 °C, 10 bar O2, 12 h of reaction time, 0.23 mol % Ru to substrate).
A High-Accuracy Least-Time-Domain Mixture Features Machine-Fault Diagnosis Based on Wireless Sensor Network (2020)

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing plays a vital role in identifying incipient failures and ensuring the reliable operation of the mechanical system. To improve the performance of the whole machine-fault-diagnosis system and meet the requirements of low cost, low consumption, high-reliability in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs), a high-accuracy least-time-domain features fault diagnosis algorithm based on the BP neural network (BPNN) for IWSNs is proposed in this article. First, the hardware of wireless multifeatures extraction sensor node is designed, which performs local-processing features extraction of four-dimensional parameters and five dimensionless features of the vibration signal. Then, the bearing-fault classification based on mentioned characteristics is investigated in the proposed BPNN with different hidden layer nodes. Furthermore, we make the comparisons of bearing-fault classification accuracy in terms of varying number of dimensional features, dimensionless features, and the combination features, searching a least-time-domain mixture features selection strategy for ensuring high-fault classification accuracy and proving the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method by experiments on drivetrain diagnostics simulator system. This article is conducted to provide new insights into how to select the least time-domain features for high-accuracy fault diagnosis and further giving references to more IWSNs scenarios.
Practical implementation of piezo-impedance sensors in monitoring of excavation support structures (2010)

In the last decade, electromechanical impedance (EMI)-based monitoring technique using piezoceramic (PZT) sensors have been successfully implemented in health monitoring of lab-sized engineering structures. However, its implementation in real life application, such as monitoring underground support structures, has not been done before. In general, the EMI technique utilizes the unique EMI signature where any changes in the signature during the period of monitoring indicate possible damage in the host structure. This paper presents a part of monitoring results of the soil excavation carried out for the construction of new mass road transport (MRT) station in the southern part of Singapore using a PZT-based EMI technique. The MRT site consists of typical clayed soil of varying properties along the depth of excavation. To prevent the soil collapse during excavation, temporary support structures were laid with suitable monitoring systems. The paper presents the results obtained from the PZT sensors and the comparisons with conventional measurement devices. However, there were no damages reported in the structure, and hence the PZT sensors, which were initially aimed to capture possible damages, were used later to capture load variations on the struts due to the surrounding soil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZigBee for building control wireless sensor networks (2007)

ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 are standard-based protocols that provide the network infrastructure required for wireless network applications. The IEEE defines the Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Protocol (MAC) layers in its standards. For ZigBee, an alliance of companies worked to develop specifications for stack profiles, which define network, application services and security parameters for the entire network. The stack profile is selected by the ZigBee coordinator and is chosen on the basis of application areas, such as Home Control, Building Automation or Plant Control. Aiming the development of a commercial ZigBee product for Home Control, in this paper we describe some important aspects of those standards and the main directives of the stack profile and network topology that have been selected for assembling first development kits, which are also presented.
Über die Herstellung und UV-Absorption einiger Siliciumester und Metalle enthaltender Benzophenon-Derivate (1970)

Es wird die Herstellung von neuen organischen Silicium-Benzophenon-Derivaten durch Umsetzung von Chlorsilanen mit 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenon beschrieben. Die UV-Absorption dieser neuen Verbindungen wird mit der von Benzophenon-Derivaten des Aluminiums und Phosphors verglichen.
Magnetite nanoparticles for medical MR imaging (2011)

Nanotechnology has given scientists new tools for the development of advanced materials for the detection and diagnosis of disease. Iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in particular have been extensively investigated as novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to a combination of favorable superparamagnetic properties, biodegradability, and surface properties of easy modification for improved in vivo kinetics and multifunctionality. This review discusses the basics of MR imaging, the origin of SPION's unique magnetic properties, recent developments in MRI acquisition methods for detection of SPIONs, synthesis and post-synthesis processes that improve SPION's imaging characteristics, and an outlook on the translational potential of SPIONs.
Synthesis, characterisation and gas absorption studies for metal organic framework materials (2010)

Recently, porous metal organic framework materials (MOFs) have attracted considerable attention due to the wide range of possible applications of the materials in 1) gas storage, purification and separation; 2) as catalysts and catalyst supports; and 3) for adsorption of environmentally unfriendly species. This study has involved the synthesis, characterisation and determination of the adsorption/desorption characteristics of functionalised porous metal organic framework materials. The overall objective was to increase understanding of the role of surface functional groups and framework flexibility in determining the adsorption characteristics of gases and vapours and assess the possible applications of these materials for gas storage and separation. Adsorption of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and argon were studied in order to investigate the possible applications of metal organic framework NEW-1 in gas storage and air separation. In case of the air separation, adsorption characteristics of O2, N2, and Ar on metal organic framework NEW-1, mixed-zinc/copper organic framework (M’MOF-1) and a carbon based molecular sieve (CMS-40) were compared. The crucial factors such as molecular size and shape in relation to pore structure in determining the adsorption characteristics on materials were investigated. Selected kinetic models i.e. stretched exponential model (SE), double stretched exponential model (DSE) were used to determine the kinetic adsorption parameters. Also, the isosteric enthalpies of gases adsorption at zero surface coverage were determined. The results show that very narrow pores are required in metal organic frameworks to achieve kinetic selectivity similar to CMS-40.
Solvent Extraction—Projection to the Future (1983)

Abstract The process of purification of metal-bearing solutions using solvent extraction has proven to be one of the major improvements to the optimization of the metallurgical flowsheet. Numerous improvements have been made throughout the solvent extraction circuit, as well as considerable research on the subject throughout the world which could, if implemented, add considerably to the overall understanding and viability of the process. The paper will discuss the various interactions within the process that could ultimately prove to be the flowsheets of the future.
Dynamic branch decoupled architecture (2003)

We propose an alternative approach to branch resolution based on the earlier work on decoupled memory architectures. Branch decoupling is a technique for decoupling a single instruction stream program into two streams. One stream is solely dedicated to resolving branches as early as possible (both the branch condition and the branch target). The resolved branch targets are consumed by the other computing stream through a queue. We have proposed a compiler based static branch decoupling methodology earlier. In this paper, we propose a dynamic branch decoupled (DBD) architecture. Simulations show a speedup of 25.6% for SPEC95 integer benchmarks and 6.1% for SPEC95 FP benchmarks over a 2-level adaptive branch predictor. The average number of branch penalty cycles per instruction for DBD reduces to .0475 compared to .0835 for the 2-level branch predictor.
Oral controlled-release morphine sulfate. Analgesic efficacy and side effects of a 100-mg tablet in cancer pain patients (1989)

Fifty-one cancer pain patients with limited opioid exposure participated in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-dose, parallel-group comparison of two dosage strengths of the controlled-release morphine preparation, MS Contin tablets (The Purdue Frederick Company, Norwalk, CT). The patients were first stabilized on immediate-release oral morphine 30 mg every 4 hours, with 15 mg available every 2 hours as needed for breakthrough pain ("rescue" dose). Each patient then received either one 100 mg MS Contin tablet or three 30-mg MS Contin tablets every 12 hours, with rescue medication as needed, for 3 days. Analysis of study power revealed sufficient sensitivity to detect clinically relevant differences in pain intensity and use of rescue medication. The two tablet strengths yielded similar pain relief, use of rescue medication, and frequency of side effects. In addition, pain and use of rescue medication did not change from the beginning to the end of the 12-hour dosing intervals in either group. In the study population as a whole, pain intensity was lower and total morphine intake higher during the period on controlled-release morphine. These data establish comparable analgesic efficacy and side effect potential of these two dosage strengths and confirm a 12-hour duration of effect for both. The improved analgesia on the controlled-release morphine may be attributable to increased consumption of drug resulting from improved compliance.
Ouabain, digitalis-like factors and hypertension (1992)

The available data support the novel hypothesis that ouabain is an endogenous circulating agent in man and other mammals and is likely to influence long-term blood pressure levels.
Open microfluidic gel electrophoresis: Rapid and low cost separation and analysis of DNA at the nanoliter scale (2017)

Gel electrophoresis is one of the most applied and standardized tools for separation and analysis of macromolecules and their fragments in academic research and in industry. In this work we present a novel approach for conducting on-demand electrophoretic separations of DNA molecules in open microfluidic (OM) systems on planar polymer substrates. The approach combines advantages of slab gel, capillary- and chip-based methods offering low consumable costs (<0.1$) circumventing cost-intensive microfluidic chip fabrication, short process times (5 min per analysis) and high sensitivity (4 ng/μL dsDNA) combined with reasonable resolution (17 bases). The open microfluidic separation system comprises two opposing reservoirs of 2-4 μL in volume, a semi-contact written gel line acting as separation channel interconnecting the reservoirs and sample injected into the line via non-contact droplet dispensing and thus enabling the precise control of the injection plug and sample concentration. Evaporation is prevented by covering aqueous structures with PCR-grade mineral oil while maintaining surface temperature at 15°C. The liquid gel line exhibits a semi-circular cross section of adaptable width (∼200-600 μm) and height (∼30-80 μm) as well as a typical length of 15-55 mm. Layout of such liquid structures is adaptable on-demand not requiring time consuming and repetitive fabrication steps. The approach was successfully demonstrated by the separation of a standard label-free DNA ladder (100-1000 bp) at 100 V/cm via in-line staining and laser induced fluorescent end-point detection using an automated prototype.