gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental 4-Mbit CMOS DRAM (1986)

A 4-Mb dynamic RAM has been designed and fabricated using 1.0-/spl mu/m twin-tub CMOS technology. The memory array consists of trenched n-channel depletion-type capacitor cells in a p-well. Very high /spl alpha/-particle immunity was achieved with this structure. One cell measures 3.0/spl times/5.8 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/ yielding a chip size of 7.84/spl times/17.48 mm/SUP 2/. An on-chip voltage converter circuit was implemented as a mask option to investigate a possible solution to the MOSFET reliability problem caused by hot carriers. An 8-bit parallel test mode was introduced to reduce the RAM test time. Metal mask options provide static-column-mode and fast-age-mode operation. The chip is usable as /spl times/1 or /spl times/4 organizations with a bonding option. Using an external 5-V power supply, the row-address-strobe access time is 80 ns at room temperature. The typical active current is 60 mA at a 220-ns cycle time with a standby current of 0.5 mA.
Lumped Element Modeling of Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams for Vibrational Energy Reclamation (2006)

In this paper, an accurate physical model of a piezoelectric cantilever beam that is suitable for multi domain simulations of the transducer for energy harvesting is presented. In a composite piezoelectric cantilever beam with a proof mass that is subjected to a base acceleration, a strain is developed in the structure that produces a voltage due to the piezoelectric effect. Subsequently, the piezoelectric composite is connected to an energy reclamation circuit that uses a flyback converter topology, to maximize power transfer via an impedance match with the structure. Hence, an accurate model of the device is required to characterize its overall electromechanical behavior, to theoretically predict the power generation, and to optimize the device and power converter circuit. The Lumped Element Model (LEM) thus developed was validated within 10% experimentally on meso-scale piezoelectric cantilever composite beams.
Increased Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Critical Care Nurses (2006)

ICU nurses have an increased prevalence of PTSD symptoms when compared with other general nurses. These results may increase awareness of these symptoms in nurses and lead to future interventions that improve their mental health and job satisfaction and help retain ICU nurses in their profession.
Microstructural origin of resistance–strain hysteresis in carbon nanotube thin film conductors (2018)

A basic need in stretchable electronics for wearable and biomedical technologies is conductors that maintain adequate conductivity under large deformation. This challenge can be met by a network of one-dimensional (1D) conductors, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or silver nanowires, as a thin film on top of a stretchable substrate. The electrical resistance of CNT thin films exhibits a hysteretic dependence on strain under cyclic loading, although the microstructural origin of this strain dependence remains unclear. Through numerical simulations, analytic models, and experiments, we show that the hysteretic resistance evolution is governed by a microstructural parameter [Formula: see text] (the ratio of the mean projected CNT length over the film length) by showing that [Formula: see text] is hysteretic with strain and that the resistance is proportional to [Formula: see text] The findings are generally applicable to any stretchable thin film conductors consisting of 1D conductors with much lower resistance than the contact resistance in the high-density regime.
Learn to Steer through Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

It is crucial for robots to autonomously steer in complex environments safely without colliding with any obstacles. Compared to conventional methods, deep reinforcement learning-based methods are able to learn from past experiences automatically and enhance the generalization capability to cope with unseen circumstances. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end deep reinforcement learning algorithm in this paper to improve the performance of autonomous steering in complex environments. By embedding a branching noisy dueling architecture, the proposed model is capable of deriving steering commands directly from raw depth images with high efficiency. Specifically, our learning-based approach extracts the feature representation from depth inputs through convolutional neural networks and maps it to both linear and angular velocity commands simultaneously through different streams of the network. Moreover, the training framework is also meticulously designed to improve the learning efficiency and effectiveness. It is worth noting that the developed system is readily transferable from virtual training scenarios to real-world deployment without any fine-tuning by utilizing depth images. The proposed method is evaluated and compared with a series of baseline methods in various virtual environments. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model in terms of average reward, learning efficiency, success rate as well as computational time. Moreover, a variety of real-world experiments are also conducted which reveal the high adaptability of our model to both static and dynamic obstacle-cluttered environments. A video of our experiments is available at https://youtu.be/yixnmFXIKf4 and http://v.youku.com/vshow/idXMzg1ODYwMzM5Ng.
Iron Borohydride Pincer Complexes for the Efficient Hydrogenation of Ketones under Mild, Base‐Free Conditions: Synthesis and Mechanistic Insight (2012)

The new, structurally characterized hydrido carbonyl tetrahydridoborate iron pincer complex [(iPr-PNP)Fe(H)(CO)(η(1)-BH(4))] (1) catalyzes the base-free hydrogenation of ketones to their corresponding alcohols employing only 4.1 atm hydrogen pressure. Turnover numbers up to 1980 at complete conversion of ketone were reached with this system. Treatment of 1 with aniline (as a BH(3) scavenger) resulted in a mixture of trans-[(iPr-PNP)Fe(H)(2)(CO)] (4a) and cis-[(iPr-PNP)Fe(H)(2)(CO)] (4b). The dihydrido complexes 4a and 4b do not react with acetophenone or benzaldehyde, indicating that these complexes are not intermediates in the catalytic reduction of ketones. NMR studies indicate that the tetrahydridoborate ligand in 1 dissociates prior to ketone reduction. DFT calculations show that the mechanism of the iron-catalyzed hydrogenation of ketones involves alcohol-assisted aromatization of the dearomatized complex [(iPr-PNP*)Fe(H)(CO)] (7) to initially give the Fe(0) complex [(iPr-PNP)Fe(CO)] (21) and subsequently [(iPr-PNP)Fe(CO)(EtOH)] (38). Concerted coordination of acetophenone and dual hydrogen-atom transfer from the PNP arm and the coordinated ethanol to, respectively, the carbonyl carbon and oxygen atoms, leads to the dearomatized complex [(iPr-PNP*)Fe(CO)(EtO)(MeCH(OH)Ph)] (32). The catalyst is regenerated by release of 1-phenylethanol, followed by dihydrogen coordination and proton transfer to the coordinated ethoxide ligand.
A new structure for in-depth history effect characterization on partially depleted SOI transistors (2002)

As partially depleted SOI technology becomes very attractive for ULSI CMOS, an in-depth characterization of floating body (FB) effects is required, especially for circuit design. One of the most important FB effects is the history effect, i.e. the propagation delay variation versus time. Many publications have shown experimental and simulation analysis of those effects. Most of the time, the experimental analysis of the history effect is done through chains, from which the propagation delay is extracted. In this paper, we propose a new structure that enables us to do an in-depth characterization of history effect, distinguishing between pull-up and pull-down delays for the first and second switches.
Factors Affecting Stock Prices : The Linkage between Stock Market and Product Market (2012)

A wide number of investigations have been made to identify the factors determining stock prices. All those investigations are, however, based on the single equation technique, where explanatory variables are treated as exogenous. The present study formulates a simultaneous equation model to explore inter connections between the explanatory variables. The model links up stock market with the product market, and the proposed model is empirically verified for the Indian cement industry. Panel data have been considered for that purpose. Empirical results support the model and establish the linkage between the stock market and the product market.
CO2 reduction potential of coal-to-liquids (CTL) plants (2009)

Coal-to-liquids (CTL) processes generate synthetic liquid fuels like gasoline and diesel fuel from coal. One main concern of coal liquids, however, is the large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the CTL process. These emissions can be mitigated using carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology. A comprehensive techno-economic assessment model of liquids-only and poly-generation (producing liquid fuels plus electricity) CTL plants, capable of incorporating CCS is developed. To account for inherent uncertainties and variability, ranges and probability distributions are given to different cost parameters. Finally, the capability of a poly-generation CTL plant in mitigating CO2 emissions by displacing conventional coal-fired power plants while producing liquid fuels is also investigated.
Pabellón de química del Royal Holloway College - Egham (Gran Bretaña) (1972)

Este edificio —situado en Eghatn, Surrey— ha sido proyectado y realizado teniendo en cuenta las características propias del tipo, es decir, formando parte de un gran complejo universitario en continuo desarrollo, lo que obliga a pensar en una estructura y una modulación que permitan sucesivas y fáciles ampliaciones, alterando muy poco la marcha del Centro. El conjunto está constituido por una serie de bloques escalonados —que se adaptan perfectamente al terreno— en los que se han ubicado los despachos, laboratorios, zonas de investigación, etcétera, al final de los cuales, y separados de las demás dependencias, están situados los dos auditorios o aulas magnas.
Crosstalk between EGFR and TrkB enhances ovarian cancer cell migration and proliferation (2006)

Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of fatality among all gynecologic cancers, although promising therapies are in the making. It has been speculated that metastasis is critical for ovarian cancer, and yet the molecular mechanisms of metastasis in ovarian cancer are poorly understood. Growth factors have been proven to play important roles in cell migration associated with metastasis, and inhibition of growth factor receptors and their distinct cell signaling pathways has been intensively studied, and yet the uncovered interaction or crosstalk among various growth factor receptors complicates this otherwise promising approach. We investigated the crosstalk between EGFR and TrkB, both of which have been known to be important in cell survival and migration in response to EGF and BDNF. Our results showed that both EGF and BDNF induced cell migration and cell proliferation in cultured human ovarian cancer cells (Caov3 cell line). EGF and BDNF transactivated TrkB and EGFR respectively, and activated downstream cell survival components such as Akt. EGFR and TrkB kinase inhibitors inhibited EGF- and BDNF-induced TrkB and EGFR activation and Akt phosphorylation, and cell proliferation and migration. Using EGFR knockout cells, we further demonstrated that EGFR is required for EGF-induced cell migration. Collectively, our data indicate that EGFR and TrkB crosstalk each other in response to EGF and BDNF, leading to cell survival pathway activation in ovarian cancer cells. Our data suggest that a combination of inhibitors of both receptors with cell survival pathway inhibitors would provide a better outcome in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer.
Local probing of coupled interfaces between two-dimensional electron and hole gases in oxide heterostructures by variable-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy (2012)

The electronic structure of an epitaxial oxide heterostructure containing two spatially separated two-dimensional conducting sheets, one electronlike (2DEG) and the other holelike (2DHG), has been investigated using variable temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Heterostructures of LaAlO${}_{3}$/SrTiO${}_{3}$ bilayers on (001)-oriented SrTiO${}_{3}$ (STO) substrates provide the unique possibility to study the coupling between subnanometer spaced conducting interfaces. The band gap increases dramatically at low temperatures due to a blocking of the transition from the conduction band of the STO substrate to the top of the valence band of the STO capping layer. This prevents the replenishment of the depleted electrons in the capping layer from the underlying 2DEG and enables charging of the 2DHG by applying a negative sample bias voltage within the band gap region. At low temperatures the 2DHG can be probed separately with the proposed experimental geometry, although the 2DEG is located less than 1 nm below.
Thyroid Hormones And Brain Development (1987)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> degumming and physical refining of soybean oil (1993)

A hexane‐extracted crude soybean oil was degummed in a reactor by counter‐currently contacting the oil with supercritical CO 2 at 55 MPa at 70°C. The phosphorus content of the crude oil was reduced from 620 ppm to less than 5 ppm. Degummed feedstocks were fed (without further processing, i.e. , bleaching) directly to a batch physical refining step consisting of simultaneous deacidification/deodorization (1 h @ 260°C and 1–3 mm Hg) with and without 100 ppm citric acid. Flavor and oxidative stability of the oils was evaluated on freshly deodorized oils both after accelerated storage at 60°C and after exposure to fluorescent light at 7500 lux. Supercritical CO 2 ‐processed oils were compared with a commercially refined/bleached soybean oil that was deodorized under the same conditions. Flavor evaluations made on noncitrated oils showed that uncomplexed iron lowered initial flavor scores of both the unaged commercial control and the CO 2 ‐processed oils. Oils treated with .01% (100 ppm) citric acid had an initial flavor score about 1 unit higher and were more stable in accelerated storage tests than their uncitrated counterparts. Supercritical CO 2 ‐processed oil had equivalent flavor scores, both initially and after 60°C aging and light exposure as compared to the control soybean oil. Results showed that bleaching with absorbent clays may be eliminated by the supercritical CO 2 counter‐current processing step because considerable heat bleaching was observed during deacidification/deodorization. Colors of salad oils produced under above conditions typically ran 3Y 0.7R.
A Perceptual Evaluation of the Speech of Adventitiously Deaf Adult Males (1990)

The present study investigated the effects of adventitious deafness on perceptual judgments of segmental and suprasegmental speech production skills. Subjects were 25 adventitiously deaf and 10 normal-hearing adult male speakers. Twelve subjects were classified as aidable profound (AP) and 13 subjects were classified as unaidable profound (UP). Each subject was judged by 15 listeners, first on seven speech and voice variables and, second, on whether they were adventitiously deaf or normal-hearing and, if adventitiously deaf, if speech rehabilitation was warranted. Both the AP and UP adventitiously deaf subjects were judged significantly different from each other and from normal-hearing subjects on all seven variables. They were, in hierarchical order: intonation, pitch, rate, nasality, vowel duration, articulation, and intensity. Aural rehabilitation was judged to be warranted in 49% of the speakers identified as being adventitiously deaf, specifically 26% of the AP speakers and 74% of the UP speakers. This finding indicates that auditory information is a necessary component for maintaining accurate speech and voice production abilities following onset of profound hearing loss after the acquisition of an adult phonological system.
Studies on Aluminum Compounds. II (1954)

It has been shown that the composition of the basic aluminum chloride solution prepared by different methods could conveniently be indicated by Al2+n(OH)3nCl6. It was found that even when this n is the same, the neutralization velocity by acid was different according to the manner of preparation. Such a fact indicates that there is a difference in the degree of formation of ol-bridge by the complex ions present in equilibrium. Therefore, the properties of the substance formed from the solution of the same basicity by SO4-- would probably be different.Basic aluminum solutions were titrated with acid and alkali and their pH curves were found to show some specificity. Especially, titration with alkali was found to give the second breaking point at pH 5-6, besides the first breaking point at pH on the formation of aluminum hydroxide. This second point appears the sooner, the larger the value of n, and it was assumed that this second point was caused by the formation of [Al3(OH2)x(OH)8]+.
Visual response properties of single neurons in the temporal pole of behaving monkeys (1994)

1. The responses of single neurons in the anterior part of the temporal cortex in monkeys, mainly the temporopolar cortex, area 36, and the most anterior part of area TE of von Bonin and Bailey (1947) (these areas were designated here as the temporal pole), were examined during the performance of a visual recognition memory task. The visual stimulus (sample stimulus) was presented when the monkey pressed a lever. The same sample stimulus was presented one to four times and, thereafter, a new stimulus was presented. The monkeys were trained to discriminate the new stimulus from the sample stimulus and to release the lever in response to the new stimulus. We used colored photographs of natural objects (human faces, monkeys, foods, and non-food objects) as complex visual stimuli or computer-generated two-dimensional shapes (a red square, a green circle, etc.) as simple visual stimuli. 2. In total, the activity of 311 neurons was recorded, and 225 of these responded to at least one visual stimulus. All visually responsive neurons were located in the ventral part of the temporal pole including the banks of the superior temporal sulcus. 3. The relationship between the monkey's eye movements and visual responses was investigated. Visual response properties, such as the number of spikes, onset latency, and response duration, were stable regardless of the monkey's eye positions and movements if the eyes were directed to the display. We also examined the receptive field property of neurons (n = 3). The neurons tested in the temporal pole tended to have a large receptive field (24 x 24 degrees). 4. The neurons tended to respond to different stimuli in different magnitudes. In each case, the maximal responses were elicited by complex, colored photographs, whereas simple, two-dimensional colored shapes elicited little or no responses. In 21% of the cases (47/225), the magnitude of the maximal response was significantly larger than for any of the other responses. 5. An achromatic version of the stimulus that induced the maximal response was tested in 53 neurons. About 80% of the neurons (41/53) responded to the achromatic stimulus at a magnitude that was not significantly different from the response to the original stimulus. In 12 neurons, the removal of color did significantly decrease the magnitude of the response. When other colors were tested, 3 of 9 neurons were found to code for color. 6. In 21 of these 53 neurons, a portion (the left-, right-, upper-, or lower-half) of the stimulus was also tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Wireless LED lighting control using the SmartPhones (2015)

In this paper, we constructed using a Cortex M3 microcontroller developed by ARM Inc. as a way to control the LED light more efficiently. And Using the short-range wireless communication by the Bluetooth communication method applied to control the LED light was configured to wirelessly control the wireless circuits. In this paper, users can easily download and easy to wirelessly control the LED lighting control circuit to design an Android application from Android-based smartphone so that you can control with your smartphone to have anyone to control the LED lighting control circuit wirelessly. If the LED lights radio control circuit is configured with the Cortex M3 in this paper is applicable to both indoor and outdoor and eco-friendly technology, is using LED driver to enhance the efficiency of the LED becomes stable voltage supply is made, the brightness of LED lighting control.
A Survey on Replica Server Placement Algorithms for Content Delivery Networks (2016)

Content delivery networks (CDNs) have gained immense popularity over the years. Replica server placement is a key design issue in CDNs. It entails placing replica servers at meticulous locations, such that cost is minimized and quality of service of end-users is satisfied. Many replica server placement models have been proposed in the literature of traditional CDN. As the CDN architecture is evolving through the adoption of emerging paradigms, such as, cloud computing and network functions virtualization, new algorithms are being proposed. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of replica server placement algorithms in traditional and emerging paradigm-based CDNs. We categorize the algorithms and provide a summary of their characteristics. Besides, we identify requirements for an efficient replica server placement algorithm and perform a comparison in the light of the requirements. Finally, we discuss potential avenues for further research in replica server placement in CDNs.
Tomographic time-frequency analysis and its application toward time-varying filtering and adaptive kernel design for multicomponent linear-FM signals (1994)

Since line integrals through the Wigner spectrum can be calculated by dechirping, calculation of the Wigner spectrum may be viewed as a tomographic reconstruction problem. In the paper, the authors show that all time-frequency transforms of Cohen's class may be achieved by simple changes in backprojection reconstruction filtering. The resolution/cross-term tradeoff that occurs in time-frequency kernel selection is shown to be analogous to the resolution-ringing tradeoff that occurs in computed tomography (CT). "Ideal" reconstruction using a purely differentiating backprojection filter yields the Wigner distribution, whereas low-pass differentiating filters produce cross-term suppressing distributions such as the spectrogram or the Born-Jordan distribution. It is also demonstrated how this analogy can be exploited to "tune" the reconstruction filtering (or time-frequency kernel) to improve the ringing/resolution tradeoff. Some properties of the projection domain, which is also known as the Radon-Wigner transform, are characterized, including the response to signal delays or frequency shifts and projection masking or convolution. Last, time-varying filtering by shift-varying convolution in the Radon-Wigner domain is shown to yield superior results to its analogous Cohen's class adaptive transform (shift-invariant convolution) for the multicomponent, linear-FM signals that are investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>