gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Versatile High-Throughput Fluorescence Assay for Monitoring Cas9 Activity (2018)

The RNA-guided DNA nuclease Cas9 is now widely used for the targeted modification of genomes of human cells and various organisms. Despite the extensive use of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems for genome engineering and the rapid discovery and engineering of new CRISPR-associated nucleases, there are no high-throughput assays for measuring enzymatic activity. The current laboratory and future therapeutic uses of CRISPR technology have a significant risk of accidental exposure or clinical off-target effects, underscoring the need for therapeutically effective inhibitors of Cas9. Here, we develop a fluorescence assay for monitoring Cas9 nuclease activity and demonstrate its utility with S. pyogenes (Spy), S. aureus (Sau), and C. jejuni (Cje) Cas9. The assay was validated by quantitatively profiling the species specificity of published anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins, confirming the reported inhibition of Spy Cas9 by AcrIIA4 and Cje Cas9 by AcrIIC1 and no inhibition of Sau Cas9 by either anti-CRISPR. To identify drug-like inhibitors, we performed a screen of 189 606 small molecules for inhibition of Spy Cas9. Of 437 hits (0.2% hit rate), six were confirmed as Cas9 inhibitors in a direct gel electrophoresis secondary assay. The high-throughput nature of this assay makes it broadly applicable for the discovery of additional Cas9 inhibitors or the characterization of Cas9 enzyme variants.
Water production through CO<sub>2</sub> capture in coal‐fired power plants (2017)

Abstract A novel integrated liquid absorbent‐based CO 2 capture and desalination process is proposed. It is based on the use of a forward osmosis operation replacing the trim cooler in the capture process. This cooler controls the absorption liquid inlet temperature to the absorber. In the forward osmosis operation water is transferred from a saline solution to the absorption liquid. It can be recovered in two ways: via the overhead condenser of the desorber or via an intercooling operation by flashing the absorption liquid under vacuum, followed by condensation of the water vapor produced. In both cases the energy requirement for the water production process is considered negligible as it is part of the energy requirement of the capture process. The amount of produced water and its quality is such that it can be used as makeup for flue gas desulphurization and/or cooling tower makeup. Thus, it can provide a resolution for the increase in specific cooling water requirement as a result of a CO 2 capture retrofit to an existing coal‐fired power station. Monoethanolamine and sodium glycinate solutions were evaluated as absorption liquids in this study. Amino acid salt solutions are preferred because of the high osmotic pressure and low vapor pressure, providing the best option for high water quality.
Optimization of Rofecoxib Liquisolid Tablets usingBox-Behnken Design and Desirability Function (2010)

The aim of the present study were (1) to optimize and evaluate main effect, interaction effects and quadratic effects of the formulation ingredients on the flowability of liquisolid formulations (Y 1 ), the hardness of liquisolid tablets (Y 2 ), and the in-vitro release after 45 minutes (Y 3 ) of Rofecoxib from liquisolid tablets as the dependent variables; and (2) to optimize the formulation by response surface methodology (RSM). A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken statistical design was used for the optimization procedure with liquid load factor (X 1 ), amount of coating material ‘Cab-O-Sil’ (X 2 ) and amount of magnesium oxide (X 3 ) as the independent variables. Box-Behnken design was suitable for exploring quadratic response surfaces and constructing second order polynomial models. The design consists of replicated center points and the set of points lying at the midpoint of each edge of the multidimensional cube that defines the region of interest. The non-linear quadratic model generated by the design is of the form: Y = A 0 + A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2 + A 3 X 3 + A 4 X 1 X 2 + A 5 X 2 X 3 + A 6 X 1 X 3 + A 7 X 1 2 + A 8 X 2 2 +A 9 X 3 2 + E, where Y is the measured response associated with each factor level combination. Contour and response surface plots were depicted based on the equation given by the model. The optimization procedure generated the maximum overall desirability value. A formulation was prepared under the optimized conditions yielding response values, which were close to the predicted values.
X-ray luminescence of LaF3:Tb3+ and LaF3:Ce3+,Tb3+ water-soluble nanoparticles (2008)

We report x-ray luminescence from LaF3:Ce3+,Tb3+ and LaF3:Tb3+ water-soluble nanoparticles. The x-ray luminescence is dominated by emission from Tb3+ ions, similar to photoluminescence spectra of the nanoparticle aqueous solutions and spectra from nanoparticle powders precipitated from the aqueous samples. Coating the nanoparticles with an insulating inorganic LaF3 or organic H2N–(CH2)10–COOH layer can enhance the x-ray luminescence from the aqueous nanoparticles. This enhancement is most likely due to the decreased energy loss due to the particle-solvent interactions.
The Capsular Polysaccharide of<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>Contributes to Survival in Serum by Reducing Complement Factor C3b Deposition (2005)

Burkholderia pseudomallei produces an extracellular polysaccharide capsule -3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-beta-D-manno-heptopyranose-(1- which has been shown to be an essential virulence determinant. The addition of purified capsule was shown to increase the virulence of a capsule mutant strain in the Syrian hamster model of acute melioidosis. An increase in the number of wild-type B. pseudomallei cells in the blood was seen by 48 h, while the number of capsule mutant cells in the blood declined by 48 h. Capsule expression was shown to be induced in the presence of serum using a lux reporter fusion to the capsule gene wcbB. The addition of purified B. pseudomallei capsule to serum bactericidal assays increased the survival of B. pseudomallei SLR5, a serum-sensitive strain, by 1,000-fold in normal human serum. Capsule production by B. pseudomallei contributed to reduced activation of the complement cascade by reducing the levels of complement factor C3b deposition. An increase in phagocytosis of the capsule mutant compared to the wild type was observed in the presence of normal human serum. These results suggest that the production of this capsule contributes to resistance to phagocytosis by reducing C3b deposition on the surface of the bacterium, thereby contributing to the persistence of bacteria in the blood of the infected host. Continued studies to characterize this capsule are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei infections and the development of preventive strategies for treatment of this disease.
Filling the Security Vacuum?: America's Surge in Baghdad (2007)

Esta publicacion repasa, en primer lugar, los motivos de la invasion norteamericana en Irak y los principales errores de planteamiento, que despues dieron lugar a importantes vacios politicos y de seguridad. En segundo lugar, Hiltermann hace un analisis de los resultados de la ultima estrategia destinada a llenar el vacio de seguridad, consistente en el envio de un gran numero de efectivos adicionales para acabar con la violencia –conocida en ingles como surge. Finalmente, se describen los tres futuros escenarios posibles –un Estado fallido con la intervencion militar de los paises vecinos, un Estado en situacion de caos con presencia de tropas norteamericanas y la particion del pais– y los riesgos que entranan cada uno de ellos.
A Missense Mutation of the Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Gene (Glu298Asp) in Five Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (1999)

The authors report five patients with a missense mutation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene (Glu298Asp) who have angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD). They compare their clinical findings and coronary arteriographic characteristics. They conclude that these case reports show that this mutation is not solely responsible for development of CAD. Diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hyperlipidemia are other risk factors.
Functional analysis of two tetanus toxin universal T cell epitopes in their interaction with DR1101 and DR1104 alleles. (1994)

In this study we have investigated the interaction between two DR11 alleles (DB*1101 and DB*1104) and two previously described tetanus toxin (tt) universal T cell epitopes P2(tt830-843) and P30(tt947-967) by means of a functional cytotoxic competition assay. Both truncation analysis and single alanine substitution analysis were performed. In addition, the capacity of truncated and single alanine substituted peptides to be recognized by human T cell clones from donors bearing the DR1101 or DR1104 alleles was assessed. In the case of truncated peptides the same binding and recognition pattern was observed with both alleles. Longer peptides were better competitors and more potent stimulators, a result that should be taken into account when these peptides are used as immunogens. None of the single alanine substitutions could abrogate or strongly diminish the inhibitory capacity of the analogues tested indicating the lack of strong "anchor residues" present in P2 and P30 and implicated in DR binding. In addition, although the original peptide sequences were presented to specific T cell clones with comparable efficiency, some of the alanine single substituted peptides were better recognized in association with one of the alleles by clones derived from individuals bearing the homologous allele. The only exception was the tt951-967 analogue ttW955A, which was preferentially recognized in association with the DR1104 allele regardless of the clone tested. This suggests that, although it binds to both alleles with comparable efficiency, the MHC-peptide complex so formed is conformationally distinguishable by specific T cell clones.
Dielectric cover effect on rectangular microstrip antenna array (1994)

A theoretical model to analyze a covered rectangular antenna with an arbitrary dielectric constant superstrate is developed. The antenna is simulated by the radiation of two magnetic dipoles located at the radiating edges of the patch. The Green's function of an elementary magnetic dipole in a superstrate-substrate structure, utilizing spectral-domain analysis, is formulated, and the surface-wave and radiation field are computed. An improved transmission line model, which considers the stored energy near the radiating edges and the external mutual coupling, is used to compute the input impedances and radiation efficiency. Design considerations on the superstrate thickness and its dielectric constant are discussed. Experimental data for a single element and a 4/spl times/4 microstrip array is presented to validate the theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plasmid-determined silver resistance in Pseudomonas stutzeri isolated from a silver mine (1984)

A silver-resistant strain of Pseudomonas stutzeri was isolated from a silver mine. It harbored three plasmids, the largest of which (pKK1; molecular weight, 49.4 X 10(6)) specified silver resistance. Plasmid pKK1 was apparently nonconjugative but could be transferred to Pseudomonas putida by mobilization with plasmid R68.45.
Processing, properties and applications of composites using powder-coated epoxy towpreg technology (1993)

Composite manufacturing using the current prepregging technology of impregnating liquid resin into three-dimensionally reinforced textile preforms can be a costly and difficult operation. Alternatively, using polymer in the solid form, grinding it into a powder, and then depositing it onto a carbon fiber tow prior to making a textile preform is a viable method for the production of complex textile shapes. The powder-coated towpreg yarn is stable, needs no refrigeration, contains no solvents and is easy to process into various woven and braided preforms for later consolidation into composite structures. NASA's Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) program has provided an avenue for developing the technology by which advanced resins and their powder-coated preforms may be used in aircraft structures. Two-dimensional braiding and weaving studies using powder-coated towpreg have been conducted to determine the effect of resin content, towpreg size and twist on textile composite properties. Studies have been made to customize the towpreg to reduce friction and bulk factor. Processing parameters have been determined for three epoxy resin systems on eight-harness satin fabric, and on more advanced 3-D preform architectures for the downselected resin system. Processing effects and the resultant mechanical properties of these textile composites will be presented and compared.
Skyline Minimum Vector (2010)

The skyline queries are often used in several recommendation applications. Most existing related works have focused on skyline computation in many multidimensional data. However, these works do not consider an interesting query generated from non-skyline point. In this paper, we propose a new query, called skyline minimum vector which finds the minimum vector for making a non-skyline point into a skyline. The skyline minimum vector means the minimum cost for becoming a skyline. We use the Manhattan distance between skyline and query point in order to evaluate the cost. Also, we propose basic algorithm and optimized algorithm for getting skyline minimum vector. The proposed query will be very useful in many decision-making applications.
Advances in analysis of microbial metabolic fluxes via <sup>13</sup>C isotopic labeling (2008)

Metabolic flux analysis via (13)C labeling ((13)C MFA) quantitatively tracks metabolic pathway activity and determines overall enzymatic function in cells. Three core techniques are necessary for (13)C MFA: (1) a steady state cell culture in a defined medium with labeled-carbon substrates; (2) precise measurements of the labeling pattern of targeted metabolites; and (3) evaluation of the data sets obtained from mass spectrometry measurements with a computer model to calculate the metabolic fluxes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the (13)C-flux analysis technologies, including mini-bioreactor usage for tracer experiments, isotopomer analysis of metabolites via high resolution mass spectrometry (such as GC-MS, LC-MS, or FT-ICR), high performance and large-scale isotopomer modeling programs for flux analysis, and the integration of fluxomics with other functional genomics studies. It will be shown that there is a significant value for (13)C-based metabolic flux analysis in many biological research fields.
Cortisol increases gluconeogenesis in humans: its role in the metabolic syndrome (2001)

Android obesity is associated with increased cortisol secretion. Direct effects of cortisol on gluconeogenesis and other parameters of insulin resistance were determined in normal subjects. Gluconeogenesis was determined using the reciprocal pool model of Haymond and Sunehag (HS method), and by the Cori cycle/lactate dilution method of Tayek and Katz (TK method). Glucose production (GP) and gluconeogenesis were measured after a 3 h baseline infusion and after a 4-8 h pituitary-pancreatic infusion of somatostatin, replacement insulin, growth hormone (GH), glucagon and a high dose of cortisol (hydrocortisone). The pituitary-pancreatic infusion maintains insulin, GH and glucagon concentrations within the fasting range, while increasing the concentration of only one hormone, cortisol. Two groups of five subjects were each given high-dose cortisol administration, and results were compared with those from a group of six 'fasting alone' subjects (no infusion) at 16 and 20 h of fasting. Fasting GP (12 h fasting) was similar in all groups, averaging 12.5+/-0.2 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1). Gluconeogenesis, as a percentage of GP, was 35+/-2% using the HS method and 40+/-2% using the TK method. After 16 h of fasting, GP had fallen (11.5+/-0.6 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1)) and gluconeogenesis had increased (55+/-5% and 57+/-5% of GP by the HS and TK methods respectively; P<0.05). High-dose cortisol infusion for 4 h increased serum cortisol (660+/-30 nmol/l; P<0.05), blood glucose (7.9+/-0.5 mmol/l; P<0.05) and GP (14.8+/-0.8 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1); P<0.05). The increase in GP was due entirely to an increase in gluconeogenesis, determined by either the HS or the TK method (66+/-6% and 65+/-5% of GP respectively; P<0.05). Thus cortisol administration in humans increases GP by stimulating gluconeogenesis. Smaller increases in serum cortisol may contribute to the abnormal glucose metabolism known to occur in the metabolic syndrome.
Low-temperature metalorganic growth of CdTe and HgTe films using ditertiarybutyltelluride (1986)

Epitaxial films of CdTe and HgTe have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using a new tellurium source, ditertiarybutyltelluride. This compound is demonstrated to be less stable than presently available organotellurium compounds which permits film growth at lower substrate temperatures. Specular CdTe and HgTe films have been grown at temperatures as low as 220 and 230 °C, respectively. Hall measurements performed on the HgTe films indicate good transport properties. The reduced stability of ditertiarybutyltelluride compared to other alkyl organotellurium compounds is consistent with relative stability results for branched hydrocarbon molecules.
Fusion technique for grey-scale visible light and infrared images based on non-subsampled contourlet transform and intensity–hue–saturation transform (2011)

An adaptive fusion technique based on non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and intensity–hue–saturation (IHS) transform is presented. First, the grey-scale visible light image is colourised by utilising a reference image, and then, the values of components I, H and S can be obtained via IHS transform, which can separate intensity information from spectrum information of the image. Second, multi-scale and multi-directional decompositions of the infrared image and the component I of the grey-scale visible light image are performed by NSCT. By adopting certain fusion rules, the low-frequency and high-frequency components of the fused image can be achieved. Third, being the component I of the final fused image, the grey-scale fused image can be gained by the use of inverse NSCT. Finally, the red–green–blue colourised fused image is reconstructed by the inverse IHS. Experimental results show that the technique is effective.
Effets d'un inhibiteur de la synthese des polyamines sur la morphogenese, chez l'oursin, le chetoptere et l'algue Acetabularia (1978)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
A live-attenuated chlamydial vaccine protects against trachoma in nonhuman primates (2011)

Blinding trachoma is an ancient neglected tropical disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis for which a vaccine is needed. We describe a live-attenuated vaccine that is safe and efficacious in preventing trachoma in nonhuman primates, a model with excellent predictive value for humans. Cynomolgus macaques infected ocularly with a trachoma strain deficient for the 7.5-kb conserved plasmid presented with short-lived infections that resolved spontaneously without ocular pathology. Multiple infections with the attenuated plasmid-deficient strain produced no inflammatory ocular pathology but induced an anti-chlamydial immune response. Macaques vaccinated with the attenuated strain were either solidly or partially protected after challenge with virulent plasmid-bearing organisms. Partially protected macaques shed markedly less infectious organisms than controls. Immune correlates of protective immunity were not identified, but we did detect a correlation between MHC class II alleles and solid versus partial protection. Epidemiological models of trachoma control indicate that a vaccine with this degree of efficacy would significantly reduce the prevalence of infection and rates of reinfection, known risk factors which drive blinding disease.
Broadly expressed tumour?associated proteins as targets for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-based cancer immunotherapy (2005)

T cell-based antigen-specific immunotherapy targeting self-proteins aberrantly expressed in many tumours offers the potential for widely applicable cancer immunotherapy, but carries the risk of autoimmunity. Immunological tolerance represents an inherent limitation of cancer vaccines targeting such broadly expressed tumour-associated proteins. Therefore, strategies to circumvent T cell tolerance have been developed and, when combined with T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer technology, can generate highly avid tumour-reactive patient cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for peptide epitopes of tumour-associated proteins. This review analyses the level of tolerance to broadly expressed tumour-associated proteins in the autologous T cell repertoire, assesses strategies that have been developed to circumvent T cell tolerance to such antigens, and evaluates the prospects for effective immunotherapy targeting broadly expressed tumour-associated proteins.
Psychotherapy in China (2001)

(2001). Psychotherapy in China. International Journal of Mental Health: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 49-68.
Effective social programme implementation through participatory learning and action (2010)

The article presents an overview of participatory learning and action as a useful approach to the designing of an ‘in service’ capacity development programme for state-appointed social workers employed within the field of victim empowerment in South Africa. Experiential problem based learning and psycho-social empowerment approaches are applied in this case study to strengthen potential for self-growth and the empowerment of a number of the social workers. The programme offers insights with regards to group process, participatory research and the role of the healthcare professional in creating opportunities for empowerment and self-growth. The usefulness of applying models from the disciplines of adult education and community psychology in the capacity development training of the participants is highlighted.
A Comparison of the Oral Sodium Tolbutamide Test and the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Selected Hospital Patients (1966)

Increasing use of the two-hour postprandial blood glucose test in screening for diabetes detection has resulted in an increased number of borderline oral glucose tolerance tests, and the dilemma of their proper interpretation. In spite of controlled pretest precautions, the two-hour-lag oral glucose tolerance test with fasting normoglycemia may lack specificity as an index of latent diabetes. The intravenous tolbutamide test as a supplemental test may offer greater specificity in the diagnosis of early diabetes, and a recent oral modification of this test offers added convenience and safety without sacrificing reliability. This is a report based upon the oral test performed on a group of 105 hospital patients selected because each had an elevated second-hour blood sugar level with fasting normoglycemia on a standard oral glucose tolerance test. An abnormal oral sodium tolbutamide test was elicited in fifty-two of this group of 105, and the abnormal tolbutamide test correlated significantly with a positive family history of diabetes, an obstetrical history suggestive of diabetes, or those patients with an elevated third-hour blood sugar level on oral glucose tolerance. In only six of the 105 patients studied were the results of the oral sodium tolbutamide tests classified as borderline between normal and abnormal by the criteria of Boshell and Vecchio. We conclude that the oral sodium tolbutamide test seems to be a valuable additional study in the appraisal of minimally abnormal oral glucose tolerance results at least in the presence of obesity, liver disease, hyperthyroidism, uremia, myocardial infarction, chronic pancreatitis, spontaneous hypoglycemia, and lymphomas and related neo-plasia representing the major disease categories in our study group.