gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive RAT-selection algorithm for enhancing QoS in heterogeneous wireless networks (2014)

Multimode terminals designed for heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) have the capability to support two or more classes of calls simultaneously. When a multimode terminal having an ongoing call initiates a new class of call, the current radio access technology (RAT) may not support the new class of call thereby necessitating a vertical handoff to a RAT that can support both the current and the newly initiated call. However, vertical handoffs incur signaling overhead, handover delay, packet loss, and service disruption. Therefore, it is important to reduce the frequency of vertical handoffs in HWNs. This paper proposes a predictive algorithm that considers the current state and the possible future state of a multimode terminal in making RAT selection decisions, and thereby reduces the frequency of vertical handoffs in HWNs. The history of a user's call logs is used in making predictions about future states of the user's multimode terminal. The paper develops an analytical model to evaluate the performance of the proposed predictive RAT-selection algorithm, using a four-RAT HWN as an example, and considering three classes of calls namely voice, video, and data. Results show that the proposed predictive algorithm significantly reduces the frequency of vertical handoff calls when compared with non-predictive algorithm in HWNs.
Circuit optimization using statistical static timing analysis (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new sensitivity based, statistical gate sizing method. Since circuit optimization effects the entire shape of the circuit delay distribution, it is difficult to capture the quality of a distribution with a single metric. Hence, we first introduce a new objective function that provides an effective measure for the quality of a delay distribution for both ASIC and high performance designs. We then propose an efficient and exact sensitivity based pruning algorithm based on a newly proposed theory of perturbation bounds. A heuristic approach for sensitivity computation which relies on efficient computation of statistical slack is then introduced. Finally, we show how the pruning and statistical slack based approaches can be combined to obtain nearly identical results compared with the brute-force approach but with an average run-time improvement of up to 89x. We also compare the optimization results against that of a deterministic optimizer and show an improvement up to 16% in the 99-percentile circuit delay and up to 31% in the standard deviation for the same circuit area.
A secure flash card solution for remote access for mobile workforce (2003)

We developed a secure remote access system using a secure flash card,for mobile workforce. The developed flash card has a tamper resistant module, which contains user authentication information and security keys. An authentication server and a client exchange their authentication information by using a key that is stored in the tamper resistant module of the flash card. Transactions between the flash card and the client are encrypted, and a processor encrypts and calculates the signature inside the tamper resistant module; thus, the system is highly secure. This remote access system also provides improved usability and increased information traceability.
A 6-Bit/200-MHz Full Nyquist A/D Converter (1985)

This paper deals with the development of an extremely fast 6-bit flash A/D converter. To gain insight into the nature of speed limitations, the effects arising from operation at very high sampling rates have been investigated. This led to the implementation of an optimized double-stage comparator circuit. The chip has been fabricated in a fast standard oxide isolated bipolar process. At a sampling rate of 200 MHz, measurements show excellent dynamic performance (high signal-to-noise ratio, no error codes) up to input frequencies of 100 MHz.
Dispersion-shifted fiber polarization scrambler based on Faraday effect (1999)

Demonstration of an all-fiber polarization scrambler based on the Faraday effect is carried out. The device has been constructed using dispersion-shifted fiber that has a major tolerance to bends than standard single-mode fiber. Results about the fiber Verdet constant when 1550-nm light is launched are presented. The performance of the constructed device is also shown. Main features are insertion losses as low as 0.4 dB and scrambling frequency up to 20 kHz. Although here we emphasize its application to low-frequency heterodyne detection, the scrambler is applicable to other systems that are polarization dependent. In particular, it would be useful to overcome problems originated by polarization dependent gain in erbium-doped fiber amplified systems.
Neural Differentiation of Spheroids Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells–Mesenchymal Stem Cells Coculture (2017)

Organoids, the condensed three-dimensional (3D) tissues emerged at the early stage of organogenesis, are a promising approach to regenerate functional and vascularized organ mimics. While incorporation of heterotypic cell types, such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived neural progenitors aid neural organ development, the interactions of secreted factors during neurogenesis have not been well understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the composition and structure of 3D hybrid spheroids of hiPSCs and hMSCs on dorsal cortical differentiation and the secretion of extracellular matrices and trophic factors in vitro. The hybrid spheroids were formed at different hiPSC:hMSC ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) using direct mixing or pre-hiPSC aggregation method, which generated dynamic spheroid structure. The cellular organization, proliferation, neural marker expression, and the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and the cytokines were characterized. The incorporation of MSCs upregulated Nestin and β-tubulin III expression (the dorsal cortical identity was shown by Pax6 and TBR1 expression), matrix remodeling proteins, and the secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 and prostaglandin E2. This study indicates that the appropriate composition and structure of hiPSC-MSC spheroids promote neural differentiation and trophic factor and matrix secretion due to the heterotypic cell-cell interactions.
The Relationship between Electrovestibulography and Parkinson's Disease Severity (2007)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second largest neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. This disease results from the loss of dopamine producing neurons in parts of the basal ganglia of the brain. Previous studies have shown the involvement of the dopamine system in the basal ganglia in balance control. Sensations of balance in the body are detected by the vestibular apparatus. In this project, electrovestibulography (EVestG) has been used to measure neuronal activity of the vestibular apparatus and nuclei from Parkinson's patients. A wavelet based signal processing technique, a Neural Event Extraction Routine, has been used to extract biomarkers from these EVestG recordings. These measurements appear to be correlated with scores from mobility tests which indicate disease progression and mobility impairment in Parkinson's patients.
Bio-sensing on a chip with compact discs and nanofibers (2005)

This paper describes a novel, sensitive detection system for biomolecules (DNA and proteins etc.) that is integrated in a lab-on-a-chip utilizing optical compact discs (CDs) and bio-nanofibers. The new method comprises a microchannel containing CD grating that confines fragments of unique bacterial cellulose fibrils (BC), which have nanometre scale fibers and holes. A maximum of six times higher sensitivity to detect DNA was obtained with this CD and BC system compared to a conventional method. We also demonstrate an effective light-confining effect for biological application with the new method.
Transient method to measure the thermal conductivity of high-temperature melts using a liquid-metal probe (1981)

A transient instrument with a liquid metal in-glass probe to measure the thermal conductivity of high-temperature melts has been developed. A wire heat source in the conventional hot-wire method was replaced by a mercury thread contained in a glass capillary. This modification has made it possible to apply the transient method to electrically conducting liquids at high temperature. Satisfactory results were obtained for HTS (Heat Transfer Salt) in the temperature range 457–580 K.
A new monoclonal-antibody two-site solid-phase immunoradiometric assay for human thyrotropin evaluated. (1984)

We compared results with a commercial solid-phase two-site immunoradiometric assay kit for human thyrotropin in which monoclonal antibodies are used (TANDEM-R TSH; Hybritech Inc.) with those by our radioimmunoassay (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41:676, 1975), which is optimized for measurement of low concentrations of thyrotropin. In the immunoradiometric assay a specific antibody to the beta subunit of human thyrotropin is immobilized on a polystyrene bead, and a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha subunit provides a measure of bead-immobilized hormone. The mean thyrotropin concentrations in 70 euthyroid serum samples were similar in the two assays. Values for hypothyroid patients were clearly higher in both assays than values for euthyroid individuals. In commercial assays the major source of error in measurement of thyrotropin response to thyroliberin in terms of the increment over the basal concentration of thyrotropin has been systematic errors in the measurement of those basal concentrations. With the present assay, however, basal values are obtained with good precision and accuracy: CV = 2.9% at 6 milli-int. units/L (n = 48).
A reinvestigation of the amino acid sequences of bovine, rabbit, monkey, and human myelin basic proteins. (1985)

In order to determine whether bovine, rabbit, and monkey myelin basic proteins (BPs) have the sequence Gly-His or His-Gly at positions corresponding to bovine sequence 76-77, we isolated the tryptic peptides encompassing the sequence in question in these proteins and cleaved them into dipeptides with dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I (EC 3.4.14.1). Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the dipeptides released showed that in no case did His follow Gly or Gly precede His. The identification of peptides Ala-Gln and His-Gly (bovine BP) and Ser-His and Gly-Arg (rabbit and monkey BPs) established the His-Gly sequence. A similar sequence analysis of tryptic peptide (80-91) of human BP confirmed the sequence Thr-Gln-Asp-Glu-Asn-Pro (80-85).
Tire Conicity and Ply Steer Effects on Vehicle Performance (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Conicity and ply steer are lateral forces developed by tires whose importance has surfaced with radial tire popularity. Understanding their significance is enhanced by knowing their dependence on measurement and usage parameters and tire construction features.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Their effects on vehicle performance are manifested in vehicle pull and vehicle drift or dog tracking. Knowing their individual vehicle performance characteristics offers insight into handling related field-service problems more effectively.</div>
Polarization switching in ferroelectric nanodots subjected to a curled electric field (2011)

Summary Ferroelectric nanostructures exhibit vortex structures with the shrinking of the relevant lengths to the nanometer scale because of the strong depolarization field. The vortex structure in the nanoscale ferroelectrics, similar to the vortex structure in magnetic nanostructure, is regarded as a toroidal order which is different from the common homogeneous polarization order. The finding of the vortex in ferroelectric nanostructures opens exciting opportunities for designing nanomemory devices, which holds a promise to increase the density of ferroelectric nonvolatile random access memories by several orders of magnitude. The switching behavior of polarization vortex under a curled field is different from the traditional planar capacitor cases. A full understanding of the switching behavior is essential for the application of polarization vortex in further nonvolatile random access memories. In the present study, the polarization switching in a single-crystal ferroelectric tetragonal nanodot subjected to curled electric fields is investigated by a phase field model. The simulation results show that the switching of polarization vortex in the tetragonal nanodot does not begin from the location with the highest energy density, which is different from those of ferroelectric nanotubes and ferroelectric cylindrical nanodots. It is found that the vortex switching begins from the dot corners with the lowest elastic energy density, which implies the elastic constraint as well as the geometry plays an important role on the switching of polarization vortex in ferroelectric nanostructures.
The structure of cercosporin, a naturally occurring quinone (1971)

R. J. J. Ch. Lousberg, U. Weiss, C. A. Salemink, A. Arnone, L. Merlini and G. Nasini, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 1463 DOI: 10.1039/C29710001463
Hepatic inositol release upon hormonal stimulation of perfused rat liver (1988)

A sustained increase in the hepatic release of 3H radioactivity was shown to occur upon hormonal stimulation of perfused rat liver 15-20 h after intraperitoneal injection of 100 microCi of myo-[2-3H]inositol. Hormone-released radioactive material was analysed by t.l.c. and was found to consist predominantly of [3H]inositol, without further metabolites. Vasopressin (14 nM), phenylephrine (1.7 microM), angiotensin II (15 nM), glucagon (0.5 nM) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (5 microM) exert maximal effects on hepatic inositol efflux after 10-15 min of stimulation. Omission of Ca2+ from the perfusion medium abolishes the hormone-dependent inositol release. LiCl (10 mM) does not significantly affect the basal release of [3H]inositol, but suppresses vasopressin- and angiotensin-triggered inositol release. Inositol efflux induced by glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and phenylephrine, however, remains essentially unchanged by LiCl infusion. This establishes a further metabolic difference between these two groups of agonists in that stimuli that act through cyclic AMP produce a stimulated outflow of inositol, but apparently without a Li+-sensitive phosphatase being involved in the overall process.
The Research of Modeling method of railway 3D Landscape (2014)

It's very important for environment simulation in the three-dimensional railway line selection and design, and the establishment of three-dimensional landscape model impacts the fidelity of simulation environment directly. The paper studied. Of the 3D landscape modeling methods and key technologies. The paper achieved three-dimensional modeling of railway line used bi-cubic coons model, realized line structures three-dimensional modeling by object-oriented modeling approach. Based on Visual C + + and Oracle databases, The paper established the structure model library and realized the effective management of the model, Solved the exact match and control problem between structure mode and the threedimensional scene, Achieved the application of structure mode in three-dimensional line landscape simulation and established a three-dimensional line landscape with higher fidelity. Developed a three-dimensional landscape line dynamic environment simulation system based on the methods and theories of paper studied. Using this system, Yunnan -Tibet railway line has been designed 3D landscape modeling, Verified the correctness of the theory and algorithms of paper studied.
Chromatographic Resolution of Amino Acids Using Tartaric Acid Mono-N-octylamide as Mobile Phase Additive (1986)

Abstract Chromatographic resolution of enantiomeric amino acids by a chiral ligand exchange system is presented using a novel chiral mobile phase additive, (R,R)-tartaric acid mono-n-octylamide (TAMOA) which sufficiently complexes copper II or nickel II ions. The chiral system is generated by dynamically coating a reversed phase packing, and shows selectivity for many amino acids. Under certain conditions also norepinephrine can be partially resolved. Retention and enantion separation mechanisms in conjunction with the mobile phase composition and the ratio of TAMOA to the metal ion are discussed.
Active Manganese Dioxide Oxidation in Organic Chemistry - Part I (1976)

A review is given of reactions in which active manganese dioxide and its various modifications provide a reagent of choice for a mild, selective, heterogeneous oxidation of diverse classes of organic compounds. Applications of manganese dioxide as a dehydrogenation reagent, a coupling reagent, and as an analytical tool are also discussed. Part I 1. Type and Methods of Preparation of Active Manganese Dioxide 2. Solvent Effects on Oxidation 3. Time and Temperature Effects on Oxidation 4. Structure of Active Manganese Dioxide 5. Aspects of Mechanisms of Oxidation by Active Manganese Dioxide 6. Oxidation of Alcohols and Hydroxy Compounds 7. Acetylenic Alcohols 8. Terpenes 9. Steroids 10. Alkaloids 11. Benzylic Alcohols 12. Heterocyclic Alcohols 13. Saturated Aliphatic Alcohols 14. Polyhydroxy Compounds 15. Carbohydrates 16. Phenols Part II (page 133) 17. Benzilic Acid Type Rearrangement 18. Dehydrogenation 19. Oxidative Aromatization 20. Hydrocarbons 21. Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines 22. Hydrazines and Derivatives 23. Miscellaneous Oxidations 24. Addenda
A Thermal Energy Harvesting Power Supply With an Internal Startup Circuit for Pacemakers (2015)

A complete thermal energy harvesting power supply for implantable pacemakers is presented in this paper. The designed power supply includes an internal startup and does not need any external reference voltage. The startup circuit includes a prestartup charge pump (CP) and a startup boost converter. The prestartup CP consists of an ultralow-voltage oscillator followed by a high-efficiency modified Dickson. Forward body biasing is used to effectively reduce the MOS threshold voltages as well as the supply voltage in oscillator and CP. The steady-state circuit includes a high-efficiency boost converter that utilizes a modified maximum powerpoint tracking scheme. The system is designed so that no failure occurs under overload conditions. Using this approach, a thermal energy harvesting power supply has been designed using 180-nm CMOS technology. According to HSPICE simulation results, the circuit operates from input voltages as low as 40 mV provided from a thermoelectric generator and generates output voltages up to 3 V. A maximum power of 130 μW can be obtained from the output of the boost converter, which means that its efficiency is 60%. A minimum voltage of 60 mV and a maximum time of 400 ms are needed for the circuit to start up.
Synthesis of functional polypyrrole/prussian blue and polypyrrole/Ag composite microtubes by using a reactive template (2007)

Polypyrrole (PPy)/PB and PPy/Ag composite microtubes were synthesized in one pot by using methyl orange (MO) as a reactive self-degraded template. In contrast to reported conventional template approaches, the MO template did not need to be removed after polymerization. The formation mechanism, structural characteristics, conductivity, and electrochemical properties of the obtained PPy/PB and PPy/Ag microtubes are reported.
The structure of the TATA-less rat tissue-type plasminogen activator gene. Species-specific sequence divergences in the promoter predict differences in regulation of gene expression. (1990)

The genomic region carrying the rat tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) gene including its 5'-flanking sequence has been isolated and characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, Southern blotting, and DNA sequencing of all coding parts and the promoter region. The gene is approximately 25 kilobase pairs in size and comprises 14 exons separated by 13 introns. All the exon/intron boundaries agree with the GT-AG rule. The organization of the rat tPA gene is very similar to its human counterpart, and the location of the introns in the protein structure is identical to the human tPA gene. To characterize the promoter region, the transcription initiation site was identified by S1 nuclease protection experiments. A DNA fragment carrying 621 nucleotides of the 5'-flanking sequence was found to confer basal promoter activity and hormone responsiveness to a reporter gene construct in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. Analysis of the rat tPA promoter sequence and a comparison with the human and mouse counterparts reveal several species-specific differences: the rat and mouse tPA promoters lack typical TATA and CAAT sequences found in the human tPA gene. Furthermore, the rat tPA promoter contains a consensus cAMP-responsive element shown to be required for cAMP responsiveness in eucaryotic genes. At the same position as the cAMP-responsive element in the rat gene, the mouse and human tPA genes have a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive element known to mediate activation by phorbol esters. The differences in the promoter sequences of the rat, mouse, and human tPA genes may have implications for the regulation of the tPA gene in different species.
A NEW LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR CLASSIFICATION IN THE REDUCED SPACE (2008)

The aim of the research reported in the paper was twofold: to propose a new approach in cluster analysis and to investigate its performance, when it is combined with dimensionality reduction schemes. Our attempt is based on group skeletons defined by a set of orthogonal and unitary eigen vectors (principal directions) of the sample covariance matrix. Our developments impose a set of quite natural working assumptions on the true but unknown nature of the class system. The search process for the optimal clusters approximating the unknown classes towards getting homogenous groups, where the homogeneity is defined in terms of the “typicality” of components with respect to the current skeleton. Our method is described in the third section of the paper. The compression scheme was set in terms of the principal directions corresponding to the available cloud. The final section presents the results of the tests aiming the comparison between the performances of our method and the standard k-means clustering technique when they are applied to the initial space as well as to compressed data.
Wide-Plate Testing of Weldments: Part III—Heat-Affected Zone Wide-Plate Studies (1990)

This paper, Part III in this series on wide-plate testing of weldments, reviews the latest developments in wide-plate test procedures used for evaluation of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) toughness in steel weldments. In particular, emphasis is placed on the transversely loaded wide-plate test specimen in which the orientation of both the crack and the weld is transverse to the loading direction. This wide-plate test configuration is often conducted to evaluate the structural significance of low HAZ CTOD values. To this end, fatigue-precracked surface-notched wide-plate specimen tests are employed to assess this specific local brittle zone (LBZ) problem. The need for sectioning the wide-plate specimen after testing to identify whether the intended microstructures have been sampled is discussed, and examples are given to illustrate the type of information which is currently produced.
Polymeric micelles as drug delivery vehicles (2014)

Though much progress has been made in drug delivery systems, the design of a suitable carrier for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs is still a major challenge for researchers.