gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disruption of the SCL gene by a t(1;3) translocation in a patient with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1992)

SCL gene disruptions are the most common chromosomal abnormality associated with the development of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Such disruptions can be the result of t(1;14) and t(1;7) translocations, as well as a cytogenetically undetectable interstitial deletion of chromosome 1. We present here a case of T cell ALL with a t(1;3)(p34;p21) translocation that also disrupts the SCL locus and leads to dysregulated SCL gene expression. This translocation, similar to previously reported SCL gene disruptions, appears to have been mediated, at least in part, by the V(D)J recombinase complex, since cryptic heptamer recognition sequences, as well as nontemplated N region nucleotide addition, are present at the breakpoints. The t(1;3) also disrupts a region on chromosome 3 characterized by alternating purine and pyrimidine residues, which can form a Z-DNA structure, reported to be prone to recombination events. A previously undescribed, evolutionarily conserved transcript unit is detected within 8 kb of the breakpoint on chromosome 3. This report extends the spectrum of recognized SCL translocations associated with T cell ALL, and underscores the contention that dysregulated SCL expression may be a causal event in T cell ALL.
A three-path ultrasonic flowmeter for small-diameter pipelines (1989)

An ultrasonic flowmeter has been developed which incorporates a single transmitting transducer and lens system producing a diverging ultrasound beam detected by three widely spaced receiving transducers. This enables measurements to be made with three ultrasound paths in pipelines of relatively small diameter. Volume flow rate is evaluated from measurements of the difference in phase angle between the received signals under 'flow' and 'no-flow' conditions. A separate cross-flow ultrasound system is used to correct measurements for variations in sound velocity with temperature. For fully developed turbulent flow, the measured phase differences are linearly related to flow rate as predicted by theoretical analysis of the system. The meter compares the flow rates derived from the phase-angle differences for three paths. Agreement of all flow rates indicates that fully developed turbulent flow exists, as present during calibration, and a weighted mean flow-rate is determined and displayed. In other cases warning is given that a reliable measurement of the flow rate cannot be made.
Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol (2011)

Normalisation of both beta cell function and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes was achieved by dietary energy restriction alone. This was associated with decreased pancreatic and liver triacylglycerol stores. The abnormalities underlying type 2 diabetes are reversible by reducing dietary energy intake.
Growing winter wheat in Iowa (1911)

During the last half decade winter wheat has been Iowa’s most profitable grain crop. Taking the average yield per acre and the average price per bushel for the crops of the state, winter wheat has given an average acre return of $16.19, while the next best paying crop, corn, has an average of only $15.46, and the other crops still less.\nThe profit in growing winter wheat in Iowa is well illustrated in table 1 and figure 2, compiled from the reports of the crop and weather service of the Iowa State Department of Agriculture. The table shows the average yield per acre of Iowa’s important cereals and their average farm value December 1, for the five years 1906 to 1910, inclusive. From these figures the average value per acre of these crops has been calculated as shown in the right hand column.
Threshold pressure and its influence in chemical mechanical polishing for IC fabrication (2002)

A microscopic analysis of the interaction between abrasive particles, the polished wafer surface, and polishing pad has shown that there can exist a threshold pressure in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) for IC fabrication. When the applied pressure to the polished wafer is less than the threshold pressure, the CMP removal is negligible. It is found that the threshold pressure plays a significant role in CMP; e.g., it greatly influences the selectivity and the pattern density dependence of polishing. This new fundamental discovery is fully supported by a variety of experimental results on dielectric and metal CMP and it has important implications to CMP consumable development and process optimization.
A note on the hamming weighting of linear-FM pulses (1979)

For rectangular linear-FM pulses with time-bandwidth product less than about 170, Hamming weighting (of a matched-filter receiver) produces lower largest range sidelobes if applied in the time domain rather than the frequency domain.
Construction of expression systems for<i>flaA</i>and<i>flaB</i>genes of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>and determination of immunoreactivity and antigenicity of recombinant proteins (2003)

Two prokaryotic expression systems with high efficiency of H pylori flaA and flaB genes were successfully established. The expressed rFlaA and rFlaB showed satisfactory immunoreactivity and antigenicity. High frequencies of FlaA and FlaB expression in different H pylori clinical strains and the general existence of specific antibodies against FlaA and FlaB in H pylori infected patients strongly indicate that FlaA and FlaB are excellent antigen candidates for developing H pylori vaccine.
LINC, a Human Complex That is Related to pRB-Containing Complexes in Invertebrates Regulates the Expression of G<sub>2</sub>/M Genes (2007)

Here we report the identification of the LIN complex (LINC), a human multiprotein complex that is required for transcriptional activation of G2/M genes. LINC is related to the recently identified dREAM and DRM complexes of Drosophila and C. elegans that contain homologs of the mammalian retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. The LINC core complex consists of at least five subunits including the chromatin-associated LIN-9 and RbAp48 proteins. LINC dynamically associates with pocket proteins, E2F and B-MYB during the cell cycle. In quiescent cells, LINC binds to p130 and E2F4. During cell cycle entry, E2F4 and p130 dissociate and LINC switches to B-MYB and p107. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that LINC associates with a large number of E2F-regulated promoters in quiescent cells. However, RNAi experiments reveal that LINC is not required for repression. In S-phase, LINC selectively binds to the promoters of G2/M genes whose products are required for mitosis and plays an important role in their cell cycle dependent activation.
Fertility Rates (2016)

Fertility rates measure the number of children born or expected to be born within a particular group, commonly defined by geographical boundaries or demographic features. Changes in fertility rates can have profound impacts on the way a society operates and, conversely, societal institutions and cultural norms influence fertility rates. The gender organization of society is associated with fertility rates. The freedom and ability to decide on the number, timing, and spacing of births is often referred to as reproductive rights. Governments sometimes intervene to shape fertility rates with anti‐ or pro‐natalist policies, policies which can reflect ethno‐nationalist projects or gendered ideolgies.
Effect of input second harmonic control for saturated amplifier (2012)

Effect of the input second harmonic control on saturated amplifier is investigated. With only nonlinear input capacitor, the proper phase relationship between fundamental and second harmonic currents for the half-sinusoidal voltage waveform can be achieved at the expense of the enlarged conduction angle. However, with both input and output nonlinear capacitors, the output capacitor, which generates a lot of second harmonic with small higher harmonics, can be employed for the half-sinusoidal voltage shaping. Thus, the input second harmonic can be terminated to reduce the conduction angle for high efficiency. The effect of the input second harmonic control is validated using simplified and real device models. Based on the strategy for the harmonic control, a high-efficiency saturated amplifier is implemented at 3.5 GHz, delivering a power-added efficiency of 78.5% at a saturated output power of 38.2 dBm.
<i>Tachyphron</i>, a New Genus of Australian Thynninae (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) (1995)

ABSTRACT Tachyphron gen.n. is erected for T. subtriangularus, T. triangularus and T. trispinosus spp.n. from the Northern Territory, and T. armidalensis sp.n. from New South Wales.
Structural purity of magnetite nanoparticles in magnetotactic bacteria (2011)

Magnetosome biomineralization and chain formation in magnetotactic bacteria are two processes that are highly controlled at the cellular level in order to form cellular magnetic dipoles. However, even if the magnetosome chains are well characterized, controversial results about the microstructure of magnetosomes were obtained and its possible influence in the formation of the magnetic dipole is to be specified. For the first time, the microstructure of intracellular magnetosomes was investigated using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Significant differences in the lattice parameter were found between intracellular magnetosomes from cultured magnetotactic bacteria and isolated ones. Through comparison with abiotic control materials of similar size, we show that this difference can be associated with different oxidation states and that the biogenic nanomagnetite is stoichiometric, i.e. structurally pure whereas isolated magnetosomes are slightly oxidized. The hierarchical structuring of the magnetosome chain thus starts with the formation of structurally pure magnetite nanoparticles that in turn might influence the magnetic property of the magnetosome chains.
[<sup>125</sup>I]Iodohydroxynitrobenzylthioinosine: a new high-affinity nucleoside transporter probe (1987)

[125I]iodohydroxynitrobenzylthioinosine ([125I]IH-NBMPR), a new gamma-labeled nucleoside transport inhibitor, has been prepared at a theoretical specific activity of 2000 Ci/mmol (1 Ci = 37 GBq). IH-NBMPR was more acidic than hydroxynitrobenzylthioinosine (H-NBMPR), having a pKa of 4.6. Site-specific binding of [125I]IH-NBMPR to membrane-enriched fractions (MEF) from S49 mouse lymphoma cells was pH dependent, increasing with the fraction of undissociated molecules present; it was maximal at pH 4.5 and negligible at pH 7.0. Scatchard analysis of specific binding to MEF from S49 cells under equilibrium conditions at pH 5.0 yielded a Kd of 15 nM (equivalent to 4.0 nM for the undissociated fraction of inhibitor molecules) and maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of 4.9 pmol/mg protein. Specific binding of IH-NBMPR could not be demonstrated in MEF from AE1 cells, a nucleoside transport-deficient mutant of S49 cells. Influx of uridine into mouse erythrocytes at pH 5.0 in the presence of 5 microM IH-NBMPR (1.4 microM undissociated IH-NBMPR) was reduced to about 7% of the control value, indicating that this compound is an effective nucleoside transport inhibitor. Photoactivation of site-bound [125I]IH-NBMPR, following equilibration of the ligand with MEF from S49 cells at pH 5.0, resulted in specific covalent labeling of a polypeptide with a relative molecular mass of 52,000-63,000, identified on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. These results indicate that the new, iodinated ligand is an inhibitor of nucleoside transport and that it binds specifically and with high affinity to nucleoside transporter polypeptides in mammalian cells.
Synthesis of 2‐thiobenzimidazole derivatives as potential antifilarial agents (1985)

Abstract Several 5‐benzoyl‐2‐thiobenzimidazole and 2‐thiobenzimidazole aliphatic acids, esters, and N,N ‐dialkyl‐carboxamides and thiocarboxamides were prepared by reacting bromo aliphatic acids, bromo aliphatic esters, and N,N ‐dialkylcarbamoyl or thiocarbamoyl chlorides with 5‐benzoyl‐2‐thiobenzimidazole or 2‐thiobenzimidazole in the presence of base. 2‐Thiocarbomethoxy‐ and 2‐thiocarboethoxybenzimidazole were prepared by the reaction of 2‐thiobenzimidazole with methyl or ethyl chloroformate in the presence of base. However, the reaction of 5‐benzoyl‐2‐thiobenzimidazole with ethyl chloroformate, afforded 5‐benzoyl‐2‐ethylthiobenz‐imidazole.
Olf-1-binding site: characterization of an olfactory neuron-specific promoter motif. (1993)

We report characterization of several domains within the 5' flanking region of the olfactory marker protein (OMP) gene that may participate in regulating transcription of this and other olfactory neuron-specific genes. Analysis by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting identifies two regions that contain a novel sequence motif. Interactions between this motif and nuclear proteins were detected only with nuclear protein extracts derived from olfactory neuroepithelium, and this activity is more abundant in olfactory epithelium enriched in immature neurons. We have designated a factor(s) involved in this binding as Olf-1. The Olf-1-binding motif consensus sequence was defined as TCCCC(A/T)NGGAG. Studies with transgenic mice indicate that a 0.3-kb fragment of the OMP gene containing one Olf-1 motif is sufficient for olfactory tissue-specific expression of the reporter gene. Some of the other identified sequence motifs also interact specifically with olfactory nuclear protein extracts. We propose that Olf-1 is a novel, olfactory neuron-specific trans-acting factor involved in the cell-specific expression of OMP.
Graph sparsification by effective resistances (2008)

We present a nearly-linear time algorithm that produces high-quality sparsifiers of weighted graphs. Given as input a weighted graph G=(V,E,w) and a parameter ε>0, we produce a weighted subgraph H=(V,~E,~w) of G such that |~E|=O(n log n/ε2) and for all vectors x in RV. (1-ε) ∑uv ∈ E (x(u)-x(v))2wuv≤ ∑uv in ~E(x(u)-x(v))2~wuv ≤ (1+ε)∑uv ∈ E(x(u)-x(v))2wuv. This improves upon the sparsifiers constructed by Spielman and Teng, which had O(n logc n) edges for some large constant c, and upon those of Benczur and Karger, which only satisfied (1) for x in {0,1}V. We conjecture the existence of sparsifiers with O(n) edges, noting that these would generalize the notion of expander graphs, which are constant-degree sparsifiers for the complete graph. A key ingredient in our algorithm is a subroutine of independent interest: a nearly-linear time algorithm that builds a data structure from which we can query the approximate effective resistance between any two vertices in a graph in O(log n) time.
Silicon Photonics Transmitter with SOA and Semiconductor Mode-Locked Laser (2017)

We experimentally investigate an optical link relying on silicon photonics transmitter and receiver components as well as a single section semiconductor mode-locked laser as a light source and a semiconductor optical amplifier for signal amplification. A transmitter based on a silicon photonics resonant ring modulator, an external single section mode-locked laser and an external semiconductor optical amplifier operated together with a standard receiver reliably supports 14 Gbps on-off keying signaling with a signal quality factor better than 7 for 8 consecutive comb lines, as well as 25 Gbps signaling with a signal quality factor better than 7 for one isolated comb line, both without forward error correction. Resonant ring modulators and Germanium waveguide photodetectors are further hybridly integrated with chip scale driver and receiver electronics, and their co-operability tested. These experiments will serve as the basis for assessing the feasibility of a silicon photonics wavelength division multiplexed link relying on a single section mode-locked laser as a multi-carrier light source.
[Evaluation of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) and trastuzumab combination therapy as salvage treatment in patients with HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer]. (2009)

This therapy for patients with HER2 overexpressing metastatic cancer resistant to multi-agents demonstrated a good result in terms of antitumor effect. But high tolerability could not be documented by our experience with this therapy. It was supposed that the risk management with prediction of adverse events and preparation of better supportive therapy could make for the higher tolerability of this therapy for more effective clinical use.
Steroid Oral Contraceptives (1966)

The history of the chemical developments which made the biological studies possible to lead to the development of the steroid contraceptive agents is reviewed. Steroid nomenclature the structural specificity associated with progestational activity and the synthesis of 19-nor steroids are covered briefly including the chemical reactions involved in the synthesis. The removal of the angular methyl groud was found to increase or diminish biological activity depending on the type of steroid hormone being manipulated. The introduction of an acetoxyl substitutent at carbon-17 of progesterone confers appreciable progestational activity when the substances are administered orally. In the discussion of chemical supply and clinical demand a naturally occurring plant sapogenin diosgenin is named as the most common starting material for partial synthesis in oral contraceptives.
Smartsupply: Smart Contract Based Validation for Supply Chain Blockchain (2018)

Blockchain based supply chain systems benefit from immutability and auditability properties. We develop and implement a blockchain based supply chain system in Ethereum platform. We find and address several challenges both in system design and performance issues. We focus on system design for transaction validation, information retrieval efficiency and fault-tolerant query mechanism. We describe our implementation details to bypass some of the limitations in Ethereum and smart contracts. We design a smart contract to efficiently organize miners' local data structure for transaction validation and information retrieval. We design Ethereum smart contract that allows transaction validation based on a priori knowledge of product life cycle. Our system achieves constant time latency per query independent of the blockchain length. We also consider supply chain systems with malicious miners that respond with false data upon query. We develop a sampling query and majority voting method accordingly. We evaluate our system's performance in emulated setting and show that even with 30% malicious miners, we still achieve reasonable accuracy in only 0.0723 seconds response time on average.
A Modular PIP <sub>2</sub> Binding Site as a Determinant of Capsaicin Receptor Sensitivity (2003)

The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1), a heat-activated ion channel of the pain pathway, is sensitized by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis after phospholipase C activation. We identify a site within the C-terminal domain of TRPV1 that is required for PIP2-mediated inhibition of channel gating. Mutations that weaken PIP2-TRPV1 interaction reduce thresholds for chemical or thermal stimuli, whereas TRPV1 channels in which this region is replaced with a lipid-binding domain from PIP2-activated potassium channels remain inhibited by PIP2. The PIP2-interaction domain therefore serves as a critical determinant of thermal threshold and dynamic sensitivity range, tuning TRPV1, and thus the sensory neuron, to appropriately detect heat under normal or pathophysiological conditions.
A 1:1 electron stepper (1989)

A new approach to the design of a 1:1 electron stepper has been suggested. A metal-insulator–metal (MIM) cathode is used in place of the photoemission one. The mechanism of the electron emission from the MIM cathode is markedly different from that of photoemission. In the MIM cathode the electrons from the base metal layer move through the thin dielectric layer, in which a strong electric field is generated (about 7×108 V m−1), into the outer thin metal layer. Those electrons that have enough energy remaining after scattering in the dielectric and outer thin metal layer (to overcome the work function barrier of the outer metal layer) will escape into the vacuum. Compared to photoemission, the described mechanism has some advantages if considered for use in electron projection lithography. For example, an emission current density of the order of 10−4 A cm−2; the cathode can be easily and quickly switched on and off with the image of the mask and independently of the orientation marks; and finally, the possibility of preparing cathodes outside the vacuum chamber of the stepper and their storing. To verify the advantages of the MIM cathode and experimental 1:1 electron stepper has been constructed and orientation experiments have been evaluated.
Organic matter : productivity, accumulation, and preservation in recent and ancient sediments (1992)

The 22 chapters of the volume are divided into four basic sections: Preliminaries (3 chapters); Recent Sediments and Depositional Environments (7 chapters); Transitions (7 chapters); and Ancient Sediments (5 chapters). The Preliminaries section has a great historical vignette of John Hunt presented by Wally Dow and a paper by Hunt himself on simple graphical procedures for estimating, quickly, rough measures of organic maturity in sedimentary basins. The theme of the papers in the Recent Sediments section is concerned with preservation of organic matter and the relation of that preservation to anoxic conditions, and the controls on spatial and temporal variations of anoxia. Each paper not only provides background geologic conditions appropriate to the investigation undertaken, but also has copious data from case studies to buttress the basic geochemical factors being addressed. The examples used are world-wide so that a variety of processes are examined. In the Transition section, the theme of the potpourri of papers is concerned with attempts to use recorders of organic matter alteration (biomarkers, bitumens, stable carbon isotope changes) in connection with early-stage diagenesis and catagenesis data in order to link those recorders to more direct measures of alteration. The general idea being, presumably, to provide amore » smooth transition from direct statements of alteration to the indirect inferences that have to be made in Ancient Sediments. The Ancient Sediments section looks more to the hydrocarbons, their compounds, and direct aliphatic/aromatic signatures to identify sources, generation timing, facies control, and depositional environment changes impacting hydrocarbon measures of organic matter maturation.« less
Influence of Homogeneous Weak Electric Field on the Chemical Potential and Heat Capacity of Charged Fermion System (2010)

In light of the semiclassical (Thomas-Fermi) approximation method, the thermodynamic properties of the charged fermion system in homogeneous weak electric field are studied. After deriving the relationship of chemical potential and heat capacity of charged fermion system changed with the external electric field, then the analytic formula of the chemical potential and heat capacity of charged fermion system in the high and low temperature approximation condition is desired. Moreover, the influence of the homogeneous weak electric field on the chemical potential and heat capacity are analyzed.