gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BTNL2, a Butyrophilin-Like Molecule That Functions to Inhibit T Cell Activation (2006)

B7 family members regulate T cell activation and tolerance. Although butyrophilin proteins share sequence homology with the B7 molecules, it is unclear whether they have any function in immune responses. In the present study, we characterize an MHC class II gene-linked butyrophilin family member, butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2), the mutation of which has been recently associated with the inflammatory autoimmune diseases sarcoidosis and myositis. Mouse BTNL2 is a type I transmembrane protein with two pairs of Ig-like domains separated by a heptad peptide sequence. BTNL2 mRNA is highly expressed in lymphoid tissues as well as in intestine. To characterize the function of BTNL2, we produced a BTNL2-Ig fusion protein. It recognized a putative receptor whose expression on B and T cells was significantly enhanced after activation. BTNL2-Ig inhibited T cell proliferation and TCR activation of NFAT, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 signaling pathways. BTNL2 is thus the first member of the butyrophilin family that regulates T cell activation, which has implications in immune diseases and immunotherapy.
[Hepatitis G virus (HGBV-C/HGV) as a putative agent for non-A to E hepatitis]. (1997)

Recently, a possible agent for non-A to E hepatitis, designated hepatitis GB virus C (HGBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV), has been discovered; HGBV-C and HGV are considered separate isolates of the same virus and responsible for a common, persistent, transfusion-transmissible infection. Although the vast majority of HGBV-C/HGV infections are not associated with hepatic injuries and the presence of HGBV-C/HGV infection had no apparent effect on the clinical course of coexistent hepatitis C, the viral RNA has been reported in some patients with chronic hepatitis or fulminant hepatitis of a non-A to E etiology. At present we cannot draw definitive conclusions regarding the course and outcome of all individuals infected with HGBV-C/HGV alone. More extensive studies are required before HGBV-C/HGV can be regarded as a passenger virus.
The audibility of direct sound as a key to measuring the clarity of speech and music (2011)

Human ear/brain systems evolved to decode the direction, timbre, and distance of multiple sounds in a complex and noisy environment. In a reverberant space, this information is only available at the onset of a sound, before reflections overwhelm it. But since the time of Sabine acoustic science has concentrated on the decay of sound in a reverberant field, not on the audibility of the onset information. In addition, it is well known that the ability to separate multiple sound sources depends critically on pitch, but acoustic research studies only noise and impulses. This paper proposes that clarity requires the ability to separately analyze multiple sounds (the cocktail party effect) and that the cocktail party effect depends on phase relationships between harmonics of complex tones. These phase relationships are scrambled in predicable ways by reflections and reverberation. Well known properties of human hearing are used to develop both a physical model for the neurology of onset detection and an impulse response measure for localization and clarity in a reverberant field. A C language implementation of the physical model is capable of predicting and perhaps measuring the localizability of individual musicians in a binaural recording of live music.
Cell-Mediated Transgenesis in Rabbits: Chimeric and Nuclear Transfer Animals (2010)

The ability to perform precise genetic engineering such as gene targeting in rabbits would benefit biomedical research by enabling, for example, the generation of genetically defined rabbit models of human diseases. This has so far not been possible because of the lack of functional rabbit embryonic stem cells and the high fetal and perinatal mortality associated with rabbit somatic cell nuclear transfer. We examined cultured pluripotent and multipotent cells for their ability to support the production of viable animals. Rabbit putative embryonic stem (ES) cells were derived and shown capable of in vitro and in vivo pluripotent differentiation. We report the first live born ES-derived rabbit chimera. Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were derived from bone marrow, and multipotent differentiation was demonstrated in vitro. Nuclear transfer was carried out with both cell types, and embryo development was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Rabbit MSCs were markedly more successful than ES cells as nuclear donors. MSCs were transfected with fluorescent reporter gene constructs and assessed for nuclear transfer competence. Transfected MSCs supported development with similar efficiency as normal MSCs and resulted in the first live cloned rabbits from genetically manipulated MSCs. Reactivation of fluorescence reporter gene expression in reconstructed embryos was investigated as a means of identifying viable embryos in vitro but was not a reliable predictor. We also examined serial nuclear transfer as a means of rescuing dead animals.
Global Dynamics of MEMS Resonators under Superharmonic Excitation (2006)

We present a methodology to simulate the transient and steady-state dynamics of microbeams undergoing small or large motions actuated by combined DC and AC loads. We use our methodology to simulate the dynamics of MEMS resonators excited near half their fundamental natural frequencies (superharmonic excitation). We present results showing the effect of varying the DC bias, the damping, and the AC excitation amplitude on the frequency-response curves. Weshow that the dynamic pull-in phenomenon can occur for a superharmonic excitation at an electric load much lower than that predicted based on static analysis.
Expression of the K303R Estrogen Receptor-α Breast Cancer Mutation Induces Resistance to an Aromatase Inhibitor via Addiction to the PI3K/Akt Kinase Pathway (2009)

Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are rapidly becoming the first choice for hormonal treatment of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha)-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, de novo and acquired resistance frequently occurs. We have previously identified a lysine to arginine transition at residue 303 (K303R) in ERalpha in premalignant breast lesions and invasive breast cancers, which confers estrogen hypersensitivity and resistance to tamoxifen treatment. Thus, we questioned whether resistance to AIs could arise in breast cancer cells expressing the ERalpha mutation. As preclinical models to directly test this possibility, we generated K303R-overexpressing MCF-7 cells stably transfected with an aromatase expression vector. Cells were stimulated with the aromatase substrate, androstenedione, with or without the AI anastrozole (Ana). We found that Ana decreased androstenedione-stimulated growth of wild-type cells, whereas K303R-expressing cells were resistant to the inhibitory effect of Ana on growth. We propose that a mechanism of resistance involves an increased binding between the mutant receptor and the p85alpha regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K), leading to increased PI3K activity and activation of protein kinase B/Akt survival pathways. Inhibition of the selective "addiction" to the PI3K/Akt pathway reversed AI resistance associated with expression of the mutant receptor. Our findings suggest that the K303R ERalpha mutation might be a new predictive marker of response to AIs in mutation-positive breast tumors, and that targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway may be a useful strategy for treating patients with tumors resistant to hormone therapy.
Control of Biogenic Nanocrystal Formation in Biomineralization (2015)

Abstract Many organisms build crystals with almost complete control over all aspects of crystal formation, from nucleation to growth, from composition to polymorphic structure, and from morphology to size. In biomineralization, the control is fundamentally always exerted at the level of nanometers, because the building blocks themselves are at the nanoscale. We have chosen to describe in some detail four biological systems that produce nanoscale crystals using different mineralization pathways, different levels of control, and have different functions. These four cases are: bone crystal composites; guanine nanocrystal reflectors; magnetotactic bacteria with single domain magnets; and coccoliths, whose functions have yet to be identified. This is followed by a discussion aimed at identifying possible specific and/or common underlying principles involved in nanocrystal formation in biology.
A Small Signal Equivalent Circuit Model for Resonant Tunnelling Diode (2006)

We report a resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) small signal equivalent circuit model consisting of quantum capacitance and quantum inductance. The model is verified through the actual InAs/In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs RTD fabricated on an InP substrate. Model parameters are extracted by fitting the equivalent circuit model with ac measurement data in three different regions of RTD current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The electron lifetime, representing the average time that the carriers remain in the quasibound states during the tunnelling process, is also calculated to be 2.09 ps.
A New Approach for Remote User Authentication in a Multi - Server Environment Based on DYNAMIC-ID using SMART-CARD (2016)

Internet and Communication Technologies operates widely in a multi-server environment. Authentication is one of a primary concern in multiserver environment. There are so many remote user authentication schemes using smart cards that operate in multi-server environment. But there are some authentication bottlenecks that these schemes suffer from. We have analyzed some schemes on the grounds of some specific security requirements and goals. In this paper, we propose a scheme that integrates key exchange and session key agreement in one phase and also supports traceability feature and resists denial of service attack.
Syntheses of the metabolites of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(hexahydro-4-methyl-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazole difumarate (KG-2413) and related compounds. (1989)

The metabolites of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(hexahydro-4-methyl-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)-1H-b enzimidazole difumarate (KG-2413), which has a potent H1-antihistaminic activity, were predicted on the basis of metabolic studies of related compounds and were synthesized to aid in identification of the actual metabolites and for examination of their antihistaminic activity. Among the twelve compounds prepared, nine compounds were actually found as the metabolites of KG-2413 in rat urine. The antihistaminic activities of these metabolites were found to be lower than that of KG-2413.
Time-Dependent Proteome Alterations under Osmotic Stress during Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2006)

Escherichia coli lives in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract anaerobically at high osmolarity as well as in the soil aerobically at varying osmolarities. Adaptation to these varying environmental conditions is crucial for growth and survival of E. coli. Two-dimensional protein gels were used to visualize global time-dependent changes (10 to 60 min) in the proteome of cells responding to osmotic stress (0.4 M NaCl or 0.7 M sorbitol) under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The protein profiles revealed an induction of 12 proteins (Dps, HchA, HdhA, InfB, OsmC, OsmY, ProX, KatE, PspA, TalA, TktB, and TreF) under osmotic stress in an aerobic milieu. Eleven additional proteins (OtsB, YceI, YciE, YciF, YgaU, YjbJ, AcnA, MetL, PoxB, Ssb, and YhbO) were induced by osmotic stress imposed by NaCl. Most of the accumulated proteins were cross-protecting proteins (e.g., OsmY, OsmC, Dps, and KatE) which are regulated at the transcriptional level predominantly by RpoS and other regulators (e.g., integration host factor, OxyR, H-NS, LRP, and FIS). Comparative analysis of the proteome of E. coli grown under aerobic or anaerobic conditions under osmotic stress (NaCl) revealed an overlap of the up-regulated proteins of more than 50%. Ten proteins (PoxB, AcnA, TalA, TktB, KatE, PspA, Ssb, TreF, MetL, and YhbO) were detectable only under aerobic, high-osmolality conditions. Time-dependent alterations of the proteome were monitored, allowing classification of the up-regulated proteins into early, middle, and long-term phases of adaptation. Only a few proteins were found to be down-regulated upon osmotic stress.
The Oxylipin Signal Jasmonic Acid Is Activated by an Enzyme That Conjugates It to Isoleucine in Arabidopsis[W] (2004)

Despite its importance in a variety of plant defense responses, our understanding of how jasmonic acid (JA) functions at the biochemical level is limited. Several amino acid conjugates of JA were tested for their ability to complement the JA-insensitive Arabidopsis thaliana mutant jar1-1. Unlike free JA, JA-Ile inhibited root growth in jar1-1 to the same extent as in the wild type, whereas JA-Val, JA-Leu, and JA-Phe were ineffective inhibitors in both genotypes. Thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of products produced in vitro by recombinant JAR1 demonstrated that this enzyme forms JA-amido conjugates with several amino acids, including JA-Ile. JA-Val, -Leu, -Ile, and -Phe were each quantified in Arabidopsis seedlings by GC-MS. JA-Ile was found at 29.6 pmole g(-1) fresh weight (FW) in the wild type but was more than sevenfold lower in two jar1 alleles. JA-Leu, -Val, and -Phe were present at only low levels in both genotypes. Expression of wild-type JAR1 in transgenic jar1-1 plants restored sensitivity to JA and elevated JA-Ile to the same level as in the wild type. The ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) conjugated to JA was also found in plant tissue at 18.4 pmole g(-1) FW. JA-ACC was determined not be an effective jasmonate root inhibitor, and surprisingly, was twofold higher in the mutants than in the wild type. This suggests that another JA-conjugating enzyme(s) is present in Arabidopsis. Synthesis of JA-ACC might provide a mechanism to coregulate the availability of JA and ACC for conversion to the active hormones JA-Ile and ethylene, respectively. We conclude that JAR1 is a JA-amino synthetase that is required to activate JA for optimal signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant hormone activation by conjugation to amino acids and the enzymes involved in their formation were previously unknown.
Synthesis of lipophilic 18-crown-6 diacids for the membrane transport of alkaline-earth cations (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of lipophilic 18-crown-6 diacids for the membrane transport of alkaline-earth cationsThomas M. Fyles, Cynthia A. McGavin, and Dennis M. WhitfieldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 5, 753–761Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00179a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00179a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views478Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical amplification in bismuth-doped silica glass (2003)

We demonstrated an amplification phenomenon in a bismuth-doped silica glass at 1.3 μm with 0.8-μm excitation. This luminescent material is a promising candidate for use as the core-fiber material of an optical amplifier at the natural zero-dispersion wavelength (1.3 μm) of silica glass fiber.
A Process Algebra-Based Detection Model for Multithreaded Programs in Communication System (2014)

Concurrent behaviors of multithreaded programs cannot be described effectively by automata-based models. Thus, concurrent program intrusion attempts cannot be detected. To address this problem, we proposed the process algebra-based detection model for multithreaded programs (PADMP). We generate process expressions by static binary code analysis. We then add concurrency operators to process expressions and propose a model construction algorithm based on process algebra. We also present a definition of process equivalence and behavior detection rules. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately detect errors in multithreaded programs and has linear space-time complexity. The proposed method provides effective support for concurrent behavior modeling and detection.
A NOVEL UNIVERSAL DEMODULATOR FOR REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE (1999)

Anovel universal demodulator for remote sensing satellite is proposed and realized in this paper. Compared with traditional multiple-function demodulator, thisdemodulator is much simpler mainly due to a new kind of filter and programmablebit synchronizer. This device has already been field tested with satisfactory result.
Cedecea davisae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Cedecea lapagei sp. nov., New Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical Specimens (1981)

We propose the name Cedecea gen. nov. for a group of organisms in the Enterobacteriaceae that were isolated from clinical sources in North America (the clinical significance of these organisms is unknown). This name was coined by two of us (P.A.D.G. and F.G.) from the letters CDC, the abbreviation for the Centers for Disease Control, where the organisms were originally discovered. Phenotypically, Cedecea resembles no other group of Enterobacteriaceae; the members of this genus are lipase positive, resistant to colistin and cephalothin, and negative for deoxyribonuclease, gelatin liquefaction, and utilization of L-arabinose and L-rhamnose. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness studies showed that Cedecea strains were 32 to 100% related to each other and less than 23% related to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. We found five deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization groups among 17 Cedecea strains, but three of these groups contained only 1 strain (strains 001, 002, and 012). Two deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization groups were named. Cedecea davisae sp. nov. (nine strains), the type species of the genus, fermented sucrose and D-xylose and was positive in the ornithine decarboxylase and ascorbate tests. C. davisae grew in a mineral salts medium with glucose as the carbon source only if the medium was supplemented with 0.1 μg of thiamine per ml. The type strain of C. davisae is strain 005 (= ATCC 33431 = CDC 3278-77 = CIP 80.34) Cedecea lapagei sp. nov. (five strains) did not ferment sucrose and D-xylose and was negative in the ornithine decarboxylase and ascorbate tests. This species grew on glucose as the role source of carbon and energy with no growth factor requirement. The type strain of C. lapagei is strain 004 (= ATCC 33432 = CDC 0485-76 = CIP 80.35). Within species, deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness was 80 to 100% at 60°C (S1 nuclease method), and C. davisae and C. lapagei were much more closely related to each other (32 to 52%) than to members of any other group within the family Enterobacteriaceae (1 to 21%).
Progressive proximal expansion of the primate X chromosome centromere (2005)

Previous studies of the pericentromeric region of the human X chromosome short arm (Xp) revealed an age gradient from ancient DNA that contains expressed genes to recent human-specific DNA at the functional centromere. We analyzed the finished sequence of this human genomic region to investigate its evolutionary history. Phylogenetic analysis of >1,500 alpha-satellite monomers from the region revealed the presence of five physical domains, each containing monomers from a distinct phylogenetic clade. The most distal domain contains long interspersed nucleotide element repeats that were active >35 million years ago, whereas the four proximal domains contain more recently active long interspersed nucleotide element repeats. An out-of-register, unequal recombination (i.e., crossover) detected at the edge of the X chromosome-specific alpha-satellite array (DXZ1) may reflect the most recent of a series of punctuating events during evolution that resulted in a proximal physical expansion of the X centromere. The first 18 kb of this array has 97-99% pairwise identity among all 2-kb repeat units. To perform more detailed evolutionary comparisons, we sequenced the junction between the ancient DNA of Xp and the primate-specific alpha satellite in chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, vervet, macaque, and baboon. The striking conservation found in all cases supports the ancestral nature of the alpha satellite at this location. These studies demonstrate that the primate X centromere appears to have evolved through repeated expansion events occurring within the central, active region of centromeric DNA, with the newly added sequences then conferring centromere function.
Strehl ratio simulation results under strong turbulence conditions for actively compensated free-space optical communication systems (2013)

Current Strehl ratio models for actively compensated free-space optical communications terminals do not accurately predict system performance under strong turbulence conditions as they are based on weak turbulence theory. For evaluation of compensated systems, we present an approach for simulating the Strehl ratio with both low-order (tip/tilt) and higher-order (adaptive optics) correction. Our simulation results are then compared to the published models and their range of turbulence validity is assessed. Finally, we propose a new Strehl ratio model that is valid for general turbulence conditions independent of the degree of compensation.
Inhibition of Corneal Neovascularization by Subconjunctival and Topical Bevacizumab and Sunitinib in a Rabbit Model (2013)

These results suggest that sunitinib is more effective than bevacizumab for the inhibition of CNV. Furthermore, topical administration of sunitinib yields better results than a subconjunctival injection of the same medication.
Carbonyl‐substituted naphthoquinones. Part I. Methyl ketones unsubstituted in the side chain (1947)

Abstract The preparation of a number of compounds, derived from, or related to 1,4‐naphthoquinone, containing a carbonyl group in a side chain is described.
Automated Identification of Postoperative Complications Within an Electronic Medical Record Using Natural Language Processing (2011)

Among patients undergoing inpatient surgical procedures at VA medical centers, natural language processing analysis of electronic medical records to identify postoperative complications had higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with patient safety indicators based on discharge coding.