gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis <i>RGA</i> Gene Encodes a Transcriptional Regulator Repressing the Gibberellin Signal Transduction Pathway (1998)

The recessive rga mutation is able to partially suppress phenotypic defects of the Arabidopsis gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic mutant ga1-3. Defects in stem elongation, flowering time, and leaf abaxial trichome initiation are suppressed by rga. This indicates that RGA is a negative regulator of the GA signal transduction pathway. We have identified 10 additional alleles of rga from a fast-neutron mutagenized ga1-3 population and used them to isolate the RGA gene by genomic subtraction. Our data suggest that RGA may be functioning as a transcriptional regulator. RGA was found to be a member of the VHIID regulatory family, which includes the radial root organizing gene SCARECROW and another GA signal transduction repressor, GAI. RGA and GAI proteins share a high degree of homology, but their N termini are more divergent. The presence of several structural features, including homopolymeric serine and threonine residues, a putative nuclear localization signal, leucine heptad repeats, and an LXXLL motif, indicates that the RGA protein may be a transcriptional regulator that represses the GA response. In support of the putative nuclear localization signal, we demonstrated that a transiently expressed green fluorescent protein-RGA fusion protein is localized to the nucleus in onion epidermal cells. Because the rga mutation abolished the high level of expression of the GA biosynthetic gene GA4 in the ga1-3 mutant background, we conclude that RGA may also play a role in controlling GA biosynthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM 6‐OXOISOPHORONE. IV. A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF (3RS,3′RS)‐, (3S,3′S)‐ AND (3R,3′R)‐9,9′‐DI‐CIS‐7,8,7′,8′‐TETRADEHYDROASTAXANTHIN (1982)

Abstract Die bekannten Eninketodiole (I) werden mit HBr in CH 2 Cl 2 zu den allylischen Bromiden umgesetzt, die ohne Isolierung mit PPh3 in die Phosphoniumsalze (II) übergeführt werden; letztere enthalten 10‐15% der Isomeren (III).
Oestrogen-binding protein in Candida albicans: antibody development and cellular localization by electron immunocytochemistry (1995)

Candida albicans, the most common fungal pathogen of humans, possesses an oestrogen (estrogen)-binding protein (EBP) that binds oestrogens with high affinity and specificity. The gene that encodes the EBP (CaEBP1) has been cloned and sequenced and shown to be structurally related to the old yellow enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we report the purification and the subcellular localization of the EBP from C. albicans. Using ion-exchange chromatography and an oestradiol affinity column, the EBP was purified from a strain of C. albicans (strain 422) which was selected because it constitutively expressed elevated levels of the binding protein. The purified protein displayed a subunit molecular mass of approximately 46 kDa when examined by denaturing gel electrophoresis, which is consistent with the size estimated from the sequence of the cloned CaEBP1 gene. An immunoaffinity column, prepared using a polyclonal antisera generated against EBP, depleted the oestrogen-binding activity from C. albicans cell extracts. Western blot analysis showed that the antisera specifically recognized the EBP from C. albicans. The antibodies also recognized the protein when the cloned CaEBP1 gene was expressed in S. cerevisiae and did not cross react with S. cerevisiae proteins. Using electron microscopy and antigen detection by immunogold staining, the EBP appeared to be primarily associated with vacuoles. However, when overexpressed in S. cerevisiae, the EBP was found diffusely throughout the cell. In conclusion, the EBP has been purified from C. albicans and antibodies generated against the protein were used to demonstrate that EBP is found associated with vacuoles in C. albicans.
Large flux-mediated coupling in hybrid electromechanical system with a transmon qubit (2021)

Abstract Control over the quantum states of a massive oscillator is important for several technological applications and to test the fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. Addition of an internal degree of freedom to the oscillator could be a valuable resource for such control. Recently, hybrid electromechanical systems using superconducting qubits, based on electric-charge mediated coupling, have been quite successful. Here, we show a hybrid device, consisting of a superconducting transmon qubit and a mechanical resonator coupled using the magnetic-flux. The coupling stems from the quantum-interference of the superconducting phase across the tunnel junctions. We demonstrate a vacuum electromechanical coupling rate up to 4 kHz by making the transmon qubit resonant with the readout cavity. Consequently, thermal-motion of the mechanical resonator is detected by driving the hybridized-mode with mean-occupancy well below one photon. By tuning qubit away from the cavity, electromechanical coupling can be enhanced to 40 kHz. In this limit, a small coherent drive on the mechanical resonator results in the splitting of qubit spectrum, and we observe interference signature arising from the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg effect. With improvements in qubit coherence, this system offers a platform to realize rich interactions and could potentially provide full control over the quantum motional states.
Asymmetric Modes and Associated Eigenvalues for Spherical Shells (1985)

Free asymmetric vibration of spherical shells with clamped and hinged boundary conditions are analyzed using the finite element method. Element stiffness and consistent mass matrices are derived using the improved shell theory, which takes into account the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia. Natural frequencies for a wide spectrum of shell geometry ranging from shallow cap to hemispherical shell have been computed and are found to be in close agreement with the available data in the literature.
Cross-Species Transcriptome Profiling Identifies New Alveolar Epithelial Type I Cell–Specific Genes (2016)

Diseases involving the distal lung alveolar epithelium include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung adenocarcinoma. Accurate labeling of specific cell types is critical for determining the contribution of each to the pathogenesis of these diseases. The distal lung alveolar epithelium is composed of two cell types, alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells. Although cell type-specific markers, most prominently surfactant protein C, have allowed detailed lineage tracing studies of AT2 cell differentiation and the cells' roles in disease, studies of AT1 cells have been hampered by a lack of genes with expression unique to AT1 cells. In this study, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of multiple rat organs together with purified rat AT2, AT1, and in vitro differentiated AT1-like cells, resulting in the identification of 54 candidate AT1 cell markers. Cross-referencing with genes up-regulated in human in vitro differentiated AT1-like cells narrowed the potential list to 18 candidate genes. Testing the top four candidate genes at RNA and protein levels revealed GRAM domain 2 (GRAMD2), a protein of unknown function, as highly specific to AT1 cells. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) confirmed that GRAMD2 is transcriptionally silent in human AT2 cells. Immunofluorescence verified that GRAMD2 expression is restricted to the plasma membrane of AT1 cells and is not expressed in bronchial epithelial cells, whereas reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed that it is not expressed in endothelial cells. Using GRAMD2 as a new AT1 cell-specific gene will enhance AT1 cell isolation, the investigation of alveolar epithelial cell differentiation potential, and the contribution of AT1 cells to distal lung diseases.
Sleep/wake detection based on cardiorespiratory signals and actigraphy (2010)

We investigated the potential of adding cardiac and respiratory activity information to actigraphy for sleep-wake staging. A dataset of 35 recordings with full polysomnography and actigraphy was used to assess the performance of an automated sleep/wake Bayesian classifier using electrocardiogram, inductance plethysmogram estimate of respiratory effort and actigraphy. The best performance was achieved with the linear discriminant model that provided an agreement of Cohen's kappa=0.62 for one of the configurations of the classifier, corresponding to an accuracy of 86.8%, a sensitivity of 66.9% and a specificity of 93.1%. It shows that combining different vital signs for a home sleep-wake staging system could be a promising approach.
Microchip HPLC of Peptides and Proteins (2005)

Rapid microchip reversed-phase HPLC of peptides and proteins at pressure gradients of 12 bar/cm (180 psi/cm) has been performed using a microdevice that integrates subnanoliter on-chip injection and separation with a miniaturized fluorescence detector. Proteins and peptides were separated on a C18 side-chain porous polymer monolith defined by contact lithography, and injection was achieved via a pressure-switchable fluoropolymer valve defined using projection lithography. Preliminary separations of peptide standards and protein mixtures were performed in 40-200 s, and switching between samples with no detectible sample carryover has been performed. The injections and separations were reproducible; the relative standard deviation (RSD) for retention time was 0.03%, and peak area RSD was 3.8%. Sample volumes ranging from 220 to 800 pL could be linearly metered by controlling the pressure injection pulse duration with conventional timing and valving. The current prototype system shows the potential for rapid and autonomous HPLC separations with varying modalities and the potential for direct connection to mass spectrometers at nanospray flow rates.
Photoinduced Proton Transfer in 2-(2′-Hydroxynaphthalenyl)benzoxazole: Observation of Fluorescence with a Small Stokes Shift Induced by Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (2009)

Abstract 2-(2′-Hydroxynaphthalenyl)benzoxazole (1) emits fluorescence with small Stokes shift from its excited tautomer (K*), produced by excited-state intramolecular proton transfer. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding may be responsible for this phenomenon on comparison with the results of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) and 2-(naphthalene-1-yl)benzoxazole (2) as a reference compound.
An Automatic Method for Finding the Greatest or Least Value of a Function (1960)

The greatest or least value of a function of several variables is to be found when the variables are restricted to a given region. A method is developed for dealing with this problem and is compared with possible alternatives. The method can be used on a digital computer, and is incorporated in a program for Mercury.
Botulism. The Organism, Its Toxins, The Disease. (1978)

Botulism:the organism,its toxin,the disease , Botulism:the organism,its toxin,the disease , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Resonator/Oscillator Response to Liquid Loading (1997)

The resonant frequency of a thickness-shear mode resonator operated in contact with a fluid was measured with a network analyzer and with an oscillator circuit. The network analyzer measures changes in the device's intrinsic resonant frequency, which varies linearly with (ρη)(1/2), where ρ and η are liquid density and viscosity, respectively. The resonator/oscillator combination, however, responds differently to liquid loading than the resonator alone. By applying the operating constraints of the oscillator to an equivalent-circuit model for the liquid-loaded resonator, the response of the resonator/oscillator pair can be determined. By properly tuning the resonator/oscillator pair, the dynamic range of the response can be extended and made more linear, closely tracking the response of the resonator alone. This allows the system to measure higher viscosity and higher density liquids with greater accuracy.
An Electronically Controlled Cam Phasing System (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A system was developed to control the intake valve timing of a twin cam engine. With this scheme the intake cam can be phased to any position within a 33 crank degree range. The phase angle of the cam is continuously updated by an electronic control unit to reflect changes in engine operating conditions. A control strategy was established which would optimize power at large throttle angles and minimize emissions at part throttle as well as provide a smooth idle condition. All of this is possible with no increase in fuel consumption. The system is inexpensive and requires no major engine casting modifications. It packages without adding to overall engine length.</div>
From Barley to Beer — As Seen under the Scanning Electron Microscope (1972)

(1972). From Barley to Beer — As Seen under the Scanning Electron Microscope. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 30, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1972, pp. 24-29.
Polysaccharides from fungi: A review on their extraction, purification, structural features, and biological activities (2022)

Fungi, as the unique natural resource, are rich in polysaccharides, proteins, fats, vitamins, and other components. Therefore, they have good medical and nutritional values. Polysaccharides are considered one of the most important bioactive components in fungi. Increasing researches have confirmed that fungal polysaccharides have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and radioprotective activities. Consequently, the research progresses and future prospects of fungal polysaccharides must be systematically reviewed to promote their better understanding. This paper reviewed the extraction, purification, structure, biological activity, and underlying molecular mechanisms of fungal polysaccharides. Moreover, the structure-activity relationships of fungal polysaccharides were emphasized and discussed. This review can provide scientific basis for the research and industrial utilization of fungal polysaccharides.
Effect of <i>a</i>-SiN<i>x</i>:H composition on band bending near the interface of <i>a</i>-Si:H/<i>a</i>-SiN<i>x</i>:H layered structures (1986)

The effect of band bending near the interface of a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H layered structures has been investigated for various a-SiNx:H compositions by measuring in-plane dark current and photocurrent. The dark current of a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H layered structures increases about four orders of magnitude and the activation energy decreases with a decrease in x of a-SiNx:H. The photocurrent also increases about four orders of magnitude with a decrease in x. This photocurrent enhancement is larger in the shorter wavelength region, and this spectral change agrees with the photocurrent spectral change induced by an increase in gate bias in thin-film transistor structures. From these results it is found that the band bending toward electron accumulation in a-Si:H near the a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H interface increases with a decrease in x of a-SiNx:H, resulting in high photoconductivity.
Snapback Induced Gate Dielectric Breakdown in Graded Junction MOS Structures (1984)

A new type of failure mode of the gate dielectric breakdown in an MOS transistor induced by the snapback phenomena is reported. Unlike a typical gate oxide breakdown which is caused by a voltage stress on the gate, this failure mode is caused by a source-drain bipolar current resulting from the snapback action. This failure mode results in a gate-to-drain short, and was found to require a minimum critical current, Idcrit, after the transistor goes in the snapback. The failure node is exhibited in the input protection structures used in an MOS circuit. The incidence of the failure mode increased with increasing grading of the source-drain junction. (i.e., the Idcrit decreased as the junction grading increased). The ESD breakdown of the inputs are also shown to be a direct result of this failure mode
Sketch-based image retrieval on mobile devices using compact hash bits (2012)

The advent of touch panels in mobile devices has provided a good platform for mobile sketch search. However, most of the previous sketch image retrieval systems usually adopt an inverted index structure on large-scale image database, which is formidable to be operated in the limited memory of mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address these challenges. First, we effectively utilize distance transform (DT) features to bridge the gap between query sketches and natural images. Then these high-dimensional DT features are further projected to more compact binary hash bits. The experimental results show that our method achieves very competitive retrieval performance with MindFinder approach [3] but only requires much less memory storage (e.g., our method only requires 3% of total memory storage of MindFinder in 2.1 million images). Due to its low consumption of memory, the whole system can independently operate on the mobile devices.
Seismic character mapping using multivariate statistical pattern integration (1993)

Large amounts of seismic data may make it humanly impossible to simultaneously synthesize meaningful patterns that exist in multiple seismic attributes. Multivariate statistical techniques offer a promising way of enabling the geoscientist to quickly analyze and integrate massive amounts of seismic information in order to highlight and map features of interest.
Hybrid overlay metrology with CDSEM in a BEOL patterning scheme (2015)

Overlay metrology accuracy is a major concern for our industry. Advanced logic process require more tighter overlay control for multipatterning schemes. TIS (Tool Induced Shift) and WIS (Wafer Induced Shift) are the main issues for IBO (Image Based Overlay) and DBO (Diffraction Based Overlay). Methods of compensation have been introduced, some are even very efficient to reduce these measured offsets. Another related question is about the overlay target designs. These targets are never fully representative of the design rules, strong efforts have been achieved, but the device cannot be completely duplicated. Ideally, we would like to measure in the device itself to verify the real overlay value. Top down CDSEM can measure critical dimensions of any structure, it is not dependent of specific target design. It can also measure the overlay errors but only in specific cases like LELE (Litho Etch Litho Etch) after final patterning. In this paper, we will revisit the capability of the CDSEM at final patterning by measuring overlay in dedicated targets as well as inside a logic and an SRAM design. In the dedicated overlay targets, we study the measurement differences between design rules gratings and relaxed pitch gratings. These relaxed pitch which are usually used in IBO or DBO targets. Beyond this "simple" LELE case, we will explore the capability of the CDSEM to measure overlay even if not at final patterning, at litho level. We will assess the hybridization of DBO and CDSEM for reference to optical tools after final patterning. We will show that these reference data can be used to validate the DBO overlay results (correctables and residual fingerprints).
Surface wrinkling and folding of core–shell soft cylinders (2011)

Constrained swelling or shrinkage of such soft materials as elastomers, polymeric hydrogels, and biological tissues can create various surface patterns through surface wrinkling and subsequent morphological evolution. Here we study, both theoretically and numerically, the swelling-driven surface wrinkling and pattern evolution of cylindrical elastomers with core–shell structure. The results demonstrate that the system may buckle into different morphologies under different geometric and material parameters. When the swelling of the shell or the shrinkage of the core reaches a threshold, the cylindrical surface will first buckle into a periodically buckling pattern. With further swelling/shrinkage, wrinkle-to-fold transition may occur, rendering a period-doubling surface topography. The energetic mechanisms underlying this process of wrinkling pattern evolution are analyzed. This study not only benefits the understanding of the morphogenesis in soft materials and tissues (e.g., tumors), but also opens a new avenue for the fabrication of multi-periodic or aperiodic patterns on curved surfaces through self-organization.
Unexpected Photoluminescence of Fluorinated Naphthalene Diimides (2015)

Two new amino core-substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDIs) bearing fluorinated side chains have been synthesised. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy reveals unprecedented optical properties for the cNDIs with high quantum yields of ∼0.8 and fluorescence lifetimes of ∼13 ns in a range of solvents. These properties are apparent at the level of single molecules, where the compounds also show exceptional photostability under pulsed-laser excitation. Photon emission is remarkably consistent with very few long timescale (millisecond or longer) interruptions with molecules regularly undergoing >10(7) cycles of excitation and emission. Intermittencies owing to triplet-state formation occur on a sub-millisecond timescale with a low yield of 1-2%, indicating that the presence of the fluorine atoms does not lead to a significant triplet yield through the heavy-atom effect. These properties make the compounds excellent candidates for single-molecule labelling applications.
Precise robot motions using dual motor control (2010)

High motion performance, stiffness, and accuracy are crucial for industrial robot applications, but these requirements are in practice contradictory. Using a novel type of robot, the so called Gantry Tau, new combinations of stiffness and accuracy are in principle possible, except for the backlash in the drive-trains of each joint. Existing techniques for backlash reduction are either mechanically complex or limit the mechanical bandwidth. This paper presents an approach based on dual motors connected in parallel to the load, such that the entire robot structure can be made practically backlash free by means of software and feedback control. Different control strategies are presented and evaluated in experiments ranging from a lab servo process via a table-sized robot to a large industrial implementation with several meters of working range. Special emphasis was on a dual motor test rig with a linear high-resolution scale (not yet used for feedback) where the combined motor torque was fully utilized for high acceleration, while reducing backlash by over 96%.
Configurable Security Protocols for Multi-party Data Analysis with Malicious Participants (2005)

Standard multi-party computation models assume semi-honest behavior, where the majority of participants implement protocols according to specification, an assumption not always plausible. In this paper we introduce a multi-party protocol for collaborative data analysis when participants are malicious and fail to follow specification. The protocol incorporates a semi-trusted third party, which analyzes encrypted data and provides honest responses that only intended recipients can successfully decrypt. The protocol incorporates data confidentiality by enabling participants to receive encrypted responses tailored to their own encrypted data submissions without revealing plaintext to other participants, including the third party. As opposed to previous models, trust need only be placed on a single participant with no data at stake. Additionally, the proposed protocol is configurable in a way that security features are controlled by independent subprotocols. Various combinations of subprotocols allow for a flexible security system, appropriate for a number of distributed data applications, such as secure list comparison.