gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substituted chromenes as potent, orally active 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors (1993)

A series of chromene derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and ex vivo 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitory activity. These compounds were prepared by condensation of appropriate salicyl aldehydes with alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, followed by transformation to the corresponding hydroxamic acids or N-hydroxyureas. Placement of phenoxy or p-fluorophenoxy substituents at the 6 position of the chromene ring led to a dramatic increase in the in vitro potency as demonstrated by the guinea pig PMN 5-LO assay. Chromene hydroxamic acids, in general, behaved poorly in the ex vivo dog model. On the other hand, replacement of the hydroxamic acid function with N-hydroxyurea yielded potent and long-lasting 5-LO inhibitors in the dog model. In most cases, the oral efficacy of the chromene N-hydroxyureas correlated very well with their in vitro activity. Compounds 43 (CGS 23885) and 55 (CGS 24891) are among the most potent inhibitors prepared, showing IC50 values of 48 and 51 nM, respectively. The values for the duration of action (DA) for compounds 43 and 55 are 21 and 20 h, respectively, following intravenous (i.v.) administration of 1.0 mg/kg. In the oral (po) experiments, 43 and 55 have DA's of 14 and 15 h, respectively, at a 1.0 mg/kg dose. In both iv and po experiments, 43 and 55 showed sustained maximal inhibition (> 95%) at earlier time points. The oral ED50 values of 43 and 55 in the ex vivo dog model are 0.23 and 0.23 mg/kg, respectively, at 6.0 h, and 2.37 and 1.63 mg/kg, respectively, at 24 h. Compound 43, which inhibits sheep seminal vesicle cyclooxygenase (CO) with an IC50 value of 36 microM, was shown to be a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor in the ex vivo study. These compounds compare favorably with zileuton (A-64077) in all the parameters examined.
A semi-blind MIMO adaptive e qualizer based on independent space constraint (2005)

This work presents a semi-blind independent space constrained flat channel equalization adaptive algorithm for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. The proposed equalization method consists of two stages, namely the training stage, where a short training signal is employed, and a blind adaptation stage, where a blind adaptive algorithm is used to ensure that the demixing matrix is always a nonsingular matrix. In the first stage of equalization, orthogonal signals are transmitted in each transmit antenna. At the receiver, the training signal is used to evaluate channel's state information (CSI), which is then projected to independent spaces. The blind stage of adaptation, which is based on the independent space constraint, has a relatively low computational complexity in comparison to other blind adaptive algorithms. Simulation results that have been provided verify that the algorithm is stable, after initialization using training signal.
FIB process for selective and clean etching copper in high aspect ratio holes (2010)

A new solution for etching copper over low-k dielectrics using FIB for circuit edit purposes is presented and compared to the existing two copper etch solutions. For the comparison, a copper line buried under several microns of dielectric and embedded in a low-k dielectric was exposed through a high aspect ratio hole and then cut using each solution and the results were compared in three categories: the over-etch into low-k at optimal cut conditions, sensitivity of the over-etch to the change of the cut conditions to more aggressive and the clarity of the endpointing of the cut.
Nonlinear stability of laboratory quasi-Keplerian flows (2014)

Experiments in a modified Taylor-Couette device, spanning Reynolds numbers of 10(5) to greater than 10(6), reveal the nonlinear stability of astrophysically relevant flows. Nearly ideal rotation, expected in the absence of axial boundaries, is achieved for a narrow range of operating parameters. Departures from optimal control parameters identify centrifugal instability of boundary layers as the primary source of turbulence observed in former experiments. By driving perturbations from a series of jets we demonstrate the robustly quiescent nature of quasi-Keplerian flows, indicating that sustained turbulence does not exist.
Predicting H.264 Packet Loss Visibility using a Generalized Linear Model (2006)

We consider modeling the visibility of individual and multiple packet losses in H.264 videos. We propose a model for predicting the visibility of multiple packet losses and demonstrate its performance on dual losses (two nearby packet losses). We extract the factors affecting visibility using a reduced-reference method. We predict the probability that a loss is visible using a generalized linear model. We achieve MSE values (between actual and predicted probabilities) of 0.0253 and 0.0398 for individual and dual losses respectively. We also examine the effect of various factors on visibility.
Copolymerization of styrene. IV. Copolymerization with esters of benzylidenecyanoacetic acid (1970)

Abstract Styrene was copolymerized in bulk with a number of esters of benzylidenecyanoacetic acid. The kinetic scheme of all pairs fitted the improved scheme of copolymerization, taking into account the effect of the penultimate unit. The Alfrey‐Price Q and e values were calculated. Using the modified Taft equation, log (1/ r 1 ) = ρ * σ * + δ E s , it was found that the relative reactivities of the ester monomers toward the polystyryl radical were correlated by the polar substituent constants σ * of the ester alkyl groups (ρ * = 0.14) and not by their steric substituent constants E s (δ = 0.008).
Polymer-capped fiber-optic Raman probe for non-invasive Raman spectroscopy (2011)

Advances in fiber optic probe design are moving Raman spectroscopy into the clinic, although there remain important practical problems. While much effort has been devoted to minimizing Raman and fluorescence background from fibers, less attention has been given to the need to generate reference Raman signals that can correct for variations in tissue albedo, which is important in quantifying changes in tissue composition. To address this shortcoming, we have developed a fiber optic probe that incorporates a fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP) cap at the end of each excitation fiber. Transmission of laser light through the transparent cap generates a 732 cm(-1) Raman band whose intensity scales linearly with the laser power delivered to the tissue of interest. In our first design, the FEP cap functions as a waveguide with only a small insertion loss (~5%). Laser transmission through 1 mm of the polymer is sufficient to generate a usable reference Raman signal. We show the application of the probe to quantitative non-invasive Raman spectroscopy of animal tissues using rat leg phantoms as models. Ex-vivo Raman spectroscopy of excised rat tibia supports the use of the probe for spectroscopy of various tissues. These results provide proof of principle that the Raman probe can be used in multiple spectroscopic applications.
The autonomy of ethics (1960)

(1960). The autonomy of ethics. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 199-206.
Monoclonal antibodies with exclusive reactivity against parathyroid cells and tubule cells of the kidney. (1987)

Four monoclonal anti-parathyroid antibodies were generated after immunization of mice with intact cells from human parathyroid tissue. All four monoclonal antibodies reacted in immunohistochemistry with structures present on parathyroid epithelial cells and proximal-tubule cells of the kidney but were unreactive with all other human tissues investigated. Immunofluorescence microscopy on suspended human parathyroid cells showed that the antibodies reacted with structures present on the cell surface. Two of these antibodies efficiently blocked the increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration of parathyroid cells that is normally associated with increased concentrations of extracellular calcium. The results indicate that these two antibodies interfere with a calcium-sensing mechanism of parathyroid cells--i.e., a potential calcium receptor by which extracellular calcium regulates cytoplasmic calcium and hormone release in these cells.
MRI-based microrobotic system for the propulsion and navigation of ferromagnetic microcapsules (2010)

This paper presents real-time MRI-based control of a ferromagnetic microcapsule for endovascular navigation. The concept was studied for future development of microdevices designed to perform minimally invasive interventions in remote sites accessible through the human cardiovascular system. A system software architecture is presented illustrating the different software modules to allow 3-D navigation of a microdevice in blood vessels, namely: (i) vessel path planner, (ii) magnetic gradient steering, (iii) tracking and (iv) closed-loop navigation control. First, the position recognition of the microrobot into the blood vessel is extracted using Frangi vesselness filtering from the pre-operation images (3-D MRI imaging). Then, a set of minimal trajectories is predefined, using path-planning algorithms, to guide the microrobot from the injection point to the tumor area through the anarchic vessel network. Based on the pre-computed path, a Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC) is proposed for robust time-multiplexed navigation along a two-dimensional (2D) path in presence of pulsative flow.
Cooperative Jamming for Secure UAV Communications With Partial Eavesdropper Information (2019)

The broadcast nature of air-to-ground line-of-sight (LoS) wireless channel imposes a great challenge in secure unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. To address this issue, this paper investigates UAV-ground communications from the physical-layer security perspective. Specifically, the investigated scenario includes a UAV serving as the base station (BS) that transmits confidential signals to a legitimate ground user, and there are multiple eavesdroppers on the ground with unknown position information. To further enhance the secrecy performance of the UAV-ground communications, an idle UAV can be employed to serve as a friendly jammer, which can transmit jamming signals to confuse the eavesdroppers. In our proposed strategy, the flying trajectory and the transmit power for both the UAVs are jointly optimized by maximizing the worst-case secrecy rate (WCSR) of the system. Considering the intractability of the formulated non-convex problem, we further provide a block coordinate descent-based iterative optimization method. Simulations verify that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve the average WCSR in comparison with the existing works.
Retinal Prosthetic Approaches to Enhance Visual Perception for Blind Patients (2020)

Retinal prostheses are implantable devices that aim to restore the vision of blind patients suffering from retinal degeneration, mainly by artificially stimulating the remaining retinal neurons. Some retinal prostheses have successfully reached the stage of clinical trials; however, these devices can only restore vision partially and remain insufficient to enable patients to conduct everyday life independently. The visual acuity of the artificial vision is limited by various factors from both engineering and physiological perspectives. To overcome those issues and further enhance the visual resolution of retinal prostheses, a variety of retinal prosthetic approaches have been proposed, based on optimization of the geometries of electrode arrays and stimulation pulse parameters. Other retinal stimulation modalities such as optics, ultrasound, and magnetics have also been utilized to address the limitations in conventional electrical stimulation. Although none of these approaches have been clinically proven to fully restore the function of a degenerated retina, the extensive efforts made in this field have demonstrated a series of encouraging findings for the next generation of retinal prostheses, and these could potentially enhance the visual acuity of retinal prostheses. In this article, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of retinal prosthetic strategies is provided, with a specific focus on a quantitative assessment of visual acuity results from various retinal stimulation technologies. The aim is to highlight future directions toward high-resolution retinal prostheses.
Delay estimation for CMOS functional cells (1991)

This paper presents a new RC tree network model for delay estimation of CMOS functional cells. The model is able to reflect topological changes within a cell, which is of particular interest when doing performance driven layout synthesis. Further, a set of algorithms to perform worst case analysis on arbitrary CMOS functional cells using the proposed delay model, is presented. Both model and algorithms have been implemented as a part of a cell compiler (CELLO) working in an experimental silicon compiler environment.
Utilizing a channel emulator with a reverberation chamber to create the optimal MIMO OTA test methodology (2010)

4G mobile wireless radio technologies are focused on delivering higher levels of throughput through the use of Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) technology. MIMO systems use multiple transmit and receive data paths to provide significant increases in data throughput by exploiting the characteristics of the radio channel. Thus, MIMO system performance is directly related to the propagation environment in which the device is operating. Full system test with all components in place, including the antennas, is critical to performance testing of MIMO transmissions. This paper will explore a new solution for over-the-air MIMO testing that combines a channel emulator with a reverberation chamber to achieve MIMO throughput performance testing and enable an accurate wireless device performance prediction.
BROAD-BAND LIGHT AMPLIFICATION IN ORGANIC DYES (1967)

Two organic dyes previously used as liquid lasers, DTTC and cryptocyanine, have been used as broad-band (&gt;300 Å) pulsed light amplifiers in the 7000–8500 Å range. If the input frequency is close to the frequencies of the usual laser oscillations, the latter are quenched and the energy transferred to the frequency being amplified.
Photochemical Reaction of Metal Carbonyls [M(CO)6(M = Cr,Mo,W)] with 2-acetyl-5- chlorothiophenemethanesulfonylhydrazone (2019)

The new complexes, [M(CO)5(msh4)] (Cr(1), Mo(2), W(3)), have been synthesized by the photochemical reaction of metal carbonyls with 2-acetyl-5-chlorothiophenemethanesulfonylhydrazone(msh4) .The structure of these complexes has been investigated by using elemental analyses; FT-IR; EI-MS and 1H NMR spectrometric methods. According to all spectroscopic data, msh4 is monodaentate and coordinate via thiophene ring sulfur.
<i>The</i>5ESS<i>Switching System</i>: Factory System Testing (1985)

This paper describes factory system testing for the 5ESS™ switch. Factory system testing is performed using standard maintenance and diagnostic features of the 5ESS switch. The design of the factory system testing process is based on the distributed architecture of the 5ESS switch and is described in this paper. The system-level requirements that each 5ESS switch must meet before shipment to the field are also discussed.
Angiogenesis and liver fibrosis (2015)

Recent data indicate that hepatic angiogenesis, regardless of the etiology, takes place in chronic liver diseases (CLDs) that are characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis. Because anti-angiogenic therapy has been found to be efficient in the prevention of fibrosis in experimental models of CLDs, it is suggested that blocking angiogenesis could be a promising therapeutic option in patients with advanced fibrosis. Consequently, efforts are being directed to revealing the mechanisms involved in angiogenesis during the progression of liver fibrosis. Literature evidences indicate that hepatic angiogenesis and fibrosis are closely related in both clinical and experimental conditions. Hypoxia is a major inducer of angiogenesis together with inflammation and hepatic stellate cells. These profibrogenic cells stand at the intersection between inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis and play also a pivotal role in angiogenesis. This review mainly focuses to give a clear view on the relevant features that communicate angiogenesis with progression of fibrosis in CLDs towards the-end point of cirrhosis that may be translated into future therapies. The pathogenesis of hepatic angiogenesis associated with portal hypertension, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease are also discussed to emphasize the various mechanisms involved in angiogenesis during liver fibrogenesis.
Perception of frequency lowered consonants (1980)

A new real-time frequency lowering system for use by persons with high-frequency hearing loss was evaluated. In this system speech levels in various high-frequency bands control the levels of low-frequency 13 octave bands of noise. These noise bands are added to unprocessed speech at a level that does not significantly mask normal low-frequency speech information. The lowered signal contains spectral and temporal information concerning speech cues at high frequencies. This signal is perceived as speech-like but perceptually distinct from low-pass filtered speech. Consonant discrimination and identification by normal hearing naive subjects was measured. Frequency lowered and unprocessed speech materials were low-pass filtered at 800 Hz and presented to subjects in a wide-band noise background (S/N = 20 dB), to simulate some of the characteristics of a sensorineural hearing loss. Performance of frequency lowering systems with different high- and low-frequency bands was evaluated. In preliminary experiments one configuration of the above system improved consonant discrimination and identification by roughly 10% correct. Most of this improvement was related to improved perception of acoustic cues for the duration and affrication features specified by Miller and Nicely. [Work supported by NIH.]
Effect of Copassivation of Cl and Cu on CdTe Grain Boundaries (2008)

Using a first-principles method, we investigate the structural and electronic properties of grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline CdTe and the effects of copassivation of elements with far distinct electronegativities. Of the two types of GBs studied in this Letter, we find that the Cd core is less harmful to the carrier transport, but is difficult to passivate with impurities such as Cl and Cu, whereas the Te core creates a high defect density below the conduction band minimum, but all these levels can be removed by copassivation of Cl and Cu. Our analysis indicates that for most polycrystalline systems copassivation or multipassivation is required to passivate the GBs.
Photoresponsive poly(methyl methacrylate)<sub>2</sub>–(polystyrene)<sub>2</sub> miktoarm star copolymer containing an azobenzene moiety at the core (2006)

Abstract We prepared a novel miktoarm star copolymer with an azobenzene unit at the core via combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and nitroxide‐mediated free radical polymerization (NMP) routes. For this purpose, first, mikto‐functional initiator, 3 , with tertiary bromide (for ATRP) and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxy (TEMPO) (for NMP) functionalities and an azobenzene moiety at the core was synthesized. The initiator 3 thus obtained was used in the subsequent living radical polymerization routes such as ATRP of MMA and NMP of St, respectively, to give A 2 B 2 type miktoarm star copolymer, (PMMA) 2 ‐(PSt) 2 with an azobenzene unit at the core with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity ( M w / M n < 1.15). The photoresponsive properties of 3 and (PMMA) 2 ‐(PSt) 2 miktoarm star copolymer were investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1396–1403, 2006
Purification and characterization of a sperm motility‐dynein ATPase inhibitor from boar seminal plasma (1992)

A sperm motility inhibitor from boar seminal plasma was purified. The purification procedure included dialysis against 0.1 M Tris-HCl containing 0.1 mM DTT and chromatographies on SP-Sephadex C-25 and Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B. With this procedure, the seminal plasma motility inhibitor (SPMI) preparation was highly purified with a 18% recovery of inhibitory activity. The molecular weight of SPMI in native conditions has been estimated at 50,000 by molecular sieving, but 3 polypeptides with molecular weights of 14,000, 16,000 and 18,000 were observed following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in denaturing conditions. SPMI is a thermolabile basic protein that is stable between pH 6 and pH 11. The observations that SPMI effects on motility of demembranated spermatozoa are reversed by Mg.ATP and that SPMI inhibited bull dynein ATPase in a concentration-dependent manner suggest that this protein blocks the motility of demembranated spermatozoa by interfering with dynein arm function.
Identification of corticosteroid‐responsive genes in rat hippocampus using serial analysis of gene expression (2001)

Adrenal corticosteroids (CORT) have a profound effect on the function of the hippocampus. This is mediated in a coordinated manner by mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) via activation or repression of target genes. The aim of this study was to identify, using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), CORT-responsive hippocampal genes regulated via MR and/or GR. SAGE profiles were compared under different conditions of CORT exposure, resulting in the identification of 203 CORT-responsive genes that are involved in many different cellular processes like, energy expenditure and cellular metabolism; protein synthesis and turnover; signal transduction and neuronal connectivity and neurotransmission. Besides some previously identified CORT-responsive genes, the majority of the genes identified in this study were novel. In situ hybridization revealed that six randomly chosen CORT-responsive genes had distinct expression patterns in neurons of the hippocampus. In addition, using in situ hybridization, we confirmed that these six genes were indeed regulated by CORT, underscoring the validity of the SAGE data. Comparison of MR- and GR-dependent expression profiles revealed that the majority of the CORT-responsive genes were regulated either by activated MR or by activated GR, while only a few genes were responsive to both activated MR and GR. This indicates that the molecular basis for the differential effects of activated MR and GR is activation or repression of distinct, yet partially overlapping sets of genes. The putative CORT-responsive genes identified here will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential and sometimes opposing effects of MR and GR on neuronal excitability, memory formation and behaviour as well as their role in neuronal protection and damage.
Multi-Stage Malicious Click Detection on Large Scale Web Advertising Data. (2013)

The healthy development of the Internet largely depends on the online advertisement which provides the financial support to the Internet. Click fraud, however, poses serious threat to the Internet ecosystem. It not only brings harm to the advertisers, but also damages the mutual trust between advertiser and ad agency. Click fraud prediction is a typical big data application in that we normally need to identify the malicious clicks from massive click logs, therefore e cient detection methods in big data framework are much desired to combat this fraudulent behavior. In this paper, we propose a three-stage filtering system to attack click fraud. The serialized filters e↵ectively detect the malicious clicks with decreasing confidence that can satisfy both advertisers and content providers. 1.