gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflections on Community Housing in Australia (1997)

This paper examines the limited extent to which community housing has developed in Australia, with particular reference to the Community Housing Program. The significance of community housing is assessed in the context of changing federal housing policies. The move away from construction subsidies towards rent allowances implies that the modest growth of community housing to date is not likely to be accelerated without significant additional funding.
Formation and Solid-State Characterization of a Salt-Induced Metastable Polymorph of Flufenamic Acid (2008)

Using additives is one of more recent and special methods to obtain a desirable polymorph. However, for pharmaceuticals, additives are usually limited to structurally related organic compounds. In this study, we have shown the potential of using a salt additive to induce crystallization of the metastable polymorph V of flufenamic acid (FFA). Additionally, it was found that FFA V undergoes a rapid interface mediated polymorphic transformation. Therefore, the slow evaporation method which can decrease the contact of the solvent during crystallization was chosen to delay the polymorphic transformation. It can be concluded that understanding the system is a prerequisite for using additives to obtain the desired polymorph.
Rescue Therapies for Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure (2010)

The recent H1N1 epidemic has resulted in a large number of deaths, primarily from acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We reviewed the current strategies to rescue patients with severe hypoxemia. Included in these strategies are high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, airway pressure release ventilation, inhaled vasodilators, and the use of extracorporeal life support. All of these strategies are targeted at improving oxygenation, but improved oxygenation alone has yet to be demonstrated to correlate with improved survival. The risks and benefits of these strategies, including cost-effectiveness data, are discussed.
Social isolation attenuates rat forebrain 5-HT release induced by KCl stimulation and exposure to a novel environment (1993)

The technique of microdialysis was employed to investigate in vivo 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release in isolation-reared rats compared with socially reared rats. Two methods were employed to stimulate 5-HT release: local KCI injection into the frontal cortex of chloral hydrate anaesthetized rats, and the exposure of freely moving rats to a novel environment (the elevated x-maze). Microdialysis probes were implanted into the frontal cortex in the case of KCI stimulation and the ventral hippocampus in the case of exposure to the novel environment, and perfused with artificial CSF (1µl/min). Dialysis samples were collected every 20min and analysed for 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Both KCI injection (1µl, 100mM) and a 20min period on the elevated x-maze produced a significant increase in extracellular 5-HT in the socially reared rats. Neither the increase in extracellular 5-HT induced by KCI nor the increase on exposure to the elevated x-maze were observed in the isolation-reared rats. Dialysate 5-HIAA was not affected in socially reared or isolation-reared rats, in either protocol. These results suggest that isolation-reared rats have a reduced presynaptic neuronal function to release 5-HT.
The work of the research interviewer: Are there slippages in the normative practices? (2001)

Patent vertical vein following TAPVC repair results in features of pre-tricuspid shunt. Transcatheter closure of the patent vein is feasible.
Morphology development during shearing of poly(ethylene oxide) melts (1976)

A parallel glass-plate rotary shearing device has been constructed. This device allows direct observation of the crystallization of polymeric melts being subjected to a constant rate of shear under controlled temperature conditions. Polarized light microscopy and small-angle light-scattering techniques were employed to study the kinetics and morphology of poly(ethylene oxide) melts as they crystallized under various combinations of supercooling and shear rate. The techniques of epimicroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle x-ray diffraction were used to study the already crystallized material. Crystalline aggregates developing from sheared melts showed a sheaf-like lamellar morphology. The long axes of the sheaf-like structures oriented perpendicular to the flow direction when crystallized under shear. This behavior can be explained in terms of hydrodynamic theory.
Observing force-regulated conformational changes and ligand dissociation from a single integrin on cells (2012)

As adhesion molecules, integrins connect a cell to its environment and transduce signals across the membrane. Their different functional states correspond to distinct conformations. Using a biomembrane force probe, we observed real-time reversible switches between bent and extended conformations of a single integrin, α(L)β(2), on the surface of a living cell by measuring its nanometer-scale headpiece displacements, bending and unbending frequencies, and molecular stiffness changes. We determined the stabilities of these conformations, their dynamic equilibrium, speeds and rates of conformational changes, and the impact of divalent cations and tensile forces. We quantified how initial and subsequent conformations of α(L)β(2) regulate the force-dependent kinetics of dissociation from intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Our findings provide new insights into how integrins function as nanomachines to precisely control cell adhesion and signaling.
Active Silicon Interposer Design for Interposer-Level Wireless Power Transfer Technology for High-Density 2.5-D and 3-D ICs (2016)

In this paper, we first propose and demonstrate an interposer-level wireless power transfer (WPT) scheme to reduce the number of wired power supply interconnections for high-density silicon interposer-based 2.5-D and 3-D integrated circuits (2.5-D and 3-D ICs). We first suggest the concept of an active silicon interposer, fabricate it with active circuits for WPT, and finally proved its WPT operation. The active circuits are the rectifier and dc-dc converter designed with 0.18-μm SK-Hynix CMOS process to convert wirelessly delivered ac power from a printed circuit board (PCB) package into dc power. We improved the power transfer efficiency by applying magnetic field resonance coupling with proper coil structure selection. The equivalent circuit model of the WPT interconnection scheme is suggested with analytic equations. For experimental demonstration, the fabricated active silicon interposer is attached on PCB package. The average dc output voltage of the designed CMOS rectifier with an MIM smoothing capacitor was measured 2.21 V, and that of the designed dc-dc converter was measured 1 V, which is a suitable voltage level for 1 V devices in 2.5-D and 3-D ICs.
Improving Performance Isolation on Chip Multiprocessors via an Operating System Scheduler (2007)

We describe a new operating system scheduling algorithm that improves performance isolation on chip multiprocessors (CMP). Poor performance isolation occurs when an application's performance is determined by the behaviour of its co-runners, i.e., other applications simultaneously running with it. This performance dependency is caused by unfair, co- runner-dependent cache allocation on CMPs. Poor performance isolation interferes with the operating system 's control over priority enforcement and hinders QoS provisioning. Previous solutions required modifications to the hardware. We present a new software solution. Our cache-fair algorithm ensures that the application runs as quickly as it would under fair cache allocation, regardless of how the cache is actually allocated. If the thread executes fewer instructions per cycle than it would under fair cache allocation, the scheduler increases that thread's CPU time slice. This way, the thread's overall performance does not suffer because it is allowed to use the CPU longer. We describe our implementation of the algorithm in Solaristrade 10, and show that it significantly improves performance isolation for SPEC CPU, SPEC JBB and TPC-C.
Long-range chromosomal interactions and gene regulation (2008)

Over the last few years important new insights into the process of long-range gene regulation have been obtained. Gene regulatory elements are found to engage in direct physical interactions with distant target genes and with loci on other chromosomes to modulate transcription. An overview of recently discovered long-range chromosomal interactions is presented, and a network approach is proposed to unravel gene-element relationships. Gene expression is controlled by regulatory elements that can be located far away along the chromosome or in some cases even on other chromosomes. Genes and regulatory elements physically associate with each other resulting in complex genome-wide networks of chromosomal interactions. Here we describe several well-characterized cases of long-range interactions involved in the activation and repression of transcription. We speculate on how these interactions may affect gene expression and outline possible mechanisms that may facilitate encounters between distant elements. Finally, we propose that a genome-wide network analysis may provide new insights into the logic of long-range gene regulation.
Markers for Characterization of Bone Marrow Multipotential Stromal Cells (2012)

Given the observed efficacy of culture-expanded multipotential stromal cells, also termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in the treatment of graft-versus host and cardiac disease, it remains surprising that purity and potency characterization of manufactured cell batches remains rather basic. In this paper, we will initially discuss surface and molecular markers that were proposed to serve as the indicators of the MSC potency, in terms of their proliferative potential or the ability to differentiate into desired lineages. The second part of this paper will be dedicated to a critical discussion of surface markers of uncultured (i.e., native) bone marrow (BM) MSCs. Although no formal consensus has yet been reached on which markers may be best suited for prospective BM MSC isolation, markers that cross-react with MSCs of animal models (such as CD271 and W8-B2/MSCA-1) may have the strongest translational value. Whereas small animal models are needed to discover the in vivo function on these markers, large animal models are required for safety and efficacy testing of isolated MSCs, particularly in the field of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
Critical Torque for Kink Formation in Double-Stranded DNA (2011)

Bend a nanorod that is a short DNA molecule by its two ends, does it bend smoothly, or does it develop a sharp kink? Many molecular biologists and biophysicists love to know the answer. A biophysics group at UCLA devises and performs a clever experiment to find out.
Compensatory mechanisms enhance hippocampal acetylcholine release in transgenic mice expressing human acetylcholinesterase (2001)

Central cholinergic neurotransmission was studied in learning-impaired transgenic mice expressing human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE-Tg). Total catalytic activity of AChE was approximately twofold higher in synaptosomes from hippocampus, striatum and cortex of hAChE-Tg mice as compared with controls (FVB/N mice). Extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the hippocampus, monitored by microdialysis in the absence or presence of 10(-8)-10(-3) M neostigmine in the perfusion fluid, were indistinguishable in freely moving control and hAChE-Tg mice. Muscarinic receptor functions were unchanged as indicated by similar effects of scopolamine on ACh release and of carbachol on inositol phosphate formation. However, when the mice were anaesthetized with halothane (0.8 vol. %), hippocampal ACh reached significantly lower levels in AChE-Tg mice as compared with controls. Also, the high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) in hippocampal synaptosomes from awake hAChE-Tg mice was accelerated but was reduced by halothane anaesthesia. Moreover, hAChE-Tg mice displayed increased motor activity in novel but not in familiar environment and presented reduced anxiety in the elevated plus-maze test. Systemic application of a low dose of physostigmine (100 microgram/kg i.p.) normalized all of the enhanced parameters in hAChE-Tg mice: spontaneous motor activity, hippocampal ACh efflux and hippocampal HACU, attributing these parameters to the hypocholinergic state due to excessive AChE activity. We conclude that, in hAChE-Tg mice, hippocampal ACh release is up-regulated in response to external stimuli thereby facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission. Such compensatory phenomena most likely play important roles in counteracting functional deficits in mammals with central cholinergic dysfunctions.
Three-Dimensional Rotational X-ray Imaging for Spine Surgery (2005)

The reconstructed midsagittal images were accurate in all measured parameters. The three-dimensional rotational x-ray technique may prove to be valuable for less invasive spine surgery.
Activation of the transforming potential of p60c-src by a single amino acid change. (1986)

Previous work showed that overexpression of the cellular src (c-src) gene does not cause transformation of chicken cells in culture. However, viral stocks isolated from cells transfected with Rous sarcoma virus DNA containing the c-src gene in place of the viral src gene did occasionally produce foci. Virus obtained from these foci were highly transforming and appeared to arise via spontaneous mutation in the c-src-containing viral populations. The p60 proteins of the transforming mutant src viruses were found to have higher levels of in vitro tyrosine kinase activity than the levels observed with the parental viruses. In this study, we have molecularly cloned the src DNA sequences of two transforming mutant src viruses. When compared to the DNA sequence of the parental c-src viruses, the mutant viruses contain single point mutations that result in single amino acid changes in the src gene products (p60 proteins). Both amino acid changes reside in the tyrosine kinase domain of the protein. The mutation detected in one virus involves replacement of the normal Glu-378 in p60c-src by Gly, whereas the p60 of the other transforming virus has Phe instead of the normal Ile-441. Our data indicate that when p60c-src is expressed at elevated levels in a retroviral context, a single amino acid change in its primary sequence can activate the kinase activity of this protein and cause cellular transformation.
Modeling of Asphalt Concrete (2007)

Contributors Chapter 1. Modeling of Asphalt Concrete Part 1: Asphalt Rheology Chapter 2. Modeling of Asphalt Binder Rheology and Its Application to Modified Binders Part 2: Stiffness Characterization Chapter 3. Comprehensive Overview of the Stiffness Characterization of Asphalt Concrete Chapter 4. Complex Modulus Characterization of Asphalt Concrete Chapter 5. Complex Modulus from the Indirect Tension Test Chapter 6. Interrelationships among Asphalt Concrete Stiffnesses Part 3: Constitutive Models Chapter 7. VEPCD Modeling of Asphalt Concrete with Growing Damage Chapter 8. Unified Disturbed State Constitutive Modeling of Asphalt Concrete Chapter 9. DBN Law for the Thermo-Visco-Elasto-Plastic Behavior of Asphalt Concrete Part 4: Models for Rutting Chapter 10. Rutting Characterization of Asphalt Concrete Using Simple Shear Tests Chapter 11. Permanent Deformation Assessment for Asphalt Concrete Pavement and Mixture Design Part 5: Models for Fatigue Cracking and Moisture Damage Chapter 12. Micromechanics Modeling of Performance of Asphalt Concrete Based on Surface Energy Chapter 13. Field Evaluation of Moisture Damage in Asphalt Concrete Part 6: Models for Low-Temperature Cracking Chapter 14. Prediction of Thermal Cracking with TCMODEL Chapter 15. Low-Temperature Fracture in Asphalt Binders, Mastics, and Mixtures Index
Effect of mesh distortion on the accuracy of high order vorticity-velocity CFD approaches (2011)

The numerical solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations offers an alternative to experimental analysis of fluid-structure interaction (FSI). We would save a lot of time and effort and help cut back on costs, if we are able to accurately model systems by these numerical solutions. These advantages are even more obvious when considering huge structures like bridges, high rise buildings or even wind turbine blades with diameters as large as 200 meters. The modeling of such processes, however, involves complex multiphysics problems along with complex geometries. This thesis focuses on a novel vorticity-velocity formulation called the Kinematic Laplacian Equation (KLE) to solve the incompressible Navier-stokes equations for such FSI problems. This scheme allows for the implementation of robust adaptive ordinary differential equations (ODE) time integration schemes, allowing us to tackle each problem as a separate module. The current algortihm for the KLE uses an unstructured quadrilateral mesh, formed by dividing each triangle of an unstructured triangular mesh into three quadrilaterals for spatial discretization. This research deals with determining a suitable measure of mesh quality based on the physics of the problems being tackled. This is followed by exploring methods to improve the quality of quadrilateral elements obtained from the triangles and thereby improving the overall mesh quality. A series of numerical experiments were designed and conducted for this purpose and the results obtained were tested on different geometries with varying degrees of mesh density.
Combining Cepstral and Prosodic Features in Language Identification (2006)

A novel approach of combining cepstral features and prosodic features in language identification is presented in this paper. This combination approach shows a significant improvement on a GMM-UBM based language identification (LID) system which utilizes modern shifted delta cepstrum (SDC) and feature warping techniques. The proposed system achieves a high accuracy of 87.1% on a 10-language task, and outperforms the baseline system by 12%. The prosodic features are proven to be very effective in both tonal and non-tonal LID, as they deliver new language-discrimination information in addition to those from widely used cepstral features. Additionally, the performance of MFCC and PLP features with different coefficient numbers in language identification tasks are researched and compared. Less number of coefficients is more likely to be sufficient or even better for language identification
Genes of succinyl‐CoA ligase from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1998)

Succinyl-CoA ligase (succinyl-CoA synthetase) catalyzes the nucleotide-dependent conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate. This enzyme functions in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and is also involved in ketone-body breakdown in animals. The enzyme is composed of alpha and beta subunits that are required for catalytic activity. Two genes, LSC1 (YOR142W) and LSC2 (YGR244C), with high similarity to succinyl-CoA ligase subunits from other species were isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The expression of these genes was repressed by growth on glucose and was induced threefold to sixfold during growth on nonfermentable carbon sources. The LSC genes were deleted singly and in combination. Unlike other yeast strains with defects in TCA cycle genes, strains lacking either or both LSC genes were able to grow with acetate as a carbon source. However, growth on glycerol or pyruvate was impaired. An antiserum against both subunits of the Escherichia coli enzyme was capable of recognizing the yeast succinyl-CoA ligase alpha subunit, and this band was absent in delta lsc1 deletion strains. Succinyl-CoA ligase activity was absent in mitochondria isolated from strains deleted for one or both LSC genes, but activity was restored by the presence of the appropriate LSC gene on a plasmid. The yeast succinyl-CoA ligase was shown to utilize ATP but not GTP for succinyl-CoA synthesis.
<title>Diode-pumped femtosecond solid state lasers based on semiconductor saturable absorbers</title> (1996)

`Real-world' applications of femtosecond pulses require laser sources that are reliable, compact, and easy-to-use. Diode-pumped lasers are one key step in this direction, and as a next key step we have developed and demonstrated a simple technique using semiconductor saturable absorbers to passively start and stabilize mode-locked lasers. Because the saturable absorber stabilizes soliton modelocking, we achieve self-starting modelocking over a wide cavity stability range, in contrast to KLM, which tends to require critical cavity alignment and is usually not self-starting. We discuss different saturable absorber designs. An A-FPSA is used in a diode-pumped Nd:glass laser (130 fs, 100 mW avg output power) and a Cr:LiSAF laser (45 fs, 80 mW output). A thin saturable absorber design provides self-starting mode- locking over a wavelength range of 30 nm, and a low-loss design supports a record mode- locked output power of 120 mW from a Cr:LiSAF laser. A dispersive saturable absorber mirror design combines both negative dispersion compensation and saturable absorption within one semiconductor device and produces a compact mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser (160 fs, 25 mW) without the need of prisms for dispersion compensation. Finally, we present an optimized diode-pumped cavity layout for Cr:LiSAF which allows for higher output powers (> 1 W cw).
Victory (2005)

When Mrs Thatcher heard of the beginning of the fighting at Goose Green she remarked, 'Now that the battle has started on land, there will be an international demand for a ceasefire, which may include some of the countries that have hitherto supported us'. She added that the Commander-in-Chief should be told that 'I can hold the political arena. There will be no political meddling in the conduct of the war. It is up to him to conduct operations as he thinks best', though, she added in an important afterthought, 'I would be grateful if he does not delay things longer than necessary'. [56, 17 Jan. 2002] The Prime Minister's instinct was right: for there were many and good reasons, in the minds of the states and institutions observing the conflict why compromise might yet be tried again. Alexander Haig was anxious that Britain should not humiliate Argentina. The United States suffered strong criticism from the Organisation of American States. A meeting was called to consider the imposition of hemispheric sanctions on 27 May, and the United States had to use its influence to prevent the imposition of mandatory sanctions; but it did not vote against a resolution, which was passed by 17 votes to nil (with four abstentions) two days later, which condemned the 'unjustified and disproportionate armed attack perpetrated by the United Kingdom' on the Falkland Islands, and called for the United States to halt aid to Britain, and to lift its own sanctions against Argentina.KeywordsLanding ShipLand ForceMilitary VictoryArmy Medical CorpsBritish ForceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.