gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coating alginate beads with cross-linked biopolymers: A novel method based on a transacylation reaction (1996)

Stable membranes were formed around alginate beads using a transacylation reaction between polysaccharidic esters, namely propylene glycol alginate (PGA) or pectin, and various proteins (human serum albumin (HSA), ovalbumin, bovine hemoglobin, lactoserum proteins). In a standard procedure, two reagents (PGA or pectin+protein) were added to a Na-alginate solution: beads were formed by dropwise addition into a calcium solution. Then the transacylation reaction was started by alkalinization of the bead suspension. A membrane was formed around the beads, made of a protein directly bound to a polysaccharide through amide linkages. The thickness of the membranes and the lysis time in trypsin were increased by raising the amount of NaOH used for the transacylation step. In a modified procedure, coated beads were obtained, incorporating PGA in the initial Na-alginate solution, and HSA in the transacylation bath. Activated charcoal was encapsulated in HSA-PGA beads, giving particles with adsorption properties towards creatinine. Assays were performed using PGA associated with alkaline phosphatase as the membrane-forming protein. Stable beads were obtained having a relative activity of 39.3%, as compared with free enzyme.
Protective Alterations in Phase 1 and 2 Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 by Oltipraz in Residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China (1999)

Intermittent, high-dose oltipraz inhibited phase 1 activation of aflatoxins, and sustained low-dose oltipraz increased phase 2 conjugation of aflatoxin, yielding higher levels of aflatoxin-mercapturic acid. While both mechanisms can contribute to protection, this study highlights the feasibility of inducing phase 2 enzymes as a chemopreventive strategy in humans.
High-Performance Glasses (1991)

Part 1 High-performance glasses, M. Cable: characteristic properties of glasses natural glasses the evolution of man-made glasses the development of glass technology the relation between glass composition and properties glass melting modern applications of glasses. Part 2 Glass formation from gels, I. Strawbridge and P.F. James: reaction chemistry of the sol-gel process applications conclusions. Part 3 Oxynitride glasses, D.P. Thompson: representation nitrogen incorporation characterization structure properties carbon-containing glasses nitrogen glass ceramics applications. Part 4 Coatings on glass, B.J. Kirkbride and G. Williams: deposition methods strength improvement and abrasion resistance coatings for optical systems architectural coatings automotive coatings transparent conducting coatings thin-film devices. Part 5 Glasses for flat-panel displays, W.H. Dumbaugh et al: the role of sodium sheet-forming processes glass compositions rationale for flat-panel display substrate requirements advanced technologies for flat-panel displays. Part 6 Glass ceramics, P.F. James and R.W. Jones: the formation of glass ceramics applications of glass ceramics. Part 7 Electrical glasses - ionically conducting systems, M.D. Ingram: conductivity-composition trends theoretical models for ionic conduction glassy electrolytes in advanced batteries anionic conductivity the mixed mobile-ion effect dielectric properties the glass electrode. Part 8 The bioactivity of glasses, K.H. Karlsson: bone formation silicon in tissues bioactive glasses bioactive glass ceramics materials for prostheses glossary. Part 9 Slow-release glasses, P. Knott: slow-release phosphate-glass system. Part 10 Controlling the durability of nuclear-waste glass, M.J. Plodinec: objective of waste vitrification parameters affecting glass durability vitrification processes glass formulation control of glass composition for durability glass performance in the repository the future. Part 11 Non-linear glasses, B.J. Ainslie: origin of non-linearity highly non-linear glasses semiconductor-doped glasses waveguides and device structures future prospects. Part 12 Advanced optical components, L. Ross: fundamentals of gradient-index glasses methods of producing refractive-index gradients in glasses optical elements based on GRIN structures. Part 13 Infra-red-transmitting optical fibres, J.M. Parker and A.B. Seddon: oxide-based systems chalcogenide and chalcohalide glasses halide glasses hollow-core fibres applications. Part 14 Photo-induced changes in chalcogenide glasses and their applications, P.J.S. Ewen and A.E. Owen: the classification of photo-induced effects in chalcogenide glasses reversible photo-induced effects applications of light-induced effects in chalcogenide glasses.
Enhancing the Brightness of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Based Green Light-Emitting Devices through the Interface Engineering with Perfluorinated Ionomer (2016)

High photoluminescence quantum yield, easily tuned emission colors, and high color purity of perovskite nanocrystals make this class of material attractive for light source or display applications. Here, green light-emitting devices (LEDs) were fabricated using inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals as emitters. By introducing a thin film of perfluorinated ionomer (PFI) sandwiched between the hole transporting layer and perovskite emissive layer, the device hole injection efficiency has been significantly enhanced. At the same time, PFI layer suppressed charging of the perovskite nanocrystal emitters thus preserving their superior emissive properties, which led to the three-fold increase in peak brightness reaching 1377 cd m(-2). The full width at half-maximum of the symmetric emission peak with color coordinates of (0.09, 0.76) was 18 nm, the narrowest value among perovskite based green LEDs.
Ultrasound Tunneling through 3D Phononic Crystals (2002)

We report the study of ultrasound tunneling in 3D phononic crystals, consisting of fcc arrays of close-packed tungsten carbide beads in water. The transmission coefficient, phase velocity, and group velocity were measured along the [111] direction, allowing us to systematically investigate the tunneling of ultrasound at frequencies in the lowest band gap. Our experimental data are interpreted using multiple scattering theory, which provides a good explanation of our results. The effect of absorption and the difference between the tunneling of classical waves and quantum waves are discussed.
PHIL implementation of a MVDC fault management test bed for ship power systems based on megawatt-scale modular multilevel converters (2015)

Fault management in a shipboard, medium voltage dc (MVDC) integrated power system (IPS) is a ship-wide function requiring a rapid and highly-coordinated response of several different protection strategies. This paper describes the design and implementation of a MVDC fault management test bed at FSU-CAPS that is capable of demonstrating the relative performance of candidate MVDC protection techniques, both individually, and coordinated with other elements of the overall IPS protection system. The test bed described employs power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) interfaces with a Real-time Digital Simulator (RTDS) model of a MVDC IPS. The hardware portion of the PHIL test setup consists of four, megawatt-scale, full-bridge, modular multi-level converters (MMCs) and a scaled version of a full-size MVDC ring bus for Naval surface combatants. This paper discusses the issues associated with implementing the lengthy cable runs of the scaled ring bus in FSU-CAPS' MVDC test building. It also explores application of the test bed to demonstrate the protection system response of several dc fault management methodologies.
Inorganic pyrophosphate generation from adenosine triphosphate by cell-free human synovial fluid. (1996)

PPi is the major product of extracellular ATP catabolism in most SF. Hydrolysis rates were significantly faster in SF containing CPPD crystals. Mean PPi production by these fluids at simulated in vivo steady state levels was 6-fold that of OA SF (p < 0.01). Hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by ectonucleotide pyrophosphohydrolases can account for all PPi produced by joint issues previously estimated from [32P] PPi pool and turnover studies in human knee joints.
Biochemical and Biophysical Analyses of Recombinant Forms of Human Topoisomerase I (1996)

Amino acid sequence comparisons of human topoisomerase I (Topo I) with seven other cellular Topo I enzymes reveal that the enzyme can be divided into four major domains: the unconserved NH2-terminal domain (24 kDa), the conserved core domain (54 kDa), a poorly conserved linker region (5 kDa), and the highly conserved COOH-terminal domain (8 kDa), which contains the active site tyrosine. To investigate this predicted domain organization, recombinant baculoviruses were engineered to express the 91-kDa full-length enzyme, a 70-kDa NH2-terminally truncated enzyme that is missing the first 174 residues, and a 58-kDa NH2- and COOH-terminally truncated core fragment encompassing residues 175-659. The specific activity of the full-length and Topo70 enzymes are indistinguishable from the native human Topo I purified from HeLa cells. Each protein is inhibited by camptothecin, topotecan, and 9-aminocamptothecin, but not by ATP. Activity is stimulated by Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, spermine, and spermidine. The magnitude of the stimulatory effect of Mg2+ is inversely proportional to the salt concentration. Furthermore, at KCl concentrations of 300 mM or greater, the addition of Mg2+ is inhibitory. The effects of Mg2+ and the polycations spermine and spermidine are partially additive, an indication that the stimulatory mechanisms of the two substances are different. Activity was strongly inhibited or abolished by Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Co2+. An examination of the hydrodynamic properties of full-length Topo I, Topo70, and Topo58 demonstrates that the core, linker, and COOH-terminal domains fold into a globular structure, while the NH2-terminal domain is highly extended. A comparison of the circular dichroism spectra of full-length Topo I and Topo70 demonstrates that residues 1-174 (approximately 21 kDa) of Topo I are largely if not completely unfolded. This observation is consistent with the fact that the NH2-terminal domain is dispensable for activity.
Automatic Ship Classification from Optical Aerial Images with Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

The automatic classification of ships from aerial images is a considerable challenge. Previous works have usually applied image processing and computer vision techniques to extract meaningful features from visible spectrum images in order to use them as the input for traditional supervised classifiers. We present a method for determining if an aerial image of visible spectrum contains a ship or not. The proposed architecture is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and it combines neural codes extracted from a CNN with a k-Nearest Neighbor method so as to improve performance. The kNN results are compared to those obtained with the CNN Softmax output. Several CNN models have been configured and evaluated in order to seek the best hyperparameters, and the most suitable setting for this task was found by using transfer learning at different levels. A new dataset (named MASATI) composed of aerial imagery with more than 6000 samples has also been created to train and evaluate our architecture. The experimentation shows a success rate of over 99% for our approach, in contrast with the 79% obtained with traditional methods in classification of ship images, also outperforming other methods based on CNNs. A dataset of images (MWPU VHR-10) used in previous works was additionally used to evaluate the proposed approach. Our best setup achieves a success ratio of 86% with these data, significantly outperforming previous state-of-the-art ship classification methods.
The threat of salmonellosis to commercial poultry production in Adamawa state, Nigeria (2010)

A three year (January 2007 – August 2009) retrospective study of the post mortem records of the Zonal Investigation Laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute, Yola was carried out. Of the 196 post-mortem poultry cases diagnosed, 80 (40.8%) were Salmonellosis, 39(19.9%) were Coccidiosis, 27(13.8%) were Gumboro, 18 (9.2%) and 9 (4.6%) were New Castle Disease and Ruptured Egg Yolk respectively, while 7 (3.6%) were Avian Influenza and 5 (2.5%) were Helminthosis. The least occurring disorders included Ectoparasitism, Nutritional disorders, Cage paralysis, indigestion, Fowl pox and Suspected duck plaque constituting 11 (5.6%) of the cases. Fifty two (65%) of Salmonellosis cases were in young chickens less than 7 weeks of age. Most of the Salmonella cases occurred concurrently with Gumboro, Coccidiosis and to some extent Ruptured egg yolk in the older birds. There was annual increase of Salmonellosis from as low as 14 cases in 2007 to 38 cases in 2009. Salmonellosis appeared to be a threat to commercial poultry production in Adamawa State and indeed Nigeria in General. Salmonella spp. infection from the hatchery is highly associated with the result obtained. Stringent measures to cleanse the hatchery management in Nigeria by relevant authority are highly recommended.
Effects of enhancers and coating substrates on the transgene expression mediated by branched polyethylenimine (2009)

Abstract Gene delivery is an important step in the preparation of cell arrays. A highly efficient delivery system is required to modulate the cellular functions for analysis. In this study, branched polyethylenimine (bPEI), a very potent and cost‐effective polymer for transfection, was used as a primary carrier for gene delivery. The percentage of cells expressing green fluorescent protein was used to indicate the transfection efficiency. Various substrates were coated on slides for the examination of cell growth and transfection efficiency. Different enhancers, such as polyethylene glycol, dextran, and gelatin, were combined with the transfection reagent in an attempt to increase the transfection efficiency. For the slides coated with gelatin type B that could provide better cell growth, the transfection efficiency was observed to strongly depend on the amount of plasmid contained within the transfection reagent in a dosage response. In the absence of any enhancers, the efficiency reached 20%, whereas in the presence of polyethylene glycol of MW 2000 or gelatin type A, the efficiency could be further enhanced to around 70%. When bPEI was replaced with dextran‐grafted bPEI, a more efficient carrier for transfection in cell culture, very minimal levels of GFP positive cells were detected, suggesting that different factors might exist in transfecting cells in culture and those in microarrays for PEI‐based vectors to achieve high efficiency. This study showed that using bPEI combined with an enhancer as a gene delivery system could efficiently modulate cellular functions for the preparation of cell arrays. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Chemistry under extreme or non-classical conditions (1996)

Chemical Synthesis Using High Temperature Species (J. Schneider). Effect of Pressure on Inorganic Reactions (C. Hubbard & R. van Eldik). Effect of Pressure on Organic Reactions (F. Karner, et al.). Organic Synthesis at High Pressure (J. Jurczak & D. Gryko). Inorganic and Related Chemical Reactions in Supercritical Fluids (M. Poliakoff, et al.). Organic Chemistry in Supercritical Fluids (E. Dinjus, et al.). Industrial and Environmental Applications of Supercritical Fluids (H. Schmieder, et al.). Ultrasound as a New Tool for Synthetic Chemists (T. Mason & J. Luche). Applications of High Intensity Ultrasound in Polymer Chemistry (G. Price). Chemistry Under Extreme Conditions in Water Induced Electrohydraulic Cavitation and Pulsed-Plasma Discharges (M. Hoffmann, et al.). Microwave Dielectric Heating Effects in Chemical Synthesis (D. Mingos & A. Whittaker). Biomolecules Under Extreme Conditions (K. Heremans). Index.
Thin films for radiation control in boiling water nuclear reactors (1986)

Boiling water nuclear reactors (BWR's) experience radioactive film buildup on the inner walls of their out-of-core stainless steel (S.S.) cooling water pipes. These films consist of various oxides of Fe, Cr, and Ni, and contain small amounts of radioactive Co-60. As a result the pipes must be decontaminated or replaced periodically. Efforts are currently being made to passivate these S.S. surfaces so as to reduce the rate of radiation buildup. In the present work, the effects of various protective metallic thin film coatings on the morphology of the radioactive oxide film grown in a simulated BWR test loop are reported.
Satiety reduces adiposity in dogs. (2000)

The study reported here investigated the effect of satiety on body composition. Twelve beagle dogs were fed either a low-fiber (< 2%) or a high-fiber (approximately 20%) food that had previously been shown to cause differences in satiety. After 3 weeks the groups were fed the opposite food. Dogs were fed all they would voluntarily consume during one 45-minute meal per day. Each dog served as its own control. Although dogs consumed approximately equal amounts of food on a weight basis, they voluntarily ate significantly fewer calories (27% less) when fed the high-fiber food. Dogs lost four times as much fat mass when fed the high-fiber food versus when fed the low-fiber food. Therefore this study indicates that foods enhanced with fiber increase satiety and reduce adiposity.
Reengineering of IEC 61131 into IEC 61499 Function Blocks (2010)

In order for industrial automation manufacturers to remain competitive, they must utilise modern design approaches. Existing approaches using IEC 61131 languages are not object oriented and are difficult to reconfigure for other applications. IEC 61499 is an open standard aimed at replacing IEC 61131, adding modern design features and hardware abstraction. Therefore there is a need to migrate existing code bases using IEC 61131 technologies into the newer IEC 61499 language for future development. IEC 61499 is appealing to developers because of the simplified specification approach and benefits related to the language's abstraction. The basic design unit or function block provides a graphical method for control flow design, and uses algorithms written in any programming language. This object oriented approach enables easy block reuse and simple reconfigurability. This paper presents a semi-automated process for the reengineering of Ladder Logic routines, from Rockwell, into a function block system. The process automatically translates all data types, variable declarations and ladder logic routines into their C equivalents. The function block architecture for the desired system components must be developed, but into which the generated code is encapsulated and used. The approach enables manufacturers using IEC 61131 to migrate their code base into a modern framework, with no loss of previous design efforts and minimal once-off overhead. IEC 61499 then allows for a more stream lined development process with reusable components.
An Evaluation of Loading Systems (1965)

Telephone subscriber-line plant consists largely of cable pairs which, for lengths in excess of 18 kilofeet (kf) (18 000 feet), require loading to provide acceptable transmission. Various loading systems have been used over the years to secure optimum transmission with the telephone instruments representing the state of the art at the time. The current trend in exchange plant is to place even the longest rural telephone circuits in buried cable. This implies the application of loading, together with a judicious control of bridged taps beyond the last loading coil. Tests were therefore made on 24-gauge, 22-gauge, and 19-gauge artificial cable pairs loaded to the H-88, D-88, and D-66 systems described herein with varying lengths of bridged tap and using variously weighted noise as a test signal, and variously weighted "detectors." In this paper the test results are evaluated to show the relative "advantages" of the D-66, D-88, and H-88 loading schemes.
Caffeine adsorption of montmorillonite in coffee extracts (2017)

The growth in health-conscious consumers continues to drive the demand for a wide variety of decaffeinated beverages. We previously developed a new technology using montmorillonite (MMT) in selective decaffeination of tea extract. This study evaluated and compared decaffeination of coffee extract using MMT and activated carbon (AC). MMT adsorbed caffeine without significant adsorption of caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs), feruloylquinic acids (FQAs), dicaffeoylquinic acids (di-CQAs), or caffeoylquinic lactones (CQLs). AC adsorbed caffeine, chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and CQLs simultaneously. The results suggested that the adsorption selectivity for caffeine in coffee extract is higher in MMT than AC. The caffeine adsorption isotherms of MMT in coffee extract fitted well to the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption properties in coffee extracts from the same species were comparable, regardless of roasting level and locality of growth. Our findings suggest that MMT is a useful adsorbent in the decaffeination of a wide range of coffee extracts.
Soft irregular shadow mapping (2009)

We introduce a straightforward, robust, and efficient algorithm for rendering high-quality soft shadows in dynamic scenes. Each frame, points in the scene visible from the eye are inserted into a spatial acceleration structure. Shadow umbrae are computed by sampling the scene from the light at the image plane coordinates given by the stored points. Penumbrae are computed at the same set of points, per silhouette edge, in two steps. First, the set of points affected by a given edge is estimated from the expected light-view screen-space bounds of the corresponding penumbra. Second, the actual overlap between these points and the penumbra is computed analytically directly from the occluding geometry. The umbral and penumbral sources of occlusion are then combined to determine the degree of shadow at the eye-view pixel corresponding to each sample point. An implementation of this algorithm for the Larrabee architecture yields from 27 to 33 frames per second in simulation for scenes from a modern game, and produces significantly higher image quality than other recent methods in the real-time domain.
ON-LINE SYSTEMS: CONTROL BUTTON DESIGN AND CHARACTERISTIC EFFECTS ON USER LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE (2004)

With the increased use of on-line systems requiring users to interact with an unfamiliar interface after little or no formal training developers must be cognizant of design characteristics that are detriments to success.The introduction of an on-line property tax system in Nashville, TN is seeing numerous implementation snags.Many of the issues preventing people from accomplishing their desired tasks appear to be design related.Many such systems recently introduced are developed and launched without implementing many of the basic design characteristics taught for years by top design experts.This research will examine control characteristics and will attempt to identify potential stumbling blocks to user learning caused by control design.Specifically control color, shape and location will be examined to determine if differentiation between controls aids in the learning of an on-line system.
Evaluation of Acceleration and Jerk Models in Radar and IRST Data Fusion for Tracking Evasive Maneuvering Target (2008)

In general, the motion of maneuvering targets is described by acceleration model which
is a kinematic model including position derivatives up to the second order. It is found that
for tracking highly maneuvering targets, it is necessary to include higher order position
derivatives in the model. A model including derivatives of position up to the third order
called the jerk model is presented. In this paper, the tracking performance of an extended
Kalman filter with the jerk model is evaluated and compared with that of an extended
Kalman filter with acceleration model for fusion and tracking of a maneuvering target
sensed by IRST and radar.