gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance measurements of CMOS SSPM as PET detector (2007)

We have designed and developed a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM). We have studied this novel SSPM as a readout of LYSO scintillator for use in positron emission tomography (PET). Here we present energy resolution, coincidence timing resolution, depth of interaction measurements and flood imaging studies with SSPMs coupled to LYSO seintilators. Two different sizes, 3 x 3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 1.5 x 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SSPMs were studied. The measured FWHM energy resolution with 511 keV gamma rays was 22% for the detector consisting 3 x 3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SSPM coupled to a 3 x 3 x 15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LYSO and 11.2 % for the detector consisting 1.5 x 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SSPM coupled to 1.5 x 1.5 x 10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LYSO. The timing resolution measured was 1.8 ns for the 3 x 3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> detector in coincidence with a detector consisting LSO coupled to PMT. The coincidence timing resolution was 530 ps for 1.5 x 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> detector. The measured depth-of-interaction resolution by coupling two 1.5 x 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SSPMs on opposite ends of a 1.5 x 1.5 x 20 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LYSO scintillator was 2.5 mm. The flood histogram was recorded with a 4 x 4 LYSO array, each element measuring 1.5 x 1.5 x 15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> coupled to a position sensitive SSPM (PS-SSPM) consist of a 4 x 4 array of SSPM elements. The flood image was distortion free, all 16 elements were clearly visible and well separated from each other.
Genetic Engineering of Bacteriophages Against Infectious Diseases (2019)

Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant and widely distributed organisms on Earth, constituting a virtually unlimited resource to explore the development of biomedical therapies. The therapeutic use of phages to treat bacterial infections ("phage therapy") was conceived by Felix d'Herelle nearly a century ago. However, its power has been realized only recently, largely due to the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. Progress in technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, genome editing, and synthetic biology, further opened doors to explore this vast treasure trove. Here, we review some of the emerging themes on the use of phages against infectious diseases. In addition to phage therapy, phages have also been developed as vaccine platforms to deliver antigens as part of virus-like nanoparticles that can stimulate immune responses and prevent pathogen infections. Phage engineering promises to generate phage variants with unique properties for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. These approaches have created momentum to accelerate basic as well as translational phage research and potential development of therapeutics in the near future.
New Types of SAW Reflector and Resonator Consisting of Reflecting Elements with Alternative (Positive and Negative) Reflection Coefficients (1985)

New types of SAW grating reflector and resonator configurations are proposed which consist of reflecting elements with the opposite sign of the reflection coefficients, and which have the advantages of large reflectivity, wide stopband and small mode conversion into radiative bulk waves. The principles of operation and the possible configurations of the reflector are described. It is confirmed by experiments on metal strip gratings that the proposed configurations provide very efficient reflection characteristics and a small size resonator with very small capacitance ratio.
Comovirus Isolation and RNA Extraction (1998)

Comoviruses are small, icosahedral viruses with a diameter of approx 28 nm (Fig. 1). Presently the genus Comovirus is comprised of 15 different viruses, of which the type species, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), is the most thoroughly studied (,). All viruses are transmitted by beetles and have a rather narrow host range. Most comoviruses have legumes as their natural hosts and usually cause mosaic or mottling symptoms. Comoviruses are mechanically transmissible, and can replicate to high levels in infected cells. Purified preparations of comoviruses consist of two, sometimes three, distinguishable particles, which can be separated by centrifugation on sucrose density gradients. These particles are designated as bottom (B), middle (M), and top (T) component, corresponding to their position in the centrifuge tube. The B- and M-component are nucleoprotein particles, each containing a segment of the single-stranded, bipartite RNA genome (denoted RNA-1 and RNA-2, respectively); T-component consists of empty protein shells. Both B- and M-components, or their RNAs, are necessary for infectivity (). Open image in new window Fig. 1. Genetic organization of the CPMV genome. The icosahedral virus particles consist of two components, denoted B and M, that contain RNA-1 and RNA-2, respectively. The ORFs in the RNA molecules are indicated with open bars and VPg with a black square. The RNAs are translated into polyproteins that are proteolytically processed at six specific sites, indicated below the ORFs, into several stable intermediate and nine final cleavage products. These latter products are indicated in the ORFs. Functions of the different domains in the polyproteins are shown above the ORFs with the following abbreviations: MP, movement protein; CO-PRO, cofactor required for proteinase; HEL?, putative helicase; PRO, proteinase; POL, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
The LiMA Technology: Measurement of ATP on a Nucleic Acid Testing Platform (2007)

and serum samples when tested concomitantly. This test can also be equally performed on cerebrospinal fluid samples (unpublished results).
Studio CCD camera technology (1990)

The development of television cameras has been closely linked to that of the actual pick-up devices used. The recent introduction of CCD pick-up devices has had a profound influence on the design, performance and operation of portable television cameras. Now, with high resolution, high performance CCD devices becoming available, studio cameras can be produced which meet the industry's performance requirements, while exploiting the advantages of CCDs. The design of the camera head, control systems, and operational facilities are all influenced by this new pick-up device.
Micelle Structure of Amelogenin in Porcine Secretory Enamel (2007)

Even during the secretory stage of amelogenesis, enamel crystals thicken as amelogenins (the major protein component) decrease. To explain this phenomenon, we propose a model for amelogenin structure and function based upon the hypothesis that amelogenin forms micelles. Solubility and hydrophobicity analyses suggest that all but the hydrophilic amelogenin C-terminal regions aggregate via hydrophobic bonds to form a micelle core. Amelogenin micelles may form super-assemblies via their C-termini (KTKREEVD), which contain complementary positive (KTKR) and negative (EEVD) elements. Disassembly of the micelles through controlled proteolysis provides space for crystal growth. Initial cleavage (by enamelysin) removes the surface-accessible amelogenin C-terminus, exposing the middle portion to cleavage (by EMSP1). As a result, the 13-kDa amelogenin, a rod-shaped domain based upon ultrafiltration and transmission electron microscopy studies, is released. This model explains how amelogenin is able to 'space' and support the ribbon-like crystals and continuously yield space as the crystals thicken, until they are sufficiently mature to support themselves.
Frequency stabilization of a cw dye laser (1973)

A cw dye laser system frequency stabilized to a high-finesse optical reference cavity is described. Laser frequency is servo controlled to the cavity resonance with residual fluctuations less than 50 kHz for short times (20 μsec) and 100 Hz for long times (10 sec). Drift in absolute laser frequency of about 1.5 MHz/min is observed due to drift of the unstabilized reference cavity. A saturated absorption spectrum of I2 obtained with this system is shown.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF EPOXIDES WITH 2,6‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYLPHENOL (1982)

Abstract 2,6‐Bis‐tert.‐butyl‐phenol (I) reagiert mit den Epoxiden (II) in Gegenwart von Methylat zu den 0‐ und C‐Substitutionsprodukten (III) und (IV), deren jeweilige Anteile bestimmt werden.
Beam propagation modeling of polarization rotation in deeply etched semiconductor bent waveguides (2001)

A rigorous study of polarization rotation in deeply etched semiconductor optical waveguide bends has been carried out and results are presented, using the finite element-based fully vectorial beam propagation method. It has been shown that by careful adjustment of the waveguide width, the slant sidewalls and the bending radius, a very compact polarization rotator design, only 60 μm long, with extremely low overall loss, and nearly 100% polarization conversion ratio can be achieved.
Molecular mechanisms of cell-cell signaling by the Spemann-Mangold organizer (2001)

We review how studies on the first Spemann-Mangold organizer marker, the homeobox gene goosecoid, led to the discovery of secreted factors that pattern the vertebrate embryo. Microinjection of goosecoid mRNA formed secondary axes and recruited neighboring cells. These non-cell autonomous effects are mediated in part by the expression of secreted factors such as chordin, cerberus and Frzb-1. Unexpectedly, many of the molecules secreted by the Spemann-Mangold organizer turned out to be antagonists that bind growth factors in the extracellular space and prevent them from binding to their receptors. The case of chordin is reviewed in detail, for this molecule has provided biochemical insights into how patterning by Spemann's organizer can be regulated by diffusion and proteolytic control. The study of the BMP-binding repeats of Chordin, which are present in many extracellular proteins, may provide a new paradigm for how cell-cell signaling is regulated in the extracellular space not only in embryos, but also in adult tissues.
Oxidative Stress Affects the Junctional Integrity of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (2004)

Increased resistance to chronic oxidative stress with differentiation in ARPE-19 cells correlated with higher steady state levels of Hsp27 and Hsp70. Oxidative stress disrupted RPE cell junction and barrier integrity, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases related to RPE through disruption of the blood-retinal barrier.
Evaluating the clinical effectiveness of 90Y-SMT 487 in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. (2003)

Using this scoring method, (90)Y-SMT 487 appears effective in improving the clinical status of patients with (111)In-pentetreotide-positive neuroendocrine tumors.
Identification of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> surface‐exposed and cell envelope associated proteins using a combined bioinformatics plus proteomics strategy (2014)

The Gram-negative pathogen Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterium that replicates within the phagolysosomal vacuoles of eukaryotic cells. This pathogen can infect a wide range of hosts, and is the causative agent of Q fever in humans. Surface-exposed and cell envelope associated proteins are thought to be important for both pathogenesis and protective immunity. Herein, we propose a complementary strategy consisting of (i) in silico prediction and (ii) inventory of the proteomic composition using three enrichment approaches coupled with protein identification. The efficiency of classical Triton X-114 phase partitioning was compared with two novel procedures; isolation of alkaline proteins by liquid-phase IEF, and cell surface enzymatic shaving using biofunctional magnetic beads. Of the 2026 protein sequences analyzed using seven distinct bioinformatic algorithms, 157 were predicted to be outer membrane proteins (OMP) and/or lipoproteins (LP). Using the three enrichment protocols, we identified 196 nonredundant proteins, including 39 predicted OMP and/or LP, 32 unknown or poorly characterized proteins, and 17 effectors of the Type IV secretion system. We additionally identified eight proteins with moonlighting activities, and several proteins apparently peripherally associated with integral or anchored OMP and/or LP.
Cambricon-S: Addressing Irregularity in Sparse Neural Networks through A Cooperative Software/Hardware Approach (2018)

Neural networks have become the dominant algorithms rapidly as they achieve state-of-the-art performance in a broad range of applications such as image recognition, speech recognition and natural language processing. However, neural networks keep moving towards deeper and larger architectures, posing a great challenge to the huge amount of data and computations. Although sparsity has emerged as an effective solution for reducing the intensity of computation and memory accesses directly, irregularity caused by sparsity (including sparse synapses and neurons) prevents accelerators from completely leveraging the benefits; it also introduces costly indexing module in accelerators. In this paper, we propose a cooperative software/hardware approach to address the irregularity of sparse neural networks efficiently. Initially, we observe the local convergence, namely larger weights tend to gather into small clusters during training. Based on that key observation, we propose a software-based coarse-grained pruning technique to reduce the irregularity of sparse synapses drastically. The coarse-grained pruning technique, together with local quantization, significantly reduces the size of indexes and improves the network compression ratio. We further design a hardware accelerator, Cambricon-S, to address the remaining irregularity of sparse synapses and neurons efficiently. The novel accelerator features a selector module to filter unnecessary synapses and neurons. Compared with a state-of-the-art sparse neural network accelerator, our accelerator is 1.71× and 1.37× better in terms of performance and energy efficiency, respectively.
Radical Covalent Organic Frameworks: A General Strategy to Immobilize Open‐Accessible Polyradicals for High‐Performance Capacitive Energy Storage (2015)

Abstract Ordered π‐columns and open nanochannels found in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) could render them able to store electric energy. However, the synthetic difficulty in achieving redox‐active skeletons has thus far restricted their potential for energy storage. A general strategy is presented for converting a conventional COF into an outstanding platform for energy storage through post‐synthetic functionalization with organic radicals. The radical frameworks with openly accessible polyradicals immobilized on the pore walls undergo rapid and reversible redox reactions, leading to capacitive energy storage with high capacitance, high‐rate kinetics, and robust cycle stability. The results suggest that channel‐wall functional engineering with redox‐active species will be a facile and versatile strategy to explore COFs for energy storage.
OPTIMALISASI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN RSUDZA : INTEGRASI KESEHATAN FISIK DAN KESEHATAN MENTAL (2016)

The integration of psychological services in health care system within western countries has been developed since 1970.It happened because of several circumtances, for instance an inclined cost of health.Thus, it drove alternatives to revise the traditional health care system.The importance of integrated health between physical and mental in order to optimalize health services within Aceh community, therefore the Director of Aceh Provincial Hospital (Dr.dr.Syahrul, SpS (K)) has been initiated psychological services on September 2013 along with some others physical health services in one clinic.The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of dynamics in the psychological services to figure out various challenges and obstacles.This paper is adopted from author's real experiences in the field for 2 (two) years of practice in the hospital (RSUDZA).(JKS 2016;
The influence of physical and chemical linkage on the properties of nanocomposites (2005)

It has been shown by several groups that the mechanical and electrical behavior of composites changes quite substantially, and often beneficially, when the filler particle size is less than 100 nm in diameter. There is also good reason to believe that the interface between the embedded particulates and the polymer matrix holds the key to understanding the bulk phenomena observed. Materials based on an SiO/sub 2/-polyolefin system have been formulated with functionalized particulates so as to affect the physical and chemical linkages. The agents used to achieve this include amino-silane, hexamethyl-disilazane and triethoxyvinylsilane. The emerging picture of the interface is supported by detailed dielectric spectroscopy and internal space charge assessment. The nature of the internal structure has been related to the bulk properties observed such as the breakdown strength, voltage endurance, and the measurement of internal charges resulting from interfacial polarization.
Substituted titanocenes induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in human epidermoid carcinoma cells in vitro and exhibit antitumour activity in vivo (2007)

Titanocene compounds are a novel series of agents that exhibit cytotoxic effects in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the antiproliferative activity of two titanocenes (Titanocenes X and Y) was evaluated in human epidermoid cancer cells in vitro. Titanocenes X and Y induce apoptotic cell death in epidermoid cancer cells, with IC50 values that are comparable to cisplatin. Characterisation of the cell death pathway induced by titanocene compounds in A431 cells revealed that apoptosis is preceded by cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of cell proliferation. The induction of apoptosis is dependent on the activation of caspase-3 and -7 but not caspase-8. Furthermore, the antitumour activity of Titanocene Y was tested in an A431 xenograft model of epidermoid cancer. Results indicate that Titanocene Y significantly reduced the growth of A431 xenografts with an antitumour effect similar to cisplatin. These results suggest that titanocenes represent a novel series of promising antitumour agents.
Effect of low temperature on resistance of stable austenitic steel to embrittlement by hydrogen (1993)

Tensile straining of a ‘stable’ austenitic stainless steel at subambient temperatures has revealed deformation induced transformation to martensite reaching a maximum at about 200 K. Although the particular steel concerned is only marginally embrittled by hydrogen charging at ambient temperature, the transformation to martensite coincides with increasing embrittlement at lower temperatures. The recovery of a resistance to embrittlement below 215 K is attributed to the decreasing transport of hydrogen by moving dislocations as the temperature is further decreased.MST/1701
Tissue-compatible multiblock copolymers for medical applications, controllable in degradation rate and mechanical properties (1998)

A class of degradable, phase-segregated multiblock copolymers is presented. The new copoly(ester-urethane)s, termed DegraPolTM/btgc, consist of crystallizable poly[(3-R-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-R-hydroxyvalerate)]-segments and amorphous segments from ε-caprolactone, diglycolide and ethylene glycol. As junction unit an aliphatic diisocyanate, TMDI, is applied. The copoly(ester-urethane)s are thermoplastic elastomers (Tm = 120–136°C) and are processable without degradation. For medical applications, materials are needed in which the degradation rate and the mechanical properties are independently adjustable to the medical needs. The mechanical properties of DegraPolTM/btgc, e.g., elasticity and toughness, can be controlled by the weight fraction of crystallizable segment; the elastic moduli of DegraPol/btcg are adjustable between 50 MPa and 500 MPa and were only little influenced by the chemical structure and the composition of the soft segment. By insertion of ‘weak links’ in the form of easily hydrolyzable glycolyl-glycolate ester bonds into the amorphous segments, we attempted to synthesize degradable polymers in which the hydrolytic degradation rate can be controlled by the amount and the sequence distribution of these bonds. We report on the synthesis and on the thermal and mechanical properties of such polymers.
IgE antibody to <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> recombinant allergens in cystic fibrosis patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (2004)

Immunoglobulin E reactivity to a panel of purified Af allergens, especially to Asp f3 and f4, differentiates ABPA from atopic Af ST+ non-ABPA CF patients. Serial determinations of IgE reactivity to individual purified Aspergillus antigens, especially Asp f3, demonstrates that increases in IgE reactivity may provide improved distinction between stages of flares and remission compared with changes in IgE reactivity to a crude Aspergillus extract.
Alkaline Membrane Electrolyte Fuel Cell Research and Development at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Immunization of cattle with the MSP-1 surface protein complex induces protection against a structurally variant Anaplasma marginale isolate (1989)

The Anaplasma marginale surface protein complex MSP-1 of the Florida isolate is composed of a 105-kilodalton (kDa) polypeptide, which bears a neutralization-sensitive epitope, and a 100-kDa polypeptide. Antigenically similar polypeptides in the Okanogan, Wash. (Washington-O), isolate MSP-1 are 86 and 100 kDa, respectively. Immunization of cattle with Florida isolate MSP-1 induced antibody titers to both MSP-1 polypeptides and protected cattle against homologous and heterologous challenge.
Formation of Nanostructured Polymer Filaments in Nanochannels (2003)

We describe the use of hard etching methods to create nanodimensional channels and their use as templates for the formation of polymer filament arrays with precise dimensional and orientational control in a single integrated step. The procedure is general as illustrated by the radical, coordination, and photochemical polymerizations that were performed in these nanochannels. The nanochannel templates (20 nm high, 20-200 nm wide, and 100 mum long) were fabricated by the combined use of electron-beam lithography and a sacrificial metal line etching technique. Radical polymerization of acrylates, metal-catalyzed polymerization of norbornene, and photochemical polymerization of 1,4-diiodothiophene were carried out in these nanochannels. The polymers grown follow the dimensions and orientation of the channels, and the polymer filaments can be released without breaking. The approach opens up the possibility of just-in-place manufacturing and processing of patterns and devices from nanostructured polymers using well-established polymer chemistry.