gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust late fusion with rank minimization (2012)

In this paper, we propose a rank minimization method to fuse the predicted confidence scores of multiple models, each of which is obtained based on a certain kind of feature. Specifically, we convert each confidence score vector obtained from one model into a pairwise relationship matrix, in which each entry characterizes the comparative relationship of scores of two test samples. Our hypothesis is that the relative score relations are consistent among component models up to certain sparse deviations, despite the large variations that may exist in the absolute values of the raw scores. Then we formulate the score fusion problem as seeking a shared rank-2 pairwise relationship matrix based on which each original score matrix from individual model can be decomposed into the common rank-2 matrix and sparse deviation errors. A robust score vector is then extracted to fit the recovered low rank score relation matrix. We formulate the problem as a nuclear norm and ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm optimization objective function and employ the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier (ALM) method for the optimization. Our method is isotonic (i.e., scale invariant) to the numeric scales of the scores originated from different models. We experimentally show that the proposed method achieves significant performance gains on various tasks including object categorization and video event detection.
Dependence of deposition rate on base materials in TEOS/O/sub 3/ AP CVD (2002)

The dependence of deposition rate and film quality on base materials in TEOS/O/sub 3/ atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition has been studied. Films deposited on thermal oxide at high ozone concentration had lower deposition rate and film quality. The dependence on base materials is caused by surface rate-limited reaction of the CVD, which leads to excellent conformality and low particle generation, although it should be improved for device fabrication. In deposition at low ozone concentration, films had the same deposition rate and film quality as those on silicon. When deposited on silicon, films of higher quality were obtained at high ozone concentration. By a double-layer deposition method (depositing thin film on thermal oxide at low ozone concentration and then depositing at high ozone concentration), films of high quality were deposited. This makes TEOS/O/sub 3/ APCVD more versatile in VLSI fabrication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resveratrol Oligomers for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers (2014)

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally derived phytoalexin stilbene isolated from grapes and other plants, playing an important role in human health and is well known for its extensive bioactivities, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, anticancer. In addition to resveratrol, scientists also pay attention to resveratrol oligomers, derivatives of resveratrol, which are characterized by the polymerization of two to eight, or even more resveratrol units, and are the largest group of oligomeric stilbenes. Resveratrol oligomers have multiple beneficial properties, of which some are superior in activity, stability, and selectivity compared with resveratrol. The complicated structures and diverse biological activities are of significant interest for drug research and development and may provide promising prospects as cancer preventive and therapeutical agents. This review presents an overview on preventive or anticancer properties of resveratrol oligomers.
Lithography and radiation chemistry of epoxy containing negative electron resists (1974)

Abstract A class of negative electron‐beam resists is described which have excellent lithographic characteristics. The resists are copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate. Their molecular weights, epoxy contents, and polydispersivities can be controlled to give an adjustable range of electron sensitivity and contrast. The copolymers are compared to other epoxy containing, negative electron‐beam resists. Micrography of resist profiles generated from a single line scan of the electron beam have been used to illustrate the complex interaction of accelerating voltage of the electron beam and resist contrast on resolution. Optical gratings made from single line scans of the beam have feature sizes less than 300 nm in the resist, etched metals, and dielectrics.
Quantitative analysis of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells (2010)

Recombinant retroviruses (gammaretro-, lenti- and foamy-viral vectors) are used for gene therapy as well as for scientific research because of their ability to provide relatively stable gene transfer and expression. The process of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells involves a series of transduction events that take place sequentially. A mathematical model for the retroviral transduction process was developed that incorporates the important extracellular and intracellular rate-limiting steps. The mathematical model was validated with experimental data obtained using gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope pseudotyped retroviral vectors and K562 target cells. The model predictions of transduction efficiency and integrated virus copy number were generally in good agreement with measured results acquired for both static and centrifugation-based gene transfer protocols. However, a deviation between the model calculations and the experimental transduction efficiency data was observed for centrifugation at high vector-to-cell ratios. To address this limitation, believed to be caused by the saturation of binding sites on the cell surface, a detailed experimental investigation of the binding and entry kinetics of retroviruses was performed. With the help of a mathematical representation for retroviral binding to, dissociation from and entry into mammalian cells, the kinetic rate constants for these three steps were experimentally quantified. The model was modified to incorporate these more complex kinetic steps and was shown to provide even better predictions of the experimental transduction results for the full range of vector-to-cell ratios investigated. The modified model was then used to optimize various retroviral transduction process parameters. Studies of the extracellular transport of viral vectors provided the optimal range of centrifugal forces needed to obtain the maximum transduction efficiency. Based on a simulated performance comparison of the three different types of recombinant retroviruses, lentiviral vectors were found to be very efficient for targeting hematopoietic stem cells. The mathematical model was able to provide a set of conditions where retroviral transduction protocols should yield high transduction efficiencies while maintaining the viral copy number in a lower, more desirable range.
Preparation and Characterization of Whey Protein Film Incorporated with TiO <sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles (2009)

Biodegradable titanium dioxide (TiO(2))/whey protein isolate (WPI) blend films were made by casting denatured WPI film solutions incorporated with TiO(2) nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectra, and fluorescence spectra of the films showed the successful incorporation of TiO(2) nanoparticles into the WPI matrix and indicated the interactions between TiO(2) and WPI. Mechanical tests revealed the antiplasticizing effect of TiO(2) nanoparticles on the WPI/TiO(2) film. Small amounts (<1 wt%) of added TiO(2) nanoparticles significantly increase the tensile properties of WPI film, but also decrease the moisture barrier properties. The addition of higher amounts (>1 wt%) of TiO(2) improves moisture barrier properties but lowers the tensile properties of the film. Microstructural evaluation confirmed the aggregation and distribution of TiO(2) nanoparticles within the WPI matrix and validated the results of functional properties of the WPI/TiO(2) film.
Heterocycles. CXXVII. Action of sulfur on some heterocyclic compounds. Formation of thioamides, oxidative cyclization and thiation (1975)

Abstract The formation of heterocyclic thioamides from alkylpyridines, heteroaromatic amines and sulfur was investigated. Oxidative cyclization of these thioamides afforded the corresponding thiazoloazines. Attempted thiation of some hydrazones gave triazolopyridines and some examples of direct thiation of heterocycles are given.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of synthetic aliphatic and aromatic monoacylglycerols. (2008)

The antibacterial activity of synthetic aliphatic and aromatic monoacylglycerols (MAGs) was studied against two human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The active compounds inhibited selectively S. aureus. The most active compounds amongst them were those with medium size aliphatic chain and aromatic MAGs with electron withdrawing substituents at the aryl ring. The introduction of one or two-carbon spacer between the aryl ring and the carboxylic function did not influence antibacterial effectiveness.
Subjective Comparison of Speech Enhancement Algorithms (2006)

We report on the development of a noisy speech corpus suitable for evaluation of speech enhancement algorithms. This corpus is used for the subjective evaluation of 13 speech enhancement methods encompassing four classes of algorithms: spectral subtractive, subspace, statistical-model based and Wiener algorithms. The subjective evaluation was performed by Dynastat, Inc. using the ITU-T P.835 methodology designed to evaluate the speech quality along three dimensions: signal distortion, noise distortion and overall quality. This paper reports the results of the subjective tests
A context and user aware smart notification system (2015)

Nowadays, notifications are increasingly gaining momentum in our society. New smart devices and appliances are developed everyday with the ability to generate, send and show messages about their status, acquired data and/or information received from other devices and users. Consequently, the number of notifications received by a user is growing and the tolerance to them could decrease in a short time. This paper presents a smart notification system that uses machine learning algorithms to adequately manage incoming notifications. According to context awareness and user habits, the system decides: (a) who should receive an incoming notification; (b) what is the best moment to show the notification to the chosen user(s); (c) on which device(s) the chosen user(s) should receive the notification; (d) which is the best way to notify the incoming notification. After the design of a general architecture, as a first step in building such a system, three different machine learning algorithms were compared in the task of establishing the best device on which the incoming notification should be delivered. The algorithms were applied to a dataset derived from real data provided by the MIT Media Laboratory Reality Mining project, enriched with additional synthetic information.
Inductively coupled plasmas as atomization cells for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInductively coupled plasmas as atomization cells for atomic fluorescence spectrometryAkbar. Montaser and Velmer A. FasselCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 11, 1490–1499Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50005a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50005a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dielectric Loaded Waveguide Analysis Program (Computer Program Descriptions) (1971)

This program determines the resonant frequencies and axial electric and magnetic field components in arbitrary polygonal waveguides loaded with isotropic lossless longitudinal dielectric slabs.
Transforming set data types to power optimal data structures (1995)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to model the search space for the custom implementation of set data types, a data type that is commonly found in important application domains such as network component realizations and database applications. The main objective is to arrive at power efficient realizations of these data types in custom data structures, but the model can also be used with nonpower cost functions. Based on the model, we propose an efficient optimization method for finding the implementation with minimum power consumption without performing an exhaustive scan of the search space. The range of power costs for different solutions can easily span four orders of magnitude, so a near optimal solution is crucial. This paper also strongly contributes to our overall goal of a higher level of specification and shorter design cycles for table-based memory organizations for applications where these data types are frequently used. The proposed model and methodology are suited for both hardware and software realizations.
6.25전쟁 납북자 명부들의 특성 분석에 관한 연구 (2016)

정부와 6.25전쟁 납북인사가족협의회의 노력으로 납북자와 관련된 12종의 명부가 발견되었으며, 납북자 관련 연구들도 활발해졌다. 그러나 이 명부들은 작성시기와 목적, 조사항목 등에 조금씩 차이가 있으며, 작성기관도 민간단체와 정부, 적십자사 등 다양한 것으로 나타났다. 명부에 대한 1차 자료 확보의 어려움 때문에 발견된 명부의 연관성, 작성배경과 명부의 구체적인 조사항목에 대한 연구는 아직까지 없다고 본다. 그러나 논자는 6.25전쟁 납북인사가족협의회의 도움으로 관련 자료들을 모두 입수할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구는 그동안 발견된 12종의 명부들을 대상으로, 각 명부의 작성 배경과 내용 등을 상세하게 분석하였다. 또한, 이들 명부들에 대한 종합분석과 발견된 모든 명부들을 통합한 단일명부 작성의 방향을 제시하였다. 그 결과, 납북자들이 강제로 북한으로 끌려간 것이라는 것을 간접적으로나마 증명할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 납북자 문제는 북한의 무대응으로 인하여 별다른진척을 보이지는 않지만, 이 문제는 개인의 인권문제인 동시에 인도주의적인 문제이다. 정부는 납북자 문제를 인도주의적인 접근방법에 의해 해결할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 한다고 생각한다.
Vitamin D and gonadal steroid-resistant New World primate cells express an intracellular protein which competes with the estrogen receptor for binding to the estrogen response element. (1997)

New World primates (NWP) exhibit a form of compensated resistance to vitamin D and other steroid hormones, including 17beta-estradiol. One postulated cause of resistance is that NWP cells overexpress one or more proteins which block hormone action by competing with hormone for its cognate hormone response element. Here we report that both nuclear and postnuclear extracts from NWP, but not Old World primate, cells contained a protein(s) capable of binding directly to the estrogen response element (ERE). This ERE binding protein(s) (ERE-BP) was dissociated from the ERE by excess of either unlabeled ERE or excess of the ERE half-site motif AGGTCAcag. DNA affinity chromatography using concatamers of the latter resulted in > 20,000-fold purification of the ERE-BP. The intensity of the ERE-BP-ERE complex in electromobility shift assay was indirectly related to the amount of wild-type Old World primate estrogen receptor (ER) but not affected when potential ligands, including 17beta-estradiol (up to 100 nM), or anti-ER antibody was added to the binding reaction. We conclude that vitamin D-resistant and gonadal steroid-resistant NWP cells contain a protein(s) that may "silence" ER action by interacting directly with the ERE and interfering with ER binding.
Steep head-down tilt has persisting effects on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow (2006)

Head-down tilt has been shown to increase lung water content in animals and alter the distribution of ventilation in humans; however, its effects on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in humans are unknown. We hypothesized that head-down tilt would increase the heterogeneity of pulmonary blood flow in humans, an effect analogous to the changes seen in the distribution of ventilation, by increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure and fluid efflux in the lung. To test this, we evaluated changes in the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in seven normal subjects before and after 1 h of 30 degrees head-down tilt using the magnetic resonance imaging technique of arterial spin labeling. Data were acquired in triplicate before tilt and at 10-min intervals for 1 h after tilt. Pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity was quantified by the relative dispersion (standard deviation/mean) of signal intensity for all voxels within the right lung. Relative dispersion was significantly increased by 29% after tilt and remained elevated during the 1 h of measurements after tilt (0.84 +/- 0.06 pretilt, 1.09 +/- 0.09 calculated for all time points posttilt, P < 0.05). We speculate that the mechanism most likely responsible for our findings is that increased pulmonary capillary pressures and fluid efflux in the lung resulting from head-down tilt alters regional blood flow distribution.
3′‐<i>O</i>‐Caged 2′‐Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates for Light‐Mediated, Enzyme‐Catalyzed, Template‐Independent DNA Synthesis (2017)

Synthesis, purification, and characterization of 3'-O-caged 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), namely 3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-deoxy ribonucleoside triphosphates (NB-dNTPs) and 3'-O-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-deoxy ribonucleoside triphosphates (DMNB-dNTPs), are discussed in detail. A total of eight 3'-O-caged dNTPs are synthesized with specific protocols depending on the nitrogenous base on the first carbon, i.e., adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine, as well as the photo-cleavable group, i.e, 2-nitrobenzyl and 4,5- dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl, to be attached in the 3'-O position. The purification of the synthesized compounds is done using ion-exchange and flash chromatography; this is followed by structural confirmation by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). The efficiency of the designed compounds is tested by conducting and evaluating UV-cleaving experiments at 365 nm with proton NMR and LC-MS curves. Finally, the application of the 3'-O-cagged dNTPs in template-independent, enzyme-catalyzed, photo-mediated oligonucleotide synthesis is demonstrated. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel guard interval based ISI-free sampling region detection method for OFDM systems (2005)

A novel guard interval based method for detecting the ISI-free sampling region in OFDM systems is proposed. We employ a symbol-by-symbol correlator, a phase processor, and a modified edge detector to detect this region. The symbol-by-symbol correlator is based on the cyclic prefix structure of the guard interval and symbol-by-symbol average operation is adopted to reduce the noise effects on this region. The phase processor outputs a feature signal that can be utilized to detect this region with a modified edge detector which uses both the thresholding and the run-length filtering techniques. Estimations of symbol timing, fractional frequency offset and maximal multipath delay are also obtainable through this method. The present is unique in that it has low computation complexity because an optimal detection threshold can be chosen independently of average SNR and it can be determined before system operation. Computer simulation results verify that this method achieves similar performance as earlier methods. In general, the proposed method is feasible and can be applied to detect the ISI-free sampling region for OFDM systems in any mobile radio environment.
Assessment of bone density using ultrasonic backscatter (1998)

The goal of this project was to investigate the utility of ultrasonic backscatter for the assessment of bone status. Ultrasound offers a low-cost, portable, nonionizing alternative or complement to common X-ray- or radioisotope (gamma ray)-based methods of bone densitometry. Ultrasonic backscatter may provide useful information not revealed by ultrasonic attenuation and sound-speed densitometers. Backscatter is sensitive to microstructural variations in acoustic impedance and should therefore provide information regarding architecture (which is related to fracture risk), as well as density. Ultrasonic backscatter at 2.25 MHz and CT bone densitometric data have been acquired from 10 healthy human volunteers. The degree of correlation between CT and ultrasonic backscatter is high (r = 0.87, p < 0.001). The envelope signal-to-noise ratio was 1.81 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- standard deviation). This suggests that the number of scatterers per resolution cell is large, the radiofrequency signal approximately obeys circular Gaussian statistics, and the envelope obeys Rayleigh statistics. These results indicate promise for ultrasonic backscatter as a substitute for or an adjunct to other ultrasonic measurements (attenuation and sound speed) and X-ray measurements for the assessment of bone status.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the Li/FeF<sub>3</sub> Reaction by Electrochemical Analysis (2012)

FeF3 is a promising cathode material for lithium batteries with a very high energy density due to its complete reduction to a mixture of LiF and Fe. The material is not yet practical due to a greater than 1 V hysteresis during charge and discharge. Previous work has suggested that this hysteresis might be intrinsic due to different reaction pathways. We employ galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to study the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. GITT experiments, when the electrode is allowed to rest for 72 h following a discharge or charge step, show that the hysteresis is 280 mV, in contrast to >1 V observed previously with slow rate charge and discharge experiments. CV results obtained in different potential ranges indicate that the apparent hysteresis is mostly due to the large overpotential needed to overcome the energy barrier for the nucleation of the LiF/Fe composite phases. EIS results are consistent with the formation of the nanocomposite. Further, EIS results indicate that extended rest of the electrode under open circuit appears to result in coalescence of the Fe nanoparticles, which reduces the Fe/LiF interfacial area. This hypothesis is also consistent with our observation that the charge–discharge overpotentials at high rates are smaller than what the Ohmic law would dictate. On the basis of these results, a reaction mechanism for the reaction is presented. The mechanism also points to potential approaches to mitigate the hysteresis through nanoengineering of the material.
An image processing system for signalized intersections (2002)

At an oversaturated intersection, most of the traffic image systems become less effective due to the combinations of driver behavior chaos and curved-shape lane geometric design. The authors describe a unique line and curve detector image process system which specifically fits in nonregular geometric layout and traffic characteristics data collections, e.g. turn ratio, queue length, volume, etc. The benefit of this image processing system is not limited to data collection, but generally can apply to intersection incident detection, signal control strategy planning and driving behavior analysis.