gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and Creativity: An Interdisciplinary Approach (1994)

Series Preface. Foreword. Prologue. Creativity and Computers M. Boden. Part I: Foundational Issues. Introduction: On Having a Mind of Your Own T. Dartnall. Creativity, Thought and Representational Redescription T. Dartnall. Connectionism and Cognitive Flexibility A. Clark. Re-representation and Emergent Information in Three Cases of Problem Solving D. Peterson. Psychological Issues in Modelling Creativity R. Wales, S. Thornton. Godel's Theorem and Creativity G. Priest. Machine Predictability Versus Human Creativity R. McDonough. Part 2: Creativity and Cognition. Introduction: Creativity and Cognition G.S. Halford, R. Levinson. Tensor Models: A Creative Basis for Memory Retrieval and Analogical Mapping J. Wiles, G.S. Halford, J.E.M. Stewart, M.S. Humphreys, J.D. Bain, W.H. Wilson. Experience-Based Creativity R. Levinson. Creative Proof Planning T. Walsh. Clues to Creativity M. Harney. Part 3: Creativity and Connectionism. Introduction: Creativity, Connectionism and Guided Walks C. Thornton. Creativity, Chaos and Artificial Intelligence A. Dekker, P. Farrow. The Evolution of Connectionist Networks Xin Yao. Why Connectionist Learning Algorithms Need to be More Creative C. Thornton. Part 4: Creativity and Design. Introduction: Creativity and Design J.S. Gero. Computational Models of Creative Design Processes J.S. Gero. A Model of Creative Design Using a Genetic Metaphor L. Alem, M.L. Maher. Lateral Translation in Design G. Schmitt, Shen-Guan Shih. Creativity, Invention and the Computational Metaphor: Prolegomenon to a Case Study S. Dasgupta. Part 5: HumanCreativity Enhancement. Introduction: Computer-Based Systems that Support Creativity E. Edmonds. Cybernetic Serendipity Revisited E. Edmonds. Amplifying Designers' Creativity with Domain-Oriented Design Environments G. Fischer, K. Nakakoji. Creativity in Social Sciences: the Computer Enhancement of Qualitative Data Analysis T. Richards, L. Richards. Cognitive Support and the Rhythm of Design M. Sharples. Epilogue. How Could a Copycat ever be Creative? D. Hofstadter. Index of Names. Index of Subjects.
Freedom of Thought, Offensive Fantasies and the Fundamental Human Right to Hold Deviant Ideas: Why the Seventh Circuit Got it Wrong in Doe v. City of Lafayette, Indiana (2005)

[Excerpt] “A precarious balance and considerable tension exists between two competing legal interests – the essential, First Amendment-grounded human right to freedom of thought, on the one hand, and the desire to prevent harm and injury that might occur if thought is converted to action, on the other. To understand this tension, it is useful to start by considering three different and disturbing factual scenarios. This article examines and critiques the majority opinion of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals in City of Lafayette. The majority held that the city’s ban of John Doe, a convicted sex offender, from its parks because he once fantasized about molesting children while watching them play in the park does not violate the First Amendment right to freedom of thought. The July 2004 en banc opinion reversed the result of an earlier vacated decision by a three-judge panel of the same court just thirteen months before. […] Part II of this article provides background on the right to freedom of thought, including a discussion of recent United States Supreme Court analysis on this right. Part III then describes, analyzes, and critiques the Seventh Circuit’s 2004 en banc opinion holding that the City of Lafayette did not violate John Doe’s right to freedom of thought. Importantly, Part III contends there are at least four separate reasons, each grounded in First Amendment jurisprudence tied to freedom of expression, why the majority erred in its conclusion. These reasons go far beyond those articulated in the dissenting opinion in City of Lafayette and thus suggest new and additional rationales for reversal. Next, Part IV demonstrates the dangerousness of the precedent set by the majority’s reasoning as it might apply to other scenarios, including the first two hypothetical fact patterns laid out at the beginning of this article. Finally, the article concludes in Part V that the United States Supreme Court should accept certiorari in this case and reverse the Seventh Circuit’s decision.”
Automated design flow for applying triple modular redundancy in complex semi-custom digital integrated circuits (2018)

Os efeitos de radiação têm sido um dos problemas mais sérios em aplicações militares e espaciais. Mas eles também são uma preocupação crescente em tecnologias modernas, mesmo para aplicações comerciais no nível do solo. A proteção dos circuitos integrados contra os efeitos da radiação podem ser obtidos através do uso de processos de fabricação aprimorados e de estratégias em diferentes estágios do projeto do circuito. A técnica de TMR é bem conhecida e amplamente empregada para mascarar falhas únicas sem detectálas. No entanto, o projeto de circuitos TMR não é automatizado por ferramentas EDA comerciais e até mesmo eles podem remover parcial ou totalmente a lógica redundante. Por outro lado, existem várias ferramentas que podem ser usadas para implementar a técnica de TMR em circuitos integrados, embora a maioria delas sejam ferramentas comerciais licenciadas, convenientes apenas para dispositivos específicos, ou com uso restrito por causa do regime ITAR. O presente trabalho pretende superar esses incovenientes, para isso uma metodologia é proposta para automatizar o projeto de circuitos TMR utilizando um fluxo de projeto comercial. A abordagem proposta utiliza um netlist estruturado para implementar automaticamente os circuitos TMR em diferentes níveis de granularidade de redundância para projetos baseados em células e FPGA. A otimização do circuito TMR resultante também é aplicada com base na abordagem do dimensionamento de portas lógicas. Além disso, a verificação do circuito TMR implementado é baseada na verificação de equivalência e garante sua funcionalidade correta e sua capacidade de tolerancia a falhas simples. Experimentos com um circuito derivado de HLS e uma descrição ofuscada do soft-core ARM Cortex-M0 foram realizados para mostrar o uso e as vantagens do fluxo de projeto proposto. Diversas questões relacionadas à remoção da lógica redundante implementada foram encontradas, bem como o impacto no incremento de área causado pelos votadores de maioria. Além disso, a confiabilidade de diferentes implementações de TMR do soft core ARM sintetizado em FPGA foi avaliada usando campanhas de injeção de falhas emuladas. Como resultado, foi reforçado o nível de alta confiabilidade da implemntação com mais fina granularidade, mesmo na presença de até 10 falhas acumuladas, e a menor capacidade de mitigação correspondente à replicação de flip-flops apenas.
Indirect methods of collocation: Trefftz‐Herrera collocation (1999)

A nonstandard collocation method (TH-collocation) is presented, where collocation is used to construct specialized weighting functions instead of the solution itself, as it is usual, so that in this sense it is an indirect method. TH-collocation is shown to be as accurate as standard collocation, but computationally far more efficient. The present article is the first of a series devoted to explore thoroughly collocation methods. The following classification of collocation methods is introduced: direct-nonoverlapping; indirect-nonoverlapping; direct-overlapping; and indirect-overlapping. Most of the effort reported in the literature has gone to direct-nonoverlapping methods. The procedure presented in this article falls into the indirect-nonoverlapping category and it is based on Trefftz-Herrera formulation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 15: 709–738, 1999
Acoustic Reflectometry Profiles of Endotracheal and Esophageal Intubation (2000)

In this pilot study, acoustic reflectometry within seconds, and without resort to capnography, was able to generate characteristic and distinctive area-length profiles for both endotracheal and esophageal intubation. Acoustic reflectometry may have a role in the emergency imaging of the airway, and in the immediate detection of esophageal intubations, particularly in cases of cardiopulmonary arrest in which the usual techniques for confirmation of breathing tube placement fail.
The relationship between metabolisable energy concentration and nutrient digestibility in grass silages offered to sheep at maintenance (2002)

The energy feeding systems used for dairy cows recommend that the metabolisable energy (ME) concentration of a feed at maintenance feeding level is calculated from its digestible nutrients. The objective of the present study was to develop equations to calculate the ME concentration from digestibility data for grass silages
Neural Network Predictor for Fraud Detection: A Study Case for the Federal Patrimony Department (2012)

-Fraud detection is necessary for any financial system. However, the way of committing frauds and also for detecting them have evolved considerably in the lasts years, mainly due the development of new technologies. Therefore, fraud detection via statistical schemes has become an important tool to reduce the chances of frauds. In this paper, we present a study case applied to the tax collection per month of the Federal Patrimony Department (SPU). In this study case, we analyze some of the current methods for fraud detection, as Rule-Based Systems and Neural Networks classifiers, and propose the use of Neural Networks predictors for detecting fraud in time series data of the SPU.
G Protein-Coupled Chemokine Receptors Induce Both Survival and Apoptotic Signaling Pathways (2002)

Chemokine receptors are essential for triggering chemotaxis to immune cells; however, a number of them can also mediate death when engaged by nonchemokine ligands. When the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is engaged by stromal cell-derived factor (SDF1)alpha, it triggers cells to chemotax, and in some cell types such as neurons, causes cell death. To elucidate this dual and opposing receptor function, we have investigated whether CXCR4 activation by its chemokine SDF1alpha could lead to the simultaneous activation of both anti- and proapoptotic signaling pathways; the balance ultimately influencing cell survival. CXCR4 activation in CD4 T cells by SDF1alpha led to the activation of the prosurvival second messengers, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. Selective inhibition of each signal demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase is essential for mediating SDF1alpha-triggered chemotaxis but does not confer an antiapoptotic state. In contrast, Akt activation through CXCR4 by SDF1alpha interactions is necessary to confer resistance to apoptosis. The proapoptotic signaling pathway triggered by SDF1alpha-CXCR4 interaction involves the G(ialpha) protein-independent activation of the proapoptotic MAPK (p38). Furthermore, other chemokines and chemokine receptors also signal chemotaxis and proapoptotic effects via similar pathways. Thus, G(ialpha) protein-coupled chemokine receptors can function as death prone receptors and the balance between the above signaling pathways will ultimately mandate the fate of the activated cell.
Code-division multiple access: novel multiplexing strategy in optical fiber networks (2002)

An analytical review of different fiber-optic code division multiplexing (OCDMA) systems are performed. The progress in fiber-optic CDMA algorithms and future trends in the development of lightwave CDMA systems are discussed.
DESIGN COMPATIBLE CONTROL OF BASECOURSE CONSTRUCTION (1983)

The problem of controlling basecourse construction in such a way as to reflect the specific design objective of adequate strength is addressed. Strength criteria for basecourse quality as determined by a number of ARRB-sponsored projects in Western Australia are reviewed and discussed in relation to the recommendation of recent NAASRA publications and the introduction of the impact soil tester. Correlations between California bearing ratio, Texas class number, elastic modulus and impact value based on laboratory test data are presented and related to published data. Compaction objectives are considered in relation to strength requirements and control by in situ strength testing. The significance of variability is emphasised and an example of strength contour plotting by computer is given. A procedure for control based on a target strength and minimum coefficient of variation for a given compactive effort is presented. Economic factors relating to on-the-job process control are discussed. Impact testing for process control on the job is seen as offering the possibility of a more direct design compatible approach to control of basecourse compaction. (Author/TRRL)
Validation of rule-based reactive systems by sound scenario generalization (2002)

Validation of reactive systems, such as telephone switching systems and traffic controllers, is made unusually difficult by the fact that such systems must perform heterogeneous behaviors robustly in complex, dynamic environments. This renders them unusually difficult to specify and even to state requirements for. In the ISAT project (Hall, 1992) end-user requirements are stated as concrete behavior scenarios, and a multi-functional apprentice system aids the human developer in acquiring and maintaining a knowledge-based specification consistent with the scenarios. This paper describes ISAT's novel approach to validating the acquired specification by using sound scenario generalization to construct descriptions of scenario classes with guaranteed behavior. It also describes the key technical problems that must be solved in order to implement sound scenarios generalization using explanation-based techniques, as well as ISAT's solution to the problems. The approach is implemented and has been tested on two reactive systems; an email system and a telephone switching system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Innovative Design of Webpage Interface Based on “Waterfall Flow Layout” (2013)

A webpage with functional design,reasonable and orderly structure and accurate information can bring users favorable browsing experience,while web pages which break through traditions or are designed with sense of arts and time can better meet the visual aesthetic needs of users.Only exploring innovative design,along with the trend of times,can effectively expand creative thinking and bring perfect unity of art and technology.
miR‐210: The Master Hypoxamir (2011)

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs implicated mainly in post-transcriptional gene silencing by interacting with the untranslated region of the transcript. miR-210 represents major hypoxia-inducible miRs, also known as hypoxamirs, which is ubiquitously expressed in a wide range of cells, serving versatile functions. This review article summarizes the current progress on biogenesis of miR-210 and its physiological roles including arrest of cell proliferation, repression of mitochondrial respiration, arrest of DNA repair, vascular biology, and angiogenesis. Given the fact that miR-210 is aberrantly expressed in a number of diseases such as tumor progression, myocardial infarction and cutaneous ischemic wounds, miR-210 could serve as an excellent candidate for prognostic purposes and therapeutic intervention. With the advancement of computational prediction, high-throughput target validation methodology, sequencing, proteomic analysis, and microarray, it is anticipated that more down-stream targets of miR-210 and its associated biological consequences under hypoxia will be unveiled establishing miR-210 as a major hub in the biology of hypoxia-response.
First gene on the avian W chromosome (CHD) provides a tag for universal sexing of non-ratite birds (1996)

The avian W chromosome shares many features with the mammalian Y chromosome: it is small, mostly heterochromatic, and filled with large repetitive arrays. No gene so far been assigned to the W chromosome in any bird species and, as a practical consequence, a general tag for avian gender identification on the molecular level is lacking. Here I describe the isolation of a chicken homologue to the mouse chromo-helicase-DNA binding (CHD) gene which encodes a protein involved in global regulation of transcriptional activation on the chromatin level. The avian CHD gene exists in two genomic copies, one of which termed CHD-W) was located on the W chromosome in all non-ratio species investigated. The gene displays extreme levels of sequence conservation since chicken CHD-W and mouse CHD are 82.9% and 95.6% identical at the nucleotide and amino acid level respectively. Molecular sexing can be accomplished in probably all non-ratite birds by hybridizing Southern blots with CHD probes, PCR-based gender identification is also demonstrated. A general system for avian sexing should facilitate many studies of behaviour, evolutionary ecology, genetics, and evolution.
SVMs for Histogram Based Image Classification (1999)

Traditional classification approaches generalize poorly on image classification tasks, because of the high dimensionality of the feature space. This paper shows that Support Vector Machines (SVM) can generalize well on difficult image classification problems where the only features are high dimensional histograms. Heavy-tailed RBF kernels of the form K(mathbfx},mathbf{y})=e^{-rhosum_i |x_i^a-y_i^a|^{b} with aleq 1 and b leq 2 are evaluated on the classification of images extracted from the Corel Stock Photo Collection and shown to far outperform traditional polynomial or Gaussian RBF kernels. Moreover, we observed that a simple remapping of the input x_i rightarrow x_i^a improves the performance of linear SVMs to such an extend that it makes them, for this problem, a valid alternative to RBF kernels.
INTERSAFE-2 architecture and specification (2009)

This paper details the European Commission funded INTERSAFE-2 project's rationale, system architecture and specifications. It explains the different modes of operation of the system required for different complexity of intersections and how the architecture is designed to be flexible enough to cope with this. It then details the three individual vehicle demonstrators including the safety functions they will implement and the sensors chosen for them. The infrastructure sensors and operation are then described before finally discussing some options for human-machine-interface (HMI) and actuation.
Simulation of Gas/Oil Gravity Drainage in a Stack of Interacting Blocks: Pseudo Relations for a Limited Number of Gridblocks (2002)

Abstract Naturally fractured carbonate fields contain a large portion of the world's light oil reserves. A number of these fields which are produced by gas/oil gravity drainage contain several billion barrels of oil. To simulate naturally pervasively fractured fields, dual-permeability simulation programs are used. To achieve reasonable simulation times for huge fields, the number of gridblocks has to be restricted. However, reducing the number of gridblocks in vertical direction in a draining matrix column in gas/oil gravity drainage simulations lead to systematic underestimation of the oil drainage rate. The simulation error due to limited number of gridblocks can be quantified. Knowing the error, the error can be corrected by modifying the (input) relation that links the oil drainage rate of a gridblock to its (average) oil saturation. In this article, a procedure is presented to arrive at (pseudo) relative permeability relations for gridblocks in gas/oil gravity drainage simulations. By assigning to each gridblock in a stack a different pseudo relative permeability relation depending on its position in the stack, it is possible to largely reduce and in some cases completely remove the simulation error. This procedure enables using a very limited number of gridblocks in the vertical direction (in the extreme case only one gridblock).
Marangoni Flow of Ag Nanoparticles from the Fluid−Fluid Interface (2008)

Fluid flow is observed when a volume of passivated Ag nanoparticles suspended in chloroform is mixed with a water/ethanol (v/v) mixture containing acidified 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. Following mechanical agitation, Ag nanoparticles embedded in a film are driven from the organic-aqueous interface. A reddish-brown colored film, verified by transmission electron microscopy to contain uniformly dispersed Ag nanoparticles, is observed to spontaneously climb the interior surface of an ordinary, laboratory glass vial. This phenomenon is recorded by a digital video recorder, and a measurement of the distance traveled by the film front versus time is extracted. Surface (interfacial) tension gradients due to surfactant concentration, temperature, and electrostatic potential across immiscible fluids are known to drive interface motion; this well-known phenomenon is termed Marangoni flow or the Marangoni effect. Experimental results are presented that show the observed mass transfer is dependent on an acid surfactant concentration and on the volume fraction of water in the aqueous phase, consistent with fluid flow induced by interfacial tension gradients. In addition, an effective desorption rate constant for the Marangoni flow is measured in the range of approximately 0.01 to approximately 1 s(-1) from a fit to the relative film front distance traveled versus time data. The fit is based on a time-dependent expression for the surface (interface) excess for desorption kinetics. Such flow suggests that purposeful creation of interfacial tension gradients may aid in the transfer of 2- and 3-dimensional assemblies, made with nanostructures at the liquid-liquid interface, to solid surfaces.
Anemia among HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: Improvement in Hemoglobin regardless of Degree of Immunosuppression and the Initiating ART Regimen (2013)

Among those with HIV, anemia is a strong risk factor for disease progression and death independent of CD4 count and viral load. Understanding the role of anemia in HIV treatment is critical to developing strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality. We conducted a prospective analysis among 10,259 HIV-infected adults initiating first-line ART between April 2004 and August 2009 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The prevalence of anemia at ART initiation was 25.8%. Mean hemoglobin increased independent of baseline CD4. Females, lower BMI, WHO stage III/IV, lower CD4 count, and zidovudine use were associated with increased risk of developing anemia during follow-up. After initiation of ART, hemoglobin improved, regardless of regimen type and the degree of immunosuppression. Between 0 and 6 months on ART, the magnitude of hemoglobin increase was linearly related to CD4 count. However, between 6 and 24 months on ART, hemoglobin levels showed a sustained overall increase, the magnitude of which was similar regardless of baseline CD4 level. This increase in hemoglobin was seen even among patients on zidovudine containing regimens. Since low hemoglobin is an established adverse prognostic marker, prompt identification of anemia may result in improved morbidity and mortality of patients initiating ART.