gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rule-based constraint propagation : theory and applications (2004)

AA number of people have contributed to existence and content of this dissertation.II take this opportunity to thank them.Krzysztoff Apt encouraged me to pursue a PhD four years ago and has been my mentorr since then.Throughout this time, he provided support in various ways, scientificc guidance and good advice.Striving to find the right level of abstraction whenn dealing with a scientific problem is among the multitude of things I learned fromm him.Eric Monfroy hosted me in Nantes for three months, which resulted in aa joint paper and a major advance of my French.One thing I appreciate about himm is that he can always come up with a different perspective or an intriguing questionn on a scientific issue.Rosella Gennari, who was my office mate for the firstfirst years, has always been willing to share her insights with me, whether it wass about issues of science or of academic life.I am immensely grateful for her variouss contributions to this dissertation.Among them is a joint paper with her andd Maarten de Rijke; I am thankful to both for this instructive collaboration.Willemm Jan van Hoeve's most appreciated contribution to my education is his well-conducted,, private inburgeringscursus (immigration course).His company inn these years has been a definite bonus.Finally, I am thankful for the help of Evelinee Visser, whose most visible contributions are the correction of at least some off my English, and the substantial assistance in writing the Dutch summary.Whilee I owe gratitude to many more people, I prefer
Developed urban air quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks (2011)

Air pollution is one of environmental issues that have been often discussed. The fast-growing population and urbanization result in the population concentrated in certain areas. Heavy transportation may lead to poor air quality, and inhaling pollutants for a long time also causes damages in human health. A traditional air quality monitoring method is to build air quality monitoring stations, but this method is expensive and provides low resolution sensing data. In addition, monitoring stations are generally less densely deployed. This paper proposed an urban air quality monitoring system based on the wireless sensor network (WSN) technology and integrated with the global system for mobile communications. The system consists of sensor node, a gateway, and a back-end platform controlled by the LabVIEW program through which sensing data can be stored in a database. This system is deployed to the main roads in the Taipei city to monitor the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration caused by vehicle emissions. The experimental results show that the proposed system can provide micro-scale air quality monitoring in real-time through the WSN technology.
Studies of the polymerization of diallyl compounds. XIX. Further discussion of the cyclocopolymerizations of diallyl phthalate with monovinyl monomers by the use of the model compounds (1973)

Abstract In the cyclocopolymerizations of diallyl phthalate (DAP) with monovinyl monomers the reactivity ratio of the cyclized radical, r c , was smaller than that of the uncyclized radical, r 1 ; this was ascribed to steric hindrance in the addition reaction of the cyclized radical with DAP. In this paper, the validity of the values of r c and r 1 is discussed on the basis of model experiments, i.e., the copolymerization of DAP in dilute solution corresponding to r c and that of allyl propyl phthalate, to r 1 . The copolymerizations of methyl allyl phthalate and allyl octyl phthalate with vinyl acetate are also presented.
The variance of discounted Markov decision processes (1982)

Formulae are presented for the variance and higher moments of the present value of single-stage rewards in a finite Markov decision process. Similar formulae are exhibited for a semi-Markov decision process. There is a short discussion of the obstacles to using the variance formula in algorithms to maximize the mean minus a multiple of the standard deviation.
alpha 1-Antitrypsin- and anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells (1993)

alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACHY) are closely related protease inhibitors, synthesized primarily by the liver, which play major roles in modulation of the inflammatory response. Previously, we had shown that MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were able to synthesize active alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-ACHY and that the synthesis of both inhibitors varied among different MCF-7 sublines. We now show that when MCF-7(ML) cells (a subline synthesizing low levels of alpha 1-AT) are grown in soft agar in medium depleted of its trypsin inhibitory capacity (i.e. alpha 1-AT-free), addition of alpha 1-AT (50 micrograms/ml) significantly reduces colony formation in both the presence and absence of estradiol (34% and 44%, respectively). Under these conditions, incubation with 10(-7) M estradiol alone increased colony formation 2- to 3-fold. Colony formation was also significantly reduced by serum leukocyte protease inhibitor, which, like alpha 1-AT, is a potent inhibitor of elastase-like enzymes. We also found that a variety of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and steroid hormones are able to stimulate synthesis of alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-ACHY by MCF-7 cells. Stimulation by interleukin-6 (IL-6; 200 U/ml), epidermal growth factor (4 nM), and estradiol (10(-7) M) was 2- to 3-fold, whereas stimulations by tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA; 80 nM) and IL-1 (10 U/ml) were 2- to 5-fold and 5- to 10-fold, respectively. In each instance, protein synthesis, monitored by immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled proteins followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and steady state mRNA levels, monitored by Northern blot analysis with specific cDNA probes, increased to the same extent. Consistent with their ability to stimulate alpha 1-AT synthesis, TPA and IL-1 reduced colony formation in the absence of estradiol by 65% and 63%, respectively. In addition, the effects of both TPA and IL-1 could be reversed by antibody to alpha 1-AT. These results suggest that local synthesis of alpha 1-AT and possibly other protease inhibitors may be important in regulating the tumorigenic potential of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Digital Active Gate Drives using sequential optimization (2016)

This paper presents a digital Active Gate Drive (AGD) methodology for power semiconductor devices. The inherent latency limitation of digital signal processing systems is addressed by a sequential optimization procedure that uses voltage and current signals recorded at the previous switching edge to develop an optimized gate drive waveform for the next switching edge. Experimental results using a half-bridge circuit operating at 180 V/100 A show that the proposed scheme is capable of minimizing switching losses whilst constraining the overvoltage peaks occurring at turn-on and turn-off to as low as 200 V and 300 V respectively.
Viruses, stemness, embryogenesis, and cancer: a miracle leap toward molecular definition of novel oncotargets for therapy-resistant malignant tumors? (2015)

Recent breakthrough studies documented consistent activation of specific endogenous retroviruses in human embryonic stem cells and preimplantation human embryos and demonstrated the essential role of the sustained retroviral activities for maintenance of pluripotency and embryonic stem cell identity. Present analysis has led to the hypothesis that activation of the human stem cell-associated retroviruses (SCARs), namely LTR7/HERVH and LTR5_Hs/HERVK, is likely associated with the emergence of clinically lethal therapy resistant death-from-cancer phenotypes in a sub-set of cancer patients diagnosed with different types of malignant tumors.
Collaborative Pedestrian Mapping of Buildings Using Inertial Sensors and FootSLAM (2011)

The FeetSLAM technique builds on iterative processing of multiple sets of pedestrian odometry data, based on Foot- SLAM. The objective is to obtain maps of large areas based on many data sets. The central idea is that maps originating from other data sets are used as a so-called prior map for a given data set. We show that this follows from the optimal FeetSLAM derivation but is more suited to practical computation limitations such as limited memory. It also yields maps which are not overly dominated by one data set but rather balances the characteristics of each with the effect of averaging out errors. Over iterations, FootSLAM maps are gradually combined to yield a high-accuracy global map - the iteration speed is controlled by employing concepts from simulated annealing. We validate our approach using two data sets from two locations, consisting of four and five walks respectively.
Pd-Catalyzed Spirocyclization via C–H Activation and Benzyne Insertion (2016)

A palladium-catalyzed spirocyclization forming spirooxindoles and spirodihydrobenzofurans has been achieved. Mechanistic studies suggest that the transformation proceeds through sequential carbopalladation, C-H activation, and benzyne insertion. Both classes of spirocycles have been synthesized in good to excellent yields, and the procedure is readily scalable.
The evidence for complementary medicines (2012)

The vast majority of complementary medicines are classified by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) as listed medicines (labelled AUST L). Consumers need to be aware of the limitations of an AUST L label. Unlike registered medicines (labelled AUST R) there is no pre-market assessment of listed products. Sponsors self-certify that the ingredients are picked from a TGA approved list; that the products are manufactured in accord with good manufacturing practice (GMP) and they hold evidence supporting the claims made. Only limited post-marketing reviews are performed by the TGA.
Synthesis of esters derived from 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-methylglucoside (2012)

2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl--D-methylglucoside was prepared and reacted with several acids: benzoic, phenylacetic, 2-(3-bromo-propoxy)-benzoic, acetylsalicylic and 4-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)benzoic. The products were isolated with low to fair yields and fully characterized by usual analytical techniques.
Hybrid Solar Cells from P3HT and Silicon Nanocrystals (2008)

We are reporting new hybrid solar cells based on blends of silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) and poly-3(hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer in which a percolating network of the nanocrystals acts as the electron-conducting phase. The properties of composite Si NCs/P3HT devices made by spin-coating Si NCs and P3HT from a common solvent were studied as a function of Si NC size and Si NC/P3HT ratio. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are observed to depend on the Si NC size due to changes in the bandgap and surface-area-to-volume ratio. Under simulated one-sun A.M. 1.5 direct illumination (100 mW/cm2), devices made with 35 wt % Si NCs 3-5 nm in size showed 1.15% power conversion efficiency.
Brain SPECT in neurology and psychiatry. (2001)

Structural and functional images of the brain play an important role as powerful adjuncts in the management of an increasing number of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. Brain SPECT, in particular, with perfusion agents or with neuroreceptor imaging radiopharmaceuticals, is rapidly becoming a clinical tool in many places. For many neurologic and psychiatric conditions, this imaging modality has been used in diagnosis, prognosis assessment, evaluation of response to therapy, risk stratification, detection of benign or malignant viable tissue, and choice of medical or surgical therapy. The importance of this technique in nuclear medicine today should not be overlooked, particularly in cerebrovascular diseases, dementias, epilepsy, head injury, malignant brain tumors, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, depression, panic disorder, and drug abuse.
Ionic mechanism of electrical alternans (2002)

Although alternans of action potential duration (APD) is a robust feature of the rapidly paced canine ventricle, currently available ionic models of cardiac myocytes do not recreate this phenomenon. To address this problem, we developed a new ionic model using formulations of currents based on previous models and recent experimental data. Compared with existing models, the inward rectifier K + current ( I K1 ) was decreased at depolarized potentials, the maximum conductance and rectification of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K + current ( I Kr ) were increased, and I Kr activation kinetics were slowed. The slow component of the delayed rectifier K + current ( I Ks ) was increased in magnitude and activation shifted to less positive voltages, and the L-type Ca 2+ current ( I Ca ) was modified to produce a smaller, more rapidly inactivating current. Finally, a simplified form of intracellular calcium dynamics was adopted. In this model, APD alternans occurred at cycle lengths = 150–210 ms, with a maximum alternans amplitude of 39 ms. APD alternans was suppressed by decreasing I Ca magnitude or calcium-induced inactivation and by increasing the magnitude of I K1 , I Kr , or I Ks . These results establish an ionic basis for APD alternans, which should facilitate the development of pharmacological approaches to eliminating alternans.
Enzymatic interesterification of olive oil with fully hydrogenated palm oil: Characterization of fats (2008)

Abstract Seven different reaction products were prepared via enzymatic interesterification of extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO), by varying the initial weight ratio of EVOO to FHPO from 80 : 20 to 20 : 80. The chemical, physical and functional properties of both the semi‐solid reaction products and the corresponding physical blends of the precursor starting materials were characterized. Fats prepared using large proportions of FHPO contained high levels of TAG species containing only saturated fatty acid residues. By contrast, high levels of TAG species containing both saturated and unsaturated fatty acid residues were found in fat products obtained with the lowest proportions of FHPO. Independently of the initial weight ratio of EVOO to FHPO, the interesterified products were characterized by a higher molar ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid residues at the sn ‐2 position, were softer over a wide temperature range, exhibited lower oxidative stabilities and were completely melted at lower temperatures than the corresponding physical blends. Potential applications of the reaction products range from margarines (highest weight ratios of EVOO to FHPO) to frying fats (lowest weight ratios of EVOO to FHPO).
Rescue of Rous Sarcoma Virus from Virogenic Mammalian Cells Associated with Chicken Cells and Treated with Sendai Virus (1969)

Summary The rescue of Rous sarcoma virus in mixed cultures of virogenic Chinese hamster cells transformed by sr-RSV (RSCh cells) and chick fibroblasts treated with Sendai virus was studied. When the ratio of RSCh to chick fibroblasts was 1:64, or less, the amount of rescued Rous sarcoma virus decreased proportionately with the dilution of RSCh cells. Over this range treatment with Sendai virus increased rescue of Rous sarcoma virus 100 times as compared with untreated cell mixtures. About 600 RSCh cells were necessary for obtaining 1 f.f.u. of Rous sarcoma virus under these conditions. No infectious virus was found in tissue culture fluid or extracts from RSCh cells when both were incubated with chick embryo cells which afterwards underwent treatment with Sendai virus. Using different conditions of incubation after treatment of cell mixtures with Sendai virus, a varying frequency of heterokaryon formation was obtained. There was good correlation between heterokaryon formation and rescue of Rous sarcoma virus measured in parallel cultures. The effect of Sendai virus on mixtures of chick embryo and RSCh cells under various conditions was examined by electron microscopy.
T<scp>HE</scp>P<scp>OTENTIAL OF</scp>B<scp>IOMASS</scp>F<scp>UELS IN</scp>T<scp>HE</scp>C<scp>ONTEXT OF</scp>G<scp>LOBAL</scp>C<scp>LIMATE</scp>C<scp>HANGE</scp>: Focus on Transportation Fuels (2000)

▪ Abstract An ultimate limit on the extent that biomass fuels can be used to displace fossil transportation fuels, and their associated emissions of CO 2 , will be the land area available to produce the fuels and the efficiencies by which solar radiation can be converted to useable fuels. Currently, the Brazil cane-ethanol system captures 33% of the primary energy content in harvested cane in the form of ethanol. The US corn-ethanol system captures 54% of the primary energy of harvested corn kernels in the form of ethanol. If ethanol is used to substitute for gasoline, avoided fossil fuel CO 2 emissions would equal those of the substituted amount minus fossil emissions incurred in producing the cane- or corn-ethanol. In this case, avoided emissions are estimated to be 29% of harvested cane and 14% of harvested corn primary energy. Unless these efficiencies are substantially improved, the displacement of CO 2 emissions from transportation fuels in the United States is unlikely to reach 10% using domestic biofuels. Candidate technologies for improving these efficiencies include fermentation of cellulosic biomass and conversion of biomass into electricity, hydrogen, or alcohols for use in electric drive-train vehicles.
Silicon photodiode device with 100% external quantum efficiency (1983)

A device utilizing four inversion layer photodiodes in a light-trapping arrangement was constructed and tested. The device was found to have a photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 0.999 for short wavelength and low power visible radiation. It was found that applying a reverse bias voltage extended the high quantum efficiency response over the entire visible spectrum and up to the highest radiant power level studied (several milliwatts). Several radiometrically important characteristics were studied and the results presented: spectral reflectance; polarization sensitivity; quantum efficiency vs wavelength, photon flux density, and reverse bias voltage; and dark current vs reverse bias.
Development and Assessment of A Diagnostic Tool to Identify Organic Chemistry Students’ Alternative Conceptions Related to Acid Strength (2012)

The central goal of this study was to create a new diagnostic tool to identify organic chemistry students’ alternative conceptions related to acid strength. Twenty years of research on secondary and college students’ conceptions about acids and bases has shown that these important concepts are difficult for students to apply to qualitative problem solving. Yet, few published studies document how students’ prior knowledge of acids influences their understanding of acid strength in organic chemistry contexts. We developed a nine-item multiple-tier, multiple-choice concept inventory to identify alternative conceptions that organic chemistry students hold about acid strength, to determine the prevalence of these conceptions, and to determine how strongly these conceptions bias student reasoning. We identified two significant alternative conceptions that organic chemistry students hold about acid strength. Students who answered items incorrectly were more confident about their answers than peers who answered items correctly, suggesting that after one semester of organic chemistry, students do not know what they do not know. Implications for the teaching of acid strength are discussed.
The Cycling Performance of Graphite Electrode Coated with Tin Oxide for Lithium Ion Battery (2002)

졸-겔법을 이용하여 주석산화물을 흑연입자 표면에 도포하고 <TEX>$400-600^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 열처리하여 미세결정구조를 갖는 리튬이온 전지용 주석산화물 전극을 제조하였다. 도포 된 주석산화물의 양은 <TEX>$2.25 wt\%\~11.1 wt\%$</TEX>로 조절하여 실험한 결과 주석산 화물의 함량에 따라 방전용량이 증가하고 또한 초기의 비가역 용랑도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 싸이클에 따른 주석 산화물 전극의 방전용량은 propylene carbonate(PC) 계 전해액에서도 초기 싸이클에서 350mAh/g 이상, 30 싸이클 후 에서는 300mAh/g을 나타낸 반면, 표면개질이 되지 않은 흑연전극의 경우에는 140mAh/g의 방전용량을 나타내었다. 충방전 속도를 C/5에서 C/2로 빠르게 했을 때 주석산화물 전극과 흑연전극의 방전용량은 초기 용량의 <TEX>$92\%,\;77\%$</TEX>로 각각 나타났다. 이러한 전극 특성의 향상은 주석산화물이 리튬이온과 반응하여 형성된 리튬 옥사이드<TEX>$(Li_2O)$</TEX>부동태 피막이 흑연전극의 탈리 현상을 막고 또한 환원된 주석이 흑연입자간의 전기전도를 원활하게 하여 전극의 전류분포를 향상시키기 때문인 것으로 해석되었다. Tin oxide was coated on graphite particle by sol-gel method and an electrode with this material having microcrystalline structure for lithium ion battery was obtained by heat treatment in the range <TEX>$400-600^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The content of tin oxide was controlled within the range of <TEX>$2.25wt\%\~11.1wt\%$</TEX>. The discharge capacity increased with the content of tin oxide and also initial irreversible capacity increased. The discharge capacity of tin oxide electrode showed more than 350 mAh/g at the initial cycle and 300 mAh/g after the 30th cycle in propylene carbonate(PC) based electrolyte whereas graphite electrode without surface modification showed 140 mAh/g. When the charge and discharge rate was changed from C/5 to C/2, The discharge capacity of tin oxide and graphite electrode showed <TEX>$92\%\;and\;77\%$</TEX> of initial capacity, respectively. It has been considered that such an enhancement of electrode characteristics was caused because lithium <TEX>$oxide(Li_2O)$</TEX> passive film formed from the reaction between tin oxide and lithium ion prevented the exfoliation of graphite electrode and also reduced tin enhanced the electrical conduction between graphite particles to improve the current distribution of electrode.
On the Weighted-Average Relationship Between Plasma Glucose and HbA1c (2006)

Tahara and colleagues (1–3) have reported results of experimental investigations concluding a relationship between plasma glucose level and HbA1c (A1C), defined as \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[H(t){=}K {{\int}_{0}^{t}}W(t{-}{\zeta})G({\zeta})d{\zeta}\] \end{document} Their expression for W(s ) is \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[W(s){=}{\{} \begin{array}{l}2(T {-} s)/T^{2},0{\leq}s{\leq}T\\{ }{ }{ }0, s{>}T\end{array}\] \end{document}

The experimental mean fasting plasma glucose (MFPG) results reported in ref. 1 were analytically modeled and then used to determine the corresponding mean A1C curve (Eq. 1). Excellent correlation was obtained between experimental mean A1C and analytical A1C curves. The specific curve for MFPG is \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[G(t){=}G\_{s}{+}G\_{d} exp({-}{\gamma}t)\] \end{document} where γ is constant …
Directed Evolution of an Amine Oxidase Possessing both Broad Substrate Specificity and High Enantioselectivity (2003)

Evolving enzymes: Directed evolution of the amine oxidase from Aspergillus niger, by using (S)-α-methylbenzylamine as the target substrate, resulted in a variant enzyme (Asn336Ser) possessing both broad substrate specificity and high S enantioselectivity towards a wide range of chiral amines (see scheme).