gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Multilayered Sn/Ag<sub>3</sub>Sn Electroplating on Cu Alloys for Electric Connectors (2014)

The anti-corrosion performances of multilayered Sn/Ag 3 Sn films with Ag thickness of 50 nm on Cu alloy materials were evaluated through a sulfidizing test in (NH 4 ) 2 S x solutions and an aging test at 473 K up to 2000 h, comparing with a commercial pure Ag film and a conventional reflowed Sn film on Cu alloy materials. The multilayered Sn/Ag 3 Sn films succeeded in the accelerated sulfidizing test, with unchanged appearance and stable electrical contact resistance, even after immersion in a 0.2 ml/L (NH 4 ) 2 S x solution for 120 h. Moreover, the multilayered Sn/Ag 3 Sn films exhibited low and stable electrical contact resistances equivalent to as-plated samples even after heating at 473 K for 2000 h. The excellent corrosion resistance of the multilayered Sn/Ag 3 Sn films can be mainly ascribed to the chemical stable Ag 3 Sn covered with a thin Sn oxide film and the inward Ag diffusion that suppressing outward Cu diffusion during aging.
SOCRATES simulation of the emission at wavelength 6300 A generated by the interaction between the atmosphere and the Space Shuttle exhaust (1993)

The SOCRATES contamination-interaction code has been used to simulate the reactions between the space shuttle exhaust and the atmosphere at an altitude of 320 km. The investigation carries out the simulations for regions extending to 15 km from spacecraft. These simulations calculate the radiation from O(D1) - O(P3) photons as function of time for orientations of engine firing into the ram, perpendicular, and into the wake of the shuttle motion. The IRMA plotting program has been used to depict in color the time development of the shuttle plume.
New approaches to adjacent channel interference suppression in FDMA/TDMA mobile radio systems (2000)

The capacity and signal quality of wireless communication systems can be improved by enhancing receiver performance in the presence of adjacent channel interference (ACI), In this paper, maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receivers based on joint demodulation and successive cancellation of adjacent channel signals are developed. The proposed receivers provide significant improvement in performance over a wide range of carrier-to-interference ratios. To provide coherent reception, novel channel estimation techniques are used, exploiting knowledge of the transmit and receive filter responses. Performance is evaluated and compared via simulation for the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) digital cellular system.
Dense Nanoparticulate Thin Films via Gold Nanoparticle Self-Assembly (2002)

Nanoparticle self-assembly onto polyelectrolyte-coated surfaces is exploited to produce dense nanoparticulate thin films on both planar and spherical substrates (the Figure shows a coated polystyrene sphere). A new type of ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticle is used to produce these films in a single step. An attractive feature of these nanoparticles is that the ligand can be removed by simply washing with water.
Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair (2000)

Peripheral nerve injuries are common, and there is no easily available formula for successful treatment. Incomplete injuries are most frequent. Seddon classified nerve injuries into three categories: neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neu-rotmesis. After complete axonal transection, the neuron undergoes a number of degenerative processes, followed by attempts at regeneration. A distal growth cone seeks out connections with the degenerated distal fiber. The current surgical standard is epineurial repair with nylon suture. To span gaps that primary repair cannot bridge without excessive tension, nerve-cable interfascicular autografts are employed. Unfortunately, results of nerve repair to date have been no better than fair, with only 50% of patients regaining useful function. There is much ongoing research regarding pharmacologic agents, immune system modulators, enhancing factors, and entubulation chambers. Clinically applicable developments from these investigations will continue to improve the results of treatment of nerve injuries.
History of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (2011)

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is an established neuromodulation approach that has been successfully used for the treatment of various painful conditions since the early 1960s. This review provides a comprehensive summary of relevant publications on PNS dividing its history into three distinct periods. The milestones of the field are related to the development of procedures, equipment and indications. As the most rapidly growing segment of operative neuromodulation, PNS continues to evolve as current and emerging clinical indications become matched by basic and clinical research, technological developments and procedural refinements.
Wagner's Lohengrin: The Genesis of the Act I Finale (1996)

Several draft documents of Wagner's 'Lohengrin' pertaining to the Act I Finale are analysed. They reveal the compositional processes and alterations involved in composing the final score of the Act.
Hopfield Model Applied to Vowel and Consonant Discrimination (1986)

A Hopfield model of 120 ‘‘neurons’’ has been simulated on an LDSP (Lincoln Digital Signal Processor). The model has been applied to the study of problems in automatic discrimination of vowels and consonants. In the first problem, a spectral cross section was extracted by performing a fast Fourier transform on a 20 ms segment from the steady state portion of the vowel in a single syllable word. The spectrum was then smoothed and a one‐bit gradient measure applied at 120 frequency values, thus obtaining an assigned state for that vowel. This procedure was repeated until eight such assigned states were obtained. From this data, the connection matrix Tij was obtained using the associative equation, Tij=Σ7s=0xsixsj Each xsi was the component of one of the assigned states.
Computation of the incipient equilibrium carbon dioxide hydrate formation conditions in aqueous electrolyte solutions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputation of the incipient equilibrium carbon dioxide hydrate formation conditions in aqueous electrolyte solutionsPeter EnglezosCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 9, 2232–2237Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00009a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00009a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design impacts on NAND Flash memory core circuits with vertical MOSFETs (2010)

By utilizing the vertical MOSFETs advantages, the compact, efficient, and low-power peripheral core circuit design for the NAND Flash memory has been proposed.
Resistance to human serum of gonococci in urethral exudates is reduced by neuraminidase (1990)

Gonococci examined directly from urethral exudates are resistant to killing by human serum, but most strains become susceptible on subculture. Previous work with gonococci grown in vitro indicates that resistance in vivo is due to sialylation of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by a host factor, cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) or a related compound present in urogenital secretions and blood cells including phagocytes, which exude during inflammation. This sialylation inhibits the reaction between bactericidal IgM in serum and its target LPS sites. Here, we confirm the indication by using gonococci grown in vivo. Crucial to the above conclusions was the marked reduction of CMP-NANA-conferred serum resistance when gonococci were treated with neuraminidase to remove sialyl groups from their LPS. We now show that the serum resistance of gonococci in urethral exudates was reduced by treatment with neuraminidase from more than 95% (calculated in relation to controls incubated with heated serum) to 2-11% according to sample and incubation time. Subculture of the gonococci also reduced resistance to 9-11% but resistance was restored to more than 95% by incubation with CMP-NANA. This work is the culmination of an investigation that underlines the need to identify specific host factors and the virulence determinants they induce in vivo in future studies of pathogenicity.
Improving big plans (1998)

Past research on assessing and improving plans in domains that contain uncertainty has focused on analytic techniques that are exponential in the length of the plan. Little work has been done on choosing from among the many ways in which a plan can be improved. We present the Improve algorithm which simulates the execution of large, probabilistic plans. Improve runs a data mining algorithm on the execution traces to pinpoint defects in the plan that most often lead to plan failure. Finally, Improve applies qualitative reasoning and plan adaptation algorithms to modify the plan to correct these defects. We have tested Improve on plans containing over 250 steps in an evacuation domain, produced by a domain-specific scheduling routine. In these experiments, the modified plans have over a 15% higher probability of achieving their goal than the original plan. Introduction Large, complex domains call for large, robust plans. However, today&apos;s state-of-the-art planning algorithms cannot eff...
Biochemical Genetics of the  -Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes of Escherichia coli K12: Isolation and Biochemical Properties of Deletion Mutants (1977)

Mutants of Escherichia coli K12 with deletions in the nadC-lpd region of the chromosome were obtained for use in studies on the expression of the ace (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, specific components) and lpd (lipomide dehydrogenase) genes. These were isolated by selecting spontaneous aroP mutants (lacking the general aromatic amino-acid permease and thus resistant to inhibitory aromatic amino-acid analogues) and screening for auxotrophy due to deletions extending into neighbouring genes. From 2892 isolates tested, the AroP- phenotypes of 2322 were confirmed and, of these, 28 stable and independently-derived auxotrophos were designated as deletion mutants. Six nutritionally-distinct categories were recognized: Nad- (8 strains); Nad-Ace-(7): Nad-'Ace-' (3); Ace- (8); 'Ace-' (I); Lpd-(I). The Ace- phenotypes of four isolates designated 'Ace-' were leaky and enzymological studies confirmed that they had less than 7% of parental pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. Enzymological studies showed that the 15 Ace- or Nad-Ace- strains all lacked the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate dehydrogenase (EIp) activities and only three retained detectable dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2p). The one Lpd- strain lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) activities as well as the activities of the pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. The results confirmed the gene order nadC-aroP-aceE-aceF-lpd and indicated that no other essential functions are determined by genes within the nadC-lpd region. Resistance to lactate during growth of pps mutants on acetate was directly related to the specific activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. None of the deletions promoted the high degree of resistance characteristically associated with constitutive expression of the dehydrogenase complex. Six pps mutants having Ace+ or 'Ace-' phenotypes were more sensitive than the parental strains and expression of their ace operons appeared to be affected; most sensitive were the Ace- strains which lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase activities. The lipoamide dehydrogenase activities of the deletion strains (Lpd+) ranged between 30% and 100% of parental levels indicating that expression of their ace operons appeared to be affected; most sensitive were the Ace- strains which lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase activities. The lipoamide dehydrogenase activities of the deletion strains (Lpd+) ranged between 30% and 100% of parental levels indicating that expression of the lpd gene may be affected by the ace operon but can be independent.
Analytical Methods for Lipases Activity Determination: A Review (2012)

The increasing industrial demand for lipases has lead to the identification of new sources of enzymes with unique properties and generated a great interest in applying rapid, reliable, specific, selective, and sensitive analytical methods for evaluating their catalytic activity. This work offers a professional look on the achievements and the emerging strategies for lipases activity determination, involving volumetry, spectrometry, radioactive assays, immunoassays, conductimetry, chromatography, and biosensors. The principle, the advantages, and the deficiencies of each of these methods are addressed in detail. Keywords: Analytical methods, biosensors, catalytic activity, conductimetry, chromatography, immunoassays, lipase, radioactive assays, spectrometry, volumetry, Spectrometry, Radioactive assays, Immunoassays, Conductimetry, Chromatography, Biosensors, Colorimetry, Fluorometry
Expanding our Understanding of Polyglutamine Disease Through Transgenic Mice (2001)

Knowing the mutational basis of a disease does not always explain the mechanism of pathogenesis, particularly when little is known about the disease-associated proteins themselves. This is very likely to be an ever-growing problem in the genomics era. The polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat disorders are an intriguing example of such a scientific dilemma. These human diseases presently include the spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7), Huntington disease (HD), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) (1). With the exception of SBMA and SCA6, due to the expansion of a polyQ in the androgen receptor and alpha1A voltage-dependent calcium channel, respectively, the wild-type function of the gene products are not understood. While the cloning of the polyQ genes has provided important genetic information, the biochemical mechanism responsible for each was not readily apparent. To gain insight into the molecular basis of polyQ-induced pathogenesis, investigators have turned to the development and characterization of disease models. Transgenic mice, in combination with cell culture models, have proven to be very useful tools for elucidating factors important for polyQ pathogenesis. This review focuses on those polyQ diseases for which informative studies have been undertaken using transgenic mice. For each disease, relevant information gleaned from other experimental approaches is also incorporated into the discussion.
Strategies for living (1998)

Alison Faulkner, manager of a new user-led research project, describes how users’ experiences and views can change the emphasis in mental health services
ECG baseline drift correction through phase space for simple R-point detection (2012)

Baseline wandering interference causes inaccurate detection of electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics such as the R point. In this paper an alternative approach for correction of the ECG baseline wandering for R-point detection is presented. The baseline wandering is corrected in the phase space where the ECG is reconstructed by using the first derivative of the signal. After correction in the phase space a simple thresholding can be used for the correct detection of R points. The method is evaluated on signals from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. Results show that the method is effective in removing baseline wandering from the ECG and detecting the R points by a simple fixed threshold.
Modeling and Simulation of a Helicopter Slung Load Stabilization Device (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of simulation and stabilization of the yaw motions of a cargo container slung load. The study configuration is a UH-60 helicopter carrying a 6ft x 6 ft x 8 ft CONEX container. This load is limited to 60 KIAS in operations and flight testing indicates that it starts spinning in hover and that spin rate increases with airspeed. The simulation reproduced the load yaw motions seen in the flight data after augmenting the load model with terms representing unsteady load yaw moment effects acting to reinforce load oscillations, and augmenting the hook model to include yaw resistance at the hook. The use of a vertical fin to stabilize the load is considered. Results indicate that the CONEX airspeed can be extended to 110 kts using a 3x5 ft fin.
4-Substituted-2,3,5-pyrrolidinetriones (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-Substituted-2,3,5-pyrrolidinetrionesE. G. Howard, Alex Kotch, R. V. Lindsey Jr., and R. E. PutnamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 15, 3924–3928Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01548a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01548a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Localization of atherosclerosis susceptibility loci to chromosomes 4 and 6 using the <i>Ldlr</i> knockout mouse model (2001)

Atherosclerosis is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of multiple genes. We have used the Ldlr knockout mouse model in an interspecific genetic cross to map atherosclerosis susceptibility loci. A total of 174 (MOLF/Ei x B6.129S7-Ldlr(tm1Her)) x C57BL/6J-Ldlr(tm1Her) backcross mice, homozygous for the Ldlr null allele, were fed a Western-type diet for 3 months and then killed for quantification of aortic lesions. A genome scan was carried out by using DNA pools and microsatellite markers spaced at approximately 18-centimorgan intervals. Quantitative trait locus analysis of individual backcross mice confirmed linkages to chromosomes 4 (Athsq1, logarithm of odds = 6.2) and 6 (Athsq2, logarithm of odds = 6.7). Athsq1 affected lesions in females only whereas Athsq2 affected both sexes. Among females, the loci accounted for approximately 50% of the total variance of lesion area. The susceptible allele at Athsq1 was derived from the MOLF/Ei genome whereas the susceptible allele at Athsq2 was derived from C57BL/6J. Inheritance of susceptible alleles at both loci conferred a 2-fold difference in lesion area, suggesting an additive effect of Athsq1 and Athsq2. No associations were observed between the quantitative trait loci and levels of plasma total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, or body weight. We provide strong evidence for complex inheritance of atherosclerosis in mice with elevated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol and show a major influence of nonlipoprotein-related factors on disease susceptibility. Athsq1 and Athsq2 represent candidate susceptibility loci for human atherosclerosis, most likely residing on chromosomes 1p36--32 and 12p13--12, respectively.
Acute Flaccid Myelitis Among Children — Washington, September<b>–</b>November 2016 (2017)

In October 2016, Seattle Children's Hospital notified the Washington State Department of Health (DOH) and CDC of a cluster of acute onset of limb weakness in children aged ≤14 years. All patients had distinctive spinal lesions largely restricted to gray matter detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), consistent with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). On November 3, DOH issued a health advisory to local health jurisdictions requesting that health care providers report similar cases. By January 24, 2017, DOH and CDC had confirmed 10 cases of AFM and excluded two suspected cases among residents of Washington during September-November 2016. Upper respiratory tract, stool, rectal, serum, buccal, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were tested for multiple pathogens. Hypothesis-generating interviews were conducted with patients or their parents to determine commonalities between cases. No common etiology or source of exposure was identified. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing detected enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in nasopharyngeal swabs of two patients, one of whom also tested positive for adenovirus by PCR, and detected enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) in the stool of a third patient. Mycoplasma spp. immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer was elevated in two patients, but both had upper respiratory swabs that tested negative for Mycoplasma spp. by PCR. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for AFM and report cases as soon as possible to state or local health departments.
Bacteriophage φ6: a Lipid-Containing Virus of <i>Pseudomonas phaseolicola</i> (1973)

The purification and properties of a lipid-containing bacteriophage, phi6, are described. The phage contains a lipid envelope which is probably essential for infection. Infectivity of phi6 was lost in the presence of organic solvents, sodium deoxycholate, and phospholipase A. The fatty acid composition of the phage lipid was similar to that of the Pseudomonas phaseolicola host cells. The phage was composed of about 25% lipid, 13% RNA, and 62% protein. The buoyant density of phi6 was 1.27 g/ml in cesium chloride. The morphology of phi6 was unusual; it had a polyhedral head of about 60 nm surrounded by a membranous, compressible envelope which appeared to assume an elongated configuration upon attachment to pili. The adsorption rate constant was 3.3 x 10(-10) ml/min in a semi-synthetic medium and 3.8 x 10(-10) ml/min in a nutrient broth-yeast extract medium. The latent period was shorter in the former medium (80-115 min compared with 120-160 min), and the average burst size was larger (250-400 compared with 125-150). The eclipse period coincided with the latent period.