gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Take-Off from Satellite Orbit (1953)

The mass ratio or the characteristic velocity for the take-off of a space ship from the satellite orbit is computed for two cases: the radial thrust, and the circumferential thrust. The circumferential thrust is much more efficient in that the required mass ratio is much less than for the radial thrust. Both cases show, however, an increase of the required mass ratio and the characteristic velocity with a reduction in acceleration. With circumferential thrust, the characteristic velocity increases by a factor of two, when the acceleration is reduced from 1/2 g to 1/3000 g.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Regulates the Stability of c-Jun in HEK293 Cells (2007)

The 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) normally functions as a molecular chaperone participating in folding and stabilizing newly synthesized proteins, and refolding denatured proteins. The HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) occupies the ATP/ADP binding pocket of HSP90 so inhibits its chaperone activity and causes subsequent degradation of HSP90 client proteins by proteasomes. Here we show that GA reduces the level of endogenous c-Jun in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells in a time and dose dependent manner, and that this decrease can be reversed by transfection of HSP90 plasmids. Transfection of HSP90 plasmids in the absence of GA increases the level of endogenous c-Jun protein, but has no obvious affect on c-Jun mRNA levels. We also showed that HSP90 prolongs the half-life of c-Jun by stabilizing the protein; the proteasome inhibitor N-benzoyloxy-carbonyl (Z)-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG132) blocks the degradation of c-Jun promoted by GA. Transfection of HSP90 plasmids did not obviously alter phosphorylation of c-Jun, and a Jun-2 luciferase activity assay indicated that over-expression of HSP90 elevated the total protein activity of c-Jun in HEK293 cells. All our evidence indicates that HSP90 stabilizes c-Jun protein, and so increases the total activity of c-Jun in HEK293 cells.
Relative dosimetry in a 1.5 T magnetic field: an MR-linac compatible prototype scanning water phantom (2014)

The MR-linac is a hybrid MRI radiotherapy system allowing dose delivery in a 1.5 T magnetic field. This paper presents the design and performance of a prototype MR-linac compatible scanning water phantom. Since a scanning water phantom requires dose detectors, the performance air-filled ionization chambers in the magnetic field was characterized. We have found that the linearity and reproducibility of an ionization chamber are unaffected by the magnetic field. Also, moving the ionization chambers in a magnetic field during irradiation does not affect the dose response. When scanning in-plane profiles, the change in irradiation orientation can influence the ionization chamber dose response by up to 0.4%. However this effect can be eliminated by rotating the ionization chamber by 90° before measuring the in-plane profile. The performance of the total scanning water phantom was validated at a clinical setup in a 0 T magnetic field. There was no significant difference between the dose profiles measured with a standard clinical scanning water phantom and the profiles measured with the MR-linac compatible scanning water phantom. The performance of the MR-linac scanning water phantom in the MR-linac was validated using Gafchromic EBT2 film. There was no significant difference in dose profiles between the MR-linac scanning water phantom and the radiochromic film. These results indicate that automated scanning water phantom measurements using ionization chamber detectors are possible in the MR-linac.
Trade Facilitation: Technical Regulations and Customs Procedures (2000)

Examines technical regulations (TR) and customs regulations under the general headline of trade facilitation. Failure of customs procedures in developing countries to the growing volume of trade; Dependence of service providers on efficient customs procedures; Complaints on the adoption of TR that seem to substitute for quantitative restrictions.
3-Hydroxypropionyl-Coenzyme A Dehydratase and Acryloyl-Coenzyme A Reductase, Enzymes of the Autotrophic 3-Hydroxypropionate/4-Hydroxybutyrate Cycle in the <i>Sulfolobales</i> (2009)

A 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle operates in autotrophic CO(2) fixation in various Crenarchaea, as studied in some detail in Metallosphaera sedula. This cycle and the autotrophic 3-hydroxypropionate cycle in Chloroflexus aurantiacus have in common the conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and two bicarbonates via 3-hydroxypropionate to succinyl-CoA. Both cycles require the reductive conversion of 3-hydroxypropionate to propionyl-CoA. In M. sedula the reaction sequence is catalyzed by three enzymes. The first enzyme, 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase, catalyzes the CoA- and MgATP-dependent formation of 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA. The next two enzymes were purified from M. sedula or Sulfolobus tokodaii and studied. 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase, a member of the enoyl-CoA hydratase family, eliminates water from 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA to form acryloyl-CoA. Acryloyl-CoA reductase, a member of the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family, reduces acryloyl-CoA with NADPH to propionyl-CoA. Genes highly similar to the Metallosphaera CoA synthetase, dehydratase, and reductase genes were found in autotrophic members of the Sulfolobales. The encoded enzymes are only distantly related to the respective three enzyme domains of propionyl-CoA synthase from C. aurantiacus, where this trifunctional enzyme catalyzes all three reactions. This indicates that the autotrophic carbon fixation cycles in Chloroflexus and in the Sulfolobales evolved independently and that different genes/enzymes have been recruited in the two lineages that catalyze the same kinds of reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 3‐Chlorooxazolidin‐2‐ones as Antimicrobial Agents. (2011)

Abstract A series of 3‐chlorooxazolidin‐2‐one derivatives are synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.
Regulated addition of new myocardial and epicardial cells fosters homeostatic cardiac growth and maintenance in adult zebrafish (2007)

The heart maintains structural and functional integrity during years of continual contraction, but the extent to which new cell creation participates in cardiac homeostasis is unclear. Here, we assessed cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac homeostasis in zebrafish, which display indeterminate growth and possess an unusual capacity to regenerate after acute cardiac injury. Lowering fish density in the aquarium triggered rapid animal growth and robust cardiomyocyte proliferation throughout the adult ventricle, greater than that observed during slow animal growth or size maintenance. Rapid animal growth also induced strong expression of the embryonic epicardial markers raldh2 (aldh1a2) and tbx18 in adult epicardial tissue. Pulse-chase dye labeling experiments revealed that the epicardium recurrently contributes cells to the ventricular wall, indicating an active homeostatic process. Inhibition of signaling by Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) decreased this epicardial supplementation of the ventricular wall in growing zebrafish, and led to spontaneous ventricular scarring in animals maintaining cardiac size. Our results demonstrate that the adult zebrafish ventricle grows and is maintained by cardiomyocyte hyperplasia, and that epicardial cells are added to the ventricle in an Fgf-dependent fashion to support homeostasis.
Microsoft Internet Information Server 4: the Complete Reference (1998)

From the Publisher:
In-depth treatment of Windows NT latest web and network applications platformessential for any Windows NT-driven web site. Includes web links for users to get latest on evolving technologies such as DCOM,ISAPI and more. Authors are recognized authorities on networking and server security issues. 
Whether you're setting up your first Wb site or your 100th,Microsoft Internet Information Server 4: The Complete Reference is here to help you master the latest and greatest in Microsoft Web server technology. inside,industry experts and best-selling authors John Mueller and Tom Sheldon reveal the most complete and authoritative examples,steps,and information on IIS 4 available. Everything from installation and setup to performance tuning and monitoring is presented in true encyclopedic form. You'll find information on planning,building,and managing your Web site,plus get th elatest scoop on ActiveX,ISAPI,and DCOM. You'll also find special sections on electronic commerce,security,and networking. No other reference guide will provide you with as much detailed and accurate information on powerful IIS4 than Microsoft Internet Information Server 4: The Complete Reference. Use this incredible all-in-one reference for everything from installation through troubleshooting and learn to: Install and configure IIS 4; Master new Microsoft technologies: MTS 2,MMC,Index Server 2,multiple Web site hosting,and much more; Discover secrets to maximum server performance; Ease administration tasts using the new setup wizards; Configure your intranet; Manage and troubleshoot TCP/IP; Handle fault tolerance,replication,and backup; Secure internal networks; Handle useraccount andfile system administration; Build virtual directories and virtual servers; Master logging and auditing tasks; Handle back-end services and data access.
Differential Proteomic Profiling Identifies Novel Molecular Targets of Paclitaxel and Phytoagent Deoxyelephantopin against Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells (2009)

A major germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone, deoxyelephantopin, identified from Elephantopus scaber L. (known as "Didancao" in Chinese medicine) showed significant antitumor growth and antimetastatic effect on murine mammary adenocarcinoma TS/A cells in vitro and in vivo in mice. Deoxyelephantopin exhibited a superior effect to that of the paclitaxel in prolonging median survival time of tumor-bearing animals in our recent study. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference in efficacy between deoxyelephantopin and paclitaxel, we used 2-D DIGE and LC-ESI-MS/MS to profile proteins differentially expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of TS/A cells and used the MetaCore database to determine the functional protein networks affected by both treatments. Deoxyelephantopin and paclitaxel treatment produced regulation of molecules involved in proteolysis and calcium ion transport, suggesting the possible effects of both drugs on proteasome and endoplasmic reticulum machinery in TS/A cells. Western blot analysis of marker proteins (e.g., PDI, GRP78, TXND5, caspase-12, caspase-3 and PARP) further verified that induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress was associated with apoptosis induced by both deoxyelephantopin and paclitaxel, but only deoxyelephantopin inhibited proteasomal proteolysis in TS/A cells. The novel effects on targeting ER machinery and suppressing proteasome activity suggest the great potential of deoxyelephantopin for mammary cancer therapy.
Development of single stage toroidal flow coal fired MHD combustor (1982)

Studies and testing done at the Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc. (AERL) have considerably advanced the state-of-the-art of MHD coal-fired combustor design and operation. A prototype 20 MW MHD coal-fired combustor was designed, fabricated and tested. The slagging coal combustor design concept is a single-stage configuration which enables the achievement of high overall thermal efficiency. The vertical combustor has a downward flow, a cylindrical chamber, and a horizontal exit nozzle for directing the seeded plasma to a MHD generator channel. Combustion experiments at operating pressures up to 6 atm yielded the following data: combustion temperature of 2650-2800/sup 0/K, electrical gas conductivity of 6 to 7 mhos/meter, carbon utilization greater than 99.5%, and stable steady state operation.
Synthesis, Urease and Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibition Activities of Some 1,4-Disubstituted Thiosemicarbazides and their 2,5-Disubstituted Thiadiazoles (2012)

A new series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 6a-i was synthesized by overnight stirring various 1,4-disubstituted thiosemicarbazides 5a-i in polyphosphoric acid followed by neutralization. The structures of newly synthesized compounds 5a-i and 6a-i were characterized by IR, <TEX>$^1H$</TEX> and <TEX>$^{13}C$</TEX> NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their urease and acetylcholine esterase inhibition activities. Thiosemicarbazides 5a-i are found to possess excellent potential for urease inhibition, more than the standard drug. Thiosemicarbazides 5a-i are more potent urease inhibitor than their cyclic analogues thiadiazoles 6a-i. Almost all of the compounds are excellent inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase. The inhibition of acetylcholine esterase of compounds 5a, 5c, 5d, 5g, 5i, 6e, 6f, 6g, and 6i is much more than that of standard drug.
Pharmacological actions of Opuntia ficus indica: A Review (2012)

Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) belongs to the family Cactaceae. Family Cactaceae is reported to contain about 130 genera and nearly 1500 species. This plant is native of Mexico and it is widely distributed in Mexico and in all American hemispheres as well as in Africa and in the Mediterranean basin. It has been used in traditional folk medicine because of its role in treating a number of diseases and conditions, including anti-inflammatory effects hypoglycemic effects inhibition of stomach ulceration, neuroprotective effects Through antioxidant actions and also used for treating diabetes, burns, bronchial, asthma and indigestion in many countries over the world. It is also used in Pharma industry as a pharmaceutical agent. The fruit, as well as cactus stem are used to prepare value-added products, such as jam, squash, wine, pickle, body lotions, shampoo, creams, etc. It also has several medicinal and industrial uses. Its seeds can be used as flavouring agents. Due to the remarkable biological activity of Opuntia and its constituents, it will be appropriate to develop them as a medicine.
ATP-Competitive Inhibitors of mTOR: An Update (2011)

mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is a serine-threonine kinase belonging to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway that is involved in several cell functions, including growth, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy. mTOR hyperactivation has been detected in several human cancers, thus representing, together with its upstream effectors, an important target for cancer therapy. mTOR exists in two different complexes in cells, mTORC1 and mTORC2 which could both be targeted by potential anticancer agents. Rapamycin, the selective and allosteric inhibitor of mTOR, inhibits the enzyme in mTORC1, but not in mTORC2. In the last few years a number of mTOR ATP-competitive inhibitors has been reported acting on mTOR in both complexes and possessing a more complete anticancer activity in comparison with that of rapamycin and its derivatives. mTOR shares high sequence homology in the hinge-region with PI3K that is a lipid kinase upstream to mTOR in the same signaling pathway; for this reason some compounds originally developed as PI3K inhibitors later showed to also target mTOR. As indicated by preclinical and clinical studies, compounds acting on more than one target could result in a better biological response and in enhanced therapeutic potential and also dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors result of great interest as potential antitumor agents. This review mainly reports the recently discovered mTOR ATP-competitive inhibitors in terms of medicinal chemistry, classified by their chemical structures, focusing on SAR and modelling studies that led to the discovery of very potent and selective agents, such as AZD-8055, OSI-027 and INK128, already entered clinical trials, or WYE-132, Torin1 and others in preclinical studies. Also some examples of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, including PI-103, GNE477, WJD008 and GSK2126458 are reported together with their biological and clinical data.
RELATION OF THE FETUS AND PLACENTA TO THE DECLINE OF HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANT RATS (1947)

San Francisco, Calif. University of California Medical School Am. J. Obst. & Gynec, 53: 275–278, 1947
Realtime photoacoustic microscopy of murine cardiovascular dynamics. (2008)

Non-invasive visualization of cardiovascular dynamics in small animals is challenging due to their rapid heart-rates. We present a realtime photoacoustic imaging system consisting of a 30-MHz ultrasound array transducer, receive electronics, a high-repetition-rate laser, and a multicore-computer, and demonstrate its ability to image optically-absorbing structures of the beating hearts of young athymic nude mice at rates of approximately 50 frames per second with 100 microm x 25 microm spatial resolution. To our knowledge this is the first report of realtime photoacoustic imaging of physiological dynamics.
Cover Song Identification With Metric Learning Using Distance As A Feature. (2017)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Final Solutions? (1967)

The German occupation brought to French Jews a fresh realization of the profound anguish of the Jewish condition — and also to those Jews in North Africa who had been emancipated by the presence of France, and who had adopted French as their literary language. Albert Memmi is the most articulate of these writing today, and his new book, La Libération du Juif (Paris, Gallimard, 1966, 15 Fs, the second volume of his Portrait du Juif) proposes what is for him the only possible solution to that condition. M. Memmi himself is a very interesting phenomenon, a Tunisian Jew who has described the life of the North African ghetto in Statue de Sel and has since analysed the psychology of colonialism in Portrait du Colonisateur. The fact that he was a member of an oppressed minority within an oppressed majority under French colonial rule made his situation rather special. The French language liberated him from the ghetto, but separated him from the Arab majority who, at the same time, were trying to free themselves from the French. The young Memmi obviously sympathized with their aspirations, whilst realizing that once they were achieved his own people would be far worse off than they had been under the French. And this in fact is precisely what has happened: the life of the North African Jewish communities has been made intolerable by the new independent Arab governments, whether monarchical or democratic-socialist, and another exodus has begun from what were once flourishing communities.
Specific down-regulation of an engineered human cyclin D1 promoter by a novel DNA-binding ligand in intact cells (2001)

Cyclin D1 is expressed at abnormally high levels in many cancers and has been specifically implicated in the development of breast cancer. In this report we have extensively analyzed the cyclin D1 promoter in a variety of cancer cell lines that overexpress the protein and identified two critical regulatory elements (CREs), a previously identified CRE at -52 and a novel site at -30. In vivo footprinting experiments demonstrated factors binding at both sites. We have used a novel DNA-binding ligand, GL020924, to target the site at -30 (-30-21) of the cyclin D1 promoter in MCF7 breast cancer cells. A binding site for this novel molecule was constructed by mutating 2 bp of the wild-type cyclin D1 promoter at the -30-21 site. Treatment with GL020924 specifically inhibited expression of the targeted cyclin D1 promoter construct in MCF7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, thus validating the -30-21 site as a target for minor groove-binding ligands. In addition, this result validates our approach to regulating the expression of genes implicated in disease by targeting small DNA-binding ligands to key regulatory elements in the promoters of those genes.
Expression of group IIa secretory phospholipase A2 increases with prostate tumor grade. (2001)

These data show that sPLA2-IIa expression increases with progression to androgen-independence and is highest in the most poorly-differentiated, highest-grade primary human CaP samples.
Alternatives to high GWP HFC refrigerants: chiller applications. (2012)

This report presents the characteristics of lower-GWP chiller refrigerant alternatives offered by refrigerant manufacturers for consideration and testing in the “low-GWP alternative refrigerants evaluation program” administered by the Air-conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). Alternatives have been identified for the chiller refrigerants R134a, R410A, and R22. An alternative for R123 also has been proposed. Test results for some of the refrigerants are presented. There are no “ideal” refrigerants in the list of alternatives to R134a, R410A, and R22 if “ideal” is defined as having a GWP of 150 or less, an A1 ASHRAE safety rating, and near-zero temperature glide. Refrigerants with GWPs of 700 or more, an A2L safety rating, and – in some cases an appreciable temperature glide - need to be considered for the future.
A Multi-domain Motion Vectors Prediction Method for Spatial Scalability (2008)

In scalable video coding, spatial scalability is a layered video representation with different spatial resolutions for the same video signal. Inter-layer motion information prediction is a method of improving coding performance for spatial scalability. In this paper, a multi-domain motion vectors prediction coding method for spatial scalability is proposed based on inter-layer motion information prediction. It consists of two spatial layers: one base layer and one enhancement layer. The proposed coding method is fully compatible with existing coding standard in base layer, while in enhancement layer a motion vector prediction mode is added. If this mode is selected, the motion vectors of temporal and spatial and inter-layer domain are exploited for motion vector prediction of current macroblock in enhancement layer. It will obtain a more accurate motion vector by using multi-domain motion vectors. The effectiveness of the new technique is demonstrated by simulation experimental results. With almost no changes on both computation complexity and encoded bitrate, the average increase of Y-PSNR is about 0.22 dB for sequence Foreman. and 0.17 dB for Subway.
Analysis of active compensation for shock, vibration, and wind-up in disk drives (1991)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1991.
Redox Enzymes Used in Chiral Syntheses Coupled to Coenzyme Regeneration (2001)

Due to their ability to perform reactions in a stereo- and regiospecific manner, while functioning under mild conditions of temperature and pH, enzymes are increasingly used for chiral synthesis in the pharmaceutical industry, in medicinal chemistry, agriculture, cosmetic and food industry. The oxidoreductases as catalysts require a coenzyme (cofactor) which functions as an electron carrier. If used in stoichiometric amounts the cost of coenzymes makes synthetic applications of redox enzymes prohibitively expensive for industrial applications. The present review updates previous discussions about the objectives of cofactor regeneration as a requirement for the applicability of enzymatic redox reactions, and about the strategies customarily used to this end. Different types of chiral syntheses coupled successfully to coenzyme regeneration (amino acid synthesis, lactone synthesis, synthetic reactions involving alcohols, hydroxy acid and steroid synthesis, deracemization) are then discussed. New catalysts, cross-linked enzyme crystals, prepared from redox enzyme are presented in a small paragraph together with some of their applications. Special attention is given to whole cells used in this type of synthesis and their advantages and disadvantages are presented in one paragraph. Finally, different reactors, within which were conducted chiral syntheses catalyzed by oxireductases and coupled to cofactor regeneration, are briefly discussed.