gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-Pollination Phenomena in Orchid Flowers. IV. Effects of Ethylene (1973)

Treatment of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) flowers with 10/μl/liter ethylene for up to 78 hr induces anthocyanin formation in both gynostemia (columns) and labella (lips). After that, pigment levels decrease. During 24-hr exposures, ethylene concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10μl/ liter cause increased anthocyanin levels in both lips and columns. Ethylene also brings about color changes in the calli and wilting of the perianth, but it does not cause straightening of gynostemia and stigmatic closure. Emasculation effects are similar to those of ethylene, whereas pollination and NAA induce anthocyanin formation and closing of stigmas, as well as swelling and loss of curvature in gynostemia. The effects of ethylene are correlated with its action in other systems.
Use of Integrational Plasmid Vectors to Demonstrate the Polycistronic Nature of a Transcriptional Unit (spoIIA) Required for Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis (1984)

Plasmids carrying different portions of the polycistronic spoIIA locus, and unable to replicate autonomously in Bacillus subtilis, were able to transform a Spo+ B. subtilis strain, BR151, for the plasmid-determined chloramphenicol resistance by Campbell-like insertion into the region of homology on the chromosome. Two such plasmids, pPP35 and pPP36, yielded Spo- transformants, indicating that the cloned regions of these plasmids were entirely within the chromosomal spoIIA transcriptional unit. The cloned regions overlapped the end of a known spoIIA cistron, so that the transcriptional unit was larger than this cistron, and was polycistronic. This is the first demonstration of such a polycistronic sporulation transcriptional unit. The DNA sequence of the region has now been determined (given in an accompanying paper) and suggests a transcriptional unit with three open reading frames. Two other plasmids yielded Spo+ transformants of BR151, and these define the outer limits of the transcriptional unit. The adjacent sporulation locus identified by the spoV A89 mutation was not part of the same transcriptional unit.
Li Ion Diffusivity and Improved Electrochemical Performances of the Carbon Coated LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (2011)

This study examines the effects of a carbon coating on the electrochemical performances of <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX>. The results show that the capacity of bare <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX> decreased sharply, whereas the <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX>/C shows a well maintained initial capacity. The Li ion diffusivity of the bare and carbon coated <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX> is calculated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) to determine the correlation between the electrochemical performance of <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX> and Li diffusion. The diffusion constants for <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX> and <TEX>$LiFePO_4$</TEX>/C measured from CV are <TEX>$6.56{\times}10^{-16}$</TEX> and <TEX>$2.48{\times}10^{-15}\;cm^2\;s^{-1}$</TEX>, respectively, indicating considerable increases in diffusivity after modifications. The Li ion diffusivity (DLi) values as a function of the lithium content in the cathode are estimated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of the carbon coating as well as the mechanisms for the improved electrochemical performances after modification are discussed based on the diffusivity data.
Aerobic Oxidation of 3-Iodomethyl-<i>Δ</i>3-cephem-4-carboxylate to 3-Formyl-<i>Δ</i>3-cephem-4-carboxylate through 3-Hydroperoxymethyl-<i>Δ</i>3-cephem-4-carboxylate (1996)

Abstract Aerobic oxidation of p-methoxybenzyl 3-iodomethyl-8-oxo-7-phenylacetamido-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (3-iodomethyl-7-phenylacetamido-Δ3-cephem-4-carboxylate) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in the presence of phosphomolybdic acid mainly afforded the corresponding 3-formyl-Δ3-cephem-4-carboxylate, while similar aerobic oxidation in the presence of potassium iodide gave 3-hydroxymethyl-Δ3-cephem-4-carboxylate as a major product. 3-Hydroperoxymethyl-Δ3-cephem-4-carboxylate was isolated as a primary product in the aerobic oxidation, which was subsequently converted to either 3-formyl-Δ3-cephem-4-carboxylate by dehydration with phosphomolybdic acid or 3-hydroxymethyl-Δ3-cephem-4-carboxylate by reduction with potassium iodide.
The little wave with the big future (2004)

Eureka moments are so rare in science that when you have one, you don't forget it in a hurry. My colleagues and I at Napier University in Edinburgh were fortunate enough to have one such moment a few years ago when we were studying the signals from a medical device called a pulse oximeter. Widely used in hospitals to measure the percentage of blood haemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen, the device also provides an accurate measure of a patient's heart rate.
Electrophoresis on uncrosslinked polyacrylamide: Molecular sieving and its potential applications (1986)

Abstract Uncrosslinked polyacrylamide, a viscous liquid, provides a molecular sieving effect in electrophoresis qualitatively the same as that of crosslinked gels. This finding confirms previous results by others using uncrosslinked polyacrylamide mixed with various gel matrices. It provides a sieving medium constituted by an entirely and necessarily random association of inert fibers, as stipulated for interpretation of migration by the Ogston theory. Ferguson plots of several proteins in uncrosslinked polyacrylamide exhibit Y o values smaller and less divergent from one another than in 5 % crosslinked gels, suggesting a curvature of the Ferguson plots of crosslinked polyacrylamide gels at low %T. If linearity of these plots at low %T, 0 %C could be demonstrated, a means would be found to determine accurate values of free mobility by their linear extrapolation to 0 gel concentration. Potentially, uncrosslinked polyacrylamide at low concentrations may provide a tool for the analytical sieving of subcellular particles. However, electrophoresis in uncrosslinked polyacrylamide at concentrations of less than 10 % is perturbed by convection, and thus these potential applications will depend on combining it with a suitable anticonvective device.
Decline Curve Analysis using Combined Linear and Nonlinear Regression (2015)

Abstract The varieties of methods for predicting oil well performance are material balance analysis, decline curve analysis and numerical reservoir simulation. Among the techniques, the decline curves have been found quite simple and accurate to forecast oil well performance in the absence of known reservoir parameters. The basic concept of the Arps' hyperbolic decline curve analysis is nonlinear curve fitting. However, the difficulty of finding a proper nonlinear algorithm to tune the Arps' hyperbolic decline equation to match historical oil production has forced analysts to use the exponential and harmonic declines, which are adjudged the approximate limiting cases of the Arps' hyperbolic decline. So, this study advocates a shift in paradigm; that is the use of nonlinear regression algorithm to tune the Arps hyperbolic decline equation initialized from linear curve fitting. The hyperbolic equation was expressed as a linear relationship in terms of the first derivative of production rate with respect to time. The first derivative was obtained from natural spline interpolation which greatly improved the quality of the initialized decline parameters and the accuracy of the decline curve analysis.
How Bacterial Carbohydrates Influence the Adaptive Immune System (2009)

The capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of most pathogenic bacteria are T cell-independent antigens whose conjugation to carrier proteins evokes a carbohydrate-specific response eliciting T cell help. However, certain bacterial CPSs, known as zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs), activate the adaptive immune system through processing by antigen-presenting cells and presentation by the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway to CD4(+) T cells. This discovery was the first mechanistic insight into how carbohydrates-a class of biological molecules previously thought to be T cell independent-can in fact activate T cells. Through their ability to activate CD4(+) T cells, ZPSs direct the cellular and physical maturation of the developing immune system. In this review, we explore the still-enigmatic relations between CPSs and the adaptive immune machinery at the cellular and molecular levels, and we discuss how new insights into the biological impact of ZPSs expand our concepts of the role of carbohydrates in microbial interactions with the adaptive immune system.
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Fetal Bovine Osteoblast Culture Differentiation Indicates a Role for BSP in Promoting Differentiation (1998)

Fetal bovine mandible-derived osteoblasts were cultured for the purpose of obtaining a spatiotemporal assessment of bone matrix protein expression during in vitro differentiation. The results obtained from electron microscopic, immunohistological, biochemical, and molecular biological analyses indicated that these primary cultured osteoblasts produce an abundant extracellular matrix which mineralizes during a 14-day culture period. During this process, a restricted, spatiotemporal pattern of bone sialoprotein expression was indicated by immunohistological and molecular evaluations. To test the possibility that bone sialoprotein promoted the continued morphodifferentiation of osteoblastic cells, cultures were grown in the presence of anti-bone sialoprotein antibodies known to interfere with cell-bone sialoprotein attachment. Compared with cultures grown in the presence of normal rabbit serum (1:150), cultures grown in the media containing anti-bone sialoprotein antibody (1:150) failed to mineralize as demonstrated by von Kossa staining and failed to express osteocalcin and osteopontin as shown by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These results contribute to the growing evidence that bone sialoprotein is an important determinant of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Matrix protein-cell interactions may be examined using this spatiotemporally defined model.
Plasma Cortisol Responses to Clonidine in Depressed Patients and Controls (1984)

Plasma cortisol responses to the intravenous administration of clonidine hydrochloride and placebo were evaluated in depressed patients and controls. Depressed patients had higher mean baseline cortisol levels than controls. Cortisol levels decreased during the morning study period following both placebo and 2 micrograms/kg of clonidine hydrochloride in the depressed patients, but the cortisol decrease was sixfold greater on the day of clonidine administration; these placebo-clonidine differences were statistically significant, whether calculated on an absolute decrement basis or as a percent change. In contrast, controls responded to clonidine with only a 1.5-fold greater cortisol reduction than that found after placebo, a nonsignificant difference from the day of placebo administration. Reductions in the concentration of plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol following clonidine administration were significantly negatively correlated with baseline plasma cortisol levels, raising the possibility that abnormalities in the responsiveness of the alpha 2-noradrenergic system may be associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction found in depressed patients.
Predicting and measuring fluid responsiveness with echocardiography (2016)

Echocardiography is ideally suited to guide fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. It can be used to assess fluid responsiveness by looking at the left ventricle, aortic outflow, inferior vena cava and right ventricle. Static measurements and dynamic variables based on heart-lung interactions all combine to predict and measure fluid responsiveness and assess response to intravenous fluid resuscitation. Thorough knowledge of these variables, the physiology behind them and the pitfalls in their use allows the echocardiographer to confidently assess these patients and in combination with clinical judgement manage them appropriately.
Multifunctional membrane vesicles in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2011)

Gram-negative bacteria secrete small particles called membrane vesicles (MVs) into the extracellular milieu. While MVs have important roles in delivering toxins from pathogenic bacteria to eukaryotic cells, these vesicles also play ecological roles necessary for survival in various environmental conditions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which lives in soil, ocean, plant, animal and human environments, has become a model organism for studying these small extracellular particles. Such studies have increased our understanding of the function and biogenesis of bacterial MVs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa MVs possess versatile components and chemical substances with unique structures. These characteristics allow MVs to play their multifunctional biological roles, including microbial interaction, maintenance of biofilm structure and host infection. This review summarizes the comprehensive biochemical and physiochemical properties of MVs derived from P. aeruginosa. These studies will help us understand their biological roles of MVs not only in pathogenicity but also in microbial ecology. Also, the mechanisms of MV production, as currently understood, are discussed.
The structural elucidation of fritillaria alkaloids from Fritillaria ebeiensis var. purpurea. I. The structures of ebeienine, ebeiedine and ebeiedinone. (1988)

A novel (22S, 25R)-13, 17-didehydro: 5α-cevanine alkaloid, ebeienine (1), was isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria ebeiensis var.purpurea, together with (25S)-20-deoxy-5α-cevanin-3, β, 6β-diol (ebeiedine (2)), and (25S)-20-deoxy-5α-cevanin-3α-o1-6-one (ebeiedinone (3)). Their structures were elucidated by physical methods and finally confirmed by X-ray crystal structure determination.
HDL chip design : a practical guide for designing, synthesizing, and simulating ASICs and FPGAs using VHDL or Verilog (1998)

From the Book:
The EDA industry is an increasingly challenging area in which to be working. I work at VeriBest Incorporated and have been in the EDA industry for many years, and I am fully aware of the books that are available. This one, however, is unique as it deals extensively with both VHDL and Verilog in a comparative manner and includes many graphic examples of synthesied circuits. Doug Smith, also of VeriBest Inc., has been mastering the valuable art of Hardware Description Language (HDL) chip design for many years in both European and American companies. He has cleverly captured years of design experience within the pages of this book. 
The abundant examples throughout show complete functional designs and not just snippets of code. Doug has spent endless months researching and design topics to ensure that people in the EDA industry were in agreement with his methods. I am certainly an advocate of Doug's guide for EDA veterans and first semester EE freshmen alike. His tips on planning and executing designs (including the modeling caveats) are invaluable. Designers can surely benefit by applying his precepts and principles using the techniques emerged from his design experience. You will probably keep this book close to your desk for many projects to come.
Often, worth is measured by magnitude, however this book not only contains more examples than any other previously published work dealing with driven design, but is more comprehensive than any other book of synthesis recipes whatsoever. A technical work must stand or fall by its accuracy and authority; HDL Chip Design stands head-and-shoulders over all other books covering this subject.
The authority of thiswork rests on almost a lifetime of practical experience, through his career. Its accuracy has been verified through machine-processing of all the examples, and by leading industry experts. As a result HDL Chip Design is the very best hands-on book you can own today. It will enable you to survive in the competitive world of chip design, and will be a beacon in your quest for perfect design.

Alex Zamfirescu
IEEE Project 1076.3 (Synthesis Packages) Chariman
IEC TC93 Working Group (HDDLs) Convenor
Metabolic and molecular basis of peroxisomal disorders: A review (2004)

The group of peroxisomal disorders now includes 17 different disorders with Zellweger syndrome as prototype. Thanks to the explosion of new information about the functions and biogenesis of peroxisomes, the metabolic and molecular basis of most of the peroxisomal disorders has been resolved. A review of peroxisomal disorders is provided in this paper.
Ion-implanted planar resistors (1971)

Abstract Boron-ions have been implanted into Silicon to form p-type planar resistors. The resistors have Boron-diffused contacts and the energetic ions were implanted through an approximately 0.2 micron thick thermally grown SiO2-film, on top of which a pattern was etched in an evaporated aluminum layer to define the areas to be implanted. The ion-doses were in the range 1012 cm−2 to 1015 cm−2 with ion-energies 120 keV and 200 keV. All implantations were performed at room temperature and the annealing took place for 15 min in a nitrogen ambient in the temperature range 300–950 °C. Among the results of the investigations are the obtainable range of sheet resistivities, the large-area-homogeneity and the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) as a function of the above mentioned parameters.
Dialkyl aluminium amides: new reagents for the conversion of CO into CNR functionalities (2002)

A new methodology for the preparation of alpha-diimines and beta-aminoenones has been devised and represents an alternative route to these and related nitrogenous ligands bearing highly electronegative substituents.
Web Content Information Extraction Approach Based on Removing Noise and Content-Features (2010)

This paper presents an improved approach to extract the main content from web pages. There are a good many financial news pages which have so many links that the algorithms mainly based on link density have poor performance in extracting main content. To solve this problem, we put forward an extracting main content method which firstly removes the usual noise and the candidate nodes without any main content information from web pages, and makes use of the relation of content text length, the length of anchor text and the number of punctuation marks to extract the main content. In this paper, we focus on removing noise and utilization of all kinds of content-characteristics, experiments show that this approach can enhance the universality and accuracy in extracting the body text of web pages.
Effect of fluorine on dielectric properties of SiOF films (1996)

The effect of fluorine addition on silicon oxide film properties as a function of SiF4/O2 gas flow ratio was investigated. The films were deposited by using electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapor deposition with SiF4 and O2 as source gases diluted in Ar. Characterization of films was carried out in terms of various gas flow ratios (SiF4/O2=0.2–1.0). The microwave power and substrate temperature during deposition were fixed at 700 W and 300 °C, respectively. The chemical bonding structure of the films was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorine concentration by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and refractive index by ellipsometry. The dielectric constant was determined from C–V measurements at 1 MHz. FTIR spectra show that as the fluorine concentration increased, the intensities of the Si–F bonding peak and the shoulder peak (at around 1160 cm−1) of the Si–O stretching mode both increased. Refractive index and deposited film density decreased with increasing SiF4/O2 gas flow ratio. The SiOF film deposited at a SiF4/O2 gas flow ratio of 1.0 exhibited a fluorine content of 11.8 at. % and a dielectric constant of 3.14.
About modus ponens and aggregation of rules (2002)

There exists some paradoxal situation about aggregation of rules, when solving this problem either by use of some conjunction operator or by use of some disjunction one, depending on the choice of the ply operator. A unified framework is proposed for aggregating rules by the introduction of a new modus ponens based on conditional formulae.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tardive dystonia (1982)

It is not widely recognized that antipsychotic drugs can cause late-onset and persistent dystonia. This dystonia, which we call tardive dystonia, is to be distinguished from acute dystonic reactions, which are transient, and from classic tardive dyskinesia, which is a choreic disorder that predominantly affects the oral region. We present 42 patients with tardive dystonia. The age of onset of dystonia was 13 to 60 years. Symptoms began after 3 days to 11 years of antipsychotic therapy. Younger patients tended to have more generalized dystonia. In a few patients, spontaneous remission occurred, but dystonia persisted for years in most. Therapy was rarely a complete success. The most frequently helpful medications were tetrabenazine (68% of patients improved) and anticholinergics (39% improved).
Secure and distributed conference-key distribution (2005)

This paper introduces a distributed conference key distribution system that utilizes secure multi-party computation scheme by virtue of Feldman's (t+1, n) VSS to perform the conference key computation, so that a key can be obtained in a distributed fashion in which any t+1 of servers are required to perform the computation. The n segments - which are spread across n machines - do not have to be recombined on a single machine to perform a key computation. Since t/spl Lt/n, the requirement that only t segments are needed inherently provides system reliability. The evaluation shows that the system performance is not impacted by changing t or n. This means that it is possible to set t arbitrarily high, making key compromise less probable, and to set n high, providing redundancy, without taking a performance hit for a single signature.
GeSn Film Deposition Using Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2013)

An approach of creating CMOS channel with GeSn is one of the post-scaling techniques and is widely considered to be promising to improve LSI performance. In this paper, we selected the metal-organic (MO) precursors to deposit GeSn and investigated their characteristics. We confirmed that it is possible to deposit GeSn on a substrate using the MOCVD technique.
Nucleosides, 38<sup>1)</sup><b> The Ribonucleosides of Allopurinol</b> (1981)

Abstract Of the various conceivable ribonucleosides of allopurinol, the N ‐1‐, N ‐2‐, and N ‐5‐isomers (9c‐11c) as well as the 1, 5‐and 2,5‐bis‐ribosylated derivatives 6c and 7c have been prepared via stannic chloride‐induced glycosylation of bis (trimethylsilyl)allopurinol 4 with acylated ribofuranoses (5) . Trimethylsilyl triflate as catalyst in addition produced the O 4 ‐ribosylated isomer 8a . – The structures of the products were secured from UV, 1 H, and 13 C NMR data. –Their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was evaluated.
Middle East Record. Vol. I, 1960. xxxi, 582 pp. London: George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd. for the Israel Oriental Society [and] the Reuven Shiloah Research Center, [1962]. 70<i>s</i>. (1964)

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Storage and Reemission of Heralded Telecommunication-Wavelength Photons Using a Crystal Waveguide (2019)

Telecom-wavelength single photons are the leading carriers of quantum information for practical photonic quantum technologies, and there has been significant progress in developing compatible components like detectors and single-photon sources. However, an on-chip, broadband quantum memory for storage and reemission of single telecom photons---indispensable for future quantum repeaters---has been lacking. The authors demonstrate a light-matter interface for quantum storage of 1532-nm photons: a cryogenically cooled lithium niobate crystal waveguide. The memory hinges on a broadband atomic frequency comb created by persistent spectral hole burning through long-lived superhyperfine levels.