gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the theoretical basis for using a 1 GHz TEM cell to evaluate the radiated emissions from integrated circuits (2002)

This study was initiated in order to gain a better understanding of the basis for using a 1 GHz TEM cell to evaluate the radiated emissions from integrated circuits (ICs). The authors have been involved for several years with the effort to develop procedures and standards for evaluating the EMC of ICs. One of these standards, SAE J1752/3, is being used by the IC industry to characterize high speed VLSI ICs and survey the variation of RF emissions due to changes in IC process and package parameters. This standard specifies a radiated emissions measurement system using a 1 GHz TEM cell with the IC under test on a test board that is a part of the wall above the septum of the TEM cell. In order to investigate the theoretical basis for this procedure, a model of the IC lead frame as a current loop was developed and analyzed for coupling to the septum of the TEM cell at different orientations. Test boards with current loops orientated both parallel and orthogonal to the TEM cell wall were evaluated for correlation with the model. Using a microprocessor on a test board, a comparison was made of the measured data from the 1 GHz TEM cell, the EMSCANTM circuit board analysis system and radiated field measurements using an antenna. Methods for calibration of the TEM cell were also investigated.
Expected Service Life and Performance Characteristics of HMA Pavements in LTPP (2005)

This publication describes how the primary objective of the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program was to develop improved design methodologies and strategies for the new flexible pavements. Those experiments were designed to address this objective include General Pavement Study (GPS) 1 and 2. The GPS 1 experiment includes existing flexible pavements without stabilized base layers, while the GPS-2 experiment includes those with stabilized base layers. The Special Pavement Study (SPS) 9 experiment and control sections within the SPS-5 experiment can also be used to achieve this objective. This publication summarizes the results of a study of the GPS-1 and 2 and SPS-9 experiments and the control sections in the SPS-5 experiment, entitled “Expected Service Life and Performance Characteristics of HMA Pavements in LTPP.” The study documents the performance trends and characteristics of these test sections, each 500-ft wide by one-lane wide, using distress data extracted from LTPP database version 13.1/NT3.1 released in January 2002. A total of 372 test sections were included in this study. The age of the pavements ranged from 3 to 33 years, with an overall median age of 17 years. Of the 372 test sections, 109 sections are older than 20 years. The test sections represent a diverse range of conditions and pavement structures.
[Nerve affection in connection with bloodletting II. Four case reports]. (2001)

Four blood donors with persistent pain and dysfunction of the upper extremity after venepuncture are presented. Physical examinations identified median nerve-affections in all and additionally a varying involvement of other nerves in the elbow region. Such complications appear to have developed following to a vascular lesion. They are rare but potentially disabling and should be known in blood banks and clinical departments to which these patients are referred.
Leloir Glycosyltransferases and Natural Product Glycosylation: Biocatalytic Synthesis of the <i>C</i>‐Glucoside Nothofagin, a Major Antioxidant of Redbush Herbal Tea (2013)

Nothofagin is a major antioxidant of redbush herbal tea and represents a class of bioactive flavonoid-like <i>C</i>-glycosidic natural products. We developed an efficient enzymatic synthesis of nothofagin based on a one-pot coupled glycosyltransferase-catalyzed transformation that involves perfectly selective 3'-<i>C</i>-β-d-glucosylation of naturally abundant phloretin and applies sucrose as expedient glucosyl donor. <i>C</i>-Glucosyltransferase from <i>Oryza sativa</i> (rice) was used for phloretin <i>C</i>-glucosylation from uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, which was supplied continuously <i>in situ</i> through conversion of sucrose and UDP catalyzed by sucrose synthase from <i>Glycine max</i> (soybean). In an evaluation of thermodynamic, kinetic, and stability parameters of the coupled enzymatic reactions, poor water solubility of the phloretin acceptor substrate was revealed as a major bottleneck of conversion efficiency. Using periodic feed of phloretin controlled by reaction progress, nothofagin concentrations (45 mM; 20 g l<sup>-1</sup>) were obtained that vastly exceed the phloretin solubility limit (5-10 mM). The intermediate UDP-glucose was produced from catalytic amounts of UDP (1.0 mM) and was thus recycled 45 times in the process. Benchmarked against comparable glycosyltransferase-catalyzed transformations (e.g., on quercetin), the synthesis of nothofagin has achieved intensification in glycosidic product formation by up to three orders of magnitude (μM→mM range). It thus makes a strong case for the application of Leloir glycosyltransferases in biocatalytic syntheses of glycosylated natural products as fine chemicals.
Condensation polymerization of pyromellitic dianhydride with aromatic diamine in aprotic solvent: A reaction mechanism (1981)

Abstract Based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, a probable reaction mechanism was proposed for the condensation polymerization of pyromellitic dianhydride with aromatic diamines in aprotic solvent, N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), to yield aromatic polyimides. The mechanism shows the essential role played by the solvent during polymerization reaction and in imidization. It explains the formation of polyamic acid and that of its high molecular weight buildup under the conditions in which solid dianhydride was added to the solution of diamine in DMAc. A prepolymer complex formation was observed, along with the main polyamic acid, when solid diamine was added to the solution of dianhydride in DMAc. The structure of the prepolymer was derived on the basis of NMR and its formation explained in the mechanism. The nature of the prepolymer was such that on treatment with anhydride it goes to polyamic acid.
Impact of the Acidic C-Terminal Region Comprising Amino Acids 109−140 on α-Synuclein Aggregation in Vitro (2004)

The aggregation of alpha-synuclein, involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, is enhanced in vitro by biogenic polyamines binding to the highly charged C-terminal region aa109-140. In this study, we investigated the influence of this region on the aggregation kinetics, monitored by thioflavin T binding and static light scattering, and morphology, assessed by electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and turbidity, by comparing the effect of various solution conditions on the wild-type protein, the disease related mutants A53T and A30P, and two truncated variants, syn(1-108) and syn(1-124), lacking the complete or the C-terminal half of the polyamine binding site. In the presence of the intact C-terminus, aggregation was strongly retarded in physiological buffer. This inhibition of aggregation was overridden by (i) addition of spermine or MgCl(2) or lowering of pH, leading to strong charge shielding in the C-terminus or (ii) by truncation of aa125-140 or aa109-140. Addition of MgCl(2) or spermine or acidification were not effective in promoting aggregation of syn(1-108). The impact of the disease-related mutations on the aggregation kinetics was dependent on the solution conditions, with the aggregation propensity order A53T approximately wt > A30P at low ionic strength, but A53T > wt approximately A30P at high ionic strength, with exceedingly potent promotion of aggregation by the A53T mutation in the presence of spermine. In contrast to full-length alpha-synuclein aggregates, those formed from syn(1-108) did not exhibit a pronounced polymorphism. The effects of the C-terminus on aggregation cannot be rationalized merely by a contribution to the protein net charge, but rather suggest a specific role of aa109-140 in the regulation of aggregation, presumably involving formation of intramolecular contacts.
Sonic Hedgehog Carried by Microparticles Corrects Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice (2013)

Microparticles are small fragments of the plasma membrane generated after cell stimulation. We recently showed that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is present in microparticles generated from activated/apoptotic human T lymphocytes and corrects endothelial injury through nitric oxide (NO) release. This study investigates whether microparticles bearing Shh correct angiotensin II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in mice. Male Swiss mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering angiotensin II (0.5 mg/kg/day) or NaCl (0.9%). Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured daily during 21 days. After 7 day of minipump implantation, mice received i.v. injections of microparticles (10 µg/ml) or i.p. Shh receptor antagonist cyclopamine (10 mg/kg/2 days) during one week. Angiotensin II induced a significant rise in systolic blood pressure without affecting heart rate. Microparticles reversed angiotensin II-induced hypertension, and cyclopamine prevented the effects of microparticles. Microparticles completely corrected the impairment of acetylcholine- and flow-induced relaxation in vessels from angiotensin II-infused mice. The improvement of endothelial function induced by microparticles was completely prevented by cyclopamine treatment. Moreover, microparticles alone did not modify NO and O2 . (-) production in aorta, but significantly increased NO and reduced O2. (-) productions in aorta from angiotensin II-treated mice, and these effects were blocked by cyclopamine. Altogether, these results show that microparticles bearing Shh correct angiotensin II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in aorta through a mechanism associated with Shh-induced NO production and reduction of oxidative stress. These microparticles may represent a new therapeutic approach in cardiovascular diseases associated with decreased NO production.
Analysis of failure mechanisms in velocity-matched distributed photodetectors (1999)

The thermal-runaway process in long-wavelength velocity-matched distributed photodetectors (VMDP) with metal–semiconductor–metal photodiodes has been investigated. A three-dimensional numerical electrothermal model has been developed which takes into account the nonlinear thermal properties of the substrate and the nonuniform temperature rise due to self heating. The model shows that, owing to its distributed nature, the photodetector is able to operate at high optical-power level before catastrophic failure occurs. When this happens, a highly localised hot spot appears within the device and the I–V characteristic exhibits a typical ‘current crush point’, where the current rapidly increases with increasing bias voltage. Examples are discussed to highlight the thermal behaviour of the distributed detector and to compare the model with experimental data.
Viscoelastic breakup in a high velocity airstream (1982)

Abstract Viscoelastic fluids were injected into a high velocity airstream (200 m/s) to investigate how the addition of small polymer quantities to fluids significantly increase the resultant disseminated drop size. For each liquid tested several hundred resultant drops were sampled and measured using an automated image analyzer. The resultant mass median diameter (MMD) for a viscoelastic fluid was an order of magnitude larger than a comparable viscous Newtonian fluid. A relaxation time measured from a die swell experiment correlates the dissemination results suggesting, an elongational rather than shear breakup mechanism.
New Coupled-Waveguide Optical Modulators with Schottky Contacts (1978)

Coupled‐waveguide optical modulators with Schottky contacts are proposed in two waveguide configurations, namely, in the embedded‐waveguide configuration and in the rib‐waveguide configuration. It is shown that the heterostructured embedded‐waveguide device is suitable for efficient modulation and that the homostructured rib‐waveguide device has fairly small modulating power per bandwidth P/Δf in spite of its simpler structure. GaAs homostructured rib‐waveguide devices were fabricated, and optical modulation was carried out at a light wavelength of 1.06 μm.
Laparoscopic management of enlarged cystic duct. (1992)

After laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct, or when a patient has acute cholecystitis, the cystic duct is sometimes edematous and too large to be ligated safely with an Endoclip. In such cases, ligation of the cystic duct with an Endoloop offers a solution to the problem. The standard technique for application of an Endoloop consists of dividing the cystic duct and then applying the Endoloop. This becomes more difficult if, after the cystic duct is divided, loss of traction on the common bile duct results in retraction of the divided cystic stump outside of the laparoscopic field of view. To avoid this difficulty, the authors apply an Endoloop with the grasping forceps on the cystic duct before the duct is divided so that it cannot retract from operative view and for this task developed an instrument that allows simultaneous introduction of both grasping forceps and the Endoloop through a single port.
Cell type-specific and light-dependent expression of Rab1 and Rab6 GTPases in mammalian retinas (2009)

The Ras-like Rab1 and Rab6 GTPases modulate protein traffic along the early secretory pathway and are involved in the regulation of maturation of rhodopsin in the outer retina. However, Rab GTPases have not been studied in the inner retinas. Here, we analyzed the anatomatic distribution and expression of Rab1 and Rab6 in the mouse and rat retinas by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. We found that Rab1 was specifically expressed in the rod bipolar cells, while Rab6 was expressed in a different cell type(s) from rod bipolar cells in the inner retina. We also demonstrated that expression of Rab1 and Rab6 was increased with light. These data provided the first evidence implicating that Rab1 and Rab6 may be involved in the regulation of the retinal adaptation.
Fine grain parallel processors and real-time applications: MIMD controller/SIMD array (2002)

Important issues related to the applications of massively parallel architectures for real-time cognition are discussed. One of these is real-time control of the array processor. Systems accommodating massive data parallelism are faced with the critical issue of how to incorporate adaptive programming decisions without losing machine efficiency. This involves reexamination of functions to be performed by the software versus those performed by the hardware. The discussion is based on a multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD) controller that has been constructed for a single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) array. The efficiency of an SIMD architecture as a computational model is discussed with reference to several important functions in vision applications that have been benchmarked on the system. Applications that involve real-time control are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A68930 is a potent, full agonist at dopamine<sub>1</sub> (D<sub>1</sub>) receptors in renal epithelial LLC‐PK<sub>1</sub> cells (1992)

The selective dopamine1 (D1) receptor agonists SK&F 82526 (fenoldopam) and A68930 and the mixed D1/D2 agonist SK&F 85174 were tested for their ability to stimulate adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation in the porcine renal epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1. SK&F 82526 and SK&F 85174 were potent stimulators of cyclic AMP accumulation (EC50s 21.4 and 14.5 nM, respectively), but only partial agonists (intrinsic activities 31% and 46% of dopamine respectively). In contrast, A68930 was a potent, full agonist (EC50 12.7 nM, intrinsic activity 102% of dopamine). The stimulatory effects of A68930 and dopamine on cyclic AMP accumulation were not additive, and the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by A68930 was blocked by the D1-selective antagonist, SCH 23390. These properties of A68930 suggest that it may be a useful D1-selective agonist to study renal D1 receptor mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.
Effective bandwidth of general Markovian traffic sources and admission control of high speed networks (2002)

A prime instrument for controlling congestion in high-speed broadband ISDN (BISDN) networks is admission control, which limits call and guarantees a grade of service determined by delay and loss probability in the multiplexer. It is shown, for general Markovian traffic sources, that it is possible to assign a notational effective bandwidth to each source which is an explicitly identified, simply computing quantity with provably correct properties in the natural asymptotic regime of small loss probabilities. It is the maximal real eigenvalue of a matrix which is directly obtained from the source characteristics and the admission criterion, and for several sources it is simply additive. Both fluid and point process models are considered, and parallel results are obtained. Numerical results show that the acceptance set for heterogeneous classes of sources is closely approximated and conservatively bounded by the set obtained from the effective bandwidth approximation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reducing the Complexity of VLSI Performance Variation Modeling Via Parameter Dimension Reduction (2007)

Parameterized circuit models are desired at various VLSI design stages to account for the increasing process-induced performance variations. However, the large number of process variation sources encountered in modern VLSI technologies often lead to overly complex parameterized models whose generation as well as application is computationally expensive. In this paper, we address this challenge by proposing a general VLSI parameter dimension reduction technique that can produce more compact parameterized models in a compressed set of variation variables. Unlike the widely used principle component analysis (PCA), our new approach is based upon the powerful reduced rank regression (RRR) theory and can lead to a much greater reduction of the parameter space due to the consideration of design-specific structural information. The application of our parameter reduction technique is demonstrated under the context of digital circuit timing simulation and analog macromodeling. Our experimental results have indicated an up to 10times reduction of the parameter space. The application of these compact parameterized models is also outlined under the context of system-level analysis
Wear of congruent meniscal bearings in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (1998)

Many designs of unicompartmental knee replacement show early and mid-term failure due to polyethylene wear. We studied the wear rate of congruent polyethylene meniscal bearings retrieved from failed Oxford unicompartmental knee replacements. We examined 16 bearings, 0.8 to 12.8 years after implantation, measuring their thickness and comparing it with that of 14 unused bearings. The mean rate of penetration, which included the effects of wear at both upper and lower surfaces, was 0.036 mm per year (maximum 0.08). Bearings as thin as 3.5 mm wore no faster than thicker models, but ten with evidence of impingement had greater wear. The six bearings with no impingement showed a mean rate of penetration of 0.01 mm per year. In unicompartmental knee replacement, careful implantation of fully congruous meniscal bearings can avoid failure due to polyethylene wear.
Incidence of bowel injury due to dense adhesions at the sight of direct trocar insertion. (1992)

A retrospective review of 4,532 outpatient laparoscopic procedures was conducted to determine the frequency of dense bowel adhesions at the level of the umbilicus. The umbilicus is the classical site of entry for the laparoscopic trocar. Using direct trocar insertion in all cases we encountered four bowel injuries. Bowel adhesion to the insertion site was noted in one case.
<title>Capabilities and limitations of a cone-penetrometer-deployed fiber optic laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) petroleum oil and lubricant (POL) sensor</title> (1995)

Data from a new field screening technique using a fiber optic laser induced fluorescence (LIF) petroleum, oil, and lubricant (POL) chemical sensor deployed from a truck mounted cone penetrometer is presented. The system provides real-time, in situ measurement of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination and soil type to a maximum depth of 150 feet with a vertical spacing of two inches. Each depth measurement records the fluorescent spectrum from 350 to 720 nm. Spectral signatures can be used to track a single or multiple contaminants across a site. Real-time measurement permits on site interpretation and `plume chasing.' Field data from SCAPS (Navy) field operations is presented to show how the system can be used for rapid three-dimensional delineation of a POL contaminant plume.
Mode-locking of diode laser-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 1.3μm (1989)

We report on the development of a mode-locked AlGaAs diode laser pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.3μm. The laser produces pulses of 47 ps duration with a timebandwidth product of 0.42, which is close to the limit for Gaussian pulses.
Relationship Between Mammographic and Histological Risk Factors for Breast Cancer (1992)

Journal Article Relationship Between Mammographic and Histological Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Get access N. F. Boyd, N. F. Boyd Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. M. Jensen, H. M. Jensen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Cooke, G. Cooke Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Lee Han H. Lee Han Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 15, 5 August 1992, Pages 1170–1179, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.15.1170 Published: 05 August 1992 Article history Received: 21 January 1992 Revision received: 19 March 1992 Accepted: 12 May 1992 Published: 05 August 1992
Home monitoring for congestive heart failure patients. (1995)

Congestive heart failure eats up a lot of this country's health care dollars. Posthospitalization care is important to preclude readmissions and keep costs down. Telemedicine offers a solution to this challenge.