gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermochemical Water Decomposition Processes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochemical Water Decomposition ProcessesRaúl E. ChaoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1974, 13, 2, 94–101Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360050a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i360050a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In vivo isomerization of retinoic acids. Rapid isomer exchange and gene expression. (1994)

The in vivo isomerization of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acids (RAs) was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography after oral administration to rats. All-trans (2 ng/ml)- and 13-cis (1.8 ng/ml)-RAs, but not 9-cis-RA, were detected in the serum of normal rats. When an excess of either all-trans-RA or 9-cis-RA (100 micrograms/rat) was intragastrically administered to the retinoid-depleted rats, a rapid isomer exchange between 9-cis- and all-trans-RAs along with appearance of the administered RA occurred shortly after the dose (30 min). RA rapidly isomerized when an excess of either all-trans- or 9-cis-RA (1 mg/rat) was administered to normal rats. To examine whether the isomerized RAs elicit biological actions in vivo, the induction of target genes-[cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBP II) for 9-cis-RA and all-trans-retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta) for 9-cis- and all-trans-RAs] was determined. The degree of induction of the two genes did not differ 4 h after administration of either 9-cis-RA or all-trans-RA. However, unlike all-trans-RA, the RAR-specific synthetic retinoids did not induce the CRBP II gene. These results suggested that the apparent actions of 9-cis- and all-trans-RAs on gene expression in vivo may be mediated to some extent by the converted stereoisomer.
A Novel Albumin-Based Tissue Scaffold for Autogenic Tissue Engineering Applications (2014)

Tissue scaffolds provide a framework for living tissue regeneration. However, traditional tissue scaffolds are exogenous, composed of metals, ceramics, polymers, and animal tissues, and have a defined biocompatibility and application. This study presents a new method for obtaining a tissue scaffold from blood albumin, the major protein in mammalian blood. Human, bovine, and porcine albumin was polymerised into albumin polymers by microbial transglutaminase and was then cast by freeze-drying-based moulding to form albumin tissue scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy and material testing analyses revealed that the albumin tissue scaffold possesses an extremely porous structure, moderate mechanical strength, and resilience. Using a culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a model, we showed that MSCs can be seeded and grown in the albumin tissue scaffold. Furthermore, the albumin tissue scaffold can support the long-term osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These results show that the albumin tissue scaffold exhibits favourable material properties and good compatibility with cells. We propose that this novel tissue scaffold can satisfy essential needs in tissue engineering as a general-purpose substrate. The use of this scaffold could lead to the development of new methods of artificial fabrication of autogenic tissue substitutes.
The performance analysis of microwave photonic frequency conversion using double-sideband suppressed-carrier and balance detection (2015)

In this paper, on basis of DPMZM (Dual-Parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator), an approach for microwave photonic frequency conversion using DSSC(double-sideband suppressed-carrier) and balance detection is demonstrated. DSSC and balance detection were used to realize high harmonic suppression and high inter-modulation suppression, to achieve frequency conversion signal with high power and high spectrum purity. In addition, theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the optimal modulation index is m1=0.72, m2=0.33, the harmonic suppression is 33dB, the inter-modulation suppression is 56dB. In addition to the excellent suppression ability, it has high RF(radio frequency) gain and low NF(noise figure), the simulated results showed that NF is 19.3025dB when the input RF frequency is 8GHz, and the frequency of frequency conversion signal is 1GHz.
Unconventional cryptographic keying variable management (1995)

We present three unconventional approaches to keying variable management. The first approach is based on using a public key cryptosystem (PKC) that is breakable in short, but on average less, time than it takes to set up an ultrawide bandwidth modem that is then used to transport a keying variable for a classical cryptosystem. The second concept proposes using the characteristics of an urban UHF radio channel, determined by mutual sounding, as the cryptovariable. The third concept encourages research into ill-conditioned problems as potentially fruitful ground for PKCs not based on finite field arithmetic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Graphene and its one-dimensional patterns: from basic properties towards applications (2010)

Abstract Graphene, a carbon material discovered in 2004 by a group of scientists at the University of Manchester, UK, has been attracting significant attention in both fundamental and applied studies. Due to the rapid increase in the number of articles on this material since its discovery, a range of readers, particularly those just beginning to learn about this material, are turning to various different sources. The purpose of this article is to create a bridge between the key aspects of this material in experimental and theoretical investigations, as well as in fundamental and applied studies, aiming to provide a basic understanding of this material for those who are new to it. The presentation in this article is thus not particularly academic. The content focuses on four themes, including fabrication methods, basic properties, potential for application and some typical research directions for this magic carbon material.
C-terminal extension of rice glutamate decarboxylase (OsGAD2) functions as an autoinhibitory domain and overexpression of a truncated mutant results in the accumulation of extremely high levels of GABA in plant cells (2007)

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) converts L-glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a non-protein amino acid present in all organisms. Plant GADs carry a C-terminal extension that binds to Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM) to modulate enzyme activity. However, rice possesses two distinct types of GAD, OsGAD1 and OsGAD2. Although they both have a C-terminal extension, the former peptide contains an authentic CaM-binding domain (CaMBD), which is common to dicotyledonous plants, while the latter does not. Therefore, the role of the C-terminal extension in functional expression of OsGAD2 was investigated. An in vitro enzyme assay using recombinant OsGAD2 proteins revealed low activity in the presence or absence of Ca(2+)/CaM. However, a truncated version of GAD2 (OsGAD2DeltaC) had over 40-fold higher activity than wild-type GAD at physiological pH. These two DNA constructs were introduced simultaneously into rice calli via Agrobacterium to establish transgenic cell lines. Free amino acids were isolated from several lines for each construct to determine GABA content. Calli overexpressing OsGAD2 and OsGAD2DeltaC had about 6-fold and 100-fold the GABA content of wild-type calli, respectively. Regenerated OsGAD2DeltaC rice plants had aberrant phenotypes such as dwarfism, etiolated leaves, and sterility. These data suggest that the C-terminal extension of OsGAD2 plays a role as a strong autoinhibitory domain, and that truncation of this domain causes the enzyme to act constitutively, with higher activity both in vitro and in vivo.
Packet Size Optimization for Goodput Enhancement of Multi-Rate Wireless Networks (2007)

In this paper, we propose a link adaptation scheme to adapt the packet size as a crucial system parameter for quality of service (QoS) provisioning in multi-rate wireless networks. The link adaptation scheme combines adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer with type-II hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) at the data link layer in a cross-layer fashion. We then study the goodput performance of the proposed link adaptation scheme at the medium access control (MAC) layer. We show that there exists an optimal packet size to achieve the maximum goodput in transmitting messages over transport layer sessions. Based on this observation, we provide an efficient and effective algorithm to search the optimal packet size. Finally, we propose a link adaptation architecture, through which the proposed link adaptation scheme can adapt packet sizes to instantaneous channel conditions to fulfill committed QoS in higher layers. Numerical results show that the system adopting the proposed optimal packet sizes has superior goodput performance over the systems using fixed packet sizes.
Dark Doings in Tuscany (1993)

After quoting Coleridge’s praise of the heroine as Shakespeare’s ‘loveliest creation’, Bertrand Evans concludes his analysis of All’s Well that Ends Well by graphically presenting his own version of Helena: Bertram, he says, ‘has been scratched deep by the longest and stealthiest nails in Shakespeare’.1 This opposition of superlatives will point the way to the most worrying problem in All’s Well: is Helena a lovely and loving woman capable of the greatest self-sacrifice, with healing powers for physical and moral ailments, or a secretive and calculating husband-hunter who cares nothing for the means by which she attains her personal ends? And is there a compositional fault in the difficulty of deciding?
A Versatile Gradient Elution Device for HPLC (1977)

Journal Article A Versatile Gradient Elution Device for HPLC Get access D.L. Saunders D.L. Saunders Union Oil Company, Research Department, P.O. Box 76, Brea, California 92621 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 15, Issue 3-4, March 1977, Pages 129–136, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/15.3-4.129 Published: 01 March 1977 Article history Received: 09 December 1976 Published: 01 March 1977
Effects of selective inhibition of cathepsin B and general inhibition of cysteine proteinases on lysosomal proteolysis in rat liver <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (1992)

Intraperitoneal administration of N-(L-trans-propylcarbamoyloxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-isoleucyl-L-prolin e (CA-074) to rats at a dose of 4 mg/100 g greatly inhibited cathepsin-B activity in both liver and kidney for at least 4 h. Its inhibitory effect was selective for cathepsin-B activity in the liver but not in the kidney. The effects of selective inhibition of cathepsin-B activity by CA-074 treatment, and general inhibition of cysteine proteinases by N-(L-3-trans-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl-3-methylbutylamid e (E-64-c) on the degradation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled asialofetuin in liver lysosomes, were examined in vivo. Undegraded or partially degraded FITC-labeled asialofetuin and its FITC-labeled degradation products were both found in the lysosomes and were easily separated by Sephadex G-25' column chromatography. The FITC-labeled degradation products were mainly lysine with an FITC-labeled epsilon-amino group. Accumulation of undegraded or partially degraded FITC-labeled asialofetuin in the lysosomes was marked after E-64-c treatment, but slight after CA-074 treatment. Under the marked inhibition of general lysosomal cysteine-proteinase activity by E-64-c or marked selective inhibition of cathepsin-B activity by CA-074 in vitro, degradation of FITC-labeled asialofetuin by disrupted lysosomes was analyzed on the basis of measurement of FITC-labeled degradation products by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography. It was suppressed markedly but incompletely by E-64-c as well as by CA-074, but more weakly than by E-64-c. These results shows that E-64-sensitive cysteine proteinases are important in lysosomal protein degradation, but cathepsin B has only a role in part and that an E-64-resistant proteinase(s) may also be important.
Interleukin‐11: A gp130 Cytokine (1998)

Interleukin (IL)-11 is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. Comparison of IL-11 with another gp130 family member, IL-6, indicates that these two cytokines share many overlapping signal transduction mechanisms. However, unlike IL-6, treatment of patients with a recombinant human form of IL-11 (rhIL-11) does not increase body temperature, suggesting significant differences in the in vivo function of these two molecules. Recent studies demonstrate that IL-11 has potent anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of preclinical animal models of disease. rhIL-11 reduces production of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-12 from activated macrophages. This effect on proinflammatory cytokine production is mediated at the transcriptional level by inhibition of the transcription factor, NF- kappa B. To further understand the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of rhIL-11 and to elucidate differences between IL-11 and IL-6 signal transduction pathways, the effects of these two cytokines on in vitro macrophage function were compared.
Novel quaternary ammonium penems: The ((pyridinio)methyl)phenyl derivatives. (1987)

Synthese et etude biologique d'hydroxy-1' methyl-6 penemecarboxylates-3 substitues en 2 par pyridiniomethyl-4' phenyl-X-(X=-OCH 2 , -CO-O-CH 2 -, -NH-CO-O-CH 2 -)
Microneutralization assay titer correlates analysis in two phase 3 trials of the CYD-TDV tetravalent dengue vaccine in Asia and Latin America (2020)

We previously showed that Month 13 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against dengue virus (DENV) correlated with vaccine efficacy (VE) of CYD-TDV against symptomatic, virologically-confirmed dengue (VCD) in the CYD14 and CYD15 Phase 3 trials. While PRNT is the gold standard nAb assay, it is time-consuming and costly. We developed a next-generation high-throughput microneutralization (MN) assay and assessed its suitability for immune-correlates analyses and immuno-bridging applications. We analyzed MN and PRNT50 titers measured at baseline and Month 13 in a randomly sampled immunogenicity subset, and at Month 13 in nearly all VCD cases through Month 25. For each serotype, MN and PRNT50 titers showed high correlations, at both baseline and Month 13, with MN yielding a higher frequency of baseline-seronegatives. For both assays, Month 13 titer correlated inversely with VCD risk. Like PRNT50, high Month 13 MN titers were associated with high VE, and estimated VE increased with average Month 13 MN titer. We also studied each assay as a valid surrogate endpoint based on the Prentice criteria, which supported each assay as a valid surrogate for DENV-1 but only partially valid for DENV-2, -3, and -4. In addition, we applied Super-Learner to assess how well demographic, Month 13 MN, and/or Month 13 PRNT50 titers could predict Month 13-25 VCD outcome status; prediction was best when using demographic, MN, and PRNT50 information. We conclude that Month 13 MN titer performs comparably to Month 13 PRNT50 titer as a correlate of risk, correlate of vaccine efficacy, and surrogate endpoint. The MN assay could potentially be used to assess nAb titers in immunogenicity studies, immune-correlates studies, and immuno-bridging applications. Additional research would be needed for assessing the utility of MN titer in correlates analyses of other DENV endpoints and over longer follow-up periods.
Detection and Identification of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Bovine Diarrhoeic Fecal Samples by Immunomagnetic Separation and Multiplex PCR Assay (2007)

The aim of this study was to use the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) test plus a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) assay to detect Salmonella at genus level and also for the identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in bovine diarrhoeic fecal samples. In all, 400 bovine diarrhoeic fecal specimens were examined by conventional bacterial culture, IMS, and m-PCR. For m-PCR assay, four set primers were selected: 139-141, specific for inv-A gene of Salmonella spp and the RfbJ, FliC and FljB, specific for the rfbJ, FliC and fljB genes of Salmonella Typhimurium or other Salmonella serovars with similar antigenic properties. Thirty-three (8.25%) out of the 400 fecal samples were culture positive for Salmonella serovars. Of these, 66.7% (22 of 33) were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and 9.1% (three of 33) were serovar Dublin. In the IMS + m-PCR, four amplified product (663, 526, 284 and 183 bp) were found in all specimens that had serovar Typhimurium (4,5,12:i:1,2), they corresponded, respectively, to the rfbJ, fljB, inv-A and Flic genes of this serovar. In serovar Dublin (1,9,12:g,p:-), Georgia (6,7:b:e,n,z(15)) and, Enteritidis (1,9,12;g,m:-) only one PCR product (284 bp) was amplified from the inv-A gene. In serovars Augustenborg (6,7:i:1,2) and Lindenburg (6,8:i:1,2) three positive bands (526, 284 and 183 bp) were amplified corresponding to the fljB, inv-A and Flic genes, respectively. In serovar Virchow (6,7:r:1,2) two amplified products (284 and 526 bp) from the inv-A and FliC genes were observed. In serovar Gloucster (1,4,12(27):i:1,w) three fragments (183, 284 and 663) from the FliC, inv-A and, rfbJ genes respectively, were observed. In the positive control as expected, four PCR products were amplified corresponding to the FliC, inv-A, fljB and rfbJ genes, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that detection of Salmonella at genus level with universal ST139-141 primers and identification of Salmonella Typhimurium by using specific primers of O4, H(2):1, 2 and H(1) antigens can potentially permit to more readily evaluate fecal and other types of samples for the presence of these organisms. Compared to bacteriological culture the combination of IMS and m-PCR resulted a faster method for the detection and identification of Salmonella at genus and serovar level by using of universal and specific primers.
Experimental determination of the elastic modulus of crystalline regions in oriented polymers (1962)

Abstract The elastic modulus of the crystalline regions in some oriented polymers was determined. An x‐ray diffractometer specially constructed for this purpose was used, and the lattice extension in the direction of the fiber axis was measured under application of a direct load. Usually a meridional reflection was used for the measurement of the lattice extension, but in the case where no strong meridional reflection exists a reflection from planes which are almost perpendicular to the fiber axis of the crystallites was used. The elastic modulus was calculated under the assumption of a simple series model. The values found are as follows: polyvinyl alcohol, 255 × 10 4 kg./cm. 2 ; polyethylene, 240 × 10 4 kg./cm. 2 ; polypropylene, 42 × 10 4 kg./cm. 2 ; polyoxymethylene, 54 × 10 4 kg./cm. 2 ; cellulose, 137 × 10 4 kg./cm. 2 ; polyvinylidene chloride, 41.5 × 10 4 kg./cm. 2 .
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Heights in Normal Subjects and Patients with Disc Herniation (1985)

A method for the measurement of intervertebral disc heights from lateral radiographs obtained in controlled conditions was examined for intra- and interobserver errors. The use of a strict criterion for the positioning of marks on the images of the vertebrae was shown to enable reproducible measurements to be made with a maximum error of 0.7 mm. Measurements of anterior and posterior disc heights and disc depths were made for 11 normal subjects and ten male patients with prolapsed intervertebral discs, while standing upright. The level of the prolapsed discs were shown to have reduced height compared with normal before surgery, and further narrowing 3 months after surgery. The unaffected discs of the patients were the same height as those of the controls. The technique is proposed as suitable for the investigation of the effect on intervertebral discs of procedures such as the injection of chymopapain.
Pilot Design of MIMO-OFDM with Beamforming (2009)

Reference symbols (pilots) support coherent detection, but add overhead and consume transmit power. A sophisticated pilot design needs to trade-off the attainable channel estimation accuracy with the induced losses in bandwidth & power efficiency. MIMO transmission, transmit beamforming, and spatial multiplexing further complicate pilot design. In this paper a unified analytical framework is developed to evaluate the attainable spectral efficiency of different pilot types for MIMO- OFDM employing fixed transmit beamforming.
3,6-Disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles: synthesis, antimicrobial and antiviral activity. II. (1996)

A series of novel 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole derivatives was prepared and tested to evaluate their antimycotic and antibacterial activities. Anti-HIV-1 activity has also been investigated. Among the test compounds, derivatives 10a-14a and 16c showed anti-HIV-1 activity at concentrations slightly below those cytotoxic. Substitutions at 3 and 6 positions seems to be important in lowering the cytotoxicity of compounds.
NSNS RFQ mechanical design (2002)

A 402.5 MHz, 6% duty factor RFQ is being designed for the National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS). The 6% duty factor and RFQ length will present formidable design challenges. To this end, an RFQ materials test program is underway. A cold model test facility is being designed. Results of cooling calculations have begun. Plans for cavity construction, RF and vacuum seals, alignment, structural support and hot models are discussed.
Deep-Water Animation and Rendering (2001)

In this paper we introduces a new realtime level-of-detail deepwater animation scheme, which uses many different proven water models. In addition we show how to utilities today’s latest graphic hardware for realistic rendering of oceans.