gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inertial Energy Storage Research at The University of Texas at Austin (2016)

During the past few years the Energy Storage Group at the University of Texas has been doing research on the design, theory, and application of homopolar machines. Two machines (0.5 MJ and 5.0 MJ} have been built and a third machine is now under construction. This third machine is intended to study the fundamental limitations in fast discharging homopolar machines. Studies have been conducted on other homopolar systems with energy storage of up to 63 GJ. Experimental research areas discussed include brush testing, electromagnetic bearings, and welding. Theoretical areas include pulse compression and magnetic field mapping (static and transient codes with nonlinear material properties have been written). Other applications of homopolar machines including research, military, and industrial uses have been investigated and are discussed. Funding for this program has been provided by the Texas Atomic Energy Research Foundation (TAERF), the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).
Paediatric Follow up of Pregnancies Complicated by Subnormal Oestriol Excretion (1979)

WADE, RHYL W.; PEPPERELL, ROGER J.; KITCHEN, WILLIAM H.; WHITESIDE, URSULA; CAMERON, SHIRLEY E.; TOWNSEND, SIR LANCE Author Information
The Rearrangement of <i>tert</i>-Butylperoxides for the Construction of Polysubstituted Furans (2013)

The Brønsted acid catalyzed rearrangement of tert-butyl peroxides provides a new strategy to construct 2,3-disubstituted furans via 1,2-aryl migration. In addition, tert-butyl peroxides could also be transformed into 2,3,5-trisubstituted or 2,5-disubstituted furans through a sequence of base-catalyzed Kornblum-DelaMare rearrangements and acid-promoted Paal-Knorr reactions.
Efficacy and safety of guselkumab in patients with psoriasis who have an inadequate response to ustekinumab: results of the randomized, double‐blind, phase <scp>III NAVIGATE</scp> trial (2017)

Patients treated with ustekinumab who did not achieve an IGA of 0/1 by week 16 derived significant benefit from switching to guselkumab.
Vaccines to combat smoking (2008)

Immunization with a nicotine vaccine generates drug-specific antibodies that sequester some of the nicotine in the peripheral circulation preventing it from entering the brain, thus decreasing its addictive effects. Albeit promising, much more research is necessary to identify more efficacious vaccine designs and formulations, as well as optimal immunization regimens. A further understanding of the factors contributing to the substantial individual differences in immunogenicity to these vaccines and how to best use vaccines in combination with other treatment strategies will increase the success of intervention efforts.
Layout and Radiation Tolerance Issues in High-Speed Links (2015)

High-speed optical links are often used in trigger and data acquisition systems of High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments for data transfer, trigger and fast control distribution. Many experiments prefer the use of commercial off-the-shelf components (COTS) if possible, in order to avoid the non-recurrent engineering (NRE) costs and risks associated with the design of application specific integrated circuits. For the mentioned reason, static random access memory-based field programmable gate arrays (SRAM-based FPGAs) are usually deployed. However they are mostly used off-detector, where little or no radiation is present, since single event upsets in the configuration memory may alter the design functionality. In order to benefit from SRAM-based FPGAs also in radiation environments expected on-detector, suitable soft-error mitigation strategies must be adopted. In this work we evaluate the design trade-offs between performance and radiation-tolerance in a high-speed fixed-latency link based on a Virtex-5 SRAM-based FPGA. We evaluate different radiation mitigation strategies. Moreover, we experimentally verify some custom-developed placement and routing rules aimed at improving the FPGA firmware robustness against configuration upsets.
Electrospun Black Titania Nanofibers: Influence of Hydrogen Plasma-Induced Disorder on the Electronic Structure and Photoelectrochemical Performance (2015)

<p>This work encompasses a facile method for tailoring surface defects in electrospun TiO2 nanofibers by employing hydrogen plasma treatments. This amiable processing method was proven with SQUID, EPR, and XPS to be highly effective in generating oxygen vacancies, accompanied by the reduction of Ti4+ centers to Ti3+, resulting in the formation of black titania. The treatment temperature was found to affect the Ti3+/Ti4+ ratios and surface valence, while preserving the original 1D morphology of the titania fibers. Ab initio DFT calculations showed that a high concentration of oxygen vacancies is highly efficient in producing midgap states that enhance the system absorption over the whole visible range, as observed with UV/vis/NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Pristine TiO2 nanofibers produced a photocurrent density of similar to 0.02 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs RHE, whereas the hydrogen plasma treatment resulted in up to a 10-fold increase in the photoelectrochemical performance.</p>
G>C SNP of thymidylate synthase with respect to colorectal cancer.Pharmacogenomics. 2007 Aug;8(8):985-96.PMID: 17716232 (2007)

Several studies indicate that low thymidylate synthase (TS) protein levels in tumor and normal tissues of colorectal cancer patients are associated with better clinical response to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and higher risk of toxicity. However no correlation or even reverse correlation has also been reported. These conflicting results may be partly due to the methodological limitations of the immunohistochemical techniques generally used to quantify thymidylate synthase expression. In this sense, a genetic approach aiming at determining the influence of the TS gene polymorphisms on clinical outcome seems more appealing. So far three polymorphisms have been identified and studied in the TYMS gene: the variable number of 28-bp tandem repeats (2R or 3R) in the 5'UTR; the G > C substitution at the 12th nucleoticle in the second repeat of the 3R allele (3RG > 3RC) and the 6-bp deletion in the 3'UTR (+6bp/-6bp 3'UTR). In vitro studies indicate that each of these polymorphisms can influence thymidylate synthase expression. In particular, the G > C SNIP, which alters the E-box sequence binding an upstream stimulatory factor (USF-1), seems more important than the variable number of tandem repeats in determining TS gene expression in that the 3RC allele has a reduced translational activity compared with the 3RG allele, while showing the same activity as the 2R allele. In contrast with the in vitro findings, the clinical studies in colorectal patients failed to find a consistent relationship between the G > C polymorphism and clinical outcome measures (response, survival or toxicity). This discrepancy may be due to methodological heterogeneities amongst the studies, including genotyping in normal or tumor tissues, loss of heterozygosity in tumor cells not evaluated, variable doses and schedules of fluorouracil-based therapy, and variable tumor stage. The complexity of TYMS gene regulation, and the possibility that other polymorphisms may contribute to fluorouracil response, call for further studies before TYMS genotyping can be used in clinical practice to select colorectal cancer patients who are most likely to benefit from chemotherapy.
A novel α-glucosidase from the acidophilic archaeon<i>Ferroplasma acidiphilum</i>strain Y with high transglycosylation activity and an unusual catalytic nucleophile (2005)

Ferroplasma acidiphilum strain Y (DSM 12658), a ferrous iron-oxidizing, acidophilic and mesophilic archaeon, was found to produce a membrane-bound alpha-glucosidase (alphaGluFa) showing no significant similarity to any of the known glycoside hydrolases classified in different families and having an unusual catalytic site consisting of a threonine and a histidine residue. The highest alpha-glucosidase activity was found at low pH, 2.4-3.5, and the substrate preference order was: sucrose>maltose>maltotriose >>maltotetraose>>malto-oligosaccharides from maltopentaose to maltoheptaose>>>soluble starch (kcat/K(m) was 293.0, 197.0, 18.8, 0.3 and 0.02 s(-1) x mM(-1) respectively). The enzyme was able to transfer glucosyl groups from maltose as donor, to produce exclusively maltotriose (up to 300 g/l). Chemical modification and electrospray ionization MS analysis of 5-fluoro-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-enzyme derivatives, coupled with site-directed mutagenesis, strongly suggested that the putative catalytic nucleophile in this enzyme is Thr212. Iron was found to be essential for enzyme activity and integrity, and His390 was shown to be essential for iron binding. These results suggest that the metalloenzyme alphaGluFa is a new member of the glycosyl hydrolase family that uses a novel mechanism for sugar glycosylation and/or transglycosylation.
Template-guided breast US. (1992)

The authors modified a standard breast compression plate to allow ultrasound (US) scanning to be performed in the longitudinal and transverse directions with the breast positioned craniocaudally or laterally in a mammographic unit. The technique allows quick mammographic-US correlation of lesions, characterization of lesions as cystic, solid, or indeterminate, and the ability (with coordinates marked on the plate) to proceed directly with aspiration of sonographically indeterminate lesions.
Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme by Synthetic Peptides of Human β-Casein (1989)

The possible roles of caseins as exorphins, immunostimulants and hypotensive agents have recently been suggested by several groups. In an attempt to prove the existence and to elucidate the physiological significance of peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in milk proteins, we synthesized a total of 69 peptide fragments of human ^-casein, in which a proline residue was placed at the C-terminus for the ACE inhibitory activity. It was found that the peptides with potent inhibitory activity in vitro were located in the region of amino acid residues 39 ~ 52 of human p- casein. All the peptides within this sequence (39~52) had potent ACE inhibitory activity. The most potent inhibitor was a decapeptide, Ser-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Pro-Leu-Ile-Tyr-Pro (IC50 = 1.4 μm), which was also active in vivo.
Formation of lithiated adducts of glycerophosphocholine lipids facilitates their identification by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (1998)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) has simplified analysis of phospholipid mixtures, and, in negative ion mode, permits structural identification of picomole amounts of phospholipid species. Collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) of phospholipid anions yields negative ion tandem mass spectra that contain fragment ions representing the fatty acid substituents as carboxylate anions. Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) lipids contain a quaternary nitrogen moiety and more readily form cationic adducts than anionic species, and positive ion tandem mass spectra of protonated GPC species contain no abundant ions that identify fatty acid substituents. We report here that lithiated adducts of GPC species are readily formed by adding lithium hydroxide to the solution in which phospholipid mixtures are infused into the ESI source. CAD of [MLi+] ions of GPC species yields tandem mass spectra that contain prominent ions representing losses of the fatty acid substituents. These ions and their relative abundances can be used to assign the identities and positions of the fatty acid substituents of GPC species. Tandem mass spectrometric scans monitoring neutral losses of the head-group or of fatty acid substituents from lithiated adducts can be used to identify GPC species in tissue phospholipid mixtures. Similar scans monitoring parents of specific product ions can also be used to identify the fatty acid substituents of GPC species, and this facilitates identification of distinct isobaric contributors to ions observed in the ESI/MS total ion current.
Underwater Sustainability of the “Cassie” State of Wetting (2009)

A rough hydrophobic surface when immersed in water can result in a "Cassie" state of wetting in which the water is in contact with both the solid surface and the entrapped air. The sustainability of the entrapped air on such surfaces is important for underwater applications such as reduction of flow resistance in microchannels and drag reduction of submerged bodies such as hydrofoils. We utilize an optical technique based on total internal reflection of light at the water-air interface to quantify the spatial distribution of trapped air on such a surface and its variation with immersion time. With this technique, we evaluate the sustainability of the Cassie state on hydrophobic surfaces with four different kinds of textures. The textures studied are regular arrays of pillars, ridges, and holes that were created in silicon by a wet etching technique, and also a texture of random craters that was obtained through electrodischarge machining of aluminum. These surfaces were rendered hydrophobic with a self-assembled layer of fluorooctyl trichlorosilane. Depending on the texture, the size and shape of the trapped air pockets were found to vary. However, irrespective of the texture, both the size and the number of air pockets were found to decrease with time gradually and eventually disappear, suggesting that the sustainability of the "Cassie" state is finite for all the microstructures studied. This is possibly due to diffusion of air from the trapped air pockets into the water. The time scale for disappearance of air pockets was found to depend on the kind of microstructure and the hydrostatic pressure at the water-air interface. For the surface with a regular array of pillars, the air pockets were found to be in the form of a thin layer perched on top of the pillars with a large lateral extent compared to the spacing between pillars. For other surfaces studied, the air pockets are smaller and are of the same order as the characteristic length scale of the texture. Measurements for the surface with holes indicate that the time for air-pocket disappearance reduces as the hydrostatic pressure is increased.
Perfusion culture of fetal human hepatocytes in PDMS bioreactors (2004)

New bioreactors composed of several layers of microstructured PDMS have been fabricated for perfusion culture of mammalian cells. We previously tested the bioreactors with human hepatocarcinoma Hep G2 and mouse fibroblast 3T3-L1 cells to investigate the feasibilities of microfluidic/MEMS bioreactors in the field of tissue engineering. As a new feature of those bioreactors, cultivation of fetal human hepatocytes (FHH) was attempted, because they have high possibility to mature in vivo with preserving their normality, which is suitable for implantation studies of in vitro reconstituted liver tissue. During the perfusion culture of the PDMS bioreactors for one week, cells showed good attachment, spreading and reaching their confluence over the channels of the bioreactors. Their daily albumin production was significantly enhanced in the perfusion culture using the PDMS bioreactors when compared with that in static culture using conventional tissue-culture-treated dishes. This conclusion is encouraging toward future liver tissue engineering based on microfabrication technologies and in vitro propagation and maturation of hepatocytes progenitors.
Design of compact loop-wire medium at radio frequencies for magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

In this paper we show how loop wire medium can allow to tune the index of refraction of metamaterial. The principle and a equivalent circuit is presented in a first time. Then in order to show the influence of their geometric parameters on the plasma frequency, simulations of loop wire medium with a program based on method of moment (MoM) are driven. Comparison with classical wire medium show a decrease of the plasma frequency. In a second step, simulations of loop wire medium combined with a negative permeability structure are carried out, to show their influence on the negative index of refraction: extraction of the negative index of refraction shows a decrease in the presence of medium with high inductance.
Ultraviolet radiation from welding and possible risk of skin and ocular malignancy (2004)

Arc welding produces the full spectrum of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It is possible that welders are at greater risk of developing skin cancer than the general population, but there is a dearth of well designed studies in this area. The only major study of the relationship between arc welding and skin cancer risk did not reveal an increased incidence of skin cancer in welders. As the welders examined were all well protected and the length-of-exposure period was limited, the findings cannot be generalised to all welders. Studies have demonstrated that welding increases the risk of ocular melanoma. Just as we urge the public to protect themselves from UVR, we need to consider similar advice for arc welders.
ANALYSIS OF SEPARATION MINIMA USING A SURVEILLANCE STATE VECTOR APPROACH (2000)

Many proposed strategies for increasing airspace capacity call for a reduction in separation minima. Before they can be implemented, methods of modeling these procedural or technical changes are essential to ensure that safety is maintained. A surveillance state vector approach based on a combination of traditional dynamic states (position, velocity and acceleration) with higher order intent and goal states is presented. The relevance and implications of uncertainty in each of the states is discussed. Due to its fundamental importance to separation assurance, the concept of intent is presented in detail, along with examples of its interpretation and use in today’s ATC environment. Relationships between state uncertainty and current separation minima are presented to highlight the potential of this approach. By analyzing the effect of new technology or procedures on the surveillance state vector components, implications for the separation minima can be assessed.
A CASE REPORT OF DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA THROUGH THE FORAMEN OF MORGAGNI (1983)

[in Japanese]
Seamless tiling of amorphous silicon photodiode-TFT arrays for very large area X-ray image sensors [digital radiography] (1998)

We propose a method for producing a truly seamless tiled image sensor from four identical subarrays, such that the resulting tiled image sensor has no missing pixels. Four standard amorphous silicon photodiode-TFT (thin film transistor) arrays are cut parallel to the bus-bars, in the space between the bus-bar and the preceding pixel electrode. The cut is done in such a way that it is adjacent to the pixel electrode on the active plate. The four subarrays are then rotated by 90 degrees, with respect to their neighbors, and butted together. In this way, the seam between each tile has no adjacent bus-bar, and it is possible to reproduce the pixel pitch between neighboring tiles, with an acceptable alignment tolerance of the tiles. We have demonstrated the feasibility of the method, with the aid of a small prototype, based on a 192 x 192 pixel array, with a 200-microm pitch. Some image processing is necessary to rotate the images back for display on a conventional display monitor. This can cause artefacts, in some fast moving scenes, in which case an alternative scheme, which uses two mirror image arrays, each rotated by 180 degrees, can be used. However, for static X-ray images and most images in dynamic medical X-ray applications this is not necessary and we can obtain good quality seamless images, free from any significant artefacts.
Preparing the organizational ‘soil’ for<i>measurable and sustainable</i>change: business value management and project governance (2004)

Herein we illustrate how an 800 person insurance company (INSURECO1) has transformed itself into a company capable of quantifiably managing significant and expensive change efforts across its enter...
Kansas risk management laws and nursing practice: approaches towards compliance in reporting substandard nursing practice in acute care facilities. (1993)

This article provides a structural outline of the many basic elements needing to be considered when institutions are developing a system for review of incidents that may fall below the applicable standard of care. Details for program development need to be explored and implemented with the mindset that the process will be modified and continuously improved over time. Protecting the interest of the individual licensee, the healthcare institution and the public are important aspects that demand attention when complying with the Kansas Risk Management Laws as they pertain to nursing practice.
Fabrication of Functionally Graded and Aligned Porosity in Thin Ceramic Substrates With the Novel Freeze–Tape‐Casting Process (2007)

Functionally graded and continuously aligned pore structures have been fabricated by a modified tape‐casting process for use as solid oxide fuel cell electrodes, catalysts, sensors, and filtration/separation devices. Pore gradients from <5 to 100 μm and aligned pore tubules have been directly fabricated in various ceramic materials with thin substrate sections approximately 500–1500 μm utilizing both low‐toxicity aqueous‐based slips and organic solvents. This process allows for the generation of pores without the use of thermally fugitive pore formers in a single processing step with no need for tape lamination. The incorporation of tape casting, unidirectional solidification, and the freeze‐drying process results in uniformly acicular pores aligned with the direction of the moving carrier film. Processing and microstructure variability will be discussed as it pertains to the effects of solids loading, freezing temperatures, and solvent type. Applications for this ceramic processing technology will also be discussed.
Human iliac crest cancellous bone elastic modulus and hardness differ with bone formation rate per bone surface but not by existence of prevalent vertebral fracture (2007)

The goals of this study were to measure tissue-level elastic moduli and hardness of human cancellous bone using nanoindentation, and determine the relationship between nanoindentation results and previously measured bone histomorphometric variables and bone mineralization. Forty iliac crest biopsies were used in this study, which were collected from Caucasian females with vertebral fracture or from a normal healthy female Caucasian population. They were also categorized into two groups according to high or low bone formation rate per bone surface (BFR/BS). Thirty-two sites were randomly selected on each specimen for nanoindentation with a Berkovich diamond indenter. Two sets of elastic moduli and hardness were calculated using the continuous stiffness measurement method and the Oliver-Pharr method, respectively. Relationships between nanoindentation results and donor age, bone mineralization, and histomorphometric variables were examined. No difference in elastic moduli or hardness was observed between the normal and fracture groups. Significantly lower elastic moduli were observed in the high BFR/BS group. The elastic moduli and hardness measurements were not significantly correlated with the bone mineralization measured independently in a previous study. Linear correlation between elastic modulus and hardness calculated using the Oliver-Pharr method was not different between the normal and fracture groups or between the high and low BFR/BS groups. Nanoindentation hardness was a very good predictor of bone tissue elastic modulus for both normal and osteoporotic bone tissues. Osteoporosis may not change the relationship between bone tissue elastic modulus, bone hardness, and bone mineralization.