gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow Distribution During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Dependency on the Outflow Cannula Positioning (2009)

Oxygen deficiency in the right brain is a common problem during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This is linked to an insufficient perfusion of the carotid and vertebral artery. The flow to these vessels is strongly influenced by the outflow cannula position, which is traditionally located in the ascending aorta. Another approach however is to return blood via the right subclavian artery. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was performed for both methods and validated by particle image velocimetry (PIV). A 3-dimensional computer aided design model of the cardiovascular (CV) system was generated from realtime computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data. Mesh generation (CFD) and rapid prototyping (PIV) were used for the further model creation. The simulations were performed assuming usual CPB conditions, and the same boundary conditions were applied for the PIV validation. The flow distribution was analyzed for 55 cannula positions inside the aorta and in relation to the distance between the cannula tip and the vertebral artery branch for subclavian cannulation. The study reveals that the Venturi effect due to the cannula jet appears to be the main reason for the loss in cerebral perfusion seen clinically. It provides a PIV-validated CFD method of analyzing the flow distribution in the CV system and can be transferred to other applications.
Diabetes and CKD in the United States Population, 2009–2014 (2017)

Diabetes is strongly associated with both albuminuria and reduced GFR independent of demographics and hypertension, contributing substantially to the burden of CKD in the United States.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of Rigid Three-Dimensional Hofmann Clathrate Derivatives:  The Effects of Pore Size (2008)

The effects of pore size on the hydrogen storage properties of a series of pillared layered solids based on the M(L)[M‘(CN)4] structural motif, where M = Co or Ni, L = pyrazine (pyz), 4,4‘-bipyridine (bpy), or 4,4‘-dipyridylacetylene (dpac), and M‘ = Ni, Pd, or Pt, has been investigated. The compounds all possess slitlike pores with constant in-plane dimensions and similar organic functionality. The pore heights vary as a function of L and provide a means for a systematic investigation of the effects of pore dimension on hydrogen storage properties in porous materials. Hydrogen isotherms were measured at 77 and 87 K up to a pressure of 1 atm. The pyz pillared materials with the smallest pore dimensions store hydrogen at a pore density similar to that of liquid hydrogen. The adsorbed hydrogen density drops by a factor of 2 as the relative pore size is tripled in the dpac material. The decreased storage efficiency diminishes the expected gravimetric gain in capacity for the larger pore materials. The heats of adsorption were found to range from 6 to 8 kJ/mol in the series and weakly correlate with pore size.
Carbamate-resistance in mosquitos. Selection of Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann (=C. quinquefasciatus Say) for resistance to Baygon. (1966)

The authors investigated the rate of development and other characteristics of Baygon-resistance in Culex pipiens fatigans (=C. quinquefasciatus) recently colonized from Southern California. Selective pressure against the larvae (strain L) for 35 generations resulted in 25.4-fold resistance in larvae, but only 3-fold and 4.8-fold resistance in adults, as determined by contact and topical application, respectively. Conversely, selective pressure on adults (strain A) for 24 generations resulted in 8.4-fold (contact) and 5.3-fold (topical) resistance in adults, but only 2.7-fold resistance in larvae. About 10% of strain A adults survived 1-hour contact exposure even when the concentration of Baygon was increased 100-fold. This was not due to enhanced phototropism in this stage. Larvae of strain L metabolized (14)C-labelled Baygon at a rate 2.5-fold greater than the non-selected strain. Cross-resistance in strain L to carbamates closely related to Baygon was high, but was extremely low to remotely related carbamates.The authors consider the relatively slow rate of development of resistance to Baygon, the reduced expressivity of the resistance character in adults, and its specificity for the selective agent and for closely related carbamates to be encouraging indications as to the usefulness of this class of compounds for mosquito control.
Growth and viability of macrophages continuously stimulated to produce nitric oxide (1997)

Deregulated production of nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the development of certain human diseases, including cancer. We sought to assess the damaging potential of NO produced under long-term conditions through the development of a suitable model cell culture system. In this study, we report that when murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were exposed continuously to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or mouse recombinant interferon-γ (IFN-γ) over periods of 21–23 days, they continued to grow, but with doubling times 2 to 4 times, respectively, longer than the doubling time of unstimulated cells. Stimulated cells produced NO at rates of 30 to 70 nmol per million cells per day throughout the stimulation period. Within 24 hr after removal of stimulant, cells resumed exponential growth. Simultaneous exposure to LPS and IFN-γ resulted in decreased cell number, which persisted for 2 days after removal of the stimulants. Exponential growth was attained only after an additional 4 days. Addition of N -methyl- l -arginine (NMA), an NO synthase inhibitor, to the medium inhibited NO production by 90% of all stimulated cells, partially reduced doubling time of cells stimulated with LPS or IFN-γ, and partially increased viability and growth rates in those exposed to both LPS and IFN-γ. However, when incubated with LPS and IFN-γ at low densities both in the presence and in the absence of NMA, cells grew at a rate slower than that of unstimulated cells, with no cell death, and they resumed exponential growth 24 hr after removal of stimulants. Results from cell density experiments suggest that macrophages are protected from intracellularly generated NO; much of the NO damaging activity occurred outside of the producer cells. Collectively, results presented in this study suggest that the type of cellular toxicity observed in macrophages is markedly influenced by rate of exposure to NO: at low rates of exposure, cells exhibit slower growth; at higher rates, cells begin to die; at even higher rates, cells undergo growth arrest or die. The ability of RAW264.7 cells to produce NO over many cell generations makes the cell line a useful system for the study of other aspects of cellular damage, including genotoxicity, resulting from exposure to NO under long-term conditions.
VITALLIUM TUBES IN BILIARY SURGERY (1942)

FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY, UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Serinol as an activator of toxin production in attenuated cultures of <i>Helminthosporium sacchari</i> (1976)

Successive transfer in synthetic medium of spores and mycelial fragments from original toxin-producing cultures of Helminthosporium sacchari results in attenuated cultures which do not produce the host-specific toxin helminthosporoside. When attenuated cultures are grown on material obtained from the water wash of sugarcane leaves susceptible to this fungus, the production of heminthosporoside resumes. Compounds that activate toxin production in the fungus are present on the leaf surface and presumably arise via plant metabolism. One activator was identified as a novel free amine, serinol (2-amino-1,3-propanediol). It activates toxin production in attenuated cultures at 1 muM. Several experiments described in this report argue against the selection theory for the attenuation of cultures. The biological significance and some possible mechanisms for the activation of toxin biosynthesis are discussed.
Transdermal Fentanyl Disposition in Elderly Subjects (1994)

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of a 20-cm2 fentanyl 24-hour transdermal patch were compared between 10 healthy elderly subjects 67-87 years and 6 young subjects 19-27 years. All 10 elderly subjects required patch removal prior to 24 h due to adverse effects versus none of the young subjects. The mean patch duration (PD) in elderly subjects was 11.7 +/- 4.9 h, yielding a mean area under the curve from 0 to 60 h (AUC0-60) of 20.4 +/- 10.3 ng h/ml versus a mean AUC0-60 of 21.0 +/- 10.4 ng h/ml in young subjects. Correcting AUC0-60 for PD (AUC0-60/PD) gave a mean value of 2.05 +/- 1.10 ng/ml for elderly subjects, which was significantly greater than the AUC0-60/PD of 0.88 +/- 0.44 ng/ml in young subjects (p = 0.034, Student's t test). The higher serum concentrations reflect increased absorption and/or decreased clearance in the elderly.
Changing attitudes to the management of severe head injuries. (1976)

as a medical student. He was a founder of British neurosurgery. Some of his other interests have a contemporary ring. Thus he helped to provide the pathological proof of an outbreak of rabies among the deer in Richmond Park in 1888, while his friendship with Pasteur and his vigorous advocacy led to the muzzling of dogs and finally the quarantine restrictions which helped stamp out the disease from Britain at that time. We find him in 19121 reporting on the forcible feeding of suffrage prisoners and urging its reconsideration, echoed in October 1975 by the World Medical Association in the "Dec- laration of Tokyo," which set out the role of the doctor in relation to these and other practices in a manner which I believe Sir Victor would have approved. In his medicopolitical activities Sir Victor made strenuous efforts to change the constitution of the BMA with the establishment of the Representative Body proper, of which he was its first Chairman in 1903. All these contributions to medicine and society Horsley pursued with energy, concentration, and almost apostolic fervour.
A language and model for computer-aided design (1966)

This paper describes Design Language I (DLI) - a prototype computer-aided design system. DLI addresses the creative design of 3-dimensional structure, using a display console for communication with the user.
Reactions of Alpha Methylene Lactone Tumor Inhibitors with Model Biological Nucleophiles (1970)

Thiols are the most reactive nucleophilic reagents among the biological models investigated. They undergo "Michael-type" addition to the polyfunctional sesquiterpene lactones. The rapid rates of reaction with L-cysteine were measured and the reaction products were characterized. Each addition of thiol successively decreased the cytotoxicity of the adducts formed.
TACI expression is associated with a mature bone marrow plasma cell signature and C-MAF overexpression in human myeloma cell lines (2007)

We conclude that TACI activation can upregulate c-maf expression which, in turn, controls cyclin D2, and integrin beta7 gene expression.
An Update in the Use of Antibodies to Treat Glioblastoma Multiforme (2013)

Glioblastoma is a deadly brain disease and modest improvement in survival has been made. At initial diagnosis, treatment consists of maximum safe surgical resection, followed by temozolomide and chemoirradiation or adjuvant temozolomide alone. However, these treatments do not improve the prognosis and survival of patients. New treatment strategies are being sought according to the biology of tumors. The epidermal growth factor receptor has been considered as the hallmark in glioma tumors; thereby, some antibodies have been designed to bind to this receptor and block the downstream signaling pathways. Also, it is known that vascularization plays an important role in supplying new vessels to the tumor; therefore, new therapy has been guided to inhibit angiogenic growth factors in order to limit tumor growth. An innovative strategy in the treatment of glial tumors is the use of toxins produced by bacteria, which may be coupled to specific carrier-ligands and used for tumoral targeting. These carrier-ligands provide tumor-selective properties by the recognition of a cell-surface receptor on the tumor cells and promote their binding of the toxin-carrier complex prior to entry into the cell. Here, we reviewed some strategies to improve the management and treatment of glioblastoma and focused on the use of antibodies.
Use of Magnesium Anthracene·3THF in Synthesis: Generation of Grignard Compounds and Other Reactions with Organic Halides (1990)

The course (a), (b), (c) (Scheme 1) of the reaction of magnesium anthracene·3THF ( 1 ) with organic halides (RX) is dependent on the nature of RX. With alkyl halides in THF 1 reacts as a nucleophile, whereby primary as well as secondary alkyl halides produce dialkyldihydroanthracenes ( 4 – 4′′ ) and tertiary alkyl halides yield primarily monoalkyl‐substituted dihydroanthracenes ( 2 , 2′ ). With bromo‐ and iodobenzene in THF 1 reacts predominantly as a radical with H atom abstraction from the solvent affording benzene and 9 . The formation of Grignard compounds ( 5 ) and anthracene ( 6 ), originating from primary and secondary alkyl and aryl halides and 1 in toluene or ether at elevated temperatures, is not caused by the reaction of 1 but by the “active magnesium” (Mg * ) formed by decomposition of 1 in these solvents. In contrast, allyl, propargyl, and benzyl halides react with 1 independently of the solvent under mild conditions to produce 5 and 6 . Allyl‐ and the difficultly accessible allenylmagnesium chloride can be prepared in THF at –78 and 0°C, respectively, from the corresponding halides and ordinary Mg powder via catalytic amounts of 1 .
Long QT Syndrome: (2000)

The congenital long QT syndromes (LQTSs) are a group of inherited cardiac disorders that increase the risk of sudden death from ventricular arrhythmias. Individuals with LQTS show abnormalities in cardiac repolarization. Mutations that cause LQTSs are distributed throughout the human genome on chromosomes 3, 4, 7, 11, and 21. Recent molecular genetic studies established that LQT3 results from mutations in the cardiac sodium ion channel gene (SCN5A). Research efforts are aimed at elucidating molecular mechanisms, determining the links between clinical phenotypes and the individual gene mutations, and pharmacologic targeting of the phenotypes. This approach will ultimately guide rational therapy. In addition, LQT3 serves as a model for inherited molecular-based disorders, as well as a paradigm for understanding the genesis and control of other cardiac arrhythmias.
Stimulated Raman scattering in an ethanol core microstructured optical fiber (2005)

We show that high efficiency stimulated Raman scattering can be obtained using hollow core photonic crystal fiber with the core filled with a low refractive index nonlinear liquid. This new architecture opens new perspectives in the development of nonlinear functions as any kind of nonlinear liquid media can now be used to implement them, with original properties not accessible with silica core fibers.
Revealing letters in rolled Herculaneum papyri by X-ray phase-contrast imaging (2015)

Hundreds of papyrus rolls, buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD and belonging to the only library passed on from Antiquity, were discovered 260 years ago at Herculaneum. These carbonized papyri are extremely fragile and are inevitably damaged or destroyed in the process of trying to open them to read their contents. In recent years, new imaging techniques have been developed to read the texts without unwrapping the rolls. Until now, specialists have been unable to view the carbon-based ink of these papyri, even when they could penetrate the different layers of their spiral structure. Here for the first time, we show that X-ray phase-contrast tomography can reveal various letters hidden inside the precious papyri without unrolling them. This attempt opens up new opportunities to read many Herculaneum papyri, which are still rolled up, thus enhancing our knowledge of ancient Greek literature and philosophy.
Computational challenges in the analysis of ancient DNA (2010)

High-throughput sequencing technologies have opened up a new avenue for studying extinct organisms. Here we identify and quantify biases introduced by particular characteristics of ancient DNA samples. These analyses demonstrate the importance of closely related genomic sequence for correctly identifying and classifying bona fide endogenous DNA fragments. We show that more accurate genome divergence estimates from ancient DNA sequence can be attained using at least two outgroup genomes and appropriate filtering.
Association of Parvovirus B19 Genome in Children With Myocarditis and Cardiac Allograft Rejection (1997)

Parvovirus is associated with myocarditis in a small percentage of children and may be a potential contributor to cardiac transplant rejection. PCR may provide a rapid and sensitive method of diagnosis.
A new combined voltage-resonant inverter with high power factor and low distortion factor (2002)

This paper presents a new combined voltage-resonant inverter for electronic ballasts of fluorescent lamps, in which the voltage-resonant active filter and inverter are combined, and a switch of the active filter is used simultaneously with that of the inverter. The performance characteristics of this combined inverter is analysed. As a result, it is clarified that there exists a useful operation mode in the discontinuous reactor current region, and that the high power factor of 99% and the low input current distortion factor of 2% can be achieved by using this operation mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural Changes in Boreal Forests Can Be Quantified Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (2020)

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has been adopted as a feasible technique to digitize trees and forest stands, providing accurate information on tree and forest structural attributes. However, there is limited understanding on how a variety of forest structural changes can be quantified using TLS in boreal forest conditions. In this study, we assessed the accuracy and feasibility of TLS in quantifying changes in the structure of boreal forests. We collected TLS data and field reference from 37 sample plots in 2014 (T1) and 2019 (T2). Tree stems typically have planar, vertical, and cylindrical characteristics in a point cloud, and thus we applied surface normal filtering, point cloud clustering, and RANSAC-cylinder filtering to identify these geometries and to characterize trees and forest stands at both time points. The results strengthened the existing knowledge that TLS has the capacity to characterize trees and forest stands in space and showed that TLS could characterize structural changes in time in boreal forest conditions. Root-mean-square-errors (RMSEs) in the estimates for changes in the tree attributes were 0.99-1.22 cm for diameter at breast height (&Delta;dbh), 44.14-55.49 cm2 for basal area (&Delta;g), and 1.91-4.85 m for tree height (&Delta;h). In general, tree attributes were estimated more accurately for Scots pine trees, followed by Norway spruce and broadleaved trees. At the forest stand level, an RMSE of 0.60-1.13 cm was recorded for changes in basal area-weighted mean diameter (&Delta;Dg), 0.81-2.26 m for changes in basal area-weighted mean height (&Delta;Hg), 1.40-2.34 m2/ha for changes in mean basal area (&Delta;G), and 74-193 n/ha for changes in the number of trees per hectare (&Delta;TPH). The plot-level accuracy was higher in Scots pine-dominated sample plots than in Norway spruce-dominated and mixed-species sample plots. TLS-derived tree and forest structural attributes at time points T1 and T2 differed significantly from each other (p &lt; 0.05). If there was an increase or decrease in dbh, g, h, height of the crown base, crown ratio, Dg, Hg, or G recorded in the field, a similar outcome was achieved by using TLS. Our results provided new information on the feasibility of TLS for the purposes of forest ecosystem growth monitoring.
Design of TED's for frequency divider applications (1978)

Analog devices in frequency divider applications must be designed to a specific frequency value within ±2%. This design goal has been achieved using a computer aided design and with a unique adaptation of the existing theoretical models. The design approach has also been experimentally verified.
Colloidal Synthesis of Monodisperse Semiconductor Nanocrystals through Saturated Ionic Layer Adsorption (2016)

We demonstrate a general strategy for the synthesis of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) exhibiting size dispersion below 5%. The present approach relies on the sequential deposition of fully saturated cationic and anionic monolayers onto small-diameter clusters, which leads to focusing of nanocrystal sizes with the increasing particle diameter. Each ionic layer is grown through a room-temperature colloidal atomic layer deposition process that employs a two-solvent mixture to separate the precursor and nanocrystal phases. As a result, unreacted precursors can be removed after each deposition cycle, preventing the secondary nucleation. By using CdS NCs as a model system, we demonstrate that a narrow size dispersion can be achieved through a sequential growth of Cd2+ and S2– layers onto starting CdS cluster “seeds”. Besides shape uniformity, the demonstrated methodology offers an excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility and an improved control over the nanocrystal surface composition. The present synthesis is amenable to other types of semiconductor nanocrystals and can potentially offer a viable alternative to traditional hot-injection strategies of the nanoparticle growth.
A New Method for the Isolation of Histamine (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Method for the Isolation of HistamineAlexander. Galat and Harris L. FriedmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 12, 3976–3977Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01180a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01180a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts