gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of ethanol by <i>Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum:</i> I. Effect of cell recycle and environmental parameters (1989)

The direct microbial conversion (DMC) process for the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is limited by low volumetric ethanol production rates due to the low cell densities of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum which is a key organism for ethanol production in this process. Hence, this study focuses on the use of a continuous- culture cell recycle system to improve the volumetric ethanol productivity and yield of the fermentation of xylose by C. thermosaccharolyticum. Early experiments with the continuous-culture cell recycle system showed a two-fold improvement in volumetric ethanol productivity. However, the ethanol yield at the higher dilution rates suffered because of the large amount of lactate produced. The manipulation of two environmental parameters--iron concentration in the nutrient medium and the N(2) purge rate of the fermentor headspace--allowed a dramatic reduction in the lactate production and a simultaneous improvement in the ethanol titer and yield. Under the improved conditions of increased iron concentration (12.5 mg/L FeSO(4) x 7H(2)O) and decreased N(2) purge rate (0.1 L/min), a continuous culture of C. thermosaccharolyticum operating at a dilution rate of 0.24 h(-1) and 50% cell recycle produced 8.6 g/L ethanol and less than 1 g/L each of acetate and lactate. The volumetric ethanol productivity was 2.2 g/L/h, which is 8 times larger than obtained for a continuous culture operated with no cell recycle and the same specific growth rate.
Teaching a Short Story: <i>The Bike</i> by Aian Sillitoe (1977)

(1977). Teaching a Short Story: The Bike by Aian Sillitoe. English in Education: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 1-7.
Induction of Rhizobium meliloti nodC expression by plant exudate requires nodD. (1985)

The soil bacterium Rhizobium meliloti invades and establishes a symbiosis with host plants such as alfalfa. Bacterial nodulation (nod) genes are required for this invasion, but their mechanism of action and the timing of their expression are not known. We have used translational lacZ fusions to monitor expression of nodD and nodC, which are located in the cluster of four nod genes on the R. meliloti megaplasmid (pSym). nodD is expressed at comparable levels by broth-grown bacterial cells and by cells exposed to exudates from aseptically grown plants. Activity of the nodC-lacZ protein fusion in broth-grown bacterial cells is very low. nodC-lacZ activity is increased approximately equal to 30-fold by plant exudate when nodD is expressed at a high level but not when nodD expression is low. Both fusions show differences in expression when borne on inc-P vectors as compared to when located on the pSym megaplasmid. nodD expression from vector-borne copies of the nod segment and response of nodC to plant exudate appear to require additional loci on the megaplasmid. Our results suggest that regulation of bacterial nod gene expression is an important control mechanism early in the symbiosis, and that the biochemical nature of some nod gene products may be cryptic except in cells grown in the presence of plant exudate.
Planning Concurrency and Managing Iteration in Projects (2001)

Reducing cycle times, managing costs, and improving project management are key to competitive advantage. This paper introduces an approach known as the dependency structure matrix (DSM) and discusses using the DSM to design project plans that produce greater concurrency and better iteration management. The DSM focuses management attention on the essential information transfer requirements of a project: finding essential tasks vital to begin early, developing project plans having improved throughput, removing unnecessary iteration, and simplifying project reviews, while at the same time preserving or improving deliverable quality. A DSM helps us decide what to assume and how and when to plan project reviews. Assumptions are among the greatest sources of project risks. Making assumptions and their dependencies explicit is the key to controlling risk.
RECOGNIZING SIMPLE HUMAN ACTIONS USING 3D HEAD MOVEMENT (2007)

Recognizing human actions from video has been a challenging problem in computer vision. Although human actions can be inferred from a wide range of data, it has been demonstrated that simple human actions can be inferred by tracking the movement of the head in 2D. This is a promising idea as detecting and tracking the head is expected to be simpler and faster because the head has lower shape variability and higher visibility than other body parts (e.g., hands and/or feet). Although tracking the movement of the head alone does not provide sufficient information for distinguishing among complex human actions, it could serve as a complimentary component of a more sophisticated action recognition system. In this article, we extend this idea by developing a more general, viewpoint invariant, action recognition system by detecting and tracking the 3D position of the head using multiple cameras. The proposed approach employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to register the 3D trajectories in a common coordinate system and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to align them in time for matching. We present experimental results to demonstrate the potential of using 3D head trajectory information to distinguish among simple but common human actions independently of viewpoint.
Domain, task, and user models for an adaptive hypermedia performance support system (2002)

Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS) is a challenging application area for developing intelligent interfaces. Some possible scenarios for using domain, task, and user models for adaptive performance support were explored in the context of the Adaptive Diagnostics and Personalized Technical Support (ADAPTS) project. ADAPTS provides an intelligent, adaptive EPSS for maintaining complex equipment.
A Neural Network for the Processing of Optic Flow from Ego-Motion in Man and Higher Mammals (1993)

Interest in the processing of optic flow has increased recently in both the neurophysiological and the psychophysical communities. We have designed a neural network model of the visual motion pathway in higher mammals that detects the direction of heading from optic flow. The model is a neural implementation of the subspace algorithm introduced by Heeger and Jepson (1990). We have tested the network in simulations that are closely related to psychophysical and neurophysiological experiments and show that our results are consistent with recent data from both fields. The network reproduces some key properties of human ego-motion perception. At the same time, it produces neurons that are selective for different components of ego-motion flow fields, such as expansions and rotations. These properties are reminiscent of a subclass of neurons in cortical area MSTd, the triple-component neurons. We propose that the output of such neurons could be used to generate a computational map of heading directions in or beyond MST.
Polyurethane as Carriers of Antituberculosis Drugs (2012)

Polyurethanes (PU) are an important class of polymers that have found many applications as biomaterials due to their excellent physical properties and relatively good biocompatibility. Basically, PU may be produced by two chemical processes: by polycondensation of a diamine with bischloroformates or by reaction between a diol and a diisocyanate. Many biomedical devices are made from segmented PU such as catheters, blood pumps, prosthetic heart valves and insulation for pacemakers (Lelah & Cooper, 1986, Lamba et al., 1997). A promising approach for the development of new controlled-releasing preparations is use of PU as the carriers in drug delivery systems.
Anaphylaxis (1998)

Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic death are becoming more common and particularly affect children and young adults. Anaphylaxis can be frightening to deal with because of its rapid onset and severity. Doctors in many fields, but particularly those working in general practice and in accident and emergency departments, need to know how to treat it.
Control of growth, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase activity by butyrate and related short-chain fatty acids in the retinoid-responsive 9-1C rat prostatic adenocarcinoma cell. (1985)

The actions of butyrate and related short-chain fatty acids were analyzed on the 9-1C retinoid-responsive rat prostatic adenocarcinoma cell. The 9-1C cells, which are inducible for alkaline phosphatase (AP) by retinoic acid, were also inducible for the enzyme by three- to six-carbon fatty acids. The most effective inducer was the four-carbon acid, butyrate, which caused an essentially linear increase in AP activity in the concentration range of 2 to 10 mM. A comparison of AP induction by butyrate and retinoic acid showed the retinoid to be a more potent inducer of the enzyme by several orders of magnitude. Butyrate and related short-chain fatty acids also suppressed 9-1C cell growth, an effect which is not mediated by retinoic acid in these cells. Total growth suppression was achieved at butyrate concentrations of 5 mM and above; 1.5 mM caused 50% inhibition. As in the case of AP induction, all three- to six-carbon fatty acids suppressed growth to some extent, although butyrate was the most effective. The order of carbon chain length effectiveness for both AP induction and growth suppression by the fatty acids was 4 greater than 5 greater than 3 greater than 6. Butyrate appeared to be unique among the various fatty acids in causing an increase in cell protein. The protein content of 9-1C cells cultured in the presence of 4 mM butyrate for 72 h was more than 4-fold greater than that of control cells. This observation paralleled observations on cell volumes analyzed by forward-angle light-scatter flow cytometry, which showed a concentration-related increase in the cross-sectional areas of 9-1C cells following butyrate treatment. This effect has also been shown, in a recent study, to be mediated by retinoids. One of the most striking effects of butyrate treatment was on cellular morphology. The fatty acid caused 9-1C cells, which normally grow in a disorganized array with no apparent affinity for each other, to spread out and become organized into parallel tracts through the monolayer.
Glass doped with PbS quantum dots as a saturable absorber for 1-μm neodymium lasers (2002)

Saturable-absorber mode locking and Q switching of neodymium-doped lasers at 1.06 µm with a PbS-doped glass were demonstrated. Q-switched pulses of 0.3 µJ in energy and 15 ns in duration from a cw diode-pumped Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2 laser and ultrashort pulses of 18 µJ in energy and 70 ps in duration from a Nd3+:Y3Al5O12 laser were obtained. The saturation intensity of the PbS-doped glass (with an average semiconductor crystallite radius of 1.7 nm) was estimated to be 2.3 MW/cm2 at 1.06 µm. The bleaching relaxation time was measured to be 23 ps.
Inducible Expression of Chimeric EWS/ETS Proteins Confers Ewing's Family Tumor-Like Phenotypes to Human Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells (2008)

Ewing's family tumor (EFT) is a rare pediatric tumor of unclear origin that occurs in bone and soft tissue. Specific chromosomal translocations found in EFT cause EWS to fuse to a subset of ets transcription factor genes (ETS), generating chimeric EWS/ETS proteins. These proteins are believed to play a crucial role in the onset and progression of EFT. However, the mechanisms responsible for the EWS/ETS-mediated onset remain unclear. Here we report the establishment of a tetracycline-controlled EWS/ETS-inducible system in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Ectopic expression of both EWS/FLI1 and EWS/ERG proteins resulted in a dramatic change of morphology, i.e., from a mesenchymal spindle shape to a small round-to-polygonal cell, one of the characteristics of EFT. EWS/ETS also induced immunophenotypic changes in MPCs, including the disappearance of the mesenchyme-positive markers CD10 and CD13 and the up-regulation of the EFT-positive markers CD54, CD99, CD117, and CD271. Furthermore, a prominent shift from the gene expression profile of MPCs to that of EFT was observed in the presence of EWS/ETS. Together with the observation that EWS/ETS enhances the ability of cells to invade Matrigel, these results suggest that EWS/ETS proteins contribute to alterations of cellular features and confer an EFT-like phenotype to human MPCs.
The Latest Technology Development Trends of Flux Cored Wire (2016)

Flux Cored Wire is the most widely used welding material for Flux Cored Arc Welding these days. This paper introduces the technical aspects of manufacturing FCW and the development trend of FCW for each type of steel and metal.The studies are ongoing to lower the production cost of seamless-type FCW since it has not been generally used in welding shops so far because of it high cost even though the seamless-type FCW has various advantages than folded-type FCW in terms of manufacturing technology.Meanwhile, a technical research has been carried out to develop a rutile type of FCW products which satisfies high toughness after post heat treatment. In addition, for high-speed fillet welding, there has been a development of welding materials which can be welded in Single Auto-Carriage 100 cpm or more and up to Twin Tandem 200 cpm without occurring any welding defect in order to improve the welding productivity.As Zn coated steel is being used recently to improve the corrosion resistance of the automotive parts, a research and development for Metal Cored Wire has been conducted to reduce the Si island produced in welding operation than those produced when using the former solid wires.A development of welding material that guarantees CTOD performance beyond -40 °C CTOD to -60 °C is underway by different steel grades, and FCW for super austenitic stainless steel is being developed as the corrosion resistant steel has been upgraded. Key words: Flux cored wire, FCW, Flux cored arc welding, FCAW, Seamless FCW, Metal cored wire, MCW, Self-Shielded FCW, Stainless Steel FCW
Bortezomib Plus Melphalan and Prednisone Compared With Melphalan and Prednisone in Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma: Updated Follow-Up and Impact of Subsequent Therapy in the Phase III VISTA Trial (2010)

VMP significantly prolongs OS versus MP after lengthy follow-up and extensive subsequent antimyeloma therapy. First-line bortezomib use does not induce more resistant relapse. VMP used upfront appears more beneficial than first treating with conventional agents and saving bortezomib- and other novel agent-based treatment until relapse.
Non‐enzymatic retrieval of antigen permits staining of follicle centre cells by the rabbit polyclonal antibody to protein gene product 9.5 (1994)

The rabbit polyclonal antibody to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) will detect the L1 isoenzyme of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH), which is a marker for neurones and neuroendocrine tissue. We re-evaluated this antibody using the technique of non-enzymatic antigen retrieval (boiling sections in citrate buffer, heated by microwave oven) followed by streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase staining. Due to the fortuitous choice of appendix as positive control material containing small nerves, we found strong, repeatable cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of lymphoid follicle centre cells in addition to neural tissue. This effect could be repeated on other lymphoid tissues and was not dependent on microwave heating, but did require boiling in an ionic buffer solution. Staining was also observed with a fresh batch of antibody and with four of the five different batches of antibody which were supplied to us. This pattern was not obtained in fresh tissue, in fixed material following trypsinization, or by increasing the primary antibody concentration. We suggest that the boiling of sections in citrate buffer is exposing an epitope for the anti-PGP9.5 antibody which is inaccessible in the native or fixed state and therefore we would recommend retesting of antibody specificity following non-enzymatic retrieval of antigen.
Security layers and reliable communications towards green computing (2011)

Green computing is one of the emerging computing technologies to provide Green environment. It is mainly used to protect environment, optimize energy consumption and keeps green environment. Green computing also refers to environmentally energy sustainable computing. Modern world needs Secured and reliable data in unsecured communications. Energy efficient usage, Optimum resource allocation and dynamic routing help for green computing. The intelligent machines collaborative decisions and information sharing without direct human intervention is one Machine point to another machine point communication. In this paper we discussed secured and reliable point to point communications towards green computing.
A Comprehensive Model of the Response of Silicon Photomultipliers (2010)

The response of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to optical signals is inherently nonproportional due to saturation, afterpulsing, and crosstalk. Existing models of the SiPM response do not account for all of these effects, and therefore, these models are not sufficiently accurate for many applications. In this work, a comprehensive model of the SiPM response is developed that is generally applicable to exponentially decaying light pulses and that can be simplified in the case of very short (e.g., laser) light pulses. The model accounts for the total number and the temporal distribution of the incident photons as well as for the relevant SiPM parameters, viz. the recovery time, afterpulsing, crosstalk, and their cross correlations. The model is shown to correspond well with measurements on a SiPM-based scintillation detector. Furthermore, it is shown to be in agreement with several cases for which the SiPM response is known <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</i> . Having thus validated the model, its use is demonstrated by predicting the response of the Hamamatsu multipixel photon counter (MPPC) S10362-33-050C SiPM to several different scintillators.
Fabrication of very high resistivity Si with low loss and cross talk (2000)

We have used proton and As/sup +/ implantation to increase the resistivity of conventional Si (10 /spl Omega/-cm) and Si-on-quartz substrates, respectively. A high resistivity of 1.6 M/spl Omega/-cm is measured that is close to intrinsic Si and semi-insulating GaAs. Very low loss and cross coupling of 6.3 dB/cm and -79 dB/cm (10 μm gap) at 20 GHz are measured on these samples, respectively. The very high resistivity and improved rf performance are due to the extremely fast /spl sim/1 ps carrier lifetime stable even after a 400/spl deg/C annealing for 1 h. Little negative effect on gate oxide integrity is also observed as evidenced by the comparable stress-induced leakage current and charge-to-breakdown for 30 /spl Aring/ oxides.
Romanian accounting profession: erudition and perspectives (2012)

Accounting, the accounting system and the accounting profession are all dimensions, which are deeply influenced by economic, social and political evolutions of the Romanian existence from the first considered paper within Romanian accounting literature (1792) until today. We therefore set out our attempt at following how changes in political ideology and other related influential factors induce significant changes in all this above-mentioned dimensions. Historical realities lead us from the Romanian provinces, to monarchy, communism and today’s savage capitalism. Historical realities prove to be a significant force for maintaining national accounting values and culture, regardless of their amplitude at a certain time in their evolution. Beyond accounting profession’s evolution, development and positioning within the field of accounting, our study provides a critical analysis on the accounting profession’s capacity of contributing to the evolving of the so-called global accounting standards, undertaken by IASB. We therefore suggest the utilisation of a system for quantifying the capacity of the national accounting profession to participate at developing the global accounting environment.
Encoders for block-circulant LDPC codes (2005)

In this paper, we present two encoding methods for block-circulant LDPC codes. The first is an iterative encoding method based on the erasure decoding algorithm, and the computations required are well organized due to the block-circulant structure of the parity check matrix. The second method uses block-circulant generator matrices, and the encoders are very similar to those for recursive convolutional codes. Some encoders of the second type have been implemented in a small field programmable gate array (FPGA) and operate at 100 Msymbols/second
Synthesis of segmented copolyamides by using telechelic prepolymers (1984)

Abstract Polyamide‐polystyrene and polyamide‐poly(oxyethylene) segmented copolymers 6a, b of well‐defined structure and composition were synthesized using telechelic prepolymers. α,ω‐Dicarboxyl‐terminated polystyrene 2 was prepared by radical polymerization of styrene initiated by 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanovaleric acid) ( 1 ). α,ω‐Dicarboxyl‐terminated poly(oxyethylene) 3 was prepared by the reaction of commercially available hydroxyl‐terminated poly(oxyethylene) with excess succinic anhydride. These telechelic prepolymers were condensed with hexamethylenediamine in a 1:1 mole ratio together with nylon‐6,6 salt using the triphenyl phosphite/pyridine system. Similarly, α,ω‐diamino‐terminated polystyrene 5 was prepared and condensed with adipic acid and nylon‐6,6 salt. The segmented copolymers 6a and 6b were characterized by their 1 H NMR and IR spectra.
C60F2 exists! (2000)

From the fluorination of [60]fullerene with K2PtF6 at 470 °C under ca. 0.01 bar we have isolated (HPLC) 1,2-F2C60, the structure of which is confirmed by 13C NMR and a single 19F NMR line at −148.3 ppm.
Space-Charge Modulation in Vacuum Microdiodes at THz Frequencies (2010)

We investigate the dynamics of a space-charge limited, photoinjected, electron beam in a microscopic vacuum diode. Because of the small nature of the system it is possible to conduct high-resolution simulations where the number of simulated particles is equal to the number of electrons within the system. In a series of simulations of molecular dynamics type, where electrons are treated as point charges, we address and analyze space-charge effects in a micrometer-scale vacuum diode. We have been able to reproduce breakup of a single pulse injected with a current density beyond the Child-Langmuir limit, and we find that continuous injection of current into the diode gap results in a well-defined train of electron bunches corresponding to THz frequency. A simple analytical explanation of this behavior is given.
Design of Reversible Sequential Elements With Feasibility of Transistor Implementation (2007)

This paper presents the novel designs of reversible sequential circuits (latches and flip flops). The proposed reversible latches and flip flops are designed from reversible Fredkin, Feynman and Toffoli gates. Two new reversible gates called modified Fredkin gate (MFG) and modified Toffoli gate (MTG) are also proposed to design the optimized implementations. The proposed designs are better than the recently proposed ones in terms of number of reversible gates and garbage outputs. In order to reach towards the goal of transistor implementations of proposed reversible sequential circuits, transistor implementation of the existing Feynman gate, Fredkin gate, Toffoli gates as well as the proposed MTG and MFG are also proposed. The proposed transistor implementations are completely reversible in nature, i.e., suitable for both the forward and backward computation.