gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of fuzzy classification with fuzzy c-means clustering and optimization strategies for load identification in NILM systems (2011)

Due to global warming and climate changes, it is very important to use and conserve the power energy effectively. Monitoring the electrical consumption of consumers is one of the methods that can improve the energy usage efficiency. In this paper, a Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) system, which applies a fuzzy classifier with the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering and optimization algorithms to identify the energizing and de-energizing statuses of each appliance, is proposed. Load energizing and de-energizing transient features are extracted, and the fuzzy classifier performs load identification based on these features. A two-stage fuzzy classifier is used in this paper. For the first stage, the FCM clustering is used to coarsely determine the parameters of the fuzzy classifier. Following this stage, two optimization algorithms, Error Back-Propagation Algorithm (EBPA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), are employed to fine tune those parameters. As the classification results obtained from different realistic experimental environments, the proposed system is confirmed that it is able to identify the operational status of each appliance.
Smart parking : Network, infrastructure and urban service (2015)

Smart parking, allowing drivers to access parking information through their smart-phone, is proposed to ease drivers' pain. We first spotlight the manner to collect parking information by introducing the multi-hop sensor network architecture, and how the network is formed. We then introduce the traffic intensity models by looking at the vehicle's arrival and departure probabilities, following the heavy-tailed distribution. We study the deployment strategy of wireless on-street parking sensor layouts. We define a multiple-objective problem and solve it with two real street parking maps. In turn, we present a Publish-Subscribe service system to provide good parking information to drivers. We illustrate the system with a vehicular network and point out the importance of content and context of a driver’s message. To evaluate the resilience, we propose an extended Publish-Subscribe model, and evaluate it under different unforeseen circumstances. Our work is based on the premise that large-scale parking sensors are deployed in the city. We look at the whole picture of urban service from viewpoint of the municipality. As such, we shed light on two main topics: the information collection on sensor deployment and an extended version of Publish-Subscribe messaging paradigm. Our work gives a guideline from network-related perspectives for city before launching a smart parking or any similar real-time urban service. It also provides a meaningful evaluation platform for testing more realistic datasets, such as real vehicle traces or network traffic.
ERW Contamination in the Pacific Islands (2014)

The legacy of explosive remnants of war (ERW) has affected the daily lives of Pacific Islanders for more than 70 years. ERW contamination in the Pacific stems from conflict between the Allied forces and Japanese forces during World War II. Survey, clearance and information-management programs are helping to manage the continued risks to the impacted populations.
High Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Porous Carbons Prepared by Using Activated Carbon (2009)

A kind of activated carbon with further carbon dioxide and potassium hydroxide activations for hydrogen storage was investigated. The carbon dioxide and potassium hydroxide activations have apparently different effects on the pore structures and textures of the activated carbon which closely associated with the hydrogen storage properties. The potassium hydroxide activation can remarkably donate microporosity to the frameworks of the activated carbon. One of the resultant porous carbons exhibited a high surface area of up to 3190 m(2) g(-1) and large gravimetric hydrogen uptake capacity of 7.08 wt % at 77 K and 20 bar, which is one of the largest data reported for the porous carbon materials. This result suggests that the porous carbon with large amounts of active sites, high surface area, and high micropore volume related to optimum pore size could achieve high gravimetric hydrogen storage.
Probing Intermolecular Main Chain Hydrogen Bonding in Serine Proteinase−Protein Inhibitor Complexes:  Chemical Synthesis of Backbone-Engineered Turkey Ovomucoid Third Domain (1997)

Intermolecular main chain H-bonding networks are frequently encountered at the interface of complexes of protein proteinase inhibitors and their cognate enzymes. Studies of X-ray crystal structures of many protein inhibitors complexed with serine proteinases have revealed that the amide NH group of the P1 residue in the inhibitor donates an H-bond to the carbonyl C = O group of Ser214 and Ser195 Oy in the enzyme (Ser125 and Ser221 in subtilisins, respectively). To probe the energetic contribution of this backbone H-bond in the complexes of OMTKY3 with several serine proteinases, native chemical ligation was used for the total synthesis of a backbone-engineered analog of OMTKY3, in which the amide peptide bond between Thr17 (P2) and Leu18 (P1) was replaced by an ester bond, i.e., -CONH-to-COO-. This chemical "mutation" effectively eliminated the backbone H-bond donated by the NH group of Leu18. By measuring association equilibrium constants for synthetic wild-type OMTKY3 and the backbone-engineered ester analog interacting with a panel of six serine proteinases, we have determined that the P1 NH-->O substitution weakens the binding of OMTKY3 to its cognate enzymes by an average of 15-fold, i.e., 1.5 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol. These results place a quantitative value on the contribution of the intermolecular backbone H-bond in enzyme-inhibitor recognition.
공동주택 제로에너지빌딩 인증을 위한 적정가산비 산정에 관한 연구 (2019)

최근 전 세계적으로 지구온난화에 따른 이상기온과 화석연료 고갈 등 환경과 에너지문제는 인류의 생존을 위협하는 중대 과제로 대두되고 있다. 이에 따라 건축물 에너지 절감 및 온실가스 감축에 획기적으로 기여할 수 있는 혁신적인 건축물로서 제로에너지빌딩에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 시장에서는 추가되는 건설비용은 제로에너지 인증 활성화에 큰 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 민간 분양아파트를 연구의 대상으로 선정하고 초기 설계단계부터 제로에너지 인증을 위한 세부 요소들을 친환경주택 건설기준에 근거하여 제시하였으며, 인증 세부요소들의 비용효율분석을 통해 적정 가산비용을 제시하였다. 아직까지 기술수준과 물리적인 한계로 인하여 공동주택에서는 3등급까지만 인증이 구현 가능 한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 생애주기동안 비용추이를 검토해본 결과 아직까지 제로에너지빌딩 5등급의 경우에서만 준공 후 13년 이내 모든 비용의 회수가 가능한 것으로 검토되었다. 앞으로 발주예정인 공동주택 사업 검토 시 본 연구에서 제시된 추가사업비가 적절히 반영되어 제로에너지빌딩 인증 활성화에 기여하고자 한다.
Nuclear factor‐KappaB modulation as a therapeutic approach in hematologic malignancies (2004)

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a collective term that refers to a small class of dimeric transcription factors for a number of genes, including growth factors, angiogenesis modulators, cell-adhesion molecules, and antiapoptotic factors. Although most NF-kappaB proteins promote transcription, some act as inactivating or repressive complexes. The most common p50-RelA (p65) dimer known "specifically" as NF-kappaB, is relatively abundant, controls the expression of numerous genes, and exists as an inactive cytoplasmic complex bound to inhibitory proteins of the NF-kappaB inhibitor (IkappaB) family. The inactive NF-kappaB-IkappaB complex is activated by a variety of stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines, mitogens, growth factors, and stress-inducing agents. The release of NF-kappaB facilitates its translocation to the nucleus, where it promotes cell survival by initiating the transcription of genes encoding stress-response enzymes, cell-adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, and antiapoptotic proteins. Constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in the nucleus is observed in some hematologic disorders. With the recent approval of bortezomib for patients with advanced multiple myeloma, NF-kappaB modulation is likely to be a therapeutic endeavor of increasing interest in coming years.
Radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive silica optical fibers (2000)

The mechanisms of radiation-induced absorption in silica optical fibers in the visible spectral region and in the telecom spectral windows as well as the technological means to lower the induced absorption are analyzed. Hydrogen loading of large-core silica optical fibers is shown to drastically reduce the induced absorption at megagray doses. It is shown that low-dose transient absorption can degrade the performance of pure-silica-core fibers at (lambda) approximately 1.55 micrometers . N-doped silica fibers are argued to be the best candidates for low-dose applications (e.g. in space). At megagray doses, the long-wavelength induced absorption is found to be the main induced absorption mechanism. Its origin is not known with certainty, whereas its value may be different in pure-silica-core fibers obtained under different preform fabrication conditions. Different types of radiation-sensitive fibers are investigated with the aim to develop fiber-optic dosimeters. An optimum wavelength region for the operation of P-doped silica fiber dosimeters has been determined. Novel types of dosimeters and neutron detectors are proposed based on the effect of irreversible radiation-induced increase of OH- group absorption.
Ergonomic handle for an arthroscopic cutter (2003)

From an analysis of the routinely performed meniscectomy procedures, it was concluded that a punch with a side-ways steerable tip would improve the reachability of meniscal tissue. This potentially leads to a safer and more efficient meniscectomy. Furthermore, the current scissors handles of arthroscopic punches are ergonomically not sufficient. An ergonomic handle is designed with one lever that enables opening and closing of the instrument tip, and side-ways steering of the instrument tip. The design of the handle complies with ergonomic guidelines that were found in the literature. A model of the instrument tip was added to the new handle for comparison with conventional handles. Experiments were performed with a knee joint model, using objective and subjective criteria. The results show that the concept of a side-ways steerable punch is promising, since faster task times are achieved without increasing the risk of damaging healthy tissue. The current design of the ergonomic handle incorporates two degrees of freedom in an intuitive way, the handle is more comfortable to hold, and easy to control. The external memory capabilities of the new handle could be improved. Further development of this handle and the addition of a sufficient instrument tip and force transmission are recommended.
Inhibiting S100B Restores p53 Levels in Primary Malignant Melanoma Cancer Cells (2004)

S100 calcium-binding proteins such as S100B are elevated in primary malignant melanoma and are used as markers for this and numerous other cancers. Wild-type p53 protein levels are relatively low in these cancer cells (i.e. when compared with cells without S100B) but are elevated when RNA antisense to S100B is introduced. This result implicates S100B in the down-regulation of p53 and is consistent with the large decreases in p53 protein levels observed previously in transient co-transfections of p53 and S100B (Lin, J., Blake, M., Tang, C., Zimmer, D., Rustandi, R. R., Weber, D. J., and Carrier, F. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 35037-35041). Down-regulation of p53 in primary malignant melanoma cells is likely the result of a direct interaction with S100B, which was observed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Furthermore, p53 binds regions of the S100B promoter, one of which matches the 20-nucleotide p53-binding consensus DNA sequence perfectly. Therefore, when p53 levels increase, it contributes to its own demise by up-regulating the transcription of S100B as part of a negative feedback loop. This is analogous to what is found for another protein that down-regulates p53, namely hdm2 (human double mutant 2).
Field Identification of Weathered Paints (1972)

Abstract : A simple procedure and test kit have been developed for identifying the generic type and general composition of cured or weathered paint films. The procedure includes pyrolytic and burning tests, solubility tests, and tests for the detection of such elements as chlorine, nitrogen, lead, and mercury. All the tests can be performed with simple equipment by field personnel having little or no prior laboratory experience. The procedure and test kit were proven by successfully identifying 61 weathered paints that might be encountered at Naval shore activities.
The Influence of Shoe Design on Plantar Pressures in Neuropathic Feet (2003)

The most effective way to offload the forefoot of patients with neuropathic feet is through the use of the rocker sole principle. In general, the effect of an insole depends on the design characteristics of a shoe. Predicting the effect of therapeutic footwear on an individual scale, however, remains difficult. Therefore, in-shoe pressure measurements seem to be necessary to evaluate a therapeutic shoe prescription in certain individual cases.
Cursive Script Recognition : A Sentence Level Recognition Scheme (1994)

We describe the cursive script recognition module of a cheque processing system currently under development at the Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI). Common systems perform recognition either on a character by character basis, or on a word level. The present study investigates the recognition at a higher level of abstraction, at the sentence level. Our computational theory is based on a psychological model of the reading process of a fast reader. In this paper, we discuss the processing of the legal amount written on cheques. The preprocessing and feature extraction modules as well as the word classifier are presented. Preliminary results are not only promising, but they also support our computational theory.
Effect of Shear and Water Cut on Phase Inversion and Droplet Size Distribution in Oil–Water Flow (2018)

Oil–water dispersed flow occurs commonly in the petroleum industry during the production and transportation of crudes. Phase inversion occurs when the dispersed phase grows into the continuous phase and the continuous phase becomes the dispersed phase caused by changes in the composition, interfacial properties, and other factors. Production equipment, such as pumps and chokes, generates shear in oil–water mixture flow, which has a strong effect on phase inversion phenomena. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of shear intensity and water cut (WC) on the phase inversion region and also the droplet size distribution. A state-of-the-art closed-loop two phase (oil–water) flow facility including a multipass gear pump and a differential dielectric sensor (DDS) is used to identify the phase inversion region. Also, the facility utilizes an in-line droplet size analyzer (a high speed camera), to record real-time videos of oil–water emulsion to determine the droplet size distribution. The experimental data for phase inversion confirm that as shear intensity increases, the phase inversion occurs at relatively higher dispersed phase fractions. Also the data show that oil-in-water emulsion requires larger dispersed phase volumetric fraction for phase inversion as compared with that of water-in-oil emulsion under the same shear intensity conditions. Experiments for droplet size distribution confirm that larger droplets are obtained for the water continuous phase, and increasing the dispersed phase volume fraction leads to the creation of larger droplets.
Development of a Laser Radar System for Automobiles (1992)

This report describes the development of an automotive radar system which uses a laser diode as a light source. The time taken for a laser beam to travel to a vehicle ahead and to be reflected back is used to calculate distances between vehicles. This information is further processed and compared with continuous calculations of safe distances. When the actual distance between vehicles becomes less than the estimated safe distance, an audio warning signal is issued to alert the driver.
Digital read-out echo sounder (1967)

The trend towards automation in hydrographic survey and oceanography calls for automatic read-out of depth from an echo sounder. A system of signal selection is described which includes an automatic time gate synchronized with the sea-bed echo. Automatic gain control is also used to maintain optimum amplitude discrimination throughout varying conditions. A recording echo sounder forms an integral part of the apparatus and is used to check the signal selection by identification of the selected echo
Preliminary Rb–Sr geochronology of the Rice Lake – Beresford Lake area, southeastern Manitoba (1968)

A Rb–Sr geochronologic study of rocks of the Rice Lake – Beresford Lake area, southeastern Manitoba, shows that gold-quartz veins containing sericite and fuchsite were emplaced at 2720 ± 185 m.y. ago (λ 87 Rb = 1.39 × 10 −11 yr −1 ). The mineralization postdates, and thus provides a minimum age for, the Rice Lake Group as well as for the successively younger intrusive basic rocks, quartz diorite plutons, and the San Antonio Formation. A whole-rock isochron for the potassic granite that lies north of the greenstones indicates an age of 2550 ± 80 m.y., with an initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of 0.7031 ± 0.0021, which we also consider as the age of regional metamorphism. This is in agreement with a metamorphic age of 2490 ± 90 m.y., as registered by phyllites from the Rice Lake Group. The gneisses and granites that lie south of the greenstone belt are older than 2630 m.y., as determined by a cross-cutting pegmatite. Because the northern granite is younger than the gold-quartz veins, extensive prospecting of the northern granite for gold-quartz mineralization is not likely to be fruitful unless there was a still younger, but presently unrecognized, period of mineralization.
The renaissance of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. (1999)

Classic centrally acting antihypertensive drugs such as clonidine, guanfacine and alpha-methyl-dioxyphenylalanine (alpha-methyl-DOPA) (via its active metabolite alpha-methyl-noradrenaline) are assumed to induce peripheral sympathoinhibition and a reduction in (elevated) blood pressure as a result of the stimulation of alpha2-adrenoceptors in the pons-medulla region in the brain. Their antihypertensive efficacy is beyond doubt, but their profile of adverse reactions is considered unfavourable when compared with most other antihypertensive drugs currently used, such as low-dose diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE)-inhibitors, calcium antagonists, peripheral alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists, and angiotensin II-receptor antagonists. More recently, central imidazoline (I1)-receptors have been recognized to be another target of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. Clonidine is considered at present to be a mixed agonist that stimulates both alpha2- and I1-receptors. Moxonidine and rilmenidine are considered to be moderately selective I1-receptor stimulants, although it still remains unknown whether these agents act directly on the receptor as genuine agonists. The imidazoline (I1)-agonists also cause peripheral sympathoinhibition, triggered at the level of central nervous imidazoline receptors, predominantly in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. The imidazoline receptor stimulants are effective antihypertensives with a mode of action and haemodynamic profile which seems attractive from a pathophysiological point of view. Moxonidine and rilmenidine are considered preferable over the classic alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulants because of their pattern of side-effects, which may be explained on the basis of absent or weak affinity for the alpha2-adrenoceptor.
Targeted Anticancer Immunotoxins and Cytotoxic Agents with Direct Killing Moieties (2006)

Despite the progress of the bioinformatics approach to characterize cell-surface antigens and receptors on tumor cells, it remains difficult to generate novel cancer vaccines or neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Among targeted cancer therapeutics, biologicals with targetable antibodies or ligands conjugated or fused to toxins or chemicals for direct cell-killing ability have been developed over the last 2 decades. These conjugated or fused chimeric proteins are termed immunotoxins or cytotoxic agents. Two agents, DAB389IL-2 (ONTAKTM) targeting the interleukin-2 receptor and CD33-calicheamicin (Mylotarg), have been approved by the FDA for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively. Such targetable agents, including RFB4(dsFv)-PE38 (BL22), IL13-PE38QQR, and Tf-CRM107, are being tested in clinical trials. Several agents using unique technology such as a cleavable adapter or immunoliposomes with antibodies are also in the preclinical stage. This review summarizes the generation, mechanism, and development of these agents. In addition, possible future directions of this therapeutic approach are discussed.
Magnetoresistive measurement of magnetostriction in Permalloy (1989)

The authors demonstrate a simple technique for determining magnetostriction in Permalloy films. It is capable of measuring values as low as +or-(1*10/sup -7/) in unpatterned films or patterned microstripes as thin as 10 nm. The method utilizes the inverse magnetostriction effect, using magnetoresistive detection to measure changes in film anisotropy induced by application of anisotropic strain. Samples are prepared in bar form, the center of which is deflected in a bending fixture in order to generate strain on the film. The determination of magnetostriction involves measurement of the width of the magnetoresistance versus applied field transfer characteristic of the film stripe as a function of bar center deflection using a simple benchtop apparatus. The technique is used routinely to measure magnetostriction both in as-deposited films and in fully processed magnetoresistor elements for use in magnetic recording applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of a zerovalent iron dinitrogen complex with 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane ligands (1993)

A zerovalent iron dinitrogen complex [Fe(N2)(depe)2] having 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane ligands has been prepared by reduction of [FeCl2(depe)2] with sodium–naphthalene in tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen at room temperature.
Design of a Simplified Delay System for Ultrasound Phased Array Imaging (1983)

A novel technique for implementing the dynamically vari- able delay system, required for electronic sector scanning in ultrasound phased-array imaging equipments, has been recently introduced. The technique is based on separate and independent processing of the car- rier and of the envelope of the echo pulses. Carrier phasing is accom- plished by electronic phase-shifters, while envelope delay is varied by delay lines. This latter function, however, can be performed using dw Crete delays in increments much larger than those required by previous techniques. Extensive computer simulations of the array directivity pattern have been performed to evaluate the effect of a coarse delay quantization. Based on the simulation results, the design of a delay sys- tem exhibiting a dramatic simplifkation over alternative techniques is described.