gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and Crystal Structure Studies of Novel Selenium- and Tellurium-substituted Lacunary Polyoxometalates (2006)

The enormous potential of polyoxometalates in fields of catalytic, technical or medical applications is dependent on the synthesis and structural characterization of new heteropolytungstates and -molybdates. As we are aware of the necessity to suggest new models for catalytic processes we put emphasis on the detailed characterization of so far unknown heteropolyoxoanions. Emphasis is given to a comprehensive investigation of the structures of polytungstates formed by Keggin derived fragments. The following chapter deals with syntheses and structures of novel selenium- and tellurium-substituted heteropolyoxometalates. Hitherto, only a few polyoxometalates containing Se or Te are reported; this field is hardly investigated. Giving results of the structural characterization of [Mn(H 2O)) 2OSe6W24O94]18− (6), [Fe 4 Se 8 W 36 O 136 (OH) 6]24−, (7) and the [Na 9 Se 13(VO 4)3 V 23 Mo 19 O 151]21− -anion (8), three new structural arrangements of macro- heteropolyanions are described. Furthermore, we focus on sandwich-like polyoxotungstates consisting of defect Keggin fragments like B-XW 9 O 33. In the anion [Se 2 V 2 W 16 O 60]8− lacunary subunits are directly linked together whereas in the other ten compounds (1–3, 5, 9– 14) connection is reached by oxygen atoms coordinated to transition metal atoms. All crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray methods.
Myrinet: a gigabit-per-second local area network (1995)

The Myrinet local area network employs the same technology used for packet communication and switching within massively parallel processors. In realizing this distributed MPP network, we developed specialized communication channels, cut-through switches, host interfaces, and software. To our knowledge, Myrinet demonstrates the highest performance per unit cost of any current LAN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl Sulfur Group in Synthesis (2002)

The trimethylsilylethyl sulfur group present in 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl sulfides, sulfones, sulfoxides and in 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido derivatives has proved its potential in synthesis. Presence of sulfur and silicon on adjacent carbon atoms provides routes for preparing interesting sulfur or non-sulfur, silicon or non-silicon derivatives like thiols, methyl disulfides, thioesters, thiocyanates, unsaturated derivatives and amines through the selective removal of the trimethylsilylethyl or the tri­methylsilyl group.
Nonlinear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis (2008)

There is a need for the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds for various applications. An efficient approach to achieve this goal is asymmetric catalysis. The chiral catalyst is usually prepared from a chiral auxiliary, which itself is derived from a natural product or by resolution of a racemic precursor. The use of non-enantiopure chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric catalysis seems unattractive to preparative chemists, since the anticipated enantiomeric excess (ee) of the reaction product should be proportional to the ee value of the chiral auxiliary (linearity). In fact, some deviation from linearity may arise. Such nonlinear effects can be rich in mechanistic information and can be synthetically useful (asymmetric amplification). This Review documents the advances made during the last decade in the use of nonlinear effects in the area of organometallic and organic catalysis.
CD40 ligand‐positive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell clones allow B cell growth and differentiation (1995)

A fraction of activated CD8+ T cells expresses CD40 ligand (CD40L), a molecule that plays a key role in T cell-dependent B cell stimulation. CD8+ T cell clones were examined for CD40L expression and for their capacity to allow the growth and differentiation of B cells, upon activation with immobilized anti-CD3. According to CD40L expression, CD8+ clones could be grouped into three subsets. CD8+ T cell clones expressing high levels of CD40L (> or = 80% CD40L+ cells) were equivalent to CD4+ T cell clones with regard to induction of tonsil B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin (Ig) production, provided the combination of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 was added to cultures. CD8+ T cell clones, with intermediate levels of CD40L expression (10 to 30% CD40L+ cells), also stimulated B cell proliferation and Ig secretion with IL-2 and IL-10. B cell responses induced by these CD8+ T cell clones were neutralized by blocking monoclonal antibodies specific for either CD40L or CD40. By contrast, CD40L- T cell clones (< or = 5% CD40L+ cells), only induced marginal B cell responses even with IL-2 and IL-10. All three clone types were able to activate B cells as shown by up-regulation of CD25, CD80 and CD86 expression. A neutralizing anti-CD40L antibody indicated that T cell-dependent B cell activation was only partly dependent on CD40-CD40L interaction. These CD40L- clones had no inhibitory effects on B cell proliferation induced by CD40L-expressing CD8+ T cell clones. Taken together, these results indicate that CD8+ T cells can induce B cell growth and differentiation in a CD40L-CD40-dependent fashion.
Continuous operation of a monolithic semiconductor terahertz source at room temperature (2014)

We demonstrate room temperature continuous wave THz sources based on intracavity difference-frequency generation from mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers. Buried ridge, buried composite distributed-feedback waveguide with Čerenkov phase-matching scheme is used to reduce the waveguide loss and enhance the heat dissipation for continuous wave operation. Continuous emission at 3.6 THz with a side-mode suppression ratio of 20 dB and output power up to 3 μW are achieved, respectively. THz peak power is further scaled up to 1.4 mW in pulsed mode by increasing the mid-infrared power through increasing the active region doping and device area.
On optimal linear space-time constellations (2004)

Space-time constellations that are linear over the field of complex numbers are considered. Relevant design criteria for these constellations are summarized and some fundamental limits to their achievable performances are established. A new family of constellations that achieve optimal or near optimal performance with respect to the different criteria is presented. The proposed constellations belong to the threaded algebraic space-time signaling framework and achieve the optimal minimum squared Euclidean distance and the optimal delay in addition to the full rate, full diversity properties. For systems with one receive antenna, these constellations also achieve the optimal peak-to-average power ratio for QAM and PSK input constellations, as well as optimal coding gains in certain scenarios. The framework is general for any number of transmits and receives antennas and allow for realizing the optimal tradeoff between multiplexing rate and diversity.
Hierarchic random nanosphere model for broadband solar energy absorbers (2015)

202203 bcwh
Core–shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2 supported cobalt(ii) or copper(ii) acetylacetonate complexes: magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts for aerobic epoxidation of styrene (2014)

Organic–inorganic hybrid heterogeneous nanocatalysts were successfully fabricated via covalent anchoring of cobalt(II) or copper(II) acetylacetonate complexes ([Co(acac)2] or [Cu(acac)2]) onto core–shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2 previously functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Surface functionalized nanomaterials were analyzed by a series of characterization techniques such as SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, ICP-AES and VSM. The catalytic performance of the prepared nanocatalysts was evaluated in the epoxidation of styrene using eco-friendly air as the oxygen source. Both of the nanocomposites Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2–Co and Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2–Cu presented excellent styrene conversion (90.8% vs. 86.7%) and good epoxide selectivity (63.7% vs. 51.4%), much higher than the corresponding homogeneous counterparts. In addition, the magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts (MRNCs) can be conveniently separated and recovered from the reaction system by applying an external magnetic field and reused for four cycles with insignificant loss of catalytic activity. These results demonstrate that the heterogeneous nanocatalysts possess potential applications for green and sustainable development.
Oxidation of 4,7‐Phenanthroline Derivatives. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cimetidine for treatment of melanomas in three horses (1990)

Cimetidine, an H2 histamine antagonist, was used in the clinical management of progressive, multifocal melanomatosis in 3 adult gray horses. Prior to treatment, the tumors had increased rapidly in size and number in 2 horses (duration of 6 and 27 months, respectively) and slowly in the third horse (duration of 48 months). All 3 horses were treated with cimetidine (2.5 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 8 h) for 2 months to 1 year. During treatment, the number and size of the melanomas decreased substantially (50 to 90%). The progression of the disease was halted in 2 horses and controlled in the third horse, which is still being treated with cimetidine (1.6 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h). The horses in which treatment was terminated have not been treated for 31 and 41 months, respectively, during which time the melanomas have not increased in number or size.
Asynchronous timing recovery in DSP based PSK modems (2003)

Fully digital asynchronous timing recovery has been demonstrated to give excellent results in laboratory experiments on speech rate (2400 and 4800 b/s) modems with both rectangular and RC pulse shaping. F.M. Gardner's (1986) zero crossing tracker timing error detector has been applied to rectangular and RC-pulse-shaped speech-rate modems with good results on the additive noise channel. The nondata-aided (NDA) form of the zero crossing tracker has been found to be immune to pattern noise for any data phase transition, making it ideal for timing error detection in M-PSK and M-DPSK systems with M>4. In RC-pulse-shaped systems with alpha down to 60%, intersymbol interference (ISI) induced self noise is sufficiently controlled by loop filtering. For systems with a limited number of samples per symbol, polyphase filter interpolation can be used to improve performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Production of the Soybean-Chlorosis Toxin by <i>Rhizobium japonicum</i> in Pure Culture (1965)

max.) is caused by a phytotoxin produced in the nodules of the affected plants (1, 4). The phytotoxin has been isolated from nodules and partially characterized as a low molecular-weight amino compound (3). In the previous paper we reported finding an unidentified amino acid (unknown Y) in soybean nodules, the metabolism of which appeared to be somewhat related to that of the toxin. Although production of the 2 compounds in the nodule was associated with certain strains of Rhizobium japoniculM, it was not established whether the rhizobia or the host was actually synthesizing either or both of the compotunds. In this paper we report that both the phytotoxin and unknown Y can be synthesized by Rhizobiuim in pure culture, and we describe methods for relatively large-scale production and isolation of both compounds.
A Controlled Clinical Comparison of Four Different Surfactant Preparations in Surfactant-deficient Preterm Lambs (1992)

Four pulmonary surfactant preparations (natural sheep surfactant, Exosurf, Infasurf, and Survanta) were compared with no treatment in 29 newborn lambs at 126 +/- 1 days gestation. Fetuses were delivered by Cesarean section under general anesthesia and treated with either the manufacturer's recommended dose of a commercial surfactant, 100 mg phospholipid/kg of natural sheep surfactant, or no surfactant (control group). Lambs were mechanically ventilated with 100% oxygen until moribund from respiratory failure or until killed at 24 h after delivery. Lambs surviving to 12 h received surfactant retreatment (of the same type) if hypoxemic. All lambs were surfactant deficient at birth, having less than 0.1 mg/ml of phospholipid measured in the lung liquid. All control lambs developed early respiratory failure and died within 8 h after delivery. Survival was significantly prolonged by natural surfactant (p less than 0.02), Infasurf (p less than 0.0001), and Survanta (p less than 0.02). Natural surfactant, Infasurf, and Survanta significantly improved arterial oxygenation and ventilatory compliance compared with no treatment. These effects lasted as long as 24 h in lambs given Infasurf, but no more than 6 h in lambs given natural surfactant or Survanta. After death, static pressure-volume lung mechanics were significantly better for lambs given natural sheep surfactant, Infasurf, or Survanta. Lambs given Exosurf were no different than control lambs in any variable measured. Thus, in 126-day gestation surfactant-deficient newborn lambs, natural sheep surfactant, Infasurf, and Survanta, but not Exosurf, Improve oxygenation, lung mechanics, and survival.
Structure and dynamics of the pan-genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae and closely related species (2010)

Genetic exchange with related species sharing the same ecological niche is the main mechanism of evolution of S. pneumoniae. The open pan-genome guarantees the species a quick and economical response to diverse environments.
Comparison of broadband UVB, narrowband UVB, broadband UVA and UVA1 on activation of apoptotic pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2007)

The greater effectiveness of UVB on initiation of apoptotic pathway suggests that apoptosis may play a role in the clinical efficacy of UVB-responsive inflammatory cutaneous diseases.
Concentration of proteins as a result of the phase separation of water‐protein‐polysaccharide systems Part 1. Phase equilibria in water‐milk proteins‐polysaccharide systems (1986)

Abstract A thermodynamic compatibility of skimmed milk proteins and polysaccharides (high‐methylated apple pectin, gum arabic and arabinogalactan) with various molecular characteristics in aqueous media has been studied. At a certain composition and pH values all the systems studied can be two‐phase. one of the phases representing a concentrated solution or a gel of skimmed milk proteins. The lowest compatibility is exhibited by the water‐skimmed milk proteins‐polysaccharide systems and the highest one by the water‐skimmed milk proteins‐arabinogalactan systems. Bodies of separation of the waterskimmed milk proteins‐polysaccharide systems in the composition‐pH coordinates have been obtained and discussed.
“Custom” Synthesis of Radioligands for RIA through Activated Esters I. Testosterone (1980)

The current method labeling small molecules for radioimmunoassay by coupling iodohistamine to haptens through a mixed anhydride reaction is unacceptable to clinical laboratories. Therefore, we propose the use of a simple two-step procedure: treatment of 125I-2-iodohistamine with the activated ester of a small molecule followed by thin layer chromatography to remove unlabeled ligand. Only one radioactive substance, 125I-2-iodohistamine, need be stocked, and the availability of labeled ligands is limited only by the number of nonradioactive activated esters. This principle is illustrated by the use of testosterone. N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl esters of testosterone hemisuccinate and of testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime were coupled to 2-iodohistamine, 125I-2-iodohistamine or to 125I-2,5-diiodohistamine. Optimum conditions required reaction of 20-50 fold molar excess of ester in 75 microL of tetrahydrofuran with iodohistamine in 75 microL of buffer at pH 8.5 for 30 min at 4 degrees. The reaction mixture was applied directly to a pre-absorbent TLC plate coated with silica gel and run in the system, benzene:ethanol:acetic acid, 75:24:1 (v:v:v). The desired radioligand was eluted in 85% yield.
Ammonium Nitrate: Combustion Mechanism and the Role of Additives (2005)

This paper presents an analysis of the observed combustion behavior of AN mixtures with different additives, fuels, and energetic materials. It has been determined on the basis of flame structure investigation by fine tungsten-rhenium thermocouples that the surface temperature of AN is controlled by the dissociation reaction of the salt occurring at the surface. Results obtained have indicated that the leading reaction of combustion of AN doped with additives proceeds in the condensed phase up to pressures of 20–30 MPa. A reason for the inability of pure AN to burn is suggested and the role of additives in the combustion mechanism is discussed.
Fessenden and Marconi: their differing technologies and transatlantic experiments during the first decade of this century (1995)

Many scientists and engineers have contributed to the early development of electromagnetic theory, the invention of wireless signaling by radio, and the development of antennas needed to transmit and
Cancer acidity: An ultimate frontier of tumor immune escape and a novel target of immunomodulation (2017)

The link between cancer metabolism and immunosuppression, inflammation and immune escape has generated major interest in investigating the effects of low pH on tumor immunity. Indeed, microenvironmental acidity may differentially impact on diverse components of tumor immune surveillance, eventually contributing to immune escape and cancer progression. Although the molecular pathways underlying acidity-related immune dysfunctions are just emerging, initial evidence indicates that antitumor effectors such as T and NK cells tend to lose their function and undergo a state of mostly reversible anergy followed by apoptosis, when exposed to low pH environment. At opposite, immunosuppressive components such as myeloid cells and regulatory T cells are engaged by tumor acidity to sustain tumor growth while blocking antitumor immune responses. Local acidity could also profoundly influence bioactivity and distribution of antibodies, thus potentially interfering with the clinical efficacy of therapeutic antibodies including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hence tumor acidity is a central regulator of cancer immunity that orchestrates both local and systemic immunosuppression and that may offer a broad panel of therapeutic targets. This review outlines the fundamental pathways of acidity-driven immune dysfunctions and sheds light on the potential strategies that could be envisaged to potentiate immune-mediated tumor control in cancer patients.
Multichannel receivers for OFDM and TDMA in mobile communications (2002)

This paper addresses the use of multichannel receivers for blind equalization in TDMA under frequency selective channels and OFDM systems in frequency flat fading channels. A new criteria is proposed for blind equalization of finite length mobile channels.
First Identification of Boronic Species as Novel Potential Inhibitors of the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> NorA Efflux Pump (2014)

Overexpression of efflux pumps is an important mechanism of bacterial resistance that results in the extrusion of antimicrobial agents outside the bacterial cell. Inhibition of such pumps appears to be a promising strategy that could restore the potency of existing antibiotics. The NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus confers resistance to a wide range of unrelated substrates, such as hydrophilic fluoroquinolones, leading to a multidrug-resistance phenotype. In this work, approximately 150 heterocyclic boronic species were evaluated for their activity against susceptible and resistant strains of S. aureus. Twenty-four hit compounds, although inactive when tested alone, were found to potentiate ciprofloxacin activity by a 4-fold increase at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 8 μg/mL against S. aureus 1199B, which overexpresses NorA. Boron-free analogues showed no biological activity, thus revealing that the boron atom is crucial for biological activity. This work describes the first reported efflux pump inhibitory activity of boronic acid derivatives.
Self-association of unconjugated bilirubin-IX α in aqueous solution at pH 10.0 and physical-chemical interactions with bile salt monomers and micelles (1979)

Spectrophotometric measurements of bilirubin-IX alpha in water and in aqueous/organic solvent mixtures at pH 10.0 as a function of bilirubin-IX alpha concentration (approx. 0.6–400 microM) are consistent with the formation of dimers (KD - 1.5 microM) in dilute (less than 10 microM) aqueous solution and further self-aggregation to multimers at higher concentrations. Added urea (to 10M) and increases in temperature (to 62 degrees C) obliterate the dimer-multimer transition at 10 microM, but added NaCl (to 0.30 M) promotes strong aggregation of dimers over a narrow concentration range, suggesting a ‘micellization’ phenomenon. Concentrations of dioxan or ethanol greater than 60% (v/v) in water were required to obtain the absorption spectrum of bilirubin-IX alpha monomers, suggesting that both hydrophobic and electrostatic (pi-orbital) interactions are involved in stabilizing the dimeric state in water. Micellar concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate induced spectrophotometric shifts in the dimer absorption spectrum of bilirubin-IX alpha consistent with progressive partitioning of bilirubin-IX alpha monomers into a relatively non-polar region of the micelles and allowed a deduction of the apparent critical micellar concentration that closely approximated the literature values. The pattern of bilirubin IX alpha association with bile salts is complex, since the absorption spectrum shifts hypsochromically below and bathochromically above the critical micellar concentration of the bile salts. Consistent with these observations, bilirubin IX alpha appears to bind to the polar face of bile salt monomers and to the polar perimeter of small bile salt micelles. At higher bile salt concentrations some-bilirubin-IX alpha monomers partition into the hydrophobic interior of the bile salt micelles. Our results suggest that under physiological conditions the natural conjugates of bilirubin-IX alpha may exhibit similar physical chemical properties in bile, in that dimers, highly aggregated multimers and bile salt-associated monomers may co-exist.
High figure of merit in Eu-filled CoSb3-based skutterudites (2002)

We report measurements of electrical resistivity, thermopower, thermal conductivity, and Hall coefficient of polycrystalline Eu-doped CoSb3-based skutterudites with compositions Eu0.20Co4Sb12, Eu0.43Co4Sb11.59Ge0.31, and Eu0.42Co4Sb11.37Ge0.50. The relatively high mobility of these compounds, as compared to that of La- and Ce-filled skutterudites, may play a role in the large thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT&gt;1 at 700 K) of Eu0.42Co4Sb11.37Ge0.50. We discuss the significant potential of these compounds for thermoelectric applications.