gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 3′-Untranslated Region of Murine Cyclooxygenase-2 Contains Multiple Regulatory Elements That Alter Message Stability and Translational Efficiency (2001)

Renal mesangial cells regulate their expression of the pro-inflammatory gene cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) through mechanisms involving gene transcription and post-transcriptional events. Post-transcriptional regulation of COX-2 is dependent, in part, on sequences within the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the COX-2 mRNA. Insertion of the entire 3'-UTR of COX-2 into the 3'-UTR of luciferase resulted in a 70% decrease in luciferase enzymatic activity. Measurement of steady-state reporter gene mRNA levels suggested that the loss of activity was due to decreased translational efficiency. Deletion analysis identified the first 60 nucleotides of the 3'-UTR of COX-2 as a major translational control element. This region of the 3'-UTR of COX-2 is highly conserved across species; is AU-rich; and contains multiple repeats of the regulatory sequence AUUUA, reported to confer post-transcriptional control. In addition, we identified regions of the 3'-UTR of COX-2 outside of the first 60 nucleotides that altered message stability. Some of these regions contained AUUUA consensus sequences, whereas others did not, and represent novel control elements. These results suggest that expression of COX-2 in mesangial cells depends on the complex integration of multiple signals derived from the 3'-UTR of the message.
A study on speed synchronization for multi-motors using controller area network (2002)

In case of the speed synchronization for multi-motors, the real time data communication is necessary. In order to satisfy this requirement, the complex signal lines are usually used to detect each motor speed and to command the desired speed. Such a traditional implementation technique induces many problems in the view of reliability and economy because of the amount and complexity of wiring, noise and maintenance problems. These problems are serious especially when the motor controllers are separated widely. In this paper, we propose the simple synchronization system with the aid of serial communication using the controller area network (CAN) to overcome these problems. CAN is generally applied in car networking in order to reduce the complexity of the related wiring harnesses. These traditional CAN application techniques are modified to achieve the real time communication for the multi-motor control system. Also, the speed synchronization technique is developed and the proposed methods are verified experimentally.
The Application of TOPSIS Method in Selecting Fixed Seismic Shelter for Evacuation in Cities (2012)

Selecting appropriate fixed seismic shelters for evacuation is key to earthquake engineering in cities. The author establishes an evaluation system comprising 3 first-level indices and 9 second-level indices related to influential factors such as risk of hazard, location & size and rescue facilities. The indices are generated by use of AHP and entropy methods. Finally, fixed seismic shelters for evacuation are selected by applying TOPSIS method, which proves the applicability of this method.
Local search with perturbations for the prize‐collecting Steiner tree problem in graphs (2001)

Abstract Given an undirected graph with prizes associated with its nodes and weights associated with its edges, the prize‐collecting Steiner tree problem consists of finding a subtree of this graph which minimizes the sum of the weights of its edges plus the prizes of the nodes not spanned. In this paper, we describe a multistart local search algorithm for the prize‐collecting Steiner tree problem, based on the generation of initial solutions by a primal‐dual algorithm using perturbed node prizes. Path‐relinking is used to improve the solutions found by local search and variable neighborhood search is used as a post‐optimization procedure. Computational experiments involving different algorithm variants are reported. Our results show that the local search with perturbations approach found optimal solutions on nearly all of the instances tested. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A abordagem de conteúdos matemáticos através de objetos de aprendizagem em uma escola da rede estadual de ensino (2007)

Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia (FCT), Departamento de Estatistica, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
Decoupled Current Model and Control of Modular Multilevel Converters (2015)

Modular multilevel converters offer several benefits, such as high scalability and power quality, which are particularly advantageous for high-voltage dc transmission systems. However, the control of such converters is very challenging due to the number of control objectives to be achieved simultaneously. The input and output currents must be controlled at their own references, and these references must be properly generated in order to keep the average capacitor voltage constant. The circulating current can be controlled either to minimize losses or to reduce capacitor voltage ripple. Additionally, the capacitor voltage must be kept balanced among cells during the converter operation. In this paper, a model with four independent dynamical components of the arm currents, which also considers the effect of ac and dc systems, is proposed. The proposed model facilitates the dynamical analysis of currents and simplifies the design and implementation of current controllers. Analysis of the proposed current model and experimental results, which confirm the performance of the designed controllers, is shown.
Identification of 86 candidates for small non-messenger RNAs from the archaeon <i>Archaeoglobus</i> <i>fulgidus</i> (2002)

In a specialized cDNA library from the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus we have identified a total of 86 different expressed RNA sequences potentially encoding previously uncharacterized small non-messenger RNA (snmRNA) species. Ten of these RNAs resemble eukaryotic small nucleolar RNAs, which guide rRNA 2'-O-methylations (C/D-box type) and pseudouridylations (H/ACA-box type). Thereby, we identified four candidates for H/ACA small RNAs in an archaeal species that are predicted to guide a total of six rRNA pseudouridylations. Furthermore, we have verified the presence of the six predicted pseudouridines experimentally. We demonstrate that 22 snmRNAs are transcribed from a family of short tandem repeats conserved in most archaeal genomes and shown previously to be potentially involved in replicon partitioning. In addition, four snmRNAs derived from the rRNA operon of A. fulgidus were identified and shown to be generated by a splicing/processing pathway of pre-rRNAs. The remaining 50 RNAs could not be assigned to a known class of snmRNAs because of the lack of known structure and/or sequence motifs. Regarding their location on the genome, only nine were located in intergenic regions, whereas 33 were complementary to an ORF, five were overlapping an ORF, and three were derived from the sense orientation within an ORF. Our study further supports the importance of snmRNAs in all three domains of life.
Role of Peroxide Ions in Formation of Graphene Nanosheets by Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite (2014)

This study demonstrates a facile, mild and environmentally-friendly sustainable (soft processing) approach for the efficient electrochemical exfoliation of graphite using a sodium hydroxide/hydrogen peroxide/water (NaOH/H2O2/H2O) system that can produce high-quality, anodic few-layer graphene nanosheets in 95% yield at ambient reaction conditions. The control experiment conducted using NaOH/H2O revealed the crucial role of H2O2 in the exfoliation of graphite. A possible exfoliation mechanism is proposed. The reaction of H2O2 with hydroxyl ions (HO(-)) leads to the formation of highly nucleophilic peroxide ions (O2(2-)), which play a crucial role in the exfoliation of graphite via electrochemical-potential-assisted intercalation and strong expansion of graphite sheets.
Virtualisation and Thin Client : A Survey of Virtual Desktop environments (2009)

This survey examines some of the leading commercial Virtualisation and Thin Client technologies. Reference is made to a number of academic research sources and to prominent industry specialists and commentators. A basic virtualisation Laboratory model is assembled to demonstrate fundamental Thin Client operations and to clarify potential problem areas.
Use of Horseradish‐Peroxidase Labelled Antibodies in ELISA for Plant Virus Detection (1988)

Abstract Detection of plant viruses by ELISA using horseradish peroxidase for antibody labelling (ELISA‐peroxidase) has been standardized by evaluating variants of the procedure, regarding composition and concentration of buffers and additives. Immunoglobulins (IgG) are isolated from antisera by precipitation with ammonium‐sulphate and by purification with DEAE‐52 (Whatman) cellulose. IgG are conjugated with horseradish peroxidase by a modified oxidation‐periodate method. In ELISA‐peroxidase 0.05 M carbonate‐bicarbonate coating buffer pH 9.6 has been substituted by 0.01 M carbonate buffer pH 9.2. Extraction buffer is used with 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Samples are diluted in, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.2 with 0.05% Tween 20 and 0.5% BSA. IgG are conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, diluted in 0.1 M Tris‐HCl, pH 7.4 with 0.05% Tween 20 and 1% BSA. The substrate is incubated in the darkness for 20 min at room temperature. ELISA‐peroxidase proved to be equivalent in sensitivity and specificity with ELISA using alkaline phosphatase for antibody labelling. Its advantage is a lower cost of chemicals used in the test.
The role of Cdc2 feedback loop control in the DNA damage checkpoint in mammalian cells. (1997)

DNA damage inactivates cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and arrests the cell cycle. Following DNA damage, the G1-S CDKs are inhibited by a mechanism involving p53-dependent induction of p21Cip1/Waf1; but how the Cdc2 is inhibited is less apparent. We found that the signal generated by the DNA damage checkpoint in G2 was dominant over that from the spindle microtubule-assembly checkpoint, because the high Cdc2 activity present in nocodazole or Taxol-arrested cells was reduced by DNA damage. Phosphorylation of the inhibitory residues in Cdc2, Thr14, and Tyr15 coincided with the inactivation of Cdc2 after DNA damage. Interpretation of this result, however, was not straightforward due to the regulation of Thr14/Tyr15 phosphorylation by feedback loops; hence, their phosphorylation can in principle result merely from the inhibition of Cdc2 activity. Consistent with this, Thr14/Tyr15 phosphorylation was induced when Cdc2 kinase activity was inhibited with butyrolactone-I. Given these complications, we undertook a more critical analysis of the mechanisms that regulate Cdc2 after DNA damage. Caffeine reversed the DNA damage-induced inhibition of Cdc2 by causing dephosphorylation of Cdc2, and this dephosphorylation still occurred even when the Cdc2 feedback loops were blocked with butyrolactone-I. These data suggest that the DNA damage checkpoint in part acts through Thr14/Tyr15 phosphorylation by a mechanism independent of Cdc2 activity, and this phosphorylation can be accentuated by the Cdc2 feedback loops involving Thr14/Tyr15 protein kinases and phosphatases. The kinase activity of the Wee1Hu Tyr15 protein kinase was unaltered after DNA damage, but the phosphatase activity of Cdc25C was reduced. Thus, the decrease in Cdc25C activity may in part account for the DNA damage-induced increase in Thr14/Tyr15 phosphorylation.
Synthesis of (4<i>E</i>,7<i>S</i>)‐(−)‐7‐Methoxy‐4‐tetradecenoic Acid, a Major Constituent of the Marine Cyanophyte <i>Lyngbya Majuscula</i> (1995)

Abstract The metabolite of the marine cyanophyte Lyngbya majuscula (4E, 7S )‐(−)‐7‐methoxy‐4‐tetradecenoic acid ( 1 ) has been synthesized for the first time in optically active form in eight steps in 20% overall yield, Heptyloxirane ( 3 ) and the alkyne 4 containing the carboxyl group masked as a tricyclic orthoester were prepared by known methods from 5 and 6 as starting materials. Reaction of lithiated 4 with 3 afforded in 74% yield the alkyne 2 which could easily be transformed into the target molecule. Hydrogenation with Lindlar catalyst produced 7 which could be isomerized to 8 with ( E ) configuration. Methylation of the 7‐hydroxy group in 8 gave 9 which could be transformed into the methyl ester 10 and the (4 E,7S )‐acid 1 in high yield.
Learning Formation of Physically-Based Face Attributes (2020)

Based on a combined data set of 4000 high resolution facial scans, we introduce a non-linear morphable face model, capable of producing multifarious face geometry of pore-level resolution, coupled with material attributes for use in physically-based rendering. We aim to maximize the variety of the participant’s face identities, while increasing the robustness of correspondence between unique components, including middle-frequency geometry, albedo maps, specular intensity maps and high-frequency displacement details. Our deep learning based generative model learns to correlate albedo and geometry, which ensures the anatomical correctness of the generated assets. We demonstrate potential use of our generative model for novel identity generation, model fitting, interpolation, animation, high fidelity data visualization, and low-to-high resolution data domain transferring. We hope the release of this generative model will encourage further cooperation between all graphics, vision, and data focused professionals, while demonstrating the cumulative value of every individual’s complete biometric profile.
Bees Have Magnetic Remanence (1978)

Honey bees orient to the earth's magnetic field. This ability may be associated with a region of transversely oriented magnetic material in the front of the abdomen. The magnetic moment apparently develops in the pupal state and persists in the adults.
Immune-modulating effects of alpha-1 antitrypsin (2014)

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a circulating serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that inhibits neutrophil elastase in the lung, and AAT deficiency is associated with early-onset emphysema. AAT is also a liver-derived acute-phase protein that, in vitro and in vivo, reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits apoptosis, blocks leukocyte degranulation and migration, and modulates local and systemic inflammatory responses. In monocytes, AAT has been shown to increase intracellular cAMP, regulate expression of CD14, and suppress NFκB nuclear translocation. These effects may be mediated by AAT's serpin activity or by other protein-binding activities. In preclinical models of autoimmunity and transplantation, AAT therapy prevents or reverses autoimmune disease and graft loss, and these effects are accompanied by tolerogenic changes in cytokine and transcriptional profiles and T cell subsets. This review highlights advances in our understanding of the immune-modulating effects of AAT and their potential therapeutic utility.
Investigation of nitrogen solubility process in silicon carbide (1979)

Abstract On the basis of the epitaxial layers of SiC (N) grown from vapour phase by the sublimation method in a temperature interval (1900–2200) °C and at nitrogen partial pressures from 4 to 760 Torr has been determined the dependence of the nitrogen content in the epitaxial layers of SiC(N) on the nitrogen partial pressure and the temperature of growing. A thermodynamics analysis of the nitrogen solubility process in silicon carbide has been developed taking account of the electron‐hole interaction. The experimental and calculation results, we have obtained, allowed us to determine the partial mol solubility heat of nitrogen in SiC.
2A2-L04 Automatic pH measurement using ISFET (2009)

Automatic pH measurement sensor system was developed using a flow-through type differential ISFET sensor. Measuring conditions such as suctioning of sample, washing, and measuring time were investigated, and was operated 90 sec consisting of 60 sec of washing period, 10 sec of waiting/moving period, 20 sec of measruing period. In measuring period, about 35 μl of sample solution was withdrawn to the space around a measurement ISFET, and the change of differential source potential was measured. Absolute values of error for four sample solutions with weak buffering ability were less than 0.098 pH. Through these experiments, high-speed and automated pH measurement will be possible by using ISFET sensors even for sample solutions of weak buffer ability.
Recombinant Origin of the Retrovirus XMRV (2011)

The retrovirus XMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) has been detected in human prostate tumors and in blood samples from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, but these findings have not been replicated. We hypothesized that an understanding of when and how XMRV first arose might help explain the discrepant results. We studied human prostate cancer cell lines CWR22Rv1 and CWR-R1, which produce XMRV virtually identical to the viruses recently found in patient samples, as well as their progenitor human prostate tumor xenograft (CWR22) that had been passaged in mice. We detected XMRV infection in the two cell lines and in the later passage xenografts, but not in the early passages. In particular, we found that the host mice contained two proviruses, PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2, which share 99.92% identity with XMRV over >3.2-kilobase stretches of their genomes. We conclude that XMRV was not present in the original CWR22 tumor but was generated by recombination of two proviruses during tumor passaging in mice. The probability that an identical recombinant was generated independently is negligible (~10(-12)); our results suggest that the association of XMRV with human disease is due to contamination of human samples with virus originating from this recombination event.
Consistent Entry-Hole Diameter Perforating Charge Reduces Completion Pressure and Increases Proppant Placement (2015)

Abstract To help reduce entry-hole diameter variation and eliminate the risk of using centralizing rings, a family of perforating charges was developed with the objective to maintain consistent hole size, regardless of the clearance distance between the charges and the casing. This paper demonstrates that this family of charges makes the stimulation behavior, specifically the treating pressures and rates, more consistent and predictable. Consistent entry-hole diameter charges and an industry standard premium charge were run in two horizontal wells for comparison. The fluid systems of the two wells varied, so only stage-to-stage comparisons within the same well were used for analysis. Comparison of breakdown and treating pressures and overall proppant placed in each stage demonstrated that consistent hole-size charges yielded better results. Breakdown pressures were reduced by 10%; treating pressures were reduced by 3%, and the amount of proppant placed in the formation increased by approximately 4,640 lbm/stage using consistent hole-size charges. The design of horizontal completions includes multiple inputs and variables that can make it difficult to determine completion fluid and proppant behavior during stimulation, particularly the entry-hole diameter created by explosive perforating charges. In horizontal wells, perforating charges are near the bottom of the casing, causing energy directed outward from the charges through the casing, cement, and formation to be inconsistent. Generally, charges lying on the bottom of the casing create larger, deeper holes. However, energy is lost from the charges facing upward because the perforating jets must first pass through a larger fluid gap before penetrating the casing. This inconsistency in hole size causes significant variation in formation breakdown and treating pressure between stimulation intervals, affecting the amount of fluid and proppant placed in the formation, influencing overall well productivity. Attempts to centralize a perforating gun in the wellbore have been made, reducing variability of perforating charge standoff from the casing. This introduces additional risk of becoming stuck or unintentionally pumping the guns off the wireline. Therefore, a perforating charge capable of delivering consistent entry holes is essential. This paper discusses a comparison of two distinct perforating charges fired in the same well in contrast to previous studies conducted with the charges fired in different wells. This comparison reduces the amount of uncontrollable variables and demonstrates the improved economics of an asset using a consistent hole-size charge.
Facilitation of Task Performance and Removal of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation by an Ampakine (CX717) in Nonhuman Primates (2005)

The deleterious effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on behavior and cognition are a concern in modern society. Persons at risk for impaired performance and health-related issues resulting from prolonged sleep loss would benefit from agents capable of reducing these detrimental effects at the time they are sleep deprived. Agents capable of improving cognition by enhancing brain activity under normal circumstances may also have the potential to reduce the harmful or unwanted effects of sleep deprivation. The significant prevalence of excitatory alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamatergic receptors in the brain provides a basis for implementing a class of drugs that could act to alter or remove the effects of sleep deprivation. The ampakine CX717 (Cortex Pharmaceuticals), a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors, was tested for its ability to enhance performance of a cognitive, delayed match-to-sample task under normal circumstances in well-trained monkeys, as well as alleviate the detrimental effects of 30-36 h of sleep deprivation. CX717 produced a dose-dependent enhancement of task performance under normal alert testing conditions. Concomitant measures of regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (CMRglc) during the task, utilizing positron emission tomography, revealed increased activity in prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and medial temporal lobe (including hippocampus) that was significantly enhanced over normal alert conditions following administration of CX717. A single night of sleep deprivation produced severe impairments in performance in the same monkeys, accompanied by significant alterations in task-related CMRglc in these same brain regions. However, CX717 administered to sleep-deprived monkeys produced a striking removal of the behavioral impairment and returned performance to above-normal levels even though animals were sleep deprived. Consistent with this recovery, CMRglc in all but one brain region affected by sleep deprivation was also returned to the normal alert pattern by the drug. The ampakine CX717, in addition to enhancing cognitive performance under normal alert conditions, also proved effective in alleviating impairment of performance due to sleep deprivation. Therefore, the ability to activate specific brain regions under normal alert conditions and alter the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on activity in those same regions indicate a potential role for ampakines in sustaining performance under these types of adverse conditions.