gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Macromolecular Structure of a Brown Coal by Means of Oxidative Degradation in Aqueous Phase (1999)

Acid-washed Morwell brown coal was oxidized at 85 °C in a 0.5 N Na2CO3 aqueous solution in a closed system, through which oxygen gas was bubbled. The oxidation took 1−12 h and consumed 1.8−5.8 mmol of O2 per gram of the coal. Analyses of the products revealed that aromatic carbon was selectively oxidized into carboxyls in the residual solid (oxidized coal), water-soluble nonaromatic acids, and carbon dioxide, while aliphatic carbon was minimally involved in the reaction. Considering that the coal consists of two major structural elements, aromatic clusters (mono- or fused aromatic rings with peripheral groups) and intercluster bridges (alkyl groups and ethers connecting clusters), it was concluded that the oxidation converted aromatic carbons bonded to bridges into peripheral carboxyl groups on the neighboring clusters and also converted the other aromatic carbons into nonaromatic acids or carbon dioxide. According to the mechanism of the oxidation, which decomposed the macromolecular network of the coal-eliminating clusters and converting bridges into peripherals, the number of carboxyls formed as peripherals was expected to equal that of bridges which were bonded to eliminated clusters. From the relationship between the decrease in the amount of aromatic carbon and the corresponding increase in the amount of carboxylic carbon, the average number of bridges per eliminated cluster was estimated as 2.9 and 1.3 in the early and later stages of the oxidation, respectively, assuming the average number of aromatic carbon atoms per cluster to be 6. The mass fraction of solvent-extractable material increased as oxidation progressed and reached 0.97 after 12 h of oxidation. The oxidation thus enabled us to determine the quantitative relationship between the decrease in the number of bridges and clusters and the increase in the proportion of low-molecular-mass network fragments.
High surface area Ce0.9CU0.1O2-δ and Ce0.9Mn0.1O2-δ solid solutions for CO and HCHO oxidation (2009)

Ce 0.9 Cu 0.1 O 2-δ and Ce 0.9 Mn 0.1 O 2-δ solid solutions with high surface area (> 100 m 2 g -1 ) have been prepared by a modified citrate sol-gel method. XRD results confirm the formation of Ce 0.9 X 0.1 O 2-δ (where X = Cu or Mn) solid solution. Raman results indicate that a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies is obtained on the Ce 0.9 CU 0.1 O 2-δ catalyst compared to that of Ce 0.9 Mn 0.1 O 2-δ . In situ DRIFTS results show the chemisorption of CO on the Ce 0.9 Cu 0.1 O 2-δ catalyst, but there is no chemisorption of CO on the Ce 0.9 Mn 0.1 O 2-δ catalyst. For CO oxidation, Ce 0.9 Cu 0.1 O 2-δ shows higher activity than Ce 0.9 Mn 0.1 O 2-δ , due to the higher concentration of oxygen vacancies and the strong chemisorption of CO on the catalyst. For HCHO oxidation, Ce 0.9 Mn 0.1 O 2-δ shows slightly higher activity than Ce 0.9 Cu 0.1 O 2-δ , due to the fact that the lattice oxygen is more easily reducible in Ce 0.9 Mn 0.1 O 2-δ than in Ce 0.9 Cu 0.1 O 2-δ .
Optical fiber management and testing system for PON enhanced with identification technologies using a mobile access terminal with a two-dimensional code scanner and fault isolation technologies using high spatial resolution OTDR (2007)

Feature Issue on Passive Optical Network Architectures and TechnologiesWe propose what we believe to be a newly developed optical fiber management and testing system with a view to reducing the operation, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) cost for PON. Identification technologies using a mobile access terminal with a two-dimensional code scanner, and fault isolation technologies using a high-spatial-resolution optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) enhance the functions for the registration, administration, and maintenance of PON infrastructure. We evaluated the construction and repair process using our prototype system. We confirmed that it is very easy to register and identify outside plant information. Moreover, we can automatically evaluate fiber lines without the need to involve a worker at the central office. These results show that this system can reduce the OA&M cost for PON.
<i>In-situ</i> oxygen x-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of the resistance modulation mechanism in LiNbO2 memristors (2012)

In situ near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) is performed on LiNbO2 analog memristors to identify the underlying analog resistance modulation mechanism. Empty electronic state gradients in the NEXAFS difference spectra are observed in biased devices indicating a gradual movement of lithium. This movement of lithium supports the assertion that simple ion dopant drift and diffusion dominate the analog memristor’s resistance response. By identifying the physical memristance mechanism in analog LiNbO2 memristors, suggestions are made for additions to the memristor to modify device performance for both neuromorphic computing and memory applications.
Essential System Administration (1991)

Whether you use a standalone Unix system, routinely provide administrative support for a larger shared system, or just want an understanding of basic administrative functions, Essential System Administration is for you. This comprehensive and invaluable book combines the author's years of practical experience with technical expertise to help you manage Unix systems as productively and painlessly as possible.
A low-cost jitter measurement technique for BIST applications (2003)

In this paper, we present a technique to measure the RMS period jitter of the signal under test. In the proposed approach, the lead/lag relationships between the signal under test and two delayed versions of itself are compared. The collected information corresponds to two points along the jitter's cumulative distribution function (CDF) curve from which the RMS period jitter value can be derived. Currently, SPICE simulation results show less than 5% error for RMS jitter values ranging from 40 to 60 ps.
Design and Evaluation of “BTTN”: A Backscattering Tag-to-Tag Network (2018)

Radio frequency (RF)-powered backscatter communication between passive tags holds tremendous potential as an enabling technology for a ubiquitous “Internet of Things.” We develop a backscattering tag-to-tag network (BTTN), comprised of passive tags capable of large-scale, passive, and multihop communication with each other via backscatter modulation of an external RF excitation signal. The low sensitivity and lack of active demodulator on passive tags present significant challenges to the communication, including a unique phase cancellation problem, which significantly affects the range and robustness of a passive tag-to-tag link. We overcome these challenges using innovative tag architecture and also develop a novel multiphase backscatter modulation technique with a learning mechanism that overcomes the phase cancellation problem. This improves the link performance bringing passive tag-to-tag communication closer to practical use. The additional hardware compared to the conventional radio frequency identification tag architecture includes one more terminating impedance in the modulator. The data rate is reduced due to backscatter at two different phases while the increase in the power consumption is negligible. We develop prototype BTTN tag hardware and firmware and evaluate its performance. The prototype achieves link ranges of up to 3 m at 5 kb/s with an excitation power level of only -20 dBm while successfully overcoming phase cancellation. We further extend BTTN operation to a multihop network where we demonstrate a four hop link capable of communicating over 12 m under similar conditions.
Restructuring the Soviet economic bureaucracy (1991)

Foreword James R. Millar Preface 1. Perestroika and bureaucracy 2. Design 3. Organization 4. Bureaucratic behaviour 5. Allocation 6. Construction 7. The party 8. Reform Appendix: interviewing former Soviet economic bureaucrats Index.
Inkjet deposition and characterization of transparent conducting electroactive polyaniline composite films with a high carbon nanotube loading fraction (2007)

We report the synthesis and inkjet processing of water dispersable polyaniline composite materials with a high carbon nanotube loading fraction. Printed films displayed good optical transparency, sheet resistance and electrochromic behaviour, allowing switching between yellow, green and blue.
Cel6B of<i>Thermobifidus fusca</i>and a Cel5-CBM6 of<i>Ruminococcus albus</i>containing a cellulose binding site show synergistic effect on hydrolysis of native plant cellulose (2004)

Hydrolysis of cellulose requires two different types of cellulases: exo- and endocellulase. Here, we investigated for the hydrolysis of cellulose by two types of cellulases, an endoglucanase (Cel5) from Ruminococcus albus fused with the xylanase A cellulose binding domain II (CBM6) of Clostridium stercorarium and Thermobifidus fusca E3, an exoglucanase (Cel6B). Cel5-CBM6 or Cel6B showed a linear relationship between the production of soluble sugars and the incubation time when native alfalfa cellulose was used as a substrate. Cel5-CBM6 produces more soluble sugars than Cel6B and the hydrolysis of cellulose by a mixture of the two enzymes produces substantially more (22%) soluble sugars than the total amount produced by these enzymes individually. Although Cel5-CBM6 solubilized high quantities of sugars from alfalfa cellulose, it did not significantly decrease its crystallinity, while Cel6B decreased the crystallinity of cellulose by 34%. When the two cellulases were combined, a decrease of more than 50% in the content of crystalline cellulose was observed. The enzyme–gold labeling experiments revealed that both enzymes showed a high affinity for all substrates. Furthermore, simultaneous visualization of the enzyme-binding sites revealed the preferred substrates in native lignocellulosic material. When plant cellulose was pre-incubated with Cel5-CBM6, density of the gold labeling greatly increased suggesting that preliminary exposure of lignocellulosic material to Cel5-CBM6 may have enhanced the accessibility of the substrate to Cel5-CBM6 and Cel6B. This result provides a plausible explanation for the observed endo/exo cellulase synergism during hydrolysis.
Experimental verification of convolution/superposition photon dose calculations for radiotherapy treatment planning (2003)

This work describes an experimental verification of the two-photon dose calculation engines available on the Helax-TMS (version 6.1) commercial radiotherapy treatment planning system. The performance of the pencil beam convolution and the collapsed cone superposition algorithms was examined for 4, 6, 15 MV beams, under a range of clinically relevant irradiation geometries. Comparisons against measurements were carried out in terms of absolute dose, thus assessment of the accuracy of monitor unit (MU) calculations was also carried out. Results show that both algorithms agree with measurement to acceptable tolerance levels in most cases in homogeneous water-equivalent media irradiated under full scatter conditions. The collapsed cone algorithm slightly overestimates the penumbra width and this is mainly due to discretization effects of the fluence matrix. The accuracy of this algorithm strongly depends on the resolution of the patient density matrix. It is recommended that the density matrix voxel size used for dose calculations is less than 5 x 5 x 5 mm3. The dose in media irradiated under missing tissue geometry, or in the presence of low or high-density heterogeneities, is modelled best with the collapsed cone algorithm. This is of particular clinical interest in treatment planning of the breast and of the thorax. For these treatment sites, a retrospective study of treatment plans indicated in certain cases significant overestimation of the dose to the planning target volume when using the pencil beam convolution model.
Anionic Polymerization and Copolymerization of Hydrocarbon Monomers Catalyzed by Organobarium Initiators (1975)

Abstract The barium salt of the dimeric dianion of 1,1-diphenylethylene (Ba-DPhE) initiates polymerization and copolymerization of monomers capable of anionic polymerization (butadiene, isoprene, styrene) in ethereal and hydrocarbon solvents. Ba-DPhE is more stereospecific in butadiene polymerization (up to 70% of cis-1, 4-units in hydrocarbon medium) than initiators based on other metals of Groups I and II. The relative reactivity of monomers in copolymerization processes in THF decreases in an order typical for anionic polymerization: styrene > butadiene > isoprene. The most interesting feature of organobarium initiators is their ability to form random butadiene-styrene copolymers with high cis-1,4-butadiene unit content when copolymerization proceeds in a hydrocarbon medium. A new phenomenon in anionic polymerization, the dependence of diene units structure on copolymer composition, was observed. Thus an increase of styrene content in butadienestyrene copolymer leads to conversion of cis-1,4-butadiene units into trans-1,4-units (in benzene) or to conversion of 1,4-units to 1,2-units (in THF). Similarly, an increase of butadiene content in its copolymer with isoprene (in benzene) leads to conversion of cis-1,4-isoprene units into trans-1,4-units. Spectrophotometric, conductometric, and viscometric methods were used to study organobarium active centers. Certain anomalies connected with the formation of specific aggregates due to coupling of bifunctional hydrocarbon chains with bivalent counterions were observed.
Electrochemical and Thermal Behavior of LiNi1 − z  M  z  O 2    (  M  = Co , Mn , Ti ) (1997)

We report the synthesis and electrochemical properties of highly stoichiometric samples. With the excess lithium method, samples with a well‐defined layered structure can be prepared in air. A large rechargeable capacity of about 200 mAh g−1 is obtained for 10% substitutives. Structural changes during charging and lithium ordering phenomena are discussed. We describe the thermal behavior of the substitutives and report the enhanced thermal stability and large rechargeable capacity of the manganese substitutives.
EWS/ETS Regulates the Expression of the Dickkopf Family in Ewing Family Tumor Cells (2009)

Our results suggested that DKK2 could not functionally substitute for DKK1 tumor-suppressive effect in EFT. Given the mutually exclusive expression of DKK1 and DKK2, EWS/ETS regulates the transcription of the DKK family, and the EWS/ETS-mediated DKK2 up-regulation could affect the tumorigenicity of EFT in an indirect manner.
Effects of calcium on the heterogeneity of the Na+, K+-ATPase forms in rat heart (1984)

The sensitivity of the Na+, K+ -ATPase to ouabain has been studied in sarcolemma vesicles isolated from normal rat heart. Two enzyme forms exhibiting high and low sensitivities to ouabain have been observed in Ca2+-free perfused heart. The half-maximal inhibitory effects occurred with 1−2 × 10-8M ouabain. The high sensitivity form undetectable in hearts maintained at a physiological Ca2+ level might represent altered low affinity sites or latent enzyme forms unmasked by low calcium concentrations. The heterogeneity of the Na+, K+-ATPase forms was found to be also modulated by the K+/ouabain antagonism, addition of K+ accentuating the heterogeneity. These in vitro results associated with in vitro experiments on isolated rat heart working under isovolumic conditions suggested that lowering Ca2+ has qualitative and quantitative effects. Low Ca2+ concentrations increased the sensitivities to ouabain and the amplitudes of both the enzyme inhibition and the positive inotropic effects.
High throughput SNP discovery and genotyping in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by combining a re-sequencing approach and SNPlex technology (2007)

These results provide accurate values for nucleotide diversity in coding sequences and a first estimate of short-range LD in grapevine. Using SNPlextrade mark genotyping we have shown the application of a set of discovered SNPs as molecular markers for cultivar identification, linkage mapping and genetic diversity studies. Thus, the combination a highly efficient re-sequencing approach and the SNPlextrade mark high throughput genotyping technology provide a powerful tool for grapevine genetic analysis.
Rich feature hierarchies from omni-directional RGB-DI information for pedestrian detection (2015)

In this paper, we propose an omni-directional pedestrian detection method from color, depth, and laser intensity (RGB-DI) information by fusing two different sensors, catadioptric camera and 3D LiDAR scanner. Our method is based on the use of Regions with Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) features, which is known as the state-of-the-art object detection method at this moment. The problem of R-CNN is that it takes long computation times over omni-directional searches. By fusing two sensors, we reduced the number of candidate regions and the whole computation time under half, and achieved better performances in the outdoor environment.
S.S.C.B. SİYASÎ REJİMİNİN ANA HATLARI (1964)

XIX. ve XX.Yüzyıllar yeni ideolojilerin yaratıldığı ve tatbik sahası bulduğu devirler olmuştur.Nasyonal Sosyalizm, Faşizm ve Komünizm XX. yüzyılda doğmuş, gelişmiş ve dünyada büyük akis ler yaratmıştır
Map-Based Probabilistic Visual Self-Localization (2015)

Accurate and efficient self-localization is a critical problem for autonomous systems. This paper describes an affordable solution to vehicle self-localization which uses odometry computed from two video cameras and road maps as the sole inputs. The core of the method is a probabilistic model for which an efficient approximate inference algorithm is derived. The inference algorithm is able to utilize distributed computation in order to meet the real-time requirements of autonomous systems in some instances. Because of the probabilistic nature of the model the method is capable of coping with various sources of uncertainty including noise in the visual odometry and inherent ambiguities in the map (e.g., in a Manhattan world). By exploiting freely available, community developed maps and visual odometry measurements, the proposed method is able to localize a vehicle to 4 m on average after 52 seconds of driving on maps which contain more than 2,150 km of drivable roads.
THE EFFECT OF KETANSERIN AND PIRENPERONE INJECTED INTO THE CA1 REGION ON SPATIAL DISCRIMINATION (2001)

In the present study, the effect of 5-HT2A receptor blockers in CA1 region of rat hippocampus on spatial learning was assessed in a T-maze, a spatial discrimination task. Rats were canulated bilaterally and injected daily vehicle (saline), 5-HT2A-selective antagonist, ketanserin (0.6, 1.2 or 2.4 µg/0.5 µl) and pirenperone (0.1, 0.3, 1.2 or 2.4 µg/0.5 µl) into the cannula 30 minutes before training. Results indicated that ketanserin and pirenperon did not affect spontaneous alternation and also did not induce a significant effect on trials to reach criterion and errors made by animals throughout spatial discrimination and reversal learning. But, in the rats that received ketanserin produced dose dependent decrease in the latencies to enter the chosen arm in both learning and reversal stages. During extinction, no change was observed in the choice of the previously reinforced arm in both ketanserin and pirenperone groups. The slope of latency in the ketanserin group that had received the highest dose of ketanserin (2.4 µg) than the sham operated group but not in the pirenperone group. These findings suggest that 5-HT2A receptors blockade (ketanserin, but not pirenperone) in the CA1 region may decrease decision time and increase behavioural flexibility in T-maze. Iran. Biomed. J. 5 (4): 141-147, 2001
Effects of Finasteride (MK-906), a 5<i>α</i>-Reductase Inhibitor, on Circulating Androgens in Male Volunteers* (1990)

Finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, was administered to normal male volunteers in a blinded placebo-controlled study at daily oral doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg for 11 days (part 1) and daily oral doses of 0.04, 0.12, 0.2, and 1.0 mg for 14 days (part 2). Results from part 1 showed a significant reduction in dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at all doses and a significant increase in both testosterone (T) and delta 4-androstenedione at the 50- and 100-mg doses. No change was seen in LH, FSH, cortisol, or estradiol levels. Serum lipids, including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were not affected by treatment. Results from part 2 again showed significant reduction in DHT at all doses. DHT levels returned to pretreatment values within 14 days of discontinuing treatment. Significant increases in T were observed only in the 1.0 mg group and only during the first 8 days of treatment. The T/DHT ratio increased with all doses and returned to baseline when drug was discontinued. The DHT metabolites and androstanediol glucuronide and androsterone glucuronide were significantly reduced at all doses. There were no significant adverse experiences reported during part 1 or 2. In conclusion, finasteride is well tolerated by normal volunteers and results in significant suppression of serum DHT at all doses tested.
Plasma immersion ion implantation for semiconductor thin film growth (1994)

A new experiment has been constructed to explore the potential of the plasma immersion ion implantation technique for thin film growth on semiconductor substrates. The experiment consists of an inductive plasma source, an ultrahigh vacuum vessel, and a 10 kV pulse generator. The first nitrogen and oxygen plasma results obtained with the inductive source are presented and analyzed.
Absolute refractive indices and thermal coefficients of fused silica and calcium fluoride near 193 nm (1998)

The refractive indices of several fused silica and calcium fluoride samples from different suppliers were measured with the minimum deviation method in the deep UV between 191 and 196 nm with a standard uncertainty of 7 ppm. For both materials the dispersion dn/dlambda near 193 nm and 20 degrees C was determined. In addition, we measured the thermal coefficients of the refractive index near 193 nm and between 15 and 25 degrees C.
Photodetection With Gate-Controlled Lateral BJTs From Standard CMOS Technology (2012)

The silicon-based gate-controlled lateral bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a controllable four-terminal photodetector with very high responsivity at low-light intensities. It is a hybrid device composed of a MOSFET, a lateral BJT, and a vertical BJT. Using sufficient gate bias to operate the MOS transistor in inversion mode, the photodetector allows for increasing the photocurrent gain by 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> at low light intensities when the base-emitter voltage is smaller than 0.4 V, and BJT is off. Two operation modes, with constant voltage bias between gate and emitter/source terminals and between gate and base/body terminals, allow for tuning the photoresponse from sublinear to slightly above linear, satisfying the application requirements for wide dynamic range, high-contrast, or linear imaging. MOSFETs from a standard 0.18-μm triple-well complementary-metal oxide semiconductor technology with a width to length ratio of 8 μm /2 μm and a total area of ~ 500 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are used. When using this area, the responsivities are 16-20 kA/W.
Automatisieren von Prüfvorgängen mit bildverarbeitenden Sensoren Teil 2. Prüfverfahren und Anwendungen / Automated inspection by image processing sensors Part 2. Inspection-methodes and applications (1983)

Article Automatisieren von Prüfvorgängen mit bildverarbeitenden Sensoren Teil 2. Prüfverfahren und Anwendungen / Automated inspection by image processing sensors Part 2. Inspection-methodes and applications was published on December 1, 1983 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 50, issue JG).