gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adoptive Immunotherapy as an In Vivo Model to Explore Antitumor Mechanisms Induced by a Recombinant Anticancer Vaccine (1997)

We have described previously the construction, generation, and in vivo biologic consequences of a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the human CEA gene (rV-CEA) in an experimental murine colon carcinoma model. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with rV-CEA led to antigen-specific inhibition of tumor growth in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Although such antitumor effects were correlated with the induction of CEA-specific T-cell responses, their exact contribution in the tumor rejection mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanism of action of rV-CEA, with emphasis on definition of the immune cells important for such antitumor effects. To that end, a cellular adoptive transfer model was established in vivo, which allowed specific functional analysis of donor-derived immune cells in naive, sublethally irradiated, tumor-bearing recipients. Splenocytes from rV-CEA-immunized donors expressed strong antitumor activity in such tumor-bearing recipients, whereas nonimmune donor cells did not. Depletion of immune T cells before cellular transfer abolished the antitumor response. Moreover, depletion of CD8+ T cells before transfer resulted in the loss of antitumor activity, despite the presence of CD4+ T cells. In contrast, antitumor activity was demonstrable with CD8-containing, CD4-depleted effectors, although it was not as effective as with both T-cell subpopulations combined. Finally, in beta 2-microglobulin/CD8+ T-cell-deficient mice, rV-CEA immunization exerted only partial antitumor protection, compared with the immune-competent controls. Overall, we demonstrated that (a) antitumor activity induced by rV-CEA was essentially mediated by CD8+ effectors; and (b) the combination of both CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes led to maximal antitumor therapeutic effects, suggesting an important helper or immunoregulatory contribution of the CD4+ subset. Thus, adoptive cellular transfer strategies may have implications for both the study of recombinant anticancer vaccines and the development of potential clinical applications for cancer immunotherapy.
Hexamethyldisilazane-Mediated Controlled Polymerization of α-Amino Acid<i>N</i>-Carboxyanhydrides (2007)

Ring-opening polymerizations of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) initiated with amines typically form polypeptides with uncontrolled molecular weights and broad molecular weight distributions. However, we found that hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)-mediated controlled NCA polymerizations gave polypeptides with predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Using MS, NMR, and FT-IR, we demonstrated that the initiation step involved the cleavage of the N−Si bond of HMDS and the formation of a trimethylsilyl carbamate (TMS-CBM) terminal group. Polypeptide chains were propagated through the migration of TMS of the TMS-CBM end group to the incoming monomer and formed a new TMS-CBM terminal group. This organosilicon reagent mediated NCA polymerization offers a metal-free strategy for the convenient synthesis of homo- or block polypeptides with predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions.
Batteries for 42/14 Volt Automotive Electrical Systems (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The automotive industry is moving to a higher voltage for the electrical system. This change will occur because the total electrical power required by the vehicles will increase to a level where the current requirements at 14 volts will be impractical. Some of the new loads will change the duty cycle of the battery. The most notable change is the proposed start/stop mode of vehicle operation where the engine is stopped and restarted frequently to avoid prolonged operation at idle. An additional feature would be to use an electric motor to assist in acceleration and/or to actually launch the vehicle. This paper addresses the changes in battery requirements brought on by these new features. A means of analysis for choosing the appropriate battery technology is presented. We also propose a life test to establish a benchmark for current battery technology when it is used in a new duty cycle.</div>
LVQ Neural Network Based Driving Cycles Recognition for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2012)

In order to establish a real-time hybrid electric vehicle energy management strategy, a LVQ neural network based driving cycles recognizer is established. Selecting 6 typical driving cycles, and the characteristic parameters of the typical driving cycles are extracted and is used to train the LVＱ neural network by LVQ2 algorithm. The trained LVＱ neural network is employed to recognize the other driving cycle. The result shows that the recognition result reflects the character of the real driving cycle very well.
Advantageous Features of Plant-based Systems for the Development of HIV Vaccines (2003)

Plants have recently become an attractive option for the production of recombinant proteins. Plant-based systems can be used to produce many classes of foreign proteins including candidate vaccine antigens. The selected antigen can be purified from plant material prior to delivery by the preferred route, or alternatively delivered orally in edible plant material that has been processed to give a homogeneous and stable product. Several plant species have been used to express a wide range of vaccine candidates with tobacco, potato and corn being particularly favored. Corn seed is especially well suited to various food processing technologies that generate dry homogeneous material suitable for extended storage and refrigeration-free transport and distribution. Many antigens have been expressed in corn and assessed for efficacy in trials with generally positive results. Candidate HIV vaccines are particularly good targets for plant-based oral delivery since there is a great need for an easily distributed affordable vaccine that could be administered without injection and induce strong mucosal immune responses. As a first step in evaluating plant expression technology with a relevant antigen that might easily be tested in an animal system, we expressed the SIV major surface glycoprotein gp130 (analogous to HIV gp120) in corn seed. Expression levels were achieved that are compatible with conducting oral delivery trials in animals.
Partial discharge detection and localization in power transformers (2011)

Acoustic partial discharge (PD) detection method has been developed as an important non-destructive testing technique adopted for monitoring the material processes and for testing, detection, and characterization of any defect in an electrical apparatus like power transformers. This method has advantages like the placement of several sensors on the outside of the tank allows a localization of PD source and measurements can be performed on-line and on-site. The paper describes a combination of UHF/electrical and acoustic method because combination of methods more increases plausibility of PD activity than pure acoustic method. This method can find PD sources with higher sensitivity especially for hidden PD defects. An experimental validation has been done on the transformer insulation model using an acoustic sensor at first in this paper. The study was complemented with measurements on transformers in test field.
Amplification of Chirality:  The “Sergeants and Soldiers” Principle Applied to Dynamic Hydrogen-Bonded Assemblies (2001)

The amplification of supramolecular chirality has been studied in dynamic chiral hydrogen-bonded assemblies 1(3).(CA)(6) using "Sergeants and Soldiers" experiments. Previously, we have shown that chiral centers present in either the dimelamine component 1 or the cyanurate component CA quantitatively induce one handedness (M or P) in the assembly. This offers the possibility to study the amplification of chirality under two different kinetic regimes. When chiral dimelamines 1 are used, the exchange of chiral components and (M/P)-interconversion, i.e., interconversion between the (M)- and (P)-isomers of assembly 1(3).(CA)(6), take place via identical pathways (condition A). When chiral cyanurates CA are used, the exchange of chiral components occurs much faster than (M/P)-interconversion (condition B). Experimentally, a much stronger chiral amplification is observed under condition B. For example, the observed chiral amplification for a mixture of chiral and achiral components (40:60) is 46% under condition B and 32% under condition A. Kinetic models were developed to fit the experimental data and to simulate chiral amplification in dynamic systems in general. These simulations show that it is theoretically possible that the diastereomeric excess in a dynamic system is more than 99% with less than 1% chiral component present!
Norine: A powerful resource for novel nonribosomal peptide discovery (2015)

Since its first release in 2008, Norine remains the unique resource completely devoted to nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). They are very attractive microbial secondary metabolites, displaying a remarkable diversity of structure and functions. Norine (http://bioinfo.lifl.fr/NRP) includes a database now containing more than 1160 annotated peptides and user-friendly interfaces enabling the querying of the database, through the annotations or the structure of the peptides. Dedicated tools are associated for structural comparison of the compounds and prediction of their biological activities. In this paper, we start by describing the knowledgebase and the dedicated tools. We then present some user cases to show how useful Norine is for the discovery of novel nonribosomal peptides.
RFID solutions for the express parcel and airline baggage industry (1999)

Texas Instruments has been developing a passive tag which removes some of the practical difficulties, meeting the optimum cost/performance trade off and performance requirements for two dedicated market sectors. In the form of a smart the transponder electronics have been laminated into paper labels and plastic cards and this product is called Tag-it/sup TM/. This passive transponder has been developed for the target markets of express parcels and airline baggage though, over time, we expect that it will be adapted for use in other market sectors. In these two markets a flexible label is required where it can meet existing label specifications and form factors and be easily introduced into existing hardware.
Area Efficient and Fast Combined Binary/Decimal Floating Point Fused Multiply Add Unit (2016)

In this work we present a new 64-bit floating point Fused Multiply Add (FMA) unit that can perform both binary and decimal addition, multiplication, and fused-multiply-add operations. The presented FMA has 6 percent less delay than the fastest stand-alone decimal unit and 23 percent less area than both binary and decimal units together. These results were achieved by the use of: 1) column by column reduction to reduce the partial products in the multiplier tree, 2) a new leading zeros detector that produces its output in base-3 to simplify the normalization shifting in the binary datapath, 3) the use of a redundant adder to perform the final addition, 4) using a new rounding-while-redundant technique to hide the rounding delay and remove it from the critical path, and 5) using a new simple conversion technique from redundant to binary/decimal.
Efficient System for Oxidation Induced by Transition Metal Complex Catalyst. (1992)

An efficient catalytic system is developed in the palladium( II )-induced oxidation reactions . The catalytic cycle depends on the autocycling redox of the coordinating o-quinone ligand , trimethyl ester of coenzyme PQQ, under molecular oxygen. O-Quinones work as a mediator to facilitate the Mn( III )TPPCl-catalyzed oxygenation reaction with hydrogen peroxide. The complex consisting of iron (II) chloride and the hetrocyclic mutidentate ligand ,N, N'-bis [2-(4-imidazolyl) ethyl] -2 , 6-pyridinedicarboxamide , catalyzes the epoxidation reaction of olefins with molecular oxygen in the absence of a reducing agent . Ligand and mediator play an important role in the transition metal complex induced oxidation reactions.
Magnesium catalyzed growth of SiO<sub>2</sub>hierarchical nanostructures by a thermal evaporation process (2008)

SiO(2) hierarchical nanostructures consisting of a wire-like main stem and lots of rod-like sub-branches have been synthesized by a magnesium catalyzed thermal evaporation process. It is indicated that magnesium plays a critical role in the synthesis of SiO(2) hierarchical nanostructures including promotion for SiO evaporation and hierarchical-like growth of SiO(2). Moreover, the photoluminescence (PL) analysis of the SiO(2) hierarchical nanostructures reveals that blue and ultraviolet (UV) emissions are detected, which are different from those of other SiO(2) nanostructures. Finally, the growth mechanism and PL emission of SiO(2) hierarchical nanostructures have been preliminarily discussed.
Facile strategy and mechanism for orthorhombic SnO2 thin films (2006)

Orthorhombic phase SnO2 is a material with unknown optical, electrical, and gas-sensing properties. It was found previously only at high pressures and temperatures. A facile strategy for the synthesis of orthorhombic SnO2 is of fundamental importance. Using pulsed-laser deposition, the authors report a kind of experimental realization of a pure orthorhombic SnO2 thin film under low pressure and temperature that are much lower than those of traditional methods. The optical properties of an orthorhombic SnO2 thin film were measured by spectrophotometric transmittance. The oxygen exchange reaction mechanism at the grain interfaces was proposed to explain the formation and optical properties of this orthorhombic phase.
Purification and Characterization of UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine: α1,3-d-Mannoside β1,4-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IV) from Bovine Small Intestine (1997)

A new beta1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT) which involves in branch formation of Asn-linked complex-type sugar chains has been purified 224,000-fold from bovine small intestine. This enzyme requires divalent cations, such as Mn2+, and catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to biantennary oligosaccharide and produces triantennary oligosaccharide with the beta1-4-linked GlcNAc residue on the Manalpha1-3 arm. The purified enzyme shows a single band of Mr 58,000 and behaves as a monomer. The substrate specificity demonstrated that the beta1-2-linked GlcNAc residue on the Manalpha1-3 arm (GnT-I product) is essential for the enzyme activity. beta1-4-Galactosylaion to this essential beta1-2-linked GlcNAc residue or N-acetylglucosaminylation to the beta-linked Man residue (bisecting GlcNAc, GnT-III product) blocks the enzyme action, while beta1-6-N-acetylglucosaminylation to the Manalpha1-6 arm (GnT-V product) increases the transfer. Based on these findings, we conclude that the purified enzyme is UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV (GnT-IV), that has been a missing link on biosynthesis of complex-type sugar chains.
Foveated texture mapping with JPEG2000 compression (2002)

A current technique to control the rendering speed in interactive virtual worlds is the representation of object geometry using a hierarchical level of detail. Missing features can be supplied through the use of texture maps, but the reduced rendering time is bought at a trade-off in the amount of memory required to store the texture images. Compressed texturing techniques (e.g. S3TC, FTX1, VQ) offer some relief, but at a cost to image quality and detail. This paper proposes a solution using texture images compressed with JPEG2000. The foveated JPEG2000 texture mapping method (fJ2k) decompresses codestreams to resolutions that vary based on current rendering performance and position of the requested texture image in the field of view. The final result is a foveated viewport rendered at interactive frame rates using significantly less memory than current methods.
Micro-Raman investigations of pressure-induced transformations in MBBA (1999)

The pressure-induced changes in the Raman spectra of a nematic N-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-p-(n-butyl)aniline (MBBA) liquid crystal were investigated in the wavenumber range 5–1670 cm−1. With increasing pressure, the Raman spectrum undergoes qualitative changes in a systematic manner and three distinct phase transitions, from nematic to plastic crystal, from plastic to crystalline C6P and from C6P to C5P , are obtained around 0.39, 0.78 and 3.12 GPa, respectively. The room temperature results obtained in this pressure study provide information on the structural modifications and phase behavior of MBBA molecules. The appearance of a plastic-like state was verified just below the nematic phase. The effects of pressure variation on MBBA phonon modes are discussed in detail. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production and Characterization of Hot-Melt Extruded Films Containing Clotrimazole (2003)

Hot-melt extrusion technology (HME) was used to prepare muco-adhesive matrix films containing 10% w/w clotrimazole (CT) intended for local drug delivery applications for the oral cavity. This study was aimed at the production and characterization of these drug delivery systems for the prophylaxis and treatment of oral candidiasis. The film system's formulation contained hydroxypropyl cellulose and poly(ethylene oxide) as polymeric carriers, the bioadhesive polycarbophil, and other excipients. The CT formulation was processed at a temperature range of 125-130 degrees C utilizing a Killion extruder (Model KLB-100) equipped with a 6-inch flex-lip die. The films were evaluated for postextrusion drug content, physical and chemical content uniformity, drug release, thermal and crystalline behavior, and bioadhesive strength. The extruded films demonstrated excellent content uniformity and a postprocessing drug content of 93.3% (+/- 1.0). The degradation product, (o-chlorophenyl)diphenyl methanol, was also identified and quantitated using high performance liquid chromatography. The films were determined to exhibit desirable and consistent release properties and bioadhesive strength (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that HME is a viable technique for the preparation of muco-adhesive films containing clotrimazole for oral candidiasis.
Effects of tip mass and actuator inertia on the behavior of a flexible arm robot (2002)

There are some important parameters that must be taken into consideration in the design process of the actuator for a flexible single link robot. Among these important factors are the hub inertia and the proper tip mass (including the payload) for optimum performance of the flexible arm system. The main objective of the paper is to study the effect of the actuator inertia as well as the tip mass in the flexible hub torque through the solution of the inverse dynamics problem. For comparison, two reference trajectories; Gaussian velocity, and a polynomial profile are applied. The equations of motion are derived with the help of the extended Hamilton principle using the virtual link coordinate system and the pinned-pinned boundary conditions.
An Empirical Study on Learning Bug-Fixing Patches in the Wild via Neural Machine Translation (2019)

Millions of open source projects with numerous bug fixes are available in code repositories. This proliferation of software development histories can be leveraged to learn how to fix common programming bugs. To explore such a potential, we perform an empirical study to assess the feasibility of using Neural Machine Translation techniques for learning bug-fixing patches for real defects. First, we mine millions of bug-fixes from the change histories of projects hosted on GitHub in order to extract meaningful examples of such bug-fixes. Next, we abstract the buggy and corresponding fixed code, and use them to train an Encoder-Decoder model able to translate buggy code into its fixed version. In our empirical investigation, we found that such a model is able to fix thousands of unique buggy methods in the wild. Overall, this model is capable of predicting fixed patches generated by developers in 9--50% of the cases, depending on the number of candidate patches we allow it to generate. Also, the model is able to emulate a variety of different Abstract Syntax Tree operations and generate candidate patches in a split second.
Natural cytotoxicity in patients undergoing radiation therapy (1983)

Natural cytotoxicity against k562 target cells was measured in 51 adults with solid epithelial malignant tumors who were untreated, in 42 patients who were studied within 6 weeks following completion of radiotherapy (4,000-7,000 rads), and in 27 normal subjects. In both the radiated and the nonirradiated groups, mean cytotoxicity for patients with localized cancers was not significantly different from that of the normal controls, whereas mean cytotoxicity for patients with advanced cancers was significantly lower than that for normal controls and patients with localized disease. Twelve percent of nonirradiated patients and 13% of radiated patients with localized tumors, but 46% of nonirradiated patients and 44% of irradiated patients with advanced cancers, failed to exhibit normal NK activity. Mean cytotoxicity for irradiated patients was not significantly different from that of untreated patients. PBL from most patients showed enhanced cytotoxicity after preincubation of PBL with interferon (IFNa). Mean cytotoxicities for nonirradiated and irradiated patients after IFNa pretreatment of PBL were not significantly different. In both patient groups, IFNa-boosted killing was significantly less in patients with advanced disease than in patients with local tumors or normals. These results indicated that radiotherapy has no significant effect on spontaneous or IFNa-boosted natural cytotoxicity.
1990 Plenary Lecture: Strain Rate Effects in Stress Corrosion Cracking (1990)

Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) was initially developed as a rapid, ad hoc laboratory method for assessing the propensity for metals and environments to promote stress corrosion cracking. It is now clear, however, that there are good theoretical reasons why strain rate, as opposed to stress per se, will often be the controlling parameter in determining whether or not cracks are nucleated and, if so, are propagated. The synergistic effects of the time dependences of corrosion-related reactions and microplastic strain provide the basis for mechanistic understanding of stress corrosion cracking in high-pressure pipelines and other structures. However, while this may be readily comprehended in the context of laboratory slow strain tests, its extension to service situations may be less apparent. Nevertheless, laboratory work involving realistic stressing conditions, including low-frequency cyclic loading, shows that strain or creep rates give good correlation with thresholds for cracking and with crack growth kinetics. Moreover, the time-dependent reduction of strain rates due to work hardening of steels can be related to the time dependences of crack nucleation and growth rates. When these latter quantities are combined in an appropriate way, including the coalescence of cracks, then it is possible to make predictions of the remaining life of cracked structures, a matter of growing importance in many industries, and all underpinned by the concept of strain rate.