gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
II—Navigatim a Midget Submarine (1955)

Although an X-craft is a complete submarine in miniature, it does not fire torpedoes but carries two large mines which are dropped under the enemy ship at anchor in its harbour and time-fused to explode when the X-craft has retired to a safe distance. Each mine—or side-charge, as they are called—carries a heavy weight of explosive, but is fitted with internal buoyancy tanks so that its weight on the boat in water is negligible. Each side-charge is faired nicely to the hull to avoid catching nets or wires and well streamlined to keep its effect on the boat's performance to a minimum. In this article I will illustrate some of the navigational problems which arise in operating X-craft by giving an account of the attack we made on the Tirpitz in 1943
New inhibitors of human renin that contain novel Leu-Val replacements (1987)

Stereoselective syntheses of several nonpeptide fragments that function as Leu10-Val11 scissile bond replacements in human angiotensinogen are presented. The opening of N-protected aminoalkyl epoxide 3 with a variety of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon nucleophiles is a key reaction in the preparation of these novel fragments 4-8. The coupling of these fragments to protected dipeptides that mimic positions 8 and 9 in angiotensinogen produces inhibitors of human renin even though the molecules contain no functionality beyond what is formally the Val11 side chain of angiotensinogen. R groups that closely resemble that of the Val side chain are preferable; thus, isopropyl greater than or equal to higher alkyl greater than phenyl greater than substituted phenyl. Sulfur is the best X group; oxidation leads to slight (X = SO2) and significant (X = SO) decreases in inhibitory potency. One such inhibitor, 60, has an IC50 of 13 nM when tested with purified human renin at pH 6.0. The significant activity of these small inhibitors is thought to be due in part to the hydroxyl group of the fragment functioning as a transition-state analogue. Of these, the inhibitors that contain histidine show marked selectivity toward renin over a related aspartic proteinase, pepsin.
[Diagnostic relevance of provocative (evocative) blood enzyme tests in pancreatic disease (author's transl)]. (1976)

After a review of the literature the author's results of testing pancreatic function in 445 patients with different diseases are reported. The activities of serum amylase and lipase were estimated before and after stimulation with secretin and pancreozymin; at the same time exocrine secretions of the pancreas were collected in the duodenum and analyzed. Serum enzyme activity did not change markedly after stimulation in pronounced pancreatic insufficiency. Measuring the enzyme activity thus helped to make the diagnosis only in a few cases with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. In all other patients there was no correlation between changes of serum enzyme activities and changes of exocrine pancreatic function. Pathological test results, that means an increase in enzyme activity after stimulation, were found not only in patients with established or suspected pancreatic diseases, but also in many other subjects. Thus the diagnostic relevance of these tests seems to be rather limited, since it does not prove or exclude with sufficient specificity or adequate probability the presence of pancreatic diseases; it therefore cannot be recommended for screening purposes.
Diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrofuran-containing fragments by the permanganate oxidation of 1,5,9-trienes (2000)

The permanganate oxidation of several readily accessible 1,5,9-trienes occurs regioselectively to provide very short diastereoselective routes to substituted octahydro-2,2′-bifuranyl systems.
Compact Gravity Driven and Capillary-Sized Thermosyphon Loop for Power Electronics Cooling (2013)

A novel two-phase thermosyphon based on automotive technology is presented as a valid solution for the cooling of power-electronic semiconductor modules. A horizontal evaporator configuration is investigated. This solution is based on a 90°-shaped thermosyphon that allows an optimal geometrical arrangement of the cooler with limited volume occupancy, reduced air pressure drop, and weight as well as optimal thermal performance compared to standard heat-sink technology. The 90°-shape refers to the mutual arrangement of the evaporator body and the condenser; which are in a horizontal and vertical position, respectively. The evaporator cools three power modules with a total power loss between 500 and 1500 W. Experimental results are presented for inlet air temperatures ranging from 20 to 50 °C and for different air volume flow rates between 200 and 400 m3/h. The working fluid is refrigerant R245fa. The maximum thermal resistance (cooler base to air) attained values between 40 and 50 K/kW.
Social behavior model for human-machine collaboration systems (2006)

Abstract:- Recently, human-machine collaboration systems are increasing their importance more than ever because machine evolution continues and the importance of human-centered design is increasing. In this paper, social and intelligent agents are employed to develop the human-machine collaboration system. In order to draw out the effectiveness and efficiency of such the system, the agents should behave consistently, context-dependently, and socially toward human. The proposed approach here for realizing such the agents is embedding mind model in the agents. The relationship between mind model, personality, and social behavior of the agents is studied with using the implementations of a primitive system and an e-learning application. Key-Words:- human-machine collaboration system, mind model, personality, social behavior, e-learning 1
Role of brain renin angiotensin system in neurodegeneration: An update (2020)

Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system widely known for its physiological roles in electrolyte homeostasis, body fluid volume regulation and cardiovascular control in peripheral circulation. However, brain RAS is an independent form of RAS expressed locally in the brain, which is known to be involved in brain functions and disorders. There is strong evidence for a major involvement of excessive brain angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT-1R) axis in increased activation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuroinflammation causing neurodegeneration in several brain disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated strong neuroprotective effects by blocking AT1R in these brain disorders. Additionally, the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Angiotensin (1–7)/Mas receptor (MASR), is another axis of brain RAS which counteracts the damaging effects of ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis on neurons in the brain. Thus, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and activation of ACE2/Angiotensin (1–7)/MASR axis may serve as an exciting and novel method for neuroprotection in several neurodegenerative diseases. Here in this review article, we discuss the expression of RAS in the brain and highlight how altered RAS level may cause neurodegeneration. Understanding the pathophysiology of RAS and their links to neurodegeneration has enormous potential to identify potentially effective pharmacological tools to treat neurodegenerative diseases in the brain.
Eye movements and hazard perception in police pursuit and emergency response driving. (2003)

How do police cope with the visual demands placed on them during pursuit driving? This study compared the hazard ratings, eye movements, and physiological responses of police drivers with novice and with age-matched control drivers while viewing video clips of driving taken from police vehicles. The clips included pursuits, emergency responses, and control drives. Although police drivers did not report more hazards than the other participants reported, they had an increased frequency of electrodermal responses while viewing dangerous clips and a greater visual sampling rate and spread of search. However, despite an overall police advantage in oculomotor and physiological measures, all drivers had a reduced spread of search in nighttime pursuits because of the focusing of overt attention.
Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2008)

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) Methods 35 patients with GIST in Wuxi Second hospital from 1998 to 2005 were retrospectively analyed. Results Stomach was the most frequent site for GIST. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. Before operation,74.2%(26/35) of the cases were misdiagnosed. All of the cases underwent surgical resections.10 recurrent GIST patients received a second resection and 8 patients underwent three resections. Follow-up was made from 6 months to 5 years,and 8 patients died. ConclusionsThe diagnosis of GIST is difficult,because of the lack of clinical feature. Diagnosis should be based on pathology. The main choice of treatment is operation. Re-operation can prolong the life of the patient in recurrent and metastasis cases.
CD4-independent, CCR5-dependent infection of brain capillary endothelial cells by a neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus strain (1997)

Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) are targets of CD4-independent infection by HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains in vitro and in vivo. Infection of BCECs may provide a portal of entry for the virus into the central nervous system and could disrupt blood-brain barrier function, contributing to the development of AIDS dementia. We found that rhesus macaque BCECs express chemokine receptors involved in HIV and SIV entry including CCR5, CCR3, CXCR4, and STRL33, but not CCR2b, GPR1, or GPR15. Infection of BCECs by the neurovirulent strain SIV/17E-Fr was completely inhibited by aminooxypentane regulation upon activation, normal T cell expression and secretion in the presence or absence of ligands, but not by eotaxin or antibodies to CD4. We found that the envelope (env) proteins from SIV/17E-Fr and several additional SIV strains mediated cell-cell fusion and virus infection with CD4-negative, CCR5-positive cells. In contrast, fusion with cells expressing the coreceptors STRL33, GPR1, and GPR15 was CD4-dependent. These results show that CCR5 can serve as a primary receptor for SIV in BCECs and suggest a possible CD4-independent mechanism for blood-brain barrier disruption and viral entry into the central nervous system.
Inhibition of [<sup>3</sup>H]-LSD Binding to 5-HT<sub>7</sub>Receptors by Flavonoids from<i>Scutellaria</i><i>l</i><i>ateriflora</i> (2003)

The hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of dried mad-dog skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) both bound to the 5-HT(7) receptor, with 87.2 +/- 6.2% and 56.7 +/- 1.3% inhibition of [(3)H]-LSD binding to the receptor at 100 microg/mL, respectively. The on-line analysis of a 70% ethanol extract by HPLC-UV/MS resulted in the identification of five flavones (1-5). Fractionation of the ethanol extract resulted in the isolation of three flavone-glucuronides (6-8) and a flavanone-glucuronide (9), including one new compound, lateriflorin (5,6,-dihydroxy-7-glucuronyloxy-2'-methoxyflavone) (8). The structure of 8 was determined by NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and NOESY experiments) and MS analysis. From the results obtained in the testing of the pure compounds, it is evident that the activity on the 5-HT(7) receptor is at least partly due to the presence of flavonoids. Scutellarin and ikonnikoside I showed the highest inhibition of [(3)H]-LSD binding with IC(50) values of 63.4 and 135.1 microM, respectively.
Periodic Polling for Web Cache Consistency (1999)

As the size of proxy cache increases, the lifetime of objects in the cache would increase. If the objects in the cache were to be stored for a long time without checking its validity, the number of stale documents would also increase. The idle network bandwidth can be used for proxy cache consistency maintenance. We propose the selection algorithm that can be used in periodic polling mechanism for the consistency maintenance of proxy cache server.
Review of extended-release niacin/laropiprant fixed combination in the treatment of mixed dyslipidemia and primary hypercholesterolemia (2009)

Although statins reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality further risk reduction is needed. In this respect low HDL-cholesterol concentrations and/or elevated triglyceride concentrations may be potential treatment targets. Niacin (nicotinic acid) is an effective drug which increases the plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and decreases the concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a). Clinical studies indicate that niacin can significantly reduce the risk for cardiovascular events. However, niacin is not very commonly used because of significant side effects (especially flushing). Laropiprant is a potent selective antagonist of PGD2-receptor subtype-1 and can thus reduce niacin-induced flushing. Although the addition of laropiprant will reduce the frequency of flushing, it will not completely eliminate this side effect. Laropiprant does not change the effect of niacin on lipids or other side effects of niacin (ie, gastro-intestinal problems, glucose elevation). The combination of niacin with laropiprant may therefore enable use of niacin at higher doses and therefore exploit the full potential of the drug. Endpoint studies that will be published over the next few years will show whether this treatment modality also translates into clinical effect in patients treated with statins. Until publication of these studies niacin/laropiprant should be used only in high-risk patients not achieving lipid goals on statins.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics. XIV synthesis and activity of 6-O-(3-amino-3-deoxy-.ALPHA.-D-glucopyranosyl)- and 5-O-(.BETA.-D-ribofuranosyl)apramycins. (1981)

6-O-(3-Amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)apramycin (17) was prepared by glycosidation of a suitably blocked 5,6-dihydroxy derivative (11) of apramycin with a blocked 3-aminoglucosyl chloride (15). Ribosylation of the 5-hydroxy-6-O-tetrahydropyranyl (THP) derivative (19) of apramycin gave 5-O-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)apramycin (24) along with the 6 alpha (25) and 6 beta (26) isomers. Similar reaction with the 6-hydroxy-5-O-THP derivative (20) or 11 gave only 25 and 26, but not 24. 17 was at least as active as apramycin against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested and more active than apramycin against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested and more active than apramycin against strains producing aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were generally less sensitive to 17 than to apramycin. 24 was the most active of the three ribofuranosyl derivatives prepared though it was less active than 17.
Reactions of M(N-2,6-i-Pr<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)(CHR)(CH<sub>2</sub>R‘)<sub>2</sub> (M = Mo, W) Complexes with Alcohols To Give Olefin Metathesis Catalysts of the Type M(N-2,6-i-Pr<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)(CHR)(CH<sub>2</sub>R‘)(OR‘ ‘) (2006)

The reaction between M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)2 (M = Mo, W, Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) and various alcohols (1-adamantyl-OH, t-BuOH, ArOH, (CF3)2CHOH, (CF3)2MeCOH, CF3Me2COH, (CF3)3COH, C6F5OH) in pentane or toluene yields either complexes of the type M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OR), through direct addition of ROH across a Mo−C bond, or complexes of the type M(NAr)(CH2-t-Bu)3(OR), through direct addition of ROH across a MoC bond. The trineopentyl species appear to be formed when the alcohol has a relatively low pKa value. The outcome also can depend on whether the alcohol is employed neat or in benzene, and mixtures are observed in some circumstances. The conversion of M(NAr)(CH2-t-Bu)3(OR) into M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OR) was shown to be unimolecular in several examples. Preliminary experiments have shown that M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OR) complexes are surprisingly active catalysts for various metathesis reactions, although conversion is sometimes limited by decomposition of intermediate alkylidenes to yield dimeric species that contain MM bonds. In contrast, M(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)2 species are virtually inactive for metathesis. X-ray structures are reported for Mo(NAr)(CH2-t-Bu)3(OC6F5), Mo(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)[OSi(O-t-Bu)3], [Mo(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OC6F5)]2, and Mo(NAr)(CH-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OC6F5)(PMe3).
The New Sovereigntists: American Exceptionalism and Its False Prophets (2000)

The streets of Washington, D.C., and Seattle may have been controlled last spring and fall by a new breed of antiglobalization progressives, but the old-fashioned, conservative anti-internationalists continue to hold sway among American policymakers. Although the United States has accepted the North American Free Trade Agreement and participation in the World Trade Organization, it has spurned important multilateral regimes relating to arms control, the environment, war crimes, human rights, and other emerging global issues.
School in the Student's Quality World (1997)

The goal of the resesrch was to study how much school is in the student's quality world. The work was conducted with a random sample of 429 primary school students (from 2 separate classes from each grade level, I to VIII). Comparing results of pupils in the first four grades and those in the higher primary grades (V-VIII), it is possible to claim that in the beginning, school is in the student's quality world, but the significance of school gradually weakens. The things that remain longer in the students' quality world are: teachers (the first four grades), teacher advisors (during the higher gradesalthough not all the time), expert advisors, and peers (until the end of education). Study situations, examinations, and evaluations are gradually lost from quality world, but class trips, breajs, group work, and extra-curricular activities remain longer.
Direction biased handoff algorithms for urban microcells (2002)

A novel class of direction biased handoff algorithms are proposed for improving the handoff performance in urban microcells. Multi-cell urban microcell handoff properties are derived for a cell layout with base stations at every other intersection. The direction biased handoff algorithms are shown to improve cell membership properties and handoff performance by lowering the mean number of handoffs while simultaneously reducing the handoff delay. A direction estimation technique based on the signal strength history is shown to provide improved handoff performance, especially for line of sight handoffs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transforming growth factor-beta induction of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor. Pericellular deposition and sensitivity to exogenous urokinase. (1987)

The human tumor cell line HT-1080 was used as a model system to study the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) on polypeptide synthesis and proteolytic activity of malignant cells. Confluent cultures were exposed to TGF beta under serum-free conditions, and alterations in the production of proteins were examined by metabolic labeling and polypeptide analysis. TGF beta induced the synthesis and secretion of the Mr 47,000 endothelial type plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) as shown by reverse zymography, immunblotting, and immunoprecipitation analyses. TGF beta-induced PAI-1 was rapidly deposited in the growth substratum of the cells as shown by metabolic labeling and extraction of the cultures with sodium deoxycholate. Using pulse-chase experiments, we found a relatively fast turnover of substratum-associated PAI-1. Exogenously added urokinase released PAI-1 from the substratum even in the presence of the plasmin inhibitor aprotinin, suggesting a direct effect of urokinase. Immunoreactive complexes of higher molecular weight were subsequently detected in the medium. Epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin did not elicit similar effects on the amount of PAI-1. TGF beta also inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of HT-1080 cells at the same concentrations at which it induced PAI-1. These results indicate that TGF beta can modulate the extracellular proteolytic activity of cultured cells by enhancing the secretion and deposition of PAI-1 into their microenvironment. It remains to be established whether TGF beta inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of these cells is associated with the induction of PAI-1.
Understanding quantum confinement in nanowires: basics, applications and possible laws (2014)

A comprehensive investigation of quantum confinement in nanowires has been carried out. Though applied to silicon nanowires (SiNWs), it is general and applicable to all nanowires. Fundamentals and applications of quantum confinement in nanowires and possible laws obeyed by these nanowires, have been investigated. These laws may serve as backbones of nanowire science and technology. The relationship between energy band gap and nanowire diameter has been studied. This relationship appears to be universal. A thorough review indicates that the first principles results for quantum confinement vary widely. The possible cause of this variation has been examined. Surface passivation and surface reconstruction of nanowires have been elucidated. It has been found that quantum confinement owes its origin to surface strain resulting from surface passivation and surface reconstruction and hence thin nanowires may actually be crystalline-core/amorphous-shell (c-Si/a-Si) nanowires. Experimental data available in the literature corroborate with the suggestion. The study also reveals an intrinsic relationship between quantum confinement and the surface amorphicity of nanowires. It demonstrates that surface amorphicity may be an important tool to investigate the electronic, optoelectronic and sensorial properties of quantum-confined nanowires.
Another year over (2015)

Another year over .Welcome to the last issue of 2015.It has been another eventful year in South Asia in general and in midwifery and maternity care in particular.Nepal experienced the impact of a major earthquake with aftershocks in the spring.We saw a very responsive MIDSON (Midwifery Society of Nepal) offering Humanitarian Reproductive Health Outreach Clinics in several earthquake-affected areas.MeanwhileAfghanistan reported a major improvement in its maternal mortality statistics.In 2002, 1,600 women died for every 100,000 live births.In 2010, a US-funded study found that the maternal mortality rate had dropped to 327 per 100,000 live births.This reported improvement has been challenged by maternal health experts.The New York Times reporting on the issue quoted Bournemouth University's Rachel Arnold as saying "The reported mortality ratio is too good to be true."Rachel is a British midwife who recently completed her doctorate in maternal care.She has worked in Afghanistan frequently over the past 17 years, training Afghan midwives and traditional birth attendants.She added: "I wish it were true, but I can't believe that it is true."[1].This year three midwifery meetings took place: the first one in Bangkok, the second in Bangladesh and the third in Indonesia.In Bangkok participants from Asian countries decided that the South Asian Midwives Alliance (SAMA) should be expanded to cover more than South Asia, therefore the new name of the alliance Midwives Alliance of Asia (MAA) was accepted.The MAA board was formed and its constitution has been