gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Debugging the data plane with anteater (2011)

Diagnosing problems in networks is a time-consuming and error-prone process. Existing tools to assist operators primarily focus on analyzing control plane configuration. Configuration analysis is limited in that it cannot find bugs in router software, and is harder to generalize across protocols since it must model complex configuration languages and dynamic protocol behavior. This paper studies an alternate approach: diagnosing problems through static analysis of the data plane. This approach can catch bugs that are invisible at the level of configuration files, and simplifies unified analysis of a network across many protocols and implementations. We present Anteater, a tool for checking invariants in the data plane. Anteater translates high-level network invariants into boolean satisfiability problems (SAT), checks them against network state using a SAT solver, and reports counterexamples if violations have been found. Applied to a large university network, Anteater revealed 23 bugs, including forwarding loops and stale ACL rules, with only five false positives. Nine of these faults are being fixed by campus network operators.
Proportional Fair-Based Joint Optimization of Cell Association and Inter-Cell Interference Coordination for Heterogeneous Networks (2014)

This paper proposes a proportional fair-based joint optimization method for cell association and the bandwidth ratio of protected radio resources exclusively used by pico base stations (BSs) for inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) in heterogeneous networks where low transmission-power pico BSs overlay onto a high transmission-power macro BS. The proposed method employs an iterative algorithm, in which the cell association for a given bandwidth ratio of protected radio resources and the bandwidth ratio control of protected radio resources for a given cell association are alternately repeated for convergence. For cell association, we use our previously reported decentralized iterative cell association method based on the feedback information of each individual user assisted by a small amount of broadcast information from the respective BSs. Based on numerical results, we show that the proposed method adaptively achieves optimal cell association and bandwidth ratio control of protected radio resources, which maximizes the geometric mean user throughput within the macrocell coverage area. The system throughput for the proposed method is compared to that for conventional approaches to show the performance gain.
Fabrication and Characterization of Low-Threshold Polarization-Stable VCSELs for Cs-Based Miniaturized Atomic Clocks (2013)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with single-mode, single-polarization emission at a wavelength of 894.6 nm have been fabricated for Cs-based atomic clock applications. For polarization control, monolithically integrated surface gratings are employed. Simulated and experimental results show that the longitudinal position of the surface grating has a significant influence on the threshold current. With a grating in the topmost in-phase layer, the threshold currents are reduced to 40% compared to earlier atomic clock grating VCSELs with inverted structure. The output polarization is parallel to the grating lines with a peak-to-peak difference between the dominant and the suppressed polarization modes of 25 dB even at substrate temperatures up to 80 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C. Small-signal modulation characteristics of grating VCSELs are presented. The modulation bandwidth exceeds the required 5 GHz at a bias current of only 0.9 mA above threshold at room temperature. A revised chip design with smaller mesa size and thinner passivation layer has been implemented. The VCSELs show similar electrical parasitic bandwidths but require fewer fabrication steps and hence have reduced processing complexity. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> -factors of less than 0.4 ns corresponding to a maximum 3-dB bandwidth exceeding 25 GHz are obtained at 80 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C ambient temperature.
Application of a Hybrid Model Based on a Convolutional Auto-Encoder and Convolutional Neural Network in Object-Oriented Remote Sensing Classification (2018)

Variation in the format and classification requirements for remote sensing data makes establishing a standard remote sensing sample dataset difficult. As a result, few remote sensing deep neural network models have been widely accepted. We propose a hybrid deep neural network model based on a convolutional auto-encoder and a complementary convolutional neural network to solve this problem. The convolutional auto-encoder supports feature extraction and data dimension reduction of remote sensing data. The extracted features are input into the convolutional neural network and subsequently classified. Experimental results show that in the proposed model, the classification accuracy increases from 0.916 to 0.944, compared to a traditional convolutional neural network model; furthermore, the number of training runs is reduced from 40,000 to 22,000, and the number of labelled samples can be reduced by more than half, all while ensuring a classification accuracy of no less than 0.9, which suggests the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Protein Secondary Structures (2007)

Infrared spectroscopy is one of the oldest and well established experimental techniques for the analysis of secondary structure of polypeptides and proteins. It is convenient, non-destructive, requires less sample preparation, and can be used under a wide variety of conditions. This review introduces the recent developments in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique and its applications to protein structural studies. The experimental skills, data analysis, and correlations between the FTIR spectroscopic bands and protein secondary structure components are discussed. The applications of FTIR to the secondary structure analysis, conformational changes, structural dynamics and stability studies of proteins are also discussed.
Producciones de sentido de la prensa escrita local sobre la pobreza en Catamarca (2010)

Este articulo intenta dar cuenta las producciones de sentido generadas por la prensa escrita, sobre la pobreza en Catamarca. El trabajo no aborda la pobreza como fenomeno social sino como objeto discursivo. Se parte del supuesto de que los medios constituyen el sitio de residencia y operacion de logicas de sentido, teniendo en cuenta que la construccion de la noticia se presenta como un camino de indagacion si se trata de reconocer la semiotica que opera en la construccion del discurso periodistico, en torno a la visibilidad de pobreza en la escena publica-societal, en tanto, esta avisa de la presencia del conflicto politico en Catamarca.
Wait-Free Handshaking Using Rainbow Colouring (2000)

The construction of shared data objects is a fundamental issue in asynchronous concurrent systems, since these objects provide the means for communication and synchronization between processes. Constructions which guarantee that concurrent access to the shared object by processes is free from waiting are of particular interest, since they help to increase the amount of parallelism and to provide fault-tolerance. The problem of constructing a $k$-valued wait-free shared register out of binary subregisters of the same type, where each write access consists of one subwrite (constructions with one-write) is important, since it lies at the heart of studying lower bounds of the complexities of register constructions and trade-offs between them. The first such construction was for the safe register case; it uses $k$ binary safe registers and exploits the properties of a rainbow colouring function of a hypercube graph. The best known construction for the regular (atomic) case uses ${k \choose 2}$ binary regular (resp. atomic) registers, while if the one-write requirement is lifted, there exists a construction that uses $4 (\log k+1)$ binary registers. Here we show how rainbow colouring can be extended to simulate handshaking between the reader and the writer of the register, thus offering a wait-free solution for the atomic case with one reader, using only $3k-2$ binary registers. The best known lower bound for such a construction is $k-1$.
Diffusion and mass transfer in supercritical fluids (1986)

Abstract The different behavior of fluid density and viscosity in going from the dilute gas to the dense fluid state gives rise to kinematic viscosities which, in the near supercritical region, are lower than for liquid metals. As a consequence, the relative importance of natural convection (as measured by the ratio of buyoant to inertial forces) is two orders of magnitude higher in a supercritical fluid (at constant Reynolds number) than in normal liquids. Binary diffusion coefficients of nonvolatile solutes in supercritical fluids were measured with a technique that involved laminar flow and diffusion in a rectangular channel. The solution to this hydrodynamic problem is presented. By varying the inclination of the solute source plane with respect to the horizontal position, apparent diffusion coefficients were measured that were up to six times higher than the “true” coefficients. Experimental binary diffusion coefficients, including published literature data, were analyzed in the light of hydrodynamic (Stokes‐Einstein) theory. The analysis suggests that under the high‐density, low‐viscosity conditions that characterize supercritical fluids, hydrodynamic behavior at the molecular level is approached, and can be used as a basis for data extrapolation.
CO Lasers from Lab to Fab (2016)

Abstract First demonstrated over fifty years ago, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) lasers are similar technologies that took two different paths of development. CO 2 lasers are deployed extensively in a wide range of industrial applications, and their use continues to grow. In contrast, CO lasers were largely restricted to laboratory applications, primarily because it was found to be difficult to produce CO lasers which offered the same high level of reliability and lifetime as CO 2 lasers.
Characterization of bleomycin lung injury by nuclear magnetic resonance: Correlation between NMR relaxation times and lung water and collagen content (2002)

The response of the NMR relaxation times (T(1), CPMG T(2), and Hahn T(2)) to bleomycin-induced lung injury was studied in excised, unperfused rat lungs. NMR, histologic, and biochemical (collagen content measurement) analyses were performed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after intratracheal instillation of saline (control lungs) or 10 U/kg bleomycin sulfate. The control lungs showed no important NMR, water content, histologic, or collagen content changes. The spin-spin relaxation times for the fast and intermediate components of the CPMG decay (T(2f) and T(2i), respectively) increased 1 week after bleomycin injury (acute inflammatory stage) and then progressively decreased during the following 2-8 weeks (i.e., with the development of the chronic, fibrotic stage of the injury). The slow component (T(2s)) showed no significant changes. The response of T(1) and the slow component of the Hahn T(2) was, on the whole, similar to that of CPMG T(2f) and T(2i). T(1) changes were very small. Lung water content increased 1 week after injury. Histologic and biochemical assessment of collagen showed that collagen content was close to control at 1 week, but markedly increased at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. T(1) and T(2) data were directly correlated with lung water content and inversely correlated with collagen content. Our results indicate that NMR relaxation time measurements (particularly T(2)) reflect the structural changes associated with bleomycin injury. The prolonged T(2) relaxation times observed in the acute stage are related to the presence of edema, whereas the subsequent decrease in these values marks the stage of the collagen deposition (fibrotic stage). CPMG-T(2) and Hahn-T(2) measurements can be valuable as a potentially noninvasive method for characterizing bleomycin-induced lung injury and pathologically related lung disorders.
Spatial resolution and depth-of-interaction studies with a PET detector module composed of LSO and an APD array (2002)

Detailed results are given for the study of the spatial resolution obtained with different configurations of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillation crystals read out by a Hamamatsu 2 /spl times/ 8 avalanche photodiode (APD) array. Block detectors as well as small-sized individual LSO crystals have been coupled to the APD matrix. Both one-to-one coupling and light-sharing schemes were investigated. The spatial resolution is derived for each configuration. Two different configurations with two layers of LSO crystals shifted by half a crystal size with respect to each other are used for investigations on the depth-of-interaction information. Prior to the spatial resolution measurements, a comparison of the light output for various crystal surface treatments and different optical coupling materials has been made.
<i>Database Systems</i>: Human Factors in Data Access (1982)

Database users make choices, form queries, and understand output. Good computer systems must accommodate the ways that humans best accomplish such tasks. Here we review relevant facts and principles from experimental studies of human information processing. We discuss known characteristics of human memory, language use, and problem solving, and suggest ways in which such knowledge can be applied to the design of systems that will render better service.
The Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors: A Review (2001)

Atherosclerosis constitutes the most common medical and surgical problem. This can be manifested clinically as stroke, coronary artery disease, or peripheral vascular disease. In the present review the microscopic appearance of the normal arterial wall, the definition of atherosclerosis and the five theories of atherogenesis are described. These are: the lipid theory, the hemodynamic theory, the fibrin incrustation theory, the nonspecific mesenchymal hypothesis and the response to injury hypothesis. Based on the above theories the sequence of events in atherogenesis is analyzed. The classification of the atherosclerotic lesions according to Stary (types I-VI) and their characteristics appear in a table. The epidemiology and the role of the following risk factors are presented in detail: age, sex, lipid abnormalities, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, obesity, and hemostatic factors. In addition, less common genetically determined associations like homocystinuria, Tangier disease, Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (progeria), Werner's syndrome, radiation induced atherosclerosis and the implications of Chlamydia pneumoniae on the arterial wall are discussed.
FKBP12 Modulates Gating of the Ryanodine Receptor/Calcium Release Channel<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in muscle requires the activation of intracellular calcium release channels (CRC). Four type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) molecules form each tetrameric CRC. Each RyR1 contains a binding site for the FK506 binding protein (FKBP12), a cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that is required for coordinated gating of the four RyR1 subunits comprising the channel. When FKBP12 is bound to RyR1, it stabilizes the four subunits that form each CRC. We propose that binding of one FKBP12 to each RyR1 lowers the energy of twisted-amide peptidyl-prolyl bonds and stabilizes RyR1 in a conformation that permits coordinated gating of the four RyR1 subunits.
High-Efficiency Bidirectional DAB Inverter Using a Novel Hybrid Modulation for Stand-Alone Power Generating System With Low Input Voltage (2015)

This paper proposes a high-efficiency bidirectional dual-active-bridge (DAB) inverter using a novel hybrid modulation for a stand-alone power generating system with a low input voltage. The proposed DAB inverter consists of a DAB dc-dc converter and a synchronous rectifier (SR) for unfolding. The DAB dc-dc converter transforms the low dc voltage into a rectified sine wave that pulsates twice the grid frequency. The rectified sine wave unfolds into the grid voltage by SR. The proposed hybrid modulation combines a phase shift control and a variable frequency control. The variable frequency control converts the nonlinear function of the phase shift angle into a linear function and controls the output power. This leads to a simple closed-loop control for the sinusoidal current waveform, a low harmonic distortion, and a high-voltage conversion ratio without an increase of the transformer turn ratio. Since the proposed DAB inverter has only a single power conversion stage, it has a simple structure, high power density, and low cost. It also has a high efficiency of 94.2% by a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) turn on of the switches in two full bridges (FBs). The operation principle of the proposed DAB inverter using this hybrid modulation is analyzed and verified. Experimental results for a 1-kW prototype are obtained to show the performance.
Survivable Differential Delay Aware Multi-Service Over SONET/SDH Networks with Virtual Concatenation (2007)

We propose a model for differential-delay compensation and two approaches for provisioning survivable service on Data-over-SONET/SDH networks with virtual concatenation. Our approaches optimize the resource subject to the constraint of differential-delay compensation.
Collaborative environments of Intelligent Box for distributed 3D graphic applications (2002)

The paper treats a constructive visual software development system for interactive 3D graphic applications. Our system, Intelligent Box represents any objects as reactive 3D visual objects, which are called Boxes that can be manually combined with other Boxes. It provides a uniform framework for the concurrent definition of both geometrical compound structures among Boxes and their mutually interactive functional linkages. It works as a user friendly rapid prototyping software development system. We have introduced a collaborative environment into the Intelligent Box system as a function of a particular Box called a RoomBox for distributed 3D graphic applications. Multiple RoomBoxes on different computers share specific user operation events with each other. Those RoomBoxes virtually provide some users with a shared 3D space. Already developed Boxes work in a shared 3D space without any modifications. Therefore, it is possible to construct distributed 3D graphic applications rapidly and easily by using RoomBoxes. The paper introduces the RoomBox, describes its mechanism and shows a few application examples.
A tile-based parallel Viterbi algorithm for biological sequence alignment on GPU with CUDA (2010)

The Viterbi algorithm is the compute-intensive kernel in Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based sequence alignment applications. In this paper, we investigate extending several parallel methods, such as the wave-front and streaming methods for the Smith-Waterman algorithm, to achieve a significant speed-up on a GPU. The wave-front method can take advantage of the computing power of the GPU but it cannot handle long sequences because of the physical GPU memory limit. On the other hand, the streaming method can process long sequences but with increased overhead due to the increased data transmission between CPU and GPU. To further improve the performance on GPU, we propose a new tile-based parallel algorithm. We take advantage of the homological segments to divide long sequences into many short pieces and each piece pair (tile) can be fully held in the GPU's memory. By reorganizing the computational kernel of the Viterbi algorithm, the basic computing unit can be divided into two parts: independent and dependent parts. All of the independent parts are executed with a balanced load in an optimized coalesced memory-accessing manner, which significantly improves the Viterbi algorithm's performance on GPU. The experimental results show that our new tile-based parallel Viterbi algorithm can outperform the wave-front and the streaming methods. Especially for the long sequence alignment problem, the best performance of tile-based algorithm is on average about an order magnitude faster than the serial Viterbi algorithm.
Hybrid Solution: A FEC Algorithm for Fault Tolerant Routing in Sensor Networks (2006)

We study the characteristics of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and present a lightweight FEC coding algorithm combined with a smart fault tolerant routing scheme in this paper. The proposed coding-decoding algorithm is based on XOR operation and requires very little computation and storage space, which are critical for WSN. There are few existing channel coding algorithms (FEC) put forward for use in sensor networks, and they are not very suitable, due to their high computing, storage and delay cost. Further more, normal FEC coding algorithms are not flexible enough to suit the variable states in WSN. We adopt a cross-layer design wherein higher network layers use information about packet loss to adjust the coding level according to the dynamics of the network. And our routing scheme has the ability to discover and select robust paths to reliably relay data packets. Simulation result shows that our coding algorithm and self-adaptive routing scheme perform better than existing schemes.
P2Y<sub>2</sub> receptor-stimulated release of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> by rat inner medullary collecting duct preparations (2003)

Extracellular nucleotides, acting through the P2Y2 receptor and the associated phosphoinositide-Ca2+ signaling pathway, inhibit AVP-stimulated osmotic water permeability in rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). Because a rise in intracellular Ca2+ is frequently associated with enhanced arachidonic acid metabolism, we examined the effect of activation of the P2Y2 receptor on release of PGE2 in freshly prepared rat IMCD suspensions. Unstimulated IMCD released moderate, but significant, amounts of PGE2, which were more sensitive to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 than COX-1 inhibition. Agonist activation of P2Y2 receptor by adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) enhanced release of PGE2 from IMCD in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Purinergic-stimulated release of PGE2 was completely blocked by nonspecific COX inhibitors (flurbiprofen and 2-acetoxyphenylhept-2-ynyl sulfide). Differential COX inhibition studies revealed that purinergic-stimulated release of PGE2 was more sensitive to a COX-1-specific inhibitor (valeroyl salicylate) than a COX-2-specific inhibitor (NS-398). Thus purinergic stimulation resulted in significantly more release of PGE2 in the presence of COX-2 inhibitor than COX-1 inhibitor. If it is assumed that increased release of PGE2 is related to its increased production, our results suggest that purinergic stimulation of IMCD results in enhanced production and release of PGE2 in a COX-1-dependent fashion. Because PGE2 is known to affect transport of water, salt, and urea in IMCD, interaction of the purinergic system with the prostanoid system in IMCD can modulate handling of water, salt, and urea by IMCD and, thus, may constitute an AVP-independent regulatory mechanism.