gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane cyclopropane fatty acid content is a major factor in acid resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

Cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) formation is a post-synthetic modification of the lipid bilayer that occurs as cultures of Escherichia coli and many other bacteria enter stationary phase. We report the first distinct phenotype for this membrane modification; early stationary phase cultures of strains lacking CFA (as a result of a null mutation in the cfa gene) are abnormally sensitive to killing by a rapid shift from neutral pH to pH 3. This sensitivity to acid shock is dependent on CFA itself because resistance to acid shock is restored to cfa mutant strains by incorporation of CFAs from the growth medium or by introduction of a functional cfa gene on a plasmid. The synthesis of CFA depends in part on the RpoS sigma factor, but the role of RpoS in resistance to acid shock involves additional factors because strains with null mutations in both cfa and rpoS are more sensitive to acid shock than either single mutant strain. Exponential phase cultures of E. coli are much more sensitive to acid shock than stationary phase cultures, but survival is greatly increased if the exponential phase cultures are exposed to moderately acid conditions (pH 5) before shift to pH 3. We show that exposure to moderately acid conditions gives a marked increase in cfa transcription. The efficiency of the survival of acid shock is extremely strain dependent, even among putative wild-type strains. Much, but not all, of this variability can be explained by the partially or totally defective RpoS alleles carried by many strains.
Autonomous Collision Avoidance of flying Vehicles (2007)

[Abstract] We consider stratified ruling permitting different degrees of MIQ with different scores for different application domain licensing, passing Alan Turing test of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with different scores, and ranking a different MIQ. A recent breakthrough of the ultimate intelligence called Natural Intelligence (NI) has elucidated how smart pairs of sensory are processing. This is based on the common observation of animal kingdom that all intelligent brains operate at isothermal equilibrium (man ~37C; chicken ~40C), and all intelligent animals adopt a power of pairs of input 5 sensors (eyes, ears, smells, tastes, tactile) without evolutional exception. This theorem has solved the dual usages of unsupervised ATR by means of multiple-spectral remote imaging, and early breast cancer detection in close-up multi-spectral imaging. We will further support power of pair’s sensors for the input to the autopilot controls system among a team of mini-UAS for the reliable autonomous collision avoidance among themselves and with other jumbo aircraft coming above and behind their ways. Since we have designed a team of UAVs, more than 4, equipped with L-band cellular phone transceivers each can accomplish in principle collectively interferometer Synthetic Aperture Radar, we are looking how to control command a team of closely flying UAVs for the reason of coherence. We follow the perturbation to the equilibrium theory of Nash cooperative gaming theory to formulate explicitly the aerodynamic interaction forces: drag, lift, turbulent vortices, among team of UAVs, in order to modify auto-pilot to avoid collision among neighbors. Since military applications of mini-UAS have been demonstrated to be beneficial in the warfighting capability, ONR is seeking help driving the cost down by the transition of military know-how to command, control, communication, and collision avoidance. Thus, we support risk reduction dual usage efforts.
Performance evaluation of a soft x-ray quadruple reflection circular polarizer (1995)

We built a quadruple reflection polarizer which can be used in the energy range hν=8–130 eV to convert linearly polarized synchrotron radiation into circularly polarized light of either left or right handedness. The design permits independent adjustment of the angle of reflection θ as well as the angle of rotation α along the light axis. These adjustments allow us to operate the polarizer at any given energy in a mode where either the degree of circular polarization Pcirc or the figure of merit TP2circ is maximized. We tested the optical performance and phase shifting properties of a prototype polarizer using a bending magnet beamline. The data verify our model calculations of the conversion efficiency and the optimum operating parameters to maintain the highest degree of circular polarization.
DiscoveryLink: A system for integrated access to life sciences data sources (2001)

Vast amounts of life sciences data reside today in specialized data sources, with specialized query processing capabilities. Data from one source often must be combined with data from other sources to give users the information they desire. There are database middleware systems that extract data from multiple sources in response to a single query. IBM's DiscoveryLink is one such system, targeted to applications from the life sciences industry. DiscoveryLink provides users with a virtual database to which they can pose arbitrarily complex queries, even though the actual data needed to answer the query may originate from several different sources, and none of those sources, by itself, is capable of answering the query. We describe the DiscoveryLink offering, focusing on two key elements, the wrapper architecture and the query optimizer, and illustrate how it can be used to integrate the access to life sciences data from heterogeneous data sources.
DAVID-WS: a stateful web service to facilitate gene/protein list analysis (2012)

The web service and sample clients (written in Java, Perl, Python and Matlab) are made freely available under the DAVID License at http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/content.jsp?file=WS.html.
In-vivo noninvasive glucose monitoring with optical heterodyne polarimetry in a range of 50 mg/dl to 100 mg/dl (2000)

An amplitude sensitive optical heterodyne polarimeter was setup in order to monitor noninvasively the aqueous glucose concentration in rabbit's eye. A range of the blood glucose from 35 mg/dl to 135 mg/dl was measured in vivo by biological glucose assay (BGA), while the optional rotation of the aqueous glucose was measured by a polarimeter simultaneously. The experimental results showed the consistence between these two independent measurements. There was no time delay between the blood glucose and the aqueous glucose when the blood glucose was descending after the insulin was injected. It was in contract to a 10 minutes time delay when the blood glucose was ascending. The detection sensitivity of the polarimeter was 4 mg/dl in the measurement.
Fabrication and testing of integrated ferroelectric capacitors [non-volatile memories] (2002)

Ferroelectric thin film can be used to fabricate non-volatile memories (FRAM). FRAM based on ferroelectric polarization has a much superior performance compared with that of EEPROM. The key technology of making FRAM is to form integrated ferroelectric thin film capacitors of good quality. One practical approach of forming integrated ferroelectric capacitors on CMOS circuits is described.
Superplumes from the deep mantle (1992)

A new and dramatic interpretation of mantle convection is emerging from the record of massive volcanic eruptions that have occurred episodically throughout Earth's history. The most recent volcanic outburst began suddenly at about 125 million years ago and continued for at least 60 million years, spanning much of the Cretaceous period. According to a recently completed study, the rate of ocean crust production during that burst was approximately twice what it is today [Larson, 1991). Much of this activity appears to have been produced by the melting of one, or perhaps several, massive thermal plumes that rose from the deep mantle beneath the Pacific and Indian plates. Cretaceous age continental flood basalts such as the Deccan Traps in India fit this picture nicely. Several large ocean plateaus such as Ontong‐Java in the southwest Pacific and Kerguelen in the south Indian Ocean date from this period, and were probably formed in a similar way. These plateaus consist of 20‐50 million cubic kilometers of plume‐derived basaltic crust.
Successful Treatment of Lung Calciphylaxis With Sodium Thiosulfate in a Patient With Sickle Cell Disease (2016)

Calciphylaxis is a small vessel vasculopathy, characterized by medial wall calcification that develops in a few patients with chronic renal failure. The prognosis of skin calciphylaxis has improved considerably since the introduction of sodium thiosulfate (STS), but it remains unclear whether this therapy is effective against organ lesions related to calciphylaxis. Pulmonary calciphylaxis is a usually fatal medical condition that may occur in association with skin involvement in patients with end-stage renal disease.We report here the case of a 49-year-old woman homozygous sickle cell disease patient on chronic hemodialysis with biopsy-proven systemic calciphylaxis involving the lungs and skin. On admission, ulcerative skin lesions on the lower limbs and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest computerized tomography scan were the main clinical and radiological findings. Skin and bronchial biopsies demonstrated calciphylaxis lesions. The intravenous administration of STS in association with cinacalcet for 8 consecutive months led to a clear improvement in skin lesions and thoracic lesions on chest computerized tomography scan.This case suggests for the first time that organ lesions related to calciphylaxis, and particularly lung injury, are potentially reversible. This improvement probably resulted from the combination of 3 interventions (more frequent dialysis, cinacalcet, and STS), rather than the administration of STS alone.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 21/2010 (2010)

Cover: The image shows the structure, supramolecular packing, and thin-film transistor performance of new poly'2,6-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)benzo'1,2-b;4,5-b0'-diselenophene' compounds. Further details can be found in the article by M. A. M. Leenen, F. Vian, F. Cucinotta, W. Pisula, H. Thiem,* R. Anselmann, and L. D. Cola on page 2286.
A Study of Drop-Size Distribution in Precipitation Cloud from Wind Profile Radar (2008)

Author retrieves the raindrop size distribution in precipitation, by separating two distinct return signals from clear-air and from precipitation, based on the return signal spectrum density derived from the wind profile radar, and on the relationship between the terminal velocity and the diameter of descending raindrops. Further retrieval of precipitating cloud data at different heights has resulted in the raindrop size distribution indicating a basic match with the distribution of M-P distribution. The reflectivity value derived from wind profile radar is in agreement with that from Doppler weather radar. Calculating the water content in the clouds at different heights through a raindrop size distribution reveals that is close to the water content observed by the Weather Doppler Radar.
Spatial refractive index sensor using whispering gallery modes in an optically trapped microsphere (2007)

The authors propose the use of an optically trapped, dye doped polystyrene microsphere for spatial probing of the refractive index at any position in a fluid. Using the dye embedded in the microsphere as an internal broadband excitation source the authors eliminated the need for a tunable excitation source. They measured the full width at half maximum and frequency spacing of the transverse electric and transverse magnetic resonances as a function of the refractive index of the immersion fluid. The authors achieved a sensitivity of 5×10−4 in refractive index, even when the exact size of the microsphere was not known.
Maximal Cliques in Unit Disk Graphs: Polynomial Approximation (2006)

Men universally express a preference for youth in a long-term mate, presumably an evolved desire originating from the close and recurrent statistical association between a woman's age and her residual reproductive value (future reproductive potential). As a consequence, we hypothesized a positive correlation for men (but not women) between the number of children desired and preferred spousal age difference - a context-specific shift in mate preference depending on whether the man is pursuing a "quality" or "quantity" reproductive strategy. We tested this hypothesis with data provided by 9809 participants from 37 cultures located in six continents and five islands. Between-culture analyses confirmed the hypothesis, even after statistically controlling for preferred age at first marriage, current age of participant, and current marital status. Discussion notes limitations and focuses on other possible context-sensitive shifts in mate preferences.
Minireview: Peptide Analogs and Short Sequence Oligopeptides as Modulators of Skin Pigmentation (2014)

Short sequence amino acids or oligopeptides have recently garnered attention for use as treatments for a myriad of dermatologic disorders due to their ability to effect and modulate various biological processes in the epidermis and dermis, rendering them promising candidates as medical and cosmeceutical therapeutics. Major advantages include their relative ease of synthesis and multitude of modifications that can be applied to enhance potency, affinity, specificity, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity and cytotoxicity. Given the photoprotective effects of eumelanin on skin, there has been substantial interest in developing agents, particularly α-MSH analogs, that can induce 'sunless tanning' helping reduce risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. In this mini review, we present some of the recent and leading peptide modulators of melanogenesis with relevant clinical data and medical indications. Short sequence oligopeptides with tyrosinase inhibitory activity that can significantly reduce hyperpigmentation, as well α-MSH analogs that can enhance eumelanogenesis, are currently being clinically tested for treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria, polymorphous light eruption, solar urticaria, actinic keratosis, and "sunless tanning". Success in developing such products can help reduce the incidence of skin cancer, one that surpasses that of all other human cancers combined.
55th Venice Biennale: The encylopedic palace (2013)

Review(s) of: 55th Venice Biennale: The encylopedic palace, by Curator: Massimiliano Gioni, 1 June - 24 November 2013.
2,3‐Dichlor‐ und 2,3,7‐Trichlor‐5‐aza‐chinoxalin (1970)

Abstract 2,3‐Dichlor‐5‐aza‐chinoxalin ( 2 ) wurde durch Erhitzen von 2,3‐Dihydroxy‐5‐aza‐chinoxalin ( 1 ) mit Phosphoroxychlorid dargestellt. Bei der Umsetzung von 2 mit äthanolischer Kaliumhydroxid‐Lösung entstand 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐äthoxy‐5‐aza‐chinoxalin ( 3 ). Die Darstellung von 2,3,7‐Trichlor‐5‐aza‐chinoxalin ( 6 ) gelang einmal durch Schmelzen von 1 mit Phosphorpentachlorid bei 170°, zum anderen durch Kondensation von 5‐Chlor‐2,3‐diaminopyridin ( 4 ) mit Oxalsäureäthylester. Aus 6 wurde bei Einwirkung von äthanolischer Kaliumhydroxid‐Lösung 7‐Chlor‐2,3‐diäthoxy‐5‐aza‐chinoxalin ( 7 ) erhalten.
Direct Hyperpolarization of Nitrogen-15 in Aqueous Media with Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange (2017)

Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is an inexpensive, fast, and even continuous hyperpolarization technique that uses para-hydrogen as hyperpolarization source. However, current SABRE faces a number of stumbling blocks for translation to biochemical and clinical settings. Difficulties include inefficient polarization in water, relatively short-lived <sup>1</sup>H-polarization, and relatively limited substrate scope. Here we use a water-soluble polarization transfer catalyst to hyperpolarize nitrogen-15 in a variety of molecules with SABRE-SHEATH (SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei). This strategy works in pure H<sub>2</sub>O or D<sub>2</sub>O solutions, on substrates that could not be hyperpolarized in traditional <sup>1</sup>H-SABRE experiments, and we record <sup>15</sup>N T<sub>1</sub> relaxation times of up to 2 min.
The mechanism of the oxidation of glucose by periodate (1948)

G. Hughes and T. P. Nevell, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1948, 44, 941 DOI: 10.1039/TF9484400941
Hydroxamate derivatives of substrate‐analogous peptides containing aminomalonic acid are potent inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Novel peptides containing the sequence -Pro-Leu-Ama(NHOH)- were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Their inhibitory properties towards the activated form of native human gelatinase B (MMP-9) and the catalytic domain of neutrophil collagenase (cdMMP-8) were determined. The most effective inhibitor synthesized exhibits Ki values of 2 x 10(-6) M (cdMMP-8) and 5 x 10(-9) M (MMP-9) thus attaining interesting discrimination between the tested metalloproteinases. A most important feature of this type of inhibitor is its peptide nature making the compounds similar to natural substrates. In spite of the peptide character of the inhibitors synthesized, the P1-P1'-peptide bond shows a high resistance to cleavage by the proteinases.
Novel Synthetic Inhibitors of Selectin-Mediated Cell Adhesion:  Synthesis of 1,6-Bis[3-(3-carboxymethylphenyl)-4-(2-α-<scp>d</scp>-mannopyranosyloxy)phenyl]hexane (TBC1269) (1998)

Reports of a high-affinity ligand for E-selectin, sialyl di-Lewis(x) (sLe(x)Le(x), 1), motivated us to incorporate modifications to previously reported biphenyl-based inhibitors that would provide additional interactions with the protein. These compounds were assayed for the ability to inhibit the binding of sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x), 2) bearing HL-60 cells to E-, P-, and L-selectin fusion proteins. We report that dimeric or trimeric compounds containing multiple components of simple nonoligosaccharide selectin antagonists inhibit sLe(x)-dependent binding with significantly enhanced potency over the monomeric compound. The enhanced potency is consistent with additional binding interactions within a single selectin lectin domain; however, multivalent interaction with multiple lectin domains as a possible alternative cannot be ruled out. Compound 15e (TBC1269) showed optimal in vitro activity from this class of antagonists and is currently under development for use in the treatment of asthma.
Protection against β-amyloid-induced synaptic and memory impairments via altering β-amyloid assembly by bis(heptyl)-cognitin (2015)

β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers have been closely implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found, for the first time, that bis(heptyl)-cognitin, a novel dimeric acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor derived from tacrine, prevented Aβ oligomers-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) at concentrations that did not interfere with normal LTP. Bis(heptyl)-cognitin also prevented Aβ oligomers-induced synaptotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons. In contrast, tacrine and donepezil, typical AChE inhibitors, could not prevent synaptic impairments in these models, indicating that the modification of Aβ oligomers toxicity by bis(heptyl)-cognitin might be attributed to a mechanism other than AChE inhibition. Studies by using dot blotting, immunoblotting, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have shown that bis(heptyl)-cognitin altered Aβ assembly via directly inhibiting Aβ oligomers formation and reducing the amount of preformed Aβ oligomers. Molecular docking analysis further suggested that bis(heptyl)-cognitin presumably interacted with the hydrophobic pockets of Aβ, which confers stabilizing powers and assembly alteration effects on Aβ. Most importantly, bis(heptyl)-cognitin significantly reduced cognitive impairments induced by intra-hippocampal infusion of Aβ oligomers in mice. These results clearly demonstrated how dimeric agents prevent Aβ oligomers-induced synaptic and memory impairments, and offered a strong support for the beneficial therapeutic effects of bis(heptyl)-cognitin in the treatment of AD.
Monochromatic Aberrations as a Function of Age, from Childhood to Advanced Age (2003)

Aberrations of the whole eye were objectively measured from early childhood to an advanced age, and the relationship between monochromatic aberrations and age has been shown to fit a quadratic model. The results suggest that the definition of emmetropization should be broadened to include the reduction of higher order aberrations.
Transdermal and Buccal Delivery of Methylxanthines Through Human Tissue In Vitro (2007)

We examined the in vitro permeation of central nervous stimulants - caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine across human skin with the aid of six chemical enhancers. It was found that oleic acid was the most potent enhancer for all three methylxanthines. Further optimization studies with different solvents showed that caffeine transport could be enhanced to give flux values up to 585 microg/cm2.hr-1. Theobromine and theophylline delivery rates proved insufficient. An additional study involving a buccal tissue equivalent showed that this membrane was more permeable than skin for all model actives tested and would offer an alternate way of delivery.
A parametric numerical study of mixing in a cylindrical duct (1992)

The interaction is described of some of the important parameters affecting the mixing process in a quick mixing region of a rich burn/quick mix/lean burn (RQL) combustor. The performance of the quick mixing region is significantly affected by the geometric designs of both the mixing domain and the jet inlet orifices. Several of the important geometric parameters and operating conditions affecting the mixing process were analytically studied. Parameters such as jet-to-mainstream momentum flux ratio (J), mass flow ratio (MR), orifice geometry, orifice orientation, and number of orifices/row (equally spaced) around the circumferential direction were analyzed. Three different sets of orifice shapes were studied: (1) square, (2) elongated slots, and (3) equilateral triangles. Based on the analytical results, the best mixing configuration depends significantly on the penetration depth of the jet to prevent the hot mainstream flow from being entrained behind the orifice. The structure in a circular mixing section is highly weighted toward the outer wall and any mixing structure affecting this area significantly affects the overall results. The increase in the number of orifices per row increases the mixing at higher J conditions. Higher slot slant angles and aspect ratios are generally the best mixing configurations at higher momentum flux ratio (J) conditions. However, the square and triangular shaped orifices were more effective mixing configurations at lower J conditions.
WATER VAPOR PERMEABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN COMPOSITE FILMS (2004)

Chitosan films or membranes can be obtained by casting chitosan solutions in acetic acid at 1 % w/v concentration at room temperature. The films set were elaborated from 2% chitosan solutions mixed with three plasticizers (polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG), sorbitol and glycerol) and two surfactants (Tween 60 and Tween 80) at two concentrations. The goal was to decrease the water vapor permeability and to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan films. The effects of plasticizers (PEG, sorbitol and glycerol) and emulsifiers (Tween 60 and Tween 80) at two concentrations from chitosan solution on water vapor permeability and mechanical properties of cast films were evaluated. Water vapor permeability ranged from 3.64 to 6.56 g mm / h m2 KPa., tension force from 7.23 to 48.3 MPa and elongation percentage from 22.9 to 167.02 were obtained. Chitosan two percent with 0.3 % Tween 80 produces films that showed the lowest permeability value. Chitosan with 0.6 % glycerol has the highest percentaje of elongation, being 4.5 times higher than chitosan films. Chitosan with 0.6% Tween 80 improved the hydrophobicity of the chitosan film in 1.14 times. The highest value for tension force was found for chitosan with 0.6 % of Tween 60. These values are similar to some polymers based on mineral oil