gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide Inhibitors of Flavivirus Entry Derived from the E Protein Stem (2010)

Peptides derived from the "stem" of dengue virus (DV) type 2 (DV2) envelope (E) protein inhibit DV2 infectivity, targeting a late-stage fusion intermediate. We show here that stem peptides from all DV serotypes cross-inhibit DV1 to DV4 but that corresponding peptides derived from related flaviviruses do not. This failure to inhibit infection is not due to poor interaction with the E protein but rather to loss of association with the virion membrane. Residues 442 to 444 of the stem are determinants of inhibition; increasing hydrophobicity in this region increases inhibitory strength. These results support a two-step model of how stem-derived peptides inhibit viral entry.
AUTOMATIC SMOOTHING FOR DISCONTINUOUS REGRESSION FUNCTIONS (2002)

This article proposes an automatic smoothing method for recovering discontinuous regression functions. The method models the target regression function with a series of disconnected cubic regression splines which partition the function&apos;s domain. In this way discontinuity points can be incorporated in a fitted curve simply as the boundary points between adjacent splines. Three objective criteria are constructed and compared for choosing the number and placement of these discontinuity points as well as the amount of smoothing. These criteria are derived from three fundamentally different model selection methods: AIC, GCV and the MDL principle. Practical optimization of these criteria is done by genetic algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to many existing smoothing methods when the target function is non--smooth. The method is further made robust by using a Gaussian mixture approach to model outliers.
Current proteomic analysis and post-translational modifications of biomarkers in human lung cancer materials. (2009)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is often diagnosed in the advanced or late stages. The discovery of candidate biomarkers in human lung cancer materials holds clinical potential as well as a significant challenge. Due to a large number of proteins in human materials that form the protein complexity and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, proteomic analysis of lung cancer biomarkers remains a difficult task. Many proteomic approaches have been used to investigate the biomarkers in human lung cancer materials. In this review, we summarize the current proteomic approaches employed for analysis of proteome profiles in human lung cancer materials and some PTMs causing different proteome profiles and expression levels of biomarkers in lung cancer. In addition, bioinformatic tools for PTMs are useful for prediction of glycosylation and phosphorylation sites in proteins, which can help us further understand the correlation of PTMs and tumor development. However, it is necessary that proteome analysis of lung cancer materials be incorporated with new strategies and technologies to improve the efficiency of the analysis and to investigate novel biomarkers that would be very useful for further diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Ion electrode based enzymic analysis of creatinine (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon electrode based enzymic analysis of creatinineHuvin. Thompson and G. A. RechnitzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 2, 246–249Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60338a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60338a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma hyorhinis vaccine in pigs (2017)

Lameness and polyserositis in pigs caused by Mycoplasma hyorhinis are generally treated with antibiotics and may require multiple doses. The costs of these antibiotics combined with economic losses from culling and reduced feed conversion due to lameness are hardships to the swine producer. In this study we have demonstrated efficacy of an inactivated M. hyorhinis vaccine administered to three-week old caesarian-derived colostrum-deprived piglets. Three doses of vaccine (high, medium, and low) were evaluated and compared to a placebo control. Mycoplasma hyorhinis challenge occurred three weeks after vaccination. Pigs were observed for lameness and respiratory distress for three weeks following challenge. Pigs were then euthanized and a gross pathological evaluation for polyserositis and arthritis was performed. A minimum immunizing dose of vaccine was defined as containing at least 7.41 × 10<sup>7</sup> CCU of M. hyorhinis per 2.0 mL dose as represented by the medium dose vaccine. This vaccine provided significant reductions in lameness and pericarditis with preventive fractions of 0.76 (95% CI [0.26, 0.92]) and 0.58 (95% CI [0.31, 0.74]), respectively, compared to the placebo control group. A significant increase in post-challenge weight gain (P < .0001) was also achieved with this vaccine, with an average daily gain (ADG) of 0.92 lbs/day compared to 0.57 lbs/day in the placebo group.
Speciation of trace elements in biological materials: trends and problems (1992)

In the determination of trace elements in biological materials, speciation is of particular importance as the essential effects or toxicity of an element and its metabolic behaviour depend to a large extent on the chemical forms in which it is present in the organism. Speciation is relatively easy if a property of a particular compound can be measured directly in the sample without interference from the other components of the material, e.g., the enzymic activities of the metallo-enzymes. Another possibility for speciation is immunoassay, which likewise allows direct determination of a particular trace element. At present, however, with most trace elements both fractionation methods and analytical procedures have to be combined and speciation has to be carried out by determining the elemental content in the separated fractions. The methods and apparatus used in taking, storing and preparing the samples can, therefore, not be selected solely according to the requirements of trace element determination, but it is also essential to ensure that the biological structures of the components to be separated remain intact. In this work the need for speciation in the investigation of the toxic and essential effects of trace elements is shown with the help of some examples, and the problems that can occur in the various steps of sampling, storage and sample preparation are discussed.
Influence of Mixing Procedure on Properties of Silica Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber Compounds (2014)

Since the introduction of the so-called Green Tyre concept, in the early 90ies, the use of silica as reinforcing fillers has spread and grown worldwide. The general advantages of silica as reinforcing filler over carbon black filler are better rolling resistance by achieving at least equal wet traction while tread wear should not be adversely affected. One way to obtain both low rolling resistance and high wet traction is indeed, to use precipitated silica together with solution polymers in tyre treads. The benefits of reinforcement by silane coupled silicas, in certain blends of solution styrene –butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR), were recognized by major tyre manufacturer. However, the use of silica compounds entails considerable disadvantages in terms of raw material costs and processability (before vulcanization). These difficulties include higher compound Mooney Viscosity (ML1+4) that increases upon storage, short scorch time and environmental problems related to alcohol evolution. The high viscosity and poor processability in silica filled rubber compounds are believed to be associated with silica reaggregation (self aggregation) after rubber compounding. The study has been made of the effect of increased mixing stage and dispersion agent in rubber on uncured properties of the Silica Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber Compounds. In this experiment, two orders of mixing were considered (1) Two Stages Mixing and (2) Three Stages Mixing. Results showed that filler dispersion, Mooney Viscosity and Payne Effect was influenced by the degree of mixing. The incorporation of dispersion agents in the compounds also resultant in the similar manner. It is believed that the dispersion agent could coat the silica surfaces as they are being broken down during the mixing and then stabilize the dispersed structure by stearically preventing silica reagglomeration.
Low-Temperature Microwave Plasma Etching of Crystalline Silicon (1991)

Low-temperature microwave plasma etching of crystalline silicons is described. Vertical and lateral etch rates of Si and the selectivities of Si to photoresist are measured as a function of water temperature within a range of -150 to +30° for SF 6 , and (3) the selectivities become high at low temperatures ( e.g. , >40 at -90°C and 2.3 Pa). This etching enables highly anisotropic Si etching at a high etch rate and high selectivity with fluoride gases. Less-polymerizing-type gases can provide high etch rates. An etching model of the ion-bombarded surfaces in discussed. The model implies that separate control of the side wall reaction and the horizontal surface reaction is archived by the low-temperature etching.
Toxin-Producing Ability among <i>Bacillus</i> spp. Outside the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group (2005)

A total of 333 Bacillus spp. isolated from foods, water, and food plants were examined for the production of possible enterotoxins and emetic toxins using a cytotoxicity assay on Vero cells, the boar spermatozoa motility assay, and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Eight strains produced detectable toxins; six strains were cytotoxic, three strains produced putative emetic toxins (different in size from cereulide), and one strain produced both cytotoxin(s) and putative emetic toxin(s). The toxin-producing strains could be assigned to four different species, B. subtilis, B. mojavensis, B. pumilus, or B. fusiformis, by using a polyphasic approach including biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and DNA-based analyses. Four of the strains produced cytotoxins that were concentrated by ammonium sulfate followed by dialysis, and two strains produced cytotoxins that were not concentrated by such a treatment. Two cultures maintained full cytotoxic activity, two cultures reduced their activity, and two cultures lost their activity after boiling. The two most cytotoxic strains (both B. mojavensis) were tested for toxin production at different temperatures. One of these strains produced cytotoxin at growth temperatures ranging from 25 to 42 degrees C, and no reduction in activity was observed even after 24 h of growth at 42 degrees C. The strains that produced putative emetic toxins were tested for the influence of time and temperature on the toxin production. It was shown that they produced putative emetic toxin faster or just as fast at 30 as at 22 degrees C. None of the cytotoxic strains produced B. cereus-like enterotoxins as tested by PCR or by immunological methods.
Wave-like effects produced by the detonation of gun-cotton (1888)

ART. V.-Wave-like ejfecls p1'oa1lced by the Detonation of G1tn-cotton / by OHARLES E. M"CNROE.-With Plate IV.HAVING had occasion recently to determine how readily gun-cotton which was completely saturated with water conld be detonated, I employed for the purpose a tin can, with a smooth fl~t bottOl~ to hold the gnn-cotton disk and then -fi~led the can WIth sufficIent water to Just completely covel' the dIsk.A paraffined dry disk of gun-cotton, to serve as a primer, ,,-as then laid directly on top of and in contact with the wet disk, and a detonator containing thirty.fivegrains of mercury fulminate was inserted in the primer for the purpose of firing it.The arrangement is shown in fig. 1, where A represents the 1.
Non-Potentiality and Evolution of Magnetic Fields Associated with Flares and CMEs (2006)

In this talk, I review the observations of non-potentiality and evolution of photospheric magnetic fields associated with flares and CMEs. The following topics will be discussed: (1) Pre-flare conditions, such as high magnetic gradient, strong magnetic shear and large twist and electric current; new flux emergence; helicity injection and shear/converging flows. These results may lead to the automated real-time solar activity forecasting. (2) The rapid changes of magnetic structures leading to and following flares/CMEs. In particular, I address the recent discoveries that in delta sunspots, magnetic structures are enhanced at the flare neutral lines immediately following major flares, while the outside penumbrae decay in the same time scale. These changes are rapid (in the time scale less than one hour) and permanent. Some theoretic implications are discussed in the context of observational results.
Evaluation of Imaging-Guided Core Biopsy of Pancreatic Masses (2006)

Imaging-guided core biopsy of pelvic masses is accurate and safe. The accuracy and sensitivity of biopsy under sonographic guidance are higher than those of CT-guided biopsy, although the difference is not statistically significant.
Bridged polyaromatics: Synthesis and isomorphous properties of polymers and oligomers containing O, S, CH<sub>2</sub>bridges (1973)

Abstract A study of the isomorphous relationships existing among five crystalline polyaromatic polymers containing O, S, CH 2 bridges, i.e., magnified image where Ph is phenyl, is reported. Appropriate series of oligomers corresponding to these polymers have also been prepared in order to investigate how the solid‐state properties of the oligomers correlate with those of the polymers. A preliminary x‐ray analysis is reported showing that the polymers are actually isostructural.
Percutaneous Fiberoptic Spinal Laser Endoscopy (1990)

For percutaneous observation of lesions near the spinal cord and percutaneous spinal laser surgery under the visual field, we studied a method and approach to the spinal cord and intraspinal surgical procedures with laser using a newly developed, small-diameter laser endoscope. The subarachnoid and epidural spaces of a goat were punctured using a 17-gauge epidural needle, and the endoscope (diameter 0.7 mm) was inserted through the needle. The spinal cord and surrounding tissue were observed. Next, an endoscope (diameter 1.5 mm) was inserted into the subarachnoid space, and the quality of the picture and manageability of the endoscope were examined. The Xe:Cl excimer laser was irradiated to a nerve root through a 0.4 mm optical fiber for laser transmission through this endoscope. The spinal cord, nerve roots, and arachnoid were clearly observed through this endoscope. The pulsation of the artery accompanying a root was seen clearly, and the quality of the picture of the endoscope was thought to be sufficient for diagnosis. The nerve root was cut within 30 seconds by excimer laser, and the possibility of laser surgery was demonstrated. Although it was shown that this endoscope could be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool, improvement in the manageability of the tip of the endoscope was considered to be important for a clinically usable endoscope.
Preclinical Evaluation of MEDI0641, a Pyrrolobenzodiazepine-Conjugated Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting 5T4 (2017)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are used to selectively deliver cytotoxic agents to tumors and have the potential for increased clinical benefit to cancer patients. 5T4 is an oncofetal antigen overexpressed on the cell surface in many carcinomas on both bulk tumor cells as well as cancer stem cells (CSC), has very limited normal tissue expression, and can internalize when bound by an antibody. An anti-5T4 antibody was identified and optimized for efficient binding and internalization in a target-specific manner, and engineered cysteines were incorporated into the molecule for site-specific conjugation. ADCs targeting 5T4 were constructed by site-specifically conjugating the antibody with payloads that possess different mechanisms of action, either a DNA cross-linking pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer or a microtubule-destabilizing tubulysin, so that each ADC had a drug:antibody ratio of 2. The resulting ADCs demonstrated significant target-dependent activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>; however, the ADC conjugated with a PBD payload (5T4-PBD) elicited more durable antitumor responses <i>in vivo</i> than the tubulysin conjugate in xenograft models. Likewise, the 5T4-PBD more potently inhibited the growth of 5T4-positive CSCs <i>in vivo</i>, which likely contributed to its superior antitumor activity. Given that the 5T4-PBD possessed both potent antitumor activity as well as anti-CSC activity, and thus could potentially target bulk tumor cells and CSCs in target-positive indications, it was further evaluated in non-GLP rat toxicology studies that demonstrated excellent <i>in vivo</i> stability with an acceptable safety profile. Taken together, these preclinical data support further development of 5T4-PBD, also known as MEDI0641, against 5T4<sup>+</sup> cancer indications. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1576-87. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Mechanotransduction in bone—role of the lacunocanalicular network (1999)

The capacity of bone tissue to alter its mass and structure in response to mechanical demands has long been recognized but the cellular mechanisms involved remained poorly understood. Over the last several years significant progress has been made in this field, which we will try to summarize. These studies emphasize the role of osteocytes as the professional mechanosensory cells of bone, and the lacuno-canalicular porosity as the structure that mediates mechanosensing. Strain-derived flow of interstitial fluid through this porosity seems to mechanically activate the osteocytes, as well as ensuring transport of cell signaling molecules and nutrients and waste products. This concept allows an explanation of local bone gain and loss, as well as remodeling in response to fatigue damage, as processes supervised by mechanosensitive osteocytes.
Antioxidant Properties of 5-ASA: Potential Mechanism for Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity (1990)

There is a growing body of experimental data to suggest that the inflamed intestine and/or colon may be subjected to considerable oxidative stress. The most probable source of these oxidants are the phagocytic leukocytes, since these cells are present in large numbers in the inflamed mucosa and are known to produce significant amounts of potentially injurious reactive oxygen species in response to inflammatory stimuli. The authors' laboratory and others have demonstrated that 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) possesses potent antioxidant activity, including free radical scavenging properties and the ability to decompose neutrophilic oxidants (eg, hypochlorous acid) and detoxify hemoprotein-associated oxidizing agents. 5-ASA has the additional property of being able to chelate iron and render it poorly redox active. Therefore, it is proposed that much of the anti-inflammatory activity of 5-ASA may be due to its numerous antioxidant properties.
Will quantum computers be the end of public key encryption? (2016)

The emergence of practical quantum computers poses a significant threat to the most popular public key cryptographic schemes in current use. While we know that the well-understood algorithms for factoring large composites and solving the discrete logarithm problem run at best in superpolynomial time on conventional computers, new, less well understood algorithms run in polynomial time on certain quantum computer architectures. Many appear to be heralding this next step in computing as ‘the end of public key encryption’. We argue that this is not the case and that there are many fields of mathematics that can be used for creating ‘quantum resistant’ cryptographic schemes. We present a high-level review of the threat posed by quantum computers, using RSA and Shor’s algorithm as an example but we explain why we feel that the range of quantum algorithms that pose a threat to public key encryption schemes is likely to be limited in future. We discuss some of the other schemes that we believe could form the basis for public key encryption schemes, some of which could enter widespread use in the very near future, and indicate why some are more likely to be adopted.
Fabricating articulated characters from skinned meshes (2012)

Articulated deformable characters are widespread in computer animation. Unfortunately, we lack methods for their automatic fabrication using modern additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. We propose a method that takes a skinned mesh as input, then estimates a fabricatable single-material model that approximates the 3D kinematics of the corresponding virtual articulated character in a piecewise linear manner. We first extract a set of potential joint locations. From this set, together with optional, user-specified range constraints, we then estimate mechanical friction joints that satisfy inter-joint non-penetration and other fabrication constraints. To avoid brittle joint designs, we place joint centers on an approximate medial axis representation of the input geometry, and maximize each joint's minimal cross-sectional area. We provide several demonstrations, manufactured as single, assembled pieces using 3D printers.
Multilevel interconnects using Al CVD (2002)

Summary form only given. The authors present results on the use of Al interconnects deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In comparison to sputtered Al, Al CVD technology can fill higher aspect ratio structures like vias, and in comparison to W CVD, Al CVD offers a lower resistivity metal. Thus, lower resistivity Al via-studs can be made without sacrificing the good hole fill of W CVD processes. By maintaining an Al/Al interface at the via/interconnection interface, the possibility exists for eliminating the recently published lower electromigration lifetime of the W/Al interface. The Al CVD process recipe, yield data, and reliability data for two-level via chains are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>