gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four-wavelength DBR laser array with waveguide-couplers fabricated using selective MOVPE growth (2002)

We developed integrated multiwavelength lasers with waveguide couplers using a novel selective metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) technique. The lasing wavelength was controlled by modulating the effective refractive index of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) waveguides. Array lasing wavelengths were distributed from 1548.0 to 1553.5 nm with an average spacing of 1.8 nm. Output power exceeding 100 /spl mu/W was obtained for each DBR laser. The propagation loss of the waveguide coupler was about 16 dB for inner ports and 20 dB for outer ports with a 6-dB splitting loss.
5'-Nucleotidase as a marker of both general and local inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. (1999)

The 5'N activity in the serum (which came mostly from the liver) could be used as a marker of general inflammation, whereas the 5'N in the synovial fluid was mostly produced locally, and could be used as a marker of joint inflammation, particularly for the RA patients.
Compatibility and Regression Testing of COTS-Component-Based Software (2007)

Software engineers frequently update COTS components integrated in component-based systems, and can often chose among many candidates produced by different vendors. This paper tackles both the problem of quickly identifying components that are syntactically compatible with the interface specifications, but badly integrate in target systems, and the problem of automatically generating regression test suites. The technique proposed in this paper to automatically generate compatibility and prioritized test suites is based on behavioral models that represent component interactions, and are automatically generated while executing the original test suites on previous versions of target systems.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 activates murine natural interferon-producing cells through toll-like receptor 9 (2003)

Natural interferon-producing cells (IPCs) specialize in the production of high levels of type 1 interferons (IFNs) in response to encapsulated DNA and RNA viruses. Here we demonstrate that the secretion of type 1 IFN in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro is mediated by the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)/MyD88 pathway. Moreover, IPCs produce interleukin-12 (IL-12) in response to HSV-1 in vitro, which is also dependent on TLR9/ MyD88 signaling. Remarkably, though TLR9/MyD88-deficiency abrogates IPC responses to HSV-1 in vitro, mice lacking either MyD88 or TLR9 are capable of controlling HSV-1 replication in vivo after local infection, demonstrating that TLR9- and MyD88-independent pathways in cells other than IPCs can effectively compensate for defective IPC responses to HSV-1.
Apoptosis of regulatory T lymphocytes is increased in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and reversed by anti-TNFα treatment (2011)

These data suggest that increased apoptosis of Treg cells plays a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of IBD and can be reversed by anti-TNFα treatment. Measurement of Treg cell apoptosis and serum caspase activity might therefore represent promising tools for monitoring disease activity and treatment response in patients with IBD.
Tooling and Prototypes Produced by 3D Printing (1991)

(1991). Tooling and Prototypes Produced by 3D Printing. Materials and Processing Report: Vol. 5, No. 12, pp. 1-2.
Gelation and Cross-Linking in Multifunctional Thiol and Multifunctional Acrylate Systems Involving an <i>in Situ</i> Comonomer Catalyst (2014)

Dynamic rheology in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to examine the gelation kinetics, mechanism, and gel point of novel thiol–acrylate systems containing varying concentrations of an in situ catalyst. Gelation, as evidenced from the gel time determined using the Winter–Chambon criterion, is found to occur more quickly with increasing catalyst concentration up until a critical catalyst concentration of 22 mol %, whereupon the gel time lengthens. Such a minimum in gel time may be attributed to changes in the number of available reaction sites and percentage conversion required for gelation. Chemical conversions at the gel point measured for representative samples are consistent with theoretical values calculated using Flory–Stockmayer’s statistical approach, confirming our hypothesis. Relaxation exponents of 0.97 and fractal dimensions of 1.3 are calculated for all samples, consistent with coarse-grained discontinuous molecular dynamics (DMD) simulations. The elevated value of n may be due to the low molecular weight prepolymer. The relaxation exponent and fractal dimensions are invariable over all systems studied, suggesting the cross-linking mechanism remains unaffected by changes in catalyst concentration, allowing the gel time to be tailored by simply modulating the catalyst concentration.
[Sialic acid in breast milk and infant formula food]. (1993)

Formula-fed infants obtain less than 20% of the amount of sialic acid supplied if breast-fed. A sufficient sialic acid supply may be essential in very-low-birth-weight infants and neonates at risk for the normal development of brain function.
Apple protopectin : preliminary study of enzymic extraction (1988)

13 ref.
Comparative in vitro study on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and binding capacity for pathophysiological factors in chronic wounds of alginate and silver‐containing alginate (2009)

Chronic wounds contain elevated levels of proteases, proinflammatory cytokines, and free radicals. The presence of bacteria further exaggerates the tissue-damaging processes. For successful treatment, the wound dressing needs to manage wound exudates, create a moist environment, inhibit infection, bind pathophysiological factors that are detrimental to wound healing, and provide thermal isolation. Furthermore, it has to relieve pain, be easy to use, show no allergic potency, and not release toxic residues. The present study suggests a comprehensive in vitro approach to enable the assessment of wound dressings to support optimal conditions for wound healing. Three alginate-based wound dressings: alginate alone, alginate containing ionic silver, and alginate with nanocrystalline silver, were tested for biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and influence on chronic wound parameters such as elastase, matrix metalloproteases-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, and free radical formation. Alginate was found to bind considerable amounts of elastase, reduce the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibit the formation of free radicals. Furthermore, alginate showed antibacterial activity and high biocompatibility. Incorporation of silver into alginate fibers increased antimicrobial activity and improved the binding affinity for elastase, matrix metalloproteases-2, and the proinflammatory cytokines tested. Addition of silver also enhanced the antioxidant capacity. However, a distinct negative effect of silver-containing alginates on human HaCaT keratinocytes was noted in vitro.
A System for Automatic Judgment of Offsides in Soccer Games (2006)

In this paper, we propose a system for automatic judgment of offsides in soccer games. We detect and track players in fixed multi camera images and calculate the world coordinates of them. Furthermore, we do a formation analysis by classifying uniforms and calculate the position of an offside line. On the other hand, we calculate the 3D coordinates and the trajectories of a ball in world coordinates from the plane coordinates of a ball in multi cameras and recognize the moment of a play from the 3D trajectories of a ball. In addition, we make a judge player's interfering with play by analyzing the spatial relationship between a ball and players. Finally, we make an offside judgment by integrating these results. We apply our system to a real soccer match and demonstrate the availability of this system by showing the experimental results
Germline CDKN2A mutation implicated in predisposition to multiple myeloma (2000)

Germline mutations of the CDKN2A(p16INK4A) tumor suppressor gene predispose patients to melanoma and pancreatic carcinoma. In contrast, mutations of the murine CDKN2A gene predispose BALB/c mice to pristane-induced plasmacytoma. We describe here a family in which a germline mutation of CDKN2A is present in 4 individuals who developed melanoma as well as in a fifth family member who is suffering from multiple myeloma. To determine whether the CDKN2A mutation predisposed the myeloma patient to her disease, we carried out loss of heterozygosity studies on sorted bone marrow from this individual and observed loss of the wild type CDKN2A allele in the malignant plasma cells. We suggest that germline mutations of CDKN2A may predispose individuals to a wider variety of malignancy than has been hitherto reported, but that the expression of these cancers may depend heavily on the genetic background of the patient.
In ovo vaccination technology. (1999)

More than 80% of the U.S. broiler industry has converted to the in ovo vaccination process for control of Marek's disease. Providing certain criteria are met, including timing and site of vaccine placement, vaccine mixing, machine sanitization, and hatchery management specifications, this has proven to be an efficacious and convenient method of vaccination. Efforts to extend the technology for other viral vaccines including Newcastle, bronchitis and bursal disease, and bacterial and parasitic vaccines are in progress. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that in ovo vaccination technology using approved vaccine is a safe, efficacious, and convenient method for vaccination of poultry.
Arc resistant equipment for low voltage motor control center applications (2010)

Due to recent focus on arc flash hazards, arc resistant equipment is becoming increasingly common in industrial facilities throughout North America. This paper addresses arc resistant equipment as it applies to low voltage motor control centers (NEMA 600V LVMCC/IEC 690V LV controlgear). A brief overview and history of applicable internal arc fault testing guides (IEEE C37.20.7 and IEC/TR 61641) are included. Test procedures and their considerations are reviewed, as well as arc resistant assessment criteria. An examination of the various methods to achieve an arc resistant rating (device limited rating and duration rating) are addressed as well as considerations for implementing arc resistant equipment in pulp, paper, and forest product applications.
Sepsis with a New Species of <i>Corynebacterium</i> (1976)

Sepsis with a previously undescribed species of Corynebacterium was documented in four patients. All patients had predisposing illness at the time of infection, three patients having leukemia in relapse and one having a porencephalic cyst and a ventriculoatrial shunt. The isolates from blood cultures had a characteristic metallic sheen when grown on blood agar. They were resistant to most antibiotics tested, including the penicillins, but were uniformly sensitive to vancomycin. Common biochemical characteristics, the metallic sheen, and the unusual antibiotic sensitivity pattern suggest that these isolates comprise a new species or group of closely related species of Corynebacterium that is capable of infection in man.
Differential Description Length for Hyperparameter Selection in Machine Learning (2019)

This paper introduces a new method for model selection and more generally hyperparameter selection in machine learning. Minimum description length (MDL) is an established method for model selection, which is however not directly aimed at minimizing generalization error, which is often the primary goal in machine learning. The paper demonstrates a relationship between generalization error and a difference of description lengths of the training data; we call this difference differential description length (DDL). This allows prediction of generalization error from the training data alone by performing encoding of the training data. DDL can then be used for model selection by choosing the model with the smallest predicted generalization error. We show how this method can be used for linear regression and neural networks and deep learning. Experimental results show that DDL leads to smaller generalization error than cross-validation and traditional MDL and Bayes methods.
On-Chip ESD detection circuit for system-level ESD protection design (2010)

A new on-chip CR-based electrostatic discharge (ESD) detection circuit for system-level ESD protection design is proposed in this work. The circuit performance to detect positive or negative electrical transients generated by system-level ESD tests has been analyzed in HSPICE simulation and verified in silicon chip. The experimental results in a 0.13-μm CMOS process have confirmed that the proposed detection circuit can detect ESD-induced transient disturbance during system-level ESD zapping. The detection results can be used as system recovery firmware index to improve the immunity of CMOS IC products against system-level ESD stress.
Manufacturing cost analysis of optoelectronic integrated circuits (1989)

A modified version of a recently proposed cost model for millimeter and microwave integrated circuits is applied to the cost analysis of optoelectronic integrated circuits. The particular example that is examined is a four-function receiver module for optical interconnects. On the basis of this analysis, it is concluded that the lowest receiver module cost, for any level of production, is achieved by integrating the receiver at the rate of two functions per chip, rather than a full single-chip integration of the receiver. This observation is the result of the loss of functional yield and a reduction of the number of die per wafer incurred by the increased die size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bidirectional Context-Aware Hierarchical Attention Network for Document Understanding (2019)

The Hierarchical Attention Network (HAN) has made great strides, but it suffers a major limitation: at level 1, each sentence is encoded in complete isolation. In this work, we propose and compare several modifications of HAN in which the sentence encoder is able to make context-aware attentional decisions (CAHAN). Furthermore, we propose a bidirectional document encoder that processes the document forwards and backwards, using the preceding and following sentences as context. Experiments on three large-scale sentiment and topic classification datasets show that the bidirectional version of CAHAN outperforms HAN everywhere, with only a modest increase in computation time. While results are promising, we expect the superiority of CAHAN to be even more evident on tasks requiring a deeper understanding of the input documents, such as abstractive summarization. Code is publicly available.
Optical bandwidth considerations in p-i-n multiple quantum well modulators (1994)

The use of light beams to communicate information within a computer would alleviate the bandwidth and density limitations of electrical interconnects. Various information processing systems are under development which utilize multiple quantum well (MQW) p-i(MQW)-n modulators as their primary component. In these systems information is transmitted off an integrated circuit chip by imprinting it upon the beam reflected off the modulator. This capability should radically increase the aggregate information flow, especially if surface-normal modulators are used (i.e. the light beams are normal to the chip surface), since then twodimensional arrays with thousands of elements may be formed.
U.S. Conservatist Trend (2004)

The main cause of Bush's success in the election and being re-elected President is that the Republicans and its conservatist ideology prevails in America. U.S. presidential election is contention between the candidates in personal capacity, morality, experience, wealth and family as well as contention between the two parties. In 2004 election, Bush is not advantageous to Kerry in personal factors, but in the party itself. The Republicans have obvious advantages to the Democratic Party. The major source of the advantages come from conservatist ideology.
Unsupervised argument identification for Semantic Role Labeling (2009)

The task of Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) is often divided into two sub-tasks: verb argument identification, and argument classification. Current SRL algorithms show lower results on the identification sub-task. Moreover, most SRL algorithms are supervised, relying on large amounts of manually created data. In this paper we present an unsupervised algorithm for identifying verb arguments, where the only type of annotation required is POS tagging. The algorithm makes use of a fully unsupervised syntactic parser, using its output in order to detect clauses and gather candidate argument collocation statistics. We evaluate our algorithm on PropBank10, achieving a precision of 56%, as opposed to 47% of a strong baseline. We also obtain an 8% increase in precision for a Spanish corpus. This is the first paper that tackles unsupervised verb argument identification without using manually encoded rules or extensive lexical or syntactic resources.
Image database categorization under spatial constraints using adaptive constrained clustering (2008)

We propose an adaptive constrained clustering (ACC) algorithm that performs clustering and feature weighting simultaneously and that can incorporate partial supervision information. This information consists of a set of constraints on which instances should or should not reside in the same cluster. The algorithm is dynamic in the sense that the optimal number of clusters can expand or shrink depending on the distribution of the data and the set of constraints. The ACC algorithm is used as the main tool to organize and navigate through a collection of geo-referenced images. In this application, the constraints are generated automatically based on the spatial distribution of the coordinates of the images and the dynamic range of the current view. As a result, images would be assigned to the same cluster if they are similar in content and close spatially. Icons of the clusterspsila representatives are superimposed on a map to provide the user with a global overview of the content and location of the photo collection. If the user selects a region to zoom-in, images within this region will be re-clustered with stricter spatial constraints. The proposed clustering and visualization application were applied to a collection of 2,023 photos taken with a digital camera that tags each photo with the location of where the photo was taken using a GPS receiver.
Classification of a known sequence of motions and postures from accelerometry data using adapted Gaussian mixture models (2006)

Accelerometry shows promise in providing an inexpensive but effective means of long-term ambulatory monitoring of elderly patients. The accurate classification of everyday movements should allow such a monitoring system to exhibit greater 'intelligence', improving its ability to detect and predict falls by forming a more specific picture of the activities of a person and thereby allowing more accurate tracking of the health parameters associated with those activities. With this in mind, this study aims to develop more robust and effective methods for the classification of postures and motions from data obtained using a single, waist-mounted, triaxial accelerometer; in particular, aiming to improve the flexibility and generality of the monitoring system, making it better able to detect and identify short-duration movements and more adaptable to a specific person or device. Two movement classification methods were investigated: a rule-based Heuristic system and a Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based system. A novel time-domain feature extraction method is proposed for the GMM system to allow better detection of short-duration movements. A method for adapting the GMMs to compensate for the problem of limited user-specific training data is also proposed and investigated. Classification performance was considered in relation to data gathered in an unsupervised, directed routine conducted in a three-month field trial involving six elderly subjects. The GMM system was found to achieve a mean accuracy of 91.3%, distinguishing between three postures (sitting, standing and lying) and five movements (sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit, lie-to-stand, stand-to-lie and walking), compared to 71.1% achieved by the Heuristic system. The adaptation method was found to offer a mean accuracy of 92.2%; a relative improvement of 20.2% over tests without subject-specific data and 4.5% over tests using only a limited amount of subject-specific data. While limited to a restricted subset of possible motions and postures, these results provide a significant step in the search for a more robust and accurate ambulatory classification system.
Microwave Assisted Decalcification with Recirculation of Temperature Controlled Solutions (2002)

Recent advances in microwave processing of tissue for histological analysis have shown its efficacy Improvements have been demonstrated in histologic detail, ease of processing and sample throughput time for both soft and hard (undecalcified) tissue Soft tissue has the advantage of being easy to sample and limited in size. This results in protocols of short duration with minimal sample heating at intermediate power settings (450W) and almost no heating (1 to 10C ) depending on solution type and volume. However, calcified tissue presents unique challenges to microwave assisted processing. Calcified samples are often large and cannot be trimmed without detrimental fractures through internal structures of interest (for example: the Organ of Corti of the cochlea embedded within the temporal bone). These large samples also present a significant diffusion gradient against the removal of hydroxyapatite. In non-microwave assisted protocols, samples require daily changes of large volumes of solution over several weeks to months to achieve decalcification at room temperature.
Comparative Gene Prediction in Human and Mouse (2003)

The completion of the sequencing of the mouse genome promises to help predict human genes with greater accuracy. While current ab initio gene prediction programs are remarkably sensitive (i.e., they predict at least a fragment of most genes), their specificity is often low, predicting a large number of false-positive genes in the human genome. Sequence conservation at the protein level with the mouse genome can help eliminate some of those false positives. Here we describe SGP2, a gene prediction program that combines ab initio gene prediction with TBLASTX searches between two genome sequences to provide both sensitive and specific gene predictions. The accuracy of SGP2 when used to predict genes by comparing the human and mouse genomes is assessed on a number of data sets, including single-gene data sets, the highly curated human chromosome 22 predictions, and entire genome predictions from ENSEMBL. Results indicate that SGP2 outperforms purely ab initio gene prediction methods. Results also indicate that SGP2 works about as well with 3x shotgun data as it does with fully assembled genomes. SGP2 provides a high enough specificity that its predictions can be experimentally verified at a reasonable cost. SGP2 was used to generate a complete set of gene predictions on both the human and mouse by comparing the genomes of these two species. Our results suggest that another few thousand human and mouse genes currently not in ENSEMBL are worth verifying experimentally.