gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A MCM-based microsystem for biological fluids analysis by optical absorption (2006)

This paper presents a MCM (multi-chip-module) microsystem for biological fluids analysis. It. is composed of three parts: (1) a CMOS silicon optical detection microsystem which includes a photodetector and a light-to-frequency converter for readout; (2) a dielectric thin-film based optical filter on top of the photodetector, fabricated using IC-compatible post-processing; (3) a glass die on top containing the microchannels fabricated using SU-8 techniques. The application is in the low-cost measurement of concentration of biomolecules in biological fluids, by the optical absorption in a part of the visible spectrum defined by the specific molecule. Signals proportional to the intensity of the light transmitted through the biological fluid are available at the output in the form of bit streams, which allows simple computer interfacing. The quantitative measurement of total protein in urine is successfully demonstrated. The photodiode responsivity is 224 mA/W with a FWHM (full-width-half-maximum) of 10 nm at /spl lambda/=600 nm. The optical system sensitivity is 1 kHz/Wm/sup -2/ at /spl lambda/=670 nm.
Large Scale Finite Element Modeling,Simulation and Visualization for Wind Flows in Urban Area Using Virtual Reality (2008)

A large-scale finite element modeling, simulation and visualization for wind flows are presented. The modeling method using GIS/CAD data is employed. The stabilized parallel finite element method based on SUPG/PSPG method is employed for the analysis of wind flows. The present method is applied to the simulation of wind flow and contaminant spread in urban area. The visualization based on virtual reality is employed to evaluate the mesh quality and computational results. The computed results are qualitatively in agreement with the experimental results and actual phenomena. The present method is shown to be a useful tool to simulate the wind flows in urban area.
Engineered Expression of the TLR5 Ligand Flagellin Enhances Paramyxovirus Activation of Human Dendritic Cell Function (2008)

The paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) is a poor activator of human dendritic cell (DC) maturation pathways in vitro, and infected DC do not upregulate cell surface costimulatory proteins or secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines. We evaluated the hypothesis that activation of SV5-infected DC would be enhanced by engineering SV5 to express a Toll-like-receptor (TLR) ligand. To test this hypothesis, a novel virus was engineered such that the gene encoding an intracellular form of the TLR5 ligand flagellin was expressed from the genome of wild-type (WT) SV5 (SV5-flagellin). Cells infected in vitro with the flagellin-expressing virus released low levels of biologically active flagellin, which was capable of stimulating TLR5 signaling. Infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived immature DC with SV5-flagellin resulted in enhanced levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 compared to infection with DC with the parental virus, WT SV5. In contrast to cytokine induction, the flagellin-expressing virus did not appreciably increase DC surface expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 or CD86 above the level seen with WT SV5 alone. In mixed-culture assays, DC infected with the flagellin-expressing virus were more effective at activating gamma interferon secretion from both CD8(+) and CD4(+) allogeneic T cells than DC infected with WT SV5. Our results with SV5-directed intracellular expression of flagellin may be applicable to other vectors or pathogenic viruses where overcoming impairment of DC activation could contribute to the development of safer and more effective vaccines.
Gene replacements at the his-3 locus of Neurospora crassa (1996)

We report the construction of pRAUW122, a plasmid capable of directing the integration of gene-constructs by gene replacement at the his-3locus of Neurospora crassa. Gene targeting at his-3 is selected by growing the transformants in histidine-free medium. The elimination of a second selectable marker (Bmlr), flanking the gene construct, is detected by screening for benomyl sensitivity of the his-3+ transformants. Therefore, his-3+ Bmls transformants have a high probability of having arisen by the desired gene replacement event.
Structural analysis of human complement protein H: homology with C4b binding protein, <i>beta</i>  2-glycoprotein I, and the Ba fragment of B2. (1986)

We report here a partial primary structure for human complement protein H. Tryptic peptides comprising 27% of the H molecule were isolated by conventional techniques and were sequenced (333 amino acid residues). Several mixed-sequence oligonucleotide probes were constructed, based on the peptide sequence data, and were used to screen a human liver cDNA library. The largest recombinant plasmid (pH1050), which hybridized with two probes, was further characterized. The cDNA insert of this plasmid contained coding sequence (672 bp) for 224 amino acids of H. The 3' end of this clone had a polyadenylated tail preceded by a polyadenylation recognition site (ATTAAA) and a 3'-untranslated region (229 bp). Four regions of internal homology, each about 60 amino acids in length, were observed in the derived protein sequence from this cDNA clone, and a further seven from the tryptic peptide sequences. The consensus sequence for each of the repetitive units of H was four cysteines, two prolines, three glycines, one tryptophan, and two tyrosines/phenylalanines. Based on the mole percent values for each of these amino acids, it is likely that H is composed of about 20 repetitive units of this nature. Furthermore, the repetitive unit of H shows pronounced homology with the Ba fragment of B, the C4b binding protein, and beta 2-glycoprotein I. Therefore, it seems that at least portions of these proteins have evolved from a common ancestral DNA element.
Optimal Incentive-Compatible Pricing for Dynamic Bandwidth Trading and Allocation in Efficient Spectrum Management (2011)

The wireless spectrum is a limited resource. The concepts of cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) have been considered as a possible mechanism to improve the efficiency of bandwidth usage and solve the bandwidth deficiency problem. In this work, we propose an open interactive dynamic bandwidth trading model to enable periodic, short-term trading of unused bandwidth by licensed spectrum owners to sublet their surplus resources to service providers that need bandwidth. The model comprises of two phases. The goal of the phase one is to find out the demand of the intended buyers through multiple rounds of learning and revising of the quantity-price schedule. Based on the type distribution of the intended potential buyers, the optimal quantity-price schedule is derived which satisfies the incentive compatibility (aka self-selection) and the individually rational constraints that maximizes the MNO's profit and assures that the quantity-price pair designed for MVNO of a specific type will choose the pair that maximizes its utility. We also present an algorithm to convert the continuous optimal quantity-price schedule to a discrete one so as to provide a simple easy-to-read format for MVNOs' selection. If the total number of bandwidth requests exceeds the total capacity constraint, a bounded knapsack problem is used to resolve for final bandwidth allocation. Lastly, an example is provided to illustrate the process.
Back Cover: Macromol. Biosci. 9/2004 (2004)

Back Cover: The cover illustrates the finding that mammalian enzymes, including α‐chymotrypsin, elastase and trypsin occurring in pancreas, and subtilisin, as microbial enzyme, are able to degrade poly( L ‐lactide) (PLA). The PLA is biocompatible and useful to human body. Environmental applications and biomedical materials made of PLA, such as sutures, bone fracture fixation devices and drug delivery microcapsules are degraded by these enzymes. Further details can be found in the Full Paper by H.‐A. Lim, T. Raku, and Y. Tokiwa * on page 875.
Improving the productivity of single-chain Fv antibody against c-Met by rearranging the order of its variable domains. (2008)

Single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody against c-Met is expected to be employed in clinical treatment or imaging of cancer cells owing to the important biological roles of c-Met in the proliferation of malignancies. Here, we show that the productivity of scFv against c-Met in Escherichia coli is significantly influenced by the orientation of its variable domains. We generated anti-c-Met scFv antibodies with two different domain orders (i.e., VL-linker-VH and VH-linker-VL), expressed them in the cytoplasm of E. coli trx/ gor deleted mutant, and compared their specific activities as well as their productivities. Productivity of total and functional anti-c-Met scFv with VH/VL orientation was more than five times higher than that with VL/VH format. Coexpression of DsbC enhanced the yield of soluble amounts of anti-c-Met scFv protein for both constructs. The purified scFv antibodies of the two different formats exhibited almost the same antigen-binding activities. We also compared the productivities and specific activities of anti-c-Met diabodies with VH/VL or VL/VH formats and obtained similar results to the case of scFv antibodies.
Wind cooling effect on dynamic overhead line ratings (2010)

Due to deregulation of the power supply industry and the continuing need for network expansion, there is pressure to maximise utilisation of the existing transmission and distribution networks. A way of achieving this is to employ dynamic line ratings instead of the present static line ratings based on conservative weather assumptions. Such an approach is especially beneficial in areas of significant wind generation. In dynamic line rating methodologies, both the line loading and weather conditions are major contributors to a conductor's temperature. The effects of Joule heating and wind speed have been examined using a section of `Lynx' 175 mm<sup>2</sup> conductor in a wind tunnel under controlled environmental conditions.<br/><br/><br/>
Handling and transporting the 8.4-m mirrors for the Large Binocular Telescope (2004)

The Large Binocular Telescope has two 8.4 meter mirrors, one of which is now in the telescope. Handling and moving the 8.4-meter honeycomb mirrors calls for moving 16 metric ton mirrors while maintaining very low stresses. We have now handled the first LBT mirror off the furnace, turned on edge, cleaned out, turned upside down, on the grinder, turned again, put on a polishing cell, moved under the polishing machine, lifted with a vacuum lifting fixture, moved to the telescope cell, to a transportation box, down the highway, onto a multi-axle trailer on edge, up Mount Graham, into the telescope building, back into the telescope cell and up through a hatch onto the telescope itself. The second LBT mirror is in the polishing stage. We have designed and manufactured many pieces of specialized equipment to handle the task. This equipment must be able to handle the mirrors without exceeding 0.7 MPa (100 psi) stress in the glass.
Intrauterine Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Goitrous Hypothyroidism (1990)

Newborn screening programs for the detection of congenital hypothyroidism have dramatically shortened the time before treatment is begun. However, concern still exists about central nervous system sequelae which may persist due to a period of untreated intrauterine hypothyroidism. Presence of polyhydramnios led to the ultrasound diagnosis of a fetal goiter. Hypothyroidism was confirmed at 34 weeks gestation by percutaneous fetal blood sampling, which revealed an elevated TSH (186 mU/L) and a low T4 (19.3 nmol/L). Intraamniotic fluid injections of 500 micrograms levothyroxine sodium (T4) every 10-14 days increased fetal serum T4 (59.2 nmol/L), decreased fetal serum TSH (14 mU/L), decreased amniotic fluid TSH, and decreased the size of the fetal goiter. The infant was born at term without perinatal complications. Thyroid function studies on cord blood were normal (T4, 109.4 nmol/L; TSH, 1.3 mU/L), and the infant was discharged on oral T4. Follow-up examination at age 6 weeks revealed that the infant was developmentally normal and clinically and chemically euthyroid. Intrauterine T4 therapy can suppress fetal TSH and treat fetal hypothyroidism despite hypothyroid levels of serum T3. Highly sensitive TSH assays may allow the use of amniotic fluid TSH as a marker for fetal hypothyroidism.
Analysis of Coherent and Diffuse Scattering Using a Reference Phantom (2016)

The estimation of many spectral-based quantitative ultrasound parameters assumes that backscattered echo signals are from a stationary, incoherent scattering process. The accuracy of these assumptions in real tissue can limit the diagnostic value of these parameters and the physical insight about tissue microstructure they can convey. This work presents an empirical decision test to determine the presence of significant coherent contributions to echo signals and whether they are caused by low scatterer number densities or the presence of specular reflectors or scatterers with periodic spacing. This is achieved by computing parameters from echo signals that quantify stationary or nonstationary features related to coherent scattering, and then comparing their values to thresholds determined from a reference material providing diffuse scattering. The paper first presents a number of parameters with demonstrated sensitivity to coherent scattering and describes criteria to select those with the highest sensitivity using simulated and phantom-based echo data. Results showed that the echo amplitude signal-to-noise ratio and the multitaper-generalized spectrum were the parameters with the highest sensitivity to coherent scattering with stationary and nonstationary features, respectively. These parameters were incorporated into the reference-based decision test, which successfully identified regions in simulated and tissue-mimicking phantoms with different incoherent and coherent scattering conditions. When scatterers with periodic organization were detected, the combination of stationary and nonstationary analysis permitted the estimation of the mean spacing below and above the resolution limit imposed by the pulse size. Preliminary applications of this algorithm to human cervical tissue ex vivo showed correspondence between regions of B-mode images showing bright reflectors, tissue interfaces, and hypoechoic regions with regions classified as specular reflectors and low scatterer number density. These results encourage further application of the algorithm to more structurally complex phantoms and tissue.
Metformin and Inflammation: Its Potential Beyond Glucose-lowering Effect (2015)

Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent which is most widely used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Metformin improves hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in muscle. Metformin also has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in randomized controlled trials; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be established. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that metformin not only improves chronic inflammation through the improvement of metabolic parameters such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia, but also has a direct anti-inflammatory action. Studies have suggested that metformin suppresses inflammatory response by inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and independent pathways. This review summarizes the basic and clinical evidence of the anti-inflammatory action of metformin and discusses its clinical implication.
Distribution of Thermophilic and Thermotolerant Fungi in a Spruce-Pine Chip Pile (1972)

A study into the distribution of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi in a spruce-pine (Picea spp.—Pinus spp.) wood chip pile at Prince George, B.C., was carried out. Five treatments were examined: pine, spruce, spruce containing a core bag of fines, spruce containing a core bag of sterilized spruce chips and spruce containing a core bag of spruce chips inoculated with a Ptychogaster sp. [probably Chrysosporiumpruinosum (Gilman and Abbott) Carmichael]. Samples of wood chips buried at different locations in the chip pile were examined after 3, 6, and 12 month storage periods. From 100 randomly selected chips from each sample, the fungi were isolated on 2% malt, 2% agar, and 0.5% malic acid medium. Data on temperature during storage, pH of wood chips, moisture content, and weight loss at the time of sampling were calculated for the various sampling positions.Thermophilic fungi colonized the inner regions of the wood chip pile where higher wood substance losses occurred, while thermotolerant fungi inhabited the outer regions. Among the thermophilic fungi listed according to frequency of isolation were Byssochlamysemersonii Stolk-Apinis, Allescheriaterrestris Apinis, Sporotrichumthermophile Apinis, Thermoascusaurantiacus Miehe, and Humicolalanuginosa (Griffon and Maublanc) Bunce. The most common thermotolerant fungi were Aspergillusfumigatus Fresenius and C. pruinosum.Fungal distribution was generally related to position in the wood chip pile. Of the associated factors, temperature (17–60 °C) was most strongly related to fungal distribution, whereas treatment, pH of wood chips, and moisture content did not relate to fungal distribution.
Species difference in the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor associated with the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex. (1997)

Species differences in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3 receptor among anesthetized rats, mice, rabbits, ferrets, dogs and guinea-pigs were examined in the transient bradycardia induced by i.v. injection of 5-HT (the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex). We also investigated the mechanism of the 5-HT-induced bradycardia in these species. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the selective 5-HT3 receptor agonists, 2-methyl-5-HT and m-chlorophenylbiguanide, dosedependently decreased heart rate in all species. In anesthetized rats, mice, ferrets and guinea-pigs, 2-methyl-5-HT and m-chlorophenylbiguanide behaved as full agonists against the 5-HT3 receptor, whereas their agonistic action in rabbits was partial. On the basis of ED50 values, there was no marked species difference in the potency of 5-HT3 receptor agonists. In contrast, the blocking activities of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, YM060, YM114 (KAE-393), granisetron and ondansetron, were markedly weaker in anesthetized guinea-pigs than in the other species. With regard to the mechanism of the 5-HT-induced bradycardia, YM060, atropine or vagotomy completely inhibited the 5-HT-induced bradycardia in anesthetized rats and mice. In guinea-pigs, in contrast, higher doses of YM060 and atropine or vagotomy inhibited this reflex by approximately 80%. Although the YM060-resistant part of the 5-HT-induced bradycardia in guinea-pigs was affected by neither 5-HT2 receptor antagonists nor 5-HT4 receptor antagonists, it was completely abolished by methysergide, a 5-HT1-like and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. These results suggest that there is a species difference in the 5-HT3 receptor between guinea-pigs and other species in the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex system. They also suggest that the 5-HT-induced bradycardia in anesthetized rats and mice is evoked by acetylcholine released through activation of 5-HT3 receptors on the vagus nerve, while that in guinea-pigs is, at least in part, mediated through 5-HT1-like receptors in addition to 5-HT3 receptors.
New architecture for laser pattern generators for 130 nm and beyond (2001)

A new breed of pattern generators for photomasks using a new DUV spatial light modulator (SLM) technology is under development in a collaborative effort between Micronic Laser Systems AB, Taby, Sweden and the Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems (FhG-IMS), Dresden, Germany. Current pattern generator architectures using a limited number of scanning beams will not be able to support future production requirements with ever-increasing data complexity and resolution. The new SLM technology provides a means for high resolution and massive parallel exposure to alleviate these difficulties. There are many architectural similarities to that of a modern stepper and the technology can provide the resolution to rival that of e-beam pattern generators, yet with the productivity of laser patterning. In this paper we describe the architecture of an SLM exposure system, the SLM technology, and will consider key aspects for the intended application.
A Review of the Biologic Effects, Clinical Efficacy, and Safety of Silicone Elastomer Sheeting for Hypertrophic and Keloid Scar Treatment and Management (2007)

Silicone elastomer sheeting is a medical device used to prevent the development of and improve the appearance and feel of hypertrophic and keloid scars. The precise mechanism of action of silicone elastomer sheeting has not been defined, but clinical trials report that this device is safe and effective for the treatment and prevention of hypertrophic and keloid scars if worn over the scar for 12 to 24 hours per day for at least 2 to 3 months. Some of the silicone elastomer sheeting products currently on the market are durable and adhere well to the skin. These products are an attractive treatment option because of their ease of use and low risk of adverse effects compared to other treatments, such as surgical excision, intralesional corticosteroid injections, pressure therapy, radiation, laser treatment, and cryotherapy. Additional controlled clinical trials with large patient populations may provide further evidence for the efficacy of silicone elastomer sheeting in the treatment and prevention of hypertrophic and keloid scars. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on silicone elastomer sheeting products and to discuss their clinical application in the treatment and prevention of hypertrophic and keloid scars.
Cellular mechanisms in shock and ischemia and their correction (1983)

Various metabolic, cellular, and subcellular alterations in cell function and morphology occur during shock or low flow conditions. Alterations in mitochondrial function during low flow conditions consist of decreases in the metabolic capability of mitochondria, alterations in mitochondrial cation contents, increased mitochondrial free fatty acids and Ca2+, and decreased adenine nucleotide translocase activity. The cell membrane transport of Na+ and K+, transmembrane potential, cellular ATP and cyclic nucleotide levels, and other phenomena are also significantly altered. The potential mechanisms responsible for altered mitochondrial and cellular functions during shock and the consequences of such alterations are discussed. Based on the cellular alterations that occur during shock, attempts have been made to support cell function during such conditions. These (along with volume replacement) include substrates, membrane-stabilizing solutions, and energy compounds. Although provision of substrates may improve cellular energy levels, they may not necessarily improve microcirculation. The use of ATP-MgCl2 as an adjunct in the treatment of shock and ischemia has been described, and potential mechanisms of the beneficial effects of this compound are discussed.
Breeding for Resistance in Forest Trees-A Quantitative Genetic Approach (1989)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More