gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimedia for Autonomous Driving (2019)

Multimedia has played an indispensable role in the success of various real-world applications, from smart healthcare to intelligent surveillance systems. In this new era of technology, one of these essential and useful applications is autonomous driving or self-driving cars. The idea of driverless vehicles was introduced many years ago when autopilot systems were designed for airplanes. However, over the past few years, there have been incredible advances in autonomous driving, thanks to new technologies in multimedia and artificial intelligence. In particular, multimedia research using a broad range of techniques such as machine learning, computer vision, audio processing, simulation systems, robotics, and big data has significantly enhanced and expedited the autonomous driving technology over time. In addition to the main applications of self-driving cars such as autonomous delivery vehicles, taxis, and freight trucks, the autonomous driving technology can provide many opportunities in military, constructions, healthcare, and emergency management. Despite the effectiveness and efficiency that self-driving cars bring to the future of transportation, many challenges remain that need to be solved before fully-autonomous driving becomes a reality.
Inhalable SARS-CoV-2 Mimetic Particles Induce Pleiotropic Antigen Presentation (2022)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has caused over 5.5 million deaths worldwide, and viral mutants continue to ravage communities with limited access to injectable vaccines or high rates of vaccine hesitancy. Inhalable vaccines have the potential to address these distribution and compliance issues as they are less likely to require cold storage, avoid the use of needles, and can elicit localized immune responses with only a single dose. Alveolar macrophages represent attractive targets for inhalable vaccines as they are abundant within the lung mucosa (up to 95% of all immune cells) and are important mediators of mucosal immunity, and evidence suggests that they may be key cellular players in early Covid-19 pathogenesis. Here, we report inhalable coronavirus mimetic particles (CoMiP) designed to rapidly bind to, and be internalized by, alveolar macrophages to deliver nucleic acid-encoded viral antigens. Inspired by the SARS-CoV-2 virion structure, CoMiP carriers package nucleic acid cargo within an endosomolytic peptide envelope that is wrapped in a macrophage-targeting glycosaminoglycan coating. Through this design, CoMiP mimic several important features of the SARS-CoV-2 virion, particularly surface topography and macromolecular chemistry. As a result, CoMiP effect pleiotropic transfection of macrophages and lung epithelial cells in vitro with multiple antigen-encoding plasmids. In vivo immunization yields increased mucosal IgA levels within the respiratory tract of CoMiP vaccinated mice.
Trinaphthylamines as Robust Organic Materials for Two-Photon-Induced Fluorescence (2008)

The synthesis of a novel pi-conjugated trinaphthylamines series is described. These original push-pull octupolar systems exhibit large two-photon action cross section (sigma phi up to 510 GM) increased by a factor of 2-3 as compared to their triphenylamines analogues. This substantial improvement of the two-photon absorption properties is attributed to the stronger donor character of the trinaphthyl core.
Photorefractive nonlinear optics for optical computing (2002)

Photorefractive crystals such as BaTiO/sub 3/, LiNbO/sub 3/, SBN, BSO, GaAs, InP are efficient nonlinear optical media for the generation of phase conjugate waves, multi-wave mixing and the recording of dynamic holograms. Nonlinear optics using these materials offers unique capabilities in parallel processing of information. This paper discusses recent advances in optical computing using photorefractive nonlinear media. Specifically, we discuss our results on parallel matrix-matrix processors, and spectrally parallel logic operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chicken Ovalbumin Gene Fused to a Herpes Simplex Virus α Promoter and Linked to a Thymidine Kinase Gene Is Regulated Like a Viral Gene (1982)

We are describing a system for the introduction, selection, and expression of eucaryotic genes in higher eucaryotic cells. The carrier consisted of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) tk gene covalently linked to an HSV-1 alpha promoter directed away from the tk gene. In this study we fused to the alpha promoter the 5' transcribed noncoding sequences and the coding sequences of the chicken oviduct ovalbumin gene. Cells converted to the TK+ phenotype with this chimeric fragment produced an ovalbumin precursor which was processed and secreted into the extracellular fluid. The ovalbumin gene utilized the HSV-1 alpha promoter and was regulated as a viral gene inasmuch as inversion of the genomic DNA relative to the alpha promoter resulted in no ovalbumin synthesis, and production of ovalbumin was enhanced after superinfection with HSV-1. Synthesis of ovalbumin was not detected when cDNA was linked to the HSV-1 alpha promoter. The carrier system described in this study is suitable for introduction, selection, and expression of eucaryotic genes whose natural promoter is either weak or requires the presence of regulatory elements which may be absent from undifferentiated cells in culture.
E‐shopping in a multiple channel environment (2002)

In the present study, the authors propose a segmentation schema based on patterns of e‐browsing and e‐purchasing. We examine self‐reports of browsing and purchasing using five specific non‐store channels: the Internet, television infomercials, advertising that accompanies regular television programming, television shopping channels, and print catalogs. Our findings indicate that shoppers who browse and/or purchase on the Internet differ in their use of multi‐channel options related to their perceptions of convenience. Some shoppers clearly want to purchase in the store setting and reject multiple forms of non‐store shopping. Others like to browse various non‐store media and have extended their browsing to the Internet, yet maintain their loyalty to in‐store purchases. Retailers who attempt to “convert” such shoppers to Internet‐only purchasing may alienate the shoppers who rely on the Internet solely for information.
Subpicosecond photoconducting dipole antennas (1988)

Photoconducting antennas have been demonstrated which are capable of generating and coherently detecting subpicosecond electrical pulses. These antennas, when illuminated with femtosecond optical pulses, radiate electrical pulses which have frequency spectra that extend from <100 GHz to >2 THz. Microscope dipoles measuring 50, 100, and 200 mu m have been fabricated and tested. Integrated photoconductors of radiation-damaged silicon-on-sapphire were used both for impulsive current excitation of the transmitting antennas as well as for gating the receiving antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic structure of high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconductors from soft-x-ray absorption (1988)

A series of high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors was studied using soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the $\mathrm{Cu}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I},\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}}$ thresholds. From a comparison with CuO and NaCu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, it is shown that these superconductors contain mostly ${3d}^{9}$ and ${3d}^{9}\mathit{L}$ ($\mathit{L}=\mathrm{oxygen}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{ligand}\mathrm{ }\mathrm{hole}$) configurations in the ground state, with negligible amounts of $\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{III}) {3d}^{8}$. The spectral weights of the ${3d}^{9}\mathit{L}$ components are found to be higher for the Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$-type superconductors than for the ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$-derived compounds and exceed the values expected from oxygen stoichiometry.
Contemporary ultrasonic signal processing approaches for nondestructive evaluation of multilayered structures (2011)

Various signal processing techniques have been used for the enhancement of defect detection and defect characterisation. Cross-correlation, filtering, autoregressive analysis, deconvolution, neural network, wavelet transform and sparse signal representations have all been applied in attempts to analyse ultrasonic signals. In ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications, a large number of materials have multilayered structures. NDE of multilayered structures leads to some specific problems, such as penetration, echo overlap, high attenuation and low signal-to-noise ratio. The signals recorded from a multilayered structure are a class of very special signals comprised of limited echoes. Such signals can be assumed to have a sparse representation in a proper signal dictionary. Recently, a number of digital signal processing techniques have been developed by exploiting the sparse constraint. This paper presents a review of research to date, showing the up-to-date developments of signal processing techniques made in ultrasonic NDE. A few typical ultrasonic signal processing techniques used for NDE of multilayered structures are elaborated. The practical applications and limitations of different signal processing methods in ultrasonic NDE of multilayered structures are analysed.
Phospholipid Metabolite 1-Palmitoyl-Lysophosphatidylcholine Enhances Human <i>Ether-a-Go-Go</i> -Related Gene (HERG) K <sup>+</sup> Channel Function (2001)

Our results indicate that apart from being a well-recognized target for drug inhibition, I(HERG) can also be enhanced by natural substances. An increase in I(HERG) by Pal-LPC may contribute to K(+) loss, abnormal electrophysiology, and arrhythmia occurrence in the ischemic heart.
3D Body Scanning: Towards Shared Protocols for Data Collection (2016)

Currently, there are no public, universal or easily applied protocols for capturing body scan data, which may result in discrepancies in the captured scan data; a series issue in a scientific field. This paper presents a step-by-step process that forms the basic procedure for capturing, storing, processing, and using body scan data based on that currently used at The University of Manchester. Here, the entire scan capturing protocol is explained from recruitment through to the scan process itself and final following up on the participant post-scanning. This process has allowed the Apparel Design Engineering cluster within the School of Materials to increase the repeatability, accuracy, and professionalism of their work in 3D Body Scan research, with the intention to disseminate this protocol throughout research and industry.
Phylogenetic Analyses of Nuclear, Mitochondrial, and Plastid Multigene Data Sets Support the Placement of Mesostigma in the Streptophyta (2006)

All extant green plants belong to 1 of 2 major lineages, commonly known as the Chlorophyta (most of the green algae) and the Streptophyta (land plants and their closest green algal relatives). The scaly green flagellate Mesostigma viride has an important place in the debate on the origin of green plants. However, there have been conflicting results from molecular systematics as to whether Mesostigma diverges before the Chlorophyta/Streptophyta split or is an early diverging flagellate member of the Streptophyta. Previous studies employed either a limited taxon sampling (plastid and mitochondrial genomes) or a small number of phylogenetically informative sites (single nuclear genes). Here, we use large data sets from the nuclear (125 proteins; 29,319 positions), mitochondrial (33 proteins; 6,622 positions), and plastid (50 proteins; 10,137 positions) genomes with an expanded taxon sampling (21, 13, and 28 species, respectively) to reevaluate the phylogenetic position of Mesostigma. Our study supports the placement of Mesostigma in the Streptophyta (as an early diverging lineage) and provides evidence that systematic biases have played a role in generating some of the previous conflicting results. Importantly, we demonstrate that using an increased taxon sampling as well as more realistic models of evolution allows increasing congruence among the nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid data sets.
Broad activation of the olfactory bulb produces long-lasting changes in odor perception (2006)

A number of electrophysiological experiments have shown that odor exposure alone, unaccompanied by behavioral training, changes the response patterns of neurons in the olfactory bulb. As a consequence of these changes, across mitral cells in the olfactory bulb, individual odors should be better discriminated because of previous exposure. We have previously shown that a daily 2-h exposure to odorants during 2 weeks enhances rats' ability to discriminate between chemically similar odorants. Here, we first show that the perception of test odorants is only modulated by enrichment with odorants that activate at least partially overlapping regions of the olfactory bulb. Second, we show that a broad activation of olfactory bulb neurons by daily local infusion of NMDA into both olfactory bulbs enhances the discrimination between chemically related odorants in a manner similar to the effect of daily exposure to odorants. Computational modeling of the olfactory bulb suggests that activity-dependent plasticity in the olfactory bulb can support the observed modulation in olfactory discrimination capability by enhancing contrast and synchronization in the olfactory bulb. Last, we show that blockade of NMDA receptors in the olfactory bulb impairs the effects of daily enrichment, suggesting that NMDA-dependent plasticity is involved in the changes in olfactory processing observed here.
Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Novel Potent Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase Inhibitors Derived from a 5α,14α-Androstane Scaffold as Positive Inotropic Compounds (2003)

The design, synthesis, and biological properties of novel inhibitors of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase as potential positive inotropic compounds are reported. Following our model of superposition between cassaine and digitoxigenin, digitalis-like activity has been elicited from a non-digitalis steroidal structure by suitable modifications of the 5alpha,14alpha-androstane skeleton. The strong hydrophobic interaction of the digitalis or cassaine polycyclic cores can be effectively obtained with the androstane skeleton taken in a reversed orientation. Thus, oxidation of C-6 and introduction in the C-3 position of the potent pharmacophoric group recently introduced by us, in the 17 position of the digitalis skeleton, namely, O-(omega-aminoalkyl)oxime, led to a series of substituted androstanes able to inhibit the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, most of them with an IC(50) in the low micromolar level, and to induce a positive inotropic effect in guinea pig. Within this series, androstane-3,6,17-trione (E,Z)-3-(2-aminoethyl)oxime (22b, PST 2744) induced a strong positive inotropic effect while being less arrhythmogenic than digoxin, when the two compounds were compared at equiinotropic doses.
Dietary Fat Content Modifies Liver Fat in Overweight Nondiabetic Subjects (2005)

These data suggest that the amount of dietary fat influences liver fat content.
Regiospecific synthesis of homoallylic alcohols from tosylhydrazones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiospecific synthesis of homoallylic alcohols from tosylhydrazonesMichael F. Lipton and Robert H. ShapiroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 7, 1409–1413Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00401a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00401a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct optical characterisation of DFB lasers for CPFSK system applications (1989)

We present a new optical characterisation method for single-frequency lasers that are to be applied in Gbit/s CPFSK systems. We use optical delay-demodulation to allow easy matching of the demodulator delay over a wide range of values. We show, for a particular device, that when used in a 2·4 Gbit/s CPFSK system, the modulation index must be larger than 1·0 to obtain a bit error rate below 10−11. With a modulation index of 1·5, bit error rates below 5 × 10−13 have been measured.
Creation of Cellobiose and Xylooligosaccharides-Coutilizing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Displaying both β-Glucosidase and β-Xylosidase on Its Cell Surface (2013)

We demonstrated direct utilization of xylooligosaccharides using β-xylosidase-displaying Escherichia coli. After screening active β-xylosidases, BSU17580 from Bacillus subtilis or Tfu1616 from Thermobifida fusca YX, were successfully displayed on the E. coli cell surface using Blc or HdeD as anchor proteins, and these transformants directly assimilated xylooligosaccharides as a carbon source. The final OD 600 in minimal medium containing 2% xylooligosaccharides was 1.09 (after 12 h of cultivation) and 1.30 (after 40 h of cultivation). We then constructed an E. coli strain displaying both β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase. β-glucosidase- and β-xylosidase-displaying E. coli was successfully grown on a 1% cellobiose and 1% xylooligosaccharides mixture, and the OD 600 was 1.76 after 10 h of cultivation, which was higher and reached faster than that grown on a glucose/xylose mixture (1.20 after 30 h of cultivation).
Controlled and scalable torsional actuation of twisted nylon 6 fiber (2016)

Large-scale torsional actuation occurs in twisted fibers and yarns as a result of volume change induced electrochemically, thermally, photonically, and other means. A quantitative relationship between torsional actuation (stroke and torque) and volume change is here introduced. The analysis is based on experimental investigation of the effects of fiber diameter and inserted twist on the torsional stroke and torque measured when heating and cooling nylon 6 fibers over the temperature range of 26–62 °C. The results show that the torsional stroke depends only on the amount of twist inserted into the fiber and is independent of fiber diameter. The torque generated is larger in fibers with more inserted twist and with larger diameters. These results are successfully modeled using a single-helix approximation of the twisted fiber structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1278–1286
Courts and elections in Asia (2016)

A survey of the ten Asian jurisdictions under study herein illuminates an interesting phenomenon. In states like Malaysia and Singapore where a dominant party or coalition is in control, their courts perform their supervisory functions of the democratic process, but they only operate at the fringes of the country’s political life. On the other hand, in dynamic democracies where there have been extended periods of competing political parties taking turns in office, their courts play a more central role in democratic consolidation. Such courts, as those found in Indonesia, South Korea, and Taiwan would ameliorate systemic inequalities in electoral systems and provide constitutional redress for vulnerable or unpopular groups that have been excluded from the voting process. But even then, successful courts in these dynamic democracies would attempt to be neutral arbiters between rivalling political parties and steer clear of overturning key electoral results or removing key politicians. Finally, for Asian courts that get too close to the ‘live wire of electoral politics’ and become partisan tools that assist one political camp to dislodge its rivals, as the Constitutional Court in Thailand did, their actions would only accelerate a political crisis that may send the country over the constitutional cliff. In fragile or unstable democracies, where the country oscillates regularly between military rule and civilian governments, prudent judges may prefer to insulate the courts against political attacks rather than engage in strong-form judicial review.
Evaluation of the discriminative stimulus effects of venlafaxine, a potential antidepressant, in rhesus monkeys (1992)

Abstract The discriminative stimulus effects of the novel antidepressant venlafaxine were examined in rhesus monkeys. Separate groups of monkeys discriminated either 0.56 or 1.0 mg/kg (i.g.) d ‐amphetamine (N = 3) or 10 mg/kg (i.g.) pentobarbital (N = 4) from saline, in a discrete‐trials shock avoidance/escape paradigm. In d ‐amphetamine‐trained monkeys, 10–17 mg/kg venlafaxine occasioned only saline‐appropriate responding and had minimal effect on response latency in alll monkeys. The highest dose of venlafaxine tested (30 mg/kg) occasioned at least 95% d ‐amphetamine‐lever responding in two of three monkeys. Following this dose, the average latency to respond after the onset of a trial increased substantially in both monkeys; in one monkey avoidance responding was disrupted and shocks were occasionally received. In the third monkey, 30 mg/kg venlafaxine occasioned only saline‐lever responding and had no effect on response latency. In pentobarbital‐trained monkeys, venlafaxine (3.0–30 mg/kg) occasioned primarily saline‐lever responding and these doses had minimal effects on response latency. In general, venlafaxine was more potent in d ‐amphetamine‐trained monkeys than in pentobarbital‐trained monkeys in its effects on response latency. Drug discrimination procedures in animals have been shown to differentiate compunds in a manner that is consistent with their subjective effects. Thus, result from the present experiment suggest that venlafaxine may produce subjective effects similar to d ‐amphetamine in some individuals, but only at high doses.
<i>C. elegans</i>: model host and tool for antimicrobial drug discovery (2011)

For almost four decades, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been of great value in many fields of biological research. It is now used extensively in studies of microbial pathogenesis and innate immunity. The worm lacks an adaptive immune system and relies solely on its innate immune defences to cope with pathogen attack. Infectious microbes, many of which are of clinical interest, trigger specific mechanisms of innate immunity, and provoke the expression of antifungal or antibacterial polypeptides. In this review, we highlight some of these families of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins that are candidates for the development of novel antibiotics. In addition, we describe how systems of C. elegans infection provide an increasing number of possibilities for large-scale in vivo screens for the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. These systems open promising perspectives for innovative human therapies.