gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ADMM Projective Dynamics: Fast Simulation of Hyperelastic Models with Dynamic Constraints (2017)

We apply the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) optimization algorithm to implicit time integration of elastic bodies, and show that the resulting method closely relates to the recently proposed projective dynamics algorithm. However, as ADMM is a general purpose optimization algorithm applicable to a broad range of objective functions, it permits the use of nonlinear constitutive models and hard constraints while retaining the speed, parallelizability, and robustness of projective dynamics. We further extend the algorithm to improve the handling of dynamically changing constraints such as sliding and contact, while maintaining the benefits of a constant, prefactored system matrix. We demonstrate the benefits of our algorithm on several examples that include cloth, collisions, and volumetric deformable bodies with nonlinear elasticity and skin sliding effects.
SPOT: A smartphone-based platform to tackle heterogeneity in smart-home IoT systems (2016)

The recent advancements of IoT technologies, including broad penetration of Internet-connected smart appliances such as remotely controllable LED lights, thermostats, have changed the way we interact with the appliances in our homes and perform our daily activities. However, the significant heterogeneity in the emerging IoT devices has led to fragmented smart-home systems in which each single appliance vendor provides proprietary solution for appliance specific connectivity and user experience. To address this challenge, we present SPOT, a smartphone-based platform for multi-vendor smart-home appliances. SPOT consists of several novel mechanisms, including open device driver models using XML, which allow vendor-independent, user-driven device driver implementation and unified appliance control. To validate the flexibility and generality of our approach, we have built a SPOT prototype on Android platform that supports 8 real IoT devices in the market from different vendors.
Highly Conductive Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Electronic Box: Out-Of-Autoclave Manufacturing for Space Applications (2018)

One of the main advantages of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) electronic housings, when compared with traditionally used aluminum ones, is the potential for mass savings. In recent years, the power consumption of electronics has been growing, resulting in the need for higher thermal dissipation of electronic housings, requiring the use of highly thermally conductive materials. In this work, the manufacturing of a highly conductive CFRP electronic housing is reported. With a view to reducing total energy costs on manufacturing, an out-of-the autoclave manufacturing process was followed. Due to the inherent low thermal conductivity of typical raw materials for composite materials, strategies were evaluated to increase its value by changing the components used. The use of pitch-based carbon fibers was found to be a very promising solution. In addition, structural, thermal and manufacturing simulations were produced in the design phase. Improved performance was demonstrated from materials manufacturing to final breadboard testing. The results indicate potential gains of around 23% in mass reduction when compared to conventional aluminum electronic boxes. Moreover, the proposed design and the manufactured breadboard showed good compliance with mechanical and electrical requirements for spacecraft structures. The thermal balance results showed a performance slightly below to what would be expected from the detailed design.
The role of the organ microenvironment in the biology and therapy of cancer metastasis (2006)

By the time of diagnosis, primary neoplasms are biologically heterogeneous and contain subpopulations of cells with different metastatic potentials. The pathogenesis of a metastasis consists of many sequential steps that must be completed to produce clinically relevant lesions. During any of these steps, tumor cells interact with host factors in the microenvironment that the tumor cells can usurp. Treatment of metastasis can be directed against tumor cells and/or microenvironmental factors that support tumor growth, such as tumor-associated blood vessels.
Photon splitting for fluorescent lighting (1999)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPhoton splitting for fluorescent lightingMAUREEN ROUHICite this: Chem. Eng. News 1999, 77, 6, 37Publication Date (Print):February 8, 1999Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 8 February 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n006.p037Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (300 KB) SUBJECTS:Electromagnetic radiation,Fluorescence Get e-Alerts
LMP-1, A LIM-Domain Protein, Mediates BMP-6 Effects on Bone Formation (1998)

Glucocorticoids can promote osteoblast differentiation from fetal calvarial cells and bone marrow stromal cells. We recently reported that glucocorticoid specifically induced bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6), a glycoprotein signaling molecule that is a multifunctional regulator of vertebrate development. In the present study, we used fetal rat secondary calvarial cultures to determine genes induced during early osteoblast differentiation as initiated by glucocorticoid treatment. Glucocorticoid, and subsequently BMP-6, was found to induce a novel rat intracellular protein, LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1), that in turn resulted in synthesis of one or more soluble factors that could induce de novo bone formation. Blocking expression of LMP-1 using antisense oligonucleotide prevented osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Overexpression of LMP-1 using a mammalian expression vector was sufficient to initiate de novo bone nodule formation in vitro and in sc implants in vivo. These data demonstrate that LMP-1 is an essential positive regulator of the osteoblast differentiation program as well as an important intermediate step in the BMP-6 signaling pathway.
ADSORPTION OF PROTEINS ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON AND PHENOLIC RESIN (1982)

Adsorption of BSA lysozyme and mixture of the two proteins from aqueous solution onto activated carbon and adsorption of BSA onto phenolic resin has been studied to develop design parameters for protein adsorption and to evaluate the effective diffusivity of the proteins. The findings then are used as the theoretical basis for the study of processes such as enzyme immobilization and removal of proteinaceous material from corn syrup. The effects of pH, buffer concentration and temperature are investigated for each adsorption process. The adsorption of proteins onto both adsorbents was found to be irreversible in nature through desorption study and isotherm development. The adsorption maximum is near the isoelectric point of protein regardless of the type of adsorbent used. The carbon seemed to have the same adsorption capacity for BSA and lysozyme; being 26 mg/g carbon and 27 mg/g carbon, respectively. One possible explanation is to include a steric argument in monolayer adsorption model. The correspondent occupied surface area is 10.4 m('2)/g carbon for BSA and 13.2 m('2)/g carbon for lysozyme. More protein was adsorbed on phenolic resin; the adsorption capacity was 340 mg/g resin. The calculated capacity of resin for lactase was 1.8 g/g and the capacity of carbon for corn syrup protein is 4.6 mg/g assuming that surface coverage is the same as the model protein. The rate of protein adsorption onto porous material was found to be controlled by the pore diffusion process and the effective diffusion coefficient was evaluated with the shrinking core model. In general, there is little difference between the effective diffusion coefficients calculated using infinite-bath approach and finite-bath approach. In the proteins/carbon system, the effective diffusivity was about 1/17 of the bulk diffusivity; in the BSA/resin system, the effective diffusion coefficient was about 1/135 of the bulk. The effect of temperature on the effective diffusivity can be described by Stokes-Einstein equation. The knowledge of the pure protein adsorption was combined with the molecular weight of interested proteins to successfully predict the adsorption capacity of adsorbent and the effective diffusivity of the proteins in the adsorbent for lactase immobilization and corn syrup removal.
Perflubron Emulsion Delays Blood Transfusions in Orthopedic Surgery  (1999)

Perflubron emulsion (1.8 g/kg) combined with 100% oxygen ventilation is more effective than autologous blood or colloid infusion in reversing physiologic transfusion triggers.
Biochemical and Clinical Effects of Ethane-1-Hydroxy-1,1-Diphosphonate in Calcium Nephrolithiasis (1978)

1. The short- and longer-term effects of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP), an inhibitor of crystal growth and potential preventive agent against urinary tract stones in man, have been studied. 2. Measurement of urinary excretion of EHDP was used to define the best dosage regimen. When 4·4 mmol of EHDP was given daily in four divided doses the urinary concentration of EHDP achieved was high enough (10−5 mol/l) to inhibit the crystallization of calcium crystals throughout the day. 3. Nine patients with recurrent calcium stones were given this dose of EHDP daily for 12 months and seven were then studied for a further 12 months under placebo. During treatment with EHDP, inhibitory activity in urine towards precipitation of calcium phosphate was restored from low values to greatly above normal. This could be accounted for by the inhibitory effect of EHDP itself, coupled with an increase in urinary inorganic pyrophosphate. After stopping EHDP the excretion of EHDP rapidly fell to undetectable levels but the excretion of pyrophosphate remained elevated throughout the 12 months of placebo treatment. EHDP also induced a rise in plasma phosphate and an increase in the urinary excretion of oxalic acid and uric acid, but these changes were all fully reversible when EHDP was stopped. 4. The average rate of stone formation per patient per year decreased from 2·4 to 0·2 during treatment with EHDP and remained low during the following 24 months. However, the dose needed for this effect is known to affect bone turnover and mineralization.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Apical Junctional Complex (2006)

A critical function of the intestinal mucosa is to form a barrier that separates luminal contents from the underlying interstitium. This intestinal barrier is primarily regulated by the apical junctional complex (AJC) consisting of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) and is compromised in a number of intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In vitro studies have demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), that are increased in the intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD can induce a leaky mucosal barrier. There is a growing evidence that the increased permeability and altered AJC structure observed in IBD are mediated by internalization of junctional proteins. This review summarizes barrier defects observed in IBD and addresses mechanisms by which proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, modulate AJC structure and epithelial barrier function.
The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks (1991)

The effects of polysaccharides and tannins present in the hulls of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid were studied in poultry. A control diet without hulls and the same diet substituted with 400 g hulls/kg diet from three different varieties of beans were fed to 3-week-old chicks for 4 d. Digestibility coefficients for amino acids, starch and lipid were calculated from measurements made of these nutrients in the diets and the freeze-dried excreta with the aid of titanium dioxide as a marker. Activities of trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in digesta removed from the upper jejunum, sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) in the gut mucosa from the upper jejunum, and alpha-amylase and lipase in the pancreas were measured. The hulls were analysed for their polysaccharide and tannin contents. Results showed that the hulls were mostly carbohydrate in composition, with cellulose the predominant polysaccharide. Tannins present in the hulls of two coloured-flowering varieties (Brunette and Minica) were of the condensed type. The diet with tannin-free hulls (white-flowering variety Medes) lowered slightly the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid compared with the control diet. This effect was believed to be due to inhibition of digestive enzymes, possibly through their adsorption onto the hulls. Diets with tannin-rich hulls (varieties Brunette and Minica) caused a large reduction in the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid compared with the control diet mainly due to inactivation of digestive enzymes by the formation of tannin-enzyme complexes in the digestive tract. Enzyme activities could be partially restored by the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone to the digesta. Tannins inactivated trypsin the most, alpha-amylase to a lesser extent and lipase the least and as a consequence lowered the digestion of amino acids the most, starch to a lesser extent and lipid the least. Tannins did not induce an increased pancreatic production of digestive enzymes, nor did they affect activity of jejunum mucosal sucrase. Condensed tannins from Brunette and Minica hulls were partially extractable in methanol alone, but required acidic methanol for fuller extraction. The vanillin:anthocyanidin ratio suggested that tannins were polymerized to the same degree in the Brunette and Minica varieties, both in the methanol and acidic methanol extracts. Hulls from the variety Minica contained a greater amount of methanol-extractable tannins, the quantity of remaining tannins that required acidic methanol for extraction being the same for both varieties.
MEMS-Based Frequency Switchable Microstrip Patch Antenna Fabricated Using Printed Circuit Processing Techniques (2006)

This letter reports a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based electrostatically actuated frequency switchable microstrip patch antenna fabricated on Kapton polyimide film using printed circuit processing techniques. A 6 $times$ 6-mm microstrip patch antenna with resonant frequency switchable from 18.34 GHz at 0-V bias to 17.95 GHz at 268-V bias is discussed. The return loss is 40.6 dB and 20.1 dB at 18.34 and 17.95 GHz, respectively. The bandwidth of the antenna is about 0.9 GHz for return loss better than 10 dB in both states.
Latin America, 1944 (1944)

Analysis of U.S. policy in the region
Two-View and Single-View Tomosynthesis versus Full-Field Digital Mammography: High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging Observer Study (2012)

Two-view tomosynthesis outperforms 2D mammography but only for readers with the least experience. The benefits were seen for both masses and microcalcification. No differences in classification accuracy was seen between and 2D mammography and single-view tomosynthesis.
Prometheus (2014)

Cellular network operators are now expected to maintain a good Quality of Experience (QoE) for many services beyond circuit-switched voice and messaging. However, new smart-phone "app" services, such as Over The Top (OTT) video delivery, are not under an operator's control. Furthermore, complex interactions between network protocol layers make it challenging for operators to understand how network-level parameters (e.g., inactivity timers, handover thresholds, middle boxes) will influence a specific app's QoE. This paper takes a first step to address these challenges by presenting a novel approach to estimate app QoE using passive network measurements. Our approach uses machine learning to obtain a function that relates passive measurements to an app's QoE. In contrast to previous approaches, our approach does not require any control over app services or domain knowledge about how an app's network traffic relates to QoE. We implemented our approach in Prometheus, a prototype system in a large U.S. cellular operator. We show with anonymous data that Prometheus can measure the QoE of real video-on-demand and VoIP apps with over 80% accuracy, which is close to or exceeds the accuracy of approaches suggested by domain experts.
Ideal Graphene/Silicon Schottky Junction Diodes (2014)

The proper understanding of semiconductor devices begins at the metal-semiconductor interface. The metal/semiconductor interface itself can also be an important device, as Schottky junctions often forms when the doping in the semiconductors is low. Here, we extend the analysis of metal-silicon Schottky junctions by using graphene, an atomically thin semimetal. We show that a fundamentally new transport model is needed to describe the graphene-silicon Schottky junction. While the current-voltage behavior follows the celebrated ideal diode behavior, the details of the diode characteristics is best characterized by the Landauer transport formalism, suggesting that the injection rate from graphene ultimately determines the transport properties of this new Schottky junction.
A verifiable protection system (1975)

This paper reports on the design and implementation of the UCLA Virtual Machine System, a multiuser operating system base that has been developed to provide ultra high reliability protection and security. Details are presented of the UCLA-VM system, a prototype of which now exists. Concepts which have influenced its structure are discussed, including program verification, security kernels, virtual machines, virtual memory, and the need for flexible information sharing facilities. A new mechanism, capability faulting, is developed in order to remove much of the virtual memory support from the security kernel. Flexible, reliable control of sharing is obtained by extensions to several of these concepts, especially through the use of levels of kernels.
Minireview: Delivering the Code: Polyplex Carriers for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Ribonucleic Acid Interference Therapies (2009)

Nucleic acid-based therapies offer great potential for treatment of a variety of diseases including cancer by modulating protein expression with DNA or small interfering RNA. However, realization of their full therapeutic potential is currently limited due to an inability to reach the target site in an active form. Identification of delivery barriers such as stability in circulation, resistance to degradation and entrapment in subcellular vesicles has led to development of sophisticated multifunctional synthetic polymers for forming ionic complexes with nucleic acids and also providing performance-enhancing features. The most promising designs comprise features to help increase stability in circulation and also contain functionality to aid in endosome escape of nucleic acid cargo after cellular internalization.
Enzyme Amplifier Kinetics (1966)

Enzyme amplifier systems have been implicated in such diverse physiological phenomena as vision and blood coagulation. Such systems are considered from a general point of view and the concept of steady state gain of the enzyme amplifier is introduced. Expressions for the latter are obtained, and several of the main factors influencing gain are discussed. The effect of the duration of the activation on the characteristics of the response is discussed, and the influence of small changes in the rate constants on the steady state gain is considered.
Spectral analysis of highly aliased sea‐level signals (1998)

Observing high‐wavenumber ocean phenomena with a satellite altimeter generally calls for “along‐track” analyses of the data: measurements along a repeating satellite ground track are analyzed in a point‐by‐point fashion, as opposed to spatially averaging data over multiple tracks. The sea‐level aliasing problems encountered in such analyses can be especially challenging. For TOPEX/POSEIDON, all signals with frequency greater than 18 cycles per year (cpy), including both tidal and subdiurnal signals, are folded into the 0–18 cpy band. Because the tidal bands are wider than 18 cpy, residual tidal cusp energy, plus any subdiurnal energy, is capable of corrupting any low‐frequency signal of interest. The practical consequences of this are explored here by using real sea‐level measurements from conventional tide gauges, for which the true oceanographic spectrum is known and to which a simulated “satellite‐measured” spectrum, based on coarsely subsampled data, may be compared. At many locations the spectrum is sufficently red that interannual frequencies remain unaffected. Intra‐annual frequencies, however, must be interpreted with greater caution, and even interannual frequencies can be corrupted if the spectrum is flat. The results also suggest that whenever tides must be estimated directly from the altimetry, response methods of analysis are preferable to harmonic methods, even in nonlinear regimes; this will remain so for the foreseeable future. We concentrate on three example tide gauges: two coastal stations on the Malay Peninsula where the closely aliased K 1 and Ssa tides are strong and at Canton Island where trapped equatorial waves are aliased.
Isolation of a bacteriophage specific for CS7-expressing strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (2009)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common bacterial cause of childhood diarrhoea in Bangladesh. Among the virulence factors of ETEC, toxins and colonization factors (CFs) play a major role in pathogenesis. Unlike Vibrio cholerae, the relationship between ETEC and ETEC-specific phages is poorly understood and the possible role of ETEC phages in the evolution of ETEC strains in the environment is yet to be established. This study was designed specifically to isolate phages that are specific for ETEC virulence factors. Among the 49 phages isolated from 12 different surface water samples, 13 were tested against 211 ETEC strains collected from clinical and environmental sources. One phage, designated IMM-001, showed a significant specificity towards CS7 CF as it attacked all the CS7-expressing ETEC. Electron microscopic analyses showed that the isolated phage possessed an isomeric hexagonal head and a long filamentous tail. An antibody blocking method and phage neutralization assay confirmed that CS7 pilus is required for the phage infection process, indicating the role of CS7 fimbrial protein as a potential receptor for IMM-001. In summary, this study showed the presence of a lytic phage in environmental water that is specific for the CS7 CF of ETEC.