gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Herbicides on <i>Fusarium solani</i> f. sp. <i>glycines</i> and Development of Sudden Death Syndrome in Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean (2000)

ABSTRACT Sudden death syndrome of soybean, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, is a disease of increasing economic importance in the United States. Although the ecology of sudden death syndrome has been extensively studied in relation to crop management practices such as tillage, irrigation, and cultivar selection, there is no information on the effects of herbicides on this disease. Three herbicides (lactofen, glyphosate, and imazethapyr) commonly used in soybean were evaluated for their effects on the phenology of F. solani f. sp. glycines and the development of sudden death syndrome in four soybean cultivars varying in resistance to the disease and in tolerance to glyphosate. Conidial germination, mycelial growth, and sporulation in vitro were reduced by glyphosate and lactofen. In growth-chamber and greenhouse experiments, there was a significant increase in disease severity and frequency of isolation of F. solani f. sp. glycines from roots of all cultivars after application of imazethapyr or glyphosate compared with the control treatment (no herbicide applied). Conversely, disease severity and isolation frequency of F. solani f. sp. glycines decreased after application of lactofen. Across all herbicide treatments, severity of sudden death syndrome and isolation frequency were lower in disease-resistant than in susceptible cultivars. Results suggest that glyphosate-tolerant and -nontolerant cultivars respond similarly to infection by F. solani f. sp. glycines after herbicide application.
Parallel-slit analyzer developed for the purpose of lowering tails of diffraction profiles (1999)

A parallel-slit analyzer (PSA) has been developed for the purpose of lowering tails in diffraction profiles from powders and thin films. In the present work, four different materials were used for the foils: sintered and hot-pressed tungsten (W), cold-worked stainless steel (SUS), beryllium bronze (Cu 98 Be 2 ) and chemically surface-processed beryllium bronze (CuOx). The PSAs were tested in a parallel-beam geometry using Cu K α radiation collimated with a graded d -spacing parabolic multilayer mirror. The W and CuOx PSAs gave pseudo-Voigt profiles of ∼80% Gaussian in the direct-beam case. Textured and roughened surfaces of W and CuOx foils are considered effective for depressing total-reflection effects from the surfaces of the foil materials, and consequently for lowering the tails of diffraction peaks.
Photo-reception properties of common LEDs (2017)

The article proves that common LEDs may act as photodetectors with limited sensitivity, if they are polarized with an appropriate reverse voltage. The measured responsivities are ranged between 0.002 and 0.156 A/W and they depend on the LED type. The only one exception are white (phosphorescent) LEDs which do not exhibit any photosensitivity. There have also shown that a bandwidth of LEDs, which were examined in a role of photodetectors, is of a few tens of MHz, which is an order of magnitude greater than their modulation bandwidth as transmitters. The reasons of the observed LEDs behaviour are explained theoretically. The obtained results are indicated that some of them may be used as both transmitters and receivers in the VLC links working in a bi-directional half-duplex mode.
Epoxidation of partially norbornylized linseed oil (2002)

A new cycloaliphatic epoxide functionalized monomer was prepared from partially norbornylized linseed oil (Dilulin®). Epoxidation was accomplished using three different approaches: peracetic acid, dioxirane, and hydrogen peroxide. Dioxirane was generated from potassium peroxomonosulfate and acetone. Hydrogen peroxide was used with a quaternary ammonium tetrakis(diperoxotungsto) phosphate(3-) as an epoxidation catalyst. The epoxidation reactions were monitored by FT-IR, and the products were characterized using 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, FT-Raman, and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectroscopy. For all three approaches, the effect of reaction time, temperature, catalyst concentration, and pH was investigated. Out of the three approaches, the hydrogen peroxide epoxidation was preferred on the basis of yield and ease of purification. The kinetic data were obtained only for the hydrogen peroxide approach. The reaction was found to be first-order with respect to the alkene double bond and 1.4th-order with respect to the catalyst. ln kap2 versus 1/T for the epoxidation reaction using H2O2 as epoxidation reagent.
Speckle Reduction with Improved Resolution in Ultrasound Images (1985)

La composition spatiale et la composition frequentielle c'est-a-dire l'observation d'une cible a partir de differents lieux dans l'espace ou avec differentes frequences et en combinant les echos independant statistiquement pour produire une image composee ont ete utilisees pour reduire l'effet de speckle. Amelioration du rapport signal sur bruit mais reduction de la resolution. On compose alors avec des signaux correles spatialement c'est-a-dire des faisceaux se recouvrant pour la composition spatiale ou des bandes passantes se recouvrant pour la composition frequentielle
Voltage-gated channels formed in lipid bilayers by a positively charged segment of the Na-channel polypeptide. (1989)

The Na-channel polypeptide is responsible for the voltage-gated and time-dependent ionic permeability changes that give rise to the action potential in the membranes of nerve cells. We have synthesized a 22-amino acid peptide with a sequence identical to that of the segment named S4, repeat IV of the primary structure of the Na channel. We have found that this peptide induces a voltage- and time-dependent conductance in bilayers formed by a mixture of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. This conductance is activated when the cis side is made positive, with an apparent gating charge of 3. The results are consistent with the idea that this segment plays a role in determining the voltage sensitivity of the Na channel.
Novel Encoder and Correlator for Optical Code Division Multiple Access Networks (2006)

A novel structure that encodes and decodes very high speed optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) signals is proposed. This scheme is based on the analogy between the distributed amplifier and the transversal filter. By simple adjustments, the proposed device acts as a high-speed (>40 GChip/s) encoder (transmitter) or correlator (receiver). Theoretical analysis and potential implementation using MMIC HEMT foundry process are presented
Octreotide-functionalized and resveratrol-loaded unimolecular micelles for targeted neuroendocrine cancer therapy (2013)

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) that is often resistant to standard therapies. Resveratrol suppresses MTC growth in vitro, but it has low bioavailability in vivo due to its poor water solubility and rapid metabolic breakdown, as well as lack of tumor-targeting ability. A novel unimolecular micelle based on a hyperbranched amphiphilic block copolymer was designed, synthesized, and characterized for NET-targeted delivery. The hyperbranched amphiphilic block copolymer consisted of a dendritic Boltorn® H40 core, a hydrophobic poly(l-lactide) (PLA) inner shell, and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) outer shell. Octreotide (OCT), a peptide that shows strong binding affinity to somatostatin receptors, which are overexpressed on NET cells, was used as the targeting ligand. Resveratrol was physically encapsulated by the micelle with a drug loading content of 12.1%. The unimolecular micelles exhibited a uniform size distribution and spherical morphology, which were determined by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cellular uptake, cellular proliferation, and Western blot analyses demonstrated that the resveratrol-loaded OCT-targeted micelles suppressed growth more effectively than non-targeted micelles. Moreover, resveratrol-loaded NET-targeted micelles affected MTC cells similarly to free resveratrol in vitro, with equal growth suppression and reduction in NET marker production. These results suggest that the H40-based unimolecular micelle may offer a promising approach for targeted NET therapy.
Dicing of Thin Si Wafers with a Picosecond Laser Ablation Process (2013)

These days most common way to produce electrical components like LEDs, solar cells or transistors is a batch process. Therefore a lot of identical components are processed parallel on one big wafer and eventually each chip has to be singulated. Currently two dicing technologies have established themselves, which can be devided in mechanical blade sawing and laser based processes with nanosecond lasers. In contrast to these technologies, laser dicing with picosecond lasers offers fundamental advantages like smaller kerf width and marginal heat effected zones. In this paper the cutting process of Si wafers with ps lasers is investigated with regard to optimized process parameters like pulse energy, polarization and overlap.
Airborne topographic lidar mapping for coastal science and resource management (2001)

Figure 5b.
Modeling and characterization of inflammatory breast cancer emboli grown <i>in vitro</i> (2012)

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the deadliest form of breast cancer, presenting as intralymphatic emboli. Emboli within the dermal lymphatic vessels are thought to contribute to rapid metastasis. The lack of appropriate in vitro models has made it difficult to accurately study how IBC emboli metastasize. To date, attempts at creating IBC tumor emboli in vitro have used 3D culture on a solid layer of Matrigel(TM) , which does not resemble the physical properties of the lymphatic system. Dermal lymphatic fluid produces oscillatory fluid shear forces and is 1.5-1.7-fold more viscous than water with a pH range of 7.5-7.7. We have established a method for forming tumor emboli by culturing the IBC cell lines in suspension with either polyethylene glycol- or hyaluronic acid-containing medium and oscillatory fluid shear forces. Non-IBC cells do not form emboli under identical conditions. In vitro IBC emboli were analyzed for expression of markers associated with patient emboli and their ability to undergo invasion. In a direct comparison, the in vitro IBC emboli closely resemble IBC patient emboli with respect to size, composition and E-cadherin expression. Further, cells from the emboli are able to invade in clusters via RhoC GTPase-dependent amoeboid movement. Invasion by clusters of IBC cells is disrupted by exposure to TGFβ. This study provides a biologically relevant in vitro model to accurately grow and study inflammatory breast cancer biology and metastasis.
Manufacturing techniques for complex shapes with submicron accuracy (1990)

In the introduction, applications of parts with submicron accuracy are shown. The demands with regard to the accuracy of these parts are discussed. The main characteristics of various precision-machining processes are outlined. Specific advantages and problems associated with these processes are indicated. Different aspects of part accuracy and surface quality are treated in more detail. Many parts with submicron accuracy have an optical function, and special attention is paid to the requirements with regard to form accuracy and roughness of optical elements. A distinction is made between machine- and process-related problems. The machining operation is introduced as an overall system containing the machine and process as interacting subsystems. The author also discusses techniques used to minimise machine-related part errors in the design of precision machine tools. The sensitivity of various processes to particular types of machine- and environment-induced disturbances is outlined. Developments in the investigations of material removal mechanisms are described. These include the mechanical modes of material removal on which diamond turning, grinding and polishing (to some extent) are based as well as the basic chemical phenomena in processes involving etching. After these descriptions of the machine and process aspects, the influence of the interaction between these subsystems on the surface quality is outlined. The emphasis is on the coupled dynamic behaviour in diamond turning and grinding. The author concludes with an 'executive summary' outlining the areas in which significant progress has been made in recent years and the main unresolved problems.
Parallel Computer Technology - A Solution for Automobiles? (2009)

This paper gives a short overview of the information technology in today’s car electronics and software components, with main focus on the dramatically increasing intra-car-communication and the accumulative number of electronic control units due to the complexity of current new applications, e.g., the very new semi-autonomous car driving. It is shown how the car industry can learn from parallel computing technologies for succeeding their new upcoming challenges in the close future.
Enantioselective α-Alkenylation of Aldehydes with Boronic Acids via the Synergistic Combination of Copper(II) and Amine Catalysis (2013)

The enantioselective α-alkenylation of aldehydes has been accomplished using boronic acids via the synergistic combination of copper and chiral amine catalysis. The merger of two highly utilized and robust catalytic systems has allowed for the development of a mild and operationally trivial protocol for the direct formation of α-formyl olefins employing common building blocks for organic synthesis.
Sparsely Precomputing The Light Transport Matrix for Real‐Time Rendering (2010)

Abstract Precomputation‐based methods have enabled real‐time rendering with natural illumination, all‐frequency shadows, and global illumination. However, a major bottleneck is the precomputation time, that can take hours to days. While the final real‐time data structures are typically heavily compressed with clustered principal component analysis and/or wavelets, a full light transport matrix still needs to be precomputed for a synthetic scene, often by exhaustive sampling and raytracing. This is expensive and makes rapid prototyping of new scenes prohibitive. In this paper, we show that the precomputation can be made much more efficient by adaptive and sparse sampling of light transport. We first select a small subset of “dense vertices”, where we sample the angular dimensions more completely (but still adaptively). The remaining “sparse vertices” require only a few angular samples, isolating features of the light transport. They can then be interpolated from nearby dense vertices using locally low rank approximations. We demonstrate sparse sampling and precomputation 5 × faster than previous methods.
Immunoaffinity screening with capillary electrochromatography (2002)

Highly efficient capillary electrochromatographic separations of cardiac glycosides and other steroids are presented. Employing butyl-derivatized silica particles as stationary phase resulted in a nearly three times faster electroosmotic flow (EOF) compared to capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with octadecyl silica particles. On-column focusing with a preconcentration factor of 180 was performed and separation efficiencies of up to 240,000 plates per meter were obtained. Using label-free standard UV absorbance, detection limits of 10-80 nM were reached for all steroids tested. For screening of cardiac glycosides, e.g., digoxin and digitoxin in mixtures of steroids, CEC was combined with immunoaffinity extraction using immobilized polyclonal anti-digoxigenin antibodies and F(ab) fragments. Simply adding small amounts of antibody carrying particles to the samples and comparing chromatograms before and after antibody addition allowed screening for high affinity antigens in mixtures with moderate numbers of compounds. Under conditions of competing antigens, affinity fingerprints of immobilized anti-digoxigenin and anti-digitoxin antibodies were obtained, reflecting the cross-reactivity of eleven steroids. The method provides high selectivity due to the combination of bioaffinity interaction with highly efficient CEC separation and UV detection at several wavelengths in parallel. This selectivity was exploited for the detection of four cardiac glycosides in submicromolar concentrations in an untreated urine sample.
A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Surface N-Glycoproteome Resource Reveals Markers, Extracellular Epitopes, and Drug Targets (2014)

Detailed knowledge of cell-surface proteins for isolating well-defined populations of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) would significantly enhance their characterization and translational potential. Through a chemoproteomic approach, we developed a cell-surface proteome inventory containing 496 N-linked glycoproteins on human embryonic (hESCs) and induced PSCs (hiPSCs). Against a backdrop of human fibroblasts and 50 other cell types, >100 surface proteins of interest for hPSCs were revealed. The >30 positive and negative markers verified here by orthogonal approaches provide experimental justification for the rational selection of pluripotency and lineage markers, epitopes for cell isolation, and reagents for the characterization of putative hiPSC lines. Comparative differences between the chemoproteomic-defined surfaceome and the transcriptome-predicted surfaceome directly led to the discovery that STF-31, a reported GLUT-1 inhibitor, is toxic to hPSCs and efficient for selective elimination of hPSCs from mixed cultures.
Elegant Gaussian beams for enhanced optical manipulation (2015)

Generation of micro- and nanostructured complex light beams attains increasing impact in photonics and laser applications. In this contribution, we demonstrate the implementation and experimental realization of the relatively unknown, but highly versatile class of complex-valued Elegant Hermite- and Laguerre-Gaussian beams. These beams create higher trapping forces compared to standard Gaussian light fields due to their propagation changing properties. We demonstrate optical trapping and alignment of complex functional particles as nanocontainers with standard and Elegant Gaussian light beams. Elegant Gaussian beams will inspire manifold applications in optical manipulation, direct laser writing, or microscopy, where the design of the point-spread function is relevant.
Improved Preparations of 3-Chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-1-propene and 1,1-Dibromo-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)cyclopropane: Intermediates in the Synthesis of [1.1.1]Propellane (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved Preparations of 3-Chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-1-propene and 1,1-Dibromo-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)cyclopropane: Intermediates in the Synthesis of [1.1.1]PropellaneKathleen Mondanaro Lynch and William P. DaileyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 14, 4666–4668Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00119a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00119a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1741Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative Study Regarding the Properties of Methylene Blue and Proflavine and Their Optimal Concentrations for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications (2020)

Methylene blue and proflavine are fluorescent dyes used to stain nucleic acid from the molecular level to the tissue level. Already clinically used for sentinel node mapping, detection of neuroendocrine tumors, methemoglobinemia, septic shock, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and photodynamic inactivation of RNA viruses, the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect of methylene blue has been demonstrated in different in vitro and in vivo studies. Proflavine was used as a disinfectant and bacteriostatic agent against many gram-positive bacteria, as well as a urinary antiseptic involved in highlighting cell nuclei. At the tissue level, the anti-inflammatory effects of methylene blue protect against pulmonary, renal, cardiac, pancreatic, ischemic-reperfusion lesions, and fevers. First used for their antiseptic and antiviral activity, respectively, methylene blue and proflavine turned out to be excellent dyes for diagnostic and treatment purposes. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that both dyes are efficient as perfusion and tissue tracers and permitted to evaluate the minimal efficient concentration in different species, as well as their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. This review aims to identify the optimal concentrations of methylene blue and proflavine that can be used for in vivo experiments to highlight the vascularization of the skin in the case of a perforasome (both as a tissue tracer and in vascular mapping), as well as their effects on tissues. This review is intended to be a comparative and critical presentation of the possible applications of methylene blue (MB) and proflavine (PRO) in the surgical field, and the relevant biomedical findings from specialized literature to date are discussed as well.
Superabrasives: Grinding and Machining With Cbn and Diamond (1990)

Evolution of Cutting Tools. Manufacture of Superabrasives. Grindability and Machinability of Metals. Cubic Boron Nitride Grinding Wheels. Preparing the CBN Wheel and Grinder. Economics of Superabrasive Tools. CBN Grinding Applications. Cemented Carbide Tool Grinding with Diamond Wheels. Manufacture of Polycrystalline Superabrasives. Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) Tools. Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) Tools.
Alcoholysis, saponification and the preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (1971)

Abstract Evidence is offered to support the contention that methanolysis precedes the saponification of esters in methanolic solutions of sodium hydroxide. This results from the hydroxide‐alkoxide equilibrium which greatly favors methoxide formation even in the presence of rather considerable amounts of water. Saponification‐reesterification methods of methyl ester formation are shown to be actually extensions of methanolysis procedures. A simplified method is proposed for the preparation of fatty acid methyl esters.
Positional cloning of a gene involved in hereditary multiple exostoses (1996)

Hereditary multiple exostosis (EXT) is an autosomal dominant condition mainly characterized by the presence of multiple exostoses on the long bones. These exostoses are benign cartilaginous tumors (enchondromata). Three different EXT loci on chromosomes 8q (EXT1), 11p (EXT2) and 19p (EXT3) have been reported, and recently the EXT1 gene was identified by positional cloning. To isolate the EXT2 gene, we constructed a contig of yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC) and P1 clones covering the complete EXT2 candidate region on chromosome 11p11-p12. One of the transcribed sequences isolated from this region corresponds to a novel gene with homology to the EXT1 gene, and harbours inactivating mutations in different patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. This indicates that this gene is the EXT2 gene. EXT2 has an open reading frame encoding 718 amino acids with an overall homology of 30.9% with EXT1, suggesting that a family of related genes might be responsible for the development of EXT.