gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3,5,5-Trimethylhexanol and Its Derivatives (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3,5,5-Trimethylhexanol and Its DerivativesW. M. BrunerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 12, 2860–2864Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50480a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50480a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Relationships among digital one/half band filters, low/high order differentiators and discrete/differentiating Hilbert transformers (1991)

It is shown that there exists a close relationship among digital one/half band filters, low/high order differentiators, and discrete/differentiating Hilbert transformers. An attempt is made to present a complete picture of their interrelationships and conversions between each other. A table and some block diagrams have been developed for their impulse response connections, and a design example is also given for illustration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Dispersive-Fingering Transition and Flow Upscaling for Miscible Displacements in Heterogeneous Systems (1992)

The nature of fluid flow through porous media is determined by the interaction between the fluid mechanics of the displacement process and the rock heterogeneity. The interplay between the various forces may be described by dimensionless scaling groups e.g. mobility ratio, capillary number, viscous/gravity ratio etc. A quantitative measui~ of rock heterogeneity is more difficult to define in real geological systems but it is central to the prediction of the fluid displacement process. In this work, the permeability heterogeneity is described by a correlated random field which is the simplest model into which we can introduce both variability and structure in a systematic way. We consider mainly viscous displacements at adverse mobility ratios in first contact miscible floods. The various flow regimes that are possible in such fluid displacement-heterogeneity combinations are described and, in particular, we focus on the fingering-dispersive transition. The results presented here extend previously reported work on this topic. In particular, the importance of certain “shape” scaling groups in detennining the global flow regime within the system are demonstrated. These scaling groups are related to the vertical equilibrium concept. The significance of the flow regime is discussed in the light of how the flow parameters in miscible displacement may be scaled up. The pseudo-isation technique, which is commonly used in two phase flow, is applied and some observations are made on the resulting averaged or “upscaled” parameters which relate to the overall flow regime in the displacement process.
Effect of tecogalan sodium on angiogenesis in vitro by choroidal endothelial cells. (1995)

bFGF, VEGF, and a combination of bFGF and VEGF stimulated proliferation, migration, and tube formation by CECs in vitro. These stimulatory effects, but especially those of bFGF, were inhibited by tecogalan sodium. If tecogalan sodium can be shown to have a similar effect in vivo, it might have the potential for pharmacologic control of subretinal neovascularization.
Improving TCP performance over wireless links (2002)

TCP is the most common transport protocol used in the Internet. It was designed primarily for wired networks. The characteristics of wireless links is very different from wired links, particularly in terms of the loss behaviour. This results in poor TCP performance over wireless links. We have proposed enhancements to TCP so that it can differentiate between a loss due to congestion, and a loss due to noise in the wireless link. With this knowledge, TCP can react differently to the two kinds of losses, leading to improved performance. The modified TCP is compatible with existing implementations.
Cultural stereotypes die hard: the case of transracial adoption. (2006)

Transracial adoption (commonly understood as the adoption of black children by white families) has been the subject of a persistent debate among adoption specialists, legal advocates, mental health professionals, and even civil rights advocates in this country for a long time. This has been so despite cumulative research evidence indicating that transracial adoptees can thrive and develop into confident adults with strong senses of identity and self-esteem. We contend that the evidence undergirding transracial adoption has not been effectively persuasive because of the tenacious and ubiquitous cultural belief that children and their potential adoptive parents should be matched along racial lines. However, the cultural principle of racial matching has also been diluted by judicial decisions that have narrowly allowed the use of race as one factor rather than as the controlling factor in adoption decisions. This article focuses on the use of a third element--federal statutory attempts intended to remove race as a controlling factor in child placement decisions. We will show how as a matter of public policy, the statutory efforts were meant to promote race-neutral approaches to adoption and to support transracial adoptions. However, in practice, the statutory attempts may still leave the door open to continued race-matching, which suggests that the cultural preference for race-matching in the construction of families remains powerfully ingrained and difficult to eradicate. As a consequence, transracial adoption appears to maintain its status as a culturally suspect phenomenon.
High-Efficiency Silicon-Based Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifier Design With Envelope Shaping for Broadband Wireless Applications (2013)

This paper presents a highly efficient silicon-based envelope-tracking power amplifier (ET-PA) for broadband wireless applications. A pseudo-differential power amplifier (PA) is designed using two integrated SiGe power cells fabricated in a 0.35- μm SiGe BiCMOS technology with through-silicon-via (TSV). In the continuous-wave (CW) measurement, the PA achieves a saturated output power (POUT) of around 2 W with power-added efficiency (PAE) above 65% across the bandwidth of 0.7-1.0 GHz. To optimize the ET-PA system performance, several envelope shaping methods such as dc shifting, envelope scaling, envelope clipping, and envelope attenuation at back-off have been investigated carefully. A highly efficient monolithic CMOS envelope modulator (EM) integrated circuit (IC) is designed in a 0.35- μm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process to mate with our SiGe PA. With the LTE 16 QAM 5/10/20-MHz input signals, our ET-PA system achieves around 28 dBm linear POUT, passing the stringent LTE linearity specs such as the spectrum emission mask with an average composite system PAE of 42.3%/41.1%/40.2%, respectively. No predistortion is applied in this work.
Using Polyalkylene Glycol Quenchants to Effectively Control Distortion and Residual Stresses in Heat Treated Aluminum Alloys (2008)

Abstract Polyalkylene glycol quenchants (also commonly called “glycol” quenchants throughout the industry) were introduced into the aluminum heat treating industry in the mid 1960s and immediately became the most important tool for reducing quenching distortion in sheet metal alloys. Later, the feasibility and benefit of glycol quenching thicker products, such as castings and forgings (which were normally quenched in hot or boiling water), was proven. Specifications were changed to permit glycol quenching of forgings and castings. However, because of a lack of understanding of the technology, the original benefits achieved in sheet metal distortion control and optimum distortion and residual stress control of thicker products has diminished. Currently, there is a significant lack of understanding regarding glycol quenching and, as a result, the full benefit of this technology is not currently being utilized. Distortion of sheet metal products and precision forgings has increased, resulting in increased check and straightening costs and higher residual stresses being imparted to parts. The realization of the benefits of glycols being able to reduce residual stress and ultimately machining costs is waning due to the reluctance of many engineers to recognize and understand the benefits of expanding the limits of the technology to achieve results not heretofore achievable. It is the purpose of this paper to review the basic concepts regarding glycol quenching of high strength aluminum alloys and to present recommendations for optimum control of distortion and residual stresses using the products. Specific illustrations showing that the proper use of glycol quenchants can provide the producer significant savings by (1) reducing quenching distortion and (2) minimizing residual stresses (which significantly improve machining practices and reduce the generation of scrap) are provided.
Learning Language Through Dialogue About Literature (2001)

As a beginning classroom teacher, I believed my role was to teach my students about language. I drilled them on the skills that I thought they needed to become readers and they spent their time memorizing sounds, phonics rules, grammar, and vocabulary words. If they got all of their worksheets filled out and there was time left over, they could read a book.
Protein Simulations in Fluids: Coupling the OPEP Coarse-Grained Force Field with Hydrodynamics (2015)

A novel simulation framework that integrates the OPEP coarse-grained (CG) model for proteins with the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) methodology to account for the fluid solvent at mesoscale level is presented. OPEP is a very efficient, water-free and electrostatic-free force field that reproduces at quasi-atomistic detail processes like peptide folding, structural rearrangements, and aggregation dynamics. The LB method is based on the kinetic description of the solvent in order to solve the fluid mechanics under a wide range of conditions, with the further advantage of being highly scalable on parallel architectures. The capabilities of the approach are presented, and it is shown that the strategy is effective in exploring the role of hydrodynamics on protein relaxation and peptide aggregation. The end result is a strategy for modeling systems of thousands of proteins, such as in the case of dense protein suspensions. The future perspectives of the multiscale approach are also discussed.
Colonization of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> with <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and Competition by <i>Enterobacter asburiae</i> (2003)

Enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7, have been shown to contaminate fresh produce. Under appropriate conditions, these bacteria will grow on and invade the plant tissue. We have developed Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) as a model system with the intention of studying plant responses to human pathogens. Under sterile conditions and at 100% humidity, S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:H7 grew to 10(9) CFU g(-1) on A. thaliana roots and to 2 x 10(7) CFU g(-1) on shoots. Furthermore, root inoculation led to contamination of the entire plant, indicating that the pathogens are capable of moving on or within the plant in the absence of competition. Inoculation with green fluorescent protein-labeled S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 showed invasion of the roots at lateral root junctions. Movement was eliminated and invasion decreased when nonmotile mutants of S. enterica were used. Survival of S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:H7 on soil-grown plants declined as the plants matured, but both pathogens were detectable for at least 21 days. Survival of the pathogen was reduced in unautoclaved soil and amended soil, suggesting competition from indigenous epiphytes from the soil. Enterobacter asburiae was isolated from soil-grown A. thaliana and shown to be effective at suppressing epiphytic growth of both pathogens under gnotobiotic conditions. Seed and chaff harvested from contaminated plants were occasionally contaminated. The rate of recovery of S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 from seed varied from undetectable to 19% of the seed pools tested, depending on the method of inoculation. Seed contamination by these pathogens was undetectable in the presence of the competitor, Enterobacter asburiae. Sampling of 74 pools of chaff indicated a strong correlation between contamination of the chaff and seed (P = 0.025). This suggested that contamination of the seed occurred directly from contaminated chaff or by invasion of the flower or silique. However, contaminated seeds were not sanitized by extensive washing and chlorine treatment, indicating that some of the bacteria reside in a protected niche on the seed surface or under the seed coat.
Analysis of steric hindrance effects on adsorption kinetics and equilibria (1994)

Abstract Most existing adsorption models do not properly consider steric hindrance effects of preadsorbed solutes. As a consequence, the models often fail to represent the adsorption kinetics and equilibria accurately. In this work, we extend the random sequential adsorption concept for irreversible adsorption to analyze reversible adsorption on a continuous surface and a random site surface. Based on simulation results of these processes, general kinetic equations for one‐component adsorption are developed. The equations are used to correlate chromatography frontal curves of lysozyme and isotherm data of ethane adsorption on activated carbon and ethylene adsorption on a molecular sieve. The significance of the equations, as compared with the Langmuir equation, lies not only in their ability to correlate the experimental data more accurately, but in the physical significance of the adsorption parameters such as the maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the correlation. Our study shows that steric hindrance effects alone result in nonlinear Scatchard and Hill plots with negative cooperativity.
Alzheimer's disease: seeking new ways to preserve brain function. Interview by Alice V. Luddington. (1999)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized in the brain by the deposition of amyloid protein outside the neuron, resulting in the formation of plaques, and inside the neuron with neurofibrillary tangles. It is not yet known what causes these pathologic changes, although age and genetics are major risk factors. The cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine and donepezil block acetylcholinesterase and therefore preserve the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Three other investigational cholinesterase inhibitors are rivastigmine, metrifonate, and galanthamine. Existing therapies being studied for use in AD include vitamin E, estrogen preparations, and anti-inflammatory agents. The physician's role is to care for both the AD patient and the family, which are profoundly affected by this disease.
Label-Free DNA Biosensor Based on SERS Molecular Sentinel on Nanowave Chip (2013)

Development of a rapid, cost-effective, label-free biosensor for DNA detection is important for many applications in clinical diagnosis, homeland defense, and environment monitoring. A unique label-free DNA biosensor based on Molecular Sentinel (MS) immobilized on a plasmonic 'Nanowave' chip, which is also referred to as a metal film over nanosphere (MFON), is presented. Its sensing mechanism is based upon the decrease of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity when Raman label tagged at one end of MS is physically separated from the MFON's surface upon DNA hybridization. This method is label-free as the target does not have to be labeled. The MFON fabrication is relatively simple and low-cost with high reproducibility based on depositing a thin shell of gold over close-packed arrays of nanospheres. The sensing process involves a single hybridization step between the DNA target sequences and the complementary MS probes on the Nanowave chip without requiring secondary hybridization or posthybridization washing, thus resulting in rapid assay time and low reagent usage. The usefulness and potential application of the biosensor for medical diagnostics is demonstrated by detecting the human radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) gene, a common inflammation biomarker.
Pyrimidone Derivatives as Effective Acid Captors. A Method for the Preparation of Carboxamides (1976)

The equimolar reactions of carboxylic acids and amines with 1-methyl-2-chloropyridiniun
Effect of N-desulfated heparin on hepatic/renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats (2002)

P-selectin might mediate neutrophil infiltration and contribute to hepatic/renal ischemia and reperfusion. The N-desulfated heparin might prevent hepatic/renal damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion injury without significant anticoagulant activity.
Linear time algorithm for isomorphism of planar graphs (Preliminary Report) (1974)

The isomorphism problem for graphs G1 and G2 is to determine if there exists a one-to-one mapping of the vertices of G1 onto the vertices of G2 such that two vertices of G1 are adjacent if and only if their images in G2 are adjacent. In addition to determining the existence of such an isomorphism, it is useful to be able to produce an isomorphism-inducing mapping in the case where one exists.
Online monitoring of MPC disturbance models using closed-loop data (2004)

In model predictive control applications, knowledge about the disturbances affecting the system can be incomplete or non-existent. Typically, the state noise and sensor noise covariances used in the state estimation problem are not known. Additionally, an integrated white noise disturbance is often used to remove offset. Imperfect or non-existent knowledge of this additional covariance is another source of uncertainty in the controller design. In this paper, methods are developed to employ closed-loop MPC data to identify the unknown covariances and fully realize the potential of the state estimator. Two simulation examples are provided, demonstrating the benefits of using such techniques.
Using non-volatile memory to save energy in servers (2009)

Recent breakthroughs in circuit and process technology have enabled new usage models for non-volatile memory technologies such as Flash and phase change RAM (PCRAM) in the general purpose computing environment. These technologies display high density and low power consumption as well as persistency that are appealing properties in a memory device. This paper summarizes our earlier work on improving NAND Flash based disk caches and extends it to consider PCRAM. We first present the primary challenges in reliably managing non-volatile memories such as NAND Flash, reviewing our past work on architectural support for Flash manageability. We then provide a preliminary analysis of how our current Flash manageability architecture may be simplified when we replace Flash with PCRAM. Our evaluations on PCRAM shows a potential for more than a 65% throughput improvement for a disk-intensive database workload. Although more detailed studies are needed, we conclude that PCRAM is a strong contender to replace Flash if it becomes cost-effective.
Error Detection with Memory Tags (1981)

The ability to achieve and maintain system reliability is an important problem that has become more critical as the use of computers has become more common. Fundamental to improved reliability is the ability to detect errors promptly, before their effects can be propagated. This dissertation proposes methods for using storage tags to detect a broad class of hardware and software errors that might otherwise go undetected. Moreover, the suggested schemes require minimal extensions to the hardware of typical computers. In fact, it is shown that in many situations tags can be added to words of storage without using any extra bits at all. Although tagging is central to the discussion, the methods used differ radically from those used in traditional tagged architectures. Most notably, no attempt is made to use the tags to control what computations are performed. Instead, the tags are used only to check the consistency of those operations that would be performed anyway in the absence of tagging. By so doing, redundancy already present in typical programs can be harnessed for detecting errors. Furthermore, it becomes possible to check an arbitrary number of assertions using only a small tag of fixed size. The dissertation examines various strategies for exploiting the proposed tagging mechanisms; both the positive and negative aspects of each application are considered. Finally, an example is described, showing how tagging might be implemented in a real machine.
Serotypes and virutypes of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains from stool samples of children with diarrhoea in Germany (2007)

Molecular detection by the eae-PCR followed by serotyping and virutyping is useful for monitoring trends in EPEC and EHEC infections and to discover their possible reservoirs.
Down-regulation of the Cyclin A Promoter by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Is Associated with a Reduction in Phosphorylated Activating Transcription Factor-1 and Cyclic AMP-responsive Element-binding Protein (1997)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 prevents cell cycle progression by inhibiting several regulators, including cyclin A. To study the mechanisms by which TGF-beta1 down-regulates cyclin A gene expression, we transfected reporter plasmids driven by the cyclin A promoter into mink lung epithelial cells in the absence and presence of TGF-beta1. The TGF-beta1-induced down-regulation of cyclin A promoter activity appeared to be mediated via the activating transcription factor (ATF) site, because mutation of this site abolished down-regulation. Surprisingly, although TGF-beta1 treatment for 24 h markedly decreased cyclin A promoter activity, it did not decrease the abundance of the ATF-binding proteins ATF-1 and cyclic AMP-responsive binding protein (CREB). However, we detected 90 and 78% reductions (by Western analysis) in phosphorylated CREB and ATF-1, respectively, in mink lung epithelial cells treated with TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1-induced down-regulation of cyclin A promoter activity was reversed by okadaic acid (a phosphatase inhibitor) and by cotransfection with plasmids expressing the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit or the simian virus small tumor antigen (Sm-t, an inhibitor of PP2A). These data indicate that TGF-beta1 may down-regulate cyclin A promoter activity by decreasing phosphorylation of CREB and ATF-1.