gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized Heat Treatment of 347 Type Stainless Steel Alloys for Elevated Temperature Service to Minimize Cracking (2004)

Abstract A new optimized post weld heat treatment (PWHT) of 347 type stainless steels has been developed and laboratory tested up to 1562°F (850°C) to address the needs of the petrochemical industry in stretching the upper operating temperature limits beyond 950°F (510°C). Experimentation focused on 347H, 347LN, and 16Cr11Ni2.5MoNb. The multi-step PWHT consists of stress relief and solution anneal, followed by a stabilizing stress relief. An optimized microstructure and substantial resistance to elevated temperature cracking was confirmed using a thermo-mechanical test simulator. Limitations associated with classical stabilization heat treatments, including sigma phase embrittlement and low ductility properties are eliminated. This PWHT provides high immunity to sigma phase embrittlement, reheat cracking, and stress relief cracking while retaining superior mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. Test results, mechanisms, and issues concerning alloy and nitrogen additions are discussed.
On the Theory of Anisotropic Thermoelectric power in Semiconductros (1966)

Abstract Possible mechanisms for the appearance of an anisotropic thermoelectric power in semi conductors are examined using simple models. It is shown that an anisotropic thermoelectric power may arise both as a result of combined phonon and impurity scattering, and in the presence of two types of carriers if at least one type of carrier has an anisotropic effective mass. The effect of different parameters on the magnitude of the anisotropy in the thermoelectric power is examined and it is shown that for reasonable values of these parameters the anisotropy may be significant.
Development and Validation of Coupled PARCS/RELAP5 Model for Forsmark NPP at Uprated Power (2014)

ABSTRACTThis paper gives an account of the development and validation of an up-to-date coupled neutronic/thermal-hydraulic model for the Swedish Forsmark boiling water reactor. The model will be used for analyses of the consequences of the planned power uprate from 2928 MWth to 3253 MWth.At first, the development of the PARCS and RELAP5 models are presented. On the neutronic side, cross-sections data was generated, allowing feeding PARCS with realistic data. This step was performed by converting the library data file from the power plant using the in-house cross-section interface code. The dependence of the material properties on history effects, burnup, and instantaneous conditions was accounted for, and the full heterogeneity of the core was thus taken into account. Each of the 676 fuel assemblies was modeled individually, while the 161 control rods were grouped into 6 different types. On the thermal-hydraulic side, the model consists of a model for the feedwater system, a model for the reactor vessel that include a model for the core channels, and a model for each of the four steam lines. The fuel assemblies were modeled as twelve flow channels in the core region. The coupling between the two codes is touched upon, with emphasis on the mapping between the hydrodynamic/heat structures and the neutronic nodes.The validation efforts were focusing on benchmarking the code capabilities against measured plant data, both under steady-state and transient conditions. The PARCS standalone model was validated against traversing in-core probe (TIP) measurements, taken at different burnup level with operating power varies from 108% (nominal level) to 120% (uprated level). The coupled PARCS/RELAP5 model was validated against an operational transient. For this validation task, the transient chosen was a turbine trip test, which was performed on May 6, 2013.Comparisons between calculated and measured parameters demonstrate that the coupled model was able to correctly represent the steady-state conditions of the plant. The validation of the coupled model against measured transient plant data was then performed. It has been demonstrated that the coupled model is able to capture the main features of the transient with a sufficient level of accuracy
Stress upregulates arterial matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity via endothelin A receptor activation (2003)

Degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) is an important regulatory step in the vascular remodeling process. Recent studies demonstrated that ETA receptors regulate cardiac MMP activity and fibrosis in DOCA-salt hypertension. However, little is known about endothelin (ET)-1 regulation of vascular MMP activity in hypertension. Thus early changes in ET-1-mediated regulation of MMP activity were measured in borderline hypertensive rats that develop impaired vasorelaxation and hypertension with chronic exposure to stress. Experiments were performed after 10 days of exposure to the behavioral stressor, air-jet stress, but before the onset of stress-induced hypertension. Study groups were 1) control (n = 8); 2) air-jet stress for 10 days (n = 8); 3) control plus ETA antagonist ABT-627 (n = 4), and 4) air-jet stress plus ETA antagonist (n = 4). MMP activity in the thoracic aorta was assessed by gelatin zymography. MMP protein and tissue ET-1 levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and ET receptor density was determined by immunoblotting. Exposure to stress caused a twofold increase in plasma ET-1 levels (P < 0.05), and there was increased ET-1 staining at the tissue level. Total MMP activity and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased in the stress group. ETA receptor antagonism prevented the increase in MMP expression and activation in the stress group. These results provide evidence that the MMP system is activated before the development of hypertension and ET-1 mediates these early events in vascular remodeling.
Blue Photoluminescence from Hyperbranched Poly(amino ester)s (2005)

10.1021/ma051407x
A new silicon-on-glass process for integrated sensors (2003)

A process is reported for the formation of high-performance thin single-crystal silicon films on glass substrates. The process utilizes the electrostatic bonding of a silicon wafer to glass and subsequent etching of the silicon to form films having thickness controlled from less than 2 mu m to over 20 mu m. The use of Corning 1729 glass substrates yields an excellent thermal expansion match to the silicon film and allows the use of postbond processing temperatures for the films of as high as 800 degrees C, allowing the formation of both MOS and bipolar device structures. Thus, integrated circuitry can be incorporated in dissolved-wafer sensing structures. A variety of related processes are also possible where some or all of the silicon device processing is performed at high temperature before bonding to the glass.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Addition of Trichloromethyl Radical to Substituted 3-Phenyl-1-propenes and 4-Phenyl-1-butenes (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Addition of Trichloromethyl Radical to Substituted 3-Phenyl-1-propenes and 4-Phenyl-1-butenesMichael M. Martin and Gerald Jay. GleicherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 2, 233–238Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01056a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01056a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Les ingrédients à base de protéines laitières : obtention, propriétés et utilisations (1989)

Les proprits fonctionnelles des protines laitires sont troitement dpendantes de leurs proprits physico-chimiques (poids molculaire, nature et distribution des acides amins, charge nette), de leur environnement (pH, temprature, force ionique, concentration) et du procd qui leur a t appliqu (chauffage, pompage, schage, modifications physiques, chimiques ou enzymatiques).
Object-oriented design and automatic Ada code generation in the education of software engineers (1993)

In the past five years, there has been an increased emphasis and interest in the object-oriented approack with its benefits of data encapsulation irtfortnation hiding, snd inheritance, for design and development. We are about to enter a titne-frame when Ada83 and Ada9X will both be available. Thus, there is a need for support in training artd educatimt of software engineers aqd students, to facilitate a smooth transition between the two language dialects. Our efforts to support this trsn$tion involve the object-oriented tool ADAM (Active Design and Analyses Model) that allows graphical and interactive language-independent design which is complemented with multiple language-specific code generators (i.e., Ada83, C++, Ontos-Ci+, with Modttla-3 and Ada9X in the plsrtning stages) that automatically provide a si~lcant portion of the application's code. ADAM will be employed during 1993-1994 in our junior year software engineering sequence to investigate the integration of object-oriented design and Ada83. We tdso believe software engineers who are familiar with Ada83, but not with Ada9X or the object-oriented approach can utilize ADAM to learn Ada9Xs language syntax and semantics by contrasting the generated Ada9X and Ade83 code for the same object-oriented design (another goal of our research and education efforts). This paper examines many of the aforementioned issues, with a focus on translation of an ADAM-created object-oriented design into Ada83 co&.
All-optical scanhead for ultrasound and photoacoustic dual-modality imaging (2012)

We propose a new scanhead design for combined ultrasound (US)/photoacoustic (PA) imaging that can be applied to dual-modality microscopy and biomedical imaging. Both imaging modalities employ the optical generation and detection of acoustic waves. The scanhead consists of an optical fiber with an axicon tip for excitation, and a microring for acoustic detection. No conventional piezoelectric device is needed, and the cost of the design makes it suitable for one-time, disposable use. Furthermore, a single laser pulse is employed to generate both US and PA signals. A subband imaging method can be applied to the receiver to enhance the contrast between the US and PA signals. Phantom data demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
<title>Field ion spectrometry: a new technology for cocaine and heroin detection</title> (1997)

Field ion spectrometry, also known as transverse field compensation ion mobility spectrometry, is a new technique for trace gas analysis that can be applied to the detection of cocaine and heroin. Its principle is based on filtering ion species according to the functional dependence of their mobilities with electric field strength. Field ion spectrometry eliminates the gating electrodes needed in conventional IMS to pulse ions into the spectrometer; instead, ions are injected in to the spectrometer and reach the detector continuously, resulting in improved sensitivity. The technique enables analyses that are difficult with conventional constant field strength ion mobility spectrometers. We have shown that a filed ion spectrometer can selectively detect the vapors from cocaine and heroin emitted from both their base and hydrochloride forms. The estimated volumetric limits of detection are in the low pptv range, based on testing with standardized drug vapor generation systems. The spectrometer can detect cocaine base in the vapor phase, at concentrations well below its estimated 100 pptv vapor pressure equivalent at 20 degrees C. This paper describes the underlying principles of field ion spectrometry in relation to narcotic drug detection, and recent results obtained for cocaine and heroin. The work has been sponsored in part by the United States Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract DAAB10-95C-0004, for the DOD Counterdrug Technology Development Program.
Influence of Internal Mechanical Stress Strain on Electrical Performance of Polyethylene (1996)

Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) insulations used in HV cables are not only subjected to electrical and thermal stresses, but also exposed to mechanical stresses, whether residual internal stresses created during the cooling process of the fabrication, external forces when cables are bent: during installation or thermomechanical stresses caused by differential thermal expansion between the conductor and the polymeric material. In order to investigate the possible influence of mechanical stresses on dielectric properties of polyethylene, measurements were conducted on pin-plane XLPE and LDPE samples with various magnitudes of residual mechanical stresses around the embedded electrode. The time to inception, the growing rate and the shape of the electrical trees under different voltages are reported in this paper. Specimens with the highest values of residual stresses were found to have the shortest inception times and the longest trees after one hour of aging under different voltages. When the mechanical stress was allowed to relax, the treeing resistance was measured to be significantly improved.
Young’s Radical Operation for the Cure of Cancer of the Penis: A Report of Thirty-Four Cases (1931)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1931Young’s Radical Operation for the Cure of Cancer of the Penis: A Report of Thirty-Four Cases Lloyd G. Lewis Lloyd G. LewisLloyd G. Lewis More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)72778-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1931 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByAirhart R, De Kerniqn J and Guillermo E (2018) Tensor Fascia Lata Myocutaneous Flap for Coverage of Skin Defect after Radical Groin Dissection for Metastatic Penile CarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 128, NO. 3, (599-601), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1982.Skinner D, Leadbetter W and Kelley S (2018) The Surgical Management of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the PenisJournal of Urology, VOL. 107, NO. 2, (273-277), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1972.Arconti J and Goodwin W (2018) Use of Scrotal Skin to Cover Wound Defects in the Groin and Pubic AreaJournal of Urology, VOL. 75, NO. 2, (292-296), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1956.Harlin H (2018) Carcinoma of the PenisJournal of Urology, VOL. 67, NO. 3, (326-337), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1952.Melicow M and Ganem E (2018) Cancerous and Precancerous Lesions of the Penis: A Clinical and Pathological Study Based on Twenty-three CasesJournal of Urology, VOL. 55, NO. 5, (486-514), Online publication date: 1-May-1946. Volume 26Issue 2August 1931Page: 295-316 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1931 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Lloyd G. Lewis More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Review of Polarization Optical Devices Based on Graphene Materials (2020)

Graphene has received extensive scholarly attention for its extraordinary optical, electrical, and physicochemical properties, as well as its compatibility with silicon-based semiconductor processes. As a unique two-dimensional atomic crystal material, graphene has excellent mechanical properties, ultra-high carrier mobility, ultra-wide optical response spectrum, and strong polarization dependence effect, which make it have great potential in new optical and polarization devices. A series of new optical devices that are based on graphene have been developed, showing excellent performance and broad application prospects. In this paper, the recent research progress of polarizers, sensors, modulators, and detectors that are based on the polarization characteristics of graphene is reviewed. In particular, the polarization dependence effect and broadband absorption enhancement of graphene under total reflection structure are emphasized, which enhance the interaction between graphene and light and then provide a new direction for research of graphene polarization devices.
IL-12 enhances the generation of tumour antigen-specific Th1 CD4 T cells during<i>ex vivo</i>expansion (2004)

CD4+ T cells are essential for the immune response against cancer. Vaccination against cancer will likely only be effective at preventing growth of micrometastatic disease while adoptive T cell therapy will be better suited for eradication of bulky pre-existing disease (Knutson et al. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2002; 2:55-66). Problems with the use of adoptive T cell therapy include lack of CD4+ T cell help, low frequency of antigen-specific T cells, and lack of effective ex vivo expansion techniques. In this study, we focused on improving ex vivo expansion of CD4+ T helper cells. The effects of IL-12, along with IL-2, on the ex vivo generation of HER-2/neu antigen-specific T cells were examined. Patients were immunized with a peptide-based vaccine that contained a helper epitope, p776-790, derived from the intracellular domain of HER-2/neu. While T cell immunity to p776-790, assessed by proliferation assays, could be readily measured in short-term cultures, cell line generation by multiple in vitro stimulation with peptide and IL-2 as the only added cytokine resulted in loss of antigen-specific proliferation. The inclusion of IL-12, along with IL-2, restored antigen-specific proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. The resulting p776-790-specific T cells responded readily to antigen by proliferating and producing type I cytokines (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha). The increased proliferative response of the cultures was due in part to an increase in the number of HER-2/neu-specific T cells. These results suggest that IL-12 is an important cytokine for ex vivo recovery and maintenance of antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes that would otherwise be lost by using IL-2 alone in combination with antigen. Furthermore, these results have important implications for ex vivo expansion of CD4+ T cell for use in anti-tumour adoptive immunotherapy.
Balancing acoustic and linguistic probabilities (2002)

The length of the word sequence is not taken into account under language modeling of n-gram local probability modeling. Due to this property the optimal values of the language weight and word insertion penalty for balancing acoustic and linguistic probabilities is affected by the length of word sequence. To deal with this problem, a new language model is developed based on the Bernoulli trial model taking the length of the word sequence into account. Not only better recognition accuracy but also more robust balancing with acoustic probability compared with the normal n-gram model of the proposed method is confirmed through recognition experiments.
Oleiphilaceae fam. nov., to include Oleiphilus messinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium that obligately utilizes hydrocarbons. (2002)

A bacterial isolate, ME102T, was obtained from an n-hexadecane enrichment culture of seawater/sediment samples collected in the harbour of Messina (Italy). This gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium used a narrow spectrum of organic compounds, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkanoates and alkanoles, as carbon and energy sources. None of the sugars, organic acids or amino acids tested was used. During cultivation on n-alkanes as the sole source of carbon and energy, the cells formed a biofilm on the surface of the alkane droplets. Large-scale (sometimes >50% of the cell mass) intracellular accumulation of alkanoates occurred in cells adsorbed on the alkane surface and under nitrogen-limiting conditions. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this isolate represents a distinct lineage in the gamma-Proteobacteria and has about 91% sequence identity to members of Marinobacter and Alcanivorax, the closest genera. Four different types of polar lipid could be detected, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethylamine, phosphatidyl dimethylethylamine and lipids belonging to an unknown type of phospholipid (m/z between 861 and 879). The principal fatty acids in the polar lipid fatty acid profile were 16:0 and 16:1. The putative gene encoding the key enzyme of alkane catabolism, alkane hydroxylase (AlkB), has been cloned. The protein sequence of the putative AlkB of the isolate ME102T was related to the AlkB of Pseudomonas oleovorans and Alcanivorax borkumensis, showing about 60% sequence identity. On the basis of physiological studies and taking into account the distant phylogenetic position of isolate ME102T relative to previously described organisms, a novel genus and species is proposed, Oleiphilus messinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., within a new family, Oleiphilaceae fam. nov. Strain ME102T (= DSM 13489T = LMG 20357T) is the type and only strain of O. messinensis.
Phenotype MicroArray Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Mutants with Deletions of All Two-Component Systems (2003)

ABSTRACT Two-component systems are the most common mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction in bacteria. A typical system consists of a histidine kinase and a partner response regulator. The histidine kinase senses an environmental signal, which it transmits to its partner response regulator via a series of autophosphorylation, phosphotransfer, and dephosphorylation reactions. Much work has been done on particular systems, including several systems with regulatory roles in cellular physiology, communication, development, and, in the case of bacterial pathogens, the expression of genes important for virulence. We used two methods to investigate two-component regulatory systems in Escherichia coli K-12. First, we systematically constructed mutants with deletions of all two-component systems by using a now-standard technique of gene disruption (K. A. Datsenko and B. L. Wanner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:6640-6645, 2000). We then analyzed these deletion mutants with a new technology called Phenotype MicroArrays, which permits assays of nearly 2,000 growth phenotypes simultaneously. In this study we tested 100 mutants, including mutants with individual deletions of all two-component systems and several related genes, including creBC -regulated genes ( cbrA and cbrBC ), phoBR -regulated genes ( phoA , phoH , phnCDEFGHIJKLMNOP , psiE , and ugpBAECQ ), csgD , luxS , and rpoS . The results of this battery of nearly 200,000 tests provided a wealth of new information concerning many of these systems. Of 37 different two-component mutants, 22 showed altered phenotypes. Many phenotypes were expected, and several new phenotypes were also revealed. The results are discussed in terms of the biological roles and other information concerning these systems, including DNA microarray data for a large number of the same mutants. Other mutational effects are also discussed.
We need a global comprehensive stratigraphic database: here’s a start (2018)

By Shanan E. Peters, Jon M. Husson. Macrostrat is a relational geospatial database designed to facilitate quantitative analyses of the upper crust; it contains general but comprehensive chronostratigraphic summaries of geological rock units distributed across the world.