gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsophisticated Investments against Inflation (1952)

IN TAKING STOCK of the general investment situation for the past year, we realize that 1952 ended with many particularly interesting implications for investors. The customary first-quarter chore of inventory taking which first looked rather drab and uninteresting became fascinating after surface factors were noted and indications from them were further investigated. A brief review of the investigative course that I followed may interest you. Even though you may not agree with my conclusions, there may be some factors turned up in the inventory taking that will whet your interest to the point of further profitable study.
Understanding human disease mutations through the use of interspecific genetic variation (2001)

Data on replacement mutations in genes of disease patients exist in a variety of online resources. In addition, genome sequencing projects and individual gene sequencing efforts have led to the identification of disease gene homologs in diverse metazoan species. The availability of these two types of information provides unique opportunities to investigate factors that are important in the development of genetically based disease by contrasting long and short-term molecular evolutionary patterns. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of disease-associated human genetic variation for seven disease genes: the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the neural cell adhesion molecule L1, phenylalanine hydroxylase, paired box 6, the X-linked retinoschisis gene and TSC2/tuberin. Our analyses indicate that disease mutations show definite patterns when examined from an evolutionary perspective. Human replacement mutations resulting in disease are overabundant at amino acid positions most conserved throughout the long-term history of metazoans. In contrast, human polymorphic replacement mutations and silent mutations are randomly distributed across sites with respect to the level of conservation of amino acid sites within genes. Furthermore, disease-causing amino acid changes are of types usually not observed among species. Using Grantham's chemical difference matrix, we find that amino acid changes observed in disease patients are far more radical than the variation found among species and in non-diseased humans. Overall, our results demonstrate the usefulness of evolutionary analyses for understanding patterns of human disease mutations and underscore the biomedical significance of sequence data currently being generated from various model organism genome sequencing projects.
Context-Consistent Generation of Indoor Virtual Environments Based on Geometry Constraints (2021)

In this article, we propose a system that can automatically generate immersive and interactive virtual reality (VR) scenes by taking real-world geometric constraints into account. Our system can not only help users avoid real-world obstacles in virtual reality experiences, but also provide context-consistent contents to preserve their sense of presence. To do so, our system first identifies the positions and bounding boxes of scene objects as well as a set of interactive planes from 3D scans. Then context-consistent virtual objects that have similar geometric properties to the real ones can be automatically selected and placed into the virtual scene, based on learned object association relations and layout patterns from large amounts of indoor scene configurations. We regard virtual object replacement as a combinatorial optimization problem, considering both geometric and contextual consistency constraints. Quantitative and qualitative results show that our system can generate plausible interactive virtual scenes that highly resemble real environments, and have the ability to keep the sense of presence for users in their VR experiences.
Townes-Brocks syndrome: Detection of aSALL1 mutation hot spot and evidence for a position effect in one patient (1999)

Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder characterized by anal and thumb malformations and by ear anomalies that can affect the three compartments and usually lead to hearing loss. The gene underlying TBS, SALL1, is a human homolog of the Drosophila spalt gene which encodes a transcription factor. A search for SALL1 mutations undertaken in 11 unrelated affected individuals (five familial and six sporadic cases) led to the detection of mutations in nine of them. One nonsense and six different novel frameshift mutations, all located in the second exon, were identified. Together with the previously reported mutations [Kohlhase et al., 1999], they establish that TBS results from haploinsufficiency. The finding of de novo mutations in the sporadic cases is consistent with the proposed complete penetrance of the disease. Moreover, the occurrence of the same 826C>T transition in a CG dimer, in three sporadic cases from the present series and three sporadic cases from the other series [Kohlhase et al., 1999] (i.e., six of the eight mutations identified in sporadic cases), reveals the existence of a mutation hotspot. Six different SALL1 polymorphisms were identified in the course of the present study, three of which are clustered in a particular region of the gene that encodes a stretch of serine residues. Finally, the chromosome 16 breakpoint of a t(5;16)(p15.3;q12.1) translocation carried by a TBS-affected individual was mapped at least 180 kb telomeric to SALL1, thus indicating that a position effect underlies the disease in this individual.
Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) Decreases Body Fat in Middle Aged and Old Rats (2010)

Adipose and muscle mass increase in Fisher 344 (F344) rats through midlife and decline thereafter. HMB increases fat oxidation and activates anabolic pathways in myotubes. We determined the effect of HMB on adiposity and muscle wet weights in F344 rats. Twelve young (44 wks), 6 middle aged (60 wks), 10 old (86 wks), and 5 very old (102 wks) male F344 rats’ body compositions were assessed using dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) pre/post‐treatment. After DXA, 6 young, 6 middle aged, 5 old and very old rats were sacrificed for pre and post control muscle wet weights. Remaining young and old rats were given HMB (0.46 g/kg/d) for 16 wks. There was a group effect for body mass (BM) increasing (+23%) in the control, but not in the HMB group from 44–60 wks, while it maintained in the control, and declined (−20%) in the HMB group from 86–102 wks. There were declines in gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus weights normalized to BM from 60–102 wks. While HMB had no effects on the gastrocnemius, there were decreases in control planaris (−21%) and soleus (−15%) muscles, which maintained and increased (+12%), respectively, in the HMB group from 44–60 wks. Fat mass (g) increased in the middle aged control (+49%) but not in the HMB group. Fat mass declined (−56%) in the old HMB but not in the control. Our findings suggest HMB may produce a leaner phenotype in middle aged and older individuals. Future research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Grant Funding Source : College of Human Sciences Internal Grant
Dielectrophoretic transport of fluoride into enamel. (2011)

Fluoride concentrations in the diffusion group were significantly higher than baseline readings at 10 and 20 microm depths; fluoride concentration in dielectrophoretically treated teeth was significantly higher than the diffusion group at 10, 20, and 50 microm (ANOVA/Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc, P = 0.05). Significantly higher fluoride uptake was found with dielectrophoresis compared to passive diffusion at 10, 20, and 50 microm depths (paired t-test, P = 0.05). Dielectrophoresis doubled fluoride uptake in the superficial layers compared to passive diffusion, and drove the fluoride significantly deeper with an uptake six times higher than diffusion at 50 microm depth. Dielectrophoresis enhanced penetration and increased uptake of fluoride on average by 600% at 50 microm. The amount of fluoride delivered at 50 microm was equivalent to long-term exposure of prophylactic fluoride. With proper polarizing frequencies, dielectrophoresis could enhance fluoride delivery into tooth enamel at higher penetration depths and concentrations than diffusion.
Sensorless field orientation control of an induction machine by high frequency signal injection (1997)

This paper describes a new scheme to find the rotor flux angle from stator voltages and currents by injecting a high-frequency signal. The signal is not a rotating one but a fluctuating one at a reference frame rotating synchronously to the fundamental stator frequency. When the estimated rotor flux angle coincides with the actual angle, the proposed method makes virtually no ripple torque, no vibration and less audible noise caused by the injected signal. The difference of impedances between the flux axis and the quadrature axis at high-frequency signal injection on the rotor flux angle is explained by the equivalent circuit equation of the induction machine. The difference is verified by experiments on test motors under various testing conditions. A sensorless field orientation algorithm is proposed and experimental results clarify the satisfactory operation of the algorithm with one hundred and fifty percent load torque at zero stator frequency.
<i>N</i>‐glycolylneuraminic acid–containing GM1 is a new molecule for serum antibody in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (1998)

To clarify the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after parenteral injections of bovine brain gangliosides, we searched for new molecules in bovine brain gangliosides recognized by sera from GBS patients. Gangliosides fractionated in a Q-Sepharose column were used as the antigens, and the binding of serum IgG or IgM was examined by thin-layer chromatography/immunostaining. Fourteen of 175 serum samples from the patients reacted with the monosialoganglioside fraction 2. In the neutral solvent system, a band in this fraction migrated with N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing GM1 [GM1(NeuAc)], whereas in the alkaline solvent system it migrated slower. This suggested that the band was N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing GM1 [GM1(NeuGc)]. In both solvent systems, its mobility was almost the same as that of authentic GM1(NeuGc) from mouse liver. Secondary ion mass spectrometry showed that the ganglioside's structure was consistent with that of GM1(NeuGc). IgG anti-GM1(NeuGc) antibodies in sera from the GBS patients were significantly absorbed by GM1(NeuAc), indicative that the anti-GM1(NeuGc) antibodies cross-react with GM1(NeuAc). N-Glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides are so highly immunogenic in humans that the injection of GM1(NeuGc) could induce the production of IgG anti-GM1(NeuGc) antibody, which cross-reacts with GM1(NeuAc).
Role of a Paracrine Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Improvement of Left Ventricular Function After Coronary Artery Occlusion in Rats (2006)

Fresh medium, conditioned medium and MSC injection all improved LV function at 4 weeks after treatment compared with saline treatment in a rat myocardial infarct model; only MSCs increased wall thickness. Since the culture medium contains nutrients and bovine serum, the roles of the soluble factors released by MSCs might be masked. The effect of these nutrients needs further investigation.
Effects of Double Cross-Linking Technique on the Enzymatic Degradation and Calcification of Bovine Pericardia (2000)

The strength, resorption rates, and biocompatibility of collagenous biomaterials are profoundly influenced by the method of cross-linking. The in vitro and in vivo calcification and enzymatic degradation of bovine pericardia (BP) after a series of surface modifications were studied as a function of exposure time. Collagenase degradations of modified BP were monitored by scanning electron microscopy and tensile strength measurements. Bovine pericardium was modified by a combination of different tissue fixatives such as glutaraldehyde (GA), carbodiimide (EDC), diisocyanate (HMDIC), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). GA-PEG-EDC-PEG and GA-PEG-HMDIC-PEG combination treated BP retained maximum stability in collagenase digestion compared to GATBP. In vitro calcification studies and in vivo rat subcutaneous implantations of modified pericardium have shown substantial reduction in the calcification of double cross-linked BP with PEG modification. Further, the biocompatibility aspects of pericardial tissues were established by platelet adhesion and octane contact angle. It seems that cross-links involving amino and carboxyl residues may provide new ways of controlling biodegradation and calcification.
Oil pulling for maintaining oral hygiene – A review (2016)

Oil pulling is a traditional folk remedy practiced in ancient India. It is believed to cure more than thirty systemic diseases when practiced regularly and as directed. Due to occurrence of side effects to modern medicines and oral hygiene products, people are increasingly attracted towards complementary and traditional practices. Oil pulling in addition to offering several oral health benefits has also beneficial effects on overall health. The present article attempts to review and discuss this ancient practice.
Control of porous silicon luminescent pattern formation by ion implantation (1993)

We present a method to generate luminescent patterns of porous silicon. The crystal Si samples were selectively amorphized by self-implantation through a deposited Al mask. After anodization, the porous Si formed on the crystal regions exhibits visible luminescence, while that on the preamorphized regions does not. The limit of resolution of the light-emitting patterns is about 2 μm.
Foreword (1943)

In any listing of essential human needs, food comes first. Not only armies march on their stomachs - the whole world so moves. Without food neither war nor peace can long be successfully maintained. In many crucial battle areas, suddenly overpopulated with fighting men, and in many disrupted war areas, suddenly exhausted of their subsistence base, the demand for food supplies is both real and urgent. Millions of armed men and millions of distressed civilians in Europe, Africa, and Asia need food now. Those same millions and other millions like them in the reconstructive period ahead are going to require more adequate food than they had before if we are ever to eliminate the undernourished, distressed people in the world. Whether or not we are our brother's keeper is but the humanitarian side of the practical problem we face, in that the peace of the world is, can be, and will be jeopardized by hungry, dissatisfied people.
Design and Implementation of an Information System for Storing and Querying Context Information in Ubiquitous Smart Space (2008)

This paper proposes a CIB framework implementing a ubiquitous smart space. In a ubiquitous smart space, a ubiquitous mobile device recognizes surrounding context, and infers the situation and provides services to users. Ubiquitous mobile devices have a RDF store to manage resources and relevant information efficiently on CIB framework. This store space is flexible on the operations such as addition, modification, deletion of information and response to query by SPARQL. In addition, it provides local information to other ubiquitous mobile devices in the from of XML and stores resource information from other ubiquitous mobile devices into local ubiquitous mobile device for the purpose of discovering external resources.
Direct write tethered protein arrays (2011)

Existing methods for fabricating protein arrays and patterns on solid surfaces rely upon multiple-step chemical reaction procedures. A more straightforward approach is described where proteins are written directly onto a protein resistant surface which eliminates the need for back-filling. This is achieved by the spatially controlled delivery of protein-containing activation solutions onto poly(N-acryloylsarcosine methyl ester) protein-resistant surfaces. The surface tethered proteins are shown to retain their biological function whilst the surrounding poly(N-acryloylsarcosine methyl ester) background prohibits non-specific protein binding.
Combined Inhibition of Notch Signaling and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Results in Synergistic Antimyeloma Effect (2010)

Signaling through the receptor/transcriptional regulator Notch plays an important role in tumor cell survival. Recent studies have demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of the Notch pathway with γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells via upregulation of the proapoptotic protein Noxa. ABT-737, a novel BH3 mimetic, was shown to block Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and induce MM cell apoptosis. Here, we investigated whether the inhibition of Notch signaling could enhance the proapoptotic effect of ABT-737. The antimyeloma effect of ABT-737 on MM cell lines or primary cells was substantially increased by the addition of Notch inhibitor. The synergistic effect of the GSI+ABT-737 combination was mediated by activation of Bak and Bax and release of cytochrome c. While toxic for MM cells, the combination of GSI and ABT-737 did not affect survival of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors. In vivo experiments using xenograft and SCID-hu models of MM demonstrated a significant antitumor effect of the GSI/ABT-737 combination as compared to the effect of Notch or Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors alone. Thus, this drug combination may be therapeutically beneficial for patients with MM.
<i>YERSINIA</i> OUTER PROTEINS: Role in Modulation of Host Cell Signaling Responses and Pathogenesis (2005)

A type III secretion system (TTSS) is encoded on a virulence plasmid that is common to three pathogenic Yersinia species: Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis. Pathogenic Yersinia species require this TTSS to survive and replicate within lymphoid tissues of their animal or human hosts. A set of pathogenicity factors, including those known as Yersinia outer proteins (Yops), is exported by this system upon bacterial infection of host cells. Two translocator Yops (YopB and YopD) insert into the host plasma membrane and function to transport six effector Yops (YopO, YopH, YopM, YopT, YopJ, and YopE) into the cytosol of the host cell. Effector Yops function to counteract multiple signaling responses in the infected host cell. The signaling responses counteracted by Yops are initiated by phagocytic receptors, Toll-like receptors, translocator Yops, and additional mechanisms. Innate and adaptive immune responses are thwarted as a consequence of Yop activities. A biochemical function for each effector Yop has been established, and the importance of these proteins for the pathogenesis process is being elucidated. This review focuses on the biochemical functions of Yops, the signaling pathways they modulate, and the role of these proteins in Yersinia virulence.
Radioport: a radio network for monitoring and diagnosing computer systems (2003)

A radio network is described for configuring, monitoring, and diagnosing the components of a computer system. Such a network offers several advantages: (a) it improves the robustness of the overall system by not having the monitoring functions rely on the interconnect of the monitored system; (b) by broadcasting information it offers direct communication between the monitoring and monitored components thereby removing dependencies inherent to hierarchical and daisy-chained wired networks; (c) it does not rely on a physical interconnect thereby offering non-intrusive monitoring, improved reliability thanks to the lack of error- and failure-prone cables and connectors, and potentially lower implementation cost.
Register windows vs. register allocation (2004)

A large register set can be exploited by keeping variables and constants in registers instead of in memory. Hardware register windows and compile-time or link-time global register allocation are ways to do this. A measure of the effectiveness of any of these register management schemes is how thoroughly they remove loads and stores. This measure must also count extra loads and stores executed because of window overflow or conflicts between procedures.By combining profiling, instrumentation, and in-line simulation, we measured the effectiveness of several register management schemes. These included compile-time and link-time schemes for allocating registers, and register window schemes using fixed-size or variable-sized windows. Link-time allocation based on profile information was the clear winner in some cases and did about as well as windows in the rest. Even link-time allocation based on an estimated profile was about as good as windows. Variable-sized windows sometimes did better than fixed-sized windows, but the difference was usually small.Register windows require extra logic in the data path, which may slow the machine cycle slightly, and often use more chip real estate for additional registers. Proponents of windows suppose that they trade these drawbacks for a reduction in the number of memory references they must make. Our results show that this tradeoff should be made the other way. Keep the hardware simple, because a link-time register allocator can nearly duplicate the improvement in memory reference frequency. Then the cycle time can be as small as possible, resulting in faster programs overall.
CAN MAXWELL'S FISH EYE LENS REALLY GIVE PERFECT IMAGING? (2010)

Both explicit analysis and FEM numerical simulation are used to analyze the field distribution of a line current in the so-called Maxwell's fish eye lens [bounded with a perfectly electrical conductor (PEC) boundary]. We show that such a 2D Maxwell's fish eye lens cannot give perfect imaging due to the fact that high order modes of the object field can hardly reach the image point in Maxwell's fish eye lens. If only zeroth order mode is excited, a good image of a sharp object may be achieved in some cases, however, its spot-size is larger than the spot size of the initial object field. The image resolution is determined by the field spot size of the image corresponding to the zeroth order component of the object field. Our explicit analysis consists very well with the FEM results for a fish eye lens. Time-domain simulation is also given to verify our conclusion. Multi-point images for a single object point are also demonstrated.
Design of Biomimetic Cell-Interactive Substrates Using Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties (2012)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide abundant in biological tissues with excellent potential for constructing synthetic extracellular matrix analogues. In this work, we established a simple and dependable approach to prepare hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with controlled stiffness and cell recognition properties for use as cell-interactive substrates. This approach relied on a new procedure for the synthesis of methacrylate-modified HA macromers (HA-MA) and, on photorheometry allowing real time monitoring of gelation during photopolymerization. We showed in this way the ability to obtain gels that encompass the range of physiologically relevant elastic moduli while still maintaining the recognition properties of HA by specific cell surface receptors. These hydrogels were prepared from HA macromers having a degree of methacrylation <0.5, which allows to minimize compromising effects on the binding affinity of HA to its cell receptors due to high substitution on the one hand, and to achieve nearly 100% conversion of the methacrylate groups on the other. When the HA hydrogels were immobilized on glass substrates, it was observed that the attachment and the spreading of a variety of mammalian cells rely on CD44 and its coreceptor RHAMM. The attachment and spreading were also shown to be modulated by the elastic properties of the HA matrix. All together, these results highlight the biological potential of these HA hydrogel systems and the needs of controlling their chemical and physical properties for applications in cell culture and tissue engineering.