gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a closed-loop strap down attitude system for an ultrahigh altitude flight experiment (1997)

A low-cost attitude system has been developed for an ultrahigh altitude flight experiment. The experiment uses a remotely piloted sailplane, with the wings modified for flight at altitudes greater than 100,000 ft. Mission requirements deem it necessary to measure the aircraft pitch and bank angles with accuracy better than 1.0 deg and heading with accuracy better than 5.0 deg. Vehicle cost restrictions and gross weight limits make installing a commercial inertial navigation system unfeasible. Instead, a low-cost attitude system was developed using strap down components. Monte Carlo analyses verified that two vector measurements, magnetic field and velocity, are required to completely stabilize the error equations. In the estimating algorithm, body-axis observations of the airspeed vector and the magnetic field are compared against the inertial velocity vector and a magnetic-field reference model. Residuals are fed back to stabilize integration of rate gyros. The effectiveness of the estimating algorithm was demonstrated using data from the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center Systems Research Aircraft (SRA) flight tests. The algorithm was applied with good results to a maximum 10' pitch and bank angles. Effects of wind shears were evaluated and, for most cases, can be safely ignored.
Ion implantation in ZnTe: Defect generation, migration and annealing (1976)

Abstract The effect of the implantation of ions of various natures (N, O, Al, Tl) in ZnTe crystals has been investigated by means of electrical and optical techniques. We show that ion implantation as well as sputtering leads to generation and migration of electrically active defects over thousands of Angstroms or microns farther than the projected range of the implanted ions. Anneals in saturated Zn vapour allow (1) the disappearance of most of the implantation defects at 300–400°C (2) the formation of a new compensated zone by surface generation and migration of intrinsic donor defects (or out-diffusion of the native acceptors) in the 500–550°C range. The temperature at which the implanted ions go into substitutional lattice sites and the nature of the defect- impurity interactions is a particular problem for each ion. The case of the cathodoluminescence efficiency of implanted Al ions is more particularly investigated.
Analytical expression of sampled Bragg gratings with chirp in the sampling period and its application in dispersion management design in a WDM system (2000)

An analytical expression for a sampled Bragg grating (SBG) with chirp in the sampling period (CSP) is derived for the first time. It is shown that such a grating can be equivalent to a special SBG with a chirp in the grating period (CGP) which is varied in the stopbands. The corresponding equivalent chirp coefficients are determined, and the design procedure of a SBG with both CSP and CGP is outlined aiming at dispersion management in WDM system device.
Behavioural Biometrics and Cognitive Security Authentication Comparison Study (2013)

Behavioural biometrics is a scientific study with the primary purpose of identifying the authenticity of a user based on the way they interact with an authentication mechanism. While Association based password authentication is a cognitive model of authentication system.
Radioimmunotherapy of micrometastases in lung with vascular targeted213Bi (1999)

A model system has been used to test the efficacy of vascular targeting of α-particle emitter213Bi for therapy of small, ‘artificial’ metastases in mouse lung. Specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 201B was used to deliver greater than 30% of the injected dose to lung where tumours had developed due to intravenous injection of cells. Specific213Bi-mAb 201B treatment of BALB/c mammary carcinoma EMT-6 tumours in lung resulted in a dose-dependent destruction of tumours and an extended lifespan of treated animals relative to controls. Significant reduction of lung tumour burden was noted in animals treated with 0.93 MBq injected dose or as little as 14 Gy absorbed dose to the lung. Animals treated with higher doses (2.6–6.7 MBq) had nearly complete cure of lung tumours but eventually died of lung fibrosis induced by the treatment. Four other tumour cell types were studied: murine Line 1 lung carcinomas in syngeneic BALB/c mice, rat IC-12 tracheal carcinoma growing in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice, and two human tumours – epidermoid carcinoma A431 and lung carcinoma A549 – growing in SCID mice. In all cases, the number of lung tumour colonies was reduced in animals treated with specific, labelled mAb relative to those in animals treated with control213Bi MAb or EDTA complexed213Bi. Tumours treated in immunodeficient SCID mice were partially destroyed or at least retarded in growth, but ultimately regrew and proved fatal, indicating that an intact immune function is necessary for complete cure. The data show that the short-lived α-particle emitter213Bi can be effectively targeted to lung blood vessels and that tumour cells growing in the lung are killed. The mechanism may involve direct killing of tumour cells from α-particle irradiation, killing through destruction of blood supply to the tumour, or a combination of the two.
An unmanned aerial vehicle with vibration sensing ability (seismic drone) (2016)

We describe the design, testing, and potential of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV or drone) with seismic sensing capabilities. The seismic or vibration sensing platform (four 100 Hz geophones plus recording electronics) is attached to a 3DR Solo Quadcopter drone. The geophone spikes become the drone’s landing legs. The drone and its geophone payload have been successfully flown a number of times with take-off, programmed or remotely controlled navigation, landing, and recording. We have conducted tests (using hammer and weight drop sources) to compare the response of the landed seismic-drone system to planted geophones and a conventional cabled seismic system. The seismic traces from the drone are quite similar to those of the planted geophones. To test the spike penetration on landing, we created three different scenarios (dropping the drone on sand, grass and dry clay) and measuring the depth of penetration (up to 20 mm). We conducted a walk-away survey with the drone versus a planted geophone line. Again the drone and planted geophone responses are very similar. We conclude that the drone-mounted geophone platform can fly to a site, land, and record seismic vibrations with similar quality as planted geophones. Detachable and roving seismic platforms may further increase the drone’s seismic reach. Drones show considerable promise for various kinds of seismic measurements and surveys. Presentation Date: Monday, October 17, 2016 Start Time: 3:20:00 PM Location: 148 Presentation Type: ORAL
Other Books in the Series (2003)

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Alkylsulfonamido estrogens (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylsulfonamido estrogensDouglas G. Mikolasek, Duane G. Gallo, Joseph L. Minielli, Gordon R. McKinney, and A. A. LarsenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1969, 12, 6, 1105–1106Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00306a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00306a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Temperature and Light on the Stability of Latanoprost and its Clinical Relevance (2001)

Latanoprost exhibits thermal and solar instability and should ideally be stored below room temperature and in the dark. The importance of these storage conditions should be conveyed clearly to the patient.
Overpressure Calibrated Design of Hydraulic Fracture Stimulations (1988)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new concept, model, and procedure to design hydraulic fracturing treatments. The purpose of the paper is to develop an approach in designing hydraulic fracture stimulations that would be more consistent with field observations and would better match the field net fracture propagation pressure. The concept and procedure consist of using the net fracture pressure measured shortly after shut-in (overpressure) to determine the apparent fracture toughness (Γ or K1c) of the formation. This field calibrated K1c or overpressure is then used as an input to an approximate hydraulic fracture simulator, called ENERFRAC, to design the hydraulic fracture stimulation volume and proppant injection schedule. The field overpressure needed to determine the K1c can be accurately measured using a minifrac test. The overpressure is defined as the difference between the corrected instantaneous shut-in pressure and the minimum in-situ stress. Frequently, the field calibrated K1c could be one to two orders of magnitude larger than those measured in the laboratory using small samples. This high value of K1c is attributed to the field and scale dependent process zone at the fracture tip. The field calibrated K1c could dominate the fracture growth and needs to be included in the hydraulic fracture model to predict realistic fracture dimensions. This paper provides an approximate model, called ENERFRAC, that incorporates the effect of K1c in addition to the other interacting processes of viscous fluid flow, elastic rock deformation, and fluid loss in the conventional models of contained and uncontained fractures. This paper outlines the procedure for the overpressure calibrated design and provides three field examples to illustrate the design procedure and to show the effect of designing with and without overpressures. Examples of treatments that are more aggressive (with smaller pad and larger amount of proppant) or more conservative (with larger pad) than those generated by the Khristianovic/Geertsma/deKlerk model (KGD) are presented. Thus, the proposed overpressure calibrated design not only provides a stimulation that is more consistent with field observations but may also reduce the risk of premature sand-out.
Methods in protein engineering and screening : from rational design to directed evolution and beyond (2017)

Humans have engineered organisms for thousands of years. The domestication of plants and animals are early examples of how humans have changed genotypes of organisms for prized traits that persist today. The genotype to phenotype linkage is often the result of the expression or performance of proteins found within an organism. The modern era of biological engineering has seen the emergence of two fundamentally distinct philosophies on how best to alter the genetic code of an organism or sequence of a particular protein for desired phenotypic outcomes. Rational design and directed evolution are often seen as two competing methodologies working towards the same goal—the engineering of proteins and ultimately organisms. Here, I attempt to bridge the gap between the two engineering strategies and argue that a combination is needed in many cases. Starting with the rationalization of directed evolution experiments using software tools, we begin to understand the predictive power and limitations of rational computational approaches. We then explore the computational resurfacing of an enzyme and discover an unpredicted thermoswitchable phenotype. Next, we rationally design a number of fusion proteins, which allow us to create novel point-of-care diagnostics. We then turn our attention to the directed evolution of a number of DNA polymerases with novel functions. The amalgamation of rational design and directed evolution are then extended to a eukaryotic organism, which enables us to engineer more complex proteins and gives us the ability to create novel drug screening and discovery platforms.
Modified bilateral filtering algorithm with gradient weight factor (2014)

Motivated by the traditional bilateral filtering, apart from considering geometric closeness and photometric similarity, we introduce the gradient factor to form a new filter kernel. Gradient reflects to the trend of edge and texture directly. By introducing the gradient weight factor, the proposed filtering algorithm overcomes the isotropy of the traditional Gaussian function, and has the directional filtering effect. Expanding from the direction of the gradient to both sides, pixels approach the trend of edges gradually. When replaces the current pixel by a weighted average of its neighbors, the proposed algorithm assigns a greater weight to the pixels that approach the trend of edges, in order to enhance the contrast of the edges. Experimental results show that, through the introduction of the gradient weight factor, the proposed method can not only restrain noise, but also keep much more weak edges and details of the input images.
A new method for measurement of carbon dioxide flux in the lungs during breathing (2003)

I have developed a method of measuring alveolar ventilation (V˙ A) for the purposes of calculating minute carbon dioxide production (V˙ CO2) in subjects breathing via a partial rebreathing circuit. I consider the patient and circuit as a single metabolic unit and make calculations based on mass balances around the circuit. V˙ A is determined by gradually reducing the flow of fresh gas (FGF) delivered to the partial rebreathing circuit until the end-tidal pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) begins to rise, indicating that previously exhaled gas is being rebreathed. The FGF delivered to the circuit at this point is equal to V˙ A. Fourteen subjects breathed via a partial rebreathing circuit at rest. The sequential delivery of fresh gas and rebreathed gas through the circuit allowed V˙ A to be identified when the flow was reduced to a point where P ETCO2 just began to rise. V˙ CO 2 was then calculated as (FGF x PETCO2)/(barometric pressure). V˙ CO2 was compared to that measured by a commercial metabolic cart (MC) and a standard bag collection. The difference (M +/− SD) between V˙ CO2 measured by the new method and the bag collection was 0.009 ± 0.037 L/min, and between the MC and the bag collection was 0.001 ± 0.052 L/min. The coefficients of variation for the circuit and MC on a test-retest basis were 2.8 and 11.4%, respectively, and the coefficients of variation for the circuit and the MC on a breath-by-breath basis were 3.3 and 34.0%, respectively. This study employs the first practical method for finding V˙ A for the purposes of calculating V˙ CO2 with a high accuracy and a greater precision than standard bag collections and commercial metabolic carts.
Unequal Treatment of United States Citizens: Eroding the Constitutional Safeguards (2003)

This comment examines the unequal treatment of United States citizens who are labeled enemy combatants by looking at the factual and procedural background of Padilla, Hamdi and Lindh. Next, this comment examines the origins of the label enemy combatant and the constitutional safeguards afforded to criminal defendants in similar situations as Padilla, Hamdi,and Lindh. The terrorist acts Padilla, Hamdi, and Lindh are accused of involve international laws. Therefore, this comment will examine the Geneva Conventions as a means to understand humanitarian protections that may cover Padilla and Hamdi. Finally, this comment will provide recommendations for some of the issues raised.
Offshore wind farms and commercial fisheries in the UK: A study in Stakeholder Consultation (2005)

This paper is an exploration of a current environmental issue dividing two industries in the UK. The issue is offshore wind farms, and the industries are commercial fishing and wind energy. The controversy over offshore wind farms highlights three core issues of conflict: the adequacy of stakeholder consultation processes; the right to compensation for loss of livelihood; and the lack of adequate data. We find that the characterisations that developers, regulators, and fishers hold of each other critically inform their positions on these issues. We examine the weak bargaining position of fishers, and the ‘power game’ that is played out between them and developers. We conclude that offshore wind farm development would be better managed if stakeholder consultation was more extensive, compensation claims were standardised, and scientific data were more readily available, but that in the meantime, fishers could improve their bargaining power by mobilising potential allies.
Chromatin unfolding by Cdt1 regulates MCM loading via opposing functions of HBO1 and HDAC11-geminin (2010)

The efficiency of metazoan origins of DNA replication is known to be enhanced by histone acetylation near origins. Although this correlates with increased MCM recruitment, the mechanism by which such acetylation regulates MCM loading is unknown. We show here that Cdt1 induces large-scale chromatin decondensation that is required for MCM recruitment. This process occurs in G₁, is suppressed by Geminin, and requires HBO1 HAT activity and histone H4 modifications. HDAC11, which binds Cdt1 and replication origins during S-phase, potently inhibits Cdt1-induced chromatin unfolding and re-replication, suppresses MCM loading and binds Cdt1 more efficiently in the presence of Geminin. We also demonstrate that chromatin at endogenous origins is more accessible in G₁ relative to S-phase. These results provide evidence that histone acetylation promotes MCM loading via enhanced chromatin accessibility. This process is regulated positively by Cdt1 and HBO1 in G₁ and repressed by Geminin-HDAC11 association with Cdt1 in S-phase, and represents a novel form of replication licensing control.
Effect of the content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in plasmid DNA on the sustainability of transgene expression (2009)

The duration of transgene expression of IFN-gamma was successfully increased by reducing the CpG content of IFN-expressing plasmid vector, which resulted in an increased anticancer activity of IFN gene transfer.
Doping in cubic silicon–carbide (1999)

We studied the energetics and the properties of impurity states that result from doping cubic silicon–carbide (3C–SiC) with aluminum (Al), boron (B), and nitrogen (N) atoms using the tight-binding linear combination of muffin-tin orbital atomic sphere approximation method. For Al doping, it is only favorable to substitute Al for Si atoms. The corresponding hole states contribute to a partially filled weak peak near the Fermi energy. For B doping, it is possible to replace either Si or C atoms in the crystal. When a B atom is at a Si site, the hole states exhibit behavior similar to the case of Al doping. However, when a B atom is at a C site, the hole states form a partially filled strong peak above the Fermi energy. This localized feature is explained in terms of the screening effect of the neighboring atoms. For n-type doping, a N atom can enter either the Si or C site. The latter site is more energetically favorable. Furthermore, the corresponding donor states form deep impurity states within the gap. In contrast, when a N atom is at a Si site, shallow donor states are formed.
<sup>18</sup>FDG PET in Vascular Dementia: Differentiation from Alzheimer's Disease Using Voxel-Based Multivariate Analysis (2006)

The brain metabolic pattern of vascular dementia (VaD) remains poorly characterized. Univariate voxel-based analysis ignores the functional correlations among structures and may lack sensitivity and specificity. Here, we applied a novel voxel-based multivariate technique to a large ((18)F)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography data set. The sample consisted of 153 subjects, one-third each being probable subcortical VaD, probable Alzheimer disease (AD) (matched for Mini-Mental-State examination (MMSE) and age), and normal controls (NCs). We first applied principal component (PC) analysis and removed PCs significantly correlated to age. The remainders were used as feature vectors in a canonical variate analysis to generate canonical variates (CVs), that is, linear combinations of PC-scores. The first two CVs efficiently separated the groups. CV(1) separated VaD from AD with 100% accuracy, whereas CV(2) separated NC from demented subjects with 72% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Images depicting CV(1) and CV(2) showed that lower metabolism differentiating VaD from AD mainly concerned the deep gray nuclei, cerebellum, primary cortices, middle temporal gyrus, and anterior cingulate gyrus, whereas lower metabolism in AD versus VaD concerned mainly the hippocampal region and orbitofrontal, posterior cingulate, and posterior parietal cortices. The hypometabolic pattern common to VaD and AD mainly concerned the posterior parietal, precuneus, posterior cingulate, prefrontal, and anterior hippocampal regions, and linearly correlated with the MMSE. This study shows the potential of voxel-based multivariate methods to highlight independent functional networks in dementing diseases. By maximizing the separation between groups, this method extracted a metabolic pattern that efficiently differentiated VaD and AD.
Three haplotypes associated with CYP2A6 phenotypes in Caucasians (2005)

The human cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) enzyme metabolizes several xenobiotic compounds of clinical or toxicological importance. We aimed to identify genetic variants and major CYP2A6 haplotypes associated with CYP2A6 phenotypic variation. CYP2A6 mRNA level, protein level, activity and haplotypes were determined in Caucasian liver samples via real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, coumarin 7-hydroxylation, DNA sequencing and genotyping, respectively. Phenotypes were then analyzed for associations with haplotypes. CYP2A6 transcript, protein and activity levels were correlated among each other. In 45 African-American, 156 Caucasian, 47 Chinese, 50 Japanese and 47 Korean DNA samples, we detected 95 different polymorphisms in the CYP2A6 gene, 49 of which had not been described previously. Caucasian variants formed 33 haplotypes which built four clades. Allele *9B and the CYP2A7/2A6 partial deletion allele CYP2A6*12B were both associated with decreased expression. The latter haplotype extends at least over 147 kb up into the CYP2B6 gene. A haplotype almost identical to allele *1A was associated with decreased expression and activity of CYP2A6 compared to all other haplotypes. In summary A CYP2A6*1A-like allele, *9B and *12B are major genetic determinants of CYP2A6 phenotype variation in Caucasians.