gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune Therapies in Multiple Myeloma (2016)

Treatment paradigms have changed rapidly for multiple myeloma, and immune therapies have taken center stage. Advances in therapies for myeloma have led to a dramatic improvement in the survival of patients with this incurable malignancy. The immune system is significantly impaired in patients with myeloma as a result of the disease leading to suppression of normal plasma cells as well the negative effects on cellular immunity. Given this scenario, immune approaches have not been successful until recently. Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD38 (daratumumab) and SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) are already in the clinic, and several other antibodies directed against different plasma cell antigens are under evaluation. Although immune checkpoint inhibition with PD-1 inhibitors had no clinical efficacy when the inhibitors were used as single agents, it has led to some dramatic results when the inhibitors are combined with immunomodulatory drugs such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Vaccination strategies have shown in vivo immune responses but no clear clinical efficacy. Newer approaches to vaccination with multiple antigens, used in combinations with immunomodulatory drugs and in the setting of minimal residual disease, have all increased possibility of this approach succeeding. Ex vivo effector cell expansion also appears to be promising and is in clinical trials. Finally, a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell approach appears to have some promise based on isolated reports of success and remains an area of intense investigation. Immune-based approaches can potentially augment or even supplant some of the current approaches and, given the low toxicity profile, may hold great potential in the early treatment of precursor-stage diseases. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5453-60. ©2016 AACR SEE ALL ARTICLES IN THIS CCR FOCUS SECTION, "MULTIPLE MYELOMA MULTIPLYING THERAPIES".
Further studies on hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I); intermediate species in hydroformylation; rhodium and iridium analogues (1970)

An attempt has been made either to isolate and/or to characterise by i.r. and n.m.r. spectroscopy the intermediate species in the catalytic hydroformylation of alk-1-enes by use of hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium, or, where this is not possible, to prepare analogues of similar rhodium or iridium species with less reactive metal–carbon bonds. Species of the following types have been characterised : Square alkyls and acyls : MR(CO)(PPh3)2(M = Rh, R = C2F4H; M =Ir, R = EtCO, or Ph); pentaco-ordinate alkyls and acyls : MR(CO)2(PPh3)2(M = Rh, R = C2F4H, EtCO, or PhCO; M = Ir, R = Et, Ph, EtCO, or PhCO); MR(CO)3(PPh3)(M = Rh, R = C2F4H, EtCO, or PhCO; M = Ir, R = EtCO or PhCO); Rh(C2F4H)(SO2)(CO)(PPh3)2; and octahedral alkyls and acyls: Rh(C2F4H)HCl(CO)(PPh3)2, lr(EtCO)HCl(CO)(PPh3)2. The species are shown to undergo reversible carbonylation, decarbonylation, and oxidative addition reactions and the relevance to the hydroformylation mechanism is discussed.
Acetylglucagon: Preparation and Characterization (1975)

Acetylated derivatives of glucagon have been prepared by reacting this hormone under various conditions with acetic anhydride. They have been chemically characterized by the use of a 14C-labeled reagent, by peptide mapping techniques following hydrolysis by pronase and chymotrypsin, and by spectroscopy. Acetylation in sodium acetate (pH 5.5) results in a full substitution of the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal histidyl residue, but in a partial (about 0.3 acetyl group per residue) substitution of the epsilon-amino group of the lysyl residue 12. The monosubstituted (on the alpha-amino group) and the disubstituted (on both amino groups) acetylated components have been separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose. Acetylation in sodium bicarbonate (pH 8.0) results in a complete substitution of both amino groups and of the hydroxyl groups of the tyrosyl residues 10 and 13. Complete deacetylation of the O-acetyltyrosyl residues occurs upon treatment with hydroxyl-amine. Mono, di and tetraacetylglucagon are homogeneous when analyzed by disc gel electrophoresis; di and tetrasubstituted derivatives show an increased mobility towards the anode. 125I-labeled derivatives of acetylglucagon show higher distribution coefficients in the aqueous two-phase dextran/poly(ethylene glycol) system than do similar derivatives of glucagon. Acetylation decreases in parallel the ability of glucagon to stimulate the activity of adenylate cyclase and to bind to its receptors in liver cell membranes of the rat. The biological potencies of the mono, di and tetrasubstituted derivates are, respectively, about 10, 1 and 0.1% that of native glucagon. The binding properties of the material dissociated from the acetylglucagon-receptor complex suggest that the reduction in biological activity results from a decrease in the intrinsic affinity of the modified glucagon for the receptors, as well as from the presence of small amounts of residual, unreacted glucagon. Studies with 125I-labeled derivatives of glucagon indicate that acetylation decreases the rate of association and increases the rate of dissociation of the hormone-receptor complex.
Immunoassay Using a Metal-complex Compound as a Chemiluminescent Catalyst. II. An Improvement of the Analytical Method for Practical Use (1983)

Abstract Immunoassay using a synthesized metal-complex compound as a labeling reagent has been investigated. Iron(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(chlorocarbonyl)phthalocyanine, which showed a marked catalytic action in the chemiluminescence reaction between luminol and H2O2, was synthesized, and albumin was labeled with it. Albumin in the range from 50 ng/tube to 50 μg/tube could be determined by measuring the chemiluminescence intensity in a competitive immunoassay using glass beads immobilized with an antibody. The present method became about 40 time as sensitive as the previous method by optimizing the labeling procedure, the chemiluminescence reaction, and the immune reaction.
Image Enhancement of Conventional Transverse-Axial Tomograms (1979)

An image processing system for image enhancement of conventional transverse axial tomography (TAT) is described. Conventional TAT means a tomography system in which the X-ray source and X-ray film move in a circular arc about the long axis of the patient, which is a different technique from computerized tomography. In the image processing system described, the original X-ray tomograms are digitized, high-pass filtered, and displayed on a TV monitor. The results of processing several clinical tomograms are shown, and definite improvements in the observed information are noted. The basic technique should be equally applicable to other conventional tomography systems, e.g., linear tomography or hypocycloidal tomography.
Duality of reconstruction and positioning from projective views (2002)

Given multiple image data from a set of points in 3D, there are two fundamental questions that can be addressed: (1) What is the structure of the set of points in 3D? (2) What are the positions of the cameras relative to the points? In this paper, we show that for projective views and with structure- and position-defined modulo linear transformations, these problems are are dual in the sense that their solution arises from constraint equations where space point and camera positions occur in a reciprocal way. The problem of computing camera positions from m points in n views can be solved with the same algorithm as the problem of directly reconstructing n+4 points in m-4 views. This unifies different approaches for projective reconstruction: methods based on external calibration and direct methods exploiting constraints that exist between space and image invariants.
Ubuntu徹底入門 : The Official Ubuntu Book日本語版 (2007)

１ Ｕｂｕｎｔｕ入門 ２ Ｕｂｕｎｔｕのインストール ３ Ｕｂｕｎｔｕデスクトップを使おう ４ 高度な使い方とＵｂｕｎｔｕの管理 ５ Ｕｂｕｎｔｕ Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ ６ サポートとよくある問題 ７ Ｋｕｂｕｎｔｕの使用 ８ Ｕｂｕｎｔｕコミュニティ ９ Ｕｂｕｎｔｕ関連のプロジェクト
Optimum Design of Hollow Conductor in Stator Winding for Large Evaporative Hydro-generator (2006)

A new type of evaporative inner-cooling system used in large hydro-generator has exceeded over other traditional cooling methods that is characterized by two-phase flow and boiling heat transfer. For this reason, in the case of the optimum design of generator, some design variables different from an water-cooling or air-cooling machine should be considered, which will lead to substantial improvement on the temperature rise of stator winding and core. The major design variables that are considered by using 3D electromagnetic finite element method (FEM) coupled with evaporative-cooling heat transfer analysis in this paper are dimension of hollow conductor used in the stator bar, efficiency of machine and ultimate capacity of machine. The analysis results show that, based on the existing design of water-cooling system of Three Gorges' hydro-generator installed on the left bank, increase the dimension of hollow conductor will result in a whole better temperature distribution and thermal load capability in the stator of evaporative cooling hydro-generator than in water-cooling hydro-generator. This study presents an effective dimension of hollow conductor for the Three Gorges' hydro-generators that satisfy the request of operating efficiency. Conclusion of this paper can be provided as academic foundation for improving design and manufacture high-capacity hydro-generator with evaporative inner-cooling system
<i>Ab initio</i> study of the absorption spectra of Agn (<i>n</i>=5–8) clusters (2001)

The absorption spectra of Ag5–8 have been determined in the framework of the linear response equation-of-motion coupled cluster method and related techniques employing 11-electron relativistic effective core potential. In these treatments electron correlation effects for 11 electrons per atom are included, providing an accurate description of excited states of silver clusters. The calculations of transition energies and oscillator strengths have been carried out in a large energy interval for the stable structures and for the isomeric forms higher in energy. This allowed us to investigate the influence of structural properties on the spectroscopic patterns and to determine the role of d-electrons. Inclusion of d-electrons in the correlation treatment is mandatory to obtain accurate values for transition energies, but the excitations of s-electrons are primarily responsible for the spectroscopic patterns. They are characterized by the interference phenomena known in molecular spectroscopy which lead to a small number of intense and a large number of weak resonances. The calculated absorption spectra for the stable structures provide accurate predictions of the optical response properties in the gas phase and at the zero temperature. Since for neutral silver clusters the experimental data in the gas phase are not yet available, we also calculated spectra for deformed structures which model the influence of the environment such as rare-gas atoms, solid Ar-matrix or He-droplet. Comparison of our results with available experimental data permits us to identify structural properties responsible for the recorded spectral features.
Transgenic mice that overexpress the human trefoil peptide pS2 have an increased resistance to intestinal damage. (1996)

pS2 is a member of the trefoil peptide family, all of which are overexpressed at sites of gastrointestinal injury. We hypothesized that they are important in stimulating mucosal repair. To test this idea, we have produced a transgenic mice strain that expresses human pS2 (hpS2) specifically within the jejunum and examined the effect of this overexpression on proliferation and susceptibility to indomethacin-induced damage. A transgenic mouse was produced by microinjecting fertilized oocytes with a 1.7-kb construct consisting of rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein promoter (positions -1178 to +28) linked to full-length (490 bp) hpS2 cDNA. Screening for positive animals was by Southern blot analysis. Distribution of hpS2 expression was determined by using Northern and Western blot analyses and immunohistochemical staining. Proliferation of the intestinal mucosa was determined by assessing the crypt cell production rate. Differences in susceptibility to intestinal damage were analyzed in animals that had received indomethacin (85 mg/kg s.c.) 0-30 h previously. Expression of hpS2 was limited to the enterocytes of the villi within the jejunum. In the nondamaged intestine, villus height and crypt cell production rate were similar in transgenic and negative (control) litter mates. However, there was a marked difference in the amount of damage caused by indomethacin in control and transgenic animals in the jejunum (30% reduction in villus height in controls vs. 12% reduction in transgenic animals, P < 0.01) but the damage sustained in the non-hpS2-expressing ileal region was similar in control and transgenic animals. These studies support the hypothesis that trefoil peptides are important in stimulating gastrointestinal repair.
Information Technology and National Trade Facilitation: Making the Most of Global Trade (1995)

INFORMATION;TECHNOLOGY;TRADE
Ambiguity function display: an improved coherent processor (1977)

A coherent optical processor for displaying a signal's ambiguity function is described. The required time delay is realized by 45 degrees rotations of two identical input transparencies and the Doppler shift by a 1-D Fourier transformation. The entire ambiguity function is displayed in the output (Doppler shift-time delay) plane. Examples of the optically computed ambiguity function for single and double pulse signals are shown to be in excellent agreement with theory. Advantages of this approach over other schemes and possible extension to real time processing are also discussed.
Studies on Peanut Proteins (1973)

Conarachin consisted of Conarachin I and Conarachin II (about 1:1) which are different in physicochemical properties.Conarachin I(2S) did not show any association-dissociation reactions upon the changes of ionic strength (pH 8.6) and had no subunit structure. From the results of gel electrophoresis, it was ascertained that it consisted of several different kinds of proteins.Conarachin II was changed into 8S at high ionic strength and into 18S at low ionic strength, but, in denaturing solutions it was dissociated into subunits having a sedimentation coefficient of 2S. However, no difference in mobilities between subunits on gel electrophoresis was observed. The subunit structure of 8S form was more stable and undissociable than that of 18S form.
Two approaches to the luminance enhancement of backlighting units for LCDs (1999)

Abstract— Two approaches to the luminance enhancement of a backlighting unit for a LCD have been followed. One uses a light‐collimating sheet, which changes the light direction from an oblique angle to the normal angle, resulting in higher luminance intensity at the normal direction. By optimizing its refractive index and the apex angle, a luminance enhancement of 30% was achieved. This collimating sheet has a light distribution whose angles at half luminous intensity were the same as the LCD's viewing angles. The other approach uses a reflective polarizer sheet, which reflects one of the polarization components and recycles it to the other polarization component in order to increase the total amount of light. This sheet also has a luminance enhancement of 30%. The designs and the measured data obtained through each approach are presented.
Improved dc dynamic scattering with redox dopants in ester liquid crystals (1976)

Redox dopants are used to improve the dc dynamic scattering (DS) characteristics of phenyl benzoate liquid crystals as compared to the use of salt-type conductive dopants. The redox dopants are selected by their electrochemical properties so that they react preferentially and reversibly at the electrodes, thus providing the current carriers for the dc-DS effect. Low-threshold voltages (∼2 V), high scattering efficiency (99% at 20 V), and long dc-DS lifetimes (up to 18 000 h) are obtained with an ester liquid crystal containing a redox dopant pair consisting of di-n-butyl-ferrocene and (2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenylidene) malononitrile.
Reversal of multidrug resistance by cisplatin-loaded magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in A549/DDP lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (2013)

The purpose of this study was to explore whether magnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)-MNP) loaded with cisplatin (Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP) can reverse DDP resistance in lung cancer cells and to investigate mechanisms of multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay showed that DDP inhibited both A549 cells and DDP-resistant A549 cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner, and that this inhibition was enhanced by Fe(3)O(4)-MNP. An increased rate of apoptosis was detected in the Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP group compared with a control group and the Fe(3)O(4)-MNP group by flow cytometry, and typical morphologic features of apoptosis were confirmed by confocal microscopy. Accumulation of intracellular DDP in the Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP group was greater than that in the DDP group by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Further, lower levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein-1, lung resistance-related protein, Akt, and Bad, and higher levels of caspase-3 genes and proteins, were demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting in the presence of Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP. We also demonstrated that Fe(3)O(4)-MNP enhanced the effect of DDP on tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice bearing DDP-resistant human A549 xenografts by decreasing localization of lung resistance-related protein and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in cells. There were no apparent signs of toxicity in the animals. Overall, these findings suggest potential clinical application of Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP to increase cytotoxicity in lung tumor xenografts.
The dehydrochlorination of propylene dichloride (1950)

Abstract The catalytic dehydrochlorination of propylene dichloride has been studied, with particular reference to the preparation of allyl chloride. Various solid catalysts have been tried, at temperatures between 200° and 450° c, but in every case mixtures of the three isomeric monochloropropenes have resulted. The most satisfactory performance was given by iodine at 450° c. which, at 0·5% concentration, gave 20°, conversion into mixed chloropropenes containing 31% allyl chloride. Side reactions were small, the yield of chloropropenes based on propylene dichloride consumed being 85·8°.
The Effect of Fuel Injection on NOx Emissions and Undesirable Combustion for Hydrogen-Fueled Piston Engines (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Direct cylinder injection for hydrogen-fueled piston engines was studied experimentally with an ASTM-CFR engine. An injection scheme was devised for which the combustion occurs during the period of hydrogen injection so that little unburned hydrogen accumulates in the cylinder. This scheme should preclude flashback and preignition, and lowers the rate of cylinder pressure rise to acceptable levels. The potential of hydrogen as a low pollution fuel was investigated by comparing the NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from the same engine operated on hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuel. NO<sub>x</sub> emissions for hydrogen are very low provided the equivalence ratio is less than 0.5, and provided the hydrogen and air are well mixed. For equivalence ratios greater than 0.5, NO<sub>x</sub> emissions for hydrogen fuel were higher than for hydrocarbon fuel. With hydrogen injection, indicated mean effective pressure was varied between 0.07 MPa and 0.78 MPa without intake air throttling. Indicated efficiencies higher than 40% were achieved for part-load equivalence ratios, near 0.3. The timing of hydrogen injection has a significant effect on NO<sub>x</sub> emissions.</div>
Gd and Eu Co-Doped Nanoscale Metal–Organic Framework as a T1–T2 Dual-Modal Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2016)

Recently, a growing interest has been seen in the development of <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>-<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> dual-mode probes that can simultaneously enhance contrast on <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>- and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>-weighted images. A common strategy is to integrate <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> components in a decoupled manner into a nanoscale particle. This approach, however, often requires a multi-step synthesis and delicate nanoengineering, which may potentially affect the production and wide application of the probes. We herein report the facile synthesis of a 50-nm nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF) comprising gadolinium (Gd<sup>3+</sup>) and europium (Eu<sup>3+</sup>) as metallic nodes. These nanoparticles can be prepared in large quantities and can be easily coated with a layer of silica. The yielded Eu,Gd-NMOF@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are less toxic, highly fluorescent, and afford high longitudinal (38 mM<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>) and transversal (222 mM<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>) relaxivities on a 7 T magnet. The nanoparticles were conjugated with c(RGDyK), a tumor-targeting peptide sequence, which has a high binding affinity toward integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>. Eu,Gd-NMOF@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, when intratumorally or intravenously injected, induce simultaneous signal enhancement and signal attenuation on <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>-and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>-weighted images, respectively. These results suggest great potential of the NMOFs as a novel <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>-<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> dual-mode contrast agent.
Mutual Coupling Calibration for Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems (2015)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising technique to greatly increase the spectral efficiency and may be adopted by the next generation mobile communication systems. Base stations (BSs) equipped with large-scale antennas can serve multiple users simultaneously by exploiting the downlink precoding in time division duplex (TDD) mode. However, channel state information (CSI) of uplink transmissions cannot be simply used for downlink precoding, because the gain mismatches of the transceiver radio frequency (RF) circuits disable the channel reciprocity. In this paper, we focus on antenna calibration for massive MIMO systems with maximal ratio transmit (MRT) precoding to solve the channel nonreciprocity problem. A new calibration method, called mutual coupling calibration, is proposed by using the effect of mutual coupling between adjacent antennas. By exploiting this method, the BS can perform the calibration without extra hardware circuit and users' involvement. We also build up the model of calibration error and derive the closed-form expressions of the ergodic sum-rates for evaluating the impact of calibration error on system performance. Simulation results verify the high calibration accuracy of the proposed method and show the significant improvement of system performance by performing antenna calibration.