gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Reversible Mass Transport for Archival Memory (2009)

We report on a simple electromechanical memory device in which an iron nanoparticle shuttle is controllably positioned within a hollow nanotube channel. The shuttle can be moved reversibly via an electrical write signal and can be positioned with nanoscale precision. The position of the shuttle can be read out directly via a blind resistance read measurement, allowing application as a nonvolatile memory element with potentially hundreds of memory states per device. The shuttle memory has application for archival storage, with information density as high as 10(12) bits/in(2), and thermodynamic stability in excess of one billion years.
The Effect of Tool–Sheet Interaction on Damage Evolution in Electromagnetic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Sheet (2005)

A study of the effect of tool–sheet interaction on damage evolution in electromagnetic forming is presented. Free form and conical die experiments were carried out on 1 mm AA5754 sheet. Safe strains beyond the conventional forming limit diagram (FLD) were observed in a narrow region in the free form experiments, and over a significant region of the part in the conical die experiments. A parametric numerical study was undertaken, that showed that tool–sheet interaction had a significant effect on damage evolution. Metallographic analysis was carried out to quantify damage in the parts and to confirm the numerical results.
Atheroprotective role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (2014)

Numerous epidemiological studies documented an inverse relationship between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and the extent of atherosclerotic disease. However, clinical interventions targeting HDL cholesterol failed to show clinical benefits with respect to cardiovascular risk reduction, suggesting that HDL components distinct from cholesterol may account for anti-atherogenic effects attributed to this lipoprotein. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-a lysosphingolipid exerting its biological activity via binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors and regulating a wide array of biological responses in a variety of different organs and tissues including the cardiovascular system-has been identified as an integral constituent of HDL particles. In the present review, we discuss current evidence from epidemiological studies, experimental approaches in vitro, and animal models of atherosclerosis, suggesting that S1P contributes to atheroprotective effects exerted by HDL particles.
OUTBREAK OF DRUG USERS IN METRO MANILA (2017)

The effects of a 246-week outbreak of drugusers among people in barangays ofMetro Manila, Philippinesweredeterminedby simulating the minimum numberof drug users; minimum number of weeks to influence at least 80 percent non-drug users; effects of the average contact of drug users with non-drug user friends,average parental guidance per contact with drug user friends, and average PoliceOfficer visibility per round via Netlogo simulation for quick results of the study.Findingsindicatedthat8 drug-user friends can influence at least80percent non-drug user friends in 246 weeks. It also depicted that increasing the averagecontact period of drug users with non-drug users, may or may not influence inusing drugs, and increasingthe average parental guidance per contact with drugusers, slightly decreases the spread of drug usage, however,increasing the PoliceOfficer visibility per round, decreases the spread of drug usage
Experimental Investigation of HLP Nanofluid Potential to Enhance Oil Recovery: A Mechanistic Approach (2012)

Abstract Regarding the most reservoirs around the world are experiencing their second half of life, the need for an appropriate EOR method utilizing efficient new technologies gets more important. Nanotechnology is an advanced technology finding its place in EOR processes as it provides a high potential for oil and gas recovery. In this study, a special type of polysilicon nanoparticle (HLP, Hydrophobic and Lipophilic Polysilicon) is investigated as an EOR agent during different water injection scenarios. The water-wet sandstone core samples are employed. Injection of HLP nanoparticle dispersed in a carrier fluid can improve oil recovery through two mechanisms: reduction of interfacial tension and wettability alteration. Reduction of interfacial tension improves pore-scale displacement efficiency. In addition, wettability alteration towards less water-wet condition provides an ideal wetting state increasing oil recovery. Three scenarios of HLP nanofluid injections are applied. First, the nanofluid is injected after waterflooding at ultimate oil saturation. Second, 3 porevolume water injection is applied after the sequence of water and HLP nanofluid injections. Third, HLP nanofluid is injected from beginning. HLP nanofluid application lowers the oil-water interfacial tension by a factor of ten as well as changing the contact angle from 123° to 99°indicating less water wet condition. The experienced oil recoveries and pressure drops during the experiments are reported for each scenario. In all scenarios, the most of oil recovered through the first injected pore volume. According to oil recoveries, nanofluid injection from the beginning can enhance oil production considerably in compare to the other ones. Moreover, pressure drop data indicate severe permeability impairment after three pore-volume injection of nanofluids. Experimentally, nanotechnology has proved its potential to enhance oil recovery however many aspects are still in progress to be known.
Chiral Zirconium Complex as Brønsted Base Catalyst in Asymmetric Direct‐type Mannich Reactions (2010)

Activating carbonyls: Asymmetric direct-type Mannich reaction using a chiral zirconium complex as Brønsted base is demonstrated. Zirconium complexes prepared from Zr(OtBu) and 3,3′-disubstituted BINOL are found to be good catalysts in the reactions of an iminoester with malonates, and high enantioselectivities are obtained.
Capacitive coupling and quantized feedback applied to conventional CMOS technology (2002)

An on-chip capacitor which is formed under a bonding pad is used to block the DC level of an external input signal. Quantized feedback using a self-triggered decision circuit is used to establish local DC voltage levels in the receiver and eliminate the "zero wander" effect. Measurement of a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS chip has demonstrated that: a BER (Bit Error Rate) test for a 2/sup 31/-1 sequence showed no errors at 600 Mb/s; the circuit detected a low frequency signal of 1 Kb/s indicating that coding is not required; and the input signal can be DC biased anywhere, limited only by the ESD diodes, between VDD and VSS without affecting the final recovered CMOS waveform.
Renal Cell Carcinoma With Clear Cell and Papillary Features (2012)

Key morphologic clues and a focused immunohistochemical panel, including CK7, α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), TFE3, cathepsin K, and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), now allow most resected RCCs with papillary architecture and clear cells to be accurately classified. In other cases, cytogenetic and molecular findings can establish the diagnosis. Despite these tools, some RCCs with papillary architecture and clear cells do not fit into any of the described entities and currently remain unclassified.
High torque density ferrite permanent magnet vernier motor analysis and design with demagnetization consideration (2015)

This paper proposes a low speed dual stator spoke type vernier permanent magnet motor (DSSVPM) using ferrite permanent magnets (PMs). The replacement of conventional rare earth PMs reduces the cost of machine manufacturing. The design of DSSVPM uses an analytical optimization model to achieve the maximum electrical and magnetic loading whilst the ferrite PMs can still withstand the presence of fault current. The analytical model was verified using finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA results are then compared to an existing Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) machine. The FEA results indicate the DSSVPM does not only achieve higher torque production but also higher power factor and efficiency than the existing IPM machine. After the occurrence of an electrical fault, the results show that the DSSVPM delivers higher torque production than that of the existing IPM machine, despite the minor demagnetization that appeared at the corner of each ferrite PM. The comparison concludes that the proposed ferrite DSSVPM shows considerable performance in low speed machinery applications.
A New Aromatic Diol Chain Extender for Urethane Elastomers (1981)

A significant effort has been carried out in recent years on chain extenders for urethane elastomers. This has been prompted primarily by the search for a suitable replacement for 4,4′-methylene bis(o-chloroaniline) (MOCA), a widely used chain extender and curing agent which gives a positive Ames test (screening test for mutagenicity). A number of different hindered diamines have been investigated as a substitute for MOCA (1). In addition to diamine curing agents, which are used most frequently with elastomers based on polyether polyols and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), prepolymers based on polyether or polyester polyols and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), can be cured with diols to yield elastomers with similar properties to those of diaminecured polyester-TDI elastomers. The most common chain extender is butanediol. However, to achieve improved mechanical properties, especially at elevated temperatures, aromatic diols are often used. The most common one is hydroquinone di-(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HEQ). One basic problem with HEQ
[The imitation of the effects of otolith-ocular asymmetry by eccentric rotation]. (2000)

Today, investigation of the vestibuloocular reactions is the mainstream method of studying the vestibular asymmetry. Analysis of experimental data requires a model of otolith-ocular interaction. The proposed model is based on the literary data concerning measurements of ocular counter-rotation (OCR) and luminous line rotation (LLR) in experiments with eccentric rotation. The method utilizes a number of simplifications and suppositions, the basic of which are linearity of all phases of transformation of mechanic stimulus with the exception of the afferents' transmission function (proportionality of the nervous response to acceleration; the otolith-ocular response is proportional to the nervous response). It was demonstrated that the model qualitatively imitates the behavior of OCR and LLR in response to axifugal acceleration of the utricular otoliths and permits analysis of the role of various parameters of the otolith-ocular interaction. Comparison of calculated and experimental dependence of OCR and LLR on acceleration can help understanding of the otolith asymmetry.
Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>Inhibitors and Their Possible Clinical Use in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis (1980)

A laboratory method was established for measurement of phospholipase A2 activity in buffer and serum. A series of different phospholipase A2 inhibitors was tested. The most effective inhibitors were Ca2+ chelating compounds like EDTA, DTPA, EGTA, and phytic acid. The calcium salt of EDTA also has some inhibitory effect. Serum phospholipase A2 activity in normal healthy control patients was measured. The activity in 27 patients with acute pancreatitis was tested. The activity was abnormally high in five patients. This activity was in vitro inhibited by EDTA and partly by CaNa2EDTA. The clinical picture of these patients did not differ from that of phospholipase-A2-negative patients. Six patients with acute pancreatitis were treated by intravenous infusion of CaNA2EDTA. Two of them had haemorrhagic pancreatitis and two were suspected of having early haemorrhagic pancreatitis. During the CaNa2EDTA infusion serum amylase and phospholipase A2 activities decreased. All patients recovered. No harmful side effects were noticed.
Design of stimulus driver to suppress epileptic seizure with adaptive loading consideration (2010)

The novel design with the adaptability prevents from unexpected stimulus current for medical safety, since the safety is the prime concern for human use. The prototype of the stimulus driver circuit for micro-stimulator used in implantable device is presented in this paper. For epilepsy control, the target of the driver is to output 30-µA stimulus currents, as the tissue impedance varies within 20∼200 kΩ. The driver composed of the output stage, adaptor, and control block, has been integrated in a chip. Fabricated in a 0.35-µm 3.3-V/24-V CMOS process, the performances of this novel design have been confirmed. The averaged power consumption of the driver was only 0.24∼0.56 mW under 800-Hz stimulation rate.
Optimization of Aqueous-Based Film Coating of Tablets Performed by a Side-Vented Pan-Coating System (1997)

The purpose of this research was to characterize the aqueous-based hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) film coating of tablets utilizing a laboratory-scale side-vented pan-coating apparatus (Thai coater). The process and apparatus parameters of potential importance with respect to the final film quality were evaluated by using fractional factorial design (2(6-2)IV) and the process was optimized using response surface methodology (central composite design). Rotating speed of the pan was identified as a major parameter with respect to film thickness (weight increase; p < 0.05) and breaking strength (p < 0.05) of the aqueous HPMC film-coated tablets. Increasing the rotating speed from 5 rpm to 10 rpm resulted in a mean relative change of -43.9% and 2.4% of film thickness (weight increase) and breaking strength, respectively. As expected, inlet air temperature significantly affected the moisture content of the final film-coated tablets (p < 0.01) and the film thickness (weight increase; p < 0.05), but the effects on the other responses studied were minimal or negligible. Pneumatic spraying pressure and position of the spray gun (excluding angle of the gun) did not affect the responses studied. The process parameters relevant to a side-vented pan-coating process can be identified (by fractional factorial design) and, consequently, optimized (by central composite design) by using the factorial design approach.
Neuronal Pentraxin 1 Contributes to the Neuronal Damage Evoked by Amyloid-β and Is Overexpressed in Dystrophic Neurites in Alzheimer's Brain (2006)

Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) is thought to play a central role in the progressive loss of synapses, the neurite damage, and the neuronal death that are characteristic in brains affected by Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms through which Abeta produces such neurotoxicity remain unclear. Because Abeta depresses synaptic activity, we investigated whether the neurotoxicity of Abeta depends on the expression of NP1, a protein involved in excitatory synapse remodeling that has recently been shown to mediate neuronal death induced by reduction in neuronal activity in mature neurons. We found that treatment of cortical neurons in culture with Abeta produces a marked increase in NP1 protein that precedes apoptotic neurotoxicity. Silencing NP1 gene expression by RNA interference (short hairpin RNA for RNA interference) prevents the loss of synapses, the reduction in neurite outgrowth, and the apoptosis evoked by Abeta. Transgene overexpression of NP1 reproduced these neurotoxic effects of Abeta. Moreover, we found that NP1 was increased in dystrophic neurites of brains from patients with sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Dual immunohistochemistry for NP1 and tau showed that NP1 colocalizes with tau deposits in dystrophic neurites. Furthermore, NP1 colocalized with SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa) in the majority of dystrophic neurites surrounding amyloid deposits. NP1 was also increased in cell processes surrounding amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 (mutant amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1) transgenic mice. These findings show that NP1 is a key factor for the synapse loss, the neurite damage, and the apoptotic neuronal death evoked by Abeta and indicate that Abeta contributes to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease by regulating NP1 expression.
Watching 360° Videos Together (2017)

360° videos are made using omnidirectional cameras that capture a sphere around the camera. Viewers get an immersive experience by freely changing their field of view around the sphere. The problem is that current interfaces are designed for a single user, and we do not know what challenges groups of people will have when viewing these videos together. We report on the findings of a study where 16 pairs of participants watched 360° videos together in a "guided tour" scenario. Our findings indicate that while participants enjoyed the ability to view the scene independently, this caused challenges establishing joint references, leading to breakdowns in conversation. We conclude by discussing how gaze awareness widgets and gesturing mechanisms may support smoother collaborative interaction around collaborative viewing of 360° videos.
A novel method for the introduction of a methyl group into the furan ring of a 2,5‐disubstituted C<sub>18</sub> furanoid fatty ester<i>via</i> a malonic acid function (1991)

Abstract Furan ring opening with benzohydroxamic acid of methyl 9,12‐epoxy‐9,11‐octadecadienoate gave a mixture of positional isomers of conjugated methyl 3‐phenyl‐1,4,2‐dioxazolyl C 18 ‐enone esters 6a,6b. Michael addition of diethyl malonate anion to the conjugated enone system of 6a,6b furnished the corresponding malonyl intermediates 7a,7b, which upon removal of the dioxazole ring by hydrolysis gave methyl 10‐ and 11‐dicarbethoxymethyl‐9,12‐dioxooctadecanoate 8a,8b. Cyclization of the latter gave the trisubstituted C 18 furanoid fatty esters 9a,9b, containing the malonate ester function at the 3‐/4‐position of the furan ring. Base hydrolysis of compounds 9a,9b gave the corresponding tricarboxylic acid derivatives 10a,10b, which were esterified to the trimethyl esters 11a,11b in BF 3 /MeOH. When a mixture of 9a,9b was refluxed with Na 2 CO 3 /MeOH, hydrolysis of the malonate ester function was followed by decarboxylation to yield a‐CH 2 COOH substituent at the 3‐/4‐position of the furan ring (12a, 12b). Esterification of the latter with BF 3 /MeOH gave the corresponding methyl diester derivatives 13a,13b. When a mixture of tricarboxylic acids 10a,10b was heated at 160–180°C for 6 hr, exhaustive decarboxylation of malonic acid function furnished a methyl group at the 3‐/4‐position of the furan nucleus. Esterification of the decarboxylated product gave a mixture of trisubstituted furanoid compounds 14a,14b (overall yield 28%). The procedure constitutes a novel method for the introduction of a methyl group via a malonic acid group to the 3‐/4‐position of the furan ring of a 2,5‐disubstituted C 18 furanoid fatty ester.
Extended Voltage Swell Ride-Through Capability for PWM Voltage-Source Rectifiers (2005)

Voltage swells are one of the most harmful disturbances present in industrial power systems, being capable of severely damaging, breaking, or tripping converters. In the case of pulsewidth-modulation voltage-source rectifiers (PWM-VSRs), swells first saturate their control system and then force them into six-pulse operation if no precautions are taken. This paper presents an extended ride-through strategy enabling these converters to deal and cope with swells of up to 1.8 p.u. (IEEE Std. 1159 swell definition). The proposed strategy first fully exploits the dc-link voltage capacity by dynamically entering the overmodulation region, and secondly by drawing inductive current in case the former action does not suffice. Dynamic overmodulation makes possible the straight ride-through of 15% and 42% three-phase and single-phase swells, whereas the modulation index supervisor/control loop drawing inductive current enables the ride-through for greater magnitude disturbances, all the while avoiding saturation of the converter control system. This is realized using decision-making space vector modulation, and a control system built over a nonlinear control law directly obtained from the converter complex state variable model. In this way, linear and decoupled d-q axes dynamics are attained, ensuring a constant dynamic response throughout the whole operating range. Finally, experimental results from a TMS320C32 digital-signal-processor-based 5-kVA laboratory prototype subjected to typical industry single- and three-phase swells ranging from 5% to 50% are presented. These confirm the predicted performance and feasibility of the proposed voltage swell ride-through strategy for PWM-VSRs.
Suppression of intrachannel dispersion-managed pulse interactions by distributed amplification (2002)

Nonlinear intrachannel interactions in a transmission system with strong periodic dispersion management and distributed amplification are studied. When average dispersion is negligible, distributed amplification provides significant suppression of timing shift and energy transfer caused by the intrachannel pulse interactions, as compared with lumped amplification for the same value of path average signal power.
The opening of the Tasmanian Gateway drove global Cenozoic paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic changes: Results of Leg 189 (2002)

Among the greatest successes of the Ocean Drilling Program were the concerted drilling efforts and exciting results recovered from the Southern Ocean (SO) surrounding Antarctica. Scientific drilling in the SO and on the Antarctic margin has recovered material from hundreds of sites for scientific analysis. The dynamic nature of ice sheet development and ice/margin interactions through time has been observed, as has the role that the SO plays in the development and persistence of Antarctic glaciation. The SO has been documented as a sensitive mixing pool of global water masses that is at times a locus of high biological sedimentation. Also, the SO has been found to contain high‐resolution records of climate forcing and response, and as such it may hold clues to future climate.