gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermodulation in multiple fixed beam distributed amplifier phased array antenna systems (1991)

Abstract In the recent development of phased array/distributed amplifier systems for application to mobile satellite or thin route communication systems, the intermodulation (IM) generated by the element amplifiers is spatially dispersed in such a way that some of the IM radiated energy falls outside the intended beam area. In addition, some of the IM falling inside the beam area has frequencies different from the carriers intended for that area. It is known that for fixed beam systems with frequency reuse, an average IM noise reduction of several dB can be realized. In the specific case under investigation, of four beams, nine frequencies and 12 carriers (1‐33 frequency reuse factor), an IM improvement of about 2‐0 dB is realized. The improvement in carrier‐to‐IM‐noise ratio can be applied to increase system capacity, or for given capacity it can be used to reduce RF power amplifier back‐off, which can be translated into a reduction of spacecraft prime power requirement. The considerable advantage gained from the multiple beam distributed amplifier approach makes it worthwhile to explore the workings of such a system and other benefits it may offer. One of the benefits is a common RF power pool for all carriers and beams, and the other is the spatial dispersion of intermodulation (IM). A satellite multiple beam pattern and the spatial dispersion of IM products are shown in Figure 1.
Clinical Value of Parathyroid Scintigraphy with Technetium‐99m Methoxyisobutylisonitrile: Discrepancies in Clinical Data and a Systematic Metaanalysis of the Literature (2003)

There is a considerable discrepancy in the literature concerning the sensitivity of parathyroid scintigraphy (PS) with 99mTc-MIBI. We therefore analyzed our own data and compared them to the literature in a metaanalysis. All patients who received 99mTc -MIBI scintigraphy and subsequent surgery in our department for the detection of enlarged parathyroid glands in primary (pHPT) or secondary (sHPT) hyperparathyroidism between 1991 and 1999 were included in our retrospective analysis. The results of surgery served as the gold standard. For a true positive result, the scintigraphy had to predict the exact location of parathyroid adenoma (PA) or parathyroid hyperplasia (PH). We then compared these data to the results of a nonstatistical systematic metaanalysis of the literature. Patients (178) underwent PS between 1991 and 1999; 139 were operated on and included in this study. Of these, 109 had pHPT and 30 had sHPT. The sensitivity and specificity of the PS were found to be 45%/94% for pHPT and 39%/40% for sHPT. Fifty-two studies concerning PS were included in the metaanalysis. Sensitivities reported varied from 39% to >90%. Consideration of the different possible techniques used for PS could not explain these discrepancies. Our data show that the sensitivity of PS in clinical routine may be lower than expected from the literature. Our data are consistent with other studies and with partially unpublished clinical observations from other university hospitals. We believe that a well-designed and properly conducted prospective study is necessary to evaluate the reasons for the differences observed.
Encoding memory of winter by noncoding RNAs (2011)

In some plant species, prolonged exposure to low temperature during the winter season is necessary to acquire the competence to flower in the following spring. This process, known as vernalization, is an epigenetic change in that a mitotically stable change of the developmental potential of the meristem (competence to flower) is maintained even in the absence of the inducing signal (prolonged cold exposure). In Arabidopsis, vernalization results in stable epigenetic repression of a potent floral repressor, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Increased enrichment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and trimethylated Histone H3 Lys 27 (H3K27me3) at FLC chromatin is necessary for the stable maintenance of FLC repression by vernalization. Recent recognition of long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in vernalization response indicates that long ncRNAs are evolutionarily conserved components for PRC2-mediated repression in eukaryotes.
Reduced state Viterbi differential phase detectionof MDPSK signals (1996)

An improved differential phase detection scheme that uses a reduced state Viterbi algorithm (RSVDPD) is proposed for the reception of M-ary differential phase shift keying (MDPSK) signals. The transmitted sequence is estimated from the received signal phases only. The number of trellis states equals that of the signal constellation points M. The branch metric is computed by tracing back the surviving path connected to each state. The bit error rate (BER) performance with RSVDPD is evaluated using computer simulation for 4DPSK transmission in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels.
Algorithm for Real-time Detection of QRS Comples in ECG Signal (1995)

A real- time detection algorithm for QRS complex was recommended.ECG signal was filt-ed by 
bandpass filter, and then moving window integral was made,Several features(such as slope 
andamplitude) were extracted,Adaptive amplitude thresholds were employed to make final 
determinationwhther the detected event is a QRS complex。 This algorithm has been used in a 
microcomputer一based medical instrumantation-Intelligent Multichannel Analyser(model GKD
一450A),to make real～time measurement and to display patient’s heart rate.
Radical polymerization of acrylonitrile under the action of catalytic systems based on zero-valent copper (2015)

Specific features of the (co)polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of a catalytic system based on zero-valent copper and 2,2-bipyridyl in various solvents was studied. It is shown that these systems can be successfully used in the presence of halogen-containing initiators to obtain homo- and copolymers of acrylonitrile with dimethyl itaconate and methyl acrylate in the controlled mode. It was found that introduction of comonomers (methyl acrylate and dimethyl itaconate) in low concentrations has no effect on parameters of the acrylonitrile polymerization process, but strongly affects some properties and characteristics of samples being synthesized.
Fast Detour Computation for Ride Sharing (2010)

Ride sharing becomes more and more popular not least because internet services help matching offers and request. However, current systems use a rather simple-minded functionality allowing to search for the origin and destination city, sometimes enriched with radial search around the cities. We show that theses services can be substantially improved using innovative route planning algorithms. More concretely, we generalize previous static algorithms for many-to-many routing to a dynamic setting and develop an additional pruning strategy. With these measures it becomes possible to match each request to $n$ offers using $2n+1$ exact travel time computations in a large road network in a fraction of a microsecond per offer. For requests spread over Germany according to population density, we are able to reduce the number of failing entries substantially. We are able to find a reasonable match for more than 60% of the failing entries left by contemporary matching strategies. Additionally, we halve the average waste of resources in the matches found compared to radial search.
Location detection system by an on-board slit camera imaging road surface marks and its application (2003)

In this paper we propose a precision localization system with an on-board camera and specific road surface marks. An on-board camera is mounted downward and marks for position detection are put on road surface. The mark is detected by image processing of the resulting road surface image. The detected mark gives the vehicle position in each lane. Position related information can be attached by some simple coding schemes. The vehicle direction corresponds to inclination of the mark in the image and vehicle speed is given by the time difference of mark detection between frames in the case of a 2D video camera. We use a slit camera instead of a 2D video camera. Advantages of using the slit camera are high longitudinal resolution and simplified image processing for mark detection. The longitudinal length of mark in the slit image gives the speed information. By mounting two slit cameras at the front and rear end of the vehicle, a precise speed can be measured by the time difference of mark detection. A cross mark consisting of four separate bars is selected as a road surface mark for position detection. The position is given in subpixel accuracy as a crossing point of two straight lines. Experiments with a passenger vehicle show the effectiveness of this system.
Renormalization Group Flow of Two-Dimensional $O(N)$ Spin Model (Applications of Renormalization Group Methods in Mathematical Sciences) (2002)

We develope anew block spin transformation and apply it to the $2\mathrm{D}O(N)$ spin model.The transformation does not yield complicated non-local terms and then the transformation recursion formula seems to be controlable for any initial inverse tepmarature $\beta>0$ .The main part of the block spin transformation of the model with large $N$ converges to amassive state, no matter how low the initial temperature 1/# is, and is close to the flow of the hierarchical model advocated by Dyson and Wilson several decades ago.I.
Third-Harmonic Generation in Phase-Matched Rb Vapor (1971)

We report the generation of 0.3547-\ensuremath{\mu}m radiation by tripling 1.064-\ensuremath{\mu}m radiation in a phase-matched mixture of rubidium and xenon. We find $\ensuremath{\chi}(3\ensuremath{\omega})=1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}32}$ esu, which is about ${10}^{6}$ times greater than that of He. Phase matching occurs for Xe and Rb atoms in the ratio 412:1.
Synchronized GMTI radar collection management in a coalition environment (2003)

Surveillance of ground targets from airborne systems is increasingly of interest in tactical operations. Collection management synchronization can provide improved tactical data products for multi-platform operations. Synchronization of collection management is considered for coalition operations involving multiple airborne GMTI radar systems. An emerging synchronization collection management planning capability is evaluated for application to surveillance using GMTI radar systems. Several examples are provided which illustrate the capability and benefits of synchronized collection management.
Small-Animal PET Imaging of Amyloid-Beta Plaques with [11C]PiB and Its Multi-Modal Validation in an APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

In vivo imaging and quantification of amyloid-β plaque (Aβ) burden in small-animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a valuable tool for translational research such as developing specific imaging markers and monitoring new therapy approaches. Methodological constraints such as image resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) and lack of suitable AD models have limited the feasibility of PET in mice. In this study, we evaluated a feasible protocol for PET imaging of Aβ in mouse brain with [(11)C]PiB and specific activities commonly used in human studies. In vivo mouse brain MRI for anatomical reference was acquired with a clinical 1.5 T system. A recently characterized APP/PS1 mouse was employed to measure Aβ at different disease stages in homozygous and hemizygous animals. We performed multi-modal cross-validations for the PET results with ex vivo and in vitro methodologies, including regional brain biodistribution, multi-label digital autoradiography, protein quantification with ELISA, fluorescence microscopy, semi-automated histological quantification and radioligand binding assays. Specific [(11)C]PiB uptake in individual brain regions with Aβ deposition was demonstrated and validated in all animals of the study cohort including homozygous AD animals as young as nine months. Corresponding to the extent of Aβ pathology, old homozygous AD animals (21 months) showed the highest uptake followed by old hemizygous (23 months) and young homozygous mice (9 months). In all AD age groups the cerebellum was shown to be suitable as an intracerebral reference region. PET results were cross-validated and consistent with all applied ex vivo and in vitro methodologies. The results confirm that the experimental setup for non-invasive [(11)C]PiB imaging of Aβ in the APP/PS1 mice provides a feasible, reproducible and robust protocol for small-animal Aβ imaging. It allows longitudinal imaging studies with follow-up periods of approximately one and a half years and provides a foundation for translational Alzheimer neuroimaging in transgenic mice.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Clinical and Basic Studies (1997)

A patient with classic clinical and biochemical features of tumor-induced osteomalacia (hypophosphatemia, phosphaturia, and undetectable serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]) was studied before and after resection of a benign extraskeletal chondroma from the plantar surface of the foot. Presurgical laboratory evaluation was notable for normal serum concentrations of calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), and osteocalcin, increased serum alkaline phosphate activity, and frankly elevated urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and pyridinium cross-link excretion. Quantitative histomorphometry showed severe osteomalacia and deep erosions of the cancellous surface by active osteoclasts. After resection, serum 1,25(OH)2D normalized within 24 h, while renal tubular phosphorus reabsorption and serum phosphorus did not normalized until days 2 and 3, respectively; serum Ca declined slightly, and serum intact PTH, osteocalcin, and urinary pyridinium cross-link excretion increased dramatically. Urinary cAMP excretion declined immediately after resection and then began to increase concomitant with the increase in serum intact PTH. A second bone biopsy taken 3 months after resection demonstrated complete resolution of the osteomalacia, increased mineral apposition rate (1.09 mu/day), resorption surface (9.2%), mineralizing surface (71%), and bone formation rate (0.83 mm3/mm2/day), and marked decrease in cancellous bone volume (13.1%) and trabecular connectivity compared with first biopsy. Tumor extracts did not affect phosphate transport in renal epithelial cell lines or 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in a myelomonocytic cell line. The patient's course suggests that the normal 1,25(OH)2D and phosphorus metabolism is due to a tumor product that may be acting via stimulation of adenylate activity. Increased bone resorption prior to surgical resection suggests that the tumor may also produce an osteoclast activator. The rise in resorption surface and pyridinium cross-link excretion, increase in serum osteocalcin and bone mineralization, normalization of osteoid width, and fall in cancellous bone volume after resection are consistent with healing of osteomalacia by rapid remodeling.
Evaluation of an Amino Acid-Iron Chelate Hematinic for the Baby Pig (1978)

A series of five experiments was conducted to evaluate and investigate mode of transfer of an amino acid chelated iron fed to the sow as a hematinic for the baby pig. In the first experiment, >3,000 ppm iron (Fe) were provided to 1/2 the sows daily as the amino acid chelate (FeP) from late gestation through 3 weeks of lactation. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) among pigs of FeP-fed sows was 8.5g/dl by 2 weeks of lactation compared to 5.9 for pigs of sows not on the experimental diet. Sow milk Fe was elevated by the second week of lactation (1.4 vs 2.6 ppm). However, this elevation would not account for the maintenance of pig Hb. In experiment 2, sows were either fed in. the farrowing crates or out of the crates to eliminate pig access to sow feed. The same dietary regimens were employed. Again, pigs from FeP-fed sows maintained adequate Hb, regardless of sow feeding site. Milk Fe was elevated to the same extent as in experiment 1. Thus, it was judged that fecal contamination was the major route of transfer from sow to pig. In the remaining experiments, lower levels of Fe from FeP were used. In experiment 3, 250 and 500 ppm Fe as FeP were compared to 500 ppm Fe as FeS04 in the sow diet. Both FeP and FeS04 at 500 ppm Fe proved only marginally adequate in maintaining pig Hb. Experiments 4 and 5 investigated effects of the quantity of feed provided daily in late gestation to the sow on the efficacy of the lower levels of FeP. Increasing sow feed did not enhance the effect of 250 or 500 ppm Fe as FeP on the pig Hb. In all cases where the lower levels of FeP were fed, pig Hb was at best marginal.
Are Plants Affected by Music? : Sound-responsive Genes and the Stimulation of Crop Production (2008)

In the 1950s, the Indian botanist Singh observed that crop production was considerably increased by a specific sound frequency. After playing traditional Indian raga in the presence of Asian aquatic plants, he examined the plants under a microscope and observed protoplasmic streaming that was the same as if the plants were illuminated by the sun. This observation suggested that music stimulated the movement of protoplasm in plant cells [8].
Investigating the marginal ice zone on the Newfoundland Shelf (1994)

From the ice and current data collected over the Newfoundland Shelf by the second Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP II), it is evident that ice motion is affected by wind‐generated ocean current. This points to the importance of coupled ice‐ocean response to wind forcing in the study of shortterm ice motion and operational ice forecasting. The mutual influence of ice and the ocean can also be seen in the water properties. To study the mature stages of explosive cyclogenesis in east coast winter storms and to investigate their influence on the circulation and sea ice properties on the Newfoundland continental shelf and Grand Banks, CASP II was conducted by scientists from the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO), the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES), the National Research Council (NRC), and many universities, private companies, and other government agencies.
Structure of the phosphorylated form of the CDK2:cyclin-A complex (1996)

twitchin (B) containing the autoinhibited kinase domain and a Cterminal Ig-like domain shows that the Ig-like domain extends from the kinase domain opposite to the active site and exposes possible myosin interacting surfaces. Our studies of the regulation and domain architecture of giant protein kinases jointly with an analysis of autoinhibitory sequences of other autoinhibited kinases point to possible common and diverse features of the intrasteric regulatory mechanisms.
The Alternating Duplex: A Vine Training System for Mechanized Raisin Production (1984)

ABSTRACT THE configuration and performance of a vine training and trellising method designed to permit mechanical harvesting and pruning of raisin grapes is presented. A clear separation of the fruit from the replacement canes is accomplished with a foliage wire, and final pruning rates of up to 65 vines/man-hr have been achieved with this system.
Automatic construction of tree-structural image transformations using genetic programming (2003)

We previously proposed an automatic construction method of image transformations. In this method, we approximate an unknown image transformation by a series of several known image filters, and a genetic algorithm optimizes their combination to meet the processing purpose presented by sets of original and target images. In this paper, we propose an extended method named "automatic construction of tree-structural image transformations (ACTIT)". In this new method, a tree whose interior nodes are image filters and leaf ones are input images approximates the transformation. The structures of the trees are optimized using genetic programming. ACTIT finds practical filter combinations that are too complicated to be designed by hand. It is applied to various kinds of image processing tasks. We show examples of its application and verify its validity.
Molecular genetic analysis of human mu class glutathione s-transferases (1994)

Within human glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) multigene family the mu class GSTM1 demonstrates polymorphism. The polymorphism of GSTM1 gene was investigated using DNA-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in 225 DNA samples. The results showed that 41.8% of Caucasian population were the GSTM1 null genotype, lacking one polymorphic DNA fragment in both assays due to the homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene, as well as the GSTM1 null phenotype. Family studies suggest that this polymorphic DNA fragment is inherited in a autosomal dominant Mendelian fashion. Two mu class GST genes have been isolated. Neither gene has been reported previously. The GSTM1b gene was one of two allelic variants of the GSTM1 gene, the other gene was novel, named GSTM4. The GSTM1b gene was found to be about 5,400 bp in length and the GSTM4 gene was 4,842 bp. The structured of both human mu class GST genes were found to contain eight exons spanned by seven introns. The expression of GSTM4 gene in vivo was confirmed by sequencing the product of selective reverse transcription and PCR. The cDNA of GSTM4 had an open reading frame of 654 bp that encoded a polypeptide of 218 amino acids (including the initial methionine) with a Mr of approximately 25,500. The cloned cDNA of GSTM4 was expressed in E. coli and the product was found to be catalytically active towards 1-chloro-2,4-nitrobenzene (CDNB). Using gene-specific PCR with a panel of somatic hybrids DNA, both of the GSTM1b and GSTM4 genes were assigned unambiguously to chromosome 1p. A PCR assay was developed and utilized to detect the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype in total of 794 patients with lung, breast, bladder or colorectal cancer. The results comparing healthy controls suggested that the deletion of the GSTM1 gene increases susceptibility to squamous carcinoma of the lung and to colorectal cancer.
Immunochemical detection of fecal occult blood –. The fecal smear punch-disc test: A new non-invasive screening test for colorectal cancer (1980)

An immunochemical test for fecal occult blood was developed for use in colon cancer screening. The test employs high titer monospecific antisera to intact human hemoglobin in a radial immunodiffusion assay. Patient smears on specially treated filter paper allow screening procedures similar to those using Hemoccult slides. Minimum detectible hemoglobin was 0.3 mg/gm stool, and no cross reactivity with dietary constituents, drugs, or chemicals occurred. The accession of 150 consecutive cases of colon-rectal carcinoma was accomplished from three community hospitals. In each instance, at least one preoperative fecal specimen was obtained for companion smear testing with immunochemical punch-disc and commercial Hemoccult slides. Twenty-nine percent of the cases were found not to be bleeding by either test. Occult bleeding was detected by Hemoccult in 40% of the cases, and occult bleeding was detected by immunochemical testing in 65% of the cases. A surprising discovery was that rectal lesions had a much lower rate of of positiuity with both tests (Hemoccult-29%, Immunochemical-50%) than other locations. These results suggest that immunochemical screening for occult blood loss will provide a higher rate of detection of colon cancer.
A Mathematician’s Experiences as a Member of an Industrial Research Group (1963)

It has been suggested in The Listener lately that industrial mathematicians may have something to contribute to mathematical education by describing some of their work in articles to be published in The Mathematical Gazette . As the personal approach is often more graphic and interesting, I have decided to set down an outline of some of my experiences as a member of an industrial research group.