gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Anisotropy of FeNiCo Ferrites (1969)

Abstract This paper deals with the anisotropy induced by thermomagnetic treatment in mono crystals of Ni 0.620 Co 0.100 Fe Fe □ 0.004 O . The induced magnetic anisotropy has been studied and an explanation of this effect is proposed. For (100) and (110) planes the experimental data agree with the calculations.
The role of hydroxygeraniol and hydroxynerol in the biosynthesis of loganin and indole alkaloids (1970)

S. Escher, P. Loew and D. Arigoni, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 823 DOI: 10.1039/C29700000823
Ultrafiltration of Skim Milk at Refrigerated Temperatures (1981)

Effects of temperature and membrane pore size on permeation flux rates and microbial quality of retentates and permeates during ultrafiltration of skim milk were investigated. Skim milk was ultrafiltrated at 15 and 45C with either small pore (i0,000 molecular weight cut-off) or large pore (50,000 molecular weight cut-off) membranes. Standard plate counts of the retentates obtained during ultrafiltration at 15C were lower than standard plate counts at 45C. Permeation flux rates were almost four times greater at 45 than at 15C with both small and large pore membranes.
Re-ranking for joint named-entity recognition and linking (2013)

Recognizing names and linking them to structured data is a fundamental task in text analysis. Existing approaches typically perform these two steps using a pipeline architecture: they use a Named-Entity Recognition (NER) system to find the boundaries of mentions in text, and an Entity Linking (EL) system to connect the mentions to entries in structured or semi-structured repositories like Wikipedia. However, the two tasks are tightly coupled, and each type of system can benefit significantly from the kind of information provided by the other. We present a joint model for NER and EL, called NEREL, that takes a large set of candidate mentions from typical NER systems and a large set of candidate entity links from EL systems, and ranks the candidate mention-entity pairs together to make joint predictions. In NER and EL experiments across three datasets, NEREL significantly outperforms or comes close to the performance of two state-of-the-art NER systems, and it outperforms 6 competing EL systems. On the benchmark MSNBC dataset, NEREL provides a 60% reduction in error over the next-best NER system and a 68% reduction in error over the next-best EL system.
Polymer-based photonic toolbox: passive components, hybrid integration and polarisation control (2011)

The authors showcase their polymer-based photonic toolbox with various functionalities, which can be chosen, manipulated and combined. In the category of passive components, low-loss planar waveguides, on-chip fibre grooves and integrated thin film elements can be applied for wave guiding/splitting, multiplexing etc. In particular, on-chip grooves provide secure and automatable fibre attachment with coupling loss less than 0.2 dB per facet. The toolbox also features solutions for hybrid integration with active components. Four-channel detector arrays, for example, for IEEE 100 GbE applications, with 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 25 GHz have been demonstrated. An inserted half-wave plate, together with micro-heaters can eliminate the polarisation-dependent frequency shift in a delay line interferometer, for example, for differential phase shift keying and differential quadrature phase shift keying receiver.
Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study of a Ruthenium Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Reductive Amination en Route to the Dual Orexin Inhibitor Suvorexant (MK-4305) (2011)

The first example of an intramolecular asymmetric reductive amination of a dialkyl ketone with an aliphatic amine has been developed for the synthesis of Suvorexant (MK-4305), a potent dual Orexin antagonist under development for the treatment of sleep disorders. This challenging transformation is mediated by a novel Ru-based transfer hydrogenation catalyst that provides the desired diazepane ring in 97% yield and 94.5% ee. Mechanistic studies have revealed that CO(2), produced as a necessary byproduct of this transfer hydrogenation reaction, has pronounced effects on the efficiency of the Ru catalyst, the form of the amine product, and the kinetics of the transformation. A simple kinetic model explains how product inhibition by CO(2) leads to overall first-order kinetics, but yields an apparent zero-order dependence on initial substrate concentration. The deleterious effects of CO(2) on reaction rates and product isolation can be overcome by purging CO(2) from the system. Moreover, the rate of ketone hydrogenation can be greatly accelerated by purging of CO(2) or trapping with nucleophilic secondary amines.
Surface enhancement of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering by colloidal spheres (1984)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering signals may be strongly enhanced when the active molecules are located near the surface of a small silver particle. The theoretical analysis is similar to the electrodynamic mechanism for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, except that there are four instead of two electric fields that stimulate collective electron oscillations within the particle. The general analysis is presented for a sphere of arbitrary size, for arbitrary angle between pump and probe beams, and for arbitrary polarization between pump and probe beams. This is then specialized to the small-particle limit for numerical computation. The peak enhancement for a monolayer of benzene on a silver particle (excitation wavelength 404 nm, Raman shift 992 cm−1) is 1012 when both incident beams are polarized perpendicular to the incident plane and 1021 when these beams are cross polarized. These values are averaged over scattering angle. While the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy amplitudes depend on scattering angle, only the enhancement factor for one of the cross-polarized components depends on scattering angle. Enhanced signals from a silver organosol (silver dispersed in neat benzene) should be measurable.
Permeability of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> Through Guided Tissue Regeneration Membranes and Their Effects on Attachment of Periodontal Ligament Cells (2002)

Differences in the behavior of 3 GTR membranes penetrated by S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans were demonstrated. The results suggest that attachment of PDL cells was affected on bacterial-contaminated GTR membranes, which may alter healing following membrane exposure.
Belief Optimization for Binary Networks: A Stable Alternative to Loopy Belief Propagation (2013)

We present a novel inference algorithm for arbitrary, binary, undirected graphs.Unlike loopy belief propagation, which iterates fixed point equations, we directly descend on the Bethe free energy. The algorithm consists of two phases,first we update the pairwise probabilities, given the marginal probabilities at each unit, using an analytic expression. Next, we update the marginal probabilities, by following the negative gradient of the Bethe free energy. Both steps are guaranteed to decrease the Bethe free energy, and since it is lower bounded, the algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a local minimum. We also show that the Bethe free energy is equal to the TAP free energy up to second order in the weights. In experiments we confirm that when belief propagation converges it usually finds identical solutions as our belief optimization method. The stable nature of belief optimization makes it ideally suited for learning graphical models from data.
Maternal Inheritance of Alcohol Abuse (1981)

The inheritance of alcohol abuse was studied in 913 Swedish women adopted by nonrelatives at an early age. There was a threefold excess of alcohol abusers among the adopted daughters of alcoholic biological mothers compared with other daughters. In addition, there was an excess of alcohol abuse among the daughters of biological fathers with alcohol abuse that was mild and not associated with criminality. However, fathers with extensive treatment for both alcoholism and criminality had no excess of alcoholic daughters. This confirms the heterogeneity among alcoholics noted in earlier work with adopted sons, which found that the latter type of criminal alcoholics also had no excess of alcoholic mothers. Imitation of alcohol abuse by adoptive parents did not increase later alcohol abuse by adopted women. The importance of nonfamilial environments and maternal effects is demonstrated for alcohol abuse in women.
Asphaltic Bitumen as Colloid System. (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTAsphaltic Bitumen as Colloid System.J. Ph. Pfeiffer and R. N. J. SaalCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1940, 44, 2, 139–149Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/j150398a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1465Altmetric-Citations484LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (565 KB) Get e-Alerts
Large terrace formation and modulated electronic states in (110) GaAs quantum wells (2001)

Interface roughness and local electronic states formed in GaAs quantum wells (QWs) grown on (110) cleaved surfaces were characterized by high-resolution microscopic photoluminescence (micro-PL) imaging and spectroscopy assisted by a solid immersion lens. From macroscopic PL spectra and micro-PL images, it was found that well width fluctuation of about 0.6 to 0.7 nm, which corresponds to 3 to 3.5 monolayers (ML), with laterally sub-$\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$- to $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-scale ML terraces existed in the (110) GaAs/AlAs QWs, and this was also supported by the results of atomic force microscopy measurements performed on the (110) GaAs surface. In high-resolution solid-immersion micro-PL spectroscopy, sharp PL peaks were observed at low excitation power and their temperature and excitation power dependence showed a localized quantum-dot-like (QD-like) nature in the (110) GaAs QWs. The spatial and spectral distribution of these sharp PL peaks indicated that the localized QD-like states were formed by short-scale roughness in the bottom GaAs-on-AlAs interface of the (110) GaAs/AlAs QWs on each $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-scale large ML terrace in the top AlAs-on-GaAs interface.
Phase II Trial of a Combination of Interferon-β <sub>ser</sub> and Interferon-γ in Patients with Advanced Malignant Melanoma (1988)

Based upon the in vitro synergistic activity of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) observed in melanoma cells, we initiated a Phase II trial using the combination to determine the clinical antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced disease. Fifteen patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were given 2,000 micrograms of recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) (Biogen) intravenously (i.v.) over 10 min, followed by a 10 min i.v. injection of 30 million units of recombinant IFN-beta (rIFN-beta ser) (Triton) 3 x/week. Six patients had skin, soft tissue, nodal, or subcutaneous metastases, 6 had visceral disease only, and 3 had both. Seven patients had received prior treatment, including chemotherapy (6), radiotherapy (3), and/or immunotherapy (3). Side effects included typical IFN constitutional symptoms such as anorexia, fatigue, nausea, and myalgias, but were not dose limiting. The mean drop in the white blood cell count (WBC) following 1 month of therapy, compared to baseline, was 3.3 x 10(3)/mm2 (p = 0.002); the mean increase in SGOT was 24.1 U/l (p less than 0.001). One patient had a dose reduction for Grade III anorexia and fatigue which did not resolve with repeated treatment. One patient with liver metastases had radiographical and clinical stabilization of his disease for 1 year. No responses were seen. The median time to progression was 6 weeks. Two patients' tumors were evaluable in the human tumor colony forming assay (HTCFA) and were markedly sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of IFN combinations. Both patients, however, failed to respond clinically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and articular chondrocytes. (1994)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has a dual effect on the proliferation of joint chondrocytes. In medium with a low serum concentration, it inhibits cell growth, while in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum it stimulates cell growth. This stimulation leads to a higher replication rate an a larger number of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Since these cells have already replicated their DNA, they can begin mitosis when stimulated by a EGF type factor. This mechanism involves the systems of the TGF-beta receptors which appear to vary with the cell cycle. In addition, a glycane inositophosphate may play a role as a second messenger for TGG-beta in this action. Finally, TGF-beta cannot restore the chondrocyte phenotype in dedifferentiated cells nor limit the dedifferentiation process. It exerts a opposing effect to the deleterious effects of interleukin-1 by inhibiting the expression of the receptors of this cytokine at the level of transcription. These in vitro effects would suggest that TGF-beta plays an important role in the repair potentiality of joint cartilage especially in arthrosis. In vivo studies are however necessary to verify this hypothesis.
Complete local search for propositional satisfiability (2004)

Algorithms based on following local gradient information are surprisingly effective for certain classes of constraint satis-faction problems. Unfortunately, previous local search algo-rithms are notoriously incomplete: They are not guaranteed to nd a feasible solution if one exists and they cannot be used to determine unsatisability. We present an algorithmic frame-work for complete local search and discuss in detail an instan-tiation for the propositional satisability problem (SAT). The fundamental idea is to use constraint learning in combination with a novel objective function that converges during search to a surface without local minima. Although the algorithm has worst-case exponential space complexity, we present em-pirical results on challenging SAT competition benchmarks that suggest that our implementation can perform as well as state-of-the-art solvers based on more mature techniques. Our framework suggests a range of possible algorithms lying between tree-based search and local search.
Saturation modeling in a carbonate reservoir using capillary pressure based saturation height function: a case study of the Svk reservoir in the Y Field (2015)

Because of the complex pore structure and the strong heterogeneity of the Svk carbonate reservoir in the Y Field, water saturation distribution and petrophysical properties, such as porosity, permeability and capillary pressure are difficult to be characterized. To solve this problem, a new method to interpret water saturation was presented. By this method, the relationships among porosity, permeability and different pore throat radii are fitted and a typical radius R30 (the pore aperture radius corresponding to 30 % of mercury saturation in a mercury penetration test) selected. By fitting the capillary pressure curves with Corey–Brooks function, the threshold pressure, the irreducible water saturation and the Corey exponent “n” of each capillary pressure curve can be determined, and the relationship between R30 and the threshold pressure, R30 and the irreducible water saturation, and R30 and the Corey exponent can all be fitted. If the R30 value is known, the threshold pressure, irreducible water saturation and Corey exponent can be calculated by the fitting equations; hence, the water saturation at a given height from FWL can be calculated by the Corey–Brooks function. The water saturation calculated by saturation height function is consistent with that of the well log interpretation and the error is less than by other methods. During the process of three-dimensional saturation modeling, an R30 criterion is presented to define rock types, six petrophysical rock types with different reservoir properties are distinguished and a link is set up between rock types and log responses by the KNN method. Logs are utilized to predict rock types of non-cored wells according to this link, and a three-dimensional rock-type model is established by the Petrel software. R30 value of each grid can be calculated by R30 formula when three-dimensional porosity and permeability models are built with the restraint of rock-type model. Then, on the basis of the saturation height function, a three-dimensional water saturation model can be obtained.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Ligand Substitution in Bis(<i>N</i>-alkylsalicylaldiminato)oxovanadium(IV) Complexes (2003)

Conventional and stopped-flow spectrophotometry was used to to study the kinetics of ligand substitution in a number of bis(N-alkylsalicylaldiminato)oxovanadium(IV) complexes (=VO(R-X-sal)(2)) by 1,1,1- trifluoropentane-2,4-dione (=Htfpd) in acetone, according to the following reaction: VO(R-X-sal)(2) + 2Htfpd --> VO(tfpd)(2) + 2R-X-salH. The acronym R-X-salH refers to N-alkylsalicylaldimines with substituents X = H, Cl, Br, CH(3), and NO(2) in the 5-position of the salicylaldehyde ring and N-alkyl groups R = n-propyl, isopropyl, phenyl, and neopentyl. Under excess conditions ([Htfpd](0) >> [VO(R-X-sal)(2)](0)), substitution by Htfpd occurs in two observable steps, as characterized by pseudo-first-order rate constants k(obsd(1)) and k(obsd(2)). Both rate constants increase linearly with [Htfpd](0) according to k(obsd(1)) = k(s(1)) + k(1)[Htfpd](0) and k(obsd(2)) = k(s(2)) + k(2)[Htfpd](0), with k(s(1)) and k(s(2)) describing small contributions of solvent-initiated pathways. Depending on the nature of R and X, second-order rate constants k(1) and k(2) lie in the range 0.098-0.87 M(-1) s(-1) (k(1)) and 0.022-0.41 M(-1) s(-1) (k(2)) at 298 K. For ligand substitution in the system VO(n-propyl-sal)(2)/Htfpd, the activation parameters DeltaH++ = 35.8 +/- 2.8 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS++ = -146 +/- 23 J K(-1) mol(-1) (k(1)) and DeltaH++ = 40.2 +/- 1.3 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS++ = -142 +/- 11 J K(-1) mol(-1) (k(2)) were obtained. The Lewis acidity of the complexes VO(n-propyl-X-sal)(2) with X = H, Cl, Br, CH(3), and NO(2) was quantified spectrophotometrically by determination of equilibrium constant K(py), describing the formation of the adduct VO(n-propyl-X-sal)(2).pyridine. The adduct VO(tfpd)(2).n-propyl-salH, formed as product in the system VO(n-propyl-sal)(2)/Htfpd, was characterized by its dissociation constant, K(D) = (3.30 +/- 0.10) x 10(-3) M. The mechanism suggested for the two-step substitution process is based on initial formation of the adducts VO(R-X-sal)(2).Htfpd (step 1) and VO(R-X-sal)(tfpd).Htfpd (step 2).
PP2A Activation by β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists (2003)

Understanding the mechanisms that regulate cell migration is important for devising novel therapies to control metastasis or enhance wound healing. Previously, we demonstrated that beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) activation in keratinocytes inhibited their migration by decreasing the phosphorylation of a critical promigratory signaling component, the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). Here we demonstrate that beta2-AR-induced inhibition of migration is mediated by the activation of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A. Pretreating human keratinocytes with the PP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid, prevented the beta2-AR-induced inhibition of migration, either as isolated cells or as a confluent sheet of cells repairing an in vitro "wound" and also prevented the beta2-AR-induced reduction in ERK phosphorylation. Similar results were obtained with human corneal epithelial cells. In keratinocytes, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that beta2-AR activation resulted in the rapid association of beta2-AR with PP2A as well as a 37% increase in association of PP2A with ERK2. Finally, beta2-AR activation resulted in a rapid and transient 2-fold increase in PP2A activity. Thus, we provide the first evidence that beta2-AR activation in keratinocytes modulates migration via a novel pathway utilizing PP2A to alter the promigratory signaling cascade. Exploiting this pathway may result in novel therapeutic approaches for control of epithelial cell migration.
LP‐K: A Bistable Twist Cell Exhibiting Long‐Term Bistability Suitable for Page‐Sized Displays (1998)

Abstract Polymer stabilization has been employed to solve the problem of long term bistability in the bistable twist cell. Polymer walls were formed around pixels to prevent the growth of the unwanted 180° twist state. This polymer stabilized bistable twist cell (PSBTC) exhibits sub‐millisecond addressing times and a wide window of long term bistability. These late breaking results represent a major development for this technology making it a suitable choice for an ultra‐low power high resolution document reader.
AJP001, a novel helper T‐cell epitope, induces a humoral immune response with activation of innate immunity when included in a peptide vaccine (2019)

Vaccine design requires well-tailored formulations including a T-cell epitope and adjuvants. We identified a novel cationic peptide, AJP001, which possesses a strong affinity for murine MHC class II alleles (H2-IE<sup>d</sup> and H2-IA<sup>d</sup>) and low affinity for H2-IA<sup>b</sup>. We designed an AJP001 and epitope peptide-conjugated vaccine, AJP001-angiotensin (Ang) II, which was intracutaneously administered to mice three times at 2-week intervals. Indeed, the AJP001-Ang II vaccine induced antibody production against Ang II in BALB/cA mice but not in C57BL/6 mice. To estimate the T-cell-dependent immunogenicity of the AJP001 conjugate vaccine in human cells, naïve human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were exposed to AJP001-Ang II, and T-cell proliferation was evaluated by analyzing cell division using flow cytometric measurement of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye dilution. To activate the immune response, the innate immune system must be activated by adjuvant treatment. Interestingly, treatment with AJP001 induced IL-1β and IL-18 secretion via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and induced TNF-α and IL-6 production through an NF-κB-dependent pathway in human and mouse macrophages. These results suggest that AJP001 behaves as a T-cell epitope in mice and humans and is a useful tool for the formulation of peptide vaccines without the addition of adjuvants.