gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phagosomal pH and Glass Fiber Dissolution in Cultured Nasal Epithelial Cells and Alveolar Macrophages: A Preliminary Study (1994)

Neil F. Johnson, Phagosomal pH and Glass Fiber Dissolution in Cultured Nasal Epithelial Cells and Alveolar Macrophages: A Preliminary Study, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 5: Biopersistence of Respirable Synthetic Fibers and Minerals (Oct., 1994), pp. 97-102
Chiral capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry of amino acids in foods (2005)

In this work, the development of a new chiral capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) method to separate D- and L-amino acids is shown. On-line coupling between CE and MS is established through an electrospray-coaxial sheath flow interface. Enantiomer separation is achieved by using a cheap, nonvolatile, chiral selector as beta-cyclodextrin in the background electrolyte (BGE) together with a physically coated capillary that is aimed to prevent contamination of the electrospray. The capillary coating is simple and easy to obtain as it only requires flushing of the capillary with a polymer aqueous solution for 3 min. Optimization of CE parameters (pH of BGE, type and concentration of chiral selector, and capillary inner diameter) and electrospray-MS parameters (nature and flow rate of the sheath liquid, nebulizer pressure) is carried out. Two different derivatization protocols of amino acids using dansyl chloride (DNS) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) are compared in terms of MS sensitivity and chiral resolution. Under optimum CE-MS conditions it is observed that the MS sensitivity obtained for FITC- and DNS-amino acids is similar (with limit of detection (LOD) in the microM range, corresponding to amounts injected in the fmol range) while chiral resolution is better for FITC-amino acids. The optimized method is demonstrated to provide the simultaneous analysis of 15 selected amino acids (i.e., FITC-D/L-Asp, -Glu, -Ser, -Asn, -Ala, -Pro, -Arg, and FITC-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a single chiral CE-MS run, corresponding to the main amino acids that can be found in orange. Moreover, as a result of the high resolution achieved, it is possible to detect down to 2% of D-Asp in the presence of 98% of L-Asp. The good possibilities of chiral CE-MS in food analysis are corroborated through the detection of the main amino acids in a commercial orange juice (i.e., FITC-L-Asp, -Glu, -Ser, -Asn, -Pro, -Arg, and the nonchiral FITC-GABA) as well as the determination of the fraudulent addition of synthetic amino acids (containing D- and L-forms) to a fresh orange juice.
Official digital currency (2013)

In ancient times goods and services were exchanged through barter system <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> Gold, valuable metals and other tangibles like stones and shells were also exploited as medium of exchange. Now Paper Currency (PC) is country-wide accepted common medium of trade. It has three major flaws. First, the holder of currency is always at risk due to theft and robbery culture in most of the societies of world. Second, counterfeit 2 currency is a challenge for currency issuing authorities. Third, printing and transferring PC causes a heavy cost. Different organizations have introduced and implemented digital currency systems but none of them is governed by any government. In this paper we introduce Official digital currency System (ODCS). Our proposed digital currency is issued and controlled by the state/central bank of a country that is why we name it Official digital currency (ODC). The process of issuing ODC is almost same as that of Conventional Paper Currency (CPC) but controlling system is different. The proposal also explains country-wide process of day to day transactions in trade through ODCS. ODC is more secure, reliable, economical and easy to use. Here we introduce just the idea and compulsory modules of ODC system and not the implementable framework. We will present the implementable framework in a separate forthcoming publication.
Use of singly and doubly labelled 13C-acetate in the elucidation of the structures and biosynthesis of multicolic and multicolosic acids, new tetronic acids from Penicillium multicolor (1974)

Multicolic and multicolosic acid, isolated from cultures of Penicillium multicolor, are shown to have structures (I) and (II) respectively by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r., and u.v. spectroscopic studies, 13C-couplings observed in the spectrum of methyl O-methylmulticolate (III), prepared from multicolic acid enriched with [1,2-13C]acetate establishing the substitution pattern in the tetronic acid chromophore; the biosynthesis of these metabolites from acetate, via oxidative fission of a preformed aromatic precursor, e.g., 6-pentylresorcylic acid, is suggested by the 13C-n.m.r. spectra of derivatives, enriched with [1-13C]-, [2-13C]-, and [1,2-13C]-acetate.
Down-regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene expression by agents that modulate intracellular divalent cations. (1992)

In cystic fibrosis (CF), epithelial cells are unable to normally up-regulate apical membrane Cl- secretion in response to agents which increase cyclic AMP, but they do increase Cl- secretion in response to increases in intracellular Ca2+. Since intracellular divalent cations regulate the expression of many genes, we hypothesized that mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and/or other divalent cations might modulate not only Ca(2+)-dependent Cl- channels but also cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene expression. To evaluate this concept, HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells were cultured under various conditions designed to manipulate intracellular divalent cation concentrations and CFTR gene expression was quantified at the levels of transcription, mRNA accumulation, mRNA half-life, and protein. Exposure to the divalent cation ionophores A23187 and ionomycin (agents which increase intracellular divalent cation concentrations) caused dose- and time-dependent reductions of CFTR mRNA levels, which could be blocked by the use of Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-free media. Ionophore-induced CFTR gene modulation was also observed with T84 human colon carcinoma cells and freshly isolated normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Incubation of HT-29 cells with thapsigargin, an agent that releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores, or in medium containing increased extracellular concentrations of Ca2+ or Mg2+ also caused down-regulation of CFTR mRNA levels. Transcription run-on analysis showed that, parallel with the decrease in CFTR mRNA levels, A23187 reduced the rate of transcription of the CFTR gene, while CFTR mRNA transcript half-life was unaffected. Consistent with the down-regulation of CFTR gene expression, CFTR protein levels also decreased after exposure to A23187. Thus, despite the independence of Ca(2+)-dependent Cl- channels and cyclic AMP-dependent CFTR-related Cl- channels in epithelial cells, increases in intracellular divalent cation concentrations down-regulate the expression of the CFTR gene at the transcriptional level, with consequent decreases in CFTR mRNA and protein.
Cosomys, a New Genus of Vole from the Pliocene of California (1932)

Rodents are of rather common occurrence in the later Tertiary of North America, yet voles have been completely absent from the record with the exception of a single tooth of Neofiber found in the upper Pliocene San Pedro Valley beds of Arizona. Consequently material representing this important group should prove of interest in an interpretation of the history of the voles in North America. The specimens described in this paper are from late Cenozoic mammal-bearing beds exposed on the flanks of the Coso Mountains along the eastern margin of Owens Valley, nine and one-half miles east of Olancha, California. The age of the deposits from which the rodent material comes has been tentatively regarded as upper Pliocene by Dr. Chester Stock of the California Institute of Technology. A determination of age has been afforded chiefly by horse material from the same locality. The author wishes to thank Dr. Stock for the opportunity to study the material and for advice during the course of the investigation. Specimens of Recent voles were loaned for comparison by Mr. Donald R. Dickey of the California Institute of Technology, and by the United States National Museum. Preparation of the illustrations was super- vised by Mr. John L. Ridgway.
Prediction of Dementia in Primary Care Patients (2011)

The prediction score has useful prediction accuracy. It can define individuals (1) sensitively for low cost-low risk interventions, or (2) more specific and with increased PPV for measures of prevention with greater costs or risks. As it is independent of technical aids, it may be used within large scale prevention programs.
Kristin Thompson, Exporting Entertainment: America in the World Film Market, 1907–1934 (London: BFI, 1985, £16). Pp. xiii, 238. IBSN 0 85170 156 6. - Bruce Babington and Peter William Evans, Blue Skies and Silver Linings: Aspects of the Hollywood Musical (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985, £25). Pp. 258. ISBN 0 7190 1739 4. (1986)

Kristin Thompson, Exporting Entertainment: America in the World Film Market, 1907–1934 (London: BFI, 1985, £16). Pp. xiii, 238. IBSN 0 85170 156 6. - Bruce Babington and Peter William Evans, Blue Skies and Silver Linings: Aspects of the Hollywood Musical (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985, £25). Pp. 258. ISBN 0 7190 1739 4. - Volume 20 Issue 2
HCI formalisms and cognitive psychology: the case of task-action grammar (1990)

S.9-62
CUP‐SHAPED COTYLEDON1 transcription factor activates the expression of <i>LSH4</i> and <i>LSH3</i> , two members of the ALOG gene family, in shoot organ boundary cells (2011)

The establishment of organ boundaries is a fundamental process for proper morphogenesis in multicellular organisms. In plants, the shoot meristem repetitively forms organ primordia from its periphery, and boundary cells are generated between them to separate their cellular fates. The genes CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 (CUC1) and CUC2, which encode plant-specific NAC transcription factors, play central roles in establishment of the shoot organ boundaries in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we show that CUC1 protein activates expression of LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 4 (LSH4) and its homolog LSH3 in shoot organ boundary cells. Both genes encode nuclear proteins of the Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1 (ALOG) family, the members of which are widely conserved in land plants. Expression of LSH4 and LSH3 is detected in the boundary cells of various shoot organs, such as cotyledons, leaves and floral organs, and requires the activity of CUC1 and CUC2. Experiments using the glucocorticoid receptor system indicate that transcription of LSH4 and LSH3 is directly up-regulated by CUC1. Constitutive expression of LSH4 in the shoot apex causes inhibition of leaf growth in the vegetative phase, and formation of extra shoots or shoot organs within a flower in the reproductive phase. Together, our results indicate that CUC1 directly activates transcription of the nuclear factor genes LSH4 and LSH3, which may suppress organ differentiation in the boundary region.
Carboxylation of Sulfurized Calcium Phenates. (1991)

硫化カルシウムサリシレート開発検討の一環として, アルカリ金属フェノキシドの Kolbe-Schmitt 反応を経由する従来法とは異なり, 硫化カルシウムフェネートに直接カルボキシル基を導入する新しいプロセスの開発を目指して反応の条件を検討した。ここでは, 酸化カルシウム当たりアルキルフェノールを過剰に使用する方法で調製したカルシウムフェネートと硫化カルシウムフェネートを用いた。生成したカルボン酸誘導体はアルキル置換サリチル酸のみであり, その収率は(1) 二酸化炭素処理工程におけるエチレングリコール成分を少なくする, (2) 酸化カルシウムに対するアルキルフェノールの配合比を2.0以上にする, (3) カルボキシル化されないフェノール硫化物の生成を抑制する, および (4) 二酸化炭素処理温度を140°C以上にする, ことなどにより増加することが判明した。この結果, カルシウムサリシレートの新しい製造プロセスに目処がついた。
A Magnetic‐Nanoparticle‐Supported 4‐<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐Dialkylaminopyridine Catalyst: Excellent Reactivity Combined with Facile Catalyst Recovery and Recyclability (2007)

Quick recovery: The first magnetic-nanoparticle-supported organocatalyst is prepared. The heterogeneous catalyst promotes a range of nucleophilic reactions and can be recovered by exposure to an external magnet (see picture). Furthermore, it can be recycled over 30 times without loss of activity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z605216_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Plasma-Enhanced ALD of TiO[sub 2] Thin Films on SUS 304 Stainless Steel for Photocatalytic Application (2009)

Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition PE-ALD of TiO 2 thin films using TiNMe 2 4 tetrakisdimethylamido Ti and O 2 plasma were prepared on stainless steel to show the self-cleaning effect. The TiO 2 thin films deposited on stainless steel have high growth rate, large surface roughness, and low impurities. The film deposited below 200C was amorphous, while the films deposited at 300 and 400C showed anatase and rutile phases, respectively. The contact angle measurements on crystalline PE-ALD TiO 2 thin films exhibited superhydrophilicity after UV irradiation. The TiO 2 thin film with anatase phase deposited at 300C showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency, which is higher than on Activ glass or thermal ALD TiO 2 films. We suggest that anatase structure and large surface area of TiO 2 thin film on stainless steel are the main factors for the high photocatalytic efficiency.
Feasibility of the Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (MACS) decision rule to safely reduce unnecessary hospital admissions: a pilot randomised controlled trial (2017)

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Exonucleases I, III, and V are required for stability of ColE1-related plasmids in Escherichia coli (1984)

The stability of two ColE1-related plasmids (pRSF2124 and pMB9) was examined in strains of Escherichia coli multiply deficient in exonucleases I (sbcB), III (xthA), or V (recB recC). Any combination of exonuclease I, III, and V deficiency resulted in dramatically decreased stability of both pRSF2124 and pMB9. Inactivation of the RecF pathway by introducing either recF or recJ mutations to the recB recC subcB background resulted in nearly wild-type levels of stability for both plasmids. In contrast, the introduction of uvrD3 uvr-257, uvrE100, or recL152 into the recB21 recC22 sbcB15 strain did not affect plasmid stability. Furthermore, the amount of plasmid DNA recovered from pRSF2124 or pMB9 transformants of a xthA1 sbcB15 strain was strikingly reduced relative to that of a wild-type control. Taken together, these results suggest that some aspect of DNA repair is required for stable maintenance of ColE1-related plasmids in E. coli.
Polygemcitabine nanogels with accelerated drug activation for cancer therapy (2019)

To overcome the slow activation of gemcitabine, we synthesized a DNA-like polygemcitabine (Ge10) strand through solid-phase synthesis, which not only undergoes rapid intracellular degradation to generate active gemcitabine derivatives, but can also self-assemble into nanogels through molecular recognition, rendering them as promising self-delivered nanodrugs for cancer therapy.
Activation-induced expression of MICA on T lymphocytes involves engagement of CD3 and CD28 (2002)

MICA is an HLA-related cell stress-regulated antigen recognized by cytotoxic cells expressing the NKG2D molecule. Although resting lymphocytes do not express MICA, it can be induced on PHA-activated T cells. Here, we demonstrate by Western blot that MICA is induced on allogeneic-activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Blocking activation with anti-HLA class I, anti-HLA-DR, or anti-CD86 mAb affected the expression of MICA slightly. When T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 or anti-CD28 mAb plus PMA, a sustained up-regulation of MICA was observed by Western blot, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry. The expression of MICA reached a plateau at day 4 after CD3 engagement and at day 3 after anti-CD28/PMA stimulation. Conversely, the proliferative response reached a peak at day 4. Hence, CD3 or CD28 engagement induces MICA expression on T lymphocytes. This activation-induced expression might participate in NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity toward activated T cells to maintain homeostasis during an ongoing immune response.
Activation of MAPK Kinase 9 Induces Ethylene and Camalexin Biosynthesis and Enhances Sensitivity to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis (2008)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to various environmental stimuli. We demonstrate that MKK9, an MKK, is an upstream activator of the MPKs MPK3 and MPK6 both in vitro and in planta. Expression of active MKK9 protein in transgenic plants induces the synthesis of ethylene and camalexin through the activation of the endogenous MPK3 and MPK6 kinases. As a consequence, transcription of multiple genes responsible for ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene responses, and camalexin biosynthesis is coordinately up-regulated. The activation of MKK9 inhibits hypocotyl elongation in the etiolated seedlings. MKK9-mediated effects on hypocotyl elongation were blocked by the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, and ethylene receptor antagonist, Ag(+). Expression of active MKK9 protein enhances the sensitivity of transgenic seedlings to salt stress, whereas loss of MKK9 activity reduces salt sensitivity indicating a role for MKK9 in the salt stress response. The results reported here reveal that the MKK9-MPK3/MPK6 cascade participates in the regulation of the biosynthesis of ethylene and camalexin and may be an important axis in the stress responses of Arabidopsis.
Enhanced Virtual Private Social Networks: Implementing user content confidentiality (2013)

Virtual Private Social Networks (VPSNs) are a concept that aims at improving the security attributes of untrusted, centralised Online Social Networks (OSNs). Originally conceived with the goal of establishing privacy of user profile data, we propose an extension to the scope of a VPSN to provide confidentiality of shared data in the form of user-generated content. In this paper, we present a novel approach for exchanging confidential content within a VPSN based on symmetric encryption and the use of hash functions. We report on a prototype implementation and show that in practical use our technique introduces a nominal performance overhead. We propose that this could be an important building block for a putative enhanced VPSN application.
Profile for Estimating Risk of Heart Failure (1999)

Using this multivariate risk formulation, it is possible to identify high-risk candidates for heart failure who are likely to have a substantial yield of positive findings when tested for objective evidence of presymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. The risk profile may also identify candidates who are at high risk for heart failure because of multiple, marginal risk factor abnormalities that might otherwise be overlooked.
Cathodic Deposition of Amorphous Alloys of Silicon, Carbon, and Fluorine (1982)

Amorphous silicon containing fluorine and carbon, pure and doped with boron or phosphorus, was deposited cathodically from solutions of in acetone with . The conditions for optimum deposition were determined, and the deposits were characterized by electron microprobe x‐ray emission, electrical conductivity, and infrared absorption. Doping with phosphorus causes a change from p‐ to n‐type semiconductor behavior, with a maximum of resistivity >1013 Ω cm at the compensation point.
An Adaptation of the Mixed Leukocyte Culture Test for Use in Evaluating Lymphocyte and Macrophage Function (1972)

Abstract The mixed allogeneic leukocyte culture reaction was adapted into a test in which lymphocyte and macrophage function in this system can be assessed individually. In this test, purified lymphocytes from the patient under study were stimulated to incorporate 3H thymidine by irradiated leukocytes from three allogeneic, control donors. Test donors' macrophage function was evaluated by stimulating purified lymphocytes from the three control donors with irradiated leukocytes from the patient under study. The macrophage content in cultures of unpurified leukocytes was also measured. The test proved to be sensitive and reproducible. This report shows that this test can identify specifically lymphocyte unresponsiveness, quantitative and functional macrophage abnormalities, and combined lymphocyte and macrophage defects.
Characterization of leakage power in CMOS technologies (2002)

A model to statistically characterize the leakage power of CMOS digital circuits is presented. Based on the subthreshold leakage characterization at transistor and cell level, the leakage power consumption of a standard cell circuit is obtained. Also, in order to estimate the leakage power variability for a fixed state, a model of variations due to process is introduced. Using these models, the P/sub LEAK/ distribution is found to be asymmetric around the nominal value showing a long tail for high consuming circuits. The model has been found effective in evaluating the correlation of leakage power with other performance specs, in particular delay. We have shown that an IC with short L, and therefore, with high P/sub LEAK/ will be faster than nominal ones and an IC with long L, and therefore, with low P/sub LEAK/ will be slower. Predicted results are consistent with available experimental data.
Identification of Neuronal RNA Targets of TDP-43-containing Ribonucleoprotein Complexes (2010)

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is associated with a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Although TDP-43 resembles heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, its RNA targets and physiological protein partners remain unknown. Here we identify RNA targets of TDP-43 from cortical neurons by RNA immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (RIP-seq). The canonical TDP-43 binding site (TG)(n) is 55.1-fold enriched, and moreover, a variant with adenine in the middle, (TG)(n)TA(TG)(m), is highly abundant among reads in our TDP-43 RIP-seq library. TDP-43 RNA targets can be divided into three different groups: those primarily binding in introns, in exons, and across both introns and exons. TDP-43 RNA targets are particularly enriched for Gene Ontology terms related to synaptic function, RNA metabolism, and neuronal development. Furthermore, TDP-43 binds to a number of RNAs encoding for proteins implicated in neurodegeneration, including TDP-43 itself, FUS/TLS, progranulin, Tau, and ataxin 1 and -2. We also identify 25 proteins that co-purify with TDP-43 from rodent brain nuclear extracts. Prominent among them are nuclear proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing and RNA stability and transport. Also notable are two neuron-enriched proteins, methyl CpG-binding protein 2 and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2). A PTBP2 consensus RNA binding motif is enriched in the TDP-43 RIP-seq library, suggesting that PTBP2 may co-regulate TDP-43 RNA targets. This work thus reveals the protein and RNA components of the TDP-43-containing ribonucleoprotein complexes and provides a framework for understanding how dysregulation of TDP-43 in RNA metabolism contributes to neurodegeneration.
On the Way to Autonomous Vehicles Teleoperated Driving (2018)

With an increasing number of sensors as well as more powerful hardware and software, vehicles get enabled to solve more tasks autonomously. But hardware or software failures can still occur. It is also possible that some autonomous features are not equipped to the car. In such situations it might be possible, that no suitable driver, that can act as fallback solution, is inside the car and a different solution has to be applied. In such situations, Teleoperated Driving can come into play. Teleoperated Driving means to remotely control a vehicle. With this paper Teleoperated Driving as well as a suitable system architecture will be presented.