gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How to Improve the Selectivity of Zeolitic Catalysts in C<sub>8</sub>Aromatic Cut Isomerization (2009)

The catalysts used in the isomerization processes of the C8 aromatic cut (xylenes and ethylbenzene) generally contain platinum loaded on a mixed binder/zeolite support. Improving these catalysts consists in increasing the ethylbenzene conversion, which is the most difficult step in this transformation, while minimising the secondary side reactions such as ethylbenzene disproportionation or dealkylation, naphthene ring opening and consecutive cracking of the resulting paraffins. Most of the various adopted approaches concern optimisation of the zeolitic phase. The selectivity gain remains modest on conventional mordenite-based catalysts and it seems more appropriate to explore new zeolitic structures. In this context, interesting results have been obtained on EU-1-based catalysts, which selectivate during the stabilisation period and work then in pore mouth. It has been possible to extend this pore mouth catalysis concept to other one-dimensional zeolitic structures of intermediate pore size, such as ZSM-22 and ferrierite. In addition, the selectivity of EU-1 zeolite can be optimised by varying the acidic sites location through the use of special organic templates. Another approach consisted in considering the entire catalyst (zeolitic and metallic phases, possibly associated with an acidic alumina support such as chlorinated alumina), and in identifying the sites responsible for the paraffin formation. The results demonstrate that paraffin cracking mainly follows a bifunctional mechanism, suggesting that the most promising way to reduce the paraffin yield is to act on the zeolite.
Correlation between Endogenous Tannins and Lead Accumulation in Roots of Symphytum Officinale L (2009)

Metal-chelating tannins may help plants tolerate heavy metals. However, there is a lack of evidence linking endogenous tannin levels with lead accumulation in plants tested for phytoremediation. This study strengthens this possible link by finding a correlation between lead accumulation and the different concentrations of tannins in main and lateral roots of Symphytum officinale (comfrey) plants, following treatment with lead-based solutions (with and without EDTA). The concentration of tannins in lateral roots (8.9 mg tannic acid g-1 dry weight) was more than three times greater than in main roots and was unaffected by either lead treatment. Lead accumulation was found to be ten times greater in the lateral roots (2375 mg kg-1) than in main roots and, using transmission electron microscopy, more lead was observed in lateral roots. These results suggest that roots with more endogenous tannins may accumulate more lead, and therefore tannin levels may be used as a characteristic for selecting plants for phytoremediation.
MEMS graphene strain sensor (2015)

Graphene is a two dimensional honeycomb structure of sp hybridized carbon atoms that has possibilities in many applications due to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties. One application for Graphene is in the field of sensors. Graphene’s electronic properties do not degrade when it undergoes mechanical strain which is advantageous for strain sensors. In this thesis, certain properties, such as the piezo-resistivity and flexibility, of graphene will be explored to show how they can be utilized to make a strain sensing device. Our original fabrication process of patterning graphene and the transfer process of graphene onto a flexible substrate will be discussed. The development of a stretchable and flexible graphene based rosette strain sensor will also be detailed. Developing a novel, reliable patterning process for the graphene is the first step to manufacture a stretchable graphene based sensor. The graphene was patterned using a photolithography and etching process that was developed by our research team, then it was transferred to a flexible polymer substrate with the use of a combination of soft lithography and wet etching of the Ni foil with ferric chloride solution. Graphene patterning is an essential step in fabricating reliable and sensitive sensors. With this process, graphene can be consistently patterned into different shapes and sizes. To utilize the graphene as the sensing material it also needs to be transferred onto a flexible substrate. The innovative transfer process developed by our research team consistently adheres graphene to a flexible PDMS substrate while removing the original nickel substrate. In the end, the graphene was transferred from the metal substrate to the desired flexible substrate. This process was repeated multiple times to create a stack and multilayer device.
Heat sealing of semicrystalline polymer films. III. Effect of corona discharge treatment of LLDPE (1994)

Abstract The effects of corona‐discharge treatment (CDT) of commercial polyethylene (PE) Linear low‐density PE (LLDPE) were studied with special emphasis on the heat‐seal behavior of treated films. A range of treat levels, representative of those used in industry, was obtained by varying the applied power to a commercial, on‐line treater. Film surfaces were characterized by XPS and wetting‐tension measurements. The primary effect of CDT on the heat‐sealing behavior of LLDPE films is a transition in the failure mode of heat seals from a normal tearing or inseparable bond to a peelable seal. In addition, CDT increases the seal initiation temperature 5–17°C and decreases the plateau seal strength 5–20% as the treat level, or wetting tension, increases from 31 to 56 dynes/cm. These effects are attributed to cross‐linking during corona treatment, which restricts polymer mobility near the surface and limits the extent of interdiffusion and entaglements across the seal interface. Results of heat‐sealing studies with electron‐beam‐irradiated PE, chemically oxidized PE, and CDT polypropylene (PP) provide indirect evidence for the proposed surface cross‐linking mechanism. The effect of commercial levels of slip additives on the heat‐seal behavior was also investigated. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
John Carroll's The Nurnberg Funnel and minimalist documentation (1990)

In The Nurnberg Funnel, J.M. Carroll (1990) reviews and reformulates his research on minimalism, a well-known approach to both print and online software documentation in which explicit instruction is severely reduced and users learn through a predominantly exploratory process. The authors examine the book and conclude that although it is stimulating and valuable, Carroll fails to make a compelling case of minimalism as a broadly applicable alternative to the contemporary multicomponent documentation set.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic behavior analysis of a plate in magnetic field by full coupling and MMD methods (1994)

This paper describes the numerical results for the dynamic behavior analysis of a thin plate vibration in magnetic field. The authors of this paper apply the full coupling method and the MMD (Modal magnetic damping) method to the magnetomechanical coupling analysis. The comparison between the results by the two methods shows almost satisfactory agreement and verifies the applicability of the MMD method. The results by the MMD method have the larger values and would give conservative evaluation in structure design in strong magnetic field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A compositional modelling approach for live migration in Software Defined Networks (2014)

Recent advances offered by Software Defined Networking and virtualization techniques are creating the favourable conditions to design and develop Future Networks where network functions and services can be virtualized, dynamically instantiated and moved across networks. The ability to dynamically allocate virtual nodes across distributed physical hosts and even more the live migration of the Virtual Machines which perform such virtual network functions are driving current network infrastructures towards “programmable” networks. To be adopted as a deployable feature on a Carrier's Network, live migration performance need to be analysed and tested. Therefore a compositional modelling approach could provide early measures by evaluating the impact of these new technologies on the performance of Future Network systems. The main contribution of the paper is the definition of a general modelling framework to integrate simple models representing the main components and features of a Future Network architecture. Starting from this model composed by atomic sub-models, we conduct the performance analysis of the live migration of a single Virtual Machine between two hosts located in different networks. The Möbius tool has been used for developing the model as well as for studying its behaviour and performance. Finally, some simulative results are provided in order to show the feasibility of this approach.
The transmission and effects of <i>Wolbachia</i> bacteria in parasitoids (1999)

Abstract Wolbachia bacteria are obligatory intracellular parasites of arthropods and have been detected in about 70 species of parasitic wasps and three parasitoid flies. Wolbachia are transmitted cytoplasmically (maternally) and modify host reproduction in different ways to enhance their own transmission: parthenogenesis induction (PI), cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), or feminization (F) of genetic males. Only PI and CI are known in parasitoids. PI‐ Wolbachia cause thelytoky in otherwise arrhenotokous parasitoids by generating diploid (rather than haploid) unfertilized wasp eggs. CI‐ Wolbachia cause incompatibility of crosses between infected males and uninfected females because the paternally derived chromosomes fail to decondense and are destroyed after syngamy. More complex situations arise when hosts harbor multiple infections, which can lead to bidirectional incompatibility and may be involved in parasitoid speciation. The relative fitness of infected and uninfected hosts is important to the population dynamics of Wolbachia , and more data are needed. Evolutionary conflict should be common between host genes, Wolbachia genes, and other “selfish” genetic elements. Wolbachia ‐specific PCR primers are now available for several genes with different rates of evolution. These primers will permit rapid screening in future studies of spatial and temporal patterns of single and multiple infection. Molecular phylogenies show that CI‐ and PI‐ Wolbachia do not form discrete clades. In combination with experimental transfection data, this result suggests that host reproductive alterations depend on the interaction between attributes of both Wolbachia and host. Moreover, Wolbachia isolates from closely related hosts do not usually cluster together, and phylogenies suggest that Wolbachia may have radiated after their arthropod hosts. Both results support considerable horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between host species over evolutionary time. Natural horizontal transmisson between parasitoids and their hosts, or with entomoparasitic nematodes or ectoparasitic mites, remains a tantalizing but equivocal possibility.
Total syntheses of aflatoxins M1 and G1 and an improved synthesis of aflatoxin B1 (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal syntheses of aflatoxins M1 and G1 and an improved synthesis of aflatoxin B1George Buechi and Steven M. WeinrebCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 3, 746–752Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00732a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00732a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2510Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Synthesis of dl-Sesamin and dl-Asarinin<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of dl-Sesamin and dl-Asarinin1Morton Beroza and Milton S. SchechterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 6, 1242–1247Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01587a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01587a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microcontroller Based Reprogrammable Digital Door Lock Security System by Using Keypad & GSM/CDMA Technology (2013)

Now a day's Security has been a prime concern in the home or office management. Digital door lock security system provides security and safety to house or office owners, belongings, assets from being damaged by external agent or undesired strangers. We have used a new technology, incoming number verification system which gives more protection for controlling & security system. As Conventional security system does not use any password, there is a chance to hack or break the system. In this regard we used a desire mobile number without verification which doesn't allow the door to be opend.This system is composed of the microcontroller based by using matrix keypad & GSM/CDMA network. The microcontroller based digital door lock security system is an access control system that allows only authorized persons to access restricted area. The password is stored in PROM so that we can change it any time. The system has a matrix keypad .When anyone enter the code in the matrix keypad, microcontroller verify the codes. If that code is correct the device will operate and the door will be open. But if someone enter wrong code a red signal will be shown which means that the entered code is wrong.GSM/CDMA module can be used to operate the device, when anyone make a call from his mobile the receiving device which is set in main circuitry will receive the call. If the call is from desired number then operate the device and the door will be unlocked. An IPS circuit can be used for giving backup in case of emergency when there is a power failure.
Taxol induction of p21WAF1 and p53 requires c-raf-1. (1995)

Taxol stabilizes microtubules, prevents tubulin depolymerization, and promotes tubulin bundling and is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of metastatic breast and ovarian cancer. Although its interaction with tubulin has been well characterized, the mechanism by which taxol induces growth arrest and cytotoxicity is not well understood. Herein, we show that taxol induced dose- and time-dependent accumulation of the cyclin inhibitor p21WAF1 in both p53 wild-type and p53-null cells, although the degree of induction was greater in cells expressing wild-type p53. In MCF7 cells, wild-type p53 protein was also induced after taxol treatment, and this induction was mediated primarily by increased protein stability. Taxol induced both p21WAF1 and wild-type p53 optimally in MCF7 cells after 20-24-h exposure with an EC50(3) of 5 nM. In p53-null PC3M cells, p21WAF1 was similarly induced after 24-h exposure to taxol. Coincident with these biochemical effects, taxol altered the electrophoretic mobility of c-raf-1 and stimulated mitogen activated protein kinase. Previous depletion of c-raf-1 inhibited both the p21WAF1- and p53-inducing properties of taxol, as well as the activation of MAP kinase. These data suggest that induction of p21WAF1 by taxol requires c-raf-1 activity, but that it is not strictly dependent on wild-type p53. Furthermore, the ability of taxol to both induce wild-type p53 in MCF7 cells and activate MAP kinase is also dependent on c-raf-1 expression.
The Amino-Terminal Domain of Yeast U1-70K Is Necessary and Sufficient for Function (1995)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNP1 gene encodes a protein that shares 30% amino acid identity with the mammalian U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle protein 70K (U1-70K). We have demonstrated that yeast strains in which the SNP1 gene was disrupted are viable but exhibit greatly increased doubling times and severe temperature sensitivity. Furthermore, snp1-null strains are defective in pre-mRNA splicing. We have tested deletion alleles of SNP1 for their ability to complement these phenotypes. We found that the highly conserved RNA recognition motif consensus domain of Snp1 is not required for complementation of the snp1-null growth or splicing defects nor for the in vivo association with the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. However, the amino-terminal domain of Snp1, less strongly conserved, is necessary and sufficient for complementation.
The Bases of Power: Origins and Recent Developments (1993)

The history and background of the analysis of the basis of power is examined, beginning with its origins in the works of Kurt Lewin and his followers at the Research Center for Group Dynamics, particularly the early research by John R. P. French. The original French and Raven (1959) bases of power model posited six bases of power: reward, coercion, legitimate, expert, referent, and informational (or persuasion; Raven, 1965), Since then, as the result of considerable research, the model has gone through significant developments. A more comprehensive model is presented here that reviews the following: various motivations of the influencing agent; an assessment of available power bases in terms of potential effectiveness, time perspective, personal preferences, values and norms; consideration of other strategies such as manipulation; utilization of various preparatory and stage‐setting devices to strengthen one's power resources; implementation of the power strategies; assessment of effectiveness of influence attempt and its positive and/or negative aftereffects; use of various ameliorative devices; and review, reconsideration, and another round of influence strategies. The overall model is examined in terms of its applicability to various settings including hospital infection control, patient compliance with physicians' recommendations, confrontations between political figures, children's influence on their peers, conflict resolution and negotiation, as well as supervisor/subordinate relationships.
Ferromagnetism in a Hubbard model for an atomic quantum wire: A realization of flat-band magnetism from even-membered rings (1998)

We have examined as a Hubbard model on a chain of squares, which was as proposed by Yajima et al. as a model of an atomic quantum wire As/Si(100), to show that the flat-band ferromagnetism according to a kind of Mielke-Tasaki mechanism should be realized for an appropriate band filling in such a nonfrustrated lattice. Reflecting the fact that the flat band is not a bottom one, the ferromagnetism vanishes, rather than intensifies, as the Hubbard $U$ is increased. The exact-diagonalization method is used to show that the critical value of $U$ is in a realistic range. We also discussed the robustness of the magnetism against the degradation of the flatness of the band.
Gage for evaluating rheumatoid hands (1981)

Two-axis goniometer accurately measures movements of fingers about knuckle joints, diagnosing hands structurally changed by rheumatoid arthritis. Instrument measures lateral movement which is small in normal knuckles but increased in diseased joints. Goniometer is two connected protractors that simultaneously measure angles in perpindicular planes. Dials are offset to clear bony protuberances; extension and offset adjustments span any hand size.
Protonation Constants and Thermodynamic Properties of Amino Acid Salts for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture at High Temperatures (2014)

Amino acid salts have greater potential for CO2 capture at high temperatures than typical amine-based absorbents because of their low volatility, high absorption rate, and high oxidative stability. The protonation constant (pKa) of an amino acid salt is crucial for CO2 capture, as it decreases with increasing absorption temperature. However, published pKa values of amino acid salts have usually been determined at ambient temperatures. In this study, the pKa values of 11 amino acid salts were determined in the temperature range of 298–353 K using a potentiometric titration method. The standard-state molar enthalpies (ΔHm0) and entropies (ΔSm0) of the protonation reactions were also determined by the van’t Hoff equation. It was found that sarcosine can maintain a higher pKa than the other amino acids studied at high temperatures. We also found that the CO2 solubilities and overall mass-transfer coefficients of 5 m′ sarcosinate (moles of sarcosine per kilogram of solution) at 333–353 K are higher than those of 30% MEA at 313–353 K. These results show that some possible benefits can be produced from the use of sarcosine as a fast solvent for CO2 absorption at high temperatures. However, the pronotation reaction of sarcosine is the least exothermic among those of all amino acids studied. This could lead to a high regeneration energy consumption in the sarcosinate-based CO2 capture process.
A 70-MHz 8-bit×8-bit parallel pipelined multiplier in 2.5-μm CMOS (1986)

A design is presented for an 8-bit/spl times/8-bit parallel pipelined multiplier for high speed digital signal-processing applications. The multiplier is pipelined at the bit level. The first version of this multiplier has been fabricated in 2.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. It has been tested at multiplication rates up to 70 MHz with a power dissipation of less than 250 mW. Clock skew, a major problem encountered in high-speed pipelined architectures, is overcome by the use of a balanced clock distribution network all on metal, and by proper use of clock buffers. These issues and the timing simulation of the pipeline design are discussed in detail. Possible extensions and improvements for achieving higher performance levels are discussed. The conversion of the two-phase clocking scheme to an inherently single-phase clock approach is one possible improvement. A design using this approach has been simulated at 75 MHz and is currently being fabricated.