gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Ingredient Functionality and Formulation Optimization of an Instant Peanut Beverage Mix (2009)

Powder for an instant shake-style beverage was created using partially defatted peanut flour (12% fat), granulated sugar, and nonfat dry milk (NFDM). The 3 main components, along with constant amounts of stabilizing gums and anti-caking silica, were mixed together and finely milled in a Super Wing Mill to further reduce the particle sizes. Drinks from each formula variation were prepared and analyzed for viscosity (digital viscometer), color (colorimeter), and separation rate. Each beverage was also analyzed by consumers to determine acceptability of flavor, mouth-feel, and color. Physical test results show that viscosity increased with increasing proportion of peanut flour in the formula, and viscosity decreased with increasing levels of sugar and NFDM. For each formula, the samples at refrigerated temperature (4 degrees C) were less viscous than those at ambient temperatures (23 to 25 degrees C). Color values show that the beverage powder color was mostly influenced by peanut flour percentage, becoming darker with increasing levels of peanut flour. Prepared beverage color was influenced by both NFDM and peanut flour percentage; lightness increased with increasing NFDM percentage and decreased with increasing peanut flour percentage. Separation rates were most affected by the proportion of NFDM in the formula; higher levels decreased the rate of separation. Refrigeration slowed the rate of separation in all samples. Response surface analysis of consumer test data showed that the most acceptable formulation for the peanut beverage included approximately equal amounts of peanut flour, sugar, and NFDM.
Bit level pipelining of recursive computations (1988)

Presents a novel solution to the problems of pipelining bit parallel recursive operations at bit level. A bit level first order IIR filter section is presented in which bit level pipelining is used to obtain a high throughput rate. These ideas are then extended and a simple bit level systolic building block is presented which can be used in the construction of a wide range of recursive filters. The work to date has extended these ideas to first and second order IIR filter sections. This allows implementation of any Mth order filter as the realization of the filter is a cascade of first and second order sections.
Interaction of physical function, quality of life and depression in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: characterization of a large patient cohort (2015)

Depressive symptoms had a strong influence on QoL, hence their detection and treatment is of particular importance. Different domains of QoL are differently affected in subgroups of ALS patients. Being aware of these differences can be valuable for both ALS professional and family caregivers and physicians.
[Application of bi-pedicel and bi-muscle flaps for the expanded partial laryngectomy in the patients with T3T4 laryngeal cancer]. (2003)

With the application of bi-pedicel and bi-muscle flaps, the patients, if treated by total laryngectomy as traditional technique, could be treated by partial laryngectomy. This method could expand the indication of partial laryngectomy and improve the life quality and survival rate.
High hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load is an important risk factor for HBV reactivation in breast cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy (2004)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during cytotoxic chemotherapy for cancer may complicate treatment and cause liver damage. The complication has been reported to occur in 10% to over 50% of HBV carriers, but the factors that determine which patients will develop reactivation remain unclear. The objective of the study is to test the hypothesis that the prechemotherapy HBV DNA level is a risk factor for the development of HBV reactivation. We studied 41 women undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for breast cancer, 17 of whom developed reactivation and 24 who did not. We developed a novel, ultra-sensitive, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the measurement of HBV DNA. The sera of 37 patients (16 who developed reactivation and 21 who did not) were available for measurement of HBV DNA using this technique. The results showed that patients in the reactivation group had a significantly higher median HBV DNA load (1.03 x 10(6) copies/mL; range <2.9 x 10(3) to 8.723 x 10(7)) than did the nonreactivation group (<2.9 x 10(3) copies/ml; range <2.9 x 10(3) to 6.331 x 10(7)) (P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off between the two groups was found to be at serum HBV DNA level of 3 x 10(5), which gave a sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 85.0%. In conclusion, for breast cancer patients receiving standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, a high HBV viral load prior to the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy is a significant predictive factor for the development of HBV reactivation. Such information may be useful in determining which patients would benefit most from prophylactic antiviral therapy during cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Structure Property Process Relationships for Meltblown Fibrous Media (2012)

HASSAN, MOHAMMAD ABOUELREESH ABDRABOUH.Structure-Property-Process Relationships for
Characterization of transgenic tilapia lines with different ectopic expression of tilapia growth hormone. (1997)

The transfer of growth hormone (GH) genes has opened new possibilities for the manipulation of growth in economically important fish species. However, the ectopic GH levels to optimize growth acceleration in fish, and specially in tilapia, are not known and must be determined experimentally. The tilapia GH (tiGH) cDNA was used to construct chimeric genes expressing different levels of tiGH in vitro and in vivo. These constructs were used to generate four lines of transgenic tilapia by microinjection into one-cell embryos. Different patterns and levels of ectopic expression of tiGH and IGF were detected in organs of transgenic tilapia by RNA or protein analysis. The two lines with lower ectopic tiGH mRNA levels were the only ones showing growth acceleration, suggesting that the expression of ectopic tiGH promoted growth only at low expression levels. The effect of higher ectopic tiGH levels resembled the physiologic situation of low condition factor and permitted us to postulate a model for growth acceleration in transgenic tilapia expressing ectopic tiGH.
Drug Resistance in Leishmaniasis (2006)

Leishmaniasis is a complex disease, with visceral and cutaneous manifestations, and is caused by over 15 different species of the protozoan parasite genus Leishmania. There are significant differences in the sensitivity of these species both to the standard drugs, for example, pentavalent antimonials and miltefosine, and those on clinical trial, for example, paromomycin. Over 60% of patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar State, India, do not respond to treatment with pentavalent antimonials. This is now considered to be due to acquired resistance. Although this class of drugs has been used for over 60 years for leishmaniasis treatment, it is only in the past 2 years that the mechanisms of action and resistance have been identified, related to drug metabolism, thiol metabolism, and drug efflux. With the introduction of new therapies, including miltefosine in 2002 and paromomycin in 2005-2006, it is essential that there be a strategy to prevent the emergence of resistance to new drugs; combination therapy, monitoring of therapy, and improved diagnostics could play an essential role in this strategy.
Early Prognostic Factors in Patients with Acute Renal Failure Requiring Dialysis (2006)

Early prognostic factors in predicting mortality for patients with ARF requiring dialysis identified by multivariate logistic regression were oliguria, low plasma fibrinogen, hypotension, cardiac disease, and neoplastic disease. Serum CRP and albumin were not predictive of hospital mortality, whereas a plasma fibrinogen level < or =300 mg/dL had 61% sensitivity and 96% specificity in predicting mortality.
H-NS mediates the dissociation of a refractory protein-DNA complex during Tn10/IS10 transposition (2011)

Tn10/IS10 transposition takes place in the context of a protein-DNA complex called a transpososome. During the reaction, the transpososome undergoes several conformational changes. The host proteins IHF and H-NS, which also are global regulators of gene expression, play important roles in directing these architectural changes. IHF binds tightly to only one of two transposon ends within the transpososome, folding this end into a DNA loop structure. Unfolding this DNA loop is necessary for excising the transposon from flanking donor DNA and preventing integration of the transposon into itself. We show here that efficient DNA loop unfolding relies on the continuity of the flanking donor DNA on the side of the transpososome opposite to the folded transposon end. We also show this same donor DNA is a preferred binding site for H-NS, which promotes opening of the IHF-loop, which is required for productive target interactions. This is counter to the usual mode of H-NS action, which is repressive due to its propensity to coat DNA. The interplay between IHF and H-NS likely serves to couple the rate of transposition to the host cell physiology as both of these proteins are integrated into cellular stress response pathways.
Revised UV extinction coefficients for nucleoside-5′-monophosphates and unpaired DNA and RNA (2004)

Ultraviolet absorption provides the nearly universal basis for determining concentrations of nucleic acids. Values for the UV extinction coefficients of DNA and RNA rely on the mononucleotide values determined 30-50 years ago. We show that nearly all of the previously published extinction coefficients for the nucleoside-5'-monophosphates are too large, and in error by as much as 7%. Concentrations based on complete hydrolysis and the older set of values are too low by approximately 4% for typical RNA and 2-3% for typical DNA samples. We also analyzed data in the literature for the extinction coefficients of unpaired DNA oligomers. Robust prediction of concentrations can be made using 38 microg/A260 unit for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) having non-repetitive sequences and 40-80% GC. This is superior to currently used predictions that account for nearest-neighbor frequency or base composition. The latter result in concentrations that are 10-30% too low for typical ssDNA used as primers for PCR and other similar techniques. Methods are described here to accurately measure concentrations of nucleotides by nuclear magnetic resonance. NMR can be used to accurately determine concentrations (and extinction coefficients) of biomolecules within 1%.
Role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of recurrent uveitis in horses from the southeastern United States (2008)

In horses from the southeastern United States, Leptospira organisms may have helped initiate ERU in some, but the continued presence of the organisms did not play a direct role in the pathogenesis of this recurrent disease.
The role of fibrinogen D domain intermolecular association sites in the polymerization of fibrin and fibrinogen Tokyo II (gamma 275 Arg-->Cys). (1995)

Intermolecular end-to-middle domain pairing between a thrombin-exposed 'A' polymerization site in the central 'E' domain of fibrin, and a constitutive complementary 'a' site in each outer 'D' domain ('D:E'), is necessary but not alone sufficient for normal fibrin assembly, as judged from previous studies of a congenital dysfibrinogen, Tokyo II (gamma 275 arg-->cys), which showed defective fibrin clot assembly and a normal D:E interaction (Matsuda, M., M. Baba, K. Morimoto, and C. Nakamikawa, 1983. J. Clin. Invest. 72:1034-1041). In addition to the 'a' polymerization site, two other constitutive intermolecular association sites on fibrinogen D domains have been defined: between gamma chain regions containing the carboxy-terminal factor XIIIa crosslinking site ('gamma XL:gamma XL'); and between sites located at the outer ends of each molecule ('D:D') (Mosesson, M. W., K. R. Siebenlist, J. F. Hainfeld, and J. S. Wall, manuscript submitted for publication). We evaluated the function of these sites in Tokyo II fibrinogen, and confirmed that there was a normal fibrin D:E interaction, as determined from a normal fibrin crosslinking rate in the presence of factor XIIIa. We also found a normal gamma XL: gamma XL interaction, as assessed by a normal fibrinogen crosslinking rate. Judging from electron microscopic images, factor XIIIa-crosslinked Tokyo II fibrinogen failed to form elongated double-stranded fibrils like normal fibrinogen. Instead, it formed aggregated disordered collections of molecules, with occasional short fibrillar segments. In addition, Tokyo II fibrin formed an abnormal, extensively branched clot network containing many tapered terminating fibers. These findings indicate that the Tokyo II fibrinogen defect results in a functionally abnormal D:D self-association site, and that a normal D:D site interaction is required, in addition to D:E, for normal fibrin or fibrinogen assembly.
Structural Basis of Multiple Drug-Binding Capacity of the AcrB Multidrug Efflux Pump (2003)

Multidrug efflux pumps cause serious problems in cancer chemotherapy and treatment of bacterial infections. Yet high-resolution structures of ligand transporter complexes have previously been unavailable. We obtained x-ray crystallographic structures of the trimeric AcrB pump from Escherichia coli with four structurally diverse ligands. The structures show that three molecules of ligands bind simultaneously to the extremely large central cavity of 5000 cubic angstroms, primarily by hydrophobic, aromatic stacking and van der Waals interactions. Each ligand uses a slightly different subset of AcrB residues for binding. The bound ligand molecules often interact with each other, stabilizing the binding.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in a closed colony of baboons (<i>Papio ursinus</i>) (1983)

An outbreak of tuberculosis in a nonhuman primate colony involved 11 of 91 (12.1%) baboons (Papio ursinus). Tuberculin tests identified 80%, X-ray screening 10% and throat swab bacteriology 30% of diseased animals. Cough was a misleading indicator of tuberculosis. Stress resulting from experimental interference with animals was unrelated to disease development. Twice as many females as males were attacked. Screening and prophylactic, therapeutic and preventive measures are discussed.
Evidence for the organization of chromatin in megabase pair-sized loops arranged along a random walk path in the human G0/G1 interphase nucleus. (1995)

We determined the folding of chromosomes in interphase nuclei by measuring the distance between points on the same chromosome. Over 25,000 measurements were made in G0/G1 nuclei between DNA sequences separated by 0.15-190 megabase pairs (Mbp) on three human chromosomes. The DNA sequences were specifically labeled by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The relationship between mean-square interphase distance and genomic separation has two linear phases, with a transition at approximately 2 Mbp. This biphasic relationship indicates the existence of two organizational levels at scales > 100 kbp. On one level, chromatin appears to be arranged in large loops several Mbp in size. Within each loop, chromatin is randomly folded. On the second level, specific loop-attachment sites are arranged to form a supple, backbonelike structure, which also shows characteristic random walk behavior. This random walk/giant loop model is the simplest model that fully describes the observed large-scale spatial relationships. Additional evidence for large loops comes from measurements among probes in Xq28, where interphase distance increases and then locally decreases with increasing genomic separation.
Approaches to the problem of individual doxorubicin dosing schedules. (1987)

Doxorubicin is one of the most commonly used antineoplastic agents today. Dosing schedules are inexact and there remains a need to develop predictive models for its administration. Data from prior work in humans is difficult to interpret because of poor patient selection, poor drug assays, lack of knowledge of metabolite toxicity, concurrent treatment with other hepatically metabolized drugs, and individual pharmacogenetics which are poorly described. We have developed a rabbit model of in vivo drug pharmacokinetics in the setting of enzyme inhibition and sublethal hepatocellular necrosis. Our data suggest that the rabbit may be used as a model of hepatic drug metabolism and that changes in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in isolated hepatic disease may be simulated in the rabbit. The results obtained may be applied in more directed and controlled studies in humans.
Reaction characterization by flow NMR: quantitation and monitoring of dissolved H<sub>2</sub>via flow NMR at high pressure (2014)

This communication describes an in situ method for direct observation and quantitation of dissolved H2 at high pressure with concurrent monitoring and characterization of organic reactions. This capability also allows for direct measurement of k(L)a values and provides insight into reactions that was not previously attainable.
Epidermal growth factor receptor plays a significant role in hepatocyte growth factor mediated biological responses in mammary epithelial cells (2007)

Breast cancers often have deregulated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-Met signaling that results in increased tumor growth and invasion. Elucidating the mechanism responsible for HGF/c-Met action in breast cancer progression has been difficult as c-Met communicates with a number of secondary receptors that can lead to various pathological outcomes. Understanding how these secondary receptors facilitate HGF/c-Met cellular responses will aid in the development of better therapeutic treatment options for breast cancer patients with elevated HGF signaling. In the present study it was shown that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a significant role in HGF/c-Met mediated biological activities indicative of advanced tumor pathology, including enhanced proliferation and invasion. The clinically relevant EGFR inhibitor gefitinib was used to determine the role of EGFR in HGF-induced proliferation and motility in several mammary carcinoma cells including PyVmT, MDA-MB-231 and 4T1. Our analyses indicated that EGFR inhibition significantly blocked HGF activation of c-Met and EGFR and that inhibition of these pathways mitigated HGF induced proliferation and motility. The data indicate that this inhibition was not through a direct effect of gefitinib on c-Met, but that EGFR is necessary for c-Met activation in the assays performed. These results provide a novel mechanism of action for EGFR as a mediator of HGF signaling thereby linking EGFR to the oncogenic potential of c-Met in mammary carcinomas cells.
Facilities for macromolecular crystallography at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (2012)

Three macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) are available for the regional, national and international structural biology user community. The state-of-the-art synchrotron beamlines for MX BL14.1, BL14.2 and BL14.3 are located within the low-β section of the BESSY II electron storage ring. All beamlines are fed from a superconducting 7 T wavelength-shifter insertion device. BL14.1 and BL14.2 are energy tunable in the range 5-16 keV, while BL14.3 is a fixed-energy side station operated at 13.8 keV. All three beamlines are equipped with CCD detectors. BL14.1 and BL14.2 are in regular user operation providing about 200 beam days per year and about 600 user shifts to approximately 50 research groups across Europe. BL14.3 has initially been used as a test facility and was brought into regular user mode operation during the year 2010. BL14.1 has recently been upgraded with a microdiffractometer including a mini-κ goniometer and an automated sample changer. Additional user facilities include office space adjacent to the beamlines, a sample preparation laboratory, a biology laboratory (safety level 1) and high-end computing resources. In this article the instrumentation of the beamlines is described, and a summary of the experimental possibilities of the beamlines and the provided ancillary equipment for the user community is given.
Isolation and Phenotypic Characterization of Lung Fibroblasts (2005)

Primary fibroblasts represent a heterogeneous population of cells that can be separated into subsets on the basis of cell surface markers such as Thy-1. Deriving fibroblasts initially involves obtaining tissue explants from tissues such as the lung, heart, cornea, skin, and orbit. The tissue is mechanically dissociated and cells are allowed to proliferate from the fragments. Following establishment of a primary culture of fibroblasts, it is necessary to characterize the new strain of cells to ensure their purity and fibroblastic phenotype using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry to detect the presence or absence of cell-specific surface markers. Characterizing the cells as expressing or lacking Thy-1 can also be performed by immunofluorescence in concert with microscopy or by flow cytometry using an anti-human Thy-1 antibody. In addition, fibroblasts may be sorted according to their expression of Thy-1 by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and/or magnetic beading; use of these techniques can yield greater than 99% purity. Once separated, the pure Thy-1 expressing or lacking fibroblast subsets can be propagated. These subsets can then be used for experimentation to determine functional differences between fibroblasts derived from normal and pathological tissue such as scarred lung.
Surgeon Contribution to Hospital Bottom Line (2005)

Surgeons contribute significantly to hospital margin with certain specialties being more profitable than others. Payer mix, the penetration of managed care, and negotiated contracts as well as a number of other factors all have an impact on an individual hospital's margin. Surgeons should be fully cognizant of their significant influence in the marketplace.
Adaptive control of a biped robot walking across a horizontal plane (1992)

Abstract The problem of biped robot walk control is considered. Intertial robot parameters are assumed unknown and control actions are applied only twice during one step. For adaptation the recurrent aim inequalities method is used. The control algorithm is designed and theoretically justified. Computer simulation results are presented.
The decomposition kinetics of molybdenite in an argon plasma (1975)

Abstract A reactor system was developed for the study of heterogeneous reaction kinetics in plasma tail flames. This system was used to investigate the thermal decomposition kinetics of stationary particles of molybdenum disulfide in both the molten and solid state when exposed to argon flames in the temperature range 3 000°K to 8 000°K. In the solid state a shrinking‐core reaction model was obeyed. The rate of reaction was largely controlled by the diffusion of sulfur vapor outwards through the product layer. An apparent activation energy of 134 kcal/mole was calculated for the particle temperature range 1 613° to 1 833°K The molten state reaction was controlled by the rate of heat transfer to the reacting particle. Calculations indicated that the rate of heat transfer was influenced by the efflux of sulfur.