gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Formation Process of a New Cubic Conductive Cu<sub>7</sub>O<sub>8-y</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>) Compound (1990)

The synthesis and formation process of a new cubic conductive Cu 7 O 8- y (NO 3 ) compound was studied. This material was formed as an intermediate compound in the decomposition process of copper nitrate by a firing process in oxygen flowing gas. It has a CuO 2 plane in its lattice structure and is a parent material of the new metallic copper oxide compounds.
A Review on Techniques for Tremor Recording and Quantification (2007)

Tremor is the most common movement disorder and differs from other disorders by its repetitive, stereotyped movements, with regular frequency and amplitude. The three most frequent pathological forms of it are the essential tremor (ET), the Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor, and the enhanced physiological tremor. The ET and PD tremor affect the older population mostly. Although there are cases of tremor reported since ancient times, there is currently no consensus about its causes or about its main differential characteristics. In this article, we present a review of the methods more frequently used in measurement and analysis of tremor and the difficulties encountered in the research for the identification of methodologies that allow a significant advance in the study of tremor.
NO<sub>2</sub>Formation in the Mixing Region of Hot Burned Gas with Cool Air (1984)

Abstract The conservation equations were solved numerically for the burned gas of methane-air and hydrogen-air to study the mechanism of NO2 formation in the mixing region of hot burned gases with surrounding cool air. The spatial distributions of temperature and species concentrations in the gas mixture were predicted in a laminar flow field at atmospheric pressure. In the mixing region, NO2, is shown to be produced through the reaction NO+HO2→NO2+OH and consumed through the reactions NO2+H→NO+OH and NO2+OH→NO+HO2, depending on the temperature and composition of burned gas. The NO2/NOx ratio in the mixing region decreases with a decrease in the burned gas temperature, and the NO2/NOx ratio for the burned gas of hydrogen-air is lower than that for the burned gas of methane-air at the same burned gas temperature. The NO2 formation in the mixing region also is shown to be affected by the temperature gradient in the mixing region and the concentration of active species such as H, OH and O as well as NO in the burned gas.
Localization to the Proteasome Is Sufficient for Degradation (2004)

The majority of unstable proteins in eukaryotic cells are targeted for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Substrates for degradation are recognized by the E1, E2, and E3 ubiquitin conjugation machinery and tagged with polyubiquitin chains, which are thought to promote the proteolytic process through their binding with the proteasome. We describe a method to bypass the ubiquitination step artificially both in vivo and in a purified in vitro system. Seven proteasome subunits were tagged with Fpr1, and fusion reporter constructs were created with the Fpr1-rapamycin binding domain of Tor1. Reporter proteins were localized to the proteasome by the addition of rapamycin, a drug that heterodimerizes Fpr1 and Tor1. Degradation of reporter proteins was observed with proteasomes that had either Rpn10 or Pre10 subunits tagged with Fpr1. Our experiments resolved a simple but central problem concerning the design of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We conclude that localization to the proteasome is sufficient for degradation and, therefore, any added functions polyubiquitin chains possess beyond tethering substrates to the proteasome are not strictly necessary for proteolysis.
The early life of colonel blimp (2012)

As a new digital print restores The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp to its Technicolor glory, we reproduce two key artefacts from its production: a tapestry and a treatment
Biocidal Activity of Formaldehyde and Nonformaldehyde Biocides toward <i>Mycobacterium immunogenum</i> and <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> in Pure and Mixed Suspensions in Synthetic Metalworking Fluid and Saline (2005)

The microbicidal activity of four different biocides was studied in synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) against Mycobacterium immunogenum, a suspected causative agent for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, a representative for the predominant gram-negative bacterial contaminants of MWF. The results indicated that M. immunogenum is more resistant than P. fluorescens to the tested formaldehyde-releasing biocides (Grotan and Bioban), isothiazolone (Kathon), and phenolic biocide (Preventol). Kathon was effective against mycobacteria at lower concentrations than the other three test biocides in MWF. In general, there was a marked increase in biocidal resistance of both the test organisms when present in MWF matrix compared to saline. Increased resistance of the two test organisms to biocides was observed when they were in a mixed suspension (1:1 ratio). The results indicate the protective effect of the MWF matrix against the action of commonly used biocides on the MWF-colonizing microbial species of occupational health significance, including mycobacteria.
Characterization of bovine and human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors using monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Neuronal acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which bind nicotine with high affinity but do not bind alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Bgt), have recently been immunoaffinity-purified from chicken (Whiting and Lindstrom, 1986a) and rat (Whiting and Lindstrom, 1987a) brain using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here we report the characterization of nicotinic AChRs of bovine and human brain using as probes mAbs prepared to AChRs from rat brain. Both the human and bovine brain AChRs exhibit high affinity for L-nicotine (Ki = 16 nM for bovine AChR and Ki = 6.5 nM for human AChR) and other cholinergic agonists, relatively lower affinity for cholinergic antagonists, and do not bind alpha Bgt. These AChRs are affinity-labeled with bromoacetylcholine and 4-(N-maleimido)benzyltrimethylammonium iodide (MBTA) after reduction with dithiothreitol, indicating that amino acid residues homologous to cysteines 192 and 193 of alpha subunits of Torpedo electric organ AChRs are conserved. Immunoaffinity-purified bovine brain AChR consists of 2 types of subunit, Mr 50,600 and Mr 74,400. The Mr 74,400 subunit was affinity-labeled with 3H-MBTA, indicating that it contains the ACh binding site. Thus, mAbs have proven to be excellent probes for these proteins, and have been used to show that neuronal nicotinic AChRs of chickens, rats, and cattle are macromolecules approximately 10 S in size and composed of only 2 kinds of subunits: an ACh-binding subunit and a structural subunit.
Thrust Vectoring Flow Control Using Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators (2008)

arrangement of the plasma actuator for several applications of aerodynamic flow control, producing a zero net mass flux jet away from the surface similar to a conventional synthetic jet. The ability to vector the jet would be beneficial for a number of flow control applications. It is shown that by asymmetrically varying the strength of the continuous dielectric barrier discharge, the direction of the jet produced can be controlled. A synthetic jet can also be produced by asymmetrically pulsing the plasma at high frequency. By varying the relative duty cycle, the jet angle can be controlled. The type of jet produced by unsteady actuation is shown to be aected by the pulsing frequency, and the angle of jet created is shown to be aected by the driving frequency and the duty cycle.
Effect of Indirect Nonequilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Anti-Proliferative Activity against Chronic Chemo-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

We demonstrated that plasma-activated medium also had an anti-tumor effect on chemo-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo. Indirect plasma therapy is a promising treatment option for EOC and may contribute to a better patient prognosis in the future.
[Proton irradiation synchronized with respiratory cycle]. (1992)

A sensitive strain gauge was used to detect the movement of the chest wall in order to synchronize an irradiation control system with the respiratory cycle. The output timing signal from the system is transferred to the proton accelerator for synchronized irradiation. The timing signal is set during the expiratory phase at a duration of 1.5 to 2 seconds. The efficacy of this method was evaluated by dose volume histogram based on the treatment planning program with CT images. The volume spared by this novel method was calculated in several cases, and results suggest that the method was highly effective.
Single Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization with Transmit Diversity over Mobile Multipath Channels (2006)

This paper discusses a cyclic prefixed single carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) scheme with two types of transmit diversity. Firstly, we propose a SC-FDE system with space-frequency block coding (SFBC). The transmit sequence of the proposed system is designed to have spatial and frequency diversities, which is equivalent to the SFBC. The corresponding combining receiver is derived under a minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. It is shown that the proposed system significantly outperforms the SC-FDE system with space-time block coding (STBC) over fast fading channels, while providing lower computational complexity than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) combined with SFBC. We verify the performance of two-branch transmit diversity systems including the proposed one through bit error rate (BER) analysis. Secondly, as a scheme that combines STBC and SFBC, a space-time-frequency block code (STFBC) SC-FDE system is presented. Computer simulation results show that the proposed STFBC SC-FDE system has better immunity to the distortion caused by both fast fading and severe frequency selective fading, compared to the SC-FDE system with the STBC or the SFBC scheme. Complexity analysis is also conducted to compare their computational loads of the transceiver. It is shown that the proposed STFBC SC-FDE system has lower computational complexity than the STFBC OFDM system.
Efficient Maximum-Likelihood Soft-Decision Decoding of Linear Block Codes Using Algorithm A* (2005)

In this paper we present a novel maximum-likelihood soft-decision decoding algorithm for linear block codes. The approach used here is to convert the decoding problem into a search problem through a graph which is a trellis for an equivalent code of the transmitted code. Algorithm A* is employed to search through this graph. This search is guided by an evaluation function f defined to take advantage of the information provided by the received vector and the inherent properties of the transmitted code. This function f is used to drastically reduce the search space and to make the decoding efforts of this decoding algorithm adaptable to the noise level. Simulation results for the (104, 52) binary extended quadratic residue code and the (128,64) binary extended BCH code are given.
Long-term treprostinil in pulmonary arterial hypertension: is the glass half full or half empty? (2006)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has traditionally been considered as an inevitably fatal disease. In the 1980s, a national registry funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) described the natural history of idiopathic PAH 1. The median survival was <3 yrs and prognosis was mostly related to baseline functional capacity and pulmonary haemodynamics. In case series, the long-term outcome of patients with PAH associated with connective tissue disease, portal hypertension and HIV infection appeared to be even worse 2. This was before the era of PAH-specific therapies. In the last decade, significant advances in the current understanding of the disease have led to the development of new specific treatments. In 1996, a placebo-controlled trial demonstrated significant survival benefit with i.v. epoprostenol in idiopathic PAH patients 3. Several other therapies, including prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, were subsequently evaluated in short-term randomised placebo-controlled trials. These studies demonstrated improvements in pulmonary haemodynamics, exercise capacity and quality of life 4–6. This new era of therapy has clearly brought enthusiasm among physicians. From a clinician's perspective, the glass has been half filled.

Treprostinil s.c. was evaluated in a large randomised placebo-controlled trial involving 470 PAH patients randomised to either s.c. treprostinil or placebo 7. Over a 12-week period, s.c. treprostinil improved patients’ exercise capacity, PAH-related symptoms and haemodynamics. The median placebo-corrected increase in 6-min walking distance was 16 m, with greater improvements in severely ill patients at baseline and in those who could tolerate the highest doses. Unfortunately, this short-term trial, as with others, was underpowered and not designed to detect survival benefit. Indeed, the most ill patients are no longer entered into placebo-controlled …
Thermal conductivity of gases and liquids (1965)

The thermal conductivity of gases, liquids, gas mixtures, and liquid solutions is covered. Existing theories and equations proposed for calculation of thermal conductivity at low pressure are reviewed. The thermal conductivity of gases at high pressures, in the critical state and during transition to the liquid state, is discussed. Thermal conductivity equations for nonassociated and associated liquids at atmospheric pressure are cited. Empirical equations were derived for the thermal conductivity of solutions. The basic experimental techniques and theories underlying the experimental methods for determining thermal conductivities of liquids and gases are explained. An analysis of experimental corrections is presented and possible errors of measurement are indicated.
Cheetah: Optimizations and Methods for PrivacyPreserving Inference via Homomorphic Encryption. (2020)

As the application of deep learning continues to grow, so does the amount of data used to make predictions. While traditionally, big-data deep learning was constrained by computing performance and off-chip memory bandwidth, a new constraint has emerged: privacy. One solution is homomorphic encryption (HE). Applying HE to the client-cloud model allows cloud services to perform inference directly on the client's encrypted data. While HE can meet privacy constraints, it introduces enormous computational challenges and remains impractically slow in current systems. 
This paper introduces Cheetah, a set of algorithmic and hardware optimizations for HE DNN inference to achieve plaintext DNN inference speeds. Cheetah proposes HE-parameter tuning optimization and operator scheduling optimizations, which together deliver 79x speedup over the state-of-the-art. However, this still falls short of plaintext inference speeds by almost four orders of magnitude. To bridge the remaining performance gap, Cheetah further proposes an accelerator architecture that, when combined with the algorithmic optimizations, approaches plaintext DNN inference speeds. We evaluate several common neural network models (e.g., ResNet50, VGG16, and AlexNet) and show that plaintext-level HE inference for each is feasible with a custom accelerator consuming 30W and 545mm^2.
The Benefit and Reliability of Using Cross-Well Tomography for Reservoir Characterization (1991)

ABSTRACT Benefit and reliability of using cross-well seismic tomography for reservoir geology interpretation and EOR monitoring are illustrated by a case study from a tar sand reservoir. Emphasis is placed on how to use the tomograms and how to check their reliabilities.
Beam controlled arc therapy–a delivery concept for stationary targets (2013)

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) presupposes that it is beneficial to deliver radiation from all beam angles as the gantry rotates, requiring the multi-leaf collimator to maintain continuity in shape from one angle to another. In turn, radiation from undesirable beam angles could compromise the dose distribution. In this work, we challenge the notion that the radiation beam must be held on as the gantry rotates around the patient. We propose a new approach for delivering intensity-modulated arc therapy, beam-controlled arc therapy (BCAT), during which the radiation beam is controlled on or off and the dose rate is modulated while the gantry rotates around the patient. We employ linear-programming-based dose optimization to each aperture weight, resulting in some zero weight apertures. During delivery, the radiation beam is held off at control points with zero weights as the MLC shape transits to the next non-zero weight shape. This was tested on ten head and neck cases. Plan quality and delivery efficiency were compared with VMAT. Improvements of up to 17% (p-value 0.001) and 57% (p-value 0.018) in organ-at-risk sparing and target dose uniformity, respectively, were achieved. Compared to the fixed number of apertures used in single-arc and double-arc VMAT, the BCAT used 109 and 175 apertures on average, respectively. The difference in total MUs for VMAT and BCAT plans was less than 4%. Plan quality improvement was confirmed after delivery with γ analysis resulting in over 99% agreement, or 4 in 1099 points that failed.
[The excitatory effect of NMDA-receptor antagonists: a comparison of preparations and different forms of movements]. (1996)

Fourteen indices of spontaneous movement activity of mail NIH-Swiss mice were measured. All examined non-concurrent antagonists of NMDA receptors were found to stimulate locomotion and inhibit (or not change) the vertical activity component. Karbamazepin and diphenylgidantoin closed to them by structure and effect stimulated locomotion and rearings. Concurrent CPP antagonist and endogenous antagonist of receptor glycine sub-unit, kinurenic acid slightly inhibited locomotion. Phencyclidin and disocilpin induced stereotypy. Supposedly, increasing dopaminergic postsynaptic excitation forms the basis of stimulating effect.
"Bambini digitali", strumenti narrativi, scrittura dialogica (2001)

Edith Ackermann presenta alcune delle compensazioni fra oralita' e alfabetizzazione, dal punto di vista del bambino, e mostra il potenziale di diversi giochi linguistici e di ambienti basati sulla narrativa per valorizzare la predisposizione dei bambini alla narrazionee all'annotazione.
Production and detection of atomic hexadecapole at Earth’s magnetic field (2007)

We report a novel method that allows selective creation and detection of a macroscopic long lived hexadecapole polarization in the F = 2 ground state of 87Rb atoms at Earth's magnetic field (510 mG).
DNA Fingerprinting in Plants and Fungi (1995)

Genetic Variation at the DNA Level. A Short Survey of Molecular Markers. Minisatellites and Simple Sequences: The Molecular Basis of Classical DNA Fingerprinting. Detection of DNA Polymorphisms by PCR-Based Fingerprinting. Laboratory Equipment. Methodology. Safety Precautions. DNA Isolation and Purification. DNA Fingerprinting Based on Hybridization. PCR-Based DNA Fingerprinting. Evaluation of Fragment Patterns. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting in Plants and Fungi. Development of Methods and Initial Investigations. Wild Plant Species. Cultivated Plant Species. Inheritance of DNA Fingerprints, Linkage Analysis and Genome Mapping in Plants. Fungi: Human Pathogens, Plant Pathogens, Insect Pathogens, Non-Pathogenic Fungi, and Commercially Important Fungi. Conclusions. Comparison of Methods for Detecting Genetic Variation. Morphological Characters and Allozymes vs. DNA Markers. Different Kinds of Molecular Markers. Future Prospects. Improvement of Existing Met hods. Extending the Spectrum of DNA Typing Strategies. References. Appendices. Index.
Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels: a novel measure of ovarian reserve (2002)

Poor response in IVF, indicative of a diminished ovarian reserve, is associated with reduced baseline serum AMH concentrations. In line with recent observations it appears that AMH can be used as a marker for ovarian ageing.
Differential effect of impaired renal function on the kinetics of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin (1986)

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are prescribed as a fixed drug combination. The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of various degrees of renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], less than 5 to greater than 75 ml/min per 1.73 m2) on the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid following oral (500 and 125 mg of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, respectively) and intravenous (1,000 and 200 mg, respectively) dosing. The volume of distribution and the systemic availability were independent of the renal function, while the total body clearance and the renal and the nonrenal clearance of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid decreased with decreasing renal function. The decrease in the total body clearance was more pronounced for amoxicillin than for clavulanic acid. This explains the increase in the ratio of the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve of amoxicillin to that of clavulanic acid with decreasing glomerular filtration rate after oral dosing; for example for a GFR of 75 ml/min, the ratio of amoxicillin to clavulanic acid was 4.9 +/- 1.2; for a GFR of 35 to 75 ml/min, 5.3 +/- 2.4; for a GFR of 10 to 35 ml/min, 11.9 +/- 5.8; for a GFR of 5 to 10 ml/min, 13.4 +/- 9.1; and for patients on hemodialysis, 14.7 +/- 5.3. Dosage recommendations are suggested which prevent undue accumulations of amoxicillin while maintaining adequate concentrations of clavulanic acid.
Comparison of bipedal humanoid walking with human being using inertial measurement units and force-torque sensors (2013)

WABIAN-2R is a bipedal humanoid robot which is capable of stretched knee walking with heel-contact and toe-off motions due to the presence of a 2-DoF waist and a passive joint for bending toe motion, and can thus mimic human-like walking. This paper aims to determine the similarity between the walking gait of WABIAN-2R to the natural walking gait of a human of comparable size and stature, on the factors (i) pelvic tilt, (ii) pelvic rotation, (iii) swing and stance percentage, and (iv) double limb support and single limb support percentage using inertial measurement units and force-torque sensors.
METHOD TO QUANTIFY LEAF BEETLE CONSUMPTION OF LEAF DISKS USING IMAGE ANALYSIS (1995)

Abstract This study describes an image analysis method that reliably quantifies feeding damage by leaf beetle larvae ( Altica spp.) to Canada thistle leaf disks. Quantification is objective, uncomplicated, precise, rapid, and usable with any image analyzer. Image analysis of dried, pressed leaf disks is not recommended, as the amount of shrinkage of the eaten area upon drying varies with the amount eaten. Analysis of fresh material is advised. Image analysis of fresh leaf disks will be a useful method of comparing rates of consumption of two Altica species, one of which is being considered as a new candidate for the biocontrol of Canada thistle, and also other insects with similar feeding habits.