gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutrient transport by ruminal bacteria: a review (1994)

Fermentation pathways have been elucidated for predominant ruminal bacteria, but information is limited concerning the specific transport mechanisms used by these microorganisms for C, energy, and N sources. In addition, it is possible that changes in ruminal environmental conditions could affect transport activity. Five carrier-mediated soluble nutrient transport mechanisms have been identified in bacteria: 1) facilitated diffusion, 2) shock sensitive systems, 3) proton symport, 4) Na+ symport, and the 5) phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PEP-PTS). Several regulatory mechanisms are also involved at the cell membrane to coordinate utilization of different sugars. Recent research has shown that predominant ruminal bacteria are capable of transporting soluble nutrients by several of the mechanisms outlined above. Megasphaera elsdenii, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Streptococcus bovis transport glucose by the PEP-PTS, and S. ruminantium and S. bovis also possess PEP-PTS activity for disaccharides. Glucose PTS activity in S. bovis was highest at a growth pH of 5.0, low glucose concentrations, and a dilution rate of .10 h-1. The cellulolytic ruminal bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes uses a Na+ symport mechanism for glucose transport that is sensitive to low extracellular pH and ionophores. Sodium also stimulated cellobiose transport by F. succinogenes, and there is evidence for a proton symport in the transport of both arabinose and xylose by S. ruminantium. A chemical gradient of Na+ seems to play an important role in AA transport in several ruminal bacteria. Studying nutrient transport mechanisms in ruminal bacteria will lead to a better understanding of the ruminal fermentation.
Hypoglycemia Detection and Prediction Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring—A Study on Hypoglycemic Clamp Data (2007)

Sensitivity and specificity data as a function of prediction horizon and alarm threshold enable an individual to adjust the alarm to best meet their needs. Such decisions can be made depending on the subject's risk for hypoglycemia, for example.
Reverse gyrase: a helicase-like domain and a type I topoisomerase in the same polypeptide. (1993)

Reverse gyrase is a type I DNA topoisomerase able to positively supercoil DNA and is found in thermophilic archaebacteria and eubacteria. The gene coding for this protein was cloned from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639. Analysis of the 1247-amino acid sequence and comparison of it with available sequence data suggest that reverse gyrase is constituted of two distinct domains: (i) a C-terminal domain of approximately 630 amino acids clearly related to eubacterial topoisomerase I (Escherichia coli topA and topB gene products) and to Saccharomyces cerevisiae top3; (ii) an N-terminal domain without any similarity to other known topoisomerases but containing several helicase motifs, including an ATP-binding site. These results are consistent with those from our previous mechanistic studies of reverse gyrase and suggest a model in which positive supercoiling is driven by the concerted action of helicase and topoisomerase in the same polypeptide: this constitutes an example of a composite gene formed by a helicase domain and a topoisomerase domain.
Performance of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During Controlled Hypoglycaemia in Healthy Volunteers (2002)

It has been suggested that the continuous glucose monitoring system may be a useful tool for detecting unrecognised hypoglycaemia, especially at times when finger prick testing is difficult or impossible (e.g., at night). Studies suggest that subcutaneous glucose levels closely mimic blood glucose levels with a lag time of only a few minutes. However, no studies have been published to show how well the sensor performs during sustained or in recovery from hypoglycaemia. This study involved using a hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp (60 mU/m2) in nine healthy volunteers. Each subject had two sensors inserted the day before the study. Blood glucose levels were maintained at euglycaemia for the first 60 min, then decreased to 45 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L) for 60 min, and finally restored to euglycaemia. Blood glucose measurements were compared with interstitial values recorded by the sensor. Sensor profiles showed acceptable agreement with blood glucose levels at each of the three plateaus with a correlation coefficient of 0.79, slope of 0.85, and mean absolute error of 7%. The sensor drop closely matched the drop in blood glucose, but the recovery from hypoglycaemia was delayed by an average of 26 min. Continuous glucose sensing provides a useful means of detecting unrecognised hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes, although the duration of hypoglycaemia may be overestimated.
Workshop report: Internet research steering group workshop on very-high-speed networks (1990)

This memo is a report on a workshop sponsored by the Internet Research
Steering Group. This memo is for information only. This RFC does not
specify an Internet standard.
Gas Diffusion in Closed-Cell Foams (2000)

The objective of this paper is to present an engineering model, based on fundamentally sound but simplified treatment of mass diffusion phenomena, for practical predictions of the effective diffusion coefficient of gases through closed-cell foams. All assumptions and simplifications that define the range of applicability of the proposed model are clearly stated. The model developed is based on the electrical circuit analogy and on the first principles. The analysis suggests that the effective diffusion coefficient through the foam can be expressed as a product of the geometric factor and the gas diffusion coefficient through the foam membrane. Comparison of model predictions with experimental data available in the literature shows satisfactory agreement. Discrepancies between predictions and data have been noted for gases with high solubility in the condensed phase for which Henry's law does not apply. Additional experimental data for both the foam morphology and the diffusion coefficient in the membrane are needed to fully validate the model.
Whole-Heart Modeling (2011)

Recent developments in cardiac simulation have rendered the heart the most highly integrated example of a virtual organ. We are on the brink of a revolution in cardiac research, one in which computational modeling of proteins, cells, tissues, and the organ permit linking genomic and proteomic information to the integrated organ behavior, in the quest for a quantitative understanding of the functioning of the heart in health and disease. The goal of this review is to assess the existing state-of-the-art in whole-heart modeling and the plethora of its applications in cardiac research. General whole-heart modeling approaches are presented, and the applications of whole-heart models in cardiac electrophysiology and electromechanics research are reviewed. The article showcases the contributions that whole-heart modeling and simulation have made to our understanding of the functioning of the heart. A summary of the future developments envisioned for the field of cardiac simulation and modeling is also presented. Biophysically based computational modeling of the heart, applied to human heart physiology and the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease, has the potential to dramatically change 21st century cardiac research and the field of cardiology.
Conjugated α-Keto Acids as Mechanism-Based Inactivators of Brewer's Yeast Pyruvate Decarboxylase Electronic effects of Substituents and Detection of a Long-Lived Intermediate (1986)

A series of phenyl substituted E-4-phenyl-2-keto-3-butenoic acid derivatives were synthesized (p-Cl, m-Cl, p-NO2, m-NO2, o-NO2, 3,4-Cl2, 2,6-Cl2, p-CH3O, p-(CH3)2N) and tested as potential irreversible inhibitors of brewer's yeast pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1). All those derivatives with electron withdrawing substituents were found to be time-dependent inactivators of the enzyme, unlike the p-CH3O- and p-(CH3)2N derivatives. Detailed kinetic studies with the m-nitro derivative (the most potent inhibitor) indicated that this compound formed reversible complexes with the enzyme at two sites (supposed regulatory and catalytic with Ki values of 0.026 and 0.13 mM, respectively) prior to irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. In addition, concurrently with the inactivation, addition of the m-NO2 derivative to the enzyme produced a new VIS absorbance with lambda max near 430 nm. This absorbance was attributed to the enzyme-bound enamine intermediate. The time course of formation and disappearance of the intermediate could be determined and provided detailed information about the mechanism of the enzyme.
A 5Gb/s speculative DFE for 2x blind ADC-based receivers in 65-nm CMOS (2010)

This paper presents the design of a DFE for a 2x blind ADC-based RX. The DFE is implemented in 65-nm CMOS along with a 2x blind CDR and ADC. Our measured results confirm 5Gb/s data recovery with BER less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> with a channel introducing 13.3dB of attenuation at the Nyquist frequency of 2.5GHz. Without the DFE, the BER exceeds 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> .
CHILDREN S CHOICES: A COMPARISON OF BOOK PREFERENCES BETWEEN HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC FIRST-GRADERS (2003)

This report describes a study of book preferences among 190 first graders. Students were exposed to nine different, high-quality, picture books of various genres (including multicultural texts) and asked to select one to own. A mixed subgroup of students had the texts read to them during read aloud sessions, but the majority made selections based on surface-level text structures. Results indicate that Hispanic and non-Hispanic students were more alike than different in their preferences. An overwhelming majority selected informational, rather than narrative books. This finding counters notions that young readers prefer stories and desire books that mirror them in culturally pertinent ways.
Glucose Biosensor Using Glucose Oxidase and Electrospun Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>‐Ag Nanofibers (2011)

Abstract The highly porous Mn 2 O 3 ‐Ag nanofibers were fabricated by a facile two‐step procedure (electrospinning and calcination). The structure and composition of the Mn 2 O 3 ‐Ag nanofibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX and SAED. The as‐prepared Mn 2 O 3 ‐Ag nanofibers were then employed as the immobilization matrix for glucose oxidase (GOD) to construct an amperometric glucose biosensor. The biosensor shows fast response to glucose, high sensitivity (40.60 µA mM −1 cm −2 ), low detection limit (1.73 µM at S / N =3), low K m,app value and excellent selectivity. These results indicate that the novel Mn 2 O 3 ‐Ag nanfibers‐GOD composite has great potential application in oxygen‐reduction based glucose biosensing.
Passive microring resonator coupled lasers (2003)

In conclusion, passive microring resonator coupled laser exhibits superior performances over conventional DFB and DBR lasers. By using two slightly different ring resonators, wavelength tunability is greatly enhanced. Thus, e.g. electro-optic effect can be used for high speed wavelength tuning.
The SMART information retrieval project (1993)

The primary goal of the SMART information retrieval project at Cornell University remains, as it has for the past 30 years, investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of automatic methods of retrieval of text. In recent years this has expanded to include retrieval of parts of documents in response to both user queries (passage retrieval) and parts of other documents (automatic hypertext links). The emphasis of SMART has always been on purely automatic text retrieval --- starting from an arbitrary piece of natural language text from the user and matching against automatically indexed documents --- and this continues.
Nitrate assimilation in soils (1931)

Preliminary work with solution cultures inoculated with soil showed that 20.83 mgm. of nitrate nitrogen disappeared in eight days, while the total nitrogen increased. The results obtained with soil cultures were very similar to those obtained with the solution cultures. Treating the soil with straw in the greenhouse brought about a complete utilization of the nitrates, while there was a small accumulation of nitrate in the soil treated with farm manure.\nThe nitrate-assimilating power of the soil was influenced by a number of factors, and, altho much information was secured by the methods employed, more work on the various factors affecting nitrate assimilation in soils is desirable. It was found that dextrose increased the nitrate-assimilating power of the soil. This material furnished a source of energy for those organisms which utilized both nitrate and ammonia, thus preventing an accumulation of nitrate. Since the nitrate content of the soil at any given time is the resultant of many different forces, some treatment which would eliminate all but nitrate assimilation would facilitate the accurate measurement of this process. The addition of a readily available energy source, especially one poor in nitrogen, tends to bring about this condition.\nStraw, partially decomposed straw and farm manure brought about an assimilation of nitrate immediately upon being added to the soil. The straw brought about a larger assimilation of nitrate than the straw manure or the farm manure. Manure, lime and rock phosphate applied over a period of years on Marshall silt loam and Grundy silt loam tended, in general, to lower: the nitrate-assimilating power of the soil. The nitrate-assimilating power of Carrington loam treated in the field with different manures varied thruout the season, showing only slight differences between the different treatments. Very similar results were secured with manure, lime and crop residues on both continuous corn and corn in the three-year rotation.\nFive cultures of nitrate-assimilating and nine cultures of denitrifying bacteria were isolated and studied in pure culture. No names have been suggested for these organisms and their systematic relationships have not been determined. A number of nitrate-assimilating and denitrifying tests were carried out with some of the organisms in pure culture.\nNitrate assimilation is common to a large number of soil microorganisms. It has been suggested, however, that the molds are largely responsible for nitrate assimilation when the energy supply of the soil is increased. The results obtained in these experiments indicate that certain molds may be less efficient nitrate assimilators than some bacteria.
Recognizing talking faces from acoustic Doppler reflections (2008)

Face recognition algorithms typically deal with the classification of static images of faces that are obtained using a camera. In this paper we propose a new sensing mechanism based on the Doppler effect to capture the patterns of motion of talking faces. We incident an ultrasonic tone on subjects' faces and capture the reflected signal. When the subject talks, different parts of their face move with different velocities in a characteristic manner. Each of these velocities imparts a different Doppler shift to the reflected ultrasonic signal. Thus, the set of frequencies in the reflected ultrasonic signal is characteristic of the subject. We show that even using a simple feature computation scheme to characterize the spectrum of the reflected signal, and a simple GMM based Bayesian classifier, we are able to recognize talkers with an accuracy of over 90%. Interestingly, we are also able to identify the gender of the talker with an accuracy of over 90%.
In-service monitoring of multipath delay-spread and C/I for QPSK signal (2003)

A simple method of multipath delay-spread monitoring in a digital mobile radio channel using pi /4-shift QPSK or conventional QPSK as the modulation scheme is described. By simply measuring a difference of absolute values of I-channel and Q-channel detector outputs, multipath delay spread is shown to be estimated. The method is, then, shown to be applicable to the monitoring of carrier to cochannel interference ratio, an important parameter for a cellular system. Although it is difficult to monitor them accurately when both multipath delay spread and cochannel interference exist, it is shown that the measured output is a good measure of bit-error-rate performance, and thus might be useful as a criterion for decision making in intracell handoff, for instance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Light propagation in an array of rectilinear and curvilinear coupled channel waveguides (2003)

Light transmission through an array of tunnel-coupled channel waveguides is studied in detail. It is shown that a discrete structure of the light-transmitting medium leads to a modification of the law of light refraction. It is also shown that a new type of total internal reflection of light inside the structure manifests itself in an inhomogeneous array of coupled waveguides. The process of light propagation in an array of identical channel waveguides, which are arranged equidistantly along concentric circles, is investigated. It is established that such a waveguide array is equivalent to an inhomogeneous system of coupled waveguides. The mode excitation process in an array of ring channel waveguides located on cylindrical and conical surfaces is considered.
Endpoint detection of isolated utterances based on a modified Teager energy measurement (1993)

The authors have developed an energy measure based on Teager's energy algorithm, and have applied it to the problem of endpoint detection. This energy measure is important in that it appears to be more suitable for describing the source energy associated with the production of speech sounds than the acoustic energy typically measured, and explores a new way of viewing and using Teager's energy algorithm. Experiments were conducted on 400 utterances on which endpoint detection was expected to be difficult. Typical examples that show that this new measure is more effective than traditional measures in capturing speech events such as initial and final fricatives and plosives are presented. Whereas traditional endpoint detectors have used both (acoustic) energy and zero crossing rate, the new measure effectively combines this information into a single measure. The experimental results demonstrate that the measure can be used to improve the performance of endpoint detection algorithms and should be effective for the detection of speech in noisy environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Additives on the Stacking Fault Annihilation in β-SiC Powder Compacts (1991)

Effects of the addition of B, Al, Fe, and C on the annihilation of stacking faults (S. F.) in β-SiC powder compacts were investigated. The separability of the X-ray diffraction lines, Kα1 and Kα2, was applied to the qualitative evaluation of the lattice strain to elucidate the annihilation phenomena. Dissolution of B or Al (rapid heating condition) into SiC grains enhanced the lattice strain suppressing both grain growth and S. F. annihilation. The second phases formed in Al (slow heating condition) and Fe addition to β-SiC promoted both grain growth and S. F. annihilation, while the residual free carbon in C- added β-SiC impeded the grain boundary movement and hence suppressed grain growth and S. F. annihilation.
Study of Cogging Torque in Line-Start PMSM with Proper Fractional Slot Winding (2010)

To meet the need of main drive motor and the low speed high torque requirement of load, a synchronous motor and gear reducer were used .However, they have many serious drawbacks, such as high cost, low transmission efficiency ects. In this paper, a novel structure of motor which the number of slots per pole per phase q is less than 1 was proposed. It can solve the problems in direct drive system and analyze the cogging torque in multipole line-start PMSM(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor). Simulation and prototype test results show that this novel structure is reasonable. Its potential to improve the emf waveform, increase winding utilization and protect environment is of great significance.
In Nature, Animals That Stop and Start Win the Race (2000)

For decades researchers have emphasized steady-state locomotion, bringing organisms into the laboratory and watching them move at a steady pace. But recent results are showing that animals from aquatic invertebrates to humans move like window shoppers, stopping and starting as they seek out food, mates, or shelter. Probing the fitful nature of locomotion is helping researchers understand how various organisms9 bodies and biochemistry are adapted for movement, and it may even have applications in human medicine.
Computer use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults – a prospective cohort study (2012)

Time spent on general computer use was prospectively associated with sleep disturbances and reduced performance for the men. For the women, using the computer without breaks was a risk factor for several mental health outcomes. Some associations were enhanced in interaction with mobile phone use. Using the computer at night and consequently losing sleep was associated with most mental health outcomes for both men and women. Further studies should focus on mechanisms relating information and communication technology (ICT) use to sleep disturbances.
Antidiuretic hormone moves membranes (1988)

This review focuses on events at the apical plasma membrane of toad urinary bladder and mammalian collecting duct as their permeability to water changes in response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and to its withdrawal. The major marker of the permeability change is observed in freeze-fracture electron microscopy of the apical plasma membrane and consists of a dramatic increase in membrane particle aggregates and, in toad bladder but not in collecting duct, in fused vesicles (aggrephores) that contain particle aggregates in their limiting membranes. Withdrawal of ADH is accompanied by endocytosis at the apical membrane, reflecting retrieval of water-permeable, particle aggregate-containing membrane. Covalent labeling of the external surface of the apical membrane of toad bladder identifies specific proteins that are present in the apical membrane only during the response to ADH. Proteins of the same molecular weights are also present in the retrieved membrane when ADH is withdrawn. Several controversial areas are considered, including the extent of cell swelling as water flows across the epithelium from dilute apical solution to isotonic basal solution, whether only principal cells or principal cells and intercalated cells participate in the water permeability response of the collecting duct, the role of the cytoskeleton in the water permeability response, and the proposed second water permeability barrier that is affected by ADH, but not by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.