gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Rate of Esterification of Primary and Secondary Hydroxyls of Cellulose with p-Toluenesulfonyl (Tosyl) Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rate of Esterification of Primary and Secondary Hydroxyls of Cellulose with p-Toluenesulfonyl (Tosyl) Chloride1Emil Heuser, Merle Heath, and Wm. H. ShockleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 2, 670–674Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01158a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01158a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DITools: application-level support for dynamic extension and flexible composition (2000)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
Surface‐Assisted Assembly of 2D Metal–Organic Networks That Exhibit Unusual Threefold Coordination Symmetry (2006)

Independent symmetries characterize the evolving network and the metal surface on which the network forms in the surface-assisted assembly of ligands and metal centers to 2D honeycomb networks comprising threefold coordination motifs (see picture, Co purple, N green). This type of coordination, which is rarely encountered in 3D metal–organic frameworks, is promoted by the strict confinement of a 2D environment.
Relaxation Increases Monetary Valuations (2011)

This research documents an intriguing empirical phenomenon whereby states of relaxation increase the monetary valuation of products. The authors demonstrate this phenomenon in six experiments involving two methods of inducing relaxation, a large number of products of different types, and various methods of assessing monetary valuation. In all six experiments, participants who were put into a relaxed affective state reported higher monetary valuations than participants who were put into an equally pleasant but less relaxed state. This effect seems to be caused by differences in relaxed and nonrelaxed people's mental construals of the value of the products. Specifically, compared with less relaxed people, relaxed people seem to represent the value of products at a higher level of abstraction, which increases their perceptions of these products' value. The phenomenon appears to reflect an inflation of value by relaxed people rather than a deflation of value by less relaxed people.
Primitive interval labelled net model and timing modelling of logic circuits (1991)

A reduced version of the interval labeled net model called the primitive interval labeled net model is introduced. By incorporating a projection operator which is based on applying the if-then clause representation of Boolean functions to multivalued logic circuits, the primitive interval labeled net model is powerful enough to model multivalued logic circuits with timing information and all properties of the interval labeled net. This facilitates a better implementation of the verification and simulation than that using the former net model. The number of token types is reduced from four to two. This model involves simpler types of net adjacency relations. The power of the approach is demonstrated by a logic circuit implemented using logic gates with different rise and fall times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TSPO interacts with VDAC1 and triggers a ROS-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial quality control (2014)

The 18-kDa TSPO (translocator protein) localizes on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and participates in cholesterol transport. Here, we report that TSPO inhibits mitochondrial autophagy downstream of the PINK1-PARK2 pathway, preventing essential ubiquitination of proteins. TSPO abolishes mitochondrial relocation of SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), and consequently that of the autophagic marker LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3), thus leading to an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, altering the appearance of the network. Independent of cholesterol regulation, the modulation of mitophagy by TSPO is instead dependent on VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1), to which TSPO binds, reducing mitochondrial coupling and promoting an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that counteracts PARK2-mediated ubiquitination of proteins. These data identify TSPO as a novel element in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control by autophagy, and demonstrate the importance for cell homeostasis of its expression ratio with VDAC1.
Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate using a combination of rhodamine 6G and benzoyl peroxide as photoinitiator in nonaqueous media (1986)

Abstract Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in visible light was studied at 40°C using Rhodamine 6G—Benzoyl peroxide combination as photoinitiator. The photopolymerization proceeds by a free radical mechanism and the radical generation process occurs by an initial complexation reaction between the initiator components. Kinetic data indicated a lower‐order dependence of R p on initiator concentrations (initiator exponent < 0.5). Initiator‐dependent chain termination was significant along with the bimolecular mode of chain termination.
FDA Approval Summary: Ivosidenib for Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia with an Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-1 Mutation (2019)

The FDA approved ivosidenib (Tibsovo; Agios), a small-molecule inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 on July 20, 2018, for treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) with susceptible IDH1 mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. The efficacy of ivosidenib was established on the basis of complete remission (CR) + CR with partial hematologic recovery (CRh) rate, duration of CR + CRh, and conversion from transfusion dependence (TD) to transfusion independence (TI) in Study AG120-C-001, a single-arm trial. With median follow-up of 8.3 months for 174 adults with IDH1-mutated R/R AML treated with 500 mg ivosidenib daily, the CR + CRh rate was 33% [95% confidence interval (CI), 26-40], median duration of response was 8.2 (95% CI, 5.6-12) months, and conversion from TD to TI occurred in 37% of patients. These endpoints reflect short-term benefit in patients with an unmet medical need; long-term efficacy outcomes were not assessed. Serious adverse reactions (AR) in ≥5% of patients were differentiation syndrome (10%), leukocytosis (10%), and QT interval prolongation (7%). Common (≥20%) ARs of any grade were fatigue, leukocytosis, arthralgia, diarrhea, dyspnea, edema, nausea, mucositis, QT interval prolongation, rash, pyrexia, cough, and constipation. Assessment of long-term safety of ivosidenib is a condition of this approval.
Enzyme determination and RAST inhibition assays for orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata): a comparison of commericial pollen extracts. (1978)

Hierarchical scheduling frameworks (HSFs) provide means for composing complex real-time systems from well-defined, independently analyzed subsystems. To support resource sharing within two-level HSFs, three synchronization protocols based on the stack resource policy (SRP) have recently been presented, i.e. HSRP [1], SIRAP [2] and BROE [3]. This paper describes the first implementation presenting these three SRP-based synchronization protocols side-by-side in a HSF-enabled real-time operating system. We base our implementations on the commercially available real-time operating system µC/OS-II, extended with proprietary support for periodic tasks, idling periodic servers and two-level preemptive scheduling. Moreover, we investigate the system overhead of the synchronization primitives of each protocol. Transparent interfaces allow a protocol to be selected during integration time based on its relative strengths1.
Improved Fourier and Hartley transform algorithms: Application to cyclic convolution of real data (1987)

This paper highlights the possible tradeoffs between arithmetic and structural complexity when computing cyclic convolution of real data in the transform domain. Both Fourier and Hartley-based schemes are first explained in their usual form and then improved, either from the structural point of view or in the number of operations involved. Namely, we first present an algorithm for the in-place computation of the discrete Fourier transform on real data: a decimation-in-time split-radix algorithm, more compact than the previously published one. Second, we present a new fast Hartley transform algorithm with a reduced number of operations. A more regular convolution scheme based on FFT's is also proposed. Finally, we show that Hartley transforms belong to a larger class of algorithms characterized by their "generalized" convolution property.
Determination of size distributions in nanosized powders by TEM, XRD, and SAXS (2006)

Crystallite size distributions and particle size distributions were determined by transmissions electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for three commercially available TiO2 powders (P25, UV100, and TiO2_5 nm) and one SSEC produced powder (SSEC78). The theoretical Guinier model was fitted to the experimental obtained XRD data and compared to analytical expressions. Modeling of the XRD spectra showed a difference between the analytical size dependent expressions and the theoretical Guinier model. Primary particle size distributions were extracted from SAXS measurements by the hard sphere model including an interparticle interference factor. The sizes obtained from SAXS were smaller than the sizes obtained from the XRD experiments; however, a good agreement was obtained between the two techniques. Electron microscopy confirmed the primary particle sizes and the shapes obtained by XRD and SAXS. The SSEC78 powder and the commercially available powders showed different morphologies, but SSEC78, UV100, and TiO2_5 nm all consisted of both primary particles as well as a secondary structure comprised of nanosized primary particles agglomeration into larger clusters. P25 showed the largest primary particle size, but did not show a secondary structure.
Critical Evaluation of the Composition and Use of Topical Fluorides, with Emphasis on the Role of Calcium Fluoride in Caries Inhibition (1990)

There is evidence that a major part of the fluoride which is retained on teeth during topical application is calcium fluoride or calcium fluoride-like, and that this material is relatively stable in the mouth. This is due to surface adsorption of phosphate (HPO4(2-)) ions onto the calcium fluoride surface. Calcium fluoride releases fluoride during caries challenges due to reduced concentration of HPO4(2-) at acid pH. Normally, the fluoride released from calcium fluoride during caries challenges is subsequently built into hydroxyfluorapatite through dissolution/re-precipitation reactions. It appears likely that the formation of calcium fluoride from topical application agents should be increased and not reduced, as believed in the past. Increased deposition of calcium fluoride can be achieved with increased reaction time between fluoride and enamel, reduced pH of the solution, increased concentration, or pre-treatment with calcium. A reduction in pH of the agents is probably the most practical approach to increase the deposition of calcium fluoride during topical application, and clinical data support this contention. Calcium fluorides with various dissolution rates are formed during different procedures of topical application with fluoride, presumably due to incorporation of phosphate into the calcium fluoride crystals.
Desarrollo de competencias profesionales en la formación inicial docente a través del Practicum (2013)

espanolEn el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior, el Practicum figura como un elemento trascendental para la formacion inicial docente. Su caracter de nexo entre el mundo universitario y el mundo profesional, asi como su sentido formativo y promotor de una serie de competencias profesionales indispensables para la futura realidad laboral de los docentes, lo convierten en un espacio ideal para acercar a los estudiantes al conjunto de retos y responsabilidades de su profesion. En este articulo se pretende dar a conocer, por medio de la revision de la literatura, el vinculo existente entre el Practicum y el desarrollo de competencias profesionales durante la formacion inicial EnglishUnder the framework of the European Higher Education Area, the Practicum is listed as an important element of the initial teacher training. Its role of link between university and professional life and also its educational and promoter sense of those skills that are essential for future teachers’ work duties, make it an ideal context to bring students closer to all challenges and responsibilities of their profession. This article claims to show, through the review of literature, the link between the practicum and the development of professional skills
Expression of the cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) protects Hodgkin's lymphoma cells from autonomous Fas-mediated death (2004)

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is characterized by the presence of malignant so-called Hodgkin's/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, which display resistance to certain apoptotic stimuli, including a lack of sensitivity to Fas-mediated cell death. However, the mechanisms responsible for their resistance to apoptosis inducers have not been elucidated. Here we confirm that both HL-derived cell lines and the HRS cells of primary HL tissues express Fas ligand (FasL) along with the inhibitory c-FLIP protein. Down-regulation of cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) through the use of specific small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) leads to reduced viability of the L428 and L591 HL-derived cell lines. To determine whether endogenous FasL was responsible for the reduction in cell viability observed after down-regulation of c-FLIP, L428 and L591 cells were treated with c-FLIP-specific siRNAs with and without siRNAs directed to FasL. Treatment of these cells with both c-FLIP- and FasL-specific siRNAs in combination restored cell viability to near control levels. Our results provide a mechanism whereby HRS cells are protected from autonomous FasL-mediated cell death while preserving their ability to evade immunosurveillance. Targeting c-FLIP could provide a novel approach to the treatment of HL.
Novel High-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (2016)

Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are often underpinned by recurrent chromosomal translocations resulting in the fusion of genes involved in epigenetic regulation. To date, only YWHAE-NUTM2 rearrangements are associated with distinctive high-grade morphology and aggressive clinical behavior. We identified 3 ESS morphologically mimicking myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus and sought to describe their unique histopathologic features and identify genetic alterations using next-generation sequencing. All cases displayed predominantly spindled cells associated with abundant myxoid stroma and brisk mitotic activity. Tumors involved the endometrium and demonstrated tongue-like myometrial infiltration. All 3 were associated with an aggressive clinical course, including multisite bony metastases in 1 patient, progressive peritoneal disease after chemotherapy in another, and metastases to the lung and skin in the last patient. All 3 ESS were found to harbor ZC3H7B-BCOR gene fusions by targeted sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. On the basis of the review of these cases, we find that ESS with ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion constitutes a novel type of high-grade ESS and shares significant morphologic overlap with myxoid leiomyosarcoma.
Optimizing Prostate Cancer Suicide Gene Therapy Using Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Active Site Variants (2002)

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase gene (tk) forms the basis of a widely used strategy for suicide gene therapy. A library of HSV thymidine kinase enzyme (TK) active site mutants having different affinities for guanosine analog prodrugs was developed. We sought to determine the optimal combination of tk variant and prodrug specifically for prostate cancer gene therapy, using in vitro and in vivo studies of adenovirally infected CL1, DU-145, and LNCaP tumor lines carrying wild-type tk, tk30, tk75, and sr39tk mutants expressed by a strong, constitutive cytomegalovirus promoter and treated with ganciclovir and acyclovir. In vitro experiments involving prostate cancer (CaP) cell line infection were carried out with a broad range of prodrug concentrations, and cell killing was determined by limiting dilution (colony-forming), MTT, and propidium iodide assays. In vivo studies based on CL1-GFP xenograft experiments were carried out to examine the ability of each TK variant to prevent tumor formation and to inhibit tumor growth and development of metastases in established orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors in SCID mice. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest improved killing with the sr39tk variant. Thus, the results suggest that the use of sr39tk in future trials of prostate cancer tk suicide gene therapy may be beneficial.
A SCID patient reconstituted with HLA-incompatible fetal stem cells as a model for studying transplantation tolerance. (1991)

We studied a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patient who received transplantations with completely HLA-mismatched fetal liver and thymus from two different donors. The patient is now 14 years old, healthy and shows normal immunoresponses to recall antigens. His T cells are of donor origin, whereas the monocytes, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells are of the recipient. The successful immunological reconstitution raised questions as to how T and B cells could collaborate across an HLA barrier and how tolerance was achieved. We have shown that tetanus toxin-specific T cell clones isolated from this patient recognized this antigen in the context of host and not of donor HLA-DR, indicating that those cells were educated in the host environment, presumably the thymus. Despite this, an unexpectedly high frequency of host-reactive clones was found that could recognize MHC antigens of the host. It was particularly striking that CD8+ CTL clones were obtained that recognized class I MHC antigens on the host cells. Nevertheless, the patient did not show any sign of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). These data indicated that no or only incomplete clonal deletion had taken place in this patient and suggest the presence of a peripheral suppressor mechanism. Thus far, we have no indication for the existence of suppressor T cells. Inasmuch as it was found that host-reactive T cells fail to produce IL-4, which is exceptional for CD4+ T cells, we are exploring the possibility that abnormal cytokine production patterns of host-reactive T cells are associated with suppression of these cells in vivo.
A survey on TCP/IP API stacks based on DPDK (2017)

This paper discovers TCP/IP API stack based on Data Plane Development Kit(DPDK). DPDK provides the core libraries and drivers for enhancing packet processing rate and packets are processed completely in the user-space. Since, number of internet users are increasing day by day, the network data traffic is becoming a overhead. So, packet processing at the network nodes involve lots of system calls and due to this, more CPU cycles are required for processing of each layer. To address this problem, Intel has come up with DPDK which has lower layer packet processing functionalities which surpasses the kernel. It provides basic tasks like, allocating managing memory for network packets, buffering packet descriptors in ring-like structures and passing the packets from the NIC to the application (and vice versa). But in order to use the DPDK libraries for a network application, there is a need of high level TCP/IP API stack; for which many open source contributors are working. Some of those are multicast TCP/IP stack (mTCP) and Accelerated Network Stack (ANS-DPDK).
Designing Organic/Inorganic Colloids by Heterophase Polymerization (2007)

Abstract Polymer/silica and polymer/Laponite nanocomposite colloids with various morphologies have been elaborated through emulsion polymerization using a polymerizable organosilane (route I) and a methyl methacrylate‐terminated macromonomer (route II) as coupling agents. Depending on the synthetic strategy and on the nature of the mineral particles, either core‐shell, raspberry‐like, multipod‐like, currant bun or inverted core‐shell morphologies (the mineral forming the shell) were achieved. Beyond the control of particle shape, we have demonstrated that some of the polymerizations exhibited particular kinetics behaviors which could be correlated to the mechanism of formation of the composite particles. Interestingly, conversion versus time curves of a series of soap free polymerizations performed in the presence of the macromonomer showed a significant increase in the polymerization rate with increasing the inorganic particles concentration. Characterization of the composite latexes by transmission electron microscopy showed that the mineral was located at the surface of the latex spheres and participated therefore to their stabilization. The higher the amount of inorganic particles, the lower the particles size and the higher the polymerization rate.
Quantum Monte Carlo study of the three-dimensional spin-polarized homogeneous electron gas (2013)

We have studied the spin-polarized three-dimensional homogeneous electron gas using the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method, with trial wave functions including backflow and three-body correlations in the Jastrow factor, and we have used twist averaging to reduce finite-size effects. Calculations of the pair-correlation function, including the on-top pair density, as well as the structure factor and the total energy, are reported for systems of 118 electrons in the density range ${r}_{\mathrm{s}}=0.5$--20 a.u., and for spin polarizations of 0, 0.34, 0.66, and 1. We consider the spin resolution of the pair-correlation function and structure factor, and the energy of spin polarization. We show that a control variate method can reduce the variance when twist averaging, and we have achieved higher accuracy and lower noise than earlier quantum Monte Carlo studies.
Telomere Lengths, Pulmonary Fibrosis and Telomerase (TERT) Mutations (2010)

A subset of pulmonary fibrosis, like dyskeratosis congenita, bone marrow failure, and liver disease, represents a "telomeropathy" caused by germline mutations in telomerase and characterized by short telomere lengths. Family members within kindreds who do not inherit the TERT mutation have shorter telomere lengths than controls, demonstrating epigenetic inheritance of a shortened parental telomere length set-point.
Halogen-IR Lamp Development: A System Approach (1991)

(1991). Halogen-IR Lamp Development: A System Approach. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 10-16.