gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive Video Decoding Based on Ordinal Depth of Moving Regions (2010)

Predictive video decoding is a technique for reducing end-to-end delay and/or concealing frame loss in video communications. In this paper, we propose an improved predictive decoding technique that incorporates the estimation of the ordinal depth of moving regions, and uses it to compose the predicted frame. Ordinal depth information enables occlusion prediction in the future frame, allowing the predictor to synthesize a more realistic frame. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better subjective and objective quality of synthesized frames compared to a state-of-the-art block-based frame prediction approach.
Human papillomavirus 6 seropositivity is associated with risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, independent of tobacco and alcohol use (2008)

There may be interactions between positive serology and drinking and smoking, suggesting that the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus in HNSCC involves complex interactions with tobacco and alcohol exposure.
Preparation of multi-functional silicon surface structures for solar cell applications (2008)

Creation of superhydrophobic self-cleaning surfaces is an important objective for a variety of applications. Indeed, numerous routes to generate superhydrophobic surfaces have been proposed. In this paper, a facile way of forming superhydrophobic surfaces is reported that uses Au assisted HF/H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> etching of silicon wafers. The Au layer was deposited onto a silicon wafer via e-Beam evaporation. By controlling the evaporation and etching times, the surface roughness can be manipulated and superhydrophobic surfaces with different optical properties can be generated. The effect of etchant concentration on superhydrophobicity was investigated by altering surface structures. Contact angles were measured with a CCD camera equipped goniometer; these values determined the water repellency. Light reflection on the as prepared black surfaces was measured to assess the efficiency for low cost solar cell applications. This approach offers a new way both to theoretically study the surface roughness effect and to investigate engineering applications of self-cleaning surfaces in solar cells, MEMS, anti-bacteria coating, and microfluidic devices.
A necklace of pearl in high altitude medicine and hypoxic physiology in Yushu Earthquake (2013)

During Yushu Earthquake,a large number of rescuers flocked to the mountainous quake areas. Under such a very specific circumstance,a high incidence of acute altitude illness was observed in rescuers who rapidly traveled from near sea level to an altitude of 4 000 m. It is evident that acute altitude illness leads to a significant human and economic toll,and also seriously influences the mountain rescue operation. So what does this teach us about mountain rescue in Yushu? Professor Wu Tianyi and many other authors collected shining points of the experiences and drew the lessons from the Yushu Earthquake into this special issue in Engineering Sciences which is like to thread pearl beads for a necklace. What readers learn from this special issue will have implications for the health and well-being of all high altitude populations all over the world.
Effect of nano‐Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> on the mechanical and flame‐retarding properties of polypropylene composites (2004)

Abstract Nano‐Mg(OH) 2 was synthesized with an in situ deposition technique, and its size was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. A polypropylene–Mg(OH) 2 composite was prepared by melt‐extrusion processing. The addition of a small quantity of a nanofiller (up to 10 wt %) increased Young's modulus up to 433% with respect to the modulus of virgin polypropylene. The addition of up to 4 wt % Mg(OH) 2 produced the maximum increase, and a further decrease in the tensile strength was observed with an increase in the concentration of nano‐Mg(OH) 2 . Increases in the hardness and other properties were due to higher nucleation and the intercalation of polymer chains in the nanolayer galleries. The flame‐retarding property was demonstrated by the rate of burning. The time required to burn the nanofilled composite was greater than the time required for virgin polypropylene. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 116–122, 2004
Prologue: Making Shift (1996)

In the extremely high price year of 1801, Amy Hill wrote from Deptford in London to her settlement parish of Rainham in Essex: It grives me as food is Dear we canot get cloths to shift our selves In; my husband has not only one old pachd shirt to put on as well as the rest of the family and shall be humbly thankful for one a peice wich your goodness be pleased to grant I will Take Care with ...... my husband as well as the rest of us livs so hard I sometimes think he die as John Cook who doctor Smith says was starved he was at work with my husband a fortnight befor he died & has left a wif & three Children to the parish … when my childrn grow out of the way or food cheaper I am shur I believe I shall not trouble any Moor.1
Wideband Compact 4-Port Dual Polarized Self-Grounded Bowtie Antenna (2014)

We present a dual-polarized self-grounded bowtie antenna. The antenna is mechanically simple and wideband. One of the characteristics is its flexibility: it can be used either as a 4-port antenna in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems or as a directional 2-port dual-polarized antenna in radar or sensor systems. The latter application requires a balun. The 4-petal geometry of the antenna has been optimized for the best matching to 50 Ω coax over 1.5-3 GHz. Both simulated and measured results are presented to verify the design. The antenna radiates over parts of the bandwidth similar to four Huygens source, one from each petal, each having directivity close to 4.8 dBi.
Two-Step Plasma Treatment on Sputtered and Electroplated Cu Surfaces for Cu-To-Cu Bonding Application (2019)

The technology trends of next generation electronic packaging are moving toward heterogeneous 3D packaging systems. One of the key processes of 3D packaging system is Cu-to-Cu bonding, which is highly dependent on the planarized, activated, and oxygen-free Cu surface. A two-step plasma treatment is studied to form a Cu surface that does not react with oxygen and improves the Cu bonding interface quality at low bonding temperature (300 °C). In this study, the effects of two-step plasma treatment on both sputtered and electroplated Cu surfaces were evaluated through structural, chemical, and electrical analysis. The Cu bonding interface was studied by scanning acoustic tomography analysis after the thermocompression bonding process. Both sputtered and electroplated Cu thin films had the preferred orientation of (111) plane, but sputtered Cu exhibited larger grains than the electroplated Cu. As a result, the roughness of sputtered Cu was lower, and the resistivity was higher than that of electroplated Cu. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the sputtered Cu formed more copper nitrides and fewer copper oxides than the electroplated Cu. A significant improvement in bonding quality at the Cu bonded interface was observed in sputtered Cu.
A study of traffic capacity (1935)

Endectocides, or macrocyclic lactones, are veterinary parasiticides used globally to control nematodes and arthropods affecting livestock. Cattle treated with these products fecally excrete residues that are toxic to dung-inhabiting insects, including species that accelerate dung degradation. Concerns have been raised that use of endectocides may reduce insect diversity and cause the accumulation of undegraded dung on pastures. This article synthesizes the results of studies performed to assess the nontarget effects of endectocide use in Canada. Residues reduce insect activity in dung of treated cattle for weeks to months after application. The duration of effect is influenced by several factors, including insect species and product. For example, in terms of toxicity, doramectin > ivermectin approximately equal to eprinomectin >> moxidectin. Reduced insect activity may retard dung degradation. Within the framework of regional conditions and management practices, endectocide use in Canada is unlikely to pose a significant widespread threat to the environment. Nevertheless, nontarget effects may be of concern to individual cow-calf operators, particularly those treating cattle in the spring. This synthesis, the first assessment of the nontarget effects of endectocide use in Canada, emphasizes the importance of presenting findings within an appropriate context.
Schedulability analysis for distributed heterogeneous time/event triggered real-time systems (2004)

This paper deals with specific issues related to the design of distributed embedded systems implemented with mixed, event-triggered and time-triggered task sets, which communicate over bus protocols consisting of both static and dynamic phases. Such systems are emerging as a new standard for automotive applications. We have developed a holistic timing analysis and scheduling approach for this category of systems. Three alternative scheduling heuristics are presented and compared. We have also identified several new design problems characteristic to such hybrid systems. An example related to bus access optimization in the context of a mixed static/dynamic bus protocol is presented. Experimental results prove the efficiency of such an optimization approach.
Oriented Arrays of Graphene in a Polymer Matrix by in situ Reduction of Graphite Oxide Nanosheets (2009)

Graphite oxide-Nafion hybrids with a high degree of alignment are cast from aqueous solution in the absence of any external field and reduced in situ by exposure to hydrazine to produce graphene-Nafion hybrids. Dramatic enhancement of electrical conductivity indicates sufficient accessibility of the inorganic nanosheets to the reducing agent, through the nanochannels formed by the polymeric ionic domains. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Detection of Compromised Email Accounts Used by a Spam Botnet with Country Counting and Theoretical Geographical Travelling Speed Extracted from Metadata (2014)

Seventy six percent of sent spam and phishing emails have their origins in botnets. They use compromised email accounts to send junk mail through other SMTP servers to their destinations. Commonly, research is focused on the rapid detection of compromised accounts to protect the integrity of other systems. One possible way to do this is to scan the email content or limit the amount of messages that can be sent from an IP address or an account during a specified time period. An anomaly is properly detected if the limit is reached or spam emails are identified. The objective of the presented research is to detect the anomaly with geo location and country counting without the knowledge of the email content. A second method, called Theoretical Geographical Travelling Speed, was developed to raise the detection rate without false negatives. The proposed method is seven times faster than the default rate limited to the detection of a compromised account.
The conversion of racemic terminal epoxides into either (+)- or (-)-diol gamma- and delta-lactones (2000)

The conversion of racemic terminal epoxides into either (+)- or (-)-diol gamma- and delta-lactones is described with hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) as the key step.
Regulation of astrocyte GFAP expression by TGF-?1 and FGF-2 (1998)

Astrocytes play a critical role in the development of the CNS and its response to injury and disease. A key indicator of astrocyte activation is the increased accumulation of intermediate filaments composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Treatment of astrocytes in vitro with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) produced little morphological change, but resulted in a significant increase in GFAP mRNA and protein. Treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) produced a dramatic change from a polygonal to a stellate morphology, and resulted in a significant decrease in GFAP mRNA and protein. FGF-2 also inhibited the TGF-beta1-mediated increase in GFAP mRNA and protein. Cycloheximide did not block the effects of TGF-beta1 or FGF-2 on GFAP mRNA levels, but blocked the inhibitory effects of FGF-2 on the TGF-beta1-mediated increase in GFAP expression. All effects of FGF-2 were blocked by co-incubation with 5'-methylthioadenosine, a specific inhibitor of FGF-2-induced tyrosine kinase activity and FGF receptor (FGFR) autophosphorylation. We also examined astrocyte expression of FGFR, and demonstrate the presence of FGFR 1 and 2, and lower levels of FGFR 3. Our results demonstrate that TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 cause differential effects on the astrocyte cytoskeleton and morphology, suggesting an uncoupling of process outgrowth from GFAP synthesis.
Recursive Clustering for Multiple Object Tracking (2006)

In this paper, we propose a method to track multiple deformable objects in video sequences using a recursive clustering scheme. In a first step, a set of Gabor filter banks is used to filter the difference image between two consecutive frames. Then, the moving areas are sampled by randomly positioning particles in high magnitude area of the filtered image. Finally, these points are clustered to obtain one class for each moving object. The novelty in our method is in using cluster information for the previous frame to classify new particles in the current frame. This makes our method robust to occlusions, objects entering and leaving the field of view, objects stopping and starting, and moving objects getting really close to each other.
Does Percutaneous Nucleotomy With Discoscopy Replace Conventional Discectomy? (1989)

Percutaneous nucleotomy was first described in 1975 by Hijikata in Japan. In 1979 the present authors adopted this method for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and modified Hijikata's original instruments. Since 1982 additional intradiscal optical control has been included by means of an adapted arthroscopic kit for more accurate and effective removal of the nucleus pulposus under direct view. This procedure is called discoscopy. Between 1979 and late 1987, the method wasapplied to 109 patients with lumbar disc herniation. The indications included lumbar sciatica that (1) was resistant to conservative treatment and (2) in which myelography and/or examination by computed tomography proved a disc protrusion without dislocation in the spinal canal. The level most affected was L4-L5. Major operative complications encountered were one vascular lesion and two cases of secondary spondylodiscitis. Clinical results in patients with other additional causes of sciatica, such as spondylolisthesis or relapse of disc herniation, were nearly as favorable as in isolated first-time disc herniation. The overall success rate was 72.5% (79/109 patients).
Protein expression by the protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis upon contact with its bacterial parasite Legionella pneumophila (1994)

Legionella pneumophila is ingested by both human macrophages and amoebae, and it multiplies within similar endocytic compartments in both eukaryotic species. Inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, such as cycloheximide and emetine, had no effect on the uptake of L. pneumophila by macrophages but completely abolished ingestion by the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis. Therefore, host cell protein synthesis is required for the bacterium to infect the amoeba but not human macrophages. To identify proteins expressed by H. vermiformis upon contact with L. pneumophila, we radiolabeled amoebal proteins after contact with bacteria in bacteriostatic concentrations of tetracycline to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. We analyzed protein expression by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found that 33 amoebal proteins were induced; 12 of these were not detected in resting amoebae. Eleven other amoebal proteins were repressed; four of them became undetectable. In contrast, no phenotypic changes were observed in H. vermiformis upon contact with Escherichia coli or heat-killed L. pneumophila. An isogenic, avirulent variant of L. pneumophila, incapable of infecting either macrophages or amoebae, induced a different pattern of protein expression upon contact with H. vermiformis. Our data showed that amoebae manifested a specific phenotypic response upon contact with virulent L. pneumophila. This phenotypic modulation may be necessary for uptake of the bacteria into an endocytic compartment that permits bacterial survival and multiplication.
A precisely-timed energy injection technique achieving 58/10/2μs start-up in 1.84/10/50MHz crystal oscillators (2017)

A fast start-up crystal oscillator using a preciselytimed energy injection technique is proposed. The prototype TSMC 65nm CMOS IC includes three different crystal oscillators, targeting 1.84MHz, 10MHz, and 50MHz frequencies with measured start-up times of 58μs, 10μs, and 2μs while consuming 6.7μW, 45.5μW, and 195μW respectively. This corresponds to 15x faster start-up over prior art. For each oscillator, two crystals with different package sizes and quality factors were tested to verify the technique's robustness over crystal's parameters and frequency variations.
Monoterpene production by the carotenogenic yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides (2019)

Our results demonstrate that Rhodosporidium toruloides is a suitable microbial platform for the production of non-native monoterpenes with biofuel applications from lignocellulosic biomass.
A nanofibrous cell-seeded hydrogel promotes integration in a cartilage gap model (2009)

The presence of a defect in mature articular cartilage can lead to degenerative changes of the joint. This is in part caused by the inability of cartilage to regenerate tissue that is capable of spanning a fissure or crack. In this study, we hypothesized that introduction of a biodegradable cell-seeded nanofibrous hydrogel, Puramatrix(), into a cartilage gap would facilitate the generation of a mechanically stable interface. The effects of chondrocyte incorporation within the hydrogel and supplementation with transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGFbeta3), a known regulator of cell growth and differentiation, on cartilage integration were examined mechanically and histologically as a function of cell density and incubation time. When supplemented with TGFbeta3, the cell-seeded hydrogel exhibited abundant matrix generation within the hydrogel and a corresponding increase in maximum push-out stress as compared to all other groups. Furthermore, initial cell seeding density affected interfacial strength in a time-dependent manner. This study suggests that a cell-seeded TGFbeta3-supplemented hydrogel can encourage integration between two opposing pieces of articular cartilage.
Geo-environment as an open nonlinear dissipative dynamic system - identification problems, control capabilities, evolution forecast (2011)

Review is dedicated to discussing some problems and methods of studies of modern theory of nonlinear dynamic systems, urgent from the viewpoint of geophysical applications. Attention is focused on informational behavior of physical systems (including geosystems), possibilities of their diagnostics and forecast of evolution, use of fractal models. New lately developed approaches to analysis of temporal sequences of different physical nature, produced by dynamic systems have been considered. Role and importance is accentuated on geophysical monitoring oriented towards revealing general structural organization of physical processes, which occur within seismic-acoustic-electromagnetic generating geomedium, on reconstruction and identification of dynamic systems (geomedia). The phenomenon of "stochastic resonance" and its possible role in processes of self-organization and development of geosystems is discussed. The problem of control of the processes in geomedium is formulated in abbreviated statement and difficulties in realization of this idea are noticed due to the changes of parameters and condition of geomedium and with possibility of realization of controlling action during relatively short temporal intervals as well as with limitation of possible sources of influence.
The domestication of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus (2014)

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium that has had widespread historical use in the dairy industry and more recently as a probiotic. Although L. acidophilus has been designated as safe for human consumption, increasing commercial regulation and clinical demands for probiotic validation has resulted in a need to understand its genetic diversity. By drawing on large, well-characterised collections of lactic acid bacteria, we examined L. acidophilus isolates spanning 92 years and including multiple strains in current commercial use. Analysis of the whole genome sequence data set (34 isolate genomes) demonstrated L. acidophilus was a low diversity, monophyletic species with commercial isolates essentially identical at the sequence level. Our results indicate that commercial use has domesticated L. acidophilus with genetically stable, invariant strains being consumed globally by the human population.
Mochi: Visual Log-Analysis Based Tools for Debugging Hadoop (CMU-PDL-09-103) (2018)

Mochi, a new visual, log-analysis based debugging tool correlates Hadoop’s behavior in space, time and volume, and extracts a causal, unified control- and data-flow model of Hadoop across the nodes of a cluster. Mochi’s analysis produces visualizations of Hadoop’s behavior using which users can reason about and debug performance issues. We provide examples of Mochi’s value in revealing a Hadoop job’s structure, in optimizing real-world workloads, and in identifying anomalous Hadoop behavior, on the Yahoo! M45 Hadoop cluster.
The performance of CCD array detectors for application in high-resolution tomography (1986)

Charge coupled device arrays (CCDs) with low noise, small pixel size and high charge storage capacity are available at relatively low cost. Because of this, CCDs are finding increasing use in imaging applications. In this paper we will discuss the performance of a TI-4849 CCD array in an x-ray camera to be used for high-resolution synchrotron radiation tomography. The x-ray image is converted to visible light on a phosphor coated optical face plate which is imaged by a thermoelectrically cooled CCD. The measured modulation transfer function (high-contrast MTF) will be presented for this system. We will describe procedures for choosing and preparing the optimal phosphors for x-ray imaging. Advantages and limitations of CCD arrays over other detectors for tomographic applications will also be discussed.