gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Driver Steering Model With Personalized Desired Path Generation (2016)

With the increase in driver assistance systems, driver models are becoming more important to vehicle control, driving safety, and performance. To make these driver assistance systems better cooperate with human drivers, the driver models need to be able to predict human driving behaviors and distinguish among different drivers. In this paper, a combined driver model consisting of a compensatory transfer function and an anticipatory component based on road geometry is integrated with the design of the individual driver's desired path. The proposed driver model parameters are obtained from human subject test data collected in a driving simulator. It has been shown that the proposed combined driver model is able to replicate each driver's steering wheel angle signals for a variety of maneuvers at different vehicle speeds. The driver model is then validated by first using a polynomial to interpolate the driver model and desired path parameters for an intermediate speed. It is also validated by comparing two different drivers' model parameter sets to show that each driver has a unique set of parameters. The final validation is to show that the proposed individual driver's desired path offers more accurate steering wheel fits than the previous geometric centerline.
Rapid development of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain-conjugated nanoparticle vaccine candidate (2020)

Abstract The ongoing of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, resulting in economic losses and seriously threating the human health in worldwide, highlighting the urgent need of a stabilized, easily produced and effective preventive vaccine. The SARS-COV-2 spike protein receptor binding region (RBD) plays an important role in the process of viral binding receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and membrane fusion, making it an ideal target for vaccine development. In this study, we designed three different RBD-conjugated nanoparticles vaccine candidates, RBD-Ferritin (24-mer), RBD-mi3 (60-mer) and RBD-I53-50 (120-mer), with the application of covalent bond linking by SpyTag-SpyCatcher system. It was demonstrated that the neutralizing capability of sera from mice immunized with three RBD-conjugated nanoparticles adjuvanted with AddaVax or Sigma Systerm Adjuvant (SAS) after each immunization was ~8-to 120-fold greater than monomeric RBD group in SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and authentic virus neutralization assay. Most importantly, sera from RBD-conjugated NPs groups more efficiently blocked the binding of RBD to ACE2 or neutralizing antibody in vitro, a further proof of promising immunization effect. Besides, high physical stability and flexibility in assembly consolidated the benefit for rapid scale-up production of vaccine. These results supported that our designed SARS-CoV-2 RBD-conjugated nanoparticle was competitive vaccine candidate and the carrier nanoparticles could be adopted as universal platform for future vaccine development.
Ray-pulse matrices: a rational treatment for dispersive optical systems (1990)

A new formalism to describe beam propagation in paraxial optical systems with dispersive elements, including both spatial and temporal variations in the propagating signal, is presented. This formalism makes use of 4*4 ray-pulse matrices which take account of dispersive effects up to quadratic phases in both spatial coordinates (as in the usual paraxial ABCD matrix approach) and in the temporal domain. How to use these matrices to write a space-time integral analogous to a generalized Huygens integral is shown, and propagation laws for Gaussian ray pulses which are space- and time-varying analogs of the conventional results for Gaussian beams are derived. The formalism should be useful for analyzing dispersive optical systems such as prism beam expanders, femtosecond pulse compression systems, and dispersive mode-locked laser cavities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Uniplanar Differentially Driven Ultrawideband Polarization Diversity Antenna With Band-Notched Characteristics (2014)

A uniplanar ultrawideband (UWB) polarization diversity differential antenna with band-notched characteristics is presented in this letter for the first time. The antenna employs octagonal-shaped slot and two pairs of differentially fed monopoles being orthogonal to each other to achieve polarization diversity performance over the UWB. To effectively notch the 5.5-GHz WLAN band, the arc-shaped slots are inserted in the monopoles. As a result, the proposed antenna can achieve a wide impedance bandwidth of 143% (3-11 GHz) for the differential reflection coefficient less than -10 dB along with a notch band from 5 to 6.1 GHz. High differential port-to-port isolation of better than 40 dB and low cross polarization are also obtained by adopting a differential feeding mechanism. A prototype has been fabricated and tested. Results show that the antenna is very suitable for the applications in UWB wireless communication systems.
DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE OF ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN GRANULES: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (1988)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Glass Reflowed Microlens Array and its Optical Characteristics (2007)

We have demonstrated glass microlens array fabricated by thermal reflow process to take advantage of durable lens material and simple process. The microlens was designed using ray tracing, and was realized by controlling the diameter and height of cylindrical glass pattern. The glass pattern (Diameter x Height = 250 x 28 um) was formed by etching a glass plate with HF solution for 4 min (E/R: ~7 um). Then the glass pattern was reflowed at 850degC that is above the glass transition temperature (Tg = 820degC), in the furnace to form a spherical shape. The profile of microlens was measured using a confocal microscopy and the diameter of the spherical shape is larger than 80 percent of the mask pattern size. The fabricated microlens was evaluated in terms of focal length (~600 um) and beam waist (~12 um) using an IR source (lambda=1550 nm).
Energy Properties of Strange Quark Matter Studied in Constituent Quark Model (1994)

We study energy properties of strange quark matter (SQM) in an approach based on the constituent quark model. In treating the infinite matter, SQM is modeled on a cubic lattice composed of the 1s-closed shell (Qs) clusters, by extending a cluster-theoretical approach previously made for finite strange quark systems of Qs-clusters. The energy per baryon of this SQM monotonically increases as the inter-Qs distance decreases (the density of Qs-clusters as well as the average baryon number density increases). This means that Qs-clusters do not fuse to the Fermi-gas like SQM and favor to be far apart from each other. The mechanism causing such tendency is the following; the repulsive contributions to the inter-Qs energy coming from the kinetic energy and the color magnetic interaction overwhelm the attractive ones from the color electric interaction and, except for the internal energy of Qs, the contributions from a confinement potential play no essential role. The energy of SQM per baryon can never be less than that of a single Qs which is higher by about 400 ∼500 MeV than the nucleon mass. Therefore the appearance of the absolutely stable SQM is unlikely in this model. Saturation property of SQM and surface effects are also discussed.
FOOD PROTEIN FROM MEAT AND BONE MEAL (1971)

SUMMARY— Studies were undertaken to develop a nutritious and aesthetically attractive protein concentrate from commercial meat and bone meal. Flotation in carbon tetrachloride was used to separate meat residues from the bulk of the bone. The meat residues had moderate nutritional merit in rat feeding trials. Further improvement was achieved by size separation or by base extraction. The finer fraction from size separation had a more favorable amino acid balance and gave better growth rates and protein efficiency ratios (PER) than did the unfractionated material. Growth rates increased markedly as the amount in the diet was increased to give 15 and 20% protein. It had more than an additive effect on growth and PER as a supplement to wheat flour or whole corn. Extraction with base improved amino acid balance, growth response and flavor. Addition of 9% of the base‐extracted material to rice or biscuits had little effect on flavor; a gray‐red color remained prominant. Overall yields of the base‐extracted material starting with meat and bone meal were about 34%. The protein content of the product was about 88% on a dry weight basis. Its PER when 2% methionine was added was 75% of that of casein (without added methionine) in a rat feeding experiment. The cost of production is estimated at about $0.13/lb when allowance is made for methionine addition and for sale of residues from the production process as an animal feed supplement
Matched FSK/PSK radar (2002)

In this paper, a novel radar signaling scheme designated as matched FSK/PSK signaling is introduced. An overall radar system which implements matched FSK/PSK signaling along with the appropriate processing scheme is given. Radars of this type are shown to be capable of generating FSK/PSK signals optimally matched to any arbitrary target response. The radar signals consist of bursts of pulses, whose frequencies are chosen by a random selection process with a probability density function based on the radar target's spectral content, and whose phases are a pseudo-random spreading sequence. The capability of the radar to match its illumination to a target could prove to be vital in tracking low observable targets. Additionally, the spectral agility of the matched FSK/PSK system allows for spectrally adaptive signaling. Adaptive signaling could not only aid target tracking, but also provide information about the target that could be used for target identification purposes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fuzzy logic modeling of nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics (1998)

Large-amplitude forced-oscillation test data with and without sideslip for an F-16XL configuration are analyzed through a fuzzy-logic algorithm to generate aerodynamic models for all aerodynamic coefficients. The independent influencing variables considered are the angle of attack, its first and second time derivatives, the reduced frequency, the sideslip angle and the elevator deflection angle. The models are set up for a range of angle of attack from 0 to SO degrees, for the sideslip angle from 0 to -30 degrees, for the reduced frequency from 0 to 0.8 and for the elevator deflection angle from -25 to 25 degrees. The algorithm incorporates the concept of least squared errors and the multiple correlation coefficients to determine the most suitable model. Some available data, not used in establishing the models, are employed in correlation with the model prediction. The results indicate that the fuzzy-logic models can provide reasonably accurate nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics even at high reduced frequencies.
Natural Killer T Cells and Autoimmune Disease (2009)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are an unusual subset of innate immune cells that express a surface receptor generated by somatic DNA rearrangement, a hallmark of cells of the adaptive immune system. NKT cells express a highly restricted repertoire of T cell receptors that recognize glycolipid antigens bound with the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d. A hallmark of NKT cells is their capacity to produce copious amounts of immunomodulatory cytokines upon antigenic stimulation, which endows these cells with potent immunoregulatory properties. Consequently, NKT cells have been implicated in regulating a wide variety of immune responses, including immune responses against autoantigens. In patients and mice with a variety of autoimmune diseases, numbers and functions of NKT cells are disturbed, but the relevance of these findings to the etiology of autoimmunity remains to be fully established. Nevertheless, in some mouse models of autoimmunity, NKT cell-deficiency exacerbates disease, suggesting that NKT cells play a role in suppressing autoimmunity. Conversely, specific activation of NKT cells with glycolipid antigens generally protects mice against the development of autoimmunity. Most of these studies have employed the potent sponge-derived NKT cell antigen alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). However, alpha-GalCer treatment in mice was associated with detrimental side effects and treatment efficacy was influenced by a variety of parameters, resulting sometimes in disease exacerbation rather than protection. Recent efforts have focused on developing NKT cell agonists with superior treatment efficacy than alpha-GalCer. Collectively, these studies have identified NKT cells as attractive targets for treatment of human autoimmune diseases.
Novel<i>Coprinopsis cinerea</i>Polyesterase That Hydrolyzes Cutin and Suberin (2009)

Three cutinase gene-like genes from the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea (Coprinus cinereus) found with a similarity search were cloned and expressed in Trichoderma reesei under the control of an inducible cbh1 promoter. The selected transformants of all three polyesterase constructs showed activity with p-nitrophenylbutyrate, used as a model substrate. The most promising transformant of the cutinase CC1G_09668.1 gene construct was cultivated in a laboratory fermentor, with a production yield of 1.4 g liter(-l) purified protein. The expressed cutinase (CcCUT1) was purified to homogeneity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography exploiting a C-terminal His tag. The N terminus of the enzyme was found to be blocked. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was determined to be around 18.8 kDa by mass spectrometry. CcCUT1 had higher activity on shorter (C(2) to C(10)) fatty acid esters of p-nitrophenol than on longer ones, and it also exhibited lipase activity. CcCUT1 had optimal activity between pH 7 and 8 but retained activity over a wide pH range. The enzyme retained 80% of its activity after 20 h of incubation at 50 degrees C, but residual activity decreased sharply at 60 degrees C. Microscopic analyses and determination of released hydrolysis products showed that the enzyme was able to depolymerize apple cutin and birch outer bark suberin.
Three-component vorticity measurements in a turbulent grid flow (1998)

All components of the fluctuating vorticity vector have been measured in decaying grid turbulence using a vorticity probe of relatively simple geometry (four X-probes, i.e. a total of eight hot wires). The data indicate that local isotropy is more closely satisfied than global isotropy, the r.m.s. vorticities being more nearly equal than the r.m.s. velocities. Two checks indicate that the performance of the probe is satisfactory. Firstly, the fully measured mean energy dissipation rate 〈ε〉 is in good agreement with the value inferred from the rate of decay of the mean turbulent energy 〈q2〉 in the quasi-homogeneous region; the isotropic mean energy dissipation rate 〈εiso〉 agrees closely with this value even though individual elements of 〈ε〉 indicate departures from isotropy. Secondly, the measured decay rate of the mean-square vorticity 〈ω2〉 is consistent with that of 〈q2〉 and in reasonable agreement with the isotropic form of the transport equation for 〈ω2〉. Although 〈ε〉≃〈εiso〉, there are discernible differences between the statistics of ε and εiso; in particular, εiso is poorly correlated with either ε or ω2. The behaviour of velocity increments has been examined over a narrow range of separations for which the third-order longitudinal velocity structure function is approximately linear. In this range, transverse velocity increments show larger departures than longitudinal increments from predictions of Kolmogorov (1941). The data indicate that this discrepancy is only partly associated with differences between statistics of locally averaged ε and ω2, the latter remaining more intermittent than the former across this range. It is more likely caused by a departure from isotropy due to the small value of Rλ, the Taylor microscale Reynolds number, in this experiment.
Untersuchungen in der Pyrimidinreihe VIII. Über neue Synthesen von Pyrazolo[3.4‐d]‐ und 1.2.4‐Triazino[6.5‐d]‐pyrimidinen (1958)

Abstract Durch Acylierungen von 1.3‐Dimethyl‐4‐hydrazino‐uracil eröffnet sich ein neuer Weg zur Darstellung von Pyrazolo[3.4‐d]‐pyrimidinen. Die synthetisierten Derivate des 1.2.4‐Triazino[6.5‐d]‐pyrimidins leiten sich von einem bis jetzt noch nicht beschriebenen heterocyclischen Ringsystem ab.
Numerical noise analysis for nonlinear circuits with a periodic large signal excitation including cyclostationary noise sources (1993)

A numerical small signal noise analysis method for nonlinear circuits with a periodic large signal excitation, e.g. mixer circuits and switching circuits, is proposed. For small signal input responses, these nonlinear circuits are modeled as their linear periodic time-varying circuits. First, a numerical calculation method for the time-varying transfer function of a linear periodic time-varying circuit is described. Next, a noise analysis method is proposed for these circuits which contain noise sources modeled as cyclostationary random processes. Thermal noise and shot noise in the presence of periodic large signal excitation are modeled as cyclostationary random processes, each of which is modeled as a set of stationary random processes in continuous time. Aliasing components folded back to the baseband from high-frequency bands are calculated, and their powers are accumulated until their contributions become negligible. Simulated noise figures closely matched the measured values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of a novel needle steering manipulator for minimally invasive guided breast biopsy (2016)

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide in women. Most types of breast cancer are detected by diagnosis of extracted tissue cells by microscopic analysis. With the increase of popularity of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) across the medical ﬁeld, needle breast biopsy under ultrasound guidance is the procedure of choice to detect and retrieve tissue for histopathologic study. Highly dependent on the skill and experience of the radiologist,various techniques allow for precise lesion targeting and accurate diagnosis of extracted biopsy tissue samples. A novel parallelogram-based Remote Center of Motion (RCM) mechanism for automated minimally invasive breast biopsy is proposed in this paper. Allowing for an adjustable working point, the development of this 3 DOF needle steering mechatronic system promotes the demonstration of precise and accurate lesion targeting. Guided by an integrated ultrasound probe, this safety driven apparatus sets groundwork towards the development of an FDA approved needle steering manipulator for ultrasound guided breast biopsy. The proposed conceptual design is validated by a prototype with the use of a rapid-prototyping technique. Experimental results have shown empirical ﬁndings, with the mechanism’s performance allowing for accurate and precise needle steering. The design offers potential for targeting lesions in breast cancer applications.
Human anti‐pig T‐cell mediated cytotoxicity (1996)

Abstract: Miniature swine have a variety of advantages as potential donors for human xenotransplantation, including size, physiological similarities, and breeding characteristics. To investigate the nature of the human anti‐pig xenogeneic cellular response, we performed standard 51 Cr‐release cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) experiments. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele specificity of the xenogeneic cellular response was tested on porcine target cells of three distinct homozygous MHC haplotypes (SLA aa , SLA CC , SLA dd ) and three intra‐MHC recombinant haplotypes (SLA jj , SLA gg , SLA kk ), obtained from our herd of partially inbred miniature swine. After stimulation with irradiated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of SLA aa haplotype, a strong nonspecific cytotoxic response of the bulk culture against xenogeneic targets of all three haplotypes was observed. However, SLA allele specificity could be demonstrated after T cell enrichment, and mapping experiments revealed predominantly SLA class I restriction of xenoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), although some class II restriction was also observed. The experiments were repeated in the presence of anti‐T cell monoclonal antibodies, anti‐CD3 (OKT3), anti‐CD2 (35.1), anti‐CD4 (OKT4), or anti‐CD 8 (OKT8). The bulk xenogeneic CML was not inhibited by any of the anti‐T cell antibodies tested. However, after T cell‐enrichment, lysis of porcine targets was significantly inhibited by anti‐CD3 or anti‐CD8 antibody and partially inhibited by anti‐CD2 antibody. In comparable assays, the human allogeneic CML was blocked by anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD8, but not by anti‐CD2 or anti‐CD4 antibodies. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of A3b3, a human CD4 + T‐cell clone, was tested. A3b3 lysed xenogeneic targets of SLA aa haplotype, but not SLA CC or allogeneic targets, and was inhibited by anti‐CD4, anti‐CD2, and anti‐CD3 antibodies, but not by anti‐CD8. With the aid of intra‐MHC recombinant haplotypes, the xenogeneic CML reactivity of A3b3 was mapped to SLA class II, suggesting direct xenogeneic recognition of porcine MHC class II antigens by human T cells. Thus, the human anti‐pig cell‐mediated cytotoxic response is similar in magnitude to comparable allogeneic responses, and involves both SLA class I and class II restricted T‐cell mediated cytotoxicity, as well as additional nonspecific killing, possibly by NK cells.
Content-based image retrieval systems: A survey (2000)

In many areas of commerce, government, academia, and hospitals, large collections of digital im-\nages are being created. Many of these collections are the product of digitizing existing collections of\nanalogue photographs, diagrams, drawings, paintings, and prints. Usually, the only way of search-\ning these collections was by keyword indexing, or simply by browsing. Digital images databases\nhowever, open the way to content-based searching. In this paper we survey some technical aspects\nof current content-based image retrieval systems.
MINC; a gridding program based on minimum curvature (1981)

MINC: A gridding program based on minimum curvature by
A Low Voltage Steep Turn-Off Tunnel Transistor Design (2009)

A new tunneling transistor structure is introduced that offers several advantages over prior designs. Notably, tunneling area is substantially increased. Turn on/off swing is improved by engineering doping profile to ensure tunneling initiates in high electric field region. TCAD simulations explore the critical design considerations. The concept of heterojunction tunneling is introduced as a means to achieve low effective band gap and low voltage operation for the design in consideration.
Costs and Benefits of High Mutation Rates: Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria in the Mouse Gut (2001)

We have shown that bacterial mutation rates change during the experimental colonization of the mouse gut. A high mutation rate was initially beneficial because it allowed faster adaptation, but this benefit disappeared once adaptation was achieved. Mutator bacteria accumulated mutations that, although neutral in the mouse gut, are often deleterious in secondary environments. Consistently, the competitiveness of mutator bacteria is reduced during transmission to and re-colonization of similar hosts. The short-term advantages and long-term disadvantages of mutator bacteria could account for their frequency in nature.