gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formulation of Biologically-Inspired Silk-Based Drug Carriers for Pulmonary Delivery Targeted for Lung Cancer (2015)

Abstract The benefits of using silk fibroin, a major protein in silk, are widely established in many biomedical applications including tissue regeneration, bioactive coating and in vitro tissue models. The properties of silk such as biocompatibility and controlled degradation are utilized in this study to formulate for the first time as carriers for pulmonary drug delivery. Silk fibroin particles are spray dried or spray-freeze-dried to enable the delivery to the airways via dry powder inhalers. The addition of excipients such as mannitol is optimized for both the stabilization of protein during the spray-freezing process as well as for efficient dispersion using an in vitro aerosolisation impactor. Cisplatin is incorporated into the silk-based formulations with or without cross-linking, which show different release profiles. The particles show high aerosolisation performance through the measurement of in vitro lung deposition, which is at the level of commercially available dry powder inhalers. The silk-based particles are shown to be cytocompatible with A549 human lung epithelial cell line. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin is demonstrated to be enhanced when delivered using the cross-linked silk-based particles. These novel inhalable silk-based drug carriers have the potential to be used as anti-cancer drug delivery systems targeted for the lungs.
Resolution-enhanced integral imaging microscopy that uses lens array shifting (2009)

A resolution-enhanced integral imaging microscope that uses lens array shifting is proposed in this study. The lens shift method maintains the same field of view of the reconstructed orthographic view images with increased spatial density. In this study, multiple sets of the elemental images were captured with horizontal and vertical shifts of the micro lens array and combined together to form a single set of the elemental images. From the combined elemental images, orthographic view images and depth slice images of the microscopic specimen were generated with enhanced resolution.
Behavior of Thermally Sprayed Wear Protective Coatings Exposed to Different Abrasive Wear Conditions in Comparison to Hard Chromium Platings (2007)

Abstract For deposition of protective coatings different coating techniques are available. Usually, detailed evaluation of various deposit types and materials is necessary for selection of the best suited coating for specific application fields and demands. Subject of this work are thermally sprayed functional coatings applied as wear (and corrosion) protective layers. Examination of different optimized thermal spray coatings, i.e. HVOF sprayed WC/Co(Cr) and Cr3C2/NiCr coatings, conventional flame sprayed and fused self fluxing alloy coatings reinforced by hardmetal and APS sprayed oxide Al2O3/TiO2 and Cr2O3 coatings, is done in comparison to thick hard chromium platings. Two abrasive wear tests featuring wear by lose abrasive particles are carried out. These impart dry wear conditions according to ASTM G65 (Rubber Wheel test) and wear by abrasive suspensions according to ASTM G75 (Miller test). The work also contains evaluation of newly developed HVOF torch components permitting increased combustion gas, and therefore also particle, velocities concerning the benefit in terms of coating properties. Exemplary evaluation of the new components influence on velocity and temperature of spray particles is carried out by comparative SprayWatch analyses. Both the influence on the coatings microstructure and the wear performance are studied. Coating microstructure is evaluated qualitatively by optical and scanning electron microscopy and the micro hardness HV0.3 is measured. Worn surfaces are studied by SEM in order to deduce wear mechanisms.
Diode-pumped caesium vapour laser with closed-cycle laser-active medium circulation (2012)

The creation of a caesium vapour laser with closed-cycle circulation of the laser-active medium is first reported. The power of the laser radiation amounted to ∼1 kW with the 'light-to-light' conversion efficiency of ∼48 %. Quasi-two-dimensional computational model of the laser operation that provides adequate description of experimental results is considered. Calculated and experimental dependences of the laser radiation power on the temperature of the cuvette walls, laser medium pressure and pump power are presented.
A compact high-repetition-rate TEA CO<sub>2</sub>laser (1977)

A compact atmospheric pressure CO2 laser utilizing a double-discharge technique has been constructed and operated at moderate repetition rates. Output powers of 30 W have been obtained at pulse repetition frequencies of 100 Hz, corresponding to an output of 300 mJ/pulse. With the addition of small amounts of H2 and CO to the He-CO2-N2 gas mixture, sealed operational lifetimes exceeding 2*106 pulses have been obtained. In operation in the sealed configuration, the output energy is reduced to 250 mJ/pulse at pulse repetition frequencies of 40-50 pulses/s.
Optimal and Approximate Control Policies for Airline Booking with Sequential Nonmonotonic Fare Classes (1995)

This paper addresses the question of when to refuse discount bookings from airline passengers to reserve seats for potential future passengers who are willing to pay a higher fare. When passengers arrive in sequential fare classes, the optimal policy will be to accept reservation requests as long as the cumulative seats booked does not exceed a given booking limit. This paper relates the probability of filling the plane, under the optimal policy, with the ratios of the current to the highest remaining fare classes. In addition, it extends the solution from monotonically increasing fares to fares occurring in arbitrary order. Finally, it demonstrates how Monte Carlo integration is easy to use to get arbitrarily close approximations to the optimal policy.
Optimal fermentation conditions for enhanced glutathione production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8. (2004)

The influence of feedstock amino acids, salt, carbon and nitrogen sources on glutathione production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8 was investigated. Glucose, yeast extract, KH2PO4, and L-cysteine were found to be suitable feedstock. Highest glutathione production was obtained after cultivation with shaking for 72 h in a medium containing glucose 3.0% (w/v), yeast extract 3.0%, KH2PO4 0.06% and L-cysteine 0.06%. The glutathione concentration achieved using this medium increased 2.27-fold to 204 mg/l compared to YM basal medium.
Targeting Radiation-Induced G2 Checkpoint Activation with the Wee-1 Inhibitor MK-1775 in Glioblastoma Cell Lines (2011)

The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of MK-1775, a potent Wee-1 inhibitor, to abrogate the radiation-induced G(2) checkpoint arrest and modulate radiosensitivity in glioblastoma cell models and normal human astrocytes. The radiation-induced checkpoint response of established glioblastoma cell lines, glioblastoma neural stem (GNS) cells, and astrocytes were determined in vitro by flow cytometry and in vivo by mitosis-specific staining using immunohistochemistry. Mechanisms underlying MK-1775 radiosensitization were determined by mitotic catastrophe and γH2AX expression. Radiosensitivity was determined in vitro by the clonogenic assay and in vivo by tumor growth delay. MK-1775 abrogated the radiation-induced G(2) checkpoint and enhanced radiosensitivity in established glioblastoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo, without modulating radiation response in normal human astrocytes. MK-1775 appeared to attenuate the early-phase of the G(2) checkpoint arrest in GNS cell lines, although the arrest was not sustained and did not lead to increased radiosensitivity. These results show that MK-1775 can selectively enhance radiosensitivity in established glioblastoma cell lines. Further work is required to determine the role Wee-1 plays in checkpoint activation of GNS cells.
Post-Injury Administration of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Inhibitor, NIM811, Is Neuroprotective and Improves Cognition after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats (2011)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a pivotal role in cell death mechanisms following traumatic brain injury (TBI). N-methyl-4-isoleucine-cyclosporin (NIM811), a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin A (CsA) analog, inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and has been shown to be neuroprotective following TBI in mice. However, the translation of the neuroprotective effects of mPTP inhibitors, including CsA and NIM811, into improved cognitive end points has yet to be fully investigated. Therefore, to build upon these results, a severe unilateral controlled cortical impact model of TBI was used in the present study to establish a dose-response curve for NIM811 in rats. The findings demonstrate that the neuroprotection afforded by NIM811 is dose dependent, with the 10 mg/kg dose being the most effective dose. Once the dose response was established, we evaluated the effect of the optimal dose of NIM811 on behavior, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondrial oxidative damage following TBI. For behavioral studies, rats were administered NIM811 at 15 min and 24 h post-injury, with cognitive testing beginning 10 days post-injury. Mitochondrial studies involved a single injection of NIM811 at 15 min post-injury followed by mitochondrial isolation at 6 h post-injury. The results revealed that the optimal dose of NIM811 improves cognition, improves mitochondrial functioning, and reduces oxidative damage following TBI.
Ion Accumulation and Migration Effects on Redox Cycling in Nanopore Electrode Arrays at Low Ionic Strength (2016)

Ion permselectivity can lead to accumulation in zero-dimensional nanopores, producing a significant increase in ion concentration, an effect which may be combined with unscreened ion migration to improve sensitivity in electrochemical measurements, as demonstrated by the enormous current amplification (∼2000-fold) previously observed in nanopore electrode arrays (NEA) in the absence of supporting electrolyte. Ionic strength is a key experimental factor that governs the magnitude of the additional current amplification (AFad) beyond simple redox cycling through both ion accumulation and ion migration effects. Separate contributions from ion accumulation and ion migration to the overall AFad were identified by studying NEAs with varying geometries, with larger AFad values being achieved in NEAs with smaller pores. In addition, larger AFad values were observed for Ru(NH3)6(3/2+) than for ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc(+)/Fc) in aqueous solution, indicating that coupling efficiency in redox cycling can significantly affect AFad. While charged species are required to observe migration effects or ion accumulation, poising the top electrode at an oxidizing potential converts neutral species to cations, which can then exhibit current amplification similar to starting with the cation. The electrical double layer effect was also demonstrated for Fc/Fc(+) in acetonitrile and 1,2-dichloroethane, producing AFad up to 100× at low ionic strength. The pronounced AFad effects demonstrate the advantage of coupling redox cycling with ion accumulation and migration effects for ultrasensitive electrochemical measurements.
La transmission du geste (1996)

Au-delà de ce qui se répète inéluctablement d'une génération à l'autre, comment se transmet le geste qui permet d'être soi-même et d'inventer son existence? Cette question implicite s'entend, sur le mode de ses impasses, dans bon nombre de situations cliniques, témoignant de la crise actuelle. A partir de cette interpellation, nous montrons comment la transmission du geste est en opposition interne à la loi de la répétition et nous explicitons certaines conditions pour une telle transmission, principalement la prise ensemble dans un geste partagé. La logique de cette transmission du geste peut s'inscrire dans la coupure topologique d'une bande de M'bius; elle se déploie aussi dans les textes fondateurs de notre culture, tels que la mise en scène de la transmission du don de prophétie entre le prophète et son disciple. Une telle transmission reste-t-elle possible dans notre société? Nous soutenons qu'il est impératif d'en inventer de nouvelles formes.
A universal intermediate representation for massively parallel software development (2004)

The Hierarchical Simultaneous Set Membership (HSSM) intermediate representation is a graphical representation that can be used to efficiently encode source languages during parsing. It also provides an excellent design representation for code generation as well. Moreover, the HSSM IR is the basis for a relational algebra . Where a relational algebra is to software design what Boolean algebra is to digital logic design. This formal mathematical interpretation makes the HSSM IR an excellent platform on which to develop the extensive automated synthesis/verification algorithms that will necessarily form the basis of next generation computers.
Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride/Boron Nitride Composite Materials (1993)

Aluminum nitride/boron nitride composite was synthesized by using boric acid, urea, and aluminum chloride (or aluminum lactate) as the starting compounds. The starting materials were dissolved in water and mixed homogeneously. Ammonolysis of this aqueous solution resulted in the formation of a precomposite gel, which converted into the aluminum nitride/boron nitride composite on further heat treatment. Characterization of both the precomposite and the composite powders included powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of the composite revealed that the aluminum nitride phase had a hexagonal structure, and the boron nitride phase a turbostratic structures.
Achieving Organizational Change in Pediatric Pain Management (2008)

The review process identified deficiencies in the management of pain in children, and barriers to its effective management. With institutional support, the present review has guided improvement.
A pneumatic power harvesting ankle-foot orthosis to prevent foot-drop (2009)

This study demonstrated that fluid power could be harvested with a pneumatic circuit built into an AFO, and used to operate an actuated cam-lock mechanism that controls ankle-foot motion at specific periods of the gait cycle.
Using chaos control and tracking to suppress a pathological nonchaotic rhythm in a cardiac model (1996)

Atrioventricular (AV) nodal alternans is a pathological cardiac condition characterized by a beat-to-beat alternation (period-2 rhythm) in AV nodal conduction time. Here we implement an AV nodal conduction model which undergoes a period-doubling bifurcation into alternans. We show that additive noise can be used to locate the unstable period-1 fixed point which underlies the alternans rhythm. We then use chaos control to suppress alternans by stabilizing the model about its unstable period-1 fixed point. We also show that the period-doubling bifurcation into alternans can be prevented by tracking the period-1 rhythm into its unstable regime. We demonstrate that these techniques are robust to imprecise measurements and experimental noise. Importantly, these methods require no knowledge of the underlying system equations. These findings suggest that chaos control and tracking may be useful for suppressing alternans in a clinical environment. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
TSV reveal etch for 3D integration (2012)

In via-first and via-mid TSV integration flows, Si must be removed from the backside of the wafer to make contact with the bottom of the TSVs. This operation is performed using a mechanical grind followed by a reveal etch. We show the results of TSV reveal using both a wet and dry etch. A set of measurements is performed on the TSV wafers and the bonded stack to select etch parameters to achieve the desired TSV reveal height after the etch. We show that even extremely tight process control of the TSV etch, wafer grind, bond layer, carrier wafer thickness, and thinning etch will occasionally produce via heights that vary too much across the wafer and wafer to wafer. A CMP process is proposed that makes the thinning process simpler.
Specificity of α-chymotrypsin. α-Chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-acylamino acid p-nitrophenyl esters (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecificity of α-chymotrypsin. α-Chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-acylamino acid p-nitrophenyl estersJean J. Bechet, Alain Dupaix, and Colette RoucousCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 14, 2566–2572Publication Date (Print):July 3, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00738a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00738a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overview of Human Repetitive <scp>DNA</scp> Sequences (2000)

This appendix contains brief descriptions of the most abundant classes of repetitive DNA in the human genome. The chromosomal distribution of these classes of repeats are shown for human chromosome 16.
Vehicle crashworthiness design and analysis by means of nonlinear flexible multibody dynamics (2001)

The study of crashworthy vehicles' structures requires the use of efficient methods able to provide meaningful results, even with the minimal information available in the conceptual models used in the early phases of the design process. A methodology based in the multibody dynamics of nonlinear flexible systems is presented here for the design and analysis of vehicles in crashworthiness scenarios. While rigid bodies represent most of the vehicle components with their relative motion constrained by kinematic joints, the structural components, such as the front crash-box or the rollbars and A-pillars, are described by means of nonlinear flexible bodies modelled by finite elements. The contact conditions are formulated in terms of continuous force models for rigid body impact, or unilateral constraints for finite element nodal impact. In both cases, the friction forces are also modelled. The methodology is applied to the impact of a vehicle in different crash scenarios. In the process, it is shown that formulation accounts not only for the highly nonlinear variation of the kinematic conditions during impact but also for the occurrence of multiple contacts.
Kinetics of Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Na/BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/MgO Catalyst: Mechanistic Aspects (2006)

The kinetics of oxidative coupling of methane reaction over a Na/BaTiO3/MgO catalyst was studied under differential conditions in a fixed bed flow reactor. The experiments were carried out at 725, 775 and 825°C. Methane and oxygen partial pressures in the reactor were varied from 0.05 to 0.92 and 0.05 to 0.17 atm respectively with the total pressure of 1 atm for all reactions. Using molecular point of view the semi-mechanistic reaction rate equations for C2H6 (ethane) formation and CH4 (methane) conversion rates have been proposed. The approximate total carbon oxides formation rates have also been deduced intuitively. The parameter 'n' was introduced that shows the portion of the reaction, which produces carbon oxides. After investigating some mechanistic approaches one of them was selected as the best mechanism.
On the multiplicative complexity of discrete cosine transforms (1992)

The multiplicative complexity of discrete cosine transforms (DCTs) of arbitrary dimensions on input sizes, which are powers of two, are obtained. New upper bounds on the multiplicative complexity of scaled DCTs on input sizes, which are powers of two, are also obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effects of spherical aberration on multiphoton fluorescence excitation microscopy (2011)

Multiphoton fluorescence excitation microscopy is almost invariably conducted with samples whose refractive index differ from that of the objective immersion medium, conditions that cause spherical aberration. Due to the quadratic nature of multiphoton fluorescence excitation, spherical aberration is expected to profoundly affect the depth dependence of fluorescence excitation. In order to determine the effect of refractive index mismatch in multiphoton fluorescence excitation microscopy, we measured signal attenuation, photobleaching rates and resolution degradation with depth in homogeneous samples with minimal light scattering and absorption over a range of refractive indices. These studies demonstrate that signal levels and resolution both rapidly decline with depth into refractive index mismatched samples. Analyses of photobleaching rates indicate that the preponderance of signal attenuation with depth results from decreased rates of fluorescence excitation, even in a system with a descannd emission collection pathway. Similar results were obtained in analyses of fluorescence microspheres embedded in rat kidney tissue, demonstrating that spherical aberration is an important limiting factor in multiphoton fluorescence excitation microscopy of biological samples.
Mitochondrial Malate-Aspartate Shuttle Regulates Mouse Embryo Nutrient Consumption (2005)

Pyruvate has been considered the sole substrate that can support development of the mouse zygote to the two-cell stage, with lactate able to support development from the two-cell stage. This study has determined for the first time that mitochondrial reducing equivalent shuttles regulate metabolism in the early embryo. Activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle was found to be essential for the metabolism of lactate in the two-cell embryo. Furthermore, the inability of the mouse zygote to use lactate as an energy source was a result of a lack of malate-aspartate shuttle activity. The mRNA for the four enzymes for shuttle activity were detected at all stages of development. It was determined that aspartate was a rate-limiting factor in the activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle in mouse zygotes probably due to the high K(m) of the cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase. Addition of high concentrations of exogenous aspartate to the culture medium enabled mouse zygotes to utilize lactate in the absence of pyruvate and develop normally to the blastocyst stage as well as produce normal viable offspring. This study determined that the malate-aspartate shuttle is a key regulator of embryo metabolism and therefore viability and is the first report that mouse zygotes can develop normally to term in the absence of pyruvate.