gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating Data-Extraction Ontologies By Example (2005)

Ontology-based data-extraction is a resilient web data-extraction approach. A major limitation of this approach is that ontology experts must manually develop and maintain data-extraction ontologies. The limitation prevents ordinary users who have little knowledge of conceptual models from making use of this resilient approach. In this thesis we have designed and implemented a general framework, OntoByE, to generate data-extraction ontologies semi-automatically through a small set of examples collected by users. With the assistance of a limited amount of prior knowledge, experimental evidence shows that OntoByE is capable of interacting with users to generate data-extraction ontologies for domains of interest to them.
Development of a novel energy-resolved photon-counting detector for gamma ray imaging applications (2009)

In this paper, we present the design and preliminary performance evaluation of a novel energy-resolved photon-counting (ERPC) detector for gamma ray imaging applications. The prototype ERPC detector has an active area of 4.4 cm x 4.4 cm, which is pixelated into 128 x 128 square pixels with a pitch size of 350 μm 350 μm. The current detector consists of multiple detector hybrids, each with a CdTe crystal of 1.1 cm x 2.2 cm x 1 mm, bump-bonded onto a customdesigned application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ERPC ASIC has 2048 readout channels arranged in a 3264 array. Each channel is equipped with pre- and shaping-amplifiers, a discriminator, peak/hold circuitry, and an analog-todigital converter (ADC) for digitizing the signal amplitude. In order to compensate for the pixel-to-pixel variation, two 8-bit DACs are implemented into each channel for tuning the gain and offset. The ERPC detector is designed to offer a high spatial resolution, a wide dynamic range of 12-200 keV and a good energy resolution of 3-4 keV. The hybrid detector configuration provides a flexible detection area that can be easily tailored for different imaging applications. The intrinsic performance of a prototype ERPC detector was evaluated with various gamma ray sources, and the results are presented.
Bispecific anti-HER2 and CD16 single-chain antibody production prolongs the use of stem cell-like cell transplantation against HER2-overexpressing cancer (2009)

Humanized antibodies vary and have certain effects, but they are expensive and require repeated administration. We developed cells which constantly express a humanized antibody, and we performed anticancer humanized antibody therapy involving cell transplantation. Genes with the same amino acid sequence as that of the variable region of trastuzumab (Herceptin) as the humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody were produced by overlap-PCR and were connected to the anti-human CD16 antibody [anti-HER2+anti-CD16 single-chain antibody (anti-HER2+CD16 scAb)]. For transplantation, stem cell-like cells that are immunologically tolerant and do not transform into cancer [mouse embryo fibroblast cell line C3H10T1/2 (10T1/2)] were used. The antibody was incorporated into 10T1/2 (antibody-expressing cells) using the pMX-IRES-EGFP retroviral vector. Cell supernatants and human monocytes were exposed to the human breast cancer strain HTB131 expressing HER2, and the in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effects were evaluated. After the transplantation of antibody-expressing and HTB131 cells into SCID mice, human monocytes were intermittently administered, and the in vivo ADCC effects were evaluated. We found that the ex vivo dead cell rate was 15.4% for Herceptin, 5.6% for anti-HER2+CD16 scAb, 1.5% for anti-CD16 scAb, and 2.1% for the control, demonstrating the antitumor effects of anti-HER2+CD16 scAb. In an antibody-expressing cell transplantation model, the inhibitory effects of this antibody on HTB131 cell establishment were observed. In conclusion, the establishment of breast cancer cells in the peritoneum was inhibited by the transplantation of antibody-expressing cells. Since this method requires cell transplantation only once, the drug cost may be reduced.
Catalogue of the Polynesian Mitradae, with remarks on their geographical range, station, and descriptions of supposed new species (1880)

Volume: 3
Temperature-Compensated Long Period Grating Chemical Sensor (1997)

Long Period Gratings (LPGs) in a single-mode fiber, whose period is on the order of hundreds of microns, couples light from the forward-propagating mode into several forward-propagating cladding modes.
β-Ketoalkylthioacrylic acid derivatives as precursors of thiophenes, thiazolines, and thienopyrimidines (1970)

Reactions of sodium salts of substituted 3-amino-2-cyano-3-thioacrylic esters and amides with α-halomethylketones were studied. Conditions were found which led to the synthesis of either 5-acyl-2,4-diaminothiophene-3-carboxylic esters and amides or thiazoline-Δ 2α -acetic esters and amides. Some thiophene-3-carboxamides were also transformed into thienopyrimidines upon acetylation.
Combining Expert Neural Networks Using Reinforcement Feedback for Learning Primitive Grasping Behavior (2004)

This paper present an architecture for combining a mixture of experts. The architecture has two unique features: 1) it assumes no prior knowledge of the size or structure of the mixture and allows the number of experts to dynamically expand during training, and 2) reinforcement feedback is used to guide the combining/expansion operation. The architecture is particularly suitable for applications when there is a need to approximate a many-to-many mapping. An example of such a problem is the task of training a robot to grasp arbitrarily shaped objects. This task requires the approximation of a many-to-many mapping, since various configurations can be used to grasp an object, and several objects can share the same grasping configuration. Experiments in a simulated environment using a 28-object database showed how the algorithm dynamically combined and expanded a mixture of neural networks to achieve the learning task. The paper also presents a comparison with two other nonlearning approaches.
Detecting arcing downed-wires using fault current flicker and half-cycle asymmetry (1994)

The downed-wires problem, known as high impedance faults, is described. A high voltage laboratory setup was devised to investigate the phenomenon. The laboratory model results agreed with field test results, and previous research efforts. The arcing fault model was justified. The setup was used as a source of fault current signal. A simple approach was taken to design an arcing fault detector. The algorithm utilizes the random behavior of the fault current. It compares the positive and negative current peaks in one cycle to those in the next cycle to measure the flicker in the current signal. The asymmetry of the current is calculated by comparing the positive peak to the negative peak, for each cycle: the moving window length is half a cycle. Both values are used as a signature of arcing. The result is filtered and compared with a suitable detection threshold. The algorithm was tested by traces of normal load, and no-load current disturbed by currents of faults on dry and wet soil, arc welders, computers, and fluorescent light loads, as well as short circuit currents. The algorithm performed well under the test conditions, except for the arc welder load. This load is also a source of insecurity for other algorithms. The detection criterion will be integrated with another detection method to improve the security during arcing load events.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of the ferroelectric switching process and dopant-dependent switching properties in orthorhombic HfO2: A first principles insight (2014)

The origin of the ferroelectric polarization switching in orthorhombic HfO2 has been investigated by first principles calculations. The phenomenon can be regarded as being the coordinated displacement of four O ions in the orthorhombic unit cell, which can lead to a saturated polarization as high as 53 μC/cm2. We show the correlation between the computed polarization reversal barrier and the experimental coercive fields.
Serine Proteases Affecting Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis from Snake Venoms (2005)

Snake venom proteases, in addition to their contribution to the digestion of the prey, affect various physiological functions. They affect platelet aggregation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement system, blood pressure and nervous system. This review provides a ready reference for serine proteases that interfere in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. They exhibit their activity by activation of specific zymogens of coagulation factors. These serine proteases serve as tools to study molecular details in the activation of specific factors involved in coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades and are useful in treating various thrombotic and hemostatic conditions.
Self-assembly behaviors of molecular designer functional RADA16-I peptides: influence of motifs, pH, and assembly time (2016)

In the current study, we present three designer self-assembling peptides (SAPs) by appending RADA 16-I with epitopes IKVAV, RGD, and YIGSR, which have different net charges and amphiphilic properties at neutral pH. The self-assembly of the designer SAPs is intensively investigated as a function of pH, canion type, and assembly time. The morphologies of the designer SAPs were studied by atomic force microscope. The secondary structure was investigated by circular dichroism. The dynamic viscoelasticity of designer SAP solutions was examined during titration with different alkaline reagents. Our study indicated that both electrostatic and hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions of the motifs exhibited influences on the self-assembly, consequentially affecting the fiber morphologies and rheological properties. Moreover, NaOH induced a quicker assembly/reassembly of the designer SAPs than Tris because of its strong ionic strength. Therefore, our study gained comprehensive insight into the self-assembling mechanism as references for developing RADA 16-I-based functional SAPs.
Development of Operating Temperature Prediction Method Using Thermophysical Properties Change of Thermal Barrier Coatings (2004)

Abstract Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have become an indispensable technology as the temperature of turbine inlet gas has increased. TBCs reduce the temperature of the base metal, but a reduction of internal pores by sintering occurs when using TBCs, and so the thermal barrier performance of TBCs is deteriorated. This in turn increases the temperature of the base metal and could shorten its lifespan. The authors have already clarified by laboratory acceleration tests that the deterioration of the thermal barrier performance of TBCs is caused by a decrease in the noncontact area that exists inside TBCs. This noncontact area is a slit space that exists between thin layers and is formed when TBCs are coated. This paper examines the relations between the decrease of the noncontact area and the exposure conditions, by measuring the thermal conductivity and the porosity of TBCs exposed to the temperatures that exist in an actual gas turbine, and derives the correlation with exposure conditions. As a result, very high correlations were found between the thermal conductivity and exposure conditions of TBCs, and between the porosity and exposure conditions. A very high correlation was also found between the thermal conductivity and porosity of TBCs. In addition, techniques for predicting TBC operating temperature were examined by using these three correlations. The correlation of diameter and exposure conditions of the gamma prime phase, which exists in nickel base super alloys, is used as a general method for predicting the temperature of parts in hot gas paths. This paper proposes two kinds of operating temperature prediction methods, which are similar to this general method. The first predicts the operating temperature from thermal conductivity measurements of TBCs before and after use, and the second predicts the operating temperature from thermal conductivity measurements of TBCs after use and porosity measurements before use. The TBC operating temperatures of a combustor that had been used for 12,000 hours with an actual E-class gas turbine were predicted by these two methods. The advantage of these methods is that the temperature of all parts with TBC can be predicted.
Elevated Plasma Levels of Crosslinked Fibrinogen Gamma-chain Dimer Indicate Cancer-related Fibrin Deposition and Fibrinolysis (2001)

Cancer-related fibrin deposition and fibrinolysis were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of human solid tumor and effusion specimen in addition to plasma samples. Fibrinogen gamma-chain dimer indicating fibrin deposition and plasmin-generated fibrinogen beta-chain fragments were identified in various solid tumor types by amino acid sequencing, mass spectrometry analysis and Western blotting. In tumor-associated effusions, these techniques allowed to observe plasmin-generated fragments of fibrinogen alpha, beta and gamma-chains in addition to elevated levels of acute-phase proteins. Similar observations were made in case of inflammation-associated effusions. No fibrin degradation product was observed in plasma samples, however, high amounts of fibrinogen gamma-chain dimer crosslinked by transglutaminase were detected in plasma from tumor patients, but not in plasma from controls and patients suffering acute infections and/or inflammations. This finding demonstrated that high transglutaminase activity may be associated with cancer. The presented data indicate that the amount of crosslinked fibrinogen gamma-chain dimer in plasma may correlate with tumor-associated fibrin deposition. The tumor-biological relevance of this potential marker protein is discussed.
Seeded Growth of Monodisperse Gold Nanorods Using Bromide-Free Surfactant Mixtures (2013)

We demonstrate for the first time that monodisperse gold nanorods (NRs) with broadly tunable dimensions and longitudinal surface plasmon resonances can be synthesized using a bromide-free surfactant mixture composed of alkyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium oleate. It is found that uniform gold NRs can be obtained even with an iodide concentration approaching 100 μM in the growth solution. In contrast to conventional wisdom, our results provide conclusive evidence that neither bromide as the surfactant counterion nor a high concentration of bromide ions in the growth solution is essential for gold NR formation. Correlated electron microscopy study of three-dimensional structures of gold NRs reveals a previously unprecedented octagonal prismatic structure enclosed predominantly by high index {310} crystal planes. These findings should have profound implications for a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of seeded growth of anisotropic metal nanocrystals.
Dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid: A new hexadecanoid signal in the jasmonate family (1997)

Jasmonic acid and its precursors are potent regulatory molecules in plants. We devised a method for the simultaneous extraction of these compounds from plant leaves to quantitate changes in the levels of jasmonate family members during health and on wounding. During our study, we identified a novel 16-carbon cyclopentenoic acid in leaf extracts from Arabidopsis and potato. The new compound, a member of the jasmonate family of signals, was named dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid was not detected in the Arabidopsis mutant fad5, which is incapable of synthesizing 7Z,10Z, 13Z-hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3), suggesting that the metabolite is derived directly from plastid 16:3 rather than by beta-oxidation of the 18-carbon 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Simultaneous quantitation of jasmonate family members in healthy leaves of Arabidopsis and potato suggest that different plant species have different relative levels of jasmonic acid, oxo-phytodienoic acid, and dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid. We term these profiles "oxylipin signatures." Dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid levels increased dramatically in Arabidopsis and potato leaves on wounding, suggesting roles in wound signaling. Treatment of Arabidopsis with micromolar levels of dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid increased the ability of leaf extracts to transform linoleic acid into the alpha-ketol 13-hydroxy-12-oxo-9(Z) octadecenoic acid indicating that the compound can regulate part of its own biosynthetic pathway. Tightly regulated changes in the relative levels of biologically active jasmonates may permit sensitive control over metabolic, developmental, and defensive processes in plants.
Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Cytoplasmic and Transmembrane Domains Are Not Essential for Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Infection (1999)

Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) from which the cytoplasmic domain had been deleted and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored CAR lacking both transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains were both capable of facilitating adenovirus 5-mediated gene delivery and infection by coxsackievirus B3. These results indicate that the CAR extracellular domain is sufficient to permit virus attachment and entry and that the presence of a GPI anchor does not prevent infection.
Shared memory systems on the Futurebus (1988)

The use of a cache memory on the Futurebus is discussed. An explanation of how these memories work and of cache coherence is given. The MOESI model of cache data is examined. A system of Futurebus modules interacting in the sharing of a single cache line is investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A hierarchically controlled, sensory interactive robot in the automated manufacturing research facility (2005)

The National Bureau of Standards, Center for Manufacturing Engineering is implementing an experimental factory called the Automated Manufacturing Research Facility (AMRF). The AMRF will operate as a small batch machine shop and is currently configured with three machining workstations, a cleaning and deburring workstation and an inspection workstation. Each of these workstations will employ robotic material handling including machine loading and unloading. At present each workstation is at a different stage of completion. The "Horizontal Workstation" which contains a horizontal-spindle N.C. machine tool and one material handling robot has been completely integrated. The material handling robot is a Cincinnati Milacron T3 (hydraulic) which has been enhanced to meet the requirements of the AMRF. This robot has been equipped with a hierarchical robot control system, a 3-D vision system, a watchdog safety system and an instrumented, servo controlled gripper, all of which were developed at the National Bureau of Standards. Each of these systems is described individually together with a description of the enhanced capabilities of the robot with these systems operating as an integrated package.
A diffusion model for the internal photoresponse of PtSi/<i>p</i>-Si Schottky barrier diodes (1989)

A one-dimensional diffusion model describing the variation of the internal photoyield per absorbed photon of thin-film platinum silicide/p-type silicon Schottky barrier diodes with silicide layer thickness and incident photon energy is developed. In addition to providing a simple result, the diffusion formulation of the problem shows very clearly the relative importance of scattering processes and the barrier transmission probability in the determination of the device photoresponse. The model is demonstrated to accurately describe the available experimental data if the inelastic scattering length in the thin PtSi film is assumed to be ∼4000 Å. The application of this model in conjunction with optical absorption calculations to determine the total quantum yield per incident photon and the optimum silicide thickness as a function of wavelength are also described. This procedure predicts optimum film thicknesses on the order of tens of angstroms, coinciding with experimental observations.
Structure and Properties of Polymer Interphases. (1986)

The structure of polymer interphases in adhesive joints has been determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and internal reflection infrared spectroscopy. When an epoxy adhesive was cured against 2024 aluminum using a polyamine curing agent, the amount of crosslinking in the adhesive adjacent to the oxide was significantly higher than in the bulk adhesive due to catalysis of the curing reaction by hydroxyl groups present on the oxidized surface of the aluminum and to protonation of the amino groups on the polyamine curing agent. When an epoxy adhesive was cured against titanium that had been pre-treated with dilute aqueous solution of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane gamma-APS), the structure of the interphase depended on the curing agent. With tertiary amine salt curing agents, there was little interdiffusion of the silane and the epoxy and the interphase consisted mostly of a siloxane polymer. When anhydride curing agents were used, there was considerable interdiffusion of the silane and the epoxy and the silane reacted with the curing agent to form an interphase that contained amide and a few imide groups. Metal substrates were found to have a significant effect on the structure of the silane primer. When gamma-APS films were deposited on iron or titanium and then dried at 110 C, the silane polymerized to form siloxane polymers. The amino groups in the siloxane polymers absorted carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere to form amine bicarbonates salts.
Carcinogenic nitrogen compounds. Part LXXIV. Skraup and Combes–Beyer reactions with 3-aminocarbazoles; a new route to pyrido[3,2′b]carbazoles (1972)

3-Amino-9-ethyl- and 3-amino-9-ethyl-6-methyl-carbazole follow Marckwald's rule in the Skraup reaction, to give derivatives of 7H-pyrido[2,3-c]carbazole; in contrast, the same amines undergo anti-Marckwald cyclisations in the Combes–Beyer reaction, to give derivatives of the linear 6H-pyrido[3,2-b]carbazole, which are analogues of the carcinostatic alkaloid ellipticine.
Compiler and runtime support for structuredd and block structured applications (1993)

Scientific and engineering applications often involve structured meshes. These meshes may be nested (for multigrid or adaptive codes) and/or irregularly coupled (called Irregularly Coupled Regular Meshes). The authors have designed and implemented a runtime library for parallelizing this general class of applications on distributed memory parallel machines in an efficient and machine independent manner. They show how this runtime library can be integrated with compilers for high performance Fortran (HPF) style parallel programming languages. They discuss how they integrated this runtime library with the Fortran 90D compiler being developed at Syracuse University and provide experimental data on a block structured Navier-Stokes solver template and a small multigrid example parallelized using this compiler and run on an Intel iPSC/860. The compiler parallelized code performs within 20% of the code parallelized by inserting calls to the runtime library manually.
Degree of Compatibility (2016)

The document defines the terms most commonly encountered in the field of polymer blends and composites. The scope has been limited to mixtures in which the components differ in chemical composition or molar mass and in which the continuous phase is polymeric. Incidental thermodynamic descriptions are mainly limited to binary mixtures although, in principle, they could be generalized to multicomponent mixtures.