gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mission operations with an autonomous agent (2002)

The Remote Agent (RA) is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system which automates some of the tasks normally reserved for human mission operators and performs these tasks autonomously on-board the spacecraft. These tasks include activity generation, sequencing, spacecraft analysis, and failure recovery. The RA will be demonstrated as a flight experiment on Deep Space One (DS1), the first deep space mission of the NASA's New Millennium Program (NMP). As we moved from prototyping into actual flight code development and teamed with ground operators, we made several major extensions to the RA architecture to address the broader operational context in which RA would be used. These extensions support ground operators and the RA sharing a long-range mission profile with facilities for asynchronous ground updates; support ground operators monitoring and commanding the spacecraft at multiple levels of detail simultaneously; and enable ground operators to provide additional knowledge to the RA, such as parameter updates, model updates, and diagnostic information, without interfering with the activities of the RA or leaving the system in an inconsistent state. The resulting architecture supports incremental autonomy, in which a basic agent can be delivered early and then used in an increasingly autonomous manner over the lifetime of the mission. It also supports variable autonomy, as it enables ground operators to benefit from autonomy when they want it, but does not inhibit them from obtaining a detailed understanding and exercising tighter control when necessary. These issues are critical to the successful development and operation of autonomous spacecraft.
Target chambers for megajoule laser facilities (2002)

The authors present a 5-m-radius, 2.5-cm-wall-thickness target chamber designed to withstand buckling, impulse, and pressure loads in a 1-2-MJ laser fusion facility. Although the maximum expected fusion yield is <30 MJ, yields up to approximately 500 MJ are possible without exceeding allowable stresses. No wall ablation is expected unless the energy in the target chamber exceeds 1.2 MJ; this minimizes damage to optics and diagnostics caused by condensation during low-yield shots. The facility can illuminate indirect drive targets with good uniformity when either all or only a portion of 288 beamlets are operational. Direct drive targets can be illuminated by up to 72 beamlets in a separate target chamber. Sacrificial silica debris shields, with approximately 10-torr precharge of incondensable gas in the beam tubes, are used for protection of the final optics. The target chamber room has a 1-2-m-thick water neutron shield.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectral domain second-harmonic optical coherence tomography (2005)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides micrometer-scale structural imaging by coherent detection of backscattered light. Molecular contrast in OCT has been demonstrated using transient absorption, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and second-harmonic (SH) generation. The sensitivity of molecular contrast signals can be enhanced by use of Fourier domain techniques. We have constructed a spectrometer-based Fourier domain SH-OCT system for simultaneous acquisition of the fundamental and SH signals. We report a >30 dB increase in SH sensitivity over a similar time domain SH-OCT system and demonstrate contrast between cartilage and bone using collagen as the contrast agent.
Low Temperature Operability Limits of Late Model Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks and the Effect Operability Additives and Changes to the Fuel Delivery System Have on Low Temperature Performance (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine manufacturers have raised concerns at recent industry meetings regarding the effect that 2 mm porosity filters will have on low temperature operability. An All Weather Chassis Dynamometer (AWCD) program was carried out to address this concern and to extend our general knowledge of low temperature additive performance in 1998/9 model year Heavy Duty Trucks. Known laboratory tests were also evaluated as to their ability to predict vehicle performance. Four trucks equipped with Cummins M11, Detroit Diesel Series 60, Caterpillar C12 (Southern), and Caterpillar C12 (Northern) engines were leased and fitted appropriately to measure their performance under low temperature conditions using Imperial Oil's AWCD in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. Commercial Low Sulfur No. 2 and Low Sulfur No. 1 diesel fuels were purchased, and a series of blends were prepared representing fuels that would typically be sold during the winter. Two Low Temperature Operability Additives were used to generate response curves using standard European and North American laboratory tests. The primary laboratory tests used were cloud point, Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) and Low Temperature Flow Test (LTFT). Treat rates were chosen to provide approximately 10°C of response below untreated base fuel cloud point. The treated and untreated fuels represented a range of performance from -17°C to -38°C. The fuels were then tested in the AWCD to determine the lowest operating temperatures for each fuel in each vehicle for comparison to the lab test results.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Additionally, where appropriate, recommended fuel filters were replaced with a 2 mm porosity fuel filter to determine the impact of these filters on low temperature limits. In other cases, fuel heaters or Electronic Control Modules (ECM) were bypassed to determine their effect on vehicle low temperature performance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results from this study indicate that vehicle low temperature severity is increasing compared to past studies. Bypassing the ECM had no impact on performance, but bypassing the fuel heater, as one would expect, had a negative effect on operation. The 2 mm filter had significant negative effect on low temperature performance depending on engine type and filter location in the fuel delivery system. Additives significantly lowered the operability temperature limits, but the increasing severity of engine and fuel system design suggests low temperature additive development must continue to focus on meeting the current and future engine and fuel delivery system design requirements. The LTFT, which was designed for heavy-duty truck application, provided the best prediction of low temperature performance when additives are used.</div>
Block Classification of a Web Page by Using a Combination of Multiple Classifiers (2008)

Recently, researchers have been actively studying on Web mining with various data in the World Wide Web. Since Web pages are generally semi-structured, which makes it difficult to identify informative blocks, techniques of content detection by removing unnecessary data (e.g. advertisements) from the Web pages become important. Generally a Web page consists of many blocks containing various data and structural information. In this paper, we propose a method that classifies the blocks of a Web page into an appropriate category by building a Tree Alignment model representing HTML structure and a Vector model representing the features of the blocks. Web sites normally have their own templates and the blocks may be related to different categories even though they are located in the same position in the Web browser or are structurally similar. Hence it is difficult to classify the blocks into accurate categories through building one classifier. To solve the problem, in our approach, multiple classifiers are built, one for each training domain, and the block classification proceeds through combining them.
The ADAMTS metalloproteinases (2005)

The ADAMTSs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) are a group of proteases that are found both in mammals and invertebrates. Since the prototype ADAMTS-1 was first described in 1997, there has been a rapidly expanding body of literature describing this gene family and the proteins they encode. The complete human family has 19 ADAMTS genes, together with three members of a newly identified subgroup, the ADAMTSL (ADAMTS-like) proteins, which have several domains in common with the ADAMTSs. The ADAMTSs are extracellular, multidomain enzymes whose known functions include: (i) collagen processing as procollagen N-proteinase; (ii) cleavage of the matrix proteoglycans aggrecan, versican and brevican; (iii) inhibition of angiogenesis; and (iv) blood coagulation homoeostasis as the von Willebrand factor cleaving protease. Roles in organogenesis, inflammation and fertility are also apparent. Recently, some ADAMTS genes have been found to show altered expression in arthritis and various cancers. This review highlights progress in understanding the structural organization and functional roles of the ADAMTSs in normal and pathological conditions.
Catching elephants with mice (2007)

We propose a scalably efficient scheme for detecting large-scale physically-correlated events in sensor networks. Specifically, we show that in a network of n sensors arbitrarily distributed in the plane, a sample of O(1/ε log 1/ε) sensor nodes (mice) is sufficient to catch any, and only those, events that affect Ω(εn) nodes (elephants), for any 0 < ε < 1, as long as the geometry of the event has a bounded Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension. In fact, the scheme is provably able to estimate the size of an event within the approximation error of ±εn/4, which can be improved further at the expense of more mice. The detection algorithm itself requires knowledge of the event geometry (e.g. circle, ellipse, or rectangle) for the sake of computational efficiency, but the combinatorial bound on the sample size (set of mice) depends only on the VC dimension of the event class and not the precise shape geometry.
Epithelial Thickness Profile as a Method to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Collagen Cross-Linking Treatment After Corneal Ectasia (2010)

Epithelial thickness maps provide useful information for monitoring the progression of corneal ectasia after corneal collagen CXL, showing in this case, at least no further progression of the ectasia.
[Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of processed products of gamboge]. (1996)

The acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of processed and raw Gamboge were compared. The results showed that the acute toxicity of processed Gamboge was less than that of the raw one, while both had significant anti-inflammatory effect alike. Among the differently processed products, those boiled with lotus leaf juice and steamed by high pressure were better.
How Does Plant Cell Wall Nanoscale Architecture Correlate with Enzymatic Digestibility? (2012)

Greater understanding of the mechanisms contributing to chemical and enzymatic solubilization of plant cell walls is critical for enabling cost-effective industrial conversion of cellulosic biomass to biofuels. Here, we report the use of correlative imaging in real time to assess the impact of pretreatment, as well as the resulting nanometer-scale changes in cell wall structure, upon subsequent digestion by two commercially relevant cellulase systems. We demonstrate that the small, noncomplexed fungal cellulases deconstruct cell walls using mechanisms that differ considerably from those of the larger, multienzyme complexes (cellulosomes). Furthermore, high-resolution measurement of the microfibrillar architecture of cell walls suggests that digestion is primarily facilitated by enabling enzyme access to the hydrophobic cellulose face. The data support the conclusion that ideal pretreatments should maximize lignin removal and minimize polysaccharide modification, thereby retaining the essentially native microfibrillar structure.
Metabolism of arachidonic acid in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Structural analysis of novel hydroxylated compounds. (1979)

Arachidonic acid was incubated with rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (glycogen-induced) and compounds obtained from ether extractions were fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography. A fraction containing several unidentified metabolites of arachidonic acid was analyzed by reversed phase-high pressure liquid chromatography. The metabolites were esterified and further purified by silicic acid high pressure liquid chromatography. The structures of the pure compounds were elucidated by infrared and ultraviolet spectrometry, ozonolysis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following novel compounds were identified: Compound 1, 5S, 12R-dihydroxy-(E,E,E,Z)-6,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid; Compound 2, 5S, 12S-dihydroxy-(E,E,E,Z)-6,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid; Compound 3, 5, 6-dihydroxy-7,9,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid; Compound 4, a diastereoisomer of the latter. Evidence for the occurrence of the delta-lactone forms of the 5,12-dihydroxy acids is also presented.
Trends in molecular design strategies for ambient stable n-channel organic field effect transistors (2017)

This review highlights recent advancement in developing ambient stable organic molecular semiconductors from the theoretical and experimental perspectives.
Synthesis of the hardware/software interface in microcontroller-based systems (1992)

A tool that automates the synthesis of the hardware/software interface between a microcontroller and the devices it controls is described. Optimizations of the synthesis process focus primarily on the minimization of interface hardware and also the code size of the device driver routines. This interface synthesis problem is specified and the data structures used to represent the microcontroller, devices, and hardware and software primitives are described. The port allocation algorithm is presented and the features of this interface synthesis tool are highlighted with two practical examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Anatomy of a High-Performance Microprocessor: A Systems Perspective (1998)

Microprocessor Platforms and Systems a Microarchitecture Case Study the K6 3D Microarchitecture Technology Components of Platform Architecture Platform Memory Technology Platfrom Optimization Techniques and Directions. (Part contents)
Ion Beam Exposure of Polymer Resist PMMA (1984)

Ion beam exposure characteristics of a positive polymer resist, polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) have been investigated. The samples were irradiated with B+ ions in the energy range of 20–160 keV, the ion dose varying between and . In the energy range considered, beam sensitivity and resist contrast were found to be between and 2.3–2.5, respectively. An empirical formula is proposed to approximate the characteristic dissolution curves (thickness removed vs. dissolution time). The empirical values agree with the experimental results within an accuracy better than 12%. A procedure is described whereby the total number of scission chain fragments as a function of resist depth may be extracted from the experimental curves.
DNA Vaccine Construct Incorporating Intercellular Trafficking and Intracellular Targeting Motifs Effectively Primes and Induces Memory B- and T-Cell Responses in Outbred Animals (2007)

We developed a vaccine construct in which a BVP22 domain and an invariant-chain major histocompatibility complex class II-targeting motif capable of enhancing dendritic cell antigen uptake and presentation were fused to a sequence encoding a B- and T-cell antigen from the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and tested whether this construct would prime and expand immune responses in outbred calves. A single inoculation with this construct effectively primed the immune responses, as demonstrated by a significant enhancement of CD4(+) T-cell proliferation compared to that in calves identically inoculated but inoculated with a DNA construct lacking the targeting domains and compared to that in calves inoculated with an empty vector. These proliferative responses were mirrored by priming and expansion of gamma interferon-positive CD4(+) T cells and immunoglobulin G responses against the linked B-cell epitope. Priming by the single immunization induced memory that underwent rapid recall following reexposure to the antigen. These results demonstrate that DNA vaccines targeting key intercellular and intracellular events significantly enhance priming and expansion and support the feasibility of single-dose DNA immunization in outbred populations.
Microstructural Control of Self‐Setting Particle‐Stabilized Ceramic Foams (2010)

The ability to tailor the microstructure of porous ceramics is essential in order to fulfill the requirements of various applications. Depending on the use of porous ceramics, microstructures with open or closed pores, adjustable pore sizes, and a possible self‐setting ability of the wet foam are required. We present a direct foaming method to synthesize self‐setting foams with controlled microstructures, based on our previous studies on particle‐stabilized foams. For the experimental set‐up, alumina particles were partially hydrophobized with propyl gallate and the resulting suspensions were combined with a calcium aluminate cement reaction. Pore size and the fraction of open pores can be controlled by the particle concentration and the setting rate of the cement reaction. As a result, self‐setting ceramic–cement composites with porosities ranging from 40 to 95 vol% and closed as well as open pores with sizes between 30 μm and 1 mm were achieved. Compared with other methods used to produce self‐setting inorganic macroporous materials, foams made with this method cover a wider pore size and porosity range and reach higher total porosities.
A Nonlinear Approach to Brain Function: Deterministic Chaos and Sleep EEG (1992)

In order to perform a nonlinear dimensional analysis of the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), we applied an algorithm proposed by Grassberger and Procaccia to calculate the correlation dimension D2 of different sleep stages under Lorazepam medication versus placebo. This correlation dimension characterizes the dynamics of the sleep EEG and it estimates the degrees of freedom of the signal under study. We demonstrate that slow-wave sleep depicts a much smaller dimensionality than light or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and that Lorazepam does not alter the EEG's dimensionality except in stage II and REM.
The Use of Biomedical Sensors to Monitor Capsule Formation Around Soft Tissue Implants (2005)

Piezoelectric sensors have been shown to respond reproducibly to changes in tissue mechanical properties surrounding an implant over a 4-month period. The vibrational amplitude at a frequency corresponding to the radial resonance shows a statistically significant change over time. The initial period of inflammation is marked by a significant reduction in amplitude, which is indicative of an increase in viscous dissipation of the tissue. As collagen displaces the cellular response, the amplitude continues to decrease. Finally, as the tissue matures, the capsule becomes stiffer, and the viscous dissipation lessens. These results are consistent with qualitative assessments of explanted capsules. Strain gauges encased in a monolithic block of silicone exhibited a greater degree of variability, yet show similar trends over time. The strain increases in the initial 4-week period and remains relatively steady over the following 4 weeks. Beyond 8 weeks, the gauges begin to extrude from the animal or suffer a loss of electrical continuity. Steps are being taken to improve the strain sensor longevity in the animals.
A novel synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1,2‐benzisoxazoles — an entry into the isoxazolo[3,4,5‐<i>ef</i>][1,4]benzoxazepine ring system (1989)

Abstract A novel synthesis of 3‐amino‐1,2‐benzisoxazole (3) from 2‐[(isopropylideneamino)oxy]benzonitrile (2) is described. This methodology was used to synthesize 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐1,2‐benzisoxazole (10), which served as an intermediate for a number of isoxazolo[3,4,5‐ ef ][1,4]benzoxazepines.
Single-Molecule Approach to Molecular Biology in Living Bacterial Cells (2008)

Recent developments on fluorescent proteins and microscopy techniques have allowed the probing of single molecules in a living bacterial cell with high specificity, millisecond time resolution, and nanometer spatial precision. Recording movies and analyzing dynamics of individual macromolecules have brought new insights into the mechanisms of many processes in molecular biology, such as DNA-protein interactions, gene regulation, transcription, translation, and replication, among others. Here we review the key methods of single-molecule detection and highlight numerous examples to illustrate how these experiments are contributing to the quantitative understanding of the fundamental processes in a living cell.
Generic Design of Web-Based Clinical Databases (2003)

The Entity-Attribute-Value model is useful for generic design of clinical databases. Depending on the specific requirements of the application, more or less complex metadata models may be applied.
Prediction of peptide structure: How far are we? (2006)

Rational design of peptides is a challenge, which would benefit from a better knowledge of the rules of sequence-structure-function relationships. Peptide structures can be approached by spectroscopy and NMR techniques but data from these approaches too frequently diverge. Structures can also be calculated in silico from primary sequence information using three algorithms: Pepstr, Robetta, and PepLook. The most recent algorithm, PepLook introduces indexes for evaluating structural polymorphism and stability. For peptides with converging experimental data, calculated structures from PepLook and, to a lesser extent from Pepstr, are close to NMR models. The PepLook index for polymorphism is low and the index for stability points out possible binding sites. For peptides with divergent experimental data, calculated and NMR structures can be similar or, can be different. These differences are apparently due to polymorphism and to different conditions of structure assays and calculations. The PepLook index for polymorphism maps the fragments encoding disorder. This should provide new means for the rational design of peptides.