gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Bound Styrene in Raw and Cured Polymers by Nitration (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Bound Styrene in Raw and Cured Polymers by NitrationC. L. HiltonC. L. HiltonMore by C. L. Hilton, J. E. NewellJ. E. NewellMore by J. E. Newell, and Jacob TolsmaJacob TolsmaMore by Jacob TolsmaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 5, 915–917Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60149a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60149a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Independent Inhibition of Alzheimer Disease β- and γ-Secretase Cleavage by Lowered Cholesterol Levels (2008)

The major molecular risk factor for Alzheimer disease so far identified is the amyloidogenic peptide Abeta(42). In addition, growing evidence suggests a role of cholesterol in Alzheimer disease pathology and Abeta generation. However, the cellular mechanism of lipid-dependent Abeta production remains unclear. Here we describe that the two enzymatic activities responsible for Abeta production, beta-secretase and gamma-secretase, are inhibited in parallel by cholesterol reduction. Importantly, our data indicate that cholesterol depletion within the cellular context inhibits both secretases additively and independently from each other. This is unexpected because the beta-secretase beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme and the presenilin-containing gamma-secretase complex are structurally different from each other, and these enzymes are apparently located in different subcellular compartments. The parallel and additive inhibition has obvious consequences for therapeutic research and may indicate an intrinsic cross-talk between Alzheimer disease-related amyloid precursor protein processing, amyloid precursor protein function, and lipid biology.
Identification and nucleotide sequence analysis of a transfer-related region in the streptococcal conjugative transposon Tn5252 (1994)

To obtain a functional map of Tn5252, a 47.5-kb streptococcal conjugative transposon, a series of defined deletion and insertion mutations were introduced within the transposon. Interruptions at several regions were found to affect the conjugal transposition functions of the element in filter-mating experiments. The nucleotide sequence of the left terminus of Tn5252 showed two open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, adjoining the att site. The organization of this region and the structure of the predicted integrase encoded by ORF1 were found to be similar to those of other site-specific recombination systems.
Adaptive Error Control for Scalable Video Streaming over Wireless Internet (2006)

With the wide deployment of broadband wireless networks around the world, there is a growing interest in wireless personalized video streaming. However, the bit error rate (BER) of wireless networks is much higher than that of wired networks. The high BER, unfortunately, will significantly degrade the visual quality of video streaming. In this paper, we propose an adaptive error control scheme for broadcast-based video-on-demand services. The proposed scheme can adaptively allocate proper forward error correction codes to different video streams according to the measured network conditions, such that the average visual quality of all clients can be maximized.
Research on grounding environment of high altitude buildings in Tibet (2013)

Lightning disaster of buildings is serious in the high altitude area of Tibet. In order to clarify its grounding environment and explore suitable lightning protection and grounding resistance reduction measures,rock samples were taken from the construction site and cylindrical rock samples were taken by rock drilling machine. Then metal electrodes were bonded to the samples' ends surface with conductive glue. Resistivity of rock under different ambient temperature was tested in the DC voltammetry resistance test system using two-pole method. The results showed that: resistivity of granite is great than that of sandstone due to the influence of composition minerals. Rock resistivity will increase with temperature decreasing and influence of positive temperature on rock resistivity is slight while that of negative temperature on rock resistivity is critical. Granite resistivity under-30℃ is 11 times larger than that under 10℃. In general,for the granite rock types,lightning strikes occur in the winter and mainly in the night,grounding environment of the high altitude buildings is very poor.
Controlled deposition of strontium sulphate on behenic acid Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers (1991)

As part of the authors' on-going studies aimed at reaching an understanding of biologically controlled mineralization the precipitation of strontium sulphate has been investigated in the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic behenic acid (CH3(CH2)20COOH) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films by electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The films exhibited most marked effects at low supersaturations and both nucleation and crystal growth processes were affected. In the absence of a film, tabular rhombic crystals are deposited with (001) forming the major growth face. Crystallization in the presence of hydrophobic films at low supersaturations (10 Ksp) produces thin, disc-like crystals which are nucleated on the (010) crystal face of celestite. Hydrophilic substrates of 10 Ksp and 30 Ksp produce open-floret or needle shaped crystals, respectively, deposited on the films. The diffraction patterns obtained from these crystals cannot be assigned using the orthorhombic unit cell of celestite. At higher supersaturations, three-dimensional crystals of celestite based on symmetry related (011) and (210) faces are produced which show little contact with the film surface. Substrate-ion interactions are considered in order to understand the influence of the substrate on crystal nucleation. For precipitation in the presence of the hydrophobic film it is proposed that surface topography directly affects nucleation. For precipitates formed at low supersaturations in the presence of the hydrophilic film there is no direct surface: ion spatial correlation and deformed structures of celestite are observed.
C/C++ Mathematical Algorithms for Scientists and Engineers (1995)

From the Publisher:
Analyze complex numerical data and get the answers you need fast with this time-saving toolbox of powerful C and C++ mathematical routines. All of the programs are written in C, with C++ extensions provided for those cases where using the C++ classes offers a special advantage. The code is compatible with a variety of platforms, including UNIX, Windows, and DOS. Author and programming expert Namir Shammas covers a wide range of popular numerical analysis and statistical topics: solving linear and nonlinear equations; interpolation use methods; differentiation - tools for estimating the derivative of a function; integration - tools for calculating the finite and infinite integrals for functions; optimization of single-variable and multivariable functions; basic statistics; various types of ANOVA tables; linear regression; and multiple and polynomial regression. In addition to providing libraries for common mathematical and statistical functions, Shammas includes pseudo-code for the algorithms used to implement the various methods, allowing you to execute these algorithms in other programming languages, such as BASIC and Pascal.
Mechanisms of immune tolerance to allergens: role of IL-10 and Tregs (2014)

During the past 20 years, major advances have been made in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergen tolerance in humans. The demonstration of T cell tolerance, particularly that mediated by the immune-suppressive functions of IL-10, led to a major conceptual change in this area. Currently, the known essential components of allergen tolerance include the induction of allergen-specific regulatory subsets of T and B cells, the immune-suppressive function of secreted factors, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, the production of IgG4 isotype allergen-specific blocking antibodies, and decreased allergic inflammatory responses by mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils in inflamed tissues.
Evaluation of horizontal and vertical differences in facial profiles by orthodontists and lay people. (1993)

A novel video image processing technique was used to evaluate changes in the facial profile mimicking the effects of various orthognathic surgical techniques. Incremental changes were introduced in male and female images simulating the effects of mandibular advancement or set-back, maxillary advancement or set-back, and maxillary impaction. Twenty-two clinicians and 22 lay people completed questionnaires evaluating their level of sensitivity to changes in the facial profiles and their preferences regarding alternative profiles. The results indicate that in judging realistic color video images, both orthodontists and lay people are sensitive to relatively small horizontal changes in the facial profile. In contrast, orthodontists are less sensitive to relatively large vertical changes but more sensitive to horizontal mandibular changes.
Location of lightning discharges from a single station (1995)

A new computer‐based ELF/VLF system for locating lightning discharges has been developed. Both the arrival azimuths of atmospherics and the distances to their sources are estimated. The direction‐finding technique uses the Poynting vector calculated directly in the time domain over the full band pass of the receiver. Both the distance of the lightning discharge and the ionospheric height can be estimated from the phase spectrum of the first‐order mode of the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. The latter is approximated with a model function having the distance and the height as the main parameters. Two ways were applied to obtain the spectrum of the first mode: the radial component of the horizontal magnetic field was used, which contains only a minor component of the zeroth mode, or the mode decomposition problem was solved. The system has been used to locate lightning sources in Africa and Asia from a scientific vessel during its voyage in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in 1991. The overall uncertainties are estimated to be a few degrees for the source bearing, 5% for distance, and 1% for the effective height of the ionosphere; yet these estimates need an additional confirmation by comparison with independent and more exact techniques.
STUDIES ON THE HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS OF HUMAN ORIGIN (1935)

1. Anantiserum which specifically protects mice against a virulent culture (M variant) of the hemolytic streptococcus contains specific opsonin. Phagocytosis of the organisms can be observed in the peritoneum of the protected mouse. 2. An antiserum prepared by injecting an animal with the living M variant specifically opsonizes both the F and the M variant of the strain. 3. Evidence is presented which indicates the probable identity of the specific opsonin and the anti-M precipitin of Lancefield (7). Agglutination appears to be dependent upon a different antibody. 4. It is possible to type the hemolytic streptococci by means of specific opsonins, and the opsonic method has certain advantages over agglutination, precipitation, and mouse protection tests. It is evident from what little has been done that there are many types. 5. The serum of infants contains no opsonin for the virulent hemolytic streptococci, but the serum of adults may contain specific opsonins for certain strains. Inasmuch as no opsonins were demonstrable in two polyvalent antibacterial sera examined, the possibilities of therapeutic transfusion are discussed.
A partial order approach to branching time logic model checking (2002)

Partial order techniques enable reducing the size of the state graph used for model checking, thus alleviating the 'state space explosion' problem. These reductions are based on selecting a subset of the enabled operations from each program state. So far, these methods have been studied, implemented and demonstrated for assertional languages that model the executions of a program as computation sequences, in particular the logic LTL (linear temporal logic). The paper shows, for the first time, how this approach can be applied to languages that model the behavior of a program as a tree. We study here partial order reductions for branching temporal logics, e.g., the logics CTL and CTL* (all logics with the next-time operator removed) and process algebras such as CCS. Conditions on the subset of successors from each node to guarantee reduction that preserves CTL properties are given. Provided experimental results show that the reduction is substantial.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy-Bounded Caging: Formal Definition and 2-D Energy Lower Bound Algorithm Based on Weighted Alpha Shapes (2016)

Caging grasps are valuable as they can be robust to bounded variations in object shape and pose, do not depend on friction, and enable transport of an object without full immobilization. Complete caging of an object is useful but may not be necessary in cases where forces such as gravity are present. This letter extends caging theory by defining energy-bounded cages with respect to an energy field such as gravity. This letter also introduces energy-bounded-cage-analysis-2-D (EBCA-2-D), a sampling-based algorithm for planar analysis that takes as input an energy function over poses, a polygonal object, and a configuration of rigid fixed polygonal obstacles, e.g., a gripper, and returns a lower bound on the minimum escape energy. In the special case when the object is completely caged, our approach is independent of the energy and can provably verify the cage. EBCA-2-D builds on recent results in collision detection and the computational geometric theory of weighted α-shapes and runs in O(s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> + sn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) time where s is the number of samples, n is the total number of object and obstacle vertices, and typically n <;<; s. We implemented EBCA-2-D and evaluated it with nine parallel-jaw gripper configurations and four nonconvex obstacle configurations across six nonconvex polygonal objects. We found that the lower bounds returned by EBCA-2-D are consistent with intuition, and we verified the algorithm experimentally with Box2-D simulations and RRT* motion planning experiments that were unable to find escape paths with lower energy. EBCA2-D required an average of 3 min per problem on a single-core processor but has potential to be parallelized in a cloud-based implementation. Additional proofs, data, and code are available at: http://berkeleyautomation.github.io/caging/.
AUDIT OF ONCE‐DAILY DOSING GENTAMICIN THERAPY IN NEUTROPENIC FEVER (1997)

During a 12-month study, 42 adult patients with febrile neutropenia (granulocytes < 1 x 10(9)/l) were treated with once-daily gentamicin (5 mg/kg). Serum gentamicin trough levels were measured 24 hours after the first dose, then twice weekly if < 1 mg/l. Gentamicin was halved if the trough level was 1-2 mg/l and usually stopped if > 2 mg/l. One hundred and sixty samples were assayed: 122 (76%) < 1 mg/l, 27 (17%) l-2 mg/l and 11 (7%) > 2 mg/l. All 1-2 mg/l samples and three of the > 2 mg/l samples (taken at the wrong time) reverted to <1 mg/l with dosage adjustment. The protocol proved simple and effective with a low incidence of gentamicin-associated nephrotoxicity (7%) and no sepsis-related deaths.
Agriculture in the developing world: Connecting innovations in plant research to downstream applications (2005)

Enhancing agricultural productivity in those areas of the world bypassed by the Green Revolution will require new approaches that provide incentives and funding mechanisms that promote the translation of new innovations in plant science into concrete benefits for poor farmers. Through better dialogue, plant breeders and laboratory scientists from both the public and private-sectors need to find solutions for the key constraints to crop production, many of which center around abiotic and biotic stresses. The revolution in plant genomics has opened up new perspectives and opportunities for plant breeders who can now apply molecular markers to assess and enhance diversity in their germplasm collections, to introgress valuable traits from new sources, and to identify genes that control key traits. Functional genomics is also providing another powerful route to the identification of such genes. The ability to introgress beneficial genes under the control of specific promoters through transgenic approaches is yet one more stepping stone in the path to targeted approaches to crop improvement, and the new sciences have identified a vast array of genes that have exciting potential for crop improvement. For a few crops with viable markets, such as maize and cotton, some of the traits developed by the private sector are already showing benefits for farmers of the developing world, but the public sector will need to develop new skills and overcome a number of hurdles to carry out similar efforts for other crops and traits useful to very poor farmers.
Adjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients (1995)

To determine improved postresection survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, two postoperative protocols were compared: adoptive chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy. Following resection, 24 patients were allocated at random to receive (1) arterial infusion of Adriamycin, recombinant interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells or (2) arterial infusion of Adriamycin alone. The spleen was removed at operation and used to prepare lymphokine-activated killer cells. Each group had 12 patients. They were followed until signs of recurrence appeared. The overall survival rates of the patients were 91.7%, 82.9%, and 72.5% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, and slightly higher than would be expected with surgery alone. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups either in the survival rate (generalized Wilcoxon test, P = .936) or in the cumulative disease free rate (P = .182). However, when patients who had had hepatic resection with negative margin (> or = 1 cm) were separated, the 2-year cumulative disease-free rate in the adoptive chemoimmunotherapy was higher (83.3%, n = 6) than that in chemotherapy (37.5%, n = 8). Toxicity to adoptive chemoimmunotherapy was moderate; no severe side effects were observed. Totally no statistical difference between the two groups was found. Although only one of six patients in adoptive chemoimmunotherapy experienced recurrence after hepatic resection with negative margin, it was not feasible to determine the role of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. We conclude that the adoptive chemoimmunotherapy in this study is not an ideal adjuvant protocol after hepatic resection.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Metabolic Stability of Porphyrin−Peptide Conjugates Bearing Bifunctional Signaling Sequences (2008)

A series of four porphyrin-peptide conjugates bearing one linear bifunctional sequence containing a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) were synthesized and their in vitro biological and stability properties investigated. All conjugates accumulated within human HEp2 cells to a significantly higher extent than their porphyrin-PEG precursor, and the extent of their uptake and cytotoxicity depends on the nature and sequence of the amino acids. Conjugates 2 and 5 bearing a NLS-CPP accumulated the most within cells and were the most phototoxic (IC50 approximately 7 microM at 1 J/cm2). All conjugates localized preferentially within the cell lysosomes, and in addition, conjugate 2 was also found in the ER. All conjugates were highly stable under nonenzymatic conditions, but their peptide sequences were cleaved to some extent (ca. 50% after 24 h) by proteolytic enzymes, such as cathepsin B, cathepsin D, prolidase, and plasmin.
Density of molten salt hydrates—experimental data and an empirical correlation (1987)

Abstract The density of molten sodium salt hydrates which are suitable for energy storage applications has been determined by using a modified Sprengel pycnometer. The variation of density as a function of temperature shows linear behaviour. An empirical generalised correlation between reduced parameters of density and temperature is reported. This correlation predicts the density of salt hydrate melts of Na, Ca, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr and Fe ions from the density at the melting point, within an accuracy of ± 0.5 percent, for temperatures from the melting point to about 40 K above the melting point.
Force Required to Break α5β1Integrin-Fibronectin Bonds in Intact Adherent Cells Is Sensitive to Integrin Activation State (1998)

Binding of integrin receptors to extracellular ligands is a complex process involving receptor-ligand interactions at the cell-substrate interface, signals activating the receptors, and assembly of cytoskeletal and adhesion plaque proteins at the cytoplasmic face. To analyze the contribution of these elements to overall cell adhesion, we have developed a model system that characterizes the functional binding characteristic for adhesion receptors as the force required to separate the integrin-ligand bond. A spinning disk device was used to apply a range of controlled hydrodynamic forces to adherent cells. The adhesion of K562 erythroleukemia cells, a cell line expressing a single fibronectin receptor, integrin alpha5beta1, which was uniformly activated with the monoclonal antibody TS2/16, to defined fibronectin surface densities was examined. Cell adhesion strength increased linearly with receptor and ligand densities. Based on chemical equilibrium principles, it is shown that adhesion strength is directly proportional to the number of receptor-ligand bonds. This analysis provides for the definition of a new physical parameter, the adhesion constant psi, which is related to the bond strength and binding equilibrium constant and has units of force-length2. This parameter can be measured by the experimental system presented and is governed by the activation state of integrin receptors. This simplified model isolates the integrin receptor-ligand binding parameters and provides a basis for analysis of the functions of signaling and cytoskeletal elements in the adhesion process.