gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of alpha-fetoprotein gene expression by antagonism between AP-1 and the glucocorticoid receptor at their overlapping binding site (1991)

We show here that the alpha-fetoprotein gene (AFP) promoter can be regulated by AP-1 activity using transient transfection assays. AFP promoter activity induced by c-jun/c-fos can be repressed by cotransfected glucocorticoid receptor. The DNA sequence conferring AP-1 activity was located in the proximal promoter region. Gel retardation assays using the AFP proximal promoter identified an AP-1-like sequence which can bind to bacterially expressed c-jun protein. This AP-1-like element, when cloned into the tk promoter, responds to the AP-1 activity of c-jun/c-fos products in both CV-1 and F-9 cells. The element overlaps with a consensus glucocorticoid-responsive element which was shown to confer negative modulation of AFP promoter activity. A 23-base pair DNA element containing the overlapping glucocorticoid-responsive element and AP-1 sites can be positively regulated by glucocorticoid receptor in the absence of c-jun/c-fos products. When plasmids expressing glucocorticoid receptor, c-jun and c-fos are cotransfected together, they repress each other. Thus, these data demonstrate that negative regulation of the AFP gene by glucocorticoid may be due to the interference of AP-1 activity by glucocorticoid receptor either by direct competition for DNA binding or via protein-protein interaction. They provide another example of transcriptional regulation of developing-associated genes between two major signal transduction pathways in response to extracellular stimuli. This supports the model that expression of alpha-fetoprotein is regulated during development by the effect on transcription of antagonism between glucocorticoid receptor and fos/jun.
Three new speech coders from the ITU cover a range of applications (1997)

Many new speech coding standards have been created in the 10-year period 1987-1996. The author reviews the key attributes that determine what coder to select for different applications. The article then focuses on three new speech coding recommendations from the ITU-T, namely G.723.1, G.729, and Annex A of G.729. They provide good coverage for a wide range of applications that have low bit rate requirements (i.e., from 5.3 to 8 kb/s). In addition to bit rate, the article reviews their delay, complexity, and performance. Also reviewed are the history of these standards, and what considerations influenced the requirements each of these coders had to meet.
Routine Diagnostic X-ray Examinations and Increased Frequency of Chromosome Translocations among U.S. Radiologic Technologists (2008)

The U.S. population has nearly one radiographic examination per person per year, and concern about cancer risks associated with medical radiation has increased. Radiologic technologists were surveyed to determine whether their personal cumulative exposure to diagnostic X-rays was associated with increased frequencies of chromosome translocations, an established radiation biomarker and possible intermediary suggesting increased cancer risk. Within a large cohort of U.S. radiologic technologists, 150 provided a blood sample for whole chromosome painting and were interviewed about past X-ray examinations. The number and types of examinations reported were converted to a red bone marrow (RBM) dose score with units that approximated 1 mGy. The relationship between dose score and chromosome translocation frequency was assessed using Poisson regression. The estimated mean cumulative RBM radiation dose score was 49 (range, 0-303). After adjustment for age, translocation frequencies significantly increased with increasing RBM dose score with an estimate of 0.004 translocations per 100 cell equivalents per score unit (95% confidence interval, 0.002-0.007; P < 0.001). Removing extreme values or adjustment for gender, cigarette smoking, occupational radiation dose, allowing practice X-rays while training, work with radioisotopes, and radiotherapy for benign conditions did not affect the estimate. Cumulative radiation exposure from routine X-ray examinations was associated independently with increased chromosome damage, suggesting the possibility of elevated long-term health risks, including cancer. The slope estimate was consistent with expectation based on cytogenetic experience and atomic bomb survivor data.
C-based behavioral synthesis and verification analysis on industrial design examples (2004)

This paper presents the effects of SoC design with C language-based behavioral synthesis and verification. Initially, the proposed C-based design environment for a large SOC consisting of a hardware and embedded software is explained. Next, the increasse of design productivity by shifting from RTL to behavioral design will be discussed with statistical analysis of several industrial designs. Then, several merits of C-based design are examined using actual chip design results.
Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater Using Oven-Dried Alum Sludge (2012)

The present study deals with the removal of phosphorus from wastewater by using oven-dried alum sludge (ODS) as adsorbent that was collected from Al-Qadisiya treatment plant (Iraq); it was heated in an oven at 105 C for 24 h and then cooled at room temperature. The sludge particles were then crushed to produce a particle size of 0.5-4.75 mm. Two modes of operation are used, batch mode and fixed bed mode, in batch experiment the effect of oven-dried alum sludge doses 10-50 g/L, pH of solution 5-8 with constant initial phosphorus concentration of 5 mg/L, and constant particle size of 0.5 mm were studied. The results showed that the percent removal of phosphorus increases with the increase of oven-dried alum sludge dose, but pH of solution has insignificant effect. Batch kinetics experiments showed that equilibrium time was about 6 days. Adsorption capacity was plotted against equilibrium concentration, and isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Freundlich-Langmuir) were used to correlate these results. In the fixed bed isothermal adsorption column, the effect of initial phosphorus concentration (C o ) 5 and 10 mg/L, particle size 2.36 and 4.75 mm, influent flow rate (Q) 6 and 10 L/hr, and bed depth (H) 0.15-0.415 m were studied. The results showed that the oven-dried alum sludge was effective in adsorbing phosphorus, and percent removal of phosphorus reaches 85% with increasing of contact time and adsorbent surface area (i.e., mass of adsorbent 50 g/L with different pH).
Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology (2009)

The production of environmentally friendly, sustainable, chemical-free food continues to challenge the food industry, spurring on investigations into alternative food processing techniques that are more sophisticated and diverse than current practices. Exploring one of these emerging solutions, Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology: Principles and Applications incorporates the fundamentals of continuous and pulsed UV light generation and propagation; current food regulations; recommendations for optimal UV reactor design, selection, and validation; information on both commercially available and under-development UV sources; and the outlook for future food applications.After reviewing essential terms, definitions, and current applications, the book emphasizes the need to properly assess the physical and chemical properties in foods that influence the effectiveness of UV treatment and impact inactivation kinetics. It also addresses the effects of UV processing on food quality, before considering the engineering aspects of UV light treatment, such as transport phenomena, process calculations, and continuous-flow reactor geometries. The book then describes the principles of validating UV reactors as well as the principles and applications of UV pulsed light, including microbial inactivation in water, meat, fruits, vegetables, and packaging materials.For anyone working in food research, development, and operations, this resource provides broad, accessible information on the science and applications of UV light technology. It shows how UV light irradiation can be used as a physical preservation method in food processing.
Yeast Metallothionein in Transgenic Tobacco Promotes Copper Uptake from Contaminated Soils (2003)

Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding proteins that confer heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in yeast. To augment higher plant metal sequestration, the yeast metallothionein (CUP 1) was introduced into tobacco plants. The CUP 1 gene expression and copper and cadmium phytoextraction were determined. To confirm transformation, selfed and kanamycin-resistant third generation plants were subjected to DNA blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. A 4 mM CuSO(4) stress for 7 days resulted in a decline in CUP 1 transcripts versus nonstress conditions. Despite low mRNA levels, CUP 1 transformants accumulated up to seven times more copper in older versus younger leaves during copper stress. Pooled leaves of transgenic plants grown in soils from copper stamp-sands contained two to three times the copper content as that of the control plants. Unlike some previous reports featuring MT overexpression in plants, CUP 1 seedlings did not significantly sequester or demonstrate tolerance to CdCl(2). Using this transgenic approach, yeast CUP 1 expression under nonstressed conditions contributed to copper metal phytoextraction during a subsequent copper challenge. This strategy could be incorporated into plants designed for enhanced phytoremediation of metal contaminants.
Camelina composite pellet fuels feasibility for residential and commercial applications (2013)

The use of wood pellet fuels for heating homes and buildings has been a mainstay in Montana since the first energy crisis of the 1970's. With the increasing demand placed on wood pellet fuels and a steady decrease in supply, alternatives must be explored. Camelina Sativa, an oilseed crop of the mustard family, is rich in oil and pressed for biodiesel. The bi-product, a waste meal, is being tested for many different applications to increase the value of the crop. This research explores the use of camelina meal in multi-fuel pellet mixtures. The meal has a distinct quality of binding to itself with the addition of water. This unique characteristic, along with the high heat output of the meal when burned, led to the advanced research into camelina's possibility of being a major additive in multi-fuel pellet formulations. Camelina was combined with sawdust at 50% by weight and pressed from a KL Series pelletizer. These pellets were tested by the Minnesota Valley Testing Laboratory in Bismarck, North Dakota, against premium wood pellets and the results were analyzed. The camelina fueled pellets offered a higher heat output than premium wood pellets, but also higher percentages of sulfur and ash. To ensure that camelina could be an additive in multi-fuel pellets, testing was done on two different types of pellet stoves with the use of a Bacharach Environmental Combustion Analyzer 450 to obtain emission values. After comparing the results to premium wood pellets, the study was advanced to other waste products in hopes of offering multiple fuels for Montana, all with camelina as the major supplement. To further extend the study, testing of the 50/50 camelina sawdust mixture was performed on a small industrial pellet boiler at the Townsend Elementary School in Townsend, Montana. The results were compared to a testing firm's results (Bison Engineering) on the current fuel used in the boilers for emissions. Results for both applications indicated that the camelina fueled pellet mixtures would be better suited for small industrial applications such as the one the Townsend Elementary School utilizes.
SnapShot: Visualization to Propel Ice Hockey Analytics (2012)

Sports analysts live in a world of dynamic games flattened into tables of numbers, divorced from the rinks, pitches, and courts where they were generated. Currently, these professional analysts use R, Stata, SAS, and other statistical software packages for uncovering insights from game data. Quantitative sports consultants seek a competitive advantage both for their clients and for themselves as analytics becomes increasingly valued by teams, clubs, and squads. In order for the information visualization community to support the members of this blossoming industry, it must recognize where and how visualization can enhance the existing analytical workflow. In this paper, we identify three primary stages of today's sports analyst's routine where visualization can be beneficially integrated: 1) exploring a dataspace; 2) sharing hypotheses with internal colleagues; and 3) communicating findings to stakeholders.Working closely with professional ice hockey analysts, we designed and built SnapShot, a system to integrate visualization into the hockey intelligence gathering process. SnapShot employs a variety of information visualization techniques to display shot data, yet given the importance of a specific hockey statistic, shot length, we introduce a technique, the radial heat map. Through a user study, we received encouraging feedback from several professional analysts, both independent consultants and professional team personnel.
Near‐Infrared Afterglow Semiconducting Nano‐Polycomplexes for the Multiplex Differentiation of Cancer Exosomes (2019)

The detection of exosomes is promising for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, the development of suitable optical sensors remains challenging. We have developed the first luminescent nanosensor for the multiplex differentiation of cancer exosomes that bypasses real-time light excitation. The sensor is composed of a near-infrared semiconducting polyelectrolyte (ASPN) that forms a complex with a quencher-tagged aptamer. The afterglow signal of the nanocomplex (ASPNC), being initially quenched, is turned on in the presence of aptamer-targeted exosomes. Because detection of the afterglow takes place after the excitation, background signals are minimized, leading to an improved limit of detection that is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of fluorescence detection in cell culture media. Also, ASPNC can be easily tailored to detect different exosomal proteins by changing the aptamer sequence. This enables an orthogonal analysis of multiple exosome samples, potentially permitting an accurate identification of the cellular origin of exosomes for cancer diagnosis.
Selective degradation of mRNAs by the HSV host shutoff RNase is regulated by the U <sub>L</sub> 47 tegument protein (2013)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encodes an endoribonuclease that is responsible for the shutoff of host protein synthesis [virion host shutoff (VHS)-RNase]. The VHS-RNase released into cells during infection targets differentially four classes of mRNAs. Thus, (a) VHS-RNase degrades stable cellular mRNAs and α (immediate early) viral mRNAs; (b) it stabilizes host stress response mRNAs after deadenylation and subsequent cleavage near the adenylate-uridylate (AU)-rich elements; (c) it does not effectively degrade viral β or γ mRNAs; and (d) it selectively spares from degradation a small number of cellular mRNAs. Current evidence suggests that several viral and at least one host protein (tristetraprolin) regulate its activity. Thus, virion protein (VP) 16 and VP22 neutralize the RNase activity at late times after infection. By binding to AU-rich elements via its interaction with tristetraprolin, the RNase deadenylates and cleaves the mRNAs in proximity to the AU-rich elements. In this report we show that another virion protein, UL47, brought into the cell during infection, attenuates the VHS-RNase activity with respect to stable host and viral α mRNAs and effectively blocks the degradation of β and γ mRNAs, but it has no effect on the processing of AU-rich mRNAs. The properties of UL47 suggest that it, along with the α protein infected cell protein 27, attenuates degradation of mRNAs by the VHS-RNase through interaction with the enzyme in polyribosomes. Mutants lacking both VHS-RNase and UL47 overexpress α genes and delay the expression of β and γ genes, suggesting that overexpression of α genes inhibits the downstream expression of early and late genes.
Predictive Model for Design of Fixed-Bed Adsorbers: Parameter Estimation and Model Development (1978)

A predictive mathematical model for fixed-bed adsorber design which incorporates both liquid and solid phase resistances to mass transfer is formulated; numeric solutions are described and checked for accuracy. Laboratory bench scale studies used to estimate model parameters independently from adsorber break-through profiles are described, and experimental results presented. The bench scale tests involve both adsorption rate and isotherm measurements that are used to determine isotherm equation parameters and surface diffusion coefficients for model calibration. Liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients for fixed-bed operation are obtained from literature correlations; parameter values used for model calibration are presented. This paper sets the stage for single- and multi-component model verifications to be presented in two subsequent papers.
[Screening for antimicrobial and presumed cancerostatic plant metabolites (author's transl)]. (1982)

693 kinds of indigenous plants randomly selected were screened for their antimicrobial activities against 23 different test organisms (Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi). The results of the testing showed that 250 (36%) kinds of the plants belonging to 72 families exhibited some level of antimicrobial action in vitro. Moreover, a microbiological prescreening program was employed in search of presumed cancerostatic plant products in crude extracts. These microbial tests based on agar diffusion techniques consist of prophage induction test and BIP test (bacteria inhibition-induction-phage inhibition). All active components selected by these microbial models are potential inhibitors of nucleic acid metabolism. A wide variety of plants was demonstrated to exhibit interesting activities in these screening systems. The bioactivity is uniformly distributed in various order. The screening results are briefly discussed.
20kDa Human Growth Hormone (20K hGH) Stimulates Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) Gene Expression at Lower Concentrations than 22K hGH in hGH Receptor-Expressing Ba/F3 Cells (2000)

Growth hormone (GH) secreted from the pituitary is essential for postnatal growth in animals. GH exerts its actions by a direct effect on target organs and by stimulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) production. In the human pituitary, there is a naturally occurring variant protein which has a molecular mass of 20 kDa (20K hGH) besides the major 22 kDa hGH (22K hGH), but the physiological actions of 20K hGH are still poorly understood. In this study we have examined its effects on the IGF-I mRNA expression in the pro B-cell line Ba/F3 cells stably expressing hGH receptor (Ba/F3-hGHR). Ba/F3-hGHR cells were incubated for 2 h with a series of various concentrations (10 pM to approximately 10 nM) of 20K or 22K hGH. The IGF-I mRNA expression in the Ba/F3-hGHR cells was detected by the RT-PCR method. IGF-I gene expression was increased by 20K and 22K hGH stimulation, but not by PRL or IL-3 in the Ba/F3-hGHR. And this effect was not observed in parental Ba/F3 cells. Lower concentrations of 20K hGH more strongly induced IGF-I gene expression than 22K-hGH. These results suggest that 20K and 22K hGH stimulate the IGF-I gene expression in the Ba/F3-hGHR through hGH receptors, and that the stronger effect of 20K hGH than that of 22K hGH in enhancing the IGF-I gene expression may be correlated with a 20K hGH specific receptor dimerization mechanism.
Crosstalk Suppressed Hole-assisted 6-core Fiber with Cladding Diameter of 125 µm (2013)

We report 125 μm-cladding multi-core fiber for high-density space-division multiplexing transmission. We show numerically that a hole-assisted structure can reduce both crosstalk and leakage loss. We achieved 125 μm-cladding 6-core fiber experimentally with a low crosstalk of less than -30 dB/100km and a high normalized core multiplicity of 6.0.
The contrast‐to‐noise in relaxation time, synthetic, and weighted‐sum MR images (1987)

The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in three types of computed MR images is compared in a computer simulation. The original data consist of two spin-echo or two saturation-recovery images. Each pair of images is used to generate a relaxation time image, a synthetic image at arbitrary echo or repetition time, and an image which is a weighted sum of the original images. The CNR produced by these three methods is compared for signals spanning a wide range of relaxation times. In every comparison an optimally weighted sum produces the highest CNR that is statistically attainable. The CNR in the optimum synthetic image equals this bound only if contrast reversal does not occur in the original images. The CNR in relaxation time images is always less than the statistical bound and can be less than the CNR in the original images.
A Model for EGR Mass Flow Rate Estimation (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a model for EGR mass flow rate estimation as a function of signal smeasured by existing sensors in an internal combustion electronically controlled engine. An original approach is presented to take into account the heat transfer between the EGR duct and the environment. The preliminary results relative to EGR mass flow rate estimation suggest that the methodology may be extended towards the development of a complete model of the intake manifold including the EGR recirculation system and the purge canister.</div>
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. 59. Rhenium Complexes (1996)

Re(L)(CO)3Cl complexes (where L is 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, or a phenanthroline or bipyridine derivative containing methyl groups) are photoluminescent in fluid solution at room temperature. In acetonitrile solutions, these complexes display one chemically reversible one-electron reduction process and one chemically irreversible oxidation process. λ(max) for the luminescence is dependent on the nature of L, and a linear relationship between λ(max) and the difference in electrode potentials for oxidation and reduction is evident. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) was observed in acetonitrile solutions of these complexes (Bu4NPF6 as electrolyte) by stepping the potential of a Pt disk working electrode between potentials sufficient to form the radical anionic and cationic species. The relative amount of light produced during the anodic and cathodic pulses was dependent on the potential limits and pulse duration. ECL was also generated in the presence of coreactants, i.e., with tri-n-propylamine upon stepping the potential sufficiently positive to form the deprotonated tri-n-propylamine radical and the cationic rhenium(II) species Re(II)(L)(CO)3Cl+. When S2O82- was present in solution, ECL was also observed for all of the complexes upon stepping to potentials sufficient to form (Re(I)(L)(CO)3Cl)- and the strong oxidant SO4.-. In most cases, the ECL spectrum was identical to the photoluminescence spectrum, indicating that the chemical reactions following electrochemical oxidation or reduction form the same metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states that are generated in the photoluminescence experiments.