gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent insights into the role of Toll-like receptors in viral infection (2010)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a central role in innate immunity as they detect conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on a range of microbes, including viruses, leading to innate immune activation and orchestration of the adaptive immune response. To date, a large number of viruses have been shown to trigger innate immunity via TLRs, suggesting that these receptors are likely to be important in the outcome to viral infection. This suggestion is supported by the observation that many viruses have evolved mechanisms not only to evade the innate immune system, but also to subvert it for the benefit of the virus. In this review we will discuss earlier evidence, mainly from knock-out mice studies, implicating TLRs in the innate immune response to viruses, in light of more recent clinical data demonstrating that TLRs are important for anti-viral immunity in humans.
Environment of care. Organize to find your way through the maze. (1995)

The Environment of Care and the Orientation, Training, and Education sections of the JCAHO manual will be important parts of the 1995 survey process. All departments must be able to describe their role in both programs, as well as demonstrate compliance with them. Staff knowledge of the two programs is also critical since 40-50% of the survey process will be devoted to asking staff members questions concerning their role in each of the two programs. Organizing the manual as described will force you to examine each section closely. As each section is completed, you will accomplish two goals. First, you have complied with the requirements because you have developed departmental programs geared towards EOC. Second, by developing these sections, you have created a basic training outline for your staff. If you organize and gather the data described in this article, the development of your training programs will be much easier. Most of you have all of the tools required to comply with both programs, but by organizing them in an efficient and orderly fashion, you will assure yourself a much easier time complying with the new EOC standards.
Optimal repeater insertion for n-tier multilevel interconnect architectures (2002)

A new methodology to optimally insert repeaters for n-tier multilevel interconnect architectures is demonstrated. For a 0.1 /spl mu/m ASIC macrocell case study, repeater insertion either decreases the macrocell area 4-fold (and lowers power dissipation by 50%), increases clock frequency by 22% or reduces number of metal levels by 25%.
AFLP Mapping of Soybean Maturity Gene E4 (2008)

Days to flowering and maturity are controlled by genes E1-E7 and J in soybean. Previous studies revealed that E1-E5 and E7 influence tolerances to low-temperature-induced seed coat browning in different directions at various intensities. The E4 locus is useful for the development of early maturing cultivars with chilling tolerance because the recessive allele conditions both the early-maturing habit and chilling tolerance. This study was conducted to obtain a fine map of E4 by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis using a F(8:9) family segregating for E4 that was developed from a cross between photoperiod-insensitive Japanese landraces, Sakamotowase (E4) and Miharudaizu (e4). AFLP analysis using a total of 4096 primer pairs detected 20 polymorphic markers between near-isogenic lines for E4. Linkage mapping incorporated 16 AFLP markers into a previously constructed genetic map around E4 in linkage group I. Eight AFLP markers were localized to unfilled areas between E4 and the closest markers identified previously. Two AFLP markers flanking E4, e48m41-8 and e18m38-8, were mapped at positions 0.6 and 5.4 cM apart from E4, respectively. They were dominant and in cis arrangement with the recessive allele (e4) conditioning the photoperiod insensitivity and chilling tolerance. These markers can be used in developing more precise markers for fine mapping and marker-assisted selection and in isolating the underlying gene via genome walking approaches.
Computer-based techniques for the optimal extraction of medical data from graphical paper records (1992)

A system is described which uses a new technique for the conversion of two dimensional waveforms conventionally stored on pair to a one dimensional array of data values. Paper records containing the waveform data are first scanned using a high resolution, flatbed, black and white scanner. The two dimensional pixel based images that are captured are stored as image files in the computer. Three digital image processing techniques are applied to these stored images. The first is a heuristic method for the automatic removal of random noise and the filling in of gaps in the captured image which are errors introduced during the scanning process. The second technique involves thinning each pixel based waveform to derive its skeleton. In the final part of the processing, data values are extracted from the thinned waveforms. These values are then filtered to eliminate quantisation errors introduced in the scanning process. Results using ECG waveforms are presented.<
 >
Characterization and Dynamic Properties for the Solid Inclusion Complexes of β-Cyclodextrin and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (2013)

The structural characterization and dynamic properties of solid-state inclusion complexes (ICs) formed between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD; host) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; guest) were investigated using (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The 1:1 and 2:1 host/guest solid-state complexes were prepared using a modified dissolution method to obtain complexes with high phase purity. These complexes were further characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), (19)F directpolarization (DP), and (13)C cross-polarization (CP) with magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The (19)F → (13)C CP results provided unequivocal support for the formation of well-defined inclusion compounds. The phase purity of the complexes formed between β-CD and PFOA were assessed using the (19)F DP NMR technique at variable temperature (VT) and MAS at 20 kHz. The complexes were found to be of high phase purity when prepared in accordance with the modified dissolution method. The motional dynamics of the guest in the solid complexes were assessed using T1/T2/T1ρ relaxation NMR methods at ambient and VT conditions. The relaxation data revealed reliable and variable guest dynamics for the 1:1 versus 2:1 complexes at the VTs investigated. The motional dynamics of the guest molecules involve an ensemble of axial motions of the whole chain and 120° rotational jumps of the methyl (CF3) group at the termini of the perfluorocarbon chain. The axial and rotational dynamics of the guest in the 1:1 and 2:1 complexes differ in distribution and magnitude in accordance with the binding geometry of the guest within the host.
Effect of a Semifluorinated Copolymer on the Phase Separation of a Fluorocarbon/ Hydrocarbon Mixture (1995)

Fluorocarbons (CnF2n+2) and hydrocarbons (CnH2n+2) are mutually immiscible at room temperature, while they form clear and homogeneous mixtures at high temperatures. The phase separation curves of these systems show upper critical solution temperatures (UCST), which depend on the chemical formulas of the two liquids. In this paper we report the first observation of the mixing between perfluorooctane (PFO) and isooctane (i-OCT) at low temperature upon addition of a semifluorinated diblock copolymer (F8H16) Further cooling results in phase separation or formation of solid gels, depending on the amount of copolymer added to the mixture. Phase diagrams, light-scattering, birefringence, and small-angle X-ray-scattering measurements indicate the presence of microdomains in the gel and in the liquid phase, depending on the temperature and on the copolymer volume fraction.
70-nm impact-ionization metal-oxide-semiconductor (I-MOS) devices integrated with tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) (2005)

70-nm I-MOS devices have been integrated with 70-nm TFETs for the first time by adopting a novel process method. The integration of the I-MOS device with the TFET is meaningful in that it compensates for weak points of each device and implements both high-performance and low-power functionality on the same substrate. Additionally, by using SOI substrate and modifying mask layout, ON/OFF current ratio of the I-MOS device is increased dramatically by a factor of more than 1000 compared with our previous works. Finally, we have investigated the applicability of the I-MOS device to inverter and 6T-SRAM cell by measurement and mixed-mode simulation. When applied to 6T-SRAM cell, CI-MOS case shows 22.6 % improvement in SNM without much penalty in cell area
SELECTIVE FORMATION OF METHYL VINYL KETONE FROM ACETONE AND METHANOL WITH SILICA-MAGNESIA BASE CATALYST (1973)

Abstract Silica-magnesia was examined as catalyst for the said reaction and was found to give nearly 100% selectivity. Loading of Ag as well as MnO2 resulted in an increase of the activity of the catalyst but was not detrimental to the selectivity. The course of the reaction was briefly discussed.
Antioxidant and other biological activities of phenols from olives and olive oil (2001)

Olive oil is the principal source of fats in the Mediterranean diet, which has been associated with a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and certain cancers. Phenolic compounds, e.g., hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, in extra-virgin olive oil are responsible for its peculiar pungent taste and for its high stability. Recent findings demonstrate that olive oil phenolics are powerful antioxidants, both in vitro and in vivo, and possess other potent biological activities that could partially account for the observed healthful effects of the Mediterranean diet.
An Evaluation of Novel Vital Dyes for Intraocular Surgery (2005)

The systematic evaluation of dyes for intraocular use seems mandatory. In this study four dyes were identified with effective staining characteristics, with two of these dyes having no detectable toxic effect on RPE cells in vitro.
Effect of UV-A on the Linolenic Acid Micelles (1993)

UV-A produced a dose-dependent linear increase of peroxidation in linolenic acid micelles as detected by the assay of (i) conjugated dienes, (ii) hydroperoxides, (iii) malondialdehyde (MDA), and (iv) the fluorescent adduct formed by the reaction of MDA with the amino acid, glycine. While sodium formate, dimethyl sulfoxide, superoxide dismutase, and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid produced no significant inhibition, some generally used singlet oxygen quenchers, beta-carotene, dimethylfuran, L-histidine, and sodium azide, caused significant inhibition of the UV-A-induced peroxidation of the linolenic acid micelles. alpha-Tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene produced more than 90% inhibition of the UV-A-induced peroxidation. ESR spectrometry revealed the formation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide in the UV-A-irradiated aqueous solution of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. The involvement of singlet oxygen (1O2) in the UV-A-induced peroxidation of linolenic acid micelles is discussed.
Expression of Drosophila Shaker potassium channels in mammalian cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus. (1989)

A recombinant vaccinia virus containing a Drosophila potassium channel (Shaker H4) cDNA was constructed by homologous recombination between wild-type vaccinia virus DNA and a transfer plasmid. The new virus was used to infect four types of mammalian cells in culture. Electrophysiological recording 24-72 hr after infection revealed the expression of voltage-gated transient potassium channels in all four cell types. The properties of the induced currents were identical to those previously observed following injection of the Shaker H4 transcript into oocytes. Vaccinia promises to be an effective vehicle for the heterologous expression of transmembrane ion channels in a variety of cell types.
SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF A PEPTIDE COMPRISING THE 605-611 DISULFIDE LOOP OF GP41, TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) (1995)

(1995). SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF A PEPTIDE COMPRISING THE 605-611 DISULFIDE LOOP OF GP41, TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 375-377.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering in the Ultraviolet Spectral Region:  UV-SERS on Rhodium and Ruthenium Electrodes (2003)

We report the first observation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) excited with ultraviolet (UV) light from transition metal electrodes. Adsorbed pyridine and SCN- on rough rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru) electrodes, respectively, have been studied using 325 nm laser excitation. In contrast, the best enhancers in the visible and near infrared, silver and gold, do not produce UV-SERS. The experimental data of UV-SERS are in agreement with our preliminary theoretical calculation based on the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism. The enhancement factor is about 2 orders of magnitude for the Rh and Ru electrodes when they are excited at 325 nm.
Network Scanning on Multi Function Device (2009)

Network print devices have evolved to support additional multifunction services, in particular a scan service. When network scanners are installed in local office or enterprise networks, they need remote service, device, and job management capabilities so that administrators, operators, and end users can monitor their health and status. Twain is an industry standard or protocol for applications that interface with scanning devices. It offers many advantages. Twain driver was designed to initiate a scanning session from hosts using the local interface (USB or IEEE1284). Thus, the addition of a network scanning component is necessary to support a network scanning system. A network scanning system offers the quality and convenience necessary to provide electronic document capture for internal operations and customer service. This document proposed the network scanning method using the Twain driver. This method of implementing electronic document capture and distribution, known as network scanning, into the Twain driver architecture is described. Network scanning converts the scanned document image into TIFF, PDF or JPEG and formats delivers to user defined destinations utilizing SNMP and TCP protocols. The integration of network scanning into Samsungpsilas Digital Imager printer/scanner architecture is presented.
Patron-driven Acquisition and Monopolistic Use: Are Patrons at Academic Libraries Using Library Funds to Effectively Build Private Collections? (2014)

The library literature on collection development has recently seen a spate of publications and presentations on patron-driven acquisitions (PDA). The bulk of this literature has addressed the implementation and touted the successes of PDA at academic libraries, yet a counter literature has been developing, much of it addressing the potential failings of library patrons as selectors. There has been little focus, however, on patrons’ potentially problematic behaviors as post-purchase users of PDA materials. This study aimed to discover whether library patrons might in effect be monopolizing print books purchased via PDA via circulation renewals. The study found that there was a statistically significant difference in the proportions of circulated and circulated-and-renewed books acquired via PDA, librarians’ orders, and approval plan selection. The study also found that ratios of renewals to circulations for circulated-and-renewed approval plan books were significantly greater than were the ratios for librarians’ and PDA books, generally, and for books available for more than one year but less than six years. There were no significant differences for books available for one year or less. PDA books’ renewal-to-circulation ratios were significantly greater than those of approval plan books only for books that had circulated a single time.
Uptake of lactoferrin by mononuclear phagocytes inhibits their ability to form hydroxyl radical and protects them from membrane autoperoxidation (1991)

Human mononuclear phagocytes do not contain the iron-binding protein lactoferrin that we have previously demonstrated inhibits the potential for human neutrophils to generate hydroxyl radical in the presence of an exogenous iron catalyst of the Haber-Weiss reaction. Previous work by other investigators has suggested that mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM] have the capacity to bind exogenous lactoferrin via lactoferrin-specific membrane surface receptors. Accordingly, we examined the possibility that uptake of iron-free (apo) lactoferrin by human mononuclear phagocytes could play a role in limiting the potential for generation of hydroxyl radical during the monocyte/MDM respiratory burst. When monocytes or MDM were incubated in the presence of apo-lactoferrin, cell-associated lactoferrin increased in proportion to the concentration of lactoferrin provided. Similar results were obtained with iron-loaded (diferric) milk lactoferrin. Consistent with the in vivo importance of these findings, we found that lactoferrin was intimately associated with human alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The fucose polymer fucoidan inhibited lactoferrin uptake whereas exogenous transferrin or MDM exposure to IFN-gamma was without effect. Scatchard binding analysis confirmed the presence of a lactoferrin-specific receptor with a calculated kDa of 3.56 x 10(-6) M and 3.4 x 10(7) binding sites per cell. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that twofold more of the lactoferrin which became cell-associated over the 1-h incubation time could be found in the cytoplasmic fraction compared to the plasma membrane-containing fraction, consistent with previous evidence by others for internalization of lactoferrin by mononuclear phagocytes. When lactoferrin-loaded monocytes/MDM were incubated in lactoferrin-free media, evidence for release of lactoferrin was obtained by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis, suggesting the presence of a recyclable pool of cell-associated lactoferrin. To assess the impact of lactoferrin loading on monocyte/MDM hydroxyl radical formation, lactoferrin-loaded phagocytes were stimulated with PMA in the presence of catalytic iron. Hydroxyl radical generation by lactoferrin-loaded cells was decreased to about 50% of control cells. Similarly, monocytes that had been lactoferrin-loaded demonstrated a 28% decrease in autooxidation of their membrane when stimulated in the presence of catalytic iron. These data suggest that lactoferrin binding may play an important role in maintaining optimal mononuclear phagocyte function and protecting adjacent tissue from untoward phagocyte-associated hydroxyl radical generation.
Images of Minangkabau women (1996)

(1996). Images of Minangkabau women. Indonesia Circle. School of Oriental & African Studies. Newsletter: Vol. 24, No. 69, pp. 141-155.
Using Bloom Filters to Refine Web Search Results. (2005)

Search engines have primarily focused on presenting the most relevant pages to the user quickly. A less well explored aspect of improving the search experience is to remove or group all near-duplicate documents in the results presented to the user. In this paper, we apply a Bloom filter based similarity detection technique to address this issue by refining the search results presented to the user. First, we present and analyze our technique for finding similar documents using contentdefined chunking and Bloom filters, and demonstrate its effectiveness in compactly representing and quickly matching pages for similarity testing. Later, we demonstrate how a number of results of popular and random search queries retrieved from different search engines, Google, Yahoo, MSN, are similar and can be eliminated or re-organized. 1.
BiCMOS bandgap voltage reference with base current compensation (1996)

The effect of base current on the relationship between reference and output voltages in a bandgap voltage reference circuit is considered. The modifications developed to compensate for this influence in a standard reference circuit are described. The compensation is achieved by measuring the collector current of one of the transistors, creating a positive temperature coefficient current and introducing a p-channel current doubler in the base circuit of the measuring transistor. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed improvement.
A Grey Correlation Analysis Method for Relationship of the Overseas M&A and Business Growth of Commercial Banks (2019)

While the Chinese banks have started the impact of foreign banks. At the same time, rising pressure on foreign exchange reserves and appreciation of the renminbi has prompted Chinese banks to go abroad and diversify their risks. The financial crisis of 2008 has caused the continued turbulence of the major financial markets around the world, and the valuation of foreign financial institutions has been drastically shrinking, providing opportunities for Chinese banks to carry out overseas M&A. Based on the overseas M&A status of Chinese commercial banks, this paper sums up the characteristics of the overseas M&A. Then taking a series of overseas M&A conducted by ICBC from 2006 to 2011 as an example, it analyzes the relationship between M&A and performance growth using grey incidence model. The test shows: there is a positive correlation between both overseas M&A and interest rate differential with performance growth of ICBC, and overseas M&A transactions role in promoting the performance growth is significantly higher than the interest rate differential.
Granzyme A released upon stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes activates the thrombin receptor on neuronal cells and astrocytes. (1994)

Granzymes are a family of serine proteases that are harbored in cytoplasmic granules of activated T lymphocytes and are released upon target cell interaction. Immediate and complete neurite retraction was induced in a mouse neuronal cell line when total extracts of granule proteins were added. This activity was isolated and identified as granzyme A. This protease not only induced neurite retraction at nanomolar concentrations but also reversed the stellation of astrocytes. Both effects were critically dependent on the esterolytic activity of granzyme A. As neurite retraction is known to be induced by thrombin, possible cleavage and activation of the thrombin receptor were investigated. A synthetic peptide spanning the N-terminal thrombin receptor activation sequence was cleaved by granzyme A at the authentic thrombin cleavage site Leu-Asp-Pro-Arg-Ser. Antibodies to the thrombin receptor inhibited both thrombin and granzyme A-mediated neurite retraction. Thus, T-cell-released granzyme A induces cellular responses by activation of the thrombin receptor. As brain-infiltrating CD4+ lymphocytes are the effector cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, granzyme A released in the brain may contribute to the etiology of autoimmune disorders in the nervous system.
An efficient controller for variable supply-voltage low power processing (2002)

A chip has been designed to test the implementation of a PLL-based dynamic supply controller. Separating the rate transitions from V/sub T/ and temperature drift improves loop transient response. Buffering and explicit averaging can be used to smooth workload. Active damping minimizes loss in the supply filter due to voltage transitions.
A parallel equaliser with LMS adaptation for time variant multipath channels (2002)

For the purpose of tackling rapidly time variant multipath channels, this paper derives a novel equaliser structure in which two equalisers-a linear transversal equaliser (LTE) and a decision feedback equaliser (DFE)-are implemented in parallel commonly using the LMS adaptation algorithm. Computer simulations demonstrate that with a small increase of computational complexity, the parallel LMS equaliser provides a significant improvement relative to the conventional LMS LTE and LMS DFE.