gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting reciprocating compressor performance (1993)

A reciprocating compressor is a positive displacement machine and, in principal, its capacity and horsepower can be calculated very easily. In practice, however, several loss mechanisms act to decrease capacity and increase horsepower from the ideal predicted values. Many of these effects are quite difficult to predict accurately and the only effective way of developing reciprocating compressor performance prediction methods is to run a large number of tests on different compressors under different operating conditions. Combined with an understanding of the physics controlling the losses, experimental results allow good empirical models of losses to be developed. However, without the benefit of a good understanding of the physics of the loss mechanisms, it is impossible to interpret test results. Some factors affecting the magnitude of losses are compressor design, compressor speed, suction and discharge pressure and temperature, gas composition, suction and discharge piping design, and valve design. Losses that are important in some applications may be negligible in others so it is essential that a wide range of compressor designs, valve designs, gas molecular weight and operating conditions be tested when developing a performance prediction model. The paper discusses the effects of clearance and pressure ratio; the primary losses affecting capacitymore » and power, including valve and port pressure loss, valve springing, valve inertia, piston ring leakage, packing leakage, discharge valve leakage, suction valve leakage, pulsations, heat transfer in the suction passage, and heat transfer in the cylinder; heat transfer in compressor cylinders; performance prediction methods; and compressor diagnosis.« less
Low cost electronic ballast for a 36-W fluorescent lamp based on a current-mode-controlled boost inverter for a 120-V DC bus power distribution (2006)

A non-resonant electronic ballast based on one power switch and on one reactive element-one inductance-is described in this paper. The special current mode control implementation provides an intrinsic short-circuit protection and a very simple control circuitry. Filament heating time, current during the heating period, and protection against broken tube can be easily implemented with the proposed circuitry. A greenhouse application with a 120-V dc bus power distribution is presented in this paper. The dc bus voltage is easily obtained (in this particular application) from a classical series-connected 12-pulse rectifier in combination with a transformer with two secondary windings (one in Wye connection and other one in Delta connection). An additional advantage of this configuration is the high power factor obtained at the input stage.
Immunobiology of IL-37: mechanism of action and clinical perspectives (2014)

This article provides an overview of the biological function of a recently discovered cytokine, IL-37, formerly referred to as IL-1F7, and its role in chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease. Much has been discovered about IL-37 in the past decade, including its ability to down-regulate systemic and local inflammation by lowering levels of pro-inflammatory molecules. Here, we critically review the published reports. Future research is necessary to understand the receptor-dependent effects of IL-37, its intracellular and extracellular functions in both normal and diseased states and its potential role as a biomarker and pharmacological target in human disease.
Binding of DC-HIL to Dermatophytic Fungi Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Potentiates Antigen Presenting Cell Function (2009)

APCs express receptors recognizing microbes and regulating immune responses by binding to corresponding ligands on immune cells. Having discovered a novel inhibitory pathway triggered by ligation of DC-HIL on APC to a heparin/heparan sulfate-like saccharide of syndecan-4 on activated T cells, we posited DC-HIL can recognize microbial pathogens in a similar manner. We showed soluble recombinant DC-HIL to bind the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum audouinii, but not several bacteria nor Candida albicans. Dermatophyte binding was inhibited completely by the addition of heparin. Because DC-HIL contains an ITAM-like intracellular sequence, we questioned whether its binding to dermatophytes can induce tyrosine phosphorylation in dendritic cells (DC). Culturing DC with T. rubrum (but not with C. albicans pseudohyphae) induced phosphorylation of DC-HIL, but not when the tyrosine residue of the ITAM-like sequence was mutated to phenylalanine. To examine the functional significance of such signaling on DC, we cross-linked DC-HIL with mAb (surrogate ligand), which not only induced tyrosine phosphorylation but also up-regulated expression of 23 genes among 662 genes analyzed by gene-array, including genes for profilin-1, myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate like-1, C/EBP, LOX-1, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha. This cross-linking also up-regulated expression of the activation markers CD80/CD86 and heightened APC capacity of DC to activate syngeneic T cells. Our findings support a dual role for DC-HIL: inhibition of adaptive immunity following ligation of syndecan-4 on activated T cells and induction of innate immunity against dermatophytic fungi.
Hepatitis C virus-like particles combined with novel adjuvant systems enhance virus-specific immune responses (2003)

We have previously described the generation of hepatitis C virus-like particles (HCV-LPs) in insect cells and shown that immunization with HCV-LPs elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. To further characterize the HCV-LPs as a vaccine candidate, we evaluated the effects of adjuvant AS01B (monophosphoryl lipid A [MPL] and QS21), CpG 10105, and the combination of the 2 adjuvants on the immunogenicity of HCV-LPs in AAD mice (transgenic for HLA-A2.1). All HCV-LP-immunized mice (with or without adjuvant) developed high titers of anti-HCV E1/E2 antibodies after 4 injections intramuscularly. However, antibody titers in mice immunized with HCV-LP plus AS01B, plus CpG 10105, or plus the combination of AS01B and CpG 10105 were 4, 3, and 10 times higher, respectively, than that of HCV-LP alone. Isotype analysis of the induced anti-envelope antibodies showed that HCV-LP alone induced a predominant immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 response. In contrast, when the 2 adjuvants AS01B and CpG 10105 were combined, the response became predominantly IgG2a whereas HCV-LP plus AS01B or CpG 10105 gave a mixed IgG1 and IgG2a response, indicating that AS01B and CpG 10105 promote a more T-helper type 1 (Th1) response and that combining the 2 adjuvants results in an additive or synergistic interaction. These observations were further confirmed by the results of CD4(+) enzyme-linked immunospot assay for interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 and intracellular cytokine staining of IFN-gamma producing CD8(+) cells. In conclusion, HCV-LP is a promising vaccine candidate against HCV infection and the adjuvants used are potent immune enhancers for this approach.
Measuring the Electrical Conductivity of Single Fibres (2011)

The methodology required to measure the conductivity of single fibres is outlined, the basic underlying physics discussed and recent pertinent examples culled from the scientific literature are presented for illustration. Indications of where the field will progress are presented.
ORGANIC REACTIONS WITH BORON FLUORIDE. III. THE CONDENSATION OF PROPYLENE WITH PHENOL (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTORGANIC REACTIONS WITH BORON FLUORIDE. III. THE CONDENSATION OF PROPYLENE WITH PHENOLF. J. Sowa, H. D. Hinton, and J. A. NieuwlandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 9, 3694–3698Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01348a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01348a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Active control of helicopter vibration (1994)

The reduction of helicopter vibration is of great importance to the helicopter industry and considerable effort has been devoted to research into active methods for vibration reduction. The article describes how active control techniques can offer good vibration reduction over significant areas of the fuselage and also provide the capability to adapt to changing speed, rotor conditions and structural dynamics. There are three main areas on the helicopter where active vibration control techniques can be applied: at the rotor; at the main gearbox to fuselage interface, and within the fuselage itself. The last area is termed the active control of structural response (ACSR) and is considered in more detail. Finally, the performance of the ACSR technique in minimising vibration in helicopter structures is analysed using results which demonstrate the performance potential under differing conditions.
Global Learning of Focused Entailment Graphs (2010)

We propose a global algorithm for learning entailment relations between predicates. We define a graph structure over predicates that represents entailment relations as directed edges, and use a global transitivity constraint on the graph to learn the optimal set of edges, by formulating the optimization problem as an Integer Linear Program. We motivate this graph with an application that provides a hierarchical summary for a set of propositions that focus on a target concept, and show that our global algorithm improves performance by more than 10 % over baseline algorithms. 1
Potassium channels in cell cycle and cell proliferation (2014)

Normal cell-cycle progression is a crucial task for every multicellular organism, as it determines body size and shape, tissue renewal and senescence, and is also crucial for reproduction. On the other hand, dysregulation of the cell-cycle progression leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hallmark of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is a tightly regulated process, with multifaceted and very complex control mechanisms. It is now well established that one of those mechanisms relies on ion channels, and in many cases specifically on potassium channels. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms underlying the importance of potassium channels in cell-cycle control and briefly review some of the identified channels that illustrate the multiple ways in which this group of proteins can influence cell proliferation and modulate cell-cycle progression.
An Accelerometer Error Compensation Method Based on Forward Velocity Estimation (2013)

In low-cost INS systems (such as vehicle INS system, mobile phone INS system), inertial sensors have great error. Standard strap down algorithm which has very serious error accumulation, has been unable to meet the application requirements. To reduce error accumulation effect on navigation accuracy, taking into account the posture keeping unchanged when the vehicles is on urban roads, a navigation solution with fixed posture was presented for vehicle low-cost INS systems. In this solution the initial posture was maintained in the navigation process, and heading was calculated with the vertical angular rate integral. Its central task is the calculating of the forward acceleration. On the basis of this navigation solution, the acceleration error was estimated according to the GPS ground speed when GPS is normal, and this error was used to compensate accelerometer error when GPS outages. After error compensation in this way, fault-tolerant federated filter was formed to fuse the INS and GPS information. Experiments show that this method makes the low-cost integrated GPS / INS navigation system still has a high navigation accuracy in a period of time after the GPS outages.
Ion-energy effects in silicon ion-beam epitaxy (1996)

Direct ion-beam deposition of $^{28}\mathrm{Si}^{+}$ ions for homoepitaxial film growth on Si{100} has been studied over the ion-energy range of 8--80 eV in the low-temperature range of 40--500 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Deposition was performed by means of a mass-selected, low-energy, ultrahigh-vacuum ion-beam system with a well-defined ion energy (E) for which the energy spread is \ensuremath{\Delta}E=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 eV. The films were analyzed in situ at growth intervals by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and Auger-electron spectroscopy, and ex situ by cross-section high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling. The growth mode, crystalline quality, and number of defects in the films are found to be extremely sensitive to both substrate temperature (at low temperature) and ion energy (at low energy). Layer-by-layer epitaxial growth is observed down to \ensuremath{\sim}160 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C with appropriate ion energies; below this temperature, island growth with a transition to an amorphous phase occurs. An optimum ion-energy window for achieving layer-by-layer epitaxial growth and high crystalline quality films which are relatively defect free is observed. This energy window, which illustrates ion beam enhanced epitaxy, is extremely narrow at low temperature, i.e., \ensuremath{\sim}20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 eV at 160 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, and broadens out on the low-energy side at higher temperatures, e.g., at 290 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Within this energy window, the films have the same level of crystallinity as the single-crystal silicon substrate. This behavior is discussed in terms of the changes in the phenomena which dominate the growth process as a function of ion energy and temperature. For the conditions 290 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 20 eV, epitaxial high crystalline quality films up to 352 nm thick have been grown, and there is no indication of a limiting epitaxial layer thickness. SIMS analysis shows that the isotropic enhancement ratio is $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$/${(}^{29}$Si ${+}^{30}$Si)\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${10}^{4}$. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Collaborative Content Distribution for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

Abstract — The proliferation of low-cost wireless connectivity, combined with the growth of distributed peer-to-peer cooperative systems, is changing the way in which next-generation vehicular networks will evolve. In this paper, we address the problem of low-latency content distribution (multicast streaming) to a dense vehicular highway network from roadside infostations, using efficient multihop vehicle-to-vehicle collaboration. Due to the highly dynamic nature of the underlying vehicular network topology, we depart from architectures requiring centralized coordination, reliable MAC scheduling, or global network state knowledge, and instead adopt a distributed and minimally coordinated paradigm. We establish the viability of our approach with both analysis and extensive simulations. Our study is motivated by questions such as “what is the network capacity? ” and “how many infostations are needed to realize a target throughput and latency?” The key ingredient in our approach is the use of multihop randomized network coding to efficiently distribute the content in the vehicular network. Specifically, we show that in the limit of a highly dense network, our decentralized approach can attain a multicast throughput that is up to a factor of 1/e of the throughput which could be achieved by perfectly scheduling all packets in the network. Further, the gains of using randomized network coding over classical store-and-forward multihop routing strategies can be significant, as measured by the throughput received at a vehicle as a function of the distance between that vehicle and the nearest infostation. This in turn translates into a significant decrease in the number of roadside infostations required to meet desired throughput and latency constraints for specific streaming applications. I.
Local ventricular repolarization changes due to sympathetic nerve-branch stimulation (1975)

Functional distributions of individual cardiac nerves distal to the stellate ganglia were determined in 30 open-chest, anesthetized dogs by mapping sites of refractory-period shortening during stimulation of the nerves. On the right, recurrent cardiac nerve stimulation produced marked shortening of refractory periods in the interventricular septum, and lesser changes on the anterior heart surface. On the left, ventromedial cardiac nerve stimulation shortened refractory periods in a similar distribution, but changes were not marked as with the recurrent cardiac nerve. The other left-side nerve that produced repolarization changes, the ventrolateral cardiac nerve, produced marked refractory-period changes on the posterior heart surface. Its distribution showed little overlap with that of the ventromedial or recurrent cardiac nerves. T waves inverted in an electrocardiographic Y lead during recurrent cardiac and ventromedial cardiac nerve stimulation, while ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulation increased the positivity of T waves in that lead. The cardiac distributions of individual nerves documented in this study provide an anatomical basis for localized alterations in ventricular electrophysiologic properties.
Two-dimensional mode size transformation by Δn-controlled polymer waveguides (1998)

We report a new type of polymer waveguide for two-dimensional (2-D) mode size transformation in which /spl Delta/n (refractive index difference between core and cladding) is properly controlled along the waveguide axis while the core cross section is kept uniform. The beam diameter in the /spl Delta/n-controlled waveguide where the core diameter is 3.7 /spl mu/m and /spl Delta/n changes from 0.0027 to 0.0009 toward one end in the 5 mm-gradient /spl Delta/n, region, is about twice as large as that in a normal waveguide where /spl Delta/n is 0.0027. The optical loss accompanied by mode size transformation is calculated to be less than 2.5% based on beam propagation methods (BPM's).
Airborne Remote Sensing to Detect Greenbug<sup>1</sup>Stress to Wheat (2009)

Vegetation indices calculated from the quantity of electromagnetic radiation reflected from plants measured using multi-spectral imaging systems have been used to quantify stress levels in plants. Greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), cause stress to wheat, Triticum aestivum L., plants and therefore multispectral remote sensing may be useful for detecting greenbug-infested wheat fields. The objectives of this study were to assess whether variation in light reflectance from plants infested with varying densities of greenbugs could be detected and quantified using airborne imagery obtained with a multi-spectral digital camera mounted in a fixed-wing aircraft. In a replicated experiment where greenbug density was manipulated in 1-m2 plots of two winter wheat varieties (‘Jagger’ and ‘OK 101’) planted in a 1 ha field, we found that wheat infested with greenbugs exhibited a similar reflectance response for the two varieties. Both varieties showed a reduction in the normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) as greenbug density increased, as indicated by a negative slope for the regression of NDVI on greenbug density. Neither slopes nor intercepts differed significantly between the two varieties. A second vegetation index, Green NDVI, was not consistently correlated with greenbug density in the experiment. In a second experiment in large plots in four production winter wheat fields we found significant negative correlations between greenbug density and the vegetation indices for three of the four fields. The results indicated that airborne multi-spectral imaging can be used to detect stress caused by greenbug infestation of wheat fields.
Remote distribution of a mode-locked pulse train with sub 40-as jitter (2006)

Remote transfer of an ultralow-jitter microwave frequency reference signal is demonstrated using the pulse trains generated by a mode-locked fiber laser. The timing jitter in a ~ 30-m fiber link is reduced to 38 attoseconds (as) integrated over a bandwidth from 1 Hz to 10 MHz via active stabilization which represents a significant improvement over previously reported jitter performance. Our approach uses an all-optical generation of the synchronization error signal and an accompanying out-of-loop optical detection technique to verify the jitter performance.
Effect of liquid seaweed fertilizer of Sargassum wightii grev. on the growth and biochemical content of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R. wilczek) (2012)

Intensive investigations were made on the efficiency of Liquid Seaweed Fertilizer (LSF) obtained from the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii Grev. on the germination, growth and biochemical constituents of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) under laboratory conditions and in pots. The seeds that are soaked for 6 hrs duration at lower concentrations such as 0.5% and 1.0% showed faster germination compared with the seeds that are soaked at higher concentration (2.0%) for long durations (12 hrs and 24 hrs). In pot studies, both the shoot length and root length were found to be increased as the concentration of LSF increases, but at high concentration i.e. at 2.0% concentration the growth was slightly reduced. Of the two different types of applications i.e. foliar and root applications, the foliar application was found to be more effective in determining the growth of the plant than the root application. Plants received with 1.0% concentration of LSF as foliar spray showed more shoot and root length, early flowering and more number of pods. The biochemical analysis of the experimental plants showed that the foliar treated plants showed more photosynthetic pigments compared to root treated plants, whereas the accumulation of total protein, total carbohydrate and total lipid content was found maximum in root treated plants than the foliar treated plants.