gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) (1994)

This technical report describes the fifth generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model, or MM5. It is intended to provide scientific and technical documentation of the model for users. Source code documentation is available as a separate Technical Note (NCAR/TN-392) by Haagenson et al. (1994). The document structure is as follows: In section 2 we describe the governing equations, algorithms, and boundary conditions. This will include the finite difference algorithms and time splitting techniques of both the hydrostatic and the nonhydrostatic equations of motion (hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic solver). All subsequent sections will describe features common to both solvers. Section 3 discusses the mesh-refinement scheme, section 4 the four-dimensional data-assimilation technique, and section 5 focuses on the various physics options.
Solion Infrasonic Microphone (1964)

The solion infrasonic microphone is an electrochemical pressure transducer designed for the measurement of atmospheric-pressure variations. An over-all transducer frequency response from 0.003–50 cps and a dynamic range from 0.1–1000 dyn/cm2 has been obtained with the design described. Stability, sensitivity, low power consumption, and remote-operation capability are the inherent features of this new acoustic tool. Descriptions of the solion transducer, the infrasonic microphone, and the over-all response of the system are presented.
Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Images: A Comprehensive Survey (2016)

Human pose estimation refers to the estimation of the location of body parts and how they are connected in an image. Human pose estimation from monocular images has wide applications (e.g., image indexing). Several surveys on human pose estimation can be found in the literature, but they focus on a certain category; for example, model-based approaches or human motion analysis, etc. As far as we know, an overall review of this problem domain has yet to be provided. Furthermore, recent advancements based on deep learning have brought novel algorithms for this problem. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of human pose estimation from monocular images is carried out including milestone works and recent advancements. Based on one standard pipeline for the solution of computer vision problems, this survey splits the problem into several modules: feature extraction and description, human body models, and modeling methods. Problem modeling methods are approached based on two means of categorization in this survey. One way to categorize includes top-down and bottom-up methods, and another way includes generative and discriminative methods. Considering the fact that one direct application of human pose estimation is to provide initialization for automatic video surveillance, there are additional sections for motion-related methods in all modules: motion features, motion models, and motion-based methods. Finally, the paper also collects 26 publicly available data sets for validation and provides error measurement methods that are frequently used.
Susceptibility of HIV-1 plasma virus to complement-mediated lysis. Evidence for a role in clearance of virus in vivo (1996)

This study was undertaken to directly assess the susceptibility of HIV-1 plasma virus to C-mediated lysis. Plasma from HIV-infected individuals was collected and ultracentrifuged over 20% sucrose to isolate virions from plasma components including anticoagulants, which inhibit C activity. Treatment with C alone in the absence of exogenously added Ab caused lysis of virus from all patients (n = 18) (range 14 to 86%). This lysis occurred via the classical C pathway and was not due to cross-reactive Abs in the C source. Protein A bound a fraction of isolated plasma virus and this binding was blocked by purified human Ig suggesting that anti-HIV Abs bound to plasma virus could be responsible for inducing C activation. A portion of virus bound to CR2 on cells in the absence of exogenously added C indicating that virus activated C in vivo. C levels from six of six patients were determined to be sufficient to lead to lysis of virus in vivo. Since plasma virus appeared more sensitive to C than primary isolates, isolated virus was evaluated for the presence of C control proteins. While primary isolate virions contained CD46, CD55, and CD59, only CD59 was detected on plasma virus. The results of this study strongly suggest that C is activated by a portion of plasma virus in vivo due to the binding of Ab. The resultant opsonization plus subsequent lysis may be important routes of clearance and destruction of plasma virus in infected persons.
Algunas reflexiones en torno a la jurisdicción militar (2007)

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar las posibles conformaciones de la jurisdiccion militar, abogando por la estructuracion y consagracion de la misma como jurisdiccion especial. Desde esta perspectiva, se evidencia -y en este sentido se denuncia- que su existencia supone manifiesta vulneracion de los principios de unidad y exclusividad jurisdiccional, asi como del derecho fundamental al juez ordinario predeterminado por la ley; todo ello en intima conexion con la cuestionable independencia e imparcialidad de los jueces militares.
Generation of Blood-Derived Human Dendritic Cells for Antitumor Immunotherapy (2003)

Dendritic cells (DC) are a family of bone-marrow-derived professional antigen presenting cells (APC) with sparse, but wide, tissue distribution (1). They are classified primarily based on their localization: as interdigitating reticulum cells when present in lymphoid organs, as veiled cells when present in afferent lymph, as Langerhans cells when present in the epidermis, and as dermal dendritic cells when found in the dermis. Although DC are widely dispersed throughout the body, they exhibit many common features: an irregular shape with elongated dendritic processes, a distinctive cell-surface phenotype, low buoyant density, active motility, and the ability to stimulate vigorous proliferation of unprimed T cells. Like other professional APC such as macrophages and B cells, DC are able to ingest, process, and present antigen (Ag) in the context of major histocompatability (MHC) molecules. However, owing to their high expression of MHC class I and II, as well as costimulatory molecules and adhesion molecules, DC have the ability to induce primary T-cell-dependent immune responses in vivo and in vitro. This unique feature gives dendritic cells a central role in controlling immunity.
On the capabilities of application level traffic measurements to differentiate and classify Internet traffic (2001)

The use of network based traffic classification to differentiate aggregate traffic has been introduced with the development of new Internet service architectures, especially with the Differentiated Services. We present measurements and analysis of various packet and flow statistics to aid in classifying or differentiating traffic flows according to the application nature. Our study on methods traffic classification includes the background analysis of traffic traces to detect applications of varying nature by measuring packet inter-arrival times, packet lengths, flow inter-arrival times, and packet and flow shares of total tra#c. Most promising results with a single statistic are achieved when classifying traffic based on packet inter-arrival patterns. The interarrival time distributions of packets seem to be able to divide the traffic into two distinguishable classes. However, the division to three or more classes remains as somewhat ambiguous issue and needs further research. However, the results also indicate that no single statistic is able to classify application flows with reasonable certainty but that this might be achieved when several statistics and their analysis results are combined. A good method of increasing the classification result would be to increase the dimensionality of the classification. For instance, combining the classification results of packet IAT and packet length distributions would almost certainly lead to the detection of applications of different nature.
An Extended Anaphase Signaling Pathway for Mad2p Includes Microtubule Organizing Center Proteins and Multiple Motor-dependent Transitions (2006)

Signaling pathways within the mitotic mechanism temporally orchestrate spindle assembly with chromosome capture and alignment, and then coordinate initiation of chromosome segregation with spindle breakdown and cytokinesis for reproductive success. Kinetochore localized Mad2p acts in the spindle assembly checkpoint pathway during prophase and prometaphase to monitor bipolar attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules as well as proper tension at kinetochores. Once established, Mad2p is not degraded, but instead transits to spindle poles preceding the metaphase/anaphase transition in human and yeast cells. Whether conserved relocalization of Mad2p to poles is a final step in the spindle assembly checkpoint pathway or whether the post-metaphase transition allows Mad2p to cooperate in anaphase events leading to mitotic exit has been unknown. We examined post-metaphase localization of Mad2p in fission yeast. Our observations indicate an extended signaling pathway for Mad2p that includes kinetochore to bipolar localization at spindle poles, then additional transitions from bipolar to unipolar to equatorial. We determined that Mad2p associates with the microtubule organizing center complex through direct binding to Alp4p and that microtubule motor proteins Kinesin-14 Pkl1 and Dynein contribute to Mad2p anaphase transitions. At anaphase B onset, bipolar to unipolar transitions of both Mad2p and the septation inititiation network (SIN) kinase Cdc7 are observed. We determined that Mad2p and Cdc7p transitions monitor different events in anaphase, but that neither are required for anaphase B initiation. Our findings indicate that altered Mad2p anaphase spindle localizations can reflect changes in spindle function during mitotic exit that could contribute to fidelity in anaphase events.
A Unified Linear Camera Calibration Method Using Two Parallel Calibration Planes (1993)

In this paper, we examine the two plane camera calibration model in terms of perspective mapping, and present a new effective camera calibration method by taking the advantage of the conventional method and modifying it based on the exact perspective imaging.
The Hydrogenation of Coumarin and Related Compounds (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydrogenation of Coumarin and Related CompoundsPeter L. de Benneville and Ralph ConnorCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 2, 283–287Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01859a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01859a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views500Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An RF-to-DC energy harvester for co-integration in a low-power 2.4 GHz transceiver frontend (2012)

A 2.4 GHz energy harvester for co-integration into a low-power transceiver (TRx) operating at the same frequency is presented. An RF switch decouples the harvester from the TRx and keeps the performance degradation of the TRx low, i.e. 0.2 dB reduced output power in Tx-mode and 0.4 dB reduced sensitivity in Rx-mode. In order to enable the harvester to operate without a DC power supply, an RF switch is used that is passively turned on. The circuit is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS process, and requires a minimum input RF power of -10 dBm. Based on post-layout simulation results the proposed energy harvester achieves a peak efficiency of 22.7% at an input power level of -3 dBm.
PHARMACOTHERAPY OF CHILDHOOD ANXIETY DISORDERS (1992)

SIMEON, J. G. M.D.; KNOTT, V. J.; PHIL, D.; THATTE, S. M.D.; DUBOIS, C. D.; HONS, B. A.; WIGGINS, D. M.; GERAETS, I. Author Information
Plant Secondary Compounds; Their Impact on Forage Nutritive Value and upon Animal Production (2001)

Both the anti-nutritional and beneficial effects of secondary compounds in a range of temperate and tropical forages have been reviewed. Major secondary compounds in temperate and tropical forage plants occur in the phenolic fraction and include condensed and hydrolysable tannins, phenolic monomers and lignin. Condensed tannins (CT) bind to plant protein by pH-reversible hydrogen bonding. In temperate legume forages this reduces rumen protein degradation and can increase the absorption of essential amino acids (EAA) from the small intestine, with reactivity depending on CT concentration, molecular weight and chemical structure. Low concentrations of CT in Lotus corniculatus (20-40g/kg DM) increased EAA absorption by 62% and increased wool growth (15%) and ovulation rate (25%) in grazing sheep and increased milk production in ewes and dairy cows, all without changing voluntary feed intake (VFI). High concentrations of CT in Lotus pedunculatus (80-100 g/kg DM) depressed VFI and depressed rates of body and wool growth in grazing sheep. Sulla, containing 80-120 g CT/kg DM, was particularly effective for counteracting the effects of parasitism and for promoting high rates of body growth in parasitised lambs. CT is present in tropical species such as Leucaena and Acacia at higher concentrations (60-200 g/kg DM) than in temperate species. Action of CT reduced rumen protein degradation in sheep fed tropical forages, but as yet there is no convincing evidence that this leads to increases in EAA absorption from the small intestine or that CT increases animal production. Further research is needed in these areas with tropical forages, particularly on the relationship between CT structure and its reactivity with proteins. Increasing CT concentration did not depress rumen microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed either temperate or tropical forages, until CT concentration exceeded 130 g/kg DM. Effect of CT upon undegraded, dietary protein release in the small intestine and upon endogenous protein secretion is defined as a future research area.
Effect of local anaesthesia and/or analgesia on pain responses induced by piglet castration (2011)

The study concludes that lidocaine reduced pain during castration and that meloxicam reduced pain after castration. The study also concludes that the herdsmen were able to administer local anaesthesia effectively.
5α-reductase activity in cultured dermal papilla cells (1992)

髭・胸毛・四肢の終毛, 男性型脱毛をきたす前頭部・頭頂部の毛包はアンドロゲンの標的組織である. 一般に標的細胞において高い活性を示す5α-reductase活性を, 拔去毛包 (上皮成分のみ含む) を用いて測定したが, これらの部位でも活性は高くない. また培養した外毛根鞘細胞, 表皮ケラチノサイトでもテストステロンは5α-reductionよりも速やかに17β-oxidationを受け, 更にアンドロステロンに代謝される. これに対して, 培養髭毛乳頭細胞をテストステロンとインキュベートするとダイハイドロテストステロン (DHT) が主要代謝産物であり, 周辺の線維芽細胞・後頭部毛乳頭細胞よりも約3倍高い活性を示した. 髭毛乳頭細胞の5α-re-ductaseの至適pHは, 培養した包皮線維芽細胞と同様5.5にシャープなピークがみられた. 細胞内局在では粗核分画に全活性の半分以上が存在した. 以上の5α-reductaseの特徴から, 髭毛乳頭細胞は典型的なアンドロゲンの標的細胞といえる. 髭においてアンドロゲンの作用のすべてが間質を介して上皮に伝えられるのか, あるいは上皮への直接作用もあるのかについては, レセプターの局在など今後の研究にまたなければならない.
Chronic cardiotoxicity studies in rabbits with 7-con-O-methylnogarol, a new anthracycline antitumor agent. (1979)

Abstract 7- con-O -Methylnogarol (7-OMEN), a new analog of the anthracycline antibiotic, nogalamycin, has chemotherapeutic activity in several experimental mouse tumor systems. As part of the preclinical development of 7-OMEN, the cardiotoxic potential was evaluated in chronically dosed rabbits. Groups of 4 rabbits were dosed twice weekly i.v. with 11 or 33 mg/sq m/week for 12 weeks, 110 sq m/mg/week for 12 or 24 weeks, or 154 mg/sq m/week for 24 weeks to give cumulative doses of 132, 396, 1319, 2640, or 3700 mg/sq m, respectively. Histological studies showed minimal evidence of cardiotoxicity in rabbits which received 1319 mg/sq m or lower doses of 7-OMEN. However, the characteristic anthracycline-induced cardiac lesions (vacuolization, myocytolysis, and fibrosis) were present in mild to marked amounts in 8 of 8 rabbits which received cumulative doses of 2640 or 3700 mg/sq m. One rabbit in the 3700 mg/sq m group exhibited excess pericardial fluid; no other gross symptoms of cardiac toxicity were present. None of the 7-OMEN-treated rabbits died from cardiotoxicity. Four Adriamycin-treated control rabbits died of drug-induced cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure at 222 to 277 mg/sq m. Thus, 7-OMEN was less than one-fifteenth as potent as was Adriamycin in inducing cardiotoxicity in rabbits. 7-OMEN given at 220 mg/sq m/week for 3 to 4 weeks caused lethal bone marrow depression in 4 of 4 rabbits. At lower doses, 7-OMEN caused a mild to moderate, dose-related, regenerative, macrocytic anemia which was most severe approximately halfway through the 24-week study and then improved despite continuous twice-weekly dosing.
Crystalline structure and transition behavior of recrystallized-irradiated P(VDF-TrFE) 65∕35 copolymer (2004)

The effect of recrystallization on the crystalline structure and properties of P(VDF-TrFE) 65∕35mol% samples that had previously been irradiated with high-energy electrons at doses of 60, 85, and 100Mrad was studied. The crystallinity of the recrystallized samples was found to be lower than that of corresponding irradiated samples and the size of the crystalline regions in the recrystallized samples was smaller. For 60- and 85-Mrad irradiated samples, the crystalline regions in the recrystallized samples contained more Tm&gt;3 conformations than in the corresponding irradiated samples, while for 100-Mrad irradiated samples, the crystalline regions in the recrystallized samples had fewer Tm&gt;3 conformations. Based on their melting and structure transformation behaviors, the crystalline regions in the unrecrystallized irradiated samples have a much higher surface energy, probably originating from the compressive stress induced by crosslinking on the surface of the crystalline regions. Although the recrystallized samples have a lower surface energy, the crosslinking caused the crystalline regions in the polymer to have a partially ordered region on the surface of the crystalline regions. This partially ordered surface, i.e., the interfacial layer, results in a high polarization level in the recrystallized samples. Additionally, the recrystallized sample has a lower dielectric loss. These findings combined to make such recrystallized polymers strong candidates for use in applications requiring high-performance electroactive polymers.
Key Establishment Using Secure Distance Bounding Protocols (2007)

Key establishment is one of the major challenges in wireless personal area networks, as traditional security mechanisms often do not cope with the dynamic characteristics of wireless ad-hoc networks. In this paper, we present an efficient key establishment protocol, based on the basic Diffie-Hellman protocol. It enables mutual device authentication through presence and establishes a session key between personal mobile devices which do not yet share any authenticated cryptographic material. Distance bounding protocols, which have been introduced by Brands and Chaum at Eurocrypt'93 to preclude distance fraud and mafia fraud attacks, are employed to determine an upper- bound on the distance to another entity. Our solution only requires limited user-interaction: the user of a mobile device is expected to perform a visual verification within a small physical space.
Interfacial reaction control and its mechanism of AlN epitaxial films grown on Si(111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (2015)

High-quality AlN epitaxial films have been grown on Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) by effective control of the interfacial reactions between AlN films and Si substrates. The surface morphology, crystalline quality and interfacial property of as-grown AlN/Si hetero-interfaces obtained by PLD have been systemically studied. It is found that the amorphous SiAlN interfacial layer is formed during high temperature growth, which is ascribed to the serious interfacial reactions between Si atoms diffused from the substrates and the AlN plasmas produced by the pulsed laser when ablating the AlN target during the high temperature growth. On the contrary, abrupt and sharp AlN/Si hetero-interfaces can be achieved by effectively controlling the interfacial reactions at suitable growth temperature. The mechanisms for the evolution of interfacial layer from the amorphous SiAlN layer to the abrupt and sharp AlN/Si hetero-interfaces by PLD are hence proposed. This work of obtaining the abrupt interfaces and the flat surfaces for AlN films grown by PLD is of paramount importance for the application of high-quality AlN-based devices on Si substrates.
ANCESTRAL HAPLOTYPES CARRY HAPLOTYPIC AND HAPLOSPECIFIC POLYMORPHISMS OF BAT1: POSSIBLE RELEVANCE TO AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE (1992)

The human BAT1 gene, located in the central MHC region (approximately 170 kb centrometric of HLA-B), is polymorphic and the polymorphism correlates with MHC ancestral haplotypes. Allelic RFLP patterns have been assigned to several ancestral haplotypes and have been shown to be 'haplotypic' (i.e. found on all examples of the same ancestral haplotype) and in some cases 'haplospecific' (i.e. unique to one ancestral haplotype). The relevance of the BAT1 polymorphism to susceptibility to Myasthenia Gravis (MG) has been investigated. The frequency of the BAT1 B allelic pattern is increased in patients with MG (n = 16) compared to an equal number of control subjects. The increase is due to the association between MG and the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (HLA A1, Cw7, B8, BfS, C4AQ0, C4B1, DR3, DQw2).
Peroxynitrite-Induced DNA Strand Scission Mediated by a Manganese Porphyrin (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeroxynitrite-Induced DNA Strand Scission Mediated by a Manganese PorphyrinJohn T. Groves and Sudhakar S. MarlaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 37, 9578–9579Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00142a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00142a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views319Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts