gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of mild hyperthermia on the ischemic infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat (1991)

We investigated the effect of mild whole-body hyperthermia (40 degrees C) on a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model in Fisher rats by subjecting them to MCAo under the following conditions: (1) normothermia (n = 20); (2) hyperthermia (n = 14) before (1 hour), during, and after (1 hour) MCAo; and (3) post-MCAo hyperthermia (n = 14) for 1 hour. We measured brain and body temperatures during the experiment using micro-thermocouples and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability using Evans blue staining of the brain. We measured the volume of the infarcted brain tissue 4 days after MCAo. We detected no differences in BBB permeability among three groups. The volume of infarcted tissue was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) for the two groups of hyperthermic animals than the normothermic animals. Our data suggest that mild hyperthermia, both during and after induction of ischemia, has a detrimental effect on the ischemic infarct volume in this model.
Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications (1984)

Several methods for the analysis of remotely sensed reflectance data are compared, including empirical methods and scattering theories, both of which are important for solving remote sensing problems. The concept of the photon mean optical path length and the implications for use in modeling reflectance spectra are presented. It is shown that the mean optical path length in a particulate surface is in rough inverse proportion to the square root of the absorption coefficient. Thus, the stronger absorber a material is, the less photons will penetrate into the surface. The concept of apparent absorbance (‐In reflectance) is presented, and it is shown that absorption bands, which are Gaussian in shape when plotted as absorption coefficient (true absorbance) versus photon energy, are also Gaussians in apparent absorbance. However, the Gaussians in apparent absorbance have a smaller intensity and a width which is a factor of √2 larger. An apparent continuum in a reflectance spectrum is modeled as a mathematical function used to isolate a particular absorption feature for analysis. It is shown that a continuum should be removed by dividing it into the reflectance spectrum or subtracting it from the apparent absorbance and that the fitting of Gaussians to absorption features should be done using apparent absorbance versus photon energy. Kubelka‐Munk theory is only valid for materials with small total absorption and for bihemispherical reflectance, which are rarely encountered in geologic remote sensing. It is shown that the recently advocated bidirectional reflectance theories have the potential for use in deriving mineral abundance from a reflectance spectrum.
Derivatives of fluorene. XXXII. Diphenimides. 2. Some ring substituted N-2-fluorenyl-2',2"-diphenamic acids and diphenimides (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of fluorene. XXXII. Diphenimides. 2. Some ring substituted N-2-fluorenyl-2',2"-diphenamic acids and diphenimidesHsi-Lung Pan and T. Lloyd FletcherCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 3, 567–568Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00297a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00297a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tables of bond lengths determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Part 1. Bond lengths in organic compounds (1987)

The average lengths of bonds involving the elements H, B, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, As, Se, Br, Te, and l in organic compounds are reported.
Identification of heat transfer functions in continuous casting of steel by regularization (2000)

Abstract - For solving direct and inverse heat transfer problems in continuous casting of steel numerically, one needs to determine the heat transfer functions modelling secondary cooling as functions of the water flow rate. We present an approach based on regularization for identifying these heat transfer functions from temperature measurements on the strand surface; this approach works fine for simulated data with added noise and reasonably well for real data.
Crosstalk between osteoblasts and endothelial cells co-cultured on a polycaprolactone–starch scaffold and the in vitro development of vascularization (2009)

The reconstruction of bone defects based on cell-seeded constructs requires a functional microvasculature that meets the metabolic demands of the engineered tissue. Therefore, strategies that augment neovascularization need to be identified. We propose an in vitro strategy consisting of the simultaneous culture of osteoblasts and endothelial cells on a starch-based scaffold for the formation of pre-vascular structures, with the final aim of accelerating the establishment of a vascular bed in the implanted construct. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) were co-cultured with human osteoblasts (hOBs) on a 3D starch-based scaffold and after 21 days of culture HDMEC aligned and organized into microcapillary-like structures. These vascular-like structures evolved from a cord-like configuration to a more complex branched morphology, had a lumen and stained in the perivascular region for type IV collagen. Genetic profiling of 84 osteogenesis-related genes was performed on co-culture vs. monoculture. Osteoblasts in co-culture showed a significant up-regulation of type I collagen and immunohistochemistry revealed that the scaffold was filled with a dense matrix stained for type I collagen. In direct contact with HDMEC hOBs secreted higher amounts of VEGF in relation to monoculture and the highest peak in the release profile correlated with the formation of microcapillary-like structures. The heterotypic communication between the two cell types was also assured by direct cell-cell contact as shown by the expression of the gap junction connexin 43. In summary, by making use of heterotypic cellular crosstalk this co-culture system is a strategy to form vascular-like structures in vitro on a 3D scaffold.
Increased expression of preprotachykinin-I and neurokinin receptors in human breast cancer cells: Implications for bone marrow metastasis (2000)

Neuropeptides are implicated in many tumors, breast cancer (BC) included. Preprotachykinin-I (PPT-I) encodes multiple neuropeptides with pleiotropic functions such as neurotransmission, immune/hematopoietic modulation, angiogenesis, and mitogenesis. PPT-I is constitutively expressed in some tumors. In this study, we investigated a role for PPT-I and its receptors, neurokinin-1 (NK-1) and NK-2, in BC by using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, ELISA, and in situ hybridization. Compared with normal mammary epithelial cells (n = 2) and benign breast biopsies (n = 21), BC cell lines (n = 7) and malignant breast biopsies (n = 25) showed increased expression of PPT-I and NK-1. NK-2 levels were high in normal and malignant cells. Specific NK-1 and NK-2 antagonists inhibited BC cell proliferation, suggesting autocrine and/or intercrine stimulation of BC cells by PPT-I peptides. NK-2 showed no effect on the proliferation of normal cells but mediated the proliferation of BC cells. Cytosolic extracts from malignant BC cells enhanced PPT-I translation whereas extracts from normal mammary epithelial cells caused no change. These enhancing effects may be protein-specific because a similar increase was observed for IL-6 translation and no effect was observed for IL-1alpha and stem cell factor. The data suggest that PPT-I peptides and their receptors may be important in BC development. Considering that PPT-I peptides are hematopoietic modulators, these results could be extended to understand early integration of BC cells in the bone marrow, a preferred site of metastasis. Molecular signaling transduced by PPT-I peptides and the mechanism that enhances translation of PPT-I mRNA could lead to innovative strategies for BC treatments and metastasis.
Short Hairpin RNA against PTEN Enhances Regenerative Growth of Corticospinal Tract Axons after Spinal Cord Injury (2013)

Developing approaches to promote the regeneration of descending supraspinal axons represents an ideal strategy for rebuilding neuronal circuits to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Our previous studies demonstrated that genetic deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in mouse corticospinal neurons reactivates their regenerative capacity, resulting in significant regeneration of corticospinal tract (CST) axons after SCI. However, it is unknown whether nongenetic methods of suppressing PTEN have similar effects and how regenerating axons interact with the extrinsic environment. Herein, we show that suppressing PTEN expression with short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) promotes the regeneration of injured CST axons, and these axons form anatomical synapses in appropriate areas of the cord caudal to the lesion. Importantly, this model of increased CST regrowth enables the analysis of extrinsic regulators of CST regeneration in vivo. We find that regenerating axons avoid dense clusters of fibroblasts and macrophages in the lesion, suggesting that these cell types might be key inhibitors of axon regeneration. Furthermore, most regenerating axons cross the lesion in association with astrocytes, indicating that these cells might be important for providing a permissive bridge for axon regeneration. Lineage analysis reveals that these bridge-forming astrocytes are not derived from ependymal stem cells within the spinal cord, suggesting that they are more likely derived from a subset of mature astrocytes. Overall, this study reveals insights into the critical extrinsic and intrinsic regulators of axon regeneration and establishes shRNA as a viable means to manipulate these regulators and translate findings into other mammalian models.
Surgical techniques for total sacrectomy and spinopelvic reconstruction (2003)

The surgical management of sacral tumors requires partial or total sacrectomy and spinopelvic reconstruction. These lesions present a great surgical challenge, because most spine surgeons are unfamiliar with the techniques required for these procedures. The authors describe a step-by-step operative technique and provide several illustrations. Total sacrectomy is performed by sequential anterior and posterior approaches that involve a rectus abdominis pullthrough pedicle flap reconstruction. The anterior procedure is an intraperitoneal approach used to expose the anterior aspect of the tumor, to ligate the main tumor vessels, and to conduct an anterior partial sacrectomy. After this, the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, based on the inferior epigastric vessel, is prepared, and a posterior sacrectomy is performed, dividing all sacral nerve roots in the thecal sac. After complete en bloc extirpation of the sacrum with tumor, spinopelvic reconstruction and closure with a myocutaneous flap are performed. Spinopelvic reconstruction is undertaken using a modified Galveston technique or double iliac screw fixation combined with posterior lumbar segmental fixation. These provide a long lever arm within the ilium to counteract the forces exerted by the lumbar spine. Understanding the nature of the disease as well as the biomechanics of the lumbosacral pelvic area and spinopelvic fixation will help surgeons select the appropriate treatment for sacral tumors.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing with Femtosecond Pulses (1995)

Ultrashort laser pulses have always had a central place in the study of high-speed phenomena as well as in applications involving very high data rates. Here, we present an application of femtosecond laser pulses that is not directly related to high speed, but rather makes use of the large spectral bandwidth of short pulses. Conventionally, wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems utilize a separate laser for each WDM channel. For systems with many channels the wavelength of each laser then needs to be controlled and stabilized individually to assure that the emission wavelength coincides with the pre-assigned WDM channels. This need for multiple, frequency-stabilized sources is a considerable problem for any WDM systems.
Feeding lactate for CHO cell culture processes: Impact on culture metabolism and performance (2011)

Lactate has long been regarded as one of the key metabolites of mammalian cell cultures. High levels of lactate have clear negative impacts on cell culture processes, and therefore, a great amount of efforts have been made to reduce lactate accumulation and/or to induce lactate consumption in the later stage of cultures. However, there is virtually no report on the impact of lactate depletion after initial accumulation. In this work, we observed that glucose uptake rate dropped over 50% at the onset of lactate consumption, and that catabolism of alanine due to lactate depletion led to ammonium accumulation. We explored the impact of feeding lactate as well as pyruvate to the cultures. In particular, a strategy was employed where CO(2) was replaced by lactic acid for culture pH control, which enabled automatic lactate feeding. The results demonstrated that lactate or pyruvate can serve as an alternative or even preferred carbon source during certain stage of the culture in the presence of glucose, and that by feeding lactate or pyruvate, very low levels of ammonia can be achieved throughout the culture. In addition, low levels of pCO(2) were also maintained in these cultures. This was in strong contrast to the control cultures where lactate was depleted during the culture, and ammonia and pCO(2) build-up were significant. Culture growth and productivity were similar between the control and lactate-fed cultures, as well as various product quality attributes. To our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive study on lactate depletion and offers a simple yet effective strategy to overcome ammonia and pCO(2) accumulation that could arise in certain cultures due to early depletion of lactate.
Introduction: Biomineralization (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction: BiomineralizationLara A. EstroffView Author Information Cornell University Ithaca, New YorkCite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 11, 4329–4331Publication Date (Web):November 12, 2008Publication History Received29 September 2008Published online12 November 2008Published inissue 12 November 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr8004789https://doi.org/10.1021/cr8004789editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views20776Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (77 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biomineralization,Crystallization,Crystals,Inorganic carbon compounds,Minerals Get e-Alerts
Magnetic resonance imaging tracking of human adipose derived stromal cells within three-dimensional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2011)

For bone tissue engineering, human Adipose Derived Stem Cells (hADSCs) are proposed to be associated with a scaffold for promoting bone regeneration. After implantation, cellularised scaffolds require a non-invasive method for monitoring their fate in vivo. The purpose of this study was to use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based tracking of these cells, labelled with magnetic agents for in vivo longitudinal assessment. hADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue and labelled with USPIO-rhodamine (Ultrasmall SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide). USPIO internalisation, absence of toxicity towards hADSCs, and osteogenic differentiation of the labelled cells were evaluated in standard culture conditions. Labelled cells were then seeded within a 3D porous polysaccharide-based scaffold and imaged in vitro using fluorescence microscopy and MRI. Cellularised scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and MRI analyses were performed from 1 to 28 d after implantation. In vitro, no effect of USPIO labelling on cell viability and osteogenic differentiation was found. USPIO were efficiently internalised by hADSCs and generated a high T2* contrast. In vivo MRI revealed that hADSCs remain detectable until 28 d after implantation and could migrate from the scaffold and colonise the area around it. These data suggested that this scaffold might behave as a cell carrier capable of both holding a cell fraction and delivering cells to the site of implantation. In addition, the present findings evidenced that MRI is a reliable technique to validate cell-seeding procedures in 3D porous scaffolds, and to assess the fate of hADSCs transplanted in vivo.
Review: <i>Strange Alloy: The Relation of Comedy to Tragedy in the Fiction of Henry James</i>, by Ellen Douglass Leyburn and <i>Experiments in Form: Henry James's Novels, 1896-1901</i>, by Walter Isle (1968)

Book Review| December 01 1968 Review: Strange Alloy: The Relation of Comedy to Tragedy in the Fiction of Henry James, by Ellen Douglass Leyburn and Experiments in Form: Henry James's Novels, 1896-1901, by Walter Isle Strange Alloy: The Relation of Comedy to Tragedy in the Fiction of Henry JamesEllen Douglass LeyburnExperiments in Form: Henry James's Novels, 1896-1901Walter Isle Laurence B. Holland Laurence B. Holland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nineteenth-Century Fiction (1968) 23 (3): 361–365. https://doi.org/10.2307/2932569 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Laurence B. Holland; Review: Strange Alloy: The Relation of Comedy to Tragedy in the Fiction of Henry James, by Ellen Douglass Leyburn and Experiments in Form: Henry James's Novels, 1896-1901, by Walter Isle. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 1 December 1968; 23 (3): 361–365. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2932569 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentNineteenth-Century Literature Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1968 By The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Chromosome abnormalities, cellular DNA content, oncogene amplification and growth pattern in agar culture of human neuroblastomas. (1991)

The association of ability to grow in vitro, non-random chromosome abnormalities, DNA ploidy and oncogene amplification with prognosis may lead to a better understanding of the biology of neuroblastomas. In a pilot study fresh tumour tissue was obtained from 4 consecutive patients at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Chromosome abnormalities were detected in 3 out of 3 successfully karyotyped tumours, and one or more aneuploid stem lines were detected in 4 out of 4 tumours using flow cytometry. The N-myc oncogene was amplified in 1 out of 3 tumours tested. Continuous cell lines could be established from all 3 advanced stage tumours. This pilot study has shown that fresh tumour tissue can be obtained and successfully studied for various fundamental aspects of the biology of neuroblastomas.
High-Rate Reactive Ion Etching of SiO<sub>2</sub> Using a Magnetron Discharge (1981)

A magnetron discharge has been used for high-rate reactive ion etching. A SiO 2 wafer situated on the cathode was etched by scanning a rectangular permanent magnet under the cathode coupled with a power of 13.56 MHz which generated an intense plasma loop over the cathode. The SiO 2 etch rate of 1.1 µm/min and the SiO 2 /Si selective ratio of 9.5 was achieved by employing CHF 3 under a magnetic field of 1 k Gauss and an input rf power of 1.6 W/cm 2 . This condition lowers the ion bombarding voltage of 80 Å on the Si surface. The plasma scanning and an electrostatic chacking of the wafer to the wafer-cooled cathode produces an anisotropic etched feature without photoresist degradation.
Management of polycythaemia in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease (1999)

Editor,—I welcome Thorne’s editorial1 reiterating the pitfalls of overzealous venesection in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease. As she states there is now a body of opinion highlighting the detrimental effects of inappropriate venesection. The evidence these conclusions are based on, however, is sparse and retrospective. This will unfortunately be a feature of a relatively new field such as adult congenital disease practice until multicentred collaboration and prospective studies are …
New method for coating fermentation tower packing so as to facilitate microorganism attachment. [Microorganism culture method] (1974)

A new method has been developed for the coating of fermentation tower packing. Stoneware or plastic distillation tower packing is dip or tumble coated in a mixture composed of carrier protein and polyelectrolyte. Gelatin has been used as the carrier protein. The protein-polyelectrolyte mixture is then cross-linked on the packing surface with glutaraldehyde, ethylchloroformate, or formaldehyde, to form a thin, insoluble, hydrophilic coating. Microorganisms are then applied to the coating either as a finely divided freeze-dried power or directly from solution. When microorganisms are applied to the packing from solution, they are often pretreated with an ion or polyelectrolyte opposite in charge to that used in the coating. Use of the coated packing technique has several advantages over conventional batchgrowth systems. The technique is simple and the equipment is inexpensive. This method is applicable to the culture of various types of microorganisms, such as yeasts, mixed volatile-acid-forming cultures, mixed methane cultures, lactic acid cultures, and denitrifying cultures. This method has many of the advantages of the collagen electrocodeposition system, but it appears simpler to apply to large systems.