gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunosurveillance by human γδ T lymphocytes: the emerging role of butyrophilins (2017)

In contrast to conventional T lymphocytes, which carry an αβ T-cell receptor and recognize antigens as peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class I or class II molecules, human γδ T cells recognize different metabolites such as non-peptidic pyrophosphate molecules that are secreted by microbes or overproduced by tumor cells. Hence, γδ T cells play a role in immunosurveillance of infection and cellular transformation. Until recently, it has been unknown how the γδ T-cell receptor senses such pyrophosphates in the absence of known antigen-presenting molecules. Recent studies from several groups have identified a unique role of butyrophilin (BTN) protein family members in this process, notably of BTN3A1. BTNs are a large family of transmembrane proteins with diverse functions in lipid secretion and innate and adaptive immunity. Here we discuss current models of how BTN molecules regulate γδ T-cell activation. We also address the implications of these recent findings on the design of novel immunotherapeutic strategies based on the activation of γδ T cells.
Novel xylan-controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins to inflamed colon by the human anaerobic commensal bacterium (2013)

The use of genetically engineered B ovatus for the controlled and localised delivery of epithelial growth promoting and immunomodulatory proteins has potential clinical applications for the treatment of various diseases targeting the colon.
Automatic Video Analysis for Fisheries Survey Systems (2015)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2015
The Genetic and Molecular Basis of Root Development (1994)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Top‐down processed silicon nanowire transistor arrays for biosensing (2009)

Abstract We describe the fabrication, electrical and electrochemical characterization of silicon nanowire arrays, which were processed in a top‐down approach using combined nanoimprint lithography and wet chemical etching. We used the top silicon layer as contact line and observed an influence of implantation and subsequent annealing of these lines to the device performance. In addition we found a subthreshold slope dependence on wire size. When operated in a liquid environment, wires can be utilized as pH sensors. We characterized the pH sensitivity in the linear range and in the subthreshold operation regime. As a first proof‐of‐principle experiment for the later use of the sensors in bioassays, we monitored the buildup of polyelectrolyte multilayers on the wire surface. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antibacterial Acylphloroglucinols from <i>Hypericum olympicum</i> (2011)

New antibacterial acylphloroglucinols (1-5) were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of the plant Hypericum olympicum L. cf. uniflorum. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments to be 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,6″-octadienyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (1), 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(7″-hydroxy-3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,5″-octadienyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (2), 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(6″-hydroxy-3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,7″-octadienyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (3), 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(6″-hydroperoxy-3″,7″-dimethyl-2″,7″-octadienyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (4), and 4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(6″,7″-epoxy-3″,7″-dimethyloct-2″-enyl)-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)benzene (5). These new natural products have been given the trivial names olympicins A-E (1-5). All compounds were evaluated against a panel of methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus and multidrug-resistant strains of Staph. aureus. Compound 1 exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5-1 mg/L against the tested Staph. aureus strains. Compounds 2 to 5 were also shown to be active, with MICs ranging from 64 to 128 mg/L. Compound 1 was synthesized using a simple four-step method that can be readily utilized to give a number of structural analogues of 1.
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor genevzg-1/lpA1/edg-2 is expressed by mature oligodendrocytes during myelination in the postnatal murine brain (1998)

The growth-factor-like phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) mediates a wide variety of biological functions. We recently reported the cloning of the first G-protein-coupled receptor for LPA, called ventricular zone gene-1 (vzg-1/lpA1/edg-2) because its embryonic central nervous system (CNS) expression is restricted to the neocortical ventricular zone (Hecht et al. [1996] J. Cell Biol. 135:1071-1083). Vzg-1 neural expression diminishes at the end of the cortical neurogenetic period, just before birth. Here, we have investigated the subsequent reappearance of vzg-1 expression in the postnatal murine brain, by using in situ hybridization and northern blot analyses. Vzg-1 expression was undetectable by in situ hybridization at birth, but reappeared in the hindbrain during the 1st postnatal week. Subsequently, expression expanded from caudal to rostral, with peak expression observed around postnatal day 18. At all postnatal ages, vzg-1 expression was concentrated in and around developing white matter tracts, and its expansion, peak, and subsequent downregulation closely paralleled the progress of myelination. Double-label in situ hybridization studies demonstrated that vzg-1-expressing cells co-expressed mRNA encoding proteolipid protein (PLP), a mature oligodendrocyte marker, but not glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker. Consistent with this, vzg-1 mRNA expression was reduced by 40% in the brains of jimpy mice, which exhibit aberrant oligodendrocyte differentiation and cell death. Together with our characterization of vzg-1 during cortical neurogenesis, these data suggest distinct pre- and postnatal roles for LPA in the development of neurons and oligodendrocytes and implicate lysophospholipid signaling as a potential regulator of myelination.
Identification of thecis-acting endoplasmic reticulum stress response element responsible for transcriptional induction of mammalian glucose-regulated proteins. Involvement of basic leucine zipper transcription factors. (1999)

Page 33744, Fig. 2, A andB: The locations of the first C residue of CCAAT of human GRP94 ERSE3 and murine ERp72 ERSE1 and ERSE2 should be −195, −179, and −194, respectively. We thank Dr. Amy S. Lee for pointing out these errors.
Assessment of martensite content in austenitic stainless steel specimens by eddy current testing (2006)

Martensitic transformation is frequently observed in some manufacturing processes of austenitic stainless steel components, such as embedding, drawing, grinding or burnishing. The presence of martensite in an austenitic stainless steel implies a decrease in the tensile strain rate, which affects its manufacturing and, especially, its resistance to stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement. On the other hand, the increase of the mechanical properties due to the presence of martensite, is useful for some applications, such as spring manufacturing. Hence, to know the amount of martensite present in an austenitic stainless steel is very important, especially if the martensite is quantified through a nondestructive technique. Eddy current testing (ECT) is an applicable method, the signals displaying information about the properties of the material. In this work a technique was developed to extract that information from ECT signals obtained with a conventional equipment. This martensite content could be estimated from the impedance modelling (Z) of probes coupled to lightly magnetic materials, and through adequate calibration. For the development of this method, AISI 304, 316 and 347 austenitic stainless steel specimens were used with different contents of a' martensite, which were tested with an ECTMAD8D equipment. Voltages measured during testing were mathematically transformed into the impedance plane and were compared with Z theoretical curves, showing a good correspondence. A linear relationship between the Z experimental components and the α'content of the specimens was verified, which makes this procedure suitable for the assessment of the martensite content in this type of stainless steels if adequate calibration pieces are available.
Anglo-Saxon Church and Society c. 1000 (2003)

About the year 1001, a peasant ploughing a field at Slepe, in a manor belonging to the abbey of Ramsey, stumbled upon the bones of four bodies hidden in the soil. One set of bones was extravagantly identified in a dream as those of St Ivo, a Persian bishop, no less, who had spent his last days in England as a hermit. A great crowd witnessed the translation of these relics from Slepe to the abbey. So that the relics would be accessible for public veneration, the sarcophagus containing them was allowed to protrude through the abbey walls into the world outside. A spring gushed from the sepulchre and became the source of many cures. Some people were sceptical: a foreign monk suspected the cult to be nothing more than the product of silly, superstitious rustics, who were habitually deceived out of heathen error into making cults of springs and bones. But his objections were stilled by the spring's miraculous powers.1 KeywordsEleventh CenturyLocal ChurchRoyal PowerRoyal AuthorityLate Eleventh CenturyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
<title>Combined ultrasound and optical tomography imaging</title> (1999)

We introduce a novel imaging technique that combines the complementary features of ultrasound and near infrared diffusive light imaging. It may have potential for improved breast cancer detection and specificity. The combined technology is achieved experimentally by mounting an ultrasound array together with multiple laser diode sources and multiple optical detectors on a hand held scan probe. We demonstrate the technique in tissue phantoms wherein both acoustic and optical sensors image the volume underneath the probe. Co-registration of acoustic and optical images is achieved with an accuracy of 0.42 cm (std 0.28cm) which is the image pixel size of our prototype.
Ant Colony Optimization in Thinned Array Synthesis With Minimum Sidelobe Level (2006)

The synthesis of unequally spaced large arrays is computationally unapproachable without using an optimization technique. In complex structures, gradient implementations converge to local minima and cannot be used to obtain a desired solution. Thus, global search methods are necessary to get specific design characteristics. In this letter, we propose the ant colony optimization (ACO) as an useful alternative in the thinned array design, using the sidelobe level (SLL) as the desirability parameter. Some examples have been proposed and solved to demonstrate the functionality of this technique for both linear and planar arrays
Load Balancing Mechanisms in the Software Defined Networks: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review of the Literature (2018)

With the expansion of the network and increasing their users, as well as emerging new technologies, such as cloud computing and big data, managing traditional networks is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to change the traditional network architecture. Lately, to address this issue, a notion named software-defined network (SDN) has been proposed, which makes network management more conformable. Due to limited network resources and to meet the requirements of quality of service, one of the points that must be considered is load balancing issue that serves to distribute data traffic among multiple resources in order to maximize the efficiency and reliability of network resources. Load balancing is established based on the local information of the network in the conventional network. Hence, it is not very precise. However, SDN controllers have a global view of the network and can produce more optimized load balances. Although load balancing mechanisms are important in the SDN, to the best of our knowledge, there exists no precise and systematic review or survey on investigating these issues. Hence, this paper reviews the load balancing mechanisms which have been used in the SDN systematically based on two categories, deterministic and non-deterministic. Also, this paper represents benefits and some weakness regarded of the selected load balancing algorithms and investigates the metrics of their algorithms. In addition, the important challenges of these algorithms have been reviewed, so better load balancing techniques can be applied by the researchers in the future.
Making LRU Friendly to Weak Locality Workloads: A Novel Replacement Algorithm to Improve Buffer Cache Performance (2005)

Although the LRU replacement algorithm has been widely used in buffer cache management, it is well-known for its inability to cope with access patterns with weak locality. Previously proposed algorithms to improve LRU greatly increase complexity and/or cannot provide consistently improved performance. Some of the algorithms only address LRU problems on certain specific and predefined cases. Motivated by the limitations of existing algorithms, we propose a general and efficient replacement algorithm, called Low Inter-reference Recency Set (LIRS). LIRS effectively addresses the limitations of LRU by using recency to evaluate Inter-Reference Recency (IRR) of accessed blocks for making a replacement decision. This is in contrast to what LRU does: directly using recency to predict the next reference time. Meanwhile, LIRS mostly retains the simple assumption adopted by LRU for predicting future block access behaviors. Conducting simulations with a variety of traces of different access patterns and with a wide range of cache sizes, we show that LIRS significantly outperforms LRU and outperforms other existing replacement algorithms in most cases. Furthermore, we show that the additional cost for implementing LIRS is trivial in comparison with that of LRU. We also show that the LIRS algorithm can be extended into a family of replacement algorithms, in which LRU is a special member.
Laser Ignition Device and Its Application to Forestry, Fire and Land Management (1987)

Abstract: A laser ignition device for controlled burning of forest logging slash has been developed and successfully tested. The device, which uses a kilowatt class carbon dioxide laser, operates at distances of 50 to 1500 meters. Acquisition and focus control are achieved by the use of a laser rangefinder and acquisition telescope. Additional uses for the device include back burning, selected undergrowth removal, safe ignition of oil spills, and deicing. A truck mounted version will be operational by fall 1987 and an airborne version by summer 1988. A laser ignition device (LID), intended initially for the controlled burning of forest logging slash, has been developed and successfully tested, for this and a number of other applications. The device employs a kilowatt class carbon dioxide laser, the output of which is beam expanded and then focused to give a small, intense &quot;spot &quot; of heat at distances from approximately 50 to 1500 meters. Acquisition and precise focus control are achieved by the use of a laser rangefinder and acquisition telescope. The device is fully steerable, can be ground based, airborne, or mounted on seacraft. Initially, the device will be truck mounted and
The Pursuit of a Scalable Nanofabrication Platform for Use in Material and Life Science Applications (2008)

In this Account, we describe the use of perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based materials that are able to accurately mold and replicate micro- and nanosized features using traditional techniques such as embossing as well as new techniques that we developed to exploit the exceptional surface characteristics of fluorinated substrates. Because of the unique partial wetting and nonwetting characteristics of PFPEs, we were able to go beyond the usual molding and imprint lithography approaches and have created a technique called PRINT (Particle [or Pattern] Replication In Nonwetting Templates). PRINT is a distinctive "top-down" fabrication technique capable of generating isolated particles, arrays of particles, and arrays of patterned features for a plethora of applications in both nanomedicine and materials science. A particular strength of the PRINT technology is the high-resolution molding of well-defined particles with precise control over size, shape, deformability, and surface chemistry. The level of replication obtained showcases some of the unique characteristics of PFPE molding materials. In particular, these materials arise from very low surface energy precursors with positive spreading coefficients, can be photocured at ambient temperature, and are minimally adhesive, nonswelling, and conformable. These distinctive features enable the molding of materials with unique attributes and nanometer resolution that have unprecedented scientific and technological value. For example, in nanomedicine, the use of PFPE materials with the PRINT technique allows us to design particles in which we can tailor key therapeutic parameters such as bioavailability, biodistribution, target-specific cell penetration, and controlled cargo release. Similarly, in materials science, we can fabricate optical films and lens arrays, replicate complex, naturally occurring objects such as adenovirus particles, and create 2D patterned arrays of inorganic oxides.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) activity in hepatocellular carcinoma, benign peri-neoplastic and normal liver. (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the ten most common cancers in Malaysian males. As cellular proliferation is an important feature of malignant transformation, we studied the proliferation pattern of normal and benign perineoplastic liver versus hepatocellular carcinoma in an attempt to further understand the tumour transformation process. 39 HCC (21 with accompanying and 18 without cirrhosis) histologically diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre between January 1992 and December 2003 were immunohistochemically studied using a monoclonal antibody to PCNA (Clone PC10: Dako). 20 livers from cases who had succumbed to traumatic injuries served as normal liver controls (NL). PCNA labeling index (PCNA-LI) was determined by counting the number of immunopositive cells in 1000 contiguous HCC, benign cirrhotic perineoplastic liver (BLC), benign perineoplastic non-cirrhotic (BLNC) and NL cells and conversion to a percentage. The PCNA-LI was also expressed as Ojanguren et al's grades. PCNA was expressed in 10% NL, 38.9% BLNC, 76.2% BLC and 71.8% HCC with BLNC, BLC and HCC showing significantly increased (p < 0.05) number of cases which expressed PCNA compared with NL. The number of BLC which expressed PCNA was also significantly increased compared with BLNC. PCNA-LI ranged from 0-2.0% (mean = 0.2%) in NL, 0-2.0% (mean = 0.3%) in BLNC, 0-3.6% (mean = 0.7%) in BLC and 0-53.8% (mean = 7.6%) in HCC with PCNA-LI significantly increased (p < 0.05) only in HCC compared with BLC, BLNC and NL. Accordingly, all NL, BLC and BLNC showed minimal (<5% cells being immunopositive) immunoreactivity on Ojanguren et al's grading system and only HCC demonstrated immunoreactivity which ranged up to grade 3 (75% of cells). From this study, there appears to be a generally increasing trend of proliferative activity from NL to BLNC to BLC and HCC. Nonetheless, BLNC and BLC, like NL, retained low PCNA-LI and only HCC had a significantly increased PCNA-LI compared with the benign categories. This is probably related to the malignant nature of HCC and may reflect the uncontrolled proliferation of the neoplastic hepatocytes.
Single <i>rol</i> Genes from the <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> T<sub>L</sub>-DNA Alter Some of the Cellular Responses to Auxin in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (1991)

Two kinds of cellular responses to auxin, the hyperpolarization of protoplasts and the division of protoplast-derived cells, were compared in Nicotiana tabacum plants transformed by different T-DNA fragments of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. Using transmembrane potential difference measurements to characterize hormonal sensitivity of mesophyll protoplasts, we found a 30-fold increase in sensitivity to auxin in protoplasts transformed by the whole Ri A4 T-DNA. Furthermore, the rol genes of the Ri A4 T(L)-DNA, together or as single genes, were able to increase the sensitivity to auxin by factors up to 10(4). The different effects of the single rol genes on the sensitivity of mesophyll protoplasts to auxin, rolB being the most powerful, were consistent with their respective rhizogenic effects on leaf fragments (A Spena, T Schmülling, C Koncz, J Schell [1987] EMBO J 6: 3891-3899). No difference was seen concerning the effects of auxin on division of cells derived from normal or transformed protoplasts. These results suggest that only some cellular responses to auxin could be selectively altered by rol genes. They also show that rol-transformed tobaccos can be a model system to study auxin action in plants.
A Novel Synthesis Route to Produce Boron Nitride Nanotubes for Bioapplications (2011)

Nanostructures of boron nitride have attracted a great deal of interest due to their potential applications that comprise a broad range of topics, including biomedical technology, since it presents good chemical stability and suggests good biological inertia. This paper reports a facile and effective synthesis based on CVD process with new conditions to produce boron nitride nanotubes in higher amount using boron powder, ammonium nitrate and hematite as catalysts in tubular furnace, without using extreme conditions. The characterization of the material was carried out by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the results, it was possible to verify the production of a hexagonal BN nanotube filled with Fe nanoparticles. It was possible to understand the reactions involved in synthesis process, and also confirm the formation of hexagonal boron nitride nanotubes with iron nanoparticles as catalysts. Depending on the final use, samples need to be purified to analyze their unique properties in some bioapplications. In the other hand, sometimes BNNTs containing Fe nanoparticles have potential for use in therapeutic drug, gene and radionuclide delivery, and radio frequency methods for the catabolism of tumors via hyperthermia. In this sense, some application-related studies on BNNTs such as biocompatibility tests have also been investigated in both pure and BN nanotube filled with Fe.
SemEval-2007 task 15 (2007)

The TempEval task proposes a simple way to evaluate automatic extraction of temporal relations. It avoids the pitfalls of evaluating a graph of inter-related labels by defining three sub tasks that allow pairwise evaluation of temporal relations. The task not only allows straightforward evaluation, it also avoids the complexities of full temporal parsing.