gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Lipoprotein and Adrenal Steroidogenesis: I. Roles of Low Density Lipoprotein- and High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol in Steroid Production in Cultured Human Adrenocortical Cells. (1987)

The roles of human low density lipoprotein (LDL)- cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol on adrenal steroidogenesis were investigated using cultured human adult and fetal adrenocortical cells and the findings were then compared to those obtained with bovine adrenocortical cells. The secretion of cortisol in both human and bovine adrenocortical cells was dose-dependently increased by the administration of LDL- or HDL-cholesterol in the presence of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). LDL-cholesterol was utilized to a greater extent than HDL-cholesterol in both human and bovine adrenal steroidogenesis in the presence of ACTH. Exogenous lipoprotein-derived cholesterol was less utilized in human adrenal steroidogenesis than in bovine adrenal steroidogenesis, compared to the endogenous cholesterol. An increase in the secretion of cortisol and dehydroepi androsterone sulfate (DHEA-S) continued for the 5-day culture period, in the presence of lipoprotein cholesterol and ACTH in both human adult and fetal adrenocortical cells. The secretion of aldosterone increased on the first day of the culture period, then gradually decreased for the 5-day culture period in human adult adrenocortical cells, but not in human fetal adrenocortical cells in the presence of lipoprotein cholesterol and ACTH. These findings demonstrate that exogenous cholesterol utilized in the biosynthesis of steroids is mainly from LDL-cholesterol in both human adult and fetal adrenals and bovine adrenal and the proportion of cholesterol synthesized de novo is significantly larger in the human adult adrenal than in the bovine adrenal.
Characterization of an AlGaN/GaN Electrostatically Actuated Cantilever using Finite Element Method (2010)

A 3D model of an electrostatically actuated micro cantilever has been developed for characterization using the finite element method (FEM). The microcantilever has an AlGaN/GaN HFET embedded on its base. Through various FEM simulations we are able to determine its operating frequency, electrostatic response, and strains about the AlGaN/GaN interface. This simulated cantilever system is more complex than most because it incorporates very thin subdomains. Since there is such a large difference in scale between the cantilever and the thin films, mapped and swept meshing is used heavily to reduce memory requirements and computation time. The complex, asymmetric top geometry of this structure makes 3D FEM simulation more desirable over standard PDE based analysis.
Closed kinetic chain assessment/ rehabilitation for improved function in the older patient (1995)

This article identifies the efficacy of closed kinetic chain assessments and rehabilitation of the lower extremities in specific regard to promoting improved function in the older patient. Clinicians have typically used more traditional means of evaluating function (eg, manual muscle tests, joint range of motion, isokinetic values) rather than using functional tests. To evaluate function of the lower extremities, biomechanical analysis will be addressed in specific regard to multijoint, multiplane, integrated movement that occurs during functional activities. Specific functional tests and measurements will also be provided.
Theoretical size of hydraulically induced horizontal fractures and corresponding surface uplift in an idealized medium (1969)

For the disposal of radioactive wastes by hydraulic fracturing and grout injection, it is considered essential that the induced fractures be nearly horizontal. Bottom-hole injection pressure in excess of overburden pressure has been recognized as one indication that fracturing is horizontal. The amount of uplift of the ground surface caused by the injection can be used as another indicator. For an impervious, homogeneous, isotropic medium, a mathematical model for calculating the amount of uplift of the ground surface, the maximum separation of the horizontally induced fracture at the injection well site, and the radius of extension of the fracture was developed from the basic formulas derived by I.N. Sneddon (1946) and A.E. Green (1949). If the bottom-hole injection pressure is greater than the overburden pressure, and the observed uplift is nearly the same as the calculated uplift, the fracture orientation probably is nearly horizontal. Uplifts from 9 injections made at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, from 1960 through 1965, have been used to test the validity of the mathematical model. The calculations agree reasonably well with the observed data. (31 refs.)
Guided elastic waves along a rod defect of a two-dimensional phononic crystal (2004)

It was shown that elastic waves propagating out-of-plane in a two-dimensional phononic crystal can experience full-band-gaps for nonzero values of the wave-vector component parallel to the rods. By further inserting a rod defect, it is demonstrated that modes propagating along the rod defect can be localized within the band-gaps of the phononic crystal. Such waveguide modes are exhibited for a tungsten/epoxy composite containing an aluminum nitride rod as the rod defect. It is expected that guided modes of such a structure can be excited and detected electrically owing to the piezoelectric effect.
A dominant mutation in the bacteriophage lambda <i>S</i> gene causes premature lysis and an absolute defective plating phenotype (1994)

The S and R genes of the bacteriophage lambda are required for lysis of the host. R encodes 'endolysin', a soluble transglycosylase which accumulates in the cytoplasm during late protein synthesis. S encodes a 'holin', a small membrane protein which, at a precisely scheduled time, terminates the vegetative cycle by forming a lethal lesion in the membrane through which gpR gains access to the peptidoglycan. A missense allele of S, Ala52Gly, causes lysis to occur prematurely at about 19-20 min after induction of a lysogen, compared to 45 min for the wild type. This allele has a severe plaque-forming defect which appears to be entirely a consequence of the early lysis and resultant severe reduction in particle burst size. The early-lysis phenotype is dominant and is aggravated, in terms of an even more reduced burst size, at both 30 degrees C and 42 degrees C. The mutation maps in the middle of a putative membrane-spanning helical domain of S, near the sites of other S- mutations with recessive non-lytic phenotypes. The mutation has no effect on S-protein accumulation or on the ratio of S107 and S105 products in the membrane. The mutation appears to affect the intrinsic timing function by which the S protein controls the lysis schedule.
Germ Cell Survival Through Carbohydrate-Mediated Interaction with Sertoli Cells (2002)

Spermatogenesis is a precisely regulated process in which the germ cells closely interact with Sertoli cells. The molecular basis of this cell-cell adhesion is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that targeted disruption of Man2a2, a gene encoding alpha-mannosidase IIx (MX), an enzyme that forms intermediate asparagine-linked carbohydrates (N-glycans), results in Man2a2 null males that are largely infertile. The Man2a2 null spermatogenic cells fail to adhere to Sertoli cells and are prematurely released from the testis to epididymis. We identified an N-glycan structure that plays a key role in germ cell-Sertoli cell adhesion and showed that a specific carbohydrate was required for spermatogenesis.
<sup>64</sup>Cu Core-Labeled Nanoparticles with High Specific Activity<i>via</i>Metal-Free Click Chemistry (2012)

A novel strategy based on metal-free "click" chemistry was developed for the copper-64 radiolabeling of the core in shell-cross-linked nanoparticles (SCK-NPs). Compared with Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry, this metal-free strategy provides the following advantages for Cu-64 labeling of the core of SCK-NPs: (1) elimination of copper exchange between nonradioactive Cu in the catalyst and DOTA-chelated Cu-64; (2) elimination of the internal click reactions between the azide and acetylene groups in the same NPs; and (3) increased efficiency of the click reaction because water-soluble Cu(I) does not need to reach the hydrophobic core of the NPs. When 50 mCi Cu-64 was used for the radiolabeling, the specific activity of the radiolabeled product was 975 Ci/μmol at the end of synthesis, which represents the attachment of ca. 500 Cu-64 atoms per SCK-NP, giving in essence a 500-fold amplification of specific activity of the NP over that of the Cu-64 chelate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest specific activity obtained for Cu-64-labeled nanoparticles.
The Activity of the Gypsy Moth Sex Attractant Disparlure vs. That of the Live Female Moth1 (1971)

Journal Article The Activity of the Gypsy Moth Sex Attractant Disparlure vs. That of the Live Female Moth Get access Morton Beroza, Morton Beroza Agricultural Research Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. A. Bierl, B. A. Bierl Agricultural Research Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. F. Knipling, E. F. Knipling Agricultural Research Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. G. R. Tardif J. G. R. Tardif Agricultural Research Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 64, Issue 6, 1 December 1971, Pages 1527–1529, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/64.6.1527 Published: 01 December 1971 Article history Received: 08 January 1971 Published: 01 December 1971
Aliphatic‐aromatic copolycarbonates derived from 2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclobutanediol (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of copolycarbonates with high aliphatic contents for possible applications as optical plastics is described. Copolymers of 2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclobutanediol (TMCBD) with a series of 14 bisphenol derivatives were prepared and characterized. The refractive index of these materials varies from 1.49 for the 2,2‐hexafluoropropane substituted copolymer to 1.57 for the 9,9‐fluorene substituted copolymer; thus, all of the copolymers exhibit lower refractive indices than the bisphenol A homopolycarbonate. The glass tran‐sition temperatures of the copolymers vary from 110 to 210°C; the beta transition tem‐peratures vary from ‐70 to 0°C when measured at 10 Hz by dynamic mechanical analysis. The copolymers exhibited good thermal stability (0–3% weight loss) when heated above the glass transition temperature, and only undergo extensive decomposition (80–90%) at 300–360°C. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A fast offset-free sample-and-hold circuit (1988)

A novel circuit technique is presented which uses a CMOS cascode inverter as the buffer to realize an offset-free sample-and-hold stage. This circuit can achieve high-speed operation without requiring high slew rate. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the potential advantages of the scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Regulation of SREBP Activation by Oxidized Phospholipids (2006)

Oxidized-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (Ox-PAPC), found in atherosclerotic lesions and other sites of chronic inflammation, activates endothelial cells (EC) to synthesize chemotactic factors, such as interleukin (IL)-8. Previously, we demonstrated that the sustained induction of IL-8 transcription by Ox-PAPC was mediated through the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). We now present evidence for the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the activation of SREBP by Ox-PAPC. Ox-PAPC treatment of EC induced a dose- and time-dependent activation of eNOS, as measured by phosphorylation of serine 1177, dephosphorylation of threonine 495, and the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. Activation of eNOS by Ox-PAPC was regulated through a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt-mediated mechanism. These studies also demonstrated that pretreatment of EC with NOS inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), significantly inhibited Ox-PAPC-induced IL-8 synthesis. Because SREBP activation had been previously shown to regulate IL-8 transcription by Ox-PAPC, we examined the effects of L-NAME on Ox-PAPC-induced SREBP activation. Our data demonstrated that Ox-PAPC-induced SREBP activation and expression of SREBP target genes were significantly reduced by pretreatment with L-NAME. Interestingly, treatment of EC with NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, did not activate SREBP, suggesting that NO alone was not sufficient for SREBP activation. Rather, our findings indicated that superoxide (O2*-), in combination with NO, regulated SREBP activation by Ox-PAPC. We found that Ox-PAPC treatment generated O2*- through an eNOS-mediated mechanism and that mercaptoethylguanidine, a peroxynitrite scavenger, reduced SREBP activation by Ox-PAPC. Taken together, these findings propose a novel role for eNOS in the activation of SREBP and SREBP-mediated inflammatory processes.
Metabolism of the novel Ca2+-mobilizing messenger nicotinic acid–adenine dinucleotide phosphate via a 2′-specific Ca2+-dependent phosphatase (2002)

Nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a newly described Ca2+-mobilizing nucleotide that appears to target intracellular Ca2+-release channels distinct from those sensitive to inositol trisphosphate or ryanodine/cyclic ADP-ribose. Little, however, is known concerning the regulation of cellular NAADP levels. In the present study, we have characterized the metabolism of NAADP by brain membranes. From HPLC and MS analyses we show that loss of NAADP was associated with the appearance of a major product that is likely to be nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide (NAAD), the dephosphorylated form of NAADP. Dephosphorylation of NAADP, but not 3'-NAADP, was dramatically attenuated by Ca2+ chelators and stimulated by Ca2+ over a physiological range in a calmodulin-insensitive manner. In contrast, NADP was metabolized predominantly to ADP-ribose phosphate via glycohydrolase activity, although slower Ca2+-dependent dephosphorylation of both NADP and 2'-AMP could also be demonstrated. This is the first report describing a Ca2+-regulated 2'-specific phosphatase which is probably the major pathway for the inactivation of NAADP in brain. Our data provide a potential feedback mechanism for limiting NAADP-induced Ca2+ release within cells through stimulation of NAADP metabolism by Ca2+ and strongly support a signalling role for this novel nucleotide in the brain.
Comparing and Combining Naltrexone and Acamprosate in Relapse Prevention of Alcoholism (2003)

The results of this study support the efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic strategies in the relapse prevention of alcoholism. Naltrexone and acamprosate, especially in combination, considerably enhance the potential of relapse prevention.
Estimation of Binary Diffusion Coefficients in Supercritical Water: Mini Review (2017)

Diffusion coefficients of various solutes in supercritical water, which were either measured or retrieved from Molecular Dynamics simulations, were reviewed. Diffusion coefficients of molecules relevant for supercritical water processes were calculated with correlations reported in the literature and compared to the values of reference data. For conditions well above the critical point of water, the simple Stokes–Einstein equation predicts the diffusion coefficients with an accuracy better than 20%. For conditions near the critical point, the Wilke−Chang correlation gives the most accurate results. Diffusion coefficients for typical molecules occurring in supercritical water processes such as O2, N2, CO, CO2, or CH4 are estimated to be in the range of 60 × 10–9 m2/s at 673 K and 30 MPa. For H2, for which no experimental data are available, much higher diffusion coefficients in the range of 250 × 10–9 m2/s seem plausible. The data set of binary diffusion coefficients in supercritical water, either determined experimentally or by Molecular Dynamics simulations, should be extended significantly to include more solutes, as well as higher temperatures and pressures.
Survival Signals and Targets for Therapy in Breast Implant–Associated ALK <sup>−</sup> Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (2012)

The TLBR cell lines closely resemble the primary breast implant-associated lymphomas from which they were derived and as such provide valuable preclinical models to study their unique biology.
Zu Rhynocoris Hahn, 1833 (Heteroptera) (1972)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A Systematic Study of the Synthesis of Silver Nanoplates: Is Citrate a “Magic” Reagent? (2011)

In this work we have carried out systematic studies and identified the critical role of hydrogen peroxide instead of the generally believed citrate in the well-known chemical reduction route to silver nanoplates. This improved understanding allows us to develop consistently reproducible processes for the synthesis of nanoplates with high efficiency and yields. By harnessing the oxidative power of H(2)O(2), various silver sources including silver salts and metallic silver can be directly converted to nanoplates with the assistance of an appropriate capping ligand, thus significantly enhancing the reproducibility of the synthesis. Contrary to the previous conclusion that citrate is the key component, we have determined that the group of ligands with selective adhesion to Ag (111) facets can be expanded to many di- and tricarboxylate compounds whose two nearest carboxylate groups are separated by two or three carbon atoms. We have also found that the widely used secondary ligand polyvinylpyrrolidone can be replaced by many hydroxyl group-containing compounds or even removed entirely while still producing nanoplates of excellent uniformity and stability. In addition to the general understanding of NaBH(4) as a reducing agent, it has also been found to act as a capping agent to stabilize the silver nanoparticles, prolong the initiation time required for nanoplate nucleation, and contribute to the control of the thickness as well as the aspect ratio of silver nanoplates. The improved insight into the specific roles of the reaction components and significantly enhanced reproducibility are expected to help elucidate the formation mechanism of this interesting nanostructure.
Über Metallcarbonyle. XII. Die Basenreaktion des Eisenpentacarbonyls und die Bildung des Eisencarbonylwasserstoffs (1932)

Abstract Die chemische Reaktionsfähigkeit des koordinativ gebundenen Kohlenoxyds, besonders hinsichtlich seiner leichten Oxydierbarkeit, wird allgemein begr¨︁det. Sie ist besonders charakteristisch beim Eisenpentacarbonyl, das selbst bei Sauerstoffausschluß mit Stoffen, die Kohlendioxyd binden, spontan Carbonate gibt. Die Basenreaktion des Eisenpentacarbonyls wird in Systemen Fe(CO) 5 ‐BarytIauge und Fe(CO) 5 ‐Alkoholat hinsichtlich der Carbonatbildung quantitativ unter‐ sucht, und festgestellt, daß dieselbe im Sinne der Gleichungen Fe(CO) 5 + 20H − = Ee(CO) 4 H 2 + CO 3 −− und Fe(CO) 5 + CH 3 ONa + H 2 O = Fe(CO) 4 H 2 + CH 3 O·CO·ONa unter (hydrolytischer) Bildung von Carbonat und Eisencarbonyl‐ wasserstoff verläuft, d. h. auf der Spaltung des zur Reaktion absolut wesentlichen Wassers beruht. Der Eisentetracarbonylwasserstoff wird als solcher durch sein chemisches Verhalten, insbesondere durch De‐ hpdrierungsreaktionen, namentlich mit Mangandioxyd, wobei Eisen‐ tetracarbonyl entsteht, charakterisiert; seine Zusammensetzung wird ferner quantitativ durch Bestimmung des Reduktionswerts der alkali‐ when Hydridlösung bewiesen. Einige der wichtigsten Eigenschaften des Carbonylwasserstoffs werden auf Grund der Reaktionen seiner alkalischen Lösung beschrieben, und auf die große Tendenz zur Selbst‐ zersetzung nach 2Fe(CO) 4 H 2 = Fe(CO) 3 + Fe(CO) 5 + 2H 2 zurückgeführt. Diese, sowie die große Alkalibestandigkeit des Hydrids werden mit dem besonderen Charakter der Metall‐ Wasserstoff‐ bindung in Zusammenhang gebracht und Fe(CO) 5 + CH 3 ONa + H 2 O = Fe(CO) 4 H 2 + CH 3 O · CO·ONa unter (hydrolytischer) Bildung von Carbonat und Eisencarbonylwasserstoff verläuft, d. h. auf der Spaltung des zur Reaktion absolut wesentlichen Wassers beruht. Der Eisentetracarbonylwasserstoff wird als solcher durch sein chemisches Verhalten, insbesondere durch Dehydrierungsreaktionen, namentlich mit Mangandioxyd, wobei Eisentetracarbonyl entsteht, charakterisiert; seine Zusammensetzung wird ferner quantitativ durch Bestimmung des Reduktionswerts der alkalischen Hydridlösung bewiesen. Einige der wichtigsten Eigenschaften des Carbonylwasserstoffs werden auf Grund der Reaktionen seiner alkalischen Lösung beschrieben, und auf die große Tendenz zur Selbstzersetzung nach zurückgeführt. Diese, sowie die große Alkalibeständigkeit des Hydrids werden mit dem besonderen Charakter der Metall‐Wasserstoffbindung in Zusammenhang gebracht.
Sucrose Synthase Expression during Cold Acclimation in Wheat (1991)

When wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings are exposed to a cold temperature (2-4 degrees C) above 0 degrees C, sucrose accumulates and sucrose synthase activity increases. The effect of a cold period on the level of sucrose synthase (SS) was investigated. Using antibodies against wheat germ SS, Western blots studies showed that the amount of the SS peptide increased during 14 days in the cold, when plants were moved from 23 degrees C to 4 degrees C. The level of SS diminished when plants were moved back to 23 degrees C. Northern blots of poly(A)(+) RNA, confirmed a five- to sixfold induction of SS in wheat leaves during cold acclimation. These results indicate that SS is involved in the plant response to a chilling stress.
Effect of Mutation of the Sac7d Intercalating Residues on the Temperature Dependence of DNA Distortion and Binding Thermodynamics (2005)

Sac7d is a small chromatin protein from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius which kinks duplex DNA by approximately 66 degrees at a single base pair step with intercalation of V26 and M29 side chains. Site-directed mutagenesis coupled with calorimetric and spectroscopic data has been used to characterize the influence of the intercalating side chains on the structure and thermodynamics of the DNA complex from 5 to 85 degrees C. Two single-alanine substitutions (V26A and M29A) and five double-glycine, -alanine, -leucine, -phenylalanine, and -tryptophan substitutions of the surface residues have been created. NMR and fluorescence titrations indicated that the substitutions had little effect on the structure of the protein or DNA binding site size. Each of the mutant proteins demonstrated a temperature-dependent binding enthalpy which was correlated with a similar temperature dependence in the structure of the complex reflected by changes in fluorescence and circular dichroism. A positive heat capacity change (DeltaC(p)) for DNA binding was observed for only those mutants which also demonstrated a thermotropic structural transition in the complex, and the temperature range for the positive DeltaC(p) coincided with that observed for the structural transition. The thermodynamic data are interpreted using a model in which binding is linked to an endothermic distortion of the DNA in the complex. The results support the proposal that the unfavorable enthalpy of binding of Sac7d at 25 degrees C is due in part to the distortion of DNA.