gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-Enhanced Analysis of Multicomponent Fluorescence Spectra. (1988)

Laser-induced culture fluorescence is one of the few nondestructive measurements that are currently available for the on-line monitoring of the internal state of a microorganism. Many biomolecules, including NADH, exhibit characteristic fluorescence spectra that are dependent on the excitation wavelength. Many fluorophores are simultaneously present in a typical fermentor, and the fluorescence spectra for a mixture of fluorophores must be deconvoluted to yield individual concentrations, after the noisy spectral data are treated in the Fourier domain. Because of the secondary optical effects such as the repeated re-absorption and re-emission of light in a mixture, the principle of superposition does not hold true. Furthermore, the overall emitted signals are shifted toward the higher wavelengths. A rigorous nonlinear model is developed for the most commonly used optical arrangement to relate the detected signal level to the fluorophore concentration. As a model system, the emission spectra of binary and ternary mixtures of simple aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine) are analyzed with a range of computer algorithms. The predictions resulting from different analytical approaches are compared to the true component concentrations, and the effectiveness of each method is evaluated. In general, it is most difficult to detect a small amount of one component either in the presence of larger concentrations of other fluorophores or in the presence of an unknown fluorophore. The presence of an unknown fluorophore is determined by spectral matching and hypothesis testing. The application of culture fluorescence measurements to fermentation control will be discussed.
Mapping Data-Flow Dependencies onto Distributed Embedded Systems (2008)

The expression of the terminal saccharide determinant CD15 (3[a1-3]-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine) was evaluated in the central auditory system of the human developing brain by using monoclonal antibodies against this epitope. CD15 immunoreactivity was first observed in the ventral cochlear nucleus at 10 weeks of gestation, whereas the dorsal cochlear nucleus became positive from 13 weeks of gestation. In both nuclei, the intensity of immunoreactivity increased until 16 weeks of gestation and lasted until 25 weeks of gestation. In the inferior colliculi, CD15 was poorly expressed in the central nucleus from 13 to 23 weeks of gestation and later with moderate levels until birth. Within the medial geniculate nucleus, a biphasic pattern of expression was observed with peaks around 14-17 and 21-24 weeks of gestation. Heterogeneous expression in the medial geniculate nucleus, which was associated either with neurons or the neuropil, allowed distinction of subnuclei. In many of the auditory pathway structures (e.g., ventral cochlear nucleus and central nucleus of the inferior colliculus), a heterogeneous pattern of CD15 expression in the form of repeating parallel bands, possibly related to tonotopic organization, became transiently apparent around 23 weeks of gestation, whereas in the magnocellular part of the medial geniculate nucleus, a striking modular or compartmental arrangement of immunoreactive structures (which could also be associated with tonotopic organization) was also noted at about 23 weeks of gestation. We propose that the initiation of CD15 expression in each nucleus heralds the appearance of functional contacts and that high levels of neuropil labeling are related to the formation of nonstabilized synaptic contacts. Thus, transient CD15 expression in the central auditory system is possibly correlated with phases of functional plasticity in this pathway.
Optimization of an Integrated Complex of Process Plants and Evaluation of its Vulnerability (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Chemical Complexes Nitrogen-based Complexes Hydrocarbon-based Complexes Chlorine-based Complexes Refinery Complexes Combinations Complexes The Design Philosophies of Integrated Complexes Site Selection The Optimization of an Integrated Complex The Site Flowsheet Site Utility Integration Optimization of Storage Capacity Plant Failures The Storage Tank Simulation and Results A Chain of Production Processes Site Vulnerability
Extrusion: a novel technology for the manufacture of ice cream (2002)

Conventionally ice cream is continuously frozen in so-called wall-scraped freezer devices. Primary heterogeneous nucleation takes place in such processes at the cooled wall and are scraped off and mixed. In general, the watery phase contains solved components such as sugars or colloidally dispersed hydro-colloids (polysaccharides) and proteins. These ingredients lead to a freezing point depression. If water is crystallised, the remaining solution is concentrated, thus increasing the freezing point depression further. At the outlet of a continuous freezer system, temperatures of approx. -6 to -5°C are conventionally reached for ice cream and, related to this about 40-50 percent of water in a typical ice cream recipe are frozen. If such a system is further deep frozen (-20°C) in the state of rest, e.g. in a cooling-/hardening tunnel, the liquid water crystallises mainly at the surface of the existing crystals and consequently increases their size significantly. This can lead to quality problems due to iciness, roughness or related reduced shelf life of the product. Higher structuring forces can be applied to such watery systems if the mechanical treatment is carried out dissipation controlled at lower temperatures. This can be reached down to outlet temperatures of -15 to -18°C in a newly developed low-temperature extrusion device in which a homogeneous shear treatment due to locally narrowly distributed shear stresses, pressures and residence times is applied. Under low temperature conditions additional crystal nuclei are formed by secondary nucleation and de-aggregation of ice crystal aggregates. Low temperature extrusion allows us to get more finely dispersed ice crystals by a factor of more than 2-3, compared to the conventional process. Furthermore air cells and fat globules, the other disperse phases in ice cream are also more finely structured by the increased viscous forces under low temperature extrusion conditions. For low temperature extruded ice cream a hardening tunnel is no longer needed. The perception properties and shelf life are significantly improved.
Differential phthalocyanine photosensitization of acute myeloblastic leukaemia progenitor cells: a potential purging technique for autologous bone marrow transplantation (1988)

The potential value of sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine (AISPc) as a purging agent for bone marrow autografts in acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) has been studied using in vitro clonogenic assays for normal (GM-CFC) and leukaemic (AML-CFC) progenitor cells. In nine out of 13 cases, the leukaemic blasts were found to be highly sensitive to AISPc. In six of the sensitive cases clonogenic assays revealed that only 2 +/- 1% of AML progenitor cells survived AISPc treatment under conditions which permitted a GM-CFC recovery of 60 +/- 11%. AISPc photosensitization was also shown to selectively eliminate the leukaemic cell line K562 from an in vitro model of minimal residual disease. Thus photosensitization using AISPc may be an effective method of purging marrow autografts in some cases of AML. Evaluation of the sensitivity of AML clonogenic cells at diagnosis may identify those patients in whom AISPc photo-purging may be of benefit at the time of an autologous bone marrow transplant.
Fingerprints, Iris and DNA Features based Multimodal Systems: A Review (2013)

Bio met ric systems are alternates to the traditional identification systems. This paper p rovides an overview of single feature and mult iple features based biometric systems, including the performance of physiological characteristics (such as fingerprint, hand geometry, head recognition, iris, retina, face recognition, DNA recognition, palm prints, heartbeat, finger veins, palates etc) and behavioral characteristics (such as body language, facial exp ression, signature verification, speech recognition, Gait Signature etc.).
Symmetrical Mott barrier as a fast photodetector (1981)

A novel surface-oriented GaAs punch-through photodetector possessing a fast photoresponse and a moderate internal gain is described. The device has a simple planar MnM structure consisting of two Schottky contacts which thereby facilitate the fabrication. The detector exhibits an internal rise time as fast as 20 ps with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 35 ps. The internal gain of the detector was estimated to be 3. The noise equivalent power was measured to be 4×10−11 W/√Hz. The detector represents one of the fastest GaAs photodetectors reported to date.
Mutagenesis of the L protein encoded by Bunyamwera virus and production of monospecific antibodies (1992)

Bacterial fusion proteins containing portions of the Bunyamwera virus L protein were used as immunogens to prepare antisera in rabbits. Of five fusion proteins injected into rabbits, three yielded sera that reacted with the Bunyamwera virus L protein, detected by Western blotting or immunoprecipitation. Two of these antisera were specific for either the amino- or carboxy-terminal regions of the L protein. The specificity of these antisera was confirmed by their pattern of reactivity with full-length and truncated forms of the L protein. Plasmids containing the L gene cDNA under control of a bacteriophage T7 promoter were transfected into CV-1 cells which had previously been infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus, vTF7-3, that expresses T7 RNA polymerase. Antigenically authentic L protein was expressed. Using a nucleocapsid transfection assay developed previously, we showed that the transiently expressed L protein had RNA synthesis activity. Site-specific mutations were made in the L cDNA-containing plasmid to change certain amino acids in the putative polymerase domain of the L protein. The effects of these amino acid substitutions on the RNA synthesis activity of the L protein were monitored using the nucleocapsid transfection assay. These experiments showed that residues strictly conserved between the L proteins of different viruses in the family Bunyaviridae were obligatorily required for activity, whereas non-conserved residues could be substituted without abolishing RNA synthesis capability. Our results provide direct evidence for the functional significance of particular amino acids in the polymerase domain of a negative-strand virus RNA polymerase.
A candidate gene association study on muscat flavor in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) (2010)

This study is a crucial step forward in understanding the genetic regulation of muscat flavor in grapevine and it also sheds light on the domestication history of Muscats. VvDXS appears to be a possible human-selected locus in grapevine domestication and post-domestication. The putative causal SNP identified in Muscat varieties as well as the unique mutations identifying the muscat-like aromatic mutants under study may be immediately applied in marker-assisted breeding programs aimed at enhancing fragrance and aroma complexity respectively in table grape and wine cultivars.
Virginia Tech Space-Time Advanced Radio (VT-STAR) (2002)

With the integration of the Internet and multimedia applications in next generation wireless communications, the demand for reliable high data rate services is rapidly growing. Traditional wireless communications systems use a single input single output (SISO) channel, meaning one antenna at each side of the link. Information theory research has shown an enormous potential growth in the capacity of wireless systems by using multiple element array (MEA) technology at both ends of the link. Space-time coding exploits the spatialtemporal diversity provided by the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel, significantly increasing both the system capacity and the reliability of the wireless link. The Virginia Tech Space-Time Advanced Radio (VT-STAR) system presents a visual demonstration of the capabilities of space-time coding techniques. The VT-STAR system has integrated an MPEG-2 video stream to show a representation of the effect of the wireless channel on a video transmission in real-time. Core algorithms are implemented on Texas Instruments TMS320C67 Evaluation Modules (EVM). Data conversion between the digital and analog domains is performed by TI THS5661 EVM and TI THS1206 EVM for the transmitter and receiver, respectively. The radio frequency subsystem is composed of multi-channel transmitter and receiver chains implemented in hardware. The capabilities of the MIMO channel are demonstrated in a non-line of sight (NLOS) indoor environment. Real-time monitoring of physical layer parameters, such as the bit error rate and diversity advantage, as well as a video display are presented on an attached personal computer.
Synthesis of Secondary Arylamines Through Copper‐Mediated Intermolecular Aryl Amination. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A source code plagiarism detecting method using alignment with abstract syntax tree elements (2014)

Learning to program is an important subject in computer science courses. During programming exercises, plagiarism by copying and pasting can lead to problems for fair evaluation. Some methods of plagiarism detection are currently available, such as sim. However, because sim is easily influenced by changing the identifier or program statement order, it fails to do enough to support plagiarism detection. In this paper, we propose a plagiarism detection method which is not influenced by changing the identifier or program statement order. We also explain our method's capabilities by comparing it to the sim plagiarism detector. Furthermore, we reveal how our method successfully detects the presence of plagiarism.
Fluorinated thin SiO2 grown by rapid thermal processing (1990)

High quality ultrathin fluorinated gate oxides have been grown for the first time by rapid thermal processing in diluted NF3 and O2. The chemical and electrical properties of fluorinated oxides have been studied as a function of growth conditions.
High electron mobility in nearly lattice-matched AlInN∕AlN∕GaN heterostructure field effect transistors (2007)

High electron mobility was achieved in Al1−xInxN∕AlN∕GaN (x=0.20–0.12) heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Reduction of In composition from 20% to 12% increased the room temperature equivalent two-dimensional-electron-gas density from 0.90×1013to1.64×1013cm−2 with corresponding electron mobilities of 1600 and 1410cm2∕Vs, respectively. The 10K mobility reached 17600cm2∕Vs for the nearly lattice-matched Al0.82In0.18N∕AlN∕GaN heterostructure with a sheet carrier density of 9.6×1012cm−2. For comparison, the AlInN∕GaN heterostructure without the AlN spacer exhibited a high sheet carrier density (2.42×1013cm−2) with low mobility (120cm2∕Vs) at room temperature. The high mobility in our samples is in part attributed to ∼1nm AlN spacer which significantly reduces the alloy scattering as well as provides a smooth interface. The HFETs having gate dimensions of 1.5×40μm2 and a 5μm source-drain separation exhibited a maximum transconductance of ∼200mS∕mm with good pinch-off characteristics and over 10GHz current gain cutoff frequency.
On the concept of distributed digital signal processing in wireless sensor networks (2003)

Wireless sensors have several constraints, such as a short transmission range, poor processing capabilities, and a limited available energy. Our goal is to design an energy efficient sensor network by exploiting the concept of collaborative signal processing. We consider a network composed of multiple sensor nodes, each of which corresponds to a processor. By using an appropriate collaborative computational algorithm and communication scheme, we make sensors operate as a Distributed Digital Signal Processor (DDSP) and generate the desired results. The benefit of such an approach is twofold: (i) the energy and computational limitations of the individual sensors can be overcome, and (ii) for a given level of processing complexity, the energy efficiency of the overall network can increase significantly. We apply the DDSP approach to the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, and derive results showing the improvement in performance that can be obtained through the proposed technique. Moreover, we study the existing trade-off between energy saving, data latency and number of employed sensors.
D3TW: Discriminative Differentiable Dynamic Time Warping for Weakly Supervised Action Alignment and Segmentation (2019)

We address weakly supervised action alignment and segmentation in videos, where only the order of occurring actions is available during training. We propose Discriminative Differentiable Dynamic Time Warping (D3TW), the first discriminative model using weak ordering supervision. The key technical challenge for discriminative modeling with weak supervision is that the loss function of the ordering supervision is usually formulated using dynamic programming and is thus not differentiable. We address this challenge with a continuous relaxation of the min-operator in dynamic programming and extend the alignment loss to be differentiable. The proposed D3TW innovatively solves sequence alignment with discriminative modeling and end-to-end training, which substantially improves the performance in weakly supervised action alignment and segmentation tasks. We show that our model is able to bypass the degenerated sequence problem usually encountered in previous work and outperform the current state-of-the-art across three evaluation metrics in two challenging datasets.
Organophotocatalytic N‐Demethylation of Oxycodone Using Molecular Oxygen (2020)

N-Demethylation of oxycodone is one of the key steps in the synthesis of important opioid antagonists like naloxone or analgesics like nalbuphine. The reaction is typically carried out using stoichiometric amounts of toxic and corrosive reagents. Herein, we present a green and scalable organophotocatalytic procedure that accomplishes the N-demethylation step using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant and an organic dye (rose bengal) as an effective photocatalyst. Optimization of the reaction conditions under continuous flow conditions using visible-light irradiation led to an efficient, reliable, and scalable process, producing noroxycodone hydrochloride in high isolated yield and purity after a simple workup.
Nástroj pro tvorbu Progressive Web Applications v Haskellu (2019)

Tato práce se snaží usnadnit vývoj webových aplikací psaných v programovacím jazyce Haskell vytvořením sady komponent, které zatím chybí v jeho ekosystému knihoven, se zaměřením na komponenty nutné pro tvorbu Progressive Web Applications, aplikace, které používají nové technologie jako např. Service Workers. Tato práce porovnává, které komponenty se očekávají od webových platforem a které jsou dostupné pro Haskell; popisuje implementaci tří komponent (knihovny pro routování, úložiště a Service Workery); a implementuje tři aplikace, které demonstrují použití těchto komponent.
Serum chromogranin A as a screening test for gastric enterochromaffin‐like cell hyperplasia during acid‐suppressive therapy (2001)

During long-term gastric acid inhibition, serum CgA levels reflect the presence and severity of fundic ECL cell hyperplasia. Serum CgA is therefore a useful screening test for gastric ECL cell proliferative changes within this context.
The industrial application of phase current analysis to detect rotor winding faults in squirrel cage induction motors (1995)

Three-phase induction motors are by far the most common prime mover in industry today. Many of these motors, which may be as large as 25 MW, are used in critical duties in industries such as oil, petrochemical, utilities, paper, mining and steel manufacture where sudden failure of a machine can have a drastic effect on production as well as safety implications. Prevention of such failures is vital. If a potential failure can be foreseen, the motor can be removed from service at a time which will minimise lost production and make the best use of maintenance facilities. This article describes the seven-year development of an online knowledge-based software program to detect rotor winding faults and mechanical load influences. This noninvasive technique is based on the analysis of the stator phase current spectra.
Thrombospondin-1 is a critical effector of oncosuppressive activity of sst2 somatostatin receptor on pancreatic cancer (2009)

The somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) behaves as a tumor suppressor when expressed and stimulated by its ligand somatostatin in pancreatic cancer. We reveal a mechanism underlying oncosuppressive action of sst2, whereby this inhibitory receptor upregulates the expression of the secreted angioinhibitory factor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), as demonstrated in exocrine BxPC-3 and endocrine BON pancreatic cancer cells. The sst2-dependent upregulation of TSP-1 occurs through the inhibition of the PI3K pathway. It depends on transcriptional and translational events, involving a previously undescribed IRES in the 5'-UTR of TSP-1 mRNA. Chick chorioallantoic membrane was used as an in vivo model to demonstrate that TSP-1 is a critical effector of the inhibitory role of sst2 on the neoangiogenesis and oncogenesis induced by pancreatic cancer cells. TSP-1 reduced in vitro tubulogenesis of endothelial cells when grown in conditioned medium from pancreatic cancer cells expressing sst2, as compared to those expressing the control vector. TSP-1 inhibited tumor cell-induced neoangiogenesis by directly sequestering the proangiogenic factor VEGF, and inactivating the angiogenesis initiated by VEGFR2 phosphorylation in endothelial cells. Using human pancreatic tissue-microarrays, the expression of both sst2 and TSP-1 was shown to be correlated during the pancreatic neoplastic program. Both proteins are nearly undetectable in normal exocrine pancreas and in most invasive cancer lesions, but their expression is strikingly upregulated in most preinvasive cancer-adjacent lesions. The upregulation of both sst2 and TSP-1 tumor suppressors may function as an early negative feedback to restrain pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Molecular shape selective catalysis (1980)

Mstract -Molecular shape selective catalysis in intracrys- talline space of siliceous zeolites has opened up a spectrum of new opportunities in catalytic science and in industry. The mechanisms involved include: (a) selective, diffusional mass transport dynamics, and (b) steric modification of the intrinsic reaction rates.