gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the GARD assay in a blind Cosmetics Europe study (2017)

Chemical hypersensitivity is an immunological response towards foreign substances, commonly referred to as sensitizers, which gives rise primarily to the clinical symptoms known as allergic contact dermatitis. For the purpose of mitigating risks associated with consumer products, chemicals are screened for sensitizing effects. Historically, such predictive screenings have been performed using animal models. However, due to industrial and regulatory demand, animal models for the purpose of sensitization assessment are being replaced by non-animal testing methods, a global trend that is spreading across industries and market segments. To meet this demand, the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD) assay was developed. GARD is a novel, cell-based assay that utilizes the innate recognition of xenobiotic substances by dendritic cells, as measured by a multivariate readout of genomic biomarkers. Following cellular stimulation, chemicals are classified as sensitizers or non-sensitizers based on induced transcriptional profiles. Recently, a number of non-animal methods were comparatively evaluated by Cosmetics Europe, using a coherent and blinded test panel of reference chemicals with human and local lymph node assay data, comprising a wide range of sensitizers and non-sensitizers. The outcome of the GARD assay is presented in this paper. It was demonstrated that GARD is a highly functional assay with a predictive performance of 83% in this Cosmetics Europe dataset. The average accumulated predictive accuracy of GARD across independent datasets was 86% for skin sensitization hazard.
Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis (2011)

Purpose To perform a meta-analysis of all published studies of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for staging patients with melanoma. Methods Published literature in all languages between 1990 and 2009 was critically appraised. Primary outcomes evaluated included the proportion successfully mapped (PSM) and test performance including false-negative rate (FNR), post-test probability negative (PTPN), and positive predictive value in the same nodal basin recurrence. Results A total of 71 studies including 25,240 patients met full eligibility criteria. The average PSM was 98.1% (95% CI, 97.3% to 98.6%) and increased with the year of publication, female sex, ulceration, age, and the quality score of the studies. The FNR ranged from 0.0% to 34.0%, averaging 12.5% overall (95% CI, 11% to 14.2%). FNR increased with the length of follow-up (P = .002) but decreased with greater PSM (P = .001). PTPN averaged 3.4% (95% CI, 3.0% to 3.8%), which also increased in studies with longer follow-up, younger age, female sex, deeper Breslow thickness, and with tumor ulceration while decreasing with greater PSM (P < .001). Approximately 20% of the patients with a positive SLN had additional lymph nodes in the complete lymph node dissection and 7.5% of the patients with positive SLN developed recurrence in the same nodal basin which was greater in studies that also reported higher FNR (P = .01). Conclusion The estimated risk of nodal recurrence after a negative SLN biopsy was ≤ 5% supporting the use of this technology for staging patients with melanoma.
Isolation and characterization of ancovenin,a new inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme,produced by Actinomycetes. (1983)

Ancovenin, an inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme isolated from the culture broth of a Streptomyces species, is a dialysable peptide composed of sixteen amino acid residues containing unusual amino acids such as threo-beta-methyllanthionine, meso-lanthionine, and dehydroalanine.
Design of a microengineered electrostatic quadrupole lens (1998)

The design of a miniature quadrupole lens based on metallized glass electrodes mounted in two anisotropically etched silicon mounts that are separated by precision spacers is described. The analysis of conventional quadrupole lenses is first reviewed. The fabrication process is then described, and the analysis techniques are applied to the new geometry. The potential distribution near the axis is first calculated using a finite difference method. Expansion into solutions of Laplace's equation in cylindrical coordinates is then used to determine the potential distortion introduced by the microengineered mount. Design rules are given for a mount and an electrode radius that achieve minimal distortion.
Memristive Perceptron with Applications in Logical Classification (2013)

A new memristive perceptron was proposed based on the advantages of perceptron in logical classification combining with memristors,new circuit elements.The relationship between memristive conductance and synapse weight updating was derived.The modeling of single-layer memristive perceptron and multi-layer memristive perceptron were built,and weight updating rule of memristive synapse was proposed.Matlab simulation confirmed that the memristive perceptron can realize the logical classification.That is to say,a single-layer memristive perceptron can realize the classification of linear separable logical AND and OR,and the linear inseparable logical XOR and NXOR can be implemented with multi-layer memristive perceptron.Memristive perceptron could be used for solving complex artificial intelligence problems.
Overview of Protein Expression by Mammalian Cells (1997)

This unit reviews the stages involved in protein production in mammalian cells using a stable-expression approach. Choice of cell type is discussed, as is transfection of the host cells, methods for selection and amplification of transformants, and growth of cells at appropriate scale for protein production. Since post-transcriptional modification and intracellular protein transportation are important features of recombinant-protein production in mammalian cells, some description of these mechanisms is included.
Losartan Increases Survival of the <i> Fbn1 <sup>mgR/mgR</sup> </i> Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome in an Age-Dependent Manner (2021)

Abstract Clinical trials investigating angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) for attenuation of thoracic aortic aneurysm in people with Marfan syndrome have demonstrated variable efficacy. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the age of mice at the time of losartan initiation affected mortality in fibrillin-1 hypomorphic (Fbn1mgR/mgR) mice. Male (n=40) and female (n=28) Fbn1mgR/mgR mice were randomized to receive losartan in drinking water (0.6 g/L) starting at either 24 or 50 days of age. Controls included Fbn1mgR/mgR mice (20M, 14F) and wild type (15M, 15F) littermates who were not administered the drug. Mortality of Fbn1mgR/mgR males receiving losartan at postnatal day 24 (P24) was not different from wild type controls (p=0.138). Survival of Fbn1mgR/mgR males administered losartan at P50 was not different compared to Fbn1mgR/mgR males receiving no drug (p=0.194) and decreased compared to wild type mice (p=0.002). Survival analysis after P50 demonstrated increased survival of Fbn1mgR/mgR males administered losartan at P50 compared to Fbn1mgR/mgR mice receiving no drug (p=0.017). Age is a critical variable that affects the therapeutic efficacy of losartan in male Fbn1mgR/mgR mice. Since overall mortality in female Fbn1mgR/mgR mice was lower than in male Fbn1mgR/mgR mice, a survival benefit with losartan was not detected in females.
A seven-crystal Johann-type hard x-ray spectrometer at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (2013)

We present a multicrystal Johann-type hard x-ray spectrometer (~5-18 keV) recently developed, installed, and operated at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. The instrument is set at the wiggler beamline 6-2 equipped with two liquid nitrogen cooled monochromators--Si(111) and Si(311)--as well as collimating and focusing optics. The spectrometer consists of seven spherically bent crystal analyzers placed on intersecting vertical Rowland circles of 1 m of diameter. The spectrometer is scanned vertically capturing an extended backscattering Bragg angular range (88°-74°) while maintaining all crystals on the Rowland circle trace. The instrument operates in atmospheric pressure by means of a helium bag and when all the seven crystals are used (100 mm of projected diameter each), has a solid angle of about 0.45% of 4π sr. The typical resolving power is in the order of E/ΔE ~ 10,000. The spectrometer's high detection efficiency combined with the beamline 6-2 characteristics permits routine studies of x-ray emission, high energy resolution fluorescence detected x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering of very diluted samples as well as implementation of demanding in situ environments.
ASOP: arithmetic sum-of-products generator (2002)

We present a complex arithmetic structure generator ASOP (arithmetic sum-of-products), one of the features of Autologic Blocks. This structure generator is capable of producing multipliers, multioperand adders, filters, and other complex arithmetic structures useful for signal processing applications. The approach presented for recoding the operands in an arithmetic expression is very different from conventional methods. The recoding algorithms takes into account the representation (signed/unsigned) and the type (constant/signal) of the operands in arithmetic expressions. We use some fine tuning techniques to enhance the performance of structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Respiratory disorders caused by tardive dyskinesia in psychogeriatric patients]. (1992)

Three case reports of antipsychotically induced tardive dyskinesia with prominent respiratory symptoms in elderly behaviourally disturbed patients are presented, followed by a discussion of the clinical picture and treatment of this relatively ill-known condition. It is not uncommon for the respiratory symptoms of tardive dyskinesia to be misdiagnosed as a pulmonary or psychogenic disorder. As an overall satisfactory treatment of tardive dyskinesia does not exist at present, reinstitution or increasing the dose of antipsychotics is sometimes the only effective way to suppress severe dyskinesia.
Delhi: India's urban example. (1988)

Demography, migration, economy, employment, education, planning, housing and transportation in the Delhi Union Territory are described. The Territory is an administrative district that includes Old Delhi, the site of the ancient walled city, the New Delhi Municipal Corporation, the center of government, the Delhi Cantonment, a military center, and 27 smaller towns, many of which are rural in character. The Delhi Territory is notable for its relatively high per capita income ($321), high sex ratio (124), high proportion of recent migrants (over half), but also high employment rate and educational status of these migrants. Much of the economy is based on government service, retail trade and services. School enrollment is high, nearly 100% of primary school age children, 77% of middle school, and 50% of secondary school. Rapid growth has stressed the public health, sanitation, housing, electric power systems. Transportation is coping relatively well, considering that 20% of all motor vehicles in India are in Delhi. 50% of daily trips are made by bus, 22% by bicycle, 10% by motorcycles, and 4% by cars. Accommodations for tourists in Delhi's old center are good in both expensive and inexpensive hotels.
Biphasic kinetics and temperature dependence of iron removal from transferrin by 3,4-LICAMS (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiphasic kinetics and temperature dependence of iron removal from transferrin by 3,4-LICAMSSuzanne A. Kretchmar and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 20, 6212–6218Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00280a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (872 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Deep fMRI: AN end-to-end deep network for classification of fMRI data (2018)

With recent advancements in machine learning, the research community has made tremendous advances towards the classification of neurological disorders from time-series functional MRI signals. However, existing classification techniques rely on hand-crafted features and classical machine learning models. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end model that utilizes the representation learning capability of deep learning to classify a neurological disorder from fMRI data. The proposed DeepFMRI model is comprised of three networks, namely (1) a feature extractor, (2) a similarity network, and (3) a classification network. The model takes fMRI raw time-series signals as input and outputs the predicted labels; and is trained end-to-end using back-propagation. Experimental results on the publicly available ADHD-200 dataset demonstrate that this innovative model outperforms previous state-of-the-art.
Improved quantum hypergraph-product LDPC codes (2012)

We suggest several techniques to improve the toric codes and the finite-rate generalized toric codes (quantum hypergraph-product codes) recently introduced by Tillich and Zémor. For the usual toric codes, we introduce the rotated lattices specified by two integer-valued periodicity vectors. These codes include the checkerboard codes, and the family of minimal single-qubit-encoding toric codes with block length n = t <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> + (t+1) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and distance d = 2t + 1, t = 1, 2, ... We also suggest several related algebraic constructions which increase the rate of the existing hypergraph-product codes by up to four times.
Studies of β-SiC (001) and (111) surfaces by scanning tunneling microscopy (1991)

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to study β-SiC (001) and (111) surfaces. The (001) surfaces of β-SiC were grown on Si(001) substrates while the (111) surfaces were grown on α-SiC{0001} substrates, both by chemical vapor deposition. The surface morphology for the β-SiC(001) surface grown on Si(001), the β-SiC(111) surface grown on Si-terminated α-SiC(0001), and the β-SiC(111) surface grown on C-terminated α-SiC(0001̄) are compared. Atomically resolved images of the c(2×2) and (3×2) reconstructions of the β-SiC(001) surface and the honeycomblike reconstruction on the β-SiC(111) surface are presented.
Functional residual capacity and ventilation homogeneity in mechanically ventilated small neonates (1992)

A modification of a computerized tracer gas (SF6) washout method was designed for serial measurements of functional residual capacity (FRC) and ventilation homogeneity in mechanically ventilated very-low-birth-weight infants with tidal volumes down to 4 ml. The method, which can be used regardless of the inspired O2 concentration, gave accurate and reproducible results in a lung model and good agreement compared with He dilution in rabbits. FRC was measured during 2–4 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in 15 neonates (700–1,950 g), most of them with mild-to-moderate respiratory distress syndrome. FRC increased with body weight and decreased (P less than 0.05) with increasing O2 requirement. Change to zero end-expiratory pressure caused an immediate decrease in FRC by 29% (P less than 0.01) and gave FRC (ml) = -1.4 + 17 x weight (kg) (r = 0.83). Five minutes after PEEP was discontinued (n = 12), FRC had decreased by a further 16% (P less than 0.01). The washout curves indicated a near-normal ventilation homogeneity not related to changes in PEEP. This was interpreted as evidence against the presence of large volumes of trapped alveolar gas.
Formation of metal-chalcogen bonds by the reaction of metal-alkyls with silyl chalcogenides (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of metal-chalcogen bonds by the reaction of metal-alkyls with silyl chalcogenidesS. M. Stuczynski, J. G. Brennan, and M. L. SteigerwaldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 25, 4431–4432Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00324a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00324a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views724Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rabeprazole‐based eradication therapy for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>: a large‐scale study in Japan (2007)

Rabeprazole-based therapies achieved 50% eradication of clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori, and even achieved good rates in extensive metabolizers. Accordingly, rabeprazole can be recommended as part of a first-line proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy for H. pylori.
[Kawasaki disease: new and important problems in cardiology]. (1983)

Kawasaki disease or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) is a recently recognized clinical entity in infants and young children with fever and characteristic mucocutaneous involvements accompanied by swelling of the cervical lymph nodes. It has aroused much interest because it may cause sudden death due to coronary arteritis with subsequent aneurysmal formation and thrombotic occlusion. Between January 1973 and September 1982, 611 patients with Kawasaki disease were evaluated with coronary angiography after the acute stage of illness. Of these patients, 136 (22%) were diagnosed as having coronary aneurysms, which were the most common abnormal finding at this stage. Serial two-dimensional echocardiography was useful to evaluate noninvasively the lesions of the coronary artery, and it was discovered that coronary aneurysms appeared in the eighth to 15th day of the illness, and some of them revealed an early restoration. Pericardial effusion appeared in 35% of the patients in the second to third week of the illness. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 72 cases who previously had coronary aneurysms five to 18 months after the acute illness. Thirty-nine cases showed completely normal findings at the second study, suggesting the regression of coronary aneurysms in this entity within one or two years after the onset of the illness. The remaining 33 patients showed abnormal findings such as stenotic or obstructed lesions, the irregular arterial wall and persistent aneurysms of coronary arteries at the follow-up study. Among the patients with abnormal angiographic findings myocardial infarction and mitral regurgitation were occasionally present. Three patients died suddenly from myocardial infarction at four months, four and six years after the onset of the illness, respectively. Early initiation of aspirin therapy (10-30 mg/kg) remains the mainstay to prevent thrombus formation and ischemic heart disease. The intracoronary thrombolysis by Urokinase was useful for prevention or treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Patients with Kawasaki disease are mostly in Japan, however, an increasing number of patients have recently been published in the foreign literatures, and this entity has become an important cause of heart disease in children. The long-term follow-up study and establishment of the effective treatment as well as elucidation of the etiology of this disease are essential.
451. The kinetics of halogen addition to unsaturated compounds. Part XVIII. Iodine addition (1950)

P. W. Robertson, J. B. Butchers, R. A. Durham, W. B. Healy, J. K. Heyes, J. K. Johannesson and D. A. Tait, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 2191 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500002191
The Spontaneous Ala147Thr Amino Acid Substitution within the Translocator Protein Influences Pregnenolone Production in Lymphomonocytes of Healthy Individuals (2009)

The de novo production of steroids and neurosteroids begins in mitochondria by the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone through cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1) enzymatic activity. The C-terminal amino acid domain of the translocator protein (TSPO) has been demonstrated to bind cholesterol, thereby determining its mitochondrial translocation. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of the Ala147Thr single-nucleotide polymorphism localized in this TSPO region on pregnenolone production in healthy volunteers. Pregnenolone production was evaluated in a peripheral cell model, represented by circulating lymphomonocytes. First, CYP11A1 expression, both at mRNA and protein level, was demonstrated. Pregnenolone production varied among genotype groups. Comparison of pregnenolone mean values revealed that Thr147 homozygous or heterozygous individuals had significantly lower pregnenolone levels compared with Ala147 homozygous individuals. These findings suggested a dominant effect of the minor allelic variant Thr147 to produce this first metabolite of the steroidogenesis pathway. Interestingly, Ala147 homozygous individuals exhibited significant higher levels of circulating cholesterol-rich low-density lipoproteins with respect to heterozygous individuals. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the Ala147Thr spontaneous amino acid substitution within TSPO is able to affect pregnenolone production; this should encourage further studies to investigate its potential role in polygenic dyslipidemias.