gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating the parsing process with an application specific VLSI RISC processor (1997)

This thesis investigates the topic of the design, implementation and potential use of specialised hardware used to accelerate the recognition and translation of computer programs expressed in a range of computer languages. This investigation focuses specifically on the twin processes of parsing and lexical analysis.\n\nThe research described was carried out in two areas namely, the feasibility of designing a specialised instruction set for a RISC like processor able to accelerate the parsing and lexical analysis process, and the physical implementation of a RISC processor in CMOS VLSI technology able to execute the designed instruction set.\n\nThe feasibility of mapping the process of language recognition onto the instruction set of a RISC processor is investigated. This involves an assessment of the suitability of the LL(1) and LALR(1) algorithms, both of which are used for parsing, and other associated algorithms, used for lexical analysis, as a basis for an appropriate instruction set architecture. The feasibility of an instruction set design which uses fixed size instructions with variable size data fields to ensure scaleable operation is also investigated. The appropriate software mechanisms used to validate the instruction set architecture are outlined.\n\nThe practical implementation using CMOS technology of a RISC processor able to execute the new instruction set is investigated. In particular the feasibility of using bit-slice technology to implement the processor having fixed size instructions with variable size data-paths and address ranges is investigated. \n\nThe combination of novel instruction set with variable data-widths and the fabricated devices able to activate semantic actions directly from hardware together form an original contribution to the field of parsing and lexical analysis.
Controlled formation of atomic step morphology on micropatterned Si (100) (2011)

Micrometer scale features are fabricated on Si (100) surfaces using lithographic techniques and thermally processed in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment. The process results in the formation of symmetric, step-terrace patterns with wide atomically flat regions exhibiting highly reproducible step-terrace morphology. The patterns spontaneously transform into a symmetric formation marked by step bunches separated by wide atomic terraces as a result of extended high temperature processing. A Monte Carlo model is introduced to understand the step flow and bunching process. The lithographic patterns remain visible post processing using a conventional optical microscope. The resulting patterns have the important property that they can be used as fiducial marks to externally locate nanoscale features fabricated on the large atomically flat terraces.
Mode selection in a continuous-wave dye laser with an intracavity photorefractive element (1987)

Strong mode selection and frequency scanning have been observed for a cw dye laser with an intracavity BaTiO(3) crystal. Linewidths as low as 50 MHz have been achieved for certain positions of the crystal within the laser cavity.
A novel DHT-based FFT/IFFT processor for ADSL transceivers (2003)

This paper presents a novel discrete Hartley transform based VLSI architecture for quickly computing the N-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and its inverse (IDFT), where N is a power of two. The architecture consists of one real multiplier, three real adders, five special memory units, and some simple logic circuits. It can evaluate, in average, one DFT sample every log/sub 2/N+2 clock cycles or one IDFT sample every log/sub 2/N+1 clock cycles. Under 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the proposed design consumes chip area about 4838/spl times/4032 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ to reach a throughput of 4 M DFT samples per second or 3.6 M IDFT samples per second for the case of N=512. Such area-time performance shows that it is rather attractive for use in discrete multitone based ADSL transceivers.
Formulation and evaluation of ranolazine extended release tablets: Influence of polymers (2011)

An extended release tablet provides prolonged periods of drug in plasma levels thereby reduce dosing frequency,improve patient compliance and reduce the dose-related side effects. Ranolazine is indicated for the chronic treatment of angina in patients who have not achieved an adequate response with other anti-anginal agents. The present investigationwas undertaken to design extended release tablets of Ranolazine employing hypromellose phthalate grade HP-55, ethocel standard 7FP premium ethyl cellulose, Surelease E-7-19040, Klucel HF pharm and Natrosol Type 250 HHX as matrix forming agents using wet granulation method. Formulated tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, assay, water content, in vitro drug release studies and stability studies.The drug release followed first order kinetics with both erosion and diffusion as the release mechanism. It is concluded that the desired drug release pattern can be obtained by using natrosol type 250 HHX compared to other polymers. The similarity factor (f2) was calculated to select best formulation by comparing in vitro dissolution data of the commercial formulation Ranexa®. The formulated tablets fulfilled the compendia requirements. The formulated Ranolazine Extended release tablets were found to be stable.
A Statistical Approach to Automatic OCR Error Correction in Context (1996)

This paper describes an automatic, context-sensitive, word-error correction system based on statistical language modeling (SLM) as applied to optical character recognition (OCR) postprocessing.
Clinical and molecular aspects of autoimmune diseases. (1992)

Autoimmunity in the age of molecular biology, J.M. Cruse and R.E. Lewis Jr new approaches to the genetics of autoimmune disease, M.F. Seldin molecular analysis of autoantibody production, W.H. Reeves et al mechanisms of anti-DNA antibody expression in normal and aberrant immunity, D.S. Pisetsky anti-DNA idiotypes - their pathogenic role in autoimmunity, D. Buskila and Y. Schoenfeld manipulation of anti-DNA idiotypes - a possible treatment approach to autoimmune diseases, D.Buskila et al cytokines in autoimmune diseases, G.S. Firestein Sjogren's syndrome and autoimmunity, E.W. St Clair clinical and molecular aspects of autoimmune endocrine disease, W.E. Winter et al new approaches to the molecular analysis of the spondyloanthropathies, J.D. Taurog and P.E. Lipsky immunopathogenesis of autoimmunity following human immunodefficiency virus infection, C.S. Via.
Effects of electromagnetic radiation in the range 20–300 MHz on the vacuolar potential of characean cells (1982)

A giant cell (circa 10 mm long) of Chara braunii or Nitella flexilis was placed in a microstrip exposure apparatus, and the vacuolar potential at one end was monitored with a micropipette while the other end was exposed to pulses of VHF radiation at electric field strengths up to 6250 V/m. With suitable filtering and signal averaging, offsets of the vacuolar potential could be detected in real time and at levels as low as 1 microV. The only effect that has been reproducibly observed in the carrier frequency range 20-300 MHz was the slow ramp-like hyperpolarization previously reported [Pickard and Barsoum, 1981] and tentatively attributed to electromagnetic heating of the system. The slopes of these ramps became more pronounced with increasing frequency and behaved in accordance with theoretical predictions.
Design of ceramic-capacitor VRM's with estimated load current feedforward (2004)

For voltage regulator module (VRM) designs with ceramic output capacitors, the capacitor size has to be chosen sufficiently large to allow for the use of relatively large inductor values. This enables operation at conventional switching frequencies, while meeting load transient response specifications. Due to the small effective series resistance (ESR) time constant of ceramic capacitors, this may result in designs with output capacitor ESR substantially lower than the desired output impedance. This is in contrast to conventional VRM implementations with electrolytic capacitors, where the desired output impedance is closely related to the output capacitor ESR. In ceramic capacitor designs with conventional feedback control, the required loop bandwidth is inversely proportional to the output capacitor size. The feedback bandwidth is limited by stability constraints linked to the switching frequency. The use of load current feedforward can extend the useful bandwidth beyond the limits imposed by feedback stability constraints. Load current feedforward is used to handle the bulk of the regulation action, while feedback is used only to compensate for imperfections of the feedforward and to ensure tight DC regulation. An experimental converter demonstrates tighter output regulation with estimated load current feedforward, than with pure feedback control.
The remarkable metrological history of radiocarbon dating [II] (2004)

This article traces the metrological history of radiocarbon, from the initial breakthrough devised by Libby, to minor (evolutionary) and major (revolutionary) advances that have brought (14)C measurement from a crude, bulk [8 g carbon] dating tool, to a refined probe for dating tiny amounts of precious artifacts, and for "molecular dating" at the 10 µg to 100 µg level. The metrological advances led to opportunities and surprises, such as the non-monotonic dendrochronological calibration curve and the "bomb effect," that gave rise to new multidisciplinary areas of application, ranging from archaeology and anthropology to cosmic ray physics to oceanography to apportionment of anthropogenic pollutants to the reconstruction of environmental history. Beyond the specific topic of natural (14)C, it is hoped that this account may serve as a metaphor for young scientists, illustrating that just when a scientific discipline may appear to be approaching maturity, unanticipated metrological advances in their own chosen fields, and unanticipated anthropogenic or natural chemical events in the environment, can spawn new areas of research having exciting theoretical and practical implications.
Random Access (2009)

The LTE Random Access Channel (RACH) plays a key role as an interface between non-synchronized UEs and the orthogonal transmission scheme of the LTE uplink. This chapter highlights all the important aspects of the LTE RACH design, together with the differences from its WCDMA counterpart. The chapter begins with a step-by-step guide to the random access procedures, highlighting key points such as response times and contention resolution. The rationale for all aspects of the design of the RACH preamble signatures is then explained, showing how the LTE RACH can be dimensioned appropriately for a range of deployment scenarios, including large cells, high-mobility, and operation in unpaired spectrum, and demonstrating the contribution made by Zadoff-Chu sequences with their special properties. The chapter concludes by identifying important implementation aspects for the design of a UE transmitter and a base station receiver for the RACH preambles.
Functional results after experimental reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in dogs. (1986)

The purpose of the present investigation was to test and compare three different types of experimental posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle reinnervation. Dogs were subjected to reinnervation by the recurrent nerve itself (self-reinnervation) (n = 6), by the ansa cervicalis nerve (n = 5) or by the phrenic nerve (n = 5). In all but three of the self-reinnervation cases the adductor branch of the nerve was cut and ligated. Three to seven months postoperatively--depending upon the experimental approach--the animals were anesthetized and the function of the vocal cords was tested, visually evaluated and photographed. In the self--reinnervated larynges there were no observable movements on the reinnervated side during quiet inspiration, while during forced inspiration there were small but inconsistent movements. In the larynges reinnervated by the ansa cervicalis nerve no movements could be observed on the reinnervated side during either quiet or forced respiration. In four out of five larynges reinnervated by the phrenic nerve there were larger excursions on the reinnervated side as compared to the normal side during quiet respiration. During forced inspiration the excursions increased on both sides, but relatively more on the normal side. In all experiments indirect electrical stimulation gave large excursions on the experimental side indicating successful reinnervation. It is concluded that the phrenic nerve appears to be the best alternative if reinnervation of the PCA muscle in paralyzed larynges is attempted.
Rational Design, Synthesis, and DNA Binding Properties of Novel Sequence‐Selective Peptidyl Congeners of Ametantrone (2010)

Natural and synthetic compounds characterized by an anthraquinone nucleus represent an important class of anti-neoplastic agents, the mechanism of action of which is related to intercalation into DNA. Ametantrone (AM) is a synthetic 9,10-anthracenedione bearing two (hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino residues at positions 1 and 4; along with other anthraquinones and anthracyclines, it shares a polycyclic intercalating moiety and charged side chains that stabilize DNA binding. All these drugs elicit adverse side effects, which represent a challenge for antitumor chemotherapy. In the present work the structure of AM was augmented with appropriate groups that target well-defined base pairs in the major groove. These should endow AM with DNA sequence selectivity. We describe the rationale for the synthesis and the evaluation of activity of a new series of compounds in which the planar anthraquinone is conjugated at positions 1 and 4 through the side chains of AM or other bioisosteric linkers to appropriate dipeptides. The designed novel AM derivatives were shown to selectively stabilize two oligonucleotide duplexes that both have a palindromic GC-rich hexanucleotide core, but their stabilizing effects on a random DNA sequence was negligible. In the case of the most effective compound, the 1,4-bis-[Gly-(L-Lys)] derivative of AM, the experimental results confirm the predictions of earlier theoretical computations. In contrast, AM had equal stabilizing effects on all three sequences and showed no preferential binding. This novel peptide derivative can be classified as a strong binder regarding the sequences that it selectively targets, possibly opening the exploitation of less cytotoxic conjugates of AM to the targeted treatment of oncological and viral diseases.
The relationship among gene expression, folding free energy and codon usage bias in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

Taking advantage of microarray data in Escherichia coli genome, the relationship among mRNA expression levels, folding free energy and codon usage bias are investigated. Our results indicate that mRNA expression is correlated to the stability of mRNA secondary structure and the codon usage bias. The decrease of the stability of mRNA structure contributes to the increase of mRNA expression. There is a negative correlation between codon adaptation index (CAI) and mRNA expression in genes with less stable structure. The relationship between the stability of mRNA structure and mRNA half‐life indicates the stability of mRNA structure is different from mRNA half‐life.
Chemically amplified photolithography of a conjugated polymer (1998)

J. Yu, M. Abley, C. Yang and S. Holdcroft, Chem. Commun., 1998, 1503 DOI: 10.1039/A804117B
Formal Z Specifications of Several Flat Role-Based Access Control Models (2006)

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a high level authorization mechanism in which access decisions are based on the roles that users hold within an organization. Because RBAC offers scalability, consistency and ease of maintenance, it is very useful, particularly for large organizations. RBAC has been used to describe authorization in a wide variety of applications ranging from operating systems and databases to complex information systems. Despite its widespread adoption, however, there doesn't seem to be a common agreement on the semantics of even key RBAC concepts. For examples, the definitions of fundamental terms such as subject, principal, role, task, and permission have been open to many different and sometimes inconsistent interpretations. This paper attempts to clarify and define essential RBAC concepts. Based on these definitions, a variety of state-based flat role based access control models are developed. These models have increasing degrees of complexity and are formulated in the specification notation Z. The starting point is a core RBAC model which, in turn, is successively refined into a series of flat RBAC models with increasing levels of details. The semantics of each model is captured by giving a precise formulation of its corresponding reference monitor which makes access control decisions
Compressed sensing with near-field THz radiation (2017)

We demonstrate a form of near-field terahertz (THz) imaging that is compatible with compressed sensing algorithms. By spatially photomodulating THz pulses using a set of shaped binary optical patterns and employing a 6-μm-thick silicon wafer, we are able to reconstruct THz images of an object placed on the exit interface of the wafer. A single-element detector is used to measure the electric field amplitude of transmitted THz radiation for each projected pattern, with the ultra-thin wafer allowing us to access the THz evanescent near fields to achieve a spatial resolution of ∼9 μm∼9 μm (
Accelerating Time Series Searching with Large Uniform Scaling (2018)

Similarity search is arguably the most important primitive in time series data mining. It is useful in its own right as an exploratory tool, and a subroutine in almost all higher level algorithms, such as motif discovery, anomaly detection, classification, clustering and summarization. Because of this, and the prevalence of time series data, the last decade has seen fast algorithms for time series similarity search under Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Uniform Scaling (US) distance measures. However, current state-of-the-art algorithms for US have only been demonstrated for the modest amounts of rescaling in datasets produced by human behaviors such as gestures, speech, music performance and physiological measurements such as heartbeats and respiration. As we shall show, in many industrial and commercial contexts we may encounter much greater amounts of rescaling, rendering current solutions little better than brute force search. To mitigate this problem we introduce novel lower bounds, LBnew, which, for the first time allows efficient search even in domains that exhibit more than a factor-of-two variability in scale. We demonstrate the utility of our ideas with both theoretical guarantees and comprehensive experiments on real data from commercial important domains, including power consumption monitoring and ECG monitoring. The results show the application of our lower bounds significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches for accelerating similarity searching of time series with more than a factor-of-two variability in scale as well as high-level time series mining tasks.
Polyurethane–polyaniline conducting graft copolymer with improved mechanical properties (2003)

Abstract The crosslinking effects on the mechanical and electrical properties of a conducting copolymer obtained by grafting polyaniline on a carboxylated polyurethane were investigated. The synthesis and characterization of the polyurethane–polyaniline copolymer (PEUAPAN) were previously reported. The crosslinking process was carried out by reacting ethylenediamine with those polyurethane residual carboxylic groups not involved in the amide binding to the conducting chains. The insoluble material obtained (PEUAPANc) shows a marked elastomeric feature, as evidenced in stress–strain and stress–relaxation measurements. Although the crosslinked graft copolymer conductivity is lower than that of the pristine material, its variation during deformation cycles is reversible because the chain relaxation and viscous flow phenomena are drastically suppressed by the crosslinks. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2516–2521, 2003
Wireless Medical-Embedded Systems: A Review of Signal-Processing Techniques for Classification (2012)

Body-worn sensor systems will help to revolutionize the medical field by providing a source of continuously collected patient data. This data can be used to develop and track plans for improving health (more sleep and exercise), detect disease early, and provide an alert for dangerous events (e.g., falls and heart attacks). The amount of data collected by even a small set of sensors running all day is too much for any person to analyze. Signal processing and classification can be used to automatically extract useful information. This paper presents a general classification framework for wireless medical devices and reviews the available literature for signal processing and classification systems or components used in body-worn sensor systems. Examples focus on electrocardiography classification and signal processing for inertial sensors.
Infertility in Men with Spinal Cord Injury: Research and Treatment (2012)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs most often to young men. Following SCI, most men are infertile due to a combination of erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction and semen abnormalities. Erectile dysfunction may be treated by the same therapies that are used in the general population. Similarly, the same treatments that are effective to assist conception in couples with non-SCI male factor patients are effective in assisting conception in SCI male-factor patients. The most apparent differences in male-factor symptoms between SCI and non-SCI patients are the high occurrences of anejaculation and atypical semen profiles in men with SCI. Methods available to assist ejaculation in men with SCI include penile vibratory stimulation and EEJ. Use of surgical sperm retrieval as the first line of treatment for anejaculation in men with SCI is controversial. Most men with SCI have a unique semen profile characterized by normal sperm concentration, but abnormally low sperm motility. Toxic substances in the semen contribute to this problem. Despite impaired sperm parameters, pregnancy outcomes using sperm from men with SCI are similar to pregnancy outcomes using sperm from non-SCI men. Future studies should focus on improving natural ejaculation and improving semen quality in these men.
The LPSAT Engine & Its Application to Resource Planning (1999)

Compilation to boolean satisfiability has become a powerful paradigm for solving AI problems. However, domains that require metric reasoning cannot be compiled efficiently to SAT even if they would otherwise benefit from compilation. We address this problem by introducing the LCNF representation which combines propositional logic with metric constraints. We present LPSAT, an engine which solves LCNF problems by interleaving calls to an incremental simplex algorithm with systematic satisfaction methods. We describe a compiler which converts metric resource planning problems into LCNF for processing by LPSAT. The experimental section of the paper explores several optimizations to LPSAT, including learning from constraint failure and randomized cutoffs.