gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechano-chemical control of human endothelium orientation and size. (1989)

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) were grown on elastic silicone membranes subjected to cyclic stretch, simulating arterial wall motion. Stretching conditions (20% amplitude, 52 cycle/min) stimulated stress fiber formation and their orientation transversely to the strain direction. Cell bodies aligned along the same axis after the actin cytoskeleton. EC orientation response was inhibited by the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin (10(-5) M), which caused stress fiber disassembly and the redistribution of F-actin to the cortical cytoplasm. Preoriented EC depleted of stress fibers by forskolin treatment retained their aligned state. Thus, stress fibers are essential for the process of EC orientation induced by repeated strain, but not for the maintenance of EC orientation. The monolayer formed by EC grown to confluence in conditions of intermittent strain consisted of uniform elongated cells and was resistant to deformation. In contrast, the monolayer assembled in stationary conditions was less compliant and exposed local denudations on initiation of stretching. When stretched in the presence of 10(-5) M forskolin it rapidly (3-4 h) reestablished integrity but gained a heterogeneous appearance since denuded areas were covered by giant cells. The protective effect of forskolin was because of the stimulation of EC spreading. This feature of forskolin was demonstrated while studying its action on EC spreading and repair of a scratched EC monolayer in conventional culture. Thus mechanical deformation and adenylate cyclase activity may be important factors in the control of endothelium morphology in human arteries.
AIDS dementia complex and HIV‐1 brain infection: Clinical‐virological correlations (1995)

To evaluate the presence and distribution of central nervous system infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we used immunohistochemical methods to map the HIV-1 p24 core protein in the brains of 55 autopsied patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In a subset of 40 of these patients who had undergone antemortem neurological evaluation of the AIDS dementia complex (ADC), we analyzed the relation between the severities of the viral infection and clinical dysfunction. Viral antigen was detected in macrophages and cells with morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of microglia as well as multinucleated cells. The distribution of antigen-positive cells preferentially involved certain deep brain structures, especially the globus pallidus, other basal ganglia nuclei, and the central white matter. Overall, the presence and frequency of infected cells were highly correlated with the histological findings of multinucleated-cell encephalitis and in general with the clinical ADC stage. However, infection was often more limited than might be "anticipated" from the severity of patients' clinical dysfunction: Only 61% of patients with at least ADC stage 1 had detectable antigen and of these only approximately 30% of the brain sections were antigen positive. These results suggest a pathogenetic model of ADC where virus- or cell-coded toxins amplify the effect of limited brain infection.
Use of In-Situ Optical Emission Spectroscopy for Leak Fault Detection and Classification in Plasma Etching (2013)

In-situ optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is employed for leak detection in plasma etching system. A misprocessing is reported for significantly reduced silicon etch rate with chlorine gas, and OES is used as a supplementary sensor to analyze the gas phase species that reside in the process chamber. Potential cause of misprocessing reaches to chamber O-ring wear out, MFC leaks, and/or leak at gas delivery line, and experiments are performed to funnel down the potential of the cause. While monitoring the plasma chemistry of the process chamber using OES, the emission trace for nitrogen species is observed at the chlorine gas supply. No trace of nitrogen species is found in other than chlorine gas supply, and we found that the amount of chlorine gas is slightly fluctuating. We successfully found the root cause of the reported misprocessing which may jeopardize the quality of thin film processing. Based on a quantitative analysis of the amount of nitrogen observed in the chamber, we conclude that the source of the leak is the fitting of the chlorine mass flow controller with the amount of around 2-5 sccm.
Accurate Approximation of Green's Functions in Planar Stratified Media in Terms of a Finite Sum of Spherical and Cylindrical Waves (2006)

A robust and computationally-expedient methodology is presented for accurate, closed-form approximation of the Green's functions used in the mixed-potential integral equation statement of the electromagnetic boundary value problem in planar stratified media. The proposed methodology is based on the fitting of the spectrum of the Green's function, after the extraction of the quasistatic part, making use of rational functions. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology rely upon the proper sampling of the spectrum in order to improve the accuracy of the rational function fit. The resulting closed-form approximation is in terms of both spherical and cylindrical waves. Thus, high accuracy is obtained in the approximation of the Green's function irrespective of the distance of the observation point from the source. The methodology is validated through its application to the approximation of the Green's function for a multi-layered, planar dielectric stack
A NEW ATTRACTION (2009)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTA NEW ATTRACTIONA few chemical companies are combining CHEMISTRY AND MAGNETICSMICHAEL MCCOYView Author Information C&EN NORTHEAST NEWS BUREAUCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2009, 87, 42, 24–25Publication Date (Print):October 19, 2009Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 19 October 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v087n042.p024https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v087n042.p024newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Iron,Magnetic properties,Polymers,Salts Get e-Alerts
HYDROGENOLYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES: VIII. COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON METHYL GLYCOPYRANOSIDES (1960)

Several methyl glycopyranosides have been hydrogenated under pressure at 180 °C with copper chromite catalyst in dioxane. Many glycosides underwent hydroxyl group inversion and another reaction observed consisted of hydrogenolytic removal of the methoxyl group coupled with reduction of a hydroxyl group to a methylene group. Other glycosides were stable under these conditions, and these included methyl β- and methyl α-D-glucopyranosides and unexpectedly methyl β-D-mannopyranoside and methyl α-D-talopyranoside. The data indicated that generally β-glycosides are more stable than their α-anomers in the hexopyranoside series and that the methyl hexopyranosides are more stable than the methyl pentopyranosides. Explanations have been made in the theoretical section in order to cover these observations. At 240 °C, however, methyl α-D-glucopyranoside is hydrogenolyzed giving 11% of 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-hexitols. These polyols have been fractionated and the mixture shown to contain lyxo- and arabo-1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-hexitols.
HLA-restricted cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against male specific (H-Y) antigen after acute rejection of an HLA-identical sibling kidney. (1981)

A 22-year old female patient who received a kidney from her HLA-A, -B, -C and D/DR identical brother (HLA-A2, 28; B7, 14; DR1/2) acutely rejected the graft 2 1/2 weeks post transplantation. In vitro tests 1 month later, using recipient responding cells and donor stimulating/target cells, revealed: No direct cell-mediated lympholysis (CML), but strong CML against donor target cells after priming in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Testing these cytotoxic cells from the patient on the panel of non-related target cells, we found positive CML only against target cells from male donors carrying HLA-A2 and/or -B7 specificities. Both MLC and CML tests using donor responding cells and recipient stimulating and target cells were negative. These findings indicate an HLA restricted cytotoxicity against a male-specific minor histocompatibility antigen, which may be the cause of rejection in this case.
Binding of T-antigen-bearing neoglycoprotein and peanut agglutinin to cultured tumor cells and breast carcinomas. (1990)

Chemical conjugation of appropriate carbohydrate ligands to an inert labeled carrier renders probes available to screen for the presence of respective binding sites. A set with a certain plant lectin and a suitable neoglycoprotein can thus determine complementary parts of a potentially relevant glycobiological interaction system. Owing to the interest in the peanut agglutinin-reactive T-antigen, we performed chemical synthesis of the respective disaccharide structure to serve as glycohistochemical ligand and established refinements of the synthetic patway. Coupling of the derivatized monomers had to be performed in the presence of sodium sulfate for optimal results. Complete removal of the protective groups from the p-nitrophenyl derivative of the N-acetylgalactosamine moiety was achieved under mild conditions with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone without affecting any other functional groups. Specific binding sites for the synthetic neoglycoprotein as well as for the plant lectin were demonstrated in cell lines of human breast carcinoma colon adenocarcinoma, and erythroleukemia. ABC reagents in conjunction with DAB as peroxidase substrate were used to visualize specific binding sites. Binding complied with the accepted criteria for specificity. Moreover, carbohydrate-specific binding sites were detected in sections of nine out of 14 cases with malignant breast lesions. The percentage of positive tumor cells with both neoglycoprotein and lectin was similar in each of the individual sections, regardless of quantitative variations between cases, lectin staining intensity often being more pronounced. The reactivity pattern in sections of primary and metastatic lesions was not significantly correlated with the lymph node status. This study emphasized that custom synthesis of saccharides and histochemical application of the resulting neoglycoprotein has a remarkable potential for complementary assessment of endogenous binding sites for carbohydrate structures, localized by external tools such as plant lectins, as a step to elucidate the importance of a putative proteincarbohydrate interaction.
Feature Engineering and Selection (2017)

Building Machine Learning systems and pipelines take significant effort, which is evident from the knowledge you gained in the previous chapters. In the first chapter, we presented some high-level architecture for building Machine Learning pipelines. The path from data to insights and information is not an easy and direct one. It is tough and also iterative in nature involving data scientists and analysts to reiterate through several steps multiple times to get to the perfect model and derive correct insights. The limitation of Machine Learning algorithms is the fact that they can only understand numerical values as inputs. This is because, at the heart of any algorithm, we usually have multiple mathematical equations, constraints, optimizations and computations. Hence it is almost impossible for us to feed raw data into any algorithm and expect results. This is where features and attributes are extremely helpful in building models on top of our data.
Surface electrochemistry and kinetics of anodic bromine formation at platinum (1995)

Studies are reported on the kinetics of anodic formation of Br2 at Pt in relation to chemisorption of the Br– ion, and the role of the adsorbed Br˙ intermediate in the reaction steps. The results are compared with those for the analogous anodic Cl2 evolution reaction. Cyclic voltammetry, recording of potential-relaxation transients and impedance spectroscopy methods are used to elucidate the question of chemisorption of Br– and Br˙ species in competition with surface oxide formation at Pt, which otherwise occurs in Br–-free aqueous solutions, and to evaluate the kinetic features of the reaction.Measurements have been made of the kinetics of Br2 formation at ‘freshly reduced’ Pt electrodes, at which virtually no anodic oxide film exists, and at ‘pre-oxidized’ ones where a well defined oxide film has been grown prior to the anodic Br2 formation experiments.The kinetics are shown to be dominated by the step of Br˙ recombination under all conditions, as similarly found for the Cl2 evolution reaction. However, the role of Br3– ion in the reaction in relatively concentrated Br– solutions has to be taken into account as well as chemisorption of Br– as a partially discharged reactant anion.
Smart Gun Technology project. Final report (1996)

The goal of the Smart Gun Technology project is to eliminate the capability of an unauthorized user form firing a law officer`s firearm by implementing user-recognizing-and-authorizing (or {open_quotes}smart{close_quotes}) surety technologies. This project was funded by the National Institute of Justice. This report lists the findings and results of the project`s three primary objectives. First, to find and document the requirements for a smart firearm technology that law enforcement officers will value. Second, to investigate, evaluate, and prioritize technologies that meet the requirements for a law enforcement officer`s smart firearm. Third, to demonstrate and document the most promising technology`s usefulness in models of a smart firearm.
Melatonin influences pancreatic cancerogenesis. (2014)

Pancreatic cancer has fatal prognosis because of the absence of early symptoms, late diagnosis and the resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Melatonin, an indoleamine discovered in the pineal gland, has also been detected in the gastrointestinal system and its specific receptors have been identified in the pancreas. Some evidence indicates that melatonin could modulate the process of pancreatic oncogenesis: 1) Melatonin, as direct scavenger of radical oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and activator of antioxidant enzymes effectively protects the pancreatic tissue against oxidative stress and inflammatory damage. 2) In pancreatic carcinoma cell line (PANC-1) melatonin used at high doses affects the Bax/Bcl protein balance, and stimulates the expressions of caspase-9 and caspase-3, thus activating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. On the contrary, low concentrations of melatonin turn on the production of anti-apoptotic heat shock proteins: HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90, which prevents the activation of caspase-3. 3) Melatonin reduces angiogenesis and decreases proliferation of endothelial cells through inhibition of vascular endothelial factor (VEGF). 4) Melatonin strengthens the immune defense of the organism via activation of peripheral effector T cells and suppression of T regulatory cells. 5) In animal studies melatonin has been found to increase the efficacy of oncostatic drugs, to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and to decrease morbidity. These observations suggest that melatonin at high doses could be potentially taken into consideration as the supportive treatment in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, although the effect of melatonin on apoptosis requires further study.
Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update (2016)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 5-10 % of women of reproductive age. It generally manifests with oligo/anovulatory cycles, hirsutism and polycystic ovaries, together with a considerable prevalence of insulin resistance. Although the aetiology of the syndrome is not completely understood yet, PCOS is considered a multifactorial disorder with various genetic, endocrine and environmental abnormalities. Moreover, PCOS patients have a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and their related morbidity, if compared to the general population.
Physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of bamboo and its utilization potential for fiberboard manufacturing (2004)

This study investigated the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the bamboo species Phyllostachys pubescens and its utilization potential to manufacture medium density fiberboard (MDF). The result showed holocellulose and alpha-cellulose content increased from the base to the top portion. There was no significant variation in Klason lignin content or ash content from the base to the top portion of the bamboo. The outer layer had the highest holocellulose, alpha cellulose, and Klason lignin contents and the lowest extractive and ash contents. The epidermis had the highest extractive and ash contents and the lowest holocellulose and alpha-cellulose content. Specific gravity (SG) and bending properties of bamboo varied with age and vertical height location as well as horizontal layer. All mechanical properties increased from one year old to five year old bamboo. The outer layer had significantly higher SG and bending properties than the inner layer. The SG varied along the culm height. The top portions had consistently higher SG than the base. Bending strength had a strong positive correlation with SG. In order to industrially use bamboo strips efficiently, it is advisable to remove minimal surface material to produce high strength bamboo composites. Compression properties parallel to the longitudinal direction was significantly higher than perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. As expected, at the same panel density level, the strength properties of the fiberboard increased with the increasing of resin content. Age had a significant effect on panel properties. Fiberboard made with one year old bamboo at 8% resin content level had the highest modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) among the bamboo panels, which was largely attributed to a higher compaction ratio as well as a higher percentage of larger fiber size. Fiberboard made with five year old bamboo at 8% resin level had the highest internal bond strength.
Effects of Prosthetic Mass Distribution on Metabolic Costs and Walking Symmetry (2013)

Unilateral, transtibial amputees exhibit walking asymmetries and higher metabolic costs of walking than nonamputees walking at similar speeds. Using lightweight prostheses has previously been suggested as a contributing factor to walking asymmetries. The purpose was to investigate the effects of prosthesis mass and mass distribution on metabolic costs and walking asymmetries among six unilateral, transtibial amputees. Kinematic and temporal symmetry did not improve when mass was added at different locations on the limb. Stance and swing time asymmetries increased by 3.4% and 7.2%, respectively, with loads positioned distally on the limb. Maximum knee angular velocity asymmetries increased by 6% with mass added to the thigh, whereas maximum thigh angular velocity asymmetries increased by approximately 10% with mass positioned near the prosthetic ankle. Adding 100% of the estimated mass difference between intact and prosthetic legs to the ankle of the prosthesis increased energy costs of walking by 12%; adding the same mass to the prosthesis center of mass or thigh center of mass increased metabolic cost by approximately 7% and 5%, respectively. Unless other benefits are gained by increasing prosthesis mass, this should not be considered as a possible alternative to current lightweight prosthesis designs currently being prescribed to unilateral amputees.
Cytochromes of Bacillus subtilis. 3. Physicochemical and enzymatic properties of cytochromes c-550 and c-554. (1969)

Journal Article Cytochromes of Bacillus subtilis: III. Physicochemical and Enzymatic Properties of Cytochromes c-550 and c-554 Get access KEIZABURO MIKI, KEIZABURO MIKI From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka UniversityToyonaka, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KAZUO OKUNUKI KAZUO OKUNUKI From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka UniversityToyonaka, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 66, Issue 6, December 1969, Pages 845–854, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129215 Published: 01 December 1969 Article history Received: 09 June 1969 Published: 01 December 1969
Fault detection and isolation in RF subsystems (2003)

The authors report on the development of an approach for performing fault detection and isolation in RF subsystems using a highly integrated system-level operation. By integrating diagnostics into system-level operation RF subsystem faults are detected and isolated to the line replaceable module (LRM). This study is conducted in the context of the communication navigation identification (CNI) subsystem and the electronic warfare (EW) subsystem developed by TRW avionics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Pneumopathies caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae]. (1992)

Among the atypical pneumonias observed between March 1990 and March 1991, 6 were diagnosed as being caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae of the TWAR strain. The serological diagnosis was obtained by a microimmunofluorescence test. All 6 patients had anti-TWAR antibody levels higher than 512; they were treated with a macrolide administered by the oral route and were cured without sequelae or recurrences. Four cases received a ten day course of roxithromycin 300 mg/day and one case received erythromycin 2 g/day also for 10 days. The sixth case received a short course of azithromycin 500 mg once daily for three days. In 2 other patients presenting with clinical and radiological signs of pneumonia the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection could not be made despite an antibody level equal or higher than 512, since the serological results showed cross-reactions between C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis and C. psittaci antibody responses.