gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of human choriogonadotropin in HeLa-cell cultures by aliphatic monocarboxylates and inhibitors of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis (1977)

The ectopic production of the glycopeptide hormone human placental choriogonadotropin by HeLa65 cells was measured by radioimmunoassay with antiserum against the β-subunit of choriogonadotropin and with the125I-labelled β-subunit as a tracer antigen. Choriogonadotropin synthesis was markedly (500-fold) stimulated by sodium butyrate. Kinetic studies and the use of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide, indicated that protein synthesis was required for this induction. Investigation of the efficiency of 22 aliphatic short-chain fatty acids and derivatives in causing increased choriogonadotropin synthesis by HeLa cells showed stringent structural requirements. Induction of choriogonadotropin synthesis in HeLa cells was not restricted to butyrate. Other aliphatic acids (propionate, isobutyrate, valerate and hexanoate) were also capable of inducing choriogonadotropin synthesis at 10–50% of the efficiency of butyrate. Hydroxy derivatives of monocarboxylate inducers, related mono- and di-carboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, ketones, esters and sulphoxide were ineffective in increasing choriogonadotropin production by HeLa cells. A saturated C4 straight-chain acid without substituent hydroxyl groups but with a methyl group at one end and a carboxyl moiety at the other appeared to be most efficient in activating choriogonadotropin production. A second clonal line of HeLa cells, HeLa71, showed a higher constitutive synthesis of choriogonadotropin than HeLa65 cells, which was also markedly increased by butyrate. Butyrate and other aliphatic monocarboxylate inducers of choriogonadotropin synthesis inhibited HeLa-cell growth and DNA synthesis. This inhibition of DNA replication may be related to the mechanism of choriogonadotropin synthesis, since two well-characterized anti-neoplastic inhibitors of DNA synthesis, hydroxyurea and 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, also stimulated a 300-fold increase in choriogonadotropin synthesis in HeLa cells and were synergistic with butyrate in promoting choriogonadotropin synthesis. Thus activation in tumour cells of genes normally expressed by foetal tissue and the consequent ectopic synthesis of polypeptide hormones may require neither cell division nor DNA synthesis.
A simple device for quick separation of high-T<sub>c</sub>superconducting materials (1987)

A method has been developed to separate superconducting particles from non-superconducting ones during the preparation of high-temperature superconducting samples.
Total Synthesis of Intensely Sweet Saponin, Osladin (1993)

Total synthesis of a steroidal trisaccharide osladin (1) which is the sweet principle of a fern Polypodium vulgare has been accomplished from aldehyde 3 by developing a triflic acid catalyzed 2′-discriminated and β-selective glucosylation as well as an α-selective thermal rhamnosylation.
Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Biliary Bile Acid and Bile Lipid Composition in Gallstone Patients (1984)

In five patients with radiolucent gallstones, the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (Urso) in doses of 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 mg per day on biliary lipid and bile acid composition was studied. Biliary cholesterol decreased from 8.8 +/- 0.8 mole% to 4.4 +/- 0.2 mole% at 500 mg Urso per day (7.1 mg per kg) and to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mole% at 750 mg Urso per day (10.7 mg per kg). Administration of 1,000 or 1,250 mg Urso per day produced no further decrease of biliary cholesterol. The biliary content of phospholipids and total bile acids remained unchanged. During Urso treatment, the relative amounts of glyco-Urso and tauro-Urso in bile increased. Glyco-Urso reached a plateau at 49.1 +/- 2.1% of total bile acids during treatment with 1,000 mg Urso per day, and tauro-Urso increased up to 4.3 +/- 1.5% of total bile acids at 250 mg Urso per day. Simultaneously cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid decreased. The data indicate that Urso treatment reduces biliary cholesterol efficiently already at a dose of 500 mg per day; biliary bile acid composition changes up to 1,000 mg Urso per day. Doses greater than 1,000 mg per day produced no additional alterations in bile composition.
A Biaxially Stretchable Interconnect with Liquid Alloy Joints on Flexible Substrate (2007)

This paper reports a new and simple way to fabricate biaxially stretchable interconnects. To increase the stretchability, two novel ideas are suggested. These include 1) a geometry of 2-D diamond shaped gold lines on a PDMS substrate, and 2) coverage of potentially breakable points with liquid alloy. Stretchability of up to 60% was obtained using these techniques.
BQ-869, a novel NMDA receptor antagonist, protects against excitotoxicity and attenuates cerebral ischemic injury in stroke. (2015)

Stroke is one of the three diseases that cause human death in current world, and it is the common, frequently occurring disease in the middle-old ages. NMDA receptors mediate glutamate-induced cell death when intensely or chronically activated, which is an important cause of neuronal cell death after acute injuries. Here, we demonstrated that BQ-869, a potent NMDA receptor antagonist, blocked NMDA receptor in concentration-dependent and dose-dependent manner, attenuated NMDA-induced Ca(2+) influx, inhabited NMDAR-mEPSC in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, improved athletic ability of rats with MACO, decreased infarction size in focal cerebral ischemia rats and reduced stroke mortality. Taken together, our data demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of BQ-869 might be through inhibiting NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity. These findings indicate that BQ-869 is the most potent antagonist of NMDA receptors, and provide new insights with potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of stroke.
Ice Floe Identification in Satellite Images Using Mathematical Morphology and Clustering about Principal Curves (1992)

Abstract Identification of ice floes and their outlines in satellite images is important for understanding physical processes in the polar regions, for transportation in ice-covered seas, and for the design of offshore structures intended to survive in the presence of ice. At present this is done manually, a long and tedious process that precludes full use of the great volume of relevant images now available. We describe an accurate and almost fully automatic method for identifying ice floes and their outlines. Floe outlines are modeled as closed principal curves, a flexible class of smooth nonparametric curves. We propose a robust method of estimating closed principal curves that reduces both bias and variance. Initial estimates of floe outlines come from the erosion-propagation (EP) algorithm, which combines erosion from mathematical morphology with local propagation of information about floe edges. The edge pixels from the EP algorithm are grouped into floe outlines using a new clustering algorithm. This extends existing clustering methods by allowing groups to be centered about principal curves rather than points or lines. This may open the way to efficient feature extraction using cluster analysis in images more generally. The method is implemented in an object-oriented programming environment, for which it is well suited, and is quite computationally efficient.
<i>Lactobacillus</i><i>casei</i> reduces CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell‐mediated skin inflammation (2004)

Probiotics, including Lactobacilli, have been postulated to alleviate allergic and inflammatory diseases, but evidence that they exert an anti-inflammatory effect by immune modulation of pathogenic T cell effectors is still lacking. The aim of this study was to examine whether L. casei could affect antigen-specific T cell-mediated skin inflammation. To this end, we used contact hypersensitivity to the hapten 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, a model of allergic contact dermatitis mediated by CD8+ CTL and controlled by CD4+ regulatory T cells. Daily oral administration of fermented milk containing L. casei or L. casei alone decreased skin inflammation by inhibiting the priming/expansion of hapten-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ effector T cells. The down-regulatory effect of the probiotics required the presence of CD4+ T cells, which control the size of the hapten-specific CD8+ T cell pool primed by skin sensitization. L. casei cell wall was as efficient as live L. casei to regulate both the CHS response and the hapten-specific CD8+ T cell response, suggesting that cell wall components contribute to the immunomodulatory effect of L. casei. This study provides the first evidence that oral administration of L. casei can reduce antigen-specific skin inflammation by controlling the size of the CD8+ effector pool.
A method for the reproduction of vehicle test drives for the simulation based evaluation of image processing algorithms (2010)

Since the 1980's computer aided engineering (CAE) and simulation (CAS) methods are widely used in the car development process. First the focus was set on crash simulation and car body design. Since a few years due to the rapidly increasing complexity of new electronic systems these techniques are applied in the development and test processes of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). There are a lot of motivations, such as cost reduction and safety issues. As a result of these efforts it is possible to reduce the development cycle times and to increase the quality of the products drastically. In this publication the next step in computer aided engineering is taken. The reproduction of a real test drive is described and simulation quality is examined by a vehicle detection algorithm. First an introduction about the motivation for using synthetic generated images for the test of computer vision applications is given. The next section of this paper deals with vehicle detection in general and gives a more detailed introduction to appearance based methods, especially the used Haar-wavelet based approach. The method for the reproduction of a real test drive is described in detail and the application is shown. The results are evaluated by comparing the detection results of classifier between simulation and reality frame by frame. Further the relevant frames of the evaluation are analysed. Finally, a conclusion and outlook about the possible applications and improvements is made.
Biomarker Use in Colorectal Cancer Therapy (2011)

Biomarkers reflective of the molecular and genetic heterogeneity in colorectal cancers now guide certain aspects of clinical management and offer great potential for enrichment, stratification, and identification of novel therapeutic targets in drug development. Using case-based examples, this article reviews biomarkers that have an established role in the clinical management of colorectal cancer: mismatch repair protein testing and KRAS and BRAF mutational analysis. A selection of biomarkers undergoing validation for future clinical application is presented, and the dynamic and challenging interface between biomarkers in research and clinical practice is discussed.
External quantum efficiency measurements of Germanium bottom subcells: Measurement artifacts and correction procedures (2010)

The measurement procedures for the determination of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of individual subcells in a monolithic, series connected stack of solar cells are known since the 1980s [1]. There, the importance of the choice of appropriate bias light spectrum and bias voltage was already addressed. However, especially when measuring the EQE of Germanium bottom subcells in monolithic III-V triple-junction cells artifacts in the measured EQE are frequently found. Such an artifact can be identified by concurrent observation of a significant parasitic EQE signal in the wavelength region of another subcell - in the majority of the cases in the response region of the middle subcell - AND a comparatively lowly determined EQE of the subcell intended to be measured - usually the Germanium bottom subcell. A procedure how to correct such an EQE measurement that shows an artifact is introduced in [2]. However, only a procedure correcting for the parasitic EQE signal in the response region of the subcell which is not under test, is given. In this paper we will present an additional correction procedure that also corrects for the too lowly measured EQE of the subcell under test.
Degradation of Highly Alloyed Metal Halide Perovskite Precursor Inks: Mechanism and Storage Solutions (2018)

Whereas the promise of metal halide perovskite (MHP) photovoltaics (PV) is that they can combine high efficiency with solution-processability, the chemistry occurring in precursor inks is largely unexplored. Herein, we investigate the degradation of MHP solutions based on the most widely used solvents, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). For the MHP inks studied, which contain formamidinium (FA+), methylammonium (MA+), cesium (Cs+), lead (Pb2+), bromide (Br–), and iodide (I–), dramatic compositional changes are observed following storage of the inks in nitrogen in the dark. We show that hydrolysis of DMF in the precursor solution forms dimethylammonium formate, which subsequently incorporates into the MHP film to compromise the ability of Cs+ and MA+ to stabilize FA+-based MHP. The changes in solution chemistry lead to a modification of the perovskite film stoichiometry, band gap, and structure. The solid precursor salts are stable when ball-milled into a powder, allowing for the storage of large quantities of stoichiometric precursor materials.
Modular Design of Self-Assembling Peptide-Based Nanotubes (2015)

An ability to design peptide-based nanotubes (PNTs) rationally with defined and mutable internal channels would advance understanding of peptide self-assembly, and present new biomaterials for nanotechnology and medicine. PNTs have been made from Fmoc dipeptides, cyclic peptides, and lock-washer helical bundles. Here we show that blunt-ended α-helical barrels, that is, preassembled bundles of α-helices with central channels, can be used as building blocks for PNTs. This approach is general and systematic, and uses a set of de novo helical bundles as standards. One of these bundles, a hexameric α-helical barrel, assembles into highly ordered PNTs, for which we have determined a structure by combining cryo-transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, and model building. The structure reveals that the overall symmetry of the peptide module plays a critical role in ripening and ordering of the supramolecular assembly. PNTs based on pentameric, hexameric, and heptameric α-helical barrels sequester hydrophobic dye within their lumens.
Symptom Improvement in Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Erlotinib: Quality of Life Analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study BR.21 (2006)

Erlotinib not only improves survival in previously treated patients with NSCLC, but also improves tumor-related symptoms and important aspects of QOL.
Combinatorial algorithms for nearest neighbors, near-duplicates and small-world design (2009)

We study the so called combinatorial framework for algorithmic problems in similarity spaces. Namely, the input dataset is represented by a comparison oracle that given three points x, y, y' answers whether y or y' is closer to x. We assume that the similarity order of the dataset satisfies the four variations of the following disorder inequality: if x is the a'th most similar object to y and y is the b'th most similar object to z, then x is among the D(a + b) most similar objects to z, where D is a relatively small disorder constant.Though the oracle gives much less information compared to the standard general metric space model where distance values are given, one can still design very efficient algorithms for various fundamental computational tasks. For nearest neighbor search we present deterministic and exact algorithm with almost linear time and space complexity of preprocessing, and near-logarithmic time complexity of search. Then, for near-duplicate detection we present the first known deterministic algorithm that requires just near-linear time + time proportional to the size of output. Finally, we show that for any dataset satisfying the disorder inequality a visibility graph can be constructed: all outdegrees are near-logarithmic and greedy routing deterministically converges to the nearest neighbor of a target in logarithmic number of steps. The later result is the first known work-around for Navarro's impossibility of generalizing Delaunay graphs.The technical contribution of the paper consists of handling false positives in data structures and an algorithmic technique up-aside-down-filter.
Comparative study of the National Cancer Institute and French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group grading systems in a population of 410 adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma. (1997)

PURPOSE Several histologic grading systems have been validated in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), but no system is currently accepted worldwide. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC) systems were examined comparatively in the same population of patients with STS to determine which system is the best prognosticator with regard to metastasis development and tumor mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred ten adult patients with nonmetastatic STS were examined. Histologic grade was established according to the NCI and FNCLCC systems in each case. The prognostic value of both systems was examined using univariate and multivariate (Cox's model) analyses, and special attention was devoted to tumors with discordant grades. RESULTS In univariate analysis, both the NCI and FNCLCC systems were of prognostic value to predict metastasis development and tumor mortality. In multivariate analysis, high-grade tumors, irrespective of the system used, size > or = 10 cm, and deep location were found to be independent prognostic factors for the advent of metastases. Tumor grade had a higher predictive value than size or depth, and higher prognostic weight was assigned to the FNCLCC grading system in Cox models. Grade discrepancies were observed in 34.6% of the cases. An increased number of grade 3 STS, a reduced number of grade 2 STS, and a better correlation with overall and metastasis-free survival within subpopulations with discordant grades were observed in favor of the FNCLCC system. CONCLUSION The FNCLCC system showed slightly increased ability to predict distant metastasis development and tumor mortality. The use of this system to evaluate STS aggressiveness might be favored.
The Role of Flushing Dental Water Lines for the Removal of Microbial Contaminants (2006)

The results support recent U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations that the process of flushing dental water lines cannot be relied upon as a sole means of reliably improving the quality of water used in dental treatment.
HVPE growth of thick AlN on trench‐patterned substrate (2011)

Abstract We have fabricated low threading dislocation density (TDD) and crack‐free thick AlN films on trench‐patterned AlN templates for application to deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) by employing an epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) process. Using AlN templates with various stripe structures formed along the <10‐10> direction, We systematically investigated mechanism of void structure formed by the ELO process. It was found that the height of void‐tops was proportional to the groove width and the growth rate ratio of vertical to lateral. And, the height of void‐bottoms was proportional to the parameter defined as the square of groove‐width divided by the groove‐depth. Furthermore, the growth rate ratio of vertical to lateral lowered with increasing growth temperature, and heightened with decreasing V/III ratio (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Linking Measures of Media Exposure to Sexual Cognitions and Behaviors: A Review (2008)

Research linking media exposure with various cognitive and behavioral outcomes has produced mixed results. While some studies have found evidence for a substantial media effect, other studies report a modest effect or no effect at all. The current study aims to advance the understanding of “media effects” by investigating the ways in which exposure to sexual content has been measured and by examining the various outcomes that have been linked to that exposure. A review of relevant articles suggests that studies have become more methodologically sophisticated over time. For example, in recent years, researchers have begun to use more specific exposure measures, capturing exposure to sexual content instead of exposure to a specific genre or to a given medium. The use of these specific sex content exposure measures, in comparison to general or genre exposure measures, have increased the likelihood of finding a significant association between exposure and behavioral outcomes.
Overcoming misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (2005)

article Share on Overcoming misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks: an overview Authors: George Athanasiou View Profile , Leandros Tassiulas View Profile , Gregory S. Yovanof View Profile Authors Info & Claims XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for StudentsVolume 11Issue 4August 2005pp 5https://doi.org/10.1145/1144389.1144394Published:01 August 2005Publication History 2citation487DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads487Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteGet Access
Practical cryptographic civil GPS signal authentication (2011)

A practical technique is proposed to authenticate civil GPS signals. The technique combines cryptographic authentication of the GPS navigation message with signal timing authentication based on statistical hypothesis tests to secure civil GPS receivers against spoofing attacks. The notion of GNSS signal authentication is defined in probabilistic terms. Candidate GPS signal authentication schemes are evaluated in terms of effectiveness and practicality leading to a proposal for incorporating digital signatures into the extensible GPS civil navigation (CNAV) message. The proposal is sufficiently detailed to facilitate near-term implementation of security-hardened civil GPS. Copyright © 2012 Institute of Navigation.
A 490 × 404 element imager for a single chip color camera (1985)

A CCD imager with a 5.86mm(V) × 7.13mm(H) chip and an imaging area of 4.32mm(V) × 5.73mm(H) will be reported. The S/N ratio is 55dB under scene illumination level of 200 1x, which is 50% of the saturation illumination.
A sampling algorithm for digitally controlled boost PFC converters (2003)

Digital control of a boost power factor correction (PFC) converter requires sampling of the input current. As the input current contains a considerable amount of switching ripple and high frequency switching noise, the choice of the sampling instant is very important. To avoid aliasing without employing a (very) high sampling frequency, the sampling is synchronized with the pulse width modulation (PWM). Sampling algorithms employing this technique successfully reject the input current ripple but are not immune to the high frequency switching noise present on all sampled signals. Therefore, a new sampling algorithm, intended for center-based or symmetric PWM, is deduced with as most important features: switching noise immunity, straightforwardness, accurate measurement of the averaged input current and the need for only few processor cycles. The operating principle, design issues and a theoretical study of the input current error induced by the sampling algorithm due to sampling instant timing errors are derived. All theoretical results are validated experimentally by using a digitally controlled boost PFC converter switching at 50 kHz.