gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A programmable processor for bit-serial protocols (1992)

The Programmable Communications Interface (PCI), a novel VLSI component capable of efficiently implementing a wide spectrum of intelligent bit-serial protocols, is described. In particular, the PCI achieves a low cost implementation of the channel interface specified by the new P*64 standard for video communications. The PCI has been successfully implemented in a 0.7- mu m CMOS compacted array technology. Application programming of the PCI is supported by an assembler and a simulator. The PCI architecture is described, a programming example is given, and a system design incorporating the PCI is illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4 (2020)

CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although many individual chemokines have been well researched, there has been no comprehensive review presenting the role of all known human CC chemokines in the hallmarks of cancer, and this paper aims at filling this gap. The first part of this review discusses the importance of CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 in cancer. Here, we discuss the significance of CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, and CCL26. The presentation of each chemokine includes its physiological function and then the role in tumor, including proliferation, drug resistance, migration, invasion, and organ-specific metastasis of tumor cells, as well as the effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the effects of each CC chemokine on the recruitment of cancer-associated cells to the tumor niche (eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), regulatory T cells (T<sub>reg</sub>)). On the other hand, we also present the anti-cancer properties of CC chemokines, consisting in the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).
Annotated List of the Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Kentucky: Subfamily Eumolpinae (2010)

An examination of leaf beetle specimens (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the largest beetle collections in Kentucky, recent inventory work in state nature preserves and other protected areas, and a review of the literature revealed forty-six species of the subfamily Eumolpinae present in Kentucky, twenty of which previously were unreported for the state. Distribution maps and label data are presented for the forty-six Kentucky species, including spatial (state and Kentucky county records), temporal (years and months of collection in Kentucky), and plant association information. The following species are reported from Kentucky for the first time: Metachroma carolinense Blake, Metachroma laterale Crotch, Metachroma orientale Blake, Graphops curtipennis curtipennis (F. E. Melsheimer), Graphops marcassita marcassita (Crotch), Graphops simplex J. L. LeConte, Graphops varians J. L. LeConte, Paria fragariae Wilcox, Paria pratensis Balsbaugh, Paria sellata (Horn), Colaspis favosa Say, Colaspis suilla suilla F., Glyptoscelis pubescens (F.), Spintherophyta globosa (Olivier), Tymnes metasternalis (Crotch), Tymnes violaceus Horn, Demotina modesta Baly, Fidia longipes (F. E. Melsheimer), Xanthonia angulata Staines & Weisman, and Xanthonia serrata Staines & Weisman.
Migration of specialist insect predators to exploit patchily distributed spider mites (2001)

Abstract It is believed that specialist predators of spider mites often migrate by flight or aerial transport to exploit patchily distributed prey. The migration is an important factor in determining the seasonal occurrence of the predators in a field. Several species of specialist insect predators, such as Oligota kashmirica benefica (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and Scolothrips takahashii (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), migrate between orchard trees and plants near the trees (e.g., groundcover, weeds, or windbreaks) to exploit abundant spider mites. This migration is at least partly triggered by prey scarcity in the original local habitats. Although these predators are tiny insects, they have flight abilities. For example, adult O. kashmirica benefica (body length, ∼1 mm) could move at least 5–16 m in one flight. Presumably, migration of the insect predators between prey‐infested plants occurs mainly by flights. Predatory mites, such as Amblyseius fallacis and Amblyseius womersleyi (Acari: Phytoseiidae), migrated to spider mite‐infested plants outside an orchard by aerial transport when they suffered from prey scarcity in the orchard. S. takahashii can use plant volatiles from lima bean plants induced by the spider mite Tetranychus urticae as cues for prey location during migration in Satsuma mandarin groves. However, it remains unknown how far from the trap boxes S. takahashii could respond to herbivore‐induced plant volatiles in the groves.
Six trauma imprints treated with combination intervention: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Thought Field Therapy (TFT) or Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT). (2002)

Green Cross Project volunteers in New York City describe a unique intervention which combines elements of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) with Thought Field Therapy and Emotional Freedom Techniques. Six trauma imprints were identified and treated in a number of the clients. The combination treatments seemed to have a beneficial effect in alleviating the acute aspects of multiple traumas. Here are the stories of two Spanish speaking couples who were treated in unison by bilingual therapists two to three weeks after the attack on the World Trade Center.
A 22GS/s 6b DAC with integrated digital ramp generator (2005)

A 22GS/s 6b DAC is presented that includes a digital ramp pattern generator. The DAC core and ramp generator consume 2W and 1.2W respectively operating from 3.3V. The DAC produces a differential signal up to 1.3V/sub pp/ DNL<0.5LSB and INL<0.9LSB are measured. The highest glitch energy is 0.5pVs. Settling times are 70 and 40ps for full- and half-scale transitions, respectively.
Arf6, Rab11 and transferrin receptor define distinct populations of recycling endosomes (2013)

Recycling endosomes are key platforms for endocytic recycling that return internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane. To determine how recycling endosomes perform their functions, searching for proteins and lipids that specifically localized at recycling endosomes has often been performed by colocalization analyses between candidate molecules and conventional recycling endosome markers. However, it remains unclear whether all the conventional markers have identical localizations. Here we report finding that three well-known recycling endosome markers, i.e., Arf6, Rab11 and transferrin receptor (TfR), have different intracellular localizations in PC12 cells. The results of immunofluorescence analyses showed that the signals of endogenous Arf6, Rab11 and TfR in nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells generally differed, although there was some overlapping. Our findings provide new information about recycling endosome markers, and they highlight the heterogeneity of recycling endosomes.
Three-dimensional volume reconstruction from fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy imagery (2006)

In this dissertation, I present a problem of three-dimensional volume reconstruction from florescent confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imagery. I overview a three-dimensional volume reconstruction framework which consists of (a) volume reconstruction procedures using multiple automation levels, feature types, and feature dimensionalities, (b) a data-driven registration decision support system, (c) an evaluation study of registration accuracy, and (d) a novel intensity enhancement technique for 3D CLSM volumes. 
The motivation for developing the framework came from the lack of 3D volume reconstruction techniques for CLSM image modality. The 3D volume reconstruction problem is challenging due to significant variations of intensity and shape of cross sectioned structures, unpredictable and inhomogeneous geometrical warping during medical specimen preparation, and an absence of external fiduciary markers. The framework addresses the problem of automation in the presence of the above challenges as they are frequently encountered during CLSM-based 3D volume reconstructions used for cell biology investigations. 
The objectives of the presented three-dimensional volume reconstruction framework are summarized as follows: (1) automate alignment of sub-volumes (physical sections) from multiple cross sections, (2) obtain high resolution image frames by mosaicking (i.e., stitching together), (3) quantify the accuracy of volume reconstruction using multiple techniques, and (4) visualize the reconstructed volumes in three-dimensional environments for visual inspection and quantitative interpretation. 
The primary contribution of this dissertation is the presentation of a new theoretical model for three-dimensional volume reconstruction that includes reconstruction methodology, a data-driven registration decision support, automation, intensity enhancement for processing volumetric image data from fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSM). Researched methods have been fully implemented in the Image to Knowledge (12K) software package developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). 
The broader impact of my work is in providing the algorithms in a form of web-enabled tools to the medical community so that medical researchers can minimize laborious and time intensive 3D volume reconstructions using the tools and computational resources at NCSA.
Reflections in a serpent's eye: Thebes in Ovid's Metamorphoses (2010)

1. Introduction: 'Happy Birthday, Romulus' 2. 'In Nomine Patris': Ovid's Theban Law 3. 'Th' Unconquerable Will, and Study of Revenge': Juno in Thebes 4. Narcissus and Echo: The Arrows of Love's Errors 5. 'Through a Glass Darkly': Narcissus as Oedipus 6. Pentheus Monsters Thebes 7. Ovid and the Epic Tradition: The Post-Augustans
Fast linear iterations for distributed averaging (2004)

We consider the problem of finding a linear iteration that yields distributed averaging consensus over a network, i.e., that asymptotically computes the average of some initial values given at the nodes. When the iteration is assumed symmetric, the problem of finding the fastest converging linear iteration can be cast as a semidefinite program, and therefore efficiently and globally solved. These optimal linear iterations are often substantially faster than several simple heuristics that are based on the Laplacian matrix of the associated graph.
Development of monoclonal antibody ELISA for simultaneous detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus serogroup A, and Escherichia coli K99 antigen in feces of calves (1992)

A rapid ELISA was developed for simultaneous detection of bovine coronavirus (BCV), rotavirus (RV) serogroup A, and Escherichia coli K99 antigen in feces of calves. A mixture of 3 monoclonal antibodies specific for BCV, RV, or K99 was used successfully to capture the antigens; the same antibodies labeled with peroxidase were used to detect BCV, RV, or K99. The triple ELISA was compared with standard reference diagnostic methods by examining feces from experimentally and naturally infected and healthy calves. All the components of the test were highly specific (greater than 90%) and sensitive (BCV, 77%; K99, 93%; RV, 100%) when used in a format requiring short incubation steps at 20 C and visual recording of results.
Effect of juice and fermented vinegar from Hovenia dulcis peduncles on chronically alcohol-induced liver damage in mice (2012)

The protective effects of juice and fermented vinegar from Hovenia dulcis peduncles on chronically ethanol-induced biochemical changes in male mice were investigated. Administration of ethanol (50%, v/v, 10 mL kg⁻¹) to mice for 6 weeks induced liver damage with a significant increase (P < 0.01) of the liver index, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) in the serum and the hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) level. In contrast, administration of juice or fermented vinegar from Hovenia dulcis peduncles (10 mL kg⁻¹ bw) along with alcohol significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the activities of the enzymes (AST, ALT and γ-GT), liver index, concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TCH) in the serum and the hepatic TG and LPO levels. Mice treated with juice or fermented vinegar from Hovenia dulcis peduncles showed better profiles of the antioxidant systems with relatively higher glutathione (GSH) content, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. All these results were accompanied by histological observations in liver. The results demonstrate that both of the juice and fermented vinegar from Hovenia dulcis peduncles have beneficial effects in reducing the adverse effect of alcohol.
Be Careful What You Ask For - You Just Might Get It! (2005)

A reply to Don Grover's article in the September issue of AB&P from Peter Field, current president of the APA and CEO of Pearson Australia Group.
Rotating Digital Audio Tape (R-DAT): A Format Overview (1987)

The 1/4-in. analog audio tape format, which has survived for 35 years in the audio recording industry, is now being challenged by the rotating digital audio tape (R-DAT) format. This article discusses the proposed format in terms of track dimensions, error detection and correction, its unique automatic track-following signal, the possibility of duplication by magnetic contact printing, and cassette size. The format offers the end user digital quality at analog expense.
Souped-Up Telescope (2007)

哈勃太空望远镜从地球轨道上为我们传回了无数精美清晰的太空照片,然而它难以满足地面众多用户的使用需求。剑桥大学和加利福尼亚理工学院的科学家独辟蹊径,找到了一个不通过太空望远镜来获取清晰太空图像的方案,而且这种方案比通过哈勃来获取图像还更便宜。我们不妨看看他们的计划。
Thermodynamics and kinetics of the Mg65Cu25Y10 bulk metallic glass forming liquid (1998)

The thermodynamics and kinetics of the bulk metallic glass forming Mg65Cu25Y10 liquid were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and three-point beam bending. The experiments lead to the determination of the thermodynamic functions as well as the viscosity of the supercooled liquid. The viscosity shows a temperature dependence, which is consistent with that of a strong glass similar to Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Be bulk metallic glasses or sodium silicate glasses. This contrasts with more fragile conventional metallic glass formers or pure metals. The relatively weak temperature dependence of the thermodynamic functions of the supercooled liquid is related to these sluggish kinetics in the supercooled liquid. Entropy, viscosity, and kinetic glass transition are compared in the frameworks of the fragility concept and the Adam–Gibbs theory. Strong liquid behavior retards the formation of crystals kinetically and thermodynamically.
Synthetic Lethality and Cancer Therapy: Lessons Learned from the Development of PARP Inhibitors (2014)

The genetic concept of synthetic lethality, in which the combination or synthesis of mutations in multiple genes results in cell death, provides a framework to design novel therapeutic approaches to cancer. Already there are promising indications, from clinical trials exploiting this concept by using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, that this approach could be beneficial. We discuss the biological rationale for BRCA-PARP synthetic lethality, how the synthetic lethal approach is being assessed in the clinic, and how mechanisms of resistance are starting to be dissected. Applying the synthetic lethal concept to target non-BRCA-mutant cancers also has clear potential, and we discuss how some of the principles learned in developing PARP inhibitors might also drive the development of additional genetic approaches.
Combinatorial Screening of Nanoclay-Reinforced Hydrogels: A Glimpse of the “Holy Grail” in Orthopedic Stem Cell Therapy? (2018)

Despite the promise of hydrogel-based stem cell therapies in orthopedics, a significant need still exists for the development of injectable microenvironments capable of utilizing the regenerative potential of donor cells. Indeed, the quest for biomaterials that can direct stem cells into bone without the need of external factors has been the "Holy Grail" in orthopedic stem cell therapy for decades. To address this challenge, we have utilized a combinatorial approach to screen over 63 nanoengineered hydrogels made from alginate, hyaluronic acid, and two-dimensional nanoclays. Out of these combinations, we have identified a biomaterial that can promote osteogenesis in the absence of well-established differentiation factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) or dexamethasone. Notably, in our "hit" formulations we observed a 36-fold increase in alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity and a 11-fold increase in the formation of mineralized matrix, compared to the control hydrogel. This induced osteogenesis was further supported by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Additionally, the Montmorillonite-reinforced hydrogels exhibited high osteointegration as evident from the relatively stronger adhesion to the bone explants as compared to the control. Overall, our results demonstrate the capability of combinatorial and nanoengineered biomaterials to induce bone regeneration through osteoinduction of stem cells in a natural and differentiation-factor-free environment.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA Detection by a Novel In Situ Hybridization Assay Strongly Correlates With p16 Expression and Patient Outcomes in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2011)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is established as causative in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), being detected in 50% to 80% of tumors by DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and/or polymerase chain reaction. However, these tests do not assess viral transcription. Many consider E6/E7 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) the best indicator of HPV status, but it has not been detected in situ in OSCC. We constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) from a cohort of OSCC for which p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV DNA ISH were previously performed on whole sections. We utilized a novel, chromogenic RNA ISH assay called RNAscope to detect E6/E7 mRNA of HPV-16 and other high-risk types on these TMAs. RNA ISH results were obtained for 196 of 211 TMA cases, of which 153 (78.1%) were positive. p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV DNA ISH were positive in 79.0% and 62.4% of cases, respectively. Concordance between RNA and p16, DNA and p16, and RNA and DNA were 96.4%, 78.7%, and 83.5%, respectively. Only 7 cases (3.6%) were discrepant between RNA ISH and p16. In univariate analysis, all 3 tests correlated with better overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) (all P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, OS correlated significantly with RNA (hazard ratio=0.39, P=0.001), DNA (0.53, P=0.03), and p16 (0.30, P<0.001), but DSS and DFS correlated significantly only with p16 (DSS: 0.36, P=0.006; DFS: 0.42, P=0.016). RNA ISH is more sensitive than DNA ISH in detecting HPV in OSCC, and it correlates strongly with p16. Although both tests were comparable, p16 more strongly stratified patient outcomes.
A CMOS neural network for pattern association (1989)

The authors present an analog complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) version of a model for pattern association, along with discussions of design philosophy, electrical results, and a chip architecture for a 512-element, feed-forward IC. They discuss hardware implementations of neural networks and the effect of limited interconnections. They then examine network design, processor-element design, and system operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nitric oxide and oxygen radicals in infection, inflammation, and cancer. (1998)

In recent years, accumulated evidence indicates that free radical species and nitric oxide (NO) or its derivatives are the key denominators in carcinogenesis. Our present topics discussed in this article will focus on the biological significance of free radical generation induced by viral and bacterial infections. In influenza virus infection in mice, the level of xanthine oxidase (XO) at the infected sites was elevated to a great extent. The timing of paralleled induction of XO with that of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) indicates efficient simultaneous reaction: NO + O2*- --> ONOO- (peroxynitrite). Peroxynitrite formation was identified by immunostaining of nitrotyrosine at the local site of infected organs. Peroxynitrite exhibits unique chemical reactivities such as protein nitration, DNA-strand breakage, guanine nitration, etc., which may then bring about not only cytotoxic effect but also mutagenesis. Numbers of evidence in vitro and in vivo show that treatment with chemical carcinogens such as carbon tetrachloride and heterocyclic amines also generated superoxide. The chronic inflammatory reactions, e.g., zymosan- and silica-induced granuloma, revealed very similar free radical generation in vivo. In addition, most experimental solid tumors have elevated levels of iNOS in the tumor tissue, and NO thus generated facilitates vascular permeability, which accelerates nutritional supply to the tumor tissue and hence sustains the rapid tumor growth. These circumstantial evidences suggest that inflammatory responses induced by various pathogens would accelerate mutagenesis as well as tissue damage, whereas NO also sustains more effectively solid tumor growth when normal cells are transformed to tumor or carcinoma cells by the host-derived free radical species.
Recommendations for Standards Regarding Preclinical Neuroprotective and Restorative Drug Development (1999)

The plethora of failed clinical trials with neuroprotective drugs for acute ischemic stroke have raised justifiable concerns about how best to proceed for the future development of such interventions. Preclinical testing of neuroprotective drugs is an important aspect of assessing their therapeutic potential, but guidelines concerning how to perform preclinical development of purported neuroprotective drugs for acute ischemic stroke are lacking. This conference of academicians and industry representatives was convened to suggest such guidelines for the preclinical evaluation of neuroprotective drugs and to recommend to potential clinical investigators the data they should review to reassure themselves that a particular neuroprotective drug has a reasonable chance to succeed in an appropriately designed clinical trial. Without rigorous, robust, and detailed preclinical evaluation, it is unlikely that novel neuroprotective drugs will prove to be effective when tested in large, time-consuming, and expensive clinical trials. Additionally, similar recommendations are provided for drugs with the potential to enhance recovery after acute ischemic stroke, a burgeoning new field with great potential but little currently available data. The suggestions contained in this document are meant to serve as overall guidelines that must be adapted to the individual characteristics related to particular drugs and their preclinical and clinical development needs.