gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of transfusion of fresh whole blood versus platelet concentrates after cardiac operations. A scanning electron microscope study of platelet aggregation on extracellular matrix. (1989)

To evaluate the effect of fresh whole blood transfusion versus platelet concentrates transfusion on platelet aggregation after cardiac operations, 24 patients were randomized to receive either one unit of fresh whole blood (12 patients) or 10 platelet units (12 patients) after cardiopulmonary bypass. Platelet aggregation on extracellular matrix, platelet count, and mean platelet volume were studied preoperatively, at termination of cardiopulmonary bypass, after protamine administration, and after the transfusion of fresh whole blood or after transfusion of each two platelet units. Extracellular matrix produced by cultured bovine corneal cells closely resembles the vascular subendothelial basal lamina, and is an ideal in vitro model in the study of platelet interaction with the subendothelium. Platelet aggregation on extracellular matrix, studied by a scanning electron microscope, was graded from 1 to 4, wherein grade 1 represents nonactivated platelets and grade 4 a mature platelet aggregate. With this grading system, the two groups were similar in preoperative values (3.3 +/- 0.9 versus 3.7 +/- 0.4) and values after cardiopulmonary bypass (1.5 +/- 1.0 in both groups). One unit of fresh whole blood restored platelet aggregation on extracellular matrix to preoperative status (3.0 +/- 1.0), whereas eight platelet units were needed for the same result (3.2 +/- 0.8). One unit of fresh whole blood increased platelet count in a manner similar to that achieved by six platelet units and increased mean platelet volume to a level higher than that achieved by 10 platelet units. These results suggest that the effect of one unit of fresh whole blood on platelet aggregation after cardiopulmonary bypass is at least equal, if not superior, to the effect of 8 to 10 platelet units.
Sites of RNA polymerase III transcription initiation and Ty3 integration at the U6 gene are positioned by the TATA box. (1993)

The function of a TATA element in RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) III transcription of a naturally TATA-containing U6 snRNA gene and a naturally TATA-less tRNA gene was probed by transcription and Ty3 transposition analyses. Deletion of the TATA box from a U6 minigene did not abolish transcription and Ty3 integration but changed the positions of initiation and insertion. Insertion of the U6 TATA box at three positions upstream of the TATA-less SUP2 tRNA(Tyr) gene resulted in novel transcription initiation and Ty3 integration patterns that depended upon position of the insertion. Nevertheless, the predominant tRNA gene initiation sites were not affected by insertion of the TATA sequence and remained at a fixed distance from the internal box A promoter element. Insertions of the TATA box upstream of a SUP2 box A mutant affected the level of transcription and restricted the use of upstream start sites, but they neither enhanced the use of TATA-dependent initiation sites nor restored expression to the level of the wild-type gene. We conclude that (i) the U6 TATA box is essential in vivo for correct initiation but not for transcription, (ii) a TATA box does not compensate for a weak box A sequence and so cannot perform equivalently, and (iii) the TATA-binding protein, and probably components of transcription factor IIIB, are present on the target at the time of Ty3 integration.
Lignin Nanoparticle as a Novel Green Carrier for the Efficient Delivery of Resveratrol (2017)

In this work, we have developed a novel green nanoparticle platform based on lignin without chemical modification. The alkali lignin (AL) was used to prepare nanoparticles with perfect spheres and well dispersibility via a simple self-assembly method by adding water to a methanol solution of AL. Finally, we showed that self-assembly of AL with the bioactive molecule resveratrol (RSV) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles led to the formation of stable nanodrug carrier. In cytological and animal tests, the magnetic RSV-loaded lignin nanoparticles (AL/RSV/Fe3O4 NPs) demonstrated good anticancer effects and enhanced in vitro RSV release and stability, drug accumulation, and better tumor reduction, as well lower adverse effects than free drugs, strongly supporting the AL NPs application as a new and highly efficient nanodelivery. Moreover, this renewable green material with its simple preparation technique and easy large-scale production would be a highly potential candidate for many poorly soluble drugs.
The preparation of (<i>S</i>)-3,4-dehydroproline from (2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-hydroxyproline (1982)

(2S,4R)-N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-4-tosyloxyproline methyl ester, readily prepared from commercially available (2S,4R)-N-benzyl-oxycarbonyl-4-hydroxyproline, was converted to (S)-3,4-dehydroproline of high enantiomeric purity by a process which involved a highly regioselective phenylselenoxide elimination to introduce the olefinic function.
Broadband polarization-converting mirror for the visible region of the spectrum (2002)

A mirror structure that enables the polarization of linearly polarized light to be rotated by 90 degrees over the entire visible region of the spectrum is presented. Theoretical modeling is used to show that this phenomenon occurs for light that is normally incident upon a metal grating consisting of a series of high and narrow ridges that are oriented at 45 degrees to the polarization angle. This broad polarization-conversion band is shown to arise from mode mixing of surface plasmon polariton-mediated polarization-conversion bands and interference-mediated polarization-conversion bands.
Implantation of Allogenic Synovial Stem Cells Promotes Meniscal Regeneration in a Rabbit Meniscal Defect Model (2012)

Synovial mesenchymal stem cells adhere to sites of meniscal injury, differentiate into cells resembling meniscal fibrochondrocytes, and enhance both quality and quantity of meniscal regeneration.
Newsmap for the Armed Forces : Iran, rich land poor land (1946)

Front: Text and illustrations highlight one of the
	kingdom of Iran and its vast, untapped oil reserves.
	
Map: Iran. 

Photographs: The Shah of Iran, Mohamed Reza Pahlevi; British troops guard an oil refinery at Aradian; Mosque of Suz.
	
 Back: Text offers suggestions for making the most of post-war vocational and educational opportunities. Includes 7 photographs. Chart, Postwar Plans of Soldiers, is based on a survey conducted by the Research Branch of the Information-Education Division.
Effects of Soil Amendments at a Heavy Loading Rate Associated with Cover Crops as Green Manures on the Leaching of Nutrients and Heavy Metals from a Calcareous Soil (2003)

The potential risk of groundwater contamination by the excessive leaching of N, P and heavy metals from soils amended at heavy loading rates of biosolids, coal ash, N-viro soil (1:1 mixture of coal ash and biosolids), yard waste compost and co-compost (3:7 mixture of biosolids to yard wastes), and by soil incorporation of green manures of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor var. sudanense) was studied by collecting and analyzing leachates from pots of Krome very gravelly loam soil subjected to these treatments. The control consisted of Krome soil without any amendment. The loading rate was 205 g pot(-1) for each amendment (equivalent to 50 t ha(-1) of the dry weight), and the amounts of the cover crops incorporated into the soil in the pot were those that had been grown in it. A subtropical vegetable crop, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), was grown after the soil amendments or cover crops had been incorporated into the soil. The results showed that the concentration of NO3-N in leachate from biosolids was significantly higher than in leachate from other treatments. The levels of heavy metals found in the leachates from all amended soils were so low, as to suggest these amendments may be used without risk of leaching dangerous amounts of these toxic elements. Nevertheless the level of heavy metals in leachate from coal ash amended soil was substantially greater than in leachates from the other treatments. The leguminous cover crop, sunn hemp, returned into the soil, increased the leachate NO3-N and inorganic P concentration significantly compared with the non-legume, sorghum sudangrass. The results suggest that at heavy loading rates of soil amendments, leaching of NO3- could be a significant concern by application of biosolids. Leaching of inorganic P can be increased significantly by both co-compost and biosolids, but decreased by coal ash and N-viro soil by virtue of improved adsorption. The leguminous cover crop, sunn hemp, when incorporated into the soil, can cause the concentration of NO3-N to increase by about 7 fold, and that of inorganic P by about 23% over the non-legume. Regarding the metals, biosolids, N-viro soil and coal ash significantly increased Ca and Mg concentrations in leachates. Copper concentration in leachate was increased by application of biosolids, while Fe concentration in leachates was increased by biosolids, coal ash and co-compost. The concentrations of Zn, Mo and Co in leachate were increased by application of coal ash. The concentrations of heavy metals in leachates were very low and unlikely to be harmful, although they were increased significantly by coal ash application.
A proposal to monitor muscle contraction through the change of electrical impedance inside a muscle (2014)

Dynamically monitoring muscle contraction is an important task in sports training and rehabilitation programs. Internal muscles monitoring are specially challenging because they cannot be accessed by palpation or surface EMG. It is well known that blood flow through skeletal muscle can increase 15-to 25-fold during extreme exercise compared to its rest state. Additionally, at rest, some muscle capillaries have little or no blood flowing, but during strenuous exercise, all the capillaries open. With regard to electrical properties, blood resistivity is about half of muscle resistivity. Thus, global muscle resistivity have a tendency to change when it goes from rest to activity state. Recent results suggest that resistivity changes are related to contraction rate. Bearing that in mind, Electrical Impedance Tomography turns out to be an interesting signal to monitor muscle contraction by sensing resistivity changes related to muscle activity. If low intensity current is injected and electric potentials are measured through electrodes attached on skin, resistivity maps can be obtained using this data to solve an ill-posed inverse problem. In this work the electrical impedance was measured while a muscle was under repetitive contractions. Significant changes of electrical impedance were found in the frequency of contractions.
The Dean's Job Satisfaction: Its Relationship to Organizational Structure (1986)

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between formal organizational structure and the dean's job satisfaction. A two-part questionnaire was sent to 345 deans of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree nursing programs. Seventy-three percent responded. The findings showed that decentralization and some degree of complexity and formalization were related to job satisfaction. In spite of these findings, deans should consider all personnel, academic, and budgetary implications before proceeding with organizational restructuring.
Test procedure and specifications for component susceptibility to electrostatic discharges (2003)

A component-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) test procedure and specifications, developed to provide a means for early evaluation of ESD compatibility of electronic systems, is presented. The steps taken in the development of the ESD component procedure and specifications are reviewed. Three discharge methods and the variables associated with them are discussed. Conclusions are presented based on experimental findings. The required criteria for the evaluation of commercial ESD simulators are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 in interleukin‐2‐stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (1993)

Major adhesion routes between lymphoid cells involve the receptor/ligand pairs LFA-1/ICAM-1 and CD2/LFA-3, in addition to VLA or CD44 molecules. In this study we evaluated the role of these adhesion receptors in the proliferative response of lymphoid cells to interleukin-2 (IL-2). Blocking studies were performed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against these adhesion molecules. Selective inhibition of recombinant (r)IL-2-induced cell proliferation was observed with mAb directed against the alpha or beta subunit of LFA-1 or to its ligand ICAM-1. Interestingly, rIL-2-induced proliferation was also inhibited by NKI-L16, and anti-1 alpha antibody known to enhance cell-cell interaction. Resting lymphocytes were preferentially susceptible to the inhibition, particularly in an early phase of culture and when stimulated with a relatively low dose of rIL-2. By using mAb that specifically could block distinct rIL-2 activation pathways, LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction was found to be required for p55 IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-mediated interaction of rIL-2 with its high-affinity receptor, but not for p75 IL-2R-mediated responses. Furthermore, it was shown that the rIL-2 response of T lymphocytes, but not of natural killer cells, was dependent on LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. This suggests that LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction is required for an optimal rIL-2 response of cells capable of IL-2 secretion. Our data provide evidence for the hypothesis that adhesion receptor-directed release of IL-2 may result in a locally high concentration of IL-2 that triggers high-affinity IL-2R signaling and up-regulates p55 IL-2R to enhance cytokine responsiveness.
The Study for NHPP Software Reliability Growth Model based on Exponentiated Exponential Distribution (2006)

Finite failure NHPP models presented in the literature exhibit either constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing failure occurrence rates per fault. In this paper, Goel-Okumoto and Yamada-Ohba-Osaki model was reviewed, proposes the exponentiated exponential distribution reliability model, which maked out efficiency substituted for gamma and Weibull model(2 parameter shape illustrated by Gupta and Kundu(2001) Algorithm to estimate the parameters used to maximum likelihood estimator and bisection method, model selection based on SSE, AIC statistics and Kolmogorov distance, for the sake of efficient model, was employed. Analysis of failure using NTDS data set for the sake of proposing shape parameter of the exponentiated exponential distribution was employed. This analysis of failure data compared with the exponentiated exponential distribution model and the existing model (using arithmetic and Laplace trend tests, bias tests) is presented.
Impact of a genetic variant of Chlamydia trachomatis on national detection rates in Sweden (2006)

In the Swedish county of Halland, it was recently reported that a proportion of sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections could not be detected using standard laboratory tests manufactured by Abbott and Roche
Et informert valg? - Offentlighet, patriotisme og pressens lokale samfunnsoppdrag (2016)

Lokale og regionale nyhetsmedier har tradisjonelt vært den viktigste og vanligvis også den eneste kanalen for lokal politisk journalistikk. Med utgangspunkt i kommune- og fylkestingsvalget i 2015 undersøker denne studien fra Stjørdal i Nord-Trøndelag på hvilken måte disse mediene i dag legger til rette for at borgere kan gjøre informerte valg. Datamaterialet består av innholdsanalyser og intervjuer med lokale politikere. Studien viser at lokalavisenes patriotiske tolkningsramme er framtredende, noe som trolig bidrar til å fremme identitet og tilhørighet. I kombinasjon med ei stadig mer redusert regional nyhetsdekning gir dette imidlertid et noe mangelfullt tilbud av politisk journalistikk. Nøkkelord: lokal journalistikk, politisk kommunikasjon, tolkningsrammer, lokal offentlighet
Transport phenomena in polymer-graphite composite materials (1989)

The dc electrical resistance of a polymer-graphite composite has been studied in high magnetic fields (<10 T) and at low temperatures for different concentrations of graphite. The resistivity of the composites for the high graphite concentrations was much greater (${>10}^{4}$) than that of pure graphite, and above a critical concentration of graphite a percolative behavior occurred. In addition to the ordinary positive magnetoresistance, an anomalous negative magnetoresistance at low fields was observed in the composite, but not in pure graphite. The data are explained in terms of contact resistances between adjacent graphite particles, with a special emphasis on the bidimensional aspect of graphite.
The role of dilation and confining stresses in shear thickening of dense suspensions (2012)

Many densely packed suspensions and colloids exhibit a behavior known as Discontinuous Shear Thickening in which the shear stress jumps dramatically and reversibly as the shear rate is increased. We performed rheometry and video microscopy measurements on a variety of suspensions to determine the mechanism for this behavior. We distinguish Discontinuous Shear Thickening from inertial effects by showing that the latter are characterized by a Reynolds number but are only found for lower packing fractions and higher shear rates than the former. Shear profiles and normal stress measurements indicate that, in the shear thickening regime, stresses are transmitted through frictional rather than viscous interactions. We come to the surprising conclusion that for concentrated suspensions such as cornstarch in water which exhibit the phenomenon of Discontinuous Shear Thickening, the local constitutive relation between stress and shear rate is not necessarily shear thickening. If the suspended particles are heavy enough to settle, we find the onset stress of shear thickening τmin corresponds to a hydrostatic pressure from the weight of the particle packing where neighboring particles begin to shear relative to each other. Above τmin⁠, dilation is seen to cause particles to penetrate the liquid–air interface of the sheared sample. The upper stress boundary τmax of the shear thickening regime is shown to roughly match the ratio of surface tension divided by a radius of curvature on the order of the particle size. These results suggest a new model in which the increased dissipation in the shear thickening regime comes from frictional stresses that emerge as dilation is frustrated by a confining stress from surface tension at the liquid–air interface. We generalize this shear thickening mechanism to other sources of a confining stress by showing that, when instead the suspensions are confined by solid walls and have no liquid–air interface, τmax is set by the stiffness of the most compliant boundary which frustrates dilation. All of this rheology can be described by a nonlocal constitutive relation in which the local relation between stress and shear rate is shear thinning, but where the stress increase comes from a normal stress term which depends on the global dilation.
Development of a time-cycled volume-controlled pressure-limited respirator and lung mechanics system for total liquid ventilation (2001)

Total liquid ventilation can support gas exchange in animal models of lung injury. Clinical application awaits further technical improvements and performance verification. Our aim was to develop a liquid ventilator, able to deliver accurate tidal volumes, and a computerized system for measuring lung mechanics. The computer-assisted, piston-driven respirator controlled ventilatory parameters that were displayed and modified on a real-time basis. Pressure and temperature transducers along with a lineal displacement controller provided the necessary signals to calculate lung mechanics. Ten newborn lambs (<6 days old) with respiratory failure induced by lung lavage, were monitored using the system. Electromechanical, hydraulic, and data acquisition/analysis components of the ventilator were developed and tested in animals with respiratory failure. All pulmonary signals were collected synchronized in time, displayed in real-time, and archived on digital media. The total mean error (due to transducers, analog-to-digital conversion, amplifiers, etc.) was less than 5% compared with calibrated signals. Components (tubing, pistons, etc.) in contact with exchange fluids were developed so that they could be readily switched, a feature that will be important in clinical settings. Improvements in gas exchange and lung mechanics were observed during liquid ventilation, without impairment of cardiovascular profiles. The total liquid ventilator maintained accurate control of tidal volumes and the sequencing of inspiration/expiration. The computerized system demonstrated its ability to monitor in vivo lung mechanics, providing valuable data for early decision making.
Lumped-circuit model extraction for vias in multilayer substrates (2003)

Via interconnects in multilayer substrates, such as chip scale packaging, ball grid arrays, multichip modules, and printed circuit boards (PCB) can critically impact system performance. Lumped-circuit models for vias are usually established from their geometries to better understand the physics. This paper presents a procedure to extract these element values from a partial element equivalent circuit type method, denoted by CEMPIE. With a known physics-based circuit prototype, this approach calculates the element values from an extensive circuit net extracted by the CEMPIE method. Via inductances in a PCB power bus, including mutual inductances if multiple vias are present, are extracted in a systematic manner using this approach. A closed-form expression for via self inductance is further derived as a function of power plane dimensions, via diameter, power/ground layer separation, and via location. The expression can be used in practical designs for evaluating via inductance without the necessity of full-wave modeling, and, predicting power-bus impedance as well as effective frequency range of decoupling capacitors.
Adding real-time capabilities to Java (1998)

Sun Microsystems initially developed Java as a tool to support internal development of small embedded systems. Later, they determined the language was appropriate for development and distribution of Internet applications and released the language to the general public. Java is object oriented with syntax derived from C and C++ [1, 10], however, Java's designers chose not to pursue full compatibility with C and C++ because they preferred to eliminate from these languages certain troublesome features. In particular, Java does not support enumerated constants; pointer arithmetic; traditional functions, structures and unions; multiple inheritance; goto statements; operator overloading; and preprocessor directives.