gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of the low voltage-activated calcium channel of mouse sperm by egg ZP3 and by membrane hyperpolarization during capacitation (1999)

Sperm adhesion to egg zonae pellucidae initiates sperm acrosome reactions, an exocytotic event that is an early step during fertilization. Previously, it was suggested that zona pellucida-evoked Ca2+ entry into sperm through low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels is an essential step in acrosome reactions, based on the inhibitory effects of Ca2+ channel antagonists. However, analysis of this channel is limited by the inability to apply electrophysiological methods directly to sperm. In this report, optical methods of determining membrane potential and internal Ca2+ levels were used to demonstrate that (i) contact with zonae pellucidae activates a transient Ca2+ response in sperm that has a time course and antagonist sensitivity anticipated of low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels; (ii) these channels are unavailable for opening in uncapacitated sperm because of voltage-dependent, steady state inactivation; (iii) membrane hyperpolarization during sperm capacitation is sufficient to recruit channels into a closed state, from which they are available for opening during fertilization; and (iv) channel conductance state may be a factor in determines the efficacy with which channel antagonists inhibit fertilization. This study provides evidence for the activation of sperm Ca2+ channels during gamete adhesion and offers a mechanism that may account for aspects of the regulation of sperm fertility during capacitation through the control of channel availability. Finally, these results suggest that channel conductance state may be a central feature in the design of channel antagonists that inhibit sperm function.
The action of some α-amylases on starch granules (1963)

Research Article| March 01 1963 The action of some α-amylases on starch granules GJ WALKER; GJ WALKER Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PM HOPE PM HOPE Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1963) 86 (3): 452–462. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0860452 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation GJ WALKER, PM HOPE; The action of some α-amylases on starch granules. Biochem J 1 March 1963; 86 (3): 452–462. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0860452 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1963 The Biochemical Society1963 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Design and code inspections to reduce errors in program development (1999)

Successful management of any process requires planning, measurement, and control. In programming development, these requirements translate into defining the programming process in terms of a series of operations, each operation having its own exit criteria. Next there must be some means of measuring completeness of the product at any point of its development by inspections or testing. And finally, the measured data must be used for controlling the process. This approach is not only conceptually interesting, but has been applied successfully in several programming projects embracing systems and applications programming, both large and small. It has not been found to “get in the way” of programming, but has instead enabled higher predictability than other means, and the use of inspections has improved productivity and product quality. The purpose of this paper is to explain the planning, measurement, and control functions as they are affected by inspections in programming terms.
Efficiency-optimised CVT hydraulic and clamping system (2002)

An important target of modern transmission technology is the reduction of fuel consumption. The AUDI multitronic trademark currently in production with the LuK CVT components: pulley sets, chain, hydraulic control unit with pump and damper sets a very good standard with regard to efficiency, fuel consumption and dynamic behaviour. Compared to conventional 5 speed automatic transmissions there is a fuel consumption advantage of 9%, and the time for acceleration from 0 to 60 mph is improved by 1.3 s. These values are mainly influenced by the CVT components delivered by LuK as a system supplier. Further developments of the hydraulic control, in combination with new ideas for a slip controlled clamping, show a potential to reduce fuel consumption. The benefit of the described concept including the LuK chain amounts to 7.. 10% compared to conventional CVT technologies. (orig.)
Direct Phenylation of Isoxazoles Using Palladium Catalysts. Synthesis of 4-Phenylmuscimol (1982)

z e d by t h e palladiumc a t a l y z e d coupling o f t h e i s o x a z o l e , r i n g with benzene o r iodobenzene.Compound 4, thus o b t a i n e d , was converted t o 4-phenylmuscimol 12).
Analysis of the herbicide chlorsulfuron in soil by liquid chromatography (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the herbicide chlorsulfuron in soil by liquid chromatographyEdward W. ZahnowCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1982, 30, 5, 854–857Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00113a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00113a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estudio fenotípico, genético y ecológico de pseudomonas savastanoi pv. Retacarpa. Agente etiológico de la tuberculosis de la retama (retama sphaerocarpa bss.) (2000)

Pseudomonas savastanoi es una bacteria fitopatogena que afecta principalmente al olivo, adelfa fresno y retama. La bacteria induce un crecimiento desdiferenciado en los tejidos de la planta dando lugar a tumores. La formacion de estos esta inducida por la sintesis, por parte de la bacteria, de acido indol 3-acetico. El estudio realizado se basa fundamentalmente en los siguientes apartados: - Analisis cualitativo de la microbiotica existente en los tumores. - Analisis de la dinamica de las comunidades epifiticas y endofiticas. En este apartado se estudia la influencia de los factores abioticos sobre las bacterias y la capacidad de estas para formar nucleos de hielo. - Caracterizacion fenotipica de la patovariedad que afecta a la retama y estudio de la variabilidad de cepas que afectan a otras plantas. - Analisis de la variabilidad genotipica mediante secuencias repetitivas ERIC, BOX y REP y de ribotipaje.
Detection of gastritis by 99mTc-labeled red-blood-cell scintigraphy (1984)

Detection of gastritis by 99mTc-labeled red-blood-cell scintigraphyGP Wilton, RL Wahl, JE Juni and JW FroelichAudio Available | Share
The in Vitro Pfnetration of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Drugs from Transparent Oil-Water Gels Through Excised Human Epidermis: A Comparative Study with Other Dermatological Vehicles (1989)

Within the scope OF evaluating transparent oil-water gels as dermatological vehicles, the percutaneous absorption of both a hydrophilic drug, tetracaine hydrochloride, and a lipophilic drug, benzyl nicotinate, is studied using excised human epidermis. From a comparison of the results with those of release experiments, it appears that in most cases the penetration of both drugs through the epidermis occurs at a much lower rate than their release from the vehicles. This indicates that the penetration process constitutes the rate limiting step.For both drugs the penetration rate from the transparent oil-water gel through human epidermis is comparable to those from other commonly used vehicles. Due to the higher lipophilicity of benzyl nicotinate, however, its penetration occurs faster than for tetracaine hydrochloride. As to the influence OF drug concentration in the vehicle on penetration rate, the results do not provide a decisive answer.
Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Is There a Light at the End of the Tunnel? (2019)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with dismal prognosis when diagnosed at advanced stages. Surgical resection of the primary tumor or orthotropic liver transplantation serves as a potential curative option. However, this approach is highly dependent on the hepatic reserve and baseline functional status of the patient. Liver directed therapies such as portal vein embolization (PVE), trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and systemic chemotherapy are employed in non-surgical candidates. Sorafenib was the only approved systemic therapeutic agent for almost a decade until the recent approval of lenvatinib by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an alternate first-line agent. Regorafenib, nivolumab, pembrolizumab and cabozantinib are approved by the FDA as second-line agents in patients who failed or could not tolerate sorafenib. Ramucirumab was recently FDA approved for the subset of patients that have high alfa-fetoprotein levels (>400 ng/mL). A better understanding of tumorigenesis and encouraging clinical trial results that evaluated immune-checkpoint inhibitors opened doors for immunotherapy in HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated a prolonged median overall and progression-free survival in a subset of patients with HCC. On-going translational and clinical research will hopefully provide us with a better understanding of tumor markers, genetic aberrations and other factors that determine the immunotherapy response in HCC. In this review, we sought to summarize the potential role and future directions of immunotherapy in the management of HCC.
Gold–heterometal complexes. Evolution of a new class of luminescent materials (2007)

A very promising area of research in which metallophilic attraction has become the dominating factor determining the structural patterns that give rise to luminescent materials is discussed. In addition to the intrinsic conditions that a gold complex requires to show luminescence, we show how the type and number of the ligands, the coordination environments around the metal centres, the temperature, the heterometal, the metal-metal distances, etc., increase the possibilities of electronic transitions and, hence, multiply the factors that affect the energy and number of emissions. We think that far from being a hindrance or a problem these findings actually give rise to a fascinating area of research with promising future applications, for instance, in imaging technology, vapour sensors, light emitting devices or even medicine, where the demand for optoelectronic devices is increasing every day.
Histopathology of age-related macular degeneration (2012)

INTRODUCTION Pathological changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) occur in the various structures in the posterior pole, such as the outer retina, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch’s membrane, and the choriocapillaris (1,2). Early lesions of AMD are located either between the RPE and its basement membrane [e.g., basal laminar deposits (BLamD)] or between the basement membrane of the RPE and the remainder of Bruch’s membrane [e.g., basal linear deposits (BLinD)] (2-5). Focal and diffuse deposition between the RPE and Bruch’s membrane is called drusen. Alterations of RPE such as hypopigmentation, depigmentation, or atrophy and attenuation of photoreceptor cells are also observed. This form of macular degeneration is known as dry AMD (non-neovascular AMD), whereas choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the main feature of wet AMD (neovascular AMD), which ultimately results in a disciform scar in end stage AMD.
New results for stochastic prediction and filtering with unknown correlations (2002)

This paper considers state estimation for dynamic systems in the case of non-white, mutually correlated noise processes. Here, the problem is complicated by the fact, that only the individual covariances are known; cross covariances between random variables obtained by taking individual noise processes at different time steps and between different noise processes are completely unknown. New estimator equations for solving this problem are derived in feedback form for both the prediction step and the filtering step based on existing ideas known as covariance intersection. Solutions are given for the most general case of updating an N-dimensional state vector estimate based on M-dimensional observations. Furthermore, computationally efficient solutions for obtaining minimum covariance estimates are derived to avoid numerical optimization otherwise required.
Nucleotide sequence, functional characterization and evolution of pFKN, a virulence plasmid in <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pathovar <i>maculicola</i> (2003)

Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola strain M6 (Psm M6) carries the avrRpm1 gene, encoding a type III effector, on a 40 kb plasmid, pFKN. We hypothesized that this plasmid might carry additional genes required for pathogenesis on plants. We report the sequence and features of pFKN. In addition to avrRpm1, pFKN carries an allele of another type III effector, termed avrPphE, and a gene of unknown function (ORF8), expression of which is induced in planta, suggesting a role in the plant-pathogen interaction. The region of pFKN carrying avrRpm1, avrPphE and ORF8 exhibits several features of pathogenicity islands (PAIs). Curing of pFKN (creating Psm M6C) caused a significant reduction in virulence on Arabidopsis leaves. However, complementation studies using Psm M6C demonstrated an obvious virulence function only for avrRpm1. pFKN can integrate and excise from the chromosome of Psm M6 at low frequency via homologous recombination between identical sequence segments located on the chromosome and on pFKN. These segments are part of two nearly identical transposons carrying avrPphE. The avrPphE transposon was also detected in other strains of P. s. pv. maculicola and in P. s. tomato strain DC3000. The avrPphE transposon was found inserted at different loci in different strains. The analysis of sequences surrounding the avrPphE transposon insertion site in the chromosome of Psm M6 indicates that pFKN integrates into a PAI that encodes type III effectors. The integration of pFKN into this chromosomal region may therefore be seen as an evolutionary process determining the formation of a new PAI in the chromosome of Psm M6.
Adiabatic and Non-Adiabatic Non-Equilibrium Stochastic Dynamics of Single Regulating Genes (2010)

We explore the stochastic dynamics of self-regulative genes from fluctuations of molecular numbers and of on and off switching of gene states due to regulatory protein binding/unbinding to the genes. We found when the binding/unbinding is relatively fast (slow) compared with the synthesis/degradation of proteins in adiabatic (nonadiabatic) case the self-regulators can exhibit one or two peak (two peak) distributions in protein concentrations. This phenomena can also be quantified through Fano factors. This shows that even with the same architecture (topology of wiring) networks can have quite different functions (phenotypes), consistent with recent single molecule single gene experiments. We further found the inhibition and activation curves to be consistent with previous results (monomer binding) in adiabatic regime, but, in nonadiabatic regimes, show significantly different behaviors with previous predictions (monomer binding). Such difference is due to the slow (nonadiabatic) dimer binding/unbinding effect, and it has never been reported before. We derived the nonequilibrium phase diagrams of monostability and bistability in adiabatic and nonadiabatic regimes. We studied the dynamical trajectories of the self-regulating genes on the underlying landscapes from nonadiabatic to adiabatic limit, and we provide a global picture of understanding and show an analogy to the electron transfer problem. We studied the stability and robustness of the systems through mean first passage time (MFPT) from one peak (basin of attraction) to another and found both monotonic and nonmonotonic turnover behavior from adiabatic to nonadiabatic regimes. For the first time, we explore global dissipation by entropy production and the relation with binding/unbinding processes. Our theoretical predictions for steady state peaks, fano factos, inhibition/activation curves, and MFPT can be probed and tested from experiments.
Ion-surface interactions in plasma etching (1977)

The surface chemistry and the etching behavior of silicon and oxidized silicon bombarded with a CF3+ ion beam (50–4000 eV) have been studied using Auger electron spectroscopy, and a quartz-crystal microbalance. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (a) the etch rate of Si caused by CF3+ ion bombardment can be accounted for by physical sputtering; (b) the deposition and removal of carbon at the etched surface may be one of the most important phenomena affecting the operation of plasma-etching systems; and (c) there is reason to believe that ion bombardment of the etched surface enhances the reaction rate of the neutral etching species which are most probably fluorine atoms and CF3 radicals.
Infertility and Embryonic Mortality in Female Rabbits Immunized with Different Sperm Preparations (1976)

Female rabbits were immunized by multiple intradermal injections with washed ejaculated, epididymal or β-amylase treated rabbit sperm in Freund’s complete adjuvant emulsion. All treatments suppressed fertility, with only 2.3 percent of 364 eggs recovered from 17 immunized rabbits fertilized following intravaginal insemination, while the control fertilization rate was 95.7 percent. Reinsemination of females when immunity was declining showed that normal fertility was attained by about 25 weeks postimmunization. Intramuscular booster injections given to 5 does 61 weeks after initial immunization resulted in 47 percent of 19 eggs recovered being fertilized, compared to 96 percent fertilization in 26 eggs from 5 control animals.
Fatty acids in substitute formulas for cow's milk allergy (1999)

There are recommendations for infant formulas to meet nutritional requirements of fat intake, and the analyzed formulas are in most cases within the suggested ranges. However, little is known of requirements in allergic or inflammatory conditions, and whether these described fatty acid compositions are pro- or anti-inflammatory.
Occurrence of beta-glutamate, a novel osmolyte, in marine methanogenic bacteria (1990)

The unusual compound beta-aminoglutaric acid (beta-glutamate) has been identified by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in soluble extracts of marine methanogenic bacteria. We examined several methanogen species representing nine genera and found that beta-glutamate occurred in methanococci and two methanogenium strains (Methanogenium cariaci JR1 and "Methanogenium anulus" AN9). The presence of this compound in the methanococci examined was further restricted to thermophilic members of the genus Methanococcus, including Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus strains, Methanococcus jannaschii, and "Methanococcus igneus." The two Methanogenium strains examined were mesophiles. Studies using Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus showed that levels of beta-glutamate in cells of that species were not affected by variation in growth temperature (40 to 65 degrees C), NH4+ (2 to 80 mM), Mg2+ (10 to 50 mM), or K+ (2 to 10 mM) in the medium. In contrast, soluble pools of beta-glutamate and L-alpha-glutamate (the other major free amino acid in all the methanococci) were proportional to NaCl levels in the growth medium. This dependence of beta-glutamate and L-alpha-glutamate concentrations on salt levels in the medium suggests that they function as osmolytes in these cells.
Radar / ADS-B data fusion architecture for experimentation purpose (2006)

This paper describes data fusion architecture for air traffic control applications based on radar plots and ADS-B reports. ADS-B reports help to enhance accuracy of system tracks and radar plots provide track continuity over mixed ADS-B and radar coverage area. The chosen architecture makes use of all available measurements (radar data being synchronized according to revolution time period, while ADS data are taken into account in an asynchronous way) to produce an unique track for each aircraft, making global optimal data association and correcting sensor biases. The proposed architecture has been designed for experimentation purpose: it aims to prepare a mature model based on operational feedback. Simulations are conducted on live recording and highlight the benefits of the architecture over wide area
A quantum electrodynamics framework for the nonlinear optics of twisted beams (2002)

A theory is presented for the detailed formulation of the nonlinear optics of laser beams endowed with orbital angular momentum. Following an introductory excursion into the general principles of such twisted beams, a quantum electrodynamical formulation is developed for representing the photonics of their interaction with matter. Detailed results are given for Laguerreï¿½Gaussian beams in the large-Rayleigh-range limit. Utilization of the theory in nonlinear optics is illustrated by application to second-harmonic generation.
A novel, abundant sodium channel expressed in neurons and glia (1995)

A novel, voltage-gated sodium channel cDNA, designated NaCh6, has been isolated from the rat central and peripheral nervous systems. RNase protection assays showed that NaCh6 is highly expressed in the brain, and NaCh6 mRNA is as abundant or more abundant than the mRNAs for previously identified rat brain sodium channels. In situ hybridization demonstrated that a wide variety of neurons express NaCh6, including motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord, cerebellar granule cells, and pyramidal and granule cells of the hippocampus. RT-PCR and/or in situ hybridization showed that astrocytes and Schwann cells express NaCh6. Thus, this sodium channel is broadly distributed throughout the nervous system and is shown to be expressed in both neurons and glial cells.