gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss reduction in a coplanar waveguide on a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform by quenching (1996)

The hybrid integration of semiconductor optoelectronic devices on a silica-based optical circuit is one of the key technologies by which to realize opto-electronic components for high-speed wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). However, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) on a silicon-terraced silica (STS)-type planar lightwave circuit (PLC)-platform has a large propagation loss compared with one on a conventional ceramic substrate. We discuss the reduction of the propagation loss of a CPW on a PLC-platform. First we prove that this CPW loss originates from an increase of the loss tangent (tan /spl delta/) induced by the thermal donors (TD's) which connect with oxygen in the silicon substrate during the silica deposition process. Second we introduce quenching to eliminate the TD's, and drastically reduce the loss of a CPW on a 30 /spl mu/m-thick silica from 2.7 to 0.6 dB/cm at 10 GHz. This loss value is almost the same as that of a CPW on a ceramic substrate. Moreover we fabricated a LD module using a 50 mm-long improved CPW on a PLC-platform. The small signal frequency response characteristics of this module reveal that the improved CPW can be applied as a cm-order electrical circuit in a 10 Gb/s module. This exhibits that an established electronic circuit technology including a multi-chip module (MCM) for a microwave application can be developed on a PLC-platform.
Effect of aspirin on determinations of glycosylated hemoglobin. (1983)

We investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of aspirin on several clinical assays of glycosylated hemoglobin. Acetylation of hemoglobin falsely increased the glycosylated hemoglobin fraction measured by "high-performance" liquid chromatography and electrophoresis, but isoelectric focusing and colorimetric techniques differentiated between acetylated and glycosylated fractions. Aspirin ingestion may result in an apparent increase in glycosylated hemoglobin measured with common clinical assays.
Seroprevalence of Reovirus infection in poultry in Uttaranchal (2002)

To study the epidemiology of the stunting syndrome in chicken, a survey in the poultry farms of different areas of Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital districts was made. The serum samples were collected and processed for the presence of reovirus antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among these 5.25% of total collected sera were found to be positive for reovirus infection. Seroprevalence of reovirus infection was 67.8% among stunted birds. There was no effect of season as it remained prevalent throughout the year. It has been observed that grower birds of 1–2 weeks were more susceptible for reovirus infection.
&#947;-Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Disappointments and Hopes (2011)

According to the β-amyloid (Aβ) hypothesis, compounds that inhibit or modulate γ secretase, the pivotal enzyme that generates Aβ, are potential therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies in both transgenic and non-transgenic animal models of AD have indicated that γ-secretase inhibitors, administered by the oral route, are able to lower brain Aβ concentrations. However, scanty data are available on the effects of these compounds on brain Aβ deposition after chronic administration. Behavioral studies are also scarce with only one study indicating positive cognitive effects of a peptidomimetic compound acutely administered (DAPT). γ-Secretase inhibitors may cause abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, spleen and skin in experimental animals and in man. These toxic effects are likely due to inhibition of Notch cleavage, a transmembrane receptor involved in regulating cell-fate decisions. Some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other small organic molecules have been found to modulate γ secretase shifting its cleavage activity from longer to shorter β-amyloid species without affecting Notch cleavage. Long-term histopathological and behavioral animal studies are available with these NSAIDs (mainly ibuprofen) but it is unclear if the observed in vivo effects on Aβ brain pathology and learning depend on their activity on γ-secretase or on other biological targets. The most studied γ-secretase inhibitor, semagacestat (LY-450139), was shown to dose-dependently decrease the generation of Aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy humans. Unfortunately, two large Phase 3 clinical trials of semagacestat in mild-to-moderate AD patients were prematurely interrupted because of the observation of detrimental effects on cognition and functionality in patients receiving the drug compared to those receiving placebo. These detrimental effects were mainly ascribed to the inhibition of Notch processing and to the accumulation of the neurotoxic precursor of Aβ (the carboxy-terminal fragment of APP, or CTFβ) resulting from the block of the γ-secretase cleavage activity on APP. Two large Phase 3 studies in mild AD patients with tarenflurbil (R flurbiprofen), a putative γ-secretase modulator, were also completely negative. The failure of tarenflurbil was ascribed to low potency and brain penetration. New Notch-sparing γ-secretase inhibitors and more potent, more brain penetrant γ-secretase modulators are being developed with the hope of overcoming the previous setbacks.
Simulation technology in pre-service teacher education: 'Pleasurable learning' to inspire 'passionate teaching' (2005)

Reviews of beginning teacher programs over the past eighty years within an Australian context continually identify a number of key skills that are not well developed by traditional pre-service teacher preparation programs. In more recent times the teaching of literacy has been targeted as needing specific attention, especially at the pre-service level. Advances in educational software have demonstrated that it is feasible to create a representation of a real situation through simulation. The authors believe that creating a virtual classroom environment for pre-service teachers to interact with is one way to support them with understanding the theory of literacy learning and the delivery of meaningful literacy classrooms. This paper explores research findings related to the use of web-based simulation technology designed to support pre-service teacher education students' understandings of the teaching of literacy. The prototype version of the software is described with description of the planning, design and research that underpin this. The findings from a case study of one pre- service teacher's interaction with the software are outlined.
Bit-wise read-compare-write scheme for low power read-modify-write DRAM operation (2002)

To save power consumption in read-modify-write (RMW) DRAM operation, a bit-wise read-compare-write (RCW) scheme is presented. Its power consumption depends on the number of bits that have to be updated by the bit-wise compare result between the read data and the modified data. If a random bit-wise update ratio is assumed, a 11.6% power saving is achieved when the proposed scheme is applied to the previous design.
Competitive On-Line Algorithms for Distributed Data Management (1998)

Competitive on-line algorithms for data management in a network of processors are studied in this paper. A data object such as a file or a page of virtual memory is to be read and updated by various processors in the network. The goal is to minimize the communication costs incurred in serving a sequence of such requests. Distributed data management on important classes of networks---trees and bus-based networks---are studied. Optimal algorithms with constant competitive ratios and matching lower bounds are obtained. Our algorithms use different interesting techniques, such as work functions [Chrobak and Larmore, Proc. DIMACS Workshop on On-Line Algorithms, AMS, 1991, pp. 11--64] and "factoring."
The relative importance of thrombin inhibition and factor Xa inhibition to the antithrombotic effects of heparin (1985)

The relative importance of antithrombin and anti-factor Xa activities of heparin fractions required to achieve optimal antithrombotic effects is unknown. To study this, we measured the effects of standard heparin, an octasaccharide heparin fraction (anti-factor Xa activity only), and dermatan sulfate (antithrombin activity only) on the prevention of thrombosis and related this to their anticoagulant effects in vivo in rabbits. Thrombosis was measured as the incorporation of 125I- fibrinogen into tissue thromboplastin-induced thrombi using a Wessler- type model. Ex vivo changes in thrombin clotting time (TCT) were used as an index of antithrombin activity, and a chromogenic anti-factor Xa assay was used to measure anti-factor Xa activity. In addition, the ability of the three sulfated polysaccharides to simultaneously inhibit the generation of thrombin activity and to enhance the inactivation of the factor Xa added to initiate thrombin generation in plasma was determined. Standard heparin, in a dose of 10 anti-factor Xa U/kg, inhibited thrombus formation by 90%, prolonged the TCT by two seconds, and resulted in an anti-factor Xa level of 0.32 U/mL. The octasaccharide heparin fraction, in a dose of 10 anti-factor Xa U/kg, inhibited thrombus formation by 41%, had no effect on the TCT, and resulted in an anti-factor Xa level of 0.28 U/mL. Higher doses of the octasaccharide resulted in a further increase in the anti-factor Xa levels but had no further effect on thrombus formation. Dermatan sulfate, in a dose of 500 micrograms/kg, inhibited thrombus formation by 95%, but had no affect on the TCT. These results indicate that the antithrombotic effect achieved by inhibiting factor Xa is limited and that better antithrombotic effects are achieved by heparin or heparin- like substances capable of influencing the inactivation and/or the generation of thrombin.
Opportunities for Machine Learning in Electronic Design Automation (2018)

The rise of machine learning (ML) has introduced many opportunities for computer-aided-design, VLSI design, and their intersection. Related to computer-aided design, we review several classical CAD algorithms which can benefit from ML, outline the key challenges, and discuss promising approaches. In particular, because some of the existing ML accelerators have used asynchronous design, we review the state-of-the-art in asynchronous CAD support, and identify opportunities for ML within these flows.
Experimental study of electromagnetic emission signals generated by crack generation in composite materials (2008)

The formation of a crack is accompanied by the generation of an electromagnetic field. A differential equation was derived and solved to describe the transformation of the field parameters into an electric signal, provided capacitive sensors are used. In the next stage, an analysis of spurious external electromagnetic and acoustic fields was carried out, and measures to suppress their effects were designed. The issue of amplifying extremely low electromagnetic signals generated during the crack formation was dealt with, too. The mentioned analyses resulted in the design of a method to detect and evaluate electromagnetic emission (EME) signals and acoustic emission (AE) signals, which accompany mechanical stressing of materials and structures. Based on the results of such analyses, an automated double-channel measuring apparatus was used for signal data acquisition, saving and processing. The operation of the apparatus was successfully tested by processing a large set of measurement results obtained from a composite material called 'extren'. Our experimental results confirmed the correctness of both the EME and AE measurement methods, and measuring apparatus design. Our measurement results make it possible to track the behaviour of cracks, localize them and evaluate some of their basic parameters.
Cyclodextrin–Drug Inclusion Complexes: In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches (2019)

This review aims to provide a critical review of the biological performance of natural and synthetic substances complexed with cyclodextrins, highlighting: (i) inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins and their biological studies in vitro and in vivo; (ii) Evaluation and comparison of the bioactive efficacy of complexed and non-complexed substances; (iii) Chemical and biological performance tests of inclusion complexes, aimed at the development of new pharmaceutical products. Based on the evidence presented in the review, it is clear that cyclodextrins play a vital role in the development of inclusion complexes which promote improvements in the chemical and biological properties of the complexed active principles, as well as providing improved solubility and aqueous stability. Although the literature shows the importance of their ability to help produce innovative biotechnological substances, we still need more studies to develop and expand their therapeutic properties. It is, therefore, very important to gather together evidence of the effectiveness of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins in order to facilitate a better understanding of research on this topic and encourage further studies.
Nonseparation Binding/Immunoassays Using Polycation-Sensitive Membrane Electrode Detection (2001)

Two novel homogeneous potentiometric immunoassay formats suitable for the detection of small molecules are described based on polycation-sensitive membrane electrode detection. One approach involves the use of synthetic polycationic-analyte conjugates (polycation labeled analyte) and a limited amount of binding protein sites (antibodies, etc.) to modulate the electrochemical response toward the conjugate. Upon conjugate binding to large binding proteins/antibodies in solution, the polycation label cannot be efficiently extracted into the transduction membrane of the polycation-sensitive device, greatly diminishing the observed EMF response. In the presence of analyte molecules, competitive binding frees up more of the conjugate, and an increase in EMF response is observed in proportion to the concentration of analyte present. With a 15 min reaction incubation period and 3 min electrochemical response time, the assay is demonstrated to function effectively for measurement of theophylline (model analyte) at sub-micromolar levels without any discrete washing or separation steps. The second approach is based on the use of trypsin as an enzymatic label in a homogeneous enzyme binding/immunoassay scheme. Trypsin-biotin conjugates (biotin used as model analyte) are shown to be inhibited nearly 100 % by avidin, but catalytic activity is regained as free biotin is present at increasing levels in the sample solution. The activity of trypsin can be conveniently monitored via polycation-sensitive membrane electrode detection by following the decrease in the EMF response to the polycationic protein protamine, as it is cleaved into smaller fragments by the enzyme. This new electrochemical homogeneous enzyme binding/immunoassay method is shown to respond to the analyte at ≥10 nM levels, again without need for washing or separation steps.
Detection of <i>Legionella</i> Species in Respiratory Specimens Using PCR with Sequencing Confirmation (2000)

Legionella spp. are a common cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and an occasional cause of nosocomial pneumonia. A PCR method for the detection of legionellae in respiratory samples was evaluated and was compared to culture. The procedure can be performed in 6 to 8 h with a commercially available DNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Valencia, Calif.) and by PCR with gel detection. PCR is performed with primers previously determined to amplify a 386-bp product within the 16S rRNA gene of Legionella pneumophila. We can specifically detect the clinically significant Legionella species including L. pneumophila, L. micdadei, L. longbeachae, L. bozemanii, L. feeleii, and L. dumoffii. The assay detects 10 fg (approximately two organisms) of legionella DNA in each PCR. Of 212 clinical specimens examined by culture, 100% of the culture-positive samples (31 of 31) were positive by this assay. By gel detection of amplification products, 12 of 181 culture-negative samples were positive for Legionella species by PCR, resulting in 93% specificity. Four of the 12 samples with discrepant results (culture negative, PCR positive) were confirmed to be positive for Legionella species by sequencing of the amplicons. The legionella-specific PCR assay that is described demonstrates high sensitivity and high specificity for routine detection of legionellae in respiratory samples.
Surfactant effects on protein structure examined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1994)

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has proven to be a useful tool for examining noncovalent complexes between proteins and a variety of ligands. It has also been used to distinguish between denatured and refolded forms of proteins. Surfactants are frequently employed to enhance solubilization or to modify the tertiary or quaternary structure of proteins, but are usually considered incompatible with mass spectrometry. A broad range of ionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic surfactants was examined to characterize their effects on ESI-MS and on protein structure under ESI-MS conditions. Solution conditions studied include 4% acetic acid/50% acetonitrile/46% H2O and 100% aqueous. Of the surfactants examined, the nonionic saccharides, such as n-dodecyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, at 0.1% to 0.01% (w/v) concentrations, performed best, with limited interference from chemical background and adduct formation. Under the experimental conditions used, ESI-MS performance in the presence of surfactants was found to be unrelated to critical micelle concentration. It is demonstrated that surfactants can affect both the tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins under conditions used for ESI-MS. However, several of the surfactants caused significant shifts in the charge-state distributions, which appeared to be independent of conformational effects. These observations suggest that surfactants, used in conjunction with ESI-MS, can be useful for protein structure studies, if care is used in the interpretation of the results.
NO catastrophes in vivo as a result of micellar catalysis (1998)

Micellar catalysis plays a crucial role in NO metabolism because media in vivo are heterogeneous and the concentration of NO in different phases at different levels of solubility differs by degrees of magnitude. The relative volumes of the hydrophobic phases are usually small. At small volumes (which are calculated) of these phases the reaction rates of NO metabolism change. The dependence on the relative volumes is resonance-like. Not only regulation, but bifurcations and catastrophes are possible in vivo as a result of this changing due to the small change of effectiveness of micellar catalysis.
High frequency self-compensation of current-feedback devices (2003)

The authors examine the performance of a current-feedback operational amplifier configured as a closed-loop voltage amplifier in two extremes of operation, unity gain and high gain, and suggest methods to extend the frequency response of each by self-compensating these circuits. Mechanisms for high-frequency self-compensation are evident within the transfer function of the device. The authors exploit this feature to achieve high-gain and high-bandwidth structures. The compensation at high gains is achieved by reducing the input impedance of the op-amp, thus reducing high-gain bandwidth roll-off. The frequency performance of an op-amp configured as a unity gain buffer is significantly improved by taking the output from the input side of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> for the symptoms of depression (2017)

This study found no evidence that the probiotic formulation is effective in treating low mood, or in moderating the levels of inflammatory and other biomarkers. The lack of observed effect on mood symptoms may be due to the severity, chronicity or treatment resistance of the sample; recruiting an antidepressant-naive sample experiencing mild, acute symptoms of low mood, may well yield a different result. Future studies taking a preventative approach or using probiotics as an adjuvant treatment may also be more effective. Vitamin D levels should be monitored in future studies in the area. The results of this trial are preliminary; future studies in the area should not be discouraged.
Design of asynchronous circuits by synchronous CAD tools (2002)

The roadblock to wide acceptance of asynchronous methodology is poor CAD support. Current asynchronous design tools require a significant re-education of designers, and their features are far behind synchronous commercial tools. This paper considers a particular subclass of asynchronous circuits (Null Convention Logic or NCL) and suggests a design flow that is based entirely on commercial CAD tools. This new design flow shows a significant area improvement over known flows based on NCL.
1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) Analogues:  A Promising Class of Monoamine Uptake Inhibitors (2006)

Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are essential for neurotransmission in the mammalian system. These three neurotransmitters have been the focus of considerable research because the modulation of their production and their interaction at monoamine receptors has profound effects upon a multitude of pharmacological outcomes. Our interest has focused on neurotransmitter reuptake mechanisms in a search for medications for cocaine abuse. Herein we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of an array of 2-aminopentanophenones. This array has yielded selective inhibitors of the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters with little effect upon serotonin trafficking. A subset of compounds had no significant affinity at 5HT1A, 5HT1B, 5HT1C, D1, D2, or D3 receptors. The lead compound, racemic 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one 4a, was resolved into its enantiomers and the S isomer was found to be the most biologically active enantiomer. Among the most potent of these DAT/NET selective compounds are the 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- (4u) and the 1-naphthyl- (4t) 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one analogues.
Protein-protein docking on hardware accelerators: comparison of GPU and MIC architectures (2015)

The results suggest that GPU is more suitable than MIC for accelerating FFT-based protein-protein docking applications.
A 1.3-2.8 GHz Wide Range CMOS LC-VCO Using Variable Inductor (2005)

This paper proposes a novel wide-range tunable CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). VCO uses an on-chip variable inductor and switched capacitors as variable elements. The VCO was fabricated using a standard 0.18μm CMOS process with five metal layers. The oscillation frequency can be tuned from 1.28 GHz to 2.75GHz with tuning range of 72%. The proposed VCO operates with low phase noise, and it achieves high FOMT -205.9 dBc/Hz.
Local poling of ferroelectric polymers by scanning force microscopy (1992)

We have demonstrated a new technique to polarize locally micron-sized areas of a ferroelectric vinylidene-fluoride trifluoroethylene (VDF-TrFE) copolymer film by locally applying a dc voltage between the tip of a scanning force microscope and the bottom electrode underneath the polymer film. To detect these polarized regions we have stimulated the film piezoelectrically by applying an ac electric field between tip and bottom electrode, and measuring locally amplitude and phase of the surface vibration. The size of the smallest region we could polarize so far was about 1 μm.