gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Secondary Transition Predictors for Improving Postschool Outcomes for Students With Disabilities (2009)

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the secondary transition correlational literature to identify in-school predictors of improved postschool outcomes in the areas of education, employment, and/or independent living for students with disabilities. Based on results of this review, 16 evidence-based, in-school predictors of postschool outcomes were identified. Of the 16 predictors, 4 (25%) predicted improved outcomes in all three postschool outcome areas, 7 (43.8%) predicted improved outcomes for only postschool education and employment, and 5 (31.3%) predicted improved outcomes for employment only. Limitations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Interaction of silanes with tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I) and other rhodium complexes; hydrosilation of hex-1-ene by use of trichlorosilane (1968)

The oxidative addition reactions of trichloro- and other silanes with tris(triphenylphosphine) chlororhodium and other rhodium(I) complexes are described. The adducts were characterised inter alia by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) and infrared (i.r.) studies. The complexes were studied as catalysts for the addition of trichlorosilane to hex-1-ene.
Web-assisted annotation, semantic indexing and search of television and radio news (2005)

The Rich News system, that can automatically annotate radio and television news with the aid of resources retrieved from the World Wide Web, is described. Automatic speech recognition gives a temporally precise but conceptually inaccurate annotation model. Information extraction from related web news sites gives the opposite: conceptual accuracy but no temporal data. Our approach combines the two for temporally accurate conceptual semantic annotation of broadcast news. First low quality transcripts of the broadcasts are produced using speech recognition, and these are then automatically divided into sections corresponding to individual news stories. A key phrases extraction component finds key phrases for each story and uses these to search for web pages reporting the same event. The text and meta-data of the web pages is then used to create index documents for the stories in the original broadcasts, which are semantically annotated using the KIM knowledge management platform. A web interface then allows conceptual search and browsing of news stories, and playing of the parts of the media files corresponding to each news story. The use of material from the World Wide Web allows much higher quality textual descriptions and semantic annotations to be produced than would have been possible using the ASR transcript directly. The semantic annotations can form a part of the Semantic Web, and an evaluation shows that the system operates with high precision, and with a moderate level of recall.
Dislocation reduction in gallium nitride films using scandium nitride interlayers (2007)

We describe a method of reducing threading dislocation densities in 0001-oriented GaN from (5.0±0.5)×109cm−2to(3.1±0.4)×107cm−2 (for coalesced films) or to below 5×106cm−2 (for partially coalesced films) in a single step, without lithography. Lattice-matched, dislocation-blocking scandium nitride interlayers are deposited on a 500nm GaN-on-sapphire template. Dislocation-free GaN islands grown on the ScN interlayer nucleate both on the interlayer and on tiny areas of the GaN template exposed through openings in the interlayer. However, some dislocations are generated above the interlayer during subsequent island coalescence.
MRI Brain Extraction with Combined Expectation Maximization and Geodesic Active Contours (2006)

This paper presents a new fully automated method for the extraction of brain cortex from Tl-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) head scans. Combined with the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, and a hybrid of pre- and post-processing techniques, incorporating mathematical morphology and connected component analysis, geodesic active contours are evolved in 3D space to segment the cortex. The robustness and accuracy of our proposed method are validated with both synthetic and real MRI data. Our method outperforms standard techniques including the brain extraction tool (BET) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) by lowering the misclassification rate, especially when analyzing real MRI data
Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV-negative people at risk of active TB (2013)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is caused by a bacterial infection that affects an estimated two billion people (about a third of the world's population). However, most people have dormant (latent) infections and only a small percentage of people infected with TB will develop an active disease. Preventing latent TB infection (LTBI) developing into active TB, through the use of drugs, is an important part of global TB control. Treatment with the drug isoniazid for six months is recommended, but the treatment period is long, it can cause liver damage, and only about half of the people who start this drug treatment complete it.
The authors of this review evaluated alternatives to isoniazid monotherapy in HIV-negative people with LTBI. They identified 10 randomized controlled trials that included 10,717 adults and children, who were mostly HIV-negative, with a follow-up period ranging from two to five years.
Rifampicin for three to four months may give quite similar results to isoniazid for six months in preventing TB, and may cause fewer side effects. As the treatment period with rifampicin is shorter, it may result in more people completing treatment. Two other drug combination treatments (rifampicin plus isoniazid, and rifampicin plus pyrazinamide) did not differ in preventing TB compared with isoniazid alone, but they resulted in more adverse events. A third combination of rifapentine plus isoniazid supervised weekly for three months was as effective in preventing TB as self-administered isoniazid for nine months, increased treatment completion, and caused less liver toxicity, though treatment-limiting adverse events were more frequent with the weekly rifapentine and isoniazid combination.
Exploring and Evaluating the Consequences of Vector-to-Raster and Raster-to-Vector Conversion (1997)

Spatial data can be represented in two formats, raster (grid cell) or vector (polygon). It is inevitable that conversion of the data between these two formats be essential to the best use of the data. Most geographic information systems (GIS) now provide software for such a conversion. The objective of this study was to explore and evaluate the consequences of data conversion on the accuracy of the resulting data layer. Simple shapes were chosen to document the results of the raster-to-vector and vector-to-raster conversion processes. These shapes included a square, a triangle (not aligned with the grid), a circle, a hole within the circle, and a non-convex shape. Error matrices were employed to represent the changes in area through the conversion process. A second set of data including a circle, a thin rectangle, and a wide rectangle were used to examine the effect of grid cell size on both presence/absence of a feature as well as to maintain the feature's shape. Finally, recommendations for continuing this work and its application to information derived from remotely sensed data were presented.
Role of p-phenylene groups in nematic liquid crystals (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of p-phenylene groups in nematic liquid crystalsMichael J. S. Dewar and Ronald S. GoldbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 6, 1582–1586Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00709a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (525 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cancer-induced decreases in human plasma proton NMR relaxation rates (1980)

Proton relaxation rates in plasma from cancer patients tend to be lower than those for healthy people, whilst illnesses other than cancer produce relaxation rates higher on the average than those for healthy people. These differences are not large enough for diagnostic purposes but might, perhaps, prove useful for monitoring the progress of cancer treatment. The experimental accuracy needed for this purpose is discussed, as are the causes of experimental error.
Spoofing countermeasures for the protection of automatic speaker recognition systems against attacks with artificial signals (2012)

The vulnerability of automatic speaker recognition systems to imposture or spoofing is widely acknowledged. This paper shows that extremely high false alarm rates can be provoked by simple spoofing attacks with artificial, non-speech-like signals and highlights the need for spoofing countermeasures. We show that two new, but trivial countermeasures based on higher-level, dynamic features and voice quality assessment offer varying degrees of protection and that further work is needed to develop more robust spoofing countermeasure mechanisms. Finally, we show that certain classifiers are inherently more robust to such attacks than others which strengthens the case for fused-system approaches to automatic speaker recognition.
Platelet Activation and Blood Coagulation (2002)

Platelet activation and blood coagulation are complementary, mutually dependent processes in haemostasis and thrombosis. Platelets interact with several coagulation factors, while the coagulation product thrombin is a potent platelet-activating agonist. Activated platelets come in a procoagulant state after a prolonged elevation in cytosolic [Ca2+]i. Such platelets, e.g. when adhering to collagen via glycoprotein VI, expose phosphatidylserine (PS) at their outer surface and produce (PS-exposing) membrane blebs and microvesicles. Inhibition of aminophospholipid translocase and activation of phospholipid scramblase mediate the exposure of PS, whereas calpain-mediated protein cleavage leads to membrane blebbing and vesiculation. Surface-exposed PS strongly propagates the coagulation process by facilitating the assembly and activation of tenase and prothrombinase complexes. Factor IXa and platelet-bound factor Va support these activities. In addition, platelets can support the initiation phase of coagulation by providing binding sites for prothrombin and factor XI. They thereby take over the initiating role of tissue factor and factor VIIa in coagulation activation.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Levoglucosenone‐Derived Ras Activation Inhibitors (2009)

A panel of new potential Ras ligands was generated by decorating a tricyclic levoglucosenone-derived scaffold with aromatic moieties. Some members of the panel show in vitro inhibitory activity toward the nucleotide exchange process on Ras and are toxic to some human cancer cell lines.
Lipid oxidation in the skin (2014)

Skin is the largest organ of the body and exerts several physiological functions such as a protective barrier against moisture loss and noxious agents including ultraviolet irradiation. Oxidation of skin may impair such functions and induce skin disorders including photoaging and skin cancer. Skin surface lipids, a mixture of sebaceous and epidermal lipids, have unique species and fatty acid profile. The major unsaturated lipids are squalene, sebaleic aicd, linoleic acid, and cholesterol. Singlet oxygen and ozone as well as free radicals and enzymes are important oxidants for skin lipids. Squalene is the major target for singlet oxygen, giving rise to twelve regio-isomeric squalene hydroperoxides. Ultraviolet radiation activates lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, inducing specific enzymatic oxidation of lipids. Free radical mediated lipid peroxidation gives multiple oxidation products. Lipid oxidation products produced by these mechanisms are observed in human skin and induce various skin diseases, but in contrast to plasma and other tissues, identification and quantitative measurement of lipid oxidation products in skin are scarce and should be the subjects of future studies.
Strain-specific variation in the protein and lipopolysaccharide composition of the group B meningococcal outer membrane (1976)

Variation in the protein and lipopolysaccharide composition of the meningococcal outer membrane may be due to either serotype differences or to changes in cultural conditions. There are 12 antigenically distinct serotypes of group B meningococci, and these are associated with distinct major outer membrane protein patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. In most strains the predominant outer membrane protein carries the serotype-specific determinant. Certain strains, when grown under similar conditions in different media showed an altered membrane composition. The type 2 strain, M986, grown in modified Frantz medium-A, had a reduced amount of the major 41,000-dalton protein while a 28,000-dalton protein predominated. The altered protein composition may be related to changes in cell metabolism as reflected by the pH of the medium after growth. Growth of the organism in Frantz medium-B caused a negligible drop in pH and the 41,000-dalton protein remained predominant. There was also variation associated with changes in the growth rate. Increasing the aeration caused a concomitant increase in growth rate and cell yield. We observed two quantitative changes in outer membrane proteins in four of seven strains examined: (i) where only a single major protein changed (three strains), and (ii) where an increase in one protein component was associated with a decrease in another protein (one strain). When the strains were grown in tryptic soy broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) with either high or low aeration, the total protein in the outer membrane remained constant. In contrast, with high aeration there was a significant increase in lipopolysaccharide. These studies suggest that the cell surface proteins may be altered by the organism to meet a variety of environmental conditions.
Jarosite Nanosheets Fabricated via Room-Temperature Synthesis as Cathode Materials for High-Rate Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures of earth-abundant jarosite and their analogues were fabricated for the first time by a facile template-assisted redox co-precipitation method at room temperature. When evaluated as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the as-prepared 2D materials deliver high capacities and good rate capability and cycling performance. As for jarosite KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 nanosheets (KNSs), the reversible capacities of 117, 114, and 75 mAh g–1 were achieved at 0.2, 1, and 10 C, respectively, 4–13 times higher than those of bulk sample. Capacity retentions of above 90% are both obtained after 50 cycles at 2 and 10 C. Such findings show that 2D jarosite nanostructures would be promising cathode materials for next-generation LIBs.
Effect of rubber hardness on the properties of fiber reinforced plastic composites made by the newly proposed rubber pressure molding technique (2007)

Abstract The effect of rubber hardness on the properties of fiber‐reinforced plastic (FRP) composites is investigated in order to know the optimum composition of rubber mold used in rubber pressure molding (RPM) technique. A matching die set was used in RPM method, where the die was made of hard metal like steel and the punch from the flexible rubber like material, natural rubber. The use of flexible rubber punch generates and applies hydrostatic pressure on the surface of FRP composites. The hardness of rubber mold was controlled by incorporating carbon black as a filler material in the matrix of natural rubber and varied from 0 to 75 phr (per hundred rubber) in steps of 15 phr. Burn test, tension test, interlaminar shear test and interlaminar fracture toughness tests were conducted on the FRP composites to measure the void content, presence of delamination, tensile strength, inter laminar shear strength and inter laminar fracture toughness. The results are compared with the FRP composites made by conventional technique to evaluate the performance of RPM technique. It is observed that the laminates produced by RPM technique with different filler content in natural rubber mold show significant improvement in mechanical properties except interlaminar shear strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:618–630, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polycrystalline Macro‐Domains Formed by Self‐Organization of Ferroelectric Grains (2005)

Nanometer-sized grains may self-organize into macro-domains in a polycrystal undergoing a structural phase transition. Formation of such macro-domains is a very efficient strain-relieving mechanism, as demonstrated here. The Figure shows a tethered self-supported BaTiO3 film viewed with cross-polarized light, illustrating a large in-plane anisotropy due to the self-organization of ferroelectric grains in curved regions. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c2083_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesizing reconfigurable foot traces using a Klann mechanism (2015)

SUMMARY Legged locomotion systems have been effective in numerous robotic missions, and such locomotion is especially useful for providing better mobility over irregular landscapes. However, locomotion capabilities of robots are often constrained by a limited range of gaits and the associated energy efficiency. This paper presents the design of a novel reconfigurable Klann mechanism capable of producing a variety of useful gait cycles. Such an approach opens up new research avenues, opportunities and applications. The position analysis problem that arises when dealing with reconfigurable Klann mechanisms was solved here using a bilateration method, which is a distance-based formulation. By changing the linkage configurations, our aim was to generate a set of useful gaits for a legged robotic platform. In this study, five gait patterns of interest were identified, analysed and discussed that validate the feasibility of our approach and considerably extend the capabilities of the original design.
Gender differences and bias in open source: pull request acceptance of women versus men (2017)

Biases against women in the workplace have been documented in a variety of studies. This paper presents a large scale study on gender bias, where we compare acceptance rates of contributions from men versus women in an open source software community. Surprisingly, our results show that women’s contributions tend to be accepted more often than men’s. However, for contributors who are outsiders to a project and their gender is identifiable, men’s acceptance rates are higher. Our results suggest that although women on GitHub may be more competent overall, bias against them exists nonetheless.
Activation of TLR2 by fibrillar albumin (135.34) (2009)

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors and play important roles in initiating innate and adaptive immunity. Among TLRs, TLR2 has the widest range of known agonists which have been applied as vaccines and cancer adjuvant. We have recently found a process that converted globular bovine serum albumin (G-BSA) into fibrillar BSA (F-BSA). Here, we studied the immunological effects of F-BSA and found that F-BSA, but not G-BSA, activated NF£eB in exogenous TLR2 expressing HEK293T cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation results revealed that F-BSA bound to TLR-2 directly. F-BSA induced macrophages of normal mice but not macrophages of TLR2-/- mice to produce cytokines. The TLR2 activating ability of F-BSA was blocked by TLR2 antibody and was not due to contamination of TLR2 agonist £]-glucan and peptidoglycan from microbes. The activation of TLR2 by F-BSA was associated with TLR1 and CD14 as indicated by using co-transfection of expressing plasmids and antibody blocking. These results suggest that F-BSA is a new agonist of TLR2 and might be used as vaccine adjuvant. This study was supported by the grant NSC 96-2313-B-001-005-MY3 from the National Science Council of Taiwan
Fine grained classification of named entities (2002)

While Named Entity extraction is useful in many natural language applications, the coarse categories that most NE extractors work with prove insufficient for complex applications such as Question Answering and Ontology generation. We examine one coarse category of named entities, persons, and describe a method for automatically classifying person instances into eight finer-grained subcategories. We present a supervised learning method that considers the local context surrounding the entity as well as more global semantic information derived from topic signatures and WordNet. We reinforce this method with an algorithm that takes advantage of the presence of entities in multiple contexts.
Nonexpression of the Human Serum Amyloid A Three (SAA3) Gene (1991)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute-phase plasma protein synthesized by the liver. In addition to the two major plasma isoforms described in humans (SAA1 and SAA2), a third form (SAA3) has been demonstrated in several other species and is distinguished by predominant extrahepatic expression. Two clones, Ch11g5-1-1 and HDg1-1, containing the human SAA3 gene are described in this report. The human SAA3 gene is comparable in organization to the SAA1 and SAA2 genes and shares with them 87% nucleotide identity in the region spanning exon 3 through exon 4. Sequences 5' to exon 3, however, are strikingly different from those in the SAA1 and SAA2 genes. For instance, the sequence deduced for amino acids 1-12 (exon 2) has only 25% identity with human SAA1 and SAA2; it most closely resembles that of rabbit SAA3 isolated from synovial fibroblast cultures (75% identity). Although rabbit SAA3 induces collagenase production in an autocrine fashion the human SAA3 gene is not expressed. This is shown by: (i) a single base insertion in the sequence corresponding to codon 31, (ii) the inability of a 918-bp fragment immediately upstream from SAA3 exon sequences to direct transcription of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, and (iii) the absence of detectable human SAA3 in mRNA.