gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 Gene Deletion Polymorphism: Sex-Specific Association with Urinary 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol Glucuronidation Phenotype and Risk for Lung Cancer (2007)

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone is a potent and abundant procarcinogen found in tobacco smoke, and glucuronidation of its major metabolite, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) including UGT2B17 is an important mechanism for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone detoxification. Both copies of the UGT2B17 gene are deleted in approximately 10% of Whites and the deletion is associated with a reduction in NNAL glucuronidation activity in vitro. In this study, we examined the effects of the UGT2B17 deletion (0/0) on NNAL glucuronidation rates in a sample of 82 healthy cigarette smokers and further examined its effects on lung cancer risk in a separate case-control study. In the healthy smokers study, a lower urinary ratio of NNAL-glucuronide to NNAL was observed in women with the UGT2B17 deletion (0/0) as compared with women with either the wild-type or heterozygous genotypes (P = 0.058). There were no significant differences in this ratio by genotype in men (P = 0.597). In the case-control study of 398 lung cancer patients and 697 community controls, the UGT2B17 deletion (0/0) was associated with a significant increase in risk of lung cancer in women (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.0). The risk for the subset of women with lung adenocarcinoma was 2.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.3). The deletion was not associated with other lung histologic types in women and was not associated with the risk for any lung histologic types in men. The association of the UGT2B17 deletion with increased lung adenocarcinoma in women is consistent with its association with decreased NNAL glucuronidation rates in women and with studies showing that NNAL is a selective inducer of lung adenocarcinoma in experimental animals.
Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4e DSME MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks (2012)

In this paper, we evaluate performance of time synchronized multi-channel MAC protocol called DSME for wireless sensor networks. DSME MAC enhances IEEE 802.15.4 MAC specification, which provides backward compatibility and adds new features such as multichannel extension to the current single channel based superframe structure; enhancing peer-to-peer communications. Our numerical results show that throughput of DSME MAC protocol is 12 times higher against IEEE802.15.4-2006 slotted CSMA/CA in a multi-hop network with a 5×5 square grid device deployment. Energy consumption of DSME MAC protocol remains constant as the number of endpoint devices increases, while that of slotted CSMA/CA increases exponentially in star device deployment, thus, life span of a device can be increased substantially by employing DSME MAC protocol for the applications with large number of endpoint devices such as smart metering and infrastructure monitoring.
Diffusion of Boron from Implanted Sources under Oxidizing Conditions (1974)

Diffusion of boron from sources implanted at 80 keV was investigated experimentally and mathematically over the range 1000°–1200°C for boron doses of , and . Diffusion was in steam ambient and oxide thickness grown ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 μm. The boron diffusion coefficient was determined over the range of temperatures investigated. The segregation coefficient of boron in the Si‐SiO2 system was found to range from 1.8 at 1200°C to 10 at 1000°C. "Normal" diffusion was observed in all cases except that of diffusion at 1000°C for short times.
Regeneration with Rich Bypass of Aqueous Piperazine and Monoethanolamine for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2014)

Amine scrubbing is the most mature CO2 capture technology for fossil fuel power plants, but the energy use for CO2 regeneration and compression will be 20 to 25% of the power plant output. The objective of this work is to develop alternative stripper configurations that reduce the energy use of CO2 capture. The advanced stripper configurations were modeled and optimized using Aspen Plus. Total equivalent work was used as an indicator of overall energy performance accounting for reboiler duty, compression work, and pump work. The rich exchanger bypass recovers stripping steam heat by using an exchanger. To get better energy performance, this strategy was applied to advanced configurations including a reboiler-based stripper, an interheated stripper, and a flash stripper. Both 9 m monoethanolamine (MEA) and 8 m piperazine (PZ) were investigated. The best energy performance was obtained from the stripper with a warm rich bypass and a rich exchanger bypass, which provides 10% less equivalent work for PZ and 6% less for MEA compared to the simple stripper. A flash stripper with a warm rich bypass and rich exchanger bypass uses 9% less energy with PZ and 5% less with MEA. With the warm rich bypass and rich exchanger bypass, MEA can provide 8% less equivalent work at 135 °C with acceptable thermal degradation.
A 60kb/s-to-10Mb/s 0.37nJ/b Adaptive-Frequency-Hopping Transceiver for Body-Area Network (2008)

In this paper, a body-channel transceiver (BCT) that cancels over -20 dBm in-band interferences is designed, fabricated and tested. It also meets the QoS requirements for multimedia and health care WBAN applications.
Improved VHDL Input for High-Level Synthesis Tool xTractor (2006)

In this paper, an improved version of VHDL compiler for an academic high-level synthesis tool xTractor is presented. A synthesizable subset of behavioral VHDL, accepted by the compiler, is described in brief. Improvements that allow descriptions at higher abstraction level are outlined. The compiler translates the behavioral VHDL subset into control oriented flow-chart like internul description IRSYD. The mapping of higher abstraction level VHDL constructs into IRSYD is described in more details. A short description of the synthesis tool is presented
<title>Optical security features by using information carrier digital screening</title> (2002)

Jura is an Austrian-Hungarian company providing security printers with proprietary security printing design software, complete security printing pre=press systems (HW + SW), ultrahigh resolution image setters developed for security printing market, security features, developed by Jura for security printing in general, proprietary security features, destined for document personalization systems. In addition to supply such products Jura is providing its customers with full technical support, as integration, installation, training, hot-line remote and/or on-site support, service and maintenance worldwide. Research and development have always been in the focus of Jura's activity. Development and testing of new software, new security features are the most important parts of the work. Jura was the first on the world to release her Engraver Software enabling artist-engravers to create engraving-styled portraits digitally. This development, incompatibility with Jura's security design software package, enabled a full digital workflow for banknote origination. Jura made a lot of remarkable steps to develop security features also for Document Personalization. This development links the personal data with the photography of the document' holder by encoding personal data to the photography, invisibly for naked human eye, however, decodable by an appropriate decoding device. This feature exists also in machine-readable digital version. Experts of Jura started the research and development on digital screening 15 years ago for commercial printing and 10 years ago on special screens for security printing technologies. In very early stage of this development, when knowledge of creating each screen-dot individually in shape, form and position was acquired, the idea was born to use the screen dots as secondary data holder for encoded messages.
Restoring the gut microbiome for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (2014)

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered to be a highly successful therapy for recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) based on recent clinical trials. The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is thought to be due in part to perturbations in the gut microflora that disrupt homeostasis. FMT restores essential components of the microflora which could reverse the inflammatory processes observed in IBD. Case reports and series for the treatment of IBD by FMT have shown promise with regards to treatment success and safety despite the limitations of the reporting. Future studies will determine the optimal delivery and preparation of stool as well as the conditions under which the recipient will derive maximal benefit. The long term consequences of FMT with regards to infection, cancer, auto-immune, and metabolic diseases are not known and will require continued regulation and study. Despite these limitations, FMT may be beneficial for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, particularly those with concurrent CDI or with pouchitis.
Online 3D vision, motion planning and bipedal locomotion control coupling system of humanoid robot: H7 (2003)

This paper describes the design of an integrated system for humanoid robotics that consists of three key components, 3D vision, motion planning and bipedal control. Layered system design is adopted to achieve concurrency as well as small latency. Implementation using our humanoid type robot H7 and experiments with this architecture are described. The H7 is expected to be a common test-bed in experiments and discussion for various aspects of intelligent humanoid robotics.
Cell sheet detachment affects the extracellular matrix: A surface science study comparing thermal liftoff, enzymatic, and mechanical methods (2005)

This work compares the removal of bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) monolayers via 1) low-temperature liftoff from a "smart polymer," plasma polymerized poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (ppNIPAM), 2) enzymatic digestion, and 3) mechanical dissociation from ppNIPAM surfaces. We examine the surfaces after cell removal by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), immunostaining, and cell adhesion assay. Immunoassay results indicate that low-temperature liftoff nondestructively harvests the cell sheet and most of the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM), whereas enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation are damaging to both the cells and ECM. XPS results indicate that amide and alcohol groups attributed to proteins in the ECM are present on postliftoff surfaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) of ToF-SIMS data indicates that molecular ion fragments of amino acids are present on postliftoff surfaces. Finally, a cell adhesion assay seeding new cells on surfaces from which an initial layer of cells was removed via each of the three methods indicates that liftoff and mechanical dissociation leave behind surfaces that better promote cell adhesion. We conclude that the removal of BAEC cells via low-temperature liftoff from ppNIPAM-treated surfaces is less damaging to the ECM proteins remaining at the surface than the other methods.
Determination of Passenger Car Tire Performance Levels — Treadwear (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Treadwear is the most important aspect of tire performance to the consumer. Despite this, little is known about the fundamental mechanism of wear and no suitable laboratory methods are available for evaluation. Testing of treadwear must be done on the road and, as a result, is subject to a wide variety of ambient, vehicle, road, traffic, and driver differences.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Typical mileages obtained in various parts of the country are reported here and current techniques used by tire companies to measure treadwear are summarized. Various possibilities of improving wear and the effect these would have on other properties are also discussed.</div>
High‐Performance Broadband Photodetector Using Solution‐Processible PbSe–TiO<sub>2</sub>–Graphene Hybrids (2012)

Highly sensitive, multicomponent broadband photodetector devices are made from PbSe/graphene/TiO(2). TiO(2) and PbSe nanoparticles act as light harvesting photoactive materials from the UV to IR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, while the graphene acts as a charge collector for both photogenerated holes and electrons under an applied electric field.
Impact of separate urine collection on wastewater treatment systems (2003)

Wastewater treatment should not only be concerned with urban hygiene and environmental protection, but development of a sustainable society must also be considered. This implies a minimisation of the energy demand and potential recovery of finite minerals. Urine contains 80% of the nitrogen (N) and 45% of the phosphorus (P) in wastewater. Separate collection and treatment would improve effluent quality and save energy in centralised biological nutrient removal (BNR). BNR processes are not optimal to treat water with very low N concentration resulting from separate urine collection. Relying on nutrient removal through sludge production, methanation of the sludge, subsequent nutrient removal from the digestion effluent results in optimised and more sustainable wastewater treatment. This paper quantitatively evaluates this option and discusses the potential.
Long-Time Coherent Integration for Weak Maneuvering Target Detection and High-Order Motion Parameter Estimation Based on Keystone Transform (2016)

In the airborne or spaceborne radar applications, prolonging the coherent integration time is one of the effective methods to improve the radar detection ability of a weak maneuvering target, whereas the coherent integration performance may degrade due to the complex range migration (RM) and Doppler frequency migration (DFM) effects. In this paper, detection and motion parameter estimation for a weak maneuvering target with the third-order RM and DFM are considered. Firstly, Keystone transform is applied to compensate the linear range walk. Then, the matched filtering processing is performed in the range-frequency and azimuth-time domain to eliminate the residual coupling effects between range and azimuth. Finally, a well-focused image of a moving target is obtained, and three motion parameters, i.e., velocity, acceleration, and acceleration rate, are effectively estimated. In addition, as for a fast-moving target with Doppler ambiguity, two cases, i.e., target azimuth spectrum within a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and spanning over neighboring PRF bands, are analyzed. Compared with the generalized Radon Fourier transform (GRFT), the proposed method can acquire a close integration performance but with lower computational complexity since the parameter searching dimension is reduced. Simulated processing results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Macclade: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution/Version 3 (1992)

Part I Introducing MacClade: introduction - a tutorial overview of MacClade. Part II Phylogenetic theory: a phylogenetic perspective an introduction to phylogeny reconstructing character evolution using parsimony stratigraphic parsimony Part III Using MacClade: using MacClade on your Macintosh managing data files importing and exporting text files the data editor assumptions about characters trees and tree manipulation tracing character evolution basic tree and character statistics charting tree and character statistics continuous characters patterns of correlated character evolution generating random data and random trees using MacClade with molecular data recording your work. Appendix: file format.
Kidding performance of arid goat breeds under different management systems (2005)

Kidding performance of Marwari and Parbatsari goats was studied under different management systems in the arid zone. One-year-old 15 Marwari and 18 Parbatsari goats were divided into three uniform groups and maintained under extensive, semi-intensive and intensive systems of management up to three lactations. Higher kidding percentage (>80%) was observed in intensive and semi-intensive systems. Average twinning percentage was observed to be 4.5, 14.8 and 25.0% in extensive, semi-intensive and intensive system of management, respectively. The effect of management system was found to be significant on body weights of goats at different physiological stages. Higher body weights of goats at breeding, kidding, 3 months and 6 months of lactation were found in intensive followed by semi-intensive and extensive groups. Parbatsari goats showed better kidding performance in respect of kidding rate, prolificacy and body weights at kidding and after kidding and during the lactation. The body weights of Parbatsari was significantly (P<0.01) higher than Marwari goats at breeding, kidding, 3 months and 6 months of lactation. The mean body weights of Marwari and Parbatsari goats irrespective of management system were 24.6 and 28.4 kg at breeding, 25.9 and 30.4 kg at kidding, 25.9 and 30.1 kg at 3 months of lactation and 21.3 and 31.3 kg at 6 months of lactation, respectively.
Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Behavior by Pax3 and Pax7 (2008)

Pax genes have important roles in the regulation of stem cell behavior, leading to tissue differentiation. In the case of skeletal muscle, Pax3 and Pax7 perform this function both during development and on regeneration in the adult. The myogenic determination gene Myf5 is directly activated by Pax3, leading to the formation of skeletal muscle. Fgfr4 is also a direct Pax3 target and Sprouty1, which encodes an intracellular inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, is under Pax3 control. Orchestration of FGF signaling, through Fgfr4/Sprouty1, modulates the entry of cells into the myogenic program, thus controling the balance between stem cell self-renewal and tissue differentiation. This and other aspects of Pax3/7 function in regulating the behavior of skeletal muscle stem cells are discussed.
Experimental evaluation of trapping efficiency in silicon nitride based charge trapping memories (2009)

A characterization technique capable of measuring the electrical charge injected during programming operations in silicon nitride based charge trapping memories has been developed. The trapping efficiency, defined as the fraction of carriers which gets trapped in the device with respect to the total injected charge, is extracted and is evaluated along the programming transient for a wide set of devices, featuring different material deposition techniques and different thicknesses. The trapping efficiency is found to be almost insensitive to the injection conditions, whereas it depends on the quantity of filled traps, the thickness of the trapping layer and the conduction band offset between the trapping layer and the top oxide. A higher trapping efficiency in general leads to faster programming transients and more effective programming when increasing the gate voltage.
The Elphal Process—A New Method of Coating Steel Strip with Aluminium and other Metals (1963)

Electrophoretic deposition is now recognized as a versatile method of coating single articles with a powder. The Elphal process extends the use of this technique to the continuous coating of metal strip. The powder is applied, compacted and sintered, if necessary, in an inline plant. The Elphal process for coating steel strip with aluminium is described in some detail together with some of the properties of the material. Coatings of metals other than aluminium may be applied to steel or to other metal strip. The Elphal process is particularly useful for depositing alloys which are difficult to apply by other methods. A large range of coating thicknesses is possible, the lower limit being set by the particle size of the powder available. Generally speaking, the method is ideal for coating up to about 40 microns.
Microwave-Assisted Three-Component Reaction for Rapid Synthesis of Some 5,6-Dihydro-4<i>H</i>-1,3-thiazine Derivatives Under Solvent-Free Conditions (2010)

Microwave irradiation was found to efficiently promote the three-component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, thiourea, and vinylbenzene at the presence of TMSCl. The products of 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazines were formed in a very short time with good to excellent yields as well as excellent diastereoselectivity. This newly developed protocol provided a much more facile route of preparing functionalized thiazine compounds. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental.]
A Review on Direct Electrochemistry of Catalase for Electrochemical Sensors (2009)

Catalase (CAT) is a heme enzyme with a Fe((III/II)) prosthetic group at its redox centre. CAT is present in almost all aerobic living organisms, where it catalyzes the disproportionation of H(2)O(2) into oxygen and water without forming free radicals. In order to study this catalytic mechanism in detail, the direct electrochemistry of CAT has been investigated at various modified electrode surfaces with and without nanomaterials. The results show that CAT immobilized on nanomaterial modified electrodes shows excellent catalytic activity, high sensitivity and the lowest detection limit for H(2)O(2) determination. In the presence of nanomaterials, the direct electron transfer between the heme group of the enzyme and the electrode surface improved significantly. Moreover, the immobilized CAT is highly biocompatible and remains extremely stable within the nanomaterial matrices. This review discusses about the versatile approaches carried out in CAT immobilization for direct electrochemistry and electrochemical sensor development aimed as efficient H(2)O(2) determination. The benefits of immobilizing CAT in nanomaterial matrices have also been highlighted.
Small Incision Total Hip Replacement by the Lateral Approach Using Standard Instruments (2004)

Small incisions in total hip replacement should be easily extensile to provide further exposure when needed without compromising the safety of the surgical approach or the skin.
The ABC Transporter MgAtr4 Is a Virulence Factor of <i>Mycosphaerella graminicola</i> that Affects Colonization of Substomatal Cavities in Wheat Leaves (2003)

The role in virulence of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters MgAtr1, MgAtr2, MgAtr3, MgAtr4, and MgAtr5 from Mycosphaerella graminicola was analyzed by gene disruption or replacement on seedlings of the susceptible wheat cultivar Obelisk. Disruption strains of MgAtr1 and MgAtr2 and replacement strains of MgAtr3 and MgAtr5 displayed the same phenotype as control strains, while virulence of the MgAtr4 disruption strains was significantly reduced. This reduction in virulence was independent of the wheat cultivar used. Histopathological analysis of the infection process revealed that MgAtr4 disruption strains colonize substomatal cavities less efficiently and display reduced intercellular growth in the apoplast of wheat leaves. In vitro growth experiments in different media showed no fitness penalty associated with the disruption of MgAtr4. Expression analysis demonstrated that transcripts of the constitutively expressed gene CYP51 encoding the fungal-specific cytochrome P450 sterol 14alpha-demethylase from M. graminicola were not detectable in interaction RNA from wheat infected with MgAtr4 disruption strains, thus confirming the reduced intercellular growth of these strains. The results indicate that MgAtr4 is a virulence factor of M. graminicola during pathogenesis on wheat and may function in protection against fungitoxic compounds present around the substomatal cavities of wheat leaves. MgAtr4 is the first virulence factor cloned from this important plant pathogen.