gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of New T-Cell-Based Cell Lines Expressing Two Luciferase Reporters for Accurately Evaluating Susceptibility to Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drugs (2006)

Two new T-cell-based reporter cell lines were established to measure human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectivity. One cell line naturally expresses CD4 and CXCR4, making it susceptible to X4-tropic viruses, and the other cell line, in which a CCR5 expression vector was introduced, is susceptible to both X4- and R5-tropic viruses. Reporter cells were constructed by transfecting the human T-cell line HPB-Ma, which demonstrates high susceptibility to HIV-1, with genomes expressing two different luciferase reporters, HIV-1 long terminal repeat-driven firefly luciferase and cytomegalovirus promoter-driven renilla luciferase. Upon HIV infection, the cells expressed firefly luciferase at levels that were highly correlated (r2=0.91 to 0.98) with the production of the capsid antigen p24. The cells also constitutively expressed renilla luciferase, which was used to monitor cell numbers and viability. The reliability of the cell lines for two in vitro applications, drug resistance phenotyping and drug screening, was confirmed. As HIV-1 efficiently replicated in these cells, they could be used for multiple-round replication assays as an alternative method to a single-cycle replication protocol. Coefficients of variation for drug susceptibility evaluated with the cell lines ranged from 17 to 41%. The new cell lines were beneficial for evaluating antiretroviral drug resistance. Firefly luciferase gave a wider dynamic range for evaluating virus infectivity, and the introduction of renilla luciferase improved assay reproducibility. The cell lines were also beneficial for screening new antiretroviral agents, as false inhibition caused by the cytotoxicity of test compounds was easily detected by monitoring renilla luciferase activity.
Germ theory, hysteria, and Freud's early work in psychopathology (1980)

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Addressing noise decoupling in mixed-signal IC's: power distribution design and cell customization (1995)

An important and largely unexplored aspect of power distribution synthesis is cell customization. Through automatic cell customization, power I/O cell assignments and local substrate and power supply decoupling may be tailored to reduce deleterious noise effects on analog circuits in mixed-signal environments. Techniques for simultaneous power grid design (topology and sizing) and cell configuration/customization are described that allow designers to handle more difficult chip-level noise problems. Synthesis results on an industrial mixed-signal example demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>hRAD30</i> Mutations in the Variant Form of Xeroderma Pigmentosum (1999)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a high incidence of skin cancers. Yeast RAD30 encodes a DNA polymerase involved in the error-free bypass of ultraviolet (UV) damage. Here it is shown that XP variant (XP-V) cell lines harbor nonsense or frameshift mutations in hRAD30, the human counterpart of yeast RAD30. Of the eight mutations identified, seven would result in a severely truncated hRad30 protein. These results indicate that defects in hRAD30 cause XP-V, and they suggest that error-free replication of UV lesions by hRad30 plays an important role in minimizing the incidence of sunlight-induced skin cancers.
Human NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase deficiency: radical changes in mitochondrial morphology? (2007)

Malfunction of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I (CI), the first and largest complex of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, has been implicated in a wide variety of human disorders. To demonstrate a quantitative relationship between CI amount and activity and mitochondrial shape and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, we recently combined native electrophoresis and confocal and video microscopy of dermal fibroblasts of healthy control subjects and children with isolated CI deficiency. Individual mitochondria appeared fragmented and/or less branched in patient fibroblasts with a severely reduced CI amount and activity (class I), whereas patient cells in which these latter parameters were only moderately reduced displayed a normal mitochondrial morphology (class II). Moreover, cellular ROS levels were significantly more increased in class I compared with class II cells. We propose a mechanism in which a mutation-induced decrease in the cellular amount and activity of CI leads to enhanced ROS levels, which, in turn, induce mitochondrial fragmentation when not appropriately counterbalanced by the cell's antioxidant defense systems.
Quantification of intracellular homocysteine by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2006)

A precise and accurate stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of intracellular homocysteine has been developed. An internal standard, [(2)H(8)]-homocystine, was added to cell pellets from EA.hy 926 cells grown in culture under low and high folate concentrations. D,L-dithiothreitol was used to reduce cellular homocystine to homocysteine. Cellular proteins were precipitated by the addition of formic acid in acetonitrile. After centrifugation, a portion of the supernatant was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Using a Supelcosil cyano column with an Applied Biosystems API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, the SRM transitions for homocysteine (m/z 136 to m/z 90) and [(2)H(4)]-homocysteine (m/z 140 to m/z 94) were monitored. The method was validated by conducting five replicate analyses on three different days at four different concentrations (concentrations at the lower limit of quantitation and expected lower quartile, mid-range and upper quartile). The limit of detection was 2 ng/10(6) EA.hy 926 cells. Using this method, the intracellular homocysteine concentration in EA.hy 926 cells ranged from 10 to 36 ng/10(6) cells.
The system-independent data exchange format CAEX for supporting an automatic configuration of a production monitoring and control system (2008)

This contribution presents the usage of an abstract data exchange format for an automatic configuration of a production monitoring and control system. The automatic configuration procedure re-uses already existing engineering information stored in a standardized and system-independent data format like CAEX. Standard data formats enable - beside the possibility of reaching a transparent engineering value creation chain - the data access of computational algorithms which automatically analyze those data and automatically create engineering results out of them. Standard data formats are a key for the idea of ldquoautomation of automationrdquo. The concept is exemplarily implemented and explained by means of the configuration of ProVis.Agentreg and ProVis.Visureg using CAEX.
Overdrive is a T-region transfer enhancer which stimulates T-strand production in<i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> (1987)

Introduction of a left or right synthetic border repeat together with the overdrive sequence in an octopine Ti-plasmid deletion mutant, lacking the right border, resulted in the complete restoration of the oncogenicity of the mutant strain. However introduction of a border repeat without the overdrive, only restored oncogenicity partially. The overdrive sequence turned out to be able to stimulate the synthetic border mediated T-region transfer, independent of its orientation and position relative to the border repeat. Furthermore the distance between border repeat and overdrive could be enlarged, without a loss of overdrive activity. Here we enlarged the distance between the two sequences up to 6714bp. These results were confirmed by estimating the amount of single stranded T-DNA molecules from induced agrobacteria, containing the various border constructs.
On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor (1981)

A simple and inexpensive gas chromatographic (GC) analysis system was developed for the on-line and automatic determination of most of the components in the effluent from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalytic reactor. A total of 120 specific compounds were separated, including C1-C12 paraffins and olefins, alkyl atomatic and C1-C4 alcohols. Argon was used as internal standard, allowing accurate mass balances to be made of the carbon entering and leaving the reactor. The system consists of a single QC oven, a 6- and 10-port sampling valve, a packed and a capillary WCOT column, a TC detector and an FID.
Proteolytic degradation of hemoglobin by endogenous lysosomal proteases gives rise to bioactive peptides: hemorphins (1999)

Hemorphin generation by mice peritoneal macrophages has been recently reported, nevertheless no conclusive data exist to localize clearly the macrophage proteolytic activity implicated in their generation. Because lysosomes are believed to be the main site of degradation in the endocytic pathway, we have studied their potential implication in the generation of hemorphins from hemoglobin. When this protein is submitted to purified rat liver lysosomes, an early generation of hemorphin-7-related peptides, detected by a radioimmunoassay, was observed. These peptides seemed to be relatively stable during the first hours of hydrolysis.
A Small Antigenic Determinant of the Chikungunya Virus E2 Protein Is Sufficient to Induce Neutralizing Antibodies which Are Partially Protective in Mice (2015)

The recombinant protein sAB+ contains important structural antigens for a neutralizing antibody response in mice and its formulation with appropriate adjuvants might lead to a future CHIKV vaccine.
An Internet of Things Approach to Contact Tracing—The BubbleBox System (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic exploded at the beginning of 2020, with over four million cases in five months, overwhelming the healthcare sector. Several national governments decided to adopt containment measures, such as lockdowns, social distancing, and quarantine. Among these measures, contact tracing can contribute in bringing under control the outbreak, as quickly identifying contacts to isolate suspected cases can limit the number of infected people. In this paper we present BubbleBox, a system relying on a dedicated device to perform contact tracing. BubbleBox integrates Internet of Things and software technologies into different components to achieve its goal—providing a tool to quickly react to further outbreaks, by allowing health operators to rapidly reach and test possible infected people. This paper describes the BubbleBox architecture, presents its prototype implementation, and discusses its pros and cons, also dealing with privacy concerns.
Evaluation of Surface Cleaning Procedures for CTGS Substrates for SAW Technology with XPS (2017)

A highly efficient and reproducible cleaning procedure of piezoelectric substrates is essential in surface acoustic waves (SAW) technology to fabricate high-quality SAW devices, especially for new applications such SAW sensors wherein new materials for piezoelectric substrates and interdigital transducers are used. Therefore, the development and critical evaluation of cleaning procedures for each material system that is under consideration becomes crucial. Contaminants like particles or the presence of organic/inorganic material on the substrate can dramatically influence and alter the properties of the thin film substrate composite, such as wettability, film adhesion, film texture, and so on. In this article, focus is given to different cleaning processes like SC-1 and SC-2, UV-ozone treatment, as well as cleaning by first-contact polymer Opticlean, which are applied for removal of contaminants from the piezoelectric substrate Ca 3 TaGa 3 Si 2 O 14 . By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the presence of the most critical contaminants such as carbon, sodium, and iron removed through different cleaning procedures were studied and significant differences were observed between the outcomes of these procedures. Based on these results, a two-step cleaning process, combining SC-1 at a reduced temperature at 30 ∘ C instead of 80 ∘ C and a subsequent UV-ozone cleaning directly prior to deposition of the metallization, is suggested to achieve the lowest residual contamination level.
High-speed transformation of primitive data types in a heterogeneous distributed computer system (2003)

The performance of heterogeneous distributed computed systems is severely limited by the inability to transfer primitive data types between dissimilar processors because of the different representations used. The use of hardware transformation units is proposed to reduce the time required to transfer the data. The transformation units must know the source processor type, data type, and destination processor type and must be capable of performing all required transformations. Three location schemes for the transformation units are local, central, and distributed. The three schemes are compared for twelve factors, and performance models for each scheme are developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement of Confocal Fluorescence Images of Neutrophils by Magnetic Fields (2008)

Fluorescent images of human neutrophil cells were obtained from confocal microscopy with and without the application of a magnetic field. This novel approach of imaging is found to be very useful for detecting cell structures, and also to reveal the morphological details which were not seen in images obtained without a magnetic field. In this study, the presence of a magnetic field revealed the intracellular distribution of p22-phox, an important component of the NADPH oxidase protein complex. This innovation will open a window in the morphological and immunohistochemical investigation of cells which is so important for medical sciences and clinical applications.
The LTE Evolution: Private Mobile Radio Networks (2013)

The current private mobile radio (PMR) networks propose rich voice and basic data services on a large cellular network using dedicated digital narrowband PMR standards such as Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), TETRA for Police (TETRAPOL), or Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-Project 25 (APCO P25). Such standards provide user bit rates typically from 4 to 10 kb/s, which are less appropriate to address future PMR services requiring higher throughput, such as mail, secured Web services, video, and image delivery. The promising Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) solution is a candidate to address such a PMR revolution, considering some specific adaptations to be compliant with certain critical PMR requirements. This article provides an overview of these specific LTE adaptations and evaluates how they remain challenging from a standards perspective.
THE ROUTINE MANAGEMENT OF SYPHILIS AND GONORRHOEA EMPLOYED IN THE ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL VENEREAL DISEASES DEPARTMENT (1926)

The following is a bare statement of the lines of treat- ment usually followed, unburdened by any long discussion of reasons for the various forms of treatment outlined, since most of these can be found in my works on the subject. To prevent any misconception which might arise from the use of the word " routine " in the title of this paper, it should be said at once that it does not mean that a programme of treatment is carried out mechanically. Indeed, this is far from being the case: every patient is carefully examined before each further step is taken, and the treatment is modified if the circumstances of the case require it.
Magnetic Suspension Balance (1955)

An analytical balance is described in which the materials to be weighed are attached to a ferromagnetic body that is freely suspended by the axial magnetic field of a solenoid. The vertical position of the suspended mass is maintained by the automatic regulation of the current through the solenoid by means of an electronic servo-circuit actuated by a light beam and photomultiplier tube arrangement. The horizontal position of the supported mass is maintained by the symmetrically diverging field of the solenoid. Changes in the nonferromagnetic masses of the suspended bodies are determined by the resulting changes in the current through the solenoid necessary to keep the bodies freely suspended. Masses ranging from 105 grams to 2×10−6 gram have been suspended. The precision of the balance is limited only by the natural fluctuations in the circuit, the photomultipliers and the support system. This balance is especially useful where it is necessary to weigh materials inside of sealed chambers which contain gases, vapors or liquids, or which are evacuated. A method is described for accurately calibrating the balance.
Design of Li<sub>1+2x</sub>Zn<sub>1−x</sub>PS<sub>4</sub>, a new lithium ion conductor (2016)

Structural screening and <italic>in silico</italic> optimization yields a new Li-ion conductor with a bcc anion framework and high conductivity.
Exploiting Multimodal Affect and Semantics to Identify Politically Persuasive Web Videos (2015)

We introduce the task of automatically classifying politically persuasive web videos and propose a highly effective multi-modal approach for this task. We extract audio, visual, and textual features that attempt to capture affect and semantics in the audio-visual content and sentiment in the viewers' comments. We demonstrate that each of the feature modalities can be used to classify politically persuasive content, and that fusing them leads to the best performance. We also perform experiments to examine human accuracy and inter-coder reliability for this task and show that our best automatic classifier slightly outperforms average human performance. Finally we show that politically persuasive videos generate more strongly negative viewer comments than non-persuasive videos and analyze how affective content can be used to predict viewer reactions.
Performance Simulation of a Compression Ignition Free Piston Engine (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A dual-piston, two-stroke, compression ignition free piston engine has been simulated with zero- and one-dimensional performance simulation codes. The simulation models used in the codes have been developed to analyze and improve the internal combustion engine process of a hydraulic free piston engine prototype. The prototype was designed and constructed in Tampere University of Technology at the Institute of Hydraulics and Automation. Performance simulation analyses were conducted in Helsinki University of Technology at the Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory. The zero-dimensional model is used for the simulation of piston dynamics. The one-dimensional model is used for performance simulation, especially for the simulation of gas exchange process. The simulation results were verified through prototype engine measurements.</div>
Convenient Method for the Preparations of Carboxylic Thiolester and Acid Anhydride (1968)

Abstract The reactions of mercuric carboxylates with bivalent sulfur compounds, such as aralkyl sulfides and mercaptoles, were investigated. When mercuric acetate and aralkyl sulfides were refluxed in benzene, mercury mercaptides and aralkyl acetates were obtained. It was made clear that the reactivity of the sulfides depends on the stability of carbonium ions given by elimination of the mercapto group. Next, it was found that acetic anhydride, benzophenone and mercury phenylmercaptide were obtained in high yields by the equimolar reaction of benzophenone diphenylmercaptole with mercuric acetate. Further, the reaction was extended to the preparative method of carboxylic acid anhydrides from free acids by treating the carboxylic acids with diphenylmercury and the mercaptole. On the other hand, S-phenyl thioacetate, benzophenone and mercury mercaptide were produced in good yields when benzophenone diphenylmercaptole (2 mol) was treated with mercuric acetate (1 mol). Further, it was established that thiolesters were exclusively produced in good yields along with benzophenone and the mercury mercaptide by the reaction of benzophenone diphenylmercaptole or bis (p-chlorophenyl) mercaptole (2 mol) with free carboxylic acids (2 mol) and diphenylmercury (1 mol).
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (1999)

A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) program was established on a surgical unit with children age 7 years and older. The primary objectives for the PCA program were safety and efficacy. A retrospective evaluation of the first 30 patients enrolled in the program suggested in the program suggested that it was safe and adequately controlled pain for all but 4 patients. A chart review of these patients indicated that the relation between the number of failed administration attempts, the total hourly analgesic intake, and the pain intensity score was key to optimizing the use of PCA. Recommendations to strengthen the PCA program were implemented based on information gained from these 4 patients with poorly controlled pain.
Identifying Cochlear Implant Channels with Poor Electrode-Neuron Interface: Partial Tripolar, Single-Channel Thresholds and Psychophysical Tuning Curves (2010)

These results suggest that single-channel thresholds measured with a restricted stimulus can be used to identify cochlear implant channels with poor spatial selectivity. Channels having wide or tip-shifted tuning characteristics would likely not deliver the appropriate spectral information to the intended auditory neurons, leading to suboptimal perception. As a clinical tool, quick identification of impaired channels could lead to patient-specific mapping strategies and result in improved speech and music perception.
Evolving a neural network (2002)

Although artificial neural networks have been shown to be effective in the computation of solutions to difficult problems a general theory has not yet been developed to provide guidance in their design and implementation. Genetic algorithms have also been shown to be effective in evolving solutions to optimization problems which involve objective functions that are not 'nice'. The approach presented here is the utilization of genetic algorithms to evolve the number of neurons in an artificial neural network, the weights of their interconnects, and the interconnect structure itself. With this approach, no a priori assumptions about interconnect structure, weights, number of layers. or to which neurons the inputs or outputs are connected need to be made. A combined neural network evaluation and genetic algorithm evaluation program has been written in C on a Sun workstation. The method has been successfully applied to the 9*9 bit character recognition problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>