gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic self-assembly of motile bacteria in liquid crystals (2013)

This paper reports an investigation of dynamical behaviors of motile rod-shaped bacteria within anisotropic viscoelastic environments defined by lyotropic liquid crystals (LCs). In contrast to passive microparticles (including non-motile bacteria) that associate irreversibly in LCs via elasticity-mediated forces, we report that motile Proteus mirabilis bacteria form dynamic and reversible multi-cellular assemblies when dispersed in a lyotropic LC. By measuring the velocity of the bacteria through the LC (8.8 ± 0.2 μm s(-1)) and by characterizing the ordering of the LC about the rod-shaped bacteria (tangential anchoring), we conclude that the reversibility of the inter-bacterial interaction emerges from the interplay of forces generated by the flagella of the bacteria and the elasticity of the LC, both of which are comparable in magnitude (tens of pN) for motile Proteus mirabilis cells. We also measured the dissociation process, which occurs in a direction determined by the LC, to bias the size distribution of multi-cellular bacterial complexes in a population of motile Proteus mirabilis relative to a population of non-motile cells. Overall, these observations and others reported in this paper provide insight into the fundamental dynamic behaviors of bacteria in complex anisotropic environments and suggest that motile bacteria in LCs are an exciting model system for exploration of principles for the design of active materials.
Data models in database management (1980)

It is a combination of three components: 1) a collection of data structure types (the building blocks of any database that conforms to the model);
Alteration of Nucleotide Metabolism: A New Mechanism for Mitochondrial Disorders (2003)

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP). TP deficiency alters the metabolism of the nucleosides thymidine and deoxyuridine, which, in turn, produces abnormalities of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) including depletion, deletions, and point mutations. MNGIE is the best characterized of the expanding number of mitochondrial disorders caused by alterations in the metabolism of nucleosides/nucleotides. Because mitochondria contain their own machinery for nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism and have physically separate nucleotide pools, it is not surprising that disorders of these pathways cause human diseases. Other diseases in this group include mtDNA depletion syndromes caused by mutations on the nuclear genes encoding the mitochondrial thymidine kinase and deoxyguanosine kinase; autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple deletions of mtDNA due to mutations in the genes encoding the muscle-isoform of mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocator; and mitochondrial DNA depletion due to toxicities of nucleoside analogues. Mutations in the deoxynucleotide carrier, a transporter of deoxynucleoside diphosphates, have been identified as a cause of congenital microcephaly. However, alterations of mtDNA have not yet been established in this disorder. Future studies are likely to reveal additional diseases and provide further insight into this new subject.
Comparative Study and Evaluation of Online Ad-Blockers (2015)

In the face of online advertising growing exponentially, numerous technologies have been developed to thwart the display of advertisements. This report is a comparative study of leading online software and hardware ad-blockers. In particular our research is on AdBlock, AdBlock Plus, and AdTrap. This report describes how they work, what types of advertisements they do and do not block, device compatibility, and if advertisers can detect and prevent ad-blockers. Our research shows that AdBlock leads the others in terms of ad blocking ability. Our research also shows AdTrap has significant benefits for implementing across an entire network. We also present ways for web developers to detect as well as counter ad-blockers.
A nondestructive self-reference scheme for Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) (2010)

We proposed a novel self-reference sensing scheme for Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) to overcome the large bit-to-bit variation of Magnetic Tunneling Junction (MTJ) resistance. Different from all the existing schemes, our solution is nondestructive: The stored value in the STT-RAM cell does NOT need to be overwritten by a reference value. And hence, long write-back operation (of the original stored value) is eliminated. The robustness analyses of the existing scheme and our proposed nondestructive scheme are also presented. The measurement results from a 16kb testing chip successfully confirmed the effectiveness of our technique.
Atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride probed by ultrahigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy (2009)

We present a method to prepare monolayer and multilayer suspended sheets of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), using a combination of mechanical exfoliation and reactive ion etching. Ultrahigh-resolution transmission electron microscope imaging is employed to resolve the atoms, and intensity profiles for reconstructed phase images are used to identify the chemical nature (boron or nitrogen) of every atom throughout the sample. Reconstructed phase images are distinctly different for h-BN multilayers of even or odd number. Unusual triangular defects and zigzag and armchair edge reconstructions are uniquely identified and characterized.
Channel assignment optimisation using a hyper-heuristic (2005)

The channel assignment problem is a real world problem from the mobile communications industry. The primary objective is to find the minimum frequency bandwidth given different traffic demand distribution within the mobile network, besides fulfilling the channel demand requirement, we must also consider the minimum channel reuse distance in order to avoid the effect of call interference within the same cell or adjacent cells. Previous approaches have used graph-colouring algorithms, heuristic search, neural networks, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms (CA). In this paper, we propose a hyper-heuristic methodology and compare our approach against channel assignment problems from the literature
Security for the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) (2002)

Over the last several years, there has been an emphasis on distributed client/server computing in business as well as government. A useful means of achieving this capability is through the use of object technology. Distributed object systems offer many benefits, such as downsizing and right sizing, resulting in a trend toward small, modular, commercial or government off-the-shelf components as a means of system development. Distributed object management standards, such as the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) specification are aiding the integration process. One area of distributed object systems that has received little attention to date is security. Security is a difficult problem in traditional software systems, and adding distribution and use of object-oriented techniques just increases the complexity of the problem. The Object Management Group (OMG) is beginning to solicit proposals from vendors for handling security in a distributed object environment. This paper gives an overview of distributed object management and standards being specified by the OMG. It applies traditional security engineering analysis to CORBA and highlights some of the security function interdependencies among CORBA components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Shared Library Access Patterns of Android Applications (2015)

We analyze the instruction access patterns of Android applications. Although Android applications are ordinarily written in Java, we find that native-code shared libraries play a large role in their instruction footprint. Specifically, averaging over a wide range of applications, we find that 60% of the instruction pages accessed belong to native-code shared libraries and 72% of the instruction fetches are from these same pages. Moreover, given the extensive use of native-code shared libraries, we find that, for any pair of applications, on average 28% of the overall instruction pages accessed by one of the applications are also accessed by the other. These results suggest the possibility of optimizations targeting shared libraries in order to improve instruction access efficiency and overall performance.
Effects of stochastic time-delayed feedback on a dynamical system modeling a chemical oscillator (2018)

We examine how stochastic time-delayed negative feedback affects the dynamical behavior of a model oscillatory reaction. We apply constant and stochastic time-delayed negative feedbacks to a point Field-Körös-Noyes photosensitive oscillator and compare their effects. Negative feedback is applied in the form of simulated inhibitory electromagnetic radiation with an intensity proportional to the concentration of oxidized light-sensitive catalyst in the oscillator. We first characterize the system under nondelayed inhibitory feedback; then we explore and compare the effects of constant (deterministic) versus stochastic time-delayed feedback. We find that the oscillatory amplitude, frequency, and waveform are essentially preserved when low-dispersion stochastic delayed feedback is used, whereas small but measurable changes appear when a large dispersion is applied.
Characterization of FBG sensor interrogation based on a FDML wavelength swept laser (2008)

In this study, we develop an ultra-fast fiber Bragg grating sensor system that is based on the Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) swept laser. A FDML wavelength swept laser has many advantages compared to the conventional wavelength swept laser source, such as high-speed interrogation, narrow spectral sensitivity, and high phase stability. The newly developed FDML wavelength swept laser shows a superior performance of a high scan rate of 31.3 kHz and a broad scan range of over 70 nm simultaneously. The performance of the grating sensor interrogating system using a FDML wavelength swept laser is characterized in both static and dynamic strain responses.
Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error. (2002)

Heredity was the most important factor associated with juvenile myopia, with smaller independent contributions from more near work, higher school achievement, and less time in sports activity. There was no evidence that children inherit a myopigenic environment or a susceptibility to the effects of near work from their parents.
Autosomal Dominant Lateral Temporal Epilepsy: Two Families with Novel Mutations in the <i>LGI1</i> Gene (2004)

We identified two novel mutations in the LGI1 gene. The phenotype of these two families was similar to that of other kindreds with ADLTE, as auditory aura was absent in one third of affected individuals. Our results further support that LGI1 mutations should be considered in patients with a history of partial seizures if the semiology of seizures is consistent with the onset in the lateral temporal lobe.
A win/win solution for FGD-gypsum: researches discover beneficial applications for by-product in agriculture (2006)

Research at the Ohio State University and the USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab at Purdue University has uncovered some viable new reasons for using FGD-gypsum as a regular part of production agriculture. Work has centered on FGD gypsum or calcium sulfite and to a much lesser extent on fly ash. Researchers have found three agronomically valuable functions of these materials. First, and most obvious, is the fertilizer value of these materials. Gypsum applications to the soil surface provide the rainfall with an alternative source of electrolyte which prevents soil crushing, thus keeping the soil open and permeable to rainwater and air. Gypsum is more effective than liming materials atremediation of sub-soil acidity by detoxifying the excess exchangeable aluminium, which causes low pH. One proven way to sequester carbon is to fix it as organic matter in soil. 90% of the carbon in roots is converted to soil organic matter, whereas 90% of surface residue is oxide and the carbon returned to the atmosphere. Therefore, more carbon is sequestered by increasing root growth. Improved soil water management also reduces nitrous oxide emissions from soils. The utility's world is improved since the highest quality and lowest cost material is generated bymore » an emission control scrubber as FGD-gypsum. There are more than 175 million crop acres in the US alone. Each acre would require 0.5 ton per year to prevent surface sealing. This means that the potential for FGD-gypsum use is more than 80 million tons per year. 4 photos.« less
Melt polycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in a rotating disk reactor (1995)

Abstract A multicompartment model is proposed for a semibatch melt polycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in a rotating disk polymerization reactor and compared with laboratory experimental data. The reactor is a horizontal cylindrical vessel with a horizontal shaft on which multiple disks are mounted. The reactor is assumed to comprise N equal sized compartments and each compartment consists of a film phase on the rotating disk and a bulk phase in which disks are partially immersed. The effects of disk rotating speed, number of disks, reaction temperature, and pressure were investigated. It was observed that ethylene glycol is predominantly removed from thin polymer layers on the rotating disks and the enhanced interfacial area exerted by ethylene glycol bubbles accounts for about 30–50% of the total available interfacial mass transfer area. Although the rate of polymerization increases as more disks are used, the maximum number of disks in a reactor must be determined properly in order to prevent the formation of thick polymer films that result in a reduced specific interfacial area and reduced polymerization efficiency. At a fixed reaction pressure, the equilibrium conversion is reached but the rate of reaction can be further increased by increasing the reaction temperature. The results of the proposed multicompartment model are also compared with those predicted by a simple one‐parameter model. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unusually large von willebrand factor multimers preferentially promote young sickle and nonsickle erythrocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (1993)

Sickle red blood cells (RBC) suspended with endothelial cell (EC)-derived unusually large (UL) von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers, but not large plasma vWF forms, adhered to human venous EC under shear flow conditions. When sickle RBC were separated by density gradient centrifugation, fractions rich in less dense RBC were the most adhesive to EC in the presence of ULvWF. Incubation of sickle RBC with monoclonal antibodies against platelet surface receptors GPIb or GPIIb/IIIa, or with the integrin receptor agonist Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) decreased the ULvWF-mediated sickle RBC adhesion to EC 84%, > 99%, and 90%, respectively. When incubated with EC before the flow studies, anti-GPIb antibody and RGDS inhibited the ULvWF-mediated sickle RBC adhesion to EC. ULvWF also promoted the adhesion to EC of nonsickle RBC (HbAA) from patients with an increased proportion of young erythrocytes. When the EC supernatant was depleted of most vWF forms, young nonsickle RBC adhesion decreased by 90%. Preincubation of young nonsickle RBC with anti-GPIb antibody, anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody, or RGDS inhibited the ULvWF-mediated young RBC adhesion to EC by 47%, 88%, and 92%, respectively. These data indicate that (1) low-density erythrocyte fractions enriched in young sickle or young nonsickle RBC are capable of binding ULvWF multimers via GPIb-like and GPIIb/IIIa-like receptors; (2) the RBC vWF receptors are lost or modified as erythrocytes age in the circulation; and (3) ULvWF/RBC complexes also bind to EC via a GPIb-like receptor.
Impact of Chronic Psychosocial Stress on Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation in Otherwise Healthy Subjects (2005)

Elevated psychosocial stress might favor the occurrence of cardiovascular disease; however, mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that patients (n=126; 44+/-1 years of age) referred to an internal medicine clinic because of symptoms related to chronic psychosocial stress would demonstrate signs of autonomic dysregulation compared with controls (n=132; 42+/-1 years of age). We used autoregressive spectral analysis of RR interval variability to obtain indirect markers of sympathetic and of vagal (respectively, low-frequency and high-frequency components, both expressed in normalized units) oscillatory modulation of sinoatrial node, as well as of sympathetic vasomotor regulation (low-frequency component of systolic arterial pressure variability) and of cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (alpha-index). Higher values of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (respectively, 124+/-1 versus 117+/-1 mm Hg and 80+/-1 versus 75+/-1 mm Hg; both P<0.001), altered markers of autonomic regulation (increased normalized low-frequency and reduced high-frequency component of RR variability, P<0.005; increased-low frequency component of systolic arterial pressure variability, P<0.002), and reduced baroreflex sensitivity (19.3+/-1.4 versus 23.0+/-2.0 ms/mm Hg; P<0.05) were observed in patients compared with controls. Autonomic responses to active standing were also blunted in stressed patients. Autonomic markers were significantly correlated to stress perception score and were capable of discriminating between controls and patients with a high degree of accuracy. Chronic real-life stress in humans appears associated to increased arterial pressure and to impaired autonomic regulation of cardiovascular functions. The combination of sympathetic predominance, vagal withdrawal, and blunted baroreflex sensitivity might represent a treatable mechanistic link between psychosocial factors and future incidence of hypertension.
The Mouse Cell Surface Protein TOSO Regulates Fas/Fas Ligand-induced Apoptosis through Its Binding to Fas-associated Death Domain (2005)

Mouse TOSO, the homologue of human TOSO gene, was cloned and characterized in the present study. Using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy we localized TOSO to the cytoplasmic membrane of expressing cells. Using stably transfected mouse TOSO (mTOSO)-expressing Jurkat cells, we show that TOSO protects cells from Fas/Fas ligand- and tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis but not from TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis. The Fas-induced activation of caspase-8 was significantly inhibited by the expression of mTOSO. Using deletion mutants and glutathione S-transferase pull-down approaches, we have shown that mTOSO regulates apoptosis by directly binding to Fas-associated death domain through its C-terminal domain, suggesting the disruption of death-inducing signaling complex formation as mechanism of action. Furthermore, we have expressed mTOSO in transgenic mice and show that mTOSO overexpressing primary T lymphocytes are resistant to Fas/Fas ligand-induced apoptosis.
Anderson localization of graphene by helium ion irradiation (2016)

Irradiation of a single-layer graphene (SLG) with accelerated helium ions (He+) controllably generates defect distributions, which create a charge carrier scattering source within the SLG. We report direct experimental observation of metal-insulator transition in SLG on SiO2/Si substrates induced by Anderson localization. This transition was investigated using scanning capacitance microscopy by monitoring the He+ dose conditions on the SLG. The experimental data show that a defect density of more than ∼1.2% induced Anderson localization. We also investigated the localization length by determining patterned placement of the defects and estimated the length to be several dozen nanometers. These findings provide valuable insight for patterning and designing graphene-based nanostructures using helium ion microscopy.
Transparent, Low Resistance, and Flexible Amorphous ZnO-Doped In[sub 2]O[sub 3] Anode Grown on a PES Substrate (2007)

Transparent and low resistance amorphous ZnO-doped In2O3 (IZO) anode films were grown by radio-frequency (rf) sputtering on an organic passivated polyethersulfone (PES) substrate for use in flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Under optimized growth conditions, a sheet resistance of 15.2 /, average transmittance above 89% in the green range, and a root mean square roughness of 0.375 nm were obtained, even for the IZO anode film grown in a pure Ar ambient without the addition of oxygen as a reactive gas. All of the IZO anode films had an amorphous structure regardless of the rf power and the working pressure due to the low substrate temperature of 50°C and the structural stability of the amorphous IZO films. In addition, an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile obtained for the IZO/PES showed no obvious evidence of interfacial reactions between the IZO anode and the PES substrate, except for some indiffusion of oxygen atoms from the IZO anode. Furthermore, the current-voltage-luminance of the flexible OLEDs fabricated on IZO anode was found to be critically dependent on the sheet resistance of the IZO anode.
Umbilical Vein Graft for Lower Limb Ischaemia (1982)

Over a two-year period 30 patients in a British district general hospital had human umbilical vein grafts (Meadox Medical) inserted for severe lower limb ischaemia. There were no perioperative deaths but 6 patients subsequently died from their atherosclerosis. The cumulative patency rate at one year was 70%. Five patients suffered immediate graft failure and all required amputation. Failures were due to inappropriate case selection and early technical inexperience with handling the graft.
Influence of Ag Content and H<sub>2</sub>S Exposure on 1,3-Butadiene/1-Butene Adsorption by Ag Ion-Exchanged Y-Zeolites (Ag−Y) (2001)

It was found earlier in our laboratories that Ag ion-exchanged zeolite was capable of purifying 1-butene by selective adsorbing trace amounts of 1,3-butadiene. The effect of Ag content in Ag ion-exchanged Y-zeolite (Ag−Y) on 1,3-butadiene/1-butene adsorption was investigated using Ag−Y with different Si/Al ratios and different degrees of Ag+/Na+ exchange (AgNa−Y). AgNa−Y with a Ag content of 34 Ag/u.c. exhibited excellent adsorption performance in terms of both separation factor and uptake rate. The influence of H2S exposure on sorbent performance was also examined. Although both 1,3-butadiene and 1-butene adsorption amounts were decreased by H2S exposure, the separation factors remained well over 100, which were still good for purification. XPS analysis revealed that Ag+ in Ag−Y reacted with H2S to form Ag2S. The high selectivity for butadiene over 1-butene was indicative of the π-complexation ability of Ag2S. This work demonstrated that (1) an intermediate silver loading was the best for 1,3-butadiene/1-butene purification and that (2) Ag−Y maintained stability against H2S.