gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental lithium system. Final report (1985)

A full-scale mockup of the Fusion Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) Facility lithium system was built at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL). This isothermal mockup, called the Experimental Lithium System (ELS), was prototypic of FMIT, excluding the accelerator and dump heat exchanger. This 3.8 m/sup 3/ lithium test loop achieved over 16,000 hours of safe and reliable operation. An extensive test program demonstrated satisfactory performance of the system components, including the HEDL-supplied electromagnetic lithium pump, the lithium jet target, the purification and characterization hardware, as well as the auxiliary argon and vacuum systems. Experience with the test loop provided important information on system operation, performance, and reliability. This report presents a complete overview of the entire Experimental Lithium System test program and also includes a summary of such areas as instrumentation, coolant chemistry, vapor/aerosol transport, and corrosion.
Towards a Paradigm for Research on Social Representations (1999)

Based on Moscovici’s (1961) classical study on the cultivation of psychoanalytic ideas in France in the 1950’s and our own research on modern biotechnology, we propose a paradigm for researching social representations. Following a consideration of the nature of representations and of the ‘iconoclastic suspicion’ that haunts them, we propose a model of the emergence of meaning relating three elements: subjects, objects, and projects. The basic unit of analysis is the elongated triangle of mediation (SOPS): subject 1, object, project, and subject 2, captured in the image of a ‘Toblerone’. Such social units cultivate, that is produce, circulate and receive representation which may be embodied in four modes–habitual behaviour, individual cognition, informal communication and formal communication–and in three mediums–words, visual images or non‐linguistic sounds. We propose an operational definition of a ‘social representation’ as the comparison of four characteristics of communication systems: the content structures (anchorings and objectifications; core and peripheral elements), the typified processes (diffusion, propagation, propaganda etc.), and their functions (identity, attitude, opinion, resistance, ideology etc.), within the context of segmented social milieus. Seven implications for research on social representations are outlined: (1) content and process; (2) segmentation by social milieus rather than taxonomies; (3) cultivation studies within social milieus; (4) multi‐method (mode and medium) analysis; (5) time structures and longitudinal data; (6) the crossover of cultural projects and trajectories; (7) the disinterested research attitude. This ideal type paradigm leads to an operational clarification to identify new research questions, and to guide the design and evaluation of studies on social representations.
Perfluorinated polymer optical fiber tapers for fluorescence collection (2009)

We propose the use of perfluorinated cladded multimode polymer optical fibers tapers for fluorescent detection in aqueous environment. A graded-index polymer optical fiber with core and cladding diameters of 62.5/90 and very low refractive index (nCore = 1.356, nCladding = 1.342) has been used. The taper has been fabricated using the heat-and- pull technique. Despite to the fact that taper core is not in direct contact with the external medium, this fiber taper can be used for sensing applications. In fact, some of the guided modes are no more confined in the core region but can still be guided by the fiber in the cladding region. Therefore, in the taper region, there is an evanescent wave in the external medium, related to the cladding modes. The taper geometry and the very low refractive index of the material corecladding (1,35-1,34) permits a strong enhancement of the penetration depth increasing the fluorescence collection efficiency in aqueous environments (1.33). Fluorescence measurements in an aqueous solution containing Cy5 dye in a concentration range 3.14×10<sup>-7</sup>M to 6.76×10<sup>-6</sup>M have been performed.
A new mobile biometric based upon usage context (2013)

Securing mobile devices present unique challenges and there is considerable interest in identification of new biometric modalities for active authentication of mobile users. Naïve extension of desktop and other fixed asset biometric modalities to mobile environment is limiting because (a) mobile use provides a richer usage context including location and motion which should be exploited, and (b) biometrics like mouse and eye movement don't simply extend to the mobile usage. We present a new mobile biometric that combines behavioral elements corresponding to what, where, when, and how of the mobile device usage. We propose a representation scheme and a classification model for the new biometric. We also outline an active authentication framework and a test and evaluation approach for using the new biometric.
Wavefront-aberration sorting and correction for a dual-deformable-mirror adaptive-optics system (2008)

Many next-generation adaptive optics (AO) systems for vision will have two deformable mirrors (DMs) instead of one: a high-stroke, low-resolution mirror (the woofer) and a low-stroke, high-resolution mirror (the tweeter). We developed a zonal wavefront-control algorithm and validated it using simulations. Rather than separating the woofer and tweeter corrections into two independent control processes or using a modal decomposition, the algorithm we proposed uses wavefront slope measurements from a single Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to generate control signals for both deformable mirrors within a single zonal control. A Lagrange multiplier is chosen to integrate two DMs into a single-DM wavefront control, and a damped least-squares control is employed to suppress the correlation between the two DMs.
HARMONIC GENERATION AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVE MIXING WITH THE JOSEPHSON EFFECT (1969)

By observing constant-voltage steps from Josephson junctions at voltages as high as 17 mV we deduce that junctions can generate harmonics up to frequencies as high as 8200 GHz. In consonance with this, submillimeter wave laser detection, harmonic generation, and mixing are demonstrated. These results suggest a model for the upper frequency limit of the Josephson effect.
Icosanoid production can be decreased without alterations in cellular arachidonate content or enzyme activities required for arachidonate release and icosanoid synthesis. (1988)

We have demonstrated that icosanoid production can be inhibited by altering the distribution of arachidonate within the cell, so that it is not released from phospholipids for icosanoid synthesis. This effect was observed in a prostaglandin E2-producing cell line (HSDM1C1) by deprivation of exogenous arachidonate for 24-48 h. Icosanoid production by the cells upon bradykinin stimulation was impaired despite no change in the concentration of arachidonate within the cell and no change in the activity of cyclooxygenase, phospholipases, acyltransferases, or fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase. Associated with the decline in prostaglandin E2 production was an increase in arachidonate incorporation into ethanolamine plasmalogens and a decrease in the activity of the enzyme arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase, which may play a role in compartmentation of arachidonate within the cell. Thus, we have found that a decrease in icosanoid production can be achieved without pharmacologic intervention by a short-term restriction of exogenous arachidonate which leads to redistribution of arachidonate within phospholipids and/or subcellular membranes in the cell.
Effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist MK-0679 on baseline pulmonary function in aspirin sensitive asthmatic subjects. (1993)

The findings indicate that ongoing leukotriene production may be one cause of persistent airway obstruction in aspirin sensitive asthmatic subjects and that they may benefit from treatment with a leukotriene receptor antagonist.
X-cube, an integrated bulk optic filtering device (2001)

We introduce a new integrated solid optics component, an X-cube, which can perform various lossless beamsplitting and filtering functions among four input beams. The X-cube can also be used for various coarse wavelength-division multiplexing-based communication and interconnection applications, such as star coupling, wavelength routing, and add/drop multiplexing. our demonstrated fiber-interfaced X-cube optomechanical packaging shows an insertion loss of 2.1 dB, a uniformity ratio of 1.036, with a uniformity variance of 0.279.
A methodology to analyse and simulate mechanical characteristics of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel (2012)

Abstract In the present work, the mechanical properties of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) ( PHEMA ) such as ultimate strength, ultimate strain and shear modulus under compression were measured. Mathematical models for hyperelastic materials, which are often used to study rubbers or tyres and include the Mooney–Rivlin and neo‐Hookean models, were also used to theoretically analyse mechanical nonlinear behaviour of the hydrogel. The simulations based on these models were then implemented and validated by analysis with experimental data for comparison. The accuracy of simulations using the two models was subsequently assessed and discussed in order to determine which model is a feasible representation and reflection of the true behaviour of the hydrogel. This study on the mechanical behaviour of PHEMA under compression stress will ultimately serve for optimization of the design and manufacture of multilayer microfluidic devices in terms of the distribution of pressure induced in the packaging process, since the implementation of thin PHEMA hydrogel free‐standing films is required to be incorporated with harder polymeric material components, such as thermoplastics or thermoset microfabricated platforms. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Flexible Access to Patient Data through e-Consent (2015)

The advances in healthcare and information technology are shifting more and more the ownership of data from medical institutions and doctors to individual citizens. However, since the medical information of an individual is con dential, the only basis for sharing it, is through prior informed consen
Regulation of Expression and Function of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DP4), DP8/9, and DP10 in Allergic Responses of the Lung in Rats (2007)

The expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4, CD26) affects T-cell recruitment to lungs in an experimental rat asthma model. Furthermore, the gene of the structural homologous DP10 represents a susceptibility locus for asthma in humans, and the functional homologous DP8/9 are expressed in human leukocytes. Thus, although several mechanisms may account for a role of DP4-like peptidases in asthma, detailed information on their anatomical sites of expression and function in lungs is lacking. Therefore, bronchi and lung parenchyma were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and histochemical/enzymatic activity assays, as well as quantitative real-time PCR for this family of peptidases in naïve and asthmatic rat lungs derived from wild-type F344 and DP4-deficient F344 rat strains. Surprisingly, results show not only that the induction of experimental asthma increases DP4 enzymatic activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and parenchyma, but also that DP8/9 enzymatic activity is regulated and, as well as the expression of DP10, primarily found in the bronchial epithelium of the airways. This is the first report showing a differential and site-specific DP4-like expression and function in the lungs, suggesting a pathophysiologically significant role in asthma.
Functional Organic Analogues of Zeolites Based on Metal–Organic Coordination Frameworks (1997)

New host–guest chemistry: Porous organic frameworks that enable reversible guest inclusion within their stable host framework (shown schematically below) are called organic zeolite analogues. They promise a new range of applications, for example as molecular sieves.
CHOOSING A METHOD FOR COUNTING SOFT BETAS (1961)

Methods are described for counting soft beta emission from gases, liquids, and solids. It is suggested that G-M tubes or proportional detectors be used for solids, ionization chambers or proportional detectors for gases, and scintillation methods for liquids. A comparison is given of the precisions, sensitivities, intensity limits, and costs of each of these types of instruments, for either C/sup 14/ or H/sup 3/ measurements. Counting with S/sup 35/ is discussed. (T.F.H.)
Some practical applications of immunological principles (1945)

General immunological principles appear to be of wide if not univeral application, and can be applied equally to the hyperimmunization of horses for the production of therapeutic sera, or to human immunization against diphtheria and tetanus. A wider knowledge of the results obtained in animals, chiefly guinea-pigs, rabbits and horses, can help in a better understanding of all that is involved in the immunization of children against diphtheria. The response of an animal to an antigenic stimulus depends almost entirely on its previous experience of that antigen. If it has had no previous experience, antibody is produced slowly and in small amounts. If it has had previous experience, a change occurs in its antibody-producing mechanism which enables it on further stimulation to produce anti-body more rapidly and in larger amounts. To produce this effect the early experience must be adequate and followed by a sufficient period of rest. It is shown that the normal antitoxic values of animals can give considerable information on their previous experience of antigen; that this information can be made use of in the hyperimmunization of horses; and that inadequate primary stimuli and failure to provide adequate rest may lead to the production of antitoxins of low value and poor quality. Two things are necessary for defence against toxins: circulating antitoxin and a high reactivity of the antibody-producing mechanism (potential immunity). Methods of immunization should be chosen so as to provide both these essentials.
Structural Peculiarities of Acid-fast Bacterial Lipids. (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural Peculiarities of Acid-fast Bacterial Lipids.R. J. AndersonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1941, 29, 2, 225–243Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60093a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60093a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of a novel NY‐ESO‐1 promiscuous helper epitope presented by multiple MHC class II molecules found frequently in the Japanese population (2007)

NY-ESO-1 is a cancer-testis antigen that elicits strong cellular and humoral immune responses against NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors. Although CD4(+) T cells play a critical role in inducing antitumor immunity, little is known about MHC class II-restricted helper epitopes of the NY-ESO-1 antigen compared with MHC class I-restricted epitopes. Here, we searched for new NY-ESO-1 helper epitopes presented by MHC class II molecules, especially those found frequently in the Japanese population. We established five NY-ESO-1-specific helper T-cell lines from healthy Japanese donors using NY-ESO-1 recombinant protein and peptide. Using MHC class II-specific antibodies and a panel of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines, it was demonstrated that four out of the five T-cell lines recognized a region within NY-ESO-1(119-143) in the context of HLA-DRB1*0802, DRB1*0901, DRB1*1502 or DRB1*0405/*0410. In addition, using a set of overlapping 15-mer synthetic peptides, we found that NY-ESO-1(122-138) was a promiscuous region that bound to four distinct HLA-DR molecules found in the Japanese population. These findings expand the usefulness of NY-ESO-1 as a tool for tumor vaccine therapy in eliciting NY-ESO-1-specific helper T-cell responses, especially in Japanese cancer patients.
An algebraic compression framework for query results (2002)

Decision-support applications in emerging environments require that SQL query results or intermediate results be shipped to clients for further analysis and presentation. These clients may use low bandwidth connections or have severe storage restrictions. Consequently, there is a need to compress the results of a query for efficient transfer and client-side access. This paper explores a variety of techniques that address this issue. Instead of using a fixed method, we choose a combination of compression methods that use statistical and semantic information of the query results to enhance the effect of compression. To represent such a combination, we present a framework of "compression plans" formed by composing primitive compression operators. We also present optimization algorithms that enumerate valid compression plans and choose an optimal plan. Our experiments show that our techniques achieve significant performance improvement over standard compression tools like WinZip.
Spontaneously Generating Life in Your Classroom? Pasteur, Spallanzani & Science Process (2001)

Research Article| May 01 2001 Spontaneously Generating Life in Your Classroom? Pasteur, Spallanzani & Science Process Scott Byington Scott Byington Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (2001) 63 (5): 340–345. https://doi.org/10.2307/4451121 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Scott Byington; Spontaneously Generating Life in Your Classroom? Pasteur, Spallanzani & Science Process. The American Biology Teacher 1 May 2001; 63 (5): 340–345. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4451121 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Fragment‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1‐Substituted‐indole‐2‐carboxylic Acids as Selective Mcl‐1 Inhibitors (2016)

Based on a known selective Mcl-1 inhibitor, 6-chloro-3-(3-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid, we applied a fragment-based approach to obtain new molecules that extended into the p1 pocket of the BH3 groove and then exhibited binding selectivity for the Mcl-1 over the Bcl-2 protein. After we deconstructed the 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid from the parental molecule, a benzenesulfonyl was substituted at the 1-position to adopt a geometry preferred for accessing the p1 pocket according to the binding mode of the parental molecule identified by X-ray crystallography. A linear relationship between the free energy of ligand binding (ΔG) and the count of non-hydrogen heavy atoms (HAC) was maintained during the molecular growing to occupy the p1 pocket. Finally, we not only obtained compound 12 with a 7.5-fold selectivity to Mcl-1 (K<sub>i</sub> = 0.48 µM by fluorescence polarization) over Bcl-2 (K<sub>i</sub> = 3.6 µM), but also provided evidence that additional occupation of the p1 pocket is more favorable for Mcl-1 than for Bcl-2 binding, and contributes more to Mcl-1 inhibition than occupation of the p2 pocket. Compound 12 exhibited a selective killing ability on Mcl-1-dependent cancer cells.
Properties of polyurethane anionomers: Lonization via bimolecular nucleophilic displacement of the urethane hydrogen (1984)

Abstract Two series of polyether polyurethane anionomers based on 4, 4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and polytetra-methylene oxide (PTMO) were synthesized and their properties investigated. Ionization proceeded via a bimolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction with sodium hydride, followed by a ring-opening reaction with γ-propane sultone. The lower hard segment content (20 wt% MDI) control material exhibited an initial one-phase morphology that underwent phase separation upon ionization, with subsequent development of hard segment ordering. These changes in morphology were accompanied by dramatic improvements in mechanical properties. The 38 wt% MDI control material possessed a two-phase morphology and well-developed hard segment ordering. Ionization disrupted the hard segment ordering and at low levels decreased the degree of phase separation. Further ionization led to reattainment of the original degree of phase separation and a marked improvement in mechanical strength. The differences in properties of the two series of materials are discussed and compared with properties of other polyurethane ionomers reported in the literature.
Novel exercise protocol suitable for use on a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer. (1990)

Many exercise protocols are in use in clinical cardiology, but no single test is applicable to the wide range of patients9 exercise capacity. A new protocol was devised that starts at a low workload and increases by 15% of the previous workload every minute. This is the first protocol to be based on exponential rather than linear increments in workload. The new protocol (standardised exponential exercise protocol, STEEP) is suitable for use on either a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer. This protocol was compared with standard protocols in 30 healthy male volunteers, each of whom performed four exercise tests: the STEEP treadmill and bicycle protocols, a modified Bruce treadmill protocol, and a 20 W/min bicycle protocol. During the two STEEP tests the subjects9 oxygen consumption rose gradually and exponentially and there was close agreement between the bicycle and the treadmill protocols. A higher proportion of subjects completed the treadmill than the bicycle protocol. Submaximal heart rates were slightly higher during the bicycle test. The STEEP protocol took less time than the modified Bruce treadmill protocol, which tended to produce plateaux in oxygen consumption during the early stages. The 20 W/min bicycle protocol does not take account of subjects9 body weight and consequently produced large intersubject variability in oxygen consumption. The STEEP protocol can be used on either a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer and it should be suitable for a wide range of patients.
Perfil funcional de pacientes portadores de seqüela de tuberculose de um hospital universitário (2006)

The early discovery and treatment of tuberculosis contribute to reduce the number of cases, as well as the incidence of tuberculosis sequelae, thereby improving the quality of life of tuberculosis patients. Further studies, involving longitudinal, sequential analysis and larger samples of patients with tuberculosis sequelae, should be conducted in referral centers in Brazil.