gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Sodium Ion Density in Molybdenum‐Gate MOS Devices with the Addition of Tantalum to Gate Electrodes (1985)

The reduction mechanism of mobile ion contamination in Ta‐Mo alloy gate MOS structures has been examined by varying the deposition and annealing conditions of gate metals. Mobile ion density in the gate for the Ta‐Mo gate structures decreases drastically after forming gas annealing at 1000°C, whereas the density increases during nitrogen gas annealing. The structure and composition analysis for the Ta‐Mo gate observed by x‐ray diffraction, SIMS, and AES indicates that nitriding of Ta‐Mo films occurs during the forming gas annealing, and the nitride, (tetragonal, structure), is stable even at 1000°C during annealing. These facts suggest that formation at the boundaries of Mo grains, which is similar to the stuffing effect observed in films, is responsible for immobilizing the sodium atoms within the gate electrodes. As a result, the diffusion of sodium from the gate electrode into the layers is suppressed.
Detection of Proximal Adenomatous Polyps With Screening Sigmoidoscopy (2003)

Distal adenomatous polyps, including diminutive distal adenomatous polyps, are associated with an increased prevalence of synchronous proximal neoplasia. Two percent to 5% of patients undergoing screening colonoscopy may have isolated advanced proximal neoplasia. Even more patients may have isolated nonadvanced proximal neoplasia.
Subscriber line interface circuit LSI fabricated using high-voltage CMOS/SIMOX technology (1983)

High-voltage buried-channel CMOS/SIMOX technology which is characterised with the existence of an electric-field-shielding layer formed by oxygen implanatation was applied to fabricate a BSH-LSI for a subscriber line interface circuit, providing three functions of battery feed, supervision and hybrid. In this CMOS BSH-LSI, a high breakdown voltage of higher than 60 V and a low breakdown voltage of 15 V were fabricated by the same process. This BSH-LSI showed a high level of performance during operation. The chip size and dissipation power of the BSH-LSI were reduced to approximately one-third and one-half, respectively, compared with a conventional BSH-LSI fabricated with bipolar technology.
Time domain analysis of vibration and acoustic noise in the switched reluctance drive (1993)

This paper describes the results of an extensive study into the production of acoustic noise and vibration in the switched reluctance motor drive. Time domain analysis has been used to draw conclusions about the effects of changing the operating parameters of the power electronic controller on the vibration and acoustic noise. Experimental results have been taken from a four phase switched reluctance motor drive with one, two or four phase excitation. The results of this time domain study reveal important information which would not be apparent from frequency spectra. The results can be used to derive control laws for the power electronic controller to reduce the acoustic noise and vibration produced by the motor.
A fast algorithm of designing minimum phase transducer and its application to SPUDT filter design (2004)

A fast algorithm for designing minimum phase digital FIR filters is applied to splitting the response of SAW filter between two transducers. Compared to the conventional zero-splitting algorithm, the new algorithm does not require calculation of any zeros, and is extremely easy to implement. Also, we will investigate the topic of zero splitting using numerical optimization (previous publications have used Z-transform based analytic approach). A few optimization-based splitting algorithms are proposed.
Neuronal activity enhances aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐mediated gene expression and dioxin neurotoxicity in cortical neurons (2007)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor activated by dioxin and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Recent studies have revealed that AhR activity in central neurons depends on the NMDA receptor. In this study, we investigated how the neuronal activity influence AhR-mediated dioxin-responsive gene expression and neurotoxicity. Our results show that activation of AhR by the selective agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced dioxin-responsive gene expression and calcium entry, which were attenuated by AhR small interfering RNA, the NMDA receptor channel blocker MK801, and the action potential blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX). In addition, AhR-mediated gene expression was enhanced in neurons during synaptogenesis (10 days in vitro) compared with younger neurons (4 days in vitro), as was sensitivity to TTX and MK801. Furthermore, TTX and MK801 differentially affected the association of AhR and its transcriptional co-activator cAMP-responsive-element binding protein with the cytochrome P450 1A1 (cyp1A1) gene enhancer. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, the cAMP-responsive-element binding protein activating enzyme, was also activated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in an activity-dependent manner. Finally, we found that neuronal susceptibility to dioxin insult was also maturation and activity-dependent. Together, the results suggest that neuronal activity may facilitate AhR-mediated calcium signaling, which in turn enhances AhR-mediated gene regulation and mediated maturation-dependent dioxin neurotoxicity.
Evolutionary Diversification of Plant Shikimate Kinase Gene Duplicates (2008)

Shikimate kinase (SK; EC 2.7.1.71) catalyzes the fifth reaction of the shikimate pathway, which directs carbon from the central metabolism pool to a broad range of secondary metabolites involved in plant development, growth, and stress responses. In this study, we demonstrate the role of plant SK gene duplicate evolution in the diversification of metabolic regulation and the acquisition of novel and physiologically essential function. Phylogenetic analysis of plant SK homologs resolves an orthologous cluster of plant SKs and two functionally distinct orthologous clusters. These previously undescribed genes, shikimate kinase-like 1 (SKL1) and -2 (SKL2), do not encode SK activity, are present in all major plant lineages, and apparently evolved under positive selection following SK gene duplication over 400 MYA. This is supported by functional assays using recombinant SK, SKL1, and SKL2 from Arabidopsis thaliana (At) and evolutionary analyses of the diversification of SK-catalytic and -substrate binding sites based on theoretical structure models. AtSKL1 mutants yield albino and novel variegated phenotypes, which indicate SKL1 is required for chloroplast biogenesis. Extant SKL2 sequences show a strong genetic signature of positive selection, which is enriched in a protein-protein interaction module not found in other SK homologs. We also report the first kinetic characterization of plant SKs and show that gene expression diversification among the AtSK inparalogs is correlated with developmental processes and stress responses. This study examines the functional diversification of ancient and recent plant SK gene duplicates and highlights the utility of SKs as scaffolds for functional innovation.
Modelling Residual Oil Saturation in Miscible and Immiscible Gas Floods By Use of Alpha-Factors (2011)

Abstract For miscible gas flooding, it has been documented that forcing a residual oil saturation Sorm is helpful to make the compositional simulations more realistic. Our recent experience is that this concept can be extended to near-miscible and even immiscible gas floods. For CO2 floods, we have found that preventing this residual oil saturation from being stripped by the gas corrects overestimation of the recovery factor in compositional simulation, even at pressures lower than the miscibility pressure. This residual oil saturation can be implemented with the use of Alpha-Factors (named also transport coefficients). Their physical meaning will be discussed, and also a way to generate them. Our method is to use an iterative process based on a PVT package, and analytical equations allowing to compute their endpoints are given. Also some limitations of the approach will be discussed, such as grid size dependence, a weak pressure dependence and a strong dependence on the injected gas composition.
Exploiting Asymmetric SIMD Register Configurations in ARM-to-x86 Dynamic Binary Translation (2017)

Processor manufacturers have adopted SIMD for decades because of its superior performance and power efficiency. The configurations of SIMD registers (i.e., the number and width) have evolved and diverged rapidly through various ISA extensions on different architectures. However, migrating legacy or proprietary applications optimized for one guest ISA to another host ISA that has fewer but longer SIMD registers through binary translation raises the issues of asymmetric SIMD register configurations. To date, these issues have been overlooked. As a result, only a small fraction of the potential performance gain is realized due to underutilization of the host's SIMD parallelism and register capacity.In this paper, we present a novel dynamic binary translation technique called spill-aware SLP (saSLP), which combines short ARMv8 NEON instructions and registers in the guest binary loops to fully utilize the x86 AVX host's parallelism as well as minimize register spilling. Our experiment results show that saSLP improves the performance by 1.6X (2.3X) across a number of benchmarks, and reduces spilling by 97% (99%) for ARMv8 NEON to x86 AVX2 (AVX-512) translation.
Mechanism of endotoxin desensitization: involvement of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta. (1995)

Tolerance of monocytes/macrophages to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) can be induced both in vivo and in vitro by LPS itself. Exposure to LPS, even at a very low dose, induces a downregulation of cytokine response to a second high dose LPS challenge. To learn more about the unknown mechanisms of this phenomenon, we studied the role of antiinflammatory cytokines in this process. Preculture of human peripheral blood monocytes for 24 hours with low concentrations of LPS induced hyporesponsiveness to high-dose LPS rechallenge with respect to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL) 10 but not IL-1RA production. These results suggest that LPS tolerance reflects a functional switch of monocytes rather than a general LPS hyporesponsiveness. IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 showed additive effects in replacing LPS for induction of LPS hyporesponsiveness in vitro. Additionally, neutralizing anti-IL-10 and anti-TGF-beta monoclonal antibodies prevented induction of LPS tolerance. In vitro induced LPS tolerance looks like the ex vivo LPS hyporesponsiveness of monocytes from septic patients with fatal outcome: downregulation of LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-10 production but not of IL-1RA secretion. LPS hyporesponsiveness in septic patients was preceded by expression of IL-10 at both the mRNA and protein level. In summary, our data suggests that IL-10 and TGF-beta mediate the phenomenon of LPS tolerance in vitro and perhaps in vivo (septic patients), too.
Modified silver staining for immobilized pH gradients (1992)

Silver development of gels containing an immobilized pH gradient has proved difficult so far because the bonded buffers (especially the tertiary amino acrylamido derivatives) tend to absorb silver ions with a resultant heavy background of increasing darkness from the anode to the cathode. We report a variant of silver staining in which thiosulfate is used twice: (i) prior to silver impregnation, at the millimolar level, to enhance sensitivity, and (ii) during development, at the micromolar level, to decrease the background.
An efficient voice activity detection algorithm by combining statistical model and energy detection (2011)

In this article, we present a new voice activity detection (VAD) algorithm that is based on statistical models and empirical rule-based energy detection algorithm. Specifically, it needs two steps to separate speech segments from background noise. For the first step, the VAD detects possible speech endpoints efficiently using the empirical rule-based energy detection algorithm. However, the possible endpoints are not accurate enough when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. Therefore, for the second step, we propose a new gaussian mixture model-based multiple-observation log likelihood ratio algorithm to align the endpoints to their optimal positions. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed VAD on both accuracy and efficiency. The results show that it could achieve better performance than the six referenced VADs in various noise scenarios.
Smart LED allocation scheme for efficient multiuser visible light communication networks (2015)

In a multiuser bidirectional visible light communication (VLC), a large number of LEDs or an LED array needs to be allocated in an efficient manner to ensure sustainable data rate and link quality. Moreover, in order to support an increasing or decreasing number of users in the network, the LED allocation is required to be performed dynamically. In this paper, a novel smart LED allocation scheme for efficient multiuser VLC networks is presented. The proposed scheme allocates RGB LEDs to multiple users in a dynamic and efficient fashion, while satisfying illumination requirements in an indoor environment. The smart LED array comprised of RGB LEDs is divided into sectors according to the location of the users. The allocated sectors then provide optical power concentration toward the users for efficient and reliable data transmission. An algorithm for the dynamic allocation of the LEDs is also presented. To verify its effective resource allocation feature of the proposed scheme, simulations were performed. It is found that the proposed smart LED allocation scheme provides the effect of optical beamforming toward individual users, thereby increasing the collective power concentration of the optical signals on the desirable users and resulting in significantly increased data rate, while ensuring sufficient illumination in a multiuser VLC environment.
Clinical Results of Cervical Laminoplasty. (1998)

Forty patients with cervical myelopathy due to spondylosis (CSM, n=20) and ossification of the posterior longitudial ligament (OPLL, n=20) underwent cervical laminoplasty using the modified Ito's method.The mean age at surgery was 64.1 years and the mean follow-up period was 37.6 months. Clinical results were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and the recovery rate was calculated according to Hirabayashi's method. The preoperative JOA score of CSM improved from 8.9 to 12.8 postoperatively and that of the OPLL group from 11.7 to 15.1. The average recovery rate was 48.0% in CSM and 59.3% in OPLL. Cervical alignment was classified into kyphosis (contains S and reverse S) and non-kyphosis (lordosis and straight). The average recovery rate of kyphosis was 43.5% in CSM and 32.0% in OPLL, while that for non-kyphosis was 50.0% in CSM and 67.5% in OPLL.There was no significant difference between the recovery rate of kyphotic OPLL and non kyphotic OPLL.
Development of an integral system test for image‐guided radiotherapy (2004)

An integral system test was developed to determine the precision and accuracy of an image-guided radiotherapy system involving an x-ray volumetric imaging device mounted onto the gantry of a medical linear accelerator. The test was designed to interrogate the system components as a whole without deconstructing the individual sources of error. The integral system test was based on the imaging of an unambiguous stationary object in the treatment position and so took no account of patient related errors. An array of micromosfets interspersed within slices of a tissue equivalent phantom was developed as an imaging test object. It has previously been demonstrated that micromosfets have a very small active volume, are clearly visible on CT images, and produce no significant artifacts. In addition, the active volume of the micromosfets can be accurately inferred radiographically via the use of x-ray volumetric imaging. X-ray volumetric imaging was performed with the object in the treatment position, then reconstructed and transferred to a treatment planning system. With the phantom remaining undisturbed in the treatment position a series of treatment fields were designed to produce a series of fields with the leaf edge sweeping across active volume of the micromosfets. The fields were delivered with a micro-MLC to dosimetrically verify the position of the mosfets and compare with dose values produced by the treatment planning system. It was demonstrated that the systematic gantry flex could be accounted for by the imaging and delivery systems. For the delivery system small changes in leaf positions of the micro-MLC were required to account for gantry flex. The position of the micromosfets determined by the 50% dose position was on average (0.15+/-0.13) mm away from the position determined radiographically for the x and y axes, and (1.0+/-0.14) mm for the z axis. This implies that a margin of approximately 0.2 mm in the axial plane and 1.0 mm in the superior-inferior plane would be required at the delineation stage to ensure coverage of a tumor volume to account purely for imprecision in the image-guided radiotherapy system. The integral system test demonstrated that the image-guided radiotherapy system is capable, in the absence of patient motion, of imaging an object in the treatment position and delivering dose to that object with submillimeter accuracy.
Ischemic stroke associated with anticardiolipin antibodies. (1987)

Anticardiolipin antibodies are a group of antiphospholipid autoantibodies seen primarily in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. We report 3 patients, 2 without systemic lupus, who suffered ischemic brain infarction associated with these antibodies in the absence of detectable lupus anticoagulant activity. Anticardiolipin antibodies, possibly associated with a lupus anticoagulant-like thrombotic tendency, may be a newly recognized cause of ischemic stroke.
Recombination of donor bound-excitons in germanium (1979)

The decay of the luminescence intensity associated with the LA-phonon-assisted recombination of free excitions in germanium is measured for samples with different donor concentrations. Simultaneously, the decay of the luminescence intensity originating from recombination of donor bound excitons is investigated. All measurements are carried out at temperatures where condensation into electron-hole droplets cannot be expected, i.e., above the critical temperature of 6.54 K. To exclude influences of electron-hole plasma the excitation power was also chosen low. The dependence of the experimental lifetimes on the arsenic donor concentration, as well as on the temperature, can be described by a system of equations including capture of free electrons into bound excitons and thermal dissociation of bound excitons into free excitons. The bound-exciton lifetime is determined to be 1.25 \ensuremath{\mu}sec in the As-donor case. Comparison of the experimental value to theoretical estimates of the exciton lifetimes leads to the conclusion that phonon-assisted Auger recombination must be a very effective channel for donor-bound-exciton decay.
Vertical Schottky barrier diodes on 3C-SiC grown on Si (2002)

Characteristics of vertical Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) fabricated on N/sup -N//sup +/ 3C-SiC grown on N/sup +/Si substrate are reported for the first time. The diodes exhibited a soft breakdown at /spl sim/85 V which, to the best of our knowledge is the highest reported breakdown voltage for 3C-SiC SBD's. The barrier height of the Pt Schottky contact was determined to be /spl sim/0.85 eV. The low forward voltage drop of as-deposited Pt SBD's (/spl sim/0.85 V at 100 A/cm/sup 2/) demonstrates that the N/sup +/SiC/N/sup +/Si heterojunction is highly conductive. The specific resistance of the heterojunction (R/sub on,HJ/) was experimentally measured and an upper bound of 8/spl times/10/sup -6/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ was obtained. R/sub on,HJ/ was also extracted by one dimensional numerical simulations to be /spl sim/8/spl times/10/sup -8/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/. These low values for R/sub on,HJ/ demonstrate that vertical power device structures are feasible on 3C-SiC grown on Si.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D virtual "smart home" user interface (2003)

In contrast to the rapid development of home automation equipment and 'smart home' capabilities, comparatively less attention has been paid to the development of comprehensive, comfortable and self-explaining user interfaces. This is acknowledged to be an important obstacle for the broad success of smart home ideas and products. In order to make home automation desirable and economically feasible, it is vital to improve the attractivity, intuitiveness and adaptivity of the user-home interaction taking advantage from modern information technologies such as Virtual Reality technology and downloadable hypertext documents. The user interface is augmented by the use of a virtual environment in conjunction with the physical environment adding information from different systems and sensors in the home, based on virtual environment activities. In this paper we describe a powerful graphical interface created with standard 3D programming tools to control and supervise the household. A number of features implemented in a prototype and implementation aspects will be described.
Electrophysiological Characterization of Cardiomyocytes Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS-CMs) hold great promise for development of in vitro research tools to assess cardiotoxicity, including QT prolongation. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the electrophysiological/pharmacological characteristics of hiPS-CMs using the patch-clamp technique. The hiPS cells were differentiated into beating cardiomyocytes by the embryoid body method. The expression of genes related to cardiac ion channels and differentiation markers in cardiomyocytes were detected by RT-PCR. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed using single hiPS-CMs dispersed from beating colonies. We confirmed voltage-dependence of major cardiac ion currents (I(Na), I(Ca), I(Kr), and I(Ks)) and pharmacological responses to ion-channel blockers. Action potential duration (APD) was prolonged by both I(Kr)/hERG and I(Ks) blockers, whereas it was shortened by an I(Ca) blocker, indicating that these ion current components contribute to action potential generation in hiPS-CMs. As for multiple ion channel blockers, terfenadine prolonged APD, but verapamil did not, results which were identical to clinically relevant pharmacological responses. These data suggest that patch-clamp assay using hiPS-CMs could be an accurate method of predicting the human cardiac responses to drug candidates. This study would be helpful in establishing an electrophysiological assay to assess the risk of drug-induced arrhythmia using hiPS-CMs.