gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 20 year independent record of sea surface temperature for climate from Along‐Track Scanning Radiometers (2012)

A new record of sea surface temperature (SST) for climate applications is described. This record provides independent corroboration of global variations estimated from SST measurements made in situ. Infrared imagery from Along‐Track Scanning Radiometers (ATSRs) is used to create a 20 year time series of SST at 0.1° latitude‐longitude resolution, in the ATSR Reprocessing for Climate (ARC) project. A very high degree of independence of in situ measurements is achieved via physics‐based techniques. Skin SST and SST estimated for 20 cm depth are provided, with grid cell uncertainty estimates. Comparison with in situ data sets establishes that ARC SSTs generally have bias of order 0.1 K or smaller. The precision of the ARC SSTs is 0.14 K during 2003 to 2009, from three‐way error analysis. Over the period 1994 to 2010, ARC SSTs are stable, with better than 95% confidence, to within 0.005 K yr −1 (demonstrated for tropical regions). The data set appears useful for cleanly quantifying interannual variability in SST and major SST anomalies. The ARC SST global anomaly time series is compared to the in situ‐based Hadley Centre SST data set version 3 (HadSST3). Within known uncertainties in bias adjustments applied to in situ measurements, the independent ARC record and HadSST3 present the same variations in global marine temperature since 1996. Since the in situ observing system evolved significantly in its mix of measurement platforms and techniques over this period, ARC SSTs provide an important corroboration that HadSST3 accurately represents recent variability and change in this essential climate variable.
Fractional Delay Filter Based on the B-Spline Transform (2007)

Fractional delay filters (FDFs) have a key role in communication systems. FDFs produce a delay that is a fraction of the sampling period. In this letter, we introduce a framework based on the B-spline interpolation and decimation procedure for design of the FDFs. The method generates precise fractional delays and is easy to implement in microprocessor and VLSI environments
Digitally-Multiplexed Nanoelectrospray Ionization Atmospheric Pressure Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2009)

One of the shortcomings of atmospheric pressure drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) is its intrinsically low duty cycle (approximately 0.04-1%) caused by the rapid pulsing of the ion gate (25-400 micros) followed by a comparatively long drift time (25-100 ms), which translates into a loss of sensitivity. Multiplexing approaches via Hadamard and Fourier-type gating techniques have been reported for increasing the sensitivity of DTIMS. Here, we report an extended multiplexing approach which encompasses arbitrary binary ion injection waveforms with variable duty cycles ranging from 0.5 to 50%. In this approach, ion mobility spectra can be collected using conventional signal averaging, arbitrary, standard Hadamard and/or "extended" Hadamard operation modes. Initial results indicate signal-to-noise gains ranging from 2-7-fold for both arbitrary and "extended" Hadamard sequences. Standard Hadamard transform IMS provided increased sensitivity, with gains ranging from 9-12-fold, however, mobility spectra suffered from defects that appeared as false peaks, which were reduced or eliminated when using arbitrary or "extended" Hadamard waveforms for multiplexing. Digital multiplexing enables variation of the duty cycle in a continuous manner, minimizing the contribution of imperfect modulation on spectral defects without the need for complex spectral correction methods. By reducing the frequency of gating events employed in the variable duty cycle sequences, the contributions of factors such as ion depletion prior to gating, interaction of successively injected ion packets, and the cumulative effect of imperfect gating events were mitigated.
Capacitive humidity sensor using a polyimide sensing film (2004)

This paper investigates novel isolation and patterning schemes to increase the sensitivity of a capacitive humidity sensor based on a polyimide sensitive layer. We obtained an optimum sensitivity of 23% using aluminum interdigitated electrodes with fingers of 1 /spl mu/m width separated by 1 /spl mu/m, deposited on a first insulating polyimide layer and covered by two more polyimide layers whose upper one features a regular array of holes to increase the active surface area. A mathematical model was developed to optimize its sensitivity regarding water absorption factor, electrodes design and ratio between active and parasitic capacitances. Its process was optimized to be fully compatible with usual CMOS-IC processes in order to finally be able to fabricate a humidity smart sensor.
Rheology of carboxymethyl cellulose with xanthan gum properties (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRheology of carboxymethyl cellulose with xanthan gum propertiesJ. G. WestraCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1, 367–370Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00191a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00191a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>In Vivo</i>Stimulation of Endosteal Bone Formation by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Rats (1993)

Intravenous administration of human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for 2 weeks stimulated osteoblast proliferation and new bone formation in various skeletal bones in young and aged rats at dosage levels of 0.1 mg/kg/day and greater. Morphometry of the soft X-ray radiograms of cross sections of the tibia indicated about a 20% increase in the calcified bone area of the diaphysis at 0.1 mg/kg/day. The Ca and hydroxyproline contents showed statistically significant increases at this dosage. The new bone formation was found only on the endosteal side, and no periosteal bone formation was found. Similar systemic osteogenic potential was seen after intravenous administration of other growth factors of the FGF family, human acidic FGF and human heparin-binding secretory transforming protein-1. The above results suggest a potential therapeutic role for these growth factors in bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
Formation of polypropylene/stearic acid fibers (2011)

Abstract Polypropylene/stearic acid fibers were produced in laboratory conditions from hot homogenous blends. After formation, as‐spun fibers were treated in potassium hydroxide and rinsed in water. Supermolecular structure and morphology of fibers were investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, FTIR, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) methods. It was stated that by fibers' formation, thermally induced phase separation takes place. Polypropylene starts to crystallize, while liquid stearic acid is expelled out and forms drops wrapped in polymer matrix. As a result of the crystallization inside fibers the structure with high content of mesophase is formed. During crystallization, interactions between stearic acid and polypropylene are observed. As a result of alkali treatment and rinsing, drops of stearic acid are partially removed. After removal of the stearic acid from the fibers, the porous structure is formed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A world profile of environment and population. United States [and] world. (1998)

The US's 1997 population of 267.7 million is projected to grow at the annual rate of 0.9% to 335.1 million in 2025. The average woman in the US has 2.0 children over the course of her reproductive lifetime, there are 7.2 infant deaths per 1000 live births, and male and female life expectancies are 73 and 79 years, respectively. 75% of the US population lives in urban areas and, overall, there are 76 inhabitants per sq. mile. 10% of US land is protected and 1994 per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was US$26,434. The world's 1997 population of 5840 million is projected to grow at the annual rate of 1.5% to 8036 million in 2025. The average woman has 3.0 children over the course of her reproductive lifetime, there are 59 infant deaths per 1000 live births, and male and female life expectancies are 64 and 68 years, respectively. 43% of the population lives in urban areas and, overall, there are 116 inhabitants per square mile. 7% of the world's land is protected and 1995 per capita GDP was US$4909. Levels of water, energy, and cropland use, as well as demographic trends, natural resources and wildlife issues, and socioeconomic factors are described for both the US and the world.
Predictive Iterated Kalman Filter for INS/GPS Integration and Its Application to SAR Motion Compensation (2009)

This paper deals with the problem of state estimation for the integration of an inertial navigation system (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). For a nonlinear system that has the model error and white Gaussian noise, a predictive filter (PF) is used to estimate the model error, and based on this, a modified iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF) is proposed and is called predictive iterated Kalman filter (PIKF). The basic idea of the PIKF is to compensate the state estimate by the estimated model error. An INS/GPS integration system is implemented using the PIKF and applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) motion compensation. Through flight tests, it is shown that the PIKF has an obvious accuracy advantage over the IEKF and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) in velocity.
181 Diaspirin Cross-linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb™): Phase I Clinical Safety Assessment in Normal Healthy Volunteers (1993)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
A real-time system for capturing HDR videos (2012)

We present a system that is capable of capturing, processing and displaying High Dynamic Range (HDR) videos at 23 frames per second. For each frame in the video, a sequence of regular images is captured in quick succession at optimally chosen shutter speeds. Intermediate camera motion is compensated and the images are combined into an HDR frame which is tone mapped for display. Our system makes use of novel algorithms that are fast enough for processing the frames in real-time. The most time-consuming operations are parallelized and executed on a graphics card for a speed-up of 15 to 1 over the sequential version.
APPLICABILITY OF CONVENTIONAL PROTECTIVE COATINGS TO REACTOR CONTAINMENT BUILDINGS. (1968)

MY Ilnbllluee wltb respect to tho w e of, or for dnmngen r e a u l w I m m tbe use of MY Informouoo, nppnmDus.metbod.or proeesa dleoloaed In thl hl a rewrt.As wed In Lho a v o ."arson ocung on behoUal tbo Commlsslon" lncludea m y employco or contmctor of tbo Commlealon.or employee of such conuastor, to tbs ellent thnt s u b employee or contractor of tho Commleslon.or employes of snsh conuactor prapnrea.dlssemlnntee, or provides n C 0 E m lo, m y Informnuon prrsllnnt to U s Employmml or coatmet
Constructing Concept Lexica With Small Semantic Gaps (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In recent years, constructing mathematical models for visual concepts by using content features, i.e., color, texture, shape, or local features, has led to the fast development of concept-based multimedia retrieval. In concept-based multimedia retrieval, defining a good lexicon of high-level concepts is the first and important step. However, which concepts should be used for data collection and model construction is still an open question. People agree that concepts that can be easily described by low-level visual features can construct a good lexicon. These concepts are called concepts with small semantic gaps. Unfortunately, there is very little research found on semantic gap analysis and on automatically choosing multimedia concepts with small semantic gaps, even though differences of semantic gaps among concepts are well worth investigating. </para>
cw femtosecond pulses tunable in the near- and midinfrared (1991)

Continuous tuning of a cw femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is demonstrated from 0.755–1.04 μm for the signal branch, and from 1.5–3.2 μm for the idler branch, covering most of the potential tuning range of the device. Transform-limited pulses under 120 fs in duration are found throughout the signal tuning, and idler pulsewidth measurements suggest pulses of less than 215 fs should be possible throughout the idler tuning. These results have been achieved using a new walkoff compensation scheme in the OPO. Preliminary results of transmission correlation measurements of carrier relaxation in InGaAs are presented using the parametric oscillator as a tunable excitation source.
Notch3 in Development, Health and Disease (2020)

Notch3 is one of four mammalian Notch proteins, which act as signalling receptors to control cell fate in many developmental and adult tissue contexts. Notch signalling continues to be important in the adult organism for tissue maintenance and renewal and mis-regulation of Notch is involved in many diseases. Genetic studies have shown that <i>Notch3</i> gene knockouts are viable and have limited developmental defects, focussed mostly on defects in the arterial smooth muscle cell lineage. Additional studies have revealed overlapping roles for Notch3 with other Notch proteins, which widen the range of developmental functions. In the adult, Notch3, in collaboration with other Notch proteins, is involved in stem cell regulation in different tissues in stem cell regulation in different tissues, and it also controls the plasticity of the vascular smooth muscle phenotype involved in arterial vessel remodelling. Overexpression, gene amplification and mis-activation of Notch3 are associated with different cancers, in particular triple negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Mutations of Notch3 are associated with a dominantly inherited disease CADASIL (cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy), and there is further evidence linking Notch3 misregulation to hypertensive disease. Here we discuss the distinctive roles of Notch3 in development, health and disease, different views as to the underlying mechanisms of its activation and misregulation in different contexts and potential for therapeutic intervention.
Inhibition of heterotopic osteogenesis in rats by a new bioerodible system for local delivery of indomethacin. (1992)

A study was done to evaluate the effect of a system for the local delivery of indomethacin on demineralized bone-induced formation of heterotopic bone in the abdominal muscles of rats. Two separate investigations were conducted on a total of forty-eight Wistar rats. In both series, two types of implants were used: polyorthoester and demineralized bone (Group A, the control group) and polyorthoester with 5 per cent indomethacin and demineralized bone (Group B, the experimental group). In the first series, host-tissue responses and osteoinduction were evaluated histologically at two, three, and four weeks after the implantation. In the second series, the formation of bone was quantified on the basis of uptake of 85Sr at four weeks after the implantation. The polyorthoester system for the local delivery of indomethacin significantly inhibited demineralized bone-induced heterotopic formation of bone, as demonstrated by light microscopy and by uptake of 85Sr. The polyorthoester, with or without the drug, caused little tissue reaction and was resorbed almost completely at four weeks.
Observation of multiple Andreev reflections in superconducting tunnel junctions (1994)

We describe measurements on high-current-density Nb-${\mathrm{AlO}}_{\mathit{x}}$-Nb tunnel junctions and demonstrate that the development of excess subgap current with increasing barrier transparency is the result of multiple Andreev reflections. We present a model for the barrier consistent with measured junction resistance, the high transparency required for multiple traversals, and the observed single-particle and Josephson characteristics. We argue that excess subgap current and subharmonic gap structure in superconducting tunnel junctions are generally likely to be due to pinhole defects in the barriers.
Edge Transformations for Improving Mesh Quality of Marching Cubes (2008)

Marching Cubes is a popular choice for isosurface extraction from regular grids due to its simplicity, robustness, and efficiency. One of the key shortcomings of this approach is the quality of the resulting meshes, which tend to have many poorly shaped and degenerate triangles. This issue is often addressed through post processing operations such as smoothing. As we demonstrate in experiments with several datasets, while these improve the mesh, they do not remove all degeneracies, and incur an increased and unbounded error between the resulting mesh and the original isosurface. Rather than modifying the resulting mesh, we propose a method to modify the grid on which Marching Cubes operates. This modification greatly increases the quality of the extracted mesh. In our experiments, our method did not create a single degenerate triangle, unlike any other method we experimented with. Our method incurs minimal computational overhead, requiring at most twice the execution time of the original Marching Cubes algorithm in our experiments. Most importantly, it can be readily integrated in existing Marching Cubes implementations, and is orthogonal to many Marching Cubes enhancements (particularly, performance enhancements such as out-of-core and acceleration structures).
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of etanercept using logistic regression analysis (2003)

The population pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that etanercept is slowly absorbed and eliminated after subcutaneous administration. The logistic model linking cumulative AUC with ACR20 adequately characterized the time course of clinical improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving etanercept.
Parathyroid hormone‐related peptide and the hair cycle – is it the agonists or the antagonists that cause hair growth? (2014)

While the effects of PTHrP have been studied for almost 20 years, most of these studies have focused on effects on the termination of the anagen phase, giving an incomplete picture of the overall effect of PTHrP on the hair cycle. PTHrP was determined in several experimental models to promote transition of hair follicles from anagen to catagen phase, which by itself would suggest that PTHrP blockade might prolong the anagen phase and promote hair growth. However, clinical trials with topically applied PTHrP antagonists have been disappointing, leading to a reconsideration of this model. Additional studies performed in mouse models where hair follicles are damaged (alopecia areata, chemotherapy-induced alopecia) suggest that PTHrP has effects early in the hair cycle as well, promoting hair follicles' entry into anagen phase and initiates the hair cycle. While the mechanism of this has yet to be elucidated, it may involve activation of the Wnt pathway. Thus, the overall effect of PTHrP is to stimulate and accelerate the hair cycle, and in the more clinically relevant models of hair loss where hair follicles have been damaged or become quiescent, it is the agonists, not the antagonists, which would be expected to promote hair growth.
Polymerisation von Äthylen und anderen Olefinen (1955)

Angewandte ChemieVolume 67, Issue 16 p. 426-426 Zuschriften Polymerisation von Äthylen und anderen Olefinen Prof. Dr. Karl Ziegler, Prof. Dr. Karl Ziegler Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Mülheim-RuhrSearch for more papers by this authorDr. E. Holzkamp, Dr. E. Holzkamp Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Mülheim-RuhrSearch for more papers by this authorDr. H. Breil, Dr. H. Breil Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Mülheim-RuhrSearch for more papers by this authorDr. H. Martin, Dr. H. Martin Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Mülheim-Ruhr Meine Mitarbeiter sind in der Reihenfolge ihrer Mitwirkung an der Arbeit genannt. K. Ziegler.Search for more papers by this author Prof. Dr. Karl Ziegler, Prof. Dr. Karl Ziegler Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Mülheim-RuhrSearch for more papers by this authorDr. E. Holzkamp, Dr. E. Holzkamp Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Mülheim-RuhrSearch for more papers by this authorDr. H. Breil, Dr. H. Breil Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Mülheim-RuhrSearch for more papers by this authorDr. H. Martin, Dr. H. Martin Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Mülheim-Ruhr Meine Mitarbeiter sind in der Reihenfolge ihrer Mitwirkung an der Arbeit genannt. K. Ziegler.Search for more papers by this author First published: 21. August 1955 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19550671610Citations: 247 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionAdd to favorites ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume67, Issue1621. August 1955Pages 426-426 This is the German version of Angewandte Chemie. Note for articles published since 1962: Do not cite this version alone. Take me to the International Edition version with citable page numbers, DOI, and citation export. We apologize for the inconvenience. RelatedInformation
Cellular and Molecular Biology (2016)

This study aims to explore clinical significance of HBV rt181 mutation. Serum samples were collected from 226 CHB patients with no anti-viral treatment, and 72 patients with adefovir dipivoxil treatment over 1 year. HBV genes of reverse transcriptase regions were amplified by nested PCR. HBV DNA in pre-S/S regions sequences were determined by sequencing. Mutations in HBV were characterized by mutational analysis. Results indicated that resistant mutation was found in 16 samples (7.08%) with no anti-viral treatment. It showed higher prevalence in patients with adefovir dipivoxil treated samples 30/72(41.67%). Mutation sites of pre-existing and adefovir dipivoxil induced resistance were different (adefovir dipivoxil induced resistance mode is rtA181T/V, and pre-existing mode is the other). Resistance mutation was found just in genotype C patients. Among 25 containing rtA181T/V mutation patients, 7 rtA181T mutation cases with sW172L, 6 rtA181T mutation cases with sW172*, 12 rtA181Vmutation cases with sL173F. In conclusion, mutation sites of pre-existing and adefovir dipivoxil induced resistance were different. HBV genotype C is prone to occur resistance mutation than genotype B. rtA181T mutation was accompanied with not only sW172 * mutation, but also sW172L mutation, rtA181V mutation was accompanied with sL173F mutation or Pre-S2 initiation codon to termination mutation.