gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction Circuit for HB LED Driver (2008)

High brightness light emitting diodes (HB LEDs) are likely to be used for general lighting applications due to their high efficiency and longer life. The paper presents a quasi-active power factor corrector (PFC) for driving a string of HB LEDs. The single-stage PFC circuit has a high efficiency, and it does not increase the voltage/current stress on the active switch used in the switching converter due to PFC. The circuit has two operating modes based on the input voltage level and its features, like power factor correction and power balance, are explained. The experimental results obtained on a prototype converter along with waveforms are presented.
Imaging of the anterior cruciate ligament (2011)

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important structure in maintaining the normal biomechanics of the knee and is the most commonly injured knee ligament. However, the oblique course of the ACL within the intercondylar fossa limits the visualization and assessment of the pathology of the ligament. This pictorial essay provides a comprehensive and illustrative review of the anatomy and biomechanics as well as updated information on different modalities of radiological investigation of ACL, particularly magnetic resonance imaging.
Distraction Osteogenesis in the Irradiated Canine Mandible (1994)

The potential use of distraction osteogenesis in mandibular reconstruction has been limited by its questionable efficacy in previously radiated bone. We studied five mongrel dogs that had a hemimandible rendered edentulous and underwent a full course of external beam radiation therapy (50 Gy/20 fractions). Six months after completion of radiotherapy, a 2-cm critical-size segmental mandibular defect was created and stabilized with a stainless steel plate. A proximal mandibular transport segment was then formed and an external lengthening apparatus (Orthofix) applied. By means of bifocal distraction osteogenesis, the defects were filled with new bone in a period of 30 days in four of five dogs. Histologic analysis and fluorochrome microscopy confirmed the formation of new cortical bone. Our results suggest that distraction osteogenesis is successful in previously radiated bone and that it may be a simple method of mandibular reconstruction following ablative head and neck surgery.
Aren't there two parties in an employment relationship? Antecedents and consequences of organization–employee agreement on contract obligations and violations (2003)

Abstract Past studies have paid little attention to an organization's perspective on reciprocal obligations in the employment relationship, despite its importance to overall satisfaction and the survival of the relationship. This study assesses parties' levels of agreement on the reciprocal obligations of the psychological contract, and their consequences on parties' perceptions of contract violations. Furthermore, the study examines subsequent reactions of both parties to perceived violations. Results indicate that managers and employees tend to disagree on the employee's obligations and violations of the contract but not on the organization's obligations and violations. More importantly, results from multivariate regression analyses indicate that employee tenure with the manager and leader–member exchange (LMX) as reported by the manager were positively related to agreement on employees' obligations. Agreement on employees' obligations was related to perceptions of violation by the manager, but in a direction opposite to that hypothesized. Both managers' perceptions of employee violations and employees' perceptions of organization violations were related to employee outcomes assessed by the managers and the employees. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review on Use of Fillers in Cellulosic Paper for Functional Applications (2010)

In this review paper, the use of inorganic fillers in cellulosic paper with some unique functions, such as magnetic, photocatalytic, flame retardant, antibacterial, deodorizing, electrically conductive, and thermal buffering properties, is highlighted. Notably, fillers and cellulosic pulp fibers can sometimes exhibit synergic effects on special applications, such as photocatalysis. The methods associated with the use of fillers can include direct wet end addition, lumen loading, in situ synthesis of filler particles in the presence of cellulosic pulp fibers, formation of fiber/filler composites, and surface filling. Also, regardless of the end uses of the paper products, the general methods for modifying fillers or the papers with fillers can reasonably include nanoengineering, chemical modification, surface encapsulation, mechanical modification, and formation of filler-based composites, etc. The use of cellulosic fibers as carriers of these inorganic fillers for specific functions can create more opportunities for using abundant cellulosic fiber material.
Electrodeless high-pressure microwave discharges (1990)

A one-dimensional numerical model has been developed to describe a cylindrical high-pressure mercury plasma sustained by microwave energy within a cavity applicator by solving Maxwell’s equations together with the energy balance equation. The mercury line radiation has been taken into account for the energy balance by solving the radiation transfer equation for all significant wavelengths. An experimental microwave circuit for the frequency range of 2–4 GHz (S band) has been designed to guarantee stable discharge operation. Coupling efficiencies &gt;99% into the microwave cavity can always be achieved with proper adjustments. Variation of discharge parameters leads to different types of temperature distributions including profiles with a local minimum in the axis. The temperature distributions predicted by the model are in good agreement with results from spectroscopic experiments.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Performance of Direct Filtration (1987)

The effects of selected initial conditions and operating parameters on the direct filtration process are evaluated by using a synthetic water/benchscale apparatus. An orthogonal design of the controlled experimental conditions was used so that the contribution of each controlled variable could be distinguished. The effects of the specific alum doses selected for evaluation on process performance were much greater than the effects of initial water quality conditions or operational/pretreatment parameters. It was found that, when operating near the optimum regions of charge neutralization or aluminum hydroxide precipitation removal mechanisms, the influence of the variables examined was significantly reduced. The results also suggest the existence of a fraction of aquatic organic matter in raw water sources which is not amenable to removal by direct filtration using alum coagulation.
Transmission, photoconductivity, and the experimental band gap of thermally grown Si<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films (1979)

Optical transmission and photoconductivity spectra (7-14 eV) and the field dependence of photoconductivity are presented for thermally grown (amorphous) Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ films. It is argued that the clearest experimental determination of the band gap in Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ can be obtained from the field dependence of photoconductivity and its similarity to internal photoemission; a band gap of 9.3 eV for amorphous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is deduced from the data. In view of this result some recent experimental band-gap determinations are criticized and the literature on this subject is examined. The transmission experiments were performed on thin thermally grown (amorphous) Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ films (450-5000 \AA{}) produced by etching off the silicon substrate and using a fabrication method which is described in detail. The photoconductivity measurements were performed on Al-Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-Si structures (Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$: 600-3500 \AA{}). Diode experiments for detecting photoluminescence and possibly excitons are also described. The upper limit on photoluminescence yield was determined as \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$.
A broadband antireflection coating for enhanced holographic recording and readout in bismuth silicon oxide (1997)

We demonstrate a high-quality double-layer antireflection coating for high index (n=2.61 at 514 nm) photorefractive and electro-optic bismuth silicon oxide (Bi12SiO20) crystals. The antireflection coating comprises two electron-beam-deposited quarter-wave dielectric layers of MgF2 and ZrO2, and increases the beam throughput by as much as 20% per interface at normal incidence. For holographic recording applications, the antireflection coating eliminates multiple internal reflections that produce extraneous gratings. The combination of these two factors significantly increases the diffraction efficiency and the two-beam coupling gain. Key characteristics of the double-layer coating include a broadband minimum that encompasses typical write and read wavelengths for Bi12SiO20 with normal-incidence reflectivities of less than 0.2% at 514 nm and 1% at 633 nm, respectively, and a forgiving angular dispersion for both TE and TM polarized waves with reflectivities of less than 2% for angles of incidence up to 45°.
Glucose Regulates the Expression of the Farnesoid X Receptor in Liver (2004)

An increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and gallbladder disease occurs in patients with diabetes or insulin resistance. Hypertriglyceridemia is positively associated to gall bladder disease risk. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid-activated nuclear receptor that plays a key role in bile acid and triglyceride homeostasis. The mechanisms controlling FXR gene expression are poorly understood. This study evaluated whether FXR gene expression is regulated by alterations in glucose homeostasis. FXR expression was decreased in livers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and normalized upon insulin supplementation. Concomitantly with diabetes progression, FXR expression also decreased in aging diabetic Zucker rats. In primary rat hepatocytes, D-glucose increased FXR mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas insulin counteracted this effect. Addition of xylitol, a precursor of xylulose-5-phosphate, to primary rat hepatocytes increased FXR expression to a comparable level as D-glucose. Finally, expression of the FXR target genes, SHP and apolipoprotein C-III, were additively regulated by D-glucose and FXR ligands. This study demonstrates that FXR is decreased in animal models of diabetes. In addition, FXR is regulated by glucose likely via the pentose phosphate pathway. Dysregulation of FXR expression may contribute to alterations in lipid and bile acid metabolism in patients with diabetes or insulin resistance.
Interplay between local oscillator phase noise and electrical chromatic dispersion compensation in digital coherent transmission system (2010)

We demonstrate that the interplay between local oscillator phase noise and electrical chromatic dispersion compensation induces timing jitter as well as intensity noise. The interplay is investigated in 3000 km-long transmission (accumulated dispersion of 47,000 ps/nm) without optical dispersion compensation.
Noninteractive Automated Names Placement for the 1990 Decennial Census (1990)

The mapping software for the 1990 decennial census makes use of procedural algorithms for the automated placement of text. These algorithms are constrained in practice by the Census Bureau's unusual problem of having to produce large-scale maps with a large number of text elements on a nationwide basis. The ideas of previous researchers were implemented in the current algorithms; however, implementation was restricted by the pressing deadlines of map production and the limits of computer processing time. No interactive placement of text is allowed. Cartographic conventions on text placement serve as guidelines for the automated placement of names. The result is an effective names-placement system that is capable of positioning text for point, linear, and areal features and resolving text placement conflict without the need for human intervention.
Sichere Brunsterkennung mit sensorgestützten ALT-Pedometern (2015)

Die kontinuierliche Erfassung von Tierdaten ist eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für das Herdenmanagement von Milchkühen. Pedometer, die am Fußgelenk der Tiere befestigt sind, dienen der Aktivitätsmessung und spielen eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Brunsterkennung und Beurteilung der Tiergesundheit. Das vorgestellte neue Pedometersystem kann drei Parameter messen: die Aktivität, die Liegedauer und die Außentemperatur am Fußgelenk.
CXVII.—New syntheses of thioxanthone and its derivatives (1910)

THE experiments described in this paper were the outcome of a desire to study certain of the oxidat.ion products of thioxanthene ; but with t.his object in view it was necessary to obtain a considerable quantity of that substance. The preparation of thioxanthene by the method hitherto followed is somewhat tedious, since it involves the isolation of certain intermediate products, and the yield obtained leaves much room for improvement in the process. This synthesis of thioxanthene was devised by Graebe and Schulthess (AnnuZen, 1891, 263, 1); it consists in the removal of the elements of water from o-phenylthiolbenzoic acid, C,H,*S*C,H,*CO,H, by means of hot sulphuric acid. The yields of thioxanthone obtained from this reaction are good, but the crucial point of the synthesis is the production of the carboxylic acid. Graebe and Schulthess (Zoc. c i t . ) prepared the latter substance by the interaction of phenyl mercaptan and the o-diazonium chloride of benzoic acid in alkaline solution; but since the introduction of o-thiolbenzoic acid as a cheap commercial product (Kalle & Co., D.R.-P. 205450 of 1908), F. Mayer (Ber., 1909, 42, 1134) has improved Graebe and Schulthess's process by heating the methyl ester of this acid with sodium ethoxide, bromobenzene, and copper powder to 160 for four hours. The yield of o-phenylthiolbenzoic acid obtained by this method was about 50 per cent.
High-speed circuits employing on-chip magnetic components (2003)

On-chip magnetic films deposited atop a conventional silicon integrated circuit can enable numerous new high performance circuit applications such as high speed interface and isolation circuits, trimmed and alterable analog components and nonvolatile memory without wear-out. High-Q, high value on-chip inductors are also possible through the use of high magnetic permeability on-chip films. Characteristics of these magnetic films, various circuit details and experimental results are described in this paper.
Antibodies against multiple merozoite surface antigens of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum inhibit parasite maturation and red blood cell invasion (2010)

The findings reported provide further support for the development of vaccines based on MSP-1/6/7 and AMA-1, which would possibly include a combination of these antigens.
[Effect of DL-butylphthalide (NBP) on mouse brain energy metabolism in complete brain ischemia induced by decapitation]. (1995)

The effects of NBP on gasping and brain energy metabolism after complete brain ischemia in mice subjected to decapitation were investigated. The levels of ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and lactate were determined by the method of Lowry. The data indicated that NBP at 112.5 or 250 mg.kg-1 sc can significantly prolong the duration of gasping and at the dose of 150 or 200 mg.kg-1 sc reduce the level of lactate and increase the levels of ATP and PCr after complete brain ischemia. The results suggest that NBP may have brain protective action and improve ischemic brain energy metabolism.
Generative constraint-based configuration of large technical systems (1998)

This paper describes the technical principles and representation behind the constraint-based, automated configurator COCOS. Traditionally, representation methods for technical configuration have focused either on reasoning about structure of systems or quantity of components, which is not satisfactory in many target areas that need both. Starting from general requirements on configuration systems, we have developed an extension of the standard CSP model. The constraint-based approach allows a simple system architecture, and a declarative description of the different types of configuration knowledge. Knowledge bases are described in terms of a component-centered knowledge base written in an object-oriented representation language with semantics directly based on the underlying constraint model. The approach combines a simple, declarative representation with the ability to configure large-scale systems and is in use for actual production applications.
Utility of phosphonium-substituted ester enolates as synthetic intermediates. A novel trialkylphosphine-catalyzed [3,3] rearrangement of allylic acrylates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUtility of phosphonium-substituted ester enolates as synthetic intermediates. A novel trialkylphosphine-catalyzed [3,3] rearrangement of allylic acrylatesTakeshi Hanamoto, Yoshiyasu Baba, and Junji InanagaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 2, 299–300Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00054a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (203 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Response of Test House to Vibroseis Vibrations and Environmental Forces (2005)

In response to public concerns about the damage potential of vibroseis vibrations, Fina Oil and Chemical Company (now ATOFina Petrochemicals) sponsored a full-scale testing of a typical residential dwelling. The test house was vibrated by four vibroseis trucks on both soil and asphalt surfaces at declining separation distances. Ultimately, the vibrators were only 13 feet from the front porch and 10 feet from the front sidewalk. Peak particle velocities of the ground motions were about 1 in/s at the house foundation. No damage to the house of any kind was produced by these vibrations, even though the vibrators were operating at 90% maximum output. Tests were also conducted away from the house to explore the vibration intensities and attenuation characteristics of the ground motions generated. The resulting vibrations were compared to previous work and found to be consistent with those results (Oriard, 1994). Changes in crack width and associated weather-induced changes in temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors were recorded every two hours for one year. Environmental effects are known to produce larger crack responses than vibrations that conform to common standards and regulated limits. That fact was demonstrated again in this case.
Structure of a Light-Activated LOV Protein Dimer That Regulates Transcription (2011)

Light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) protein domains are present in many signaling proteins in bacteria, archaea, protists, plants, and fungi. The LOV protein VIVID (VVD) of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa enables the organism to adapt to constant or increasing amounts of light and facilitates proper entrainment of circadian rhythms. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the fully light-adapted VVD dimer and reveal the mechanism by which light-driven conformational change alters the oligomeric state of the protein. Light-induced formation of a cysteinyl-flavin adduct generated a new hydrogen bond network that released the amino (N) terminus from the protein core and restructured an acceptor pocket for binding of the N terminus on the opposite subunit of the dimer. Substitution of residues critical for the switch between the monomeric and the dimeric states of the protein had profound effects on light adaptation in Neurospora. The mechanism of dimerization of VVD provides molecular details that explain how members of a large family of photoreceptors convert light responses to alterations in protein-protein interactions.
Cetuximab Augments Cytotoxicity with Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition in Head and Neck Cancer (2011)

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a hallmark of head and neck cancers and confers increased resistance and inferior survival rates. Despite targeted agents against EGFR, such as cetuximab (C225), almost half of treated patients fail this therapy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have gained recent attention due to their unique selectivity in killing tumors with defective DNA repair. In this study, we demonstrate that C225 enhances cytotoxicity with the PARPi ABT-888 in UM-SCC1, UM-SCC6, and FaDu head and neck cancer cells. The mechanism of increased susceptibility to C225 and PARPi involves C225-mediated reduction of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)- and homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, the subsequent persistence of DNA damage, and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. By generating a DSB repair deficiency, C225 can render head and neck tumor cells susceptible to PARP inhibition. The combination of C225 and the PARPi ABT-888 can thus be an innovative treatment strategy to potentially improve outcomes in head and neck cancer patients. Furthermore, this strategy may also be feasible for other EGFR overexpressing tumors, including lung and brain cancers.
Role of toll-like receptors in tissue repair and tumorigenesis (2008)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in host defense from microbial infection. TLRs recognize conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms and induce activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The inflammatory responses induced by TLRs play an important role TLRs not only in host defense from infection, but also in tissue repair and regeneration. This latter function of TLRs can also contribute to tumorigenesis. Here we review recent progress in understanding the role of TLRs in cancer development.