gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Condition Monitoring and ault Diagnosis in Wind Energy Conversion Systems: A Review (2007)

There is a constant need for the reduction of operational and maintenance costs of wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The most efficient way of reducing these costs would be to continuously monitor the condition of these systems. This allows for early detection of the degeneration of the generator health, facilitating a proactive response, minimizing downtime, and maximizing productivity. Wind generators are also inaccessible since they are situated on extremely high towers, which are normally 20 m or greater in height. There are also plans to increase the number of offshore sites increasing the need for a remote means of WECS monitoring that eliminates some of the difficulties faced due to accessibility problems. Therefore and due to the importance of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in WECS (blades, drive trains, and generators); and keeping in mind the need for future research, this paper is intended as a tutorial overview based on a review of the state of the art, describing different type of faults, their generated signatures, and their diagnostic schemes.
Reflectance and light source estimation for indoor AR Applications (2014)

We present an approach which enables real-time augmentation of an environment composed of materials with different texture and reflectance properties without the need of application-specific hardware or extensive preparation. Our solution uses a set of RGB images of a reconstructed model to optimize the reflectance parameters and light location. Each image is decomposed into its specular and diffuse components and we estimate the location of multiple light sources from specular highlights. The environment is stored in a voxel grid and we optimize the reflectance properties and colour of each voxel through inverse rendering. We verify our approach with a simulated environment and present results from a corresponding reconstructed environment.
Atheromatous plaque cap thickness can be determined by quantitative color analysis during angioscopy: Implications for identifying the vulnerable plaque (2004)

Plaque cap thickness is a determinant of plaque color, and this can be assessed by quantitative colorimetry. Thus, plaque color by angioscopy may be useful for detecting vulnerable plaques.
5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Squalene Nanoassemblies for Tumor Photodetection and Therapy: In Vitro Studies (2018)

Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as natural photosensitizer derived from administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has found clinical use for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of several cancers. However, broader use of 5-ALA in oncology is hampered by its charge and polarity that result in its reduced capacity for passing biological barriers and reaching the tumor tissue. Advanced drug delivery platforms are needed to improve the biodistribution of 5-ALA. Here, we report a new approach for the delivery of 5-ALA. Squalenoylation strategy was used to covalently conjugate 5-ALA to squalene, a natural precursor of cholesterol. 5-ALA-SQ nanoassemblies were formed by self-assembly in water. The nanoassemblies were monodisperse with average size of 70 nm, polydispersity index of 0.12, and ζ-potential of + 36 mV. They showed good stability over several weeks. The drug loading of 5-ALA was very high at 26%. In human prostate cancer cells PC3 and human glioblastoma cells U87MG, PpIX production was monitored in vitro upon the incubation with nanoassemblies. They were more efficient in generating PpIX-induced fluorescence in cancer cells compared to 5-ALA-Hex at 1.0 to 3.3 mM at short and long incubation times. Compared to 5-ALA, they showed superior fluorescence performance at 4 h which was diminished at 24 h. 5-ALA-SQ presents a novel nano-delivery platform with great potential for the systemic administration of 5-ALA.
Modification of cyclodextrins by insertion of a heterogeneous sugar unit into their skeletons. Synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin from α-cyclodextrin (1995)

Acetolysis of fully acetylated α-cyclodextrin 5a resulted in restricted fission of only one of the glycosidic bonds to give the acyclic maltohexaose peracetate 6a in 46% yield. Regioselective modifications of both terminals of hexasaccharide 6a were performed by employing Lewis acid-catalysed thioglycosidation and O-benzylidenation followed by its reductive cleavage as the key reactions, to give the partially O-benzylated maltohexaoside 9a with the sole hydroxy group at the 4VI-position. Coupling of compound 9a and a D-glucosamine precursor by the trichloroacetimidate method gave the heptasaccharide 15, subsequent deprotection of which gave 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin 1.
Multibit bandpass delta-sigma modulators using N-path structures (2003)

Simulation results on two switched-capacitor circuits suitable for use in a multi bit bandpass sigma-delta modulator are presented. The circuits use the N-path technique to guarantee accurate placement of the noise-transfer-function zeros. A 6th-order multibit bandpass analog-to-digital converter with a sampling frequency which is four times the center frequency and with a 5.5% bandwidth relative to the center frequency (the oversampling ratio equals 36) is described as a design example. System-level simulations, reported earlier, showed that this modulator promises a 94-dB SNR as long as the DAC (digital-to-analog converter) linearity is at least 8 b. The simulation results presented show that, in order to achieve this level of performance, the integrator circuits require high op-amp gain, and so a gain-compensated version of one of them is presented. The improved circuit requires an op-amp gain of 54 dB to achieve a modulator SNR of 90 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ALCOHOL HANGOVER EFFECTS ON MEASURES OF AFFECT THE MORNING AFTER A NORMAL NIGHT'S DRINKING (2005)

Heavy alcohol consumption lowers mood, disrupts sleep, increases anxiety and produces physical symptoms, emotional symptoms and symptoms of fatigue throughout the next morning.
Risk Assessment on Ground Fissure Disasters of Xi’an Metro Line 3 (2011)

Due to special geological environment in Xi’an, serious ground fissure disasters will occur to the Metro construction. According to the planning, Metro Line 3 will meet with the ground fissures at 15 segments. Based on the results of model test and numerical analysis, the minimum sedimentation value of ground fissure arousing disasters on metro was determined as . By using the evaluation model of risk degree as R = P×V, risk degrees of each segment where the metro crossed ground fissures was calculated. The results showed that in normal design circumstances, there are eight ultra-high risks segments and two high risks segments. Therefore, special measures should be taken to reduce risks for these segments with high risks or above.
Synthetic Galectin Inhibitors Selective O-galactosyl aldoximes, multivalent lactosides and galactose-mimicking mannosides (2006)

This thesis describes the design, synthesis and evaluation of synthetic inhibitors for the carbohydrate binding proteins called galectins. Potent and selective inhibitors can be used as important research tools in the endeavor to chart the true role of galectins in biological events such as cancer and inflammation and possibly as lead for future galectin targeting drugs. A panel of O-galactosyl aldoximes was synthesized and inhibitors with high affinity and selectivity for galectin-3 and -7 were identified. The best inhibitor for galectin-3, O-(?-D-galactopyranosyl)-indole-3-carbaldoxime, was combined with previously optimized galectin-3 targeting triazoles, in a fragment based approach, to give 3C-triazol-1-yl-O-galactopyranosyl aldoximes with high affinity and selectivity for galectin-3 (Kd down to 11 µM). Furthermore, a glycoside clustering effect was observed for multivalent lactose containing inhibitors and galectin-1. The mechanisms behind this were investigated using mutated galectin-1, lacking the possibility to dimerize. Finally, 1H-[1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl mannosides, with synthetic advantages over galactose based inhibitors, were synthesized and the 4-benzylaminocarbonyl-1H-[1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl ?-D-mannopyranoside (Kd=540 µM, for galectin-9N) compared favorably with its galactoside counterpart.
EDIMA: Early Detection of IoT Malware Network Activity Using Machine Learning Techniques (2019)

The widespread adoption of Internet of Things has led to many security issues. Post the Mirai-based DDoS attack in 2016 which compromised IoT devices, a host of new malware using Mirai’s leaked source code and targeting IoT devices have cropped up, e.g. Satori, Reaper, Amnesia, Masuta etc. These malware exploit software vulnerabilities to infect IoT devices instead of open TELNET ports (like Mirai) making them more difficult to block using existing solutions such as firewalls. In this research, we present EDIMA, a distributed modular solution which can be used towards the detection of IoT malware network activity in large-scale networks (e.g. ISP, enterprise networks) during the scanning/infecting phase rather than during an attack. EDIMA employs machine learning algorithms for edge devices’ traffic classification, a packet traffic feature vector database, a policy module and an optional packet sub-sampling module. We evaluate the classification performance of EDIMA through testbed experiments and present the results obtained.
Inhibition of the activation of heat shock factor in vivo and in vitro by flavonoids. (1992)

Transcriptional activation of human heat shock protein (HSP) genes by heat shock or other stresses is regulated by the activation of a heat shock factor (HSF). Activated HSF posttranslationally acquires DNA-binding ability. We previously reported that quercetin and some other flavonoids inhibited the induction of HSPs in HeLa and COLO 320DM cells, derived from a human colon cancer, at the level of mRNA accumulation. In this study, we examined the effects of quercetin on the induction of HSP70 promoter-regulated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity and on the binding of HSF to the heat shock element (HSE) by a gel mobility shift assay with extracts of COLO 320DM cells. Quercetin inhibited heat-induced CAT activity in COS-7 and COLO 320DM cells which were transfected with plasmids bearing the CAT gene under the control of the promoter region of the human HSP70 gene. Treatment with quercetin inhibited the binding of HSF to the HSE in whole-cell extracts activated in vivo by heat shock and in cytoplasmic extracts activated in vitro by elevated temperature or by urea. The binding of HSF activated in vitro by Nonidet P-40 was not suppressed by the addition of quercetin. The formation of the HSF-HSE complex was not inhibited when quercetin was added only during the binding reaction of HSF to the HSE after in vitro heat activation. Quercetin thus interacts with HSF and inhibits the induction of HSPs after heat shock through inhibition of HSF activation.
Giant Syncytia and Virus-Like Particles in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Isolated from Ascites Fluid (1999)

Ovarian cancer cells were isolated from ascites fluid of 30 different patients diagnosed with cystadenocarcinoma of ovaries. Large colonies of malignant ASC cells were observed during the first week of cell growth in vitro. Colony formation was followed by fusion of cells and formation of large multinucleated and highly vacuolated syncytia. In contrast, cells isolated from the ascites fluid produced by patients with benign mucinous cystadenoma of ovaries did not form syncytia. Nonmalignant Brenner tumor cells, isolated from the ascites fluid, also did not form syncytia. Syncytia, but not the nonmalignant tumor cells, were immunofluorescence stained with an anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and MAb RAK-BrI. Both MAbs recognized cancer-associated antigens RAK (for Rakowicz markers) p120, p42, and p25. Exposure of ASC cells to either the anti-HIV-1 gp120 MAb or MAb RAK-BrI inhibited syncytium formation. PCR with HIV-1 Env-derived primers revealed DNA sequences with over 90% homology to HIV-1 gp41 in syncytia and in ovarian cancer cells but not in normal ovary cells. Electron microscopic analysis revealed viral particles, hexagonal in shape (90 nm in diameter), with a dense central core surrounded by an inner translucent capsid and dense outer shell with projections. Negative staining detected membrane-covered particles (100 to 110 nm in diameter) in the cell culture medium. Incubation of normal breast cells with viral particles resulted in drastic morphological changes and syncytium formation by the transformed breast cells. The cytopathic effects of the identified virus resembled those of spumaviruses, which, in addition to their epitopic and genetic homology to HIV-1, might suggest a common phylogeny.
Influence of Pretransit Feeding Regimen and Posttransit B-Vitamin Supplementation on Stressed Feeder Steers (1979)

A total of 275 steer calves from 17 farms in Tennessee were used to study the influence of pretransit management and posttransit B vitamin supplementation on calf performance and health. Pretransit treatments were : (1) weaned the day of sale and fed hay at the order buyer barn (Control - C), (2) weaned the day of sale and fed a 50% concentrate, high antibiotic diet in an order buyer barn for 3 days before transport (HE), and (3) weaned 30 days before leaving the farm, fed a 50% concentrate diet at the farm and fed hay at the order buyer barn (PW). Posttransit, the calves received a mixed diet with or without B vitamins. PW calves gained faster (P<.05) at the farm of origin than unweaned calves but required 27.2 kg of the PW diet/kg of extra weight gain. Total marketing and transit shrink was similar for C, HE and PW calves, although HE calves lost a greater percentage of their total shrink in transit. PW calves consumed more (P<.05) dry matter and water than C and HE calves during the first month after arrival, but dry matter and water consumption were similar for all calves by day 149 of the posttransit feeding period. B vitamin supplementation reduced (P<.05) morbidity in C steers and increased (P<.10) morbidity in PW steers. Daily gain and feed conversion were not significantly affected by treatment although PW calves tended to have poorer feed conversion than C and HE calves. During the first 56 days of feed, calves treated for BRD had poorer (P<.01) performance than calves not treated but daily gains were not significantly different by day 149 on feed.
Miniature Long-Term Evolution (LTE) MIMO Ferrite Antenna (2011)

A long-term evolution (LTE) MIMO ferrite antenna was fabricated on Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.07</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.23</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ferrite substrate (14 × 7 × 3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) and characterized for antenna performance. Measured return loss and isolation were -26 and -16.4 dB at 720 MHz, respectively. Correlation coefficient calculated from experimental S-parameters (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> , S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> , S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> , and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> ) was less than 0.02 in the LTE band. Three-dimensional peak gain at 746 MHz was measured to be -8.83 dBi for antenna 1 and -8.32 dBi for antenna 2. These low antenna gains are attributed to high magnetic loss of ferrite substrate. Performance simulation suggests that antenna gain can be further improved up to -3.14 dBi with the use of low-loss ferrite.
Phosphor- und Schwefelhydrazin-Verbindungen / Phosphorus- and Sulfurhydrazine-Compounds (1971)

Pyrosulfonyldifluoride reacts with waterfree hydrazine in a molar ratio of 2 : 3 to give hydrazine -1,2-bis(sulfonylfluoride) in a low yield.. The reaction of N-fluorosulfonylamide and SOCl 2 yields NH 4 ⊕⊖ N(SO 2 F) 2 . This salt is converted to (C 6 H 5 ) 4 P ⊕⊖ N(SO 2 F) 2 in water by (C 6 H 5 ) 4 PCl. (CH 3 ) 2 NNH 2 reacts with PSF 3 , PSF 2 Br, PSF 2 CH 3 or PSF 2 C 2 H 5 to yield the following compounds: (CH 3 ) 2 NNHPSF 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 NN (PSF 2 ) 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 NNHPSFCH 3 and (CH 3 ) 2 NNHPSFC 2 H 5 . The properties and the chemical behaviour of these substances are described. Results of ir-spectra, as well as 31 P-, 19 F- and 1 H-nmr- and mass-spectra and elemental analysis characterize the compounds.
Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits tumor angiogenesis in human lung cancer xenografts with a reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor (2009)

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous seven-amino acid peptide hormone with antiproliferative properties. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro and reduces the size of human lung tumor xenografts in vivo. In the current study, s.c. injection of Ang-(1-7) not only caused a significant reduction in human A549 lung tumor growth but also markedly decreased vessel density, suggesting that the heptapeptide inhibits angiogenesis to reduce tumor size. A decrease in human endothelial cell tubule formation in Matrigel was observed following a 16 h incubation with Ang-(1-7), with a maximal reduction at a 10 nmol/L concentration. Ang-(1-7) had similar antiangiogenic effects in the chick chorioallantoic membrane, causing a >50% decrease in neovascularization. The Ang-(1-7)-induced reduction in both endothelial cell tubule formation and vessel formation in the chick was completely blocked by the specific Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist [d-proline(7)]-Ang-(1-7), suggesting that these biological actions are mediated by an AT((1-7)) receptor. Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor-A protein and mRNA in tumors from mice treated with the heptapeptide compared with saline controls as well as in the parent A549 human lung cancer cells in culture. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) may attenuate tumor angiogenesis by reducing vascular endothelial growth factor-A, a primary proangiogenic protein. Taken together, this study shows that Ang-(1-7) exhibits significant antiangiogenic activity and may be a novel therapeutic agent for lung cancer treatment targeting a specific AT((1-7)) receptor.
Predicting Protein Subcellular Localization: Past, Present, and Future (2004)

Functional characterization of every single protein is a major challenge of the post-genomic era. The large-scale analysis of a cell's proteins, proteomics, seeks to provide these proteins with reliable annotations regarding their interaction partners and functions in the cellular machinery. An important step on this way is to determine the subcellular localization of each protein. Eukaryotic cells are divided into subcellular compartments, or organelles. Transport across the membrane into the organelles is a highly regulated and complex cellular process. Predicting the subcellular localization by computational means has been an area of vivid activity during recent years. The publicly available prediction methods differ mainly in four aspects: the underlying biological motivation, the computational method used, localization coverage, and reliability, which are of importance to the user. This review provides a short description of the main events in the protein sorting process and an overview of the most commonly used methods in this field.
Fabrication of Self-Aligned Graphene FETs with Low Fringing Capacitance and Series Resistance (2012)

Graphene FETs with top-gate and buried-gate structure has been studied. The buried-gate structure shows less fringing capacitance and more reliable contacts. High-performance graphene transistors with self-aligned buried gates have been fabricated. The graphene transistor shows field-effect mobility of over 6,000 cm 2 /V · s according to the transconductance measurement. The contact resistance and intrinsic mobility have been extracted from both curve fitting and transfer length measurement, and the two results agree well. This result paves the way of high-quality graphene transistor technology for the RF application.
In-Order Delivery Delay of Transport Layer Coding (2014)

A large number of streaming applications use reliable transport protocols such as TCP to deliver content over the Internet. However, head-of-line blocking due to packet loss recovery can often result in unwanted behavior and poor application layer performance. Transport layer coding can help mitigate this issue by helping to recover from lost packets without waiting for retransmissions. We consider the use of an on-line network code that inserts coded packets at strategic locations within the underlying packet stream. If retransmissions are necessary, additional coding packets are transmitted to ensure the receiver's ability to decode. An analysis of this scheme is provided that helps determine both the expected in-order packet delivery delay and its variance. Numerical results are then used to determine when and how many coded packets should be inserted into the packet stream, in addition to determining the trade-offs between reducing the in-order delay and the achievable rate. The analytical results are finally compared with experimental results to provide insight into how to minimize the delay of existing transport layer protocols.
A Survey of Machine Learning for Big Code and Naturalness (2018)

Research at the intersection of machine learning, programming languages, and software engineering has recently taken important steps in proposing learnable probabilistic models of source code that exploit the abundance of patterns of code. In this article, we survey this work. We contrast programming languages against natural languages and discuss how these similarities and differences drive the design of probabilistic models. We present a taxonomy based on the underlying design principles of each model and use it to navigate the literature. Then, we review how researchers have adapted these models to application areas and discuss cross-cutting and application-specific challenges and opportunities.