gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels (1995)

The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend the classic study of vowel acoustics by Peterson and Barney (PB) [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175-184 (1952)]. Recordings were made of 45 men, 48 women, and 46 children producing the vowels /i,I,e, epsilon,ae,a, [symbol: see text],O,U,u, lambda,3 iota/ in h-V-d syllables. Formant contours for F1-F4 were measured from LPC spectra using a custom interactive editing tool. For comparison with the PB data, formant patterns were sampled at a time that was judged by visual inspection to be maximally steady. Analysis of the formant data shows numerous differences between the present data and those of PB, both in terms of average frequencies of F1 and F2, and the degree of overlap among adjacent vowels. As with the original study, listening tests showed that the signals were nearly always identified as the vowel intended by the talker. Discriminant analysis showed that the vowels were more poorly separated than the PB data based on a static sample of the formant pattern. However, the vowels can be separated with a high degree of accuracy if duration and spectral change information is included.
Threats to ERP Success: A Case Study (2001)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages have transformed the way organisations go about the process of providing Information Systems.Instead of crafting each new Information System locally, organisations are able to install well-integrated, internationally sourced packages that seek to provide best practice from IT systems world-wide.These packages also provide very rich choice in features and functions so that the adopting organisation can tailor the package implementation to meet their very specific needs.However, the enormous growth rate in ERP adoption has slowed.It is apparent that some adopters are not yet realising the benefits that they had anticipated.Efforts to make ERP packages successful in small to medium enterprises, in particular, are facing challenges.This paper reports on case study research involving one adopter of the ERP package, SAP.The research uses an a priori ERP Success Model based on a framework developed to explain success in the adoption of CASE packages.From the study, a modified model is developed.The model proposes Task-Technology Fit (TTF), User Satisfaction, and ERP Utilisation as meaningful indicators of ERP success.The revised framework can assist IS managers developing new strategy involving ERP use.
Bowman-Birk inhibitor attenuates dystrophic pathology in mdx mice (2010)

Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate (BBIC), a serine protease inhibitor, has been shown to diminish disuse atrophy of skeletal muscle. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results from a loss of dystrophin protein and involves an ongoing inflammatory response, with matrix remodeling and activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β(1) leading to tissue fibrosis. Inflammatory-mediated increases in extracellular protease activity may drive much of this pathological tissue remodeling. Hence, we evaluated the ability of BBIC, an extracellular serine protease inhibitor, to impact pathology in the mouse model of DMD (mdx mouse). Mdx mice fed 1% BBIC in their diet had increased skeletal muscle mass and tetanic force and improved muscle integrity (less Evans blue dye uptake). Importantly, mdx mice treated with BBIC were less susceptible to contraction-induced injury. Changes consistent with decreased degeneration/regeneration, as well as reduced TGF-β(1) and fibrosis, were observed in the BBIC-treated mdx mice. While Akt signaling was unchanged, myostatin activitation and Smad signaling were reduced. Given that BBIC treatment increases mass and strength, while decreasing fibrosis in skeletal muscles of the mdx mouse, it should be evaluated as a possible therapeutic to slow the progression of disease in human DMD patients.
40-Gb/s Transmission over 100m Graded-Index Plastic Optical Fiber based on Discrete Multitone Modulation (2009)

Spectral-efficient 40-Gb/s discrete multitone transmission over 100m of graded-index plastic optical fiber is experimentally demonstrated by intensity-modulation of a 10-GHz DFB-laser (1302nm) and direct-detection with a 25-µm large diameter photodetector.
Orthonormal ladder filters (1989)

A state-space structure for the realization of arbitrary filter transfer-functions is presented. This structure should prove useful where integrators are the basic building blocks such as in transconductance-C, MOSFET-C, or active-RC filters. The structure is derived from a singly terminated LC ladder and has the characteristics that it is always scaled for optimum dynamic range and its integrator outputs are orthogonal. For this reason, the resulting realizations are called orthonormal ladder filters. Since dynamic range scaling is inherent to the proposed structure, it is felt that this design technique may be most useful in programmable or adaptive filters. The sensitivity and dynamic range properties of an orthonormal ladder filter are shown to be comparable in performance to the equivalent properties obtained from a cascade of biquads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enantiomeric scaffolding of α-tetralone and related scaffolds by EKR (Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution) and stereoselective ketoreduction with ketoreductases (2011)

Stereochemically pure compounds containing an all carbon quaternary stereocenter based on 1-tetralone, 1-indanone and 4-chromanone scaffolds have been synthesized by employing Lipase PS (Burkholderia cepacia) catalyzed kinetic resolution. These scaffolds are further functionalized by microbial ketoreductase enzymes (Geotrichum candidum, Candida parapsilosis and Aspergillus niger) to access stereochemically pure diols which, on further synthetic manipulation, yield novel cyclic compounds.
Black <i>a</i>-Si solar selective absorber surfaces (1980)

Amorphous Si films display a unique anisotropic etching phenomenon in which a columnar microstructure results. The alignment of the anisotropic microstructure is related to the average angle of the depositing material. Since cross-sectional spacing of the columns is less than the wavelength of light, a continuous grading of the refractive index occurs and results in a drastic reduction in the total reflectance from 40 to 50% in the as-deposited film to &lt;2% in the etched film. The etchant, HF/HNO3, apparently oxidizes rapidly down aligned void networks followed by an equally rapid dissolution and removal step. Such a semiconductor film on a low ir emmisivity metallic substrate is a potentially efficient photothermal selective absorber surface.
Atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI) for EOS-MODIS (1992)

An atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI) is proposed and developed for remote sensing of vegetation from the Earth Observing System (EOS) MODIS sensor. The same index can be used for remote sensing from Landsat TM and the EOS-HIRIS sensor. The index takes advantage of the presence of the blue channel (0.47.+or-0.01 mu m) in the MODIS sensor, in addition to the red (0.66+or-0.025 mu m) and the near-IR (0.865+or-0.02 mu m) channels that compose the present normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The resistance of the ARVI to atmospheric effects (in comparison to the NDVI) is accomplished by a self-correction process for the atmospheric effect on the red channel, using the difference in the radiance between the blue and the red channels to correct the radiance in the red channel. Simulations using radiative transfer computations on arithmetic and natural surface spectra, for various atmospheric conditions, show that ARVI has a similar dynamic range to the NDVI, but is, on average, four times less sensitive to atmospheric effects than the NDVI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Active and passive microring resonator filter applications in GaInAsP/InP (2002)

Single and double microring resonator filters are demonstrated with radii of 100 /spl mu/m and 200 /spl mu/m. The resonators have the shape of a racetrack. Multimode interference (MMI) couplers and codirectional couplers are used for coupling. The single ring resonator contains two codirectional couplers and includes an integrated gain section, which controls the energy flow in the ring. The passive double ring resonator contains two MMI couplers for I/O coupling acid a codirectional coupler in between the rings. A free spectral range of 50 GHz and 100 GHz has been realized.
Exploring Hilbert space: Accurate characterization of quantum information (2001)

We report the creation of a wide range of quantum states with controllable degrees of entanglement and entropy using an optical two-qubit source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The states are characterized using measures of entanglement and entropy determined from tomographically determined density matrices. The tangle-entropy plane is introduced as a graphical representation of these states, and the theoretic upper bound for the maximum amount of entanglement possible for a given entropy is presented. Such a combination of general quantum state creation and accurate characterization is an essential prerequisite for quantum device development.
Parkinson's disease Improved function with GMl ganglioside treatment in a randomized placebo‐controlled study (1998)

This study demonstrates that GM1 ganglioside treatment enhances neurologic function significantly in PD patients. Further study is warranted to evaluate long-term effects of GM1 in PD patients and to elucidate further the mechanisms underlying patient improvements.
Books and Periodicals (1943)

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Material and device properties of GaAs on sapphire grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1986)

Surface morphology, electron mobility, and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum have been investigated for the epitaxial layers of GaAs on (0001) sapphire grown at several temperatures. The optimum growth temperature range is determined to be around 690 °C. The mobility and the PL intensity efficiency are improved by increasing the layer thickness, due to the decrease of defect density. The structure related to the defects is located at a wavelength of 1.04 μm in the PL spectra. We fabricate the first field-effect transistor on GaAs on sapphire, and it has a transconductance of 20 mS/mm for a gate length of 2.5 μm.
The Validation of Landsat TM Band Ratio Algorithm using In-water Optical Measurement (2001)

Landsat TM band ratio algorithms were made by in-water optical measurement data of each sampling points for water quality monitoring of coastal area using Landsat TM satellite data. The algorithm was derived from in-water optical reflectance data which was measuring by the PRR(profiling reflectance radiometer). And, in-water optical reflectance data were applied to Landsat TM bands. Relationship between in-water optical reflectance and pigments proposed by the ratio of TM band 1 and band 2 showed to as follows; (=0.7069) and, relationship of the ratio of TM band 1 and band 3 as follows; (=0.8062). Calculated the upwelling radiance of water surface and radiance of TM showed the ratio of atmospheric effect. In the coastal area Rayleigh and Mie scattering of atmosphere is to make over 80% of normalized radiance of Landsat TM. In order to apply in-water algorithm obtained by PRR, we had to calculate the atmospheric effects at sampling site. And, the quantitative analysis of in-water components using Landsat TM data need the calibration of in-water algorithm and effective method of atmospheric correction.
The Influence of Time Duration as a Failure Criterion in Helmet Evaluation (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Impact performance criteria employed in the evaluation of protective headgear often consider the temporal characteristics of the translational acceleration induced in the helmeted headform during impact. These implicit criteria may appear as limits on the time during which the test headform acceleration is allowed to exceed certain values, or may be inherent in the pass/fail criterion itself.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The present study examines the significance of time as a parameter in the prediction of head injury likelihood or severity. It is shown that since the temporal characteristic of the acceleration waveform is simply a reflection of the mechanical characteristics of the headform/helmet assembly it bears only a trivial relation to the input forcing function and thus is generally uncorrelatable to head injury severity.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is concluded therefore that an upper limit on translational acceleration alone, though not without certain restrictions, constitute a sufficient criterion for evaluating helmet performance. The use of a time related parameter is shown to be unsupportable and can lead to unnecessarily complex criteria and inferior helmet performance. This paper was formerly presented at the AGARD AMP Specialists Meeting, Cologne, Germany, April 26–28, 1982.</div>
A High Capacity Li-Ion Cathode: The Fe(III/VI) Super-Iron Cathode (2010)

A super-iron Li-ion cathode with a 3-fold higher reversible capacity (a storage capacity of 485 mAh/g) is presented. One of the principle constraints to vehicle electrification is that the Li-ion cathode battery chemistry is massive, and expensive. Demonstrated is a 3 electron storage lithium cathodic chemistry, and a reversible Li super-iron battery, which has a significantly higher capacity than contemporary Li-ion batteries. The super-iron Li-ion cathode consists of the hexavalent iron (Fe(VI)) salt, Na2FeO4, and is formed from inexpensive and clean materials. The charge storage mechanism is fundamentally different from those of traditional lithium ion intercalation cathodes. Instead, charge storage is based on multi-electron faradaic reduction, which considerably enhances the intrinsic charge storage capacity.
Keeping the System Going: Social Design and the Reproduction of Inequalities in Neoliberal Times (2019)

The reproduction of inequalities is a necessary product of neoliberal economic systems. Meanwhile, attempts to ameliorate this within social design actually perpetuate this situation. This, we argue, is partly due to the institutional configuration of design whose precarious professional norms mitigate against long-term consolidation. Relatedly, this struggle for recognition produces a kind of performativity of social design that draws the focus of practice away from the problems it seeks to address.
Serum Inhibins A and B fall differentially as FSH rises in perimenopausal women (1998)

The major significant endocrine event in women in the early peri-menopausal phase of the menopausal transition is a substantial fall in the circulating levels of inhibin-B with no significant change in inhibin-A or oestradiol. Progression to late peri-menopausal status is accompanied by a marked fall in inhibin-A and oestradiol and a rise in FSH without further change in inhibin-B. Inhibin-B, a marker of follicle number, is a significant factor in the endocrinology of the menopausal transition.
Hypertonic Acetate-αα Hemoglobin for Small Volume Resuscitation of Hemorrhagic Shock (1997)

Hypertonic acetate solution in small volumes greatly improves cardiac output and corrects acid-base disturbances in hemorrhaged animals. We hypothesized that the combination of alpha alpha-crosslinked human hemoglobin (alpha alpha Hb), an oxygen carrier and vasoconstrictor, with hypertonic sodium acetate (HAHb), a vasodilator, may be effective for small volume resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. Six pigs hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg for 60 min (bled volume: 23.6 +/- 2.5 ml.kg-1) received a single bolus of 4 ml.kg-1 of HAHb infused over two min. HAHb restored arterial pressure, increased systemic vascular resistance and caused a modest increase in cardiac output and SvO2, while pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance were markedly increased. In two animals, transient severe hypotension and low cardiac output may have been due to acute pulmonary hypertension during injection. Compared to our previous study, in which animals received 4 ml-kg-1 of alpha alpha Hb alone, HAHb produced higher cardiac output and a smaller increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. However, slower, titrated infusions may be needed when hemoglobin solutions are combined with drugs or solutions that cause vasodilation in order to decrease the likelihood of acute hemodynamic instability.
Bacteriological variation among Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from dogs and other species (1977)

Bacteriological properties of 50 isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica were compared. Phase variation, which involved colonial morphology and its associated characters of hemagglutination, hemolysis, acriflavine agglutination; crystal violet staining, flagellation, and fimbriation, occurred among these isolates. Organisms representing the three observed morphotypes did not have different growth rates, nor were any differences in their bacteriological characteristics observed after repeated subculture on agar. There were also variations in antimicrobial drug susceptibility, especially to sulfonamide-trimethoprim, and in nitrate reduction. The relationships among these variable parameters were not apparent. None of the observed variations could be attributed to differences in the species of origin.
Application of programmable logic controllers to substation control and protection (1994)

This paper describes the application of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to control and protection of bulk power and regional supply substations. PLC requirements are discussed and the concept of "zones of control" is explained as applied to standard PP&L substation arrangements. The use of a peer-to-peer communication network between logic controllers and other substation equipment is also discussed. Details of an installation completed in spring, 1992, are presented, including experience acquired from power system faults.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
La protección jurídica de los adultos mayores en México. Aportes para la protección de la dignidad de las personas dependientes en situación de institucionalización (2018)

Diversas condiciones determinan un deterioro en la autonomia y, por consiguiente, la necesidad de depender del cuidado de otras personas para subsistir, situacion que se da sobre todo en la vejez. Por una disposicion social, gran parte de la poblacion dependiente es institucionalizada o alojada en una casa que se especializa en otorgarle los cuidados necesarios. Debido a la vulnerabilidad social que esta poblacion enfrenta, se hace indispensable especificar el marco juridico que protege particularmente su dignidad.El objetivo del presente trabajo es ubicar el marco juridico de proteccion de los adultos mayores, situando la manera en que este se ha constituido evolutivamente a partir de diversos instrumentos que pertenecen al marco de los derechos humanos.
The legacy of New Jersey physician book collectors. (1999)

For 70 years New Jersey physicians generously gave books from their personal libraries to create a medical library in the state. Today, the old and rare medical books they collected are available to new generations of physicians and scholars in the history of medicine collection at UMDNJ Smith Library.
Termination of Ca <sup>2+</sup> release by a local inactivation of ryanodine receptors in cardiac myocytes (1998)

In heart, a robust regulatory mechanism is required to counteract the regenerative Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Several mechanisms, including inactivation, adaptation, and stochastic closing of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) have been proposed, but no conclusive evidence has yet been provided. We probed the termination process of Ca2+ release by using a technique of imaging local Ca2+ release, or "Ca2+ spikes", at subcellular sites; and we tracked the kinetics of Ca2+ release triggered by L-type Ca2+ channels. At 0 mV, Ca2+ release occurred and terminated within 40 ms after the onset of clamp pulses (0 mV). Increasing the open-duration and promoting the reopenings of Ca2+ channels with the Ca2+ channel agonist, FPL64176, did not prolong or trigger secondary Ca2+ spikes, even though two-thirds of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ remained available for release. Latency of Ca2+ spikes coincided with the first openings but not with the reopenings of L-type Ca2+ channels. After an initial maximal release, even a multi-fold increase in unitary Ca2+ current induced by a hyperpolarization to -120 mV failed to trigger additional release, indicating absolute refractoriness of RyRs. When the release was submaximal (e.g., at +30 mV), tail currents did activate additional Ca2+ spikes; confocal images revealed that they originated from RyRs unfired during depolarization. These results indicate that Ca2+ release is terminated primarily by a highly localized, use-dependent inactivation of RyRs but not by the stochastic closing or adaptation of RyRs in intact ventricular myocytes.
Human control of multiple unmanned vehicles (2006)

The number and type of unmanned vehicles sought in military operations continues to grow. A critical consideration in designing these systems is identifying interface types or interaction schemes that enhance an operator's ability to supervise multiple unmanned vehicles. Past research has explored how interface types impact overall performance measures (e.g. mission execution time), but has not extensively examined other human performance factors that might influence human-robot interaction. Within a dynamic military environment, it is particularly important to assess how interfaces impact an operator's ability to quickly adapt and alter the unmanned vehicle's tasking. To assess an operator's ability to confront this changing environment, we explored the impact of interface type on task switching. Research has shown performance costs (i.e. increased time response) when individuals switch between different tasks. Results from this study suggest that this task switching effect is also seen when participants controlling multiple unmanned vehicles switch between different strategies. Results also indicate that when utilizing a flexible delegation interface, participants did not incur as large a switch cost effect as they did when using an interface that allowed only the use of fixed automated control of the unmanned vehicles.
N(6)-substituted 2-phenyl-9-benzyl-8-azaadenines. Affinity for adenosine A1 and A2 receptors. A comparison with 2-N-butyl analogous derivatives. V. (1994)

The title compounds were prepared to evaluate their affinity towards adenosine A1 and A2 receptors. Some 2-phenyl-N(6)-substituted-8-azadenines showed good binding properties and good A1 selectivity. The biological results allow us to confirm the presence in A1 receptors of a third lipophilic pocket, able to receive the substituent on N(9), and to evince increased affinity when a phenyl group on C(2) substitutes an n-butyl group. These affinity differences between analogous 2-n-butyl and 2-phenyl derivatives indicate that they arrange themselves within A1 receptors in a similar manner and suggest that this receptor is able to arrange 8-azaadenines, bearing three lipophilic substituents, in two different ways.