gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel anti-spoofing method based on particle filter for GNSS (2014)

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used by militaries as well as civilians. Generally, the locating accuracy is high, but the system is lack of immunity against spoofing attack, which may deceive the receiver into error positioning. In order to deal with the problem, a maximum particle weight monitoring scheme based on particle filter (PF) is proposed for spoofing detection in this paper. The scheme exploits the relation between spoofing and particle weight, and it can detect spoofing by catching the abnormal maximum particle weight. After detection process, an improved robust estimation method is applied in the spoofing suppression, thereby eliminating the impairing. Both the theoretical analyses and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the spoofing detection and suppression schemes.
Engineering Kinetics of Short Residence Time Coal Liquefaction Processes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEngineering Kinetics of Short Residence Time Coal Liquefaction ProcessesRichard K. TraegerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1980, 19, 2, 143–147Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360074a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i360074a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Dopamine Hypothesis of Drug Addiction and Its Potential Therapeutic Value (2011)

Dopamine (DA) transmission is deeply affected by drugs of abuse, and alterations in DA function are involved in the various phases of drug addiction and potentially exploitable therapeutically. In particular, basic studies have documented a reduction in the electrophysiological activity of DA neurons in alcohol, opiate, cannabinoid, and other drug-dependent rats. Further, DA release in the Nucleus accumbens (Nacc) is decreased in virtually all drug-dependent rodents. In parallel, these studies are supported by increments in intracranial self stimulation (ICSS) thresholds during withdrawal from alcohol, nicotine, opiates, and other drugs of abuse, thereby suggesting a hypofunction of the neural substrate of ICSS. Accordingly, morphological evaluations fed into realistic computational analysis of the medium spiny neuron of the Nacc, post-synaptic counterpart of DA terminals, show profound changes in structure and function of the entire mesolimbic system. In line with these findings, human imaging studies have shown a reduction of dopamine receptors accompanied by a lesser release of endogenous DA in the ventral striatum of cocaine, heroin, and alcohol-dependent subjects, thereby offering visual proof of the "dopamine-impoverished" addicted human brain. The lasting reduction in physiological activity of the DA system leads to the idea that an increment in its activity, to restore pre-drug levels, may yield significant clinical improvements (reduction of craving, relapse, and drug-seeking/taking). In theory, it may be achieved pharmacologically and/or with novel interventions such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Its anatomo-physiological rationale as a possible therapeutic aid in alcoholics and other addicts will be described and proposed as a theoretical framework to be subjected to experimental testing in human addicts.
Development of novel biopolymer blends based on poly( <scp>l</scp> ‐lactic acid), poly((R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate), and plasticizer (2013)

Poly( l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA), a biopolymer that can be derived from renewable resources, is known for its brittleness as a result of slow crystallization rates under supercooling conditions, which is associated with the formation of large spherulites. In addition, the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of PLLA is 60°C, such that the polymer chain is immobile at room temperature. These disadvantages make PLLA unsuitable for use in the food packaging sector. In this research, biopolymer blends based on PLLA and poly((R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), together with tributyl citrate (TBC) as a plasticizer, were developed. TBC was added to increase polymer chain mobility, and to decrease PLLA T g from 60 to 10°C in blends. Furthermore, the addition of PHB as a nucleating agent to PLLA resulted in an increased proportion of smaller spherulites. Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy indicated that the carbonyl group and several other characteristic peaks in blends are shifted to lower wavenumber. In addition, polarized optical microscopy experiments confirmed the results of differential scanning calorimetry, FT‐IR, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, showing that PHB enhances the crystallization behavior by acting as a bionucleation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1394–1402, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Pathology of atheromatous lesions in inbred and genetically engineered mice. Genetic determination of arterial calcification. (1994)

We report comprehensive pathological studies of atheromatous lesions in various inbred mouse strains fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and in two genetically engineered strains that develop spontaneous lesions on a low-fat chow diet. Coronary and aortic lesions were studied with respect to anatomic locations, lesion severity, calcification, and lipofuscin deposition. Surprisingly, the genetic determinants for coronary fatty lesion formation differed in part from those for aortic lesion development. This suggests the existence of genetic factors acting locally as well as systematically in lesion development. We used immunohistochemical analyses to determine the cellular and molecular compositions of the lesions. The aortic lesions contained monocyte/macrophages, lipid, apolipoprotein B, serum amyloid A proteins, and immunoglobulin M and showed expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, all absent in normal arteries. In certain strains, advanced lesions developed in which smooth muscle cells were commonly observed. The lesions in mice targeted for a null mutation in the apolipoprotein E gene were much larger, more widely dispersed, and more fibrous, cellular, and calcified in nature than the lesions in laboratory inbred strains. When apolipoprotein A-II transgenic mice were maintained on a low-fat chow diet, the lesions in these mice were relatively small and located in the very proximal regions of the aorta. There were clear differences in the occurrence of arterial wall calcification among genetically distinct inbred mouse strains, indicating for the first time a genetic component in this clinically significant trait. Analysis of a genetic cross indicated a complex pattern of calcification inheritance with incomplete penetrance.
Test methodologies for detecting ESD events in automated processing equipment (2003)

ESD events cause device damage and equipment malfunctions in automated processing equipment. This paper surveys the problems caused by static charge in automated processing equipment. It looks at a number of test methods that detect those charges and the ESD events that occur in this equipment. It also provides examples of using these techniques to solve factory problems.
Binding of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) to eIF4G Represses Translation of Uncapped mRNA (1997)

mRNA translation in crude extracts from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is stimulated by the cap structure and the poly(A) tail through the binding of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and the poly(A) tail-binding protein Pab1p. These proteins also bind to the translation initiation factor eIF4G and thereby link the mRNA to the general translational apparatus. In contrast, uncapped, poly(A)-deficient mRNA is translated poorly in yeast extracts, in part because of the absence of eIF4E and Pab1p binding sites on the mRNA. Here, we report that uncapped-mRNA translation is also repressed in yeast extracts due to the binding of eIF4E to eIF4G. Specifically, we find that mutations which weaken the eIF4E binding site on the yeast eIF4G proteins Tif4631p and Tif4632p lead to temperature-sensitive growth in vivo and the stimulation of uncapped-mRNA translation in vitro. A mutation in eIF4E which disturbs its ability to interact with eIF4G also leads to a stimulation of uncapped-mRNA translation in vitro. Finally, overexpression of eIF4E in vivo or the addition of excess eIF4E in vitro reverses these effects of the mutations. These data support the hypothesis that the eIF4G protein can efficiently stimulate translation of exogenous uncapped mRNA in extracts but is prevented from doing so as a result of its association with eIF4E. They also suggest that some mRNAs may be translationally regulated in vivo in response to the amount of free eIF4G in the cell.
Cyclical Expression of Egr‐1/NGFI‐A in the Rat Anterior Pituitary: A Molecular Signal for Ovulation? (2000)

Molecular genetic studies of egr-1/NGFI-A have recently established a key role for this immediate early gene in anterior pituitary development, and particularly in transcriptional regulation of the LH beta-subunit gene. These studies, using null mutant mice, addressed the developmental aspects of gonadotrophin gene regulation by egr-1 and, because of the limitations of this approach, did not address the role of egr-1 in adult reproductive physiology. Using the rat, we have now investigated the expression of egr-1 during the female reproductive cycle, and have found evidence of cyclical changes in anterior pituitary egr-1 expression, at mRNA, protein, and DNA binding activity levels. Specifically, we have shown that egr-1 mRNA is significantly elevated during proestrous, and conversely suppressed on the subsequent day of oestrous. We have also demonstrated significantly raised levels of an approximately 70 kDa Egr-1 immunoreactive protein band during the night of proestrous, together with markedly raised levels of a Egr-1 consensus sequence DNA binding complex. These studies are indicative of both direct egr-1 gene regulation by oestrogen, and also regulation by GnRH. Finally, we have sequenced previously uncharacterized regions of the egr-1 gene and found evidence of a potential oestrogen response element. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Egr-1 forms at least part of the molecular signal for ovulation in the pituitary.
Assessment of tobacco heating product THP1.0. Part 8: Study to determine puffing topography, mouth level exposure and consumption among Japanese users (2017)

A four-arm study was undertaken in Japan to determine the puffing topography, mouth level exposure and average daily consumption by consumers of the tobacco heating products (THPs): the non-mentholated THP1.0(T), the mentholated THP1.0(M) and a tobacco heating system (THS). The extent of lip blocking of air inlet holes while using THP1.0(T) was also assessed. Groups 1, 2, and 4 included smokers, and group 3 included regular THP users. Smokers of 7-8 mg ISO nicotine free dry particulate matter (NFDPM) non-mentholated cigarettes took on average larger mean puff volumes from THPs than from conventional cigarettes, but puff numbers and durations were similar. Mouth level exposure to NFDPM and nicotine levels were significantly lower when using THPs than conventional cigarettes. Similar trends were observed among smokers of 7-8 mg ISO NFDPM mentholated cigarettes who used mentholated cigarettes and THP1.0(M). Regular users of commercial THS had similar puffing behaviours irrespective of whether they were using THS or THP1.0(T), except for mean puff volume which was lower with THP1.0(T). No smokers blocked the air inlet holes when using THP1.0(T). The puffing topography results support the machine puffing regime used to generate toxicant emissions data and in vitro toxicology testing.
A Lightweight Intelligent Virtual Cinematography System for Machinima Production (2007)

Machinima is a low-cost alternative to full production filmmaking. However, creating quality cinematic visualizations with existing machinima techniques still requires a high degree of talent and effort. We introduce a lightweight artificial intelligence system, Cambot, that can be used to assist in machinima production. Cambot takes a script as input and produces a cinematic visualization. Unlike other virtual cinematography systems, Cambot favors an offline algorithm coupled with an extensible library of specific modular and reusable facets of cinematic knowledge. One of the advantages of this approach to virtual cinematography is a tight coordination between the positions and movements of the camera and the actors.
Separation and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphor Sludge in Processing Plant of Waste Fluorescent Lamp by Pneumatic Classification and Sulfuric Acidic Leaching. (2001)

The classification and acidic leaching behaviors of phosphor sludge have been examined to establish the recycling system of rare earth components contained in fluorescent lamp waste. At first, separation characteristic of rare earth components and calcium phosphate in phosphor sludge was investigated by pneumatic classification. After pneumatic classification of phosphor sludge, rare earth components were leached in various acidic solutions and sodium hydroxide solution. For recovery of soluble component in leaching solution, rare earth component was recovered by treatment processes such as hydroxide and oxalate precipitations. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows:(1) In classification process, rare earth components in phosphor sludge were concentrated to 29.3 % from 13.3 %, and its yield was 32.9 %.(2) In leaching process, sulfuric acidic solution was more effective one as a leaching solvent of rare earth components than other solutions. Yttrium and europium in phosphor sludge were dissolved in sulfuric acidic solution of 1.5 kmol / m3 concentration, and other rare earth elements were rarely dissolved in leaching solution. The leaching degree of yttrium and europium were respectively 92 % and 98 % in following optimum leaching conditions ; sulfuric acid concentration is 1.5 kmol / m3, leaching temperature 343 K, leaching time 3.6 ks and pulp concentration 30 kg / m3.(3) In recovery process, yttrium and europium could be recovered to above 99.1 % by means of hydroxide treatment and oxalate precipitation method.(4) Yttrium and europium from phosphor sludge contained in fluorescent lamp waste were recovered effectively by three processes of pneumatic classification, sulfuric acid leaching and oxalate precipitation methods. Their recovery was finally about 65 %, and its purity was 98.2 %.
Establishment of Irreversible Growth Arrest in Myogenic Differentiation Requires the RB LXCXE-Binding Function (2000)

The crystal structure of the A-B domain of RB has defined the binding pocket for the LXCXE peptide motif. Using the crystal structure as a guide, we have inactivated the LXCXE-binding pocket by replacing N757 with Phe [to obtain RB(N757F)]. RB(N757F) does not bind to viral oncoproteins but retains the ability to bind and inhibit E2F. RB(N757F) is less effective than the wild-type RB [RB(WT)] in repressing E2F-regulated transcription, and its repression activity is not affected by trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases. However, RB(N757F) is as effective as RB(WT) in suppressing cell growth. Interestingly, RB(N757F) cannot establish an irreversible growth arrest in differentiated myocytes. Differentiated myocytes with RB(WT) become refractory to serum. By contrast, differentiated myocytes with RB(N757F) undergo DNA synthesis and phosphorylate RB(N757F) in response to serum, despite a high level of p21Cip1 expression. Mutation of the phosphorylation sites in RB(N757F) rescued its defect and allowed myocytes to permanently withdraw from the cell cycle. These results demonstrate that it is possible to inactivate the LXCXE-binding pocket without compromising the overall integrity of RB. Moreover, the LXCXE-binding pocket is dispensable for the intrinsic growth suppression function of RB. However, the LXCXE-binding function is essential for RB to establish the serum-refractory state in differentiated myocytes.
Polyfunctional Ionogenic Compound Sorption: Challenges and New Approaches To Advance Predictive Models (2012)

Polyfunctional ionogenic compounds are unique in that they sorb to environmental solids at multiple receptor sites via multiple interaction mechanisms. However, existing sorption models fail to accommodate: (i) sorption via a single mechanism (e.g., cation exchange) at one sorbent receptor site type (e.g., exchange site) distributed across multiple soil components (e.g., organic matter and aluminosilicates); and (ii) sorption at a specific sorbent receptor site (e.g., exchange site) involving distinct sorbate structural moieties (e.g., -NH(3)(+) and -COOH) and distinct interaction mechanisms (e.g., cation exchange and cation bridging). In response, this study offers a mechanism-based framework for conceptualizing the equilibrium solid-water sorption coefficient, K(d), with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of cation exchange and surface complexation/cation bridging. The unique mapping of sorbate structural moieties, sorbent receptor sites, and sorption mechanisms is used to advance mechanism-specific probe compounds for cation exchange and surface complexation/cation bridging for quantifying the relevant site abundance and baseline sorption free energy. Existing literature studies point to the feasibility of developing mechanism-specific structural corrections to "adjust" mechanism-specific probe sorption measures to estimate the magnitude of sorption for any polyfunctional ionogenic compound of interest. Advancement of our conceptual framework to a quantitative K(d) model requires more extensive evaluation of ionogenic compound sorption under consistent experimental conditions.
Hydrophobic Hollow Fiber Membranes for Treating MTBE-Contaminated Water (2001)

Soluble contaminants with low Henry's constant, such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), require innovative solutions for water treatment. Given the increased frequency at which MTBE is detected at contaminated sites, the development of new technologies is of considerable relevance. Hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes (HFM), used in industrial and medical applications, have interesting physicochemical properties that make them particularly suitable to deal with these contaminants. The hydrophobicity of the fiber maintains adequate separation between aqueous and gaseous phases, permitting an efficient separation of volatile and semivolatile compounds from water to gas. The hollow nature of the fiber and its high porosity permit high rates of mass transfer across the membrane. The mass transfer process can be accelerated using pervaporation and by increasing the solution's temperature to increase the Henry's constant and the overall mass transfer coefficient. In these studies, we evaluate the removal efficiency of MTBE from water using a commercial HFM module and develop the corresponding dimensionless mass transfer correlations necessary for the design of industrial-scale systems. We found that the Lévêque correlation for the tube-side mass transfer coefficient is in general applicable for MTBE pervaporation through a hydrophobic HFM. MTBE removal is a strong function of membrane length, water flowrate, and solution temperature but is almost independent of gas-phase parameters.
Ultrastructural analysis of platelet-like particles from a human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line (CMK 11-5). (1992)

Ultrastructural observations were performed to further characterize the human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line, CMK, and its subclone, CMK11-5. We found that particles derived from CMK11-5 cells had cytoplasmic projections and no nucleus, and that some particles contained alpha granules. Incubation with ADP induced fibrinogen receptors on the surface of these particles. Furthermore, the particles had glycoprotein Ib antigen on their surfaces, and attached nonreversibly to rabbit aortic subendothelium, showing associated morphological changes similar to those observed in normal platelets. CMK and CMK11-5 are the first megakaryocytic cell lines that have been found to release particles that have some of the same functions as normal platelets. In particular, CMK11-5 seems to be a useful model for studying megakaryocyte function.
Variable Procedural Strategies Adapted to Anatomical Characteristics in Catheter Ablation of the Cavotricuspid Isthmus Using a Preoperative Multidetector Computed Tomography Analysis (2013)

Changing the procedural strategies by adaptating them to the anatomical characteristics improved the outcomes of the CTI ablation.
Evaluation of soft switching techniques for the neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter (2003)

This paper evaluates the topological variants of the soft switching NPC inverter based on the resonant pole techniques. Conventional dissipative and regenerative snubbers as well as soft switching techniques for NPC inverter discussed in the past decade are reviewed first. The auxiliary-resonant-commutated-pole-inverter (ARCPI) is compared to a newly proposed transformer assisted resonant pole inverter next. Both techniques are extended to NPC inverter and multilevel inverter, the features of the resultant soft switching schemes are identified and compared. Experimental results from a 7 kW half-bridge transformer assisted PWM zero voltage switching NPC inverter are given in the end.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in humans at a glance (2016)

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an mRNA quality-control mechanism that typifies all eukaryotes examined to date. NMD surveys newly synthesized mRNAs and degrades those that harbor a premature termination codon (PTC), thereby preventing the production of truncated proteins that could result in disease in humans. This is evident from dominantly inherited diseases that are due to PTC-containing mRNAs that escape NMD. Although many cellular NMD targets derive from mistakes made during, for example, pre-mRNA splicing and, possibly, transcription initiation, NMD also targets ∼10% of normal physiological mRNAs so as to promote an appropriate cellular response to changing environmental milieus, including those that induce apoptosis, maturation or differentiation. Over the past ∼35 years, a central goal in the NMD field has been to understand how cells discriminate mRNAs that are targeted by NMD from those that are not. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we review progress made towards this goal, focusing on human studies and the role of the key NMD factor up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1).