gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling a Freight Traffic Controller for Collaborative Multidrop Urban Logistics (2017)

There is increasing interest in how horizontal collaboration between parcel carriers might help alleviate problems associated with last-mile logistics in congested urban centers. Through a detailed review of the literature on parcel logistics pertaining to collaboration, along with practical insights from carriers operating in the United Kingdom, this paper examines the challenges that will be faced in optimizing multi-carrier, multidrop collection, and delivery schedules. A “freight traffic controller” (FTC) concept is proposed. The FTC would be a trusted third party, assigned to equitably manage the work allocation between collaborating carriers and the passage of vehicles over the last mile when joint benefits to the parties could be achieved. Creating this FTC concept required a combinatorial optimization approach for evaluation of the many combinations of hub locations, network configuration, and routing options for vehicle or walking to find the true value of each potential collaboration. At the same time, the traffic, social, and environmental impacts of these activities had to be considered. Cooperative game theory is a way to investigate the formation of collaborations (or coalitions), and the analysis used in this study identified a significant shortfall in current applications of this theory to last-mile parcel logistics. Application of theory to urban freight logistics has, thus far, failed to account for critical concerns including ( a) the mismatch of vehicle parking locations relative to actual delivery addresses; ( b) the combination of deliveries with collections, requests for the latter often being received in real time during the round; and ( c) the variability in travel times and route options attributable to traffic and road network conditions.
A novel small RNA virus isolated from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (1993)

A small RNA virus with novel characteristics has been isolated from laboratory-bred larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. Infection by the H. armigera stunt virus causes severe retardation of larval development and subsequent death. Its particles are isometric, 38 nm in diameter, and have a buoyant density of 1.296 g/ml in caesium chloride. The viral capsid has two major non-glycosylated protein components with M(r)s of 65,000 and 6000, and contains a genome composed of two non-polyadenylated single-stranded RNA molecules with lengths of 2.4 kb and 5.5 kb. The 5' termini of these RNAs are capped; their 3' termini are unblocked. In vitro translations of the viral RNAs showed synthesis of large proteins of sizes near the maximum coding capacity of each strand along with synthesis of numerous smaller proteins; no evidence for processing of precursors was seen. The physicochemical properties of the virus are most similar to those of the Nudaurelia omega virus, a provisional member of the Tetraviridae, although no antigenic relationship was observed between the two viruses. The bipartite genome and distinct capsid structure of these two viruses indicate the existence of a previously unrecognized virus group.
Importance of Completion Design Considerations for Complex, Hostile, and HPHT Wells in Frontier Areas (2000)

Abstract As upstream oil and gas exploration and production companies search for new opportunities, much deeper wells are being drilled and completed. In addition to greater depths, an increasing number of wells are being drilled and completed in much more hostile downhole environments. These very complex wells are frequently drilled in frontier areas around the world, including the Western and Northern Canadian foothills and coastal areas. Where pressures exceed 10,000 psi (69 MPa) and temperatures surpass 300°F (149°C), wells are generally termed High-Pressure/High-Temperature (HPHT) completions. The stresses resulting from the combination of high axial loads and pressure differentials begin encroaching on materials limitations of standard subsurface equipment. This paper provides an overview of an engineering design methodology that can be used during the planning of deep, difficult, or complex wells. The importance of numerous design considerations and realistic, clearly defined load cases will be emphasized. High temperatures cause the well to operate with either significant pipe movement, or high compressional loads at the packer, particularly when these high temperatures are combined with higher operating pressures. The increased well depths, usually with accompanying deviations from vertical, also increase mechanical and fluid friction. These situations require a rigorous engineering analysis with the aid of modern thermal and stress analysis software. Traditional uniaxial and biaxial working stress designs are convenient and usually adequate for shallower, lower temperature/pressure wells. However, the severe conditions considered within this paper require state-of-the-art triaxial design software. Examples within the paper will demonstrate how the results of these simulations can be used for hostile environment tubular selection, including discussion of the importance to properly select and test the tubular connections. Many failures have resulted from brittle fracture or fatigue rather than yield, because the tendency for the designer is to choose higher yield strength materials that are inherently less ductile and more prone to hydrogen embrittlement. To avoid this, it is better to push the limits of lower strength, ductile materials, which in turn challenges the typical design safety factors. This challenge has lead some major oil companies to develop and use risk based tubular design processes.
JWARS: A Case Study (2003)

This paper is a management-oriented review of a large-scale government software development project. The product is the Joint Warfare System (JWARS), a theater-level warfare simulation intended to support U.S. Department of Defense decision-making. This paper discusses all aspects of the JWARS development project from 1995 until 2002. Unique features included object-oriented development, an integrated government-contractor environment, and involvement of users and subject matter experts in development and testing.
New approach for automatic tool selection in computer numerically controlled lathe by applying image processing (2012)

Tool selection is a very important step in manufacturing processes so as to improve productivity with high quality. The contribution of this work is the development of a new method for automatic tool selection in computer numerical control lathe machines, based on image processing techniques and information of the boundary of the piece, provided by either a .DXF file (drawing exchange format) or from an image taken with other devices. The proposed method detects the preferential direction in the boundary of the piece and creates a directional field through a directional gradient aiming at selecting the correct tool. Results from experiments show that the method makes it possible to work with a resolution of 1.1 micrometers, and to obtain good performance in automatic tool selection when several types of two-dimensional parts in the image are processed.
Efficient new ribozyme mimics: direct mapping of molecular design principles from small molecules to macromolecular, biomimetic catalysts (2001)

Dramatic improvements in ribozyme mimics have been achieved by employing the principles of small molecule catalysis to the design of macromolecular, biomimetic reagents. Ribozyme mimics derived from the ligand 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline (neocuproine) show at least 30-fold improvements in efficiency at sequence-specific RNA cleavage when compared with analogous o-phenanthroline- and terpyridine-derived reagents. The suppression of hydroxide-bridged dimers and the greater activation of coordinated water by Cu(II) neocuproine (compared with the o-phenanthroline and terpyridine complexes) better allow Cu(II) to reach its catalytic potential as a biomimetic RNA cleavage agent. This work demonstrates the direct mapping of molecular design principles from small-molecule cleavage to macromolecular cleavage events, generating enhanced biomimetic, sequence-specific RNA cleavage agents.
Improved contouring control for multi-axis system with two-degrees-of-freedom structure (2002)

This paper represents a position controller with a disturbance observer for a multi-axis servo system. The overall control system consists of three parts: the position controller; the disturbance observer with free parameters; and the cross-coupled controller which enhances contouring performance by reducing errors. Using two-degrees-of freedom conception, the authors design the command input response and the closed loop characteristics independently. The servo system can improve the closed loop characteristics without affecting the command input response. The characteristics of the closed loop system is improved by suppressing disturbance torque effectively with the disturbance observer. Moreover, the cross-coupled controller enhances tracking performance. Thus position control performance is improved. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller shows that it improves the contouring performance along with reference trajectory in the XY-table.
The integration of deadline and criticalness in hard real-time scheduling (2003)

Two task-scheduling algorithms for distributed hard real-time computer systems are presented. Both algorithms are based on a heuristic approach and explicitly account for both the deadlines and criticality of tasks when making scheduling decisions. In analyzing the algorithms, a performance metric called the weighted guarantee ratio is defined. It reflects both the percentage of tasks that make their deadlines and their relative worth to the system. The performance is analyzed by simulating the behavior of the algorithms as well as that of several other pertinent baseline algorithms under a wide range of system conditions including a nonhomogeneous task arrival rate. The results show that the algorithms outperform all the baseline algorithms except for the ideal but impractical centralized baseline and in many cases perform close to the ideal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improvement of Microwave Loss Tangent and Tunability of Ba <sub>0.55</sub> Sr <sub>0.45</sub> TiO <sub>3</sub> /MgO Composites Using the Heterogeneous Precipitation Method (2006)

Ba 0.55 Sr 0.45 TiO 3 /MgO composites were successfully prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation method and their structural, surface morphological, tunable properties, and dielectric properties at microwave frequency were systemically investigated. Compared with the sample prepared by the traditional solid‐state method, the sample prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation method exhibits a smaller grain size, more uniform microstructure, higher tunability, and lower microwave loss, and these properties are very beneficial to the development of the microwave tunable devices application. Moreover, the effects of La 2 O 3 doping on the dielectric and tunable properties of BST/MgO composites are investigated. The result shows that the La 3+ ‐doped sample has higher tunability and lower microwave loss than the undoped one.
THE REPLICATION TIME AND PATTERN OF THE LIVER CELL IN THE GROWING RAT (1963)

Three-week-old male rats of the Wistar strain were given tritiated thymidine, 1 microc/gm body weight, intraperitoneally and were killed at intervals from 0.25 to 72 hours later. Autoradiographs were made from 5 micro sections, stained by the Feulgen method. The replication time and its component intervals were determined from the scoring of the labeling of interphase nuclei as well as of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase nuclei. Absorption of the intraperitoneally injected label is rapid and is attended by "flash" labeling during interphase. The results show that at any one time about 4 per cent of the liver cells are synthesizing DNA preliminary to cell division. These cells alternate with waves of other cells and it is estimated that about 10 per cent of the liver cell population is engaged in cell duplication. The replication time is about 21.5 hours, and its component intervals occupy the following times: DNA synthesis, 9 hours; post-DNA synthesis gap, 0.50 hour; prophase, 1.3 hours; metaphase, 1.0 hour; anaphase, 0.4 hour; telophase, 0.3 hour; postmitosis gap, 9.0 hours. A group of liver cells has been recorded in at least 3 successive replication cycles.
Small-signal analysis of OOFDM signal transmission with directly modulated laser and direct detection (2011)

This work presents a small-signal analysis for investigating the transmission performance of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals with a directly modulated DFB laser (DML). The analysis shows the positive chirp of DMLs can intensify power fading after transmission with positive dispersion and provide power gain instead with negative dispersion. The power of subcarrier-to-subcarrier intermixing interference after square-law direct detection, however, is independent on the sign of dispersion.
Hydrogen Transfer Hydrozirconation of Alkenes withiBuZrCp2Cl Catalyzed by Lewis-Acidic Metal Compounds Containing Al, Zn, Si, Ag, and Pd (1999)

The hydrozirconation reaction of monosubstituted alkenes with iBuZrCp2Cl can be significantly accelerated by catalytic amounts of various Lewis acidic metal compounds, most notably AlCl3, Me3SiI, and Pd complexes, such as Li2PdCl4 and Cl2Pd(PPh3)2.
Reviews Of Books (1919)

Reviews Of Books Get access Registrum Thome Myllyng, Episcopi Herefordensis, 1474–92. Edited by the Rev. A. T. BANNISTER. (Hereford: Cantilupe Society, 1919.) E. JEFFREIES DAVIS E. JEFFREIES DAVIS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XXXIV, Issue CXXXVI, October 1919, Pages 601–602, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XXXIV.CXXXVI.601 Published: 01 October 1919
Dipeptidyl peptidases of human lymphocytes. (1988)

In human lymphocytes three dipeptidyl peptidases were discovered in our laboratory. For a correct demonstration of activities of these enzymes discriminating substrates must be used. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is revealed with Gly-Pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (Gly-Pro-MNA) and Fast Blue B (FBB). It is present in the surface membrane of about 40% lymphocytes of the peripheral blood. Only T-lymphocytes bear the reaction. Reacting lymphocytes belong predominantly to OKT4+ subset. Some OKT8+ lymphocytes also react. With more sensitive substrates (Lys-Pro-MNA, Phe-Pro-MNA and Ala-Pro-MNA) a co-reaction of DPP II was demonstrated "in situ" and in zymograms. In haemoblastoses a positive reaction in cells indicates their derivation from the T-lineage of lymphocytes. A negative reaction does not exclude a T-cell malignancy, however. A decreased number of DPP IV positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood indicates a diminished immunocompetent potential of T-cells, e.g. immunodeficiency in patients with malignant lymphoma, gastric and colocrectal carcinoma, AIDS, etc. DPP II demonstrated with Lys-Ala-MNA occurs in about 60% of lymphocytes belonging to T and B subsets. It is localized in lysosomes. Although Lys-Pro-MNA is a more sensitive substrate a co-reaction of DPP IV must always be considered. Patients with chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia displaying a high number of DPP II+ cells usually have a worse prognosis. DPP I assessed with Gly-Pro-MNA and nitrosalicylaldehyde occurs in about 20% of T and B lymphocytes. The number of positively reacting cells increases after corticosteroid therapy. The influence of the treatment on the activity can be shown very well in histograms of DPP I activity measured by computer-assisted microfluorometry.
CCK-8 INHIBITS LPS-INDUCED IL-1?? PRODUCTION IN PULMONARY INTERSTITIAL MACROPHAGES BY MODULATING PKA, P38, AND NF-??B PATHWAY (2007)

The neuropeptide cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) inhibits inflammation by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin (IL) 1beta during endotoxin shock. However, the signaling mechanism of CCK-8 action has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we have examined the possible signaling pathways by which CCK-8 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1beta production in rat pulmonary interstitial macrophages. In macrophages, LPS is known to activate p38 kinase, which, in turn, activates nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB to induce IL-1beta production. We found that the pretreatment of cells with CCK-8 blocked the LPS-induced p38 kinase, NF-kappaB activation, and IL-1beta production. Furthermore, CCK-8 treatment activated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway and H-89 (a protein kinase A inhibitor), abrogated the inhibitory effects of CCK-8 on p38 kinase activation and NF-kappaB activation. In addition, we also demonstrate that the specific antagonist to CCK-1 receptor (CCK-1R) and CCK-2 receptor (CCK-2R) abrogate the CCK action, and that the effects of the antagonist specific to CCK-1R is more significant. These results suggest that these responses were mediated through CCK-1R and CCK-2R, and CCK-1R might be the major receptor responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of CCK-8. Taken together, our results indicate that the stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway by CCK-8 through CCK-1R and CCK-2R inhibits the LPS-induced activation of p38 kinase and NF-kappaB to block the IL-1beta production in rat pulmonary interstitial macrophages.
Determining latency and amplitude for multiple peaked P300 waveforms. (1991)

The P300 is characterized by a large positive peak occurring approximately 300 msec post stimulus onset. When a single peak is present, the P300 latency is easily identifiable. However, in cases where the P300 waveform is broadly or multiply peaked, ambiguity exists when attempting to determine the latency of the waveform. Amplitude, while less ambiguous, has also been variously measured as baseline to peak, or peak-to-peak, using either N200 or N300 as the trough. The present study was undertaken to evaluate a method for precisely and consistently determining the latency and amplitude characteristics of the P300 waveform. Three independent raters examined 40 records to determine P300 latency and amplitude according to prescribed criteria. Results indicated that the suggested techniques yield good inter-rater agreement on the latency and amplitude characteristics of the P300 waveform regardless of P300 morphology.
The frequency in Japanese of genetic variants of 22 proteins. (1977)

<p>Bandwidth-limiting flexible modes in motion systems like the stage systems of a wafer scanner can effectively be damped by incorporating a viscoelastic tuned-mass-damper. This allows for an increase of bandwidth. The viscoelastic properties however pose a challenge on the feedforward design and thereby limit the achievable tracking performance. This is because the viscoelastic properties, which cannot be described by the simple addition of an elastic and a viscous element, induce a relaxation effect that prolongs well beyond the moment that inertial forces induced by the setpoint are being applied to the system. To cope with this problem, a tenth-order model fit from measured frequency response data that sufficiently captures the viscoelastic properties is combined with a data-based optimization approach needed to fine-tune a limited set of acceleration-snap feedforward gains. Experimental results from an industrial wafer stage system demonstrate the applicability of the approach.</p>
Quantitative reconstruction from truncated projections in classical tomography (2004)

We prove that some kinds of truncation are entirely admissible for region-of-interest (ROI) reconstructions in classical tomography, contrary to the long-standing folklore that two-dimensional tomography is "all or nothing". The proof is based on a link between the Hilbert transforms of parallel beam and fanbeam projections, which was recently used by Noo et al. to achieve ROI image reconstruction from fanbeam data on less than a short scan, assuming no fanbeam truncation occurs. We extend the use of this link to achieve quantitative ROI reconstruction in the presence of truncated projections. Our results are illustrated with a specific example of a parallel-hole detector of length 24 cm and an elliptical object of 15- and 30-cm axes. The detector rotates 180/spl deg/ about a point on the long axis at 11.25 cm from the right-hand-side boundary. The right half of the ellipse, the ROI in this case, is not truncated, although the left side is truncated in many views. The ROI can be quantitatively reconstructed, as is verified by our simulation. We also show that under certain conditions, ROI reconstruction is possible with truncation on both sides of the field of view. These results bring new understanding to the fundamental mechanisms of tomography. Benefits of this new understanding can be anticipated in many classical tomography applications, particularly when the projections of the object are too wide for the available detector.
Pediocin A improves growth performance of broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the anticlostridial pediocin A from Pediococcus pentosaceus FBB61 to contain negative effects associated to Clostridium proliferation in broilers, through 2 subsequent investigations. In the first study, 36 Ross 508 broilers were divided into 3 groups and fed for 21 d as follows: the control diet (CTR), the control diet supplemented with supernatant filtrate of a culture of P. pentosaceus FBB61-2 (Bac-, isogenic mutant nonproducing pediocin A), and the control diet supplemented with supernatant filtrate of a culture of P. pentosaceus FBB61 (Bac+) containing pediocin A. Birds were challenged with 10(6) cells of Clostridium perfringens. In the second study, 216 Ross 508 broilers were allocated in 18 pens and divided into 3 groups fed the same diet for 42 d: a control group (CTR), a group challenged with 10(8) cells of C. perfringens (CP), and a group challenged with 10(8) cells of C. perfringens and receiving the control diet supplemented with P. pentosaceus FBB61 and pediocin A (PA). Broiler BW, ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion rate were measured throughout the studies. At the end of both experiments, an appropriate number of birds was killed and analyzed for necrotic enteritis lesions and microbiological examinations. In the first study, on d 9, ADG and BW were 20% higher for Bac+ compared with CTR and Bac-; on d 14, ADG was higher for Bac+ (+23%, P<0.05), whereas BW was higher for Bac+ and Bac- compared with CTR (+23 and +14%, respectively; P<0.05). In the second study, on d 14, ADG and BW were higher for PA compared with CTR and CP (+15% on average; P<0.05), whereas between 15 and 42 d, there was only a tendency toward a higher ADG for PA when compared with the CP group (+4%, P=0.08). Diet supplementation with pediocin A improved broiler growth performance during the challenge with C. perfringens and tended to restore the ADG depletion during the 42-d period.