gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust asymmetric 6T-SRAM cell for low-power operation in nano-CMOS technologies (2010)

An asymmetric 6T-SRAM cell design is presented for reliable low-power circuit operation under large variability. A low overhead write assist circuit is added to increase the write-noise-margin (WNM) and improve the write speed/power. Sizing is used to strengthen the pull-down transistor of the feedback inverter of the single ended read circuit to enhance the static-noise-margin (SNM). Monte Carlo simulations indicate a 90% improvement in SNM and a boost in the WNM of 108% compared to the conventional 6T-SRAM design. Comparative analysis of a 65nm 64×32 bit SRAM designed using both SRAM cells (Symmetric-6T and Asymmetric-6T) shows the write delay and power decrease by 46% and 35%, respectively, while total power decreases by 52% using the proposed design.
Faster tree pattern matching (1994)

Recently, R. Kosaraju gave an O(nm('7' polylog(m )) step algorithm for tree pattern matching. We Improve this result by designing a simple 0( nfipolylog(
The DNA‐polymerase inhibiting activity of poly(β‐<scp>l</scp>‐malic acid) in nuclear extract during the cell cycle of <i>Physarum polycephalum</i> (2002)

The naturally synchronous plasmodia of myxomycetes synthesize poly(beta-l-malic acid), which carries out cell-specific functions. In Physarum polycephalum, poly(beta-l-malate) [the salt form of poly(beta-l-malic acid)] is highly concentrated in the nuclei, repressing DNA synthetic activity of DNA polymerases by the formation of reversible complexes. To test whether this inhibitory activity is cell-cycle-dependent, purified DNA polymerase alpha of P. polycephalum was added to the nuclear extract and the activity was measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine 5'-monophosphate into acid precipitable nick-activated salmon testis DNA. Maximum DNA synthesis by the reporter was measured in S-phase, equivalent to a minimum of inhibitory activity. To test for the activity of endogenous DNA polymerases, DNA synthesis was followed by the highly sensitive photoaffinity labeling technique. Labeling was observed in S-phase in agreement with the minimum of the inhibitory activity. The activity was constant throughout the cell cycle when the inhibition was neutralized by the addition of spermidine hydrochloride. Also, the concentration of poly(beta-l-malate) did not vary with the phase of the cell cycle [Schmidt, A., Windisch, C. & Holler, E. (1996) Nuclear accumulation and homeostasis of the unusual polymer poly(beta-l-malate) in plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 70, 373-380]. To explain the variation in the cell cycle, a periodic competition for poly(beta-l-malate) between DNA polymerases and most likely certain histones was assumed. These effectors are synthesized in S-phase. By competition they displace DNA polymerase from the complex of poly(beta-l-malate). The free polymerases, which are no longer inhibited, engage in DNA synthesis. It is speculated that poly(beta-l-malate) is active in maintaining mitotic synchrony of plasmodia by playing the mediator between the periodic synthesis of certain proteins and the catalytic competence of DNA polymerases.
Tunable vertical-cavity SOAs: a unique combination of tunable filtering and optical gain (2005)

In this paper the design and performance of novel micromechanically-tunable vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs) are presented. Theoretical design issues include overviews of the signal gain, wavelength tuning characteristics, saturation properties, and noise figure of these unique devices. Using general Fabry-Perot relationships it is possible to model both the wavelength tuning characteristics and the peak signal gain of tunable VCSOAs, while amplifier rate equations are used to describe the saturation and noise properties. It is found that these devices follow many of the same design trends as fixed-wavelength VCSOAs. However, with tunable devices, the tuning mechanism is found to result in varying amplifier properties over the wavelength span of the device. Experimental results for three generations of devices are given. The culmination of this work is a new bottom-emitting design in which the optical cavity is inverted and the MEMS-tuning structure serves as the high-reflectivity back mirror. By suppressing the variation in mirror reflectance with tuning, this configuration exhibits a two-fold increase in the effective tuning range as compared with our initial devices-with a minimum of 5 dB fiber-to-fiber gain (12 dB on-chip gain) over a wavelength span of roughly 21 nm, from 1557.36 nm to 1536.43 nm. Furthermore, these devices exhibit saturation, bandwidth and noise properties similar to state-of-the-art fixed-wavelength VCSOAs, including a fiber-coupled saturation output power of -1.36 dBm and an average gain bandwidth and noise figure of 65.2 GHz and 7.48 dB.
Observer-dependent sharpening (2003)

Image quality evaluation by human observers is heavily subjective in nature. Individual observers judge the image quality differently. In previous works, an observer-dependent system for subjective image enhancement, which is based on fusion of different algorithms, was introduced. In this paper, the system configuration for sharpness/smoothness is discussed and experimental results are provided.
Oocyte-Secreted Factor(s) Determine Functional Differences Between Bovine Mural Granulosa Cells and Cumulus Cells1 (2000)

Cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells (MGC) are phenotypically different and there is now evidence suggesting that the oocyte plays an active role in determining the fate of follicular somatic cells. This study investigates the role of oocyte-secreted factor(s) in the regulation of the growth and differentiation of cumulus and MGC. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) and MGC were cultured with various hormones for 18 h followed by a further 6-h pulse of [(3)H]thymidine as an indicator of follicular cell DNA synthesis. The COC incorporated 11 to 14 times more [(3)H]thymidine than MGC in either the absence or presence of 50 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. Purified porcine FSH (450 ng/ml) added together with IGF-I marginally increased (3)H incorporation in MGC relative to IGF-I alone but dramatically decreased incorporation in COC sixfold. Conversely, mean progesterone production in the presence of IGF-I + FSH was 13-fold higher from MGC than from COC, confirming a distinctive phenotype of cumulus cells. However, this phenotype was found to be dependent on the presence of the oocyte, as microsurgical removal of the oocyte (oocytectomy) resulted in an 11-fold decrease in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation in cumulus cells treated with IGF-I, elimination of the inhibitory effect of FSH on IGF-I-stimulated DNA synthesis, and led to a 2-fold increase in progesterone production in medium with IGF-I and FSH. All of these markers were completely restored to COC levels when oocytectomized complexes were cocultured with denuded oocytes (DO) at a concentration of 0.5 oocytes/microl, demonstrating that oocytes secrete a soluble factor(s) that promotes growth and attenuates cumulus cell progesterone secretion. In the presence of IGF-I, [(3)H]thymidine incorporation in MGC increased ninefold above control levels with the addition of DO. The addition of FSH to IGF-I-increased (3)H counts in MGC, however, led to a decrease in counts in MGC + DO as is also observed in COC. Furthermore, progesterone production was halved when DO were added to MGC cultures, most notably in the presence of IGF-I and/or FSH. These results provide further evidence that MGC and cumulus cells have distinctive phenotypes and that the oocyte is responsible for some of the characteristic features of cumulus cells. Bovine oocytes secrete a soluble factor(s) that simultaneously promotes growth and attenuates steroidogenesis in follicular somatic cells.
Ultrastructure of initial responses of susceptible and resistant soybean roots to infection by Heterodera glycines (1991)

Description de l'ultrastructure des stades initiaux des interactions entre le nematode du soja et les racines de cultivars sensibles et resistants.L'accent est mis sur les secretions (salivation) et les reponses de la plante-hote dans la cellule syncitiale et dans les cellules adjacentes.
APPENDIX II Genetic Map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1981)

The compilation of genetic mapping data that appeared in the companion volume of this series1 and in more detail as a complete review (Mortimer and Schild 1980) was completed in January 1980. That map described the locations of 317 genes on 17 chomosomes and 3 fragments. In the succeeding 2½ years there have been many changes in and additions to that map; because of this, we were asked to prepare an updated map for inclusion in this volume. Ninety-eight new genes have been located on the map, and these genes, their locations, and the sources of the new data are described in the accompanying list of mapped genes. The group of genes located on chromosome XVII of the 1980 map have been found not to define a separate chromosome but instead to be located on the left arm of chromosome XIV (Klapholz and Easton-Esposito 1982). A centromere-linked marker, KRB1 , has been excluded from chromosomes I–XVI and now serves to identify a new chromosome XVII (Wickner et al. 1982a). Several linkages based only on mitotic crossing-over or trisomic analysis have been confirmed by tetrad analysis. Some sequence ambiguities have been cleared up and others have been introduced. Two genes ( lys 10 and SAD1 ) that appeared on the 1980 map have been deleted, and the lengths of several intervals have been changed by the new data. The newly mapped genes have mostly fallen in already established intervals, although five chromosome arms have been extended by new linkages. The total genetic map...
Solubilization and partial characterization of rat liver squalene epoxidase. (1975)

The microsomal enzyme system from rat liver which catalyzes squalene epoxidation requires a supernatant protein and phospholipids (Tai, H., and Bloch, K. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 3767). It has now been found that these two cytoplasmic components can be replaced by Triton X-100. The same detergent solubilizes the microsomal squalene epoxidase and the resulting supernatant can be separated into two components, A and B, by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Neither Fraction A nor B alone has significant squalene epoxidase activity but combining the two affords a reconstituted system 5-fold higher in specific epoxidase activity than that of the original microsomes. FAD and Triton X-100 in addition to molecular oxygen and NADPH are required in the reconstituted system. Subjecting Fraction A to a second DEAE-cellulose chromatography does not change its specific activity but lowers NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity and the protoheme content to 1/25 and 1/4, respectively. When Fraction B was chromatographed on Sephadex G-200, the specific epoxidase activity tested in the presence of Fraction A was increased 3-fold. This procedure also raised the specific activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity in Fraction B 3-fold. The reconstituted epoxidase system is not inhibited by either carbon monoxide, potassium cyanide, or o-phenanthrolien but Tiron at 1 mM was inhibitory (50%). Erythrocuprein has no effect on epoxidation. No evidence has been found for the participation of hemoproteins (P450 or cytochrome b5) in squalene epoxidation. Component B appears to be identical with the flavoprotein NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. Component A may be a flavoprotein with an easily dissociable prosthetic group.
Acoustic airflow estimation from tracheal sound power (2003)

Acoustical analysis of the respiratory sounds (tracheal and lung sounds) has been used to detect respiratory phases (inspiration/expiration) without airflow measurement . This technique facilitates the estimation of airflow by locating the zero crossing of phase transitions from respiratory sounds. Using statistical analysis, previous studies have shown that there is a relationship between respiratory sounds and airflow. However, no attempt was made to estimate airflow and evaluate the error. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the best model for airflow estimation by acoustical means. Based on some preliminary studies, an exponential model was used to estimate respiratory airflow from average power of tracheal sounds. The model needs only a few breath sounds recorded with airflow for calibration for each subject. The model parameters were derived from the breaths with known airflow and then applied to the rest of the breath sounds to estimate airflow. The model was tested by estimating airflow at various rates from tracheal sounds of ten healthy subjects. Since relationship between airflow and average power of tracheal sound was found to be different for inspiration and expiration, therefore the model parameters were derived for each phase separately. Estimated airflow was compared to actual recorded airflow to determine the error. The results showed that the estimated airflow followed actual airflow well with an error of 5.8 /spl plusmn/ 3.0% of the target airflow.
T Cells Facilitate Recovery from Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus-Induced Encephalomyelitis in the Absence of Antibody (2010)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus of the genus Alphavirus that is responsible for a significant disease burden in Central and South America through sporadic outbreaks into human and equid populations. For humans, 2 to 4% of cases are associated with encephalitis, and there is an overall case mortality rate of approximately 1%. In mice, replication of the virus within neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) leads to paralyzing, invariably lethal encephalomyelitis. However, mice infected with certain attenuated mutants of the virus are able to control the infection within the CNS and recover. To better define what role T cell responses might be playing in this process, we infected B cell-deficient microMT mice with a VEEV mutant that induces mild, sublethal illness in immune competent mice. Infected microMT mice rapidly developed the clinical signs of severe paralyzing encephalomyelitis but were eventually able to control the infection and recover fully from clinical illness. Recovery in this system was T cell dependent and associated with a dramatic reduction in viral titers within the CNS, followed by viral persistence in the brain. Further comparison of the relative roles of T cell subpopulations within this system revealed that CD4(+) T cells were better producers of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) than CD8(+) T cells and were more effective at controlling VEEV within the CNS. Overall, these results suggest that T cells, especially CD4(+) T cells, can successfully control VEEV infection within the CNS and facilitate recovery from a severe viral encephalomyelitis.
Administration of haptoglobin during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. (1992)

A study was undertaken to evaluate hemolysis and subsequent renal damage in 14 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. In all patients, free haptoglobin disappeared completely 30 to 90 minutes into CPB, while free hemoglobin (Hb) levels increased progressively. The NAG index and alpha 1M index also increased progressively, indicating renal tubular injury due to hemolysis (Study 1). An additional 20 patients were monitored intraoperatively for plasma free Hb levels by a newly developed colorimetric method using a haptoglobin coated strip. Free Hb levels during CPB exceeded 30 mg/dl in 14 patients, who were immediately given haptoglobin. This treatment eliminated plasma free Hb within 30 minutes, and effectively prevented hemoglobinuria. Haptoglobin treatment brought significant decreases in the NAG index and alpha 1M index, suggesting a protective effect on renal function (Study 2).
Central sleep apnea and periodic breathing (2000)

This overview discusses pathogenesis, clinical presentation, prognostic implications and therapy of central sleep apnea with special reference to Cheyne-Stokes-Respiration or periodic breathing. In contrast to obstructive sleep apnea due to upper airway collapse during sleep, central sleep apnea (CSA) is mainly due to an instability of the breathing control system. Causes of central sleep apnea include alveolar hypoventilation disorders, heart failure, neurologic and autonomic disorders and idiopathic forms of CSA. Patients with idiopathic CSA often complain of insomnia and awakening during sleep but may also suffer from daytime sleepiness. Cheyne-Stokes-Respiration or peridic breathing is often associated with heart failure and neurological disorders especially those involving the brainstem. In heart failure periodic breathing has enormous prognostic implications. Treatment options for central sleep apnea are oxygen supplementation, medical therapy (i.e. acetazolamide) and CPAP. For patients with central sleep apnoea associated with alveolar hypoventilation nasal ventilation is treatment of choice. Newer nasal ventilation techniques (BiPAP, AutoSetCS) are under investigation for heart failure patients with Cheyne-Stokes-Respiration.
Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Structure of Diterpenoids (1974)

Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Structure of Diterpenoids Get access Isao Kubo, Isao Kubo Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Makoto Taniguchi, Makoto Taniguchi Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yukio Satomura, Yukio Satomura Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takashi Kubota Takashi Kubota Medical School, Kinki University, Osaka 589 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 6, 1 June 1974, Pages 1261–1262, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1974.10861320 Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Received: 15 March 1974 Published: 01 June 1974
Templating hydrogels (2009)

Templating processes for creating polymerized hydrogels are reviewed. The use of contact photonic crystals and of non-contact colloidal crystalline arrays as templates are described and applications to chemical sensing and device fabrication are illustrated. Emulsion templating is illustrated in the formation of microporous membranes, and templating on reverse emulsions and double emulsions is described. Templating in solutions of macromolecules and micelles is discussed and then various applications of hydrogel templating on surfactant liquid crystalline mesophases are illustrated, including a nanoscale analogue of colloidal crystalline array templating, except that the bead array in this case is a cubic array of nonionic micelles. The use of particles as templates in making core-shell and hollow microgel beads is described, as is the use of membrane pores as another illustration of confinement templating.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Intramolecular, Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination. Synthesis of 3-Arylpiperidines (2006)

The intramolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of 1-(3-aminopropyl)vinylarenes in the presence of a readily available rhodium catalyst to form 3-arylpiperidines is reported. In contrast to intermolecular hydroamination of vinylarenes, which occurred in high yields in the presence of rhodium catalysts containing DPEphos, the intramolecular reaction occurred in high yield in the presence of [Rh(COD)(DPPB)]BF4 as catalyst. Reactants with substituents beta to the nitrogen occurred in high yield, and these reactions formed 3,5-disubstituted piperidines with high diastereomeric excess. The regiochemistry of these cyclizations contrasts with the regiochemistry of intramolecular hydroaminations catalyzed by lanthanide complexes, group III metal complexes, and platinum complexes, all of which have been reported to form cyclization products from Markovnikov addition.
Flowable oxide CVD Process for Shallow Trench Isolation in Silicon Semiconductor (2004)

We have proposed a new shallow trench isolation (STI) process using flowable oxide (F-oxide) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for DRAM application and it was successfully developed. The combination of F-oxide CVD and HDP CVD is thought to be the superior STI gap-filling process for next generation DRAM fabrication because F-oxide not only improves STI gap-filling capability, but also the reduced local stress by F-oxide in narrow trenches leads to decrease in junction leakage and gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current. Finally, this process increased data retention time of DRAM compared to HDP STI. However, a serious failure occurred by symphonizing its structural dependency of deposited thickness with poor resistance against HF chemicals. It could be suppressed by reducing the flow time during F-oxide deposition. It was investigated collectively in terms of device yield. In conclusion, the combination of F-oxide and HDP oxide is the very promising technology for STI gap filling process of sub-100nm DRAM technology.
Difference in serum complement component C4a levels between hepatitis C virus carriers with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels or chronic hepatitis C (2012)

Certain hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers exhibit persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (PNALT) (≤ 30 IU/l) accompanied by normal platelet counts (≥ 15 x 10(4)/µl); these individuals show milder disease activity and slower progression to cirrhosis. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of HCV carriers with PNALT using serum proteomics. The first group of subjects, who underwent clinical evaluation in the hospital, consisted of 19 HCV carriers with PNALT (PNALT-1) and 20 chronic hepatitis C (CHC-1) patients. The second group of subjects was part of a cohort study on the natural history of liver disease, and included 37 PNALT (PNALT-2) and 30 CHC (CHC-2) patients. Affinity bead-purified serum protein was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Serum proteomics showed that 6 protein peaks with mass-to-charge ratios ranging from 1,000 to 3,000 differed significantly between the PNALT-1 and CHC-1 groups. Among these peaks, a 1738-m/z peak protein was identified as a fragment of complement component 4 (C4) and correlated significantly with serum C4a concentrations as determined by enzyme immunoassay. Serum C4a levels were also significantly higher in the PNALT-2 group compared to the CHC-2 group and healthy volunteers. Furthermore, in the PNALT-2 group, serum C4a levels negatively correlated with transaminase levels, but not with other biochemical tests, HCV core antigen levels, peripheral blood cell counts or serum hepatic fibrosis markers. This study indicates that host factors such as C4a not only differ between HCV carriers with PNALT and CHC, but that proteomic approaches could also contribute to the elucidation of factors in PNALT as more differences are discovered.
The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first stroke. (1988)

We present epidemiologic, etiologic, and clinical data for 1,000 consecutive patients with a first stroke (cerebral infarction or hemorrhage) admitted to the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois since 1982. The patients were evaluated using a standard protocol of tests (computed tomography, Doppler ultrasonography, and electrocardiography in all patients, as well as angiography and specific cardiac investigations in selected patients). Each case was coded prospectively into a computerized registry. We believe that the Lausanne Stroke Registry is the first registry with complete computed tomography and Doppler ultrasonography data on all patients, which allows correlation between clinical findings, presumed etiology, and stroke location. Although the Lausanne Stroke Registry is not population-based, it gives a good estimate of the stroke-related problems in patients admitted to a primary-care center since our hospital is the sole acute-care facility for stroke in the Lausanne area.