gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remodeling and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix: implications for fibrotic diseases and cancer (2011)

Dynamic remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for development, wound healing and normal organ homeostasis. Life-threatening pathological conditions arise when ECM remodeling becomes excessive or uncontrolled. In this Perspective, we focus on how ECM remodeling contributes to fibrotic diseases and cancer, which both present challenging obstacles with respect to clinical treatment, to illustrate the importance and complexity of cell-ECM interactions in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Fibrotic diseases, which include pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis and cardiovascular disease, account for over 45% of deaths in the developed world. ECM remodeling is also crucial for tumor malignancy and metastatic progression, which ultimately cause over 90% of deaths from cancer. Here, we discuss current methodologies and models for understanding and quantifying the impact of environmental cues provided by the ECM on disease progression, and how improving our understanding of ECM remodeling in these pathological conditions is crucial for uncovering novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies. This can only be achieved through the use of appropriate in vitro and in vivo models to mimic disease, and with technologies that enable accurate monitoring, imaging and quantification of the ECM.
Simulation of Cell Seeding Within a Three-Dimensional Porous Scaffold: A Fluid-Particle Analysis (2012)

Cell seeding is a critical step in tissue engineering. A high number of cells evenly distributed in scaffolds after seeding are associated with a more functional tissue culture. Furthermore, high cell densities have shown the possibility to reduce culture time or increase the formation of tissue. Experimentally, it is difficult to predict the cell-seeding process. In this study, a new methodology to simulate the cell-seeding process under perfusion conditions is proposed. The cells are treated as spherical particles dragged by the fluid media, where the physical parameters are computed through a Lagrangian formulation. The methodology proposed enables to define the kinetics of cell seeding continuously over time. An exponential relationship was found to optimize the seeding time and the number of cells seeded in the scaffold. The cell distribution and cell efficiency predicted using this methodology were similar to the experimental results of Melchels et al. One of the main advantages of this method is to be able to determine the three-dimensional position of all the seeded cells and to, therefore, better know the initial conditions for further cell proliferation and differentiation studies. This study opens up the field of numerical predictions related to the interactions between biomaterials, cells, and dynamics media.
Application of a distributed routing algorithm to a packet-switched communications network (1983)

Abstract : Two distributed routing procedures based upon the Yen shortest path algorithm are developed for application in a packet-switched communications network. The algorithm uses a unique method in calculating shortest paths based upon the time of arrival of update messages. The first routing procedures uses a proposed 'combination' link weight function having parameters involving both current link queue size and recent history of link utilization. Performance of this procedure is analyzed under a variety of network conditions using computer simulation. A comparison study is done with both a least hop routing protocol and a multiple path static routing protocol. The second routing procedure has a hierarchical structure which offers substantial reductions in routing traffic and memory requirements over the first version when implemented in large networks. The major conclusion is that these routing procedures exhibit robust operating characteristics which are almost optimal in simple situations. (Author)
Super-Cavitating Profiles for Ultra High Speed Hydrofoils: a Hybrid CFD Design Approach (2011)

The paper presents the main results obtained from a systematic assessment about the current possibility to simulate hydrodynamic characteristics of super-cavitating hydrofoils with state of the art CFD methods. First a systematic validation of the finite volume RANSE solver with volume of fluid method for the multiphase flow and a simple Rayleigh-Plesset model for bubble dynamics. Sensitivity of the solver to various parameters which affect the cavitation model is verified as well as the integration time-step, the number of inner iterations, which influence the unsteady calculations. The final best configurations of the CFD model are used for its validation against experimental results on a reference two terms super-cavitating profile at a typical design angle of attack and for the complete range of cavitation indexes. After this preliminary study, the paper continues with the verification of the performance in case of different super-cavitating hydrofoils with two/three and five terms face shapes, designed using a classical asymptotic theory for the face and the back shapes chosen on the basis of cavity shapes predicted RANSE simulations. The RANSE method proves to be effective to design the hydrofoil back side for finite cavitation numbers and to assess its performance of for the next 3D hydrofoil design.
New uses for the N-Best sentence hypotheses within the BYBLOS speech recognition system (1992)

The authors describe four different ways in which they used the N-Best paradigm within the BYBLOS system. The most obvious use is for the efficient integration of speech recognition with a linguistic natural language understanding module. However, the authors have extended this principle to several other acoustic knowledge sources. They also describe a simple and efficient means for investigating and incorporating arbitrary knowledge sources. The N-Best hypotheses are used to provide close alternatives for discriminative training. Finally, the authors have developed a simple technique that allows them to optimize several weights and parameters within a system in a way that directly minimizes word error rate. Examples of each of these uses within the BYBLOS system are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, Reduction Potentials, and Antitubercular Activity of Ring A/B Analogues of the Bioreductive Drug (6<i>S</i>)-2-Nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5<i>H</i>-imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3]oxazine (PA-824) (2008)

The nitroimidazooxazine S-1 (PA-824) is a new class of bioreductive drug for tuberculosis. A series of related bicyclic nitroheterocycles was synthesized, designed to have a wide range of one-electron reduction potentials E(1) (from -570 to -338 mV, compared with -534 mV for S-1). The observed E(1) values closely correlated with the sigma(m) values of the heteroatom at the 4/8-position of the adjacent six-membered ring. Although the compounds spanned a range of E(1) values around that of S-1, only the nitroimidazothiazines showed significant antitubercular activity (at a similar level of potency), suggesting that E(1) is not the main driver of efficacy. Furthermore, there was a correlation between activity and the formation of imidazole ring-reduced products at the two-electron level, pointing to the potential importance of this reduction pathway, which is determined by the nature of the substituent at the 2-position of the 4-nitroimidazole ring.
Probing the Superfluid–to–Mott Insulator Transition at the Single-Atom Level (2010)

Quantum gases in optical lattices offer an opportunity to experimentally realize and explore condensed matter models in a clean, tunable system. We used single atom-single lattice site imaging to investigate the Bose-Hubbard model on a microscopic level. Our technique enables space- and time-resolved characterization of the number statistics across the superfluid-Mott insulator quantum phase transition. Site-resolved probing of fluctuations provides us with a sensitive local thermometer, allows us to identify microscopic heterostructures of low-entropy Mott domains, and enables us to measure local quantum dynamics, revealing surprisingly fast transition time scales. Our results may serve as a benchmark for theoretical studies of quantum dynamics, and may guide the engineering of low-entropy phases in a lattice.
Failed Bank Acquisitions and Lending Activity (1995)

Presents the findings of a study concerning the recycling of assets process to address bank failures in the United States using data from the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Reason for bank failures; Discussion about the recycled assets theory; Disposition of assets at failed banks; Equity capital and assumed assets; Bank lending and loan growth.
Enhancing audio surveillance with hierarchical recurrent neural networks (2017)

The need for effective and reliable surveillance techniques is getting nowadays more and more of primary importance, especially in the actual scenario in which safety and security have become a priority. While classical techniques rely on video-based surveillance systems, such as Close-Circuit television, many studies show that also the audio signal can be effectively used for these purposes. There are many characteristics that make the audio signal particularly suited for this task and, above all, the fact that the analysis of the audio signal can greatly improve thanks to the introduction of automatic classification. Recently, a large focus has been on the use of Deep Neural Networks for classifying audio data and, in this work, we aim to test their performance in the audio surveillance field. In this contribution we propose an algorithm for audio events detection in noisy environments based on the use of deep recurrent neural network. The achieved results show satisfactory and improved performances with respect to state-of-the-art techniques.
Comprehensive characterization of chemotherapeutic efficacy on metastases in the established gastric neuroendocrine cancer patient derived xenograft model (2015)

The HuPrime® human gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma derived xenograft model GA0087 was established in this study. GA0087 PDX model showed high gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-A and B, and high potential of lung metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with either large or small size, circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) and lung metastatic lesions were detected in GA0087 PDX mice. The number of CTC correlated to the number of metastatic nodules in lung. Both primary tumor growth and metastasis in terms of the number of dynamically monitored CTCs and metastatic nodules were effectively suppressed by Cisplatin. Diverse subtypes of CTCs in the context of sensitivity to Cisplatin were specifically identified by subtraction enrichment (SE) integrated with in situ Phenotyping of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and Karyotyping of chromosome 8 (in situ PK CTC by CK-iFISH). All the CK18-/diploid and majority of CK18+/diploid CTC subtypes were chemosensitive, whereas a higher percentage of CK18+/multiploid subtype of CTC were Cisplatin-insensitive. Combined histopathological examination of metastatic lesion and in situ PK CTC in a metastatic PDX (mPDX) tumor model are of particular significance, and may provide an unique and robust platform for cancer research as well as pre-clinical evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of new anti-cancer drugs.
Rapid evaluation of phosphine permeability through various flexible films and coated fabrics (1977)

Abstract Phosphine permeability through forty‐one different flexible films and coated fabrics including polyethylene, cellophane, polyvinyl chloride, rubber and cellulose was tested using a sensitive indicator strip. It diffused through all of them; the rate of diffusion, however, varied among them. Four, namely 0.53 mm thick high molecular weight polyethylene, 0.07 mm thick wax paper laminated with polyethylene, 0.23 mm thick unsupported polyvinyl chloride and 0.44 mm thick polyvinyl chloride treated cloth coated with aluminium paint on the cloth side, were the least permeable. Proper screening of commercially available polymer films before their use for fumigation is emphasised. The discussion of the results attempts to rank the films or laminates on the basis of their relative permeability of phosphine. The physicochemical principles of permeability and rapid evaluation method for assessing the performance of flexible film barriers are also discussed.
Speaker recognition using artificial neural networks based on vowel phonemes (2002)

Speaker recognition systems attempt to recognize a speaker by his/her voice through measurements of the specifically individual characteristics arising in the speaker's voice. Among transformations of LPC parameters the adaptive component weighted (ACW) cepstrum has been shown to be less susceptible to channel effects than others. Text-independent and text-dependent speaker recognition systems suitable for verification and identification (open set and closed set) are presented, The system is based on locating the vowel phonemes of the test utterance. A preprocessing is applied to the speech signal. The centers of the vowel phonemes are located and identified as speech events using a three-step vowel phoneme locating process. The steps of the locating process are: (1) average magnitude function calculation; (2) vowel phoneme candidates location; and (3) ripple rejection. For each vowel phoneme (20 ms) 10 ACW cepstrum coefficients are calculated and are used as inputs to neural networks and the outputs are accumulated and averaged. The system hardware requirements are a microphone and a round card. The system software written in C++ language for windows. The system was tested with a population of 10 speakers (7 male and 3 female), and the statistics were taken (95.67% for text-dependent verification, 93% for text-dependent identification, 92.2% for text-independent verification and 88.95% for text-independent identification). There tests were done with utterances of one word having one vowel phoneme (20 msec used for recognizing the speaker). A vowel phoneme recognition application is also presented. A limited vocabulary recognition system is developed using vowel phoneme in the limited vocabulary. The feature vectors calculation is the same as in the speaker recognition system the only difference is in the neural network training and size (97.5% of word recognition).
Blessed are the peacemakers (2016)

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – The UK has long been at the forefront of labor relations, from its origins in the Combination Laws of 1799 and 1800 and subsequent repeal in 1824 to the development of trade unions in the Victorian era and the creation of the Labour Party just before the turn of the century. In the post-industrial revolution era, the UK helped hone and mature industrial policies for workers for much of the developed and developing world. Practical implications – The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Transparent Phosphor Coatings (1955)

Transparent coatings of a number of luminescent materials have been deposited on glass surfaces by chemical reaction of the components in the vapor state. The best of these so far obtained is zinc sulfide. Arsenic, copper, manganese, phosphorus, or zinc have been successfully introduced as activators. Under cathode ray excitation, some of these have given brightness as high as 40 foot-lamberts at 20 kv and 1 microampere per sq cm. The uv response of these films is low, but varies with the conditions of preparation. The properties of these nonscattering phosphor screens are described and their advantages over powder phosphors considered.
Exploiting Core–Shell Synergy for Nanosynthesis and Mechanistic Investigation (2013)

The core-shell nanoparticle structure, which consists of an inner layer "guest" nanoparticle encapsulated inside another of a different material, is the simplest motif in two-component systems. In comparison to the conventional single-component systems, complex systems pose both challenges and opportunities. In this Account, we describe our recent progresses in using core-shell motif for exploring new and sophisticated nanostructures. Our discussion is focused on the mechanistic details, in order to facilitate rational design in future studies. We believe that systematic development of synthetic capability, particularly in complex and multifunctional systems, is of great importance for future applications. A key issue in obtaining core-shell nanostructures is minimizing the core-shell interfacial tension. Typically, one can coat the core with a ligand for better interaction with the shell. By selecting suitable ligands, we have developed general encapsulation methods in three systems. A variety of nanoparticles and nanowires were encapsulated using either amphiphilic block copolymer (polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)), conductive polymer (polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiophene), or silica as the shell material. Obvious uses of shells are to stabilize colloidal objects, retain their surface ligands, prevent particle aggregation, or preserve the assembled superstructures. These simple capabilities are essential in our synthesis of surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes, in assigning the solution state of nanostructures before drying, and in developing purification methods for nano-objects. When it is applied in situ during nanocrystal growth or nanoparticle assembly, the intermediates trapped by shell encapsulation can offer great insights into the mechanistic details. On the other hand, having a shell as a second component provides a window for exploring the core-shell synergistic effects. Hybrid core-shell nanocrystals have interesting effects, for example, in causing the untwisting of nanowires to give double helices. In addition, partial polymer shells can bias nanocrystal growth towards one direction or promote the random growth of Au dendritic structures; contracting polymer shells can compress the embedded nanofilaments (Au nanowires or carbon nanotubes), forcing them to coil into rings. Also, by exploiting the sphere-to-cylinder conversion of block copolymer micelles, the Au nanoparticles pre-embedded in the polymer micelles can be assembled into long chains. Lastly, shells are also very useful for mechanistic studies. We have demonstrated such applications in studying the controlled aggregation of nanoparticles, in probing the diffusion kinetics of model drug molecules from nanocarriers to nanoacceptors, and in measuring the ionic diffusion through polyaniline shells.
Regeneration of gingival papillae after single-implant treatment. (1997)

An index to assess the size of the interproximal gingival papillae adjacent to single implant restorations was described and preliminary tested in a pilot study of retrospective material comprising 25 crowns in 21 patients. The result indicated a significant spontaneous regeneration of papillae (P < .001) after a mean follow-up period of 1.5 years. Based on these results, the general conclusion was made that the proposed index allows scientific assessment of soft tissue contour adjacent to single-implant restorations. The results also indicated that soft tissue changed in a systematic manner during the time period between insertion of the crowns and follow-up 1 to 3 years later.
Wide-range tuning of the titanium dioxide flat-band potential by adsorption of fluoride and hydrofluoric acid (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWide-range tuning of the titanium dioxide flat-band potential by adsorption of fluoride and hydrofluoric acidChong Mou. Wang and Thomas E. MalloukCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 10, 4276–4280Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100373a072https://doi.org/10.1021/j100373a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views649Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
U-Net for MAV-based Penstock Inspection: an Investigation of Focal Loss in Multi-class Segmentation for Corrosion Identification (2018)

Periodical inspection and maintenance of critical infrastructure such as dams, penstocks, and locks are of significant importance to prevent catastrophic failures. Conventional manual inspection methods require inspectors to climb along a penstock to spot corrosion, rust and crack formation which is unsafe, labor-intensive, and requires intensive training. This work presents an alternative approach using a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) that autonomously flies to collect imagery which is then fed into a pretrained deep-learning model to identify corrosion. Our simplified U-Net trained with less than 40 image samples can do inference at 12 fps on a single GPU. We analyze different loss functions to solve the class imbalance problem, followed by a discussion on choosing proper metrics and weights for object classes. Results obtained with the dataset collected from Center Hill Dam, TN show that focal loss function, combined with a proper set of class weights yield better segmentation results than the base loss, Softmax cross entropy. Our method can be used in combination with planning algorithm to offer a complete, safe and cost-efficient solution to autonomous infrastructure inspection.
Utility of direct immunofluorescence and virus culture for detection of varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions (1995)

A direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) with a monoclonal antibody from Ortho Diagnostic Systems was compared with conventional cell culture for the rapid detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in 140 dermal lesions from 133 patients. A total of 79 (56%) specimens were positive for VZV: 40 (51%) by DFA alone, 2 (3%) by culture only, and 37 (47%) by both culture and DFA. After discordant analysis, the sensitivities and negative predictive values, respectively, were 97.5% (77 of 79) and 96.8% (61 of 63) for DFA and 49.4% (39 of 79) and 60.4% (61 of 101) for viral culture. Of the 39 positive viral cultures, VZV was isolated from 38 (97%) cultures in A549 cells, 23 (59%) in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells, and only 16 (41%) in MRC-5 cells. We conclude that DFA is the optimal method for rapid identification of VZV. In addition, better recovery of VZV in culture may be achieved by using A549 cells.