gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new inter prediction mode decision method based on temporal correlation for HEVC encoder (2014)

To alleviate the encoder computation load in inter-frame coding of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), a new fast inter-frame prediction mode decision method is proposed by reducing the number of execution of the advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) mode. Based on the correlation analysis between the corresponding located CU (Coding Unit) in the previous frame and the current CU, we first select the best one inter prediction mode by just performing merge mode decision process and then only perform the AMVP process on the selected one. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides 33.04% encoder time savings in Random Access (RA) configuration and 38.05% time savings in Low Delay (LD) configuration on average, and its increment in bit rate is 0.87% in RA and 1.29% in LD compared to the default encoding scheme in HM10.0.
Virus‐Induced Gene Silencing, a Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing Method (2009)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is one of the reverse genetics tools for analysis of gene function that uses viral vectors carrying a target gene fragment to produce dsRNA which trigger RNA-mediated gene silencing. There are a number of viruses which have been modified to silence the gene of interest effectively with a sequence-specific manner. Therefore, different types of methodologies have been advanced and modified for VIGS approach. Virus-derived inoculations are performed on host plants using different methods such as agro-infiltration and in vitro transcriptions. VIGS has many advantages compared to other loss-of-gene function approaches. The approach provides the generation of rapid phenotype and no need for plant transformation. The cost of VIGS experiment is relatively low, and large-scale analysis of screening studies can be achieved by the VIGS. However, there are still limitations of VIGS to be overcome. Nowadays, many virus-derived vectors are optimized to silence more than one host plant such as TRV-derived viral vectors which are used for Arabidopsis and Nicothiana benthamiana. By development of viral silencing systems monocot plants can also be targeted as silencing host in addition to dicotyledonous plants. For instance, Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated VIGS allows silencing of barley and wheat genes. Here we summarize current protocols and recent modified viral systems to lead silencing of genes in different host species.
Platinum(II) Complexes with Diglycine:  X-ray Crystal Structure,<sup>15</sup>N NMR Spectra, and Growth-Inhibitory Activity against Mouse Meth A Solid Tumor in Vivo (1997)

Two new dipeptide complexes of the form H[Pt(digly)Cl] (2) (H2digly = glycylglycine) and H[Pt(Hdigly)Cl2] (4) were newly prepared, and K[Pt(Hdigly)Cl2] (3) was isolated. Complex 1, K[Pt(digly)Cl], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with unit cell dimensions a = 25.77(1) Å, b = 4.09(2) Å, c = 16.432(9) Å, β = 103.74(4)°, and Z = 8. Complex 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions a = 8.892(5) Å, b = 11.387(4) Å, c = 9.974(4) Å, β = 105.45(4)°, Z = 4. Complex 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions a = 9.311(6) Å, b = 7.737(8), c = 15.627(4) Å, β = 105.92(3)°, Z = 4. Complex 4 has the rare iminol type H2digly coordinating to Pt. The 15N chemical shifts and the coupling constants of the deprotonated coordinated amide N were obtained for the first time for these complexes. These amide peaks showed almost no coordination shift compared with the large coordination shift of the amine nitrogen. The coupling constants between Pt and deprotonated nitrogen for K[Pt(Hdipep)Cl2] were larger than those for K[Pt(dipep)Cl]. The growth inhibition assays of K[Pt(digly)Cl], K[Pt(Hdigly)Cl2], and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) against methylcholanthrene-induced Meth A fibrosarcoma (Meth A) solid tumor transplanted in BALB/c mice were measured. In mice, 35.9% of slight growth inhibition was observed in the group administered with K[Pt(digly)Cl] (dose of 26 mg/kg/day), and 40.6% in the group administered with K[Pt(Hdigly)Cl2] (dose of 52 mg/kg/day), and 45.3% cisplatin (dose of 10 mg/kg/day). The side effects related to the decrease in body weight are milder than that of cisplatin. Their toxicity against normal mouse bone marrow cells was measured. All of them exhibited toxicity against bone marrow cells, but K[Pt(digly)Cl] and K[Pt(Hdigly)Cl2] had only 1/10 the toxicity of cisplatin.
Connection-orientated and connectionless communications protocols-a performance comparison (1989)

Recent addenda to the ISO 7 layer model also known as Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), and its associated service/protocol specifications have illustrated two distinct approaches to the design of protocols. Original definitions were mainly based on the existence of a connection, or virtual circuit, which is explicitly established prior to data transfer, and terminated when data transfer has ceased. However, as Chapin (1983) explains, it was realised that the restriction of OSI to connection-orientated protocols excluded those applications which are essentially connectionless. Chapin specifically identifies local area networks (LANs) as a major growth area for the use of the connectionless approach. The paper describes the results of a series of performance tests conducted to evaluate the differences in behaviour of protocols which exhibit either connection-orientated or connectionless characteristics.
Preliminary Studies on Soil Enzymes Activities of Typical Forest Ecosystem in Minjiang Areas (2005)

Study on soil enzymes activities and chemical properties of 4 kinds of typical forest ecosystems(Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Pinus massoniana, Picea asperata, Betula utilis)in Minjiang areas showed: Soil enzymes activities decreased with soil depth increasing. Soil enzymes (urease, hydrogen peroxides, invertase, protease) activities of top layer (0~20 cm) were higher than deep layer (20~40 cm) by 2~6 times. MB-CN, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were significantly correlated with urease activity and hydrogen peroxides activity (P(0.01)). The correlations were significantly between invertase activity and MB-CN, soil organic and total nitrogen (P0.01), though the direct effects were negative between invertase activity and MB-N, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. MB-N, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were not significantly correlated with protease activity (P0.05), and MB-C was significantly correlated with protease activity (P0.01). The order of direct path coefficients and decision-making coefficients was ureaseinvertase hydrogen peroxidesprotease between soil enzymes and MB-CN. The order of direct path coefficients and decision-making coefficients was ureasehydrogen peroxidesinvertase protease between soil enzymes and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen.
Control of woolly aphid, <i>Eriosoma lanigerum</i> (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Pemphigidae) on mature apple trees using insecticide soil‐root drenches (2003)

Abstract Woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum , is an important pest of apples that infests both the aerial and root parts of the tree. Root colonies are protected from the pesticide sprays applied during the growing season and the climatic effects of winter. Consequently, root colonies are a major source of aerial re‐infestation in the following spring. Imidacloprid, the first of a new group of insecticides from the chloronicotinyl family, is known to provide excellent control of woolly aphid on trees up to 7‐years‐old when applied as a root soil drench. This study compared the effects of a single application of chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, pirimicarb or vamidothion, applied as a root drench over four growing seasons. A soil wetting agent was added to each chemical to improve soil saturation and penetration. Imidacloprid provided excellent control of woolly aphid on the trees that were 17‐years‐old at the start of the study and continued to do so for four seasons. Pirimicarb appeared to offer some suppression of woolly aphid during the first season but not in subsequent seasons, while chlorpyrifos and vamidothion failed to control woolly aphid in any season. The potential role for imidacloprid in IPM programs is discussed.
Topological-Torsion and Topological-Spin as coherent structures in plasmas (2001)

The PDE's of classical electromagnetism can be generated from two exterior differential systems that distinguish topologically the field intensities and potentials, F-dA= 0, from the field excitations and the charge current densities, J-dG = 0. The existence of potentials, A, leads to the independent 3-forms of T-Torsion = A^F and T-Spin = A^G. The exterior derivatives (divergences) of these 3-forms produce anomalies that define the two classic Poincare invariants. The closed integrals of these forms, when deformation invariants of frozen-in fields, define topological coherent structures in the plasma. Solutions when T-Torsion (T-Spin) is zero define transverse magnetic (electric) modes on topological grounds. When the divergence of T-Torsion is not zero there exists a classical mechanism for charge acceleration along the magnetic field lines producing symplectic plasma currents; large temperature gradients along the B field lines can act as a source of stellar plasma jets in neutron stars. In such circumstances, the Torsion vector is uniquely defined by conformal invariance of the Action potentials. Plasma currents in the direction of the Torsion vector leave both A^F and A^G conformally invariant, hence these fields are frozen-in even though the processes are thermodynamically irreversible. The decaying coherent and deformable topological structures associated with such frozen-in fields are persistent and observable artifacts, similar to wakes, that can appear in any plasma domain, such as that which surrounds stars.
Microbubbles in imaging: applications beyond ultrasound (2010)

Since their introduction as ultrasound contrast agents, microbubbles have demonstrated the potential to revolutionise the use of ultrasound at the bedside. Aside from clinical application, where microbubbles are used to enhance ultrasonic assessment of myocardial perfusion, they have demonstrated potential in an exciting host of pre-clinical ultrasound imaging and therapeutic applications. These include the ability to target specific cellular markers of disease, provide dynamic blood flow estimation, deliver localised chemotherapy, potentiate the mechanisms of gene therapy, enhance lesion ablation through cavitation, and spatiotemporally permeabilise the blood-brain barrier. The unique and flexible construction of microbubbles not only enables a variety of ultrasound applications, but also opens the door to detection of microbubbles with modalities other than ultrasound. In this review, non-ultrasound imaging applications utilizing microbubbles are discussed, including MRI, PET, and DEI. These various imaging approaches illustrate novel applications of microbubbles, and may provide the groundwork for future multi-modality imaging or image-guided therapeutics.
Genetic Polymorphisms Modifying Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (2009)

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Polymorphisms in genes coding for superoxide dismutases (SOD2 and SOD3), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA) and inducible NO synthase (NOS2A) may influence RA activity. We determined SOD2 Ala-9Val, SOD3 Arg213Gly, CAT C-262T, TNFA G-308A, TNFA C-857T and NOS2A (CCTTT) n polymorphisms in 327 RA patients. Carriers of CAT -262T and TNFA -308A allele had lower mean disease activity score of 28 joint count (DAS28) values than patients with CAT -262CC and TNFA -308GG genotypes ( p = 0.014 and p = 0.046, respectively). Patients with the combination of CAT -262T and TNFA -308A allele had lower mean DAS28 values and a higher probability for low disease activity than non-carriers ( p = 0.003, OR = 3.585, 95% CI = 1.538–8.357). Our results suggest that CAT and TNFA polymorphisms alone and in combination influence the activity of RA.
The control of hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation by Mysm1-mediated epigenetic regulation (2013)

Epigenetic histone modifications play critical roles in the control of self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mysm1 is a recently identified histone H2A deubiquitinase with essential and intrinsic roles for maintaining functional HSCs. In this study, in addition to confirming this function of Mysm1, by using Mysm1-deficient (Mysm1(-/-)) mice, we provide more evidence for how Mysm1 controls HSC homeostasis. Mysm1 deletion drives HSCs from quiescence into rapid cycling and increases their apoptotic rate, resulting in an exhaustion of the stem cell pool, which leads to an impaired self-renewal and lineage reconstituting abilities in the Mysm1-deficient mice. Our study identified Gfi1 as one of the candidate genes responsible for the HSC defect in Mysm1-deficient mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Mysm1 modulates histone modifications and directs the recruitment of key transcriptional factors such as Gata2 and Runx1 to the Gfi1 locus in HSCs. We found that Mysm1 directly associates with the Gfi1 enhancer element and promotes its transcription through Gata2 and Runx1 transactivation. Thus, our study not only elaborates on the initial reports of Mysm1 association with HSC homeostasis but also delineates a possible epigenetic mechanism through which Mysm1 carries out this function in the HSCs.
Topology-aware resource allocation for data-intensive workloads (2011)

This paper proposes an architecture for optimized resource allocation in Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)-based cloud systems. Current IaaS systems are usually unaware of the hosted application's requirements and therefore allocate resources independently of its needs, which can significantly impact performance for distributed data-intensive applications. To address this resource allocation problem, we propose an architecture that adopts a what if methodology to guide allocation decisions taken by the IaaS. The architecture uses a prediction engine with a lightweight simulator to estimate the performance of a given resource allocation and a genetic algorithm to find an optimized solution in the large search space. We have built a prototype for Topology-Aware Resource Allocation (TARA) and evaluated it on a 80 server cluster with two representative MapReduce-based benchmarks. Our results show that TARA reduces the job completion time of these applications by up to 59% when compared to application-independent allocation policies.
Advanced 3D Land Internal Mutiple Modeling and Subtraction, a WAZ Oman Case Study (2012)

In this Oman land case study we propose a new internal multiple attenuation methodology using a wave equation based multiple modeling technique followed by a 3D adaptive subtraction technique. The first step consists in modeling the multiple wavefield for a variety of multiples generators, for any multiple orders. The modeling is performed in sub-windows selected on the reflectivity series, around the suspected or identified generators. All multiple ray paths for all orders and all periodicities are generated without precise identification of the multiple generators. The generated multiple wavefields are then simultaneously subtracted from the total wavefield using a 3D least square adaptive subtraction technique. Subtraction in the Common Offset vector (COV) domain allows flexibility for testing, production and quality control, as well as optimum efficiency, as each COV volume is subtracted from its multiples content as if it was a stacked volume. It is also a domain that allows efficient data handling for large modern datasets like wide azimuth (WAZ) surveys. The results on complex narrow azimuth and WAZ Oman land datasets are encouraging. The method is accurate, efficient, yet primary wavefield preserving and integrates well in the seismic processing workflow.
Clinical review: Anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy - heparin or citrate? (2010)

Heparin is the most commonly prescribed anticoagulant for continuous renal replacement therapy. There is, however, increasing evidence questioning its safety, particularly in the critically ill. Heparin mainly confers its anticoagulant effect by binding to antithrombin. Heparin binds to numerous other proteins and cells as well, however, compromising its efficacy and safety. Owing to antithrombin consumption and degradation, and to the binding of heparin to acute phase proteins, and to apoptotic and necrotic cells, critical illness confers heparin resistance. The nonspecific binding of heparin further leads to an unpredictable interference with inflammation pathways, microcirculation and phagocytotic clearance of dead cells, with possible deleterious consequences for patients with sepsis and systemic inflammation. Regional anticoagulation with citrate does not increase the patient's risk of bleeding. The benefits of citrate further include a longer or similar circuit life, and possibly better patient and kidney survival. This needs to be confirmed in larger randomized controlled multicenter trials. The use of citrate might be associated with less inflammation and has useful bio-energetic implications. Citrate can, however, with inadequate use cause metabolic derangements. Full advantages of citrate can only be realized if its risks are well controlled. These observations suggest a greater role for citrate.
Unusual suspects : a newspaper's coverage of a scuba diving rescue and journalism's role in narrating Australia (2011)

\n\t\t\t\t\tBrisbane&rsquo;s Courier-Mail newspaper ran a fantastic story a couple of years ago about a couple left at sea behind by their tour boat, after going scuba diving. The story suggested American diver Allyson Dalton and her British partner Richard Neely ignored advice when they ventured away from a lagoon where the tour boat was anchored. But the focus was on how Neely and Dalton survived by treading water for 19 hours at Paradise Reef, part of Queensland&rsquo;s Great Barrier Reef, not so much (yet) on how fortunate they were not to be attacked by sharks. It would not be long, however, before that old journalistic maxim that implores practitioners to &lsquo;question every assertion, doubt every claim&rsquo; shaped the reportage into an extended narrative about chequebook journalism, credibility, and culpability.<br /><br />The scuba dive rescue story analysis presented here reflects contemporary journalism&rsquo;s role in the formation of ideas about cultural value and character, and in more complex determinations of who gets a participatory stake in the formation of national narratives. As such, the article concludes with some signposts toward a critical approach to journalism-centred studies of culture in Australia.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
Comparison and Evaluation of Different MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth Products Over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in China (2016)

Many aerosol retrieval algorithms based on the remote sensing technology have been developed and applied to produce aerosol optical depth (AOD) products for different satellite sensors. The dark target (DT) and deep blue (DB) algorithms are two main MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithms that are suitable for dark or bright areas. The estimation of land surface reflectance (LSR) is necessary to improve the accuracy of AOD retrievals. Therefore, in this paper, a new procedure to improve LSR estimation using MODIS surface reflectance products is developed. A new high-resolution <;1000 m> aerosol retrieval algorithm with a priori LSR database support (HARLS) is proposed. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the spatial adaptability of different MODIS AOD products produced by the above three algorithms. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, which features complex surface structures and serious air pollution, was chosen as the study area, and the different AOD products are validated using aerosol robotic network (AERONET) AOD ground measurements from four stations located in dark and bright areas. Compared with the DT retrievals (R ≈ 0.88 - 0.95), the C6 DB AOD retrievals yield a stronger correlation (R ≈ 0.94 - 0.97) with AERONET AOD and lower RMSE, MRE and MAE values, resulting in approximately 20%-30% less average overestimation. The C6 DT&DBAODresultsshowaretrievalquality (R ≈ 0.93 - 0.97) similar to that of DB, with approximately 50%-70% of the collections falling within the expected error (EE). Moreover, DT&DB is much better than DT, with more than approximately 10%-20% of the collections falling within the EE. However, HARLS achieves a high correlation (R ≈ 0.93 - 0.96) with the AERONET AODs, with low RMSE (≈ 0.118 - 0.128) and MAE (≈ 0.09 - 0.12) and small offsets (intercept 0.00 - 0.04). HARLS retrievals exhibited 7%-8% less uncertainty than the C6 DB retrievals, 37%-38% less uncertainty than the C6 DT&DB retrievals, and 39%-44% less uncertainty than the C5 and C6 DT retrievals. HARLS achieves greater accuracy and reliability in AOD retrieval, and itis less biased (RMB ≈ 0.90 - 1.10) and better overall than the routine MODIS aerosol products over the Jing-Jin-Ji region.
Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology. (1986)

These imaginative thought experiments are the inventions of one of the world's eminent brain researchers. They are vehicles, a series of hypothetical, self-operating machines that exhibit increasingly intricate if not always successful or civilized behavior. Each of the vehicles in the series incorporates the essential features of all the earlier models and along the way they come to embody aggression, love, logic, manifestations of foresight, concept formation, creative thinking, personality, and free will. In a section of extensive biological notes, Braitenberg locates many elements of his fantasy in current brain research.
Synthesis of diamond/β-SiC composite films by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (1992)

A new kind of microcrystalline composite films consisting of diamond and cubic silicon carbide (β-SiC) has been synthesized in a microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition process (MWCVD), using a gas mixture of hydrogen, methane, and tetramethylsilane. Single crystalline (111) silicon wafers and polycrystalline tungsten carbide, which were treated with diamond paste before the deposition, were used as substrates. Scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, infrared absorption, Raman scattering, and x-ray diffraction analysis were performed to characterize the film quality and the crystallographic structure. The results show that the film structure and the volume fractions of diamond and β-SiC components depend mainly on the reactive gas concentrations and on the diamond nucleation density. By adjusting the reactive gas concentration, the volume fraction of the components can be varied over the film thickness. In addition, the growth texture of the diamond phases can be influenced by the β-SiC phase orientation.
Stimulus control of predatory attack in the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) (1988)

Abstract Three experiments studied predation upon neonatal rodents by brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis). Experiment 1 showed that chemical cues arising from prey were used in foraging tests that could not be completed on the basis of vision alone. Experiment 2 provided only airborne chemical cues, and snakes performed at chance levels in selecting among odoriferous (baited) and non-odoriferous (unbaited) nests. Snakes performed above chance, however, when a chemical trail led to the baited nest (Experiment 3), suggesting that non-volatile chemicals are most important in guiding choice behaviour.