gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflectance and Fluorescence Spectral Recovery via Actively Lit RGB Images (2015)

In recent years, fluorescence analysis of scenes has received attention in computer vision. Fluorescence can provide additional information about scenes, and has been used in applications such as camera spectral sensitivity estimation, 3D reconstruction, and color relighting. In particular, hyperspectral images of reflective-fluorescent scenes provide a rich amount of data. However, due to the complex nature of fluorescence, hyperspectral imaging methods rely on specialized equipment such as hyperspectral cameras and specialized illuminants. In this paper, we propose a more practical approach to hyperspectral imaging of reflective-fluorescent scenes using only a conventional RGB camera and varied colored illuminants. The key idea of our approach is to exploit a unique property of fluorescence: the chromaticity of fluorescent emissions are invariant under different illuminants. This allows us to robustly estimate spectral reflectance and fluorescent emission chromaticity. We then show that given the spectral reflectance and fluorescent chromaticity, the fluorescence absorption and emission spectra can also be estimated. We demonstrate in results that all scene spectra can be accurately estimated from RGB images. Finally, we show that our method can be used to accurately relight scenes under novel lighting.
Immunohistochemical localization of NQO1 in epithelial dysplasia and neoplasia and in donor eyes. (2000)

NQO1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in every examined section of corneal and conjunctival epithelial dysplasia and neoplasia, suggesting that NQO1 may play a role in the bioactivation of mitomycin C in these tumors. However, the presence of NQO1 in the corneal, conjunctival, and ciliary epithelium; the retinas; and the optic nerves of donor eyes may indicate the potential for mitomycin C toxicity, particularly at higher doses.
Studies on Taiwan Folk Medicine, Thang-kau-tin (II): Measurement of Active Oxygen Scavenging Activity Using an ESR Technique (1995)

Using an electron spin resonance (ESR) technique, we measured the superoxide radical (O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging activity from Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg., Bauhinia championii Benth., Uncaria hirsuta Haviland and Uncaria rhynchophylla Miquel. O2- and OH were detected as spin adducts of spin traps 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). The scavenging potencies of water extracts of crude drugs were evaluated in terms of their ability to reduce the peaks of spin adducts. The extract of B. championii showed the greatest superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity.
DCT domain alpha blending (2002)

For direct manipulation in the compressed domain, we develop a DCT domain convolution theorem which besides exploiting the sparseness of the DCT domain representation also exploits the orthogonality and symmetry in the DCT domain representation. These properties lead to efficient compressed domain based processing methods unlike their spatial domain counterparts, where such properties are not available. This theorem can be used in a variety of image and video editing functions when the image and video data are available only as a JPEG or MPEG bitstream. We illustrate the use of these DCT domain convolution theorems in a typical video editing application such as video bluescreen editing.
STEREOSELECTIVITY OF DIENE-TRANSMISSIVE DIELS-ALDER REACTION; CYCLOADDITION REACTION OF CROSS-CONJUGATED TRIENE SYSTEM TO OLEFINIC DIENOPHILES (1983)

Abstract The stereoselectivity of diene-transmissive Diels–Alder reaction of a cross-conjugated triene, 3-benzylidene-2,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,4-pentadiene, with a variety of olefinic dienophiles was investigated. Cyclic dienophiles gave the stereoselective bis-adducts via the endo mono-cycloadducts, whereas the exo mono-adducts were obtained as major products in the reaction with acyclic dienophiles. The steric regulation of diene-transmissive Diels–Alder reaction was discussed.
Targeted modification of the apolipoprotein B gene results in hypobetalipoproteinemia and developmental abnormalities in mice. (1993)

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is an autosomal codominant disorder resulting in a dramatic reduction in plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B, cholesterol, and beta-migrating lipoproteins. A benefit of hypobetalipoproteinemia is that mildly affected individuals may be protected from coronary vascular disease. We have used gene targeting to generate mice with a modified Apob allele. Mice containing this allele display all of the hallmarks of human hypobetalipoproteinemia: they produce a truncated apoB protein, apoB70, and have markedly decreased plasma concentrations of apoB, beta-lipoproteins, and total cholesterol. In addition, the mice manifest several characteristics that are occasionally observed in human hypobetalipoproteinemia, including reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations, fasting chylomicronemia, and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol. An unexpected finding is that the modified Apob allele is strongly associated with exencephalus and hydrocephalus. These mice should help increase our understanding of hypobetalipoproteinemia, atherogenesis, and the etiology of exencephalus and hydrocephalus.
Towards a world studio standard for high definition television (1988)

The author considers the precise meaning of high definition for television studios, and discussion approach covering a wide range of system performances. The work carried out by the studio standard project group of the EUREKA 95 programme is considered. The conceptual arrangement of studio equipment and the implementation of a standards hierarchy in the HDTV studio are discussed.
Nanofocusing parabolic refractive x-ray lenses (2003)

Parabolic refractive x-ray lenses with short focal distance can generate intensive hard x-ray microbeams with lateral extensions in the 100 nm range even at a short distance from a synchrotron radiation source. We have fabricated planar parabolic lenses made of silicon that have a focal distance in the range of a few millimeters at hard x-ray energies. In a crossed geometry, two lenses were used to generate a microbeam with a lateral size of 380 nm by 210 nm at 25 keV in a distance of 42 m from the synchrotron radiation source. Using diamond as the lens material, microbeams with a lateral size down to 20 nm and below are conceivable in the energy range from 10 to 100 keV.
Copolymers and Terpolymers of Tetramethylene Urea, γ-Butyrolactone, and Ethylene Carbonate or 1,2-Propylene Carbonate (2004)

Tetramethylene urea (TeU) is successfully copolymerized with γ-butyrolactone (γBL), leading to an alternating poly(amide urethane) with alternating carbonyl-amino-tetramethylene-amino and carbonyl-trimethylene-oxy repeating units (M̄n = 12 600; M̄w = 21 100; M̄n = 1.67) and with a Tm of 196.5 °C and a Tg of 36.4 °C. Small defects in the microstructure of the alternating poly(amide urethane) arise from the formation of TeU−TeU diads. Furthermore, TeU is successfully copolymerized with mixtures of γBL and ethylene carbonate (EC) or 1,2-propylene carbonate (PC). From NMR spectroscopic data of the terpolymers obtained, it is concluded that the reactivity of the five-membered cycles used increases in the following order: EC ≫ PC ≈ γBL. It is possible to increase the content of γBL repeating units in the poly[(TeU−γBL)-stat-(TeU−EC)] or poly[(TeU−γBL)-stat-(TeU−PC)] by increasing the fraction of γBL in the feed. 13C NMR spectroscopy reveals that TeU−EC or TeU−PC and TeU−γBL units are randomly distributed in the polymer chain. This conclusion is supported by the thermal properties.
Validation of tomographic measurement of cerebral blood volume with C-11-labeled carboxyhemoglobin. (1979)

Red blood cells, tagged with C-11 administration of /sup 11/CO gas, have been used to portray the distribution of blood in the brain. To date, however, the accuracy of this approach has not been validated. We have performed in vitro measurements of regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) with red blood cells labeled with C-11 and Cr-51 in four dogs and two rhesus monkeys. These studies yielded a ratio of CBV/sub C-1/ to CBV/sub Cr-11/ of 1.02 +- 0.03 (s.d.) from 92 samples. A least-squares fit to these data showed CBV/sub C-11/ = 1.01 CBV/sub Cr-51/ + 0.037; P much < 0.001. The ratio of CBV in gray matter to that in white matter was 2.8 +- 0.4 (n = 12) and 3.1 +- 0.6 (n = 8). In vivo studies with emission computed tomography (ECT) and /sup 11/CO-RBC gave coefficients of variation of +- 2.8% and +- 4.8% for cross-sectional CBV and regional (approx.4 cm/sup 2/) CBV over an 80-min period. The average human CBV was found to be 4.2 +- 0.4 cc blood per 100 g tissue. Clear tomographic delineation of the distribution of CBV in human subjects is achieved with ECT, which provides a ''live'' measurement of thismore » parameter of cerebral hemodynamics. These data demonstrate that /sup 11/CO administered by single-breath inhalation is a reliable and accurate blood tracer for measurement of CBV with ECT.« less
Interaction of scorpion toxins with the sodium channel. (1984)

Scorpion toxins are miniproteins that have been characterized with regard to their molecular properties including their pharmacological action. On these bases, toxins specific to mammals or to insects have been described and within the first category alpha- and beta-toxins identified. These toxins were chemically modified and used as molecular probes of the sodium channel. Thus, the interaction of the toxins with the pharmacological target could be followed and a better definition of this target could be obtained.
Efficient single-mode GaAs/AlGaAs W waveguide phase modulator with a low propagation loss (1998)

We report a single-mode P-P-p-i-n-N-N GaAs/AlGaAs W waveguide phase modulator with a high phase modulation efficiency and a low propagation loss. The phase modulator with a W-shaped refractive-index profile utilizes a novel epilayer structure to reduce the propagation loss associated with doped layers and to obtain a phase modulation efficiency larger than those of P-i-N double heterostructure modulators. The phase shift and propagation loss were measured with a Fabry-Perot resonance method at 1.31-mum wavelength. A phase modulation efficiency as high as 34.6 degrees /V mm was measured for TE polarized light. Also propagation losses of less than 0.6 dB/cm were achieved. As a result, the W waveguide phase modulator that exhibits a high phase modulation efficiency and a low propagation loss have been experimentally realized for the first time as far as we know.
Nickel(0)-catalyzed cyclization of 1,7-diynes via hydrosilation: one-step synthesis of 1,2-dialkylidenecyclohexanes with a (Z)-vinylsilane moiety (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel(0)-catalyzed cyclization of 1,7-diynes via hydrosilation: one-step synthesis of 1,2-dialkylidenecyclohexanes with a (Z)-vinylsilane moietyKohei Tamao, Kenji Kobayashi, and Yoshihiko ItoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 16, 6478–6480Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00198a100https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00198a100research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views923Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
CD4 mimetic miniproteins: potent anti-HIV compounds with promising activity as microbicides (2008)

These novel CD4 miniproteins might constitute a promising class of HIV microbicides.
A two temperature, two PO2 method of estimating the determinants of tcPO2. (1979)

We have prepared an algorithm describing the relationship of tcPO2 to PaO2 and used this with measured values of both tcPO2 and PaO2 under four conditions (two PO2 levels, two temperatures) to generate four equation sets that yielded unique solutions for the four unknown parameters. In adults under a 44 degree C electrode, capillary temperature averaged about 43 degrees C, O2 consumption about 0.0042 ml/gm/min, blood flow about 0.64 ml/gm/min, and diffusion gradient, D, about 32 mm Hg. We have not attempted to define these values in premature or normal newborn infants, because the method requires about one hour of exposure to 100% O2.
Variegation mutants and mechanisms of chloroplast biogenesis (2007)

Variegated plants typically have green- and white-sectored leaves. Cells in the green sectors contain normal-appearing chloroplasts, whereas cells in the white sectors lack pigments and appear to be blocked at various stages of chloroplast biogenesis. Variegations can be caused by mutations in nuclear, chloroplast or mitochondrial genes. In some plants, the green and white sectors have different genotypes, but in others they have the same (mutant) genotype. One advantage of variegations is that they provide a means of studying genes for proteins that are important for chloroplast development, but for which mutant analysis is difficult, either because mutations in a gene of interest are lethal or because they do not show a readily distinguishable phenotype. This paper focuses on Arabidopsis variegations, for which the most information is available at the molecular level. Perhaps the most interesting of these are variegations caused by defective nuclear gene products in which the cells of the mutant have a uniform genotype. Two questions are of paramount interest: (1) What is the gene product and how does it function in chloroplast biogenesis? (2) What is the mechanism of variegation and why do green sectors arise in plants with a uniform (mutant) genotype? Two paradigms of variegation mechanism are described: immutans (im) and variegated2 (var2). Both mechanisms emphasize compensating activities and the notion of plastid autonomy, but redundant gene products are proposed to play a role in var2, but not in im. It is hypothesized that threshold levels of certain activities are necessary for normal chloroplast development.
A high accuracy volume renderer for unstructured data (1998)

This paper describes a volume rendering system for unstructured data, especially finite element data, that creates images with very high accuracy. The system will currently handle meshes whose cells are either linear or quadratic tetrahedra. Compromises or approximations are not introduced for the sake of efficiency. Whenever possible, exact mathematical solutions for the radiance integrals involved and for interpolation are used. The system will also handle meshes with mixed cell types: tetrahedra, bricks, prisms, wedges, and pyramids, but not with high accuracy. Accurate semi-transparent shaded isosurfaces may be embedded in the volume rendering. For very small cells, subpixel accumulation by splatting is used to avoid sampling error. A revision to an existing accurate visibility ordering algorithm is described, which includes a correction and a method for dramatically increasing its efficiency. Finally, hardware assisted projection and compositing are extended from tetrahedra to arbitrary convex polyhedra.
A Synthesis of dl-Threonine (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of dl-ThreonineHomer Adkins and E. Wilkins ReeveCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 6, 1328–1331Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01273a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01273a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulation of complex geometries in GATE (2009)

Collimator optimization plays an important role in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Nowadays complex geometries are added frequently in new designs and sometimes these geometries have no simple parametric description. The simulation of such a collimator poses a problem if one wants to use the Monte Carlo simulator GATE. A collimator in GATE can only be built using a limited set of parametric descriptions. A solution to this problem is a triangulated approximation of the structure at hand. Therefore, new functionality based on the tessellated solids in Geant4 was added to GATE. It makes the simulation of geometries with an arbitrary complexity possible if the virtual reality modeling language (VRML) description of the triangulated volume is provided. Our method was validated against standard GATE for a single knife edge pinhole collimator. The simulated difference for both sensitivity and resolution for the pinhole is lower than 0.48 % for the highest accuracy of triangulation. The major drawback of the current implementation is the computational complexity which increases linearly with the number of triangles.
Derivatised α‐tocopherol as α CoQ<sub>10</sub> carrier in a novel water‐soluble formulation (2003)

We have derivatised alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) to a water-soluble polyoxyethanyl-alpha - tocopheryl sebacate (PTS) and discovered that it formed a non-covalent complex with CoQ10 at a molar ratio of 2:1 (PTS-CoQ10). This complex was water-soluble and remained stable for extended periods of time. After oral delivery of the formulation into rats PTS was hydrolysed to vitamin E and elevated levels of both vitamin E and CoQ10 in blood plasma were detected within 1 h. Thus, this aqueous formulation contains a combination of two potent antioxidants. The formulation's efficacy was tested against ischemic brain damage caused by a transient (8 min) bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries in rats. The animals received PTS-CoQ10 by two intraperitoneal injections given immediately after ischemia and 3 h later and the brain damage was assessed up to 12 days post-ischemia. A significant neuroprotection was observed in the CA1 hippocampal region, for example at 12 days approximately 50% of CA1 neurons were still alive in the treated animals versus less than 5% in the non-treated group. Our data is consistent with previously published observations indicating the therapeutic potential of antioxidants for treatments of ischemia/reperfusion injuries and the formulation described here is particularly appropriate for the application in acute conditions, such as stroke or cardiac arrest.
Some effects of acupuncture at Jen Chung (Go-26) on cardiovascular dynamics in dogs. (1977)

The cardiovascular effects of two types of acupuncture, needling with twirling and moxibustion by electrocautery, at Jen Chung (Go-26) were studied in dogs with chronically implanted electromagnetic flowmeter probes, during 0.75% halothane anesthesia with a succinylcholine drip to allow controlled ventilation. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, acid-base and blood gases were measured over a two hour period. During and following moxibustion by electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26) there was a generally significant increase (5% level) in cardiac output and stroke volume and an initially significant increase in heart rate, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure. There was a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance following moxibustion by electrocautery and an initially significant decrease in total peripheral resistance following moxibustion by electrocautery and an initially significant decrease in total peripheral resistance following needling with twirling. It was observed in this investigation that moxibustion by electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26) produced more significant changes in cardiovascular dynamics in dogs than needling with twirling.
Vulcanizate Properties from a New Perfluoroelastomer (1971)

Abstract Vulcanizate properties of a new high performance elastomer, a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether) and a small amount of a third perfluoromonomer containing an active cure site, are described. The material may be compounded with various reinforcing agents (black exhibits the greatest reinforcing power) or as a gum stock. Perfluorinated oils such as Krytox § may be added as plasticizers. The vulcanizates show outstanding chemical resistance to many alkalies, acids, oxidizing agents and reducing agents; outstanding resistance to air oxidation at temperatures in the 400 ° – 550 ° F range; low volume swell in many organic fluids such as ketones, esters, nitriles, hydrocarbons and halogenated solvents, including the proprietary hydraulic fluids and jet fuels; and good high temperature (to 550 ° F) compression set.
Comet assay to measure DNA repair: approach and applications (2014)

Cellular repair enzymes remove virtually all DNA damage before it is fixed; repair therefore plays a crucial role in preventing cancer. Repair studied at the level of transcription correlates poorly with enzyme activity, and so assays of phenotype are needed. In a biochemical approach, substrate nucleoids containing specific DNA lesions are incubated with cell extract; repair enzymes in the extract induce breaks at damage sites; and the breaks are measured with the comet assay. The nature of the substrate lesions defines the repair pathway to be studied. This in vitro DNA repair assay has been modified for use in animal tissues, specifically to study the effects of aging and nutritional intervention on repair. Recently, the assay was applied to different strains of Drosophila melanogaster proficient and deficient in DNA repair. Most applications of the repair assay have been in human biomonitoring. Individual DNA repair activity may be a marker of cancer susceptibility; alternatively, high repair activity may result from induction of repair enzymes by exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Studies to date have examined effects of environment, nutrition, lifestyle, and occupation, in addition to clinical investigations.