gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE WAGNER–NELSON METHOD MAKES THE [<sup>13</sup>C]‐BREATH TEST COMPARABLE TO RADIOSCINTIGRAPHY IN MEASURING GASTRIC EMPTYING OF A SOLID/LIQUID MIXED MEAL IN HUMANS (2007)

1. Scintigraphy is the gold standard for measuring gastric emptying, but the use of radioactive isotopes can produce substantial irradiation. The [(13)C]-acetate/octanoic acid breath test is widely used as a non-radioactive alternative. 2. The half [(13)CO(2)] excretion time (T1/2b) is closely correlated with the scintigraphic half-emptying time (T1/2s). However T1/2b, is consistently remote from T1/2s, because the distribution of [(13)CO(2)] into the bicarbonate pool delays the respiratory excretion of the [(13)C] marker, which has already been emptied from the stomach. The time for the distribution process should be adjusted to diminish the discrepancy between the results of the scintigraphic and breath tests. 3. The Wagner-Nelson method provides an accurate profile of drug absorption. We have recently applied the Wagner-Nelson method to breath testing to adjust the time for [(13)CO(2)] distribution. In the present study, the [(13)C]-breath test with Wagner-Nelson analysis was compared with scintigraphy. 4. Six female volunteers simultaneously underwent scintigraphy and the breath test on two occasions, either to measure gastric emptying of the liquid phase (16 kcal) or for that of the solid phase (214 kcal). Time-percentage gastric retention curves were generated by scintigraphy and the breath test with Wagner-Nelson analysis. The half-emptying times were determined by interpolation from the scintigraphic curve (T1/2s) and the Wagner-Nelson curve (T1/2WN). T1/2b was calculated by conventional curve-fitting techniques. 5. For liquid and solid emptying, the gastric retention curves generated by the Wagner-Nelson method were comparable to the scintigraphic retention curves. For the liquid, T1/2b was significantly longer than T1/2s (93.8 +/- 7.3 vs 14.2 +/- 9.3 min, respectively; P < 0.0001), as was also observed for the solid phase (147.8 +/- 34.4 vs 35.3 +/- 11.2 min, respectively; P < 0.0001). In contrast, no significant differences were found between T1/2WN and T1/2s for the liquid (13.5 +/- 5.0 vs 14.2 +/- 9.3 min, respectively; P = 0.734) and the solid (45.8 +/- 10.2 vs 35.3 +/- 11.2 min, respectively; P = 0.051) phase. 6. In conclusion, Wagner-Nelson analysis makes the [(13)C]-breath test comparable to scintigraphy.
Prognostic Value of Different Indices of Blood Pressure Variability in Hypertensive Patients (2009)

In this study, high ARV of daytime systolic BP resulted in an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients, while high s.d. did not. Our data suggest that, in comparison to s.d., ARV could be a more appropriate index of BP variability and a more useful predictor of outcomes.
Determination of Δ<sup>1</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol in human fat biopsies from marihuana users by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (1989)

Abstract A gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for analysis of Δ 1 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 1 ‐THC) in human fat samples is described. The fat sample, obtained from heavy marihuana users 1 week before and 4 weeks after smoking, is homogenized in hexane + 2‐propanol, centrifuged, and the supernatant mixed with Lipidex 5000. The solvent is evaporated and the dried gel is packed in a glass column. Δ 1 ‐THC is eluted from the column with methanol + water + acetic acid, diluted with water and the eluent is passed through a bed of Octadecylsilanebonded silica. After washing and drying, the retained Δ 1 ‐THC is eluted with hexane, derivatized with N‐methyl‐N‐( t ‐butyl‐dimethysilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) and finally purified by HPLC on an Octadecyl SI 100 column in methanol. The amount of Δ 1 ‐THC is determined by GC/MS, using selected ion monitoring, and a deuterated internal standard. The recovery of Δ 1 ‐THC is about 80%, and the concentration of Δ 1 ‐THC in the fat samples analysed ranged between 0.4 and 193 ng/g wet tissue.
Precise Asymptotic Analysis of the Tunstall Code (2006)

We study the Tunstall code using the machinery from the analysis of algorithms literature. In particular, we propose an algebraic characterization of the Tunstall code which, together with tools like the Mellin transform and the Tauberian theorems, leads to new results on the variance and a central limit theorem for dictionary phrase lengths. This analysis also provides a new argument for obtaining asymptotic results about the mean dictionary phrase length and average redundancy rates
Similar co-stimulation requirements of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> primary T helper cells: role of IL-1 and IL-6 in inducing IL-2 secretion and subsequent proliferation (1992)

Primary murine CD4+ and CD8+ T helper (Th) cells provide help for various immune responses by secreting lymphokines which activate effector cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the co-stimulatory signals that, together with T cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking, induce phenotypically distinct primary Th cells to secrete IL-2 and proliferate. We isolated highly purified populations of primary CD4+ or CD8+ T cells and stimulated them in vitro with platebound anti-CD3 mAb. TCR cross-linking by anti-CD3 mAb induced both IL-2 receptor expression and responsiveness to exogenous IL-2, but was not sufficient to induce either IL-2 secretion or T cell proliferation. Rather, for both CD4+ and CD8+ primary Th cells, IL-2 secretion and proliferation required both TCR cross-linking and antigen presenting cell (APC)-derived co-stimulatory signals. Based on G-10 adherence and sensitivity to gamma-irradiation, the APC populations able to induce primary CD4+ Th cells and primary CD8+ Th cells to secrete IL-2 were indistinguishable. In addition, we found that either IL-1 or IL-6 could replace the requirement for APC-derived co-stimulatory signals for IL-2 secretion and proliferation by both primary CD4+ Th cells and primary CD8+ Th cells. Thus, the present study has examined and compared the co-stimulatory requirements of rigorously purified subsets of IL-2-secreting primary CD4+ and primary CD8+ T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations (2002)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations accumulate with age in tissues of a variety of species. Although the relatively low calculated abundance of these deletion mutations in whole tissue homogenates led some investigators to suggest that these mutations do not have any physiological impact, their focal and segmental accumulation suggests that they can, and do, accumulate to levels sufficient to affect the metabolism of a tissue. This phenomenon is most clearly demonstrated in skeletal muscle, where the accumulation of mtDNA deletion mutations remove critical subunits that encode for the electron transport system (ETS). In this review, we detail and provide evidence for a molecular basis of muscle fiber loss with age. Our data suggest that the mtDNA deletion mutations, which are generated in tissues with age, cause muscle fiber loss. Within a fiber, the process begins with a mtDNA replication error, an error that results in a loss of 25-80% of the mitochondrial genome. This smaller genome is replicated and, through a process not well understood, eventually comprises the majority of mtDNA within the small affected region of the muscle fiber. The preponderance of the smaller genomes results in a dysfunctional ETS in the affected area. As a consequence of both the decline in energy production and the increase in oxidative damage in the region, the fiber is no longer capable of self-maintenance, resulting in the observed intrafiber atrophy and fiber breakage. We are therefore proposing that a process contained within a very small region of a muscle fiber can result in breakage and loss of muscle fiber from the tissue.
Fuzzy collision avoidance for industrial robots (2002)

An advanced concept to solve the collision avoidance problem in multi-robot workcells is presented which holds realtime conditions for industrial robot controllers. The approach is based on a fuzzy set description of critical configurations between robots in a common workspace. The authors' strategy assumes a careful offline path planning to unburden the algorithm from online path planning but to handle extraordinary events, which can not be treated offline. Though the authors' collision avoidance strategy is local, in general it switches towards the preplanned trajectory with decreasing degree of conflict and finally reaches planned goal positions. To handle the collision avoidance problem in realtime, the complex kinematic chain of any industrial robot with six degrees of freedom is replaced by a drastically reduced actual robot (RAR). Fuzzification of the actual RAR position in a workspace provides a fuzzy membership vector to sectors, which subdivide the robots' cylindrical workspace. A practical fuzzy-rulebase is given to evaluate the degree of conflict between the actual fuzzy membership vectors of two RARs and to propose secure fuzzy-membership vectors. Defuzzification gives crisp locations of a collision-free trajectory which are restricted by the preplanned trajectory locations if the conflict is small. The efficiency of this strategy is illustrated by an example with two PUMA 562 robots in decoupled motion.
A Numerical Study on Diesel Engine Size-Scaling in Low Temperature Combustion Operation (2010)

A numerical study was conducted for diesel engine size-scaling in the low temperature combustion regime. Conventional scaling models were found to be inadequate for the low temperature combustion regime where chemical time scales become very important. Equal-time scaling was suggested to ensure the same chemical time scale for the scaled engines. With this approach, combustion phasing was well matched. However, peak in-cylinder pressure was higher in the upscaled engine, which is attributed to more homogeneous mixture conditions due to smaller surface to volume ratio (i.e., less wall friction). The overly enhanced mixing can be compensated with lower injection velocity.
A Study for Identification of Bending Rigidity of a Beam (2004)

In solving inverse problems, a priori assumption for the solution is needed in many cases. It is difficult to obtain a reasonable solution if the assumption has some errors. To conquer this problem, the authors have proposed a scheme which combines a method of discretizing a function using the delta functions with the boundary element method (BEM). In this study, the scheme is applied to the identification of bending rigidity of a beam. The method using the delta function is especially applicable to this problem because the second derivative of the objective function (bending rigidity) included in the basic integral equation must be treated. The new scheme will deal with it well while the usual element may lose its information due to differentiation. Besides, it will express a sudden change of the objective function such as a step change pretty well while it is difficult to interpolate such a function by the usual element. The new scheme is applied to identify the bending rigidity of beams with various shapes. It is demonstrated that sufficiently accurate results can be obtained regardless of the shape of the rigidity distribution, without the need for any a priori assumptions.
Black tea and mammary gland carcinogenesis by 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rats fed control or high fat diets (1998)

Epidemiological studies suggest that tea may reduce cancer risk, and in laboratory rodents, chemopreventive effects of tea or purified extracts of tea have been demonstrated in lung, gastrointestinal tract and skin. There is some evidence of chemoprevention by tea in the mammary gland, but the data are not conclusive. In order to evaluate more fully the possible influence of black tea on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary gland tumors in the female S-D (Sprague-Dawley) rat, three large studies were performed: experiment 1, tumorigenesis in rats fed AIN-76A diet and given 25 mg/kg DMBA and 1.25 or 2.5% whole tea extract or water to drink; experiment 2, tumorigenesis in rats given 15 mg/kg DMBA and the same diet and fluids as in experiment 1; experiment 3, tumorigenesis in rats fed control or HF (high fat, corn oil) diet and given 15 mg/kg DMBA and 2% tea or water to drink. Tea was given throughout the experiment; DMBA was given by gastric gavage at 8 weeks of age. There was no consistent effect of tea on tumorigenesis in rats fed AIN-76A diet; there was, however, evidence in experiment 3 of a reduction of tumorigenesis by tea in rats fed the HF diet. In experiment 3, rats fed the HF diet and given water showed the expected increase in tumor burden (number and weight) compared with rats fed control diet. However, rats fed the HF diet and given 2% tea showed no increase in tumor burden; their tumor burden was significantly lower than in rats fed the HF diet and given water (P < 0.01) and was not different from rats fed control diet and given water or tea. In addition, in experiment 3, the number of malignant tumors per tumor-bearing rat was increased by the HF diet in water-drinking rats (P < 0.01) but not in tea-drinking rats. Therefore, it appears that tea partially blocked the promotion of DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis by the HF diet.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in primary human breast cancer: MMP-9 as a potential biomarker for cancer invasion and metastasis. (2014)

Gene expression signatures are unique for specific grades. Overexpression of MMPs in higher grades might be associated with BC tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, MMPs, and MMP-9 in particular, are reliable candidates for diagnostic biomarker and drug target and further functional analyses have to be performed in order to confirm their role in BC. Our results also suggest the incidence of MMP-9 expression is high in IDC, but it is of limited prognostic value.
All‐Printed Porous Carbon Film for Electricity Generation from Evaporation‐Driven Water Flow (2017)

Converting environmental “waste energies” into electricity via a natural process is an ideal strategy for environmental energy harvesting and supplying power for distributed energy‐consuming devices. This paper reports that evaporation‐driven water flow within an all‐printed porous carbon film can reliably generate sustainable voltage up to 1 V with a power density of ≈8.1 µW cm −3 under ambient conditions. The output performance of the device can be easily scaled up and used to power low‐power consumption electronic devices or for energy storage. Furthermore, the device is successfully used without electric storage as a direct power source for electrodeposition of silver microstructures. Because of the ubiquity of water evaporation in nature and the low cost of materials involved, the study presents a novel avenue to harvest ambient energy and has potential applications in low‐cost, green, self‐powered devices and systems.
Endothelial nanomedicine for the treatment of pulmonary disease (2014)

For the diseases profiled here, numerous nanomedicine agents have shown promise in animal models. However, to maximize the chances of creating products that reach patients, nanomedicine engineers and clinicians must work together and use each disease's need specification to guide the design of practical and effective nanomedicine agents.
Predicting accurate and actionable static analysis warnings (2008)

Static analysis tools report software defects that may or may not be detected by other verification methods. Two challenges complicating the adoption of these tools are spurious false positive warnings and legitimate warnings that are not acted on. This paper reports automated support to help address these challenges using logistic regression models that predict the foregoing types of warnings from signals in the warnings and implicated code. Because examining many potential signaling factors in large software development settings can be expensive, we use a screening methodology to quickly discard factors with low predictive power and cost-effectively build predictive models. Our empirical evaluation indicates that these models can achieve high accuracy in predicting accurate and actionable static analysis warnings, and suggests that the models are competitive with alternative models built without screening.
Initial experience with the human anti‐human CD154 monoclonal antibody, ABI793, in pig‐to‐baboon xenotransplantation (2004)

ABI functions in baboons, is well-tolerated, and prevents an elicited antibody response to pig antigens.
Biophoton Emission from the Hands (2002)

Biophoton emissions from the palms and the backs of the hands were measured for twenty healthy subjects. About 34 % more biophotons (in the range of 300-650 nm) were observed from the hands than from the background, but no significant difference was observed between the palms and the back of the hands. No marked dependence on age or gender was found. Photo-counting statistics were analyzed to study the coherence of biophotons, and the measured biophotons from the hands lacked the usual coherence because of the large area and the long measurement time. PACS numbers: 87
Charging Effects on Bonding and Catalyzed Oxidation of CO on Au <sub>8</sub> Clusters on MgO (2005)

Gold octamers (Au8) bound to oxygen-vacancy F-center defects on Mg(001) are the smallest clusters to catalyze the low-temperature oxidation of CO to CO2, whereas clusters deposited on close-to-perfect magnesia surfaces remain chemically inert. Charging of the supported clusters plays a key role in promoting their chemical activity. Infrared measurements of the stretch vibration of CO adsorbed on mass-selected gold octamers soft-landed on MgO(001) with coadsorbed O2 show a red shift on an F-center-rich surface with respect to the perfect surface. The experiments agree with quantum ab initio calculations that predict that a red shift of the C-O vibration should arise via electron back-donation to the CO antibonding orbital.
Drop Spectrometer: A Non-Obstructive, Non-Interfering Instrument for Analyzing Hydrodynamic Properties of Human Urination (1969)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1969Drop Spectrometer: A Non-Obstructive, Non-Interfering Instrument for Analyzing Hydrodynamic Properties of Human Urination Norman R. Zinner, Rogers C. Ritter, Arthur M. Sterling, and Donald C. Harding Norman R. ZinnerNorman R. Zinner More articles by this author , Rogers C. RitterRogers C. Ritter More articles by this author , Arthur M. SterlingArthur M. Sterling More articles by this author , and Donald C. HardingDonald C. Harding More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)62453-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1969 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByTripathi V and Sridhar M (2018) Urodiagrams: A New Method of Uroflow Pattern AnalysisJournal of Urology, VOL. 130, NO. 2, (309-311), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1983.Raz S, Martin J and Kaufman J (2018) A Carbon Dioxide FlowmeterJournal of Urology, VOL. 118, NO. 6, (1035-1036), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1977.Raz S and Adler D (2018) Clinical Applications of a New UroflowmeterJournal of Urology, VOL. 113, NO. 5, (678-680), Online publication date: 1-May-1975.Susset J, Picker P, Kretz M and Jorest R (2018) Critical Evaluation of Uroflowmeters and Analysis of Normal CurvesJournal of Urology, VOL. 109, NO. 5, (874-878), Online publication date: 1-May-1973.Zinner N, Sterling A, Ritter R, Harding D and Baker D (2018) Detection and Location of Obstruction in the Human Male Subject by Analysis of the Urinary StreamJournal of Urology, VOL. 106, NO. 1, (115-121), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1971.Zinner N, Ritter R, Sterling A, Harding D and Baker D (2018) Clinical Applications of Drop Spectrometry as a Non-Obstructive, Non-Interfering Method for Analyzing Hydrodynamic Properties of Human UrinationJournal of Urology, VOL. 102, NO. 4, (485-489), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1969. Volume 101Issue 6June 1969Page: 914-918 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1969 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Norman R. Zinner More articles by this author Rogers C. Ritter More articles by this author Arthur M. Sterling More articles by this author Donald C. Harding More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
f-CNNx: A Toolflow for Mapping Multiple Convolutional Neural Networks on FPGAs (2018)

The predictive power of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has been an integral factor for emerging latency-sensitive applications, such as autonomous drones and vehicles. Such systems employ multiple CNNs, each one trained for a particular task. The efficient mapping of multiple CNNs on a single FPGA device is a challenging task as the allocation of compute resources and external memory bandwidth needs to be optimised at design time. This paper proposes f-CNNx, an automated toolflow for the optimised mapping of multiple CNNs on FPGAs, comprising a novel multi-CNN hardware architecture together with an automated design space exploration method that considers the user-specified performance requirements for each model to allocate compute resources and generate a synthesisable accelerator. Moreover, f-CNNx employs a novel scheduling algorithm that alleviates the limitations of the memory bandwidth contention between CNNs and sustains the high utilisation of the architecture. Experimental evaluation shows that f-CNNx's designs outperform contention-unaware FPGA mappings by up to 50% and deliver up to 6.8x higher performance-per-Watt over highly optimised GPU designs for multi-CNN systems.
Elevated expression of the CD4 receptor and cell cycle arrest are induced in Jurkat cells by treatment with the novel cyclic dinucleotide 3′,5′‐cyclic diguanylic acid (1999)

The effect of the novel, naturally occurring nucleotide cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) on the lymphoblastoid CD4+ Jurkat cell line was studied. When exposed to 50 microM c-di-GMP, Jurkat cells exhibited a markedly elevated expression of the CD4 receptor of up to 6.3-fold over controls. C-di-GMP also causes blockage of the cell cycle at the S-phase, characterized by increased cellular thymidine uptake, reduction in G2/M-phase cells, increase in S-phase cells and decreased cell division. Additionally c-di-GMP naturally enters these cells and binds irreversibly to the P21ras protein. The effects described appear to be unique for c-di-GMP.
Accidental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by dural cadaveric grafts. (1994)

Four patients who received dural grafts of cadaveric origin in the course of posterior fossa procedures subsequently developed Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The interval from dural placement to clinical onset of CJD ranged from 16 months to nine years. Initial clinical presentation consisted of cerebellar symptoms, with dementia and myoclonus developing in later stages of the disease. EEGs showed diffuse slowing that evolved to a periodic activity pattern. CT and MRI were unremarkable in the early stages but pronounced cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with widened sulci and collections of fluid over the convexities were seen in the late stages of disease. The diagnosis was histologically proved by brain biopsy in all four cases. Molecular genetic analysis showed that the four patients were homozygous for methionine at codon 129 of the PrP gene. From this experience, and from six previous descriptions of this occurrence in the literature, it is manifest that awareness of the means of iatrogenic transmission of CJD, and the adoption of preventive measures, constitute the only effective way to stop the spread of CJD among patients who have neurosurgery.