gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a haptic virtual environment (2003)

Haptics is a technology that creates a sense of touch in a multi-modal media. The availability of force feedback, haptics, requires the formation of haptic virtual objects. To aid in the creation of the haptic objects we have developed G/sub 2/H, an interface between a commercial graphics and animation software package and the PHANToM haptic device. G/sub 2/H is a modifier type plug-in that can be applied to any virtual object (created or imported). Application of the modifier converts objects into haptic objects. The objects can then be immediately touched with the haptic device in a number of configurable view-ports provided by the graphics software. G/sub 2/H also allows the dynamic changing of haptic object properties, such as stiffness and static and dynamic friction A physical medical model is used to develop haptic virtual 3D objects on a PC/NT platform. A commercially available digitizer and the graphics package are used to create virtual 3D objects. The application of G/sub 2/H then converts these objects into haptic objects. The process makes it possible to develop complex and precise haptic virtual objects without writing code, thus allowing developers to work at a higher level than that offered by current labor-intensive techniques. For PC/NT based haptic virtual applications, this capability allows touchable objects, including volumetric objects, to be quickly created with a high degree of resolution.
Parallel-to-Axis Uniform Cubemap Projection for Omnidirectional Video (2019)

Omnidirectional video can provide an immersive visual experience by presenting a 360° video content. For omnidirectional video, pixels on the sphere need to be mapped onto a two-dimensional plane to adapt to the existing coding standards. Equirectangular Projection (ERP) and Cubemap Projection (CMP) have excessive sampling density on some sampling regions, which results in unnecessary sampling pixels. In this paper, Parallel-to-Axis Uniform Cubemap Projection (PAU) is proposed. After projecting the sphere to a cube like CMP, an equal-angle mapping position adjustment is used to sample the sphere more uniformly. After adjustment, one chosen axis is equal-angle sampled and each line parallel to the other axis is sampled equiangularly in the proposed format. Experimental results show that our proposed projection format can achieve 10.68% bitrate gain compared to ERP.
Apoptotic Sensitivity of Colon Cancer Cells to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Is Mediated by an Sp1/Sp3-Activated Transcriptional Program Involving Immediate-Early Gene Induction (2010)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce growth arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells and are being considered for colon cancer therapy. The underlying mechanism of action of these effects is poorly defined with both transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms implicated. We screened a panel of 30 colon cancer cell lines for sensitivity to HDACi-induced apoptosis and correlated the differences with gene expression patterns induced by HDACi in the five most sensitive and resistant lines. A robust and reproducible transcriptional response involving coordinate induction of multiple immediate-early (fos, jun, egr1, egr3, atf3, arc, nr4a1) and stress response genes (Ndrg4, Mt1B, Mt1E, Mt1F, Mt1H) was selectively induced in HDACi sensitive cells. Notably, a significant percentage of these genes were basally repressed in colon tumors. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the promoter regions of the HDACi-induced genes were enriched for KLF4/Sp1/Sp3 transcription factor binding sites. Altering KLF4 levels failed to modulate apoptosis or transcriptional responses to HDACi treatment. In contrast, HDACi preferentially stimulated the activity of Spl/Sp3 and blocking their action attenuated both the transcriptional and apoptotic responses to HDACi treatment. Our findings link HDACi-induced apoptosis to activation of a Spl/Sp3-mediated response that involves derepression of a transcriptional network basally repressed in colon cancer.
Impedance Characterization of Microarray Recording Electrodes in Vitro (2005)

The mechanisms underlying performance degradation of chronically implanted silicon microelectrode arrays in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. Humoral and cellular components of the brain foreign body response were evaluated to determine whether their presence on the electrode surface results in increased electrical impedance. Iridium oxide microelectrode recording arrays were electrically characterized in saline, culture media with 10% fetal bovine serum, and coated with various CNS cell types isolated from rat brain. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were performed using a three-electrode system. Potential cycling caused an immediate decrease in electrical impedance, which increased with time toward precycling values, with the effect of cycling remaining significant for several days. The addition of serum caused a significant increase in impedance of up to 28% relative to the saline control. Microelectrodes coated with various cell types known to participate in the foreign body response caused a 20%-80% increase in impedance immediately after contact that remained constant or gradually increased for several weeks. Our findings suggest that the attachment of molecular and cellular species following microelectrode implantation into brain tissue likely contribute to increases in impedance, but do not appear sufficient to hinder recording performance.
Panorama Phylogenetic Diversity and Distribution of Type A Influenza Virus (2009)

Here, two panorama phylogenetic trees of type A influenza virus covering all the 16 hemagglutinin subtypes and 9 neuraminidase subtypes, respectively, were generated. The trees provided us whole views and some novel information to recognize influenza A viruses including that some subtypes of avian influenza viruses are more complicated than Eurasian and North American lineages as we thought in the past. They also provide us a framework to generalize the history and explore the future of the viral circulation and evolution in different kinds of hosts. In addition, a simple and comprehensive nomenclature system for the dozens of lineages and sublineages identified within the viral type was proposed, which if universally accepted, will facilitate communications on the viral evolution, ecology and epidemiology.
An Integrated Power-Efficient Active Rectifier With Offset-Controlled High Speed Comparators for Inductively Powered Applications (2011)

We present an active full-wave rectifier with offset-controlled high speed comparators in standard CMOS that provides high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in high frequency (HF) range for inductively powered devices. This rectifier provides much lower dropout voltage and far better PCE compared to the passive on-chip or off-chip rectifiers. The built-in offset-control functions in the comparators compensate for both turn-on and turn-off delays in the main rectifying switches, thus maximizing the forward current delivered to the load and minimizing the back current to improve the PCE. We have fabricated this active rectifier in a 0.5-μm 3M2P standard CMOS process, occupying 0.18 mm(2) of chip area. With 3.8 V peak ac input at 13.56 MHz, the rectifier provides 3.12 V dc output to a 500 Ω load, resulting in the PCE of 80.2%, which is the highest measured at this frequency. In addition, overvoltage protection (OVP) as safety measure and built-in back telemetry capabilities have been incorporated in our design using detuning and load shift keying (LSK) techniques, respectively, and tested.
The plant mitochondrial genome: homologous recombination as a mechanism for generating heterogeneity (1988)

Abstract The mitochondrial genomes of higher plants are among the largest and most complex organelle genomes described. They are generally multicircular or partly linear; in some species, extrachromosomal plasmids are present. It is proposed that inter- and intramolecular homologous recombination can account for the diversity of the observed genome organizations. The ability of mitochondria to fuse establishes a panmictic mitochondrial DNA population which is in recombinational equilibrium. It is suggested that this suppresses the base mutation rate, and unequal partitioning of the cytoplasm during cell division can lead to the rapid evolution of mitochondrial genome structure. This contrasts with the observed rates of base-sequence and genome evolution in chloroplasts. This difference can be accounted for solely by the inability of chloroplasts to fuse, thereby preventing chloroplast genome panmixis.
A new beacon order adaptation algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 networks (2005)

The new IEEE 802.15.4 standard enables deployment of low-rate low-power personal area networks. It provides a mechanism for adaptation of the protocols duty cycle during runtime. In this paper we propose BOAA, a new algorithm for beacon order adaptation in IEEE 802.15.4 star-topology networks. By observing the communication frequency, the coordinator in such a network determines the required duty cycle and adapts the beacon interval accordingly. Investigations reveal that the algorithm enables power saving with a trade-off according to message delay
On the Lánczos method for solving symmetric linear systems with several right-hand sides (1987)

This paper analyzes a few methods based on the Lanczos algorithm for solving large sparse symmetric linear systems with several right-hand sides. The methods examined are suitable for the situation when the right sides are not too different from one another, as is often the case in time-dependent or parameter-dependent problems. We propose a theoretical error bound for the approximation obtained from a projection process onto a Krylov subspace generated from processing a previous right-hand side.
Genomic composition and allelic polymorphisms influence V beta usage by the Mycoplasma arthritidis superantigen (1993)

The Mycoplasma arthritidis superantigen (MAM) is produced by an organism that causes systemic disease in rodents leading to chronic proliferative arthritis. MAM is a typical superantigen that requires presentation to T cells by MHC molecules without processing and T cell recognition of MAM occurs through the V beta chains of the TCR. Several major findings are presented here. First, different MAM-MHC class II isotype complexes may engage different sets of V beta TCR. Thus, activation of V beta 6- and V beta 8.3-bearing T cells is more dependent upon the I-E molecule of the murine H-2 MHC than is activation of cells bearing the V beta 5.1, 8.1, and 8.2 TCR. Secondly, both genomic composition and allelic polymorphisms at the V beta chain segment of the TCR exert profound effects upon the pattern of V beta that are used by MAM. Thus, in V beta b haplotype mice, MAM engages V beta 5.1, 6, and the V beta 8 family of TCR whereas in V beta a (C57BR) and V beta c (RIIIS) haplotype mice that lack various combinations of these V beta, activation of cells bearing V beta 1, 3.1, 7, and 16 can be demonstrated. These differences in V beta usage by MAM appear to be caused by both differences in the avidity of MAM for the various V beta s and to structural allelic polymorphisms in these V beta. Clonal expansion of specific V beta in vivo after injection of MAM is also dependent upon the genomic composition of the mice, because expansion of the V beta 8 TCR seen in V beta b haplotype mice (B10.RIII) whereas marked expansion of V beta 6 is seen in V beta a mice (C57BR). In as much as these TCR have been implicated in a number of experimental autoimmune diseases, MAM may represent an ideal model to evaluate the role of superantigens in the triggering of autoimmune disease.
Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy study of the electrochemical behavior of naked and <i>n</i>-alkanethiol-modified Au(111) surfaces in F−- and CN−-containing electrolyte solutions (1995)

We report an electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) study of CN−- and F−-induced etching of naked and n-alkanethiol-modified Au(111) surfaces. We use electrochemical methods to activate or deactivate etching of the Au surface, and we monitor changes in surface topography simultaneously using STM. In F−-containing electrolytes we have observed that the STM tip can induce surface–atom diffusion in the electrochemical environment thereby enhancing surface pitting, island growth, and step edge movement. At potentials more negative than −150 mV (vs Ag/AgCl) the tip selectively removes Au atoms from surface defects and enhances growth on terraces. Similarly, we have found that the STM tip can profoundly alter the CN−-induced dissolution rate of Au. On naked Au surfaces held at extreme negative potentials, no CN− etching of the surface occurs. However, at slightly more positive potentials the surface is homogeneously etched. At intermediate potentials the area under the scanning STM tip is selectively etched at positive tip biases, but at slightly more negative biases etching proceeds less rapidly in the scanned region. Finally, when the Au(111) surface is modified with a single self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of organomercaptan molecules, surface etching processes are dramatically attenuated regardless of the substrate potential or tip bias.
A phospholipase C from Trypanosoma brucei which selectively cleaves the glycolipid on the variant surface glycoprotein. (1986)

The surface coat of Trypanosoma brucei is composed of 10(7) molecules of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). Each VSG molecule is tethered to the cell membrane by a glycolipid moiety which contains 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-phosphatidylinositol (Ferguson, M. A. J., Low, M. G., and Cross, G. A. M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 14547-14555). Following cell lysis, an endogenous phospholipase C cleaves dimyristoyl glycerol from the glycolipid, releasing soluble VSG. We have purified this enzyme, which we designate VSG lipase, by detergent extraction, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, and cation exchange chromatography. It is purified 2600-fold and is virtually homogeneous. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the apparent molecular mass is 37 kDa. In solutions containing the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS), the Stokes radius (2.6 nm), S20,w (3.7 S), and v (0.77 cm3/g) of VSG lipase suggest a molecular mass for the native enzyme of about 47 kDa, part of which may be due to bound CHAPS. Therefore, it is probably monomeric. VSG lipase does not require Ca2+; it is stimulated by chelating agents or dithiothreitol, and it is inhibited by some sulfhydryl reagents. The purified enzyme appears to be highly specific. Under the conditions of our assay, it cleaves the VSG glycolipid, a biosynthetic precursor of the VSG glycolipid, and, to a much lesser extent, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-phosphatidylinositol. There was no apparent cleavage of other myristate-containing lipids of trypanosomes or 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-phosphatidylinositol.
The Effects of Self-Construal and Perceived Control on Privacy Concerns (2007)

Recent advances in mobile computing technology have led to a proliferation of location-based services (LBS). Although LBS offer users the flexibility of accessing networks and services while on the move, potential privacy violations have emerged as a contentious issue because information related to the consumer’s identity, movements, behavior, and habits are available to the LBS provider. Adopting the psychological control and self-construal perspectives, this paper focuses on three leading mechanisms that can alleviate privacy concerns in the LBS context. We draw from the control agency and self-construal theories to propose a framework linking three mechanisms (privacy-enhancing technology, industry self-regulation, and government legislation) to privacy concerns through the mediating effects of perceived control the moderating role of self-construal. We test the predictions of the framework using data obtained from 141 mobile phone users through an experiment. Results show that all the three mechanisms are effective in increasing perceived control, which in turn mitigates privacy concerns. We also find that people who value independent-self prefer personal control through technology-based mechanisms; whereas people who value interdependent-self prefer proxy control through industry self-regulation and through government legislation. In addition to enhancing our theoretical understanding of information privacy in the LBS context, these findings have important implications for LBS providers and consumers, as well as for regulatory bodies and LBS technology developers.
Multipath Selection in Multi-radio Mesh Networks (2006)

Research has shown that multi-radio multi-channel mesh networks provide significant capacity gains over single-radio mesh networks. Traditional single path routing can lead to poor utilization of the available channels in these networks. Opportunistic multipath routing can better exploit the available channel diversity in a multi-radio network. The goal of this paper is to select multiple paths that, when used concurrently, provide high end-to-end throughput. To this end, we present a metric for multipath selection in multi-radio networks. We evaluate the metric through simulations in Qualnet and show that intelligent multipath routing significantly outperforms single path routing in multi-radio mesh networks.
Epithelial cell signaling responses to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection (2005)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, including the serotype O157:H7 that is most commonly identified with human disease, cause both sporadic cases and outbreaks of non-bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis. In about 10% of infected subjects, the hemolytic uremic syndrome (hemolytic anemic, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure) develops, likely as a consequence of systemic spread of bacterial-derived toxins variously referred to as Shiga-like toxin, Shiga toxin, and Verotoxin. Increasing evidence points to a complex interplay between bacterial products--for example, adhesins and toxins--and host signal transduction pathways in mediating responses to infection. Identification of critical signaling pathways could result in the development of novel strategies for intervention to both prevent and treat this microbial infection in humans.
Arylierungen von cyclischen Guanidin‐Analogen mit α‐halogenierten Anthrachinonen: neue Anthrapyrimidine (1982)

Arylation Reaction of Cyclic Guanidine‐Analogs with α‐Halo‐ anthraquinones: New Anthrapyrimidines 2‐Amino‐benzimidazole gives on Ullmann ‐reaction with α‐halo‐athraquinones such as 1‐amino‐4‐bromoanthraquinone‐2‐sulfonic acid (la) the new benzimidazo‐anthrapyrimidine 2a , whereas 3‐amino‐ triazole gives under the same conditions two products: the 1,2,4‐triazoloanthrapyrimidine 7 and l‐amino‐4‐(3‐amino‐1,2,4‐ triazolyl)anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonic acid ( 8 ). The new structures were elucidated by 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR. and X‐ray analysis.
Vulnerabilities of <i>PTEN</i> – <i>TP53</i> -Deficient Prostate Cancers to Compound PARP–PI3K Inhibition (2014)

The paucity of therapeutic options in advanced prostate cancer displays an urgent need for the preclinical assessment of novel therapeutic strategies. We identified differential therapeutic vulnerabilities that emerge upon the loss of both PTEN and p53, and observed that combined inhibition of PARP and PI3K provides increased efficacy in hormone-insensitive advanced prostate cancer.
<title>Image quality of a prototype direct conversion detector for digital mammography</title> (1999)

A digital mammography system in which the x-ray sensitive device is a solid-state direct conversion detector is under development. This detector is a 1 mm thick silicon photodiode array hybridized to a CCD read-out, with a 50 micrometer pixel pitch. The detector is designed to be used in a slot-scanned system using time-delay integration (TDI) for signal acquisition. To handle the large signal generated in the photodiode, a novel read-out technique was used, in which charge was integrated 'on-chip' over a small number of rows, and the output of each of these sections was digitally summed 'off-chip' to produce the total integrated signal for each pixel in the image. This two-stage integration process not only allows easy acquisition of large signals, it effectively increases bit depth from 12 bits (for a single section) to approximately 16 (for the total integrated signal). The image quality of the device has been measured and compared to predictions based on cascaded linear systems theory. The resolution of the new detector was determined from the modulation transfer function (MTF) which was obtained from over-sampled edge spread functions (ESF). The ESF was measured in both the scan and slot directions from four repeated images of a tantalum edge. Noise power spectra (NPS) were determined from 40 repeated flat-field images at each of several x-ray exposures. By combining the MTF and NPS measurements, the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) was also determined. The MTF in the non-scanned direction was found to greater than 20% at 10 mm<SUP>-1</SUP> and slightly lower in the scanned direction (approximately equals 10% at 10 mm<SUP>-1</SUP>). In all cases, the DQE was at least comparable to film-screen mammography receptors. The DQE at 120 mR detector exposure at zero spatial frequency ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 depending on the sample tested. Electronic noise was fairly low, contributing to less than plus or minus 7 ADU (out of a possible 98304 ADU). Future work will involve re-designing the prototype to use a photoconductor with higher density and atomic number to improve quantum interaction efficiency and reduce geometric constraints on image quality.
Peptide Vaccination of Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (2006)

The addition of low dose GM-CSF to peptide vaccines did not enhance immunogenicity. Higher doses of GM-CSF may be needed to achieve this effect and this is a testable hypothesis. Likewise, better patient selection based on immunologic status (DTH reactivity) may be helpful to better understand the clinical impact of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Technologies for Assessment of Motor Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2015)

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized as the commonest neurodegenerative illness that gradually degenerates the central nervous system. The goal of this review is to come out with a summary of the recent progress of numerous forms of sensors and systems that are related to diagnosis of PD in the past decades. The paper reviews the substantial researches on the application of technological tools (objective techniques) in the PD field applying different types of sensors proposed by previous researchers. In addition, this also includes the use of clinical tools (subjective techniques) for PD assessments, for instance, patient self-reports, patient diaries and the international gold standard reference scale, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Comparative studies and critical descriptions of these approaches have been highlighted in this paper, giving an insight on the current state of the art. It is followed by explaining the merits of the multiple sensor fusion platform compared to single sensor platform for better monitoring progression of PD, and ends with thoughts about the future direction towards the need of multimodal sensor integration platform for the assessment of PD.
Analysis and design of discrete linear control systems (1991)

Preliminary mathematics linear systems state feedback state estimation output feedback feedback and feedforward.