gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Off-Flavors in Pond-Cultured Channel Catfish (1983)

A serious problem in pond culture of fish is the absorption of compounds from the aquatic environment which impart disagreeable flavor in the fish. “Musty” or “muddy” off-flavor is caused by geosmin (trans, 1, 10,-dimethyl-trans-9- decalol) and 2-methylisoborneol. These compounds can be produced by various species of algae and actinomycetes. Aquarium studies with mono-species cultures of geosmin-producing algae indicate that channel catfish can absorb off-flavor compounds exclusive of the digestive tract. Geosmin was absorbed at sensorily detectable levels within 24 hours. Off-flavor can be purged from catfish relatively quickly by holding in clean water for 4-10 days. Temperature influences rate of flavor removal and also rate of weight loss by the fish. Although the “musty-muddy” flavor has been regarded as the predominant pond-related off-flavor in fish, a recent study in which catfish from 220 commercial ponds was sensorily evaluated showed that it accounted for only 17% of the off-flavor. “Sewage” was the dominant flavor in 25% of the off-flavor samples. “Stale”, “rancid”, “metallic”, “moldy”, “petroleum”, and “weedy” were other off-flavors described. Geosmin was chemically identified in the fish with the “musty-muddy” flavor; the other compounds have not been identified.
On the Theoretical Contributions and Contemporary Value of On Practice (2006)

On Practice is the scientific summation of practical experience of Chinese revolution.It is the ideological fruit of both Marxism in China and Marxism of Chinese practical experience.It is also the theoretical cornerstone of Marxism in China.On Practice shows that Chinese Marxists,represented by Mao Zedong,develop Marxism in a creative way and their revolutionary style.The profound connotation of the relation between theory and practice revealed by On Practice,is still of importantly theoretical value and guiding significance for the Chinese Communist Party members,who are engaged in the combination of Marxism with Chinese concrete practice under the new historical condition.
ADVANCED EMISSIONS CONTROL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (1999)

The objective of this project is to develop practical strategies and systems for the simultaneous control of SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, particulate matter, and air toxics emissions from coal-fired boilers in such a way as to keep coal economically and environmentally competitive as a utility boiler fuel. Of particular interest is the control of air toxics emissions through the cost-effective use of conventional flue gas clean-up equipment such as electrostatic precipitators (ESP's), fabric filters (baghouses), and SO{sub 2} removal systems such as wet scrubbers and various clean coal technologies. This objective will be achieved through extensive development testing in the state-of-the art, 10 MW{sub e} equivalent, Clean Environment Development Facility (CEDF). The project has extended the capabilities of the CEDF to facilitate air toxics emissions control development work on backend flue gas cleanup equipment. Specifically, an ESP, a baghouse, and a wet scrubber for SO{sub 2} (and air toxics) control were added--all designed to yield air toxics emissions data under controlled conditions, and with proven predictability to commercial systems. A schematic of the CEDF and the project test equipment is shown in Figure 1. The specific objectives of the project are to: (1) Measure and understand production and partitioning of air toxics species in coal-fired power plant systems; (2) Optimize the air toxics removal performance of conventional flue gas cleanup systems; (3) Quantify the impacts of coal cleaning on air toxics emissions; (4) Identify and/or develop advanced air toxics emissions control concepts; (5) Develop and validate air toxics emissions measurement and monitoring techniques; (6) Establish an air toxics data library to facilitate studies of the impacts of coal selection, coal cleaning, and emissions control strategies on the emissions of coal-fired power plants.
Role of Halogen Bonds in Thyroid Hormone Receptor Selectivity: Pharmacophore-Based 3D-QSSR Studies (2009)

Most physiological effects of thyroid hormones are mediated by the two thyroid hormone receptor subtypes, TRalpha and TRbeta. Several pharmacological effects mediated by TRbeta might be beneficial in important medical conditions such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, and selective TRbeta activation may elicit these effects while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. To understand the molecular determinants of affinity and subtype selectivity of TR ligands, we have successfully employed a ligand- and structure-guided pharmacophore-based approach to obtain the molecular alignment of a large series of thyromimetics. Statistically reliable three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and three-dimensional quantitative structure-selectivity relationship (3D-QSSR) models were obtained using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) method, and the visual analyses of the contour maps drew attention to a number of possible opportunities for the development of analogs with improved affinity and selectivity. Furthermore, the 3D-QSSR analysis allowed the identification of a novel and previously unmentioned halogen bond, bringing new insights to the mechanism of activity and selectivity of thyromimetics.
Use of monoclonal antibodies to locate the chondroitin sulfate chain(s) in type IX collagen. (1986)

Recent results show that type IX collagen isolated from chicken cartilage is associated with one or perhaps two chondroitin sulfate chains. To locate the chondroitin sulfate chain(s) along the type IX collagen molecule, rotary shadowing was performed in the presence of monoclonal antibodies which recognize stubs of chondroitin sulfate generated after chondroitinase ABC digestion. Monoclonal antibodies 9-A-2 and 2-B-6 which recognize stubs of chondroitin 4-sulfate were found to bind specifically to the NC3 domain of type IX collagen, and this binding was dependent on prior digestion of the preparation with chondroitinase ABC. Monoclonal antibody 1-B-5, which recognizes unsulfated stubs of chondroitin sulfate, did not show any specific binding to type IX collagen either with or without chondroitinase ABC digestion. As a control, monoclonal antibody 2C2 was used, which in previous work was shown to bind specifically to an epitope located close to or at the NC2 domain. Binding of this antibody to NC2 was unaffected by chondroitinase ABC digestion, and no specific binding of the antibody to the NC3 domain was detected either before or after chondroitinase ABC digestion.
Cutting Edge: Necrosis Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome (2009)

Cells undergoing necrosis release endogenous danger signals that possess proinflammatory potential. In this study we show that mature IL-1beta and IL-18 are released by necrotic cells but not by apoptotic cells. We identify 7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, an indirubin oxime derivative that induces necrosis, as a potent inducer of caspase-1 activation and release of mature IL-1beta and IL-18. Inflammasome activation was triggered by other necrosis-inducing treatments but was not observed in response to apoptosis-inducing stimuli. Necrosis-induced inflammasome activation was mediated by the NLRP3 and ASC molecules. Release of IL-18 and IL-1beta in response to necrosis-inducing stimuli was observed in THP-1 macrophages and the MSTO-211H human mesothelioma cell line independently of LPS priming. Using the in vivo model of naphthalene-induced airway epithelial cell injury, we showed that necrosis activates the ASC inflammasome in vivo. Our study identifies a new mechanism through which necrosis generates proinflammatory molecules that contributes to the sterile inflammatory response.
A 10.7 MHz continuous-time bandpass filter bipolar IC (1989)

A transconductance-capacitor-based low-power integrator suitable for high-frequency filters is described. With the integrators, a continuous-time bandpass filter IC operating from 10 MHz to 40 MHz with <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</e1> =10 has been fabricated using a standard bipolar process. The measured SNR was 50 dB, and the power consumption was 80 mW
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Insulin Secretion by Isolated Human Pancreatic Islets (1988)

Isolated human pancreatic islets converted [3H8]arachidonate to compounds with the high-performance liquid-chromatographic mobility of cyclooxygenase products, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2 alpha, and the lipoxygenase product 12-HETE. Human islet synthesis of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 12-HETE from endogenous arachidonate was demonstrated with stable isotope dilution-gas chromatographic-negative ion-chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis. Pharmacologic inhibition of arachidonate metabolism by both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways with BW 755C strongly suppressed glucose-induced insulin secretion from perifused human islets, and the selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin enhanced insulin secretion. These findings are similar to those reported for islets isolated from rats and suggest that arachidonate metabolites may modulate glucose-induced insulin secretion in humans.
Designing object systems: object-oriented modelling with Syntropy (1995)

Systems, models and views Part 1 Models of the world: describing structure - the basics describing structure - adding more detail describing behaviour - the basics describing behaviour - adding more detail. Part 2 Models of software: software specification describing the implementation sub-types, inheritance and conformance concurrency. Part 3 System architecture: relationships between models domains encapsulation and reuse. Part 4 The development process.
<i>In silico</i> analysis and experimental validation of azelastine hydrochloride (N4) targeting sodium taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide (<scp>NTCP</scp>) in <scp>HBV</scp> therapy (2014)

In silico analysis and experimental validation together demonstrated that compound N4 can target NTCP in HepG2.2.15 cells, which may shed light on exploring it as a potential anti-HBV drug.
Numerical algorithms for symbolic analysis of large circuits (2006)

Abstract:- This paper presents an algorithm for fast large-change sensitivity computation for approximate symbolic analysis. The sensitivity is used for identifying negligible elements of circuit model that can be removed in order to simplify symbolic solution. The method is based on combination of the Sherman-Morison formula and sparse matrix techniques. Effectiveness of the method was tested on several benchmark circuits.
Comparative cost analysis of collagen injection and fascia lata sling cystourethropexy for the treatment of type III incontinence in women [ssee comments]. (1997)

Fascia lata sling cystourethropexy may be a more cost-effective surgical treatment than periurethral endoscopic collagen injection for treating genuine stress urinary incontinence in women with intrinsic sphincter deficiency when the greater success rate of the former procedure is considered.
A Requirement for Copper in Angiogenesis (2004)

Although two decades have passed since copper was shown to stimulate blood vessel formation in the avascular cornea of rabbits, only recently have clinical trials established that Cu privation by diet or by Cu chelators diminishes a tumor's ability to mount an angiogenic response. These data have shed new light on the functional role of Cu in microvessel development and, of equal importance, stimulated new nutritional models of cancer therapeutic intervention.
Product distribution from iron catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactors (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduct distribution from iron catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactorsCharles N. Satterfield, George A. Huff Jr., and John P. LongwellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1982, 21, 3, 465–470Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200018a020https://doi.org/10.1021/i200018a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy for dental extractions in haemophiliacs. (1966)

MEDITALJSHoUR 1633 3.In pregnant patients with severe anaemia (whether irondeficiency or megaloblastic in type) who are near term.The potential hazards of post-partum haemor- rhage or an operative procedure exists, as in every parturient.In the haemolytic type of anaemia due to sickle-cell disease and malaria seen in Western Nigeria Fullerton and Turner (1962) have also shown the value of exchange transfusion. SummaryA study is presented of the indications and effects of exchange transfusion in gynaecology and obstetrics.The investigation includes a detailed study of 50 consecutive patients who on admission had a haemoglobin level below 4.4 g./ 100 ml. (30%).These patients were assigned by the method of random sampling to receive either an exchange transfusion or a slow packed-cell transfusion.In no case was the cardiac function, clotting mechanism, or electrolyte balance in any way impaired, nor was there any evidence of citrate toxicity.Subsequent exchange transfusion of a further 31 patients lends support to our finding that exchange transfusion is a safe procedure, the indications for which have been discussed.Thus exchange transfusion is of great value to the woman in anaemic cardiac failure, and to the severely anaemic patient who is pregnant, is approaching delivery, or requires an urgent gynae- cological or obstetrical operation.We are grateful to Professor J. Lawson, of University College Hospital, Ibadan, for valuable suggestions in the initial stages of this study, and to Dr. J. Powell, of the University of Natal, for
An integrated design approach for protective packaging (2000)

During handling and transportation, a product may be damaged due to mechanical shocks resulting mainly from impact. The current design practice of expandable polystyrene (EPS) protective packaging hinges on two main aspects: the determination of the size of the basic features of the buffer cushions (procedural); and the selection of an appropriate buffer configuration and its related arrangements (heuristics), and depends largely on the designer’s competence and experience. Discusses an integrated design approach for protective packaging, which aims to integrate both these aspects into a seamless design process, using multiple layers of neural networks to characterise the cushioning curve patterns of EPS materials, determine cushioning configurations and arrangements based on package‐to‐product characteristics, and size the buffer features. The favourable results obtained from a study comparing manually‐designed and network‐generated buffer configuration solutions highlight the potential of the approach.
Low 2-Dimensional CD4 T Cell Receptor Affinity for Myelin Sets in Motion Delayed Response Kinetics (2012)

T cells recognizing self-peptides that mediate autoimmune disease and those that are responsible for efficacious immunity against pathogens may differ in affinity for antigen due to central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Here we utilize prototypical self-reactive (myelin) and viral-specific (LCMV) T cells from T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice (2D2 and SMARTA, respectively) to explore affinity differences. The T cells responsive to virus possessed >10,000 fold higher 2D affinity as compared to the self-reactive T cells. Despite their dramatically lower affinity for their cognate ligand, 2D2 T cells respond with complete, albeit delayed, activation (proliferation and cytokine production). SMARTA activation occurs rapidly, achieving peak phosphorylation of p38 (1 minute), Erk (30 minutes), and Jun (3 hours) as well as CD69 and CD25 upregulation (3 and 6 hours, respectively), with a corresponding early initiation of proliferation. 2D2 stimulation with MOG results in altered signaling--no phospho-Erk or phospho-p38 accumulation, significantly delayed activation kinetics of Jun (12 hours), and delayed but sustained SHP-1 activity--as well as delayed CD69 and CD25 expression (12-24 hours), and slow initiation of proliferation. This delay was not intrinsic to the 2D2 T cells, as a more potent antigen with >100-fold increased 2D affinity restored rapid response kinetics in line with those identified for the viral antigen. Taken together, these data demonstrate that time can offset low TCR affinity to attain full activation and suggest a mechanism by which low affinity T cells participate in autoimmune disease.
High birefringence liquid crystal mixtures for electro-optical devices (2012)

High-birefringence nematic liquid crystals recently developed in the Military University of Technology (Poland) are examined for selected physical properties. In particular, for six liquid crystal mixtures there were determined: two components of dielectric permittivity for voltage frequencies in the range from 10 Hz to 10 MHz; rotational viscosity; splay, twist and bend elastic constants; ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices for light wavelengths in the range from 0.3 μm to 1.6 μm. The properties are discussed in terms of applicability of the new liquid crystals to electro-optical devices.
Homemade cofactors: Self-processing in galactose oxidase (2001)

Numerous enzymes use a variety of cofactors for achieving their impressive catalytic prowess. Generally, these cofactors are generated via complex multistep biosynthetic pathways involving many proteins. A less commonly encountered means of cofactor biosynthesis, but one that is found with increasing frequency, involves the posttranslational modification of endogenous amino acids in the enzyme. These modifications can occur via autocatalytic processes or may be catalyzed by other auxiliary proteins. In this issue, Firbank et al. describe the crystal structure of the precursor of galactose oxidase (GAO), a self-processing enzyme that generates a crosslink between a cysteine and a tyrosine (1). The one-electron oxidized form of this crosslink (a crosslinked tyrosyl radical) functions as the cofactor in the oxidation of primary alcohols. The current work provides an important foundation to study the mechanism of autocatalytic cofactor generation in GAO and may also provide insights into the biogenesis of crosslinked cofactors found in other proteins (2).
The Stereoselective Synthesis of 4‘-β-Thioribonucleosides via the Pummerer Reaction (2000)

An efficient stereoselective synthesis of 4‘-β-thioribonucleosides 14, 15, 27, and 30 using the Pummerer reaction as the key step is described. The Pummerer reaction of 1,4-anhydro-2-O-(2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-4-sulfinyl-d-ribitol (R-10:S-10 = 2.7:1) in the presence of silylated uracil afforded the desired β-anomer of the 4‘-thiouridine derivative 11 in 66% yield without formation of its α-anomer. The reaction with R-10 gave 11 in 87% yield, while the one with S-10 resulted in a 27% decrease of the desired product 11 along with a 22% yield of 3,6-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylthiophene (12). A likely explanation for the observed difference in the reaction of R-10 and S-10 is that the reaction proceeds via an E2 type pathway, which prefers anti elimination. Thus, R-10 would preferentially afford the α-thiocarbocation intermediate 21 via an E2 anti elimination under the reaction conditions. The resulting 21 would be expected to react with silylated uracil stereoselectively to give 11 in good yield. However, formation of the more stable tertiary α-thiocarbocation intermediate 23, which would prefer to give 12 and/or to decompose, would compete with the formation of the desired 21 in the reaction with S-10. Consequently, this argument would explain the low yields of the desired product 11 and the poor mass balance in the reaction with S-10. When the sulfoxide 10 (R-10:S-10 = >16:1) prepared by oxidation of 9 with ozone was used for the Pummerer reaction, the desired 11 was obtained in 80% yield. Compound 11 was converted to 4‘-β-thiouridine (14) by treatment of 11 with ammonium fluoride, followed by methanolic ammonia. Similarly, 4‘-β-thiocytidine (15) was prepared when silylated N4-acetylcytosine was used in the Pummerer reaction. For the Pummerer reactions with purine bases, 6-chloropurine and 2-amino-6-chloropurine were found to be the most suitable. When the reactions were conducted in a mixture of acetonitrile and 1,2-dichloroethane at room temperature, followed by reflux, the desired products 25 and 28 were obtained in 65% and 56% yields, respectively. These compounds were then converted to 4‘-β-thioadenosine (27) and 4‘-β-thioguanosine (30) under the usual conditions. This is therefore the first time that the stereoselective synthesis of 4‘-β-thioribonucleosides has been performed using the neighboring group participation of the Pummerer reaction.
Primary production, mineralization, and sedimentation in the euphotic zone of two Swiss lakes (1977)

Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, phytoplankton, bacteria, detritus, primary production, and sedimentation have been investigated over a year in two Swiss lakes of different trophic state. Inflow and outflow of the lakes were calculated, as well as the eddy diffusion of P and N from the metalimnion into the epilimnion, and from these data a balance of the epilimnetic phosphorus and nitrogen cycle was drawn up. Different methods of calculation all suggested a high intensity of the internal nutrient cycle in the epilimnion. By means of autolysis, destruction, and excretion, about 35–75% of the nitrogen and 55–85% of the phosphorus needed for the measured primary production can thus be regenerated.
Counterelectrodes for Selenium Rectifiers (1950)

A brief history of the development of the selenium rectifier is given and its various components are treated in general. The counterelectrode is particularly emphasized and its function, application, and composition are dealt with in detail. References of particular interest relating to the foregoing are cited.
Development of a CMOS Oscillator Concept for Particle Detection and Tracking (2013)

An oscillator concept developed for particle detection and tracking is presented. The methodology used to characterize the currents generated by the particle is detailed. A Design Of Experiment (DOE) analysis is used to correlate the circuit oscillations with the current characteristics after particle detection. To validate the concept, an application example is developed to validate the detector capability to track a striking particle.