gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intention-Based Walking Support for Paraplegia Patients with Robot Suit HAL (2010)

This paper proposes an algorithm to estimate human intentions related with walking in order to comfortably and safely support a paraplegia patient's walk. A robot suit "HAL" has been developed for an enhancement of healthy person's activities and for support of physically challenged person's daily life. Assisting method based on bioelectrical signals such as myoelectricity successfully supports healthy person's walking. These bioelectrical signals, however, cannot be measured properly from a paraplegia patient. Therefore another interface that can estimate patients' intentions without any manual controller are desired for robot control since a manual controller deprives a patient of his/her hands' freedom. Estimation of patients' intentions contributes to support not only comfortably but also safely, because an inconformity between the robot suit motion and the patient motion results in his/her stumbling or falling. The proposed algorithm, therefore, estimates patient's intentions from a floor reaction force reflecting patient's weight shift during walking and standing. The effectiveness of this algorithm is investigated through experiments on a paraplegia patient who has a sensory paralysis on both legs, especially his left leg. We show that HAL supports patient's walk properly, estimating his intentions based on floor reaction force.
Site Specificity of Four Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isoenzymes toward the Three Phosphorylation Sites of Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (2001)

Activity of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of three specific serine residues (site 1, Ser-264; site 2, Ser-271; site 3, Ser-203) of the alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) component. Phosphorylation is carried out by four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoenzymes. Specificity of the four mammalian PDKs toward the three phosphorylation sites of E1 was investigated using the recombinant E1 mutant proteins with only one functional phosphorylation site present. All four PDKs phosphorylated site 1 and site 2, however, with different rates in phosphate buffer (for site 1, PDK2 > PDK4 approximately PDK1 > PDK3; for site 2, PDK3 > PDK4 > PDK2 > PDK1). Site 3 was phosphorylated by PDK1 only. The maximum activation by dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase was demonstrated by PDK3. In the free form, all PDKs phosphorylated site 1, and PDK4 had the highest activity toward site 2. The activity of the four PDKs was stimulated to a different extent by the reduction and acetylation state of the lipoyl moieties of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase with the maximum stimulation of PDK2. Substitution of the site 1 serine with glutamate, which mimics phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of E1, did not affect phosphorylation of site 2 by four PDKs and of site 3 by PDK1. Site specificity for phosphorylation of four PDKs with unique tissue distribution could contribute to the tissue-specific regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in normal and pathophysiological states.
Hydrogenase-Coated Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient H<sub>2</sub> Oxidation (2007)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown on gold electrodes manufactured by microtechnology techniques have been used as a platform for oriented and stable immobilization of a Ni-Fe hydrogenase. Microscopic and electrochemical characterization of the system are presented. High-density currents due to H2 oxidation electrocatalysis, stable for over a month under continuous operational conditions, were measured. The functional properties of this nanostructured hydrogenase electrode are suitable for hydrogen biosensing and biofuel applications.
Potential Folic Acid Antagonists. II. Deaza Analogs of Methotrexate. II.<sup>1</sup> 2,4-Diamino-6-methyl-3-deazapteridine (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Folic Acid Antagonists. II. Deaza Analogs of Methotrexate. II.1 2,4-Diamino-6-methyl-3-deazapteridineRobert D. Elliott, Carroll Temple Jr., and John A. MontgomeryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 6, 1890–1894Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01344a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01344a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR VENTRICULAR ASSIST PUMP DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION (1977)

When I joined imec in October 2008 to work on test and design-for-test (DfT) of 3D-stacked integrated circuits (ICs), there were only a few test folks active in that emerging field. Consequently, misconceptions about 3D test were omni-present. In the November 18, 2008 issue of Semiconductor International, Alexander Braun wrote: “At a symposium yesterday on 3-D integration, leading expert Philip Garrou detailed the rise of the technology as well as the challenges facing it, including test, yield, and design. (…) Test, again, will be a significant problem. Memory can be stacked as known good die, because the memory chips can be tested, but years from now, as different functions are pulled apart to stack them, there is no clear way to test them because they do not form a complete circuit. This will hold up things like the full partitioning of chips.”1 3D InCites’ tenth anniversary is a good occasion to report on the state of 3D testing and publicly declare that it's no longer a bottleneck for 3D integration.
Mouse Homologue of Skin-specific Retroviral-like Aspartic Protease Involved in Wrinkle Formation (2006)

Retroviral proteases are encoded in the retroviral genome and are responsible for maturation and assembly of infectious virus particles. A number of retroviral protease sequences with retroviral elements are integrated in every eukaryotic genome as endogenous retroviruses. Recently, retroviral-like aspartic proteases that were not embedded within endogenous retroviral elements were identified throughout the eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. However, the physiological role of this novel protease family, especially in mammals, is not known. During the high throughput in situ hybridization screening of mouse epidermis, as a granular layer-expressing clone, we identified a mouse homologue of SASPase (Skin ASpartic Protease), a recently identified retroviral-like aspartic protease. We detected and purified the endogenous 32-kDa (mSASP32) and 15-kDa (mSASP15) forms of mSASP from mouse stratum corneum extracts and determined their amino acid sequences. Next, we bacterially produced recombinant mSASP15 via autoprocessing of GST-mSASP32. Purified recombinant mSASP15 cleaved a quenched fluorogenic peptide substrate, designed from the autoprocessing site for mSASP32 maximally at pH 5.77, which is close to the pH of the epidermal surface. Finally, we generated mSASP-deficient mice that at 5 weeks of age showed fine wrinkles that ran parallel on the lateral trunk without apparent epidermal differentiation defects. These results indicate that the retroviral-like aspartic protease, SASPase, is involved in prevention of fine wrinkle formation via activation in a weakly acidic stratum corneum environment. This study provides the first evidence that retroviral-like aspartic protease is functionally important in mammalian tissue organization.
High figure of merit in partially filled ytterbium skutterudite materials (2000)

We present evidence of a relatively high dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) in a polycrystalline skutterudite partially filled with ytterbium ions. The small-diameter yet heavy-mass Yb atoms partially filling the voids of the host CoSb3 system exhibit low values of thermal conductivity while the quite favorable electronic properties are not substantially perturbed by the addition of Yb. This combination is ideal for thermoelectric applications exemplifying the “phonon-glass electron-crystal” concept of a thermoelectric material, resulting in ZT=0.3 at room temperature and ZT∼1 at 600 K for Yb0.19Co4Sb12.
Mild Cognitive Impairment (2009)

In the past 10 years, there has been a virtual explosion in the literature concerning the construct of mild cognitive impairment. The interest in this topic demonstrates the increasing emphasis on the identification of the earliest features of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Mild cognitive impairment represents the earliest clinical features of these conditions and, hence, has become a focus of clinical, epidemiologic, neuroimaging, biomarker, neuropathological, disease mechanism, and clinical trials research. This review summarizes the progress that has been made while also recognizing the challenges that remain.
Properties of Curdlan Gel (1979)

Journal Article Properties of Curdlan Gel Get access Akira Konno, Akira Konno Food Research Laboratories, Food Products Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuhiro Azechi, Yasuhiro Azechi Food Research Laboratories, Food Products Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Kimura Hiroshi Kimura Food Research Laboratories, Food Products Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 43, Issue 1, 1 January 1979, Pages 101–104, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1979.10863411 Published: 01 January 1979 Article history Received: 08 August 1978 Published: 01 January 1979
The Differential Diagnosis and Early Detection of Hereditary Gastrointestinal Polyposis Syndromes (2010)

If survival times are analyzed without the use of special techniques, or if the underlying assumptions are not taken into account, faulty interpretation may result. Readers of scientific publications should know these pitfalls and be able to judge for themselves whether the chosen analytical method is correct.
Simplified procedures for hydrolysis or methanolysis of lipids (1964)

Simplified procedures for hydrolysis or6 cm) sealed on perpendicularly to the side of the flask about 1 cm below the standard taper joint (Fig. 1).Samples of lipids 0.1 to 100 mg can easily be handled with this size flask.For larger samples, the apparatus may be scaled up proportionately; e.g., a 125 ml flask with a 10-15 ml side tube can be used for samples up toThe flask is designed for use with any pair of immiscible solvents when repeated extraction of the lower phase by the upper phase is desired.An amount of the lower phase just sufficient to fill the side tube (approx.5 ml) is added to the flask, followed hy 5-10 ml of the upper phase.After shaking the mixture and allowing the phases to separate, the flask is slowly tilted to a horizontal position, so that the lower phase runs into the sidc tube, as shown in Fig. 1.At the same time, the upper phase will run out of the flask and is collected in a suitable receiver; removal of all the upper phase is not necessary.After rinsing the mouth of the flask with solvent, the flask is returned to the normal vertical position, more upper phase is added, and the process is repeated at least twice more, or as many times as is found necessary.Quantitative recovery of both the upper and the lower phases is readily achieved by this procedure.5 g.
Temporal Expression of Bacterial Proteins Instructs Host CD4 T Cell Expansion and Th17 Development (2012)

Pathogens can substantially alter gene expression within an infected host depending on metabolic or virulence requirements in different tissues, however, the effect of these alterations on host immunity are unclear. Here we visualized multiple CD4 T cell responses to temporally expressed proteins in Salmonella-infected mice. Flagellin-specific CD4 T cells expanded and contracted early, differentiated into Th1 and Th17 lineages, and were enriched in mucosal tissues after oral infection. In contrast, CD4 T cells responding to Salmonella Type-III Secretion System (TTSS) effectors steadily accumulated until bacterial clearance was achieved, primarily differentiated into Th1 cells, and were predominantly detected in systemic tissues. Thus, pathogen regulation of antigen expression plays a major role in orchestrating the expansion, differentiation, and location of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in vivo.
Colorectal cancer and folate status: a nested case-control study among male smokers. (1996)

Evidence is accumulating that folate, a B vitamin found in green leafy vegetables, may affect the development of neoplasia. We examined the relationship between folate status and colorectal cancer in a case-control study nested within the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Study cohort of male smokers 50-69 years old. Serum folate was measured in 144 incident cases (91 colon, 53 rectum) and 276 controls matched to cases on baseline age, clinic, and time of blood collection. Baseline dietary folate was available from a food-use questionnaire for 386 of these men (92%). Conditional logistic regression modeling was used. No statistically significant association was observed between serum folate and colon or rectal cancer. Although a 2-fold increase in rectal cancer risk was suggested for men with serum folate > 2.9 ng/ml and those in the highest quartile of energy-adjusted folate intake, there was no evidence of a monotonic dose-response, and all confidence intervals included unity. For dietary folate and colon cancer, odds ratios of 0.40 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-0.96], 0.34 (95% CI, 0.13-0.88), and 0.51 (95% CI, 0.20-1.31) were obtained for the second through fourth quartiles of energy-adjusted folate intake, respectively, compared to the first (P for trend = 0.15). Furthermore, men with a high-alcohol, low-folate, low-protein diet were at higher risk for colon cancer than men who consumed a low-alcohol, high-folate, high-protein diet (OR, 4.79; 95% CI, 1.36-16.93). This study suggests a possible association between low folate intake and increased risk of colon cancer (but not rectal cancer) and highlights the need for further studies that measure dietary folate and methionine, along with biochemical measures of folate (i.e., erythrocyte and serum), homocysteine, and vitamin B12.
Token-mediated certification and electronic commerce (1996)

Public key technology presumes the availability of certificates and certifying authorities (CAs) living within a shallow hierarchy rooted at a few (n &lt;&lt; 100) public CAs. We propose an alternative that lessens the day-today dependence on centralized CAs while deepening the certificate tree. We dothis by suggesting that smartcards provide CA functions, thus re-framing some payment problems as simpler authorization problems. 1. Rationale by way of introduction Smartcards will, beyond any doubt, dominate all commerce and will be how electronic commerce and conventional commerce merge into a single commerce. Irresistible global forces are behind this, and no one company has either the mass or the momentum to change it. Getting it right will have historical significance. We think we have — we encapsulate transactional commerce in public key certificates issued by token devices. These ubiquitous, personal
Overlapping Clustering: A New Method for Product Positioning (1981)

Most clustering techniques used in product positioning and market segmentation studies render mutually exclusive equivalence classes of the relevant products or subjects space. Such classificatory techniques are thus restricted to the extent that they preclude overlap between subsets or equivalence classes. An overlapping clustering model, ADCLUS, is described which can be used in marketing studies involving products/subjects that can belong to more than one group or cluster simultaneously. The authors provide theoretical justification for and an application of the approach, using the MAPCLUS algorithm for fitting the ADCLUS model.
A Human-Verifiable Authentication Protocol Using Visible Laser Light (2007)

Securing wireless channels necessitates authenticating communication partners. For spontaneous interaction, authentication must be efficient and intuitive. One approach to create interaction and authentication methods that scale to using hundreds of services throughout the day is to rely on personal, trusted, mobile devices to interact with the environment. Authenticating the resulting device-to-device interactions requires an out-of-band channel that is verifiable by the user. We present a protocol for creating such an out-of-band channel with visible laser light that is secure against man-in-the-middle attacks even when the laser transmission is not confidential. A prototype implementation shows that an appropriate laser channel can be constructed with simple off-the-shelf components
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Mitragynine in Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa) by GC-MS, LC-MS/MS and UPLC-PDA (2016)

In 2011, emergency rooms on theWest Coast had patients showing up with opiate/heroin withdrawal symptoms from Kratom. Mitragyna speciosa, or Korth (Thai name Kratom; Rubiaceae) is a medical plant native to Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries and is presently illegal in Thailand and other European countries [1]. In the United States, Kratom is readily available via the internet and local retail stores.The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa consist of two primary active alkaloids: Mitragynine 66.2%, and 7 -hydroxy-7H-mitragynine 2.0%, and three indole alkaloids: Paynantheine 8.6%, Speciogynine 6.6%, and Speciociliatine 0.8%. Since mitragynine is one of the major constituent of Kratom, mitragynine is used as the marker compound for the identification and quantitation of Kratom in a variety of products.This study describes methodology for the qualitative identification and quantitation of Kratom in dierent types of products such as but not limited to: powders, liquids, and spent-leaf materials. A quick methanolic based extraction procedure was used in combination with two instrument techniques: 1) GC/MS and/or LC-MS/MS for the initial screening and spectral confirmation of mitragynine in Kratom and quantitation via UPLC/PAD; 2) LC-MS/MS. Two dierent mass spectrometry systems were employed for confirmation/quantitation to permit flexibility within the regulatory laboratory for sample analysis.A mitragynine solvent standard was used for the comparative identification of Kratom and quantitation was reported based on the level of mitragynine in the product tested. Due to the low concentration of the mitragynine stock standard (100 mug/mL) and the high level of mitragynine in the products tested, traditional spiking of the standard via a wet/dry spike into a negative control was not feasible. Solvent based calibrationcurves were used for the quantitation of mitragynine in Kratom by UPLC/PDA and LC-MS/MS. Validation was performed by characterizing a Kratom product purchased via the internet. This positive control was extracted seven times over three days and analyzed by all three analytical techniques: GC/MS, LC-MS/MS and UPLC/PDA. The UPLC/PDA data demonstrated a mean value of 1.041% (n=21, 4.2%) and the LC-MS/MS 1.140% (n=14, 6.81%) for mitragynine in the positive control. This positive control was extracted and analyzed in duplicate with every analytical batch.https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v03n02p001 (DOI assigned 8/7/2019)
A Conflict-Free Replicated JSON Datatype (2017)

Many applications model their data in a general-purpose storage format such as JSON. This data structure is modified by the application as a result of user input. Such modifications are well understood if performed sequentially on a single copy of the data, but if the data is replicated and modified concurrently on multiple devices, it is unclear what the semantics should be. In this paper we present an algorithm and formal semantics for a JSON data structure that automatically resolves concurrent modifications such that no updates are lost, and such that all replicas converge towards the same state (a conflict-free replicated datatype or CRDT). It supports arbitrarily nested list and map types, which can be modified by insertion, deletion and assignment. The algorithm performs all merging client-side and does not depend on ordering guarantees from the network, making it suitable for deployment on mobile devices with poor network connectivity, in peer-to-peer networks, and in messaging systems with end-to-end encryption.
Interferon‐γ arrests proliferation and causes apoptosis in stromal cell/interleukin‐7‐dependent normal murine pre‐B cell lines and clones <i>in vitro</i>, but does not induce differentiation to surface immunoglobulin‐positive B cells (1993)

Normal pre-B cells from fetal liver or bone marrow of the mouse proliferate for long periods of time in tissue culture on stromal cells in the presence of interleukin-7 (IL-7). Their IgH loci are partly in germ-line, partly in DHJH-rearranged configuration, while their light chain loci are in germ-line configuration. They express the pre-B cell-specific genes VpreB and lambda 5. Proliferation of these pre-B cells is inhibited by interferon (IFN)-gamma, with half-maximal inhibition at concentrations between 0.1 and 1 unit/ml. Normal pre-B cells exposed to IFN-gamma die by apoptosis, as is evidenced by the disintegration of pre-B cell DNA into oligonucleosomal multimers of 180-200 bp. While the proliferation of pre-B cells from E mu-bcl-2 transgenic (tg) mice is inhibited by IFN-gamma, these cells do not die by apoptosis. IFN-gamma does not induce differentiation to more mature B lineage cells. In the absence of IL-7 normal pre-B cells differentiate to VHDHJH/VLJL-rearranged, surface immunoglobulin-positive B cells expressing the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. They also down-regulate the expression of VpreB and lambda 5, and lose the capacity to proliferate on stromal cells in the presence of IL-7. In contrast, both normal and E mu-bcl-2 tg pre-B cells exposed to IFN-gamma in the presence of stromal cells and IL-7 fail to differentiate, i.e. do not express surface immunoglobulin, retain expression of VpreB and lambda 5, do not express the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor, and retain the capacity to proliferate on stromal cells in the presence of IL-7, once IFN-gamma is removed. The potential usefulness of a treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia of the B cell lineage (pre B-ALL) with IFN-gamma is discussed.