gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
162-W average power from a diode-pumped femtosecond Yb:YAG thin disk laser (2000)

We demonstrate a power-scalable concept for high-power all-solid-state femtosecond lasers, based on passive mode locking of Yb:YAG thin disk lasers with semiconductor saturable-absorber mirrors. We obtained 16.2 W of average output power in pulses with 730-fs duration, 0.47-muJ pulse energy, and 560-kW peak power. This is to our knowledge the highest average power reported for a laser oscillator in the subpicosecond regime. Single-pass frequency doubling through a 5-mm-long lithium triborate crystal (LBO) yields 8-W average output power of 515-nm radiation.
HIGHLY EFFICIENT RANDOM MUTAGENESIS IN TRANSCRIPTION-REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION CYCLES BY A HYDROGEN BOND AMBIVALENT NUCLEOSIDE 5′-TRIPHOSPHATE ANALOGUE: POTENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR A SELECTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY (2001)

The nucleoside P can base pair with both A and G. We evaluated the mutation frequency induced by the 5'-triphospbate of the ribonucleoside P (PTP) in an in vitro retroviral replication model. After 4 cycles of replication in the presence of PTP, the mutation frequency was raised to 3.8 x 10(-2) per nucleotide and C-to-U and U-to-C mutations were dominantly observed. These results suggest that ambivalent NTP analogues, like PTP, could induce mutations beyond the error threshold of retroviruses.
Delayed Fluorescence by Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Application to Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2012)

Organic donor and acceptor interfaces give rise to a small energy gap between the singlet and triplet exciton levels (ΔEST) of generated exciplexes. We demonstrate that the small ΔEST can lead to efficient electroluminescence.
An observation on Korn’s inequality for nonconforming finite element methods (2005)

By utilizing a simple observation on traces of rigid motions we are able to strengthen a result of Brenner (2004) on Korn’s inequality for nonconforming finite element methods. The approach here is tightly connected to the theory developed in Brenner’s work. Our motivation for the analysis was the desire to show that a robust Darcy–Stokes element satisfies Korn’s inequality, and to achieve this the stronger result seems necessary.
Labor Scheduling, Part 1 (1998)

This paper focuses on forecasting demand for services, the first of a four-part series on developing effective workforce schedules. Serving customers well, at a reasonable cost, requires the proper number and mix of employees. Scheduling too many employees means high labor costs, while scheduling too few workers can mean poor service that drives away business. Forecasting customer demand involves eight steps: determine the nature of the work, identify those factors that generate the work (i.e., the labor drivers), determine whether the labor drivers are time variant or time invariant, determine the time interval for tracking the time-variant labor drivers, forecast the time-variant labor drivers, smooth those forecasts, track the error in those forecasts, and define the allowable window for controllable work. Balancing employees' skills and availability, plus governmental regulations, company policies, and contractual obligations regarding work schedules, can be a manager's nightmare.
The validity of self‐reports of alcohol consumption: state of the science and challenges for research (2003)

Self-report methods offer a reliable and valid approach to measuring alcohol consumption. The accuracy of such methods, however, can be improved by research directed at understanding the processes involved in response behavior.
Enhancement of bone growth into porous intramedullary implants using non‐invasive low intensity ultrasound (2001)

An in vivo study was designed to determine if non-invasive low intensity ultrasound could enhance bone growth into porous intramedullary implants. Fully porous intramedullary rods were implanted bilaterally into the ulnae of six dogs. In each dog, one ulna served as a control and the other was treated with 20 min of daily ultrasound stimulation for 6 consecutive weeks. Analysis of serial transverse sections indicated an average of 119% more bone growth into the ultrasound-treated implants compared with the contralateral controls (P < 0.001). In each of the 6 dogs, there was a significantly greater amount of bone ingrowth on the ultrasound-stimulated side. These data indicate a clear potential for externally applied ultrasound therapy to augment biological fixation.
A Consistent Metric for Performance Evaluation of Multi-Object Filters (2008)

The concept of a miss-distance, or error, between a reference quantity and its estimated/controlled value, plays a fundamental role in any filtering/control problem. Yet there is no satisfactory notion of a miss-distance in the well-established field of multi-object filtering. In this paper, we outline the inconsistencies of existing metrics in the context of multi-object miss-distances for performance evaluation. We then propose a new mathematically and intuitively consistent metric that addresses the drawbacks of current multi-object performance evaluation metrics.
ENDOCANNABINOID-MEDIATED SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN THE CNS (2006)

Changes in synaptic efficacy are thought to be crucial to experience-dependent modifications of neural function. The diversity of mechanisms underlying these changes is far greater than previously expected. In the last five years, a new class of use-dependent synaptic plasticity that requires retrograde signaling by endocannabinoids (eCB) and presynaptic CB1 receptor activation has been identified in several brain structures. eCB-mediated plasticity encompasses many forms of transient and long-lasting synaptic depression and is found at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. In addition, eCBs can modify the inducibility of non-eCB-mediated forms of plasticity. Thus, the eCB system is emerging as a major player in synaptic plasticity. Given the wide distribution of CB1 receptors in the CNS, the list of brain structures and synapses expressing eCB-mediated plasticity is likely to expand.
Internet multicast provisioning issues for hierarchical architecture (2005)

The ASM (any source multicast) have been proposed to forward IP multicast datagram. However, there remain unsolved deployment issues such as network management and address allocation of multicast sessions. To overcome the above issues, largely new three multicast mechanisms-SGM (Small Group Multicast), ALM (Application Level Multicast) and SSM (Source Specific Multicast)-have been proposed. While the SGM and ALM can support multicast service without constructing the multicast routing tree, SSM constructs the multicast routing tree rooted in the source. SGM is proposed to support a very large number of small multicast groups. However, since SGM needs an additional packet header to service multicast, modification of the legacy routers is inevitable. ALM provides multicast by means of a combination of unicast in WAN and multicast in LAN. Since the standard is not fixed, this mechanism has limited implementation conditions. SSM identifies the multicast session not by G but by (S, G) pair. This mechanism solves the multicast address allocation problem, which is the biggest issue in the ASM. However, all routers along the delivery path must maintain the state (S, G) in order to transmit multicast data. Though the three new mechanisms can solve the many of the problems, one feature of ASM, the scalability problem is not be removed at all. We propose a fast deployment mechanism, which is based on SSM as well as the use the Internet hierarchical architecture. This mechanism may help multicast deployment without any modification of the IP layer while the advantage of SSM is kept. A key feature of the new mechanism is the use of a different multicast service for macro level multicast and micro level multicast.
All-trans retinoic acid upregulates VEGF expression in glioma cells in vitro (2013)

All-trans retinoid 酸(ATRA ) 是大多数之一有势力和导致 glioma 房间的区别和 apoptosis 的最彻底地学习的区别 inducers。然而， glioma 遗体的 angiogenesis 上的 ATRA 的效果糟糕理解。我们在不同 glioma 房间线在脉管的 endothelial 生长因素(VEGF ) 的表示上检验了 ATRA 的效果并且调查了内在的机制，打算部分揭示 glioma 的 angiogenesis 上的 ATRA 的效果。Glioma 房间被 ATRA 在 5 和 10 µ 对待； mol/L。VEGF mRNA 抄本层次被即时 RT-PCR 和 VEGF 的蛋白质层次在 glioma 房间决定被西方的弄污评估试金。而且，组织缺氧可诱导的 factor-1α；(HIF-1α；) mRNA 表示被使用即时 RT-PCR 分析。在有 5 和 10 µ 的处理以后； mol/L ATRA，在 glioma 房间的 VEGF mRNA 抄本层次显著地增加了，与那相比，在控制组，和相对蛋白质， VEGF 的表示也是起来调整的。同时， HIF-1α；mRNA 表示也增加了。ATRA 在 transcriptional 和翻译层次在 glioma 房间增加 VEGF 的表示。
Effects of pressure and isotopic substitution on the Raman spectrum of α-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Identification of two-magnon scattering (1990)

We report measurements of the effects of high pressure and O-isotope substitution on the Raman spectrum of \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Spectra for the pressure effects were obtained from single crystals in a diamond-anvil cell; those for isotopic substitution from polycrystalline films grown in a controlled atmosphere. The Gr\"uneisen parameters and isotope shifts of the first-order phonons are found to be comparable to the same quantities for the strong 1320-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ line, consistent with its assignment by McCarty [Solid State Commun. 68, 799 (1988)] as a phonon overtone. We identify the two-magnon scattering as a weak and broad feature at \ensuremath{\sim}1525 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, showing a temperature dependence consistent with a magnetic origin. As expected, the magnon peak does not shift with isotopic substitution, and its frequency is in good agreement with that predicted by an Ising-model calculation (1540 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$).
Accessing the human repertoire for broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies (2010)

The human antibody response has special significance in the ongoing efforts to develop a protective HIV vaccine. The observation that a subset of HIV infected individuals, who do not develop AIDS, have a broadly neutralizing antibody response has drawn attention to deciphering the nature of this response. It is hoped that an understanding of these protective antibodies, developed over time in response to the ongoing accumulation of mutations in the infecting virus, will facilitate the development of a vaccine that can elicit a similar response. This strategy will be greatly aided by the identification of broadly neutralizing monoclonal HIV antibodies from infected individuals. Several methods have been utilized to isolate and characterize individual antibodies from the human repertoire and each of these methods has been applied to the generation of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies, albeit with differing rates of success. This review describes several of these methods including human hybridoma; EBV transformation; non-immortalized B cell culture; clonal sorting; and combinatorial display. Key considerations used in the comparison of different methods includes: efficiency of interrogation of an individual's entire repertoire; assay formats that can be used to screen for antibodies of interest (i.e., binding versus biological assays); and the ability to recover native antibody heavy and light chain pairs.
An antibody reactive to the Gly63–Lys68 epitope of NT-proBNP exhibits O-glycosylation-independent binding (2014)

The N-terminal fragment of prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a commonly used biomarker for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure, although its biological function is not well known. NT-proBNP exhibits heavy O-linked glycosylation, and it is quite difficult to develop an antibody that exhibits glycosylation-independent binding. We developed an antibody that binds to the recombinant NT-proBNP protein and its deglycosylated form with similar affinities in an enzyme immunoassay. The epitope was defined as Gly63-Lys68 based on mimetic peptide screening, site-directed mutagenesis and a competition assay with a peptide mimotope. The nearest O-glycosylation residues are Thr58 and Thr71; therefore, four amino acid residues intervene between the epitope and those residues in both directions. In conclusion, we report that an antibody reactive to Gly63-Lys68 of NT-proBNP exhibits O-glycosylation-independent binding.
Novel Porphyrinoids for Chemistry and Medicine by Biomimetic Syntheses (1995)

Abstract In 1926 Hans Fischer and Bruno Walach synthesized the first porphyrins. H. Fischer, B. Walach, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1926 , 450 , 164–181. Currently more than 1400 new articles concerning the synthesis and uses of porphyrins are published every year. CAS Online search for 1994 . However, the strong interest in these compounds indicated by this is in sharp contrast to their restricted availability. This is reflected in the current price of up to 500 DM for 5 mg of the most important porphyrins used in research and other applications (see Scheme 3). Biomimetic syntheses offer possibilities for an improved approach to porphyrins. By following the example set by nature it is also possible to obtain novel porphyrinoids which are different from naturally occurring porphyrins. This is exemplified by N,N ′‐bridged porphyrinogens, which have cage structures, inverted porphyrinoids (N atoms in the outer periphery) and, in particular, porphyrins with expanded systems. Among the family of expanded porphyrins are superarenes with up to 34 π electrons. Their pronounced aromaticity is indicated by 1 H NMR spectra, bond length equivalence, planar structures, and electrophilic substitution. With their strong absorption bands, the strongest of which have ϵ values of > 1000000, a value which exceeds the absorption intensity of all other organic pigments observed until now, and their ability to act as efficient photosensitizers, the expanded porphyrins open interesting perspectives in the fields of photochemistry and photomedicine.
Synthesis of Anionic-Surfactant-Templated Mesoporous Silica Using Organoalkoxysilane-Containing Amino Groups (2003)

Mesoporous silica containing a large amount of aminopropyl groups has been successfully synthesized via the anionic templating route. The electrostatic interaction between the positively charged amino groups in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the negatively charged sulfate head groups in sodium dodecyl sulfate is a driving force for the self-assembly of silica−micelle composite.
The ac stark shift and space-borne rubidium atomic clocks (2016)

Due to its small size, low weight, and low power consumption, the Rb atomic frequency standard (RAFS) is routinely the first choice for atomic timekeeping in space. Consequently, though the device has very good frequency stability (rivaling passive hydrogen masers), there is interest in uncovering the fundamental processes limiting its long-term performance, with the goal of improving the device for future space systems and missions. The ac Stark shift (i.e., light shift) is one of the more likely processes limiting the RAFS' long-term timekeeping ability, yet its manifestation in the RAFS remains poorly understood. In part, this comes from the fact that light-shift induced frequency fluctuations must be quantified in terms of the RAFS' light-shift coefficient and the output variations in the RAFS' rf-discharge lamp, which is a nonlinear inductively-couple plasma (ICP). Here, we analyze the light-shift effect for a family of 10 on-orbit Block-IIR GPS RAFS, examining decade-long records of their on-orbit frequency and rf-discharge lamp fluctuations. We find that the ICP's light intensity variations can take several forms: deterministic aging, jumps, ramps, and non-stationary noise, each of which affects the RAFS' frequency via the light shift. Correlating these light intensity changes with RAFS frequency changes, we estimate the light-shift coefficient, κLS, for the family of RAFS: κLS = −(1.9 ± 0.3) × 10−12/%. The 16% family-wide variation in κLS indicates that while each RAFS may have its own individual κLS, the variance of κLS among similarly designed RAFS can be relatively small. Combining κLS with our estimate of the ICP light intensity's non-stationary noise, we find evidence that random-walk frequency noise in high-quality space-borne RAFS is strongly influenced by the RAFS' rf-discharge lamp via the light shift effect.
Sciatic Nerve Blockade in Infant, Adolescent, and Adult Rats  (1998)

Background Ropivacaine is a newly introduced local anesthetic. No data are available regarding its safety, efficacy, or sensory-selectivity in children. The sciatic block duration and systemic toxicity of bupivacaine and ropivacaine were compared among infant, adolescent, and adult rats. Methods Infant, adolescent, and adult rats received blocks with ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Nociceptive, proprioceptive, and motor blockade were assessed. Systemic effects (contralateral leg analgesia, seizures, respiratory distress, apnea) were quantified. Plasma local anesthetic concentrations were measured at terminal apnea. Results Nerve blockade for a given absolute dose lasted longer in infants than in older rats for both drugs. Block duration from ropivacaine generally was the same as or slightly shorter than bupivacaine. There was no difference in sensory-selectivity between the drugs. Doses required to induce all systemic toxicity indices were inversely related to age (e.g., the lethal dose in 50% of animals [LD50] of ropivacaine in infants is 155 mg/kg; in adults it is 54 mg/kg). All indices of toxicity occurred at higher doses per kilogram for ropivacaine than bupivacaine, at all ages (e.g., the LD50 of bupivacaine in infants is 92 mg/kg; in adults it is 30 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations at terminal apnea were higher for ropivacaine than for bupivacaine at all ages, and were higher in infants than in older rats. Conclusions Ropivacaine resembles bupivacaine in its local anesthetic effects but has a greater margin of safety. For a given absolute dose, sciatic blockade in infant rats lasts longer than in adolescents or adults. Although the doses (in milligrams per kilogram) causing toxicity were much higher in infants than in adults, this probably does not correspond to a wider therapeutic index.
Sorting (1971)

The bibliography appearing at the end of this article lists 37 sorting algorithms and 100 books and papers on sorting published in the last 20 years. The basic ideas presented here have been abstracted from this body of work, and the best algorithms known are given as examples. As the algorithms are explained, references to related algorithms and mathematical or experimental analyses are given. Suggestions are then made for choosing the algorithm best suited to a given situation.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Structures by the Diels−Alder Reaction of Inner-Outer-Ring 1,3-Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)dienes (2001)

A Diels−Alder reaction of novel inner-outer-ring 1,3-silyloxydienes 5−8 with a variety of dienophiles to afford highly functionalized polycyclic structures is reported. The inner-outer-ring 1,3-silyloxydienes 5−8 containing five- to seven-membered carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings were prepared in a single reaction vessel from 2-acetylcyclocarbonyls in quantitative yields. The Diels−Alder reaction with 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) proceeded smoothly at room temperature, affording functionalized polycyclic naphthols, phenols, and enones with high regioselectivity and good yields (39−75%). Moreover, dienes 5−8 also reacted in a hetero-Diels−Alder reaction with benzaldehyde (BA) and N-benzylideneaniline (NBA) in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZnCl2, affording substituted polycyclic pyranones and pyridinones in good yields (40−93%). Overall, our synthetic strategy provides straightforward access to an interesting set of polycyclic structures useful for natural and nonnatural product synthesis.
DNA topoisomerase II as a potential factor in drug resistance of human malignancies. (1987)

The stabilization of the cleavable complex between DNA topoisomerase II and DNA by adriamycin (ADR), as well as by other topoisomerase II-targeted drugs, is an essential step in a process associated with drug cytotoxicity. Unlike many other cell types, ADR does not produce DNA cleavage in the lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The CLL lymphocytes have been identified as quiescent cells with an extremely low level of topoisomerase II. The low level of this enzyme could constitute a basis for a new mechanism of drug resistance operating not only in CLL, but perhaps in any slow growing cancer with a large population of quiescent cells. Other factors contributing to drug resistance could include changes in enzyme regulation or processing of the cleavable complex, or the presence of a "mutant" enzyme which renders cancer cells unresponsive to topoisomerase II-targeted drugs. Suggested strategies in drug development, aimed at the topoisomerase II-related drug resistance, could include 1) the selection of topoisomerase I as an alternative target for cancer chemotherapy, 2) the development of ADR analogs which, unlike ADR, stabilize the topoisomerase II-DNA complex with high efficiency, and 3) the search for agents enhancing the SOS-like repair response, presumably triggered by DNA topoisomerase-targeted drugs.
Study on the Removal of Arsenic from Waste Water by Means of Coprecipitation with Metallic Hydroxides (1980)

The removal of arsenic from waste water has been investigated by means of coprecipitation with aluminum hydroxide or ferric hydroxide. Artificial waste solutions cotaining 10mg/l of As (III) or As (V) were used as experimental solutions.The results obtained were as follows:1) By the coexistence of 200mg/l of aluminum ion, As (III), was scarecely removed at all pH range, whereas As (V) was lowered to about 2mg/l at pH range between 5 and 8. The removal of As (V) may be attributed to the adsorption of As (V) anionic species on the surface of aluminum hydroxide.2) When ferric ion was added to the waste water, As (V) was effectively removed over wide pH range, even though the addition of ferric ion was low. The settling characteristics of ferric hydroxide coprecipitated with arsenic were rather poor, meanwhile the arsenic concentration of supernatant solution after settling the precipitate for 3 hours was remarkably higher than that of the filtrate. In order to reduce the concentration of As (III) to meet the effluent standard (0.5mg/l) by settling the precipitate for 1 or 3 hours, it was necessary to add ferric ions in the weight ratio of more than 20 or 10, respectively, against arsenic involved. The concentration of As (III) in the filtrate, however, could be reduced to 0.5mg/l by adding ferric ions in the weight ratio of 3 against arsenic involved. While, in the case of As (V), the addition of ferric ions in the weight ratio of more than 10 or 5 against arsenic involved was sufficient for reducing the concentration of arsenic to 0.5mg/l by settling the precipitate for 1 or 3 hours, respectively. Also, the concentration of As (V) in the filtrate was reduced to 0.5mg/l when ferric ion was added in the weight ratio of 0.75 against arsenic involved.3) The removal of As (V), which was obtained in the presence of ferric ions in a limited acidic pH range, may be due to the formation of ferric arsenate, while the removal of As (V) in a higher pH range could be explained by the specific adsorption of As (V) anionic species on the surface of ferric hydroxide. On the other hand, As (III) is considered to be removed only by the specific adsorption of As (III) anionic species on the surface of ferric hydroxide.