gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells up-regulates class I MHC expression through the induction of IFN-beta and IL-1 alpha (1996)

CD8+ T cells mediate some of the damage to the lung epithelium following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Since CD8+ T cells recognize antigen-laden class I MHC molecules on the target cells, we examined in this study the expression of class I MHC by RSV-infected respiratory epithelial cells. Respiratory epithelial cell lines and bronchial epithelial cells from normal human tissue responded to RSV infection with an increased expression of class I MHC as determined by flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation of class I MHC from metabolically radiolabeled cells. The increase in class I MHC expression was dependent on infectious, replicating virus. UV-irradiated culture supernatants from RSV-infected A549 cells, when added to fresh A549 cell cultures, induced an increase in class I MHC expression by those cells. The class I MHC increasing activity within supernatants from A549 cells was due, in large part, to IFN-beta, and to a lesser extent to IL-1 alpha. The addition of neutralizing Abs to both cytokines completely blocked the increase in class I MHC expression by cells treated with the above-mentioned supernatants. These results demonstrate that RSV infection elicits IFN-beta production by respiratory epithelial cells, which in turn leads to an increase in their synthesis of class I MHC, which would facilitate their recognition and lysis by RSV-specific CD8+ T cells.
Dynamics and thermodynamics of compressible fluid flow (1953)

Partial table of contents: BACKGROUND. Foundations of Fluid Dynamics. Foundations of Thermodynamics. ONE--DIMENSIONAL FLOW. Isentropic Flow. Normal Shock Waves. Flow in Ducts with Heating or Cooling. INTRODUCTION TO FLOW IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS. The Equations of Motion for Steady, Irrotational Flow. SUBSONIC FLOW. Hodograph Method for Two--Dimensional, Subsonic Flow. Three--Dimensional, Subsonic Flow. SUPERSONIC FLOW. Two--Dimensional, Supersonic Flow with Small Perturbations. Oblique Shocks. Appendices. Index.
Effect of Experimental Parameters on Morphological, Mechanical and Hydrophobic Properties of Electrospun Polystyrene Fibers (2015)

Polystyrene (PS) dissolved in a mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and/or tetrahydrofuran (THF) was electrospun to prepare fibers with sub-micron diameters. The effects of electrospinning parameters, including solvent combinations, polymer concentrations, applied voltage on fiber morphology, as well as tensile and hydrophobic properties of the fiber mats were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of electrospun fibers (23% w/v PS solution with applied voltage of 15 kV) showed that a new type of fiber with double-strand morphology was formed when the mass ratio of DMF and THF was 50/50 and 25/75. The tensile strength of the PS fiber film was 1.5 MPa, indicating strong reinforcement from double-strand fibers. Bead-free fibers were obtained by electrospinning 40% (w/v) PS/DMF solution at an applied voltage of 15 kV. Notably, when the ratio of DMF and THF was 100/0, the maximum contact angle (CA) value of the electrospun PS films produced at 15 kV was 148°.
C3D: Generic Features for Video Analysis. (2014)

Videos have become ubiquitous due to the ease of capturing and sharing via
social platforms like Youtube, Facebook, Instagram, and others. The computer
vision community has tried to tackle various video analysis problems
independently. As a consequence, even though some really good hand-crafted
features have been proposed there is a lack of generic feature for video
analysis. On the other hand, the image domain has progressed rapidly by using
features from deep convolutional networks. These deep features are proving to
be generic and perform well on variety of image tasks. In this work we propose
Convolution 3D(C3D) feature, a generic spatio-temporal feature obtained by
training a deep 3-dimensional convolutional network on a large annotated video
dataset comprising objects, scenes, actions, and other frequently occurring
concepts. We show that by using spatio-temporal convolutions the trained
features encapsulate appearance and motion cues and perform well on different
discriminative video classification tasks. C3D has three main advantages.
First, it is generic: achieving state of the art results on object recognition,
scene classification, and action similarity labeling in videos. Second, it is
compact: obtaining better accuracies than best hand-crafted features and best
deep image features with a lower dimensional feature descriptor. Third, it is
efficient to compute: 91 times faster than current hand-crafted features, and
two orders of magnitude faster than current deep-learning based video
classification methods.
Second-harmonic generation in SiC polytypes (1998)

A first-principles study of the frequency-dependent second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients of various SiC polytypes $(2H$, $4H$, $15R$, $6H$, and $3C)$, a group spanning the complete range of ``hexagonality,'' was carried out. It uses a recently developed computational approach based on the self-consistent linear muffin-tin orbital band-structure method, which is applied using the local-density approximation to density-functional theory with a simple a posteriori gap correction. The susceptibilies are obtained in the independent-particle approximation, i.e., without local-field effects. The zero-frequency limits of the ratio ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{333}^{(2)}/{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{311}^{(2)}$ for the noncubic polytypes were found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained by the pseudopotential method (and in disagreement with simple geometric predictions), while the magnitudes of the individual components themselves were found to be smaller than the values earlier calculated. The spectral features of the full ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\omega},\ensuremath{\omega},\ensuremath{\omega})$ for $2H$ are found to differ markedly from those of the other polytypes. The spectra in the series of decreasing degree of hexagonality $(4H$, $15R$, and $6H)$ gradually approach those for the zinc-blende $(3C)$ form. The independent tensorial components appearing in the rhombohedral but not in the hexagonal forms are found to be about a factor 6 smaller than the other ones. An analysis of the SHG spectra in terms of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and $2\ensuremath{\omega}$ resonances and individual band-to-band contributions is presented. It is suggested that second-harmonic generation spectra have an advantage over linear optical spectra for probing the electronic structure, particularly for the region within a few eV of the band edges in that they exhibit more detailed fine structure. That results from the sign variations in the products of matrix elements occurring in the SHG.
Virtual Education in Chile: An Example of a New Space for Learning (2021)

The Virtual Education was born in 2002 from a joint project between the Center for Improvement, Experimentation and Pedagogical Research CPEIP and the Center for Education and Technology Links. CPEIP has developed a line of distance teacher training through the Internet running several courses since 2002, and Links during the last 15 years has dedicated its efforts to provide the access of teachers and students to educational opportunities associated with new technologies of Information and communication. Both institutions decided to combine their efforts and develop a joint project that integrates the CPEIP distance teacher training line, up to now aimed at curriculum updating, different strategies to support the appropriation of ICTs and their curricular integration.
Intravital microscopic studies on acute mast cell-dependent inflammation. (1989)

Intravital microscopy of the hamster cheek pouch was adopted to serve as a model for quantitative studies of microvascular dynamics and parallel measurements of histamine release during immediate-type mast cell-dependent reactions. Topical challenge with specific antigen in the cheek pouch of immunized hamsters caused an acute inflammatory reaction, including leakage of plasma, vasodilation, and accumulation of leukocytes. Several lines of evidence indicated that the response was due to activation of mast cells: 1) an almost identical inflammatory reaction was seen after challenge with the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80; 2) both antigen and compound 48/80 evoked distinct mast cell degranulatio and histamine release; 3) blockage of histamine 1-receptors reduced the plasma leakage response (but not leukocyte accumulation) to antigen and compound 48/80 in a very similar manner. In addition, fluorescein-labelled antigen bound specifically to mast cells in cheek pouches of immunized animals, suggesting involvement of mast cell-fixed antigen-specific antibodies, possibly immunoglobulin E. It is suggested that vasodilating prostaglandins exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions in vivo, and that they modulate acute allergic inflammation by i) inhibition of inflammatory mediator release, most likely unrelated to prostanoid-induced vasodilation, but caused by cAMP elevation in the mediator-secreting cells, and ii) enhancement of the target action of individual inflammatory mediators (i.e. plasma leakage and leukocyte emigration), most likely as a direct consequence of prostaglandin-induced vasodilation. This view is based on the following observations in the hamster cheek pouch: 1) Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with two different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) greatly potentiated plasma leakage, leukocyte emigration and histamine release after challenge with antigen or compound 48/80. The enhanced antigen-induced extravasation of plasma and leukocytes was significantly reduced by 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, but was unaffected by PAF-receptor antagonism. 2) All aspects of NSAID-induced potentiation, including the increased histamine release, were effectively prevented by topically applied prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 30 nM), which per se caused a five-fold increase in arteriolar blood flow. Moreover, PGE2 as well as prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in vasodilating concentrations suppressed the antigen-induced plasma leakage also in the absence of NSAID treatment. 3) In contrast to the mast cell-dependent reactions, the inflammatory effects of individual mediators histamine, leukotrienes B4 and C4) were not influenced by NSAID treatment, and were markedly enhanced by both PGE2 and PGI2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Degradation of carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i>) fibres with cell‐wall polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes (1989)

Abstract Carrot Daucus carota L fibres were degraded with two enzyme preparations, SP249 from Aspergillus aculeatus and Celluclast from Trichoderma reesei . The enzymic activities of these complexes indicate that SP249 was particularly active on pectic polymers, and Celluclast could degrade amorphous and crystalline cellulose. A combination of both preparations degraded carrot fibres with a synergistic effect and led to the solubilisation of 95% of the cell‐wall polysaccharides. The kinetics of solubilisation of sugars and gel‐permeation chromatography of the soluble products show that pectic polymers were rapidly solubilised and then, in a second stage, degraded mainly to monomers, whereas cellulose was more slowly hydrolysed to cellobiose and glucose. Part (67%) of the polysaccharides were saccharified, the residual soluble material being rhamnogalacturonans containing arabinose residues. Residual insoluble fibres (10% of initial weight) were not liquefied and were composed mainly of lignin, proteins and polymers of glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid.
Intracellular Bactericidal Activity of Leukocytes in Whole Blood for the Diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood (1975)

A simplified method for the assay fo intracellular bactericidal activity of leukocytes in whole blood was developed. Providing that serum-resistant organisms are studied, the method can be used with gram-negative baccilli as well as with Staphylococcus aureus. The abnormalities characteristic of patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood and their mothers can be readily detected by this technique. By this means an abnormality in intracellular killing of Pseudomonas cepacia in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and in his heterozygotic mother was found.
<title>Diffractive optical elements for optoelectronic interconnections</title> (1991)

Short-range optoelectronic interconnection systems not only between, but also within, data processing systems have often been proposed in recent years. They handle high-data rates, eliminate ground loops, avoid crosstalk along the length of the line, allow parallel communications, and will, in the future, dissipate less heat than purely electronic data links, thus allowing higher packing densities. Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are well suited for application in parallel array interconnects, because of flexibility in design, the possibility to manufacture array-optics (arrays of lenses, deflectors, beam splitters), small size, and light weight. DOEs can be miniaturized, they may integrate several different functions (focusing, deflection, and beam splitting) into one component, and they often can be fabricated by planar technologies and replicated, once one master has been made. How to fabricate light efficient DOEs is discussed. Several system experiments are presented: (1) parallel one-to-one array connections; (2) interconnections based on a light guiding glass plate with holographic coupling elements; (3) permutation elements for optoelectronic switching systems; and (4) bus- type interconnections (many-to-many interconnection) based on multiple beam splitters.
Synthese von <i>N</i><sup>1</sup>,4‐Di(<i>p</i>‐cumaroyl)spermin, einem möglichen Biogenese‐Vorläufer von Aphelandrin (1991)

Synthesis of N 1 ,4‐Di( p ‐coiimaroyl)spermine, a Possible Biogenetic Precursor of Aphelandrine Coupling of two differently substituted 1,3‐diaminopropane units 5 and 6 ( Schemes 1 and 2 ) lead to the key intermediate 8 , a tetra‐ N ‐protected spermine derivative. By selective deprotection and alkylation with ( E )‐4‐(mesyloxy)cinnamoyl chloride, followed by deprotection, 8 was transformed to the target spermine derivative 19 . By an alternative route, the 1,3‐diaminopiopanes 10 and 11 were combined to the tri‐ N ‐protected tetraamine 12 . The intermediates 8 and 12 can be used for the preparation of polyamine derivatives.
Recent Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine and HerbalMedicine for the Trealment and Prevention of Cancer (1995)

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Three-dimensional porous carbon nanosheet networks anchored with Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub>@carbon as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion batteries (2016)

A three-dimensional porous carbon nanosheet networks anchored with Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub>@carbon nanoparticles as a high-performance anode of lithium ion batteries are synthesized.
Load Balancing of Virtual Machines in Cloud Computing Environment Using Improved Ant Colony Algorithm (2012)

Load balancing of virtual machines is one of the most significant issues in cloud computing research.A common approach is to employ intelligent algorithms such as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO).However, there are two main issues with traditional ACO.First, ACO is very dependent on the initial conditions, which might affect the final optimal solution and the convergence speed.To solve this problem, we propose to employ Genetic Algorithm (GA) for ACO initialization.Second, ACO could arrive at local optimal point, and the convergence speed is typically low.Along this line, we introduce the idea of Simulated Annealing (SA) to avoid local optimal and accelerate the convergence.Lastly, our experiments show that our improved ACO achieves good performance in load balancing.
Towards personalization in digital libraries through ontologies (2005)

Purpose To describe a browsing and searching personalization system for digital libraries based on the use of ontologies for describing the relationships between all the elements which take part in a digital library scenario of use. Design/methodology/approach Identification of all the desired functionalities and requirements that are necessary to fully integrate the use of a digital library in an e‐learning environment, and the basic elements that are used to build the ontology that describes such scenario. Findings The elements that determine the functionalities of the desired personalization system: first, the user's profile, including navigational history and user preferences; and second, the information collected from the navigational behavior of the digital library users. Research limitations/implications The ontology is not complete. In fact, the ontology in itself will evolve with the new apparition of desired functionalities and requirements of the personalization system. Practical implications Such a personalization system will be very helpful to the users of a digital library to improve their experience of use. Originality/value The use of ontologies promotes the integration of new services into existing ones, and the interoperability with other systems through the appropriate semantic web services. New system functionalities and requirements can be added by including the appropriate description into the ontology framework that defines the digital library scenario of use.
Calcium binding to extracellular sites of skeletal muscle calcium channels regulates dihydropyridine binding. (1990)

The binding of dihydropyridine (PN200-110) to skeletal muscle microsomes (which were 84% sealed inside-out vesicles) was not influenced by the addition of calcium or magnesium nor by addition of their chelators (EDTA or EGTA) unless the vesicles were pretreated with the calcium-magnesium ionophore A23187 and EDTA to remove entrapped cations. Separation of inside-out vesicles from right-side-out vesicles by wheat germ agglutinin chromatography revealed that only the right-side-out vesicles exhibited a calcium-, magnesium-, and chelator-dependent binding of PN200-110. Dihydropyridine binding to cardiac sarcolemma membranes (which were 46% inside-out) and to solubilized skeletal muscle membranes was inhibited by EDTA and could be fully restored by 10 microM calcium or 1 mM magnesium. Calcium increased PN200-110 binding to partially purified rabbit skeletal muscle calcium channels from 3.9 pmol/mg protein to 25.5 pmol/mg protein with a pK0.5 = 6.57 +/- 0.059 and a Hill coefficient of 0.56 +/- 0.04. Magnesium increased binding from 0.7 pmol/mg protein to 16.8 pmol/mg protein with a pK0.5 = 3.88 +/- 0.085 and a Hill coefficient of 0.68 +/- 0.074. These studies suggest that calcium binding to high affinity sites or magnesium binding to low affinity sites on the extracellular side of skeletal muscle T-tubule calcium channels regulates dihydropyridine binding. Further, similar calcium and magnesium binding sites exist on the cardiac calcium channel and serve to allosterically regulate dihydropyridine binding.
Efficiency measurements on gratings in the off-plane mount for a high-resolution grazing-incidence XUV monochromator (2008)

The design of a high-resolution monochromator for XUV radiation is presented. The configuration consists of an entrance slit, a paraboloidal mirror which collimates the XUV beam, a plane grating operated in the off-plane mount and illuminated by the parallel beam and a paraboloidal mirror which refocuses the beam on the exit slit. The off-plane geometry allows using the grating in grazing incidence and in high diffracted orders, resulting in broad-band XUV efficiency and high spectral resolution in a relatively compact environment. The wavelength selection is performed by rotating the grating around an axis passing through its center and parallel to the grooves, simplifying the mechanical movements. Spectral resolution as high as 100000 at 10 nm is expected in an instrument of <15 m length. The configuration will be discussed in details. To validate the concept, some efficiency measurements have been performed on two gratings operated in the off-plane geometry at high diffracted orders in the 50 to 140 nm region. Peak efficiencies in the 0.10-0.13 range have been measured. The configuration could be applied to realize a high-resolution monochromators for Free Electron Laser sources.
Named Entity Recognition with Bilingual Constraints (2013)

Different languages contain complementary cues about entities, which can be used to improve Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems. We propose a method that formulates the problem of exploring such signals on unannotated bilingual text as a simple Integer Linear Program, which encourages entity tags to agree via bilingual constraints. Bilingual NER experiments on the large OntoNotes 4.0 Chinese-English corpus show that the proposed method can improve strong baselines for both Chinese and English. In particular, Chinese performance improves by over 5% absolute F1 score. We can then annotate a large amount of bilingual text (80k sentence pairs) using our method, and add it as uptraining data to the original monolingual NER training corpus. The Chinese model retrained on this new combined dataset outperforms the strong baseline by over 3 % F1 score. 1
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates programmed cell death. (1996)

The function of the recently discovered angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor remains elusive. This receptor is expressed abundantly in fetus, but scantily in adult tissues except brain, adrenal medulla, and atretic ovary. In this study, we demonstrated that this receptor mediates programmed cell death (apoptosis). We observed this effect in PC12W cells (rat pheochromocytoma cell line) and R3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line), which express abundant AT2 receptor but not AT1 receptor. The cellular mechanism appears to involve the dephosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase). Vanadate, a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase inhibitor, attenuated the dephosphorylation of MAP kinases by the AT2 receptor and restored the apoptotic changes. Antisense oligonucleotide to MAP kinase phosphatase 1 inhibited the AT2 receptor-mediated MAP kinase dephosphorylation and blocked the AT2 receptor-mediated apoptosis. These results suggest that protein-tyrosine-phosphatase, including MAP kinase phosphatase 1 activated by the AT2 receptor, is involved in apoptosis. We hypothesize that this apoptotic function of the AT2 receptor may play an important role in developmental biology and pathophysiology.