gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AUTOSAR Acceptance Test of Communication on CAN bus (2017)

The aim of this thesis is to build a framework based on the CAN bus and to create the auto-run scripts followed by the AUTOSAR Acceptance Test for Arctic Core and Arctic Studio, the products from ARCCORE AB. Subsequent to this, the UART driver between the test bench and the application layer has been implemented. In total, 11 test cases are conﬁgured with the application layer, the run time environment (RTE) layer and the basic software (BSW) layer. Thus, the test bench of each test case is also implemented. The result shows that 82.7% test cases are passed and the CANTP module and the LDCOM module are found not supported in the Arctic studio.
<title>Cubic spline approximation of rate and distortion functions for MPEG video</title> (1996)

The rate control algorithm plays an important role for improving and stabilizing the playback quality for video coded with the MPEG standard. Several optimal control techniques have been proposed to aim at the best possible quality for a given channel rate and buffer size. Some of these approaches are complex in that they require the rate and distortion characteristics of the input data to be measured. This motivates us to pursue a method for approximating the rate and distortion functions to reduce the computations. Previous work has been based to a large extent on modeling the distortion as negative exponential functions of the rate. This type of model ignores many factors in a real MPEG encoding process and is not general enough for all video sources. In this paper, we use piece-wise polynomials to approximate the frame-level rate and distortion. The frame dependency between the predictive frame and its reference frames is also considered in our model. Compared to other models, our method is relatively more complex but gives more accurate results. We observe low average relative model errors, which indicates that the model is accurate for most of the quantization settings. We use the model within our gradient-based rate control algorithm and show how using the model one can closely approximate the solution obtained using the actual data. Finally, we apply a simplified version of the model to a new fast algorithm derived from the MPEG Test Model 5, and demonstrate that both the quality (in terms of PSNR) and stability of the quality can be improved.
Enhancement of immunoglobulin G responses in mice against hepatitis B virus surface antigen, influenza virus hemagglutinin vaccine, and tetanus toxoid by 6-O-acylated muramyl dipeptides (1989)

The adjuvant activity of chemically synthesized 6-O-acylated muramyl dipeptides (MDP) was tested in aqueous form. The activity was assessed by determining immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers in sera of mice immunized with hepatitis B virus surface antigen, influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine, or tetanus toxoid with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Administration of 6-O-acyl-MDP analogs with antigens induced marked enhancement of primary and secondary IgG antibody responses and maintained high antibody levels for at least 7 weeks. Among the analogs tested, an MDP methyl ester carrying a 6-O-3-hexadecanoyl-oxytetradecanoyl group (compound 309) exhibited the most intensive adjuvant activity. Its activity was stronger than that of 6-O-2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl (B3O)-MDP used as a positive control. However, accumulation of peritoneal cells and activation of peritoneal macrophages by compound 309 was weaker than that by 6-O-B30-MDP, suggesting that 309 as an immunoadjuvant is more suitable for vaccination in terms of its stronger enhancement of antibody formation and lower induction of inflammatory response than 6-O-B30-MDP.
Automatic identification of informative sections of Web pages (2005)

Web pages - especially dynamically generated ones - contain several items that cannot be classified as the "primary content," e.g., navigation sidebars, advertisements, copyright notices, etc. Most clients and end-users search for the primary content, and largely do not seek the noninformative content. A tool that assists an end-user or application to search and process information from Web pages automatically, must separate the "primary content sections" from the other content sections. We call these sections as "Web page blocks" or just "blocks." First, a tool must segment the Web pages into Web page blocks and, second, the tool must separate the primary content blocks from the noninformative content blocks. In this paper, we formally define Web page blocks and devise a new algorithm to partition an HTML page into constituent Web page blocks. We then propose four new algorithms, ContentExtractor, FeatureExtractor, K-FeatureExtractor, and L-Extractor. These algorithms identify primary content blocks by 1) looking for blocks that do not occur a large number of times across Web pages, by 2) looking for blocks with desired features, and by 3) using classifiers, trained with block-features, respectively. While operating on several thousand Web pages obtained from various Web sites, our algorithms outperform several existing algorithms with respect to runtime and/or accuracy. Furthermore, we show that a Web cache system that applies our algorithms to remove noninformative content blocks and to identify similar blocks across Web pages can achieve significant storage savings.
Gibbs tracking: A novel approach for the reconstruction of neuronal pathways (2008)

Reconstruction of neuronal fibers using diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI is an emerging method in biomedical research. Existing fiber-tracking algorithms are commonly based on the "walker principle." Fibers are reconstructed as trajectories of "walkers," which are guided according to local diffusion properties. In this study, a new method of fiber tracking is proposed that does not engage any "walking" algorithm. It resolves a number of inherent problems of the "walking" approach, in particular the reconstruction of crossing and spreading fibers. In the proposed method, the fibers are built with small line elements. Each line element contributes an anisotropic term to the simulated DW signal, which is adjusted to the measured signal. This method demonstrates good results for simulated fibers. A single in vivo result demonstrates the successful reconstruction of the dominant neuronal pathways. A comparison with the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber assignment with continuous tracking (FACT) method and the probabilistic index of connectivity (PICo) method based on a multitensor model is performed for the callosal fibers. The result shows a strong increase in the number of reconstructed fibers. These almost fill the total white matter (WM) volume and connect a large area of the cortex. The method is very computationally expensive. Possible ways to address this problem are discussed.
Impaired NK Response of Cancer Patients to IFN‐α but Not to IL‐2: Correlation with Serum Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein (IAP) and Role of Suppressor Macrophage (1992)

In vitro NK responses of cancer patients (N = 21) to rIFN-alpha A and rIL-2 were examined. The serum concentration of IAP (immunosuppressive acidic protein) was determined in parallel. Five out of seven patients whose serum IAP contents were within the normal range (270 micrograms/ml to 470 micrograms/ml), had their NK activities significantly augmented by rIFN-alpha A and rIL-2. On the other hand, NK cells from ten out of fifteen patients whose serum IAP concentrations were 650 micrograms/ml or more, were not activated by rIFN-alpha A. NK cells of these fifteen patients yet were capable of responding to rIL-2. NK cells from cancer patients, however, became responsive to rIFN-alpha A by either removal of adherent cells or treatment with indomethacin. Therefore, macrophages in PBMC of cancer patients with high serum IAP levels seem to selectively suppress NK response to rIFN-alpha A by an indomethacin-sensitive mechanisms. It was further shown that PGE2 was not the mediator of this suppression.
Analysis of the transcriptional activity of the <i>hut</i> promoter in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and identification of a <i>cis</i>‐acting regulatory region associated with catabolite repression downstream from the site of transcription (1992)

Levels of transcripts initiated at a hut promoter in Bacillus subtilis were analysed. The addition of histidine to the culture medium increased the level of the transcript sixfold. In the presence of histidine and glucose together, the level of the transcript was reduced to the level in the absence of induction. Furthermore, addition of a mixture of 16 amino acids to cultures of induced cells and of catabolite-repressed cells decreased levels of the transcript 16-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively. Thus, it appears that at least three regulatory mechanisms associated with induction, catabolite repression, and amino acid repression, control the transcriptional activity of the hut promoter. Expression of the hut promoter-lacZ fusions that contained various regions of the hutP gene and deletion analysis of the hutP region revealed a cis-acting sequence associated with catabolite repression that was located between positions +204 and +231 or around position +203.
Perfusion Imaging Using Arterial Spin Labeling (2004)

Arterial spin labeling is a magnetic resonance method for the measurement of cerebral blood flow. In its simplest form, the perfusion contrast in the images gathered by this technique comes from the subtraction of two successively acquired images: one with, and one without, proximal labeling of arterial water spins after a small delay time. Over the last decade, the method has moved from the experimental laboratory to the clinical environment. Furthermore, numerous improvements, ranging from new pulse sequence implementations to extensive theoretical studies, have broadened its reach and extended its potential applications. In this review, the multiple facets of this powerful yet difficult technique are discussed. Different implementations are compared, the theoretical background is summarized, and potential applications of various implementations in research as well as in the daily clinical routine are proposed. Finally, a summary of the new developments and emerging techniques in this field is provided.
Optimized memory access support for data layout conversion on heterogeneous multi-core systems (2014)

Heterogeneous multi-core systems that contain multiple CPUs and GPUs are gaining momentum, as they are providing different computation power to meet the performance demand of modern applications. On such systems, developers try to fully utilize the computation power both for CPU and GPU by using the emerging programming models such as CUDA and OpenCL. To achieve the maximal performance, developers must carefully offload the appropriate workload to the compute devices according to the characteristics of target architecture. Under such scenario, seamlessly data motion between different processors become crucial. Additionally, re-organizing the data layout to fit the target architectures, such as array-of-structure (AOS) for CPU, structure-of-array (SOA) for GPU, and coordinate (COO) format to ELLPACK (ELL) for sparse computation, address such concern. In this paper, we propose a hardware memory manager, which efficiently optimizes the conversion of data layouts for heterogeneous multi-core systems on-the-fly. We address coalescing and sparse format conversion issue in our design. A novel ping-pong transpose architecture is devised to reorganize non-coalescing access pattern, and a histogram unit and sparse address generator are presented to process sparse storage format transformation. Our design reduces the overhead of data transfer and layout transformation among CPU and GPU. In our experiment, our design achieves 68.5 to 2.19 times speed up comparing to software-based library depending on data size.
New technique in the processing and handling of laser velocimeter burst data (1976)

A newly developed signal processing and data handling system for use in laser velocimetry is described. The system provides for entry into lower signal-to-noise ratio environments for capture of data from smaller particles than was formerly practical. Experimental data from a two-component Bragg cell directional velocimeter is used in comparing the system with a conventional counter-type processor. Dramatic improvement in the ’’particle lag problem’’ is seen.
A test processor chip implementing multiple seed, multiple polynomial linear feedback shift register (2002)

This paper presents the design of a low cost, test processor ASIC chip implementing multiple seed, multiple polynomial linear feedback shift register (MPMSLFSR). User programmable seed and feedback connection can be set in the pattern generator of the chip to improve fault coverage. The ASIC also supports scan-path testing. It can also be used to design external IC tester.
Purkinje Cell Expression of a Mutant Allele of<i>SCA1</i>in Transgenic Mice Leads to Disparate Effects on Motor Behaviors, Followed by a Progressive Cerebellar Dysfunction and Histological Alterations (1997)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurological disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat encoding a polyglutamine tract. Work presented here describes the behavioral and neuropathological course seen in mutant SCA1 transgenic mice. Behavioral tests indicate that at 5 weeks of age mutant mice have an impaired performance on the rotating rod in the absence of deficits in balance and coordination. In contrast, these mutant SCA1 mice have an increased initial exploratory behavior. Thus, expression of the mutant SCA1 allele within cerebellar Purkinje cells has divergent effects on the motor behavior of juvenile animals: a compromise of rotating rod performance and a simultaneous enhancement of initial exploratory activity. With age, these animals develop incoordination with concomitant progressive Purkinje neuron dendritic and somatic atrophy but relatively little cell loss. Therefore, the eventual development of ataxia caused by the expression of a mutant SCA1 allele is not the result of cell death per se, but the result of cellular dysfunction and morphological alterations that occur before neuronal demise.
Terrain referenced navigation (2002)

An attempt is made to provide airframe manufacturers and system integrators with an overview of terrain referenced navigation, with particular emphasis on the principle of operation, the types of sensors, and correlation processes in use. The optimization of the sensors for terrain referenced navigation is discussed, and terrain referenced navigation is compared with the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is noted that applications of terrain referenced navigation in conjunction with the database are perhaps more important than the improved navigation accuracy. How each of these applications is implemented and the hardware implications are detailed. The three-dimensional accurate position and the database can be used for other functions such as terrain following and intelligent ground proximity warning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Harvesting the loss: surface plasmon‐based hot electron photodetection (2016)

Abstract Although the nonradiative decay of surface plasmons was once thought to be only a parasitic process within the plasmonic and metamaterial communities, hot carriers generated from nonradiative plasmon decay offer new opportunities for harnessing absorption loss. Hot carriers can be harnessed for applications ranging from chemical catalysis, photothermal heating, photovoltaics, and photodetection. Here, we present a review on the recent developments concerning photodetection based on hot electrons. The basic principles and recent progress on hot electron photodetectors are summarized. The challenges and potential future directions are also discussed.
EOS/ESD reliability of partially depleted SOI technology (1999)

A model for predicting the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection level of PD-SOI MOSFETs and diodes is presented along with data to support the model. The form of the model is compatible with circuit simulators. An important design rule for layout of multifinger SOI ESD protection MOSFETs has been derived from the model. We present experimental data to support this design rule.
Mechanisms of the bactericidal activity of low amperage electric current (DC) (1997)

The mechanisms whereby low amperage (10-100 microA) electric current (DC) is bactericidal were investigated with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. A zone of inhibition test involving the insertion of an anode and cathode into an agar plate inoculated with a lawn of bacteria was used to study the antimicrobial activity of electric current. A zone of inhibition was produced around the cathode when 10 microA (DC) was applied for 16 h. The diameter of the zone was greatly reduced in the presence of catalase. There was no zone around the cathode when the test was carried out under anaerobic conditions. H2O2 was produced at the cathode surface under aerobic conditions but not in the absence of oxygen. A salt-bridge apparatus was used to confirm that H2O2 was produced at the cathode and chlorine at the anode. The antimicrobial activity of low amperage electric current under anaerobic conditions and in the absence of chloride ions against bacteria attached to the surface of a current carrying electrode was also investigated. Antibacterial activity was reduced under anaerobic conditions, which is compatible with the role of H2O2 as a primary bactericidal agent of electricity associated with the cathode. A reduction in chloride ions did not significantly reduce the antibacterial activity suggesting that chlorine plays only a minor role in the bactericidal activity towards organisms attached to anodal electrode surfaces. The localized production of H2O2 and chlorine and the intrinsic activity due to electric current may offer a useful method for eradicating bacteria from catheter surfaces.
Cloth simulation using hardware tessellation (2011)

Cloth simulation has long been a topic of interest in computer graphics since the early works of Terzopoulos et al. Over the years many techniques have been developed to simulate cloth. Though the general concern has been on the physical accuracy of the simulation. As the simulation gets closer to computational sciences the complexity also increases which at times may come at the cost of real-time performance. With newer and more powerful graphics hardware coming out each year, researchers are starting to shy away from the traditional CPU implementation and turning towards the GPU to offload work. As the parallel nature of the graphics hardware offer much better performance, researcher can process many tasks, originally sequential tasks, simultaneously on the GPU. I propose a solution that will map current industry standard's position-based dynamics on to the new graphics pipeline. The focus is on performance and visual realism rather than physical accuracy. By implementing such solutions on the graphics hardware, more detailed cloth behavior can be simulated with real-time performance. In this paper, the described cloth simulation solution will be done completely on the GPU through the use of hardware tessellation on the new DirectX 11 graphics pipeline. The solution though originally designed specifically for cloth may also be adapted for generic deformable object (soft body dynamics).
Mood state prediction from speech of varying acoustic quality for individuals with bipolar disorder (2016)

Speech contains patterns that can be altered by the mood of an individual. There is an increasing focus on automated and distributed methods to collect and monitor speech from large groups of patients suffering from mental health disorders. However, as the scope of these collections increases, the variability in the data also increases. This variability is due in part to the range in the quality of the devices, which in turn affects the quality of the recorded data, negatively impacting the accuracy of automatic assessment. It is necessary to mitigate variability effects in order to expand the impact of these technologies. This paper explores speech collected from phone recordings for analysis of mood in individuals with bipolar disorder. Two different phones with varying amounts of clipping, loudness, and noise are employed. We describe methodologies for use during preprocessing, feature extraction, and data modeling to correct these differences and make the devices more comparable. The results demonstrate that these pipeline modifications result in statistically significantly higher performance, which highlights the potential of distributed mental health systems.
Immobilization of the Copper Catalyst in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1999)

Immobilization of the catalyst system for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on various silica and cross-linked polystyrene supports was studied. The catalyst system comprises a copper halide, complexed by various amines. The effect of size of support particles, the amount of immobilized catalyst, and the addition of Cu(II) species as deactivator in the polymerization were investigated. In all cases, polymerization occurred, but generally the reactions were not as well controlled in terms of molecular weight and polydispersities as homogeneous systems. The molecular weights did not match the predicted values, and polydispersities were high (1.5 < Mw/Mn < 10). However, control was improved by either an increase in catalyst concentration or the addition of deactivator still bound to support to the system. Potential reasons for the reduced control could be the low mobility of the supported catalyst and/or the steric hindrance and incompatibilities between the immobilized catalyst and the polymer chain, thus resulting in a less efficient halogen transfer process compared with homogeneous ATRP.
Performance Comparison of Web Service Engines in PHP, Java and C (2008)

PHP is well known as a programming language in the Web 2.0 era enabling agile server-side software development. It has officially supported SOAP messaging since version 5 through a C-based built-in library. In this paper we perform a thorough study of the capability of PHP as a Web service engine in both qualitative and quantitative aspects while comparing it with other Web service engines implemented in Java and C. We used Axis2 for this purpose as it is an open source web service engine whose implementation is available both in Java and C. We report that PHP as a web service engine performs competitively with Axis2 Java for Web services involving small payloads, and greatly outperforms it for larger payloads by 5-17 times. As the authors expected, Axis2 C performs best, but the experimental results demonstrate that PHP performance is closer to Axis2 C with larger payloads. This performance difference comes from the fact that the SOAP engine within the PHP runtime is implemented in C with a monolithic architecture, whereas Axis2 uses a more modular architecture for the flexible insertation of handlers for an assorted set of WS-* standards, and also that Axis2 uses a different data binding mechanism known as ADB (Axis2 Data binding). This paper is the first attempt to compare Web services engines implemented in PHP, Java and C, and the authors believe that this boosts the development of SOAP-based Web services in PHP by letting people know its decent performance score and high productivity characteristics.