gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Induction of Nonendothelial NO Synthase in Aortas of Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits (1993)

The aim of our study was to examine the effects of the inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO)-synthase, nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), in atherosclerotic aortas obtained from cholesterol-fed rabbits. In the atherosclerotic aortas, L-NNA (100 microM) caused endothelium-independent contractions that were not observed in aortas from control rabbits. L-NNA (100 microM) significantly enhanced the contractile responses to norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in atherosclerotic aortas with and without endothelium; in control aortas, L-NNA only augmented the response to 5-HT when the endothelium was present. The concentration-dependent increases in the norepinephrine-induced contractions caused by L-NNA (1 to 100 microM) could be reversed by L-arginine (1 mM) both in atherosclerotic aortas with and without endothelium. L-NMMA also evoked concentration-dependent augmentations of the norepinephrine-induced contraction; the effect of L-NMMA was equipotent to that of L-NNA. Finally, L-NNA (100 microM) prevented the paradoxical endothelium-independent contraction to hypoxia in atherosclerotic aortas. These data strongly suggest that nonendothelial NO synthase has been induced in the aortas of the hyperlipidemic rabbit.
A COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDY OF HIGH-CURE CRUMB-RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT MATERIALS (2000)

This project was a comprehensive study of methods for incorporating ground tire rubber in asphalt and of the resulting properties and potential pavement serviceability. Potential benefits include improved pavement durability through reduced rates of oxidative hardening, improved Superpave performance grade on both the high and low end grades, and utilization of a waste material. The degree of performance grade improvement depends upon the amount of rubber and the extent of the cure. In general, higher cure results in less increase in both high and low end improvement. However, higher cure also results in improved stability to storage settling and improved high-temperature (hot-mix temperature) viscosity and thus improved mix compaction in dense-graded mixes. A higher degree of curing can be achieved by higher shear and higher temperature, but also by air curing, which also can produce significant increases in the upper end performance grade. Over-curing can result in reducing significantly the benefit of rubber on performance grade, but the positive effect on reducing hardening rates remains. Field tests of a high-cure asphalt rubber material at two levels of rubber in the binder (13.5 and 17.6 wt%) were placed in Bryan, Texas, in summer 1998. Economic analysis indicates a favorable life-cycle benefit if only a 15 to 20% improvement in pavement life is achieved, a level which is likely, based on laboratory aging tests. Field tests of two additional rubber contents in the binder (8 and 12 wt%) were placed in League City, Texas, in June 2000.
Regulation of the voltage-gated K<sup>+</sup> channel KCNA10 by KCNA4B, a novel β-subunit (2002)

Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels are heteromultimeric complexes consisting of pore-forming alpha-subunits and accessory beta-subunits. Several beta-subunits have been identified and shown to interact with specific alpha-subunits to modify their levels of expression or some of their kinetic properties. The aim of the present study was to isolate accessory proteins for KCNA10, a novel Kv channel alpha-subunit functionally related to Kv and cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels. Because one distinguishing feature of KCNA10 is a putative cyclic nucleotide-binding domain located at the COOH terminus, the entire COOH-terminal region was used to probe a human cardiac cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid system. Interacting clones were then rescreened in a functional assay by coinjection with KCNA10 in Xenopus oocytes. One of these clones (KCNA4B), when injected alone in oocytes, produced no detectable current. However, when coinjected with KCNA10, it increased KCNA10 current expression by nearly threefold. In addition, the current became more sensitive to activation by cAMP. KCNA4B can be coimmunoprecipitated with the COOH terminus of KCNA10 and full-length KCNA10. It encodes a soluble protein (141 aa) with no amino acid homology to known beta-subunits but with limited structural similarity to the NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily. KCNA4B is located on chromosome 13 and spans approximately16 kb, and its coding region is made up of five exons. In conclusion, KCNA4B represents the first member of a new class of accessory proteins that modify the properties of Kv channels.
SDR – Half-baked or Well Done? (2019)

In speech enhancement and source separation, signal-to-noise ratio is a ubiquitous objective measure of denoising/separation quality. A decade ago, the BSS_eval toolkit was developed to give researchers worldwide a way to evaluate the quality of their algorithms in a simple, fair, and hopefully insightful way: it attempted to account for channel variations, and to not only evaluate the total distortion in the estimated signal but also split it in terms of various factors such as remaining interference, newly added artifacts, and channel errors. In recent years, hundreds of papers have been relying on this toolkit to evaluate their proposed methods and compare them to previous works, often arguing that differences on the order of 0.1 dB proved the effectiveness of a method over others. We argue here that the signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) implemented in the BSS_eval toolkit has generally been improperly used and abused, especially in the case of single-channel separation, resulting in misleading results. We propose to use a slightly modified definition, resulting in a simpler, more robust measure, called scale-invariant SDR (SI-SDR). We present various examples of critical failure of the original SDR that SI-SDR overcomes.
3-D worlds (1992)

More and more visual imaging applications need to be able to portray natural environments in three dimensions. For example, where imaging is used for remote manipulation in inaccessible locations, significant performance improvements are claimed for systems which provide depth of image visualisation rather than a simple 2-D display.
EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH CYCLOSPORINE VERSUS AZATHIOPRINE ON INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION POSTTRANSPLANTATION (1985)

The incidence and severity of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were evaluated in 24 renal transplant patients treated with steroids and cyclosporine and compared with 40 patients treated with steroids and azathioprine: 58% of patients receiving azathioprine and 33% of patients receiving cyclosporine required additional therapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) to treat steroid-resistant rejections. CMV antibody titers and cultures of urine and saliva were determined monthly for 4-6 months following transplant in all patients. Both the frequency of CMV infection (occurring in 58% of patients on steroids and cyclosporine and in 48% of patients on steroids and azathioprine) and its severity (21% of cyclosporine-treated patients and 22% of azathioprine-treated patients with symptoms) were similar in both groups. Use of ATG was associated with an increased incidence of CMV disease, especially for patients in the azathioprine group. Both the incidence of CMV disease, and the number of patients with symptoms in the azathioprine group were significantly lower when patients who had received ATG were excluded from analysis. When results were analyzed in just the cadaveric recipients in each group, the incidence and severity of CMV infection tended to be higher in azathioprine-treated patients compared with those maintained on cyclosporine. This could have been explained by the more frequent use of ATG in 84% of azathioprine maintained patients compared with 35% of cyclosporine-treated patients (P less than 0.002) since other factors, such as risk for CMV infection and Solumedrol dose for rejection were similar in both groups. The data demonstrate that ATG has a deleterious influence on the incidence and severity of CMV infection in renal transplant patients, even when the dosage of other immunosuppressive drugs is decreased during ATG therapy. Since patients treated with steroids and azathioprine tend to require ATG to treat steroid-resistant rejection more frequently than do patients on cyclosporine, this effect of ATG must be taken into account when evaluating CMV infection in patients on these two drug regimens.
Refractance Window Dehydration Technology: A Novel Contact Drying Method (2007)

Refractance Window® (RW) system is a novel drying method for converting liquid foods and other related biomaterials into powders, flakes, or sheets with added value. In this system, purees or juices prepared from fruits, vegetables, or herbs dry in short times, typically 3–5 min, resulting in products with excellent color, vitamin, and antioxidant retention. The RW drying systems are simple and relatively inexpensive when compared with freeze drying, which usually needs large installations to be economical. In RW drying systems thermal energy is transferred from hot water to a film of puree or juice spread thinly on a plastic conveyor belt. These drying systems operate at atmospheric pressure and are used for commercial production of scrambled egg mix, avocado powder, high carotenoid-containing algae, herbal extracts and human nutrition supplements, and food ingredients, as well as dried fruits and vegetables. This article presents the principle of Refractance Window® drying and highlights some results that show its potential and how it compares with other dryers for processing fruits, vegetables, and other heat-sensitive products.
The L392V mutation of presenilin 1 associated with autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimerʼs disease alters the secondary structure of the hydrophilic loop (1999)

Autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease results mainly from mutations of the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene, which codes for an integral membrane protein of 467 amino acids. The hydrophilic loop (amino acids 263-407) of PSEN1, in which many pathogenic mutations have been localized, appears to be crucial for the protein function since it includes the binding domains to different PSEN1 partners. Using circular dichroism (CD) we analyzed the structural effects of the pathogenic L392V mutation and compared them with those of the E318G substitution. This study revealed that, the L392V mutation, in a phospholipidic medium which mimics the in vivo membrane environment, reduces the alpha helix content of the PSEN1 loop, whereas the E318G substitution, considered as a polymorphism, does not. These results suggest that the pathogenic effect of some PSEN1 mutations within the hydrophilic loop could be the alteration of the interaction to the different binding proteins through a disruption of the secondary structure.
Electron Transfer Rate Maxima at Large Donor–Acceptor Distances (2016)

Because of their low mass, electrons can transfer rapidly over long (>15 Å) distances, but usually reaction rates decrease with increasing donor-acceptor distance. We report here on electron transfer rate maxima at donor-acceptor separations of 30.6 Å, observed for thermal electron transfer between an anthraquinone radical anion and a triarylamine radical cation in three homologous series of rigid-rod-like donor-photosensitizer-acceptor triads with p-xylene bridges. Our experimental observations can be explained by a weak distance dependence of electronic donor-acceptor coupling combined with a strong increase of the (outer-sphere) reorganization energy with increasing distance, as predicted by electron transfer theory more than 30 years ago. The observed effect has important consequences for light-to-chemical energy conversion.
A Novel Binding Protein Composed of Homophilic Tetramer Exhibits Unique Properties for the Small GTPase Rab5 (2002)

The small GTPase Rab family, which cycles between GTP-bound active and GDP-bound inactive states, plays an important role in membrane trafficking. Among them, Rab5 is involved in early endocytic pathway, and several Rab5-binding proteins have been identified as regulators or effectors to coordinate the docking and fusion processes of endocytic vesicles. We describe a novel binding protein exhibiting unique biochemical properties for Rab5. The Rab5-binding protein enhances GDP-GTP exchange reaction on Rab5 but preferentially interacts with its GTP-bound form. Gel filtration and immunoprecipitation analyses indicate that the Rab5-binding protein functions as a tetramer composed of anti-parallel linkage of two parallel dimers. These results suggest that the newly identified protein may function as an upstream activator and/or downstream effector for Rab5 in endocytic pathway. Possible roles of the quaternary structure have been discussed in terms of the Rab5-mediated signaling.
Nondegrading color transparencies (1985)

A technique which records permanent images is presented. This image is encoded into three interference filters representing the three subtractive primaries and one neutral density layer. Unlike current photographic dyes the dielectric filters will not absorb light and, therefore, will not suffer from the fading problems that are inherent in photographic slides.
The 68040 on-chip memory subsystem (2002)

The Motorola 68040 is a third-generation, high-performance, full 32-b microprocessor. The caches, memory-management units (MMUs), and autonomous controllers for the caches and external bus that comprise the memory subsystem are described. The 68040's memory subsystem supports the performance of the integer and floating-point units by using autonomous internal cache/MMU controllers in a Harvard architecture. Physical caches of 4 kB each for instruction and data are provided. The data cache operates in copyback or write-through mode on a per-page basis. Combined with each cache is a separate address translation cache of 64 entries and two transparent translation registers that operate in parallel with the cache to provide complete memory management in a virtual, demand-page environment. The memory subsystem is designed to provide the majority of the required memory bandwidth for the internal caches. The 68040 has two MMUs: one for instruction logical-to-physical address translation and one for data address translation. High performance is possible owing in part to the high level of concurrency available in the memory subsystem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PEALD AlN: Controlling growth and film crystallinity (2015)

Abstract We report on the growth kinetics and material properties of aluminium nitride (AlN) films deposited on Si(111), with plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). Tri‐methyl aluminium (TMA) and NH3‐plasma were used as the precursors. The ALD window was identified in terms of the process parameters, and it showed that a 0.1 s of TMA pulse, 8 s of NH3‐plasma pulse, and 350 °C were the optimal conditions for ALD to occur. In‐situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), using a Cauchy optical model, was used to monitor the film growth in real time. The composition of the as‐grown AlN films were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which revealed Al/N compositions of approximately 46% and 53%, also with low impurity (O, C) levels. The film crystallinity, measured with grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD), showed polycrystalline hexagonal (wurtzitic) crystalline planes. Finally, several techniques were employed to influence the film crystallinity. These included: ALD at different plasma powers and temperatures, in‐situ treatment of the Si(111) wafer with different plasma parameters (composition, power, duration) prior to deposition, and ALD on Si(100) and SiO 2 substrates. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cryptography in the quantum world (2003)

We survey a number of results concerning transmission of quantum information secretly. First of all, we present the basic concepts of quantum information and the rules guiding it. Then we consider quantum teleportation which is the quantum equivalent of the classical one-time-pad, showing the possibility of transmission of perfectly secret quantum messages as long as the users have exchanged a (quantum) secret key before end of a special Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type. Then we consider quantum cryptography, a technique used to secretly exchange a cryptographic key using the uncertainty principle to determine the amount of tempering on the communication. We unveil a technique known as entanglement purification that publicly allows amplification of the privacy of a random secret key. Combined with quantum cryptography this technique allows users to exchange EPR particles publicly and purify them after tempering of an adversary in order to transmit secret information through teleportation. Finally, the quantum equivalent of Shamir's secret sharing is presented.
Zero crossing determination by linear interpolation of sampled sinusoidal signals (2005)

Measuring and monitoring quality parameters of AC power systems requires several calculations, such the actual frequency and relative phase angles between each one of the three phases. These calculations must result in accurate values to comply with the function requirements; for synchronism function, frequency inaccuracy must be less than 0.01 Hz, and phase angle inaccuracy must be less than one degree. To perform these calculations, the zero crossing instants must be determined for each monitored signal. Conventional methods use a hardware circuit to perform these determinations resulting a high-cost system, because each monitored signal must have its own circuit. Averaging is not a good alternative due to the long time required besides there is no improvement in phase angle accuracy. The purpose of this article is to introduce a low-cost one cycle method to perform these calculations by software in a DSP using samples of the monitored signals.
Gene therapy: targeting the myocardium (2007)

Effective clinical delivery of gene therapy to the heart requires understanding and design of complex biological systems to deliver therapeutic gene expression. The development of vectors that specifically target the myocardium, in particular bioengineered recombinant viruses, has improved the efficiency of gene delivery to the heart. These tools, coupled with advances in selection and design of the genetic payload, have led to effective cardiac gene therapy in preclinical models. This technology is currently translating to the clinic with a new wave of gene therapy trials for myocardial disease.
Acid interferences in atomic absorption spectrometry (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid interferences in atomic absorption spectrometryWilliam B. BarnettCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 4, 695–698Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60312a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60312a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
OpenPR: An Open-Source Partial-Reconfiguration Toolkit for Xilinx FPGAs (2011)

The Xilinx Partial Reconfiguration Early Access Software Tools for ISE 9.2i has been an instrumental package for performing a wide variety of research on Xilinx FPGAs, and is now superseded with the corresponding non-free add-on for ISE 12.3. The original package was developed and offered by Xilinx as a downloadable add-on package to the Xilinx ISE 9.2 tools. The 9.2i toolkit provided a methodology for creating rectangular partial reconfiguration modules that could be swapped in and out of a static baseline design with one or more PR slots. This paper presents a new PR toolkit called Open PR that, for starters, provides similar functionality as the Xilinx PR Toolkit, yet is extendable to explore other modes of partial reconfiguration. The distinguishing feature of this toolkit is that it is being released as open source, and is intended to extend to the needs of individual researchers.
Wynne, Ellis: Gweledigaetheu y Bardd Cwsc (2020)

Die moraltendenziöse Satire erschien 1703 und ist das Meisterwerk des Autors, der sein Talent bereits 1701 mit Rheol Buchedd Sanctaidd bewies, der Übersetzung von J. Taylors Predigt The Rule and Exercise of Holy Living (1650).
Max-min partitioning of grid graphs into connected components (1998)

The partitioning of a rectangular grid graph with weighted vertices into p connected components such that the component of smallest weight is as heavy as possible (the max-min problem) is considered. It is shown that the problem is NP-hard for rectangles with at least three rows. A shifting algorithm is given which approximates the optimal solution. Bounds for the relative error are determined under a posteriori hypotheses. A further shifting algorithm is also given which allows for error estimates under a priori hypotheses and for asymptotic error estimates. A similar approach can be taken with the problem of finding the partition whose largest component is as small as possible (the min-max problem). The case of rectangles with two rows has a polynomial algorithm and is dealt with in another paper. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Networks 32: 115–125, 1998
Requirement for Rac1 in a K-ras–Induced Lung Cancer in the Mouse (2007)

Given the prevalence of Ras mutations in human cancer, it is critical to understand the effector pathways downstream of oncogenic Ras leading to transformation. To directly assess the requirement for Rac1 in K-ras-induced tumorigenesis, we employed a model of lung cancer in which an oncogenic allele of K-ras could be activated by Cre-mediated recombination in the presence or absence of conditional deletion of Rac1. We show that Rac1 function is required for tumorigenesis in this model. Furthermore, although Rac1 deletion alone was compatible with cell viability and proliferation, when combined with K-ras activation in primary epithelial cells, loss of Rac1 caused a profound reduction in proliferation. These data show a specific requirement for Rac1 function in cells expressing oncogenic K-ras.