gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple scattering of light by particles radiative transfer and coherent backscattering (2006)

1. Introduction 2. Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic waves, and Stokes parameters 3. Basic theory of electromagnetic scattering 4. Scattering by a fixed multi-particle group 5. Statistical averaging 6. Scattering by a single random particle 7. Single scattering by a small random particle group 8. Radiative transfer equation 9. Calculations and measurements of single-particle characteristics 10. Radiative transfer in plane-parallel scattering media 11. Macroscopically isotropic and mirror-symmetric scattering media 12. Radiative transfer in plane-parallel, microscopically isotropic and mirror-symmetric scattering media 13. Illustrative applications of radiative transfer theory 14. Coherent backscattering.
Control of a Robotic UV Curing Process With Thermal Vision Feedback Through Two IR Cameras (2009)

Robotic ultra-violet (UV) curing is considered to be one of the effective ways to replace the current convection-based methods in various manufacturing processes due to its fast curing rate and high energy efficiency. This paper presents a closed-loop control of a robotic UV curing system by using thermal vision feedback through two infrared (IR) cameras. The proposed approach is developed based on a mathematical analysis of the fundamental UV curing process and the integration of the local and global IR cameras in a cascade manner. A computer simulation study is conducted to evaluate the proposed strategy by regarding two control variables: the radiant intensity of the UV heater and the sweeping speed of the robot end effector. The results indicate that controllers using either control variable can compensate for interferences and improve curing quality under this thermal-vision-based architecture.
Recovering and Learning from Service Failure (1998)

Effective service recovery is vital to maintaining customer and employee satisfaction and loyalty, which contribute significantly to a company's revenues and profitability. Yet most customers are dissatisfied with the way companies resolve their complaints, and most companies do not take advantage of the learning opportunities afforded by service failures. The authors provide a research-based approach for helping managers develop a comprehensive service recovery system. 

To encourage dissatisfied customers to complain, leading firms set performance standards, often through the use of guarantees; communicate the importance of recovery to employees; train customers in how to complain; and use technological support offered through customer call centers and the Internet. In resolving problems, companies need to focus on providing fair outcomes, procedures, and interactions. Successful companies develop hiring criteria and training programs that take into account employees' service-recovery role, develop guidelines for service recovery, are easily accessible to customers, and use the information in customer databases to solve problems.

Firms promote organizational learning by documenting and classifying complaints; useful methods include creating internal complaint forms, accessing complaints made to front-line employees, and categorizing customers who complain. Finally, companies need to generate additional information on service quality, disseminate it to those responsible for implementing improvements, and identify those process improvements that will have the greatest impact on profitability.

Customer conflicts are inevitable. A powerful service-recovery strategy can turn these conflicts into opportunities to improve performance and raise profitability.
Separation and Concentration of Hydrogen Isotopes by a Palladium Alloy Membrane (1993)

A continuous membrane column process that uses a palladium alloy membrane for the separation of hydrogen isotopes is studied. Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium permeation rates obtained in previous studies are used in numerical calculations in which the nature of the membrane column is investigated through variations in the operation variables, such as the pressures and their ratio, the reflux ratio, and the stripping column velocity. Finally, a cascade design in which membrane columns are used as unit cells is developed, following a design study of a nuclear fusion reactor fuel cycle system, and the concentrations and flow rates are calculated. The results show that hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium can be separated and concentrated as well by this method as by the liquid hydrogen distillation process. The inventory of the membrane column process is also calculated, and it is ∼2.3 times the fuel processed in a day.
The role of symmetries in adiabatic quantum algorithms (2010)

Exploiting the similarity between adiabatic quantum algorithms and quantum phase transitions, we argue that second-order transitions -- typically associated with broken or restored symmetries -- should be advantageous in comparison to first-order transitions. Guided by simple examples we construct an alternative adiabatic algorithm for the NP-complete problem {\em Exact Cover 3}. We show numerically that its average performance (for the considered cases up to $\ord\{20\}$ qubits) is better than that of the conventional scheme. The run-time of adiabatic algorithms is not just determined by the minimum value of the fundamental energy gap (between the ground state and the exited states), but also by its curvature at the critical point. The proposed symmetry-restoring adiabatic quantum algorithm only contains contributions linear and quadratic in the Pauli matrices and can be generalized to other problem Hamiltonians which are decomposed of terms involving one and two qubits. We show how the factoring problem can be cast into such a quadratic form. These findings suggest that adiabatic quantum algorithms can solve a large class of NP problems much faster than the Grover search routine (which corresponds to a first-order transition and yields a quadratic enhancement only).
Occurrence of Myocarditis in Sudden Death in Children (1977)

This study suggests that the prevalence of "silent" myocarditis may be higher in the pediatric population than is generally suspected and may contribute to a significant number of sudden and unexpected deaths in children, particularly those older than one year of age. The incidence of histologic myocarditis in children dying a violent death is similar to that reported as an incidental finding in adults.
Preparation and crystal structure of a new barium silicon nitride, Ba5Si2N6 (1996)

Single crystals of a new ternary nitride, Ba5Si2N6, were synthesized by slow cooling from 750°C using a starting mixture of Ba, Si, Na and NaN3, where Na and NaN3 were a flux and a nitrogen source respectively. It crystallizes with orthorhombic symmetry: space group P212121 (No. 19), a = 6.159, b = 10.305, c = 15.292 Å, and Z = 4. The crystal structure was determined from single-crystal data and refined to R1 = 0.0495 for all 1637 observed reflections and 89 variables. A pair of SiN4 tetrahedra contained in the structure forms a nitridometallate anion of [Si2N6]10 by edge sharing.
High strength, flexible and transparent nanofibrillated cellulose–nanoclay biohybrid films with tunable oxygen and water vapor permeability (2012)

A novel, technically and economically benign procedure to combine vermiculite nanoplatelets with nanocellulose fibre dispersions into functional biohybrid films is presented. Nanocellulose fibres of 20 nm diameters and several micrometers in length are mixed with high aspect ratio exfoliated vermiculite nanoplatelets through high-pressure homogenization. The resulting hybrid films obtained after solvent evaporation are stiff (tensile modulus of 17.3 GPa), strong (strength up to 257 MPa), and transparent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the hybrid films consist of stratified nacre-like layers with a homogenous distribution of nanoplatelets within the nanocellulose matrix. The oxygen barrier properties of the biohybrid films outperform commercial packaging materials and pure nanocellulose films showing an oxygen permeability of 0.07 cm3 μm m−2 d−1 kPa−1 at 50% relative humidity. The oxygen permeability of the hybrid films can be tuned by adjusting the composition of the films. Furthermore, the water vapor barrier properties of the biohybrid films were also significantly improved by the addition of nanoclay. The unique combination of excellent oxygen barrier behavior and optical transparency suggests the potential of these biohybrid materials as an alternative in flexible packaging of oxygen sensitive devices such as thin-film transistors or organic light-emitting diode displays, gas storage applications and as barrier coatings/laminations in large volume packaging applications.
Dreams, art and virtual worldmaking. (2003)

This paper examines the possible role of dreams and other forms of virtual worldmaking (chiefly fictions) in forming and maintaining our adaptive systems. I posit no exclusive function for the dream. Rather, I treat it a an extension of fiction's preoccupation with our daily concerns, desires and fears. I suggest that narratives help us to enlarge and revise our perceptual and response systems, not by offering us moral or ethical propositions to live by but by increasing certain skills in our mental organization. Departing from John Paulos' idea that fictions and mathematics (narratives and numbers) work in similar ways, I further examine the role that probability ratios might play in dreams, despite the seeming bizarreness of many dreams. The overall idea is that narratives of all sorts are one cognitive means, among many, by which we accumulate “sums” of knowledge and expectation, and maintain and revise our notions of what goes with what in human experience. I also look briefly at fictional archetypes (Oedipus, Orestes/Hamlet, etc.) and universal dreams (falling, being lost or attacked, etc.) as master plots in our probability systems.
A Dopamine/D1 Receptor/Protein Kinase A/Dopamine- and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein (<i>M</i><sub>r</sub>32 kDa)/Protein Phosphatase-1 Pathway Regulates Dephosphorylation of the NMDA Receptor (1998)

We have investigated the mechanism by which activation of dopamine (DA) receptors regulates the glutamate sensitivity of medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens. Our results demonstrate that DA regulates the phosphorylation state of the NR1 subunit of NMDA-type glutamate receptors. The effect of DA was mimicked by SKF82526, a D1-type DA receptor agonist, and by forskolin, an activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and was blocked by H-89, a PKA inhibitor. These data indicate that DA increases NR1 phosphorylation through a PKA-dependent pathway. DA-induced phosphorylation of NR1 was blocked in mice bearing a targeted deletion of the gene for dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa (DARPP-32), a phosphoprotein that is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1, indicating that the effect of PKA is mediated, in part, by regulation of the DARPP-32/protein phosphatase-1 cascade. In support of this interpretation, NR1 phosphorylation was increased by calyculin A, a protein phosphatase-1/2A inhibitor. A model is proposed in which the ability of DA to regulate NMDA receptor sensitivity is attributable to a synergistic action involving increased phosphorylation and decreased dephosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor.
Spectroscopic and electronic properties of 1-azaallylmetal(I) (M = Cu or Au) complexes; molecular structure of [{Au[μ-N(R)C(Ph)CR2]}2] (R = SiMe3) (1999)

The reaction of [Li{N(R)C(Ph)CR2}(thf)] (R = SiMe3) with CuI or [AuCl(SMe2)] gave the stable metal complexes [{M[µ-N(R)C(Ph)CR2]}2] (M = Cu or Au) which were fully characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, microanalysis and for M = Au X-ray diffraction. Their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are compared with the related copper complexes [{Cu[µ-N(R)C(But)C(H)R]}2], [Cu{N(R)C(But)C(H)R}(PPh3)] and [Li(dme)3][Cu{N(R)C(But)C(H)R}2].
Interleukin-12 Amplifies the M. leprae hsp65-Cytotoxic Response in the Presence of Tumour Necrosis Factor-α and Interferon-γ Generating CD56+ Effector Cells: Interleukin-4 Downregulates This Effect (2000)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a major immunomodulatory cytokine that represents a functional bridge between the early resistance and the subsequent antigen specific adaptive immunity. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma have an important role in the generation of hsp65 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that lyse hsp65-pulsed autologous macrophages (hsp65 CTL). Since a positive feedback mechanism between TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-12 has been described, we undertook to evaluate the role of IL-12 on the hsp65 CTL generation in leprosy patients. Our results show that the presence of IL-12 during the first 24 h of the in vitro antigen stimulation amplifies the hsp65 cytotoxic response whenever both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha are present. The addition of these three cytokines (CKs) was able to abrogate the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on hsp65 CTL in cells from paucibacillary patients (PB) but not that of IL-4 in PB and normal controls (N). Both IL-12 or anti IL-4 enhanced the cytotoxic activity in cells from multibacillary patients (MB). Anti IL-4 upregulated the binding of IFN-gamma and did not modify that of TNF-alpha so the low CTL activity could be as a result of IL-4 by a decrease of the IFN-gamma binding on MB cells. Cells from those MB patients taking thalidomide (MB-T) did neither bind IFN-gamma nor TNF-alpha even when antigen or anti-IL-4 were added, demonstrating that thalidomide inhibits either the in vitro binding or receptor expression of both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Development of CD56 effector cells during the hsp65 stimulation was observed in PB and N by the addition of IL-12 plus TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, while in MB and MB-T anti IL-4 was also required. So, the inhibitory effect of IL-4 on either production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and/or IL-12 or their receptors could be the mechanism underlying the lack of the hsp65 CTL generation in cells from MB.
Multiple sclerosis: Brain-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells persist as clonal expansions in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood (2004)

We surveyed the T cell receptor repertoire in three separate compartments (brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood) of two multiple sclerosis patients who initially had diagnostic brain biopsies to clarify their unusual clinical presentation but were subsequently confirmed to have typical multiple sclerosis. One of the brain biopsy specimens had been previously investigated by microdissection and single-cell PCR to determine the clonal composition of brain-infiltrating T cells at the single-cell level. Using complementarity-determining region 3 spectratyping, we identified several identical, expanded CD8+ (but not CD4+) T cell clones in all three compartments. Some of the expanded CD8+ T cells also occurred in sorted CD38+ blood cells, suggesting that they were activated. Strikingly, some of the brain-infiltrating CD8+ T cell clones persisted for >5 years in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood and may thus contribute to the progression of the disease.
New synthesis of isoxazoles and isothiazoles. A convenient synthesis of thioenaminones from enaminones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthesis of isoxazoles and isothiazoles. A convenient synthesis of thioenaminones from enaminonesYang-I Lin and Stanley A. Lang Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 24, 4857–4860Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01312a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01312a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1608Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Slow chemical transmission between dorsal root ganglion neuron somata (2012)

Somatic sensory neuron somata are located within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and are mostly ensheathed by individual satellite glial cell sheets. It has been noted, however, that a subpopulation of these DRG somata are intimately associated, separated only by a single thin satellite glial cell membrane septum. We set out to test whether such neuron-glial cell-neuron trimers (NGlNs) are also linked functionally. The presence of NGlNs in chick DRGs was confirmed by electron microscopy. Selective satellite glial cell immunostains were identified and were used to image the inter-neuron septa in DRG frozen sections. We used a gentle, dispase-based enzymatic method to isolate chick and rat NGlNs in vitro for double patch clamp recordings. In the majority of pairs tested, an action potential-like stimulus train delivered to one soma resulted in a delayed, noisy and long-duration response in its idle partner. The response to a second stimulus train given minutes later was markedly facilitated. Both bidirectional and unidirectional transmission was observed between the paired neurons. Transmission was chemical and block by the general purinergic blocker suramin implicated ATP as a neurotransmitter. We conclude that the two neuronal somata in the NGlN can communicate by chemical transmission, which may involve a transglial, bi-synaptic pathway. This novel soma-to-soma transmission reflects a novel form of processing that may play a role in sensory disorders in the DRG and interneuron communication in the central nervous system.
Intracortical recording stability in human brain–computer interface users (2018)

A greater understanding of unit stability and instability can aid the development of motor BCIs, where the goal is to maintain a high level of performance despite changes in the recorded population. BCIs should be able to be operated without technician intervention for hours, and hopefully days, to provide the most benefit to the end-users of this technology.
Iron‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free Carbon‐Selenium (or Tellurium) Coupling of Arylboronic Acids with Diselenides and Ditellurides (2009)

Abstract Carbon‐selenium and carbon‐tellurium cross‐couplings of arylboronic acids with diselenides and ditellurides have been catalyzed by iron(0), iron(II) chloride or iron(III) chloride without any ligand and additive in the air. The method yields the corresponding unsymmetrical diorgano monoselenides and monotellurides in good to excellent yields, displays a broad substrate scope, and is simple, convenient, effective, economical and environmentally friendly.
An experiment on the layout and grounding of power distribution wires in a printed circuit board (2001)

An experiment has been designed with the aim to enhance the students' understanding in the topic of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). A printed circuit board (PCB) is developed with a motor driver circuit, a digital clock generator, and a sinewave oscillator on board. The digital and analog signals are monitored using an oscilloscope to study the interference effects. The circuit module is duplicated with a different grounding system. A separate ground system proves to be very effective in reducing the conducted EMI. Further noise reduction can be achieved using decoupling capacitors or L-network filters. The effectiveness depends on the location where these additional components are applied. The effect of ground loop is also studied in the experiment.
5226 Practical Performance of Esters in MQL Deep Drilling (2006)

MQL deep drilling with three kinds of synthetic biodegradable polyol esters indicated the ester having kinematic viscosity of 20mm^2/s at 40℃ provided the excellent cutting performance and the most preferable MQL discharge characteristics. Although the previous experimental facts had demonstrated that a synthetic ester for MQL machining had shown the better cutting performance in the order of higher oxygen concentration in the carrier gas. However, the carrier gas of MQL machining did not always require high concentration of oxygen and air was found to be one practical answer to the optimal carrier gas for MQL deep drilling.
Compression Efficiency and Delay Tradeoffs for Hierarchical B-Pictures and Pulsed-Quality Frames (2007)

Real-time video applications require tight bounds on end-to-end delay. Hierarchical bidirectional prediction requires buffering frames in the encoder input buffer, thereby contributing to encoder input delay. Long-term frame prediction with pulsed quality requires buffering at the encoder output, increasing the output buffer delay. Both hierarchical B-pictures and pulsed-quality coders involve uneven bit-rate allocation. Both the encoder and decoder buffering requirements depend on the rate allocation. We derive an efficient rate allocation for hierarchical B-pictures using the power spectral density of a wide-sense stationary process. In addition, we discuss important aspects of hierarchical predictive coding, such as the effect of the temporal prediction distance and delay tradeoffs for prediction branch truncation. Finally, we investigate experimentally the tradeoff between delay and compression efficiency.
Blue solutions of sulfur in salt melts (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlue solutions of sulfur in salt meltsW. GiggenbachCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 6, 1308–1311Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50100a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50100a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts