gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards situated computing (2002)

Situated computing concerns the ability of computing devices to detect, interpret and respond to aspects of the user's local environment. In this paper, we use our recent prototyping experience to identify a number of challenging issues that must be resolved in building wearable computers that support situated applications. The paper is organized into three areas: Sensing the local environment, interpreting sensor data, and realizing the value of situated applications. We conclude that while it is feasible to develop interesting prototypes, there remain many difficulties to overcome before robust systems may be widely deployed.
Growth of 2H silicon carbide crystals (1969)

Crystals of one of the rarer crystalline modifications of silicon, 2H Sic, were grown.These crystals with dimensions up to 3.3 mm in the c-direction and 0.3 mm in the a-directions were usually transparent and either colorless or amber colored.Growth was by the reduction of methyltrichlorosilane (CH3SiC13) in a H2 atmosphere in the temperature range 1300' to 1400' C. The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS)mechanism, which has been suggested for previous 2H S i c growth, was not involved in this growth.Factors affecting the crystal growth were the susceptor temperature profile and the CH 3SiC13 concentration in H2.
Formation of high-quality oxide/nitride stacked layers on rugged polysilicon electrodes by rapid thermal oxidation (1993)

It is demonstrated that the use of rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) of thin Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ films deposited on rugged poly-Si electrodes greatly improves the reliability of the films, compared to conventional wet (steam) oxidation. Superior TDDB characteristics and suppression of capacitance loss during high-field stress have been achieved by RTO.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid Chromatic Adaptation and the Sensitivity Functions of Human Color Vision* (1956)

Previous studies have shown that the spectral sensitivity curve of the cones, in the dark-adapted eye, displays three maxima and that these are indicated even more clearly when the foveal test stimuli are superimposed upon colored adapting stimuli. These maxima are believed to be the result of at least three underlying sensitivity functions related to the “fundamental response curves” of human color vision. By delivering foveal, monochromatic test flashes only 0.05 sec after the onset of colored adapting stimuli, these maxima are further enhanced, and very large distortions of the usual spectral sensitivity curve result. On the assumption that the over-all sensitivity curves for five conditions of adaptation are the sum of four underlying sensitivity curves (with maxima at approximately 430, 530, 570, and 610 mμ), a satisfactory fit of the experimental data is obtained which appears to support a four-component theory of color vision.
Laptop Chemistry: A Compact, Portable Thin Layer Scanner (1990)

Abstract We introduce a field portable Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plate scanner based on digital image processing hardware. The TLC scanner module consists of a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) imaging detector, a Xenon strobe light source, and the necessary hardware to capture and process video images. The instrument is bundled with a laptop computer to form a compact instrument the size of a 6 inch thick briefcase. To automate analysis, software has been developed for (a) subtraction of dark noise, correction of variations due to pixel sensitivity and spatial nonuniformity of source intensity, (b) automated lane finding, (c) comparison to standards for on-plate calibration, and (d) peak finding and integration. Response to analyte concentration is linear with a detection limit of 40 ppb for sulfamethazine spotted on a plate, with correlation coefficient of 0.994.
Radio propagation within buildings at 900 MHz (1982)

The letter reports some results of a survey which studied the propagation of radio signals at 900 MHz within buildings for the operation of cordless telephones. Histograms are presented of signal strength together with computed values for bit-error ratio for digital FSK modulation. A distance/power law is derived appertaining to the propagation characteristics of the building.
Green Coffee Bean Extract Improves Human Vasoreactivity (2004)

Our previous study revealed the antihypertensive effects of green coffee bean extract (GCE) ingestion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. We suggested that this antihypertensive action was due to the fact that GCE contains chlorogenic acid (CQA) as a major phenolic compound, and CQA in turn contains ferulic acid as a metabolic component that acts on nitric oxide (NO) derived from the vascular endothelium. In this study, the effects of GCE on blood vessels were evaluated in healthy males. The subjects were 20 healthy males with reduced vasodilation responses measured by strain gauge plethysmograms (SPG) to ischemic reactive hyperemia. Of the 20 subjects, 10 (mean age, 37.2 years) ingested a test drink containing GCE (CQA: 140 mg/day), and the other 10 (mean age, 34.8 years) ingested a placebo drink for 4 months. During the ingestion period, SPG, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and serum biochemical parameters were measured, and acceleration plethysmograms (APG) were taken. The reactive hyperemia ratio (RHR) in the test drink group began to increase after ingestion for 1 month and was significantly higher (p <0.05) than that in the placebo group after ingestion for 3 months and 4 months. In addition, after ingestion for 4 months, the test drink group showed a significant decrease (p <0.01) in the plasma total homocysteine level compared with the pre-ingestion level. However, there were no significant differences in PWV or APG between the test drink group and the placebo drink group. The improvement in RHR after ingestion of a drink containing GCE suggested an improvement in vasoreactivity by this component.
Implementing phicons (1999)

This paper describes a novel physical icon [3] (“phicon”) based system that can be programmed to issue a range of commands about what the user wishes to do with handdrawn whiteboard content. Through the phicon's UI, a command to process whiteboard context is issued using infrared signaling in combination with image processing and a ceiling-mounted camera system. We leverage camera systems that are already used for capturing whiteboard content [4] by further augmenting these systems to detect the presence and location of IR beacons within an image. An HDLC-based protocol and a built-in IR transmitter are used to send these signals.
Techniques for Artistically Rendering Space-Filling Curves (2002)

Space-filling fractal curves are discussed, both classical and new. Techniques are discussed for rendering space-filling curves in an aesthetically pleasing fashion, in opposition to the traditional manner of black lines on white backgrounds. These techniques use color, line weight, and curved shapes, and can be applied to a wide variety of space-filling curves. Introduction Space-filling curves are those curves that, while having zero thickness, are sufficiently contorted that they completely cover an area or volume. Originally considered pathological, they have been part of the fractal family for over 100 years. In 1890, Giuseppe Peano first discussed the plane-filling curve [1], a fractal curve that literally filled a region of a plane. The next year, David Hilbert published the first image of a fractal, the two-dimensional square-filling curve bearing his name [2]. Since then, many other types of space-filling curves (as they are now called) have been discovered (or invented), such as Cesaro's 1905 modification cifthe Koch curve [1]. Like other fractals, space-filling curves are generated in stages, or iterations. In Figure 1, the first few stages of the Peano curve are shown. The initial stage is a single line segment, and the generator is a nine-segment curve (the angles are actually 90°, but are shown as 89° for clarity). At each iteration, every segment in the current curve is replaced by a small copy of the generator.
Pharmacology of the Sphincter of Oddi (1988)

The sphincter of Oddi is the smooth muscle connection between the bile duct and the duodenum. Its physiological function is associated with a regular motility characterized by phasic contractions superimposed on the sphincter of Oddi baseline pressure. Recently introduced ERCP-manometry permits further studies of sphincter of Oddi pharmacology. A number of drugs have so far been studied. Sedatives of the diazepam type had no effect on the sphincter, while butylscopolaminium bromide, a typical neurotropic agent, brings about cessation of the sphincter motility for 3-8 minutes. Hymecromon lowered the sphincter baseline pressure from 9.8 to 7.8 mmHg. A 1.2 mg sublingual dose of nitroglycerin, a typical musculotropic agent, caused significant relaxation of the sphincter, and decreased baseline pressure from 8.9 mmHg to 2.9 mmHg; Sphincter motility was not affected. Morphine-like analgetics, in particular pentazocine, elevated sphincter baseline pressure, but buprenorphine and tramadol did not. Pharmacological doses of gastrointestinal hormones also affect the sphincter; CCK octapeptide, glucagon and secretin are able to decrease sphincter of Oddi baseline pressure, and CCK octapeptide abolishes sphincter motility. Sphincter of Oddi pharmacology is of clinical interest. The administration of sphincter-relaxing agents, in particular nitroglycerin and butylscopolaminium bromide, enables the endoscopist to extract small common bile duct stones without previous papillotomy. Analgetics that induce sphincter contraction and thus hinder the flow of bile and pancreatic juice, may be helpful for the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatico-biliary disease. Investigations into the effect of CCK on the healthy and diseased sphincter permit us to identify patients with sphincter dysfunction using a special CCK-provocation test.
Directed Evolution of Retrovirus Envelope Protein Cytoplasmic Tails Guided by Functional Incorporation into Lentivirus Particles (2004)

In contrast to most gammaretrovirus envelope proteins (Env), the Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) Env protein does not mediate the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles. We made use of this observation to set up a directed evolution system by creating a library of GaLV Env variants diversified at three critical amino acids, all located around the R-peptide cleavage site within the cytoplasmic tail. This library was screened for variants that were able to functionally pseudotype HIV-1 vector particles. All selected Env variants mediated the infectivity of HIV-1 vector particles and encoded novel cytoplasmic tail motifs. They were efficiently incorporated into HIV particles, and the R peptide was processed by the HIV protease. Interestingly, in some of the selected variants, the R-peptide cleavage site had shifted closer to the C terminus. These data demonstrate a valuable approach for the engineering of chimeric viruses and vector particles.
Optimal splitters for database partitioning with size bounds (2009)

Partitioning is an important step in several database algorithms, including sorting, aggregation, and joins. Partitioning is also fundamental for dividing work into equal-sized (or balanced) parallel subtasks. In this paper, we aim to find, materialize and maintain a set of partitioning elements (splitters) for a data set. Unlike traditional partitioning elements, our splitters define both inequality and equality partitions, which allows us to bound the size of the inequality partitions. We provide an algorithm for determining an optimal set of splitters from a sorted data set and show that it has time complexity O(k lg2 N), where k is the number of splitters requested and N is the size of the data set. We show how the algorithm can be extended to pairs of tables, so that joins can be partitioned into work units that have balanced cost. We demonstrate experimentally (a) that finding the optimal set of splitters can be done efficiently, and (b) that using the precomputed splitters can improve the time to sort a data set by up to 76%, with particular benefits in the presence of a few heavy hitters.
First Gallamine−Tacrine Hybrid:  Design and Characterization at Cholinesterases and the M<sub>2</sub> Muscarinic Receptor (2007)

Gallamine and tacrine are allosteric antagonists at muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptors and inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. At both acetylcholine-binding proteins, gallamine and tacrine are known to occupy two different binding sites: in M2 receptors within the allosteric binding area and in acetylcholinesterase at its catalytic and its peripheral site. To find new ligands of both targets, we designed a gallamine-tacrine dimer and several derived hybrid compounds to address the two binding sites. Their M2 receptor allosteric and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential was determined. The hybrid compounds revealed an allosteric potency in the low nanomolar range exceeding the allosteric potency of gallamine and tacrine by factors of 100 and 4800, respectively. Cholinesterase inhibition was augmented by hybrid formation, and all compounds exhibited IC50 values in the lower nanomolar range. Thus, gallamine-tacrine hybrid formation is a valuable approach toward high affinity ligands concurrently targeting these acetylcholine-binding proteins.
Analysis of 16S rRNA and mxaF genes reveling insights into Methylobacterium niche-specific plant association (2012)

The genus Methylobacterium comprises pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria, known to be an important plant-associated bacterial group. Species of this group, described as plant-nodulating, have the dual capacity of producing cytokinin and enzymes, such as pectinase and cellulase, involved in systemic resistance induction and nitrogen fixation under specific plant environmental conditions. The aim hereby was to evaluate the phylogenetic distribution of Methylobacterium spp. isolates from different host plants. Thus, a comparative analysis between sequences from structural (16S rRNA) and functional mxaF (which codifies for a subunit of the enzyme methanol dehydrogenase) ubiquitous genes, was undertaken. Notably, some Methylobacterium spp. isolates are generalists through colonizing more than one host plant, whereas others are exclusively found in certain specific plant-species. Congruency between phylogeny and specific host inhabitance was higher in the mxaF gene than in the 16S rRNA, a possible indication of function-based selection in this niche. Therefore, in a first stage, plant colonization by Methylobacterium spp. could represent generalist behavior, possibly related to microbial competition and adaptation to a plant environment. Otherwise, niche-specific colonization is apparently impelled by the host plant.
A Numerical Taxonomic Study of 100 Isolates of Corynebacterium pyogenes (1968)

SUMMARY: An Adansonian analysis was made on 100 isolates of Corynebacterium pyogenes with the aid of a digital computer. A wide variety of tests was used to define the isolates. The resulting dendrogram showed that C. pyogenes was a ‘good species’, with the 100 isolates related at high similarity values. No close affinity between biotype and host-species or between biotype and lesion was found, apart from the disposition within two adjacent groups of all of the isolates which originated from Swedish bulls.
Acoustic emissions in broadband vibration as an indicator of bearing stress (2002)

Wideband vibration measurements from seeded fault testing conducted at Pratt and Whitney have been examined to determine the practicality of using such measurements to monitor bearing stress. The measurements were taken using a robust laser interferometer (RLI) in support of technology investigations conducted for prognostic health monitoring (PHM) for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program. Data from Bearing 1 was examined, where the changes in bearing stress resulted from: changes in operational speed; seeded physical faults and changes in lubrication availability and quality. The RLI measurements were made by measuring the bearing vibrations that were transmitted from the outer race (and its housing) through, or along, the scavenge oil pipe to the outer surface of the engine. Bearing stress and the general health of the 1 bearing were examined from a variety of viewpoints, including the observation of the existence of and character of time series shock pulses, the measurement of enveloped detection bearing fault frequencies, and changes in the amplitude and character of spectrums. While remaining work is required for both RLI system refinement and the development of appropriate analytical tools, it has been demonstrated that acoustic emissions in broadband vibrations should be expected to provide a viable indication of bearing stress.
High impedance fault detection for industrial power systems (2003)

The authors describe the characteristics of high-impedance faults and the most effective techniques for detecting them. The benefits of high-impedance fault detection for industrial power systems are identified. It is shown that the most effective high-impedance-fault detection system incorporates several algorithms and monitors a number of parameters to ensure sensitivity and correct operation. Operating the detector in an alarm mode improves safety and fault location with minimal effect on service continuity. A valuable use for such a detector would be the identification of incipient faults, so that critical loads can be switched to another source before the fault becomes bolted and requires the circuit to be cleared. Using a detector in this way could save substantial down-time costs for critical processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth of {100} textured diamond films by the addition of nitrogen (1996)

Localized {100} fiber textured diamond films were grown by addition of 20–200 ppm nitrogen into the gas phase during hot-filament chemical-vapor deposition (CVD). Cathodoluminescence indicates the presence of the nitrogen-vacancy system in the {100} textured diamond, whereas a blue ‘‘band A’’ luminescence is normally observed in diamond films grown without nitrogen addition. The results demonstrate that the nature of the substrates used for growth has no appreciable influence on the {100} texture, which implies that this fiber texture is obtained by competitive growth and selection of facets. The interaction of nitrogen with the {100} surface is a highly important factor in this process. Homoepitaxial growth shows that the addition of a small amount of nitrogen greatly enhances the growth rate of the {100} faces, making 〈100〉 the fastest growth direction in comparison with the 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 directions. This is attributed to breaking of a part of the dimers on the (2×1) reconstructed {100} surface by nitrogen compounds. The {100} texture in narrow, ring-shaped areas on diamond layers grown by the flame technique can also be attributed to the occurrence of a certain amount of nitrogen in the gas phase. It is demonstrated that the flame grown polycrystalline diamond layers have morphologies and cathodoluminescence features that are consistent with those observed in the hot-filament CVD diamond films grown with the addition of nitrogen.
Wavelet-based color image compression: exploiting the contrast sensitivity function (2003)

The visual efficiency of an image compression technique depends directly on the amount of visually significant information it retains. By "visually significant" we mean information to which a human observer is most sensitive. The overall sensitivity depends on aspects such as contrast, color, spatial frequency, and so forth. One important aspect is the inverse relationship between contrast sensitivity and spatial frequency. This is described by the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). In compression algorithms the CSF can be exploited to regulate the quantization step-size to minimize the visibility of compression artifacts. Existing CSF implementations for wavelet-based image compression use the same quantization step-size for a large range of spatial frequencies. This is a coarse approximation of the CSF. This paper presents two new techniques that implement the CSF at significantly higher precision, adapting even to local variations of the spatial frequencies within a decomposition subband. The approaches can be used for luminance as well as color images. For color perception three different CSFs describe the sensitivity. The implementation technique is the same for each color band. Implemented into the JPEG2000 compression standard, the new techniques are compared to conventional CSF-schemes. The proposed techniques turn out to be visually more efficient than previously published methods. However, the emphasis of this paper is on how the CSF can be implemented in a precise and locally adaptive way, and not on the superior performance of these techniques.
FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH AND FRACTURE MECHANICS CONSIDERATIONS FOR FLAW INSPECTION OF RAILROAD RAIL (1980)

The paper describes a simple crack growth analysis which, in view of the many uncertainties regarding input information, has been found to provide a reasonable approximation of the defect behavior actually observed in service. The analysis undertaken here will be applied only to defects growing transversely within the head of the rail. The analysis shows that rail inspection in curves--(sensitivity and frequency) based upon fatigue crack growth consideration are interrelated to the fracture properties of the rail steels, the characteristics of the track structure, and the type and level of service to be imposed upon the rails. Some preliminary stress calculations have suggested that the application of 20 kip lateral loads, such as might develop under steady state curving conditions, could more than double the peak tensile stresses applied to a subsurface gauge corner defect under the standard vertical load, material, and track characteristic conditions used in this analysis. This observation would imply a more severe defect growth situation in curves -- an observation which is in line with the results of FAST tests.
An Overdue Salute: John Monash of Jerilderie and Melbourne (2008)

The author pays tribute to John Monash, commander of the 4th Infantry Brigade of the Australian Imperial Force during World War I. He examines Monash's role in helping to build the nation state of Australia through his outstanding military career. He argues that Monash has been relegated to the margins of popular Australian history. He also suggests that, on the basis of outright merit and comparative merit, General Sir John Monash should have been promoted as Australia's first Field Marshal. Tim Fischer and Jeffrey Grey addressed The Sydney Institute on Tuesday 11 November 2008 to discuss John Monash.