gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase II Clinical Trial of Intratumoral Application of TG1042 (Adenovirus-interferon-γ) in Patients With Advanced Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas and Multilesional Cutaneous B-cell Lymphomas (2010)

Cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders that are manageable by immunotherapy. Twenty-one patients were enrolled in a prospective open-label, dose-escalation multicenter study evaluating the effects of repeated TG1042 [adenovirus-interferon (IFN)-gamma] intralesional injections in patients with primary CLs, of which 18 were of T-cell and 3 of B-cell type. Repeated intralesional therapy using TG1042 consistently results in local tumor regressions in about half of treated patients and one-third of patients also in regressions in noninjected distant lesions, likely reflecting the systemic immune activation after intralesional therapy. Treatment was well tolerated with few adverse events including injection site reactions, chills, lymphopenia, and fever. Immune monitoring in the peripheral blood demonstrated systemic immune activation and the induction of antibodies against tumor antigens in some patients without clear association with clinical responses. CLs, in particular B-cell lymphomas with high objective response rates, seem to be excellent targets for this type of immunotherapy.
[Unmarried women of the war generation: an explorative study of their goals in life and personal satisfaction]. (1997)

Older never-married women are often confronted with negative stereotypes which find expression in terms like "spinster" or "old maid". Their life-situation, however, has rarely been a subject of empirical studies. In a research project at the University of Münster, started in 1985, some psychological and social aspects of the life-situation of never-married employed women born between 1919 and 1933 (in comparison to married women of the same age not employed) were studied by means of detailed interviews. Parts of the results concerning "life goals" and "life satisfaction" are described. The results relativize the negative stereotypes mentioned above. They indicate that in the retrospective view of their lives the never-married women had many life goals which they could not achieve, but that they do not regret this at present. They rate their life satisfaction as very high and actively pursue present goals and interests. There are only few differences between never-married and married women. The results are discussed with regard to cognitive theories of aging and to the specific historical background of the interviewees.
Numerical study of the aerodynamics of sound sources in a bass-reflex port (2017)

The aim of this paper is to study the aerodynamics phenomena of a bass-reflex port that causes noise in the audible frequency range. After discarding structural and mechanical vibration issues, the hypothesis considered is that vortex shedding is the source of the noise. Experimental and numerical evidences of the vortex, an analysis of its noise and the similarities between real and simulated performance are presented. The numerically simulated cases with the original geometry are excited at different frequencies and with modifications of the port geometry. Likewise, the internal performance of an enclosure with a closed port was simulated. The simulations have been performed with axisymmetrical geometries using the open-source OpenFOAM® toolbox. Moreover, experimental measurements were carried out. First, acoustic signal experiments were done to analyse the response of the bass-reflex ports. Secondly, a structure vibration measurement was conducted in order to exclude the cabinet structure vibration as a source of the noise in question. A good agreement was found between numerical and experimental results, especially in the frequency band of the detected noise, i.e. the 1000–1500 Hz range. Despite no remarkable improvement being made with the geometry changes explored, the presented CFD approach has proved a useful and cost-effective tool to address this kind of phenomenon.
Excellent resistive memory characteristics and switching mechanism using a Ti nanolayer at the Cu/TaOx interface (2012)

Excellent resistive switching memory characteristics were demonstrated for an Al/Cu/Ti/TaOx/W structure with a Ti nanolayer at the Cu/TaOx interface under low voltage operation of ± 1.5 V and a range of current compliances (CCs) from 0.1 to 500 μA. Oxygen accumulation at the Ti nanolayer and formation of a defective high-κ TaOx film were confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy. The resistive switching memory characteristics of the Al/Cu/Ti/TaOx/W structure, such as HRS/LRS (approximately 104), stable switching cycle stability (>106) and multi-level operation, were improved compared with those of Al/Cu/TaOx/W devices. These results were attributed to the control of Cu migration/dissolution by the insertion of a Ti nanolayer at the Cu/TaOx interface. In contrast, CuOx formation at the Cu/TaOx interface was observed in an Al/Cu/TaOx/W structure, which hindered dissolution of the Cu filament and resulted in a small resistance ratio of approximately 10 at a CC of 500 μA. A high charge-trapping density of 6.9 × 1016 /cm2 was observed in the Al/Cu/Ti/TaOx/W structure from capacitance-voltage hysteresis characteristics, indicating the migration of Cu ions through defect sites. The switching mechanism was successfully explained for structures with and without the Ti nanolayer. By using a new approach, the nanoscale diameter of Cu filament decreased from 10.4 to 0.17 nm as the CC decreased from 500 to 0.1 μA, resulting in a large memory size of 7.6 T to 28 Pbit/sq in. Extrapolated 10-year data retention of the Ti nanolayer device was also obtained. The findings of this study will not only improve resistive switching memory performance but also aid future design of nanoscale nonvolatile memory.
Calcium antagonists decrease plasma and tissue concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-1 alpha in a mouse model of endotoxin. (1995)

Calcium plays an important role in the toxic effects of endotoxin, and calcium antagonists also have been shown to improve survival in animals challenged with endotoxin. Calcium may be involved in regulating cytokine production. Therefore, the protective effect of calcium-antagonists in endotoxin may be due to decreased cytokine formation and/or systemic release. In a mouse model of endotoxin, dantrolene (10 mg/kg) and azumolene (20 mg/kg), drugs that decrease calcium release from intracellular stores, or diltiazem (20 mg/kg), a calcium channel blocker, decreased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and IL-1 beta (47.2, 63.2, and 62.4%, respectively, p < .05) when the animals were injected intraperitoneally with endotoxin. Dantrolene and azumolene decreased IL-1 alpha by 56.6 and 65.4%, respectively, (p < .05) and IL-1 beta by 51.7 and 69.7%, respectively (p < .05). Diltiazem had no effect on IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta. Dantrolene decreased TNF-alpha in lung (26.1%), liver (29.4%), and spleen (35.4%) (p < .05) and IL-1 alpha in lung (30.0%) and liver (25.4%) (p < .05). The present findings indicate that calcium-antagonists may be efficacious in treating cytokine mediated inflammatory disorders.
Amyloid-β oligomers link depressive-like behavior and cognitive deficits in mice (2012)

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and considerable evidence indicates that major depressive disorder increases the risk of AD. [1][2][3] To date, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical association between depression and AD have remained elusive.Soluble oligomers of the amyloid-b peptide (AbOs) accumulate in the brains of AD patients and are increasingly recognized as the proximal neurotoxins responsible for synapse failure and memory deficits in AD. 4,5 We have hypothesized that AbOs might be mechanistically linked to behavioral changes in AD.In order to test this hypothesis, mice were given a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 10 pmol AbOs and were subsequently evaluated in the Porsolt forced swim test (FST) for assessment of depressivelike behavior.Compared with vehicle-injected control mice, AbO-injected mice exhibited a significant increase in immobility in the FST, both 24 h and 8 days after AbO injections (Figure 1a).
Utilizing Waveform Features for Adaptive Beamforming and Direction Finding with Narrowband Signals (1998)

■ Extensive research has been done on the use of antenna arrays for direction finding and beamforming; this research focuses on the detailed behavior of specific techniques rather than on actual signal processing applications. In most applications, there is a fundamental signal feature that provides essential leverage for an effective processing approach. This article, which is structured around such features, presents a comprehensive framework for selecting an appropriate adaptive approach for processing cochannel narrowband signals. We address the roles of antenna calibration and prior waveform knowledge, and give examples of effective, practical direction-finding and beamforming procedures that cover a wide range of potential applications.
Epitope Classification and RBD Binding Properties of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SAR-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) that is responsible for short and long-term disease, as well as death, in susceptible hosts. The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein binds to cell surface angiotensin converting enzyme type-II (ACE2) to initiate viral attachment and ultimately viral pathogenesis. The SARS-CoV-2 S RBD is a major target of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that block RBD - ACE2 interactions. In this report, NAb-RBD binding epitopes in the protein databank were classified as C1, C1D, C2, C3, or C4, using a RBD binding profile (BP), based on NAb-specific RBD buried surface area and used to predict the binding epitopes of a series of uncharacterized NAbs. Naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 RBD sequence variation was also quantified to predict NAb binding sensitivities to the RBD-variants. NAb and ACE2 binding studies confirmed the NAb classifications and determined whether the RBD variants enhanced ACE2 binding to promote viral infectivity, and/or disrupted NAb binding to evade the host immune response. Of 9 single RBD mutants evaluated, K417T, E484K, and N501Y disrupted binding of 65% of the NAbs evaluated, consistent with the assignment of the SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Japan/Brazil strain as a variant of concern (VoC). RBD variants E484K and N501Y exhibited ACE2 binding equivalent to a Wuhan-1 reference SARS-CoV-2 RBD. While slightly less disruptive to NAb binding, L452R enhanced ACE2 binding affinity. Thus, the L452R mutant, associated with the SARS-CoV-2 California VoC (B.1.427/B.1.429-California), has evolved to enhance ACE2 binding, while simultaneously disrupting C1 and C2 NAb classes. The analysis also identified a non-overlapping antibody pair (1213H7 and 1215D1) that bound to all SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants evaluated, representing an excellent therapeutic option for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 WT and VoC strains.
Implementing java compilers using ReRAGs (2004)

Rewritable Reference Attributed Grammars (ReRAGs) is a recently developed compiler-compiler technology based on object-orientation, aspect-orientation, reference attributed grammars, and conditional rewrites. In this paper we describe our experiences from using ReRAGs for implementing Java compilers. We illustrate how the usage of ReRAGs renders a rather compact, yet easy-to-understand and modular compiler specification where code analysis, restructurings, and optimizations can be conveniently described as aspects performing computations and transformations on the abstract syntax tree. Currently, we have implemented two compilers: one that generates C code with real-time support, and one that generates Java bytecode. Both share the same front end.
Solute-solvent interactions in liquid alkylammonium 4-toluenesulfonate salts studied by gas chromatography (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolute-solvent interactions in liquid alkylammonium 4-toluenesulfonate salts studied by gas chromatographyKenneth G. Furton and Colin F. PooleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 8, 1170–1176Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00135a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00135a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Designer gene networks: Towards fundamental cellular control (2001)

The engineered control of cellular function through the design of synthetic genetic networks is becoming plausible. Here we show how a naturally occurring network can be used as a parts list for artificial network design, and how model formulation leads to computational and analytical approaches relevant to nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics. We first review the relevant work on synthetic gene networks, highlighting the important experimental findings with regard to genetic switches and oscillators. We then present the derivation of a deterministic model describing the temporal evolution of the concentration of protein in a single-gene network. Bistability in the steady-state protein concentration arises naturally as a consequence of autoregulatory feedback, and we focus on the hysteretic properties of the protein concentration as a function of the degradation rate. We then formulate the effect of an external noise source which interacts with the protein degradation rate. We demonstrate the utility of such a formulation by constructing a protein switch, whereby external noise pulses are used to switch the protein concentration between two values. Following the lead of earlier work, we show how the addition of a second network component can be used to construct a relaxation oscillator, whereby the system is driven around the hysteresis loop. We highlight the frequency dependence on the tunable parameter values, and discuss design plausibility. We emphasize how the model equations can be used to develop design criteria for robust oscillations, and illustrate this point with parameter plots illuminating the oscillatory regions for given parameter values. We then turn to the utilization of an intrinsic cellular process as a means of controlling the oscillations. We consider a network design which exhibits self-sustained oscillations, and discuss the driving of the oscillator in the context of synchronization. Then, as a second design, we consider a synthetic network with parameter values near, but outside, the oscillatory boundary. In this case, we show how resonance can lead to the induction of oscillations and amplification of a cellular signal. Finally, we construct a toggle switch from positive regulatory elements, and compare the switching properties for this network with those of a network constructed using negative regulation. Our results demonstrate the utility of model analysis in the construction of synthetic gene regulatory networks. (c) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Testing of High-Performance Concrete as a Thermal Energy Storage Medium at High Temperatures (2013)

Concrete is tested as a sensible heat thermal energy storage (TES) material in the temperature range of 400–500 °C (752–932 °F). A molten nitrate salt is used as the heat transfer fluid (HTF); the HTF is circulated though stainless steel heat exchangers, imbedded in concrete test prisms, to charge the TES system. During charging, significant cracking occurs in both the radial and longitudinal directions in the concrete prisms. The cracking is due to hoop stress induced by the dissimilar thermal strain rates of concrete and stainless steel. A 2D finite element model (FEM) is developed and used to study the stress at the prism/exchanger interface. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a heat-curing, fibered paste (HCFP) are tested as interface materials to mitigate the stress in the concrete. Significant reduction in the size and number of cracks is observed after incorporating interface materials. A heat exchanger with a helical fin configuration is incorporated to improve the heat transfer rate in the concrete. Testing confirms that the fins increase the rate of heat transfer in the concrete; however, large cracks form at each of the fin locations. Only the HCFP is tested as an interface material for the finned heat exchanger. The HCFP decreases the number and size of the cracks, however, not to the desired hairline levels.
Calculation of unsteady wake/rotor interaction (1988)

This paper presents a numerical analysis of wake/rotor interaction using a time-marching solution of the unsteady, nonlinear Euler equations. The incoming wakes are specified through the unsteady inflow boundary conditions. The lagged periodic boundary condition that arises due to unequal rotor/stator pitches is handled by a new technique that inclines the computational plane in time. Comparison of results for a flat-plate cascade with results using a linear analytic theory demonstrates the method's capability to accurately predict unsteady forces, moments, and radiated sound. Results are also presented for a low-speed turbine.
Enhanced Hot-Carrier Effects in InAlAs/InGaAs Quantum Wells (2014)

Hot-carrier solar cells require absorber materials with restricted carrier thermalization pathways, in order to slow the rate of heat energy dissipation from the carrier population to the lattice, relative to the rate of carrier extraction. Absorber suitability can be characterized in terms of carrier thermalization coefficient (Q). Materials with lower Q generate steady-state hot-carrier populations at lower levels of incident solar power and, therefore, are better able to perform as hot-carrier absorbers. In this study, we evaluate Q = 2.5±0.2 W·K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> · cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> for a In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.52</sub> AlAs/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> GaAs single-quantum-well(QW) heterostructure using photoluminescence spectroscopy. This is the lowest experimentally determined Q value for any material system studied to date. Hot-carrier solar cell simulations, using this material as an absorber yield efficiency ~39% at 2000X, which corresponds to a >5% enhancement over an equivalent single-junction thermal equilibrium device.
Matching Real Fabrics with Micro-Appearance Models (2015)

Micro-appearance models explicitly model the interaction of light with microgeometry at the fiber scale to produce realistic appearance. To effectively match them to real fabrics, we introduce a new appearance matching framework to determine their parameters. Given a micro-appearance model and photographs of the fabric under many different lighting conditions, we optimize for parameters that best match the photographs using a method based on calculating derivatives during rendering. This highly applicable framework, we believe, is a useful research tool because it simplifies development and testing of new models. Using the framework, we systematically compare several types of micro-appearance models. We acquired computed microtomography (micro CT) scans of several fabrics, photographed the fabrics under many viewing/illumination conditions, and matched several appearance models to this data. We compare a new fiber-based light scattering model to the previously used microflake model. We also compare representing cloth microgeometry using volumes derived directly from the micro CT data to using explicit fibers reconstructed from the volumes. From our comparisons, we make the following conclusions: (1) given a fiber-based scattering model, volume- and fiber-based microgeometry representations are capable of very similar quality, and (2) using a fiber-specific scattering model is crucial to good results as it achieves considerably higher accuracy than prior work.
Reactive intermediates. Part XVIII. An N-aminopyridone-to-pyridazine rearrangement; a new decarbonylation reaction (1972)

Oxidation of 1-amino-3,4,5,6-tetraphenyl-2-pyridone with lead tetra-acetate results in loss of carbon monoxide and retention of nitrogen to give 3,4,5,6-tetraphenylpyridazine. This rearrangement is thought to involve ring expansion of the N-nitrene to a diazepinone and valence tautomerism of this to give a bicyclic intermediate which extrudes carbon monoxide. This reaction can be suppressed by competitive intermolecular reaction of the nitrene with sulphoxides or with cyclohexene. This pyridone-to-pyridazine rearrangement is observed to a much smaller extent with di- and tri-phenyl-1-amino-2-pyridones, and not at all with 1-amino-2,3-diphenylquinolin-4-one or 5-aminophenanthridin-6-one.
Self-Inhibitor of Bean Rust Uredospores: Methyl 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamate (1970)

Two germination inhibitors from bean rust uredospores were identified as the cis and trans isomers of methyl 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate. They appear to be the "self-inhibitors" previously described from these spores.