gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The isolation and characterization of a specific antibody population directed against the thrombin antithrombin complex. (1980)

We have raised antisera against human thrombin.antithrombin complex in rabbits as well as in goats and have chromatographed the respective y-immunoglobulin fractions on thrombin-antithrombin-Sepharose as well as on antithrombin-Sepharose.The specific antibody population obtained was utilized to construct a double antibody radioimmunoassay capable of measuring as little as 30 ng/ml of this component.The immunoreactivities of the major related plasma components, prothrombin and antithrombin, were, respectively, -13,000-fold and -100,000-fold less than that of the thrombin-antithrombin complex on a molar basis.Reactivities of prothrombin activation intermediates as well as thrombin which are present in only trace amounts within the blood were also minimal.With the exception of Factor Xa 9 antithrombin, other hemostatic enzymeginhibitor complexes exhibited either no, or barely detectable levels of immunoreactivity.The Factor Xa-antithrombin interaction product was -320 times less reactive than the thrombin.antithrombin complex on a molar basis.The radioimmunoassay was employed to assess the importance of antithrombin as a plasma thrombin inhibitor under conditions approaching the in vivo situation.The results demonstrated that this component is responsible for the neutralization of virtually all of the added thrombin.However, the rate of this interaction within plasma is -21/2-fold less than that predicted from purified systems.The generation of thrombin represents a pivotal event in the coagulation of blood.Once formed, this serine protease may act upon its multiple protein substrates such as Factor V, Factor VIII, Factor XIII, and fibrinogen, or upon critical cellular elements such as platelets or endothelial cells (1-5).Alternately, the enzyme can be neutralized by naturally occurring protease inhibitors.The latter process has been examined in considerable detail by a variety of laboratories (6- 8).Most investigators have concluded that the plasma protein, antithrombin, is the major antagonist of thrombin action (6, 9, 10).However, other groups have suggested that various additional plasma proteins may play a primary role in the
Nanohybrid Shish‐Kebabs: Periodically Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-seeded controlled polymer crystallization provides a simple yet effective means to periodically modify CNT surfaces. Both single- and multiwalled CNTs have been successfully decorated with polyethylene and nylon-6,6 (see Figure and cover), implying that it might be a generic method for CNT functionalization. By coupling crystalline polymers with functional groups, ordered multifunctionality could be realized on individual CNTs.
Nanoscale Control of Optical Heating in Complex Plasmonic Systems (2010)

We introduce a numerical technique to investigate the temperature distribution in arbitrarily complex plasmonic systems subject to external illumination. We perform both electromagnetic and thermodynamic calculations based upon a time-efficient boundary element method. Two kinds of plasmonic systems are investigated in order to illustrate the potential of such a technique. First, we focus on individual particles with various morphologies. In analogy with electrostatics, we introduce the concept of thermal capacitance. This geometry-dependent quantity allows us to assess the temperature increase inside a plasmonic particle from the sole knowledge of its absorption cross section. We present universal thermal-capacitance curves for ellipsoids, rods, disks, and rings. Additionally, we investigate assemblies of nanoparticles in close proximity and show that, despite its diffusive nature, the temperature distribution can be made highly non-uniform even at the nanoscale using plasmonic systems. A significant degree of nanoscale control over the individual temperatures of neighboring particles is demonstrated, depending on the external light wavelength and direction of incidence. We illustrate this concept with simulations of gold sphere dimers and chains in water. Our work opens new possibilities for selectively controlling processes such as local melting for dynamic patterning of textured materials, chemical and metabolic thermal activation, and heat delivery for producing mechanical motion with spatial precision in the nanoscale.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular  -glucosidase from the thermophilic fungus Sporotrichum thermophile and its influence on cellulase activity (1993)

Multiple forms of β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) of Sporotrichum thermophile were produced when the fungus was grown in a cellulose medium. One β-glucosidase was purified 16fold from 6-d-old culture filtrates by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme was free of cellulase activity. It hydrolysed aryl β-d-glucosides and β-d-linked diglucosides. It was optimally active at pH 5·4, at 65 °C. The apparent K m values for p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucoside (PNPG) and cellobiose were 0·29 and 0·83 mm, respectively. Glucose, fucose, nojirimycin and gluconolactone inhibited β-glucosidase competitively. At high (> 1 mm) substrate concentration, β-glucosidase catalysed a parallel transglycosylation reaction. The transglycosylation product formed from cellobiose appeared to be a β-linked tetramer of glucose. Admixtures of β-glucosidase and cellulase components showed that the concept of cellobiose inhibition of cellulases was not valid for all components of the cellulase system of S. thermophile. β-Glucosidase supplementation also stimulated cellulose hydrolysis by cellulases when there was no accumulation of cellobiose in reaction mixture.
Reinforcement of Elastomers by Reactive Ionic Surfactant Filler (2018)

Elastomers without reinforcement are too weak and soft to meet the requirements of practical applications.To achieve the necessary strength and stiffness, particulate fillers are used to reinforce thermoset rubber.For thermoplastic elastomers, microphase-separated hard domains play the role of stiffening and strengthening the elastomer.Our group recently reported reactive supramolecular fillers based on -
Multiported Pulsed Valve Interface for a Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer to Enable Rapid Screening of Multiple Functional-Group Selective Ion–Molecule Reactions (2014)

Ion-molecule reactions provide a powerful tool for structural elucidation of ionized pharmaceutical analytes in tandem mass spectrometry. However, all previous interfaces for the introduction of reagents for ion-molecule reactions have utilized a single reagent approach. In this study, a multiported pulsed valve system was designed and characterized for rapid introduction of three neutral reagents into a linear quadrupole ion trap. Additionally, automatic triggering was used to allow for the introduction of the reagents on a chromatographic time scale. This system enables automatic, high throughput screening of complex mixtures by using at least three different ion-molecule reactions. Further, rapid testing of new neutral reagents is also possible.
Crystallization of a ZRANB2–RNA complex (2008)

ZRANB2 is a zinc-finger protein that has been shown to influence alternative splice-site selection. The protein comprises a C-terminal arginine/serine-rich domain that interacts with spliceosomal proteins and two N-terminal RanBP2-type zinc fingers that have been implicated in RNA recognition. The second zinc finger bound to a six-nucleotide single-stranded RNA target sequence crystallized in the hexagonal space group P6(5)22 or P6(1)22, with unit-cell parameters a = 54.52, b = 54.52, c = 48.07 A; the crystal contains one monomeric complex per asymmetric unit. This crystal form has a solvent content of 39% and diffracted to 1.4 A resolution using synchrotron radiation.
PCB-95 Modulates the Calcium-Dependent Signaling Pathway Responsible for Activity-Dependent Dendritic Growth (2012)

RyR activity contributes to dynamic remodeling of dendritic architecture in response to NDL PCBs via CaMKI-CREB-Wnt2 signaling in rats. Our findings identify PCBs as candidate environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in children with heritable deficits in calcium signaling associated with autism.
Income and living arrangements among poor aged singles. (1981)

It is generally agreed that income plays an important part in determining the living arrangements of unmarried old persons. Numerous studies of later life have concluded that large numbers of old persons live with their friends, adult children, and other relatives simply because they cannot afford to maintain separate homes of their own. The literature contains few references, however, to the effect of income change on the living arrangements of persons after they have become old and poor. This article focuses on the correlates of living arrangements among unmarried older welfare recipients in 1973, and then examines the effect of income change on living arrangements in 1974. Logit analysis identifies several patterns of household change associated with income increase and decrease but, overall, the capacity to care for oneself was the best predictor of living arrangement in 1974.
Identification of hsa-miR-335 as a Prognostic Signature in Gastric Cancer (2012)

Our results indicate that the hsa-miR-335 has the potential to recognize the recurrence risk and relate to the prognosis of GC patients.
Enhancing the Stiffness of Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with a Controlled Surface Coating and Mineralization (2011)

A new method was developed to coat hydroxyapatite (HAp) onto electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers for tendon-to-bone insertion site repair applications. Prior to mineralization, chitosan and heparin were covalently immobilized onto the surface of the fibers to accelerate the nucleation of bone-like HAp crystals. Uniform coatings of HAp were obtained by immersing the nanofiber scaffolds into a modified, 10-fold-concentrated simulated body fluid (m10SBF) for different periods of time. The new method resulted in thicker and denser coatings of mineral on the fibers compared to those produced by previously reported methods. Scanning electron microscopy measurements confirmed the formation of nanoscale HAp particles on the fibers. A mechanical property assessment demonstrated a higher stiffness with respect to previous coating methods. A combination of the nanoscale fibrous structure and bonelike mineral coating could mimic the structure, composition, and function of mineralized tissues.
Ternary Hybrid Material for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Battery (2015)

The rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery is a promising option for energy storage applications because of its low cost and high energy density. The electrochemical performance of the sulfur cathode, however, is substantially compromised because of fast capacity decay caused by polysulfide dissolution/shuttling and low specific capacity caused by the poor electrical conductivities of the active materials. Herein we demonstrate a novel strategy to address these two problems by designing and synthesizing a carbon nanotube (CNT)/NiFe2O4-S ternary hybrid material structure. In this unique material architecture, each component synergistically serves a specific purpose: The porous CNT network provides fast electron conduction paths and structural stability. The NiFe2O4 nanosheets afford strong binding sites for trapping polysulfide intermediates. The fine S nanoparticles well-distributed on the CNT/NiFe2O4 scaffold facilitate fast Li(+) storage and release for energy delivery. The hybrid material exhibits balanced high performance with respect to specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability with outstandingly high Coulombic efficiency. Reversible specific capacities of 1350 and 900 mAh g(-1) are achieved at rates of 0.1 and 1 C respectively, together with an unprecedented cycling stability of ∼0.009% capacity decay per cycle over more than 500 cycles.
Comparison of Full-Field Digital Mammography with Screen-Film Mammography for Cancer Detection: Results of 4,945 Paired Examinations (2001)

No difference in cancer detection rate has yet been observed between FFDM and SFM. FFDM has so far led to fewer recalls than SFM.
An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of Alkyl Halide Derivatives of Saccharin (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Procedure for the Preparation of Alkyl Halide Derivatives of SaccharinHarold L. Rice and George R. PettitCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 302–303Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a099RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (290 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Sources and levels of background noise in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel (1988)

Background noise levels are measured in the NASA Ames Research Center 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel following installation of a sound-absorbent lining on the test-section walls. Results show that the fan-drive noise dominated the empty test-section background noise at airspeeds below 120 knots. Above 120 knots, the test-section broadband background noise was dominated by wind-induced dipole noise (except at lower harmonics of fan blade-passage tones) most likely generated at the microphone or microphone support strut. Third-octave band and narrow-band spectra are presented for several fan operating conditions and test-section airspeeds. The background noise levels can be reduced by making improvements to the microphone wind screen or support strut. Empirical equations are presented relating variations of fan noise with fan speed or blade-pitch angle. An empirical expression for typical fan noise spectra is also presented. Fan motor electric power consumption is related to the noise generation. Preliminary measurements of sound absorption by the test-section lining indicate that the 152 mm thick lining will adequately absorb test-section model noise at frequencies above 300 Hz.
American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines (2013)

Findings from the National Cancer Institute's National Lung Screening Trial established that lung cancer mortality in specific high-risk groups can be reduced by annual screening with low-dose computed tomography. These findings indicate that the adoption of lung cancer screening could save many lives. Based on the results of the National Lung Screening Trial, the American Cancer Society is issuing an initial guideline for lung cancer screening. This guideline recommends that clinicians with access to high-volume, high-quality lung cancer screening and treatment centers should initiate a discussion about screening with apparently healthy patients aged 55 years to 74 years who have at least a 30-pack-year smoking history and who currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. A process of informed and shared decision-making with a clinician related to the potential benefits, limitations, and harms associated with screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography should occur before any decision is made to initiate lung cancer screening. Smoking cessation counseling remains a high priority for clinical attention in discussions with current smokers, who should be informed of their continuing risk of lung cancer. Screening should not be viewed as an alternative to smoking cessation.
Regulation of gene expression in adult rat hepatocytes cultured on a basement membrane matrix (1988)

Freshly isolated adult rat hepatocytes, when cultured on type I collagen (commercially available as Vitrogen), assume a polygonal shape, form a stable monolayer within 24 hours, but lose the capacity to express some liver-specific functions over time in culture. We incubated hepatocytes in a serum-free medium on a reconstituted basement membrane gel, "matrigel" (prepared from an extract of extracellular matrix of the murine Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma), and observed that the cells adhered firmly, remained rounded as single cells or clusters, and maintained liver-specific gene expression for more than 1 week in vitro. Hepatocytes on matrigel secreted substantially higher amounts of albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin, Northern blot analyses of extracted cellular RNA, expressed increased amounts of mRNA for the liver-specific protein albumin (as compared with cells on vitrogen). In cultures treated with phenobarbital, cytochrome P-450b, and cytochrome P-450e, mRNAs and proteins were barely detectable in cells on Vitrogen but were induced to levels similar to those in the liver in vivo in matrigel cultures. Likewise, the use of matrigel greatly enhanced the induction of mRNA and protein for P-450c by 3-methylcholanthrene and for P-450p by steroidal and nonsteroidal inducers. However, neither substratum permitted induction of P-450d by 3-methylcholanthrene, suggesting that the effects of matrigel are selective even for expression in liver of members of the superfamily of cytochrome P-450 genes. Within 5 days in cultures on Vitrogen, hepatocytes expressed detectable amounts of fetal liver aldolase activity and also mRNA for vimentin and type I collagen, each considered a phenotypic change reflecting hepatocyte "dedifferentiation." None of these was present in cells on matrigel. Responsiveness to mitogenic stimuli, as judged by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA, was also decreased in hepatocytes cultured on matrigel. Finally, there was a remarkable increase in the levels of both matrices during the first 2 days in culture. However, the continuously cytoskeleton mRNA over time in culture than did the rounded cells on matrigel. We conclude that hepatocytes cultured on matrigel, as opposed to the standard collagen, exhibit remarkably enhanced expression of many liver-specific functions.
Residential Energy Management: A Machine Learning Perspective (2020)

In smart grids, residential energy management is a vital part of demand-side management. It plays a pivotal role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of the power system. However, challenges such as variability of consumption profiles require machine learning to understand and forecast residential demands. Moreover, machine learning based intelligent load management is required for effective implementation of demand response programs. In this article, applications of machine learning algorithms in residential demand forecasting, load profiling, consumer characterization, and load management are comprehensively discussed. The article also examines the characteristics and availability of relevant databases, and explores research challenges and possibilities.
Improved iterative parallel interference cancellation for coded CDMA systems (2002)

A novel method for interference estimation in the iterative parallel interference canceller is presented. The standard log-likelihood ratio algorithm suffers from a bias problem that limits the system capacity. We propose an improved iterative parallel interference canceller which is able to overcome this problem. In a highly loaded system the correlation between the the decoder inputs in successive iterations is low enough so that a simple combining of the decoder inputs, as if they were independent, yields a high capacity increase.
Manganese(II) Silylamides (1979)

Abstract Mn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 (THF) ( I ) (Me = methyl, THF = tetrahydrofuran) was obtained on large scale from “active” MnCl 2 and LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 in THE in 85–93% yield. The novel, theoretically interesting tetra‐coordinated Mn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 L 2 series was derived from I , where L = THF, pyridine and t‐butyleyanide. All these species are quite stable thermally and exhibit exteme oxygen sensitivity. Preparation, properties, and reactions of unsymmetrically substituted (“hemi”) XMnY type compounds are presented also, where X = Cl, NO 3 and n = butyl, and Y = N(SiMe 3 ) 2 and OR. From ClMnN(SiMe 3 ) 2 , with or without coordinated THF being present, the unusual (Mn{SiMe 3 ) 2 , was isolated as yellow crystals. The “hemi” Mn(II)‐system exhibits only moderate thermal stability and tends to disproportionate. Many derivatives are photosensitive, especially with UV light.
Albumin inhibits human polymorphonuclear leucocyte luminol-dependent chemiluminescence: evidence for oxygen radical scavenging. (1984)

Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of normal human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) which were resting, or stimulated by unopsonized latex beads, opsonized zymosan or the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-met-leu-phe was decreased more than 80% in the presence of physiological concentrations of albumin (4%, w/v). This inhibition did not result from impairment of light transmission, cellular toxicity, luminol excited-state quenching or a dialysable contaminant in the albumin preparation, but was reduced by 30% when the fall induced by albumin in extracellular free Ca2+ concentration was corrected. The inhibition was most apparent in the larger second phase of the PMN chemiluminescent response to chemotactic peptide or opsonized zymosan stimulation. The smaller first phase of these responses was in fact enhanced by low concentrations of albumin (0.05-0.5%, w/v) and only inhibited up to 50% by 4% (w/v) albumin. Albumin in the range 0.1-4% (w/v) exerted a similar effect on chemiluminescence resulting from superoxide anion (O-2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by xanthine oxidase catalysed oxidation of xanthine in the presence of luminol. We suggest that the effect of albumin on PMN luminol-dependent chemiluminescence is mediated by modification of the oxygen radical generating pathway, or oxygen radical scavenging. This previously undocumented property of the major extracellular protein requires further examination if oxygen radicals are to be established as important mediators of inflammation.
Clinical Benefit of Idiotype Vaccines: Too Many Trials for a Clever Demonstration? (2006)

The most accepted and least biased manner to demonstrate clinical benefit for any new treatment is to show that it conveys a survival advantage in a well-designed phase III, randomized clinical trial. However, in selected cases, an exception can be made to this sound rule. This review aims at elucidating one such example. In particular, I intend to show that when an individualized form of immunotherapy like idiotypic vaccination, which by definition is completely inactive against any tumor cells, is applied to cancer patients with indolent follicular lymphoma, a carefully crafted phase II clinical trial may be able to demonstrate clinical benefit better and more rapidly than a phase III alternative. This consideration might be rather important over the next two to three years, since the results of as many as three ongoing phase III clinical trials on idiotype vaccines are expected to be unveiled within this time frame, following the release of conclusive data of our phase II clinical trial, which is imminent.