gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Hydrides with (BH<sub>4</sub>)<sup>−</sup> and (NH<sub>2</sub>)<sup>−</sup> Anions as New Lithium Fast-Ion Conductors (2009)

Some of the authors have reported that a complex hydride, Li(BH(4)), with the (BH(4))(-) anion exhibits lithium fast-ion conduction (more than 1 x 10(-3) S/cm) accompanied by the structural transition at approximately 390 K for the first time in 30 years since the conduction in Li(2)(NH) was reported in 1979. Here we report another conceptual study and remarkable results of Li(2)(BH(4))(NH(2)) and Li(4)(BH(4))(NH(2))(3) combined with the (BH(4))(-) and (NH(2))(-) anions showing ion conductivities 4 orders of magnitude higher than that for Li(BH(4)) at RT, due to being provided with new occupation sites for Li(+) ions. Both Li(2)(BH(4))(NH(2)) and Li(4)(BH(4))(NH(2))(3) exhibit a lithium fast-ion conductivity of 2 x 10(-4) S/cm at RT, and the activation energy for conduction in Li(4)(BH(4))(NH(2))(3) is evaluated to be 0.26 eV, less than half those in Li(2)(BH(4))(NH(2)) and Li(BH(4)). This study not only demonstrates an important direction in which to search for higher ion conductivity in complex hydrides but also greatly increases the material variations of solid electrolytes.
A natural language interface for expert system help desks (2002)

The author addresses how a natural language interface might be written entirely within IBM's Expert System Environment Shell (ESE). The interface is designed around the help desk application, a diagnostic knowledge base. The implementation uses techniques called FASTPATH, INHERIT, and CHGPATH.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The present and future disease burden of hepatitis <scp>C</scp> virus (<scp>HCV</scp>) infections with today's treatment paradigm – volume 2 (2015)

Morbidity and mortality attributable to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are increasing in many countries as the infected population ages. Models were developed for 15 countries to quantify and characterize the viremic population, as well as estimate the number of new infections and HCV related deaths from 2013 to 2030. Expert consensus was used to determine current treatment levels and outcomes in each country. In most countries, viremic prevalence has already peaked. In every country studied, prevalence begins to decline before 2030, when current treatment levels were held constant. In contrast, cases of advanced liver disease and liver related deaths will continue to increase through 2030 in most countries. The current treatment paradigm is inadequate if large reductions in HCV related morbidity and mortality are to be achieved.
Design and analysis of a regulated peak-power tracking system (1999)

A regulated peak-power tracking (RPPT) system for space power application is proposed. Large-signal stability analysis is provided to understand the main four different modes of operations of the system, as well as the mode transitions. A simple and effective control scheme for the system is also proposed. Small-signal analysis is performed thereafter to provide design optimization, and the predictions are verified by computer simulations.
A new method for coupling aromatic aldehydes and ketones to produce .alpha.-glycols using zinc-zinc dichloride in aqueous solution and in the solid state (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new method for coupling aromatic aldehydes and ketones to produce .alpha.-glycols using zinc-zinc dichloride in aqueous solution and in the solid stateKoichi Tanaka, Satoshi Kishigami, and Fumio TodaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2981–2983Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00296a084https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1260Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal Structures of Phosphodiesterases and Implications on Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Selectivity (2007)

Crystal structures of seven phosphodiesterase families (PDE1-5, 7, 9) show a conserved core catalytic domain that contains about 300 amino acids and fourteen alpha-helices. The catalytic domains of the PDE families 1-4, 7, and 9 have a uniform conformation. However, the H-loop at the active site of PDE5 shows four different conformations upon binding of inhibitors, probably implying a special mechanism for recognition of substrates and inhibitors by PDE5. The active site of all PDE families contains two divalent metal ions: zinc and probably magnesium. The PDE4-AMP and PDE5-GMP structures reveal the conserved interactions of the phosphate groups of the products AMP and GMP, and thus suggest a universal mechanism of nucleophilic attack for all PDE families. The substrate specificity has not been well understood. This review will comment on the early proposal, "glutamine switch", on basis of the recent biochemical and structural information. The PDE-inhibitor structures have identified a common subpocket for non-selective binding of all inhibitors and potential elements for recognition of family-selective inhibitors. The kinetic analysis on the mutations of PDE7 to PDE4 suggests that the multiple elements must work together to define inhibitor selectivity.
Edge detection using the local fractal dimension (2002)

Fractal Brownian noise is used as a model describing the local grey level change in digital images. At edges this model does not truly reflect the reality, because edges add a deterministic component to the image which is not compatible with the notion of scale-independent self-similarity of fractal structures. Thus, the local degree of 'fractality' is used to differentiate edges from segment interiors and from noise. The concept is evaluated by comparing fractal edge detectors with conventional operators such as, e.g., a Sobel or Laplace operator. Results show a similar performance in a low-noise environment and superiority of the fractal operators in a high noise environment. The inclusion of the operators into an edge-based segmentation scheme revealed the same results for an application in image segmentation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Functional Kinase Homology Domain Is Essential for the Activity of Photoreceptor Guanylate Cyclase 1 (2009)

Phototransduction is carried out by a signaling pathway that links photoactivation of visual pigments in retinal photoreceptor cells to a change in their membrane potential. Upon photoactivation, the second messenger of phototransduction, cyclic GMP, is rapidly degraded and must be replenished during the recovery phase of phototransduction by photoreceptor guanylate cyclases (GCs) GC1 (or GC-E) and GC2 (or GC-F) to maintain vision. Here, we present data that address the role of the GC kinase homology (KH) domain in cyclic GMP production by GC1, the major cyclase in photoreceptors. First, experiments were done to test which GC1 residues undergo phosphorylation and whether such phosphorylation affects cyclase activity. Using mass spectrometry, we showed that GC1 residues Ser-530, Ser-532, Ser-533, and Ser-538, located within the KH domain, undergo light- and signal transduction-independent phosphorylation in vivo. Mutations in the putative Mg(2+) binding site of the KH domain abolished phosphorylation, indicating that GC1 undergoes autophosphorylation. The dramatically reduced GC activity of these mutants suggests that a functional KH domain is essential for cyclic GMP production. However, evidence is presented that autophosphorylation does not regulate GC1 activity, in contrast to phosphorylation of other members of this cyclase family.
VH-related idiotopes detected by site-directed mutagenesis. A study induced by the failure to find CD4 anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking the cellular receptor of HIV (1992)

The function of the CD4 cell surface protein as coreceptor on T helper lymphocytes and as receptor for HIV makes this glycoprotein a prime target for an immune intervention with mAb. A detailed understanding of the structural determinants on the therapeutic CD4 mAb that are involved in Ag binding or are recognized by anti-idiotypic mAb (anti-Id) may be important for designing antibodies with optimal therapeutic efficacy. Seven anti-Id raised against the CD4 mAb M-T310 were selected from a large panel with the intention to obtain CD4 mimicking structures with specificity for HIV gp120. The selected anti-Id did not react with other CD4-specific mAb cross-blocking M-T310. Among these, mAb M-T404, although having the same L chain as M-T310 and a VH region sequence differing only at 14 amino acid positions, was not recognized by the anti-Id. M-T310 H chain complexed with the J558L L chain reacted with all anti-Id, thus demonstrating that the recognized idiotopes are located within the VH region. To identify the idiotopes of M-T310 seen by the anti-Id, variants of M-T404 containing one or more of the M-T310-derived substitutions were generated by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The reactivity pattern of the mutant proteins with the anti-Id demonstrated that the idiotopes reside within the complementarity determining region (CDR) 2 and CDR3 loops of the VH region. A major idiotope was defined by a single amino acid in CDR2 that was recognized by three anti-Id, whereas the four other anti-Id reacted with determinants of CDR3. Although the performed amino acid substitutions did influence the Id recognition, Ag binding was not significantly affected, suggesting that none of the anti-Id can be considered as a mimicry of the CD4 Ag.
Exciton binding energies in carbon nanotubes from two-photon photoluminescence (2005)

Excitonic effects in the linear and nonlinear optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes are manifested by photoluminescence excitation experiments and ab initio calculations. One- and two-photon spectra showed a series of exciton states; their energy splitting is the fingerprint of excitonic interactions in carbon nanotubes. By ab initio calculations we determine the energies, wave functions, and symmetries of the excitonic states. Combining experiment and theory we find binding energies of $0.3--0.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ for nanotubes with diameters between 6.8 and $9.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$.
<title>Design and evaluation of a multiple quantum well SLM-based optical correlator</title> (2000)

A vanderLugt correlator is under construction using two Sanders binary Multiple Quantum Well Spatial Light Modulators. This correlation is part of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command's three-year program to evaluate the latest generation hardware available for image processing. The Sanders modulators offer extremely high frame rates that make them attractive for image processing applications. The limiting factor in this correlator will actually be the output detector rather than the spatial light modulator. The correlator will be evaluated using infrared imagery to determine its performance in a target cueing/target screening applications. The results from these experiments as well as future plans will be presented.
Abstract 2842: CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate breast tumor metastasis (2011)

Abstract Macrophages are abundant in the tumor microenvironment and enhance malignancy through their promotion of angiogenesis and invasion at the primary tumor site as well as extravasation, target organ seeding and persistent growth at distant metastatic sites. To determine the origin and recruitment of tumor associated macrophages, different populations of monocytes were FACS sorted and adoptively transferred into mice bearing MMTV-PyMT induced mouse mammary tumors with or without spontaneous pulmonary metastases. Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes were preferentially recruited to pulmonary metastases but not primary tumors in a CCL2 (also known as MCP1) dependent manner. Human inflammatory monocytes were also preferentially recruited to pulmonary metastases of human breast cancer cells in immuno-compromised mice in a CCL2 dependent manner. These inflammatory monocytes promote tumor cell trans-endothelial migration in vitro, a process that is abrogated by an anti-CCL2 neutralizing antibody. Neutralizing CCL2 in vivo blocks the recruitment of metastasis associated macrophages and their direct interaction with metastasizing tumor cells, leading to inhibition of tumor cell extravasation and metastatic seeding. Inhibition of tumor cell-derived CCL2 inhibits their metastatic seeding. Secretory factors from inflammatory monocytes were identified to mediate their metastasis-promoting function in vitro and in vivo. Both CCL2 expression and macrophage infiltration are correlated with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. Our data strongly suggest that recruitment of Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes is the mechanistic link between these two clinical associations and suggests new therapeutic targets for treating metastatic breast disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2842. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2842
Synthesis of Barium Titanate from Titanyl Acylate Precursor by Sol-precipitate Method (2008)

Nanometersize barium titanates (BaTiO3:BT) powders can be obtained by sol-precipitate method in the presence of polyoxyethyle ne (20) sorbiton monooleate (Tween-80) as a polymeric surface modifier in a strong alkaline solution (pH > 13) . FT-IR, TG/ DTA, SEM and XRD were used to investigate the effects of the surfactant influence on the morphology of the obtained BaTiO3 powders. With adding surfactant, a slower rate of hydroiyzatibn is observed and the rate of condensation is slower. The addition of Tween-80 surfactant in general leads to the formation of smaller particle size of BaTiO 3 (70-100 nm). Without adding surfactant, larger particle size of BaTiO 3 (100-200 nm) was obtained. The nanometersize BaTiO3 powders were readily sintered at 1000-1200°C. Raman-active modes of tetragonal phase BT were detected from Raman spectra of BaTiO3 between 800°C to 1200°C.
R.F. Optical Links (1992)

This paper will discuss r.f. photonic links which may be used to supplement GHz r. f. electrical transmission lines without the characteristic attenuation, induced noise and distortion associated with the long cable lengths. Wavelength division multiplexing capabilities are included in terms of available wavelengths, hardware and spacing. Typical r.f. fiber optic links at 1.6 GHz and 6- 18 GHz will be addressed with respect to architecture, electrical, and optical characteristics. A GPS fiber optic link will be presented.
Upstream regulatory sequences of the yeast RNR2 gene include a repression sequence and an activation site that binds the RAP1 protein. (1989)

The small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (RNR2) was induced 3- to 20-fold by a variety of DNA-damaging agents. Induction of the RNR2 transcript by at least one of these agents, methyl methanesulfonate, did not require protein synthesis. To identify sequences involved in the regulation of RNR2, we introduced deletions upstream of the transcription start site. Sequences required for induction were contained within a 200-base-pair region that could confer methyl methanesulfonate inducibility on the heterologous CYC1 promoter. This region contained a repression sequence and at least two positive activation sites. One of these activation sites bound RAP1, a protein known to associate with mating-type silencers and the upstream activation sequences of a number of genes. The behavior of deletions of the repression sequence suggests that induction of RNR2 may occur, at least in part, through relief of repression.
Correlation of Relative Abundance Ratios Derived from Peptide Ion Chromatograms and Spectrum Counting for Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Using Stable Isotope Labeling (2005)

In this study, S. cerevisiae crude membrane fractions were prepared using the acid-labile detergent RapiGest from cells grown under rich and minimal media conditions using 14N and 15N ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen source. Four independent MudPIT analyses of 1:1 mixtures of sample were prepared and analyzed via quantitative multidimensional protein identification technology on a two-dimensional ion trap mass spectrometer. Using the method described in this study, low-abundance integral membrane proteins with up to 14 transmembrane domains were identified and their protein expression determined when sufficient spectrum counting and ion chromatogram information was generated. We demonstrate that spectrum counting and mass spectrometry derived ion chromatograms strongly correlate for determining quantitative changes in protein expression. Spectrum counting proved more reproducible and has a wider dynamic range contributing to the deviation of the two quantitative approaches from a perfect positive correlation.
让Bob告诉你:怎样面对失败与就业的困扰(英文) (2005)

Hi Bob:I am depressed and lost.I failed my examagain,and this was the third time.I’m ex-tremely disappointed in myself and have lostconfidence in studying English.I doubt my ca-pability.I lost my mind and direction.My Dad told me:Self accusation doesn’tsolve any problems.Failure is not terrible.Ifelt a little better.I know the main reason Ifailed this time is that I didn’t work hard.
Meta-Analysis of Microarray Studies Reveals a Novel Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Signature and Demonstrates Feasibility of Inter-Platform Data Integration (2008)

Microarray-based studies of global gene expression (GE) have resulted in a large amount of data that can be mined for further insights into disease and physiology. Meta-analysis of these data is hampered by technical limitations due to many different platforms, gene annotations and probes used in different studies. We tested the feasibility of conducting a meta-analysis of GE studies to determine a transcriptional signature of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells. Data from studies that used normal bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitors was integrated using both RefSeq and UniGene identifiers. We observed that in spite of variability introduced by experimental conditions and different microarray platforms, our meta-analytical approach can distinguish biologically distinct normal tissues by clustering them based on their cell of origin. When studied in terms of disease states, GE studies of leukemias and myelodysplasia progenitors tend to cluster with normal progenitors and remain distinct from other normal tissues, further validating the discriminatory power of this meta-analysis. Furthermore, analysis of 57 normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell GE samples was used to determine a gene expression signature characteristic of these cells. Genes that were most uniformly expressed in progenitors and at the same time differentially expressed when compared to other normal tissues were found to be involved in important biological processes such as cell cycle regulation and hematopoiesis. Validation studies using a different microarray platform demonstrated the enrichment of several genes such as SMARCE, Septin 6 and others not previously implicated in hematopoiesis. Most interestingly, alpha-integrin, the only common stemness gene discovered in a recent comparative murine analysis (Science 302(5644):393) was also enriched in our dataset, demonstrating the usefulness of this analytical approach.
Webonomics : nove principi essenziali per non fallire nel World Wide Web / Evan I. Schwartz (2001)

Nonostante il terremoto che ha scosso il mondo delle dot.com, il Web continua a rappresentare uno strumento che può accrescere l'efficienza e migliorare la produttività delle imprese. Comprenderne a fondo i principi e le dinamiche è oggi l'unica via per non sprecare costose risorse in investimenti inefficaci o per non compiere l'errore di non investire affatto. In "Webonomics" Evan I. Schwartz delinea i punti cardine per massimilizzare il potenziale del Web, illustrandoli con casi di successi e fallimenti tanto di start-up che di grandi imprese consolidate.
Deposition and surface characterization of high quality single crystal GaN layers (1993)

Recently, using low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition we grew extremely high quality single crystal GaN films over basal plane sapphire substrates. Optimization of the buffer layers and the total film thickness played a key role in determining the electrical, optical, crystalline and surface qualities. In this communication we present the surface characterization results for these high quality GaN layers. Reflection high energy electron diffraction, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and electron energy loss spectroscopy data are presented for clean GaN surfaces. The cleaning procedure was developed using Auger electron spectroscopy analysis. These electron diffraction data indicate the grown surface to be excellent single crystal GaN with a wurtzite structure. To the best of our knowledge ours is the first reported LEED data for single crystal GaN.
Photolysis of Desmosine and Isodesmosine by Ultraviolet Light (1976)

Desmosine and isodesmosine were separated by ion‐exchange and paper chromatography, after acid hydrolysis of purified elastin from beef ligamentum nuchae. The fractions obtained by ion‐exchange chromatography were clearly mixtures of related compounds. The desmosine fraction could be resolved into seven compounds and the isodesmosine into four by paper chromatography. Destnosine was maximally degraded by irradiation at 274 nm and isodesmosine at 285 nm. These wavelengths did not correspond to the absorption maxima of the cross links, but to shoulders of the main absorption peaks. When irradiated at their optimum wavelengths, but at various pH, both desmosine and isodesmosine seemed quite stable at pH greater than 8.5. Between pH 8 and 5, the photolytic rate was maximum and decreased slightly at more acidic pH. Below pH 4.0, one of the products of photolysis was free lysine. In analogy to the mechanism of the photolytic degradation of N‐methyl pyridinium chloride, it appears that the (iso)desmosines were degraded via the formation of an open amino aldehyde, which was hydrolysed at acid pH to give free lysine and a substituted glutaconic aldehyde.