gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implication of Green Tea as a Possible Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson Disease (2016)

Green tea is a beverage consumed around the world that is believed to have substantial health benefits such as reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and neurodegeneration. This beverage is prepared from the leaves (steamed and dried) of the Camellia sinesis plant and contains strong antioxidant and neuroprotective phenolic compounds from which the most important is (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second more common neurodegenerative disorders, after Alzheimer's disease and is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compact of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia. It has been shown in pre-clinical and clinical studies that green tea may be able to prevent PD, but its optimal dose or a possible mechanism explaining its health benefit in PD has not been properly established. In this review, we discuss the potential role of green tea's phenolic compounds and their therapeutic effectin modulating key signaling pathways in the PD brain.
Interfacial reaction between eutectic Sn-58Bi lead-free solder and electroless Ni-P plating (2004)

Interfacial reactions between eutectic Sn-58Bi lead-free solder and Cu or electroless Ni-P plating were studied. The joining temperature was 180 ℃, the aging temperature was 60 -120 f33, and the aging time was 5 to 30 d. The interfacial reaction products determined by SEM, EDAX and XRD are Cu6Sn5 on the solder/Cu interface, and Ni3Sn4 on the solder/Ni-P interface. In addition, there is a P-rich layer between Ni3Sn4 and Ni layer. The growth rate of Cu6Sn5 is much faster than that of Ni3Sn4. The growth rate of Ni3Sn4 was found to decrease with increasing P content in the electroless Ni-P plating. The kinetics of the intermetallic compound growth follows a parabolic law of time, as controlled by the diffusion mechanism. The apparent activation energies are 90.87 kJ/mol for the growth of Cu6Sn5, 101.43 kJ/mol for Ni3Sn4 on Ni-9%P plating and 117.31 kJ/mol for Ni3Sn4 on Ni-16%P plate, respectively.
Combined Inhibition of HER1/EGFR and RAC1 Results in a Synergistic Antiproliferative Effect on Established and Primary Cultured Human Glioblastoma Cells (2013)

Glioblastoma is the most frequent brain tumor of glial origin in adults. With the best available standard-of-care, patients with this disease have a life expectancy of only approximately 15 months after diagnosis. Because the EGF receptor (HER1/EGFR) is one of the most commonly dysregulated oncogenes in glioblastoma, HER1/EGFR-targeted agents, such as erlotinib, were expected to provide a therapeutic benefit. However, their application in the clinical setting failed. Seeking an explanation for this finding, we previously identified several candidate genes for resistance of human glioblastoma cell lines toward erlotinib. On the basis of this panel of genes, we aimed at identifying drugs that synergistically enhance the antiproliferative effect of erlotinib on established and primary glioblastoma cell lines. We found that NSC23766, an inhibitor of RAC1, enhanced the antineoplastic effects of erlotinib in U87MG, T98MG, and A172MG glioblastoma cell lines for the most part in a synergistic or at least in an additive manner. In addition, the synergistic antiproliferative effect of erlotinib and NSC23766 was confirmed in primary cultured cells, indicating a common underlying cellular and molecular mechanism in glioblastoma. Therefore, agents that suppress RAC1 activation may be useful therapeutic partners for erlotinib in a combined targeted treatment of glioblastoma.
A study for designing QC information system (2003)

The authors have been developing a quality information system for electron device manufacturing that aims at supporting total quality control (TQC) activities in design, manufacturing, and quality assurance by providing the capabilities of relational database (RDB) management and data analysis. The RDB for the quality control analysis contains all manufacturing data, such as data/time, station number, lot number, and measurement data, which are collected from the manufacturing floor through the data acquisition system. Users can search, extract, and join the data by using database query languages. For data analyses, a statistical analysis package and quality analysis graphic tool give the quality control chart on each terminal, so that process capability and the factor of defects in the process are easily found in a very short turnaround time. The authors propose a basic model of the electronic device process, which contains the process condition and measurement specification. They also discuss data structure in terms of the process model and database. The database query language and statistical data manipulation for the quality analysis are introduced, and a graphical representation tool is considered for easy understanding of the manufacturing quality status.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lipid Domain Specific Recruitment of Lipophilic Nucleic Acids: A Key for Switchable Functionalization of Membranes (2010)

Lipid domains in mammalian plasma membranes serve as platforms for specific recruitment or separation of proteins involved in various functions. Here, we have applied this natural strategy of lateral separation to functionalize lipid membranes at micrometer scale in a switchable and reversible manner. Membrane-anchored peptide nucleic acid and DNA, differing in their lipophilic moieties, partition into different lipid domains in model and biological membranes. Separation was visualized by hybridization with the respective complementary fluorescently labeled DNA strands. Upon heating, domains vanished, and both lipophilic nucleic acid structures intermixed with each other. Reformation of the lipid domains by cooling led again to separation of membrane-anchored nucleic acids. By linking appropriate structures/functions to complementary strands, this approach offers a reversible tool for triggering interactions among the structures and for the arrangement of reactions and signaling cascades on biomimetic surfaces.
Investigation of propagation characteristics above 1 GHz for microcellular land mobile radio (2002)

Experimental and calculated results of propagation characteristics above 1 GHz for microcellular land mobile radio in an urban area are described. Measurements were made at 1.5 GHz and 2.6 GHz with a fixed antenna located at the side of the road at a height of 5.3 m. Data were taken with an omnidirectional antenna at 2 cm intervals along the measured routes. Tall buildings line the measured routes on both sides. According to the experimental and calculated results, the propagation loss is dominated by interference among the direct ray and specularly, building-reflected and mobile-reflected rays in the line-of-sight propagation environment, and by interference between specular rays and building-diffracted rays in shadowed propagation. Therefore, in line-of-sight propagation, the median of propagation loss is similar to the free-space loss. In shadowed propagation, however, the median is not determined only by the base-to-mobile antenna distance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Learning Sparse Feature Representations using Probabilistic Quadtrees and Deep Belief Nets (2015)

Learning sparse feature representations is a useful instrument for solving an unsupervised learning problem. In this paper, we present three labeled handwritten digit datasets, collectively called n-MNIST. Then, we propose a novel framework for the classification of handwritten digits that learns sparse representations using probabilistic quadtrees and Deep Belief Nets. On the MNIST and n-MNIST datasets, our framework shows promising results and significantly outperforms traditional Deep Belief Networks.
Anomaly detection using data clustering and neural networks (2008)

Anomaly detection provides an early warning of unusual behavior in units in a fleet operating in a dynamic environment by learning system characteristics from normal operational data and flagging any unanticipated or unseen patterns. For a complex system such as an aircraft engine, normal operation might consist of multiple modes in a high dimensional space. Therefore, anomaly detection approaches based on single cluster data structure will not work. This paper investigates data clustering and neural network based approaches for anomaly detection, specifically addressing the situation which normal operation might exhibit multiple hidden modes. Results show detection accuracy can be improved by data clustering or learning the data structure using neural networks.
An automated stream-centres dielectrophoretic system (1988)

Dielectrophoresis has been shown to be potentially useful as a technique for identifying dielectric properties of particles and separating them on that basis. Particles range from simple polystyrene microspheres to the more complex biological cells. An automated system which allows the characterization and potential separation of particles/biological cells on a continuous basis is described. Here, a narrow sample stream suspended within a large sheath is injected between a pair of isomotive electrodes. Upon application of an AC field the sample particles undergo a positive or negative displacement, depending on their polarization characteristics relative to the medium. This deflection is detected using a linear 1024-element photodiode array and laser light source, to provide a measure of the response over a range of frequencies (110 Hz-50 MHz) under computer control. This enables the dielectrophoretic spectra to be obtained with very little human intervention. Details of the design and preliminary test results, based on inert and biological test particles, are presented and potential applications discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiplexed MS/MS in a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2004)

A multiplexing method for performing MS/MS on multiple peptide ions simultaneously in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS) has been developed. This method takes advantage of the inherent mass bias associated with ion accumulation in the QITMS to encode the intensity of precursor ions in a way that allows the corresponding product ions to be identified. The intensity encoding scheme utilizes the Gaussian distributions that characterize the relationship between ion intensities and rf trapping voltages during ion accumulation. This straightforward approach uses only two arbitrary waveforms, one for isolation and one for dissociation, to gather product ion spectra from N precursor ions in as little as two product ion spectra. In the example used to illustrate this method, 66% of the product ions from five different precursor peptide ions were correctly correlated using the multiplexing approach. Of the remaining 34% of the product ions, only 6% were misidentified, while 28% of the product ions failed to be identified because either they had too low intensity or they had the same m/z ratio as one of the precursor ions or the same m/z ratio as a product ion from a different precursor ion. This method has the potential to increase sample throughput, reduce total analysis times, and increase signal-to-noise ratios as compared to conventional MS/MS methods.
Adipose tissue plasticity: how fat depots respond differently to pathophysiological cues (2016)

White adipose tissue (WAT) has key metabolic and endocrine functions and plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. However, in the context of sustained obesity, WAT undergoes fibro-inflammation, which compromises its functionality, contributing to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. Better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number and depot-dependent expansion has become a focus of interest over recent decades. Here, we summarise the mechanisms contributing to adipose tissue (AT) plasticity and function including characteristics and cellular complexity of the various adipose depots and we discuss recent insights into AT origins, identification of adipose precursors, pathophysiological regulation of adipogenesis and its relation to WAT/BAT expandability in obesity and its associated comorbidities.
Enhanced anti-metastatic and anti-tumorigenic efficacy of Berbamine loaded lipid nanoparticles in vivo (2017)

Research on metastasis is gaining momentum for effective cancer management. Berbamine (BBM) has the potency to act as a therapeutic in multiple cancers and cancer metastasis. However, the major limitation of the compound includes poor bioavailability at the tumor site due to short plasma half-life. Here, our major objective involved development of lipid based nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with BBM with an aim to circumvent the above problem. Moreover its, therapeutic potentiality was evaluated through various in vitro cellular studies and in vivo melanoma primary and experimental lung metastatic tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Results of different cellular experiments demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy of BBM-NPs in inhibiting metastasis, cell proliferation and growth as compared to native BBM in highly metastatic cancer cell lines. Further, in vivo results demonstrated suppression of primary B16F10 melanoma tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice model treated with BBM-NPs than that of native BBM. Importantly, a moderately cytotoxic dose of BBM-NPs was able to significantly suppress the incidence of B16F10 cells lung metastasis in vivo. Results indicated development of an effective approach for aggressive metastatic cancer.
Immune Adjuvant Activity of Pre-Resectional Radiofrequency Ablation Protects against Local and Systemic Recurrence in Aggressive Murine Colorectal Cancer (2015)

While surgical resection is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, local and distant recurrences continue to adversely affect outcome in a significant proportion of patients. Evidence that an alternative debulking strategy involving radiofrequency ablation (RFA) induces antitumor immunity prompted the current investigation of the efficacy of performing RFA prior to surgical resection (pre-resectional RFA) in a preclinical mouse model.
Bench-to-bedside review: endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis. (2006)

Endotoxin tolerance is defined as a reduced responsiveness to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge following a first encounter with endotoxin. Endotoxin tolerance protects against a lethal challenge of LPS and prevents infection and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Endotoxin tolerance is paralleled by a dramatic reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production and some other cytokines in response to LPS. Endotoxin tolerance involves the participation of macrophages and mediators, such as glucocorticoids, prostaglandins, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta. Endotoxin tolerance is accompanied by the up-regulation of inhibitory molecules that down-regulate the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-dependent signaling pathway. Cross-tolerance between LPS and other TLR specific ligands, as well as IL-1 and TNF, has been regularly reported. A similar loss of LPS reactivity has been repeatedly reported in circulating leukocytes of septic patients and in patients with non-infectious systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS). Studies on cellular signaling within leukocytes from septic and SIRS patients reveal numerous alterations reminiscent of those observed in endotoxin tolerant cells. However, altered responsiveness to LPS of leukocytes from sepsis and SIRS patients is not synonymous with a global down-regulation of cellular reactivity. The term 'cellular reprogramming', which has been proposed to qualify the process of endotoxin tolerance, defines well the immune status of circulating leukocytes in septic and SIRS patients.
Modeling bone morphogenetic protein and bisphosphonate combination therapy in wild‐type and <i>Nf1</i> haploinsufficient mice (2007)

Recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) show promise in treating the orthopedic complications associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), such as congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Minimal scientific information regarding the effects of BMP in the context of NF1 is available. As abnormalities in both bone formation and resorption have been documented in Nf1-deficient mice, we hypothesized that inadequate BMP-induced bone formation could be augmented by cotreatment with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). First, primary osteoblasts isolated from wild type (Nf1(+/+)) and Nf1-deficient (Nf1(+/-)) mice were cultured in the presence and absence of BMP-2. While Nf1(+/-) cells exhibited less osteogenic potential than Nf1(+/+) cells, alkaline phosphatase expression and matrix mineralization for both genotypes were enhanced by BMP-2 treatment. To model this response in vivo, 20 microg BMP-2 was implanted intramuscularly into the quadriceps of mice to induce heterotopic bone. Radiographs revealed significantly less net bone formation in Nf1(+/-) mice compared to Nf1(+/+) controls. To test the effect of an antiresorptive agent, mice were cotreated twice weekly from postoperative day 3 with 0.02 mg/kg ZA or with saline. ZA treatment led to a synergistic increase in the amount of heterotopic bone in both Nf1(+/+) and Nf1(+/-) mice compared with saline controls, as measured by DEXA and histomorphometry. Thus, the anabolic deficiency noted in Nf1(+/-) mice is amenable to stimulation by BMP-2, but mineralized tissue formation remains below that of Nf1(+/+) controls. Bisphosphonate combination therapy is superior to BMP therapy alone in terms of net bone production in vivo in both wild-type and Nf1-deficient mice.
SimMatrix: SIMulator for MAny-Task computing execution fabRIc at eXascale (2013)

Exascale computers (expected to be composed of millions of nodes and billions of threads of execution) will enable the unraveling of significant scientific mysteries. Many-task computing is a distributed paradigm, which can potentially address three of the four major challenges of exascale computing, namely Memory/Storage, Concurrency/Locality, and Resiliency. Exascale computing will require efficient job scheduling/management systems that are several orders of magnitude beyond the state-of-the-art, which tend to have centralized architecture and are relatively heavy-weight. This paper proposes a light-weight discrete event simulator, SimMatrix, which simulates job scheduling system comprising of millions of nodes and billions of cores/tasks. SimMatrix supports both centralized (e.g. first-in-first-out) and distributed (e.g. work stealing) scheduling. We validated SimMatrix against two real systems, Falkon and MATRIX, with up to 4K-cores, running on an IBM Blue Gene/P system, and compared SimMatrix with SimGrid and GridSim in terms of resource consumption at scale. Results show that SimMatrix consumes up to two-orders of magnitude lower memory per task, and at least one-order of magnitude (and up to four-orders of magnitude) lower time per task overheads. For example, running a workload of 10 billion tasks on 1 million nodes and 1 billion cores required 142GB memory and 163 CPU-hours. These relatively low costs at exascale levels of concurrency will lead to innovative studies in scheduling algorithms at unprecedented scales.
Studies of blood flow employing duplex, pulsed Doppler real-time sonography. (1983)

The physics of pulsed Doppler techniques have been recently applied to clinical evaluation of superficial blood vessels and the flow within them. Essential physical principles of pulsed Doppler ultrasound are presented, including spectrum analysis and flow measurements. Duplex instrumentation combining high-resolution real-time imaging and a pulsed-Doppler system is described. Indications for duplex carotid sonography are outlined. Clinical applications are discussed and examples of normal and pathologic states are shown. Finally, the role of duplex sonography in the evaluation of carotid vascular disease is compared to traditional arteriographic and contemporary digital subtraction angiographic methods.
Accelerating Ordered Subsets Image Reconstruction for X-ray CT Using Spatially Nonuniform Optimization Transfer (2013)

Statistical image reconstruction algorithms in X-ray computed tomography (CT) provide improved image quality for reduced dose levels but require substantial computation time. Iterative algorithms that converge in few iterations and that are amenable to massive parallelization are favorable in multiprocessor implementations. The separable quadratic surrogate (SQS) algorithm is desirable as it is simple and updates all voxels simultaneously. However, the standard SQS algorithm requires many iterations to converge. This paper proposes an extension of the SQS algorithm that leads to spatially nonuniform updates. The nonuniform (NU) SQS encourages larger step sizes for the voxels that are expected to change more between the current and the final image, accelerating convergence, while the derivation of NU-SQS guarantees monotonic descent. Ordered subsets (OS) algorithms can also accelerate SQS, provided suitable "subset balance" conditions hold. These conditions can fail in 3-D helical cone-beam CT due to incomplete sampling outside the axial region-of-interest (ROI). This paper proposes a modified OS algorithm that is more stable outside the ROI in helical CT. We use CT scans to demonstrate that the proposed NU-OS-SQS algorithm handles the helical geometry better than the conventional OS methods and "converges" in less than half the time of ordinary OS-SQS.
A naturalistic assay for measuring behavioral responses to aversive stimuli at millisecond timescale (2017)

Abstract We have designed a Virtual Burrow Assay (VBA) to detect the behavioral responses of head-fixed mice to aversive stimuli. We demonstrate its suitability for measuring novelty detection as well as aversion to both conditioned and innately aversive cues. The VBA simulates a scenario in which a mouse, poised at the threshold of its burrow, evaluates whether to remain exposed to potential threats outside or to retreat inside an enclosure. When presented with aversive stimuli, mice exhibit a stereotyped retreat whose onset is determined by measuring the position of a moveable burrow. This withdrawal, which requires no training, is characterized by an abrupt transition that unfolds within milliseconds—a timescale similar to that of neuronal dynamics, permitting direct comparison between the two. The assay is compatible with standard electrophysiological and optical methods for measuring and perturbing neuronal activity.
Part 2—The Alloy-Tin Couple Test—A New Research Tool (1961)

A new 20 hour electrochemical test which measures the current flowing between pure tin and tin plate detinned to the alloy layer, coupled in deaerated grapefruit juice, shows good correlation with rate of detinning in grapefruit juice test packs. The test detects variations in corrosion resistance not measurable with other known short-term tests. A theory of tin plate corrosion based on relative porosities of tin and alloy layers has evolved from this work, providing a better understanding of factors involved in tin plate corrosion. This alloy-tin couple (ATC) test serves as a valuable tool in tin plate research. 2.3.5, 6.3.14