gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Portable light-emitting diode-based photometer with one-shot optochemical sensors for measurement in the field (2008)

This report describes the electronics of a portable, low-cost, light-emitting diode (LED)-based photometer dedicated to one-shot optochemical sensors. Optical detection is made through a monolithic photodiode with an on-chip single-supply transimpedance amplifier that reduces some drawbacks such as leakage currents, interferences, and parasitic capacitances. The main instrument characteristics are its high light source stability and thermal correction. The former is obtained by means of the optical feedback from the LED polarization circuit, implementing a pseudo-two light beam scheme from a unique light source with a built-in beam splitter. The feedback loop has also been used to adjust the LED power in several ranges. Moreover, the low-thermal coefficient achieved (-90 ppm/degrees C) is compensated by thermal monitoring and calibration function compensation in the digital processing. The hand-held instrument directly gives the absorbance ratio used as the analytical parameter and the analyte concentration after programming the calibration function in the microcontroller. The application of this photometer for the determination of potassium and nitrate, using one-shot sensors with ionophore-based chemistries is also demonstrated, with a simple analytical methodology that shortens the analysis time, eliminating some calibrating solutions (HCl, NaOH, and buffer). Therefore, this compact instrument is suitable for real-time analyte determination and operation in the field.
Circulating hematopoietic stem cells and putative intestinal stem cells in coeliac disease (2015)

In active CD patients, the ISC niche is depleted and there is an increased traffic of circulating HSC versus non-coeliac subjects. GFD induces a precocious mobilization of circulating HSC, which is followed by the expansion of the local ISC compartment, leading to mucosal healing and clinical remission.
Chemistry of Vismia Genus. Note V: γ-Hydroxy- and γ,γ'-Dihydroxy-Ferruginin A (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Vismia Genus. Note V: γ-Hydroxy- and γ,γ'-Dihydroxy-Ferruginin AF. Delle Monache, F. Faini Torres, G. B. Marini-Bettolo, and R. Alves De LimaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1980, 43, 4, 487–494Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50010a009https://doi.org/10.1021/np50010a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nonparametric segmentation and classification of small size irregularly shaped stem cell nuclei using adjustable windowing (2010)

We present nonparametric methods for segmenting and classifying stem cell nuclei so as to enable the automatic monitoring of stem cell growth and development. The approach is based on combining level set methods, multiresolution wavelet analysis, and non-parametric estimation of the density functions of the wavelet coefficients from the decomposition. Additionally, to deal with small size textures where the largest inscribed rectangular window may not contain a sufficient number of pixels for multiresolution analysis, we propose an adjustable windowing method that enables the multiresolution analysis of elongated and irregularly shaped nuclei. We illustrate cases where the adjustable windowing approach combined with non-parametric density models yields better classification for cases where parametric density modeling of wavelet coefficients may not applicable.
Activation of the Pacidamycin PacL Adenylation Domain by MbtH-like Proteins (2010)

Nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines are major avenues for the biosynthesis of a vast array of peptidyl natural products. Several hundred bacterial NRPS gene clusters contain a small (∼70-residue) protein belonging to the MbtH family for which no function has been defined. Here we show that two strictly conserved Trp residues in MbtH-like proteins contribute to stimulation of amino acid adenylation in some NRPS modules. We also demonstrate that adenylation can be stimulated not only by cognate MbtH-like proteins but also by homologues from disparate natural product pathways.
Melting and Solidification of a Pure Metal on a Vertical Wall (1986)

This paper reports on the role of natural convection on solid–liquid interface motion and heat transfer during melting and solidification of a pure metal (gallium) on a vertical wall. The measurements of the position of the phase-change boundary as well as of temperature distributions and temperature fluctuations were used as a qualitative indication of the natural convection flow regimes and structure in the melt during phase transformation taking place in a rectangular test cell heated or cooled from one of the vertical walls. For melting, the measured melt volume and heat transfer coefficients are correlated in terms of relevant dimensionless parameters. For solidification, the measured volume of metal solidified on the wall is compared with predictions based on a one-dimensional model.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Pyrazine Derivatives with Herbicidal Activity (2011)

The pyrazine ring is a part of many polycyclic compounds of biological and/or industrial significance; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines, and bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins and their derivatives. All these compounds are characterized by a low lying unoccupied -molecular orbital and by the ability to act as bridging ligand. Due to these two properties 1,4-diazines, and especially their parent compound pyrazine, possess a characteristic reactivity. Pyrazine is a weak diacid base (pK 1 = 0.57; pK 2 = -5.51), weaker than pyridine, due to the induction effect of the second nitrogen Its inherent bifunctionality and the low lying unoccupied molecular orbital permit pyrazine to form coordination polymers having unusual electrical and magnetic properties 1,4-Diazines may be employed to study inter-and intramolecular electron transfer in organic, inorganic and biochemical reactions. Autocondenzation of -aminocarbonyle compounds to the dihydropyrazine derivative, which is followed by oxidation on the final substituted pyrazine, or the condenzation of ,-dicarbonyle and ,-diamino compounds forming during the fermentation of saccharides and peptides are the main routes of pyrazine ring building. Pyrazines are found mainly in processed food, where they are formed during dry heating processes via Maillard reactions They are also found naturally in many vegetables, insects, terrestrial vertebrates, and marine organisms, and they are produced by microorganisms during their primary or secondary metabolism The widespread occurrence of simple pyrazine molecules in nature, especially in the flavours of many food systems, their effectiveness at very low concentrations as well as the still increasing applications of synthetic pyrazines in the flavour and fragrance industry are responsible for the high interest in these compounds Certain pyrazines, especially dihydropyrazines, are essential for all forms of life due their DNA strandbreakage activity and/or by their influencing of apoptosis Synthetic pyrazine derivatives are also useful as drugs (antiviral, anticancer, antimycobacterial, etc.), fungicides, and herbicides (Doleal, 2006a). Furthermore, a simple pyrazine compound, 3amino-6-chloro-pyrazine-6-carboxylic acid, has shown anti-auxin behaviour The importance of the pyrazine (1,4-diazine) ring for the biological www.intechopen.com
Effects of growth temperature on Mg-doped GaN grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (2012)

The hole concentration p in Mg-doped GaN films grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy depends strongly on the growth temperature TGR. At TGR=760 °C, GaN:Mg films showed a hole concentration of p=1.2 × 1018 cm−3 for [Mg]=4.5×1019 cm−3, while at TGR=840 °C, p=4.4×1016 cm−3 for [Mg]=7×1019 cm−3. Post-growth annealing did not increase p. The sample grown at 760 °C exhibited a low resistivity of 0.7 Ωcm. The mobility for all the samples was around 3−7 cm2/V s. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements and secondary ion mass spectroscopy suggest that the samples grown at TGR&gt;760 °C are compensated by an intrinsic donor rather than hydrogen.
Effect of processing on potato starch: In vitro availability and glycaemic index (2000)

The content of digestible starch (DS) and resistant starch (RS) in processed potatoes was assessed. In addition, the effect of domestic cooking on the in vitro digestibility of starch in this tuber, which may influence the glycaemic response, was studied. Resistant starch in raw potato is high, however different RS values were obtained when processed, ranging from 1.18% in boiled potatoes to 10.38% in retrograded flour. In general, cooked potatoes have high levels of DS. Starch digestibility is improved after processing and it is affected by the cooking methods. Boiled and mashed potatoes showed the highest rate of digestion, on the contrary raw potato was hardly digested. The estimated Glycaemic Index (GI) from the degree of starch hydrolysis within 90 min was in accordance with the reported GI values, for potatoes processed in the same way.
Metformin directly binds the alarmin HMGB1 and inhibits its proinflammatory activity (2017)

Metformin is the first-line drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In addition to its hypoglycemic effect, metformin has an anti-inflammatory function, but the precise mechanism promoting this activity remains unclear. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an alarmin that is released from necrotic cells and induces inflammatory responses by its cytokine-like activity and is, therefore, a target of anti-inflammatory therapies. Here we identified HMGB1 as a novel metformin-binding protein by affinity purification using a biotinylated metformin analogue. Metformin directly bound to the C-terminal acidic tail of HMGB1. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, metformin inhibited inflammatory responses induced by full-length HMGB1 but not by HMGB1 lacking the acidic tail. In an acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury model in which HMGB1 released from injured cells exacerbates the initial injury, metformin effectively reduced liver injury and had no additional inhibitory effects when the extracellular HMGB1 was blocked by anti-HMGB1-neutralizing antibody. In summary, we report for the first time that metformin suppresses inflammation by inhibiting the extracellular activity of HMGB1. Because HMGB1 plays a major role in inflammation, our results suggest possible new ways to manage HMGB1-induced inflammation.
Reducing cache misses through programmable decoders (2008)

Level-one caches normally reside on a processor's critical path, which determines clock frequency. Therefore, fast access to level-one cache is important. Direct-mapped caches exhibit faster access time, but poor hit rates, compared with same sized set-associative caches because of nonuniform accesses to the cache sets. The nonuniform accesses generate more cache misses in some sets, while other sets are underutilized. We propose to increase the decoder length and, hence, reduce the accesses to heavily used sets without dynamically detecting the cache set usage information. We increase the access to the underutilized cache sets by incorporating a replacement policy into the cache design using programmable decoders. On average, the proposed techniques achieve as low a miss rate as a traditional 4-way cache on all 26 SPEC2K benchmarks for the instruction and data caches, respectively. This translates into an average IPC improvement of 21.5 and 42.4% for SPEC2K integer and floating-point benchmarks, respectively. The B-Cache consumes 10.5% more power per access, but exhibits a 12% total memory access-related energy savings as a result of the miss rate reductions, and, hence, the reduction to applications' execution time. Compared with previous techniques that aim at reducing the miss rate of direct-mapped caches, our technique requires only one cycle to access all cache hits and has the same access time of a direct-mapped cache.
Body Weight and Abdominal Fat Gene Expression Profile in Response to a Novel Hydroxycitric Acid-Based Dietary Supplement (2003)

Obesity is a global public health problem, with about 315 million people worldwide estimated to fall into the WHO-defined obesity categories. Traditional herbal medicines may have some potential in managing obesity. Botanical dietary supplements often contain complex mixtures of phytochemicals that have additive or synergistic interactions. The dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, also known as Malabar tamarind, is a unique source of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which exhibits a distinct sour taste and has been safely used for centuries in Southeastern Asia to make meals more filling. Recently it has been demonstrated that HCA-SX or Super Citrimax, a novel derivative of HCA, is safe when taken orally and that HCA-SX is bioavailable in the human plasma as studied by GC-MS. Although HCA-SX has been observed to be conditionally effective in weight management in experimental animals as well as in humans, its mechanism of action remains to be understood. We sought to determine the effects of low-dose oral HCA-SX on the body weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile of Sprague-Dawley rats. We observed that at doses relevant for human consumption dietary HCA-SX significantly contained body weight growth. This response was associated with lowered abdominal fat leptin expression while plasma leptin levels remained unaffected. Repeated high-density microarray analysis of 9960 genes and ESTs present in the fat tissue identified a small set (approximately 1% of all genes screened) of specific genes sensitive to dietary HCA-SX. Other genes, including vital genes transcribing for mitochondrial/nuclear proteins and which are necessary for fundamental support of the tissue, were not affected by HCA-SX. Under the current experimental conditions, HCA-SX proved to be effective in restricting body weight gain in adult rats. Functional characterization of HCA-SX-sensitive genes revealed that upregulation of genes encoding serotonin receptors represent a distinct effect of dietary HCA-SX supplementation.
Pharmacoproteomics identifies combinatorial therapy targets for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (2015)

Rationally designed combinations of targeted therapies for refractory cancers, such as activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL), are likely required to achieve potent, durable responses. Here, we used a pharmacoproteomics approach to map the interactome of a tumor-enriched isoform of HSP90 (teHSP90). Specifically, we chemically precipitated teHSP90-client complexes from DLBCL cell lines with the small molecule PU-H71 and found that components of the proximal B cell receptor (BCR) signalosome were enriched within teHSP90 complexes. Functional assays revealed that teHSP90 facilitates BCR signaling dynamics by enabling phosphorylation of key BCR signalosome components, including the kinases SYK and BTK. Consequently, treatment of BCR-dependent ABC DLBCL cells with PU-H71 attenuated BCR signaling, calcium flux, and NF-κB signaling, ultimately leading to growth arrest. Combined exposure of ABC DLBCL cell lines to PU-H71 and ibrutinib, a BCR pathway inhibitor, more potently suppressed BCR signaling than either drug alone. Correspondingly, PU-H71 combined with ibrutinib induced synergistic killing of lymphoma cell lines, primary human lymphoma specimens ex vivo, and lymphoma xenografts in vivo, without notable toxicity. Together, our results demonstrate that a pharmacoproteome-driven rational combination therapy has potential to provide more potent BCR-directed therapy for ABC DLCBL patients.
Event-based blackboard architecture for multi-agent systems (2005)

Developing large multi-agent systems is a complex task involving the processes of the requirement, architecture, design and implementation of these systems. In particular, the architectural design is critical to cope with the increasing size and complexity of these systems. The multi-agent system that accesses a central repository is typically based on the blackboard architectural pattern. However, the control strategies of the agents are inherently complex. In this paper, we present an event-based control strategy to manage the access of central repository by multi-agents. In this approach, the blackboard pattern is composed with the implicit invocation pattern to separate the control policies from the control component so that the architecture is ease of evolution, reuses and changes.
Low-loss glass for optical transmission (1974)

Optical losses below the target for an optical-communication system (20 dB/km) are reported for a sodium-borosilicate glass. The glass was prepared in a conventional furnace, and the low loss was obtained by controlling the redox conditions during melting.
The Usability of CAPTCHAs on Smartphones (2013)

Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) are challenge-response tests used on the web to distinguish human users from automated bots (von Ahn et al., 2004). In this paper, we present an exploratory analysis of the results obtained from a user study and a heuristic evaluation of captchas on smartphones; we aimed to identify opportunities and guide improvements for captchas on smartphones. Results showed that existing captcha schemes face effectiveness and user satisfaction problems. Among the more severe problems found were the need to often zoom and pan, and too small control buttons. Based on our results, we present deployment and design guidelines for captchas on smartphones.
Migration of legacy applications to a CORBA platform: a case study (1996)

An important problem that many large organizations face today concerns the support and evolution of their large (legacy) information systems. In this paper we present an approach for migrating large and interdependent legacy information systems to CORBA based platforms. Our approach allows continuous availability of the information systems, minimal manpower for the implementation and preservation of the autonomy of the independent information systems. The information systems of ABB AG serve as case study for the presentation of our approach.
Pathogenesis of the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (1996)

Endothelial and/or platelet activation likely initiates thrombus formation. Whether antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) is an activator, a toxic response, or a protective response is not clear, nor is it certain whether aPL is germ-line encoded or antigen-driven. The pregnancy model is particularly informative. Alternative hypotheses about thrombogenicity which relegate aPL to the role of bystander have not yet been excluded.
The Iron Oxides (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Major Iron Oxides Less Common or Rare Iron Oxides Iron Oxides in the Environment
Continuous Extrusion Using a Raker Perkins MP50 (Multipurpose) Extruder (1986)

The Baker Perkins MP50 mixer/extruder has been used to produce paracetamol extrudates with a high drug loading. The extrudate had a high incidence of defects (ie surface roughness and shark skinning). Addition of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the basic formula (of paracetamol/avicel/lactose) improved extrudability but did not significantly influence extrudate quality. The mixer/extruder offers significant advantages by reducing the number of pieces of equipment required for extrudate manufacture, but further formulation work or equipment modification is required for the formulations examined to extrude satisfactorily.
Outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection in Taiwan, June 2015 to September 2017 (2019)

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) were notified of increasing acute hepatitis A (AHA) in June 2015. Serum and/or stool from AHA patients and sewage samples were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV). We defined outbreak cases as AHA patients with illness onset after June 2015 and with an HAV sequence less than 0.5% different from that of the TA-15 outbreak strain. We analysed characteristics and food exposures between outbreak and non-outbreak cases between January 2014 (start of enhanced surveillance) and February 2016. From June 2015 to September 2017, there were 1,563 AHA patients with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range (IQR): 26-38); the male-to-female ratio was 8.8 and 585 (37%) had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. TA-15 was detected in 82% (852/1,033) of AHA patients, and 14% (74/540) of sewage samples tested since July 2015. Infection with the TA-15 strain was associated with having HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI), recent oral-anal sex and men who have sex with men (MSM). The Taiwan CDC implemented an HAV vaccine campaign starting from October 2016 where 62% (15,487/24,879) of people at risk were vaccinated against HAV. We recommend HAV vaccination for at-risk populations and continuous surveillance to monitor control measures.
Impedance-based fault location in transmission networks: theory and application (2014)

A number of impedance-based fault location algorithms have been developed for estimating the distance to faults in a transmission network. Each algorithm has specific input data requirements and makes certain assumptions that may or may not hold true in a particular fault location scenario. Without a detailed understanding of the principle of each fault-locating method, choosing the most suitable fault location algorithm can be a challenging task. This paper, therefore, presents the theory of one-ended (simple reactance, Takagi, modified Takagi, Eriksson, and Novosel et al.) and two-ended (synchronized, unsynchronized, and current-only) impedance-based fault location algorithms and demonstrates their application in locating real-world faults. The theory details the formulation and input data requirement of each fault-locating algorithm and evaluates the sensitivity of each to the following error sources: 1) load; 2) remote infeed; 3) fault resistance; 4) mutual coupling; 5) inaccurate line impedances; 6) DC offset and CT saturation; 7) three-terminal lines; and 8) tapped radial lines. From the theoretical analysis and field data testing, the following criteria are recommended for choosing the most suitable fault-locating algorithm: 1) data availability and 2) fault location application scenario. Another objective of this paper is to assess what additional information can be gleaned from waveforms recorded by intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) during a fault. Actual fault event data captured in utility networks is exploited to gain valuable feedback about the transmission network upstream from the IED device, and estimate the value of fault resistance.