gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expressing meaningful processing requirements among heterogeneous nodes in an active network (2000)

Active Network technology envisions deployment of virtual execution environments within network elements, such as switches and routers. As a result, nonhomogeneous processing can be applied to network traffic associated with services, flows, or even individual packets. To use such a technology safely and efficiently, individual nodes must provide mechanisms to enforce resource limits. To provide effective enforcement mechanisms, each node must have a meaningful understanding of the resource requirements for specific network traffic. In Active Network nodes, resource requirements typically come in three categories: bandwidth, memory, and processing. Well-accepted metrics exist for expressing bandwidth (bits per second) and memory (bytes) in units independent of the capabilities of particular nodes. Unfortunately, no well-accepted metric exists for expressing processing (i.e., CPU time) requirements in a platformindependent form. This paper investigates a method to express the CPU time requirements of Active Applications (similar to distributed, mobile agents) in a form that can be meaningfully interpreted among heterogeneous nodes in an Active Network. The model consists of two parts: a node model and an application model. For modeling applications, the paper describes and evaluates a semi-stochastic state-transition model intended to represent the CPU usage requirements of Active Applications. Using measurement data, the general model is instantiated for two Active Applications, ping and multicast. The model instances are simulated, and the simulation results are compared against real measurements. For both Active Applications, the simulated and measured CPU time usage compare within 5% for the mean and the 90 th and 95 th percentiles. The 99 th percentiles compare within 7%. The paper also evaluates three different scaling factors that might be used to transform a model accurate on one node into terms that prove accurate on another node.
Optimal wavelet thresholding for various coding schemes (2002)

We propose a nonlinear, universal method based on wavelet thresholding to efficiently improve the performance of various coding schemes. Coarse quantization of the transform coefficients often results in some undesirable artifacts, such as ringing effect, contouring effect and blocking effect, especially at very low bit rate. We perform the wavelet-domain thresholding on the decompressed image to attenuate the quantization noise effect while maintaining the relatively sharp features (e.g. edges) of the original image. Both the objective quality and the subjective quality of the reconstructed image are significantly improved with the reduction of coding artifacts. Experimental results show that de-noising using the undecimated discrete wavelet transform (DWT) achieves better performance than using the orthonormal DWT, with an acceptable computational complexity (O(MN log/sub 2/ (MN)) for an image of size M/spl times/N).
High-performance collector-up InGaP/GaAs heterojunctionbipolar transistor with Schottky contact (1999)

The first fabrication and RF characterisation of an InGaP/GaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistor in collector-up topology with Schottky contact are reported. Boron implantation is employed to prevent current injection into the extrinsic base region. Realised devices exhibit FMAX = 110 GHz and breakdown voltage BVCE0 = 16 V. The RF gain of these components appears to be less sensitive to HBT development than standard emitter-up HBTs.
Nuclear Matrix Attachment Regions of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Point toward Conservation of These Genomic Elements in All Genital Papillomaviruses (1998)

The gene functions, transcriptional regulation, and genome replication of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been extensively studied. Thus far, however, there has been little research on the organization of HPV genomes in the nuclei of infected cells. As a first step to understand how chromatin and suprachromatin structures may modulate the life cycles of these viruses, we have identified and mapped interactions of HPV DNAs with the nuclear matrix. The endogenous genomes of HPV type 16 (HPV-16) which are present in SiHa, HPKI, and HPKII cells, adhere in vivo to the nuclear matrixes of these cell lines. A tight association with the nuclear matrix in vivo may be common to all genital HPV types, as the genomes of HPV-11, HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-33 showed high affinity in vitro to preparations of the nuclear matrix of C33A cells, as did the well-known nuclear matrix attachment region (MAR) of the cellular beta interferon gene. Affinity to the nuclear matrix is not evenly spread over the HPV-16 genome. Five genomic segments have strong MAR properties, while the other parts of the genome have low or no affinity. Some of the five MARs correlate with known cis-responsive elements: a strong MAR lies in the 5' segment of the long control region (LCR), and another one lies in the E6 gene, flanking the HPV enhancer, the replication origin, and the E6 promoter. The strongest MAR coincides with the E5 gene and the early-late intergenic region. Weak MAR activity is present in the E1 and E2 genes and in the 3' part of L2. The in vitro map of MAR activity appears to reflect MAR properties in vivo, as we found for two selected fragments with and without MAR activity. As is typical for many MARs, the two segments with highest affinity, namely, the 5' LCR and the early-late intergenic region, have an extraordinarily high A-T content (up to 85%). It is likely that these MARs have specific functions in the viral life cycle, as MARs predicted by nucleotide sequence analysis, patterns of A-T content, transcription factor YY1 binding sites, and likely topoisomerase II cleavage sites are conserved in similar positions throughout all genital HPVs.
Chemical stability of high-temperature superconductors (1992)

A review of the available studies on the chemical stability of the high temperature superconductors (HTS) in various environments was made. The La(1.8)Ba(0.2)CuO4 HTS is unstable in the presence of H2O, CO2, and CO. The YBa2Cu3O(7-x) superconductor is highly susceptible to degradation in different environments, especially water. The La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO4 and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O HTS are relatively less reactive than the YBa2Cu3O(7-x). Processing of YBa2Cu3O(7-x) HTS in purified oxygen, rather than in air, using high purity noncarbon containing starting materials is recommended. Exposure of this HTS to the ambient atmosphere should also be avoided at all stages during processing and storage. Devices and components made out of these oxide superconductors would have to be protected with an impermeable coating of a polymer, glass, or metal to avoid deterioration during use.
Effect of motor dynamics on nonlinear feedback robot arm control (1991)

A nonlinear feedback robot controller that incorporates the robot manipulator dynamics and the robot joint motor dynamics is proposed. The manipulator dynamics and the motor dynamics are coupled to obtain a third-order-dynamic model, and differential geometry control theory is applied to produce a linearized and decoupled robot controller. The derived robot controller operates in the robot task space, thus eliminating the need for decomposition of motion commands into robot joint space commands. Computer simulations are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed robot controller. The controller is further experimentally evaluated on the PUMA 560 robot arm. The experiments show that the proposed controller produces good trajectory tracking performances and is robust in the presence of model inaccuracies. Compared with a nonlinear feedback robot controller based on the manipulator dynamics only, the proposed robot controller yields conspicuously improved performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization With Noise Prediction for MIMO Systems (2007)

Single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) has recently been receiving much attention as an attractive method for broadband wireless communications for its advantages such as lower peak-to-average ratio and reduced sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets, when compared with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, we investigate its combination with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology and propose two novel FDE-MIMO structures, which we refer to as FDE with noise prediction (FDE-NP) and FDE-NP with successive interference cancellation (FDE-NP-SIC). It is shown that the proposed schemes have lower complexity and achieve better performance and complexity tradeoff than the conventional FDE scheme with decision feedback processing. To evaluate the system performance, we will propose an accurate theoretical analysis based on the modified Chernoff bound (MCB) and show that it is not only applicable to the proposed FDE-NP and FDE-NP-SIC schemes, but also to general MIMO systems with equalization. By using the developed MCB along with simulation results, we will show that the proposed FDE-NP and FDE-NP-SIC schemes can achieve significant performance improvement over the conventional FDE MIMO schemes
Short‐acting insulin analogues vs. regular human insulin in type 2 diabetes: a meta‐analysis (2008)

In type 2 diabetic patients, short-acting insulin analogues provide a better control of HbA1c and postprandial glucose than regular human insulin, without any significant reduction of the risk of severe hypoglycaemia.
Functionally reciprocal mutations of the prolactin signalling pathway define hairy and slick cattle (2014)

Lactation, hair development and homeothermy are characteristic evolutionary features that define mammals from other vertebrate species. Here we describe the discovery of two autosomal dominant mutations with antagonistic, pleiotropic effects on all three of these biological processes, mediated through the prolactin signalling pathway. Most conspicuously, mutations in prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have an impact on thermoregulation and hair morphology phenotypes, giving prominence to this pathway outside of its classical roles in lactation.
A host factor that binds near the termini of hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA (1996)

The terminal regions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) harbors sites governing many essential functions in the viral life cycle, including polyadenylation, translation, RNA encapsidation, and DNA synthesis. We have examined the binding of host proteins to a 170-nucleotide region from the 5' end of HBV pgRNA; a large portion of this region is duplicated at the 3' end of this terminally redundant RNA. By UV cross-linking labeled RNA to HepG2 cell extracts, we have identified a 65-kDa factor (p65) of nuclear origin which can specifically bind to this region. Two discrete binding sites were identified within this region; in vitro cross-competition experiments suggest that the same factor binds to both elements. One binding site (termed UBS) overlaps a portion of the highly conserved stem-loop structure (epsilon), while the other site (termed DBS) maps 35 nucleotides downstream of the hexanucleotide polyadenylation sequence. Both binding sites are highly pyrimidine rich and map to regions previously found to be important in the regulation of viral polyadenylation. However, functional analysis of mutant binding sites in vivo indicates that p65 is not involved in the polyadenylation of HBV pgRNA. Potential roles for the factor in viral replication in vivo are discussed.
A RFID-Based Hybrid Building Fire Evacuation System on Mobile Phone (2010)

Building fire is a common disaster happening in our daily life that causes unfortunate casualties and deaths. Successfully escaping from fire depends on the design of evacuation route and time as most of the damage of fire is caused due to lack of evacuation equipments or poor design of the emergency route. In this research work, we designed a hybrid building fire evacuation system (HBFES) on a mobile phone using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) techniques. The system will be implemented at Tamkang University on Lanyang campus where a central fire alarm system has been installed. Location Based Service (LBS) and several existing computer or mobile phone applications, namely Viewpoint Calculator, Path planner, and MobiX3D viewer will be used on the system to rapidly calculate the reliable evacuation routes when building fire takes place.
Microwave Linear Ablation of the Isthmus Between the Inferior Vena Cava and Tricuspid Annulus (1998)

The purpose of this study is to assess the potential utility and practicality of microwave (MW) ablation in the creation of linear lesion for the treatment of atrial flutter. In the search for a more versatile form of energy for ablation of complex arrhythmias, MW, with its more direct form of heating, has been considered a potential alternative to radiofrequency. MW ablation is expected to offer an advantage in creating deeper or more uniform linear lesions but data on its usefulness remain lacking. Microwave ablation was applied to the inferior vena cava and tricuspid annulus isthmus in eight canines weighing 67.2 +/- 4.8 lbs. We applied stationary ablations across the isthmus using 60-75 W power of 2,450-MHz MW energy delivered through a deflectable catheter with a 12- or 18-mm antenna, achieving 70.1 degrees +/- 9.0 degrees C antenna's temperature. Ablations were made between the coronary sinus os and the low lateral right atrium. Bidirectional block at the isthmus was accomplished in seven canines with an average of 2.7 +/- 1.3 ablations while in one canine, only unidirectional block was achieved after five ablations. Gross pathological examination identified 16 transmural ovaloid and linear lesions measuring 9.4 +/- 3.4 mm long, 4.9 +/- 2.0 mm wide, and 2.1 +/- 0.6 mm deep. In one canine the lesion extended to the surface of the tricuspid valve leaflet and in two other to the opposing anterior right ventricular wall. There were no coronary vascular or other structural damage. Histopathological examination showed hemolyzed blood on the surface, subendocardial hemorrhage and necrosis, and degeneration and fragmentation of the atrial myocardium. We concluded that single application ablation could achieve complete isthmus block using MW energy delivered through appropriately sized antenna. Such ablation may be useful for producing linear lesions for the treatment of atrial flutter.
High Speed Accessing using Split Optical Head (1989)

High speed accessing using a split optical head with a linear actuator is presented. A new optical head, which can detect and compensate for the displacement between the optical axis and the optical head moving part, was developed for the linear actuator. The moving part weight for this disk drive is less than 30g. The 21 msec average coarse seeking time can be realized.
Marked Inhibitory Activity of Masked Aryloxy Aminoacyl Phosphoramidate Derivatives of Dideoxynucleoside Analogues Against Visna Virus Infection (1998)

Lipophilic masked aryloxyaminoacylphosphoramidate derivatives of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside (ddN) analogues with potent anti-HIV activity (i.e., stavudine [d4T], azidothymidine [AZT], dideoxycytidine [ddC], 3'thio-2',3'-dideoxy cytidine [3TC], dideoxyadenosine [ddA], and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine [d4A]) activity were evaluated for their activity against visna virus (VV) in sheep choroid plexus (SCP) cells. The activity of several prodrug derivatives against VV proved markedly superior to that of the corresponding free ddN analogues. In particular, the d4A and ddA prodrug derivatives were exquisitely inhibitory in this model system (50% effective concentration [EC50], < or = 0.003 microM), and their anti-VV potency exceeded by at least 200-fold the antiviral potency of the corresponding free nucleosides. Marked differences were noted in the anti-VV potencies of several of the test compounds depending on the nature of the amino acid linked to the 5'-phosphate moiety, the nature of the nucleoside, or both. In view of the stability of the prodrugs in lamb serum, the VV infection model in lambs may be considered highly useful for investigating the in vivo antiretroviral efficacy of these type of drugs, particularly the d4T, ddA, and d4A prodrug derivatives.
Liquid Dropping Resin for IC Encapsulation (1988)

One method to encapsulate bare ICs on an organic substrate uses liquid epoxy resin. A type of liquid epoxy resin for use in tape automated bonding plastic leaded chip carrier, plastic-base pin grid array, and IC card is discussed. Epoxy resin used for this purpose should be of high reliability, comparable to that of the monolithic ICs which had not been realized on conventional resins used for chip-on-board applications. In order to meet these requirements, the characteristics of resin which yield high reliability, and methods to improve these characteristics have been studied. Effective factors which had been found to contribute to higher reliability are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
StochasticNet: Forming Deep Neural Networks via Stochastic Connectivity (2016)

Deep neural networks are a branch in machine learning that has seen a meteoric rise in popularity due to its powerful abilities to represent and model high-level abstractions in highly complex data. One area in deep neural networks that are ripe for exploration is neural connectivity formation. A pivotal study on the brain tissue of rats found that synaptic formation for specific functional connectivity in neocortical neural microcircuits can be surprisingly well modeled and predicted as a random formation. Motivated by this intriguing finding, we introduce the concept of StochasticNet where deep neural networks are formed via stochastic connectivity between neurons. As a result, any type of deep neural networks can be formed as a StochasticNet by allowing the neuron connectivity to be stochastic. Stochastic synaptic formations in a deep neural network architecture can allow for efficient utilization of neurons for performing specific tasks. To evaluate the feasibility of such a deep neural network architecture, we train a StochasticNet using four different image datasets (CIFAR-10, MNIST, SVHN, and STL-10). Experimental results show that a StochasticNet using less than half the number of neural connections as a conventional deep neural network achieves comparable accuracy and reduces overfitting on the CIFAR-10, MNIST, and SVHN data sets. Interestingly, StochasticNet with less than half the number of neural connections, achieved a higher accuracy (relative improvement in test error rate of ~6% compared to ConvNet) on the STL-10 data set than a conventional deep neural network. Finally, the StochasticNets have faster operational speeds while achieving better or similar accuracy performances.
Neuropsychological evaluation in the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion☆ (2007)

A mild traumatic brain injury in sports is typically referred to as a concussion. This is a common injury in amateur and professional athletics, particularly in contact sports. This injury can be very distressing for the athlete, his or her family, coaches, and school personnel. Fortunately, most athletes recover quickly and fully from this injury. However, some athletes have a slow recovery, and there are reasons to be particularly concerned about re-injury during the acute recovery period. Moreover, some athletes who have experienced multiple concussions are at risk for long-term adverse effects. Neuropsychologists are uniquely qualified to assess the neurocognitive and psychological effects of concussion. The National Academy of Neuropsychology recommends neuropsychological evaluation for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of sports-related concussion at all levels of play.
<i>Bacillus sphaericus</i>strain 2297: nucleotide sequence of 41.9 kDa toxin gene (1988)

10.1093/nar/16.9.4168
Light Harvesting by a Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Chromophore (2009)

Light aqueduct: Periodic mesoporous organosilica exhibits strong light absorption due to densely packed organic chromophores within the pore walls. Light energy absorbed by 125 biphenyl groups in the pore walls is funneled into a single coumarin 1 molecule in the mesochannels with almost 100% quantum efficiency, and results in significant enhancement of emission from the coumarin 1 dye.
Locality of the anomalous Hall conductivity (2017)

The geometrical intrinsic contribution to the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) of a metal is commonly expressed as a reciprocal-space integral: as such, it only addresses unbounded and macroscopically homogeneous samples. Here we show that the geometrical AHC has an equivalent expression as a local property. We define a ``geometrical marker'' which actually probes the AHC in inhomogeneous systems (e.g., heterojunctions), as well as in bounded samples. The marker may even include extrinsic contributions of geometrical nature.
Multiset-Partition Distribution Matching (2018)

Distribution matching is a fixed-length invertible mapping from a uniformly distributed bit sequence to shaped amplitudes and plays an important role in the probabilistic amplitude shaping framework. With conventional constantcomposition distribution matching (CCDM), all output sequences have identical composition. In this paper, we propose multisetpartition distribution matching (MPDM) where the composition is constant over all output sequences. When considering the desired distribution as a multiset, MPDM corresponds to partitioning this multiset into equal-size subsets. We show that MPDM allows to address more output sequences and thus has lower rate loss than CCDM in all nontrivial cases. By imposing some constraints on the partitioning, a constructive MPDM algorithm is proposed which comprises two parts. A variable-length prefix of the binary data word determines the composition to be used, and the remainder of the input word is mapped with a conventional CCDM algorithm, such as arithmetic coding, according to the chosen composition. Simulations of 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation over the additive white Gaussian noise channel demonstrate that the block-length saving of MPDM over CCDM for a fixed gap to capacity is approximately a factor of 2.5 to 5 at medium to high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia resulted from a nonsense mutation Arg479 Stop in the ALK-1 gene]. (2004)

The hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia propositus is caused by a heterozygous Arg 479 Stop mutation in the ALK-1 gene which has not been identified previously.
PWM Inverters Using Split-Wound Coupled Inductors (2009)

The number of output-voltage levels available in pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) voltage-source inverters can be increased by inserting a split-wound coupled inductor between the upper and lower switches in each inverter leg. Interleaved PWM control of both inverter-leg switches produces three-level PWM voltage waveforms at the center tap of the coupled inductor winding, representing the inverter-leg output terminal, with a PWM frequency twice the switching frequency. The winding leakage inductance is in series with the output terminal, with the main magnetizing inductance filtering the instantaneous PWM-cycle voltage differences between the upper and lower switches. Since PWM dead-time signal delays can be removed, higher device switching frequencies and higher fundamental output voltages are made possible. The proposed inverter topologies produce five-level PWM voltage waveforms between two inverter-leg terminals with a PWM frequency up to four times higher than the inverter switching frequency. This is achieved with half the number of switches used in alternative schemes. This paper uses simulated and experimental results to illustrate the operation of the proposed inverter structures.