gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory effect of procainamide in man. Inhibition of human suppressor T-cell activity in vitro. (1983)

Procainamide (PA) induces the production of a number of autoantibodies in a high proportion of treated individuals and in some a syndrome closely resembling systemic lupus erythematosus. The mechanism underlying this action of PA is unclear. To examine the possibility that PA might induce autoantibody formation by altering normal immunoregulatory mechanisms, the action of this drug on an in vitro model of antibody formation in man was examined. PA was found to augment the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in response to pokeweed mitogen but had no effect on pokeweed mitogen-induced tritiated thymidine incorporation. When purified populations of B and T cells were used, PA enhanced the generation of ISC in B-cell cultures supported by untreated T cells but not by T cells treated with mitomycin C. These results indicate that PA augmented B-cell responses by inhibiting suppressor T-cell activity and not by augmenting helper T-cell or B-cell function. N-Acetyl-procainamide had no effect on the generation of ISC in this system. The effect of PA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell activity was also examined to determine whether PA altered the generation or expression of suppressor T-cell function. PBM were cultured with 30 microgram/ml of Con A for 48 h to generate suppressor cells. When these were co-cultured with fresh PBM, the number of ISC generated was decreased by 58.1 +/- 3.4% (mean +/- SEM, n = 6). Cells that had been similarly incubated without Con A were not inhibitory. The addition of PA to the Con A-stimulated cultures inhibited the generation of suppressor cells as indicated by the fact that the response of fresh cells co-cultured with the Con A-stimulated cells was diminished by only 27.2 +/- 4.3%. In this system too, N-acetyl-procaimamide had no effect. By contrast, adding PA only to the co-culture of Con A-stimulated cells with fresh PBM had a less marked effect on suppressor cell function. These results indicate that the major action of PA is to inhibit the generation of suppressor T-cell activity. Such an effect may explain the capacity of this agent to induce autoantibody formation in treated individuals.
One or two injections of MVA-vectored vaccine shields hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2 upper and lower respiratory tract infection (2021)

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a replication-restricted smallpox vaccine, and numerous clinical studies of recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) as vectors for prevention of other infectious diseases, including COVID-19, are in progress. Here, we characterize rMVAs expressing the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Modifications of full-length S individually or in combination included two proline substitutions, mutations of the furin recognition site, and deletion of the endoplasmic retrieval signal. Another rMVA in which the receptor binding domain (RBD) is flanked by the signal peptide and transmembrane domains of S was also constructed. Each modified S protein was displayed on the surface of rMVA-infected cells and was recognized by anti-RBD antibody and soluble hACE2 receptor. Intramuscular injection of mice with the rMVAs induced antibodies, which neutralized a pseudovirus in vitro and, upon passive transfer, protected hACE2 transgenic mice from lethal infection with SARS-CoV-2, as well as S-specific CD3+CD8+IFNγ+ T cells. Antibody boosting occurred following a second rMVA or adjuvanted purified RBD protein. Immunity conferred by a single vaccination of hACE2 mice prevented morbidity and weight loss upon intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2 3 wk or 7 wk later. One or two rMVA vaccinations also prevented detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 and subgenomic viral mRNAs in the lungs and greatly reduced induction of cytokine and chemokine mRNAs. A low amount of virus was found in the nasal turbinates of only one of eight rMVA-vaccinated mice on day 2 and none later. Detection of low levels of subgenomic mRNAs in turbinates indicated that replication was aborted in immunized animals.
Intestinal Immunomodulation by Vitamin A Deficiency and Lactobacillus-Based Probiotic in Eimeria acervulina–Infected Broiler Chickens (2003)

In a 2 X 2 factorial study, a broiler starter ration was amended for vitamin A (control, C; deficient, A) and probiotic status (-, P) to investigate their modulatory effects onthe host immune system. Birds were inoculated orally with Eimeria acervulina (EA) oocysts, and disease susceptibility was evaluated by assessment of fecal oocyst shedding. Humoral and local cellular mediated immunity were assessed by evaluation of antibody and cytokine (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] and interleukin-2 [IL-2]) levels in sera and intestinal secretions on a 3-day interval after inoculation. Fecal oocyst shedding was highest (P < 0.05) in A- birds, followed by AP, C-, and CP birds. Feeding the probiotic reduced shed oocysts by 20% in A fed birds and by 26% in C fed birds. Intestinal IFN-gamma was relatively constant in all treatment groups except for A-, where it declined steadily and was lower (P < 0.05) from day 6 on. Serum IFN-gamma levels fluctuated within each treatment and over time were not revealing. Intestinal IL-2 was highest in CP birds at 3 and 9 days postinfection (DPI) and lowest in A- birds at 3, 9, and 12 DPI (P < 0.05); no difference between treatments was found at 6 DPI (P > 0.05). Eimeria-specific intestinal antibody (Ab) level was constant (P > 0.05) in C- birds but increased with time (P < 0.05) in A-, AP, and CP birds. Serum Ab levels were also constant in A- and CP birds but increased (P < 0.05) in C- and AP birds after 6 DPI. The data demonstrate for the first time a probiotic-enhanced immunity in vitamin A deficient birds. This study is also the first to demonstrate the probiotic effect on local cell-mediated immunity of chickens, best manifested by apparent lower intestinal invasion and development by EA, on the basis of higher IL-2 secretion and lower EA oocyst production.
Enhanced detection and retrograde axonal transport of PrP<sup>c</sup> in peripheral nerve (2003)

Neuroinvasion of the CNS during orally acquired transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) may involve the transport of the infectious agent from the periphery to the CNS via the peripheral nerves. If this occurs within axons, the mechanism of axonal transport may be fundamental to the process. In studies of peripheral nerve we observed that the cellular prion protein (PrPc) is highly resistant to detergent extraction. The implication of this is an underestimation of the abundance of PrPc in peripheral nerve. We have developed nerve extraction conditions that enhance the quantification of the protein in nerve 16-fold. Application of these conditions to evaluate the accumulation of PrPc distal to a cut nerve now reveals that PrPc is retrogradely transported from the axon ending. These results provide a potential cellular mechanism for TSE infectivity to gain entry to the CNS from the periphery.
BAW microwave temperature sensor (2006)

The paper studies the possibility of using microwave high overtone bulk acoustic wave resonators (HBAR) in temperature sensors in liquids. The shear 430 MHz BAW are excited in the resonator structure providing high temperature sensitivity and relatively low harmful mechanical sensitivity of sensor on ambient liquid media. The new technical suggestion is that the resonator is acoustically isolated and protected from the mechanical influence of ambient media by multilayer Bragg quarter-wavelength thin film reflectors.
FIRST NORTH AMERICAN FIELD RELEASE OF A VACCINIA-RABIES GLYCOPROTEIN RECOMBINANT VIRUS (1998)

Following nearly 10 yr of extensive laboratory evaluation, a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RG) vaccine was the first recombinant virus to undergo limited North American field release on 20 August 1990. The free-ranging raccoon population on Parramore Island (Virginia, USA) was exposed to a high density (10 baits/ha) of vaccine-laden baits distributed on a 300 ha vaccination area. An annual total of 887 raccoons were live-trapped for sedation, physical examination and blood collection for rabies antibody determination; there was no evidence of adverse effects or lesions due to the vaccine. Age and sex distributions, mean body weights, and live-capture histories of raccoons from the vaccination and non-baited control areas were compared. There were no statistically significant differences in survivorship between the baited and non-baited areas, nor between rabies antibody-positive and antibody-negative raccoons from the vaccination area. There was no trend in field mortality that suggested an association with either tetracycline or sulfadimethoxine, used as biomakers, or with vaccine contact determined by antibody status. No gross or histopathologic lesions due to the vaccine were demonstrated among a subsample of live-trapped raccoons collected for gross necropsy, biomarker analysis, histopathologic examination, and V-RG virus isolation attempts. Recovery of V-RG virus was limited to the tonsils of two biomarker-positive, clinically healthy raccoons collected from the vaccination area for postmortem examination on days 2 and 4 following bait distribution. These data reinforce the extensive body of safety data on the V-RG virus and extend it to include field evaluation where vaccine is offered free-choice in abundance, in baits designed to attract free-ranging raccoons, in a relatively simple ecosystem.
Indirect assessment of small hydrophobic ligand binding to a model protein using a combination of ESI MS and HDX/ESI MS (2003)

Direct mass spectrometric characterization of interactions between proteins and small hydrophobic ligands often poses a serious problem due to the complex instability in the gas phase. We have developed a method that probes the efficacy of ligand-protein interactions indirectly by monitoring changes in protein flexibility. The latter is assessed quantitatively using a combination of charge state distribution analysis and amide hydrogen exchange under both native and mildly denaturing conditions. The method was used to evaluate binding of a model protein cellular retinoic acid binding protein I to its natural ligand all-trans retinoic acid (RA), isomers 13-cis- and 9-cis-RA, and retinol, yielding the following order of ligand affinities: All-trans RA > 9-cis RA > 13-cis RA, with no detectable binding of retinol. This order is in agreement with the results of earlier fluorimetric titration studies. Furthermore, binding energy of the protein to each of retinoic acid isomers was determined based on the measured hydrogen exchange kinetics data acquired under native conditions.
Detection of Malignant Tumors Using Tc-99m Labeled Fab' Fragments From a Monoclonal Antibody With Specificity for D-Dimer of Cross-Linked Fibrin (1996)

The authors present the case studies of two patients whose malignant tumors were detected with a Tc-99m labeled antifibrin monoclonal antibody (DD-3B6/22), which is specific for cross-linked fibrin. The first case was a malignant fibrous histiocytoma involving the proximal aspect of the left thigh, whereas in the second case, the patient was receiving treatment for a squamous cell carcinoma of the right mainstem bronchus. The results highlight the potential of this anti-D-dimer radiopharmaceutical for noninvasive detection of malignant tumors.
Release of PLGA–encapsulated dexamethasone from microsphere loaded porous surfaces (2009)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphology and function of a drug eluting metallic porous surface produced by the immobilization of poly lactide-co-glycolide microspheres bearing dexamethasone onto plasma electrolytically oxidized Ti-6Al-7Nb medical alloy. Spheres of 20 microm diameter were produced by an oil-in-water emulsion/solvent evaporation method and thermally immobilized onto titanium discs. The scanning electron microscopy investigations revealed that the size distribution and morphology of the attached spheres had not changed significantly. The drug release profiles following degradation in phosphate buffered saline for 1000 h showed that, upon immobilisation, the spheres maintained a sustained release, with a triphasic profile similar to the non-attached system. The only significant change was an increased release rate during the first 100 h. This difference was attributed to the effect of thermal attachment of the spheres to the surface.
Deregulation of the <i>HOXA10</i> Homeobox Gene in Endometrial Carcinoma: Role in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (2006)

Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that control cell differentiation and play essential roles in developmental patterning. Increasing evidence indicates that many homeobox genes are aberrantly expressed in cancers, and that their deregulation significantly contributes to tumor progression. The homeobox gene HOXA10 controls uterine organogenesis during embryonic development and functional endometrial differentiation in the adult. We investigated whether HOXA10 expression is deregulated in endometrial carcinomas, and how counteracting this aberrant expression modifies tumor behavior. We found that down-regulation of HOXA10 expression in endometrial carcinomas strongly correlates with increased tumor grade and is associated with methylation of the HOXA10 promoter. Enforced expression of HOXA10 in endometrial carcinoma cells inhibited invasive behavior in vitro and tumor dissemination in nude mice. The inhibitory effect of HOXA10 on invasive behavior was attributable at least in part to the ability of HOXA10 to induce expression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin by down-regulating expression of Snail, a repressor of E-cadherin gene transcription. These findings reveal a novel role for HOXA10 deregulation in the progression of endometrial carcinoma by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
<i>PER2</i> variantion is associated with depression vulnerability (2009)

The circadian clock is driven by transcription-translation feedback loops and regulates rhythms that approximate the 24-hr day-night cycle or light-dark transitions. Disruptions of the circadian rhythms are common in depressed patients, expressed for example as sleep disturbances. Genetic variations in core circadian genes may in part explain these abnormalities. To investigate whether genetic variation in core circadian genes associates with vulnerability to depression, we genotyped 18 genes in a Swedish population based sample. Genetic variations indicative of association with depression, or with winter depression in our previous study, were tested for association to depression in a second Swedish depression-control sample set. PER2 genetic variation was associated with depression vulnerability, and this genetic risk did not seem to require exposure to potential sleep disturbance factors such as negative life event or financial strain that are known to increase the risk for depression. Polymorphisms in the circadian genes NPAS2, ARNTL, and RORA were also suggested to contribute to depression vulnerability. The findings we report for PER2, ARNTL, and RORA are supported by at least two of the three sample sets. In conclusion, genetic variation in PER2 is associated with depression vulnerability a Swedish population-based sample. More studies are needed to determine if this is the case also for NPAS2, ARNTL, and RORA.
Scatter correction for full‐fan volumetric CT using a stationary beam blocker in a single full scan (2011)

Our method inherits the main advantages of measurement-based methods while avoiding their shortcomings. It has the potential to become a practical scatter correction solution widely implementable on different VCT systems.
Application of a Point the Bit Rotary Steerable System in Directional Drilling Prototype Well-bore Profiles (2000)

Abstract Recent trends in the oil industry are requiring higher degrees of accuracy in the placement of boreholes, while improving overall rates of penetration. In addition to reducing overall drilling costs, several technical reasons can be cited. These include: Increasingly complex directional well trajectories designed to drain more of the reservoir; accurate build rates and precise landing of horizontal wells; accurate horizontal control for steering relative to an interface or to reduce undulation in extended reach wells. Rotary steerable systems have been introduced in the past few years to respond to these more complex requirements. These systems have shown the potential for reducing the costs of drilling while providing improved directional control. Elimination of sliding increases rates of penetration, provides better hole cleaning, smoother boreholes, less chance of differential sticking; and the ability to drill further. Schlumberger has developed a new rotary steerable system, which functions on a point-the-bit principle. The system has no non-rotating or stationary parts in contact with the formation. The system is implemented in a 6 ¾-inch platform and operates in bore-hole diameters between 8 3/8-inch and 9 7/8-inch. This paper will present an overview of the new point-the-bit system. Benefits of the system will be discussed. Case studies from two wells will be presented. The presentation will discuss the well objectives, the plan implementation, and include operational highlights and issues. Project results and improvements in implementation will be presented with discussion on how the system was utilized to insure value-added savings.
Plasmid DNA Encoding Targeted Naturally Processed Peptides Generates Protective Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses in Immunized Animals (1998)

Genetic immunization has been widely applied in efforts to find novel and efficient mechanisms of stimulating the immune response. An effective attack against viral pathogens or tumors often requires activation of T cell-mediated immunity and the generation of cytotoxic T cells. Intramuscular immunization with plasmid DNA containing cDNAs that encode proteins results in expression and secretion of the foreign antigen by muscle cells. T cell activation occurs when peptide fragments of the exogenous protein are presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells. Identification of specific peptide epitopes from a protein antigen presented to T cells during an infectious process or tumor situation would provide all of the antigenic information needed to stimulate effective T cell-mediated immunity. Such peptides represent the naturally processed epitopes selected by the processing machinery of antigen presenting cells. Delivery of this information to the appropriate cells in vivo might be sufficient to stimulate T cell immunity and overcome the difficulties associated with overexpression of large protein antigens or those with potentially toxic side effects. This report describes the use of naturally processed T cell epitopes, administered in plasmid DNA vaccines, to stimulate cytotoxic T cell responses to two viral antigens effectively.
Los museos de Madrid: proyectos y realidades (2000)

espanolSe analizan en este trabajo algunas de las transformaciones que se estan llevando a cabo en el interior de los museos y que ponen en entredicho su caracter de institucion patrimonial: conservar, investigar y difundir las colecciones. Se destacan, ademas, algunas de las motivaciones mas importantes. EnglishIn this work, some of the transformations carried out inside museums are discussed. These modifications question the traditional view of museums as strictly cultural institutions meant to preserve, investigate and divulge stored and exhibited collections of materials. Some o f the most important changes in this new conception are especially stressed.
Hysteroscopic management of intractable uterine bleeding. A review of 103 cases. (1993)

One hundred three patients with intractable uterine bleeding were treated using the continuous flow resectoscope. All patients underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling prior to surgery. The patients were divided into three groups. Group I (n = 69) patients had a normal hysteroscopic examination. Group II (n = 26) had intrauterine pathology visible on their diagnostic hysteroscopy. Group III (n = 8) had failed to improve satisfactorily on previous hysteroscopic ablation of the endometrium using the Nd:YAG laser. Group I and III patients underwent hysteroscopic ablation of the endometrium using a 3-mm, ball-end electrode. Group II patients underwent hysteroscopic resection of an intra-uterine lesion utilizing a 7-mm wipe loop electrode. The results in all three groups were analyzed and compared. Seventy patients underwent endometrial preparation with one of five pretreatment regimens: danazol, depoleuprolide, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate and surgery.
Temperature calibration of an infrared radiation source (1980)

A calibration procedure is described which allows recalibration of a blackbody simulator to be used as an accurate high temperature reference source. An error <+/-0.5 K in the reference source temperature can be achieved with this procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: LOW TEMPERATURE GRIGNARD REACTIONS WITH PURE MAGNESIUM SLURRIES. TRAPPING OF CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL AND BENZOCYCLOBUTENYLMETHYL GRIGNARD REAGENTS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE (1982)

Abstract Zugabe von Cyclopropylmethylbromid (I) zu einer Mg‐Aufschlämmung bei tiefen Temp. in THF gibt das Grignard‐Reagenz (II), das in situ mit CO 2 ‐Gas bzw. Benzaldehyd zu den Säuren (III) und (IV) bzw. den Alkoholen (V) und (VI) reagiert.
Cause of Microbial Death during Freezing in a Soft-Serve Ice Cream Freezer (1966)

Death of microbial suspensions during freezing with agitation was studied by following the optical density changes of yeast suspensions in frozen-thawed sucrose solutions; and by cytological examination of frozen-thawed yeast suspensions using a light microscope, and frozen-thawed suspensions of Escherichia coli with an electron microscope.
<title>Applications of excimer lasers in microelectronics</title> (1991)

Among the newly developed techniques for thin film processing and semiconductor device fabrication, the excimer laser is one of the most promising and powerful due to its usefulness for rapid thermal processing and surface microstructure modification. To date, its applications in microelectronics include deep UV lithography, metal deposition and reflow, process monitoring and diagnostics, laser repairing, and thin film processing including high temperature superconductor material synthesis and laser enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In this paper, the status of semiconductor device metallization using excimers laser will be reviewed, and recent development in texturization of polycrystalline silicon thin films, silicide formation, and maskless patterning using excimer lasers will be presented.
Experimental characterization and development of a SoC/SoH estimator for a LiFePO<inf>4</inf> battery cell (2015)

This paper presents the results of experimental characterization of an automotive LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> battery cell for the purpose of building of a control-oriented battery equivalent electrical circuit model suitable for designing a combined state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) estimator. The SoC/SoH estimator design has been based on the time-series representation of the battery model utilized within the extended Kalman filter (EKF) parameter estimator, with SoC reconstruction based on the known open-circuit voltage vs. discharged charge curve. In order to provide a consistent SoC estimate during low-excitation intervals, EKF-based estimation has been combined with a Coulomb (charge) counting approach. The effectiveness of the proposed SoC/SoH estimator has been verified by means of computer simulations on the developed battery model for different battery operating regimes.