gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembling Tin Dioxide Quantum Dots to Graphene Nanosheets by a Facile Ultrasonic Route (2013)

Nanocomposites have significant potential in the development of advanced materials for numerous applications. Tin dioxide (SnO2) is a functional material with wide-ranging prospects because of its high electronic mobility and wide band gap. Graphene as the basic plane of graphite is a single atomic layer two-dimensional sp(2) hybridized carbon material. Both have excellent physical and chemical properties. Here, SnO2 quantum dots/graphene composites have been successfully fabricated by a facile ultrasonic method. The experimental investigations indicated that the graphene was exfoliated and decorated with SnO2 quantum dots, which was dispersed uniformly on both sides of the graphene. The size distribution of SnO2 quantum dots was estimated to be ranging from 4 to 6 nm and their average size was calculated to be about 4.8 ± 0.2 nm. This facile ultrasonic route demonstrated that the loading of SnO2 quantum dots was an effective way to prevent graphene nanosheets from being restacked during the reduction. During the calcination process, the graphene nanosheets distributed between SnO2 nanoparticles have also prevented the agglomeration of SnO2 nanoparticles, which were beneficial to the formation of SnO2 quantum dots.
Effect of Sludge Application on Physical Properties of a Silty Clay Loam Soil (1985)

Abstract This study was conducted to elucidate the long‐term effect of dewatered sludge application on a silty clay loam soil, which possesses poor permeability and other undesirable physical properties. A Zimpro®‐processed dewatered sludge was applied in early 1977 at treatment rates of 0, 11.2, 22.4, 44.8, and 112.0 Mg ha −1 (dry solids basis) to a Kewaunee silty clay loam soil (Typic Hapludalf). A sixth treatment was an annual application of 22.4 Mg ha −1 from 1977 to 1982, resulting in a total input of 134.4 Mg ha −1 . Bulk density, infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, and aggregate stability were measured $ yr after application (note: fifth year of annual sludge application at 22.4 Mg ha −1 ). The bulk density decreased by 0, 0.7, 3.5, 8.3, and 6.3% over the control for the 11.2, 22.4, 44.8, 112.0, and 134.4 Mg ha −1 of sludge treatment, respectively. The hydraulic conductivities of saturated soil cores were 0, 4.2, 45.4, 70.2, and 70.6% higher for the 11.2, 22.4, 44.8, 112.0, and 134.4 Mg ha −1 sludge treatment, respectively, over the control. The improved soil permeability was due to the enhancement of aggregate stability, which increased relative to the control by 3.3, 9.4, and 11.9% with the 44.8, 112.0, and 134.4 Mg ha −1 treatment, respectively. The in situ volumetric moisture content of the sludge‐treated soils was always higher than the control, especially after a prolonged period of evaporation. At 33.3 kPa or less, more water was released from soils treated with high rates of sludges. This indicated an increase in the volume of larger pores, which resulted in the higher hydraulic conductivities. Lower rates of sludge treatments (11.2 and 22.4 Mg ha −1 ) had no effects on the soil physical properties after 5 yr. Small yearly applications improved the soil physical properties equally as well as a single large application.
<i>Durotrigia filapicata</i>, comb. nov. for <i>Gonyaulacysta filapicata</i> (Fossil <i>Pyrrhophyta: Dinophyceae)</i> (1991)

Summary Riding, J. B. & Bailey, D. A.: Durotrigia filapicata , comb. nov. for Gonyaulacysta filapicata (Fossil Pyrrhophyta: Dinophyceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 100–102. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262. The fossil dinoflagellate cyst Gonyaulacysta filapicata Gocht has a variable precingular archaeopyle, type 1P to 5P, and a gonyaulacacean paratabulation with two small dorsal anterior intercalary paraplates. It is thus more appropriately placed in Durotrigia Bailey, and this transfer is effected herein.
OVIPOSITION AND LARVAL SURVIVAL OF DIAPREPES ABBREVIATUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ON SELECT HOST PLANTS (2003)

In a preliminary survey in four commercial ornamental nurseries in south Florida (1998), Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) egg masses, feeding damage, or adults occurred on numerous field-grown ornamental plant species. Live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.), silver buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L. variety sericeus Fors. Ex DC), and black olive (Bucida buseras L.) had the highest percentage of plants with egg masses. Adult feeding damage was found on all examined plants of dahoon holly (Ilex cassine L.), cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco L.), black olive, live oak, Bauhinia sp., and Cassia sp. Oviposition of D. abbreviatus was evaluated in no-choice, two-choice, three-choice and multiple-choice caged tests. In no-choice tests, silver buttonwood had the highest mean number of egg masses. In two-choice tests, egg masses were laid on all plant species tested but there were significantly more egg masses on silver buttonwood than the alternate choice. The number of egg masses in the three-choice tests was low and there were no significant differences among the plant species tested. As in the no-choice and two-choice tests, significantly more egg masses were found on silver buttonwood in multiple-choice tests. Survival of larvae and their effect on plant growth was examined on several commonly grown plant species in southern Florida. Larval survival was highest on silver buttonwood and Sorghum sudanense Pers (sorghum-sudan) compared with other plant species. Root and/or total biomass was significantly reduced on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), silver buttonwood, Tahiti lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and sorghum-sudan.
Genetic Basis of Vi Antigen Expression in<i>Salmonella paratyphi</i>C (1977)

Analysis of hybrids formed in a cross between a Salmonella paratyphi C Hfr and an S. typhimurium recipient indicated that the structural genetic determinants of the S. paratyphi C Vi antigen are located closely adjacent to the mel determinant, between this marker and purA. A similar location was indicated for the structural genetic determinants of the S. typhi Vi antigen (the viaB locus) by the results of a mating in which a hybrid S. typhimurium Hfr bearing the S. typhi viaB determinants was used to transfer these genes to an S. typhimurium recipient. Mating experiments with a Vi-antigen-expressing S. typhi Hfr and an S. typhimurium hybrid recipient expressing the Vi antigen of S. paratyphi C yielded no recombinants in which loss of Vi antigen expression occurred, indicating that the chromosomal locus occupied by the genetic determinants of the S. paratyphi C Vi antigen is the same one at which, in S. typhi, the viaB genes reside. Introduction of a mutant S. typhi viaA gene into an S. typhimurium hybrid expressing the Vi antigen, as the consequence of prior receipt of the S. paratyphi C viaB determinants, resulted in that hybrid's loss of Vi antigen expression, demonstrating that the viaA determinant plays a role in Vi antigen expression in S. paratyphi C, as well as in S. typhi. Although the percentages of coinheritance of the viaB and mel determinants in the mating experiments suggested that their linkage is sufficiently close to allow cotransduction by P22, attempts to accomplish this with lysates prepared on S. typhimurium hybrids expressing either S. typhi or S. paratyphi C viaB determinants were not successful.
A methodology for IP integration into DSP SoC: a case study of a MAP algorithm for turbo decoder (2004)

The re-use of complex digital signal processing (DSP) coprocessors can be improved using IP cores described at a high abstraction level. System integration, which is a major step in SoC design, requires taking into account communication and timing constraints to design and integrate IP. In this paper, we describe an IP design approach that relies on three main phases: constraints modeling, IP constraints analysis steps for feasibility checking, and synthesis. Based on a generic architecture, the presented method provides automatic generation of IP cores designed under integration constraints. We show the effectiveness of our approach in a case study of a maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm for a turbo decoder.
An improved transducer for measurement of cardiac dimensions with sonomicrometry (1981)

Although pulse-transit sonomicrometry is an accurate and sensitive technique for measuring cardiac dimensions, transducer directionality has been a significant problem in certain applications. Construction of an improved ultrasonic dimension transducer is described for the measurement of global cardiac diameters. The transducer consists of a hemispheric piezoelectric crystal with a quarter-wavelength impedance matched faceplate. The in vitro acoustic characteristics of this transducer reveal a substantially improved beam pattern compared to the flat piezoceramic transducer commonly used. This improvement in transducer design greatly facilitates sonic alignment, enhances tracking throughout the cardiac cycle, and allows the measurement of more complex cardiac dimensions.
The HIV Protease Inhibitor Nelfinavir Inhibits Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Replication In Vitro (2011)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV-associated cancer worldwide and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality in some regions. Antiretroviral (ARV) combination regimens have had mixed results for KS progression and resolution. Anecdotal case reports suggest that protease inhibitors (PIs) may have effects against KS that are independent of their effect on HIV infection. As such, we evaluated whether PIs or other ARVs directly inhibit replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the gammaherpesvirus that causes KS. Among a broad panel of ARVs tested, only the PI nelfinavir consistently displayed potent inhibitory activity against KSHV in vitro as demonstrated by an efficient quantitative assay for infectious KSHV using a recombinant virus, rKSHV.294, which expresses the secreted alkaline phosphatase. This inhibitory activity of nelfinavir against KSHV replication was confirmed using virus derived from a second primary effusion lymphoma cell line. Nelfinavir was similarly found to inhibit in vitro replication of an alphaherpesvirus (herpes simplex virus) and a betaherpesvirus (human cytomegalovirus). No activity was observed with nelfinavir against vaccinia virus or adenovirus. Nelfinavir may provide unique benefits for the prevention or treatment of HIV-associated KS and potentially other human herpesviruses by direct inhibition of replication.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation training results in enhanced activation of spinal stabilizing muscles during spinal loading and improvements in pain ratings (2011)

Low back pain is associated with dysfunction in recruitment of muscles in the lumbopelvic region. Effective rehabilitation requires preferential activation of deep stabilizing muscle groups yet training these muscles poses challenges in a clinical setting. This study was carried out in order to quantify the response of deep stabilizing muscles (transverses abdominis and deep fibres of multifidus) to a period of training using a novel neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) application in a group of patients with chronic low back pain. Analysis of results revealed clinically and statistically significant improvements in indicators of both muscle groups' performance, as evidenced by ultrasound evaluation of activation during voluntary activity. These improvements were associated with significant improvements in self reported pain levels, suggesting that NMES has an important role to play in CLBP rehabilitation.
Surface-plasmon-enhanced radiation effects in confined photonic systems (1999)

Combined action of a resonant cavity and metal nanocomposites is shown to result in dramatic enhancement of spontaneous emisson rate in the optical spectral range. The cavity leads to modification of the optical density of states (Parcell effect), whereas the metal nanoparticles lead to giant local-field effects in spontaneous emission occurring because of surface-plasmon-enhanced vacuum field fluctuations. It is also shown that the surface-plasmon resonances may result in a full photonic gap in a metal-dielectric composite, even for a completely random structure of the composite. In our experiments, lasing at extremely low pump intensities, below 1 mW was observed for a novel class of optical materials, microcavities doped with fractal aggregates of metal nanoparticles.
Identification of a Genomic Island Present in the Majority of Pathogenic Isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium, is capable of colonizing a wide range of environmental niches and can also cause serious infections in humans. In order to understand the genetic makeup of pathogenic P. aeruginosa strains, a method of differential hybridization of arrayed libraries of cloned DNA fragments was developed. An M13 library of DNA from strain X24509, isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection, was screened using a DNA probe from P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. The genome of PAO1 has been recently sequenced and can be used as a reference for comparisons of genetic organization in different strains. M13 clones that did not react with a DNA probe from PAO1 carried X24509-specific inserts. When a similar array hybridization analysis with DNA probes from different strains was used, a set of M13 clones which carried sequences present in the majority of human P. aeruginosa isolates from a wide range of clinical sources was identified. The inserts of these clones were used to identify cosmids encompassing a contiguous 48.9-kb region of the X24509 chromosome called PAGI-1 (for "P. aeruginosa genomic island 1"). PAGI-1 is incorporated in the X24509 chromosome at a locus that shows a deletion of a 6,729-bp region present in strain PAO1. Survey of the incidence of PAGI-1 revealed that this island is present in 85% of the strains from clinical sources. Approximately half of the PAGI-1-carrying strains show the same deletion as X24509, while the remaining strains contain both the PAGI-1 sequences and the 6,729-bp PAO1 segment. Sequence analysis of PAGI-1 revealed that it contains 51 predicted open reading frames. Several of these genes encoded products with predictable function based on their sequence similarities to known genes, including insertion sequences, determinants of regulatory proteins, a number of dehydrogenase gene homologs, and two for proteins of implicated in detoxification of reactive oxygen species. It is very likely that PAGI-1 was acquired by a large number of P. aeruginosa isolates through horizontal gene transfer. The selection for its maintenance may be the consequence of expression of any one of the genes of unknown function or the genes which allow P. aeruginosa to survive under the conditions that generate reactive oxygen species. Alternatively, one or both of the transcriptional regulators encoded in PAGI-1 may control the expression of genes in the P. aeruginosa chromosome, which provides a selective advantage for strains that have acquired this genomic island.
Quartz optical waveguide by ion implantation (1973)

We have shown single-mode surface optical waveguiding in lithium-ion-implanted fused quartz, and multimode buried waveguiding in argon- and lithium-ion-implanted fused quartz. Guide losses are observed to be of the order of 5 dB for the samples investigated for both species of ions. Described in this letter are the experimental procedures and parameters for ion implantation and the measurements for mode behavior as compared to theoretical models.
Ultrawideband Impulse Radio Signal Generation Using a High-Speed Electrooptic Phase Modulator and a Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Frequency Discriminator (2006)

We propose a novel approach to generating ultrawideband impulse radio signals in the optical domain. The proposed system consists of a laser source, an electrooptic phase modulator (EOPM), a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and a photodetector (PD). The light source is phase modulated by an electrical Gaussian pulse train via the EOPM. The optical phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion is achieved by reflecting the phase modulated light at the slopes of the FBG that serves as a frequency discriminator. Electrical monocycle or doublet pulses are obtained at the output of the PD by locating the wavelength of the optical carrier at the linear or the quadrature slopes of the FBG reflection spectrum. The use of the proposed configuration to implement pulse polarity and pulse shape modulation in the optical domain is discussed. Experimental measurements in both temporal and frequency domains are presented
Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Antigen Concentrations of the Mtb72F/AS02<sub>A</sub>Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Purified Protein Derivative-Negative Adults (2010)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide, making a new TB vaccine an urgent public health priority. Purified protein derivative (PPD)-negative adults (n = 50) were equally randomized to receive 3 doses at 1-month intervals (at 0, 1, and 2 months) of one of the following vaccines: Mtb72F/AS02(A) (10 or 40 μg antigen), Mtb72F/saline (10 or 40 μg antigen), or AS02(A). Mtb72F/AS02(A) recipients received an additional dose 1 year after the first dose to evaluate if the elicited immune response could be boosted. Mtb72F/AS02(A) vaccines were locally reactogenic but clinically well tolerated, with transient adverse events (usually lasting between 1 and 4 days) that resolved without sequelae being observed. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Vaccination with Mtb72F/AS02(A) induced a strong Mtb72F-specific humoral response and a robust Mtb72F-specific CD4(+) T-cell response, both of which persisted at 9 months after primary immunization and for 1 year after the booster immunization. There was no significant difference between the magnitude of the CD4(+) T-cell response induced by the 10-μg and 40-μg Mtb72F/AS02(A) vaccines. The Mtb72F-specific CD4(+) T cells predominantly expressed CD40L; CD40L and interleukin-2 (IL-2); CD40L and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); CD40L, IL-2, and TNF-α; and CD40L, IL-2, TNF-α, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Serum IFN-γ, but not TNF-α, was detected 1 day after doses 2 and 3 for the Mtb72F/AS02(A) vaccine but did not persist. Vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell responses were not detected, and no immune responses were elicited with AS02(A) alone. In conclusion, Mtb72F/AS02(A) is clinically well tolerated and is highly immunogenic in TB-naïve adults. The 10- and 40-μg Mtb72F/AS02(A) vaccines show comparable safety and immunogenicity profiles.
A system for efficient generation of adenovirus protein IX‐producing helper cell lines (2005)

These data demonstrate that lentivirus vectors can be used for the establishment of pIX-complementing helper cell lines.
Process Development of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3(<i>2H</i>)-one by Replacing of the Toxic Materials (2003)

1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one (2) was synthesized by 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid (1) with acetamide or urea in high yield via one-pot amidation-cyclization process.
Teaching Method for Robot’s Gripper Posture with a Laser Sensor on a Pan-tilt Actuator: A Method for Specifying Posture Feature Curves and Posture Feature Point (2019)

Recently a lot of robots have been developed for supporting our daily life or patient care. In order to instruct such a support robot that can work in such cluttered environments, we have conventionally developed an intuitive robot teaching interface using a Time-of-Flight laser sensor on a pan-tilt actuator driven by a user. This interface enables us to control the direction of the laser spot to “click” a real object and instruct a robot to manipulate it by drag-and-drop operation throughout a PC world and a real world. In our conventional system, however, the success rates of grasping object was very low because only the position of the object can be taught, not the orientation of the object. To cope with the problem, in this paper we propose a system to easily grasp an object of arbitrary posture by measuring the locus of the laser spot using our real world click system. Some grasping experiments on various daily objects showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Template-switching during DNA synthesis by<i>Thermus aquaticus</i>DNA polymerase I (1995)

Recombinant DNA molecules are often generated during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) when partially homologous templates are available [e.g., see Pääbo et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 4718-4721]. It has been suggested that these recombinant molecules are a consequence of truncated extension products annealing to partially homologous templates on subsequent PCR cycles. However, we demonstrate here that recombinants can be generated during a single round of primer extension in the absence of subsequent heat denaturation, indicating that template-switching produces some of these recombinant molecules. Two types of template-switches were observed: (i) switches to pre-existing templates and (ii) switches to the complementary nascent strand. Recombination is reduced several fold when the complementary template strands are physically separated by attachment to streptavidin magnetic beads. This result supports the hypothesis that either the polymerase or at least one of the two extending strands switches templates during DNA synthesis and that interaction between the complementary template strands is necessary for efficient template-switching.
[Establishment of a heterologous graft model for human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma in nude mice]. (1999)

A heterologous graft model for human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma is reported in this paper. The grafts derived from an infiltration duct carcinoma of a patient's right breast and her metastatic lymphnode mass were transplanted into the breast pads of nude mice in 1996, and the carcinoma masses were found in breast pads 31 days later. By now, the grafts of carcinoma have been transplanted into nude mice for 15 passages with a full success in 59 mice and with the biological characteristics of the original breast carcinoma. This heterologous graft model was established for the first time in China and the results suggest it be a good model for further research of breast carcinoma.
Differential gene expression in migrating cortical interneurons during mouse forebrain development (2009)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons play a vital role in modulating the activity of the cerebral cortex, and disruptions to their function have been linked to neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and epilepsy. These cells originate in the ganglionic eminences (GE) of the ventral telencephalon and undergo tangential migration to enter the cortex. Currently, little is known about the signaling mechanisms that regulate interneuron migration. We therefore performed a microarray analysis comparing the changes in gene expression between the GABAergic interneurons that are actively migrating into the cortex with those in the GE. We were able to isolate pure populations of GABAergic cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of cortex and GE from embryonic brains of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. Our microarray analysis identified a number of novel genes that were upregulated in migrating cortical interneurons at both E13.5 and E15.5. Many of these genes have previously been shown to play a role in cell migration of both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. In addition, several of the genes identified are involved in the regulation of migratory processes, such as neurite outgrowth, cell adhesion, and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule network. Moreover, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analyses confirmed that the expression of some of these genes is restricted to cortical interneurons. These data therefore provide a framework for future studies aimed at elucidating the complexities of interneuron migration and, in turn, may reveal important genes that are related to the development of specific neurological disorders.