gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolated Systolic Hypertension (1999)

Increased arterial stiffness results in increased characteristic impedance of the aorta and increased pulse wave velocity, which increases systolic and pulse pressures. An association between increased pulse pressure and adverse cardiovascular events has been found in normotensive and hypertensive patient populations. Increased pulse pressure has also been associated with thickening of the carotid intima and media. However, the relationship between pulse pressure and stroke has not previously been evaluated. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that pulse pressure is an independent predictor of stroke in elderly patients with systolic hypertension entered in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Differences in baseline characteristics were examined by tertiles of pulse pressure. The independent prognostic value of pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure for predicting either stroke or total mortality was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models that included pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and other variables that were significant on univariate analysis. This analysis demonstrated an 11% increase in stroke risk and a 16% increase in risk of all-cause mortality for each 10-mm Hg increase in pulse pressure. Each 10-mm Hg increase in mean arterial pressure was independently associated with a 20% increase in the risk of stroke and a 14% increase in the risk of all-cause mortality. These data provide strong evidence of an association of increased conduit vessel stiffness, as indicated by increased pulse pressure, with stroke and total mortality, independent of the effects of mean arterial pressure, in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension.
Simultaneous Bioconversion of Cellulose and Hemicellulose to Ethanol (1998)

Lignocellulosic materials containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as their main constituents are the most abundant renewable organic resource present on Earth. The conversion of both cellulose and hemicellulose for production of fuel ethanol is being studied intensively with a view to develop a technically and economically viable bioprocess. The fermentation of glucose, the main constituent of cellulose hydrolyzate, to ethanol can be carried out efficiently. On the other hand, although bioconversion of xylose, the main pentose sugar obtained on hydrolysis of hemicellulose, to ethanol presents a biochemical challenge, especially if it is present along with glucose, it needs to be fermented to make the biomass-to-ethanol process economical. A lot of attention therefore has been focussed on the utilization of both glucose and xylose to ethanol. Accordingly, while describing the advancements that have taken place to get xylose converted efficiently to ethanol by xylose-fermenting organisms, the review deals mainly with the strategies that have been put forward for bioconversion of both the sugars to achieve high ethanol concentration, yield, and productivity. The approaches, which include the use of (1) xylose-fermenting yeasts alone, (2) xylose isomerase enzyme as well as yeast, (3) immobilized enzymes and cells, and (4) sequential fermentation and co-culture process are described with respect to their underlying concepts and major limitations. Genetic improvements in the cultures have been made either to enlarge the range of substrate utilization or to channel metabolic intermediates specifically toward ethanol. These contributions represent real significant advancements in the field and have also been adequately dealt with from the point of view of their impact on utilization of both cellulose and hemicellulose sugars to ethanol.
Bone biochemical markers for assessment of bone responses to differentiated phosphorus supply in growing-finishing pigs (2018)

Phosphorus (P) is essential for building and maintaining a healthy and strong skeleton. Moreover, dietary P supply may play a role for bone turnover, and the excretion of bone turnover metabolites may be useful as markers for sufficient dietary P supply. The objective was to study the long-term effects of low, medium, and high dietary P supply on bone metabolism in terms of serum concentration and urinary excretion of bone turnover components and metabolites in healthy growing-finishing pigs compared with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of humerus and femur. Pigs were fed diets containing low [LP; 4.1 g/kg dry matter (DM)], medium (MP; 6.2 g/kg DM), or high dietary P (HP; 8.9 g/kg DM) from 39.7 kg body weight (BW) until slaughter at 110 kg BW. Urine and blood were collected at 40, 70, and 110 kg BW while bones were collected at slaughter. Serum was analyzed for osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I), whereas urine was analyzed for pyridinoline (PYD), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), CTX-I, hydroxylysine (HYL), galactosyl-hydroxylysine (GAL-HYL), glycosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine (GLC-GAL-HYL), and hydroxyproline (HYP). Humerus and femur were analyzed for BMC and BMD. The LP diet caused reduced OC and increased BAP and CTX-I concentrations in serum. Furthermore, BAP was increased in response to the HP diet. Urine metabolites of bone resorption were all increased in pigs fed the LP diet, but only a few responses were obtained in response to the HP diet. Furthermore, age-related decreases were identified for BAP, HYL, GAL-HYL, and GLC-GAL-HYL. Bone mineral content and BMD were markedly lowered in pigs fed the LP diet but were not affected in pigs fed the HP diet. In conclusion, OC, BAP, and CTX-I in serum have proved useful for P adequacy in growing-finishing pigs. In addition, urine bone resorption metabolites have also proved useful for P adequacy and analysis of PYD, DPD, and CTX-I was considered to be the most relevant markers due to their specificity for bone and their negative correlation with BMD, BMC, ash, calcium (Ca), and P contents. Finally, DPD may be the preferred marker in long-term P feeding assessments.
Effects of rubber particle cavitation on the yielding of high impact polystyrene (1997)

A pre-damage method was developed to determine whether rubber\nparticle cavitation is responsible for craze initiation, or vice versa.\nTensile tests were carried out on pre-strained high impact polystyrene\n(HIPS) specimens which had been annealed above 100 °C to heal any\ncrazes formed in the PS matrix during pre-straining. Moderate prestraining\nfollowed by annealing was found to reduce the yield stress of\nthe HIPS, but not the post-yield flow stress. These observations are\nrelated to cavitation for the rubber particles, which results in a fibrillar\nstructure within the rubber membranes of a typical "Salami' particle.\nThe reduction in yield stress provides evidence for primary chain\nscission in the rubber phase during yielding: on subsequent loading of\nthe annealed tensile bar, the rubber particle exhibits a reduced\nresistance to cavitation because less energy is required to form a void.\nIt was found in the follow-up pre-straining tests on HIPS blends\nand at different testing temperatures that the critical pre-strain is a\nfunction of rubber content and temperature. Comparable effects are\nseen in creep tests. Small levels of pre-straining have little effect if the\nspecimen is not annealed before reloading. The TEM work also confirms\nrubber particle cavitation as a rate-determining step in the deformation\nof HIPS and supports the view that cavitation precedes crazing. A\nmodified cavitation model is proposed to account for the deformation of\na cavitated particle under tension. The predictions of this model agree\nwith the experiments that the resistance of the particle is weakened by\ncavitation and crazes could initiate at the lower tension. The technique\nof pre-straining and annealing specimens, before submitting them to\nconventional tensile tests, provides valuable insight into the\nmechanisms and kinetics of toughening.
WOUND HEALING AND COLLAGEN FORMATION (1961)

The regular sequence encountered in healing guinea pig skin wounds has been examined by methods of light and electron microscopy. Observations on cell populations, their fine structure, and fibril formation in the connective tissue have been made. Linear incisions in the skin of normal female guinea pigs weighing 300 to 350 grams were allowed to heal. The wounds were then excised, fixed with buffered 2 per cent osmium tetroxide, and postfixed in neutral buffered formalin, at 16 and 24 hours and at 3, 5, 9, and 14 days after wounding. They were then embedded in epoxy resin. In the inflammatory phase the exudate observed in the early wounds consists largely of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes, macrophages, fibrin, and free extracellular organelles from the disrupted inflammatory cells. These organelles later appear in vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. Fibroblasts first appear at 24 hours, and show extensive development and dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, which sometimes contains moderately dense flocculent material. In addition, these fibroblasts have enlarged mitochondria and condensations of filamentous material within the cytoplasm near the cell surface. Occasional myelin figures and moderately dense, 0.5 to 1.0 micron bodies are found within the cytoplasm of the early fibroblasts. Collagen fibrils are first seen at 3 days extracellularly near the cell surfaces. They appear at the later times in two populations of sizes. With increasing wound age the fibroblasts retain their morphology and the wounds decrease in cellularity concomitantly with the formation of increasing amounts of collagen. Several proposed mechanisms of collagen fibril formation are discussed in relation to the observed phenomena. The problem of correlating fibril diameter with the appearance of the periodic structure of collagen in relation to the minimal size fibril which would be anticipated to display this appearance is discussed.
Can Code Polymorphism Limit Information Leakage (2011)

Abstract. In addition to its usual complexity assumptions, cryptography silently assumes that information can be physically protected in a single location. As one can easily imagine, real-life devices are not ideal and information may leak through different physical side-channels. It is a known fact that information leakage is a function of both the executed code F and its input x. In this work we explore the use of polymorphic code as a way of resisting side channel attacks. We present experimental results with procedural and functional languages. In each case we rewrite the protected code code Fi before its execution. The outcome is a genealogy of programs F0, F1,... such that for all inputs x and for all indexes i = j ⇒ Fi(x) = Fj(x) and Fi = Fj. This is shown to increase resistance to side channel attacks. 1
Patch‐clamp Analysis of Synaptic Transmission to Cerebellar Purkinje Cells of Prion Protein Knockout Mice (1995)

The prion protein (PrP) plays a pivotal role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in animals. Previous experiments have suggested that the normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) is involved in synaptic function in the hippocampus. Here, we utilized the controlled recording conditions of the patch-clamp technique to investigate the synaptic function of prion protein in cerebellar Purkinje cells. By performing whole-cell and outside-out patch-clamp experiments in thin slices, we investigated synaptic transmission in prion protein knockout mice (PrP-null) and control animals. In PrP-null mice, the kinetics of GABA- and glutamate receptor-mediated currents showed no significant deviation from those in control animals. In contrast to previous results in hippocampal neurons, our findings support the view that synaptic transmission is unimpaired in prion protein-deficient mice.
Glycosylation patterns of mucins in colonic disease (1995)

Conference Article| November 01 1995 Glycosylation patterns of mucins in colonic disease A. P. Corfield; A. P. Corfield *Department of Medicine Laboratories, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N. Myerscough; N. Myerscough *Department of Medicine Laboratories, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Gough; M. Gough *Department of Medicine Laboratories, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar I. Brockhausen; I. Brockhausen †Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. Schauer; R. Schauer ‡Biochemistry Department, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G IX8, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. Paraskeva C. Paraskeva §Biochemisches Institut II, Universität Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1995) 23 (4): 840–845. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0230840 Article history Received: June 19 1995 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. P. Corfield, N. Myerscough, M. Gough, I. Brockhausen, R. Schauer, C. Paraskeva; Glycosylation patterns of mucins in colonic disease. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1995; 23 (4): 840–845. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0230840 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Synthesis and Antiallergic Activity of Dimethyl-2-(phenylcarbamoyl)ethylsulfonium<i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonate Derivatives (1998)

The derivatives of dimethyl-2-(phenylcarbamoyl)ethylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonates were synthesized and evaluated for antiallergic activity. The 2,3-dihydroxyethoxy group was introduced to the phenyl ring from the standpoint of lipophilicity and electronic effects of substituent. The IgE-induced rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was inhibited by oral administration of several substituted 2-[(4-propoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]ethyldimethylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate derivatives. Among them (+/-)-2-[N-[4-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]carbamoyl]ethyldimeth ylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate (1a, IPD-1151T) was found to possess considerable activity in the PCA test, and it was launched as Suplatast tosilate in Japan.
Cellular Immunotherapy of Cancer (2010)

Standard therapies for many common cancers remain toxic and are often ineffective. Cellular immunotherapy has the potential to be a highly targeted alternative, with low toxicity to normal tissues but a high capacity to eradicate tumor. In this chapter we describe approaches that generate cellular therapies using active immunization with cells, proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids, as well as efforts that use adoptive transfer of effector cells that directly target antigens on malignant cells. Many of these approaches are proving successful in hematologic malignancy and in melanoma. In this chapter we discuss the advantages and limitations of each and how over the next decade investigators will attempt to broaden their reach, increase their efficacy, and simplify their application.
Fiber optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification in the femtosecond regime (2006)

We study parametric amplification in optical fibers for chirped-pulse femtosecond laser systems. Compared to conventional OPCPA operating in bulk crystals, the fiber geometry offers a greater interaction length and spatial confinement, an increased flexibility in the choice of wavelengths for signal and pump beams, and the robustness of fiber setups. As opposed to rare-earth doped fibers, parametric amplifiers potentially provide wideband amplification in arbitrary regions of the spectrum. Numerical simulations are undertaken as a proof of principle for a picosecond 1064 nm pump and femtosecond 1025 nm signal. Guidelines for phase matching engineering are given, and limitations in spectral bandwidth and achievable pulse energy are discussed.
Loss of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 4 (MAP3K4) Reveals a Requirement for MAPK Signalling in Mouse Sex Determination (2009)

Sex determination in mammals is controlled by the presence or absence of the Y-linked gene SRY. In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9, a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. Despite the requirement for a number of transcription factors and secreted signalling molecules in sex determination, intracellular signalling components functioning in this process have not been defined. Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified the recessive boygirl (byg) mutation. On the C57BL/6J background, embryos homozygous for byg exhibit consistent XY gonadal sex reversal. The byg mutation is an A to T transversion causing a premature stop codon in the gene encoding MAP3K4 (also known as MEKK4), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. Finally, we provide evidence that haploinsufficiency for Map3k4 accounts for T-associated sex reversal (Tas). These data demonstrate that MAP3K4-dependent signalling events are required for normal expression of Sry during testis development, and create a novel entry point into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex determination in mice and disorders of sexual development in humans.
Circulating concentrations of soluble granzyme A and B increase during natural and experimental <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infections (2003)

SUMMARY Release of soluble Granzymes (sGranzymes) is considered to reflect activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. sGranzymes and a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma of malaria patients with natural or experimentally induced Plasmodium falciparum infections. Concentrations of sGranzyme A and B, IL-10, IL-12p70 and CRP were significantly increased in African children presenting with clinical malaria; IL-10 and CRP concentrations were significantly correlated with disease severity. In nonimmune Dutch volunteers which were experimentally infected by P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes, sGranzyme A increment started 1–2 days prior to clinical symptoms and microscopically detectable parasitaemia. This coincided with increases in IFNγ, IL-12p40 and IL-8, while sGranzyme B and IL-10 levels increased 24–48 h later. The elevation of sGranzyme A and IFNγ in nonimmune volunteers suggests that NK cells are activated upon release of parasites by infected liver cells and subsequently during blood stage infection; thus, NK cells are likely involved innate immune human host resistance in the early phase of a malaria infection.
Control of Distributed Generation Systems— Part II: Load Sharing Control (2004)

This work is concerned with the control strategy for the parallel operation of distributed generation systems (DGS) in a standalone ac power supply. The proposed control method uses only low-bandwidth data communication signals between each generation system in addition to the locally measurable feedback signals. This is achieved by combining two control methods: droop control method and average power control method. The average power method with slow update rate is used in order to overcome the sensitivity about voltage and current measurement errors. In addition, a harmonic droop scheme for sharing harmonic content of the load currents is proposed based on the voltages and currents control algorithm. Experimental and simulation studies using two parallel three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverters are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Apoptosis and melanogenesis in human melanoma cells induced by anthrax lethal factor inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (2002)

Lethal factor, the principal virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling by proteolytically cleaving MAPK kinases. Edema factor, another component of anthrax toxin, is an adenylate cyclase, which increases intracellular cAMP. Inhibition of MAPK signaling with either anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) or small molecule MAPK kinase inhibitors triggers apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Normal melanocytes do not undergo apoptosis in response to MAPK inhibition but arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Importantly, in vivo treatment of human melanoma xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice with LeTx results in significant or complete tumor regression without apparent side effects, suggesting that inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway may be a useful strategy for treating melanoma. Additionally, interrupting MAPK signaling with LeTx and elevating cAMP with anthrax edema toxin in both melanoma cells and melanocytes lead to dramatic melanin production, perhaps explaining the formation of blackened eschars in cutaneous anthrax.
Domains in microbial β-1,4-glycanases : sequence conservation, function and enzyme families (1991)

International audience
Preparation of polyacrylate‐clay nanocomposites by in‐situ polymerization and heterocoagulation (2006)

Abstract Polyacrylate‐clay nanocomposites were prepared by an in situ polymerization method followed by heterocoagulation. In the heterocoagulation method, a cationic polyacrylate emulsion was prepared by emulsion polymerization using a cationic initiator in the presence/absence of free surfactant, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTABr), followed by mixing with an aqueous clay slurry. WAXD results and TEM images suggest that morphologies of these nanocomposites depend on preparation method, mixing method, and the amount of free surfactant. TG‐DTG analyses demonstrate the improvement in thermal stability of these nanocomposites, while DSC results indicate no significant changes in glass transition temperature of these nanocomposites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3850–3855, 2006