gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Azabicyclic alcohols. VI. Azabicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-3-ol epimers (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzabicyclic alcohols. VI. Azabicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-3-ol epimersDouglas O. Spry and Herbert S. AaronCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 11, 3674–3676Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01263a118https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01263a118research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intrinsically active variants of all human p38 isoforms (2007)

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are activated in response to various extracellular signals in eukaryotic cells and play a critical role in the cellular responses to these signals. The four mammalian isoforms (p38alpha, p38beta, p38gamma, and p38delta) are coexpressed and coactivated in the same cells. The exact role of each p38 isoform has not been entirely identified, in part due to the inability to activate each member individually. This could be resolved by the use of intrinsically active mutants. Based on previous studies on yeast p38/Hog1 [Bell M, Capone R, Pashtan I, Levitzki A & Engelberg D (2001) J Biol Chem276, 25351-2538] and human p38alpha[Diskin R, Askari N, Capone R, Engelberg D & Livnah O (2004) J Biol Chem279, 47040-47049] we have generated intrinsically active p38beta, p38gamma and p38delta mutants. In addition, we have identified a new activating mutation site in p38alpha. Most of the activating mutations are located in the L16 loop, in which conformational changes were shown to induce activation. We show that these changes impose substantial autophosphorylation activity, providing a mechanistic explanation for the intrinsic activity of the mutants. The new active variants maintain specificity towards substrates and inhibitors similar to that of the parental wild-type proteins, and are phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6, their upstream activator. Thus, we have completed the development of a series of intrinsically active mutants of all p38 isoforms. These active variants could now become powerful tools for the elucidating the activation mechanism and specific biological roles of each p38 isoform.
Resected cases of hepatocellular carcinoma detected after interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. (2001)

Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma must be performed even in patients successfully treated with interferon because occult carcinoma may have developed before or during the therapy.
Shape optimization for high quality factor flexural mechanical resonators operated in air (2016)

Resonator based sensing devices operated within a fluid medium often require maximal quality factors in order to enhance their performances. We present a tuning fork shape optimization based on an analytical approach, and identify the geometry with the lowest possible losses. We also report on the fabrication of a homemade tuning fork based on this optimization process, and experimental measurements show a quality factor of Q = 40800 in air at atmospheric pressure.
Successful therapy of hepatitis B with tenofovir in HIV-infected patients failing previous adefovir and lamivudine treatment (2004)

Three HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis B (genotype A) were switched to adefovir therapy after unsuccessful lamivudine treatment. Surprisingly, adefovir therapy failed, although none of the virus isolates displayed mutations known to be associated with adefovir resistance (A181V, N236T). In two isolates we identified hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase mutation L217R, in one case we found multiple frameshifts in the same region. In all cases adefovir was replaced by tenofovir, resulting in a significant drop in the viral load.
Yb‐DTPA, a novel contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging: Application to rat kidney (1991)

We have developed a novel contrast agent, ytterbium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Yb-DTPA), for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its mechanism of action is predominantly by the susceptibility mechanism. We have applied this contrast agent for renal MRI studies. We also demonstrate that Yb-DTPA has a renal clearance similar to that of inulin in rats and may therefore be useful for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate.
The eduSource Communication Language (2004)

Interoperability is one of the main issues in creating a networked system of repositories The approaches range from simply forcing one metadata standard on all participating repositories to highly sophisticated semantic web based architectures with full semantic mapping capabilities between different schemas. The eduSource project in its holistic approach to building a network of learning object repositories in Canada is implementing an open network for learning services. Its openness is supported by an eduSource Communication Protocol (ECL) which closely implements the IMS Digital Repository Interoperability (DRI) specification and architecture, and by connection middleware that enables any service providers to join the network. EduSource is open to external initiatives as it explicitly supports an extensible bridging mechanism between eduSource and other major initiatives. This paper focuses on the design of ECL as an implementation of IMS DRI and supporting infrastructure and middleware. We also present two applications used in evaluating our approach: a gateway for connecting between eduSource and the NSDL initiative, and a federated search connecting eduSource, EdNA and SMETE.
<i>In vivo</i> percutaneous absorption studies of volatile solvents in hairless mice. I. Description of a skin‐depot (1986)

A stainless-steel skin-depot is discussed that may be used during short-term studies to measure directly percutaneous absorption of radiolabeled, volatile chemicals through the skin of unanesthetized, unrestrained hairless mice. The skin-depot is glued to the backs of the mice using cyanoacrylate glue. The top portion of the depot contains activated charcoal (or other sorbent) to capture for analysis the portion of the test chemical which normally evaporates from the treatment site. This allows the use of metabolism cages for the capture of expired breath, as well as urine and feces. Thus, dermal absorption of the test chemical can be summed directly from the radioactivity found in excreta (urine and feces), the animal carcass (including the skin treatment site) and expired breath.
On Applying the Prognostic Performance Metrics (2009)

Prognostics performance evaluation has gained significant attention in the past few years. As prognostics technology matures and more sophisticated methods for prognostic uncertainty management are developed, a standardized methodology for performance evaluation becomes extremely important to guide improvement efforts in a constructive manner. This paper is in continuation of previous efforts where several new evaluation metrics tailored for prognostics were introduced and were shown to effectively evaluate various algorithms as compared to other conventional metrics. Specifically, this paper presents a detailed discussion on how these metrics should be interpreted and used. Several shortcomings identified, while applying these metrics to a variety of real applications, are also summarized along with discussions that attempt to alleviate these problems. Further, these metrics have been enhanced to include the capability of incorporating probability distribution information from prognostic algorithms as opposed to evaluation based on point estimates only. Several methods have been suggested and guidelines have been provided to help choose one method over another based on probability distribution characteristics. These approaches also offer a convenient and intuitive visualization of algorithm performance with respect to some of these new metrics like prognostic horizon and alpha-lambda performance, and also quantify the corresponding performance while incorporating the uncertainty information.
The Computation of Binocular Edges (1980)

A computational model is described which effects the binocular combination of monocular edge information. The distinctive features of the model are: (i) it identifies edge locations in each monocular field by searching for zero crossings in nonorientated centre-surround convolution profiles; (ii) it selects amongst all possible binocular point-for-point combinations of edge locations only those which satisfy a (quasi-)collinear figural grouping rule; (iii) it presents a concept of the orientated and spatial-frequency-tuned channel as a nonlinear grouping operator. The success of the model is demonstrated both on a stereo pair of a natural scene and on a random-dot stereogram.
Measurement and Modeling for the Two Dimensional MTF of Human Eye and Its Application for Digital Color Reproduction (2001)

MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) is useful to characterize the response of a linear imaging system, namely MTFs of the imaging systems and human eye determine the overall sharpness quality. Therefore various merits used MTF have been proposed and applied for evaluation of image quality. However, almost merit used MTF is not considered anisotropy properties of imaging system and human eye response.In this paper, dependence of the directivity of contrast sensitivity of human eye in various luminance, RGB color space and opponent color space is measured and analyzed. On the basis of those measured contrast sensitivities, two-dimensional MTF model of human eye is proposed and applied to designing and evaluate digital imaging system such as CCD array and digital color reproduction.
Decline of Cane Toad, Bufo-Marinus, Populations - Status of Urban Toads (1986)

Cane toads from an urban population in Townsville, Qld, exhibit poor body condition and small body size, as do toads in populations around Townsville which have declined in numbers. The small body size and poor condition are associated with a high food intake and a low rate of parasitism. The results suggest that decline of rural populations is not a product of parasitism, or food and or water shortages related to unusually adverse seasonal conditions. Populations of cane toads around Townsville declined more than 3 years before this study.
Multiword list items (1964)

The list concept as originally proposed by Newell, Simon and Shaw specified single computer words as elements of a list. This report describes the use of two or more consecutive words as one element. Such use results in a considerable saving in both the space required to hold a given amount of data, and in the execution time required to perform a given process on the data.Following a brief description of standard list structures with single-word items, the multiword items are introduced. Then variable-length items are described, along with the corresponding space-utilization problems. Finally, several examples are given to illustrate the use of multiword lists.This paper attempts to draw together various recent papers which have applied some of these concepts in different ways, and indicate how they relate to the more general problem.
Brazil: Novas Tecnologias, Telemática e os Direitos Autorais (2003)

A pesar da grande consideracao que os gregos tinham pela producao intelectual, a Antiguidade nao reservou importância para os direitos de autor, em comparacao com o que assistimos hoje em dia. Como lembra Eliseu F. da Mota Jr., examinando e realizando um confronto com outros ramos do direito, a protecao legal a criacao intelectual e conquista muito recente.
Adaptive Generation in Dialogue Systems Using Dynamic User Modeling (2014)

We address the problem of dynamically modeling and adapting to unknown users in resource-scarce domains in the context of interactive spoken dialogue systems. As an example, we show how a system can learn to choose referring expressions to refer to domain entities for users with different levels of domain expertise, and whose domain knowledge is initially unknown to the system. We approach this problem using a three step process: collecting data using a Wizard-of-Oz method, building simulated users, and learning to model and adapt to users using Reinforcement Learning techniques. We show that by using only a small corpus of non-adaptive dialogues and user knowledge profiles it is possible to learn an adaptive user modeling policy using a sense-predict-adapt approach. Our evaluation results show that the learned user modeling and adaptation strategies performed better in terms of adaptation than some simple hand-coded baseline policies, with both simulated and real users. With real users, the learned policy produced around a 20% increase in adaptation in comparison to an adaptive hand-coded baseline. We also show that adaptation to users' domain knowledge results in improving task success (99.47% for the learned policy vs. 84.7% for a hand-coded baseline) and reducing dialogue time of the conversation (11% relative difference). We also compared the learned policy to a variety of carefully hand-crafted adaptive policies that employ the user knowledge profiles to adapt their choices of referring expressions throughout a conversation. We show that the learned policy generalises better to unseen user profiles than these hand-coded policies, while having comparable performance on known user profiles. We discuss the overall advantages of this method and how it can be extended to other levels of adaptation such as content selection and dialogue management, and to other domains where adapting to users' domain knowledge is useful, such as travel and healthcare.
ZnO:Al based transparent thin film transistors (2008)

In this work, the transparent thin film transistors (TTFTs) with slightly Al-doped ZnO films as the channel layers were fabricated by a magnetron radio frequency co-sputtering system. The performances of the TTFTs with various thicknesses of the channel layers were characterized. When the thickness of the channel layer was 25 nm, the field-effect carrier mobility and the on/off current ratio of the TTFTs were as high as 32.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> , respectively. The DC characteristics of the ZnO:Al based TTFTs at different temperatures were also measured, showing a reasonable thermal stability.
Social contact and other-race face processing in the human brain (2007)

The present study investigated the influence social factors upon the neural processing of faces of other races using event-related potentials. A multi-tiered approach was used to identify face-specific stages of processing, to test for effects of race-of-face upon processing at these stages and to evaluate the impact of social contact and individuating experience upon these effects. The results showed that race-of-face has significant effects upon face processing, starting from early perceptual stages of structural encoding, and that social factors may play an important role in mediating these effects.
Sirolimus-Eluting Stents to Abolish Intimal Hyperplasia and Improve Flow in Porcine Arteriovenous Grafts (2005)

SESs in the venous outflow of AV grafts significantly reduce IH and increase vessel diameter and graft flow compared with unstented grafts. These findings suggest that SESs have the potential to improve primary patency of AV grafts in hemodialysis patients.
Automated Detection and Quantification of Prostate Cancer in Needle Biopsies by Digital Image Analysis (2014)

Introduction: Triple immunohistochemical (IHC) stains including antibodies specific for alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase and basal cell markers have been a valuable aid in accurate identification of prostate carcinoma. However, accurate quantification of minuscule areas of prostate carcinoma in biopsy specimens can often be a challenge. Here we assessed the diagnostic value and quantitative use of automated digital image analysis on triple IHC stained prostate needle biopsies. Methods: Twelve cases of prostate needle biopsy material including 75 needle cores were stained with triple-antibody cocktail (P504S + 34βE12 + p63). Slides were digitally scanned with the APERIO digital image analyzer and evaluated with the GENIE pattern and color recognition digital image analysis that we developed. A slide with known areas of adenocarcinoma, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign glands and stroma was used as a training set for the automated digital image analysis platform. Results: Among 75 needle biopsy cores, 19 (25.33%) contained adenocarcinoma by histology. Digital image analysis recognized adenocarcinoma in 95% of these needle biopsies. The average area of the needle biopsy was 7.63 mm2 and overall the average area of tumor was 0.196 mm2. The smallest area of tumor recognized by the program was 0.0022 mm2 (0.0363% of the core) and the largest was 0.62 mm2 (8.17% of the core) among needle core biopsies. False positives resulted from areas of high grade PIN with patchy basal cells. The false negative was caused by uneven AMACR staining in one area of adenocarcinoma. Digital recognition of areas of interest was improved by three successive image analysis training which increased the sensitivity and specificity from 83% and 89% to 90% and 93%, respectively. Conclusions: Digital image analysis in concert with IHC triple staining may be useful for accurate detection and quantitative analysis of small foci of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Defining methods to increase the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative automated digital image analysis will likely evolve as an area of investigation. Future automated digital scanning and innovative pattern and color recognition technologies may open avenues for classifying a variety of prostate lesions.
A Three-Component Image Model Based on Human Visual Perception and Its Applications in Image Coding and Processing (1992)

In this work, results of psychovisual studies of the human visual system are discussed and interpreted in a mathematical framework. the formation of the perception is described by appropriate minimization problems and the edge information is found to be of primary importance in the visual perception. Having introduced the concept of edge strength, it is demonstrated that strong edges are of higher perceptual importance than weaker edges (textures). We have also found that smooth areas of an image influence the human visual perception together with the edge information, and that this influence can be mathematically described via a minimization problem. Based on this study, we have proposed to decompose the image into three components: (i) primary, (ii) smooth and (iii) texture, which contain, respectively, the strong edges, the background and the textures. An algorithm is developed to generate the three-component images model.<P>Then, the use of this perceptually-motivated image model in the context of image compression is investigated. The primary component is encoded separately by encoding the intensity and geometric information of the strong edge brim contours. Two alternatives for coding the smooth and texture components are studied: Entropy-coded adaptive DCT and entropy-coded subband coding. It is shown via extensive simulations that the proposed schemes, which can be thought of as a hybrid of waveform coding and feature-based coding techniques, result in both subjective and objective performance improvements over several other image coding schemes and, in particular, over the JPEG continuous-tone image compression standard. These improvements are especially noticeable at low bit rates. Furthermore, it is shown that a perceptual tuning based on the contrast-sensitivity of the human visual system can be used in the DCT-based scheme, which in conjunction with the three-component model, leads to additional subjective performance improvements.<P>Finally, a scheme for structurally representing planar curves is developed based on the ideas for the three-component image model. This scheme does not have the ambiguity problem associated with the scale-space-based schemes.
Proteomic Analysis of Human Blood Serum Using Peptide Library Beads (2007)

Human serum is thought to contain key information for diagnostics of human disease. However, no single technology is currently nor might ever be available to cope with the complexity and dynamic range of the serum proteome. We here report a large-scale proteomic study of human blood serum using peptide library beads and mass spectrometry. Serum proteins are adsorbed onto polymeric beads coated with a combinatorial library composed of millions of hexameric peptide baits. Analysis of the eluates from this combinatorial library (as obtained with 3 eluants of different strength, able to release 99% of the retentate) via liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of 1559 proteins or 3869 proteins, respectively, depending on how 95% confidence was estimated. In either case, the analysis showed that ligand beads are able to capture a large number of proteins in a single operation. The ligand bead bound fraction appeared to have a lower dynamic range when compared to the starting material, due to a "normalization" of the protein concentrations in the original mixture. We find that extensive information on the protein composition of complex samples such as serum can be obtained using ligand beads and that these beads enrich the proteomic tool box.
Moisture measurement: a new method for monitoring freeze-drying cycles. (1994)

Quality of the final product largely depends on the freeze-drying process. In turn this largely depends on an adequate control of the amount of residual moisture after freeze-drying. Measuring this amount in the chamber of the freeze-dryer to determine the end point of sublimation and the end point of secondary drying provides a reliable control with regard to the methods traditionally used (for example rapid increase in product temperature). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the benefits and disadvantages of the different methods recommended for the monitoring of a freeze-drying cycle. Two systems for the measurement of the moisture in the freeze dryer are evaluated here: the Pirani vacuum gauge, and the moisture sensor. The moisture sensor appears to be the most sensitive and reliable way of determining both the end of sublimation and the end of secondary drying of the full load batch when placed on a freeze-dryer. The immediate benefit for the industry is to allow to scale-up without the risks of under or over estimating the freeze-drying cycle.
Efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation depends on cytogenetic risk for acute myeloid leukemia in first disease remission (2005)

These findings suggested that the efficacy of allo-HSCT for patients with AML in CR1 depended on cytogenetic risk. The beneficial effect of allo-HSCT was yielded for the poor risk group, and probably for the intermediate risk groups, but was absent for the favorable risk group.