gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutagenic activity of topoisomerase I inhibitors (1995)

Topoisomerase I-directed agents are now in Phase I and II clinical trials and show great promise as potentially important agents for cancer chemotherapy. Because of their mechanism of action they may also be potential mutagens; however, their mutagenicity and oncogenicity still remain to be elucidated. We have previously shown that VP-16, a topoisomerase II-directed agent, induces sister chromatid exchanges and gene deletions and/or rearrangements in vitro. These observations may account for both the cytotoxic effects of topoisomerase II-directed agents as well as their recently reported leukemonogenic potential. To evaluate the potential mutagenicity of topoisomerase I-directed drugs, we measured mutant frequencies at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase locus of the V79 Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line treated with the topoisomerase I-directed drugs camptothecin and topotecan, and compared these results with mutant frequency obtained with the topoisomerase II-directed drug VP-16 and an alkylating agent, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). All of these drugs showed a dose-dependent increase in mutant frequency at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase locus. At a dose producing approximately 30% survival, VP-16, camptothecin, and topotecan induced mutant frequencies of 11.3 x 10(-6), 4.9 x 10(-6), and 2.7 x 10(-6), respectively, whereas the spontaneous mutant frequency at this locus was 0.3 x 10(-6). In contrast, the alkylating agent MNNG produced a mutant frequency of 562 x 10(-6) at 26% survival dose. The molar mutagenic potencies, expressed as mutant frequency/mol-h exposure, for VP-16, camptothecin, topotecan, and MNNG at approximately 30% survival dose were 0.9, 8.2, 2.3, and 56.8, respectively. On Southern blot analysis after EcoRI, PstI, or HindIII digestion, 6 of 12 independent thioguanine-resistant mutants induced by topotecan showed gene deletions or rearrangements. In contrast, five of five independent spontaneous mutants and six of six independent mutants induced by MNNG demonstrated the same restriction pattern as the parental V79 cells. These results indicate that the mutant frequency and the mutagenic potential of topoisomerase I and II active agents are quantitatively similar. The results further demonstrate that topoisomerase I and II active agents introduce mutations characterized by gene deletions and rearrangements, whereas spontaneous mutations and those induced by alkylating agents appeared to be more characteristically associated with point mutations. Thus, clinical use of the topoisomerase I and II active agents is expected to cause similar mutagenic effects that could potentially lead to secondary malignancies.
Billboard clouds for extreme model simplification (2003)

We introduce billboard clouds -- a new approach for extreme simplification in the context of real-time rendering. 3D models are simplified onto a set of planes with texture and transparency maps. We present an optimization approach to build a billboard cloud given a geometric error threshold. After computing an appropriate density function in plane space, a greedy approach is used to select suitable representative planes. A good surface approximation is ensured by favoring planes that are "nearly tangent" to the model. This method does not require connectivity information, but instead avoids cracks by projecting primitives onto multiple planes when needed. For extreme simplification, our approach combines the strengths of mesh decimation and image-based impostors. We demonstrate our technique on a large class of models, including smooth manifolds and composite objects.
Solitary osteochondroma of the foot: an in-depth study with case reports. (1984)

Osteochondroma represents the most common benign bone tumor and occurs most frequently in the proximal humerus, tibia, and distal femur. The bones of the foot, by comparison, are less commonly involved. The tumor appears to be a developmental defect of bone preformed in cartilage rather than a true neoplasm. However, on rare occasions it may undergo chondrosarcomatous degeneration, thus demonstrating neoplastic behavior. A review of the literature, including clinical features of osteochondroma, radiologic and histologic characteristics, and theories on pathogenesis, is presented. Information concerning principles of surgical treatment, techniques of diagnosis, and facts to aid in the differential diagnosis of osteochondroma is presented also. Finally, a series of case reports is presented to demonstrate the surgical treatment of osteochondroma of the foot. Included are three cases of phalangeal osteochondroma, one of metatarsal osteochondroma, and an unusual report of osteochondroma of the talus. A case report and discussion of a patient with juxtacortical circumscripta myositis ossificans of the foot is also presented to demonstrate how information on lesions included in the differential of osteochondroma can be utilized clinically to make the diagnosis.
Characterization and Regulation of Bv8 in Human Blood Cells (2009)

These results provide the basis for further investigation of the pathophysiologic role of Bv8 in human tumors and inflammatory disorders and, potentially, for therapeutic application of Bv8 inhibitors.
Design study of an advanced gas generator (1993)

A gas generator which can be ignited reliably during the initial start-up period and offers fairly uniform gas temperature at the exit was studied numerically. Various sizes and shapes of the mixing enhancement devices and their positions were examined to evaluate the uniformity of the exit gas temperature and the change of internal pressure drop incurred by introducing the mixing enhancement devices. By introducing a turbulence ring and a splash plate with an appropriate size and position, it was possible to obtain fairly uniform gas temperature distributions and a maximum gas temperature that is within the design limit temperature of 1600 R at the generator exit. However, with the geometry studied, the pressure drop across the generator was great, approximately 1150 psi, to satisfy the assigned design limit temperature. If the design limit temperature is increased to 1650 R, the pressure drop across the generator could be lowered by as much as 350 psi.
Hardware implementation of MPEG analysis and deblocking for video enhancement (2009)

In this work, we develop an architecture to implement a deblocking filter to improve the quality of video decoded from MPEG. The filter is controlled by the quantization scale parameter, which is derived from the decoded stream based on a novel algorithm. The hardware implementation is targeting an FPGA device similar to those currently used in post-processing units of high end flat panel TV sets. The designed filter shows good performance in terms of robust signal-to-noise ratio and its implementation meets the area and frequency constraints.
The Generation of CD25+CD4+ Regulatory T Cells That Prevent Allograft Rejection Does Not Compromise Immunity to a Viral Pathogen (2005)

In all but a small minority of cases, continued survival of solid organ grafts after transplantation depends on lifelong, nonselective immunosuppression that, although effective, results in increased rates of infection, cancer, and vascular disease. Therapeutic strategies that engage or mimic self-tolerance may allow prolonged allograft survival without the disadvantages of nonspecific immunotherapy. Pretreatment of recipient mice with donor alloantigen combined with transient modulation of the peripheral T cell pool with anti-CD4 Ab leads to the indefinite survival of MHC-incompatible cardiac allografts without further therapy. Tolerance is dependent on CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells that arise from naive CD25- precursors and regulate rejection via both IL-10 and CTLA-4. Although these cells are clearly effective at controlling rejection, the proven ability of recently activated CD25+ cells to mediate bystander regulation raises the possibility that tolerized individuals might also have a reduced capacity to respond to environmental pathogens. We have examined anti-influenza responses in tolerized primary heart recipients, secondary recipients following adoptive transfer of regulatory populations, and tolerized mice in which bystander regulation has been deliberately induced. Neither virus-specific CTL activity in vitro nor the clearance of virus in vivo was significantly diminished in any of these treatment groups compared with infected unmanipulated controls. The data suggest that the induction of dominant allograft tolerance dependent on regulatory T cells does not necessarily result in attenuated responses to pathogens providing further support for the development of tolerance induction protocols in clinical transplantation.
Vapor-Phase Carbonylation of Methanol over Tin-on-Active Carbon Catalysts (1990)

Abstract It was found that a number of metals or metal oxides showed catalytic activities for the vapor-phase carbonylation of methanol in the presence of methyl iodide (CH3I) promoter under the conditions of 250°C and 10 atm (1 atm=1.01325×105 Pa), when they were supported on active carbon. Particularly, tin and lead showed high activities. The catalytic activity of the metallic tin increased with the process time over 5 h while that of the unreduced tin catalyst increased for more than 10 h to reach the same level. The catalytic performances of the tin on active carbon were similar to those of the nickel on active carbon which have been already reported. It was suggested that the active species of the tin catalyst was some kind of metal compounds which was highly dispersed on active carbon and was able to be incorporated in the redox cycle.
Re-examining Probabilistic Versus Deterministic Key Management (2007)

It is widely believed that although being more complex, a probabilistic key predistribution scheme is much more resilient against node capture than a deterministic one in lightweight wireless ad hoc networks. Backed up by the surprisingly large successful attack probabilities computed in this paper, we show that the probabilistic approaches have only limited performance advantages over deterministic approaches. We first consider a static network scenario as originally considered in the seminal paper by Eschenauer and Gligor [1], where any node capture happens after the establishment of all pairwise links, and show that the deterministic approach can achieve a performance as good as the probabilistic one. Furthermore in a mobile network, the probabilistic key management as described in [1] can lead to a successful attack probability of one order of magnitude larger than the one in a static network.
Iron deficiency in patients with dialysis-associated anemia during erythropoietin replacement therapy: strategies for assessment and management. (1989)

Iron deficiency frequently complicates both acute and chronic phases of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO; EPOGEN [epoetin alfa], AMGEN Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA) therapy for dialysis-associated anemia. During acute correction of anemia, iron needed for new hemoglobin production may outstrip available body iron stores. During maintenance r-HuEPO therapy, blood lost both through the dialysis process and the uremic predisposition to gastrointestinal bleeding promotes ongoing negative iron balance. Failure to recognize and treat iron deficiency may lead to impaired efficacy of r-HuEPO in the anemic patient by converting the anemia associated with chronic renal failure to the anemia associated with iron deficiency. The risk of iron deficiency is assessed by weighing available iron stores, as reflected by the level of serum ferritin, against anticipated iron needs for new hemoglobin synthesis, as measured by the difference between the current and target hemoglobin. Using this approach, body iron reserves can be determined, iron deficits predicted, and appropriate iron replacement therapy planned. Once patients are identified as being at risk for iron deficiency, they are treated prophylactically with oral iron supplements. Parenteral iron therapy is reserved for those at greatest risk for iron deficiency during acute r-HuEPO treatment and those intolerant or unresponsive to oral iron supplements during chronic r-HuEPO treatment. Although no dose-response relationship has been observed in the restoration of iron balance with oral iron supplements, those taking supplements show distinctly higher projected iron stores and daily iron balance than those not given supplements.
Solid phase peptide synthesis. Effect of trifluoroacetic acid concentration on the removal of the tert-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid phase peptide synthesis. Effect of trifluoroacetic acid concentration on the removal of the tert-butyloxycarbonyl protecting groupRonald Eric ReidCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 6, 1027–1031Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00868a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00868a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A New Method of Television Waveform Display (1966)

Television waveforms may be displayed directly on the screen of a normally operating picture monitor through use of a combination of sampling and pulse position modulation techniques. Advantages of this approach include significant reductions in power, size and weight requirements, simplified analysis of the relative brightness of individual picture elements, and the ability to achieve the equivalent of “line-selection” at TV field rates.
Efficient conversion of olefins into epoxides, bromohydrins, and dibromides with sodium bromide in water-organic solvent electrolysis systems (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient conversion of olefins into epoxides, bromohydrins, and dibromides with sodium bromide in water-organic solvent electrolysis systemsSigeru Torii, Kenji Uneyama, Hideo Tanaka, Tooru Yamanaka, Tsuneo Yasuda, Michio Ono, and Yumiko KohmotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 16, 3312–3315Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00329a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00329a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views699Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thickness dependence of space charge limited current and injection limited current in organic molecular semiconductors (2008)

We report the experimental investigations on space charge limited current (SCLC) and injection limited current (ILC) in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), sandwiched between two metal electrodes. Thickness dependence of current-voltage characteristics of SCLC and ILC is accurately reproduced by the electric field and temperature dependent charge carrier mobility, without invoking charge density dependent mobility. These results are interpreted using a consistent description of SCLC and ILC, based on a unified model of hopping transport within Gaussian density of states in CuPc.
Analysis of application heartbeats: Learning structural and temporal features in time series data for identification of performance problems (2008)

Grids promote new modes of scientific collaboration and discovery by connecting distributed instruments, data and computing facilities. Because many resources are shared, application performance can vary widely and unexpectedly. We describe a novel performance analysis framework that reasons temporally and qualitatively about performance data from multiple monitoring levels and sources. The framework periodically analyzes application performance states by generating and interpreting signatures containing structural and temporal features from time-series data. Signatures are compared to expected behaviors and in case of mismatches, the framework hints at causes of degraded performance, based on unexpected behavior characteristics previously learned by application exposure to known performance stress factors. Experiments with two scientific applications reveal signatures that have distinct characteristics during well-performing versus poor-performing executions. The ability to automatically and compactly generate signatures capturing fundamental differences between good and poor application performance states is essential to improving the quality of service for Grid applications.
Computation of normalized edit distance and applications (1993)

Given two strings X and Y over a finite alphabet, the normalized edit distance between X and Y, d(X,Y) is defined as the minimum of W(P)/L(P), where P is an editing path between X and Y, W(P) is the sum of the weights of the elementary edit operations of P, and L(P) is the number of these operations (length of P). It is shown that in general, d(X,Y) cannot be computed by first obtaining the conventional (unnormalized) edit distance between X and Y and then normalizing this value by the length of the corresponding editing path. In order to compute normalized edit distances, an algorithm that can be implemented to work in O(m*n/sup 2/) time and O(n/sup 2/) memory space is proposed, where m and n are the lengths of the strings under consideration, and m>or=n. Experiments in hand-written digit recognition are presented, revealing that the normalized edit distance consistently provides better results than both unnormalized or post-normalized classical edit distances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Adaptive Recommendation Mechanism for Distributed Group in Mobile Environments (2012)

Tourism navigation systems have become an important research area because they help people strengthen their focus on the quality of the tourism. This paper proposes an adaptive recommendation mechanism that rests on a congestion-aware scheduling method for multigroup travelers on multidestination travels. This recommendation scheme uses the pheromone mechanism of an ant algorithm for group system distribution. In order to reduce congestion in the “visiting multiple destinations” problem that might beset the multiple groups, we present a tour group that could take adaptive recommendations from a system that would yield a high quality tour experience, wherein the group would visit a secondary destination first and then visit the primary destination. Simulation results reveal the strengths of the proposed “adaptive recommendation mechanism” model in terms of decreasing average waiting time, congestion, and the ratio of congestion avoiding to number of groups.
Self-cleavable chemiluminescent probes suitable for protease sensing (2009)

A new generation of dioxetane-based chemiluminescent substrates suitable for detecting protease activities is described. Our strategy involves the use of a self-cleavable spacer as the key molecular component of these protease-sensitive chemiluminescent probes. Among the assayed strategies, the PABA (para-aminobenzylic alcohol) linker associated with an ether linkage enables the release of the light-emitting phenolic 1,2-dioxetane moiety through an enzyme-initiated domino reaction. To validate this strategy, two proteolytic enzymes were chosen: penicillin amidase and caspase-3, and the corresponding self-cleavable chemiluminescent substrates were synthesised. Their evaluation using an in vitro assay has enabled us to prove the decomposition of the linker under physiological conditions and the selectivity for the targeted enzyme.
Thermodynamics of Hydrogen-Bonding Mixtures. 5. <i>G</i><sup>E</sup>, <i>H</i><sup>E</sup>, and TS<sup>E</sup> and Zeotropy of Water + Acrylic Acid (2008)

A stirred-flask ebulliometer was used to measure total vapor-pressure (PTx) data on nine mixtures of water + acrylic acid (and the pure components) between 45 and 112 °C and pressures from 10.00 to 101.325 kPa. These PTx data and the derived vapor—liquid equilibrium data show no azeotropic behavior. To verify that water + acrylic acid is a zeotrope at 101.325 kPa, dilute-solution ΔT data at 101.325 kPa were measured in a twin-arm Cottrell-lift-pump ebulliometer. Data on water + propanoic acid, with a known azeotrope at 101.325 kPa, were measured to test the experimental method. These dilute-solution measurements confirmed the known azeotrope for water + propanoic acid and conclusively demonstrated zeotropy for water + acrylic acid at 101.325 kPa. The system exhibits large positive deviations from ideality (derived γ∞ = 2.5−5.7) that decrease with increasing temperature. Equimolar GE/T derived from fitted isothermal activity coefficient parameters decreases with increasing temperature, which predicts a positive HE. The excess function data show that the system water + acrylic acid belongs to the class of mixtures where GE > 0 and HE > 0 (this includes other water + organic acid mixtures); TSE shows a crossover from TSE > 0 to TSE < 0.