gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aa<scp>MYB</scp>1 and its orthologue At<scp>MYB</scp>61 affect terpene metabolism and trichome development in <i>Artemisia annua</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2017)

The effective anti-malarial drug artemisinin (AN) isolated from Artemisia annua is relatively expensive due to the low AN content in the plant as AN is only synthesized within the glandular trichomes. Therefore, genetic engineering of A. annua is one of the most promising approaches for improving the yield of AN. In this work, the AaMYB1 transcription factor has been identified and characterized. When AaMYB1 is overexpressed in A. annua, either exclusively in trichomes or in the whole plant, essential AN biosynthetic genes are also overexpressed and consequently the amount of AN is significantly increased. Artemisia AaMYB1 constitutively overexpressing plants displayed a greater number of trichomes. In order to study the role of AaMYB1 on trichome development and other possibly connected biological processes, AaMYB1 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. To support our findings in Arabidopsis thaliana, an AaMYB1 orthologue from this model plant, AtMYB61, was identified and atmyb61 mutants characterized. Both AaMYB1 and AtMYB61 affected trichome initiation, root development and stomatal aperture in A. thaliana. Molecular analyses indicated that two crucial trichome activator genes are misexpressed in atmyb61 mutant plants and in plants overexpressing AaMYB1. Furthermore, AaMYB1 and AtMYB61 are also essential for gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and degradation in both species by positively affecting the expression of the enzymes that convert GA<sub>9</sub> into the bioactive GA<sub>4</sub> as well as the enzymes involved in the degradation of GA<sub>4</sub> . Overall, these results identify AaMYB1/AtMYB61 as a key component of the molecular network that connects important biosynthetic processes, and reveal its potential value for AN production through genetic engineering.
Phase-shifter using submicron silicon waveguide couplers with ultra-small electro-mechanical actuator (2010)

Phase shifter is an important part of optical waveguide circuits as used in interferometer. However, it is not always easy to generate a large phase shift in a small region. Here, a variable phase-shifter operating as delay-line of silicon waveguide was designed and fabricated by silicon micromachining. The proposed phase-shifter consists of a freestanding submicron-wide silicon waveguide with two waveguide couplers and an ultrasmall silicon comb-drive actuator. The position of the freestanding waveguide is moved by the actuator to vary the total optical path. Phase-shift was measured in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to be 3.0pi at the displacement of 1.0 mum at the voltage of 31 V. The dimension of the fabricated device is 50microm wide and 85microm long.
<i>In vivo</i> sodium chemical shift imaging (1992)

The shift reagents thulium(III) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane N,N',N",N"'tetramethylenephosphonate (TmDOTP5-), and dysprosium(III)triethylenetetramine-hexaacetate (DyTTHA3-) are compared in this work for their uses in sodium chemical shift imaging (NaCSI). In a series of experiments using phantoms we evaluated the relative contributions of bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) effects and hyperfine shifts to the induced 23Na chemical shift for these two shift reagents. The ratios of BMS effects to hyperfine shifts suggest that TmDOTP5- should be a more effective shift reagent than DyTTHA3- for 23Na NMR spectroscopy as well as NaCSI. The dependence on pH and free Ca2+ concentration of the 23Na NMR frequency shift induced by TmDOTP5- was evaluated. It was found that TmDOTP5- produces good spectral resolution under physiologic conditions. Examples presented from in vivo NaCSI experiments using TmDOTP5- to study diffusion in the posterior chamber of the rabbit eye and to monitor the rate of clearance of aqueous fluid from the anterior chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of this new shift reagent and of the NaCSI technique for in vivo studies.
Ultrasound Enhanced Adsorption and Desorption of Phenol on Activated Carbon and Polymeric Resin (2001)

The effects of ultrasound on the adsorption and desorption of phenol using activated carbon and polymeric resin was investigated. For adsorption in a batch adsorber, ultrasound was found to act like a mixer, improving the mass-transfer coefficient through cavitation and acoustic streaming. The mass-transfer coefficient was controlling for these systems. For desorption ultrasound was found to enhance the surface diffusivity. The surface diffusivity was controlling for these systems. The activation energy for surface diffusion was decreased by ultrasound. The intense localized heating and high-pressure shock waves caused by cavitation were found to be the major cause of the decrease. Effects on all parameters were found to be dependent on ultrasonic power. While ultrasound enhanced surface diffusion, its effect on equilibrium adsorption isotherms was found to be negligible for the systems studied.
Biofilm Exopolysaccharides of Pathogenic Fungi: Lessons from Bacteria (2016)

Exopolysaccharides play an important structural and functional role in the development and maintenance of microbial biofilms. Although the majority of research to date has focused on the exopolysaccharide systems of biofilm-forming bacteria, recent studies have demonstrated that medically relevant fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus also form biofilms during infection. These fungal biofilms share many similarities with those of bacteria, including the presence of secreted exopolysaccharides as core components of the extracellular matrix. This review will highlight our current understanding of fungal biofilm exopolysaccharides, as well as the parallels that can be drawn with those of their bacterial counterparts.
Assessment of Thymidine Phosphorylase Function: Measurement of Plasma Thymidine (and Deoxyuridine) and Thymidine Phosphorylase Activity (2011)

We describe detailed methods to measure thymidine (dThd) and deoxyuridine (dUrd) concentrations and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) activity in biological samples. These protocols allow the detection of TP dysfunction in patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). Since the identification of mutations in TYMP, the gene encoding TP, as the cause of MNGIE (Nishino et al. Science 283:689-692, 1999), the assessment of TP dysfunction has become the best screening method to rule out or confirm MNGIE in patients. TYMP sequencing, to find the causative mutations, is only needed when TP dysfunction is detected. dThd and dUrd are measured by resolving these compounds with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by the spectrophotometric monitoring of the eluate absorbance at 267 nm (HPLC-UV). TP activity can be measured by an endpoint determination of the thymine formed after 1 h incubation of the buffy coat homogenate in the presence of a large excess of its substrate dThd, either spectrophotometrically or by HPLC-UV.
Bcl-2 decreases voltage-gated K<sup>+</sup> channel activity and enhances survival in vascular smooth muscle cells (2001)

Cell shrinkage is an incipient hallmark of apoptosis in a variety of cell types. The apoptotic volume decrease has been demonstrated to attribute, in part, to K+ efflux; blockade of plasmalemmal K+ channels inhibits the apoptotic volume decrease and attenuates apoptosis. Using combined approaches of gene transfection, single-cell PCR, patch clamp, and fluorescence microscopy, we examined whether overexpression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic oncoprotein, inhibits apoptosis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) by diminishing the activity of voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels. A human bcl-2 gene was infected into primary cultured rat PASMC using an adenoviral vector. Overexpression of Bcl-2 significantly decreased the amplitude and current density of Kv currents (I(Kv)). In contrast, the apoptosis inducer staurosporine (ST) enhanced I(Kv). In bcl-2-infected cells, however, the ST-induced increase in I(Kv) was completely abolished, and the ST-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited compared with cells infected with an empty adenovirus (-bcl-2). Blockade of Kv channels in control cells (-bcl-2) by 4-aminopyridine also inhibited the ST-induced increase in I(Kv) and apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 accelerated the inactivation of I(Kv) and downregulated the mRNA expression of the pore-forming Kv channel alpha-subunits (Kv1.1, Kv1.5, and Kv2.1). These results suggest that inhibition of Kv channel activity may serve as an additional mechanism involved in the Bcl-2-mediated anti-apoptotic effect on vascular smooth muscle cells.
Introduction of Physics Simulation in Augmented Reality (2008)

In 3D computer graphics, it has been an important issue to describe a virtual object realistically and show it in a physically correct manner. Unlike the virtual reality(VR), the augmented reality (AR) is an environment containing virtual and real objects simultaneously. However, the difference in motion between the virtual and real objects is obvious, which makes it hard for AR to be realistic and attractive. To reduce this gap, we propose to apply physical attributes to each virtual object, which can be done by using a physics engine, a software library containing functions related with physics. For this purpose, an ODE (open dynamics engine) library is used. However, the direct use of the library in the AR environment poses a lot of problems. Most of all, the coordination of the coordinate systems between OSG (OpenSceneGraph) and ODE must be taken care of. Next the positions of markers are also needed to be considered. In this paper, such problems are addressed and solutions to them are discussed.
Fabrication of Water Jet Resistant and Thermally Stable Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Spray Coating of Candle Soot Dispersion (2017)

A facile synthesis method for highly stable carbon nanoparticle (CNP) dispersion in acetone by incomplete combustion of paraffin candle flame is presented. The synthesized CNP dispersion is the mixture of graphitic and amorphous carbon nanoparticles of the size range of 20-50 nm and manifested the mesoporosity with an average pore size of 7 nm and a BET surface area of 366 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>-1</sup>. As an application of this material, the carbon nanoparticle dispersion was spray coated (spray-based coating) on a glass surface to fabricate superhydrophobic (water contact angle > 150° and sliding angle < 10 °) surfaces. The spray coated surfaces were found to exhibit much improved water jet resistance and thermal stability up to 400 °C compared to the surfaces fabricated from direct candle flame soot deposition (candle-based coating). This study proved that water jet resistant and thermally stable superhydrophobic surfaces can be easily fabricated by simple spray coating of CNP dispersion gathered from incomplete combustion of paraffin candle flame and this technique can be used for different applications with the potential for the large scale fabrication.
Patterned tungsten chemical vapor deposition on amorphous silicon by excimer laser modification of the native oxide (1990)

We report a method of patterning tungsten on hydrogenated amorphous silicon by excimer laser modification of the native oxide, thereby inhibiting the deposition of tungsten on the exposed regions in a subsequent tungsten chemical vapor deposition step. The method demonstrates how intermediate fluence radiation (∼100 mJ/cm2), which does not damage masks, can be utilized for patterning.
Through A Glass, Darkly (1996)

"Through a glass, darkly" is a biblical description of the imperfect way in which we see the world around us.
Epidermal Growth Factor-Specific Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Preimplantation Embryo Development1 (1991)

We examined whether epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced preimplantation mouse embryo development and function are mediated by EGF-specific protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP). In situ cross-linking and autophosphorylation studies showed that EGF receptor (EGF-R) in Day 4 mouse blastocysts is a protein of approximately 170 kDa that is phosphorylated when exposed to EGF and ATP. Furthermore, EGF induced about a twofold increase in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity in Day 4 blastocysts when incubated in the presence of a peptide substrate with a tyrosine moiety and ATP. RG 50864, a specific inhibitor of EGF-dependent PTK, diminished autophosphorylation of the 170-kDa protein and completely blocked PTK activity in the blastocyst induced by EGF. However, this inhibitor did not affect EGF binding to the embryonic cell surface. In contrast, an inactive tyrphostin compound, RG 50862, did not alter EGF-induced PTK activity in the blastocyst. These findings led us to examine the effects of these tyrphostin compounds on preimplantation mouse embryo development and blastocyst hatching in vitro. RG 50864, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited EGF-dependent development of 2-cell embryos to blastocysts and the number of cells per blastocyst. This inhibitor also antagonized EGF-induced zona-hatching of blastocysts formed from 8-cell embryos in culture. However, the inhibitor was not effective in deterring transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced blastocyst formation. The inactive compound, RG 50862, had no effects on EGF-dependent blastocyst formation or zona-hatching. The data show that the effects of RG 50864 are specific and mediated by inhibition of EGF-specific PTK activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Macrophage Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein Deficiency Enhances Atherosclerosis in ApoE/LDLR Double Knockout Mice (2006)

Our data demonstrate that independent of its role in lipoprotein uptake, absence of LRP in macrophages resulted in more advanced atherosclerosis and in lesions that contained more collagen and less CD3+ T cells. In contrast to previous in vitro studies, we conclude that macrophage LRP has an atheroprotective potential and may modulate the extracellular matrix in the atherosclerotic lesions.
Pro Android 4 (2012)

Pro Android 4 shows you how to build real-world and fun mobile apps using the new Android SDK4 (Ice Cream Sandwich), which unifies Gingerbread for smartphones, Honeycomb for tablets and augments further with Google TV and more. This Android 4book updates the best selling Pro Android 3 and covers everything from the fundamentals of building apps for embedded devices, smartphones, and tablets to advanced concepts such as custom 3D components, multi-tasking, sensors/augmented reality, better accessories support and much more. Using the tutorials and expert advice, you'll quickly be able to build cool mobile apps and run them on dozens of Android-based smartphones. You'll explore and use the Android APIs, including those for media and sensors. And you'll check out what's new with Android 4, including the improveduser interfaceacross all Android platforms, integration with services, and more. After reading this definitive tutorial and reference, you gain the knowledge and experience to create stunning, cutting-edge Android 4 apps that can make you money, while keeping you agile enough to respond to changes in the future. What youll learn How to use Android 4 to build Java-based mobile apps for Android smartphonesand tablets How to build irresistible standard and custom User Interfaces and User Experiences (UI and UX) across Android devices How to populate your application with data from data sources, using Content Providers How to build multimedia and game apps using Android's media APIs How to use Android's location-based services, network-based services, and security How to use new Android features, such as Fragments and the ActionBar Who this book is for This book is for professional software engineers and programmers looking to move their ideas and applications into the mobile space with Android. It assumes a passable understanding of Java, including how to write classes and handle basic inheritance structures. Table of Contents Introducing the Android Computing Platform Setting up Your Development Environment Understanding Resources Understanding Content Providers Understanding Intents Building User Interfaces and Using Controls Adding Menus Fragments Dialogs: Regular and Fragment Action Bar Advanced Debugging and Analysis Responding to Configuration Changes Working with Preferences and Saving State Security and Permissions Working with Services Exploring Packages, Processes, and Library Projects Exploring Processes, Components, Threads, and Handlers Advanced Async Task Exploring Broadcast Receivers and Long Running Services Exploring the Alarm Manager Unveiling 2D Animation Exploring Maps and Location Services Using the Telephony APIs Understanding the Media Frameworks Home Screen Widgets Home Screen List Widgets Android Search User Experience Drag and Drop Using Sensors Understanding the Contacts API Deploying your Application: Android Market and Beyond
Seeding of Colloidal Au Nanoparticle Solutions. 2. Improved Control of Particle Size and Shape (1999)

New fields of research in chemistry and physics require improved synthetic techniques for colloidal metal particles. This paper reports a generally applicable technique for synthesizing colloidal Au particles of mean diameters between 20 and 100 nm that exhibit improved monodispersity relative to previously published methods. In this approach (called “seeding”) Au3+ is reduced on the surface of preformed 12-nm-diameter Au nanoparticles by introduction of boiling sodium citrate, producing particles highly uniform in size and shape. A similar procedure, utilizing the reductant NH2OH at room temperature, produces two populations of particles; the larger population is even more spherical than citrate-reduced particles of similar size, while the smaller population is very distinctly rod-shaped.
The Coventry Award. Modular tibial insert micromotion. A concern with contemporary knee implants. (1998)

This study investigates micromotion between modular tibial components, one of the causes of wear on the undersurface of polyethylene inserts. The authors measured motion at the interface of nine contemporary total knee implant designs by mechanically testing the implants in a servohydraulic testing machine. Anteroposterior and mediolateral motion between the tibial insert and baseplate were measured with an extensometer placed across the interface. These tests revealed that in all implants analyzed, sufficient motion occurred to create fretting at the modular interface. Although the testing configuration in this study was not a stimulation of in situ loading patterns, the authors observed hundreds of microns of motion even under a 100 N load and variability between implants of the same design, showing that there is room for improvement among locking mechanisms in modular total knee implants.
α, β‐Unsaturated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: The Reaction of β‐(2‐Furanyl)‐ and β‐(2‐Thienyl)acrylonitrile with Active Methylene Reagents (1983)

Abstract The reactions of β‐(2‐furanyl)‐ and β‐(2‐thienyl)acrylonitrile with a variety of active methylene reagents are described. The investigations make several new pyran and pyranodiazle derivatives accessible.
Books and Reading and Singleness of Purpose. (1985)

Remarques sur le danger que represente, pour les bibliotheques, la preoccupation exclusive de fournir des services d'information. La promotion de la lecture reste la tâche essentielle de la bibliotheque
Ion implantation model considering crystal structure effects (1990)

An ion implantation model for crystalline targets is proposed. The model is based on the Monte Carlo method. Ion behavior is determined by directly referring to three-dimensional crystal structure data. Both channeling and dechanneling can be well simulated by modeling many-body scattering with lattice atoms and introducing atom thermal vibration effects. This model is used to simulate low-energy boron implantation in crystal silicon. Significant boron distribution tail spreading is predicted due to subchanneling effects, even if the ion beam is tilted and/or the crystal surface is covered with amorphous layers. These predictions agree with experimental data. Amorphization effects on two-dimensional boron distribution were also investigated. It was predicted that locally insufficient preamorphization causes marked lateral spreading of boron.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D City Models Based Spatial Analysis to Urban Design (2004)

Abstract Urban design is a subject that is concerned with the shape, the surface and its physical arrangement of all kinds of urban elements. Although urban design is a practice process and needs much detailed and multi-dimensional description, the urban designers could only analyse urban space with script and imagination in the past, and only the urban design guideline and some drawing picture were carried out in the traditional design schema. How to improve the quality of urban space effectively and how to express the design schema perfectly are the problems troubling the urban designers for a long time. The 3D city models based spatial analysis gives the possibility of solving these problems. Compared with the traditional applications of 2D GIS in urban planning, the 3D city models based spatial analysis would be more meaningful for the urban designers. The computable analysis models could be constructed under the urban design guideline. Through the integration of analytical models and realistic visualization models, the 3D spatial analysis that is impossible to the 2D GIS can be carried out. Instead of being described with some adjective words, the designing schema and rules can be presented and analyzed in 3D virtual environment. The change of the urban fabric and the building density could be analyzed through the structure analysis. The noise environment, sunshine condition, heat environment, ventilation condition, and pollution condition could be analyzed through the physical quality analysis. The control of the height, the color and the style of the buildings, and the evaluations of the surrounding environment of the squares and the streets are also available based on the visual impact analysis. The analysis of the distribution of different function parts and its proper place are possible through function analysis of urban space. Based on the 3D city models, urban designers can express the design concept clearly. With the analysis functions, it is also possible to control and improve the quality of urban space effectually. There would be a great progress when we design the urban space with an operational 3D analytical system, like Cyber City GIS.