gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Trypsin Inhibitor Panulirin Regulates the Prophenoloxidase-activating System in the Spiny Lobster Panulirus argus (2013)

The melanization reaction promoted by the prophenoloxidase-activating system is an essential defense response in invertebrates subjected to regulatory mechanisms that are still not fully understood. We report here the finding and characterization of a novel trypsin inhibitor, named panulirin, isolated from the hemocytes of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus with regulatory functions on the melanization cascade. Panulirin is a cationic peptide (pI 9.5) composed of 48 amino acid residues (5.3 kDa), with six cysteine residues forming disulfide bridges. Its primary sequence was determined by combining Edman degradation/N-terminal sequencing and electrospray ionization-MS/MS spectrometry. The low amino acid sequence similarity with known proteins indicates that it represents a new family of peptidase inhibitors. Panulirin is a competitive and reversible tight-binding inhibitor of trypsin (Ki = 8.6 nm) with a notable specificity because it does not inhibit serine peptidases such as subtilisin, elastase, chymotrypsin, thrombin, and plasmin. The removal of panulirin from the lobster hemocyte lysate leads to an increase in phenoloxidase response to LPS. Likewise, the addition of increasing concentrations of panulirin to a lobster hemocyte lysate, previously depleted of trypsin-inhibitory activity, decreased the phenoloxidase response to LPS in a concentration-dependent fashion. These results indicate that panulirin is implicated in the regulation of the melanization cascade in P. argus by inhibiting peptidase(s) in the pathway toward the activation of the prophenoloxidase enzyme.
Near-surface geophysics (2005)

Abstract Near-surface geophysics is applied to a broad spectrum of problems, and new application areas continue to arise. The noninvasive tools used to examine near-surface earth materials employ electrical, electromagnetic, or mechanical energy sources, along with passive techniques that measure the physical parameters of the earth. Most advances over the past 75 years have emerged from instrument evolution and computer-processing techniques. Societal needs, such as detecting unexploded ordnance following military operations, have driven research efforts. Other compelling factors, such as the need for potable groundwater, the enactment of laws that have spurred geophysical surveying for archaeological purposes, and the necessity for better soil-physics information in geotechnical engineering and agriculture, are present worldwide.
Health Education and Promotion Network (2006)

HealthEducation and the Foundation for the Advancement of Health Education, in conjunction with universities across the U.S., are offering graduate level courses entirely through distance education
Paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma after failure of two courses of platinum‐based regimens (2011)

Paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy could be an optional regimen for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma after the failure of two consecutive standard platinum-based regimens.
Ultrastructural pathology of experimental ebola haemorrhagic fever virus infection (1985)

The organs of monkeys infected with Ebola haemorrhagic fever were examined by light and electron microscopy during the acute stage of the disease. The virus caused focal coagulative necrosis in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung and testis and widespread mild vascular damage. In the brain there was intense congestion, with erythrocyte 'sludging', but no inflammatory reaction. There was significant injury to the microvasculature in all organs. Virus replicated in endothelial cytoplasm causing focal necrosis, separation of tight junctions and detachment from basement membranes. These changes were associated with oedema and haemorrhage, but though contributing to the hypovolaemic shock were not sufficiently extensive to account for the severity of vascular collapse. Renal involvement was also clinically important. Some renal cellular injury was caused by direct virus invasion of glomerular endothelium and tubular epithelium, but much tubular damage was probably due to ischaemia resulting from thrombosis in the peritubular capillaries. The virus also replicated in lymphocytes and monocytes and in interstitial cells of the testis. Since particles were not found in seminiferous epithelium, the degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes was probably secondary to ischaemia.
Nonrecursive algorithm for remote geolocation using ranging measurements (2006)

The objective of this work is to present a new algebraic solution for the problem of remote determination of geographic coordinates of a target, using a new remote geopositioning system being developed in Brazil. It can be useful for double‐check measurements obtained with other methods, for certain critical applications, being capable to perform independently from them. This system requires three‐reference bases on the surface of the earth with synchronized clocks and a repeater in space. Calculations are derived from measurements of propagation time of clock signal transmitted by one base to all bases and target, via a transponder in space. The algorithm also provides the “instantaneous” determination of the repeater position in space and brings other applications in navigation and remote clock synchronization. The algorithm has been successfully tested through computational software.
Cell-to-Module (CTM) Analysis for Photovoltaic Modules with Shingled Solar Cells (2017)

The interconnection of solar cells by shingling increases the active cell area in photovoltaic modules. Cell-to-module (CTM) gains and losses change significantly. We present models to calculate these gains and losses for shingled cells. Module efficiency and power can be increased with the shingle interconnection technology by +33 Wp and +1.86% <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> in the analyzed design, when compared to common ribbon-based interconnection. The CTM-ratio for efficiency improves due to shingling and also the CTM-ratio for power increases compared to conventional modules with ribbon or wire cell interconnection.
Toward Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches against the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

The COVID-19 outbreak has fueled a global demand for effective diagnosis and treatment as well as mitigation of the spread of infection, all through large-scale approaches such as specific alternative antiviral methods and classical disinfection protocols. Based on an abundance of engineered materials identifiable by their useful physicochemical properties through versatile chemical functionalization, nanotechnology offers a number of approaches to cope with this emergency. Here, through a multidisciplinary Perspective encompassing diverse fields such as virology, biology, medicine, engineering, chemistry, materials science, and computational science, we outline how nanotechnology-based strategies can support the fight against COVID-19, as well as infectious diseases in general, including future pandemics. Considering what we know so far about the life cycle of the virus, we envision key steps where nanotechnology could counter the disease. First, nanoparticles (NPs) can offer alternative methods to classical disinfection protocols used in healthcare settings, thanks to their intrinsic antipathogenic properties and/or their ability to inactivate viruses, bacteria, fungi, or yeasts either photothermally or <i>via</i> photocatalysis-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nanotechnology tools to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in patients could also be explored. In this case, nanomaterials could be used to deliver drugs to the pulmonary system to inhibit interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and viral S protein. Moreover, the concept of "nanoimmunity by design" can help us to design materials for immune modulation, either stimulating or suppressing the immune response, which would find applications in the context of vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 or in counteracting the cytokine storm, respectively. In addition to disease prevention and therapeutic potential, nanotechnology has important roles in diagnostics, with potential to support the development of simple, fast, and cost-effective nanotechnology-based assays to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and related biomarkers. In summary, nanotechnology is critical in counteracting COVID-19 and will be vital when preparing for future pandemics.
Physiological Unmasking of New Glutamatergic Pathways in the Dentate Gyrus of Hippocampal Slices From Kainate-Induced Epileptic Rats (1998)

In humans with temporal lobe epilepsy and kainate-treated rats, the mossy fibers of the dentate granule cells send collateral axons into the inner molecular layer. Prior investigations on kainate-treated rats demonstrated that abnormal hilar-evoked events can occasionally be observed in slices with mossy fiber sprouting when gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA)-mediated inhibition is blocked with bicuculline. However, these abnormalities were observed infrequently, and it was unknown whether these rats were epileptic. Wuarin and Dudek reported that in slices from kainate-induced epileptic rats (3-13 mo after treatment), hilar stimulation evoked abnormal events in most slices with mossy fiber sprouting exposed simultaneously to bicuculline and elevated extracellular potassium concentration [K+]o. Using the same rats, extracellular recordings were obtained from granule cells in hippocampal slices to determine whether 1) hilar stimulation could evoke abnormal events in slices with sprouting in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF), 2) adding only bicuculline could unmask hilar-evoked abnormalities and glutamate-receptor antagonists could block these events, and 3) increasing only [K+]o could unmask these abnormalities. In normal ACSF, hilar stimulation evoked abnormal field potentials in 27% of slices with sprouting versus controls without sprouting (i.e., saline-treated or only 2-4 days after kainate treatment). In bicuculline (10 microM) alone, hilar stimulation triggered prolonged field potentials in 84% of slices with sprouting, but not in slices from the two control groups. Addition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), either blocked the bursts or reduced their probability of occurrence. The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonist, 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), always eliminated the epileptiform bursts. In kainate-treated rats with sprouting, but not in saline-treated controls, abnormal hilar-evoked responses were also revealed in 6-9 mM [K+]o. Additionally, 63% of slices with sprouting generated spontaneous bursts lasting 1-40 s in ACSF containing 9 mm [K+]o; similar bursts were not observed in controls. These results indicate that 1) mossy fiber sprouting is associated with new glutamatergic pathways, and although NMDA receptors are important for propagation through these circuits, AMPA receptor activation is crucial, 2) modest elevations of [K+]o, in a range that would have relatively little effect on granule cells, can unmask these new excitatory circuits and generate epileptiform bursts, and 3) this new circuitry underlies an increased electrographic seizure susceptibility when inhibition is depressed or membrane excitability is increased.
Identifier-Based Context-Dependent API Method Recommendation (2012)

Reuse recommendation systems support the developer by suggesting useful API methods, classes or code snippets based on code edited in the IDE. Existing systems based on structural information, such as type and method usage, are not effective in case of general purpose types such as String. To alleviate this, we propose a recommendation system based on identifiers that utilizes the developer's intention embodied in names of variables, types and methods. We investigate the impact of several variation points of our recommendation algorithm and evaluate the approach for recommending methods from the Java and Eclipse APIs in 9 open source systems. Furthermore, we compare our recommendations to those of a structure-based recommendation system and describe a metric for predicting the expected precision of a recommendation. Our findings indicate that our approach performs significantly better than the structure-based approach.
Frequency-addressed liquid crystal field effect (1974)

A new nematic material in which ε∥ exhibits a dielectric loss in the audio-frequency range is reported. At 25 °C Δ ε=(ε∥−ε⊥) reverses sign at 2.5 kHz and can be as positive as 6.2 at low frequencies and as negative as −2.2 at high frequencies; the activation energy for the loss is 0.91 eV. The availability of a dielectric anisotropy of either sign depending on the frequency of the applied field allows the electrical orientation of the material with its optic axis either parallel or perpendicular to the electrodes. The possibilities for improving the voltage threshold and dynamic response of electro-optical effects by means of a two-frequency addressing scheme are demonstrated.
Spectrum and Energy-Efficient Beamspace MIMO-NOMA for Millimeter-Wave Communications Using Lens Antenna Array (2017)

The recent concept of beamspace multiple input multiple output (MIMO) can significantly reduce the number of required radio frequency (RF) chains in millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems without obvious performance loss. However, the fundamental limit of existing beamspace MIMO is that the number of supported users cannot be larger than the number of RF chains at the same time-frequency resources. To break this fundamental limit, in this paper, we propose a new spectrum and energy-efficient mmWave transmission scheme that integrates the concept of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with beamspace MIMO, i.e., beamspace MIMO-NOMA. By using NOMA in beamspace MIMO systems, the number of supported users can be larger than the number of RF chains at the same time-frequency resources. In particular, the achievable sum rate of the proposed beamspace MIMO-NOMA in a typical mmWave channel model is analyzed, which shows an obvious performance gain compared with the existing beamspace MIMO. Then, a precoding scheme based on the principle of zero forcing is designed to reduce the inter-beam interferences in the beamspace MIMO-NOMA system. Furthermore, to maximize the achievable sum rate, a dynamic power allocation is proposed by solving the joint power optimization problem, which not only includes the intra-beam power optimization, but also considers the inter-beam power optimization. Finally, an iterative optimization algorithm with low complexity is developed to realize the dynamic power allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed beamspace MIMO-NOMA can achieve higher spectrum and energy efficiency compared with the existing beamspace MIMO.
Returning Service Members to Duty Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring the Use of Dual-Task and Multitask Assessment Methods (2013)

Within the last decade, more than 220,000 service members have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) in support of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Mild TBI may result in subtle cognitive and sensorimotor deficits that adversely affect warfighter performance, creating significant challenges for service members, commanders, and clinicians. In recent conflicts, physical therapists and occupational therapists have played an important role in evaluating service member readiness to return to duty (RTD), incorporating research and best practices from the sports concussion literature. Because premorbid (baseline) performance metrics are not typically available for deployed service members as for athletes, clinicians commonly determine duty readiness based upon the absence of postconcussive symptoms and return to "normal" performance on clinical assessments not yet validated in the military population. Although practices described in the sports concussion literature guide "return-to-play" determinations, resolution of symptoms or improvement of isolated impairments may be inadequate to predict readiness in a military operational environment. Existing clinical metrics informing RTD decision making are limited because they fail to emphasize functional, warrior task demands and they lack versatility to assess the effects of comorbid deficits. Recently, a number of complex task-oriented RTD approaches have emerged from Department of Defense laboratory and clinical settings to address this gap. Immersive virtual reality environments, field-based scenario-driven assessment programs, and militarized dual-task and multitask-based approaches have all been proposed for the evaluation of sensorimotor and cognitive function following TBI. There remains a need for clinically feasible assessment methods that can be used to verify functional performance and operational competence in a variety of practice settings. Complex and ecologically valid assessment techniques incorporating dual-task and multitask methods may prove useful in validating return-to-activity requirements in civilian and military populations.
Radiation decomposition of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals. [Glucnates, pyrophosphates, and serum albumins] (1979)

Technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals are shown to be subject to autoradiation-induced decomposition, which results in increasing abundance of pertechnetate in the preparation. This autodecomposition is catalyzed by the presence of oxygen, although the removal of oxygen does not prevent its occurrence. The initial appearance of pertechnetate in the radiopharmaceutical is shown to be a function of the amount of radioactivity, the quantity of stannous ion used, and the ratio of /sup 99m/Tc to total technetium in the preparation.
Main Structural and Stereochemical Aspects of the Antiherpetic Activity of Nonahydroxyterphenoyl‐Containing <i>C</i>‐Glycosidic Ellagitannins (2004)

Antiherpetic evaluation of five nonahydroxyterphenoyl-containing C-glycosidic ellagitannins, castalagin (1), vescalagin (2), grandinin (3), roburin B (5), and roburin D (7), was performed in cultured cells against four HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains, two of which were resistant to Acyclovir. All five ellagitannins displayed significant anti-HSV activities against the Acyclovir-resistant mutants, but the monomeric structures 1-3 were more active than the dimers 5 and 7. Vescalagin (2) stands out among the five congeners tested as the most potent and selective inhibitor, with an IC50 value in the subfemtomolar range and a selectivity index 5x10(5) times higher than that of Acyclovir. Molecular modeling was used to provide a rationale for the surprisingly lower activity profile of its epimer castalagin (1). These ellagitannins have promising potential as novel inhibitors in the search for non-nucleoside drugs active against Acyclovir-resistant herpes viruses.
Effect of Temperature on Wettability of Oil/Brine/Rock Systems (2017)

We report results from a systematic investigation of the effect of the temperature on the wettability of oil/brine/rock systems. An oil sample, produced from a sandstone reservoir, was tested on sandstone-like substrates (i.e., mica and quartz) in NaCl and MgCl2 solutions with concentrations ranging from 0 to 3 M. Raising the temperature from 25 to 50 °C has no discernible effect on the contact angle, regardless of substrate type, brine type, or salt concentration. Another oil sample, obtained from a carbonate reservoir, was examined on carbonate-like substrates (i.e., calcite) in NaCl and MgCl2 solutions over a concentration range of 0–1 M. The contact angles decrease as the temperature increases from 25 to 65 °C, and this temperature effect also strongly depends upon the brine type and salt concentration. A systematic examination of the ζ potential of rock/brine and oil/brine interfaces under different conditions and subsequent discussions indicate that contact angle and ζ potential may not be directly linked. These findings regarding the wettability of oil/brine/rock systems may improve the understanding of low-salinity wateflooding mechanisms by elucidating the combined effects of the temperature and other critical variables, including brine type, brine concentration, crude oil composition, and substrate type.
Normalizing Electrocardiograms of Both Healthy Persons and Cardiovascular Disease Patients for Biometric Authentication (2013)

Although electrocardiogram (ECG) fluctuates over time and physical activity, some of its intrinsic measurements serve well as biometric features. Considering its constant availability and difficulty in being faked, the ECG signal is becoming a promising factor for biometric authentication. The majority of the currently available algorithms only work well on healthy participants. A novel normalization and interpolation algorithm is proposed to convert an ECG signal into multiple template cycles, which are comparable between any two ECGs, no matter the sampling rates or health status. The overall accuracies reach 100% and 90.11% for healthy participants and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, respectively.
Toward General Analysis of Recursive Probability Models (2013)

There is increasing interest within the research community in the design and use of recursive probability models. Although there still remains concern about computational complexity costs and the fact that computing exact solutions can be intractable for many nonrecursive models and impossible in the general case for recursive problems, several research groups are actively developing computational techniques for recursive stochastic languages. We have developed an extension to the traditional lambda-calculus as a framework for families of Turing complete stochastic languages. We have also developed a class of exact inference algorithms based on the traditional reductions of the lambda-calculus. We further propose that using the deBruijn notation (a lambda-calculus notation with nameless dummies) supports effective caching in such systems (caching being an essential component of efficient computation). Finally, our extension to the lambda-calculus offers a foundation and general theory for the construction of recursive stochastic modeling languages as well as promise for effective caching and efficient approximation algorithms for inference.
Dysmyelinating and demyelinating conditions in infancy. (1993)

The myelin membrane is essential for rapid conduction of nerve impulses through the central nervous system. Failure of myelination--dysmyelination--may arise through several mechanisms. The synthesis of a particular myelin protein can be defective, as occurs for proteolipid protein in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and for myelin basic protein in the 18q- syndrome. Delay in myelination with a more generalized diminution in white matter is characteristic of many inherited metabolic diseases, including galactosemia, pyridoxine-dependent seizure disorder, glutaric aciduria type 1, and infantile Refsum disease. Demyelination or breakdown in myelin is characteristic of metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, mitochondrial disorders, adrenoleukodystrophy, Canavan disease, Alexander disease, and orthochromatic leukodystrophy. A fourth category is reserved for malformation syndromes. These include Cockayne, Fukuyama, Walker-Warburg, and Angelman syndromes. Demyelination also occurs in HIV-infected individuals with central nervous system findings and in multiple sclerosis. Much of the evidence for leukodystrophy in these disorders comes from neuroimaging. Some of these disorders are treatable.
The heritability and genetics of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (2009)

These findings show that frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a highly heritable disorder but heritability varies between the different syndromes. Furthermore, while MAPT and GRN mutations account for a substantial proportion of familial cases, there are other genes yet to be discovered, particularly in patients with type 3 FTLD-TDP without a GRN mutation.