gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium Ascorabe as a Potent Stimulator of Elastic Fiber Production (2011)

The complicated problem of efficient stimulation of elastic fiber production in already developed human tissues has not yet been solved. The present study introduces sodium ascorbate (SA) as a stimulator of elastogenesis in cultures of different cell types including fibroblasts isolated from patients with elastopathy genetic diseases. We then elucidated mechanisms of elastogenic action of SA. SA exercises its net elastogenic effect only after being actively transported into the cell interior through two separate mechanisms. These are the “fast effect,” which reflects the greater stability of intracellular tropoelastin, and the “late effect,” which reflects the true enhancement of the elastin gene expression occurring after SA-induced activation of c-src tyrosine kinase and the consecutive phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptor, which triggers the downstream signals leading to activation of the elastin gene expression. In conclusion, for the first time we have established that SA is a potent stimulator of elastic fiber production.
Oxidized phospholipids in the macula increase with age and in eyes with age-related macular degeneration. (2007)

These findings suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of AMD possibly by oxidizing phospholipids in the photoreceptors as demonstrated in the arterial intima of patients with atherosclerosis. It is likely that controlling oxidation of phospholipids may be a potential treatment for AMD.
Activation Method to Prepare a Highly Reactive Acylsulfonamide “Safety-Catch” Linker for Solid-Phase Synthesis<sup>1</sup> (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTActivation Method to Prepare a Highly Reactive Acylsulfonamide "Safety-Catch" Linker for Solid-Phase Synthesis1Bradley J. Backes, Alex A. Virgilio, and Jonathan A. EllmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12, 3055–3056Publication Date (Web):March 27, 1996Publication History Received19 October 1995Published online27 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9535165https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9535165rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2611Altmetric-Citations225LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Amines,Crystal cleavage,Organic polymers,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Purification and Characterization of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase from Maize Leaves (1976)

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase has been purified to homogeneity from maize (Zea mays L. var. Golden Cross Bantam T51) leaves. The ratio of specific activities in crude extracts and the purified enzyme suggests that the enzyme is a major soluble protein in the tissue. The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient (s(20,w)) of 12.3S and a molecular weight, determined by sedimentation equilibrium, of 400,000 daltons. Dissociation of the enzyme and electrophoresis on dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels yields a single stained band which corresponds to a subunit weight of 99,000 daltons. Thus it appears that the native enzyme is composed of four identical or similar polypeptide chains.The enzyme yields cooperative rate-concentration plots (Hill number of 2) with phosphoenolpyruvate as the variable substrate at pH 7. This cooperativity disappears in the presence of an activator, glucose-6-P, or by raising the pH of the assay mixture to 8. Glycerol (20%, v/v) exerts a similar effect. The enzyme is also activated in the presence of glycine which causes an increase in V(max) without significant effect on the apparent Km for phosphoenolpyruvate and Hill number. The apparent Km for HCO(3) (-) is 0.02 mm, and the activation constant for Mg(2+) is 1.54 mm at pH 7. There is an abrupt discontinuity in Arrhenius plots and an associated increase in activation energy below 10.8 C.
HIGH-PRESSURE SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TUNING OF SOLID STATE MATERIALS (1998)

▪ Abstract The synthesis, characterization, and tuning of solid state materials by means of high-pressure techniques is reviewed from the perspective of a solid state chemist. Because pressure can affect significant changes in reaction equilibria, it is a useful tool for the synthesis of novel and metastable materials. Several different examples ranging from the behavior of carbon under pressure to oxide materials and intermetallic compounds are presented to illustrate the breadth of opportunities in this area. Pressure allows precise tuning of a fundamental parameter, interatomic distance, which controls the electronic structure and virtually all the interatomic interactions that determine materials properties. With pressure tuning, properties can often be more rapidly and cleanly optimized than with chemical tuning, which necessitates the synthesis of a large number of different materials and can induce disorder, phase separation, and other undesirable effects. Pressure tuning is therefore a useful tool in the search for new solid state materials with enhanced properties such thermoelectric materials and intermetallic structural materials.
Microbiology of Drycleaning (1966)

An appreciable number of bacteria on contaminated fabric survived modern drycleaning procedures. Various stages in the process, especially steam pressing, reduced the total number of bacteria, but viable organisms were found on certain areas of garments even after pressing. A significant number of bacteria were redeposited on clean fabric during the washing of ordinary soiled garments in drycleaning units. These bacteria included gram-positive cocci, diphtheroid bacilli, and gram-positive sporeformers. Gram-negative bacilli were seldom found, although some gram-negative bacilli survived drycleaning. The redeposited organisms apparently came mainly from other garments in the same loads, as few bacteria were isolated from the filtered solvent used for washing. The number of bacteria in the drycleaning washwheel was highest shortly after the beginning of the wash, and decreased, with the exchange of solvent in the wheel, to a low level at the end. Although it appears that in most cases several factors combine to reduce to a low level the numbers of bacteria on articles cleaned in a well-operated drycleaning plant, it would seem that under certain conditions pathogenic microorganisms could be disseminated by drycleaning.
A Double-Blind Study of SB-220453 (Tonerbasat) in the Glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) Model of Migraine (2004)

The need for experimental migraine models increases as therapeutic options widen. In the present study, we investigated SB-220453 for efficacy in the glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) human experimental migraine model. SB-220453 is a novel benzopyran compound, which in animal models inhibits neurogenic inflammation, blocks propagation of spreading depression and inhibits trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation-induced carotid vasodilatation. We included 15 patients with migraine without aura in a randomized double-blind crossover study. SB-220453 40 mg or placebo was followed by a 20-min GTN infusion. Headache, scored 0-10, was registered for 12 h, and fulfillment of International Headache Society (IHS) criteria was recorded until 24 h. Four subjects had a hypotensive episode after SB-220453 plus GTN but none after GTN alone. The reaction was unexpected, since animal models and previous human studies had shown no vascular or sympaticolytic activity with SB-220453. The study was terminated prematurely due to this interaction. GTN was consistent in producing headache and migraine that resembled the patients' usual spontaneous migraine. Nine patients had GTN on both study days. Peak headache score showed a trend towards reduction after SB-220453 compared with placebo (median 4 vs. 7, P = 0.15). However, no reduction was seen in the number of subjects experiencing delayed headache (8 vs. 8), number of subjects reporting migraine (6 vs. 8), migraine attacks fulfilling IHS criteria 1.1 or 1.7 (6 vs. 7) or IHS 1.1 alone (4 vs. 5). SB-220453 had no significant pre-emptive anti-migraine activity compared with placebo in this human model of migraine. Interaction between SB-220453 and GTN was discovered. This is important for the future development of the compound and underlines the usefulness of experimental migraine models.
Comparison of the sequences and functions of Streptococcus equi M-like proteins SeM and SzPSe (1997)

Streptococcus equi (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi), a Lancefield group C streptococcus, causes strangles, a highly contagious purulent lymphadenitis and pharyngitis of members of the family Equidae. The antiphagocytic 58-kDa M-like protein SeM is a major virulence factor and protective antigen. The amino acid sequence and structure of SeM has been determined and compared to that of a second, 40-kDa M-like protein (SzPSe) of S. equi and to those of other streptococcal proteins. Both SeM and SzPSe are mainly alpha-helical fibrillar molecules with no homology other than that between their signal and membrane anchor sequences and are only distantly related to other streptococcal M and M-like proteins. The sequence of SzPSe indicates that it is an allele of SzP that encodes the variable protective M-like and typing antigens of S. zooepidemicus (S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus). SeM is opsonogenic for S. equi but not for the closely related S. zooepidemicus, whereas SzPSe is strongly opsonogenic for S. zooepidemicus but not for S. equi. Both proteins bind equine fibrinogen. SeM and SzPSe proteins from temporally and geographically separated isolates of S. equi are identical in size. The results taken together support previous evidence that S. equi is a clonal pathogen originating from an ancestral strain of S. zooepidemicus. We postulate that acquisition of SeM synthesis was a key element in the success of the clone because of its effect in enhancing resistance to phagocytosis and because protective immunity entails a requirement for SeM-specific antibody.
Optimization of spoiled gradient‐echo phase imaging for <i>in vivo</i> localization of a focused ultrasound beam (1996)

The parameters of a spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) pulse sequence have been optimized for in vivo localization of a focused ultrasound beam. Temperature elevation was measured by using the proton resonance frequency shift technique, and the phase difference signal-to-noise ratio (SNR delta phi) was estimated in skeletal muscle and kidney cortex in 10 rabbits. Optimized parameters included the echo time equivalent to T2* of the tissue, the longest repetition time possible with a 20-s sonication, and the flip angle equivalent to the Ernst angle. Optimal SPGR phase imaging can detect a sonication beam with a peak phase difference of 0.55 radian, which corresponds to a temperature elevation of 7.3 degrees C. The sonication beam can be localized within one voxel (0.6 x 0.6 x 5 mm3) at power levels that are below the threshold for thermal damage of the tissue.
Nanoscale physicochemical properties of chain‐ and step‐growth polymerized PEG hydrogels affect cell‐material interactions (2017)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels provide a versatile platform to develop cell instructive materials through incorporation of a variety of cell adhesive ligands and degradable chemistries. Synthesis of PEG gels can be accomplished via two mechanisms: chain and step growth polymerizations. The mechanism dramatically impacts hydrogel nanostructure, whereby chain polymerized hydrogels are highly heterogeneous and step growth networks exhibit more uniform structures. Underpinning these alterations in nanostructure of chain polymerized hydrogels are densely-packed hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(acrylate) kinetic chains between hydrophilic PEG crosslinkers. As cell-material interactions, such as those mediated by integrins, occur at the nanoscale and affect cell behavior, it is important to understand how different modes of polymerization translate into nanoscale mechanical and hydrophobic heterogeneities of hydrogels. Therefore, chain- and step-growth polymerized PEG hydrogels with macroscopically similar macromers and compliance (for example, methacrylate-functionalized PEG (PEGDM), M<sub>W</sub> = 10 kDa and norbornene-functionalized 4-arm PEG (PEGnorb), M<sub>W</sub> = 10 kDa) were used to examine potential nanoscale differences in hydrogel mechanics and hydrophobicity using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that chain-growth polymerized network yielded greater heterogeneities in both stiffness and hydrophobicity as compared to step-growth polymerized networks. These nanoscale heterogeneities impact cell-material interactions, particularly human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) adhesion and spreading, which has implications in use of these hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1112-1122, 2017.
Biological Activity of Tropolone (2003)

Tropolone (1). showed strong insecticidal activity on Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Dermatophagoides farinae. The insecticidal effect of 1 on both insects was stronger than that of hinokitiol (2, 4-isopropyltropolone: major component of Thujopsis dolabrata SIEB. et ZUCC. hondai MAKINO). The insecticidal activity of both compounds was higher than that of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), used as a positive control. Compound 1 had potent insecticidal activity against Coptotermes formosanus, although its activity was much lower than that of commercial chloropyrifos. Like 2, 1 showed the inhibitory activity toward metalloproteases such as carboxypeptidase A, collagenase and thermolysin and their inhibitory activities were much higher than that of 1,10-phenanthroline, used as a positive control. The inhibitory activity of 1 on carboxypeptidase A was especially high, its 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) being 2.73 x 10(-6) M. This inhibitory activity was as high as that of 2 (IC(50): 2.76 x 10(-6) M). Compound 1 inhibited the growth of seven kinds of plant-pathogenic fungi and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range of 6.0-50.0 microg/ml. In particular, 1 showed strong antifungal activity on Pythium aphanidermatum IFO-32440 (MIC: 6.0 microg/ml).
Solution-processed antireflective coating for back-contact perovskite solar cells (2020)

Back-contact architectures for perovskite solar cells eliminate parasitic-absorption losses caused by the electrode and charge collection layers but increase surface reflection due to the high refractive index mismatch at the air/perovskite interface. To mitigate this, a ∼85 nm thick layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), with a refractive index between those of air and perovskite, has been applied as an antireflective coating. Transfer matrix modelling is used to determine the ideal PMMA layer thickness, with UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements used to confirm the increase in absorption that arises through the application of the antireflective coating. The deposition of a thin film of PMMA via spin coating onto a solar cell results in a 20-30% relative increase in short circuit current density and stable power output density.
IL-13 is a novel therapeutic target in allergic asthma (2007)

Evaluation of: Bree A, Schlerman FJ, Wadanoli M et al. IL-13 blockade reduces lung inflammation after Ascaris suum challenge in cynomolgus monkeys. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 119, 1251-1257 (2007). There is abundant evidence supporting IL-13 as having a central role in the pathology of allergic asthma. IL-13 induces immunological responses relevant to allergic asthma and exerts effects on airway structural cells, leading to remodeling and enhanced contractility of airway smooth muscle. This paper evaluates the results from a recent preclinical study in cynomolgus monkeys, showing that treatment with an antibody to IL-13 significantly attenuates airway inflammation induced by segmental allergen challenge. Efficacy of anti-IL-13 in proof-of-concept human studies will be critical to evaluate the potential of this therapy for treatment of allergic asthma.
Crystalline Phase Change in Yttria‐Partially‐Stabilized Zirconia by Low‐Temperature Annealing (1984)

Changes in the phase composition and microstructure of yttria‐partially‐stabilized zirconia by low‐temperature annealing were investigated at 100° to 500°C using bodies sintered from coprecipitated fine ZrO 2 ‐Y 2 O 3 powders at varied temperatures. Tetragonal zirconia on the surfaces of bodies sintered at <1500°C transformed to the monoclinic phase at 100° to 400°C. Transformation behavior was strongly affected by grain size.
MAP Based Blind Super-Resolution (2012)

Super-resolution is the process of obtaining a high resolution image from multiple low resolution images. In most of the super-resolution algorithms, the blur parameter of a LR-image model always have to be manually set as a default value, this is not a good solution. In this paper, we propose a method which can adaptively estimate the blur parameter. Fusing all low-resolution images, we will get the initial image. When it is used in MAP algorithm, no more than 10 iterations is sufficient to get a stable solution. Compared with other MAP algorithms, this algorithm can greatly reduce the computation demand. Experiments show that when is applied to real image sequences, it can preserve the image edges and details. and the reconstructed image is clear. The propose algorithm is very different.
Naphthalene Diels−Alder in a Self-Assembled Molecular Flask (2010)

Despite its inertness toward pericyclic reactions under common conditions, naphthalenes readily undergo Diels-Alder reactions when coencapsulated with a suitable dienophile within the cavity of a self-assembled host. Localization of the reactant pair significantly reduces the entropic cost of the reaction, and preorganization within the host cavity controls both the regio- and stereoselectivity of the reaction: electronically disfavored exo adducts were obtained, and with substituted naphthalenes, the reaction takes place on the less electron-rich, unsubstituted ring. Our findings highlight the fact that judicious tuning of substrate size and shape within molecular flasks can unveil new and unusual reactivities for otherwise unreactive molecules.
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Investigations of the Common Research Model Wing Benchmark (2014)

Despite considerable research on aerodynamic shape optimization, there is no standard benchmark problem allowing researchers to compare results. This work addresses this issue by solving a series of aerodynamic shape optimization problems based on the Common Research Model wing benchmark case defined by the Aerodynamic Design Optimization Discussion Group. The aerodynamic model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. A gradient-based optimization algorithm is used in conjunction with an adjoint method that computes the required derivatives. The drag coefficient is minimized subject to lift, pitching moment, and geometric constraints. A multilevel technique is used to reduce the computational cost of the optimization. A single-point optimization is solved with 720 shape variables using a 28.8-million-cell mesh, reducing the drag by 8.5%. A more realistic design is achieved through a multipoint optimization. Multiple local minima are found when starting from multiple randomly generated geometries, but the minimum drag values are within 0.1 drag counts of each other, and the geometries differ by only 0.4% of the mean aerodynamic chord. The effect of varying the number of shape design variables is examined. The Common Research Model wing benchmark problem proved to be useful for evaluating our design optimization framework, and the geometries and meshes for both the baseline and optimized wings are available as supplemental materials in this paper.
Complexity-aware adaptive jitter buffer with time-scaling (2012)

In VoIP applications, packet loss, delay and delay jitter are inevitable and have a large impact on the perceived speech quality. Jitter buffers are commonly deployed to compensate for jitter in order to play out the received packets continuously. For mobile devices, due to limited battery power, computational complexity has to be kept to a minimum. In this paper, we propose a jitter buffer management which takes complexity into consideration. The algorithm adaptively adjusts the play-out delay under certain complexity constraints. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can keep complexity under specified constraints while still optimizing jitter induced packet losses and average delay.
Mindspan: Lessons from Rat Models of Neurocognitive Aging (2011)

Research on the biology of aging seeks to enhance understanding of basic mechanisms and thus support improvements in outcomes throughout the lifespan, including longevity itself, susceptibility to disease, and life-long adaptive capacities. The focus of this review is the use of rats as an animal model of cognitive change during aging, and specifically lessons learned from aging rats in behavioral studies of cognitive processes mediated by specialized neural circuitry. An advantage of this approach is the ability to compare brain aging across species where functional homology exists for specific neural systems; in this article we focus on behavioral assessments that target the functions of the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex. We also take a critical look at studies using calorie restriction (CR) as a well-defined experimental approach to manipulating biological aging. We conclude that the effects of CR on cognitive aging in rats are less well established than commonly assumed, with much less supportive evidence relative to its benefits on longevity and susceptibility to disease, and that more research in this area is necessary.
Reduced Plasma Visfatin/Pre-B Cell Colony-Enhancing Factor in Obesity Is Not Related to Insulin Resistance in Humans (2006)

Our findings show that, in human obesity, plasma visfatin is reduced, whereas visfatin mRNA is differentially regulated in SAT and VAT. Visfatin is not related to insulin resistance either as assessed by homeostasis model assessment or during lipid infusion.
The relationship between Chinese character frequency of occurrence and response latency: A direct prediction of the Forster's Search Model (1999)

ABSTRACT This paper describes an experiment concerned with the relationship between word frequency and the speed of word recognition for Chinese. The aim is to determine whether the nature of the frequency-response time relationship that has been found to exist for English can be expected to be observed for Chinese as well. Word frequency effect is discussed in relation to the network models and the Search model of lexical access. The outcome of the experiment provides evidence in support of the Search model of lexical access.