gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General Synthesis of Extended Fused Oligothiophenes Consisting of an Even Number of Thiophene Rings (2006)

The intramolecular double cyclization of bis(3-bromo-2-thienyl)acetylenes though a lithium-halogen exchange reaction with tBuLi followed by treatment with elemental sulfur produces two thiophene-fused thieno[3,2-c](1,2-dithiin)s. The subsequent dechalcogenation from the 1,2-dithiins with copper nanopowder affords tetrathienoacenes. On the basis of this two-step procedure, a series of trialkylsilyl-terminated, fused oligothiophenes, including hexathienoacene (a six thiophene-fused system) and octathienoacene (an eight thiophene-fused system), were synthesized. In the UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of the fused oligothiophenes, the absorption and emission maxima shift to longer wavelengths, as the pi-conjugation length increases. Their maximum wavenumbers have linear relationships with the reciprocal number of thiophene rings consisting of the pi-conjugated frameworks. In the cyclic voltammograms, all the compounds show reversible oxidation waves, the first oxidation potential of which shifts to less positive as the conjugation length increases. Among them, the octathienoacene also shows a reversible second oxidation process. Indeed, its chemical oxidation with an excess amount of NO(+)SbF(6) (-) produces the dication as a golden crystal. The crystal structures of the neutral octathienoacene and its dication were determined by X-ray crystallography. While in the neutral state, the octathienoacene has a benzenoid structure with a large bond alternation of about 0.04 A, its dication has a quinoid structure in which two cationic charges are mainly localized on the terminal rings.
Bile Acid Sequestration Reduces Plasma Glucose Levels in db/db Mice by Increasing Its Metabolic Clearance Rate (2011)

BAS induced plasma glucose lowering in db/db mice by increasing metabolic clearance rate of glucose in peripheral tissues, which coincided with decreased skeletal muscle long-chain acylcarnitine content.
Cell therapy using tolerogenic dendritic cells in transplantation (2012)

Organ transplantation is the main alternative to the loss of vital organ function from various diseases. However, to avoid graft rejection, transplant patients are treated with immunosuppressive drugs that have adverse side effects. A new emerging approach to reduce the administration of immunosuppressive drugs is to co-treat patients with cell therapy using regulatory cells. In our laboratory, as part of a European project, we plan to test the safety of tolerogenic dendritic cell (TolDC) therapy in kidney transplant patients. In this mini-review, we provide a brief summary of the major protocols used to derive human TolDC, and then focus on the granulocyte macrophage-TolDC generated by our own team. Proof of safety of TolDC therapy in the clinic has already been demonstrated in patients with diabetes. However, in transplantation, DC therapy will be associated with the administration of immunosuppressive drugs, and interactions between drugs and DC are possible. Finally, we will discuss the issue of DC origin, as we believe that administration of autologous TolDC is more appropriate, as demonstrated by our experiments in animal models.
Polarization plasma spectroscopy - Effects of anisotropic excitation. (1986)

A review is given of the excitation anisotropy in atomic or ionic level population, or alignment, and its effects on the line intensity : anisotropic intensity distribution and polarization. We take the optical excitation as an example of producing alignment and show various features of its effects. For other anisotropic-excitations, collisional excitation by electrons and charge transfer excitation of ions, latest results of the theoretical and experimental studies are presented. Relaxation of alignment is brought about by several mechanisms : disalignment by atomic collisions and by trapped radiation is understood fairly well, while nothing is known about electron collision and ion collision.
Processing Optimization and Physicochemical Characteristics of Collagen from Scales of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) (2010)

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal conditions of collagen extraction from scales of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) using surface response methodology. Four independent variables of NaOH concentration and pretreatment fime in alkali pretreatment and enzyme concentration and treatment time in enzyme hydrolysis were used to predict a model equation for the collagen yield. The determinant coefficient (<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>) for the equation was 0.906. The values of the independent variables for the maximum yield were 0.32 N NaOH, 16.38 h alkali pretreatment time, 0.18% enzyme concentration, and 31.02 h enzyme treatment time. In the physicochemical properties of tuna scale collagen, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of tuna scale collagen showed the same migration distances as that of calf skin collagen. The amide A, I, II, and III regions of tuna scale collagen in Fourier transform infrared measurements were shown in the peaks of 3,414 <TEX>$cm^{-1}$</TEX>, 1,645 <TEX>$cm^{-1}$</TEX>, 1,553 <TEX>$cm^{-1}$</TEX>, and 1,247 <TEX>$cm^{-1}$</TEX>, respectively. The amount of imino acids in tuna scale collagen was 18.97% and the collagen denaturation temperature was <TEX>$33^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The collagen solubility as a function of NaCl concentration decreased to 4% NaCl (w/v) and the collagen solubility as a function of pH was high at pH 2-4 and sharply decreased from pH 4 to pH 7. Viscosity of the collagen solution decreased continuously until <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> and this decreasing rate slowed in the temperature range of <TEX>$35-50^{\circ}C$</TEX>.
Negative Resistance and Devices for Obtaining It (1935)

By the use of a concept due to Crisson, negative resistance is shown to be a phenomenon controlled by either current or voltage but not by both together. Thus, two main classes are found differing in the shape of the volt-ampere characteristic, in the conditions for stability, in the effect of an added positive resistance, and in the effect of an internal time lag. Reliability, good power conversion efficiency, and a low ratio of the unavoidable self-reactance to the negative resistance are mentioned as being desirable characteristics of any negative resistance. A figure of merit for the voltage controlled type is shown to be l/ωC <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> , where C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> is the unavoidable effective shunt capacitance. In the current controlled case R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> /ωL <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , is shown to be a merit factor, L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> being the effective series inductance. The addition of external positive resistance lowers the figure of merit for the combination. A number of well-known devices are discussed after classifying them in three groups according to principle of operation. The simple group includes such devices as the dynatron and arc which produce negative resistance between two elements. The direct coupled group comprises primarily vacuum tubes having negative transconductance in which negative resistance is produced by a direct connection between the controlling and controlled electrodes. The general properties of the negative transconductance tube as a negative resistance are detailed, including the effect of interelectrode capacitances. The third group, the reverse phase coupled group, is included but not treated in detail.
Association of the apolipoprotein E gene with age-related macular degeneration: possible effect modification by family history, age, and gender. (2000)

Our data modestly support a protective effect of the APOE-e4 allele on AMD risk, but emphasize the need to investigate more thoroughly whether the effect could be restricted to cases with a family history of AMD and whether it varies across age and sex groups.
A 1.5 V high folding rate current-mode folding amplifier for folding and interpolating ADC (2006)

A current-mode coarse analog-to-digital converts (ADC) controlled folding amplifier is presented for design of the folding and interpolating ADCs. Compare to the conventional differential pair based voltage-mode folding amplifier, the proposed current-mode folding amplifier is much easier to accomplish higher linearity and lower distortion for ideal triangular transfer characteristic curve. The proposed circuit can be operated at 1.5V supply voltage so as to save power. The proposed folding amplifier is used to implement an 8-bit folding and interpolating ADC.
An Intelligent Model-Based Multi-Level Active Gate Driver for Power Semiconductor Devices (2019)

Silicon carbide (SiC) devices have the benefit of low energy losses and high operation temperature. The fast switching speed of SiC may result in serious electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, overshoot voltage, and even false triggering. To address these issues, an intelligent cascaded multi-level active gate driver (AGD) topology is proposed to control the switching trajectory of the power device dynamically. It can flexibly adjust the switching speed by either speeding up or slowing down. Its slow turn-off mode has the advantage of short turn-off delay compared with a two-stage turn-off. The circuit has the benefits of simple-realization and cost-effectiveness. Also, a switching behavior trajectory-based model predictive control (MPC) strategy is introduced for this gate driver circuitry. The MPC strategy balances the switching energy losses, EMI noise, and switching process duration. The experimental results reveal that the proposed intelligent AGD can provide desirable performance for controlling the slew rate of the semiconductor device
Comparison of spray congealing and melt emulsification methods for the incorporation of the water-soluble salbutamol sulphate in lipid microparticles (2012)

Incorporation of the hydrophilic salbutamol sulphate into LMs with sustained release characteristics was achieved by spray congealing.
Effect of 2‐Phosphonobutane‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic Acid Adsorption on the Stability and Rheological Properties of Aqueous Nanosized 3‐mol%‐Yttria‐Stabilized Tetragonal‐Zirconia Polycrystal Suspensions (2003)

2‐phosphonobutane‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) was evaluated as a dispersant for nanosized 3‐mol%‐Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized tetragonal‐ZrO 2 polycrystal (3Y‐TZP) suspensions. The adsorption of PBTCA was characterized using the decolorization method of ferric 5‐nitrosalicylate complexes. Maximum adsorption of the dispersant on the 3Y‐TZP powder was found to occur at pH 3.0. At pH >3.0, the adsorbed amount decreased with increased pH. Semiquantitative analysis using auger electron spectroscopy showed that PBTCA adsorbed irreversibly on the powder. The surface charge of the powder was evaluated by measuring the zeta‐potential in dilute powder suspensions. The suspension was most effectively stabilized at high pH by the high charge induced by the adsorption of PBTCA. Rheological properties of the suspension were evaluated as a function of dispersant amount and solids loading. The optimum amount of dispersant increased with increased solids loading for solids loading >20 vol%. A stable suspension of 35 nm 3Y‐TZP particles with a solids loading as high as 32 vol% was obtained using PBTCA as dispersant, in contrast to 28 vol% when using ammonium polyacrylate (NH 4 PAA). Theoretical calculations of the interaction between 3Y‐TZP particles showed that the stabilization of the suspensions was attributed to a combination of the electrostatic repulsion and a steric barrier caused by the adsorbed PBTCA. Induced coupling plasma analysis showed that PBTCA could be completely burned out during sintering, which confirmed its suitability as a dispersant for 3Y‐TZP.
Cytogenetic characterization of the TM4 mouse Sertoli cell line. I. Conventional banding techniques, FISH and SKY (2001)

Permanent Sertoli cell lines provide an ideal system for the in vitro analysis of function and responsiveness to biochemical/hormonal factors of this particular cell type. In general, cytogenetic analyses of cell lines often reveal remarkable chromosomal changes that may be associated with functional characteristics. In the present study we investigated the mouse Sertoli cell line TM4 by C-banding, silver staining, FISH and spectral karyotyping (SKY). A highly increased chromosome number (average 85-95) as well as five stable marker chromosomes were detected by the conventional staining techniques. SKY identified the markers as a translocation chromosome T(1;3), isochromosomes 11 and 18 and two different-sized microchromosomes. The results show the usefulness of combining SKY and conventional banding methods for the evaluation of chromosome alterations in widely used cell lines.
Efficient Biooxidations Catalyzed by a New Generation of Self‐Sufficient Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenases (2009)

Overexpression of CRE2
Why Diversity Programs Fail – And How to Fix Them (2017)

In recent years there has been a rise in diversity initiatives throughout the entertainment and STEM industries in response to mounting criticism. While college programs have been found to represent the general population well in terms of diversity, that drops off sharply after graduation, and our industry becomes largely homogenous in top-tier positions. Many initiatives are struggling to make a meaningful impact, especially when it comes to changing the face of our industry's above-the-line professionals. This is because from entry-level through the development of top talent, the established system favors a narrow range of individuals who have fewer barriers to opportunity. — This established system can easily be changed without major disruption. Having studied the efforts and impact of current programs, it is apparent that many tend to approach the issue backwards, addressing barriers from top down instead of from the bottom up. Through case studies and the application of research and theory, we will present analysis of current trends in diversity programs such as those offered by networks and studios for minority writers and directors. We'll offer practical adjustments, considerations and solutions to significantly improve the effectiveness of investments in diversity by companies and organizations across the film and television industry. — Those reading the paper or attending the session will have tangible, actionable takeaways they can implement within their organization right away. Rather than scold, this session is meant to educate and lead decision makers and influencers toward more effective uses of time and money spent on diversity, shifting the goal toward inclusiveness.
Christian Influences in Sierra Leone before 1787 (1997)

CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES IN SIERRA LEONE BEFORE 1787 BY P.E.H. HAIR (University of Liverpool) Andrew Walls has written extensively and percipiently about Christian influences in the early decades of the settlement in the Sierra Leone peninsula which began in 1787 and which eventually evolved into the wider British colony and the independent state of Sierra Leone. But there were Christian influences in 'Sierra Leone' before 1787, influences mainly deriving from the Roman Catholic church and the nations of , Iberia The Sierra Leone peninsula was first encountered by Europeans in 1460 or 1461, and thereafter, for some two centuries, the European
Isoelastic total hip replacement: clinical evaluation of prosthetic isoelasticity. (1994)

By using the lower modulus material, polyacetal, ie, prosthesis made by R. Mathys', isoelastic hip prosthesis is claimed to reduce stress shielding effects and secure long-term, stable fixation of prostheses. In Tri-Service General Hospital from October 1985 to October 1989, 23 patients (25 hips) were treated using this prosthesis. Twenty patients (22 hips) were followed for clinical and radiographic evaluation for an average of 44.8 months (29-58 months). In clinical evaluation, the overall results were comparable to other cemented or cementless hip prostheses. The Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score for pain, motion and walking were improved from 1.6, 3.9, and 2.4 to 4.6, 4.3, and 4.9, respectively. The acetabular cup showed more favorable radiographic evaluation with a total mean score by combined Charnley and Engh's system of 7.9. It was not optimal on the femoral side and it showed that 20 of the femoral stems were stable fibrous fixations with a mean score of 15.8. Early complications included two dislocations, two significant femoral shaft fractures, and five medial neck cracks at surgery. The late complications included one loosening, one screw breakage, and one screw back out. The isoelastic hip always gained an inferior score in clinical evaluation from the "self comparison" in three patients with one side isoelastic hip and the other side different cemented or cementless prosthesis. There is no obvious benefit in radiographic evaluation, both in elimination of stress shielding and enhancement of fixation stability. As a result, the theoretical advantages of the isoelasticity concept are difficult to justify in our clinical practice.
Trends in network and device composition (2006)

Self-composing networks dynamically emerge to offer added-value services. A simple dynamic configuration should allow the birth of this new brand of networks - networks with a soul. They are closer to end users, turning them into easier to set up. We examine two emerging networking technologies that take network dynamic configuration a step further than what we are used to. These are universal plug and play (UPnP) networks and ambient networks (ANs). Both technologies permit proximity-triggered seamless networking and are the focus of separate working groups. After introducing UPnP, we look in more detail at the design and management aspects of ambient networks. Though not all networks may be designed to be self-composing, we believe the path is set for this course. We show that we have the technology; the way we use it needs to evolve.
System-on-a-Chip Verification (2002)

System-On-a-Chip Verification: Methodology and Techniques is the first book to cover verification strategies and methodologies for SOC verification from system level verification to the design sign- o
Diffusion estimation for small emissions. Preliminary report (1973)

A simplified approach is presented to the calculation of ground level concentrations of effluents from small industrial and fuel burning installations. It is intended to serve as a first approximation to a very complex process. Because each stack, building, and terrain configuration is different, actual ground concentrations may frequently differ from the values calculated here by a factor of two. Nonetheless, this procedure should be useful for determining whether ambient air quality standards are likely to be met, exceeded, or only marginally obtained. It also predicts the locations where the highest and most frequent ground concentrations are likely. Sampling at several such locations is very advisable, unless the predicted concentrations are quite low. In addition, consultation with a specialist in air pollution meteorology may be desirable, especially in marginal or unique situations. The procedures given here were designed especially for source heights of less than 100 m; some of the simplifications made are not valid for large emissions. In the few cases where more than arithmetic formulas are necessary, simple nomograms are provided.
[Human papilloma viruses (author's transl)]. (1977)

Various types of human papillomas (warts) can be differentiated according to clinical parameters: Verrucae vulgares, plantares, planae and seborrheicae, in addition genital warts (Condylomata acuminata) and laryngeal papillomas. With the exception of Verrucae vulgares and plantares the epidemiology of these types of warts displays significantly different patterns. It was possible to demonstrate the heterogeneity of human wart viruses also by biochemical and serological means: we have identified 4 different types of human papilloma viruses so far, 3 of which are closely related with each other. Their potential role in the induction of malignant tumors in man is discussed.
Studies of based sexual selection and male reproductive performance on the offspring fitness in Drosophila melanogaster (2012)

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has short time life span, these flies, are particular advantage for ageing work, including , life history which divided up into distinct, morphological stages so that the period growth and development can be readily distinguished from the sexual mature ageing adult phase. Sexual selection aging means differential reproduction owing variation in the ability to obtain mates and fertilized oocytes. A few experimental studies have shown that the optimum strategy for males is often to mate with as many females as possible, whereas the optimum strategy for females is likely to select the most attractive male. As a result the mating males to females, the repetitive of mating is very important on the rate of fertility of females, if males has been twice mating by females usually the fertility will be decreased, here the function some secretion from ejaculate of males is very important. Recently the performance of male accessory gland proteins (Acps) were found in Drosophila melanogaster. Acps have been observed cause of increasing female oviposition rates, also increasing the rate of fertility, hatchability, son mating ability, mediate sperm storage, cause part of the survival cost mating male to females, may protect reproductive tracts or gametes from microbial attack, and also hundreds function known and unknown on the reproductive performance in males and females. However, until to date were found almost 25 to 150 proteins in male accessory glands, but also still were not distinguished function of all those proteins. Supporting these hypotheses, here we study the function of ageing on the rate of male sexual secretion and reproductive performance in offspring fitness. The objective of the current study is two-fold: the first aim is to evaluate mechanisms of sexual selection on the age affective in parental traits and second aim, is to evaluate mechanisms of sexual selection on the offspring fitness traits for their potential explained by random mating in the species Drosophila melanogaster.