gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epiregulin Is Not Essential for Development of Intestinal Tumors but Is Required for Protection from Intestinal Damage (2004)

Epiregulin, an epidermal growth factor family member, acts as a local signal mediator and shows dual biological activity, stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts, hepatocytes, smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes while inhibiting the growth of several tumor-derived epithelial cell lines. The epiregulin gene (Ereg) is located on mouse chromosome 5 adjacent to three other epidermal growth factor family members, epigen, amphiregulin, and betacellulin. Gene targeting was used to insert a lacZ reporter into the mouse Ereg locus and to ablate its function. Although epiregulin is broadly expressed and regulated both spatially and temporally, Ereg null mice show no overt developmental defects, reproductive abnormalities, or altered liver regeneration. Additionally, in contrast to previous hypotheses, Ereg deficiency does not alter intestinal cancer susceptibility, as assayed in the ApcMin model, despite showing robust expression in developing tumors. However, Ereg null mice are highly susceptible to cancer-predisposing intestinal damage caused by oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium.
On the Sybil-Proofness of Accounting Mechanisms (2011)

A common challenge in distributed work systems like P2P file-sharing communities, or ad-hoc routing networks, is to minimize the number of free-riders and incentivize contributions. Without any centralized monitoring it is difficult to distinguish contributors from free-riders. One way to address this problem is via accounting mechanisms which rely on voluntary reports by individual agents and compute a score for each agent in the network. In Seuken et al. [11], we have recently proposed a mechanism which removes any incentive for a user to manipulate the mechanism via misreports. However, we left the existence of sybil-proof accounting mechanisms as an open question. In this paper, we settle this question, and show the striking impossibility result that under reasonable assumptions no sybil-proof accounting mechanism exists. We show, that a significantly weaker form of K-sybil-proofness can be achieved against certain classes of sybil attacks. Finally, we explain how limited robustness to sybil manipulations can be achieved by using max-flow algorithms in accounting mechanism design.
256-channel bidirectional optical interconnect using VCSELs and photodiodes on CMOS (2001)

Two-dimensional parallel optical interconnects (2-D-POIs) are capable of providing large connectivity between elements in computing and switching systems. Using this technology we have demonstrated a bidirectional optical interconnect between two printed circuit boards containing optoelectronic (OE) very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits. The OE-VLSI circuits were constructed using vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and photodiodes (PDs) flip-chip bump-bonded to a 0.35-/spl mu/m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip. The CMOS was comprised of 256 laser driver circuits, 256 receiver circuits, and the corresponding buffering and control circuits required to operate the large transceiver array. This is the first system, to our knowledge, to send bidirectional data optically between OE-VLSI chips that have both VCSELs and photodiodes cointegrated on the same substrate.
Electronically Modified Cobalt Aminopyridine Complexes Reveal an Orthogonal Axis for Catalytic Optimization for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction (2020)

The design of effective electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction requires understanding the mechanistic underpinnings governing the binding, reduction, and protonation of CO<sub>2</sub>. A critical aspect to understanding and tuning these factors for optimal catalysis revolves around controlling the electronic environments of the primary and secondary coordination sphere. Herein we report a series of <i>para</i>-substituted cobalt aminopyridine macrocyclic catalysts <b>2</b>-<b>4</b> capable of carrying out the electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO. Under catalytic conditions, complexes <b>2</b>-<b>4</b>, as well as the unsubstituted cobalt aminopyridine complex <b>1</b>, exhibit <i>i</i><sub>cat</sub>/<i>i</i><sub>p</sub> values ranging from 144 to 781. Complexes <b>2</b> and <b>4</b> exhibit a pronounced precatalytic wave suggestive of an ECEC mechanism. A Hammett analysis reveals that ligand modifications with electron-donating groups enhance catalysis (ρ < 0), indicative of positive charge buildup in the transition state. This trend also extends to the Co<sup>I/0</sup> potential, where complexes possessing more negative <i>E</i>(Co<sup>I/0</sup>) reductions exhibit greater <i>i</i><sub>ca</sub><sub>t</sub>/<i>i</i><sub>p</sub> values. The reported modifications offer a synthetic lever to tune catalytic activity, orthogonal to our previous study of the role of pendant hydrogen bond donors.
Lanthanides in organic synthesis. 5. Reduction of vinyloxiranes with samarium diiodide. An efficient route to functionalized chiral, non-racemic (E)-allylic alcohols (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLanthanides in organic synthesis. 5. Reduction of vinyloxiranes with samarium diiodide. An efficient route to functionalized chiral, non-racemic (E)-allylic alcoholsGary A. Molander, Bruce E. La Belle, and Gregory HahnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 26, 5259–5264Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00376a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (828 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New national air-kerma-strength standards for I-125 and Pd-103 brachytherapy seeds (2003)

The new U.S. measurement standard for the air-kerma strength from low-energy photon-emitting brachytherapy seed sources is formally described in detail. This instrument-based standard was implemented on 1 January 1999, with its salient features and the implications of differences with the previous standard given only through a series of informal communications. The Wide-Angle Free-Air Chamber (WAFAC) is specially designed to realize air kerma from a single-seed source emitting photons with energies up to about 40 keV, and is now used to measure the wide variety of seeds used in prostate-cancer therapy that has appeared in the last few years. For the two (125)I seed models that have been subject to both the old and new standards, the new standard reduces the air-kerma strength by 10.3 %. This change is mainly due to the removal of the influence on the measurement of the Ti K x rays produced in the source encapsulation, a component with no clinical significance.
Ion Chromatography Applications (1987)

Basic Principles and Theory. Conventional Ion Chromatography with Conductivity Detection. Nonconventional Methods. Applications. Index. c. 224 pp.
Stochastic Super-Resolution for Downscaling Time-Evolving Atmospheric Fields With a Generative Adversarial Network (2020)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been recently adopted for super-resolution, an application closely related to what is referred to as “downscaling” in the atmospheric sciences: improving the spatial resolution of low-resolution images. The ability of conditional GANs to generate an ensemble of solutions for a given input lends itself naturally to stochastic downscaling, but the stochastic nature of GANs is not usually considered in super-resolution applications. Here, we introduce a recurrent, stochastic super-resolution GAN that can generate ensembles of time-evolving high-resolution atmospheric fields for an input consisting of a low-resolution sequence of images of the same field. We test the GAN using two data sets: one consisting of radar-measured precipitation from Switzerland; the other of cloud optical thickness derived from the Geostationary Earth Observing Satellite 16 (GOES-16). We find that the GAN can generate realistic, temporally consistent super-resolution sequences for both data sets. The statistical properties of the generated ensemble are analyzed using rank statistics, a method adapted from ensemble weather forecasting; these analyses indicate that the GAN produces close to the correct amount of variability in its outputs. As the GAN generator is fully convolutional, it can be applied after training to input images larger than the images used to train it. It is also able to generate time series much longer than the training sequences, as demonstrated by applying the generator to a three-month data set of the precipitation radar data. The source code to our GAN is available at https://github.com/jleinonen/downscaling-rnn-gan.
Tightly coupled positioning and multipath radio channel tracking (2016)

Radio-based localization is an active research topic with a range of applications. In this paper, we focus on localization of a radio receiver equipped with an inertial measurement unit. The localization is performed while simultaneously constructing a map of the small-scale fading pattern in the local radio environment. The map in our case is a ray-trace-based multipath channel model. This solution is enabled by sensor fusion of information from the channel estimation data and the inertial sensors, and it does not assume knowledge of, e.g., transmitter locations. The sensor data are fused in a recursive state space model that combines the kinematic motion model with the ray-based radio channel model, and the state vector is estimated using a particle filter. The choice of the particle filter is justified by the multimodal characteristics of the posterior likelihood distributions that follow from the nonlinearities of the problem. The work is assuming a single receiver antenna, but the approach can be transferred to multiple-antenna systems. We study the performance of the approach under realistic assumptions, based on the performance of today's low-cost inertial sensors and radio systems, including accelerometer and gyroscope noise and radio receiver frequency error and noise. Simulations show significant improvement in long-term positioning performance, evaluated against dead reckoning. The work is concluded with experiments that serve as the proof of concept for the proposed technique, using no extra equipment compared to what can be found in a modern cellular phone.
A Direct Route to Cyclic Organic Nanostructures via Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization of a Dendronized Macromonomer (2009)

Cyclic organic nanostructures were prepared via ring-expansion metathesis polymerization of a dendronized norbornene macromonomer. The strategy provides a direct, efficient route to nanoscale rings in a single operation. AFM imaging confirmed toroidal features having diameters of ca. 35-40 nm.
A study of the transients in resonance fluorescence following a step or a pulse of magnetic field (1970)

Following (i) a sharp step or (ii) a pulse of applied magnetic field, the resonance fluorescence of an atomic vapour exposed to steady linearly polarized resonance radiation undergoes transient behaviour until a new steady state is reached; the form of the transient will be (i) modulation of the intensity with an exponential envelope, or (ii) simple exponential decay. From the modulation period the gJ value of the excited state is obtained. From the exponential decay the lifetime for the relaxation of atomic alignment is obtained directly. The technique, applied to the 63P1 state of mercury, gives 117.4+or-1.0 ns for the natural mean life.
Buckling of simply supported and clamped anisotropic plates under combined loads (1991)

Foliar biomass investment in support and assimilative compartments was studied in four temperate deciduous tree species along a natural light gradient across the canopy. The species ranked according to shade tolerance as Betula pendula Roth. < Populus tremula L. < Fraxinus excelsior L. < Tilia cordata Mill. Long-term light conditions at sampling locations were characterized as seasonal mean integrated quantum flux density (Q(int), mol m(-2) day(-1)) estimated by a method combining hemispherical photography and light measurements with quantum sensors. Leaf morphology was altered by Q(int) in all species. Both lamina and petiole dry mass per lamina area (LMA and PMA, respectively) increased with increasing Q(int). Shade-tolerant species had lower LMA at low Q(int) than shade-intolerant species; however, PMA was not related to shade tolerance. Across species, the ratio of petiole dry mass to lamina dry mass (PMR) varied from 0.07 to 0.21. It was independent of Q(int) in the simple-leaved species, but decreased with increasing Q(int) in the compound-leaved F. excelsior, which also had the largest foliar biomass investment in petioles. Differences in leaf mass and area, ranging over four orders of magnitude, provided an explanation for the interspecific variability in PMR. Species with large leaves also had greater biomass investments in foliar support than species with smaller leaves. This relationship was similar for both simple- and compound-leaved species. There was a negative relationship between PMR and petiole N concentration, suggesting that petioles had greater carbon assimilation rates and paid back a larger fraction of their construction cost in species with low PMR than in species with high PMR. This was probably the result of a negative relationship between PMR and petiole surface to volume ratio. Nevertheless, petioles had lower concentrations of mineral nutrients than laminas. Across species, the ratio of petiole N to lamina N varied from only 3 to 6%, demonstrating that petiole costs are less in terms of nutrients than in terms of total biomass, and that the petiole contribution to carbon assimilation is disproportionately lower than that of the lamina contribution.
Mobile Python: Rapid prototyping of applications on the mobile platform (2007)

Mobile Python is the introduction of Python programming language to the mobile space. This practical hands-on book teaches readers how to realize their application ideas on the Symbian OS. Programming on the Symbian mobile platform has been difficult and time consuming in the past. This innovative new title will remedy this problem. Chapters deal with topics that are based on Python S60 features and presented in an order that lets the user learn first the simple to code ones and then increasing in complexity.
Monoclonal antibody characterization of the 195-kilodalton major surface glycoprotein of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria schizonts and merozoites: identification of additional processed products and a serotype-restricted repetitive epitope. (1987)

The gp195 from Camp strain parasites was characterized with eight monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that recognize different epitopes on gp195 and three of its merozoite-associated processed products. Four MAb (3H7, 3B10, 7F1, and 4G12) reacted with different epitopes on the 45-kDa glycosylated product (gp45), shown by differences in their reactivities with soluble and immunoblotted gp45. One MAb (7H10) reacted with a conformational epitope probably formed as a result of the interaction of gp45 with a nonglycosylated 45-kDa product (p45). Three other MAb (3D3, 7B11, and 7B2) reacted with different epitopes on a nonglycosylated 83-kDa product (p83), shown by differences in their reactivities against various parasite isolates in immunofluorescent antibody assays. Immunoprecipitation of antigens that were pulse-labeled with [3H]isoleucine and chased with cold isoleucine showed that p45 and gp45 were processed products of gp195 and p83 was sequentially processed into smaller fragments of 73 and 67 kDa (p73 and p67). Immunoblots showed that the 7B11 and 7B2 epitopes were present on p83, p73, and p67, but that the 3D3 epitope was present only on p83 and p73. A two-site immunoassay showed the 3D3 epitope to be repetitive. The 3D3 and 7B11 epitopes were serotype restricted (present in seven and 24 of 33 isolates, respectively), but the other five epitopes were common to all isolates tested. The gp195 and its processed products have Mr that are consistent with the Mr of a number of antigens shown previously to be associated with the immune complexes that are formed when merozoites are agglutinated by antibodies contained in some growth inhibitory immune sera.
Studies on jackfruit seed starch as a novel natural superdisintegrant for the design and evaluation of irbesartan fast dissolving tablets (2017)

The tablets prepared from jackfruit seed starch as superdisintegrant were found to be suitable for preparation of fast dissolving tablets.
Local-area networks go wireless (1996)

As standards emerge, data rates rise, and laptops seek connectivity, wireless LANs are finding a market niche as extensions to wired networks. Wireless LANs have found homes in buildings where installing wires would expose asbestos or destroy historic architecture. They have also proved valuable to companies that often relocate and want networks they can take with them. Another common use is for connecting wired LANs that are physically separated. The growth has been fueled by the desire to add wireless adjuncts to wired LANs, so that mobile workers can keep in constant contact with corporate networks over short distances. The author discusses the befits of wireless LANs. The radio based wireless LAN is discussed including multipath interference and data bottlenecks. The infrared based wireless LAN is also discussed and an inset discusses standards for wireless LANs.
[Clarification of the pathogenesis and development of clinical examination for allergic diseases]. (2007)

The incidence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased in recent decades in Japan; therefore, it is important to establish ways to diagnose allergic patients based on their pathogenesis and to treat them. Allergic diseases are complicated and diverse disorders in which various cells and mediators are involved; however, it is widely accepted that they are Th2-type inflammations triggered by the invasion of allergens. It is known that either IL-4 or IL-13, particularly the latter, has an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma among Th-2 type cytokines; however, it is unclear how IL-4 or IL-13 causes asthmatic phenotypes. We have been trying to address this question by using microarray analysis. We have recently found that periostin, identified as an IL-4/IL-13-inducible gene by microarray analysis, is a novel component of subepithelial fibrosis of bronchial asthma. This finding is important to demonstrate the significance of IL-4 and/or IL-13 as a therapeutic target to inhibit fibrosis in bronchial asthma. Furthermore, it is also important to establish a way to diagnose allergic patients in which IL-4 or IL-13 is dominantly involved, and to apply the developing IL-4/IL-13 inhibitors to these patients. In this article, we show how we are addressing this issue.
Design of a ribozyme targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase and cloning of it’s gene (2003)

This fundamental work of successful designing and cloning of an anti-hTERT hammerhead ribozyme has paved the way for further study of inhibiting tumor cell growth by cleaving hTERT mRNA with ribozyme.
Circuit techniques for a VLSI memory (1983)

This paper describes circuit techniques necessary for dynamic RAMs with high-packing density to implement submicron device technology. An on-chip error checking and correcting technique using bidirectional parity checking is proposed to reduce the soft error rate. In a sense-refresh amplifier, capacitor-coupled presenting is introduced to compensate for threshold imbalance. An on-chip supply voltage conversion is described as a solution for a hot carrier-injection problem. A 256K CMOS dynamic RAM has been designed and fabricated as a test vehicle for these techniques.
Packet Switching in the MICRONET Network Computer (1982)

Packet switching is a communication technology which has been used extensively in geographically distributed computer networks. It is also applicable to the communication subnetworks of compact multimicrocomputers known as network computers. This paper describes the use of the language Concurrent Pascal to build a packet-switching subsystem for the MICRONET network of DEC LSI-11 microcomputers. Examples of actual Concurrent Pascal source code taken from the system demonstrate the usefulness of high-level languages with abstract data types for complex communication software.
Triazole Cross-Resistance among <i>Candida</i> spp.: Case Report, Occurrence among Bloodstream Isolates, and Implications for Antifungal Therapy (2006)

Candida spp. are common causes of bloodstream infections among hospitalized patients. Fluconazole (FLC) remains a first-line therapy for candidemia; and voriconazole (VRC), an expanded-spectrum triazole, was recently approved for the treatment of candidemia in nonneutropenic patients. In vitro studies have suggested that VRC has potent activity against Candida spp. with reduced susceptibilities to FLC. We present a case report of invasive candidiasis and candidemia due to a Candida glabrata isolate that developed resistance to all currently available triazole antifungals after a course of FLC treatment. This case prompted us to determine the frequency of cross-resistance among bloodstream Candida isolates collected during a recent 12-month period at a large, academic medical center. FLC MICs were determined for 125 of 153 isolates (81.7%). Thirty of 125 isolates (24%) were resistant or showed reduced susceptibilites to FLC (MICs >/= 16 microg/ml). When 28 of these 30 isolates were tested for their VRC susceptibilities, 9 (32%) had MICs that were >/=2 microg/ml. Five of these nine isolates were C. glabrata, two isolates were Candida tropicalis, one isolate was Candida albicans, and one isolate was Candida parapsilosis. All five Candida krusei isolates tested had VRC MICs </=0.5 microg/ml. These data have prompted the introduction of reflexive FLC susceptibility testing of first bloodstream Candida isolates at our institution. The case report and our data also suggest that VRC should be avoided as initial therapy in unstable patients with invasive candidiasis, particularly in the setting of prior azole exposure. Studies are needed to define the clinical significance of in vitro resistance to the newer antifungal agents.