gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on <i>Eimeria grenieri</i> in the guinea fowl (<i>Numida meleagris</i>) (1978)

Summary Eimeria grenieri was isolated from intensively reared guinea fowl in Britain. The oocysts had average dimensions of 21·09 × 15·48 μm and a small micropyle. Three generations of schizonts were found in the small intestine. The first mature schizonts were found in the upper intestine 30 h after inoculation. Second-generation schizonts were seen 48–80 h and third-generation schizonts were present 80–96 h after inoculation. These schizonts were found in the middle and lower small intestine. It was confirmed that gametogony of this species occurs only in the caeca. The pre-patent time was 112 h and the reproductive index from a dose of 6 × 10 2 oocysts was 8 × 10 4 . Doses of between 1 × 10 4 and 1 × 10 6 caused severe depression of body weight gain. Immunity to re-infection developed rapidly. Sulphaquinoxaline at a dose of 0·04% in the drinking water given after inoculation was effective in reducing the pathogenic effects of the disease. Robenidine given in the food at a concentration of 16·5 ppm (50% of the recommended concentration for chickens) was effective in preventing disease caused by E. grenieri . The endogenous life-cycle of E. grenieri was completed in the chorioallantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos.
High-speed CRC design for 10 Gbps applications (2006)

The use of cyclic redundancy codes (CRCs) in many high-throughput applications has made the design of parallel CRC circuitry an important research topic. Parallel implementation of the linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) requires multiple input bits being processed at the same time; therefore, is much faster than the serial implementation. The common way to process M input bits simultaneously is to multiply the companion metric M times and put the resulting circuit in the feedback loop. This, however, will increase the circuit complexity within the loop so as to limit the final speedup ratio. In this paper, based on the state-space transformation, we investigate how to design high-speed CRC circuitry for 10 Gbps applications. Our design can efficiently deal with the case that the length of the message bits is not a multiple of M and achieves low-cost solution by sharing the input block with the output block outside the feedback loop.
Iron-Catalyzed, Hydrogen-Mediated Reductive Cyclization of 1,6-Enynes and Diynes: Evidence for Bis(imino)pyridine Ligand Participation (2009)

The bis(imino)pyridine iron dinitrogen complex (((i)Pr)PDI)Fe(N(2))(2) catalyzes the hydrogen-mediated reductive cyclization of enynes and diynes with turnover frequencies comparable to those of established precious metal catalysts. Amino, oxygenated, and carbon-based substrates are readily cyclized to the corresponding hetero- and carbocycles with 5 mol % iron and 4 atm H(2) at 23 degrees C. Stoichiometric reactions between selected substrates and the iron compound under a N(2) atmosphere established transfer dehydrogenation from an isopropyl aryl substituent to either the enyne or diyne substrate. In situ monitoring of the catalytic reaction by (1)H NMR spectroscopy coupled with deuterium labeling experiments established rapid cyclization followed by turnover-limiting hydrogenation.
Chondrocyte Repopulation of Allograft Cartilage: A Preliminary Investigation and Strategy for Developing Cartilage Matrices for Reconstruction (2002)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of devitalized cartilage to sustain repopulation by allogenic chondrocytes and to use 2‐photon microscopy to assess cultured chondrocyte viability. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING At an academic medical center, we conducted experimental analysis of lagomorph nasal septa devitalized by subjecting them to either 1) chemical dehydration in ethanol, 2) lyophilization (freeze dry), or 3) repeated freeze‐thaw (12 cycles) in liquid nitrogen. The processed cartilages were seeded with chondrocytes isolated from the septa of either the same rabbit or another rabbit and cultured for 4 weeks. They were assessed with a variety of techniques. RESULTS The seeded chondrocytes maintained viability on the devitalized cartilage throughout the study period. Two‐photon microscopy was effective in assessing the viability of cultured chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Isolated lagomorph chondrocytes can be maintained in allogenic cartilage grafts devitalized using conventional physicochemical techniques. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first experimental study to demonstrate that cultured chondrocytes can be maintained on devitalized cartilage.
Molecular cloning of the murine homologue of CD2. Homology of the molecule to its human counterpart T11. (1988)

In order to characterize the mouse homologue of the CD2 molecule, which has not yet been identified by immunologic means, cDNA clones putatively encoding mouse CD2 have been isolated by cross-hybridization with a cDNA probe for rat CD2. The predicted amino acid sequence of the putative mouse CD2 protein is consistent with that of a transmembrane glycoprotein, i.e., it consists of an N-terminal region of 186 amino acids bearing six potential N-glycosylation sites, a hydrophobic transmembrane segment of 25 residues, and a large cytoplasmic region of 116 amino acids rich in proline and basic residues. Comparison with the human and rat CD2 sequences clearly indicated the predicted mouse protein to be the mouse equivalent. Striking evolutionary conservations between mouse, rat, and human CD2 were found in their cytoplasmic region, suggesting a functional consequence of that segment for the physiologic role of CD2, such as signal transduction. RNA blot hybridization analysis demonstrated the expression of CD2 in T lymphocytes and in the NK cell lineage in mice. These data strongly suggest that the putative mouse CD2 molecule may perform some biologic functions in mouse T lymphocytes and NK cells as documented in humans.
The Influence of Temperature, Pressure, Salinity, and Surfactant Concentration on the Interfacial Tension of the N-Octane-Water System (2005)

An elaborate experimental study was conducted for the determination of the interfacial tension (IFT) values for a n-octane/water system for a wide range of experimental conditions of temperatures, pressures, and salt concentrations that exist in a natural oil reservoir. Three different surfactants were used in the analysis: dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The measured IFT values were correlated linearly to pressure (P), temperature (T), and salt concentration (CB) in the aqueous phase. There was an almost 20-fold reduction noticed in the IFT values with the addition of surfactants. This behavior was best related by an exponential pexpression in terms of the surfactant concentration (CS) as given below: The experimental data for the three surfactants can be represented independently by the above correlation. The absolute average percentage error was always less than 7% for the different data sets considered. Keywords: Enhanced oil recoveryInterfacial tensionSolubilityConcentrationRegressionn-Octane Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the research administration at Kuwait University for partially sponsoring this research under grant EC072. We would also like to thank Prof. El-Gibaly for many helpful discussions at the beginning of this work.
Femtosecond laser peening of 2024 aluminum alloy without a sacrificial overlay under atmospheric conditions (2016)

The authors have successfully performed femtosecond laser peening on a 2024 aluminum alloy without any sacrificial overlays. Laser pulses were directly irradiated to the surface of specimens in the air without water film as a plasma confinement medium during the peening treatment. The fatigue life was improved as much as 38 times in comparison with base material at a stress amplitude of 195 MPa. The fatigue strength of the peened specimen after 2 × 106 cycles was 58 MPa larger than that of the base material. The femtosecond laser peening process has a great potential to be applied in various fields where conventional peening methods cannot be used, as this process can be performed under ambient conditions without the use of a plasma confinement medium such as water or transparent materials.
Software design techniques for the man machine interface to a complex underwater vehicle (2002)

As underwater vehicle complexity grows, so does the manpower needed to operate and maintain them. This paper describes the architecture of the software used to operate FOSS (Fiber-Optic Survey System), a complex full ocean depth towed vehicle. This system operates using the UNIX operating system and the X Windows graphical user interface. It is in constant serial communication with 25 different devices both on the vehicle itself and in the shipboard control van, providing centralized control as well as automatic fault detection, enhancing vehicle reliability while reducing operator workload, and thus significantly lowering operational costs. The paper explains the distributed architecture used to continually monitor over 70 analog channels, including leak detectors, current sensors, voltage sensors, and ground fault detectors, and the techniques used to provide immediate warnings to the operator when any signal falls outside of allowed parameters. Also detailed is: how the system manages and catalogs the media used by the vehicle's 2 electronic still cameras, 4 subsea video cameras, and the side-scan sonar; providing centralized indication of the recording time remaining for each system; logs of the media recorded; and even printed labels. The paper describes the techniques used to receive data from the various sensors, and redistribute it in proper format to all other systems, thus continually tagging all data streams with time, date, vehicle and ship position, vehicle attitude, water temperature, and transmissometer data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance of a prototype 32&times;32 pixel indirect x-ray imager based on a lateral selenium passive pixel sensor (2012)

An interface has been developed to capture frames taken by X-ray array imagers up to 64×64 pixels. An application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed solely for X-ray flat panel imaging readout circuitry, manufactured by FLIR® called Indigo (also known as ISC9717), was used as part of charge-amplifier block. An Altera Cyclone II FPGA is used to serve three purposes: Create pulses required for gate-driver block, Receive fast-stream data coming from the Indigo chip, and Send data through RS-232 protocol over a serial cable to a personal computer. Initial results for a 32×32 passive pixel sensor (PPS) with lateral amorphous Selenium metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector were presented in [1]. This work focuses more on methods used to improve the images obtained from the array. Sharper images produced in sync with the light source are presented. In addition, insight into array readout circuitry and capturing a frame from an array is discussed.
Genetic Control of Resistance to Subgroup A and Subgroup C Tumour Viruses in Rhode Island Red Fowl: Evidence for Linkage between the Tumour Virus a (tva) and Tumour Virus c (tvc) Loci (1977)

A study, using the Rhode Island Red (RIR) strain of fowl maintained at Houghton Poultry Research Station, was made to investigate the genetic control of cellular response to infection with viruses of subgroups A and C. Family matings within the RIR strain and test-crosses between the RIR parents and White Leghorn (WL) parents of known ararcrcr genotype were set up to ascertain linkage between the tumour virus a (tva) and tumour virus c (tvc) loci. The results confirmed that in this RIR strain, the two loci, tva and tvc, control the cellular response to viruses of subgroups A and C, respectively, as reported in other breeds of fowl (WL and New Hampshire). As in WL fowl, the two loci are linked. The linkage value of 0-22 in the male sex agreed well with that reported in the WL male sex, indicating that the two loci are located in the same sites in homologous chromosomes in the two breeds. However, in the RIR strain, no sex difference in crossing over between the two linked loci was found, contrary to that reported in WL fowl where the absence of crossing over between the two loci was observed in the heterogametic female sex.
Tolerance of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides and their prebiotic activity in healthy subjects: a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study (2009)

The tolerance and prebiotic effect following oral intake by healthy human subjects of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS), produced by partial enzymic hydrolysis of the wheat fibre arabinoxlyan, were studied. A total of twenty healthy subjects participated in the present randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study. They consumed 10 g AXOS or placebo per d each for 3 weeks with a 4-week wash-out period in between. Before and immediately after each intake period, blood samples were taken to measure haematological and clinical chemistry parameters and the subjects completed a questionnaire about gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, urine was collected over 48 h for analysis of p-cresol and phenol content by GC-MS, and faeces were collected over 72 h for analysis of microbiota using real-time PCR. Of the subjects, ten also performed a urine and faeces collection 2 weeks after the start of intake (during intervention). A limited number of tested blood parameters were influenced in a statistically significantly way by either AXOS or placebo intake, but these changes remained within the normal range. Blood lipids remained unchanged. AXOS had no statistically significant effect on the range of gastrointestinal symptoms, except for a mild increase in flatulence. Urinary p-cresol excretion, an indicator of protein fermentation, was significantly decreased after 2 weeks of AXOS intake. The levels of bifidobacteria were significantly increased after 2 and 3 weeks of AXOS intake as well as after 3 weeks of placebo. However, the effect of AXOS on bifidobacteria was more pronounced than that of placebo. In conclusion, AXOS are a well-tolerated prebiotic at the dose of 10 g/d. AXOS intake increases faecal bifidobacteria and reduces urinary p-cresol excretion.
Lack of inhibitory effects of the anti‐fibrotic drug imatinib on endothelial cell functions <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized by microangiopathy with progressive loss of capillaries and tissue fibrosis. Imatinib exerts potent anti-fibrotic effects and is currently evaluated in clinical trials. The aim of the present study was to exclude that the anti-fibrotic effects of imatinib are complicated by inhibitory effects on endothelial cell functions, which might augment vascular disease in SSc. Endothelial cells and mice were treated with pharmacologically relevant concentrations of imatinib. The expression of markers of vascular activation was assessed with real-time PCR. Proliferation was analysed with the cell counting experiments and the MTT assay. Apoptosis was quantified with caspase 3 assays, annexin V in vitro and with TUNEL staining in vivo. Migration was studied with scratch and transwell assays. Tube forming was investigated with the matrigel assay. Imatinib did not alter the expression of markers of vascular activation. Imatinib did not increase the percentage of annexin V positive cells or the activity of caspase 3. No reduction in proliferation or metabolic activity of endothelial cells was observed. Imatinib did not affect migration of endothelial cells and did not reduce the formation of capillary tubes. Consistent with the in vitro data, no difference in the number of apoptotic endothelial cells was observed in vivo in mice treated with imatinib. Imatinib does not inhibit activation, viability, proliferation, migration or tube forming of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, treatment with imatinib might not augment further endothelial cell damage in SSc.
From novice to expert: the effect of tutorials on user expertise with spoken dialogue systems (1998)

One of the challenges for the current state of the art in spoken dialogue systems is how to make the limitations of the system apparent to users. These limitations have many sources: limited vocabulary, limited grammar, or limitations in the application domain. This study explored the use of a 4-minute tutorial session to acquaint novice users with the features of a spoken dialogue system for accessing email. On a set of three scenariobased tasks, novice users who had the tutorial had task completion times and user satisfaction ratings that were comparable to those of expert users of the system. Novices who did not experience the tutorial had significantly longer task completion times on the initial task, but similar completion times to the tutorial group on the final task. User satisfaction ratings of the no-tutorial group were consistently lower than the ratings of the tutorial and the expert groups. Evaluation using the PARADISE [7] framework indicated that perceived task completion, mean recognition score, and number of help requests were significant predictors of user satisfaction with the system.
A Source Code Similarity System for Plagiarism Detection (2012)

Journal Article A Source Code Similarity System for Plagiarism Detection Get access Zoran Đurić, Zoran Đurić * 1Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Banjaluka, Patre 5, 78 000 Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: zoran.djuric@etfbl.net Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dragan Gašević Dragan Gašević 2School of Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 56, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 70–86, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxs018 Published: 13 March 2012 Article history Received: 01 September 2011 Revision received: 07 February 2012 Published: 13 March 2012
DNA vaccines: basic mechanism and immune responses (Review). (1999)

DNA vaccines raise immune responses by expressing proteins in vaccinated hosts. Responses are raised by nanogram levels of protein expression. Popular methods of DNA delivery include intramuscular (i. m.) injections of DNA in saline and gene gun delivery of DNA-coated gold beads to the epidermis. Professional antigen-presenting cells derived from the bone marrow present DNA-expressed antigens to T-cells. Following gene gun immunizations directly transfected dendritic cells present antigens, whereas following i.m. immunizations both directly transfected dendritic cells and macrophages can present antigen. For both methods of DNA delivery, non-lymphoid cells can serve as factories of antigen for professional antigen presenting cells. Gene gun immunizations depend on antigen expression at the skin target whereas i.m. immunizations are largely independent of DNA expression in the muscle target. For both methods, antigen expression capable of initiating an immune response persists for about one month. intramuscular deliveries of DNA tend to raise type 1 T-cell help for intracellular and plasma membrane antigens but type 2 T-cell help for secreted antigens. Gene gun immunizations tend to raise type 2 T-cell help for both cell-associated and secreted antigens. In mice, DNA-raised immune responses can be equivalent to those raised by viral infections for both the height and longevity of antibody and cytotoxic T-cell responses.
A genetic variant at the fatty acid-binding protein <i>aP2</i> locus reduces the risk for hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (2006)

Obesity and the associated pathologies including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease constitute a major threat to global human health. Yet, the genetic factors that differentially predispose individuals to this cluster of pathologies are unclear. The fatty acid-binding protein aP2 is a cytoplasmic lipid chaperon expressed in adipocytes and macrophages. Mice with aP2 deficiency are partially resistant to obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, have lower circulating triglycerides, and exhibit marked protection against atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrate a functionally significant genetic variation at the aP2 locus in humans that results in decreased adipose tissue aP2 expression due to alteration of the CAAT box/enhancer-binding protein binding and reduced transcriptional activity of the aP2 promoter. In population genetic studies with 7,899 participants, individuals that carry this T-87C polymorphism had lower serum triglyceride levels and significantly reduced risk for coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes compared with subjects homozygous for the WT allele. Taken together, our results indicate that reduction in aP2 activity in humans generate a metabolically favorable phenotype that is similar to aP2 deficiency in experimental models.
Television in Color from Motion Picture Film<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J08060">*</xref>--> (1931)

If a television scanning disk is placed close to the ridged film in a Kodacolor projector, and three photoelectric cells are placed side by side in front of the projection lens, three sets of photoelectric signals will be produced, each corresponding to one of the primary colors. It is not necessary to use the color filters ordinarily placed before the lens or color-sensitive photoelectric cells, since the black and white strip images on the film contain the complete record of the characteristics of each colored image. The three sets of signals are transmitted over three communication channels and actuate a three-color receiving apparatus previously described.
MMS: A materials management system (1993)

The contractor's ability to manage the flow of materials has a great impact on the profitability of the firm. MMS has been developed and is presented in this article: it is an effective, practice-oriented, and automated materials management system. MMS consists of ten modules: (1) project information module, (2) vendor information module, (3) product master list module, (4) reference numbers and description module, (5) bid quantities module, (6) materials ordered module, (7) materials received and invoice verification module, (8) materials used module, (9) submittals management module, and (10) report generator module. The data entered through the first nine modules is accessed through the report generator module to produce the appropriate reports necessary to make effective management decisions and to keep abreast of daily activities. MMS was developed in conjunction with three competent local general contractors (ENR-rated top 400 contractors), and is designed for small- to medium-sized general contractors and large subcontractors. The information retrieved from MMS can be used by estimators, accountants, project managers, field engineers, and materials managers. Development, acceptance, and continued use of such systems should contribute to the efficiency and profitability of contractors.
Force Control Deficits in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease, Multiple Systems Atrophy, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (2013)

Slowness in contracting and relaxing force represent general features of PD, MSAp, and PSP, whereas producing additional force pulses was specific to PSP. Combining motor and cognitive measures provides a robust method for characterizing behavioral features of PSP compared to MSAp and PD.
The Conductance of Heptyl Viologen Dibromide in Water and Methanol (1976)

The conductance of heptyl viologen dibromide in water and methanol has been measured. The data have been treated according to the theory of Murphy and Cohen, extended to account for incomplete dissociation. In water, heptyl viologen dibromide is completely dissociated; in methanol, the dissociation of the second bromide ion is incomplete with a dissociation constant . The heptyl viologen ion obeys the Walden rule in these two solvents.