gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution in corals (1996)

This article is a summary of the main points about the evolution of corals put forward in Veron (1995). The main points presented are first, a family tree of the Scleractinia; second, an analysis of genera and their present-day global distributions, age patterns and diversity, including the Cenozoic fossil record; third, coral species and their global distributions, species determination in fossils of Pliocene to Recent age, their geologic history and geographic characteristics; fourth, the theoretical aspects of coral evolution based on surface circulation vicariance, reticulate evolution, and the nature and origin of species. For non-biologists, important concepts and terms are noted in bold and are defined in a glossary at the end of the text.
Preparation and Characterization of Rutile-TiO2 Nanorods (2004)

To study the osteogenesis and transformation process of calcium phosphate bioceramic in vivo, biodegradable porous fl-tricalcium phosphate ceramics (fl-TCP, `5£8 mm) were implanted in the tibia of rabbits. fl-TCP ceramics with surrounding bone tissue were retrieved and observed by SEM, TEM and EPMA every month after implantation. The results showed that osteogenesis was active and fl-TCP ceramics bonded to bones directly. The new bones were forming and maturing as materials were continuously degrading, and materials were finally replaced by new bone. Parts of the materials were degraded, absorbed and recrystallized, while the rest were dispersed to the spongy bone and the Haversian lamella in an irregular arrangement, becoming incorporated into bone formation directly by remodeling the structure. Some fl-TCP crystals cleaved along its (001) rhombohedral plane and formed lath-like crystals in vivo.
Chemotactic factor inactivation by stimulated human neutrophils mediated by myeloperoxidase-catalyzed methionine oxidation. (1982)

Leukocyte chemoattractants were inactivated when exposed to human neutrophils and either ingestible particles or phorbol esters. Loss of biologic activity was time- and temperature-dependent, required physiologic concentrations of viable neutrophils and a halide, and was inhibited by azide or catalase. Neutrophils from patients with either hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency or chronic granulomatous disease failed to inactivate the chemoattractants unless purified myeloperoxidase or H2O2, respectively, was added. Susceptibility to inactivation by neutrophils correlated with the presence of methionine in the attractant. Loss of chemotactic activity was blocked by low concentrations of methionine and by higher concentrations of other reducing agents, but was unaffected by oxidized methionine. Paper chromatography demonstrated that exposure of a formyl-methionyl peptide chemotactic factor to either the cellfree myeloperoxidase system or stimulated neutrophils resulted in its conversion to a molecular species whose location in the chromatographs was identical to that of the peptide containing oxidized methionine. Thus, stimulated human neutrophils inactivate peptide chemoattractants by secretion of myeloperoxidase and H2O2, which combine with halides to form oxidants that react with a critical methionine residue. We suggest that myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thioethers may constitute an inflammatory control mechanism as well as a general means of modifying the functional properties of biologic mediators.
Towards a market mechanism for heterogeneous secondary spectrum usage: An evolutionary approach (2012)

Most research assume a clean slate approach towards the emergence of secondary spectrum markets. Additionally markets are typically designed with an underlying assumption of participating actors being homogeneous (i.e. using similar wireless architecture). In contrast with above we take an evolutionary approach when designing our market mechanism towards heterogeneous secondary usage of the radio spectrum. The evolution of trading markets is reflected in the incremental steps used in our research, i.e. starting from Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11) capacity markets, followed by super Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11af) capacity markets and finally TV White Spaces (TVWS) spectrum leasing markets. We study the market mechanisms across a heterogeneous set of actors involving both wide area (WA) and local area (LA) operators and focus on creating a win-win scenario for all the participating entities. We make use of literature review and Value Network Configuration (VNC) methodology for illustrating the design of market mechanism and further evaluate the designed mechanism using Agent Based Modeling (ABM). Based on our simulation results we observe that a generic trade-off exist between the length of lease time, trade facilitation cost and the extent of trading activity within the markets. We also observe that there exists an optimal range of lease time for which all the market players find themselves in economically favourable situation. We compare super Wi-Fi capacity markets and TVWS spectrum leasing markets over performance of MOs and TV broadcasters to conclude that a local area strategy seems better suited and more efficient to be adopted for TVWS usage.
Diagnostic stability and evolution of bipolar disorder in clinical practice: a prospective cohort study (2007)

There was a high prevalence of misdiagnosis and diagnostic shift from other psychiatric disorders to BD. Temporal consistency was lower than in other studies.
Analysis of Interdomain Smart Routing and Traffic Engineering Interactions (2007)

Multihoming smart routing plays a significant role in improving the performance of Internet access of IP network customers through dynamic path switching. On the other hand, inter-domain traffic engineering becomes indispensable for IP network providers, in order for them to meet their traffic objectives. Unfortunately, this ability of both parties to choose their own routing policies does not necessary lead to the best routing in the Internet. A major challenge of the research on traffic engineering and Internet routing architectures is to accommodate this tussle. However, little is known about the interactions between Inter-domain smart routing and traffic engineering. In this paper, we analyse such interactions through intuitive descriptions and a simulation model. In our evaluations, we observed that the overall stability can benefit from combining Inter-domain adaptive smart routing and traffic engineering. However, we also observed that the effectiveness of Inter-domain traffic engineering can be negatively affected by interdomain routing changes performed by smart routing.
Properties and structure of soda-lime aluminosilicate glasses (1989)

The properties of soda-lime aluminosilicate glasses have been measured for several series of glasses containing a constant silica content, with varying ratios of soda to lime and of modifier oxides to alumina. The results demonstrate that a systematic variation in the effect of modifier ions occurs as lime replaces soda. The sharp breaks observed in the properties of sodium aluminosilicate glasses disappear as soda is replaced by lime. A structural model is suggested to account for these changes in behavior.
Development of a Recycling Process for Li-Ion Batteries (2012)

The rechargeable secondary Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery is expected to grow to more than $6.3 billion by 2012 from ~$4.6 billion in 2006. With the development of personnel electronics, hybrid and electric vehicles, Li-ion batteries will be more in demand. However, Li-ion batteries are not widely recycled because it is not economically justifiable (in contrast, at present more than 97% Lead-acid batteries are recycled). So far, no commercial methods are available to recycle different chemical Li-ion batteries economically and efficiently. Considering our limited resources, environmental impact, and national security, Li-ion batteries must be recycled. A new methodology with low temperature and high efficiency is proposed in order to recycle Li-ion batteries economically and with industrial viability. The separation and synthesis of cathode materials (most valuable in Li-ion batteries) from recycled components are the main focus of the proposed research. The analytical results showed that the recycling process is practical and has high recovery efficiency, create great commercial value as well.
Temperature-induced synthesis of specific proteins in Escherichia coli: evidence for transcriptional control (1980)

Synthesis of several protein chains of Escherichia coli is markedly, though transiently, induced upon shift-up of a log-phase culture to or above the critical temperature (about 34 degrees C). Such induction occurs coordinately for at least three protein chains (76K, 73K, and 64K) examined. Studies of initial kinetics of induction using a specific inhibitor of transcription (rifampin) revealed that induction occurs at the level of transcription with very little lag, though actual synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acids and proteins requires about 1 min when temperature is shifted up from 30 to 42 degrees C. Evidence suggests that E. coli cells somehow "recognize" the temperature change and activate transcription of several distinct operons, one of which contains the mop (morphogenesis of phages; groE) gene.
Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: an update (2000)

This paper updates the evidence base and key recommendations of the Health Education Authority (HEA) smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals published in Thorax in 1998. The strategy for updating the evidence base makes use of updated Cochrane reviews supplemented by individual studies where appropriate. This update contains additional detail concerning the effectiveness of interventions as well as comments on issues relating to implementation. The recommendations include clarification of some important issues addressed only in general terms in the original guidelines. The conclusion that smoking cessation interventions delivered through the National Health Service are an extremely cost effective way of preserving life and reducing ill health remains unchanged. The strategy recommended by the guidelines involves: (1) GPs opportunistically advising smokers to stop during routine consultations, giving advice on and/or prescribing effective medications to help them and referring them to specialist cessation services; (2) specialist smokers' services providing behavioural support (in groups or individually) for smokers who want help with stopping and using effective medications wherever possible; (3) specialist cessation counsellors providing behavioural support for hospital patients and pregnant smokers who want help with stopping; (4) all health professionals involved in smoking cessation encouraging and assisting smokers in use of nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) or bupropion where appropriate. The key points of clarification of the previous guidelines include: (1) primary health care teams and hospitals should create and maintain readily accessible records on the current smoking status of patients; (2) GPs should aim to advise smokers to stop, and record having done so, at least once a year; (3) inpatient, outpatient, and pregnant smokers should be advised to stop as early as possible and the advice recorded in the notes in a readily accessible form; (4) there is currently little scientific basis for matching individual smokers to particular forms of NRT; (5) NHS specialist smokers' clinics should be the first point of referral for smokers wanting help beyond what can be provided through brief advice from the GP; (6) help from trained health care professionals specialising in smoking cessation such as practice nurses should be available for smokers who do not have access to specialist clinics; (7) the provision of specialist NHS smokers' clinics should be commensurate with demand; this is currently one or two full time clinics or their equivalent per average sized health authority, but demand may rise as publicity surrounding the services increases.
The Role of Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (2010)

Tau, the microtubule-associated protein, forms insoluble filaments that accumulate as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Under physiological conditions, tau regulates the assembly and maintenance of the structural stability of microtubules. In the diseased brain, however, tau becomes abnormally hyperphosphorylated, which ultimately causes the microtubules to disassemble, and the free tau molecules aggregate into paired helical filaments. A large body of evidence suggests that tau hyperphosphorylation results from perturbation of cellular signaling, mainly through imbalance in the activities of different protein kinases and phosphatases. In AD, it appears that ß-amyloid peptide (Aß) plays a pivotal role in triggering this imbalance. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of tau in AD and other tauopathies, and highlight key issues that need to be addressed to improve the success of developing novel therapies.
Micropiles: the state of practice Part 1: Characteristics, definitions and classifications (1997)

A major study of micropiles has recently been funded by the Federal Highway Authority (FHWA) in the United States. The subject is limited to drilled and grouted, cast-in-place, reinforced piles of nominal diameter less than 300 mm. Such piles are used for direct structural underpinning, and, when installed closely spaced in groups or networks, are used for in-situ soil reinforcement. They have become increasingly popular throughout the world since their inception in Italy in 1952, and are widely used in association with urban and industrial development and redevelopment projects. In the series of five papers, the major findings of the FHWA study are presented. Part 1 in the current paper, deals with the background to the FHWA study, characteristics and definitions, classification, historical development and types of application. Part 2 summarizes design, with distinctions drawn between single piles, and groups and networks of piles. Part 3 describes construction techniques, with reference to various national practices. Part 4 discusses testing procedures, while Part 5 provides summaries of well documented case histories which illustrate the application of the principles introduced in the first four parts. As an integral feature of Parts 2, 3 and 4, the gaps in current knowledge are highlighted, as a possible guide to future research.
LEON-2: General Purpose Processor for a Wireless Engine (2006)

The paper presents a case study on the implementation of LEON-2 processor system on a chip. LEON-2 core is used as a general purpose processor for the concept of high-performance low-power wireless engine. The implemented processor system has been verified and become a reusable module of our modular library. The measured speed and power consumption of implemented system on a chip prove LEON-2 processor is a good processor candidate for the target application
Custom Implants for Reconstruction of Craniofacial Defects (1976)

This method deals with the fabrication of a custom silicone implant using Dow Corning Medical Grade Elastomer 382 (room-temperature vulcanizing silicone). The technique has been utilized in 34 cases during the past five years with a satisfactory end result in 33 of the 34 cases. This method, which appears to be quite accurate in obliterating the obvious defect, is simple in its execution and reduces the overall amount of operative time, since no carving or manipulation is necessary. It avoids unsightly "donor scars," and in some instances, the surgery can be done on an outpatient basis.
The Heats of Combustion of Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, and Fluoranthene. Strain and Delocalization in Bridged Naphthalenes (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Heats of Combustion of Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, and Fluoranthene. Strain and Delocalization in Bridged NaphthalenesRichard H. Boyd, Ross L. Christensen, and Rita PuaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 16, 3554–3559Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01094a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01094a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-time RGB-D based people detection and tracking for mobile robots and head-worn cameras (2014)

We present a real-time RGB-D based multiperson detection and tracking system suitable for mobile robots and head-worn cameras. Our approach combines RGB-D visual odometry estimation, region-of-interest processing, ground plane estimation, pedestrian detection, and multi-hypothesis tracking components into a robust vision system that runs at more than 20fps on a laptop. As object detection is the most expensive component in any such integration, we invest significant effort into taking maximum advantage of the available depth information. In particular, we propose to use two different detectors for different distance ranges. For the close range (up to 5–7m), we present an extremely fast depth-based upper-body detector that allows video-rate system performance on a single CPU core when applied to Kinect sensors. In order to cover also farther distance ranges, we optionally add an appearance-based full-body HOG detector (running on the GPU) that exploits scene geometry to restrict the search space. Our approach can work with both Kinect RGB-D input for indoor settings and with stereo depth input for outdoor scenarios. We quantitatively evaluate our approach on challenging indoor and outdoor sequences and show state-of-the-art performance in a large variety of settings. Our code is publicly available.
The Proto-Oncogene ERG in Megakaryoblastic Leukemias (2005)

Aneuploidy is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Acquired additions of chromosome 21 are a common finding in leukemias, suggesting a contributory role to leukemogenesis. About 10% of patients with a germ line trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) are born with transient megakaryoblastic leukemia. We and others have shown acquired mutations in the X chromosome gene GATA1 in all these cases. The gene or genes on chromosome 21 whose overexpression promote the megakaryoblastic phenotype are presently unknown. We propose that ERG, an Ets transcription factor situated on chromosome 21, is one such candidate. We show that ERG is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, megakaryoblastic cell lines, and in primary leukemic cells from Down syndrome patients. ERG expression is induced upon megakaryocytic differentiation of the erythroleukemia cell lines K562 and UT-7, and forced expression of ERG in K562 cells induces erythroid to megakaryoblastic phenotypic switch. We also show that ERG activates the gpIb megakaryocytic promoter and binds the gpIIb promoter in vivo. Furthermore, both ERG and ETS2 bind in vivo the hematopoietic enhancer of SCL/TAL1, a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell and megakaryocytic development. We propose that trisomy 21 facilitates the occurrence of megakaryoblastic leukemias through a shift toward the megakaryoblastic lineage caused by the excess expression of ERG, and possibly by other chromosome 21 genes, such as RUNX1 and ETS2, in hematopoietic progenitor cells, coupled with a differentiation arrest caused by the acquisition of mutations in GATA1.
The form and use of written communication produced by physically disabled individuals using microcomputers (1989)

The paper presents the findings of a study which analyzed the written communication output of 6 congenitally, physically disabled individuals (between the ages of 13 and 22 years) who were originally trained in the use of Blissymbols for face-to-face communication and later made the transition to traditional orthography. All written output produced by each subject using a microcomputer over a 4-week period was collected and analyzed in terms of its form and use. Results indicated that these individuals used written communication to fulfill a range of purposes including homework, letter writing, and self expression. They were relatively successful in utilizing appropriate sentence structure and morphology. Implications of the findings with respect to the related literature and clinical intervention are discussed. Directions for future research are suggested.
Visual Impairment and Blindness in Adults in the United States (2016)

These data suggest that vision screening for refractive error and early eye disease may reduce or prevent a high proportion of individuals from experiencing unnecessary vision loss and blindness, decrease associated costs to the US economy for medical services and lost productivity, and contribute to better quality of life. Targeted education and screening programs for non-Hispanic white women and minorities should become increasingly important because of the projected growth of these populations and their relative contribution to the overall numbers of these conditions.
The clinical evaluation of renal function. (1956)

Renal function tests are of limited value in differential diagnosis, except to establish the existence of uremia. The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine is often the first function to manifest impairment, but is of little value in prognosis. All clearance tests suffer a similar disability: Hypertrophy of nephrons with restoration of normal function may mask nephron loss. For the reasons outlined, the serum creatinine determination is the most useful of the clinical function tests, especially when combined with a test of maximum concentrating ability. In men, the serum creatinine value divided into 100 gives the approximate creatinine clearance; in women the numerator must be 60. For greater precision, the actual creatinine clearance should be determined. Finally, frequent serial determinations of any of the function tests offer prognostic utility greater than do infrequently performed research methods.
Human embryonic stem cells have a unique epigenetic signature (2006)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells originate during an embryonic period of active epigenetic remodeling. DNA methylation patterns are likely to be critical for their self-renewal and pluripotence. We compared the DNA methylation status of 1536 CpG sites (from 371 genes) in 14 independently isolated hES cell lines with five other cell types: 24 cancer cell lines, four adult stem cell populations, four lymphoblastoid cell lines, five normal human tissues, and an embryonal carcinoma cell line. We found that the DNA methylation profile clearly distinguished the hES cells from all of the other cell types. A subset of 49 CpG sites from 40 genes contributed most to the differences among cell types. Another set of 25 sites from 23 genes distinguished hES cells from normal differentiated cells and can be used as biomarkers to monitor differentiation. Our results indicate that hES cells have a unique epigenetic signature that may contribute to their developmental potential.