gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of room-temperature laser emission from type III InAs/GaSb multiple quantum well structures (1997)

Multiple quantum well InAs/GaSb laser heterostructures with type III (type II broken gap) band alignment in the active region have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Intense electroluminescence was observed at room temperature (RT) with peak emission wavelengths in the range 1.95–3.4 μm. RT lasing has been achieved at 1.98 and 2.32 μm for the structures with 6 and 12 Å thick InAs quantum wells, respectively.
Dual-colour thermal imaging with InAs/GaSb superlattices in mid-wavelength infrared spectral range (2006)

Based on type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes, the first report of a dual-colour infrared camera with excellent NETD values<30 mK for the shortwave channel with a cutoff wavelength of 4.0 µm and <17 mK for the longwave channel with 5.0 µm cutoff is presented. The bispectral system, which offers a simultaneous and pixel-registered detection of both colours, allows remote imaging of carbon dioxide.
An Internet-Mediated Business Simulation: Developing and Using TRECS (1999)

Electronic commerce (eCommerce) is the conduct of business by electronic means (which includes the Internet) and is rapidly becoming a competitive necessity rather than just a business opportunity for organizations worldwide. It is therefore essential that university students and business professionals be given the opportunity to learn about and experiment with eCommerce solutions that can be exploited by organizations. This article discusses the design, development, and use of an Internet-mediated, international business simulation called Teaching Realistic Electronic Commerce Solutions (TRECS), which is currently fulfilling this need for experiential approaches to eCommerce education. The article summarizes 5 years of experience in the use of TRECS in Australia and describes planned extensions to the business simulation that will incorporate additional Internet-and Web-based techniques.
The Synthesis of Bovine Insulin by the Solid Phase Method<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Bovine Insulin by the Solid Phase Method1B. Marglin and R. B. MerrifieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 21, 5051–5052Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00973a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00973a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views779Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of high-performance liquid chromatography-based analysis of DNA fragments to molecular carcinogenesis (2000)

Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC)-based DNA fragment analysis is a high-throughput technology that can be used to obtain information on both genetic alterations and gene expression. By using different approaches based on polymerase chain reaction, this technique can be used to determine loss or gain of an allele, to quantitate the amount of RNA expressed, and to detect a single nucleotide change. Applications of DHPLC to molecular carcinogenesis include genotyping of transgenic animals; determination of allelic imbalances, including loss of heterozygosity in tumors; measurement of changes in gene expression; and detection of DNA polymorphisms and point mutations. In our laboratories DHPLC has been validated and used to genotype an Eker rat colony, to study the genetic profile of renal cell carcinomas, to quantitate expression of the keratinocyte lipid-binding protein gene in 8-lipoxygenase transgenic mice, and to detect polymorphisms and a point mutation in the tuberous sclerosis 2 tumor suppressor gene in t-haplotype mice.
SAGE analysis demonstrates increased expression of TOSO contributing to Fas-mediated resistance in CLL (2008)

To identify novel genes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) we performed a serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) in CLL cells, and compared this with healthy B cells (nCD19(+)). We found a high level of similarity among CLL subtypes, but a comparison of CLL versus nCD19(+) libraries revealed 55 genes that were over-represented and 49 genes that were down-regulated in CLL. A gene ontology analysis revealed that TOSO, which plays a functional role upstream of Fas extrinsic apoptosis pathway, was over-expressed in CLL cells. This finding was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 78 CLL and 12 nCD19(+) cases (P < .001). We validated expression using flow cytometry and tissue microarray and demonstrated a 5.6-fold increase of TOSO protein in circulating CLL cells (P = .013) and lymph nodes (P = .006). Our SAGE results have demonstrated that TOSO is a novel over-expressed antiapoptotic gene in CLL.
Transformer Based Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion (2019)

Attention mechanism is one of the most successful techniques in deep learning based Natural Language Processing (NLP). The transformer network architecture is completely based on attention mechanisms, and it outperforms sequence-to-sequence models in neural machine translation without recurrent and convolutional layers. Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is a task of converting letters (grapheme sequence) to their pronunciations (phoneme sequence). It plays a significant role in text-to-speech (TTS) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In this paper, we investigate the application of transformer architecture to G2P conversion and compare its performance with recurrent and convolutional neural network based approaches. Phoneme and word error rates are evaluated on the CMUDict dataset for US English and the NetTalk dataset. The results show that transformer based G2P outperforms the convolutional-based approach in terms of word error rate and our results significantly exceeded previous recurrent approaches (without attention) regarding word and phoneme error rates on both datasets. Furthermore, the size of the proposed model is much smaller than the size of the previous approaches.
A phase II trial of GSK2256098 and trametinib in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (MOBILITY-002 Trial, NCT02428270). (2018)

409 Background: MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) is activated through mutated KRAS in > 90% of PDAC. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) integrates signals from integrins and growth factor receptors. MEK and FAK are frequently co-activated in PDAC providing a rationale for dual inhibition with GSK2256098, an oral FAK inhibitor, and trametinib, an oral allosteric MEK1/2 inhibitor. Methods: Patients with advanced PDAC patients who progressed after first line chemotherapy were treated with GSK2256098 250mg twice daily and trametinib 0.5mg once daily in 28 day cycles. The primary endpoint was antitumor activity measured by clinical benefit (CB; complete response, partial response, or stable disease ≥24 weeks) by RECIST 1.1. We planned to enrol 24 patients using a 2-stage minimax design (p0 = 0.15, p1 = 0.40; alpha = 0.05, power 0.86). The combination would be considered active if > 7/24 response-evaluable patients achieved CB; and inactive if 2/12 or fewer patients achieved CB at the end of stage 1. Response assessment was performed every 2 cycles. Results: Between June/16 and June/17, 16 patients were enrolled. Five were not evaluable for response. Of 11 evaluable patients, 10 had PD as best tumor response and one had SD for 4 months. One response unevaluable patient who had rapidly progressed on 1 st line FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy with a basal-like tumor by RNA-sequencing and KRAS amplification achieved clinical stability for 5 months with a > 50% decline in serum CA19-9 after 3 months of treatment and symptomatic improvement. No treatment related Grade≥3 adverse events (AEs) were observed. The most common treatment related grade 2 AEs were acneiform rash (19%), diarrhea (13%), nausea (6%), fatigue (6%), proteinuria (6%), paronychia (6%), and retinal detachment (6%). The median progression free survival was 1.6 (95% CI 1.5-1.8) months and the median overall survival was 3.6 (95% CI 2.7-not reached) months. Conclusions: GSK2256098 and trametinib was well tolerated but was not active in unselected advanced PDAC. Correlative studies are ongoing to evaluate RNA-expression subtypes and dynamic markers of pathway inhibition from serial tumor biopsies and cell free DNA. Clinical trial information: NCT02428270.
<b> PCR‐based detection of <i>Colletotrichum acutatum</i> on strawberry </b> (1996)

An oligonucleotide primer ( Ca Int 2) was synthesized from the variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from Colletotrichum acutatum . PCR with primers Ca Int2 and ITS4 (from a conserved sequence of the rDNA) amplified a 490 bp fragment from several isolates of C. acutatum but not from other members of the genus Colletotrichum . Amplification of this fragment was achieved from 100 fg of fungal DNA. These primers amplified a fragment of the same size from DNA extracted from strawberry tissues infected by C. acutatum . Southern hybridization analysis confirmed the 490 bp fragment from C. acutatum DNA and infected strawberry to be identical. The species‐specific primer ( Ca Int2) developed in this work could be used for the accurate identification of C. acutatum and its detection on other host plants.
Correction: Characterization of Protective Human CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>FOXP3<sup>+</sup>Regulatory T Cells Generated with IL-2, TGF-β and Retinoic Acid (2011)

Background: Protective CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells bearing the Forkhead Foxp3 transcription factor can now be divided into three subsets: Endogenous thymus-derived cells, those induced in the periphery, and another subset induced ex-vivo with pharmacological amounts of IL-2 and TGF-b. Unfortunately, endogenous CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are unstable and can be converted to effector cells by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although protective Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ cells resistant to proinflammatory cytokines have been generated in mice, in humans this result has been elusive. Our objective, therefore, was to induce human na ve CD4+ cells to become stable, functional CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory cells that were also resistant to the inhibitory effects of proinflammatory cytokines.
Sequencing and functional analysis of a 32 560 bp segment on the left arm of yeast chromosome II. Identification of 26 open reading frames, including the <i>KIP1</i> and <i>SEC17</i> genes (1993)

We report here the DNA sequence of a segment (alpha 1006.13: YBLO5) of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, extending over 32.5 kb. The segment contains 26 open reading frames (ORFs) from YBLO501 to YBLO526. YBL0505 corresponds to the SEC17 gene and YBL0521 to the KIP1 gene. YBL0516 contains an intron, YBL0513 shows homology with the RAT protein phosphatase and YBL0526 contains a zinc-finger motif. Disruption of 14 genes by insertion of a URA3 cassette has been performed and these mutants were analysed for their mating and sporulation ability, and for their growth on different carbon sources. YBL0515 and YBL0526 ORFs seem to be involved in the sporulation process.
Human CCR4+CCR6+Th17 Cells Suppress Autologous CD8+ T Cell Responses (2012)

The role of Th17 cells in cancer patients remains unclear and controversial. In this study, we have analyzed the phenotype of in vitro primed Th17 cells and further characterized their function on the basis of CCR4 and CCR6 expression. We show a novel function for a subset of IL-17-secreting CD4(+) T cells, namely, CCR4(+)CCR6(+)Th17 cells. When cultured together, CCR4(+)CCR6(+)Th17 cells suppressed the lytic function, proliferation, and cytokine secretion of both Ag-specific and CD3/CD28/CD2-stimulated autologous CD8(+) T cells. In contrast, CCR4(-)CCR6(+) CD4(+) T cells, which also secrete IL-17, did not affect the CD8(+) T cells. Suppression of CD8(+) T cells by CCR4(+)CCR6(+)Th17 cells was partially dependent on TGF-β, because neutralization of TGF-β in cocultures reversed their suppressor function. In addition, we also found an increase in the frequency of CCR4(+)CCR6(+), but not CCR4(-)CCR6(+) Th17 cells in peripheral blood of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Our study not only underlies the importance of analysis of subsets within Th17 cells to understand their function, but also suggests Th17 cells as yet another immune evasion mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma. This has important implications when studying the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, as well as designing effective immunotherapy protocols for patients with cancer.
As-grown MgB2 thin films deposited on Al2O3 substrates with different crystal planes (2002)

We present the results of an investigation of the crystal structures and superconducting properties of as-grown MgB2 superconducting thin films deposited on Al2O3 substrates having different crystal planes (C- and R-planes). The MgB2 thin films were prepared by a multiple-target sputtering method without performing a post-annealing process. The MgB2 films deposited on the C-plane Al2O3 substrates were found to have a c-axis orientation, from the results of 2θ/θ x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. However, there were no MgB2 peaks for the films grown on the R-plane Al2O3 substrates. Even though the maximum Tc values of both films deposited on the C- and R-plane Al2O3 substrates were nearly the same, Tc,onset ∼ 28 K and residual resistivity ratio ∼ 1.2, it is very interesting to note that the resistivity of the films on the C-plane Al2O3, ρ ∼ 70 μΩ cm at 40 K, was lower than that on the R-plane Al2O3, ρ ∼ 300 μΩ cm at 40 K. These results indicate that the grain size of MgB2 in the films deposited on the C-plane Al2O3 substrates was larger than that on the R-plane Al2O3, indicating a good agreement with the XRD measurements. The surface morphology of the as-grown MgB2 thin films was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The surfaces of the films on the C- and R-plane Al2O3 substrates were found to be very flat and smooth. This result indicates the high potential for fabricating Josephson tunnel junctions using as-grown MgB2 thin films.
CLASS II ANTIGENS AND DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY (1995)

The role for HLA typing in autoimmune disease is changing with the recognition that HLA markers can identify patients with poor prognosis in some autoimmune disease. Aggressive therapeutic intervention in patients with such HLA prognostic markers has the potential to improve or prevent progressive disease outcomes in a select group of patients.
Thermophysical Properties of Matter - the TPRC Data Series. Volume 11. Viscosity (1975)

The TPRC Data Series published in 13 volumes plus a Master Index volume constitutes a permanent and valuable contribution to science and technology. This 17,000 page Data Series should form a necessary acquisition to all scientific and technological libraries and laboratories. These volumes contain an enormous amount of data and information for thermophysical properties on more than 5,000 different materials of interest to researchers in government laboratories and the defense industrial establishment. Volume 11 in this 14 volume TPRC Data Series presents data and information on the viscosity of fluids and fluid mixtures, covering 12 elements (plus one isotope of hydrogen), 10 inorganic compounds, 36 organic compounds, 99 binary systems of fluid mixtures, eight ternary systems, three quarternary systems, and 19 multicomponent systems. In addition to the experimental data, recommended reference viscosity values are presented for the pure fluids, for saturated liquid, saturated vapor, and gaseous states. The fluid mixtures graphically smoother values are given as well.
On almost perfect punctured binary sequence pair (2006)

This paper proposes a completely new periodic correlation signal-almost perfect punctured binary sequence pair (APPBSP). We present the definitions of APPBSP and its transformation properties. To reduce the searching range and improve the searching efficiency of APPBSP, limited conditions of APPBSP are discussed to decide the punctured locations within the sequence pair. Searching results of APPBSP with length no more than 20 show that high energy efficiency can be achieved at APPBSP length 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 16, Such high energy efficiency APPBSP is feasible for engineering applications as synchronization codes and multi-user codes.
Detection of polyaromatic compounds using antibody-based fiberoptics fluoroimmunosensors (1987)

In this work we have investigated the performance of an antibody-based fiberoptics sensor for the detection of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene and its DNA-adduct product BP-tetrol. The excellent sensitivity of this device - femtomole limits of detection for BP - illustrates that it has considerable potential to perform analyses of chemical and biological samples at trace levels in complex matrices. The results indicate that fiberoptics-based fluoroimmunosensors can be useful in a wide spectrum of biochemical and clinical analyses. 17 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Current Concepts Review: Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2006)

Failed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction presents a difficult clinical challenge. Successful revision ACL reconstruction depends on identifying the causes of failure and correcting technical or diagnostic errors. Failed ACL reconstruction may be either traumatic or atraumatic. Atraumatic failures may be attributable to technical errors, diagnostic errors, or failure of graft incorporation. Published outcomes of revision ACL reconstruction have been worse than for primary ACL reconstruction. The preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes of revision ACL reconstruction are reviewed.
Suppressor lymphocytes induced by epicutaneous sensitization of UV-irradiated mice control multiple immunological pathways. (1986)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the formation of hapten-specific suppressor T lymphocytes induced by the epicutaneous sensitization of UV-irradiated mice could suppress other hapten-specific immune responses in addition to contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Suppressor cells were induced by applying trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) to the unexposed skin of mice irradiated several days earlier with 40 kJ/m2 UVB (280-320 nm) radiation. Previous work demonstrated that the spleens of such animals contain Lyt-1+, 2-T lymphocytes which prevent the induction of CHS to TNCB when transferred to normal mice, and inhibit proliferation of normal lymphocytes in vitro to TNP-modified syngeneic cells. These studies show that addition of T lymphocytes from UV-irradiated, TNCB-sensitized mice to cultures of normal lymphocytes and TNP-modified syngeneic cells inhibited the generation of TNP-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The inhibition was dose-dependent and occurred only when the suppressor cells were present during the first 24 hr of culture. The suppressor cells had no effect on the activity of preformed CTL. In addition, injection of the suppressor lymphocytes into mice at the time of i.v. injection of TNP-modified sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC) reduced the number of direct plaque-forming cells against TNP, but had no effect on the production of antibody against SRBC. Cells that inhibited anti-TNP antibody formation were Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, 2-. These results indicate that hapten-specific suppressor cells from UV-irradiated mice prevent the activation of several different hapten-specific immunological pathways.
Realization of integrated Bragg reflectors in DANS-polymer waveguides (1993)

The fabrication of integrated optical Bragg grating reflectors in organic waveguides, utilizing a DANS (4-dialkylamino-4'-nitrostilbene) side-chain-substituted polymer is described. The devices operate in the 1.5- mu m telecommunication window and exhibit a linear narrowband filtering action with good throughput and coupling efficiency. The effect of a small slant in the channel direction is investigated experimentally. The structures have also been switched from a low to a high transmission state via a thermal refractive nonlinearity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Broadband wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (2005)

We demonstrate a 10 Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a 20 m highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. The tunable wavelength conversion bandwidth (3 dB) is about 100 nm. The conversion efficiency is -16 dB when the pump power is 22.5 dBm. Phase modulation was not used to suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering; thus the linewidth of the converted wavelength remained very narrow. The eye diagrams show that there is no additional noise during wavelength conversion. The measured power penalty at a 10(-9) bit-error-rate level is about 0.7 dB.
Statistical evaluation of the effect of gender on prosodic parameters and their influence on gender-dependent speech recognition (2007)

An important issue to be taken into account in automatic speech recognition (ASR) is the influence of gender on the recognition process. Obvious differences in the speech uttered by females versus that of males are the main reasons for the differences in their speech features. Therefore, the behavior of the speech recognition systems is, to some extent, related to the speaker's gender. In this paper, the effect of speaker's gender on the prosodic parameters of Persian (Farsi) speech is evaluated. Then, taking into account the speaker's gender, the effect of prosodic parameters, such as pitch and formant frequencies, on recognition results is inspected. For this, prosodic parameters are added to the end of the feature vectors in the recognizer and its effect on the recognition of the speech of both genders, using gender-dependent and gender-independent systems, is evaluated.
Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease (2020)

Oxidative and nitrosative stress are widely recognized as critical factors in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) and its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A major source of free radicals that lead to oxidative and nitrosative damage is mitochondria. This review paper discusses oxidative and nitrosative stress and markers thereof in the brain, along with redox proteomics, which are techniques that have been pioneered in the Butterfield laboratory. Selected biological alterations in-and oxidative and nitrosative modifications of-mitochondria in AD and MCI and systems of relevance thereof also are presented. The review article concludes with a section on the implications of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative stress in MCI and AD with respect to imaging studies in and targeted therapies toward these disorders. Taken together, this review provides support for the notion that brain mitochondrial alterations in AD and MCI are key components of oxidative and nitrosative stress observed in these two disorders, and as such, they provide potentially promising therapeutic targets to slow-and hopefully one day stop-the progression of AD, which is a devastating dementing disorder.