gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival Efficacy of the PEGylated G-CSFs Maxy-G34 and Neulasta in a Mouse Model of Lethal H-ARS, and Residual Bone Marrow Damage in Treated Survivors (2013)

In an effort to expand the worldwide pool of available medical countermeasures (MCM) against radiation, the PEGylated G-CSF (PEG-G-CSF) molecules Neulasta and Maxy-G34, a novel PEG-G-CSF designed for increased half-life and enhanced activity compared to Neulasta, were examined in a murine model of the Hematopoietic Syndrome of the Acute Radiation Syndrome (H-ARS), along with the lead MCM for licensure and stockpiling, G-CSF. Both PEG-G-CSFs were shown to retain significant survival efficacy when administered as a single dose 24 h post-exposure, compared to the 16 daily doses of G-CSF required for survival efficacy. Furthermore, 0.1 mg kg of either PEG-G-CSF affected survival of lethally-irradiated mice that was similar to a 10-fold higher dose. The one dose/low dose administration schedules are attractive attributes of radiation MCM given the logistical challenges of medical care in a mass casualty event. Maxy-G34-treated mice that survived H-ARS were examined for residual bone marrow damage (RBMD) up to 9 mo post-exposure. Despite differences in Sca-1 expression and cell cycle position in some hematopoietic progenitor phenotypes, Maxy-G34-treated mice exhibited the same degree of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) insufficiency as vehicle-treated H-ARS survivors in competitive transplantation assays of 150 purified Sca-1+cKit+lin-CD150+cells. These data suggest that Maxy-G34, at the dose, schedule, and time frame examined, did not mitigate RBMD but significantly increased survival from H-ARS at one-tenth the dose previously tested, providing strong support for advanced development of Maxy-G34, as well as Neulasta, as MCM against radiation.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Expression Is Down-Regulated by 17β-Estradiol in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells by Estrogen Receptor α/Sp Proteins (2007)

17beta-Estradiol (E2) induces and represses gene expression in breast cancer cells; however, the mechanisms of gene repression are not well understood. In this study, we show that E2 decreases vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) mRNA levels in MCF-7 cells, and this gene was used as a model for investigating pathways associated with E2-dependent gene repression. Deletion analysis of the VEGFR2 promoter indicates that the proximal GC-rich motifs at -58 and -44 are critical for the E2-dependent decreased response in MCF-7 cells. Mutation or deletion of these GC-rich elements results in loss of hormone responsiveness and shows that the -60 to -37 region of the VEGFR2 promoter is critical for both basal and hormone-dependent decreased VEGFR2 expression in MCF-7 cells. Western blot, immunofluorescent staining, RNA interference, and EMSAs support a role for Sp proteins in hormone-dependent down-regulation of VEGFR2 in MCF-7 cells, primarily through estrogen receptor (ER)alpha/Sp1 and ERalpha/Sp3 interactions with the VEGFR2 promoter. Using chromatin immuno-precipitation and transient transfection/RNA interference assays we show that the ERalpha/Sp protein-promoter interactions are accompanied by recruitment of the co-repressors SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor) and NCoR (nuclear receptor corepressor) to the promoter and that SMRT and NCoR knockdown reverse E2-mediated down-regulation of VEGFR2 expression in MCF-7 cells. This study illustrates that both SMRT and NCoR are involved in E2-dependent repression of VEGFR2 in MCF-7 cells.
Mutagenesis of the dengue virus type 2 NS3 proteinase and the production of growth-restricted virus (2001)

The N-terminal one-third of the NS3 protein of Dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) complexes with co-factor NS2B to form an active serine proteinase which cleaves the viral polyprotein. To identify sites within NS3 that may interact with NS2B, seven regions within the NS3 proteinase outside the conserved flavivirus enzyme motifs were mutated by alanine replacement. Five sites contained clusters of charged residues and were hydrophilic. Two sites were hydrophobic and highly conserved among flaviviruses. The effects of five mutations on NS2B/3 processing were examined using a COS cell expression system. Four retained significant proteinase activity. Three of these mutations and two more were introduced into genomic-length cDNA and tested for their effects on virus replication. The five mutant viruses showed reduced plaque size and two of the five showed significantly reduced titres. All seven mutations were mapped on the X-ray crystal structure of the DEN-2 NS3 proteinase: three were located at the N terminus and two at the C terminus of the NS2B-binding cleft. Two mutations were at the C terminus of the proteinase domain and one was solvent-exposed. The study demonstrated that charged-to-alanine mutagenesis in the viral proteinase can be used to produce growth-restricted flaviviruses that may be useful in the production of attenuated vaccine strains.
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study of MAP0004 in Adult Patients With Migraine (2009)

In this study MAP0004 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg were well tolerated and effective at delivering clinically significant, rapid, and sustained pain relief in adult migraine patients. No additional benefit was observed with the higher dose, thus the MAP0004 0.5 mg systemic equivalent dose has been selected as the dose for further clinical study.
MaterialGAN: Reflectance Capture using a Generative SVBRDF Model (2020)

We address the problem of reconstructing spatially-varying BRDFs from a small set of image measurements. This is a fundamentally under-constrained problem, and previous work has relied on using various regularization priors or on capturing many images to produce plausible results. In this work, we present MaterialGAN, a deep generative convolutional network based on StyleGAN2, trained to synthesize realistic SVBRDF parameter maps. We show that MaterialGAN can be used as a powerful material prior in an inverse rendering framework: we optimize in its latent representation to generate material maps that match the appearance of the captured images when rendered. We demonstrate this framework on the task of reconstructing SVBRDFs from images captured under flash illumination using a hand-held mobile phone. Our method succeeds in producing plausible material maps that accurately reproduce the target images, and outperforms previous state-of-the-art material capture methods in evaluations on both synthetic and real data. Furthermore, our GAN-based latent space allows for high-level semantic material editing operations such as generating material variations and material morphing.
DESIGN OF MODEL REACTOR SYSTEMS FOR EVALUATING DISINFECTANTS AGAINST BIOFILM BACTERIA (2006)

Laboratory reactors are devices which grow biofilms under controlled and/or field relevant conditions for the purpose of developing biofilm control strategies. In disinfectant efficacy testing, as well as in research, choosing the best reactor to use is important because different laboratory reactors impart unique characteristics in the biofilm that influence everything form biofilm architecture and protein regulation to the response of biofilm bacteria to disinfection. In this dissertation, three laboratory reactors and associated standard operating protocols were developed to provide a reliable, standardized assessment of disinfectant efficacy against biofilm bacteria that grow: 1) in a moderate to high fluid shear environment, 2) in hot tubs, and 3) in swimming pools. The reactors and protocols were then evaluated for the statistical characteristics of repeatability, ruggedness, and responsiveness, required criteria for the standardization of a method. In the CDC biofilm reactor (CBR), biofilm was engineered to possess the characteristics of a field biofilm grown under moderate to high fluid shear. The laboratory hot tub and swimming pool reactors were each engineered to generate a field-relevant biofilm by modeling the physiochemical and biological characteristics present in such recreational water. Testing demonstrated that the CBR and laboratory hot tub system were repeatable and rugged. The hot tub and swimming pool systems were responsive to disinfectant type and concentration. This research demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating relevant engineering design into practical laboratory methods used to evaluate disinfectant efficacy.
Comparing clobetasol propionate 0.05% spray to calcipotriene 0.005% betamethasone dipropionate 0.064% ointment for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (2009)

Topical corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of psoriasis. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of clobetasol propionate (CP) 0.005% spray to calcipotriene 0.005%-betamethasome diproprionate 0.064% (C-BD) ointment in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Assessments were made at baseline, week 2, week 4 (end of treatment) and week 8 (4 weeks posttreatment). An assessment for Overall Disease Severity (ODS) found that 75% of CP spray-treated patients achieved a rating of clear or almost clear after 4 weeks of treatment compared to 45% of C-BD ointment-treated patients (P=.003). Adverse events were reported by less than one-third of patients from each treatment group (31% for CP spray and 33% for C-BD ointment).
Parallel processing for computer vision and display (1988)

research-article Free Access Share on Parallel processing for computer vision and display Authors: Rae A. Earnshaw University of Leeds University of LeedsView Profile , Henry Fuchs University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Carolina at Chapel HillView Profile , Michael J. Wozny Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteView Profile , Peter M. Dew University of Leeds University of LeedsView Profile , Tosiyasu L. Kunii University of Tokyo University of TokyoView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '88: ACM SIGGRAPH 88 panel proceedingsAugust 1988 Article No.: 3Pages 1–29https://doi.org/10.1145/1402242.1402245Published:01 August 1988Publication History 1citation95DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads95Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
[Bleeding peptic ulcers--concept for acute therapy]. (1995)

Acute ulcer bleeding still is a life-threatening event. The therapeutic goal is to establish intensity, activity and location of the bleeding and to assess primary hemostasis by consequent endoscopic therapy, also preventing recurrence significantly. With the injection method, primary hemostasis accounts for over 90% success. Also recurrent bleeding can be stopped to the same extent. Endoscopic doppler allows a qualitative and quantitative registration of potentially dangerous vessels on the ulcer base. Drug therapy does serve for the acute treatment to a lesser extent; it is more valid for the initiation of the conservative ulcer therapy. Surgical interventions therefore confined to risk patients in whom a primary hemostasis failed or the ulcer is located in a dangerous site, for instance in the back wall of the duodenal bulb.
A full-color SXGA TN AMLCD for military head-mounted displays and viewer applications (2008)

We report progress in developing a 0.97-in diagonal AMLCD with a full color SXGA resolution. A 1280×1024×3 dot array was developed with integrated color pixel filters to create an SXGA color pixel array. These displays are fabricated on 8-inch SOI wafers and transferred to glass wafers to produce transmissive liquid crystal displays. Improvements have been made in this AMLCD to bring the fabrication process to manufacturing. Fabricating a 3.9 million pixel dot display on a 1-inch die required a new display design and fabrication in an 8-inch wafer line. The 8-inch process provided enhanced process capabilities and tighter design rules to achieve good performance and reasonable starting yields. An ASIC driver and ultra thin efficient backlight were developed to miniaturize the display module and to reduce total power to < 750mW for soldier mounted applications. Total package size is less than 0.5 in<sup>3</sup>. The ASIC will also drive Kopin SVGA and VGA color displays singly or in pairs for binocular applications. An end-to-end 8-inch wafer process was established at the wafer foundry and at Kopin. A 3-year manufacturing technology insertion program (Mantech) has begun to optimize the 8-inch line processes and the SXGA color display. Meeting yield and performance goals will reduce display cost and enable systems performance goals. Key results include vivid, high-resolution color, wide viewing angles and low power operation. Performance data and specifications will be presented.
Reexamination of the genome size of myxobacteria, including the use of a new method for genome size analysis (1981)

The genome sizes of two myxobacteria, Myxococcus xanthus and Stigmatella aurantiaca, were measured by renaturation analysis and also by a new method involving the quantitation of individual restriction fragments. In contrast to several previous reports, which indicate that M. xanthus has a genome size which is three to four times that of Escherichia coli, the present measurements indicated that the M. xanthus genome is only about 24 to 53% larger than that of E. coli. S. aurantiaca had a genome size nearly identical to that of M. xanthus. Of possible significance is the fact that the renaturation curves of M. xanthus and S. aurantiaca deoxyribonucleic acid both exhibited significant fractions which renatured with rapid, unimolecular kinetics. However, we were unable to establish that these fractions represented inverted repeats of repetitive sequences.
PI-PfuI and PI-Pfull, intein-coded homing endonucleases from Pyrococcus furiosus. II. Characterization of the binding and cleavage abilities by site-directed mutagenesis (1999)

PI- Pfu I and PI- Pfu II from Pyrococcus furiosus are homing endonucleases, as shown in the accompanying paper. These two endonucleases are produced by protein splicing from the precursor protein including ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). We show here that both enzymes specifically interact with their substrate DNA and distort the DNA strands by 73 degrees and 67 degrees, respectively. They have two copies of the amino acid sequence motif LAGLIDADG, which is present in the majority of homing endonucleases and provides some of the catalytic residues necessary for DNA cleavage activity. Site-specific mutagenesis studies showed that two acidic residues in the motifs, Asp149 and Glu250 in PI- Pfu I, and Asp156 and Asp249 in PI- Pfu II, were critical for catalysis. The third residues of the active site triads, as predicted from the structure of PI- Sce I, were Asn225 in PI- Pfu I and Lys224 in PI- Pfu II. Substitution of Asn225 in PI- Pfu I by Ala did not affect catalysis. The cleavage activity of PI- Pfu II was 50-fold decreased by the substitution of Ala for Lys224. The binding affinity of the mutant protein for the substrate DNA also decreased 6-fold. The Lys in PI- Pfu II may play a direct or indirect role in catalysis of the endonuclease activity.
Determination of Monochloramine Formation Rate Constants with Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry (2004)

The production of monochloramine by the reaction of aqueous ammonia and free chlorine is important in both drinking water and wastewater treatment systems. Accurate prediction of the rate of monochloramine formation is a prerequisite for any modeling work related to this fundamental reaction. There are significant discrepancies between rate constants reported in the literature. Furthermore, little information is available on the temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant. The purposes of this study were to kinetically examine the potential reaction pathways, accurately determine the specific rate constants, and establish the Arrhenius equation for the reaction of monochloramine formation using the stopped-flow technique. Results indicate that the rate constants are highly pH dependent due to the speciation of both free chlorine and ammonia. From a strictly kinetic point of view, monochloramine formation could be explained by either the nonionic pathway between HOCl and NH3 or the ionic pathway between OCl- and NH4+. However, because the ionic pathway is mechanistically implausible the reaction is shown to be between the nonionic species (HOCl and NH3). The specific rate constant for the nonionic pathway at 25 degrees C was determined to be 3.07 x 10(6) (M(-1) x s(-1)). The Arrhenius equation was obtained as k(HOCl,NH3) = 5.40 x 10(9) exp(- 2237/T), which provided an activation energy of 18.6 kJ x mol(-1).
Electron dose profile shaping by modulation of a scanning elementary beam (1996)

The use of multiple high energy electron beams has been limited in the treatment of deep seated tumors. This is principally because of the rapid increase in the physical electron beam penumbra as a result of the rise in large angle scattering with depth in the patient. This decreases the transverse dose gradient between the target volume and sensitive dose limiting structures and diminishes the ability to conform electron isodose lines to the target volume. If the beam is flat in air, then its profile will become progressively more rounded with depth, due to the increase of scatter out of the beam edges. With a scanning elementary electron beam, such as produced by the Microtron MM50, the characteristics of a broad beam profile are determined by the scan pattern. Using an appropriate scan pattern one can create, at any depth within the range of electrons, various dose profiles with the sharpness not exceeding that of the elementary beam. The objective of this work was to study methods that produce the desired electron beam profile at the depth of the target volume, and to derive the surface fluence profile required. Two approaches were explored to modulate the elementary beam distribution: "amplitude modulation" (AM) and "frequency modulation" (FM). We calculated coordinate and intensity distributions of the 25, 40, and 50 MeV elementary beam pulses at the surface that would yield a flat field at various prescribed depths. The results are in good qualitative agreement with iterative deconvolution calculations by Brahme et al. [Acta Radiol. Oncol. 19, 305-319 (1980)]. The scattering penumbra between the 50%-90% isodose lines can be reduced by up to 40% by beam modulation. The modulation should also enable the combination of multiple electron beams so as to achieve the desired conformal isodose profile as is customarily seen with photon beam planning, but with greater normal tissue sparing due to higher electron longitudinal depth--dose gradients. The results can be also used for electron accelerators that do not use a scanning elementary beam.
Neuronal characteristics in embryonic renal stroma (1994)

The metanephric mesenchyme is considered a homogeneous population of predetermined, but pluripotent cells with a nephrogenic bias. By an inductive stimulus, the mesenchyme is programmed to differentiate into the various epithelial phenotypes of the secretory nephron. A fraction of the mesenchymal cells, however, remains in the interstitium between the nephrons and differentiates into spindle-shaped, clear-cytoplasmic renal stroma. We have analyzed the molecular nature of these cells in order to discover the specific cell types that could be involved in the morphogenetic processes during kidney differentiation. In situ hybridization reveals neurofilament light protein mRNA, and immunohistology shows neurofilament light and medium proteins in the stromal cells around kidney tubules. By immunohistochemistry these peritubular stromal cells can be distinguished from the neuronal cells of the renal microganglion: the peritubular stromal cells are neurofilament-positive but L1 neural cell adhesion protein-negative, whereas the neuronal cells with axonal extension are both neurofilament-positive and L1 neural cell adhesion protein-positive. Proliferation index of the stromal cells was low as compared to tubular cells, as shown by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation.
Production and Evaluation of Antibodies and Phage Display-Derived Peptide Ligands for Immunomagnetic Separation of Mycobacterium bovis (2012)

This study describes the development and optimization of an immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method to isolate Mycobacterium bovis cells from lymph node tissues. Gamma-irradiated whole M. bovis AF2122/97 cells and ethanol-extracted surface antigens of such cells were used to produce M. bovis-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in rabbits and mice. They were also used to generate M. bovis-specific peptide ligands by phage display biopanning. The various antibodies and peptide ligands obtained were used to coat MyOne tosyl-activated Dynabeads (Life Technologies), singly or in combination, and evaluated for IMS. Initially, M. bovis capture from Middlebrook 7H9 broth suspensions (concentration range, 10 to 10(5) CFU/ml) was evaluated by IMS combined with an M. bovis-specific touchdown PCR. IMS-PCR results and, subsequently, IMS-culture results indicated that the beads with greatest immunocapture capability for M. bovis in broth were those coated simultaneously with a monoclonal antibody and a biotinylated 12-mer peptide. These dually coated beads exhibited minimal capture (mean of 0.36% recovery) of 12 other Mycobacterium spp. occasionally encountered in veterinary tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic laboratories. When the optimized IMS method was applied to various M. bovis-spiked lymph node matrices, it demonstrated excellent detection sensitivities (50% limits of detection of 3.16 and 57.7 CFU/ml of lymph node tissue homogenate for IMS-PCR and IMS-culture, respectively). The optimized IMS method therefore has the potential to improve isolation of M. bovis from lymph nodes and hence the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.
Molecular Structure of the Solvated Proton in Isolated Salts. Short, Strong, Low Barrier (SSLB) H-bonds (2002)

Large, inert, weakly basic carborane anions of the icosahedral type CHB(11)R(5)X(6)(-) (R = H, Me; X = Cl, Br) allow ready isolation and structural characterization of discrete salts of the solvated proton, [H(solvent)(x)][CHB(11)R(5)X(6)], (solvent = common O-atom donor). These oxonium ion Brønsted acids are convenient reagents for the tuned delivery of protons to organic solvents with a specified number of donor solvent molecules and with acidities leveled to those of the chosen donor solvent. They have greater thermal stability than the popular [H(OEt(2))(2)][BAr(F)] acids based on fluorinated tetraphenylborate counterions because carborane anions can sustain much higher levels of acidity. When organic O-atom donors such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, benzophenone, and nitrobenzene are involved, the coordination number of the proton (x) in [H(solvent)(x)()](+) is two. A mixed species involving the [H(H(2)O)(diethyl ether)](+) ion has also been isolated. These solid-state structures provide expectations for the predominant molecular structures of solvated protons in solution and take into account that water is an inevitable impurity in organic solvents. The O.O distances are all short, lying within the range from 2.35 to 2.48 A. They are consistent with strong, linear O.H.O hydrogen bonding. Density functional theory calculations indicate that all H(solvent)(2)(+) cations have low barriers to movement of the proton within an interval along the O.H.O trajectory, i.e., they are examples of so-called SSLB H-bonds (short, strong, low-barrier). Unusually broadened IR bands, diagnostic of SSLB H-bonds, are observed in these H(solvent)(2)(+) cations.