gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IFN-γ Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Immunocompromised Adults (2012)

Immunocompromised persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at increased risk for tuberculosis reactivation compared with the general population. The tuberculin skin test, the traditional assay for diagnosing LTBI, has reduced accuracy in immunocompromised patients. IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) are in vitro blood tests that measure T-cell release of IFN-γ after stimulation with antigens unique to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here we review the data for the use of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB, the two currently available IGRAs, in immunocompromised adults, including persons infected with HIV, patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, candidates for treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, patients receiving hemodialysis, solid-organ transplant recipients, and patients with cancer. On the basis of the available data, IGRAs have advantages over the tuberculin skin test in specific patient populations and in certain situations. Further studies are needed to more accurately define the usefulness of IGRAs in immunocompromised patients.
Ultrastructural Organization of Bovine Chromaffin Cell Cortex—Analysis by Cryofixation and Morphometry of Aspects Pertinent to Exocytosis (1997)

We have analyzed ultrathin sections from isolated bovine chromaffin cells grown on plastic support, after fast freezing, by quantitative electron microscopy. We determined the size and intracellular distribution of dense core vesicles (DVs or chromaffin granules) and of clear vesicles (CVs). The average diameter of DVs is 356 nm, and that of CVs varies between 35-195 nm (average 90 nm). DVs appear randomly packed inside cells. When the distance of the center of DVs to the cell membrane (CM) is analyzed, DV density is found to decrease as the CM is approached. According to Monte Carlo simulations performed on the basis of the measured size distribution of DVs, this decay can be assigned to a "wall effect." Any cortical barrier, regardless of its function, seems to not impose a restriction to a random cortical DV packing pattern. The number of DVs closely approaching the CM (docked DVs) is estimated to be between 364 and 629 (average 496), i.e., 0.45 to 0.78 DVs/micron2 CM. Deprivation of Ca2+, priming by increasing [Ca2+]i, or depolarization by high [K+]e for 10 s (the effect of which was controlled electrophysiologically and predicted to change the number of readily releasable granules [RRGs]) does not significantly change the number of peripheral DVs. The reason may be that (a) structural docking implies only in part functional docking (capability of immediate release), and (b) exocytosis is rapidly followed by endocytosis and replenishment of the pool of docked DVs. Whereas the potential contribution of DVs to CM area increase by immediate release can be estimated at 19-33%, that of CVs is expected to be in the range of 5.6-8.0%.
실린더 슬릿형 소파블록 방파제의 실해역 적용을 위한 수치실험분석 (2009)

선행되었던 연구인 실린더 슬릿형 소파블록 방파제에 대하여 실해역에서의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 수치모델 해석을 통해 항내정온도를 분석하였다. 남해의 소규모 어항에 대해 파랑작용 평형방정식을 이용하는 SWAN 모델을 구성하고 수리모형실험에서 분석된 실린더 슬릿형 방파제의 반사와 투과계수를 도입하였다. 항내의 정온도의 변화를 불투과성 방파제와 비교하여 다루고...
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (2006)

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding syndrome affecting the megakaryocyte lineage and characterized by lack of platelet aggregation. The molecular basis is linked to quantitative and/or qualitative abnormalities of alphaIIb beta3 integrin. This receptor mediates the binding of adhesive proteins that attach aggregating platelets and ensure thrombus formation at sites of injury in blood vessels. GT is associated with clinical variability: some patients have only minimal bruising while others have frequent, severe and potentially fatal hemorrhages. The site of bleeding in GT is clearly defined: purpura, epistaxis, gingival hemorrhage, and menorrhagia are nearly constant features; gastrointestinal bleeding and hematuria are less common. In most cases, bleeding symptoms manifest rapidly after birth, even if GT is occasionally only diagnosed in later life. Diagnosis should be suspected in patients with mucocutaneous bleeding with absent platelet aggregation in response to all physiologic stimuli, and a normal platelet count and morphology. Platelet alphaIIb beta3 deficiency or nonfunction should always be confirmed, for example by flow cytometry. In order to avoid platelet alloimmunisation, therapeutic management must include, if possible, local hemostatic procedures and/or desmopressin (DDAVP) administration. Transfusion of HLA-compatible platelet concentrates may be necessary if these measures are ineffective, or to prevent bleeding during surgery. Administration of recombinant factor VIIa is an increasingly used therapeutic alternative. GT can be a severe hemorrhagic disease, however the prognosis is excellent with careful supportive care.
Identification of the CREB-binding Protein/p300-interacting Protein CITED2 as a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α Coregulator (2004)

Like other nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) use a wide variety of protein-protein interactions to properly regulate transcription of target genes. In an attempt to identify novel PPAR-interacting proteins, a cDNA expression library was screened with bacterially expressed PPARalpha. One of the genes identified as a PPARalpha-associated protein by interaction cloning was the CREB-binding protein/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail 2 (CITED2, also called p35srj/mrg1/msg1). This coactivator interacted directly with PPARalpha in the presence or absence of ligand predominantly via the ligand binding domain of the nuclear receptor. In transient transfection reporter assays, CITED2 acted as a dose-dependent coactivator of PPARalpha-dependent transcriptional regulation in the presence of several exogenous ligands. CITED2 also increased PPARgamma-dependent regulation of reporter genes but had no effect on PPARbeta activity. To determine whether CITED2 affects endogenous gene expression, this protein was stably overexpressed (CITED2+) or repressed by small inhibitor RNA (CITED2-) in immortalized mouse hepatocytes. Relative to the control stably transfected or CITED2-cells, CITED2+ cells had an increased rate of cell proliferation. Microarray analysis and real time PCR showed that several genes are differentially affected by PPARalpha ligands in CITED2+ versus CITED2-cells. Genes that were affected by PPARalpha ligands in a CITED2-modulatory manner include angiopoietin-like protein 4, forkhead C2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, and MAPK phosphatase 1. Interestingly these genes share common functions in that they are known to promote vascularization and angiogenesis in response to hypoxia. The results described here suggest that CIT-ED2 is a coactivator of PPARalpha and that both proteins may participate in signaling cascades of hypoxic response and angiogenesis.
Phosphatidylethanolamine is the donor of the ethanolamine residue linking a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor to protein. (1992)

Numerous cell surface glycoproteins from eukaryotic organisms including African trypanosomes and budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), are anchored to the lipid bilayer by a glycophospholipid, glycosylphosphatidylinositol, covalently linked to the carboxyl terminus of the protein via a phosphoethanolamine bridge. In this paper we describe metabolic labeling experiments aimed at identifying the biosynthetic origin of the ethanolamine residue in the phosphoethanolamine bridge. Using yeast mutants generated by disruption of the ethanolaminephosphotransferase (EPT1) and cholinephosphotransferase (CPT1) genes, we report data consistent with the proposal that the ethanolamine residue is derived from phosphatidylethanolamine.
Package Delivery System Based on Blockchain Infrastructure (2018)

Blockchain technology has been recently applied in many applications including cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Internet of Things, healthcare, and supply chain management. The essential properties are the capabilities in doing verification and maintaining data integrity which would be hardly guaranteed in other systems. As millions of packages are daily sent, information related to those packages must be protected since they are prone to attacks such as phishing. In addition, current package delivery systems are mostly implemented on a centralized platform which would be vulnerable to different kind of attacks. In this paper, we propose a package delivery system based on the blockchain technology which would help enhance the security with data integrity and the verification of both users and data. We evaluate the performance of our system using two operations: insertions and reads/writes under high workload. We found that our system performance for both insertions and reads/writes is highly sensitive to the number of chains rather than the number of transactions per chain. But, the time spent for reads/writes is much higher than the time spent for insertions.
Specific Patterns of Defective HSV-1 Gene Transfer in the Adult Central Nervous System: Implications for Gene Targeting (1994)

Viral vectors are a means by which genes can be delivered to specific sites in the adult central nervous system. Nevertheless, the interaction between the viral vector and cells of the nervous system, which forms the basis for specific gene transfer, is not well understood. In this study a nonreplicating defective herpes simplex virus type 1 vector, expressing the marker gene lacZ, was stereotaxically injected at varying titers into the rat central nervous system. Three sites were targeted: the caudate nucleus, dentate gyrus, and cerebellar cortex, and the resulting patterns of beta-galactosidase activity were examined. Many cells of neuronal and glial morphology, and of differing neuronal subtypes, expressed beta-galactosidase at each of the injection sites. However, beta-galactosidase activity was also detected in distant secondary brain areas, the neurons of which make afferent connections with the primary sites. This strongly suggested that the retrograde transport of defective virus was the basis for the enzyme activity observed at a distance. Moreover, retrograde transport to secondary sites was found to be highly selective and restricted to certain retrograde neuroanatomical pathways in a specific and titer dependent fashion. The pathways observed were predominantly, but not exclusively, monoaminergic in origin. This finding is supported by reports of specific tropism by HSV for monoaminergic circuits in experimental encephalitis and transneuronal tracing studies. Our observations suggest that certain functional neuronal populations, which are permissive for the retrograde transfer of defective HSV-1 vectors, might be specifically targeted for gene transfer using this approach. Conversely, a knowledge of the pathways permissive for viral uptake, retrograde transfer, and subsequent gene expression will be essential in order to predict the consequences of gene transfer using viral vectors.
Sequence-selective extraction of single-stranded DNA using DNA-functionalized reverse micelles (2007)

We report here sequence-specific liquid/liquid extraction of single-stranded DNA using reverse micelles (water-in-oil microemulsions), in which hybridization between a DNA-surfactant and a target DNA having a complementary sequence allows selective transport of the target DNA to an organic phase from a mixture of DNA oligonucleotides.
Daily access to pasture turnout prevents loss of mineral in the third metacarpus of Arabian weanlings. (2001)

Seventeen Arabian weanlings were used to determine the influence of housing on third metacarpal bone mass. Animals were separated into three treatment groups: Pasture (n = 6), Stall (n = 5), and Partial-Pasture (n = 6). Radiographs of the left third metacarpus were taken every 28 d to determine radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Serum was collected every 14 d and analyzed for osteocalcin, carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and keratan sulfate. Hip and wither height, BW, and cannon circumference were measured every 28 d. Lateral RBAE in the pastured group increased linearly from d 0 to d 56 (P = 0.001). In the Pasture group, total RBAE increased from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.05) and medial RBAE tended to increase from d 0 to d 28 (P = 0.06). The Partial Pasture group increased from d 0 to 56 in medial (P = 0.02) and tended to increase in total RBAE (P = 0.08). Although the Stall group demonstrated an increase in total RBAE from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.04), the Partial Pasture group tended to have greater total RBAE than the Stall group at d 28 (P = 0.08), and the Pasture group had greater lateral RBAE at d 28 (P = 0.005) and 56 (P = 0.007) than did the Stall group. At d 28, medial RBAE was greater in the Pasture (P = 0.003) and Partial Pasture (P = 0.05) groups than in the Stall group. Pasture and Stall groups tended to decrease in osteocalcin (P = 0.06), whereas Partial Pasture weanlings decreased (P = 0.01) from d 0 to 56. All treatment groups decreased from d 0 to 56 in ICTP (P < 0.01). Pastured weanlings decreased from d 0 to 42 in serum keratin sulfate (P < 0.05), whereas the Stall group decreased from d 0 to 56 (P = 0.05). All treatment groups increased in wither height (P < or = 0.01), hip height (P < or = 0.001), and BW (P < or = 0.01). Both the Pasture and Partial Pasture weanlings demonstrated greater cannon circumference than Stall weanlings on d 28 (P < or = 0.05) and 56 (P < or = 0.005). These data demonstrate that pasture rearing or 12-h daily turnout is beneficial to maintaining and increasing bone mineral content in weanling Arabian horses.
ACCEPTANCE OF MOBILE PHONE PAYMENTS SYSTEMS IN TANZANIA: TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL APPROACH (2017)

This paper presents a quantitative study on the users’ acceptance of mobile phone payment systems (MPPS). Basing on the technology acceptance model (TAM), the study specifically evaluated the influence of ease of use; perceived usefulness; service quality; and information systems qualities of payment systems in the adoption and use of MPPS. A questionnaire survey was carried with 300 users out of which 260 were clean for data analysis using SPSS version 21. To supplement the survey, the study deployed  interviews. The regression results indicate significant influence of the regressed variables with slightly low values of the adjusted R-square. The findings on information quality and perceived usefulness had lesser influence (beta values below average) whereas ease of use, and services quality were positively rated factors to accepting the systems.  Several other factors behind acceptance were also identified in the interview, including premium pricing, level of understanding, and perceived risks. The findings extend knowledge on the application of TAM to mobile payments in a developing country such as Tanzania. They provide awareness on contributory factors to accepting the technology to Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) and country’s central bank, Bank of Tanzania (BoT) in their managing and controlling processes. They also provided practitioners with knowledge on the challenges and ways of tapping into the advantages of ICT. The findings were limited to four regions in Tanzania.
The Relation Between Ethnicity and Cognistat Performance in Males Seeking Substance Use Disorder Treatment (2005)

This study examined the relation between ethnicity and results obtained during standard administration of the Cognistat, a screening measure of cognitive functioning, in a sample of male veterans seeking substance use disorder treatment (n = 312). Results indicated that screening items for the Naming, Calculation, and Similarities subtests were missed significantly more frequently by African American compared to Caucasian veterans, although the frequency of identification as impaired on the full metric portion of this scales did not differ based on ethnicity. The mean scores on the metric items for these three scales were very similar between groups. Additionally, African American veterans diverted to the Constructional Ability metric items had significantly lower scores on items from that subtest. Logistic regression analyses of impairment identification on the various subtests indicated that ethnicity was a significant (p < .005) predictor beyond the covariates of age and years of education for the Calculation subtest, but only accounted for 4.8% of the variance. Based on the results of the current study, it is recommended that 1) the entire Cognistat be administered regardless of screening item performance to minimize the risk of potential ethnic or cultural based performance bias and 2) a prospective study of potential demographic bias based on comparing Cognistat screening results to a battery of specific neuropsychological assessments of the same constructs be performed to maximize the potential specificity and sensitivity of this assessment for all demographic groups.
Genome-wide association study identifies new prostate cancer susceptibility loci (2011)

Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most common non-skin cancer diagnosed among males in developed countries and the second leading cause of cancer mortality, yet little is known regarding its etiology and factors that influence clinical outcome. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PrCa have identified at least 30 distinct loci associated with small differences in risk. We conducted a GWAS in 2782 advanced PrCa cases (Gleason grade ≥ 8 or tumor stage C/D) and 4458 controls with 571 243 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Based on in silico replication of 4679 SNPs (Stage 1, P < 0.02) in two published GWAS with 7358 PrCa cases and 6732 controls, we identified a new susceptibility locus associated with overall PrCa risk at 2q37.3 (rs2292884, P= 4.3 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed a locus suggested by an earlier GWAS at 12q13 (rs902774, P= 8.6 × 10(-9)). The estimated per-allele odds ratios for these loci (1.14 for rs2292884 and 1.17 for rs902774) did not differ between advanced and non-advanced PrCa (case-only test for heterogeneity P= 0.72 and P= 0.61, respectively). Further studies will be needed to assess whether these or other loci are differentially associated with PrCa subtypes.
SCSI initial program loading for zSeries (2004)

This paper describes a new kind of initial program loading (IPL) for IBM zSeries® servers. The new IPL protocol expands the set of input/output devices that can be used during IPL to include Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Fibre Channel protocol (FCP) disk devices (SCSI disks). We begin by describing several new challenges resulting from the use of SCSI disks during IPL, followed by a brief overview of new concepts we have applied to the IPL process to overcome these challenges. We continue with a step-by-step description of the processes executed during SCSI IPL, the tools used, the disk format, the parameters required, and related topics. Since SCSI IPL is supported for virtual machines instantiated by the z/VM® operating system, some unique features of this capability are described. Finally, we describe a variation of SCSI IPL that enables the contents of memory to be dumped onto a SCSI disk.
Structure–Activity Relationship To Screen Ni–Bisphosphine Complexes for the Oxidative Coupling of CO<sub>2</sub> and Ethylene (2017)

Density functional theory calculations have been used to investigate competition between inner- and outer-sphere reaction pathways in the oxidative coupling of CO2 and ethylene for a set of 12 Ni–bisphosphine complexes, in order to build a QSAR approach correlating catalyst structure to calculated energy barriers for CO2 activation. The ligands were selected to explore different substituents on the P atoms (cyclohexyl, phenyl, and tert-butyl) and different lengths of the tether connecting the P atoms, −(CH2)n– with n = 1–3. As expected, the conclusion is that the inner-sphere reaction pathway is favored with unhindered ligands, while the outer-sphere reaction pathway is favored with hindered ligands. To find a possible correlation with molecular descriptors, we started using the buried volume as a steric descriptor. A reasonable correlation could be found for the energy barrier along the inner-sphere pathway, while scarce correlation was found for the energy barrier along the outer-sphere pathway, indicating that the steric bulkiness of the ligand disfavors approach of CO2 to the metal center. Much stronger correlation between the ligand structure and the energy barrier along the inner-sphere pathway was achieved when the steric descriptor was augmented by an electronic descriptor, consisting of the partial charge on the Ni atom. The much better correlation suggests that bisphosphine ligands have a non-negligible electronic impact on the catalyst performance.
Digital control in optical disc drives (2002)

This paper deals with digital control in read-only and recordable optical disc systems such as CD audio/video, CD-ROM, CD-R/RW and DVD-R/RW. Since 1993, the rapidly growing data storage device market has forced fast system upgrades and new systems for extremely low market prices. Extensive system integration by means of special purpose ICs has minimized the number of external components and eliminated expensive adjustments during manufacturing by implementing auto-calibrating techniques.
Massymor: Mazmorras (1965)

Massymor: Mazmorras Get access W. E. W. E. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-VII, Issue 160, 21 January 1865, Pages 66–67, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-VII.160.66i Published: 21 January 1965
Polyethylene ultrahydrophobic surface: synthesis and original properties (2004)

The synthesis of low density polyethylene (LDPE) ultrahydrophobic surfaces with controlled roughness and transparency was described in a two steps O2 and CF4 plasmas treatment. Water contact angle as high as 171°, contact angle hysteresis less than 4°, and sliding angle as 4° were obtained on those surfaces. The surfaces with small roughness reached 85% of transparency between 400 nm and 800 nm of wavelength. Besides the dynamic dewetting experiments showed a particular behavior. While they were wet with water, the surfaces loosed their ultrahydrophobic properties. An explanation of this behavior was given according to both Wenzel and Cassie Baxter wetting states.
From thin film to bulk 3C-SiC growth: Understanding the mechanism of defects reduction (2018)

In this review the effect of the growth process on the formation of defects in the hetero-epitaxial 3C-SiC film and the possible path for defects reduction has been reported. In our analysis of the experimental data we started from the realization of the carbonization layer, the defects at the interface and in the silicon substrate, to the growth of thin and even very thick layers. The discussion has been focalized on the growth on planar blanket Si substrates without the presence of structures or specific buffer layers. Both Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) and Sublimation Epitaxy (SE) processes have been reported and studied in detail.
Automated Protein Structure Homology Modeling: A Progress Report (2004)

Understanding the molecular function of proteins is greatly enhanced by insights gained from their three-dimensional structures. Since experimental structures are only available for a small fraction of proteins, computational methods for protein structure modeling play an increasingly important role. Comparative protein structure modeling is currently the most accurate method, yielding models suitable for a wide spectrum of applications, such as structure-guided drug development or virtual screening. Stable and reliable automated prediction pipelines have been developed to apply large-scale comparative modeling to whole genomes or entire sequence databases. Model repositories give access to these annotated and evaluated models. In this review, we will discuss recent developments in automated comparative modeling and provide selected examples illustrating the use of homology models.