gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Population-Based Genetic and Evolutionary Analysis of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Urogenital Strain Variation in the United States (2004)

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of ocular and sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. While much of our knowledge about its genetic diversity comes from serotyping or ompA genotyping, no quantitative assessment of genetic diversity within serotypes has been performed. To accomplish this, 507 urogenital samples from a multicenter U.S. study were analyzed by phylogenetic and statistical modeling. No B, Da, or I serotypes were represented. Based on our analyses, all but one previous urogenital B serotype was identified as Ba. This, coupled with the lack of B serotypes in our population, suggests that B has specific tropism for ocular mucosa. We identified a Ba/D recombinant (putative crossover nucleotide 477; P < 0.0001) similar to a B/D mosaic we described previously from an African trachoma patient. Computational analyses of the Ba/D recombinant indicated that upstream changes were less important for tissue tropism than downstream incorporation of the D sequence. Since most serotypes had nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios of <1.0, the major outer membrane protein, encoded by ompA, has many functional constraints and is under purifying selection. Surprisingly, all serotype groups except for J had a unimodal population structure indicating rapid clonal expansion. Of the groups with a unimodal structure, E and Ia and, to a lesser extent, G and K were prevalent, had infrequent incorporation of mutations, and, compared to other groups, had a relatively greater degree of diversifying selection, consistent with a selective sweep of mutations within these groups. Collectively, these data suggest a diverse evolutionary strategy for different serogroups of the organism.
Increased hepatic secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 in cholesteryl ester storage disease (1995)

Using a stable isotope method, we measured the hepatic secretion rate of very-low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 (VLDL apoB) in a 26-year-old women who had dyslipidemia due to cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) and in five normolipidemic subjects. [1-13C]Leucine was administered by a primed constant intravenous infusion and the enrichment of VLDL apoB was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The absolute secretion rate (ASR) of VLDL apoB in the patient was more than twice the mean ASR of the normolipidemic group (17.1 vs 8.0 +/- 0.8 mg/kg body wt. per day). The plasma mevalonic acid concentration, a measure of intrahepatic cholesterol synthesis, was also greater in the patient than in the normolipidemic subjects (8.3 vs 4.4 +/- 1.8 micrograms/L). The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that in CESD increased intrahepatic synthesis of cholesterol stimulates hepatic secretion of VLDL apoB and this may partly account for the dyslipidemia.
Practical Computer Vision Using C (1993)

From the Publisher:
A straightforward, practical examination of the fundamentals of computer vision using a minimum of mathematics. Concentrates on explanation, illustration, implementation and the various types of vision imaging problems including grey-level images, recognizing objects, computer readable codes, scientific images, etc. Contains authentic examples in C from a variety of disciplines as well as immediate access to images with which users can test ideas and software.
Application of the Tethered Biginelli Reaction for Enantioselective Synthesis of Batzelladine Alkaloids. Absolute Configuration of the Tricyclic Guanidine Portion of Batzelladine B (1999)

Tethered Biginelli condensation of enantioenriched hexahydropyrrolopyrimidines 8 with beta-ketoesters provides efficient asymmetric access to tricyclic guanidines 9 having a syn relationship of the angular C2a and C8a hydrogens. This reaction was employed to realize the first practical enantioselective access to this fragment of batzelladine alkaloids B (2) and E (5). The efficiency of this strategy is illustrated in the synthesis of the dextrorotatory enantiomer of batzelladine B methanolysis product 10 in 10 steps and 25% overall yield from 2-nonanone and methyl acetoacetate. The asymmetric synthesis of 10 establishes that the absolute configuration of the tricyclic portion of batzelladine B (2) is 25aR,28S,30R. The 4-methyl-7-alkyl-1,2,2a,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,6,8b-triazaacenaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid subunit, e.g., 29, of batzelladine alkaloids A (1), D (4), F (6), and G was also prepared for the first time by catalytic hydrogenation of tricyclic guanidines 26 having the 2a,8a-anti stereochemistry.
An elementary proof of the 2-dimensional version of the Brouwer fixed point theorem (2014)

We give an elementary proof of the 2-dimensional version of the Brouwer fixed point theorem. The proof can be extended to the n-dimensional version naturally. In our proof, we only use the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem and the fact that an odd number plus an even number is odd.
Double-well model of dielectric relaxation current (2004)

We show that a straightforward account of dielectric relaxation current in glasses follows from a semiclassical treatment of the double-well model [P. W. Anderson, B. I. Halperin, and C. M. Varma, Philos. Mag. 25, 1 (1972) and W. A. Phillips, J. Low Temp. Phys. 7, 351 (1972)] explaining the linear specific heat of glasses at low temperature. The current is obtained from the field-induced tunneling of the glass between the minima of its potential energy surface, and is found to have the experimentally observed linear dependence on field and inverse dependence on time. The effects of temperature and prior biases are briefly discussed, as well as the relation of the model to the theory of charge trapping. No dielectric relaxation is expected in a perfect insulating crystal, raising the important technological question of how perfect high-k dielectrics like HfO2 and ZrO2 must be in order to serve as gate dielectrics in transistors.
SecureArray (2013)

Despite the important role that WiFi networks play in home and enterprise networks they are relatively weak from a security standpoint. With easily available directional antennas, attackers can be physically located off-site, yet compromise WiFi security protocols such as WEP, WPA, and even to some extent WPA2 through a range of exploits specific to those protocols, or simply by running dictionary and human-factors attacks on users' poorly-chosen passwords. This presents a security risk to the entire home or enterprise network. To mitigate this ongoing problem, we propose SecureArray, a system designed to operate alongside existing wireless security protocols, adding defense in depth against active attacks. SecureArray's novel signal processing techniques leverage multi-antenna access point (AP) to profile the directions at which a client's signals arrive, using this angle-of-arrival (AoA) information to construct highly sensitive signatures that with very high probability uniquely identify each client. Upon overhearing a suspicious transmission, the client and AP initiate an AoA signature-based challenge-response protocol to confirm and mitigate the threat. We also discuss how SecureArray can mitigate direct denial-of-service attacks on the latest 802.11 wireless security protocol. We have implemented SecureArray with an eight-antenna WARP hardware radio acting as the AP. Our experimental results show that in a busy office environment, SecureArray is orders of magnitude more accurate than current techniques, mitigating 100% of WiFi spoofing attack attempts while at the same time triggering false alarms on just 0.6% of legitimate traffic. Detection rate remains high when the attacker is located only five centimeters away from the legitimate client, for AP with fewer numbers of antennas and when client is mobile.
Influenza treatment and prophylaxis with neuraminidase inhibitors: a review (2013)

Influenza virus is a pathogen that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Whereas vaccination is important for prevention of disease, given its limitations, antiviral therapy is at the forefront of treatment and also plays a role in prevention. Currently, two classes of antiviral medications, the adamantanes and the neuraminidase inhibitors, are approved for treatment. Given the resistance patterns of circulating influenza, adamantanes are not recommended. Within the US, two neuraminidase inhibitors are currently approved for both treatment and prevention, while worldwide there are four available. In this review, we will briefly discuss the epidemiology and pathology of influenza and then discuss neuraminidase inhibitors: their mechanism of action, resistance, development, and future applications.
Integrated PET-CT: evidence-based review of oncology indications. (2005)

Over the past few years, positron-emission tomography (PET) has been increasingly used in oncology. More recently, the fusion of the functional imaging provided by PET with the anatomic information of, computed tomography (CT) has resulted in a powerful new imaging tool. In practice, the PET-CT image fusion can be done visually, with the help of special software, or through hardware incorporating both PET and CT. We performed a review of disease-specific studies using integrated PET-CT or PET-CT with visual or software fusion and found that PET-CT offers a significant benefit in improving the diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic monitoring of patients with cancer. Integrated PET-CT improves characterization of equivocal lesions and decreases intraobserver variability; it also has the potential to significantly affect treatment planning by guiding biopsies and surgical interventions, defining target volumes for radiation therapy fields, and monitoring response to treatment. More promising clinical applications will likely be possible with other fluorine-18-based isotopes.
Substrate-modified scattering properties of silicon nanostructures for solar energy applications (2013)

Enhanced light trapping is an attractive technique for improving the efficiency of thin film silicon solar cells. In this paper, we use FDTD simulations to study the scattering properties of silicon nanostructures on a silicon substrate and their application as enhanced light trappers. We find that the scattered spectrum and angular scattering distribution strongly depend on the excitation direction, that is, from air to substrate or from substrate to air. At the dipole resonance wavelength the scattering angles tend to be very narrow compared to those of silicon nanostructures in the absence of a substrate. Based on these properties, we propose a new thin film silicon solar cell design incorporating silicon nanostructures on both the front and back surfaces for enhanced light trapping.
Genome walking with 2- to 4-kb steps using panhandle PCR. (1993)

Panhandle PCR is a method that permits the rapid retrieval of DNA segments flanking a known DNA sequence. This method extends the application of PCR to the retrieval of DNA where only one end of the DNA sequence is known, so that one can use PCR to walk along an uncharacterized stretch of DNA. In this report, we demonstrate that this method can be applied to the highly specific retrieval of large pieces (2.2-4.4 kb) of human genomic DNA that flank the primer annealing sites.
Plant Polyphenols. I. The Polyphenolic Constituents of the Pellicle of the Walnut (Juglans regia)<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant Polyphenols. I. The Polyphenolic Constituents of the Pellicle of the Walnut (Juglans regia)1Leonard JurdCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 14, 3445–3448Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01595a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01595a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views406Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A defined process for project post mortem review (1996)

Most of us pay lip service to the need for software project post mortems, but the literature offers little guidance on how to conduct them. The authors propose a tentative, standard process for conducting post mortem reviews and describe activities, roles, and artifacts of the process. The success of the post mortem-or of any learning process-demands a context that makes organizational learning possible. Management must make an honest and sincere commitment to establish this context. This commitment should take the form of a public resolution to implement risk management on subsequent projects and to make all post mortem findings input to that risk management effort. After all, lessons learned the hard way on past projects are, if nothing else, risks for future projects. Participants are empowered when they know that each issue raised during the post mortem process must be added to the risk database and evaluated methodically on each subsequent project.
<i>Science Signaling</i> Podcast: 27 August 2013 (2013)

A proapoptotic kinase plays a critical role in the development of neural tube defects associated with maternal hyperglycemia.
Isolation and patial sequence of bovine cDNA clones for the high-moility-group protein (HMG-1) (1984)

Several cloned ds cDNAs containing bovine HMG-1 sequences have been isolated from a ds cDNA library prepared from the poly(A)+ mRNA fraction of bovine testis using a pool of synthetic 17-meric oligo-deoxyribonucleotides with the sequence 5'-GTAGTTAGTTCCACATTCTC-3' selected to be complementary to a region of the coding sequence corresponding to the relatively unambiguous amino acid sequence, Glu-Met-Trp-Asn-Asn-Thr. Determination of the DNA sequences in these clones indicates that they represent the 3' half of the HMG-1 message and contain an unusually long putative 3' untranslated region of 480 nucleotides. The sequence of the coding region corresponding to the 99 amino acids at the C-terminus of HMG-1 has been determined and largely confirms the published primary sequence in this region (Walker JM, (1982) in: The HMG Chromosomal Proteins, Academic Press, London & New York, pp. 69-88). In addition the cDNA sequence provides a complete sequence of the 30 residue polyacidic region and shows that the nucleotide sequence in this region is a repeating one and that the polyacidic domain comprises the C-terminus of the protein.
Research progress of noise radar technologies (2011)

Noise radar uses random noise as the probing signal which can obtain high resolution and go around some drawbacks in conventional pulse, CW or FM radars. In this paper, the selection criteria for random signal are discussed and the characteristics of several noise radar signals are analyzed and compared. And two signal processing methods in noise radar: correlation processing method and spectral interferometry method are studied. In addition, some issues related to capabilities and constraints of noise radar technology in microwave imaging application are discussed.
Probe Evoked Potentials: Theory, Method and Applications (1984)

The probe evoked potentials method which involves recording brain responses to irrelevant stimuli during performance of a wide range of cognitive tasks, is used with increasing frequency to assess patterns of regional cerebral activation mediating distinct cognitive operations. This paper delineates the evolution of the method, describes its procedural and theoretical features, reviews its applications with normal adults, infants and children, and with neuropsychologically compromised individuals. The outcome of these studies points to the advantages of this method over traditional evoked potential procedures in the assessment of regional cerebral engagement in cognitive operations, free of confoundings due to stimulus and response-specific activity, in ecologically valid experimental situations.
Complex Brain Network Analysis and Its Applications to Brain Disorders: A Survey (2017)

It is well known that most brain disorders are complex diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). In general, brain regions and their interactions can be modeled as complex brain network, which describe highly efficient information transmission in a brain. Therefore, complex brain network analysis plays an important role in the study of complex brain diseases. With the development of noninvasive neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques, experimental data can be produced for constructing complex brain networks. In recent years, researchers have found that brain networks constructed by using neuroimaging data and electrophysiological data have many important topological properties, such as small-world property, modularity, and rich club. More importantly, many brain disorders have been found to be associated with the abnormal topological structures of brain networks. These findings provide not only a new perspective to explore the pathological mechanisms of brain disorders, but also guidance for early diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. The purpose of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview for complex brain network analysis and its applications to brain disorders.
Semiempirical model for nanoscale device simulations (2010)

We present a semiempirical model for calculating electron transport in atomic-scale devices. The model is an extension of the extended H\"uckel method with a self-consistent Hartree potential that models the effect of an external bias and corresponding charge rearrangements in the device. It is also possible to include the effect of external gate potentials and continuum dielectric regions in the device. The model is used to study the electron transport through an organic molecule between gold surfaces, and it is demonstrated that the results are in closer agreement with experiments than ab initio approaches provide. In another example, we study the transition from tunneling to thermionic emission in a transistor structure based on graphene nanoribbons.
Ce:YAG Nanoparticles Embedded in a PMMA Matrix: Preparation and Characterization (2010)

A Ce:YAG-poly(methyl methacrylate) composite was prepared using in situ polymerization by embedding the Ce:YAG nanopowder in a blend of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-methacrylic acid (MAA) monomers and activating the photopolymerization using a radical initiator. The obtained nanocomposite was yellow and transparent. Its characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, (13)C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Results showed that Ce:YAG nanoparticles are well dispersed in the polymeric matrix whose structure is organized in a lamellar shape. The luminescence properties of the nanocomposite do not show quenching or a significant spectral shift, indicating that the nanocomposite can be useful for advanced applications such as white LED construction.
Studies on Glycosides of 3, 4, 6-Trisubstituted Pyrazolo-[3, 4-D]Pyrimidines. Synthesis of 2′-Deoxyribonucleosides (1991)

Abstract A synthesis of 4,6-dimethylthio-1-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile (4) is described using the stereospecific sodium salt glycosylation procedure. Condensation of the sodium salt of 4,6-dimethylthiopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile (1) with 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-α-D-eythro-pentofuranose (2) gave exclusively the corresponding blocked nucleoside (3) with β-anomeric configuration, which on deprotection provided 2′-deoxyriboside 4. Aglycone functional groups transformations of 4 led to related 3,4,6-trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2′-deoxynucleosides. These compounds are devoid of any significant cytotoxic activity in vitro.
MEDIAL FOREBRAIN BUNDLE STIMULATION AS A PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM FOR HYPOMANIA IN SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE (2009)

We hypothesize that STN DBS-induced reversible acute hypomania might be elicited by inadvertent and unilateral coactivation of putative limbic STN tributaries to the MFB. These findings may provide insight into the neural pathways of hypomania and may facilitate future investigations of the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
A 240-Mbps, 1-W CMOS EPRML read-channel LSI chip using an interleaved subranging pipeline A/D converter (1998)

A 3.3-V, 1-W, 240-Mbps extended-partial-response maximum-likelihood read/write-channel large-scale-integration chip for hard disk drives has been developed. Power consumption of 1 W was achieved by using a 3.3-V power supply, a 0.4-/spl mu/m CMOS process, and a 3.3-V CMOS analog circuit design. Our approach to achieving a high transfer rate of 240 Mbps was to develop an interleaved subranging pipeline lookahead analog/digital (A/D) converter architecture. The power consumption of this A/D converter is 200 mW at 255 MHz. The read-mode channel path combines an acquisition-mode analog phase-locked loop (PLL) and a tracking-mode precision digital PLL, enabling the use of a long-latency pipeline A/D converter in the digital PLL. Consequently, a bit error rate of 10**(-9) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 24.5 dB has been achieved.
CD 1a and S100 antigen expression in skin Langerhans cells in patients with breast cancer (1991)

Langerhans cells (LCs) are dendritic, antigen-presenting cells found in the epidermis. This study investigates the effect of early breast cancer on the expression of CD1a and S100 antigens by these cells. LCs were counted and expressed as cells/mm of epithelial basement membrane on biopsies from the skin overlying the tumour and from biopsies distant from the tumour. A control study was performed on normal breast skin, not adjacent to a lesion, from women with benign breast disease. The LC count of 18 patients undergoing biopsy for benign breast disease indicated a mean of 26 cells/mm [95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 23-29] and a S100/CD1a ratio of 70 per cent. In 35 cases of early breast cancer, the CD1a-positive LC count in the epidermis overlying the carcinoma (mean 26/mm; 95 per cent CI 23-29) was similar, but the count made on biopsies distant from the tumour (mean 21/mm; 95 per cent CI 19-23) was significantly smaller. The percentage ratio of S100/CD1a was 71 per cent over the carcinoma and 84 per cent in the distant biopsies. The changes were not associated with the presence of nodal metastases or the oestrogen and progesterone status of the primary tumour. The reduction in LC numbers provides a link between decreased monocyte function and the decreased skin hypersensitivity responses found in patients with breast cancer.