gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION, QUALITY CONTROL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 153SM-EDTMP IN WILD-TYPE RODENTS (2009)

Introduction: Nowadays various bone pain palliative therapeutic agents have been developed for bone metastases. Among those, 153Sm-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (153Sm-EDTMP) is the major therapeutic agent which is widely used in the world. In this study, production, quality control and biodistribution studies of this therapeutic radiopharmaceutical have been presented and followed by imaging studies in a wild-type rabbit for the first time in order to make preparations for this agent to be officially approved in the country.
Methods: 153Sm-EDTMP was produced using 153Sm-SmCl3, prepared by neutron activation of an enriched 152Sm sample (purity >98%), and in-house synthesized EDTMP in 4h at 100°C. The analytical data for the structure determination and purity of the ligand was obtained and shown to be identical to an authentic sample from a European vendor. The Radiochemical purity of 153Sm-EDTMP was checked by RTLC and ITLC. The biodistribution of 153Sm-EDTMP in wild-type rodents was checked and SPECT imaging as well as following sacrificing the animal.
Results: The radiolabeled Sm complex was prepared in high radiochemical purity (>99%, RTLC) followed by initial biodistribution data with the significant bone accumulation (>70%) of the tracer in 48h which is comparable with the reported methods.
Conclusion: The produced 153Sm-EDTMP properties suggest good potential for efficient use of this radiopharmaceutical for bone pain palliation and as substitute for other agents, such as 89SrCl2 and 32P, currently used in the country.
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with lecithin (1979)

Six patients with moderate or severe tardive dyskinesia participated in a 14-day double-blind crossover comparison of placebo with 50 g/day of lecithin. There were no side effects, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) ratings of videotaped examinations indicated significant improvement in the dyskinesias of all subjects during the lecithin trial, even with concomitant administration of a constant dose of neuroleptic medication to five patients.
Microbial biofilms and the human intestinal microbiome (2015)

Since early life we are colonised by a myriad of microbes that make up our microbiome. This colonisation process starts at birth or even before, when the virtually sterile baby encounters new microbial environments. It is likely that at this time or at later moments in life, microbial communities are met that have high-level structures with a temporal and spatial organisation, termed biofilms. This perspective will focus on these biofilms and the microbes in the intestinal tract as these are the most numerous in the human body, are found in luminal and mucosal locations, and have a great impact on human health and disease.
Polar Transformation on Image Features for Orientation-Invariant Representations (2018)

The choice of image feature representation plays a crucial role in the analysis of visual information. Although vast numbers of alternative robust feature representation models have been proposed to improve the performance of different visual tasks, most existing feature representations [e.g., handcrafted features or convolutional neural networks (CNNs)] have a relatively limited capacity to capture the highly orientation-invariant (rotation/reversal) features. The net consequence is suboptimal visual performance. To address these problems, this study adopts a novel transformational approach, which investigates the potential of using polar feature representations. Our low level consists of a histogram of oriented gradient, which is then binned using annular spatial bin-type cells applied to the polar gradient. This gives gradient binning invariance for feature extraction. In this way, the descriptors have significantly enhanced orientation-invariant capabilities. The proposed feature representation, called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">orientation-invariant histograms of oriented gradients</i> , is capable of accurately processing visual tasks (e.g., facial expression recognition). In the context of the CNN architecture, we propose two polar convolution operations, referred to as full polar convolution and local polar convolution, and use these to develop polar architectures for the CNN orientation-invariant representation. Experimental results show that the proposed orientation-invariant image representation, based on polar models for both handcrafted features and deep learning features, is both competitive with state-of-the-art methods and maintains compact representation on a set of challenging benchmark image datasets.
Human Keratinocytes That Express hTERT and Also Bypass a p16<sup>INK4a</sup>-Enforced Mechanism That Limits Life Span Become Immortal yet Retain Normal Growth and Differentiation Characteristics (2000)

Normal human cells exhibit a limited replicative life span in culture, eventually arresting growth by a process termed senescence. Progressive telomere shortening appears to trigger senescence in normal human fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelial cells, as ectopic expression of the telomerase catalytic subunit, hTERT, immortalizes these cell types directly. Telomerase expression alone is insufficient to enable certain other cell types to evade senescence, however. Such cells, including keratinocytes and mammary epithelial cells, appear to require loss of the pRB/p16(INK4a) cell cycle control mechanism in addition to hTERT expression to achieve immortality. To investigate the relationships among telomerase activity, cell cycle control, senescence, and differentiation, we expressed hTERT in two epithelial cell types, keratinocytes and mesothelial cells, and determined the effect on proliferation potential and on the function of cell-type-specific growth control and differentiation systems. Ectopic hTERT expression immortalized normal mesothelial cells and a premalignant, p16(INK4a)-negative keratinocyte line. In contrast, when four keratinocyte strains cultured from normal tissue were transduced to express hTERT, they were incompletely rescued from senescence. After reaching the population doubling limit of their parent cell strains, hTERT(+) keratinocytes entered a slow growth phase of indefinite length, from which rare, rapidly dividing immortal cells emerged. These immortal cell lines frequently had sustained deletions of the CDK2NA/INK4A locus or otherwise were deficient in p16(INK4a) expression. They nevertheless typically retained other keratinocyte growth controls and differentiated normally in culture and in xenografts. Thus, keratinocyte replicative potential is limited by a p16(INK4a)-dependent mechanism, the activation of which can occur independent of telomere length. Abrogation of this mechanism together with telomerase expression immortalizes keratinocytes without affecting other major growth control or differentiation systems.
Synchronizing simulations in distributed interactive simulation (1994)

Distributed interactive simulation (DIS) provides the infrastructure to build large-scale simulations by interconnecting independent simulators via a network. These simulators execute primarily in real time because of the human-in-the-loop requirements. The future of DIS in the general area of distributed simulation will include non real time simulations, such as constructive wargames. Active research in the area of parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) has devised means by which event driven simulations can be parallelized, by utilizing state of the art parallel architectures and scheduling events which can be executed concurrently and in a conflict-free fashion. Simulation has experienced growth in both these communities. Each community has specific needs and requirements which have to be met. This paper examines the areas of DIS in which PDES techniques may be employed to achieve more parallelism. In particular, this paper addresses the need for, and implementation of synchronization in current DIS networks. The interaction between constructive and other categories of simulation will require synchronized DIS applications, and employ mechanisms utilized in PDES.
Optimizing Seed Water Content: Relevance to Storage Stability and Molecular Mobility (2010)

This research was conducted to determine the optimum moisture content (MC) that gave maximum longevity to seeds. Three species were used to represent seeds with different dry matter reserves, which gives them different sorption properties: maize (Zea mays L.), elm (Ulmus pumila L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The seeds of elm, safflower, and maize embryos with MC ranging from 0.00-0.15 g H2O/g dry weight (DW) were stored at 35 degrees C for different periods of time. The results showed that the optimum MC for seed and embryo storage varied between species (0.057 g H2O/g DW for maize embryos, 0.045 g H2O/g DW for elm, and 0.02 g H2O/g DW for safflower). Drying below this optimum MC increased the aging rate and there were detrimental effects of drying. The relative humidity corresponding to optimum MC in embryos of maize, elms and safflower was about 15%, 12% and 7% respectively, according to the lipid composition of the embryos. The data provided confirmatory evidence that molecular mobility (DeltaAzz) in elms, maize and safflower embryos was compatible with the optimum moisture content.
Discrete Hilbert transform filtering (2005)

A discrete filtering technique based on the discrete Hilbert Transform (DHT) is presented. The filtering method and its implementation are shown to compare favorably with DFT and FFT filtering. The comparison is presented in terms of complexity of hardware implementation and error accumulation. The DHT itself and derived discrete filter transforms are each presented in matrix form and may be implemented with the same hardware in either series or parallel form. In this manner a large variety of filtering characteristics may be implemented by changes of the stored coefficients only. While the filtering process is a circular convolution, direct convolution filters are obtainable also, by using one row of the matrix only, and are realizable in the form of an FIR (non-recursive) digital filter.
Lithium Treatment Decreases Activities of Tau Kinases in a Murine Model of Senescence (2008)

Lithium modulates glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta), a kinase involved in Alzheimer disease-related tau pathology. To investigate mechanisms of aging and the potential therapy of lithium in neurodegenerative disease, we treated senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)P8 mice, a murine model of senescence, and mice of the control SAMR1 strain with lithium. The treatment reduced hippocampal caspase 3 and calpain activation, indicating that it provides neuroprotection. Lithium also reduced both the levels and activity of GSK-3beta and the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and reduced hyperphosphorylation of 3 different phosphoepitopes of tau: Ser199, Ser212, and Ser396. In lithium-treated primary cultures of SAMP8 and SAMR1 cerebellar neurons, there was a marked reduction in protease activity mediated by calpain and caspase 3. Both lithium and SB415286, a specific inhibitor of GSK-3beta, reduced apoptosis in vitro. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro findings of lithium-mediated reductions in GSK-3beta and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activities, tau phosphorylation, apoptotic activity, and cell death provide a strong rationale for the use of lithium as a potential treatment in neurodegenerative diseases.
User identification via process profiling (2009)

Insiders are authorized persons who possess special privileges of access; these privileges in some cases may be abused. One way in which an insider attack may occur is when user X makes use of user Y's unattended (but logged in) computer, and masquerades as user Y.
Immunomagnetic T Cell Depletion: an Analysis of Variables Affecting Final Cell Yield (2016)

It is extremely important to have experienced staff to perform these procedures. The expected results are different with each procedure so the decision on which of these T cell depletion approaches are used should be based on the characteristics of the final product wanted.
Differential accumulation of water stress‐related proteins, sucrose synthase and soluble sugars in <i>Populus</i> species that differ in their water stress response (1997)

Proteins inducible by dehydration and abscisic acid (ABA), have been identified in a number of species and have been suggested to play a role in desiccation tolerance. Recently, we identified a novel boiling‐stable protein (BspA) which accumulated in shoots of aspen ( Populus tremula L.) cultured in vitro, in response to gradual water stress and ABA application (Pelah et al. 1995. Tree Physiol. 15: 673–678.). Accumulation of BspA, and of the water stress‐related protein dehydrin dsp‐ 16 and sucrose synthase from the resurrection plant. Craterostigma plantagineum , was examined in two greenhouse‐grown Populus species to investigate the relationship between the presence of the proteins and water stress tolerance. Detached leaves of Populus tomentosa lost more water than Populus popularis , resulting in a significant decrease in leaf water potential. Using electrolyte leakage analysis, it was found that detached leaves of Populus popularis are more tolerant to water stress than those of Populus tomentosa . Using western blots with the corresponding antibodies, we have found in Populus popularis accumulation of BspA and sucrose synthase due to water stress, and the constitutive presence of a dehydrin‐like protein. In contrast, a low expression of BspA was found in Populus tomentosa , but not of sucrose synthase and dehydrin‐like proteins. Desiccation tolerance in many tissues can be partly attributed to soluble sugars. Analysis of the amount of soluble sugars did not reveal clear‐cut differences between the two species, except for significant sucrose accumulation and glucose reduction in water‐stressed Populus tomentosa and increase in glucose in water‐stressed Populus popularis . The data obtained points to a positive correlation between increased water stress tolerance of one poplar species as compared with another and accumulation of water stress‐related proteins and sucrose synthase.
Three positive solutions for p-Laplacian functional dynamic equations on time scales (2007)

In this paper, we establish the existence of three positive solutions to the following p-Laplacian functional dynamic equation on time scales, $$displaylines{ [ Phi _p(u^{Delta }(t))] ^{ abla}+a(t)f(u(t),u(mu (t)))=0,quad tin (0,T)_{mathbf{T}}, cr u_0(t)=varphi (t),quad tin [-r,0] _{mathbf{T}},\ u(0)-B_0(u^{Delta }(eta ))=0,quad u^{Delta }(T)=0,. }$$ using the fixed-point theorem due to Avery and Peterson [8]. An example is given to illustrate the main result.
Photochemical and Thermal Reactions of Intermediates in the Phenylnitrene Rearrangement Inside a Hemicarcerand (2007)

Broadband irradiation (lambda > 320 nm) of hemicarceplex H(.)1 between -74 degrees C and -84 degrees C, produces encapsulated didehydroazepine (2), triplet phenylnitrene ((3)PN), 2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-1,3,6-triene (6), and 4-azaspiro[2.4]hepta-1,4,6-triene (7). The highly strained anti-Bredt imine 6 is formed from 2 via a photochemical four-electron electrocyclization. Under the irradiation conditions, 6 rearranges further to azaspirene 7. In addition, 6 thermally rearranges to 7 via a 1,5-sigmatropic shift (DeltaG(267K) = 20.0 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol), yielding a final equilibrium composed of [7]/[6] = 5 at room temperature. The observation of a photochemical rearrangement of 2 to 6 contrasts earlier results of narrow band irradiations (lambda = 334 nm) of matrix-isolated 2, which gave (3)PN (Hayes, J. C.; Sheridan, R. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5879-5881). Encapsulated (3)PN is remarkably stable due to the prevention of its dimerization by the surrounding hemicarcerand. Above 255 K, it slowly decays with a rate constant k = 10(7.7+/-0.4) s(-1) x exp {(13300 +/- 500 cal/mol)/RT}. The isolation of substantial amounts of a hemicarcerand lacking one acetal spanner suggests that (3)PN decays preferentially by inserting into an inward-pointing acetal C-H bond of H.
Computer Modeling and Simulation of Power Electronics Systems for Stability Analysis (2007)

This works focuses on analyzing ac/dc hybrid power systems with large number of power converters that can be used for a variety of applications. A computer model of a sample power system is developed. The system consists of various detailed/switching models that are connected together to study the sample system dynamic behavior and to set conditions for safe operation. The stability analysis of this type of power systems has been approached using time domain simulations. There are three types of stability analysis that are studied: steady-state, small-signal analysis and large signal analysis. The steady-state stability analysis is done by investigating the nominal operation of the power electronics system proposed. The small-signal stability of this system is studied by running different parametric case studies. First, the safe values of the main system parameters are defined from the view of the stability of the complete system. Then, these different critical parameters of the system are mapped together to predict their influence on the system. The large signal stability is examined through the response of the power system to different types of transient changes. There are different load steps applied to the critical parameters of the system at the maximum or minimum stability boundary limit found by the mapping section. The maximum load step after which the system can recover and remain stable is defined. The other type of large signal stability analysis done is the study of faults. There are different faults to be studied; for example, over voltage, under voltage and over current. iii
Growth of Human Keratinocytes in a Defined Medium Supplemented with Growth Factor of Serum (1990)

In order to prepare a good medium for cultivation of keratinocytes, bovine serum was fractionated by precipitation with various concentrations of ammonium sulfate. The fractionated serum proteins were added to the basal medium at a concentration of 3 mg/ml. The best proliferation was observed in the medium supplemented with the 55-70% ammonium sulfate precipitated fraction. No growth of keratinocytes was observed when the medium was supplemented with the 0-35% fraction. The growth promotion by the 55-70% fraction was completely inhibited by the 0-35% fraction. These results have shown that the fractionation of serum protein clearly separated the growth-inhibitory factors and the growth-stimulating factors.
Apoptotic Effects of Protocatechuic Acid in Human Breast, Lung, Liver, Cervix, and Prostate Cancer Cells: Potential Mechanisms of Action (2009)

Apoptotic effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) at 1, 2, 4, 8 micromol/L on human breast cancer MCF7 cell, lung cancer A549 cell, HepG2 cell, cervix HeLa cell, and prostate cancer LNCaP cell were examined. Results showed that PCA concentration-dependently decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, enhanced DNA fragmentation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and lowered Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity for these cancer cells (P < 0.05). PCA also concentration-dependently elevated caspase-3 activity in five cancer cells (P < 0.05), but this agent at 2-8 micromol/L significantly increased caspase-8 activity (P < 0.05). PCA concentration-dependently decreased intercellular adhesion molecule level in test cancer cells (P < 0.05) but significantly inhibited cell adhesion at 2-8 micromol/L (P < 0.05). PCA also concentration-dependently lowered the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in five cancer cells (P < 0.05), but this agent at 2-8 micromol/L significantly suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor production (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that PCA is a potent anticancer agent to cause apoptosis or retard invasion and metastasis in these five cancer cells.
Substrate-Coupled Cross-Talk Effects on an AlGaN/GaN-on-Si Smart Power IC Platform (2014)

Cross talks between low-voltage peripheral devices and high-voltage (HV) power devices on an AlGaN/GaN-on-Si smart power IC platform are investigated by monitoring the transfer, output, and transient characteristics of a low-voltage AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with an HV bias stress applied to an adjacent isolated electrode. The electric measurement was conducted under two types of substrate termination, i.e., floating and grounded. The substrate termination is shown to be the critical factor in the cross talk. The low-voltage HEMT exhibits significant drain-current degradation with a floating substrate, but remains stable with a grounded substrate. It is determined that a coupling path of the switched HV stress is formed from the HV node to the floating low-resistivity Si substrate, and then from the substrate to the HEMT. The negative net charges in the GaN buffer are caused by the electrons injected from the 2DEG channel. It is found that a grounded substrate is helpful for eliminating the cross-talk effect.
Deep Q learning for fooling neural networks (2018)

Deep learning models are vulnerable to external attacks. In this paper, we propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based approach to generate adversarial examples for the pre-trained (target) models. We assume a semi black-box setting where the only access an adversary has to the target model is the class probabilities obtained for the input queries. We train a Deep Q Network (DQN) agent which, with experience, learns to attack only a small portion of image pixels to generate non-targeted adversarial images. Initially, an agent explores an environment by sequentially modifying random sets of image pixels and observes its effect on the class probabilities. At the end of an episode, it receives a positive (negative) reward if it succeeds (fails) to alter the label of the image. Experimental results with MNIST, CIFAR-10 and Imagenet datasets demonstrate that our RL framework is able to learn an effective attack policy.
Developing a benchmark for emotional analysis of music (2017)

Music emotion recognition (MER) field rapidly expanded in the last decade. Many new methods and new audio features are developed to improve the performance of MER algorithms. However, it is very difficult to compare the performance of the new methods because of the data representation diversity and scarcity of publicly available data. In this paper, we address these problems by creating a data set and a benchmark for MER. The data set that we release, a MediaEval Database for Emotional Analysis in Music (DEAM), is the largest available data set of dynamic annotations (valence and arousal annotations for 1,802 songs and song excerpts licensed under Creative Commons with 2Hz time resolution). Using DEAM, we organized the 'Emotion in Music' task at MediaEval Multimedia Evaluation Campaign from 2013 to 2015. The benchmark attracted, in total, 21 active teams to participate in the challenge. We analyze the results of the benchmark: the winning algorithms and feature-sets. We also describe the design of the benchmark, the evaluation procedures and the data cleaning and transformations that we suggest. The results from the benchmark suggest that the recurrent neural network based approaches combined with large feature-sets work best for dynamic MER.
Transport and Partitioning of Nitrogenous Solutes (1980)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More