gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral Analysis by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry. 2. Determination of Enantiomeric Excess of Amino Acids (2000)

The determination of enantiomeric excess (ee) of amino acids was achieved by investigating the collision-induced dissociation spectra of protonated trimers that were formed by electrospray ionization of amino acids in the presence of one of the following chiral selectors: L- or D-N-tert-butoxycarbonylphenylalanine, L- or D-N-tert-butoxycarbonylproline, and L- or D-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-O-benzylserine. The protonated trimers were dissociated to form protonated dimers, and the observed dissociation efficiency r (i.e., the intensity ratio of protonated dimers to protonated trimers) for an enantiomeric mixture was found to be related to its ee value by the following equation: r = a + b/(c + ee), where a, b, and c were constants. A linear calibration plot was obtained by plotting r versus 1/(c + ee), where c was calculated with the MATLAB software, or by plotting 1/(r - r0) versus 1/ee, where r0 was the r value for the racemic mixture. The latter "two-reciprocal" method was more convenient for application. Another practical method for ee determination was the "three-point" method, whereby the ee of an unknown sample with a measured r value could be derived from the equation ee = 100¿1/(rL - r0) - 1/(rD - r0)¿/¿2/(r - r0) - 1/(rL - r0) - 1/(rD - r0)¿, with rL and rD being the r values for the enantiomerically pure L- and D-forms of the sample, respectively. A calibration plot was not required. The ee determination was achieved with acceptable precision even for the worst case of acceptable chiral recognition with a particular chiral selector, suggesting that the ee determination of all 19 common amino acids could be achieved by the present method. The ee of a histidine sample was determined both by the two-reciprocal method, giving an error of 0.2% ee (1.1% relative error) and consuming only approximately 5.3 nmol of sample, and by the three-point method, giving an error of 0.4% ee and consuming only approximately 2.3 nmol of sample. In the latter case, it took 27 min for the mass spectrometric measurements of the three calibration standards and an additional 9 min for the unknown sample. The direct ee determination of more than one amino acid in a mixture was also demonstrated in the study.
AIDS. Pathogenesis and Treatment (1989)

A current, comprehensive, and thorough reference for clinicians and researchers, delineating transmission, expression, and opportunistic diseases and cancers associated with AIDS. Attention is given to management as well as the possibilities of eventual vaccine production. Many charts, tables, and i
Generation of <i>Ski</i> -knockdown mice by expressing a long double-strand RNA from an RNA polymerase II promoter (2003)

We have developed a new vector, named pDECAP, to express long double-strand RNA (ds-RNA) from an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter. Because the transcripts from pDECAP lack both the 5'-cap structure and the 3'-poly(A) tail that facilitate ds-RNA export to the cytoplasm, long ds-RNA from pDECAP does not induce the interferon response. Transgenic mice embryos expressing long ds-RNA for the transcriptional corepressor Ski from this vector exhibited phenotypes that were remarkably similar to those of Ski-deficient embryos, including defects of neural tube closure and eye formation. Thus, this vector provides a new tool to efficiently generate tissue-specific knockdown mice for studying gene function in whole animal systems.
Biocompatibility, MR imaging and targeted drug delivery of a rattle-type magnetic mesoporous silica nanosphere system conjugated with PEG and cancer-cell-specific ligands (2011)

Rattle-type magnetic mesoporous silica nanospheres (RMMSNs) with a magnetic core and a mesoporous silica shell were prepared, and then the surface properties of the nanospheres were modified with biocompatible polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and cancer-cell-specific ligand folic acid (FA), with the aim of specifically targeting cancer cells. Combined Prussian blue staining, magnetic resonance imaging, and high-resolution sector field inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis revealed that the obtained RMMSN-PEG/FA nanocomposite can specifically target cancer cells over-expressing FA receptors (FRs). The nanocomposites displayed very low in vitro toxicity and negligible hemolytic activity, which is in favor of further biological applications. Water-insoluble anticancer drug docetaxel was loaded into the surface-modified RMMSNs and delivered into human cancer cellsviacell uptake. Surface conjugation with cancer-specific targeting agent FA increased the uptake into cancer cells that over-express FRs. In addition, after intravenous injection, the RMMSN-PEG/FA nanocomposite could be transported to the designated organs under an external magnetic field. Findings from this study suggest that the RMMSN-PEG/FA could be used as a platform for simultaneous imaging and therapeutic applications.
Elastomeric Polypropylenes from Unbridged (2-Phenylindene)zirconocene Catalysts:  Thermal Characterization and Mechanical Properties (1998)

The properties of three elastomeric stereoblock polypropylene (PP) samples made with unbridged 2-phenylindene zirconocene catalysts were investigated. One of the characteristics of these catalysts is the ability to control the structure and properties of the polypropylenes by manipulation of the reaction conditions. Samples PP1 and PP2 were prepared to have similar tacticities (as indicated by IR and NMR spectroscopy) yet different molecular weights. The molecular weight of PP2 is approximately half the molecular weight of PP1. Sample PP3 has a molecular weight similar that of PP2 but is lower in isotactic pentad content. All three samples were separated into fractions that differ in their solubilities in boiling ether and heptane. The fractionation appeared to be governed by tacticity and molecular weight. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed very broad melting endotherms. The broadness of the transitions and the relatively large standard deviations calculated for the enthalpy of fusion are indicative of a multiphase material. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the three samples and their fractions (except the ether-soluble fractions) all showed characteristic peaks of the α crystalline phase. The heptane-insoluble fractions of both PP1 and PP2 also exhibited γ-phase reflection, whereas in the heptane-soluble fractions, that reflection is less evident. Tensile tests performed on PP1 and PP2 yielded a similar tensile modulus for the two, indicating similar degrees of crystallinity. PP1 exhibited better recovery properties, as measured in tests at 100% and 300% elongation.
Elasticurves (2011)

Elasticurves present a novel approach to neaten sketches in real-time, resulting in curves that combine smoothness with user-intended detail. Inspired by natural variations in stroke speed when drawing quickly or with precision, we exploit stroke dynamics to distinguish intentional fine detail from stroke noise. Combining inertia and stroke dynamics, elasticurves can be imagined as the trace of a pen attached to the user by an oscillation-free elastic band. Sketched quickly, the elasticurve spatially lags behind the stroke, smoothing over stroke detail, but catches up and matches the input stroke at slower speeds. Connectors, such as lines or circular-arcs link the evolving elasticurve to the next input point, growing the curve by a responsiveness fraction along the connector. Responsiveness is calibrated, to reflect drawing skill or device noise. Elasticurves are theoretically sound and robust to variations in stroke sampling. Practically, they neaten digital strokes in real-time while retaining the modeless and visceral feel of pen on paper.
Removal and Recovery of Organic Pollutants from the Aquatic Environment. VII. Adsorption of Phenol and Carboxylic Acids on Crosslinked Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (1981)

Abstract Molecular adsorptions of phenols and carboxylic acids on crosslinked poly(4-vinylpyridine) were studied in comparison with those on various polymeric adsorbents. Enthalpies for the adsorption of phenol on various polymeric adsorbents were evaluated based upon the temperature dependence of the phenol adsorption isotherms. The enthalpy on crosslinked poly(4-vinylpyridine) was close to that on porous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin with no ion exchange functional group, and was much smaller than that on commercial weak base anion exchange resin. The relative adsorption capacities of various polymeric adsorbents for carboxylic acids and substituted phenols indicated that the acid-base interaction as well as hydrophobic interaction between these organic acids and crosslinked poly(4-vinylpyridine) was an important factor in the adsorption.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis in dogs and cats: 240 cases (1989-1990) (1992)

A search of medical records at the Georgia Animal Poison Information Center over a 19-month period revealed 240 cases of dog and cat exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). The most common NSAID consumed were ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, and indomethacin. The most common clinical signs of toxicosis were vomiting and diarrhea, CNS depression, and circulatory manifestations. Pets are at risk from NSAID toxicosis through administration by the owners or accidental consumption of improperly stored drugs.
Towards universal topological quantum computation in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mstyle scriptlevel="1"><mml:mfrac bevelled="false"><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mfrac></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow></mml:math>fractional quantum Hall state (2006)

The Pfaffian state, which may describe the quantized Hall plateau observed at Landau level filling fraction $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{5}{2}$, can support topologically-protected qubits with extremely low error rates. Braiding operations also allow perfect implementation of certain unitary transformations of these qubits. However, in the case of the Pfaffian state, this set of unitary operations is not quite sufficient for universal quantum computation (i.e. is not dense in the unitary group). If some topologically unprotected operations are also used, then the Pfaffian state supports universal quantum computation, albeit with some operations which require error correction. On the other hand, if certain topology-changing operations can be implemented, then fully topologically-protected universal quantum computation is possible. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to measure the interference between quasiparticle trajectories which encircle other moving trajectories in a time-dependent Hall droplet geometry [cond-mat/0512072].
TV, FM Radio And Weather Band Receixer With Integrated Tuning (2005)

Unique integration of double conversion stereo FM and weather band radio has been accomplished using the television tuner and an FM radio IC. TV tuner issues, choice of first IF frequency, weather band tuning and overall design and performance are discussed.
Development of nanophosphors for light emitting diodes (2011)

We report the development of new nanophosphor structures based on the Mn-doped ZnSeS material system to enhance the color properties, luminosity and efficiency of white LEDs. These structures have been demonstrated for phosphor-based white LED applications utilizing both blue and UV LED systems. Bandgap tuning for near UV (405 nm) and blue (460 nm) excitations are reported. Using various optimization procedures, we have produced ZnSe:Mn nanoparticles with an external quantum yield greater than 80%.
Overview of the Biology of Lumbar Spine Fusion and Principles for Selecting a Bone Graft Substitute (2002)

In general, purely osteoconductive substitutes are less effective in adult posterolateral spine fusions, but may be suitable in the anterior spine when it is rigidly immobilized. Osteoinductive substitutes are more likely to be successful as extenders, enhancers, or substitutes for posterolateral spine fusion.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Methylphenidate in Children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (1999)

Sources of individual variation in plasma methylphenidate (MP) concentrations during usual clinical use are not established. This was evaluated in a series of patients receiving clinical treatment with MP. A single plasma MP concentration was determined in each of 273 children and adolescents ages 5 to 18 years (mean: 11.1 years) who were clinically good responders to MP for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. MP was given on a twice-daily schedule (mean dose: 25 mg/day) in 40% of patients and three times daily (mean dose: 39.3 mg/day) in 60%. A nonlinear regression model was applied to estimate overall population values of MP clearance and elimination half-life (t1/2), assuming a one-component model with first-order absorption and elimination, and further assuming that clearance is linearly related to body weight. The model incorporated each patient's dosage size and schedule, body weight, and time of the plasma sample. Iterated solutions of best fit were: t1/2, 4.5 hours (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1-8.1 hours), and apparent clearance, 90.7 ml/min/kg (95% CI: 74.6-106.7 ml/min/kg). The model explained 43% of the overall variance in MP concentrations (r2 = 0.43, p < .001). In a small subsample (N = 16), a second plasma sample was drawn at the same time of day and at the same dose; the correlation between the two concentration values was 0.83. The relatively noninvasive approach used in this study allows the assessment of pharmacokinetic properties of medications under conditions of appropriate clinical use in special populations such as children, adolescents, and the elderly.
Log-likelihood-ratio ordered successive interference cancellation in multi-user, multi-mode MIMO systems (2008)

Log-likelihood-ratio (LLR) ordered successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme is analyzed in multi-user, multi-mode, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems in which each user may choose between two operation modes: spatial multiplexing or beamforming. The main idea is to detect and cancel the user signal in order of LLR which provides a posteriori information about the reliability of detection. The simulation results indicate that LLR-ordered SIC provides 1 ~ 3 dB gain over the conventional SNR-ordered SIC in multiuser MIMO system and the gain increases with increasing number of users.
Post PVC Sound Insulating Underbody coating (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Underbody coating is used to prevent chipping damage of the automobile underbody and wheel well. Multi-functional material that gives sound insulating properties is called sound insulating underbody coating. This paper describes the development of underbody coating material with powdered acrylic composition as an alternative to polyvinyl chloride resin. The new material also has better foaming properties. It is possible to ensure excellent sound insulating performance with thin film. This multi-functional underbody coating is the first application in the world with weight reduction and cost saving, and in a more environmentally acceptable manner.</div>
哲学方法论（专栏）——坐在扶椅上能追求到什么？ (2009)

这是《哲学的哲学》一书的导言部分，作者指出了该书的基本思想是：第一，认为哲学不同于自然科学研究的例外论假定是错误的，甚至先验与后验之间的区分最终遮蔽了内在的相似性。第二，哲学与其他科学之间在主题上的差异，也不如我们通常认为的那样深。第三，当前的哲学主流未能清楚地阐明一种适当的哲学方法论，部分地是由于它陷入了对数据的心理学化的传统认识论错误。本书对哲学方法论的再思考，包含了在一种恰当的抽象水平上理解如何做哲学。
Extending User Understanding of Federal Statistics in Tables (2000)

This paper describes progress toward improving user interfaces for US Federal government statistics that are presented in tables. Based on studies of user behaviors and needs related to statistical tables, we describe interfaces to assist diverse users with a range of statistical literacy to explore, find, understand, and use US Federal government statistics.
Spectral contrast normalization and other techniques for speech recognition in noise (1992)

Three methods of improving speech recognition in noise are considered: energy thresholding, a noise-robust spectral representation called IMELDA, and a set of noise-robust spectral distortion measures. The spectral distortion measures can be seen as normalizing the contrast in the spectrum, a problem which can be transferred to the representation itself, making it computationally more efficient. In speaker-independent alphabet recognition tests in added steady white noise at various levels, IMELDA is shown to outperform a weighted cepstrum representation and be computationally more efficient. With this material and with digits recorded in trucks at a wide range of noise levels, performance is found to depend strongly on the threshold level. Contrast normalization is found to help, but only when the energy threshold is far from its optimum level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of γ-Alkoxy-n-propylamines (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of γ-Alkoxy-n-propylaminesWilliam P. Utermohlen Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 9, 1505–1506Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01225a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01225a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bed detection for monitoring system in hospital wards (2012)

Patient monitoring system has been providing a means for caregivers to regularly observe patients' condition in a multiple intensive care units from a single remote location in hospitals. In addition, the system may provide an addition layer of care, which includes software tools that support analysis of patients' vital signs, trends etc. To allow visual surveillance, cameras are installed in the patient wards. From the clinical observation, the key area in the hospital are around and on the bed as most of the activities take place and where patients spend most of their time. Therefore detecting the bed is the first basic task in studying and monitoring the patients' behavior. We have developed a novel technique in detecting the patient bed. This technique is based on Canny Edge detector and Hough Transformation. The algorithm is tested and the experimental results show that our proposed method can effectively locate the position of the patient bed.
The P2Y1 Receptor Is Necessary for Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate–Induced Platelet Aggregation (1998)

The human P2Y1 receptor heterologously expressed in Jurkat cells behaves as a specific adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) receptor at which purified adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an ineffective agonist, but competitively antagonizes the action of ADP. This receptor is thus a good candidate to be the elusive platelet P2T receptor for ADP. In the present work, we examined the effects on ADP-induced platelet responses of two selective and competitive P2Y1 antagonists, adenosine-2'-phosphate-5'-phosphate (A2P5P) and adenosine-3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate (A3P5P). Results were compared with those for the native P2Y1 receptor expressed on the B10 clone of rat brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC) and for the cloned human P2Y1 receptor expressed on Jurkat cells. A2P5P and A3P5P inhibited ADP-induced platelet shape change and aggregation (pA2 = 5) and competitively antagonized calcium movements in response to ADP in fura-2-loaded platelets, B10 cells, and P2Y1-Jurkat cells. In contrast, these compounds had no effect on ADP-induced inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in platelets or B10 cells, whereas known antagonists of platelet activation by ADP such as Sp-ATPalphaS were effective. These identical signaling responses and pharmacologic properties suggest that platelets and BCEC share a common P2Y1 receptor involved in ADP-induced aggregation and vasodilation, respectively. This P2Y1 receptor coupled to the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores was found to be necessary to trigger ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The present results, together with data from the literature, also point to the existence of another as yet unidentified ADP receptor, coupled to adenylyl cyclase and responsible for completion of the aggregation response. Thus, the term, P2T, should no longer be used to designate a specific molecular entity.
Health Promotion among Older Populations (1983)

This article advocates the importance of health promotion among the aged. Basic issues regarding health education are explored along with barriers against and arguments for increasing such activities. Ways in which the surrounding environment has changed because of the "aging" of America are described. Proposed strategies focus on promotion of health, particularly on maintenance and rehabilitation as aspects of secondary prevention.
Novel Self-adaptive Compensated Differential Protection Design Suitable for Powerformer (2006)

This paper presents a self-adaptive compensated differential protection of AC synchronous generators, a particular type of high-voltage graded insulated cable-wound generator, Powerformer. The phase voltages at the terminals are utilized to estimate the capacitive currents when the generator is synchronized and no fault is detected. With the calculated capacitive current the “suppositional” capacitance distribution coefficient along with the winding of the generator can be determined. This capacitance will be equivalently arranged “suppositionally” on the terminal and neutral of the generator respectively. Then, the capacitive current in the case of normal operation, external fault and internal fault can be calculated using the terminal voltage and the determined capacitance. It can be compensated to improve the reliability of the differential protection. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated with the simulation test results.
Hydrophobic non-fouling surfaces for droplet based microfluidic bioanalytical systems (2006)

This paper presents the principle, fabricated structure, characterization and results obtained for a new class of surfaces—“hydrophobic non-fouling surfaces”—for droplet-based microfluidics. Building on the theory of wetting of rough surfaces, we have developed novel surfaces which are chemically hydrophilic, i.e., the droplet is in contact with a non-fouling hydrophilic material but exhibits hydrophobic properties (high contact angle) as a result of thermodynamically stabilized air traps beneath the droplet.