gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NF-kappa B-dependent induction of the NF-kappa B p50 subunit gene promoter underlies self-perpetuation of human immunodeficiency virus transcription in monocytic cells. (1992)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the sustained nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B observed in U937 monocytic cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were studied. The activity of the promoter regulating the synthesis of the p105 precursor of the NF-kappa B p50 subunit was enhanced in these cells. Deletions in this promoter indicated that this upregulation was mediated through the NF-kappa B- but not the AP-1-binding motif, by bona fide p50/p65 heterodimers. Analysis of cytosolic extracts indicated that NF-kappa B levels were increased in HIV-infected cells. In contrast to the transient NF-kappa B activation induced by phorbol ester, the permanent NF-kappa B translocation induced by HIV infection was not dependent on PKC isoenzymes alpha and beta as shown by the use of a specific inhibitor (GF 109203X). These observations indicate that during chronic HIV infection of U937 cells, continuous NF-kappa B (p50/p65) translocation results in p105 promoter upregulation with subsequent cytosolic NF-kappa B accumulation, ready for further translocation. This HIV-mediated mechanism results in a self-perpetuating loop of NF-kappa B production.
The distance to community medical care and the likelihood of hospitalization: is closer always better? (1997)

Distance to the hospital exerts an important influence on hospitalization rates that is unlikely to be explained by illness rates.
Synthesis and Analysis of Mechanism Based Inhibitors of Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase from Insect Trichoplusia ni (2002)

The research presented here entails a multi-disciplinary advance at understanding the role of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase in the metabolism of juvenile hormone in last stadium Trichoplusia ni. The work combines synthetic organic chemistry and biochemistry. A series of juvenile hormone analogs have been synthesized and their effectiveness to inhibit insect JHEH has been ascertained. Some of the key elements in the synthetic sequence for the fluorinated compounds include chemoselective oxidation of a primary alcohol in the presence of an alpha-fluorinated alcohol, introduction of a geminal difluoro group via a Reformatsky reaction or use of the DAST reagent, and selective nucleophilic and electrophilic epoxidation reactions. The synthesis of some of the non-fluorinated compounds employed regio-selective opening of an epoxide, Sonogashira palladium catalyzed cross coupling, nucleophilic epoxidation, and a variety of protecting group manipulations. Of all the inhibitors tested, the alkene 10 was the most effective alternative substrate with an I50 of 4.29 mM, slightly more potent than the benchmark MEMD. We also found that the introduction of fluorine increased the potency of the inhibitors compared to the non-fluorinated analogs. Lastly, inhibitor 5 provided insight to support a novel mechanism based inhibition of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase by formation of a tetrahydrofuran intermediate.
Structural studies on penicillin derivatives. V. Penicillin sulfoxide-sulfenic acid equilibrium (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural studies on penicillin derivatives. V. Penicillin sulfoxide-sulfenic acid equilibriumRobin D. G. CooperCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 16, 5010–5011Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00719a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00719a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
To grow or defend? Low red : far‐red ratios reduce jasmonate sensitivity in Arabidopsis seedlings by promoting <scp>DELLA</scp> degradation and increasing <scp>JAZ</scp>10 stability (2014)

How plants balance resource allocation between growth and defense under conditions of competitive stress is a key question in plant biology. Low red : far-red (R : FR) ratios, which signal a high risk of competition in plant canopies, repress jasmonate-induced defense responses. The mechanism of this repression is not well understood. We addressed this problem in Arabidopsis by investigating the role of DELLA and JASMONATE ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins. We showed that a quintuple della mutant and a phyB mutant were insensitive to jasmonate for several physiological readouts. Inactivation of the photoreceptor phyB by low R : FR ratios rapidly reduced DELLA protein abundance, and the inhibitory effect of FR on jasmonate signaling was missing in the gai-1 mutant, which encodes a stable version of the GAI DELLA protein. We also demonstrated that low R : FR ratios and the phyB mutation stabilized the protein JAZ10. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JAZ10 was required for the inhibitory effect of low R : FR on jasmonate responses, and that the jaz10 mutation restored jasmonate sensitivity to the phyB mutant. We conclude that, under conditions of competition for light, plants redirect resource allocation from defense to rapid elongation by promoting DELLA degradation and enhancing JAZ10 stability.
The challenge of DVD authoring (2002)

The evolution of DVD promises telecomputers will find their way into our living rooms: linked to a large flat screen which will be able to display HDTV, standard definition TV, video games, interactive movies from digital versatile discs (DVD), Internet, video telephony and computer graphics. For the first time, Hollywood studios and consumer electronic companies have formed an alliance to support the DVD technology which is critical for both sides. We address the complex process of DVD authoring.
Quantitative studies of vaginal bacteria. (1986)

A quantitative method of culture, based on a weighed sample and with results expressed as colony forming units (cfu)/g was assessed and used to investigate the vaginal flora of normal women and that of women with vaginal disease. Samples were collected by means of disposable plastic loops into modified proteose peptone water transport medium in preweighed bottles. Counts expressed as cfu/g of secretion were consistent, whereas counts expressed as cfu/ml were inconsistent. Results obtained with specimens manipulated on the open bench were the same as those from duplicate samples processed in an anaerobic chamber. The normal vaginal flora was predominantly aerobic--lactobacilli, coryneforms, and coagulase negative staphylococci--with counts of greater than or equal to 10(8) cfu/g for lactobacilli. These were also present in patients with candidosis, but the flora in patients with trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhoea, or chlamydial infection was predominantly anaerobic. The commonest anaerobes were Bacteroides spp, particularly B bivius; they were found in 55% of controls but at counts of 10(2) cfu/g lower than in the patients, most of whom had high counts of anaerobes (greater than 10(8) cfu/g). The isolation rate of Gardnerella vaginalis was not appreciably greater from patients with bacterial vaginosis, and the quantitative cultures on controls and patients who were G vaginalis positive were the same (approximately equal to 10(7) cfu/g). Quantitative studies show greater differences than qualitative cultures between normal controls and patients with vaginal infections, indicating that some symptoms and signs of such infections may be related to quantitative polymicrobial changes.
An uplink CDMA system architecture with diverse QoS guarantees for heterogeneous traffic (1999)

The uplink access control problems for cellular code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems that service heterogeneous traffic with various types of quality-of-service (QoS) and use multicode CDMA to support variable bit rates are addressed. Considering its distinct QoS requirements, class-I real-time traffic (e.g., voice and video) is differentiated from class-II non-real-time traffic (e.g., data). Connection-oriented transmission is achieved by assigning mobile-oriented code channels for class-I traffic, where each corresponding mobile needs to pass an admission test. Class-II traffic is transmitted in a best-effort manner through a transmission-rate request access scheme which utilizes the bandwidth left unused by class-I traffic. Whenever a mobile has class-II messages to transmit, the mobile requests code channels via a base station-oriented transmission-request code channel, then, according to the base station scheduling, the transmission is scheduled and permitted. Addressed are the admission test for class-I connections, transmission power allocation, and how to maximize the aggregate throughput for class-II traffic. The admission region of voice and video connections and the optimum target signal-to-interference ratio of class-II traffic are derived numerically. The performance of class-II traffic transmissions in terms of average delay is also evaluated and discussed.
Underwater friction surfacing (2000)

Underwater friction surfacing experiments were carried out in a waterbath to clarify the effect of the surrounding medium on the characteristics of the process and the deposit. A quench hardenable martensitic stainless steel with 1%C and 17%Cr was used as the coating material and low carbon structural steel as the substrate. The mechanisms of friction surfacing have been analysed and the results show that a uniform hardness distribution and refined microstructure can be achieved in the transverse section of the deposit. As a result of the cooling effect of water, the deposition efficiency of the consumable material under water was greater than in air. Defects such as quench cracks were not observed in water owing to the reheating characteristics of the underwater friction surfacing process.
Dynamic properties of a 1.3 μm light-emission-and-detection (LEAD) diode with a high mesa semi-insulating BH for subscriber TCM transmission (1996)

This paper describes the dynamic properties of a 1.3 /spl mu/m light-emission-and-detection (LEAD) diode that has a high mesa semi-insulating buried heterostructure (SI-BH) to reduce the capacitance of the chip (0.6-0.8 pF). A modulation bandwidth of 12 GHz in laser diode (LD) operation and a detection bandwidth of about 2 GHz in photodetector (PD) operation are achieved using a chip and a module, respectively. In bit error rate (BER) performance at 30 Mb/s, a receiver sensitivity (BER=10/sup -8/) of -40.2 dBm is confirmed, and switching characteristics of under 1 /spl mu/s from LD to PD operation are estimated by circuit simulation.
2009 개정 교육과정에서 공통과정 기간 단축의 타당성 평가 -한·중·일 사회과 교육과정의 비교를 중심으로 (2010)

이 연구는 2009 개정 교육과정에서 의무교육 연한과 학제를 근거로 공통과정 기간을 10년에서 9년으로 단축하려는 방향이 타당한지를 평가하려는 목적에서 이루어졌다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 우리나라와 동일하게 의무교육 연한을 9년으로 학제를 6-3-3제로 운영하고 있는 중국과 일본을 대상으로 사회과 교육과정에 편성된 과목 체계와 경제 영역의 내용체계를 비교하였다. 필수 과목과 선택 과목의 과목 편성 체계의 비교를 통하여 의무교육 연한과 학제와의 연계성이 공통과정의 기간을 단축하는 근거로서 타당한지를 1차적으로 분석하기 위함이다. 그리고 경제 영역의 내용체계의 비교를 통해 공통과정의 기간이 단축되어 고등학교에 편성되어 있던 필수 과목의 교육 내용이 중학교에서 학습할 경우에 예상되는 문제점을 분석함으로써, 공통과정의 단축이 교육적으로 타당한 조치인지를 2차적으로 평가하기 위함이다. 이와 같은 목적에 따라 한·중·일 사회과 교육과정을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2007 개정 교육과정과 유사하게 중국과 일본의 개정 교육과정에서는 의무교육 연한이 적용되지 않는 고등학교 교육과정에 필수 과목이 편성되어 있다. 이와 같이 편성된 중국과 일본의 개정 교육과정은 모든 학생들이 이수해야 하는 필수 과목이 의무교육 연한에 한정하여 편성되어야만 하는 것은 아니라는 것을 보여주는 사례이다. 둘째, 거시경제와 국제경제 내용은 대체로 세 나라 모두 고등학교 교육과정에 편성되어 있다. 이것은 2007 개정 교육과정에 거시경제와 국제경제 내용을 고등학교에 편성하는 것이 우리나라의 특수한 현상이 아니며, 거시경제와 국제경제 내용은 고등학교에 편성되는 것이 보다 타당할 가능성이 있음을 보여주는 사례이다. 따라서 2007 개정 고등학교 ``사회`` 과목에 편성되어 있는 거시경제와 국제경제 내용이 중학교 교육과정에 통합될 경우 중학생들의 학습 부담이 증가할 가능성을 배제할 수 없다. 위의 두 가지 분석 결과에 근거할 때 2009 개정 교육과정에서 공통과정의 기간을 단축하려는 방향은 설득력을 갖기에는 아직 부족하며, 신증하게 접근해야 할 조치라고 평가하였다. 성급하게 공통과정을 단축할 경우 시행착오가 발생할 가능성이 있으므로, 시행착오를 겪지 않기 위해서는 공통과정의 기간을 단축하기 전에 다른 국가나 지역의 교육과정을 면밀하게 분석할 필요가 있다고 제안하였다. 이와 더불어 공통 과정을 10년으로 재조정하거나 고등학교에 편성되어 있는 사회 과목 등의 공통 과목이 존치될 수 있도록 공통 2009 개정 교육과정 총론을 수정·고시할 것을 제안하였다.
Label‐Free and Continuous‐Flow Ferrohydrodynamic Separation of HeLa Cells and Blood Cells in Biocompatible Ferrofluids (2015)

In this study, a label-free, low-cost, and fast ferrohydrodynamic cell separation scheme is demonstrated using HeLa cells (an epithelial cell line) and red blood cells. The separation is based on cell size difference, and conducted in a custom-made biocompatible ferrofluid that retains the viability of cells during and after the assay for downstream analysis. The scheme offers moderate-throughput (≈10<sup>6</sup> cells h<sup>-1</sup> for a single channel device) and extremely high recovery rate (>99%) without the use of any label. It is envisioned that this separation scheme will have clinical applications in settings where rapid cell enrichment and removal of contaminating blood will improve efficiency of screening and diagnosis such as cervical cancer screening based on mixed populations in exfoliated samples.
Cleavage at the Furin Consensus Sequence RAR/KR <sup>109</sup> and Presence of the Intervening Peptide of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein Are Dispensable for Virus Replication in Cell Culture (2002)

Proteolytic processing of the respiratory syncytial virus F (fusion) protein results in the generation of the disulfide-linked subunits F1 and F2 and in the release of pep27, a glycopeptide originally located between the two furin cleavage sites FCS-1 (RKRR(136)) and FCS-2 (RAR/KR(109)). We made use of reverse genetics to study the importance of FCS-2 and of pep27 for BRSV replication in cell culture. Replacement of FCS-2 in the F protein of recombinant viruses by either of the sequences NANR(109), RANN(109) or SANN(109), respectively, abolished proteolytic processing at this position, whereas the cleavage of FCS-1 was not affected. All mutants replicated in calf kidney and Vero cells in the absence of exogenous trypsin, although somewhat higher titers of BRSV containing the NANR(109) or the RANN(109) motif were achieved in the presence of trypsin. The virus mutants showed a reduced cytopathic effect which was lowest in the case of the SANN(109) mutant. These findings demonstrate that cleavage at FCS-2 is dispensable for replication of respiratory syncytial virus in cell culture. A deletion mutant containing FCS-1 but lacking FCS-2 and most of pep27 replicated in cell culture as efficiently as the parental virus, indicating that this domain of the F protein is not essential for virus maturation and infectivity.
4-<i>O</i>-BENZYL-2,3-<i>O</i>-ISOPROPYLIDENE-<scp>l</scp>-THREOSE —A NEW AND USEFUL BUILDING BLOCK FOR THE SYNTHESES OF <scp>l</scp>-SUGARS— (1982)

Abstract 4-O-Benzyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-l-threose (1), a new building block for the synthesis of carbohydrates was prepared. The stereoselective addition of various nucleophiles to 1 afforded useful intermediates toward l-sugar derivatives.
A Technique for Verifying Component-Based Software (2005)

Component-based software systems raise new problems for the testing community: the reuse of components suggests the possibility of reducing testing costs by reusing information about the quality of the software components. This paper addresses the problem of testing evolving software systems, i.e., systems obtained by modifying and/or substituting some of their components. The paper proposes a technique to automatically identify behavioral differences between different versions of the system, to deduce possible problems from inconsistent behaviors. The approach is based on the automatic distilling of invariants from in-field executions. The computed invariants are used to monitor the behavior of new components, and to reveal unexpected interactions. The event generated while monitoring system executions are presented to software engineers who can infer possible problems of the new versions.
Treatment of Failing Glaucoma Filtering Cystic Blebs with Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) (1995)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a clot-specific fibrinolytic agent shown to be effective in decreasing postsurgical fibrin formation and enhancing filtration after trabeculectomy. To evaluate the efficacy of tPA on blebs showing clinical evidence of failure, a retrospective analysis was performed on 20 eyes of 20 glaucoma patients with failing or failed cystic filtering bleb treated with tPA intrableb and/or intracameral injection. The average pre-tPA intraocular pressure (IOP) was 18.0 +/- 7.2 mmHg and post-tPA was 12.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg. Fifteen of 20 eyes (75%) were able to maintain their IOP at or below target level, in the follow-up period of 3 to 7 months. Eight of the 15 eyes with successful outcome were free of glaucoma medication. Patients experienced no pain or irritation during and after the injection of tPA. No adverse effects on visual acuity or major complications were encountered. Transient mild complications related to tPA injections were subconjunctival hemorrhage (2 eyes), hyphema (1 eye) and hypotony (6 eyes). The revision of failing cystic bleb by tPA intrableb and/or intracameral injection may be considered as a useful adjunct with low risk in management of failing cystic blebs. A well designed clinical trial would provide needed information pertaining to the nature of cystic bleb formation as well as the efficacy, safety and clinical implication on the tPA treatment.
Demonstration of data remodulation for upstream traffic in WDM access networks using injection-locked FP laser as modulator (2002)

We propose and demonstrate an upstream-traffic remodulation scheme based on injection locking of a FP laser diode on the downstream wavelength. The original 10 Gbit/s downstream data are largely suppressed, allowing simultaneous direct modulation of 1-Gb/s upstream data with improved signal quality.
Induction of Mucosal and Systemic Responses against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein 120 in Mice after Oral Immunization with a Single Dose of a <i>Salmonella</i> -HIV Vector (1997)

Previous studies from our group showed that a Salmonella-HIV vector vaccine that expressed recombinant HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 stably in the vector cytoplasm elicited type 1 helper T cell (Th1) responses to gp120. Despite the promise of such vaccines, a major limitation in their use was that multiple immunizations were required to elicit even small responses. For this reason, we sought a modified vector configuration that would induce more potent gp120-specific T cell responses exhibiting a broader spectrum of effector functions after a single inoculation. In this article we describe the construction and immunogenicity of a Salmonella-HIV vector that displays a truncated derivative of HIV-1(IIIB) envelope in the periplasm of the vector. A single oral dose of this Salmonella vector, called H683(pW58-asd+), generated a gp120-specific proliferation response in the spleen 14 days after immunization. In agreement with our previous findings, the gp120-specific splenic CD4+ T cells elicited by H683(pW58-asd+) displayed a Th1 phenotype; however, gp120-specific splenic CD4+ Th2 cells were also evident. In addition, this strain induced strong gp120-specific IgA antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses in the intestinal lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes. As many as 2% of the total lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node IgA ASCs were found to be specific for gp120 28 days after a single oral dose of H683(pW57-asd+). Because the proliferative response following a single dose of H683(pW58-asd+) was comparable to that seen previously after three doses of an analogous construct expressing recombinant gp120 in the cytoplasm, these observations suggest that Salmonella-vectored secreted HIV-1 antigens elicit higher T cell responses than their cytoplasmically bound analogs.
Dexterous manipulation using both palm and fingers (2014)

This paper focuses on the problem of manipulating the orientation of a polygonal object in hand. We propose a control technique which integrates the use of palm and fingers to pick up a given object on the table, to drop it on a specific spot on the palm, and to let it roll continuously and controllably on the palm, subject to the gravitational and contact forces. We formulate a simple and fast algorithm to control the tilting angle of the palm based on the conservation of mechanical energy and an empirical model of energy dissipation due to collisions. We also develop a multifingers controller for stable grasp and for correcting the rolling motion. The proposed technique is demonstrated on a simulated robotic hand manipulating a wide range of objects with different geometry and physical properties.
A new Acinopterus from southern California (1925)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
An efficient loss recovery scheme for on-demand video streaming over the internet (2005)

Streaming services over the Internet are expected to grow rapidly in the near future. However, packet losses caused by buffer overflow at routers are a serious problem in these services, and are responsible for degradation of the quality of service (QoS). Forward error correction (FEC) is a promising technique to recover the lost packets and improve the QoS of streaming media. However, if FEC is applied for whole bandwidth between nodes, it may degrade the QoS of all communications due to the increased congestion caused by FEC overhead. In this paper, a novel FEC method that sends all FEC contents to the receiver end before media streaming starts is proposed. Thus, it avoids the increased congestion caused by FEC overhead during media streaming. Also, low priorities are given to some of the media packets at the sender end, considering the FEC recovery ability and video encoding method of MPEG-2. A simple algorithm of priority-based packet discarding at the routers avoids buffer overflows. The results of computer simulations show that the packet loss ratio of proposed method is highly improved compared to the conventional method even for highly congested networks
Motor-assisted chip-in-a-tube (MACT): a new 2- and 3-dimensional centrifugal microfluidic platform for biomedical applications (2016)

Currently, centrifuge apparatus is primarily an end-point sample processing piece of equipment. The lack of real-time active control has imposed an inherent limitation such that many delicate sample processing steps requiring immediate and accurate intervention have never been possible. We report herein a motor-assisted chip-in-a-tube (MACT) platform in which a microfluidic chip placed inside a common centrifuge canister can be rotated through wireless control in order to manipulate the centrifugal force vector in a 3-dimensional (3D) manner. As a demonstration experiment, we have used our MACT prototype to perform the operation for two common biomedical procedures, namely human blood plasma separation and E. coli plasmid DNA extraction. This simple, yet highly effective and versatile approach may serve as a generic one-for-all platform for a wide range of common laboratory experiments and bioassay applications.