gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quazepam versus triazolam in patients with sleep disorders: a double-blind study. (1993)

Quazepam, a recently introduced long-half-life benzodiazepine, seems to have a more specific hypnotic activity and a physiological mechanism of action. The present study evaluated clinical efficacy and eventually rebound symptoms after the treatment with quazepam and triazolam. Sixty-five patients, affected by sleep disorders, were entered into the study. Patients were treated with a placebo for four days and, if no amelioration of insomnia was observed, they were allocated randomly to receive 15 mg of quazepam (32 patients) or 0.5 mg triazolam (33 patients) for eight weeks and finally the placebo for another week. The sleep quality, the sleep efficacy, the unwanted effects and the rebound effects had been assessed by specific evaluation scales. Both of the drugs showed a hypnogenic efficacy but patients treated with quazepam had significantly less night awakenings; at the treatment's interruption, only the patients treated with triazolam had longer awakenings and rebound symptoms. In conclusion, quazepam seems to have a good hypnotic effect without inducing rebound effects. On the contrary, triazolam turned out to be just a hypnoinducent drug with higher risks of rebound effects after withdrawal.
Monolayer and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer surface and spectral studies of poly-3-BCMU (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonolayer and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer surface and spectral studies of poly-3-BCMUJ. E. Biegajski, D. A. Cadenhead, and P. N. PrasadCite this: Langmuir 1988, 4, 3, 689–693Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00081a032https://doi.org/10.1021/la00081a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual polarized multilayer aperture-coupled patch antennas for spaceborne application in C- and X-band (2002)

The paper discusses the element and subarray requirements and designs for advanced dual polarized future spaceborne SAR antennas using aperture-coupled microstrip patch elements. Special emphasis is given to achieve high polarization purity, low loss, good port-to-port isolation, high bandwidth and high aperture efficiency. Two design examples are shown for frequencies in C-band (5.3 GHz) and X-band (9.6 GHz) having a port-to-port-isolation of 25 dB and a polarization isolation better than 28 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Axonemal radial spokes (2012)

The radial spoke (RS) is a complex of at least 23 proteins that works as a mechanochemical transducer between the central-pair apparatus and the peripheral microtubule doublets in eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia. The RS contributes to the regulation of the activity of dynein motors, and thus to flagellar motility. Despite numerous biochemical, physiological and structural studies, the mechanism of the function of the radial spoke remains unclear. Detailed knowledge of the 3D structure of the RS protein complex is needed in order to understand how RS regulates dynein activity. Here we review the most important findings on the structure of the RS, including results of our recent cryo-electron tomographic analysis of the RS protein complex.
"Survival of the Fittest" an Optimized Well Location Algorithm for Reservoir Simulation (1998)

Abstract Traditionally, the optimization of well locations using a numerical simulator is time demanding and based on a manual trial end error process. This paper develops an automated technique to locate production wells. The automatic process is based on an algorithm that combines a 3-D simulation model with an external optimization code. The process is genetic in nature. Starting from a maximum well count, it proceeds in steps selecting a set of wells at the end of each 3-D simulation forecast and stops when a desired number of producing wells is reached. Two applications of the automatic well location process are presented. The first example considers the Ekofisk field, the largest oil field in the Norwegian sector of the North sea, with more than 20 years of production, water and gas injection. In this case, 32 new well locations have been automatically identified. The second example applies the process to the Smorbukk field, a very complex sandstone reservoir with oil and gas condensate layers and dry gas reinjection. 18 well locations have been automatically defined and connected to 6 subsea templates. In both cases, it has been possible to manage specific topics related to the field and to obtain a large increase in the economic value, accelerating the production and increasing the final field recovery significantly. The total process run time does not exceed 24 hours. This new methodology proved to be reliable and quick and is strongly recommended in studies where complex simulation work is required to optimize well locations and when different geological descriptions and development scenarios have to be verified in short time, such as geostatistical realizations. The technical advantages of such a process are:–Consistent methodologies allow for true comparison between models.–Added value and reserves when compared to the traditional manual procedure.–Significant time saving. P. 255
Effect of electromagnetic stirring on flow field in mold under submerged entry nozzle clogging (2016)

A physical model with mercury as analog was developed to investigate the influences of electromagnetic stirring( EMS) on flow field in slab continuous casting when the submerged entry nozzle( SEN) was clogged with different clogging rates( 0,10%,25%,and 50%). The flow field in mold under different EMS currents( 0,40 A,and 60 A) was measured by an ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter. The results proved that the flow field in the mold was a typical double roll structure under non-clogging SEN. As the SEN clogging rate increased,the flow field structure was transformed from a double roll to asymmetry flow. When the clogging rate reached 50%,the up circulation disappeared on the clogged side. The zone under the meniscus near the narrow face was a non-flowing area. EMS could correct bias flowcaused by SEN clogging and improve the symmetry of the flow field during SEN clogging.
A modified cross-correlation method for system identification of power converters with digital control (2004)

For digitally controlled switching power converters, on-line system identification can be used to assess the system dynamic responses and stability margins. This paper presents a modified correlation method for system identification of power converters with digital control. By injecting a multiperiod pseudo random binary signal (PRBS) to the control input of a power converter, the system frequency response can be derived by cross-correlation of the input signal and the sensed output signal. Compared to the conventional cross-correlation method, averaging the cross-correlation over multiple periods of the injected PRBS can significantly improve the identification results in the presence of PRBS-induced artifacts, switching and quantization noises. An experimental digitally controlled forward converter with an FPGA-based controller is used to demonstrate accurate and effective identification of the converter control-to-output response.
The kinase inhibitor PP1 blocks tumorigenesis induced by RET oncogenes. (2002)

Oncogenic activation of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase is common in different human cancers. We found that the pyrazolo-pyrimidine PP1 inhibited RET-derived oncoproteins with a half maximal inhibitor concentration of 80 nM. Furthermore, RET/PTC3-transformed cells treated with 5 microM of PP1 lost proliferative autonomy and showed morphological reversion. PP1 prevented the growth of two human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines that carry spontaneous RET/PTC1 rearrangements and blocked anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in nude mice of NIH3T3 fibroblasts expressing the RET/PTC3 oncogene. These findings suggest targeting RET oncogenes with PP1 or related compounds as a novel treatment strategy for RET-associated neoplasms.
Selective Elimination of Alkyldibenzothiophenes from Gas Oil by Formation of Insoluble Charge-Transfer Complexes (1999)

To protect urban areas, new environmental regulations have been adopted to limit the sulfur level in diesel fuel. It is well established that among all sulfur-containing compounds present in gas oil, alkyldibenzothiophenes are the most refractory to the achievement of deep classical hydrodesulfurization. Considering the electron-rich structure of alkylDBTs, we have studied their ability to form charge-transfer complexes (CTC) with π-acceptors in order to develop a new highly selective method for their specific removal from gas oil. In this article, we describe the selective formation of insoluble CTC between dibenzothiophene derivatives and tetranitrofluorenone in synthetic solutions which model the gas oil matrix. By the same procedure the global sulfur level was lowered in gas oils. Furthermore, we have shown that our method is specific for dibenzothiophenes with regard to benzothiophenes. The complexation activity and selectivity have been correlated to the frontier molecular orbital energies and their shapes.
Logical animation (1990)

When a formal specification of requirements is presented as a logical theory, symbolic animation of the theory can assist with validation. An animator displays a logical model of the formal specification. The authors show how minimal models can be derived from a tableau proof system. Examples illustrate the use of animation with a simple database and its use for validating specifications in the Modal Action Logic of the UK Alvey Forest Project. >
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Heart Failure (2006)

Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that oxidative stress is enhanced in heart failure. The production of oxygen radicals is increased in the failing heart, whereas antioxidant enzyme activities are preserved as normal. Mitochondrial electron transport is an enzymatic source of oxygen radical generation and also a target of oxidant-induced damage. Chronic increases in oxygen radical production in the mitochondria can lead to a catastrophic cycle of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage as well as functional decline, further oxygen radical generation, and cellular injury. Reactive oxygen species induce myocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis by activating matrix metalloproteinases. These cellular events play an important role in the development and progression of maladaptive cardiac remodeling and failure. Therefore, mitochondrial oxidative stress and mtDNA damage are good therapeutic targets. Overexpression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) could ameliorate the decline in mtDNA copy number and preserve it at a normal level in failing hearts. Consistent with alterations in mtDNA, the decrease in oxidative capacities was also prevented. Therefore, the activation of TFAM expression could ameliorate the pathophysiologic processes seen in myocardial failure. Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress and mtDNA damage could be novel and potentially very effective treatment strategies for heart failure.
Suppression of immune responses to sheep erythrocytes by the lymphokine soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) in vivo. (1986)

Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) is a protein produced by activated suppressor T lymphocytes which inhibits division by tumor cells and plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in vitro. Although this lymphokine has been fairly well characterized in vitro, little is known about its effects in vivo. Purified murine SIRS, 10(3) to 10(4) U injected i.p., suppressed murine PFC responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in vivo. Suppression occurred when SIRS was injected into mice 5 days before assay, and also occurred when SIRS activated with 10(-6) M H2O2 was injected 24 hr before assay. These kinetics are similar to those observed in tissue culture, where suppression of PFC responses requires the addition of SIRS 4 to 5 days before assay unless SIRS is activated to SIRSox by H2O2. Levamisole, an inhibitor of SIRS-mediated suppression in vitro, also blocked suppression by SIRS in vivo. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to footpad injection of SRBC was also inhibited by SIRS. Suppression of PFC responses by recombinant immune interferon (IFN-gamma), which activates lymphocytes to produce SIRS in vitro, was blocked by injection of levamisole or monoclonal anti-SIRS antibodies. These results show that SIRS suppresses immune responses in vivo, and suggest that suppression of PFC responses by IFN-gamma may be largely mediated by SIRS. These findings indicate that SIRS could contribute to the development of suppressed immunity in vivo.
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms with Kikuchi Approximations (2005)

The question of finding feasible ways for estimating probability distributions is one of the main challenges for Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs). To estimate the distribution of the selected solutions, EDAs use factorizations constructed according to graphical models. The class of factorizations that can be obtained from these probability models is highly constrained. Expanding the class of factorizations that could be employed for probability approximation is a necessary step for the conception of more robust EDAs. In this paper we introduce a method for learning a more general class of probability factorizations. The method combines a reformulation of a probability approximation procedure known in statistical physics as the Kikuchi approximation of energy, with a novel approach for finding graph decompositions. We present the Markov Network Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (MN-EDA), an EDA that uses Kikuchi approximations to estimate the distribution, and Gibbs Sampling (GS) to generate new points. A systematic empirical evaluation of MN-EDA is done in comparison with different Bayesian network based EDAs. From our experiments we conclude that the algorithm can outperform other EDAs that use traditional methods of probability approximation in the optimization of functions with strong interactions among their variables.
Supported Ionic Liquids. New Recyclable Materials for the <scp>L</scp>‐Proline‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction (2006)

Abstract New materials for L ‐proline recycling have been developed. These materials have been applied to the L ‐proline‐catalyzed aldol reaction between acetone and several aldehydes. The L ‐proline has been supported on the surface of modified silica gels with a monolayer of covalently attached ionic liquid with or without additional adsorbed ionic liquid. Good yields and ee values, comparable with those obtained under homogeneous conditions, have been obtained especially with imidazolinium‐modified and 4‐methylpyridinium‐modified silica gels. Moreover, these materials have been easily recovered by simple filtration and studies about their reuse have been carried out. These studies showed that these materials can be used at least up to seven times. Finally, in the case of imidazolinium‐modified silica gel, investigations showed that this support can be regenerated giving again a recyclable material with high isolated yields and reproducible ee values up to 13 cycles.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–A mRNA Expression in Fetal, Normal Adult, and Atherosclerotic Human Aortas (1996)

PDGF-A mRNA and protein do not correlate with proliferation among these three groups. The significance of high levels of PDGF-A mRNA in the "quiescent" aortic media is unknown but it clearly does not promote cell replication.
SOLIDLIQUID SEPARATION OF FLUSHED SWINE MANURE WITH PAM: EFFECT OF WASTEWATER STRENGTH (2002)

Organic polymers are useful to increase separation of suspended solids and reduced carbon compounds fromliquid swine manure. Along with the solids, there is a capture of the nutrients associated with small particles typical of thesewastes. The combined effect increases the amount of materials available for valueadded products, reduces the size of processunits necessary to treat the liquid, and provides needed alternatives to land application. In this work, we evaluated the effectof solids strength typical of flushing systems on optimum polymer dose requirement and chemical use efficiency. Seven flushsamples of varied strength were obtained two weeks apart during a threemonth period in a feedertofinish operation (22.7to 100 kg weight) in Bladen County, North Carolina. Treatments consisted of eight rates (0 to 140 mg L1) of polyacrylamide(PAM) followed by screening. Manure samples were characterized for solids, nutrients, and oxygendemanding compoundsamenable for separation. Their concentration varied greatly: 0.4% to 2.5% total solids (TS), 0.1% to 1.6% total suspendedsolids (TSS), 5.9 to 31.3 g L1 chemical oxygen demand (COD), 0.7 to 10.6 g L1 biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 749to 2442 mg total Kjeldahl (TKN) L1, and 96 to 585 mg total phosphorus (TP) L1. About 87% of P and 45% of N were organicforms, and 80% of TSS were volatile (VSS).<br><br>Separation by screening alone was not effective; efficiencies were <20% TSS and VSS, <10% COD and BOD5, and <15%N and P. Mixing with PAM before screening substantially increased separation; efficiencies using 140 mg L1 rate were 95%TSS and VSS, 69% COD, 59% BOD5, and 67% carbonaceous BOD5. Inorganic P and N were not reduced by treatment.However, PAM significantly enhanced removal of both organic P and N (92% and 85%, respectively). For every 100 g of TSSremoved, there was a 1.32g reduction of COD, 3.32g reduction of organic P, and 7.26g reduction of organic N. The N:Pnutrient ratio was improved from 4.79 to 12.11, resulting in a more balanced effluent for crops. It was more economical totreat flushed manure with the higher strength. Changes in optimum PAM rate were small (70 to 110 mg L1) and, consequently,polymer usage rate based on solids produced decreased significantly (from 5.34 to 0.75 g PAM/100 g dry solids separated)with increased wastewater strength. Therefore, reduction of total water volume to clean the houses can result in significantsavings (about 700%) in total polymer cost. Chemical cost to capture 95% of the suspended solids was estimated to be $1.37to $1.27 per finished pig for liquid waste containing 2% to 2.5% TS, respectively. Our results indicate that PAM technologycan be enhanced for better liquid manure handling systems and associated management of nutrients.
Valeronitrile Hydrolysis in Supercritical Water (2009)

Nitriles act as important intermediates for the chemical industry and are accessible on a large scale through hydrocyanation or ammonoxidation. Nitrile hydrolysis yields amides and acids used in various applications. The conventional nitrile hydrolysis process relies on stoichiometric amounts of mineral acid or base which inherently deliver great amounts of waste brine. Improving this process towards green chemistry would require reaction conditions which can provide technically significant results without the use of catalysts. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of valeronitrile in pure supercritical water was investigated. The experiments were performed in a continuous high pressure laboratory-scale apparatus at a temperature between 400 and 500 degrees C, 30 MPa pressure and maximal residence time of 100 s. Nitrile conversion and valeric acid selectivity greater than 90% were achieved.
Trafficking of GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptors, Loss of Inhibition, and a Mechanism for Pharmacoresistance in Status Epilepticus (2005)

During status epilepticus (SE), GABAergic mechanisms fail and seizures become self-sustaining and pharmacoresistant. During lithiumpilocarpine-induced SE, our studies of postsynaptic GABA(A) receptors in dentate gyrus granule cells show a reduction in the amplitude of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs). Anatomical studies show a reduction in the colocalization of the beta2/beta3 and gamma2 subunits of GABA(A) receptors with the presynaptic marker synaptophysin and an increase in the proportion of those subunits in the interior of dentate granule cells and other hippocampal neurons with SE. Unlike synaptic mIPSCs, the amplitude of extrasynaptic GABA(A) tonic currents is augmented during SE. Mathematical modeling suggests that the change of mIPSCs with SE reflects a decrease in the number of functional postsynaptic GABA(A) receptors. It also suggests that increases in extracellular [GABA] during SE can account for the tonic current changes and can affect postsynaptic receptor kinetics with a loss of paired-pulse inhibition. GABA exposure mimics the effects of SE on mIPSC and tonic GABA(A) current amplitudes in granule cells, consistent with the model predictions. These results provide a potential mechanism for the inhibitory loss that characterizes initiation of SE and for the pharmacoresistance to benzodiazepines, as a reduction of available functional GABA(A) postsynaptic receptors. Novel therapies for SE might be directed toward prevention or reversal of these losses.
Evidence for Positive Epistasis in HIV-1 (2004)

Reproductive strategies such as sexual reproduction and recombination that involve the shuffling of parental genomes for the production of offspring are ubiquitous in nature. However, their evolutionary benefit remains unclear. Many theories have identified potential benefits, but progress is hampered by the scarcity of relevant data. One class of theories is based on the assumption that mutations affecting fitness exhibit negative epistasis. Retroviruses recombine frequently and thus provide a unique opportunity to test these theories. Using amino acid sequence data and fitness values from 9466 human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) isolates, we find in contrast to these theories strong statistical evidence for a predominance of positive epistasis in HIV-1.
Sodium borohydride: A versatile reagent in the reductive <i>N</i>-monoalkylation of α-amino acids and α-amino methyl esters (2002)

α-Amino acids and α-amino methyl esters are easily converted to their N-monoalkyl derivatives by a reductive condensation reaction using several carbonyl compounds in the presence of sodium borohydride. This reducing agent has shown a wide versatility with minor but essential procedural variations. The reaction allows the α-monodeuterium labeling of the new N-substituent by use of sodium borodeuteride.Key words: α-amino acid, α-amino methyl esters, sodium borohydride, reductive N-monoalkylation, carbonyl compounds.