gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intra- and Intergeneric Similarities between the Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Cistrons of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium Species and Some Related Bacteria (1986)

14C-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rRNAs) were prepared from Bradyrhizobium japonicum NZP 5549T(T = type strain) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris DSM 130, and [3H]rRNAs were prepared from Rhizobium meliloti NZP 4009 and Rhizobium loti NZP 2037. Labeled rRNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens ICPB TT111 (a member of Agrobacterium cluster 2) was also used. These rRNAs were hybridized under optimal conditions with filter-fixed deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) from 24 strains of rhizobia representing nine previously identified DNA-DNA homology groups and with DNAs from various other organisms. Each hybrid was described by the following two parameters: the temperature at which 50% of the hybrid was denatured (Tm(e) ) and percentage of rRNA binding. From rRNA similarity maps and a Tm(e) dendrogram the following conclusions were drawn. (i) There are at least three genetically distinct groups in the present genus Rhizobium. Group I includes Rhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium fredii, and Rhizobium leguminosarum. Group II is represented by Rhizobium loti, and group III includes rhizobia isolated from Galega officinalis and Galega orientalis (goatsrue.). (ii) The rRNA cistrons of group I strains resemble those of Agrobacterium cluster 2 strains. (iii) The rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium fredii resemble those of Rhizobium meliloti more closely than the rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium leguminosarum or Agrobacterium cluster 2 do. (iv) The rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium loti resemble the rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium meliloti less than the rRNA cistrons of strains belonging to either Agrobacterium cluster 1 or Agrobacterium cluster 2. (v) The rRNA cistrons of Galega rhizobia resemble the rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium meliloti about as much as the rRNA cistrons of Agrobacterium cluster 1 and resemble the rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium loti less. (vi) The rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium resemble one another much less than do the rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium and other genera presently included in the family Rhizobiaceae (Agrobacterium and Phyllobacterium). (vii) Bradyrhizobium strains belonging to four DNA-DNA homology groups all contain rRNA cistrons which closely resembled the rRNA cistrons of Bradyrhizobium japonicum NZP 5549T. (viii) B. japonicum contains rRNA cistrons which have diverged from the rRNA cistrons of Rhodopseudomonas palustris to about the same extent as the rRNA cistrons of Rhizobium group I and Agrobacterium; on this basis we suggest that the photosynthetic ancestor of Bradyrhizobium may have been a rhodopseudomonad and that a phylogenetic classification should group these genera together. (ix) Stemnodulating strain ORS 571, from Sesbania rostrata belongs to the Rhodopseudomonas palustris rRNA branch; it is quite distinct from B. japonicum and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Two representative strains which nodulate roots belong in the group containing the fast-growing rhizobia.
Effect of repeated apotransferrin administrations on serum iron parameters in patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2006)

Summary Myeloablative conditioning prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation causes a rapid increase in transferrin saturation and potentially toxic non‐transferrin‐bound iron (NTBI) in plasma. We have studied the ability of repeatedly administered apotransferrin to maintain this iron in a transferrin‐bound form. Twenty adult patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation were enrolled to receive apotransferrin with one of three dosage regimens. Ten consecutive patients with the same preconditioning were studied as controls. At the highest dose level, full transferrin saturation and appearance of NTBI were prevented in five of the eight patients. Serum iron increased significantly more in the patients receiving apotransferrin than in the controls and remained elevated until erythropoietic recovery. From the increment of iron saturation and the amount of endogenous and administered apotransferrin, an average 180 μ mol of iron per day was bound to transferrin during the first 4 d after the start of the conditioning therapy. Thereafter, iron accumulation levelled off in most patients. The results suggested that about half of the amount of iron normally transported to erythropoiesis was initially released to plasma after induction of the erythroid arrest. Complete iron binding with apotransferrin would apparently require very high apotransferrin doses.
Lidocaine Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid after Epidural Administration (2009)

Lidocaine concentration in CSF was similar with or without preceding meningeal puncture beneath the epidural administration site.
Phase coherent link from optical to microwave frequencies via a 1 GHz octave-spanning Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator (2003)

An optical clockwork is created with a compact octave-spanning 1 GHz repetition rate laser, avoiding use of a microstructure fiber. The short-term microwave output of the optical clock is as stable as a hydrogen maser.
Effect of growth conditions on expression and antigenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A cell envelope proteins (1993)

Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A (ATCC 35984) was grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB), iron-depleted TSB (TSB-Fe), iron-reconstituted TSB-Fe (TSB+Fe), a chemically defined medium, and fetal calf serum (FCS) and on silastic disks in chambers that were sutured to the pig peritoneal wall. Bacterial cell wall proteins were extracted by digestion with recombinant lysostaphin, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and detected by silver staining. Cell wall proteins from TSB-, chemically defined medium-, or FCS-grown cells had a complex profile of greater than 25 protein bands spanning the full molecular mass range. By contrast, a digest obtained from in vivo-grown cells had only five major proteins of 40 kDa or greater. Proteins of 130 and 106 kDa were present in the cell envelopes of TSB-Fe- and in vivo-grown cells but not in those grown in TSB or TSB+Fe. A 43-kDa protein expressed by in vitro-grown cells and 52- and 96-kDa proteins expressed by in vivo-grown cells reacted with antisera from pigs with the chamber implants and from catheterized, paracatheter-inoculated pigs but not with hyperimmune sera from pigs immunized with TSB-grown cells. The data indicate that S. epidermidis, growing under in vivo conditions, expresses antigens distinct from those that are grown in vitro.
A contextual blind separation of delayed and convolved sources (2002)

We present a new method to tackle the problem of separating mixtures of real sources which have been convolved and time-delayed under real world conditions. To this end, we learn two sets of parameters to unmix the mixtures and to estimate the true density function. The solutions are discussed for feedback and feedforward architectures. Since the quality of separation depends on the modeling of the underlying density we propose different methods to closer approximate the density function using some contest. The proposed density estimation achieves separation of a wider class of sources. Furthermore, we employ the FIR polynomial matrix techniques in the frequency domain to invert a true-phase mixing system. The significance of the new method is demonstrated with the successful separation of two speakers and separation of music and speech recorded with two microphones in a reverberating room.
Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Containing 2,6-Diaminopurine (1994)

Abstract The preparation of a new protected derivative of 2,6-diaminopurine 2′-deoxyriboside carrying two phenoxyacetyl groups is described. The new derivative is useful to prepare oligonucleotides containing 2,6-diaminopurine and it is deprotected at the same time as the standard protecting groups of the natural bases.
Estimating Clozapine's Cost to the Nation (1990)

Clozapine, an effective but expensive drug treatment for patients with severe, chronic schizophrenia who are unresponsive to conventional antipsychotics, is associated with a high risk of agranulocytosis, which is sometimes fatal. Weekly blood tests to detect evidence of this side effect are required. To estimate the number of potential candidates for this treatment and the national cost of administering the drug to this population, the authors used data from three recent patient surveys conducted in New York State. Depending on the criteria used to exclude unsuitable candidates, between 133,000 and 189,000 individuals will be eligible for treatment with clozapine nationally at a cost of $1.2 to $1.7 billion annually.
SOFL: a formal engineering methodology for industrial applications (1998)

Formal methods have yet to achieve wide industrial acceptance for several reasons. They are not well integrated into established industrial software processes, their application requires significant abstraction and mathematical skills, and existing tools do not satisfactorily support the entire formal software development process. We have proposed a language called SOFL (Structured-Object-based-formal Language) and a SOFL methodology for system development that attempts to address these problems using an integration of formal methods, structured methods and object oriented methodology. Construction of a system uses structured methods in requirements analysis and specifications, and an object based methodology during design and implementation stages, with formal methods applied throughout the development in a manner that best suits their capabilities. The paper describes the SOFL methodology, which introduces some substantial changes from current formal methods practice. A comprehensive, practical case study of an actual industrial Residential Suites Management System illustrates how SOFL is used.
Trimesoyltris(3,5-dibromosalicylate): specificity of reactions of a trifunctional acylating agent with hemoglobin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrimesoyltris(3,5-dibromosalicylate): specificity of reactions of a trifunctional acylating agent with hemoglobinRonald Kluger, Yonghong Song, Jolanta Wodzinska, Charlotte Head, Thomas S. Fujita, and Richard T. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 24, 9275–9279Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00050a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00050a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CXCR4 Is a Novel Target of Cancer Chemopreventative Isothiocyanates in Prostate Cancer Cells (2015)

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from cruciferous vegetables, including phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN), exhibit in vivo activity against prostate cancer in a xenograft and transgenic mouse model, and thus are appealing for chemoprevention of this disease. Watercress constituent PEITC and SFN-rich broccoli sprout extract are under clinical investigations but the molecular mechanisms underlying their cancer chemopreventive effects are not fully understood. The present study demonstrates that chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a novel target of ITCs in prostate cancer cells. Exposure of prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, 22Rv1, C4-2, and PC-3) to pharmacologically applicable concentrations of PEITC, benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), and SFN (2.5 and 5 μmol/L) resulted in downregulation of CXCR4 expression. None of the ITCs affected secretion of CXCR4 ligand (stromal-derived factor-1). In vivo inhibition of PC-3 xenograft growth upon PEITC treatment was associated with a significant decrease in CXCR4 protein level. A similar trend was discernible in the tumors from SFN-treated TRAMP mice compared with those of control mice, but the difference was not significant. Stable overexpression of CXCR4 in PC-3 cells conferred significant protection against wound healing, cell migration, and cell viability inhibition by ITCs. Inhibition of cell migration resulting from PEITC and BITC exposure was significantly augmented by RNAi of CXCR4. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that cancer chemopreventive ITCs suppress CXCR4 expression in prostate cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo. These results suggest that CXCR4 downregulation may be an important pharmacodynamic biomarker of cancer chemopreventative ITCs in prostate adenocarcinoma.
Shape-memory capability of binary multiblock copolymer blends with hard and switching domains provided by different components (2008)

The structural concept of shape-memory polymers (SMP) is based on two key components: covalent or physical crosslinks (hard domains) determining the permanent shape and switching domains fixing the temporary shape as well as determining the switching temperature Tsw. In conventional thermoplastic SMP hard and switching domains determining segments are combined in one macromolecule. In this paper we report on binary polymer blends from two different multiblock copolymers, whereby the first one provides the segments forming hard domains and the second one the segments forming the switching domains. A poly(alkylene adipate) mediator segment is incorporated in both multiblock copolymers to promote their miscibility as the hard segment poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and the switching segment poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are non-miscible. All polymer blends investigated showed excellent shape-memory properties. The melting point associated to the PCL switching domains Tm,PCL is almost independent of the weight ratio of the two blend components. At the same time the mechanical properties can be varied systematically. In this way complex synthesis of new materials can be avoided. Its biodegradability, the variability of mechanical properties and a Tsw around body temperature are making this binary blend system an economically efficient, suitable candidate for diverse biomedical applications.
The relationship between one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional separation processes (1977)

Abstract One‐dimensional, time dependent separations are analogous to two‐dimensional, steady state separations, and the equations for the former can be transformed to the latter by the transform t → θ/ w . This analogy is used to develop and provide the solutions for the two‐dimensional analogues of several variations of chromatography, parametric pumping, and pressure swing adsorption.
Replication and Coating of Silica Templates by Hydrothermal Carbonization (2007)

Abstract Hierarchical carbon materials with functional groups residing at the surface are prepared for the first time by using nanostructured silica materials as templates in combination with hydrothermal carbonization at mild temperatures (180 °C). Different carbon morphologies (e.g., macroporous casts, hollow spheres, carbon nanoparticles, and mesoporous microspheres) can be obtained by simply altering the polarity of the silica surface. The surface functionality and hydrophilicity of the resulting materials are assessed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron analysis, and water porosimetry. Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction measurements show that the materials are of the carbon‐black type, similar to charcoal.
Cover story (2000)

Helping people disguise scars and skin conditions can boost their self-confidence. Judith Huntley told Mary Hampshire about the techniques used in skin camouflage
Quality image metrics for synthetic images based on perceptual color differences (2002)

Due to the improvement of image rendering processes, and the increasing importance of quantitative comparisons among synthetic color images, it is essential to define perceptually based metrics which enable to objectively assess the visual quality of digital simulations. In response to this need, this paper proposes a new methodology for the determination of an objective image quality metric, and gives an answer to this problem through three metrics. This methodology is based on the LLAB color space for perception of color in complex images, a modification of the CIELab1976 color space. The first metric proposed is a pixel by pixel metric which introduces a local distance map between two images. The second metric associates, to a pair of images, a global value. Finally, the third metric uses a recursive subdivision of the images to obtain an adaptative distance map, rougher but less expensive to compute than the first method.
High-precision range finder for slowly moving target with rough surface (2002)

Simultaneous measurement of the range and velocity of a slowly moving target with a rough surface is demonstrated using a range finder with a self-mixing laser diode (LD). The accuracy of range and velocity measured simultaneously using the prototype range finder is a few percent and ten percent, respectively. The offset velocity measured for a resting target is 0.13 mm/s. The resolution of range measured for a resting target by the use of a revised range finder is improved to +or-0.13% in a dynamic range of 0.2 m to 1 m. The improvement is achieved by introducing the reshaping of the FM modulation current of the LD. The range finder is suitable for detecting moving parts on a belt conveyor or obstacles placed in front of a mobile robot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current management concepts for the patient with lymphedema (1989)

The patient who is hospitalized for medical management of lymphedema presents complex issues for the nurse. Developing a care plan that will direct nursing interventions during the acute phase demands an understanding of the chronicity of the problem. The patient will require considerable teaching and support before discharge. This article provides the reader with concepts applicable to this debilitating condition.
Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins Caused by Point Mutations in TEM-Type Penicillinase Genes (1988)

Infections due to strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii resistant to third-generation cephalosporins have been observed recently in France and the Federal Republic of Germany. This resistance phenotype is due to the production of new plasmid-mediated, broad-substrate-range beta-lactamases designated TEM-3 to TEM-7. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis with a probe specific for TEM-1 indicated that the corresponding genes blaT-3 to blaT-7 were variants of the structural genes for TEM-type beta-lactamases. In the present studies, a 2.5-kilobase BamHI plasmid DNA fragment encoding TEM-3 was cloned in E. coli, and the entire nucleotide sequence of blaT-3 was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of TEM-3 differed in two positions from that of the TEM-2 enzyme: lysine (TEM-3) was substituted for glutamic acid (TEM-2) at residue 104 and serine (TEM-3) for glycine (TEM-2) at residue 238 in the numbering system of Ambler. Spontaneous mutants of TEM penicillinases with increased activity against third-generation cephalosporins were obtained in vitro by selection on cefotaxime or ceftazidime. It therefore appears that mutations in TEM-type beta-lactamases contribute to resistance to new-generation cephalosporins.
Multiobjective optimization and multiple constraint handling with evolutionary algorithms. I. A unified formulation (1998)

In optimization, multiple objectives and constraints cannot be handled independently of the underlying optimizer. Requirements such as continuity and differentiability of the cost surface add yet another conflicting element to the decision process. While "better" solutions should be rated higher than "worse" ones, the resulting cost landscape must also comply with such requirements. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs), which have found application in many areas not amenable to optimization by other methods, possess many characteristics desirable in a multiobjective optimizer, most notably the concerted handling of multiple candidate solutions. However, EAs are essentially unconstrained search techniques which require the assignment of a scalar measure of quality, or fitness, to such candidate solutions. After reviewing current revolutionary approaches to multiobjective and constrained optimization, the paper proposes that fitness assignment be interpreted as, or at least related to, a multicriterion decision process. A suitable decision making framework based on goals and priorities is subsequently formulated in terms of a relational operator, characterized, and shown to encompass a number of simpler decision strategies. Finally, the ranking of an arbitrary number of candidates is considered. The effect of preference changes on the cost surface seen by an EA is illustrated graphically for a simple problem. The paper concludes with the formulation of a multiobjective genetic algorithm based on the proposed decision strategy. Niche formation techniques are used to promote diversity among preferable candidates, and progressive articulation of preferences is shown to be possible as long as the genetic algorithm can recover from abrupt changes in the cost landscape.
Acoustic echo cancellation in subbands (1990)

Acoustic echo cancellation for teleconferencing or hands-free telephony constitutes a challenging task for today's digital signal processing techniques. Compared to the well-established line echo cancellation in telephone networks, the problem takes on a considerably larger size: The impulse response of the echo path to be compensated is longer and may vary more rapidly in time. Moreover, larger bandwidths are often desirable. Therefore, acoustic echo cancellation requires algorithms that adapt far more coeffecients and converge faster than those commonly used in line echo cancelers. On the other hand, direct implementation of sufficiently advanced adaptive filtering algorithms is usually prohibited because of their computational complexity and inherent numerical difficulties. As a way out, the subband approach realizes a “divide and conquer” strategy and promises a reduction of computational complexity and favorable circumstances for fast convergence at the cost of some extra delay. After comparing several possible subband structures, the frequency subband structure is discussed in some detail. For adaptation using LMS-type algorithms, reasons for the improved convergence behavior compared to a fullband implementation are explained. Design examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.