gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
mRNA sequences influencing translation and the selection of AUG initiator codons in the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

The secondary structure and sequences influencing the expression and selection of the AUG initiator codon in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated with two fused genes, which were composed of either the CYC7 or CYC1 leader regions, respectively, linked to the lacZ coding region. In addition, the strains contained the upf1-delta disruption, which stabilized mRNAs that had premature termination codons, resulting in wild-type levels. The following major conclusions were reached by measuring beta-galactosidase activities in yeast strains having integrated single copies of the fused genes with various alterations in the 89 and 38 nucleotide-long untranslated CYC7 and CYC1 leader regions, respectively. The leader region adjacent to the AUG initiator codon was dispensable, but the nucleotide preceding the AUG initiator at position -3 modified the efficiency of translation by less than twofold, exhibiting an order of preference A > G > C > U. Upstream out-of-frame AUG triplets diminished initiation at the normal site, from essentially complete inhibition to approximately 50% inhibition, depending on the position of the upstream AUG triplet and on the context (-3 position nucleotides) of the two AUG triplets. In this regard, complete inhibition occurred when the upstream and downstream AUG triplets were closer together, and when the upstream and downstream AUG triplets had, respectively, optimal and suboptimal contexts. Thus, leaky scanning occurs in yeast, similar to its occurrence in higher eukaryotes. In contrast, termination codons between two AUG triplets causes reinitiation at the downstream AUG in higher eukaryotes, but not generally in yeast. Our results and the results of others with GCN4 mRNA and its derivatives indicate that reinitiation is not a general phenomenon in yeast, and that special sequences are required.
Location on heparin of the oligosaccharide section essential for anticoagulant activity. (1984)

Studies were conducted to define the location of the unique oligosaccharide sequence in heparin that is required for its anticoagulant activity. A heparin fraction with an average molecular weight of 20,000 was linked at its reducing terminus to a Sepharose derivative via an azo bridge. The matrix-linked heparin was subjected to limited degradation with nitrous acid and, after the cleaved segments were removed, the section contiguous with the original reducing terminus was released from the gel by treatment with sodium dithionite. The results of analyses of the products after separation into different molecular weight pools demonstrate that the groups responsible for accelerating the neutralization of thrombin and Factor Xa by antithrombin are located at or near the nonreducing terminus of the heparin chain.
Meditaciones sobre la Multiculturalidad en el Medio Sanitario Asistencial. (2012)

Hace unos anos fui invitado a un curso de “burn out” dirigido a profesionales sanitarios de Atencion Primaria en Tenerife y resulto ser muy esclarecedor. Basicamente, las conclusiones fueron que el personal sanitario tiene una alta tasa de patologia mental asociada al desgaste ingente del medio laboral y que, “el sindrome del quemado” de nuevo cuno, asomaba, en muchos de los asistentes, primeros indicios. La ponente se sorprendio negativamente por este hecho, ya que nuestra experiencia laboral en el medio asistencial era, cuando menos, rala. Pero fue esa extraneza la que, valga la redundancia, me sorprendio personalmente. ?Como puede “quemar” el trabajo sanitario asistencial, basado en una relacion directa con el paciente a fin de procurar tan loables meritos como la curacion o los cuidados?
Mobility‐Trees for Indoor Scenes Manipulation (2013)

Abstract In this work, we introduce the ‘mobility‐tree’ construct for high‐level functional representation of complex 3D indoor scenes. In recent years, digital indoor scenes are becoming increasingly popular, consisting of detailed geometry and complex functionalities. These scenes often consist of objects that reoccur in various poses and interrelate with each other. In this work we analyse the reoccurrence of objects in the scene and automatically detect their functional mobilities. ‘Mobility’ analysis denotes the motion capabilities (i.e. degree of freedom) of an object and its subpart which typically relates to their indoor functionalities. We compute an object's mobility by analysing its spatial arrangement, repetitions and relations with other objects and store it in a ‘mobility‐tree’. Repetitive motions in the scenes are grouped in ‘mobility‐groups’, for which we develop a set of sophisticated controllers facilitating semantical high‐level editing operations. We show applications of our mobility analysis to interactive scene manipulation and reorganization, and present results for a variety of indoor scenes.
Androgen excess fetal programming of female reproduction: a developmental aetiology for polycystic ovary syndrome? (2005)

The aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unknown. This familial syndrome is prevalent among reproductive-aged women and its inheritance indicates a dominant regulatory gene with incomplete penetrance. However, promising candidate genes have proven unreliable as markers for the PCOS phenotype. This lack of genetic linkage may represent both extreme heterogeneity of PCOS and difficulty in establishing a universally accepted PCOS diagnosis. Nevertheless, hyperandrogenism is one of the most consistently expressed PCOS traits. Animal models that mimic fetal androgen excess may thus provide unique insight into the origins of the PCOS syndrome. Many female mammals exposed to androgen excess in utero or during early post-natal life typically show masculinized and defeminized behaviour, ovulatory dysfunction and virilized genitalia, although behavioural and ovulatory dysfunction can coexist without virilized genitalia based upon the timing of androgen excess. One animal model shows particular relevance to PCOS: the prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkey. Females exposed to androgen excess early in gestation exhibit hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhoea and enlarged, polyfollicular ovaries, in addition to LH hypersecretion, impaired embryo development, insulin resistance accompanying abdominal obesity, impaired insulin response to glucose and hyperlipidaemia. Female monkeys exposed to androgen excess late in gestation mimic these programmed changes, except for LH and insulin secretion defects. In utero androgen excess may thus variably perturb multiple organ system programming and thereby provide a single, fetal origin for a heterogeneous adult syndrome.
Crystal Structure of New Compounds, Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>X (X=Cl, NO<sub>3</sub>) (1991)

Crystal structure analyses of new compounds, Cu 6 O 8 Cu 2 X (X=Cl, NO 3 ), have been carried out using the X-ray powder pattern fitting method (Rietveld method) together with thermal analyses. Although these compounds have a face-centered cubic structure analogous to that of Cu 6 O 8 InCl previously reported with a space group of Fm3̄m, the Cu 2 (24e site) ions have a quite different configuration from that of the corresponding In ion. From the results of the above-mentioned analyses together with chemical analyses, the compositions of these samples were obtained as Cu 5.7 O 8 Cu 1.9 Cl 0.69 (NO 3 ) 0.31 and Cu 5.7 O 8 Cu 1.9 NO 3 , respectively. The unit cell parameters are a =9.376(1) Å for the former and 9.481(1) Å for the latter. These compounds decompose to CuO at 400°C and 350°C, respectively.
IL-4 and CD40 ligation affect differently the differentiation, maturation, and function of human CD34+ cell-derived CD1a+CD14− and CD1a−CD14+ dendritic cell precursors in vitro (1998)

We examined the effect of interleukin (IL)-4 or CD40 ligation on the differentiation and maturation of CD1a+CD14- and CD1a-CD14+ dendritic cell (DC) precursors. Cord blood CD34+ cells were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), to which stem cell factor and Flt-3 ligand were added for 5 days. Phenotypic analysis of DC precursors on culture day 7 showed that CD1a+CD14- cells expressed higher CD11c and CD80 levels and lower CD116/GM-CSFR and CCR-5 levels than their CD1a-CD14+ counterparts. Culturing CD1a+CD14- precursors with GM-CSF and TNF-alpha resulted in DC with heterogeneous CD1a, HLA;SMDR (DR), CD11b, and CD83 expression, 10% of which acquired CD14. IL-4 and CD40 ligation affected their differentiation in contrasting ways: IL-4 induced CD1ahiCD14-DRloCD11b+CD83-S100+ DC with reduced MLR-stimulating capacity, whereas CD40 ligation led to CD1alo/-CD14-CD40-DRhiCD11b-CD83+S100+/- DC with stronger MLR-stimulating capacity. Also, both IL-4 and CD40 ligation promoted ReIB expression and nuclear translocation. When CD1a-CD14+ precursors were maintained in only the presence of GM-CSF and TNF-alpha, this led to mixed populations of adherent macrophages and nonadherent CD1a-CD14+ monocytes, and of CD1a+CD14- and CD1a+CD14+ DC, which were DRloCD11b+CD83-S100-. IL-4 or CD40 ligation prevented their differentiation into macrophages and resulted in DC with phenotypes close to those issued from CD1a+CD14- precursors, with only a minority staying CD14+ but most being S100-; their MLR-stimulating capacity also increased but remained lower than that of DC differentiated from CD1a+CD14- precursors. Thus, IL-4 or CD40 ligation induced CD1a+CD14- and CD1a-CD14+ DC precursors to differentiate into phenotypically close but functionally different DC populations, suggesting that DC function is primarily determined by their origin. The heterogeneity of DC should then be related to different developmental pathways and to different stages of maturation/activation.
Rapid and inexpensive recovery method of DNA fragments from agarose and polyacrylamide gels by a cotton-wool column tube (1999)

We developed a rapid, convenient, simple, and inexpensive method for isolating pure DNA from agarose and polyacrylamide gels using cotton wool tubes. DNA fragments ranging in size from 193-23,130 bp can be easily recovered within 2 hours by centrifugation through cotton wool from gel slices. The recovery rate of this method is 35% to 50%, when estimated for isolation of lambda DNA-HindIII fragments. We have also recovered 700-bp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products using cotton wool tubes from electrophoresis on both a 0.8% agarose gel and a 6% polyacrylamide gel, in which satisfactory yields of more than 50% were obtained. The DNA thus recovered in this way is biologically active and can be used as a substrate for further experimental procedures without additional purification steps.
INSERVICE TRAINING OF PRE-SCHOOL CONSULTANTS IN FAMILY-ORIENTED INTERVENTIONTRAINING PROCESS AND OUTCOME (1996)

Inservice training of pre-school consultants in family-oriented intervention : Training process and outcome
Distribution of Fumonisins in Maize Ears Infected with Strains of <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i> that Differ in Fumonisin Production (1998)

Strains of Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A) that differ in fu-monisin production in vitro were previously identified in a Kansas field population. One strain that produced high levels of fumonisins and two strains that produced very low levels of fu-monisins were applied to maize kernels at planting at the Rocky Ford Farm near Manhattan, Kansas. The distribution of fumonisins in symptomatic and symptomless kernels from individual harvested ears was determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the distribution of the three applied strains in the kernels was determined by vegetative compatibility group analysis. Both symptomatic and symptomless kernels were extensively colonized with F. moniliforme, but the highest levels of fumonisins were in the symptomatic kernels. All three applied strains were recovered from kernels in 1993, and two of them were recovered from kernels in 1994. However, a high frequency of ear and kernel infection with a strain that produced little fumonisin in vitro did not consistently decrease the level of fumonisins. The frequency of infection with fumonisin low-producing strains may have been too low for competitive exclusion of naturally occurring fumonisin high-producing strains. Also, strains that are low-fumonisin producers under laboratory conditions may be high producers in the field.
Color clustering techniques for color-content-based image retrieval from image databases (1997)

Image retrieval based on color content is an auxiliary function for traditional text-annotated image databases. Most color-based image retrieval systems adopt color histograms as the feature of color content. One of the most important steps in these systems is to reduce histogram dimensions with the least loss in color content. A good clustering technique is vital for this purpose. This paper examines the color conservation property by applying different clustering techniques in perceptually uniform color spaces and different images. For studying color spaces, the perceptual uniform spaces, such as Mathematical Transformation to Munsell system (MTM) and C.I.E. L*a*b*, are investigated. For evaluating clustering techniques, the equalized quantization approach, the hierarchical clustering approach, and the Color-Naming-System (CNS) supervised clustering approach are studied. For analyzing color loss, the error bound, the quantized error in color space conversion, and the average quantized error of 400 color images are explored. An image retrieval application based on color content is shown to demonstrate the difference in applying these clustering techniques. These simulation results suggest that good clustering techniques usually lead to more effective retrieval.
CHILDREN AS OBSERVED IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS (1978)

Actual conditions of traffic accidents involving children under school age are described on the basis of literature. Analysis is made of the causes of these accidents from the viewpoint of children's psychological and behavioral traits such as accident proneness, tunnel visual field, psychological scar, age, sex, and personality. Finally, examination is made on traffic safety education to be given to small children. Language: en
Molecular mechanisms of T cell sensitivity to antigen (2018)

T cells initiate and regulate adaptive immune responses that can clear infections. To do this, they use their T cell receptors (TCRs) to continually scan the surfaces of other cells for cognate peptide antigens presented on major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs). Experimental work has established that as few 1-10 pMHCs are sufficient to activate T cells. This sensitivity is remarkable in light of a number of factors, including the observation that the TCR and pMHC are short molecules relative to highly abundant long surface molecules, such as CD45, that can hinder initial binding, and moreover, the TCR/pMHC interaction is of weak affinity with solution lifetimes of approximately 1 second. Here, we review experimental and mathematical work that has contributed to uncovering molecular mechanisms of T cell sensitivity. We organize the mechanisms by where they act in the pathway to activate T cells, namely mechanisms that (a) promote TCR/pMHC binding, (b) induce rapid TCR signaling, and (c) amplify TCR signaling. We discuss work showing that high sensitivity reduces antigen specificity unless molecular feedbacks are invoked. We conclude by summarizing a number of open questions.
Archeological Survey For The Proposed Brazos Electric Power Cooperative, Inc., Maypearl Natural Gas Electric Generation Facility, Ellis And Hill Counties, Texas (2015)

On August 8 and 12, 2014, an intensive archeological survey was completed in order to evaluate potential archeological impacts associated with the proposed construction of a new natural gas generation facility within a 98.43-acre (39.8-hectare) parcel in Ellis and Hill Counties, Texas. Melissa M. Green (Principal Investigator) and Bill Bond of Cox|McLain Environmental Consulting, Inc. (CMEC) carried out the survey for Brazos Electric Power Cooperative, Inc. (BEPC) and the United States Department of Agriculture, Rural Utilities Service (USDA-RUS) under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. A Texas Antiquities Permit was not required. Ground surface visibility across the majority of the 98.43-acre area of potential effects (APE) was about 45 to 50 percent, although it was closer to 80 percent in the small wooded area on the south edge of the property. The bulk of the parcel consists of a dormant terraced agricultural field; 8.4 acres are on a wooded ridge above the field. A portion of ONCOR’s Venus Switch to Sam Switch 345kV transmission line right-of-way crosses the property at a slightly northeast to southwest orientation. A combination of intensive pedestrian survey with reconnaissance survey was utilized with the 8.4 acres of wooded ridgeline receiving the intensive survey and the remaining 90.03 acres assessed though reconnaissance. This was due to the intensive disturbances from the terraces, which were as high as 50 centimeters and equally as wide at their tops. Two historic-age domestic archeological sites were recorded from surface scatters identified during the survey. Site 41EL266 is a low-density scatter of glass, ceramic, and metal dating to the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. Site 41EL267 consisted of a large scatter of domestic and farm-related materials dating from the early to mid-twentieth century. Neither site is recommended eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Shovel test units were excavated in order to examine the subsurface at the sites and in the field. No further work is recommended within the APE prior to construction. No materials were collected during the investigation; therefore, this project generated no archeological materials to be curated. Notes, photographs, administrative documents, and other project data will be made permanently available to future researchers at Texas Archeological Research Laboratory (TARL) at the University of Texas at Austin. If any unanticipated cultural materials or deposits are found at any stage of clearing, preparation, or construction, the work should cease and Texas Historical Commission (THC) personnel should be notified immediately. The THC concurred with the findings and recommendations of this report on December 8, 2014 (see Appendix A).
On speaker-independent, speaker-dependent, and speaker-adaptive speech recognition (1993)

The DARPA Resource Management task is used as a domain for investigating the performance of speaker-independent, speaker-dependent, and speaker-adaptive speech recognition. The error rate of the speaker-independent recognition system, SPHINX, was reduced substantially by incorporating between-word triphone models additional dynamic features, and sex-dependent, semicontinuous hidden Markov models. The error rate for speaker-independent recognition was 4.3%. On speaker-dependent data, the error rate was further reduced to 2.6-1.4% with 600-2400 training sentences for each speaker. Using speaker-independent models, the authors studied speaker-adaptive recognition. Both codebooks and output distributions were considered for adaptation. It was found that speaker-adaptive systems outperform both speaker-independent and speaker-dependent systems, suggesting that the most effective system is one that begins with speaker-independent training and continues to adapt to users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mapping and cloning of gldA, the structural gene of the Escherichia coli glycerol dehydrogenase (1994)

gldA, the structural gene for the NAD(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase, was mapped at 89.2 min on the Escherichia coli linkage map, cotransducible with, but not adjacent to, the glpFKX operon encoding the proteins for the uptake and phosphorylation of glycerol. gldA was cloned, and its position on the physical map of E. coli was determined. The expression of gldA was induced by hydroxyacetone under stationary-phase growth conditions.
Direct formation and reaction of thienyl-based organocopper reagents (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect formation and reaction of thienyl-based organocopper reagentsReuben D. Rieke, Walter R. Klein, and Tse Chong WuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 9, 2492–2500Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00061a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00061a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views563Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular basis of bortezomib resistance: proteasome subunit β5 (PSMB5) gene mutation and overexpression of PSMB5 protein (2008)

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a novel anticancer drug that has shown promise in the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma. However, its clinical efficacy has been hampered by the emergence of drug-resistance phenomena, the molecular basis of which remains elusive. Toward this end, we here developed high levels (45- to 129-fold) of acquired resistance to bortezomib in human myelomonocytic THP1 cells by exposure to stepwise increasing (2.5-200 nM) concentrations of bortezomib. Study of the molecular mechanism of bortezomib resistance in these cells revealed (1) an Ala49Thr mutation residing in a highly conserved bortezomib-binding pocket in the proteasome beta5-subunit (PSMB5) protein, (2) a dramatic overexpression (up to 60-fold) of PSMB5 protein but not of other proteasome subunits including PSMB6, PSMB7, and PSMA7, (3) high levels of cross-resistance to beta5 subunit-targeted cytotoxic peptides 4A6, MG132, MG262, and ALLN, but not to a broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic drugs, (4) no marked changes in chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity, and (5) restoration of bortezomib sensitivity in bortezomib-resistant cells by siRNA-mediated silencing of PSMB5 gene expression. Collectively, these findings establish a novel mechanism of bortezomib resistance associated with the selective overexpression of a mutant PSMB5 protein.