gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality of Information aware scheduling in task processing networks (2011)

We investigate Quality of Information (QoI) aware scheduling in task processing networks. Specifically, we consider the scenario where a network sequentially receives tasks from an end user, utilizes its resources to process them, and sends back its response. The utility derived by the end user from this response depends on both the accuracy and the freshness of the information. There is often a trade-off between these two attributes and we present a model that quantifies this dependence. Using dynamic programming and optimal stopping theory, we characterize the optimal scheduling policy that maximizes the time average utility delivered by the network. We show that for many scenarios of practical interest, the optimal policy has a simple threshold structure. We also propose a method to approximately compute the threshold in closed-form. This work takes a step towards incorporating application aware objectives in making optimal scheduling decisions.
An all-geodesic algorithm for filament winding of a T-shaped form (1991)

An algorithm that generates all-geodesic paths for the complete surface coverage of a T-shaped form composed of the adjoining of two cylinders of equal radii is presented. This has been recognized as a challenging filament-winding problem as its form is nonaxisymmetric. This algorithm was implemented on the robotic filament-winding system developed at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radiation hardness of SiGe and Ge-based CMOS technologies (2011)

To cope with the devices requirements imposed with the ITRS roadmap, several technique are implemented to boost up the drive current. Two possible approaches are the introduction of SiGe channels and the use of Ge-based devices. This paper reviews the radiation hardness of both CMOS technologies, based on an experimental study of state-of-the-art devices, for potential use in space applications.
Novel Neutron Detector for n-n Scattering Length Measurement (2005)

The neutron-neutron (n-n) scattering length is a fundamental parameter in nuclear physics; however, measurements are plagued with large uncertainties caused by neutron detector cross talk. Many experimentalists also rely upon computer code to calibrate their neutron detectors. Experiments give one of two different numbers but there is still no adequate explanation for this discrepancy. We have developed a new neutron detector expressly for the purpose of improving the n-n scattering length measurement. It offers two important advantages: 1) minimal cross talk and 2) high counting efficiency. We calibrated the detector from 1 MeV to 6 MeV at 1 MeV increments. We have shown that the computer code, MCNP, does not always give the correct detector efficiency, and that reliance upon this code for calibration could be a large factor for error in previous experiments. Preliminary tests show no cross talk between two like detectors and suggest that these detectors in a n-n scattering length measurement.
Fast Thermal Simulation for Runtime Temperature Tracking and Management (2006)

As the power density increases exponentially, the runtime regulation of operating temperature by dynamic thermal management (DTM) becomes necessary. This paper proposes two novel approaches to the thermal analysis at the chip architecture level for efficient DTM. The first method, i.e., thermal moment matching with spectrum analysis, is based on observations that the power consumption of architecture-level modules in microprocessors running typical workloads presents a strong nature of periodicity. Such a feature can be exploited by fast spectrum analysis in the frequency domain for computing steady-state response. The second method, i.e., thermal moment matching based on piecewise constant power inputs, is based on the observation that the average power consumption of architecture-level modules in microprocessors running typical workloads determines the trend of temperature variations. As a result, using piecewise constant average power inputs can further speed up the thermal analysis. To obtain transient temperature changes due to the initial condition and constant/average power inputs, numerically stable moment matching methods with enhanced pole searching are carried out to speed up online temperature tracking with high accuracy and low overhead. The resulting thermal analysis algorithm has a linear time complexity in runtime setting when the average power inputs are applied. Experimental results show that the resulting thermal analysis algorithms lead to 10times-100times speedup over the traditional integration-based transient analysis with small accuracy loss
Dynamic Vertical Mapping with Crowdsourced Smartphone Sensor Data (2018)

In this paper, we present our novel approach for the crowdsourced dynamic vertical mapping of buildings. For achieving this, we use the barometric sensor of smartphones to estimate altitude differences and the moment of the outdoor to indoor transition to extract reference pressure. We have identified the outdoor-indoor transition (OITransition) via the fusion of four different sensors. Our approach has been evaluated extensively over a period of 6 months in different humidity, temperature, and cloud-coverage situations, as well as over different hours of the day, and it is found that it can always predict the correct number of floors, while it can approximate the altitude with an average error of 0.5 m.
HER-2 Testing in Breast Cancer Using Immunohistochemical Analysis and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (2004)

We analyzed concordance between immunohistochemical analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in HER-2 status and studied the effect of dual-color (D-FISH) vs single-color FISH (S-FISH) scoring on the assignment of tumors to amplified or nonamplified categories. The assays were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 2,279 invasive breast carcinomas. Immunohistochemical results were interpreted as negative (0, 1+) or positive (2+, 3+). For FISH analyses, a ratio for HER-2/chromosome 17 of 2.0 or more (D-FISH) or an absolute HER-2 copy number per nucleus of more than 4.0 (S-FISH) were interpreted as positive gene amplification. We found 547 (24.0%) cases positive immunohistochemically, 326 (14.3%) by D-FISH, and 351 (15.4%) by S-FISH. Overall concordance in HER-2 status with immunohistochemical analysis was 87% for D-FISH and 86% for S-FISH. Excellent concordance was found among groups scored immunohistochemically as 0, 1+, and 3+ (with D-FISH, 97%; with S-FISH, 96%). The most discordant category was the group scored 2+ immunohistochemically, in which only a quarter of the 2+ tumors were FISH(+). D-FISH and S-FISH scoring results were discordant in 89 tumors (4%), of which 8 (9%) had 3+ immunohistochemical staining and none showed high-level HER-2 amplification. Among all FISH(+) tumors, 10% were negative by immunohistochemical analysis, and notably almost half (47%) showed borderline to low HER-2 amplification (D-FISH score, 2.0-3.9); the clinical significance of these findings warrants further investigation.
Differentially methylated alleles in a distinct region of the human interleukin-1  promoter are associated with allele-specific expression of IL-1  in CD4+ T cells (2006)

Cytokine secretion profiles of activated T cells are critical for maintaining the immunologic balance between protection and tolerance. In mice, several cytokines have been reported to exhibit monoallelic expression. Previously, we found that the human interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A) gene exhibits a stable allele-specific expression pattern in CD4+ T-cell clones. We investigated whether DNA methylation is involved in the allele-specific expression of IL-1alpha. Here, we show that differential methylation of CpGs in the proximal promoter region is associated with allele-specific expression of IL-1alpha in CD4+ T cells. The differential methylation pattern is already observed in naive T cells. In keratinocytes, which constitutively produce IL-1alpha, the proximal promoter is hypomethylated. CpGs located further upstream and in intron 4 were almost all methylated, irrespective of expression. Treatment of nonexpressing cells and of T-cell clones with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine induced IL-1alpha expression in the nonexpressing cells and induced expression of the formerly silent allele in T-cell clones. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that methylation of CpGs in the proximal promoter resulted in direct inhibition of binding of nuclear factor(s). Taken together, these results suggest that allele-specific expression of IL-1alpha in CD4+ cells is achieved, at least in part, by differential methylation of the promoter.
Genetic Variability in Floral Characteristics Influencing Outcrossing in Oryza sativa L.<sup>1</sup> (1973)

The genetic variability and correlation coefficients involving five floral characters were investigated in a group of 29 cultivated and wild rices ( Oryza Sp .). Wide variability existed in anther length, stigma length, and percent exserted stigma. The genetic variation constituted a high proportion of the total variation for these traits. Thus, selection for these characters is expected to be highly effective. The percent exserted stigma showed a high positive correlation with stigma length. Both traits also were correlated positively with spikelet length and anther length. One accession each of Oryza saliva f. spontanea and O. perennis subsp. balunga possessed anthers twice as long as those of cultivars. They also had a much higher proportion of exserted stigmas than most cultivated varieties.
A joint source coding-power control approach for video transmission over cdma networks (2003)

We consider future generation wireless code-division multiple-access (CDMA) cellular networks supporting heterogeneous compressed video traffic and investigate transport schemes for maximizing the number of users that can be supported in a single cell while simultaneously maximizing the reconstructed video quality of individual users. More specifically, we demonstrate that the network resources consumed by an individual user in a spread-spectrum CDMA network can be taken as the product of the allocated source-coding rate R/sub s/ and the energy per bit normalized to the multiple-access interference noise density /spl gamma/ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> . We propose a joint source coding and power control (JSCPC) approach for allocating these two quantities to an individual user, subject to a constraint on the total available bandwidth, to simultaneously maximize the per-cell capacity while maximizing the quality of the delivered video to individual users. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using the ITU-T H.263+ video source coder, although the approach is generally applicable to other source-coding schemes as well. The results indicate a significant improvement in delivered quality-of-service (QoS), measured in terms of the end-user average peak signal-to-noise ratio, that can be achieved at a given level of network loading. Furthermore, we demonstrate that without an appropriate JSCPC strategy the traditional soft-capacity limit associated with CDMA networks is no longer present. Indeed, a precipitous decrease in performance can be expected with increasing load. We show that this behavior can be avoided with the proposed JSCPC approach, thereby significantly extending the useful capacity of the CDMA network while exhibiting a more graceful degradation pattern under increasing load.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2/2011 (2011)

Cover: Under cold crystallization, a unique crystalline structure of PLLA, appearing as a metacrystal, is discovered in a PDLA/LMw-PLLA blend. During a heating process, the metacrystal PLLA first partially melts and subsequently repacks directly into the α-crystal PLLA, without going through the less stable α′-form, by a melt-recrystallization mechanism. Further details can be found in the article by L. Chang and E. M. Woo* on page 125.
Enhancement of hydrolytic activity of sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase in the aqueous–organic biphasic system (2000)

Lysoglycosphingolipids were produced from glycosphingolipids by using sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase, which cleaves the N-acyl linkage between fatty acids and sphingosine bases in various glycosphingolipids. The enzyme reaction was done in a biphasic media prepared with water;-immiscible organic solvent and aqueous buffer solution containing the enzyme. We investigated the effects of organic solvents and detergents on lysoglycosphingolipid production in the biphasic system. Among the organic solvents tested, n-butylbenzene, cumene, cyclodecane, cyclohexane, n-decane, diisopropylether, n-heptadecane, and methylcyclohexane promoted hydrolysis of GM1, whereas benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and toluene inhibited GM1 hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of asialo GM1, GD1a, GalCer, and sulfatide was also enhanced by the addition of n-decane. The hydrolytic activity of the enzyme was enhanced by the addition of 0.8% sodium taurodeoxycholate or sodium cholate to the aqueous phase. The most effective hydrolysis of various glycosphingolipids by the enzyme was thus obtained in the aqueous-n-decane biphasic system containing 0.8% sodium taurodeoxycholate. Under this condition, the fatty acids released from GM1 by the action of the enzyme were trapped and diffused into the organic phase, while lysoGM1 remained in the aqueous phase. Thus the almost complete hydrolysis of GM1 was achieved using the biphasic system, while at most 70% of hydrolysis was obtained using normal aqueous media possibly due to the inhibition of hydrolysis reaction by accumulation of fatty acids in the reaction mixture.
Co‐metathesis reaction of crude palm oil and ethene (1995)

Abstract The co‐metathesis reaction of crude palm oil with ethene in the presence of WCL 6 /Me 4 Sn, followed by termination of this reaction with methanol, gives terminal alkenes. The major metathesis products are 1‐decene and methyl 9‐decenoate.
Does the Use of an Enteral Feeding Tube With a pH-Sensitive Tip Facilitate Enteral Nutrition? (1993)

Enteral feedings are often used to achieve adequate, cost-effective nutritional support. Placement of feeding tubes is accomplished by either a trained nurse or physician form a nutritional support team. A radiographic examination is required to confirm proper placement. These examinations are expensive and delay initiation of feeding while radiographs are taken and evaluated. A new enteral feeding tube (pH-FT) that incorporates a permanent pH-sensitive tip into a small-bore feeding tube has been developed. A detachable meter is used to monitor pH. This study was undertaken to determine if the pH-FT was reliable in determining placement as compared with radiograph interpretation. Twenty inpatients (14 males and six females) with diagnoses including major burn, trauma, and gastrointestinal disease were intubated with the use of pH-FT. Measurement of pH was taken at the time the radiographic examination was done. Reference pHs used include the following: stomach, 1.1 to 2.0; stomach in the presence of antacids/H2 blockers, 3.5 to 5.0; and the duodenal, 6.0 to 7.3. Of the 20 patients studied, there were four in whom the pH assessment indicated stomach placement with 100% radiograph confirmation. Sixteen patients had duodenal placement indicated by pH assessment, with radiograph confirmation in 88% (14) of the patients. Two patients had a pH indicating duodenal placement, and radiographic examination showed placement to the pH-FT in the stomach. Two benefits of the pH-FT would be decreased cost and earlier initiation of enteral feeding when the radiographic examination and interpretation are eliminated.
The production of recombinant beta-galactosidase inEscherichia coli in yeast extract enriched medium (1990)

The productivity of Escherichia coli biomass and recombinant beta-galactosidase was increased in Luria broth (LB) enriched with yeast extract. In flask culture under conditions of LB limitation, yeast extract supplementation gave the highest biomass (strain HB101/pRW756) stimulation per unit of component added compared with supplementation by various amounts of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, purines/pyrimidines, tryptone, casamino acids, casein peptone or gelatin peptone. The biomass production of E. coli HB101/pRW756, XL-1 Blue/puc118, XL-1 Blue FF/puc118 and TB-1/p1034 cells was stimulated in fermentor-scale experiments with additional yeast extract in LB. Total beta-galactosidase production from plasmid genes in fermentor-scale experiments was increased 105.4% in XL-1 blue/puc118 cells, 365.5% in XL-1 blue FF/puc118 cells and 421.4% in TB-1/p1034 cells by 0.5%, 1% and 1% weight per volume of additional yeast extract in LB, respectively. Depending on different strains, the increase of the enzyme production was obtained either by increased biomass, or the combination of enhanced gene expression and increased biomass. Neither the biomass nor beta-galactosidase production was stimulated in N4830/p1034 cells by the increase in yeast extract concentration in the medium.
A proposed benchmark unit for evaluating electronic troubleshooting expert systems (2003)

In order to establish a uniform basis for comparing and evaluating diagnostic expert systems for functional electronic troubleshooting, a real-life benchmark unit is proposed. The HP-3478P unit is essentially identical to the HP-3478A digital multimeter. The authors first outline the criteria that guided them in the selection of this unit from a wide variety of real-life units. They describe the structure of the HP-3478P and its test set. They then provide an illustrative test case and a discussion of the complexity of the unit. The HP-3478P was used to evaluate the AITEST system on a wide variety of cases, and it was found to be very useful.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Preparation of β-Keto Sulfones by the Claisen Condensation<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of β-Keto Sulfones by the Claisen Condensation1William E. Truce and Robert H. KnospeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 19, 5063–5067Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01624a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01624a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microscope objectives and their evolution to optical disk objectives (1992)

The purpose of this Critical Review is to provide an overview of the evolution and the state of the art of microscope objective design forms and the related family of optical disk objective design forms. Although these objectives have a venerable history, there are emerging applications, new design forms, and new manufacturing technologies that have recently generated substantial growth in these fields of application. A common goal of both objective families is diffraction-limited performance, but the optical disk objectives have the advantages of a limited spectral range and refocusing for extra-axial objects.
Synthesis and Amino Acid Chain Extension of 1-Acylated Hydroxymethylpyrroles (1993)

Acylation of pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (3) with an N-phthaloyl amino acid chloride, N,N-diisopropylethylamine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) gave the 1-acylpyrrole-2-carbalde-hydes (4a-c). The 1-acylated pyrroles (4d-i), (8) and (9) were similarly prepared in good yields from the relevant pyrrole derivative using dmap and either an acid chloride/N,N- diisopropylethylamine or an anhydride/triethylamine. Reduction of (4a-f) with zinc borohydride gave the 1-acylated hydroxymethylpyrroles (5a-f). A coupling of (5a) with N-Cbz-L-Val-L-Val-OH under Mitsunobu conditions gave the tetrapeptide analogue (11).
Induction of Parturition in Swine with Prostaglandin F2α2 (1974)

Pregnant gilts and sows were administered prostaglandin F 2α by intravenous infusion or by intramuscular injection in an effort to induce parturition. The average interval from the start of infusion until birth of the first pig was 28.9 ± 1.9 hr. in gilts receiving PGF2α which occurred at a mean gestation length of 109 ± 0.03 days as compared to 78.9 ± 18.4 hr. and 111.5 ± 0.02 days, respectively, in control gilts. Plasma progesterone concentration decreased from a mean of 4.4 ng/ml at the start of PGFaa infusion to 1.3 ng/ml 10 hr. later. Control gilts had mean progesterone levels of 5.6 and 5.3 ng/ml, respectively, at the start and end of the infusion period. At parturition mean progesterone levels of PGF2α and control gilts were similar, being 1.6 and 1.9 ng/ml for control and treated gilts, respectively. There was no apparent cause and effect relationship between elevated levels of corticoids and parturition. After the intramuscular injection of 0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg PGF2α parturition followed, on the average, at 85 ± 7, 29 ± 3 or 30 ± 1 hr., respectively (P< .05). The average gestation length was significantly shorter (P< .05) in treated gilts but, even so, the number of live pigs at birth and piglet survival rate were unaffected by PGFα treatment.
Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium <i>n</i> -Alkylsalicylates (1971)

The activities are reported of sodium salts of several n-alkylsalicylic acids against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium phlei, and Candida albicans. The acids had alkyl substituents of 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the 3, 4, or 5 positions relative to the carboxyl group of salicylic acid. Generally, the antimicrobial properties were typical of anionic surface-active agents although the salicylates are more potent than most of these, particularly against S. aureus.
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose by Adults With Diabetes in the United States Population (1993)

A large proportion of patients with diabetes do not test their blood glucose. Financial barriers associated with income and health insurance do not appear to impede the practice of self-monitoring. Because of the importance of blood glucose control in the prevention of diabetes complications and the role of self-monitoring in achieving blood glucose control, it may be prudent for physicians and their patients to make greater use of this technique. Special attention should be directed to the subgroups of patients (blacks, patients not treated with insulin, those with less education, and those with no education in diabetes) in which the frequency of self-monitoring is particularly low.