gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purified lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐3 and T11 target structure are active in CD2‐mediated T cell stimulation (1987)

In this study we have used cells expressing LFA-3 or T11TS, the human and sheep forms of the ligand of CD2, as well as the purified LFA-3 and T11TS molecules themselves to study their effects on T cell activation via the CD2-mediated "alternative pathway". Sheep red blood cells, which bind to CD2 via T11TS in E-rosette formation, and human autologous monocytes, which express the LFA-3 molecule, both induce proliferation of resting T cells in the presence of per se submitogenic concentrations of anti-T11(2) plus anti-T11(3) monoclonal antibodies (mAb). This effect is blocked by mAb to LFA-3, T11TS and CD2 known to inhibit CD2-ligand interaction. In addition, purified LFA-3 and T11TS, when added at ng amounts to cultures containing submitogenic concentrations of anti-T11(2 + 3) mAb, are also strongly mitogenic for resting human T cells. Thus, both LFA-3 and T11TS are potent co-stimulators of the alternative pathway of T cell activation but by themselves do not provide a mitogenic signal. This finding is discussed with regard to a physiological role of CD2-LFA-3 interaction in T cell activation.
Generation of surface acoustic waves for general sensing applications (2008)

The technology of surface acoustic waves (SAW) is widely used in a number of applications, such as detection of surface cracks or flaws, touch-panels, and SAW filters. The propagation of SAWs on the surface of solid materials has been used to detect hidden cracks or other surface discontinuities in a medium. They are also readily attenuated when a soft object touches the surface of medium. For a piezoelectric material, SAWs can be generated using a transducer of interdigitated electrodes fabricated on the surface [Herbert Matthews]. However, most materials are non-piezoelectric. A method to produce SAWs on a non-piezoelectric material is to convert from bulk acoustic waves using the equivalence of SnelPs law in Optics. To satisfy the Snell's law, longitudinal bulk wave propagating in the acoustic prism must be slower than the SAWs on the non-piezoelectric material. This posts a challenge because the SAW velocity is approximately 60% of longitudinal wave velocity in the same material. It is very hard to find a material in which the longitudinal wave velocity is slow and the propagation loss is acceptable. Lucite is identified as meeting the low longitudinal wave velocity requirement. Acoustic right-triangle prisms with angles satisfying the Snell's law are made of Lucite. One right-angle face is bonded with a piezoelectric transducer and the hypotenuse face is bonded to a substrate such as soda-lime glass. Another transducer-prism assembly is also bonded to the glass to detect SAWs. The total loss from the transmitter to the receiver is measured. The SAW velocity is also measured and compared with calculated value. Besides Lucite, we search for other acoustic prism materials that have better CTE match and better acoustic impedance match to both the glass and the transducer. Bismuth and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) are possible candidates.
Anti-CD3 Recombinant Diphtheria Immunotoxin Therapy of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma (2009)

The recombinant CD3 immunotoxin, A-dmDT(390)-bisFv(UCHT1), composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin fused to two single chain Fv fragments of an anti-CD3epsilon monoclonal antibody was administered to five patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) by eight 15 min intravenous infusions over four days. Side effects were fever, chills, nausea, hypoalbuminemia, transaminasemia and reactivation of EBV and CMV. Half-life of drug was 40 min. Anti-immunotoxin antibodies developed in all patients after two weeks. Two patients had partial remissions lasting 1 and 6+ months. The agent is undergoing further dose escalation and shows promising results in this disease.
Globally coupled collision handling using volume preserving impulses (2008)

We present a novel algorithm for collision processing on triangulated meshes. Our method robustly maintains a collision free state on complex geometries while resorting to collision resolution at time intervals often comparable to the frame rate. Our approach is motivated by the behavior of a thin layer of fluid inserted in the empty space between nearly-colliding parts of the simulated surface, acting as a cushioning mechanism. Point-triangle or edge-edge pairs on a collision course are naturally resolved by the incompressible response of this fluid buffer. This response is formulated into a globally coupled nonlinear system which we solve using Newton iteration and symmetric, positive definite solvers. The globally coupled treatment of collisions allows us to resolve up to two orders of magnitude more collisions than traditional greedy algorithms (e.g. Gauss-Seidel collision response) and take substantially larger time steps without compromising the visual quality of the simulation.
Wavefront-customized intraocular lenses (2004)

Wavefront-customized intraocular lenses offer the promise of near perfect retinal image quality, such that only diffraction, chromatic aberration, retinal sampling and neural factors will limit vision in pseudophakic eyes.
A Swiss Army Knife for Identity-Based Cryptography (2003)

Identity-Based (IB) cryptography is a rapidly emerging ap- proach to public-key cryptography that does not require principals to pre-compute key pairs and obtain certicates for their public keys| instead, public keys can be arbitrary identiers such as email addresses, while private keys are derived at any time by a trusted private key gen- erator upon request by the designated principals. Despite the
A maximum likelihood procedure for a universal adaptation method based on HMM composition (2002)

This paper proposes an adaptation method for universal noise (additive noise and multiplicative distortion) based on the HMM composition (compensation) technique. Although the original HMM composition can be applied only to additive noise, our new method can estimate multiplicative distortion by maximizing the likelihood value. The signal-to-noise ratio is automatically estimated as part of the estimation of multiplicative distortion. Phoneme recognition experiments show that this method improves recognition accuracy for noisy and distorted speech.
Software Deployment on Network Storage Based Systems (2001)

software deployment, software installation, diskless, network storage This report briefly summarizes a number of recent investigations related to software deployment on network storage based systems that our team recently performed. A specific context in which this was investigated was for a pool of general-purpose servers in a single data center that are to be allocated among different applications and/or different customers according to demand or level of service purchased. Separating software installations from server machines increases the modularity of the data center, such that the appropriate level of compute power can be more easily provisioned for a specific software environment and the available compute power can be more efficiently allocated among software environments. A number of additional capabilities and concerns unique to “diskless ” software deployment are discussed, as are general topics in improving the modularity and flexibility by which software packages are installed, configured, combined into software stacks, and shared among servers in cluster environments.
GnRH Antagonists:  A New Generation of Long Acting Analogues Incorporating<i>p</i>-Ureido-phenylalanines at Positions 5 and 6 (2000)

A series of antagonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) of the general formula Ac-D2Nal-D4Cpa-D3Pal-Ser-4Aph/4Amf(P)-D4Aph/D4Amf(Q)-Leu-ILys-Pro-DAla-NH2 was synthesized, characterized, and screened for duration of inhibition of luteinizing hormone release in a castrated male rat assay. Selected analogues were tested in a reporter gene assay (IC50 and pA2) and an in vitro histamine release assay. P and Q contain urea/carbamoyl functionalities designed to increase potential intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding opportunities for structural stabilization and peptide/receptor interactions, respectively. These substitutions resulted in analogues with increased hydrophilicity and a lesser propensity to form gels in aqueous solution than azaline B [Ac-D2Nal-D4Cpa-D3Pal-Ser-4Aph(Atz)-D4Aph(Atz)-Leu-ILys-Pro-DAla-NH2 with Atz = 3'-amino-1H-1',2',4'-triazol-5'-yl, 5], and in some cases they resulted in a significant increase in duration of action after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration. Ac-D2Nal-D4Cpa-D3Pal-Ser-4Aph(L-hydroorotyl)-D4Aph(carbamoyl)-Leu-ILys-Pro-DAla-NH2 (acetate salt is FE200486) (31) and eight other congeners (20, 35, 37, 39, 41, 45-47) were identified that exhibited significantly longer duration of action than acyline [Ac-D2Nal-D4Cpa-D3Pal-Ser-4Aph(Ac)-D4Aph(Ac)-Leu-ILys-Pro-DAla-NH2] (6) when administered subcutaneously in castrated male rats at a dose of 50 microg in 100 microL of phosphate buffer. No correlation was found between retention times on a C18 reverse phase column using a triethylammonium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 (a measure of hydrophilicity) or affinity in an in vitro human GnRH report gene assay (pA2) and duration of action. FE200486 was selected for preclinical studies, and some of its properties were compared to those of other clinical candidates. In the intact rat, ganirelix, abarelix, azaline B, and FE200486 inhibited plasma testosterone for 1, 1, 14, and 57 days, respectively, at 2 mg/kg s.c. in 5% mannitol (injection volume = 20 microL). Based on the information that 31, 33, 35 and 37 were significantly shorter acting than acyline or azaline B after intravenous administration (100 microg/rat), we surmised that the very long duration of action of the related FE200486 (for example) was likely due to unique physicochemical properties such as solubility in aqueous milieu, comparatively low propensity to form gels, and ability to diffuse at high concentrations in a manner similar to that described for slow release formulations of peptides. Indeed, in rats injected s.c. with FE200486 (2 mg/kg), plasmatic concentrations of FE200486 remained above 5 ng/mL until day 41, and the time after which they dropped below 3 ng/mL and plasma LH levels started rising until full recovery was reached at day 84 with levels of FE200486 hovering around 1 ng/mL. Additionally, FE200486 was less potent at releasing histamine from isolated rat mast cells than any of the GnRH antagonists presently described in preclinical reports.
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide purification by capping failure sequences with a methacrylamide phosphoramidite followed by polymerization (2014)

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides are simply purified by capping failure sequences with a methacrylamide phosphoramidite, co-polymerization with <italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-dimethylacrylamide and extraction with water.
Density and element-size tapering for the design of arrays with a reduced number of control points and high efficiency (2010)

In the design of Direct Radiating Arrays for satellite communications, where the constraints are generally given in terms of a directivity mask, solutions using a reduced number of uniformly excited radiating elements are particularly attractive because they allow to reduce the array cost and weight and maximize the amplifiers efficiency. In this communication, an innovative architecture exploiting both a density and an element-size tapering is presented, as well as two innovative and computationally effective synthesis strategies. Examples demonstrating the effectiveness of both the proposed architectures and of the relative synthesis techniques are also provided, with reference to an actual problem.
The oral retention and antiplaque efficacy of triclosan in human volunteers. (1987)

An antiplaque toothpaste containing 0.2% (w/w) triclosan significantly inhibited overnight plaque growth in 12 human volunteers. After use of a 1 g quantity of the toothpaste containing 0.2% (w/w) [3H]-triclosan, 36.3 +/- 1.4% of the triclosan was retained. The mean concentration (+/- s.d.) achieved in saliva 5 min after toothpaste use was 8.16 +/- 2.50 micrograms g-1. The saliva decay curve for triclosan was consistent with a two phase model with t1/2 values of 0.45 h and 2.42 h, respectively. Triclosan was present in bacterial plaque for at least 8 h after dosage and in the oral mucosa for at least 3 h.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of optically active alkynyl alcohols by enantioselective alkynylation of aldehydes and by enantioselective alkylation of alkynyl aldehydes (1990)

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of optically active secondary alkynyl alcohols (1) by enantioselective addition of organozinc reagents to aldehydes in the presence of a small amount of catalyst was examined. Enantioselective alkynylation of benzaldehyde by alkynylzinc reagents using (1S,2R)-(–)-N,N-dibutylnorephedrine (2c) as a chiral catalyst gave (1) in moderate enantiomeric excess (e.e.). On the other hand, enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc reagents to alkynyl aldehydes using (S)-(+)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)diphenylmethanol (3) as a chiral catalyst afforded (1) in high e.e. The reaction of 3-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynal with diethylzinc in toluene at –20 °C using (S)-(+)-(3)(5 mol%) afforded (–)-1-trimethylsilylpent-1-yn-3-ol in 78% e.e. (S)-(–)-Oct-1-yn-3-ol (6)(precursor of the prostaglandin side chain) was also synthesized in 69% e.e. by employing dipentylzinc.
Design and applications of strongly dispersive photonic crystal structures (2008)

The opportunity to manipulate optical properties of materials through fabrication is the unique capability offered by photonic crystals. Among different directions to exploit the possibilities in this field, there have been recent research activities to engineer the dispersive properties of photonic crystals to change the propagation properties of waves passing through these periodic structures. To provide an efficient way to implement such devices, an approximate modeling technique will be used to simplify the analysis and design process for dispersive photonic crystal devices. Furthermore, the issue of efficient coupling to dispersive photonic crystal modes which is crucial for practical implementation of these devices will be addressed. Here, in particular, we will focus on employing the dispersive properties of photonic crystals to realize compact optical spectrometers and wavelength demultiplexers. We will show that by combining multiple dispersive properties (i.e., negative diffraction and the superprism effect) it is possible to enhance the performance of devices targeted for such applications. The potentials of these photonic crystal devices to meet the requirements of current and future applications in optical information processing and integrated optical sensing will be discussed.
THEORY OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TENSILE FRACTURE UNDER PRESSURE (1968)

1) Bridgman's Observational Results.-It was observed by Bridgman' that there is a linear relationship between the hydrostatic pressure p and the natural strain at fracture, i.e., the ductility, in tensile tests on steel cylinders, and that this relationship persists regardless of the type of fracture which occurs.A theo- retical explanation of the foregoing result has been given in an earlier paper in these PROCEEDINGS.
Simulation of hierarchical scheduler for ATM switches (2004)

Traffic scheduling is an important function that provides service differentiation to a wide range of quality of service (QoS) requirements for connections that belong to different traffic classes. This article presents a simulation based traffic analysis tool for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches. The simulator for the ATM cell scheduler models a complex hierarchical scheduling (HS) discipline with multiple levels of scheduling. The interaction of the first level per virtual circuit (VC) scheduler with second level class scheduler among multiple class types is very complex. It is useful to use the simulator to derive theoretical outcomes of traffic configurations both in live networks and in lab environments. Connection admission control (CAC) algorithms are also incorporated in the simulator for effective bandwidth (EBW) calculation and scheduler weight allocation. Simulation results are presented at the end of the paper.
COMMENTARY Pigmentation in Melanomas: Changes Manifesting Underlying Oncogenic and Metabolic Activities (2002)

Changes in pigmentation are frequently encountered in primary and metastatic melanocytic lesions. Pigmentation is determined by the activity of tyrosinase (TYR), the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis. Tyrosinase activity can be modulated at the genetic and/or epigenetic level. In this commentary I suggest that pigmentation can serve as an indicator for genetic and metabolic changes as follows. In TYR-negative, amelanotic melanomas cells, downregulation of TYR and other melanocyte-specific gene expression is likely to be mediated by dominantly acting oncogenes with impact on the transcriptional activity of the melanocyte-specific transcription factor Mitf. Ras and c-myc, shown to be active and upregulated in subclasses of melanoma tumors, have the potential to induce these changes. TYR-positive highly pigmented melanoma tumors are likely to reside in aerobic, well-vascularized microenvironment. In contrast, hypo- or amelanotic TYR-positive lesions suffer from reduced TYR activity due to an acidified microenvironment. These lesions might have encountered anaerobic conditions, and have adapted to the reduced oxygen by enhanced glycolysis, leading to extracellular acidification and activation of V-ATPase.
Treatment of Chronic Cervical‐Associated Headache With Botulinum Toxin A: A Pilot Study (2000)

Objective.–To see whether therapy with botulinum toxin A may prove to be an effective treatment for headache of musculoskeletal origin. Background.–Headache is a common finding associated with neck injury. Cervicogenic headache, which is believed to be attributable to injury of the ligaments, muscles, or joints of the cervical spine, is centered in the occipital region with pain referred to the frontotemporal region. Botulinum toxin A produces prolonged muscle relaxation, which is dose dependent and can be easily targeted to affected muscles. Methods.–This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study compares outcome measures in 26 patients suffering from chronic headache subsequent to a cervical whiplash injury. One half of the patients received botulinum toxin A, 100 units, diluted in 1 mL of saline, while the other half received just saline (1 mL). Five cervical trigger points received 0.2 mL each of injectant via a 30‐gauge needle. Outcome measures included subjective head pain based on visual analog scales, as well as range of neck motion. Follow‐up assessments were carried out at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. Results.–Fourteen subjects who received botulinum toxin A and 12 who received saline completed the study. At both 2 and 4 weeks post injection, the treatment group showed a significant improvement in pain and range of motion from preinjection levels ( P < .01). The placebo group demonstrated no statistically significant changes at any posttreatment time.
Novel low-volume solder-on-pad (SoP) material and process for flip chip bonding using Au stud bumps (2012)

A novel solder bumping material and process for low-volume solder-on-pad (SoP) have been developed to be applied in the flip chip bonding using Au stud bumps. It features a maskless, low-cost, and lead-free material. The thicknesses of the solder bumps on pads on a substrate were measured about 10 μm. With this material and optimized process, as well as, fluxing underfill, a 3D IC module composed of a GPU, two SRAM, two Si interposer with TSVs, and passives were successfully developed.
PTEN Expression, Not Mutation Status in <i>TSC1, TSC2</i>, or <i>mTOR</i>, Correlates with the Outcome on Everolimus in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated on the Randomized RECORD-3 Trial (2018)

Association between mutation status for <i>TSC1</i>/<i>TSC2</i>/<i>mTOR</i> and therapeutic outcome on everolimus was not confirmed. Clinically meaningful differences in PFS were seen based on PTEN expression by IHC, lost in >50% of patients.
Carnosine (beta-alanylhistidine) protects from the suppression of contact hypersensitivity by ultraviolet B (280-320 nm) radiation or by cis urocanic acid. (1993)

Carnosine is a naturally occurring histidine-containing dipeptide in mammalian tissues for which a physiological role has not been defined. It has antioxidant properties, but has also been shown to be related metabolically to histidine and histamine, and to have immunopotentiating properties in vivo. It is shown here that carnosine presented topically or in the diet, potentiated the contact hypersensitivity reaction in hairless mice. Carnosine also prevented the systemic suppression of this reaction following exposure of the dorsal skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Furthermore, carnosine prevented the systemic suppression caused by a topically applied lotion containing cis urocanic acid, indicating that it may act in competition with this UVB photoproduct which is believed to initiate many of the suppressive effects of UVB radiation.
Chromosomal fragility associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (1994)

To test whether chromosomal instability is associated with familial Alzheimer's disease, we examined breakage on X chromosomes of fibroblasts derived from patients with familial Alzheimer's disease, using gene cotransfer methodology. The X chromosome is a convenient target for analyzing DNA breakage because of its numerous markers and ease of selection in rodent-human hybrid cells. Patients with familial Alzheimer's disease, including the large Nova Scotia Alzheimer's kindred, show a significantly lower cotransfer of the X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene with the selected HPRT gene in hybrid cells, indicating breakage between the markers. Lower cotransfer of the more distant X-linked gene, MIC-2, was statistically significant in this kindred, but not in other patients with familial Alzheimer's disease. The distance between MIC2 and HPRT is sixfold to ninefold greater than that between HPRT and G6PD, suggesting that there may be a "hot spot" for breakage in the latter interval on the X chromosome of patients with familial Alzheimer's disease. The somatic cell hybrid model provides insights into underlying mechanisms for chromosomal breakage induced by the Alzheimer defect. A hypothesis implicating a candidate gene, C1-THF synthase, in the generation of chromosome instability in the pathogenesis of familial Alzheimer's disease, is presented.
40GHz Wide-Locking-Range Regenerative Frequency Divider and Low-Phase-Noise Balanced VCO in 0.18μm CMOS (2007)

A 40GHz wide-locking-range frequency divider and a low-phase-noise VCO are implemented in 0.18mum CMOS technology. The frequency divider demonstrates a locking range of 10.6GHz with 0dBm input power while the VCO exhibits a phase noise of -108.65dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset. Each of the 2 circuits consumes 6mW from a 1V supply.
Clutter suppression in search radars (1977)

A comparison of MTI and Optimum Pulse-Doppler processors is presented for the case where they coherently process the same number of pulses in a radar dwell. These results are presented in terms of probability of detection versus signal-to-noise or signal-to-clutter ratio, for a fixed false alarm probability. When multiple dwells are transmitted during the time-on-target, dwell-to-dwell PRF changes can be used to eliminate blind speeds. A step-by-step procedure for implementing such designs is described and a performance analysis for a particular example is presented.