gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription factor <i>AtMYB103</i> is required for anther development by regulating tapetum development, callose dissolution and exine formation in Arabidopsis (2007)

Downregulation of the transcription factor AtMYB103 using transgenic technology results in early tapetal degeneration and pollen aberration during anther development in Arabidopsis thaliana. This paper describes the functional analysis of the AtMYB103 gene in three knock-out mutants. Two male sterile mutants, ms188-1 and ms188-2, were generated by ethyl-methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. A map-based cloning approach was used, and ms188 was mapped to a 95.8-kb region on chromosome 5 containing an AtMYB103 transcription factor. Sequence analysis revealed that ms188-1 had a pre-mature stop codon in the AtMYB103 coding region, whereas ms188-2 had a CCT-->CTT base-pair change in the first exon of AtMYB103, which resulted in the replacement of a proline by a leucine residue in the R2R3 domain. The third mutant, an AtMYB103 transposon-tagging line, also showed a male sterile phenotype. Allelism tests indicated that MS188 and AtMYB103 belong to the same locus. Cytological observation revealed defective tapetum development and altered callose dissolution in ms188 plants. Additionally, most of the microspores in mature anthers were degraded and surviving microspores lacked exine. AtMYB103 encoded an R2R3 MYB protein that is predominantly located in the nucleus. Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that the callase-related gene A6 was regulated by AtMYB103. Expression of the exine formation gene MS2 was not detected in mutant anthers. These results implicate that AtMYB103 plays an important role in tapetum development, callose dissolution and exine formation in A. thaliana anthers.
투명성과 보험모집수수료 공개 제도 - 개정 보험업감독규정(2020.1.15. 개정)의 검토를 중심으로 - (2020)

보험상품의 판매는 다른 상품 대비 모집종사자의 권유에 의하여 판매되는 경우가 많으나 수수료 체계와 지급방식은 모집종사자의 판매 인센티브에 강력한 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 실제적인 판매과정에서 모집종사자들과 계약자들간의 이해상충 소지가 큰데도, 한국의 법제는 소비자가 적정하게 판단하기 위한 관련 정보를 충분히 제공하기 위한 역할을 다하였는지 의문이 제기되어 왔다.
그런데 최근 개정된 보험업감독규정은 모집수수료 관련 법제를 주로 개선하였다. 개정 규정은 모집조직에게 주어지는 수수료등의 범주를 획정하고, 분할지급방식을 도입 · 유도하기 위한 장치를 도입하고, 일정한 보장성보험에 관한 사업비 공시기준을 강화하는 등 법제를 개선하였다. 이를 통하여 개정 규정은 소비자의 알 권리를 제고하고 모집종사자에 의한 불완전판매 소지를 줄이는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 그러나 개정 규정에 의하더라도 모집수수료는 여전히 ‘간접’공개될 따름이며 분할지급의 선택권 제공은 제한적이며 승환관련 공시의무는 여전히 미흡하다는 한계가 있다.
그러나 수수료를 소비자가 아닌 보험회사가 지급하는 상황에서 모집종사자가 수취하는 수수료의 내역과 지급시기를 소비자에게 적정하게 공개하지 않는다면 이해상충 해소가 어렵다. 따라서 수수료를 보다 직접적으로 공개하고 점진적으로 수수료 분급을 유도하는 비교적 과감한 정책을 검토할 필요가 있으며, 아울러 불완전판매의 한축으로 지적되는 승환의 경우 승환에 해당하는 대체 보험계약 권유시 모집 수수료에 관한 직접 공개를 의무화하는 등 관련 공시의무를 확대할 필요가 있다.
Utilizing simulation to evaluate business decisions in sense-and-respond systems (2004)

Simulation can be an effective way to evaluate alternative decisions in sense-and-respond systems prior to taking actions to resolve existing or anticipated business situations. In sense-and-respond systems, business situations arise within predefined contexts that specify what aspects of the business need to be monitored and what information is needed to make decisions. We have designed a decision support system that dynamically configures simulation models based on business context and interactively presents simulation results to business analysts. In this paper, our decision support system is applied to the IBM demand conditioning process, in which mismatches between supply and demand are identified and corrective actions are initiated.
Back to the future: fault-tolerant live update with time-traveling state transfer (2013)

Live update is a promising solution to bridge the need to frequently update a software system with the pressing demand for high availability in mission-critical environ-ments. While many research solutions have been pro-posed over the years, systems that allow software to be updated on the fly are still far from reaching widespread adoption in the system administration community. We believe this trend is largely motivated by the lack of tools to automate and validate the live update process. A ma-jor obstacle, in particular, is represented by state transfer, which existing live update tools largely delegate to the programmer despite the great effort involved. This paper presents time-traveling state transfer, a new automated and fault-tolerant live update technique. Our approach isolates different program versions into independent processes and uses a semantics-preserving state transfer transaction—across multiple past, future, and reversed versions—to validate the program state of the updated version. To automate the process, we com-plement our live update technique with a generic state transfer framework explicitly designed to minimize the overall programming effort. Our time-traveling tech-nique can seamlessly integrate with existing live update tools and automatically recover from arbitrary run-time and memory errors in any part of the state transfer code, regardless of the particular implementation used. Our evaluation confirms that our update techniques can with-stand arbitrary failures within our fault model, at the cost of only modest performance and memory overhead. 1
Adaptive Treatment Allocation and the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (1987)

A class of simple adaptive allocation rules is proposed for the problem (often called the "multi-armed bandit problem") of sampling $x_1, \cdots x_N$ sequentially from $k$ populations with densities belonging to an exponential family, in order to maximize the expected value of the sum $S_N = x_1 + \cdots + x_N$. These allocation rules are based on certain upper confidence bounds, which are developed from boundary crossing theory, for the $k$ population parameters. The rules are shown to be asymptotically optimal as $N \rightarrow \infty$ from both Bayesian and frequentist points of view. Monte Carlo studies show that they also perform very well for moderate values of the horizon $N$.
Kupffer cell-mediated hepatic injury induced by silica nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo (2013)

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have been shown to exert cytotoxic effects in hepato-cytes and to cause liver injury. In the liver, Kupffer cells (KCs), as the resident macrophages, play an important role in the normal physiology and homeostasis of the liver. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to clarify the role of KCs in hepatic injury induced by SiO(2) NPs. In this study, we treated Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells with the supernatants of SiO(2) NP-stimulated KCs to determine KC-mediated hepatotoxicity and its underlying preliminary mechanism. We also examined the response of KCs and liver injury in vivo after the administration of SiO(2) NPs. The results showed that KCs stimulated by SiO(2) NPs release large amounts of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide. After BRL cells were cultured with the supernatants of SiO(2) NP-stimulated KCs, the viability of BRL cells was reduced, and increases in aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase leakage were observed. Exposure to SiO(2) NPs in vivo caused KC hyperplasia, hepatic inflammation, and oxidative stress, which led to changes in the biochemical composition of the liver. These data suggest that SiO(2) NPs activate KCs to mediate hepatic injury and that the preliminary mechanism involves the release of bioactive substances from KCs.
Contrast-Guided Image Interpolation (2013)

In this paper a contrast-guided image interpolation method is proposed that incorporates contrast information into the image interpolation process. Given the image under interpolation, four binary contrast-guided decision maps (CDMs) are generated and used to guide the interpolation filtering through two sequential stages: 1) the 45(°) and 135(°) CDMs for interpolating the diagonal pixels and 2) the 0(°) and 90(°) CDMs for interpolating the row and column pixels. After applying edge detection to the input image, the generation of a CDM lies in evaluating those nearby non-edge pixels of each detected edge for re-classifying them possibly as edge pixels. This decision is realized by solving two generalized diffusion equations over the computed directional variation (DV) fields using a derived numerical approach to diffuse or spread the contrast boundaries or edges, respectively. The amount of diffusion or spreading is proportional to the amount of local contrast measured at each detected edge. The diffused DV fields are then thresholded for yielding the binary CDMs, respectively. Therefore, the decision bands with variable widths will be created on each CDM. The two CDMs generated in each stage will be exploited as the guidance maps to conduct the interpolation process: for each declared edge pixel on the CDM, a 1-D directional filtering will be applied to estimate its associated to-be-interpolated pixel along the direction as indicated by the respective CDM; otherwise, a 2-D directionless or isotropic filtering will be used instead to estimate the associated missing pixels for each declared non-edge pixel. Extensive simulation results have clearly shown that the proposed contrast-guided image interpolation is superior to other state-of-the-art edge-guided image interpolation methods. In addition, the computational complexity is relatively low when compared with existing methods; hence, it is fairly attractive for real-time image applications.
<title>Fiber optic oxygen sensors based on the sol-gel coating technique</title> (1996)

Two fiber optic oxygen sensor designs were demonstrated by sol-gel coatings doped with an organo-metallic complex, ruthenium (II) tris-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline. The first design implemented a porous optical fiber coated with sol-gel that showed high sensitivity (less than 1 ppm) towards oxygen gas and a dynamic range up to 1% oxygen. The second optical sensor was based on a collimator device which involved a sol-gel film that was spin coated onto a silica glass disk. Compared to the porous fiber approach, a faster response time and lower oxygen gas sensitivity were determined for this sensor configuration. According the lifetime decay behavior of a sol-gel spin coating, the luminescence decay of the ruthenium complex followed a single exponential decay in nitrogen and air. Also, the spin coated sample showed a greater degree of quenching according to the Stern-Volmer ratio, at greater oxygen concentrations than the ratio calculated for the monolithic film. Analysis of the lifetime decay behavior of the different forming methods revealed that the micro-structure of the gel was dependent upon the type of sol-gel deposition. In this case, spin coated gels resulted in a denser coating than the monolithic film. As a result, these differences in the sol- gel micro-structure were used to discuss the different behavior of the collimator sensor with respect to the porous fiber oxygen sensor.
Modeling and Analysis of High Energy Laser Weapons System Performance in Varying Atmospheric Conditions (2011)

Abstract : This thesis addresses two primary concerns relating to Directed Energy (DE) models and tests: need for more use of Design of Experiment (DOE) in structuring DE models and tests, and lack of modeling atmospheric variability in High Energy Laser (HEL) weapon system propagation models and tests. To address these concerns we use a DOE factorial design to capture main, interaction, and non-linear effects between modeled weapon design and environmental factors in a well defined simulated Air-to-Ground HEL engagement scenario. The scenario modeled considers a B1-B aircraft in the 2022 timeframe equipped with an HEL weapon, irradiating a ground target from 30K feet altitude. The High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS), developed by the AFIT Center for Directed Energy (CDE), is used to model HEL propagation. Atmospheric variability is incorporated by using input from the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDER) model based on randomly selected daily meteorological data (METAR) for a specific geographic location. Results clearly indicate the practical significance of a number of HEL weapon design and environmental factors, to include a number of previously unidentified interactions and non-linear effects, on the final energy delivered to a target for our modeled scenario.
Tunneling-based SRAM (1999)

This paper describes a new high-density low-power circuit approach for implementing static random access memory (SRAM) using low current density resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). After an overview of semiconductor random access memory architecture and technology, the concept of tunneling-based SRAM (TSRAM) is introduced. Experimental results for a compound semiconductor 1-bit 50-nW TSRAM gain cell using low current density (/spl sim/1 A/cm/sup 2/) RTDs and low-leakage heterostructure field effect transistors are presented. We describe a one-transistor TSRAM cell which could convert silicon dynamic RAM (DRAM) to ultradense SRAM if an ultralow current density (/spl sim/1 /spl mu/A/cm/sup 2/) silicon bistable device is developed. Finally, we present experimental and simulation results for a TSRAM cell using multipeaked I-V curve devices and a multivalued word line. This approach aims at increasing storage density through vertical integration of bistable devices such as RTD's.
Enhanced Reverse Saturable Absorption in Substituted Twistacenes from Visible to Near-Infrared: Modulation of Terminal Twisted π-Conjugated Units (2020)

Four substituted twistacenes decorated with different twisted π-conjugated units are synthesized to investigate their structure–property relationship. To improve the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of these twistacenes, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and pyrenyl are selected as the twisted units to gradually increase the population of π-electrons. Broadband excited-state absorption (ESA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) of these compounds show a significant enhancement in femtosecond transient absorption spectra (TAS) and multiwavelength Z-scan experiments, respectively. The photophysical mechanism exhibits a typical feature of two-photon absorption (TPA)-induced ESA (TPA-ESA) on the singlet state. With the analysis of the electron transition calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), it can be inferred that TPA and ESA of these twistacenes are modulated by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and local excitation (LE), respectively. The TPA cross sections of these twistacenes at 515 nm are dramatically enhanced from 214 to 534 GM by introducing ICT, while the ESA cross sections are significantly increased from 1.2 × 10–21 to 6.5 × 10–21 m2 at 690 nm via strengthening LE with the π–π* feature. The result indicates that not only can TPA and ESA be enhanced simultaneously but also the selective modulation of the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties can be achieved in such kinds of compounds.
BDD minimization by truth table permutations (1996)

Bern, Meinel and Slobodova (see Proceedings of 32nd Design Automation Conference, p. 408-13, June 1995) have recently proposed a novel technique called cube transformations to minimize the size of binary decision diagrams. Given a Boolean function, they try to find a domain transformation such that the function after the transformation has a smaller BDD. It has been shown that well-chosen transformations enable us to represent compactly the hidden-weight-bit functions, which are known to have exponential-sized BDDs for any variable ordering. Although their results are promising, no heuristics for picking good transformations are provided in the paper by Bern et al., i.e. they carefully chose a particular transformation for each function by investigating the characteristic of the function. In this paper, we present a set of heuristic algorithms which construct effective transformations starting from given BDDs. Preliminary experimental results showed that this technique gives us a minimization ability which cannot be captured by dynamic reordering.
Preliminary characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by a marine biofilm-forming bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica (SBT 033) (2007)

The EPS produced by P. ruthenica is pseudoplastic in nature and is stable at higher pH levels. These properties suggest that the EPS may have potential applications in the oil, textiles and food industries.
Growth response to rhIGF‐I 80 μg/kg twice daily in children with growth hormone insensitivity syndrome: relationship to severity of clinical phenotype (1999)

This study reveals that IGF-I treatment at a dose of 80 microg/kg twice daily is effective in patients with growth hormone insensitivity syndrome. During the first 12 months of therapy, there was a significant inverse relationship between growth response to IGF-I therapy and the severity of the phenotype of growth hormone insensitivity syndrome, as measured by height SDS, at the start of therapy. Patients with a more severe clinical phenotype of growth hormone insensitivity syndrome, who also had most severe IGFBP-3 deficiency, responded better than those who were more mildly affected. An analogous situation has been shown to be the case in GH-deficient patients treated with hGH.
Removal of Arsenite and Arsenate Using Hydrous Ferric Oxide Incorporated into Naturally Occurring Porous Diatomite (2006)

In this study, a simplified and effective method was tried to immobilize iron oxide onto a naturally occurring porous diatomite. Experimental results for several physicochemical properties and arsenic edges revealed that iron oxide incorporated into diatomite was amorphous hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). Sorption trends of Fe (25%)−diatomite for both arsenite and arsenate were similar to those of HFO, reported by Dixit and Hering (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 4182−4189). The pH at which arsenite and arsenate are equally sorbed was 7.5, which corresponds to the value reported for HFO. Judging from the number of moles of iron incorporated into diatomite, the arsenic sorption capacities of Fe (25%)−diatomite were comparable to or higher than those of the reference HFO. Furthermore, the surface complexation modeling showed that the constants of ⋮SHAsO4- or ⋮SAsO42- species for Fe (25%)−diatomite were larger than those reference values for HFO or goethite. Larger differences in constants of arsenate surface species might be attributed to aluminum hydroxyl (≡Al−OH) groups that can work better for arsenate removal. The pH-controlled differential column batch reactor (DCBR) and small-scale column tests demonstrated that Fe (25%)−diatomite had high sorption speeds and high sorption capacities compared to those of a conventional sorbent (AAFS-50) that is known to be the first preference for arsenic removal performance in Bangladesh. These results could be explained by the fact that Fe (25%)−diatomite contained well-dispersed HFO having a great affinity for arsenic species and well-developed macropores as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pore size distribution (PSD) analyses.
Visible Light Affects Chemiluminescence of Carp <i>(Cyprinus carpio)</i> Blood Leukocytes (2004)

These data show the inhibitory effect of visible light irradiation on blood leukocyte CL response in fish. These results suggest the prevention of host hyper-response which may occur under natural conditions of fish life. An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of illuminated carp blood cells reveals the formation of Ascorbate free radicals (AFR) that may explain the decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration following irradiation.
Talk-in-interaction in the community pharmacy setting: a conversation analytic approach (2001)

Abstract Focal points
Mechanical properties and cell cultural response of polycaprolactone scaffolds designed and fabricated via fused deposition modeling (2001)

A number of different processing techniques have been developed to design and fabricate three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications. The imperfection of the current techniques has encouraged the use of a rapid prototyping technology known as fused deposition modeling (FDM). Our results show that FDM allows the design and fabrication of highly reproducible bioresorbable 3D scaffolds with a fully interconnected pore network. The mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility of polycaprolactone scaffolds with a porosity of 61 +/- 1% and two matrix architectures were studied. The honeycomb-like pores had a size falling within the range of 360 x 430 x 620 microm. The scaffolds with a 0/60/120 degrees lay-down pattern had a compressive stiffness and a 1% offset yield strength in air of 41.9 +/- 3.5 and 3.1 +/- 0.1 MPa, respectively, and a compressive stiffness and a 1% offset yield strength in simulated physiological conditions (a saline solution at 37 degrees C) of 29.4 +/- 4.0 and 2.3 +/- 0.2 MPa, respectively. In comparison, the scaffolds with a 0/72/144/36/108 degrees lay-down pattern had a compressive stiffness and a 1% offset yield strength in air of 20.2 +/- 1.7 and 2.4 +/- 0.1 MPa, respectively, and a compressive stiffness and a 1% offset yield strength in simulated physiological conditions (a saline solution at 37 degrees C) of 21.5 +/- 2.9 and 2.0 +/- 0.2 MPa, respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed that the five-angle scaffolds had significantly lower stiffness and 1% offset yield strengths under compression loading than those with a three-angle pattern under both testing conditions (p < or = 0.05). The obtained stress-strain curves for both scaffold architectures demonstrate the typical behavior of a honeycomb structure undergoing deformation. In vitro studies were conducted with primary human fibroblasts and periosteal cells. Light, environmental scanning electron, and confocal laser microscopy as well as immunohistochemistry showed cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production on the polycaprolactone surface in the 1st culturing week. Over a period of 3-4 weeks in a culture, the fully interconnected scaffold architecture was completely 3D-filled by cellular tissue. Our cell culture study shows that fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells can proliferate, differentiate, and produce a cellular tissue in an entirely interconnected 3D polycaprolactone matrix.
The use of a square array scheme in blood testing (1994)

When testing blood samples for the presence of disease, considerable efficiencies may be achieved by pooling samples and testing them as a batch. It is shown that placing the samples in a square array and pooling rows and columns has substantial advantages, particularly in the reduction of false negatives. The commonly used 8 x 12 array is also considered.
A CMOS current-mode operational amplifier (1993)

A fully differential-input, differential-output, current-mode operational amplifier (COA) is described. The amplifier utilizes three second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) as the basic building blocks. It can be configured to provide either a constant gain-bandwidth product in a fully balanced current-mode feedback amplifier or a constant bandwidth in a transimpedance feedback amplifier. The amplifier is found to have a gain-bandwidth product of 3 MHz, an offset current of 0.8 mu A (signal range +or-700 mu A), and a (theoretically) unlimited slew rate. The amplifier is realized in a standard CMOS 2.4- mu m process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Construction of a multipolar needle electrode for activation study of the heart (1977)

The study of transmural activation of the intact heart requires placement of multipolar needle electrodes through the wall of the beating heart. This report describes a method developed for constructing lightweight multipolar needles with 10-30 leads mounted 1 mm apart. The electrodes are constructed from readily available materials and no special equipment is required. The electrodes are well suited to the intraoperative mapping studies required to surgically correct arrhythmias.