gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic Interdependence and Peace: A Game-Theoretic Analysis (2007)

Most of the contemporary policy debate regarding economic interdependence and peace has focused on devising responses either in favor of or in opposition to the prevailing notion that trade is positively and unconditionally correlated with peace. The China and Taiwan case—noteworthy for the simultaneous presence of an ever-increasing economic interdependence and an adversarial political relationship—provides an interesting counterexample to the leading positions in the literature. What is missing in the literature is a model that studies states' decisions to trade and initiate conflict as a function not only of their own utility but also of their perceptions about how their opponent will respond. States' decisions to trade depend on the likelihood that their prospective trade partner will initiate a conflict, and decisions to initiate a conflict depend on perceptions of the likelihood that the target will concede. In this article, the authors develop a model that expands the domain of the trade-peace analysis by endogenizing and analyzing states' decisions to trade and initiate conflicts.
Gene and gene-product variation in the apolipoprotein A-I/C-III/A-IV cluster in the Dogrib Indians of the Northwest Territories. (1989)

The Dogrib, an Amerindian tribe residing in the Northwest Territories of Canada, were typed for DNA and protein polymorphism at the apolipoprotein A-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster. Variation was seen at three previously described RFLPs detected with the enzymes SstI, PstI, and XmnI, though frequencies of these polymorphisms differ significantly from those reported in other populations. They exhibit no variation at two previously reported PvuII sites. No variation was seen in the APO A-I or APO A-IV gene products, with the Dogrib showing the most common isoelectric-focusing/immunoblot patterns of other world populations. Haplotype frequencies computed from inferred haplotypes and by maximum likelihood estimation did not differ significantly. The extent of nonrandom association of these sites is highly significant (P less than .00001), though pairwise analysis shows significance between the SstI and XmnI sites only. Levels of fasting triglyceride and fasting total cholesterol were determined for each individual. Analysis of covariance shows that fasting triglyceride levels in women vary significantly with the XmnI genotype. These results suggest that genetic variation at the APO A-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster may be a useful tool for the study of quantitative lipoprotein variation in the Dogrib.
2, 3-Dicyanohydroquinone Derivative Liquid Crystals Having Strong Negative Dielectric Anistropy (1983)

Abstract Three groups of liquid crystalline derivatives of 2,3-dicyanohydroquinone were synthesized. The dielectric anisotropy values, δε's, for these compounds were estimated to be around −20 by extrapolation. Some basic evaluations of these compounds, in view of their application as component materials for the practically usable nematic mixtures of highly negative δε, were made using their solution in a substituted phenyl cyclohexanecarboxylate nematic mixture; δ ε. viscosity, dichroic ratio of dyes, driving voltages, and response times, are described in relation to their molecular length. By use of several selected members of these compounds in summe of about 20 wt% in low viscosity base nematics, one can make practical nematic compositions having δε of −5 and viscosity of 40 cp at 20°. The guest-host display device can be driven with 3 volts at acceptable response times of 100-200 milliseconds at room temperatures, to give positive color contrast, i. e. colored in on-state.
Example-based character drawing (1992)

The two fields of computer graphics and artificial intelligence have both shown significant advances in the past decade. This thesis presents a research system which combines both fields, creating a novel type of drawing program capable of custom generating new images at the user&apos;s request. The system, Xspace, must first be &quot;trained &quot; by storing images into an example-base. A learning module (a Radial Basis Function) analyzes the example-base and computes a &quot;drawing function&quot;. This drawing function is controlled by the user who can then use it to generate new images, in a style similar to the example images. If the example-base contains drawings of cubes, then Xspace will output new drawings of cubes. If the example-base contains drawings of cats, Xspace will output new drawings of cats. For this thesis, we concentrate primarily on example-bases of character drawings, such as Garfield or Mickey Mouse. The research presented here contributes to both the computer graphics and the artificial intelligence fields by demonstrating that the two separate disciplines can
The Dynamics of Clattering II: Global Results and Shock Protection (1998)

The study of “clattering” motion, that occurs when flat objects strike the ground at an oblique angle, is continued. Previously derived equations of motion are solved for values of several clattering quantities (like total number of impacts, maximum velocity jumps in the sequence, time-durations, etc.) for any value of system parameters and initial conditions. The plotted results are examined for their relevance to shock protection. To improve the drop-tolerance of portable products, it is advised that fragile components be located close to the center of mass of the product; that the product be given a low radius of gyration by placing the heavier components, and perhaps even superfluous mass, toward the middle; and that any hard casing be designed (in terms of material and structure) to minimize its effective coefficient of restitution.
Generation of radially polarized optical beam mode by laser oscillation (1972)

The first experimental demonstration of the generation of a radially polarized optical beam mode by laser oscillation is reported. In the experiment, a new type of discharge tube having the optical windows perpendicular to the optic axis is used, and a newly designed conical mode selector is inserted in the optical resonator.
An Algorithm for Evaluating the Area of the Overlap or the Union of Polygons (2007)

An algorithm for evaluating the intersection or union area of polygons can be implemented by polygon clipping.The main idea in this paper is using polygon lists in Weiler-Atherton's algorithm for polygon clipping.While traversing the list,the algorithm changes direction when it meets the intersection points,then the point-sets of the union of polygons can be obtained.On the other hand,if the algorithm starts traversing from an entry point and changes direction when it meets the points of intersection,the point-sets of the overlap can be obtained. Finally,with the two lists we can evaluate their area.The algorithm can handle general polygons including concave polygons and even polygons with holes inside.
Upregulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor at the blood-brain barrier: intercommunications between brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes. (1994)

In contrast to the endothelial cells in large vessels where LDL receptors are downregulated, brain capillary endothelial cells in vivo express an LDL receptor. Using a cell culture model of the blood-brain barrier consisting of a coculture of brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes, we observed that the capacity of endothelial cells to bind LDL is enhanced threefold when cocultured with astrocytes. We next investigated the ability of astrocytes to modulate endothelial cell LDL receptor expression. We have shown that the lipid requirement of astrocytes increases the expression of endothelial cell LDL receptors. Experiments with dialysis membranes of different pore size showed that this effect is mediated by a soluble factor(s) with relative molecular mass somewhere between 3,500 and 14,000. Substituting astrocytes with smooth muscle cells or brain endothelium with endothelium from the aorta or the adrenal cortex did not enhance the luminal LDL receptor expression on endothelial cells, demonstrating the specificity of the interactions. This factor(s) is exclusively secreted by astrocytes cocultured with brain capillary endothelial cells, but it also upregulates the LDL receptor on other cell types. This study confirms the notion that the final fine tuning of cell differentiation is under local control.
<title>Application of new actuator and vision control systems for micro-electro-discharge machining</title> (1998)

Intensive research in the development of Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) has led to highly sophisticated EDM machines suited for conventional precision engineering purposes as well as for microcomponent fabrication. Recently, increased attention has been paid to the exploration of Micro-EDM ((mu) -EDM). It could be shown that within EDM applications especially the electrodes quality, its handling and the adjustment procedures determine the accuracy of the machined product. This paper describes various electrode fabrication methods and further introduces the development of an actuator for (mu) -EDM. Driven by piezoelements it provides 3D vibrations of electrode or workpiece which enhances EDM- process performance significantly. Furthermore, the first steps integrating a vision control system into an EDM- machine are described. Problems, occurred hereby, are stated and analyzed. The demonstration of several (mu) -EDM applications accompanies the technical information and shows the extensive possibilities of the technology.
Amino Acids and Peptides. L. Development of a Novel N.PI.-Protecting Group for Histidine, N.PI.-2-Adamantyloxymethylhistidine, and Its Application to Peptide Synthesis. (1997)

Nα-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-Nπ-2-adamantyloxymethylhistidine, Boc-His(Nπ-2-Adom)-OH, was prepared by the reaction of Boc-His (Nτ-Boc)-OMe with 2-adamantyloxymethyl chloride (2-Adom-Cl), followed by saponification. The 2-Adom group was stable to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 1 N NaOH and 20% piperidine/DMF and easily removed by 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole/TFA and HF. This new protecting group suppressed recemization during peptide synthesis and exhibited high solubility in organic solvents. It was applied to the synthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) using both solution and solid-phase methods. The Nπ-2-Adom group can be used for peptide synthesis in combination with the tert-butyloxycarbonyl group as the Nd-protecting group in both solution and solid-phase methods.
REVIEWS (1919)

REVIEWS Get access The Origin of the Doctrine of the Trinity: A popular exposition, by RENDEL HARRIS. ( Longmans, Green & Co., Manchester University Press, 1919.) J. F. B-B J. F. B-B Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XXI, Issue 4, October 1919, Pages 85–94, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XXI.4.85 Published: 01 October 1919
Loss-imbalance equalisation of arrayed-waveguidegratingadd-drop multiplexer (1994)

Loss imbalance in an (N–1)-channel arrayed-waveguide grating add-drop multiplexer is equalised by optimising the offset of the loop-back optical-path connections. The largest loss-difference among 15 wavelength channels is successfully reduced from 5.0 dB to 1.5 dB when the loop-back paths connect the output ports to the N/2-shifted input ports of a silica-based N × N multiplexer (N = 16).
Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of variety of Tagetes erecta L. flowers growing in Bulgaria (2012)

Summary. Marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.) is well known for its antimicrobial, antiseptic, wound and ulcer healing, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties, and it has a long history of being used as an herbal remedy. T. erecta L. produces a variety of substances that possess pharmacological effects and antioxidant activity. The present study was therefore aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of T. erecta L. flowers, cultivated in Bulgaria. Radical scavenging potential was determined using two different in vitro assays. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. The ethyl acetate fraction of T. erecta L. ethanol extract was found to be the most effective in both assays, DPPH (IC 50 4.3±0.4 μg/ml) and ABTS (0.8±0.2 TEAC). The greatest total phenolic content was detected in EtOAc fraction from EtOH extract (517.8 mg/g GAE). It was obtained high quantity of ascorbate and ascorbate/dehydroascorbate ratio more than 1. The quantity of glutathione reduced is low and glutathione reduced/glutathione oxidized ratio was lower than 1. A correlation between radical scavenging capacities of samples with total phenolic compound content was observed. The present study revealed that the EtOAc fraction effectively show the best ability to scavenge the free radicals. Industrial relevance . Herbal medicines have gained increasing attention worldwide for the treatment of chronic diseases because of their effectiveness and small side effects as compared to synthetic drugs.Recently, an attention has been directed toward the antioxidant phytochemicals which have proved as protective against cardiovascular diseases and cancer, associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The present investigations focus has been to discover plant extracts and fractions from T. erecta useful to prevent chronic degenerative diseases, especially those mediated by free radicals damages. The great antioxidant activity indicates the potential of the extracts as a source of natural antioxidants or nutraceuticals with possible application to reduce oxidative stress with consequent health benefits. Keywords. Tagetes erecta L.; in vitro antioxidant activity; free radical scavenging potential; phenols; flavonoids; ascorbate, glutathione.
Antiangiogenic Eye Gene Therapy (2015)

The idea of treating disease in humans with genetic material was conceived over two decades ago and with that a promising journey involving development and efficacy studies in cells and animals of a large number of novel therapeutic reagents unfolded. In the footsteps of this process, successful gene therapy treatment of genetic conditions in humans has shown clear signs of efficacy. Notably, significant advancements using gene supplementation and silencing strategies have been made in the field of ocular gene therapy, thereby pinpointing ocular gene therapy as one of the compelling "actors" bringing gene therapy to the clinic. Most of all, this success has been facilitated because of (1) the fact that the eye is an effortlessly accessible, exceedingly compartmentalized, and immune-privileged organ offering a unique advantage as a gene therapy target, and (2) significant progress toward efficient, sustained transduction of cells within the retina having been achieved using nonintegrating vectors based on recombinant adeno-associated virus and nonintegrating lentivirus vectors. The results from in vivo experiments and trials suggest that treatment of inherited retinal dystrophies, ocular angiogenesis, and inflammation with gene therapy can be both safe and effective. Here, the progress of ocular gene therapy is examined with special emphasis on the potential use of RNAi- and protein-based antiangiogenic gene therapy to treat exudative age-related macular degeneration.
New chemical alternatives for the protection of stratospheric ozone. Final report, August 1988-December 1991 (1995)

The report gives results of a study that focused on the investigation of fluorinated derivatives of propane and butane to determine if synthesis routes of such compounds were feasible and economical, and to measure the physical properties needed to evaluate the compounds as alternatives to stratospheric ozone depleters that are to be phased out of production by developed countries in a step-wise progression over the period 1996 to 2030. This work resulted in the investigation of 25 compounds including 15 hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 9 hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and 1 hydrofluoroether (HFE). Several of the compounds studied had not been previously synthesized and, for many of those which had been reported in the literature, this study resulted in improved synthesis methods. This study, in addition to the synthesis effort, resulted in a sizeable body of thermophysical property data for each chemical.
Automatic translation of OSI managed object classes to C/sup ++/ classes (1994)

The paper proposes an algorithm for the translation of textual network management model specifications given in GDMO (Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects) to an implementable program and schema specifications in C/sup ++/ Implementation issues of the algorithm are discussed, and a method to integrate the tool in an OSI management environment is proposed. First, the author gives an introduction to the OSI management model and to the GDMO specification language. Next, the needs of an automatic GDMO to C/sup ++/ translation are given. Then, the author gives the details of the translation algorithm, and discusses its implementation issues. And finally, the limitations of the tool and problems encountered are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protamine sulfate down-regulates thrombin generation by inhibiting factor V activation (2009)

Protamine sulfate is a positively charged polypeptide widely used to reverse heparin-induced anticoagulation. Paradoxically, prospective randomized trials have shown that protamine administration for heparin neutralization is associated with increased bleeding, particularly after cardiothoracic surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The molecular mechanism(s) through which protamine mediates this anticoagulant effect has not been defined. In vivo administration of pharmacologic doses of protamine to BALB/c mice significantly reduced plasma thrombin generation and prolonged tail-bleeding time (from 120 to 199 seconds). Similarly, in pooled normal human plasma, protamine caused significant dose-dependent prolongations of both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Protamine also markedly attenuated tissue factor-initiated thrombin generation in human plasma, causing a significant decrease in endogenous thrombin potential (41% +/- 7%). As expected, low-dose protamine effectively reversed the anticoagulant activity of unfractionated heparin in plasma. However, elevated protamine concentrations were associated with progressive dose-dependent reduction in thrombin generation. To assess the mechanism by which protamine mediates down-regulation of thrombin generation, the effect of protamine on factor V activation was assessed. Protamine was found to significantly reduce the rate of factor V activation by both thrombin and factor Xa. Protamine mediates its anticoagulant activity in plasma by down-regulation of thrombin generation via a novel mechanism, specifically inhibition of factor V activation.
Prevention of Abdominal Adhesions – Present State and What’s beyond the Horizon? (2007)

Intra-abdominal adhesions are normally found after most surgical procedures. Many of the adhesions are asymptomatic, but in about 5% they will lead to readmission due to adhesion-related disorders, such as small bowel obstruction, pelvic pain and infertility. This review discusses possible ways to prevent abdominal adhesions and provides an update as comes to where we stand today in research regarding experimental and clinical use of various antiadhesive agents.
Ferrous ion-EDTA-stimulated phospholipid peroxidation. A reaction changing from alkoxyl-radical- to hydroxyl-radical-dependent initiation (1984)

The stimulatory effect of ferrous salts on the peroxidation of phospholipids can be enhanced by EDTA when the concentration of Fe2+ in the reaction is greater than that of EDTA. Hydroxyl-radical scavengers do not inhibit peroxidation until the concentrations of Fe2+ and EDTA in the reaction are equal. Lipid peroxidation is then substantially initiated by hydroxyl radicals derived from a Fenton-type reaction requiring hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide radicals appear to play some role in the formation of initiating species.
An Evaluation of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for use in Streaming Media Applications (2006)

This draft reviews requirements and evaluates solutions to improve the
integration of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261] to the
Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP and RTSP v2) [RFC 2326 and IDRTSP]
especially in the context of converged media services. The document
develops a rationale and solution space for using SIP with streaming
media applications. This is done by first considering use cases that
are used to define generic requirements to help compare the current
and potentially new solutions. The range of solutions is sketched out
(at high-level) and advantages and disadvantages discussed. The
solutions evaluated address different levels of integration from SIP-
only approaches to dual-protocol solutions.
THE STABILITY OF SOME COMPLEXES OF TRIVALENT COPPER (1953)

New methods are given for the preparation of sodium copper (111) tellurate, Na 9 Cu(TeO 6 ) 2 .16H 2 O, and sodium copper (111) periodate, Na 7 Cu(IO 6 ) 2 .20H 2 O, previously reported by Malatesta. Additional analytical evidence is presented that these are really compounds of trivalent copper. The dissociation of the ions in alkaline aqueous solution was examined through the ability of the uncomplexed copper to catalyze the decomposition of sodium hypochlorite. Evidence is presented that the uncomplexed copper ion is Cu(OH) 4 − , and this gives both a 1-1 and a 1-2 complex with both tellurate and periodate. The 1-2 complexes appear to be Cu(HTeO 6 ) 2 −7 and Cu(IO 6 ) 2 −7 respectively; the 1-1 complexes are less stable. The equilibrium constants for the reversible dissociation of these ions into their simpler constituents in aqueous solution at 40 °C. are as follows: tellurate, 1-1 complex K 1 = 1.8 × 10 −6 ; 1-2 complex K 2 = 1.1 × 10 −11 ; periodate, 1-1 complex K 1 = 3.4 × 10 −5 ; 1-2 complex is K 2 = 8.0 × 10 −11 . The smaller the constant the more stable the complex ion. In the case of the tellurate complex K 2 is proportional to the square of the hydroxide ion concentration and these values are for 0.400 M sodium hydroxide; with periodate K 2 is independent of the hydroxide concentration. Experiments at various temperatures give 20 kcal. as the heat of the reaction forming the 1-2 tellurate complex from the simple ions, and 71/2 kcal. for the 1-2 periodate complex. The stannate, stibnate, and selenate ions showed no signs of forming analogous compounds.
Clinical evaluation of left heart function by conductance catheter technique (1992)

Methods to obtain pressure-volume loops in humans and their application to clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease are discussed. The method employs a conductance catheter, micromanometer, and inferior vena caval balloon occluder to reversibly and rapidly vary venous return. Multiple cardiac cycles measured during this manoeuvre are used to derive a variety of systolic and diastolic function indices, as well as estimates of vascular loading, and cardiac energetics. Strengths and weaknesses of the method as well as pressure-volume indexes themselves are briefly discussed. Lastly, three clinical examples are presented which serve to demonstrate how pressure-volume analysis can provide useful clinical information regarding diagnosis and/or treatment in subjects with heart failure symptoms.
Reactifs Hydrosolubles DE tert-Butoxycarbonylation D1′ amines. II.<sup>1</sup>Sels Stables DE tert-Butoxycarbonyl-1 Alkyl-3 Imidazolium (1973)

Abstract Les dérivés acylés d'amines tertiaires sont des espèces très réactives mais très instables. L'utilisation de certains hétérocycles azotés tels que les N-alkyl imidazoles permet une délocalisation de la charge positive et augmente considérablement la stabilité des acyl-ammoniums.3,4