gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consecuencias económicas del uso de aguas contaminadas en la producción de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) (1988)

Conocidas las virtudes y limitacioens del modelo de Función de Producción Cobb-Douglas se aplicó a la información procedente de agricultores de San Antonio de Belén (Heredia) y San Rafael de Alajuela (Bosque Húmedo Premontano); zona altamente productora de hortalizas pero que en verano usan para el riego, agua contaminada, procedente del Río Bermúdez y Quebrada Seca, afluentes del Río Grande de Tárcoles. Estos ríos recogen contaminantes provenientes del área metropolitana del país. Para el análisis comparativo de sin agua contaminada y con agua contaminada, se tomó como variable dependiente el Valor Bruto de la producción del Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) y como variables independientes aquellos elementos de costo variable sensibles al hecho de usar aguas contaminadas en la producción agrícola en el verano (Diciembre-abril) de 1982-1983. \nDel análisis comparativo se desprende que al usar agua contaminada el valor de la producción bruta disminuye en 14% respecto a la producción con agua limpia. Al producir con agua contaminada, gastos adicionales en semillas, plaguicidas, fertilizantes, combustible, equipo de riego no mejora el valor bruto de la producción. Ello sugiere poca eficiencia en la estructura productiva imperante y que el problema de usar aguas contaminadas todavía no es de gran magnitud. \nEl efecto detrimental de trabajar con aguas contaminadas no puede resolverse única y exclusivamente por los agricultores afectados. La responsabilidad social de los agentes contaminantes foráneos a la unidad productiva es evidente. El esfuerzo de contaminar menos debe hacerse aún a costo de disminuir rentabilidad de las actividades productivas y las utilidades del acto de consumo.
The Instruments of Nuclear Medicine: I (1972)

The light flash, or scintillation, that occurs in a sensitive material when its electrons are excited by incoming radiation can be detected, multiplied, translated into electrical pulses, selected for energy values, and recorded—thereby providing an image of the distribution of radioactivity in the organ or tissue into which a tracer has been introduced. The techniques by which this goal is reached are detailed.
A Kalman-Filter Spectral Envelope Preprocessor (2007)

This paper presents a Kalman-filter approach for computing spectral envelopes of current waveforms for nonintrusive load monitoring on the electric utility. Spectral envelopes represent time-varying frequency content and phase of the current relative to the voltage. Thus, the techniques presented in this paper may be applicable to a variety of lock-in measurement and signal processing techniques. The lock-in and computational performance of the proposed method favorably compares to previous efforts. The performance is demonstrated with data from the field.
The Immunomodulatory Role of Syncytiotrophoblast Microvesicles (2011)

Immune adaptation is a critical component of successful pregnancy. Of primary importance is the modification of cytokine production upon immune activation. With the discovery that normal pregnancy itself is a pro-inflammatory state, it was recognised that the classical Th1/Th2 cytokine paradigm, with a shift towards 'type 2' cytokine production (important for antibody production), and away from 'type 1' immunity (associated with cell mediated immunity and graft rejection), is too simplistic. It is now generally agreed that both arms of cytokine immunity are activated, but with a bias towards 'type 2' immunity. Many factors are released from the placenta that can influence the maternal cytokine balance. Here we focus on syncytiotrophoblast microvesicles (STBM) which are shed from the placenta into the maternal circulation. We show that STBM can bind to monocytes and B cells and induce cytokine release (TNFα, MIP-1α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8). Other cytokines are down-modulated, such as IP-10 which is associated with 'type 1' immunity. Therefore STBM may aid the 'type 2' skewed nature of normal pregnancy. We also observed that PBMC from third trimester normal pregnant women produce more TNFα and IL-6 in response to STBM than PBMC from non-pregnant women, confirming that maternal immune cells are primed by pregnancy, possibly through their interaction with STBM.
Observations on the Effect of Various Folic Acid Antagonists on Acute Leukemia (1951)

Abstract 1. Seventy patients with acute leukemia were treated with various folic acid antagonists. Sixty-five survived for a sufficient length of time to evaluate the effect of the therapeutic agents. Types of leukemia observed included 38 cases of acute lymphatic leukemia, 23 patients with acute monocytic leukemia and 4 with the acute myelogenous type of leukemia. 2. The best results, both clinically and hematologically, were obtained in acute lymphatic leukemia. Although the most satisfactory results were observed in the youngest age group, excellent remissions were produced in older individuals. Of 65 cases observed, an excellent clinical and hematologic remission was observed in 11 patients, a partial emission in 19 subjects, and no response in 35 individuals. 3. When a response occurred, a rater definite hematologic pattern was noted. An increased platelet count in most instances was the first evidence of regeneration and occurred in about the third or fourth week. The neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes began to regenerate at about the same time and an increase in their number was followed by a rise in the erythrocyte count. 4. Observations of the bone marrow indicated that although excellent clinical and hematologic remissions might occur, primitive leukemic cells were still present. In some instances megaloblasts were observed in addition to a peripheral macrocytosis and anisocytosis of erythrocytes. 5. Toxic manifestations were common. These included glossitis, ulceration of the oral cavity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and alopecia. In one instance there was ulceration of the entire gastro-intestinal tract, including the esophagus and colon. Hematologic toxic reactions included thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and anemia. Aplasia of marrow tissue was observed in 1 instance. In many instances the margin of safety between a toxic reaction and death was indeed small. 6. It should be emphasized that in no instance has a cure of leukemia resulted from treatment with a folic acid antagonist although prolonged remissions have occurred.
Tumor necrosis factor and soluble interleukin-2 receptor: two immunological biomarkers in female neoplasms. (1992)

In this study we have evaluated two new immunological parameters, soluble IL-2 receptor (s IL-2 R) and TNF, in 119 patients with female solid neoplasms (47 ovarian and 72 breast cancer). Our data demonstrate that both these markers have mean serum levels in cancer patients higher than in normal population, particularly in ovarian cases. Also the overall positivities were higher in ovarian (68%) than in breast cancer (51%). Finally we observed no relevant differences according to the status of disease in both groups of cancer patients. These preliminary results could suggest the possible usefulness of an immunological monitoring in cancer patients, above all when an immunotherapy with biological responder modifiers is proposed.
The Chemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride. IX. Reaction with Amino Acids in Hydrogen Fluoride<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride. IX. Reaction with Amino Acids in Hydrogen Fluoride1MAYNARD S. RAASCHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 4, 1406–1409Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01051a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01051a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views820Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cross-Technology WiFi/ZigBee Communications: Dealing With Channel Insertions and Deletions (2016)

In this letter, we show how cross-technology interference can be exploited to set up a low-rate bidirectional communication channel between heterogeneous WiFi and ZigBee networks. Because of the environment noise and receivers' implementation, the cross-technology channel can be severely affected by insertions and deletions of symbols, whose effects need to be taken into account by the coding scheme and communication protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF CARBAPENEM ANTIBIOTICS. STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF A POTENTIAL INTERMEDIATE FOR 6‐AMIDOCARBAPENEM ANTIBIOTICS (1984)

Abstract Aus dem bekannten Azetidinon (I) wird die Diazoverbindung (II) hergestellt, die bei der Photolyse über eine Carbenzwischenstufe den Bicyclus (III) als 1:1‐Diastereomerengemisch ergibt.
Identification of salivary mucin MUC7 binding proteins from Streptococcus gordonii (2009)

Our data demonstrated that S. gordonii expressed a number of putative MUC7 recognizing proteins and these contribute to MUC7 mucin binding of this streptococcal strain.
A Sparse Factor Analytic Probit Model for Congressional Voting Patterns (2012)

Summary The paper adapts sparse factor models for exploring covariation in multivariate binary data, with an application to measuring latent factors in US Congressional roll-call voting patterns. This straightforward modification provides two advantages over traditional factor analysis of binary data. First, a sparsity prior can be used to assess the evidence that a given factor loading may be exactly 0, realizing a principled unification of exploratory and confirmatory factory analysis. Second, incorporating sparsity into existing factor analytic probit models effects a favourable bias–variance trade-off in estimating the covariance matrix of the multivariate Gaussian latent variables. Posterior summaries from this model applied to the roll-call data provide novel metrics of partisanship of a given Senate.
Binding and Transport in Norepinephrine Transporters (2003)

Monoamine transporters, the molecular targets for drugs of abuse and antidepressants, clear norepinephrine, dopamine, or serotonin from the synaptic cleft. Neurotransmitters, amphetamines, and neurotoxins bind before being transported, whereas cocaine and antidepressants bind to block transport. Although binding is crucial to transport, few assays separate binding from transport, nor do they provide adequate temporal or spatial resolution to describe real-time kinetics or localize sites of active uptake. Here, we report a new method that distinguishes substrate binding from substrate transport using single-cell, space-resolved, real-time fluorescence microscopy. For these studies we use a fluorescent analogue of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a neurotoxic metabolite and known substrate of monoamine transporters, to assess binding and transport with 50-ms, sub-micron resolution. We show that ASP(+) (4-(4-(dimethylamino)styrl)-N-methylpyridinium) has micromolar potency for the human norepinephrine transporter, that ASP(+) accumulation is Na(+)-, Cl(-)-, cocaine-, and desipramine-sensitive and temperature-dependent, and that ASP(+) competes with norepinephrine uptake. Using this method we demonstrate that norepinephrine transporters are efficient buffers for substrate, with binding rates exceeding transport rates by 100-fold. Furthermore, substrates bind deep within the transporter, isolated from both the bath and the lipid bilayer. Although transport per se depends on Na(+) and Cl(-), binding is independent of Na(+) and actually increases in low Cl(-). We further demonstrate that ASP(+) interacts with transporters not only in transfected cells but in cultured neurons. ASP(+) is also a substrate for dopamine and serotonin transporters and therefore represents a powerful new technique for studying the biophysical properties of monoamine transporters, an approach also amenable to high throughput assays for drug discovery.
Arterial-ventricular coupling: mechanistic insights into cardiovascular performance at rest and during exercise (2008)

Understanding the performance of the left ventricle (LV) requires not only examining the properties of the LV itself, but also investigating the modulating effects of the arterial system on left ventricular performance. The interaction of the LV with the arterial system, termed arterial-ventricular coupling (E(A)/E(LV)), is a central determinant of cardiovascular performance and cardiac energetics. E(A)/E(LV) can be indexed by the ratio of effective arterial elastance (E(A); a measure of the net arterial load exerted on the left ventricle) to left ventricular end-systolic elastance (E(LV); a load-independent measure of left ventricular chamber performance). At rest, in healthy individuals, E(A)/E(LV) is maintained within a narrow range, which allows the cardiovascular system to optimize energetic efficiency at the expense of mechanical efficacy. During exercise, an acute mismatch between the arterial and ventricular systems occurs, due to a disproportionate increase in E(LV) (from an average of 4.3 to 13.2, and 4.7 to 15.5 mmHg.ml(-1).m(-2) in men and women, respectively) vs. E(A) (from an average of 2.3 to 3.2, and 2.3 to 2.9 mmHg.ml(-1).m(-2) in men and women, respectively), to ensure that sufficient cardiac performance is achieved to meet the increased energetic requirements of the body. As a result E(A)/E(LV) decreases from an average of 0.58 to 0.34, and 0.52 to 0.27 in men and women, respectively. In this review, we provide an overview of the concept of E(A)/E(LV), and examine the effects of age, hypertension, and heart failure on E(A)/E(LV) and its components (E(A) and E(LV)) in men and women. We discuss these effects both at rest and during exercise and highlight the mechanistic insights that can be derived from studying E(A)/E(LV).
<title>EAP as multifunctional and biomimetic materials</title> (1999)

Polyconjugated and electroactive materials are, when used for electrochemical devices, soft, wet and complex materials. Polymeric chains, water and inorganic ions are the main constituents, mimicking the composition of those organs constituents of the living creatures. During reverse electrochemical reactions, those electroactive polymers change, under control of the consumed charge: volume, color, stored charge, composition, porosity, etc. Those changes allow the design of devices such as artificial muscles, smart skins, electric organs, nervous interfaces, smart medical dosage, smart membranes, all of them working under electrochemical control. This multifunctionality will be reviewed.
Mechanism of the Photoinduced Refractive Index Increase in Polymethyl Methacrylate (1974)

Polymethyl methacrylate prepared under special circumstances exhibits a substantial increase in refractive index after irradiation with uv light. The essential step in the preparation is peroxidation of the monomer prior to polymerization. This increase in refractive index results from a photoinduced polymerization of unreacted monomer (1–2%) within the film which produces an increase in density (and hence refractive index) in the irradiated region. It is believed that peroxides, both polymeric and monomeric, act as photoinitiators. Sensitivity depends on the concentration of photoinitiator, but the absolute value of Δn depends on the amount of unreacted monomer.
Recombinant Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59 from Cloned, Full-Length cDNA Replicates to High Titers In Vitro and Is Fully Pathogenic In Vivo (2005)

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is the prototype of group II coronaviruses and one of the most extensively studied coronaviruses. Here, we describe a reverse genetic system for MHV (strain A59) based upon the cloning of a full-length genomic cDNA in vaccinia virus. We show that the recombinant virus generated from cloned cDNA replicates to the same titers as the parental virus in cell culture ( approximately 10(9) PFU/ml), has the same plaque morphology, and produces the same amounts and proportions of genomic and subgenomic mRNAs in virus-infected cells. In a mouse model of neurological infection, the recombinant and parental viruses are equally virulent, they replicate to the same titers in brain and liver, and they induce similar patterns of acute hepatitis, acute meningoencephalitis, and chronic demyelination. We also describe improvements in the use of the coronavirus reverse genetic system based on vaccinia virus cloning vectors. These modifications facilitate (i) the mutagenesis of cloned cDNA by using vaccinia virus-mediated homologous recombination and (ii) the rescue of recombinant coronaviruses by using a stable nucleocapsid protein-expressing cell line for the electroporation of infectious full-length genomes. Thus, our system represents a versatile and universal tool to study all aspects of MHV molecular biology and pathogenesis. We expect this system to provide valuable insights into the replication of group II coronaviruses that may lead to the development of novel strategies against coronavirus infections, including the related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
A teoria da perda da chance e sua (in)aplicação nos fatos ocorridos durante o regime de exceção brasileiro (2012)

EnglishThe study of Liability begins in the present work the obligations imposed by their own hands, directly from the debtor. With the rise of the Enlightenment and the liberal definition of an array of law, the right became obligatory. If there is damage, since this fact gives rise to an obligation to make reparation. The Theory of Loss of Chance appears in French law as a complement to the notion of responsibility in civil, considering the impossibility of carrying on an opportunity. For proper development of the theme, we used the deductive method and bibliographic queries. We conclude that, although, there is no legal provision in our statutes on the application of the theory of loss of chance, she happened to be worked by scholars and later worked in the Brazilian legal system, through the judicial function of the judiciary, which does not preclude its use in the future, the issues that occurred during the Brazilian dictatorship. portuguesO estudo da Responsabilidade Civil inicia-se no presente trabalho nas obrigacoes cobradas por maos proprias, diretamente do devedor. Com a ascensao do Iluminismo e a definicao de uma matriz liberal de Direito, tornou-se o direito obrigacional. Havendo o dano, tal fato ja da ensejo a uma obrigacao de reparacao. A Teoria da Perda da Chance surge no Direito Frances como um complemento da nocao da “responsabilidade” no âmbito civel, considerando-se a impossibilidade de exercicio de uma oportunidade. Para o devido desenvolvimento do tema proposto, foi utilizado o metodo dedutivo e de consultas bibliograficas. Conclui-se que, muito embora, nao exista previsao legal em nossos diplomas legais sobre a aplicacao da teoria da perda da chance, ela passou a ser trabalhada por doutrinadores e posteriormente, trabalhada no ordenamento juridico brasileiro, atraves da funcao jurisdicional do Poder Judiciario, o que nao impossibilita sua utilizacao futuramente, nas questoes ocorridas durante o regime ditatorial brasileiro.
Rate of Heat Release Prediction for Direct Injection Diesel Engines Based on Purely Mixing Controlled Combustion (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The subject of this paper is the discussion of a non-dimensional combustion model that relies on the concept of mixing controlled combustion (MCC Heat Release Rate) avoiding the detailed description of the individual mixture formation and fuel oxidation processes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For diffusion combustion in today's direct injection diesel engines it can be shown that the rate of heat release (ROHR) is controlled mainly by two items, i.e. the instantaneous fuel mass present in the cylinder charge and the local density of turbulent kinetic energy.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Both items can be derived from the injection process, the instantaneous fuel mass being the difference of fuel injected minus fuel burnt and the turbulent kinetic energy being produced mainly by the momentum of the fuel sprays. Following this strategy, the injection process is now understood as the most important controlling factor for the heat release rate.</div>
Prediction of Drug Absorption Using Multivariate Statistics (2000)

Literature data on compounds both well- and poorly-absorbed in humans were used to build a statistical pattern recognition model of passive intestinal absorption. Robust outlier detection was utilized to analyze the well-absorbed compounds, some of which were intermingled with the poorly-absorbed compounds in the model space. Outliers were identified as being actively transported. The descriptors chosen for inclusion in the model were PSA and AlogP98, based on consideration of the physical processes involved in membrane permeability and the interrelationships and redundancies between available descriptors. These descriptors are quite straightforward for a medicinal chemist to interpret, enhancing the utility of the model. Molecular weight, while often used in passive absorption models, was shown to be superfluous, as it is already a component of both PSA and AlogP98. Extensive validation of the model on hundreds of known orally delivered drugs, "drug-like" molecules, and Pharmacopeia, Inc. compounds, which had been assayed for Caco-2 cell permeability, demonstrated a good rate of successful predictions (74-92%, depending on the dataset and exact criterion used).
Copper(II)(3,5‐Diisopropylsalicylate)<sub>2</sub> Accelerates Recovery of B and T Cell Reactivity Following Irradiation (1987)

Copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 (Cu-DIPS), administered subcutaneously to mice at 80 mg/kg body weight, had marked radioprotective activity. Given 3 h before exposure to 8.0 Gy (800 rad) irradiation, Cu-DIPS increased the 42-day survival from 40% to 86%. Seven days after exposure to 8.0 Gy, there were severe reductions in spleen weight (73%) and cellularity (98%) in both Cu-DIPS- and vehicle-treated mice. Viable spleen cells collected 7 days after irradiation were totally unresponsive to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation regardless of Cu-DIPS or vehicle treatment, suggesting that Cu-DIPS did not prevent radiation-induced damage to mature lymphocytes. At 14 days, when Cu-DIPS-treated mice started to show improved survival over vehicle-treated mice, spleen weights and cellularity were 2.5- and 3.5-fold higher, respectively, in Cu-DIPS-treated mice. Treatment with Cu-DIPS not only enhanced splenic repopulation, but also accelerated the reappearance of both B and T cell reactivities. Spleen cell responsiveness to the B cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the T cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), regenerated significantly faster in Cu-DIPS-treated mice. Cu-DIPS also significantly accelerated the regeneration of T-dependent antibody induction. Based on these assays of immunocompetence, Cu-DIPS-treated mice had, on average, a seven-fold greater capacity to respond to immune stimulation than vehicle-treated mice 24 days after irradiation.