gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J, a functional homologue to the small heat shock proteins, by oxidative stress in ageing and age-related diseases (2006)

Clusterin/apolipoprotein J (CLU) gene has a nearly ubiquitous expression pattern in human tissues. The two main CLU protein isoforms in human cells include the conventional glycosylated secreted heterodimer (sCLU) and a truncated nuclear form (nCLU). CLU has been implicated in various physiological processes and in many severe physiological disturbance states including ageing, cancer progression, vascular damage, diabetes, kidney and neuron degeneration. Although unrelated in their etiology and clinical manifestation, these diseases represent states of increased oxidative stress, which in turn, promotes amorphous aggregation of target proteins, increased genomic instability and high rates of cellular death. Among the various properties attributed to CLU so far, those mostly investigated and invariably appreciated are its small heat shock proteins-like chaperone activity and its involvement in cell death regulation, which are both directly correlated to the main features of oxidant injury. Moreover, the presence of both a heat shock transcription factor-1 and an activator protein-1 element in the CLU gene promoter indicate that CLU gene can be an extremely sensitive biosensor to reactive oxygen species. This review emphasizes on CLU gene regulation by oxidative stress that is the common link between all pathological conditions where CLU has been implicated.
Iterative methods for linear and nonlinear equations (1996)

Preface How to Get the Software Part I. Linear Equations. 1. Basic Concepts and Stationary Iterative Methods 2. Conjugate Gradient Iteration 3. GMRES Iteration Part II. Nonlinear Equations. 4. Basic Concepts and Fixed Point Iteration 5. Newton's Method 6. Inexact Newton Methods 7. Broyden's Method 8. Global Convergence Bibliography Index.
Sequential test generation with reduced test clocks for partial scan designs (2002)

Partial scan design technique is often preferred to full scan because the use of smaller number of scan flip-flops leads to less performance degradation and less overhead. However, the number of clocks required to apply a test vector is proportional to the number of flip-flops in the scan path whenever scan is performed. This tends to increase the test application considerably. In this paper we presents an algorithm to generate a test with fewer test clocks for partial scan designs by using sequential test generation and scan strategies. The objective is to find a test that requires less test clocks while achieving high fault coverage. The algorithm, Test Application time Reduction for Partial scan design (TARP), is implemented and tested on a set of ISCAS sequential benchmark circuits. The algorithm produces a test with substantial reduction in the number of test clocks, compared to a test in which each test vector is associated with a scan operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A theoretical overview of model-based and correlation-based redatuming methods (2006)

Abstract We review the equations for correlation-based redatuming methods. A correlation-based redatuming method uses natural-phase information in the data to time shift the weighted traces so they appear to be generated by sources (or recorded by geophones) shifted to a new location. This compares to model-based redatuming, which effectively time shifts the traces using traveltimes computed from a prior velocity model. For wavefield redatuming, the daylight imaging, interferometric imaging, reverse-time acoustics (RTA), and virtual-source methods all require weighted correlation of the traces with one another, followed by summation over all sources (and sometimes receivers). These methods differ from one another by their choice of weights. The least-squares interferometry and virtual-source imaging methods are potentially the most powerful because they account for the limited source and receiver aperture of the recording geometry. Interferometry, on the other hand, has the flexibility to select imaging conditions that target almost any type of event. Stationary-phase principles lead to a Fermat-based redatuming method known as redatuming by a seminatural Green's function. No crosscorrelation is needed, so it is less expensive than the other methods. Finally, Fermat's principle can be used to redatum traveltimes.
Haemophilus influenzae type b unsuspected bacteremia (1987)

To further define the clinical features and natural history of unsuspected Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteremia, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 322 Hib infections observed during a 45-month period at Children's Hospital, Boston. We identified 31 patients with unsuspected Hib bacteremia and 19 with unsuspected Hib antigenemia and sterile blood cultures. Bacteremic patients were typically under two years of age (81%), had high fevers (mean = 39.5 degrees C), and frequently had otitis media (65%) diagnosed as their only focus of infection at presentation. Nineteen of 31 were empirically treated with oral antibiotics. Ten of 31 (32%) developed focal infectious complications consisting of meningitis (n = 7), cellulitis (n = 2), and pneumonia (n = 1). Children with focal infectious complications differed from those without infectious complications in having a significantly higher mean fever of 40.3 degrees C compared to 39.7 degrees C (P less than 0.05). Five of 19 (26%) empirically treated patients developed focal complications (all meningitis) compared to five of 12 (42%) untreated patients. Blood cultures at follow-up visit were positive in three of 19 (9%) treated patients and seven of 12 (42%) untreated patients (P less than 0.05). Of the 19 children with antigenemia and sterile blood cultures, 16 (84%) were empirically treated with antibiotics, and none had positive blood cultures or focal infections on follow-up evaluation. Children with occult Hib bacteremia are at high risk for developing serious focal infections, particularly meningitis, despite empiric antibiotic therapy. Once Hib bacteremia is suspected, strong consideration should be given to parenteral in hospital antibiotic therapy. The utility of rapid antigen detection for identifying high-risk patients requires further evaluation.
Construction and functional analysis of fatty acid desaturase gene disruptants in Candida albicans (2006)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid (C18 : 2) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18 : 3), are major components of membranes. PUFAs are produced from monounsaturated fatty acids by several fatty acid desaturases (FADs) in many fungi, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and humans do not have these enzymes. Although the fungal pathogen Candida albicans produces C18 : 2 and C18 : 3, the enzymes that synthesize them have not yet been investigated. In this report, two ORFs, CaFAD2 and CaFAD3, were identified based on their homology to other yeast FADs, and CaFAD2 and CaFAD3 gene disruptants were constructed. Cafad2Delta and Cafad3Delta lost their ability to produce C18 : 2 and C18 : 3, respectively. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae cells expressing CaFad2p converted palmitoleic acid (C16 : 1) and C18 : 1 to hexadecadienoic acid (C16 : 2) and C18 : 2, respectively, and CaFad3p-expressing cells converted C18 : 2 to C18 : 3. These results strongly supported that CaFAD2 encodes the Delta12 FAD and that CaFAD3 encodes the omega3 FAD. However, phenotypic analysis demonstrated that the presence of these PUFAs did not affect the virulence to mice, or morphogenesis in the culture media used to induce morphological change of C. albicans.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE INTERACTIVITY OF CHIRAL AUXILIARIES WITH CHIRAL CATALYSTS IN THE HETERO DIELS‐ALDER REACTION: A NEW ROUTE TO L‐GLYCOLIPIDS (1984)

Abstract Die Reaktion der 1‐Menthyloxydiene (Ia),(Ib) mit Benzaldehyd (II) in Gegenwart des achiralen Katalysators Eu(fod)3 [Tris‐(6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐heptafluor‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3,5‐octandionato)‐europium] führt nur zu einem sehr geringen Überwiegen der Produkte (III) gegenüber ihrem Enantiomeren(IV); die Gemische (III)/(IV) werden dann über die quasi‐Racemate (V) in die Ester(VI) mit den angegebenen Enantioselektivitäten übergeführt.
An adaptive OFDM system with variable guard interval (2004)

Symbol guard interval is almost indispensable to deal with ISI caused by channel delay spreading in wireless OFDM transmission systems. However, the length of guard interval is usually fixed in conventional OFDM system, which decreases the power and spectrum efficiency considerably, especially in a mobile environment. To solve this problem, a novel conceptual adaptive OFDM system with variable guard interval (AOFDM-VGI) is proposed in this paper. This system first utilizes the preamble and pilot sub-carriers of each OFDM packet burst to estimate the channel RMS delay spread, and then the result is fed into the guard interval controller. Then, the controller uses a criterion to calculate the guard interval and control the OFDM transmitter. For a typical simulation model as illustrated in this paper, this system can transmit a data rate 11.5 Mb/s higher and consume a power 0.65 dB less than the conventional non-adaptive counterpart without sacrificing the BER performance.
On Emulating Hardware/Software Co-designed Control Algorithms for Packet Switches (2014)

Hardware accelerators in networking systems for control algorithms offer a promising approach to scale performance. To that end, several research efforts have been devoted to verify a hardware version of complex control algorithms but only for small-scale hardware unit tests. In this paper we pr
Pain related behaviour during vincristine-induced neuropathy in rats (1999)

The development of suitable animal models of neuropathic pain is essential to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this condition. This study presents the alterations in nociception observed in rats suffering from a peripheral neuropathy induced by 10 daily repeated intravenous injections of vincristine at doses of 50 or 75 microg/kg (total dose 500 or 750 microg/ kg). The rats present both mechanical hyperalgesia, allodynia and a loss of sensitivity (thermal hypoalgesia). Conservation of good health, the fast appearance of symptoms which correspond well with human responses and the easy induction of nociceptive symptoms are favourable criteria for using this model at 50 microg/kg vincristine dose in the future.
BUT QUESST 2014 System Description (2014)

The primary system we submitted was composed of 11 sub-systems as the required run. 3 subsystems are based on Acoustic Keyword Spotting (AKWS) and 8 on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). The AKWS systems were based only on phoneme posteriors while the DTW subsystems were based on both phoneme posteriors and Bottle-Neck features (BN) as input. The underlying phoneme posterior estima-tors / bottle-neck feature extractors were both in-language (Czech) and out-of-language (other 4 languages). We also performed experiments on T1/T2/T3 types of query, system calibration and fusion based on binary logistic regression. 1.
Studies on the Adamantylation ofN-Heterocycles and Nucleosides (1999)

Adamantylation of several N-heterocycles and of two ribonucleosides (uridine and toyocamycin) was studied. The exact substitution position by the adamantyl carbocation generated from adamantan-1-ol in CF3COOH depends on the nature of the heterocyclic substrate. Thus, adamantylation of an additional exocyclic amino group (see Scheme 1), N-adamantylation of the heterocycle (Scheme 2), C-adamantylation of the heterocycle (Scheme 3), as well as the formation of heterocyclic N-adamantylcarboxamides via the Ritter reaction (Scheme 4) are possible. The structures of the reaction products were determined by means of elemental analysis and NMR, UV, and IR spectroscopy.
Regeneration of spent earth in aqueous medium (1988)

Abstract A simple method of regeneration of spent earth at a relatively low temperature has been developed. Deoiled spent earth was regenerated in the form of a slurry using water as an aqueous phase, in the temperature range of 170–270°C. The effects of temperature, slurry concentration and cycle of regeneration have been studied. An attempt has been made to discern the controlling mechanism. Regenerated earth from the present method does not impart any malodor to the oil as against theramlly regenerated earth.
Effect of Tannation on Ovine Follicle Stimulating Hormone (1966)

Tannates of ovine pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (NIH-FSH-S1 and NIH-FSH-S2) were prepared and assayed simultaneously with equal amounts of untannated FSH. Three assay systems were employed-a general gonadotropin assay utilizing both ovarian and uterine weights of intact, immature female rats, the standard augmentation reaction assay, and modifications of both assays conducted at different time intervals with either single or multiple injection schedules. FSH activity as determined by standard or modified assay systems was not potentiated by tannation. (Endocrinology 79: 149, 1966)
On the role of MMSE estimation in approaching the information-theoretic limits of linear Gaussian channels: Shannon meets Wiener (2004)

We discuss why MMSE estimation arises in lattice-based schemes for approaching the capacity of linear Gaussian channels, and comment on its properties.
The Efficacy of GlOSS for the Text Database Discovery Problem (1993)

The popularity of information retrieval has led users to a new problem: finding which text databases (out of thousands of candidate choices) are the most relevant to a user. Answering a given query with a list of relevant databases is the text database discovery problem. The first part of this paper presents a practical method for attacking this problem based on estimating the result size of a query and a database. The method is termed GlOSS-Glossary of Servers Server. The second part of this paper evaluates GlOSS using four different semantics to answer a user&apos;s queries. Real users&apos; queries were used in the experiments. We also describe several variations of GlOSS and compare their efficacy. In addition, we analyze the storage cost of our approach to the problem. 1 Introduction Information vendors such as Dialog and Mead Data Central provide content-indexed access to multiple databases. Dialog for instance has over three hundred databases. In addition, the advent of Archie, WAIS, Wor...
Automated Placement of Individual Millimeter-Wave Wall-Mounted Base Stations for Line-of-Sight Coverage of Outdoor Urban Areas (2016)

In this letter, advanced concepts in polygon computational geometry are combined to automate the placement of thousands of millimeter-wave (mmWave) wall-mounted base stations over two large urban areas, and to gather their line-of-sight coverage statistics; this is the first large-scale fully-automated channel modeling study of mmWave cells over massive open building data. This allows for a more accurate modeling of small-cell mmWave access networks, which are currently considered as a strong candidate technology for providing gigabit rates to dense urban areas.
Thermal properties and heat flow in the laser addressed liquid-crystal display (1981)

The heat capacity and thermal conductivity coefficients, describing heat flow in the laser thermally addressed liquid-crystal device, have been measured or derived from literature data. Analytic approximations to the heat and temperature distributions are presented. The significance of heat loss in the substrate and absorber are examined.
Reforming Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Argentina (2003)

Argentina has committed itself to a reform of its revenue-sharing system. This paper examines this system and the issues involved in its redesign, and discusses the pros and cons of various options with a view to specifying a preferred approach.
Genetic Analysis of the Human Thymidine Kinase Gene Promoter (1986)

The promoter of the human thymidine kinase gene was defined by DNA sequence and genetic analyses. Mutant plasmids with deletions extending into the promoter region from both the 5' and 3' directions were constructed. The mutants were tested in a gene transfer system for the ability to transform TK- cells to the TK+ phenotype. This analysis delimited the functional promoter to within an 83-base-pair region upstream of the mRNA cap site. This region contains sequences common to other eucaryotic promoters including G X C-rich hexanucleotides, a CAAT box, and an A X T-rich region. The CAAT box is in an inverted orientation and is part of a 9-base-pair sequence repeated twice in the promoter region. Comparison of the genomic sequence with the cDNA sequence defined the first exon of the thymidine kinase gene.
Inflammation and Stroke: Therapeutic Effects of Adenoviral Expression of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (2006)

Inflammation is a fundamental reaction of the organism aimed to protect, defend and amend diverse forms of injuries. Stroke, an ischemic condition of the brain, provokes acute and chronic inflammatory reactions composed of brain cells as well as circulating immune inflammatory cells. In response to ischemia, brain cells transcribe and express inflammatory proteins that orchestrate numerous biochemical pathways, some of which of potential detrimental effects. This review paper is aimed to delineate strategies that may enable the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the discovery of drugs for stroke. Soluble Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) serves as a prime example for this strategy.
Guarantee of Freshness in Resource Information Cache on WSPE: Web Service Polling Engine (2006)

Managing resource information using web services is an important issue in grid computing. Although some standards for grid computing based on web services have been published, the overhead of SOAP/HTTP and XML processing may cause performance problems in the resource information service for the grid. This paper proposes a scheduling update mechanism for resource information cache to meet the performance requirements of the resource information service. We have designed and implemented this mechanism on an information service named Web Service Polling Engine (WSPE) that collects resource information in accordance with WSDM/MUWS standards. From the results of evaluations, we conclude that WSPE can guarantee the freshness of resource information with a stable load on the WSPE server.
Flavonol Caffeoylglycosides as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Spiraea cantoniensis Flower (2008)

In the screening experiments for rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in 218 plants cultivated in the Japanese temperate region, potent maltase-inhibiting activity was found in the extract of flowers of Spiraea cantoniensis. The enzyme assay guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of three flavonol caffeoylglycosides, quercetin 3- O-(6- O-caffeoyl)-beta-galactoside ( 1), kaempferol 3- O-(6- O-caffeoyl)-beta-galactoside ( 2), and kaempferol 3- O-(6- O-caffeoyl)-beta-glucoside ( 3), as rat intestinal maltase inhibitors. This is the first report on the alpha-glucosidase-inhibitory activity of those flavonol caffeoylglycosides. Comparison in the activity of the isolates indicated the importance of caffeoyl substructures in the molecule for the alpha-glucosidase-inhibiting activity. The relatively high contents of the active isolates in the plant suggest that S. cantoniensis could be physiologically useful for treatment of diabetes.
Bancs de filtres et quantification vectorielle sur reseau : etude conjointe pour la compression d'images (1996)

Cette these est consacree a la compression d'images ou deux themes majeurs sont etudies: il s'agit de la transformation en sous-bandes et de la quantification. Pour la decomposition en sous-bandes, nous montrons, dans ce document, qu'il est possible de synthetiser des filtres a deux sous-bandes, suivant plusieurs criteres, a partir d'une seule methode de synthese basee sur une structure en treillis. Des criteres permettant de prendre en compte les caracteristiques des images pour des applications de compression sont consideres et de nombreux filtres synthetises suivant ces criteres sont fournis. Un nouveau formalisme pour des decompositions en m sous-bandes est aussi presente dans ce memoire. Partant d'une decomposition polyphase particuliere, nous montrons qu'il est possible de generaliser la synthese des bancs de filtres modules, sans faire aucune hypothese a la fois sur la longueur et la phase du filtre prototype. Des criteres analogues au cas d'une decomposition a deux canaux sont utilises. La quantification est realisee dans le but de minimiser la distorsion engendree pour un debit donne. Cette allocation optimale de ressources est realisee a partir d'un algorithme de programmation convexe et d'un ensemble de quantificateurs predefinis. Nous avons choisi de prendre des quantificateurs vectoriels sur reseau pour constituer cet ensemble. Deux methodes originales pour augmenter les performances de ces quantificateurs sont presentees. L'une apporte une contrainte d'entropie sur le reseau, ce qui permet, lors de la quantification, de projeter un vecteur sur le reseau suivant le meilleur compromis debit-distorsion. L'autre methode permet de subdiviser la source de vecteurs a coder en sous-sources afin de prendre en compte, a bas debits, certaines directions privilegiees de l'espace. Des comparaisons, a la fois, entre les differentes decompositions et plusieurs methodes de quantifications (scalaires, vectorielles, psychovisuelles) sont entreprises. La mise en place de ces differentes approches dans un schema video hybride nous a permis de reduire le debit d'environ 20% par rapport au standard mpeg 2. Enfin, nous etudions deux techniques de decompostions basees regions. Associees a l'algorithme d'allocation binaire precedent, des fonctionnalites de compression selective de regions sont mise en evidence. Des exemples sur des images de visiophone montrent l'interet de ces approches
Cu-Sn Wafer Level Bonding for Vacuum Encapsulation of Microbolometer Focal Plane Arrays (2010)

Wafer level vacuum encapsulation for wafers with integrated and released sensitive microelectromechanical structures has been achieved by making use of Cu-Sn solid liquid interdiffusion bonding. By using a Sn layer as oxidation barrier for the Cu underneath, the bonding surface does not require pre-cleaning or use of any flux agent prior to, or during bonding. With a tailored temperature and pressure bonding profile, the amount of Sn squeeze-out is reduced. Cross sections through the bonded frames were used to investigate the formation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds. The strength of the joints was measured using a shear test, which resulted in an average value of 35MPa. Further temperature cycling of bonded dies does not result in any reduction in bonding yield or shear strength. The concentric interference fringes revealed by IR pictures of the bonded wafer pairs demonstrate that the cap on each device is deflected towards the bottom wafer, confirming that the pressure in the bonded cavities is low.