gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymers as reagents and catalysts. Part 12. Side chain bromination of aromatic molecules with a bromine complex of poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymers as reagents and catalysts. Part 12. Side chain bromination of aromatic molecules with a bromine complex of poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine)Boris Sket and Marko ZupanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 6, 929–931Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00356a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00356a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1019Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chip printer (2010)

Lithographic methods allow for the combinatorial synthesis of >50.000 oligonucleotides per cm2, which revolutionized the field of genomics. High density peptide arrays promise to advance the field of proteomics in a similar way, but until recently were not available. This is mainly due to the monomer-by-monomer repeated consecutive coupling of 20 different amino acids associated with lithography, which adds up to an excessive number of coupling cycles. A combinatorial synthesis based on electrically charged solid amino acid particles resolves this problem. Here we report the manufacturing of a chip printer that could be used to consecutively address the different charged particles to a solid support, where, when completed, the whole layer of solid amino acid particles is melted at once. This frees hitherto immobilized amino acids to couple all 20 different amino acids in one single coupling reaction to the support. The method should allow for the synthesis of very high-density peptide arrays.
Surface-Modified Carbon Fiber on Strength of CFRP and Curing Behavior of Matrix Resin (1994)

There is a method, named photo-oxygenation, of surface modification treatment, which utilizes a synergist effect of ultra-violet rays and ozone. A functional group involving oxygen is induced on surface of carbon fiber. Wettability to water, phenolic and epoxy resin of carbon fiber surfacemodified by photo-oxygenation can be improved. Mechanical properties of CFRP and CFRC made of surface-modified carbon fiber are remarkably better than those of them made of carbon fiber asreceived. Properties of CFRP made of epoxy resin change in color and dynamic visco-elastic property.In this report, we study the influence of the functional group on curing behavior of epoxy resin and mechanical properties. The results are as follows.(1) Apparent activation energy of epoxy resin in curing is proportional to O/C value (the ratio of oxygen to carbon content).(2) Strength of CFRP is able to be changed by controlling O/C value.
Removal of Inorganic Contaminants from Groundwater (1992)

This review paper summarizes the results of an investigation on the use of supported liquid membranes for the removal of uranium(VI) and some anionic contaminants (technetium(VII), chromium(VI) and nitrates) from the Hanford site groundwater. As a membrane carrier for U(VI), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid was selected because of its high selectivity over calcium and magnesium. The water soluble complexing agent 1-hydroxyethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid was used as stripping agent. For the anionic contaminants the long-chain aliphatic amines Primene JM-T (primary), Amberlite LA-2 (secondary) and trilaurylamine (tertiary) were investigated as membrane carriers. Among these amines, Amberlite LA-2 proved to be the most effective carrier for the simultaneous removal of the investigated anion contaminants. A good long-term stability (at least one month) of the liquid membranes was obtained, especially in the uranium(VI) removal.
Normalization of text messages for text-to-speech (2010)

This paper describes a normalization system for text messages to allow them to be read by a TTS engine. To address the large number of texting abbreviations, we use a statistical classifier to learn when to delete a character. The features we use are based on character context, function, and position in the word and containing syllable. To ensure that our system is robust to different abbreviations for a word, we generate multiple abbreviation hypotheses for each word based on the classifier's prediction. We then reverse the mappings to enable prediction of English words from the abbreviations. Our results show that this approach is feasible and warrants further exploration.
Synthesis of Diaminodiphenylphosphonium Salts (1990)

A new general synthesis of diaminodiphenylphosphonium salts consists of the successive reactions of chlorodiphenylphosphine with bromine and then with primary or secondary amines. The method can be applied to various types of amines.
Effects of acoustic trauma on the representation of the vowel <b>/ε/</b> in cat auditory nerve fibers (1997)

A population study of cat auditory-nerve fibers was used to characterize the permanent deficits induced by exposure to 110-115 dB SPL, narrow-band noise. Fibers in the region of acoustic trauma (roughly 1-6 kHz) showed a loss of sensitivity at best frequency (BF) of about 50-60 dB and an increased tuning bandwidth. A correlation between weakened two-tone suppression and loss of sensitivity was found for fibers with BFs above 1 kHz. Single-fiber responses to the vowel "eh" were recorded at intensities ranging from near threshold to a maximum of about 110 dB SPL. In normal cochleas, the temporal response patterns show a capture phenomenon, in which the first two formant frequencies dominate the responses at high sound levels among fibers with BFs near the formant frequencies. After acoustic trauma, fibers in the region of threshold shift synchronized to a broad range of the vowel's harmonics and thus did not show capture by the second formant at any sound level used. The broadband nature of this response is consistent with the broadened tuning observed in the damaged fibers, but may also reflect a weakening of compressive nonlinearities responsible for synchrony capture in the normal cochlea.
A <i>rolB</i> regulatory factor belongs to a new class of single zinc finger plant proteins (1996)

A protein which binds to the regulatory domain B necessary for expression of the plant oncogene rolB in (root) meristems contains a single zinc finger of a novel type conserved in dicots and monocots. Band shift analysis revealed the presence in tobacco nuclei of a protein selectively binding to domain B, a tetramer of which was used to isolate a cDNA (NtBBF1, Nicotiana tabacum rolB domain B Factor 1) from a tobacco expression library. The corresponding genomic clone was also isolated. The protein encoded by NtBBF1 contains a single C2C2 zinc finger, and its target sequence in domain B was identified by means of mutagenized oligonucleotides. The DNA-binding capability of the zinc finger was assessed by means of a fusion of this latter with the glutathione-S-transferase protein, that was shown to bind the same target sequence as NtBBF1. A number of other tobacco cDNAs encoding different proteins with a domain (BBF domain) encompassing the zinc finger identical to NtBBF1 were also isolated. Furthermore, a cDNA encoding a protein with an almost identical single zinc finger was isolated from Arabidopsis. A very closely related zinc finger has very recently been identified in maize transcription factors and termed the Dof domain. It is proposed that the tobacco, Arabidopsis and maize BBF/Dof domain proteins are members of a new broad family of plant transcription factors acting through a single zinc finger widely utilized in the plant kingdom.
An Optically Transparent Iron Nickel Oxide Catalyst for Solar Water Splitting (2015)

Sunlight-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel is an attractive method for renewable energy conversion. Tandem photoelectrochemical water splitting devices utilize two photoabsorbers to harvest the sunlight and drive the water splitting reaction. The absorption of sunlight by electrocatalysts is a severe problem for tandem water splitting devices where light needs to be transmitted through the larger bandgap component to illuminate the smaller bandgap component. Herein, we describe a novel method for the deposition of an optically transparent amorphous iron nickel oxide oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. The catalyst was deposited on both thin film and high-aspect ratio nanostructured hematite photoanodes. The low catalyst loading combined with its high activity at low overpotential results in significant improvement on the onset potential for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. This transparent catalyst further enables the preparation of a stable hematite/perovskite solar cell tandem device, which performs unassisted water splitting.
Development of an Extracorporeal Liver Support System: Initial Results (1992)

A pilot study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of extracorporeal normothermic perfusion of the porcine liver. Seven donor hepatectomies were performed in small 10 kg pigs and the livers were placed in a perfusion cassette of the author's design. Four perfusions were technical failures. Three successful perfusions had several factors in common: hepatic artery inflow roller pump, prompt "pinking up" of the perfused liver, a centrifugal vena cava outflow pump with partial diversion of the outflow into the portal vein with the remaining outflow returned to the anesthetized animal, and production of bile during the perfusion experiment. Successful perfusions lasted 50, 65, and 90 minutes.
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis (2009)

In patients with DS and associated spinal stenosis, no consistent differences in clinical outcomes were seen among fusion groups over 4 years.
8-Azatheophylline and its derivatives as coronary vasodilators (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT8-Azatheophylline and its derivatives as coronary vasodilatorsD. S. BarianaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 6, 543–545Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00288a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00288a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Hemodynamic Impulse Response to a Single Neural Event (2003)

This article investigates the relation between stimulus-evoked neural activity and cerebral hemodynamics. Specifically, the hypothesis is tested that hemodynamic responses can be modeled as a linear convolution of experimentally obtained measures of neural activity with a suitable hemodynamic impulse response function. To obtain a range of neural and hemodynamic responses, rat whisker pad was stimulated using brief (</=2 seconds) electrical stimuli consisting of single pulses (0.3 millisecond, 1.2 mA) combined both at different frequencies and in a paired-pulse design. Hemodynamic responses were measured using concurrent optical imaging spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry, whereas neural responses were assessed through current source density analysis of multielectrode recordings from a single barrel. General linear modeling was used to deconvolve the hemodynamic impulse response to a single "neural event" from the hemodynamic and neural responses to stimulation. The model provided an excellent fit to the empirical data. The implications of these results for modeling schemes and for physiologic systems coupling neural and hemodynamic activity are discussed.
Rogers의 혁신의 확산이론에 기반한 초등학교 교사의 e-러닝 확산과 채택 (2012)

본 연구는 Rogers(1995)의 혁신의 확산 이론을 바탕으로 초등교사에게 e-러닝이 어떻게
확산․채택되고 있는지를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 대구․경북지역에 소
재하고 있는 초등학교 교사 285명을 대상으로 조사연구를 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 다
음과 같다. 첫째, 개인배경변인 중 연령, 근무지, 경력, 정보화연수가 e-러닝 채택자 범주에
영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조기 채택자와 후기 채택자의 경우, e-러닝의 인지경
로는 채택자 범주에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있었는데, 자발적 관심과 정보화 교육이 주요
경로로 밝혀졌다. e-러닝의 채택요인은 혁신성, 컴퓨터 리터러시, 적합성, 상대적 이점에서
차이가 있었으며, 조기 채택자가 후기 채택자보다 채택요인을 더 긍정적으로 인식하는 것
으로 나타났다. 셋째, 현채택자와 채택 중단자의 경우에도 범주에 따라 e-러닝의 인지경로
는 유의미한 차이가 나타났는데 정보화 교육이 주요 경로로 밝혀졌다. e-러닝의 채택요인
은 혁신성, 주관적 판단, 적합성, 상대적 이점, 시행가능성, 관찰가능성에서 차이가 있었으
며, 현채택자가 채택 중단자보다 채택요인을 더 긍정적으로 인식하고 있었다. 넷째, 조기
채택 여부를 결정짓는 요인은 컴퓨터 리터러시, 혁신성, 주관적 판단으로 드러났고, 다섯
째 채택중단여부를 결정 하는 주요한 요인은 적합성으로 밝혀졌다. 끝으로 e-러닝 비채택
자는 e-러닝에 대한 인지부족을 혁신의 비채택 요인으로 꼽았으며, 향후 지속적인 혁신 채
택의 거부의사를 보였다.
The interaction of the calcium-binding protein (troponin C) with bivalent cations and the inhibitory protein (troponin I) (1974)

1. The molecular weight of the calcium-binding protein of rabbit white skeletal muscle was estimated to be 18500 by sedimentation equilibrium and electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. 2. Addition of 2 Ca(2+) ions per molecule produced reversible changes in the u.v.-absorption spectrum that are interpreted as arising from conformational changes in the structure of the protein. 3. Cd(2+) was almost as effective as Ca(2+) in producing the spectral changes. Other bivalent metal ions, particularly Mg(2+), were less effective. 4. Binding of Ca(2+) by the calcium-binding protein produced an increase in mobility to the anode on electrophoresis in 6m-urea at pH8.6. The Ca(2+)-saturated form of the protein was more retarded on gel filtration than the Ca(2+)-free form. 5. In the presence of Ca(2+) the calcium-binding protein formed an equimolar complex with the inhibitory protein. This complex was stable in 8m-urea and in the pH range 7.0-8.6. 6. An isotope-dilution method for the measurement of the content of calcium-binding protein in whole muscle is described. In rabbit psoas muscle the ratio of actin monomers to molecules of calcium-binding protein was approx. 7:1. Similar values were obtained for red skeletal and cardiac muscle. 7. Evidence is presented indicating that in the rabbit the inhibitory protein of the troponin complex of red skeletal and cardiac muscles is different from the inhibitory protein of white skeletal muscle.
Molecular mechanisms of colicin evolution. (1993)

This review explores features of the origin and evolution of colicins in Escherichia coli. First, the evolutionary relationships of 16 colicin and colicin-related proteins are inferred from amino acid and DNA sequence comparisons. These comparisons are employed to detail the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the origin and diversification of colicin clusters. Such mechanisms include movement of colicin plasmids between strains of E. coli and subsequent plasmid cointegration, transposition- and recombination-mediated transfer of colicin and related sequences, and rapid diversification of colicin and immunity proteins through the action of positive selection. The wealth of information contained in colicin sequence comparisons makes this an ideal system with which to explore molecular mechanisms of evolutionary change.
ChemInform Abstract: ETHYLENIC AMINIMIDES WITH PERIPHERAL VASODILATING ACTIVITY (1982)

Abstract Die Kondensation der Epoxide (III) [aus dem Keton (I) und den entsprechenden Vinylmagnesiumbromidenin guten Ausb. (keine Angaben) erhältlich] mit 1,1‐Dimethylhydrazin führt unter regiospezifischer Öffnung des Oxiranrings zu den unbeständigen Aminiminen (IV), die zu den Aminimiden (V) acyliert werden.
Inducers of Erythroleukemic Differentiation Cause Messenger RNAs That Lack Poly(A)-binding Protein to Accumulate in Translationally Inactive, Salt-labile 80 S Ribosomal Complexes (1996)

Translation has an established role in the regulation of cell growth. Posttranslational modification of translation initiation and elongation factors or regulation of mRNA polyadenylation represent common means of regulating translation in response to mitogenic or developmental signals. Induced differentiation of Friend virus-transformed erythroleukemia cells is accompanied by a rapid decrease in the translation rate of these cells. Although inducers do not alter initiation factor modifications, characterization of their effect on mRNA translation provides evidence that this is mediated by the poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). Inducer exposure results in an increase in the amount of mRNA that sediments at 80 S and a decrease in the amount in polysomes. Although these 80 S ribosomes have characteristics previously attributed to "vacant ribosomal couples," including lability in 500 mM KCl and an inability to incorporate amino acids into protein, we provide evidence that these 80 S complexes are not vacant but contain mRNA that is stably bound to the 40 S subunit, whereas the 60 S subunit is dissociated from the complex by high salt. The absence of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 from these complexes suggests that translation has proceeded through subunit joining. Immunoblotting demonstrates that the mRNAs in these 80 S ribosomal complexes do not contain bound PABP and that this protein is found to be almost exclusively associated with translating polysomes. These data suggest that the PABP plays a role in the accumulation of these 80 S ribosomal.mRNA complexes and may facilitate the formation of translationally active salt-stable ribosomes.
Historical vignette: Medical treatment of status epilepticus (2013)

The treatment of status epilepticus has changed over the past five decades since the first colloquium on status epilepticus, held in Marseille in 1962. New intravenous drugs, such as valproate, levetiracetam, lacosomide or ketamine and new routes of administration, such as intranasal or bucal, as well as high-class randomized clinical trials in the prehospital setting and early stages of status have changed the field. However it is remarkable, how the basic principles and difficulties of treatment of status epilepticus have remained the same. This article is as a translation of a narrative review authored by Dieter Janz at the Marseille Colloquium 1962, published in 1967. The medical practice and all available treatment at that time have been reviewed critically in the article. The translation of the original French article has been kept as close as possible to the original, to give a detailed account on the treatment of status at that time.
Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, and Alzheimer Disease (2000)

Recent evidence in the field of Alzheimer disease research has highlighted the importance of oxidative processes in its pathogenesis. Examination of cellular changes shows that oxidative stress is an event that precedes the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles, one of the hallmark pathologies of the disease. Although it is still unclear what the initial source of the oxidative stress is in Alzheimer disease, it is likely that the process is highly dependent on the presence of redox-active transition metals, such as iron and copper. Because of the proximal role that oxidative stress mechanisms seem to play in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, further investigation in this realm may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
On the Effects of Gate-Recess Etching in Current-Collapse of Different Cap Layers Grown AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors (2006)

Influences of gate-recess etching with BCl3 plasma in drain current (ID) collapse were performed on different cap layers (i-GaN, n-GaN, and p-GaN) grown AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Due to the decrease of dynamic-source-resistance by gate-recess, the increase of maximum drain current density and maximum extrinsic transconductance were observed in all cap layers grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. After gate-recess etching, about 14 and 17% of decrease in ID collapse were observed on n-GaN and p-GaN cap layers HEMTs, respectively when compared to non-recessed HEMTs. However, increase (∼47%) of ID collapse was observed in i-GaN cap layer HEMTs. The decrease of ID collapse in doped GaN cap layer HEMTs is possibly due to the compensation of dopant related traps with plasma induced traps. The increase of ID collapse in i-GaN cap layer HEMTs may be due to the incorporation of damage related traps by gate-recess etching. The decrease and increase of trapping effects were qualitatively confirmed by white-light illuminated IDS–VDS characteristics. An increase of gate leakage current in all recessed gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are due to the BCl3 plasma induced damage.
hCG, progesterone, alpha-fetoprotein, and estradiol in the identification of ectopic pregnancy. (1993)

A combination of biochemical markers including hCG, progesterone, E2, and AFP can be superior to a single progesterone level or clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.
Changes in the Volatile Composition of Virgin Olive Oil during Oxidation:  Flavors and Off-Flavors (1997)

A thermoxidation process has been applied to extra-virgin olive oil to develop new knowledge on the evolution of the volatile compounds responsible for virgin olive oil flavor during oxidative deterioration. The initial volatiles (a total of 60), many of them responsible for the pleasant sensory characteristics of the oil and produced mainly through biochemical pathways, disappeared in the first hours, and the formation of off-flavors, produced through oxidative pathways, gradually increased. The main volatile compounds possibly responsible for off-flavors (51) were identified, and their evolution during the oxidative process was studied. The fatty acids content was determined during the process. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to be the main precursors of the volatile compounds found in oxidized samples. The early measurement of nonanal (which was not detected at all, or only at trace levels, in extra-virgin olive oil samples) could be an appropriate method to detect the beginning of the oxidation. The ratio hexanal/nonanal was used to differentiate between oxidized and good-quality virgin olive oil samples. Sensory evaluation of the samples and peroxide value agreed on the evolution of the oxidation. Keywords: Oxidation; volatiles; flavor; off-flavor; virgin olive oil