gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The paradoxical patterns of expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in colon cancer (2009)

This study demonstrated paradoxical patterns of expression of IDO in colon cancer. The high density IDO+cells existed in TDLN and IDO was down-regulated in lymph nodes with metastases, implying that IDO in tumor and immune cells functions differently.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2012)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with a nihilistic attitude. On the basis of current evidence, this nihilistic attitude is totally unjustified. The disease must be viewed through the lens of a new paradigm: one that accepts COPD as not only a pulmonary disease but also as one with important measurable systemic consequences. COPD is not only preventable but also treatable. Smoking cessation, oxygen for hypoxemic patients, lung reduction surgery for selected patients with emphysema, and noninvasive ventilation during severe exacerbations have all been shown to impact on mortality. In addition, pulmonary rehabilitation, pharmacologic therapy, and lung transplantation improve patient-centered outcomes such as health-related quality of life, dyspnea, exercise capacity, and even exacerbations and hospitalizations. Caregivers should familiarize themselves with the multiple complementary forms of treatment and individualize therapy to the particular situation of each patient. The f...
3-Phenyl-Substituted Imidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>]quinoxalin-4-ones and Imidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>]quinoxaline Ureas That Have High Affinity at the GABA<sub>A</sub>/Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex (1996)

A series of imidazo[1,5-alpha]quinoxalin-4-ones and imidazo[1,5-alpha]quinoxaline ureas containing substituted phenyl groups at the 3-position was developed. Compounds within the imidazo[1,5-alpha]quinoxaline urea series had high affinity for the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex with varying in vitro efficacy, although most analogs were partial agonists as indicated by [35S]TBPS and Cl- current ratios. Interestingly, a subseries of piperazine ureas was identified which had biphasic efficacy, becoming more antagonistic with increasing concentration. Analogs within the imidazo[1,5-alpha]quinoxalin-4-one series had substantially decreased binding affinity as compared to the quinoxaline urea series. These compounds ranged from antagonists to full agonists by in vitro analysis, with several derivatives having roughly 4-fold greater intrinsic activity than diazepam as indicated by Cl- current measurement. Numerous compounds from both series were effective in antagonizing metrazole-induced seizures, consistent with anti-convulsant properties and possible anxiolytic activity. Most of the quinoxaline ureas and quinoxalin-4-ones were active in an acute electroshock physical dependence side effect assay in mice precluding further development.
The Moment Camera (2006)

Future cameras are used to "capture the moment" not just the instant when the shutter opens. The moment camera gathers significantly more data than is needed for a single image. This data, coupled with computational photography and user-assisted algorithms, provide powerful new paradigms for image making. The camera constantly records time slices of imagery. Although the input to the moment camera creates a spacetime slab, the moment's output typically consists of a single image. Thus, the processing primarily selects the color for each output pixel given the set of input images in the spacetime slab
A High-Efficiency DC–DC Boost Converter for a Miniaturized Microbial Fuel Cell (2014)

This paper presents a high-efficiency dc–dc boost converter to interface a miniaturized 50 μL microbial fuel cell (MFC) having 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> vertically aligned carbon nanotube anode and 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> Cr/Au cathode. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Geobacteraceae</i> -enriched mixed bacterial culture in growth medium and 100 mM buffered ferricyanide solutions are used as the anolyte and catholyte, respectively. The miniaturized MFC produces up to approximately 10 μW with an output voltage of 0.4–0.7 V. Such low voltage, which is also load dependent, prevents the MFC to directly drive low power electronics. A pulse-frequency modulation type dc–dc converter in discontinuous conduction mode is designed and implemented to address the challenges and provides a load independent output voltage with high conversion efficiency. The fabricated dc–dc converter in UMC 0.18 μm has been tested with the MFC. At 0.9 V output, the converter has a peak efficiency of 85% with 9 μW load.
Mapping data-flow graph to loop engine on array processor (2003)

We present a novel architecture for array processor, called LEAP, which is a set of simple processing elements. The targeted programs are perfect innermost loops. By using the technique called if-conversion, the control dependence can be converted to data dependence to prediction variables. Then an innermost loop can be represented by a data dependence graph, where the vertex supports the expression statements of high level languages. By mapping the data dependence graph to fixed PEs, each PE steps the loop iteration automatically and independently at the runtime. The execution forms multiple pipelining chains. The simulation of four loops of LFK shows the effectiveness of the LEAP architecture, compared with traditional CISC and RISC architectures.
Isolation and Structures of an Antifungal Antibiotic, Fusarielin A, and Related Compounds Produced by a Flusarium sp. (1995)

A new antifungal antibiotic, fusarielin A, and three related compounds, fusarielins B, C and D, were obtained from a culture of a Fusarium sp. The skeletal structure and the relative stereochemistry of fusarielin A were determined mainly on the basis of its NMR data, and the absolute structure was elucidated by using the exciton chirality method and the modified Mosher method. The structures of the other homologues were determined by comparison of their spectral data with those of fusarielin A.
Bio/Abiotic Interface Constructed from Nanoscale DNA Dendrimer and Conducting Polymer for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Diagnosis (2009)

For sensors detecting immobilized biomarkers, the interface between the surface and the fluid medium plays an important role in determining the levels of signal and noise in the electrochemical detection process. When protein is directly immobilized on the metal electrode, denaturation of the protein by surface-protein interaction results in low activity and low signal level. A conducting polymer-based interface can prevent the protein conformation change and alleviate this problem. A DNA dendrimer is introduced into the interfacial film on the sensor surface to further improve the sensor performance. DNA dendrimer is a nanoscale dendrite constructed of short DNA sequences, which can be easily incorporated into the abiotic conducting polymer matrix and is biocompatible with most biological species. In this work, DNA dendrimer and polypyrrole (DDPpy) form the bio/abiotic interface on electrochemical sensors. Detection of two salivary protein markers (IL-8 and IL-1beta) and one mRNA salivary marker (IL-8) is used to demonstrate the efficiency of the DDPpy sensor. A limit of detection (LOD) of protein of 100-200 fg mL(-1) is achieved, which is three orders of magnitude better than that without the DNA dendrimer interface. An LOD of 10 aM is established for IL-8 mRNA. The typical sample volume used in the detection is 4 microL, thus the LOD reaches only 25 target molecules (40 yoctomole).
Sensemaking in Collaborative Web Search (2011)

Sensemaking is an important aspect of information-seeking tasks but has mostly been studied at the individual level. We conducted a study of sensemaking in collaborative Web search using SearchTogether and found that collaborators face several challenges in making sense of information during collaborative search tasks. We built and evaluated a new tool, CoSense, which enhanced sensemaking in SearchTogether. The evaluation of CoSense provided insights into how collaborative sensemaking differed from individual sensemaking in terms of the different kinds of information that collaborators needed to make sense of. In this article we discuss findings about how sensemaking occurs in synchronous and asynchronous collaboration and the challenges participants face in handling handoffs. We found that participants had two different strategies of handling handoffs—search-lead and sensemaking-lead—and that participants with these two strategies exhibited different procedural knowledge of sensemaking. We also discuss how complex and varied the products of sensemaking are during a collaborative search task. Through our evaluation of CoSense we provide insights into the design of tools that can enhance sensemaking in collaborative search tasks.
SUMIC: Multicomponent sea‐bottom seismic surveying in the North Sea—Data interpretation and applications (1994)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994SUMIC: Multicomponent sea‐bottom seismic surveying in the North Sea—Data interpretation and applicationsAuthors: Eivind BergBjørnar SvenningJames MartinEivind BergStatoil Research Center, Norway, Bjørnar SvenningStatoil Research Center, Norway, and James MartinStatoil Research Center, Norwayhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932132 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932132FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByThe shear wave experience in Sanhu, China: A case historyZhang Shaohua, Wang Jiushuan, Wu Yongguo, Deng Zhiwen, and Li Xiangyang1 September 2021References24 May 2016Directions in ocean-bottom surveyingThe Leading Edge, Vol. 31, No. 4References29 April 2012Geophysical Surveys and Data Analysis31 August 2010Past and future trends. Two decades of Ocean Bottom Seismic experience in light of Moore's lawMark Thompson and Lasse Amundsen14 October 2009The measure of full motion: Multicomponent seismic exploration and its valueRobert R. Stewart14 October 2009Full‐azimuth imaging through consistent application of ocean‐bottom seismicMark Thompson, Børge Arntsen, and Lasse Amundsen14 September 2007Calibration of cross-line components for sea-bed 4C acquisition systemsGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 52, No. 43D Seismic Technology: Are We Realising Its Full Potential?1 January 2004 | Geological Society, London, Memoirs, Vol. 29, No. 1Converted‐wave seismic exploration: ApplicationsGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 68, No. 1SVD for multioffset linearized inversion: Resolution analysis in multicomponent acquisitionGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 66, No. 3A 9C-2D Land Seismic Experiment for Lithology Estimation of a Permian Clastic ReservoirGeoArabia, Vol. 5, No. 3Geophone orientation and coupling in three-component sea-floor data: a case studyGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 47, No. 6Processing 4‐C sea‐floor seismic data: A case example from the North SeaJianxin Yuan, Li Xiang‐Yang, Anton Ziolkowski, and Floris Strijbos6 January 2005Decomposition of particle velocity fields into up‐ and downgoing P‐ and S‐wavesAre Osen, Line Storelvmo, Lasse Amundsen, and Arne Reitan10 February 2005Prestack time migration applied to marine P‐SV seismic waves22 March 2012 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1994 Pages: 1679 publication data© 1994 Copyright © 1994 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Eivind Berg, Bjørnar Svenning, and James Martin, (1994), "SUMIC: Multicomponent sea‐bottom seismic surveying in the North Sea—Data interpretation and applications," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 477-480. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932132 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Power Delivery Network (PDN) Modeling for Backside-PDN Configurations With Buried Power Rails and $\mu$ TSVs (2019)

In this article, a power delivery network (PDN) modeling framework for backside-PDN configurations is presented. A backside-PDN configuration contains dense microthrough silicon vias (μTSVs) and power/ground metal stack on the backside of the die. This approach separates the PDN from a conventional signaling network of the back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) and improves power integrity and core utilization. We benchmark this technology with conventional front-side BEOL PDN configurations. Owing to the lower resistivity compared with Cu metal lines for advanced technology nodes, we use ruthenium (Ru)-based buried power rail for PDN modeling. Our analysis shows that the steady-state IR-drop reduces by more than 4× in the backside-PDN configuration, and a simultaneous switching noise analysis shows a significant reduction in transient droops. The framework results are validated with a place-and-route (P&R)-based physical implementation flow. We quantify the area improvement in the actual flow and observe 25%-30% improvement in the backside-PDN configuration. From a PDN modeling framework, the PDN results follow a trend similar to the ones obtained from the block-level P&R of the given configurations. Moreover, we investigate the impacts of package-to-die interconnect pitch, metal-insulator-metalcap density, and input pulse on the PDN performance. In addition, we perform thermal modeling to analyze the thermal implications of the backsidePDN configuration. From a thermal modeling perspective, there is negligible influence from a dielectric bonding layer in the backside-PDN configuration.
In vitro adhesion of human epidermal Langerhans cells to laminin and fibronectin occurs through β1 integrin receptors (1992)

Human epidermal Langerhans cells are dendritic cells that can capture, process, and present antigens to T cells. It was previously shown that these Langerhans cells express the very late activation antigen (VLA) protein family of beta 1 integrins. beta 1 integrins mainly mediate the adhesion of cells to a number of extracellular components, such as laminin, fibronectin, and collagen, which are present in the skin. In this report, we demonstrate that a large percentage of the Langerhans cell population was able in vitro to attach to laminin and fibronectin but not to collagen. An ultrastructural study of adherent Langerhans cells showed that they were spread largely on laminin, with a loss of their round shape, and partially on fibronectin. Langerhans cell binding to laminin or fibronectin induced a decrease of the Birbeck granule number. Specific inhibitions of cell adhesion were performed, and it was demonstrated that VLA-6 was the major receptor involved in Langerhans cell adhesion to laminin. This adhesion was not RGD dependent and was slightly enhanced by Mn2+. VLA-3 and especially VLA-5 mediated Langerhans cell binding to fibronectin through the RGDS sequence of the protein. Mn2+ sharply increased the Langerhans cell adhesion to fibronectin. VLA-6 mediated in vitro Langerhans cell adhesion to laminin, which suggests that in vivo VLA-6 could permit Langerhans cells to attach and migrate through the basement membrane. Moreover, VLA-5 and VLA-3 take part in the in vitro Langerhans cell binding to fibronectin, suggesting that in vivo these fibronectin receptors could facilitate Langerhans cell passage throughout the fibronectin network of the dermis before migration to lymph nodes.
Bioavailability of hCG after intramuscular or subcutaneous injection in obese and non-obese women (2003)

Intramuscular dosing of hCG provided better bioavailability than s.c. dosing, but bioavailability was significantly less in obese women than in non-obese women.
The Proximal Promoter of the Mouse Loricrin Gene Contains a Functional AP-1 Element and Directs Keratinocyte-specific but Not Differentiation-specific Expression (1995)

Loricrin gene expression is limited to terminally differentiating keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelia. To define the regulatory elements that mediate the expression of the loricrin gene, we replaced the loricrin coding sequences from a 6.5-kilobase genomic fragment with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and transfected this construct into cultured mouse keratinocytes. High expression levels were observed in both undifferentiated as well as differentiating cells. Transgenic mice bearing a similar construct, but with beta-galactosidase as the reporter gene, corroborated these in vitro findings and showed tissue- and cell type-specific, but not differentiation-specific expression. Deletion analysis of the promoter region determined that sequences up to -60 base pairs from the start of transcription could be removed without significant loss of promoter activity. Within these proximal 60 base pairs is an evolutionarily conserved AP-1 element that is recognized by both purified c-Jun and AP-1 factors from keratinocytes in vitro. Mutation of this AP-1 site abolished the activity of the loricrin promoter. These studies show that elements directing expression of the loricrin gene to the stratified squamous epithelia are contained within a 6.5-kilobase genomic fragment, and those elements required to restrict expression to differentiated keratinocytes lie outside this region.
Humanoid motion planning for dual-arm manipulation and re-grasping tasks (2009)

In this paper, we present efficient solutions for planning motions of dual-arm manipulation and re-grasping tasks. Motion planning for such tasks on humanoid robots with a high number of degrees of freedom (DoF) requires computationally efficient approaches to determine the robot's full joint configuration at a given grasping position, i.e. solving the Inverse Kinematics (IK) problem for one or both hands of the robot. In this context, we investigate solving the inverse kinematics problem and motion planning for dual-arm manipulation and re-grasping tasks by combining a gradient-descent approach in the robot's pre-computed reachability space with random sampling of free parameters. This strategy provides feasible IK solutions at a low computation cost without resorting to iterative methods which could be trapped by joint-limits. We apply this strategy to dual-arm motion planning tasks in which the robot is holding an object with one hand in order to generate whole-body robot configurations suitable for grasping the object with both hands. In addition, we present two probabilistically complete RRT-based motion planning algorithms (J+-RRT and IK-RRT) that interleave the search for an IK solution with the search for a collision-free trajectory and the extension of these planners to solving re-grasping problems. The capabilities of combining IK methods and planners are shown both in simulation and on the humanoid robot ARMAR-III performing dual-arm tasks in a kitchen environment.
In vivo retinal optical coherence tomography at 1040 nm - enhanced penetration into the choroid (2005)

For the first time in vivo retinal imaging has been performed with a new compact, low noise Yb-based ASE source operating in the 1 microm range (NP Photonics, lambdac = 1040 nm, Deltalambda = 50 nm, Pout = 30 mW) at the dispersion minimum of water with ~7 microm axial resolution. OCT tomograms acquired at 800 nm are compared to those achieved at 1040 nm showing about 200 microm deeper penetration into the choroid below the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal OCT at longer wavelengths significantly improves the visualization of the retinal pigment epithelium/choriocapillaris/choroids interface and superficial choroidal layers as well as reduces the scattering through turbid media and therefore might provide a better diagnosis tool for early stages of retinal pathologies such as age related macular degeneration which is accompanied by choroidal neovascularization, i.e., extensive growth of new blood vessels in the choroid and retina.
Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides (2005)

We report the observation of four-wave mixing phenomenon in a simple silicon wire waveguide at the optical powers normally employed in communications systems. The maximum conversion efficiency is about -35 dB in the case of a 1.58-cm-long silicon wire waveguide. The nonlinear refractive index coefficient is found to be 9x10-18 m2/W. This value is not negligible for dense wavelength division multiplexing components, because it predicts the possibility of large crosstalk. On the other hand, with longer waveguide lengths with smaller propagation loss, it would be possible to utilize just a simple silicon wire for practical wavelength conversion. We demonstrate the wavelength conversion for data rate of 10-Gbps using a 5.8-cm-long silicon wire. These characteristics are attributed to the extremely small core of silicon wire waveguides.
Solid Electrolyte Coulometry; Silver Sulfide Bromide Electrolyte (1969)

The properties of a coulometer utilizing a highly conductive solid electrolyte have been investigated. The system consists of silver sulfide bromide as electrolyte, between a silver and a gold electrode. A new faster method of preparation for silver sulfide bromide was developd, and the conductivity was re‐examined with measurements extending to −60°C. Coulombs of charge are recorded by plating silver on the gold electrode and then recovered by stripping the silver from the gold electrolytically. Under carefully controlled conditions more than 99% of the silver plated on the gold could be stripped off. However, long charging periods gave low results, while idle periods between charging and stripping gave high results.
Allelic association patterns for a dense SNP map (2004)

A dense set of 5,000 SNPs on a 10-Mb region of human chromosome 20 has been typed on samples of African Americans, East Asians, and United Kingdom Caucasians. There are departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium beyond the level at which markers are often discarded because of possible genotyping errors. The observation that markers showing such departures are often close together on the chromosome confirms the result that Hardy-Weinberg tests at two loci are correlated to an extent that depends on the linkage disequilibrium between those two markers. Linkage disequilibrium can be described by the composite linkage disequilibrium coefficient, the parameter that determines the behavior of case-control allelic tests of association. A useful preliminary investigation of datasets of this type is provided by counting the numbers of distinct multi-locus genotypes in windows of a few markers.