gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-2 Functions in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Cells through Augmentation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2 Activation. (2011)

In addition to intrinsic genetic alterations, the effects of the extrinsic microenvironment also play a pathological role in cancer development. Altered chemokine/cytokine networks in the tumor microenvironment may contribute to the dysregulation of cellular functions in cancer cells. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma caused by abnormal expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase due to a chromosomal translocation. Notably, ALCL cells are also characterized by high-level expression of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor subunit CD25 on the cell surface. However, whether the IL-2/IL-2 receptor functions in ALCL cells and how this signaling affects the tumor remain unclear. In this study, we treated cultured ALCL cells with exogenous IL-2 and examined changes in cellular function and signaling pathways. IL-2 stimulated cell growth and augmented activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Additionally, IL-2 enhanced lymphoma cell survival by overcoming kinase inhibitor U0126-induced growth arrest and apoptosis. Subsequently, to identify the potential source of IL-2 for lymphoma cells in vivo, we performed gene expression and immunochemical analyses. RT-PCR revealed no IL-2 gene expression in cultured ALCL cells and ruled out the possibility of an IL-2 autocrine loop. Interestingly, immunostaining of lymphoma tumor tissues showed IL-2 protein expression in background cells within tumor tissue, but not in ALCL cells. Our findings demonstrate that IL-2 signaling plays a functional role in ALCL cells, and enhances lymphoma cell survival by increasing activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
The Switch-Mode Flying-Capacitor DC–DC Converters With Improved Natural Balancing (2009)

This paper presents investigations of voltage-sharing stabilization with the use of passive <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLC</i> circuit in switch-mode flying capacitor DC-DC converters. Practical and simulation results and also a mathematical analysis of the balancing process in boost and buck-boost converters are presented. Analyzed converters use additional capacitors (flying capacitors), charged to proper value, for decreasing the voltage on switches and increasing the inductor-current frequency. Such advantages are achieved under proper voltage sharing on the flying capacitors. The voltages are stabilized in a natural way by the load current and with the use of external <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLC</i> circuit to force the current that flows through the converters' capacitors under unbalance state. This paper focuses on the analysis of the balancing phenomenon with the use of the external <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLC</i> circuit in these topologies. The balancing booster improves the balancing process in these converters, making it independent of the load. It can also reduce oscillations that arise in the converters in transient states.
Surfactin variants mediate species‐specific biofilm formation and root colonization in <i>Bacillus</i> (2016)

Cyclic lipopeptides (cLP) and especially surfactins produced by Bacillus spp. trigger biofilm formation and root colonization and are crucial for biocontrol activity and systemic resistance in plants. Bacillus atrophaeus 176s isolated from the moss Tortella tortuosa produces the cLP fengycins, iturins and surfactins, possesses antifungal activities and can protect tomato, lettuce and sugar beet against Rhizoctonia solani infection. In B. atrophaeus we identified for the first time the variant surfactin C, which differs from surfactin A produced by B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens by an isoleucine instead of a leucine at position 7 of the lipopeptide backbone. The analysis of the complete surfactin gene clusters revealed that the dissimilarity is encoded in the adenylation domain of srfC and show that surfactin variations are distributed in a species-specific manner in bacilli. We demonstrate that the surfactin A and C with subtle structural differences have varying signal strengths on biofilm formation and root colonization and act specifically on the respective producing strain. This became evident as biofilm formation and root colonization but not swarming motility in surfactin biosynthesis mutants was restored differentially in the presence of exogenously supplemented cognate and non-cognate surfactin variants.
Regimes of Traction in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (1986)

The rheological behaviour of the lubricant in an elastohydrodynamic contact depends upon the properties of the fluid and the imposed conditions of load, speed and temperature. For a lubricant of known rheological properties, it is shown how a ‘map’ can be constructed in which different areas of the map correspond to different regimes of behaviour. The coordinates chosen for the map are non-dimensional pressure and a parameter which is closely related to the film thickness. Given the load, speed and temperature, the operating conditions can be located as a point in the map. Maps have been constructed for three fluids: a mineral oil, polyphenyl ether 5P4E and a traction fluid. In general the maps display four regimes: (a) Newtonian, (b) Eyring, (c) viscoelastic and (d) elastic-plastic. Appropriate constitutive equations are proposed for each regime from which the traction forces can be predicted. The maximum traction coefficients calculated in this way are well supported by experiment.
GaAs Heteroepitaxial Growth on an InP (001) Substrate (1991)

We have observed GaAs growth processes on an InP (001) surface thermally cleaned in an arsenic flux using a multichamber ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (UHV-STM) equipped with a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) facility. When either 1 monolayer (ML) or 1.5 ML GaAs was deposited on an InP (001) surface, two-dimensional growth was observed. On the other hand, island formation was observed for 2.5 ML GaAs deposition.
Multi-Conditional Learning for Joint Probability Models with Latent Variables (2006)

We introduce Multi-Conditional Learning, a framework for optimizing graphical models based not on joint likelihood, or on conditional likelihood, but based on a product of several marginal conditional likelihoods each relying on common sets of parameters from an underlying joint model and predicting different subsets of variables conditioned on other subsets. When applied to undirected models with latent variables, such as the Harmonium, this approach can result in powerful, structured latent variable representations that combine some of the advantages of conditional random fields with the unsupervised clustering ability of popular topic models, such as latent Dirichlet allocation and its successors. We present new algorithms for parameter estimation using expected gradient based optimization and develop fast approximate inference algorithms inspired by the contrastive divergence approach. Our initial experimental results show improved cluster quality on synthetic data, promising results on a vowel recognition problem and significant improvement inferring hidden document categories from multiple attributes of documents. 1
MIDSCA: Towards a Smart Camera architecture of mobile internet devices (2008)

Each mobile phone with a built-in CMOS sensor can inherently be seen as smart camera itself. Previous work in the research field of smart camera networks intensively focused on custom hardware solutions to optimise the execution of computationally intensive computer vision algorithms. In contrast, we propose an architecture for smart camera networks consisting of low-cost mobile Internet devices (e.g. mobile phones or PDAs). Due to mass production their price decreases steadily, although their processing capacity as well as their networking abilities increases. New standards like LTE promise bandwidth increases as high as 100 Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50 Mbps on the uplink. In this paper, we present MIDSCA, an architecture for self-organising smart camera networks consisting of mobile Internet devices. One component of our architecture uses visual events themselves to implement an algorithm which is able to synchronise mobile devices with the same field of view with the accuracy of one frame. This synchronisation makes way for future mobile surveillance scenarios as multiple cameras are able to establish a common notion of concurrent events. An initial prototype of MIDSCA has been developed and bases upon a Linux operating system. Evaluations show that our algorithm is highly suitable for mobile devices as it is mostly invariant with respect to distinct perspectives and illuminations.
Induction of experimental ulcerative colitis by <i>Fusobacterium varium</i> isolated from colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (2002)

Background: Bacteria are implicated in certain forms of model chronic colitis but the identity and role of bacteria in human ulcerative colitis (UC) are uncertain. Aims: To isolate pathogenic bacteria from inflamed mucosa of patients with UC, to examine whether the bacteria have a toxin to Vero cells, and to determine whether the toxin induces UC-like lesions in animals. Methods: Bacteria were isolated from UC patients and supernatants from cultures were filtered and tested for cytotoxicity to Vero cells. Bacterial cells producing the cytotoxic supernatants were examined by polymerase chain reaction for verotoxin genes. Culture supernatants of cytotoxic strains were examined by high performance liquid chromatography for organic acid concentrations. Mice were given enemas containing organic acid at the mean concentration in the supernatants of cytotoxic strains to ascertain whether colonic lesions appear in UC. Results: Only supernatants from cultures of Fusobacterium varium killed Vero cells. Bacterial cells lacked verotoxin genes. Bacterial culture supernatants contained high concentrations of n -butyric acid and the mean concentration (32 mmol/l) was cytotoxic to Vero cells. Twenty four hours after mice were given enemas containing either butyric acid or F varium culture supernatants, colonic ulcers with crypt abscesses, inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptotic changes were observed. Conclusions: Butyric acid in culture supernatants from cultures of F varium caused UC-like lesions in mice. This study indicates that F varium may be one of the elusive pathogenic factors in UC.
A validation of multiple malingering detection methods in a large clinical sample (2003)

The purpose of this study is to further previous research that has shown that common neuropsychological tests can do "double duty" as test of motivation/malingering. Using a large clinical sample of 796 participants, it was found that the nine neuropsychological tests (when used together) were able to correctly identify litigant and nonlitigating groups. Failure on any two of the malingering tests suggested motivational/malingering issues. The groups consisted of mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain-injured patients; chronic pain, depressed, community controls, and "malingering actors." Institutionalized and noninstitutionalized patient performance were also examined. This method showed 83% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A 0% false positive rate was found, suggesting good reliability especially in litigating settings. A group of patients for whom this method of motivational assessment might not be appropriate was also identified.
Interleukin-22 Treatment Ameliorates Alcoholic Liver Injury in a Murine Model of Chronic-Binge Ethanol Feeding: Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (2010)

Chronic-binge ethanol feeding may be a useful model to study the early stages of alcoholic liver injury. IL-22 treatment could be a potential therapeutic option to ameliorate alcoholic liver disease, due to its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antisteatotic, proliferative, and antimicrobial effects with the added benefit of potentially few side effects.
Scenarios for Development, Test and Validation of Automated Vehicles (2018)

The latest version of the ISO 26262 standard from 2016 represents the state of the art for a safety-guided development of safety-critical electric/electronic vehicle systems. These vehicle systems include advanced driver assistance systems and vehicle guidance systems. The development process proposed in the ISO 26262 standard is based upon multiple V-models, and defines activities and work products for each process step. In many of these process steps, scenario based approaches can be applied to achieve the defined work products for the development of automated driving functions. To accomplish the work products of different process steps, scenarios have to focus on various aspects like a human understandable notation or a description via state variables. This leads to contradictory requirements regarding the level of detail and way of notation for the representation of scenarios. In this paper, the authors discuss requirements for the representation of scenarios in different process steps defined by the ISO 26262 standard, propose a consistent terminology based on prior publications for the identified levels of abstraction, and demonstrate how scenarios can be systematically evolved along the phases of the development process outlined in the ISO 26262 standard.
Grasp adjustment on novel objects using tactile experience from similar local geometry (2013)

Due to pose uncertainty, merely executing a planned-to-be stable grasp usually results in an unstable grasp in the physical world. In our previous work [1], we proposed a tactile experience based grasping pipeline which utilizes tactile feedback to adjust hand posture during the grasping task of known objects and improves the performance of robotic grasping under pose uncertainty. In this paper, we extend our work to grasp novel objects by utilizing local geometric similarity. To do this, we select a series of shape primitives to parameterize potential local geometries which novel objects may share in common. We then build a tactile experience database that stores information of stable grasps on these local geometries. Using this tactile experience database, our method is able to guide a grasp adjustment process to grasp novel objects around similar local geometries. Experiments indicate that our approach improves the grasping performance on novel objects with similar local geometries under pose uncertainty.
<i>In vivo</i> Anti‐tumor Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol‐modified Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α against Tumor Necrosis Factor‐resistant Tumors (1996)

We previously reported that the optimally PEGylated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (MPEG-TNF-alpha), in which 56% of the TNF-alpha-lysine amino groups were coupled with polyethylene glycol (PEG), had about 100-fold greater anti-tumor effect than native TNF-alpha. Here, we assessed the usefulness of MPEG-TNF-alpha as a systemic anti-tumor therapeutic drug, using B16-BL6 melanoma and colon-26 adenocarcinoma, which have been reported to be resistant to TNF-alpha in vivo, as compared with Meth-A fibrosarcoma. MPEG-TNF-alpha markedly inhibited the growth of both tumors without causing any TNF-alpha-mediated side-effects, whereas native TNF-alpha had no anti-tumor effects and caused adverse side-effects. In addition, MPEG-TNF-alpha drastically inhibited the metastatic colony formation of B16-BL6 melanoma. MPEG-TNF-alpha may, thus, be a potential systemic anti-tumor therapeutic agent.
Effect of particle size on the ferroelectric behaviour of tetragonal and rhombohedral Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>ceramics and powders (1995)

The effect of particle size on the structure and ferroelectric behaviour of PZT powders and ceramics with bulk tetragonal and rhombohedral compositions is reported. To our knowledge, this is the first report of particle size effects for the rhombohedral PZT composition. It is pointed out that, below a certain critical size, the formation of ferroelectric domains is not energetically favourable. As a result, the ferroelectric transition may be suppressed due to depolarization and/or elastic energy contributions.
Pulmonary Emphysema Induced by Cigarette Smoke Solution and Lipopolysaccharide in Guinea Pigs (2009)

Exposure of animals to cigarette smoke for longer than 3 months leads to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) showing pulmonary emphysema. We attempted to create a COPD model with emphysema that could be established in a shorter period of time. Guinea pigs were intratracheally treated once a day on days 0-3, 5-8, 10-13 and 15-18 with a cigarette smoke solution (CSS), which was prepared by bubbling a stream of smoke into saline. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered intratracheally as an exacerbation factor on days 4, 9 and 14. By day 19, there was a gradual elevation of specific airway resistance (sRaw). In addition, both residual volume and functional residual capacity were found to be significantly higher on day 19. In the lungs, there was a marked increase in leukocytes, especially neutrophils. Histologically, we observed epithelial hyperplasia and emphysema. On the other hand, daily oral administration of theophylline during the administration of CSS and LPS suppressed the sRaw increase and the epithelial hyperplasia, but not other functional structural changes. In conclusion, we established an experimental COPD model in guinea pigs by using intratracheal instillations of CSS and LPS over a considerably shorter term than has been reported for other models.
3D space representation using epipolar plane depth image (2010)

We propose a novel 3D space representation for multi-view video, using epipolar plane depth images (EPDI). Multi-view video plus depth (MVD) is used as common data format for FTV(Free-viewpoint TV), which enables synthesizing virtual view images. Due to large amount of data and complexity of the multi-view video coding (MVC), compression of MVD is a challenging issue. We address this problem and propose a new representation that is constructed from MVD using rayspace. MVD is converted into image and depth ray-spaces. The proposed representation is obtained by converting each of ray-spaces into a global depth map and a texture map using EPDI. Experiments demonstrate the analysis of this representation, and its efficiency.
Gefitinib Enhances the Antitumor Activity and Oral Bioavailability of Irinotecan in Mice (2004)

As a single agent the ERBB1 inhibitor, gefitinib (Iressa; ZD1839) showed minimal activity against a panel of 10 pediatric tumor xenografts that do not express the ERBB1 receptor. However, combined with irinotecan (CPT-11), significantly greater than additive activity was observed in four of eight models (P < 0.05), and the combination showed enhanced activity against three additional tumor lines. Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), a transporter that confers resistance to SN-38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan), was readily detected in six of nine xenograft models examined by immunohistochemistry. In vitro gefitinib potently reversed resistance to SN-38 only in a cell line that overexpressed functional ABCG2. However, overexpression of ABCG2 did not decrease accumulation nor increase the rate of efflux of [(14)C]gefitinib. On the basis of these results and the distribution of Abcg2 in mouse tissues, we assessed the ability of gefitinib to modulate irinotecan pharmacokinetics. Oral gefitinib coadministration resulted in no change in clearance of intravenously administered irinotecan. However, gefitinib treatment dramatically increased the oral bioavailability of irinotecan after simultaneous oral administration. It is concluded that gefitinib may modulate SN-38 activity at the cellular level to reverse tumor resistance mediated by ABCG2 through inhibiting drug efflux and may be used potentially in humans to modulate the oral bioavailability of a poorly absorbed camptothecin such as irinotecan.
Case management: an evaluation at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles. (2002)

This prospective, quantitative, and qualitative evaluation of the case management program at CHLA clearly demonstrated the value of professional service coordination of care for children with complex, special health needs. Most specifically, the program documented improvement in three discrete areas of evaluation: 1. Financial, with decreased unnecessary expenditures and increased revenue. 2. Patient satisfaction, documented with validated questionnaires. 3. Clinical process improvement, using quantifiable clinical outcomes. At the very least, case management is an extremely valuable service in the present managed health care environment, and may in fact be indispensable.
p80/85 Cortactin Associates with the Src SH2 Domain and Colocalizes with v-Src in Transformed Cells (1995)

Expression of oncogenic variants of pp60src leads to dramatic changes in cytoskeletal organization characteristic of transformation. Activated Src associates with the cytoskeletal matrix, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of specific cytoskeletal substrates. We have previously shown that stable association of Src with the cytoskeletal matrix is mediated by the Src SH2 domain in a phosphotyrosine-dependent interaction. In this report, we demonstrate that one of the cytoskeletal binding partners of Src is p80/85 cortactin. The association was observed in lysates of transformed cells but was not seen in normal fibroblasts. The interaction could be reconstituted in vitro using transformed cell extracts and a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein containing the Src SH2 domain but not with GST-Src SH3 or with GST-Src SH2 containing a point mutation in the FLVRES sequence. Confocal microscopy revealed that cortactin redistributed and colocalized with v-Src and a Src SH3 deletion mutant in transformed cells. However, in cells expressing a Src SH2 deletion mutant, the redistribution of cortactin and colocalization with Src did not occur. Furthermore, biochemical fractionation of transformed cells indicated that a significant increase in cortactin distribution to the cytoskeletal fraction occurred, which correlated with a shift in the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the protein. Cortactin fractionated from cells expressing kinase-defective or myristylation-defective Src mutants did not exhibit this shift. These data suggest a molecular mechanism by which tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin and association with the Src SH2 domain influence the cytoskeletal reorganization induced in Src-transformed cells.
Establishing Appropriate Genome-Wide Significance Levels for Canine Linkage Analyses (2003)

A threshold of 3.3 for a genome-wide maximum LOD score (MAXLOD) has been demonstrated in human linkage studies as corresponding to a type I error rate of 5%. Generalization of this work to other species assumes the presence of an infinitely dense marker map. While this assumption is increasingly realistic for the human genome, it may be unrealistic for the dog genome. In this study we establish the analytic and empirical thresholds for MAXLOD in canine linkage studies corresponding to type I error rates of 5% and 1% for autosomal traits. Empirical thresholds are computed via simulation assuming a 10 cM map with no fine mapping performed. Pedigree structures for simulations were drawn from two canine disease studies. Five thousand replicates of genome-wide null genotype data were simulated and analyzed for each disease. We determined that MAXLOD thresholds of 3.2 and 2.7 correspond to analytic and empirical type I error rates of 5%, respectively. In all cases, the MAXLOD thresholds from simulations were always at least 0.5 LOD units below the corresponding analytic thresholds. We therefore recommend that a threshold of 3.2 be used for canine linkage studies when fine mapping is performed, and that researchers perform their own simulation studies to assess genome-wide empirical significance levels when no fine mapping is performed.