gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computing A*B (mod N) efficiently in ANSI C (1992)

The modular product computation A*B (mod N) is a bottleneck for some public-key encryption algorithms, as well as many exact computations implemented using the Chinese Remainder Theorem. We show how to compute A*B (mod N) efficiently, for single-precision A, B, and N, on a modern RISC architecture (Intel 80860) in ANSI C. On this architecture, our method computes A*B (mod N) faster than ANSI C computes A%N, for unsigned longs A and N.
Impact of mobility on TCP/IP: an integrated performance study (1995)

This paper presents a simulation analysis of the impact of mobility on TCP/IP augmented with features to support host mobility in wide area networks. Our results show that the existing version of TCP can yield low throughput in highly mobile environments due to the fact that TCP cannot discriminate packets dropped due to hand-offs with those dropped due to congestion in one or more network resources. As a result, TCP invokes a congestion recovery process when packets are lost during internetwork hand-offs of the mobile host. We investigate a proposal in which the transport layer explicitly receives information from the network layer of any ongoing mobility. We show that by effectively capitalizing this information, TCP can appropriately extend the slow-start phase in the recovery process and achieve higher throughput. Based on the simulation analysis we also show the robustness of this scheme in the presence of both host mobility and network congestion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Aspects of Molten Fluoride Reactors (1958)

Reactors which utilize circulating liquids as fuels pose serious problems in chemistry and chemical engineering as substitutes for the difficult mechanical problems of more conventional'' reactor designs. The Aircraft Reactor Experiment recently demonstrated the feasibility of such a reactor using a molten salt mixture as the circulating fuel. This paper describes what appear to be adequate solutions to many of the chemical problems of high-temperature reactors of this class.
The Preparation of Heterocyclic Sulfonamides<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Heterocyclic Sulfonamides1Richard O. Roblin Jr. and James W. ClappCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 11, 4890–4892Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01167a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01167a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1590Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevalence and variability of orthostatic hypotension in the elderly. Results of the ‘Italian study on blood pressure in the elderly (SPAA)’ (1992)

The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in an elderly outpatient population was assessed according to the most common criteria given in the literature. Short-term OH variability and relationships between OH and its known risk factors were also analysed. A sample of 3858 elderly outpatients aged 65 years or more was randomly recruited by 444 Italian general practitioners. The patients' blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were recorded in both lying and standing positions at two visits 7 days apart. Three definitions were used for the identification of OH: (1) a decrease in systolic BP greater than 20 mmHg (SOH); (2) a decrease in both systolic (greater than 20 mmHg) and diastolic (greater than 10 mmHg) BP (SDOH); (3) any decrease in systolic BP associated with symptoms (SyOH). Prevalence figures for SOH were 13.8% at the first and 12.6% at the second visit, and respectively 5.3 and 4.8% for SDOH, 14.1 and 11.8% for SyOH. All the criteria were met by less than 2% of subjects at each visit. The diagnosis of OH was confirmed at both visits in 36.3% of cases for SOH, in 25.7% for SDOH, and in 43.9% for SyOH. Each different OH definition identifies a population subgroup characterized by different sets of risk-factors. The presence and prevalence of OH is difficult to define because different people may be identified by the currently accepted criteria or by the same criterion over a short time.
Effect of a thin dielectric layer on terahertz transmission characteristics for metal hole arrays (2005)

We studied the role of surface-plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a bandpass transmission property of two-dimensional metal hole arrays (2D-MHAs) by investigating the effect of thin dielectric layers on the 2D-MHA surfaces. We measured zero-order transmission spectra of the 2D-MHAs by changing the thickness of the dielectric layer and found that the bandpass transmission peak shifted to the lower-frequency side with increasing layer thickness, owing to the change of the resonant frequency of the SPP. This result shows that SPPs play a crucial role in the transmission property of 2D-MHAs in the terahertz region.
Levosimendan is not effective in reducing pulmonary pressures in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: report of two cases (2009)

Currently, prostacyclin, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are recommended therapy in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, each of these drugs has limited efficacy in the improvement of clinical symptoms, pulmonary hemodynamics and long-term survival. Levosimendan, a novel calcium-sensitizing inodilator agent, has been shown to have pulmonary vasodilatory action. However, the potential pulmonary vasodilating effect of levosimendan in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension remains unclear. Levosimendan administered in two patients with nonvasoreactive idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension exhibited deterioration in clinical status, and, contrary to what was expected, levosimendan was found to increase pulmonary pressures and did not lead to a substantial improvement of the patient's condition.
An Optimized Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector(AOMDV) Routing Protocol (2005)

To avoid frequent route discovery, various multipath routing protocol has been proposed based on the existing single path routing protocol in ad hoc networks. Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) is one of extensions to the well-studied ad hoc on distance vector (AODV). In this paper an optimized AOMDV (OAOMDV) is presented to solve the "route cutoff" problem in AOMDV. The proposed protocol adds a new scheme into AOMDV and simulation results show the performance improvement
JPEG at 25: Still Going Strong (2017)

JPEG is celebrating the 25th anniversary of its approval as a standard this year. Where did JPEG come from, and what are the fundamental components that have given it longevity?
Bisphenol‐A Affects Spermatogenesis in the Adult Rat Even at a Low Dose (2001)

Bisphenol‐A Affects Spermatogenesis in the Adult Rat Even at a Low Dose: Motoharu Sakaue, et al. Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies— Bisphenol‐A (BPA), a xenobiotic estrogenic compound widely used as a plastics monomer, has been suspected to have a so‐called low dose effect on the reproductive system when administered transplacentally. In the present study, we investigated possible low‐dose effects of BPA on spermatogenesis in adult rats. Male rats (13 weeks old; W13) were administrated a daily oral dose of BPA, ranging from 2 ng to 200 mg/kg, for 6 days and examined for testicular weight (TW) and daily sperm production (DSP) at W14 and W18. A BPA dose as low as 20 jug/kg tended to decrease TW and significantly reduced both DSP and the efficiency of spermatogenesis (DSP per gram testis) at W18, showing that BPA suppressed a normal increase in DSP and TW from W13 to W18. A single administration of 20 fig BPA/kg to W13 rats affected the intensity or mobility of several protein spots in the testicular cytosol fraction as shown by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis. The present study showed that BPA at a low dose affects spermatogenesis in the adult rat.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate does not inhibit gonadotropin-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 in pig cumulus-oocyte complexes (2015)

The findings of this study indicate that high cGMP concentrations inhibit the maturation of pig oocytes in vitro but the inhibitory mechanism does not involve the suppression of MAPK3/1 activation in cumulus cells.
Detection of HLA-DR on microglia in the human brain is a function of both clinical and technical factors. (1990)

Detection of HLA-DR, a class II major histocompatibility antigen, on glial cells is dependent not only on duration and type of tissue fixation and processing, but also on clinical factors. Glial cells labeled by anti-HLA-DR were consistent with microglia by light microscopic and ultrastructural criteria, and were colabeled with other microglial markers, including LN-1, Leu-M5, and leukocyte common antigen (LCA). In young and elderly subjects who died suddenly, anti-HLA-DR labeled microglia in the white matter, but far fewer cells in the gray matter. In subjects who died of chronic debilitating illness, such as Alzheimer's disease and carcinomatosis, anti-HLA-DR labeled numerous microglia throughout both the gray and white matter. In Alzheimer's disease, microglia were aggregated in compact senile plaques, but loosely associated with diffuse amyloid deposits. These results suggest that HLA-DR may be constitutively expressed in white matter, but induced in gray matter microglia in chronic disease states or in association with amyloid deposits.
Mechanism of prolongation of pre‐ejection period in the hypertrophied left ventricle with normal systolic function in unanesthetized hypertensive dogs (1988)

To determine the mechanism for prolongation of pre-ejection period (PEP) in the hypertensive heart with normal systolic function, cardiac catheterizations, echocardiograms, and electrocardiograms were performed at the baseline period (CS, control stage) and eight weeks (HS, hypertensive stage) after the induction of systemic hypertension by Page's method in unanesthetized dogs. Mean aortic blood pressure increased significantly (96 +/- 12 to 137 +/- 26 mmHg) (p less than 0.05). Diastolic aortic pressure also increased significantly (80 +/- 12 to 118 +/- 24 mmHg) (p less than 0.01). Left ventricular (LV) PEP of HS was significantly prolonged (72 +/- 12 vs. 87 +/- 22 ms, CS vs. HS). The ratio of LV pre-ejection period to ejection time (PEP/ET) also increased significantly (0.33 +/- 0.04 to 0.42 +/- 0.07) (p less than 0.05). LV end-diastolic wall stress as an index of preload decreased significantly (7.7 +/- 2.5 vs. 5.9 +/- 1.8 10(3) dynes/cm2, CS vs. HS). Heart rate, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) and end-systolic wall stress of HS did not change. That is, myocardial contractility in the hypertensive heart of HS most likely is not depressed. At autopsy, left ventricle to body weight ratio of HS was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than the sham-operated dogs (5.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.5 g/kg). From these findings, there are two possible factors responsible for prolongation of PEP of HS. First, elevated diastolic aortic pressure may influence PEP. Second, the prolonged PEP is possibly caused by the decrease of preload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fingerkontrakturen (1949)

Wir kennen dieselben als angeborene und als erworbene Kontrakturen. Die letzteren können aus den verschiedensten Ursachen entstanden sein, am meisten durch Narbenzüge, die nicht nur die Haut verändert haben (dermatogene), sondern auch die Gelenkkapseln samt Bändern (desmogene) und ferner diejenigen, welche durch Sehnenverkürzung (tendogene) oder durch paralytische Erkrankungen (neurogene) bedingt sind. Unter den traumatischen Ursachen ist die Verbrennung und die Infektion an erster Stelle zu nennen. Gelenk- und Nervenkrankheiten sind weitere nicht seltene Ursachen.
Serum <i>N</i>‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activities in hepatocellular carcinoma (1998)

N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT III) catalyses the addition of N-acetylglucosamine through a beta 1-4 linkage to the mannose of the trimannosyl core, resulting in conversion of the concanavalin A (Con A)-reactive glycan into a non-reactive state. In this study, we measured GnT III activity to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy and its therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Concanavalin A-non-reactive fraction of serum transferrin (Tf) was also determined since the sugar chains of Tf are one of the possible candidates for the product of GnT III. Serum samples (159) were used from patients with HCC (89), liver cirrhosis (30), chronic hepatitis (19), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) producing gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver (five) and healthy controls (16). N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The reactivity of serum Tf to Con A was also analysed in 21 paired HCC samples before and after treatment by crossed immuno-affinoelectrophoresis. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity from the HCC group (153 +/- 72pmol/mL/h) was significantly higher than that from liver cirrhosis (99 +/- 67 pmol/mL per h), chronic hepatitis (84 +/- 39 pmol/mL per h) and the normal controls (62 +/- 16 pmol/mL per h). N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity of 21 patients with HCC was significantly reduced after treatment such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and/or percutaneous ethanol infection therapy, (123 +/- 77 to 100 +/- 60 pmol/mL per h). Commensurate decreases of AFP and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin with GnT III activity were also observed after treatment. The Con A-non-reactive fraction (n = 21; 6.4 +/- 2.3%) in patients with HCC after treatment was significantly lower than before (8.2 +/- 2.4%). The present study suggests that GnT III activity is a possible aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of HCC, especially when other tumour markers are negative.
Ray tracing parametric surface patches utilizing numerical techniques and ray coherence (1986)

A new algorithm for ray tracing parametric surface patches is presented. The method uses quasi-Newton iteration to solve for the ray/surface intersection and utilizes ray-to-ray coherence by using numerical information from adjoining rays as initial approximations to the quasi-Newton algorithm. Techniques based upon object space subdivision are used to insure convergence to the correct interesection point. Examples are given of the use of the algorithm in scenes containing B&eacute;zier surface patches. Results show that a significant number of ray/surface intersections on these parametric surface patches can be found using very few iterations, giving a significant computational savings.
A method for coarse frequency acquisition for Nyquist filtered MPSK (1996)

In mobile satellite communications, frequency offsets are important to estimate before further processing and detection of the received signal. In this work, we devise a straightforward technique for coarse frequency acquisition through the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) computation for samples of the received waveform with a set of special preamble sequences suitable for any Nyquist pulse shape and which can also be used for timing recovery. The technique can be applied to any L-ary phase shift keying (LPSK) modulation scheme, though we apply it to binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and show how to use it with a LPSK scheme. Also, the analysis takes into account the effect of the receiver's narrowband low-pass filter (LPF) on attenuating the noise power which also results in correlated noise samples. Such a treatment of performance with correlated noise is not considered in the literature as the noise is usually assumed to be uncorrelated for simplicity in analysis. The presented results are obtained through theory and verified by computer simulation. A new discrete Fourier transform (DFT) search algorithm, based on the maximum-likelihood principle, and which takes into account the preamble structure, is introduced and examined.
Protective Antibodies Against Influenza Proteins (2019)

The influenza A virus infection continues to be a threat to the human population. The seasonal variation of the virus and the likelihood of periodical pandemics caused by completely new virus strains make it difficult to produce vaccines that efficiently protect against this infection. Antibodies (Abs) are very important in preventing the infection and in blocking virus propagation once the infection has taken place. However, the precise protection mechanism provided by these Abs still needs to be established. Furthermore, most research has focused on Abs directed to the globular head domain of hemagglutinin (HA). However, other domains of HA (like the stem) and other proteins are also able to elicit protective Ab responses. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the role of both neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-influenza proteins Abs that play a protective role during infection or vaccination.
Power and performance comparision of body bias in 28HPC and back bias in 22FDX (2017)

In this paper, the body bias in 28nm Bulk and the back bias in 22nm FDSOI are analyzed and compared from two aspects: power consumption and circuit performance. Taking a 65-stage ring oscillator (RO) with 4-level frequency divider as an example, transistor lengths are all set to 30nm, post simulation results show that, for 22FDX RO, the operating frequency can adjust from 57.8MHz to 206MHz, with the operating current varies from 24uA to 91uA; while for 28HPC, the bulk RO can only modulate the operating frequency from 92.8MHz to 127MHz, with the operating current varies from 67.8uA to 129uA. Therefore, from both view of power and performance, the adjust ability of 22FDX circuits with back bias are much stronger than that of 28HPC circuits with body bias.
Modeling and Automated Containment of Worms (2005)

Self-propagating codes, called worms, such as Code Red, Nimda, and Slammer, have drawn significant attention due to their enormous adverse impact on the Internet. There is a great interest in the research community in modeling the spread of worms and in providing adequate defense mechanisms against them. In this paper, we present a (stochastic) branching process model for characterizing the propagation of Internet worms. This model leads to the development of an automatic worm containment strategy that prevents the spread of worms beyond its early stages. Specifically, using the branching process model, we are able to (1) provide a precise condition that determines whether the worm will eventually die out and (2) provide the probability that the total number of hosts that the worm infects will be below a certain level. We use these insights to develop a simple automatic worm containment scheme, which is demonstrated, through simulations and real trace data, to be both effective and non-intrusive.
Immunization with R mutants of Salmonella minnesota. II. Comparison of the protective effect of immunization with lipid A and the Re mutant (1977)

The protective effect of active immunization with Salmonella minnesota Re bacilli or lipid A was assessed in the granulocytopenic rabbit model. Animals were immunized with Re bacilli, lipid A, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a nonspecific immunogen. After colonization with one of three enterobacterial strains (two Escherichia coli, one Enterobacter aerogenes), the immunized rabbits as well as controls given saline injections were made leukopenic with nitrogen mustard and monitored for fever, bacteremia, and death. Survival rates were significantly greater in Re-immunized animals than in saline controls or P. aeruginosa-immunized animals. Immunization with lipid A afforded no protection. In addition, rabbits immunized with Re mutant bacilli developed bacteremia less frequently than the others, indicating that antibody to Re may inhibit invasion of the intestinal mucosa as well as protect after bacteremia has developed.
The Role of "Colonization Pressure" in the Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (1998)

Acquisition of VRE was affected by colonization pressure, the use of antibiotics, and the use of enteral feeding. However, once colonization pressure was high, it became the major variable affecting acquisition of VRE.
Self-Driving Cars and the Urban Challenge (2008)

This article provides a brief overview of the benefits of autonomous vehicles and Boss, the autonomous vehicle that won the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Autonomous vehicles will improve traffic safety, increase fuel efficiency, and help reconnect the elderly and disabled to our society. Autonomous-vehicle research has been active for the last 20 years, with the recent Urban Challenge building tremendously on past successes. Boss uses onboard sensing and a priori maps of the road environment to navigate safely and effectively. While the Urban Challenge was successful, there is much work to do as this technology becomes increasingly commercialized.
Competence (2015)

Abstract Following a classic OM transformation logic, competences are those combinations of resource and process that together underpin sustainable competitive advantage for a specific firm competing in a particular product/service market. The advantage thus conferred is based on key processes being better than, or different from, those of rivals and sustainable (the duration of which is dependent on the industry sector) because the underlying strategic resources are rare, difficult to copy, difficult to create a substitute for, and difficult to move.
Oxidative Stabilization of Silicone Fluids (1968)

Certain cerium and iron compounds, when properly incorporated by preoxidation, are excellent antioxidants for dimethyl silicone fluids (DMS) and methylphenylsilicone fluids (MPS). The useful life of these stabilized fluids depends on the temperature, on the concentration and dispersion of the redox metal moieties, and on the conditions of aeration—better aeration providing the longer useful life with inhibited DMS. A mechanism of stabilization by the redox metals has been proposed to account for the observed data.
Imaging single cells in a beam of live cyanobacteria with an X-ray laser (CXIDB ID 27) (2015)

Diffraction pattern of a micron-sized S. elongatus cell at 1,100 eV photon energy (1.13 nm wavelength) with ~10^11 photons per square micron on the sample in ~70 fs. The signal to noise ratio at 4 nm resolution is 3.7 with 0.24 photons per Nyquist pixel. The cell was alive at the time of the exposure. The central region of the pattern (dark red) is saturated and this prevented reliable image reconstruction.