gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence and beamspread in ultrafast-laser pulsetrain-burst hole drilling (2006)

Pulsetrain-burst machining has been shown to have advantages over single-pulse laser processing of materials and biological tissues. Ultrafast lasers are often able to drill holes in brittle and other difficult materials without cracking or swelling the target material, as is sometimes the case for nanosecond-pulse ablation; further, pulsetrain-bursts of ultrafast pulses are able to recondition the material during processing for instance, making brittle materials more ductile and striking advantages can result. In the work we report, we have investigated hole-drilling characteristics in metal and glass, using a Nd:glass pulsetrain-burst laser (1054 nm) delivering 1-10 ps pulses at 133 MHz, with trains 3-15 μs long. We show that as the beam propagates down the channel being drilled, the beam loses transverse coherence, and that this affects the etch-rate and characteristics of channel shape: as the original Gaussian beam travels into the channel, new boundary conditions are imposed on the propagating beam principally the boundary conditions of a cylindrical channel, and also the effects of plasma generated at the walls as the aluminum is ablated. As a result, the beam will decompose over the dispersive waveguide modes, and this will affect the transverse coherence of the beam as it propagates, ultimately limiting the maximum depth that laser-etching can reach. To measure transverse beam coherence, we use a Youngs two-slit interference setup. By measuring the fringe visibility for various slit separations, we can extract the transverse coherence as a function of displacement across the beam. However, this requires many data runs for different slit separations. Our solution to this problem is a novel approach to transverse coherence measurements: a modified Michelson interferometer. Flipping the beam left-right on one arm, we can interfere the beam with its own mirror-image and characterise the transverse coherence across the beam in a single shot.
ME1 promotes basal-like breast cancer progression and associates with poor prognosis (2018)

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is associated with a poor clinical outcome due to the few treatment options and absence of effective targeted agents. Here, we show that malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is dramatically upregulated in BLBC due to ME1 copy number amplification. ME1 expression increases glucose uptake and lactate production, and reduces oxygen consumption, leading to aerobic glycolysis. ME1 expression promotes, whereas knockdown of ME1 expression suppresses tumorigenicity. In breast cancer patients, ME1 expression is positively correlated with large tumor size, high grade, poor survival, and chemotherapy resistance. Our study not only contributes to a new understanding of how metabolic reprogramming contributes to BLBC progression, but also provides a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for this challenging disease.
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships of 5-HT receptor binding data for tetrahydropyridinylindole derivatives: a comparison of the Hansch and CoMFA methods (1993)

A series of new derivatives of 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)indole (4-THPI) has been synthesized, and their dissociation constants at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes have been determined. The new data were combined with similar binding data on a related set of THPI analogs reported previously (Taylor et al. Mol. Pharmacol. 1988, 34, 42-53) and used to develop 3-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3-D QSARs) for these compounds at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor sites, by the method of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). Since the previous study included several conventional QSARs obtained by Hansch analysis, and the new compounds in some cases fall within the congeneric series used in those analyses, we were able to make a direct comparison of the predictive capabilities of CoMFA and Hansch analysis using identical training and test data sets. The overall quality of actual predictions of activity by both methods appears to be about the same, as assessed by the root mean square (rms) residuals between actual and predicted pKi values. On the one hand, the compounds most poorly predicted by the Hansch analysis were 34, 35, and 37, while compounds 30-33 were relative poorly predicted by CoMFA. However, a clear advantage of CoMFA is the ability to include diversely substituted or noncongeneric analogs that must be omitted from conventional QSAR analysis. Using the entire data set of 45 THPI analogs reported here, pKi predictions for six additional compounds having 5-heteroarylindole substituents gave rms residuals of 0.46 and 0.36 for the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 models, respectively; this is close to the experimental error of the binding data. The significance of the CoMFA field graphs in terms of molecular features required for activity and selectivity at these 5-HT receptor subtypes is discussed.
The Cyclization of 3-Acyldithiocarbazate Esters<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cyclization of 3-Acyldithiocarbazate Esters1Richard W. Young and Kathryn H. WoodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 2, 400–403Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01607a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01607a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views517Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectral Spurs due to Quantization in Nyquist ADCs (2004)

This paper presents intuitive yet quantitative insights into the harmonics of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output spectra. It derives the spectral signatures associated with imperfections in practical ADCs. This understanding leads to remedies based on architecture and time-averaging, which are combined to propose a calibration-free pipeline CMOS ADC that simulations show is capable of better than 100-dB spurious-free dynamic range in the presence of real-life imperfections.
Feature analysis for the EMG signals based on the class distance (2004)

In this paper, a feature vector is extracted from an electromyography (EMG) signal at a wrist, and the EMG signals based on 7 motions are recognized. In order to perform good pattern recognition, it is desirable that the distance in feature vector between classes is far, and that the variance in a class is small. In consideration of these, important frequency bands of EMG signals are selected by using a genetic algorithm. We use the selected frequency band to perform the recognition experiment of EMG signal by a neural network. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by means of computer simulations.
Cell Biology of Acid Secretion by the Parietal Cell (2003)

Acid secretion by the gastric parietal cell is regulated by paracrine, endocrine, and neural pathways. The physiological stimuli include histamine, acetylcholine, and gastrin via their receptors located on the basolateral plasma membranes. Stimulation of acid secretion typically involves an initial elevation of intracellular calcium and/or cAMP followed by activation of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase cascade that triggers the translocation and insertion of the proton pump enzyme, H,K-ATPase, into the apical plasma membrane of parietal cells. Whereas the H,K-ATPase contains a plasma membrane targeting motif, the stimulation-mediated relocation of the H,K-ATPase from the cytoplasmic membrane compartment to the apical plasma membrane is mediated by a SNARE protein complex and its regulatory proteins. This review summarizes the progress made toward an understanding of the cell biology of gastric acid secretion. In particular we have reviewed the early signaling events following histaminergic and cholinergic activation, the identification of multiple factors participating in the trafficking and recycling of the proton pump, and the role of the cytoskeleton in supporting the apical pole remodeling, which appears to be necessary for active acid secretion by the parietal cell. Emphasis is placed on identifying protein factors that serve as effectors for the mechanistic changes associated with cellular activation and the secretory response.
Head and neck adaptive radiotherapy: Predicting the time to replan (2016)

For H&N patients with large nodes receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy, replanning may be considered at the commencement of week 3 for NPC patients and in week 4 of treatment for OPC patients. This information may facilitate a forward planning approach to H&N ART that enables allocation of departmental resources prior to treatment commencement.
Clinical assessment of left ventricular regional contraction patterns and ejection fraction by high-resolution gated scintigraphy. (1975)

An improved, noninvasive, radionuclidic, gated blood-pool imaging technique has been developed for clinical analysis of regional contraction abnormalities of the left ventricle and determination of ejection fraction. The principal innovations include high-resolution collimation, higher information density, improved method for dynamic aortic-mitral-diaphragmatic border delineation, accurate selection of the endsystolic gating interval through the use of the phonocardiogram, and accurate end-diastole by on-line gating immediately following the electrocardiographic QRS. The results of scintigraphic studies were compared with selective radiopaque cineangiographic findings in 27 patients with cardiac disease; excellent correlations of ejection fractions (r = 0.93) and abnormal contraction patterns (17/17 patients) were demonstrated. In addition, the clinical usefulness in evaluating ventricular performance was demonstrated in 79 patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease. This radionuclidic technique allowed assessment of reversibility of segmental dyssynergy by the response to nitroglycerin in 20 patients. These findings demonstrate the validity of this improved radionuclidic technique in the atraumatic quantification of ventricular function and suggest its usefulness in a variety of clinical conditions.
Investigation of radio resource scheduling in WLANs coupled with 3G cellular network (2003)

In this article, based on the overview of network coupling structure between radio access technologies, the concept of joint radio resource management built onto the reference structure is introduced. In order to optimize usage of radio resource and jointly designed from the user perspective, a joint scheduling mechanism allowing traffic to be split over a tightly coupled radio network supported by an adaptive radio multihoming approach is deliberately discussed. With respect to the time-division access scheme in HIPERLAN/2, which is selected as one example of WLAN, algorithms and performance of traffic scheduling in such a radio access technology are given. The required synchronization scheme supporting traffic splitting is also introduced.
Longitudinal relationships of levels of language in writing and between writing and reading in grades 1 to 7. (2010)

Longitudinal structural equation modeling was used to evaluate longitudinal relationships across adjacent grade levels 1 to 7 for levels of language in writing (Model 1, subword letter writing, word spelling, and text composing) or writing and reading (Model 2, subword letter writing and word spelling and reading; Model 3, word spelling and reading and text composing and comprehending). Significant longitudinal relationships were observed within and across levels of language: spelling to spelling and spelling to composing (Grades 1 to 7), Models 1 and 3, and composing to spelling (Grades 3 to 6, Model 1; Grades 4 to 6, Model 3); spelling to word reading and word reading to spelling (Grades 2 to 7), Models 2 and 3; spelling to word reading (Grade 1), Model 2, and word reading to spelling (Grade 1), Model 3; composition to comprehension (Grades 3 to 5), Model 3; comprehension to composition (Grades 2 to 6), Model 3; and comprehension to word reading (Grades 1 to 6), Model 3. Results are discussed in reference to the levels of language in translating ideas into written language and integrating writing and reading.
Magnetic Control of Particle Injection in Plasma Based Accelerators (2011)

The use of an external transverse magnetic field to trigger and to control electron self-injection in laser- and particle-beam driven wakefield accelerators is examined analytically and through full-scale particle-in-cell simulations. A magnetic field can relax the injection threshold and can be used to control main output beam features such as charge, energy, and transverse dynamics in the ion channel associated with the plasma blowout. It is shown that this mechanism could be studied using state-of-the-art magnetic fields in next generation plasma accelerator experiments.
Introduction: the mechano-biochemistry of molecular motors (2000)

Review Article| April 01 2000 Introduction: the mechano-biochemistry of molecular motors Rob Cross Rob Cross 1Molecular Motors Group, Marie Curie Research Institute, Oxted, Surrey RH8 OTE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Essays Biochem (2000) 35: 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1042/bse0350001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation George Banting, Steve J. Higgins, Rob Cross; Introduction: the mechano-biochemistry of molecular motors. Essays Biochem 1 April 2000; 35 1–2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bse0350001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsEssays in Biochemistry Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 The Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Dystonia induced by combined treatment with <scp>L</scp>‐dopa and MK‐801 in parkinsonian monkeys (1992)

We examined whether the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine) would reverse parkinsonism or potentiate the effects of L-dopa in primates treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). In contrast to its effect in rodent models, treatment with MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) caused bradykinesia and ataxia in parkinsonian primates, but no locomotor stimulation. Coadministration of MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) with L-dopa (20 mg/kg) induced marked dystonia accompanied by bradykinesia and ataxia. Dystonia was not induced by either treatment given alone. These findings indicate that MK-801 should not be advocated as an adjunct to dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinson's disease.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF 5‐SUBSTITUTED OXAZOLE‐4‐CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH INHIBITORY ACTIVITY ON BLOOD PLATELET AGGREGATION (1984)

Abstract Die Säurechloride (I) reagieren mit dem Isocyanessigsäuremethylester (II) zu den Oxazolcarbonsäureestern (III), die in die Säuren (IVa) und die Amide (IVb) übergeführt werden.
Identification of cell types responsible for bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (1998)

Focal resorption of bone at the bone-pannus interface is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and can result in significant morbidity. However, the specific cellular and hormonal mechanisms involved in this process are not well established. We examined tissue sections from areas of bone erosion in patients with RA and JRA. Multinucleated cells (MNCs) were present in resorption lacunae in areas of calcified cartilage and in subchondral bone immediately adjacent to calcified cartilage, as previously described. mRNA for the calcitonin receptor (CTR) was localized to these MNCs in bone resorption lacunae, a finding that definitively identifies these cells as osteoclasts. These MNCs were also positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) mRNA and TRAP enzymatic activity. Occasional mononuclear cells on the bone surface were also CTR positive. Mononuclear cells and MNCs not on bone surfaces were CTR negative. The restriction of CTR-positive cells to the surface of mineralized tissues suggests that bone and/or calcified cartilage provide signals that are critical for the differentiation of hematopoietic osteoclast precursors to fully differentiated osteoclasts. Some MNCs and mononuclear cells off bone and within invading tissues were TRAP positive. These cells likely represent the precursors of the CTR-TRAP-positive cells on bone. Parathyroid hormone receptor mRNA was present in cells with the phenotypic appearance of osteoblasts, in close proximity to MNCs, and in occasional cells within pannus tissue, but not in the MNCs in bone resorption lacunae. These findings demonstrate that osteoclasts within the rheumatoid lesion do not express parathyroid hormone receptor. In conclusion, the resorbing cells in RA exhibit a definitive osteoclastic phenotype, suggesting that pharmacological agents that inhibit osteoclast recruitment or activity are rational targets for blocking focal bone erosion in patients with RA and JRA.
Increasing the Distance of an External Focus of Attention Enhances Standing Long Jump Performance (2011)

Numerous studies have demonstrated that using verbal instructions to direct a performers attention externally (i.e., toward the effect of the movement) significantly enhances motor skill performance. Limited research has also demonstrated that increasing the distance of an external focus relative to the body magnifies the effect of an external focus of attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the distance of an external focus of attention on standing long jump performance. Using a counterbalanced within-participant design, recreationally trained male subjects (n = 35) performed 2 standing long jumps following 3 different sets of verbal instructions (total of 6 jumps; each separated by 1 minute of seated rest). One set of instructions was designed to focus attention externally near the body (EXN); another set of instructions directed attention externally to a target farther from the body (EXF); the last set of instructions served as a control condition (CON) and did not encourage a specific focus of attention. The results indicated that the EXN and EXF conditions elicited jump distances that were significantly greater than the CON condition. In addition, the subjects in the EXF condition jumped significantly farther than those in the EXN condition. These findings suggest that increasing the distance of an external focus of attention, relative to the body, immediately improves standing long jump performance.
Diffuse double diffraction of X-rays (1967)

Abstract : A Monte Carlo method has been used to evaluate the magnitude of twice scattered x-rays in diffraction experiments. The quantitative effects of variations in the primary scattering distribution, the absorption coefficient, the scattering power of the atoms, the x-ray wavelength, the specimen thickness, the monochromator and slit configuration and of polarization corrections have been derived. These factors have various influences on the magnitude and angular distribution of the twice scattered radiation.
Meta-Transfer Learning for Zero-Shot Super-Resolution (2020)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown dramatic improvements in single image super-resolution (SISR) by using large-scale external samples. Despite their remarkable performance based on the external dataset, they cannot exploit internal information within a specific image. Another problem is that they are applicable only to the specific condition of data that they are supervised. For instance, the low-resolution (LR) image should be a "bicubic" downsampled noise-free image from a high-resolution (HR) one. To address both issues, zero-shot super-resolution (ZSSR) has been proposed for flexible internal learning. However, they require thousands of gradient updates, i.e., long inference time. In this paper, we present Meta-Transfer Learning for Zero-Shot Super-Resolution (MZSR), which leverages ZSSR. Precisely, it is based on finding a generic initial parameter that is suitable for internal learning. Thus, we can exploit both external and internal information, where one single gradient update can yield quite considerable results. With our method, the network can quickly adapt to a given image condition. In this respect, our method can be applied to a large spectrum of image conditions within a fast adaptation process.
New synthesis of trans,trans-2-[6-(ethoxycarbonyl)hexyl]-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxycyclopentanone, a useful intermediate for the synthesis of prostaglandins (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthesis of trans,trans-2-[6-(ethoxycarbonyl)hexyl]-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxycyclopentanone, a useful intermediate for the synthesis of prostaglandinsRoberto Danieli, Giorgio Martelli, Giuseppe Spunta, Sandra Rossini, Gianfranco Cainelli, and Mauro PanunzioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1, 123–125Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00149a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00149a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts