gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new approach to analyze interconnect delays in RC wire models (2003)

This paper studies the step-response of RC wires with source resistance R/sub S/ and load capacitance C/sub L/, which is the most commonly used model for a wire in VLSI circuits. In particular, we obtain the normalized values of some of the common threshold-crossing times at the output load. Asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) is utilized to calculate time delay differences. Graphical aids to determine the required number of RC cells in an interconnect are proposed. The accuracy of the RC lumped circuit models are dependent not only on the number of sections, but also on the ratio of wire resistance to source resistance and on the ratio of wire capacitance to load capacitance. A kind of symmetry between T- and Pi-structure models is also illustrated in this paper.
Speculative Taint Tracking (STT) (2019)

Speculative execution attacks present an enormous security threat, capable of reading arbitrary program data under malicious speculation, and later exfiltrating that data over microarchitectural covert channels. Since these attacks first rely on being able to read arbitrary data (potential secrets), a conservative approach to defeat all attacks is to delay the execution of instructions that read those secrets, until those instructions become non-speculative.
High-power CMUTs: design and experimental verification (2012)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have great potential to compete with piezoelectric transducers in high-power applications. As the output pressures increase, nonlinearity of CMUT must be reconsidered and optimization is required to reduce harmonic distortions. In this paper, we describe a design approach in which uncollapsed CMUT array elements are sized so as to operate at the maximum radiation impedance and have gap heights such that the generated electrostatic force can sustain a plate displacement with full swing at the given drive amplitude. The proposed design enables high output pressures and low harmonic distortions at the output. An equivalent circuit model of the array is used that accurately simulates the uncollapsed mode of operation. The model facilities the design of CMUT parameters for high-pressure output, without the intensive need for computationally involved FEM tools. The optimized design requires a relatively thick plate compared with a conventional CMUT plate. Thus, we used a silicon wafer as the CMUT plate. The fabrication process involves an anodic bonding process for bonding the silicon plate with the glass substrate. To eliminate the bias voltage, which may cause charging problems, the CMUT array is driven with large continuous wave signals at half of the resonant frequency. The fabricated arrays are tested in an oil tank by applying a 125-V peak 5-cycle burst sinusoidal signal at 1.44 MHz. The applied voltage is increased until the plate is about to touch the bottom electrode to get the maximum peak displacement. The observed pressure is about 1.8 MPa with -28 dBc second harmonic at the surface of the array.
Flow Rate Measurement in Multiphase Flow Using Turbine Flow-meter (2002)

对涡轮流量传感器进行了理论分析,给出了涡轮流量计仪表常数的计算方法,讨论了获得较大固有仪表常数K_0时涡轮传感器结构参数（如叶片数、涡轮半径、口径等）的优化组合问题,通过多相流动实验,总结出K_0与流动密度之间的实验关系,由此给出用涡轮流量计测量多相流的半理论半经验公式,并在油井多相流量测量中得到了实际应用,符合较好。
TREM2 governs Kupffer cell activation and explains <i>belr1</i> genetic resistance to malaria liver stage infection (2013)

Plasmodium liver stage infection is a target of interest for the treatment of and vaccination against malaria. Here we used forward genetics to search for mechanisms underlying natural host resistance to infection and identified triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and MHC class II molecules as determinants of Plasmodium berghei liver stage infection in mice. Locus belr1 confers resistance to malaria liver stage infection. The use of newly derived subcongenic mouse lines allowed to map belr1 to a 4-Mb interval on mouse chromosome 17 that contains the Trem2 gene. We show that Trem2 expression in the nonparenchymal liver cells closely correlates with resistance to liver stage infection, implicating TREM2 as a mediator of the belr1 genetic effect. Trem2-deficient mice are more susceptible to liver stage infection than their WT counterparts. We found that Kupffer cells are the principle cells expressing TREM2 in the liver, and that Trem2(-/-) Kupffer cells display altered functional activation on exposure to P. berghei sporozoites. TREM2 expression in Kupffer cells contributes to the limitation of parasite expansion in isolated hepatocytes in vitro, potentially explaining the increased susceptibility of Trem2(-/-) mice to liver stage infection. The MHC locus was also found to control liver parasite burden, possibly owing to the expression of MHC class II molecules in hepatocytes. Our findings implicate unexpected Kupffer-hepatocyte cross-talk in the control Plasmodium liver stage infection and demonstrate that TREM2 is involved in host responses against the malaria parasite.
Nonequilibrium Segregation and Phase Instability in Alloy Films During Elevated-Temperature Irradiation in a High-Voltage Electron Microscope (1985)

The effects of defect-production rate gradients, caused by the radial nonuniformity in the electron flux distribution, on solute segregation and phase stability in alloy films undergoing high-voltage electron-microscope (HVEM) irradiation at high temperatures are assessed in this paper. Two-dimensional (axially symmetric) compositional redistributions were calculated, taking into account both axial and transverse radial defect fluxes. It was found that when highly focused beams were employed, radiation-induced segregation consisted of two stages: dominant axial segregation to the film surfaces at short irradiation times and competitive radial segregation at longer times. The average alloy composition within the irradiated region could differ greatly from that irradiated with a uniform beam, because of the additional atom transport from or to the region surrounding the irradiated zone under the influence of radial fluxes. As a result, damage-rate gradient effects must be taken into account when interpreting in situ HVEM observations of segregation-induced phase instabilities. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental observations of the temporal and spatial dependence of segregation-induced precipitation in thin films of nickel-aluminum, nickel-germanium, and nickel-silicon solid solutions.
Effects of video game playing on visual processing across space (2005)

Using several different measures of the spatial characteristics of visual attention, we show that video game play enhances attentional resources over space, and test the hypothesis that it may do so by increasing the spatial resolution of vision. We first used the flanker compatibility effect to establish that video game players have increased visuo-spatial attention, and to confirm that this increase is not only observed at peripheral locations but also in central vision. To unambiguously establish the facilitatory effects of video game play on the deployment of attention over space, we used a visual search task (Useful Field of View task - Ball et al, 1988), which requires participants to localize a briefly presented target amongst a field of distractors while performing a challenging central task. VGPs far outperformed NVGPs on all aspects of this test, further supporting the hypothesis of an enhancement in visual attention over the whole field in VGPs. Finally, we investigate the possibility that such improvements in visuo-spatial attention may be explained, at least in part, by an increase in the spatial resolution of vision, or more exactly the spatial analysis of a target in the context of nearby pattern elements. It is well known that recognition is impaired when a to-be-recognized target is flanked with distractor shapes. This phenomenon, termed crowding, is believed to be at the root of our ability to identify objects in cluttered scenes. Using a procedure similar to Toet & Levi (1992) we measured the distance between target and distractor that resulted in 79% correct target discrimination. VGPs showed a decrease in this critical distance, establishing an enhancement of visuo-spatial resolution. Critically, in both the UFOV and crowding paradigms, similar effects were observed in NVGPs that were specifically trained on an action video game, thus establishing a causative relationship between video game play and augmented visuo-spatial abilities.
A Sensitive Amphotericin B Immunoassay for Pharmacokinetic and Distribution Studies (2000)

Since currently used assays of amphotericin B (AMB) lack sensitivity or are not easily adaptable in all laboratories, we have developed an enzyme immunoassay for AMB in biological fluids and tissues. Antibodies to AMB were raised in rabbits after administration of an AMB-bovine serum albumin conjugate. The enzymatic tracer was obtained by coupling AMB via its amino group to acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). These reagents were used for the development of a competitive immunoassay performed on microtitration plates. The limit of quantification was 100 pg/ml in plasma and 1 ng/g in tissues. The plasma assay was performed directly without extraction on a minimal volume of 0.1 ml. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were in the range of 5 to 17%, and the recoveries were 92 to 111% for AMB added to human plasma. The assay was applied to a pharmacokinetic study with mice given AMB intraperitoneally at the dose of 1 mg/kg. The drug distribution in selected compartments (plasma, liver, spleen, lung, and brain) was monitored until 72 h after administration. In conclusion, our assay is at least 100-fold more sensitive than previously described bioassays or chromatographic determinations of AMB and may be useful in studying the tissue pharmacokinetics of new AMB formulations and in drug monitoring in clinical situations.
Analysis of <i>Halobacterium halobium</i> Gas Vesicles (1973)

Gas vesicles, isolated from lysed Halobacterium halobium cells, gave an amino acid analysis which accounted for 78% of the weight, and the balance was mainly salt and water. One percent of tightly bound d-galactose was found, as well as 2% of phosphate that was not released by treatment which promotes beta-elimination, by hydrolytic release of the galactose, by carboxymethylation of lysine, or by alkaline phosphatase digestion. Only a trace of lipid was detected, and it appeared to have a polyisoprenoid structure. The vesicles were not solubilized by extremes of pH, by agents such as urea, guanidine hydrochloride, formic acid, and detergents, or by organic solvents. Succinylation and carboxymethylation gave partial dispersion, but the products were heterogeneous and of high molecular weight. The amino acid composition of vesicles was independent of fragment size. No band was obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with neutral, acidic, and alkaline systems, with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea, before or after chemical modification. No amino terminus was detected. Electrofocusing of a vesicle dispersion showed a major component with a pI of 4.0 and an amino acid composition of the whole vesicles, and a minor band with pI 3.4 which had an amino acid composition different from whole vesicles. Vesicle protein was resistant to digestion by Pronase, trypsin, thermolysin, and papain. The precipitin reaction with rabbit antivesicle serum was not inhibited by galactose or inorganic phosphate. Succinylated and carboxymethylated vesicles cross-reacted with antivesicle serum. Cell lysates contained material which reacted with antiserum, but it was heterogeneous and mainly larger than 5 x 10(6) daltons. Material from nonvacuolated mutants reacted weakly with antiserum, but the amino acid composition of the precipitated antigen was different from that of vesicles and of soluble cross-reacting material from vacuolated cells.
Comparison of amorphous materials, ferrites, and permalloys (1983)

The principal factors governing the magnetization behavior of crystalline and amorphous metals and ferrites are reviewed. The typical values of the basic contributions to the magnetic anisotropies in amorphous alloys are given and compared with those of crystalline materials and ferrites. To analyse the behavior at higher frequencies the power losses and the permeability at pulse magnetization for the three groups of materials are regarded in detail. The different contributions to the losses, the decay of pulse permeability and the influence of anomalies due to induced anisotropies and to domain structure are discussed.
Permeability characteristics of primary cultured rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells to low molecular weight drugs (1996)

These findings on the lipophilicity effect on drug transport are generally similar to those reported for the isolated rabbit conjunctiva, suggesting the utility of cultured rabbit conjunctival epithelial cell layers as an in vitro model for evaluating drug transport.
High Resolution Surface Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies (1983)

High-resolution CCD surface photometry profiles have been obtained for a sample of 42 nearby elliptical and SO galaxies as a first step in a program to investigate their central structure and core properties. A comparison of the present profiles to those of other observers shows that the accuracy of the central surface brightnesses is to better than 0.02 mag rms. Central resolution is limited by the atmospheric seeing PSF which is measured for each profile. A hybrid Fourier deconvolution procedure has been developed to correct the surface photometry for seeing in a model-independent way. Tests of the procedure on simulated galaxy images show that intrinsic core radii equal to the seeing FWHM or larger can be recovered from the observations. Application of the deconvolution procedure to the observed galaxies yields surface photometry profiles of slightly sub-arc second resolution.
Presentation Problems: Moving Averages (1949)

(1949). Presentation Problems: Moving Averages. The American Statistician: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 10-10.
Measurements on a dc volume H− multicusp ion source for TRIUMF (1986)

We describe a dc volume H− source, employing multicusp plasma confinement, which has been constructed for use with the TRIUMF cyclotron. An extracted H− current density of 12 mA/cm2 has been obtained. Beam emittance and brightness have been measured as a function of current density and beam fraction. Beam brightness values for normalized beam emittances of the order of 0.2 πmm mrad at 81% beam fraction are typically 10 mA/(mm mrad)2 [equivalent rms B=223 mA/(mm mrad)2].
Novel 1-8-bridged chiral quinolones with activity against topoisomerase II: stereospecificity of the eukaryotic enzyme (1993)

A series of novel C-7 quinolyl-substituted enantiomers of ofloxacin were used to determine the stereospecificity of topoisomerase II for the C-11 methyl group in tricyclic quinolones. In all cases, the S isomer was the most active compound against the eukaryotic enzyme. It was approximately 2.2-fold more potent than the R isomer at inhibiting the overall catalytic activity of topoisomerase II (as monitored by DNA relaxation assays). A markedly greater difference in quinolone activity was observed in enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage reactions. While the S enantiomer stimulated nucleic acid breakage approximately 3.5-fold, the R compound did not enhance and, in fact, decreased initial DNA cleavage levels by approximately 50%. The activity of the racemic mixture more closely resembled that of the R enantiomer. In competition experiments, the DNA cleavage-enhancing effects of the S isomer were attenuated by the R compound. Taken together, these latter results indicate that the R enantiomer is an antagonist of S isomer-promoted topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. Finally, the cytotoxic potential of quinolyl-substituted ofloxacin analogs correlated with the ability to stimulate enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage. Thus, stereochemistry appears to be a governing factor for the potential development of tricyclic quinolones as topoisomerase II-targeted drugs with antineoplastic activity.
Low temperature bonding with metallic micro-cones for 3D integration (2012)

A novel low temperature bonding method for potential use in 3D integration is reported in this paper. Metallic (Ni and Cu) micro-cones arrays fabricated by one step electroplating were utilized to bond with solder bumps with appropriate temperature and pressure. The bonding strength of this unique architecture was evaluated by shear testing with results comparable to reflow soldering.
Improving the Airplane Efficiency by Use of Wing Maneuver Load Alleviation (1971)

It is shown that by deflecting the wing flight controls in response to a change in airplane load factor the maneuvering flight loads may be reduced resulting in a wing weight saving. Five different maneuver load alleviation (MLA) configurations were studied for wing bending load relief on a large 700,000 Ib transport airplane. The effect of MLA on an extended wing span design was also investigated. Results show that the airplane studied could have its wing span increased 10% for the same wing weight if MLA were used. The corresponding airplane performance improvement was 13%, resulting in a 10,000 Ib payload increase. This design approach also appears attractive for growth versions of the airplane. Design considerations which must be recognized when using MLA are discussed, along with the use of the MLA system for active gust alleviation. Future use of MLA may be expected. The resulting performance benefits may pave the way for the use of flight controls for active gust alleviation and direct lift control.
Tumors of the skin composed of large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. (1999)

Tumors of the skin composed of large epithelioid cells displaying abundant smooth or granular eosinophilic cytoplasm are relatively rare, yet may constitute a source of diagnostic difficulties for pathologists. Lesions derived from various skin elements are represented in this group, including tumors originating from adnexal structures and connective tissue elements of the dermis. The large, pink-cell or epithelioid appearance of the tumor cells may be the result of attempts to recapitulate the phenotype of a cell line normally characterized by such morphological appearance, such as apocrine epithelium, or may result from secondary changes in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, such as accumulation of autophagosomes in granular cell tumors. The characteristic pathological features of this group of tumors is the subject of this review, with special emphasis on their differential diagnosis and the morphological features that may be of help for practicing pathologists to arrive at a correct diagnosis.
Synthetic iris presentation attack using iDCGAN (2017)

Reliability and accuracy of iris biometric modality has prompted its large-scale deployment for critical applications such as border control and national ID projects. The extensive growth of iris recognition systems has raised apprehensions about susceptibility of these systems to various attacks. In the past, researchers have examined the impact of various iris presentation attacks such as textured contact lenses and print attacks. In this research, we present a novel presentation attack using deep learning based synthetic iris generation. Utilizing the generative capability of deep con-volutional generative adversarial networks and iris quality metrics, we propose a new framework, named as iDCGAN (iris deep convolutional generative adversarial network) for generating realistic appearing synthetic iris images. We demonstrate the effect of these synthetically generated iris images as presentation attack on iris recognition by using a commercial system. The state-of-the-art presentation attack detection framework, DESIST is utilized to analyze if it can discriminate these synthetically generated iris images from real images. The experimental results illustrate that mitigating the proposed synthetic presentation attack is of paramount importance.
C-glycosylfavones and aromatic glycosides from Campylotropis hirtella (Franch.) Schindl. (2007)

Five C-glycosylfavones and three aromatic glycosides were isolated from Campylotropis hirtella (Franch.) Schindl using a variety of chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were identified by means of physico-chemical properties and spectral data. They were orietin (1), isoorientin (2), vitexin (3), isovitexin (4), vitexin-2''-xyloside (5), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), and (E)-resveratrol 3,5-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside (8), respectively. All of these compounds were obtained from the genus Campylotropis for the first time.
New Test Kit for Rapid Detection of SRB in the Oil Field (1988)

ABSTRACT A new test method for detecting and enumerating sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) often associated with the petroleum environment has been developed and field tested. The new test method rapidly and accurately defects SRB at concentrations as low as 1,000 cells/cm3. Results are available in fifteen minutes compared to the three to four weeks required by the standard API RP 38 culture method. In addition, the new test method detects SRB species that do not grow on culture media used in the oil field. The method is not limited by unique growth or environmental conditions which may be required by the particular SRB species being assayed. The new test method uses an immunoassay which is specific for an enzyme system found only in SRB. The new method is not affected by oil, sulfides, iron, common oil field chemicals including biocides, or any other constituent of oil field water. The test method is a joint development of Conoco and Du Pont; a field test kit version is marketed by Conoco Specialty Products Inc. This paper substantiates the above performance claims through field comparison testing between the new test method and the industry standard API RP 38 method.
Influence of local interactions on protein structure. II. Conformational energy studies of <i>N</i>‐acetyl‐<i>N</i>′‐methylamides of Ala‐X and X‐Ala dipeptides (1978)

Abstract Conformational energy calculations using an empirical conformational energy program for peptides (ECEPP) were carried out on 17 N ‐acetyl‐ N ′‐methylamides of Ala‐X and X‐Ala dipeptides, Where X = Ala, Asn, Asp, Gly, Phe, Ser, Tyr, Val, and Pro. Each dipeptide was found to have many low‐energly minima, some of which corresponded to bend structures. The stability of bends was found to depend on the amino acid composition and sequence, with the Ala‐X dipeptide generally favoring bends more than the X‐Ala dipeptide for a particular X. In bends and nonbends alike, intraresidue interactions dominate over interresidue interactions in determining conformational propeties. The calcutions were shown to be in good agreement with available experimental data.