gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of SAW devices to monitor viscoelastic properties of materials (2003)

Preliminary data are presented which demonstrate the potential sensitivity of SAW (surface acoustic wave) to the elastic properties of polymer coatings. 158-MHz dual SAW devices were used to demonstrate the sensitivity of the SAW to changes in coating elastic properties, and to identify the T/sub g/ and/or T/sub m/ of several polymer coatings. Data for PCAP (poly(caprolactone)) and FPOL (fluoropolyol) indicate that the SAW frequency is sensitive to changes in the shear modulus of the coatings. The steady decrease in frequency with increased temperature observed for FPOL-coated devices may be the result of increased surface coverage due to expansion of the film. Increased surface coverage would result in an increase in surface wave interaction with the film and a corresponding steady decrease in frequency. This indicates that these polymer films may not be true lossless films. It is suggested that in light of this, previous assumptions made in the development of predictive equations using SAW data must be reevaluated. It is concluded that the sensitivity of SAWs to elastic properties is indicative of their potential as monitors for cure processes, or other applications where changes in the elasticity of materials are of interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A survey contactless measurement and testing techniques (2005)

Electron-beam testing technique includes photoemissive probing; electrooptic sampling; charge density probing and photoexcitation are analyzed. Among these techniques an ideal contactless probing system is simple, inexpensive to operate and compatible with the existing test equipment. It will not perturb the circuit and would measure electric signals with minimum crosstalk. Experimental results demonstrate that multiple optical test vectors can be input on the periphery of a DUT (device under test) with negligible crosstalk using this technique. The bandwidth of the test system would be compatible with picosecond data pulses and it would not be limited to certain materials. The approach offers increased testability and measurement of the "chip under test".
Novel Approach for Reducing Rotor Tip-Clearance-Induced Noise in Turbofan Engines (2002)

Rotor tip-clearance induced noise, in the form of both rotor self-noise and rotor-stator interaction noise, constitutes an important component of total fan noise. Innovative yet cost-effective techniques to suppress rotor-generated noise are, therefore, of foremost importance for improving the noise signature of turbofan engines. To that end, the feasibility of a passive porous treatment strategy to modify positively the tip-clearance flowfield is addressed. Accurate viscous flow calculations of the baseline and the treated rotor flowfields are studied. Detailed comparison between the computed baseline solution and experimental measurements shows excellent agreement. Tip-vortex structure, trajectory, strength, and other relevant aerodynamic quantities are extracted from the computed database. Extensive comparison between the untreated and treated tip-clearance flowfields is performed. The effectiveness of the porous treatment for altering the rotor-tip vortex flowfield, in general, and reducing the intensity of the tip vortex, in particular, is demonstrated. In addition, the simulated flowfield for the treated tip clearly shows that substantial reduction in the intensity of both the shear layer rollup and boundary-layer separation on the wall is achieved.
Modeling Displacement Efficiency Improvement During Solvent Aided-SAGD (2014)

Abstract Coinjection of small amounts of hydrocarbon solvents with steam has the potential to improve the oil recovery efficiency while reducing the energy intensity of conventional SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage). A number of studies have reported lower residual oil saturations inside the coinjection chamber compared to SAGD. There is, however, no mathematical model available to predict the extent of such displacement efficiency improvement or to compare it during the coinjection of different solvents. This paper presents a mathematical procedure for the estimation of local displacement efficiency improvement in the coinjection process. Displacement efficiency is modeled as a function of local solvent accumulation, upon the arrival of coinjection chamber interface, and the temperature, as the region is swept by the chamber. The model is used to investigate the interaction of displacement efficiency improvement, ultimate bitumen recovery, and solvent retention inside the swept region, the last of which is of significant concern in large scale applications. The complex interaction of mass and energy flow is simplified without loss of the fundamental mechanisms and phase behavior details. Initially, phase equilibrium equations are solved to find the thermodynamic conditions inside and at the boundary of the coinjection chamber. Then, the saturation of phases as well as the retained amount of solvent are estimated along the temperature profile inside the chamber by making reasonable assumptions. The model is also used to investigate the impact of changing a solvent-steam coinjection ratio on the displacement efficiency improvement and/or solvent retention. Results indicate that coinjection can achieve improved displacement efficiency even without modifying the end point saturations of the relative permeability curves as a result of solvent coinjection. Eventually, the results are validated by using numerical simulations for the coinjection process. It is demonstrated that a robust understanding of phase behavior interaction with heat and solvent transport is critical to explaining the recovery mechanisms involved in solvent-aided SAGD.
Comparative study of the T cell response to two allelic forms of a malarial vaccine candidate protein (1992)

T cell responses to two allelic forms of the merozoite surface Ag 2 (MSA2) of Plasmodium falciparum were mapped in mice using the rMSA2 proteins, Ag 1609 which has the sequence of the FCQ27/PNG strain and Ag 1615 which has the sequence of the Indochina 1 strain. Lymph node cells of BL/10 and B10.BR mice immunized with either Ag 1609 or Ag 1615 responded to both Ag in in vitro proliferation assays. Lymph node cells of BALB/c mice did not respond. The T cell determinants recognized by the responder strains were mapped to conserved and variant regions of these Ag using overlapping synthetic peptides. The determinants recognized by each mouse strain were distinct. Marked difference in sequence between the central regions of the two rMSA2 proteins did not affect antigenic processing of the conserved N and C terminal regions. Hence lymph node cells of BL/10 mice immunized with either Ag 1615 or Ag 1609 recognized an immunodominant T cell determinant at the highly conserved N terminal end within the sequence YSNTFINNAYNMSIR (peptide 3b) and B10.BR mice similarly immunized recognized an immunodominant determinant at the highly conserved C terminal within the sequence CTDGNKENCGAATSL (peptide 23). Several peptides identified as containing immunodominant T cell determinants specific to BL/10 mice induced peptide-specific T cells in both BL/10 and B10.BR mouse strains when used as immunogens. However, the ability of the peptide-primed T cells to proliferate in response to the rMSA2 proteins was confined to BL/10 mice. An example of this was observed with peptides 3b and N (KNESKYSNTFINNAYNMSIRRSMAN). Peptide N was able to prime B10.BR and BL/10 mice for an enhanced antibody response when these mice were subsequently immunized with Ag 1615 even though Ag 1615-specific T cell proliferation was not detected in B10.BR mice primed with N. The study concluded that 1) conserved sequences such as peptide N when used in vaccines may give rise to MSA2-specific memory Th cells amenable to boosting by subsequent exposure to all parasite strains and 2) peptide priming may be a useful pathway for inducing defined memory Th cells in a wider population and for preferentially inducing T dependent over T independent responses to some malarial Ag.
Spatial distributions and clutch sizes of <i>Drosophila</i> species ovipositing on cherry fruits of different stages (2006)

Abstract In the aggregation theory, aggregation of eggs is one of important conditions for the coexistence of species. However, aggregation of eggs by clutch laying does not always promote coexistence, whereas aggregation of eggs by aggregated distributions of ovipositing females always has a significant contribution to the coexistence. In this study, spatial distributions of three Drosophila species across naturally occurring cherry fruits were studied with relation to their clutch sizes. Drosophila suzukii oviposited eggs mainly on fresh fruits on trees, and its eggs were randomly distributed across cherry fruits. The emergence data also indicated random spatial distributions of this species. Random egg distributions of this species are explained by random visits of females to fruits and the production of clutches of mostly single eggs. On the other hand, D. lutescens and D. rufa oviposited on fallen fruits, showed aggregated distributions in the emergence data, and frequently produced clutches of a few eggs. In these species, the degree of aggregation was usually significantly lower than the expectation based on random visits of females to fruits and their clutch sizes observed in the present experiments, indicating that their aggregation is unlikely to arise from aggregated distributions of ovipositing females. Thus, the spatial aggregation of these species does not necessarily lead to their coexistence.
Selection of a Surface-Tension Propellant Management System for the Viking 75 Orbiter (1973)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Pneumococcal LytA Autolysin, a Potent Therapeutic Agent in Experimental Peritonitis-Sepsis Caused by Highly β-Lactam-Resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2007)

The in vitro and in vivo antipneumococcal activities of the main pneumococcal autolysin (LytA) and Cpl-1, a lysozyme encoded by phage Cp-1, were studied. Intraperitoneal therapy with LytA or high-dose Cpl-1 remarkably reduced peritoneal bacterial counts (>5 log(10) CFU/ml) compared with those for the controls. After intravenous injection, LytA was the most effective treatment.
Bioefficacy of different Populations of Steinernema carpocapsae against Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita (2011)

Bioefficacy of different populations of Steinernema carpocapsae was studied against Meloidogyne incognita in laboratory condition as well as in pot condition. The mean percent mortality of M. incognita second stage juveniles were recorded after every 6 hrs intervals upto 72 hrs at different inoculum levels viz., 5, 10, 15 and 20 IJs of EPNs per cavity block in laboratory condition. Maximum (20.62) mean per cent mortality was observed with S. carpocapsae STSLU@ 20 IJs per cavity block after 72 hrs. Bioefficacy of the S. carpocapsae against M. incognita was also studied in pot condition. Maximum (37.79 cm) shoot length, (30.00 g) shoot weight, (31.79 cm) root length, (12.61g) root weight and minimum (22.83) galls per plant, (10.69) eggmasses per plant, (232) eggs and larvae per eggmass and (507.38) larvae per 200 cc soil were recorded with S. carpocapsae STSLU @ 20,000 over all other treatments.
New Nanostructured Li<sub>2</sub>S/Silicon Rechargeable Battery with High Specific Energy (2010)

Rechargeable lithium ion batteries are important energy storage devices; however, the specific energy of existing lithium ion batteries is still insufficient for many applications due to the limited specific charge capacity of the electrode materials. The recent development of sulfur/mesoporous carbon nanocomposite cathodes represents a particularly exciting advance, but in full battery cells, sulfur-based cathodes have to be paired with metallic lithium anodes as the lithium source, which can result in serious safety issues. Here we report a novel lithium metal-free battery consisting of a Li(2)S/mesoporous carbon composite cathode and a silicon nanowire anode. This new battery yields a theoretical specific energy of 1550 Wh kg(-1), which is four times that of the theoretical specific energy of existing lithium-ion batteries based on LiCoO(2) cathodes and graphite anodes (approximately 410 Wh kg(-1)). The nanostructured design of both electrodes assists in overcoming the issues associated with using sulfur compounds and silicon in lithium-ion batteries, including poor electrical conductivity, significant structural changes, and volume expansion. We have experimentally realized an initial discharge specific energy of 630 Wh kg(-1) based on the mass of the active electrode materials.
Metabolism of Pentachlorophenol by an Axenic Bacterial Culture (1972)

A bacterial isolate obtained from a continuous-flow enrichment culture has been shown to metabolize pentachlorophenol as a sole source of organic carbon and energy.
Cloning and Expression of Thermostable α-Amylase Gene from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> in <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1983)

The structural gene for a thermostable alpha-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was cloned in plasmids pTB90 and pTB53. It was expressed in both B. stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis. B. stearothermophilus carrying the recombinant plasmid produced about fivefold more alpha-amylase (20.9 U/mg of dry cells) than did the wild-type strain of B. stearothermophilus. Some properties of the alpha-amylases that were purified from the transformants of B. stearothermophilus and B. subtilis were examined. No significant differences were observed among the enzyme properties despite the difference in host cells. It was found that the alpha-amylase, with a molecular weight of 53,000, retained about 60% of its activity even after treatment at 80 degrees C for 60 min.
Efficient light harvesting in a photovoltaic diode composed of a semiconductor conjugated copolymer blend (2002)

We explore charge generation and recombination kinetics quantitatively in a model polymeric semiconductor ternary system. Resonance energy transfer from a polyfluorene copolymer backbone to perylene-substituted side chains selectively excites the dye. In a blend with an alkoxy-substituted poly-p-phenylenevinylene, photoinduced charge transfer is observed. A comparison of picosecond time scale and quasisteady-state charge generation efficiencies allows measurement of the fraction of charges that survive rapid geminate recombination. This simple procedure allows the unraveling of the role played by recombination kinetics in the device.
A multiprocessor with replicated shared memory (1983)

A multiprocessor includes five 8086 microprocessors interconnected with replicated shared memory. Such a memory structure consists of a set of memories, one for each processor, with identical contents. This minimizes read interference since each processor simply accesses its own private copy of the shared memory. To ensure shared memory integrity, write requests transfer data over the MULTIBUS to all copies in parallel. Overall, replicated shared memory structures provide improved concurrency.
Preparation Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Polycrystalline ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub>Systems. 2. Surface, Bulk Characterization, and 4-Nitrophenol Photodegradation in Liquid−Solid Regime (2001)

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and monitoring of pyridine (py) and boric acid trimethyl ester (BATE) adsorption for determining surface acidity and basicity, respectively, were used to carry out further characterization of mixed ZnO/TiO2 polycrystalline solids prepared by different methods. Moreover, the powders were tested in a batch photoreactor for a probe reaction, i.e., 4-nitrophenol photodegradation in aqueous medium. ESR results indicated the presence of signals attributable to Zn+ species in ZnO/TiO2 (anatase) solids, while in ZnO/TiO2 (rutile) samples the presence of zinc induced only the formation of signals probably due to Ti3+ centers. FT-IR spectra showed no significant differences of the surface hydroxylation degree of the various photocatalysts, whereas the surface acidic properties generally decrease by increasing the amount of ZnO. Coupling of ZnO and TiO2 semiconducting powders was not so beneficial, as expected on the basis of the intrinsic electronic properties, to enhance the photoreactivity for the studied reaction, although some of the powders showed photoactivities slightly higher than those of bare TiO2 and ZnO. Nevertheless, some of the samples (the mixed particles ZnO/TiO2 (rutile)) appear promising from an application point of view because no filtration was needed after the occurrence of the photoreactivity tests to separate them from the solution because they decanted easily. The mineralization of 4-nitrophenol was checked by determining the total organic carbon (TOC) and a complete photooxidation occurred in few hours in the presence of some of the samples.
Interscanner reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance T2* measurements of tissue iron in thalassemia (2003)

The T2* technique for measuring tissue iron is reproducible between the two manufacturers' scanners. This suggests that the widespread implementation of the technique is possible for clinical assessment of myocardial iron loading in thalassemia.
Low-molecular-weight heparin and abciximab for thrombo-occlusive saphenous vein graft disease. Report of 2 cases. (1997)

Both reoperation and alternative treatments for thrombo-occlusive disease of saphenous vein grafts have been fraught with a high rate of complications and a low rate of long-term success. We report 2 cases in which thrombo-occlusive saphenous vein graft disease was treated with the aid of abciximab during the intervention and with low-molecular-weight heparin for 7 to 12 days in an outpatient setting.
Rapid Colorectal Adenoma Formation Initiated by Conditional Targeting of the <i>Apc</i> Gene (1997)

Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) is a disease characterized by the development of multiple colorectal adenomas, and affected individuals carry germline mutations in the APC gene. With the use of a conditional gene targeting system, a mouse model of FAP was created that circumvents the embryonic lethality of Apc deficiency and directs Apc inactivation specifically to the colorectal epithelium. loxP sites were inserted into the introns around Apc exon 14, and the resultant mutant allele (Apc580S) was introduced into the mouse germline. Mice homozygous for Apc580S were normal; however, upon infection of the colorectal region with an adenovirus encoding the Cre recombinase, the mice developed adenomas within 4 weeks. The adenomas showed deletion of Apc exon 14, indicating that the loss of Apc function was caused by Cre-loxP-mediated recombination.
Saliva and Serum as Diagnostic Media for Antibody to Hepatitis A Virus in Adults and in Individuals Who Have Received an Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine (1995)

Saliva was evaluated as a diagnostic fluid for screening individuals for evidence of previous hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and for evidence of seroconversion after vaccination with inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. A new and simple saliva collection method and an assay for detection of HAV antibody were used; the assay used an antibody capture format. There was complete concordance between the results of saliva-based assays and those of serum-based assays, both of which were used for determining previous natural HAV exposure. However, for vaccine recipients, 100% concordance for saliva-based and serum-based assays occurred only at serum titers of > 9,000 mIU/mL, which were determined with use of the modified HAVAB assay. Saliva provides adequate sensitivity and specificity for determining naturally acquired HAV infection, although it is not useful in clinical trials for determining seroconversion after HAV vaccination.
Sensitivity Encoded Silicon Photomultipliers (SeSPs): A novel detector design for uniform crystal identification (2011)

In this paper, we present the idea of a novel detector design that uses the encoding of the sensitivity instead of a light guide for crystal identification. This scheme fully exploits the siPM feature of being composed by small independent elements that can be connected to form the desired geometry. Different 1D and 2D sensor structures have been designed and the first production has been launched at FBK. Investigation on position accuracy and energy resolution of the prototype sesPs are presented using an existing 64-element SiPM array with a pitch of 250µm pitch and 1.35mm height. These results show that the identification of small crystals (1mm pitch) with the SeSP concept is feasible.
Erratum: Theory of Inelastic Electric Current through Single Molecules [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>93</b>, 246102 (2004)] (2005)

Received 17 January 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.099901©2005 American Physical Society
291. Aliphatic nitro-compounds. Part XII. Preparation and reduction of 2-nitroalkyl cyanides (1947)

G. D. Buckley, R. L. Heath and J. D. Rose, J. Chem. Soc., 1947, 1500 DOI: 10.1039/JR9470001500
Automobile engine fault diagnosis using neural network (2002)

A number of diagnostic systems for vehicle maintenance/repair have been developed in recent years. These systems are employed for diagnosing variety of faults in the vehicle and are available at service level. We have made an attempt to design a diagnostic system for detection of faults based on neural network. The system developed is based on a fault table for the engine. Such a diagnostic module is aimed at increasing the utility of the system.