gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attitudes Toward Individuals With Disabilities: The Effects of Age, Gender, and Relationship (2012)

Attitudes toward individuals with disabilities are influenced by the amount of contact one has with such individuals. This research investigated if the relationship a person has with individuals with disabilities is associated with positive attitudes more so than mere contact with such individuals. Increased contact with friends with disabilities and activities with individuals with disabilities were associated with more positive altitudes. Contact with relatives and classmates with a disability was not associated with more positive attitudes. Age and gender were found to moderate these relationships. Contact with friends with disabilities increased positive attitudes for younger but not older participants. Contact with classmates with disabilities decreased positive attitudes for males but not females. This research can help us better understand disability-related bias.
Acylaminoacetyl derivatives of active methylene compounds. <b>4</b> (1996)

Abstract Meldrum's acid has been found to be effectively acylated using the imidazolides of N ‐protected glycines, X‐NHCH 2 COOH (X = ‐COPh, ‐COMe, ‐Z, ‐Boc, ‐COOMe and ‐COOEt). The corresponding C‐acylation compounds were isolated in high yields and were readily converted to the N ‐protected tetramic acids. It was shown by pmr spectroscopy that these acids exist as the enol tautomers in DMSO‐d 6 solution, whereas in deuteriochloroform solution both the enol and keto tautomers can be observed.
Register renaming and scheduling for dynamic execution of predicated code (2001)

To achieve higher processor performance requires greater synergy between advanced hardware features and innovative compiler techniques. Recent advancement in compilation techniques for predicated execution has provided significant opportunity in exploiting instruction level parallelism. However, little research has been done on how to efficiently execute predicated code in a dynamic microarchitecture. In this paper, we evaluate hardware optimizations for executing predicated code on a dynamically scheduled microarchitecture. We provide two novel ideas to improve the efficiency of executing predicated code. On a generic Intel Itanium processor pipeline model, we demonstrate that, with some microarchitecture enhancements, a dynamic execution processor can achieve about 16% performance improvement over an equivalent static execution processor.
A virtual simulation environment using deep learning for autonomous vehicles obstacle avoidance (2020)

Autonomous vehicles which are capable of operating independently will be commercially available in the near future. Autonomous driving systems are becoming more complicated and must be successfully checked before implementation. Within this framework, falls our research work. The key purpose of this paper is to implement a simulation environment for autonomous vehicles. We first created this environment which is a novel high fidelity driving simulator that can connect arbitrary interfaces, build simulated worlds consisting of scenarios and incidents experienced by drivers in real-world driving, and incorporate fully autonomous driving. The simulator makes possible to clone the behavior of human driver face as well as some complex situations such as obstacle avoidance maneuvers. The work consists in creating a virtual simulation environment to collect training data used to train vehicles on how to steer themselves. The simulator is, thus, like a video game of car racing. Indeed we used the scenes to make some driving experiences. After collecting the training data, we chose to use deep learning explicitly Convolutional Neural Networks to create a model for autonomous vehicles that avoid obstacles. Clearly, the true challenge for an autonomous vehicle is to navigate without the possibility of collision. This simulator is invested to assess the performance of an autonomous vehicle and to analyze its self-driving activities. In this method, the suggested solution proves to be feasible, efficient and reliable for autonomous vehicle simulation research.
The Truthful Evolution and Incentive for Large-Scale Mobile Crowd Sensing Networks (2018)

With the rapid development in mobile devices, mobile crowdsourcing has become an important research focus. In large-scale mobile crowdsourcing, the effective evolution prediction and incentive mechanism are the key focuses to improve the efficiency of systems. The evolution model based on evolutionary game theory is researched to predict the evolution trends of mobile crowdsourcing systems effectively. Based on the evolution trends, the reputation updating mechanism (RUMG) is proposed to address free-riding and false-reporting problems. According to spatio-temporal privacy preserving, the incentive mechanism with spatio-temporal privacy preserving for mobile crowdsourcing is researched. In order to protect worker's spatio-temporal privacy information effectively, a spatio-temporal privacy preserving based on k-anonymity (LKAC) is proposed. In addition, the effectivenesses of the proposed RUMG and LKAC are verified through comparison experiments. This proposed mechanism also improves the security of system and resolves the free-riding and false-reporting problems of mobile crowdsourcing.
Polymeric Monolithic Media: Synthesis, Pore Size Selective Functionalization and Applications (2010)

Abstract Summary: This contribution will briefly summarize the latest developments in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and electron beam‐triggered free radical polymerization derived monolithic supports. Issues relevant to separation science and heterogeneous catalysis will be addressed.
VLSI testing based security metric for IC camouflaging (2013)

An Integrated Circuit (IC) can be reverse engineered by imaging its layout and reconstructing the netlist. IC camouflaging is a layout-level technique that hampers imaging-based reverse engineering by using, in one embodiment, functionally different standard cells that look alike. Reverse engineering will fail if the functionality of a camouflaged gate cannot be correctly resolved. We adapt VLSI testing principles (justification and sensitization) to quantify the ability of a reverse engineer to unambiguously resolve the functionality of look-alike camouflaged gates. We evaluate the security of look-alike standard cells based IC camouflaging by applying it on the controllers in OpenSPARC T1 processor.
Changes in Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Specimens Following Therapy with Recombinant Alpha2 Interferon for Hairy Cell Leukemia (1986)

The authors studied peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) biopsy specimens from 12 patients treated with recombinant alpha 2 interferon (raIFN) for hairy cell leukemia (HCL), to assess changes caused by raIFN therapy. Specimens were obtained immediately before therapy and during follow-up periods for 6 months to 12 months. Before raIFN, 11 patients had hairy cells (HC) in the PB; 11 were granulocytopenic; 12, monocytopenic; and 6, thrombocytopenic. The median bone marrow hairy cell index (HCI = %HC X %BM cellularity/10,000), an indicator of HC packing in the BM, was 0.56 (range, 0.12-0.83). The myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio was below 1:1 in all patients. By the end of the study, HC in the PB had disappeared or decreased in numbers. Granulocytopenia, monocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia had resolved in 10 of the 11, 10 of the 12, and 5 of the 6 patients, respectively, in whom they were present before raIFN. The numbers of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) increased in 11 patients after raIFN, but often fluctuated, and in 3 patients fell to pre-raIFN values. In the BM, improvement was noted with median HCI of 0.12 (range, 0.03-0.4). In no case were HC completely absent from the BM. The BM showed increased percentages of granulocytic elements in 11 patients, of erythroid precursors in 12, and of megakaryocytes in 10. However, the M:E ratio was 1:1 or higher in only six patients at any time during the study. Marrow reticulin fibers remained increased. This study morphologically confirms the clinical improvement reported in patients with HCL who are treated with recombinant alpha 2 interferon.
Combination Surgical and Mechanical Therapy for Refractory Cases of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2002)

The average, effective CPAP decreased by 4.8 cm H2O after LAUP. In patients who failed LAUP therapy, CPAP was still found to be effective.
High swelling ability of polystyrene-based polyelectrolyte gels at low temperature (2011)

Molecular design of polymer gels that exhibit high swelling degrees at low temperature was demonstrated with the aid of repulsive interaction among the polymer chains in the ionic polymer gels and the utility of organic solvents with relative low melting points. A small amount of tetraalkylammonium tetraphenylborate as ionic groups was incorporated into cross-linked polystyrene to yield novel ionic polymer gels. The swelling degrees at room temperature (23 °C) were about 100 times as much as their dried weights in various organic solvents. Moreover, they swelled and absorbed some organic solvents such as THF and dichloromethane at low temperature (−80 °C), and the swelling degrees were similar to those at room temperature.
Real-Time Differential Signal Phase Estimation for Space-Based Systems using FPGAs (2013)

High performance and reliability are important aspects of space-based systems. In many cases correct system functionality must be continuously monitored to ensure the validity of collected data. In this research we develop a new digital circuit which can detect minute phase differences in time-varying analog signals. These phase shifts can be determined for both a single channel input versus a known model of the signal and across two channels with simultaneously-sampled data. Phase shift data can be used in spaceborne systems to either confirm correct system operation or identify potential problems. Current systems primarily transfer data to the Earth for error checking rather than performing error analysis in real-time. The benefits of our field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based approach are evaluated using a 3 gigasamples per second (GSamp/s) data acquisition system developed as part of the NASA Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) initiative. Phase calculations with an error of less than 0.021 deg (0.006% of 360 deg) are determined using our adaptive approach. The high accuracy of differential phase detection allows for the real-time monitoring of environmental metrics, such as temperature fluctuations, which affect signal phase.
Specific deletion of focal adhesion kinase suppresses tumor formation and blocks malignant progression (2004)

We have generated mice with a floxed fak allele under the control of keratin-14-driven Cre fused to a modified estrogen receptor (CreER(T2)). 4-Hydroxy-tamoxifen treatment induced fak deletion in the epidermis, and suppressed chemically induced skin tumor formation. Loss of fak induced once benign tumors had formed inhibited malignant progression. Although fak deletion was associated with reduced migration of keratinocytes in vitro, we found no effect on wound re-epithelialization in vivo. However, increased keratinocyte cell death was observed after fak deletion in vitro and in vivo. Our work provides the first experimental proof implicating FAK in tumorigenesis, and this is associated with enhanced apoptosis.
Company Stock in Pension Plans: How Costly Is It? (2005)

Employees often hold substantial levels of company stock in their defined contribution pension plans, a practice widely recognized as risky. But holding company stock is not only risky, it is costly: employees who own company stock are not fully diversified, so expected returns on their portfolios are lower than equally risky, but fully diversified, portfolios. This paper investigates the costs of holding company stock and finds that the loss in diversification reduces the value of employees’ holdings significantly. Employees who invest one‐quarter of their assets in company stock sacrifice 42 percent of the stock’s market value relative to holding a well‐diversified equity portfolio. Significant losses can occur even at levels of company stock ownership that fall within newly proposed legislative limits.
Instar Susceptibility of Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to the Entomogenous Nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae. (1981)

Laboratory bioassays showed that the susceptibility of Simulium vittatum to Neoaplectana carpocapsae increased with successive larval instars. First, second, and third instar larvae were resistant to infection, while seventh instars were highly susceptible. Significant differences in intra-instar susceptibility were also evident, as mortality ranged from 58% for the smallest seventh instar larvae to 97% for the largest. Dissections revealed that the basis for the resistance of early instars was physical exclusion of the comparatively large nematodes. The principle factor regulating the susceptibility of mid and late instars was injury to nematodes caused by larval mouthparts during ingestion. Differences in intra-instar susceptibility were similarly related to nematode injury.
Cohesive properties and electronic structure of Heusler<i>L</i><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-phase compounds<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><i>X</i>Al (<i>X</i>=Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta) (1992)

The ternary (Heusler) L${2}_{1}$-phase compounds ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$XAl (group-IVA or -VA element X=Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta) have been found to greatly increase the high-temperature creep strength of NiAl. We report here the cohesive properties and electronic structures of these potential high-temperature structural materials in both the Heusler L${2}_{1}$ and the B2 phases determined by means of the all-electron total-energy self-consistent linear muffin-tin orbital method based on the local-density approximation. Our results show that the calculated equilibrium lattice constants of the L${2}_{1}$-structure compounds are in very good agreement with experiment. For ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$TiAl and ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$VAl, the lattice constants are found to match that of NiAl (mismatch is 1.7% and 1.0%, respectively). But for the other four compounds, the mismatch is found to be larger (3.6--5.6%). The difference of the lattice constants in the B2 and the L${2}_{1}$ structures, however, is very small (less than 1%). The formation energy is found to be consistently in favor of the L${2}_{1}$ phase. The Ni d and X d hybridization contributes the most to the cohesion of these compounds whose stability is also made certain by the well-separated filled bonding and empty antibonding states in the density of states. The density of states of the B2 phase is quite similar to that of L${2}_{1}$, but distinctions exist due to their structural differences. The rigid-band approximation is found to work well for these compounds.
Coded 16 QAM with channel state derived decoding for fast fading land mobile channels (2002)

An adaptive Viterbi algorithm, derived from a dynamic estimate of the fading channel, is used for the decoding of a convolutionally coded 16 QAM system in a mobile environment. The new technique achieves a BER (bit error rate) performance improvement of 8 dB at P/sub e/=10/sup -3/ in a fast flat Rayleigh fading environment compared to an uncoded system with pilot symbol aided compensation. The BER performance of the new technique in a cochannel interference (CCI) controlled environment is also presented. Results indicate that the 16 QAM scheme achieves significant improvements in spectral and power efficiency when compared to the emerging US standard, which will use pi /4-DQPSK for digital cellular systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HTLV-1 Rex: the courier of viral messages making use of the host vehicle (2012)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus causing an aggressive T-cell malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Although HTLV-1 has a compact RNA genome, it has evolved elaborate mechanisms to maximize its coding potential. The structural proteins Gag, Pro, and Pol are encoded in the unspliced form of viral mRNA, whereas the Env protein is encoded in singly spliced viral mRNA. Regulatory and accessory proteins, such as Tax, Rex, p30II, p12, and p13, are translated only from fully spliced mRNA. For effective viral replication, translation from all forms of HTLV-1 transcripts has to be achieved in concert, although unspliced mRNA are extremely unstable in mammalian cells. It has been well recognized that HTLV-1 Rex enhances the stability of unspliced and singly spliced HTLV-1 mRNA by promoting nuclear export and thereby removing them from the splicing site. Rex specifically binds to the highly structured Rex responsive element (RxRE) located at the 3' end of all HTLV-1 mRNA. Rex then binds to the cellular nuclear exporter, CRM1, via its nuclear export signal domain and the Rex-viral transcript complex is selectively exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for effective translation of the viral proteins. Yet, the mechanisms by which Rex inhibits the cellular splicing machinery and utilizes the cellular pathways beneficial to viral survival in the host cell have not been fully explored. Furthermore, physiological impacts of Rex against homeostasis of the host cell via interactions with numerous cellular proteins have been largely left uninvestigated. In this review, we focus on the biological importance of HTLV-1 Rex in the HTLV-1 life cycle by following the historical path in the literature concerning this viral post-transcriptional regulator from its discovery to this day. In addition, for future studies, we discuss recently discovered aspects of HTLV-1 Rex as a post-transcriptional regulator and its use in host cellular pathways.
Perceive Where to Focus: Learning Visibility-Aware Part-Level Features for Partial Person Re-Identification (2019)

This paper considers a realistic problem in person re-identification (re-ID) task, i.e., partial re-ID. Under partial re-ID scenario, the images may contain a partial observation of a pedestrian. If we directly compare a partial pedestrian image with a holistic one, the extreme spatial misalignment significantly compromises the discriminative ability of the learned representation. We propose a Visibility-aware Part Model (VPM) for partial re-ID, which learns to perceive the visibility of regions through self-supervision. The visibility awareness allows VPM to extract region-level features and compare two images with focus on their shared regions (which are visible on both images). VPM gains two-fold benefit toward higher accuracy for partial re-ID. On the one hand, compared with learning a global feature, VPM learns region-level features and thus benefits from fine-grained information. On the other hand, with visibility awareness, VPM is capable to estimate the shared regions between two images and thus suppresses the spatial misalignment. Experimental results confirm that our method significantly improves the learned feature representation and the achieved accuracy is on par with the state of the art.
Alternate Search Strategies for Spread-Spectrum Code Acquisition (1987)

By using the direct approach to the analysis of the serial-search acquisition systems, all known Z and expanding window search strategies have been analysed recently (ref. 11). Motivated by some observations about those strategies, in this paper two novel search methods are proposed and analysed. Results are also compared with the best serial-search strategy for spread-spectrum code acquisition.
Structural flexibility in the <i>Burkholderia mallei</i> genome (2004)

The complete genome sequence of Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 provides insight into this highly infectious bacterium's pathogenicity and evolutionary history. B. mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, has come under renewed scientific investigation as a result of recent concerns about its past and potential future use as a biological weapon. Genome analysis identified a number of putative virulence factors whose function was supported by comparative genome hybridization and expression profiling of the bacterium in hamster liver in vivo. The genome contains numerous insertion sequence elements that have mediated extensive deletions and rearrangements of the genome relative to Burkholderia pseudomallei. The genome also contains a vast number (>12,000) of simple sequence repeats. Variation in simple sequence repeats in key genes can provide a mechanism for generating antigenic variation that may account for the mammalian host's inability to mount a durable adaptive immune response to a B. mallei infection.
Introduction: Glutamate transport, metabolism, and physiological responses (1999)

The material covered in this set of articles was originally presented at Experimental Biology '98, in San Francisco, CA, on April 20, 1998. Here, the participants recount important elements of current research on the role of glutamate transporter activity in cellular signaling, metabolism, and organ function. W. A. Fairman and S. G. Amara discuss the five subtypes of human excitatory amino acid transporters, with emphasis on the EAAT4 subtype. M. A. Hediger discusses the expression and action of EAAC1 subtype of the human excitatory amino acid transporter. I. Nissim provides an overview of the significant role of pH in regulating Gln/Glu metabolism in the kidney, liver, and brain. J. D. McGivan and B. Nicholson describe some characteristics of glutamate transport regulation with regard to a specific experimental model of the bovine renal epithelial cell line NBL-1. Finally, T. C. Welbourne and J. C. Matthews introduce the "functional unit" concept of glutamate transport and how this relates to both glutamine metabolism and paracellular permeability.
Endotoxin administration stimulates cerebral catecholamine release in freely moving rats as assessed by microdialysis (1995)

In vivo microdialysis was used to measure changes in extracellular concentrations of catecholamines and indolamines in freely moving rats in response to administration of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Dialysis probes were placed stereotaxically in either the medial hypothalamus or the medial prefrontal cortex. We used a repeated-measures design in which each rat received LPS or saline, and each subject was retested with the other treatment one week later. With the dialysis probes in the medial hypothalamus, intraperitoneal (ip) administration of LPS (5 micrograms) increased dialysate concentrations of norepinephrine (NE, 187%), dopamine (DA, 119%), and all their measured catabolites, except normetanephrine. Dialysate concentrations of NE and DA were elevated significantly in the fourth or fifth (20 min) collection period with a peak response at around 2 hr. They returned to baseline by about 4 hr. When the dialysis probes were placed in the medial prefrontal cortex, the same dose of LPS also elevated dialysate concentrations of NE and DA, but the increases were much smaller (ca. 20%). However, a dose of 100 micrograms LPS increased dialysate concentrations of NE and DA from the medial prefrontal cortex to an extent comparable to that of the 5 micrograms dose in the hypothalamus, and the response was more prolonged. Dialysate concentrations of serotonin could not be measured reliably, but those of its catabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were also elevated in both regions. The peak of 5-HIAA occurred at around 4 hr. Pretreatment of the rats with indomethacin (10 mg/kg ip) completely prevented the changes due to 100 micrograms LPS in the medial prefrontal cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)