gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multicrystal Two Dimensional BGO Detector System for Positron Emission Tomography (1986)

This paper presents a discussion of a new multicrystal detector system as it is implemented in Positron Emission Tomography. The system consists of a 32 × 8 matrix of BGO crystals, a tuned light pipe, and four photomultipliers. The electronics that decodes the position consists of fast preamps, gated integrators, and level comparators. This detector represents a major development toward reducing the cost of PET.
Formation of Gum Precursors in FCC Naphthas (2004)

The trends to the formation of gum precursors in gasoline were studied through the yields and selectivities of C5 olefins in the conversion of both a VGO and nC16 over two equilibrium commercial FCC catalysts. The experiments were performed at 500 and 550 °C, catalyst-to-oil ratio of 6.1 and short contact times of up to 12 s in a Riser Simulator laboratory reactor. The behaviors of C5 olefins observed in the conversion of both reactants were similar: the yield of olefins (linear, branched, and cyclic) and dienes increased as a function of contact time and temperature, the amounts being different according to the characteristics of the catalysts. Gasoline composition was very sensitive to the formulation of the catalysts and their resulting hydrogen transfer capabilities. In the conversion of gas oil, maximum selectivities of about 59, 21, 31, and 3.3% were observed for total, linear, iso-, and cyclic olefins in the C5 group, respectively, and the maximum selectivity of dienes in the group was 3.9%. For the same hydrocarbons, the conversion of nC16 showed higher yields at the same conditions. It was verified that the reaction temperature is especially important to control the yield of diene compounds. A simple test methodology to predict the stability of FCC naphthas could be based on a reduced set of experiments with equilibrium catalysts, either with a commercial feedstock or test reactant nC16.
A new circuit topology to realize high efficiency, high linearity, and high power microwave amplifiers (2002)

The unexpected and unprecedented growth in demand for increased communications capacity by telecommunications consumers has led to the implementation of a variety of multi-spectral digital modulation techniques. All of these have in common the need for improved amplifier linearity in order to be practical or to co-exist with other users in the same spectrum. Many systems also mandate that the amplifier efficiency be as high as possible to extend the operating time of portable or self-contained power sources. In addition to the above, many systems desire relatively high power outputs to be obtained for improving reliability or availability. A workable compromise is difficult to achieve for any given set of parameters. Much effort in the literature is devoted to designs of amplifiers that seek to meet the above requirements. In this paper, work that was reported previously is extended to a more general higher power case by introducing a previously unknown circuit topology variation of a microwave Doherty amplifier. The new topology shown easily extends the load line modulation principle to higher power designs while also providing a design technique that avoids many of the complications of two tightly coupled interactive stages. A brief review of previous work is included for completeness.
Experiences with building middleware for audio and visual networked home appliances on commodity software (2002)

In this paper, we describe our currently ongoing work to build distributed middleware for networked audio and visual home appliances, which is executed on commodity software. The current prototype has adopted HAVi(Home Audio/Video Interoperability) as distributed middleware for controlling home appliances, which makes it possible to integrate a variety of home appliances and services. In our system, we have implemented HAVi in Java. Programs processing continuous media that emulate digital consumer devices are directly implemented on the Linux operating systems. Since Java and Linux are running on a variety of embedded platforms, our software can be ported to a target embedded system without the modification. Therefore, new home applications can be developed on a standard PC platform, and this makes the development cost of future advanced home appliances dramatically cheap.
Cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa in the presence of raffinose and glycerol (1990)

When mouse epididymal spermatozoa were rapidly frozen in two steps (37 to -70 degrees C for solid CO2 and -70 to -196 degrees C for liquid nitrogen) as pellets, 18% raffinose provided the greatest protection to ICR mouse spermatozoa against cold-shock; sperm motility and fertilizing ability were 43% and 22.4%, respectively. A small proportion of spermatozoa frozen with 10% sucrose was motile but incapable of fertilizing ovulated oocytes. Glycerol and dimethylsulphoxide were less effective at any concentration examined. However, the fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed ICR spermatozoa was significantly improved (35.5%) by addition of glycerol (1.75% final concentration) to medium containing 18% raffinose. Spermatozoa from one outbred (ddY) and 5 inbred (C57BL/6N, C3H/HeN, DBA/2N, BALB/c and kk) strains of mice were successfully frozen in the presence of 18% raffinose and 1.75% glycerol, although the fertilization rates of frozen-thawed spermatozoa varied among strains (13% for C57BL/6N to 64% for DBA/2N). A small fraction of mouse eggs resulting from fertilization by frozen-thawed spermatozoa developed normally in vitro (37% in C57BL/6N to 71% in ICR) to the blastocyst stage and in vivo (19% for C57BL/6N spermatozoa and ddY oocytes) to Day 18 of gestation.
Vertical cavity amplifying photonic switch (1994)

A 30 dB gain with multi-GHz modulation bandwidth is obtained in an optically pumped vertical cavity Fabry–Pérot structure. This device may be called a vertical cavity amplifying photonic switch (VCAPS). The amplification configuration has been used for a direct measurement of the carrier induced refractive index change over the absorption as well as the gain regime.
Lean Burn Engines (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Natural gas internal combustion engines are currently worthy of attention due to the growing interest in energy generation equipments that are both efficient and environmentally friendly.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">As an answer to this interest, natural gas engine utilizing lean burn combustion technology have been introduced instead of traditional stoichiometric engines with two positive effects.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">First, excess air in the mixture reduces combustion process temperature, which reduces the formation of NOx with respect to conventional stoichiometric engines.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Second, due to excess Oxygen, the combustion process is more efficient and more energy is generated from the same amount of fuel.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Another relevant characteristic of mixture leaning is keeping the engine away from the knocking zone. Since, the ideal working of a lean burn engine occurs within a narrow window, it requires a more accurate fuel flow, ignition time, air-fuel ratio controls as well as a higher level of external variable monitoring to avoid engine knocking, combustion fault (misfire) and resulting damage to the equipment.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to the aforementioned requirements, those engines are equipped with electronic controls of the type “Full Authority”, which are essential to assure the combustion will occur within those limits.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The objective of this study is to discuss, with empirical data, mixture leaning of lean burn technology engines and Full Authority controls types as well as the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, exhaust gas temperatures and keeping the engine away from knocking zone.</div></div>
Impedance matched thin metamaterials make metals absorbing (2013)

Metals are generally considered good reflectors over the entire electromagnetic spectrum up to their plasma frequency. Here we demonstrate an approach to tailor their absorbing characteristics based on the effective metamaterial properties of thin, periodic metallo-dielectric multilayers by exploiting a broadband, inherently non-resonant, surface impedance matching mechanism. Based on this mechanism, we design, fabricate and test omnidirectional, thin (<1 micron), polarization independent, extremely efficient absorbers (in principle being capable to reach A > 99%) over a frequency range spanning from the UV to the IR. Our approach opens new venues to design cost effective materials for many applications such as thermo-photovoltaic energy conversion devices, light harvesting for solar cells, flat panel display, infrared detectors, stray light reduction, stealth and others.
ROBERT GOULD (D. 1709) (1975)

Journal Article ROBERT GOULD (D. 1709) Get access JAMES A. MEANS JAMES A. MEANS Département des littératures, Faculté des Lettres, Université LavalQuébec 10, P.Q., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 1975, Pages 26-c–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/22-1-26c Published: 01 January 1975
Intelligent control and resolution of a network of learning and problem solving processors (2002)

The process of individual decision-making is discussed in terms of interaction among three computational agents: a human decision maker, a computer system, and a third agent which is termed an intelligent controller and resolver (ICOR). The ICOR system uses the resolution metaphor to facilitate the interaction between the two principal computational agents. This helps in synthesizing different universes of discourse of the principal agents. The ICOR system is discussed and a prototype example of an ICOR that approximates the role of an arbitrator in a manufacturing organization is briefly described in terms of an inventory-control scenario.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling and Tip Position Control of a Flexible Link Robot: Experimental Results (2009)

Resumen en: This work describes the modeling and control of an experimental platform associated to a single link flexible robot, whose motion is restricted to an hor...
Some Schiff base compounds as inhibitors for corrosion of carbon steel in acidic media (2012)

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution in the absence and presence of new five Schiff bases of indole derivatives was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. All the experimental results show that these Schiff bases have excellent corrosion inhibition performance. The polarization curves show that these compounds act as mixed type inhibitors. The adsorption of these Schiff bases on carbon steel surface is consistent with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The effect of temperature on the rate of corrosion in the absence and presence of these compounds were also studied. Some thermodynamic functions were computed and discussed. The results obtained by the three different electrochemical techniques were in good agreement.
Disorderly and nonstationary insulin secretion in relatives of patients with NIDDM (1997)

To further explore the role of the beta-cell as a pathogenic factor behind non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), insulin secretion at modest hyperglycemia was examined in 15 healthy first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients and 13 anthropometrically and age-matched controls. The oral glucose tolerance test was normal in all, but the relatives had impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (P < 0.05). During a constant intravenous glucose infusion we performed a time-series analysis of serum insulin in samples obtained at 1-min intervals for 75 min (60-135 min). The recently introduced scale- and model-independent statistic approximate entropy (ApEn) and the coefficient of variation for a 6- (9 and 15) point moving average (MA) were applied to test regularity and stationarity, respectively, of insulin secretion. Both ApEn and 6-point MA were able to significantly discern the insulin time series of the two groups (P < 0.05), demonstrating a higher degree of irregularity and nonstationarity among the offspring. Moreover, when the two complementary sets of statistics were combined into a single "index of nonpulsatility," an even more notable distinction was available (P < 0.01). No relationship was found between altered insulin secretion and insulin resistance. In conclusion, this experimental and statistical model demonstrates that the stimulated insulin secretion of glucose-tolerant relatives of NIDDM patients is characterized by disorderliness. Whether the model can predict the risk for developing a clinically important beta-cell dysfunction remains to be clarified.
Host-Derived IL-22 Protects Intestinal Stem Cells from GVHD (2012)

IL-22 is a recently characterized cytokine that is produced by helper T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC). Expression of its receptor (IL-22R) is limited to non-hematopoietic stromal cells, and it mediates protection of intestinal epithelium during experimental colitis by providing a signal for epithelial cell survival, proliferation, and wound healing. We investigated the role of IL-22 in GVHD during MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 (B6) into BALB/c murine bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Elimination of IL-22 with neutralizing antibody led to increased GVHD mortality post-BMT in comparison to isotype control. IL-22 KO BMT recipients demonstrated significantly increased GVHD mortality. The critical role of recipient-derived IL-22 was confirmed in a minor antigen-mismatched LP into B6 BMT model, and IL-22 KO recipients again demonstrated significantly increased mortality during GVHD and histopathologic evidence of GVHD in the small and large intestine and liver. IL-22 ELISA on tissue homogenates following BMT with wild type donors and recipients indicated that IL-22 levels were increased post-BMT in small and large intestine. However, IL-22 was significantly reduced in both tissues during GVHD. We identified IL-22-producing host ILC in small intestine lamina propria two weeks post-BMT. ILC were the only IL-22-producing population that could be identified post-BMT, and these ILC were significantly reduced during GVHD. IL-22R expression was identified by immunohistochemistry in intestinal crypts where the stem/progenitor cell niche is located, and immunofluorescence demonstrated IL-22R expression on intestinal progenitors at the crypt apex and on intestinal stem cells (ISC) located between lysozyme-expressing Paneth cells. Use of Lgr5-LacZ reporter mice indicated that ISC were targets of GVHD, and histologic assessment of the ISC niche demonstrated exacerbated loss of ISC in IL-22 KO mice during GVHD. In summary, IL-22 was produced post-BMT by host ILC that were eliminated during GVHD, and IL-22 deficiency increased GVHD morbidity and mortality. While IL-22 deficiency did not significantly alter the donor immune response, it did lead to increased GVHD pathology, loss of epithelial integrity, and loss of ISC. IL-22 is thus critical for protection of host epithelium during GVHD. This may be exploited in the future to reduce clinical GVHD without limiting the curative potential of the transplant.
Molten Hydroxide Coal Desulfurization Using Model Systems (1986)

The chemistry for the removal of organosulfur from coal, using fused caustics (molten hydroxides), was examined. Benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene were chosen as model compounds that simulate organosulfur compounds in coal. Results indicate that the desulfurization of thiophene-ring systems involves initial ring opening to form an intermediate aromatic thiol, followed by a slower sulfur-elimination step that produces the desulfurized product. The reactivities of the two hydroxides (NaOH and KOH) used were also studied. The relative amount of each hydroxide in the mixture may be critical in removing organosulfur, and potassium hydroxide is the reactive species. This suggests that the rate of decomposition/desulfurization may be enhanced by hydroxides containing the larger alkali cation, potassium. The sulfur-elimination step was further examined by conductingdecomposition experiments with thiophenol, sodium thiophenolate, or potassium thiophenolate. These compounds were chosen because they have the same functionality as the intermediate aromatic thiol formed from the decomposition of benzothiophene. Preliminary results show that potassium thiophenolate is more readily desulfurized than sodium thiophenolate and provides further evidence to support the important role of the potassium cation. Additional evidence for the role of the potassium cation was obtained by replacing KOH with other potassium salts. Similar rates of benzothiophene desulfurization were obtained with the K2CO3-NaOH fused salt mixture. The possible role of water in molten hydroxide desulfurization was examined by varying the amount of water present in certain hydroxides. Results demonstrate that water does not play an important role in the removal of sulfur from organosulfur moieties.
Phrasal Paraphrase Based Question Reformulation for Archived Question Retrieval (2013)

Lexical gap in cQA search, resulted by the variability of languages, has been recognized as an important and widespread phenomenon. To address the problem, this paper presents a question reformulation scheme to enhance the question retrieval model by fully exploring the intelligence of paraphrase in phrase-level. It compensates for the existing paraphrasing research in a suitable granularity, which either falls into fine-grained lexical-level or coarse-grained sentence-level. Given a question in natural language, our scheme first detects the involved key-phrases by jointly integrating the corpus-dependent knowledge and question-aware cues. Next, it automatically extracts the paraphrases for each identified key-phrase utilizing multiple online translation engines, and then selects the most relevant reformulations from a large group of question rewrites, which is formed by full permutation and combination of the generated paraphrases. Extensive evaluations on a real world data set demonstrate that our model is able to characterize the complex questions and achieves promising performance as compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Understanding and Mitigating the Effects of Stable Dodecahydro-<i>closo</i>-dodecaborate Intermediates on Hydrogen-Storage Reactions (2016)

Alkali metal borohydrides can reversibly store hydrogen; however, the materials display poor cyclability, oftentimes linked to the occurrence of stable closo-polyborate intermediate species. In an effort to understand the role of such intermediates on the hydrogen storage properties of metal borohydrides, several alkali metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate salts were isolated in anhydrous form and characterized by diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. Mixtures of Li2B12H12, Na2B12H12, and K2B12H12 with the corresponding alkali metal hydrides were subjected to hydrogenation conditions known to favor partial or full reversibility in metal borohydrides. The stoichiometric mixtures of MH and M2B12H12 salts form the corresponding metal borohydrides MBH4 (M = Li, Na, K) in almost quantitative yield at 100 MPa H2 and 500 °C. In addition, stoichiometric mixtures of Li2B12H12 and MgH2 were found to form MgB2 at 500 °C and above upon desorption in vacuum. The two destabilization strategies outlined above suggest that metal polyhydro-closo-polyborate species can be converted into the corresponding metal borohydrides or borides, albeit under rather harsh conditions of hydrogen pressure and temperature.
Dual-wavelength pump-probe measurements on helium-plasma-grown InGaAsP reveal complex carrier dynamics (2003)

Summary form only given. Previous single-wavelength pump-probe measurements on InGaAsP grown by He-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (He-plasma-grown InGaAsP) showed that this unique growth method produces picosecond, and, when combined with beryllium doping, subpicosecond conduction-band electron lifetimes, while maintaining good crystalline quality and a sharp band-edge. Dual-wavelength pump-probe results presented here allow a more detailed understanding of carrier dynamics just below the band-edge.
Current-Carrying and Short-Circuit Tests on EHV Cables Insulated with SF6 Gas (1969)

An EHV pipeline cable with compressed SF gas insulation was produced experimentally. Some dielectric tests were made with regard to 50-Hz impulse and switching surge voltages in 1965. Successively the second and third cables of three-phase type, about 45 feet in length, have been manufactured.
Sweeteners for frozen success--a review. (1994)

Sweeteners have always been an important ingredient in frozen desserts. Their manifold functions include imparting a sweet taste and thus palatability, contribute to the nutritive value, balance the fattiness, provide bulk and body, control ice crystallisation, enable the mix to be whipped and frozen simultaneously by bringing about suitable depression in the freezing point of the mix, enhance the flavour and improve the shelf life of the product. Traditionally sucrose, 36 or 42 DE corn sugar, invertsugar, dextrose and honey have been used extensively. However, increased sucrose prices coupled with quantity limitations in the use of corn sugar plus new technology breakthroughs in corn sugar refining have promoted the frozen dessert manufacturers to consider modifying the sweetener combinations as a cost saving exercise. Nowadays, we find high maltrose corn sugar (HMCS), high fructose corn sugar (HFCS) and polyols steadily replacing sucrose in ice cream formulations. Further, the sweetening substitutes are gaining prominence in the formulation of dietetic and diabetic ice creams. The technological properties, sweetness and physiological effects of sugars commonly used in frozen desserts are reviewed in comparison with newer sweeteners such as glucose-fructose syrup, HMCS, HFCS, whey-derived sweeteners, polyols, glycerol, inulin and a few intense sweeteners
Automatic Code Generation From UML State Chart Diagrams (2019)

The fact that event driven systems can be modeled and implemented using unified modeling language (UML) state chart diagrams has led to the development of code generation tools. These are tremendously helpful in making software system designs and can even generate skeletal source code from these designs. The implementation of such automatic code generation from state diagrams is not fully supported by the existing programming languages. The major down side is that there is no one-to-one correspondence between the elements in the state chart diagram and the programming constructs. The existing programming elements cannot effectively implement two main components of the state diagram namely, state hierarchy and concurrency. In this paper, we present a novel design pattern for the implementation of the state diagram which includes hierarchical, concurrent, and history states. The state transitions of parallel states are delegated to the composite state class. The architecture of the code generator and the step by step process of code generation from UML state machine are proposed in the paper. The proposed approach is implemented and compared with similar tools and the results are found to be promising.