gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (1967)

Abstract An improved method is described for the preparation of crystalline dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which is electrophoretically homogeneous. The enzyme exhibits an s20,w value of 7.45 S at infinite dilution, and its molecular weight is 115,000 ± 7,000. It contains 2 moles of FAD, 2 moles of FMN, 4 g atoms of iron, and 4 moles of acid-labile sulfide per mole of enzyme. Apparent Km values were determined for DPNH, orotate, and dihydroorotate. Orotate and oxidized enzyme yield a complex characterized by its absorption spectrum. Thermodynamic parameters for the dissociation of this complex are presented. Substrate specificity was studied with a series of pyrimidine derivatives. The ring hydroxyl and carboxyl substituents are essential for binding and oxidation of reduced enzyme. Halogen substitution at Position 5 increases both Km and Vmax. Reduction of the enzyme by reducing substrates is evidenced by bleaching at 450 mµ and the appearance of long wave length absorption. Reduction by DPNH proceeds rapidly; reduction by dihydroorotate is slow and proceeds to about one-half the extent found with DPNH. However, reduction of the enzyme by dihydroorotate in the presence of DPN is as complete, and perhaps as rapid, as that by DPNH. A large Cotton effect, observed in the visible region of the spectrum, was markedly altered by dithionite or reducing substrate and was shifted to lower wave lengths by 3.5 m urea. A flavin-free iron-protein was obtained which exhibited an absorption spectrum similar to that of iron-proteins from other iron-flavoproteins and to that of spinach ferredoxin. Three techniques were used to demonstrate the formation of an oxygen free radical when enzyme, reduced by substrate, is reoxidized by oxygen. Treatment with cysteine is required for reactions involving orotate or dihydroorotate, but not for DPNH oxidase activity. Similarly, treatment with mercuribenzoate destroyed orotate reductase and dihydroorotate oxidase activity while inhibiting DPNH oxidase activity only slightly. A tentative scheme for the internal electron transport system of this enzyme is presented.
Photoinduced Memory Effect in a Redox Controllable Bistable Mechanical Molecular Switch (2012)

Something to remember: A rotaxane could be operated as a bistable memory element under kinetic control (see picture). Data was written on the molecule by an oxidation stimulus and locked by UV light irradiation. After the writing session, the oxidized species was reduced back to the original form without losing the written data for a few hours. Light irradiation also protects nonoxidized rotaxanes from accidental writing.
Detecting Performance Antipatterns in Com-ponent Based Enterprise Systems. (2008)

We introduce an approach for automatic detection of performance antipatterns. The approach is based on a number of advanced monitoring and analysis techniques. The advanced analysis is used to identify relationships and patterns in the monitored data. This information is subsequently used to reconstruct a design model of the underlying system, which is loaded into a rule engine in order to identify predefined antipatterns. We give results of applying this approach to identify a number of antipatterns in two JEE applications. Finally, this work also categorises JEE antipatterns into categories based on the data needed to detect them.
Interactive texture-based volume rendering for large data sets (2001)

To employ direct volume rendering, TRex uses parallel graphics hardware, software-based compositing, and high-performance I/O to provide near-interactive display rates for time-varying, terabyte-sized data sets. We present a scalable, pipelined approach for rendering data sets too large for a single graphics card. To do so, we take advantage of multiple hardware rendering units and parallel software compositing. The goals of TRex, our system for interactive volume rendering of large data sets, are to provide near-interactive display rates for time-varying, terabyte-sized uniformly sampled data sets and provide a low-latency platform for volume visualization in immersive environments. We consider 5 frames per second (fps) to be near-interactive rates for normal viewing environments and immersive environments to have a lower bound frame rate of l0 fps. Using TRex for virtual reality environments requires low latency - around 50 ms per frame or 100 ms per view update or stereo pair. To achieve lower latency renderings, we either render smaller portions of the volume on more graphics pipes or subsample the volume to render fewer samples per frame by each graphics pipe. Unstructured data sets must be resampled to appropriately leverage the 3D texture volume rendering method.
Chiral Resolution of Dipeptides by Ligand Exchange Chromatography on Chemically Bonded Chiral Phases (1996)

Abstract This paper deals with studies on the optical resolution of glycyl-DL-amino acid dipeptides and diastereomeric dipeptides on three different chemically bonded chiral ligand exchange chromatography (LEC)-phases. The phases were prepared by binding L-proline or L-hydroxyproline to silica gel using different silanes as spacer. Using 10−5 M copper(H) sulface as a mobile phase, eleven glycyl-dipeptides were resolved, nearly all of them with baseline separations. Several dipeptides containing two stereogenic centres were at least partially resolved into the four stereoisomers.
Cell cycle-dependent alterations of a highly phosphorylated nucleolar protein p130 are associated with nucleologenesis (1995)

We identified a novel human nucleolar phosphoprotein p130 (130 kDa) using a strategy for selecting monoclonal antibodies against nuclear proteins which oscillate in the cell cycle. p130 is localized in interphase nucleoli in a dotted manner. Complete extraction of p130 required a high concentration of salt (0.5 M NaCl) indicating that it binds firmly to the nucleolar components via ionic interaction. p130 is heavily phosphorylated, since alkaline phosphatase treatment converted the purified p130 into a 95 kDa product; this was further supported by the in vitro demonstration that cellular phosphatase and casein kinase II activities were responsible for the interchange of these two forms. Extracts of mitotic cells had lower concentrations of p130 compared to those of interphase cells suggesting that a proportion of p130 might be degraded during mitosis. Moreover, all the remaining p130 in mitotic cells was further phosphorylated, likely by a cdc2 kinase, resulting in increase in its solubility, and its dispersion throughout the entire cytoplasm. Thus, p130 in metaphase and anaphase cells was unable to be detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. At telophase, p130 reappeared and aggregated into a granular structure, resembling the prenucleolar bodies. These granules migrated from the nucleoplasm to the nucleoli in early G1-phase. Actinomycin D was able to induce segregation of p130-containing granules into the nucleoplasm, similar to the well-known behavior of the fibrillarin-containing granules, indicating that p130 is localized in the dense fibrillar component, a subnucleolar region for pre-rRNA synthesis and processing. The cDNA sequence of p130 revealed a remarkable feature, that a serine-rich stretch interspersed with acidic residues is repeated ten times. Such a characteristic is shared with a rat nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140, which is thought to shuttle between the nucleolus and the cytoplasm. Although p130 shows 74% identity to Nopp140, our observations suggest that during mitosis the functions of p130 are related to nucleologenesis.
Multifunctional CD4 Cells Expressing Gamma Interferon and Perforin Mediate Protection against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection (2012)

CD4 effectors generated in vitro can promote survival against a highly pathogenic influenza virus via an antibody-independent mechanism involving class II-restricted, perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. However, it is not known whether CD4 cells activated during influenza virus infection can acquire cytolytic activity that contributes to protection against lethal challenge. CD4 cells isolated from the lungs of infected mice were able to confer protection against a lethal dose of H1N1 influenza virus A/Puerto Rico 8/34 (PR8). Infection of BALB/c mice with PR8 induced a multifunctional CD4 population with proliferative capacity and ability to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the draining lymph node (DLN) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IL-10 in the lung. IFN-γ-deficient CD4 cells produced larger amounts of IL-17 and similar levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-2 compared to wild-type (WT) CD4 cells. Both WT and IFN-γ(-/-) CD4 cells exhibit influenza virus-specific cytotoxicity; however, IFN-γ-deficient CD4 cells did not promote recovery after lethal infection as effectively as WT CD4 cells. PR8 infection induced a population of cytolytic CD4 effectors that resided in the lung but not the DLN. These cells expressed granzyme B (GrB) and required perforin to lyse peptide-pulsed targets. Lethally infected mice given influenza virus-specific CD4 cells deficient in perforin showed greater weight loss and a slower time to recovery than mice given WT influenza virus-specific CD4 cells. Taken together, these data strengthen the concept that CD4 T cell effectors are broadly multifunctional with direct roles in promoting protection against lethal influenza virus infection.
Carotid Artery Stent Implantation: Evaluation with Multi–Detector Row CT Angiography and Virtual Angioscopy—Initial Experience (2006)

Approval for this HIPAA-compliant study was obtained from the institutional review board; informed consent was not required for retrospective review of patient studies that had been performed for clinical evaluation. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the accuracy of intrastent luminal diameter, as measured on transverse computed tomographic (CT) angiograms and virtual angioscopic views, with the manufacturer's specifications for phantom diameter and with digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) measurements of stent diameter obtained in patients. Intrastent diameter was measured by using standard and stent-optimized reconstruction kernels with three window settings. Endoluminal virtual angioscopic views of the stent-containing vessels were also generated. Measurements at CT angiography were compared with known specifications for the phantom and with DSA measurements in patients. Erroneous measurements of intrastent diameter occurred when a standard kernel and nonoptimized window settings were used. A set of parameters that minimized error relative to measurements obtained at DSA was also identified. Virtual angioscopy helped demonstrate morphologic aspects of stenosis that were otherwise difficult to appreciate.
Protein Acetylation and Acetyl Coenzyme A Metabolism in Budding Yeast (2014)

Cells sense and appropriately respond to the physical conditions and availability of nutrients in their environment. This sensing of the environment and consequent cellular responses are orchestrated by a multitude of signaling pathways and typically involve changes in transcription and metabolism. Recent discoveries suggest that the signaling and transcription machineries are regulated by signals which are derived from metabolism and reflect the metabolic state of the cell. Acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) is a key metabolite that links metabolism with signaling, chromatin structure, and transcription. Acetyl-CoA is produced by glycolysis as well as other catabolic pathways and used as a substrate for the citric acid cycle and as a precursor in synthesis of fatty acids and steroids and in other anabolic pathways. This central position in metabolism endows acetyl-CoA with an important regulatory role. Acetyl-CoA serves as a substrate for lysine acetyltransferases (KATs), which catalyze the transfer of acetyl groups to the epsilon-amino groups of lysines in histones and many other proteins. Fluctuations in the concentration of acetyl-CoA, reflecting the metabolic state of the cell, are translated into dynamic protein acetylations that regulate a variety of cell functions, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and aging. This review highlights the synthesis and homeostasis of acetyl-CoA and the regulation of transcriptional and signaling machineries in yeast by acetylation.
Trialkoxynitridomolybdenum compounds: (RO)3Mo.ident.N. Preparation, structures (R = tert-Bu and iso-Pr), and comparisons with a tungsten analog (R = tert-Bu) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrialkoxynitridomolybdenum compounds: (RO)3Mo.ident.N. Preparation, structures (R = tert-Bu and iso-Pr), and comparisons with a tungsten analog (R = tert-Bu)Dominic M. T. Chan, Malcolm H. Chisholm, Kirsten Folting, John C. Huffman, and Nancy S. MarchantCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 23, 4170–4174Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00243a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00243a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views704Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
THE APPLICATION OF MICROWAVE SURGICAL TREATMENT TO UROLOGICAL DISEASES (1987)

表在性膀胱腫瘍に対して, 2,450MHzのマイクロ波を用いて内視鏡で観察しながら凝固するアプリケーターを作成, 犬膀胱に照射し, その熱分布, 安全性を実験的に検討した. さらに21例の膀胱癌を対象に本法を施行し, 次の結果を得た.1) マイクロ波照射により, ラジエータに接触した膀胱組織は熱を発生した. 出力100Wで20秒間照射すると, 粘膜面に直径2cmの円形の50℃以上の熱分布を認めた. そしてこの熱作用は, 膀胱筋層を越えて膀胱漿膜面まで及んでいた.2) 膀胱粘膜は照射直後には白色に変性したが, 炭化は認められなかった. 照射1週間後には白変した粘膜の周囲は, 出血および浮腫を認めた. 組織学的検討では粘膜筋層は変性, 壊死に陥っており, 周囲組織には出血, 炎症性浸潤を認めた. 6週間後には粘膜は修復されたが, 12週間後には筋層には出血, 炎症, 軽度の繊維化を認めた.3) 21例の膀胱癌患者に対し, 本法を施行し, 膀胱全摘を施行した4例を除き, 17例にCRを得たが, うち2例に再発を認めた. 膀胱全摘を施行した2例の摘出標本の組織学的検討では, 腫瘍は完全に壊死に陥っていた. 残る2例はT4の膀胱癌で治療効果の及ばなかった尿道, 膣壁に viable な腫瘍細胞が残存していた.4) 合併症としては, 6例に術後一過性の頻尿と1例に壊死した膀胱壁に石灰化を認めたが, 重篤な穿孔, 出血などは皆無であった.5) 以上の結果から, 本法は表在性膀胱腫瘍ばかりでなく筋層に浸潤した腫瘍に対しても安全で有効な保存治療法となる可能性を有していると考えられた.
A PWM Control Strategy for Low-speed Operation of Three-level NPC Inverter based on Bootstrap Gate Drive Circuit (2014)

This paper proposes the pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategy for low-speed operation in the three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters based on the bootstrap gate drive circuit. As a purpose of the cost reduction, several papers have paid attention to the bootstrap circuit applied to the three-level NPC inverter. However, the bootstrap gate driver IC cannot generate the gate signal to the IGBT for low-speed operation, because the bootstrap capacitor voltage decreases under the threshold level. For low-speed operation, the dipolar and partial-dipolar modulations can be the effective solution. However, these modulations have drawbacks in terms of the switching loss and THD. Therefore, this paper proposes the PWM control strategy to operate the inverter at low-speed and to minimize the switching loss and harmonics. The experimental results are presented to verify the validity on the proposed method.
Shrinkage behaviour of semi-crystalline polymers in laser sintering: PEKK and PA12 (2019)

Shrinkage is extensively mentioned in the literature as one of the main causes for dimensional instability or poor performance in Laser Sintering (LS). This study proposes and examines a methodology to describe shrinkage in cooling from a material perspective. Thermal behaviour and crystallisation effects were measured to determine the influence of powder structure and density on the overall LS shrinkage. PEKK and PA12 powders were used to assess such behaviour. The shrinkage parameter associated with powder bulk properties has the greatest impact in PEKK, contributing to 57% of the total shrinkage observed in cooling for this material as supported by the low values of bulk density, irregular morphology and internal porosity observed for these particles. For PA12, crystallisation is responsible for 60% of the overall shrinkage observed. In LS, PEKK shows an overall shrinkage approximately 30% lower than PA12, which makes it a promising material for maintaining final part dimensions.
CO2 adducts as reactive analogues of carboxylate substrates for aconitase and other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. (1987)

The CO2 adducts resulting from N-, O-, and S-carboxylation of suitable precursors are close analogues of carboxylate substrates in which -NH-CO2-, -O-CO2-, or -S-CO2- replaces -CH2-CO2- in the physiological substrate, -NOH-CO-2 replaces -CHOH-CO-2 and O-CO2- replaces -O-PO3H- R-XH + CO2 in equilibrium with R-X-CO2- + H+ X(-XH = -NH2, -NHOH, -OH or -SH). We find that aconitase catalyzes the CO2-dependent dehydration of N-hydroxy-DL-aspartate and erythro-beta-hydroxyl-L-aspartate with respective kcat values 62 and 90% of kcat for citrate and Km values of 3.6 and 3.2 mM, respectively. The CO2 adducts (carbamates) of the precursors would be structural and stereo analogues of the physiological substrate isocitrate. Detailed kinetic analyses of the behavior of intermediates and products show that aconitase catalyzes the formation of the enzyme-bound CO2 adducts from enzyme-bound precursors and CO2 and directs them, as well as the preformed CO2 adducts, into alpha,beta water elimination reactions formally identical to the isocitrate/cis-aconitate reaction. Six other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (succinate thiokinase and isocitrate, glucose-6-phosphate, succinate semialdehyde, glutamate, and malate dehydrogenase) utilize CO2 adducts as reactive substrate analogues. At least one of these (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) catalyzes the formation of the enzyme-bound CO2 adduct (presumed to be D-glucose 6-carbonate in this case) from enzyme-bound precursor (D-glucose) and CO2 in the manner of aconitase. The case of malate dehydrogenase is unique because the reactive malate analogue, -O2C-O-CHOH-CO-2, arises from nucleophilic attack of HCO-3 on the carbonyl of glyoxylate, rather than electrophilic attack of CO2 on the hydrated carbonyl of glyoxylate.
Wave-theoretical analysis of signal propagation on FET electrodes (1983)

A wave-theoretical analysis of MESFET electrode structures is undertaken, incorporating losses of both the semiconducting layer and the finite conductivity of the electrodes. It is shown that the relevant microwave FET mode has slow-wave properties with a slowing factor of about 6.
New Approaches for Validation of Lethal Phenotypes and Genetic Reversion in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2001)

Abstract Background. Because of limited genetic tools for use in Helicobacter pylori , tests routinely applied in other bacteria for demonstrating a gene’s role in viability and other phenotypes have not been applied to this organism. In a mutational study of putative response regulator genes, we aimed to develop such tools for H. pylori . Materials and Methods. We attempted to mutate five response regulator genes by allelic exchange insertional mutagenesis. For genes that yielded no viable mutants, a second copy of the gene was inserted into the chromosome via a suicide vector, and it was seen if providing the second copy would permit the gene’s disruption. For genes that yielded mutants with selectable phenotypes, a strategy was developed for reversion whereby an intact copy of the gene is introduced to the organism by transformation with PCR products. Following this procedure, revertants were selected by phenotypic tests then tested for genetic reversion. Results. After failure to attain transformants upon attempted mutation of genes HP0166 and HP1365, we inserted a second copy of each gene within the H. pylori chromosome. In each case the second copy relieved the block of transformation. Mutation of genes HP0703 and HP1021 gave non‐motile and small‐colony phenotypes, respectively. Following transformation with PCR products containing intact copies of the genes, both phenotype and genotype had reverted following phenotypic selections. Conclusions. The methods used in this study provide new approaches for confirming suspected genotype/phenotype associations and should be widely applicable in the study of H. pylori .
The economic burden of osteoarthritis. (2009)

As the most common form of joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with an extremely high economic burden. This burden is largely attributable to the effects of disability, comorbid disease, and the expense of treatment. Although typically associated with less severe effects on quality of life and per capita expenditures than rheumatoid arthritis, OA is nevertheless a more costly disease in economic terms because of its far higher prevalence. At the same time, the burden of OA is increasing. While direct and indirect per capita costs for OA have stabilized in recent years, the escalating prevalence of the disease-partly a function of the rapid increase in 2 major risk factors: aging and obesity-has led to much higher overall spending for OA. Approximately one-third of direct OA expenditures are allocated for medications, much of which goes toward pain-related agents. Hospitalization costs comprise nearly half of direct costs, although these expenditures are consumed by only 5% of OA patients who undergo knee or hip replacement surgery. However, while these surgeries are costly, they also appear to be quite cost-effective in the long term. Indirect costs for OA are also high, largely a result of work-related losses and home-care costs. Despite the need for wide-ranging and up-to-date data on the economics of OA treatment to clarify the most effective treatments and the best use of resources, this area of study has received insufficient research attention.
Effect of earth reflection on the maximum solar radiation of a solar collector inclined at optimum slope and azimuth angles in Kerman-Iran (2011)

In this study the effect of earth reflective coefficient on the maximum solar radiation reached to a solar collector surface was investigated by the mathematical KT and Hay models. The results showed that the maximum total radiation on the collector inclined at optimum angles increases due to increasing the earth reflective coefficient. The results also showed that neglecting the earth reflection decreases the maximum solar radiation on the collector.
Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection (2015)

In patients with ischemic stroke with a proximal cerebral arterial occlusion and salvageable tissue on CT perfusion imaging, early thrombectomy with the Solitaire FR stent retriever, as compared with alteplase alone, improved reperfusion, early neurologic recovery, and functional outcome. (Funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and others; EXTEND-IA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01492725, and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12611000969965.).