gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Single Particle Electron Microscopy: The Voltage Sensitive Sodium Channel Structure (2001)

Single particle analysis in electron microscopy allows direct observation of the reconstructed three-dimensional structures of protein molecules. This method enables a more comprehensive study of membrane proteins which have been problematic in structural studies using X-ray crystallography. These membrane proteins include the voltage-sensitive ion channel proteins, which play an important rule in neural activities, and have great medical significance. The method described is supported by the development of cryo-electron microscopy and the angular reconstitution method. This review summarizes certain principles governing single particle analysis employing angular reconstitution. This method was applied to our study of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel, and the results are discussed. With improvements in resolutions and statistical analyses, the single particle technique is considered to be advantageous in studies of the structural changes and molecular interactions of protein molecules.
Efficient preparation of 6,6-dihalopenicillanic acids. Synthesis of penicillanic acid S,S-dioxide (sulbactam) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient preparation of 6,6-dihalopenicillanic acids. Synthesis of penicillanic acid S,S-dioxide (sulbactam)R. A. Volkmann, R. D. Carroll, R. B. Drolet, M. L. Elliott, and B. S. MooreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 17, 3344–3345Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00138a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00138a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lifetime Risk for Developing Congestive Heart Failure (2002)

When established clinical criteria are used to define overt CHF, the lifetime risk for CHF is 1 in 5 for both men and women. For CHF occurring in the absence of myocardial infarction, the lifetime risk is 1 in 9 for men and 1 in 6 for women, which highlights the risk of CHF that is largely attributable to hypertension. These results should assist in predicting the population burden of CHF and placing greater emphasis on prevention of CHF through hypertension control and prevention of myocardial infarction.
Primary photochemical processes in aromatic molecules. Part 7.—Spectra and kinetics of some phenoxyl derivatives (1963)

E. J. Land and G. Porter, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 2016 DOI: 10.1039/TF9635902016
Extracellular presence of the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin B in rheumatoid synovium and its activity at neutral pH (1984)

The presence of the lysosomal proteinases cathepsin B and cathepsin D at extracellular sites in rheumatoid synovium was demonstrated using the antibody capture technique. Unlike cathepsin D, the cysteine proteinase cathepsin B was commonly detected only at the edges of the synovial explants. Radioimmunoassay and enzyme activity assay of these proteinases demonstrated that both were released from rheumatoid synovial cells in comparable amounts. Since lysosomal cathepsin B is unstable and denatured at physiologic pH and the antibody used only recognizes inactivated enzyme, we believe the selective detection of cathepsin B at the edge of the synovium may be due to the proteinase maintaining a native conformation within the explant, where the pH may be low enough to permit this. By use of a fluorescent substrate in a sensitive, continuous enzyme assay, cathepsin B was shown to express significant activity at neutral and alkaline pH before being inactivated. This and earlier work from this laboratory indicate that cathepsin B secreted by rheumatoid synovial cells may possess extracellular activity in vivo and be involved in the degradation of connective tissue macromolecules.
Photochemical reaction pathways of ruthenium(II) complexes. Evidence regarding the reactive excited state(s) from metal-to-ligand charge transfer excitation of pentaamine(pyridine)ruthenium(2+) and related complexes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical reaction pathways of ruthenium(II) complexes. Evidence regarding the reactive excited state(s) from metal-to-ligand charge transfer excitation of pentaamine(pyridine)ruthenium(2+) and related complexesGeorge Malouf and Peter C. FordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 2, 601–603Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00809a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00809a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Room-Temperature Extra-huge Magnetoresistance Effect in MnSb Granular Films. (2000)

A huge positive magnetoresistance effect in a relatively low magnetic field (less than 0.5 T) at room temperature was discovered in MnSb granular films. A granular film consisting of nano-scale MnSb clusters was grown on a sulfur-passivated GaAs(001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy, then covered with an Sb thin layer. The granular film shows magnetic-field-sensitive current-voltage characteristics. When a constant voltage, above the threshold value, is applied to the film, a more than 1000 percent change in the current, which we term a magnetoresistive switch, is driven by the magnetoresistance effect. A possible mechanism for the magnetoresistive switch effect is discussed.
Operating Small Sat Swarms as a Single Entity: Introducing SODA (2017)

NASA’s decadal survey determined that simultaneous measurements from a 3D volume of space are advantageous for a variety of studies in space physics and Earth science. Therefore, swarm concepts with multiple spacecraft in close proximity are a growing topic of interest in the small satellite community. Among the capabilities needed for swarm missions is a means to maintain operator-specified geometry, alignment, or separation. Swarm stationkeeping poses a planning challenge due to the limited scalability of ground resources. To address scalable control of orbital dynamics, we introduce SODA – Swarm Orbital Dynamics Advisor – a tool that accepts high-level configuration commands and provides the orbital maneuvers needed to achieve the desired type of swarm relative motion. Rather than conventional path planning, SODA’s innovation is the use of artificial potential functions to define boundaries and keepout regions. The software architecture includes high fidelity propagation, accommodates manual or automated inputs, displays motion animations, and returns maneuver commands and analytical results. Currently, two swarm types are enabled: in-train distribution and an ellipsoid volume container. Additional swarm types, simulation applications, and orbital destinations are in planning stages.
Análisis crítico de quejas conamed, 1996-2007 (2008)

Introduccion. conamed esta dedicada a atender y resolver quejas que los usuarios de los servicios de salud presentan.
Entre junio de 1996 y diciembre de 2007, se han atendido 182 407 asuntos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las
quejas presentadas para identificar los eventos adversos, sus causas y los riesgos que les dieron origen.
Material y metodos. Se realizo una investigacion, documental, transversal, descriptiva y retrospectiva, analizando la
informacion disponible en el Sistema de Atencion de Quejas Medicas (saqmed), tales como motivos y submotivos de
quejas, problemas en la calidad de la atencion y ocurrencia de eventos adversos, asi como un analisis de costos.
Resultados. Del total de quejas atendidas, cerca de 90% se resolvieron mediante Orientacion, aproximadamente 10%
en Conciliacion con atencion medica o retribucion economica y 2% en Arbitraje.
Conclusiones. En el saqmed no existen variables especificas destinadas a identificar eventos adversos relacionados con
fallas en los servicios de atencion medica en las quejas que se atienden en conamed.
Signal authentication and integrity schemes for next generation global navigation satellite systems (2005)

This paper describes a number of techniques for GNSS navigation message authentication. A detailed analysis of the security facilitated by navigation message authentication is given. The analysis takes into consideration the risk of critical applications that rely on GPS including transportation, finance and telecommunication networks. We propose a number of cryptographic authentication schemes for navigation data authentication. These authentication schemes provide authenticity and integrity of the navigation data to the receiver. Through software simulation, the performance of the schemes is quantified. The use of software simulation enables the collection of authentication performance data of different data channels, and the impact of various schemes on the infrastructure and receiver. Navigation message authentication schemes have been simulated at the proposed data rates of Galileo and GPS services, for which the resulting performance data is presented. This paper concludes by making recommendations for optimal implementation of navigation message authentication for Galileo and next generation GPS systems.
Newtonian viscosity model could overestimate wall shear stress in intracranial aneurysm domes and underestimate rupture risk (2011)

The Newtonian fluid assumption can underestimate viscosity and overestimate shear rate and WSS in regions of stasis or slowly recirculating secondary vortices, typically found at the dome in elongated or complex-shaped saccular aneurysms as well as in aneurysms following endovascular treatment. Because low shear rates and low WSS in such flow conditions indicate a high propensity for thrombus formation and rupture, CFD based on the Newtonian assumption may underestimate the propensity of these events.
Routing in frequency-hop packet radio networks with partial-band jamming (1993)

Research in adaptive, decentralized routing for frequency-hop packet radio networks with mobile partial-band jamming. A routing technique called least-resistance routing (LRR) is developed, and various versions of this routing method are examined. LRR uses a quantitative assessment of the interference environment experienced by a radio's receiver to determine a resistance value for that radio. Two components for the interference environment are considered: transmissions from other radios and partial-band jamming. The resistances for each of the radios in a particular path are combined to form the path resistance, and packets are forwarded on the path with the smallest resistance. Comparisons are made between different versions of LRR and between LRR and previously developed adaptive routing techniques. It is found that LRR is an effective way for dealing with mobile jamming in a frequency-hop packet radio network. Significant increases in throughput and end-to-end probability of success are obtained with LRR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gaussian frequency blending algorithm with matrix inversion tomosynthesis (MITS) and filtered back projection (FBP) for better digital breast tomosynthesis reconstruction (2006)

Breast cancer is a major problem and the most common cancer among women. The nature of conventional mammpgraphy makes it very difficult to distinguish a cancer from overlying breast tissues. Digital Tomosynthesis refers to a three-dimensional imaging technique that allows reconstruction of an arbitrary set of planes in the breast from limited-angle series of projection images as the x-ray source moves. Several tomosynthesis algorithms have been proposed, including Matrix Inversion Tomosynthesis (MITS) and Filtered Back Projection (FBP) that have been investigated in our lab. MITS shows better high frequency response in removing out-of-plane blur, while FBP shows better low frequency noise propertities. This paper presents an effort to combine MITS and FBP for better breast tomosynthesis reconstruction. A high-pass Gaussian filter was designed and applied to three-slice "slabbing" MITS reconstructions. A low-pass Gaussian filter was designed and applied to the FBP reconstructions. A frequency weighting parameter was studied to blend the high-passed MITS with low-passed FBP frequency components. Four different reconstruction methods were investigated and compared with human subject images: 1) MITS blended with Shift-And-Add (SAA), 2) FBP alone, 3) FBP with applied Hamming and Gaussian Filters, and 4) Gaussian Frequency Blending (GFB) of MITS and FBP. Results showed that, compared with FBP, Gaussian Frequency Blending (GFB) has better performance for high frequency content such as better reconstruction of micro-calcifications and removal of high frequency noise. Compared with MITS, GFB showed more low frequency breast tissue content.
Clinically relevant treatment considerations regarding lithium use in bipolar disorder (2017)

The goal of this paper is to provide a practical, clinically oriented review of lithium, a salt widely used to treat mania since the 1870s and formally approved as a mood stabilizer in 1970. Although lithium is still considered a first-line treatment for bipolar mania in most practice guidelines, its use may be overshadowed by newer psychotropic medications. Areas covered: This paper addresses the historical use of lithium, modern indications for its use, guidelines for prescribing and monitoring continued lithium use, drug-drug interactions, and pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetic properties. The paper also reviews the unique properties of lithium and their potential clinical importance. Expert opinion: While the use of lithium does involve some unique risks to the patient, it may also has some unique advantages in certain patient populations. Two major findings that make lithium unique are its potential neuroprotective benefits and decreased risk of suicide in patients with mood disorders.
The Exosome ‐ A Naturally Secreted Nanoparticle and its Application to Wound Healing (2015)

Wound healing is a complex process and often delayed in patients with underlying chronic conditions. The cost of wound care is a significant burden to the society, warranting new techniques to prompt wound healing. Several studies have reported on the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) function in recruiting host cells, releasing secretory factors and matrix proteins thereby increasing wound heal. These secrete bioactive trophic factors from MSCs also includes extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes. Recent studies have shown that EVs are one of the key secretory products of MSCs mediating cell-to-cell communication to enhance wound healing. Current knowledge related to the potential use of EVs in wound healing is reviewed and the promising future for EVs - a naturally secreted nanoparticle - as an alternative to cell-based therapy is discussed.
The expression of transforming growth factor-?1 is significantly correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and poor prognosis of patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (1999)

These results suggest that TGF-beta1 might be associated with tumor progression by indirectly stimulating angiogenesis through the up-regulation of VEGF expression in gastric carcinoma.
THERMODYNAMIC DATA FOR FLUE-GAS DESULFURIZATION PROCESSES (1981)

LBL-11758 Presented at the Flue Gas Desulfurization Symposium, Morgantown, WV, November 6-7, 19~0 THERMODYNAMIC DATA FOR FLUE-GAS DESULFURIZATION PROCESSES Leo Brewer TWO-WEEK LOAN August 1981 PY ,., , a Library irculating opy T 1 n IS IS d for two wee~s. which may be borrowe For a personal retention cop~. call Tech. Info. Diu is ion, Ext 6782 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7 405-ENG-48
Synthese von 2(1<i>H</i>)-Pyridonen aus 2<i>H</i>-Pyran-2-onen (1991)

Synthesis of 2(1H)-Pyridones From 2H-Pyran-2-ones 5-Substituted and 4,5-disubstituted 2(1H)-pyridones (13 examples) with formyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, and trifluoromethyl groups in the 5 position were prepared in 16-97% yield by amination of the corresponding 2H-pyran-2-ones with hexamethyldisilazane or alkyl(trimethylsilyl)amines.
Bionics: Biological insight into mechanical design (1999)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A monolithically integrated HgCdTe SWIR photodetector and tunable MEMS-based optical filter (2005)

A monolithically integrated low temperature MEMS and HgCdTe infrared detector technology has been implemented and characterised. The MEMS-based optical filter, integrated with an infrared detector, selects narrow wavelength bands in the range from 1.6 to 2.5 μm within the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The entire fabrication process is compatible with two-dimensional infrared focal plane array technology. The fabricated device consists of an HgCdTe SWIR photoconductor, two distributed Bragg mirrors formed of Ge-SiO-Ge, a sacrificial spacer layer within the cavity, which is then removed to leave an air-gap, and a silicon nitride membrane for structural support. The tuning spectrum from fabricated MEMS filters on photoconductive detectors shows a wide tuning range and high percentage transmission is achieved with a tuning voltage of only 7.5 V. The FWHM ranged from 95-105 nm over a tuning range of 2.2 μm to 1.85 μm. Finite element modelling of various geometries for the silicon nitride membrane will also be presented. The modelling is used to determine the best geometry in terms of fill factor, voltage displacement prediction and membrane bowing.
Probabilistic Collision Prediction for Vision-Based Automated Road Safety Analysis (2007)

This work aims at addressing the many problems that have hindered the development of vision-based systems for automated road safety analysis. The approach relies on traffic conflicts used as surrogates for collision data. Traffic conflicts are identified by computing the collision probability for any two road users in an interaction. A complete system is implemented to process traffic video data, detect and track road users, and analyze their interactions. Motion patterns are needed to predict road users' movements and determine their probability of being involved in a collision. An original incremental algorithm for the learning of prototype trajectories as motion patterns is presented. The system is tested on real world traffic data, including a few traffic conflict instances. Traffic patterns are successfully learnt on two datasets, and used for collision probability computation and traffic conflict detection.
Langerhans cell (LC) proliferation mediates neonatal development, homeostasis, and inflammation-associated expansion of the epidermal LC network (2009)

Most tissues develop from stem cells and precursors that undergo differentiation as their proliferative potential decreases. Mature differentiated cells rarely proliferate and are replaced at the end of their life by new cells derived from precursors. Langerhans cells (LCs) of the epidermis, although of myeloid origin, were shown to renew in tissues independently from the bone marrow, suggesting the existence of a dermal or epidermal progenitor. We investigated the mechanisms involved in LC development and homeostasis. We observed that a single wave of LC precursors was recruited in the epidermis of mice around embryonic day 18 and acquired a dendritic morphology, major histocompatibility complex II, CD11c, and langerin expression immediately after birth. Langerin(+) cells then undergo a massive burst of proliferation between postnatal day 2 (P2) and P7, expanding their numbers by 10-20-fold. After the first week of life, we observed low-level proliferation of langerin(+) cells within the epidermis. However, in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD), a keratinocyte signal triggered increased epidermal LC proliferation. Similar findings were observed in epidermis from human patients with AD. Therefore, proliferation of differentiated resident cells represents an alternative pathway for development in the newborn, homeostasis, and expansion in adults of selected myeloid cell populations such as LCs. This mechanism may be relevant in locations where leukocyte trafficking is limited.