gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application-Level Fault-Tolerance Solutions for Grid Computing (2008)

One of the key functionalities provided by Grid systems is the remote execution of applications. This paper introduces a research proposal on fault-tolerance mechanisms for the execution of sequential and message-passing parallel applications on the Grid. A service-based architecture called CPPC-G is proposed. The CPPC (Controller/Precompiler for Portable Checkpointing) framework is used to insert checkpointing instrumentation into the application code. CPPC-G services will be in charge of the submission and monitoring of the application execution, management of checkpoint files generated by CPPC-enabled applications, and detection and automatic restart of failed executions. The development of the CPPC-G architecture will involve research in different areas such as storage and management of data files (checkpoint files); automatic selection of suitable computing resources; reliable detection of execution failures and robustness issues to make the architecture fault-tolerant itself.
PROKARYOTIC OSMOREGULATION: Genetics and Physiology (1991)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Optical Characterization Studies of a Low-Cost Particle Sensor (2017)

Compact low-cost sensors for measuring particulate matter (PM) concentrations are receiving significant attention as they can be used in larger numbers and in a distributed manner. Most low-cost particle sensors work on optical scattering measurements from the aerosol. To ensure accurate and reliable determination of PM mass concentrations, a relationship of the scattering signal to mass concentration should be established. The scattering signal depends on the aerosol size distributions and particle refractive index. A systematic calibration of a low-cost particle sensor (Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F) was carried out by both experimental and computational studies. Sodium chloride, silica, and sucrose aerosols were used as test cases with size distributions measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The mass concentration was estimated using the measured size distribution and density of the particles. Calculations of the scattered light intensity were done using these measured size distributions and known refractive index of the particles. The calculated scattered light intensity showed better linearity with the sensor signal compared to the mass concentration. To obtain a more accurate mass concentration estimation, a model was developed to determine a calibration factor (K). K is not universal for all aerosols, but depends on the size distribution and refractive index. To improve accuracy in estimation of mass concentration, an expression for K as a function of geometric mean diameter, geometric standard deviation, and refractive index is proposed. This approach not only provides a more accurate estimation of PM concentration, but also provides an estimate of the aerosol number concentration.
Trials of an inactivated equid herpesvirus 1 vaccine: challenge with a subtype 1 virus (1984)

Vaccinated yearlings , two-year-old and in-foal pony mares with appropriate controls were exposed to aerosols of a subtype 1 virus one to two months after two or three vaccinations; all became infected. No obvious differences in the febrile responses, clinical signs and subsequent abortions were found between vaccinated and control mares. All vaccinated yearlings and two-year-old ponies developed a febrile respiratory disease but this was less severe than that suffered by the controls and the amounts and duration of virus shedding were reduced.
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus RNAs Serve as Cap Donors for Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Transcription during Coinfection of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> (1999)

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was shown to use alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNAs as cap donors in vivo during a mixed infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. By use of nested reverse transcription-PCR, TSWV N and NSs mRNAs provided with capped leader sequences derived from all four AMV RNAs could be cloned and sequenced. The sequence specificity of the putative TSWV endonuclease involved is discussed.
G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2): mechanisms of regulation and physiological functions (1998)

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) plays a key role in determining the rate and extent of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization and resensitization. Recent data indicate that GRK2 activity, subcellular distribution and expression are tightly regulated. The important physiological function of GRK2 as a modulator of the efficacy of GPCR signal transduction systems is exemplified by its relevance in cardiovascular physiopathology as well as by its emerging role in the regulation of chemokine receptors.
Early Disruption of Maternal–Zygotic Interaction and Activation of Defense-Like Responses in<i>Arabidopsis</i>Interspecific Crosses     (2013)

Seed death resulting from hybridization between Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis arenosa has complex genetic determination and involves deregulation 5 to 8 d after pollination (DAP) of agamous-like genes and retroelements. To identify causal mechanisms, we compared transcriptomes of compatible and incompatible hybrids and parents at 3 DAP. Hybrids misexpressed endosperm and seed coat regulators and hyperactivated genes encoding ribosomal, photosynthetic, stress-related, and immune response proteins. Regulatory disruption was more severe in Columbia-0 hybrids than in C24 hybrids, consistent with the degree of incompatibility. Maternal loss-of-function alleles for endosperm growth factor transparent testa glabra2 and HAIKU1 and defense response regulators non-expressor of pathogenesis related1 and salicylic acid induction-deficient2 increased hybrid seed survival. The activation of presumed polycomb repressive complex (PRC) targets, together with a 20-fold reduction in expression of fertilization independent seed2, indicated a PRC role. Proximity to transposable elements affected natural variation for gene regulation, but transposon activation did not differ from controls. Collectively, this investigation provides candidates for multigenic orchestration of the incompatibility response through disruption of endosperm development, a novel role for communication between endosperm and maternal tissues and for pathways previously connected to immunity, but, surprisingly, does not identify a role for transposons.
Immature erythroblasts with extensive ex vivo self-renewal capacity emerge from the early mammalian fetus (2010)

In the hematopoietic hierarchy, only stem cells are thought to be capable of long-term self-renewal. Erythroid progenitors derived from fetal or adult mammalian hematopoietic tissues are capable of short-term, or restricted (10(2)- to 10(5)-fold), ex vivo expansion in the presence of erythropoietin, stem cell factor, and dexamethasone. Here, we report that primary erythroid precursors derived from early mouse embryos are capable of extensive (10(6)- to 10(60)-fold) ex vivo proliferation. These cells morphologically, immunophenotypically, and functionally resemble proerythroblasts, maintaining both cytokine dependence and the potential, despite prolonged culture, to generate enucleated erythrocytes after 3-4 maturational cell divisions. This capacity for extensive erythroblast self-renewal is temporally associated with the emergence of definitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac and its transition to the fetal liver. In contrast, hematopoietic stem cell-derived definitive erythropoiesis in the adult is associated almost exclusively with restricted ex vivo self-renewal. Primary primitive erythroid precursors, which lack significant expression of Kit and glucocorticoid receptors, lack ex vivo self-renewal capacity. Extensively self-renewing erythroblasts, despite their near complete maturity within the hematopoietic hierarchy, may ultimately serve as a renewable source of red cells for transfusion therapy.
Antimicrobial Effects of the Tetrachlorodecaoxygen-Anion Complex on Oropharyngeal Bacterial Flora: An in vitro Study (1993)

The susceptibility of 276 different strains of bacteria derived from the oropharyngeal flora to the tetrachlorodecaoxygen-anion complex (TCDO) was tested using the agar dilution method. The results showed that at therapeutic concentrations of the drug the growth of all the strains tested was inhibited, with the exception of Candida albicans. The pathogenic anaerobes proved to be particularly sensitive to TCDO.
Finding Generators for Markov Chains via Empirical Transition Matrices, with Applications to Credit Ratings (2001)

In this paper we identify conditions under which a true generator does or does not exist for an empirically observed Markov transition matrix. We show how to search for valid generators and choose the “correct” one that is the most compatible with bond rating behaviors. We also show how to obtain an approximate generator when a true generator does not exist. We give illustrations using credit rating transition matrices published by Moody's and by Standard and Poor's.
Plasma Processing for Carbon Nanomaterials (2012)

Plasma is a useful tool to synthesize carbon nano-materials including diamond, fullerene, nanotube and graphene. This review introduces the overview of these carbon nano-materials produced by thermal or non-thermal plasmas and also the authors' work related to plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes and its correlation with numerical simulation of CH4/H2 feedstock gas plasmas. The amount of carbon atoms in the CNTs grown and that calculated from simulation showed good agreement.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON EUCOMIN UND (+‐)‐EUCOMOL (1970)

Abstract Kondensation des Chromanons (I) mit Anisaldehyd (II) in Acetanhydrid (III) gibt Eucomin‐diacetat (IV) (24% Ausbeute) und nach Verseifen Eucomin (V).
Natural convection cooling of discrete heaters with same heat generation in a vertical open top cavity (1997)

Natural convection cooling of discrete heaters located in a two-dimensional vertical open top cavity is investigated experimentally. The five discrete heaters with same heat generation are located on the wall of the cavity. The heaters are arranged in two configurations; flush-mounted on a vertical wall and protruding from the wall about 4.5 mm. The materials used for the vertical walls are copper and epoxy-resin, and air is used as the cooling fluid. The temperature and flow fields in the cavity were visualized by means of Mach-Zehnder interferometer and smoke-method. Also, local temperature measurements are made along the vertical wall. Results are obtained for cavity aspect ratios of 4.6, 7.5 and 9.5 and modified Rayleigh numbers ranging from 10 to 10 . Results indicate that the cooling efficiency for the copper wall is superior to that of the epoxy-resin. For the epoxy-resin wall, the protrusion of the heaters plays a role in decreasing the heat transfer performance. The location of maximum temperature is significantly influenced by the wall materials and heater configurations. Correlations relating the Nusselt number to the modified Rayleigh number are proposed.
In-Vessel Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Peat (2001)

Petroleum pollution of the ocean arises from activities undertaken to meet energy requirements such as extraction, transport, and general uses of petroleum products. Marine transport of oil has greatly increased over the past few decades and oil spills affect the living and non-living resources of the surrounding areas. In this study, the effectiveness of peat in the remediation of oil contaminated water was tested and the in-vessel bioremediation of the oil contaminated peat was evaluated. The results indicated that kiln dried peat is an excellent absorbent for extracting oil from water. It has the ability to remove 99.998% of the oil from contaminated water having an oil slick of 1.3 cm in depth. Mixing the peat with the contaminated water allowed for the coagulation of the peat with oil, and thus increased the oil removal efficiency, but also increased the moisture content of the peat. Evidence of three microbial populations (psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic) in the bioreactor demonstrated the potential of the in-vessel bioremediation process to achieve a much higher oil degradation efficiency at a lower cost compared to biopiling and lasd farming. The worming of the material in the bioreactor and the increased moisture content were signs of the conversion of complex organic carbon by these microbes into energy, CO2 and H2O. Higher temperatures caused by mesophilic and thermophilic activities resulted in a higher conversion rate. The moisture content, pH and the aeration rate were within the optimum range for the bioremediation process. The poultry manure provided all the required nutrients for microbial growth, but nitrogen appeared to be the limiting factor.The bioremediation process achieved 56.7% reduction in oil content in about twelve days. Addition of a nitrogen source would have resulted in a much higher reduction percentage. The original humic mixture was reduced to a denser, but porous material that looked like a garden soil with a dark brown color and no oil odor.
An alternative synthesis of anomeric methyl 2-deoxy-4-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranosides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn alternative synthesis of anomeric methyl 2-deoxy-4-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranosidesYun-Lung Fu and Miroslav BobekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 24, 3831–3834Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00886a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00886a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Xenopus</i>: An ideal system for chemical genetics (2012)

Chemical genetics, or chemical biology, has become an increasingly powerful method for studying biological processes. The main objective of chemical genetics is the identification and use of small molecules that act directly on proteins, allowing rapid and reversible control of activity. These compounds are extremely powerful tools for researchers, particularly in biological systems that are not amenable to genetic methods. In addition, identification of small molecule interactions is an important step in the drug discovery process. Increasingly, the African frog Xenopus is being used for chemical genetic approaches. Here, we highlight the advantages of Xenopus as a first-line in vivo model for chemical screening as well as for testing reverse engineering approaches.
Modelling of PCB variations and its impact on microcontroller immunity (1997)

Within any electronic product lies a printed circuit board (PCB). This PCB is used to provide a convenient method of holding the electronic circuit in place, while connections are made between these components. The PCB can then be placed into harsh environments such as car engine bays. What influence does the PCB have on the EMC performance of the microcontroller circuit? It is important to understand this influence and determine ways how it can be exploited to improve the circuit immunity. In order to understand how the PCB contributes to the immunity performance of a microcontroller based electronic circuit, simulations of two and four layer PCBs were performed. From simulation, it is seen that the PCB is not an inert object, but has properties that affect immunity performance. Methods to improve the immunity performance of microcontroller based circuits are suggested. EMC immunity of the microcontroller based circuits can be affected by not only the layout and layering of the PCB, but also by the dielectric constant of the materials used. This implies that the design process for modern digital circuits should not only optimise the layout of the PCB, but take account of materials used in the PCB construction. Both of these should be treated as important design parameters, and any changes carefully weighed.
Apprenticeship Learning for Model Parameters of Partially Observable\n Environments (2012)

We consider apprenticeship learning, i.e., having an agent learn a task by\nobserving an expert demonstrating the task in a partially observable\nenvironment when the model of the environment is uncertain. This setting is\nuseful in applications where the explicit modeling of the environment is\ndifficult, such as a dialogue system. We show that we can extract information\nabout the environment model by inferring action selection process behind the\ndemonstration, under the assumption that the expert is choosing optimal actions\nbased on knowledge of the true model of the target environment. Proposed\nalgorithms can achieve more accurate estimates of POMDP parameters and better\npolicies from a short demonstration, compared to methods that learns only from\nthe reaction from the environment.\n
Transformer coupled novel noise cancellation technique for subthreshold UWB LNA (2012)

In this paper, a transformer coupled noise cancellation technique for subthreshold Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is presented. This introduces a novel noise cancellation technique with current reuse topology and transformer coupling for better noise and gain performance. Moreover power consumption is considerably reduced by biasing both (two) stages in subthreshold region. This circuit is designed in UMC180nm process and simulated using SpectreRF simulator. This circuit achieved a maximum gain of 14dB and noise figure of 3.6dB over the 3dB bandwidth of 2.4-6GHz. This consumes 1.48mW of DC power from 1.5V supply. Hence the proposed circuit is very useful for WSN applications in ISM (2.4GHz) band and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) group I & II.
Deduplication of tracked objects position data at single observation point of a Vessel Monitoring System (2015)

Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) play a major role in safety navigation. In most cases they are based on two data sources, namely Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA). Integration of data obtained from these sources is an important problem, which needs to be solved in order to ensure the correct performance of a given VMS. In this paper basic functions which should be implemented in a tracked objects position data deduplication module are described. An example based on their practical implementation is also presented.
Contextualizing China—Africa Relations (2012)

In much of the recent media coverage concerning China’s contemporary relationship with Africa there is often little if any recognition that the historical connections between China and Africa run deep and that contemporary China-Africa engagement builds on a longer history of cooperation and interaction. It is as if China’s interest in Africa is somehow ‘new’ and sudden, purely opportunistic or that it has come from nowhere. Yet China has long had a presence in Africa (Yu 1965; Ismael 1971; Larkin 1971; Eadie and Grizzell 1979; Jinyuan 1984) and Africans are also an important part of China’s history (Brunson 1985, 1995; Snow 1988; Winters 1984). This chapter traces the longue durée of China’s historical encounters with Africa, not by offering a simplistic chronology or by focusing purely on the history of formal diplomacy after the birth of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 but rather by looking at the long-term history of connections and encounters between China and Africa and by rejecting the linearity and seamlessness implied and imposed by the totalizing discourses of official history. These kind of official narrations of China in Africa have particular kinds of ideological uses in the contemporary historical moment and often seek to trace this history to some founding moment or point or origin.
Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in Enterococcus faecalis, Clade Structure in E. faecium, and Defining Characteristics of <i>E</i> .  <i>gallinarum</i> and <i>E</i> .  <i>casseliflavus</i> (2012)

The enterococci are Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of diverse hosts. However, Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis have emerged as leading causes of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. The mechanism by which a well-adapted commensal evolved into a hospital pathogen is poorly understood. In this study, we examined high-quality draft genome data for evidence of key events in the evolution of the leading causes of enterococcal infections, including E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus, and E. gallinarum. We characterized two clades within what is currently classified as E. faecium and identified traits characteristic of each, including variation in operons for cell wall carbohydrate and putative capsule biosynthesis. We examined the extent of recombination between the two E. faecium clades and identified two strains with mosaic genomes. We determined the underlying genetics for the defining characteristics of the motile enterococci E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum. Further, we identified species-specific traits that could be used to advance the detection of medically relevant enterococci and their identification to the species level.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Up-Regulate the Expression of Tight Junction Proteins (2004)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors promote cell maturation, differentiation, and apoptosis through changes in gene expression. Differentiated epithelial cells are characterized by apical tight junctions (TJ), which play a role in cell-cell adhesion, polarity, and the permeability barrier function of epithelia. The relationship between cellular differentiation and expression of TJ-associated proteins is not known. Here, we investigated whether HDAC inhibitors affect the expression of TJ proteins in cultured cells by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time, reverse transcription-PCR. We find that the HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate significantly up-regulates the protein levels of cingulin, ZO-1, and ZO-2 in Rat-1 fibroblasts, cingulin in COS-7 cells, and cingulin and occludin in HeLa cells. Levels of mRNA for cingulin, ZO-1, and ZO-2 are also increased in sodium butyrate-treated Rat-1 fibroblasts. Up-regulation of cingulin is reversible and dose dependent and requires de novo protein synthesis and protein kinase activity, because it is inhibited by cycloheximide and by the protein kinase inhibitor H-7. Up-regulation of TJ proteins by sodium butyrate is linked to the ability of sodium butyrate to inhibit HDAC activity, because suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a HDAC inhibitor of a different structural class, also up-regulates cingulin, ZO-1, and ZO-2 expression in Rat-1 fibroblasts. These results indicate that cellular differentiation correlates with kinase-dependent up-regulation of the expression of specific TJ proteins.