gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Access Features and Interaction Among Driveways as Investigated by Simulation (2000)

The number, placement, and design features of driveways are important issues in access management. Simulation was used extensively so that the key parameters and variables could be controlled efficiently and so that underlying effects could be studied systematically. Some results were not surprising: deceleration lanes are important, as are acceleration lanes; the presence of driveways has some adverse effect on arterial through-vehicle speed; and the effect is greater as the number of driveways increases. But the emphasis was placed also on the effects on driveway traffic, in terms of driveway per-vehicle delay and queuing. For multiple driveways, the effect on the first (most upstream) driveway of the presence of the others was dramatic. Delay and maximum queue size increased significantly, indicating a substantial reduction in driveway capacity. This reduction was estimated at 30 to 50 percent by an analytic investigation. The effect of adding one downstream driveway was equivalent to increasing the arterial volume by 25 percent in the moderate-to-heavy flow range. Finally, the multiple driveway work revealed an oddity in that the downstream driveway performed better than it would have if it were alone. The authors attribute this to the decreased arterial environment and the “sheltering” effect of the turbulence from the upstream driveway.
Cooperation between <i>Pik3ca</i> and p53 Mutations in Mouse Mammary Tumor Formation (2011)

PIK3CA, which codes for the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human breast cancer. Here, we describe a mouse model for PIK3CA-induced breast cancer by using the ROSA26 (R26) knock-in system, in which targeted Pik3ca alleles can be activated through transgenic expression of Cre recombinase. We mated Pik3ca(H1047R) and Pik3ca(wt) knock-in lines with MMTV-Cre transgenics, which express Cre in mammary epithelium. Starting at approximately 5 months of age, female R26-Pik3ca(H1047R);MMTV-Cre mice, but not control R26-Pik3ca(wt);MMTV-Cre mice, developed mammary tumors, as well as lymphoid and skin malignancies. R26-Pik3ca(H1047R);MMTV-Cre mammary tumors were typically either adenosquamous carcinoma or adenomyoepithelioma. As p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in breast cancer, we tested for genetic interaction between Pik3ca(H1047R) and p53 loss-of-function mutations in R26-Pik3ca(H1047R);p53(loxP/+);MMTV-Cre mice. This led to decreased survival of double-mutant animals, which developed lymphoma and mammary tumors with rapid kinetics. Mammary tumors that formed in p53(loxP/+);MMTV-Cre conditional mutants were either poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or spindle cell/EMT, whereas R26-Pik3ca(H1047R);p53(loxP/+);MMTV-Cre mammary tumors were mostly adenosquamous carcinoma or spindle cell/EMT indicating that double-mutant mice develop a distinct spectrum of mammary tumors. Thus, an oncogenic variant of PIK3CA implicated in multiple human breast cancer subtypes can induce a very diverse spectrum of mammary tumors in mice. Furthermore, Pik3ca(H1047R) shows cooperation with p53, which altered the specific tumors that formed. Thus, the two most frequently mutated genes in human breast cancer show cooperation in mammary tumor formation.
Predictable TCR antigen recognition based on peptide scans leads to the identification of agonist ligands with no sequence homology. (1998)

The potential of CD4+ T cells for cross-recognition of self and foreign Ags has important implications for the understanding of thymic selection, lymphocyte survival, and the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Here, we define the extensive flexibility of Ag recognition for three human CD4+ autoreactive T cell clones (TCC) by using ligands with single and multiple amino acid (aa) substitutions. Our results demonstrate that the spectrum of tolerated ligands and the resulting stimulatory potency of peptides for a TCC can be predicted by the relative influence of each aa. Using this approach, we have identified stimulatory ligands not sharing a single aa in corresponding positions with the Ag used to establish the TCC. These results argue for an independent contribution of each aa in the peptide sequence to the affinity of the MHC/peptide complex to the TCR.
Effects of Light Wavelength and Intensity on the Expression of Photoresponse Genes in Oyster Mushroom Mycelia (2011)

When oyster mushroom mycelia photoresponse genes responded to blue light, there was an inherent induction period, which lasted until the light stimulation caused up- and downregulation of the genes. The expression levels of the genes were highly dependent on the intensity of blue (470 nm) and green light (525 nm), while far-red (735 nm) and red light (660 nm) did not affect the expression level regardless of the intensity. In addition, when the mycelia were stimulated for 36 h using blue light at 105 μmol m-2 s-1 of photon flux density and then kept in the dark for 4 d, the expression levels of a few downregulated genes became ca. 2.2 to 3 times greater than before irradiation. These findings have the potential to lead to the development of new phototechnology and techniques in which light-emitting diodes are used in the cultivation of edible mushrooms.
8Gb/s differential simultaneous bidirectional link with 4mV 9ps waveform capture diagnostic capability (2003)

Differential simultaneous bidirectional I/O circuits in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS operate up to 8 Gb/s with BER better than 10/sup -11/ using 32 b LFSR. The cell area is 0.13 mm/sup 2/ and the dissipation is 120 mW. On-die diagnostic measurement of individual I/O link performance is enabled with a variable offset comparator and clock phase interpolator with resolution of 4 mV and 9 ps.
The Effects of Low-Load and Unleaded Fuels Gasoline Engines (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently reduced the permissible concentration of lead in gasoline from 1.1 to 0.1 gram per gallon, and has proposed to eliminate lead entirely by 1988. In addition to its octane-enhancing properties, lead in gasoline protects exhaust valve seats in older engines from undue wear (“valve-seat recession), and it and its scavengers have numerous other positive and negative effects. These include changes in octane requirements, hydrocarbon emissions, engine rusting, corrosive wear, oil thickening and degradation, spark-plug fouling, exhaust-valve burning, and exhaust system corrosion. This paper reviews the literature on the harmful and beneficial effects of lead and lead scavengers on engines, and examines some of the substantial body of operating experience that has been accumulated with unleaded gasoline in older engines. Based on this experience, it does not appear that valve-seat recession will be a major problem, even if all lead is eliminated from gasoline. Furthermore, the switch to unleaded gasoline should provide significant benefits in the form of reduced maintenance costs and increased engine life.</div>
transmission electron microscopy study of a low-angle boundary in plastically deformed Ti3SiC2 (1999)

The dislocation structure of a typical low-angle boundary associated with a kink band in a sample of Ti3SiC2 deformed at room temperature was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The boundary had both tilt and twist components. To account for both, the boundary was interpreted to be composed of parallel alternating mixed perfect dislocations with two different Burgers vectors lying in the basal plane at an angle of 120o relative to one another. The boundary twist was provided by having an excess of one type of dislocation. This hitherto unreported structure of a low-angle boundary is attributed to the fact that all dislocations are confined to the basal planes.
Multivalent Presentation of Antihantavirus Peptides on Nanoparticles Enhances Infection Blockade (2008)

Viral entry into susceptible host cells typically results from multivalent interactions between viral surface proteins and host entry receptors. In the case of Sin Nombre virus (SNV), a New World hantavirus that causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, infection involves the interaction between viral membrane surface glycoproteins and the human integrin alpha(v)beta(3). Currently, there are no therapeutic agents available which specifically target SNV. To address this problem, we used phage display selection of cyclic nonapeptides to identify peptides that bound SNV and specifically prevented SNV infection in vitro. We synthesized cyclic nonapeptides based on peptide sequences of phage demonstrating the strongest inhibition of infection, and in all cases, the isolated peptides were less effective at blocking infection (9.0% to 27.6% inhibition) than were the same peptides presented by phage (74.0% to 82.6% inhibition). Since peptides presented by the phage were pentavalent, we determined whether the identified peptides would show greater inhibition if presented in a multivalent format. We used carboxyl linkages to conjugate selected cyclic peptides to multivalent nanoparticles and tested infection inhibition. Two of the peptides, CLVRNLAWC and CQATTARNC, showed inhibition that was improved over that of the free format when presented on nanoparticles at a 4:1 nanoparticle-to-virus ratio (9.0% to 32.5% and 27.6% to 37.6%, respectively), with CQATTARNC inhibition surpassing 50% when nanoparticles were used at a 20:1 ratio versus virus. These data illustrate that multivalent inhibitors may disrupt polyvalent protein-protein interactions, such as those utilized for viral infection of host cells, and may represent a useful therapeutic approach.
Traffic dependencies in client-server systems and their effect on performance prediction (2002)

Client-server systems are becoming increasingly common in the world today as users move from centralized mainframe facilities to networks of distributed workstations. This form of work demands new performance models as the interactions in client-server systems are more complete than the types supported by classic queueing network solvers such as Mean Value Analysis. However, certain interaction patterns can arise in multi-level client-server systems that require special treatment. The paper describes these interactions (referred to as interlocking here) and how they affect the performance estimates of solution methods using surrogate delays to solve multi-level client-server models. It then describes a method to take interlocking into account when solving the performance models. These corrections often reduce the solution error to close to zero when compared to exact solutions for situations where interlocking is significant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ionothermal Synthesis of Zeolites, Metal–Organic Frameworks, and Inorganic–Organic Hybrids (2007)

Ionothermal synthesis, the use of ionic liquids as both solvent and template (structure-directing agent), has been used to prepare zeolites and inorganic-organic hybrids such as metal-organic frameworks. The underlying properties of the ionothermal method are discussed, and it is compared with traditional hydrothermal preparative methods. The materials resulting from ionothermal synthesis are described, and any structural features that can be related to the ionic liquid used as the solvent are discussed. Future areas of potential interest are also considered.
An Efficient Method for Removal of Chiral Auxiliaries, Camphorsultam and 4-Isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone (1994)

An aluminum thiobenzyloxy "ate" complex is shown to be an efficient reagent for removal of chiral auxiliaries such as camphorsultam and 4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone.
Calcium oxalate kidney stones: another reason to encourage moderate calcium intakes and other dietary changes. (2003)

Conventional medical thought several decades ago was to restrict the amount of calcium intake in individuals with a history of calcium oxalate stones. In the past decade, several studies have suggested that increasing the intake of calcium may actually reduce the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation. The largest randomized trial of diet and stone recurrence was recently completed. Interestingly, individuals that had normal calcium intakes and lower intakes of protein and salt had a significantly reduced rate of calcium oxalate stone recurrence. This recent trial along with several past epidemiologic studies should be discussed with patients at high risk of stone recurrence. Currently, health professionals have a wealth of information that can be distributed to individuals at high risk of nephrolithiasis, and simple dietary recommendations may be one of the best ways to reduce the risk of calcium oxalate stones.
Effect of Nanocatalysis in Colloidal Solution on the Tetrahedral and Cubic Nanoparticle SHAPE:  Electron-Transfer Reaction Catalyzed by Platinum Nanoparticles (2004)

The stability of tetrahedral and cubic platinum nanoparticles during the catalysis of the electron-transfer reaction between hexacyanoferrate (III) and thiosulfate ions in colloidal solution at room temperature was studied by using TEM and HRTEM. Before the reaction, the dominantly tetrahedral nanoparticles have a shape distribution of 55 ± 4% regular tetrahedral, 22 ± 2% distorted tetrahedral, and 23 ± 2% spherical nanoparticles, and the dominantly cubic nanoparticles have an initial shape distribution of 56 ± 4% regular cubes, 13 ± 1% distorted cubes, and 31 ± 3% truncated octahedral nanoparticles. The amount of tetrahedral nanoparticles decreases by 60 ± 5% after the first cycle and by 62 ± 4% after the second cycle of the reaction. In the case of cubic nanoparticles, the amount of cubic nanoparticles decreases by 39 ± 5% after the first cycle and by 66 ± 5% after the second cycle compared to before the reaction. After the first and second cycles of the reaction, there are a greater percentage of distorted tetrahedral and distorted cubic nanoparticles present. The rate of the dissolution of the surface Pt atoms is faster for the tetrahedral nanoparticles than for the cubic nanoparticles. This suggests that tetrahedral nanoparticles, with their sharp corners and edges, are more sensitive and more liable to shape changes during nanocatalysis. The presence of just hexacyanoferrate ions in the solution with the nanoparticles is found to increase the amount of distorted tetrahedral and distorted cubes present much more than during the reaction. The presence of only the thiosulfate ions does not seem to affect the size or shape distribution which might result from the capping ability of this anion and thus protects the nanoparticles.
Efficacies of Albendazole Sulfoxide and Albendazole Sulfone against In Vitro-Cultivated <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> Metacestodes (1999)

The metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a parasitic disease affecting the liver, with occasional metastasis into other organs. Benzimidazole carbamate derivatives such as mebendazole and albendazole are currently used for chemotherapeutic treatment of AE. Albendazole is poorly resorbed and is metabolically converted to its main metabolite albendazole sulfoxide, which is believed to be the active component, and further to albendazole sulfone. Chemotherapy with albendazole has been shown to have a parasitostatic rather than a parasitocidal effect; it is not effective in all cases, and the recurrence rate is rather high once chemotherapy is stopped. Thus, development of new means of chemotherapy of AE is needed. This could include modifications of benzimidazoles and elucidiation of the respective biological pathways. In this study we performed in vitro drug treatment of E. multilocularis metacestodes with albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of vesicle fluids showed that the drugs were taken up rapidly by the parasite. Transmission electron microscopic investigation of parasite tissues and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of vesicle fluids demonstrated that albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone had similar effects with respect to parasite ultrastructure and changes in metabolites in vesicle fluids. This study shows that the in vitro cultivation model presented here provides an ideal first-round test system for screening of antiparasite drugs.
Swiss rectifier &#x2014; A novel three-phase buck-type PFC topology for Electric Vehicle battery charging (2012)

This paper introduces a novel three-phase buck-type unity power factor rectifier appropriate for high power Electric Vehicle battery charging mains interfaces. The characteristics of the converter, named the Swiss Rectifier, including the principle of operation, modulation strategy, suitable control structure, and dimensioning equations are described in detail. Additionally, the proposed rectifier is compared to a conventional 6-switch buck-type ac-dc power conversion. According to the results, the Swiss Rectifier is the topology of choice for a buck-type PFC. Finally, the feasibility of the Swiss Rectifier concept for buck-type rectifier applications is demonstrated by means of a hardware prototype.
Utilization of Polyphenyl and Polyphenyl-related Compounds by Microorganisms. Part I (1973)

Two hundreds and fifty eight strains of microorganisms have been isolated from 526 samples (soil, leaf and river water gathered from 17 prefectures) by repeating liquid enrichment culture techniques in the medium containing biphenyl, diphenylmethane, diphenylethane or terphenyl, as the sole source of carbon. In the course of investigation, several strains were found to produce a large amount of γ-benzoylbutyric acid from biphenyl. Furthermore these strains utilized p-Cl-biphenyl and produced p-Cl-benzoic acid in good yield. Microorganisms obtained were almost short rod, motile bacteria, and fungi were also found from the screening medium of diphenylethane.
Isomorphism testing for embeddable graphs through definability (2000)

Article Isomorphism testing for embeddable graphs through definability Share on Author: Martin Grohe Institut für Mathematische Logik, Eckerstr. 1,79104 Freiburg, Germany Institut für Mathematische Logik, Eckerstr. 1,79104 Freiburg, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '00: Proceedings of the thirty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computingMay 2000 Pages 63–72https://doi.org/10.1145/335305.335313Published:01 May 2000 39citation527DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations39Total Downloads527Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Electrothermal modeling of ESD diodes in bulk-Si and SOI technologies (2002)

An electrothermal diode model intended for implementation in a SPICE-like simulator is presented. The model is valid in the high current, forward-bias and reverse-breakdown regimes where diodes operate during ESD events. We also present a procedure for extracting the temperature of an SOI diode from an I-V measurement.
Validation of Numerical Approach for Assessing The Performance of a Microphone Mounting in Flow Condition (2020)

International audience
Tilted subwavelength gratings: controlling anisotropy in metamaterial nanophotonic waveguides (2018)

Subwavelength grating (SWG) structures are an essential tool in silicon photonics, enabling the synthesis of metamaterials with a controllable refractive index. Here we propose, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, tilting the grating elements to gain control over the anisotropy of the metamaterial. Rigorous finite difference time domain simulations demonstrate that a 45° tilt results in an effective index variation on the fundamental TE mode of 0.23 refractive index units, whereas the change in the TM mode is 20 times smaller. Our simulation predictions are corroborated by experimental results. We furthermore propose an accurate theoretical model for designing tilted SWG structures based on rotated uniaxial crystals that is functional over a wide wavelength range and for both the fundamental and higher order modes. The proposed control over anisotropy opens promising venues in polarization management devices and transformation optics in silicon photonics.
<title>Optimization of a lens design using a neural network</title> (1993)

The graded-response Hopfield neural network model has been used to solve the traveling salesman optimization problem. However, the mapping of an optical design optimization problem onto a neural net is more difficult. This paper describes how it can be done for the case of minimizing the chromatic aberration in a complicated twenty-element zoom-lens system by the selection of glass types. The problem is combinatorial in nature. It is suited to neural networks, and its solution is non-trivial by other means. Thus the use of neural networks to solve optical optimization problems is demonstrated.
Radical Nanomedicine (2006)

Nanotechnology has made significant advances in the reduction of free radical damage in the field of materials science. Cross-disciplinary interactions and the application of this technology to biological systems has led to the elucidation of novel nanoparticle antioxidants, which are the subject of this review. Recent reports suggest that cerium oxide and other nanoparticles are potent, and probably regenerative, free radical scavengers in vitro and in vivo. The neuroprotective, longevity-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties of nanoparticles are summarized and hypotheses regarding their unique mechanism of action are presented. The chemical and physical properties of antioxidant nanoparticles are discussed in an interdisciplinary manner, with emphasis on biological properties and biomedical applications. Additionally, the need for alterations in traditional pharmacological parameters of dose and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are discussed and future directions necessary for bringing nanoparticle antioxidants into the realm of clinical reality are presented.
Cost-Effective Planning and Control (1991)

Situations have frequently been encountered where It Is necessary to reestablish control of a shipbuilding contract when it has been lost. This has to be done quickly, and requires a combination of an effective planning and control system with a computer for data processing. Expediency dictates the use of readily available PCs and proprietary software. The approach adopted was found to be robust and effective, and has been used as a basis for development of more formal planning and control systems. These are now in use as the means of planning and implementing ship production.
Evaluation of the long pulsed high fluence alexandrite laser therapy of leg telangiectasia (2002)

The long pulsed high fluence alexandrite laser is effective and safe in the treatment of leg veins 0.3-1.3 mm in diameter.
Abciximab: A New Antiaggregant Used in Angioplasty (1996)

Abciximab is effective in preventing platelet aggregation and has been proven to be of clinical benefit in selected high-risk patients receiving PTCA.
Translating names and technical terms in Arabic text (1998)

It is challenging to translate names and technical terms from English into Arabic. Translation is usually done phonetically: different alphabets and sound inventories force various compromises. For example, Peter Streams may come out as hr..~ ~ bytr szrymz. This process is called transliteration. We address here the reverse problem: given a foreign name or loanword in Arabic text, we want to recover the original in Roman script. For example, an input like .~..A~ bytr strymz should yield an output like Peter Streams. Arabic presents special challenges due to unwritten vowels and phonetic-context effects. We present results and examples of use in an Arabic-to-English machine translator.