gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevated relative fluorescence intensity of CD38 antigen expression on CD8 T cells is a marker of poor prognosis in HIV infection: Results of 6 years of follow‐up (1996)

Relative fluorescence intensity measurements from a flow cytometer were used to evaluate expression of CD38 and HLA-DR antigens. These molecules are associated with cellular activation and are present at increased levels on the CD8+ lymphocytes of HIV-infected subjects. In the current study, the prognostic value of mean fluorescence intensity measurements of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ cells was compared to results from our previous study in which we reported prognostic value for an elevated percentage of CD8+ cells that were positive for expression of the CD38 antigen (Giorgi et al.: JAIDS 6:904–912, 1993). Using the proportional hazards model, elevated mean fluorescence intensity of CD38 expression on CD8+ cells had prognostic value for development of AIDS that was almost identical to the prognostic value of the percentage of CD8+ cells that were positive for expression of CD38. This prognostic value was in addition to that provided by the patient's CD4+ cell measurement. To our knowledge, this is the first report that a measurement of fluorescence intensity can be used as a prognostic marker in an immunodeficiency disease. Efforts are needed to establish methods that will allow widespread application of this observation in the clinical management of HIV-infected subjects. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mapping of trypsin cleavage and antibody-binding sites and delineation of a dispensable domain in the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. (1991)

We have mapped principal sites in the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase molecule that are exposed to attack by trypsin under limited proteolysis conditions. The 1342-amino acid-long beta subunit is alternatively cleaved at Arg903 or Lys909. The cleavage occurs adjacent to a dispensable domain (residues 940-1040) that is absent in the homologous RNA polymerase subunits from chloroplasts, eukaryotes, and archaebacteria. In E. coli, this region can be disrupted with genetic deletions and insertions without the loss of RNA polymerase function. Insertion of 127 amino acids into this region introduces a new highly labile site for trypsin proteolysis. The dispensable domain carries the epitope for monoclonal antibody PYN-6 (near residue 1000), which can be used for anchoring the catalytically active enzyme on a solid support. We also report the identification of a secondary trypsin cleavage at Arg81 of the beta' subunit within a putative zinc-binding domain that is conserved in prokaryotes and chloroplasts.
A class-E tuned power oscillator for inductive transmission of digital data and power (2002)

An innovative method for the transcutaneous transmission of RF power and signal via an inductive link is presented. The system is based on the single-ended class-E power amplification scheme. A self oscillating class-E tuned power amplifier involving an inductive link permits high-efficiency coupling-insensitive power transmission. The oscillation frequency is not fixed, but influenced by the coupling of the coils. The oscillator shows excellent switching behavior. Transmitting digital data is performed simply by switching the oscillator on and off (amplitude shift keying, ASK). The realization of the system requires a small number of circuit components. It is employed for transcutaneous transmission of digital data and power in a cochlear prosthesis system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temporal analysis of the antibody response to HIV envelope protein in HIV-infected laboratory workers. (1994)

Three laboratory workers have been infected with the IIIB strain of HIV; their antibody response to HIV has been studied in serial serum specimens. Because the infecting virus is known, the fine specificity of the antibody response was studied on the homologous strain of HIV. Anti-p17, anti-p24, anti-gp160, CD4/gp120 blocking and neutralizing antibodies developed in parallel. Epitope mapping of the anti-gp160 response indicated several regions that consistently induced an antibody response. Serum contained antibody which reacted with V3-specific peptides corresponding to the very tip of the loop and crossreactivity was seen with V3 loop peptides from other sequence divergent strains of HIV. Antibody to the V1 loop was produced at levels comparable with that seen for the V3-loop. Anti-V1 neutralized HIV with a titration curve equivalent to an anti-V3 monoclonal antibody. Because the infecting virus is known and serial reisolates have been obtained, we explored the relationship between production of antibody to a given epitope and mutation in the virus. The data suggest that an association exists, but do not clearly indicate that antibody drives the selection for mutant viruses. The findings presented here provide a fine specificity analysis of the evolution of the antibody response to HIV in greater detail than has previously been performed.
A Mutant Impaired in the Production of Plastome-Encoded Proteins Uncovers a Mechanism for the Homeostasis of Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Enzymes in<i>Arabidopsis</i>Plastids (2008)

The plastid-localized methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway synthesizes the isoprenoid precursors for the production of essential photosynthesis-related compounds and hormones. We have identified an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, rif1, in which posttranscriptional upregulation of MEP pathway enzyme levels is caused by the loss of function of At3g47450, a gene originally reported to encode a mitochondrial protein related to nitric oxide synthesis. However, we show that nitric oxide is not involved in the regulation of the MEP pathway and that the encoded protein is a plastid-targeted homolog of the Bacillus subtilis YqeH protein, a GTPase required for proper ribosome assembly. Consistently, in rif1 seedlings, decreased levels of plastome-encoded proteins were observed, with the exception of ClpP1, a catalytic subunit of the plastidial Clp protease complex. The unexpected accumulation of ClpP1 in plastids with reduced protein synthesis suggested a compensatory mechanism in response to decreased Clp activity levels. In agreement, a negative correlation was found between Clp protease activity and MEP pathway enzyme levels in different experiments, suggesting that Clp-mediated degradation of MEP pathway enzymes might be a mechanism used by individual plastids to finely adjust plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis to their functional and physiological states.
Sinus Microbiome Diversity Depletion and <i>Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum</i> Enrichment Mediates Rhinosinusitis (2012)

Persistent mucosal inflammation and microbial infection are characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Mucosal microbiota dysbiosis is found in other chronic inflammatory diseases; however, the relationship between sinus microbiota composition and CRS is unknown. Using comparative microbiome profiling of a cohort of CRS patients and healthy subjects, we demonstrate that the sinus microbiota of CRS patients exhibits significantly reduced bacterial diversity compared with that of healthy controls. In our cohort of CRS patients, multiple, phylogenetically distinct lactic acid bacteria were depleted concomitant with an increase in the relative abundance of a single species, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum. We recapitulated the conditions observed in our human cohort in a murine model and confirmed the pathogenic potential of C. tuberculostearicum and the critical necessity for a replete mucosal microbiota to protect against this species. Moreover, Lactobacillus sakei, which was identified from our comparative microbiome analyses as a potentially protective species, defended against C. tuberculostearicum sinus infection, even in the context of a depleted sinus bacterial community. These studies demonstrate that sinus mucosal health is highly dependent on the composition of the resident microbiota as well as identify both a new sino-pathogen and a strong bacterial candidate for therapeutic intervention.
Ion mobility mass spectrometry analysis of isomeric disaccharide precursor, product and cluster ions (2013)

It is demonstrated that ion mobility mass spectrometry is an advantageous method to assess the isomeric heterogeneity of carbohydrate compounds. It is capable of differentiating different types of carbohydrate ions having identical m/z values as well as multiple structural configurations of single compounds.
OBSEQUIO DE UNA COMPUTADORA LITTOM 1601 (1979)

LA EMPRESA SWEDA OBSEQUIO AL COLEGIO DE CIENCIAS Y HUMANIDADES AZCAPOTZALCO UN EQUIPO DE COMPUTACION LITTOM 1601, QUE DE ACUERDO CON LAS PALABRAS DEL INGENIERO IGNACIO RODRIGUEZ, DIRECTOR DEL PLANTEL, SE UTILIZARA PARA LA ENSENANZA DE LAS ASIGNATURAS DE PROGRAMACION, TALLER DE CIBERNETICA Y PROGRAMAS DE APLICACION ADMINISTRATIVA.
Effects of creatine treatment on survival and differentiation of GABA‐ergic neurons in cultured striatal tissue (2005)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a prominent loss of GABA-ergic medium-sized spiny neurons in the caudate putamen. There is evidence that impaired energy metabolism contributes to neuronal death in HD. Creatine is an endogenous substrate for creatine kinases and thereby supports cellular ATP levels. This study investigated the effects of creatine supplementation (5 mm) on cell survival and neuronal differentiation in striatal cultures. Chronic creatine treatment resulted in significant increased densities of GABA-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons, although total neuronal cell number and general viability were not affected. Similar effects were seen after short-term treatment, suggesting that creatine acted as a differentiation factor. Inhibitors of transcription or translation did not abolish the creatine-mediated effects, nor did omission of extracellular calcium, whereas inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase significantly attenuated the creatine induced increase in GABA-ir cell densities. Creatine exhibited significant neuroprotection against toxicity instigated either by glucose- and serum deprivation or addition of 3-nitropropionic acid. In sum, the neuroprotective properties in combination with promotion of neuronal differentiation suggest that creatine has potential as a therapeutic drug in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, like HD.
Bandwidth Compression of Voice and Modem Signals using Variable-Rate ATC Encoding (1986)

We present a strategy based on local SNR for variable-rate encoding of a variety of telephony signals using Adaptive Transform Coding. We first describe simple modifications of the speech version of ATC, involving chiefly the side information quantization and the bit allocation procedures, which substantially improve fixed-rate encoding performance on modem signals. Then, using simple statistical models of bit-rate demand, we predict the compression performance of the variable-rate encoder in a typical telephony network. We compare the performance of variable-rate and fixed-rate encoding of speech and modem signals, based on extensive listening tests and simulations, respectively. We also report on the progress of an experimental implementation of the algorithm in 32-bit floating-point hardware.
Bioluminescence Imaging: Basics and Practical Limitations (2013)

Over the last three decades, imaging has been a thriving field with continuous egression of more reliable and highly sophisticated tools and techniques allowing better understanding of biological processes in living organisms. This field continues to expand and its applications broaden to encompass limitless applications in various biomedical research areas. It is however, of utmost importance to understand the capabilities and limitations of this technique as new challenges and hurdles continue to arise. This chapter describes the general properties of bioluminescence imaging and commonly used reporters while underlining the challenges and limitations with these modalities.
Increased Neuronal Production, Enlarged Forebrains and Cytoarchitectural Distortions in beta-Catenin Overexpressing Transgenic Mice (2003)

beta-Catenin can function in the decision of neural precursors to proliferate or differentiate during mammalian neuronal development and may regulate cerebral cortical size by controlling the generation of neural precursor cells. Mice expressing high levels of a stabilized beta-catenin transgene in neural precursors develop enlarged brains with expanded precursor populations, increased cerebral cortical surface area, and folds resembling sulci and gyri of higher mammals present at birth. Here we report the effects in adult mice expressing lower levels of the same stabilized beta-catenin transgene in neural precursors. Adult transgenic animals develop enlarged forebrains with thin cerebral cortices with increased surface area, expanded subventricular zones with subcortical aggregations of neurons and enlarged, distorted hippocampi. The brains from transgenic mice also show apparent arrest of neuronal migration and dramatic disorganization of the layering of the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest that beta-catenin can cause expansion of the precursor pool resulting in increased neuronal production and greater brain size and suggest a crucial role for beta-catenin in neuronal migration and cortical lamination.
The layout synthesizer: an automatic Netlist-to-Layout system (1989)

A system generating compacted physical layouts from MOS transistor netlists has been developed. It uses a novel graph-theoretical placement algorithm to simultaneously maximize diffusion sharing and minimize the wiring area. The algorithm is not limited to circuits that have equal numbers of NMOS and PMOS transistors. A special-purpose router using either one-layer or two-layer metal is described. Experimental results for area efficiency and run-time performance are very promising.
6-Farnesyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalide oxidation mechanism in mycophenolic acid biosynthesis (1982)

The farnesyl-chain oxidation-mechanism in mycophenolic acid biosynthesis has been studied by incorporation experiments and isotopic-trap experiments with advanced precursors. Two different approaches were used for the synthesis of the precursors : a semisynthetic route, starting from mycophenolic acid, and a total-synthesis route. Our results show that 6-farnesyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalide (3) is converted into mycophenolic acid (1) by at least two pathways : a direct oxidation of the central double bond, and a two-stage removal of the terminal and central groups.The incorporation percentages indicate that the two pathways are equally important. As regards the oxidation mechanism, our data suggest the sequence: epoxidation of the double bond, rearrangement of the epoxide to ketone, hydroxylation to α-hydroxyketone, and finally Woodward reaction with C–C bond cleavage and formation of the acid.The last three biosynthetic steps leading to mycophenolic acid (1) in P. brevicompactum(prenylation of the aromatic nucleus, oxidation of the farnesyl chain, and O-methylation) are characterized by a very low enzyme specificity.
Patients' Plea: Tell Us about Our Sexuality (1984)

This field study consisted of interviewing 100 general hospitalized patients about their satisfaction with the sex education and counseling they received during their present illness and hospitalization. Findings revealed that only 30% had sex-related topics mentioned to them by health professionals. Less than half were satisfied with these discussions. This article describes the serendipitous findings of conversations with attending physicians which may provide clues to explain their reluctance to educate their patients. Unsolicited discussions with the patients following the interviews indicated that patients are ready to learn more about their sexuality as it relates to their illnesses.
One-pot ionic liquid pretreatment and saccharification of switchgrass (2013)

Biomass pretreatment using certain ionic liquids (ILs), such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]), can be highly effective at reducing the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to enzymatic degradation. However, current commercial enzyme cocktails, derived from filamentous fungi and developed for dilute acid pretreatment, are inhibited by the most effective ILs used for pretreatment and require excessive amounts of water to remove the ILs from biomass after pretreatment in order to be effective. The associated IL recycling and waste disposal costs of this process pose significant economic and process engineering challenges for the commercial scale-up of IL pretreatment-based technologies. For the first time, we have demonstrated a one-pot, wash-free process that combines IL pretreatment and saccharification into a single vessel. After treating the switchgrass with [C2mim][OAc] and dilution with water to a final IL concentration of 10–20%, the pretreatment slurry was directly hydrolyzed using a thermostable IL tolerant enzyme cocktail previously developed at the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI). This one-pot process liberated 81.2% glucose and 87.4% xylose (monomers and oligomers) at 72 h at 70 °C with an enzyme loading of 5.75 mg g−1 of biomass at 10% [C2mim][OAc]. Glucose and xylose were selectively separated by liquid–liquid extraction with over 90% efficiency, thus eliminating extensive water washing as a unit operation. This study opens avenues for developing more efficient and cost effective processes for product recovery and IL recycling.
Complement Therapeutics in Autoimmune Disease (2019)

Many autoimmune diseases are characterized by generation of autoantibodies that bind to host proteins or deposit within tissues as a component of immune complexes. The autoantibodies can activate the complement system, which can mediate tissue damage and trigger systemic inflammation. Complement inhibitory drugs may, therefore, be beneficial across a large number of different autoimmune diseases. Many new anti-complement drugs that target specific activation mechanisms or downstream activation fragments are in development. Based on the shared pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, some of these complement inhibitory drugs may provide benefit across multiple different diseases. In some antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, however, unique features of the autoantibodies, the target antigens, or the affected tissues may make it advantageous to block individual components or pathways of the complement system. This paper reviews the evidence that complement is involved in various autoimmune diseases, as well as the studies that have examined whether or not complement inhibitors are effective for treating these diseases.
Survival strategies and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II subjected to prolonged starvation in environmental water microcosms (2008)

Survival strategies exhibited over 4 years by Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype (ph) II biovar (bv) 2 in environmental water microcosms were examined. The bacterium is a devastating phytopathogen whose ph II bv 2 causes bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops and ornamental plants. Outbreaks of the disease may originate from dissemination of the pathogen in watercourses, where it has to cope with prolonged nutrient limitation. To ascertain the effect of long-term starvation on survival and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum in natural water microcosms, survival experiments were conducted. Microcosms were prepared from different sterile river water samples, inoculated separately with two European strains of ph II at 10(6) c.f.u. ml(-1) and maintained at 24 degrees C for 4 years. In all assayed waters, starved R. solanacearum remained in a non-growing but culturable state during the first year, maintaining approximately the initial numbers. Thereafter, part of the population of R. solanacearum progressively lost the ability to form colonies, and non-culturable but metabolically active cells appeared. During the whole period, the bacterium remained pathogenic on host plants and underwent a transition from typical bacilli to small cocci which tended to aggregate. Some starved R. solanacearum cells filamented and formed buds. Starvation response, viable but non-culturable state, morphological changes and aggregation have not previously been reported for this pathogen as survival mechanisms induced in oligotrophic conditions. The potential existence of long-starved pathogenic cells in environmental waters may raise new concerns about the epidemiology of bacterial wilt disease.
A Lean Burn Gasoline Fueled Pre-Chamber Jet Ignition Combustion System Achieving High Efficiency and Low NOx at Part Load (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Turbulent Jet Ignition is an advanced spark-initiated pre-chamber combustion system for otherwise standard spark ignition engines. Combustion in the main chamber is initiated by jets of partially combusted (reacting) pre-chamber products which provide a high energy ignition source. The resultant widely distributed ignition sites allow relatively small flame travel distances enabling short combustion durations and high burn rates. Demonstrated benefits include ultra lean operation (λ≻2) at part load and high load knock limit extension.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Previous jet ignition experimental results have highlighted high thermal efficiencies, high load capability and near-zero engine-out NOx emissions in a standard contemporary engine platform. Although previous results of this system have been very promising, the main hurdle has been the need for a dual fuel system, with liquid gasoline used in the main combustion chamber and small fractions of gaseous propane in the pre-chamber. Initial attempts in replacing the pre-chamber gaseous propane with liquid gasoline were problematic, although engine operation was successful at some operating conditions. The poor mixture preparation with liquid gasoline inside the small pre-chamber cavity due to the limited production injector hardware somewhat compromised the thermal efficiency, resulting in slight elevations in NOx emissions. Since specialized pre-chamber injector hardware was not available for evaluation, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that this combustion system can operate robustly using gasoline, with vaporized gasoline found to be a successful pre-chamber fuel substitute. With this concept at part load, the test engine recorded a 41.4% peak thermal efficiency, ultra lean operation past lambda 2.1, single-digit engine-out NOx emissions and a 20% peak fuel economy improvement over the baseline spark ignition system.</div></div>
Anesthetic Potency and Influence of Morphine and Sevoflurane on Respiration in μ-Opioid Receptor Knockout Mice (2001)

The data indicate the importance of the endogenous opioid system in the physiology of the control of breathing with only a minor role for the muOR. The muOR gene is the molecular site of action of the respiratory effects of morphine. Anesthetic potency is modulated by the endogenous mu-opioid system but not by the kappa- and delta-opioid systems.
Using machine learning to synthesize search programs (2002)

This paper describes how machine learning techniques are used in the MULTI-TAC system to specialize generic algorithm schemas for particular problem classes. MULTI-TAC is a program synthesis system that generates Lisp code to solve combinatorial integer constraint satisfaction problems. The use of algorithm schemas enables machine learning techniques to be applied in a very focused manner. These learning techniques enable the system to be sensitive to the distribution of instances that the system is expected to encounter. We describe two applications of machine learning in MULTI-TAC. The system learns domain specific heuristics, and then learns the most effective combination of heuristics on the training instances. We also describe empirical results that reinforce the viability of our approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>