gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speaker Adaptive Training using Deep Neural Networks (2014)

Among many speaker adaptation embodiments, Speaker Adaptive Training (SAT) has been successfully applied to a standard Hidden-Markov-Model (HMM) speech recognizer, whose state is associated with Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). On the other hand, recent studies on Speaker-Independent (SI) recognizer development have reported that a new type of HMM speech recognizer, which replaces GMMs with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), outperforms GMM-HMM recognizers. Along these two lines, it is natural to conceive of further improvement to a preset DNN-HMM recognizer by employing SAT. In this paper, we propose a novel training scheme that applies SAT to a SI DNN-HMM recognizer. We then implement the SAT scheme by allocating a Speaker-Dependent (SD) module to one of the intermediate layers of a seven-layer DNN, and elaborate its utility over TED Talks corpus data. Experiment results show that our speaker-adapted SAT-based DNN-HMM recognizer reduces the word error rate by 8.4% more than that of a baseline SI DNN-HMM recognizer, and (regardless of the SD module allocation) outperforms the conventional speaker adaptation scheme. The results also show that the inner layers of DNN are more suitable for the SD module than the outer layers.
"Silicalock" - A Novel Sand-Control Process for Gas Wells (1983)

Summary A novel sand-consolidation technique especially suited for the prevention of sand influx in gas wells is described. This technique-"Silicalock"-has the advantage of being a single-chemical one-phase dynamic treatment that can be carried out through tubing and that leads to reduced chances of productivity impairment. The results of three successful field tests also are described. Introduction The importance of natural gas as an essential and clean source of energy has increased considerably in recent years. Much of this gas is produced from loosely consolidated sandstone reservoir that require some form of sand control. Experience in both field and laboratory has shown that the probability of sand influx increases as a reservoir is depleted and pore pressure decreases. Production facilities may be, designed to cope safely with the production of small amounts of sand. However, sand production over a long time is generally not acceptable since it often leads to serious erosion problems. Furthermore, some of the produced sand will normally remain in the wellbore, which may result in a sand fill that adversely affects the well's productivity. The standard forms of sand control, primarily developed for oil wells, also may be applied to gas wells. These include(1) beaning back production, (2) mechanical methods such as wire-wrapped screens with and without gravel packs, and (3) consolidation processes in which the sand grains are "glued" together. However, none of these methods makes allowance for the special conditions found in gas wells, and they are therefore not optimal. The Shell group of companies has been exploiting several large gas fields during the past decade, including the giant Groningen field [operated by the Nederlandse Aardolie Mij. (NAM)] where about 280 wells can produce up to 480 × 10 std m /d during peak winter production periods. A view to possible future sand problems justified the star, of development of a sand control process especially geared to the conditions prevailing in gas wells. This has resulted in the novel chemical technique "silicalock" described in this paper. The process is based on the following reaction. SiCl4 + - 2H20- silica cement +4 HCl. The water is supplied by the connate water naturally adhering to the sand grains. The process differs from previous sand consolidation processes involving silicon tetrachloride in that it operates from the gas phase. The "silicalock" technique consists in vaporizing liquid silicon tetrachloride into a stream of high-pressure nitrogen gas. The mixture is injected into the well, preferably through coiled tubing. Immobile water present in the near-wellbore region is converted into silica cement, which cements the grains together, thus preventing any (further) influx of sand into the well. JPT P. 2087^
Blind Equalization Technique base on the Initialization of Constant Modulus Algorithm (2008)

The constant modulus algorithm is a widely used blind equalization algorithm. But it has a disadvantage for its initialization. Its convergence characteristics depends on its preliminary tap gains. The paper introduced the method of optimization and the technology of small swatch repetition to overcome the initializationpsilas effect and accelerate the convergence. Computer simulation is implemented with QAM system. The algorithm achieves the goal and is proved successful.
Acid−Base Equilibria of (2,2‘-Bipyridyl-4,4‘-dicarboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) Complexes and the Effect of Protonation on Charge-Transfer Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Titania (1999)

The ruthenium complexes [Ru(dcbpyH(2))(2)(Cl)(2)] (1), [Ru(dcbpyH(2))(2)(NCS)(2)] (2), (Bu(4)N)(4)[Ru(dcbpy)(2)(NCS)(2)] (3), and (Bu(4)N)(2)[Ru(dcbpyH)(2)(NCS)(2)] (4) were synthesized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption, and emission, IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy. The absorption and emission maxima of these complexes red shifted with decreasing pH, and showed pH-dependent excited-state lifetimes. The ground-state pK(a) values were determined by spectrophotometeric methods, and the dissociation of protons was found to occur in two steps (pK(a) = 3 and 1.5). The Ru(II)/(III) couple in the complex (Bu(4)N)(4)[Ru(dcbpy)(2)(NCS)(2)] is shifted ca. 290 mV negatively with regard to that of the complex [Ru(dcbpyH(2))(2)(NCS)(2)] due to the replacement of H(+) by tetrabutylammonium cation. The negative shift for the dcbpy-based reduction potential is even larger, i.e., about 600 mV compared to that of the complex [Ru(dcbpyH(2))(2)(NCS)(2)]. The effect of deprotonation on the performance of these complexes as photosensitizers for nanocrystalline titania was investigated.
New ELISA for Detecting Primary Biliary Cirrhosis–Specific Antimitochondrial Antibodies (2009)

The diagnostic accuracy of the anti-M2-3E ELISA for detection of antibodies to 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes exceeds that of conventional ELISA and IFL; its novelty derives from the combination of the MIT3 hybrid and purified PDC.
Comparative studies of carbohydrate-binding proteins from Xenopus laevis skin and eggs. Sugar-binding specificities and affinity purification. (1990)

Salt and detergent extracts of acetone-dried powder of Xenopus laevis skin and eggs were fractionated on sugar-Sepharose columns, to which lactose, melibiose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose had been covalently linked, by successive elution with chelating reagent and specific sugars, resulting in separation of the different Ca2(+)-dependent and Ca2(+)-independent carbohydrate-binding proteins. The skin of X. laevis contains a salt-extractable Ca2(+)-dependent lactose-binding lectin of 30 kilodalton (kDa) and the eggs a similar lectin of 43 kDa, but they both lack Ca2(+)-dependent galactose-binding lectins. The 30 kDa lactose-binding lectin which agglutinates human A erythrocytes was isolated by successive affinity chromatography on two linked sugar-Sepharose columns, i.e., a galactose-Sepharose-lactose-Sepharose (GL) column system. Since the 30 kDa lectin was not recovered in the Ca2(+)-dependent lactose-binding protein fraction from the GL column system under the dithiothreitol (DDT)-free conditions, it was concluded that the lectin requires the presence of DTT and calcium for binding to the lactose-Sepharose column.
The influence of gastrointestinal transit on drug absorption in healthy volunteers. (1992)

1. The effect of variability of gastric emptying and oro-caecal transit on the absorption of a multicomponent solution of frusemide, atenolol, hydrochlorthiazide and salicylic acid has been studied in six healthy subjects. Each subject was studied on five separate occasions: three times under basal conditions, once following metoclopramide and once following codeine pretreatment in an attempt to speed and slow transit respectively. 2. Inter-subject variability of gastric emptying, oro-caecal transit and the rate and extent of drug absorption was considerable. 3. The absorption of salicylic acid appeared rate-limited by gastric emptying but the rate and extent of frusemide, atenolol and hydrochlorthiazide absorption were unrelated to measures of gastric emptying or oro-caecal transit. 4. Codeine phosphate caused a two-fold delay in oro-caecal transit but did not influence gastric emptying while metoclopramide had no significant effect on either function. 5. Metoclopramide and codeine had no significant effect on the rate or extent of absorption of any of the study drugs. 6. Within the limits of this experiment, oro-caecal transit time did not appear to be an important determinant of frusemide, atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide or salicylic acid absorption. Other factors must account for the observed variability in drug absorption.
Resultados clínicos y radiográficos de la luxación acromio-clavicular grado III de Rockwood tratados mediante cirugía mínimamente invasiva (2012)

espanolObjetivo: Presentar los resultados a corto y medio plazo de un grupo de pacientes intervenidos mediante una nueva tecnica quirurgica minimamente invasiva. Material y metodo: Estudio prospectivo recogiendo los resultados postoperatorios de 24 pacientes con luxacion aguda acromio-clavicular grado III, intervenidos entre octubre de 2009 y enero de 2012, con un seguimiento medio de 18 meses. Se evaluan parametros radiograficos y funcionales. Resultados: Encontramos resultados estadisticamente significativos con el hombro contralateral en la anchura de la articulacion acromio-clavicular y el desplazamiento vertical de la clavicula. Se obtuvo una puntuacion media «excelente» en la valoracion funcional mediante el test de Imatani. Conclusion: La cirugia minimamente invasiva como tecnica aislada en este grupo de pacientes ha arrojado unos resultados satisfactorios desde el punto de vista radiologico y funcional. EnglishObjective: To show the short and medium term results of a series of patients who underwent surgery with a new minimally invasive surgical procedure. Material and methods: A prospective study carried out with 24 patients from October 2009 to January 2012, with a mean follow-up of 18 months. Radiographic and functional parameters were assessed. Results: Statistically significant radiographic post-surgical results were obtained when compared with the contralateral shoulder for the width of the acromio-clavicular joint and the vertical displacement of the clavicle. An «excellent» mean score was obtained in the functional assessment using the Imatani test. Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery, as an isolated technique in this group of patients, has yielded satisfactory results from a radiological and functional point of view.
Understanding the Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin (2011)

In the present study, pyrolysis of corn stover lignin was investigated by using a micro-pyrolyzer coupled with a GC-MS/FID (FID=flame ionization detector). The system has pyrolysis-vapor residence times of 15-20 ms, thus providing a regime of minimal secondary reactions. The primary pyrolysis product distribution obtained from lignin is reported. Over 84 % mass balance and almost complete closure on carbon balance is achieved. In another set of experiments, the pyrolysis vapors emerging from the micro-pyrolyzer are condensed to obtain lignin-derived bio-oil. The chemical composition of the bio-oil is analyzed by using GC-MS and gel permeation chromatography techniques. The comparison between results of two sets of experiments indicates that monomeric compounds are the primary pyrolysis products of lignin, which recombine after primary pyrolysis to produce oligomeric compounds. Further, the effect of minerals (NaCl, KCl, MgCl(2), and CaCl(2)) and temperature on the primary pyrolysis product distribution is investigated. The study provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms of lignin pyrolysis and a basis for developing more descriptive models of biomass pyrolysis.
A Newly Recognized Cause of Travelers' Diarrhea: Enteroadherent Escherichia coli (1985)

Adherence to HEp-2 tissue culture cells has been proposed as a virulence characteristic of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). A preliminary study revealed that E. coli that adhered to HEp-2 cells, but did not produce conventional enterotoxins and did not belong to recognized EPEC serogroups, could be isolated from adults from the United States who acquired diarrhea in Mexico. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of these enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC) in 188 travelers with diarrhea and in 92 well travelers. EAEC were found in 14.9% of patients with diarrhea and in 7.6% of well individuals. Compared with well travelers, patients with diarrhea in whom no recognized enteropathogen could be identified had a 30.4% prevalence of EAEC (P less than .0003). These results further support our finding that EAEC are associated with diarrhea in travelers to Mexico and may help to explain the effect of antibiotics in the prevention and therapy for travelers' diarrhea in patients with no recognized bacterial enteropathogens.
Cholesterol esterification rates in very low density lipoprotein- and low density lipoprotein-depleted plasma. Relation to high density lipoprotein subspecies, sex, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease. (1991)

The fractional rate of cholesterol esterification in very low density lipoprotein- and low density lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FERHDL) was studied in normolipidemic subjects and in individuals with hyperlipidemia and proven coronary artery disease (CAD). The FERHDL was significantly higher than the FER in whole plasma and was significantly higher in normal men than in normal women. In addition, men and women with primary hyperlipidemia had significantly higher FERHDL values relative to their sex-matched controls. The most significant increases in FERHDL values, however, were observed in individuals with CAD. In all patient groups, FERHDL was positively correlated with plasma triglyceride concentration. In addition, FERHDL was negatively related to plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration in all groups except in men with CAD and in normolipidemic women. The gradient gel electrophoretic pattern of HDL from individuals with either low or high FERHDL values indicated an inverse relation between this activity and the relative amount of HDL2b particles. FERHDL likely reflects the metabolic properties of the heterogeneous population of HDL particles in the plasma and may be a function of the relative content of larger and smaller HDL particles. It appears to be a sensitive and reliable functional measure of the particle size distribution in the HDL pool and one of potential clinical value in the assessment of risk for CAD.
Robert Hamilton Bishop By James H. Rodabaugh. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1935. 216 pages. (1936)

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Perspectives of principal mode transmission in a multi-mode fiber (2010)

The concept of mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) using principal modes as carriers is investigated. MDM transmission is studied for an exemplary MMF with three modes. A transmission rate of 3×40Gbit/s appears feasible using a 50km MMF with a bandwidth-length-product of 3 GHz·km.
Transactions in Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Middleware (2007)

Content-based publish/subscribe provides a flexible communication model for component interoperation in large-scale environments. In process support systems and other applications that follow an event-based architectural style, the definition of dependencies between interacting components and the notion of all-or-nothing semantics are often needed to ensure reliable inter-component task execution. In this paper we introduce publish/subscribe (P/S) transactions as an abstraction to support these needs in content-based publish/subscribe middleware. A P/S transaction demarcates within an atomic unit-of-work, the production, delivery, and processing of a number of related asynchronous event notifications. A transaction service, provided by the middleware, realises P/S transactions to support the transactional execution of processes on behalf of applications.
Effect of mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials on accumulation of hexakis (2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) technetium(I) in cultured mouse fibroblasts. (1990)

Hexakis(2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) technetium(I) (Tc-MIBI) is representative of a class of 99mTc-based lipophilic cationic myocardial perfusion imaging agents. To test the hypothesis that the mechanism of cellular uptake may involve distribution across biologic membranes in response to membrane potential, Tc-MIBI net uptake and retention were determined in cultured mouse BALB/c 3T3, NIH 3T3, and v-src transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts as well as in cultured chick embryo heart cells. Isovolumic depolarization of plasma membrane potentials with 130 mM K 20 mM Cl buffer decreased Tc-MIBI net cell uptake in all preparations. In BALB/c 3T3 cells, depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential with valinomycin in high K buffer or with the protonophore CCCP inhibited net uptake and retention of Tc-MIBI while hyperpolarizing mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials with the K+/H+ exchanger nigericin increased Tc-MIBI net uptake. These results indicated that net cellular uptake and retention of Tc-MIBI in fibroblasts were determined by both mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials; the gamma-emitting properties of Tc-MIBI may therefore raise the possibility of monitoring membrane potential in vivo.
Blastocystosis: A New Disease in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome? (1990)

The protozoon Blastocystis hominis may cause episodes of diarrhoea with abdominal pain, tenesmus, fever and eosinophilia. We have observed 5 cases of blastocystosis in male subjects with symptomatic HIV infection. All patients had a complete response to metronidazole. This report confirms that Blastocystis hominis may be responsible for HIV-related diarrhoea.
Exact Feature Extraction Using Finite Rate of Innovation Principles With an Application to Image Super-Resolution (2009)

The accurate registration of multiview images is of central importance in many advanced image processing applications. Image super-resolution, for example, is a typical application where the quality of the super-resolved image is degrading as registration errors increase. Popular registration methods are often based on features extracted from the acquired images. The accuracy of the registration is in this case directly related to the number of extracted features and to the precision at which the features are located: images are best registered when many features are found with a good precision. However, in low-resolution images, only a few features can be extracted and often with a poor precision. By taking a sampling perspective, we propose in this paper new methods for extracting features in low-resolution images in order to develop efficient registration techniques. We consider, in particular, the sampling theory of signals with finite rate of innovation and show that some features of interest for registration can be retrieved perfectly in this framework, thus allowing an exact registration. We also demonstrate through simulations that the sampling model which enables the use of finite rate of innovation principles is well suited for modeling the acquisition of images by a camera. Simulations of image registration and image super-resolution of artificially sampled images are first presented, analyzed and compared to traditional techniques. We finally present favorable experimental results of super-resolution of real images acquired by a digital camera available on the market.
Capacities of repeater-assisted quantum communications (2016)

We consider quantum and private communications assisted by repeaters, from the basic scenario of a single repeater chain to the general case of an arbitrarily-complex quantum network, where systems may be routed through single or multiple paths. In this context, we investigate the ultimate rates at which two end-parties may transmit quantum information, distribute entanglement, or generate secret keys. These end-to-end capacities are defined by optimizing over the most general adaptive protocols that are allowed by quantum mechanics. Combining techniques from quantum information and classical network theory, we derive single-letter upper bounds for the end-to-end capacities in repeater chains and quantum networks connected by arbitrary quantum channels, establishing exact formulas under basic decoherence models, including bosonic lossy channels, quantum-limited amplifiers, dephasing and erasure channels. For the converse part, we adopt a teleportation-inspired simulation of a quantum network which leads to upper bounds in terms of the relative entropy of entanglement. For the lower bounds we combine point-to-point quantum protocols with classical network algorithms. Depending on the type of routing (single or multiple), optimal strategies corresponds to finding the widest path or the maximum flow in the quantum network. Our theory can also be extended to simultaneous quantum communication between multiple senders and receivers.
Skin melanocytes: biology and development (2013)

In the human skin, melanocytes are present in the epidermis and hair follicles. The basic features of these cells are the ability to melanin production and the origin from neural crest cells. This last element is important because there are other cells able to produce melanin but of different embryonic origin (pigmented epithelium of retina, some neurons, adipocytes). The life cycle of melanocyte consists of several steps including differentiation of melanocyte lineage/s from neural crest, migration and proliferation of melanoblasts, differentiation of melanoblasts into melanocytes, proliferation and maturation of melanocytes at the target places (activity of melanogenic enzymes, melanosome formation and transport to keratinocytes) and eventual cell death (hair melanocytes). Melanocytes of the epidermis and hair are cells sharing some common features but in general they form biologically different populations living in unique niches of the skin.
Minimally Invasive Migration to Software Product Lines (2007)

Danfoss drives - one of the largest producers of frequency converters in the world - is in a situation like many others: it has to produce a number of product series with an increasing number of variants, while at the same time decreasing time-to-market and keeping development costs low. As part of the strategy to master this challenge, Danfoss Drives decided to reduce software development efforts by migrating to a product line approach. This paper describes the approach Danfoss Drives took to successfully introduce software product line principles into its organization.
Design of Subsonic Airfoils for High Lift (1978)

Nomenclature c = airfoil chord CL = lift coefficient = L/!/2pV00c CLu = upper-surface lift coefficient Cp = pressure coefficient = (p -p^)/ Ap Vx 2 Mx = freestream Mach number p = static pressure Re^ = freestream Reynolds number based on airfoil chord = V^clv sp = location of leading-edge stagnation point V^ — freestream velocity v local velocity on airfoil surface x = distance along chord line F = circulation about the airfoil 7 = ratio of specific heats v = kinematic viscosity p = density () oo = freestream conditions () t e = conditions at the airfoil trailing edge
Imaging Pelvic Floor Disorders: Trend Toward Comprehensive MRI (2010)

Disorders of the pelvic floor are a heterogeneous and complex group of problems. Imaging can help elucidate the presence and extent of pelvic floor abnormalities. MRI is particularly well suited for global pelvic floor assessment including pelvic organ prolapse, defecatory function, and pelvic floor support structure integrity.