gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homoharringtonine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and MDS evolving to acute myeloid leukemia. (1996)

Current anti-leukemic chemotherapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and MDS evolving to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with low response rates and high treatment-related toxicity. Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a novel cephalotaxime alkaloid with reported efficacy in relapsed and de novo AML and more recently, chronic myeloid leukemia. Although its mechanism(s) of action is not completely understood, in vitro studies have demonstrated both cytotoxic and differentiating activity in leukemic cells, as well as intra-cellular changes suggestive of apoptotic cell death. In a phase II trial, HHT was administered at a dose od 5 mg/m2 by 24-h continuous infusion daily for 9 days to patients with MDS and MDS evolving to AML (MDS/AML). Twenty-eight patients (MDS 16, MDS/AML 12) with a median age of 67 years (range 23-83) were entered. A complete remission was achieved in seven patients, a partial remission was achieved in one patient for an overall response rate of 28% (8/28). There were four of 13 responders in MDS/AML patients and four of 15 in patients with MDS. The median duration of complete response was 7 months (range 2-10). Significant myelosuppression was universal and resulted in a high incidence of induction deaths (13/28) due to neutropenic-related infections. Extramedullary toxicity was mild and consisted of hypo-tension, fluid retention, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. HHT given in this dose and schedule demonstrated limited activity in MDS and MDS/AML and was associated with prolonged pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia in many patients. Administration of HHT at a lower dose or in combination with hematopoietic growth factors may lead to better results, but treatment with HHT as single agent at this dose and schedule is not currently recommended for these patients.
Antigen binding characteristics of thyroid microsomal autoantibodies studied with ELISA methods. (1986)

A competitive fluorometric ELISA was developed which enabled pair-wise comparisons of the antigen-binding characteristics of thyroid microsomal autoantibodies (TMaab) and their antigen-binding fragments from different individuals. Antibodies rendered undetectable to the protein-A-enzyme conjugate by removal of their Fc-regions (F(ab')2's) were tested for their ability to inhibit the antigen-binding of intact thyroid microsomal autoantibodies (TMaab). Only F(ab')2's derived from TMaab-containing sera were capable of displacing TMaab, some being capable of complete displacement of allogeneic TMaab. The antigen-binding of Tgaab was unaffected, except by F(ab')2's derived from Tgaab-containing sera. The high degree of overlap observed in the specificity of TMaab suggests that different sera recognize the same epitopes. In this respect the autoimmune response to the microsomal antigen was shown to resemble that to thyroglobulin, which involves few epitopes. Cross-tolerance is postulated to be the mechanism underlying the tissue-specificity and epitope-restriction of thyroid autoantibodies.
A Neuromorphic VLSI Model of Bat Interaural Level Difference Processing for Azimuthal Echolocation (2007)

Bats use the unusual sensory modality of echolocation to fly in complete darkness with speed and agility through complex three-dimensional environments. Their small head size and the use of high-frequency sound make interaural level differences (ILDs) their primary cue for azimuthal echolocation. In this paper, we present a neuromorphic VLSI-based system that emulates the ILD processing in the bat brainstem and midbrain. By selecting simple neural units, we propose a circuit model that is mathematically tractable and captures the essential elements of bat ILD computation. The chip includes a three-layer network of spiking neurons with 32 neurons on each layer, and the address-event representation for external interface. Emphasizing the neural spike timing and population behavior, we hope this study will contribute to the bat research community in particular as well as neuroscience in general by providing a real-time, fine-grained, neuromorphic bat echolocation simulator that will be used to address system-level performance of low-level neural algorithms. By developing functional models of the bat echolocation system, we hope to emulate the efficient implementation demonstrated by nature
Study on the absorption of ketoprofen topically administered in man: comparison between tissue and plasma levels. (1986)

In this study the transcutaneous passage of ketoprofen (gel) topically administered and its distribution in the inner part of the knee-joint were evaluated in six patients. The ketoprofen concentrations detected were: 4.70 mcg/g +/- 3.87 in the intra-articular adipose tissue; 2.35 mcg/g +/- 2.41 in the capsular sample and 1.31 mcg/g +/- 0.89 in the synovial fluid. Plasma concentrations of the drug were also examined. In the samples studied, the ketoprofen levels amounted to about one hundred times higher than the plasma concentrations.
The Impact of Behavioral Complexity on Exploitative and Explorative Behavior among Owner-Managers of Smes in Malaysia (2018)

In this research we explore the effects of behavioral complexity on the development of exploitative and explorative behaviors. Structured questionnaires were collected among 183 owner-managers of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. The analysis of data carried out using SmartPLS 3.2.3. The analysis reveals that collaborate and control behavioral role positively predicts exploitative behavior while collaborate, control and create behavioral role positively predicts explorative behaviors. This study contributes by providing a better understanding of how exploitative and explorative behaviors are influenced and developed on the individual level. The research postulates that support of such behaviors would ultimately promote ambidextrous behaviors resulting in long term survival for SMEs in Malaysia.
The Role of the Carnitine System in Human Metabolism (2004)

Metabolism cycles daily between the fed and fasted states. The pathways of energy production are reversible and distinct. In the anabolic (fed) state, the liver stores glucose as glycogen, and fatty acid/triglyceride synthesis is active. In the catabolic (fasted) state, the liver becomes a glucose producer, lipogenesis is slowed, and fatty acid oxidation/ketogenesis is activated. The rate-limiting step for the latter is vested in the carnitine/carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) system, and the off/on regulator of this is malonyl CoA. The AMP-induced protein kinase primarily determines the concentration of malonyl CoA. Four other systems have significant influence: two on fatty acid oxidation and two on lipogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 alpha, a master regulator of metabolism, induces hepatic gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the catabolic phase. Deficiency of stearoyl CoA desaturase, although having no role in gluconeogenesis, powerfully induces fatty acid oxidation and weight loss despite increased food intake in rodents. Major stimulators of lipogenesis are carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein and the Insig system. The malonyl CoA-regulated CPT system has been firmly established in humans. The other systems have not yet been confirmed in humans, but likely are active there as well. Activation of fatty acid oxidation has considerable clinical promise for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, steatohepatitis, and lipotoxic damage to the heart.
BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HAIR GROWTH FROM THE ASPECTS OF AGING AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES (1983)

ABSTRACT The dorsal resting hair of C3H mice was shaved, activating the hair into the anagen stage. Hair regrowth in mice of different ages (10–20 mice in each group), whose hair cycles were in the telogen stage, were compared after shaving. In both groups of mice, new hair growth was not uniform, but irregular on the shaved areas. Delay in hair regrowth increased as the mice became older (20 < 66 < 188 < 312 day old mice). Furthermore, eighteen 59 day‐old mice were used for biochemical analysis. Nine days after shaving, 30–50% of the shaved skin area was covered with new hair. After sacrifice, the dorsal skins were separated into hair re‐growing, non‐growing, and non‐shaved control areas. Several enzyme activities in the extracts from the above‐named areas were compared in terms of “per g of wet weight tissue”, “per mg DNA” and “per mg of soluble protein”. The activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), transglutaminase (TGase) and alkaline phosphatase (Al‐P) were remarkably high in the extract from the hair re‐growing area as compared with that from the non‐growing area. Comparison of the activities of the follicle‐rich fractions from the hair re‐growing area to those of the non‐shaved area showed that ODC, TGase and Al‐P activities were increased.
STAT1 Pathway Mediates Amplification of Metastatic Potential and Resistance to Therapy (2009)

Our results identify a pathway activated by tumor-stromal interactions thereby selecting for pro-metastatic and therapy-resistant tumor clones. New therapies targeted against the IFN/STAT1 signaling pathway may provide an effective strategy to treat or sensitize aggressive tumor clones to conventional cancer therapies and potentially prevent distant organ colonization.
The Protooncogene <i>bcl‐2</i> Inhibits Apoptosis in PC12 Cells (1993)

During development, many neuronal populations undergo a process of normal, programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Trophic factors regulate this process, but the mechanism by which they suppress apoptosis remains unclear. In the immune system, recent studies have implicated the protooncogene bcl-2 in the lymphocyte survival response to growth factors. To determine whether a similar survival pathway exists in a neuroendocrine cell type, we have expressed bcl-2 in the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line and found that it abrogates the requirement for stimulation by growth factors to survive. bcl-2 expression also substantially delays the onset of injury by the calcium ionophore A23187.
Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume IV: Guidelines for Applying CORSIM Microsimulation Modeling Software (2007)

This report describes a process and acts as guidelines for the recommended use of CORSIM traffic simulation software in transportation analyses. The seven-step process presented in these guidelines highlights the aspects of a CORSIM analysis from project start to project completion. The seven steps in the process include: 1) scope project, 2) data collection, 3) base model development, 4) error checking, 5) calibration - comparing model measures of effectiveness (MOEs) to field data (and adjusting model parameters), 6) alternatives analysis, and 7) final report. Each step is described in detail and an example problem applying the process is carried through the entire document. The report appendices contain detailed information covering areas such as: fundamentals of CORSIM model theory, an overview of CORSIM capabilities and limitations, guidance on the initialization period, a discussion on actuated signal control in CORSIM, coding techniques for complex situations, and run-time extension.
HYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS (1994)

A series of investigations over the past several years has evaluated a number of implant materials with and without plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings for use in load-bearing implant applications. HA-coated implants have exhibited greater interface shear attachment characteristics when compared to uncoated implants; these results have been demonstrated with dense (flat), porous-coated, and macrotextured implant surfaces. Maximum attachment strength also was found to occur within a shorter period of time postoperatively with the HA-coated samples, indicating a more rapid tissue adaptation to the implant surfaces. Plasma-sprayed HA coatings provide an osteophilic and osteoconductive surface that increases both the bone-implant attachment strength, as well as the rate of bone adaptation to the HA-coated implant surface.
Factors influencing absorbent properties of saponified starch-g-(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (2000)

Mixtures of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) were grafted onto gelatinized maize starch by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an initiator. These graft copolymers were hydrolyzed with alkali to yield hydrogels. The effects of different reaction variables, such as the concentration of the initiator and crosslinker, initial dilution of monomers, gelatinization conditions of starch, and the ratio of AM and AA in the monomer feed, on the water absorption capacities of these hydrogels have been examined. Absorption increases on gelatinizing starch at a higher temperature for a longer time as smaller granules gelatinize only under these conditions. The higher proportion of AA in the monomer feed enhances absorption due to formation of polyelectrolyte. The optimum conditions for obtaining maximum water absorbency established in the present study are granular maize starch = 2.0 g; gelatinization temperature = 95°C; gelatinization time = 60 min; AM = 1.0 g; AA = 4.0 g; CAN = 0.008 mol/L; N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide = 1%. The product so formed was saponified with NaOH and then precipitated in excess of methanol. The dried and finely powdered product showed the maximum water absorbency of 510 g/g. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2480–2485, 2000
A Virtual Director Using Hidden Markov Models (2015)

Abstract Automatically computing a cinematographic consistent sequence of shots over a set of actions occurring in a 3D world is a complex task which requires not only the computation of appropriate shots (viewpoints) and appropriate transitions between shots (cuts), but the ability to encode and reproduce elements of cinematographic style. Models proposed in the literature, generally based on finite state machine or idiom‐based representations, provide limited functionalities to build sequences of shots. These approaches are not designed in mind to easily learn elements of cinematographic style, nor do they allow to perform significant variations in style over the same sequence of actions. In this paper, we propose a model for automated cinematography that can compute significant variations in terms of cinematographic style, with the ability to control the duration of shots and the possibility to add specific constraints to the desired sequence. The model is parametrized in a way that facilitates the application of learning techniques. By using a Hidden Markov Model representation of the editing process, we demonstrate the possibility of easily reproducing elements of style extracted from real movies. Results comparing our model with state‐of‐the‐art first‐order Markovian representations illustrate these features, and robustness of the learning technique is demonstrated through cross‐validation.
Breast Cancer Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (2007)

Adjuvant endocrine therapy with the selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen, has significantly improved mortality from early-stage breast cancer for both pre- and postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Recent large clinical trials have demonstrated a clear and consistent benefit for the incorporation of aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy within adjuvant endocrine regimens for postmenopausal women. The AIs, which are associated with myalgias, arthralgias, and a reduction in bone mineral density, are generally well tolerated and have lower risks of endometrial carcinoma and thromboembolic events than tamoxifen. Data are awaited from ongoing trials to better define the optimal sequencing strategy, duration, and AI agent. Attempts to further optimize adjuvant endocrine therapy by identifying predictive biomarkers of response, as well as by developing strategies to overcome endocrine resistance are underway. In premenopausal women AI monotherapy is currently contraindicated and tamoxifen remains the standard of care. The role of ovarian function suppression in addition to tamoxifen or combined with AI therapy is being explored. The hope is that continued advances in endocrine therapy will translate into improved survival among both pre- and postmenopausal women with receptor-positive breast cancer.
The inhibitory effect of alcide®, an antimicrobial drug, on protein synthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1985)

Alcide, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug, has been shown to kill a wide range of common pathogenic bacteria as well as fungi, in vitro. This agent consists of Part A and Part B which contain sodium chlorite and lactic acid as the active ingredients, respectively. The mixing of these two parts immediately prior to use results in the formation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2), a potent germicidal compound. Exposure of exponentially growing E. coli cells to Alcide resulted in a rapid inhibition of growth as well as loss of viability. Alcide inhibited DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis; however, RNA and protein synthesis were affected at much lower concentrations. The accumulation of the amino acid analog amino-isobutyric acid into growing cultures of E. coli was only partially impaired by Alcide. Cell-free protein synthesis using an RNA directed system was inhibited by Alcide and this effect was lessened in the presence of mercaptoethanol. Higher concentrations of Alcide (1 mM) oxidized 25% of the methionine to methionine sulfoxide. Aminoacylation of E. coli bulk tRNA was decreased in vitro and the aminoacylation of tRNAfMet was particularly sensitive to Alcide.
Sum and difference frequency generation due to noncollinear wave interaction in a rectangular duct (1987)

Noncollinear wave interaction in a rectangular duct is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. An inhomogeneous wave equation, exact to second order in the field variables, is derived for the sum and difference frequency pressure waves generated by noncollinear interaction of two finite amplitude plane waves in a lossless fluid. This equation is extended to the interaction of waves in higher-order modes of a rectangular duct. Quasilinear solutions are obtained, and tube wall attenuation is included ad hoc. Experimental results are reported for the interaction of waves in the (0,0) and (1,0) modes of an air-filled rectangular duct. Theory and experiment are in excellent agreement with regard to oscillatory structure of the sum and difference frequency wave fields. Although overall agreement between theory and experiment is reasonable (±2 dB), it is not within estimated experimental error (±1 dB). It is shown that because local rather than cumulative nonlinear effects dominate the interaction, knowledge of the proper second-order source condition is of crucial importance. Discrepancies between the predicted and measured amplitudes are attributed to an inadequate description of the source condition.
Vascular physiology and long‐term healing of partial ligament tears (2002)

Functional outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are generally poorer than those of medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears. Following ligament damage, all phases of ligament healing require an adequate blood supply. We hypothesized that the differences in healing properties of the ACL and MCL would reflect their vascular responses to joint injury. This paper examines the long-term changes in blood flow and vascular volume of rabbit knee ligaments after direct injury, and under conditions of chronic joint instability induced by section of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Standardized injuries were surgically induced in adult rabbit knee ligaments: partial MCL transection, partial ACL transection, or complete PCL transection (joint instability). Sixteen weeks later the blood flow and vascular volume of the ACL and MCL were measured and compared to control and sham-operated animals. Direct ligament injury induced significant increases in standardized blood flow and vascular volume of both ACL and MCL after 16 weeks; however, the vascular volume of the ACL was not higher than the control levels in the MCL. We conclude that direct injury to both the anterior cruciate and MCLs induces long-term physiological responses. Joint laxity is a common sequel to PCL injury. Chronic joint laxity failed to induce adaptive vascular responses in the ACL, while the MCL shows significant amplification of blood supply. Although both MCL and ACL showed increased weight after PCL transection, the lack of a long-term vascular response in the ACL may be a major factor in its the diminished healing potential.
Analytical calculation of the specific absorption rate from cellular phone in some realistic situations (2010)

In this paper, we treated analytically the cellular phone antenna radiation parameters in the presence of a human body and the electromagnetic absorption concept by a human body in different realistic talking situations (in free space, in conductive environment, indoor, outdoor) is also investigated. Numerical investigations have been carried out to analyse the EM field coupling problem from cellular phone antenna to a spherical modelled head in different realistic scenarios by using the concept of the coupled integral equations; in which the electric field induced inside the model and the current distribution of the linear antenna can be expressed with coupled integral equations using dyadic Green's function. Some radiation parameters (radiation patterns, input impedance,....) has been evaluated, and also some investigations on the electromagnetic absorption, which is defined by the local specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution, has been calculated in each scenario for a spherical homogeneous head modelled irradiated by a dipole antenna. Results from different conductive media using the same antenna are compared showing that the SAR parameter is not related only to the radiating device but it depends mainly on the external environment. The resonance frequency of the input impedance is affected when the operator is placed near perfect conductor and will change considerably when the human head is surrounded by perfect conductors and the SAR distribution gives different absorption patterns therefore hazards health problems will be enhanced in such situations.
Rigid‐body docking with mutant constraints of influenza hemagglutinin with antibody HC19 (1994)

An automatic docking algorithm has been applied to the modeling of the complex between hemagglutinin from influenza virus and the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody raised against this antigen. We have introduced here the use of biochemical information provided by mutants of hemagglutinin. The docking procedure finds a small number of candidate solutions where three sites of escape mutations are buried and form hydrogen bonds in the interface. The localization of the epitope is improved by additional biochemical data about mutants that do not affect antibody binding. Five candidate solutions with low energy, reasonably well-packed interfaces, and six to ten hydrogen bonds are compatible with mutant information. One of the five stands out as generally better than the others from these points of views.