gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity Limits of Cognitive Radio with Distributed and Dynamic Spectral Activity (2006)

We investigate the capacity of opportunistic communication in the presence of dynamic and distributed spectral activity, i.e. when the time varying spectral holes sensed by the cognitive transmitter are correlated but not identical to those sensed by the cognitive receiver. Using the information theoretic framework of communication with causal and non-causal side information at the transmitter and/or the receiver, we obtain analytical capacity expressions and the corresponding numerical results. We find that cognitive radio communication is robust to dynamic spectral environments even when the communication occurs in bursts of only 3 - 5 symbols. The value of handshake overhead is investigated for both lightly loaded and heavily loaded systems. We find that the capacity benefits of overhead information flow from the transmitter to the receiver is negligible while feedback information overhead in the opposite direction significantly improves capacity.
β-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and β-Blocker Treatment Outcomes in Hypertension (2008)

Numerous studies have demonstrated that beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB1 and ADRB2) variants influence cardiovascular risk and beta-blocker responses in hypertension and heart failure. We evaluated the relationship between ADRB1 and ADRB2 haplotypes, cardiovascular risk (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal stroke), and atenolol-based vs. verapamil sustained-release (SR)-based antihypertensive therapy in 5,895 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. After an average of 2.8 years, death rates were higher in patients carrying the ADRB1 Ser49-Arg389 haplotype (hazard ratio (HR) 3.66, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.68-7.99). This mortality risk was significant in patients randomly assigned to verapamil SR (HR 8.58, 95% CI 2.06-35.8) but not atenolol (HR 2.31, 95% CI 0.82-6.55), suggesting a protective role for the beta-blocker. ADRB2 haplotype associations were divergent within the treatment groups but did not remain significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. ADRB1 haplotype variation is associated with mortality risk, and beta-blockers may be preferred in subgroups of patients defined by ADRB1 or ADRB2 polymorphisms.
An in vitro model of lymphocyte homing. II. Membrane and cytoplasmic events involved in lymphocyte adherence to specialized high-endothelial venules of lymph nodes. (1977)

Rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) are capable of selective adherence to the endothelium of high-endothelial venules (HEV) when overlaid onto glutaraldehyde-fixed sections of lymph nodes. The data presented indicate that lymphocyte adherence is an energy-dependent, calcium-requiring event that involves membrane determinants on TDL which are sensitive to trypsin. Surface sialic acids on lymphocytes are not essential and treatment of the cells with neuraminidase does not interfere with their attachment to HEV. There was no evidence that microtubule-associated functions play a role in binding. Adherence, however, is abolished by cytochalasin B, indicating that the cytoplasmic contractile microfilament system exerts an important effect. The results imply that lymphocyte surface membrane modulation is involved in the development of strong adhesive forces that bind the cells to the endothelium. In addition, lymphocyte-HEV adherence is reduced by ionophore A-23187, an agent known to inhibit surface membrane receptor movement. It is suggested that specific binding of recirculating lymphocytes to HEV is not a passive event, but that activation of cytoplasmic contractile forces in the lymphocyte is required for the formation of stable lymphocyte-HEV binding.
mRNA vaccine for cancer immunotherapy (2021)

mRNA vaccines have become a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy. During vaccination, naked or vehicle loaded mRNA vaccines efficiently express tumor antigens in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), facilitate APC activation and innate/adaptive immune stimulation. mRNA cancer vaccine precedes other conventional vaccine platforms due to high potency, safe administration, rapid development potentials, and cost-effective manufacturing. However, mRNA vaccine applications have been limited by instability, innate immunogenicity, and inefficient in vivo delivery. Appropriate mRNA structure modifications (i.e., codon optimizations, nucleotide modifications, self-amplifying mRNAs, etc.) and formulation methods (i.e., lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymers, peptides, etc.) have been investigated to overcome these issues. Tuning the administration routes and co-delivery of multiple mRNA vaccines with other immunotherapeutic agents (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors) have further boosted the host anti-tumor immunity and increased the likelihood of tumor cell eradication. With the recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of LNP-loaded mRNA vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 and the promising therapeutic outcomes of mRNA cancer vaccines achieved in several clinical trials against multiple aggressive solid tumors, we envision the rapid advancing of mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy in the near future. This review provides a detailed overview of the recent progress and existing challenges of mRNA cancer vaccines and future considerations of applying mRNA vaccine for cancer immunotherapies.
Using noninvasive multispectral imaging to quantitatively assess tissue vasculature (2007)

This research describes a noninvasive, noncontact method used to quantitatively analyze the functional characteristics of tissue. Multispectral images collected at several near-infrared wavelengths are input into a mathematical optical skin model that considers the contributions from different analytes in the epidermis and dermis skin layers. Through a reconstruction algorithm, we can quantify the percent of blood in a given area of tissue and the fraction of that blood that is oxygenated. Imaging normal tissue confirms previously reported values for the percent of blood in tissue and the percent of blood that is oxygenated in tissue and surrounding vasculature, for the normal state and when ischemia is induced. This methodology has been applied to assess vascular Kaposi's sarcoma lesions and the surrounding tissue before and during experimental therapies. The multispectral imaging technique has been combined with laser Doppler imaging to gain additional information. Results indicate that these techniques are able to provide quantitative and functional information about tissue changes during experimental drug therapy and investigate progression of disease before changes are visibly apparent, suggesting a potential for them to be used as complementary imaging techniques to clinical assessment.
Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymers for separation and adsorption (2011)

Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymers show good selectivity, fast adsorption kinetics, excellent recyclability and absorbencies for a wide range of organic solvents and oils, which make them the promising candidates for potential applications, including liquid–liquid separation, water treatment and so on.
Mobile agent intrusion detection system for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A non-overlapping zone approach (2008)

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a group of wireless nods that can be dynamically organized as a multi-hop packet radio network without using any existing infrastructure or centralized administration. However, MANET is venerable to attacks due to its mobile and ad hoc natures. The security issue is becoming a main concern in the applications of MANET. We consider the problem of decreasing the number of false positives generated by cooperative Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing intrusion detection techniques, a hierarchical distributed model of multi-level detection intrusion is proposed. The model utilizes the intelligent, lightweight mobile agent as alternative to the client server distribution model and nonoverlapping zone framework. So it can effectively detect complicated attacks. The data collection, data analysis, alert message and alarm message can be achieved by using mobile agents, which may reduce the data transmission to save the bandwidth resource in the MANET. The model can adjust itself dynamically to adapt to the change of the external environmental. Also the model is robust and scalable.
How probes inform and influence the design process (2007)

Design and research practitioners have applied probes in their design processes to find new ways of understanding user experience, allowing them to obtain a better understanding of their users and to inspire their designs. Usually in design practice and research, project leaders and managers expect an ultimate solution emerging as a result of probing. However, in most cases such a direct connection is not evident as probes inform and influence the design process in many different ways. We provide illustrative examples of these ways based on a study related to bathroom use for a lighting system. We present a generalization of our findings on how probes can help inform other design processes.
Detection of Cavities Produced in a Liquid by Ionizing Particles (1969)

A new technique for the detection of cavitation nuclei in liquids is developed. Microbubbles created by high energy ionizing particles give rise to an additional absorption of sound, at frequencies determined by their size. From the experimental measurement of the acoustic absorption coefficient as a function of the frequency, the presence of bubbles of various sizes can therefore be detected. In the present work microbubbles created in water by fission fragments of the 238U are detected. We use a reverberation method allowing a continuous variation of frequency in the range 100–900 kc/sec. The signal was treated by means of a sampling technique that allows one to get a fast response with an accuracy sufficient for our purposes. The size distribution of microbubbles produced in the 238U solution appears closely related to the well-known energy distribution of fission fragments.
Tunable dielectric resonators with dielectric tuning disks (2000)

Turnable dielectric resonators with dielectric tuning disks in cylindrical and rectangular enclosures are modeled by mode matching method. Tuning properties of TE/sub 01/ mode such as tuning ranges, spurious mode separation, unloaded quality factors, couplings, etc., are investigated for both rod- and ring-type dielectric resonators. Wide tuning ranges are obtained while other properties of resonators are maintained over the tuning ranges.
Observation of Light-Phase-Sensitive Photoemission from a Metal (2004)

We demonstrate that multiphoton-induced photoelectron emission from a gold surface caused by low-energy (unamplified) 4-fs, 750-nm laser pulses is sensitive to the timing of electric field oscillations with respect to the pulse peak. This observation confirms recent theoretical predictions and opens the door to measuring the absolute value of the carrier-envelope phase difference of few-cycle light pulses with a solid-state detector.
Identification of a nonlinear system modeled by a sparse Volterra series (2003)

An algorithm based on recursive approximation and estimation is proposed for the identification of nonlinear systems which can be modeled by a sparse Volterra series. The algorithm detects the terms of the Volterra series on which the output depends and estimates the associated Volterra kernels using a least squares criterion. The performance of the algorithm is primarily dependent on the number of nonzero Volterra kernels and not on their distribution in the whole series. The input sequence can be either i.i.d. or correlated. The algorithm can also be directly applied to the delay estimation of a sparse finite impulse response (FIR) filter. >
Treatment of locally metastatic melanoma: a novel approach. (2007)

We report a case of an 83-year-old female with locally metastatic melanoma treated with imiquimod and tazarotene. The patient originally presented to our dermatology clinic with local metastases of malignant melanoma after having undergone multiple surgical procedures and adjuvant radiation therapy for disease recurrence. At this juncture, she refused further surgical management but was interested in topical therapy. A 4-week course of topical imiquimod therapy was initiated. As no clinical response was noted at the end of the treatment period, tazarotene cream was introduced. The patient experienced complete clinical clearance of the treated area after a 6-week course of combination imiquimod and tazarotene therapy. The rationale for using both medications will be discussed.
Implementation of ROP Management Process in Qatar North Field (2007)

Abstract In March 2005, the operator implemented a rate of penetration (ROP) management process in Qatar's North Field. IPTC Paper 10706-PP describes the general principles behind the new work process and highlights its introduction to the operator. The ROP management process uses real time, customized surveillance technology to continuously maximize both drill bit cutter efficiency and transmission of energy from rig floor to the bit. This paper focuses on specific changes in drilling practices and their translation into substantive program acceleration and capital savings. To date, the development program has been accelerated by one year and USD 54 million has been saved while drilling 470,000 ft of hole. The process has proven to be a highly effective solution for management of drilling efficiency in a major development drilling campaign. As an indicator of program scope and effectiveness, over 440 personnel have been trained in mechanical specific energy (MSE) analysis, and 50 new field drilling records have been set by the nine rigs involved in the program. Importantly, the process has been implemented with one of the best safety records in industry (TRIR or total recordable incident rate of 0.11 per 200,000 man-hours as of September 06).
Long-Chain <i>N</i>-Acyl Amino Acid Antibiotics Isolated from Heterologously Expressed Environmental DNA (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLong-Chain N-Acyl Amino Acid Antibiotics Isolated from Heterologously Expressed Environmental DNASean F. Brady and Jon ClardyView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 51, 12903–12904Publication Date (Web):December 27, 2000Publication History Received11 August 2000Published online27 December 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002990uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002990urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1799Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Antibacterial activity,Genetics,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
DNA repair by Ogt alkyltransferase influences EMS mutational specificity (1995)

Forward mutations induced by ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli were recovered from bacteria proficient or deficient in the alkyltransferase encoded by the constitutive ogt gene. EMS doses of 100 or 200 mM (Ogt+) and of 50 mM (Ogt-) were selected from the corresponding dose-response curves for DNA sequence analysis. A total of 239 induced mutations affecting the N-terminal region of the lacI gene were characterized. All mutations were G:C-->A:T transitions, consistent with the predominant role of the O6-ethylguanine miscoding lesion in mutagenesis by EMS. In the Ogt+ spectrum at the lowest tested dose of 100 mM EMS, guanines preceded by an A or T base at the 5' side were on average 3.2 times more likely to mutate than those preceded by a G or C base. This bias diminished at the higher EMS dose (200 mM) and disappeared in the Ogt- genetic background. Previously reported data for Ogt+ bacteria in a Uvr-proficient background show an opposite bias in favor of mutations at guanines preceded by a G or C base. The overall 5' flanking base influence was estimated as 8-fold. These data suggest that DNA repair by Ogt alkyltransferase plays an important role in the processing of ethylation-induced lesions responsible for GC-->AT transitions, influencing their ultimate distribution with respect to sequence context. The data further suggest that Ogt and UvrABC excision repair, the two major mechanisms of protection against the biological consequences of long-chain alkylating agents, show different DNA sequence specificity and that the relative importance of these two systems is highly dependent upon the chemical dose.
Brain abnormality segmentation based on<i>l</i><sub>1</sub>-norm minimization (2014)

We present a method that uses sparse representations to model the inter-individual variability of healthy anatomy from a limited number of normal medical images. Abnormalities in MR images are then defined as deviations from the normal variation. More precisely, we model an abnormal (pathological) signal y as the superposition of a normal part ~y that can be sparsely represented under an example-based dictionary, and an abnormal part r. Motivated by a dense error correction scheme recently proposed for sparse signal recovery, we use <i>l</i><sub>1</sub>- norm minimization to separate ~y and r. We extend the existing framework, which was mainly used on robust face recognition in a discriminative setting, to address challenges of brain image analysis, particularly the high dimensionality and low sample size problem. The dictionary is constructed from local image patches extracted from training images aligned using smooth transformations, together with minor perturbations of those patches. A multi-scale sliding-window scheme is applied to capture anatomical variations ranging from fine and localized to coarser and more global. The statistical significance of the abnormality term r is obtained by comparison to its empirical distribution through cross-validation, and is used to assign an abnormality score to each voxel. In our validation experiments the method is applied for segmenting abnormalities on 2-D slices of FLAIR images, and we obtain segmentation results consistent with the expert-defined masks.
Towards fair and efficient charging for heavy goods vehicles (2004)

In this paper, we have investigated the important factors affecting pavement damage caused by HGVs and how current road track cost allocation methods and HGV charging systems do not, at present, satisfy fully the EC's requirements for a fair, efficient and equitable means of charging for road use. We discuss the requirements for developing a charging system for HGVs which address some of the main weaknesses with current charging methods. It is hoped that this will make considerable progress towards achieving a fairer, more efficient and transparent means of allocating costs for pavement damage between individual HGVs. This paper presents the research undertaken to develop such a charging system for HGVs and the results from initial on-road field trials are scheduled to be carried out in the coming months with different HGV types (e.g. 2 and 3 axled HGVs) to investigate further the performance of the various components of the system in a more realistic operating environment.
On optimality of beamforming for multiple antenna systems with imperfect feedback (2002)

We determine a necessary and sufficient condition under which beamforming (scalar coding) achieves Shannon capacity in a narrowband point to point communication system employing multiple transmit antennas and a single receive antenna. We assume perfect channel state information at the receiver (CSIR) and either channel mean or channel covariance feedback from the receiver to the transmitter. We find that better feedback quality not only increases the system capacity but also reduces the required decoding complexity at the receiver.
A Small Microbial Genome: The End of a Long Symbiotic Relationship? (2006)

Intracellular bacteria are characterized by genome reduction. The 422,434-base pair genome of Buchnera aphidicola BCc, primary endosymbiont of the aphid Cinara cedri, is approximately 200 kilobases smaller than the previously sequenced B. aphidicola genomes. B. aphidicola BCc has lost most metabolic functions, including the ability to synthesize the essential amino acid tryptophan and riboflavin. In addition, most retained genes are evolving rapidly. Possibly, B. aphidicola BCc is losing its symbiotic capacity and is being complemented (and might be replaced) by the highly abundant coexisting secondary symbiont.
Genes controlled by the essential YycG/YycF two‐component system of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> revealed through a novel hybrid regulator approach (2003)

The YycG/YycF two-component system, originally identified in Bacillus subtilis, is very highly conserved and appears to be specific to low G + C Gram-positive bacteria. This system is required for cell viability, although the basis for this and the nature of the YycF regulon remained elusive. Using a combined hybrid regulator/transcriptome approach involving the inducible expression of a PhoP'-'YycF chimerical protein in B. subtilis, we have shown that expression of yocH, which encodes a potential autolysin, is specifically activated by YycF. Gel mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays were used to show direct binding in vitro of purified YycF to the regulatory regions of yocH as well as ftsAZ, previously reported to be controlled by YycF. Nucleotide sequence analysis and site-directed mutagenesis allowed us to define a potential consensus recognition sequence for the YycF response regulator, composed of two direct repeats: 5'-TGT A/T A A/T/C-N5-TGT A/T A A/T/C-3'. A DNA-motif analysis indicates that there are potentially up to 10 genes within the B. subtilis YycG/YycF regulon, mainly involved in cell wall metabolism and membrane protein synthesis. Among these, YycF was shown to bind directly to the region upstream from the ykvT gene, encoding a potential cell wall hydrolase, and the intergenic region of the tagAB/tagDEF divergon, encoding essential components of teichoic acid biosynthesis. Definition of a potential YycF recognition sequence allowed us to identify likely members of the YycF regulon in other low G + C Gram-positive bacteria, including several pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.