gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New lipophilic 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonate iron(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes: synthesis and EXAFS structural characterisation (2005)

New tris-iron(III) chelates of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone ligands derived from maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone) or ethylmaltol (2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone), including a variety of N-aryl (phenyl, 4'-tolyl, 4'-(n-butyl)phenyl, 4'-(n-hexyl)phenyl) and N-benzyl (4'-methylbenzyl, 4'-fluorobenzyl and 4'-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine) substituents on the nitrogen atom of the pyridinone ring, have been prepared. Characterization by C,H,N elemental analysis and thermogravimetric measurements indicates that most of the complexes are obtained as hydrates of general formula ML3.xH2O. Structural characterization of these difficult to crystallize lipophilic complexes has been achieved by EXAFS spectroscopy. Solutions of iron(III) complexes of maltol, ethylmaltol, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone and 1-phenyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone in methanol-water mixtures were also examined by EXAFS. Distances from the central atom to ligand atoms, within 6 A of the metal, have been determined in the solid and solution samples and the results show that the structure observed in the powder is maintained in solution. The local structure around the metal centre, bond distances and bond angles, does not change significantly with variable lipophilicity, thus indicating that ligands may be tailored according to specific needs without altering their chelation properties. EXAFS data analysis for this set of tris-iron(III) compounds illustrates the important contribution of both intra-ligand and inter-ligand multiple scattering pathways through the metal centre to a peak observed in the FT spectrum at twice the metal ligand distance (approximately 4 A). The present results demonstrate that EXAFS features at twice the metal-ligand distance are valuable in the assignment of molecular geometry and that location of hydration water molecules, by EXAFS analysis, is limited by the geometry of the complexes, in particular for those in which ligands containing phenyl rings are present.
<scp>HBV</scp> and the immune response (2014)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection acquired in adult life is generally self-limited while chronic persistence of the virus is the prevalent outcome when infection is acquired perinatally. Both control of infection and liver cell injury are strictly dependent upon protective immune responses, because hepatocyte damage is the price that the host must pay to get rid of intracellular virus. Resolution of acute hepatitis B is associated with functionally efficient, multispecific antiviral T-cell responses which are preceded by a poor induction of intracellular innate responses at the early stages of infection. Persistent control of infection is provided by long-lasting protective memory, which is probably sustained by continuous stimulation of the immune system by trace amounts of virus which are never totally eliminated, persisting in an occult episomic form in the nucleus of liver cells even after recovery from acute infection. Chronic virus persistence is instead characterized by a lack of protective T-cell memory maturation and by an exhaustion of HBV-specific T-cell responses. Persistent exposure of T cells to high antigen loads is a key determinant of functional T-cell impairment but also other mechanisms can contribute to T-cell inhibition, including the tolerogenic effect of the liver environment. The degree of T-cell impairment is variable and its severity is related to the level of virus replication and antigen load. The antiviral T-cell function is more efficient in patients who can control infection either partially, such as inactive HBsAg carriers with low levels of virus replication, or completely, such as patients who achieve HBsAg loss either spontaneously or after antiviral therapy. Thus, understanding the features of the immune responses associated with control of infection is needed for the successful design of novel immune modulatory therapies based on the reconstitution of efficient antiviral responses in chronic HBV patients.
Delirium and long-term cognitive impairment (2009)

Delirium is a severe, acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that is highly prevalent in acute hospital populations. Delirium has noticeable effects on length of hospitalization, cost of care, mortality and morbidity. In addition to these well-established adverse consequences, there is increasing evidence linking delirium and a higher risk of long-term cognitive impairment (LTCI), including dementia. A prior review (Jackson, Gordon, Hart, Hopkins, & Ely, 2004), in which nine studies (total N = 1,885, years 1989-2003) were considered, concluded that there was evidence for an association between delirium and LTCI. Here we provide a review of studies published since Jackson's review. We included nine reports, with a total of 2,025 patients. The studies show diverse sample sizes, methodologies, designs and patient populations. However, taken together, the results of these new studies broadly confirm that there is a link between delirium and LTCI. We go on to discuss putative mechanisms and explanations. These include (1) delirium as a marker of chronic progressive pathology, but unrelated to any progression, (2) delirium as a consequence of acute brain damage which is also responsible for a 'single hit' or triggering of active processes causing LTCI, (3) delirium itself as a cause of LTCI, and (4) drug treatment of delirium or other conditions as a cause of LTCI. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Evaluation of growth of Chlorella ellipsoidea in different culture media (2015)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth of Chlorella ellipsoidea in three different media viz,. medium I (pulse bran), medium II (soil extract) and medium III (inorganic) under the natural environmental conditions. The alga, C. ellipsoidea, reached maximum cell density of 56.32 × 106 cells ml-1 in 10 days in medium I (pulse bran), maximum cell density of 102.99 × 106 cells ml-1 in 11 days in medium II (soil extract) and maximum cell density of 64.23 × 106 cells ml-1 in 12 days in medium III (inorganic medium). The ranges of water temperature, air temperature and light intensity were 22 to 32ºC, 22 to 34ºC and 2.11 to 4.31 (× 103) lux, respectively during the culture period. The average sunshine period was 7.65 ± 1.57 hours. Total alkalinity, free CO2, pH, NO3-N, PO4- P of algal culture medium I, medium II and medium III were 220, 200 and 150 mg L-1 ; 26, 9 and 19 mg L-1; 7.9, 7.6 and 7.5; 45, 45 and 133.33 mg L-1; 10.9, 15.1 and 37.06 mg L-1, respectively. Cell densities of cultures of C. ellipsoidea under three treatments I, II and III, it can be concluded that cell densities under 3 treatments are significantly different (F=39.78) and treatment II (soil extract medium) is the best for algal (C. ellipsoidea) culture among three treatments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22636 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 6-10, December, 2014
Availability of Multi-Object Operations (Awarded Best Paper). (2006)

In this large, national, population-based study, the markers of heavy drinking studied here, either alone or in combination, did not appear to be useful in identifying unhealthy drinking. More work is needed to find the novel marker(s) associated with risky alcohol drinking.
A domain-specific supercomputer for training deep neural networks (2020)

Google's TPU supercomputers train deep neural networks 50x faster than general-purpose supercomputers running a high-performance computing benchmark.
Dual role for Insulin/TOR signaling in the control of hematopoietic progenitor maintenance in <i>Drosophila</i> (2012)

The interconnected Insulin/IGF signaling (IlS) and Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways constitute the main branches of the nutrient-sensing system that couples growth to nutritional conditions in Drosophila. Here, we addressed the influence of these pathways and of diet restriction on the balance between the maintenance of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors and their differentiation in the Drosophila lymph gland. In this larval hematopoietic organ, a pool of stem-like progenitor blood cells (prohemocytes) is kept undifferentiated in response to signaling from a specialized group of cells forming the posterior signaling center (PSC), which serves as a stem cell niche. We show that, reminiscent of the situation in human, loss of the negative regulator of IIS Pten results in lymph gland hyperplasia, aberrant blood cell differentiation and hematopoietic progenitor exhaustion. Using site-directed loss- and gain-of-function analysis, we demonstrate that components of the IIS/TOR pathways control lymph gland homeostasis at two levels. First, they cell-autonomously regulate the size and activity of the hematopoietic niche. Second, they are required within the prohemocytes to control their growth and maintenance. Moreover, we show that diet restriction or genetic alteration mimicking amino acid deprivation triggers progenitor cell differentiation. Hence, our study highlights the role of the IIS/TOR pathways in orchestrating hematopoietic progenitor fate and links blood cell fate to nutritional status.
Theophylline kinetics in acute pulmonary edema (1977)

Nine patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema were given theophylline intravenously, and its disposition was observed over the next 24 hr. Compared to that in 19 normal subjects, these patients had prolonged plasma half-lifes (mean, 22.9 from 6.7 hr) and decreased plasma clearances of theophylline (mean, 0.041 from 0.062 L [kg-1] hr-1). The intersubject variation in these parameters was 20-fold in patients with pulmonary edema and 4-fold in normal subjects. Since the peak plasma concentrations attained and the apparent volumes of distribution were not different in the two groups, a suitable initial dose can be calculated. A loading dose of 4.5 to 5 mg/kg theophylline (6 mg/kg aminophylline) given over 20 min appears safe. Because of the great variability in the plasma clearance of this drug in patients with heart failure, plasma concentrations and toxicity would be unpredictable after repeated doses or constant infusions.
Congenital Urethral Membranes Causing Urethral Obstruction (1974)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1974Congenital Urethral Membranes Causing Urethral Obstruction P.L. Field, and F.D. Stephens P.L. FieldP.L. Field More articles by this author , and F.D. StephensF.D. Stephens More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59940-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByKrishnan A, de Souza A, Konijeti R and Baskin L (2018) The Anatomy and Embryology of Posterior Urethral ValvesJournal of Urology, VOL. 175, NO. 4, (1214-1220), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2006.Lendvay T, Smith E, Kirsch A and Boddy M (2018) Congenital Urethral StrictureJournal of Urology, VOL. 168, NO. 3, (1156-1157), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2002.Albers P, Fichtner J, Bruhl P and Muller S (2018) Long-Term Results of Internal UrethrotomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 156, NO. 5, (1611-1614), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1996.Maizels M, Stephens F, King L and Firlit C (2018) Cowpek’s Syringocele: A Classification of Dilatations of Cowper’s Gland Duct Based Upon Clinical Characteristics of 8 BoysJournal of Urology, VOL. 129, NO. 1, (111-114), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1983.Ansell J (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 129, NO. 1, (114-114), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1983.Currarino G and Stephens F (2018) An Uncommon Type of Bulbar Urethral Stricture, Sometimes Familial, of Unknown Cause: Congenital Versus AcquiredJournal of Urology, VOL. 126, NO. 5, (658-662), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1981.J.W.D. (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 126, NO. 5, (662-662), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1981.Cass A and Stephens F (2018) Posterior Urethral Valves: Diagnosis and ManagementJournal of Urology, VOL. 112, NO. 4, (519-525), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1974. Volume 111Issue 2February 1974Page: 250-255 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information P.L. Field More articles by this author F.D. Stephens More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Polymer-matrix Composites for High-temperature Applications (2005)

Over the last decade, applications of fibre-reinforced composites using polymer matrices have seen tremendous growth. In spite of the complexity of their behaviour and the unconventional nature of fabrication and other aspects, the usage of such composites, even for primary loadbearing structures in military fighters and transport aircraft, and satellites and space vehicles has been beneficially realised. Most of such usage constituted structural applications (such as in airframe) where service temperatures are not expected to he beyond 120 'C. Attention is now focussed on expanding the usage of such composites to other areas where temperatures could be higher-in the range 200400 C. The intended applications are structural and non-structural parts on or around the aero-engines and airframe components for supersonic or hypersonic aircraft. The development of polymer matrices-such as bismaleimides, polyimides, cyanates, and liquid crystalline polymers and others-has brought such applications within the realm of practicability. The associated problems have been in terms of suitable processing technologies and in balancing the requirements of the performance with those of the processing. This paper describes briefly such developments and reviews the potential application scenario.
Quantitative Detection of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> DNA in Saliva, Blood, and Urine (2009)

Saliva sampling is a promising less-invasive approach for detecting malaria infection.
Temporal planning with mutual exclusion reasoning (1999)

Many planning domains require a richer notion of time in which actions can overlap and have different durations. The key to fast performance in classical planners (e.g., Graphplan, IPP, and Blackbox) has been the use of a disjunctive representation with powerful mutual exclusion reasoning. This paper presents TGP, a new algorithm for temporal planning. TGP operates by incrementally expanding a compact planning graph representation that handles actions of differing duration. The key to TGP performance is tight mutual exclusion reasoning which is based on an expressive language for bounding mutexes and includes mutexes between actions and propositions. Our experiments demonstrate that mutual exclusion reasoning remains valuable in a rich temporal setting. 1
Evaluating dual-view perceptual issues in handheld augmented reality (2013)

In handheld Augmented Reality (AR) the magic-lens paradigm is typically implemented by rendering the video stream captured by the back-facing camera onto the device's screen. Unfortunately, such implementations show the real world from the device's perspective rather than the user's perspective. This dual-perspective results in misaligned and incorrectly scaled imagery, a predominate cause for the dual-view problem with potential to distort user's spatial perception. This paper presents a user study that analyzes users' expectations, spatial-perception, and their ability to deal with the dual-view problem, by comparing device-perspective and fixed Point-of-View (POV) user-perspective rendering. The results confirm the existence of the dual-view perceptual issue and that the majority of participants expect user-perspective rendering irrespective of their previous AR experience. Participants also demonstrated significantly better spatial perception and preference of the user-perspective view.
Prevention and treatment of vasovagal reaction in endo-procedures of upper urinary tract stones (2009)

Objective To evaluate the prevention and treatment of vasovagal reaction in endo-procedures of upper urinary tract stones. Methods Review the prevent and treatment experiences of Vasovagal reaction in endo-procedures of upper urinary tract stones in past 6 years in our department (include ureteroscopic lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy). Results Of the 1023 endo-procedures, Vasovagal reactions happened in 38 cases, the incidence was 3.7%, 2 cases died and 1 case becomed persistent vegetative state, and the rest of them cured. Conclusion vasovagal reaction was not seldom in endo-procedures of upper urinary tract stones, it could result in death in serve cases, we should pay attention to it. Administration of enough Atropine was the major measure.
Medical Management of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2008)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common condition that may be lethal when it is unrecognized. Current guidelines suggest repair as the aneurysm diameter reaches 5.0 to 5.5 cm. Most aortic aneurysms are detected incidentally when imaging is done for other purposes or through screening programs. Ninety percent of these aneurysms are below the threshold for intervention at the time of detection. A number of studies have sought to determine factors that lead to progression of aneurysmal disease that might be amenable to intervention during this period of observation. We review these studies and make recommendations for the medical management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. On the basis of our current knowledge of the causes of aneurysm, a number of approaches have been proposed to prevent progression of aneurysmal disease. These include hemodynamic management, inhibition of inflammation, and protease inhibition. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines rules of evidence have helped to define strength of evidence to support these approaches. Level A evidence (from large randomized trials) is available to indicate that observation of small aneurysms in men is safe up to a size of 5.5 cm and that propranolol does not inhibit aneurysm expansion. Level B evidence (from small randomized trials) suggests that roxithromycin or doxycycline will decrease the rate of aneurysm expansion. A number of studies agree that tobacco use is associated with an increased rate of aneurysm expansion. Level B and C evidence is available to suggest that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) may inhibit aneurysm expansion. There are animal data but no human data demonstrating that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, will decrease the rate of AAA expansion. A pharmacological agent without important side effects that inhibited aneurysm expansion could change current approaches to aneurysm treatment. Additional studies are needed to clarify the potential role of doxycycline, roxithromycin, and statin therapy in the progression of aneurysmal disease.
Ocean engineering: food fish for a hungry world (1966)

In recent years, the fish harvest from the oceanic waters of the world has increased annually about eight percent by weight. Projected estimates indicate that the present yearly catch of food fish could be multiplied ten times without endangering the total edible marine population. Certain seacoast waters have been depleted of their food-fish supply because of unscientific overexploitation. The Japanese and Russians, in particular, have been expanding their localized fishing efforts to encompass worldwide ocean areas. To ensure continued improvement in the science and technology of catching fish in large quantities, new developments in underwater television; FM sonar; and net construction, control, and handling are imperative. And the accurate tracking and charting of the migratory habits of large schools of food fish are equally important in predicting future and seasonal areas of bountiful supply.
Laucysteinamide A, a Hybrid PKS/NRPS Metabolite from a Saipan Cyanobacterium, cf. Caldora penicillata (2017)

A bioactivity guided study of a cf. <i>Caldora penicillata</i> species, collected during a 2013 expedition to the Pacific island of Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands (a commonwealth of the USA), led to the isolation of a new thiazoline-containing alkaloid, laucysteinamide A (<b>1</b>). Laucysteinamide A is a new monomeric analogue of the marine cyanobacterial metabolite, somocystinamide A (<b>2</b>), a disulfide-bonded dimeric compound that was isolated previously from a Fijian marine cyanobacterium. The structure and absolute configuration of laucysteinamide A (<b>1</b>) was determined by a detailed analysis of its NMR, MS, and CD spectra. In addition, the highly bioactive lipid, curacin D (<b>3</b>), was also found to be present in this cyanobacterial extract. The latter compound was responsible for the potent cytotoxicity of this extract to H-460 human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro.
Locate, Size and Count: Accurately Resolving People in Dense Crowds via Detection (2020)

We introduce a detection framework for dense crowd counting and eliminate the need for the prevalent density regression paradigm. Typical counting models predict crowd density for an image as opposed to detecting every person. These regression methods, in general, fail to localize persons accurate enough for most applications other than counting. Hence, we adopt an architecture that locates every person in the crowd, sizes the spotted heads with bounding box and then counts them. Compared to normal object or face detectors, there exist certain unique challenges in designing such a detection system. Some of them are direct consequences of the huge diversity in dense crowds along with the need to predict boxes contiguously. We solve these issues and develop our LSC-CNN model, which can reliably detect heads of people across sparse to dense crowds. LSC-CNN employs a multi-column architecture with top-down feature modulation to better resolve persons and produce refined predictions at multiple resolutions. Interestingly, the proposed training regime requires only point head annotation, but can estimate approximate size information of heads. We show that LSC-CNN not only has superior localization than existing density regressors, but outperforms in counting as well. The code for our approach is available at https://github.com/val-iisc/lsc-cnn.