gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Apparent Free Testosterone Concentration, An Index of Androgenicity (1971)

As free non-protein bound testosterone is generally considered to represent the active androgen fraction in plasma, we developed a method, based on equilibrium dialysis of diluted plasma, by which the “apparent free testosterone concentration” (AFTC) in undiluted plasma is obtained. This AFTC was determined in normal adult, (pre)adolescent and hypogonadal males, in male diabetics, as well as in hirsute and pregnant women and in hyperthyroid patients of both sexes. The values were compared with those obtained for total plasma testosterone in the same subjects. The AFTC in normal males age 20–50 yr varied between 5.5 and 20 ng/100 ml and decreased with age; this decrease was already significant in the age group 50–70 yr, whereas total testosterone concentration in these subjects was not different from younger adults. In females, the AFTC varied between 0.2 and 0.75 ng/100 ml. In (pre)adolescent males plasma testosterone levels and AFTC increased in function of sexual maturity, but whereas sometimes adult plasma testosterone levels were already observed before full sexual development was achieved, adult AFTC levels were only obtained in subjects with full sexual maturity. In male hypogonadism the decrease in AFTC was more pronounced than the decrease in total testosterone. In male diabetics, the total testosterone concentration was generally low normal, but, due to a slight decrease in TeBG capacity, the AFTC was entirely within normal limits. In female hirsutism, plasma testosterone levels and AFTC were variable, but the AFTC was increased more frequently than total plasma testosterone. In pregnancy, whereas plasma testosterone levels were increased, the AFTC was normal or moderately decreased. In hyperthyroidism finally, plasma testosterone levels were often increased, but the AFTC was normal. It appears to the authors that the AFTC is a better index of androgenicity than total testosterone.
LOCAL METABOLIC CHANGES IN LIVER AND MUSCLE WITH DIFFERENT RESUSCITATION FLUIDS AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK- A CONTROLLED STUDY IN PIGS USING MICRODIALYSIS. (2002)

Raum, M; Gregor, S; Keiser, F; Linker, R; Holzgräfe, B; Neugebauer, E Author Information
Smart Hydrogels with Inhomogeneous Structures Assembled Using Nanoclay-Cross-Linked Hydrogel Subunits as Building Blocks (2016)

A novel and facile assembly strategy has been successfully developed to construct smart nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels with inhomogeneous structures using nanoclay-cross-linked stimuli-responsive hydrogel subunits as building blocks via rearranged hydrogen bonding between polymers and clay nanosheets. The assembled thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) (poly(NIPAM-co-AM)) hydrogels with various inhomogeneous structures exhibit excellent mechanical properties due to plenty of new hydrogen bonding interactions created at the interface for locking the NC hydrogel subunits, which are strong enough to tolerate external forces such as high levels of elongations and multicycles of swelling/deswelling operations. The proposed approach is featured with flexibility and designability to build assembled hydrogels with diverse architectures for achieving various responsive deformations, which are highly promising for stimuli-responsive manipulation such as actuation, encapsulation, and cargo transportation. Our assembly strategy creates new opportunities for further developing mechanically strong hydrogel systems with complex architectures that composed of diverse internal structures, multistimuli-responsive properties, and controllable shape deformation behaviors in the soft robots and actuators fields.
Leveraging Biomaterial Mechanics to Improve Pluripotent Stem Cell Applications for Tissue Engineering (2019)

A primary goal in tissue engineering is to develop functional tissues by recapitulating salient features of complex biological systems that exhibit a diverse range of physical forces. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising autologous cell sources to execute these developmental programs and their functions; however, cells require an extracellular environment where they will sense and respond to mechanical forces. Thus, understanding the biophysical relationships between stem cells and their extracellular environments will improve the ability to design complex biological systems through tissue engineering. This article first describes how the mechanical properties of the environment are important determinants of developmental processes, and then further details how biomaterials can be designed to precisely control the mechanics of cell-matrix interactions in order to study and define their reprogramming, self-renewal, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Finally, a perspective is presented on how insights from the mechanics of cell-matrix interactions can be leveraged to control pluripotent stem cells for tissue engineering applications.
A Structure‐Activity Relationship for the Binding of Acridine‐4‐Carboxamides to DNA (1990)

Abstract The DNA binding constants for a series of acridine‐4‐carboxamides were modeled using quantitative structure‐activity relationship methodology. In particular, a data set containing 52 acridine derivatives along with their DNA binding constants for the poly(dA‐dT) and poly(dG‐dC) sites of DNA was obtained from the literature. The descriptors which were calculated and ultimately used in the regression models were designed to encode a specific binding site model which had previously been proposed in the literature. Since it is believed that the acridines interact with the DNA by intercalation, surface area and charge descriptors were calculated for regions of the acridine backbone which are theorized to be in close proximity to the DNA chain. The ability of these descriptors to successfully model the DNA binding constants for the data set supports the binding model which was previously proposed.
Fiber optic CW doppler lidar using a synthetic broadband source (2013)

A range-resolving continuous wave Doppler Lidar is presented based on principles of optical low-coherence re- flectometry (OLCR) and using a source with a bandwidth in the MHz range. As opposed to OLCR the range scanning is not done by changing the length of the reference path in the interferometric setup. Rather, a CW source with synthetic phase noise is used enabling numerical range scanning after each single measurement. The latter feature also is in sharp contrast to conventional CW Lidar. Our concept can be applied to wind sensing as well as to remote vibrometry and differential absorption Lidar.
Experimental IGF-I Receptor Deficiency Generates a Sexually Dimorphic Pattern of Organ-Specific Growth Deficits in Mice, Affecting Fat Tissue in Particular (2001)

Reduced IGF type I receptor levels diminish postnatal growth rate and adult body weight in mice. Here, we studied the impact of experimental IGF receptor deficiency on tissue-specific growth by Cre-lox-mediated dosage of a floxed IGF-IR gene. We generated mice with a wide spectrum of receptor deficiency (5-82%), and separated them into two groups with either strong (> or =50%) IGF-IR deficiency (XS mice) or moderate deficiency (<50%, M mice). The growth of XS mice was significantly retarded from 3 wk after birth onward, with respect to M littermates. This effect was twice as strong in males as in females. Growth deficits persisted throughout adult life, and at 10-12 months, most organs and tissues showed specific weight defects. Skin, bone and connective tissue, muscle, spleen, heart, lung, and brain were the most severely affected organs in the XS males. With the exception of muscle and spleen, the same tissues were also significantly reduced in size in females, although to a lesser extent. The most severe growth defect, however, concerned adipose tissue. Fat pad size in XS males was only 29% (females, 44%) of M mice. The estimated number of adipocytes in XS male fat pads was only 21% that of M males (XS female, 27%). Lipid content per cell was significantly higher in XS adipocytes, whereas plasma glucose and insulin levels were low in XS males. Thus, IGF type I receptor deficiency produced mice with disproportionate postnatal organ growth, and these effects depended strongly on sex. A marked reduction in IGF-IR levels resulted in a major defect in adipose tissue.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Procalcitonin for Predicting Blood Culture Results in Patients With Suspected Bloodstream Infection (2015)

Previous studies have suggested that procalcitonin is a reliable marker for predicting bacteremia. However, these studies have had relatively small sample sizes or focused on a single clinical entity. The primary endpoint of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin for predicting or excluding clinically relevant pathogen categories in patients with suspected bloodstream infections. The secondary endpoint was to look for organisms significantly associated with internationally validated procalcitonin intervals. We performed a cross-sectional study that included 35,343 consecutive patients who underwent concomitant procalcitonin assays and blood cultures for suspected bloodstream infections. Biochemical and microbiological data were systematically collected in an electronic database and extracted for purposes of this study. Depending on blood culture results, patients were classified into 1 of the 5 following groups: negative blood culture, Gram-positive bacteremia, Gram-negative bacteremia, fungi, and potential contaminants found in blood cultures (PCBCs). The highest procalcitonin concentration was observed in patients with blood cultures growing Gram-negative bacteria (median 2.2 ng/mL [IQR 0.6-12.2]), and the lowest procalcitonin concentration was observed in patients with negative blood cultures (median 0.3 ng/mL [IQR 0.1-1.1]). With optimal thresholds ranging from ≤0.4 to ≤0.75 ng/mL, procalcitonin had a high diagnostic accuracy for excluding all pathogen categories with the following negative predictive values: Gram-negative bacteria (98.9%) (including enterobacteria [99.2%], nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli [99.7%], and anaerobic bacteria [99.9%]), Gram-positive bacteria (98.4%), and fungi (99.6%). A procalcitonin concentration ≥10 ng/mL was associated with a high risk of Gram-negative (odds ratio 5.98; 95% CI, 5.20-6.88) or Gram-positive (odds ratio 3.64; 95% CI, 3.11-4.26) bacteremia but dramatically reduced the risk of PCBCs or fungemia. In this large real-life setting experience with more than 35,000 patients, procalcitonin was highly effective at excluding bloodstream infections regardless of pathogen categories. The results from our study are limited by its cross-sectional design and deserve to be validated in prospective longitudinal studies.
[Secondary appearance of hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinism in a patient with malignant endocrine tumor of the pancreas]. (2000)

Les tumeurs endocrines (TNE) sont des maladies rares du pancreas representant environ 0,5 % des tumeurs de cet organe. Certaines de ces tumeurs sont dites fonctionnelles, c'est-a-dire responsables de symptomes en rapport avec la secretion hormonale (hypoglycemie severe de l'insulinome ou ulceres multiples du gastrinome). D'autres sont non fonctionnelles et les malades presentent des signes non specifiques de tumeur du pancreas associee a des metastases. Ces tumeurs peuvent etre secretantes (bien que non fonctionnelles), et la recherche systematique de secretions peptidiques se revele positive dans 40 a 85 % des cas elon l'exhaustivite du bilan demande, les autres tumeurs etant dites non secretantes. Chez des malades ayant des TNE fonctionnelles ou non, l'apparition secondaire de symptomes en rapport avec une neosecretion de gastrine, de glucagon ou de vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) [1, 2] a ete decrite. Nous rapportons un cas de survenue d'hypoglycemies symptomatiques en relation avec une neosecretion hormonale chez une malade atteinte d'une TNE du pancreas jusque-la non fonctionnelle.
Department of the interior's regulatory structure for the control of air pollutants emitted on the OCS. Paper 81. 23. 1 (1981)

This paper outlines the approach for regulation of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) areas for air pollutant emission from OCS oil and gas development and production activities. The potential air quality impacts were analyzed assuming different scenarios. 12 refs.
STEM: Secure Telephony Enabled Middlebox (2002)

Dynamic applications, including IP telephony, have not seen wide acceptance within enterprises because of problems caused by the existing network infrastructure. Static elements, including firewalls and network address translation devices, are not capable of allowing dynamic applications to operate properly. The Secure Telephony Enabled Middlebox (STEM) architecture is an enhancement of the existing network design to remove the issues surrounding static devices. The architecture incorporates an improved firewall that can interpret and utilize information in the application layer of packets to ensure proper functionality. In addition to allowing dynamic applications to function normally, the STEM architecture also incorporates several detection and response mechanisms for well-known network-based vulnerabilities. This article describes the key components of the architecture with respect to the SIP protocol.
Analysis of Metagene Portraits Reveals Distinct Transitions During Kidney Organogenesis (2008)

Organogenesis is a multistage process, but it has been difficult, by conventional analysis, to separate stages and identify points of transition in developmentally complex organs or define genetic pathways that regulate pattern formation. We performed a detailed time-series examination of global gene expression during kidney development and then represented the resulting data as self-organizing maps (SOMs), which reduced more than 30,000 genes to 650 metagenes. Further clustering of these maps identified potential stages of development and suggested points of stability and transition during kidney organogenesis that are not obvious from either standard morphological analyses or conventional microarray clustering algorithms. We also performed entropy calculations of SOMs generated for each day of development and found correlations with morphometric parameters and expression of candidate genes that may help in orchestrating the transitions between stages of kidney development, as well as macro- and micropatterning of the organ.
Transmit/receive module technology for X-band active array radar (1991)

Phased array radar system developments using X-band transmit/receive (T/R) module technology are summarized. Requirements are developed from systems concepts for fighter aircraft radar applications. Factors influencing system performance are discussed in terms of the allowable tradeoffs that must be considered for deployable systems. T/R module architectures are investigated in light of the system derived performance requirements. These module requirements are reduced to the individual circuit function level, and examples of circuits developed to meet these requirements are presented. Critical T/R module technologies are discussed in view of the latest developments in microwave active and control devices, manufacturing assembly processes and equipment, package materials and fabrication processes, and test automation. Module developments during the past 25 years are discussed chronologically and described in terms of the performance characteristics attained. Test requirements unique to module integration and aperture-level performance verification are highlighted. Module price targets are derived from affordability constraints imposed by the fighter aircraft radar application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Future predictor for vehicle steering guidance - sensitivity analysis and experimental results (2003)

The accessible information to the driver is important in vehicle handling problems. Under severe weather conditions, it may not be easy for the driver to steer the vehicle safely. A guidance display, which includes both the road information and the future position of the vehicle, is developed to assist the driver in handling the vehicle. The observer-based vehicle state and the driver's steering input are used to predict the vehicle future position at a prescribed look-ahead distance. An approximation method was proposed in previous research to predict the position without integrating the vehicle dynamic equation into future time. Sensitivity analysis is performed in this paper to study the effect of the vehicle parameters on the predicted vehicle future position. Experiments are conducted to verify the approximate future predictor and the effectiveness of the guidance display.
A disjoint path selection scheme with SRLG in GMPLS networks (2003)

This paper proposes a disjoint path selection scheme for generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) networks with shared risk link group (SRLG) constraints. It is called the weighted-SRLG (WSRLG) scheme. It treats the number of SRLG members related to a link as part of the link cost when the k-shortest path algorithm is executed. In WSRLG, a link that has many SRLG members is rarely selected as the shortest path. Simulation results show that WSRLG finds more disjoint paths than the conventional k-shortest path algorithm. In addition, since WSRLG searches for the weight of the SRLG factor by using a binary search algorithm while satisfying the required number of disjoint paths between source and destination nodes so that the cost of a path set can be minimized, it can find the most cost-effective disjoint paths.
Generation of Nonclassical Motional States of a Trapped Atom (1996)

We report the creation of thermal, Fock, coherent, and squeezed states of motion of a harmonically bound ${}^{9}{\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ ion. The last three states are coherently prepared from an ion which has been initially laser cooled to the zero point of motion. The ion is trapped in the regime where the coupling between its motional and internal states, due to applied (classical) radiation, can be described by a Jaynes-Cummings-type interaction. With this coupling, the evolution of the internal atomic state provides a signature of the number state distribution of the motion.
Magnetic Fields of Twisted-Wire Pairs (1969)

On the basis of an expression given by Buchholz for the magnetic-vector potential for an infinitely long twisted-wire pair, the expressions for the external component-flux densities in cylindrical coordinates have been developed. These expressions checked very well with data obtained in the proximity of precisionwound twisted-wire pairs. A generalized graph for various radii and pitch lengths has been developed to enable the design engineer to quickly predict the strength of the magnetic field for all three spacial components at distances in the proximity of a twisted-wire pair.
Effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the differentiation of simian virus 40-infected human keratinocytes. (1982)

We have studied the effects of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes infected by the oncogenic virus Simian Virus 40. The cells in monolayers exposed to a concentration of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate as low as 5 X 10(-10) M redistributed into dense patches within 48 hr. This morphological change was accompanied by a 10- to 30-fold increase in the production of cells cytochemically stained by orange G:acid fuchsin indicating keratinization and a 2- to 3-fold increase in the exfoliation of cornified envelope-bearing cells. The induced cellular differentiation occurred in parallel with an inhibition of cell growth. The biologically inactive congener 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate at equimolar concentrations did not affect the growth or differentiation of these cells. Binding studies using [3H]12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate revealed a binding site with characteristics similar to those found for other cell types (Kd = 17 nM; 1.25 X 10(5) available sites/cell).
Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of 2'-Methyl-2 (2- Methyl-4-Hydroxy-5 -Isopropyl)- Phenyl-3 -Aryl-5'-H/ Methyl-4'-Thiazolidinones (1979)

Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, <em>Bhavnagar.</em> <em>Manuscript received 13 December 1977, revised 26 April 1978, accepted 30 August 1978</em> 4-Thiazolidinones were prepared by the action of thioglycolic acid or thiolectic acid on Schiff bases which were obtained from 4-acetothymol and different aromatic bases. The constitution was supported by uv and ir spectra. Products were screened for antimicrobial activity.
Effect of Captopril on the bradykinin‐induced release of prostacyclin from guinea‐pig lungs and bovine aortic endothelial cells (1988)

1. In guinea-pig isolated lungs perfused with Krebs solution, captopril (10 microM) inhibited the metabolism of bradykinin (Bk) and the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, as measured by bioassay. Captopril significantly enhanced Bk-stimulated output of prostacyclin. 2. In bovine aortic endothelial cells grown on microcarrier beads, captopril (10 microM) did not affect the release of prostacyclin or of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) induced by Bk. 3. Angiotensin I or angiotensin II did not release prostacyclin from guinea-pig isolated lungs or bovine aortic endothelial cells. They were also ineffective as releasers of EDRF from bovine aortic endothelial cells. 4. Thus, activation of angiotensin converting enzyme is not involved in the release of prostacyclin from guinea-pig isolated lungs or bovine aortic endothelial cells, or in release of EDRF from bovine aortic endothelial cells.
Study on the Characteristics of Electron Beam Dependent with the Structure of Wiggler in the Miniaturized Free Electron Laser Module (2011)

상업용 3-D simulation tool(OPERA)을 이용하여 슬릿형 위글러가 장착된 초소형 자유전자레이저 모듈에 있어서 위글러 구조에 따른 전자빔 특성을 조사하였다. 전자렌즈의 중앙 전극에 일정한 potential을 인가하여 전자빔이 평행빔이 되도록 divergence를 줄여서 위글러에 입사시켰으며 위글러의 구조 의존성에 따른 위글러 내부에서의 전기장과 potential 분포를 계산하여 위글러에서의 전자빔 궤적의 변화를 조사하였다. We have investigated the characteristics of the electron beam (e-beam) in the miniaturized free electron laser module by using the commercial 3D simulation tool OPERA. The e-beam was made parallel before entering the slit-type wiggler by the negative bias applied to the central electrode of the electron lens. With respect to the different structures of the wiggler, we obtained the inner distributions of the electrical potential and the electric field, which was, in turn, used to calculate the trajectory of the e-beam in the wiggler.
Photon correlation system for fluorescence lifetime measurements (1995)

The construction and testing of a dual-channel photon correlator is reported for the frequency domain imaging of fluorescence lifetimes using photon-counting detection. A light source modulated at radio frequency excites fluorescence, which is detected using an imaging single-photon detector. After discrimination, single-photon events are processed in parallel by the correlation circuit, the purpose of which is to allow both the mean phase delay and the demodulation of fluorescence to be calculated relative to a reference signal derived from the modulated excitation source. Outputs from the correlator are integrated in a computer, resulting in accumulation of images which have been statistically filtered by sine and cosine transforms, and which can be manipulated within the computer to generate a resultant image where contrast depends on fluorescence lifetime rather than fluorescence intensity.