gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Thioether Analogue of Conotoxin G1 (2003)

A bicyclic thioether analogue of alpha-conotoxin G1, a neurotoxin found in the venom of cone snails, was synthesized on solid phase. Two successive intramolecular on-bead cyclizations between a cysteine residue and a chloroacetylated reduced peptide bond are the key steps in the synthesis. The first reduced peptide bond was introduced by a reductive alkylation with a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protected amino aldehyde, and the second by coupling of a dipeptide building block containing an allyloxycarbonyl protected reduced peptide bond. The desired bicyclic product was obtained as a mixture of two isomers, which were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The two isomers were found to have IC(50) values (inhibitory activities) of 144 microM and 48 microM, compared to 0.18 microM for native conotoxin G1.
Principle of a Multistage Electroosmotic Pump and Its Application in Microfluidic Chip (2004)

In the past decade, a variety of microfabricated pumps and fluid-handling systems based on ultrasonic, electricity, light, magnet and heat actuated technologies were reported[1], which could be classified into two groups: membrane-displacement pumps and field-induced flow pumps. An advantage of field-induced flow pumps over the former is that they do not require moving parts, such as check valves which complicate the fabrication, sealing, and operation of the systems.……
Analysis of through-channel and cross-channel insertion loss in ferrite-wall multiple-circuit feedthrough capacitors (1959)

Through-channel and cross channel insertion losses of a new type of multiple-circuit feedthrough-capacitors, comprising ferrite walls and multiple ceramic-tubes, have been calculated to aid in determining means for optimizing in design the characteristics in the VHF-UHF range. Units designed on the basis of the analytical results are shown to have considerable advantages over earlier feedthrough units in their economic feasibility and improved characteristics.
Statistical Analysis of Non-stationary Series of Events in a Data Base System (1976)

Central problems in the performance evaluation of computer systems are the description of the behavior of the system and characterization of the workload. One approach to these problems comprises the interactive combination of data-analytic procedures with probability modeling. This paper describes methods, both old and new, for the statistical analysis of non-stationary univariate stochastic point processes and sequences of positive random variables. Such processes are frequently encountered in computer systems. As an illustration of the methodology an analysis is given of the stochastic point process of transactions initiated in a running data base system. On the basis of the statistical analysis, a non-homogeneous Poisson process model for the transaction initiation process is postulated for periods of high system activity and found to be an adequate characterization of the data. For periods of lower system activity, the transaction initiation process has a complex structure, with more clustering evident. Overall models of this type have application to the validation of proposed data base subsystem models.
MEMS IMU navigation with model based dead-reckoning and one-way-travel-time acoustic range measurements for autonomous underwater vehicles (2017)

Recent advances in acoustic navigation methodologies are enabling the way for AUVs to extend their submerged mission time and maintain a bounded XY position error. Additionally, advances in inertial sensor technology have drastically lowered the size, power consumption, and cost of these sensors. Nonetheless, these sensors are still noisy and accrue error over time. This thesis builds on the research and recent developments in single beacon one-waytravel-time (OWTT) acoustic navigation and investigates the degree of bounding position error for small AUVs with a minimal navigation strap-down sensor suite, relying mostly on a consumer grade microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a vehicle's dynamic model velocity. An implementation of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) that includes IMU bias estimation and coupled with a range filter, is obtained in the field on two OceanServer Technology, Inc. Iver2 AUVs and one Bluefin Robotics SandShark AUV. Results from these field trials on Ashumet Pond of Falmouth, Massachusetts, the Charles River of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Monterey Bay near Santa Cruz, California show a navigation solution accuracy comparable to current standard navigation techniques.
Oxidative metabolism of some hydrazine derivatives by rat liver and lung tissue fractions (1986)

The enzyme systems in rat liver and lung responsible for the oxidative metabolism of hydrazine derivatives were studied to determine whether these enzymes, cytochrome P-450 and monoamine oxidase, were responsible for metabolically activating hydrazines to carcinogenic/toxic metabolites. Cytochrome P-450 preferentially oxidized the nitrogen to nitrogen bond of 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines and hydrazides, while monoamine oxidase oxidized the nitrogen to nitrogen bond of all the classes of hydrazine derivatives that were tested. Oxidation of the nitrogen to nitrogen bond led to the formation of stable azo intermediates in the case of 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines and to unstable monoazo (diazene) metabolites in the case of monosubstituted hydrazines and hydrazides. In addition, cytochrome P-450 preferentially oxidized the carbon to nitrogen bond of monoalkylhydrazines; this reaction resulted in the formation of aldehyde metabolites (via hydrazone intermediates). Monosubstituted hydrazines were shown to be potent, irreversible inhibitors of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. In contrast, the 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines appeared to be good substrates for the monoamine oxidase and served as competitive inhibitors at high concentrations. There did not appear to be any monoamine oxidase isozyme (form A or B) specificity in the metabolism of either the 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines or the monoalkylhydrazines, ethyl- and n-propylhydrazine.
Platelet Aging In Vivo Is Associated with Activation of Apoptotic Pathways: Studies in a Model of Suppressed Thrombopoiesis in Dogs (2002)

The mechanism(s) involved in the clearance of senescent platelets are largely unknown. We have recently demonstrated that platelet aging in vivo is associated with loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry, a universal phenomenon in cells undergoing apoptosis. Thus, we postulated that senescent platelets may exhibit programmed cell death changes. which may trigger their removal from circulation. Since platelets contain the apoptosis machinery as well as mitochondria, a key organelle in the regulation of apoptosis, we studied the appearance of apoptotic-like changes during platelet aging in vivo. To investigate this, we assessed changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi) in circulating canine platelets during decline in platelet count after suppression of thrombopoiesis by estradiol injection, a validated model to obtain circulating platelets of increasing mean age. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was determined by flow cytometry by binding of FITC-labeled annexin V. Mitochondrial deltapsi was studied with the cationic lipophilic dye DIOC6 (3) and the J-aggregate-forming cation JC-1 and analysis by flow cytometry. The proportion of platelets with exposed PS rose significantly with age, from 2.88% before to 6.7%, 8 days after estradiol injection. By flow cytometry it was demonstrated a significant decreased in DIOC6 (3) fluorescence (median fluorescence intensity 791+/-98 vs 567+/-102 day 0 vs day 8 post injection of estradiol, respectively; n: 11; p <0.01), consistent with mitochondrial deltapsi collapse. JC-1 has the unique property of forming J-aggregates under high mitochondrial deltapsi (red fluorescence, FL2) whereas the monomeric form fluoresces in green (FL1). Aged platelets in vivo, loaded with JC-1, exhibited a significant increase in FL1/FL2 ratio (2.5+/-1.7 vs 4.7+/-1.6, day 0 vs day 8 post injection of estradiol, respectively; n: 13; p <0.05), confirming the mitochondrial deltapsi alteration. The results show that platelet aging in vivo is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial deltapsi and PS exposure. In conclusion, our data provide for the first time, evidence that platelet senescence is associated with changes characteristics of apoptosis, which may promote their removal from circulation.
Effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on platelet count and antiplatelet antibody disposition in a rat model of immune thrombocytopenia (2002)

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in a rat model of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Rats were pretreated with 0 to 2 g/kg IVIG and then challenged with an antiplatelet antibody (7E3, 8 mg/kg). IVIG effects on 7E3-induced thrombocytopenia and on 7E3 pharmacokinetics were determined. IVIG pretreatment led to significant changes in the degree and time-course of 7E3-induced thrombocytopenia (P = .031). Nadir percent platelet counts were 121% to 279% greater in animals treated with IVIG (0.4-2 g/kg) than in animals receiving 7E3 alone. IVIG treatment also led to dose-dependent increases in 7E3 clearance (P < .001), with more than 2-fold increases in 7E3 clearance seen following the highest dose of IVIG. In vitro experiments showed that IVIG effects on platelet count are not likely due to anti-idiotypic inhibition of 7E3-platelet binding and that IVIG did not directly bind to 7E3. Consequently, IVIG-7E3 binding cannot explain the increase of 7E3 clearance following IVIG treatment. We propose that the observed increase in 7E3 clearance with IVIG therapy is due to saturation of the FcRn salvage receptor for IgG. The importance of the effect of IVIG on 7E3 clearance to the prevention of thrombocytopenia in these animals is unclear at present; nonetheless, these data provide experimental support for a new mechanism of IVIG action in ITP (ie, IVIG-mediated increases in antiplatelet antibody elimination). This model of ITP will be useful for further investigations of IVIG mechanism of action and for development of new therapies for ITP.
Demographic recommendation by means of group profile elicitation using speaker age and gender recognition (2013)

In this paper we show a new method of using automatic age and gender recognition to recommend a sequence of multimedia items to a home TV audience comprising multiple viewers. Instead of relying on explicitly provided demographic data for each user, we define an audio-based demographic group profile that captures the age and gender for all members of the audience. A 7-class age and gender classifier employing a fusion of acoustic and prosodic features determines the probability of each speaker belonging to each class. The information for all speakers is then combined to form the group profile, which itself is the input to a recommender system. The recommender system finds the content items whose demographics best match the group profile. We tested the effectiveness of the system for several typical home audience configurations. In a survey, users were given a configuration and asked to rate a set of advertisements on how well each advertisement matched the configuration. Unbeknown to the subjects, half of the adverts were recommended using the derived audio demographics and the other half were randomly chosen. The recommended adverts received a significantly higher median rating of 7.75, as opposed to 4.25 for the randomly selected adverts.
Cell-free selection of RNA-binding proteins using in vitro compartmentalization (2008)

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) perform many essential functions in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. If we were able to engineer RBPs with new specificity, it would also become possible to develop new tools to control and investigate gene expression pathways. Molecular evolution methods such as phage display have been introduced to achieve this goal, but the large interface between these proteins and RNA relative to the size of library that can be constructed limits the efficacy of this method. In order to increase the diversity of libraries used for selection of RBPs, we applied the emulsion-based in vitro compartmentalization (IVC) method to select RBPs with defined specificity. A new approach was developed to link genotype and phenotype by fusing the target RBP to zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) that bind to a cognate DNA sequence inserted upstream of the promoter. The expressed fusion protein (ZFP-RBP) binds to its encoding DNA with high affinity via the ZFP target-binding site. After breaking the emulsion, the RBP can be selected based on its affinity for a biotinylated RNA bait. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method that should enable the selection of RBPs with new specificity or improved affinity.
Assessment of Follicle Destruction in Chemical-Induced Ovarian Toxicity (1996)

The ovary plays a pivotal role in the regulation of reproductive function in females. Development, maturation, and ovulation of oocytes occur within ovarian follicles. Females are born with a finite number of undeveloped, primordial follicles. Chemicals that destroy oocytes contained in these follicles can produce premature ovarian failure (menopause) because once a primordial follicle is destroyed, it cannot be replaced. This article focuses on chemicals that have been shown to destroy these small follicles in laboratory animals. An ovotoxic compound of particular interest is 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and its epoxide metabolites. The specific information discussed here relates to various aspects of VCH-inuced ovarian toxicity. This includes species specificity, disposition and metabolism, direct follicular effects, bioactivity of metabolites, and long-term responses to exposure. Using these studies as a model approach, a method for evaluation of the ovotoxic potential of other chemicals can be designed.
Über die Inhaltsstoffe von <i>Salvia off</i> L., XIII. Die Struktur des Pikrosalvins, eines Diterpen‐o‐diphenol‐lactons aus dem Salbeiblatt (1962)

Abstract Pikrosalvin, ein im Blatt von Salvia off . enthaltener Bitterstoff, ist ein teilaromatisches Diterpen der Summenformel C 20 H 26 O 4 . Es enthält eine Lactongruppierung und. zum Unterschied von ähnlichen Verbindungen, eine ‐o‐Diphenolstruktur.
Allylruthenium(<scp>IV</scp>) Complexes as Highly Efficient ROMP Catalysts (1996)

First activate, then polymerize. This is the way that ruthenium complexes such as 1 can be used to catalyze the ring-opening metathesis polymerization efficiently. Diazoalkanes serve as activating agents and depending on their substitution pattern subequivalent or excess amounts are required. When ethyl diazoacetate is used, turnover frequency values above 105 h−1 have been achieved in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene.
Multistream hybrid in band on channel FM systems for digital audio broadcasting (1999)

New approaches to hybrid in band on channel (HIBOC) FM systems for digital audio broadcasting based on multistream transmission methodology and multidescriptive audio coding techniques are introduced. These ideas combined with a lower per sideband audio coding rate and more powerful channel codes result in robust transmission and graceful degradation in variable interference channels. By also using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing techniques with a nonuniform power profile combined with unequal error protection and sideband time diversity, we arrive at new HIBOC FM schemes with extended coverage and better peak audio quality than previously proposed. The paper provides approximate performance analysis for potential systems including audio coding quality.
Lightning Protection Guidelines for Aerospace Vehicles (1999)

This technical memorandum provides lightning protection engineering guidelines and technical procedures used by the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch for aerospace vehicles. The overviews illustrate the technical support available to project managers, chief engineers, and design engineers to ensure that aerospace vehicles managed by MSFC are adequately protected from direct and indirect effects of lightning. Generic descriptions of the lightning environment and vehicle protection technical processes are presented. More specific aerospace vehicle requirements for lightning protection design, performance, and interface characteristics are available upon request to the MSFC Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch, mail code EL23.
Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation (2016)

Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. Here, a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO is designed and prepared. BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation.
Controlling DNA Tug-of-War in a Dual Nanopore Device (2018)

Methods for reducing and directly controlling the speed of DNA through a nanopore are needed to enhance sensing performance for direct strand sequencing and detection/mapping of sequence-specific features. We have created a method for reducing and controlling the speed of DNA that uses two independently controllable nanopores operated with an active control logic. The pores are positioned sufficiently close to permit co-capture of a single DNA by both pores. Once co-capture occurs, control logic turns on constant competing voltages at the pores leading to a `tug-of-war' whereby the molecule is pulled from both ends by opposing forces. These forces exert both conformational and speed control over the co-captured molecule, removing folds and reducing the translocation rate. When the voltages are tuned so that the electrophoretic force applied to both ends of the molecule comes into balance, the life-time of the tug-of-war state is limited purely by diffusive sliding of the DNA between the pores. We are able to produce a tug-of-war state on 76.8% of molecules that are captured with a maximum two-order of magnitude increase in average pore translocation time relative to the average time for single-pore translocation. Moreover, we quantify the translocation slow-down as a function of voltage tuning and show that the slow-down is well described by a first passage analysis for a one-dimensional sub-diffusive process. The ionic current of each nanopore provides an independent sensor that synchronously measures a different region of the same molecule, enabling sequential detection of physical labels, such as mono-streptavidin tags. With advances in devices and control logic, future dual-pore applications include genome mapping and enzyme-free sequencing.
Terahertz Deep Learning Computed Tomography (2019)

We present a supervised terahertz deep learning computed tomography (THz DL-CT) system, which offers superior image quality compared with conventional THz CT method evaluated by 3D printed objects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a THz DL-CT system capable of visualizing hidden objects with multi-material systems.
A novel approach for tuberculosis screening based on deep convolutional neural networks (2016)

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major global health threats especially in developing countries. Although newly diagnosed TB patients can be recovered with high cure rate, many curable TB patients in the developing countries are obliged to die because of delayed diagnosis, partly by the lack of radiography and radiologists. Therefore, developing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for TB screening can contribute to early diagnosis of TB, which results in prevention of deaths from TB. Currently, most CAD algorithms adopt carefully designed morphological features distinguishing different lesion types to improve screening performances. However, such engineered features cannot be guaranteed to be the best descriptors for TB screening. Deep learning has become a majority in machine learning society. Especially in computer vision fields, it has been verified that deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) is a very promising algorithm for various visual tasks. Since deep CNN enables end-to-end training from feature extraction to classification, it does not require objective-specific manual feature engineering. In this work, we designed CAD system based on deep CNN for automatic TB screening. Based on large-scale chest X-rays (CXRs), we achieved viable TB screening performance of 0.96, 0.93 and 0.88 in terms of AUC for three real field datasets, respectively, by exploiting the effect of transfer learning.
Brainstorm: A User-Friendly Application for MEG/EEG Analysis (2011)

Brainstorm is a collaborative open-source application dedicated to magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) data visualization and processing, with an emphasis on cortical source estimation techniques and their integration with anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The primary objective of the software is to connect MEG/EEG neuroscience investigators with both the best-established and cutting-edge methods through a simple and intuitive graphical user interface (GUI).
Ultradrawing behavior of one- and two-stage drawn gel films of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and low molecular weight polyethylene blends (1998)

The ultradrawing behavior of gel films of plain ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and UHMWPE/low molecular weight polyethylene (LMWPE) blends was investigated using one- and two-stage drawing processes. The drawability of these gel films were found to depend significantly on the temperatures used in the one- and two-stage drawing processes. The critical draw ratio (λc) of each gel film prepared near its critical concentration was found to approach a maximum value, when the gel film was drawn at an “optimum” temperature ranging from 95 to 105°C. At each drawing temperature, the one-stage drawn gel films exhibited an abrupt change in their birefringence and thermal properties as their draw ratios reached about 40. In contrast, the critical draw ratios of the two-stage drawn gel films can be further improved to be higher than those of the corresponding single-stage drawn gel films, in which the two-stage drawn gel films were drawn at another “optimum” temperature in the second drawing stage after they had been drawn at 95°C to a draw ratio of 40 in the first drawing stage. These interesting phenomena were investigated in terms of the reduced viscosities of the solutions, thermal analysis, birefringence, and tensile properties of the drawn and undrawn gel films. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 149–159, 1998