gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated inspection of textile fabrics using textural models (1991)

The authors discuss the problem of textile fabric inspection using the visual textural properties of the fabric. The problem is to detect and locate the various kinds of defects that might be present in a given fabric sample based on an image of the fabric. Stochastic models are used to model the visual fabric texture. The authors use the Gaussian Markov random field to model the texture image of nondefective fabric. The inspection problem is cast as a statistical hypothesis testing problem on statistics derived from the model. The image of the fabric patch to be inspected is partitioned into nonoverlapping windows of size N*N where each window is classified as defective or nondefective based on a likelihood ratio test of size alpha . The test is recast in terms of the sufficient statistics associated with the model parameters. The sufficient statistics are easily computable for any sample. The authors generalize the test when the model parameters of the fabric are assumed to be unknown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Colonisation by <i><scp>F</scp>aecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> and maintenance of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (2013)

Defective gut colonisation by F. prausnitzii occurred in UC patients during remission and in their unaffected relatives. The recovery of the F. prausnitzii population after relapse is associated with maintenance of clinical remission.
Radon-Based Image Processing In A Parallel Pipeline Architecture (1986)

This paper deals with a novel architecture that makes real-time projection-based algorithms a reality. The design is founded on raster-mode processing, which is exploited in a powerful and flexible pipeline. This architecture, dubbed P3 E ( Parallel Pipeline Projection Engine), supports a large variety of image processing and image analysis applications. The image processing applications include: discrete approximations of the Radon and inverse Radon transform, among other projection operators; CT reconstructions; 2-D convolutions; rotations and translations; discrete Fourier transform computations in polar coordinates; autocorrelations; etc. There is also an extensive list of key image analysis algorithms that are supported by P E, thus making it a profound and versatile tool for projection-based computer vision. These include: projections of gray-level images along linear patterns (the Radon transform) and other curved contours; generation of multi-color digital masks; convex hull approximations; Hough transform approximations for line and curve detection; diameter computations; calculations of moments and other principal components; etc. The effectiveness of our approach and the feasibility of the proposed architecture have been demonstrated by running some of these image analysis algorithms in conventional short pipelines, to solve some important automated inspection problems. In the present paper, we will concern ourselves with reconstructing images from their linear projections, and performing convolutions via the Radon transform.
Analysis of mannoproteins from blastoconidia and hyphae of Candida albicans with a common epitope recognized by anti-complement receptor type 2 antibodies (1993)

Mannoproteins of approximately 50 kDa from blastoconidia and 60 kDa from hyphae of Candida albicans reacted in Western blots (immunoblots) with either a polyclonal rabbit antiserum (CA-7) or a monoclonal antibody (CA-A) to the C. albicans C3d-binding protein (complement receptor type 2). The glycosylated nature of these proteins was demonstrated by their reactivity with concanavalin A and by selective labeling with the biotin-hydrazide reagent following periodate oxidation. Differences in the oligosaccharides of these proteins were observed in regard to their reactivity with lectin-peroxidase reagents and sensitivity to glycosidases such as N-glycanase or endoglycosidase F (but not endoglycosidase H). The 60-kDa mannoprotein reacted with wheat germ agglutinin, while the 50-kDa mannoprotein did not. Treatment of the 60-kDa mannoprotein with the glycosidases mentioned above resulted in its conversion into a species of 40 to 45 kDa. Enzyme treatment had no obvious effect on the electrophoretic mobility of the 50-kDa species from blastoconidia. Both the 50- and 60-kDa glycoproteins remained immunoreactive after treatment with the glycosidases. Reactivities of the two mannoproteins to neuraminidase also differed. Finally, the 50-kDa (blastoconidia) and the 60-kDa (hyphae) mannoproteins were purified by using ion-exchange chromatography and electroelution. The purified proteins differed in net charge, the 60-kDa species having a more acidic pI. Functional activity of the purified mannoproteins was demonstrated, as each inhibited the rosetting of antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes conjugated with iC3b or C3d by hyphae. Thus, an epitope(s) common to both a mycelial and blastoconidial mannoprotein is associated with a structurally different oligosaccharide for each growth form.
Cloning and molecular characterization of a class A lysophosphatidate acyltransferase gene (<scp><i>E</i></scp><i>p</i><scp><i>LPAT</i></scp><i>2</i>) from <i>Echium</i> (<scp>B</scp>oraginaceae) (2013)

Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAT) catalyzes the incorporation of acyl groups into the sn‐2 position of lysophosphatidate (LPA) rendering phosphatidic acid (PA), a key intermediary in the synthesis of phospholipids (PLs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs). It is considered as a highly selective activity and a strong determinant of fatty acid (FA) composition of membranes and reserve glycerolipids in diverse plants. In this work, we have cloned a gene encoding the microsomal class A LPAT (LPAT2) from Echium pitardii (Boraginaceae), a species that accumulates high levels of long chain polyunsaturated FAs (LCPUFAs) in the seed oil. The Echium gene ( EpLPAT2 ) is ubiquitously expressed in diverse organs of the plant, although the transcript level is increased in those tissues with a higher α‐linolenic acid (18:3n3) content. Functionality of EpLPAT2 was proven by complementation of a LPAT defective mutant of Escherichia coli ( plsC ), and by a biochemical assay of the expressed enzyme in membrane extracts. Acyl‐CoA specificity recorded for EpLPAT2, using oleoyl‐LPA (18:1‐LPA) as acyl‐acceptor, shows a clear preference for unsaturated acyl substrates, with 18:3n3‐CoA being used at similarly high rates as 18:1‐CoA. Overexpression of EpLPAT2 in yeast increased FA content, and modified the FA profile of membrane lipids in agreement to the in vitro specificity. Practical applications: One can envisage that overexpression of EpLPAT2 in transgenic plants, either alone or in combination with other genes could increase seed oil content. Moreover, the observed specificity of EpLPAT2 might be a useful characteristic in tailoring of a plant engineered for LCPUFA‐enriched oil.
Cathode work function, sparking potentials and secondary ionization coefficients for oxide-coated cathodes in hydrogen (1959)

The Kelvin vibrating electrode technique has been applied to measure the contact potential difference between oxide-coated cathodes and a gold reference surface in the presence of hydrogen. Special high vacuum (Alpert) techniques were used to ensure high gas purity. By the use of both calcium oxide and barium oxide cathodes, in various states of activation, it was possible to obtain a range of work function from 1.4 to 3.6 eV. Paschen curves were plotted for each of these oxide cathodes at room temperature, and minimum sparking potentials and secondary ionization coefficients were determined. A linear relation was found between the cathode work function and the minimum sparking potential. The slope of this line indicated that a 1 eV change in work function corresponded to a change of 55 V in the minimum sparking potential. The slope of the line was confirmed by independent work function measurements using the graph of the Richardson thermionic equation. The curves (ω/α) v (E/p) showed a rapid increase in ω/α with decreasing values of E/p at E/p < 100 V/cm mm of mercury.
A Quality-Centric TCP-Friendly Congestion Control for Multimedia Transmission (2012)

In this paper, we propose a quality-centric congestion control for multimedia streaming over wired IP networks, which we refer to as media-TCP-friendly congestion control (MTCC). Our solution adapts the sending rate to both the network condition and the application characteristics by explicitly considering the distortion impacts, delay deadlines, and interdependencies of different video packet classes. The media-aware solution is able to provide differential services for transmitting various packet classes and thereby, further improves the multimedia streaming quality compared to the conventional network-aware congestion control. We use finite-horizon Markov decision process (FHMDP) to determine the optimal congestion control policy that maximizes the long-term multimedia quality, while adhering to the horizon- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$K$</tex></formula> TCP-friendliness constraint, which ensures long-term fairness with existing TCP applications. Moreover, the proposed MTCC is able to achieve quality-based fairness among multimedia users. We derive sufficient conditions for multiple multimedia users to achieve quality-based fairness using MTCC congestion control. Note that the proposed solution only modifies the adaptation mechanism of the TCP congestion window size at the sender, without changing the design at the receiver side (i.e., each current TCP receiver can correctly receive and process MTCC streams). Our simulation results show that MTCC achieves more than 3 dB improvement in terms of PSNR over the conventional TCP congestion control approaches, with the largest improvements observed for real-time streaming applications requiring stringent playback delays.
Cytochrome c: a non‐invasive biomarker of drug‐induced liver injury (2008)

Limitations of existing biomarkers to detect liver injury in experimental animals highlight the need for additional tools to predict human toxicity. The utility of cytochrome c (cyt c) as a biomarker in serum and urine was evaluated in two rodent liver injury models. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats treated with acetaminophen or D-galactosamine (GalN) showed dose- and time-dependent histomorphological changes and TUNEL staining in liver consistent with hepatocellular necrosis, apoptosis and inflammation up to 72 h. Matching changes in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and cyt c peaked at 24 h for either drug at the highest dose, cyt c falling rapidly at 48 hours with ALT and AST remained high. Intracellular transit of cyt c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in damaged hepatocytes, and then to peripheral circulation, was observed by immunohistochemistry. Correlation coefficients between cyt c and serum diagnostic tests indicate the liver to be the primary source of cyt c. Urinary analysis for cyt c revealed time-dependent increase at 6 h, peaking at 24 h in GalN-treated rats in contrast with irregular patterns of urinary ALT and AST activity. Histological changes detected at 6 h preceded altered ALT, AST and cyt c at 12 and 18 h, respectively, in GalN-treated rats. These studies demonstrate cyt c to be a useful indicator of hepatic injury in rodents and support its utility as a non-invasive predictor of drug-induced hepatotoxicity, when utilized as a potential urinary biomarker.
GaAs-based opto-thyristor for pulsed power applications (1990)

An optically gated GaAs bipolar junction thyristor, with a semi-insulating base layer, has been studied, and the characteristics of the device as a pulsed power switch are presented. The maximum DC blocking voltage of the device was larger than 800 V, the maximum peak current in pulsed mode was higher than 300 AA, and the current rate of rise was better than 1.5*10/sup 10/ A/s. These results demonstrate that GaAs-based junction devices have significant potential as switching elements for pulsed power systems requiring very fast closing times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective filling of photonic crystal fibres (2005)

A model for calculating the time necessary for filling one or more specific holes in a photonic crystal fibre is made. This model is verified for water, and its enabling potential is illustrated by a polymer application. Selective filling of the core in an air-guide photonic crystal fibre is demonstrated for a polymer and for water. Launching light into such a hybrid-material core proves to be very easily done. Finally, a scheme for enabling access to the core alone, by use of a fusion splicer, is presented.
Hydroformylation of Limonene (1973)

Hydroformylation of limonene has been studied using cobalt carbonyl and rhodium carbonyl catalysts under “oxo reaction” conditions. The aimed β- (4-methyl-Δ3-cyclohexenyl) -butylaldehyde was obtained with theoretical yields of 42 and 52% based on limonene by using bis- (cobalt tricarbonyl tributylphosphine) complex and rhodium carbonyl catalysts, respectively, and the following by-products were isolated and identified from IR, NMR and mass spectral data : 8, 10-dihydro-limonene, 1-hydro-2-formyl-limonene, α- (4-methyl-Δ3-cyclohexenyl) -dimethyl acetaldehyde and β- (3-formyl-4-methyl-cyclohexyl) -butylaldehyde.
Model for predicting paleoproductivity and source rock distribution (1989)

The capability of a three-dimensional climate model to predict upwelling and productivity and to evaluate other environmental factors that would influence preservation of organic material is systematically evaluated by the following steps. (1) Correlations between present-day wind-driven upwelling and productivity are determined using global data sets for each variable. Poor correlations exit in the open ocean and in areas of seasonal sea-ice cover. Excellent correlations are found in coastal regions. (2) The capability of the model to predict present-day upwelling is determined. Approximately 80% of the model predictions are confirmed by observations. (3) The differences between predictions for the present-day seasonal cycle and the Cretaceous seasonal cycle are evaluated. Especially in considering seasonal upwelling, the Cretaceous predictions are markedly different from the present-day predictions. (4) The Cretaceous predictions were tested using upwelling and high productivity indicators. The Cretaceous predictions are accurate in 90% of the cases where data are available for comparison. (5) Freshwater runoff and storm tracks predicted by the model are used to eliminate areas of predicted upwelling that may not be conducive to preservation. Evaluation and testing of the model have proven highly successful and suggest this model is ready to become an additional applied tool inmore » source rock prediction.« less
Surface p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> of Saturated Carboxylic Acids at the Air/Water Interface: A Quantum Chemical Approach (2020)

In the present study a theoretical approach is proposed for the pKa estimation of monolayers at the air/water interface on the basis of saturated carboxylic acids. This model involves calculating only the Gibbs energies of formation and dimerization of carboxylic acid associates in the neutral and dissociated forms, as well as the corresponding monomers in the water and gas phases. The model does not require the construction of any thermodynamic cycles. The calculations are performed using semiempirical quantum chemical methods PM3 and PM6 within the framework of the conductor-like screening model for monomers and dimers of carboxylic acids CnH2n+1COOH (n = 6–16). It is shown that the minimum clusterization Gibbs energy corresponds to associates with the degree of dissociation α = 0.5. A relationship is derived between the surface and bulk pKa values. In particular, it follows from this that, unlike the bulk pKa, the surface pKa depends on the alkyl chain length of the surfactant. It is due to the difference between the solvation energies of the alkyl chains of the corresponding neutral and dissociated monomers. Thus, the calculated data show that the lengthening of the carboxylic acid chain by one CH2 fragment leads to an increase in the surface pKa by 0.43 units. The obtained results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
A Procedure for Upscaling a Complex Fractured Reservoir using Near-Well Refinement (2012)

Abstract Classical fracture upscaling techniques are usually based on numerical or analytical solutions which can present some problems to capture the near-well flow behavior, leading to wrong well productivity index. In addition, grid cell size must be chosen carefully to maintain both connectivity and permeability tensor of fracture network in a reasonable simulation computational time. This paper proposes a near-well refinement in conjunction with a classic fracture upscaling technique in order to improve the accuracy of well productivity. The matrix porous media is respected to a microbial carbonate reservoir where discrete fractured network is composed by diffuse fracture pattern (small-scale fractures) and sub-seismic conductive fractures that strongly affect fluid flow. Fracture network density was defined using lithology as control driver. In this work, a dual-porosity system with a block cell size smaller than diffuse fractures was used as reference model (fine grid) for the upscaling method due to its quality to reproduce properly the connectivity between diffuse and sub-seismic fractures. The fracture upscaling method based on Oda's solution (Oda, 1985) was applied to a coarser model defined by near-well refinements, which capture the fine grid fracture properties near-well. Homogeneous petrophysical matrix is applied in order to isolate the matrix heterogeneity effects. It was possible to adjust the main reservoir parameters (field average pressure, oil recovery factor and water cut) and advanced water front. The fine grid simulation time was drastically reduced using the proposed procedure.
Combined restriction landmark genomic scanning and virtual genome scans identify a novel human homeobox gene, <i>ALX3,</i> that is hypermethylated in neuroblastoma (2002)

Restriction landmark genome scanning (RLGS) allows comparative analysis of several thousand DNA fragments in the genome and provides a means to identify CpG islands that are altered in tumor cells as a result of amplification, deletion, or methylation changes. We have developed a novel informatics tool, designated virtual genome scan (VGS), that makes it possible to predict automatically the sequence of fragments in RLGS patterns by matching to the human genome sequence. A combination of RLGS and VGS was utilized to identify changes of chromosome 1-derived fragments in neuroblastoma. A NotI-EcoRV fragment was found to be absent frequently in neuroblastoma cell line RLGS patterns. Sequence prediction by VGS as well as cloning of the fragment showed that it contained a CpG island that is part of the human orthologue of the hamster homeobox gene Alx3. Expression analysis in a panel of human and mouse tissues showed predominant expression of ALX3 in brain tissue. Methylation-sensitive sequence analysis of the promoter region in neuroblastoma cell lines indicated that methylation of specific sequences correlated with repression of the ALX3 gene. Expression was re-induced after treatment with the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Promoter methylation analysis of ALX3 in primary neuroblastoma tumors, using methylation-sensitive polymerase chain reaction, found preferential ALX3 methylation in advanced-stage tumors. The VGS approach we have implemented in combination with RLGS is useful for the identification of genomic CpG island-related methylation changes or deletions in cancer.
The transmission of a low-frequency magnetic field into a metal (1998)

An oscillating magnetic dipole at the centre of a spherical metallic shell is considered. The vector potential in all three regions is evaluated, and hence expressions for the attenuation and phase change caused by the metal are deduced. They are very different from the predictions of a simple theory based on the propagation of a plane electromagnetic wave through a metal. A simple experiment is given, in which a large metal sheet is placed between two coils. The results for attenuation and phase change, although strictly not applicable directly, tend to support the theory.
The Design of High-Speed and Low Power Consumption Bidirection Viterbi Decoder (2006)

In this paper, a scheme based on Verilog language to implement the high-speed and low power consumption bidirectional Viterbi decoder is proposed. Take the (2, 1, 8) decoder for example, the process of how to optimize the decoder is analyzed in detail. The simulation results of the decoder are obtained on Cadence NC Simulator, and they can be provided to Synopsys DC synthesis for ASIC design. Experiment results show that, on the one hand, by decoding in both positive direction and reverse direction, the delay of the Viterbi decoder introduced in this paper is half of the unilateralism decoder, and the decoding speed is greatly improved. On the other hand, by optimizing the area, storage space and the accessing times of memory, the cost of bidirectional decoding is largely reduced and the low power consumption is achieved at the same time