gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of deoxyhalogeno sugars. Displacement of the (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)oxy (triflyl) group by halide ion (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of deoxyhalogeno sugars. Displacement of the (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)oxy (triflyl) group by halide ionRoger W. Binkley, Michael G. Ambrose, and David G. HehemannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 22, 4387–4391Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01310a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01310a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views845Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ABC drug transporters and immunity: novel therapeutic targets in autoimmunity and cancer (2009)

ABC transporters were identified originally for their contribution to clinical MDR as a result of their capacity to extrude various unrelated cytotoxic drugs. More recent reports have shown that ABC transporters can play important roles in the development, differentiation, and maturation of immune cells and are involved in migration of immune effector cells to sites of inflammation. Many of the currently identified, endogenous ABC transporter substrates have immunostimulating effects. Increasing the expression of ABC transporters on immune cells and thereby enhancing immune cell development or functionality may be beneficial to immunotherapy in the field of oncology. On the contrary, in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, blockade of these transporters may prove beneficial, as it could dampen disease activity by compromising immune effector cell functions. This review will focus on the expression, regulation, and substrate specificity of ABC transporters in relation to functional activities of immune effector cells and discusses implications for the treatment of cancer on the one hand and autoimmune diseases on the other.
MMTIC 에 따른 초등학생의 성격유형과 자기효능감 , 정신건강 , 여가활동의 차이에 대한 연구 (1999)

본 연구는 MMTIC에 따른 초등학생의 성격유형과 자기효능감, 정신건강, 여가활동의 차이를 살펴 초등학생의 심리 · 행동적 특성을 규명하고자 하는 연구이다. 우선, 문헌조사를 통하여 초등학생의 성격유형과 심리 · 행동적 특성의 차이를 살펴보았다. 둘째, MMTIC의 자기효능감, 정신건강, 여가활동 질문지를 초등학교 6학년 학생 970명에게 실시한 후 질문지의 하위변인과 신뢰도를 검증한 결과 MMTIC은 외향(E)-내향(I)의 척도만이 .74로서 신뢰도가 높았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 외향(E)과 내향(I)의 척도만을 사용하였다. 셋째, 성격유형(E-I)과 자기효능감, 정신건강, 여가활동의 차이를 t검증 방법으로 분석한 결과 성격유형(E-I)에 따라 자기효능감은 차이가 있었다. 즉 초등학생은 외향성학생이 내향성 학생에 비해 여가시간활용, 주위사람 기대일치, 자기주장, 사회성, 관계, 자기조절학습, 자기조절 동기에 대한 효능감이 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 그러나 주목할 만한 사실은 초등학생의 학업성취 효능감은 외향성 학생과 내향성 학생간의 차이가 없었다. 넷째, 성격유형에 따라 정신건강은 차이가 있었다. 즉, 외향성 학생이 내향성 학생에 비해 생활만족도가 높고, 내향성 학생은 외향성 학생에 비해 스트레스를 더 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 성격유형에 따라 여가활동은 차이가 있었다. 즉, 외향성 학생이 내향성 학생에 비해 건전한 여가활동을 더 적극적으로 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Development of a Method for Crustacean Allergens Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2015)

An LC/MS/MS analysis method was developed for crustacean allergens, tropomyosin, and arginine kinase. A protein extract from shrimp was reduced, alkylated, and digested by trypsin. Peptide spectra were obtained using full scan analysis by LC/MS/MS, and we determined a sequence through a protein search. 22ADTLEQQNK30, 92IQLLEEDLER101, 113LAEASQAADESER125, 134SLSDEER140, 153FLAEEADR160, and 190IVELEEELR198 of tropomyosin and 152VSSTLSSLEGELK164 and 217TFLVWVNEEDHLR229 of arginine kinase were selected as the specific peptides, and optimal multiple-reaction monitoring conditions were used. The results obtained through the LC/MS/MS analysis correlated well with those using the ELISA method for various crustacean samples (r2>0.9). Moreover, unregulated species, such as krill or insects, which produce positive results in some crustacean ELISA assays, can be differentiated by LC/MS/MS. These findings suggest that LC/MS/MS analysis may be effective for crustacean food allergen analysis.
Improved hole mobilities and thermal stability in a strained-Si∕strained-Si1−yGey∕strained-Si heterostructure grown on a relaxed Si1−xGex buffer (2005)

A dual channel heterostructure consisting of strained-Si∕strained-Si1−yGey on a relaxed Si1−xGex buffer (y&gt;x), provides a platform for fabricating metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors with high hole mobilities. Ge outdiffusion during high temperature processing steps from the strained-Si1−yGey layer into the relaxed Si1−xGex buffer reduces the hole mobilities in these heterostructures. We present a strained-Si∕strained-Si1−yGey∕strained-Si heterostructure on relaxed Si1−xGex, in which the strained-Si layer between the strained-Si1−yGey and relaxed Si1−xGex reduces Ge outdiffusion. Improved hole mobilities in this heterostructure are also observed over similar dual channel heterostructures which could be a result of better hole confinement in the strained-Si1−yGey layer of the proposed heterostructure.
Implementation of an object-oriented query language system with remote procedure call interface (2002)

A discussion is given on the implementation of a database query language subsystem and its programming interface with the multimedia database system. The aim of the developing database system is to provide high level extensibility and customizability to support various applications. The authors provide a set of functions of OODB as an extensible toolkit called from application programming languages. An SQL-like query language for OODB query function is based on this toolkit. The language system is mainly for ad-hoc query application. One of the features of the language system is to provide RPC (remote procedure call) based programming interface for method call and query processing. Client-sever model is used for remote database accesses. The database toolkit is also implemented using RPC interface and used to customize several levels of DBMS functions. OODB management can provide a good environment for sharing and reusing of tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic transcription of voicemail at AT&T (2002)

Reports on the automatic transcription accuracy of voicemail messages. It shows that vocal tract length normalization and adaptation using linear transformations, proven to improve accuracy on the Switchboard task, provide similar accuracy improvements on this task. Direct application of the normalization techniques is complicated by the fragmentation of the data. However, unsupervised clustering was found to be effective in ensuring robust estimation of normalization parameters. Variance adaptation resulted in larger accuracy improvements than adaptation of only mean parameters, probably due to a large variability in channel conditions. The use of semi-tied covariances provides additional gains over using speaker and channel normalization. The combined gain of using various compensation techniques improves the system word error rate from 34.9% for the baseline system to 28.7%.
Design of a distributed programming platform for parallel computation in a network of workstations (2003)

A programming platform that can gain the processing power of a network of idle workstations for distributed processing is presented. It allows users in a workstation to develop and execute distributed applications. Job scheduling is automatically performed. With this platform, users can make use of a simple parallel programming model to develop a parallel program and run it in a network of workstations. This platform eliminates low-level programming tasks such as process synchronization, protocol handling and error recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies in useful hard x-ray photochemistry: decomposition of potassium halates (2014)

We performed a systematic study of radiation-induced decomposition rates of KClO3, KClO4, KBrO3 and KIO3 in glass capillaries using the monochromatic x-ray. We also performed a complementary white beam x-ray study to verify the presence of molecular oxygen released from the acatalytic, isothermal chemical reactions initiated by hard x-rays using a diamond anvil cell to seal the samples. The aim of these studies entailed better-understanding the effect of oxygen-oxygen distance and oxygen multiplicity in determining the x-ray induced decomposition rate of potassium halates to aid useful hard x-ray induced chemistry. The observed decomposition rate appears to strongly and inversely correlate with O-O distance which suggests that ionization events of oxygen atoms from the halate groups occur nearly simultaneously and irreversible chemical reaction of two ionized oxygen radicals occurs with a higher probability when they are closer to one another.
The kinetics of aminolysis of acyl halides (1993)

The morphinolysis of benzoyl fluoride in various non-hydroxylic solvents exhibits a kinetic form containing both first- and second-order terms in morpholine, a result suggesting that general-base catalysis in the aminolysis of acyl halides may be more common than previously assumed.
Cysteine metabolism and metal toxicity. (1998)

Chronic, low level exposure to toxic metals is an increasing global problem. The symptoms associated with the slow accumulation of toxic metals are multiple and rather nondescript, and overt expression of toxic effects may not appear until later in life. The sulfhydryl-reactive metals (mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic) are particularly insidious and can affect a vast array of biochemical and nutritional processes. The primary mechanisms by which the sulfhydryl-reactive metals elicit their toxic effects are summarized. The pro-oxidative effects of the metals are compounded by the fact that the metals also inhibit antioxidative enzymes and deplete intracellular glutathione. The metals also have the potential to disrupt the metabolism and biological activities of many proteins due to their high affinity for free sulfhydryl groups. Cysteine has a pivotal role in inducible, endogenous detoxication mechanisms in the body, and metal exposure taxes cysteine status. The protective effects of glutathione and the metallothioneins are discussed in detail. Basic research pertaining to the transport of toxic metals into the brain is summarized, and a case is made for the use of hydrolyzed whey protein to support metal detoxification and neurological function. Metal exposure also affects essential element status, which can further decrease antioxidation and detoxification processes. Early detection and treatment of metal burden is important for successful detoxification, and optimization of nutritional status is paramount to the prevention and treatment of metal toxicity.
Suppression of Quantization-Induced Convergence Error in Pipelined ADCs With Harmonic Distortion Correction (2012)

Harmonic Distortion Correction (HDC) is one of two published digital background calibration techniques that compensate for residue amplifier nonlinearity in pipelined ADCs. The techniques make it possible to reduce the gains and bandwidths, and therefore the power dissipations, of the op-amps that make up the residue amplifiers without sacrificing pipelined ADC accuracy. Unfortunately, the previously published techniques fail to operate properly when they measure residue amplifier distortion for certain pipelined ADC input signals, most notably input signals with small peak-to-peak variations about certain constant values. This paper identifies the cause of the problem, quantifies its effects, and provides an all-digital solution applicable to the HDC technique.
Demand Forecasting of Anti-Aircraft Missile Spare Parts Using Neural Network (2019)

One of the major hurdles today is maintaining the right amount of stock keeping units since it may lead to under utilization or over utilization. Spare parts play a very vital role in any inventory or industrial companies. The importance of spare parts can be identified by their sizeable amount and their impact on business operations. One of the major industries today is aircraft industry which includes some of the most fundamental factors like increasing terrorist activities across the world, rising request for technologically robust anti-aircraft missiles and the growing defense funds of emerging countries. Inventory needs to keep an eye on these activities so as to estimate the future consumption. In this study, the dataset used is that of Vietnam War Bombing Operations .The proposed modeling involved- the aircraft name along with its unit of issue, how many spare parts are exhausted and how many are remaining. This helps in finding out the quantity required for demanding the exhausted spare parts by maintaining the budget .The trial about Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) and XGBoost demonstrates effectiveness in terms of time and memory which is the ultimate aim to improve the precision in terms of demand accuracy.
Quantification of Active Sites for the Determination of Methanol Oxidation Turn-over Frequencies Using Methanol Chemisorption and in Situ Infrared Techniques. 1. Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts (2001)

Methanol oxidation over metal oxide catalysts is industrially important for the production of formaldehyde, but knowledge about the intrinsic catalysis taking place is often obscured by a lack of knowledge as to the number of active sites present on the catalyst surface. In the present study, the number of surface sites active in methanol oxidation has been determined over a wide range of supported metal oxide catalysts using quantitative methanol chemisorption and in-situ infrared titration techniques performed at an experimentally optimized temperature of 110 °C. It was found that a steric limitation of about 0.3 methoxylated surface species (e.g., strongly Lewis-bound CH3OHads and dissociatively adsorbed −OCH3,ads, which are the reactive surface intermediates in methanol oxidation) exists per active deposited metal oxide metal atom across all supported metal oxides. Hence, the use of methanol chemisorption for counting active surface sites is more realistic than other site-counting methods for the kinetic modeling of methanol oxidation, where during steady-state reaction the departure of the actual coverage of methoxylated surface intermediates from the maximum saturation surface coverage is of critical importance. Methanol oxidation turn-over frequencies (TOF = methanol molecules converted per second per active surface site) calculated using these new methanol chemisorption surface site densities increased by a factor of ∼3 the TOFs estimated in previous studies using the total number of deposited metal oxide metal atoms. Nevertheless, the support effect observed previously (TOFs for MoO3 and V2O5 supported on oxides of Zr ∼ Ce > Ti > Al ≫ Si) remains virtually unchanged as a general trend in the present study and correlates with the support cation electronegativity via bridging M−O−Support bonds. The methanol chemisorption technique may now be used with confidence to search for similar ligand effects in bulk metal oxides, where counting active sites has traditionally been very difficult (subject of part 2, Burcham, L. J.; Briand, L. E.; Wachs, I. E. Langmuir 2001, 17, 6175, of the present two-paper series).
AAV-based gene transfer. (2003)

Gene therapy remains an attractive form of treatment for a variety of diseases, both inherited and acquired. Recent experience in clinical gene therapy has highlighted important safety issues pertaining to gene delivery in humans. As such, the choice of gene delivery system for individual applications is fundamentally important and must afford efficiency and safety. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have unique potential among the repertoire of vector systems currently available. Here, we highlight recent developments to suggest that AAV vectors will play a key role in the future deployment of genetic medicine in humans.
Methods for the Evaluation of Human Fibrinolysis: Studies with Two Combined Technics (1958)

Journal Article Methods for the Evaluation of Human Fibrinolysis Studies with Two Combined Technics Get access Kurt N. Von Kaulla, M.D., Kurt N. Von Kaulla, M.D. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and United States Army Research and Development Unit, Filzsimons Army Hospital, Denver, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard L. Schultz, Ph.D. Richard L. Schultz, Ph.D. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and United States Army Research and Development Unit, Filzsimons Army Hospital, Denver, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 29, Issue 2, 1 February 1958, Pages 104–112, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/29.2.104 Published: 01 February 1958 Article history Received: 19 August 1957 Revision received: 28 October 1957 Accepted: 04 November 1957 Published: 01 February 1958
Influence of Water Stress on Endogenous Hormone Contents and Cell Damage of Maize Seedlings (2008)

Phytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant responses to stress. We investigated the effects of water stress induced by adding 12% (w/v) polyethylene glycol to the root medium on the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), and gibberellin(3) (GA(3)) in maize leaves. The results suggested that water stress had significant effects on the four hormone levels. There was a transient increase in the IAA content during the initial stage of adaptation to water stress in maize leaves, but it dropped sharply thereafter in response to water stress. ABA content increased dramatically in maize leaves after 24 h of exposure to water stress, and then the high levels of ABA were maintained to the end. The contents of ZT and GA(3) rapidly declined in maize leaves subjected to water stress. The effects of water stress on chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in maize leaves were also studied. The variation of cell damage was negatively correlated with ZT and GA(3) levels in maize leaves under water stress. Thus, we explored the roles of ZT and GA(3) on the growth of maize seedlings under water stress by exogenous application. It is possible that both ZT and GA(3) were effective in protecting maize seedlings from water stress, which would be of great importance for the improvement of drought tolerance in maize by genetic manipulation.
Measles Virus Hemagglutinin Protein Epitopes: The Basis of Antigenic Stability (2016)

Globally eliminating measles using available vaccines is biologically feasible because the measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin (H) protein is antigenically stable. The H protein is responsible for receptor binding, and is the main target of neutralizing antibodies. The immunodominant epitope, known as the hemagglutinating and noose epitope, is located near the receptor-binding site (RBS). The RBS also contains an immunodominant epitope. Loss of receptor binding correlates with an escape from the neutralization by antibodies that target the epitope at RBS. Another neutralizing epitope is located near RBS and is shielded by an N-linked sugar in certain genotype strains. However, human sera from vaccinees and measles patients neutralized all MV strains with similar efficiencies, regardless of the N-linked sugar modification or mutations at these epitopes. Two other major epitopes exist at a distance from RBS. One has an unstructured flexible domain with a linear neutralizing epitope. When MV-H forms a tetramer (dimer of dimers), these epitopes may form the dimer-dimer interface, and one of the two epitopes may also interact with the F protein. The neutralization mechanisms of antibodies that recognize these epitopes may involve inhibiting the H-F interaction or blocking the fusion cascade after MV-H binds to its receptors.
A novel approach to the recovery of biologically active oligosaccharides from milk using a combination of enzymatic treatment and nanofiltration (2000)

A new easily scalable approach to the recovery of biologically active oligosaccharides from milk has been developed which relies on the combination of enzymatic treatment of defatted milk using beta-galactosidase and nanofiltration. It was shown that enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose significantly improves the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations. With the best membrane, as much as 6.7 g of oligosaccharides (containing very little contaminating lactose) could be obtained from one liter of defatted human milk in just four nanofiltration cycles. The human milk oligosaccharides recovered by this method were shown to inhibit binding of intimin, an adhesion molecule of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, to epithelial cells in vitro. No significant difference in the oligosaccharide profile between samples prepared by this method and conventional gel-permeation chromatography was found. The developed approach is also suitable for the recovery of substantial quantities of tri- and tetra-saccharides from caprine milk.
Tetrahydropyranyl, a Nonaromatic Acid-Labile Cys Protecting Group for Fmoc Peptide Chemistry (2015)

Tetrahydropyranyl (Thp), which exploits the concept of being an S,O-acetal nonaromatic protecting group for cysteine, has been shown to be superior to Trt, Dpm, Acm, and StBu in solid-phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc/tBu strategy. Thus, Cys racemization and C-terminal 3-(1-piperidinyl)alanine formation were minimized when the Cys was protected with Thp. This nonaromatic protecting group also improved the solubility of Cys-containing protected peptides.
Assessment of cytotoxicity of (<i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide) and Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide)-coated surfaces (2013)

Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) is one of the most popular stimulus-responsive polymers for research. It is especially of great interest in the field of tissue engineering. While it is known that the NIPAM monomer is toxic, there is little conclusive research on the cytotoxicity of the polymer. In this work, the relative biocompatibility of the NIPAM monomer, pNIPAM, and pNIPAM-coated substrates prepared using different polymerization (free radical and plasma polymerization) and deposition (spin coating and plasma polymerization) techniques was evaluated using appropriate cytotoxicity tests (MTS, Live/Dead, plating efficiency). Four different mammalian cell types (endothelial, epithelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts) were used for the cytotoxicity testing. The pNIPAM-coated surfaces were evaluated for their thermoresponse and surface chemistry using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and goniometry. We found that while cell viability on pNIPAM surfaces decreases when compared to controls, the viability also seems to be deposition type dependent, with sol-gel based pNIPAM surfaces being the least biocompatible. Long term experiments proved that all pNIPAM-coated surfaces were not cytotoxic to the four cell types evaluated in a direct contact test. Plating efficiency experiments did not show cytotoxicity. Cellular sensitivity to pNIPAM and to the NIPAM monomer varied depending on cell type. Endothelial cells consistently showed decreased viability after 48 hours of exposure to pNIPAM extracts and were more sensitive than the other cell lines to impurities in the polymer.