gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for power law localization in disordered systems (1974)

Various lines of evidence are presented to show that for electrons in three-dimensional ordered systems there may be a regime intermediate between the extended states characteristic of weak disorder and the exponentially localized states characteristic of strong disorder. It is suggested that in the intermediate regime the wavefunctions may fall off from its maximum amplitude with a power law. A detailed study of the eigenstates of a system of 216 atoms arranged on a diamond lattice supports this suggestion. Consequences of this power law behaviour for the AC conductivity at zero temperature, the DC conductivity at low temperatures, and the AC hopping conductivity are derived.
Retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector quantitatively reveals effects of bladder distension on urethral size in healthy male Beagle dogs (2020)

Quantitative analysis of the normal retrograde urethrogram is well reported in radiography, but studies on CT urethrography are lacking. Recently, a method of retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector was described. The purpose of the current, prospective, analytical study was to quantify the urethral size of five, healthy, intact, male Beagle dogs using retrograde CT urethrography and a power injector. With the injection rate of the power injector set at 0.3 mL/s, 1 mL/kg of diluted contrast medium (15 mg I/mL) was injected, and a CT examination was performed. The state of the initial urethrogram taken was defined as "empty bladder." The same procedures were repeated with the injection of an additional 1 mL/kg of diluted contrast medium until the ureteral reflux was seen (distended bladder). There was a significant difference in volumes between the empty and distended bladder, but the membranous urethra showed the least difference (P = .0044) among the three regions (P < .0001 for the prostatic and penile urethra). Urethral diameters at six sites were measured from sagittal images, and the sites of measurements were adopted from the earlier radiographic studies. The most significant difference in the urethral diameters between the empty and distended bladder occurred at the cranial and middle prostatic urethra (P < .0001). The results of this study can be useful for interpreting the results of retrograde CT urethrography. Care must be taken when narrowing is suspected at the prostatic urethra, and if necessary, further distension of the urinary bladder should be tried.
Hepatic microRNA expression is associated with the response to interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C (2010)

The hepatic miRNA expression pattern that exists in CHC patients before combination therapy is associated with their therapeutic outcome. This information can be utilized as a novel biomarker to predict drug response and can also be applied to developing novel anti-viral therapy for CHC patients.
All file systems are not created equal: on the complexity of crafting crash-consistent applications (2014)

We present the first comprehensive study of application-level crash-consistency protocols built atop modern file systems. We find that applications use complex update protocols to persist state, and that the correctness of these protocols is highly dependent on subtle behaviors of the underlying file system, which we term persistence properties. We develop a tool named BOB that empirically tests persistence properties, and use it to demonstrate that these properties vary widely among six popular Linux file systems. We build a framework named ALICE that analyzes application update protocols and finds crash vulnerabilities, i.e., update protocol code that requires specific persistence properties to hold for correctness. Using ALICE, we analyze eleven widely-used systems (including databases, key-value stores, version control systems, distributed systems, and virtualization software) and find a total of 60 vulnerabilities, many of which lead to severe consequences. We also show that ALICE can be used to evaluate the effect of new file-system designs on application-level consistency.
Mg-Based Nanocomposites with High Capacity and Fast Kinetics for Hydrogen Storage (2006)

Magnesium and its alloys have shown a great potential in effective hydrogen storage due to their advantages of high volumetric/gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity and low cost. However, the use of these materials in fuel cells for automotive applications at the present time is limited by high hydrogenation temperature and sluggish sorption kinetics. This paper presents the recent results of design and development of magnesium-based nanocomposites demonstrating the catalytic effects of carbon nanotubes and transition metals on hydrogen adsorption in these materials. The results are promising for the application of magnesium materials for hydrogen storage, with significantly reduced absorption temperatures and enhanced ab/desorption kinetics. High level Density Functional Theory calculations support the analysis of the hydrogenation mechanisms by revealing the detailed atomic and molecular interactions that underpin the catalytic roles of incorporated carbon and titanium, providing clear guidance for further design and development of such materials with better hydrogen storage properties.
Axial homeosis and appendicular skeleton defects in mice with a targeted disruption of <i>hoxd-11</i> (1994)

Using gene targeting, we have created mice with a disruption in the homeobox-containing gene hoxd-11. Homozygous mutants are viable and the only outwardly apparent abnormality is male infertility. Skeletons of mutant mice show a homeotic transformation that repatterns the sacrum such that each vertebra adopts the structure of the next most anterior vertebra. Defects are also seen in the bones of the limb, including regional malformations at the distal end of the forelimb affecting the length and structure of phalanges and metacarpals, inappropriate fusions between wrist bones, and defects at the most distal end in the long bones of the radius and ulna. The phenotypes show both incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. In contrast to the defects observed in the vertebral column, the phenotypes in the appendicular skeleton do not resemble homeotic transformations, but rather regional malformations in the shapes, length and segmentation of bones. Our results are discussed in the context of two other recent gene targeting studies involving the paralogous gene hoxa-11 and another member of the Hox D locus, hoxd-13. The position of these limb deformities reflects the temporal and structural colinearity of the Hox genes, such that inactivation of 3' genes has a more proximal phenotypic boundary (affecting both the zeugopod and autopod of the limb) than that of the more 5' genes (affecting only the autopod). Taken together, these observations suggest an important role for Hox genes in controlling localized growth of those cells that contribute to forming the appendicular skeleton.
Morphometry of the Cranial Base in Subjects with Class III Malocclusion (1997)

The significance of the cranial base in the development of Class III malocclusion remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the form of the cranial base differs between prepubertal Class I and Class III subjects. Lateral cephalographs of 73 children of European-American descent aged between 5 and 11 years with Class III malocclusion were compared with those of their counterparts with a normal, Class I molar occlusion. The cephalographs were traced, checked, and subdivided into seven age- and sex-matched groups. Average geometries, scaled to an equivalent size, were generated based on 13 craniofacial landmarks by means of Procrustes analysis, and these configurations were statistically tested for equivalence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses utilizing 5 linear and angular measurements were undertaken to corroborate the Procrustes analysis. Graphical analysis, utilizing thin-plate spline and finite element methods, was performed for localization of differences in cranial base morphology. Results indicated that cranial base morphology differed statistically for all age-wise comparisons. Graphical analysis revealed that the greatest differences in morphology occurred in the posterior cranial base region, which generally consisted of horizontal compression, vertical expansion, and size contraction. The sphenoidal region displayed expansion, while the anterior regions showed shearing and local increases in size. It is concluded that the shape of the cranial base differs in subjects with Class III malocclusion compared with the normal Class I configuration, due in part to deficient orthocephalization, or failure of the cranial base to flatten during development.
Coronary endothelial dysfunction after ischemia and reperfusion: a new therapeutic target? (2001)

Although cardiac ischemia is usually characterized as a disease of the myocyte, it is clear that the vasculature, and especially endothelial cells, is also a major target of this pathology. Indeed, using a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion, we were able to detect severe endothelial dysfunction (assessed as a decreased response to acetylcholine) after acute or chronic reperfusion. Given the essential role of the endothelium in the regulation of vascular tone, as well as platelet and leukocyte function, such a severe dysfunction could lead to an increased risk of vasospasm, thrombosis and accelerated atherosclerosis. This dysfunction can be prevented by free radical scavengers and by exogenous nitric oxide. Endothelial dysfunction can also be prevented by preconditioning with brief periods of intermittent ischemia, thus extending to coronary endothelial cells the concept of endogenous protection previously described at the myocyte level. Experiments performed on cultured cells showed that the endothelial protection induced by free radical scavengers or by preconditioning was due to a lesser expression of endothelial adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, leading to a lesser adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells. Identification of the mechanisms of this protection may lead to the development of new strategies aimed at protecting the vasculature in ischemic heart diseases.
Effect of Erythrocyte Sedimentation and Aggregation on the Conductivity of Blood in a Miniature Chamber (2012)

Abstract—The mechanisms influencing the erythrocyte sedimentation and aggregation still remain unclear despite considerable research effort. In this study, we determined the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by measuring the electrical conductivity of blood in a miniature chamber with two planar electrodes on the bottom. As the red blood cells settle towards the bottom, the hematocrit (HCT) or erythrocyte volume fraction increases continuously with the time in the lower part of volume. The measured conductivity of blood in the chamber slightly increased during the first minute of observation and then decreased for more than 1.5 h. The dielectric theory was applied to determine the effective conductivity of blood. We have shown the increase of blood conductivity due to aggregation by both experimentally and theoretically. We have investigated the ESR at different HCT levels by using experimentally measured decreasing of blood conductance with time. A particle dynamic model (PDM) was developed to elucidate the relationship between the microfluidic interaction of red blood cells (RBCs) and macroscopic ESR tests. We estimated the initial velocity and acceleration of erythrocytes and completion time of sedimentation. Keywords-blood conductivity; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); aggregation; particle dynamic model (PDM) I.
Amplified Analysis of Low-Molecular-Weight Substrates or Proteins by the Self-Assembly of DNAzyme−Aptamer Conjugates (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAmplified Analysis of Low-Molecular-Weight Substrates or Proteins by the Self-Assembly of DNAzyme−Aptamer ConjugatesDi Li, Bella Shlyahovsky, Johann Elbaz, and Itamar WillnerView Author Information Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 18, 5804–5805Publication Date (Web):April 14, 2007Publication History Received10 January 2007Published online14 April 2007Published inissue 1 May 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja070180dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja070180drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5016Altmetric-Citations312LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemiluminescence,Color,Nucleic acids,Peptides and proteins,Plant derived food Get e-Alerts
Adductor spastic dysphonia: Three years after recurrent laryngeal nerve resection (1983)

The voices of 33 patients, ages 44 to 79 years, were assessed after recurrent laryngeal nerve resection for adductor spastic dysphonia. Voice improvement was noted in all patients 24 hours after surgery: in 97% at 1 month, 97% at 6 months, 82% at 1 year, 70% at 1 1/2 years, 58% at 2 years, 52% at 2 1/2 years, and 36% at 3 years. Of the 64% with failed voices by 3 years, 48% were worse than before surgery. Of the 36% whose voices remained improved, 58% were worse than at any previous period and 42% were better. Failures among women (77%) were considerably higher than among men (36%). Except for one patient, none of the patients with improvement achieved a normal voice. Patients with improvement had varied types and degrees of dysphonia: breathiness, hoarseness, diplophonia, and falsetto pitch breaks. The voices of some patients approached normalcy. A high percent of patients had voice tremor and regular voice arrests on vowel prolongation, signaling that the spastic dysphonia may have been related to essential (voice) tremor and that the spastic dysphonia returned because of increased severity of the neurologic tremor. We conclude that recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery for adductor spastic dysphonia has long-term limitations and that the differential diagnosis between neurologic and psychogenic types is imperative prior to therapeutic decision making.
Efficiently querying moving objects with pre-defined paths in a distributed environment (2001)

Due to the recent growth of the World Wide Web, numerous spatio-temporal applications can obtain their required information from publicly available web sources. We consider those sources maintaining moving objects with predefined paths and schedules, and investigate different plans to perform queries on the integration of these data sources efficiently. Examples of such data sources are networks of railroad paths and schedules for trains running between cities connected through these networks. A typical query on such data sources is to find all trains that pass through a given point on the network within a given time interval. We show that traditional filter+semi-join plans would not result in efficient query response times on distributed spatio-temporal sources. Hence, we propose a novel spatio-temporal filter, called deviation filter, that exploits both the spatial and temporal characteristics of the sources in order to improve the selectivity. We also report on our experiments in comparing the performances of the alternative query plans and conclude that the plan with spatio-temporal filter is the most viable and superior plan.
The Medical Management of AIDS (1989)

Part 1 The virus - its transmission and infection: current trends in the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS molecular insights into HIV-1 infection natural history and immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 disease quantitation of HIV viral load - a tool for clinical practice? limiting the risks of health care workers. Part 2 Management of HIV infections and their complications: primary HIV infection initiating routine care for the HIV-infected adult antiretroviral therapy drug interactions and toxicities in patients with AIDS alternative therapies for HIV dermatologic care in the AIDS patient oral complications of HIV infection gastrointestinal tract manifestations of AIDS management of neurologic complications of HIV-1 infection and AIDS HIV disease - psychosocial issues and psychiatric complications haematologic complications of HIV infection cardiovascular complications of HIV infection endocrinologic manifestations of HIV infection renal complications of HIV infection. Part 3 Specific infections and malignant conditions: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia disseminated mycobacterium avium complex and other bacterial infections tuberculosis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection cryptococcosis and other fungal infections (histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis) AIDS-associated toxoplasmosis bacillary angiomatosis and other unusual infections in HIV-infected individuals management of herpesvirus infections (CMV,HSV, VZV) management of syphilis in HIV-infected persons malignancies associated with AIDS. Part 4 Special aspects of AIDS: the chest film in AIDS management of pregnant women with HIV infection paediatric AIDS - perinatal transmission and early diagnosis gender-specific issues in HIV disease HIV nursing care.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study of Single-Agent Oral Talactoferrin in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer That Progressed After Chemotherapy (2011)

TLF demonstrated an apparent improvement in OS in patients with stages IIIB to IV NSCLC for whom one or two prior lines of systemic anticancer therapy had failed and was well tolerated. These results should be confirmed in a global phase III trial.
Cytomegalovirus CC Chemokine Promotes Immune Cell Migration (2012)

Cytomegaloviruses manipulate the host chemokine/receptor axis by altering cellular chemokine expression and by encoding multiple chemokines and chemokine receptors. Similar to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) encodes multiple CC chemokine-analogous proteins, including r129 (HCMV UL128 homologue) and r131 (HCMV UL130 and MCMV m129/130 homologues). Although these proteins play a role in CMV entry, their function as chemotactic cytokines remains unknown. In the current study, we examined the role of the RCMV chemokine r129 in promoting cellular migration and in accelerating transplant vascular sclerosis (TVS) in our rat heart transplant model. We determined that r129 protein is released into culture supernatants of infected cells and is expressed with late viral gene kinetics during RCMV infection and highly expressed in heart and salivary glands during in vivo rat infections. Using the recombinant r129 protein, we demonstrated that r129 induces migration of lymphocytes isolated from rat peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow and from a rat macrophage cell line. Using antibody-mediated cell sorting of rat splenocytes, we demonstrated that r129 induces migration of naïve/central memory CD4(+) T cells. Through ligand-binding assays, we determined that r129 binds rat CC chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, and CCR7. In addition, mutational analyses identified functional domains of r129 resulting in recombinant proteins that fail to induce migration (r129-ΔNT and -C31A) or alter the chemotactic ability of the chemokine (r129-F43A). Two of the mutant proteins (r129-C31A and -ΔNT) also act as dominant negatives by inhibiting migration induced by wild-type r129. Furthermore, infection of rat heart transplant recipients with RCMV containing the r129-ΔNT mutation prevented CMV-induced acceleration of TVS. Together our findings indicate that RCMV r129 is highly chemotactic, which has important implications during RCMV infection and reactivation and acceleration of TVS.
RODS: Rarity based Outlier Detection in a Sparse Coding Framework (2015)

Outlier detection has been an active area of research for a few decades. We propose a new definition of outlier that is useful for high-dimensional data. According to this definition, given a dictionary of atoms learned using the sparse coding objective, the outlierness of a data point depends jointly on two factors: the frequency of each atom in reconstructing all data points (or its negative log activity ratio, NLAR) and the strength by which it is used in reconstructing the current point. A <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</b> arity based <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</b> utlier <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</b> etection algorithm in a <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</b> parse coding framework (RODS) that consists of two components, NLAR learning and outlier scoring, is developed. This algorithm is unsupervised; both the offline and online variants are presented. It is governed by very few manually-tunable parameters and operates in linear time. We demonstrate the superior performance of the RODS in comparison with various state-of-the-art outlier detection algorithms on several benchmark datasets. We also demonstrate its effectiveness using three real-world case studies: saliency detection in images, abnormal event detection in videos, and change detection in data streams. Our evaluations shows that RODS outperforms competing algorithms reported in the outlier detection, saliency detection, video event detection, and change detection literature.