gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pH-responsive shielding of non-viral gene vectors (2006)

PEG shielding of non-viral vectors reduces undesired interactions with the extracellular environment. Combination with cell-binding domains enables in vivo targeting via specific attachment to the target cells. Pegylation, however, also interferes with effective intracellular nucleic acid delivery. Consistently triggered removal of the PEG shield after reaching the target cell would make non-viral vectors more compatible with the intracellular delivery steps. Physiological triggers may include changes in pH, enzyme concentration or redox potential. This review focuses on pH-sensitive shielding strategies that exploit the endosomal acidification process after endocytosis for deshielding of the delivery system.
Photolithography of 3D topology in Si optical bench for self-aligned placement of laser dies (2004)

The purpose of the investigation is to develop a prototype hybrid package to integrate an InGaAsP laser diode array with an array of waveguides on the Si optical bench (SiOB) using solder-bumped flip chip technology.
Lipopolysaccharide Induces Anandamide Synthesis in Macrophages via CD14/MAPK/Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/NF-κB Independently of Platelet-activating Factor (2003)

Macrophage-derived endocannabinoids have been implicated in endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS))-induced hypotension, but the endocannabinoid involved and the mechanism of its regulation by LPS are unknown. In RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, LPS (10 ng/ml) increases anandamide (AEA) levels >10-fold via CD14-, NF-kappaB-, and p44/42-dependent, platelet-activating factor-independent activation of the AEA biosynthetic enzymes, N-acyltransferase and phospholipase D. LPS also induces the AEA-degrading enzyme fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH), and inhibition of FAAH activity potentiates, whereas actinomycin D or cycloheximide blocks the LPS-induced increase in AEA levels and N-acyltransferase and phospholipase D activities. In contrast, cellular levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are unaffected by LPS but increased by platelet-activating factor. LPS similarly induces AEA, but not 2-AG, in mouse peritoneal macrophages where basal AEA levels are higher, and the LPS-stimulated increase in AEA is potentiated in cells from FAAH-/- as compared with FAAH+/+ mice. Intravenous administration of 107 LPS-treated mouse macrophages to anesthetized rats elicits hypotension, which is much greater in response to FAAH-/- than FAAH+/+ cells and is susceptible to inhibition by SR141716, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist. We conclude that AEA and 2-AG synthesis are differentially regulated in macrophages, and AEA rather than 2-AG is a major contributor to LPS-induced hypotension.
Bridgman growth of strontium barium niobate single crystals (1998)

Vertical Bridgman growth of single crystals of Sr1−xBaxNb2O6 is reported for the first time. Large 25 mm diameter crystals of the congruent composition Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 have been grown in the 〈0 0 1〉 direction at growth rates of approximately 1 mm/h. Stable growth has been achieved at rates up to about 12 mm/h. Striations and diameter control problems have been virtually eliminated by using this growth method. By modulating the furnace setpoint to intentionally produce striations, the relationship between the induced temperature fluctuations and refractive index striations as well as the interface shape and microscopic growth rate were determined. Surface and core defects were also investigated. The results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale growth of high optical homogeneity crystals of strontium barium niobate.
Heights of cumulonimbus cloud tops over the Deccan Plateau and adjoining plains of Andhra Pradesh and east Maharashtra : A preliminary radar study (1973)

A radar study of heights of tops of cumulonimbus clouds over the Deccan Plateau and adjoining plains of Andhra Pradesh and east Maharashtra is presented in this paper. The study is based on all routine and non - routine weather radar observations taken and recorded by the Meteorological Office, Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad during a two-year period from June 1969 to May 1971 .The weather radar at Hyderabad has a maximum range of 400 kill.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF IONOSPHERIC GRADIENTS ON GPS SIGNALS IN THE CONTEXT OF LAAS (2014)

Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) is expected to enable the pilots to guide the aircraft more precisely and safely into busy airports even in poor visibility conditions. The anomalous low and equatorial latitude Ionosphere is severe threat to the LAAS system. To characterize the anomalous ionospheric gradients, the performance of an ionospheric threat model is evaluated. In our investigation, in contrast to the reported work available in the open literature, smoothed code phase measurements are used in the threat model to obtain precise ionospheric time delay. The three key parameters of the threat model gradient slope (mm/km), width (km) and front speed (m/s) are used in the analysis. Further, geometry screening using Maximum Ionosphere Induced Error in Vertical (MIEV) as a key parameter is carried out to identify the stationary gradients and its impact on system performance for CAT-I operations. A maximum ionospheric gradient of 355.74mm/km over a distance of approximately 75km is reported at mid latitudes. Whereas, in our flndings at low/equatorial latitudes even within a distance of approximately 4km a maximum gradient of 460mm/km is observed, which is comparatively very high. Our results show that, there is necessity to enhance upper bound for the ionospheric gradients threat space over low latitudes.
Video-on-Demand System Using Optical Mass Storage System (1993)

Digital video-on-demand systems based on high-speed digital networks and video compression techniques have been proposed recently. One serious problem for these systems is achieving mass storage with quick access. In this paper we propose a video storage hierarchy of magnetic disks and an optical mass storage system (MSS). To solve the problems that occur when optical mass storage systems are used in video-on-demand services, we have proposed techniques such as quick-start and linking of playback, multiple readout, and visual search in a storage hierarchy with magnetic disks. A trial system has verified the feasibility of these new techniques. The average response time for “quick-start and linking” is less than one second. Another technical problem is the implementation of visual search functions such as fast forward and fast reverse together with multiple access. Average switchover time between visual search functions is also less than one second. In this trial system, which uses the JPEG encoding algorithm, we proposed and verified a new method for synchronizing fixed bit-rate audio and variable bit-rate video.
Endogenous Sodium Pump Inhibitors and Blood Pressure Regulation: An Update on Recent Progress (1998)

Rapid progress has occurred recently in understanding the origin, chemistry, synthesis, control, and actions of endogenous materials that may be ligands for the cardiac glycoside binding site on the mammalian sodium pump (Na,K-ATPase). The present paper reviews this progress and examines in detail the evidence supporting ouabain-like and bufodienolide-like compounds as functioning in endogenous control of sodium pump activity, renal sodium excretion, blood pressure, and cardiovascular contractility. Other novel compounds identified in this search as potentially influencing natriuresis and blood pressure are also discussed.
Palm oil: production, processing, characterization, and uses. (2012)

This book serves as a rich source of information on the production, processing, characterization and utilization of palm oil and its components. It also includes several topics related to oil palm genomics, tissue culture and genetic engineering of oil palm. Physical, chemical and polymorphic properties of palm oil and its components as well as the measurement and maintenance of palm oil quality are included and may be of interest to researchers and food manufacturers. General uses of palm oil/kernel oil and their fractions in food, nutritional and oleochemical products are discussed as well as the potential use of palm oil as an alternative to trans fats. Some attention is also given to palm biomass, bioenergy, biofuels, waste management, and sustainability. * Presents several chapters related to oil palm genetics, including oil palm genomics, tissue culture and genetic engineering.* Includes contributions from more than 80 well-known scientists and researchers in the field.* In addition to chapters on food uses of palm oil, the book contains nonfood applications such as use as a feedstock for wood-based products or for bioenergy.* Covers key aspects important to the sustainable development of palm oil.
Memory latency reduction using an address prediction buffer (2003)

Improving system performance by implementing a memory prediction buffer (MPB) is discussed. The MPB is inserted between the cache and main memory. It predicts the next cache-miss address and prefetches the data. This action decreases main-memory latency and increases system performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Rationale of Magnesium Supplementation in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1992)

Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation in the human body, next to potassium, and is involved in more than 300 different enzymatic reactions, including glucose use; the synthesis of fat, protein, and nucleic acids; the metabolism of adenosine triphosphate; muscle contraction; and some membrane transport systems. 1,2 Over recent years, evidence has accumulated that patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are magnesium deficient 3,4 and develop an increased hypomagnesemia during the acute phase of the infarct. 5-8 Hypomagnesemia might be due to migration from extracellular to intracellular space, 9 which is caused by catecholamine-induced lipolysis forming in soluble magnesium soaps, as demonstrated in animal experiments. 6,10,11 Furthermore, experiments in animals and humans have shown that the acute as well as the chronic reduction in extracellular magnesium levels are harmful to the myocardium in the setting of acute ischemia. 12-14 While the metabolism of magnesium in AMI and the incidence
[Reproducibility of the topographic parameters of the optic disk with the scanning laser tomograph]. (1995)

The scanning laser tomograph was used to measure the optic disk topography in the left eye of five normal volunteers and five open angle glaucoma patients during the same day. We studied the reproducibility of 7 topographic parameters with the coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of reliability (CR) from topographic images of the scanning laser tomograph. The mean CV of the topographic parameters was 8.1 +/- 3.3% (range: 5.3-15.0%) and the mean CR of the topographic parameters was 91.8 +/- 7.6% (range: 78.6-98.4%) in normal eyes. In glaucoma eyes, the mean CV was 7.2 +/- 3.7% (range: 4.4-15.0%) and the mean CR was 84.8 +/- 7.5% (range: 73.4-95.3%), respectively. The results showed that the scanning laser tomograph has good reproducibility for clinical use in optic disk measurements.
FDA perspective on specifications for biotechnology products--from IND to PLA. (1997)

Quality standards are obligatory throughout development, approval and post-marketing phases of biotechnology-derived products, thus assuring product identity, purity, and potency/strength. The process of developing and setting specifications should be based on sound science and should represent a logical progression of actions based on the use of experiential data spanning manufacturing process validation, consistency in production, and characterization of relevant product properties/attributes, by multiple analytical means. This interactive process occurs in phases, varying in rigour. It is best described as encompassing a framework which starts with the implementation of realistic/practical operational quality limits, progressing to the establishment/adoption of more stringent specifications. The historical database is generated from preclinical, toxicology and early clinical lots. This supports the clinical development programme which, as it progresses, allows for further assay method validation/refinement, adoption/addition due to relevant or newly recognized product attributes or rejection due to irrelevance. In the next phase, (licensing/approval) specifications are set through extended experience and validation of both the preparative and analytical processes, to include availability of suitable reference standards and extensive product characterization throughout its proposed dating period. Subsequent to product approval, the incremental database of test results serves as a natural continuum for further evolving/refining specifications. While there is considerable latitude in the kinds of testing modalities finally adopted to establish product quality on a routine basis, for both drugs and drug products, it is important that the selection takes into consideration relevant (significant) product characteristics that appropriately reflect on identity, purity and potency.
Technology convergence for future home networks (2008)

In the context of FP7 research program, the ICT OMEGA European project [1] aims to define and demonstrate gigabit home networks (the project started in 2008 and will have a duration of 3 years). Consumers require networks to be simple to install, without the need of any new wire. To achieve this, gigabit radio links and wireless optical communications will provide wireless connectivity within the home and its surroundings. Power-line communications potentially combined with robust RF will provide a home backbone ldquowithout new wires.rdquo To make this network ubiquitous, seamless and robust a technology-independent MAC layer will ensure its global control and provide connectivities to any number of devices the user wishes to connect to it in any room in a house or a flat. In order to make this vision come true, the OMEGA project aims to provide substantial progress in the fields of optical-wireless and PLC physical layers, in protocol design, and in systems architectures.
DRAGLINE SWING AUTOMATION (1999)

Draglines are very large machines that are used to remove overburden in open-cut coal mines. This paper outlines the design of a computer control system to implement an automated swing cycle on a production dragline. Subsystems and sensors have been developed to satisfy the constraints imposed by the task, the harsh operating environment and the mine's production requirements.
Autonomous control system for offshore oil exploitation using digital acoustic communication (2002)

Underwater acoustic communication systems are the best choice to implement a cableless communication system suitable for the expected setups at subsea oil production systems. The main points at these systems are the communication reliability and the hardware reliability. Usually the control or monitoring systems could operate at a very low data rate. Typically, these acoustic systems need to operate at horizontal distances ranging from 1 to 10 km and at water depths from 100 to 2000 m. To select suitable signaling techniques in these fading multipath channels, it is fundamental to evaluate the distortions introduced in the signal by the channel. Experimental results with some of these configurations, with evaluations of time spreading, frequency spreading, frequency and time coherence and statistical distribution of the fading are presented. The multipath configuration can be evaluated by ray-tracing software. The main difficulties to implement a simple FSK system, even with a low data rate, are the multipath. A modem that can overcome the multipath and intersymbolic interference is proposed; this modem uses a FSK modulation scheme with silence intervals (guard intervals). A special symbol synchronization system is also proposed, based on the use of Williard words. Experimental results with this modem at the Brazilian Campos Basin showed promising results.
Carbosilane Dendrimers Peripherally Functionalized with P-Stereogenic Monophosphines. Catalytic Behavior of Their Allylpalladium Complexes in the Asymmetric Hydrovinylation of Styrene (2006)

The first dendrimers containing P-stereogenic monophosphines as peripheral groups were obtained by reacting the protected BH3-LiCH2PPhR (R = 2-biphenylyl, 9-phenanthryl) with zeroth- and first-generation chlorocarbosilane dendrimers, followed by treatment with morpholine and subsequent chromatographic purification. The first-generation dendrimer with the 9-phenanthryl-substituted phosphine could not be obtained, due to the incomplete functionalization of all the arms of the dendrimer. The reaction of the chiral dendrimers with the dinuclear allyl complex [Pd(μ-Cl)(η3-2-MeC3H4)]2 allowed us to graft PdCl(η3-2-MeC3H4) units on their surface. Complete characterization of these species was achieved by multinuclear NMR spectra (including 2D experiments), mass spectrometry, and optical rotation determinations. The catalytic properties of the new palladodendrimers were tested in the asymmetric hydrovinylation of styrene. To evaluate possible dendritic effects, two model chiral compounds, (CH3)3SiCH2PPhR, were prepared. The results in terms of activity, selectivity, and enantiomeric excess depend strongly on the nature of the phosphine and the halide abstractor. The best results were achieved with the employment of the first-generation dendrimer containing the 2-biphenylyl-substituted phosphine and NaBARF (79% ee toward the S enantiomer). In all experiments, the major enantiomer of 3-phenyl-1-butene had the absolute configuration S, with the exception of that catalyzed by the 9-phenanthryl-substituted phosphine dendrimer, which afforded (R)-3-phenyl-1-butene as the predominant enantiomer.
NASOGRAPH MIRROR OF GLATZEL AS A MEASURE OF NASAL PATENCY (1939)

Despite numerous studies of the dynamics of nasal patency, there is no satisfactory method for the quantitative determination of the diameter of the nasal passages. The ingenious method of Sternstein and Schur (1936) measures manometrically the resistance offered to a stream of air during its passage through the nose. It has the advantage of giving a quantitative value of resistance as a measure of the patency of each nostril separately. The method, however, lacks simplicity and depends for its success on the cooperation of the patient. At first thought, it would seem an advantage to measure each nasal passage individually. It will be shown that such measurements taken without reservation do not express the physiologic status of one nostril in respect to the other. As one passage is contracted, the other will carry more than its share of air, but not in direct proportion to the obstruction. The amount of
Direct calculation method for matching network dynamic control (2012)

This paper presents a novel direct calculation method for matching network dynamic control utilizing an analytic algorithm based on an integrated measurement of load impedance. In principle, this approach has no limitations on the match tuned load impedance and the operating frequency, but in practice its operation is restricted by the matching network tolerances and the accuracy and dynamic range of the load impedance measurement circuitry. The matching network consisting of MEMS tunable capacitors and high Q fixed inductors is one of the best choices for this loop since it has a broad match tuning range across loads condition and frequencies.
Repeatability of non-invasive measurement of intracerebral pulse wave velocity using transcranial Doppler (2005)

In the present study, the repeatability of three techniques for measuring peripheral PWV (pulse wave velocity) has been studied. A transcranial Doppler provided a wave reading from the middle cerebral artery. Using the transit time between the R-wave of an ECG and the 'foot' of this wave we were able to calculate a PWV (PWV-brain). An ear clip transducer provided a pressure wave reading (PWV-ear). A third pressure reading came from a Finapres transducer on the left middle finger (PWV-finger). The PWV was calculated as distance between two points/transit time of the pulse wave. Eleven volunteers had three sets of readings averaged for each technique taken in two separate sessions. There was good agreement between observers for the mean PWV values, and good agreement for mean results in different sessions. The RC%s (repeatability coefficient percentages) for between-observer repeatability in each session were good and approximately equivalent for PWV-finger (5-7%) and PWV-brain (5-7%). The repeatability of the PWV-ear measurement was less satisfactory (8-18%). The RC% for the same observer between sessions was less good, being 11% for the PWV-finger, 16-17% for PWV-brain and 11-19% for PWV-ear. The RC%s for the inter-session inter-observer measurements were between 10.7-12.1% for the PWV-finger, 14.7-19.5% for PWV-brain and 8.3-15% for PWV-ear. The transit time RC%s were lower in most measurements. The between-observer repeatability of all measures was satisfactory. Owing to the less good repeatability on different occasions, the use of PWV-brain and PWV-ear will depend on the magnitude of differences to be expected.
Salinomycin inhibits the growth of colorectal carcinoma by targeting tumor stem cells (2015)

Salinomycin is a monocarboxylic polyether antibiotic that has been reported to induce apoptosis in various types of cancer cells with specificity for cancer stem cells. However, its anticancer effect in colorectal cancer stem cells has never been reported. In the present study, we examined the ability of salinomycin to induce cell death in the colorectal cancer stem cell line CD44+EpCAM+ HCT-116, and we measured its in vivo tumor inhibition capacity. Salinomycin dose-dependently induced cytotoxicity in the CD44+EpCAM+ HCT-116 cells and inhibited colony formation. Salinomycin treatment was shown to induce apoptosis, as evidenced by nuclear fragmentation, an increase in the proportion of acridine orange/ethidium bromide-positive cells and an increase in the percentage of Annexin V-positive cells. Apoptosis was induced in colorectal cancer stem cells in a caspase-dependent manner, as shown by an increase in the levels of cleaved caspase-3, -8 and -9. JC-1 staining further revealed that salinomycin induced colorectal cancer cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, salinomycin treatment of xenograft mice inhibited the growth of tumors derived from the CD44+EpCAM+ HCT-116 cells. The present study demonstrated that the antibiotic salinomycin exerts an anti-colorectal cancer effect in vitro and in vivo, suggesting salinomycin as a potential drug for colorectal cancer therapy.