gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand-bound Thyroid Hormone Receptor Contributes to Reprogramming of Pancreatic Acinar Cells into Insulin-producing Cells (2013)

One goal of diabetic regenerative medicine is to instructively convert mature pancreatic exocrine cells into insulin-producing cells. We recently reported that ligand-bound thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) plays a critical role in expansion of the β-cell mass during postnatal development. Here, we used an adenovirus vector that expresses TRα driven by the amylase 2 promoter (AdAmy2TRα) to induce the reprogramming of pancreatic acinar cells into insulin-producing cells. Treatment with l-3,5,3-triiodothyronine increases the association of TRα with the p85α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to the phosphorylation and activation of Akt and the expression of Pdx1, Ngn3, and MafA in purified acinar cells. Analyses performed with the lectin-associated cell lineage tracing system and the Cre/loxP-based direct cell lineage tracing system indicate that newly synthesized insulin-producing cells originate from elastase-expressing pancreatic acinar cells. Insulin-containing secretory granules were identified in these cells by electron microscopy. The inhibition of p85α expression by siRNA or the inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 prevents the expression of Pdx1, Ngn3, and MafA and the reprogramming to insulin-producing cells. In immunodeficient mice with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia, treatment with AdAmy2TRα leads to the reprogramming of pancreatic acinar cells to insulin-producing cells in vivo. Our findings suggest that ligand-bound TRα plays a critical role in β-cell regeneration during postnatal development via activation of PI3K signaling.
pH‐Controlled Reversible Assembly and Disassembly of Gold Nanorods (2008)

pH-Controlled assembly and disassembly of gold nanorods in both end-to-end and side-by-side fashions are demonstrated using bifunctional molecules that contain a thiol group at one end and a different functional group at the other end (see image). The assembly and disassembly processes are reversible and can be repeated for many cycles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2008/smll200800099_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multi-generation characteristics of the MPEG video compression standards (2002)

Provides a theoretical analysis of the multigeneration properties of the MPEG video compression algorithms using the theory of generalized projections (GP). Multi-generations of an input video are obtained by successively compressing and decompressing it. The authors show that, under certain assumptions, successive generations can be interpreted as successive projections of the input video onto well-defined sets in a Hilbert space. Then, using the theory of GP, they establish that the multi-generations of I, P, and B pictures in the MPEG algorithms saturate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacologically Active Phenylpropanoids from<i>Senra incana</i> (1992)

Coniferaldehyde, scopoletin, sinapaldehyde, and syringaldehyde were isolated from an aqueous extract of Senra incana. All four compounds inhibited prostaglandin synthetase in a dose-dependent way. Compared to aspirin, the potency of coniferaldehyde and scopoletin was about five times higher, whereas syringaldehyde and sinapaldehyde had about half the potency of this reference compound. On topical application, sinapaldehyde and scopoletin dose-dependently inhibited ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced edema of the rat ear. The active dose range was 1-10 micrograms/ear. Higher doses had a lower effect. Syringaldehyde was active in the range 20-100 micrograms/ear, whereas the effect of coniferaldehyde was inconclusive. Coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde inhibited electrically induced contractions of the guinea pig ileum in a dose-dependent way. Syringaldehyde showed a weak inhibition at a concentration of 550 microM.
Micellar solubilization of biopolymers in organic solvents. Activity and conformation of lysozyme in isooctane reverse micelles. (1981)

Lysozyme solubilized in reverse micelles of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate in isooctane containing as little as 0.8% water (v/v) has been shown to be active. The amount of enzymatic activity depends on the water content and the pH of the reverse micellar system and under optimum conditions (i.e. pH 7.7 with 1.2% water) is 90% of the activity in water. The dependence of lysozyme activity on pH in reverse micelles is different than that in water, with the entire pH profile shifted 2 to 3 pH units higher in reverse micelles. Moreover, maximum enzyme activity is not found at the highest water contents tested (i.e. 1.6% and 2.0% water), but instead at 1.2% water. The Km for the N-acetylglucosamine oligomers used as substrate is 0.1 mM in reverse micelles (compared to 0.01 mM in water) when the concentration of substrate is referred to the water pools. Spectroscopic studies (CD, fluorescence, and UV absorbance) indicate that the conformation of lysozyme is significantly different in reverse micelles compared to water. In particular, CD studies indicate that the helical content of lysozyme changes from approximately 34% in water to approximately 48% in reverse micelles. Conformation and activity data are qualitatively correlated to the anomalous character of water in the reverse micelles. In particular, this may induce a stronger hydrogen bonding within the lysozyme which would in turn increase both the pKa of certain amino acid residues and the helical content of the macromolecule.
A Competitive Adsorption Model for the Inhibition of Crevice Corrosion and Pitting (1990)

Similarities in the inhibition of crevice corrosion and pitting can be explained on the basis of competitive adsorption between inhibitive and aggressive ions. A mathematical model has been developed which takes into account competitive adsorption between aggressive ions (Cl−) and inhibitive ions , with each ion adsorbing according to a Temkin isotherm. In the case of crevice corrosion of iron, this model explains the linear relationship which has been observed between the logarithm of the chloride ion activity and the logarithm of the minimum chromate activity required for protection against crevice corrosion. In the case of pitting, this same model describes the linear decrease in pitting potential with the logarithm of the Cl− activity at constant concentration. The mathematical model, in conjunction with electrochemical data and adsorption isotherms, allows calculation of a critical ratio, , of surface coverages of aggressive to inhibitive ion necessary to initiate localized corrosion. This critical ratio was computed to be approximately the same value (1.9) for the crevice corrosion and pitting of iron in chromate/chloride solutions. Nominal confirmation for this computed value of was provided by surface analyses using XPS.
The North American experience with paclitaxel combined with cisplatin or carboplatin in lung cancer. (1996)

Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is a new cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent with a novel mechanism of action. Single-agent paclitaxel studies have shown promising activity in both small cell and non-small cell lung cancers. In non-small cell lung cancer, response rates of 22% to 26% and 1-year survival rates of 40% were reported with both 3-hour and 24-hour infusions of paclitaxel. In small cell lung cancer, 24-hour infusions produced response rates of 61%. These data indicate that paclitaxel is one of the most active agents for all lung cancer patients. Combination studies demonstrated that paclitaxel could be combined with either cisplatin or carboplatin at full doses using either a 3-hour or a 24-hour infusion schedule. Response rates with these combinations have been high, usually 40% to 50%, which are higher than with any of the drugs used alone. Neutropenia is the most frequent toxicity and occurs less frequently with the 3-hour infusion. Thrombocytopenia occurred less frequently than expected. One completed randomized study showed that the paclitaxel/cisplatin regimen was superior to the etoposide/cisplatin regimen with respect to response rate and survival. Additional randomized studies are necessary to determine whether the combinations are superior to single-agent paclitaxel, to define the optimal dose with the 3-hour infusion schedule, to define the optimal schedule (3 hours v 24 hours), and to determine whether paclitaxel can be combined with other new agents.
A note on nonlinear Changhee differential equations (2016)

In this paper, we study nonlinear Changhee differential equations and derive some new and explicit identities of Changhee and Euler numbers from those nonlinear differential equations.
The First Isolable Organopalladium Formato Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray Structure. Facile and Convenient Thermal Generation of Coordinatively Unsaturated Palladium(0) Species (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe First Isolable Organopalladium Formato Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray Structure. Facile and Convenient Thermal Generation of Coordinatively Unsaturated Palladium(0) SpeciesVladimir V. Grushin, Corinne Bensimon, and Howard AlperCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 7, 3259–3263Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00007a028https://doi.org/10.1021/om00007a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views690Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of streptococcal plasmid‐determined erythromycin resistance directed by the <i>cat</i> gene promoter of pACYC 184 (1985)

The streptococcal erythromycin resistance (Emr) plasmid pSM7 (6.4 kb) and the E. coli vector pACYC184 (4.0 kb) were fused at their single EcoRI sites to form the bifunctional chimeric plasmid pSM7184 (10.4 kb) in which the Emr determinant was placed under control of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) promoter of pACYC184. In the sense orientation (orientation I) of pSM7, the cat promoter directed expression of Emr in the E. coli host strains 294 and DB11 more efficiently than did the indigenous transcription signals of pSM7, which were functional in the opposite orientation II. In Streptococcus sanguis (Challis), the level of Emr was independent of the orientation of pSM7 in pACYC184, showing that the cat promoter was not recognized in the gram-positive host. The growth of E. coli (pSM7184I) in a defined medium containing glycerol as carbon source, or containing glucose plus extraneous cyclic 3'-5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) led to an Emr level which was 15-30 times higher than that of cultures grown on glucose. These results showed that under control of the cat promoter, Emr is subject to cAMP-mediated catabolite repression and provided conclusive evidence that the enhancement of Emr expression in E. coli carrying pSM7184I is controlled at the transcriptional level. Besides enabling us to determine the orientation of transcription of the Emr gene in pSM7 and related vectors, this work also made available new bifunctional cloning vehicles able to replicate in both E. coli and S. sanguis.
Monoclonal antibodies in MS (2009)

The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) presents an emerging, highly specific therapeutic strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). mAbs target selective molecules and have shown early promise, along with notable risks, in the treatment of MS and other immune-mediated diseases. The mechanism of action of the 4 mAbs under active investigation for MS (natalizumab, rituximab, alemtuzumab, and daclizumab) are reviewed, with a discussion of how mAb interaction with each target antigen may produce direct and indirect effects (proven and hypothesized) on immune cell activity, CNS-related inflammatory processes, and clinical outcomes.
Frequency dispersion characteristics of the complex permittivity of the epoxy-carbon black composites (1998)

The effects of frequency, volume fraction of carbon black, and porosity on the complex permittivity of the epoxy-carbon black composites were investigated and the frequency dispersion behavior model for the complex permittivity was proposed. In the epoxy-carbon black composites, the frequency dispersion behaviors of the complex permittivity changed from relaxation spectrum to resonance spectrum with increasing the amount of carbon black. The complex permittivity of the composites increased with decreasing the porosity. Comparing the complex permittivity of the composites filled with 2 vol % of carbon black with the values obtained from three types of previously reported model equations, the relaxation behavior coincided with the Havriliak-Negami model. The damping and asymmetrical factor values were increased with increasing porosity in the composites. The empirical equation proposed here was useful in describing the complex permittivity of the composites of > 3 vol % carbon black with resonance type. The damping factor (γ) decreased as the filler content increased, but the asymmetrical factor (κ) increased reversely. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 363–369, 1998
Automatic Epileptic Seizure Detection in EEG Signals Using Multi-Domain Feature Extraction and Nonlinear Analysis (2017)

Epileptic seizure detection is commonly implemented by expert clinicians with visual observation of electroencephalography (EEG) signals, which tends to be time consuming and sensitive to bias. The epileptic detection in most previous research suffers from low power and unsuitability for processing large datasets. Therefore, a computerized epileptic seizure detection method is highly required to eradicate the aforementioned problems, expedite epilepsy research and aid medical professionals. In this work, we propose an automatic epilepsy diagnosis framework based on the combination of multi-domain feature extraction and nonlinear analysis of EEG signals. Firstly, EEG signals are pre-processed by using the wavelet threshold method to remove the artifacts. We then extract representative features in the time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain and nonlinear analysis features based on the information theory. These features are further extracted in five frequency sub-bands based on the clinical interest, and the dimension of the original feature space is then reduced by using both a principal component analysis and an analysis of variance. Furthermore, the optimal combination of the extracted features is identified and evaluated via different classifiers for the epileptic seizure detection of EEG signals. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is investigated by using a public EEG database at the University Hospital Bonn, Germany. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed epileptic seizure detection method can achieve a high average accuracy of 99.25%, indicating a powerful method in the detection and classification of epileptic seizures. The proposed seizure detection scheme is thus hoped to eliminate the burden of expert clinicians when they are processing a large number of data by visual observation and to speed-up the epilepsy diagnosis.
Determinants Influencing the Usage of Balanced Scorecard for Performance Measurement: The Case of Vietnam (2018)

This research is conducted for testing the hypothesis of the relationship between contingency variables and the usage of Balanced Score Card (BSC) for performance measurement. Data were collected by receiving 217 questionnaires given to firms in Vietnam using factor analysis, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis. The results show that the business strategy, perceived environmental uncertainty, intensity of competition, total quality management have significant positive impacts on the usage of BSC while the organizational structure has no impact. Based on the findings, some implications have been given for promoting the usage of BSC for performance measurement in firms in emerging countries, including Vietnam.
MhyADH catalysed Michael addition of water and <i>in situ</i> oxidation (2010)

The Michael addition of water is a major challenge. Here an enzymatic approach is described. Interestingly, the enzyme (MhyADH) does not only catalyse the Michael addition of water but also the in situ oxidation of the product.
Dynamic regulation of effector IFN-γ-producing and IL-17-producing T cell subsets in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (2015)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as the predominant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains to be fully understood. It is known that the cytokines produced by allogeneic reactive effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are involved in GVHD. However, the regulation and coordination of IFN-γ-producing and IL-17-producing effector T cells remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of alloantigen-specific effector CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell subsets by flow cytometry, which produce inflammatory cytokines involved in the multistep GVHD pathogenesis progress. The results demonstrated that IL-17-producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells and IFN-γ+CD8+ T (Tc1) cells were detected in the early stage of GVHD. The differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 cell (IFN-γ+CD4+ T) and Th17 (IL-17+CD4+ T) cells was later than that of the Tc1 and Tc17 cells. The effector CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell subsets either became exhausted or became memory cells, exhibiting a CD62L-CD44+ phenotype following marked expansion during GVHD. Furthermore, T cell-associated type I (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and type II (IL-4 and IL-10) classical cytokines exhibited coordinated dynamic regulation. It was concluded that the differentiation of cytokine-producing Tc1 and Tc17 cells may be the key step in the initiation of GVHD, whereas CD4+ effector Th1 and Th17 cells are considered to be pathophysiological factors leading to the continuous aggravation of GVHD.
Anterior prefrontal cortex and serotonergic system activation during Zen meditation practice induces negative mood improvement and increased alpha band in EEG (2012)

To gain insight into the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in Zen meditation, we evaluated the effects of abdominal (Tanden) breathing in novices. We investigated hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), an ttention-related brain region, using 24-channel near-infrared spectroscopy during a 20-munite session of Tanden breathing in 15 healthy volunteers. We found that the level of oxygenated hemoglobin in the anterior PFC was significantly increased during Tanden breathing, accompanied by a reduction in feeling of negative mood compared to before the meditation session. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed increased alpha band activity and decreased theta band activity during Tanden breathing. EEG changes were correlated with a significant increase in whole blood serotonin (5-HT) levels. These results suggest that activation of the anterior PFC and 5-HT system may be responsible for the improvement of negative mood and EEG signal changes observed during Tanden breathing.
The “state of the art” of the diffraction analysis of crystallite size and lattice strain (2008)

Abstract This paper addresses both old, but “renovated” methods and new methods for diffraction line-profile analysis. Classical and even extremely simple single-line methods for separating “size” and “strain” broadening effects have merit for characterization of the material imperfectness, but it is generally very difficult to interpret the data obtained in terms of microstructure parameters as used in materials science. Developments of recent years, focusing on distinct anisotropic line-broadening effects, as due to the type, orientation and distribution of dislocations and minute compositional variation, will be touched upon. The most promising development may be the synthesis of line profiles on the basis of a microstructure model and application of the (kinematical) diffraction theory without any further assumption, which contrasts with the other methods. This approach can in principle be applied in single-line and multiple-line variants and also in analyses of the whole diffraction pattern. The advantage is the direct evaluation of microstructure parameters as used in materials science. The challenge is to develop microstructure models which are flexible enough to be applicable in more than one case ...
Development of a Tool for Measuring and Analyzing Computer User Satisfaction (1983)

This paper reports on a technique for measuring and analyzing computer user satisfaction. Starting with the literature and using the critical incident interview technique, 39 factors affecting satisfaction were identified. Adapting the semantic differential scaling technique, a questionnaire for measuring satisfaction was then created. Finally, the instrument was pilot tested to prove its validity and reliability. The results of this effort and suggested uses of the questionnaire are reported here.
An Analysis of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment to the EU: Features and Problems (2014)

Abstract This research paper reviews the development of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) to the European Union since the global fnancial crisis, summarizes the apparent characteristics and causes behind that development, provides an in-depth analysis of the problems and deep rooted risks in such investment, and predicts that with China's economy being stronger the scale of China's OFDI will be greater in the coming period. However, since Chinese enterprises are really newcomers of OFDI, they are far from being mature and successful players, which requires not only capital, but also an organic combination of intangible elements regarding economy, society, and culture etc.
Using anomalous event patterns in control systems for tamper detection (2011)

research-article Share on Using anomalous event patterns in control systems for tamper detection Authors: William Sousan View Profile , Robin Gandhi View Profile , Qiuming Zhu View Profile , William Mahoney View Profile Authors Info & Claims CSIIRW '11: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Workshop on Cyber Security and Information Intelligence ResearchOctober 2011 Article No.: 26Pages 1https://doi.org/10.1145/2179298.2179326Online:12 October 2011Publication History 0citation181DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads181Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access