gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of New Capacitive Switches Activated by Mechanical Shock and Acceleration (2007)

This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigation into the characteristics and performance of a new class of switches (triggers) actuated at or beyond a specific level of mechanical shock or acceleration. The principle of operation of the switches is based on dynamic pull-in instability induced by the combined interaction between electrostatic and mechanical shock forces. Two commercial off-the-shelf capacitive accelerometers operating in air are tested under mechanical shock and electrostatic loading. A single-degree-of-freedom model accounting for squeeze-film damping, electrostatic forces, and mechanical shock is utilized for the theoretical investigation. Good agreement is found between the simulation results and experimental data. Our results indicate that designing these new switches to respond quasi-statically to mechanical shock makes them robust against variations in shock shape and duration. More importantly, this makes the switches insensitive to variations in damping conditions. This can be promising to lower the cost of packaging for these switches since they can operate in atmospheric pressure with no hermetic sealing or costly package required.
Immunological evaluation of peptide vaccination for patients with gastric cancer based on pre‐existing cellular response to peptide (2003)

There is no standard treatment modality for advanced gastric cancer (GC) at the present time. To develop a new treatment modality, we investigated the immunological responses of advanced GC patients (n = 13, 9 non-scirrhous and 4 scirrhous types) vaccinated with peptides to a regimen under which pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were screened for their reactivity in vitro to each of 14 peptides on HLA-A24 or 16 peptides on -A2 allele, then only the reactive peptides (maximum: 4) were administered in vivo. This regimen was generally well tolerated, although grade I levels of fever and local skin reactions were observed in several patients. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the vaccinated peptides was observed in 4 patients. Increased cellular and humoral immune responses to the vaccinated peptides were observed in post-vaccination PBMCs from 4 of 8 patients and in post-vaccination sera of 8 of 10 patients tested, respectively. Prolonged survival was observed in patients showing cellular and humoral immune responses to the vaccinated peptides in the post-vaccination samples, including all 4 patients with the scirrhous type. These results encourage further development of peptide-based immunotherapy for GC patients.
Multi-Gate MOSFETs with Back-Gate Control (2006)

In this paper, we develop a design guideline for multi-gate MOSFET for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> control. The design window of channel height (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</sub> ) and width (w <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</sub> ) to obtain both sufficiently large gamma and suppressed SCE in hp45 node LSTP devices is shown by 3D device simulation. The channel width dependence of gamma is also experimentally examined
An integrated development environment for distributed multi-agent applications (2002)

This paper presents an Agent Development Environment (ADE) for building distributed multi-agent applications. ADE provides a predefined class hierarchy of agents and agent parts, an agent communications "middleware", and a graphical language for designing and developing agent behavior based on the Grafcet standard. In addition, ADE provides a distributed simulation environment to test agent-based applications, and a center to deploy agents on the network. In this paper we provide a brief overview of ADE and present two Adaptive Control applications developed with ADE.
SOME NEW DIKRANEURA (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES (1930)

A milky-white species, sometimes tinged with yellow, with four red stripes on elytra. Allied to D. cruentata . Length 2.75-3 mm.
Inhibitory effect of peptides derived from the N‐terminus of lipocortin 1 on arachidonic acid release and proliferation in the A549 cell line: identification of E‐Q‐E‐Y‐V as a crucial component (1998)

1. The ability of the glucocorticoid-induced protein lipocortin 1 (LC1) to inhibit arachidonic acid release and cell proliferation in A549 cells may be mimicked by a sequence taken from the N-terminal, LC1(13-25) (FIENEEQEYVQTV). We have now synthesized and tested for biological activity a library of 25 smaller peptides derived from this sequence. 2. Peptides were tested in two assays: A549 cells were prelabelled with tritiated arachidonic acid and thapsigargin (50 nM) and EGF (10 nM) used to stimulate the release of this fatty acid. Cell proliferation was determined by counting cell numbers following 3 day incubation with these peptides, or controls. 3. Many of the peptides were highly insoluble but could be more readily dissolved in aqueous solution in the presence of commercial liposomes or phosphatidyl serine (5 microM). Since neither of these agents alone had any effect on arachidonic acid release or cell proliferation, all peptides were tested in the presence of 5 microM phosphatidyl serine. Under these conditions LC1(13-25) was active in both assay systems with an IC40 of 40.7 and 57.0 microM respectively. 4. Deletion of amino acids from the C-terminus of the peptide progressively diminished (2-3 fold) the molar potency of LC1(13-25) in both assays: after the removal of Val22 biological activity was virtually undetectable or very weak (< 30% of LC1[13-25]). 5. Removal of amino acids from the N-terminus also lead to a progressive reduction (3-5 fold) in the molar potency of the peptides and biological activity became undetectable, or very weak, after the removal of Glu18. 6. All active peptides contained the core sequence EQEYV(Glu-Gln-Glu-Tyr-Val) which seems to represent a crucial component of the pharmacophore, although this sequence on its own was inactive and the shortest peptide with significant activity was LC1(18-25) (EQEYVQTV). 7. Methoxylation of Tyr21 abolished the ability of LC1(18-25) to inhibit cell proliferation and arachidonic acid release. A cyclized version of LC1(18-25) was also tested and found to be inactive. 8. LC1(18-25) (178 microM) inhibits cPLA2 activation in A549 cells as judged by a band-shift assay, whereas equimolar concentrations of an inactive peptide LC1(19-25) were without effect in this assay system. 9. Several possible mechanisms whereby these peptides act are discussed in the light of LC1 biology and of the effect of glucocorticoids on cell function.
Rutting Resistance of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures that Contain Recycled Asphalt Pavement (2011)

This study evaluated the rutting resistance of plant-produced asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures in the laboratory. Nineteen plant-produced AC mixtures were used; these mixtures contained reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) amounts that ranged from 0% to 25%. Tests on the mixtures included the dynamic modulus (|E * |) test at multiple temperatures and the flow number (FN) test at 54°C to characterize stiffness and rutting resistance, respectively. Mixtures that contained no RAP showed |E * | values comparable to those that contained 25% RAP in most cases. For most of the 19 mixtures tested, mixtures with lower FNs either contained no RAP, contained 25% RAP, or had PG 64-22 as the design binder grade. Mixtures that contained moderate amounts of RAP (10% and 15%), regardless of design binder grade, had higher FNs than mixtures with either high or low RAP amounts. Statistical analysis showed that the RAP amount was the most significant factor to affect rutting resistance in the mixtures studied. A linear inverse relationship between RAP and FN appeared to describe the data well. As the RAP amount increased, a downward trend occurred in both effective binder content (P be ) and rutting parameter (G * /sin δ). The effect of RAP on FN was unexpected, because it showed the rutting resistance to decrease with increased RAP. Possible reasons might have been the use of softer asphalt binder in mixtures with higher RAP and the observed decrease in both P be and G * /sin δ with increased RAP amounts. More rutting-related mechanistic studies are needed of AC mixtures that contain RAP.
Experimental Studies On Adaptive Optical Associative Memory (1989)

A new experimental system of optical neurocomputing, called optical associatron, is shown. The experimental system has a simple architecture for optical associative memory. Especially, the system has versatile adaptive learning capabilities implemented by using Microchannel Spatial Light Modulators (MSLMs). In this paper, various experimental results of learning and recalling on the experimental system are shown. Based on the results, behavior of learning on the optical associative memory is discussed and a modified method of learning is proposed and verified on the experimental system. In addition, a method of implementation of error back propagation is proposed.
Über oligomere siliciumverbindungen mit funktionellen gruppen. 18. Mitt. Herstellung und polyadditionsreaktionen des 1,1′‐bis‐(dimethylhydrosilylmethyl)‐ferrocens (1967)

Abstract Cyclopentadienylnatrium reagiert in polaren Lösungsmitteln mit Chlormethyldimethylhydrosilan und Chlormethyldimethyl‐ n ‐butoxysilan zu den entsprechenden Cyclopentadienylmethylsilanen. Diese lassen sich mit Isopropylmagnesiumchlorid und wasserfreiem Eisen(II)‐chlorid zu silymethylsubstituierten Ferrocenderivaten mit zwei HSi‐ (a) oder n C 4 H 9 OSi‐ (b) Gruppen umsetzen. Reduktion von (b) mit LiAlH 4 führt ebenfalls zu (a). magnified image 1,1′‐Bis‐(dimethylhydrosilylmethyl)‐ferrocen (a) setzt sich mit Acetylen und H 2 PtCl 6 als Katalysator zu 1,1′‐Bis‐(dimethylvinylsilylmethyl)‐ferrocen (c) um. Die Polyaddition von (a) mit (c) und von (a) mit 1,3‐Divinyldisiloxan ergibt Polymere mit Ferrocenylenresten in der Hauptkette, deren thermische Beständigkeit untersucht wird.
A ten-element array of individually addressable channeled- substrate-planar AlGaAs diode lasers (1987)

A monolithic array of ten individually addressable channeled-substrate-planar diode lasers, each emitting 30 mW CW in a single spatial mode, has been developed with particular application to high data rate multichannel optical recording systems.
Efficacy and mechanism of action of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib, lapatinib and neratinib in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence. (2015)

An increasing number of tumors, including breast cancer, overexpress proteins of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. The interaction between family members activates signaling pathways that promote tumor progression and resistance to treatment. Human epidermal growth factor receptor type II (HER2) positive breast cancer represents a clinical challenge for current therapy. It has motivated the development of novel and more effective therapeutic EGFR family target drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This review focuses on the effects of three TKIs mostly studied in HER2- positive breast cancer, lapatinib, gefitinib and neratinib. Herein, we discuss the mechanism of action, therapeutic advantages and clinical applications of these TKIs. To date, TKIs seem to be promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast tumors, either as monotherapy or combined with other pharmacological agents.
Poxvirus Infection Rapidly Activates Tyrosine Kinase Signal Transduction (2001)

Viruses have evolved a number of strategies to gain entry and replicate in host target cells that, for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the poxvirus, myxoma virus, involve appropriating chemokine receptors. In this report we demonstrate that activation of multiple intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation events rapidly ensues following virus adsorption to NIH 3T3.CD4.CCR5 cells and affects the ultimate level of myxoma virus replication. UV-inactivated myxoma virus induces the rapid phosphorylation of CCR5 on tyrosine residues, the association of CCR5 with Jaks and p56(lck), and their phosphorylation-activation within minutes of virus adsorption. Additionally, we provide evidence for myxoma virus-inducible signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) activation. In contrast to CCR5 activation effected by HIV Env protein, these myxoma virus-inducible phosphorylation events are not sensitive to pertussis toxin treatment. Moreover, in cells that are non-permissive for myxoma virus infection, we provide evidence that myxoma virus fails to invoke this tyrosine phosphorylation cascade. Consistent with the observation that infection of CCR5-expressing cells is blocked by herbimycin A and the Jak 2 inhibitor, tyrophostin AG490, we infer that viral infectivity may be dependent on non-G-protein-coupled signal transduction pathways triggered by the infecting myxoma virus particle. This provides a novel post-binding mechanism by which viruses can co-opt a cellular receptor to permit productive virus infection.
Simplified modeling of transients in gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1998)

A simple technique for modeling transients in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) has been applied to a gain-clamped amplifier. Integration of the variables along the length of the amplifier allows the formulation of the problem as a single simple, ordinary, time-dependent differential equation. We demonstrate examples for a typical conventional EDFA and one in which internal out-of-band oscillation is used to clamp the gain.
Visual images in advertising to the gay market (2011)

This study focuses on analysis of visual images appearing in 12 free publications that target the gay market in 6 countries. Using content analysis the study identifies the dominant product categories, and the main types of visual advertising images appearing in these publications. It finds evidence of both customization of images to the target market using images previously identified by the limited number of other studies undertaken, but also usage of a substantial number of „mainstream‟ images, and some evidence of symbolic gay icons. It finds that there were no great differences between the 6 metropolitan markets in different countries.
Micro-electro-mechanical variable blaze gratings (2002)

Two types of micro-electro-mechanical variable blaze gratings (VBGs) have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The gratings operate by adjusting the blaze angle of each slat so that the specular reflection of the incident light matches a particular grating diffraction order. The VBG blaze angle is adjustable with either electrostatic or thermal actuators. VBGs direct incident light in discrete directions, and are useful for steering light with beam diameters greater than 1 mm and power intensities greater than one watt. Both electrostatic and thermal VBGs were constructed from gold and polysilicon using a surface micromachining process and tested with a 20 mW continuous wave HeNe laser operating at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Optical selectivities (the ratio of power in the selected order to power in either of the nonselected adjacent orders) were determined for both electrostatically actuated and thermally actuated VBGs. The drive voltages for both types of gratings were measured for specific blaze angles and selected diffraction orders.
Designs of compact microstrip antennas with a slotted ground plane (2002)

It has been demonstrated that by embedding suitable slots in an antenna's radiating patch, compact microstrip antennas can be obtained. However, for such designs, the antenna gain and impedance bandwidth are also decreased, causing severe limitations for practical applications. We propose a new design of compact microstrip antennas with a slotted ground plane. It is found that by properly embedding a pair of narrow slots in the ground plane of a microstrip antenna, the antenna's fundamental resonant frequency can be lowered. Reduced antenna size at a fixed frequency can thus be achieved. Moreover, enhanced bandwidth and gain for the proposed design are also observed, which is different from that observed for compact designs with a slotted radiating patch (see Wong, K.L. and Yang, K.P., Electron. Lett., vol.33, p.1916-17, 1997; Lu, J.H. et al., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.47, p.1174-8, 1999). The proposed design with two pairs of narrow slots in the ground plane for achieving dual polarized or circularly polarized radiation has also been successfully implemented. Details of the experimental results are presented.
Catecholamine levels and treatment in chronic heart failure. (1998)

Neurohormonal activation is well studied in chronic heart failure, and covers aspects such as abnormalities of plasma catecholamines, particularly since plasma noradrenaline levels have been found to predict impaired prognosis in heart failure patients. This review will concentrate on the information available on circulating levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It will discuss how catecholamine levels change during different disease stages from myocardial infarction to severe chronic heart failure. It has been clearly shown that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors exert particularly beneficial effects in heart failure patients with raised catecholamine levels. Nevertheless, reviewing how a variety of drug and non-drug interventions affect catecholamine levels and patients' survival, it is concluded that the effect on catecholamine levels does not directly correlate with a survival benefit of the respective intervention. Despite their prognostic significance, due to the development of new prognostic markers for patients with chronic heart failure, the overall clinical value of spot catecholamine levels remains limited.
Mathematical Modeling of Food Processing (2010)

Fundamentals of Momentum Transfer Quang Tuan Pham Rheological Properties of Food Jasim Ahmed Fundamentals of Heat Transfer in Food Processing Ferruh Erdogdu Mass Transfer Basics Gauri S. Mittal Mass and Energy Balances in Food Processing Gauri S. Mittal Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics Gordon D. Mallinson and Stuart E. Norris Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Retort Thermal Sterilization in Pouches A.G. Abdul Ghani and Mohammed M. Farid Heat Exchangers Prabhat Kumar and K.P. Sandeep Thermal Phase Transitions in Food Jasim Ahmed Heat and Mass Transfer during Food Drying Ibrahim Dincer Mathematical Modeling of Spray Dryers Timothy A.G. Langrish Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer during Deep Frying Process L.A. Campanone, M. Alejandra Garcia, and Noemi E. Zaritzky Baking Process: Mathematical Modeling and Analysis Weibiao Zhou Freezing, Thawing, and Chilling of Foods Jianfeng Wang, Quang Tuan Pham, and Donald J. Cleland Food Refrigeration Aspects Ibrahim Dincer Heat Transfer and Air Flow in a Domestic Refrigerator Onrawee Laguerre Mathematical Analysis of Vacuum Cooling Lijun Wang and D.-W. Sun Airflow Patterns within a Refrigerated Truck Loaded with Slotted Filled Boxes Jean Moureh Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of High Pressure Processing of Food A.G. Abdul Ghani and Mohammed M. Farid Modeling Microbial Inactivation by Pulsed Electric Field Michael Ngadi and Jalal Dehghannya Mathematical Modeling and Design of Ultraviolet Light Process for Liquid Foods and Beverages Zhengcai Ye and Tatiana Koutchma Ozone Processing Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Colm P. O'Donnell, and Patrick J. Cullen Computer Modeling of Microwave Heating Processes for Food Preservation Tatiana Koutchma and Vadim Yakovlev Ohmic Heating in Food Processing Fa-De Li and Lu Zhang Radio Frequency Heating of Foods Lu Zhang and Francesco Marra Infrared Heating Daisuke Hamanaka and Fumihiko Tanaka Impingement Thermal Processing Ferruh Erdogdu and Brent A. Anderson Membrane Processing Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan and Chenchaiah Marella Modeling of Membrane Fouling Alice A. Makardij, Mohammed M. Farid, and Xiao Dong Chen Crystallization in Spray Drying Timothy A.G. Langrish Extrusion of Foods Prabhat Kumar, K.P. Sandeep, and Sajid Alavi Modeling of Food Biofilms: A Metabolic Engineering Approach Paul Takhistov Kinetics of Biological Reactions Roy Zhenhu Lee and Qixin Zhong Measurement and Control in Food Processing Brent R. Young and Garth Wilson Artificial Neural Networks in Food Processing Weibiao Zhou and Nantawan Therdthai Exergy Analysis of Food Drying Processes and Systems Ibrahim Dincer Mathematical Modeling of CIP in Food Processing Konstantia Asteriadou Index
Rational Design and Synthesis of SnO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Electrocatalysts with Coralline Structure for Highly Improved Aqueous CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction to Formate (2016)

Abstract Several catalyst materials composed of tin oxide composites (SnO x ) with a novel coralline structure are synthesized by using a facile hydrothermal self‐assembly process. The catalysts are then used to prepare a SnO x /GDL (gas diffusion layer) electrode for CO 2 electroreduction to formate in 0.5 m KHCO 3 aqueous solution. Influential factors, such as hydrothermal synthesis temperature ( T )/time (Δ t ) and the valence state of Sn in the SnO x nanocatalysts, on both catalysts’ morphologies, and Faradaic efficiency for formate production are investigated systematically. By using a SnO x (100–8) /GDL electrode (i.e. T and Δ t are 100 °C and 8 h, respectively) as the cathode, the high maximum faradaic efficiency of 87.1 % is achieved at a controlled potential of −1.6 V, which is superior to all the reported SnO x and Sn/SnO x catalysts in the literature. By combining X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, the coralline‐structured SnO x is observed to be composed of SnO and SnO 2 , where the SnO is covered by a SnO 2 film about 1–2 nm thick, which makes a contribution to the catalytically active sites for CO 2 electroreduction. This coralline‐structured SnO x exhibits high durability, as evaluated by a stable catalytic current density of approximately 10 mA cm −2 over 20 h of continuous operation. This work highlights the controlling role of the correct morphology and the valence state of tin oxide on formate formation during CO 2 reduction in aqueous solution.