gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ability To Replicate in Macrophages Is Conserved between <i>Yersinia pestis</i> and <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> (2003)

Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, has arisen from a less virulent pathogen, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, by a rapid evolutionary process. Although Y. pestis displays a large number of virulence phenotypes, it is not yet clear which of these phenotypes descended from Y. pseudotuberculosis and which were acquired independently. Y. pestis is known to replicate in macrophages, but there is no consensus in the literature on whether Y. pseudotuberculosis shares this property. We investigated whether the ability to replicate in macrophages is common to Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis or is a unique phenotype of Y. pestis. We also examined whether a chromosomal type III secretion system (TTSS) found in Y. pestis is present in Y. pseudotuberculosis and whether this system is important for replication of Yersinia in macrophages. A number of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains of different biovars and serogroups, respectively, were tested for the ability to replicate in primary murine macrophages. Two Y. pestis strains (EV766 and KIM10(+)) and three Y. pseudotuberculosis strains (IP2790c, IP2515c, and IP2666c) were able to replicate in macrophages with similar efficiencies. Only one of six strains tested, the Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII(p(-)) strain, was defective for intracellular replication. Thus, the ability to replicate in macrophages is conserved in Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Our results also indicate that a homologous TTSS is present on the chromosomes of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis and that this secretion system is not required for replication of these bacteria in macrophages.
New insights in thyroid follicular cell biology and its impact in thyroid cancer therapy (2007)

Well-differentiated thyroid cancer has in general terms a very good outcome. It has a very slow growth rate and, although it metastasizes at a relatively high frequency, it has very high survival rates. Whereas the prevalence of nodular thyroid disease worldwide is high, malignant conversion from benign thyroid nodules is rare. Treatment of thyroid cancer is usually successful, but we still do not have effective therapies for patients with invasive or metastatic thyroid cancer if the disease does not concentrate radioiodine and it is not surgically resectable. On the other hand, from the same thyroid cell, one of the most aggressive human tumours can arise--undifferentiated or anaplastic thyroid carcinoma--leading to death in a few months. What features of this malignancy account for such paradoxical behaviour? The most common type of thyroid cancer--papillary thyroid carcinoma--stands out among solid tumours because many of the tumour-initiating events have been identified. All of them function in a single pathway--the RTK/RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway--and obey an 'exclusivity principle': one and only one component of the pathway is mutated in a single tumour. This highlights the requirement of this signal transduction pathway for the transformation to thyroid cancer and paves the way to targeted therapies against a tumour with a mutation in a known gene or any gene upstream of the target. However, it is also interesting to underscore the differences among the tumours arising from the different mutations. Studies in vitro and in vivo, including genomic profiling and genetically engineered mouse models, have clearly shown that each oncoprotein exerts its own oncogenic drive, conferring a distinct biological behaviour on thyroid tumours. In this review, we attempt to summarise the most recent advances in thyroid follicular cell-derived cancers research and their potential clinical impact that may change the management of thyroid cancer in the near future.
Conglutinin Binds The HIV‐1 Envelope Glycoprotein gpl60 and Inhibits its Interaction with Cell Membrane CD4 (1991)

The highly glycosylated envelope glycoprotein (gp 160) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts with the CD4 molecule present on the membrane of CD4+ cells and is involved in the pathobiology of HIV infection. Lectins bind glycoproteins through non-covalent interactions with specific hexose residues. The mammalian C-type lectin bovine conglutinin was examined for its ability to interact with recombinant gp160 (rgp160) produced in vaccinia virus-infected BHK21 cells. Specific binding of conglutinin to rgp160 was demonstrated by ELISA. The interaction of bovine conglutinin with rgp160 was calcium-dependent, which is characteristic of the binding of a C-type lectin to its ligand, and the binding was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Deglycosylation of rgp160 abrogated the conglutinin binding. In addition, conglutinin exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of the binding of rgp160 to the CD4 receptor on CEM 13 cells, as demonstrated by FACS analyses. These results indicate that conglutinin may inhibit the infection with HIV-1 through its interaction with the viral envelope glycoprotein.
Radiation recall pneumonitis induced by chemotherapy after thoracic radiotherapy for lung cancer (2011)

Doctors should pay attention to RRP even after a long time from the previous radiotherapy or after several cycles of consolidation chemotherapy. Taxanes are likely to be associated with radiation recall more frequently. Withdrawal of causative agent and application of steroids are the treatment of choice. Patients may be rechallenged safely with steroid cover and careful observation, which needs to be validated.
A similarity value transformation method for probabilistic scoring (2003)

A method to transform a similarity measure into a probability measure which indicates the reliability of classification is shown. A statistical model for the similarity value distribution is introduced for efficient estimation from a small number of samples. It is theoretically derived that the similarity value distribution in the multiple similarity method belongs to the family of Gamma distribution under this model. Several experiments were carried out to give support to the similarity value distribution model. It is shown that the estimated posterior probability using the proposed method proves effective for pattern recognition, such as connected-digit speech recognition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regeneration of Pinusolide from Its 17-Nor-8-oxo Derivative (1997)

For metabolic study of pinusolide, a naturally occurring platelet activating factor antagonist, a synthetic method for preparation of radiolabeled pinusolide was studied. Pinusolide was first oxidized with to 17-nor-8-oxo compound (2), which was subsequently converted to pinusolide by treatment with the Lombardo reagent . The Wittily reaction was unsuccessful in the latter carbonyl methylenation of 2.
Regulation of spindle and kinetochore‐associated protein 1 by antitumor <i>miR‐10a‐5p</i> in renal cell carcinoma (2017)

Analysis of our original microRNA (miRNA) expression signature of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) showed that microRNA-10a-5p (miR-10a-5p) was significantly downregulated in RCC specimens. The aims of the present study were to investigate the antitumor roles of miR-10a-5p and the novel cancer networks regulated by this miRNA in RCC cells. Downregulation of miR-10a-5p was confirmed in RCC tissues and RCC tissues from patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Ectopic expression of miR-10a-5p in RCC cell lines (786-O and A498 cells) inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. Spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 1 (SKA1) was identified as an antitumor miR-10a-5p target by genome-based approaches, and direct regulation was validated by luciferase reporter assays. Knockdown of SKA1 inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion in RCC cells. Overexpression of SKA1 was observed in RCC tissues and TKI-treated RCC tissues. Moreover, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database demonstrated that low expression of miR-10a-5p and high expression of SKA1 were significantly associated with overall survival in patients with RCC. These findings showed that downregulation of miR-10a-5p and overexpression of the SKA1 axis were highly involved in RCC pathogenesis and resistance to TKI treatment in RCC.
Interleukin-7 HIV Transmission to Cervico-Vaginal Tissue in vivo (2013)

The majority of HIV-1 infections in women transmit through vaginal intercourse, in which virus-containing semen is deposited on the cervico-vaginal mucosa. Semen is more than a mere carrier of HIV-1, since it contains many biological factors, in particular cytokines, that may affect HIV-1 transmission. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-7, one of the most prominent cytokines in semen of healthy individuals, is further increased in semen of HIV-1-infected men. Here, we investigated the potential role of IL-7 in HIV-1 vaginal transmission in an ex vivo system of human cervico-vaginal tissue. We simulated an in vivo situation by depositing HIV-1 on cervico-vaginal tissue in combination with IL-7 at concentrations comparable with those measured in semen of HIV-1-infected individuals. We found that IL-7 significantly enhanced virus replication in ex vivo infected cervico-vaginal tissue. Similarly, we observed an enhancement of HIV-1 replication in lymphoid tissue explants. Analysis of T cells isolated from infected tissues showed that IL-7 reduced CD4+ T cell depletion preventing apoptosis, as shown by the decrease in the number of cells expressing the apoptotic marker APO2.7 and the increase in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2. Also, IL-7 increased the fraction of cycling CD4+ T cells, as evidenced by staining for the nuclear factor Ki-67. High levels of seminal IL-7 in vivo may be relevant to the survival of the founder pool of HIV-1-infected cells in the cervico-vaginal mucosa at the initial stage of infection, promoting local expansion and dissemination of HIV infection.
Status of high efficiency, low cost n-type silicon solar cells (2017)

In this article we report on the latest update of our double-side contacted n-type Cz Si based back junction solar cell development. The solar cells have been manufactured by adopting a new low cost emitter formation process instead of a high-temperature boron diffusion tube furnace process. This approach allows for the reduction of the process complexity and therefore costs which are driven to a level similar to those of a standard p-type Si PERC process. The impact of the rear contact design of the n-Si solar cell is studied by using line and point contacts and various metal fractions of the point contact (7 % to 29 %). The n-Si solar cell structure with line contacts (fraction of 7 %) resulted in an efficiency of 19.2 % with an open circuit voltage of 647 mV and a fill factor of 74.2 %. The use of a point contact pattern (fraction of 7 %) improved the efficiency to 21.3 % with an open circuit voltage of 663 mV and a fill factor of 79.1 %. The gain of the open circuit voltage results in an efficiency gain of 0.5 %abs. The main efficiency gain of 1.2 %abs is related to an improvement of the fill factor which can be mainly attributed to a reduction of the series resistance losses. After exposing the solar cells to 25 °C and 75 °C at 1 sun illumination for 24 hours no degradation of the performance is observed which proofs the expected stability of n-type Cz Si based solar cells.
Multiple Abdominal Organ Segmentation: An Atlas-Based Fuzzy Connectedness Approach (2007)

Organ segmentation is an important step in various medical image applications. In this paper, a presegmented atlas is incorporated into the fuzzy connectedness (FC) framework for automatic segmentation of abdominal organs. First, the atlas is registered onto the subject to provide an initial segmentation. Then, a novel method is applied to estimate the necessary FC parameters such as organ intensity features, seeds, and optimal FC threshold automatically and subject adaptively. In order to overcome the intensity overlapping between the neighboring organs, a shape modification approach based on Euclidean distance and watershed segmentation is used. This atlas-based segmentation method has been tested on some abdominal CT and MRI images from Chinese patients. Experimental results indicate the validity of this segmentation method for various image modalities.
A Colon Video Analysis Framework for Polyp Detection (2012)

This paper presents an automated video analysis framework for the detection of colonic polyps in optical colonoscopy. Our proposed framework departs from previous methods in that we include spatial frame-based analysis and temporal video analysis using time-course image sequences. We also provide a video quality assessment scheme including two measures of frame quality. We extract colon-specific anatomical features from different image regions using a windowing approach for intraframe spatial analysis. Anatomical features are described using an eigentissue model. We apply a conditional random field to model interframe dependences in tissue types and handle variations in imaging conditions and modalities. We validate our method by comparing our polyp detection results to colonoscopy reports from physicians. Our method displays promising preliminary results and shows strong invariance when applied to both white light and narrow-band video. Our proposed video analysis system can provide objective diagnostic support to physicians by locating polyps during colon cancer screening exams. Furthermore, our system can be used as a cost-effective video annotation solution for the large backlog of existing colonoscopy videos.
The direction of base-catalyzed aldol cyclization of 1,5 diketones (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe direction of base-catalyzed aldol cyclization of 1,5 diketonesSamuel Danishefsky and Alyce ZimmerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 26, 4059–4064Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00888a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (958 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Visualization of alkaline phosphatase-labelled antibodies on immunoblots by means of formazan staining using indoxyl phosphate and thiazolyl blue. (1990)

Alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibodies on blotting membranes were visualized by means of a modified formazan staining method (Hodson & Skillen 1988). It is based on the standard 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/Nitroblue tetrazolium method, but employs different buffer conditions and thiazolyl blue instead of Nitroblue. It gave a sensitivity of 1 ng albumin in a 12 mm2 dot and less background staining on dot blots than the standard method. The new protocol provides an advantage with regard to ease of staining and preparation of reagents while it equals the former method with respect to sensitivity.
Nitric Oxide: What Role Does it Play in Inflammation and Tissue Destruction? (1995)

Large amount of nitric oxide (NO) are produced at sites of inflammation through the action of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) present in both infiltrating leucocytes and activated, resident tissue cells. However, the role of NO in inflammation remains unclear. NO is a vasodilator, which inhibits the adhesion of neutrophils to the vascular endothelium; it reduces the production of IL-6 by Kupffer cells and chondrocytes, and the production of gamma-IFN and TNF-alpha by splenocytes. The literature provides contradictory information on the effect of NO on vascular leakiness, chemotaxis, prostaglandin production and tissue damage. Increasingly, data suggest that NO is immunosuppressive. Inhibitors of NOS have potent prophylactic activity in several but not all, animal models of inflammatory disease. However, in rat adjuvant arthritis, therapeutic activity is weak. Whether inhibitors of iNOS will be therapeutically useful in human inflammatory diseases cannot be predicted on the basis of present information.
Arylenecyclosiloxane–dimethylsiloxane copolymers (2001)

Abstract The heterofunctional condensation reaction of 1,4‐bis(phenyldichlorosilyl)benzene with dihydroxydiphenylsilane at a 1:4 ratio of initial compounds in the presence of pyridine was investigated and tetrakis(hydroxydiphenylsiloxy)‐1,4‐bis(phenylsilyl)benzene was obtained. The heterofunctional condensation of the tetrakis(hydroxydiphenylsiloxy)‐1,4‐bis(phenylsilyl)benzene with organotrichlorosilanes at a 1:2 ratio of initial compounds in the presence of pyridine produced dichloro‐containing arylenecyclosiloxanes. The dichloro‐containing arylenecyclosiloxanes were obtained in one stage by successive heterofunctional condensation of 1,4‐bis(dichlorophenylsilyl)benzene with dihydroxydiphenylsilane and organotrichlorosilanes in a 1:4:2 ratio in the presence of pyridine. It was established that the yields of dichloro‐containing products were lower. Hydrolysis of dichloroarylenecyclosiloxanes in a neutral condition produced corresponding dihydroxy compounds. Heterofunctional polycondensation of dicloro(dihydroxy)arylenecyclosiloxanes with α,ω‐dihydroxy(bisdimethylamino)dimethylsiloxanes was used to obtain arylenecyclosiloxane‐dimethylsiloxane copolymers. Thermogravimetric, thermomechanical, and roentgenographic investigations of the synthesized copolymers were carried out. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3142–3148, 2001
Macrocyclic Lathyrane Type Diterpene Esters (Jolkinols) from Callus Cultures and Roots of<i>Euphorbia lathyris</i> (1984)

In an acetone extract of callus cultures of Euphorbia lathyris the occurrence of diterpene esters of the lathyrane and ingenane type was investigated. From the extract of the cultures which did not show irritant activity on the mouse ear the non-irritant macrocyclic diterpene esters jolkinol A and A′ were isolated. Comparative studies of irritant extracts of roots and of aerial parts resulted in the isolation of jolkinol B from roots. The irritant activities of these plant parts of E. lathyris most probably indicate the presence of ingenane type diterpene esters previously isolated from seeds and latex.
A simple two-dimensional model for subthreshold channel-length modulation in short-channel MOSFETs (1993)

A physical yet simple model that describes subthreshold channel-length modulation and its complex relationship with drain-induced barrier lowering (DIB) in short-channel MOSFETs is derived. The underlying quasi-two-dimensional analysis produced a V/sub DS/-independent value for the modulated channel length in weak inversion, which can be used to simplify and correct subthreshold current simulation. The model, supported by numerical device simulation, further gives insight regarding how channel-length modulation scales with structural parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temporally integrated surface reconstruction (2002)

A solution is presented to the problem of obtaining and improving an estimate of the 3-D structure of a scene from a sequence of images. The algorithm, which combines single-frame reconstruction techniques and multiple-frame Kalman filtering, is tested on a variety of real motion image sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interconnect effort - a unification of repeater insertion and logical effort (2003)

Interconnects are assuming increasing importance in deep submicron design, however there is a significant gap between industrial design practice and classical results of uniform repeater insertion. This work questions two of the standard assumptions of academic interconnect circuits: 1) the uniformity of repeater sizes and spacing and 2) the boundary between logic and interconnects. This research explores the co-design of logic sizing and repeater insertion for improved delay, power and placement. The technique of logical effort is used to develop the sizing scheme for the logic including polarity considerations. Non-uniform repeater insertion is used to combine cascaded sizing and distributed wire buffering. HSPICE simulations carried out for the 0.18/spl mu/ technology show that combining the sized logic with uniform repeaters is faster than using minimum sized logic circuitry by about 10% while with non-uniform repeaters the gain is about 15%. The average power consumption of non-uniform repeater insertion is less than that of uniform insertion by about 20%. Non-uniform repeater insertion is also less placement sensitive (shifting the position of each repeater in the setup by about 40% results in a delay loss of only about 3% while for uniform repeaters the delay loss is about 20%).
Vielseitige Synthese von Alkinylcyclopropanen aus Olefin‐Perchlorvinylcarben‐Addukten (1986)

Abstract 1‐Chlor‐1‐(trichlorvinyl)cyclopropane 3 , darstellbar aus Olefinen 1 und Tetrachlorcyclopropen ( 2 ), reagieren mit 2 Äquivalenten n‐Butyllithium (Methyllithium) über die 1‐Chlor‐1‐(chlorethinyl)cyclopropane 5 glatt zu den Lithium‐cyclopropylacetyliden 6 , die mit guten bis sehr guten Ausbeuten zu 1‐Chlor‐1‐ethinylcyclopropanen 4 hydrolysiert oder den verschiedensten (1‐Chlorcyclopropyl)acetylen‐Derivaten 9 elektrophil substituiert werden können. Die Möglichkeit, die so ebenfalls erhältlichen trimethylsilyl‐geschützten Acetylene 9 ‐SiMe 3 in 1‐Position erneut zu methylieren/substituieren zu 22 ‐SiMe 3 bis 25 ‐SiMe 3 erweitert die Vielseitigkeit der Methode. Darüber hinaus geben die Edukte 3 in Gegenwart von HMPT mit 3 Äquivalenten n ‐Butyllithium die Dilithioderivate 10 , die zu Acetylenen wie 11 und 12 mit gleichartigen 1,2′‐Substituenten führen. 1,2′‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)‐Derivate 11 ‐SiMe 3 werden leichter durch reduktive Silylierung von 3 mit Magnesium/Trimethylsilylchlorid erhalten; sie lassen sich terminal selektiv zu 27 ‐ H desilylieren. Über Umwandlungen an der Dreifachbindung sind aus all diesen Produkten zahlreiche andere synthetisch weiterverwendbare Cyclopropanderivate wie 33 , 37 und 39 zugänglich.