gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate ternary-valued compiled logic simulation of complex logic networks by OTDD composition (2002)

We describe a technique toward constructing a ternary-valued logic simulator which is free of combinational 'U'-inaccuracies. The method is accurate in the presence of reconvergent fanout, and is described solely in terms of the composition of incompletely-specified functions under Kleenean strong ternary logic. We propose an implementation based on the Ordered Ternary Decision Diagram (OTDD), discuss its limitations, and examine its performance on standard ISCAS 85 benchmarks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How to Share a Quantum Secret (1999)

We investigate the concept of quantum secret sharing. In a $(k,n)$ threshold scheme, a secret quantum state is divided into $n$ shares such that any $k$ of those shares can be used to reconstruct the secret, but any set of $k\ensuremath{-}1$ or fewer shares contains absolutely no information about the secret. We show that the only constraint on the existence of threshold schemes comes from the quantum ``no-cloning theorem,'' which requires that $n<2k$, and we give efficient constructions of all threshold schemes. We also show that, for $k\ensuremath{\le}n<2k\ensuremath{-}1$, then any $(k,n)$ threshold scheme must distribute information that is globally in a mixed state.
Effect of co-channel tone interference on the performance of phase locked loops incorporating a class of nonlinear amplifiers (1998)

Through numerical simulation and hardware experiment, it has been shown that the inclusion of a nonlinear amplifier (NLA) in the structure of a phase locked loop (PLL) degrades the system response when a co-channel tone interference accompanies the input signal.
Conformal Formation of (GeTe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>(1–<i>x</i>)</sub>(Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>)<sub><i>x</i></sub> Layers by Atomic Layer Deposition for Nanoscale Phase Change Memories (2012)

Phase change random access memory appears to be the strongest candidate for next-generation high density nonvolatile memory. The fabrication of ultrahigh density phase change memory (≫1 Gb) depends heavily on the thin film growth technique for the phase changing chalcogenide material, most typically containing Ge, Sb and Te (Ge–Sb–Te). Atomic layer deposition (ALD) at low temperatures is the most preferred growth method for depositing such complex materials over surfaces possessing extreme topology. In this study, [(CH3)3Si]2Te and stable alkoxy-Ge (Ge(OCH3)4) and alkoxy-Sb (Sb(OC2H5)3) metal–organic precursors were used to deposit various layers with compositions lying on the GeTe2–Sb2Te3 tie lines at a substrate temperature as low as 70 °C using a thermal ALD process. The adsorption of Ge precursor was proven to be a physisorption type while other precursors showed a chemisorption behavior. However, the adsorption of Ge precursor was still self-regulated, and the facile ALD of the pseudobinary solid solutions with composition (GeTe2)(1-x)(Sb2Te3)x were achieved. This chemistry-specific ALD process was quite robust against process variations, allowing highly conformal, smooth, and reproducible film growth over a contact hole structure with an extreme geometry. The detailed ALD behavior of binary compounds and incorporation behaviors of the binary compounds in pseudobinary solid solutions were studied in detail. This new composition material showed reliable phase change and accompanying resistance switching behavior, which were slightly better than the standard Ge2Sb2Te5 material in the nanoscale. The local chemical environment was similar to that of conventional Ge2Sb2Te5 materials.
3D vehicle detection using a laser scanner and a video camera (2008)

A new approach for vehicle detection performs sensor fusion of a laser scanner and a video sensor. This combination provides enough information to handle the problem of multiple views of a car. The laser scanner estimates the distance as well as the contour information of observed objects. The contour information can be used to identify the discrete sides of rectangular objects in the laser scanner coordinate system. The transformation of the three-dimensional coordinates of the most visible side to the image coordinate system allows for a reconstruction of its original view. This transformation also compensates size differences in the video image, which are caused by different distances to the video sensor. Afterwards, a pattern recognition algorithm can classify the object's sides based on contour and shape information. Since the number of available object hypotheses is enormously reduced by the laser scanner, the system is applicable in real time. In addition, video-based vehicle detection and additional laser scanner features are fused in order to create a consistent vehicle environment description.
Stable association between strains of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and their human host populations (2004)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important human pathogen in virtually every part of the world. Here we investigate whether distinct strains of M. tuberculosis infect different human populations and whether associations between host and pathogen populations are stable despite global traffic and the convergence of diverse strains of the pathogen in cosmopolitan urban centers. The recent global movement and transmission history of 100 M. tuberculosis isolates was inferred from a molecular epidemiologic study of tuberculosis that spans 12 years. Genetic relationships among these isolates were deduced from the distribution of large genomic deletions, which were identified by DNA microarray and confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of these deletions indicates that they are unique event polymorphisms and that horizontal gene transfer is extremely rare in M. tuberculosis. In conjunction with the epidemiological data, phylogenies reveal three large phylogeographic regions. A host's region of origin is predictive of the strain of tuberculosis he or she carries, and this association remains strong even when transmission takes place in a cosmopolitan urban center outside of the region of origin. Approximate dating of the time since divergence of East Asian and Philippine clades of M. tuberculosis suggests that these lineages diverged centuries ago. Thus, associations between host and pathogen populations appear to be highly stable.
Fixed-threshold polar codes (2013)

We study a family of polar codes whose frozen set is such that it discards the bit channels for which the mutual information falls below a certain (fixed) threshold. We show that if the threshold, which might depend on the code length, is bounded appropriately, a coding theorem can be proved for the underlying polar code. We also give accurate closed-form upper and lower bounds to the minimum distance of the resulting code when the design channel is the binary erasure channel.
Insecticides and our exports (1962)

Abstract Extract Of recent years over many parts of the world there has been a phenomenal increase in the employment of chemicals to aid and protect agricultural production of all kinds. and to preserve the health of plants, animals and man. Some of this increased use of chemicals arises from the intensification of man's fight against insects which menace his health and which, by eating his food supplies or infecting them with disease, offer a serious threat to his survival. Some of the increase results from the use of methods of direct protection of plants and animals against fungal and other diseases and pests; and, in chemical control of weeds, some of the increase reflects the growth of labour-saving methods in agriculture. These are quoted by way of example and show but a few of the uses to which agricultural chemicals are being put.
The nucleotide sequence of the human transcription factor HTF4a cDNA (1992)

A partial cDNA has previously been isolated that encodes HTF4, a new member of the basic helix-loop-helix family of DNA binding proteins. We have reconstructed a full cDNA, designated HTF4a cDNA, which spans the entire HTF4 coding region. The 5' end of the reconstructed cDNA includes an open reading frame encoding a 117-residue polypeptide. Three closely spaced ATG codons in the major open reading frame may potentially serve as sites of initiation for HTF4a synthesis, to yield proteins that contain 682, 675, and 657 amino acid residues, respectively. Pairwise dot matrix analysis indicates that there are at least three distinct human genes which encode proteins related to the Drosophila daughterless.
The ThingWorld modeling system: virtual sculpting by modal forces (1990)

We describe a real-time solid modeling system that is based on the physical analogy of forming clay by applying forces. The system is implemented by simulating real materials as they react to user-supplied forces. Unlike other physically-based modeling approaches, the Thingworld system allows the user to restrict forming action to simple global deformations during the initial "roughing in" phase of modeling, and then later concern themselves with detailing. The Thingworld system also allows users to automatically model existing objects by using measurements taken from the object's surface. These measurements are used to generate artificial forces that mold the computer model much as a human would mold a clay model. Timed examples for constructing solid models are shown.
Learning sparse representations for adaptive compressive sensing (2012)

Breakthrough results in compressive sensing (CS) have shown that high dimensional signals (vectors) can often be accurately recovered from a relatively small number of non-adaptive linear projection observations, provided that they possess a sparse representation in some basis. Subsequent efforts have established that the reconstruction performance of CS can be improved by employing additional prior signal knowledge, such as dependency in the location of the non-zero signal coefficients (structured sparsity) or by collecting measurements sequentially and adaptively, in order to focus measurements into the proper subspace where the unknown signal resides. In this paper, we examine a powerful hybrid of adaptivity and structure. We identify a particular form of structured sparsity that is amenable to adaptive sensing, and using concepts from sparse hierarchical dictionary learning we demonstrate that sparsifying dictionaries exhibiting the appropriate form of structured sparsity can be learned from a collection of training data. The combination of these techniques (structured dictionary learning and adaptive sensing) results in an effective and efficient adaptive compressive acquisition approach which we refer to as LASeR (Learning Adaptive Sensing Representations).
An improved DC- and Nyquist-free error control line code (2002)

An improved DC- and Nyquist-free error control line code based on the (8,4) extended Hamming code is proposed and its performance is analyzed. To increase its code rate, two blocks of error control codes are used as a line code with simple pre-coding. The proposed code can be well suited for high speed communication links, where DC- and Nyquist-free pulse format, channel error control, and low-complexity encoder-decoder implementations are required. As results of performance analysis, the proposed code shows null points at DC and Nyquist frequency and low levels of complexity. In addition, the proposed code shows wider eyewidth due to its Nyquist-free property.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A ¼-Watt Si P<i>v</i>N X-Band IMPATT (IMPact Avalanche Transit Time) Diode (1966)

An output of 250 mW CW at 12 GHz with an efficiency of 2.8 percent was obtained from an Si PvN diode.
Biomolecular-motor-based autonomous delivery of lipid vesicles as nano- or microscale reactors on a chip (2010)

We aimed to create an autonomous on-chip system that performs targeted delivery of lipid vesicles (liposomes) as nano- or microscale reactors using machinery from biological systems. Reactor-liposomes would be ideal model cargoes to realize biomolecular-motor-based biochemical analysis chips; however, there are no existing systems that enable targeted delivery of cargo-liposomes in an autonomous manner. By exploiting biomolecular-motor-based motility and DNA hybridization, we demonstrate that single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-labeled microtubules (MTs), gliding on kinesin-coated surfaces, acted as cargo transporters and that ssDNA-labeled cargo-liposomes were loaded/unloaded onto/from gliding MTs without bursting at loading reservoirs/micropatterned unloading sites specified by DNA base sequences. Our results contribute to the development of an alternative strategy to pressure-driven or electrokinetic flow-based microfluidic devices.
Acquired resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to cisplatin is multifactorial with cell context-dependent involvement of resistance genes (2016)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal of malignancies, in large measure, due to the propensity of PDAC cells to acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. A better understanding of the molecular basis of acquired resistance is a major focus of contemporary PDAC research. We report here the results of a study to independently develop cisplatin resistance in two distinct parental PDAC cell lines, AsPC1 and BxPC3, and to subsequently examine the molecular mechanisms associated with the acquired resistance. Cisplatin resistance in both resistant cell lines was found to be multifactorial and to be associated with mechanisms related to drug transport, drug inactivation, DNA damage response, DNA repair and the modulation of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that the two resistant cell lines employed alternative molecular strategies in acquiring resistance dictated, in part, by pre-existing molecular differences between the parental cell lines. Collectively, our findings indicate that strategies to inhibit or reverse acquired resistance of PDAC cells to cisplatin, and perhaps other chemotherapeutic agents, may not be generalized but will require individual molecular profiling and analysis to be effective.
The Impact of Dissolved Matter on Fiberline Processes (2018)

The impact of dissolved matter on the performance of four fiberline process stages was investigated: oxygen delignification, hot acid treatment, chlorine dioxide bleaching, and hydrogen peroxide reinforced alkaline extraction. In particular the impact on delignification due to dissolved lignin was studied. The impact of unoxidized and oxidized dissolved matter on lignin and carbohydrate degradation was investigated in a laboratory oxygen delignification stage. It was concluded that the delignification was decreased by the presence of unoxidized dissolved matter but increased in the case of oxidized dissolved matter. Both types of dissolved matter comparably increased the carbohydrate degradation. Thus, the presence of unoxidized dissolved matter impaired the selectivity. In the case of oxidized dissolved matter, the selec­tiv­ity was affected in the same way as when using a higher sodium hydroxide charge. The presence of dissolved matter reduced the efficiency of a laboratory hot acid stage, and subsequently further affected the chemical demand in a following chlorine dioxide stage. In a laboratory chlorine dioxide stage, the presence of dissolved matter reduced the delignifica­tion. The additional chemical demand required to compensate for this reduc­tion was proportional to the content of dissolved matter. Moreover, the total chemical demand was found proportional to the total kappa number of the pulp, that is the sum of the fiber and filtrate kappa numbers. Finally, the presence of dissolved matter in a laboratory hydrogen peroxide reinforced alkaline extrac­tion stage reduced both the delignification and the brightness. Furthermore, mill studies showed that the content of dissolved lignin varied significantly, and often more than the fiber-bound lignin, in a bleaching stage. For chlorine dioxide stages, it was proposed that the chemical consumption could be reduced by controlling the chemical charge based on the sum of the fiber-bound lignin and the dissolved lignin.
Planar array of superheated superconductors: An improved superheated superconducting granule detector (1990)

We have invented a new superheated superconducting granule detector which is a prime candidate for sensing dark matter and which could prove very useful for other applications. The sensor element is a planar array of spherical granules for which the spread in transition temperatures is nearly an order of magnitude smaller than that for a colloidal device. The detecting efficiency for low-energy deposition is thereby significantly increased. Preliminary results are described.
Carrier transport at grain boundaries in semiconductors (1984)

This review describes the characteristics of dislocations in dislocation arrays and grain boundaries as they appear in imperfect and polycrystalline semiconductors. To further the understanding of the electronic features of these structures, metallurgical and crystallographic aspects of grain boundaries are reviewed. Grain-boundary diffusion is discussed as part of the metallurgy of bicrystal interfaces. Carrier transport at grain boundaries is described as it has been developed from the studies on germanium and III-V-compound bicrystals. Important features are lateral blocking layers, longitudinal or sheet conduction, space-charge extension with lateral bias, recombination and photovoltaic effects. Attention is focused on the activity to understand grain-boundary effects in silicon and their influence on electronic materials properties, a research area of particular importance during recent years. The application of silicon polycrystals in solar cells and in microcircuitry in the form of polycrystalline thin films has enhanced the understanding of dislocations and grain boundaries as they are considered here. Propositions for future research conclude this review.
Quaternary Ammonium Salts of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuaternary Ammonium Salts of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octaneShigeru Oae, Bert Hovarth, Clyde Zalut, and Robert HarrisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 9, 1348–1349Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online11 July 2003Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01091a607https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01091a607research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Nosocomial infection and mortality]. (2002)

A retrospective study with 69 deaths occurred at a pediatric hospital in 1993 was undertaken to identify the relationship of nosocomial infection with death. Pneumonia and bloodstream infection were the main site of infection. A higher prevalence of gram-negative bacteria was also observed. The hospital infection was causally related to death in 30.4% and contributed to death in 50.8% of children. The nosocomial infection was causally related to death more frequently in patients classified as having a non fatal disease at admission.
High-Level Feedback Control with Neural Networks (1998)

From the Publisher:
Complex industrial or robotic systems with uncertainty and disturbances are difficult to control. As system uncertainty or performance requirements increase, it becomes necessary to augment traditional feedback controllers with additional feedback loops that effectively add to the system. Some theories of artificial intelligence (AI) are now showing how complex machine systems should mimic human cognitive and biological processes to improve their capabilities for dealing with uncertainty.
This book bridges the gap between feedback control and AI. It provides design techniques for high-level neural-network feedback-control topologies that contain servo-level feedback-control loops as well as AI decision and training at the higher levels. Several advanced feedback topologies containing neural networks are presented, including dynamic output feedback, learning and optimal design, as well as a fuzzy-logic reinforcement controller. The control topologies are intuitive, yet are derived using sound mathematical principles where proofs of stability are given so that closed-loop performance can be relied upon in using these control systems. Computer-simulation examples are given to illustrate the performance.
Near-constant resistivity in 4.2-360 K in a B2 Al2.08CoCrFeNi (2012)

Near-constant electrical resistivity over 4.2 to 360 K in a pseudo-B2 Al2.08CoCrFeNi is reported. Absolute values of coefficients in electrical resistivity equation as a function of temperature, ρ(T) = ρ0 + Aln(T) + BT2 + CT3 + DT, decrease as temperature rises, manifesting that they gradually become less while temperature increases. Overall average temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) in 4.2 to 360 K is 72 ppm/K, with a half-parabolic shape in its resistivity-temperature curve that is similar to Manganin. It shows that the phonon effect on this alloy keeps nearly the same through this temperature range.
Increasing Tuberous Root Production in Dahlia pinnata Cav. with SADH and Chlormequat1 (1972)

Abstract Foliar sprays of succinic acid-2,2 dtmethylhydrazide (SADH) at 2500 ppm and (2-chlorethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat) at 1500 ppm increased no. and size of tuberous roots of dahlias under short-day conditions. Root wt were frequently tripled, both in cultivars which normally form tuberous roots readily, and those which generally form slender, poor-quality roots. Plants grown from roots of treated plants were of excellent size, color, and quality. Similar treatments under long-day conditions caused formation of tuberous roots where untreated cuttings produced only fibrous roots.
LYSOSOMAL ENZYME DISTRIBUTION IN ELECTRICALLY STIMULATED OVINE MUSCLE (1980)

ABSTRACT Six lamb carcasses were split, the left side (ES) was electrically stimulated (25 pulses, 0.5–1 set each at 440V) while the right side (C) served as an unstimulated control. Samples were removed at 1 hr post‐stimulation and assayed for total, free, and specific activities of the lysosomal enzymes β‐glucuronidase and cathepsin‐C. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in percent free activity and a significant decrease in specific sedimentable activity and total activity of both enzymes was found for the ES samples. This indicates that the lysosomal membranes are disrupted due to electrical stimulation. The possible effects of the free lysosomal enzymes on muscle proteins and meat tenderness is discussed.