gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photochromism of Synthetic and Naturally Occurring 2H-Chromenes and 2H-Pyrans (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochromism of Synthetic and Naturally Occurring 2H-Chromenes and 2H-PyransRalph S. Becker and J. MichlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 24, 5931–5933Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00976a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00976a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views870Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of the fibrinolytic system of cultured human vascular endothelium by interleukin 1. (1986)

We examined the effects of human interleukin 1 (IL-1) on the production of fibrinolytic components by cultured human vascular endothelium. Conditioned media collected from IL-1-treated (5 U/ml, 24 h) monolayers exhibited decreased tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, as assessed by fibrin and reverse fibrin-autography. Quantitative immunological assays revealed a 35% decrease in tPA antigen and a 360% increase in active PAI antigen, after incubation for 24 h with 0.6 U/ml IL-1. Maximal effects (approximately 50% decrease in tPA antigen; 400-800% increase in active PAI antigen) were observed with 2.5-5 U/ml IL-1. Changes in tPA and PAI reached a maximum at approximately 24 h and persisted for greater than 48 h. IL-1 induction of endothelial procoagulant activity was more rapid and transient, peaking by 6 h and subsiding by 24 h. Natural monocyte-derived IL-1 and two species of recombinant IL-1 had comparable effects. Heat and polymyxin-B treatments differentiated IL-1 actions from those of endotoxin, which promoted similar endothelial alterations. IL-1 effects on endothelial procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities may contribute to the generation and maintenance of fibrin in pathophysiological settings in vivo.
Characterization of the human Ig guest locus in HAC transgenic cattle (2005)

Human, antigen-specific polyclonal antibodies are in high demand for therapeutic and research applications. However, the supply of these antibodies currently comes from only human donors and cannot satisfy the demand. The application of pathogen-specific human polyclonal antibodies is limited because there are severe restrictions on the kinds of antigens and the immunization protocols that can be used in humans. In the attempt to resolve the issue of the supply of antigen-specific, human polyclonal antibodies, transgenic for human Ig (hIg) animals were created. The most sufficient and promising model was the human artificial chromosome (HAC) transgenic animal. This model was successful due to the most efficient transferring vector CS20, comprising the entire unrearranged human heavy (1.5MB) and lambda locus (1 MB). In order to produce a large quantity of polyclonal hIg, cloned HAC transgenic cattle were created. Highly human-specific and bovine non-cross reactive, polyclonal bovine anti-human antibody and sensitive solid phase ELISA were created to determine, quantify, and characterize hIg in the sera of HAC transgenic cattle. Using the assay, that have been developed in this study; it was found that the majority of the HAC cattle produce hIg. It was also found that both heavy and light chains of hIg are produced by HAC bovines. The heavy chain of hIg undergoes class switching to the IgG and its half-life is 30 days, which is longer than hIgG in humans (21 days) or bovine IgG in bovines (19 days). Highly human-specific and bovine non-cross reactive monoclonal antibodies for the characterization of hIg produced by HAC cattle were created to recognize hIg heavy chain classes/subclasses and light chains. Analysis of the human V lambda genes sequences derived from HAC transgenic cattle demonstrated that human genes undergo extensive rearrangement and somatic hypermutation following normal Ig patterns. This study has demonstrated that hIg produced by HAC cattle diversifies according to normal Ig patterns and undergoes class switching to IgG. The half-life of hIgG is sufficiently long for protection from pathogens of the homozygous Ig deficient HAC cattle, and for harvesting of human IgG. HAC transgenic cattle can be potential donors of human polyclonal Ig.
Engraftment of Donor‐Derived Epithelial Cells in Multiple Organs Following Bone Marrow Transplantation into Newborn Mice (2006)

Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) can engraft as epithelial cells throughout the body, including in the lung, liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract following transplantation into lethally irradiated adult recipients. Except for rare disease models in which marrow-derived epithelial cells have a survival advantage over endogenous cells, the currently attained levels of epithelial engraftment of BMDCs are too low to be of therapeutic benefit. Here we tested whether the degree of bone marrow to epithelial engraftment would be higher if bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were performed on 1-day-old mice, when tissues are undergoing rapid growth and remodeling. BMT into newborn mice after multiple different regimens allowed for robust hematopoietic engraftment, as well as the development of rare donor-derived epithelial cells in the GI tract and lung but not in the liver. The highest epithelial engraftment (0.02%) was obtained in mice that received a preparative regimen of two doses of busulfan in utero. When BMDCs were transplanted into myelosuppressed newborn mice that lacked expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, the chloride channel that is not functional in patients with cystic fibrosis, the engrafted mice showed partial restoration of CFTR channel activity, suggesting that marrow-derived epithelial cells in the GI tract were functional. However, BMT into newborn mice, regardless of the myeloablative regimen used, did not increase the number of bone marrow-derived epithelial cells over that which occurs after BMT into lethally irradiated adult mice.
Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> , <i>Prevotella intermedia</i> , and <i>Prevotella nigrescens</i> spp. Isolated in Spain (1998)

The susceptibilities of 143 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens isolates to 18 antimicrobial agents were tested. All P. gingivalis isolates were susceptible. In contrast, some Prevotella spp. (17%) were resistant to beta-lactams, erythromycin, clindamycin, or tetracycline and carried resistance genes, ermF or tetQ, or beta-lactamases.
Mesopore immobilised copper bis(oxazoline) complexes for enantioselective catalysis (2001)

New supported heterogeneous catalysts have been synthesised through the tethering of copper bis(oxazoline) complexes to the surfaces of MCM-41 and MCM-48 mesoporous materials, and the prepared catalysts shown to be highly active in the enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate.
Effect of xylitol on dental plaque in vivo during carbohydrate challenge (1983)

Xylitol has previously been shown to inhibit acid production in vitro when glucose is used as energy source, and the present studies were carried out to investigate whether this effect was valid in vivo. A solution containing both xylitol and glucose was applied on sucrose-induced 4-day-old plaque in vivo. The xylitol added to the glucose solution inhibited the acid production in the plaque, measured as a drop in pH, compared to using glucose alone. A further reduction in acidogenicity was obtained when xylitol was used as a rinse for 1 hr continuously prior to the glucose challenge.
Comparisons of multipath modeling strategies for the estimation of GPS positioning error (2009)

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5068076&tag=1
Functional Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Core/Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles as Photokilling Agents for Pathogenic Bacteria (2008)

A photokilling approach for pathogenic bacteria is demonstrated using a new type of magnetic nanoprobe as the photokilling agent. In addition to their magnetic property, the nanoprobes have other features including a photocatalytic property and the capacity to target bacteria. The nanoprobes comprise iron oxide/titania (Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2)) core/shell magnetic nanoparticles. As dopamine molecules can self-assemble onto the surface of the titania substrate, dopamine is used as the linker to immobilize succinic anhydride onto the surfaces of the Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2) nanoparticles. This is followed by the immobilization of IgG via amide bonding. We demonstrate that the IgG-Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2) magnetic nanoparticles not only have the capacity to target several pathogenic bacteria, but they also can effectively inhibit the cell growth of the bacteria targeted by the nanoparticles under irradiation of a low-power UV lamp within a short period. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, such as multiantibiotic-resistant S. pyogenes and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are used to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Photo‐Activatable Surfaces for Cell Migration Assays (2013)

Abstract A simple material platform for advanced cell migration studies is presented. It relies on surfaces modified with photo‐activatable adhesion peptides and two light exposure steps to independently trigger attachment and migration. The light‐controlled exposure of adhesive ligands allows precise and selective control over integrin‐mediated adhesion and migration events, including their dynamic variation. By using a microscope‐coupled scanning laser, user‐defined geometry, size and composition of the adhesion and migration spaces are possible and simply defined by the laser scanning parameters. Time lapse and high resolution microscopy are possible during the complete process. The miniaturization capabilities of this assay also allow (i) parallel or sequential migration experiments and controls on the same view field of the microscope, (ii) migration studies in confined and unconventional geometries or (iii) activation of migration spaces at subcellular resolution, all of these with minimum material and time consumption. The photo‐activatable surfaces will allow studies of the dynamics of integrin‐dependent migration processes with unprecedented flexibility, multiplexing, reproducibility, and spatiotemporal resolution.
Urdu Optical Character Recognition Systems: Present Contributions and Future Directions (2018)

This paper gives an across-the-board comprehensive review and survey of the most prominent studies in the field of Urdu optical character recognition (OCR). This paper introduces the OCR technology and presents a historical review of the OCR systems, providing comparisons between the English, Arabic, and Urdu systems. Detailed background and literature have also been provided for Urdu script, discussing the script's past, OCR categories, and phases. This paper further reports all state-of-the-art studies for different phases, namely, image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification/recognition, and post-processing for an Urdu OCR system. In the segmentation section, the analytical and holistic approaches for Urdu text have been emphasized. In the feature extraction section, a comparison has been provided between the feature learning and feature engineering approaches. Deep learning and traditional machine learning approaches have been discussed. The Urdu numeral recognition systems have also been deliberated concisely. The research paper concludes by identifying some open problems and suggesting some future directions.
miR-375 induces docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer by targeting SEC23A and YAP1 (2016)

miR-375 is involved in development of chemo-resistance to docetaxel through regulating SEC23A and YAP1 expression. Our results suggest that miR-375 or its target genes, SEC23A or YAP1, might serve as potential predictive biomarkers to docetaxel-based chemotherapy and/or therapeutic targets to overcome chemo-resistance in mCRPC stage.
Decision Analysis with Multiple Conflicting Objectives, Preferences and Value Tradeoffs (1975)

This working paper is the manuscript for a book titled "Decision Analysis with Multiple Conflicting Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs" being published by John Wiley and Sons, New York. It is being distributed now in very limited number prior to formal publication both (1) to facilitate the use of these results within the IIASA projects, and (2) to elicit comments on their content. \n\nThe work reported here began over five years ago when Ralph L. Keeney was affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Howard Raiffa was at Harvard University. The finalization of this work has taken place at IIASA where our interactions with various members of the applied projects has helped to make the presentation more useful to potential practitioners. \n\nEfforts are now beginning to utilize the theories and procedures outlined in this book on the problems being addressed by the applied projects of IIASA. We plan to report on these developments in the various IIASA publications in the near future.
Chelate Effects in Glyme/Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide Solvate Ionic Liquids. I. Stability of Solvate Cations and Correlation with Electrolyte Properties (2014)

To develop a basic understanding of a new class of ionic liquids (ILs), "solvate" ILs, the transport properties of binary mixtures of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Li[TFSA]) and oligoethers (tetraglyme (G4), triglyme (G3), diglyme (G2), and monoglyme (G1)) or tetrahydrofuran (THF) were studied. The self-diffusion coefficient ratio of the solvents and Li(+) ions (Dsol/DLi) was a good metric for evaluating the stability of the complex cations consisting of Li(+) and the solvent(s). When the molar ratio of Li(+) ions and solvent oxygen atoms ([O]/[Li(+)]) was adjusted to 4 or 5, Dsol/DLi always exceeded unity for THF and G1-based mixtures even at the high concentrations, indicating the presence of uncoordinating or highly exchangeable solvents. In contrast, long-lived complex cations were evidenced by a Dsol/DLi ∼ 1 for the longer G3 and G4. The binary mixtures studied were categorized into two different classes of liquids: concentrated solutions and solvate ILs, based on Dsol/DLi. Mixtures with G2 exhibited intermediate behavior and are likely the borderline dividing the two categories. The effect of chelation on the formation of solvate ILs also strongly correlated with electrolyte properties; the solvate ILs showed improved thermal and electrochemical stability. The ionicity (Λimp/ΛNMR) of [Li(glyme or THF)x][TFSA] exhibited a maximum at an [O]/[Li(+)] ratio of 4 or 5.
Expression of somatostatin mRNA in various differentiated types of gastric carcinoma (1998)

ＥｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｍａｔｏｓｔａｔｉｎｍＲＮＡｉｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｅｄｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｇａｓｔｒｉｃｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａＺＨＡＮＧＱｉｎＸｉａｎ，ＤＯＵＹｉｎｇＬｉ，ＳＨＩＸｕｅＹｉａｎｄＤＩＮＧＹｉＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈ...
marketing the environment (1992)

Russell Lewis shows how, contrary to widespread belief, free markets tend to improve the environment while socialism and Green regulation destroy it.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Poly(lactide)s:  Effects of Molecular Weight, <scp>l</scp>-Lactide Content, and Enantiomeric and Diastereoisomeric Polymer Blending (2001)

Nonblended poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) films having different molecular weights and nonblended poly(lactide) (PLA) films, enantiomeric blend films from PLLA and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), and diastereoisomeric blend films of poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA) with either PLLA or PDLA, having different L-lactide (LLA) contents (X(LLA)s) in the range of 0-0.99, were amorphous made by melt-quenching. The effects of molecular weight, X(LLA), and average L- and D-lactyl unit sequence length (l(L) and l(D), respectively) on the enzymatic hydrolysis of the films were investigated in the presence of proteinase K. The enzymatic hydrolysis rate (R(EH)) of PLLA estimated by gravimetry increased monotonically with the inverse of number-average molecular weight (M(n)). The extrapolation of R(EH) of PLLA to M(n)(-1) = 0, where no exo-chain-scission takes place, gave a positive R(EH) value (1.75 microg/(mm(2).h)), meaning that the enzymatic hydrolysis of PLLA proceeds via both endo- and exo-chain-scission. The R(EH) of the nonblended films as well as the enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric blend films decreased monotonically with the decease in X(LLA) and finally became zero for X(LLA) below 0.3. The R(EH) values of the blend films of PLLA and PDLLA with PDLA (l(D) = infinity) were lower than expected, while the R(EH) values of the blend films of PLLA with PDLLA (l(D) = 4) agreed completely with the expected values. These results reveal that the nonblended PLA films are enzymatically hydrolyzable when X(LLA) and l(L) are higher than 0.3 and 3, respectively, and l(D) is lower than 10 and that the presence of long D-lactyl unit sequences (l(D) > 4) as in PDLA hinders the enzymatic hydrolysis of long L-lactyl unit sequences even when long D- and L-lactyl unit sequences are present in the different molecules.
Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (1987)

This book offers a treatment of the development of the promising new technology of amorphous silicon solar cells. It reviews the basic operating principles and design of solar cells based on crystalline material, and the technology used to produce cells. It then delves into the fundamental physics of amorphous semiconductors relating to the device physics of amorphous silicon solar cells.
Modeling Opportunity Driven Multiple Access in UMTS (2004)

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification TR 25.924 proposed the opportunity driven multiple access (ODMA) mechanism for the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). According to the maximum transmission bit rate that can be achieved between a UMTS Node-B and user equipment (UE), the coverage area of a Node-B is divided into two regions: high-bit-rate region (where a high bit rate can be used to deliver the packets for the UEs) and low-bit-rate region (where, due to hostile losses, the packets for the UEs can only be transmitted with low bit rate). The ODMA mechanism increases the transmission bit rate for the UEs in Region L by relaying the transmissions between a Node-B and UEs in Region L over a number of hops. However, more radio resource is consumed to serve a transmission with ODMA than that without ODMA, which may affect the quality of service (QoS) for other packet transmissions. In this paper, we propose an analytical model and simulation experiments to investigate the performance of the ODMA and non-ODMA networks in terms of the average transmission rate, packet blocking probability, and code channel utilization. Our study indicates that when the network traffic is not heavy, the ODMA mechanism significantly improves the average transmission rate and code channel utilization for the user packets by slightly reducing the QoS for other packet transmissions (i.e., packet blocking probability).
Influence of Carbon Additives on Cathode Materials, LiCoO<sub>2</sub> and LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (2012)

Carbon additives are very important components of cathodes in Li-ion batteries. This is because carbon is an electronic conductor whereas cathode materials are ionic conductors. Without the presence of carbon, the electrons will not be able to flow and there will be space charge built-up in the materials. Carbon therefore facilitates the conductivity of charged species in the cathode materials and help to disperse the negative charge accumulation which may otherwise impede Li-ion diffusion within the cathodes. In this work, two types of carbon, namely, activated carbon (micron sized) and Denka Black (nano sized) were used in conjunction with the cathode materials LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 . The amounts of cathode materials were kept constant while the amounts of carbon additives were varied. Galvanostatic charge-discharge was done over a voltage range of 4.2 V to 3.2 V. Results showed that Denka Black gives improved performance for both cathode material. This is believed to be due to the effect of nano sized particles of Denka Black.
Therapeutic advances in muscular dystrophy (2013)

The muscular dystrophies comprise a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that produce progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. There has been rapid growth and change in our understanding of these disorders in recent years, and advances in basic science are being translated into increasing numbers of clinical trials. This review will discuss therapeutic developments in 3 of the most common forms of muscular dystrophy: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy. Each of these disorders represents a different class of genetic disease (monogenic, epigenetic, and repeat expansion disorders), and the approach to therapy addresses the diverse and complex molecular mechanisms involved in these diseases. The large number of novel pharmacologic agents in development with good biologic rationale and strong proof of concept suggests there will be an improved quality of life for individuals with muscular dystrophy.
A simple and versatile method for the preparation of vector-primers by adapter-end-primer ligation. (1989)

A group of efficient cDNA cloning strategies employs vector-primers where cDNA synthesis starts from the oligo(dT)-primer tail, which is conventionally attached to cloning vectors by use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. An alternative, efficient and more versatile method of vector-primer preparation is to directly ligate, by use of T4 DNA ligase, a double-digested vector, e.g., pTZ18R/Pst I/Bam HI, to a synthetic (Bam HI)-adapter-end-primer, 5'-pGATCC-Tn or 5'-pGATCC-site-specific sequence. The use of a utility-vector containing a sizable spacer between the two selected restriction sites enables unambiguous separation on agarose gels of the double-digested vector precursors from single-digested ones, further simplifying the vector preparation. The adapter-end-primer ligation method can be applied to any suitable vectors with multiple cloning sites for the preparation of not only oligo(dT)-tailed, but also site-specific sequence-tailed vectors. Thus, the method enables the cDNA cloning of total poly (A+)-mRNAs, as well as specific RNA or mRNA species with or without poly(A)-tail.