gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mild and efficient method of aromatic fluorination (1979)

M. N. Rosenfeld and D. A. Widdowson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 914 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000914
Introduction: Our place in time: A preliminary reflection (1999)

Our Place in Time: Exploring Heritage and Memory in Singapore
Use of pulsed‐UV processes to destroy NDMA (2003)

Bench‐scale experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of using pulsed‐ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and pulsed‐UV/hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) processes to destroy N ‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The effects of various UV and H 2 O 2 dosages and source waters, as well as nitrate (NO 3 – ) and initial NDMA concentrations, were investigated as control parameters for both completely mixed batch reactor and continuously stirred tank reactor tests. The presence of compounds that interfere with UV light (e.g., NO 3 – ) and the formation of total trihalomethanes after pulsed‐UV treatment were also studied. Pulsed‐UV technology was highly effective for destroying NDMA. The pseudo–first‐order rate constants were calculated to be in the range of 1.4 to 12.2 min –1 . This technology offers other benefits (e.g., disinfection) and can be applied directly to drinking water treatment. However, potential concerns in pulsed‐UV photolysis of NDMA include (1) the formation of undesirable chemicals as reaction intermediates and (2) possible reformation/regeneration of NDMA after chlorination of pulsed‐UV–treated effluent. Pulsed‐UV with a small amount of H 2 O 2 could be used to control the reaction by‐products and to inhibit the reformation of NDMA by using hydroxyl radicals generated during an advanced oxidation process. In contrast, pulsed‐UV with a larger amount of H 2 O 2 could inhibit NDMA decay by direct photolysis.
Coronary artery bypass grafting in dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis. (2003)

Dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital abnormality of development involving a left-handed malrotation of the visceral organs. The incidence of coronary artery disease in this condition is probably similar to that in the general population. We report herein the case of a 62-year-old man with dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis who underwent myocardial revascularization by the use of right internal mammary artery and radial artery.
Leukotriene B. Total synthesis and assignment of stereochemistry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLeukotriene B. Total synthesis and assignment of stereochemistryE. J. Corey, Anthony Marfat, Giichi Goto, and Francis BrionCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 27, 7984–7985Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00547a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00547a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views915Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Le niveau d'instruction de la population active américaine (1952-1971) (1972)

H. J. Le niveau d'instruction de la population active américaine (1952-1971). In: Population, 27ᵉ année, n°3, 1972. pp. 518-520.
Nanomaterials, Inflammation, and Tissue Engineering (2014)

Nanomaterials exhibit unique properties that are absent in the bulk material because decreasing material size leads to an exponential increase in surface area, surface area to volume ratio, and effective stiffness, resulting in altered physiochemical properties. Diverse categories of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanoporous scaffolds, nanopatterned surfaces, nanofibers, and carbon nanotubes can be generated using advanced fabrication and processing techniques. These materials are being increasingly incorporated in tissue engineering scaffolds to facilitate the development of biomimetic substitutes to replace damaged tissues and organs. Long-term success of nanomaterials in tissue engineering is contingent upon the inflammatory responses they elicit in vivo. This review seeks to summarize the recent developments in our understanding of biochemical and biophysical attributes of nanomaterials and the inflammatory responses they elicit, with a focus on strategies for nanomaterial design in tissue engineering applications.
Investigating the Interaction of Octapeptin A3 with Model Bacterial Membranes (2017)

Octapeptins are cyclic lipopeptides with a broader spectrum of activity against fungi and polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of octapeptin A3 with asymmetric outer membrane models of Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa using neutron reflectometry, together with fluorimetric and calorimetry methods. For the first time, our neutron reflectometry results reveal that the interaction of octapeptin A3 with the Gram-negative outer membrane involves an initial transient polar interaction with the phospholipid and lipid A headgroups, followed by the penetration of the entire octapeptin molecule into the fatty acyl core of the outer membrane. This mechanism contrasts with that of polymyxin B, which specifically targets lipid A, whereas octapeptins appear to target both lipid A and phospholipids. Furthermore, the mechanism of octapeptins does not appear to be highly dependent on an initial complementary electrostatic interaction with lipid A, which accounts for their ability to bind to lipid A of polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria that is modified with cationic moieties that act to electrostatically repel the cationic polymyxin molecule. The presented findings shed new light on the mechanism whereby octapeptins penetrate the outer membrane of polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens and highlight their potential as candidates for development as new antibiotics against problematic multi-drug-resistant pathogens.
Segmentation and interpretation of MR brain images. An improved active shape model (1998)

This paper reports a novel method for fully automated segmentation that is based on description of shape and its variation using point distribution models (PDM's). An improvement of the active shape procedure introduced by Cootes and Taylor to find new examples of previously learned shapes using PDM's is presented. The new method for segmentation and interpretation of deep neuroanatomic structures such as thalamus, putamen, ventricular system, etc. incorporates a priori knowledge about shapes of the neuroanatomic structures to provide their robust segmentation and labeling in magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. The method was trained in eight MR brain images and tested in 19 brain images by comparison to observer-defined independent standards. Neuroanatomic structures in all testing images were successfully identified. Computer-identified and observer-defined neuroanatomic structures agreed well. The average labeling error was 7%+/-3%. Border positioning errors were quite small, with the average border positioning error of 0.8+/-0.1 pixels in 256 x 256 MR images. The presented method was specifically developed for segmentation of neuroanatomic structures in MR brain images. However, it is generally applicable to virtually any task involving deformable shape analysis.
Copper Inhibits the Water and Glycerol Permeability of Aquaporin-3 (2004)

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is an aquaglyceroporin expressed in erythrocytes and several other tissues. Erythrocytes are, together with kidney and liver, the main targets for copper toxicity. Here we report that both water and glycerol permeability of human AQP3 is inhibited by copper. Inhibition is fast, dose-dependent, and reversible. If copper is dissolved in carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer, the natural buffer system in our body, doses in the range of those observed in Wilson disease and in copper poisoning caused significant inhibition. AQP7, another aquaglyceroporin, was insensitive to copper. Three extracellular amino acid residues, Trp128, Ser152, and His241, were identified as responsible for the effect of copper on AQP3. We have previously shown that Ser152 is involved in regulation of AQP3 by pH. The fact that Ser152 mediates regulation of AQP3 by copper may explain the phenomenon of exquisite sensitivity of human erythrocytes to copper at acidic pH. When AQP3 was co-expressed with another AQP, only glycerol but not water permeability was inhibited by copper. Our results provide a better understanding of processes that occur in severe copper metabolism defects such as Wilson disease and in copper poisoning.
Controlling information: who, what, how? (1988)

A nursing information systems task force at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania developed a user classification scheme to assign access privileges to their personnel. By implementing this process, hospital administrators can ensure that their computer access policy protects the patient's privacy while allowing the availability of necessary information to the appropriate personnel.
A phase II dose-ranging study of topical resiquimod to treat actinic keratosis (2008)

Efficacy in clearing AK lesions was similar between the resiquimod concentrations evaluated, but resiquimod 0.01% and 0.03% were better tolerated than the higher concentrations.
Isolation and characterization of the Drosophila retinal degeneration B (rdgB) gene. (1991)

Retinal degeneration-B (rdgB) mutants of Drosophila melanogaster undergo rapid light-induced retinal degeneration. We conducted a molecular characterization of the rdgB gene to examine the nature of the gene product. Through the isolation and analysis of X-ray-induced rdgB alleles, the cytogenetic position of the gene was determined to be the 12C1 salivary region. Genomic DNA corresponding to this region was isolated by a chromosomal walk. The chromosomal aberrations associated with the three X-ray-induced rdgB alleles were shown to be within a 5-kb genomic region. A single transcription unit was affected by the alleles, identifying it as the rdgB gene. RNA-RNA Northern hybridization indicated the rdgB gene transcribed five mRNAs ranging in size from 3.9 to 9.5 kb. These mRNAs were expressed in adult heads, but not detected in bodies. Analysis of RNA isolated from wild-type and eyes absent heads indicated that rdgB mRNA expression was not restricted to the retina. DNA sequence analysis of the transcription unit revealed an open reading frame capable of encoding a 116-kD transmembrane protein. The deduced protein shows no overall homology to previously described proteins, but has sequences in common with proposed functional domains of Ca(2+)-ATPase.
Expression of Cyclin‐dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/Kipl and AP‐1 Coactivator p38/Jabl Correlates with Differentiation of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (2002)

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27/Kip1 (p27) is a diagnostic and prognostic marker of various malignancies. Low expression of p27 reflects poor differentiation and poor prognosis, and an inverse correlation between the expression of p27 and degree of tumor malignancy has been reported. Because p27 mutation is extremely rare in human tumors, it is important to study the expression of p27 and its inactivator, p38/Jab1 (JAB1). Here we analyzed the expression of p27 and JAB1 by immunohistochemistry in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (E-RMS). We first confirmed the expression of p27 and JAB1 in normal human tonsillar epithelium, and observed a coordinated expression pattern depending on cell differentiation. Subsequently, specimens of eight poorly- and three well-differentiated E-RMS were examined for the expression of p27 and JAB1. The analyses revealed that four out of eight poorly-differentiated E-RMS were negative for p27, with positivity for nuclear JAB (NJAB) (- / + for p27/NJAB) in three and negativity for any JAB-1 expression ( - / -) in one. The remaining four poorly-differentiated E-RMS expressed p27 in the nuclei, together with predominant NJAB (+ / +). In three well-differentiated E-RMS, only one expressed nuclear p27 and all of these three expressed no NJAB (+ / - for p27/NJAB), but expressed predominant cytoplasmic JAB1 (CJAB). These findings suggest that JAB1 may play an important role in determining the differentiation stage of rhabdomyosarcoma cells by modulating the activity of CDK inhibitor p27.
Wiretapping the Mind: A Call to Regulate Truth Verification in Employment (1984)

This Article examines the controversy surrounding industry's use of truth verification techniques. The author reviews the theories surrounding the use of these techniques and discusses the competing interests of an employee's right to privacy and management's right to be secure from employee deception. The author concludes by calling for regulation of truth verification techniques in the employment relationship.
Application of inorganic sorbent in actinide separation processes (1979)

For several reasons--poor hydraulic behavior, unsatisfactory sorption kinetics, unavailability, in some cases of commercial quantities, etc.--inorganic sorbents have not heretofore been used extensively in the backend of the nuclear fuel cycle. A potential breakthrough in plant scale application of such sorbents in nuclear liquid waste treatment may ensue from research currently underway at several U.S. Department of Energy sites. At Mound Laboratories, calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca/sub 10/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 6/(OH)/sub 2/), obtained from the Kerr-McGee Co., has been shown in both batch and column tests to effectively remove /sup 238/Pu from certain aqueous wastes generated there; costs and benefits of incorporation of one or more beds of Ca/sub 10/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 6/(OH)/sub 2/ in the Mound Laboratory waste treatment circuit are being evaluated. An ion exchange process which takes advantage of the great affinity and capacity of sodium titanate (Na(Ti/sub 2/O/sub 5/H)) for greater than or equal to +2 ions from high alkaline salt solutions has been successfully developed and demonstrated for reduction of plutonium and /sup 241/Am concentrations of Hanford Plutonium Reclamation Facility salt waste to drinking water levels. Batch distribution data obtained at Sandia Laboratories indicates Na(Ti/sub 2/O/sub 5/H) may also be useful in chromatographic separation of Am/sup 3 +/ and Cm3/sup +/. Pertinent properties of these inorganic sorbents as well as separation process flowsheets and data are reviewed in this paper.
Influence of Thiameturon and DPX-L5300 on Wild Oats (<i>Avena fatua</i>) Control with Barban, Diclofop, AC 222,293, and Difenzoquat (1988)

In field studies, wild oat control with AC 222,293 and difenzoquat was not reduced when each herbicide was applied in combination with thiameturon or DPX-L5300. Mixtures of barban with thiameturon gave wild oats control similar to barban applied alone, but mixtures of barban with DPX-L5300 sometimes gave less wild oats control than barban applied alone. Control was reduced when diclofop was applied in combination with thiameturon in 1985 but not in 1986. When antagonism occurred, addition of crop oil concentrate (COC) at 1.2 L/ha to the diclofop-thiameturon spray mixture overcame the antagonism. When diclofop was applied in combination with DPX-L5300, control was reduced and antagonism could not be overcome by increasing the diclofop rate or by adding COC to the spray mixture. In greenhouse studies the inert ingredients in the thiameturon and DPX-L5300 formulations did not antagonize diclofop activity on wild oats. TLC analysis of 14 C-diclofop solutions with and without thiameturon or DPX-L5300 revealed neither degradation products of diclofop nor evidence of complexing between diclofop and thiameturon or diclofop and DPX-L5300. Diclofop antagonism by thiameturon or DPX-L5300 was not due to a chemical or physical interaction between the herbicides in the spray mixture.
Micromachined conformal packages for microwave and millimeter-wave applications (2002)

High frequency circuit performance is significantly influenced by its RF package configuration. This paper presents the use of Si micromachining to develop a miniature package that conforms to the circuit geometry while providing physical and electromagnetic shielding. The advantages of a conformal package, other than reduced size, are control of package resonances, the capability to isolate individual circuit elements and improve circuit performance through elimination of parasitic radiation. In addition, the use of micromachining provides reduced fabrication tolerances and most importantly lower cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
QUILT: a geographic information system based on quadtrees† (1990)

This paper describes QUILT, a prototype geographic information system (GIS) that uses the quadtree data structure as the underlying representation for cartographic data. While QUILT contains many features typically available in a GIS, its primary purpose is to serve as a testbed for the design and testing of new data structures and algorithms for use in computer cartography. Quadtree variants for region, point and line data are implemented using the linear quadtree, organized on disk by a B-tree. QUILT provides a simple attribute attachment system which associates non-spatial data with geographic objects. The user views QUILT as an augmented LISP environment. QUILT's geographic functions include conversion of rasters to and from quadtrees; subset operations to select specified geographic objects; map editing, display, windowing, intersection and union operations; polygon expansion; and computation of geographic object properties such as the centroid, area, perimeter and bounding rectangle for sets of geographic objects.
Generation of high-power terahertz pulses in a prism (2002)

A compact, high-power emitter of half-cycle terahertz (THz) radiation is demonstrated. The device consists of an epitaxial InAs emitter upon a GaAs prism and produces THz pulses that are 20 times more powerful than those from conventional planar InAs emitters. This improvement is a direct result of reorienting the transient THz dipole such that its axis is not perpendicular to the emitting surface.
Signals from the surface modulate differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells through glycosaminoglycans and integrins (2014)

The fate decisions of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells are governed by soluble and insoluble signals from the microenvironment. Many hPS cell differentiation protocols use Matrigel, a complex and undefined substrate that engages multiple adhesion and signaling receptors. Using defined surfaces programmed to engage specific cell-surface ligands (i.e., glycosaminoglycans and integrins), the contribution of specific matrix signals can be dissected. For ectoderm and motor neuron differentiation, peptide-modified surfaces that can engage both glycosaminoglycans and integrins are effective. In contrast, surfaces that interact selectively with glycosaminoglycans are superior to Matrigel in promoting hPS cell differentiation to definitive endoderm and mesoderm. The modular surfaces were used to elucidate the signaling pathways underlying these differences. Matrigel promotes integrin signaling, which in turn inhibits mesendoderm differentiation. The data indicate that integrin-activating surfaces stimulate Akt signaling via integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which is antagonistic to endoderm differentiation. The ability to attribute cellular responses to specific interactions between the cell and the substrate offers new opportunities for revealing and controlling the pathways governing cell fate.
Rational design of a robust aluminum metal-organic framework for multi-purpose water-sorption-driven heat allocations (2020)

Adsorption-driven heat transfer technology using water as working fluid is a promising eco-friendly strategy to address the exponential increase of global energy demands for cooling and heating purposes. Here we present the water sorption properties of a porous aluminum carboxylate metal-organic framework, [Al(OH)(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>4</sub>)]·nH<sub>2</sub>O, KMF-1, discovered by a joint computational predictive and experimental approaches, which exhibits step-like sorption isotherms, record volumetric working capacity (0.36 mL mL<sup>-1</sup>) and specific energy capacity (263 kWh m<sup>-3</sup>) under cooling working conditions, very high coefficient of performances of 0.75 (cooling) and 1.74 (heating) together with low driving temperature below 70 °C which allows the exploitation of solar heat, high cycling stability and remarkable heat storage capacity (348 kWh m<sup>-3</sup>). This level of performances makes this porous material as a unique and ideal multi-purpose water adsorbent to tackle the challenges of thermal energy storage and its further efficient exploitation for both cooling and heating applications.
A fractal based approach to image compression (2005)

We introduce a new approach to the issue of lossy data compression. The basic concept has been inspired by the theory of fractal geometry. The idea is to traverse the entire data string utilizing a fixed length "yardstick". The coding is achieved by transmitting, only, the sign bit (to distinguish between the ascent and the descent) and the horizontal distance covered by the "yardstick". All data values are estimated, at the receiver's site, based on this information. We have applied this approach in the context of image compression, and the preliminary results seem to be very promising. Indeed, the proposed approach is very simple (both conceptually and from the point of view computational complexity), and it seems to be well suited to the psycho-visual characteristics of human eye. The paper includes a brief description of the coding concept. Next a number of possible modifications and extensions are discussed. Finally a number of simulations are included in order to support the theoretical derivations. Good quality images are achieved with as low as .5 bit/pel.
Quantification of global mitochondrial DNA methylation levels and inverse correlation with age at two CpG sites (2016)

Mammalian ageing features biological attrition evident at cellular, genetic and epigenetic levels. Mutation of mitochondrial DNA, and nuclear DNA methylation changes are well established correlates of ageing. The methylation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a new and incompletely described phenomenon with unknown biological control and significance. Here we describe the bisulphite sequencing of mtDNA from 82 individuals aged 18-91 years. We detected low and variable levels of mtDNA methylation at 54 of 133 CpG sites interrogated. Regression analysis of methylation levels at two CpG sites (M1215 and M1313) located within the 12S ribosomal RNA gene showed an inverse correlation with subject age suggesting their utility as epigenetic markers of ageing.