gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive tactile hypersensitivity: an inflammation-induced incremental increase in the excitability of the spinal cord (1996)

Two established phenomena contribute to the generation of post-injury pain hypersensitivity: peripheral sensitization, an increase in transduction sensitivity of high threshold A delta and C-fibre nociceptors, and central sensitization, an increase in excitability of neurones in the spinal cord triggered exclusively by C-fibre inputs. We now describe a novel phenomenon: progressive tactile hypersensitivity, which contributes to a cumulative allodynia during inflammation. Behavioural measurements in conscious intact animals showed that repeated light touch stimuli delivered at 5-min intervals to an inflamed paw, established 48 h earlier by an intra-plantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), resulted in a progressive reduction in the mechanical withdrawal threshold by more than 75%, from its already hypersensitive basal level. This hypersensitive state persisted for several hours after discontinuing the touch stimuli and did not occur in non-inflamed animals. To monitor nociceptive processing and the afferent fibres responsible, we also measured activity in posterior biceps femoris/semitendinosus flexor motor neurones. In non-inflamed decerebrate-spinal rats, the cutaneous mechanical threshold and pinch-evoked activity of these neurones are stable when tested repeatedly at 5-min intervals and are characterised by absent or small responses to low intensity mechanical stimuli or electrical activation of A beta-fibres. In inflamed animals, the spontaneous activity, touch-, pinch- and A beta-afferent-evoked responses of hamstring flexor motor neurones are significantly increased. The flexor reflex becomes, moreover, progressively more sensitized by repetition every 5 min, of standard mechanical stimuli (touch and pinch), that do not modify excitability in control non-inflamed animals. A cumulative increase in A beta-afferent-evoked responses also occurs when the test stimulus only comprises stimulation of the sural nerve at A beta strength (10 Hz, 10 sec), showing that A beta-afferents have the capacity to produce progressive hypersensitivity. Progressive hypersensitivity, measured here as a progressive tactile allodynia after inflammation in either intact or decerebrate-spinal rats, with its gradual build-up and contribution from A beta fibres, is very different from the central sensitization induced by C-fibre stimulation which is characterised by a peak increase in excitability soon after the conditioning input followed by a steady decrement to baseline levels. Progressive hypersensitivity is likely to be the consequence of an alteration in the function and phenotype of afferents innervating inflamed tissue and the pattern of excitation they produce in spinal neurones. The phenomenon may have an important role in the development of inflammatory pain and hypersensitivity.
An Overview Of Temporal Data Mining. (2002)

Temporal Data Mining is a rapidly evolving area of research that is at the intersection of several disciplines, including statistics, temporal pattern recognition, temporal databases, optimisation, visualisation, high-performance computing, and parallel computing. This paper is first intended to serve as an overview of the temporal data mining in research and applications.
An Adaptive Framework for the Execution of Data-Intensive MapReduce Applications in the Cloud (2011)

Cloud computing technologies play an increasingly important role in realizing data-intensive applications by offering a virtualized compute and storage infrastructure that can scale on demand. A programming model that has gained a lot of interest in this context is MapReduce, which simplifies processing of large-scale distributed data volumes, usually on top of a distributed file system layer. In this paper we report on a self-configuring adaptive framework for developing and optimizing data-intensive scientific applications on top of Cloud and Grid computing technologies and the Hadoop framework. Our framework relies on a MAPE-K loop, known from autonomic computing, for optimizing the configuration of data-intensive applications at three abstraction layers: the application layer, the MapReduce layer, and the resource layer. By evaluating monitored resources, the framework configures the layers and allocates the resources on a per job basis. The evaluation of configurations relies on historic data and a utility function that ranks different configurations regarding to the arising costs. The optimization framework has been integrated in the Vienna Grid Environment (VGE), a service-oriented application development environment for providing applications on HPC systems, clusters and Clouds as services. An experimental evaluation of our framework has been undertaken with a data-analysis application from the field of molecular systems biology.
Control of the Imported Fire Ants with Winter Applications of Microencapsulated Mirex Bait13 (1975)

of standard
Overexpression of the serpin megsin induces progressive mesangial cell proliferation and expansion (2002)

Mesangial cells play a central role in maintaining both structure and function of the glomerulus.In order to elucidate pathogenesis of glomerular diseases, we recently cloned a new human mesangium-predominant gene, megsin, which is a new member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily (1).The amino acid sequence in the reactive loop site of megsin exhibits the characteristic features of functional serpins.Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses of various tissues and cells demonstrated that megsin was predominantly expressed in human mesangial cells.These findings were further confirmed by in situ hybridization (1, 2) and by immunohistochemistry using megsin-specific antibodies (3).In IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy, megsin mRNA expression in glomeruli was upregulated (1, 2).A similar upregulation of megsin was observed in the experimental anti-Thy1 nephritis model of rats (4).To further understand a role of megsin in mesangial function, we overexpressed the human megsin cDNA in the mouse genome.Two lines of megsin transgenic mice have been obtained.They developed progressive mesangial matrix expansion, an increase in the number of mesangial cells, and an augmented immune complex deposition.Our in vitro assays utilizing recombinant megsin confirmed that megsin serves as a functional serpin.These findings demonstrate that megsin exerts a biologically relevant influence on mesangial function. MethodsMegsin transgenic mice.To generate the human megsin transgene construct, the entire coding sequence of megsin cDNA was subcloned in the sense orientation into the pBsCAG-2 (5).The megsin transgene isolated by digestion of pBsCAG-2 containing megsin cDNA was microinjected into one pronucleus of fertilized B6C3F1 C57BL/6N hybrid eggs, followed by transfer into the oviducts of pseudopregnant mice as described elsewhere (6).Mouse genomic DNA extracted from tail tissue was used to detect the transgene by Southern blot analysis with megsin transgene probe.Simultaneously, transgenic mice were also identified by PCR using specific primers for megsin or pBsCAG-2 vector.Primers for the cytomegalovirus enhancer (Pr1 in Figure 1a) were CMV-F1 (5-GTC GAC ATT GAT TAT TGA CTA G-3) and CMV-R1 (5-CCA TAA GGT CAT GTA CTG-3), with an amplified 250-bp fragment.Primers for the
Understanding community benefit payments from renewable energy development (2017)

It is increasingly common for renewable energy projects to make financial, or in kind, payments to local communities. These arrangements are variously described as ‘benefits payments’ or ‘compensation schemes’. Similar approaches are now being recommended for other forms of development with potential to engender opposition from local communities (e.g. nuclear power and fracking). While such payments are common, the level of payment, the institutional frameworks involved, and the nature of discourse, varies greatly. Existing literature has sought to record, rather than explain, the diversity of arrangements. To a large extent this diversity is rooted in the power dynamic between developer and community. Three UK case studies are used to highlight the diversity of arrangements, meanings, and power balances, within benefits arrangements. Finally, a typology is developed to illustrate the spectrum of potential arrangements. This typology gives insight into why various arrangements emerge in response to their specific contexts.
REPORT OF THE VISIT TO ITALY ORGANIZED BY THE U.T.P.U.R., SEPTEMBER 1973 (1973)

THE UNION DES TRANSPORTS PUBLICS URBAINS ET REGIONAUX ORGANIZED TWO VISITS IN SEPTEMBER 1973: ONE TO THE UNITED KINGDOM, ONE TO ITALY. THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES THE VISIT TO MILAN AND THE ASPECTS STUDIED : GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TOWN, PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK, TARIFFS, FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM, RESERVED LANES, PEDESTRIANIZED ZONES, UNDERGROUND RAILWAY, STATISTICS FOR 1972. IN SPITE OF THE HIGH LEVEL OF SERVICE OF THE SYSTEM AND THE PATRONAGE OF THE SERVICES BY THE POPULATION, THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED PER YEAR HAS DROPPED FROM 870 MILLION IN 1962 TO 489 MILLION IN 1972.
[Optimization of conditions for ion-pair HPLC of oligonucleotides]. (1997)

Regularities of ion-pair HPLC of oligonucleotides were studied. An algorithm was suggested for the calculation of the acetonitrile gradient providing proportionality between the number of nucleotide residues and the retention time of the oligonucleotide (tR) (equidistant separation of oligonucleotides). The algorithm is based on extrapolation of the results of separation of a test mixture of five oligonucleotides varying in length from 10 to 30 units. It was shown that the logarithmic gradient of acetonitrile C0 + m ln(t) leads to the equidistant separation of oligonucleotides. The separation is characterized by two measured parameters: the retention time step and the extent of equidistantness. A functional dependence of the measured parameters on two varying parameters of the logarithmic function (C0 and m) was established experimentally. A method for calculating the expected retention time of an oligonucleotide from its nucleoside composition was suggested.
OTA extended adjustment range and linearization via programmable current mirrors (2002)

A technique is presented for obtaining an extended g/sub m/ (transconductance) adjustment range and linearization in a CMOS OTA (operational transconductance amplifier) via electronically programmable current mirrors. The mirrors include two outputs for each differential-current input, and the gain at each output may be varied independently. A current differencing technique then results in an overall g/sub m/ for the OTA which is proportional to the mirror gain difference. At the same time, the current differencing works to cancel nonlinearities in the transconductance signal. Experimental measurements of a transistor array implementation verify the extended adjustment/linearization technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Appendix A—Abstract of Bulletin 27, Variation and Control of Salinity in Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta and Upper San Francisco Bay, 1931 (Department of Public Works, State of California, 437 pp., 82 pls.) (1933)

The above entitled Bulletin is the result of several years investigations on the movement of salinity by tides and river‐currents in the Waters draining into the Pacific Ocean through the Golden Gate. Thirty‐two thousand square miles of mountain and valley, or 39 per cent of the mountain and foothill catchment‐area of the State, drain into the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and from the point where these rivers join to enter Suisun Bay the flow continues through Carquinez Strait into upper San Francisco Bay and eventually into the Pacific Ocean. The drainage‐area includes the western slope of the Sierra Nevadas north of Kings River, a region of heavy precipitation and great annual accumulation of snow. The mean annual precipitation varies from less than 10 inches on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley to over 90 inches in the mountains.
High-speed parallel processing on CUDA-enabled Graphics Processing Units (2010)

A new trend in computing is the use of multi-core processors and the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) for general purpose high speed parallel computing. Therefore TNO wants to respond to the current trend of parallel computing and wants to investigate on which architectures they want to apply and parallelize their applications on. This thesis discusses the implementation of two applications used by TNO onto a CUDA-enabled GPU and a multi-core processor. The applications chosen for the implementation are object detection and ultrasound simulation (UMASIS). the development time and performance gain were measured during the implementation of both case. With these measurements an estimation of future projects can be made.
5-HT<sub>2a</sub> receptors in the rabbit retina: Potential presynaptic modulators (1999)

Three 5-HT receptors have been implicated in retinal processing but positive identification of the receptors and the localization of receptor subtypes in the retina have not been achieved. In this study, molecular techniques were used to identify one class of 5-HT receptor--5-HT2a--in the retina, and immunohistochemical techniques were used to localize the receptor in the retinal network. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used to identify a segment of the rabbit 5-HT2a gene; a 422 base fragment was identified, cloned, and sequenced. The fragment shows a high degree (ca. 90%) of nucleotide sequence identity with the 5-HT2a receptor gene from other mammals. 5-HT2a immunoreactivity was seen in both the inner and outer plexiform (synaptic) layers of the retina. Using cell-type-specific markers, the 5-HT2a immunoreactivity was shown to be on the terminals of photoreceptor and rod bipolar cells. This association of 5-HT2a receptors with these two synapses suggests that serotonin may be a modulator of synaptic function in the retina.
Activation of protein phosphatase 2A tumor suppressor as potential treatment of pancreatic cancer (2015)

We utilized three tiers of screening to identify novel therapeutic agents for pancreatic cancers. First, we analyzed 14 pancreatic cancer cell lines against a panel of 66 small-molecule kinase inhibitors and dasatinib was the most potent. Second, we performed RNA expression analysis on 3 dasatinib-resistant and 3 dasatinib-sensitive pancreatic cancer cell lines to profile their gene expression. Third, gene profiling data was integrated with the Connectivity Map database to search for potential drugs. Thioridazine was one of the top ranking small molecules with highly negative enrichment. Thioridazine and its family members of phenothiazine including penfluridol caused pancreatic cancer cell death and affected protein expression levels of molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and multiple kinase activities. This family of drugs causes activation of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). The drug FTY-720 (activator of PP2A) induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Silencing catalytic unit of PP2A rendered pancreatic cancer cells resistant to penfluridol. Our observations suggest potential therapeutic use of penfluridol or similar agent associated with activation of PP2A in pancreatic cancers.
Internet Application to Tele-Audiology—“Nothin’ but Net” (2003)

The Telehealth program at East Carolina University has developed a system for real-time assessment of auditory thresholds using computer driven control of a remote audiometer via the Internet. The present study used 45 adult participants in a double-blind study of 2 different systems: a conventional audiometer and an audiometer operated remotely via the Internet. The audiometric thresholds assessed by these 2 systems varied by no more than 1.3 dB for air conduction and 1.2 dB for bone conduction. The results demonstrated the feasibility of this new "telehearing" audiometric system. With the rapid development of Internet-based applications, telehealth has the potential to provide important healthcare coverage for rural areas where specialized audiological services are lacking.
Cancer stem cells: therapeutic implications and perspectives in cancer therapy (2013)

The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory is gaining increasing attention from researchers and has become an important focus of cancer research. According to the theory, a minority population of cancer cells is capable of self-renewal and generation of differentiated progeny, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding the properties and characteristics of CSCs is key to future study on cancer research, such as the isolation and identification of CSCs, the cancer diagnosis, and the cancer therapy. Standard oncology treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical resection, can only shrink the bulk tumor and the tumor tends to relapse. Thus, therapeutic strategies that focus on targeting CSCs and their microenvironmental niche address the ineffectiveness of traditional cancer therapies to eradicate the CSCs that otherwise result in therapy resistance. The combined use of traditional therapies with targeted CSC-specific agents may target the whole cancer and offer a promising strategy for lasting treatment and even cure.
Low-Frequency Ultrasound-Induced Transport across Non-Raft-Forming Ternary Lipid Bilayers (2012)

We examined the effect of bilayer composition on membrane sensitivity to low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) in bilayers composed of ternary mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), dipalmitoyl-phosphocholine (DPPC), and cholesterol. The phase diagram of this system does not display macroscopic phase coexistence between liquid phases (although there are suggestions that there is coexistence between a liquid and a solid phase). Samples from across the composition space were exposed to 20 kHz, continuous wave ultrasound, and the response of the bilayer was quantified using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy to measure the release of a self-quenching dye, calcein, from large unilamellar vesicles. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicate that, in this system, release proceeds primarily by transport through the vesicle bilayer. While vesicle destruction might account, at least in part, for the light scattering trends observed, evidence of destruction was not as obvious as in other lipid systems. Values for bilayer permeability are obtained by fitting release kinetics to a two-film theory mathematical model. The permeability due to LFUS is found to increase with increasing DPPC content, as the bilayer tends toward the solid-ordered phase. Permeability, and thus sensitivity to LFUS, decreases with either POPC or cholesterol mole fractions. In the liquid regime of this system, there is no recorded phase transition; thus cholesterol is the determining factor in release rates. However, the presence of domain boundaries between distinctly differing phases of liquid and solid is found to cause release rates to more than double. The correlation of permeability with phase behavior might prove useful in designing and developing therapies based on ultrasound and membrane interactions.
Introduction (2001)

Abstract The phenomena of secrecy and esotericism remain among the most persistent and pervasive, yet poorly studied and misunderstood aspects of the history of religions. The field of South Asian studies is no exception to this trend, although it has generated a growing interest in the role of secrecy in Indian traditions, and specifically in the texts and rituals of Tantrism. However, Tantric studies have hardly made any inquiry into the real historical and social contexts in which Tantra is practised, have not looked at any of the broader comparative issues involved in the study of esoteric traditions, and have yielded little critical reflection on the historical construction of the category of Tantrism. This book aims to address these issues through the study of one specific esoteric and secret sect: that of the Kartābhajās or “Worshippers of the Master,” which spread throughout Calcutta (Bengal, India) in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and still has some living and practising representatives. The first half of this introduction provides a general background on the Kartābhajās and their importance for the scholarly imagining of Tantrism, and the study of esoteric traditions as a whole; the second half engages the larger theoretical snarls inevitably involved in the study of something that is supposed to be secret.
Visualization of Protein-RNA Interactions in Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (1999)

Unlike the multiple-shelled organization of other Reoviridae members, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) has a single-shelled capsid. The three-dimensional structures of full and empty CPV by electron cryomicroscopy show identical outer shells but differ inside. The outer surface reveals a T=1 icosahedral shell decorated with spikes at its icosahedral vertices. The internal space of the empty CPV is unoccupied except for 12 mushroom-shaped densities attributed to the transcriptional enzyme complexes. The ordered double-stranded RNA inside the full capsid forms spherical shells spaced 25 A apart. The RNA-protein interactions suggest a mechanism for RNA transcription and release.
A Hardware-Deployable Neuromorphic Solution for Encoding and Classification of Electronic Nose Data (2019)

In several application domains, electronic nose systems employing conventional data processing approaches incur substantial power and computational costs and limitations, such as significant latency and poor accuracy for classification. Recent developments in spike-based bio-inspired approaches have delivered solutions for the highly accurate classification of multivariate sensor data with minimized computational and power requirements. Although these methods have addressed issues related to efficient data processing and classification accuracy, other areas, such as reducing the processing latency to support real-time application and deploying spike-based solutions on supported hardware, have yet to be studied in detail. Through this investigation, we proposed a spiking neural network (SNN)-based classifier, implemented in a chip-emulation-based development environment, that can be seamlessly deployed on a neuromorphic system-on-a-chip (NSoC). Under three different scenarios of increasing complexity, the SNN was determined to be able to classify real-valued sensor data with greater than 90% accuracy and with a maximum latency of 3 s on the software-based platform. Highlights of this work included the design and implementation of a novel encoder for artificial olfactory systems, implementation of unsupervised spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) for learning, and a foundational study on early classification capability using the SNN-based classifier.
Closed‐loop iterative learning control for non‐linear systems with initial shifts (2002)

Abstract This paper is concerned with the problem of the iterative learning control with current cycle feedback for a class of non‐linear systems with well‐defined relative degree. The tracking error caused by a non‐zero initial shift is detected as extended D‐type learning algorithm is applied. The defect is overcome by adding terms including the output error, its derivatives as well as integrals. Asymptotic tracking of the final output to the desired trajectory is guaranteed. As an alternative approach, an initial rectifying action is introduced in the extended D‐type learning algorithm and shown effective to achieve the desired trajectory jointed smoothly with a transitional trajectory from the starting position. Also these algorithms with adjustable tracking interval ensure better robustness performance in the presence of initial shifts. Numerical simulation is conducted to demonstrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.