gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-cultivation of rat pneumocytes and bovine endothelial cells on a liquid-air interface (1996)

The blood-air barrier is a most important functional element of the lung but little information is available about the cells constituting this barrier in vivo. The aim of the present study was to create an in vitro model of the blood-air barrier that would allow investigation of cellular interactions and alveolar metabolism, and would be suitable for in vitro drug screening. Rat pneumocytes and bovine microvascular endothelial cells were grown on opposite sides of microporous polycarbonate filters, as immersion, perfusion and liquid-air interface (LAI) cultures. The effects of culture conditions on cell morphology were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. For immersion and perfusion co-cultures, both compartments were supplied with culture medium. In contrast, for liquid-air interface studies, only the endothelial cell compartment was continuously supplied with serum-free medium, whilst the type II pneumocytes were ventilated with air. The pneumocytes lost their morphological characteristics when using immersion or perfusion co-cultures. Under liquid-air interface conditions, they retained most of their characteristic morphological features when compared to the intact blood-air barrier. A subset of primary type II pneumocytes retained its differentiated phenotype, with cuboidal morphology, lamellar bodies and apical microvilli. These type II pneumocytes appeared to be connected by tight junctions to cells expressing morphological characteristics of type I pneumocytes. As shown herein, the liquid-air interface co-culture possesses many morphological characteristics of the intact blood-air barrier. In summary, this article describes the design of an artificial blood-air barrier, in which rat pneumocytes were cultivated with bovine microvascular endothelial lung cells on opposing sides of a microporous polycarbonate filter. We conclude that it might be a promising in vitro model for studies of molecular transport via the blood-air barrier, the investigation of repair mechanisms after alveolar injury, or as an in vitro screening system.
Toxicity of a Complex Munitions Wastewater to Aquatic Organisms (1983)

The toxicity to freshwater organisms of a complex munitions effluent called condensate wastewater was determined using a novel and relatively economical approach proposed by Pearson and co-workers at the Second Annual ASTM Symposium on Aquatic Toxicology. Applicable only to complex wastewaters in which the concentrations of the individual chemical components are relatively constant over time, the approach emphasizes performing toxicity and related tests on a chemical mixture representative of the actual wastewater, with secondary attention being directed toward testing the individual chemical components, which is the conventional approach. The testing program comprised several series of static acute toxicity tests on authentic wastewater, artificial wastewater, and selected components to identify the conditions under which they are most toxic and to identify the most sensitive species; a series of flow-through acute toxicity tests on the artificial wastewater using the most sensitive species; a series of short-term bioconcentration tests; several early life-stage tests; and, finally, several life-cycle chronic tests. Twelve species representing three trophic levels were employed in the program. It was concluded that the approach economically and rapidly provided a sufficient data base for assessing the effects of the wastewater on aquatic life. Two modifications were recommended to decrease the cost and time of obtaining the data. One was to perform a static and a flow-through test early in the testing program to identify the most appropriate exposure condition to use in the initial portion of the program. The other was to compute the octanol-water partition coefficients of the organic components of the wastewater before performing any bioconcentration test and to use the coefficients to determine if bioconcentration tests are necessary.
A comparison of the efficiencies of polymer-supported phosphine and phosphine oxide complexes of manganese(II), MnX2(P C6H4PPh2) and MnX2{P C6H4P(O)Ph2} n (n= 2 or 4; X = Cl, Br, or I), for the absorption of sulphur dioxide (1987)

Diphenylphosphinated poly(styrene–divinylbenzene), [graphic omitted]C6H4PPh2(L), reacts readily with the manganese(II) salts, MnX2(X = Cl, Br, or I) under anhydrous conditions to form MnX2(L)n(X = Cl or Br, n= 1; X = I, n= 1.5). The similar reaction of the phosphine oxide, [graphic omitted]C6H4P(O) Ph2(L′), affords the complexes MnX2(L′)n(X = Cl, n= 1; X = Br or I, n= 1.5) and MnX2(L′)m(X = Cl or Br, m= 3; X = 1, m= 5), depending upon reaction conditions. Both the phosphine and phosphine oxide complexes absorb SO2 either when suspended in a mixture of toluene and dichloromethane (60:40 v/v), or in the solid state. In both cases the efficiencies are found to be in the order I > Br ∼ Cl. Sulphur dioxide binding is irreversible for the phosphine complexes, but partially reversible with phosphine oxide derivatives.
Polythiophene Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Microbial Particles in Water (2013)

Most microbial particles have a negatively charged surface and in this work, we describe a water quality monitoring application of a cationic polythiophene derivative (AH-35) for the rapid assessment of microbial contamination of water. Using E. coli as a prototype microbial particle, we demonstrate that the AH-35 polymer can provide a qualitative assessment of water if exposed to more than 500 CFU/mL, thereby paving the way to a new family of biosensors potentially useful for monitoring drinking water distribution systems.
Magnetically-Tunable Microwave Filters Using Single-Crystal Yttrium-Iron-Garnet Resonators (1961)

A new type of magnetically-tunable band-pass microwave filter that makes use of ferromagnetic resonance in single-crystal yttrium iron garnet is presented. The 3-db bandwidth can be adjusted from about 6 Mc to 100 Mc at X-band, and the center frequency can be tuned over a wide range of frequencies, by means of a varying dc field. A theoretical analysis of the operation and behavior of this type of filter is presented. Descriptions of single-resonator and two-resonator filters which can be tuned over the X-band frequency range are given and experimental data are presented showing their tuning range, insertion loss, and bandwidth.
Structure, function, and mechanism of action of Calmodulin (1986)

The structure, function, and mechanism of action of plant calmodulins have been the subject of intense study for plant scientists during the past several years. While precedents in animal biochemistry and physiology have suggested logical starting points for studies of how calmodulin is involved in higher plant and algal cell function, recent biochemical studies have demonstrated unique structural characteristics for this highly conserved protein. Enzym‐ological analyses have demonstrated novel functional properties and provided limited insight into the molecular mechanisms of calmodulin action. This review will summarize much of the early work, but will concern itself mainly with the methods and approaches that are used to study plant and animal calmodulins as well as models for how calmodulin may be involved in plant cell function.
Microfluidic approach for rapid multicomponent interfacial tensiometry (2006)

We report a microfluidic instrument to rapidly measure the interfacial tension of multi-component immiscible liquids. The measurement principle rests upon the deformation and retraction dynamics of drops under extensional flow and was implemented for the first time in microfluidics (S. D. Hudson et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2005, 87, 081905 (ref. )). Here we describe in detail the instrument design and physics and extend this principle to investigate multicomponent mixtures, specifically two-component drops of adjustable composition. This approach provides fast real-time sigma measurements (on the order of 1 s), the possibility of rapidly adjusting drop composition and utilizes small sample volumes (approximately 10 microL). The tensiometer operation is illustrated with water drops and binary drops (water/ethylene glycol mixtures) in silicone oils. The technique should be particularly valuable for high-throughput characterization of complex fluids.
<title>Etendue efficient coupling of an array of LEDs for projection display</title> (2005)

The rapid development of high power visible LEDs has prompted an increase in interest in the projection display industry. Although the power level has not achieved sufficient level for large projection displays, it is sufficient for smaller displays. It is also expected that in the near future, there will be significant improvements in the LED output and the market may open up. In this paper, a LED based illumination engine is presented which is suitable for projection display using an array of LEDs whose output is coupled into a single light pipe with minimum loss of brightness. The basic building block in the array consists of an LED chip mounted on a heat conductive substrate, a concave reflector, and a tapered light pipe. The concave reflector can be spherical, toroidal, elliptical, or dual paraboloidal. The LED light is focused at the input of the tapered light pipe by the concave reflector. The output dimension of the light pipe is made so that it has the same cross-sectional size of the building block, and therefore, the array of tapered light pipes are packed tightly at the output end without lost space in between. This will allow the most efficient way to combine the light output without loss in etendue. Various configuration of this system will be shown below that is applicable to projections displays.
Evaluation of concentrated halogen acid hydrolysis processes for alcohol fuel production (1985)

Cellulose may be hydrolyzed by acid to form glucose, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Dilute acid processes have relatively low yields (55 to 75%) because the rate of sugar degradation is rapid at the high temperatures necessary for the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. In low-temperature, concentrated-acid processes, the crystalline cellulose is decrystallized, allowing the hydrolysis reaction to occur at much lower temperatures where sugar degradation is negligible. Therefore, the concentrated-acid proceses give high yields and produce relatively clean hydrolyzates. Concentrated-acid hydrolysis may be carried out either with hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or sulfuric acid. This report evaluates three halogen acid hydrolysis processes: liquid-phase HCl, gas-phase HCl, and liquid-phase HF. The processes are compared on the basis of the predicted selling price of ethanol produced. This report applies a consistent balance-of-plant design and set of economic assumptions to different processes to provide insights into the important internal parameters and the relative advantages and disadvantages of each. 49 refs., 20 figs., 21 tabs.
The use of tacrine for tardive dyskinesia (1983)

The authors administered 45-90 mg/day of tacrine to eight patients with tardive dyskinesia. After 2 weeks of treatment, there was a mean reduction in tardive dyskinesia scores of 43%. No improvement occurred when a placebo was used instead of tacrine.
Design of Anti-Electromagnetism Interference for PCB High-Speed Circuit (2003)

When PCB high-speed circuit was designed with electronic design automatic (EDA) technology, electromagnetism interference could be brought. It can be restrained by following methods. Yawp is depressed by low frequency circuit chip, power supply quality is improved by steady state power supply with high precision. Connects terminal resistance in series to reduce reflect of signal, add filter to minish signal aberration in transmission process. Shorten connect-wire between high frequency parts of an apparatus to lessen cross interfere among signal wires. Respectively position strong current/light current and digital /analog circuits to eliminate interfere among parts of an apparatus. Rightly lay supply wire and ground wire to eliminate ring-interfere of ground wire and communal impedance. High frequency interfere is eliminated with decoupling capacitance.
ECHOVIRUS 18 MENINGITIS IN SOUTHERN TAIWAN (2010)

Eighty cases of echovirus 18 infection among young children during an outbreak in 2006 in Taiwan were enrolled. Twenty percent of the patients had a comorbid condition. Twenty-five cases (31%) were complicated by aseptic meningitis. The most frequent diagnoses in children without meningitis were pharyngitis/tonsillitis (35%) and vesicular viral exanthem (33%). The case-fatality rate among the children with meningitis was 4%. Echovirus 18 was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 68% of the children.
Methods of high-aperture grid spectroscopy (2002)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. B. Shlishevskii, "Methods of high-aperture grid spectroscopy," J. Opt. Technol. 69, 342- (2002) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Low temperature bonding of 30um pitch micro bump interconnection for 3D IC stacking using non-conductive adhesive (2011)

For evaluating the feasibility of adhesive bonding by NCF (non-conductive film) in micro bump joints, three types of micro joints were adopted in this study. The structure of the type I micro joints was Cu/Ni/Au while that of the type II micro joints was Cu/Ni/Au micro bump joined with Cu/Sn solder micro bump. Both the type I and type II micro joint were bonded by using NCF. The structure of the type III micro joints were the same, but the type III micro joints were produced by eutectic bonding. For the type III micro joints, the micro gap between chips was wrapped by a capillary underfill. The bonding results revealed that the contact resistance of the NCF joints was in the range of 100 Ωm ~ 400 Ωm which was higher than that of eutectic joints. Electrical continuity of micro bump interconnection was monitored by measuring the contact resistance of four-point Kelvin structure and daisy chain during reliability test. Thermal cycling test and thermal humidity storage test were conducted to evaluate the reliability performance of these three types of micro interconnections. The reliability test displayed that the reliability performance of eutectic joints was better than that of the NCF joints. The study showed that NCF joints have great potential to be applied in low temperature bonding of fine pitch 3D IC stacking.
Interactive variable selection (IVS) for PLS. Part 1: Theory and algorithms (1994)

Abstract A modified PLS algorithm is introduced with the goal of achieving improved prediction ability. The method, denoted IVS‐PLS, is based on dimension‐wise selective reweighting of single elements in the PLS weight vector w . Cross‐validation, a criterion for the estimation of predictive quality, is used for guiding the selection procedure in the modelling stage. A threshold that controls the size of the selected values in w is put inside a cross‐validation loop. This loop is repeated for each dimension and the results are interpreted graphically. The manipulation of w leads to rotation of the classical PLS solution. The results of IVS‐PLS are different from simply selecting X ‐variables prior to modelling. The theory is explained and the algorithm is demonstrated for a simulated data set with 200 variables and 40 objects, representing a typical spectral calibration situation with four analytes. Improvements of up to 70% in external PRESS over the classical PLS algorithm are shown to be possible.
Mixed PWM for Dead-Time Elimination and Compensation in a Grid-Tied Inverter (2011)

Numerous studies have been carried out to compensate or eliminate the dead-time effect. This paper analyzes the limitations of the previous compensation or elimination schemes. Then, a novel mixed pulsewidth-modulation scheme for dead-time elimination and compensation is proposed for the grid-tied inverter. The proposed scheme implements the dead-time elimination in most of the grid current fundamental period but switches to the conventional dead-time compensation around the zero-crossing point. In this way, a safe and efficient dead-time effect elimination method is achieved. Furthermore, this paper proposes to determine the switching point and the compensation direction by the grid current modulation function. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity and features of the proposed method.
Identification of 17 independent mutations responsible for human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency. (1991)

Complete hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency causes the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, an X-linked, purine metabolism disorder manifested by hyperuricemia, hyperuricaciduria, and neurologic dysfunction. Partial HPRT deficiency causes hyperuricemia and gout. One requirement for understanding the molecular basis of HPRT deficiency is the determination of which amino acids in this salvage enzyme are necessary for structural or catalytic competence. In this study we have used the PCR coupled with direct sequencing to determine the nucleotide and subsequent amino acid changes in 22 subjects representing 17 unrelated kindreds from the United Kingdom. These mutations were confirmed by using either RNase mapping or Southern analyses. In addition, experiments were done to determine enzyme activity and electrophoretic mobility, and predictive paradigms were used to study the impact of these amino acid substitutions on secondary structure.
Family Administered Neonatal Activities: An adaptation for parents of infants born with Down syndrome (1992)

The unexpected delivery of an infant with Down syndrome challenges families to call on adaptive strengths rarely needed in other situations. During this time when families are most deeply affected, professionals are also experiencing acute emotional responses. This article describes a process, adapted from the Family Administered Neonatal Activities (FANA), to support mothers and fathers during the immediate postpartum period. The process combines emotional support with the opportunity for parents to engage in an exploration of their infant's behavior. The professional role and parental responses are described for this hospital-based approach to family support
Mast cells disrupt epithelial barrier function during enteric nematode infection (2003)

We have investigated the influence of mast cells on the barrier function of intestinal epithelium during nematode infection. Trichinella spiralis infection induces a strong type 2 cytokine-mediated inflammation, resulting in a critical mucosal mastocytosis that is known to mediate expulsion of the parasites from the intestine. The host response to infection is also characterized by an increase in mucosal leakiness. We show here that intestinal epithelial permeability is markedly elevated during infection, with kinetics that mirror the adaptive immune response to primary and secondary infection. Furthermore, we have identified degradation of the tight junction protein, occludin, thereby providing a mechanism for increased paracellular permeability during helminth infection. We further demonstrate by using anti-c-kit antibody and IL-9 transgenic mice that mast cells are directly responsible for increasing epithelial paracellular permeability and that mice deficient in a mast cell-specific protease fail to increase intestinal permeability and fail to expel their parasite burden. These results provide the mechanism whereby mucosal mast cells mediate parasite expulsion from the intestine.
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor enhances nigral γ-aminobutyric acid release (2006)

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) - one of a new class of astrocyte-derived human proteins--selectively promotes the survival of dopamine neurons of the ventral midbrain. Using the whole-cell clamp technique, we looked for acute effects of MANF on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta of 6 to 15-day-old rats. In slices, MANF increased the amplitude of evoked IPSCs and decreased the paired pulse ratio. In mechanically dissociated cells, MANF increased the frequency of spontaneous and miniature IPSCs, without changing their mean amplitudes; and in enzymatically dissociated neurons, MANF had no effect on currents induced by exogenous GABA. The presynaptic enhancement of GABAergic inhibition may contribute to MANF's protective action on dopamine cells.
A Graphene Oxide Based Immuno‐biosensor for Pathogen Detection (2010)

Don′t FRET when I GO: Sensitive and selective rotavirus detection is achieved by using the photoluminescence of a graphene oxide (GO) array. The target cell was captured by the rotavirus-specific antibody immobilized on the GO array, and the binding event was monitored by observing the fluorescence quenching that results from fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between GO and gold nanoparticles linked to the antibodies (see picture).
Growth, morphology, function, and morphogenetic properties of rat renal glomerular epithelial cells in vitro: effects of retinyl acetate. (1989)

We report here that retinyl acetate (RA) regulates growth, morphology, function and cell organization in rat renal glomerular epithelial cells (SGE1). SGE1 cells are able to grow in a serum-free medium (DHFs medium) which is supplemented with insulin, transferrin, selenium, bovine serum albumin (BSA), linoleic acid and epidermal growth factor (EGF). When 0.1 and 1 micrograms/ml RA were added to the medium, the growth rates in the sparse culture were noticeably increased, compared to those in DHFs alone, whereas more than 10 micrograms/ml RA was cytotoxic to the cells. In the confluent culture, addition of 0.1, 1.0 and 10 micrograms/ml RA prolonged the cell survival. Since 10 micrograms/ml RA is not cytotoxic to the confluent culture, the cytotoxic action of RA seems to be dependent on cell density as well as RA dose. Ultrastructural observation revealed that RA treatment caused an increase of microvilli and alteration of cell shape, from flattened to columnar. Biochemical and immunological studies revealed that RA treatment increased the activity of r-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and an amount of the membrane component with molecular mass (Mr) of 108,000 which is identical to one of nephritogenic antigens, Fx1A. By using fluorescence phalloidin stain, it was found that RA treatment increased content and organization of F-actin fibers. Furthermore, in collagen-embedding culture, RA induced 3-dimensional (3D) growth of SGE1 cells leading to the formation of organoids, cystic spheres with central lumen, in a serum-free condition; the addition of DHFs to collagen gel alone was ineffective for the 3D growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydrogen fluoride chemical laser initiated by a discharge creeping on the surface of a dielectric (1983)

An investigation was made of the energy characteristics of an HF laser initiated by a creeping discharge distributed over the internal surface of a cylindrical chamber made of Teflon. An output energy of 140 J was obtained and this energy was distributed uniformly over the aperture of the laser which was of 100 cm2 area.