gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in contraceptive vaccine development (2005)

Contraceptive vaccines (CV) may provide viable and valuable alternatives to the presently available methods of contraception. The molecules that are being explored for CV development either target gamete production [luteiniz-ing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)/GnRH, FSH], gamete function [sperm antigens and oocyte zona pellucida (ZP)], and gamete outcome (HCG). CV targeting gamete production have shown varied degrees of efficacy; however, they either affect sex steroids causing impotency and/or show only a partial rather than a complete effect in inhibiting gametogenesis. However, vaccines based on LHRH/GnRH are being developed by several pharmaceutical companies as substitutes for castration of domestic pets, farm and wild animals, and for therapeutic anticancer purposes such as in prostatic hypertrophy and carcinoma. These vaccines may also find applications in clinical situations that require the inhibition of increased secretions of sex steroids, such as in uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, endome-triosis and precocious puberty. CV targeting molecules involved in gamete function such as sperm antigens and ZP proteins are exciting choices. Sperm constitute the most promising and exciting target for CV. Several sperm-specific antigens have been delineated in several laboratories and are being actively explored for CV development. Studies are focused on delineating appropriate sperm-specific epitopes, and increasing the immunogenicity (specifically in
Through cavity core device-embedded substrate for ultra-fine-pitch Si bare chips; (Fabrication feasibility and residual stress evaluation) (2015)

We demonstrate the concept and fabrication of through cavity core device-embedded substrate (DES) for fine-pitch Si bare chips with pad pitches up to 60 µm. In order to investigate the fabrication feasibility and process keys, we embedded a Si test element group (TEG) inside a through cavity of 150µm thick core substrate. To adjust the thickness, Si chip was thinned to 120 µm, not including bump height. After placing a chip, the cavity is filled by laminating a two-layer structure ABF (Ajinomoto build-up film) from both sides of the core substrate. Accurate alignment of the chip in the cavity was the most important process parameter to obtain high production yield. The demanded alignment was fulfilled by strictly controlling the lamination conditions and curing temperature of the epoxy resin. Finally, the cavity core type device embedded substrate was compared to the surface mounted type device embedded substrate in regard to the process residual stress using piezo-resistive gauge embedded Si TEG chip.
Ca2+-activated synexin forms highly selective, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in phosphatidylserine bilayer membranes. (1988)

Synexin, a cytosolic protein that mediates Ca2+-dependent membrane fusion, was incorporated into acidic phospholipid bilayers, formed at the tip of a patch pipet. The pipet was filled with a high-Ca2+ solution (50 mM) and immersed in a chamber containing a low-Ca2+ solution (1 mM). Brief exposures of the bilayer to synexin increased the capacitance of the bilayer by a factor of 10 and decreased the membrane resistance by a factor of 20. Reduction of Ca2+ in the chamber to 1 microM caused an abrupt increase in the current required to hold the pipet potential at 0 mV. Under certain conditions channel events could be detected, often occurring in bursts. Consistently, open-time histograms were found to be voltage-dependent and to exhibit one time constant in the time range examined here. The slope conductance for the synexin channel was estimated as 10.2 +/- 2.1 pS for the large Ca2+ gradient with low chamber Ca2+. However, for symmetrical, low-Cl- solutions containing 25 mM Ca2+ the conductance was 26.5 +/- 5.2 pS. Ion-replacement studies showed the synexin channel to much prefer Ca2+ over Ba2+ or Mg2+. Cd2+, a potent blocker of other voltage-gated Ca2+ channels at 100 microM, blocked synexin channels only at very high concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 mM). Similarly, nifedipine, an inhibitor of the nonactivating Ca2+ channel, was effective only at extremely high concentrations (greater than 300 microM). The high selectivity for Ca2+ and the lack of response of the channel to various drugs known to block Ca2+ channels thus distinguish the synexin channel from other types of Ca2+ channels hitherto reported.
Optical design of laser beam shaping systems (2002)

An overview of the history and current practices of laser beam shaping is presented. When diffraction effects are not important, geometrical methods for laser beam shaping (ray tracing, conservation of energy within a bundle of rays, and the constant optical path length condition) can be used to determine system configurations, including aspheric elements and spherical-surface GRIN lenses, which are required to change the intensity profile into a more useful form. Geometrical optics-based design methods are presented for shaping both rotationally and rectangular symmetric laser beam profiles. Applications of these techniques include design of a two-plano-aspheric lens system for shaping a rotationally symmetric Gaussian beam, a two-mirror system with no central obscuration for shaping an elliptical Gaussian input beam, and a three-element GRIN system for shaping a rotationally symmetric Gaussian beam.
Protein kinase C inhibition induces apoptosis and ceramide production through activation of a neutral sphingomyelinase. (1996)

We report that WEHI-231 undergo apoptosis following exposure to the protein kinase C inhibitors chelerythrine chloride and calphostin C. Following the addition of chelerythrine or calphostin C to WEHI-231 cells, ceramide production increased over baseline levels with a concurrent decrease in sphingomyelin. More detailed examinations determined that the ceramide accumulation resulted from activation of neutral, but not acidic, sphingomyelinase. These results suggest an antagonistic relationship between protein kinase C activity and ceramide in the signaling events preceding apoptosis.
High-Accuracy Indoor Localization Based on Chipless RFID Systems at THz Band (2018)

Highly accurate indoor localization based on significantly low complex infrastructure has recently gained great interest for a variety of innovative location-based applications. In this regards, the chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) system is presented to be the low-cost solution, while time-based ranging using the ultrawide-band spectrum is promising to offer precise ranging capability. However, the current wide-band systems suffer from the spectrum and power limitations, which restrict the function of chipless RFID-based localization systems. Therefore, we propose terahertz (THz)-based chipless RFID localization system that enables a smart object localizing itself using the infrastructure composed from reference chipless tags. In more details, THz band offers huge bandwidth providing superior-resolution localization and large coding capacity. Moreover, we utilize the combination between dielectric resonator (DR) and lens to be designed as a frequency-coded chipless tag, where this combination increases the radar cross section of the chipless tags and, hence, extends their coverage zone. This cost-efficient design of the tag enables the dense deployment of low-cost infrastructure acting as reference anchors. Furthermore, we investigate the link budget of the proposed system in order to characterize the tag and distance-dependent spectral windows that are feasible for RFID-based localization. Afterward, the time-domain backscattered signal from a DR-Lens tag is analyzed in order to perform ranging and to calculate the relative distances between the DR-Lens tags and the reader leading to determining the reader position. Measurements are performed to prove the concept of the DR-Lens tag, while the numerical simulation is conducted to evaluate the proposed localization system. Simulation results show that the proposed system can reach superior accuracy of millimeter-levels.
Digital-data transition tracking loops. (1968)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 08-11, 1968 / Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles, California
Control of the Fluorescence of Dye–Antibody Conjugates by (2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin in Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry (2011)

When proteins are conjugated to fluorescent organic dyes, fluorescence emission of the dye molecules is usually decreased, sometimes up to 50-70%. This quenching phenomenon has been acknowledged for decades, but as yet, there are no simple, practical methods to control the fluorescence of dyes conjugated to proteins, especially for dyes conjugated to immunoglobulins. Here, we report that the addition of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to dye-antibody conjugates can increase fluorescence up to 2.5-fold in cell imaging and flow analysis. This method may be an effective way to increase the sensitivity of detection of fluorescent organic labels used in immunology, histochemistry, and cell biology.
Tight Control of Platelet-derived Growth Factor B/c-sis Expression by Interplay between the 5′-Untranslated Region Sequence and the Major Upstream Promoter (2003)

The long and GC-rich 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the known 3.8-kb platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B)/c-sis mRNA is highly conserved and inhibits its own translation. It has been thought that this 5'-UTR functions by regulating translation possibly using an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated mechanism. However, in the present study we found no evidence that the 5'-UTR sequence of PDGF-B mRNA contains any IRES activity. Instead, we found that the 5'-UTR sequence of PDGF-B functions as a promoter both constitutively and upon induction in a variety of cell lines. The 5'-UTR sequence contains two promoters (termed P1 and P2) when only the 5'-UTR sequence is analyzed. In the presence of the upstream TATA-box-containing promoter (P0), P1 and P0 promoters are integrated into one promoter, whereas the P2 promoter still functions. The full promoter with combined P0, P1, and P2 produced two transcripts, with the major one having the full-length 5'-UTR and the minor one the short 5'-UTR. The integrated P0/P1 promoter and P2 promoter are likely responsible for producing the endogenous 3.8- and 2.8-kb PDGF-B mRNAs that are detected in cultured human renal microvascular endothelial cells, a few tumor cells, and rat brain tissues. Furthermore, we detected the 2.8-kb PDGF-B mRNA in erythroleukemia K562 cells upon 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced differentiation. Considering that the 5'-UTR in the 3.8-kb mRNA contains no IRES activity and inhibits cap-dependent translation, we believe that the endogenous 2.8-kb mRNA produced from the 5'-UTR promoter is likely the major template responsible for protein production both constitutively and upon induction. We also found that the transcription from the 5'-UTR P2 promoter might be coordinated by the major upstream P0 promoter upon stimulation. Based on these observations, we propose that the TATA-containing P0 promoter and the 5'-UTR promoter work together to tightly control the expression of PDGF-B.
Male germ cell expression of murine beta 4-galactosyltransferase. A 796-base pair genomic region, containing two cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-like elements, mediates male germ cell-specific expression in transgenic mice. (1994)

In murine somatic cells, transcription of the single gene encoding beta 4-galactosyltransferase results in two transcripts of 4.1 and 3.9 kilobases (kb), as a consequence of the use of two transcriptional start sites that are located on exon one separated by 200 base pairs (bp). In early male germ cell development, spermatogonia use only the 4.1-kb start site to yield a transcript that is identical to its somatic cell counterpart. As these cells enter meiosis, there is a switch from the use of this somatic cell start site to the exclusive use, beginning in pachytene spermatocytes, of a male germ cell-specific start site. Germ cell-specific transcripts are distinguished from their somatic counterparts by an additional approximately 560 nucleotides of 5'-untranslated sequence that is located immediately upstream and contiguous with the transcriptional start site defined for the 4.1-kb mRNA (Harduin-Lepers, A., Shaper, N.L., Mahoney, J.A., and Shaper, J.H. (1992) Glycobiology 2, 361-368). This observation predicts the use of a different upstream male germ cell-specific promoter. In this study we show that a 796-bp fragment containing 543 bp of genomic sequence upstream of the germ cell specific transcriptional start site and 253 bp of flanking downstream sequence, directs expression of the reporter gene, beta-galactosidase, exclusively to the pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids of transgenic mice. This pattern of cell type-specific expression of the transgene is comparable with that of the endogenous beta 4-galactosyltransferase gene.
Fluorescent Brightening Agents of the Benzoxazolylstilbene Derivatives Containing Pyridine Ring (1965)

ピリジン環に活性メチル基を有する2-メチル-5-(5-メチルベンズオキサゾリル-(2))-ピリジン(MBP)と種々の置換基を持ったべンズアルデヒドおよびヘテロ環アルデヒドを無水酢酸中で縮合せしめ1 1 種の4 - ( 5 - メチルベンズオキサゾリル-(2))-スチルベン(A)のアザ同構体を合成した。また上記MBPを二酸化セレンで酸化し5-(5-メチルベンズオキサリゾリル-(2))-2-ピリジンアルデヒドとし, これを活性メチル基を有する2-メチル-5-エチルピリジンと縮合し同型の誘導体(12)を得た。これら誘導体のジオキサン溶液における吸収およびケイ光スペクトルの極大波長はAに比べて,一般に長波長側に移り, そのケイ光相対強度は吸光度が同程度であるにもかかわらず小さい。とくにサリチルアルデヒド, フルフラール,チオフェンアルデヒドからの誘導体のようにオキサゾール環の2-位に結合したピリジン環に対して電子供給性基を有する誘導体は深色移動ならびに強度の減少がいちじるしい。これらの化合物で各種合成繊維を染色した結果, カシミロンF上では黄色に着色しその増白効果は劣るが,一般にピリジン環に対して電子吸引的に働く置換基を有するものが良好であった。増白布をカーボンアーク灯退色試験機中で照射して布のケイ光強度の減少を測定することにより耐光堅ロウ性を試験した。増白結果とあわせてアミランに対しベンズアルデヒドおよび4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドとの誘導体が, またテトロンに対してベンズアルデヒドおよび4-シアノベンズアルデヒドとの誘導体ならびに12がすぐれた結果を示す。
OSMOTIC CONCENTRATION OF FRUIT SLICES PRIOR TO FREEZE DEHYDRATION (1978)

Organoleptic quality of freeze-dried foods can be improved by increasing the solids content of the food material to levels of 25–35%. This also results in a reduction of the water load to the freeze-drier, which greatly improves the economics of the process. For solid foods, such as fruit slices, the increase in solids concentration is achievable by an osmosis process. Sucrose has generally been the solute of choice, but economic considerations are indicating that the suitability of new osmosis solutes should be evaluated. Several mixed osmosis solutes were evaluated for their effectiveness in concentrating apple slices prior to freeze-drying. Kinetics of water loss and solute uptake were determined for solutions of differing composition and concentration. Several of the osmotically preconcentrated freeze-dried apple slices were evaluated for organoleptic acceptability.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Investigation of Hemerocallis fulva L. grown in Egypt+ (1990)

Column chromatography of the chloroform extract of Hemerocallis fulva afforded chrysophanol, methyl rhein, l,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-anthraquinone and rhein. The unsaponifiable matter yielded a long chain hydrocarbon, a long chain ester, a long chain alcohol and β-sitosterol. The aqueous fraction yielded choline. The structures of these compounds were established on physico-chemical bases and direct comparison with authentic samples. The plant extracts as well as some isolated compounds have shown antimicrobial activity.
Method and Utility of Well Productivity Estimation during Drilling (2010)

Abstract In this paper we describe two possible use cases of well productivity estimation obtained during the reservoir drilling process. The first concerns estimating a minimum and maximum value for the remaining reservoir footage that is required (beyond bit position) to achieve a target Productivity Index for the well. Thus the only criterion is well productivity not cost. The second concerns deciding within a pre-defined window the termination point of the well based on operator's cost-benefit criteria. The paper emphasizes description of use-case rather than description of the detailed methodology for obtaining these estimates. This is because feedback is required from teams involved in planning and execution of development wells on realistic and worthwhile use-cases, before deciding which option for productivity estimation is most appropriate and most efficient. In this paper, we present a basic method and simple examples based on synthetic data and mathematical solutions available in the literature. We place this in the context of reservoir drilling operations and decision-making.
Contact detection and reaction of a wheelchair mounted robotic arm equiped with mechanical gravity canceller (2010)

Safety issue has become the primary concern in wheelchair mounted robotic arm applications. We introduced mechanical gravity canceller in the design to realize a light weight manipulator, which also yield the greatly simplify of manipulator dynamics. Based on the simplified dynamics, sensor based contact detection can be easily implemented to enable safety. Contact reaction schemes are also applied through a impedance control law to achieve desired backdrivability. Experiments are conducted to illustrate the proposed method.
Wireless Magnetoelastic Physical, Chemical, and Biological Sensors (2007)

Magnetoelastic sensors belong to the class of resonator sensors and can be considered the magnetic analog of piezoelectric sensors; tracking the resonance behavior, typically characterized by the resonance frequency and/or amplitude, enables a wide variety of applications, including chem/bio-sensing and environmental monitoring. The practical use of the sensors is facilitated with the smart microprocessor-based monitoring electronics that accurately and efficiently characterizes the pulsewise excited sensor response. The low cost and remote query nature of the sensors make the sensor platform ideally suited for applications where the sensors have to be placed inside sealed, optically opaque containers and disposable use is desired. The applications of the sensors described herein are focused on, but not limited to, the quantification of endotoxin concentrations, blood coagulation monitoring, the measurement of gastroesophageal pH, and glucose sensing
Substrate specificity and reaction mechanism of human glycoasparaginase. The N-glycosidic linkage of various glycoasparagines is cleaved through a reaction mechanism similar to L-asparaginase. (1992)

Human glycoasparaginase (N4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase, EC 3.5.1.26) hydrolyzes a series of compounds that contain L-asparagine residue with free alpha-amino and alpha-carboxyl groups. Substrates include high mannose and complex type glycoasparagines as well as those that lack the di-N-acetylchitobiose moiety, L-aspartic acid beta-methyl ester and L-aspartic acid beta-hydroxamate. The enzyme is inactive toward L-asparagine and L-glutamine and glycoasparagines containing substituted alpha-amino and/or alpha-carboxyl groups. In the presence of the acyl acceptor hydroxylamine, glycoasparaginase catalyzes the synthesis of L-aspartic acid beta-hydroxamate from aspartyl-glucosamine, L-aspartic acid beta-methyl ester, and L-aspartic acid. 13C NMR studies using 18O-labeled L-aspartic acid demonstrate that glycoasparaginase catalyzes an oxygen exchange between water and the carboxyl group at C-4 of L-aspartic acid. These results indicate that glycoasparaginase reacts as an exo-hydrolase toward the L-asparagine moiety of the substrates and the free alpha-amino and alpha-carboxyl groups are required for the enzyme reaction. The results are consistent with an L-asparaginase-like reaction pathway which involves a beta-aspartyl enzyme intermediate. Since glycoasparaginase is active toward a series of structurally different glycoasparagines, we suggest the revised systematic name of N4-(beta-glycosyl)-L-asparaginase for the enzyme.
Design aspects and system evaluations of IS-95 based CDMA systems (2002)

The system performance of IS-95 based CDMA systems are studied in non-uniform and uniform traffic distributions in a uniform cell size. The three key elements in designing CDMA systems are pilot channel Ec/Io, forward traffic channel Eb/No and reverse traffic channel Eb/No. The CDMA system performance are evaluated in terms of capacity, soft handoff percentages, signal and interference power levels. Various simulations are conducted under hexagonal omni-cell configurations. The CDMA capacity will increase 17% when the propagation path-loss slope increases from 20 to 50 dB/decade. As orthogonality increases, the forward link capacity could increase by three times. Simulation shows that the number of simultaneous mobiles that the reverse link can support will increase from 27 to 36 when the loading in the surrounding cells is decreased by 50%. Commercially deployed CDMA systems demonstrate that the actual system performance matches well with the simulation prediction.
Arranging sensations: smell and taste in augmented and virtual reality (2019)

The development of digital taste and smell underscores the importance of cultural dimensions of bodily perception in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices. This can be seen in Vocktail and Season Traveller, two digital devices incorporating taste and smell. Vocktail is an AR technology that augments the experience of drinking water, or even air, through the electrical stimulation of tastebuds and the manipulation of color and smell. Season Traveller is a VR game in which the user moves through four seasonal landscapes. It uses wind, odor, and temperature in addition to the more standard audio-visual displays. The cultural dimensions of these devices can be examined using phenomenological terms. They instigate perceptual circuits, and call on and create sedimented habits. Although VR and AR are often thought of in terms of their similitude to reality, understanding Vocktail and Season Traveller this way illustrates the world-creating dimension of multisensory devices. These technologies structure and shift thresholds of taste and smell, reworking past perceptual styles and habits to develop new perceptual experiences. In so doing, Season Traveller and Vocktail throw to the fore questions about the conditions according to which people exercise their senses in digitally dominated environments.