gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does the Media Have Some Explaining toDo? Distinguishing Between the Effects ofAcquired and Applied Knowledget on PublicOpinion of the National Debt (2016)

Does acquiring facts about political issues necessarily give individuals the information they need to create an opinion about support for public policy? This study seeks to refine the effects of political knowledge on public opinion, differentiating between types of information that do and do not elicit opinion change. We distinguish two categories of political knowledge: acquired knowledge, a surface awareness of factual information, and applied knowledge, knowledge that can be transferred to new concepts and beliefs. Using a survey experiment and information about the amount of the national debt as a test issue, we find modest support for the hypothesis that political knowledge is more likely to affect the opinions of those individuals who can apply the information to a political context than the opinions of those individuals unable to apply information to political realities. The implication of this study suggests that media explanations of some complex political issues are necessary in order to move public opinion.
(International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection). ICNIRP Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electric Fields Induced by Movement of the Human Body in a Static Magnetic Field and by Time-Varying Magnetic Fields below 1 Hz. (2014)

International audience
Optical Damage Resistance Of Lithium Niobate Waveguides (1982)

The optical damage resistance of diffused lithium niobate wave-guides is discussed. Long-term laser power handling performance is assessed by recording the spatial intensity changes occurring as a function of time in a waveguide's far field. Out-diffused waveguides are found to offer significantly greater long-term resistance to optical power losses caused by optical damage than do waveguides formed by either ion exchange or titanium in-diffusion. Any waveguide's resistance to optical damage is lowered by inadvertent exposure to chemical reducing conditions that can prevail during device fabrication processes. Waveguides exposed to the severe chemical reducing conditions are found to exhibit dramatically nonlinear behavior when exposed to high laser powers and short laser wavelengths.
Whey Fermentation by <i>Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens</i> for Production of a Succinate-Based Animal Feed Additive (1999)

Anaerobic fermentation processes for the production of a succinate-rich animal feed supplement from raw whey were investigated with batch, continuous, and variable-volume fed-batch cultures with Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens. The highest succinate yield, 90%, was obtained in a variable-volume fed-batch process in comparison to 80% yield in a batch cultivation mode. In continuous culture, succinate productivity was 3 g/liter/h, and the yield was 60%. Under conditions of excess CO2, more than 90% of the whey-lactose was consumed, with an end product ratio of 4 succinate to 1 acetate. Under conditions of limited CO2, lactose was only partially consumed and lactate was the major end product, with lower levels of ethanol, succinate, and acetate. When the succinic acid in this fermentation product was added to rumen fluid, it was completely consumed by a mixed rumen population and was 90% decarboxylated to propionate on a molar basis. The whey fermentation product formed under excess CO2, which contained mainly organic acids and cells, could potentially be used as an animal feed supplement.
Leader-to-leader splicing is required for efficient production and accumulation of polyomavirus late mRNAs (1989)

Polyomavirus late mRNA molecules contain multiple, tandem copies of a noncoding 57-base "late leader" exon at their 5' ends. This exon is encoded only once in the genome. Leader multiplicity arises from leader-leader splicing in giant primary transcripts, which are the result of multiple circuits of the viral genome by RNA polymerase II. We have been interested in learning more about the role of the leader exon in late viral gene expression. We recently showed that an abbreviated-leader mutant virus (ALM) with a 9-base leader exon is nonviable (G. R. Adami and G. G. Carmichael, Nucleic Acids Res. 15:2593-2610, 1987) and has a severe defect in both late pre-mRNA splicing and stability. However, a mutant virus with a different, substituted leader sequence of 51 nucleotides (SLM/MP8) is viable and has no apparent defects. Here we examined further the role of the late leader exon in late pre-mRNA processing. When the leader exon length was gradually reduced from 51 nucleotides to 9 nucleotides in a series of mutants, RNA splicing and stability defects were coupled. In this system there was a minimum exon size of between 33 and 27 nucleotides. Next, a number of mutations were introduced into the 3' splice site which precedes the late leader. Such mutations blocked leader-leader splicing. Surprisingly, they also interfered with leader-mVP1 body splicing and resulted in unstable primary transcripts. Thus, polyomavirus leader-leader splicing appears to be important for the efficient accumulation of late viral mRNA molecules.
EMI reduction of power supplies by Bi-Frequency modulation (2002)

In this paper, a new control (modulation) technique, called Bi-Frequency control, is proposed. By operating the converters at two fixed switching frequencies with a modulation frequency to adjust the duration ratio, the emission spectrum of the control signal is spread and the spectral power level is reduced. The spectral analysis of the Bi-Frequency control signal is given, and the spectral comparison between PWM and Bi-Frequency control is presented. A Bi-Frequency controlled buck ZVS converter is breadboarded to confirm the operation of the Bi-Frequency control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Collaborative Filtering via Ensembles of Matrix Factorizations (2007)

We present a Matrix Factorization(MF) based approach for the Netflix Prize competition. Currently MF based algorithms are popular and have proved successful for collaborative filtering tasks. For the Netflix Prize competition, we adopt three different types of MF algorithms: regularized MF, maximum margin MF and non-negative MF. Furthermore, for each MF algorithm, instead of selecting the optimal parameters, we combine the results obtained with several parameters. With this method, we achieve a performance that is more than 6 better than the Netflix's own system.
Nest Predation in Aspen Woodlots in an Agricultural Area in Alberta: The Enemy from Within (1998)

Several studies have documented elevated rates of nest predation for passer- ines and grouse in small forest patches and near anthropogenic edges. We examined patterns of predation on artificial nests in aspen (Populus tremuloides) woodlots and fencerows sur- rounded by agricultural land in Alberta. Nests were intended to mimic those of ground- nesting grouse and shrub-nesting passerines. We evaluated the relative importance of factors at the nest site, the forest patch, and the landscape to risk of nest predation by different predators. Total predation rates were highest in fencerows. Among woodlots, predation rates did not differ with woodlot area except in 1992, when predation on ground nests was higher in large woodlots. Most shrub nests were depredated by birds (corvids and House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon)). Corvid predation on shrub nests was higher in smaller woodlots and was highest on nests closest to the woodlot edge. Predation by small mammals was highest in larger woodlots and woodlots closer to farms and showed no edge effect. House Wren predation of shrub nests did not vary by any woodlot feature, nest cover, or distance to edge. We suggest that corvids forage mainly at the edges of forest patches and can fully penetrate small patches and fencerows. Small mammals are present in all woodlots, but avian pred- ators take the eggs in small woodlots before they are detected by small mammals. Nest pred- ators living within woodlots, such as wrens and small mammals, may be equally or more important than those living outside of woodlots in determining nest-predation risk for birds
Effect of Hf Sources, Oxidizing Agents, and NH<sub>3</sub>/Ar Plasma on the Properties of HfAlO<sub>x</sub> Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (2004)

The effect of Hf sources, oxidizing agents, and NH 3 /Ar plasma on the properties of HfO 2 and HfAlO x films prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been investigated. The use of tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)hafnium: Hf(NEtMe) 4 (TEMAHf) as a source of hafnium has avoided the problems associated with hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl 4 ), such as poor throughput and the generation of a large number of particles. This source has also been effective in reducing the level of residual chlorine (Cl). However, the level of residual carbon (C) increased. Hydrolysis was found to be more effective than oxidation using O 3 in removing ligands from the TEMAHf and/or trimethylaluminum (TMA); the film formed using O 3 contained a higher level of C than that using H 2 O, resulting in the deterioration in field-effect transistor (FET) properties, such as the subthreshold swings and the mobilities. The total levels of residual impurities (C+Cl) were successfully reduced through the combination of TEMAHf and NH 3 /Ar plasma, leading to improvements in FET properties, particularly in the reduction of the gate leakage current.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: Improving Cardiac Resuscitation Outcomes Both Inside and Outside the Hospital (2013)

The "2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care" increased the focus on methods to ensure that high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed in all resuscitation attempts. There are 5 critical components of high-quality CPR: minimize interruptions in chest compressions, provide compressions of adequate rate and depth, avoid leaning between compressions, and avoid excessive ventilation. Although it is clear that high-quality CPR is the primary component in influencing survival from cardiac arrest, there is considerable variation in monitoring, implementation, and quality improvement. As such, CPR quality varies widely between systems and locations. Victims often do not receive high-quality CPR because of provider ambiguity in prioritization of resuscitative efforts during an arrest. This ambiguity also impedes the development of optimal systems of care to increase survival from cardiac arrest. This consensus statement addresses the following key areas of CPR quality for the trained rescuer: metrics of CPR performance; monitoring, feedback, and integration of the patient's response to CPR; team-level logistics to ensure performance of high-quality CPR; and continuous quality improvement on provider, team, and systems levels. Clear definitions of metrics and methods to consistently deliver and improve the quality of CPR will narrow the gap between resuscitation science and the victims, both in and out of the hospital, and lay the foundation for further improvements in the future.
Concentration of coliphage from water and sewage with charge-modified filter aid (1983)

Methods of detecting and concentrating animal viruses from large volumes of water and wastewater have experienced rapid development in recent years, but only a few methods are available for the concentration of bacteriophages. The present study describes the use of a charge-modified (Zeta Plus) filter aid (AMF Cuno, Meriden, Conn.) for the concentration of coliphages from large volumes of water and sewage. Coliphages MS-2 and f2 were efficiently adsorbed from water and sewage to the positively charged filter aid. Elution was accomplished with 4% beef extract--0.5 M NaCl adjusted to pH 9.5. The recovery of f2 from 10- to 20-liter volumes of tap water ranged between 11 and 70%, and the recovery of MS-2 ranged between 43 and 70%. The efficiency of recovery of naturally occurring coliphages from secondarily treated sewage ranged between 16 and 44%. This technique appears to be promising because it requires low-cost equipment (47-mm polypropylene filter housing), is easy to handle, and can filter large volumes of water (greater than or equal to 20 liters) with good recoveries. Filtrations can be conducted at the ambient pH of the water, and the unit cost per filtration (i.e., the cost of filter aid) comes to less than three cents per sampling. The technique could be useful in evaluation of viral water quality, study of ecology and occurrence of phages in natural waters, and isolation of rare phages from natural waters.
Enterotoxin Plasmid from <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Is Conjugative (2001)

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin is the major virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of C. perfringens type A food poisoning and several non-food-borne human gastrointestinal illnesses. The enterotoxin gene, cpe, is located on the chromosome of food-poisoning isolates but is found on a large plasmid in non-food-borne gastrointestinal disease isolates and in veterinary isolates. To evaluate whether the cpe plasmid encodes its own conjugative transfer, a C. perfringens strain carrying pMRS4969, a plasmid in which a 0.4-kb segment internal to the cpe gene had been replaced by the chloramphenicol resistance gene catP, was used as a donor in matings with several cpe-negative C. perfringens isolates. Chloramphenicol resistance was transferred at frequencies ranging from 2.0 x 10(-2) to 4.6 x 10(-4) transconjugants per donor cell. The transconjugants were characterized by PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and Southern hybridization analyses. The results demonstrated that the entire pMRS4969 plasmid had been transferred to the recipient strain. Plasmid transfer required cell-to-cell contact and was DNase resistant, indicating that transfer occurred by a conjugation mechanism. In addition, several fragments of the prototype C. perfringens tetracycline resistance plasmid, pCW3, hybridized with pMRS4969, suggesting that pCW3 shares some similarity to pMRS4969. The clinical significance of these findings is that if conjugative transfer of the cpe plasmid occurred in vivo, it would have the potential to convert cpe-negative C. perfringens strains in normal intestinal flora into strains capable of causing gastrointestinal disease.
Charuco Board-Based Omnidirectional Camera Calibration Method (2018)

In this paper, we propose a Charuco board-based omnidirectional camera calibration method to solve the problem of conventional methods requiring overly complicated calibration procedures. Specifically, the proposed method can easily and precisely provide two-dimensional and three-dimensional coordinates of patterned feature points by arranging the omnidirectional camera in the Charuco board-based cube structure. Then, using the coordinate information of the feature points, an intrinsic calibration of each camera constituting the omnidirectional camera can be performed by estimating the perspective projection matrix. Furthermore, without an additional calibration structure, an extrinsic calibration of each camera can be performed, even though only part of the calibration structure is included in the captured image. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed method exhibits increased reliability, because it does not require additional adjustments to the mirror angle or the positions of several pattern boards. Moreover, the proposed method calibrates independently, regardless of the number of cameras comprising the omnidirectional camera or the camera rig structure. In the experimental results, for the intrinsic parameters, the proposed method yielded an average reprojection error of 0.37 pixels, which was better than that of conventional methods. For the extrinsic parameters, the proposed method had a mean absolute error of 0.90° for rotation displacement and a mean absolute error of 1.32 mm for translation displacement.
PDA: Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Providing efficient data aggregation while preserving data privacy is a challenging problem in wireless sensor networks research. In this paper, we present two privacy-preserving data aggregation schemes for additive aggregation functions. The first scheme -cluster-based private data aggregation (CPDA)-leverages clustering protocol and algebraic properties of polynomials. It has the advantage of incurring less communication overhead. The second scheme -Slice-Mix-AggRegaTe (SMART)-builds on slicing techniques and the associative property of addition. It has the advantage of incurring less computation overhead. The goal of our work is to bridge the gap between collaborative data collection by wireless sensor networks and data privacy. We assess the two schemes by privacy-preservation efficacy, communication overhead, and data aggregation accuracy. We present simulation results of our schemes and compare their performance to a typical data aggregation scheme -TAG, where no data privacy protection is provided. Results show the efficacy and efficiency of our schemes. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is among the first on privacy-preserving data aggregation in wireless sensor networks.
A Design Approach to AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) Bus Architecture with Dynamic Lottery Arbiter (2009)

On-chip communication architecture plays an important role in determining the overall performance of the system-on-chip (SoC) design. In the resource sharing mechanism of SoC, the communication architecture should be flexible to offer high performance over a wide range of traffic. The low priority components may suffer from starvation, while high priority components may have large latency. The conventional bus-distribution algorithms, such as the static fixed priority and the round robin, show several defects that are bus starvation, and low system performance because of bus distribution latency in a bus cycle time. The lottery bus arbiter scheme like static & dynamic are already shows efficiency over traditional methods. AMBA (advanced microcontroller bus architecture) defines both bus specification and a technology independent methodology for designing, implementing and testing customized high-integration embedded controllers. Here author presents AMBA using dynamic lottery bus arbiter. The architecture is based on a probability bus distribution algorithm. The architecture is model in VHDL and some simulation results are presented.
An 80-mVpp Linear-Input Range, 1.6-GΩ Input Impedance, Low-Power Chopper Amplifier for Closed-Loop Neural Recording That Is Tolerant to 650-mVpp Common-Mode Interference (2017)

Closed-loop neuromodulation is essential for the advance of neuroscience and for administering therapy in patients suffering from drug-resistant neurological conditions. Neural stimulation generates large differential and commonmode (CM) artifacts at the recording sites, which easily saturate traditional recording front ends. This paper presents a neural recording chopper amplifier capable of handling in-band 80-mVpp differential artifacts and 650-mVpp CM artifacts while preserving the accompanying small neural signals. New techniques have been proposed that introduce immunity to CM interference, increase the input impedance of the chopper amplifier to 1.6 GQ, and increase the maximum realizable resistance of dutycycled resistors (DCR) to 90 GQ. These techniques enable our recording front-end to achieve a dynamic range of 74 dB (200 Hz- 5 kHz) and 81 dB (1-200 Hz). Implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process, the prototype occupies an area of 0.069 mm2/channel, and consumes 2.8 μW from a 1.2-V supply. The input-referred noise is 5.3 μVrms (200 Hz-5 kHz) and 1.8 μVrms (1-200Hz). The total harmonic distortion for a 40-mVp input at 1 kHz is -76 dB. This work improves the input impedance by 5.3× for chopped front-ends, linear-input range by 2×, maximum resistance of DCR by 32×, and tolerance to CM interferers by 6.5×, while maintaining comparable power and noise performance.
MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Breast Cancer (2009)

Breast cancer is a complex phenotypically diverse genetic disease, involving a variety of changes in gene expression and structure. Recent advances in molecular profiling technology have made great progress in unravelling the molecular taxonomy of breast cancer, which has shed new light on the aetiology of the disease and also heralded great potential for the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Mi(cro)RNAs are a contemporary class of small noncoding endogenous RNA molecules, generating great excitement in the clinical and scientific communities. The recent discovery that miRNA expression is frequently dysregulated in cancer has uncovered an entirely new repertoire of molecular factors upstream of gene expression, which warrants extensive investigation to further elucidate their precise role in malignancy. We present a comprehensive and timely review of the role of miRNAs in cancer: addressing miRNA function, their putative role as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, with a particular emphasis on breast cancer throughout. We discuss the recent discovery of quantifiable circulating cancer-associated miRNAs, which heralds immense potential for their use as novel minimally invasive biomarkers for breast and other cancers. Finally, we comment on the potential role of miRNAs in breast cancer management, particularly in improving current prognostic tools and achieving the goal of individualized cancer treatment.
THE THERMOMAGNETIC FIGURE OF MERIT AND ETTINGSHAUSEN COOLING IN Bi–Sb ALLOYS (1963)

First Page
Transcripts of human HLA gene fragments lacking the 5'-terminal region in transfected mouse cells. (1984)

Clones of mouse L cells transfected with a human HLA-B7 gene fragment lacking the 5' segment of exon 2 and all upstream sequences express HLA-specific transcripts of various lengths. These include species that correspond in size to full-length HLA-B7 mRNA. The level of these transcripts is increased in cells treated with interferon. It is probable that the full-length transcripts arise as a result of the linkage of the HLA-B7 gene fragments with DNA segments providing transcription initiation or polyadenylylation signals.
Depth distributions and damage characteristics of protons implanted in <i>n</i>-type GaAs (1985)

Depth distributions of 300-keV protons implanted in n-type GaAs and characteristics of the associated damage in the crystalline material have been obtained. Range profiles of the implanted 1H ions as a function of substrate implantation temperature have been determined using secondary ion mass spectrometry for fluences of 5×1014 and 5×1015 cm−2. The projected range for the protons was approximately 2.7 μm for the room temperature implants, but a significant rearrangement of the 1H atoms occurred during elevated temperature implantation. While cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy showed no evidence of crystal damage in as-implanted wafers, plan-view measurements revealed platelike damage structures in the surface region (&lt; 1μm).