gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phantom evaluation of Sentinel<sup>™</sup>, a commercial laser/camera surface imaging system for patient setup verification in radiotherapy (2012)

The Sentinel setup verification device is a reproducible and consistent system able to detect misalignments with accuracy better than 1 mm and 1°. When tested on rigid body phantoms, Sentinel and CBCT performed similarly. When compared to portal imaging, both Sentinel and CBCT were more accurate.
2010 U.S. Catfish Database (2011)

Cover title. March 2013. Sources: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Mississippi Agricultural Statistics Service (MASS).
Multiple-Cell Reference Scheme for Narrow Reference Resistance Distribution in Deep Submicrometer STT-RAM (2016)

Spin-transfer-torque random access memory (STT-RAM) has attracted much research interest because of its characteristics of nonvolatility (i.e., zero standby power) and small cell size (i.e., high density and high performance). As the technology node is scaled down, however, the sensing margin of the STT-RAM is degraded because of the increased process variation and reduced supply voltage. To improve the sensing margin, this brief focuses on a reference scheme design capable of reducing the reference resistance distribution. A multiple-cell reference (MCR) scheme is proposed that achieves the narrow reference resistance distribution. Moreover, the MCR scheme does not exhibit parasitic mismatch, regularity problem, read disturbance, and write current degradation, and it also has small area overhead.
PERSPECTIVA DA DIDÁTICA APLICADA À ENFERMAGEM NO CURRÍCULO DO CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DO ENFERMEIRO NURSING EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE IN THE CURRICULUM OF PROFESSIONAL FORMATION COURSE IN NURSING (2010)

Este estudo analisou as perspectivas da “Didática Aplicada à Enfermagem”, uma vez que a incorporação desta\ndisciplina nos currículos dos cursos de Bacharelado em Enfermagem é um fenômeno relativamente recente.\nEntretanto, apesar da relevante contribuição que essa disciplina pode oferecer na formação do profissional de\nEnfermagem, são escassos os referenciais teóricos que abordem, com especificidade e propriedade, aspectos\ndidáticos da sua prática educativa. Por isso, os autores deste artigo sentiram-se motivados a escrever esse\ntrabalho com o intuito de contribuir com discussões teórico-práticas para essa área de formação, uma vez que\neles se revezam na tarefa de ministrar essa disciplina para os alunos do curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem,\noferecido pela Faminas/Muriaé-MG. A partir dos elementos que foi possível destacar, pôde-se perceber que\nlevar em consideração o contexto em que o profissional vai atuar e para o qual se vai falar é primordial com\nvistas à realização de uma intervenção de qualidade.
A 50-110 GHz ohmic contact RF MEMS silicon switch with high isolation (2010)

This paper presents the new concept of RF MEMS silicon contact switch and its verification for high isolation at 50-110 GHz. A high isolation is achieved by locating the floating top contact electrode 30 ¿m apart from the bottom coplanar waveguide (CPW) signal line in lateral direction at initial off-state. The switch contact is realized by the dual axis movement, namely a lateral movement by comb electrodes and a following vertical movement by a bottom electrode. The actuation voltages are measured for dual axis movement. The isolation of the switch was measured at 50-110 GHz to prove the concept of isolation improvement using dual axis movement.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci. Pathogens have major role in nosocomial infections. (2001)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci live naturally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and are therefore often found in clinical specimens. Distinguishing clinically significant, pathogenic strains from contaminant strains is one of the major challenges facing clinical microbiology laboratories. S epidermidis and other novobiocin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci have emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections, particularly of nosocomial bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. S epidermidis also is common in injecting drug users, who are particularly susceptible to right-sided endocarditis, and--most important--in patients with such indwelling foreign bodies as intravenous catheters. Depending on the kind of device and its insertion site, different infection syndromes generate a variety of clinical presentations. In these patients, the host defense mechanisms often seem unable to handle the infection and, in particular, to eliminate the staphylococci from the infected device because of a biofilm on the foreign body surface. S saprophyticus, the most commonly isolated bacterium of the novobiocin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, is a common pathogen of the urogenital tract; it generally infects immunocompetent patients, particularly young, sexually active men and women.
An Experimental Study of Search in Global Social Networks (2003)

We report on a global social-search experiment in which more than 60,000 e-mail users attempted to reach one of 18 target persons in 13 countries by forwarding messages to acquaintances. We find that successful social search is conducted primarily through intermediate to weak strength ties, does not require highly connected "hubs" to succeed, and, in contrast to unsuccessful social search, disproportionately relies on professional relationships. By accounting for the attrition of message chains, we estimate that social searches can reach their targets in a median of five to seven steps, depending on the separation of source and target, although small variations in chain lengths and participation rates generate large differences in target reachability. We conclude that although global social networks are, in principle, searchable, actual success depends sensitively on individual incentives.
<title>Temperature and stress fields during laser cladding of stellite protective coatings</title> (2006)

The time dependent temperature and strain-stress fields are numerically calculated for the laser cladding of protective stellite SF6 coatings on the X10Cr13 chromium steel. The temperature dependent material properties and also effects of the base preheating and time delay between cladding of the consecutive layers are taken into account. Results of the model calculations indicate that the micro-cracking susceptibility of the coating is smaller for the preheated base. In the case of the substrate initial temperature of 600 °C the calculated strain stresses lie below the limit of the stellite tensile strength. This is confirmed in experiment by the crack-free coatings while for the samples cladded on the non-preheated substrate cracks are produced. An increase of the cracking susceptibility with prolonged time delay between preparation cycles of the consecutive layers is evidenced by modelling, which agrees with experiment, too.
The growth inhibitor of African green monkey (BSC-1) cells is transforming growth factors .beta.1 and .beta.2 (1989)

The growth inhibitory activity in conditioned medium of African green monkey kidney epithelial (BSC-1) cells that has been shown to arise, at least in part, from transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) [Hanks, S. K., Armour, R., Baldwin, J. H., Maldonado, F., Spiess, J., & Holley, R. W. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 79-82] was tested for growth inhibitory activity prior to and following acidification. Similar to TGF-beta 1 from human platelets, the inhibitory activity from BSC-1 cells demonstrated an 8-10-fold stimulation following acidification, showing that the activity was secreted from the cells in latent form. Conditioned medium from BSC-1 cells was collected, acidified, and fractionated by procedures that separate TGF-beta 1 and -2. Biological activity was assayed by using the BSC-1 cell proliferation assay. Two active proteins with properties similar to known TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 were identified. Identity was confirmed by using immunological and amino acid sequencing techniques. These results were consistent with Northern blot analysis of total BSC-1 RNA, using cDNA probes for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2, which demonstrated strong signals for both mRNAs. Metabolic labeling in conjunction with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the cells secrete approximately 10% TGF-beta 1 and 90% TGF-beta 2.
Enzyme-catalyzed regioselective deacylation of protected sugars in carbohydrate synthesis (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-catalyzed regioselective deacylation of protected sugars in carbohydrate synthesisHenri M. Sweers and Chi Huey. WongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 20, 6421–6422Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00280a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00280a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views547Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
2‘-<i>C</i>-Branched Ribonucleosides. 2. Synthesis of 2‘-<i>C</i>-<i>β</i>-Trifluoromethyl Pyrimidine Ribonucleosides<sup>1</sup> (2001)

[structure: see text]. The first synthesis of 2'-C-beta-trifluoromethyl pyrimidine ribonucleosides is described. 1,2,3,5-Tetra-O-benzoyl-2-C-beta-trifluoromethyl-alpha-D-ribofuranose (3) is prepared from 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-ribofuranose (1) in three steps and converted to 3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-C-beta-trifluoromethyl-alpha-D-1-ribofuranosyl bromide (5). The 1-bromo derivative (5) is found to be a powerful reaction intermediate for the synthesis of ribonucleosides. The reaction of silylated pyrimidines with (5) in the presence of HgO/HgBr2 affords exclusively the beta-anomers (6-8). Deprotection of (6-8) with ammonia in methanol yields the 2'-C-beta-trifluoromethyl nucleosides (9-11).
CD70/CD27 ligand, a member of the TNF family, is expressed in human brain tumors (2002)

CD70 (CD27 ligand) has been implicated in proapoptotic signals mediated by its receptor CD27 in lymphocytes as well as in proliferative effects induced by reverse signaling in CD70-positive hematopoetic tumor cells. We were able to show that CD70 is expressed at the mRNA and protein level in human meningioma cells, glioma cells from solid human gliomas as well as glioma cell lines and 1 ependynoma. The intensity of CD70 expression varies considerably between different samples from 1 tumor type. In the U343 glioma cell line, CD70 was preferentially localized in the cell processes. Thus, our studies identify CD70 as a new marker molecule in brain tumors that are of nonhematopoetic origin.
The feasibility and validity of ambulatory self-report of psychotic symptoms using a smartphone software application (2012)

Ambulatory monitoring of symptoms several times daily using smartphone software applications represents a feasible and valid way of assessing psychotic phenomena for research and clinical management purposes. Further evaluation required over longer assessment periods, in clinical trials and service settings.
Debugging functional programs (1999)

In this paper, we use a logic-based system description for a simple (non-logic) functional language to examine the ways in which a diagnosis system can use its system description to improve debugging performance. The key concepts for this are that the notion of expression replacement, which is the basis for repairing a program, can also serve as a fundamental heuristic for searching the source of an error. We formally define replacements in terms of fault modes, explicitly define a replacement order, and present an algorithm that uses the replacement heuristic for finding diagnoses. Finally, we incorporate the use of multiple test cases and discuss the resulting reduction of the number of computed diagnoses. Introduction Although model-based diagnosis (MBD) (Rei87; dKW87) provides a general diagnosis framework, most of its applications are within the hardware domain or use models of the physical world. However, several attempts have been made to extend the application of diagnosis met...
Temporal Profiles of Accumulation of Amyloid β/A4 Protein Precursor in the Gerbil after Graded Ischemic Stress (1994)

The neurons that accumulate β/A4 amyloid protein precursor (APP) after transient cerebral ischemia were characterized by comparing their distribution with those destined to suffer delayed neuronal death or those with induction of 72-kDa heat-shock protein. With immunohistochemistry of APP in gerbil brains, no alterations were detected after ischemia for 2 min and subsequent reperfusion for up to 7 days, whereas after ischemia for 3 min and reperfusion for 48 h, a small number of neurons, intensely immunoreactive for APP, were found to be scattered in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus and the layer V/VI of the frontoparietal cortex. After reperfusion for 24 h following ischemia for 5 or 15 min, a large number of densely stained neurons appeared in the subiculum, and CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, and layers III and V/VI of the frontoparietal cortex. The majority of these neurons did not undergo delayed neuronal death after reperfusion for 72 h and thereafter. APP and heat-shock protein were upregulated in the same regions, but mostly in distinct neurons. These results indicate that APP accumulates in the neurons marginating the regions destined to die, and the majority of these neurons seem to survive after ischemic insult.
Real-Time In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antibiotics in a Rat <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Endocarditis Model (2004)

Therapeutic options for invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections have become limited due to rising antimicrobial resistance, making relevant animal model testing of new candidate agents more crucial than ever. In the present studies, a rat model of aortic infective endocarditis (IE) caused by a bioluminescently engineered, biofilm-positive S. aureus strain was used to evaluate real-time antibiotic efficacy directly. This strain was vancomycin and cefazolin susceptible but gentamicin resistant. Bioluminescence was detected and quantified daily in antibiotic-treated and control animals with IE, using a highly sensitive in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Persistent and increasing cardiac bioluminescent signals (BLS) were observed in untreated animals. Three days of vancomycin therapy caused significant reductions in both cardiac BLS (>10-fold versus control) and S. aureus densities in cardiac vegetations (P < 0.005 versus control). However, 3 days after discontinuation of vancomycin therapy, a greater than threefold increase in cardiac BLS was observed, indicating relapsing IE (which was confirmed by quantitative culture). Cefazolin resulted in modest decreases in cardiac BLS and bacterial densities. These microbiologic and cardiac BLS differences during therapy correlated with a longer time-above-MIC for vancomycin (>12 h) than for cefazolin ( approximately 4 h). Gentamicin caused neither a reduction in cardiac S. aureus densities nor a reduction in BLS. There were significant correlations between cardiac BLS and S. aureus densities in vegetations in all treatment groups. These data suggest that bioluminescent imaging provides a substantial advance in the real-time monitoring of the efficacy of therapy of invasive S. aureus infections in live animals.
Degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorization theory (1976)

Abstract Basic theory and principles of degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorization are reviewed. Composition of crude oils, hydration of ions and molecules, neutralization of organic acid, and separation and modification of products by centrifugation, adsorption, and vacuum steam distillation are briefly summarized. Reactions of vegetable oils include hydration, neutralization, and oxidation.
Crocetin, a Carotenoid from <scp><i>Gardenia jasminoides</i></scp> Ellis, Protects against Hypertension and Cerebral Thrombogenesis in Stroke‐prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2014)

Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Cape Jasmine) and in the stamen and pistil of Crocus sativus L. (saffron). It is used worldwide as an important spice, food colorant, and herbal medicine. In the current investigation, we have examined the cardiovascular effects of crocetin using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs). Male SHRSPs (6 weeks old) were classified into three groups: a control group and two crocetin groups (25 and 50 mg/kg/day). The animals were given crocetin for 3 weeks. Body weights in each group were not significantly different during the treatment period, but the increase in systolic blood pressures observed with age was significantly moderated by crocetin. Thrombogenesis, assessed using a He-Ne laser technique in pial vessels, was significantly decreased. Antioxidant activity, assessed by measuring urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels, together with urinary nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels, was increased significantly after treatment. Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was measured using the aorta and indicated that endothelial function was significantly improved by crocetin. These results strongly suggest that the antihypertensive and antithrombotic effects of crocetin were related to an increase in bioavailable NO, possibly mediated by decreased inactivation of NO by reactive oxygen species.
A Microcomputer-Based Heart-Rate Variability Monitor (1983)

A cost-effective method of on-line measurement of beat-to-beat heart-rate variability is presented. Based on a commercial microcomputer, the data is formatted as a histogram covering up to 500 past events in the form of a moving time window. Analysis of the QRS peak detector used in the instrumentation shows the conditions necessary for 1 ms resolution. The system permits the on-line calculation of statistical parameters, which are presented when a hard copy of the histogram is requested.
Composite Rod Optical Masers (1962)

A new optical maser structure is described which reduces the threshold pumping power and increases the available output. It consists of a composite rod, which has a core of maser material (e.g., ruby) covered by a coaxial sheath of transparent refractive material (e.g., sapphire). Refraction of pumping light by the sheath is shown to increase the intensity at the active core. The structure also facilitates cooling by providing an increased surface area.
Cancer metastasis (1991)

The process of metastasis consists of a series of linked, sequential steps that must be completed by tumour cells if a metastasis is to develop. Although some of the steps in this process contain stochastic elements, metastasis as a whole favors the survival and growth of a few subpopulations of tumour cells that pre-exist within the heterogeneous parent neoplasm. Metastases can have a clonal origin, and different metastases can originate from the proliferation of single cells. The outcome of metastasis depends on the interaction of metastatic cells with different organ environments. Organ-specific metastases have been demonstrated in a variety of experimental tumour systems, and tumour growth can be specific to a particular site within one organ. The factors that regulate metastasis are the intrinsic properties of some tumour cells and host factors involved in homeostasis. Understanding these factors should allow for the development of more effective treatment of cancer metastasis.
Responses to Risk (2006)

The aim of the chapter is to show how an investment project can be appraised, taking into account all the complexities of decision making. Most of the book has been devoted to placing the investment decision in its appropriate contexts, and in delineating how to identify and conceptualise the various risk environments which confront decision makers. This chapter starts by considering the two stages required in incorporating risk into the valuation of an investment project, quantification of country risk and valuation of an investment project. It brings together the different approaches — financial, strategic and organisational, and the different risk environments, culminating in the statement of an expanded net present value formula and how to determine the inputs into such a formula.KeywordsForeign Direct InvestmentDiscount RateHost CountryRisk PremiumInvestment ProjectThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Validation vector grade (VVG): a new coverage metric for validation and test (2003)

Current code coverage metrics used in high level VLSI design methodology are based on statement, branch, toggle and condition coverages of the HDL code obtained by simulating validation vectors. These measures allow the designer to find sections of the HDL code not executed during validation. Feedback from the code coverage analysis helps generate additional vectors to exercise previously unexercised functionality. In this paper, we explore the relationship between results of RTL code coverage and the gate level fault coverage. Based on the observations of this empirical study we propose a new and improved code coverage metric "Validation Vector Grade (VVG)". The VVG-approach modifies code coverage metrics by adding the concepts of observability and arithmetic fault library. VVG is an improved validation metric, which can also be used for early testability analysis at the RT level. Results of the VVG-approach at RT level are shown to be good indicators of the structural fault coverage. Experiments on actual telecommunication VLSI chip designs show that the VVG reported at the RT level can predict the post-synthesis gate level fault coverage with an error margin less than 4%. Also, the improvements in VVG at the RT level due to high-level design changes or added vectors track improvements in gate level fault coverage.
Fair and Scalable Load Distribution in the Internet. (2002)

The current best effort approach to quality of service (QoS) in the Internet can no longer satisfy a diverse variety of customer service requirements, and that i s why there is a need for alternative strategies. We believe that t he Internet needs means for providing a fine-grained per-flow QoS that does not cause network c ongestion and keeps overall l ink utilization high. In this paper we introduce an efficient, fast and scalable load distribution mechanism, which fairly distributes available resources among the flows based on their resource requirements. The load d istribution scheme (LDS) is implemented via a message exchange protocol which maintains high link utilization while incurring low overhead. We study the LDS a nd compare two fairness mechanisms introduced within the LDS framework using simulations in OPNET.