gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon paper substrate for silicon–carbon composite anodes in lithium-ion batteries (2013)

We have developed a new Si-based anode for lithium secondary batteries consisting of a carbon paper substrate and Si/C composite deposited on it (Si/C/CP electrode). The Si/C composite was formed by pyrolysis of a slurry consisting of Si power and THF solution of PVC as the carbon precursor. The electrode contains no additional conductive carbon and binder, which supports the tight contact among the Si particle, pyrolytic carbon and carbon paper. The Si/C/CP electrode with the three-dimensional carbon fiber framework of the carbon paper was also advantageous to absorb severe volume changes of silicon particles. The electrode performance revealed that the Si/C/CP electrode prepared from the mixture of Si and PVC with the ratio of 10:90 by weight had a quite high initial capacity of 1720 mAh g−1 and initial Coulombic efficiency of 90%, and also exhibited excellent capacity retention with a reversible capacity of 1200 mAh g−1 even after 100 cycles.
A Barbourin-albumin Fusion Protein that Is Slowly Cleared In Vivo Retains the Ability to Inhibit Platelet Aggregation In Vitro (2001)

Barbourin is a 73 amino acid venom protein that inhibits platelet aggregation. Recombinant barbourin (BARH6), rabbit serum albumin (RSAH6), and a barbourin-RSA fusion protein (barbourin-linker-albumin; BLAH6) were secreted from Pichia pastoris yeast, and purified by nickel-chelate affinity chromatography via their C-terminal hexahistidine (H6) tags. BARH6 and BLAH6 did not differ in their IC50s for inhibition of platelet aggregation using either human platelets stimulated with thrombin or ADP, or rabbit platelets stimulated with ADP. BARH6 and BLAH6 were also effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation in whole blood, and formed complexes with platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3. The terminal catabolic half-life of BLAH6 approached that of RSAH6 [3.4 +/- 0.2 versus 4.0 +/- 0.1 days (n = 4 +/- SD)], but was substantially increased relative to that of BARH6 [0.15 +/- 0.03 days (n = 3 +/- SD)]. Our results suggest that fusion to albumin slows the clearance of barbourin in vivo, while preserving its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation.
Development of a phosphorescent white OLED with extremely high power efficiency and long lifetime (2008)

Abstract— A white OLED device with extremely high power efficiency and long lifetime was developed, in which blue, yellow‐green, and red phosphorescent emitters were used. The performances achieved were 64 lm/W and 10,000 hours of lifetime at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 by using a light outcoupling technique. The device also exhibited the good durability important for practical usage. New technologies, such as blue phosphorescent materials and a sophisticated organic layer structure, were applied to the device. Hopefully, these technologies will open the door to the practical use of OLEDs as light sources.
1,3‐Dialkyl‐ and 1,3‐Diaryl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐2‐ylidene Rhodium(<scp>i)</scp> and Palladium(<scp>II</scp>) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity (2004)

The synthesis of novel 1,3-diaryl- and 1,3-dialkylpyrimidin-2-ylidene-based N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and their rhodium(i) and palladium(II) complexes is described. The rhodium compounds bromo(cod)[1,3-bis(2-propyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene]rhodium (7), bromo(cod)(1,3-dimesityl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)rhodium (8) (cod=eta(4)-1,5-cyclooctadiene, mesityl=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), chloro(cod)(1,3-dimesityl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)rhodium (9), and chloro(cod)[1,3-bis(2-propyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene]rhodium (10) were prepared by reaction of [[Rh(cod)Cl](2)] with lithium tert-butoxide followed by addition of 1,3-dimesityl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium bromide (3), 1,3-dimesityl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium tetrafluoroborate (4), 1,3-di-2-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium bromide (6), and 1,3-di-2-propyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium tetrafluoroborate, respectively. Complex 7 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n, and 8 in the monoclinic space group P2(1). Complexes 9 and 10 were used for the synthesis of the corresponding dicarbonyl complexes dicarbonylchloro(1,3-dimesityl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)rhodium (11), and dicarbonylchloro[1,3-bis(2-propyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene]rhodium (12). The wavenumbers nu(CO I)/nu(CO II) for 11 and 12 were used as a quantitative measure for the basicity of the NHC ligand. The values of 2062/1976 and 2063/1982 cm(-1), respectively, indicate that the new NHCs are among the most basic cyclic ligands reported so far. Compounds 3 and 6 were additionally converted to the corresponding cationic silver(i) bis-NHC complexes [Ag(1,3-dimesityl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)(2)]AgBr(2) (13) and [Ag[1,3-bis(2-propyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene](2)]AgBr(2) (14), which were subsequently used in transmetalation reactions for the synthesis of the corresponding palladium(II) complexes Pd(1,3-dimesityl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)(2) (2+)(Ag(2)Br(2)Cl(4) (4-))(1/2) (15) and Pd[1,3-bis(2-propyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)(2)]Cl(2) (16). Complex 15 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, and 16 in the monoclinic space group C(2)/c. The catalytic activity of 15 and 16 in Heck-type reactions was studied in detail. Both compounds are highly active in the coupling of aliphatic and aromatic vinyl compounds with aryl bromides and chlorides with turnover numbers (TONs) up to 2000000. Stabilities of 15 and 16 under Heck-couplings conditions were correlated with their molecular structure. Finally, selected kinetic data for these couplings are presented.
Dog model for study of supracrestal bone apposition around partially inserted implants (2002)

A dog model for study of supracrestal bone growth around partially inserted implants is described. The mandibular premolar teeth (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were extracted on both sides of the mandible in four dogs. At a surgical exposure 12 weeks later, two 10 mm titanium implants were partially inserted on each side, 15 mm apart, in the areas of the P1 and the P3 so that five threads protruded from the bone crest. A titanium mesh was fastened to the coronal aspect of the two fixtures and covered with an ePTFE membrane. Thus, a space for potential bone formation was created between the two implants. The surgical flaps were coronally positioned and secured with vertical mattress sutures. After 12 weeks of healing, biopsy specimens were retrieved and examined histologically. In three of the four dogs under study, the partially inserted implants had integrated and the intended large wound spaces had been created around the noninserted parts of the implants. However, bone was not formed around the protruding implants. Accordingly, this experimental model may prove useful for future studies on the use of various procedures that hypothetically may enhance bone formation.
An intelligent background‐correction algorithm for highly fluorescent samples in Raman spectroscopy (2009)

Abstract Fluorescent background is a major problem in recoding the Raman spectra of many samples, which swamps or obscures the Raman signals. The background should be suppressed in order to perform further qualitative or quantitative analysis of the spectra. For this purpose, an intelligent background‐correction algorithm is developed, which simulates manual background‐correction procedure intelligently. It basically consists of three aspects: (1) accurate peak position detection in the Raman spectrum by continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with the Mexican Hat wavelet as the mother wavelet; (2) peak‐width estimation by signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) enhancing derivative calculation based on CWT but with the Haar wavelet as the mother wavelet; and (3) background fitting using penalized least squares with binary masks. This algorithm does not require any preprocessing step for transforming the spectrum into the wavelet space and can suppress the fluorescent background of Raman spectra intelligently and validly. The algorithm is implemented in R language and available as open source software ( http://code.google.com/p/baselinewavelet ). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils (2014)

Cancer is a complex genetic disease that is a major public health problem worldwide, accounting for about 7 million deaths each year. Many anticancer drugs currently used clinically have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Accumulating data has revealed anticancer activity in plant-derived monoterpenes. In this review the antitumor activity of 37 monoterpenes found in essential oils is discussed. Chemical structures, experimental models, and mechanisms of action for bioactive substances are presented.
Photographic applications of lead iodide (1964)

This paper describes a new photographic process in which an image is recorded by the localized photodecomposition of lead iodide. The experimental techniques both for preparing thin films of lead iodide and also for recording different types of images are described in detail. Several possible applications of the process are discussed in terms of the resolving power, contrast and sensitivity of the films.
Effect of Boron Nitride Precipitation at Cavity Surface on Rupture Properties (2006)

Compositions of type 304 austenitic stainless steels were modified with additions of boron, cerium and titanium. The additions of cerium and titanium removed free sulfur almost completely by formation of sulfides (Ce2O2S2 and Ti4C2S2), and led to precipitation of boron nitride onto creep cavity surfaces during creep exposure. Chemistries of the creep cavity surfaces, exposed by breaking creep exposed specimens at liquid nitrogen temperature under impact loading, were examined by Auger electron spectroscopy. The Auger spectra revealed the presence of boron nitride precipitating onto creep cavity surfaces. It was indicated that the boron nitride suppressed creep cavity growth and provided the steel with higher rupture strength and higher rupture ductility.
Diagnostic change and the increased prevalence of autism (2009)

Changes in practices for diagnosing autism have had a substantial effect on autism caseloads, accounting for one-quarter of the observed increase in prevalence in California between 1992 and 2005.
Social Trust and Economic Governance (2004)

The paper investigates the dynamic relationship between social trust and economic governance using a principal-agent model with stochastic returns. To mitigate the inherent moral hazard problem both intrinsic and extrinsic incentives are useful. The cooperative tendency of an agent measures his intrinsic discipline against shirking, the distribution of which characterizes social trust in society. The economic governance methods include direct monitoring and efficiency wage. The main results are the following. An agent with a higher cooperative tendency needs less monitoring and a lower wage to make effort, which brings higher profit for the principal. But competition among principals for more cooperative agents drains away the extra profit and passes it on to the agent as a sign-in bonus. So an agent with a higher cooperative tendency ends up earning a higher total income. In the short run when cooperative tendencies are fixed, the distribution of economic governance intensity in the economy is determined by social trust. In the long run when cooperative tendencies are endogenously formed to maximize an agent’s lifetime utility, both social trust and economic governance are determined by fundamentals such as the costs of monitoring, screening, and investing in cooperative tendency. In the steady state, social trust increases in monitoring cost and decreases in screening and investing costs. An important insight the paper delivers is that principals always benefit from
Clinical Risk Factors and Angiographic Pattern of Coronary Artery Disease in Young Females (2020)

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with the highest mortality in women around the world. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical risk factors and angiographic pattern of coronary artery disease in young versus old age females having CAD.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi (CPE) Institute of Cardiology Multan, Pakistan from April 2018 to December 2018. All females with diagnosis of angina and consistent ischemic changes on ECG were enrolled in the study. A total of 230 females were included with 123 patients aged <45 years and 107 patients aged >45 years. Comparison of patient characteristics, clinical risk factors and angiographic pattern in young and old age females was done by using SPSS version 21 statistical software.Results: Prevalence of hypertension (P=0.001), dyslipidemia (P=0.06) and diabetes mellitus (P=0.007) was significantly higher in females of older age group (>45 years). Similarly, a larger number of older age females (32; 29.9%) presented with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) as compared to young female patients (22; 17.88%) (P=0.03). Regarding angiographic patterns of CAD, there was no difference in the prevalence of single vessel disease (SVD), double vessel disease (DVD) and triple vessel disease (TVD) between the groups. Normal angiogram was found in 13 (12.3%) old age females versus 35 (28.8%) young females, respectively (P=0.002).Conclusions: The risk factors profile and clinical presentation of CAD is different in young female patients with CAD. There is an essential need to determine the coronary atherosclerosis factors in young females and these women should be treated more aggressively to prevent adverse cardio-vascular outcomes.Key words: Angiographic Pattern, Coronary Artery Disease, Clinical Pattern, Young Females
Rapid quantification of viable legionellae in water and biofilm using ethidium monoazide coupled with real‐time quantitative PCR (2010)

The EMA-qPCR assay may be useful in environmental surveillance for viable legionellae and in evaluation of superheating efficacy against legionellae.
Molecular expression of SLC4-derived Na<sup>+</sup>-dependent anion transporters in selected human tissues (2007)

NaHCO(3) transporters are involved in maintenance of intracellular pH and transepithelial HCO(3)(-) movement in many rodent tissues. To establish the human relevance of the many investigations on rodents, this study aimed to map these transporters and a related polypeptide, NaBC1 [solute carrier 4 (SLC4)A11], to several human tissues by using PCR on reverse transcribed human mRNA and immunoperoxidase histochemistry. The mRNA encoding the electroneutral Na(+):HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBCe1; SLC4A4), was expressed in renal cortex, renal medulla, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, pancreas, choroid plexus, cerebellum, cerebrum, and hippocampus. NBCe2 (SLC4A5) and NBCn1 (SLC4A7) mRNAs were mainly found in kidney and brain tissues, as was mRNA encoding the Na(+)-dependent anion exchangers NCBE (SLC4A10) and NDCBE1 (SLC4A8). In addition to previous findings, NBCn1 protein was localized to human renal medullary thick ascending limbs and duodenal epithelial villus cells and NBCe2 protein to renal collecting ducts. Finally, the message encoding NaBC1 was found in kidney, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and brain, and the corresponding protein in the anterior and posterior corneal epithelia, renal corpuscules, proximal tubules, collecting ducts, pancreatic ducts, and the choroid plexus epithelium. In conclusion, the selected human tissues display distinct expression patterns of HCO(3)(-) transporters, which closely resemble that of rodent tissues.
Non-Destructive Radiographic Evaluation and Repairs to Pre-Stressed Structures following Partial Collapse (2012)

This article presents use of radiographic imaging (X-Ray) in evaluation of existing reinforcing steel configuration of structures and development of steel retrofit and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) repairs. A collapse of the driving surface in a precast concrete parking deck prompted an engineering evaluation and survey of the whole deck for damage assessment and repairs to distressed members. Distress was identified in decking members and perimeter spandrel beams. Repairs to the decking members involved supporting the distressed decking using supplemental steel brackets installed through the double-tee stems containing pre-stressing tendons. The precise location of the tendons in the stems needed to be identified to implement this repair in order not to damage the tendons during drilling. Radiographic X-ray imaging in this application enabled locating and avoiding the tendons in the stems to support and strengthen the decking member. The supplemental steel bracket also enabled continued operation of an existing expansion joint in the area of repair. The same technique was also used to identify steel reinforcement configuration in the spandrel beams exhibiting cracking at bearing locations for evaluation of existing steel configuration and implementation of CFRP repairs .
Therapeutic drug monitoring of non-tricyclic antidepressant drugs (2004)

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of many of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) has been demonstrated to be of clear clinical value. This article reviews studies of TDM for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other non-tricyclic antidepressants such as venlafaxine, nefazodone, trazodone, mianserin and bupropion. No definitive therapeutic concentrations have been demonstrated for these agents, nor have levels indicative of toxicity been reported. The major benefit of TDM for these agents would appear to be in the assessment of the apparently treatment-refractory depressed patient, to determine whether such lack of response is related to inadequate levels that would suggest either poor compliance, ultra-rapid metabolism, or drug interactions leading to induction of metabolising enzymes. Potential future applications of TDM, in conjunction with genotyping of cytochrome P450 enzymes and pharmacogenomic evaluations, are discussed.
<i>In Vivo</i> Selection and Chemoprotection After Drug Resistance Gene Therapy in a Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Transplantation Setting in Dogs (2007)

We have previously demonstrated successful in vivo selection, chemoprotection, and modulation of donor chimerism in dogs that received myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation with cells expressing the P140K mutant of the DNA repair enzyme methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMTP140K). Here, we wished to investigate whether in vivo selection, chemoprotection, and modulation of donor chimerism could also be achieved after nonmyeloablative transplantation, which could allow for less toxic transplantation regimens for patients with malignant and genetic diseases. Three dogs received a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen and infusion of allogeneic stem cells transduced with MGMTP140K. All three dogs had stable gene marking and donor chimerism before receiving a course of O(6) -benzylguanine (O(6) BG)/1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) between days 210 and 589 after transplantation. One to four doses led to a marked increase in gene marking in all dogs. Furthermore, the transduced cells conferred chemoprotection and prevented severe neutropenia. Our results suggest that drug resistance gene therapy is feasible and safe in the nonmyeloablative transplantation setting.
Ar-Rahnu (Islamic Pawning Broking) Opportunities and Challenges in Malaysia (2008)

This paper aims to identify the key factors that have contributed to the existence and the growth of Ar-Rahnu (Islamic pawn broking scheme) in Malaysia. Based on the previous studies and cost of borrowing analysis, this paper found that the need for interest (riba) free, transparent transaction and low cost short-term cash borrowing scheme is much preferred by the pawning customers. Besides that the cost of borrowing in this scheme is the lowest compared to the conventional pawn broking scheme. However, the Ar-Rahnu scheme needs to address central issues such as the marketing, public awareness and the locations of this scheme.
Structural Characterization of Switchgrass Lignin after Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatment (2011)

Kanlow switchgrass was subjected to aqueous ethanol organosolv pretreatment, and ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) was recovered through precipitation of pretreatment effluents. Ball-milled switchgrass lignin was also isolated from unpretreated and pretreated switchgrass. The obtained switchgrass lignins were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), two-dimensional (2D) heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that the molecular weight of switchgrass EOL lignin decreased while polydispersity increased. The pretreatment resulted in an increase of free phenolic guaiacyl and syringyl units and a decrease of the β-O-4 linkage content.
Silica exposure, smoking, silicosis and lung cancer--complex interactions (2009)

Further research is needed in order to understand the complex pattern of interactions leading to lung cancer among silica-exposed workers (and cancers and workplace exposures in general) and to understand whether and to what extent other workplace lung carcinogens, total respirable dust and total surface size and age of silica particles affect the carcinogenic potential of silica. In addition, the apparent paradox of a lower lung cancer risk in some workplaces with high-level silica exposure needs further investigation.
Streaming from a sphere due to a pulsating source (1990)

The steady streaming outside the Stokes shear-wave layer, which forms on the surface of a sphere when placed close to an oscillatory point source, is considered. Particular attention is devoted to the case of high streaming Reynolds-number flow. Thin circular jets, analogous to the plane jets known to occur in two-dimensional flow, are predicted and visualized by means of a simple experiment.
Acute hypotensive responses to peptide inhibitors of renin in conscious monkeys: an effect on blood pressure independent of plasma renin inhibition (1990)

In order to investigate the hypotensive mechanisms of action of peptide renin inhibitors, blood pressure responses to five renin inhibitors were compared with those to the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat, in conscious African green and rhesus monkeys. (3S-4S)-4-amino-5-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy pentanoic acid (ACHPA)-containing renin inhibitory peptide (ACRIP) and enalaprilat both decreased blood pressure in euvolemic and volume-depleted African green monkeys. However, while a maximum dose of enalaprilat reduced blood pressure to 80 +/- 4 and 56 +/- 4 mmHg in the euvolemic and volume-depleted monkeys, respectively, ACRIP lowered pressure to life-threatening levels (less than 40 mmHg) under both conditions. The relative potencies of ACRIP and four other renin inhibitors for inhibiting in vitro plasma renin activity (PRA; IC50) were compared with their potencies in reducing blood pressure by 15 mmHg (ED15 mmHg) and lowering blood pressure more than enalaprilat in volume-depleted rhesus monkeys. All renin inhibitors lowered blood pressure significantly beyond the maximal response to enalaprilat. Despite a significant correlation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.05) between the in vitro PRA inhibitory potency and the in vivo ED15 mmHg, doses which lowered blood pressure beyond the maximal responses to enalaprilat were not significantly correlated (r = 0.53, P greater than 0.05) with the in vitro PRA IC50 values. Furthermore, the profound depressor responses to renin inhibitors in rhesus monkeys were accompanied by increases in the heart rate and decreases in pulse pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)