gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical accelerator safety considerations: Report of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 35 (1993)

Ensuring safe operation for a medical accelerator is a difficult task. Users must assume more responsibility in using contemporary equipment. Additionally, users must work closely with manufacturers in promoting the safe and effective use of such complex equipment. Complex treatment techniques and treatment modality changeover procedures merit detailed, unambiguous written procedural instruction at the control console. A thorough "hands on" training period after receiving instructions, and before assuming treatment responsibilities, is essential for all technologists. Unambiguous written instructions must also be provided to guide technologists in safe response when equipment malfunctions or exhibits unexpected behavior or after any component has been changed or readjusted. Technologists should be given a written list of the appropriate individuals to consult when unexpected machine behavior occurs. They should be assisted in identifying aberrant behavior of equipment. Many centers already provide this instruction, but others may not. Practiced response and discussion with technologists should be a part of an ongoing quality assurance program. An important aspect of a safety program is the need for continuous vigilance. Table III gives a summary of a comprehensive safety program for medical accelerators. Table IV gives a list of summary recommendations as an example of how one might mitigate the consequences of an equipment failure and improve procedures and operator response in the context of the environment described. Most of these recommendations can be implemented almost immediately at any individual treatment center.
Cell Therapy of Stage IV Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Autologous Epstein-Barr Virus–Targeted Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2005)

Cell therapy with EBV-targeted autologous CTLs is safe, induces LMP-2-specific immunologic responses, and is associated with objective responses and control of disease progression in patients with stage IV NPC resistant to conventional treatments.
A nitride based polarization-engineered photocathode for water splitting without a p-type semiconductor (2014)

Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising way for hydrogen production with low environmental burden. Although III-nitride semiconductors have potentially favorable properties as water splitting photoelectrodes, they have several limitations for practical use currently. In this study, the concept of a polarization-engineered nitride photocathode for water splitting is proposed to overcome this problem. We observed that the proposed GaN/AlN/GaN structure worked as a photocathode even though it consisted of only n-type III-nitride semiconductors. This polarization-engineered photocathode showed a remarkably stable and relatively high photocurrent since it can avoid the causes of problems from which both n-type and p-type conventional GaN photoelectrodes suffer.
3-Cyano-4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine. An Azalog of the Aglycone of Toyocamycin<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Cyano-4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine. An Azalog of the Aglycone of Toyocamycin1Edward C. Taylor and Ahmad Abul-HusnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 1, 342–343Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01339a516https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01339a516research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Models and measurements for the transmission of submicron-width waveguide bends defined in two-dimensional photonic crystals (2002)

One of the essential building-blocks of miniature photonic crystal (PC)-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is the sharp bend. Our group has focused on the 2-D photonic crystal based on a triangular lattice of holes perforating a standard heterostructure. The latter, GaAlAs-based or InP-based, is vertically a monomode waveguide. We consider essentially one or two 60/spl deg/ bends defined by one to five missing rows, spanning both cases of monomode and multimode channel waveguides. From intensive modeling and various experimental measurements (both on GaAs and InP), we point out the origin of the present level of bend insertion losses and discuss the merits of the many roads open for improved design.
A SIMPLE METHOD OF FUSION OF THE SUBTALAR JOINT IN CHILDREN (1968)

1. A simple method of subtalar fusion, suitable for use in children, is described. 2. Although it is intended to provide stability for some years until a complete subtalar fusion can be carried out, further operation may not be necessary. 3. Its use is not advocated over the age of eleven or twelve.
Determination of nitrite in drinking water and environmental samples by ion exclusion chromatography with electrochemical detection (1989)

An extremely sensitive determination of nitrite in drinking water (tap water and underground water) and environmental samples (rain, lake water, and soil) was achieved by ion exclusion chromatography (IEC) with electrochemical (EC) detection. Potential interferences in the determination of nitrite by the standard spectrophotometric method or by the ion exchange chromatographic method with either conductivity detection or UV detection were eliminated. The detection limit was 0.1 ppb without preconcentration. No nitrite was observed from tap water or underground drinking water. The recoveries of nitrite added to tap water at 0.02, 0.1, and 1 ppm levels were between 96 and 104.5%. The average coefficient of variation was 4.7%. The recovery results were in good agreement with those obtained by the standard spectrophotometric method. Nitrite concentrations between 0.068 and 0.19 ppm were observed in rain within a week period. A greater variation, between 0.015 and 0.26 ppm, was observed in lake water. Amounts of 19.1 ppm and 0.50 ppm nitrite were observed from fertilized and unfertilized soil, respectively.
Interactions of Viruses and Microparticles with Apical Plasma Membranes of M Cells: Implications for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission (1999)

In the rectal mucosa, specialized M cells of the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelium conduct vesicular transport of antigens from the mucosal surface into organized mucosal lymphoid tissues, where immune responses are induced. Bacteria and viruses may exploit this mechanism to initiate mucosal or systemic infection. Viral pathogens, including reovirus, poliovirus, and possibly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), can enter the intestinal or rectal mucosa by adhering to apical membranes of M cells, but the membrane components involved in these interactions are unknown. Glycoprotein coats on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells act as diffusion barriers that limit access of particles and microorganisms to membrane glycolipids and to certain oligosaccharide epitopes of enterocytes but allow selective adherence to M cells. The accessibility of membrane glycolipids of M cells, along with their active endocytic activity, could promote entry of HIV into the rectal mucosa.
Fog-Assisted Aggregated Synchronization Scheme for Mobile Cloud Storage Applications (2019)

Cloud storage applications, such as Dropbox and Google Drive, have recently become very popular among mobile users. In these applications, a cloud server is responsible for synchronizing updates to files among mobile users, and thus if files are shared by many mobile users and are frequently updated then the resulting synchronization traffic can be significant. In order to reduce the synchronization traffic with providing acceptable access latency, we propose a fog-assisted aggregated synchronization (FAS) scheme in which the fog computing server and the cloud server conduct localized and aggregated synchronizations, respectively. We develop an analytical model of the FAS scheme based on renewal-reward theory and use it for model-based adjustment of the timer that controls the trade-off between access latency and synchronization traffic. We use analytical and simulation results to give insight into the effects of the timer, the update-to-access ratio, the number of mobile users, and the sensitivity to the arrival process. The analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the FAS scheme can reduce the synchronization traffic significantly with acceptable access latency compared to conventional schemes.
A Multiblock Copolymer Compatibilizer for PVC/Polyolefin Blends (2000)

Multiblock polyethylene-chlorinated polyethylene (PE-b-CPE) copolymers were prepared by partial chlorination of various polyethylenes. The resulting copolymers have partial miscibility with polyolefins, PVC, and chlorinated PVC (CPVC). These copolymers can be used as compatibilizers for blends of PVC with polyolefin elastomers (POE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and butadiene copolymers (ABS/MBS). The efficiency of PE-b-CPE in compatibilizing several olefin-based polymers and copolymers with PVC were studied. A polyolefin elastomer impact-modifier system for rigid PVC compounds was developed using PE-b-CPE as compatibilizer. The properties of the impact modifier blend and the advantages over conventional modifiers are shown. Improvement of interfacial adhesion between ABS/MBS modifiers with PVC and the effect of PE-b-CPE addition on the impact properties of PVC compounds are discussed.
An Evaluation Of Different Designs Of Providing Powered Propulsion For Attendant Propelled Wheelchairs (2005)

Most people who operate attendant propelled manual wheelchairs have insufficient strength to push their chairs up inclines and over soft ground. They would benefit from some form of motorised power assistance for their chairs. Three types of drive system to provide power assistance were designed and evaluated. Each used a different type of handle control interface to convert forces applied by the pusher i nto speed and directional control o f the wheelchair. User trials on a test track simulating outdoor conditions revealed that subjects favoured a two-motor drive system, with force sensing handles. With such a system users can successfully negotiate most outdoor conditions, without overexertion.
Characterization of human papillomavirus type 11‐specific immune responses in a preclinical model (2009)

We developed a novel DNA vaccine that targets the E6 gene of HPV-11. Characterization of the immunologic responses elicited by this DNA vaccine reveals that the E6(aa44-51) peptide contains the most immunogenic region for the HPV-11 viral type. Knowledge of this specific T cell epitope and generation of a RRP preclinical model will allow for the development and evaluation of novel vaccine strategies targeting the RRP patient population.
Automatic Language Identification in Texts: A Survey (2019)

Language identification (“LI”) is the problem of determining the natural language that a document or part thereof is written in. Automatic LI has been extensively researched for over fifty years. Today, LI is a key part of many text processing pipelines, as text processing techniques generally assume that the language of the input text is known. Research in this area has recently been especially active. This article provides a brief history of LI research, and an extensive survey of the features and methods used in the LI literature. We describe the features and methods using a unified notation, to make the relationships between methods clearer. We discuss evaluation methods, applications of LI, as well as off-the-shelfLI systems that do not require training by the end user. Finally, we identify open issues, survey the work to date on each issue, and propose future directions for research in LI.
Syntheses relevant to vitamin B<sub>12</sub>biosynthesis: the malate route to (–)-ring-B imide and synthesis of the 2,7,20-trimethylisobacteriochlorin (1989)

An efficient enantioselective synthesis of (–)-ring-B imide (19) from R-malic acid is outlined and this product is used for synthesis, by a photochemical route, of the 2,7,20-trimethylisobacteriochlorin (3), of importance for biosynthetic research on vitamin B12.
Hereditary Angioedema (2001)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease that afflicts 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 150,000 persons; HAE has been reported in all races, and no sex predominance has been found. It manifests as recurrent attacks of intense, massive, localized edema without concomitant pruritus, often resulting from one of several known triggers. However, attacks can occur in the absence of any identifiable initiating event. Historically, 2 types of HAE have been described. However, a variant, possibly X-linked, inherited angioedema has recently been described, and tentatively it has been named "type 3" HAE. Signs and symptoms are identical in all types of HAE. Skin and visceral organs may be involved by the typically massive local edema. The most commonly involved viscera are the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Involvement of the upper airways can result in severe life-threatening symptoms, including the risk of asphyxiation, unless appropriate interventions are taken. Quantitative and functional analyses of C1 esterase inhibitor and complement components C4 and C1q should be performed when HAE is suspected. Acute exacerbations of the disease should be treated with intravenous purified C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate, where available. Intravenous administration of fresh frozen plasma is also useful in acute HAE; however, it occasionally exacerbates symptoms. Corticosteroids, antihistamines, and epinephrine can be useful adjuncts but typically are not efficacious in aborting acute attacks. Prophylactic management involves long-term use of attenuated androgens or antifibrinolytic agents. Clinicians should keep this disorder in their differential diagnosis of unexplained, episodic cutaneous angioedema or abdominal pain.
Mechanism of Phase Formation in Pb(Zr <sub>x</sub> Ti <sub>1–x</sub> )O <sub>3</sub> Synthesized by a Partial Oxalate Method (1996)

The phase formation mechanism, as well as the morpho‐tropic phase boundary, of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) processed by a partial oxalate method was investigated by simultaneous thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) and by qualitative and quantitative X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the Zr x Ti 1–x O 2 (ZT) phase reacts with PbO forming the PZT phase without intermediate phases. XRD analysis showed the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases for 0.47 ≤ x ≤ 0.55 with the phase boundary composition for x = 0.51. For low calcination temperatures, preferential formation of the PZT rhombohedral phase was observed. A model for phase formation of PZT by the partial oxalate method is proposed based on the existence of two interfaces of reaction (PbO‐PZT and PZT‐ZT) and diffusion of cations.
Mechanisms of 1,1-reductive elimination from palladium (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanisms of 1,1-reductive elimination from palladiumArlene Gillie and J. K. StilleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 15, 4933–4941Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00535a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2991Altmetric-Citations267LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (953 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Vaccines Contain Harmful Preservatives, Adjuvants, Additives, or Residuals? (2003)

Vaccines often contain preservatives, adjuvants, additives, or manufacturing residuals in addition to pathogen-specific immunogens. Some parents, alerted by stories in the news media or information contained on the World Wide Web, are concerned that some of the substances contained in vaccines might harm their children. We reviewed data on thimerosal, aluminum, gelatin, human serum albumin, formaldehyde, antibiotics, egg proteins, and yeast proteins. Both gelatin and egg proteins are contained in vaccines in quantities sufficient to induce rare instances of severe, immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. However, quantities of mercury, aluminum, formaldehyde, human serum albumin, antibiotics, and yeast proteins in vaccines have not been found to be harmful in humans or experimental animals.
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (1993)

Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children Camperdown, NSW, Australia (DI) Pamela Palasanthiran, M.B., F.R.A.C.P. Prince of Wales Children's Hospital Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (PP)
Rosanilins: indicator dyes for chloramphenicol-resistant enterobacteria containing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (1982)

Rosanilin dyes such as crystal violet and basic fuchsin have been used as indicator dyes in solid growth medium for chloramphenicol-resistant enterobacterial colonies containing the enterobacterial resistance enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). On certain media containing rosanilins, cells containing CAT formed darker colonies than cells not containing CAT. Contrast was affected by the types and concentrations of complex nutrients, sugars salts, and rosanilin dyes present. When crystal violet was used as the indicator dye, contrast could not be obtained for strains whose growth was partially inhibited by crystal violet. Contrast could not be obtained between yeast colonies with and without the enterobacterial resistance enzyme, between Bacillus subtilis colonies with and without the staphylococcal resistance enzyme, or between enterobacterial colonies with and without the staphylococcal resistance enzyme. The darker coloration of enterobacterial colonies with the enterobacterial enzyme was due to the binding of dye to enzyme. Rosanilin dues have been used to score resistance phenotypes by colony color, to detect chloramphenicol-sensitive sectors in chloramphenicol-resistant colonies, and to screen for occasional chloramphenicol-sensitive cells in a resistant population during cloning by insertional inactivation of the chloramphenicol resistance gene.
Traveling Wave Excitation System for Bladed Disks (2003)

Atraveling waveexcitation system is described that wasdeveloped fortheU.S. AirForceResearch Laboratory’ s Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility. The traveling wave system was designed to simulate engine order excitation in stationary bladed disks for the purpose of identifying forced response localization and amplie cation due to mistuning.Thesystemcantestbladed disksofvarying sizesand numberofbladesusing eitheracousticormagnetic excitation. A phase-shifting circuit reduces signal generation costs over purchasing separate function generators and allows amplitude and phase calibration of the exciters. Sources of errors in the traveling wave excitation are discussed and estimated. A e nite element analysis shows that the forced response of a bladed disk is more sensitive to structural mistuning than to traveling wave excitation errors. The traveling wave excitation system is demonstrated on an 18-bladed disk, and experimental forced response results are presented. Nomenclature A = force amplitude a = speed of sound C = engine order e = distance error F = force vector Fav = average exciter force magnitude spectrum f = excitation frequency, Hz h = frequency response i = blade number L = wavelength of sound N = number of blades t = time x = forced response 1A = amplitude error 1µ = phase error µ = interblade phase angle µe = phase error ! = excitation frequency
CnP: Towards an environment for the proactive management of copy-and-paste programming (2009)

Programmers copy and paste code for many reasons. Regardless of the specific reasons, similar code fragments (clones) are introduced into software systems. Like other software artifacts, clones may require attention and effort from programmers so that they can be understood, and correctly adapted and evolved. More specifically, when understanding and maintaining clones, programmers need to know where the clones are. Programmers also need to compare and contrast code clones in order to figure out how they correspond and differ. Finally, they also need to edit or remove clones. In addition to what clone detection-based tools can offer, more automated support is needed to better assist programmers in these activities. In this paper, we introduce a toolkit CnP that is aimed to support and manage clones proactively as they are created and evolved. We describe the initial features and the design decisions taken in CnP. We also discuss possible future design extension.
Assessment of Data and Knowledge Fusion Strategies for Diagnostics and Prognostics (2001)

Various data, feature and knowledge fusion strategies and architectures have been developed over the last several years for improving upon the accuracy, robustness and overall effectiveness of anomaly, diagnostic and prognostic technologies. Fusion of relevant sensor data, maintenance database information, and outputs from various diagnostic and prognostic technologies has proven effective in reducing false alarm rates, increasing confidence levels in early fault detection, and predicting time to failure or degraded condition requiring maintenance action. The data fusion strategies discussed in this paper are principally probabilistic in nature and are used to aid in directly identifying confidence bounds associated with specific component fault identifications and predictions. Dempster-Shafer fusion, Bayesian inference, fuzzy-logic inference, neural network fusion and simple weighting/voting are the algorithmic approaches that are discussed in this paper. Data fusion architectures such as centralized fusion, autonomous fusion, and hybrid fusion are described in terms of their applicability to fault diagnosis and prognosis. The final goal is to find the optimal combination of measured system data, data fusion algorithms, and associated architectures for obtaining the highest overall prediction/detection confidence levels associated with a specific application Evaluation of the fusion and diagnostic strategies was performed using gearbox seeded- fault and accelerated failure data taken with the MDTB (Mechanical Diagnostic Test Bed) at the ARL Lab at Penn State University.