gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the sulonylurea receptor gene are associated with familial hyperinsulinism in Ashkenazi Jews (1996)

Familial hyperinsulinism (HI) is a disorder of pancreatic beta-cell function characterized by persistent hyperinsulinism despite severe hypoglycemia. To define the molecular genetic basis of HI in Ashkenazi Jews, 25 probands were screened for mutations in the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of genomic DNA and subsequent nucleotide sequence analyses. Two common mutations were identified: (I) a novel in-frame deletion of three nucleotides (nt) in exon 34, resulting in deletion of the codon for F1388 (delta F1388) and (II) a previously described g-->a transition at position-9 of the 3' splice site of intron 32 (designated 3992-9g-->a). Together, these mutations are associated with 88% of the HI chromosomes of the patients studied. 86Rb+ efflux measurements of COSm6 cells co-expressing Kir6.2 and either wild-type or delta F1388 SUR1 revealed that the F1388 mutation abolished ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) activity in intact cells. Extended haplotype analyses indicated that the delta F1388 mutation was associated with a single specific haplotype whereas the 3992-9g-->a mutation was primarily associated with a single haplotype but also occurred in the context of several other different haplotypes. These data suggest that HI in Ashkenazi Jews is predominantly associated with mutations in the SUR1 gene and provide evidence for the existence of at least two founder HI chromosomes in this population.
Structural and spectroscopic properties of rare-earth (Nd3+, Er3+, and Yb3+) doped transparent lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics (2004)

This work presents the structural and spectroscopic characterization of transparent lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics doped with Nd3+, Er3+, or Yb3+ ions. High optical quality samples presenting the perovskite structure were prepared through a mixed oxides method followed by conventional sintering or uniaxial hot pressing. Absorption and luminescence spectra were measured, and radiative emission parameters were calculated for Nd3+- and Er3+-doped samples. The results indicate the potential of these polycrystalline host–ion combinations for the construction of diode-pumped lasers in the near-infrared region.
Are Individual Differences in Reading Speed Related to Extrafoveal Visual Acuity and Crowding? (2015)

Readers differ considerably in their speed of self-paced reading. One factor known to influence fixation durations in reading is the preprocessing of words in parafoveal vision. Here we investigated whether individual differences in reading speed or the amount of information extracted from upcoming words (the preview benefit) can be explained by basic differences in extrafoveal vision--i.e., the ability to recognize peripheral letters with or without the presence of flanking letters. Forty participants were given an adaptive test to determine their eccentricity thresholds for the identification of letters presented either in isolation (extrafoveal acuity) or flanked by other letters (crowded letter recognition). In a separate eye-tracking experiment, the same participants read lists of words from left to right, while the preview of the upcoming words was manipulated with the gaze-contingent moving window technique. Relationships between dependent measures were analyzed on the observational level and with linear mixed models. We obtained highly reliable estimates both for extrafoveal letter identification (acuity and crowding) and measures of reading speed (overall reading speed, size of preview benefit). Reading speed was higher in participants with larger uncrowded windows. However, the strength of this relationship was moderate and it was only observed if other sources of variance in reading speed (e.g., the occurrence of regressive saccades) were eliminated. Moreover, the size of the preview benefit--an important factor in normal reading--was larger in participants with better extrafoveal acuity. Together, these results indicate a significant albeit moderate contribution of extrafoveal vision to individual differences in reading speed.
Non-Parametric Estimation. I. Validation of Order Statistics (1945)

Previous work on non-parametric estimation has concerned three problems: (i) confidence intervals for an unknown quantile, (ii) population tolerance limits, (iii) confidence bands of an unknown cumulative distribution function $(cdf)$. For problem (iii) a solution has been available which is valid for any $cdf$ whatever, but for (i) and (ii) it has heretofore assumed that the population has continuous probability density. This paper validates the existing solutions of (i) and (ii) assuming only a continuous $cdf$. It then modifies these solutions so that they are valid for any $cdf$ whatever.
Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice (1997)

The production and role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in pneumococcal pneumonia were investigated in a mouse pneumonia model. When approximately 10(6) CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae TUM19 were used to inoculate CBA/J mice intranasally, TNF-alpha levels in the lungs and serum began to increase from 1 and 3 days after infection, respectively, concomitantly with the increase in bacterial counts in the lungs. Anti-TNF-alpha antibody accelerated bacterial proliferation in the blood and the death of the mice. Although serum levels of immunoglobulin G antibody against the infecting bacteria were not affected by the anti-TNF-alpha antibody treatment, neutrophil counts in the blood were decreased by the treatment. These results suggest that TNF-alpha produced in the course of pneumococcal pneumonia prevents bacteremia by increasing the number of neutrophils in the blood.
Myc-dependent purine biosynthesis affects nucleolar stress and therapy response in prostate cancer (2015)

The androgen receptor is a key transcription factor contributing to the development of all stages of prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, other transcription factors have been associated with poor prognosis in PCa, amongst which c-Myc (MYC) is a well-established oncogene in many other cancers. We have previously reported that the AR promotes glycolysis and anabolic metabolism; many of these metabolic pathways are also MYC-regulated in other cancers. In this study, we report that in PCa cells de novo purine biosynthesis and the subsequent conversion to XMP is tightly regulated by MYC and independent of AR activity. We characterized two enzymes, PAICS and IMPDH2, within the pathway as PCa biomarkers in tissue samples and report increased efficacy of established anti-androgens in combination with a clinically approved IMPDH inhibitor, mycophenolic acid (MPA). Treatment with MPA led to a significant reduction in cellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) levels accompanied by nucleolar stress and p53 stabilization. In conclusion, targeting purine biosynthesis provides an opportunity to perturb PCa metabolism and enhance tumour suppressive stress responses.
Revenue erosion through exemption and evasion in poor countries (1995)

The administration of tax statutes materially determines their economic effects. A survey of Cameroonian businesses, a country seemingly typical of its economic level, demonstrates widespread erosion of the tax bases paid by businesses through exemptions and evasion. Businesses seem willing to provide information on these potentially confidential activities. The survey provides information on the number of businesses evading taxes or having exemptions, on the characteristics of these businesses relative to others, on whether businesses maintain information of use to the tax administration, on the contacts bewteen the administration and businesses affecting evasion, and on penalties imposed by the administration.
Frequency-domain techniques for the cyclostationary signals encountered in fractionally-spaced equalizers (1992)

Frequency-domain filtering is effective both for realizing asymptotically orthogonalized designs which can rapidly acquire a signal with a large eigenvalue spread and for realizing efficient block implementations. However, most previous work in this area has assumed a stationary input signal. The authors further define the extensions necessary to accommodate the cyclostationary signal seen by a fractionally spaced equalizer. When the cyclostationary nature of the signal is exploited, the asymptotically exact Wiener solution can be realized by two equivalent architectures. The first architecture results from demultiplexing the input data into parallel, decimated, stationary signals which are individually transformed. Postprocessing then coherently combines corresponding frequency bins. The second, equivalent, architecture results from direct transformation of the input cyclostationary signal. Postprocessing coherently combines frequency bins, which exhibit spectral correlation. Special periodic noise spectra are identified which expedite collapsing to half the number of spectral bins.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nomograms for Predicting Graft Function and Survival in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation Based on the UNOS Registry (2009)

Nomograms based on data from the United Network for Organ Sharing registry have been validated to predict the 1-year estimated glomerular filtration rate and 5-year graft survival. These nomograms may facilitate individualized patient care in living donor kidney transplantation.
The Scale-Free Dynamics of Eukaryotic Cells (2008)

Temporal organization of biological processes requires massively parallel processing on a synchronized time-base. We analyzed time-series data obtained from the bioenergetic oscillatory outputs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and isolated cardiomyocytes utilizing Relative Dispersional (RDA) and Power Spectral (PSA) analyses. These analyses revealed broad frequency distributions and evidence for long-term memory in the observed dynamics. Moreover RDA and PSA showed that the bioenergetic dynamics in both systems show fractal scaling over at least 3 orders of magnitude, and that this scaling obeys an inverse power law. Therefore we conclude that in S. cerevisiae and cardiomyocytes the dynamics are scale-free in vivo. Applying RDA and PSA to data generated from an in silico model of mitochondrial function indicated that in yeast and cardiomyocytes the underlying mechanisms regulating the scale-free behavior are similar. We validated this finding in vivo using single cells, and attenuating the activity of the mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel with 4-chlorodiazepam to show that the oscillation of NAD(P)H and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be abated in these two evolutionarily distant species. Taken together these data strongly support our hypothesis that the generation of ROS, coupled to redox cycling, driven by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial processes, are at the core of the observed rhythmicity and scale-free dynamics. We argue that the operation of scale-free bioenergetic dynamics plays a fundamental role to integrate cellular function, while providing a framework for robust, yet flexible, responses to the environment.
Relationships between Neuropsychological Test Performance and Event‐Related Potentials in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Samples (1990)

Are event-related potentials and nonconcurrently measured neuropsychological test performance correlated? Sober male and female middle-aged alcoholics and peer controls were administered an "oddball" event-related potential (ERP) task and several hours later, a battery of neuropsychological (NP) tests. Alcoholics performed significantly poorer than controls on NP tests. Male alcoholics had significantly altered ERP responses (N1, NdA, and P3 amplitudes) but female alcoholics did not differ on any ERP variables from controls. A number of significant correlations between ERP and NP measures were present. The most consistent findings were positive correlations between perceptual-motor (PM) tests and the P3 amplitude at Pz in both male and female alcoholics and in male alcoholics, a negative correlation between PM tests and P3 latency at Pz, findings similar to those seen in Parkinson patients. Significant correlations were most numerous in family history positive alcoholics. The results lead to two conclusions: first, Grant's postulation that sober alcoholics may manifest an intermediate duration organic mental disorder is supported; second, given the lack of ERP differences in the females, ERP measures should not be considered as being causally related to NP performance.
C-Glycoside syntheses. 1. Glycosyl cyanides and isocyanides from glycosyl fluorides with full acetal protection (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC-Glycoside syntheses. 1. Glycosyl cyanides and isocyanides from glycosyl fluorides with full acetal protectionKenneth N. Drew and Paul H. GrossCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 2, 509–513Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00002a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00002a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views660Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engineering <i>Escherichia coli</i> for renewable production of the 5‐carbon polyamide building‐blocks 5‐aminovalerate and glutarate (2013)

Through metabolic pathway engineering, novel microbial biocatalysts can be engineered to convert renewable resources into useful chemicals, including monomer building-blocks for bioplastics production. Here we describe the systematic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce, as individual products, two 5-carbon polyamide building blocks, namely 5-aminovalerate (AMV) and glutarate. The modular pathways were derived using "parts" from the natural lysine degradation pathway of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Endogenous over-production of the required precursor, lysine, was first achieved through metabolic deregulation of its biosynthesis pathway by introducing feedback resistant mutants of aspartate kinase III and dihydrodipicolinate synthase. Further disruption of native lysine decarboxylase activity (by deleting cadA and ldcC) limited cadaverine by-product formation, enabling lysine production to 2.25 g/L at a glucose yield of 138 mmol/mol (18% of theoretical). Co-expression of lysine monooxygenase and 5-aminovaleramide amidohydrolase (encoded by davBA) then resulted in the production of 0.86 g/L AMV in 48 h. Finally, the additional co-expression of glutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase and 5-aminovalerate aminotransferase (encoded by davDT) led to the production of 0.82 g/L glutarate under the same conditions. At this output, yields on glucose were 71 and 68 mmol/mol for AMV and glutarate (9.5 and 9.1% of theoretical), respectively. These findings further expand the number and diversity of polyamide monomers that can be derived directly from renewable resources.
Sound Shredding (2015)

Sound provides valuable information about a mobile user's activity and environment. With the increasing large market penetration of smart phones, recording sound from mobile phones' microphones and processing the sound information either on mobile devices or in the cloud opens a window to a large variety of mobile applications that are context-aware and behavior-aware. On the other hand, sound sensing has the potential risk of compromising users' privacy. Security attacks by malicious software running on smart phones can obtain in-band and out-of-band sound information to infer the content of users' conversation. In this paper, we propose two simple yet highly effective methods called {\em sound shredding} and {\em sound subsampling}. Sound shredding mutates the raw sound frames randomly just like paper shredding and sound subsampling randomly drops sound frames without storing them. The resulting mutated sound recording makes it difficult to recover the text content of the original sound recording, yet we show that some acoustic features are preserved which retains the accuracy of context recognition.
Interleukin‐1β, Interleukin‐18, and the Interleukin‐1β Converting Enzyme<sup>a</sup> (1998)

When injected intravenously into humans and animals, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is perhaps the most potent of the endogenous pyrogens. However, IL-1 beta is initially synthesized as a relatively inactive precursor molecule (proIL-1 beta) which lacks a signal peptide and hence remains inside the cell. To be active as a fever-producing molecule, proIL-1 beta must first be processed to an active mature molecule and secreted. Although several enzymes associated with inflammatory tissues are capable of processing proIL-1 beta into an active molecule in the extracellular compartment, the IL-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE, also called caspase-1) cuts intracellular proIL-1 beta after the aspartic acid residue in position 116, resulting in a highly active mature IL-1 beta that is secreted into the extracellular space. IL-18 is also initially synthesized as an inactive precursor molecule (proIL-18) lacking a signal peptide. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family, and like IL-1 beta, proIL-18 is cleaved by ICE to yield an active molecule. However, unlike IL-1 beta, IL-18 is not an endogenous pyrogen following intraperitoneal injection into mice. Nevertheless, IL-18 may contribute to inflammation and fever because IL-18 is a potent inducer of tumor necrosis factor, chemokines, and interferon-gamma production.
Clinical evaluation of diluted formocresol pulpotomies in primary teeth of school children. (1981)

The present investigation was undertaken to clinically and radiograplu’caily observe human p~mary teeth after pulpotomy using one-fifth dilution of formocresol. Seventyseven teeth of 59 ctuTdren, average age seven years, were treated. Seventy teeth were available for follow-up over a peHod varying from 4 to 36 months. The degree of root resorption was evaiuated comparing pairs of treated and homologous non-pulpotomized teeth. Only four teeth had to be extracted, two of them due to furcation radiolucency, one due to a pe~iapical lesion, and one due to internai resorption. Forty-one pairs were available for root resorption analysis: 19 had a similar resorption rate, 16 treated teeth resorbed faster, and 6 resorbed slower than their controls.
Intelligent intra-field interpolation for motion compensated deinterlacing (2005)

This paper proposes a novel intelligent intra-field interpolation for motion compensated deinterlacing. This method combines the advantage of cubic curve fitting interpolation and fuzzy edge interpolation to overcome resolution degradation caused by incorrect motion vector. The intelligent intra-field interpolation scheme alleviates resolution degradation in areas where object motion cannot be well tracked by motion estimation and produces deinterlaced pictures with better visual quality, less flicker, and imperceptible artifacts. Experimental results show that the developed method can indeed generate high quality intra-interpolation picture for motion areas.
Double-blind comparison of fluoxetine and nortriptyline in the treatment of moderate to severe major depression (2003)

The results of the current study suggest that nortriptyline was more effective than fluoxetine in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. A larger study is warranted.
[Various aspects of the problem of closed craniocerebral injuries]. (1986)

The author compares the data on closed craniocerebral traumas sustained during the Great Patriotic War with current concepts of this trauma. The author emphasizes the significance of multiple combined craniocerebral and general trauma, the importance of the early diagnosis of complications, especially in cases of the so-called mild trauma. The diagnostic role of immunological research methods is discussed.
ODEs model of foreign body reaction around peripheral nerve implanted electrode (2010)

The foreign body reaction that the neural tissue develops around an implanted electrode contributes to insulate the probe and enhances the electrical and mechanical mismatch. It is a complex interaction among cells and soluble mediators and the knowledge of this phenomenon can benefits of formal and analytical methods that characterize the mathematical models. This work offers a lumped component model, described by ordinary differential equations, that taking into account the main geometrical (size, shape, insertion angle) and chemical (coating surface) properties of the implant predict the thickness of the fibrotic capsule in a time frame when the reaction stabilizes. This tool allows to evaluate different hypothetical solutions for accounting the tissue-electrode mismatch.
Follicular and Marginal Zone B Cells Fail to Cross-Present MHC Class I-Restricted Epitopes Derived from Viral Particles (2009)

Viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) are known to be potent inducers of B cell as well as Th cell and CTL responses. It is well established that professional APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages efficiently process viral particles for both MHC class I- and MHC class II-associated presentation, which is essential for induction of CTL and Th cell responses, respectively. Less is known, however, about the ability of B cells to present epitopes derived from viral particles to T cells. Using two different VLPs, in this study we show in vitro as well as in vivo that DCs present VLP-derived peptides in association with MHC class I as well as class II. In contrast, although B cells were able to capture VLPs similarly as DCs and although they efficiently processed VLPs for presentation in association with MHC class II, they failed to process exogenous VLPs for presentation in association with MHC class I. Thus, in contrast to DCs, B cells are not involved in the process of cross-priming. This finding is of physiological importance because B cells with the ability to cross-present Ag to specific CD8(+) T cells may be killed by these cells, preventing the generation of neutralizing Ab responses.