gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Coding-Based Ensemble Learning to Improve Software Defect Prediction (2012)

Using classification methods to predict software defect proneness with static code attributes has attracted a great deal of attention. The class-imbalance characteristic of software defect data makes the prediction much difficult; thus, a number of methods have been employed to address this problem. However, these conventional methods, such as sampling, cost-sensitive learning, Bagging, and Boosting, could suffer from the loss of important information, unexpected mistakes, and overfitting because they alter the original data distribution. This paper presents a novel method that first converts the imbalanced binary-class data into balanced multiclass data and then builds a defect predictor on the multiclass data with a specific coding scheme. A thorough experiment with four different types of classification algorithms, three data coding schemes, and six conventional imbalance data-handling methods was conducted over the 14 NASA datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method with a one-against-one coding scheme is averagely superior to the conventional methods.
T<scp>HE</scp>A<scp>SCENDANCY OF</scp><i>A<scp>MBLYOMMA AMERICANUM</scp></i><scp>AS A</scp>V<scp>ECTOR OF</scp>P<scp>ATHOGENS</scp>A<scp>FFECTING</scp>H<scp>UMANS IN</scp>T<scp>HE</scp>U<scp>NITED</scp>S<scp>TATES</scp> (2002)

Until the 1990s, Amblyomma americanum was regarded primarily as a nuisance species, but a tick of minor importance as a vector of zoonotic pathogens affecting humans. With the recent discoveries of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and "Borrelia lonestari," the public health relevance of lone star ticks is no longer in question. During the next 25 years, the number of cases of human disease caused by A. americanum-associated pathogens will probably increase. Based on current trajectories and historic precedents, the increase will be primarily driven by biological and environmental factors that alter the geographic distribution and intensity of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Sociologic and demographic changes that influence the likelihood of highly susceptible humans coming into contact with infected lone star ticks, in addition to advances in diagnostic capabilities and national surveillance efforts, will also contribute to the anticipated increase in the number of recognized cases of disease.
Restructurable VLSI Program (1982)

Abstract : The main objective of the Lincoln Restructurable Very Large Scale Integration (RVLSI) Program is to develop methodologies for designing whole- wafer-scale systems with complexities approaching a million gates. In our approach, we envisage a modular style of architecture comprising an array of cells embedded in a regular interconnection matrix. Ideally, the cells should consist of only a few basic types. The interconnect matrix is a fixed pattern of metal lines augmented by a complement of programmable switches or links. Conceptually, the links could be either volatile or nonvolatile. They could be of an electronic nature such as a transistor switch, or could be permanently programmed through some mechanism such as a laser. The present main thrust of the current RVLSI Program is toward laser-formed interconnect. The link concept offers the potential for a highly flexible, restructurable type of interconnect technology which could be exploited in a variety of ways. For example, logical cells or subsystems found to be faulty at wafer probe time could be permanently excised from the rest of the wafer. The flexible interconnect could also be used to 'jump around' faulty logic and tie in redundant cells judiciously scattered around the wafer for this purpose. Also, the interconnect could be tailored to a specific application in order to minimize electrical degradations and performance penalties caused by unused wiring.
Dose-Response Effect of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid on Fatty Acid Profiles of Serum and Tissue Lipids in Rats (1998)

The dose-response effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) on the fatty acid profiles of total lipids of rat serum and tissues were investigated. Rats were fed diets containing graded levels of purified DHA at 0, 1.0, 3.4, and 8.7% of total energy in the diets for 2 weeks. It was found that each tissue had its own peculiar composition of fatty acids which differed markedly from that of circulating serum lipid. This composition was basically influenced dose-dependently by the dietary lipids with graded levels of DHA, but to different degrees in different tissues. Those of brain were most resistant and of heart most susceptible to dietary DHA.
Virtualization Technology for TCP/IP Offload Engine (2014)

Network I/O virtualization plays an important role in cloud computing. This paper addresses the system-wide virtualization issues of TCP/IP Offload Engine (TOE) and presents the architectural designs. We identify three critical factors that affect the performance of a TOE: I/O virtualization architectures, quality of service (QoS), and virtual machine monitor (VMM) scheduler. In our device emulation based TOE, the VMM manages the socket connections in the TOE directly and thus can eliminate packet copy and demultiplexing overheads as appeared in the virtualization of a layer 2 network card. To further reduce hypervisor intervention, the direct I/O access architecture provides the per VM-based physical control interface that helps removing most of the VMM interventions. The direct I/O access architecture out-performs the device emulation architecture as large as 30 percent, or achieves 80 percent of the native 10 Gbit/s TOE system. To continue serving the TOE commands for a VM, no matter the VM is idle or switched out by the VMM, we decouple the TOE I/O command dispatcher from the VMM scheduler. We found that a VMM scheduler with preemptive I/O scheduling and a programmable I/O command dispatcher with deficit weighted round robin (DWRR) policy are able to ensure service fairness and at the same time maximize the TOE utilization.
Recovery and Visualization of 3D Structure of Chromosomes from Tomographic Reconstruction Images (2006)

The objectives of this work include automatic recovery and visualization of a 3D chromosome structure from a sequence of 2D tomographic reconstruction images taken through the nucleus of a cell. Structure is very important for biologists as it affects chromosome functions, behavior of the cell, and its state. Analysis of chromosome structure is significant in the detection of diseases, identification of chromosomal abnormalities, study of DNA structural conformation, in-depth study of chromosomal surface morphology, observation of in vivo behavior of the chromosomes over time, and in monitoring environmental gene mutations. The methodology incorporates thresholding based on a histogram analysis with a polyline splitting algorithm, contour extraction via active contours, and detection of the 3D chromosome structure by establishing corresponding regions throughout the slices. Visualization using point cloud meshing generates a 3D surface. The 3D triangular mesh of the chromosomes provides surface detail and allows a user to interactively analyze chromosomes using visualization software.
Total Syntheses of (±)-Preussomerins G and I (1999)

[formula: see text] Preussomerins G and I (2 and 3) have been synthesized for the first time. The key reaction in the synthesis is a possibly biomimetic tautomerization reaction depicted in Scheme 3 and the foregoing graphic. The driving force for this interesting rearrangement is primarily derived from the increase in resonance energy associated with converting a naphthalene ring into two isolated benzene rings.
Optimal randomization for privacy preserving data mining (2004)

Randomization is an economical and efficient approach for privacy preserving data mining (PPDM). In order to guarantee the performance of data mining and the protection of individual privacy, optimal randomization schemes need to be employed. This paper demonstrates the construction of optimal randomization schemes for privacy preserving density estimation. We propose a general framework for randomization using mixture models. The impact of randomization on data mining is quantified by performance degradation and mutual information loss, while privacy and privacy loss are quantified by interval-based metrics. Two different types of problems are defined to identify optimal randomization for PPDM. Illustrative examples and simulation results are reported.
SOX9 Elevation in the Prostate Promotes Proliferation and Cooperates with <i>PTEN</i> Loss to Drive Tumor Formation (2010)

Dysregulation of tissue development pathways can contribute to cancer initiation and progression. In murine embryonic prostate epithelia, the transcription factor SOX9 is required for proper prostate development. In this study, we examined a role for SOX9 in prostate cancer in mouse and human. In Pten and Nkx3.1 mutant mice, cells with increased levels of SOX9 appeared within prostate epithelia at early stages of neoplasia, and higher expression correlated with progression at all stages of disease. In transgenic mice, SOX9 overexpression in prostate epithelia increased cell proliferation without inducing hyperplasia. In transgenic mice that were also heterozygous for mutant Pten, SOX9 overexpression quickened the induction of high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. In contrast, Sox9 attenuation led to a decrease proliferating prostate epithelia cells in normal and homozygous Pten mutant mice with prostate neoplasia. Analysis of a cohort of 880 human prostate cancer samples showed that SOX9 expression was associated with increasing Gleason grades and higher Ki67 staining. Our findings identify SOX9 as part of a developmental pathway that is reactivated in prostate neoplasia where it promotes tumor cell proliferation.
Sex Determination by Sex Chromosomes in Dioecious Plants (2001)

Abstract: Sex chromosomes have been reported in several dioecious plants. The most general system of sex determination with sex chromosomes is the XY system, in which males are the heterogametic sex and females are homogametic. Genetic systems in sex determination are divided into two classes including an X chromosome counting system and an active Y chromosome system. Dioecious plants have unisexual flowers, which have stamens or pistils. The development of unisexual flowers is caused by the suppression of opposite sex primordia. The expression of floral organ identity genes is different between male and female flower primordia. However, these floral organ identity genes show no evidence of sex chromosome linkage. The Y chromosome of Rumex acetosa contains Y chromosome‐specific repetitive sequences, whereas the Y chromosome of Silene latifolia has not accumulated chromosome‐specific repetitive sequences. The different degree of Y chromosome degeneration may reflect on evolutionary time since the origination of dioecy. The Y chromosome of S. latifolia functions in suppression of female development and initiation and completion of anther development. Analyses of mutants suggested that female suppressor and stamen promoter genes are localized on the Y chromosome. Recently, some sex chromosome‐linked genes were isolated from flower buds of S. latifolia.
ChemInform Abstract: The Response to Vapor Challenges of New Microsensor Coatings: Thiadiazole Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract Among the 16 thiadiazole derivatives studied the best reversible chemiresistor response to (I) (or H 2 O) is found with (IV) (or (IIIa)).
Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Secretion by Protein Kinase Cα in Human Ntera 2 Neurons (NT2N) (2000)

Cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta-secretase generates beta-amyloid (Abeta), the major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Cleavage of APP by alpha-secretase prevents Abeta formation, producing nonamyloidogenic APP products. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to regulate APPs secretion, and PKCalpha and PKCepsilon have been implicated in APPs secretion in fibroblasts. This study examined the PKC isoform involved in regulated APPs secretion in human NT2N neurons and in CHO cells stably expressing APP(695). Inhibition of PMA-induced APPs secretion with the PKC inhibitors Calphostin C and GF109203X demonstrated that PKC is involved in PMA-regulated APPs secretion in NT2N cells. The specific PKC isoforms present in NT2N and CHO695 cells were identified, and PKCalpha and PKCepsilon were found to translocate from cytosol to membranes in NT2N and CHO695 cells. Translocation of PKC to the membrane allows for activation of the enzyme, as well as for positioning of the enzyme close to its substrate. Long-term PMA treatment led to complete downregulation of PKCalpha in NT2N cells and to downregulation of PKCalpha and PKCepsilon in CHO695 cells. PKCalpha downregulation in the NT2N cells resulted in loss of PMA-regulated APPs secretion and a substantial reduction in constitutive APPs secretion. Downregulation of PKCalpha and PKCepsilon in CHO695 cells resulted in loss of PMA-regulated APPs secretion; however, constitutive APPs secretion was unaffected. These findings suggest that PKCalpha is involved in PMA-regulated APPs secretion in NT2N cells and PKCalpha and/or PKCepsilon is involved in PMA-regulated APPs secretion in CHO695 cells.
Defect Diffusion in Single Crystal Aluminum Oxide (1969)

A defect diffusion coefficient was determined in single crystal aluminum oxide from 1400° to 1850°C by measuring the movement of the color boundary in a Ti 3+− doped single crystal heated in air. In this temperature range the experimental data can be represented by The interpretation developed is that this equation represents the diffusivity for a defect which contributes to aluminum self‐diffusion.
Network-Protocol-Based IoT Device Identification (2019)

To empower end-users in the management of their IoT devices and related services, a natural solution is to design and implement a digital assistant whose role is to facilitate use of IoT devices, e.g. by recommending available services for the given set of existing IoT devices. This digital assistant must be able to identify the core capabilities of the IoT devices that are connected to home networks. In turn, this requires to identify the nature of the IoT devices connected to these home networks (e.g., category of the device, but also manufacturer and exact model of the device). In this article, we address this issue of IoT device identification. We propose a solution based on several existing network protocols. The key idea of our solution is to analyze the packets sent by the device to extract relevant information for device identification purpose. We show that our solution is effective by uniquely identifying 31 devices among 33 of the tested devices: each of these devices is identified by a unique feature vector using the Bag Of Words representation.
Phase diagrams for surface alloys (1997)

We discuss surface alloy phases and their stability based on surface phase diagrams constructed from the surface energy as a function of the surface composition. We show that in the simplest cases of pseudomorphic overlayers there are four generic classes of systems, characterized by the sign of the heat of segregation from the bulk and the sign of the excess interactions between the atoms in the surface (the surface mixing energy). We also consider the more complicated cases with ordered surface phases, nonpseudomorphic overlayers, second layer segregation, and multilayers. The discussion is based on density-functional calculations using the coherent-potential approximation and on effective-medium theory. We give self-consistent density-functional results for the segregation energy and surface mixing energy for all combinations of the transition and noble metals. Finally we discuss in detail the cases Ag/Cu(100), Pt/Cu(111), Ag/Pt(111), Co/Cu(111), Fe/Cu(111), and Pd/Cu(110) in connection with available experimental results.
Multivariate Industrial Time Series with Cyber-Attack Simulation: Fault Detection Using an LSTM-based Predictive Data Model (2016)

We adopted an approach based on an LSTM neural network to monitor and detect faults in industrial multivariate time series data. To validate the approach we created a Modelica model of part of a real gasoil plant. By introducing hacks into the logic of the Modelica model, we were able to generate both the roots and causes of fault behavior in the plant. Having a self-consistent data set with labeled faults, we used an LSTM architecture with a forecasting error threshold to obtain precision and recall quality metrics. The dependency of the quality metric on the threshold level is considered. An appropriate mechanism such as "one handle" was introduced for filtering faults that are outside of the plant operator field of interest.
Out of the Box: Reasoning with Graph Convolution Nets for Factual Visual Question Answering (2018)

Accurately answering a question about a given image requires combining observations with general knowledge. While this is effortless for humans, reasoning with general knowledge remains an algorithmic challenge. To advance research in this direction a novel `fact-based' visual question answering (FVQA) task has been introduced recently along with a large set of curated facts which link two entities, i.e., two possible answers, via a relation. Given a question-image pair, deep network techniques have been employed to successively reduce the large set of facts until one of the two entities of the final remaining fact is predicted as the answer. We observe that a successive process which considers one fact at a time to form a local decision is sub-optimal. Instead, we develop an entity graph and use a graph convolutional network to `reason' about the correct answer by jointly considering all entities. We show on the challenging FVQA dataset that this leads to an improvement in accuracy of around 7% compared to the state of the art.
Coherent spin manipulation in an exchange-only qubit (2010)

Initialization, two-spin coherent manipulation, and readout of a three-spin qubit are demonstrated using a few-electron triple quantum dot. The three-spin qubit is designed to allow all operations for full qubit control to be tuned via nearest-neighbor exchange interaction. Fast readout of charge states takes advantage of multiplexed reflectometry. Decoherence measured in a two-spin subspace is found to be consistent with predictions based on gate voltage noise with a uniform power spectrum. The theory of the exchange-only qubit is developed and it is shown that initialization of only two spins suffices for operation. Requirements for full multiqubit control using only exchange and electrostatic interactions are outlined.
Photochromic Properties of Perhydro‐ and Perfluorodithienylcyclopentene Molecular Switches (2003)

Abstract Various substituted phenylthienyl perhydro‐ and perfluorocyclopentenes have been synthesized in order to compare their spectroscopic and photochromic properties. The difference in the electron densities of the central cyclopentene moieties in the perhydrocyclopentene and perfluorocyclopentene molecular switches has only a small effect on the absorption maxima of the electronic spectra, but causes some subtle changes in substituent and solvatochromic effects. The photochromic behaviour is remarkably similar, and both type of switches combine excellent quantum yields (0.6) with high degrees of photoconversion (> 0.85). The main difference is the lower photochemical and thermal stability of the perhydrocyclopentene molecular switches. It is concluded that in most studies the perhydrocyclopentenes are an excellent alternative for the perfluorocyclopentenes, while the perfluorocyclopentenes might be better suited for applications such as data storage, which depend critically on fatigue resistance and thermal stability. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
DETECTION OF HYPOXEMIA DURING PERIPHERAL VASOCONSTRICTION AT THE RADIAL ARTERY AND VARIOUS PULSE OXIMETER SENSOR SITES (2002)

SOCIETY OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 32ND CRITICAL CARE CONGRESS SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, USA JANUARY 28-FEBRUARY 2, 2003: ORAL/SANDWICH PRESENTATIONS: Poster Presentation: Clinical Science: Cardiovascular Monitoring: Oxygenation: PDF Only
Prevalence and Descriptive Epidemiology of Lennox‐Gastaut Syndrome Among Atlanta Children (1997)

LGS accounts for only 4% of all childhood epilepsy, yet is a significant contributor to childhood morbidity.
El B. C. G. en la tuberculosis bovina (1931)

Por parecernos de suma importancia, publicamos a continuacion un resumen de las conclusiones presentadas al Congreso Internacional de Veterinaria, reunido en Londres recientemente, por E . A. Watson, Patologo-Jefe del Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades de los de los animales, del Departamento de Agricultura del Canada.
Development and Validation of a Recoverable Strain-Based Model for Flow-Induced Crystallization of Polymers (2001)

A model for the description of the combined process of quiescent and flow-induced crystallization of polymers is presented. The model allows to predict in detail the spatial distribution of the crystalline structure in semi-crystalline products. Based on this structure, the final mechanical properties, shape and dimension stability of those products can be modeled. For quiscent crystallization kinetics we use the Schneider rate equations.[1] For flow-induced crystallization we have modified the Eder rate equations.[2] Where Eder used the shear rate as the driving force for flow-induced nucleation and crystallization, the modification proposed here adds a viscoelastic equation to account for molecular orientation, in particular that of the high-end tail of the molecular weight distribution. This is expressed in terms of the elastic Finger tensor with the highest relaxation time. The second invariant of this tensor, equivalent to the order parameter for a nematic phase, is used as the driving force for flow-induced nucleation and crystallization and, consequently, a coupling between rheology and structure formation is obtained.
Production of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokines by astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or a neurotropic virus. (1989)

Rat astrocytes, immunologically competent glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), released a variety of cytokines after activation. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis using a mouse TNF probe and by functional assay. Biological activity of rat astrocyte-derived TNF was neutralized by rabbit antiserum against recombinant murine TNF. Stimulation of astrocytes by lipopolysaccharide also activated the interleukin 1 and interleukin 6 genes. We have also investigated whether a neurotropic paramyxovirus, Newcastle disease virus, triggers cytokine production by astrocytes. This virus induced astrocytes to produce TNF, lymphotoxin, interleukin 6, and alpha- and beta-interferons. Thus, stimulation by endotoxin and virus activated distinct, yet overlapping, sets of cytokine genes. We propose that astrocytes and the cytokines they produce may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of immunologically and/or virally mediated CNS disease, in CNS intercellular communication, and in the interactions between the nervous and immune systems.
DESIGN TOOL DEVELOPMENT FOR CELLULAR STRUCTURE SYNthesis TO ACHIEVE DESIRED PROPERTIES (2010)

The failure to identify disease-specific Ro autoantibodies in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and annular erythema of Sjögren's syndrome sera suggests that additional factors influence the development of these skin diseases. However, similarities in the Ro autoantibody responses and in the clinical features of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and annular erythema of Sjögren's syndrome suggest that these two skin diseases might arise from a similar pathogenic process.