gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasticity in the neural coding of auditory space in the mammalian brain (2000)

Sound localization relies on the neural processing of monaural and binaural spatial cues that arise from the way sounds interact with the head and external ears. Neurophysiological studies of animals raised with abnormal sensory inputs show that the map of auditory space in the superior colliculus is shaped during development by both auditory and visual experience. An example of this plasticity is provided by monaural occlusion during infancy, which leads to compensatory changes in auditory spatial tuning that tend to preserve the alignment between the neural representations of visual and auditory space. Adaptive changes also take place in sound localization behavior, as demonstrated by the fact that ferrets raised and tested with one ear plugged learn to localize as accurately as control animals. In both cases, these adjustments may involve greater use of monaural spectral cues provided by the other ear. Although plasticity in the auditory space map seems to be restricted to development, adult ferrets show some recovery of sound localization behavior after long-term monaural occlusion. The capacity for behavioral adaptation is, however, task dependent, because auditory spatial acuity and binaural unmasking (a measure of the spatial contribution to the "cocktail party effect") are permanently impaired by chronically plugging one ear, both in infancy but especially in adulthood. Experience-induced plasticity allows the neural circuitry underlying sound localization to be customized to individual characteristics, such as the size and shape of the head and ears, and to compensate for natural conductive hearing losses, including those associated with middle ear disease in infancy.
Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine production: a review (2013)

In the past two decades, an intensive amount of research has been focused on the development of alternatives to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. The most widely researched alternatives include probiotics, prebiotics, acidifiers, plant extracts and neutraceuticals such as copper and zinc. Since these additives have been more than adequately covered in previous reviews, the focus of this review will be on less traditional alternatives. The potential of antimicrobial peptides, clay minerals, egg yolk antibodies, essential oils, eucalyptus oil-medium chain fatty acids, rare earth elements and recombinant enzymes are discussed. Based on a thorough review of the literature, it is evident that a long and growing list of compounds exist which have been tested for their ability to replace antibiotics as feed additives in diets fed to swine. Unfortunately, the vast majority of these compounds produce inconsistent results and rarely equal antibiotics in their effectiveness. Therefore, it would appear that research is still needed in this area and that the perfect alternative to antibiotics does not yet exist.
DGPS Correction Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks (2007)

This paper focuses on modelling and predicting differential GPS corrections transmitted by marine radio-beacon systems using artificial neural networks. Various neural network structures with various training algorithms were examined, including Linear, Radial Biases, and Feedforward. Matlab Neural Network toolbox is used for this purpose. Data sets used in building the model are the transmitted pseudorange corrections and broadcast navigation message. Model design is passed through several stages, namely data collection, preprocessing, model building, and finally model validation. It is found that feedforward neural network with automated regularization is the most suitable for our data. In training the neural network, different approaches are used to take advantage of the pseudorange corrections history while taking into account the required time for prediction and storage limitations. Three data structures are considered in training the neural network, namely all round, compound, and average. Of the various data structures examined, it is found that the average data structure is the most suitable. It is shown that the developed model is capable of predicting the differential correction with an accuracy level comparable to that of beacon-transmitted real-time DGPS correction.
Dynamic bandwidth reservation in hierarchical wireless ATM networks using GPS-based prediction (1999)

In this paper, we propose a distributed admission control scheme based on dynamic bandwidth reservation, with the aid of GPS to trade the position of the mobile terminal (MT) and predict its trajectory. We consider both wireless and wired links as potential bottlenecks and perform reservation in both types of links. By predicting a MT's target handoff cell and its remaining time to handoff, bandwidth reservation can be performed dynamically and efficiently. We perform simulations using an arbitrary hierarchical wireless ATM network with 256 cells, and show that the proposed scheme is able to prioritize handoff requests with moderate tradeoff of the blocking probability for new calls. We also show that the proposed scheme does not affect the amount of bandwidth utilization significantly, and the amount of prediction errors is approximately 1% of the total number of handoffs.
Computertomographische Densitometrie des menschlichen Blutes. Einfluß auf das Absorptionsverhalten von parenchymatösen Organen und Ergußbildungen<sup>*</sup> (1979)

In vitro measurements of human blood with varying haemoglobin and plasma concentrations have shown a linear relationship between haemoglobin concentrations and attenuation values. A change of haemoglobin content of 1 g/100 ml. blood produced and equivalent density change of 1.5 HU. Attenuation of normal blood is between 55 to 75 HU, that of plasma about 33 HU. Transudates with a protein concentration of less than 5 g/100 ml. show an attenuation value of less than 26 HU. It is therefore possible to indicate the presence of effusions by computer tomography. The effect of the composition of the blood on the attenuation produced by parenchymatous organs is discussed. It is concluded that attenuation values of organs is not seriously affected by even severe haematological changes.
Ferroelectric copolymer and IR sensor technology applied to obstacle detection (2003)

The design of an integrated sensing system including a silicon structure and a P(VDFO.7-TRFEO.3) copolymer is presented. The monolithic integrated sensor is based on a pyroelectric thermal P(VDF.7-TRFEO.3) copolymer detector, a polyimide microelectronic photoresist for thermal insulation, and a standard process silicon read-out circuit. Studies undertaken to realize the system are described. The ISL poling process is examined, and pyroelectric characteristics are presented. The intrinsic ferroelectric properties of the copolymer used are also given. As an application, a prototype infrared sensor giving a 32*32 copolymer focal plane array has been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nutrition for Health, Fitness, & Sport (2006)

1. Introduction to Nutrition for Health, Fitness, and Sports Performance 2. Healthful Nutrition for Fitness and Sport: The Consumer Athlete 3. Human Energy 4. Carbohydrates: The Main Energy Food 5. Fat: An Important Energy Source during Exercise 6. Protein: The Tissue Builder 7. Vitamins: The Organic Regulators 8. Minerals: The Inorganic Regulators 9. Water, Electrolytes and Temperature Regulation 10. Body Weight and Composition for Health and Sport 11. Weight Maintenance and Loss through Proper Nutrition and Exercise 12. Weight Gaining through Proper Nutrition and Exercise 13. Food Drugs and Related Supplements Appendix A-Units of Measurement: English System-Metric System Equivalents Appendix B-Approximate Caloric Expenditure per Minute for Various Physical Activities Appendix C-Self-Test on Drinking Habits and Alcoholism Appendix D-Determination of Healthy Body Weight Appendix E-Exchange Lists for Meal Planning Appendix F-Calories, Percent Fat, Cholesterol, Sodium, and Dietary Fiber in Selected Fast-Food Restaurant Products Appendix G-Energy Pathways of Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Appendix H-Small Steps: 120 Small Steps to a Healthier Diet and Increased Physical Activity Appendix I-Sample Menu for a 2000-Calorie Food Pattern
An Introduction To ebXML (2002)

Global electronic business is here to stay. In order for businesses, small and large, to exist in the new economy it has become imperative that their systems communicate with each other. Over the last few months, there has been tremendous activity by leading industry standards groups to create processes that will enable inter-company business based on a common protocol.KeywordsBusiness ProcessBusiness TransactionSimple Object Access ProtocolLegacy ApplicationElectronic BusinessThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The hydrolysis of cellulose and its relation to structure. Part 2 (1958)

A. Sharples, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1958, 54, 913 DOI: 10.1039/TF9585400913
Studies on the Synthesis of Biotin. III. : Grignard-Reaction of 3, 4-(1', 3'-Dibenzyl-2'-oxoimidazolido)-2-oxothiophane (1968)

An examination was made with Grignard-reaction of thiolactone (I). Treatment of I with 3-ethoxypropylmagnesium bromide in benzene gave only 2-hydroxy-2-(3-ethoxypropyl)thiophane derivative (II), while lactone (III) gave 2-hydroxy-2-(3-ethoxypropyl) tetrahydrofuran derivative (IV) and glycol (V). Reaction of both I and butylmagnesium bromide afforded 2-hydroxythiophane derivative (VIII) as a by-product, which was produced by the reduction with Grignard-reagent caused by the steric hinderance of I. According to the several step treatments, the condensation product of I with 3-methoxyprop-1-yne-magnesium bromide was led to the formation of thiophanium bromide (IX). dl-Biotin was prepared obtained from the condensation product of I with 4-benzyloxybutylmagnesium chloride by the modified method.
Relaxing Conflict Between Read Stability and Writability in 6T SRAM Cell Using Asymmetric Transistors (2009)

We propose an asymmetric-MOSFET-based six-transistor (6 T) SRAM cell to alleviate the conflicting requirements of read and write operations. The source-to-drain and drain-to-source characteristics of access transistors are optimized to improve writability without sacrificing read stability. The proposed technique improves the writability by 9%-11%, with iso read stability being compared with a conventional 6 T SRAM cell based on symmetric-MOSFET access transistors in 45-nm technology.
Dual-Band Skin-Adhesive Repeater Antenna for Continuous Body Signals Monitoring (2018)

We present a 35-mm diameter skin-adhesive antenna intended to operate as a gateway to relay the low power signals from a sensor implanted in the body to an external base station (BS). Such a device would be useful in the context of body area networks (BANs) for continuous body-signal monitoring. The proposed adhesive repeater is of very low profile, and it is designed for dual-band operation at the ISM band (2.4 GHz) and in the ultrawideband (UWB) spectrum (4–10.6 GHz) using a single excitation port. The ISM band is used for in-body communication with the implants and the UWB band for off-body burst communication with the BS. The antenna consists of three layers that grant it compactness and performance robustness. We assess the in-body link between the repeater and a custom-designed miniaturized implantable probe antenna. The study is performed in the frequency domain with results showing adequate input impedance matching ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> ≤ −10 dB) and robustness to different body parts. We extend the analysis to time domain by transmitting a synthetized medical signal between the two antennas. In addition, we evaluate the feasibility of an off-body link for burst communication. Again, the results indicate very good performance by the repeater antenna both in terms of impedance matching ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> ≤ −10 dB) and preservation of time signals (fidelity ≥ 75%), which is relevant in impulse radio systems. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time this kind of dual-band adhesive antenna is being proposed for BANs, complete with performance tests using frequency- and time-domain figures-of-merit.
Vida saudável versus vida aprimorada: tecnologias biomédicas, processos de subjetivação e aprimoramento (2017)

Resumo Fenômenos contemporâneos como um crescimento significativo dos campos da medicina sexual e da medicina estética exigem novas investigações empíricas e também aprofundamento de determinados debates teóricos. No contexto das últimas décadas, ganham relevo formas de subjetivação centradas no investimento pessoal via transformações corporais, nas quais o consumo de artefatos biomédicos considerados inovadores torna-se central. Em função da produção de questões advindas desse campo, este artigo discute criticamente alguns vetores conceituais. Categorias analíticas como biomedicalização, farmacologização, modos de subjetivação e aprimoramento são centrais para dar conta de entender os processos em questão. Na mesma direção, é preciso considerar a importância de problematizar as fronteiras entre os investimentos associados à manutenção da saúde e aqueles motivados pelo aprimoramento de si.
Adelmo Barigazzi: Lucrezio: vita e morte nell' universo. Antologia dal ‘De Rerum Natura’. Pp. xxxii + 232. Turin: Paravia, 1974. Paper, L. 2,900. (1976)

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Stromal Cells Derived from Spleen or Bone Marrow Support the Proliferation of Rat Natural Killer Cells in Long-Term Culture (1992)

Rat nylon wool nonadherent bone marrow cells were propagated for up to 75 days in co-culture with stromal cells derived from either spleen or bone marrow. Interleukin (IL) 1 enhanced the ability of spleen stroma to support the long-term culture of natural killer (NK) cells, ostensibly by inducing these support cells to synthesize other cytokines. Flow cytometry studies indicated that the nylon wool separation procedure enriched the concentrations of mature NK cells from 7.9% to 38.1% for splenocytes and from 3.8% to 19.5% for bone marrow cells. Analyses of the adherent zones of suspended nylon screen NK cell cultures revealed substantial numbers of large granular lymphocytes that expressed NK 323+/MOM/3F12/F2- phenotypes. The presence of both mature and immature cells of the NK lineage in this matrix was inferred by the presence of both IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) positive and IL-2R negative, and OX-8+ and OX-8- NK 323+ cells over the greater than 4-month experimental period. Suspended nylon screen cultures displayed a greater potential for producing cytolytic cells than either co-cultures of bone marrow nonadherent cells on stroma monolayers or suspension cultures. The large granular lymphocytes produced in suspended nylon screen cultures could be transformed into active killers of YAC-1 targets by IL-2. In contrast to bone marrow nonadherent cells, more splenic nylon-wool-passed cells displayed a mature NK phenotype, but their proliferative potential and ability to be transformed into cytolytic cells by IL-2 decreased rapidly in culture. In the suspended nylon screen culture system, NK cells migrate from the underlying stroma in stages as they mature, retain their cytolytic potential, and manifest a capacity for self-renewal. Cultured cells were routinely dissociated into single cell suspensions via enzyme treatment and were reinoculated onto "fresh" nylon screen/stromal cell templates after passage through nylon wool columns. These co-cultures continued to generate cytolytic cells in numbers greater than those of the initial inoculum.
The Gibberellin Fermentation (1991)

Gibberellins are a classic example of the production of plant growth regulators by microorganisms. They are important biotechnological products and are increasingly used in agriculture and horticulture.This article intends to assemble information on the history of the identification of gibberellins (GA) and producing microorganisms, especially Gibberella fujikuroi (Saw.) Wr. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of gibberelins through the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway will be described. The main product of GA biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi is gibberellic acid (GA3), which is formed from GA4 via GA7. Both the amount and the type of gibberellins produced by the fungus are dependent on the genetic constitution of the strain and the fermentation conditions.Mutation and selection for increased product formation are probably the most important factors in improving the yield of gibberellins. Some publications concerning methods of parasexual recombination will also be summarized. Beside strain improvement of wild strains, medium development and appropriate cultivation techniques (batch, fed-batch-, continuous-, and solid state-fermentation) are very important prerequisites for successful economy of gibberellin production. Furthermore, the most important ways of gibberellin recovery and purification are described. Continuing reductions in the costs make gibberellins more attractive for existing applications and open possibilities for further applications of GA3 and some other active gibberellins like GA4, Ga7, and GA9
Interleukin-6 activates and regulates transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factor family in M1 cells. (1993)

Activation of (2'-5') A synthetase gene expression in interleukin-6 (IL-6)-treated myeloleukemic M1 cells correlates with protein binding to the interferon response sequence enhancer (IRS). A new interferon response sequence complex, F6, is induced by IL-6 independently of interferon and is identified here as comprising the interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and IRF-2, by use of specific antibodies in DNA mobility shift assays with probes containing IRF binding sites. IRF-1 and IRF-2 have, respectively, positive and negative transcriptional effects on interferon-beta and interferon-inducible genes. In the IL-6-treated M1or cells, IRF-1 binding is activated early and maximally at 1 h, whereas the onset of IRF-2 binding is delayed. In a cell variant M1res, where (2'-5') A synthetase is no more induced, IRF-2 binding is constitutive, and IRF-1 binding is not seen before or after IL-6 treatment. In sensitive M1or cells, IL-6 rapidly induces IRF-1 mRNA, but in M1res cells, IRF-1 mRNA is constitutively high and not changed by IL-6. IRF-2 mRNA levels are also constitutive and not inducible by IL-6 even in M1or cells. The dissociation between induction of mRNAs and of protein binding observed suggests that the activity of the IRF proteins is regulated by IL-6. Transcripts of a third member of the IRF gene family, ICSBP, encoding a protein known to act as repressor, were found to be strongly down-regulated by IL-6. The rapid activation of IRF-1 and the modulation of the other transcription factors of this family may play a role in the early phase of IL-6 action on the M1 cells.
Mechanical and Structural Criteria for Orthopaedic Implants (1973)

(1973). Mechanical and Structural Criteria for Orthopaedic Implants. Biomaterials, Medical Devices, and Artificial Organs: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 575-634.
Increased HIF-1alpha expression in tumor cells and lymphocytes of tumor microenvironments predicts unfavorable survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. (2014)

The expression of hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α is up-regulated in tumor microenvironments under hypoxia condition. However, the prognostic significance of HIF-1α in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still elusive. We measured the HIF-1α expression by immunochemistry in tumor specimens from 136 resected ESCC; in the current study, the HIF-1α expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with tumor stage (P = 0.003) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.006); whereas the HIF-1α expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) had no relationship with patients' clinicopathological parameters. Patients with high HIF-1α expression in tumor cells or in TILs showed worse survival related to those with low HIF-1α expression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that expression of HIF-1α in TILs was an independent factor for DFS (P = 0.007) and OS (P = 0.013). Additionally, the expression of HIF-1α in tumor cells was an independent factor for DFS (P = 0.037) and OS (P = 0.033) in locoregional ESCC patients, whereas the expression of HIF-1α in TILs was an independent factor for DFS (P = 0.048) and OS (P = 0.039) in metastatic ESCC patients. Correlation analysis revealed that expressions of HIF-1α in tumor cells and in TILs were positively correlated, and patients with combined high HIF-1α in both tumor cells and TILs had the worst survivals (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the HIF-1α expressions in different cell populations of ESCC microenvironments have different clinical relevance and prognostic impact on patients.
Efficient and portable combined random number generators (1988)

In this paper we present an efficient way to combine two or more Multiplicative Linear Congruential Generators (MLCGs) and propose several new generators. The individual MLCGs, making up the proposed combined generators, satisfy stringent theoretical criteria for the quality of the sequence they produce (based on the Spectral Test) and are easy to implement in a portable way. The proposed simple combination method is new and produces a generator whose period is the least common multiple of the individual periods. Each proposed generator has been submitted to a comprehensive battery of statistical tests. We also describe portable implementations, using 16-bit or 32-bit integer arithmetic. The proposed generators have most of the beneficial properties of MLCGs. For example, each generator can be split into many independent generators and it is easy to skip a long subsequence of numbers without doing the work of generating them all.
Efficacy of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in a neonate with LQT3 associated arrhythmias (2005)

We present a case in which LQTS induced severe prenatal and neonatal arrhythmias. LQT3 was diagnosed (mutation R1623Q). Short-acting beta-blockers were ineffective as well as sotalol and mexiletine in preventing recurrent ventricular arrhythmias. An ICD was implanted at the age of 7 months (weight and length of the infant at implantation 6 kg and 60 cm respectively). Flecainide was prescribed in addition to the ICD implantation. After an appropriate shock the flecainide plasma levels were shown to be subtherapeutic. Readjustment of the flecainide dose resulted in adequate plasma levels. No further shocks occurred during a further 17 months follow-up period. The combination of an active can with a subcutaneous patch proved feasible, and lifesaving shocks occurred at 7 months after implantation.