gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear, elastic, piezoelectric, electrostrictive, and dielectric constants of lithium niobate (1987)

All eight electrostrictive, all three third-order dielectric, all thirteen third-order piezoelectric, and all fourteen third-order elastic constants of lithium niobate have been determined. Measurements for the electrostrictive constants have been made by measuring the electric capacity in selected directions when the directed static stresses were applied to the crystal. The third-order dielectric constants have been calculated from these measured electrostrictive constants and the measured capacitance as functions of the applied static electric field. The third-order piezoelectric and elastic constants have both been determined from the above-mentioned two kinds of measured constants and the measured velocities for small-amplitude ultrasonic waves as functions of several applied stresses and static electric fields.
Generalized Alternating Projection for Weighted-$\ell_{2,1}$ Minimization with Applications to Model-Based Compressive Sensing (2014)

We consider the group basis pursuit problem, which extends basis pursuit by replacing the $\ell_{1}$ norm with a weighted-$\ell_{2,1}$ norm. We provide an anytime algorithm, called generalized alternating projection (GAP), to solve this problem. The GAP algorithm extends classical alternating projection to the case in which projections are performed between convex sets that undergo a systematic sequence of changes. We prove that, under a set of group-restricted isometry property (group-RIP) conditions, the reconstruction error of GAP monotonically converges to zero. Thus the algorithm can be interrupted at any time to return a valid solution and can be resumed subsequently to improve the solution. This anytime convergence property saves iterations on retracting and correcting mistakes, which, along with an effective acceleration scheme, makes GAP converge fast. Moreover, the per-iteration computation is inexpensive, consisting of sorting of a linear array followed by groupwise thresholding and linear transform of vectors for which fast algorithms often exist. We evaluate the algorithmic performance through extensive experiments in which GAP is compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms and applied to compressive sensing of natural images and video.
The DPY-30 Domain and Its Flanking Sequence Mediate the Assembly and Modulation of Flagellar Radial Spoke Complexes (2012)

RIIa is known as the dimerization and docking (D/D) domain of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. However, numerous molecules, including radial spoke protein 2 (RSP2) in Chlamydomonas flagella, also contain an RIIa or a similar DPY-30 domain. To elucidate new roles of D/D domain-containing proteins, we investigated a panel of RSP2 mutants. An RSP2 mutant had paralyzed flagella defective in RSP2 and multiple subunits near the spokehead. New transgenic strains lacking only the DPY-30 domain in RSP2 were also paralyzed. In contrast, motility was restored in strains that lacked only RSP2's calmodulin-binding C-terminal region. These cells swam normally in dim light but could not maintain typical swimming trajectories under bright illumination. In both deletion transgenic strains, the subunits near the spokehead were restored, but their firm attachment to the spokestalk required the DPY-30 domain. We postulate that the DPY-30-helix dimer is a conserved two-prong linker, required for normal motility, organizing duplicated subunits in the radial spoke stalk and formation of a symmetrical spokehead. Further, the dispensable calmodulin-binding region appears to fine-tune the spokehead for regulation of "steering" motility in the green algae. Thus, in general, D/D domains may function to localize molecular modules for both the assembly and modulation of macromolecular complexes.
Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors Based on Carbon Nanoparticles/MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanorods Hybrid Structure (2011)

A highly flexible solid-state supercapacitor was fabricated through a simple flame synthesis method and electrochemical deposition process based on a carbon nanoparticles/MnO(2) nanorods hybrid structure using polyvinyl alcohol/H(3)PO(4) electrolyte. Carbon fabric is used as a current collector and electrode (mechanical support), leading to a simplified, highly flexible, and lightweight architecture. The device exhibited good electrochemical performance with an energy density of 4.8 Wh/kg at a power density of 14 kW/kg, and a demonstration of a practical device is also presented, highlighting the path for its enormous potential in energy management.
CRISPR/Cas9 Nuclease Cleavage Combined with Gibson Assembly for Seamless Cloning (2015)

Restriction enzymes have two major limitations for cloning: they cannot cleave at any desired location in a DNA sequence and may not cleave uniquely within a DNA sequence. In contrast, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated enzyme 9 (Cas9), when coupled with single guide RNAs (sgRNA), has been used in vivo to cleave the genomes of many species at a single site, enabling generation of mutated cell lines and animals. The Cas9/sgRNA complex recognizes a 17-20 base target site, which can be of any sequence as long as it is located 5' of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM; sequence 5'-NRG, where R = G or A). Thus, it can be programmed to cleave almost anywhere with a stringency higher than that of one cleavage in a sequence of human genome size. Here, the Cas9 enzyme and a specific sgRNA were used to linearize a 22 kb plasmid in vitro. A DNA fragment was then inserted into the linearized vector seamlessly through Gibson assembly. Our technique can be used to directly, and seamlessly, clone fragments into vectors of any size as well as to modify existing constructs where no other methods are available.
Temperature Shock in Human Spermatozoa (1955)

1. Human semen in the presence and absence of glycerol was cooled at various rapid rates above the freezing temperature in order to ascertain whether or not the spermatozoa exhibited temperature shock. It was found that these cells, unlike the majority of other mammalian cells, are not susceptible to this phenomenon. It is indicated, therefore, that the death of spermatozoa, which occurs when human semen is exposed to extremely low temperatures, is associated with ice formation. 2. Spermatozoa in human semen in the presence and absence of glycerol showed no deleterious effects when they were rapidly re-warmed above the freezing temperature. Therefore, if death occurs during the thawing of frozen human semen, then most likely it too is associated with ice formation. 3. The possible role of glycerol in temperature shock is discussed.
Antitumor Activity of NVP-BKM120—A Selective Pan Class I PI3 Kinase Inhibitor Showed Differential Forms of Cell Death Based on p53 Status of Glioma Cells (2011)

Our present findings establish that NVP-BKM120 inhibits the PI3K signaling pathways, leading to different forms of cell death on the basis of p53 statuses. Further studies are warranted to determine if NVP-BKM120 has potential as a glioma treatment.
Personal Identification Through 3D Biometric Measurements Based on Stereoscopic Image Pairs (2006)

The possibility of identifying people starting form images grabbed by video surveillance systems is a key characteristic that transforms a deterrence device in an effective and useful investigation tool. A system that allows to identify people in a reliable way, permits to increase the security of citizens. This means that the surveillance system has to be properly designed and installed. Images coming from common surveillance systems, rarely show a sufficient quality, and it is often impossible to verify personal identity in a reliable way, even combining different techniques together. In this paper an innovative video surveillance system, is proposed; this system allows to grab couples of stereoscopic images for each person passing within the cameras field of view. Starting from these images it will be possible to extract the three-dimensional positions of some face features, allowing for a reliable personal identification
3D Graphics Pipeline Enabled for MPEG2 Decoding (2007)

A novel fixed functionality computing model for synthetic and video image rendering is presented. An OpenGL-ES 1.1 3D graphics pipeline has been used and modified to decode MPEG2 bitstreams ranging from QCIF up to HD resolution achieving drift free quality compared to an MPEG2 decoder output.
Spin coating cellulose derivatives on quartz crystal microbalance plates to obtain hydrogel‐based fast sensors and actuators (2007)

Abstract Cellulose based superabsorbent hydrogels were spin coated and chemically crosslinked on Quartz Crystal Microbalance plates to obtain a thin superabsorbent layer. The hydrogel network was obtained by crosslinking hydroxiethylcellulose (HEC) and Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by the difunctional Divinylsulfone (DVS). The presence of the polyelectrolyte CMC was found to be responsible for the material high sorption sensitivity to changes in ionic strength and pH of the external solution, due to the Donnan type equilibrium established between the internal of the gel and the external solution. Since the hydrogel was synthesized in the form of a thin layer, there is negligible barrier to water diffusion through the material, which results in a fast swelling response to changes in the external solution properties. The device was immersed in a flux of water solution, where the ionic strength was continuously changed. The fast change in the equilibrium sorption capacity of the spin coated hydrogel were converted to an electrical signal by the apparatus. The time lag of the response was comparable to the inverse of the quartz oscillation frequency (approximately 10 −7 s), and the accuracy in the weight change measurement was of the order of the nanogram. FTIR microscope analysis was used to determine the presence of hydrogel and its distribution on the QCM plate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
On a Mathematical Model for the Analysis of the Glucose Tolerance Curve (1970)

Three hundred and seventeen oral glucose tolerance curves have been analyzed by a mathematical model (Ackerman's model). By application of the model to continuous venous infusion the validity of the Ackerman's hypothesis on the glucose intestinal absorption has been confirmed. The results demonstrated that the intestinal absorption rate of glucose was not statistically changed in diabetes mellitus, but decreased with age. The period of curve T, which characterizes the glucose-insulin feed-back, the glucose fasting level and the coefficient α, which characterizes insulin removal rate independent of blood glucose and the decrease of blood glucose independent of insulin, resulted in significant differences between normal and diabetic subjects. The error involved in this method was about 7.5 per cent.
On the application of averaging median filters in remote sensing (1988)

The application of averaging median filters to remote sensing has been investigated, and the results are presented with some discussion and recommendations. Averaging median filters can be considered as a subclass of the standard median filters. For image processing purposes, a two-dimensional window is first filtered by a number of average filters, and the final result of the averaging filters is equal to the median of the central pixel value and the averaging filter results. Applications of this averaging median filter to Landsat images are presented, and the results show that the fine details are preserved while attenuating the impulsing noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Small-form hepatitis B surface antigen is sufficient to help in the assembly of hepatitis delta virus-like particles (1991)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has an envelope composed of large-, middle-, and small-form hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAgs) provided by the helper hepatitis B virus (HBV). In order to examine the roles of individual HBsAgs in HDV assembly, we constructed plasmids containing each specific HBsAg gene and then cotransfected each plasmid with HDV cDNA into a permissive human hepatoma cell line (HuH-7) to examine the effects on HDV production. Results indicated that the plasmids containing only the HBsAg genes were able to complement HDV cDNA as efficiently as the plasmid containing the complete HBV genome in generating HDV-like particles. Moreover, the small-form HBsAg alone was sufficient for HDV packaging. The particles produced from the cotransfection experiments have density and protein composition characteristics similar to those of naturally occurring HDV. With the electron microscope, they were identified as 36- to 38-nm-diameter particles. It was concluded that only the HBsAgs were able to help in the assembly of HDV-like particles.
Tree-Based Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Algorithm for Signal Reconstruction (2006)

Recent studies in linear inverse problems have recognized the sparse representation of unknown signal in a certain basis as an useful and effective prior information to solve those problems. In many multiscale bases (e.g. wavelets), signals of interest (e.g. piecewise-smooth signals) not only have few significant coefficients, but also those significant coefficients are well-organized in trees. We propose to exploit this sparse tree representation as additional prior information for linear inverse problems with limited numbers of measurements. In particular, our proposed algorithm named tree-based orthogonal matching pursuit (TOMP) is shown to provide significant better reconstruction compared to methods that only use sparse representation assumption.
Coalescence of charged droplets in agitated liquid‐liquid dispersions (1992)

Abstract Experimental studies have been performed to assess the effect of drop charge on turbulent drop coalescence. Although it is well known that surface charge can affect coalescence rates of Brownian particles in a quiescent medium, no studies have been found in the literature which explicitly examine charge effects on larger drops in turbulent media. Results demonstate that drop charge can substantially inhibit coalescence between drops in agitated dispersions. Moreover, this effect can arise solely from latent drop charges, which are attributed to the preferential adsorption of hydroxide ions onto the water‐organic phase interface. Ionic strength and pH thus are shown to play a major role in determining coalescence rates between agitated drops. Results also demonstrate that reliance on measurement of average drop sizes for the purpose of determining coalescence rate dependencies is a precarious practice. Strong size‐dependent effects such as obtained here have the potential to suggest erroneous conclusions when conclusions are based on measurements of average drop sizes rather than of drop‐size distributions.
Einfache Grundsätze des Pazifismus (1993)

Man muß mit der „Mystik“ (wie man es nennt), oder mit der Psychose (wie auch gesagt wird) der Sicherheit Schluß machen.
<i>Special feature: Historical</i>. Collision‐induced dissociation: Readings and commentary (1995)

Abstract Collision‐induced dissociation (CID), also known as collision‐activated dissociation (CAD), is now central to the practice of mass spectrometry. The story of its discovery, fundamental basis, and its development as a technique applicable to different types of instruments has evolved over many decades. In this paper, these topics are explored by reference to and commentary on particular texts, chosen to represent milestones in the development of CID over the period 1910–1970.
Specific Metal-Oligonucleotide Binding Studied by High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) was used to study the binding of metal ions to two oligonucleotides, d(pGCTTGCATp) and d(TTGGCCCTCCTT). Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the metal-oligonucleotide complex revealed that metal ions preferentially bound to the central thymine region of the sequence. The most probable binding sites were the phosphodiester backbone since the sum of the maximum number of charge addition from the metal ions and the charge state of the whole complex was found to be equal to the number of ionizable protons on the DNA backbone. Although site-specific and sequence-specific binding was observed for all three of the metal ions studied, the binding specificity of UO2(2+) ions was significantly greater than for Mg2+ and Na+. These experiments demonstrate that ESI-MS/MS can be applied to study the binding of metal ions and their complexes to oligonucleotides, providing not only information on the number of metal ions binding to the oligonucleotide, but also information related to the binding site(s) and binding specificity.
A set of cell surface glycoproteins forms an early marker of cell position, but not cell type, in the root apical meristem of <i>Daucus carota</i> L. (1989)

Abstract A monoclonal antibody (JIM4) has been derived that recognizes a series of glycoproteins associated with the plasma membrane of a suspension-cultured carrot cell line and also an arabinogalactan proteoglycan secreted by the cultured cells. Immunocytochemistry indicated that the plasma membrane antigen(s) recognized by JIM4 are specific to certain cells of Daucus carota L. seedlings. In the root apex JIM4 labelled two segments of the stele. These were centred upon the poles of the protoxylem. An axis of unlabelled cells connected the two phloem regions. Two sections of the pericycle with characteristic oblique longitudinal divisions were particularly reactive with JIM4. This pattern of reactive cells, reflecting cell position rather than a specific future cell type, would appear to be a unique observation in plants. The association of JIM4 antigens with these vascular tissues is maintained through the transition from root to the shoot tissue of the cotyledons and the mature plant. Examination of JIM4 labelling upon ultrathin frozen sections of the carrot seedling root apical meristem indicated that the expression of the antigen is a very early event in root development. Cells express the surface epitope, within one or two cells of the dome of apical initials, before the pattern of future vascular tissue can be discerned and well before its actual differentiation.
Analysis of the protein-protein interactions in the parvovirus H-1 capsid (1983)

The structure of the icosahedral capsid of the H-1 parvovirus was probed by chemical cross-linking methods. Treatment of empty capsids with high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols resulted in irreversible aggregation of the minor capsid protein VP1. Multimers of VP1 containing at least five and perhaps six molecules were obtained, but only with empty capsids and not with the full, DNA-containing virus. Cross-linking of the empty capsids with dimethylsuberimidate confirmed the assignments of the products formed after treatment with polyethylene glycol. With dimethylsuberimidate the most abundant product was a heterologous dimer containing VP1 and the major capsid protein VP2'. A small amount of homologous VP2' dimer was also obtained, but the majority of VP2' remained unreacted even at high concentrations of dimethylsuberimidate. The capsid proteins of the full virus, on the other hand, were completely unreactive to dimethylsuberimidate. The data suggest that the minor protein VP1 may be clustered in the capsid and perhaps composes one or two of the morphological units of the icosahedral shell.
Control and validation of expert tasks for a collision avoidance system (2002)

In order to improve car driving security, there have been a lot of developments by car constructors: air bag, seat belt. All of them are made to reduce human physical damage in case of accident but do not prevent the accident from taking place. We describe our work which forms part of the European project Prometheus which aims to propose a real time collision avoidance system embedded in a car. In this paper we discuss particularly the decision module which warns the driver against an eventual collision. For this we have chosen to use an expert system.
A novel and accurate technique of photographic wound measurement (2012)

This technique is simple and accurate and is an inexpensive and non-invasive method to accurately measure wounds.
Disruption of the Mthfd1 Gene Reveals a Monofunctional 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase in Mammalian Mitochondria (2004)

The Mthfd1 gene encoding the cytoplasmic methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase enzyme (DCS) was inactivated in embryonic stem cells. The null embryonic stem cells were used to generate spontaneously immortalized fibroblast cell lines that exhibit the expected purine auxotrophy. Elimination of these cytoplasmic activities allowed for the accurate assessment of similar activities encoded by other genes in these cells. A low level of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase was detected and was shown to be localized to mitochondria. However, NADP-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity was not detected. Northern blot analysis suggests that a recently identified mitochondrial DCS (Prasannan, P., Pike, S., Peng, K., Shane, B., and Appling, D. R. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 43178-43187) is responsible for the synthetase activity. The lack of NADP-dependent dehydrogenase activity suggests that this RNA may encode a monofunctional synthetase. Moreover, examination of the primary structure of this novel protein revealed mutations in key residues required for dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities. This monofunctional synthetase completes the pathway for the production of formate from formyltetrahydrofolate in the mitochondria in our model of mammalian one-carbon folate metabolism in embryonic and transformed cells.
Addition of Rosiglitazone to Glimepirid and Metformin Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes (2004)

The study was planned to determine the efficacy and safety of adding rosiglitazone to a combination of glimepiride and metformin therapy with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes. This was an open-label study with a follow-up period of 26 weeks. Thirty patients were taking 3 mg glimepiride two times and 850 mg metformin two times per day. Patients were told to take one rosiglitazone 4 mg tablet before breakfast additionally. The primary efficacy measure was the mean change in HbA1c from baseline to the end of the study. Secondary efficacy parameters included the mean changes from baseline to the end of the study in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin levels, as well as total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Mean HbA1c levels decreased significantly from 7.54 +/- 0.9% to 6.57 +/- 0.7% (p < 0.001) at 26th week. FPG levels fell from 169.39 +/- 37.8 mg/dl to 135.69 +/- 28.0 mg/dl (p < 0.001), respectively. Insulin levels decreased from 19.60 +/- 9.8 U/L to 14.66 +/- 11.6 U/L (p = 0.026) at 26th week. No one experienced elevations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of the reference range. This study confirms that the addition of rosiglitazone (4 mg/day) to sulphonylurea and metformin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes improves glycemic control, is safe, and generally well tolerated.