gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha 7 nicotinic receptor coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins modulates RhoA activation, cytoskeletal motility, and structural growth (2016)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulate the growth and structure of neurons throughout the nervous system. Ligand stimulation of the α7 nAChR has been shown to regulate the large heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein) signaling in various types of cells. Here, we demonstrate a role for α7 nAChR/G protein interaction in the activation of the small (monomeric) RhoA GTPase leading to cytoskeletal changes during neurite growth. Treatment of PC12 cells with the α7 nAChR agonist choline or PNU-282987 was associated with an increase in RhoA activity and an inhibition in neurite growth. Specifically, choline treatment was found to attenuate the velocity of microtubule growth at the growth cone and decrease the rate of actin polymerization throughout the cell. The effects of α7 nAChR activation were abolished by expression of a dominant negative α7 nAChR (α7345-348A ) deficient in G protein coupling. Proteomic analysis of immunoprecipitated α7 nAChR complexes from differentiating PC12 cells and synaptic fractions of the developing mouse hippocampus revealed the existence of Rho GTPase-regulating guanine nucleotide exchange factors within α7 nAChR interactomes. These findings underscore the role of α7 nAChR/G protein in cytoskeletal regulation during neurite growth. This image depicts the hypothesized interaction of the traditionally ionotropic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) and its ability to interact and signal through both large and small G proteins, leading to the regulation of cytoskeletal growth. Using differentiated PC12 cells, and the specific agonist choline, it was shown that α7 nAChR/G protein interactions mediate both short- and long-term neurite growth dynamics through increased RhoA activation. Activation of RhoA was shown to decrease actin polymerization, and lead to an overall decrease in neurite growth via regulation of the microtubule network. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13330.
Freeze & Crypt: Linux Kernel Support for Main Memory Encryption (2017)

S.17-30
Nuclear Tracks in Solids (Principles & Applications) (1981)

An extensive discussion of particle tracks in solids, quantitative methods for particle identification from them, and applications of the techniques in a number of fields are presented. Applications in geochronology, cosmic ray physics, meteoritic and lunar science, nuclear physics, chemical analysis, micro-chemical mapping, and radiation dosimetry are included. Each chapter contains numerous photographs and a substantial bibliography.
Challenges and Recent Developments in Hearing Aids (2004)

This is the second part of a review on the challenges and recent developments in hearing aids. Feedback and the occlusion effect pose great challenges in hearing aid design and usage. Yet, conventional solutions to feedback and the occlusion effect often create a dilemma: the solution to one often leads to the other. This review discusses the advanced signal processing strategies to reduce feedback and some new approaches to reduce the occlusion effect. Specifically, the causes of three types of feedback (acoustic, mechanical, and electromagnetic) are discussed. The strategies currently used to reduce acoustic feedback (i.e., adaptive feedback reduction algorithms using adaptive gain reduction, notch filtering, and phase cancellation strategies) and the design of new receivers that are built to reduce mechanical and electromagnetic feedback are explained. In addition, various new strategies (i.e., redesigned sound delivery devices and receiver-in-the-ear-canal hearing aid configuration) to reduce the occlusion effect are reviewed. Many manufacturers have recently adopted laser shell-manufacturing technologies to overcome problems associated with manufacturing custom hearing aid shells. The mechanisms of selected laser sintering and stereo lithographic apparatus and the properties of custom shells produced by these two processes are reviewed. Further, various new developments in hearing aid transducers, telecoils, channel-free amplification, open-platform programming options, rechargeable hearing aids, ear-level frequency modulated (FM) receivers, wireless Bluetooth FM systems, and wireless programming options are briefly explained and discussed. Finally, the applications of advanced hearing aid technologies to enhance other devices such as cochlear implants, hearing protectors, and cellular phones are discussed.
Effect of intensive insulin therapy on abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. (1995)

CIIIT performed in IDDM patients on ISIT further improves their glycemic control and tends to reverse or at least prevent further deterioration of their abnormal circadian BP pattern.
Rapid preparation of tissue DNA from paraffin-embedded blocks and analysis by polymerase chain reaction. (1993)

We have developed a new, easy, and more rapid method for DNA preparation, which avoids contamination. With this method, manual surgical blade scrapings from precisely targeted areas of paraffin block surfaces, without microtome cutting, were used to obtain tissues from 10 different neoplasms. Our results indicate the feasibility of DNA extraction from the scraped paraffin tissue for molecular genetic analysis. We applied this technique successfully to screen for the presence of human papillomavirus using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure in cases of endocervical, esophageal, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and to examine the expression of p53 gene from prostate and gastric adenocarcinomas. We conclude that this procedure is also suitable for purification of PCR products in analysis of the mutation or loss of allelic genes by Bstu I endonuclease digestion.
Synthetic studies on enkephalin analogs. II. Enhanced analgesic activity of H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NHNH-CO-CH2CH3 following N-methylation of Tyr and Phe. (1981)

In order to study the effect of N-methylation of a potent enkephalin analog, H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NHNH-CO-CH2CH3, on analgesic activity, six new analogs were synthesized in which one or more of amino acid residues and the acyl-hydrazide constituting the tetrapeptide acyl-hydrazide were N-methylated. N-Methylation of both Tyr at position 1 and Phe at position 4 of the analog led to a derivative which was twice as potent as morphine. On the other hand, N-methylation of D-Ala at position 2, Gly at position 3 or NHNH-CO-CH2CH3 at position 5 markedly decreased the analgesic potency. Five analogs with a modified tyrosine residue at position 1 of the tetrapeptide acyl-hydrazide were also synthesized in order to assess the role of the N-terminal Tyr residue in the biological activity.
Remote nitrogen plasma treatment of polymers: Polyethylene, nylon 6,6, poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1992)

Abstract A remote nitrogen plasma has been used for the rapid attachment of nitrogen to linear low density polyethylene, nylon 6,6, poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene terephthalate). Analysis was performed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the chemistry occurring on the surface. Nitrogen appeared to attach to the polymer chain at specific sites rather than uniformly over the whole chain as seen by the formation of high binding energy components and the continuously high intensity of the hydrocarbon component.
Analysis of the Time-Reversal Operator for a Small Spherical Scatterer in an Electromagnetic Field (2004)

The time-reversal operator (TRO) for a planar array of crossed dipole elements illuminating a small conducting and/or dielectric sphere is investigated in order to determine the general properties of an electromagnetic time-reversing array system. The behavior of such a system for a given frequency is analyzed by studying the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the TRO. Each eigenvector specifies a set of complex driving currents for the array elements that produce received voltages that are proportional to the conjugates of the drive currents. The proportionality constant is equal to the square root of the associated eigenvalue and is the same for all elements. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be determined by performing a singular value decomposition (SVD) on the multistatic data matrix of the array. The eigenvalues of the TRO are the squares of the singular values, and the eigenvectors are identical to the singular vectors. We have shown that the maximum number of singular vectors associated with the sphere is equal to the number of orthogonal orientations of the dipole moments induced in the sphere when irradiated by the array, so there is a maximum of six for a conducting sphere but only three are significant when the conductivity is small and the sphere may be considered being just a dielectric. Numerical results are presented for linear and circular arrays to show the general behavior of the system.
Superhydrophobic cotton by fluorosilane modification (2009)

Superhydrophobic materials are those having surfaces that are extremely difficult to wet, with water contact angle of > 150°. Since the hydrophobicity of a surface is determined by its chemical composition and topography (surface roughness), the superhydrophobicity can be obtained by lowering the surface free energy (by the treatment with fluorinated or silicon compounds) 1-4 and by enhancing the surface roughness with a fractal structure 5-8 . Cotton, a cellulose-based material, that is greatly hydrophilic, is more benefited when made hydrophobic. Modification of cotton to make it superhydrophobic extends the use of cotton even further to various other end-uses, like water-repellent, self-cleaning fabric or it could even be used in oil-spill clean-up where it would repel the water and absorb the oil. Different approaches have been used to obtain superhydrophobicity on cotton, including coating with different modified silica sols 9 , co-hydrolysis and polycondensation of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethoxyorthosilicate, and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane 10 , or treatment with densely packed aligned carbon nanotubes 11 , and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres 12 . This paper reports a very simple and easy method of creating superhydrophobicity on a cotton fabric by lowering its surface energy by coating with a fluorosilane. Commercially available bleached cotton fabric (107 g/m 2 ) was used in all the experiments. A sample size of about 10 × 10 cm was used for the different treatments. 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-fluorooctyl triethoxysilane (FOS) was purchased from Aldrich.
Asymptomatic arrhythmias in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. (1994)

In a group of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, sustained asymptomatic atrial fibrillation occurs far more frequently than symptomatic atrial fibrillation. However, it is not known whether asymptomatic atrial fibrillation is a potential risk factor for stroke even when patients are not having symptomatic arrhythmias.
Monitoring of neuromuscular transmission by electromyography (II) (1993)

The feasibility of the compound electromyogram (EMG) was evaluated during onset and recovery from pancuronium block in the tibialis anterior muscle of ten cats. The evoked EMG area, amplitude and duration of the total response and of the major negative deflection were evaluated and compared to the mechanomyogram during 0.1 Hz and train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. EMG areas and amplitudes were found to be linearly and similarly related to the mechanomyogram during onset and recovery. Slopes of the regression lines ranged between 1.00-1.02 and between 1.10-1.22 during onset and recovery, respectively, with high individual correlation coefficients (> 0.95). The TOF ratio of the mechanomyogram was linearly related to the EMG TOF ratio during onset and to the square root of the EMG TOF ratio during recovery, with no differences between EMG areas and amplitudes, suggesting a higher initial recovery of the TOF ratio of the mechanomyogram during recovery. EMG duration increased as the level of block increased but was unsuitable for neuromuscular monitoring. Evaluation of the agreement between the two methods showed that the EMG may be from 15% below to 10% above the mechanomyogram during onset and from 40% below to 45% above the mechanomyogram during recovery, in spite of high correlation coefficients. In contrast, agreement between EMG parameters was found to be high. In conclusion, EMG is more reliable than the mechanomyogram for evaluation of neuromuscular transmission in the cat. EMG amplitudes and areas both reflect the degree of neuromuscular blockade equally well.
TEMPO reacts with oxygen-centered radicals under acidic conditions (2010)

In the presence of organic acids in organic media, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) reacts with peroxyl radicals at nearly diffusion-controlled rates by proton-coupled electron transfer from the protonated nitroxide.
Refinement of the Crystal Structures of Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub>InCl and Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>Cl by Neutron Powder Diffraction (1993)

Two titled compounds which have different structures have been synthesized by heating mixtures of hydrates of copper (II) nitrate and copper (II) chloride, or indium nitrate. Their crystal structures have been refined by the Rietveld method using neutron powder diffraction data. Cu6O8InCl is a stoichiometric compound and has a murdochite-like structure (E. Dubler, 1983). The obtained crystallographic data are: space group Fm3m, a=9.1555 (2) Å, d0=5.69g/cm3 and Z=4. Final S (=Rwp/Re) was 1.04. A [Cu6O8] block, a 3-dimensional network of 26-sided polyhedra, is composed of [CuO4] planes sharing oxygen atoms (Cu-O: 1.908Å). Another block is a network of [InO8] cubes sharing corner oxygens with the 26-sided polyhedra (In-O: 2.257Å). The centers of each block are occupied by Cl and In, respectively. Oxygen (32f) and chlorine sites (4b) were found to be fully occupied. This compound has been concluded to have a ordered structure with a chemical composition of Cu6O8InCl. In Cu6O8Cu2Cl, Cl sites were found to be partly substituted by NO3-. Its crystallographic data are: space group Fm3m, a=9.381 (1) Å, d0=4.95g/cm3 and Z=4. S was 1.15. The crystal structure of Cu6O8Cu2Cl is essentially the same as that of Cu6O8InCl except Cu sites corresponding to the In sites. The Cu atoms are not located at the In site (2b) in the cube, but distributed among 6 equivalent sites (24e) around the center of the oxygen cube with an occupation factor of about 0.29. A Cu atom in the cube is coordinated to 4 oxygens to form a distorted [CuO4] plane with a Cu-O distance of 1.916Å, and [CuO4] planes form a 3-dimensional network. Therefore, this type of compounds can be expressed as Cu6-mO8⋅Cu2-nCl0.7(NO3)0.3 where m+n are 0.4. For the sample used in this work, m was 0.1. Cu6O8Cu2Cl has a larger unit cell than Cu6O8InCl, which is explained in terms of the fact that the former contains large NO3- instead of Cl-.
Enhanced tetragonality in (x)PbTiO3-(1−x)Bi(Zn1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 and related solid solution systems (2005)

The solid solutions (x)PbTiO3-(1−x)Bi(Zn1∕2Ti1∕2)O3, (x)PbTiO3-(1−x)Bi(Zn1∕2Zn1∕2)O3, and (x)PbTiO3-(1−x)Bi(Zn1∕2Sn1∕2)O3, have been examined by x-ray diffraction, dielectric measurements, and thermal analysis. Unlike most PbTiO3-based solid solutions, these systems show enhanced tetragonality with substitution for PbTiO3. In particular, the (x)PbTiO3-(1−x)Bi(Zn1∕2Ti1∕2)O3 system exhibits a high c∕a ratio of 1.11 for x=0.60. Accordingly, the Curie temperature (TC) also increases, exceeding 700°C at the same composition. It is proposed that PbTiO3-Bi(B)O3-type solid solutions which contain only highly polarizable cations on the B site are likely to exhibit similar enhancements in tetragonality and TC.
A new method for analysis of limit cycle behavior of the NASA/JPL 70-meter antenna axis servos (1989)

A piecewise linear method of analyzing the effects of discontinuous nonlinearities on control system performance is described. The limit cycle oscillatory behavior of the system resulting from the nonlinearities is described in terms of a sequence of linear system transient responses. The equations are derived which relate the initial and the terminal conditions of successive transients and the boundary conditions imposed by the non-linearities. The method leads to a convenient computation algorithm for prediction of limit cycle characteristics resulting from discontinuous nonlinearities such as friction, deadzones, and hysteresis.
A 5.2mW, 0.0016% THD up to 20kHz, ground-referenced audio decoder with PSRR-enhanced class-AB 16&#x03A9; headphone amplifiers (2012)

A low-power ground-referenced audio decoder with PSRR-enhanced class-AB headphone amplifiers presents <;0.0016% THD in the whole audio band against the supply ripple by a negative charge-pump. Realized in the 40nm CMOS, the fully-integrated stereo decoder achieves 91dB SNDR and 100dB dynamic range while driving a 16Ω headphone load and consumes 5.2mW from a 1.8V power supply. The core area is 0.093mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /channel only.
Dendritic Nanowire Growth Mediated by a Self‐Assembled Catalyst (2005)

Dendritic growth of multiply branched InAs nanowires (see Figure and cover) is initiated by the controlled introduction of a Mn precursor in the context of vapor–liquid–solid nanowire growth by chemical vapor deposition. Self-assembly of Mn clusters leads to the nucleation and epitaxial growth of Mn-terminated InAs branches. The results provide a new route to the formation of hierarchical nanowire structures for nanoscale electronics and photonics.
Effiziente und dynamische Drehmomenteinprägung in hoch ausgenutzten Synchronmaschinen mit eingebetteten Magneten (2015)

In modernen Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeugen kommen häufig hoch ausgenutzte permanentmagneterregte Synchronmaschinen mit stark nichtlinearen Eigenschaften zum Einsatz. In dieser Arbeit werden Regelstrukturen für einen effizienten und dynamischen Betrieb solcher Antriebe vorgestellt und experimentell validiert. Damit kann die Drehmomenteinprägung mit der höchstmöglichen Dynamik erfolgen, bei gleichzeitig bestmöglicher Ausnutzung und Effizienz des Antriebssystems im stationären Betrieb.
Aqueous isopropyl alcohol for extraction of free fatty acids from oils (1989)

Abstract Liquid‐liquid extraction of fatty acids from a vegetable oil is accomplished by aqueous isopropyl alcohol in the ratio of 1:1 in two‐stage extractions at 30±2°C. The mixtures studied contained 0 to 50 fatty acids in groundnut oil, and aqueous isopropyl alcohol solutions were of 75, 80, 85, 95 and 99% concentrations. Phase separation depends on (i) the fatty acids content in the model mixture, and (ii) the concentration of aqueous isopropyl alcohol. Selective fatty acid separation and phase separation could be achieved by use of aqueous (75 and 80%) isopropyl alcohol over the whole range of fatty acid content in the model mixture.
EFFECT OF EQUINE GONADOTROPIN ON TESTES OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED MONKEYS<sup>1</sup> (1942)

EQUINE GONADOTROPIN (pregnanMnare-serum gonadotropin) is undoubtably the most potent gonad-Stimulating substance which at present is available in 4 quantities sufficient for extensive animal or clinical experimental work. When injected into females, it causes follicular growth and luteinisation in hypophysectc raised rodents (i, 5, 6, 8), and produces follicular growth in normal monkeys (1,10). In hypophysectomised male rats and guinea pigs it maintains or restores spermatO-genesis and stimulates the interstititial tissue and accessory reproductive organs (2,7, 9). These gonadotropic effects can be maintained for long periods with continued treatment. Effects of this gonadotropin on either normal or hypophysectomized male monkeys have not been reported. They would seem to be of interest, for the type of involution of the seminiferous tubules in monkeys is similar to that in the human male and differs from that occurring in rats—the form on which previous experimental work on the maintenance or restoration of the testes after hypophysectomy has been done almost exclusively.
Damped Jacobi Preconditioning and Coarse Grid Deflation for Conjugate Gradient Iteration on Parallel Computers (1991)

A combination of damped Jacobi preconditioning and deflation is given as a way to improve the convergence of conjugate gradient iteration on local memory multiprocessor computers such as the hypercube. Experimental results are given for the linear system associated with the elastic bending of a cantilever beam on the iPSC/2 with both 4 and 16 processors.
Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography (2008)

Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goals.
Radiation Damage in Electronic Memory Devices (2013)

This paper investigates the behavior of semiconductor memories exposed to radiation in order to establish their applicability in a radiation environment. The experimental procedure has been used to test radiation hardness of commercial semiconductor memories. Different types of memory chips have been exposed to indirect ionizing radiation by changing radiation dose intensity. The effect of direct ionizing radiation on semiconductor memory behavior has been analyzed by using Monte Carlo simulation method. Obtained results show that gamma radiation causes decrease in threshold voltage, being proportional to the absorbed dose of radiation. Monte Carlo simulations of radiation interaction with material proved to be significant and can be a good estimation tool in probing semiconductor memory behavior in radiation environment.
Relationship between the C<sub>3435</sub>T and G<sub>2677</sub>T(A) polymorphisms in the <i>ABCB1</i> gene and P‐glycoprotein expression in human liver (2005)

There is substantial variability in the expression of Pgp in human liver, but this is not due to the presence of C3435T and G2677T(A) polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene, although our study is limited by a small sample size.
Skewed oligomers and origins of replication (1998)

The putative origin of replication in prokaryotic genomes can be located by a new method that finds short oligomers whose orientation is preferentially skewed around the origin. The skewed oligomer method is shown to work for all bacterial genomes and one of three archaeal genomes sequences to date, confirming known or predicted origins in most cases and in three cases (H. pylori, M. thermoautotrophicum, and Synechocystis sp.), suggesting origins that were previously unknown. In many cases, the presence of conserved genes and nucleotide motifs confirms the predictions. An algorithm for finding these skewed seven-base and eight-base sequences is described, along with a method for combining evidence from multiple skewed oligomers to accurately locate the replication origin. Possible explanations for the phenomenon of skewed oligomers are discussed. Explanations are presented for why some bacterial genomes contain hundreds of highly skewed oligomers, whereas others contain only a handful.