gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin torque nano-oscillator based Oscillatory Neural Network (2016)

Oscillatory Neural Networks (ONN) are becoming a popular neuromorphic computing model owing to their efficient parallel processing capabilities. Hoppensteadt and Izhikevich proposed an ONN architecture resembling associative memory, with Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) circuits as neurons. Unfortunately, there are shortcomings in realizing such architectures due to the inefficiencies of CMOS based implementations of oscillators and other hardware. We propose a PLL structure for ONN applications fashioned using energy efficient and scalable Spin Torque Oscillators (STOs). We demonstrate the functionality of a 60 neuron ONN using STOs for binary image identification.
Segregation of Carbon to the (100) Surface of Nickel (1970)

The reversible segregation of carbon to the (100) surface of nickel has been observed. The surface was studied at temperature through measurements of work function changes and observations of LEED patterns and Auger spectra. The work function increases with temperature by about 0.63 eV in the temperature range 500°–800°K. This difference is close to that obtained from reported values of the work function for Ni (100) and for carbon. Below about 650°K the diffraction pattern contains rings characteristic of a graphite layer with its basal plane parallel to the substrate. In contrast with previous LEED observations of graphite precipitation at single-crystal surfaces, the segregation described here is reversible under temperature cycling.
alphaalpha-Crosslinked Hemoglobin: Was Failure Predicted by Preclinical Testing? (2000)

‘I see nobody on the road,’ said Alice.‘I only wish I had such eyes,’ the King remarked in a fretful tone.‘To be able to see nobody. And at that distance, too!Why, it's as much as I can do to see real people, by this light.’ Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass
Spatio-temporal pyramid matching for sports videos (2008)

In this paper, we address the problem of querying video shots based on content-based matching. Our proposed system automatically partitions a video stream into video shots that maintain continuous movements of objects. Finding video shots of the same category is not an easy task because objects in a video shot change their locations over time. Our spatio-temporal pyramid matching (STPM) is the modified spatial pyramid matching (SPM), which considers temporal information in conjunction with spatial locations to match objects in video shots. In addition, we model the mathematical condition in which temporal information contributes to match video shots. In order to improve the matching performance, dynamic features including movements of objects are considered in addition to static features such as edges of objects. In our experiments, several methods based on different feature sets and matching methods are compared, and our spatio-temporal pyramid matching performed better than existing methods in video matching for sports videos.
Investigations on Oxidized Gelatins (1986)

Starting from a native, inert bone gelatine three gelatins differing in the degree of oxidation were prepared. Photographic tests indicated an increase in fog and reduced grain growth restraining power with increasing degree of oxidation. Oxidation does not change the aldehyde concentration, but it reduces the gold-binding capacity and lowers the concentration of methionine and of tyrosine and causes hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline. Ornithine has been detected in all gelatins, while cysteine was found absent with the usual analytical methodes. The latter, however, has been found in a hydrolyzate prepared from bones. Addition small amounts of cysteine to an oxidized gelatin restores the properties to values similar to those of the initial native gelatin. Therefore, it is assumed that the native gelatin could contain small, not-detectable traces of cysteine which have been oxidized by the hydrogen peroxide treatment.
Predictors of Persistence and Adherence with Secondary Preventive Medication in Stroke Patients (2015)

지역사회 뇌졸중환자들의 치료 지속률과 약물 순응도에 대한 연구는 아직 많이 실시되지 않았다. 그러나 치료 지속률과 약물 순응도가 뇌졸중의 재발 및 사망과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것은 많이 알려진 사실이다. 이에 본 연구는 지역에 거주하고 있는 뇌졸중환자들을 임의 추출하여 이들의 치료 지속률과 약물 순응도를 평가하고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 찾기 위하여 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 429명으로 이들의 뇌졸중 치료율과 현재 복용하고 있는 약물의 순응률을 파악하였으며 약물 순응도는 의도적 비순응군과 비의도적 비순응군으로 구분하여 조사하였다. 연구 결과 치료 지속률은 86.5%였으며 이들 중 약물 순응도는 41.2%였다. 치료 지속률에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 보건교육 경험뿐이었으며, 비의도적 약물 비순응에 영향을 미치는 요인은 mRS와 보건교육 경험 그리고 의도적 약물 비순응에 영향을 미치는 요인은 mRS와 우울감 정도 그리고 약물에 대한 신념(필요성, 염려)이었다. 결론적으로 지역사회 뇌졸중환자의 재발방지와 사망률감소를 위하여 약물복용을 중요하게 교육하여야 할 것이며 순응도 향상을 위해서는 약물에 대한 필요성은 올리고 염려 수준을 낮추도록 교육하여야 할 것이다. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the persistence and adherence to secondary preventive medication of stroke patients after discharge and to assess the reasons for persistence and nonadherence. Methods: Four hundred twenty-nine patients with stroke were surveyed to determine their behaviors from discharge. Reasons for stopping medications were ascertained. Persistence was defined as continuation of all secondary preventive medications prescribed at hospital discharge, and adherence as continuation of prescribed medications according to health care provider instructions. Results: Of the 429 patients, 86.5% were treatment persistent and 41.2%(non-intentional nonadherence=39.4%, intentional nonadherence=19.4%) were adherent. Independent predictors of persistence included having experience about health education. Independent predictors of non-intentional nonadherence were modified Rankin Scale(mRS) (Exp(B)=2.858, p=0.001) and health education experience (Exp(B)=0.472, p=0.032), and independent predictors of intentional nonadherence were mRS (Exp(B)=2.533, p=0.006), depressive symptoms (Exp(B)=1.113, p=0.016), beliefs about medications questionnaire(necessity, Exp(B)=0.879, p=0.011, concern, Exp(B)=1.098, p=0.019). Conclusions: Although up to one-ninth of stroke patients continued secondary prevention medications, nonadherence is common. Several potentially modifiable patient, provider, and system-level factors associated with persistence and adherence may be targets for future interventions. Specially, interventions to improve adherence should target patients' beliefs about their medication.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 Activates Androgen Receptor-Dependent Transcription and Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer (1999)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases phosphorylate the estrogen receptor and activate transcription from estrogen receptor-regulated genes. Here we examine potential interactions between the MAP kinase cascade and androgen receptor-mediated gene regulation. Specifically, we have studied the biological effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) expression in prostate cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that expression of constitutively active MEKK1 induces apoptosis in androgen receptor-positive but not in androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells. Reconstitution of the androgen receptor signaling pathway in androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells restores MEKK1-induced apoptosis. MEKK1 also stimulates the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor in the presence or absence of ligand, whereas a dominant negative mutant of MEKK1 impairs activation of the androgen receptor by androgen. These studies demonstrate an unanticipated link between MEKK1 and hormone receptor signaling and have implications for the molecular basis of hormone-independent prostate cancer growth.
Hall-Effect Domain Detector (1970)

Electrical readout of digital information transported by closed domains in magnetically uniaxial platelets requires sensing flux changes of 1–10 pWb emanating from an area 2–25 μm in diameter. Using an n-type epitaxial layer on a p-type silicon substrate we have developed a beam-leaded Hall-effect device suitable for sensing domains in orthoferrites. In these materials the minimal domain diameter is approximately 25 μm and the flux density is typically 0.01 T. Some properties of the Hall-effect detector are: active area ≈400 μm2, active thickness ≈1 μm, input and output resistance ≈1.5 kΩ, rated current Ir=8 mA, and risetime &lt;50 nsec. Over the experimental range |B| ≤0.01 T and I≤Ir, the measured Hall voltage satisfied VH = (S0 - S2I2)IB, where S0≈16 V/A·T and S2≈ 3×104 V/A3·T. In detecting orthoferrite domains were have obtained 0.5 mV signals. We discuss the design and fabrication, the electrical and mechanical characteristics, and the limitations of the device. Improved detector performance is possible, and guidelines for its realization are given.
Verallgemeinerte Schwarzschildsche Spiegelsysteme streifender Reflexion als Optiken für Röntgenstrahlen (1952)

Abstract Neben den von Kirkpatrick und den vom Verfasser angegebenen Spiegelsystemen für Röntgenstrahlen lassen sich durch Verallgemeinerung der Schwarzschildschen Spiegelsysteme neue streifend reflektierende Spiegelsysteme gewinnen. Sie sind streng aplanatisch; eine Verbesserung der Bildqualität gegenüber den Spiegelsystemen aus Flächen zweiten Grades ist mit ihnen jedoch nur in äußerster Achsennähe erreichbar.
Aberration correction for time-domain ultrasound diffraction tomography (2002)

Extensions of a time-domain diffraction tomography method, which reconstructs spatially dependent sound speed variations from far-field time-domain acoustic scattering measurements, are presented and analyzed. The resulting reconstructions are quantitative images with applications including ultrasonic mammography, and can also be considered candidate solutions to the time-domain inverse scattering problem. Here, the linearized time-domain inverse scattering problem is shown to have no general solution for finite signal bandwidth. However, an approximate solution to the linearized problem is constructed using a simple delay-and-sum method analogous to "gold standard" ultrasonic beamforming. The form of this solution suggests that the full nonlinear inverse scattering problem can be approximated by applying appropriate angle- and space-dependent time shifts to the time-domain scattering data; this analogy leads to a general approach to aberration correction. Two related methods for aberration correction are presented: one in which delays are computed from estimates of the medium using an efficient straight-ray approximation, and one in which delays are applied directly to a time-dependent linearized reconstruction. Numerical results indicate that these correction methods achieve substantial quality improvements for imaging of large scatterers. The parametric range of applicability for the time-domain diffraction tomography method is increased by about a factor of 2 by aberration correction.
Dual characteristic of trace rare earth elements in a commercial casting Al–Cu–X alloy (2014)

Abstract The effect of rare earth elements on microstructure and mechanical properties of casting Al–Cu–X alloy (X = Mn, Ti, V, Cd, Zr) was investigated in as‐cast and T6 conditions. Microstructure evolution was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. RE‐containing intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed in this alloy were indentified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It is shown that the additions of RE (60Ce–40La, wt%) result in the formation of Ce‐rich blocky‐shaped Al 20 (Ti, V) 2 RE and La‐rich skeletal‐shaped Al 8 Cu 4 RE. Tensile results of samples after T6 treatment indicate that the strength and ductility increase slightly to 480 MPa and 9.7 %, respectively, with RE content increasing from 0 wt% to 0.3 wt%. This is due to the combinative hardening effects of reduced grain size, enhanced precipitation of θ′ (Al 2 Cu) phase and Al 20 Cu 2 Mn 3 dispersed particles, and minor La‐rich IMCs at the grain boundaries of α‐Al dendrites. The decrease of strength of 0.5 wt% RE‐added sample is ascribed to the aggregation of Al 20 (Ti, V) 2 RE IMCs inside the grains. The dual characteristic of rare earth elements was also discussed in terms of its positive and negative effects on mechanical properties.
Rights Protection of Trajectory Datasets (2008)

This work presents a technique of convincingly claiming ownership rights over a trajectory dataset. The presented methodology distorts imperceptibly a collection of sequences, effectively embedding a secret key, while retaining as well as possible the neighborhood of each object, which is vital for operations such as similarity search, classification or clustering.
Ethanol metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and its possible consequences. (1994)

Ethanol is oxidised not only in the liver, but also in the gastrointestinal tract. Although this ethanol metabolism is less than that of the liver, it has some important relevance with respect to the first pass metabolism of alcohol and to ethanol induced tissue toxicity. In the gastrointestinal tract, ethanol can be metabolised not only in the mucosal cell via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and microsomal ethanol oxidising system (MEOS), but also in a great variety of bacteria. Depending on the gastrointestinal location, one or the other metabolic pathway of alcohol may be predominant. The metabolism of ethanol by gastric ADH, the so called first pass metabolism, influences ethanol blood concentrations not only in the portal vein and thus in the liver, but also in the systemic circulation. As gastric ADH activity is decreased in younger women, in the elderly, in the alcoholic, during fasting and after treatment with certain H-2-receptor antagonists, increased blood ethanol concentrations may occur in these situations after oral intake of ethanol. However, this first pass metabolism of alcohol is influenced not only by ADH activity but also by the speed of gastric emptying (e.g. slow gastric emptying leads to increased first pass metabolism). Finally, gastric morphology also determines first pass metabolism. Chronic atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori associated gastric injury lead to a decrease of gastric ADH activity, and thus possibly to a decreased first pass metabolism of alcohol. In addition, the local production of acetaldehyde from ethanol in the oesophagus, where significantly more sigma-ADH is present, may contribute to tissue injury and this may lead to the well known ethanol associated oesophageal cancer development. Various isoenzymes of ADH exist in the colorectum and they are also capable of producing acetaldehyde in amounts sufficient to injure the mucosa. Besides ADH, the MEOS, a mixed function oxidase, also metabolises ethanol. This system is inducible by chronic alcohol consumption and is involved in the metabolism of various xenobiotics including drugs and procarcinogens. Thus, an increased activation of dietary procarcinogens by this enzyme system may also contribute to carcinogenesis in the alcoholic. Finally, a great variety of gastrointestinal bacteria are capable of metabolising ethanol to acetaldehyde. This is possibly of major importance in the colorectum where faecal bacteria, especially anaerobes in the rectum, can produce high amounts of acetaldehyde, and this correlates with mucosal hyperregeneration suggesting an acetaldehyde mediated mucosal damage.
Titanium trichloride reduction of substituted N-hydroxy-2-azetidinones and other hydroxamic acids (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitanium trichloride reduction of substituted N-hydroxy-2-azetidinones and other hydroxamic acidsPhillip G. Mattingly and Marvin J. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 3, 410–415Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01291a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01291a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1616Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ergot alkaloids. 87. New ergolines as selective dopaminergic stimulants (1978)

A new two-step sequence for the epimerization of methyl dihydrolysergate (5) at C-8 leading to methyl dihydroisolysergate (7) is presented. The latter compound was used as a starting material for the synthesis of various ergolines, of which (5R,8R,10R)-8-(cyanomethyl)-6-methylergoline (4) is a very strong and long-lasting central dopaminergic agent. Furthermore, it was found that some 8-(arylthiomethyl)-6-methyler-golenes are not able to induce apomorphine-like stereotyped behavior in normal rats but exhibit a remarkable activity in rats unilaterally lesioned by 6-OH-DA in the nigrostriatal region. Compound 4 and (5R,8R)-8-[(2-pyridyl)thiomethyl]-6-methylergolene (9) were further tested for their ability to inhibit ovum implantation and to depress serum prolactin levels in rats. Their potency was evaluated in comparison with (5R,8S,10R)-8-(cyanomethyl)-6-methylergolines (2a and 2b) and 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (1) as standards.
<b>A GFP‐mouse talin fusion protein labels plant actin filaments</b><i><b>in vivo</b></i><b>and visualizes the actin cytoskeleton in growing pollen tubes</b> (1998)

The C-terminus of mouse talin (amino acids 2345-2541) is responsible for all of the protein's f-actin binding capacity. Unlike full-length talin, the C-terminal f-actin binding domain is unable to nucleate actin polymerization. We have found that transient and stable expression of the talin actin-binding domain fused to the C-terminus of the green fluorescent protein (GFP-mTn) can visualize the actin cytoskeleton in different types of living plant cells without affecting cell morphology or function. Transiently expressed GFP-mTn co-localized with rhodamine-phalloidin in permeabilized tobacco BY-2 suspension cells, showing that the fusion protein can specifically label the plant actin cytoskeleton. Constitutive expression of GFP-mTn in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants visualized actin filaments in all examined tissues with no apparent effects on plant morphology or development at any stage during the life cycle. This demonstrates that in a number of different cell types GFP-mTn can serve as a non-invasive marker for the actin cytoskeleton. Confocal imaging of GFP-mTn labeled actin filaments was employed to reveal novel information on the in vivo organization of the actin cytoskeleton in transiently transformed, normally elongating tobacco pollen tubes.
Inferring Streaming Video Quality from Encrypted Traffic: Practical Models and Deployment Experience (2019)

International audience
Investigation of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (2000)

This consensus document provides an up-to-date account of the various methods available for the investigation of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs (CVI), with an outline of their history, usefulness, and limitations. CVI is characterized by symptoms or signs produced by venous hypertension as a result of structural or functional abnormalities of veins. The most frequent causes of CVI are primary abnormalities of the venous wall and the valves and secondary changes due to previous venous thrombosis that can lead to reflux, obstruction, or both. Because the history and clinical examination will not always indicate the nature and extent of the underlying abnormality (anatomic extent, pathology, and cause), a number of diagnostic investigations have been developed that can elucidate whether there is calf muscle pump dysfunction and determine the anatomic extent and severity of obstruction or reflux. The difficulty in deciding which investigations to use and how to interpret the results has stimulated the development of this consensus document. The aim of this document was to provide an account of these tests, with an outline of their usefulness and limitations and indications of which patients should be subjected to the tests and when and of what clinical decisions can be made. This document was written primarily for the clinician who would like to learn the latest approaches to the investigation of patients with CVI and the new applications that have emerged from recent research, as well as for the novice who is embarking on venous research. Care has been taken to indicate which methods have entered the clinical arena and which are mainly used for research. The foundation for this consensus document was laid by the faculty at a meeting held under the auspices of the American Venous Forum, the Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust, the European Society of Vascular Surgery, the International Angiology Scientific Activity Congress Organization, the International Union of Angiology, and the Union Internationale de Phlebologie at the Abbaye des Vaux de Cernay, France, on March 5 to 9, 1997. Subsequent input by co-opted faculty members and revisions in 1998 and 1999 have ensured a document that provides an up-to-date account of the various methods available for the investigation of CVI.
Investigation of wide bandwidth HF radar waveforms (1995)

Reports progress in an investigation of wide bandwidth waveforms giving improved range resolution but with discontinuous spectra. The objective is to have a signal occupying a large section of the HF band, but interrupted at several frequencies where other uses are present. The main reasons for using a discontinuous spectrum is to prevent the radar transmissions from disrupting other users and to prevent other signal traffic appearing as large spectral noise spikes in the radar receiver. (8 pages)
Probiotics: Considerations for Human Health (2003)

Evidence for the role of probiotics in maintenance of health or prevention of disease is mounting and is supported in some cases by blinded, placebo-controlled human trials. Today, in an era of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and other looming microbial threats, the value of prevention of infection is recognized. Probiotics may play an important role in helping the body protect itself from infection, especially along the colonized mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic products are available in many different forms worldwide, including pills, powders, foods, and infant formula. In some cases, general health claims are made that cannot be substantiated for the specific strains and levels being used and consumers must therefore beware.