gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Meetings Handbook (2012)

The Meetings Handbook: Formal Rules and Informal Processes is a comprehensive manual to the rules and formal procedures of meetings, as well as a useful guide to understanding the informal processes that underlie their success. The handbook explains the formal issues of meeting processes, including the setting of agendas and the putting forward of formal motions, and canvasses informal aspects such as preparatory work and the reading of participants nonverbal messages. It also offers insight into how to chair meetings, as well as guidance on how to deal with those who seek to subvert the formal rules. A unique accompaniment to the more conventional legal books, which act as good formal guides, The Meetings Handbook also provides supplementary examples of constitutions, agendas, minutes and an ethical code. In order to make the material readily useable, the book is divided into sections that may act as stand-alone guides to specific meetings issues and strategies, thus making it the perfect tool for the busy professional.
Non-uniformities in thin-film cadmium telluride solar cells using electroluminescence and photoluminescence (2011)

It is the purpose of this research to develop specific imaging techniques that have the potential to be fast, inline tools for quality control in thin-film CdTe solar cells. Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) are two techniques that are currently under investigation on CdTe small area devices made at Colorado State University. It is our hope to significantly advance the understanding of EL and PL measurements as applied to CdTe. Qualitative analysis of defects and non-uniformities is underway on CdTe using EL, PL, and other imaging techniques.
Histological evaluation of intratumoral myxoma virus treatment in an immunocompetent mouse model of melanoma (2013)

Two recombinant myxoma viruses (MYXV expressing a fluorescent protein [MYXV-Tred] and MYXV-Tred encoding murine interleukin-15 [MYXV-IL15]) were evaluated for therapeutic effects in an aggressive B16F10 melanoma model in immunocompetent mice. It was hypothesized that continuous expression of IL-15 within a tumor would recruit cytotoxic effector cells to induce an antitumor immune response and improve treatment efficacy. Weekly intratumoral injections were given to evaluate the effect of treatment on the median survival time of C57BL/6 mice bearing established B16F10 melanomas. Mice that received MYXV-Tred or MYXV-IL15 lived significantly longer than mice given treatment controls. Unexpectedly, the median survival time of MYXV-IL15-treated mice was similar to that of MYXV-treated mice. At 1, 2, and 4 days postinoculation, viral plaque assays detected replicating MYXV-Tred and MYXV-IL15 within treated tumors. At these time points in MYXV-IL15-treated tumors, IL-15 concentration, lymphocyte grades, and cluster of differentiation-3+ cell counts were significantly increased when compared to other treatment groups. However, viral titers, recombinant protein expression, and lymphocyte numbers within the tumors diminished rapidly at 7 days postinoculation. These data indicate that treatment with recombinant MYXV should be repeated at least every 4 days to maintain recombinant protein expression within a murine tumor. Additionally, neutrophilic inflammation was significantly increased in MYXV-Tred- and MYXV-IL15-treated tumors at early time points. It is speculated that neutrophilic inflammation induced by intratumoral replication of recombinant MXYV contributes to the antitumoral effect of MYXV treatment in this melanoma model. These findings support the inclusion of neutrophil chemotaxins in recombinant poxvirus oncolytic virotherapy.
Reference Intervals: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Challenges (2016)

A reference interval (RI)10 is a standard component of reporting a laboratory result and is important to transform a numerical value into clinically meaningful information. An RI is intended to inform the clinical care provider that laboratory values within the interval indicate a nondiseased condition. The most common approach is to base an RI on the central 95% of laboratory test values observed for a reference population that is free of diseases that influence that laboratory test result. Because many diseases are asymptomatic, it becomes difficult to qualify people for a nondiseased condition, thus biasing the selection of reference individuals. Furthermore, information on the full complement of disease conditions that influence a laboratory test may be unknown. Thus, RIs may be influenced by inappropriately selected reference populations.

Another limitation in determining an RI is obtaining an adequate sample of a reference population to make an estimate of the central 95% of results with suitable uncertainty to be meaningful for interpreting a test result. The sample size requirement becomes even larger when partitioning by sex, age, ethnicity, menstrual cycle, and other parameters is necessary for meaningful RIs. CLSI Guideline EP28-A3c describes consensus approaches and some limitations for establishing and verifying RIs. However, some of the approaches in this guideline are statistically underpowered such that uncertainties in the RIs may not be appreciated.

A particularly challenging situation is the requirement for laboratories to establish an RI for a laboratory developed measurement procedure (MP) or to verify the RIs proposed by the manufacturer of an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) MP. Identifying a suitable reference population for either requirement can be very challenging.

Evolution in laboratory practice is needed to enable appropriate RIs to be adopted by laboratories. We asked experts with different perspectives to address issues we all face in establishing or …
Role of Autophagy in Cancer: Management of Metabolic Stress (2007)

Human breast, ovarian, and prostate tumors display allelic loss of the essential autophagy gene beclin1 with high frequency, and an increase in the incidence of tumor formation is observed in beclin1(+/-) mutant mice. These findings suggest a role for beclin1 and autophagy in tumor suppression; however, the mechanism by which this occurs has been unclear. Autophagy is a bulk degradation process whereby organelles and cytoplasm are engulfed and targeted to lysosomes for proteolysis,(1,2) There is evidence that autophagy sustains cell survival during nutrient deprivation through catabolism, but also that autophagy is a means of achieving cell death when executed to completion. If or how either of these diametrically opposing functions proposed for autophagy may be related to tumor suppression is unknown. We found that metabolic stress is a potent trigger of apoptotic cell death, defects in which enable long-term survival that is dependent on autophagy both in vitro and in tumors in vivo.(3) These findings raise the conundrum whereby inactivation of a survival pathway (autophagy) promotes tumorigenesis. Interestingly, when cells with defects in apoptosis are denied autophagy, this creates the inability to tolerate metabolic stress, reduces cellular fitness, and activates a necrotic pathway to cell death. This necrosis in tumors is associated with inflammation and enhancement of tumor growth, due to the survival of a small population of surviving, but injured, cells in a microenvironment that favors oncogenesis. Thus, by sustaining metabolism through autophagy during periods of metabolic stress, cells can limit energy depletion, cellular damage, and cell death by necrosis, which may explain how autophagy can prevent cancer, and how loss of a survival function can be tumorigenic.
Compact magnetooptical disk for coded data storage (1986)

A compact magnetooptical disk having 500 times the capacity of a 13.34-cm (5.25-in.) floppy disk has been developed for use in coded data storage applications. Low error rates are attained by the use of advanced highly sensitive polarization detection optics and high-quality recording media. Progress in these fields has been based on noise analysis of readout signals. The disk drive can write and erase data by sectors and can also play current write-once-type optical disks. This disk/disk drive unit promises to lead to enhanced storage capacity and to support the current drive to enhance office automation and other information systems.
Metabolic pathway engineering based on metabolomics confers acetic and formic acid tolerance to a recombinant xylose-fermenting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2011)

Our metabolomic approach revealed one of the molecular events underlying the response to acetic acid and focuses attention on the non-oxidative PPP as a target for metabolic engineering. An important challenge for metabolic engineering is identification of gene targets that have material importance. This study has demonstrated that metabolomics is a powerful tool to develop rational strategies to confer tolerance to stress through genetic engineering.
Cellulose Acetate Decoupler for On-Column Electrochemical Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis (2001)

A new decoupler for on-column electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis is presented. The decoupler is constructed by etching a series of holes through the side of the separation capillary with a CO2 laser and then coating the holes with cellulose acetate. The decoupler shows isolation of the detection circuit for separation currents up to 30 microA. Detection limits below 1 nM were achieved for four model compounds, including anions, neutrals, and cations, using the laser-etched decoupler. This decoupler design combines excellent mechanical stability, effective shunting of high separation currents, and ease of manufacture.
Methods of isoplanatic patch widening in human eye retina imaging (2008)

We discuss possible ways to enlarge the size of high-resolution area (isoplanatic patch) in fundus imagers equipped with adaptive optics. We first developed customized human eye models of several subjects. Then we considered immersion and multiconjugate methods of isoplanatic patch widening. Using immersion method we obtained about twotimes enlargement of isoplanatic patch size for the developed eye models. For optimal configuration of a multiconjugate system with two correctors and five reference sources isoplanatic patch area increased two times if compared with the case of conventional correction. We consider immersion method to be more preferable due to its relative simplicity and low-cost.
Detection of a CO and NH3 gas mixture using carboxylic acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (2013)

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are extremely sensitive to environmental gases. However, detection of mixture gas is still a challenge. Here, we report that 10 ppm of carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH3) can be electrically detected using a carboxylic acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (C-SWCNT). CO and NH3 gases were mixed carefully with the same concentrations of 10 ppm. Our sensor showed faster response to the CO gas than the NH3 gas. The sensing properties and effect of carboxylic acid group were demonstrated, and C-SWCNT sensors with good repeatability and fast responses over a range of concentrations may be used as a simple and effective detection method of CO and NH3 mixture gas.
User interface graphically improves generator AI diagnostics (1991)

The Diagnostic Graphical User Interface (DGUI), installed at a large nuclear power plant in the midwestern United States, is described. Since 1988, the power plant has been using the Generator Artificial Intelligence Diagnostics (GenAID) system, which provides online diagnostic capability for the generator and generator auxiliaries through a plant data center and communication link to the diagnostic operations center. The graphical interface represents a significant improvement over existing technology by providing the power plant control room operator with the capability of interacting directly with the diagnostic system. Providing the operator with the key variables that support a diagnosis made by the expert system increases the operator's understanding and confidence in the diagnosis. Recommendations are provided by the system to guide operator actions. Trending capability is provided for operator-selectable sensor points. The highlighted areas on the graphic screens provide identification of problem components in the system equipment being diagnosed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure-Activity Relationship of Caffeoylquinic Acids on the Accelerating Activity on ATP Production (2011)

Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) is one of the phenylpropanoids which have various bioactivities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antihistamic, and other biological effects. We previously reported that 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid inhibited amyloid β(1-42)-induced cellular toxicity on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and increased the mRNA expression level of glycolytic enzymes and the intracellular ATP level. To investigate structure-activity relationship on the accelerating activity on ATP production, we synthesized 1,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and other derivatives. Additionally, we evaluated intracellular ATP level in SH-SY5Y treated with each CQA derivative. As a result, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid showed the highest accelerating activity on ATP production among tested compounds. It was suggested that caffeoyl groups bound to quinic acid are important for activity and the more caffeoyl groups are bound to quinic acid, the higher accelerating activity on ATP production exhibits.
Perfluorovinyl Morpholine and Perfluorovinyl Pyrrolidine with Nucleophiles and Electrophiles (1995)

Abstract In this study, both monofunctional and bifunctional nucleophiles, as well as the electrophile FNO, are reacted with perfluorovinyl amines. The perfluorovinyl amines CFCF 2 and CFCF 2 have been reacted with dimethylamine and diethylamine in the presence of small amounts of water to give CHFC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ( 1 ), CHFC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ( 2 ), and CHFC(O)N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ( 3 ). With perfluorovinyl pyrrolidine and perfluorovinyl morpholine, ethanolamine gives the cyclized products CHF ( 4 ) and CHF ( 5 ), respectively. Reaction of the vinyl amines with (CH 3 ) 3 SiOCH 2 CF 3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of CsF results in the formation of cis‐ ( 6 ) and trans‐ ( 7 ) CFCF(OCH 2 CF 3 ) and cis‐ ( 8 ) and trans‐ ( 9 ) CFCF(OCH 2 CF 3 ). The electrophile FNO reacts slowly with perfluorovinyl pyrrolidine and perfluorovinyl morpholine, and more rapidly with (CF 3 ) 3 CCFCF 2 to give CF(NO)CF 3 ( 10 ), CF(NO)CF 3 ( 11 ) and (CF 3 ) 3 CF(NO)CF 3 ( 12 ), respectively. Single crystal X‐ray analysis is used to confirm the identity of the product obtained from the controlled hydrolysis of the sultone of perfluorovinyl pyrrolidine as the sulfonic acid anhydride C(O)CF 2 OS(O) 2 OCF 2 C(O) ( 13 ). The X‐ray crystal structure of perfluorosuccinic acid monohydrate ( 14 ), which is obtained when the perfluorovinyl pyrrolidine sultone is hydrolyzed in excess water, is also reported for the first time.
Facial Expressions of Emotion (1979)

A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
<title>Epitaxial growth of p+ silicon on a backside-thinned CCD for enhanced UV response</title> (1992)

We have used low temperature molecular beam epitaxy to grow p+ silicon on a backside-thinned Reticon 512x5 12 CCD. The techniques for preparing the CCD for the growth and the processing conditions are discussed. A 50 A layer of silicon doped with 3x102 B/cm3 was grown at a substrate temperature of 450C. The ultraviolet quantum efficiency of the modified CCD was significantly higher than that of a CCD with an untreated back surface. Charging the back surface of the modified CCD with a Uv flood did not affect the quantum efficiency indicating that the bands were pinned by the added p+ layer. Gold contamination measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry to have a concentration of 1 x 1 0 18 cm3 near the back surface caused the UV quantum efficiency to be lower than optimum by reducing the minority carrier lifetime. 2.
Microsoft Windows XP Unleashed (2005)

While what you create using your computer is a unique expression of who you are, how you use your computer probably isn't. Nearly every Windows XP user follows the same Start menu path to launch programs, uses the same standard techniques in programs like Windows Explorer and Outlook Express, and performs the same customizations that don't go much beyond changing the wallpaper. However, there are those of us who qualify as the post-novice user, who think that doing things the official way is too slow, less efficient and less powerful than there is potential for with Windows XP. Microsoft Windows XP Unleashed will take you beyond the standard-issue default settings and program wizards to shortcuts, new customization techniques, workarounds for common problems, and warnings on how to avoid the pitfalls of Windows XP, including those associated with Service Pack 2. Along the way, you'll learn about all kinds of insider details, undocumented features, powerful tools, and background facts that help put everything about Windows XP into perspective.
Key factors in the acquisition of contrast kinetic data for oncology (1999)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has recently emerged as a promising method for both diagnosis and prognosis of cancer despite considerable variation in both the methods of data acquisition and analysis. Both to facilitate integration of results from multiple institutions and to ensure that the data reflect the underlying physiology as accurately as possible, several aspects of data acquisition should be taken into account when developing protocols for DCE-MRI regardless of how the data are analyzed. Among the relevant issues are the relationship between signal enhancement and contrast agent concentration, intra- or inter-patient variation in the blood contrast agent concentration as a function of time, requirements for spatial and temporal resolution, the impact of tumor heterogeneity, and the impact of patient motion during the study. This review considers these factors and, when possible, makes specific recommendations for addressing them experimentally.
Sublethal concentrations of the platinum(II) complex [Pt(<i>O</i>,<i>O</i>′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)] alter the motility and induce anoikis in MCF‐7 cells (2010)

Sublethal concentrations of [Pt(O,O'-acac)(gamma-acac)(DMS)] induced anoikis and prevented events leading to metastasis via alterations in cell migration, anchorage independency, stromal interactions and MMP activity. Hence, [Pt(O,O'-acac)(gamma-acac)(DMS)] may be a promising therapeutic agent for preventing growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
Automatic vehicle location techniques for law enforcement use (1974)

Radiolocation Systems 7.3.1 Phase Tr i I aterat I on 26 7.3.2 Pulse Tr i I aterat i on 7.3.3 Navigation Systems 27 8.
Wellbore Instability Analysis for Highly Fractured Carbonate Gas Reservoir from Geomechanics Prospective, Saudi Arabia Case Study (2014)

Abstract A major challenge facing the oil and gas drilling operations is mitigating the encountered wellbore instability issues. Those can vary from loss circulations up to having stuck pipes or tools that may jeopardize well integrity and potentially lead to total loss of wells and assets. These problematic situations are even much more complicated in fractured reservoir environments where predicting the fracture density is important. Analyzing such problems is critical for companies especially in developing offshore fields where one day lost time is in hundreds of thousands of dollars. The field of rock mechanics emerged to connect those phenomena to reservoir rock properties and stress profiles. Coupling this with an intensive analysis of drilling parameters, logging, core testing and other existing wells data builds a work frame that helps in understanding the reasons behind wellbore failures and providing solutions to them. The field under investigation is a highly geo-pressured offshore gas field. The field development called for drilling vertical and deviated wells. During the field increment sever loss circulation were encountered that resulted in lost drilling times estimated in millions of US dollars with rig cost up $ 200,000/Day. Other drilling failures includes, stuck drill pipe and difficulties with logging response and log interpretation. The objective of this study is to investigate the wellbore instability during drilling operations as function of rock properties, in-situ earth stress and drilling parameters. Emphasis on the role of natural fractures density will be highlighted and included in modeling inputs as well as characterizing its density across the field. During the course of the study, existing field's and drilled wells available data will be analyzed and a simulation models will be utilized to simulate the stress profiles in the field. Based on the results, the factors behind the instability issues in the field will be identified and recommendations will be made for future wells drilling programs.
A Serine Carboxypeptidase-Like Acyltransferase Is Required for Synthesis of Antimicrobial Compounds and Disease Resistance in Oats   (2009)

Serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins have recently emerged as a new group of plant acyltransferases. These enzymes share homology with peptidases but lack protease activity and instead are able to acylate natural products. Several SCPL acyltransferases have been characterized to date from dicots, including an enzyme required for the synthesis of glucose polyesters that may contribute to insect resistance in wild tomato (Solanum pennellii) and enzymes required for the synthesis of sinapate esters associated with UV protection in Arabidopsis thaliana. In our earlier genetic analysis, we identified the Saponin-deficient 7 (Sad7) locus as being required for the synthesis of antimicrobial triterpene glycosides (avenacins) and for broad-spectrum disease resistance in diploid oat (Avena strigosa). Here, we report on the cloning of Sad7 and show that this gene encodes a functional SCPL acyltransferase, SCPL1, that is able to catalyze the synthesis of both N-methyl anthraniloyl- and benzoyl-derivatized forms of avenacin. Sad7 forms part of an operon-like gene cluster for avenacin synthesis. Oat SCPL1 (SAD7) is the founder member of a subfamily of monocot-specific SCPL proteins that includes predicted proteins from rice (Oryza sativa) and other grasses with potential roles in secondary metabolism and plant defense.