gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective [1,4]-Hydrovinylation of 1,3-Dienes with Unactivated Olefins Enabled by Iron Diimine Catalysts (2018)

The selective, intermolecular [1,4]-hydrovinylation of conjugated dienes with unactivated α-olefins catalyzed by α-diimine iron complexes is described. Value-added "skipped" diene products were obtained with exclusive [1,4]-selectivity, and the formation of branched, ( Z)-olefin products was observed with no evidence for alkene isomerization. Mechanistic studies conducted with the well-defined, single-component iron precatalyst (<sup>Mes</sup>DI)Fe(COD) (<sup>Mes</sup>DI = [2,4,6-Me<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-N═CMe]<sub>2</sub>); COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) provided insights into the origin of the high selectivity. An iron diene complex was identified as the catalyst resting state, and one such isoprene complex, (<sup>iPr</sup>DI)Fe(η<sup>4</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub>), was isolated and characterized. A combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction, Mößbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations established that the complex is best described as a high-spin Fe(I) center ( S<sub>Fe</sub> = 3/2) engaged in antiferromagnetic coupling to an α-diimine radical anion ( S<sub>DI</sub> = -1/2), giving rise to the observed S = 1 ground state. Deuterium-labeling experiments and kinetic analyses of the catalytic reaction provided support for a pathway involving oxidative cyclization of an alkene with the diene complex to generate an iron metallacycle. The observed selectivity can be understood in terms of competing steric interactions in the transition states for oxidative cyclization and subsequent β-hydrogen elimination.
Integrated Media Operations in an Academic Library: A Profile. (1985)

Philosophie generale de l'integration de la gestion des documents audio-visuels dans l'ensemble de la gestion des bibliotheques universitaires. Exemples de mise en application de cette philosophie
A hybrid voltage-variable capacitor (1971)

A new voltage-variable tuning capacitor is described. Using conventional fabrication techniques, metal-insulator-semiconductor and p-n junction structures are combined to obtain the high voltage sensitivity and low capacitance tolerances required to tune the AM broadcast band. Other potential applications are cited. A simple theory of operation based on nonequilibrium conditions is given together with experimental verification. Devices fabricated with a 530-Å-thick SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> insulator on n/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> epitaxial silicon exhibit capacitance ratios of 15:1 in 14 V with a minimum Q of 170. The reverse current is two orders of magnitude higher than expected. This is attributed to growth defects in the epitaxial layer which give rise to a low minority carrier lifetime τ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ∼0.1 µs and a high surface recombination velocity S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> ∼500 cm/s.
Elastic Energy Stores in Running Vertebrates (1984)

Large mammals save much of the energy they would otherwise need for running by means of elastic structures in their legs. Kinetic and potential energy, lost at one stage of a stride, is stored temporarily as elastic strain energy and returned later in an elastic recoil. At high speeds, men and kangaroos seem to save in this way more than half the metabolic energy they would otherwise need for locomotion. It is shown by means of a generalized model that muscles and tendons could both be important as elastic energy stores. Analysis of films and force records of kangaroos hopping shows that strain energy stored while the feet are on the ground must be stored mainly distal to the knee. The principal muscles there have short fibres, and most of the storage must be in tendons. Investigation of camels shows that tendons in the feet, distal to the ankle and wrist, are especially important. The scope for elastic storage while the feet are off the groundis also considered. Though the evidence presented in this paper comes mainly from a few species, the conclusions presumably apply to large mammals in general.
INHIBITION OF LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAL GROWTH BY (1978)

Four classes of cotton constituents -- condensed tannins, flavonoids, terpene aldehydes and cyclopropenoid fatty acids -- were isolated from leaves and parts of squares and fed to Lepidopterous larvae in an artificial diet. The ED~0 required for growth inhibition of Heliothis virescens, H. zea and Pectinophora gossypiella larvae ranged from 0.1 per cent to 0.7 per cent of the weight of the diet. The relationship of insect/host plant interactions to where and when cotton allelochemicals occur is discussed. The economic importance of the cotton plant makes a study of the phytochemical bases of insect/plant interactions not only of interest, but also of potential value in crop protection. This paper outlines effects of four types of cotton constituents, viz., condensed tannins, flavonoids, terpene aldehydes and cyclopropenoid fatty acids, upon the larvae of Heliothis virescens (F.), H. zea (Boddie) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). We discuss the insect/plant interactions in relation to when and where cotton allelochemicals and insects occur.
<i>In vitro</i> microbial inhibition, bonding strength, and cellular response to novel gelatin–alginate antibiotic‐releasing soft tissue adhesives (2014)

Tissue bioadhesives have raised interest in the last few decades as an alternative to sutures or staples in wound closing applications because of various advantages. They are less time consuming, less painful, and can be less expensive, without compromising the cosmetic outcome. Even though extensive efforts have been made, an ideal tissue adhesive has not been developed to date, mostly because of toxicity or weak bonding strength issues. Novel bioadhesives comprised gelatin and alginate with carbodiimide ( N ‐ethyl‐ N ‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide [EDC]) as the cross‐linking agent were recently developed by our research group. In the current research, N ‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was added to the cross‐linking reaction to enable a decrease in the EDC content and therefore also the cytotoxicity, without decreasing the bonding strength. The antibiotic drug clindamycin was added to the bioadhesive formulation. It was selected because of being inert toward the cross‐linking reaction. The effects of EDC, NHS, and clindamycin concentrations on the ex vivo bonding strength, drug release profile, and fibroblast viability, as well as the microbial inhibition, were studied. Incorporation of clindamycin was found to improve the bonding strength of the adhesive. Its release profile was highly effective against the two relevant bacterial strains, Staphylococcus albus and Staphylococcus aureus , which were eradicated within less than 48 h. The good cytotoxicity results indicate that our new antibiotic‐eluting bioadhesives represent an effective and selective treatment option for bacterial infections. Delivering an antibiotic drug locally using our bioadhesive could decrease the risk of infections and increase the therapeutic effect of the bioadhesive itself. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1/CXCL12 Stimulates Chemorepulsion of NOD/LtJ T-Cell Adhesion to Islet Microvascular Endothelium (2007)

In this study, we have identified a previously unknown novel function of SDF-1 in negatively regulating NOD/LtJ diabetogenic T-cell adhesion, which may be important in regulating diabetogenic T-cell recruitment into islets.
Human Papillomavirus Type 31b Infection of Human Keratinocytes Does Not Require Heparan Sulfate (2005)

Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are difficult to study experimentally as they replicate at low levels in vivo. This has precluded the purification of high-risk HPV virions from in vivo lesions. Virus-like particles (VLPs) and pseudovirions from low- and high-risk HPV types can emulate various aspects of HPV virion attachment and infections. These studies suggest that HPV infection is mediated by alpha6-integrin and/or heparan-sulfonated receptors. However, whether VLPs and pseudovirions accurately reflect the infection process of HPV virions has not been verified. We generated infectious HPV31b virions from organotypic (raft) tissues and performed experimental infections in a variety of cells. Successful infection following viral attachment, internalization, and nuclear transport was assayed by detecting newly synthesized, spliced HPV transcripts using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR or RT-quantitative PCR. Most human epithelial cells were infected with HPV31b at a multiplicity of infection as low as 1 to 10 viral genome equivalents per cell. HPV31b infection was detected in other cell lines, including COS-7 monkey kidney cells, but higher viral multiplicities of infection were required. Heparin preparations of various molecular weights or heparinase I treatment of cells prevented HPV31b infection of COS-7 cells and C-33A human cervical cancer cells in reproducible and dose-dependent manners. However, these reagents were unable to block infection of human keratinocytes, including HaCaT and N/TERT-1 cells and low-passage human foreskin keratinocytes. These data suggest that HPV31b infection of human keratinocytes, the natural host cell for HPV infections in vivo, does not require a heparan-sulfonated receptor, whereas heparan sulfate is important for infection of some other cells.
Calicheamicins, a novel family of antitumor antibiotics. 3. Isolation, purification and characterization of calicheamicins .BETA.1Br, .GAMMA.1Br, .ALPHA.2I, .ALPHA.3I, .BETA.1I, .GAMMA.1I and .DELTA.1I. (1989)

Novel antitumor antibiotics, calicheamicins beta 1Br, gamma 1Br, alpha 2I, alpha 3I, beta 1I, gamma 1I and delta 1I were recovered from the fermentation broth of Micromonospora echinospora ssp. calichensis by solvent extraction, selective precipitation, normal phase, reversed phase and partition chromatography. The individual components were characterized by their UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data.
Democracy in Normatively Fragmented Societies - Jürgen Habermas: Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1996. Pp. xliii, 631. $40.00.) (1997)

Democracy in Normatively Fragmented Societies - Jürgen Habermas: Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1996. Pp. xliii, 631. $40.00.) - Volume 59 Issue 4
Effect of extended photoperiod during winter on growth and onset of puberty in Murrah buffalo heifers (2016)

Extending the photoperiod by artificial light for 4 h during winter season resulted in better growth rate and early onset of puberty in Murrah buffalo heifers.
Isolation and expression of a sterol carrier protein‐2 gene from the yellow fever mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (2003)

Trafficking of cholesterol in insects is a very important process due to the fact that insects depend on dietary cholesterol to fulfil their physiological needs. We identified a putative mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) cDNA from fourth instar subtracted cDNA library. The AeSCP-2 protein has high degree homology in the sterol transfer domain to both rat and human SCP-2. Transcripts of AeSCP-2 in fourth instars were detected strongly in the midgut, and weakly in the head and hindgut. In the early pupae, AeSCP-2 transcription was observed in the thorax, head and body wall of abdomen, but not in the gut. The interaction of mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 (AeSCP-2) with cholesterol was examined. The Kd of purified recombinant AeSCP-2 to cholesterol was 5.6 +/- 0.6 x 10-9 m using radiolabelled cholesterol-binding assay. The results suggest that AeSCP-2 has high affinity to cholesterol and may function as a carrier protein in mosquitoes.
A single-chip concatenated FEC decoder (2002)

A single chip decoder, which implements the concatenated forward error correction functions for a digital satellite receiver system, has been designed. The functions include Viterbi decoding, convolutional deinterleaving, Reed-Solomon decoding, data stream synchronization and descrambling. The device has been fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS cell-based technology and is fully functional at data rates of 73 Mbits/sec at 70/spl deg/C and 4.75 V.
Processing Strategies to Improve Cell-Level Energy Density of Metal Sulfide Electrolyte-Based All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries and Beyond (2020)

All-solid-state Li metal batteries (ASLBs) have the potential to surpass the energy density of commercial Li ion batteries and improve safety. However, most reported ASLBs deliver unsatisfactory cell-level energy densities, which are significantly affected by cell configuration. Therefore, for the first time, this Review summarized the processing of ASLBs toward cell-level high energy, with a focus on using sulfide solid-state electrolytes (SEs). We comprehensively analyzed the effects of the cathode, electrolyte, and Li metal anode on the energy density. Different strategies for the fabrication of thick cathode, thin electrolyte, and thin Li metal were systematically introduced, and their corresponding merits and challenges were summarized. In addition, the architectural design of ASLBs was discussed. Furthermore, we covered the most recent developments for other promising electrolytes. Finally, perspectives on the design of high-energy ASLBs toward practical applications were introduced.
Combining small molecules for cell reprogramming through an interatomic analysis (2013)

The knowledge available about the application and generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has grown since their discovery, and new techniques to enhance the reprogramming process have been described. Among the new approaches to induce iPSC that have gained great attention is the use of small molecules for reprogramming. The application of small molecules, unlike genetic manipulation, provides for control of the reprogramming process through the shifting of concentrations and the combination of different molecules. However, different researchers have reported the use of "reprogramming cocktails" with variable results and drug combinations. Thus, the proper combination of small molecules for successful and enhanced reprogramming is a matter for discussion. However, testing all potential drug combinations in different cell lineages is very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, in this article, we discuss the use of already employed molecules for iPSC generation, followed by the application of systems chemo-biology tools to create different data sets of protein-protein (PPI) and chemical-protein (CPI) interaction networks based on the knowledge of already used and new reprogramming cocktail combinations. We further analyzed the biological processes associated with PPI-CPI networks and provided new potential protein targets to be inhibited or expressed for stem cell reprogramming. In addition, we applied a new interference analysis to prospective targets that could negatively affect the classical pluripotency-associated factors (SOX2, NANOG, KLF4 and OCT4) and thus potentially improve reprogramming protocols.
Analysis of interaction between the Arthrobacter sarcosine oxidase and the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide by site-directed mutagenesis (1996)

Sarcosine oxidase from Arthrobacter sp. TE1826 (SoxA) tightly binds with the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The amino-terminal region of this enzyme was recognized as a part of the FAD-binding domain by homology search analysis. Comparison with other structurally well-known flavoproteins suggested that the aspartate residue at position 35 (D-35) and the motif sequence (six residues at positions 12 to 17) were important for the interaction with FAD. Site-directed mutagenesis of each position was performed, and mutant SoxAs were purified and characterized. When D-35 was substituted with glutamate, asparagine, and alanine, it was indicated that the carboxyl group of the side chain interacted with FAD. Changes in the enzyme-bound FAD were also observed from the altered spectral profiles. Thirteen mutant SoxAs were obtained by replacing amino acids in the motif sequence. Most of them showed inhibited or remarkably decreased sarcosine oxidase activity, and their spectral profiles were altered. However, some of them were reactivated by chloride ion. Their spectral profiles also became close to that of wild type in the presence of chloride ion. These results strongly suggest that the inhibition of interaction of enzyme with FAD was caused by the substitution in the motif and that it could be recovered under different conditions.
Weak Electromagnetic Fields Potentiate the Effects of 4-Aminopyridine in Multiple Sclerosis (1996)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: Electromagnetic fields4-aminopyridinemultiple sclerosis
Profiling the Impact of Medium Formulation on Morphology and Functionality of Primary Hepatocytes in vitro (2013)

The characterization of fully-defined in vitro hepatic culture systems requires testing of functional and morphological variables to obtain the optimal trophic support, particularly for cell therapeutics including bioartificial liver systems (BALs). Using serum-free fully-defined culture medium formulations, we measured synthetic, detoxification and metabolic variables of primary porcine hepatocytes (PPHs)--integrated these datasets using a defined scoring system and correlated this hepatocyte biological activity index (HBAI) with morphological parameters. Hepatic-specific functions exceeded those of both primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) and HepaRG cells, whilst retaining biotransformation potential and in vivo-like ultrastructural morphology, suggesting PPHs as a potential surrogate for PHHs in various biotech applications. The HBAI permits assessment of global functional capacity allowing the rational choice of optimal trophic support for a defined operational task (including BALs, hepatocellular transplantation, and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) drug metabolism studies), mitigates risk associated with sub-optimal culture systems, and reduces time and cost of research and therapeutic applications.
A Carpooling Recommendation System for Taxicab Services (2014)

Carpooling taxicab services hold the promise of providing additional transportation supply, especially in the extreme weather or rush hour when regular taxicab services are insufficient. Although many recommendation systems about regular taxicab services have been proposed recently, little research, if any, has been done to assist passengers to find a successful taxicab ride with carpooling. In this paper, we present the first systematic work to design a unified recommendation system for both the regular and carpooling services, called CallCab, based on a data-driven approach. In response to a passenger's real-time request, CallCab aims to recommend either: 1) a vacant taxicab for a regular service with no detour or 2) an occupied taxicab heading to the similar direction for a carpooling service with the minimum detour, yet without assuming any knowledge of destinations of passengers already in taxicabs. To analyze these unknown destinations of occupied taxicabs, CallCab generates and refines taxicab trip distributions based on GPS data sets and context information collected in the existing taxicab infrastructure. To improve CallCab's efficiency to process such a big data set, we augment the efficient MapReduce model with a Measure phase tailored for our CallCab. Finally, we design a reciprocal price mechanism to facilitate the taxicab carpooling implementation in the real world. We evaluate CallCab with a real-world data set of 14000 taxicabs, and results show that compared with the ground truth, CallCab reduces 60% of the total mileage to deliver all passengers and 41% of passenger's waiting time. Our price mechanism reduces 23% of passengers' fares and increases 28% of drivers' profits simultaneously.
Novel eddy current testing sensor for the inspection of printed circuit boards (2001)

This paper presents a novel eddy-current testing (ECT) sensor for the inspection of printed circuit board (PCB), which detects trace damages on PCB conductors. The sensor is composed of a meander-exciting coil and three solenoid pick-up coils. Application of three pick-up coils increases the speed of the inspection process. Information about defects can be extracted either from an amplitude or a phase of a signal obtained during the inspection. A visualization process was provided using the amplitude data. The structure of the ECT sensor and principles of detection, as well as experimental results, are presented.
Enhancing Tourism Destination Accessibility in Developing Countries through Virtual Worlds (2013)

The problem of destination accessibility is a vital concern in the sustainable tourism development in the emerging regions due to the increasing numbers of tourism business growth in the recent times. Tourism is one of the potential foreign exchange earning sectors, which place sustainability as one of the main success metrics for benchmarking the overall development of the industry. On the other hand, there are several destinations, which are inaccessible to tourists due to several reasons. Underutilization of potential destinations in both pre purchase and consumption stages is a strategic disadvantage for emerging countries on leading their tourism industry towards sustainability. This research embarks on a content analysis of second life based tourism groups and places. Requirement of a virtual world model to increase the destination accessibility of tourism products has been outlined. The model has to be designed with visual and auditory experience to tourists. The model is expected to enhance the accessibility of destinations for users of different categories.
Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of c-erbB-2 in breast cancer cells by flavopiridol. (2000)

Flavopiridol is a flavone that inhibits several cyclin-dependent kinases and exhibits potent growth-inhibitory activity against a number of human tumor cell lines, both in vitro and when grown as xenografts in mice. It is presently being investigated as a novel antineoplastic agent in the primary screen conducted by the Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute. Because breast cancer is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the United States, we investigated whether flavopiridol could be an effective agent against a series of isogenic breast- cancer cell lines having different levels of erbB-2 expression and differential invasion and metastatic characteristics. Flavopiridol was found to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-435 (parental) and 435.eB (stable transfectants) cells that were established by transfecting c-erbB-2 cDNA into MDA-MB-435. Induction of apoptosis was also observed in these cell lines when treated with flavopiridol, as measured by DNA laddering, PARP, and CPP32 cleavages. We also found modest up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2, but there was a significant down-regulation of c-erbB-2 in flavopiridol-treated cells. Gelatin zymography showed that flavopiridol inhibits the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP; MMPs 2 and 9) in the breast cancer cells and that the inhibition of c-erbB-2 and MMPs may be responsible for the inhibition of cell invasion observed in flavopiridol-treated cells. Collectively, these molecular effects of flavopiridol, however, were found to be independent of c-erbB-2 overexpression, suggesting that flavopiridol may be effective in all breast cancer. From these results, we conclude that flavopiridol inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells, induces apoptosis, regulates the expression of genes, and inhibits invasion and, thus, may inhibit metastasis of breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that flavopiridol may be an effective chemotherapeutic or preventive agent against breast cancer.