gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circular R-Factor Molecules Controlling Penicillinase Synthesis, Replicating in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Under Either Relaxed or Stringent Control (1970)

Two infectious drug-resistance (R) factors, R28K and R6K, each conferring resistance to a number of penicillins by the synthesis of a penicillinase, were transferred to Proteus mirabilis PM1 and Escherichia coli RC85 host strains. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from these strains was separated by density-gradient centrifugation and subjected to electron microscopy by use of a modification of the protein-monolayer diffusion technique. Analytical density-gradient centrifugation of the purified DNA from PM1 strains showed, in addition to the major peak at a density of 1.698 g/cm(3) characteristic of Proteus chromosomal DNA, a single satellite band at a density of 1.710 g/cm(3) [guanine plus cytosine (GC) base ratio 50%] for R28K and at 1.704 g/cm(3) (GC base ratio 45%) for R6K. Direct CsCl density-gradient centrifugation of crude lysates of the E. coli (R28K)(+) strain in the presence of ethidium bromide gave rise to a sedimentation profile with a single satellite peak containing covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA molecules with a mean contour length of 21.4 mum [44 x 10(6) atomic mass units (AMU)], although a minority was 13.6 mum in length. From the size of the major class, it was estimated that there were two to three copies of the R28K factor present as CCC molecules per chromosome at various phases of cellular growth. Similar studies of the E. coli (R6K)(+) lysates showed two satellite peaks; peak I contained mostly CCC molecules of contour length 12.8 mum (26 x 10(6) AMU), and peak II, intermediate to peak I and the chromosomal peak, contained CCC molecules of a similar size, together with about equal numbers of catenated molecules, mostly dimers consisting of two interlocked monomers of 12.8 mum. A smaller number (ca. 0.1%) of higher catenanes was also seen. The number of CCC copies of the R6K factor per chromosome present in peak I was calculated as 13 at logarithmic phase and 38 at stationary phase. In peak II, a constant ratio of about one catenated dimer per chromosome was found at all phases of growth. Penicillinase assays of cultures at different phases of growth showed a correlation between the estimated number of R-factor copies present as CCC molecules and the enzyme activity per cell for both R28K and R6K.
Interferon pretreatment lowers the threshold for maximal heat‐shock response in mouse cells (1986)

Interferons (IFNs) are proteins which have antiviral and antiproliferative properties and are known to affect various immunological processes. Some of these activities have been shown to be potentiated by increased temperatures. When cells are subjected to a rise in temperature, the synthesis of the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) is 'switched on.' In this report we demonstrate a synergistic effect of IFN and stress (arsenite treatment or elevated temperature) on the heat-shock response. On the one hand, IFN pretreatment enhances the accumulation of HSP mRNAs and the corresponding protein synthesis after a mild stress and, on the other hand, it amplifies the decrease of the total protein synthesis after a severe stress. Thus in IFN pretreated cells the range of temperatures leading to the heat-shock response is shifted towards common physiological values.
Identification of a Protein Subset of the Anthrax Spore Immunome in Humans Immunized with the Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Preparation (2005)

We identified spore targets of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA)-induced immunity in humans by screening recombinant clones of a previously generated, limited genomic Bacillus anthracis Sterne (pXO1(+), pXO2(-)) expression library of putative spore surface (spore-associated [SA]) proteins with pooled sera from human adults immunized with AVA (immune sera), the anthrax vaccine currently approved for use by humans in the United States. We identified 69 clones that reacted specifically with pooled immune sera but not with pooled sera obtained from the same individuals prior to immunization. Positive clones expressed proteins previously identified as localized on the anthrax spore surface, proteins highly expressed during spore germination, orthologs of proteins of diverse pathogens under investigation as drug targets, and orthologs of proteins contributing to the virulence of both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Among the reactive clones identified by this immunological screen was one expressing a 15.2-kDa hypothetical protein encoded by a gene with no significant homology to sequences contained in databases. Further studies are required to define the subset of SA proteins identified in this study that contribute to the virulence of this pathogen. We hypothesize that optimal delivery of a subset of SA proteins identified by such studies to the immune system in combination with protective antigen (PA), the principal immunogen in AVA, might facilitate the development of defined, nonreactogenic, more-efficacious PA-based anthrax vaccines. Future studies might also facilitate the identification of SA proteins with potential to serve as targets for drug design, spore inactivation, or spore detection strategies.
The fabrication of YBCO superconductor polycrystalline powder by CCSO (2008)

We present a novel, cost-effective and simple method to produce polycrystalline superconductor YBa2Cu3O7?? (YBCO) powder by a self-sustaining one-step process called carbon combustion synthesis of oxides (CCSO). In this process the exothermic oxidation of carbon nanoparticles generates a thermal wave that propagates at a velocity of about 1?mm?s?1 through the solid yttrium, barium, and copper precursors, converting them rapidly (in the order of seconds) to polycrystalline YBCO. The carbon is not incorporated in the product and is emitted as carbon dioxide (CO2) from the sample, generating a highly porous (~70%) and friable product. Most of the grains have a plate-like shape, are well connected, and have a size of between 1 and 3??m. The concentration of the residual carbon was less than 0.06 wt%. The magnetization of as-synthesized samples (without external post-annealing in oxygen), as determined by a SQUID magnetometer, showed an onset of the superconducting (SC) transition at ~91?K, with a 44% shielding fraction of the ?1/(4?) value.
In situ formation, manipulation, and imaging of droplet-encapsulated fibrin networks (2009)

The protein fibrin plays a principal role in blood clotting and forms robust three dimensional networks. Here, microfluidic devices have been tailored to strategically generate and study these bionetworks by confinement in nanoliter volumes. The required protein components are initially encapsulated in separate droplets, which are subsequently merged by electrocoalescence. Next, distinct droplet microenvironments are created as the merged droplets experience one of two conditions: either they traverse a microfluidic pathway continuously, or they "park" to fully evolve an isotropic network before experiencing controlled deformations. High resolution fluorescence microscopy is used to image the fibrin networks in the microchannels. Aggregation (i.e."clotting") is significantly affected by the complicated flow fields in moving droplets. In stopped-flow conditions, an isotropic droplet-spanning network forms after a suitable ripening time. Subsequent network deformation, induced by the geometric structure of the microfluidic channel, is found to be elastic at low rates of deformation. A shape transition is identified for droplets experiencing rates of deformation higher than an identified threshold value. In this condition, significant densification of protein within the droplet due to hydrodynamic forces is observed. These results demonstrate that flow fields considerably affect fibrin in different circumstances exquisitely controlled using microfluidic tools.
Health aspects of wireless communication (2004)

article Share on Health aspects of wireless communication: lymphomas in laboratory mice from personal communication radiation Author: James C. Lin University of Illinois, Chicago University of Illinois, ChicagoView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications ReviewVolume 8Issue 1January 2004 pp 2–5https://doi.org/10.1145/980159.980162Online:01 January 2004Publication History 0citation158DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads158Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Pathophysiology of the Locus Coeruleus in Suicide<sup>a</sup> (1997)

Clinical and basic research findings implicate a role for brain norepinephrine in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders that can lead to suicide. However, the precise biological abnormality of neurons that produce norepinephrine in the brain in these disorders has not been elucidated. We have studied the biochemistry of the locus coeruleus (LC), the principal source of brain norepinephrine, from suicide victims and from age-matched, natural or accidental death control subjects. Levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (rate-limiting enzyme in norepinephrine biosynthesis) and amounts of binding to a2 adrenoceptors (norepinephrine receptors) are elevated in the LC of suicide victims as compared to control subjects. These biological abnormalities in the LC from suicide victims are very similar to biochemical changes observed in the rat LC following repeated exposure to environmental stimuli that activate the LC or to treatment with pharmacological agents that deplete brain norepinephrine. It is hypothesized that persons who commit suicide have experienced chronic activation of the LC, resulting in depletion of synaptic norepinephrine and compensatory changes in concentrations of noradrenergic proteins.
A Fully Integrated 14-Band 3.1-to-10.6GHz 0.13¿m SiGe BiCMOS UWB RF Transceiver (2008)

In this work, a highly integrated 14-band UWB transceiver is designed in a 0.13mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. The chip consumes 425mW during receive mode and 380mW during transmit mode from a split power supply of 2.4 and 1.2V. In this architecture a divide and mix approach is selected to allow the use of a single PLL with one RF VCO and one loop filter. The transmitter is designed to reduce spurious emissions to -70dBm to support Japanese and European transmit mask requirements.
Subacute toxicity of 15 commonly used Chinese drugs (II) (2020)

As befitting the esoteric designation of "the art of healing", traditionally the development of professional acumen in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine relies heavily on years of accumulated clinical observations. The shortcomings are the relative lack of hard evidence, systemic documentation and uniformity in interpretation, which result in the unfortunate aura of mystique and reluctance in general acceptance. Relatively little is known about the toxicological profiles of the 400-commonly-used Chinese medicinal drugs listed in the" Standard of Chinese Drugs, ROC". The present projected, entitled" the evaluation of the subacute toxicity of commonly used Chinese medicinal drugs", of which the present report was a part, was initiated to provide experimental evidence to support or refute vague claims in traditional Chinese pharmacopocias and reference for future studies. The subacute toxicological and behavioral effects of 50% ethanol crude extracts of the following traditional Chinese medicinal drugs administered in single dosage (5,10 g/kg, p.o., per day for 14 days) were quantitatively evaluated : 1. Cheqianze 2. Digupi 3. Filling 4. Houpo 5. Madouling 6. Mutong 7. Niuxi 8. Qingxiangzi 9. Qianhu 10. Shandougen 11. Tainnanxing 12. Weilingxian 13. Xiakucao 14. Xianmao and 15. Xinyi, respectively. The maximal tolerable doses ranging from 1/10 to 1/5 of LD50 were used as the reference dosages in the subacute experiments. The following results were found : the whole body nutrient standard reference values such as plasma total protein, or serum albumin content were affected by Cheqianze, Madouling, Niuxi, Qingxiangzi, Shandougen, & Xianmao. The reference standard for protein catabolism such as BUN was affected by Digupi, Fuling, Houpo, Qianhu, Shandougen, Tiannanxing, Xiakucao, and Xinyi. The liver standard functional test such as SGPT showed changes elicited by Cheqianze, Houpo , Mutong, Niuxi, Tainnanxing, Weilingxian, Xiakucao, and Xianmao. The kidney standard functional test such as creatinine were affected by Cheqinze, Houpo, and Madouling. Pathological references standards of tissue such as the net tissue weight or water content of heart, liver, lung or kidney after post-mortem examination were affected by Cheqianze, Digupi, Fuling, Madouling, Mutong, Qingxiangzi, Qianhu, Shandougen, Tainnanxing, Weilingxian, Xiakucao, Xianmao, and Xinyi. Hematological assessment showed that total WBC counts were affected by Digupi, Madouling, Mutong, Qingxiangzi, Weilingxian, and Xinyi. In behavioral toxicological evaluations, it was found that Cheqianze, Fuling, Niuxi, Qingxiangzi, Shandougen, & Tiannanxing, & Xianmao elicited a moderate to marked degree of inhibition, while Qianhu, & Xiakucao elicited moderate degree of stimulation on the locomotor activity when compared
Effect of Trypsin Inhibitor on Reflux Oesophagitis after Total Gastrectomy in Rats (1999)

Trypsin has an important role in the development of reflux oesophagitis after total gastrectomy.
Membrane formation by interfacial cross‐linking of chitosan for microencapsulation of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (1993)

Lactic acid bacteria were microencapsulated within cross-linked chitosan membranes formed by emulsification/interfacial polymerization. The technique was modified and optimized to provide biocompatible conditions during encapsulation involving the use of mineral oils as the continuous phase and chitosan as the membrane material. Chitosan cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate or glutaraldehyde resulted in strong membranes, with a narrow size distribution about a mean diameter of 150 mum. Cell viability and activity was demonstrated by the acidification of milk. Loss of acidification activity during microencapsulation was recovered in subsequent fermentations to levels similar to that of free cell fermentations.
Role of the Venous Return in Critical Illness and Shock (2012)

An improved understanding of the role of the venous system in pathophysiologic conditions will allow intensivists to better appreciate the complex circulatory physiology of shock and related therapies. This should enable improved hemodynamic management of this disorder.
Royal Jelly Prevents the Progression of Sarcopenia in Aged Mice In Vivo and In Vitro (2013)

Sarcopenia is characterized by the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. One of the mechanisms of sarcopenia is the loss in the function and number of muscle satellite cells. Royal jelly (RJ) is a health food used worldwide. To obtain better digestion and absorption than RJ, protease-treated RJ (pRJ) has been developed. RJ and pRJ have been suggested to have potential pharmacological benefits such as prolonging the life span and reducing fatigue. Because these effects may improve sarcopenia and the functions of satellite cells, we examined the effects of RJ or pRJ treatment on the skeletal muscles in an animal model using aged mice. In vivo, RJ/pRJ treatment attenuated the decrease in the muscle weight and grip strength and increased the regenerating capacity of injured muscles and the serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels compared with controls. In vitro, using isolated satellite cells from aged mice, pRJ treatment increased the cell proliferation rate, promoted cell differentiation, and activated Akt intracellular signaling pathway compared with controls. These findings suggest that RJ/pRJ treatment had a beneficial effect on age-related sarcopenia.
A MEMS Microreed Switch With One Reed Embedded in the Silicon Substrate (2011)

This paper presents design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel microelectromechanical microreed switch, which consists of two Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> magnetic plates as microreeds. One is embedded in a silicon trench. The other is suspended above the substrate and supported by a pair of crab-leg flexures from the two sides. Both Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> plates are split into two long, narrow strips to improve the sensitivity. The switch is actuated by bringing an external magnet closer to the switch. The magnetic field required to turn on the switch can be as low as 0.5 mT and the initial contact resistance is <; 10 Ω with gold contacts. The switch has been tested to pass more than 40 million hot switching cycles at 2 mA current at room temperature when packaged at wafer level with SU-8 sealing. The die size is 1.7 × 1.8 × 1.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The proposed microreed switch can be used as the proximity sensor to sense the magnetic field. It also has the potential to replace the conventional reed switch in portable electronics, such as cellular phones, hearing aids, and laptops, where conserving battery power and device size is critical.
An error position recording method for optical disks (1993)

Abstract In order to improve the reliability of optical disks, the nature of the data errors generated on optical disks must be studied in detail. To accomplish this, recording the positions of all errors generated on the optical disk, then performing various analyses based on them is an effective method. Because the optical disk has a large capacity and the error rate of the data is relatively high, the amount of error position data is tremendous and the error position data must be efficiently recorded. On the other hand, when the excess data format for highly efficient data becomes complex, the processing speed of the analysis diminishes. In this paper, we explain an error position data recording method that was applied to recording the error positions of optical disks. This method can efficiently record the error positions in a relatively simple data format. Then a mathematical model of error generation is used to examine the efficiency of this method when random errors and burst errors are generated. Furthermore, an example is presented where this method is applied to error positions measured on an optical disk and its efficiency is evident.
Use of vancomycin hydrochloride for treatment of Clostridium difficile enteritis in Syrian hamsters. (1994)

As part of an 18-month carcinogenicity study, 680 Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) received daily gavage doses of fenazaquin, an experimental miticide. Mortality associated with severe enteritis was noticed beginning when the hamsters were 4 months old and ranged from one to five deaths per month until the hamsters were about 10 months old, when 41 deaths occurred in a 1-month period. Ante- and postmortem findings were consistent with those reported for antibiotic-induced enteritis in hamsters. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 12 of the 13 samples of cecal contents analyzed. Toxin assays of C. difficile isolates collected from 11 affected animals were positive for both cyto- and enterotoxins. Daily oral administration of vancomycin hydrochloride at a dose of 20 mg/kg was initiated when the hamsters were about 10 months old. Deaths due to C. difficile enteritis were significantly decreased within 2 weeks, and treatment was continued for 3 months. A trial withdrawal period for a subset of 64 hamsters (approximately 16% of the total population) was initiated to evaluate survival after discontinuation of the antibiotic treatment. Clostridium difficile enteritis recurred within 2 weeks and caused 19 deaths during the next month; therefore, these hamsters were returned to daily vancomycin treatment for the remainder of the study. With the exception of severe gaseous distention of the ceca, which caused death in 17 (< 4% of the total population) of the affected hamsters, vancomycin treatment did not cause any major adverse effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Parathyroid hormone bioassay using human kidney cortical cells in primary culture (1982)

The biological activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been investigated by measuring intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in human kidney cortical cultures. Enzyme dispersed cortical cells from non-invaded kidney poles of patients undergoing nephrectomy for cancer were used after 5 days of primary culture. Bovine PTH (1-84) produced a significant increase of cAMP accumulation in cultured cells at a dose (53.7 ng/ml) 10-fold lower than that found for the minimal stimulatory effect when using preparations of human purified plasma membranes. The action of bovine PTH (1-84) was very rapid, a response was detected after 5 min and a ceiling effect after 30 min. Cortical cells showed a slightly lower sensitivity to synthetic bovine PTH (1-34) (half maximal increase dose: 0.66 microgram/ml), compared to bovine PTH (1-84) (half maximal increase dose: 0.32 microgram/ml), but revealed a higher sensitivity to human PTH purified from the medium of parathyroid cell cultures (half maximal increase dose: 11.2 ng/ml). Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) also increased the cAMP accumulation of kidney cortical cultured cells, with a potency and efficacy lower than that of human 'culture' PTH, while in kidney medullary cells in primary culture AVP exerted a strong response and the effect of PTH was poor or absent. Calcitonin and glucagon were weak stimulators of kidney cortical cell cAMP accumulation.
Expression of the <i>gltP</i> gene of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in a glutamate transport‐deficient mutant of <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> restores chemotaxis to glutamate (1995)

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is chemotactic to glutamate and most other amino acids. In Escherichia coli , chemotaxis involves a membrane‐bound sensor that either binds the amino acid directly or interacts with the binding protein loaded with the amino acid. In R. sphaeroides , chemotaxis is thought to require both the uptake and the metabolism of the amino acid. Glutamate is accumulated by the cells via a binding protein‐dependent system. To determine the role of the binding protein and transport in glutamate taxis, mutants were created by Tn 5 insertion mutagenesis and selected for growth in the presence of the toxic glutamine analogue γ‐glutamyl‐hydrazide. One of the mutants, R. sphaeroides MJ7, was defective in glutamate uptake but showed wild‐type levels of binding protein. The mutant showed no chemotactic response to glutamate. Both glutamate uptake and chemotaxis were recovered when the gltP gene, coding for the H + ‐linked glutamate carrier of E. coli , was expressed in R. sphaeroides MJ7. It is concluded that the chemotactic response to glutamate strictly requires uptake of glutamate, supporting the view that intracellular metabolism is needed for chemotaxis in R. sphaeroides .