gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Freezing and Thawing Green Curds Before Processing on the Rheological Properties of Cream Cheese (1982)

ABSTRACT The rheological and proton pulsed NMR properties of cream cheese made from the green curds frozen and thawed were measured to determine the quantitative relationship between the freezing and thawing rates of the curds and the textural changes of the cream cheese. The hardness of the cream cheese decreased significantly as the thawing rate of the curds decreased, whereas the freezing injury was the minor source of the damage on the hardness. The bound but not free water in the cheese characterized these textural changes.
Synthese von Peptid‐Zwischenprodukten für den Aufbau eines corticotrop wirksamen Nonadecapeptids. I. N<sup>ϵ</sup>‐t‐Butyloxycarbonyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐lysin, N<sup>ϵ</sup>‐(N<sup>ϵ</sup>‐t‐Butyloxycarbonyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐lysyl)‐N<sup>ϵ</sup>‐t‐butyloxycarbonyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐lysin, N<sup>ϵ</sup>‐t‐Butyloxycarbonyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐lysyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐prolyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐valyl‐glycin und Derivate (1961)

For the synthesis of β 1–19 corticotropin‐Glu 5 ‐γ‐amide 1 ) a derivative of lysine was needed involving a blocking group on N ϵ easily removable by mild acid treatment. N ϵ ‐t‐Butoxycarbonyl‐ L ‐lysine was synthesized and found to be a very versatile compound. The N ϵ ‐t‐butoxycarbonyl group is readily removed by trifluoroacetic acid and by aqueous HCI, it is not cleaved by anhydrous or aqueous acetic acid in the experimental conditions described here. This allows its use in conjunction with the N‐trityl group which is easily hydrolysed by aqueous acetic acid. Needless to point out, it may also be used along with the carbobenzoxy or p‐phenylazocarbobenzoxy groups which may preferentially be removed by catalytic hydrogenation. A number of derivatives and peptides of N ϵ ‐t‐butoxycarbonyl‐ L ‐lysine are described, among these are trityl·Lys(BOC)‐Lys(BOC)·OH 7 ) and PZ·Lys(BOC)‐Pro‐Val‐Gly·OH, both intermediates in the synthesis of the nonadecapeptide with high corticotropic activity 1 ). The derivatives described here should also be useful for the preparation of ϵ‐peptides of lysine.
Generalized functional linear models (2005)

We propose a generalized functional linear regression model for a regression situation where the response variable is a scalar and the predictor is a random function. A linear predictor is obtained by forming the scalar product of the predictor function with a smooth parameter function, and the expected value of the response is related to this linear predictor via a link function. If, in addition, a variance function is specified, this leads to a functional estimating equation which corresponds to maximizing a functional quasi-likelihood. This general approach includes the special cases of the functional linear model, as well as functional Poisson regression and functional binomial regression. The latter leads to procedures for classification and discrimination of stochastic processes and functional data. We also consider the situation where the link and variance functions are unknown and are estimated nonparametrically from the data, using a semiparametric quasi-likelihood procedure. An essential step in our proposal is dimension reduction by approximating the predictor processes with a truncated Karhunen–Loève expansion. We develop asymptotic inference for the proposed class of generalized regression models. In the proposed asymptotic approach, the truncation parameter increases with sample size, and a martingale central limit theorem is applied to establish the resulting increasing dimension asymptotics. We establish asymptotic normality for a properly scaled distance between estimated and true functions that corresponds to a suitable L2 metric and is defined through a generalized covariance operator. As a consequence, we obtain asymptotic tests and simultaneous confidence bands for the parameter function that determines the model. The proposed estimation, inference and classification procedures and variants with unknown link and variance functions are investigated in a simulation study. We find that the practical selection of the number of components works well with the AIC criterion, and this finding is supported by theoretical considerations. We include an application to the classification of medflies regarding their remaining longevity status, based on the observed initial egg-laying curve for each of 534 female medflies.
Impaired Recovery of Blood Flow After Hind-Limb Ischemia in Mice Lacking Guanylyl Cyclase-A, a Receptor for Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptides (2009)

These results suggest that endogenous ANP and BNP play important roles in reparative vascular remodeling in ischemic tissue.
UBE1L represses PML/RARα by targeting the PML domain for ISG15ylation (2008)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by expression of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid (RA) receptor alpha (RARalpha) protein and all-trans-RA-mediated clinical remissions. RA treatment can confer PML/RARalpha degradation, overcoming dominant-negative effects of this oncogenic protein. The present study uncovered independent retinoid degradation mechanisms, targeting different domains of PML/RARalpha. RA treatment is known to repress PML/RARalpha and augment ubiquitin-activating enzyme-E1-like (UBE1L) protein expression in NB4-S1 APL cells. We previously reported RA-induced UBE1L and the IFN-stimulated gene, 15-kDa protein ISG15ylation in APL cells. Whether the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 directly conjugates with PML/RARalpha was not explored previously and is examined in this study. Transient transfection experiments with different PML/RARalpha domains revealed that RA treatment preferentially down-regulated the RARalpha domain, whereas UBE1L targeted the PML domain for repression. As expected, ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (UBP43/USP18), the ISG15 deconjugase, opposed UBE1L but not RA-dependent PML/RARalpha degradation. In contrast, the proteasomal inhibitor, N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal, inhibited both UBE1L- and RA-mediated PML/RARalpha degradation. Notably, UBE1L induced ISG15ylation of the PML domain of PML/RARalpha, causing its repression. These findings confirmed that RA triggers PML/RARalpha degradation through different domains and distinct mechanisms. Taken together, these findings advance prior work by establishing two pathways converge on the same oncogenic protein to cause its degradation and thereby promote antineoplastic effects. The molecular pharmacologic implications of these findings are discussed.
A review of friction stir welding of aluminium matrix composites (2015)

As a solid state joining process, friction stir welding (FSW) has proven to be a promising approach for joining aluminium matrix composites (AMCs). However, challenges still remain in using FSW to join AMCs even with considerable progress having been made in recent years. This review paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of FSW of AMC materials. Specific attention and critical assessment have been given to: (a) the macrostructure and microstructure of AMC joints, (b) the evaluation of mechanical properties of joints, and (c) the wear of FSW tools due to the presence of reinforcement materials in aluminium matrices. This review concludes with recommendations for future research directions.
Simple downstream process based on detergent treatment improves yield and in vivo transduction efficacy of adeno-associated virus vectors (2015)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are promising candidates for gene therapy approaches. The last two decades were particularly fruitful in terms of processes applied in the production and purification of this type of gene transfer vectors. This rapid technological evolution led to better yields and higher levels of vector purity. Recently, some reports showed that rAAV produced by transient tri-transfection method in adherent human embryonic kidney 293 cells can be harvested directly from supernatant, leading to easier and faster purification compared to classical virus extraction from cell pellets. Here, we compare these approaches with new vector recovery method using small quantity of detergent at the initial clarification step to treat the whole transfected cell culture. Coupled with tangential flow filtration and iodixanol-based isopycnic density gradient, this new method significantly increases rAAV yields and conserves high vector purity. Moreover, this approach leads to the reduction of the total process duration. Finally, the vectors maintain their functionality, showing unexpected higher in vitro and in vivo transduction efficacies. This new development in rAAV downstream process once more demonstrates the great capacity of these vectors to easily accommodate to large panel of methods, able to furthermore ameliorate their safety, functionality, and scalability.
A K-band down-conversion mixer with 1.4-GHz bandwidth in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS technology (2005)

A low power and low voltage down conversion mixer working at K-band is designed and fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS logic process. The mixer down converts RF signals from 19GHz to 2.7GHz intermediate frequency. The mixer achieves a conversion gain of 1dB, a very low single side band noise figure of 9dB and third order intermodulation point of -2dBm, while consuming 6.9mW power from a 1.2V supply. The 3-dB conversion gain bandwidth is 1.4GHz, which is almost 50% of the IF. This mixer with small frequency re-tuning can be used for ultra-wide band radars operating in the 22-29GHz band.
Spin–Orbit Coupling Analyses of the Geometrical Effects on Phosphorescence in Ir(<i>ppy</i>)<sub>3</sub> and Its Derivatives (2013)

Theoretical investigations were performed for typical iridium complexes, Ir(C∧N)3, Ir(C∧N)2(C’∧N’), Ir(C∧N)2(N ∧O) and Ir(C∧N)2(O∧O), at the MCSCF+SOCI+SOC//B3LYP/SBKJC+p level of theory. For Ir(dfppy)2(pic) (so-called FIrpic) and its related complexes, the introduction of a fluoride into ppy ligands provides a blue shift of about 20 nm for emission spectra, while the replacement of a pic ligand by an acac ligand does not seriously affect the emission spectra of these complexes. It is proposed that the homo-cis,hetero-O-cis isomer (HC-5f, see text) of FIrpic should be used as a brighter blue-color material instead of the homo-N-trans isomer (HNT-5f). The energy difference between these isomers is less than 1 kcal/mol, and the energy barrier of the isomerization between these isomers is calculated to be larger than 30 kcal/mol. It was also found that the use of two ancillary ligands, such as Ir(C∧N)(N ∧O)2 and Ir(C∧N)(O∧O)2, is unfortunately inappropriate to energetically lift the π* orbital.
Biomedical Discovery Acceleration, with Applications to Craniofacial Development (2009)

The profusion of high-throughput instruments and the explosion of new results in the scientific literature, particularly in molecular biomedicine, is both a blessing and a curse to the bench researcher. Even knowledgeable and experienced scientists can benefit from computational tools that help navigate this vast and rapidly evolving terrain. In this paper, we describe a novel computational approach to this challenge, a knowledge-based system that combines reading, reasoning, and reporting methods to facilitate analysis of experimental data. Reading methods extract information from external resources, either by parsing structured data or using biomedical language processing to extract information from unstructured data, and track knowledge provenance. Reasoning methods enrich the knowledge that results from reading by, for example, noting two genes that are annotated to the same ontology term or database entry. Reasoning is also used to combine all sources into a knowledge network that represents the integration of all sorts of relationships between a pair of genes, and to calculate a combined reliability score. Reporting methods combine the knowledge network with a congruent network constructed from experimental data and visualize the combined network in a tool that facilitates the knowledge-based analysis of that data. An implementation of this approach, called the Hanalyzer, is demonstrated on a large-scale gene expression array dataset relevant to craniofacial development. The use of the tool was critical in the creation of hypotheses regarding the roles of four genes never previously characterized as involved in craniofacial development; each of these hypotheses was validated by further experimental work.
Molecularly Imprinted Materials (2004)

© 2004 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The experimentalist is often faced with the challenge of selectively separating a desired compound from a mixture and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be instrumental in achieving such substrate selective separations. Polymers have been imprinted using organic molecules [1,2], metal ions [3-5], and large biomolecules such as proteins and DNA [6,7]. These different substrate types often require different strategies for optimal imprinting and recognition. However, most studies on molecular imprinting to date have focused on organic molecules, providing most of what is known about selectivity in MIPs.Therefore, treatment in this tutorial will correspondingly focus on imprinting small organic molecules. The category of organic molecule substrates can be further divided into: 1. enantiomeric organic molecules; 2. isomeric organic compounds; 3. different organic compounds.
Concepts for Today (1994)

These best-selling, academic skills texts systematically develop students' reading and vocabulary skills through engaging themes and intensive practice. Students learn successful reading strategies and are further prompted to build proficiency in their writing, listening, and speaking skills.
논문 : 기업 경영에 있어 환경 친화적 디자인 전략 수법에 관한 연구 - Ecology 와 Economy 의 양립성을 중심으로 - (1998)

지구의 환경과 디자인 방향과의 관계를 짚어보면 환경 친화적 디자인이 디자이너의 역할중 최우선 과제라 할 수 있다. 때문에 디자이너는 환경의 보존과 오염방지의 주역이 되어야 하는 것은 물론이고 사회적·경제적·정치적으로도 강한 영향력을 발휘할 수 있어야 한다. 예전과 같이 단순히 외형적으로만 디자인된 제품은 이제 소비자들로부터 외면될 것이기 때문에 디자이너나 기업들은 환경 문제에 대한 전략을 어떻게 수립하고 상품을 개발하느냐에 따라 성패가 좌우될 수 있는 만큼 실질적인 방향 전환이 있어야 한다. 
오늘날 소비자들은 환경에 대한 위기 의식과 자연 보호의 필요성을 인식하게 되었고 상품의 질에 대한 가치 기준도 크게 바뀌었기 때문에 소비 형태는 그린시대, 또는 클린시대로의 소비 혁명이 예고되는데, 이는 소비자들의 새로운 가계와 기준들이 무공해, 재활용, 생분해성, 천연, 생, 환경친화적인, 환경 안전등의 환경성이 높은 상품들을 요구하는 추세이기 때문이다. 
따라서 본 논문에서는 문헌 연구를 통한 이론적 배정 연구와 탑께 기업 경영에서 환경친화적 제품디자인의 필요성 및 중요성을 파악하고 개선 방향을 제시하고자 한다.
A Virtual Screening Approach Applied to the Search for Trypanothione Reductase Inhibitors (1997)

A prediction algorithm of the binding affinity of ligands to trypanothione reductase (TR), the enzyme replacing glutathione reductase in the metabolism of trypanosomatidae, has been used for the "virtual screening" of a data base of 2500 molecular sketches and has detected several structures of putative TR ligands. Most of these compounds turned out to be micromolar inhibitors of TR, as predicted by the algorithm. While their inhibitory potencies are lower than those of previously reported compounds, one of the molecules reported here could represent the lead toward a structurally different class of TR inhibitors. The fully automated prediction algorithm converts the 2D molecular sketches into 3D ligand structures, explores the conformational space of the latter, and performs a grid-based, rigid-body docking of the resulting family of ligand conformations into the TR site, calculating enthalpic and entropic binding indexes and predicting the binding affinity. The docking model has also been used to obtain hints about the binding modes of TR ligands.
Detecting false timing paths (1999)

We present a new algorithm for detecting both combinationally and sequentially false timing paths, one in which the constraints on a timing path are captured by justifying symbolic functions across latch boundaries.
Serum Bicarbonate and Structural and Functional Cardiac Abnormalities in Chronic Kidney Disease - A Report from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study (2016)

In a large CKD study, serum bicarbonate was associated with LV mass and concentric LVH; however, this association was attenuated after adjustment for clinical factors suggesting that the observed cardiac effects are mediated through yet unknown mechanisms.
A novel semiconductor-based, fully incoherent amplified spontaneous emission light source for ghost imaging (2017)

Initially, ghost imaging (GI) was demonstrated with entangled light from parametric down conversion. Later, classical light sources were introduced with the development of thermal light GI concepts. State-of-the-art classical GI light sources rely either on complex combinations of coherent light with spatially randomizing optical elements or on incoherent lamps with monochromating optics, however suffering strong losses of efficiency and directionality. Here, a broad-area superluminescent diode is proposed as a new light source for classical ghost imaging. The coherence behavior of this spectrally broadband emitting opto-electronic light source is investigated in detail. An interferometric two-photon detection technique is exploited in order to resolve the ultra-short correlation timescales. We thereby quantify the coherence time, the photon statistics as well as the number of spatial modes unveiling a complete incoherent light behavior. With a one-dimensional proof-of-principle GI experiment, we introduce these compact emitters to the field which could be beneficial for high-speed GI systems as well as for long range GI sensing in future applications.
A 4.2&#x2013;4.7GHz, 3.7mW digitally controlled oscillator RFIC (2011)

This paper presents an 8-bit LC tuned digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) implemented in a 130mn CMOS technology. The DCO oscillation frequency can be tuned from 4.2 to 4.7GHz with 11.2% tuning range and an average frequency resolution of 2 MHz/bit. The oscillator consumes a 3.7mW power from a 1.2V power supply. The DCO phase noise is measured as -103dBc/Hz @ 500KHz offset and exhibits a figure of merit of -177.
THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF SOME BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT PHOSPHATE ESTERS (1951)

the objective of the present work was to provide a means for separating and indentifying phosphate esters involved in glycolysis in higher plants. Paper chromatography of phosphate esters has been employed by several workers, most notably Benson et al. (1) and Hanes and Isherwood (2). Benson's procedures were not primarily designed for identification of phosphate esters and gave low Rr values for the phosphate compounds of particular interest to us. The unidimensional methods of Hanes and Isherwood do not result in adequate resolution of the complex mixtures such as are obtained from our plant materials. 

The present procedure is based on two-dimensional chromatography with successive development in an acid and in a basic solvent. The solvents finally selected gave the best over-all resolution of the intermediates involved in plant glycolysis. Undoubtedly the resolution of certain pairs of compounds may be improved by suitable modifications. We have in addition made certain improvements in the procedure for locating the chromatographed materials.
Proximity-effect correction in electron-beam lithography (1989)

A survey is given of the dose correction method we have developed to compensate for the proximity effect. Accurate values for the parameters of the double Gaussian function have been obtained with the doughnut method. A self-consistent correction method has been implemented that is not limited to rectangles, which is successful in correcting polygons by splitting them into trapezoids and computing the interactions between these trapezoids. By applying a clustering technique, the speed of this correction software has been remarkably increased. Furthermore, programs have been developed to perform different fracturing strategies on the input pattern. Also the influence of the various fracturing methods on the quality of the correction can be checked by software. In this way, time consuming experiments can be avoided.
ClpB Cooperates with DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE in Suppressing Protein Aggregation (1999)

ClpB is a heat-shock protein from Escherichia coli with an unknown function. We studied a possible molecular chaperone activity of ClpB in vitro. Firefly luciferase was denatured in urea and then diluted into the refolding buffer (in the presence of 5 mM ATP and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin). Spontaneous reactivation of luciferase was very weak (less than 0.02% of the native activity) because of extensive aggregation. Conventional chaperone systems (GroEL/GroES and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE) or ClpB alone did not reactivate luciferase under those conditions. However, ClpB together with DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE greatly enhanced the luciferase activity regain (up to 57% of native activity) by suppressing luciferase aggregation. This coordinated function of ClpB and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE required ATP hydrolysis, although the ClpB ATPase was not activated by native or denatured luciferase. When the chaperones were added to the luciferase refolding solutions after 5-25 min of refolding, ClpB and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE recovered the luciferase activity from preformed aggregates. Thus, we have identified a novel multi-chaperone system from E. coli, which is analogous to the Hsp104/Ssa1/Ydj1 system from yeast. ClpB is the only known bacterial Hsp100 protein capable of cooperating with other heat-shock proteins in suppressing and reversing protein aggregation.
U-Prove Cryptographic Specification V1.1 (Revision 3) (2013)

This document specifies the foundational U-Prove cryptographic protocols. It allows developers to create interoperable implementations of U-Prove protocol participants. It has been released under the Open Specification Promise (http://www.microsoft.com/openspecifications/en/us/programs/osp/default.aspx)
Microstructure of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Spherical Fine Particles Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis of Metal Alkoxide (1986)

Spherical fine particles of SrTiO3 were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of a methanol solutoin containing Sr and Ti iso-propoxides. The microstructure and composition of particles were studied by TEM and SEM. TEM observation revealed that the particles prepared at 1200°C have a hollow around the center of the particle and consist of small primary particles of 0.02-0.05μm. This primary particle size was comparable to both the particle size calculated from the specific surface area and crystallite size derived from XRD line broadening. While the particles prepared at 600°C contained some unreacted alkoxide and gave a broad XRD pattern and had no distinct particle shape in TEM photograph, particles calcined at 1000°C consisted of well developed crystalline primary particle of 0.02-0.05μm.The mechanism of particle formation and microstructure development were discussed based on partial hydrolysis and complex alkoxide polymer formation.
Low‐dimensional models for real time simulations of catalytic monoliths (2009)

Abstract We present accurate low‐dimensional models for real time simulation, control, and optimization of monolithic catalytic converters used in automobile exhaust treatment. These are derived directly by averaging the governing equations and using the concepts of internal and external mass transfer coefficients. They are expressed in terms of three concentration and two temperature modes and include washcoat diffusional effects without using the concept of the effectiveness factor. The models reduce to the classical two‐phase models in the limit of vanishingly thin washcoat. The models are validated by simulating the transient behavior of a three‐way converter for various cases and comparing the predictions with detailed solutions. It is shown that these new models are robust and accurate with practically acceptable error, speed up the computations by orders of magnitude, and can be used with confidence for the real time simulation and control of monolithic and other catalytic reactors. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009