gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Force Calculation with Oil Well Packer: A Revisit (2020)

Although a packer is conceptually simple and has been used for a long time, its associated force calculation can be confusing and sometimes complex. This is because the force calculation involves tubing axial load, piston effect, tubing-to-packer force, and packer-to-casing force, where a pressure discontinuity and axial load discontinuity over the packer is common for its functionality in a well. This work revisits and clarifies the packer force calculation with a systematic method. A free body diagram analysis is used to comprehensively consider the piston effect from the fluid pressure difference from above and below the packer, the tubing axial force from above and below packer, the weight of the packer, the packer to casing force, and packer to tubing force, in which the buckling effect and temperature effect are considered in the axial force component. A general formula is given to explain and calculate the tubing-to-packer force and packer-to-casing force; this formula is universal and applicable for various packer and tubing configurations. A physical and mathematical treatise and discussion of the theoretical basis of related force calculation with a packer is provided to clarify confusion points commonly encountered. A set of case studies is included to demonstrate the packer force calculation using the general formula with different packer and tubing configuration conditions. Through these case studies, the formula is shown to be a general form formula, which is universally applicable for various packer and tubing configuration conditions. Simple guidelines are presented with examples in these case study calculations to help explain and clarify the force calculation steps in a straightforward manner to eliminate the confusion encountered when performing force calculations with a packer in a well design. This paper provides a general formula in a straightforward manner to explain and clarify the force calculation for packers. This method is useful to engineers who perform packer selection, well planning, and detailed well design, and provides fast verification.
Etude, Réalisation, Caractérisation et Commande d'une Micropince Piézoélectrique. (2003)

"Micromanipulation" is being increasingly important in a number of domains like microparts assembling (microgear, optical microlens, hybrid microcomponents, ...) or manipulation of biological elements for medecine or biotechnology (micro-organismes, cells, ...). The work presented in this thesis leads us to achieve a new two-fingered microgripper, each finger being able to move independently from the other in two orthogonal directions. The microgripper has therefore four degrees of freedom and is able to grip, hold, tilt and release submillimetric-sized objects. The functionning principle of one finger is based on a piezoelectric beam with local electrodes, called "duo-bimorph", for which a static modelling has been established. Such a microgripper presents a stroke of open/close motion and up/down motion of, respectively, 320 microns and 400 microns for 100 V as well as blocking forces of 55 mN in gripping (open/close) and 10 mN in insertion (up/down) for 100 V. This thesis reports several experimentations like the potential assembling of a watch microgear, the manipulation of cubic objects (300 microns square) under a binocular and the manipulation of quasi-spherical objects (200 microns in diameter) under a scanning electron microscope. In order to control this kind of microgripper, and more generally piezoelectric actuators, a new control method is proposed, thus allowing a fine positioning in open loop of the actuator displacement. It is based on the juxtaposition of a constant charge control and a constant voltage control. The hysteresis is thus reduced to a factor of ten.
Spinal Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2013)

Before the introduction of the poliomyelitis vaccination, paralysis due to poliovirus infection was a leading cause of spinal deformity in children and young adults. The severe, stiff spinal deformities associated with poliovirus infection were complicated by pulmonary dysfunction; spinal bracing, which was often ineffective in correcting the deformity or preventing the progression of scoliosis, also exacerbated restrictive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale. Today, coronal spinal deformity in children and young adults is nearly always adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a flexible, three-dimensional, spinal curvature affecting primarily girls, beginning in adolescence, and very rarely leading to clinically significant cardiopulmonary disease. When . . .
Photoisomerization of nopinone (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoisomerization of nopinoneG. W. Shaffer, Anne B. Doerr, and K. L. PurzyckiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 1, 25–29Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00966a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00966a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views435Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Intraventricular Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Guglielmi Detachable Coiling for the Acute Treatment of Casted Ventricles from Cerebral Aneurysm Hemorrhage: Two Technical Case Reports (2002)

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE We report two cases of massive intraventricular hemorrhage resulting from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Both patients had experienced a ruptured cerebral aneurysm and were initially moribund. The patients were treated with Guglielmi detachable coiling and then administration of intraventricular tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Rapid clot resolution was demonstrated radiographically in both. Both patients survived and had a meaningful functional neurological recovery. These are the first reported cases of the acute use of intraventricular tPA after Guglielmi detachable coiling treatment for ruptured cerebral aneurysm. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 59-year-old woman and a 44-year-old man presented with high-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Both had had extensive casting of their ventricular systems with blood. INTERVENTION The patients were treated with Guglielmi detachable coiling thrombosis of the aneurysm and then intraventricular administration of tPA for dissolution of blood clots. Both patients survived; one is able to carry out activities of daily living with moderate assistance, and the other is able to communicate with his family. CONCLUSION This is a novel method to manage patients with high-grade aneurysms with massive intraventricular blood clots. The tPA reduced the mass effect of the blood clot, possibly helping to improve the neurological grade; in addition, the administration of tPA helped keep the external ventricular drains functional, enabling treatment of the acute hydrocephalus. The safety of administering tPA after endovascular thrombosis was demonstrated in these two patients. Further investigation is required to determine the applicability of this approach on a broader scale.
Mathematical Morphology and Its Application in Machine Vision (1989)

Mathematical morphology provides an efficient tool for image analysis. We study the problem of flaw detection in materials which are represented by very poor contrast digital images. An algorithm for flaw detection in the case of glass matte surfaces has been developed. The object skeletons within the binary images are obtained and directional connectivity information in the skeletons is used to discriminate noise patterns from flaws according to a specified criteria. After the discrimination process, the remaining skeletons correspond to flaws and can be employed to recover the shape of flaws. An alarm flag may be turned on if the sizes of the detected flaws are found to exceed industrial standards. In the case of a grayscale image, the image is converted to a binary version by using an adaptive threshold algorithm, then the algorithm for binary images is applied. Experimental results have been obtained for both binary and grayscale digital image data.
ChemInform Abstract: Mimicking the Structure and Function of DNA: Insights into DNA Stability and Replication (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Chiral 1-Alkoxyalkyl Carboxylates (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis and Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Chiral 1-Alkoxyalkyl CarboxylatesHiroshi Matsutani, Satsuki Ichikawa, Jayamma Yaruva, Tetsuo Kusumoto, and Tamejiro HiyamaView Author Information Sagami Chemical Research Center Nishiohnuma, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 19, 4541–4542Publication Date (Web):May 14, 1997Publication History Received17 January 1997Published online14 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja970153vCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2037Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (107 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Boron,Chemical reactions,Ethers,Ketones Get e-Alerts
From the cellular perspective: exploring differences in the cellular baseline in macroscale and microfluidic cultures (2009)

Microfluidic devices for cell culture based assays provide new types of engineered microenvironments and new methods for controlling and quantifying cellular responses to these microenvironments. However, without an understanding of the effects of the microenvironments present in microdevices from a cellular perspective, it will be challenging to integrate work done in microdevices with biological data obtained via traditional methods. With the adaptation and validation of In Cell Westerns (ICWs) and in situ analysis techniques to microfluidic devices, we can begin to look at a variety of cellular responses to microcultures. Here we observe several differences in proliferation, glucose metabolism, signaling pathway activation and protein expression levels between cells cultured in traditional macroscale cultures and in microfluidic cultures. The issues of glucose starvation, growth factor restriction, volume density and effects of interactions with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were examined to determine the relative importance of each to cell behavior. Changes in glucose metabolism, insensitivity to volume density or media supplementation, and finally reduced proliferation as the exposure to PDMS increased, suggests that perhaps interactions between media/cells and this commonly employed polymer may be significant for some cell based assays. The differences between cells in macroscale and microfluidic cultures suggest that the cellular baseline may be substantially altered in microcultures due to both inherent differences in scale as well as material differences. The observations highlight the need to biologically validate micofluidic devices for cell based assays in order to accurately interpret the data obtained with them in the context of traditional macroculture data. Additional areas of study that will further characterize and validate microscale culture are discussed.
Polylysine Produced by<i>Streptomyces</i> (1977)

Journal Article Polylysine Produced by Streptomyces Get access Shoji Shima, Shoji Shima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Heiichi Sakai Heiichi Sakai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 9, 1 September 1977, Pages 1807–1809, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862764 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 16 May 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
Effect of bulk space charge on the current and luminescence characteristics of ZnS:Mn ACTFEL display devices (2002)

Analysis of ZnS:Mn ACTFEL (AC thin-film electroluminescent) devices with a deep level in the bulk of the phosphor layer was performed. Both donor-type and acceptor-type levels were considered. A trailing edge peak in luminescence waveform appears when the interface state level energy (E/sub CD/) is reduced to 0.5 eV. Under certain conditions, an acceptor-type bulk level can lead to oscillations in the device current. A reasonable match between theoretical and experimental luminescence waveforms could be obtained for E/sub CD/=0.88 eV. However, theory and experiment could not be matched simultaneously at three different drive conditions. Further refinement of the model is necessary for predicting the ACTFEL device response for all drive conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessment of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus RNA Load in Sera and Tissues during Acute Infection (2002)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA load in sera and tissues during acute phase of infection was evaluated using a PCR- based quantitative assay. More than 80% of infected pigs (21/25) showed the peak level of viral RNA concentrations in serum (up to 8.6 x 10(8) copies/ml) at day 5 postinfection (PI), and started to clear the virus from the systemic circulation thereafter. Regression analysis using the viral RNA concentrations in sera obtained from days 5 to 14 PI showed that the viral RNA was cleared at the rate of 0.37 log reduction in the number of PRRSV RNA copies per day. It was estimated to be day 27 PI when the viral RNA in the serum of infected pigs becomes undetectable. When correlation analysis was performed between the systemic clearance rate and viral RNA concentrations in tissues of 9 infected pigs obtained at day 14 PI, moderately strong negative correlation was observed in the thymus (r = -0.62) and brain stem (r = -0.48), suggesting the capability of host animal to clear PRRSV from the systemic circulation appears to be related to the viral activity in the thymus and brain stem.
Optimization of Current Breaker and Fault Current Limiter in DC Micro-Grid Based on Faulty Transient Analysis (2018)

It is an effective fault protection strategy in DC micro-grid (DCMG) to use a fault current limiter (FCL) to limit short-circuit current and circuit breaker (CB) to break faulty line. The complex topology of looped-type DCMG increases the difficulty of CB and FCL optimization placement in looped-type DCMG. This paper simplifies the faulty looped-type DCMG model and analyzes expressions of CB currents after faults occur. Then, this paper constructs a CB and FCL optimization placement model. CB breaking capability and FCL inductance are used as optimization goals, while short-circuit breaking capacity of CB is used as constraint condition in the model. Finally, this paper uses an improved NSGA-II to solve the optimal placement of CB and FCL in a five terminal DCMG model.
Towards flexible media sharing: Control and coordination issues in network collaborative virtual environment (2012)

Media is known as a medium of communication among users. Nowadays, the emergence of communication technology allows users in distributed locations to share and work interactively on digital media elements such as artifacts, documents, images, graphics and audio-video files. Users who work on the same project will form four communication relationships (one-to-one, one-to-many, one-to-selected users, many-to-many) and they share the same media. Different types of media require different handling mechanisms, especially when dealing with distributed virtual users on heterogeneous platforms. As a result, controlling and coordinating such media becoming more complex. This paper investigates the control and coordinating factors in relation to media sharing based on platform, users, media access, and API. The investigation involves comparative studies based on related research that focus on media sharing in networked collaborative workspaces. Results from this study are significant to support the control and coordination of flexible media sharing for future research.
A Comparison Between Major Artificial Intelligence Models for Crop Yield Prediction: Case Study of the Midwestern United States, 2006–2015 (2019)

This paper compares different artificial intelligence (AI) models in order to develop the best crop yield prediction model for the Midwestern United States (US). Through experiments to examine the effects of phenology using three different periods, we selected the July–August (JA) database as the best months to predict corn and soybean yields. Six different AI models for crop yield prediction are tested in this research. Then, a comprehensive and objective comparison is conducted between the AI models. Particularly for the deep neural network (DNN) model, we performed an optimization process to ensure the best configurations for the layer structure, cost function, optimizer, activation function, and drop-out ratio. In terms of mean absolute error (MAE), our DNN model with the JA database was approximately 21–33% and 17–22% more accurate for corn and soybean yields, respectively, than the other five AI models. This indicates that corn and soybean yields for a given year can be forecasted in advance, at the beginning of September, approximately a month or more ahead of harvesting time. A combination of the optimized DNN model and spatial statistical methods should be investigated in future work, to mitigate partly clustered errors in some regions.
Mechanism of calcification: Role of collagen fibrils and collagen‐phosphoprotein complexes in vitro and in vivo (1989)

Samples of decalcified chicken bone together with varying concentrations of phosphoproteins from bone or egg yolk (phosvitin) were used in vitro as heterogenous nucleators for the induction of Ca-P apatite crystals. The lag time between exposure of the collagen-phosphoprotein complexes and the time nucleation of crystals occurred decreased as the concentration of Ser(P) and Thr(P) increased. Enzymatic cleavage of the phosphate groups by wheat germ and phosphatase reversed this effort, indicating that the phosphate group per se principally facilitated the nucleation of Ca-P crystals by the phosphoprotein complex and collagen.
The effect of an electric field on a homeotropically aligned smectic C liquid crystal (1995)

Abstract A homeotropically aligned layer of smectic C liquid crystal has been studied using optical excitation of half leaky guided modes. Under the application of an AC voltage, the director configuration changes over a time-scale of the order of seconds. Fitting model results to the recorded angle dependent reflectivity data indicates firstly a change of tilt angle of the primary director, suggesting perhaps a layer tilt, and secondly a reduction of the imaginary part of the optical permittivity, implying a suppression of fluctuations. There is no evidence for a Helfrich-like deformation in the liquid crystal layer. Detailed analysis finally shows that the results are correctly interpreted as an increase in cone angle, not layer tilt, with field. Then from the fitted data, the change of tilt angle with field is obtained and hence information on the mean-field theory parameters.
A 1.28-GHz sigma-delta modulator for video A/D-conversion (1996)

This paper describes the implementation and potential applications of a sigma-delta A/D-converter. A second-order low-pass approach with a single-bit quantization is used. Test ICs using a 20 GHz f/sub T/ Si bipolar technology were fabricated and proven functional.
A general strategy for cellular reprogramming: The importance of transcription factor cross-repression (2013)

Transcription factor cross-repression is an important concept in cellular differentiation. A bistable toggle switch constitutes a molecular mechanism that determines cellular commitment and provides stability to transcriptional programs of binary cell fate choices. Experiments support that perturbations of these toggle switches can interconvert these binary cell fate choices, suggesting potential reprogramming strategies. However, more complex types of cellular transitions could involve perturbations of combinations of different types of multistable motifs. Here, we introduce a method that generalizes the concept of transcription factor cross-repression to systematically predict sets of genes, whose perturbations induce cellular transitions between any given pair of cell types. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first method that systematically makes these predictions without prior knowledge of potential candidate genes and pathways involved, providing guidance on systems where little is known. Given the increasing interest of cellular reprogramming in medicine and basic research, our method represents a useful computational methodology to assist researchers in the field in designing experimental strategies.