gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel synthesis of (.+-.)-perhydrohistrionicotoxin (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel synthesis of (.+-.)-perhydrohistrionicotoxinGary E. Keck and John B. YatesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 18, 3590–3591Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00139a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00139a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views605Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
IP restoration vs. WDM protection: is there an optimal choice? (2000)

The exponentially growing number of Internet users armed with emerging multimedia Internet applications is continuously thirsty for more network capacity. Wavelength-division multiplexing networks that directly support IP-the so-called IP over WDM architecture-have the appropriate characteristics to quench this bandwidth thirst. As everyday life increasingly relies on telecommunication services, users become more and more demanding, and connection reliability is currently as critical as high capacity. Both IP and WDM layers can fulfil this need by providing various resilient schemes to protect users' traffic from disruptions due to network faults. This article first reviews the most common restoration and protection schemes available at the IP and WDM layers. These schemes may be present concurrently in the IP over WDM architecture, with the resilient mechanism of each connection specifically chosen as a function of the overall cost, application requirements, and management complexity. The article describes a versatile heuristic based on simulated annealing that may be adopted to optimize the concurrent use of IP restoration and WDM protection schemes in the same (mesh) network. The proposed heuristic allows varying the percentage of traffic protected by the WDM layer and that of traffic relying on IP restoration, taking into account topology constraints and network cost minimization. An additional feature of the proposed heuristic is the potential to trade solution optimality for computational time, thus yielding fast solutions in support of interactive design.
Manufacture of Road-Paving Asphalt Using Coal Tar (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTManufacture of Road-Paving Asphalt Using Coal TarTsoung-yuan YanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1986, 25, 4, 637–640Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online30 January 2004Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300024a608https://doi.org/10.1021/i300024a608research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Noninvasive Monitoring of Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants: Preliminary Observations (1985)

A noninvasive optical method for bedside monitoring of cerebral oxygenation in small preterm infants was evaluated. Through differential absorbance of near infrared light, changes in the oxidation-reduction level of cytochrome aa3, in the oxygenation state of hemoglobin and in tissue blood volume were assessed in the transilluminated anterior cerebral field. Overall, cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin correlated significantly with transcutaneous oxygen, r = .44 p less than .0001; however, correlation was best in the absence of cardiorespiratory disease. Hypoxia with or without bradycardia led to hemoglobin deoxygenation and a shift in cytochrome aa3 to a more reduced state. When hypoxic episodes came in series or were prolonged, aa3 reduction occurred simultaneous with hemoglobin deoxygenation but its recovery to base-line values sometimes lagged behind the return of hemoglobin oxygenation. In one infant with a large patent ductus arteriosus, even brief episodes of mild bradycardia caused precipitous reduction of cytochrome aa3 before any shift to greater hemoglobin deoxygenation. This response disappeared after ductal ligation. In general, the antecedent state of cerebral oxygenation, the severity and duration of deoxygenation, and the presence or absence of circulatory abnormalities all influenced the aa3 response to hypoxia. Continuous noninvasive near infrared monitoring of cerebral oxygenation can be performed on sick preterm infants at the bedside.
Constraint hierarchies (1987)

Constraints describe relations that must be maintained, and provide a useful tool for such applications as interactive simulations, algorithm animation, and graphical user interface construction. We describe a major overhaul and extension to the constraint satisfaction mechanism in ThingLab, a constraint-oriented simulation laboratory written in the Smalltalk-80 language. First, a specification is presented of constraint hierarchies . Such hierarchies include both required constraints and default constraints of differing strengths, thus adding considerable expressive power to the system. Second, an algorithm for satisfying constraint hierarchies is described. The new satisfier is substantially faster than the previous version, even though it also includes new functionality.
Techno-economic evaluation of stillage treatment with anaerobic digestion in a softwood-to-ethanol process (2010)

Higher energy efficiency options did not necessarily result in lower ethanol production costs. Anaerobic digestion of the stillage with biogas upgrading was demonstrated to be a favourable option for both energy efficiency and ethanol production cost. The difference in the production cost of ethanol between using the whole stillage or only the liquid fraction in anaerobic digestion was negligible for the combination of co-products including upgraded biogas, electricity and district heat.
Conduction aphasia as a function of the dominant posterior perisylvian cortex (2006)

Assessment of eloquent functions during brain mapping usually relies on testing reading, speech, and comprehension to uncover transient deficits during electrical stimulation. These tests stem from findings predicted by the Geschwind-Wernicke hypothesis of receptive and expressive cortices connected by white matter tracts. Later work, however, has emphasized cortical mechanisms of language function. The authors report two cases that demonstrate that conduction aphasia is cortically mediated and can be inadequately assessed if not specifically evaluated during brain mapping. To determine the distribution of language on the dominant cortex, electrical cortical stimulation was performed in two cases by using implanted subdural electrodes during brain mapping before epilepsy surgery. A transient isolated deficit in repetition of language was reported during stimulation of the posterior portion of the dominant superior temporal gyrus in one patient and during stimulation of the supramarginal gyrus in the other patient. These cases demonstrate a localization of language repetition to the posterior perisylvian cortex. Brain mapping of this region should include assessment of verbal repetition to avoid potential deficits resembling conduction aphasia.
Notch and Wnt Signaling: Mimicry and Manipulation by Gamma Herpesviruses (2006)

A small number of fundamental cell signaling pathways are key to the regulation of proliferation and differentiation responses during normal development. Two of these pathways, the Notch and Wnt pathways, have proven to be attractive targets for virus interaction and manipulation. In general, viral gene expression and replication are intimately linked to the differentiation state of the infected cell and, in the case of the gamma herpesviruses, establishment of a lifelong persistent infection in the host is also dependent on the proliferative expansion of an infected B cell population. This review examines the ways in which the gamma herpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) have exploited the Notch and Wnt pathways to advance their own life cycles. The virus-pathway interactions are compared with the mechanisms and outcome of cellular Notch and Wnt signaling.
Microstrip—line split—ring resonators and their application to bandpass filters (1989)

Abstract The author has already reported a much more miniaturized split‐ring resonator compared with the existing one‐wavelength ring resonators by using microstrip lines and a prototype two‐stage tunable bandpass filter. In the present paper, basic characteristics and salient features of split‐ring resonators are summarized. Using a general‐purpose simulation program for analysis of microwave circuits, calculating methods of filter coupling parameters, derived by using generalized expression of inverters, were described. The design chart was constructed indicating the concrete steps for designing. Finally, a three‐stage filter for a 600‐MHz band based on the forementioned results was designed and fabricated, and its operational characteristics were presented. The experimental results agreed quite well with the results of a computer simulation. The validity of the present design method has been confirmed. The bandpass filters using split‐ring resonators have a suitable structure for a high‐frequency hybrid IC. They are considered to be applicable over a wide frequency band in UHF to SHF bands.
Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) for detection of IgG antibodies against coxsackie B viruses (1983)

In tests for IgG antibodies against Coxsackie B viruses in man, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was essentially group-specific and, unlike the type-specific neutralisation test, usually failed to detect rises in antibody titre in paired, acute and convalescent, sera. However, in rabbits immunised against Coxsackie B viruses, ELISA demonstrated both group- and type-specific antibody responses. The lack of type-specificity of ELISA in man is probably because repeated infection with enteroviruses--echoviruses and Coxsackie A as well as Coxsackie B--results in masking of the type-specific antibody response by group-specific antibody.
Low-Latency Audio Pitch Tracking: A Multi-Modal Sensor-Assisted Approach (2014)

This paper presents a multi-modal approach to musical instrument pitch tracking combining audio and position sensor data. Finger location on a violin fingerboard is measured using resistive sensors, allowing rapid detection of approximate pitch. The initial pitch estimate is then used to restrict the search space of an audio pitch tracking algorithm. Most audio-only pitch tracking algorithms face a fundamental tradeoff between accuracy and latency, with longer analysis windows producing better pitch estimates at the cost of noticeable lag in a live performance environment. Conversely, sensor-only strategies struggle to achieve the fine pitch accuracy a human listener would expect. By combining the two approaches, high accuracy and low latency can be simultaneously achieved.
The Blue Luminescence of Zinc Sulfide (1948)

It is shown that the ions Cr−, Br−, and I− play an essential part in the blue centers of , , and phosphors. The centers are assumed to be , and , respectively, (or the corresponding bromides and iodides), and to occupy normal zinc and sulfur sites in the zinc sulfide lattice. The spectral distribution of the fluorescence is the same for the centers containing chlorine or bromine ions; Ag, Zn, and Cu cause bands at slightly different wave lengths.
A Dinuclear Ni(I) System Having a Diradical Ni<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>Diamond Core Resting State: Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic Elucidation, and Reductive Bond Splitting Reactions (2008)

One-electron reduction of the square-planar nickel precursor (PNP)NiCl ( 1) (PNP (-) = N[2-P(CHMe 2) 2-4-methylphenyl] 2) with KC 8 effects ligand reorganization of the pincer ligand to assemble a Ni(I) dimer, [Ni(mu 2-PNP)] 2 ( 2), containing a Ni 2N 2 core structure, as inferred by its solid-state X-ray structure. Solution magnetization measurements are consistent with a paramagnetic Ni(I) system likely undergoing a monomer <--> dimer equilibrium. The room-temperature and 4 K solid-state X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra display anisotropic signals. Low-temperature solid-state X-band EPR data at 4 K reveal rhombic values g z = 1.980(4), g x = 2. 380(4), and g y = 2.225(4), as well as a forbidden signal at g = 4.24 for the Delta M S = 2 half field transition, in accord with 2 having two weakly interacting metal centers. Utilizing an S = 1 model, full spin Hamiltonian simulation of the low-temperature EPR spectrum on the solid sample was achieved by applying a nonzero zero-field-splitting parameter ( D = 0.001 cm (-1)), which is consistent with an S = 0 ground state with a very closely lying S = 1 state. Solid-state magnetization data also corroborate well with our solid-state EPR data and reveal weak antiferromagnetic behavior ( J = -1.52(5) cm (-1)) over a 2-300 K temperature range at a field of 1 Tesla. Evidence for 2 being a masked "(PNP)Ni" scaffold originates from its reaction with N 2CPh 2, which traps the Ni(I) monomer in the form of a T-shaped species, Ni(PNPNNCPh 2), a system that has been structurally characterized. The radical nature of complex 2, or its monomer component, is well manifested through the plethora of cooperative H-X-type bond cleavage reactions, providing the nickel(II) hydride (PNP)NiH and the corresponding rare functionalities -OH, -OCH 3, -PHPh, and -B(catechol) integrated into the (PNP)Ni moiety in equal molar amounts. In addition to splitting H 2, compound 2 can also engage in homolytic X-X bond cleavage reactions of PhXXPh to form (PNP)Ni(XPh) (X = S or Se).
A stochastic algorithm for risk assessment of in-stream contaminant (2002)

Pollution from natural and human sources contaminates open water bodies. Most contaminants are toxic, some are persistent, while others are not. The toxicant poses a risk to the ecosystem, and is a threat to the aquatic species. Many toxicity studies often made inference to human health and set up regulatory guideline for protection. Regulations have been attempted to control pollution at sources through viral eliminations. Unfortunately, these attempts are not fully implemented. This paper sets up a risk method to evaluate statistical characteristics of water quality variables.
Activation of the CKI-CDK-Rb-E2F Pathway in Full Genome Hepatitis C Virus-expressing Cells (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes persistent infection in hepatocytes, and this infection is, in turn, strongly associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. To clarify the mechanisms underlying these effects, we established a Cre/loxP conditional expression system for the precisely self-trimmed HCV genome in human liver cells. Passage of hepatocytes expressing replicable full-length HCV (HCR6-Rz) RNA caused up-regulation of anchorage-independent growth after 44 days. In contrast, hepatocytes expressing HCV structural, nonstructural, or all viral proteins showed no significant changes after passage for 44 days. Only cells expressing HCR6-Rz passaged for 44 days displayed acceleration of CDK activity, hyperphosphorylation of Rb, and E2F activation. These results demonstrate that full genome HCV expression up-regulates the CDK-Rb-E2F pathway much more effectively than HCV proteins during passage.
On the nature of ferroelectricity in Sr1−x A xTiO3 and KTa1−x NbxO3 solid solutions (2002)

Cluster calculations of the local adiabatic potential for an impurity atom in position A in Sr1−x A xTiO3 (A=Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Cd, Zn), as well as for the Nb and O atoms in the Ta-O-Nb chain in KTa1−x NbxO3, were carried out in the nonempirical Hartree-Fock-Roothaan MO-LCAO formalism. For comparison, similar calculations of the local adiabatic potential were performed for a sublattice-A atom in the ATiO3 cubic perovskites (A=Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb), for K and Ta atoms in KTaO3, and for Li in K1−x LixTaO3. The calculations revealed that in all the cases considered, except the Zn, Mg, and Li impurities, the impurity atoms move in single-well potentials and that the corresponding solid solutions are displacive ferroelectrics. Zn in Sr1−x ZnxTiO3 and Mg in Sr1−x MgxTiO3 were found to occupy off-center positions, as does the Li atom in K1−x LixTaO3; i.e., they move in a multiwell local potential. An explanation is proposed for the first-order Raman scattering observed in the paraelectric phase of the above solid solutions with central impurities. The critical concentration x c for the displacive KTa1−x NbxO3 and Sr1−x A xTiO3 solid solutions was calculated in the virtual-crystal approximation within the soft ferroelectric mode theory. The values of x c thus obtained agree with the available experimental data.
Test of genetic heterogeneity of cleft lip with or without cleft palate as related to race and severity (1989)

The question of possible heterogeneity among population groups and phenotypic groups on the role of major gene in the etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate [CL(P)] was examined using the uniformly collected data in Hawaii. Complex segregation analysis was used to analyze patterns of family resemblance under the mixed model incorporating the effects of major gene and multifactorial inheritance. Analysis of the entire data showed superior fit of the mixed model including the effects of both major gene and multifactorial inheritance over the model of major gene alone or multifactorial inheritance alone. No significant heterogeneity could be detected between the high-incidence group (Oriental or Japanese) and the low-incidence group (non-Oriental) in the underlying general model, although higher heritability was observed in general. When families were classified into "severe" and "mild" phenotypes based on cleft lip vs. cleft lip and palate or unilateral vs. bilateral cleft in the proband, no significant differences could be detected between the two types in the underlying genetic model.
The importance of phase in signals (1981)

In the Fourier representation of signals, spectral magnitude and phase tend to play different roles and in some situations many of the important features of a signal are preserved if only the phase is retained. Furthermore, under a variety of conditions, such as when a signal is of finite length, phase information alone is sufficient to completely reconstruct a signal to within a scale factor. In this paper, we review and discuss these observations and results in a number of different contexts and applications. Specifically, the intelligibility of phase-only reconstruction for images, speech, and crystallographic structures are illustrated. Several approaches to justifying the relative importance of phase through statistical arguments are presented, along with a number of informal arguments suggesting reasons for the importance of phase. Specific conditions under which a sequence can be exactly reconstructed from phase are reviewed, both for one-dimensional and multi-dimensional sequences, and algorithms for both approximate and exact reconstruction of signals from phase information are presented. A number of applications of the observations and results in this paper are suggested.
Biology of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (2007)

The discovery of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/RANK/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system and its role in the regulation of bone resorption exemplifies how both serendipity and a logic-based approach can identify factors that regulate cell function. Before this discovery in the mid to late 1990s, it had long been recognized that osteoclast formation was regulated by factors expressed by osteoblast/stromal cells, but it had not been anticipated that members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of ligands and receptors would be involved or that the factors involved would have extensive functions beyond bone remodeling. RANKL/RANK signaling regulates the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts from their precursors as well as their activation and survival in normal bone remodeling and in a variety of pathologic conditions. OPG protects the skeleton from excessive bone resorption by binding to RANKL and preventing it from binding to its receptor, RANK. Thus, RANKL/OPG ratio is an important determinant of bone mass and skeletal integrity. Genetic studies in mice indicate that RANKL/RANK signaling is also required for lymph node formation and mammary gland lactational hyperplasia, and that OPG also protects arteries from medial calcification. Thus, these tumor necrosis factor superfamily members have important functions outside bone. Although our understanding of the mechanisms whereby they regulate osteoclast formation has advanced rapidly during the past 10 years, many questions remain about their roles in health and disease. Here we review our current understanding of the role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in bone and other tissues.
Interfacial reaction during metallization of cured polyimide: An XPS study (1984)

To characterize the intrinsic adhesion properties of various metal–polyimide systems we have used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to monitor interfacial reactions during metallization of cured polyimide at room temperature. In situ measurements were made in a UHV system when monolayers and submonolayers of Cr, Ni, Cu, or Ag film were successively deposited on a freshly cured PI substrate. Examination of the changes in various core electron spectra associated with the substrate and overlayer and their comparison with expected escape length effect indicate that while Cr and Ni react with the pendent oxygen in the substrate, Cu and Ag do not. A simple thermodynamic calculation shows that limiting values can be derived for the effective partial molar free energy of the pendent oxygen in PI, which may be used to predict whether a given metal will form chemical bonds with PI during metallization at room temperature.