gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>: Safety assessment of an oleaginous yeast with a great industrial potential (2013)

Yarrowia lipolytica has been developed as a production host for a large variety of biotechnological applications. Efficacy and safety studies have demonstrated the safe use of Yarrowia-derived products containing significant proportions of Yarrowia biomass (as for DuPont's eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil) or with the yeast itself as the final product (as for British Petroleum's single-cell protein product). The natural occurrence of the species in food, particularly cheese, other dairy products and meat, is a further argument supporting its safety. The species causes rare opportunistic infections in severely immunocompromised or otherwise seriously ill people with other underlying diseases or conditions. The infections can be treated effectively by the use of regular antifungal drugs, and in some cases even disappeared spontaneously. Based on our assessment, we conclude that Y. lipolytica is a "safe-to-use" organism.
The multicomponent AM-FM image representation (1996)

We compute AM-FM representations for multicomponent, nonstationary images using a statistical component model. Components are isolated with a filterbank comprising frequency and orientation selective channels. The modulating functions for each component are estimated from the channel responses using localized nonlinear operators followed by optimal MMSE estimators. We also demonstrate reconstruction from the representation.
Josephson junctions with Nb-Al composite electrodes (1971)

Josephson tunnel junctions have been fabricated incorporporating a thin layer of normal metal which is oxidized to form the tunnel barrier. The tunnel devices tested were of the form Nb/Al/Al2O3/Nb and several milliamperes of Josephson current were observed at 4.2°K. These samples have been found to have better defined tunneling characteristics than samples of the form Nb/NbOx/Nb.
Novel <i>N-</i>Arylpyrazolo[3,2-<i>c</i>]-Based Ligands for the Glucocorticoid Receptor:  Receptor Binding and in Vivo Activity (2004)

A novel series of selective ligands for the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) are described. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were focused on substitution at C-1 and indicated a preference for 3-, 4-, and 5-substituted aromatic and benzylic groups. The resulting analogues, e.g., 18 and 34, exhibited excellent affinity for hGR (IC(50) 1.9 nM and 2.8 nM, respectively) and an interesting partial agonist profile in functional assays of transactivation (tyrosine aminotransferase, TAT, and glutamine synthetase, GS) and transrepression (IL-6). The most potent compounds described in this study were the tertiary alcohol derivatives 21 and 25. These candidates showed highly efficacious IL-6 inhibition versus dexamethasone. The thiophenyl analogue 25 was evaluated in vivo in the mouse LPS challenge model and showed an ED(50) = 4.0 mg/kg, compared to 0.5 mg/kg for prednisolone in the same assay.
Reovirus inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis: role of the S1 gene (1981)

Type 3 reovirus inhibits L cell DNA synthesis, whereas type 1 reovirus exerts little or no effect on L cell DNA synthesis. By using recombinant viruses containing both type 1 and type 3 double-standard RNA segments, we determined that one double-stranded RNA segment, the reovirus type 3 S1 double-stranded RNA segment which encodes the viral hemagglutinin, segregates with and is responsible for the capacity of reovirus type 3 to inhibit L cell DNA synthesis.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES C.J.E.C.1 (1990)

Equal treatment of male and female workers - access to employment and working conditions - Directive 76/207 - prohibition of night work by women - inadmissibility in the absence of an identical provision for men - ILO Convention HEADNOTES Facts The undertaking of which Mr. Stoeckel was director, in France, had faced eco- nomic difficulties. In order to limit the number of dismissals it had agreed with the trade unions concerned that, exceptionally and solely for the period of economic difficulty, continuous working would be introduced; this implied night work for the entire staff. In order to give female
Indole‐3‐propionic acid attenuates neuronal damage and oxidative stress in the ischemic hippocampus (2009)

Tryptophan-derived indole compounds have been widely investigated as antioxidants and as free-radical scavengers. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), one of these compounds, is a deamination product of tryptophan. In the present study, we used Mongolian gerbils to investigate IPA's neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage and its antioxidative effects in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia. The repeated oral administration of IPA (10 mg/kg) for 15 days before ischemic surgery protected neurons from ischemic damage. In this group, the percentage of cresyl violet-positive neurons in the CA1 was 56.8% compared with that in the sham group. In the vehicle-treated group, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-, S-100-, and vimentin-immunoreactive astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1)- and isolectin B4 (IB4)-immunoreactive microglia were activated 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion, whereas in the IPA-treated ischemic group, GFAP, S-100, Iba-1, and IB4, but not vimentin, immunoreactivity was distinctly lower than that in the vehicle-treated ischemic groups. The administration of IPA significantly decreased the level of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in ischemic hippocampal homogenates compared with that in the vehicle-treated ischemic groups at various times after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, immunostaining for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine showed DNA damage in pyramidal neurons in the ischemic CA1 was significantly lower in the IPA-treated ischemic groups than in the vehicle-treated ischemic groups. These results suggest that IPA protects neurons from ischemia-induced neuronal damage by reducing DNA damage and lipid peroxidation.
Optical fiber-based dispersion compensation using higher order modes near cutoff (1994)

Higher order spatial modes in optical fibers exhibit large, negative chromatic dispersion when operated near their cutoff wavelength. By using a spatial mode-converter to selectively excite a higher order mode in specially designed multimode fiber, this dispersion can be used to compensate the positive dispersion in conventional single-mode fiber spans. In this paper, issues related to compensating fiber and mode-converter design are explored. Experimental measurements in specially designed two-mode fibers operated in LP/sub 11/ mode show negative dispersion as large as -70 ps/nm/spl middot/km at 1555 nm. Pulse propagation and system experiments employing spatial mode-converters to excite LP/sub 11/ mode in a two-mode fiber demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for dispersion compensation in lightwave systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generating Scientific Illustrations in Digital Books (2000)

To build devices offering users comfortable experience, it is important to focus on form factor and multifunctionality. In this study, for the first time, multifunctional Zn clusters with shape memory, self-healing, triboelectricity, and optical sensing synergized with rollable form factor are designed and fabricated by coordinating COO<sup>-</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> . As pore forming agent, Zn clusters produce hierarchical porous structure depending on Zn amount. Zn clusters are applied as message transmitters and charge containers in optical sensing and corona charge injection, respectively. Moreover, Zn clusters in PVB-COO-Zn serve as positive tribomaterial due to Zn ion doping effect, increasing the output performance as the Zn amount reaches 20 wt%. In addition, injecting positive charge into PVB-COO-Zn 20 lead to more than 24 times increase in output performance compared to those of non-porous structures. The reversibility of Zn clusters endows shape memory and self-healing, synergized with the rollable form factor. The rollability is implemented using the long alkyl chain and the energy absorption of porous structure, providing damage resistance. The advancements in this work provide opportunities for multifunctional and unique applications (shape memory rotating-triboelectric nanogenerator, rollable self-healing touchpad, hidden tag) synergized with rollability that accomplishes working in broadened condition in near future.
Effect of Recombinant Placental Growth Factor 2 on Hypertension Induced by Full-Length Mouse Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Adenoviral Vector in Pregnant Mice (2009)

The first aim of our study was to develop a pregnant mouse model for preeclampsia using adenoviral vector containing mouse full-length soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) but not truncated sFlt-1. The second aim was to evaluate effects of recombinant mouse (rm) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and rm placental growth factor (PlGF) on a preeclampsia model induced by adenoviral vector containing mouse full-length sFlt-1. We injected adenoviral vector containing mouse full-length sFlt-1 on day 8.5 or 9.5 of gestation into pregnant Institute of Cancer Research mice, resulting in hypertension, proteinuria, and similar glomerular histological changes as those seen in human preeclamptic women with glomerular endotheliosis on day 16.5 or 17.5 of gestation. The preeclampsia models were treated with 100 microg/kg of rmVEGF164 (n=5), 100 microg/kg of rmPlGF-2 (n=5), or vehicle (n=7) twice a day for 2 days IP. The rmVEGF164 treatment significantly decreased the mean blood pressure on day 16.5 or 17.5 of gestation compared with the vehicle treatment (85+/-4 versus 97+/-2 mm Hg; P=0.018). The rmPlGF-2 treatment also significantly decreased the mean blood pressure on day 16.5 or 17.5 of gestation compared with the vehicle treatment (86+/-3 versus 97+/-2 mm Hg; P=0.018). However, proteinuria was not affected by either rmVEGF164 or rmPlGF-2. In conclusion, we, for the first time, created a mouse preeclampsia model using mouse full-length sFlt-1. VEGF and PlGF may be promising for ameliorating hypertension in women with preeclampsia. Additional study of PlGF as a potential drug for preeclampsia is warranted.
Chemical and Biomedical Motifs of the Reactions of Hydroxymethylphosphines with Amines, Amino Acids, and Model Peptides (1999)

The reactions of tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP, 1), 1,2-bis(bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino)benzene (HMPB, 2), and 1,2-bis(bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino)ethane (HMPE, 3) with various amines including amino acids and model peptides have been explored. The reactions of these multifunctional phosphines with excess amino acids unexpectedly produced monomeric products. The reaction of THP with excess glycine produced THP(glycine)3 (4) in high yield. The reactions of HMPB with the secondary amines N-methylaniline and diethylamine produced the compounds HMPB(N-methylaniline)4 (5) and HMPB(diethylamine)4 (6), respectively. However, the reactions of HMPB and HMPE with excess glycine produced trans annular-bonded bicyclic compounds HMPB(glycine)2 (7) and HMPE(glycine)2 (10). The reactions of HMPB with excess alanine and glycylglycylglycine were also explored to determine the generality of the reactions and correspondingly yielded the novel heterocyclic compounds HMPB(alanine)2 (8) and HMPB(gly-gly-gly)2 (9), respectively. The products are oxidatively stable in air and under a wide pH range. All of the new compounds have been characterized by a combination of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, and the molecular structures of compounds 4, 5, 7, and 10 have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Intracellular acidification induces apoptosis by stimulating ICE-like protease activity (1997)

ICE-like protease activation and DNA fragmentation are preceded by a decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) during apoptosis in the IL-3 dependent cell line BAF3. Acidification occurs after 7 hours in cells deprived of IL-3 and after 4 hours when cells are treated with etoposide, close to the time of detection of ICE-like protease activity. Increasing extracellular pH reduces ICE-like protease activation and DNA fragmentation. Bcl-2 over-expression both delays acidification and inhibits ICE-like protease activation. Generation of a rapid intracellular pH decrease, using the ionophore nigericin, induces ICE-like protease activation and apoptosis. ZVAD, a cell permeable inhibitor of ICE-like proteases, does not affect acidification but inhibits apoptosis induced by IL-3 removal or nigericin treatment. These data suggest that intracellular acidification triggers apoptosis by directly or indirectly activating ICE-like proteases.
The permeability of the nuclear envelope in dividing and nondividing cell cultures. (1990)

The objective of this study was to determine whether the permeability characteristics of the nuclear envelope vary during different phases of cellular activity. Both passive diffusion and signal-mediated transport across the envelope were analyzed during the HeLa cell cycle, and also in dividing, confluent (growth-arrested), and differentiated 3T3-L1 cultures. Colloidal gold stabilized with BSA was used to study diffusion, whereas transport was investigated using gold particles coated with nucleoplasmin, a karyophilic Xenopus oocyte protein. The gold tracers were microinjected into the cytoplasm, and subsequently localized within the cells by electron microscopy. The rates of diffusion in HeLa cells were greatest during the first and fifth hours after the onset of anaphase. These results correlate directly with the known rates of pore formation, suggesting that pores are more permeable during or just after reformation. Signal-mediated transport in HeLa cells occurs through channels that are located within the pore complexes and have functional diameters up to 230-250 A. Unlike diffusion, no significant differences in transport were observed during different phases of the cell cycle. A comparison of dividing and confluent 3T3-L1 cultures revealed highly significant differences in the transport of nucleoplasmin-gold across the envelope. The nuclei of dividing cells not only incorporated larger particles (230 A versus 190 A in diameter, including the protein coat), but the relative uptake of the tracer was about seven times greater than that in growth-arrested cells. Differentiation of confluent cells to adipocytes was accompanied by an increase in the maximum diameter of the transport channel to approximately 230 A.
Unusual Conformational Isomer of 9,10-Dihydro-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octapropylanthracene in Solid State (2002)

Abstract The unusual conformational isomer 1b(2) of 9,10-dihydro-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octapropylanthracene with three continuous propyl groups up was selectively prepared.
Microchip electrophoresis and the analysis of polymerase chain reaction products (2002)

Performing capillary electrophoresis (CE) on microchips has made great progress toward practical applications in recent years. This article describes using microchip-based CE, with and without the integrated function for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the analysis of PCR products. The author compares these chip-based electrophoretic methods with several existing methods and other potential competitors. She also discusses the methods' advantages and limitations and summarizes the future of microchip platforms with fully integrated functions for genetic analysis.
Wax On, Wax Off: Pubic Hair Grooming and Potential Complications (2014)

Pubichairgrooming isbecomingan increasinglycommonpracticeamong women of all societies and demographic groups. In the United States, womenaremore likely togroomfor reasons that are sexuallydrivenand aremore likely to stopgroomingwhen lacking a current sexual partner. Further, pubic hair removal is significantly associated with a greater interest in sex and having a casual sex partner. Waxing is apopularepilation technique forpubichair removal,which involves applying hot wax to an area of skin that is then covered with muslin. The muslin is quickly removed, extracting the wax and unwanted hairs from the pubic area. Although relatively safe, waxing can cause microtrauma to the skin and its underlying structures with reported complications that include folliculitis, local spread of infection, burns, and syringoma development. Waxing-inducedfolliculitisofthepubicarea isacommoncomplication, usually secondary to infectionwithStaphylococcusaureus,Streptococcus pyogenes, orPseudomonasaeruginosa. The sourceof infectionmaybe normalskin flora,autoinoculation,contaminationofwaxingtools,orcolonizationof the individualperformingtheprocedure.Other infectionscan occur, andone reportdescribedawomanwithpoorly controlled insulindependent diabetesmellituswhodevelopedherpes simplex virus reactivationandsubsequentgroupAstreptococcustoxicshocksyndromefollowinga“Brazilian”bikiniwax.Anotherreportdescribedthedevelopment ofsyringomas in thegroin regionofa31-year-oldman,whichwasthought to be an inflammatory, hyperplastic response to repetitivewaxing. Pubichairwaxingcanalsocauseburns,withmostbeingsuperficialorpartialthicknessburns.Severeburnsrequiringdebridementandsplit skingrafting have been described following the use of self–waxing kits. Waxingcausesdeficits in themucocutaneousbarrier thatmaybesufficient for viral entry and transmission, potentially increasing the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs). One study demonstrated a correlation between sexually transmitted molluscum contagiosumand theuseof pubic hair removal practices. Still, there is a paucityofdataregardingtransmissionofotherviralagents, likelycomplicated bytheasymptomaticgenital sheddingofherpessimplexvirusesand long latency periods of human papillomaviruses. Becauseof itspopularity, healthpractitioners shouldbeawareof the potential dermatologic and systemic complications associatedwithpubic hairwaxing.While it has been shown that pubic hairwaxing directly correlates with increased sexual prevalence, more studies are necessary to further elucidate the risk of STI transmission after waxing. Individualswhowax their pubic hair shouldbe informedof this possible risk and perhaps be advised to abstain from sexual activity for a certain period of time after waxing.
Mechanisms of Sec61/SecY-Mediated Protein Translocation Across Membranes (2012)

The Sec61 or SecY channel, a universally conserved protein-conducting channel, translocates proteins across and integrates proteins into the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and the prokaryotic plasma membrane. Depending on channel-binding partners, polypeptides are moved by different mechanisms. In cotranslational translocation, the ribosome feeds the polypeptide chain directly into the channel. In posttranslational translocation, a ratcheting mechanism is used by the ER-lumenal chaperone BiP in eukaryotes, and a pushing mechanism is utilized by the SecA ATPase in bacteria. In prokaryotes, posttranslational translocation is facilitated through the function of the SecD/F protein. Recent structural and biochemical data show how the channel opens during translocation, translocates soluble proteins, releases hydrophobic segments of membrane proteins into the lipid phase, and maintains the barrier for small molecules.
Overexpression of a rice defense‐related F‐box protein gene <i>OsDRF1</i> in tobacco improves disease resistance through potentiation of defense gene expression <sup>†</sup> (2008)

F-box proteins play important roles in plant growth/development and responses to environmental stimuli through targeting substrates into degradation machinery. A rice defense-related F-box protein gene, OsDRF1, was cloned and identified during a course of study aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of induced immunity in rice. OsDRF1 encodes a protein of 328 amino acids, containing a highly conserved F-box domain. Expression of OsDRF1 was induced upon treatment with benzothiadiazole (BTH), a chemical inducer of defense responses in rice. Moreover, in BTH-treated rice seedlings, expression of OsDRF1 was further induced by infection with Magnaporthe grisea, the rice blast fungus, compared with those in water-treated seedlings. OsDRF1 was also upregulated in rice seedlings after treatment with ABA. Overexpression of OsDRF1 in transgenic tobacco resulted in enhanced disease resistance against tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and strengthened expression of defense-related genes after salicylic acid treatment or ToMV infection. Root elongation of the OsDRF1-overexpressing transgenic seedlings was significantly inhibited by ABA, indicating that overexpression of OsDRF1 resulted in increased ABA sensitivity. The results suggest that OsDRF1 plays a role in disease resistance via upregulating defense-related gene expression and that OsDRF1 may also be involved in the response to ABA.
Genetic Analysis of Sliding Motility in <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2000)

A screen for nonsliding mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis yielded 20 mutants with transposon insertions in the mps gene, which is involved in glycopeptidolipid biosynthesis. One mutant had an insertion in a gene predicted to encode a membrane transport protein. All mutants lacked glycopeptidolipids and were unable to form biofilms on polyvinyl chloride.
Leucine alters the interaction of the leucine‐responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) with the <i>fim</i> switch to stimulate site‐specific recombination in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

The leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) is a global regulator that controls the expression of numerous operons in Escherichia coli. Lrp can act as a repressor or as an activator of transcription with its effects being potentiated, repressed or unaffected by the presence of exogenous leucine. The phase variation of type 1 fimbria in E. coli provides a unique system in which to investigate the effects of leucine on Lrp, as it is the only known example in which Lrp is a positive regulator and leucine potentiates this effect. Previous studies determined that Lrp binds with high affinity to two sites within the fim switch (fim sites 1 and 2), and binding to these sites stimulates recombination. Here, it is shown that, even though leucine stimulates the fim switch in vivo, it nevertheless causes a slight decrease in Lrp binding to the fim switch in vitro. These contradictory results are explicable by the finding that Lrp binding to a third region adjacent to fim sites 1 and 2 inhibits recombination. According to this model, leucine stimulates recombination by selectively disrupting Lrp binding to this newly characterized region, while having little or no effect on Lrp binding to fim sites 1 and 2.