gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plants expressing a<i>miR164</i>-resistant<i>CUC2</i>gene reveal the importance of post-meristematic maintenance of phyllotaxy in<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2007)

In plants, the arrangement of organs along the stem (phyllotaxy) follows a predictable pattern. Recent studies have shown that primordium position at the meristem is governed by local auxin gradients, but little is known about the subsequent events leading to the phyllotaxy along the mature stem. We show here that plants expressing a miR164-resistant CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON2 (CUC2) gene have an abnormal phyllotactic pattern in the fully grown stem, despite the pattern of organ initiation by the meristem being normal. This implies that abnormal phyllotaxy is generated during stem growth. These plants ectopically express CUC2 in the stem, suggesting that the proper timing of CUC2 expression is required to maintain the pattern initiated in the meristem. Furthermore, by carefully comparing the phyllotaxy in the meristem and along the mature inflorescence in wild types, we show that such deviation also occurs during wild-type development, although to a smaller extent. We therefore suggest that the phyllotactic pattern in a fully grown stem results not only from the organogenetic activity of the meristem, but also from the subsequent growth pattern during stem development.
Evidence for sequential signals in the induction of the arachidonic acid cascade in macrophages. (1986)

We have examined the requirement for Na+, Ca2+, and protein synthesis in the induction of the arachidonic acid (20:4) cascade in cultured murine peritoneal macrophages. Replacement of extracellular Na+ with choline or with K+ inhibited receptor-mediated 20:4 release by 60-90%, but did not inhibit release stimulated by the soluble triggers PMA and A23187. Cells that had preingested zymosan particles in a K+ medium could be induced to secrete 20:4 metabolites merely by changing the medium to one containing Na+. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 caused cells in Na+-free medium to release and metabolize 20:4 to prostacyclin, PGE2, leukotriene C, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, suggesting that the phospholipase(s), cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase enzymes do not have a requirement for extracellular Na+. These data suggest that receptor-mediated 20:4 secretion has a requirement for extracellular Na+, while 20:4 release triggered by soluble stimuli do not. Immune complex- and A23187-induced 20:4 release was absolutely dependent on extracellular Ca2+. PMA-triggered 20:4 secretion was inhibited 50% in Ca2+-free medium, but could be inhibited completely by preloading the cells with the Ca2+ antagonist quinine. Protein and RNA synthesis was required for 20:4 release induced by zymosan, immune complex, and PMA, but not by A23187. Cycloheximide and emetine were effective within 15 min of addition, while actinomycin D was an effective inhibitor within 45 min. We suggest that receptor-mediated signal response coupling in the 20:4 cascade in macrophages comprises a sequential series of signals that includes an Na+ influx, synthesis of a rapid turnover-protein, and finally an increase in intracellular Ca2+.
[Bacteriocins and their ecological position]. (1976)

The author discusses the position of bacteriocins in ecology on the basis of the data accumulated to date in the speciality literature, referring to: (a)the great and varied number of bacteriocinogenic bacterial strains; (b)the classification of bacteriocins in terms of their structure, chemical composition and physico-chemical properties; (c)spectrum of activity; (d)elements of differentiation and similarity with other ecologic systems (virsuses, the genetic entities of other microorganisms, interrelations, bacteriocinogeny and certain genetic recombination phenomena). Bacteriocinogeny is regarded as a biologic process, the result of natural selection. Stress is laid on the importance of the bacteriocinogenic and bacteriocinosensitive properties, next to the lysogeny of bacteria, for the classification of microorganisms. It is foreseen that in the future purified bacteriocins may perhaps be used in therapy, at least in certain cases.
Oxidative modification of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Decreases in the thermodynamic stability of protein structure and specific changes in the active site conformation. (1992)

Metal catalyzed oxidation of specific amino acid residues has been proposed to be an important physiological mechanism of marking proteins for proteolytic degradation. After initial oxidative inactivation of dodecameric Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase (GS), the integrity of the GS active site and protein structure was assessed by monitoring ATP binding, observing a susceptibility of GS to tryptic cleavage, and comparative thermodynamic analysis. The tryptic cleavage rates of an active site linked central loop were significantly accelerated for the oxidized conformer. This tryptic cleavage was essentially prevented in the presence of glutamate for native GS but not for the oxidized conformer. The integrity of the ATP binding site in the oxidized GS was substantially altered as indicated by the reduction in fluorescence enhancement associated with ATP binding. Decreases in the free energies of quaternary protein structure and subunit interactions due to oxidative modification were determined by temperature and urea induced unfolding equilibrium measurements. Comparative thermal stability measurements of a partial unfolding transition indicated that the loss in stabilization free energy for the oxidized GS conformer was 1.3 kcal/mol dodecamer. Under alkaline conditions, the urea-induced disruption of quaternary and tertiary structures of oxidized and native GS were examined. This comparative analysis revealed that the free energies of the subunit interactions and unfolding of the dissociated monomers for oxidized GS were decreased by 1.5 and 1.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Our results suggest that small free energy decreases in GS protein structural stability of only 1-2 kcal/mol may be responsible for the selective proteolytic turnover of the oxidized GS.
Technical Note: Cost-efficient approaches to measure carbon dioxide (CO <sub>2</sub> ) fluxes and concentrations in terrestrial and aquatic environments using mini loggers (2015)

Abstract. Fluxes of CO2 are important for our understanding of the global carbon cycle and greenhouse gas balances. Several significant CO2 fluxes in nature may still be unknown as illustrated by recent findings of high CO2 emissions from aquatic environments, previously not recognized in global carbon balances. Therefore, it is important to develop convenient and affordable ways to measure CO2 in many types of environments. At present, direct measurements of CO2 fluxes from soil or water, or CO2 concentrations in surface water, are typically labor intensive or require costly equipment. We here present an approach with measurement units based on small inexpensive CO2 loggers, originally made for indoor air quality monitoring, that were tested and adapted for field use. Measurements of soil–atmosphere and lake–atmosphere fluxes, as well as of spatiotemporal dynamics of water CO2 concentrations (expressed as the equivalent partial pressure, pCO2aq) in lakes and a stream network are provided as examples. Results from all these examples indicate that this approach can provide a cost- and labor-efficient alternative for direct measurements and monitoring of CO2 flux and pCO2aq in terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Auto-learning Web Information Extraction Based on XML (2008)

Internet provides us explosive information and involves massive important and useful knowledge within the abundant Web resources. Info explosion and knowledge deficiency are big troubles confronting modern civilization due to the inconvenience of locating the vital data interested by user via search engine. However,the auto-realization of Web info extraction could significantly enhance the efficiency of info absorbing. It can also discover as well as analyze targeted info,discard redundant data and extract user-knowledge-domain-info. This article analyzes Web info extraction methodology based on XML,discusses related technology concerning application of such methodology,establishes Web info extraction model in order to realize auto-extraction of Web info via auto-learning the regulations of Web info extraction.
A Fully Integrated Multisite Pressure Sensor for Wireless Arterial Flow Characterization (2006)

This paper presents a fully integrated battery-free sensing system that uses a two-site wireless pressure measurement for the detection of arterial stenosis. The remotely powered system uses a backscatter-modulated passive-telemetry interface and transmits sensor as well as reference information to an external system. The monolithic process used to realize the system integrates a 3 /spl mu/m BiCMOS circuit with silicon-on-glass absolute pressure sensors and an on-chip antenna. The wireless sensor interface consumes 340 /spl mu/W and uses capacitance-to-frequency conversion for readout of the vacuum-sealed pressure transducers. The integrated device has a 200 /spl mu/m profile and a volume of 2 mm/sup 3/. The system can sense a reduction in flow of 13%, corresponding to a differential pressure of 3 mmHg.
Initiation to heroin injecting among heroin users in Sydney, Australia: cross sectional survey (2005)

BACKGROUND: Heroin injection is associated with health and social problems including hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. Few studies have examined the circumstances surrounding initiation to heroin injecting, especially current users initiating others. The current study aimed to examine the age of first heroin use and injection; administration route of first heroin use; relationship to initiator; the initiation of others among a group of heroin users; and to examine these factors in relation to HCV status and risk. METHOD: Heroin users in Sydney were recruited through needle and syringe programs, a methadone clinic and snowballing. Participants were interviewed about their own initiation to heroin use, blood-borne virus risk and knowledge, and whether they had initiated others to heroin injecting. Information on HCV status was collected via self-report. Data was analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques for Normally distributed continuous and categorical data. RESULTS: The study recruited 399 heroin users, with a mean age of 31 years, 63% were male, 77% reported heroin as their primary drug and 59% were HCV positive (self-report). Mean age at first heroin use and injection was 19 and 21 years, respectively. The majority of heroin users commenced heroin use via injecting (65%), younger users (<25 years, 25-30 years) were less likely than older users (>30 years) to commence heroin use parenterally. Participants were initiated to injection mainly by friends (63%). Thirty-seven percent reported initiating others to heroin injection, but few factors were related to this behaviour. Those with longer heroin using careers were more likely to report initiating others to heroin injection, but were no more likely to have done so in the preceding 12 months. Participants who had initiated others were more likely to have shared injecting equipment (12 vs 23%), but were no more likely to be HCV positive (self-report) than those who did not. CONCLUSION: Interventions to prevent heroin users initiating others to injecting are necessary. Peer groups may be well positioned to implement such interventions.
Radio Protocols for LTE and LTE‐Advanced (2012)

Provides a unique focus on radio protocols for LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) Giving readers a valuable understanding of LTE radio protocols, this book covers LTE (Long-Term Evolution) Layer 2/3 radio protocols as well as new features including LTE-Advanced. It is divided into two sections to differentiate between the two technologies' characteristics. The authors systematically explain the design principles and functions of LTE radio protocols during the development of mobile handsets. The book also provides essential knowledge on the interaction between mobile networks a
Thermal conductivity of a classical one-dimensional Heisenberg spin model (2005)

We investigate the thermal conductivity of classical spin chains through a Green-Kubo approach using both Monte Carlo and Langevin simulations as well as by direct numerical determination of the microscopic heat transfer processes. All three approaches show that magnetic heat conductivity is normal for all finite temperatures and magnetic fields. In ferromagnets, heat conduction grows linearly with the magnetic field while in antiferromagnets this holds only at high fields. At low fields a quadratic decrease leading to a minimum is attributed to spin mode velocity suppression.
Performance evaluation of spread spectrum communication and ranging system with interference from other vehicles (2003)

This paper examines the characteristics in Inter-Vehicles Communication (IVC) and Ranging with Co-Channel interference using spread spectrum (SS) communication. and ranging system. We proposed the concatenated EOE sequence, which is composed by inner-sequences with EOE sequences and an outer-sequence with an M-sequence. EOE sequences were proposed. EOE sequences have equivalently good properties of both even and odd correlation, which are important for acquisition and demodulation in SS communications. Usually, the concatenated sequences that Pseudo Noise (PN)-sequences are connected simply have bad properties of auto-correlation. Inner-sequences that composed the concatenated EOE sequence have well properties of correlation. Moreover, the concatenated sequence is regarded as a sequence has good properties of auto-correlation. This results in low peaks for auto-correlation of the concatenated EOE sequences, which is useful for achieving stable acquisition. The proposal sequences have long period. Therefore the concatenated EOE sequence is suitable for a spread spectrum communication and ranging system uniquely.
Mobile robot tracking in the BSN using support vector machine (2011)

This paper presents a localization algorithm for mobile node, such as robot in the binary sensor network. The binary sensor network can be constructed with any systems, wireless LANs or other communication methods. Our proposed location estimation process is based on support vector machine. We find optimal separating hyperplane which classifies sensor groups, and we estimate the position of mobile robot with radio range constraints. The proposed method can be used in the noisy communication environment. Simulation results are given to show the better performance of the proposed method than other methods.
Finite-Time Regret Bounds for the Multiarmed Bandit Problem (1998)

We show finite-time regret bounds for the multiarmed bandit problem under the assumption that all rewards come from a bounded and fixed range. Our regret bounds after any number T of pulls are of the form a+b log T +c log 2 T , where a, b, and c are positive constants not depending on T . These bounds are shown to hold for variants of the popular &quot;-greedy and Boltzmann allocation rules, and for a new simple deterministic allocation rule. Moreover, our results also apply to an extension of the basic bandit problem in which reward distributions can depend, to some extent, from previous pulls and observed rewards. Finally, we discuss the empirical performance of our algorithms with respect to specific choices of the reward distributions. 1 INTRODUCTION One of the fundamental issues in reinforcement learning is the exploration versus exploitation dilemma, whose simplest instance is, perhaps, the bandit problem. In its most basic formulation, a bandit problem is a set of N (with N ? 1)...
Comparative Proteomics Analysis Suggests that Placental Mitochondria are Involved in the Development of Pre-Eclampsia (2013)

This preliminary work provides a better understanding of the proteomic alterations of mitochondria from pre-eclamptic placentae and may aid in our understanding of the importance of mitochondria in the development of pre-eclampsia.
Turn-on Fluorescence Detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and TATP (2008)

Peroxide-based explosives, like triacetone triperoxide (TATP), are important targets for detection because of their broad use in improvised explosives but pose challenges. We report a highly sensitive turn-on fluorescence detection for H2O2 and organic peroxides, including TATP. The detection strategy relies on oxidative deboronation to unmask H2Salen, which subsequently binds Zn(2+) to form fluorescent Zn(Salen). Sensitivity is excellent, with detection limits below 10 nM for H2O2, TATP, and benzoyl peroxide. In addition, acid treatment is necessary to sense TATP, suggesting the potential to discriminate between H2O2 and TATP based upon minimal sample pretreatment.
A freshwater anaerobe coupling acetate oxidation to tetrachloroethylene dehalogenation (1996)

Strain TT4B has been isolated from anaerobic sediments known to be contaminated with a variety of organic solvents. It is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium and grew anaerobically with acetate as the electron donor and tetrachloroethylene as the electron acceptor in a mineral medium. cis-Dichloroethylene was the halogenated product. This strain did not grow fermentatively and used only acetate or pyruvate as electron donors. Tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene were used as electron acceptors, as were ferric nitriloacetate and fumarate. Nitrogen and sulfur oxyanions were not able to substitute as the electron acceptor for this organism. Modest growth occurred in a two-phase system with 1 ml of hexadecane containing 50 to 200 mM tetrachloroethylene (aqueous concentrations, 25 to 100 microM) and 10 ml of anaerobic mineral solution with Na2S as the reducing agent. Growth was completely inhibited at tetrachloroethylene levels above 100 microM.
El proceso de internacionalización de las empresas hoteleras (2008)

El presente trábalo, realizado tras una revisión de la literatura existente en materia de internacionalización, presenta un estudio sobre la internacionalización de las cadenas hoteleras, haciendo especial referencia a la expansión exterior de los grupos españoles. Una vez conocida la oferta exterior de este sector –cadena internacionalizadas, países a donde dirigen sus inversiones, número de hoteles en estos destinos-, así como los instrumentos y medidas de apoyo desarrollados por la administración española para promover la inversión exterior, se lleva a cabo un trabajo de campo cuyo objetivo es conocer que variables han indicado más en el proceso de expansión de las cadenas españolas en Hispanoamérica en la última década. Finalmente, con base en este estudio empírico se propone algunas actuaciones a desarrollar por estos destinos si quieren seguir atrayendo inversores españoles.
Involvement of the Ets-1 gene in overexpression of matrilysin in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (2000)

Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to be involved in the invasion and metastasis of a variety of malignant tumors, including human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the mechanisms for the expression of MMPs in HCC are not known. To understand the mechanism(s) of MMP expression, the expression of matrilysin (MMP-7) and several genes of the Ets transcription factor family was investigated in human HCC and hepatoma-derived cell lines. The role of Ets-1 gene expression in HCC was also studied. Analysis by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that MMP-7 and Ets-1 are overexpressed and closely associated in HCC. To clarify the role of Ets-1, hepatoma cells were transduced with human Ets-1 or targeted with the Ets-1-specific antisense oligonucleotides. Cells stably transduced with the Ets-1 gene showed increased MMP-7 expression compared to parental and mock-transfected cells. Cells targeted with Ets-1-specific antisense oligonucleotides showed reduced expression of MMP-7. Cotransfection of cells with a MMP-7 promoter-reporter gene plasmid and an Ets-1 expression vector yielded an increase in MMP-7 promoter activity in an Ets-1-responsive element-dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggested that the Ets-1 oncogene is up-regulated and involved in the overexpression of MMP-7 in human HCC and may contribute to the progression of HCC.
Delayed Single-Tap Frequency-Domain Chromatic-Dispersion Compensation (2012)

A long-haul transmission of 100 Gb/s without optical chromatic-dispersion (CD) compensation provides a range of benefits regarding cost effectiveness, power budget, and nonlinearity tolerance. The channel memory is largely dominated by CD in this case with an intersymbol-interference spread of more than 100 symbol durations. An efficient implementation of digital CD compensation is feasible by frequency-domain (FD) filtering. Still the large size of the Fourier transform requires a high gate-count and a large chip size. We propose a new FD filtering on the basis of a nonmaximally decimated discrete Fourier transform filter bank with a trivial prototype filter and a delayed single-tap equalizer per sub-band. This method, which can be regarded as an extension to the popular overlap-save method, allows us to increase the CD tolerance drastically. At the same time, the implementation complexity is not altered apart from adding simple memory elements realizing sub-band delays. With this technique, the uncompensated trans-Pacific transmission becomes feasible with the digital CD compensation.
Toward a new paradigm of DNA writing using a massively parallel sequencing platform and degenerate oligonucleotide (2016)

All synthetic DNA materials require prior programming of the building blocks of the oligonucleotide sequences. The development of a programmable microarray platform provides cost-effective and time-efficient solutions in the field of data storage using DNA. However, the scalability of the synthesis is not on par with the accelerating sequencing capacity. Here, we report on a new paradigm of generating genetic material (writing) using a degenerate oligonucleotide and optomechanical retrieval method that leverages sequencing (reading) throughput to generate the desired number of oligonucleotides. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the feasibility of our concept in digital information storage in DNA. In simulation, the ability to store data is expected to exponentially increase with increase in degenerate space. The present study highlights the major framework change in conventional DNA writing paradigm as a sequencer itself can become a potential source of making genetic materials.
Self-assembly of polypeptide-based copolymers into diverse aggregates (2011)

Recently, increasing attention has been given to the self-assembly behavior of polypeptide-based copolymers. Polypeptides can serve as either shell-forming or core-forming blocks in the formation of various aggregates. The solubility and rigidity of polypeptide blocks have been found to have a profound effect on the self-assembly behavior of polypeptide-based copolymers. Polypeptide graft copolymers combine the advantages of a grafting strategy and the characteristics of polypeptide chains and their self-assembly behavior can be easily adjusted by choosing different polymer chains and copolymer architectures. Fabricating hierarchical structures is one of the attractive topics of self-assembly research of polypeptide copolymers. These hierarchical structures are promising for use in preparing functional materials and, thus, attract increasing attention. Computer simulations have emerged as powerful tools to investigate the self-assembly behavior of polymers, such as polypeptides. These simulations not only support the experimental results, but also provide information that cannot be directly obtained from experiments. In this feature article, recent advances in both experimental and simulation studies for the self-assembly behavior of polypeptide-based copolymers are reviewed.