gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time speech intelligibility enhancement based on the background noise analysis (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of dual-channel speech enhancement based on noise analysis in real time. In previous algorithms related to the speech intelligibility, the improvement in intelligibility is mostly incorporated in a single-channel environment where the speech and noise signals are mixed together. In this paper, we deal with the dual-channel speech enhancement algorithm which enhances the intelligibility by reinforcing speech before it is mixed with noise. While talking on the cellular phone in a noisy condition, turning up the volume can enhance the speech intelligibility. However, we provide an algorithm which results in a significant intelligibility improvement compared to turning up the volume. The algorithm is computationally efficient so that it can be implemented in a cellular phone.
Cullin-4A·DNA Damage-binding Protein 1 E3 Ligase Complex Targets Tumor Suppressor RASSF1A for Degradation during Mitosis (2011)

Tumor suppressor RASSF1A (RAS association domain family 1, isoform A) is known to play an important role in regulation of mitosis; however, little is known about how RASSF1A is regulated during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, we have identified Cullin-4A (CUL4A) as a novel E3 ligase for RASSF1A. Our results demonstrate that DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) functions as a substrate adaptor that directly interacts with RASSF1A and bridges RASSF1A to the CUL4A E3 ligase complex. Depletion of DDB1 also diminishes intracellular interactions between RASSF1A and CUL4A. Our results also show that RASSF1A interacts with DDB1 via a region containing amino acids 165-200, and deletion of this region abolishes RASSF1A and DDB1 interactions. We have found that CUL4A depletion results in increased levels of RASSF1A protein due to increased half-life; whereas overexpression of CUL4A and DDB1 markedly enhances RASSF1A protein ubiquitination resulting in reduced RASSF1A levels. We further show that CUL4A-mediated RASSF1A degradation occurs during mitosis, and depletion of CUL4A markedly reverses mitotic-phase-stimulated RASSF1A degradation. We also note that overexpression of CUL4A antagonizes the ability of RASSF1A to induce M-phase cell cycle arrest. Thus, our present study demonstrates that the CUL4A·DDB1 E3 complex is important for regulation of RASSF1A during mitosis, and it may contribute to inactivation of RASSF1A and promoting cell cycle progression.
Synthesis of a Versatile Peptidomimetic Scaffold (2003)

The need to replace natural amino acids in peptides with nonproteinogenic counterparts in order to obtain drug-like target molecules has stimulated a great deal of innovation on several fronts (1-3). One of the more exciting areas of research in drug design has been the synthesis of so-called secondary structure peptidomimetic molecules that are expected to have the same therapeutic effects as natural peptide counterparts, with the added advantage of metabolic stability (4,5). Of particular interest to us has been the replacement of a dipeptide motif in a given natural substrate with a constrained or rigidified counterpart that stimulates β-turn formation (6,7). In particular, we have been investigating the generation of a general synthetic pathway towards a variety of substituted peptidomimetic core structures. Various appendages could then be attached to these central core units either by standard iterative conditions or, more preferably, by using combinatorial techniques. This chapter will describe the preparation of one such novel peptidomimetic nucleus and its elaboration to a fully extended β-turn peptidomimetic.
Tardive dyskinesia and substrates of energy metabolism in CSF (1995)

These results are consistent with a model linking neuroleptic-induced neurological side effects with impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism, possibly mediated by inhibition of complex 1 of the electron transport chain.
The remote processing framework for portable computer power saving (1999)

Recent research has demonstrated that portable computer users can save battery power by migrating tasks over wireless networks to server machines. Making this technique generally useful requires considerable automation. This paper describes a framework for automatically migrating tasks from a portable computer over a wireless network to a server and migrating the results back. The paper presents the framework's architecture, discusses key issues in creating the framework, and presents performance results that demonstrate that the framework is both useful and power-inexpensive.
Enhancing the Supply Chain Performance by Integrating Simulated and Physical Agents into Organizational Information Systems (2006)

As the business environment gets more complicated, organizations must be able to respond to the business changes and adjust themselves quickly to gain their competitive advantages. This study proposes an integrated agent system, called SPA, which coordinates simulated and physical agents to provide an efficient way for organizations to meet the challenges in managing supply chains. In the integrated framework, physical agents coordinate with inter-organizations' physical agents to form workable business processes and detect the variations occurring in the outside world, whereas simulated agents model and analyze the what-if scenarios to support physical agents in making decisions. This study uses a supply chain that produces digital still cameras as an example to demonstrate how the SPA works. In this example, individual information systems of the involved companies equip with the SPA and the entire supply chain is modeled as a hierarchical object oriented Petri nets. The SPA here applies the modified AGNES data clustering technique and the moving average approach to help each firm generalize customers' past demand patterns and forecast their future demands. The amplitude of forecasting errors caused by bullwhip effects is used as a metric to evaluate the degree that the SPA affects the supply chain performance. The experimental results show that the SPA benefits the entire supply chain by reducing the bullwhip effects and forecasting errors in a dynamic environment.
Sharpening the Scythe of Technological Change: Socio-Technical Challenges of Autonomous and Adaptive Cyber-Physical Systems (2018)

Autonomous and Adaptative Cyber-Physical Systems (ACPS) represent a new knowledge frontier of converging “nano-bio-info-cogno” technologies and applications. ACPS have the ability to integrate new ‘mutagenic’ technologies, i.e., technologies able to cause mutations in the society. Emerging approaches, such as artificial intelligence techniques and deep learning, enable exponential speedups for supporting increasingly higher levels of autonomy and self-adaptation. In spite of this disruptive landscape, however, deployment and broader adoption of ACPS in safety-critical scenarios remains challenging. In this paper, we address some challenges that are stretching the limits of ACPS safety engineering, including tightly related aspects such as ethics and resilience. We argue that a paradigm change is needed that includes the entire socio-technical aspects, including trustworthiness, responsibility, liability, as well as the ACPS ability to learn from past events, anticipate long-term threads and recover from unexpected behaviors.
Imbibition and Water Blockage in Unconventional Reservoirs: Well Management Implications During Flowback and Early Production (2014)

Abstract Driven by field logistics in an unconventional setting, a well may undergo weeks to months of shut-in following hydraulic-fracture stimulation. In unconventional reservoirs, field experiences indicate that such shut-in episodes may improve well productivity significantly while reducing water production. Multiphase flow mechanisms were found to explain this behavior. Aided by laboratory relative-permeability, capillary pressure data, and their dependency to stress in a shale-gas reservoir, the flow-simulation model was able to reproduce the suspected water blocking behavior. Results demonstrate that a well resting period improves early productivity while reducing water production. The results also indicate that minimizing water invasion in the formation is crucial to avoid significant water blockage.
Impaired AÎ² clearance: a potential link between atherosclerosis and Alzheimerâ€™s disease (2015)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and atherosclerosis remain two of the largest public health burdens in the world today. Although traditionally considered distinct pathological entities, mounting epidemiologic, clinical and experimental evidence suggests that cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and AD interact reciprocally to disrupt brain structure and function. Whereas the hypoperfusion and hypoxia caused by atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels may enhance the production of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a peptide central to AD pathology, Aβ, in turn, may promote formation of atherosclerotic lesions through vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction leading to additional vascular damage. Here, we briefly review evidence suggesting that impaired clearance of Aβ is an additional, simultaneously occurring mechanism by which AD and cerebrovascular disease may be causally linked. We examine the literature supporting mechanisms by which flow-limiting large-artery stenosis, arterial stiffening and microvascular dysfunction could contribute to AD pathophysiology by impairing Aβ clearance and elevating brain levels of Aβ. Finally, we highlight the need for further research to improve our understanding of the complex interactions of AD and atherosclerosis with Aβ clearance, which may ultimately serve to guide the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this devastating and highly prevalent condition.
Fluorinated poly(meth)acrylate: Synthesis and properties (2014)

Due to good reactivity of fluorinated (meth)acrylates with other monomers or polymer segments, fluorinated poly(meth)acrylates possess more economical and convenient synthesis routes than other fluoropolymers. This feature article initially summarizes different types of fluorinated (meth)acrylates, which can be divided into fluorinated alkyl (meth)acrylates and fluorinated aryl (meth)acrylates. Subsequently, various approaches for synthesizing fluorinated poly(meth)acrylates including random, block, graft or star copolymers are described. Conventional free radical polymerization can be used in synthesizing random copolymers, while controlled/“living” radical polymerization can provide well-defined copolymers with accurate control over molecular weight and special structures as expected. In particular, introduction of fluorinated components into as-prepared copolymers offers an alternative route to synthesize fluorinated poly(meth)acrylates which are difficult to be obtained directly via polymerization. The incorporation of fluorine can confer unique and highly desirable properties to poly(meth)acrylates such as low surface energy, thermal stability, chemical and weather resistance, low refractive index, and self-organization characteristics. Such properties are described in great details based on many recent articles.
CloCom: Mining existing source code for automatic comment generation (2015)

Code comments are an integral part of software development. They improve program comprehension and software maintainability. The lack of code comments is a common problem in the software industry. Therefore, it is beneficial to generate code comments automatically. In this paper, we propose a general approach to generate code comments automatically by analyzing existing software repositories. We apply code clone detection techniques to discover similar code segments and use the comments from some code segments to describe the other similar code segments. We leverage natural language processing techniques to select relevant comment sentences. In our evaluation, we analyze 42 million lines of code from 1,005 open source projects from GitHub, and use them to generate 359 code comments for 21 Java projects. We manually evaluate the generated code comments and find that only 23.7% of the generated code comments are good. We report to the developers the good code comments, whose code segments do not have an existing code comment. Amongst the reported code comments, seven have been confirmed by the developers as good and committable to the software repository while the rest await for developers' confirmation. Although our approach can generate good and committable comments, we still have to improve the yield and accuracy of the proposed approach before it can be used in practice with full automation.
Aqueous dispersion of monodisperse magnetic iron oxide nanocrystals through phase transfer (2006)

A facile method was developed for completely transferring high quality monodisperse iron oxide nanocrystals from organic solvents to water. The as-prepared aqueous dispersions of iron oxide nanocrystals were extremely stable and could be functionalized for bioconjugation with biomolecules. These iron oxide nanocrystals showed negligible cytotoxicity to human breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3) and human dermal fibroblast cells. This method is general and versatile for many organic solvent-synthesized nanoparticles, including fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals.
Synergistic Stabilization of Foams by a Mixture of Nanoparticles and Surfactants (2014)

Abstract The goal of this work is to evaluate stabilization of foams by a combination of nanoparticles and surfactants. Hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (NP) and anionic surfactants were used in this study. Static foams were generated using surfactants and surfactant-NP mixtures with and without the presence of a crude oil. The decay of the foam height with time was studied and half-lives were determined. The foam drainage behavior and thickness of the foam lamella were studied by fluorescence microscopy. Aqueous foams were created in-situ by co-injecting the surfactant or surfactant-NP mixtures with nitrogen gas through a Berea sandstone core at a fixed quality. Pressure drop across the core was measured to estimate the achieved mobility reduction factor (MRF). Oil displacement experiments were conducted in Berea cores using surfactant and surfactant-nanoparticle mixture as foaming agents. Static foam tests indicate stabilization effect of nanoparticles on surfactant-nanoparticle foam stability in the absence of crude oil. Lighter crude oils were more destabilizing to foams than heavier oils. Adding nanoparticles even in low concentrations (0.3 wt %) can significantly improve the foam stability and mobility reduction factor in the absence of oil. As the concentration of nanoparticles increased, mobility reduction factor (MRF) of surfactant-nanoparticle foam in a Berea core increased significantly. Fluorescence microscopy elucidated that nanoparticles are trapped in the plateau border as well as lamellas which retard liquid drainage and bubble coalescence. The core floods with a crude oil revealed that the incremental oil recovery by surfactant-NP blend over water flood was about 10% OOIP with an immiscible foam.
Level Set Approach for Image Segmentation Based on Extended Chan-Vese Model and AOS Scheme(Chinese) (2006)

A new level set approach for image segmentation was proposed based on the piece- wise-constant Mumford-Shah model developed by Chan and Vese,The approach used AOS scheme,which is unconditional stable,to discrete the level set function.Besides,extended fast marching method for constructing the signed distance function was introduced to reduce the a- mount of computation significantly.
Infrared thermooptic coefficient measurement of polycrystalline ZnSe, ZnS, CdTe, CaF_2, and BaF_2, single crystal KCl, and TI-20 glass (1977)

An interferometric technique has been used to determine the thermooptic coefficient (dn/dT) of polycrystalline ZnSe and ZnS at 0.6328 microm, 1.15 microm, 3.39 microm, and 10.6 microm; polycrystalline CdTe and TI-20 glass at 1.15 microm, 3.39 microm, and 10.6 microm; polycrystalline CaF(2) and BaF(2) at 0.6328 microm, 1.15 microm, and 3.39 microm, and pure and europium-doped single crystal KCl at 0.6328 microm, 1.15microm, 3.39 microm, and 10.6 microm. The values were obtained over the temperature range of 25-65 degrees C and were calculated using the observed change in optical path of the samples as they were heated. Some difficulties in thermometry were encountered in the standard configuration of sample and thermocouple probe, so measurements were made in an oil bath at the shortest wavelength at which the sample was transparent to provide temperature correction factors for each sample. An empirical dispersion relation for dn/dT has also been found for the semiconductor materials. This dispersion relation is of the form dn/dT = aR(b), where R is defined as lambda(2)/(lambda(2) - lambda(g)(2)), lambda(g) is the short wavelength cutoff associated with the energy gap, and a and b are constants which are different for each material.
Magnetic Bubble Memory Architectures for Supporting Associative Searching of Relational Databases (1980)

A memory organized around a major/minor loop magnetic bubble storage unit contains database information in relational form. An external marker memory, consisting of an M-bit shift register or an M X 1 RAM, provides, in conjunction with an assumed processing element, an associative search capability. Each bit accumulates search results of a query applied to its corresponding bubble page. The number of pages M equals the minor loop length and N, the page size, equals the number of minor loops in the bubble memory. A systematic series of performance-improving access strategies and architectural modifications are applied to an existing major/minor loop bubble device to determine the effects of each change. In all cases data access-time formulas reveal that positioning a marked page for access is a linear function of the minor loop length M, while outputting the marked pages via the bubbles serial output bus is a quadratic function of M. An evaluation and relative comparison of these architectures indicate that a segmented, nondestructive major/minor loop transfer function can enhance current magnetic bubble memory (MBM) performance in relational data processing by an order of magnitude.
Pathogenicity of Candida albicans auxotrophic mutants in experimental infections (1991)

Auxotrophic and prototrophic control strain pairs of Candida albicans constructed by molecular biology methodologies were evaluated for pathogenicity in a systemic mouse model. Mutants that were auxotrophic for adenine, uracil, and heme each showed a lowered level of pathogenicity relative to control strains. It can be concluded from these experiments that decreased pathogenicity in each case is due to the auxotrophic mutation, because mutant and control strains were constructed so as to differ at a single locus. These observations suggest that new therapeutic agents for Candida infections might be designed based upon the inhibition of biosynthetic pathways that, in some cases, might be absent from the host.
Intelligent shoes for abnormal gait detection (2008)

In this paper we introduce a shoe-integrated system for human abnormal gait detection. This intelligent system focuses on detecting the following patterns: normal gait, toe in, toe out, oversupination, and heel walking gait abnormalities. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) consisting of three-dimensional gyroscopes and accelerometers is employed to measure angular velocities and accelerations of the foot. Four force sensing resistors (FSRs) and one bend sensor are installed on the insole of each foot for force and flexion information acquisition. The proposed detection method is mainly based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for feature generation and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for multi-pattern classification. In the present study, four subjects tested the shoe-integrated device in outdoor environments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is robust and efficient in detecting abnormal gait patterns. Our goal is to provide a cost-effective system for detecting gait abnormalities in order to assist persons with abnormal gaits in the developing of a normal walking pattern in their daily life.
Characterization of large size YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7−δ</sub>films using magnetic field penetration (2005)

High critical current density (jc) is one of the most important properties of high Tc superconducting thin films. Determining it is difficult especially in large films (2?3?inch). We propose a non-destructive and easy technique for measuring jc. From measurements of the magnetic moment in the middle of a superconducting film as a function of the external magnetic field, we calculate the macroscopic critical current density.
Circular machine design techniques and tools (1987)

This report is based on a series of two lectures on Charged Particle Optics presented by the first author at the SLAC Accelerator Physics Summer School in July 1985 and on presentations made by both authors at the Second International Conference on Charged Particle Optics in Albuquerque, New Mexico, May 19–23, 1986.
Editing Learning Object Metadata: Schema Driven Input of RDF Metadata with the OLR3-Editor. (2002)

The Institute for Knowledge Based Systems has developed several learning repositories in the last five years based on explicit use of metadata and (in the last two years) RDF. Using standard and self-defined metadata schemas to represent the structure and meta-information of learning objects, we decided to make our latest generation of repositories (OLR3) flexible for all kinds of schemes. To provide maximum flexibility we developed a completely schema-driven and browser-based editor in which the author can choose the type of metadata using any kind of RDFschema available on the WWW to annotate learning resources in the OLR3 repository. In this paper we present the design, interface and implementation of this editor together with the necessary background information about metadata-standards and our learning repository, we build the editor upon.
Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO<sub>2</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, and Activated Carbon Catalysts (2015)

Different sulfated catalysts including SO4/TiO2–SiO2, SO4/Ti-SBA-15, SO4/ZrO2, SO4/AC, and SO4/SiO2 were tested in fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Reactions were carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 110 °C. Characterization results indicated that no sulfur leaching was observed from SO4/ZrO2, SO4/TiO2–SiO2, and SO4/Ti-SBA-15 catalysts in the reaction tests. The SO4/TiO2–SiO2 catalyst had a high amount of strong acid sites and the highest amount of Bronsted sites. The highest selectivity to HMF at high conversion, that is, 89% selectivity at 77% fructose conversion was obtained over this catalyst. It preserved its activity after four times reuse.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Formylbenzoyldiazomethane with Thiophene Derivatives. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.