gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization and Function of Early Cell Division Proteins in Filamentous <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cells Lacking Phosphatidylethanolamine (1998)

Escherichia coli cells that contain the pss-93 null mutation are completely deficient in the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Such cells are defective in cell division. To gain insight into how a phospholipid defect could block cytokinesis, we used fluorescence techniques on whole cells to investigate which step of the cell division cycle was affected. Several proteins essential for early steps in cytokinesis, such as FtsZ, ZipA, and FtsA, were able to localize as bands to potential division sites in pss-93 filaments, indicating that the generation and localization of potential division sites was not grossly affected by the absence of PE. However, there was no evidence of constriction at most of these potential division sites. FtsZ and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions to FtsZ and ZipA often formed spiral structures in these mutant filaments. This is the first report of spirals formed by wild-type FtsZ expressed at normal levels and by ZipA-GFP. The results suggest that the lack of PE may affect the correct interaction of FtsZ with membrane nucleation sites and alter FtsZ ring structure so as to prevent or delay its constriction.
International differences in self-reported health measures in 33 major metropolitan areas in Europe (2010)

Health tended to be worse in metropolitan areas in the north and west of the UK and the central belt and south east of Germany, and more favourable in Sweden and north west Belgium, even accounting for socio-economic composition of local populations. This study demonstrated that combining national health survey data covering different areas is viable but not without technical difficulties. Future comparisons between European regions should be made using standardized sampling, recruitment and data collection protocols, allowing proper monitoring of health inequalities.
A Case of Bovine Skin Leukosis Regressing Spontaneously (1989)

Biochemical and immunological examinations were performed on a 2-year-old Holstein-Friesian heifer with skin leukosis. Acid phosphatase activity of the peripheral blood lymphocytes increased remarkably in stages when the cutaneous tumors were mulitple and predominant. Serum lactatedehydrogenase and isoenzyme activities were also elevated. These levels declined gradually with regression of the cutaneous tumors, and the tendency was intensified in the stage of complete regres-sion. Peripheral blood lymphocytes in the regression stage were well stimulated by T-cell mitogen. Suppression of lyphocytic blastogenetic activity by phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A stimulation was evident in the tumorous stage, but not in the regressed stage of the affected heifer. Serum α1 acid glycoprotein was elevated in the predominant stgae and declined gradually as the cutaneous lesions were repressed.
Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve using Non-charge-balanced Stimuli (1999)

This study was designed to evaluate the pathophysiological response of the cochlea following long-term intracochlear electrical stimulation using a poorly charge-balanced stimulus regime, leading to direct current (DC) levels >0.1 microA. Four normal-hearing adult cats were bilaterally implanted with scala tympani electrode arrays and unilaterally stimulated for periods up to 2200 h. Stimuli consisted of 50 micros monophasic current pulses presented at 2000 pulses per second (pps) per channel, and resulted in DC levels of 0.4-2.8 microA. Both acoustic and electrical (EABR) evoked potentials were periodically recorded during the stimulation program. Frequency-specific stimuli indicated that an extensive and widespread hearing loss occurred over the 4-24 KHz region in all stimulated cochleae, although the 2 KHz region exhibited thresholds close to normal in some animals, despite long-term implantation and chronic stimulation. Longitudinal EABRs showed a statistically significant increase in threshold for three of the four animals. Histopathological evaluation of the cochleae revealed a highly significant reduction in ganglion cell density in stimulated cochleae compared with their controls. Spiral ganglion cell loss was significantly correlated with the degree of inflammation, duration of electrical stimulation, and the level of DC. In conclusion, the present study highlights the potential for neural damage following stimulation using poorly charge-balanced stimuli.
Particle Physics: TRISTAN dandy (1994)

Overall, everybody was very gentle on us, says Japanese nuclear physicist Akito Arima following a review of the TRISTAN electron–positron collider at the National Laboratory for High-energy Physics (KEK). The review was carried out by the science council of the education ministry (Monbusho) and an interim report was then sent to a number of leading physicists outside Japan, all of whom agreed that both accelerator and research were world-class.
Bivalent Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Kinases (1998)

The majority of protein kinase inhibitors described to date are ATP analogues. However, the selectivity of these species is highly suspect, given the enormous number of ATP-dependent processes that transpire in living cells. Inhibitors that target the protein binding site do not suffer from this disadvantage but exhibit comparatively low inhibitory activity. An alternative approach for the design of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors is described herein. We have constructed species that simultaneously bind to the active site and the SH2 domain of the Src kinase. Since the region of the inhibitor that associates with the SH2 domain coordinates with relatively high affinity, the overall effect is a substantial enhancement in inhibitory potency (230-fold). This design element offers a strategy to overcome the otherwise poor efficacy of peptide-based protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Pyridoxine Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (1959)

1. Fourteen patients with congestive heart failure and 14 control patients without heart failure were studied with the tryptophan load test. 2. Urinary xanthurenic acid excretion following tryptophan load was significantly greater in the cardiac group than in controls. Mean XA excretion of the group with congestive failure was 35.6 mg/24 hours with standard deviation of 22.8. Mean excretion of the control group was 12.9 mg/24 hours with standard deviation of 5.2 mg/24 hours. 3. The heart failure group, which attained a higher level of XA excretion than the control group in the post tryptophan period, showed a greater decline in XA excretion after pyridoxine than the controls. 4. Since pyridoxine is required for orderly catabolism of tryptophan and pyridoxine corrects this metabolic aberration of tryptophan, it is not unreasonable to state that in congestive heart failure availability of Vit. B6 is limited.
Josephson analog amplifier with large current gain (1987)

Analog amplifiers utilizing the flux-flow phenomenon in a long Josephson tunnel junction, Flux-Flow Amplifier(FFA), have been studied experimentally. The operation of the amplifier is based on the modulation of dc I-V curves of a long Josephson junction by applied magnetic fields, which acts as a magnetic-field to voltage transducer. Strong dependences of the transducer characteristics on junction parameters and geometries are elucidated. Experiments on a series array of FFA's for higher current gains and larger output voltages were also carried out successfully.
Robust Bayesian Filtering and Smoothing Using Student's t Distribution (2017)

State estimation in heavy-tailed process and measurement noise is an important challenge that must be addressed in, e.g., tracking scenarios with agile targets and outlier-corrupted measurements. The performance of the Kalman filter (KF) can deteriorate in such applications because of the close relation to the Gaussian distribution. Therefore, this paper describes the use of Student's t distribution to develop robust, scalable, and simple filtering and smoothing algorithms. After a discussion of Student's t distribution, exact filtering in linear state-space models with t noise is analyzed. Intermediate approximation steps are used to arrive at filtering and smoothing algorithms that closely resemble the KF and the Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother except for a nonlinear measurement-dependent matrix update. The required approximations are discussed and an undesirable behavior of moment matching for t densities is revealed. A favorable approximation based on minimization of the Kullback-Leibler divergence is presented. Because of its relation to the KF, some properties and algorithmic extensions are inherited by the t filter. Instructive simulation examples demonstrate the performance and robustness of the novel algorithms.
Drug delivery systems for intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis (2013)

Several delivery systems, including liposome, microparticles, nanoparticles and hydrogels, have been investigated for the sustained drug delivery to the joints. These can be advanced by the use of functionalized drug delivery systems that can lead targeting to specific regions and thermoresponsiveness for prolonged drug release in the joints. Further advances will bring forth new biocompatible and biodegradable materials as a drug carrier or new combination regimens. Future innovations in this field should be directed toward the development of adapted delivery systems that can induce tissue regeneration in OA patients.
Flies land upside down on a ceiling using rapid visually mediated rotational maneuvers (2019)

Flies and other insects routinely land upside down on a ceiling. These inverted landing maneuvers are among the most remarkable aerobatic feats, yet the full range of these behaviors and their underlying sensorimotor processes remain largely unknown. Here, we report that successful inverted landing in flies involves a serial sequence of well-coordinated behavioral modules, consisting of an initial upward acceleration followed by rapid body rotation and leg extension, before terminating with a leg-assisted body swing pivoted around legs firmly attached to the ceiling. Statistical analyses suggest that rotational maneuvers are triggered when flies' relative retinal expansion velocity reaches a threshold. Also, flies exhibit highly variable pitch and roll rates, which are strongly correlated to and likely mediated by multiple sensory cues. When flying with higher forward or lower upward velocities, flies decrease the pitch rate but increase the degree of leg-assisted swing, thereby leveraging the transfer of body linear momentum.
Analysis of HER2 expression in primary urinary bladder carcinoma and corresponding metastases (2005)

When combining the modified HercepTest with customised evaluation criteria, more HER2-positive tumours were diagnosed. The degree of HER2 down-regulation was significantly higher in distant than in regional metastases. HER2-targeted therapy may be an alternative or complementary to other methods in the future treatment of metastatic urinary bladder carcinoma.
Linguistic theories in efficient multimodal reference resolution (2005)

Multimodal conversational interfaces provide a natural means for users to communicate with computer systems through multiple modalities such as speech, gesture, and gaze. To build effective multimodal interfaces, understanding user multimodal inputs is important. Previous linguistic and cognitive studies indicate that user language behavior does not occur randomly, but rather follows certain linguistic and cognitive principles. Therefore, this paper investigates the use of linguistic theories in multimodal interpretation. In particular, we present a greedy algorithm that incorporates Conversation Implicature and Givenness Hierarchy for efficient multimodal reference resolution. Empirical studies indicate that this algorithm significantly reduces the complexity in multimodal reference resolution compared to a previous graph-matching approach. One major advantage of this greedy algorithm is that the prior linguistic and cognitive knowledge can be used to guide the search and significantly prune the search space. Because of its simplicity and generality, this approach has the potential to improve the robustness of interpretation and provide a more practical solution to multimodal input interpretation.
Developing Far-Field Speaker System Via Teacher-Student Learning (2018)

In this study, we develop the keyword spotting (KWS) and acoustic model (AM) components in a far-field speaker system. Specifically, we use teacher-student (T/S) learning to adapt a close-talk well-trained production AM to far-field by using parallel close-talk and simulated far-field data. We also use T/S learning to compress a large-size KWS model into a small-size one to fit the device computational cost. Without the need of transcription, T/S learning well utilizes untranscribed data to boost the model performance in both the AM adaptation and KWS model compression. We further optimize the models with sequence discriminative training and live data to reach the best performance of systems. The adapted AM improved from the baseline by 72.60% and 57.16% relative word error rate reduction on play-back and live test data, respectively. The final KWS model size was reduced by 27 times from a large-size KWS model without losing accuracy.
Functional proteomics using microchannel plate detectors (2002)

We describe the development of a novel detection system used for the functional imaging of proteins separated on electrophoretic gels. A microchannel plate detector is used here for real-time imaging of low levels of tritiated protein separated by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis. The system employs radioisotope-free, low noise microchannel plates originally developed for photon counting in X-ray astronomy. Using the detector configuration described here, proteins were resolved on mini gels by either one or two-dimensional electrophoresis, transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and directly imaged. Tritiated diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) was used as a selective label for the serine hydrolase class of enzymes and their distribution in the central nervous system was examined. This survey revealed approximately 24 protein spots by 2-D electrophoresis. We also investigated the relative sensitivity of these proteins towards DFP and found the peptidase, acylpeptide hydrolase to be the most sensitive brain protein towards this reagent. Using a number of different tritiated standards, it was found that the system can image as little as 0.1 Bq/mm(2) of tritium corresponding to 320 attomol of DFP labelled protein/mm(2). Moreover, the system has a wide dynamic range (>10(6)) allowing samples of high and low activity to be quantified on the same gel.
Nonlinearity in genetic decoding: Homologous DNA replicase genes use alternatives of transcriptional slippage or translational frameshifting (2000)

The tau and gamma subunits of DNA polymerase III are both encoded by a single gene in Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus. gamma is two-thirds the size of tau and shares virtually all its amino acid sequence with tau. E. coli and T. thermophilus have evolved very different mechanisms for setting the approximate 1:1 ratio between tau and gamma. Both mechanisms put ribosomes into alternate reading frames so that stop codons in the new frame serve to make the smaller gamma protein. In E. coli, approximately 50% of initiating ribosomes translate the dnaX mRNA conventionally to give tau, but the other 50% shift into the -1 reading frame at a specific site (A AAA AAG) in the mRNA to produce gamma. In T. thermophilus ribosomal frameshifting is not required: the dnaX mRNA is a heterogeneous population of molecules with different numbers of A residues arising from transcriptional slippage on a run of nine T residues in the DNA template. Translation of the subpopulation containing nine As (or +/- multiples of three As) yields tau. The rest of the population of mRNAs (containing nine +/- nonmultiples of three As) puts ribosomes into the alternate reading frames to produce the gamma protein(s). It is surprising that two rather similar dnaX sequences in E. coli and T. thermophilus lead to very different mechanisms of expression.
Cell-surface proteases in cancer (1999)

Proteases of the serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metallo classes are capable of degrading extracellular matrix and basement membrane components thus contributing to the invasive and metastatic properties of tumor cells. The localization of proteases to tumor cell surfaces may be important for their ability to invade and may also be a way to regulate protease expression and activity. Proteases found to be associated with the tumor cell surface and which are also correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis include: urokinase plasminogen activator, cathep-sin B, and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Cell surface receptors have been identified for urokinase plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Although regulation of protease expression and activity can occur at several levels, the interaction of proteases with cell surface receptors may be most crucial to protease function. Increased expression of proteases, cell surface receptors, and endogenous inhibitors have been observed in many cancers.
Molecular Cloning of a New Aquaporin from Rat Pancreas and Liver (1997)

A new water channel (aquaporin-8, gene symbol AQP8) was isolated from rat pancreas and liver by homology cloning. Ribonuclease protection assay showed intense expression of the gene in pancreas and liver, less intense in colon and salivary gland, and negligible in other organs. The full-length cDNA was obtained by ligation of approximately 1.4-kilobase (kb) cDNA isolated from the rat liver cDNA library to approximately 0.5 kb of the 5'-end fragment obtained by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. A major transcript of approximately 1.45 kb was demonstrated in liver and colon by Northern blot analysis. Expression of the cRNA in Xenopus oocytes markedly enhanced osmotic water permeability in a mercury-sensitive manner, indicating a water channel function of this molecule. The open reading frame encoded a 263-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular size of 28 kDa. Hydropathy analysis represented six membrane-spanning domains and five connecting loops containing two sites of NPA motif as preserved in other aquaporins. Unlike other mammalian aquaporins, AQP8 has an unusual structure with a long N terminus and a short C terminus, which are found in plant aquaporin, gamma-tonoplast intrinsic protein. By in situ hybridization, AQP8 mRNA expression was assumed in hepatocytes, acinal cells of pancreas and salivary gland, and absorptive colonic epithelial cells. The physiological role(s) of AQP8 remain to be elucidated.
Decomposition of trimethylgallium on the gallium-rich GaAs (100) surface: Implications for atomic layer epitaxy (1990)

The decomposition of trimethylgallium (TMGa) on the gallium-rich (4×6) and (1×6) GaAs (100) surface was studied with temperature programmed desorption, Auger electron spectroscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction. TMGa was found to dissociatively chemisorb on the gallium-rich surfaces, apparently at the gallium vacancies that exist on these surfaces. We have unambiguously identified methyl radicals desorbing from the surface with the maximum rate at ∼440 °C following a saturation TMGa exposure. Since TMGa was shown to decompose on the clean, gallium-rich GaAs (100) surfaces, the self-limiting deposition of gallium during atomic layer epitaxy must be due to the presence of surface methyl groups which inhibit further TMGa dissociative chemisorption.
MAGNETOCARDIOGRAMS TAKEN INSIDE A SHIELDED ROOM WITH A SUPERCONDUCTING POINT-CONTACT MAGNETOMETER (1970)

A point-contact (SQUID) magnetometer was used inside a shielded room to record the magnetic field of the human heart, without noise-averaging. The resulting magnetocardiograms, with the peak signal at about 3 × 10−7 G had a noise level of about 1 × 10−9 G (rms, per root cycle). They approach good medical electrocardiograms in clarity, and are an order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity over previous magnetic detectors of the heart. These results suggest new medical uses for this magnetometer.
The Acylation of Salts of Secondary Nitroparaffins<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acylation of Salts of Secondary Nitroparaffins1Emil H. White and William J. ConsidineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 3, 626–630Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01536a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01536a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
의사의 기업가정신이 글로벌헬스케어 성과에 미치는 영향 -성형외과를 중심으로- (2016)

Thanks to the government`s global healthcare industry development policies and the Korean wave, the industry has grown rapidly over the last five years. This study examines entrepreneurship relevance to healthcare industry, especially how doctor`s entrepreneurship affects marketing capabilities and internationalization performance through attracting foreign patients and expanding overseas. Although research on the internationalization of service industries as hotels, restaurants exist, studies of healthcare services did not progress. This study presents the model and hypothesis and analyzed empirically focus on plastic surgery, since mainly most internationalization practices come out in this healthcare service sector at the moments. Researching the needs of entrepreneurship for international projects targeting 74 plastic surgeon, the innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking of the doctors have a meaningful effect on the marketing resources of a hospital, also show positive effects on international achievements. In addition, marketing capability in entrepreneurship and internationalization has a mediating effect on the positive (+) effects on financial performance, but innovation was not statistically significant in the non-financial performance. These results were compared and analyzed with other examples of manufacturing and service industries, and also discussed in the theoretical and practical implications for future policy establishment.
Efficient Catalytic Deoxygenation of Epoxides Using [Tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)hydridoborato]rhenium Oxides (2000)

In situ reduction of Tp‘ReO3 (Tp‘ = tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)hydridoborate) using triphenylphosphine or triethyl phosphite allows generation of a reduced rhenium species that catalyzes efficient O atom transfer from epoxides to the stoichiometric phosphorus reductant at 75−105 °C. The reaction is stereospecific and proceeds most rapidly with cis- vs trans-alkenes. The choice of ligand is shown to impart advantages to design of the catalytic cycle.