gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spike-Timing-Based Computation in Sound Localization (2010)

Spike timing is precise in the auditory system and it has been argued that it conveys information about auditory stimuli, in particular about the location of a sound source. However, beyond simple time differences, the way in which neurons might extract this information is unclear and the potential computational advantages are unknown. The computational difficulty of this task for an animal is to locate the source of an unexpected sound from two monaural signals that are highly dependent on the unknown source signal. In neuron models consisting of spectro-temporal filtering and spiking nonlinearity, we found that the binaural structure induced by spatialized sounds is mapped to synchrony patterns that depend on source location rather than on source signal. Location-specific synchrony patterns would then result in the activation of location-specific assemblies of postsynaptic neurons. We designed a spiking neuron model which exploited this principle to locate a variety of sound sources in a virtual acoustic environment using measured human head-related transfer functions. The model was able to accurately estimate the location of previously unknown sounds in both azimuth and elevation (including front/back discrimination) in a known acoustic environment. We found that multiple representations of different acoustic environments could coexist as sets of overlapping neural assemblies which could be associated with spatial locations by Hebbian learning. The model demonstrates the computational relevance of relative spike timing to extract spatial information about sources independently of the source signal.
Direct implementation of compiler specifications or the pascal p-code compiler revisited (1984)

We have developed a complete formal specification of the translation semantics of the Pascal P-compiler. The specification is written as a semantic grammar (a variant of extended attribute grammars), and has been extensively tested and debugged with the aid of Lawrence Paulson's experimental semantics processor. The translation semantics models the operational aspects of compilation in detail. It is one-pass, embodying static semantic checking, address assignment, code generation, and a certain amount of code improvement. Our paper describes the development history of the project, compares the new compiler with the existing P-compiler, and discusses our positive experience with semantic grammars and Paulson's system.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Zirconium‐Promoted Reductive Cyclization. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Classical Mechanics—A Modern Perspective (1974)

Part 1 Linear motion: Newtonian theory interactions the drag racer - frictional force sport parachuting - viscous force archery - spring force methods of solution simple harmonic oscillator damped harmonic motion forced oscillator with damping resonance. Part 2 Energy conservation: potential energy gravitational escape small oscillations three-dimensional motion - vector notation conservation forces in three dimensions motion in a plane simple pendulum coupled harmonic oscillators. Part 3 Lagrangian method: Lagrange's equations some Lagrangian applications the Lorentz force mechanical constraints Hamilton's equations. Part 4 Momentum conservation: rocket motion frames of reference elastic collisions - laboratory and center-of-mass systems collisions of billiard balls inelastic collisions scattering cross sections. Part 5 Angular-momentum conservation: central forces planetary motion eccentricity vector Kepler's laws satellites and spacecraft grand tours of the outer planets Rutherford scattering. Part 6 Particles systems and rigid bodies: center of mass and the two-body problem rotational equation of motion rigid bodies - static equilibrium statics and dynamics of a heavy string rotations of rigid bodies gyroscope effect the boomerang moments and produces of intertia single-axis rotations moments-of-intertia calculations impulses and billiard shots super-ball bounces. Part 7 Accelerated coordinate systems: transformation to moving coordinate frames fictitious forces motion on the earth Foucault's pendulum dynamical balance of a rigid body principal axes and Euler's equations the tennis racket theorem the earth as a free symmetric top - external observer spinning top, including gravity slipping tops - rising and sleeping the tippie-top. Part 8 Gravitation: attraction of a spherical body - Newton's theorem the tides gravity field of the earth. Part 9 Newtonian cosmology: the universe virial theorem dark matter cosmology. Part 10 Non-linear mechanics and the approach to chaos: the anharmonic oscillator the damped and driven anharmonic oscillator numerical solutions. Part 11 Relativity: the relativity idea Lorentz transformation consequences of relativity relativistic momentum and energy.
Amino acid sequence of the N‐terminal region of human hemopexin (1984)

Cyanogen bromide digestion of hemopexin at its 6 methionine residues results in 7 fragments (CB1-CB7) partially connected by disulfide bridges. By sequence studies of fragments CB1-CB4 and peptides prepared by their enzyme cleavage, a continuous amino acid sequence of the N-terminal region of human hemopexin, comprising 220 amino acid residues, was determined. The presence of intramolecular disulfide bonds, connecting half-cystine residues 126/130 and 165/170, was proved in fragments CB2 and CB3. Fragments CB1-CB4 include 5 sites, where hexosamine oligosaccharides are attached (positions 1,41,164,217 and probably 223). In the sequenced region two sites sensitive to acid hydrolysis--bonds ... Asp--Pro ... in positions 20/21 and 187/188 were found. In spite of the fact that pooled material of many donors was studied, no sequence heterogeneity was discovered.
The construction of a synthetic<i>Escherichia coli trp</i>promoter and its use in the expression of a synthetic interferon gene (1982)

An 82 base pair DNA fragment has been synthesised which contains the E. coli trp promoter and operator sequences and also encodes the first Shine Dalgarno sequence of the trp operon. This DNA fragment is flanked by EcoRI and ClaI/TaqI cohesive ends and is thus easy to clone, transfer between vector systems and couple to genes to drive their expression. It has been cloned into plasmid pAT153, producing a convenient trp promoter vector. We have also joined the fragment to a synthetic IFN-alpha 1 gene, using synthetic oligonucleotides to generate a completely natural, highly efficient bacterial translation initiation signal on the promoter proximal side of the IFN gene. Plasmids carrying this construction enable E. coli cells to express IFN-alpha 1 almost constitutively and with significantly higher efficiency than from a lacUV5 promoter based system.
Potentiometric study of the solvent equilibria in aluminum trichloride-N-n-butylpyridinium chloride melts (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric study of the solvent equilibria in aluminum trichloride-N-n-butylpyridinium chloride meltsL. Heerman and W. D'OlieslagerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 26, 4704–4707Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00220a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00220a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Charge inversion mass spectrometry: dissociation of resonantly neutralized molecules (2004)

Charge inversion mass spectrometry is an MS/MS method in which the electric charge of the precursor ions is opposite to that of the secondary product ions. Charge inversion mass spectrometry is classified into four types depending on the electric charge and time scale of collisions. Charge inversion mass spectrometry using collisions with gaseous targets in the keV energy collision range has provided insights into the structures and reactions of ions and neutral molecules. The characteristics of charge inversion experiments are presented in terms of the reaction endothermicities and the cross sections and their dependence on the target species. In the case of rare-gas or simple molecular targets, double-electron transfer in one collision is effective to form positive ions from negative ions, while, in the case of alkali metal targets, successive single-electron transfers in two collisions is effective to form negative ions from positive ions. On the basis of the observed target-density dependence of the product ion intensity and thermochemical considerations for internal energy distribution using thermometer molecules, the charge inversion processes using alkali metal targets have been confirmed to occur by electron transfers in successive collisions and the dissociation processes are found to occur in energy-selected neutral species formed from near-resonant neutralization with alkali metal targets. While collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) is due to dissociation of activated ions with broad internal energy distributions, the charge inversion process using alkali metal targets is due to dissociation of energy-selected neutral species with narrow internal energy distributions. The charge inversion/alkali metal spectra provide clear differentiation of the isomeric cations of C(2)H(2), C(3)H(4) and dichlorobenzenes. The CAD spectra of these isomeric cations are similar.
Fabrication of 3D microstructures and microactuators on (100) SOI wafer using the DAWN process (2004)

This study has successfully demonstrated a DRIE assisted wet anisotropic bulk micromachining (DAWN process) to fabricate various three-dimensional MEMS devices on SOI wafer. The DAWN process can offer thin film structure, reinforced (thin film) structure, and thick structure with totally different mechanical characteristics. The thin film structure has small stiffness and mass, whereas the thick structure has large stiffness and mass. The reinforced structure has small mass but large stiffness. Since these structures can be fabricated and integrated using the DAWN process, various applications become available.
Online building thermal parameter estimation via Unscented Kalman Filtering (2012)

This study demonstrates how an Unscented Kalman Filter augmented for parameter estimation can accurately learn and predict a building's thermal response. Recent studies of buildings' heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems have shown 25% to 30% energy conservation is possible with advanced occupant and weather responsive control systems. Hindering the widespread deployment of such prediction-based control systems is an inability to readily acquire accurate, robust models of individual buildings' unique thermal envelope. Low-cost generation of these thermal models requires deployment of online data-driven system identification and parameter estimation routines. We propose a novel gray-box approach using an Unscented Kalman Filter based on a multi-zone thermal network and validate it with EnergyPlus simulation data. The filter quickly learns parameters of a thermal network during periods of known or constrained loads and then characterizes unknown loads in order to provide accurate 48+ hour energy predictions. Besides enabling advanced controllers, the model and predictions could provide useful analysis, monitoring, and fault detection capabilities.
Modeling the coronary artery tree (2004)

The paper describes a model of the coronary artery tree. It has been developed for the context of medical image processing and medical reporting. The model combines geometric information with associated medical nomenclature and anatomical relations. Applicability of the model and interindividual geometrical variability has been studied by matching the model to the individual coronary anatomy of 33 patients imaged with a multidetector-row computer tomography scanner.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in Marine Macrolide Synthesis: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the C<sub>1</sub>—C<sub>11</sub> and C<sub>15</sub>—C<sub>27</sub> Subunits of Aplyronine A. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting identifies subgroups of Trichoderma viride and other Trichoderma sp. capable of chestnut blight biocontrol (1995)

Eleven strains of Trichoderma viride, 2 strains of the putative teleomorph Hypocrea rufa and 9 of several other Trichoderma sp. were characterized by random polymorphic DNA amplification (RAPD) fingerprinting and screened for their ability to antagonize growth of European strains of the chestnut blight causing fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, using a dual-culture assay. The best strains were found in the species T. harzianum, T. parceramosum, a distinguishable subgroup of T. viride and a not named Trichoderma sp. The successful application of these strains against chestnut blight in vivo is demonstrated.
Boosting the Performance of RBF Networks with Dynamic Decay Adjustment (1994)

Radial Basis Function (RBF) Networks, also known as networks of locally--tuned processing units (see [6]) are well known for their ease of use. Most algorithms used to train these types of networks, however, require a fixed architecture, in which the number of units in the hidden layer must be determined before training starts. The RCE training algorithm, introduced by Reilly, Cooper and Elbaum (see [8]), and its probabilistic extension, the P--RCE algorithm, take advantage of a growing structure in which hidden units are only introduced when necessary. The nature of these algorithms allows training to reach stability much faster than is the case for gradient--descent based methods. Unfortunately P--RCE networks do not adjust the standard deviation of their prototypes individually, using only one global value for this parameter. This paper introduces the Dynamic Decay Adjustment (DDA) algorithm which utilizes the constructive nature of the P--RCE algorithm together with independent ada...
Enhanced Adsorption of PFOA and PFOS on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes under Electrochemical Assistance (2011)

Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from aqueous solution has attracted wide attention in light of their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. Although various destructive technologies were developed, removal of PFOX (X = A and S) under mild conditions are still desirable. In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were applied to remove PFOX in electrochemically assistant adsorption. Electrosorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated relative to open circuit (OC) adsorption and adsorption on powder MWNTs. Compared with powder MWNTs adsorption, the initial adsorption rate (υ(0)) of 100 μg/L PFOX at 0.6 V increased 60-fold (PFOA) and 41-fold (PFOS) according to pseudosecond-order kinetics model and the maximum electrosorption capacity (q(m)) of PFOX (50 μg/L to 10 mg/L) increased 150-fold (PFOA) and 94-fold (PFOS) simulated with Langmuir model. These significant improvements were assumed to benefit from enhanced electrostatic attraction under electrochemical assistance. Furthermore, the used MWNTs were found to be regenerative and reusable. This work provides not only a new approach to effective removal of perfluorochemicals from aqueous solution but also a low energy-consumption and environmentally-friendly strategy for application of carbon nanotubes in water treatment.
Opera hactenus inedita Rogeri Baconi. Fasc. XV. Summa Gramatica Magistri Rogeri Baconi necnon Sumule Dialectices Magistri Rogeri Baconi. Nuncprimumedidit Robert Steele (Oxonii e Typographes Clarendoniano. Londini: apud Humphredum Milford, MCMXL. Pp. xxiii + 359. Price 30s.) (1941)

Opera hactenus inedita Rogeri Baconi. Fasc. XV. Summa Gramatica Magistri Rogeri Baconi necnon Sumule Dialectices Magistri Rogeri Baconi. Nuncprimumedidit Robert Steele (Oxonii e Typographes Clarendoniano. Londini: apud Humphredum Milford, MCMXL. Pp. xxiii + 359. Price 30s.) - Volume 16 Issue 64
DEPICT: Documents Evaluated as Pictures. Visualizing information using context vectors and self-organizing maps (2002)

HNC Software, Inc. has developed a system called DEPICT for visualizing the information content of large textual corpora. The system is built around two separate neural network methodologies: context vectors and self-organizing maps. Context vectors (CVs) are high dimensional information representations that encode the semantic content of the textual entities they represent. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are capable of transforming an input, high dimensional signal space into a much lower (usually two or three) dimensional output space useful for visualization. Neither process requires human intervention, nor an external knowledge base. Together, these neural network techniques can be utilized to automatically identify the relevant information themes present in a corpus, and present those themes to the user in a intuitive visual form.
Efficient distributed processor level fault diagnosis of multiple processor systems (2002)

A distributed processor level fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed where every processor will come up with its own conclusion about the status of other processors and also the links connecting it to its neighboring processors. Performance is improved by considering a dynamic testing strategy where each processor is assigned a small number of processors to test it, ideally two. Then, when some processors or links fail, a new testing assignment is made among the processors. Simulation results are presented to show that the proposed algorithm is effective in reducing the testing overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ecological effects of triclosan and triclosan monophosphate on defined mixed cultures of oral species grown in continuous culture (2000)

The effects of triclosan and its phosphorylated derivative, triclosan monophosphate were studied using a continuous culture microcosm model. Two conditions were simulated, a caries-like state (pH 5.5 with artificial saliva plus glucose as growth medium) and a periodontal disease-like state (pH 7.5 with BHI plus yeast extract, haemin and cysteine as growth medium). Both cultures were maintained anaerobically at 37 degrees C at a growth rate of 0.1/h. Steady-state chemostats were pulsed with triclosan or triclosan monophosphate (initial concentrations between 20 and 40 mg/L) and changes in the ecological composition noted after 6 h. The caries-like microcosm steady state was dominated by streptococci, Lactobacillus and Veillonella sp. with low but detectable levels of Neisseria, Actinomyces and Fusobacterium sp. No significant ecological shifts occurred following pulses of either antimicrobial agent; all species were affected to approximately the same degree. The periodontal disease-like microcosm steady state was dominated by streptococci, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, Actinomyces, Prevotella and Porphyromonas sp. with low numbers of Neisseria and Lactobacillus sp. Significant ecological shifts were apparent following pulses of triclosan. The streptococci became the dominant group followed by Fusobacterium sp. For triclosan monophosphate, the streptococci again became dominant although Lactobacillus and Actinomyces were now the main sub-dominant species and Gram-negative anaerobes including Fusobacterium sp. were markedly inhibited. It is concluded that in the periodontal disease state, both triclosan and triclosan monophosphate affected the Gram-negative anaerobes to a greater extent than the Gram-positive groups and that this effect was more marked for triclosan monophosphate.
Genetic and biochemical determinants of abnormal monovalent ion transport in primary hypertension (1999)

Data obtained during the last two decades show that spontaneously hypertensive rats, an acceptable experimental model of primary human hypertension, possess increased activity of both ubiquitous and renal cell-specific isoforms of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter. Abnormalities of these ion transporters have been found in patients suffering from essential hypertension. Recent genetic studies demonstrate that genes encoding the beta- and gamma-subunits of ENaC, a renal cell-specific isoform of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, and alpha3-, alpha1-, and beta2-subunits of the Na+-K+ pump are localized within quantitative trait loci (QTL) for elevated blood pressure as well as for enhanced heart-to-body weight ratio, proteinuria, phosphate excretion, and stroke latency. On the basis of the homology of genome maps, several other genes encoding these transporters, as well as the Na+/H+ exchanger and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, can be predicted in QTL related to the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, despite their location within QTL, analysis of cDNA structure did not reveal any mutation in the coding region of the above-listed transporters in primary hypertension, with the exception of G276L substitution in the alpha1-Na+-K+ pump from Dahl salt-sensitive rats and a higher occurrence of T594M mutation of beta-ENaC in the black population with essential hypertension. These results suggest that, in contrast to Mendelian forms of hypertension, the altered activity of monovalent ion transporters in primary hypertension is caused by abnormalities of systems involved in the regulation of their expression and/or function. Further analysis of QTL in F2 hybrids of normotensive and hypertensive rats and in affected sibling pairs will allow mapping of genes causing abnormalities of these regulatory pathways.
Role of leukotrienes in asthma. (1994)

The allergen-induced release of leukotrienes, the 5-lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism in activated airway cells, is critical in the pathophysiology of asthma. Key proteins in leukotriene formation are 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein. The leukotrienes have potent biologic activity: leukotriene (LT)B4 is a chemoattractant for leukocytes and also induces leukocyte aggregation and adherence to vascular endothelium; and the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are bronchoconstrictors, induce airway mucous secretion, and increase vascular permeability. Sulfidopeptide leukotriene release has also been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of asthmatic aspirin intolerance. Effective, selective inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and leukotriene receptor antagonists have recently been developed as novel therapies for bronchial asthma and other inflammatory disorders.