gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Unique and Reliable Physically Unclonable Functions Based on Current Starved Inverter Chain (2011)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are a class of circuits, which are used to map a set of challenges to responses relying upon the intrinsic process variations in interconnects and transistors. The PUFs are expected to produce unique and repeatable responses. In an arbiter based PUF, the uniqueness is contingent upon relative path delays. Reliability or repeatability of responses depends on circuit sensitivity to environmental parameters such as temperature. In this paper, we propose an arbiter based PUF circuit built on current starved inverters, whose drain currents are set by local current mirrors. This circuit amplifies process variations that result in greater uniqueness when compared against a simple inverter chain. The final 64-stage PUF implemented in 45nm CMOS technology requires only 256 current-starved inverter gates. In experimental results we demonstrate superior performance of proposed circuit in uniqueness and reliability.
Regulation of virulence gene expression in pathogenic Listeria. (1996)

Dynamic interactions between host and pathogen are characteristic of infections caused by intracellular bacteria. This has favoured the evolution of highly effective control systems by which these pathogens regulate the expression of different virulence factors during sequential steps of the infection process. In the case of the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, these steps involve internalization by eukaryotic cells, lysis of the resulting phagosome, replication as well as movement within the host cytoplasm, direct cell-to-cell spread, and subsequent lysis of a double-membrane vacuole when entering neighbouring cells. Virulence factors which are involved in each of these steps have been identified and the expression of these factors is subject to a co-ordinate and differential control exerted by the major listerial virulence regulator PrfA. This protein belongs to the Crp/Fnr-family of transcriptional activators and recognizes specific target sequences in promoter regions of several listerial virulence genes. Differential expression of these genes during sequential steps of the infection seems to be at least partially mediated by different binding affinities of PrfA to its target sequences. Activity of PrfA-dependent genes and of prfA itself is under the control of several environmental variables which are used by the pathogen to recognize its transition from the free environment into a eukaryotic host.
A generic micromachined silicon platform for high-performance RF passive components (2000)

This paper describes the development of a micromachined silicon platform fabricated using the dissolved wafer process that supports: (1) high self-resonance frequency and quality factor inductors suspended on a dielectric membrane, (2) low-loss thin-film capacitors, and (3) polysilicon resistors. The process uses deep boron diffusion to create silicon anchors, which support a stress compensated dielectric membrane. A thick resist mold is used to gold electroplate the inductor, top capacitor plate, and bonding pads. This platform can be used to build miniature high-performance transceivers or other RF subsystems using either hybrid-attached surface-mount components or flip-chip bonded RF circuits. Using this technique, a Colpitts transmitter with a five-turn dielectric suspended inductor was designed and fabricated. The transmitter oscillates in the frequency band of 275-375 MHz, consumes 200 A when operated continuously and 100 A when amplitude modulated (on-off keying) at a rate of 1 Mbps (50% duty cycle).
DGAT1 inhibits retinol-dependent regulatory T cell formation and mediates autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2019)

The balance of effector versus regulatory T cells (Tregs) controls inflammation in numerous settings, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that memory phenotype CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells infiltrating the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely studied animal model of MS, expressed high levels of mRNA for <i>Dgat1</i> encoding diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1), an enzyme that catalyzes triglyceride synthesis and retinyl ester formation. DGAT1 inhibition or deficiency attenuated EAE, with associated enhanced Treg frequency; and encephalitogenic, DGAT1<sup>-/-</sup> in vitro-polarized Th17 cells were poor inducers of EAE in adoptive recipients. DGAT1 acyltransferase activity sequesters retinol in ester form, preventing synthesis of retinoic acid, a cofactor for Treg generation. In cultures with T cell-depleted lymphoid tissues, retinol enhanced Treg induction from DGAT1<sup>-/-</sup> but not from WT T cells. The WT Treg induction defect was reversed by DGAT1 inhibition. These results demonstrate that DGAT1 suppresses retinol-dependent Treg formation and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for autoimmune inflammation.
D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from <i>Escherichia coli</i>: isolation by affinity chromatography and sequence comparison to other dehydrogenases (1981)

Research Article| September 01 1981 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: isolation by affinity chromatography and sequence comparison to other dehydrogenases Gregory A. Grant; Gregory A. Grant 1Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, and Department of Biological Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Maria L. Zapp Maria L. Zapp 1Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, and Department of Biological Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: August 03 1981 Online ISSN: 1573-4935 Print ISSN: 0144-8463 © 1981 The Biochemical Society1981 Biosci Rep (1981) 1 (9): 733–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01116472 Article history Received: August 03 1981 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Gregory A. Grant, Maria L. Zapp; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: isolation by affinity chromatography and sequence comparison to other dehydrogenases. Biosci Rep 1 September 1981; 1 (9): 733–741. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01116472 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBioscience Reports Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 The Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ursa (2013)

Enterprise and cloud data centers are comprised of tens of thousands of servers providing petabytes of storage to a large number of users and applications. At such a scale, these storage systems face two key challenges: (1) hot-spots due to the dynamic popularity of stored objects; and (2) high operational costs due to power and cooling. Existing storage solutions, however, are unsuitable to address these challenges because of the large number of servers and data objects. This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of Ursa, a system that scales to a large number of storage nodes and objects, and aims to minimize latency and bandwidth costs during system reconfiguration. Toward this goal, Ursa formulates an optimization problem that selects a subset of objects from hot-spot servers and performs topology-aware migration to minimize reconfiguration costs. As exact optimization is computationally expensive, we devise scalable approximation techniques for node selection and efficient divide-and-conquer computation. We also show that the same dynamic reconfiguration techniques can be leveraged to reduce power costs by dynamically migrating data off under-utilized nodes, and powering up servers neighboring existing hot-spots to reduce reconfiguration costs. Our evaluation shows that Ursa achieves cost-effective load management, is time-responsive in computing placement decisions (e.g., about two minutes for 10K nodes and 10M objects), and provides power savings of 15%--37%.
Direct correlation between DNA topoisomerase II activity and cytotoxicity in adriamycin-sensitive and -resistant P388 leukemia cell lines. (1989)

The relationship between DNA topoisomerase II activity and drug resistance was studied in cloned cell lines of Adriamycin (ADR)-sensitive and -resistant P388 leukemia; drug resistant P388/ADR/3 (clone 3) and P388/ADR/7 (clone 7) cells are 5- and 10-fold more resistant to ADR than the sensitive cell line P388/4 (Cancer Res., 46: 2978, 1986). Topoisomerase II catalytic activity in crude nuclear extracts was reduced in drug-resistant cells as determined qualitatively by decatenation of kDNA. Using the centrifugal method fo quantitative analysis, topoisomerase II catalytic activity (mean +/- SE) was 81 +/- 10 units/mg total nuclear protein in sensitive cells, 29 +/- 2 units/mg total nuclear protein in resistant clone 3 cells, and 16 +/- 2 units/mg total nuclear protein in resistant clone 7 cells; these differences were highly significant (P less than 0.005). Similarly, quantitative analysis of DNA cleavage activity using 3' 32P-end-labeled pBR322 restriction fragments showed that drug-stimulated topoisomerase II cleavage activity in nuclear extracts from sensitive cells was approximately 1.7- and 2.9-fold greater than that from resistant clone 3 and 7 cells, respectively. Western blot analysis of nuclear extracts from the three cell lines using antibody against the C-terminal half of recombinant-prepared human topoisomerase II polypeptide revealed reduced immunoreactivity of topoisomerase II protein in the drug-resistant cells. These data suggest that reduced topoisomerase II activity in resistant cells, which may represent quantitative reduction of the enzyme, may be another property contributing to multifactorial drug resistance in these cells.
Ketolide Resistance Conferred by Short Peptides (1998)

Clones expressing pentapeptides conferring resistance to a ketolide antibiotic, HMR3004, were selected from a random pentapeptide mini-gene library. The pentapeptide MRFFV conferred the highest level of resistance and was encoded in three different mini-genes. Comparison of amino acid sequences of peptides conferring resistance to a ketolide with those conferring resistance to erythromycin reveals a correspondence between the peptide sequence and the chemical structure of macrolide antibiotic, indicating possible interaction between the peptide and the drug on the ribosome. Based on these observations, a "bottle brush" model of action of macrolide resistance peptides is proposed, in which newly translated peptide interacts with the macrolide molecule on the ribosome and actively displaces it from its binding site. Temporal "cleaning" of the ribosome from the bound antibiotic may be sufficient to allow continuation of protein synthesis even despite the presence of the drug in the medium.
Application of organic petrography in North American shale petroleum systems: A review (2016)

Organic petrography via incident light microscopy has broad application to shale petroleum systems, including delineation of thermal maturity windows and determination of organo-facies. Incident light microscopy allows practitioners the ability to identify various types of organic components and demonstrates that solid bitumen is the dominant organic matter occurring in shale plays of peak oil and gas window thermal maturity, whereas oil-prone Type I/II kerogens have converted to hydrocarbons and are not present. High magnification SEM observation of an interconnected organic porosity occurring in the solid bitumen of thermally mature shale reservoirs has enabled major advances in our understanding of hydrocarbon migration and storage in shale, but suffers from inability to confirm the type of organic matter present. Herein we review organic petrography applications in the North American shale plays through discussion of incident light photographic examples. In the first part of the manuscript we provide basic practical information on the measurement of organic reflectance and outline fluorescence microscopy and other petrographic approaches to the determination of thermal maturity. In the second half of the paper we discuss applications of organic petrography and SEM in all of the major shale petroleum systems in North America including tight oil plays such as the Bakken, Eagle Ford and Niobrara, and shale gas and condensate plays including the Barnett, Duvernay, Haynesville-Bossier, Marcellus, Utica, and Woodford, among others. Our review suggests systematic research employing correlative high resolution imaging techniques and in situ geochemical probing is needed to better document hydrocarbon storage, migration and wettability properties of solid bitumen at the pressure and temperature conditions of shale reservoirs.
Floods, droughts and climate change (1995)

Observations of apparent cyclicity of climatic extremes - floods and droughts - are as old as civilization itself. As all climatological processes are driven by the redistribution of solar energy, it is natural to search for explanations of the observed anomalies in solar radiation. The only available long-term indicator of perturbations in solar radiation is the sunspot counts. In this presentation it is shown that there is an uncanny correspondence between cumulative deviations from the mean annual river flow for most river systems in South Africa and cumulative deviations from the mean annual sunspot numbers.
Controversial users demand local trust metrics: an experimental study on Epinions.com community (2005)

In today&apos;s connected world it is possible and very com-mon to interact with unknown people, whose reliabil-ity is unknown. Trust Metrics are a recently proposed technique for answering questions such as \\Should I trust this user?&quot;. However, most of the current re-search assumes that every user has a global quality score and that the goal of the technique is just to pre-dict this correct value. We show, on data from a real and large user community, Epinions.com, that such an assumption is not realistic because there is a signicant portion of what we call controversial users, users who are trusted and distrusted by many. A global agree-ment about the trustworthiness value of these users cannot exist. We argue, using computational experi-ments, that the existence of controversial users (a nor-mal phenomena in societies) demands Local Trust Met-rics, techniques able to predict the trustworthiness of an user in a personalized way, depending on the very personal view of the judging user.
Studies on Several Fluorescent Brightening Agents for Synthetic Fibers (1962)

合成繊維,特にポリアクリロニトリル系繊維に対する良好なケイ光増白染料をうるための一つの試みとして,イソニコチン酸-,α,α'-ジピコリン酸-またはα,β'-ジピコリン酸-クロリドとo-アミノフェノール誘導体を縮合したのち脱水閉環することにより,ピリジン環を有するオキサゾール化合物,すなわちγ-ベンズオキサゾリル-(2)-(I),α,α'-ビス(ベンズオキサゾリル-(2))-(III),α,β'-ビス(ベンズオキサゾリル-(2))-ピリジン(V),およびそれぞれ相当する5-メチル誘導体(II),(IV),(VI)を合成した。さらにIおよびIIをベンゼン中,ジメチル硫酸で処理してピリジニウム塩型の(VII)および(VIII)を得た。これらの化合物を用いてポリアクリロニトリル系繊維(カシミロン-F,ボンネル-W,エクスラン-L),アセテート,ビニロンおよびアミラン(ナイロン6)を増白した。III,IVを除いてすべて可視部にケイ光を有するがII,II,VIIおよびVIIIで処理したアクリル系繊維が最も良好に増白された。この場合IおよびIIはカチオン型のVIIおよびVIIIと同様に,アクリル系繊維に対して繊維中の酸性基と,イオン交換的に染着するが,他の繊維に対する染着挙動は分散染料の場合と同様である。このような染着挙動の相異は,吸着等温線の決定,増白布のケイ光スペクトルの測定および溶液に酢酸,硫酸およびベンゼンスルホン酸を添加した際の吸収およびケイ光スペクトルの変化からも認められた。増白布の日光堅ろう度は,総体的に十分ではないが,アクリル系繊維上におけるI,II,VII,VIIIが比較的良好であった。
Understanding and Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change with the Typhoon Intensity Prediction Scheme (TIPS) (1997)

A multiple regression scheme with tropical cyclone intensity change as the dependent variable has been developed. The new scheme is titled the Typhoon Intensity Prediction Scheme (TIPS) and is similar to one used operationally at the National Hurricane Center. However, TIPS contains two major differences: it is developed for the western North Pacific Ocean, and utilizes digitized satellite data; the first time such satellite information has been combined with other predictors in a tropical cyclone multiple regression scheme. It is shown that the satellite data contains vital information that distinguishes between fast and slow developing tropical cyclones. The importance of other predictors (such as wind shear, persistence, climatology, and an empirical formula dependent on sea surface temperature) to intensity change are also clarified in the statistical analysis. A normalization technique reveals threshold values useful to forecasters. It is shown that TIPS may be competitive with the Joint Typhoon Warning Center in forecasting tropical cyclone intensity change.
Dual Loss of ER Export and Endocytic Signals with Altered Melanosome Morphology in the<i>silver</i>Mutation of Pmel17 (2006)

Pmel17 is a pigment cell-specific integral membrane protein that participates in the formation of the intralumenal fibrils upon which melanins are deposited in melanosomes. The Pmel17 cytoplasmic domain is truncated by the mouse silver mutation, which is associated with coat hypopigmentation in certain strain backgrounds. Here, we show that the truncation interferes with at least two steps in Pmel17 intracellular transport, resulting in defects in melanosome biogenesis. Human Pmel17 engineered with the truncation found in the mouse silver mutant (hPmel17si) is inefficiently exported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Localization and metabolic pulse-chase analyses with site-directed mutants and chimeric proteins show that this effect is due to the loss of a conserved C-terminal valine that serves as an ER exit signal. hPmel17si that exits the ER accumulates abnormally at the plasma membrane due to the loss of a di-leucine-based endocytic signal. The combined effects of reduced ER export and endocytosis significantly deplete Pmel17 within endocytic compartments and delay proteolytic maturation required for premelanosome-like fibrillogenesis. The ER export delay and cell surface retention are also observed for endogenous Pmel17si in melanocytes from silver mice, within which Pmel17 accumulation in premelanosomes is dramatically reduced. Mature melanosomes in these cells are larger, rounder, more highly pigmented, and less striated than in control melanocytes. These data reveal a dual sorting defect in a natural mutant of Pmel17 and support a requirement of endocytic trafficking in Pmel17 fibril formation.
Strong Coupling between Single Photons in Semiconductor Microcavities (2006)

We discuss the observability of strong coupling between single photons in semiconductor microcavities coupled by a chi2 nonlinearity. We present two schemes and analyze the feasibility of their practical implementation in three systems: photonic crystal defects, micropillars, and microdisks, fabricated out of GaAs. We show that, if a weak coherent state is used to enhance the chi2 interaction, the strong coupling regime between two modes at different frequencies occupied by a single photon is within reach of current technology. The unstimulated strong coupling of a single photon and a photon pair is very challenging and will require an improvement in mirocavity quality factors of 2-4 orders of magnitude to be observable.
Load- and Position-Independent Moving MHz WPT System Based on GaN-Distributed Current Sources (2017)

This paper describes the modeling, analysis, and design of a complete (dc-to-dc) inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) system for industrial moving applications. The system operates at 6.78 MHz and delivers up to 150 W to a load moving along a linear path, providing a quasi-constant dc output voltage and maintaining a zero voltage switching operation, regardless of position and load, without any retuning or feedback. The inductive link consists of an array of stationary transmitting coils and a moving receiving coil whose length is optimized to achieve a constant coupling coefficient along the path. Each Tx coil is individually driven by a constant amplitude and phase sinusoidal current that is generated from a GaN-based coupled load-independent Class EF inverter. Two adjacent transmitters are activated at a given time depending on the receiver's position; this effectively creates a virtual series connection between the two transmitting coils. The Rx coil is connected to a passive Class E rectifier that is designed to maintain a constant dc output voltage independent of its load and position. Extensive experimental results are presented to show the performance over different loading conditions and positions. A peak dc-to-dc efficiency of 80% is achieved at 100 W of dc output power and a dc output voltage variation of less than 5% is measured over a load range from 30 to $500~\Omega $ . The work in this paper is foreseen as a design solution for a high-efficient, maintenance-free, and reliable WPT system for powering sliders and mass movers in industrial automation plants.
Sites of iodination in recombinant human brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and its effect on neurotrophic activity (1993)

Recombinant human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is now under extensive investigation because of its potential clinical applications. Radioactively labeled proteins are usually required to study receptor binding and pharmacokinetic properties of proteins. This study was undertaken to see if iodination affects the biological and conformational properties of a recombinant BDNF. BDNF was iodinated using a stoichiometric amount of nonradioactive cold NaI to minimize multiple iodinations. Of the four tyrosines present in BDNF--Tyr-52, Tyr-54, Tyr-63, and Tyr-86--only Tyr-63 and Tyr-86 were iodinated under the experimental conditions used. Iodination of Tyr-63 resulted in modification without alteration of the biological activity, whereas iodination of Tyr-86 resulted in a molecule with highly compromised biological activity. Similar inactivation was observed if both Tyr-63 and Tyr-86 were iodinated. These modified proteins exhibited conformation and dimerization apparently identical to those of the native protein, as demonstrated by analytical ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, light scattering, and circular dichroism. From these results, we concluded that Tyr-52 and Tyr-54 are not accessible to the reagent and are probably buried in the hydrophobic core, whereas Tyr-63 and Tyr-86 are exposed on the surface of the molecule; of the two exposed residues, only Tyr-86 contributes to the biological activity.
Topic Modeling based on Keywords and Context (2018)

Current topic models often suffer from discovering topics not matching human intuition, unnatural switching of topics within documents and high computational demands. We address these shortcomings by proposing a topic model and an inference algorithm based on automatically identifying characteristic keywords for topics. Keywords influence the topic assignments of nearby words. Our algorithm learns (key)word-topic scores and self-regulates the number of topics. The inference is simple and easily parallelizable. A qualitative analysis yields comparable results to those of state-of-the-art models, but with different strengths and weaknesses. Quantitative analysis using eight datasets shows gains regarding classification accuracy, PMI score, computational performance, and consistency of topic assignments within documents, while most often using fewer topics.