gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the <i>Gerbera</i> (Asteraceae) inflorescence (2008)

Several key processes in plant development are regulated by TCP transcription factors. CYCLOIDEA-like (CYC-like) TCP domain proteins have been shown to control flower symmetry in distantly related plant lineages. Gerbera hybrida, a member of one of the largest clades of angiosperms, the sunflower family (Asteraceae), is an interesting model for developmental studies because its elaborate inflorescence comprises different types of flowers that have specialized structures and functions. The morphological differentiation of flower types involves gradual changes in flower size and symmetry that follow the radial organization of the densely packed inflorescence. Differences in the degree of petal fusion further define the distinct shapes of the Gerbera flower types. To study the role of TCP transcription factors during specification of this complex inflorescence organization, we characterized the CYC-like homolog GhCYC2 from Gerbera. The expression of GhCYC2 follows a gradient along the radial axis of the inflorescence. GhCYC2 is expressed in the marginal, bilaterally symmetrical ray flowers but not in the centermost disk flowers, which are nearly radially symmetrical and have significantly less fused petals. Overexpression of GhCYC2 causes disk flowers to obtain morphologies similar to ray flowers. Both expression patterns and transgenic phenotypes suggest that GhCYC2 is involved in differentiation among Gerbera flower types, providing the first molecular evidence that CYC-like TCP factors take part in defining the complex inflorescence structure of the Asteraceae, a major determinant of the family's evolutionary success.
A Diastereospecific Synthesis of 2-Methyl-5β-phenyl-5α-carbethoxy-2- azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane:  A Ring-Constrained Analogue of Meperidine (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Diastereospecific Synthesis of 2-Methyl-5β-phenyl-5α-carbethoxy-2- azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane: A Ring-Constrained Analogue of MeperidineStephen M. Husbands, Richard H. Kline, Andrew C. Allen, and Amy Hauck NewmanView Author Information Psychobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3, 418–419Publication Date (Web):January 14, 1998Publication History Received29 September 1997Published online14 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971791zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971791zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Conformation,Molecular structure,Pharmaceuticals,Transition states Get e-Alerts
A CASE OF STONE FORMATION IN THE MAINZ POUCH USING APPENDIX AS THE EFFERNT LIMB: A CASE REPORT (2002)

A large calculus (6.0 x 4.5 x 7.0 cm sized) in the continent urinary pouch was detected incidentally by computed tomography in a 7-year-old man with a gall bladder stone. He underwent a total cystectomy and Mainz pouch formation using appendix as the efferent limb for bladder cancer 7 years ago. Urine culture showed Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli, and urine pH was 8.5. The stone was removed successfully through a pouchotomy and composed mainly of struvite. The stone analysis was MAP; 88% and CaCO3; 12%. Convalescence was uneventful. This is the first case of in Mainz pouch using appendix as the efferent limb.
Expression of planar cell polarity genes during development of the mouse CNS (2006)

Atypical cadherin (Celsr3) and the receptor Frizzled3 (Fzd3) are crucial for the development of axonal tracts in the mouse CNS. Celsr3 and Fzd3 are orthologues of the Drosophila'planar cell polarity' (PCP) genes flamingo/starry night (fmi/stan) and frizzled, respectively. Reasoning that Celsr3 and Fzd3 might interact with PCP orthologues in mammals like they do in flies, we used mRNA in situ hybridization to compare the expression of Celsr3 and Fzd3 with that of dishevelled 1, 2 and 3 (Dvl1-3), van gogh-like 1 and 2 (Vangl1, 2), and prickle-like 1 and 2 (Prickle1, 2), during mouse CNS development, from embryonic day 10.5 to postnatal day 21. With the relative exception of Vangl1, all genes were expressed in the developing CNS. Although Celsr3- and Fzd3-deficient mice have similar phenotypes, Fzd3 expression was more widespread than that of Celsr3. Vangl2 and Dvl2 were preferentially expressed in ventricular zones, in keeping with their role during neural tube closure, where they could be partners of Celsr1. Dvl1 had a broad expression, reminiscent of that of Celsr2, and may be involved in neural maintenance. A large overlap in the expression territories of Dvl genes suggested redundancy. Vangl1 and Prickle1 had expression canvases different from each other and from other candidates, indicating unrelated function. Like Celsr3, Dvl3 and Prickle2 were expressed more strongly in postmitotic neurons than in precursors. Thus, the analogy between the PCP and Celsr3-Fzd3 genetic networks is limited, but may include Dvl3 and/or Prickle2.
Cisplatin Therapy in 41 Dogs With Malignant Tumors (1988)

Forty-one dogs with a variety of histopathologically diagnosed, measurable tumors were treated with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, Platinol, Bristol Laboratories, Syracuse, NY 13221-4755) as a single agent at a dosage of 60 mg/m2 given intravenously at 3-week intervals. In an attempt to avoid renal toxicity of cisplatin, saline diuresis was induced and maintained for 4 hours before and 2 hours following cisplatin administration. The dogs received one to ten doses of cisplatin. To determine response to therapy and to monitor toxicity of the drug, the dogs were evaluated with physical examinations including tumor measurements, radiography, complete blood counts, platelet counts, urinalyses, serum urea nitrogen concentrations, and serum creatinine concentrations. An overall response rate of 19% was observed. Complete remission occurred in one of 11 dogs with squamous cell carcinomas and one of one dog with a mediastinal undifferentiated carcinoma. Partial remissions were documented in one of 11 dogs with squamous cell carcinomas, two of three dogs with metastatic osteosarcomas, one of three dogs with nasal adenocarcinomas, and one of one dog with a thyroid adenocarcinoma. Toxic side effects were primarily gastrointestinal in nature, with vomiting occurring 1-6 hours after cisplatin administration in 27 of 41 dogs. Severe anorexia occurred in three dogs, and hemorrhagic diarrhea was observed in one dog. One dog developed grand mal seizures and died 3 hours following therapy. Granulocytopenia was documented in six dogs, and thrombocytopenia was observed in four dogs. One dog showed an increase in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, but this patient had known pre-existing renal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Study of molybdenum back contact layer to achieve adherent and efficient CIGS2 absorber thin-film solar cells (2005)

Molybdenum is used as back contact layer in I-III-VI2 compound thin-film solar cells. Mo film was sputter deposited on 125-mm-diameter Si wafer having 100 orientation using dc magnetron sputtering. Films with similar parameters were also deposited on 2.5cm×10cm soda-lime glass for studying the adhesion to the substrate and chemical reactivity of molybdenum with H2S gas at 475°C for 20min. Mo being refractory material develops stresses. It is essential to deposit stress-free and relatively inert Mo films in order to achieve well adherent and highly efficient CuIn1−xGaxS2 absorber thin film solar cells on flexible metallic foil and glass substrates. Earlier studies have shown that films deposited at sputtering power of 300W and 0.3×10−3Torr working argon pressure develop compressive stress, while the films deposited at 200W and 5×10−3Torr pressure develop tensile stress. Four sets of experiments were carried out to achieve optimum deposition cycle to deposit stress-free Mo. In the first experiment, Mo thickness of 138nm was deposited at 300W power and 0.3×10−3Torr pressure. In the second experiment Mo thickness of 127nm was deposited at power of 200W and pressure of 5×10−3Torr. Two more experiments were carried out by using alternate layers to reduce the overall stress. In a third experiment, two high power cycles were sandwiched between three low power cycles with total film thickness of 330nm. In a fourth experiment two low power cycles were sandwiched between three high power cycles resulting in effective thickness of 315nm. This article describes the wafer bending analysis for stress measurement, x-ray diffraction for crystal quality, scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology and Auger electron spectroscopy for the extent of sulfur diffusion in Mo layer.
Solaris MC: A Multi-Computer OS (1996)

Solaris MC is a prototype distributed operating system for multi-computers (i.e., clusters of nodes) that provides a single-system image: a cluster appears to the user and applications as a single computer running the Solaris ™ operating system. Solaris MC is built as a set of extensions to the base Solaris UNIX ® system and provides the same ABI/API as Solaris, running unmodified applications. The components of Solaris MC are implemented in C++ through a CORBA-compliant object-oriented system with all new services defined by the IDL definition language. Objects communicate through a runtime system that borrows from Solaris doors and Spring subcontracts. Solaris MC is designed for high availability: if a node fails, the remaining nodes remain operational. Solaris MC has a distributed caching file system with UNIX consistency semantics, based on the Spring virtual memory and file system architecture. Process operations are extended across the cluster, including remote process execution and a global /proc file system. The external network is transparently accessible from any node in the cluster. The prototype is fairly complete—we regularly exercise the system by running multiple copies of an off-the-shelf commercial database system.
Effective work function modification of atomic-layer-deposited-TaN film by capping layer (2006)

We demonstrate that the metallic capping layer has a strong impact on the effective work function (EWF) of the metal gate. Specifically, the EWF of atomic-layer-deposited (ALD)-TaN could be increased from 4.5to4.8eV with chemical-vapor-deposited-TiN capping, which is sufficient amount of work function modification for silicon on insulator based devices. A strong interdiffusion of Ti atoms into the ALD-TaN film is observed and correlated well with the changes in the EWF change. Ti capping experiments confirm that the Ti interdiffusion can actually modify the EWF of Ti/ALD-TaN stack.
Regulation of bacterial DNA supercoiling: plasmid linking numbers vary with growth temperature. (1984)

The level of DNA supercoiling can be altered either by breaking-rejoining reactions that change the DNA linking number or by environmental changes that alter the helical pitch of DNA. In vitro, temperature changes alter helical pitch and, thus, supercoiling. We find that plasmids isolated from bacteria grown at different temperatures exhibit differences in DNA linking numbers. The differences in plasmid linking numbers offset the effect temperature is expected to have on supercoiling. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that fine control of DNA topology in bacterial cells is brought about by changes in linking number to maintain a constant value for supercoiling.
Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. XVI. The Reactions of Two Isomeric Enol Ethers of 3-Methylcyclohexanone over Platinum Group Metals (1978)

Abstract The two isomeric enol ethers of 3-methylcyclohexanone, 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-, and 1-ethoxy-5-methylcyclohexenes (5 and 6), have been hydrogenated in ethanol with six platinum group metals as catalysts. Palladium, rhodium, and platinum efficiently catalyzed the addition of ethanol to the enol ethers to give the corresponding acetal, while iridium and ruthenium catalyzed it only slightly. Osmium was moderately active for the acetal formation. Extensive isomerization between 5 and 6 occurred over all catalysts. In addition, isomerization to an allyl ether, 3-ethoxy-1-methylcyclohexene (9), was observed with 5 over the metals other than palladium. Hydrogenation of 5 and 6 with palladium gave the trans-ether predominantly. With the other metals, the cis-ether was formed in large excess from 5 and the trans-ether in slight excess from 6 at the initial stage of hydrogenation. Hydrogenolysis of the ethoxyl group occurred extensively over platinum but only slightly with palladium and ruthenium. These results are compared with those obtained with the corresponding dimethylcyclohexenes and allyl ether 9.
379. Some novel penicillin derivatives (1965)

A. B. A. Jansen and T. J. Russell, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 2127 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650002127
Analog Calibration of Mismatches in an Open-Loop Track-and-Hold Circuit for Time-Interleaved ADCs (2007)

This paper presents a method for the on-chip measurement and correction of gain errors, offsets and nonlinearities of a track-and-hold circuit (T&H) of an ADC. Open-loop T&H circuits were considered in this paper because of their high-speed and low-power capabilities. However, these open-loop circuits require calibration for the aforementioned errors in order to achieve a high accuracy, especially in case of time-interleaved architectures. With the proposed method, the errors can be measured and digitized on-chip accurately, without requiring a substantial amount of hardware or any accurate references. Then, this information is used by a digitally implemented algorithm to optimize several digitally controlled analog parameters of the circuit. In turn, these parameters minimize the effect of mismatch errors. After optimization, the digital logic can be switched off completely in order to save power.
Modulated single-longitudinal mode semiconductor laser and fiber transmission characteristics at 1.55 µm (1981)

A laser light injection technique was studied to realize a semiconductor laser transmitter oscillating in a 1.55 μm single-longitudinal mode. When -15 dBm optical power was injected into the directly modulated laser, no dispersion degradation was observed in the error rate characteristics after transmitting through 44.3 km single-mode fibers at 100 Mbits/s. Effective gain coefficient <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g-\alpha</tex> , measured by the light injection method, was 45 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> near threshold. As this gain was sufficiently saturated at the -15 dBm injection power, undesired longitudinal modes in the modulated laser were suppressed.
Early Intermediates in Spermidine-Induced DNA Condensation on the Surface of Mica (1998)

The folding pathway of spermidine-induced DNA condensation on the surface of mica was examined by varying the concentration of spermidine in a dilute DNA solution and visualizing intermediates by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Images reveal that spermidine-induced DNA condensation on mica involves multiple well-defined structural intermediates. At 1.5−3 μM spermidine there are no interesting morphologies of the DNA, although there is a reduction of the apparent persistence length. At 7.5−15 μM spermidine, intramolecular loops (mean diameter 40 ± 15 nm) form. Loops initially appear to form independently of each other, but individual molecules with multiple loops tend to crossover at the same point producing “flower”-shaped structures. At 30 μM spermidine, the tendency to form single crossover points increases and multimolecular flowers form. After initial flower formation disklike condensates appear, sometimes as apparent outgrowths from flowers. The resolvable strands in the disks are thicker than double-stranded DNA, suggesting a close association of two or more DNA strands and, thus, a stabilization of strand−strand interactions along the length of the DNA. This strand−strand stabilization is further indicated by the formation of very large (>500 nm) multimolecular aggregates, at 150 μM spermidine, composed predominantly of flowers and disks. These aggregates are initially planar with a monomolecular thickness and few crossover points. At the highest spermidine concentrations examined growth in the third dimension is seen as additional layers of condensates formed. These results suggest that there are several intermediates early in spermidine-induced DNA condensation on mica, with well-defined characteristics. Some of these intermediates have novel intra- and intermolecular contacts.
Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa by Vitrification vs. Slow Freezing: Canadian Experience (2012)

Many advances in reproductive medicine in the past five decades have made cryopreservation of human spermatozoa an invaluable tool for the clinical management of infertility and sperm banking. The advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with microsurgical sperm handling techniques along with advances in female gamete acquisition have resulted in an increased demand for the cryopreservation of semen and tissue samples, often containing a very limited number of spermatozoa. Sperm cryopreservation also makes it possible for cancer patients to preserve their fertility prior to gonadotoxic chemotherapy or radiation. Applications of sperm banking are not limited to cancer patients but extend to patients undergoing certain types of pelvic or testicular surgeries; those who suffer from degenerative illnesses such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis; spinal cord disease or injury; and persons in occupations where a significant risk of gonadotoxicity prevails. Sperm cryopreservation is also available to men undergoing surgical sterilization such as vasectomy, in the event that children may be desired in the future. Another use for semen cryopreservation is to allow donor semen samples to be quarantined while appropriate screening is performed to prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens during therapeutic donor insemination (TDI).
Wnt signalling pathway: a new target for the treatment of osteoporosis (2005)

The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis traditionally involves the use of antiresorptive agents that target osteoclast function. Antiresorptive therapy is not associated with a significant increase in bone mass and, thus, only partially reduces the risk of fractures. For that reason, the search for anabolic agents, which target osteoblast function, represents an urgent medical need. The first approved bone anabolic drug for the treatment of osteoporosis was teriparatide (human parathyroid hormone 1-34). Recently, both human genetics and animal studies have pointed out the role of the Wnt/LRP5 pathway as a major regulator of bone mass accrual. Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that bind to receptor complexes including low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)-5/6 and Frizzled proteins. A subsequent intracellular cascade of events stabilises beta-catenin, leading to its translocation into the nucleus where, associated with Tcf/Lef transcription factors, it triggers gene expression. The existence of many potential pharmacological targets in this pathway makes it attractive for bone anabolic drug discovery.
Neuropotency of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultures: Clonal Studies Reveal the Contribution of Cell Plasticity and Cell Contamination (2008)

Various studies have shown neuropotency of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) based on the appearance of cells with neural phenotype before or after neural induction protocols. However, to date, it is unclear which mechanisms account for this observation. We hypothesized that neural phenotypes observed in hMSC cultures can be because of both intrinsic cell plasticity and contamination by cells of neural origin. Therefore, we characterized 38 clones from hMSC cultures by assessing their adipogenic/osteogenic potential with specific mesenchymal differentiation protocols, and their molecular neural phenotype by RT-PCR analysis before and after exposure to a defined neural stem cell (NSC) medium for 8 days (neural protocol). We found 33 clones with mesenchymal potential and 15 of them also showed a neural phenotype. As neural phenotypes were maintained during the neural protocol, this suggested neural cell plasticity in 39% of all clones through pluripotency. Importantly, we were able to induce neural phenotypes in 11 of mesenchymal clones applying the neural protocol, demonstrating neural cell plasticity in 29% of all clones through the mechanism of transdifferentiation. Finally, 2 of 5 nonmesenchymal clones (5% of all clones) displayed a neural phenotype indicating neural cell contamination of hMSC cultures. In conclusion, we found 2 different ways of neuropotency of hMSC cultures: cell plasticity and cell contamination.
A 0.6-tesla superconducting magnet for magnetic resonance imaging (1992)

The authors introduce the first superconducting magnet system for whole body magnetic resonance imaging built in China. The character and composition of the system are described in detail. The warm bore diameter of the magnet system is 1.08 m; the length is 2.55 m; and the total weight is 7000 kg. The main 0.6-T magnet is composed of six superconducting coils. The coils are wound with NbTi wire with a 1-mm diameter, and the rated current is 142.6 A. Passive shims are used to correct the central field and achieve a uniformity of 2.5 ppm in 30 cm DSV. The cryostat system is equipped with an LHe and LN/sub 2/ closed-loop refrigerator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>