gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Classes of Tn<i>10</i> Transposase Mutants That Suppress Mutations in the Tn<i>10</i> Terminal Inverted Repeat (1996)

Tn10 transposition requires IS10 transposase and essential sequences at the two ends of the element. Mutations in terminal basepairs 6-13 confer particularly strong transposition defects. We describe here the identification of transposase mutations that suppress the transposition defects of such terminus mutations. These mutations are named "SEM" for suppression of ends mutations. All of the SEM mutations suppress more than a single terminus mutation and thus are not simple alterations of transposase/end recognition specificity. The mutations identified fall into two classes on the basis of genetic tests, location within the protein and nature of the amino acid substitution. Class I mutations, which are somewhat allele specific, appear to define a small structural and functional domain of transposase in which hydrophobic interactions are important at an intermediate stage of the transposition reaction, after an effective interaction between the ends but before transposon excision. Class II mutations, which are more general in their effects, occur at a single residue in a small noncritical amino-terminal proteolytic domain of transposase and exert their affects by altering a charge interaction; these mutations may affect act early in the reaction, before or during establishment of an effective interaction between the ends.
Recent Progress in SOI Materials for the Next Generation of IC Technology (1993)

A look at the strides made with silicon-on-insulator materials and what it may mean for the future of integrated circuit technology.
Public Health Informatics: Improving and Transforming Public Health in the Information Age (2000)

Development of effective public health information systems requires understanding public health informatics (PHI), the systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research, and learning. PHI is distinguished from other informatics specialties by its focus on prevention in populations, use of a wide range of interventions to achieve its goals, and the constraints of operating in a governmental context. The current need for PHI arises from dramatic improvements in information technology, new pressures on the public health system, and changes in medical care delivery. Application of PHI principles provides unprecedented opportunities to build healthier communities.
Defective development of the embryonic and extraembryonic circulatory systems in vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) deficient mice (1995)

VCAM-1 is a cytokine-inducible cell surface protein capable of mediating adhesion to leukocytes expressing alpha 4 integrins. Mice deficient in VCAM-1 expression were produced by targeted homologous recombination in ES cells. VCAM-1-deficient embryos were not viable and exhibited either of two distinct phenotypes. Approximately half of the embryos died before embryonic day 11.5 and exhibited a severe defect in placental development in which the allantois failed to fuse with the chorion. The remaining VCAM-1-deficient embryos survived to embryonic day 11.5-12.5 and displayed several abnormalities in their developing hearts including a reduction of the compact layer of the ventricular myocardium and intraventricular septum. The hearts also contained significant amounts of blood in the pericardial space and lacked an epicardium. alpha 4 and VCAM-1 were found to be expressed in wild-type embryos in a reciprocal fashion in the chorion and allantois and in the epicardium and the underlying myocardium, although VCAM-1 was expressed in the intraventricular septum in the absence of adjacent alpha 4-expressing cells. These data suggest important roles for VCAM-1 and alpha 4 in the development of the placenta and the heart.
Isolation and characterization of a lectin from the cortical granules of Xenopus laevis eggs (1986)

A cortical granule lectin was isolated from eggs of the South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis. The lectin was released from the cortical granules by activation of dejellied eggs with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. The lectin was purified by affinity chromatography with its natural ligand, the egg jelly coat, chemically coupled to a Sepharose matrix. The purified lectin was homogeneous by the criteria of isoelectric focusing (pI = 4.6), immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis but existed in two different molecular weight isomers as determined by sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation and disc gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights of the isomers were determined by ultracentrifugation, disc gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration and found to be 539,000 and 655,000. Chemically, the lectin was a metalloglycoprotein, composed of 84.0% protein, 15.8% carbohydrate, and 0.19% calcium. No unusual types or amounts of amino acids were present. The carbohydrate moiety was composed of fucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and sialic acid. The monosaccharide specificity of the lectin was investigated with the sugar inhibition of the precipitin reaction in gels. The lectin was specific for D-galactosyl sugars with the configuration at carbon atoms 2-4 of primary importance.
Surfaces and surfactants (2013)

Abstract Surfaces, or more generally, interfaces, are important in soft matter by two reasons. The weak forces associated with surfaces, such as the surface tension and inter-surface forces, are important in the flow and deformation of soft matter. Many soft matter systems, especially colloidal dispersions, have large internal interfaces, and the properties of interfaces are crucial for bulk properties. This chapter first discusses the capillary phenomena in usual liquids, and provides thermodynamic definitions for surface tensions and surface adsorptions. Second, it describes surfactants, the materials which change the surface properties. Theory for the micelle formation of surfactants and its effect on surface tension are discussed. Third, the chapter explains the inter-surface force – the force acting between surfaces in close proximity – with reference to the stability of colloidal dispersions.
New carbazole alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata. (1990)

Five new monomeric carbazoles, named eustifoline-A (1), -B (2), -C (3), and -D (5) and furostifoline (6), and one dimeric carbazole alkaloid, murrastifoline-E (7), were isolated from the root bark of Murraya euchrestifolia collected in Taiwan in December, and their structures were elucidated by spectrometric means. Eustifoline-A (1) and -B (2) have a substituted pyran ring, ad eustifoline-C (3) having a geranyl side chain is considered to be a biogenetic precursor of 2. Eustifoline-D (5) and furostifoline (6) both have a furan ring system and were shown to be structural isomers. The new dimeric carbazole murrastifoline-E (7) was found to have the structure corresponding to deoxygenated murrastifoline-D (8) and to be an adduct of murrayafoline-A (9) with girinimbine (10).
Variable Cam Timing as an Emission Control Tool (1970)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automatic variation of internal combustion engine valve timing in response to load and speed is an effective technique for reducing emission of oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons. The variation employed is cam advance, which causes part of the exhaust gases normally expelled near the end of the exhaust stroke to be retained and mixed with the fresh air-fuel mixture during the following inlet stroke. Part of the unburned hydrocarbons normally emitted are contained in these recirculated end-of-stroke gases, and are oxidized further by re-exposure to combustion. The peak flame temperature is reduced by the diluent, and formation of oxides of nitrogen is suppressed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A prototype vehicle equipped with an automatic cam advance system shows that emissions measured by the Federal Test Procedure are reduced by the following amounts: nitric oxide 64%, unburned hydrocarbons 32%, and carbon monoxide 16.5%.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Only minimal changes in vehicle operating characteristics are caused, and potential durability is good since the existing engine valves and pistons are used to handle the recirculated exhaust. The cylinder-to-cylinder distribution of the diluent is inherently uniform, and the amount of recirculation is repeatable.</div>
Topical Diclofenac in the Treatment of Ocular Pain After Excimer Photorefractive Keratectomy (1993)

Diclofenac appears to significantly reduce the ocular pain following excimer photorefractive keratectomy.
A Novel Multicriteria Group Decision Making Approach With Intuitionistic\n Fuzzy SIR Method (2011)

The superiority and inferiority ranking (SIR) method is a generation of the\nwell-known PROMETHEE method, which can be more efficient to deal with\nmulti-criterion decision making (MCDM) problem. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets\n(IFSs), as an important extension of fuzzy sets (IFs), include both membership\nfunctions and non-membership functions and can be used to, more precisely\ndescribe uncertain information. In real world, decision situations are usually\nunder uncertain environment and involve multiple individuals who have their own\npoints of view on handing of decision problems. In order to solve uncertainty\ngroup MCDM problem, we propose a novel intuitionistic fuzzy SIR method in this\npaper. This approach uses intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators and SIR\nranking methods to handle uncertain information; integrate individual opinions\ninto group opinions; make decisions on multiple-criterion; and finally\nstructure a specific decision map. The proposed approach is illustrated in a\nsimulation of group decision making problem related to supply chain management.\n
Adsorptive filtration using coated sand: a new approach for treatment of metal-bearing wastes (1989)

Sand coated with iron hydroxide was compared with uncoated sand as an adsorbent filter media for treating metal bearing wastes. The oxide-coated sand outperformed uncoated sand in removing paniculate metals, as well as both uncomplexed and ammonia-complexed soluble metals. The removed metals were recovered and the adsorptive capacity of the media was re generated by exposure to a pH-3 solution. Head loss through coated sand was comparable to that through uncoated sand, but was more strongly pH dependent. The oxide coatings were stable when exposed to acidic solutions or moderate abrasion. This pro cess offers a promising means of obtaining high-level treatment of metal-bearing wastes. /. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 61, 1523(1989).
Short-term administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor decreases hematopoietic toxicity of cytostatic drugs (1993)

Short treatment with GM-CSF can enable the dose intensity of conventional protocols of proven efficacy to be increased.
The Role of Interleukin-4 in the Negative Regulation of Leukemia Cell Growth (1993)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), originally identified as a B-cell growth factor, has been shown to inhibit certain stages of hematopoietic stem cells. Recently, IL-4 has been recognized as a negative regulatory factor in the growth of hematologic malignancy. In myeloid leukemias, IL-4 can suppress the growth of growth factor-dependent leukemic blast cells derived from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). IL-4 also suppresses the growth of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia cells through inhibiting the "autocrine" production of IL-6 or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In lymphoid malignancies, IL-4 can inhibit the proliferation of neoplastic cells from Ph1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Thus, IL-4 is expected to be useful as a therapeutic agent for these hematologic malignancies.
Heterodyne Doppler 1-μm lidar measurement of reduced effective telescope aperture due to atmospheric turbulence (1991)

We performed an experimental study on the effect of atmospheric turbulence on heterodyne and direct detection lidar at 1 microm, employing a pulsed Nd:YAG bistatic focused beam lidar that permitted simultaneous heterodyne and direct detection of the same lidar returns. The average carrier-to-noise ratio and statistical fluctuation level in the lidar return signals were measured in various experimental and atmospheric conditions. The results showed that atmospheric turbulence could reduce the effective receiver telescope diameter of the l-microm heterodyne lidar to <5cm at a relatively short range of approximately 450 m near the ground. The observed effective telescope aperture and heterodyne detection efficiency varied during the day as the atmospheric turbulence level changed. At this time, we are not able to compare our experimental lidar data to a rigorous atmospheric turbulence and lidar detection theory which includes independently variable transmitter, receiver, and detector geometry. It is interesting to note, however, that the observed limitation of the effective receiver aperture was similar in functional form with those predictions based on the heterodyne wavefront detection theory by D. L. Fried [Proc. IEEE 55, 57-67 (1967)] and the heterodyne lidar detection theory for a fixed monostatic system by S. F. Clifford and S. Wandzura [Appl. Opt. 20, 514-516 (1981)]. We have also applied such an effective receiver aperture limitation to predict the system performance for a heterodyne Ho lidar operating at 2 microm.
DNA deamination in immunity (2005)

A functional immune system is one of the prerequisites for the survival of a species. Humans have one of the most complicated immune systems, with the ability to learn from and adapt to pathogens. At first, a primary repertoire of antibodies is generated, which, upon antigen encounter, will diversify and adapt to produce a highly specific and potent secondary response, part of which is kept in memory to fight off future infections. In this review, the mechanism as well as the specificities of the key protein in the secondary immune response, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), are highlighted, as well as its role in the DNA deamination model of immunoglobulin diversification. The review also highlights aspects of AID's regulation on both the transcriptional as well as post-translational level and its potential molecular mechanism and specificity. Furthermore, it expands outside the involvement of AID in somatic hypermutation, class switching, and gene conversion to discuss the implications of DNA deamination in epigenetic modifications of DNA (as a potential demethylase), the induction of mutations during oncogenesis, and includes an evolutionary comparison to the DNA deaminase family member APOBEC3G, a key protein in human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis.
Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells - characteristics and utility for drug discovery. (2009)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are self-renewing and pluripotent, that is, they can differentiate into virtually any somatic cell type. These exquisite features can be harnessed to continually create human cell types in vitro which can otherwise be difficult to obtain from other sources. In the last couple of years, substantial focus has been directed toward the generation and characterization of spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes from hES cells. Because of their functional properties and human origin, hES cell-derived cardiomyocytes are expected to provide unparalleled opportunities for cardiac drug discovery, cardiac safety assessment of new pharmaceutical compounds and cardiac modeling. This review discusses recent developments and improvements of the differentiated cells and provides some examples of how these cells are beginning to find practical use in drug discovery and development.
Compositional Modelling of the Diffusion Effect on EOR Process in Fractured Shale-Oil Reservoirs by Gasflooding (2015)

Gas injection is considered as an effective recovery process that has been widely used in the worldwide oil industry. There are limited pilot field projects conducted on enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) process by gas injection in shale-oil reservoirs. Although numerous studies have been conducted on gas injection in tight gas or oil reservoirs, the main recovery mechanism in shale-oil reservoirs is not well-understood. Diffusion plays an important role in the oil-recovery process in fractured-shale reservoirs. Most of the current studies on diffusion are performed in such a way that the producing pressure is equal to the initial reservoir pressure or core pressure; thus, the convective displacement is eliminated or minimized. One of the challenges is to evaluate the role of diffusion in field-scale displacements in the presence of viscous flow. This paper discusses the role of diffusion in improving oil recovery in fractured shale-oil reservoirs. Hoteit and Firoozabadi (2009) investigated the diffusion effect on recovery performance in a fractured gas/condensate reservoir. Their simulation results showed that molecular diffusion has a significant effect on gas recovery if the reservoir pressure is below the minimum miscible pressure. Modelling of the diffusion effect on ultimate oil recovery in extensively fractured shale reservoirs is crucial to the development of these marginal shale-oil or -gas projects. Evaluation of the recovery contribution from diffusion will provide important insights into the recovery mechanisms in intensely fractured shale-gas/oil reservoirs. Currently, a majority of the diffusion models were developed on the basis of the single porosity model that demands tremendous grid refinement in intensely fractured shale-oil reservoirs. The grid refinement is necessary for surrounding the fracture intersections, which makes the system become computationally expensive. In this paper, the matrix/matrix and matrix/fracture diffusion is coupled in a dual-permeability model to overcome the drawback of the single-porosity model. The simulation results demonstrate that the EOR by gas injection in the Eagle Ford shale-oil reservoir will benefit from matrix/matrix and matrix/fracture molecular diffusion.
Structural basis for the specific activation of human enteropeptidase. (1978)

Human cationic trypsinogen is activated by human enteropeptidase much more readily than bovine trypsinogen, the ratios kcat/Km being 330 and 11 mM-1S-1, respectively. Conversely, porcine enteropeptidase activates bovine trypsinogen much more rapidly (kcat/Km = 630 mM-1S-1) than human cationic trypsinogen (kcat/Km = 2.4 mM-1S-1). The primary structure of the activation region of human cationic trypsinogen has been investigated in an attempt to elucidate the basis for these findings. The sequence of the first 12 residues at the NH2-terminus of human cationic trypsinogen has been shown to be Asp-Lys-Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Asn-Cys-Glu-Glu-Asn. Furthermore, the activation peptide derived from human cationic trypsinogen has been isolated and shown to be the dipeptide Asp-Lys. This result is in contrast to the Val-(Asp)4-Lys activation peptide from bovine trypsinogen and demonstrates that human cationic trypsinogen does not contain the (Asp)4 sequence present in many other mammalian trypsinogens. It is proposed that the high degree of specificity for activation of human cationic trypsinogen by human enteropeptidase is due to the preferential recognition of the novel activation peptide sequence in the human zymogen. Thus, these two functionally related proteins, cationic trypsinogen and enteropeptidase, may have evolved in a parallel manner in the human lineage.
[Establishment and characterization of a neural stem cell line (RNSC-FMU 1) from rat brain]. (2004)

A neural stem cell line (RNSC-FMU 1) from rat brain have been established successfully by isolating and culturing neural stem cells from newborn SD rat brain in vitro with free-serum medium and passaging with mechanical division. The cell line cultured can continuously generate in vitro for long-term and it is 21 months (>100 passages) so far. These cells keep the feature of neural stem cell and normal karyotype. These neural stem cells can be induced to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The cells have an extensive self-renewal capacity; its doubling time of proliferation is about 20 h. The cells are also cryopreservable. Tumor formation is not observed in nude mice that explanted with the cells. This cell line is a good tool for research of neural stem cell.
Multiuser detection algorithm for PDMA uplink system based on SIC and MMSE (2016)

As the promising novel multiple access scheme for the 5th generation (5G) wireless communication system, pattern division multiple access (PDMA) technology can improve the spectral efficiency and support the massive connection based on the reasonable unequal diversity between users. Compared with traditional multiple access technologies, PDMA brings more serious multiple address interference to hinder the multiuser detection. The universal detection algorithm with low complexity and high performance is one of the main challenges of PDMA technology. In this paper, we proposed a new iterative detection and decoding algorithm, which is a successive interference cancellation (SIC) iterative processing based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection and channel decoding algorithm. It is essentially a SIC iterative processing based on some users' information has been correctly decoded by the MMSE detection and the channel decoder. The proposed multiuser detection algorithm can prevent the error propagation by the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can get significant performance gains over traditional multiuser detection algorithms.
Structural design toward functional materials by electrospinning: A review (2020)

Abstract Electrospinning as one of the most versatile technologies have attracted a lot of scientists’ interests in past decades due to its great diversity of fabricating nanofibers featuring high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, flexibility, structural abundance, and surface functionality. Remarkable progress has been made in terms of the versatile structures of electrospun fibers and great functionalities to enable a broad spectrum of applications. In this article, the electrospun fibers with different structures and their applications are reviewed. First, several kinds of electrospun fibers with different structures are presented. Then the applications of various structural electrospun fibers in different fields, including catalysis, drug release, batteries, and supercapacitors, are reviewed. Finally, the application prospect and main challenges of electrospun fibers are discussed. We hope that this review will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the structural design and applications of electrospun fibers in different fields.
Relationship between trace elements, sugar consumption, and taste in Crohn's disease. (1983)

Seventy patients with Crohn's disease, 50 with ulcerative colitis, and 58 control subjects were questioned about their sugar consumption, measurements were made of their taste acuity, and blood levels of various trace elements including zinc and selenium were estimated. Sugar consumption was significantly increased in Crohn's disease (p less than 0.01). There was only a minor reduction in taste acuity for acid taste in Crohn's disease. Plasma zinc and whole blood selenium were reduced in Crohn's disease. No relationship was found between sugar consumption, plasma zinc, and taste acuity in Crohn's disease.