gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal Surface-Enhanced Raman Tags: Individual Nanorods for Measurements from the Visible to the Infrared (514–1064 nm) (2014)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising imaging modality for use in a variety of multiplexed tracking and sensing applications in biological environments. However, the uniform production of SERS nanoparticle tags with high yield and brightness still remains a significant challenge. Here, we describe an approach based on the controlled coadsorption of multiple dye species onto gold nanorods to create tags that can be detected across a much wider range of excitation wavelengths (514-1064 nm) compared to conventional approaches that typically focus on a single wavelength. This was achieved without the added complexity of nanoparticle aggregation or growing surrounding metallic shells to further enhance the surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) signal. Correlated Raman and scanning electron microscopy mapping measurements of individual tags were used to clearly demonstrate that strong and reproducible SERRS signals at high particle yields (>92%) were readily achievable. The polyelectrolyte-wrapped nanorod-dye conjugates were also found to be highly stable as well as noncytotoxic. To demonstrate the use of these universal tags for the multimodal optical imaging of biological specimens, confocal Raman and fluorescence maps of stained immune cells following nanoparticle uptake were acquired at several excitation wavelengths and compared with dark-field images. The ability to colocalize and track individual optically encoded nanoparticles across a wide range of wavelengths simultaneously will enable the use of SERS alongside other imaging techniques for the real-time monitoring of cell-nanoparticle interactions.
<i>Candida albicans</i> binds human plasminogen: identification of eight plasminogen‐binding proteins (2003)

Several microbial pathogens augment their invasive potential by binding and activating human plasminogen to generate the proteolytic enzyme plasmin. Yeast cells and cell wall proteins (CWP) of the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans bound plasminogen with a K(d) of 70 +/- 11 nM and 112 +/- 20 nM respectively. Bound plasminogen could be activated to plasmin by mammalian plasminogen activators; no C. albicans plasminogen activator was detected. Binding of plasminogen to CWP and whole cells was inhibited by epsilon ACA, indicating that binding was predominantly to lysine residues. Candida albicans mutant strains defective in protein glycosylation did not show altered plasminogen binding, suggesting that binding was not mediated via a surface lectin. Binding was sensitive to digestion by basic carboxypeptidase, implicating C-terminal lysine residues in binding. Proteomic analysis identified eight major plasminogen-binding proteins in isolated CWP. Five of these (phosphoglycerate mutase, alcohol dehydrogenase, thioredoxin peroxidase, catalase, transcription elongation factor) had C-terminal lysine residues and three (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase and fructose bisphosphate aldolase) did not. Activation of plasminogen could potentially increase the capacity of this pathogenic fungus for tissue invasion and necrosis. Although surface-bound plasmin(ogen) degraded fibrin, no direct evidence for a role in invasion of endothelial matrix or in penetration and damage of endothelial cells was found.
Sensor Paints (2008)

Abstract Fluorescence microscopy is widely used for chemical imaging of intrinsically fluorescent chemical species, such as chlorophylls, or nonfluorescent species (e.g., DNA) that have been labeled appropriately or to which a relevant molecular probe has been added. However, there are numerous analytes that neither have an intrinsic luminescence nor can be rendered luminescent with the help of labels or probes. Such parameters include oxygen, pH, CO 2 , ammonia, and glucose. There are also numerous applications where the 2D distribution of a chemical or physical parameter is of interest. The use of a “sensor paint” is ideal in such situations. The state of this new technology is discussed herein with emphasis on current and future trends, for example, the use of pressure‐ and temperature‐sensitive paints; known technological limitations are also discussed. These “paints” respond to a (bio)chemical parameter with a change in their optical properties. The object of interest is painted and the color or fluorescence of the paint is monitored by optical imaging. This technique enables monitoring of physical and chemical parameters, over relatively large areas and in real time. magnified image
PCN field test experiments using broadband-CDMA (2003)

The field test experiments performed for Millicom Inc., and LOCATE Inc., by SCS Mobilecom Inc. using the SCS developed broadband-CDMA mobile PCN system, are described. The frequency band selected for this field test was between 1850-1990 MHz, a band in which SCS, Millicom, and LOCATE each hold an experimental license. The purpose of these licenses is to study new PCN and to demonstrate the capability of a broadband-CDMA PCN system to share the spectrum with fixed-service point-to-point microwave systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation and characterization of pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from rat intestinal mucosa. (1984)

Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase was isolated from rat intestinal mucosa and purified with the aid of affinity chromatography. The affinity ligand was poly-gamma-glutamic acid (Mr approximately 12,000) derived from Bacillus subtilis. The specific enzymatic activity was increased 2,000-fold over the 100,000 X g supernatant of the mucosal homogenate with a yield of 20%. Sephadex G-200 gel filtration yielded an estimated molecular mass of 80,000 daltons. The isoelectric point was pH 8.2. The pH optimum in acetate buffer containing 1 mM zinc was 4.5. The KM values for pteroylheptaglutamate and pteroyltriglutamate were 0.21 and 0.67 microM, respectively. Polyanionic compounds, poly-gamma-glutamic acid, dextran sulfate, and heparin were noncompetitive inhibitors. Studies of the time course of hydrolysis of synthetic [3H]pteroylheptaglutamate by three separate techniques demonstrated the appearance of [3H]pteroylmonoglutamate, synchronous with substrate cleavage. Intermediate pteroyloligoglutamates were not detected. An endopeptidase-like mode of hydrolysis was further established by identification of a hexaglutamyl peptide as the other reaction product.
Comparative Study of the Performance of Nine Filters Utilized in Filtration of Aerosols by Bubbling (2001)

A new process of air purification has been developed and studied experimentally (Agranovski et al. 1999). This process is based on passing air through a filter immersed in liquid. It leads to the formation of bubbles within the filter as the carrier gas passes through and thus provides alternate mechanisms for the removal of aerosols. It was identified (Agranovski et al. 1999) that for relatively large particles (0.3-2.7 w m) the efficiency of the filter utilized in wet filtration is higher than for dry filtration. In the current paper, experiments are described that investigate the performance of the technology for particles in the size range of 0.03 to 2.7 w m, to identify the importance of an alternative mechanism of purification (diffusion). Also, 9 different filters were employed to compare the efficiencies of the wet and dry filtration for different applications of the technology.
Classification of Time-Sequential Attributes by Using Sequential Pattern Rules (2007)

Classification is an important method for predicting class labels of samples. Although attribute-values in many real-life applications may change over time, existing classification research usually assumes that attribute-values are static. In this paper, we extend the traditional classification problem to deal with time-sequential attributes whose values may change over time. Accordingly, an algorithm called MultipleMIS-SP is presented to generate all classification rules for the classifier generation. Two scoring functions are proposed to predict class labels using our classifier. Detailed experiments are also presented. The results show that the accuracy of MultipleMIS-SP is greater than the traditional classification technique C4.5 algorithm in both the synthetic datasets and the real dataset.
Generation and partial characterization of five monoclonal antibodies with high affinities for fibrin (1993)

Five fibrin-specific monoclonal antibodies have been generated using three different immunogens and a unique clot/plasma screening procedure. Two of the mAbs are directed to an epitope(s) on the A alpha-chain of fibrinogen while two others seem to react with a distinct B beta-chain epitope(s). A third antibody seems to displace all the mAbs from fibrin and may be directed to a repeating structural domain in the fibrin. The Kd values obtained (approximately 10(-9)M) using dried fibrin clots suggest high avidity for fibrin. All the mAbs cross-react with the fibrin-like X-oligomer structure in solution but in the presence of fibrin this reaction seems irrelevant due to the low Kd of the mAb/fibrin reaction. These mAbs have been examined for uptake by fibrin in a laboratory circulation circuit and while the uptake was dependent on mAb concentration an increase was noted for most concentrations over the first 2 h of circulation in the presence of plasma.
Real time illumination invariant motion change detection (2010)

An original approach for real time detection of changes in motion is presented, which can lead to the detection and recognition of events. Current video change detection focuses on shot changes which depend on appearance, not motion. Changes in motion are detected in pixels that are found to be active via the kurtosis. Statistical modeling of the motion data shows that the Laplace distribution provides the most accurate fit. The Laplace model of the motion is used in a sequential change detection test, which detects the changes in real time. False alarm detection determined whether a detected change is indeed induced by motion or by varying scene illumination. This leads to precise detection of changes in motion for many videos, where shot change detection if shown to fail. Experiments show that the proposed method finds meaningful changes in real time, even under conditions of varying scene illumination.
Comparison of Different <i>In Vivo</i> Incubation Sites to Produce Tissue-Engineered Small Intestine (2018)

Wrapping of seeded scaffolds in vascularized membranes produced the largest quantity and highest quality of TESI. Attaching seeded scaffolds to the abdominal wall produced an intermediate quantity of TESI, but the quality was still comparable to TESI produced in vascularized membranes. Insertion of seeded scaffolds into the subcutaneous space produced the smallest quantity and lowest quality of TESI. In summary, wrapping seeded scaffolds with vascularized membranes is favorable for the production of TESI, and wrapping with omentum may produce TESI that is most easily anastomosed with host intestine.
Abstract 12118: Regenerative Potential Of P53 Silenced Human Endothelial Progenitor Stem Cells (hEPCs) In Diabetes (2010)

Literature shows that peripheral blood derived EPCs can be matured to adult EC, however senescence of EPCs in high glucose (HG) is also known to occur, which may reduce the number of EPCs leading t...
Astrocytic <scp>F</scp>as ligand expression is required to induce <scp>T</scp>‐cell apoptosis and recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2012)

In T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases of the CNS, apoptosis of Fas(+) T cells by FasL contributes to resolution of disease. However, the apoptosis-inducing cell population still remains to be identified. To address the role of astrocytic FasL in the regulation of T-cell apoptosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we immunized C57BL/6 glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-Cre FasL(fl/fl) mice selectively lacking FasL in astrocytes with MOG(35-55) peptide. GFAP-Cre FasL(fl/fl) mice were unable to resolve EAE and suffered from persisting demyelination and paralysis, while FasL(fl/fl) control mice recovered. In contrast to FasL(fl/fl) mice, GFAP-Cre FasL(fl/fl) mice failed to induce apoptosis of Fas(+) activated CD4(+) T cells and to increase numbers of Foxp3(+) Treg cells beyond day 15 post immunization, the time point of maximal clinical disease in control mice. The persistence of activated and GM-CSF-producing CD4(+) T cells in GFAP-Cre FasL(fl/fl) mice also resulted in an increased IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF, and GM-CSF mRNA expression in the CNS. In vitro, FasL(+) but not FasL(-) astrocytes induced caspase-3 expression and apoptosis of activated T cells. In conclusion, FasL expression of astrocytes plays an important role in the control and elimination of autoimmune T cells from the CNS, thereby determining recovery from EAE.
Preparation and ligand-exchange reactions of phosphinegold ethynyl complexes (1986)

Phosphinegold chlorides, [AuCIL], react readily with terminal alkynes RCCH in ethanolic sodium ethoxide to produce high yields of ethynyl complexes [Au(CCR) L][L = PPh3; R = Me, Et, Ph, or CF3: L = P(C6H4Me-p)3, R = Ph]. When R = H a second reaction leads to formation of [LAuCCAuL][L = PPh3, P(C6H4Me-p)3, or P(C6H4OMe-p)3]. In a similar manner, the cyclopentadienyl complex [Au(C5H5)(PPh3)] can conveniently be made from [AuCl(PPh3)], Na(OEt), and C5H6. The phosphine of [Au(CCPh)L] rapidly exchanges in solution with free phosphines. The compounds [Au(CCPh)(PPh3)] and [AuCl{P(C6H4Me-p)3}] readily equilibrate with [AuCl(PPh3)] and [Au(CCPh){P(C6H4Me-p)3}], a reaction which could also involve exchange of phosphines, but the exchange of Cl for CCPh is another possible pathway. Phenylethynyl groups from [Au(CCPh)(PPh3)] exchange with both chlorides of HgCl2, cis-[PtCl2(PMePh2)2], and cis-[PtCl2(CO)(PMePh2)]. With the latter complex the exchange is non-stereospecific, unlike related reactions with organomercurials.
Simultaneous determination of hemoglobin derivatives, oxygen content, oxygen capacity, and oxygen saturation in 10 microliters of whole blood. (1977)

We describe a new method for simultaneous determination of four hemoglobin derivatives (deoxyhemoglobin, Hb; oxyhemoglobin, HbO2; methemoglobin, Hb+; and carbon monoxide hemoglobin, HbCO) and total oxygen content in 10 microliters of whole blood. Percentage HbO2, HbCO, Hb+, total hemoglobin (Hbt), and oxygen capacity can also be obtained from the experimental data by simple calculations. Total analysis time is 1 min. Blood is diluted 100-fold with a buffer contained in a quasi-anaerobic cuvette, where simultaneous measurements of oxygen pressure (by a po2 electrode) and adsorbance (at 497, 565, and 620 nm) are made. The decrease of oxygen pressure, as recorded by the oxygen electrode, is proportional to the amount of deoxyhemoglobin. The concentrations of HbO2, HbCO, and Hb+ can be obtained from absorbance measurements at the specified wavelengths. The new method eliminates the use of short-path optical cells and, due to the low sample volume requirement, makes possible the automated measurement of hemoglobin derivatives and oxygen saturation in arterialized capillary blood.
SAS-Assisted Coexistence-Aware Dynamic Channel Assignment in CBRS Band (2018)

The paradigm of shared spectrum allows secondary devices to opportunistically access spectrum bands underutilized by primary owners. Recently, the FCC has targeted the sharing of the 3.5 GHz (3550-3700 MHz) federal spectrum with commercial systems such as small cells. The rules require a Spectrum Access System (SAS) to accommodate three service tiers: 1) Incumbent Access, 2) Priority Access (PA), and 3) Generalized Authorized Access (GAA). In this work, we study the SAS-assisted dynamic channel assignment (CA) for PA and GAA tiers.We introduce the node-channel-pair conflict graph to capture pairwise interference, channel and geographic contiguity constraints, spatially varying channel availability, and coexistence awareness. The proposed conflict graph allows us to formulate PA CA and GAA CA with binary conflicts as max-cardinality and max-reward CA, respectively. Approximate solutions can be found by a heuristic-based algorithm that search for the maximum weighted independent set. We further formulate GAA CA with non-binary conflicts as max-utility CA. We show that the utility function is submodular, and the problem is an instance of matroid-constrained submodular maximization. A polynomial-time algorithm based on local search is proposed that provides a provable performance guarantee. Extensive simulations using a real-world Wi-Fi hotspot location dataset are conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithms. Our results have demonstrated the advantages of the proposed graph representation and improved performance of the proposed algorithms over the baseline algorithms.
VPS35-deficiency results in an impaired AMPA receptor trafficking and decreased dendritic spine maturation (2015)

These results provide evidence for VPS35's function in promoting spine maturation, which is likely through increasing AMPA receptor targeting to the postsynaptic membrane. Perturbation of such a VPS35/retromer function may contribute to the impaired glutamatergic transmission and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD and PD.
Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants (2005)

Photovoltaic (pv) devices are encapsulated in polymeric materials not only for corrosion protection, but also for mechanical support. Even though ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) suffers from having both glass and melting phase transitions at temperatures experienced under environmental exposure, its low cost and good optical transmission made EVA the most commonly used material for PV modules. These transitions, however, cause EVA to embrittle at low temperatures (~ -15 deg C) and to be very soft at high temperatures (>40 deg C). From mechanical considerations, one would prefer a material that was relatively unchanged under a wide temperature range. This would produce a more predictable and reliable package. These concerns are likely to become more important as silicon based cells are made thinner.
Digoxin Plus Trametinib Therapy Achieves Disease Control in BRAF Wild-Type Metastatic Melanoma Patients (2017)

Digoxin plus trametinib is well tolerated and achieves a high rate of disease control in BRAF wild-type metastatic melanoma patients.
Treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. (1993)

The nausea and vomiting that often accompany early pregnancy may be ameliorated if the patient eats small portions of food at frequent intervals, increases the amount of carbohydrates and decreases the amount of fat, and avoids bothersome food odors. When these strategies fail, antiemetic drugs such as pyridoxine and phosphorated carbohydrate solution may help, as well as doxylamine, promethazine or trimethobenzamide. When drugs are considered for use in pregnant patients, the safety of the patient and the fetus must always come first.
10–30 GHz monolithic GaAs travelling-wave divider/combiner (1985)

A four-way monolithic GaAs travelling-wave power divider/combiner has been designed, fabricated and evaluated. With a design centre frequency of 20 GHz, a bandwidth of from 10 GHz to 30 GHz has been measured. The insertion loss per dividing or combining action is less than 0.5 dB, with isolation between ports no worse than 20 dB. The input/output VSWRs are better than 2:1 across the same band. This divider/combiner can readily be used with monolithic GaAs power FET amplifiers to produce a several-fold increase in output powers over the 10 to 30 GHz frequency range.
Mutations in mouse <i>Aspm</i> (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) cause not only microcephaly but also major defects in the germline (2010)

Mutations in ASPM (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) cause primary microcephaly in humans, a disorder characterized by a major reduction in brain size in the apparent absence of nonneurological anomalies. The function of the Aspm protein in neural progenitor cell expansion, as well as its localization to the mitotic spindle and midbody, suggest that it regulates brain development by a cell division-related mechanism. Furthermore, evidence that positive selection affected ASPM during primate evolution has led to suggestions that such a function changed during primate evolution. Here, we report that in Aspm mutant mice, truncated Aspm proteins similar to those causing microcephaly in humans fail to localize to the midbody during M-phase and cause mild microcephaly. A human ASPM transgene rescues this phenotype but, interestingly, does not cause a gain of function. Strikingly, truncated Aspm proteins also cause a massive loss of germ cells, resulting in a severe reduction in testis and ovary size accompanied by reduced fertility. These germline effects, too, are fully rescued by the human ASPM transgene, indicating that ASPM is functionally similar in mice and humans. Our findings broaden the spectrum of phenotypic effects of ASPM mutations and raise the possibility that positive selection of ASPM during primate evolution reflects its function in the germline.
Network degradation accompanying the vulcanization of natural rubber with a sulfur–diphenylguanidine system (1964)

Abstract Sol fraction and swelling values have been determined for a series of natural rubber–sulfur–diphenylguanidine vulcanizates. These data have been analyzed in terms of the Charlesby and Pinner gel network formation theory with a view to estimating the amount of permanent molecular chain scission accompanying the vulcanization. It is concluded that negligible chain scission occurs before the point of modulus reversion of these curves. In the region of cure reversion, permanent molecular chain scission does occur to a small extent. The principal factor responsible for cure reversion in this vulcanizate is crosslink scission. Chain scission is responsible for only about 3–8% of the observed cure reversion.
Agonist−Antagonist Dilemma in Molecular Imaging: Evaluation of a Monomolecular Multimodal Imaging Agent for the Somatostatin Receptor (2007)

The combination of different imaging modalities, each providing information according to its strengths, can be a powerful method for diagnosing diseases. We have synthesized a monomolecular multimodal imaging agent (MOMIA), LS172, containing a subtype-2 somatostatin receptor (SSTr2)-avid peptide (Y3-octreotate or Y3-TATE), a radiometal chelating group (DOTA) and a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye (cypate). In addition to optical methods, radiolabeling LS172 with 64Cu and 177Lu provides a strategy for in vitro evaluation or in vivo multimodal imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), respectively. Determination of the binding affinity of LS172, nat Cu- and nat Lu-LS172 in SSTr2-transfected A427 cells (A427-7) showed that they all displayed high binding affinity toward SSTr2 with K i values of 0.234 nM, 11.5 nM, and 2.15 nM respectively. In contrast to cypate-labeled Y3-TATE (cytate), fluorescence microscopy showed that LS172 and nat Cu-LS172 accumulate modestly in A427-7 cells by SSTr2-mediated endocytosis, in spite of their relatively high binding affinity. In vivo, the biodistribution of the SSTr2 receptor specific 64Cu- and 177Lu-LS172 in AR42J tumor-bearing rats exhibited low (<or=1% ID/g) accumulation in tumor tissue. Clearance from circulation was predominantly hepatobiliary (>90% ID/liver). Both optical and radionuclear biodistribution studies showed a similar in vivo distribution profile. Surprisingly, the strong binding of LS172 to SSTr2 did not translate into high SSTr2-mediated endocytosis in cells or uptake in tumor in vivo. Considering that LS172 is a putative antagonist, the poor accumulation of the labeled MOMIAs in SSTr2 positive tumor tissue supports the paradigm that agonists with their concomitant internalization favors appreciable target tissue accumulation of receptor-specific ligands.