gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad Blockade Antibody Responses in Human Volunteers after Immunization with a Multivalent Norovirus VLP Candidate Vaccine: Immunological Analyses from a Phase I Clinical Trial (2015)

<div><p>Background</p><p>Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis and are characterized by antigenic variation between genogroups and genotypes and antigenic drift of strains within the predominant GII.4 genotype. In the context of this diversity, an effective NoV vaccine must elicit broadly protective immunity. We used an antibody (Ab) binding blockade assay to measure the potential cross-strain protection provided by a multivalent NoV virus-like particle (VLP) candidate vaccine in human volunteers.</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>Sera from ten human volunteers immunized with a multivalent NoV VLP vaccine (genotypes GI.1/GII.4) were analyzed for IgG and Ab blockade of VLP interaction with carbohydrate ligand, a potential correlate of protective immunity to NoV infection and illness. Immunization resulted in rapid rises in IgG and blockade Ab titers against both vaccine components and additional VLPs representing diverse strains and genotypes not represented in the vaccine. Importantly, vaccination induced blockade Ab to two novel GII.4 strains not in circulation at the time of vaccination or sample collection. GII.4 cross-reactive blockade Ab titers were more potent than responses against non-GII.4 VLPs, suggesting that previous exposure history to this dominant circulating genotype may impact the vaccine Ab response. Further, antigenic cartography indicated that vaccination preferentially activated preexisting Ab responses to epitopes associated with GII.4.1997. Study interpretations may be limited by the relevance of the surrogate neutralization assay and the number of immunized participants evaluated.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Vaccination with a multivalent NoV VLP vaccine induces a broadly blocking Ab response to multiple epitopes within vaccine and non-vaccine NoV strains and to novel antigenic variants not yet circulating at the time of vaccination. These data reveal new information about complex NoV immune responses to both natural exposure and to vaccination, and support the potential feasibility of an efficacious multivalent NoV VLP vaccine for future use in human populations.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01168401" target="_blank">NCT01168401</a></p></div>
Physiologically realistic LV models to produce normal and pathological image and phantom data (2005)

The cardiac model of the 4D NCAT phantom was enhanced by incorporating a physiological basis from which to realistically model left ventricular (LV) motion defects. A finite element mechanical model of the LV was developed to simulate deficits in contractile function and to study the effect of ischemia on LV function. The model geometry was based on high resolution CT and MRI data sets of a healthy male subject. The myocardial wall was represented as a transversely isotropic material with the fiber angle varying from -90 degrees at the epicardial surface, through 0 degrees at the mid-wall, to 90 degrees at the endocardial surface. An elastance active contraction model was used to provide fiber contraction. Physiological intraventricular systolic pressure-time curves were used to load the ventricle. These features were incorporated into the 4D NCAT cardiac model through the control points, which are set to move according to the principles that govern the mechanical model. A normal model and two pathologic models were created in order to study the effects of ischemia on cardiac function. In the first pathologic model, a sub-endocardial anterior ischemic region was defined and an NCAT image data set was subsequently produced. A second ischemic model was created with a transmural ischemic region defined in the same location as the sub-endocardial ischemia model. These models were able to demonstrate differences in contractile function between subendocardial and transmural infarcts and how these differences in function are documented in the SPECT images that were produced by the NCAT phantom. As demonstrated in this study the 4D NCAT cardiac model provides a valuable tool for the evaluation of imaging methods that assess cardiac function through measurements of myocardial deformation
The Association of Ferrocyanide Ions with Various Cations. (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Association of Ferrocyanide Ions with Various Cations.Stephen R. Cohen and Robert A. PlaneCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 8, 1096–1100Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150554a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j150554a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Functional and structural studies on a tryptic fragment of eucaryotic elongation factor Tu from rabbit reticulocytes (1981)

Treatment of eucaryotic elongation factor Tu (eEF-Tu; Mr 53 000) with trypsin results in cleavage of the factor at at least two sites, one and probably both of which are located near the amino-terminal end of the polypeptide chain. The products after exposure of eEF-Tu to trypsin for 2 h is a single polypeptide of 43 000 daltons (eEF-Tut) and as yet unidentified polypeptides of Mr less than or equal to 5000. The presence of high glycerol concentrations of GDP in the reaction mixture markedly retards the rate of tryptic cleavage, while GTP has little effect. When eEF-Tu is bound to eucaryotic elongation factor Ts in an eEF-T complex, it is much more resistant to the action of trypsin. The loss of factor activity during tryptic digestion (as measured by its ability to bind aminoacyl-tRNA to 80S (ribosomes) is much slower than the rate of eEF-Tut formation, and 2-h digests containing only eEF-Tut are about 30% as active as the native enzyme. However, no ribosome-dependent activity is detectable after purification of eEF-Tut by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by gel filtration. Purified eEF-Tut binds guanine nucleotides, although with diminished activity compared with that of eEF-Tu. Amino-terminal sequence analyses of eEF-Tut reveal a striking sequence homology with the functionally related factor from Escherichia coli (EF-Tu). The first four residues of eEF-Tut, Gly-Ile-Thr-Ile, are identical with the first four residues of a 37 000-dalton tryptic fragment of E. coli EF-Tu, and other homologies are evident in the first twelve amino-terminal residues of the corresponding tryptic fragments.
Eingeschränkte Souveränität (1961)

Die Konstitutionelle Monarchie kannte in ihren Anfängen eine Opposition, aber keine Parteien im eigentlichen Sinn. Im württembergischen Landtag gab es wie in der Paulskirche Klubs, in denen sich die Gesinnungsfreunde vereinigten. ›Reinsburgklub‹, so genannt nach einer in der Reinsburgstraße in Stuttgart gelegenen Gaststätte, hieß der Treffpunkt der Stuttgarter Kammeropposition. Er umfaßte die liberalen Abgeordneten des Landtags, es waren ihrer etwa vierzig. Ihnen gegenüber standen dreiundzwanzig Privilegierte. Der Rest waren Kammermitglieder, auf deren Unterstützung die Regierung rechnen konnte. Der Reinsburgklub war in Württemberg der Beginn der Parteienbildung, wie sie in der zweiten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts überall vor sich ging. Die Demokratie ging vom Südwesten Deutschlands, der Konservatismus von Ostelbien aus. Die katholische Partei, das Zentrum, erwuchs auf bayrischem und rheinischem Boden; das liberale Großbürgertum fand sich zuerst in den Städten des Nieder- und Mittelrheins zusammen. Es zeigte sich, daß unter dem Zeichen des Liberalismus recht verschiedene weltanschauliche und politische Strömungen zusammengetroffen waren, die bald zur völligen Trennung führten.
Employee Crime and the Monitoring Puzzle (1989)

The simplest economic theories of crime predict that profit-maximizing firms should follow strategies of minimal monitoring with large penalties for employee crime. We investigate possible reasons why firms actually spend considerable resources trying to detect employee malfeasance. We find that the most plausible explanations for firms' large outlays on monitoring of employees-legal restrictions on penalty clauses in contracts and the adverse impact of harsh punishment schemes on worker morale-are also consistent with the payment of premium (rent-generating) wages by cost-minimizing firms.
Using RTL-to-C++ translation for large SoC concurrent engineering: a case study (2003)

RTL-to-C translation can be used to help verify the design of complex SoCs by letting generated models run production code at high speed. The authors describe the technique used to replace hardware emulation during the development of a 5 million gate device for the DSL market.
Test cassette for measuring peak tube potential of diagnostic x-ray machines (1976)

A test cassette employing a modification of the Ardran-Crooks attenuation technique for measuring peak tube potential (and half-value layer) is described. The technique employs a radiographic intensifying screen which is exposed to a hardened x-ray beam. Copper penetrameters are used to determine the attenuator thickness which reduces the light output from the screen to that transmitted by an optical attenuator over an adjacent area of the screen. The test cassette was calibrated by using x-ray machines whose high voltages were measured electrically. The test cassette has a measurement precision of +/- 1 kVp and an accuracy of +/- 3 kVp or better in the range 50-130 kVp for x-ray generators with the same voltage waveform.
Nonlinear optics of normal-mode-coupling semiconductor microcavities (1999)

The authors review the nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor quantum wells that are grown inside high-Q Bragg-mirror microcavities. Light-matter coupling in this system is particularly pronounced, leading in the linear regime to a polaritonic mixing of the excitonic quantum well resonance and the single longitudinal cavity mode. The resulting normal-mode splitting of the optical resonance is observed in reflection, transmission, and luminescence experiments. In the nonlinear regime the strong light-matter coupling influences the excitation-dependent bleaching of the normal-mode resonances for nonresonant excitation, leads to transient saturation and normal-mode oscillations for resonant pulsed excitation and is responsible for the density-dependent signatures in the luminescence characteristics. These and many more experimental observations are summarized and explained in this review using a microscopic theory for the Coulomb interacting electron-hole system in the quantum well that is nonperturbatively coupled to the cavity light field.
Heterochromatin is refractory to γ-H2AX modification in yeast and mammals (2007)

Double-strand break (DSB) damage in yeast and mammalian cells induces the rapid ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated)/ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related)-dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX). In budding yeast, a single endonuclease-induced DSB triggers gamma-H2AX modification of 50 kb on either side of the DSB. The extent of gamma-H2AX spreading does not depend on the chromosomal sequences. DNA resection after DSB formation causes the slow, progressive loss of gamma-H2AX from single-stranded DNA and, after several hours, the Mec1 (ATR)-dependent spreading of gamma-H2AX to more distant regions. Heterochromatic sequences are only weakly modified upon insertion of a 3-kb silent HMR locus into a gamma-H2AX-covered region. The presence of heterochromatin does not stop the phosphorylation of chromatin more distant from the DSB. In mouse embryo fibroblasts, gamma-H2AX distribution shows that gamma-H2AX foci increase in size as chromatin becomes more accessible. In yeast, we see a high level of constitutive gamma-H2AX in telomere regions in the absence of any exogenous DNA damage, suggesting that yeast chromosome ends are transiently detected as DSBs.
Leakage-and crosstalk-aware bus encoding for total power reduction (2004)

Power consumption, particularly runtime leakage, in long on-chip buses has grown to an unacceptable portion of the total power budget due to heavy buffer insertion to combat RC delays. In this paper, we propose a new bus encoding algorithm and circuit scheme for on-chip buses that eliminates capacitive crosstalk while simultaneously reducing total power. We introduce a new buffer design approach with selective use of high threshold voltage transistors and couple this buffer design with a novel bus encoding scheme. The proposed encoding scheme significantly reduces total power by 26% and runtime leakage power by 42% while also eliminating capacitive crosstalk. In addition, the proposed encoding is specifically optimized to reduce the complexity of the encoding logic, allowing for a significant reduction in overhead which has not been considered in previous bus encoding work.
The genome sequence of the probiotic intestinal bacterium <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i> NCC 533 (2004)

Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 is a member of the acidophilus group of intestinal lactobacilli that has been extensively studied for their "probiotic" activities that include, pathogen inhibition, epithelial cell attachment, and immunomodulation. To gain insight into its physiology and identify genes potentially involved in interactions with the host, we sequenced and analyzed the 1.99-Mb genome of L. johnsonii NCC 533. Strikingly, the organism completely lacked genes encoding biosynthetic pathways for amino acids, purine nucleotides, and most cofactors. In apparent compensation, a remarkable number of uncommon and often duplicated amino acid permeases, peptidases, and phosphotransferase-type transporters were discovered, suggesting a strong dependency of NCC 533 on the host or other intestinal microbes to provide simple monomeric nutrients. Genome analysis also predicted an abundance (>12) of large and unusual cell-surface proteins, including fimbrial subunits, which may be involved in adhesion to glycoproteins or other components of mucin, a characteristic expected to affect persistence in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Three bile salt hydrolases and two bile acid transporters, proteins apparently critical for GIT survival, were also detected. In silico genome comparisons with the >95% complete genome sequence of the closely related Lactobacillus gasseri revealed extensive synteny punctuated by clear-cut insertions or deletions of single genes or operons. Many of these regions of difference appear to encode metabolic or structural components that could affect the organisms competitiveness or interactions with the GIT ecosystem.
Demonstration of the benefits of SOI for high temperature operation (2003)

Summary form only given. To evaluate the performance of SOI circuits at high temperatures, CMOS 4K SRAMs were fabricated on SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) and bulk starting material. Four varieties were included in this study: bulk (5 mu m epi on n/sup +/), and SIMOX/SOI with three silicon-layer thicknesses (0.5 mu m, 0.75 mu m, and 1.0 mu m). This combination allows the assessment of three device structures: standard bulk devices, standard SOI devices (S/D contacting the buried oxide), and semi-bulk SOI devices which operate like bulk devices but are dielectrically isolated. All the SOI SRAMs were functional to the maximum temperature available, 300 degrees C. The bulk circuits also functioned at elevated temperatures, but lost functionality between 250 degrees C and 275 degrees C due to the rapidly increasing leakage current associated with the well junction. The synchronous access time increased approximately linearly with temperature for all devices, and was nearly twice the measured room-temperature value at 300 degrees C. Leakage current increased strongly with temperature for all devices, with the thin SOI devices having the least static current at the highest temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ROADMS Unlock the Edge of the Network (2008)

Since their introduction in 2003, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers have brought new flexibility and scalability to what was once a static optical telecommunications network. In five short years, ROADMs have become a mainstream requirement in core networks, and are an essential feature in metro DWDM deployments. As the demand for bandwidth and flexibility overwhelm the edge of the network, carriers are deploying ROADM-equipped nodes that are well suited for ring topologies. This is no easy task as new nodes must accommodate 40 and 100 Gb/s channel capacities, be economically viable, and be frugal in both power consumption and footprint. ROADM vendors have made great strides recently and are now able to take the ROADMs closer to end users with high-bandwidth applications.
Tension wrinkling and the fluting of light-weight coated papers in web-offset printing (1993)

Il s'est avere que l'ondulation des papiers couches legers durant l'impression offset est le resultat de faux-plis sous l'effet des tensions qui se forment dans le sechoir, ces faux-plis etant retenus par l'encre et le couchage. On a reproduit les mecanismes de formation des faux-plis sous tension dans une bande de papier plate et orthotrope, et on a procede a des experiences qui confirment qualitativement la relation de Sheldon entre la longueur d'onde du faux-pli, la tension, la portee et la rigidite sous flexion. Pour modeliser les conditions dans le sechoir offset, on a applique la theorie de la formation des faux-plis aux coques plates de forme sinusoidale...
Visually evoked activity in cortical cells imaged in freely moving animals (2009)

We describe a miniaturized head-mounted multiphoton microscope and its use for recording Ca(2+) transients from the somata of layer 2/3 neurons in the visual cortex of awake, freely moving rats. Images contained up to 20 neurons and were stable enough to record continuously for >5 min per trial and 20 trials per imaging session, even as the animal was running at velocities of up to 0.6 m/s. Neuronal Ca(2+) transients were readily detected, and responses to various static visual stimuli were observed during free movement on a running track. Neuronal activity was sparse and increased when the animal swept its gaze across a visual stimulus. Neurons showing preferential activation by specific stimuli were observed in freely moving animals. These results demonstrate that the multiphoton fiberscope is suitable for functional imaging in awake and freely moving animals.
Type IV collagenase/gelatinase (MMP-2) is not increased in plasma of patients with cancer. (1993)

We have developed a sensitive and specific sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase [matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2)] in human plasma. As a result of the linkage between MMP-2 production by cancer cells and the metastatic phenotype, we undertook this study to compare plasma MMP-2 levels in healthy individuals, patients with various types of cancer, and hospitalized patients with chronic diseases other than cancer. The results demonstrate that MMP-2 levels are not increased in cancer patients regardless of the extent of disseminated malignancy. In an effort to explain this data, we compared MMP-2 secretion by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and lung cancer cells passaged as cell lines. Endothelial cells secreted higher levels of MMP-2 than did lung cancer cells propagated in vitro. We propose that blood vessel lining cells make a sizable contribution to plasma levels of MMP-2 and may thereby obfuscate the detection of increased levels of MMP-2 originating from extravascular sources such as solid tumors.
Contribution of Microglia‐Mediated Neuroinflammation to Retinal Degenerative Diseases (2015)

Retinal degenerative diseases are major causes of vision loss and blindness worldwide and are characterized by chronic and progressive neuronal loss. One common feature of retinal degenerative diseases and brain neurodegenerative diseases is chronic neuroinflammation. There is growing evidence that retinal microglia, as in the brain, become activated in the course of retinal degenerative diseases, having a pivotal role in the initiation and propagation of the neurodegenerative process. A better understanding of the events elicited and mediated by retinal microglia will contribute to the clarification of disease etiology and might open new avenues for potential therapeutic interventions. This review aims at giving an overview of the roles of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in major retinal degenerative diseases like glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assays (<scp>ELISA</scp>) (1991)

This unit describes six different ELISA systems for the detection of specific antibodies, soluble antigens, or cell-surface antigens. In all six systems, soluble reactants are removed from solution after specifically binding to solid-phase reactants. In the first four protocols, solid-phase reactants are prepared by adsorbing an antigen or antibody onto plastic microtiter plates; in the next two protocols, the solid-phase reactants are cell-associated molecules. In all protocols, the solid-phase reagents are incubated with secondary or tertiary reactants covalently coupled to an enzyme. Unbound conjugates are washed out and a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate is added. As the substrate is hydrolyzed by the bound enzyme conjugate, a colored or fluorescent product is generated. Finally, the product is detected visually or with a microtiter plate reader. The amount of product generated is proportional to the amount of analysate in the test mixture. Support protocols are provided for optimizing the different ELISAs and preparing lysates for use as test antigen from bacterial cultures containing expressed protein.
A Microprocessor-Based Motor Speed Regulator Using Fast-Response State Observer for Reduction of Torsional Vibration (1987)

A new state observer, which is suitable for microprocessor-based motor drives, and its application to suppression control of shaft torsional vibration are described. A distinct feature of the state observer is that a fast-response load torque estimation is obtained by processing the detected motor current and the encoder output pulses by a hardware circuit for each encoder pulse generation. Suppression control of the shaft torsional vibration is achieved by calculating a compensation signal from the estimated load torque with the microprocessor software. A microprocessor-based speed regulator for dc motor drives, which utilizes the state observer and suppression control of the shaft torsional vibration, was developed for evaluation purposes and tested with a 15-kW dc motor. The load torque of the motor can be estimated accurately, even with a 15-Hz vibration frequency, and the torsional vibration can be eliminated with the proposed suppression control.