gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Alignment of Aircraft Wing Radiography Images Using a Modified Rotation, Scale, and Translation Invariant Phase Correlation Algorithm Employing Local Entropy for Peak Detection (2008)

Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of aircraft wings using radiography involves the individual acquisition of a large number of radiographic images, each covering a small section of the wing.The ability to automatically generate a wing mosaic from these individual images could be a valuable tool, especially given the large amount of time required to manually align a single wing.A registration algorithm using phase correlation and the Fourier-Mellin transform was adapted.Due to the nature of the images, the peak selection process performed during phase correlation needed to be modified.The local entropy of each point on the correlation surface was calculated, generating a new local entropy surface, where points of high entropy correspond to true peaks in the correlation surface.This method is currently successful in aligning 83% of the wing radiography images into an automatically generated mosaic, up from a 40%-50% success rate using the existing algorithm.iii
Identification and Characterization of Constitutively Active Smad2 Mutants: Evaluation of Formation of Smad Complex and Subcellular Distribution (2000)

Smads mediate activin, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), and bone morphogenetic protein signaling from receptors to nuclei. According to the current model, activated activin/TGFbeta receptors phosphorylate the carboxyl-terminal serines of Smad2 and Smad3 (SSMS-COOH); phosphorylated Smad2/3 oligomerizes with Smad4, translocates to the nucleus, and modulates transcription of defined genes. To test key features of this model in detail, we explored the construction of constitutively active Smad2 mutants. To mimic phosphorylated Smad2, we made two Smad2 mutants with acidic amino acid substitutions of carboxyl-terminal serines: Smad2-2E (Ser465, 467Glu) and Smad2-3E (Ser464, 465, 467Glu). The mutants enhanced basal transcriptional activity in a mink lung epithelial cell line, L17. In a Smad4-deficient cell line, SW480.7, Smad2-2E did not affect basal signaling; however, cotransfection with full-length Smad4, but not transfection of Smad4 alone, resulted in enhanced basal transcriptional activity, suggesting that the constitutively active Smad2 mutant also requires Smad4 for function. In vitro protein interaction analysis revealed that Smad2-2E bound more tightly to Smad4 than did wild-type Smad2; dissociation constants were 270 +/- 66 nM for wild-type Smad2:Smad4 complexes and 79 +/- 18 nM for Smad2-2E:Smad4 complexes. Determination of the subcellular localization of Smad2 revealed that a greater percentage of Smad2-2E was localized in the nucleus than wild-type Smad2. These results suggest that Smad2 phosphorylation results in both tighter binding to Smad4 and increased nuclear concentration; those changes may be responsible for transcriptional activation by Smad2.
Human Tissue Simulants for Study of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (2016)

Blast exposure or head impacts in accidents or contact sports may cause Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), which is one of most crucial and poorly understood areas of research in the 21st century. To date, human tissues especially the skin and brain tissues (white and grey matter especially) are difficult to obtain and work in a lab setting due to ethical and biosafety issues. This has not allowed for much experimental research into the study of the mechanics of brain tissues under impact or dynamic loading, which is the key to TBI investigation. In the current work, tissue surrogates were developed to precisely mimic the linear and non-linear mechanical behavior of the skin, white and grey matter tissues using a low cost, castable (to any shape or size), multi-part silicone based material system. The fabrication methodology involves the iterative mixing of the two or four parts of silicone at certain mix ratios (by weight) to generate a biomechanical behavior similar to the specific tissues at different strain rates. The non-linear stress versus stretch responses of the tissue surrogates were characterized using the Yeohâ€™s hyperelastic constitutive model. Besides TBI studies, these novel tissue surrogates have no biosafety or handling issues, and could be indispensable for replacing cadavers and human tissues for clinical surgical trainings.
Leakage Current Reduction of Poly-Si Thin Film Transistors by Two-Step Annealing (1991)

Leakage currents of polysilicon TFT's (thin film transistors) were reduced significantly by a two-step annealing technique which utilized low-temperature crystallization of amorphous films and a reduction of trap states by a high-temperature process. Two-step annealing formed polysilicon films with larger grains and lower electron spin densities. Trap state densities obtained from TFT on-currents correlated strongly with the leakage currents of the TFT's.
Serum neurofilament light as a biomarker for mild traumatic brain injury in contact sports (2017)

The results from these 2 independent cohort studies suggest that serum NFL is a highly sensitive biomarker for concussion.
<title>Determining watersheds in digital pictures via flooding simulations</title> (1990)

The watershed transformation is a very powerful image analysis tool provided by mathematical morphology. However, most existing watershed algorithms are either too time consuming or insufficiently accurate. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new and flexible implementation of this transformation. It is based on a progressive flooding of the picture and it works for n-dimensional images. Pixels are first sorted in the increasing order of their gray values. Then, the successive gray levels are processed in order to simulate the flooding propagation. A distributive sorting technique combined with breadth-first scannings of each gray level allow an extremely fast computation. Furthermore, the present algorithm is very general since it deals with any kind of digital grid and its extension to general graphs is straightforward. Its interest with respect to image segmentation is illustrated by the extraction of geometrical shapes from a noisy image, the separation of 3-dimensional overlapping particles and by the segmentation of a digital elevation model using watersheds on images and graphs.
Enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli from source water by the defined substrate technology (1990)

Many water utilities are required to monitor source water for the presence of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, or both. The Colilert system, an application of the defined substrate technology, simultaneously detects the presence of both total coliforms and Escherichia coli directly from a water sample. After incubation, the formula becomes yellow if total coliforms are present and fluorescent at 366 nm if E. coli is in the same sample. No confirmatory tests are required. The Colilert system was previously assessed with distribution water in a national evaluation in both most-probably-number and presence-absence formats and found to produce data equivalent to those obtained by using Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Standard Methods). The Colilert system was now compared with Standard Methods multiple-tube fermentation (MTF) for the enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli from surface water. All MTF tubes were confirmed according to Standard Methods, and subcultures were made to identify isolates to the species level. The Colilert system was found equally sensitive to MTF testing by regression, t test, chi-square, and likelihood fraction analyses. Specificity of the Colilert system was shown by the isolation of a species of total coliform or E. coli after the appropriate color change. The Colilert test can be used for source water samples when enumeration is required, and the benefits previously described for distribution water testing--sensitivity, specificity, less labor, lower cost, faster results, no noncoliform heterotroph interference--are applicable to this type of water analysis.
MADS-Box Genes Reach Maturity (2002)

Understanding the molecular pathways that direct fruit ripening will enable development of interventions to preserve fruits during storage and shipping. In a Perspective,
 Causier and colleagues
 discuss new work (
 Vrebalov
 et al .) that takes a step in this direction by revealing that a MADS-box transcription factor is crucial for fruit ripening.
The Art of M&A Integration: A Guide to Merging Resources, Processes and Responsibilities (1997)

This book is your roadmap to success in the world of postmerger integration. Nearly half of today's executives attribute M&A failure to poor integration between merging businesses. This thoroughly revised edition of The Art of M&A Integration provides you with updated facts on integration of compensation plans, new FASB and GAAP accounting rules, strategies for merging IT systems and processes, and more.
Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection (2003)

Despite the recent onset of the SARS epidemic, genetic signatures are emerging that partition the worldwide SARS viral isolates into groups on the basis of contact source history and geography. These signatures can be used to trace sources of infection. In addition, a common variant associated with a non-conservative aminoacid change in the S1 region of the spike protein, suggests that immunological pressures might be starting to influence the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations.
Utility of Casual Postprandial Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Management (2004)

When rapid-turnaround HbA(1c) determinations are not available, a single cPPG level >150 mg/dl may be used during a clinic visit to identify most inadequately controlled patients and allow timely intensification of therapy.
Automatic programming for sequence control (1992)

Industrial plants are controlled using sequence control programs run-ning on programmable controllers. Sequence control program design has been carried out manually, and an increase in applications of pro-grammable controllers has caused a shortage of programmers. There-fore, automatic programming systems are strongly required in this field. Controllers receive operation signals from plant operators and cur-rent plant states through sensors, then select actions that have to be ex-ecuted. Sequence control programs consist of a large amount of con-trol logic (about 100K program steps) for such decisions. The following problems were found in previous manual designs of se-quence control programs: First, control logic is often omitted. Second, programs might include some mutual contradictions. Third, information that is necessary to complete one program step is
Polyisocyanides, synthesis and isomerization to polycyanides (1973)

Abstract Ni(C 2 H 5 OH) ( t ‐C 4 H 9 NC)Cl 2 and nickel acetylacetonate are effective catalysts for the polymerization of isocyanides. Protic solvents and the presence of an acid accelerate the polymerization in case of nickel acetylacetonate. The reaction products are characterized as poly‐Schiff bases. Upon treatment with acid the polymers of primary alkyl isocyanides rearrange to polycyanides.
Detection of Resistances of Different Corn Varieties to Corn Borer (2015)

In order to practice integrated management of corn insect pests effectively,a field experiment was made to study the resistances of 33 corn varieties to corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis)in the corn area to the north of the Huaihe River in Anhui Province.The results showed that there were evident differences in resistances of different corn varieties to corn borer and the resistant levels of the same corn variety to corn borer were also different in the whorl stage and the ear stage.In the whorl stage of corn,eight corn varieties,‘Zhongnongda 311’,‘Zhongke 11’,‘Denghai 3’,‘Dongdan 80’,‘Liyu 16’,‘Zhengdan 23’,‘Jidan8’and‘Huayu 13’preformed relatively stronger resistance to corn borer.In the ear stage of corn,five corn varieties of‘Xundan 20’,‘Qidan 1’,‘Zhongke4’,‘Nongda 108’and‘Ludan 6018’showed relatively stronger resistance to corn borer.The comprehensive resistances of ten corn varieties to corn borer in the whorl stage and the ear stage successively were‘Zhongnongda 311’> ‘Zhongke 4’> ‘Jidan 8’> ‘Zhengdan 23’> ‘Zhengdan 958’> ‘Qidan 1’>‘Zhongdi 985’> ‘Nongda 108’> ‘Liyu 16’> ‘Denghai 3’.
Reactions of Vanillin and its Derived Compounds. I. The Reaction of Vanillin with Silver Oxide<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Vanillin and its Derived Compounds. I. The Reaction of Vanillin with Silver Oxide1Irwin A. PearlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 3, 429–432Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01207a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01207a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1157Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Beam separator for high-order harmonic radiation in the 3-10 nm spectral region (2008)

We present the scheme of a beam separator for ultrashort high-order harmonic radiation below 10 nm. The system consists of a collimating mirror and two plane grazing-incidence gratings in compensated configuration. The first grating acts as the beam separator: it diffracts the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light into the first order while reflecting the fundamental laser beam into the zero order. The diffracted light goes to a second grating that compensates both for the spectral dispersion and for the temporal broadening of the XUV ultrashort pulse caused by the diffraction at the first grating. The system can be designed for any wavelength in the 3-40 nm region. Since the gratings are operated at extreme grazing incidence, the area of the optical surface illuminated by the fundamental laser pulse is large, and therefore there is no risk of damage of the optical surfaces. The effects on the phase of the ultrashort pulse for narrowband applications are discussed.
Confined Surface Plasmons in Gold Photonic Nanocavities (2001)

A simple scheme to produce large-area colored metal surfaces by completely confining surface plasmons inside gold spherical nanocavities has been discovered. The negative nanocavity curvature localizes the electromagnetic fields into small volumes, which can be arranged non-periodically. The Figure shows an image of a graded thickness sample composed of 700 nm diameter nanocavities.
ChemInform Abstract: THE MICHAEL INDUCED RAMBERG‐BACKLUND OLEFIN SYNTHESIS (1978)

Abstract Chlormethylsulfonyl‐ Chlorid (I) reagiert mit Butadien (II) zu einem Gemisch der stereoisomeren Addukte (III), dessen Dehydrochlorierung zu den Dienen (IV) führt.
Direction finding using ESPRIT with interpolated arrays (1991)

The technique of interpolated arrays is applied to ESPRIT-type direction finding methods. The resulting method uses sensor arrays with an arbitrary configuration, thus eliminating the basic restrictive requirement of ESPRIT for two (or more) identical arrays. This approach allows for resolving D+1, while the original ESPRIT method requires at least 2D sensors. Moreover, it is shown that while ESPRIT performs poorly for signals propagating in parallel (or close to parallel) with the array displacement vector, the advocated technique does not exhibit such weakness. Finally, using two subarrays, ESPRIT cannot resolve azimuth and elevation even when the sensors are not collinear. However, the interpolated ESPRIT procedure resolves azimuth and elevation using only a single array. The performance of the original ESPRIT when the sensor locations are perturbed is also discussed and illustrated numerically.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Europium(III) Chloride on the Aggregation Behavior of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (2006)

The effect of EuCl3 on the aggregation processes of sodium dodecyl sulfate was investigated. Electrical conductivity data, combined with Eu(III) luminescence measurements, suggest that the formation of micelles involving EuCl3 and SDS occurs at low SDS concentration; the formation of these mixed aggregates was also monitored by light scattering, which indicates that the addition of EuCl3 to SDS concentration at values below the critical micelle concentration of the pure surfactant results in a much higher light scattering than that found just with SDS micelles. It was also found that the Eu(III)/DS- complexes are formed with a binding ratio which varies between 20 and 4, depending on the initial concentration of Eu(III). As the concentration increases, turbidity occurs initially, but solutions become clear subsequently. In contrast to the behavior of SDS in the presence of aluminum(III), no flocculation was observed. From the analysis of electrical conductivity data and comparison with other systems, it is suggested that growth of aggregates happens, probably with formation of nonspherical systems. At the highest concentrations these may involve just Eu(III) and DS- ions. The effect of temperature on the SDS micellization process was studied. The calculated free energy of SDS micellization is not dependent on the initial EuCl3 but is dependent on the final balance between the presence of counterions in solution (ionic strength) and the temperature.
Comparative activity of the anti-convulsants oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, lamotrigine and gabapentin in a model of neuropathic pain in the rat and guinea-pig (2003)

Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are increasingly used for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Oxcarbazepine is a recently introduced AED that is effective in treating epilepsy and has an improved side-effect profile compared to existing therapies. Here we have examined the effect of oxcarbazepine and other AEDs in a model of neuropathic pain in the rat and guinea-pig. Oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine (3-100 mg x kg(-1)) did not affect mechanical hyperalgesia or tactile allodynia induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation in the rat following oral administration. However, in the same model in the guinea-pig, both drugs produced up to 90% reversal of mechanical hyperalgesia with respective D(50) values of 10.7 and 0.8 mg x kg(-1). The active human metabolite of oxcarbazepine, monohydroxy derivative, was similarly active against mechanical hyperalgesia in the guinea-pig but not the rat. Lamotrigine (3-100 mg x kg(-1), p.o.) was effective against mechanical hyperlagesia in both species although it showed greater efficacy and potency in the guinea-pig (D(50) 4.7 mg x kg(-1)) compared to the rat (D(50) 27 mg kg(-1)). Lamotrigine produced slight inhibition of tactile allodynia in the rat only at the highest dose tested of 100 mg x kg(-1). Gabapentin was poorly active against mechanical hyperalgesia in both the rat and guinea-pig following a single oral administration (100 mg x kg(-1)), although upon repeated administration it produced up to 70 and 90% reversal in rat and guinea-pig, respectively. Gabapentin did however produce significant dose-related reversal of tactile allodynia in the rat following a single administration. These data show that oxcarbazepine and other AEDs are effective anti-hyperalgesic or anti-allodynic agents in an animal model of neuropathic pain, and provide further support for their use in the treatment of neuropathic pain in the clinic.
High-density spatial transcriptomics arrays for <i>in situ</i> tissue profiling (2019)

Abstract Tissue function relies on the precise spatial organization of cells characterized by distinct molecular profiles. Single-cell RNA-Seq captures molecular profiles but not spatial organization. Conversely, spatial profiling assays either lack global transcriptome information or are not at the single-cell level. Here, we develop High-Density Spatial Transcriptomics (HDST), a method for RNA-seq at high spatial resolution. Spatially barcoded reverse transcription oligonucleotides are coupled to beads that are then randomly deposited in individual wells on a slide. The barcoded beads are decoded and coupled to a specific spatial address. We then capture and spatially in situ label RNA from the same histological tissue sections placed on the bead array slide. HDST recovers hundreds of thousands of transcript-coupled barcodes per experiment at 2 μm resolution. We demonstrate HDST in the mouse brain, use it to resolve spatial expression patterns and cell types, and show how to combine it with histological stains to relate expression patterns to tissue architecture and anatomy. HDST opens the way to 2D spatial analysis of tissues at high resolution.
Systematic Investigation of Isoindigo-Based Polymeric Field-Effect Transistors: Design Strategy and Impact of Polymer Symmetry and Backbone Curvature (2012)

Ten isoindigo-based polymers were synthesized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties and device performances were systematically investigated. The HOMO levels of the polymers were tuned by introducing different donor units, yet all polymers exhibited p-type semiconducting properties. The hole mobilities of these polymers with centrosymmetric donor units exceeded 0.3 cm2 V–1 s–1, and the maximum reached 1.06 cm2 V–1 s–1. Because of their low-lying HOMO levels, these copolymers also showed good stability upon moisture. AFM and GIXD analyses revealed that polymers with different symmetry and backbone curvature were distinct in lamellar packing and crystallinity. DFT calculations were employed to help us propose the possible packing model. Based on these results, we propose a design strategy, called “molecular docking”, to understand the interpolymer π–π stacking. We also found that polymer symmetry and backbone curvature affect interchain “molecular docking” of isoindigo-based polymers in film, ultimately leading to different device performance. Finally, our design strategy maybe applicable to other reported systems, thus representing a new concept to design conjugated polymers for field-effect transistors.