gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemoprevention strategies for prostate cancer: The role of 5α-reductase inhibitors (1992)

Prostate cancer is a major health problem for the aging male population. Despite hormonal dependence, the inevitable emergence of androgen insensitive tumors, which have a dismal prognosis, highlights the need to develop prevention strategies such as chemoprevention. An acceptable agent must interfere with either the process of carcinogenesis or tumor growth, and have minimal toxicity. In clinical studies, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors have been shown to suppress serum and intraprostatic levels of dihydrotestosterone, an important promoter of prostate cancer, leading to reduction in prostate size and suppression of glandular cell activity as measured by prostate specific antigen secretion. In addition, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors have demonstrated an excellent safety profile and tolerability in 12 month controlled clinical trials. No significant metabolic effects have been observed in gonadotropin secretion, spermatogenesis, serum lipids or glucose tolerance. The efficacy and safety of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors in studies to date, combined with the androgen dependence of tumor production, strongly supports investigating their use for chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
Efficient Shortest Paths on Massive Social Graphs (2011)

Analysis of large networks is a critical component of many of today’s application environments. The arrival of massive network graphs with hundreds of millions of nodes, e.g. social graphs, presents a unique challenge to graph analysis applications. Most of these applications rely on computing dista
Simple synthesis of trifluoromethylated pyrimidine nucleosides (1977)

Treatment of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-5-iodouridine and 3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-5-iododeoxyuridine with trifluoromethyl iodide and copper powder gave the corresponding 5-trifluoromethyluridine derivatives; this is the first example of direct trifluoromethylation of nucleosides.
Bleeding complications with the P2Y12 receptor antagonists clopidogrel and ticagrelor in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial (2011)

AIMS More intense platelet-directed therapy for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may increase bleeding risk. The aim of the current analysis was to determine the rate, clinical impact, and predictors of major and fatal bleeding complications in the PLATO study. METHODS AND RESULTS PLATO was a randomized, double-blind, active control international, phase 3 clinical trial in patients with acute ST elevation and non-ST-segment elevation ACS. A total of 18 624 patients were randomized to either ticagrelor, a non-thienopyridine, reversibly binding platelet P2Y(12) receptor antagonist, or clopidogrel in addition to aspirin. Patients randomized to ticagrelor and clopidogrel had similar rates of PLATO major bleeding (11.6 vs. 11.2%; P = 0.43), TIMI major bleeding (7.9 vs. 7.7%, P = 0.56) and GUSTO severe bleeding (2.9 vs. 3.1%, P = 0.22). Procedure-related bleeding rates were also similar. Non-CABG major bleeding (4.5 vs. 3.8%, P = 0.02) and non-procedure-related major bleeding (3.1 vs. 2.3%, P = 0.05) were more common in ticagrelor-treated patients, primarily after 30 days on treatment. Fatal bleeding and transfusion rates did not differ between groups. There were no significant interactions for major bleeding or combined minor plus major bleeding between treatment groups and age ≥75 years, weight <60 kg, region, chronic kidney disease, creatinine clearance <60 mL/min, aspirin dose >325 mg on the day of randomization, pre-randomization clopidogrel administration, or clopidogrel loading dose. CONCLUSION Ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel was associated with similar total major bleeding but increased non-CABG and non-procedure-related major bleeding, primarily after 30 days on study drug treatment. Fatal bleeding was low and did not differ between groups.
Quantitative Elemental Analyses by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (1978)

Argon-supported inductively coupled plasmas operated at atmospheric pressures are excellent vaporization-atomization-excitation-ionization sources for analytical atomic emission spectroscopy. When a polychromator is used for observing the emitted spectra, the metals and metalloids can be determined simultaneously at the ultratrace, trace, minor, and major concentration levels under one set of experimental parameters. Alternatively, programmable scanning spectrometers may be utilized for sequential determinations. The atomization-excitation process is remarkably free of interelement interactions, the powers of detection are in the part per billion range for most elements, and sample manipulation requirements prior to analyses are often minimal. The technique meets the requirements of an analytical system for the simultaneous or sequential determination of the elements at all concentration levels to an unusual high degree.
Expression of the Baculovirus <i>p35</i> Gene Inhibits Mammalian Neural Cell Death (1993)

Expression of the apoptosis suppressor gene p35, derived from the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, markedly inhibited the cell death of stably transfected mammalian neural cells whether the cell death was induced by glucose withdrawal, calcium ionophore, or serum withdrawal. The p35 protein, which is required to block virus-induced apoptosis of cultured insect cells, is only the second gene product shown to block mammalian neural cell death, with Bcl-2 being the first. Because there is no apparent homology between p35 and Bcl-2, the existence of a cellular death program that may be modulated at multiple points is suggested. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that the putative cellular death program is conserved across species and cell types.
Application of DBS for Quantitative Assessment of the Peptide Exendin-4; Comparison of Plasma and DBS Method by UHPLC–MS/MS (2010)

DBS technology can be utilized for the quantitation of biopharmaceuticals and offer advantages over traditional plasma-based methods.
상백피가 개의 신장 기능에 미치는 영향 (1982)

In this study attemps were made to obtain evidence as to the action of Mori Radicis Cortex on the renal function of anesthetized mongrel dogs. 1. A...
Hierarchical fault tolerance for nanoscale memories (2006)

This paper considers dynamic fault tolerance techniques applicable to ultradense memories based on nanoscale crossbar architectures. It describes how they can be integrated, in a hierarchical fashion, to provide runtime protection against device failures. Simulation is employed to estimate the effectiveness of a number of configurations, and the results show that there are synergistic combinations that allow for substantial reliability improvements over conventional techniques. For example, a memory with a bit-level failure rate of 2times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4 </sup> FIT and a failure distribution of 10% arrays and 30% each for bits, rows, and columns shows three orders of magnitude reduction in uncorrectable errors at 100 000 hours when a given amount of redundancy is allocated to a combination of error correction coding and spare rows, columns, and arrays versus other configurations
Complex permeability and permittivity variation of carbonyl iron rubber in the frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz (2010)

"The complex dielectric permittivity (e) and magnetic permeability (m) of Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) based on metallic magnetic particles (carbonyl iron particles) embedded in a dielectric matrix (silicon rubber) have been studied in the frequency range of 2 to 18 GHz. The relative permeability and permittivity of carbonyl iron-silicon composites for various mass fractions are measured by the transmission/reflection method using a vector network analyzer. The concentration dependence of permittivity and permeability on the frequency is analyzed. In a general way, the results show that e ́ parameter shows a more significant variation among the evaluated parameters (e", m", m'). The comparison of dielectric and magnetic loss tangents (e"/e" and m"/m', respectively) shows more clearly the variation of both parameters (e and m) according to the frequency. It is also observed that higher carbonyl iron content fractions favor both dielectric and magnetic loss tangents."
Kinetic Modeling of the Polymer-Derived Ceramics Route:  Investigation of the Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Poly[<i>B</i>-(methylamino)borazine] Precursors into Boron Nitride (2006)

A complete kinetic modeling of the polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) route is achieved for the first time through the investigation of the solid-state decomposition of a typical melt-spinnable poly[B-(methylamino)borazine] into boron nitride fibers at various heating rates. Through the use of the Lorentz fitting approach, it is shown that the two-step weight loss associated with the polymer-to-ceramic conversion is governed by a complex interplay of five diffusion-type transport mechanisms that are independent of the applied heating schedule. The application of the Friedman method to dynamic thermogravimetry data yields Ea and ln A values that are seen to increase with the extent of the ceramic conversion from region one (Ea = 38.73 kJ mol(-1)) to region five (Ea = 146.64 kJ mol(-1)). This fact indicates that both the mechanisms within those regions are parallel routes to the formation of the final solid-state material and their complexity increases with the conversion progress. The cross-linking process (first weight loss) of the polymer is governed by three dependent poorly energetic mechanisms. The first weight loss is activated by ammonolysis reactions that provide a modified polymer capable of undergoing condensation reactions in regions two and three to yield a highly cross-linked polymer. A large evolution of methylamine is identified during this process. Mineralization (region four) and ceramization (region five) steps are represented by two highly energetic multistep mechanisms. The mineralization step is associated with a large evolution of methylamine and occurs during the transition between the cross-linking and ceramization processes through the cleavage of the inter-ring B-N bonds. Ceramization represents the end of the polymer-to-ceramic conversion in which the planar consolidation of BN hexagons occurs through complex structural rearrangements of the borazine units (cleavage of the intraring B-N bonds) accompanied with an ammonia evolution. Finally, the simulation of the polymer-to-ceramic conversion was demonstrated through a simplified model that appropriately predicted experimental data.
Display of Cross Sectional Anatomy by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1978)

sc wtmafi characteristic curve, Sinee thls test appears to give more ･valid information about film quality than conventional sensitometry, it is suggested that the test procedure should be standardised and used by the manufacturers, 23210, 23220 Effect of ScreenlFilm Combinations' onDiagnostic
Patents in Cyberspace: Territoriality and Infringement on Global Computer Networks (1993)

mGNTY (1992) (discussing the political effect of modem global information technology
Improvement of persistent magnetic field trapping in bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors (1993)

For type-II superconductors, magnetic field can be trapped due to persistent internal supercurrent. Quasi-persistent magnetic fields near 2 T at 60 K (and 1.4 T at 77 K) have been measured in minimagnets made of proton-irradiated melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O (MT-Y123) samples. Using the trapping effect, high-field permanent magnets with dipole, quadrupole, or more complicated configurations can be made of existing MT-Y123 material, thus bypassing the need for high-temperature superconductor (HTS) wires. A phenomenological current model has been developed to account for the trapped field intensity and profile in HTS samples. This model is also a guide to select directions of materials development to further improve field trapping properties. General properties such as magnetic field intensities, spatial distributions, stabilities, and temperature dependence of trapped field are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluating the Predictiveness of a Continuous Marker (2007)

Consider a continuous marker for predicting a binary outcome. For example, the serum concentration of prostate specific antigen may be used to calculate the risk of finding prostate cancer in a biopsy. In this article, we argue that the predictive capacity of a marker has to do with the population distribution of risk given the marker and suggest a graphical tool, the predictiveness curve, that displays this distribution. The display provides a common meaningful scale for comparing markers that may not be comparable on their original scales. Some existing measures of predictiveness are shown to be summary indices derived from the predictiveness curve. We develop methods for making inference about the predictiveness curve, for making pointwise comparisons between two curves, and for evaluating covariate effects. Applications to risk prediction markers in cancer and cystic fibrosis are discussed.
Phorboxazole Synthetic Studies. 2. Construction of a C(20−28) Subtarget, a Further Extension of the Petasis−Ferrier Rearrangement (1999)

[formula: see text] In this, the second of two Letters, we describe the efficient assembly of (+)-4, a C(20-28) subtarget for the total synthesis of phorboxazoles A (1) and B (2). The synthesis was achieved in 12 linear steps (20% overall yield) via Petasis-Ferrier rearrangement of an E/Z mixture of trisubstituted enol ethers (15) to assemble the C(22-26) cis-tetrahydropyran. A mechanism for the observed diastereoconvergence of 15 is proposed. In addition, a new tactic for the synthesis of enol ethers (e.g., 15) based on the elegant work of Julia is described.
Local work function analysis of Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub>photocatalyst by a Kelvin probe force microscope (2007)

Nanometre-sized Pt clusters were prepared on a TiO2(110)-(1 × 1) surface, and the lateral distribution of work function was examined by using a Kelvin probe force microscope. Local work function on the Pt clusters was smaller than that on the surrounding TiO2 surface. Assuming that the dipole moments which perturb the work function are produced by uneven electron distribution, the decrease of the work function indicates electron transfer from the clusters to the TiO2 surface. After decomposition of pivalate anions on the surfaces by UV irradiation, the work function increased on some Pt clusters. It is known that holes photoexcited in TiO2 attach to pivalate anions to cause a decomposition reaction. Hence the increase of the observed work function by UV irradiation can be ascribed to the trapping of the accompanying electrons to the Pt clusters.
Aluminium Toxicity in Roots: An Investigation of Spatial Sensitivity and the Role of the Root Cap (1993)

The primary symptom of aluminium (Al) toxicity in higher plants is inhibition of root growth. In this study, we investigated the spatial sensitivity of maize (Zea mays L.) roots to Al. A divided-chamber technique indicated that only exposure of the terminal 10 to 15 mm of the root to Al resulted in inhibition of growth. Application of Al to all but this apical region of the root had little or no effect on growth for 24 h and caused minimal damage to the root tissue. Small agar blocks infused with Al were then applied to discrete areas of the apex of maize roots to determine which section (root cap, meristem or elongation zone) was more important to Al-induced inhibition of growth. The terminal 2·0 to 3·0 mm of root (root cap and meristem) must be exposed to Al for inhibition. Application of Al to the 3·0 mm of root proximal to this terminal zone (elongation zone) resulted in damage to the root tissue but no significant inhibition of growth. Therefore, the visible injuries incurred by roots during Al-stress are not associated directly with the inhibition of root growth. Furthermore, removal of the root cap had no effect on the Al-induced inhibition of root growth in solution experiments and argues against the root cap providing protection from Al stress or serving an essential role in the mechanism of toxicity. We suggest that the meristem is the primary site of Al-toxicity.
Screening for new antioxidative compounds for topical administration using skin lipid model systems. (2005)

Human skin is constantly exposed to UV light and oxygen. Therefore, the administration of protectors in cosmetic formulations or sunscreens, as found in this study, may be helpful for the protection of the human skin against UV induced damage. In vivo experiments with substances found as protectors should follow to allow in vitro-in vivo correlation and clinical interpretation of the data.
Hck tyrosine kinase activity modulates tumor necrosis factor production by murine macrophages. (1993)

The hematopoietic cell kinase (hck) is a member of the src family of tyrosine kinases, and is primarily expressed in myeloid cells. Hck expression increases with terminal differentiation in both monocyte/macrophages and granulocytes and is further augmented during macrophage activation. Recent evidence has implicated src-related tyrosine kinases in critical signaling pathways in other hematopoietic lineages. Herein we demonstrate that manipulation of the level of hck expression in the murine macrophage cell line BAC1.2F5 alters the responsiveness of these cells to activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but does not affect survival or proliferation. Overexpression of an activated mutant of hck in BAC1.2F5 cells augments tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in response to LPS, whereas inhibition of endogenous hck expression, by antisense oligonucleotides, interferes with LPS-mediated TNF synthesis. Together, these observations suggest that hck is an important component of the signal transduction pathways in activated macrophages.
High rejection Rx filters for GSM handsets with wafer level packaging (2003)

We present results of PCS and DCS Rx filters based on thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) technology for GSM handset application. The typical minimum rejection performances for PCs Rx filters are >18dB in the band of 1830-1910 MHz and 2010-2070 MHz, and >29 dB outside of the 1830-2070 MHz range. The typical minimum rejections for DCS Rx filters are >18 dB in the band of 1705-1785 MHz and 1820-1980 MHz, and >29 dB outside of the 1705-1980 MHz range. The filters consist of seven FBARs electrically coupled in a ladder topology, and are hermetically sealed using wafer-level packaging. The die sizes of PCs and DCS Rx filters are 0.7/spl times/0.8/spl times/0.25 mm and 0.9/spl times/0.9/spl times/0.25 mm, respectively.
Dynamic classmarks for SDR equipment (2003)

The paper describes a dynamic classmark scheme based on a finite number of stages during a radio connection procedure for reconfigurable terminals in future multiple radio access technology environments. Based on the user profile, terminal profile and service profile that the user applies, features are clustered into different sets called classmarks. The classmarks are designed in a stage-based manner in order to realize the method of dynamically creating and triggering them. During the reconfiguration, radio link establishment and communication processes, the number of stages is adaptive to the access frequency and priorities of the necessary features required by the network. Thanks to this approach, the signaling burden is highly reduced in the radio network. Therefore, the efficiency of radio resource management is improved.
Effects of Compatibility of Acrylic Block Copolymer and Tackifier on Phase Structure and Peel Adhesion of Their Blend (2008)

The effect of compatibility of polymer and tackifier on the adhesion properties of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape was investigated. For this purpose, a model pressure-sensitive adhesive tape was prepared. A mixture of poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(butyl acrylate)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) triblock copolymer and a similar diblock copolymer was used as the base polymer. And three kinds of tackifiers, namely a rosin phenolic resin (A), a special rosin ester resin (B) and a hydrogenated cycloaliphatic resin (C) were used. The compatibility with the base polymer was in the order of tackifier A > B > C. Transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed that the tackifier A had good compatibility, where agglomerates of the tackifier with a size of about 10 nm only were observed. Larger and distinct agglomerates of tackifier were observed for tackifier B and the size increased with the tackifier content. The tackifier C formed domains with a mean size of several tens μm. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that both the glass transition temperature and modulus increased at low temperature and the modulus at high temperature decreased by the addition of tackifier for tackifiers A and B. This tendency was more remarkable for tackifier A as compared to tackifier B. An increase of the glass transition temperature was never observed for tackifier C. The peel adhesion was in the order of tackifier A > B > C. It was found that the compatibility of tackifier and base polymer had strong effect on adhesion properties.
Full CMOS video line-locked phase-locked loop system (1993)

A CMOS PLL (phase-locked loop) system for generation of a television line-locked clock in the frequency range 25 MHz to 40 MHz is described. The PLL system is designed for use as a generic building block with large-scale CMOS video signal processing integrated circuits. The development of a custom test chip version of the PLL system is reported. A test chip version of the PLL system has been fabricated in 0.8 mu m CMOS technology and tested to verify functionality and examine acquisition and racking behavior. The test chip version of the PLL includes a bidirectional test bus monitor system used to observe 28 signals and input five signals for the purpose of assessing circuit operation details. The open-loop measured noise bandwidth of the RC VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator) is -30 dB at 350 Hz. The short term stability within one second is approximately +or-150 Hz or 20 p.p.m., corresponding to 1.3 ns jitter in one horizontal line period of 63.5 mu s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Y2K and its impact on small businesses (1999)

While large corporations have been planning and preparing for the century date change for some time now, little attention has been paid to the needs of small businesses as we approach 2000. Arneese Brown details the potential impact to small businesses from the century date change, and what resources are available to help these entrepreneurs as they get their systems Y2K-ready.
A Carrier Recovery Approach for ATSC Receivers (2008)

This paper presents a method of using the field sync signal to perform carrier recovery for ATSC receivers. This approach ensures a fast, reliable, and accurate receiver carrier frequency and phase recovery even under severely distorted channel conditions.
Secure set intersection cardinality with application to association rule mining (2005)

There has been concern over the apparent conflict between privacy and data mining. There is no inherent conflict, as most types of data mining produce summary results that do not reveal information about individuals. The process of data mining may use private data, leading to the potential for priv acy breaches. Secure Multiparty Computation shows that results can be produced without revealing the data used to generate them. The problem is that general techniques for secure multiparty computation do not scale to data-mining size computations. This paper presents an efficient protocol for securely determining the size of set intersection, and shows how this can be used to generate association rules where multiple parties have different (and private) information about the same set of individuals.