gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE CAPACITY OF THE N.S.W. PIG MARKET TO ABSORB POSSIBLE INCREASES IN NORTH COAST PIG PRODUCTION* (1968)

Likely changes in gross income to farmers on the north coast of N.S.W. from an expansion of pig production are considered in the light of estimated demand conditions and the forecast future production of grain fed pigs in inland areas. Price elasticity of demand for pigmeat is estimated to be only slightly greater than unity; prospects for future expansion in inland areas are favourable given the strong direct relation found between pig production and wheat acreage and the low estimated elasticity of supply of 0.7; hence it is concluded expansion of milk‐fed pig production would do little to solve the farm problem on the north coast. Pig numbers in coastal areas are found to be mainly determined by pig prices and coastal production of butter in previous periods; elasticity of supply is estimated to be O.5. In the demand analysis the importance of the level of migration as a determinant of the demand for pork is highlighted.
The Synthesis of 6-Fluoro-9-methylpurine (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 6-Fluoro-9-methylpurineAlden G. Beaman and Roland K. RobinsCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1962, 5, 6, 1067–1074Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm01241a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm01241a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A system for visual analysis of radio signal data (2014)

Analysis of radio transmissions is vital for military defense as it provides valuable information about enemy communication and infrastructure. One challenge to the data analysis task is that there are far too many signals for analysts to go through by hand. Even typical signal meta data (such as frequency band, duration, and geographic location) can be overwhelming. In this paper, we present a system for exploring and analyzing such radio signal meta-data. Our system incorporates several visual representations for signal data, designed for readability and ease of comparison, as well as novel algorithms for extracting and classifying consistent signal patterns. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system using data collected from real missions with an airborne sensor platform.
Current developments to use linear MALDI‐TOF spectra for the identification and typing of bacteria and the characterization of other cells/organisms related to infectious diseases (2016)

Within the past few years identification of bacteria by MALDI-TOF MS has become a standard technique in bacteriological laboratories for good reasons. MALDI-TOF MS identification is rapid, robust, automatable, and the per-sample costs are low. Yet, the spectra are very informative and the reliable identification of bacterial species is usually possible. Recently, new MS-based approaches for the identification of bacteria are emerging that are based on the detailed analysis of the bacterial proteome by high-resolution MS. These "proteotyping" approaches are highly discriminative and outperform MALDI-TOF MS-based identification in terms of specificity, but require a laborious proteomic workflow and far more expertise and sophisticated instrumentation than identification on basis of MALDI-TOF MS spectra, which can be obtained with relative simple and uncostly linear MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers. Thus MALDI-TOF MS identification of bacteria remains an attractive option for routine diagnostics. Additionally, MALDI-TOF MS identification protocols have been extended and improved in many respects making linear MALDI-TOF MS a versatile tool that can be useful beyond the identification of a bacterial species, e.g. for the characterization of leucocytes and arthropod vectors of infectious diseases. This review focuses on such improvements and extensions of the typical MALDI-TOF MS workflow in the field of infectious diseases.
Over-compression, a method to shape the longitudinal bunch distribution for a reduced energy spread (1994)

In the Stanford Linear Collider the energy spread of the bunches at the end of the linac is dominated by longitudinal wakefields. A short, high current bunch with a Gaussian shape will produce a double-horned energy distribution. It can be shown that certain charge distributions with a sharp rise time (about rectangular or half-Gaussian) will give no additional energy spread due to the linac, since the generated wakefield and the rf-curvature cancel each other exactly. In this paper different methods are presented on how to achieve such distributions by using non-linear dependences in the RTL (Ring-To-Linac) compression region. A simple and effective method to achieve such a distribution is by over-compression. When not fully compressing the bunch, there are two settings of the compressor voltage, under and over-compression, which give the same core bunch length in the linac. By switching from the under to the over-compressed setting, the tails are reduced from more than Gaussian to less than Gaussian beam tails. This results in a roughly rectangular shape which will give the wakefield-rf cancellation. Simulations, measurements and their implications are discussed.
2015 개정 수학과 교육과정의 특징과 쟁점 (2015)

본 연구의 목적은 2015년 9월 23일에 고시된 2015 개정 수학과 교육과정의 특징을 정리하고, 세부적인 내용에서 이전의 2009 개정 교육과정과 어떻게 달라졌는지 비교분석하며, 2015 개정 교육과정을 수립하는 과정에서 쟁점이 되었던 문제들과 그에 대한 각계의 의견들을 살펴보고, 앞으로의 교육과정 개발에 있어서 발전적인 방향에 대한 의견을 제시하고자 하는 것이다. 결론적으로 2015 개정 수학과 교육과정에는 이전 교육과정의 문⋅이과 공통수학을 그대로 유지하는 것 외에는 문⋅이과 통
합형 교육과정이라고 할 새로운 변화는 없으며, 내용 감축과 평가 가이드라인 제시로 학습 부담 완화를 모색하며, 선택과목을 재구조화한 것이그 특징으로 정리된다. 2015 개정 수학과 교육과정을 개발하는 과정에서 학습부담 경감의 문제와 고등학교 교육과정의 진로선택 과목의 문제, 신설 교과의 정체성과 정착 방법의 문제, 수능연계 방법이 제시되지 않은 문제 등의 많은 쟁점이 있었다. 이러한 여러 문제점들 중 기하 과목의 진로선택 분류는 수학 내용의 교육적 측면에서 빠른 시일 내에 수정되어야
할 부분이다. 교육과정 개정은 더 긴 시간적 여유를 가지고 장기적인 계획으로, 면밀한 교육현장 조사와 사회 각계의 의견 수렴은 물론 전문가자문을 심도 있게 구하는 과정을 거쳐야한다. 이런 과정을 통하여 창의융합형 인재라는 목표에 부합하는 특징적 수학 과목을 개발하는 방안도모색할 수 있을 것이다.
Multispectral remote sensing for the estimation of green leaf area index (1983)

Abstract The causal relation between multispectral reflectance and green leaf area index (l.a.i.) has enabled the estimation of green leaf area index by the judicious use of remotely sensed multispectral reflectance measurements. In this paper three topics are discussed. First, the reflectance properties of a vegetation canopy and the problems of determining the form of the relation between green l.a.i. and red and near-infrared reflectance: these problems include variability in substrate and leaf reflectance and the geometry of the scene and sensor. Second, the methodologies currently employed for estimating green l.a.i.: these methodologies are based on the production of simple, complex or modelled calibration curves. Third , current research at the University of Sheffield: this includes not only studies with multispectral reflectance collected from aircraft-mounted sensors to estimate the green l.a.i. of heathlands and grasslands but also multispectral reflectance collected from satellites to map estimated green l.a.i. It is concluded that the main applications for this remote-sensing technique are within the fields of agricultural intelligence, agricultural m anagement and ecological research.
Aquaculture and fisheries biotechnology: genetic approaches (2011)

<title>Abstract</title> This book covers topics essential to the study of fish genetics, including qualitative and quantitative traits, crossbreeding, inbreeding, genetic drift, hybridization, selection programs, polyploidy, genomics and cloning. This fully updated second edition also addresses environmental risk, food safety and government regulation of transgenic aquatic organisms, commercial applications of fish biotechnology and future issues in fish genetics.
Observation of coherent microwave radiation emitted by coupled Josephson junctions (1972)

We report here the results of a preliminary study of coherent microwave radiation emitted by a small array of interacting Josephson tunnel junctions, including the first direct observation of the superradiant state in pairs of junctions.
Experimental hypoxia and embryonic angiogenesis† (2006)

We examined the role of hypoxia and HIF factors in embryonic angiogenesis and correlated the degree of hypoxia with the level of HIF and VEGF expression and blood vessel formation. Quail eggs were incubated in normoxic and hypoxic (16% O(2)) conditions. Tissue hypoxia marker, pimonidazol hydrochloride, was applied in vivo for 1 hr and detected in sections with Hypoxyprobe-1 Ab. VEGF and HIF expression was detected by in situ hybridization. HIF-1alpha protein was detected in sections and by Western blot. Endothelial cells were visualized with QH-1 antibody. Hypoxic regions were detected even in normoxic control embryos, mainly in brain, neural tube, branchial arches, limb primordia, and mesonephros. The expression patterns of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta factors followed, in general, the Hypoxyprobe-1 marked regions. HIF-2alpha was predominantly expressed in endothelial cells. Diffuse VEGF expression was detected in hypoxic areas of neural tube, myocardium, digestive tube, and most prominently in mesonephros. Growing capillaries were directed to areas of VEGF positivity. Hypoxic regions in hypoxic embryos were larger and stained more intensely. VEGF and HIF-1 factors were proportionately elevated in Hypoxyprobe-1 marked regions without being expressed at new sites and were followed by increased angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that normal embryonic vascular development involves the HIF-VEGF regulatory cascade. Experimentally increasing the level of hypoxia to a moderate level resulted in over-expression of HIF-1 factors and VEGF followed by an increase in the density of developing vessels. These data indicate that embryonic angiogenesis is responsive to environmental oxygen tension and, therefore, is not entirely genetically controlled.
WWAN printed monopole slot antenna with a parallel‐resonant slit for tablet computer application (2012)

Abstract The use of a parallel‐resonant (PR) slit for dual‐band bandwidth enhancement of a small‐size printed monopole slot antenna to achieve the wireless wide area network operation in the tablet computer is demonstrated. The antenna is easy to fabricate by printing on a thin FR4 substrate of size 10 × 45 mm 2 . The PR slit, mainly configured as a spiral shape to occupy a small area of about 6.5 × 6.5 mm 2 on the FR4 substrate, generates two parallel resonances at about 1.2 and 2.5 GHz to, respectively, result in dual‐resonance excitation of the quarter‐wavelength and half‐wavelength modes of the monopole slot at about 0.9 and 1.9 GHz. In this case, two wide operating bands are obtained to, respectively, cover the 824–960 and 1710–2170 MHz bands. That is, with the dual‐band bandwidth enhancement contributed by the PR slit, the proposed antenna can cover the GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS bands with a small planar size. Details of the proposed antenna are described in the article. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:40–45, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27273
Evaluation of welding deformation on ITER vacuum vessel (2003)

The evaluation of welding deformation on the vacuum vessel sector model of the Interaction Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) has been performed using a finite element method analysis. The welding data of a simple plate test is translated to thermal shrinkage and applied to the model as an equivalent welding deformation force. The calculation results are compared with the results of full-scale mock-up test simulating on-site welding. As a result, the error of this analysis was obtained to be 10-25% in shrinkage and factor 5 in cross sectional deformation.
ICRF fusion reactivity enhancement in tokamaks (1986)

A systematic study of ICRF fusion reactivity enhancement has been conducted, using a new bounce-averaged two-dimensional Fokker-Planck code. Second-harmonic heating of deuterium in a 50–50 DT plasma is assumed, and the results are obtained as a function of background plasma density and temperature. An enhancement factor of ten is achieved at low Q (= fusion power/RF power), which is important for ion-tail diagnostics, but at Q = 0.5 the enhancement is ⪅ 2. Significant poloidal variations in ion density (up to 14%) and in fusion reactivity (by a factor up to 2.5) are found.
Learning Time/Memory-Efficient Deep Architectures with Budgeted Super Networks (2018)

We propose to focus on the problem of discovering neural network architectures efficient in terms of both prediction quality and cost. For instance, our approach is able to solve the following tasks: learn a neural network able to predict well in less than 100 milliseconds or learn an efficient model that fits in a 50 Mb memory. Our contribution is a novel family of models called Budgeted Super Networks (BSN). They are learned using gradient descent techniques applied on a budgeted learning objective function which integrates a maximum authorized cost, while making no assumption on the nature of this cost. We present a set of experiments on computer vision problems and analyze the ability of our technique to deal with three different costs: the computation cost, the memory consumption cost and a distributed computation cost. We particularly show that our model can discover neural network architectures that have a better accuracy than the ResNet and Convolutional Neural Fabrics architectures on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, at a lower cost.
CASPASES -2, -3, -6, AND -9, BUT NOT CASPASE-1, ARE ACTIVATED IN SEPSIS-INDUCED THYMOCYTE APOPTOSIS (2000)

Sepsis induces extensive lymphocyte cell death that may contribute to immune depression and morbidity/mortality in the disorder. bcl-2 is a member of a new class of oncogenes that prevents cell death from an array of noxious stimuli. Transgenic mice that overexpress BCL-2 in T lymphocytes are resistant to sepsis-induced T cell apoptosis, and mortality was decreased in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to identify key initiator and executioner "caspases" involved in sepsis-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and to determine if BCL-2 acts prior to caspase activation. Thymi were removed 5-22 h post-cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Apoptosis was evaluated in thymocytes by annexin-V FITC labeling and flow cytometry. Caspase-1 activity was determined by western blot analysis of the procaspase protein and p20 subunit of the activated caspase; activities of caspases -2, -6, and -9 were determined by colorimetric assays using specific substrates conjugated to a color reporter molecule. Caspase-3 activity was determined both by western blot and by a fluorogenic assay in which a fluorescent compound was generated. Thymocytes from CLP mice had markedly increased apoptosis and activation of caspases -2, -3, -6, and -9 in comparison with thymocytes of sham-operated mice. Caspase-1 was not activated. BCL-2 prevented sepsis-induced thymocyte apoptosis and inhibited activation of all caspases. We conclude that sepsis causes activation of multiple caspases and that BCL-2 acts upstream as an inhibitor of caspase activation. The pattern of caspase activation suggests a mitochondrial mediated pathway.
Active microstructured arrays for x-ray optics (2007)

The UK Smart X-Ray Optics programme is developing the techniques required to both enhance the performance of existing X-ray systems, such as X-ray telescopes, while also extending the utility of X-ray optics to a broader class of scientific investigation. The approach requires the control of the inherent aberrations of X-ray systems using an active/adaptive method. One of the technologies proposed to achieve this is micro-structured optical arrays, which use grazing incidence reflection through consecutive aligned arrays of channels. Although such arrays are similar in concept to polycapillary and microchannel plate optics, they are more flexible. Bending the arrays allows variable focal length, while flexing parts of them provides adaptive or active systems. Custom configurations can be designed, using ray tracing and finite element analysis, for applications from sub-keV to several-keV X-rays. The channels may be made using deep silicon etching, which can provide appropriate aspect ratios, and flexed using piezo actuators. An exemplar application will be in the micro-probing of biological cells and tissue samples using Ti K<sub>α</sub> radiation (4.5 keV) in studies related to radiation induced cancers.
A tactile sensing and feedback system for tumor localization (2016)

Haptic information such as pressure (tactile) distribution could improve the clinical outcomes significantly by helping to detect tumors within soft-tissue organs and indicating potential abnormalities. In open surgeries, fingers are used to obtain this information. However, current surgical tele-manipulators do not provide explicit haptic feedback during soft tissue palpation. This paper describes a tactile sensing and feedback system, consisting of a colored tactile information display and pneumatic multi-fingered haptic feedback. This tissue stiffness feedback system is validated by palpating two phantom organs to locate tissue tumors. The results proved that the stiffness distribution is acquirable, visible, and palpable using our method.
Cytokines and peripheral analgesia. (2003)

Tissue damage causes an inflammatory response in which cytokines contribute to a painful state. Local inflammation also leads to an enhanced expression of opioid peptides such as END within immune cells of inflamed tissue. These endogenous substances can be released by "releasing factors" such as CRF and IL-4 via activation of their receptors on the cell surface of inflammatory cells. Local application of CRE or IL-1 into inflamed tissue results in significant analgesia which is most likely mediated by a release of opioid peptides from immune cells within inflamed tissue. This mechanism of pain inhibition also seems to have a physiological role. Upon certain stressful stimuli analgesic effects seem to be mediated by a release of opioid peptides and a subsequent activation of peripheral opioid receptors. Locally expressed CRF but not IL-1 appear to trigger this release. Thus, inflammatory pain can be modulated both by exogenous CRF and IL-1 as well as endogenous CRF. These mechanisms are based on interaction between the immune and nervous systems. Both the initiation of pain and its control can be regarded as the body's response to prevent further injury, to support wound healing and to return to a normal function as quickly as possible.
Growth, Carcass Traits, Boar Odor and Testicular and Endocrine Functions of Male Pigs Fed a Progestogen, Altrenogest (1988)

Crossbred (Chester White X Yorkshire X Duroc) boars were used to evaluate the effects of feeding a progestogen (altrenogest) on body growth, endocrine function (determined during feeding and after withdrawal of altrenogest), carcass composition, boar odor and testicular function (determined after a 30-d withdrawal from altrenogest). Boars from 18 litters were assigned at 12 wk of age to three treatments: 1) 18 control boars; 2) 18 boars fed altrenogest (20 mg/day) for 6 wk from 15 to 21 wk of age, followed by 30 d with no treatment; and 3) 18 boars castrated at 2 wk of age (barrows). Daily gains were greater (P less than .05) in boars fed altrenogest than in barrows through 21 wk of age but were lower (P less than .05) than those of control boars and barrows during the 30-d withdrawal period. Boars fed altrenogest weighed less (P less than .05) than control boars and barrows at 25 wk of age (at slaughter). Both groups of boars were similar in percentage of muscle and had less (P less than .05) backfat than barrows, whereas control boars had the largest (P less than .05) loineye areas. Based on evaluations by a trained sensory panel, intensity of boar odor in fat samples was similar for both groups of boars and was greater (P less than .05) than that for barrows. Weights of accessory reproductive glands and weight and sperm content of testes and epididymides were reduced (P less than .05) in boars fed altrenogest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sodium borohydride stabilizes very active gold nanoparticle catalysts (2014)

Long-term stable 3 nm gold nanoparticles are prepared by a simple reaction between HAuCl4 and sodium borohydride in water under ambient conditions which very efficiently catalyze 4-nitrophenol reduction to 4-nitroaniline.
Lewis-base adducts of Group 1B metal(I) compounds. Part 18. Stereo-chemistries and structures of the 1 : 1 neutral complexes of Cu I X with 1,10-phenanthroline (X = I) or 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (X = I, Br, or Cl) (1985)

Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations have been carried out at 295 K on the compounds [Cul(phen)]·5MeOH (1)(phen = 1,1 0-phenanthroline), [Cul(dmphen)](2), [CuBr(dmphen)](3), and [CuCl(dmphen)](4)(dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). Crystals of (1) are monoclinic, P21/n, a= 10.659(3), b= 23.585(9), c= 10.487(3)Å, β= 91.34(2)°, Z= 8; for N0= 2 457 independent ‘observed’ diffractometer reflections, R= 0.034. Crystals of (2) are monoclinic, C2/c,a= 19.025(6), b= 8.489(3), c= 17.376(5)Å, β= 108.27(2)°, Z= 8; N0= 1 582, R= 0.035. Crystals of (3) are isomorphous with (2), a= 18.497(6), b= 8.398(2), c= 17.419(5)Å, β= 110.14(2)°; N0= 1 786, R= 0.040. Crystals of (4) are monoclinic, P21/n, a= 10.133(4), b= 18.388(5), c= 6.729(1)Å, β= 94.31(2)°, Z= 4; N0= 889, R= 0.044. In (1)–(3), the species is a di-p-halogeno-bridged dimer with four-co-ordinate copper atoms. For (1), Cu–I are 2.589(1)–2.632(1)Å with Cu–N 2.078(6)–2.103(6); Cu ⋯ Cu is 2.609(2) and I ⋯ I, 4.454(2)Å. In (2), Cu–I are 2.673(1), 2.563(1), Cu–N, 2.094(6), 2.092(5); Cu ⋯ Cu is 3.024(2) and I ⋯ I, 4.276(1)Å. In (3), Cu–Br are 2.400(1), 2.559(1), Cu–N, 2.083(5), 2.085(4)Å; Cu ⋯ Cu is 3.097(1) and Br ⋯ Br, 3.876(1)Å. Complex (4) is mononuclear with the copper atom pseudo-trigonally planar co-ordinated by the bidentate aromatic ligand [Cu–N 2.060(6) and 2.057(5)Å] and the halide [Cu–Cl, 2.126(2)Å]. The role of the ligand and halide substituents on the complexity of the complex is examined.