gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of K<sup>+</sup>channels by arachidonic acid in T84 cells. I. Inhibition of the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent K<sup>+</sup>channel (1998)

The Cl − secretory response of colonic cells to Ca 2+ -mediated agonists is transient despite a sustained elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ . We evaluated the effects of second messengers proposed to limit Ca 2+ -mediated Cl − secretion on the basolateral membrane, Ca 2+ -dependent K + channel (K Ca ) in colonic secretory cells, T84. Neither protein kinase C (PKC) nor inositol tetrakisphosphate (1,3,4,5 or 3,4,5,6 form) affected K Ca in excised inside-out patches. In contrast, arachidonic acid (AA; 3 μM) potently inhibited K Ca , reducing NP o , the product of number of channels and channel open probability, by 95%. The apparent inhibition constant for this AA effect was 425 nM. AA inhibited K Ca in the presence of both indomethacin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, blockers of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. In the presence of albumin, the effect of AA on K Ca was reversed. A similar effect of AA was observed on K Ca during outside-out recording. We determined also the effect of the cis-unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, the trans-unsaturated fatty acid elaidate, and the saturated fatty acid myristate. At 3 μM, all of these fatty acids inhibited K Ca , reducing NP o by 72–86%. Finally, the effect of the cytosolic phospholipase A 2 inhibitor arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF 3 ) on the carbachol-induced short-circuit current ( I sc ) response was determined. In the presence of AACOCF 3 , the peak carbachol-induced I sc response was increased ∼2.5-fold. Our results suggest that AA generation induced by Ca 2+ -mediated agonists may contribute to the dissociation observed between the rise in intracellular Ca 2+ evoked by these agonists and the associated Cl − secretory response.
Competition between the Yops of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> for Delivery into Eukaryotic Cells: Role of the SycE Chaperone Binding Domain of YopE (2000)

A type III secretion-translocation system allows Yersinia adhering at the surface of animal cells to deliver a cocktail of effector Yops (YopH, -O, -P, -E, -M, and -T) into the cytosol of these cells. Residues or codons 1 to 77 contain all the information required for the complete delivery of YopE into the target cell (release from the bacterium and translocation across the eukaryotic cell membrane). Residues or codons 1 to 15 are sufficient for release from the wild-type bacterium under Ca(2+)-chelating conditions but not for delivery into target cells. Residues 15 to 50 comprise the binding domain for SycE, a chaperone specific for YopE that is necessary for release and translocation of full-length YopE. To understand the role of this chaperone, we studied the delivery of YopE-Cya reporter proteins and YopE deletants by polymutant Yersinia devoid of most of the Yop effectors (delta HOPEM and delta THE strains). We first tested YopE-Cya hybrid proteins and YopE proteins deleted of the SycE-binding site. In contrast to wild-type strains, these mutants delivered YopE(15)-Cya as efficiently as YopE(130)-Cya. They were also able to deliver YopE(delta 17-77). SycE was dispensable for these deliveries. These results show that residues or codons 1 to 15 are sufficient for delivery into eukaryotic cells and that there is no specific translocation signal in Yops. However, the fact that the SycE-binding site and SycE were necessary for delivery of YopE by wild-type Yersinia suggests that they could introduce hierarchy among the effectors to be delivered. We then tested a YopE-Cya hybrid and YopE proteins deleted of amino acids 2 to 15 but containing the SycE-binding domain. These constructs were neither released in vitro upon Ca(2+) chelation nor delivered into cells by wild-type or polymutant bacteria, casting doubts on the hypothesis that SycE could be a secretion pilot. Finally, it appeared that residues 50 to 77 are inhibitory to YopE release and that binding of SycE overcomes this inhibitory effect. Removal of this domain allowed in vitro release and delivery in cells in the absence as well as in the presence of SycE.
Developing Polymer Composite Materials: Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene? (2013)

The formation of composite materials represents an efficient route to improve the performances of polymers and expand their application scopes. Due to the unique structure and remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical and catalytic properties, carbon nanotube and graphene have been mostly studied as a second phase to produce high performance polymer composites. Although carbon nanotube and graphene share some advantages in both structure and property, they are also different in many aspects including synthesis of composite material, control in composite structure and interaction with polymer molecule. The resulting composite materials are distinguished in property to meet different applications. This review article mainly describes the preparation, structure, property and application of the two families of composite materials with an emphasis on the difference between them. Some general and effective strategies are summarized for the development of polymer composite materials based on carbon nanotube and graphene.
Dichoptic color saturation mixture: Binocular luminance contrast promotes perceptual averaging (2015)

We demonstrate a new type of interaction between suprathreshold color (chromatic) and luminance contrast in the context of binocular vision. When two isoluminant colored disks of identical hue but different saturations are presented to different eyes, the apparent saturation of the resulting "dichoptic" mix is close to that of the more saturated patch if presented binocularly. This result is commensurate with previous findings using luminance contrast and is close to the scenario termed "winner-take-all." However, when binocularly matched luminance contrast is added to the dichoptic saturation mixture, the apparent saturation of the mixture shifts away from winner-take-all towards the average of the two dichoptic saturations. The likely cause of this effect is that the matched luminance contrasts reduce the interocular suppression between the unmatched color saturations. We suggest that the presence of binocularly matched luminance contrast promotes the interpretation that the dichoptic color saturations, even though unmatched, nevertheless originate from the same object. We term this idea the "object commonality" hypothesis.
Dicarba Analogues of the Cyclic Enkephalin Peptides H-Tyr-<i>c</i>[<scp>d</scp>-Cys-Gly-Phe-<scp>d</scp>(or<scp>l</scp>)-Cys]NH<sub>2</sub>Retain High Opioid Activity (2007)

Dicarba analogues of the cyclic opioid peptides H-Tyr-c[d-Cys-Gly-Phe-d(or l)-Cys]NH2 were synthesized on solid phase by substituting allylglycines for the cysteines and cyclization by ring-closing metathesis between the side chains of the allylglycine residues. Mixtures of cis and trans isomers of the resulting olefinic peptides were obtained, and catalytic hydrogenation yielded the saturated -CH2-CH2- bridged peptides. The dicarba analogues retained high mu and delta agonist potencies. Remarkably, the trans isomer of H-Tyr-c[d-Allylgly-Gly-Phe-l-Allylgly]NH2 was a mu agonist/delta agonist with subnanomolar potency at both receptors.
Delayed in vitro fertilization of zebrafish eggs in Hank's saline containing bovine serum albumin. (1997)

In zebrafish it is possible to create viable diploid fish whose genomic DNA is derived only from the female parent (parthenogenesis) or, as was more recently shown, only from the male (androgenesis). Androgenesis requires holding zebrafish eggs in an inactivated state in vitro for an hour or more. Previously this was achieved by placing the zebrafish eggs in ovary fluid obtained from rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) or coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch). Here we report that adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) to Hank's buffered saline prevents zebrafish egg activation in vitro. Of the zebrafish eggs placed in Hank's saline plus 0.5% BSA, 85% +/- 8.7% were fertilizable after incubation for one hour at room temperature (23 degrees C). Longer incubations are possible but with lower efficiency of fertilization. This technique not only could facilitate androgenesis, but also might be useful when making transgenics by microinjection, when performing antibody or RNA injections before fertilization, or for studying the mechanisms of egg activation in zebrafish.
The Privacy Jungle: On the Market for Data Protection in Social Networks. (2009)

Abstract We have conducted the rst thorough analysis of the market for privacy practices and policies in online social networks. From an evaluation of 45 social networking sites using 260 criteria we nd that many popular assumptions regarding privacy and social networking need to be revisited when considering the entire ecosystem instead of only a handful of well-known sites. Contrary to the common perception of an oligopolistic market, we nd evidence of vigorous competition for new users. Despite observing many poor security practices, there is evidence that social network providers are making e orts to implement privacy enhancing technologies with substantial diversity in the amount of privacy control o ered. However, privacy is rarely used as a selling point, even then only as auxiliary, non-decisive feature. Sites also failed to promote their existing privacy controls within the site. We similarly found great diversity in the length and content of formal privacy policies, but found an opposite promotional trend: though almost all policies are not accessible to ordinary users due to obfuscating legal jargon, they conspicuously vaunt the sites &apos; privacy practices. We conclude that the market for privacy in social networks is dysfunctional in that there is signi cant variation in sites &apos; privacy controls, data collection requirements, and legal privacy policies, but this is not e ectively conveyed to users. Our empirical ndings motivate us to introduce the novel model of a privacy communication game, where the economically rational choice for a site operator is to make privacy control available to evade criticism from privacy fundamentalists, while hiding the privacy control interface and privacy policy to maximise sign-up numbers and encourage data sharing from the pragmatic majority of users. 1
Involvement of Vacuolar H+-Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in Multidrug Resistance in HL60 Cells (1991)

HL60 cells isolated for resistance to vincristine (HL60/Vinc cells) or doxorubicin (HL60/Adr cells) contain enhanced levels of an energy-dependent drug efflux pump. HL60/Vinc cells contain the drug transporter P-glycoprotein, whereas the HL60/Adr isolate does not. In the present study, we examined the possible involvement of vacuolar H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase) activity in drug resistance in HL60 cells. We utilized bafilomycin A1, an agent which selectively inhibits vacuolar H(+)-ATPase activity at low concentrations. The results showed that bafilomycin A1 induced a major increase in drug accumulation and inhibited drug efflux in both HL60/Adr cells and HL60/Vinc cells. Similar results were obtained with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa 1,3 diazole, an agent which is also capable of inhibiting vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. Azide, an inhibitor of F1F0 mitochondrial ATPase, and vanadate and ouabain, which are inhibitors of E1E2-type ATPase, did not affect drug levels in resistant cells. We also observed that bafilomycin A1 did not compete with [3H]azidopine binding to P-glycoprotein. Thus, bafilomycin A1 does not appear to function as a substrate for P-glycoprotein. These results suggest an involvement of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase activity in the pathway of drug efflux from HL60/Adr cells and HL60/Vinc cells. The mechanism of this action remains to be determined.
The structural stability of protein antigens adsorbed by aluminium hydroxide in comparison to the antigens in solutions (2007)

It is believed that antigens should be adsorbed onto adjuvants in vaccines. The adsorption‐modified structure of antigens is important to understand the mechanism of adjuvants and vaccine immunogenicity. The structural stability of antigens is of major importance. The changes in structure can be induced by degradation and/or increase of storage temperature. In this study the structural stability of two model antigens, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β ‐lactoglobulin (BLG) were compared when they were adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide and when they were in solutions using Fourier transform infrared – attenuated total reflection (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy. The structural stability of these two proteins was studied at different temperature and during storages. The present results showed that the structure of antigens can be stabilized by adsorption onto aluminium hydroxide. Non‐adsorbed protein antigens present in vaccines may facilitate the degradation of the vaccine.
Satellite Access in FPLMTS. (1996)

This thesis demonstrates why satellite access to FPLMTS will be valuable and how the UMTS Network Architecture will support satellites and their spectrally efficient channel assignment schemes. It also highlights the need for FPLMTS applications to adapt to the wide range of communication facilities available depending on their terminal’s environment and for B-ISDN to have protocols enabling this adaptation in mobile networks. Original ideas include: •Clearly defined valuable roles that satellites can play in accessing FPLMTS •Giving the FES the pivotal role of guaranteeing communications with mobile terminals in a rigidly defined geographic area •Developing the UMTS network architecture to allow network designers the freedom to implement the FES to mobile terminals communications in any way •Developing the UMTS network architecture to allow FESs to control handovers within their geographic service area in a pre-emptive way, based on predictable satellite motion and traffic distribution •A detailed study of the performance of DCA algorithms in these non-GEO satellite networks •Recognition that UMTS cannot offer 2Mbit/s service at a marketable price in all environments and that UMTS applications will have to adapt to varying grades of communication services during a call.
Effect of variation of energy minima separation on Gunn oscillations (1966)

The threshold field for Gunn Oscillations depends on the separation in energy of high- and low-mobility conduction-band minima. In GaAs this separation can be reduced by hydrostatic pressure, by uniaxial stress, or by the addition of phosphorus to form GaAs <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> . Experiments on the effect of uniaxial stress are described, and the results are compared with those previously reported for the other two methods of varying the energy separation. Under uniaxial stress the threshold field decreases rapidly with stress along a
Molecular Mechanisms for cAMP-Mediated Immunoregulation in T cells – Role of Anchored Protein Kinase A Signaling Units (2016)

The cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway is one of the most common and versatile signal pathways in eukaryotic cells. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) target PKA to specific substrates and distinct subcellular compartments providing spatial and temporal specificity for mediation of biological effects channeled through the cAMP/PKA pathway. In the immune system, cAMP is a potent negative regulator of T cell receptor-mediated activation of effector T cells (Teff) acting through a proximal PKA/Csk/Lck pathway anchored via a scaffold consisting of the AKAP Ezrin holding PKA, the linker protein EBP50, and the anchoring protein phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains holding Csk. As PKA activates Csk and Csk inhibits Lck, this pathway in response to cAMP shuts down proximal T cell activation. This immunomodulating pathway in Teff mediates clinically important responses to regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression and inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs), adrenergic stimuli, adenosine, and a number of other ligands. A major inducer of T cell cAMP levels is PG E2 (PGE2) acting through EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptors. PGE2 plays a crucial role in the normal physiological control of immune homeostasis as well as in inflammation and cancer immune evasion. Peripherally induced Tregs express cyclooxygenase-2, secrete PGE2, and elicit the immunosuppressive cAMP pathway in Teff as one tumor immune evasion mechanism. Moreover, a cAMP increase can also be induced by indirect mechanisms, such as intercellular transfer between T cells. Indeed, Treg, known to have elevated levels of intracellular cAMP, may mediate their suppressive function by transferring cAMP to Teff through gap junctions, which we speculate could also be regulated by PKA/AKAP complexes. In this review, we present an updated overview on the influence of cAMP-mediated immunoregulatory mechanisms acting through localized cAMP signaling and the therapeutical increasing prospects of AKAPs disruptors in T-cell immune function.
Antioxidants in Ginger Family (2001)

Some species belonging to the Ginger family were assayed for antioxidant activity and their active components were characterized. From the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, the most common ginger, more than 50 compounds including gingerol-related compounds and diarylheptanoids were isolated. Their antioxidant assessment was performed by various assay systems and their chemical structure-activity relationship was overviewed. Twenty-six curcuminoids were isolated from Curcuma domestica and other Curcuma species. Sane of them also showed potent activity to inhibit inflammation induced by TPA as well as antioxidant activity. The fruits of Amomum tsao-ko, one kind of cardamoms, included catechins as major active components.
Design of a High-Efficiency and High-Power Inverted Doherty Amplifier (2007)

In this paper, we present a design method for a compact inverted Doherty power amplifier (IDPA), which has high-efficiency and high-power characteristics. An optimum load matching network and an additional offset line, after the matching network of the carrier amplifier, dynamically modulate the load impedance according to the input power drive, while the conventional Doherty power amplifier uses a quarter-wave line to do it. The operational principles and design guide are provided. For experimental verification, a 50-W Doherty amplifier was designed for the pi/4 differential quadrature phase-shift keying application at the 860-MHz band. The measured performance of the IDPA was compared with that of the balanced class-AB amplifier with the same output matching network. At an output power of 50 W, the IDPA performs with 3.16 dB better adjacent channel power ratio (-28 versus -24.84 dBc) and 6.15% higher power-added efficiency (59.02 versus 52.87%) than the class-AB amplifier does.
The effect of the ferrofluid magnetic particle concentration on the thermal diffusivity (2001)

Thermal diffusivity results obtained with the collinear mirage technique, are reported for different concentrations surfacted ferrofluid and for a set of acid ferrofluids with variable pH values. The collinear mirage technique was used because the materials are semitransparent and have low thermal diffusivities. The results show that, as the ferrofluid magnetic particles concentration increases, the thermal diffusivity also increases. Their behaviour differs from that reported for ferronematics [1]. The different geometry of thermal waves propagating through the material can account for the difference.
A Si/CdTe semiconductor Compton camera (2005)

We are developing a Compton camera based on Si and CdTe semiconductor imaging devices with high energy resolution. In this paper, results from the most recent prototype are reported. The Compton camera consists of six layered double-sided Si Strip detectors and CdTe pixel detectors, which are read out with low noise analog ASICs, VA32TAs. We obtained Compton reconstructed images and spectra of line gamma-rays from 122 keV to 662 keV. The energy resolution is 9.1 keV and 14 keV at 356 keV and 511 keV, respectively.
Real-time human posture observation from a small number of joint measurements (2007)

Measuring human movement in real time is of primary importance in a number of new applications of interactive systems and human centered robotics. A major difficulty in this field arises from the high joint redundancy of the human kinematics. Conventional approaches address this problem by installing a rather large number of sensors or markers on the subject. On the other hand, well admitted theories in neurosciences claim that joint synchronization in human movements is governed by so-called synergies, that can be viewed as joint patterns corresponding to a given gesture of a given individual. In this paper, we intend to exploit this property in order to reduce the number of sensors to be installed on a human subject when tracking his/her motion. Namely, our suggested method comprizes two phases. In a learning stage, the subject is asked to complete a given gesture a few times, while he/she is equipped with sensors able to measure his/her full posture. An algorithm is thus used in a second phase to reduce the required number of sensors while reconstructing the whole posture of the subject. Experimental evidence is provided for the particular motion of sit-to-stand transfer, in a study that involves healthy subjects.