gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Various Bilateral Filtering Techniques (2015)

Noise not only deteriorates image quality but also may result in loss of important information hidden in images (i.e. medical applications). Various types of noises are available in literature such as Gaussian noise, impulse noise, mixed noise etc. In order to remove these noises from images, bilateral filters and its variants are used. This paper surveys the impact of these techniques using several performance metrics such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Time Complexity. For this purpose a simulator is designed in MATLAB to implement these techniques. The results show that Joint Bilateral Filter (JBF) technique is the best technique for removing Gaussian noise, Modified Double Bilateral Filter (MDBF) technique provides good results for removing impulse noise and Switching Bilateral Filter (SBF) technique work well for mixed noise as seen from results.
COMPARISON OF UW SOLUTION AND EURO-COLLINS SOLUTIONS FOR COLD PRESERVATION OF HUMAN LIVER GRAFTS (1990)

University of Wisconsin solution, a new organ preservation medium, is reported to extend the period of cold storage. In order to evaluate the efficacy of UW solution in human liver preservation we compared 58 donor liver grafts preserved in Euro-Collins (EC) solution. All livers were harvested in a similar manner. Donor and recipient characteristics in the two groups were comparable. The mean preservation time of the UW solution was 11.5 +/- 4.2 hr (range 3-20 hr), significantly longer than the EC mean preservation time of 4.9 +/- 1.6 hr (2-9.6 hr) (P = 0.0001). Evaluation of mean postoperative liver function tests and coagulation factors on days 1-7 showed no statistical difference between the two groups. There was one primary graft nonfunction in the EC group and none with the UW organs. Hepatic artery thrombosis was similar in each group. The incidence of early retransplantation was similar. Three-month graft survival was 81% in the UW group vs. 73% in the EC group. Patient survival at three months was 87% with the UW organs and 84% with the EC organs. We conclude that cold storage of liver grafts in the UW solution has allowed for significantly longer preservation, permitting transplantation to be performed under semielective conditions and procurement of organs from much further distances. Grafts stored in UW solution perform as well as those stored in Euro-Collins, with no significant difference in liver function abnormalities postoperatively.
Enhancing Cation Diffusion and Suppressing Anion Diffusion via Lewis-Acidic Polymer Electrolytes (2017)

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have the potential to increase both the energy density and stability of lithium-based batteries, but low Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity remains a barrier to technological viability. SPEs are designed to maximize Li<sup>+</sup> diffusivity relative to the anion while maintaining sufficient salt solubility. It is thus remarkable that poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), the most widely used SPE, exhibits Li<sup>+</sup> diffusivity that is an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical counterions at moderate salt concentrations. We show that Lewis-basic polymers like PEO favor slow cation and rapid anion diffusion, while this relationship can be reversed in Lewis-acidic polymers. Using molecular dynamics, polyboranes are identified that achieve up to 10-fold increases in Li<sup>+</sup> diffusivities and significant decreases in anion diffusivities, relative to PEO in the dilute-ion regime. These results illustrate a general principle for increasing Li<sup>+</sup> diffusivity and transference number with chemistries that exhibit weaker cation and stronger anion coordination.
Locomotion With A Unit-Modular Reconfigurable Robot (1995)

A unit-modular robot is a robot that is composed of modules that are all identical. Here we study the design and control of unit-modular dynamically reconfigurable robots. This is based upon the design and construction of a robot called Polypod. We further choose statically stable locomotion as the task domain to evaluate the design and control strategy. The result is the creation of many unique locomotion modes. To gain insight into the capabilities of robots like Polypod we examine locomotion in general by building a functional taxonomy of locomotion. We show that Polypod is capable of generating all classes of statically stable locomotion, a feature unique to Polypod. Next, we propose methods to evaluate vehicles under different operating conditions such as different terrain conditions. We then evaluate and compare each mode of locomotion on Polypod. This study leads to interesting insights into the general characteristics of the corresponding classes of locomotion. Finally, since more modules are expected to increase robot capability, it is important to examine the limit to the number of modules that can be put together in a useful form. We answer this question by investigating the issues of structural stability, actuator strength, computation and control requirements.
Register allocation in the SPUR Lisp compiler (1986)

Register allocation is an important component of most compilers, particularly those for RISC machines. The SPUR Lisp compiler uses a sophisticated, graph-coloring algorithm developed by Fredrick Chow [Chow84]. This paper describes the algorithm and the techniques used to implement it efficiently and evaluates its performance on several large programs. The allocator successfully assigned most temporaries and local variables to registers in a wide variety of functions. Its execution cost is moderate.
Computer Simulation for the Conductance of a Contact Interface (1986)

With the remarkable increase in the performance of computers, techniques of computer simulation are widely applied. A computer simulation based on the finite element method and Monte Carlo method is applied to the problem of contact, and the conductance of a global model for contact is studied. The model consists of two unit cubes and a random interface between the cubes. More specifically, the two identical uniform conducting cubes are in contact across a pair of adjacent faces through a layer of thickness 2d subdivided into N x N small subsquares of which a randomly selected area fraction f has the same conductivity as the cubes (a clean-contact state), while the remaining area.fraction (1 - f) represents zero conductivity. The conductance of this global model for contact is computed and compared with previously published results. Particularly, when N, d, and f are changed, the behavior of the global conductance is investigated and discussed. It is clearly shown that because of extreme current concentration through the contact area the conductance does not decrease until f becomes close to zero.
Effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) roots on spermatogenesis of male rats. (2001)

The Lepidium meyenii root invigorates spermatogenesis in male rats by acting on its initial stages (IX-XIV).
High-speed convolution and correlation (1966)

Cooley and Tukey have disclosed a procedure for synthesizing and analyzing Fourier series for discrete periodic complex functions. For functions of period N, where N is a power of 2, computation times are proportional to N log2 N as expressed in Eq. (0).
Comparative study of integrated current sensors in n-channel IGBTs (2002)

Three types of integrated current sensors, which are referred to as active, bipolar, and MOS sensors, are studied for 600 V n-channel IGBTs. The MOS current sensor for vertical IGBTs is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. A comparative study of current sensing characteristics such as linearity, thermal stability, and dynamic response for the three device structures is conducted based on the modeling and experimental results. The basic device physics is discussed and some guidelines are provided for the design of IGBT integrated current sensors.
Chemistry of noble metal oxides. III. Electrical transport properties and crystal chemistry of ABO2 compounds with the delafossite structure (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of noble metal oxides. III. Electrical transport properties and crystal chemistry of ABO2 compounds with the delafossite structureRobert D. Shannon, Donald Burl Rogers, Charles T. Prewitt, and Joseph L. GillsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 4, 723–727Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50098a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50098a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1929Altmetric-Citations254LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeling Prion-Like Processing of Tau Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease for Pharmaceutical Development (2017)

Following our discovery of a fragment from the repeat domain of tau protein as a structural constituent of the PHF-core in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we developed an assay that captured several key features of the aggregation process. Tau-tau binding through the core tau fragment could be blocked by the same diaminophenothiazines found to dissolve proteolytically stable PHFs isolated from AD brain. We found that the PHF-core tau fragment is inherently capable of auto-catalytic self-propagation in vitro, or "prion-like processing", that has now been demonstrated for several neurodegenerative disorders. Here we review the findings that led to the first clinical trials to test tau aggregation inhibitor therapy in AD as a way to block this cascade. Although further trials are still needed, the results to date suggest that a treatment targeting the prion-like processing of tau protein may have a role in both prevention and treatment of AD.
Batrachotoxin: Chemistry and Pharmacology (1971)

Batrachotoxin has been shown to be a pyrrolecarboxylic ester of a novel steroidal base with unique and selective actions on a variety of electrogenic membranes. The effects of batrachotoxin in neuromuscular preparations both pre- and postsynaptically, in nerve axons, in superior cervical ganglion, in heart Purkinje fibers, and in brain slices appear to be due to the selective and irreversible increase in permeability of membranes to sodium ions. The subsequent effects of this increase in Na(+) permeability evoked by batrachotoxin-such as membrane depolarization, enhanced spontaneous transmitter release, muscle contracture, and enhanced formation of cyclic AMP in brain slices-may be blocked reversibly by tetrodotoxin.
A Insulation Online Monitoring Intelligent System for HV Electrical Equipment (2004)

This paper introduces the principles and functions of insulation online monitoring intelligent system for HV electrical equipment, and analyzes the application example.
Identification of colon‐tumor‐associated antigens by T‐cell lines derived from tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral‐blood lymphocytes from patients immunized with an autologous tumor‐cell/bacillus calmette‐Guérin vaccine (1993)

Tumor immunity developing as a response to an autologous colon-tumor/bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine appears to be associated with induction of CD4+ helper T cells, implied by the observation that vaccine efficacy is associated with major histocompatibility complex class-II molecule expression on the vaccine tumor cells. Therefore, in an attempt to identify colon-tumor-associated antigens responsible for conferring immunity, we examined and compared the proliferative responses of peripheral-blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients immunized with the autologous tumor/BCG vaccine to T-cell lines cloned expanded from colon-tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to 5 antigens isolated on the basis of their reactivity by colon-tumor-reactive human monoclonal antibodies. Enzymatically dissociated colon tumors provided a source for establishment of cloned T-cell lines, tumor cell lines propagated in vitro or in vivo as nude-mouse xenografts and EBV-transformed B-cell lines used as antigen-presenting cells. Of 104 different T-cell lines tested, only 3 proliferated in response to CTAA 28A32-46K, and I to the CTAA28A32-32K antigen. In contrast, PBL from 64% of patients immunized with the autologous colon-tumor/BCG vaccine responded to the CTAA 28A32-32K antigen. This antigen is related to a family of calcium- and phospholipid-binding placental proteins termed annexins. Since proliferative responses developed to this antigen after vaccination in 64% of individuals, this antigen may be an important common colon-tumor-associated rejection antigen.
Double positive beveling: A better edge contour for high-voltage devices (1974)

A theoretical analysis is made of the field distribution near the surface of p-n-p structures with double positive edge geometry. This geometry offers in principle the possibility of avoiding the limitations and disadvantages inherent in the use of negative bevel angles. The results show that the reduction of the maximum field at the surface is not as easy as for the case of a simple positive bevel angle and that consequently the passivation of the surface may present more problems. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that this geometry offers a number of great advantages and presents a real alternative for use in future high-voltage devices. A number of devices, dimensioned for a breakdown voltage of 6 kV, were made with this edge geometry. The measurements show that the reverse current corresponds to the thermally generated current in the space-charge layer and that no significant current flows at the surface. The breakdown voltage corresponds to the theoretical breakdown voltage in the bulk, unlike in the case of double negative beveling. The advantages of this geometry with respect to the conventional negative bevel angle are no significant reduction of active area, no dependence on the doping profile, and no limitation in voltage. A disadvantage, however, is the presence of higher fields at the surface.
Mechanisms Used for Genomic Proliferation by Thermophilic Group II Introns (2010)

Mobile group II introns, which are found in bacterial and organellar genomes, are site-specific retroelements hypothesized to be evolutionary ancestors of spliceosomal introns and retrotransposons in higher organisms. Most bacteria, however, contain no more than one or a few group II introns, making it unclear how introns could have proliferated to higher copy numbers in eukaryotic genomes. An exception is the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus, which contains 28 closely related copies of a group II intron, constituting approximately 1.3% of the genome. Here, by using a combination of bioinformatics and mobility assays at different temperatures, we identified mechanisms that contribute to the proliferation of T. elongatus group II introns. These mechanisms include divergence of DNA target specificity to avoid target site saturation; adaptation of some intron-encoded reverse transcriptases to splice and mobilize multiple degenerate introns that do not encode reverse transcriptases, leading to a common splicing apparatus; and preferential insertion within other mobile introns or insertion elements, which provide new unoccupied sites in expanding non-essential DNA regions. Additionally, unlike mesophilic group II introns, the thermophilic T. elongatus introns rely on elevated temperatures to help promote DNA strand separation, enabling access to a larger number of DNA target sites by base pairing of the intron RNA, with minimal constraint from the reverse transcriptase. Our results provide insight into group II intron proliferation mechanisms and show that higher temperatures, which are thought to have prevailed on Earth during the emergence of eukaryotes, favor intron proliferation by increasing the accessibility of DNA target sites. We also identify actively mobile thermophilic introns, which may be useful for structural studies, gene targeting in thermophiles, and as a source of thermostable reverse transcriptases.
Mechanical Properties of Unidirectionally Oriented SiC‐Whisker‐Reinforced Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> Fabricated by Extrusion and Hot‐Pressing (1993)

SiC‐whisker‐reinforced Si 3 N 4 was fabricated by extrusion and hot‐pressing. A unidirectional alignment of the whiskers was achieved through sheet forming by extrusion. The degree of whisker orientation changed with the thickness of the green sheets. Unidirectionally oriented whiskers increased fracture strength and toughness compared to samples with more randomly oriented whiskers. Anisotropy of fracture strength was observed. Bridging by whiskers impeded crack propagation when the whisker orientation was perpendicular to the crack plane.
New Glycosides from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. Var. <i>acuminatum</i>. Isolation, Structure Determination, and Biological Activity (2001)

Investigation of polar extracts from ripe fruits of Capsicum annuum L. var. acuminatum yielded three new glycosides, capsosides A (1) and B (2) and capsianoside VII (3), along with seven known compounds (4-10). The chemical structures were elucidated mainly by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance methods and mass spectrometry, and the biological activities of icariside E(5) (4) were tested by different assays. Icariside E(5), in contrast to capsaicin, neither induces an increase in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species nor affects the mitochondria permeability transition, and it does not signal through the vanilloid receptor type 1. Interestingly, this compound protects Jurkat cells from apoptosis induced by the oxidative stress mediated by serum withdrawal. These results suggest that icariside E(5) may have antioxidant properties that strengthen the importance of peppers in the Mediterranean diet.
Convection Enhanced Drug Delivery of Novel Therapeutic Agents to Malignant Brain Tumors (2007)

In spite of conventional treatment modalities which include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the survival rates for patients with malignant gliomas remain disappointing. Successful treatment has been limited by difficulties in delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). Specifically, drug penetration of the blood brain barrier (BBB) poses a unique and challenging problem in glioma therapy. Recently, however, promising techniques have emerged to circumvent this problem. One such advancement is convection-enhanced delivery (CED). This method was originally introduced and refined in the early 1990s by researchers at the National Institute of Health (NIH) and involves drug infusion under high pressure using intracranial catheters. CED allows for delivery of high concentrations of therapeutic agents directly into brain tumors and surrounding parenchyma. This method eludes the BBB and allows the use of regional drug therapy, while at the same time limiting systemic toxicity. In the present article, we review both the pre-clinical and clinical studies concerning CED. We also discuss future directions and the potential impact of this modality on the treatment of malignant gliomas.
Transdifferentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells to Macrophage-Like Cells During Atherogenesis (2014)

This study provides strong in vivo evidence for smooth muscle-to-macrophage transdifferentiation and supports an important role of SMC plasticity in atherogenesis. Targeting this type of SMC phenotypic conversion might be a novel strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis, as well as other diseases with a smooth muscle component.
Various Seed Insects (1979)

Abstract Acacia saligna, Eurytoms sp.; Amorphafructicosa, Acanthoscelidescollosus (Fall); Betuja spp.; Oligotrophusbetulae (Winnertz); Caraganaarborescens, Bruchophaguscaraganae (Nikolskaya); Casuarinaequisetifolia, Bootanomyiaorientalis Mathur and Hussey; Cedrusdeodara, Torymus sp.; Crataegusmonogyna; Crataegusoxycantha, Torymusvariana (Walker); Lonicaratatarica, Rhagoletiscerani (Linnaeus); Malusfloribunda, TorymusPvarians (Walker); Prunusavium, Furcipusrectirostris (Linnaeus); Prunusserctina, Rhynchitea sp.; Apple: Malus sp., Phagoletispomonella (Walsh); Faba beans: Viciafaba, Bruchusrufimanus Boheman; Kudzu: Puerarialobata, Callosobruchusademptis (Sharp); Lentils: Lensculinaris, Bruchussignaticornis Gyllenhal.
CoCoNet : towards coast to coast networks of marine protected areas (from the shore to the high and deep sea), coupled with sea-based wind energy potential (2016)

This volume contains the main results of the EC FP7 “The Ocean of Tomorrow” Project CoCoNet, divided in two\nsections: 1) a set of guidelines to design networks of Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and the Black Seas;\n2) a smart wind chart that will allow evaluating the possibility of installing Offshore Wind Farms in both seas. The\nconcept of Cells of Ecosystem Functioning, based on connectivity, is introduced to define natural units of management\nand conservation. The definition of Good Environmental Status, as defined in the Marine Strategy Framework\nDirective, is fully embraced to set the objectives of the project, by adopting a holistic approach that integrates a full set\nof disciplines, ranging from physics to bio-ecology, economics, engineering and many sub-disciplines. The CoCoNet\nConsortium involved scientists from 22 states, based in Africa, Asia, and Europe, contributing to build a coherent\nscientific community.
Selection and characterization of RNAs that relieve transcriptional interference in Escherichia coli (1998)

Oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation offers a method for duplex DNA recognition, and has been proposed as an approach to the rational design of gene-specific repressors. Indeed, certain RNA and DNA oligonucleotides have previously been shown to bind duplex DNA and repress in vitro transcription by occluding the binding of transcription factors or RNA polymerase at target genes. While similar oligonucleotides have reportedly caused repression of target genes in cultured cells, physical evidence of triple helix formation in vivo is generally lacking. In the present study we wished to determine whether RNA transcripts could repress the activity of an Escherichia coli promoter in vivo by binding to the duplex promoter DNA. An in vivo genetic selection previously developed to identify DNA binding proteins was modified for this purpose. Using expression libraries encoding RNAs predisposed to forming triple helices with a DNA target site, we have selected RNA transcripts that confer survival to E.coli by disrupting transcriptional interference. Surprisingly, genetic and biochemical evidence shows that these RNAs do not form triple helices at the target promoter in vivo , despite the fact that they contain sequences capable of forming triple helices at the duplex DNA target in vitro . Rather, the selected RNAs appear to disrupt transcriptional interference via an antisense mechanism.