gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potent inhibition of thymidylate synthase by two series of nonclassical quinazolines (1990)

The synthesis and biological activity of two series of nonclassical thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors are described. The first is a series of 10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid derivatives (10a-j) and the second is a series of the analogous 2-desamino derivatives (13a-c,k), both bearing a more lipophilic substituent on the phenyl ring than the CO-glutamate of classical antifolates. Compounds 10a-j were prepared in a straightforward manner, generally by treatment of N-[6-(bromomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-2-quinazolinyl]-2,2-dimethylprop anamide (6) with various phenyl-substituted N-propargylanilines (8), followed by deprotection. Compounds 13a-c,k were prepared similarly from [6-(bromomethyl)-4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazolinyl] methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate (11). The compounds were tested for inhibition of purified L1210 TS and for inhibition of L1210 cell growth in vitro. Several of these nonclassical analogues approached the TS inhibitory potency of 10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (1, CB3717), a glutamate-containing TS inhibitor. 2-Amino target compounds 10a-j were generally potent inhibitors of L1210 TS, with IC50s within the range of 0.51-11.5 microM, compared to 0.05 microM for 1. The order of potency for phenyl substitution at the 4-position in this series was the following: COCF3 greater than or equal to NO2 greater than or equal to CONH2 greater than or equal to COCH3 greater than SO2NMe2 greater than CN much greater than OCF3 greater than or equal to F. The 2-desamino target compounds 13a-c,k also exhibited significant, although diminished, TS inhibition. Both series were growth inhibitory to cells in tissue culture and this inhibition could be reversed by thymidine alone, indicating that the primary target was TS. None of the compounds was a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. These studies indicate that the presence of the glutamate moiety in folate analogues is not an absolute requirement for potent inhibition of TS.
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry to detect additives and contaminants in insulating oils (1998)

Over the past ten years, the development of IR has evolved dramatically with the development of analog to digital converters, signal treatment, dedicated computers, etc. This paper shows that FT-IR is useful for the detection of additives or undesirable impurities at low content (<100 ppm) without preliminary extraction by using a spectra accumulation technique combined with a spectra subtraction technique in conjunction with a collection of pure compound spectra as a database. The detection limit in comparison to classical IR analysis is reduced by approximately a factor of seven by an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio.
Error analysis of single channel switched DF receivers for non-zero-bandwidth signals (2018)

For direction finding systems, if the bandwidth of the signal is within a certain criterion, the narrowband assumption can provide sufficient analytical accuracy for most situations. However, for the analysis of systems with high SNR and/or high sensitivity, the narrowband assumption can not provide sufficient detail. Furthermore, if the DF system has a switched receiver architecture, the performance of the system is greatly affected by the signal bandwidth rather than the SNR. In this study, for signal with non-zero bandwidth, direction finding performance of the switched receivers was analyzed. Analysis results were compared with the analyzes made using narrowband assumption and supported by the simulation results.
Corrosion Fatigue: Mechanics, Metallurgy, Electrochemistry, and Engineering (1983)

Description This publication presents research data covering corrosion and fracture mechanics of metals, primarily steel, aluminum, and titanium. The papers presented are primarily research in nature although several papers deal with application technology. The papers address: mechanics and basic metal characteristics, the effects of the environments of metals and crack initiation and propagation, engineering design considerations, and electrochemical considerations.
The lupus anticoagulant (1976)

The clinical and laboratory experience with the lupus anticoagulant was reviewed in 37 patients. The anti-coagulant is thought to act by blocking the activation of prothrombin by the prothrombin activator comlex of factors Xa, V, and phospholipid. Although the anticoagulant has been principally associated with diseases of immune origin, 14 of the present patients had disorders not thought to be immune in nature. Eighteen patients underwent twenty-one operative procedures with only a single episode of excessive bleeding. In the author's experience, the lupus anticoagulant is a rare cause of bleeding.
Janus-Faced Tumor Microenvironment and Redox (2014)

Normalizing the TME redox parameters may decrease the selection pressure for malignant phenotypes, therefore providing a tool for TME-targeted anticancer therapy.
Effects of Second Phase Morphology on RetainedAustenite Morphology and Tensile Properties in a TRIP-aided Dual-phase Steel Sheet. (1993)

Therelationship betweensecond phasemorphologyand retained austenite morphologyand the influences of these two kinds of morpho[ogy on tensile properties of a 0.1 7C-1 .41 Si=2.00Mn (masso/o) TRIP-aided dual-phase steel have been investigated in a temperature range between 20 and 400"C.
Occurrence of potential cruciform and H-DNA forming sequences in genomic DNA (1995)

We have used computer-assisted methods to search large amounts of the human, yeast and Escherichia coli genomes for inverted repeat (IR) and mirror repeat (MR) DNA sequence patterns. In highly supercoiled DNA some IRs can form cruciforms, while some MRs can form intramolecular triplexes, or H-DNA. We find that total IR and MR sequences are highly enriched in both eukaryotic genomes. In E. coli, however, only total IRs are enriched, while total MRs only occur as frequently as in random sequence DNA. We then used a set of experimentally derived criteria to predict which of the total IRs and MRs are most likely to form cruciforms or H-DNA in supercoiled DNA. We show that strong cruciform forming sequences occur at a relatively high frequency in yeast (1/19 700 bp) and humans (1/41 800 bp), but that H-DNA forming sequences are abundant only in humans (1/49 400 bp). Strong cruciform and H-DNA forming sequences are not abundant in the E.coli genome. These results suggest that cruciforms and H-DNA may have a functional role in eukaryotes, but probably not prokaryotes.
Modeling Managerial Behavior: Misperceptions of Feedback in a Dynamic Decision Making Experiment (1989)

Studies in the psychology of individual choice have identified numerous cognitive and other bounds on human rationality, often producing systematic errors and biases. Yet for the most part models of aggregate phenomena in management science and economics are not consistent with such micro-empirical knowledge of individual decision-making. One explanation has been the difficulty of extending the experimental methods used to study individual decisions to aggregate, dynamic settings. This paper reports an experiment on the generation of macrodynamics from microstructure in a common managerial context. Subjects manage a simulated inventory distribution system which contains multiple actors, feedbacks, nonlinearities, and time delays. The interaction of individual decisions with the structure of the simulated firm produces aggregate dynamics which systematically diverge from optimal behavior. An anchoring and adjustment heuristic for stock management is proposed as a model of the subjects' decision processes. Econometric tests show the rule explains the subjects' behavior well. The estimation results identify several ‘misperceptions of feedback’ which account for the poor performance of the subjects. In particular, subjects are shown to be insensitive to the feedbacks from their decisions to the environment. Finally, the generality of the results is considered and implications for behavioral theories of aggregate social and economic dynamics are explored.
Polyaniline compounds. II. The linear oligoaniline derivatives tri‐, tetra‐, and hexaanilinobenzene and their conductive complexes (1968)

Abstract Oligomeric oligoaniline derivatives of diethyl Δ 1,4 ‐dihydroterephthalate (V–VIb–d) of diethyl terephthalate (VIIb–d) and linear oligoanilines (Ib–d) were synthesized. Ultraviolet spectra and polarographic half‐wave potentials corresponding to the first degree of oxidation of linear oligoanilines of type (I) were studied, their iodine complexes prepared, and their electric and magnetic properties studied. Increase of chain length of the base causes increase of λ max of ultraviolet bands, decrease of ionization potential, and increase of electric conductivity of iodine complexes in solid state. The properties of the five‐membered oligomer (Ic) differ only slightly from analogous properties of the seven‐membered oligomer (Id); the same holds in the case of their iodine complexes. Such substances may be regarded as in some respects models of a linear polyaniline polymer or its complexes.
Instruction scheduling and executable editing (2002)

Modern microprocessors offer more instruction-level parallelism than most programs and compilers can currently exploit. The resulting disparity between a machine's peak and actual performance, while frustrating for computer architects and chip manufacturers, opens the exciting possibility of low-cost instrumentation for measurement, simulation, or emulation. Instrumentation code that executes in previously unused processor cycles is effectively hidden. On two superscalar SPARC processors, a simple, local scheduler hid an average of 13% of the overhead cost of profiling instrumentation in the SPECINT benchmarks and an average of 33% of the profiling cost in the SPECFP benchmarks.
The AQ18 System for Machine Learning and Data Mining System: An Implementation and User's Guide (2000)

This report is a comprehensive user's guide for AQ18, an environment for natural induction, machine learning and knowledge discovery. By natural induction is meant a form of inductive inference which strives to induce data descriptions that are most natural and comprehensible to people. This feature is achieved by employing a highly expressive description language (attributional calculus). Along with a learning for determining attributional rulesets from examples, or for incrementally improving the previously learned rulesets through new examples, AQ18 also incorporates a ruleset testing module (ATEST) and a module for selecting the best attributes for a given learning problem (PROMISE).
Age-Dependent Effects of the Onset of a Conductive Hearing Loss on the Volume of the Cochlear Nucleus Subdivisions and the Expression of c- fos in the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (1997)

A monaural conductive hearing loss was induced by interrupting the chain of the middle ear ossicles on the right side in gerbils of four different age groups (P12-14, P20-21, P42 and P84). The volumes of the cochlear nucleus subdivisions and the number of cells that expressed immunoreactivity for c-fos after noise stimulation were determined on the left and right side in the deprived animals, and in undeprived control animals when they reached the age of 6 months. The anteroventral cochlear nucleus on the deprived side was reduced in volume when the deprivation started before the age of 3 months. The other cochlear nucleus subdivisions showed no systematic age-dependent reductions. The expression of c-fos in the dorsal cochlear nucleus appeared more resistant to a hearing loss, with deprivation being more effective in younger animals. c-fos expression was also dramatically reduced in the ventral cochlear nucleus, regardless of age at the onset of hearing loss.
Laser-induced oxidation of Zn and Zn alloy films for direct-write grayscale photomasks (2006)

Previous research showed that bimetallic Bi/In and Sn/In films exhibit good grayscale levels after laser exposure due to controlled film oxidation. While giving a large alteration in optical density (OD) from 3.0OD to 0.22OD at 365 nm, Bi/In and Sn/In films show a very nonlinear OD change with laser power, making fine control of grayscale writing difficult at some gray levels. This paper studies Zn and Zn alloy films as possible candidates for improved direct-write grayscale photomask applications. Zn and Zn alloys laser oxidation have been reported previously, but without grayscale optical measurements and applications. In this paper Zn films (50 nm ~ 240 nm), Sn/Zn (100 nm), Al/Zn (100 nm), Bi/Zn (100 nm) and In/Zn (100 nm) were DC- and RF-sputtered onto glass slides and then were scanned by argon ion CW laser (488 nm). Among these films, the highest OD change, 3OD (from 3.2OD before exposure to 0.2OD after laser exposure) at 365 nm, was found in the In/Zn (25/75 nm or 84at% Zn) film. The characterization of grayscale level to laser power modulation in Zn and Zn alloy films with various thickness or composition ratios were investigated. The Zn OD change versus laser power curve is more linear than those of Sn/In and Bi/In films. In/Zn films have better characterization of grayscale level versus laser writing power than pure Zn film. Among these four Zn alloy films, Zn/Al shows most linear relation of OD at 365 nm to laser power modulation.
Novel process for the simultaneous extraction and degumming of banana fibers under solid-state cultivation (2008)

Various process parameters for the production of polygalacturonase by Streptomyces lydicus under solid-state fermentation were optimized. The optimum particle size of wheat bran for polygalacturonase production was in the range of 500-1000 µm. Initial moisture content of 70% was found to be the optimum for enzyme production. The most suitable inoculum size was 1.25 x 10(5) CFU/mL and the optimum incubation temperature was 30ºC. Addition of carbon sources resulted in 37% increase in enzyme yield (425 U/g), whereas no significant enhancement was obtained on nitrogen supplementation. Maximum enzyme yield was recorded at 72 h. When compared to the initial production medium (108.5 U/g), the enzyme yield was 3.9 fold after optimization. Solid-state fermentation was effectively employed to develop a novel process for the simultaneous extraction and degumming of banana fibers. Streptomyces lydicus was allowed to grow on wheat bran medium in which banana leaf sheath pieces were incorporated and the fiber bundles were separated after a two-step fermentative process.
Synthesis of Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotides with a Stretched Phosphodiester Backbone (1994)

Abstract Total synthesis of novel DMT-phosphoramidites of thymidine (11 and 15) and 2′-deoxyguanosine (8 and 20) have been accomplished. The utility of these modified building blocks in the preparation of triple helix forming oligodeoxyribonucleotides with a stretched phosphodiester backbone has been evaluated. It was found that the oligonucleotides with extended backbones were unable to enhance the binding to duplex targets containing CG or TA base pairs.
Time-series analysis of diffusion interferometry data and its application to Bayesian inversion of synthetic borehole pressure data (2013)

ABSTRACT Interferometry methods in exploration geophysics are premised on a powerful theoretical foundation in which the ambient noise observed at discrete locations can be manipulated through either crosscorrelation or convolution to yield the response of a virtual “active source” experiment (i.e., the empirical Green’s function, abbreviated as EGF) without the actual deployment of physical sources. Sources of the ambient background may be either naturally occurring or engineered. Regardless, the theory for diffusive systems requires them to be volumetrically distributed over an infinite domain. The central question is then, “What region for the ambient sources matters most for good EGF estimation?” Here, we build on previous work in frequency domain EGF estimation by extending the analysis to the time domain where the broadband response is driven by the continuum of diffusive length scales therein. Analysis of the double half-space diffusion model (simulating a lithologic contact) demonstrates that sources between the two receiver locations have the most impact on EGF accuracy, and that when either of the receivers is close to the lithologic contact, the sources must also extend more deeply, into the high-diffusivity side to maintain accuracy. We further examine the suitability for inversion of EGF signals built with the limited and finite ambient source distributions expected in actual exploration scenarios. One-dimensional Bayesian inversion of singlewell and crosswell configurations of a three-layered system simulating a reservoir layer between two impermeable layers revealed that transient EGF signals were reliably invertible when sources were constrained to the middle reservoir layer. In production monitoring settings, natural sources originating from pumping and subsequent flow-related physics (pressure diffusion, electrochemical and seismoelectric effects, etc.), this result suggests that EGF signals may be a useful measure of reservoir properties.
Clinical Aspects of Itch: Psoriasis (2014)

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease affecting about 1% to 3% of the Caucasian population and slightly less frequently occurring also in other races. The most common variant of psoriasis, namely, plaque-type psoriasis, is clinically characterized by the presence of well-demarcated papules and plaques covered by silvery scales, which classically demonstrate symmetric distribution involving most commonly scalp, sacral area, and extensor surfaces of elbows and knees (Figure 4.1). Less often skin lesions may occur within the flexures and on the face. Other clinical subtypes include guttate, erythrodermic, and generalized or localized pustular psoriasis. Many patients (up to 80%) have nail abnormalities, and some of them (about 5%–30%) develop psoriatic arthritis. The disease may occur at any age, but two peaks of morbidity can be observed: the first one between 20 and 30 years of age, and the second one between 50 and 60 years of age (van de Kerkhof 2003). The pathogenesis of psoriasis is still not completely understood. The genetic background seems to be the most important factor, and many genes have been identified to predispose to this skin disease so far (van de Kerkhof 2003; Reich and Szepietowski 2007). However, environmental factors like infections, stress, some drugs, smoking, or alcohol also play a role. Altogether, genetic and extrinsic factors lead to abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, cutaneous inflammation, and skin vessel disturbances finally resulting in clinical features of psoriasis (Reich and Szepietowski 2007).
Cell and tumor classification using gene expression data: Construction of forests (2003)

The advent of gene chips has led to a promising technology for cell, tumor, and cancer classification. We exploit and expand the methodology of recursive partitioning trees for tumor and cell classification from microarray gene expression data. To improve classification and prediction accuracy, we introduce a deterministic procedure to form forests of classification trees and compare their performance with extant alternatives. When two published and commonly used data sets are used, we find that the deterministic forests perform similarly to the random forests in terms of the error rate obtained from the leave-one-out procedure, and all of the forests are far better than the single trees. In addition, we provide graphical presentations to facilitate interpretation of complex forests and compare our findings with the current biological literature. In addition to numerical improvement, the main advantage of deterministic forests is reproducibility and scientific interpretability of all steps in tree construction.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Logistics Applications (2011)

Abstract : This project evaluated 10 potential logistics applications for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to determine whether they are technically feasible, operationally feasible, and more cost-effective than other options. The study concentrated on the following: reconnaissance and surveillance tasks to secure logistics convoys through overwatch with UAS; route reconnaissance looking for hazards that might endanger logistics convoys; and surveillance of pipelines, electrical lines, rivers, supply depots, disaster scenes, and predeployment theater reconnaissance. The study also examined the potential for using UAS to locate airdropped cargo that misses the drop zone and to retrograde critical unserviceable items expeditiously. We used a combination of Army data, interviews, and prior research to compile information for analysis. The research team made use of Combined Information Data Network Exchange (CIDNE) and FusionNet databases to sample the frequency and intensity of enemy attacks on logistics convoys and assets. We drew on recent research at RAND for insights into installation and pipeline security, the improvised explosive device (IED) problem, and the optimal employment of UAS. We interviewed Army personnel recently returned from operational theaters with practical experience in logistics operations, and we also interviewed civilian contractors tasked with the security of pipelines and electrical lines in Iraq to understand those tasks more fully. Based upon the available data and our best efforts to understand current threats, we made estimates to help us determine which UAS applications are likely feasible and infeasible, beneficial and not, and cost-effective. The study also examines six factors to consider that influence the use of a UAS-based solution: cost; terrain; enemy tactics, techniques, and procedures; the value of damage or loss that could be avoided by using UAS; weather; and bandwidth.
A method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of cholic acid and desoxycholic acid (1952)

Abstract The application of an ultraviolet absorption method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of cholic acid and desoxycholic acid to human blood plasma or serum has been presented. Recoveries of 85 ± 5 per cent for cholic acid and 77 ± 5 per cent for desoxycholic acid were obtained. The mean desoxycholic acid level was 35 mg. per 100 ml. in 55 healthy nonfasting male subjects and 42 mg. per 100 ml. in 42 healthy nonfasting female subjects. Clinical cases with biliary tract obstruction had a mean desoxycholic acid level of 58 mg. per 100 ml. for six male patients and 87 mg. per 100 ml. for ten female patients. Clinical subjects with cirrhosis of the liver had a mean desoxycholic acid level of 17 mg. per 100 ml. for 14 male patients and 21 mg. per 100 ml. for 5 female patients. Cholic acid was not detected in human plasma or serum in either healthy or clinical subjects. Further work on clinical cases is in progress in the hope of establishing conclusive correlations between bile acid analysis of the bile and bile acid concentrations of the blood. Such evidence would prove of value in using blood level concentrations in clinical diagnostic and prognostic studies.