gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Single Fixed Dosing and Weight‐Based Dosing of Rasburicase for Tumor Lysis Syndrome (2013)

Study Objective To evaluate single fixed dosing versus weight‐based dosing strategies for rasburicase to determine the minimum dose required to mitigate hyperuricemia in the treatment or prevention of tumor lysis syndrome. Design Retrospective medical record review Setting Academic medical center Patients A total of 373 patients with a diagnosis of a hematologic malignancy or solid tumor and who received at least one dose of rasburicase over a 6‐year period between J anuary 1, 2005, and F ebruary 18, 2011; 180 patients received single doses of 3 mg (38 patients), 6 mg (99 patients), or 7.5 mg (43 patients), and 193 patients received weight‐based dosing. Measurements and Main Results Tumor lysis syndrome laboratory data were recorded at baseline and monitored up to 72 hours after initial rasburicase administration. Median baseline plasma uric acid levels were 6.85 mg/dl, 8.80 mg/dl, 8.00 mg/dl, and 9.20 mg/dl, respectively, in the 3‐mg, 6‐mg, 7.5‐mg, and weight‐based dosing groups. Treatment success was defined as a normalized plasma uric acid level (< 7.5 mg/dl) within 24 hours after receiving rasburicase. The mean weight‐based dose was 0.16 mg/kg. Six rasburicase treatment failures occurred; two were in the 3‐mg group, one was in the 6‐mg group, and three were in the weight‐based dosing group. At 24 hours after rasburicase administration, no statistically significant differences in treatment success were noted among groups (92.9% vs 97.6% vs 100.0% vs 98.0% in the 3‐mg, 6‐mg, 7.5‐mg, and weight‐based dosing groups, respectively, p=0.1238). Conclusion The efficacy of all single fixed doses and weight‐based dosing strategies evaluated in this study appear to be comparable in normalizing plasma uric acid levels within 24 hours of rasburicase administration. Although use of a 3‐mg rasburicase dose may be the most cost‐effective treatment strategy in managing hyperuricemia secondary to tumor lysis syndrome, the 6‐mg dose resulted in lower sustained uric acid levels after rasburicase administration. Further analysis of patient specific factors contributing to the need for repeat rasburicase administration should be conducted in larger, prospective clinical trials.
Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes (2008)

Despite its pleiotropic nature, GSK-3 has significant promise as a target for diabetes due to functional partitioning of the enzyme, tissue-selectivity and acute dosage-dependency of effects of inhibition, suggesting useful therapeutic windows.
Frequency control improvement in an autonomous power system: An application of virtual synchronous machines (2011)

This work addressed the problem of frequency control improvement in a 3φ/400V/50Hz autonomous power system, consisting of two diesel generators of 26kW nominal power, a fixed-speed wind generator of 20kW nominal power, two resistive loads of 20kW each, and an energy storage system consisting of a voltage source converter (VSC) with a 1000V dc-bus voltage. The model of the system was developed in Simulink-SimPowerSystems library. Simulations were conducted for a wind speed profile of 20s and considering the connection of the wind generator, and connection/disconnection of one resistive load. Frequency excursions of O.lpu were observed in simulations when the system operates with only one genset. To support frequency control, a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) was proposed as a solution. To implement the VSM, the line currents of the VSC were controlled by the technique of input-output linearization. The reference for the q-axis was set to zero and the reference for the d-axis current was used to implement the VSM. For the testing conditions mentioned before, the VSM was capable of emulate the inertial response and the prime mover of the disconnected genset. It is also possible to have a better performance since parameters like the inertia of the VSM can be easily adjusted.
Group B Streptococcus meningitis. (2013)

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter reviews the current understanding of the physiopathology of group B streptococcal (GBS) meningitis, highlighting important bacterial virulence factors and host interactions that promote disease progression. The relationship between bacteraemia and the development of GBS meningitis, and the mechanisms of GBS immune evasion, GBS invasion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and GBS activation of the central nervous system's inflammatory response are discussed.
Dendritic growth (1994)

Dendritic structures are the predominant microstructural constituents of solidified alloys. The microstructural scales of dendrites, such as primary and secondary arm spacings, control the segregation pattern that largely determines the properties of the material. Within the past decade significant developments in understanding of dendritic structures have evolved through rigorous theoretical models and critical experimental studies in well characterised systems. These studies have resulted in the establishment of the criterion by which dendrite tip radius is selected under given experimental conditions. Furthermore, during the past decade, important advances have been made in predicting microstructural features that develop under rapid solidification conditions, and some key experimental studies have also been carried out to examine these microstructures. These studies have shown that the non-equilibrium conditions at the interface influence significantly the characteristics of dendrites formed under rapid solidification conditions. In this review the current status of dendritic growth phenomena are examined and critically assessed and key areas for the future directions of dendritic growth studies are suggested.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans from γ-Hydroxy Terminal Alkenes:  Scope, Limitations, and Stereoselectivity (2005)

A new, stereoselective synthesis of substituted tetrahydrofurans via Pd-catalyzed reactions of aryl and vinyl bromides with gamma-hydroxy terminal alkenes is described. This transformation affords trans-2,5- and trans-2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans with up to >20:1 dr. This methodology also provides access to bicyclic and spirocyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives in good yield with 10-20:1 dr. The scope and limitations of these transformations are discussed in detail, as are the effect of substrate sterics and electronics on yield and stereoselectivity. A proposed mechanism of these transformations is presented along with a model that rationalizes the stereochemical outcome of the reactions.
Magnetic materials in design and construction of electrical motors (2002)

Electromechanical steels, currently used in the manufacture of electrical machines possess high induction of magnetic saturation (Bs/spl sim/2T), low coercive force (Hc<100 A/m), and they are characterised by low total losses P (1,5/50)=1-3 W/kg. The soft magnetic composite materials are characterised by their high losses (7-10 W/kg), due to the vortex flow, stimulated by the absence of interfaces between the magnetic circuit components. In the case of polymeric bound materials, the losses due to mixing are of the order 5-8 W/kg. To gain maximum benefit from the manufacturing of small electrical machines by using soft magnetic material, it is important to choose the suitable material for every application. Excellent high frequency performance, a similar average performance for several types of electrical machines, and an important cut in the manufacturing expense (material loss, simple technology) are the main characteristics for a soft magnetic material core made electrical motor. The paper presents the comparison between two single-phase motors, with a magnetic core manufactured with laminated steels, and soft magnetic composite materials respectively. The geometrical dimensions are identical.
Electromechanical Properties of Transparent Conducting Substrates for Flexible Electronic Displays (2005)

As opto-electronic devices become flexible, the designing of reliable devices becomes more challenging. In this paper, we focus on the degradation of flexible transparent anodes by mechanical and thermal stresses. Indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) is susceptible to cracking at low strains (<2%), but has excellent electrical and optical characteristics. Conducting polymers, such as polyethylene dioxythiophene doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), have good mechanical properties, but are severely degraded by temperature, and have inferior optical and electronic properties. We have developed a mandrel-bending automated test system to evaluate the degradation of flexible anodes in service, and find that even when the strain is below the virgin cracking threshold, there are measurable changes in ITO resistance. Cyclic loading of ITO-coated PET shows three regimes of resistance increase: 1) an increase in resistance, due to changes in sample dimension until equilibrium width is obtained (50-100 cycles); 2) a gradual linear increase in resistance, possibly due to cracking of ITO; and 3) a catastrophic failure after 50 000 cycles due to severe cracking. For PEDOT:PSS-coated PET, the resistance does not increase significantly with increasing tensile strain, and it is also less susceptible to damage from repeated bending.
Inferring method specifications from natural language API descriptions (2012)

Application Programming Interface (API) documents are a typical way of describing legal usage of reusable software libraries, thus facilitating software reuse. However, even with such documents, developers often overlook some documents and build software systems that are inconsistent with the legal usage of those libraries. Existing software verification tools require formal specifications (such as code contracts), and therefore cannot directly verify the legal usage described in natural language text of API documents against the code using that library. However, in practice, most libraries do not come with formal specifications, thus hindering tool-based verification. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach to infer formal specifications from natural language text of API documents. Our evaluation results show that our approach achieves an average of 92% precision and 93% recall in identifying sentences that describe code contracts from more than 2500 sentences of API documents. Furthermore, our results show that our approach has an average 83% accuracy in inferring specifications from over 1600 sentences describing code contracts.
Lovastatin inhibits Rho‐regulated expression of E‐selectin by TNF‐α and attenuates tumor cell adhesion (2003)

E-selectin mediated cell-cell adhesion plays an important role in inflammatory processes and extravasation of tumor cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces E-selectin gene and protein expression in primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in an endothelial cell line (EA.hy-926). As shown by ELISA and FACS analyses, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (e.g., lovastatin) impair the TNF-alpha stimulated increase in E-selectin protein expression. Similar results were obtained for E-selectin mRNA expression and promoter activity, indicating that the effect of lovastatin is based on inhibition of gene expression. The effective inhibitory concentration of lovastatin was in a physiologically relevant range (IC50<0.1 microM). Lovastatin-mediated block of TNF-alpha induced E-selectin expression is due to inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation rather than farnesylation. Down-regulation of Rho signaling by coexpression of dominant-negative Rho mutants (i.e RhoA, RhoB and Rac) impaired TNF-alpha driven E-selectin gene expression, indicating Rho signaling to be essential for transcriptional activation of the E-selectin gene. Inhibition of E-selectin expression by lovastatin gives rise to a significant reduction in TNF-alpha stimulated adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to HUVEC. Furthermore, low concentration of lovastatin (i.e., < or =1 microM) attenuated TNF-alpha induced tumor cell invasion in vitro. The data support the view that statins might be clinically useful in protection against E-selectin mediated metastasis.
Linear sparse array synthesis via convex optimization (2010)

Due to the constraint on half-wavelength inter-element spacing of a uniformly spaced array, sparse arrays are usually designed to be non-uniformly spaced. Through proper design, unequally-spaced sparse arrays can have higher spatial resolution, lower sidelobe and less number of sensors required in comparison with uniformly spaced arrays. However, the synthesis of a sparse array is a non-convex process as the array beampattern is an exponential or trigonometric function of sensor positions. In this paper, we propose a synthesis scheme, where the design of sparse arrays is formulated as a convex optimization problem. The array weights are optimized to achieve minimum Peak Sidelobe Level (PSL) as well as maximizing the sparsity of the array by optimizing an objective function that includes two terms, one measures the PSL and the other measures the sparsity of array. Sparse array is then obtained by removing those sensors with weights approximately equal to zero. The proposed design scheme eliminates the need of optimization according to sensor positions, which consequently solves the problem in non-convex optimization that cannot guarantee to find the optimum solution with reasonable computation time. Numerical studies show that it can be successfully applied to sparse array synthesis with low computational complexity. Moreover, lower PSL and higher resolution of mainlobe can be achieved in comparison with a uniformly spaced array.
Supply and threshold-Voltage trends for scaled logic and SRAM MOSFETs (2006)

The authors show new guidelines for V/sub dd/ and threshold voltage (V/sub th/) scaling for both the logic blocks and the high-density SRAM cells from low power-dissipation viewpoint. For the logic operation, they have estimated the power and the speed for inverter gates with a fanout=3. They find that the optimum V/sub dd/ is very sensitive to switching activity in addition to the operation frequency. They propose to integrate two sets of transistors having different V/sub dd/s on a chip. In portions of the chip with high frequency or high switching activity, the use of H transistors in which V/sub dd/ and V/sub th/ are moderately scaled is helpful. On the other hand, in low switching activity blocks or relatively low frequency portions, the use of L transistors in which V/sub dd/ should be kept around 1-1.2 V is advantageous. A combination of H and L is beneficial to suppress power consumption in the future. They have investigated the yield of SRAM arrays to study the optimum V/sub dd/ for SRAM operation. In high-density SRAM, low V/sub th/ causes yield loss and an area penalty because of low static noise margin and high bit leakage especially at high temperature operation. V/sub th/ should be kept around 0.3-0.4 V from an area size viewpoint. The minimum V/sub dd/ for SRAM operation is found to be 0.7 V in this study. It is also found that the supply voltage for SRAM cannot be scaled continuously.
Hybrid fuzzy-Boolean automata for ontological controllers (2002)

This paper introduces a hybrid fuzzy-Boolean finite state machine (HFB FSM) model for ontological control. Ontological control is a novel type supervisory control that deals with the problems of error detection and recovery in complex control systems. The HFB FSM is used as a specification method for the problem of recovery when an autonomous control system encounters unexpected changes in its environment. The method allows a controller B (the ontological controller) to trigger a recovery operation on controller A when B has the recovery specification of A. The approach has important potential applications in industry.
Large‐scale expression and purification of active pseudolysin in Escherichia coli (2013)

Pseudolysin, the extracellular elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a member of the thermolysin‐like family of proteases. Pseudolysin has been identified as a key virulence factor in pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections due to its proteolytic activity on host tissue proteins causing severe hemorrhagic activity and weakening of the host defense mechanisms. The strong involvement of metalloendopeptidases in various diseases and infections makes them robust drug targets for therapeutic applications. Previous attempts to purify pseudolysin directly from P. aeruginosa or by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and yeast yielded insufficient quantities of the enzyme for structural studies. We report the successful large‐scale heterologous expression of a correctly folded and active 33‐kDa pseudolysin in E. coli. The open reading frame coding for the secreted posttranslationally modified 33‐kDa pseudolysin was cloned into a plasmid vector and the protein product expressed in fusion with maltose‐binding protein (MBP). The MBP‐pseudolysin fusion protein expressed highly in E. coli and was found to be sufficiently soluble. Untagged pseudolysin obtained after cleaving the fusion protein with tobacco etch virus protease was soluble, stable and found to be active based on its ability to hydrolyze the Gly‐Leu bond in the substrate, 2‐aminobenzoyl‐Ala‐Gly‐Leu‐Ala‐4‐nitrobenzylamide.
Inhibition of v-src-induced transformation by a GTPase-activating protein. (1991)

Previous work has shown that microinjection into cells of antibodies against p21ras blocks transformation by src, suggesting that oncogenic transformation by pp60v-src is dependent on p21ras. The activity of p21ras itself is regulated by its cyclic association with GDP-GTP, where p21ras-GTP is the active form and p21ras-GDP is the inactive form. A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) mediates the inactivation of p21ras by facilitating the conversion of the active p21ras-GTP to the inactive p21ras-GDP. This predicts that overexpression of GAP would inactivate p21ras and block transformation of cells by src. In this paper, we confirm this prediction. We report that overexpression of GAP in NIH 3T3 cells blocks transformation by pp60v-src but not by v-ras. Susceptibility to transformation by v-src is restored when GAP expression is lowered to levels comparable to that in control cells. These results support the suggestion that p21ras plays a central role in the signalling pathway used by pp60v-src.
Mobile posture monitoring system to prevent physical health risk of smartphone users (2012)

With the widespread use of a smartphone, users tend to use their smartphone for a long period of time in unhealthy postures; bending forward the neck and watching the relatively small screen closely with concentration. If users keep such unhealthy postures for a long time, they are susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders and eye problems such as cervical disc and myopia, respectively. To prevent users from having these diseases, we propose a new methodology to monitor the posture of smartphone users with built-in sensors. The proposed mechanism estimates various values representing user postures like the tilt angle of the neck, viewing distance, and gaze condition of the user, by analyzing sensor data from a front-faced camera, 3-axis accelerometer, orientation sensor, or any combination thereof, and warns the user if estimated values are maintained within the abnormal range over the allowed time. Via the proposed mechanism, users are able to be aware of their unhealthy postures, and then try to correct their postures.
Processing and characterization of poly(lactic acid) blended with polycarbonate and chain extender (2014)

Abstract Currently, use of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is limited for commercial applications because it has a low heat resistance. In this research, an increase of over 40°C heat distortion temperature (HDT) of PLA alloy was obtained by blending PLA with polycarbonate (PC) and a chain extender (CE). Molecular weight, thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of PLA and PC blend with different CE contents were investigated. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results showed that some PLA-PC copolymers were produced and the compatibility of the PLA phase and in the PC phase was improved via the chain extension reaction. In addition, the reaction induced by CE also affected the crystallization behaviors of PLA, as observed from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results and the enthalpy of melting of PLA decreased with increasing CE content. The combined effects of the CE increasing molecular weight, improving compatibility and limiting the crystallization behavior of PLA/PC alloy greatly improved the HDT.
Skeleton-based action recognition with convolutional neural networks (2017)

Current state-of-the-art approaches to skeleton-based action recognition are mostly based on recurrent neural networks (RNN). In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional neural networks (CNN) based framework for both action classification and detection. Raw skeleton coordinates as well as skeleton motion are fed directly into CNN for label prediction. A novel skeleton transformer module is designed to rearrange and select important skeleton joints automatically. With a simple 7-layer network, we obtain 89.3% accuracy on validation set of the NTU RGB+D dataset. For action detection in untrimmed videos, we develop a window proposal network to extract temporal segment proposals, which are further classified within the same network. On the recent PKU-MMD dataset, we achieve 93.7% mAP, surpassing the baseline by a large margin.
Protection of the Ischemic Skeletal Muscle (1991)

This report (1) summarizes our current understanding of the nature of the revascularization syndrome and defines the patients most vulnerable to such damage, (2) details the principles for avoiding the revascularization syndrome evolving from our experimental work in the field of ischemic and reperfused skeletal muscle, (3) presents the clinical applicability of controlled reperfusion in skeletal muscle and our initial experience in patients, and (4) points to unresolved problems in the field of skeletal muscle protection.
Synthesis of <i>threo</i>-3-Methylcysteine from Threonine (1982)

Abstract threo-3-Methyl-d-cysteine as a moiety of β-methyllanthionine in the peptide antibiotic nisin was synthesized stereospecifically. The reaction of (2R,3R)-3-methyl-2-aziridinecarboxylic acid derivative prepared from d-threonine with thiobenzoic acid gave the β-mercapto α-amino acid derivative of the same configuration as the starting material. A stereochemistry of the product was retained as a result of double inversion mechanism through the reactions. Thus, we could prepare threo-3-methyl-d-cysteine, i.e., (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-mercaptobutanoic acid which is required for the synthetic study of nisin.
An algebraic specification of the partial orders generated by concurrent Ada computations (1989)

Article Free Access Share on An algebraic specification of the partial orders generated by concurrent Ada computations Author: D. Bryan Program Analysis and Verification Group, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University Program Analysis and Verification Group, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims TRI-Ada '89: Proceedings of the conference on Tri-Ada '89: Ada technology in context: application, development, and deploymentJanuary 1989 Pages 225–241https://doi.org/10.1145/74261.74278Online:03 January 1989Publication History 1citation177DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads177Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF