gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lightning protection for offshore wind turbines (2001)

Wind turbines are rapidly becoming important generators of electric energy, and the size and rated power of new wind turbines continue to increase. As a consequence it is important that wind turbines are treated as other power system components and meets the standards for reliability, protection and safety used in the electric industry in order to reach an acceptable level of operational reliability. In this paper are presented the observations made in a project concerning lightning protection for offshore wind turbines. The objectives were to describe appropriate lightning protection methodologies that ensure a sufficiently high level of lightning protection for wind turbines placed offshore in Denmark, and based on this to open a dialog regarding lightning protection with the major wind turbine manufactures.
Binding of Antibiotics to DNA (2007)

The DNA molecule can serve as host to numerous guest ligands, some of which are antibiotics, and almost all of which are endowed with anticancer or antimicrobial activity. Many guest ligands are quite large and complex in structure, and an array of intermolecular contacts underlie their complementarity to their macromolecular receptor. Often the process of molecular recognition involves conformational adjustments on the part of the interacting species, but the lion's share of the adjusting is demanded of the DNA helix which commonly ends up considerably distorted. Generally the lock must bend to accommodate the key. Two fundamentally different modes of binding can be identified: intercalation and minor groove-binding. The former mode is exemplified by daunomycin or actinomycin and the latter by netropsin or distamycin. Intercalation is associated with substantial extension and unwinding of the helix whereas groove binding is characterized by replacement of the spine of hydration and by lesser effects on helix geometry such as local bending. Bifunctional (or bis-) intercalation, as seen with echinomycin, causes the most far-reaching perturbations in the structure of DNA. It might even involve altered base pairing, which has been observed in complexes between echinomycin and oligonucleotides but has not yet been detected with macromolecular DNA in solution.
OFDR Diagnostics For Fiber/Integrated Optic Systems And High Resolution Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (1986)

Optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) shows promise as a diagnostic tool for high resolution ranging in fiber optic networks/integrated optic devices, and for high resolution distributed fiber optic sensing. Chirped semiconductor lasers may be employed to obtain submillimeter spatial resolutions. This paper discusses applications, some signal processing aspects of this technology, the potential, and actual performance of some experimental laboratory OFDR systems.
DNA Binding Characteristics of Mithramycin and Chromomycin Analogues Obtained by Combinatorial Biosynthesis (2010)

The antitumor antibiotics mithramycin A and chromomycin A(3) bind reversibly to the minor groove of G/C-rich regions in DNA in the presence of dications such as Mg(2+), and their antiproliferative activity has been associated with their ability to block the binding of certain transcription factors to gene promoters. Despite their biological activity, their use as anticancer agents is limited by severe side effects. Therefore, in our pursuit of new structurally related molecules showing both lower toxicity and higher biological activity, we have examined the binding to DNA of six analogues that we have obtained by combinatorial biosynthetic procedures in the producing organisms. All these molecules bear a variety of changes in the side chain attached to C-3 of the chromophore. The spectroscopic characterization of their binding to DNA followed by the evaluation of binding parameters and associated thermodynamics revealed differences in their binding affinity. DNA binding was entropically driven, dominated by the hydrophobic transfer of every compound from solution into the minor groove of DNA. Among the analogues, mithramycin SDK and chromomycin SDK possessed the higher DNA binding affinities.
Conformation of Polymers Dispersing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Water:  A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study (2005)

Aqueous dispersions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with polymers were characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Two types of polymers were used: an alternating copolymer of styrene and sodium maleate (PSSty) and gum arabic (GA)a highly branched polysaccharide. The resulting dispersions were stable and had a homogeneous dark inklike appearance. The dispersions consisted mainly of long isolated nanotubes and thin bundles, as revealed by cryo-TEM. The scattering patterns of both dispersions were fit by a modification of Pedersen's “block copolymer micelle” model, depicting the nanotubes−polymer complex as a thick cylinder hybrid. This hybrid is made of a thin core with radius of about 20 Å containing ∼4 nanotubes surrounded by a thick corona of swollen polymer coils with a radius of gyration of 150−170 Å. Long-term stabilization is achieved by the steric barrier provided by the adsorbed polymer coils reinforced by electrostatic repulsion due to charged groups distributed along the polymers.
Profitability of Small-Scale Integrated Fish-Rice-Poultry Farms in Cameroon (2015)

There are increasing efforts from diverse national and international stakeholders promoting integrated aquaculture for its merit in meeting triple needs of food production, social relevance and environmental stability. This research studies 120 aquaculture producers in the Southwest and Northwest regions of Cameroon. The hypothesis is that socioeconomic parameters influence farmers’ selection of an enterprise mix amongst fish-rice-poultry that will maximize revenue. A revenue equation is estimated by imposing a Cobb-Douglas functional form. About 35% of farmers practiced integrated systems, and for those that did not practice in situ – integrated systems, about 65% undertook these different enterprises at different times within the same calendar year. The combination of poultry into fish-rice enterprises is practised as a means to increase farm income through better resource utilization. The systems are overall profitable. When integration is undertaken for two systems either as fish cum rice, fish cum poultry or rice cum poultry farmers realize annual net returns of 428,630 FCFA (US$ 857); 785,650 FCFA (US$ 1,571) and 865,990 FCFA (US$ 1,732), respectively. The highest profits of 965,270 FCFA (US$ 1,931) are obtained in the complete fish-rice-poultry system. Econometric estimates of the revenue function reveal positive and direct relationship with farm revenue for socioeconomic parameters such as plot size, labour, credit, education, land tenure, access to extension and enterprise integration. For dissemination and adoption of this technology there is need for training that exploit pond management and marketing of products from the system.
The Production of Vinyl Acetate Monomer as a Co-Product from the Non-Catalytic Cracking of Soybean Oil (2015)

Valuable chemical by-products can increase the economic viability of renewable transportation fuel facilities while increasing the sustainability of the chemical and associated industries. A study was performed to demonstrate that commercial quality chemical products could be produced using the non-catalytic cracking of crop oils. Using this decomposition technique generates a significant concentration of C2−C10 fatty acids which can be isolated and purified as saleable co-products along with transportation fuels. A process scheme was developed and replicated in the laboratory to demonstrate this capability. Using this scheme, an acetic acid by-product was isolated and purified then reacted with ethylene derived from renewable ethanol to generate a sample of vinyl acetate monomer. This sample was assessed by a major chemical company and found to be of acceptable quality for commercial production of polyvinyl acetate and other products.
Shifting sowing of camelina from spring to autumn enhances the oil quality for bio-based applications in response to temperature and seed carbon stock (2019)

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an emerging oilseed crop that is attracting the interest of farmers in relation to its high environmental adaptability and low-input request. Camelina oil is an outstanding feedstock for the bio-based industry, since its unique composition allows multiple applications. Being spring camelina biotypes able to grow as both an autumn and spring crop in mild climates, and sowing date directly influences the temperature occurring during the seed filling stage, which likewise influences the final seed quality in terms of seed weight, oil and fatty acid (FA) content. A detailed study on the response of spring camelina to the effects of autumn and spring sowing is reported herein. The spring variety Midas was sown at six different sowing dates at the experimental farm of Bologna University (Italy) during two consecutive growing seasons (2015-16 and 2016-17). In parallel, three experiments were also carried out in a growth chamber with different ranges of temperatures during the seed filling period. Samplings of immature seeds over time, in both controlled environment and open field trials, allowed identification of a “time frame” in which the main variations in FA kinetics occurred. A “critical period”, from 350 to 540 growing degree day after the start of flowering (GDD-AF) was identified as that in which the closest relation between the final camelina FA composition and temperature, during the seed filling stage, occurred. The adoption of this empirical model permitted early evaluation (about 10 d before harvest) of the final camelina oil composition with relevant implications for the bio-based industry. Autumn sowing dates were associated with increased plant aboveground biomass, seed yield, seed oil content, seed weight (TKW), and content of linolenic and eicosenoic acid. Since eicosenoic acid is a valuable feedstock for the bio-based industry, growing spring camelina, as an autumn crop, in the Mediterranean region allows significantly increase the quantity of this infrequent FA.
Fully Solution‐Processed Small Molecule Semitransparent Solar Cells: Optimization of Transparent Cathode Architecture and Four Absorbing Layers (2016)

Semitransparent solar cells (SSCs) can open photovoltaic applications in many commercial areas, such as power‐generating windows and building integrated photovoltaics. This study successfully demonstrates solution‐processed small molecule SSCs with a conventional configuration for the presently tested material systems, namely BDTT‐S‐TR:PC 70 BM, N(Ph‐2T‐DCN‐Et) 3 :PC 70 BM, SMPV1:PC 70 BM, and UU07:PC 60 BM. The top transparent cathode coated through solution processes employs a highly transparent silver nanowire as electrode together with a combination interface bilayer of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and a perylene diimide derivative (PDINO). This ZnO/PDINO bilayer not only serves as an effective cathode buffer layer but also acts as a protective film on top of the active layer. With this integrated contribution, this study achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.62% for fully solution‐processed SSCs based on BDTT‐S‐TR system. Furthermore, the other three systems with various colors exhibited the PCEs close to 3% as expected from simulations, demonstrate the practicality and versatility of this printed semitransparent device architecture for small mole­cule systems. This work amplifies the potential of small molecule solar cells for window integration.
Drugs of the 21st century: telithromycin (HMR 3647)--the first ketolide (2003)

Telithromycin (HMR 3647) is the first ketolide introduced into clinical practice. Ketolides are semisynthetic derivates of erythromycin A that carry novel biological properties on the erythronolide A ring. This new class of antimicrobials was designed to overcome current resistance mechanisms against erythromycin A within Gram-positive cocci. Ketolides do not induce macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS(B)) resistance and are active against erythromycin resistance methylase gene (erm)-carrying Gram-positive cocci. This review summarizes published data on telithromycin and intends to define the challenge that a new antimicrobial brings to medical practice.
An In-situ Real-Time Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance for Monitoring the Growth of TiO2 Thin Films (2013)

An optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed for monitoring the thickness of deposited nano-thin films. A side-polished multimode SPR optical fiber sensor with an 850 nm-LD is used as the transducing element for real-time monitoring of the deposited TiO2 thin films. The SPR optical fiber sensor was installed in the TiO2 sputtering system in order to measure the thickness of the deposited sample during TiO2 deposition. The SPR response declined in real-time in relation to the growth of the thickness of the TiO2 thin film. Our results show the same trend of the SPR response in real-time and in spectra taken before and after deposition. The SPR transmitted intensity changes by approximately 18.76% corresponding to 50 nm of deposited TiO2 thin film. We have shown that optical fiber sensors utilizing SPR have the potential for real-time monitoring of the SPR technology of nanometer film thickness. The compact size of the SPR fiber sensor enables it to be positioned inside the deposition chamber, and it could thus measure the film thickness directly in real-time. This technology also has potential application for monitoring the deposition of other materials. Moreover, in-situ real-time SPR optical fiber sensor technology is in inexpensive, disposable technique that has anti-interference properties, and the potential to enable on-line monitoring and monitoring of organic coatings.
Flanking signal and mature peptide residues influence signal peptide cleavage (2008)

We conclude that the peptide segment recognized by SPase I extends to the start of the mature protein to a limited extent, upon our survey of the amino acid residues surrounding the cleavage processing site. These flanking residues possibly influence the cleavage processing and contribute to non-canonical cleavage sites. Our findings are applicable in defining more accurate prediction tools for recognition and identification of cleavage site of SPs.
NIR-Responsive Photocatalytic Activity and Mechanism of NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Tm@TiO<sub>2</sub> Core–Shell Nanoparticles (2013)

Core–shell structured nanoparticles for near-infrared (NIR) photocatalysis were synthesized by a two-step wet-chemical route. The core is composed of upconversion luminescence NaYF4:Yb,Tm prepared by a solvothermal process, and the shell is anatase TiO2 nanocrystals around NaYF4 particles formed via a method similar to a Stöber process. Methylene blue compound as a model pollutant was used to investigate the photocatalytic activity of NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 composites under NIR irradiation. To understand the nature of NIR-responsive photocatalysis of NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2, we investigated the energy transfer process between NaYF4:Yb,Tm and TiO2 and the origin of the degradation of organic pollutants under NIR radiation. Results indicate that the energy transfer route between NaYF4:Yb,Tm and TiO2 is an important factor that influences the photocatalytic activity significantly and that the degradation of organic pollutants under NIR irradiation is caused mostly by the oxidation of reactive oxygen species generated in the photocatalytic reaction, rather than by the thermal energy generated by NIR irradiation. The understanding of NIR-responsive photocatalytic mechanism helps to improve the structural design and functionality of this new type of catalytic material.
How might people interact with agents (1994)

article Free Access Share on How might people interact with agents Author: Donald A. Norman Apple Computer, Cupertino, CA Apple Computer, Cupertino, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 37Issue 7July 1994pp 68–71https://doi.org/10.1145/176789.176796Published:01 July 1994Publication History 194citation2,162DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations194Total Downloads2,162Last 12 Months199Last 6 weeks21 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Instructor-centric source code plagiarism detection and plagiarism corpus (2012)

Existing source code plagiarism systems focus on the problem of identifying plagiarism between pairs of submissions. The task of detection, while essential, is only a small part of managing plagiarism in an instructional setting. Holistic plagiarism detection and management requires coordination and sharing of assignment similarity -- elevating plagiarism detection from pairwise similarity to cluster-based similarity; from a single assignment to a sequence of assignments in the same course, and even among instructors of different courses.
Transport of malic acid and other dicarboxylic acids in the yeast Hansenula anomala (1990)

DL-Malic acid-grown cells of the yeast Hansenula anomala formed a saturable transport system that mediated accumulative transport of L-malic acid with the following kinetic parameters at pH 5.0: Vmax, 0.20 nmol.s-1.mg (dry weight)-1; Km, 0.076 mM L-malate. Uptake of malic acid was accompanied by proton disappearance from the external medium with rates that followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics as a function of malic acid concentration. Fumaric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, oxaloacetic acid, D-malic acid, and L-malic acid were competitive inhibitors of succinic acid transport, and all induced proton movements that followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, suggesting that all of these dicarboxylates used the same transport system. Maleic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, and L-(+)-tartaric acid, as well as other Krebs cycle acids such as citric and isocitric acids, were not accepted by the malate transport system. Km measurements as a function of pH suggested that the anionic forms of the acids were transported by an accumulative dicarboxylate proton symporter. The accumulation ratio at pH 5.0 was about 40. The malate system was inducible and was subject to glucose repression. Undissociated succinic acid entered the cells slowly by simple diffusion. The permeability of the cells by undissociated acid increased with pH, with the diffusion constant increasing 100-fold between pH 3.0 and 6.0.
Purification of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus and comparison of polypeptide composition of different isolates (1978)

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus was partially purified by freon extraction of infected CHSE-214 cells and concentrated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation of virus from the medium. Both methods resulted in virus concentrates that could be further purified by two CsCl gradient centrifugations with little loss of infectivity. A Recovery of 80 to 100% of the virus infectivity was obtained and over 100-fold concentration of viral infectivity was achieved by these methods. This purification was used to compare 10 isolates of IPN virus with regard to their physiochemical properties by electron microscopy, buoyant density in CsCl, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified virions. Electron-microscopic observations showed that the virus isolates were identical in that they were isometric, hexagonal in profile, and had a particle diameter of 71 nm. The buoyant densities of the virus isolates in CsCl were found to be 1.33 g/ml. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the virus isolates revealed the presence of three polypeptides of molecular weight 50, 30, and 27 x 10(3) designated as VP50, VP30, and VP27, respectively.
Presentation bias is significant in determining user preference for search results—A user study (2008)

Abstract We describe the results of an experiment designed to study user preferences for different orderings of search results from three major search engines. In the experiment, 65 users were asked to choose the best ordering from two different orderings of the same set of search results: Each pair consisted of the search engine's original top‐10 ordering and a synthetic ordering created from the same top‐10 results retrieved by the search engine. This process was repeated for 12 queries and nine different synthetic orderings. The results show that there is a slight overall preference for the search engines' original orderings, but the preference is rarely significant. Users' choice of the “best” result from each of the different orderings indicates that placement on the page (i.e., whether the result appears near the top) is the most important factor used in determining the quality of the result, not the actual content displayed in the top‐10 snippets. In addition to the placement bias, we detected a small bias due to the reputation of the sites appearing in the search results.
Numerical and Analytical Modeling of the Piezoelectric Transformer and Experimental Verification (1999)

International audience
An Object-Oriented Modeling and Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Knowledge Discovery System (2011)

Spatiotemporal databases deal with changes to spatial objects with time. The Spatiotemporal knowledge discovery process involves the integration of such database systems with data warehousing, data mining and online-analytical processing technologies. The applications in this domain will process spatial, temporal and attribute data elements and use spatio-temporal relationships among these elements. These applications deal with the evolution of spatial objects and changes in their topological relationships, associations along with time. These advanced database applications require storing, management and processing of complex spatiotemporal data. In this paper we consider the classification and modeling requirements for spatiotemporal applications, System modeling, preprocessing spatiotemporal data, discovering spatiotemporal topological relationships and extension of apriori algorithm for mining spatiotemporal frequent predicates.
EBC: Application-level migration on multi-site cloud (2012)

Cloud computing providers offer their services that help IT organizations to increase hardware utilization dramatically, and to scale up computational infrastructure instantly. The cloud resource management system could suspend/migrate some running jobs/virtual machines in order to reserve resources for other ones to improve resource utilization. In this case, the cost of moving the whole virtual machines is too high due to the big size of virtual machines. Moreover, supporting communication between the two migrated virtual machines is still a hard problem. We are interested in using checkpointing and recovery technique (C&R) to stop and restart running programs on virtual machines. The paper introduces the event-based checkpointing tool (EBC), in which users can easily checkpoint and restart running programs in cloud systems. EBC is based on event-driven architecture and so it is integrated into cloud infrastructures like OpenNebula easily. EBC supports not only sequential programs but also MPI programs. Moreover, any C&R included in MPI libraries is reused in EBC and so it is independent from MPI library versions. EBC is a useful tool supporting migration as well as scheduling in cloud systems.