gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RU486 (MIFEPRISTONE): Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Uses (1997)

RU486 (mifepristone) has proved to be a remarkably active antiprogesterone and antiglucocorticosteroid agent in human beings. The mechanism of action involves the intracellular receptors of the antagonized hormones (progesterone and glucocorticosteroids). At the molecular level, the most important features are high binding affinity to the receptor, interaction of the phenylaminodimethyl group in the 11 beta-position with a specific region of the receptor binding pocket, and RU486-induced transconformation differences in the ligand-binding domain. These particularities have consequences at different steps of the receptor function as compared with agonists. However, the reasoning cannot be limited to the RU486-receptor interaction, and, for instance, there is the possibility of a switch from antagonistic property to agonist activity, depending on the intervention of other signaling pathways. It would be desirable to have derivatives with only one of the two antagonistic properties (antiprogestin, antiglucocorticosteroid) in spite of similarities between steroid structures, receptors involved, and responsive machineries in target cells. Clinically, the RU486-plus-prostaglandin method is ready to be used on a large scale and is close to being as convenient and safe as any medical method of abortion may be. The early use of RU486 as a contragestive as soon as a woman fears a pregnancy she does not want will help to defuse the abortion issue. Research should now be conducted to define an efficient and convenient contraceptive method with RU486 or other antiprogestins. The usefulness of RU486 for obstetric indications, including facilitation of difficult delivery, has to be assessed rapidly. Gynecologic trials, particularly in leiomyomata, should be systemically continued. The very preliminary results obtained with tumors, including breast cancers, indicate that further studies are necessary.
Mechanism of picosecond ultraviolet laser sputtering of sapphire at 266 nm (1990)

Ultraviolet laser sputtering of sapphire was observed to result in droplet ejection when done in air, pressurized air, or in 20 mTorr pressure. Such droplets were collected and studied with scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The collected particles were spherical and ranged in size up to 3 μm in diameter. Some particles appeared to have been molten and splattered on the collection plate. The size of the particles was independent of the ambient pressure. However, the collection efficiency of the collection plate was ∼30 times greater at 20 mTorr pressure as compared to one atmosphere. The similar result for measurements of the sputter depth under a range of background pressure indicates that the mechanism for the laser sputtering of sapphire at 266 nm with 30 ps pulses and a fluence near 10 J/cm2 is independent of the ambient pressure. Redeposition of debris onto the sputtered sample was significantly greater in one atmosphere pressure than in reduced pressure. These findings indicate that hydrodynamic sputtering is the most likely mechanism for the laser sputtering of sapphire at high sputter rates.
P‐13: Low‐Power a‐Si Level Shifter for Mobile Displays with Bootstrapped Capacitor and Pulsed Signal Source (2007)

Abstract A new low power consumption amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) TFT level shifter is designed and verified by SPICE simulation. The a‐Si:H TFT level shifter employing cascade inverters successfully shifts low voltage (5 V) to high voltage (23 V) by employing a bootstrapping method. Proposed a‐Si:H TFT level shifter has considerably reduced the power consumption by 50% compared with the conventional one (8.03 mW) due to connection of clock pulse on the diode connected node and bootstrapping method. The proposed level shifter may be suitable for mobile display applications.
Effects of Creativity and Cluster Tightness on Short Text Clustering Performance (2016)

Properties of corpora, such as the diversity of vocabulary and how tightly related texts cluster together, impact the best way to cluster short texts. We examine several such properties in a variety of corpora and track their effects on various combinations of similarity metrics and clustering algorithms. We show that semantic similarity metrics outperform traditional n-gram and dependency similarity metrics for kmeans clustering of a linguistically creative dataset, but do not help with less creative texts. Yet the choice of similarity metric interacts with the choice of clustering method. We find that graphbased clustering methods perform well on tightly clustered data but poorly on loosely clustered data. Semantic similarity metrics generate loosely clustered output even when applied to a tightly clustered dataset. Thus, the best performing clustering systems could not use semantic metrics.
Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous methotrexate. (1988)

The pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered methotrexate was studied as a parenteral alternative to oral administration. An initial feasibility study was performed in Rhesus monkeys comparing the subcutaneous route to intravenous (IV) injection and oral administration. The subcutaneous dose was completely absorbed and a sustained-release effect was observed when compared with the IV dose. No local or systemic toxicities resulted from subcutaneous methotrexate in the animals. Twelve children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on maintenance therapy protocols prescribing either 7.5 mg/m2 biweekly or 40 mg/m2 weekly were also monitored after both a subcutaneous and an oral dose of methotrexate. Four children at the higher dosage level were also studied after an equal IV dose. The subcutaneous dose was again completely absorbed in these children at both dose levels, whereas the oral dose, which produced comparable plasma drug concentrations at the lower dosage level, resulted in a total drug exposure (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) that was one third that of the equal subcutaneous dose at the higher dosage level. No local or systemic toxicity was attributed to the subcutaneous methotrexate. Subcutaneous administration of methotrexate is well tolerated and well absorbed and appears to overcome the problems associated with oral administration, including variable absorption and saturation of the absorption mechanism with increasing doses.
Transformer-Based Ultra-Wide Band 43 GHz VCO in 28 nm CMOS for FMCW Radar System (2019)

An ultra-wide band, high linearity and low phase noise 43 GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system is presented. A transformer-based magnetic-tuning technique is adopted to realize both coarse frequency tuning and fine frequency tuning, achieving a sweeping bandwidth of >5.7 GHz within single tuning curve. Distributed biasing parallel varactors are used to achieve high tuning linearity. Since the flicker noise (1/f noise) significantly worsens the VCO phase noise due to high 1/f corner frequency in TSMC 28nm CMOS, a technique to suppress the flicker noise up-conversion is adopted to improve the phase noise performance. The VCO has been implemented in TSMC 28 nm CMOS process, obtaining a tuning range (TR) from 37.5 GHz to 49 GHz, which consumes 8 mA current from a 0.95 V power supply. The phase noise is lower than -100 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset from a 37.5 GHz carrier and the resulting FoM is -182 dBc/Hz.
Improving parking availability prediction in smart cities with IoT and ensemble-based model (2020)

Smart cities are part of the ongoing advances in technology to provide a better life quality to its inhabitants. Urban mobility is one of the most important components of smart cities. Due to the growing number of vehicles in these cities, urban traffic congestion is becoming more common. In addition, finding places to park even in car parks is not easy for drivers who run in circles. Studies have shown that drivers looking for parking spaces contribute up to 30% to traffic congestion. In this context, it is necessary to predict the spaces available to drivers in parking lots where they want to park. We propose in this paper a new system that integrates the IoT and a predictive model based on ensemble methods to optimize the prediction of the availability of parking spaces in smart parking. The tests that we carried out on the Birmingham parking data set allowed to reach a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.06% on average with the algorithm of Bagging Regression (BR). This results have thus improved the best existing performance by over 6.6% while dramatically reducing system complexity.
Identification of Pinnatoxins and Discovery of Their Fatty Acid Ester Metabolites in Mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Eastern Canada (2012)

Pinnatoxins are a group of fast-acting cyclic imine toxins previously identified in shellfish from Asia, the southern Pacific, and northern Europe. In this work pinnatoxins were detected in mussels from locations across the eastern coast of Canada. Pinnatoxin G (6) was the major structural variant present, sometimes at levels >80 μg/kg, whereas much lower levels of pinnatoxin A (1) were detected in some samples. Increased concentrations were observed following base hydrolysis of extracts, leading to the discovery by LC-MS of a range of fatty acid esters of 6. Information on the structures of these acylated derivatives was provided through a series of mass spectrometric experiments, supported by partial synthesis, and it is proposed that the compounds are 28-O-acyl esters of 6. Although acyl esters of a range of other phycotoxins are known to form as metabolites in shellfish, this is the first report of their existence for this particular toxin class. The occurrence of pinnatoxins in North American shellfish further highlights the international distribution of these toxins.
Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Stimulation of T-cell Factor Signaling following Activation of EP2 and EP4 Prostanoid Receptors by Prostaglandin E2 (2002)

Recently we have shown that the FP(B) prostanoid receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor that couples to Galpha(q), activates T-cell factor (Tcf)/lymphoid enhancer factor (Lef)-mediated transcriptional activation (Fujino, H., and Regan, J. W. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 12489-12492). We now report that the EP(2) and EP(4) prostanoid receptors, which couple to Galpha(s), also activate Tcf/Lef signaling. By using a Tcf/Lef-responsive luciferase reporter gene, transcriptional activity was stimulated approximately 10-fold over basal by 1 h of treatment with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in HEK cells that were stably transfected with the human EP(2) and EP(4) receptors. This stimulation of reporter gene activity was accompanied by a PGE(2)-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of both glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and Akt kinase. H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), completely blocked the agonist-dependent phosphorylation of GSK-3 in both EP(2)- and EP(4)-expressing cells. However, H-89 pretreatment only blocked PGE(2)-stimulated Lef/Tcf reporter gene activity by 20% in EP(4)-expressing cells compared with 65% inhibition in EP(2)-expressing cells. On the other hand wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, had the opposite effect and inhibited PGE(2)-stimulated reporter gene activity to a much greater extent in EP(4)-expressing cells as compared with EP(2)-expressing cells. These findings indicate that the activation of Tcf/Lef signaling by EP(2) receptors occurs primarily through a PKA-dependent pathway, whereas EP(4) receptors activate Tcf/Lef signaling mainly through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway. This is the first indication of a fundamental difference in the signaling potential of EP(2) and EP(4) prostanoid receptors.
Complexation of 2,6-Bis(acylamino)pyridines with Dipyridin-2-ylamine and 4,4-Dimethylpiperidine-2,6-dione (2010)

Intermolecular hydrogen bonds between 2,6-bis(acylamino)pyridines and dipyridin-2-ylamine as well as 4,4-dimethylpiperidine-2,6-dione are responsible for relatively strong interactions between these species. Association has been found to be significantly affected by the size of acyl substituent (chemical shift of the NH proton was used as the main probe in determination of the association constants). Calculations at the DFT level of theory are in line with the experimentally observed results. Calculated energies of the interactions between the complex congeners also show the size of the substituent to affect the association. Conformational changes in the dipyridin-2-ylamine molecule are shown to adapt a geometry suitable for formation of efficient hydrogen bonding.
Correlation effects for interstitial-type self-diffusion mechanisms in b.c.c. and f.c.c. crystals (1983)

Abstract The tracer correlation factor, the quasi-elastic neutron scattering and the Mössbauer line broadening have been investigated in terms of the encounter model for a number of interstitial-type self-diffusion mechanisms in f.c.c. and b.c.c. crystals. In particular, the migration of (100) dumb-belle in the f.c.c. lattice and both the two- and three-dimensional migration of (110) dumb-bells in the b.c.c. lattice have been considered. From a comparison with similar calculations for vacancy-type mechanisms in both the f.c.c. and b.c.c. lattices, it is concluded that (1) the differences in the predicted correlation effects between monovacancy and dumb-bell interstitialcy mechanisms are substantial, but that (2) experiments aiming at distingusihing between the divacancy and dumb-bell mechanisms via correlation effects may not be very useful because of the rather small differences predicted. Our results are compared with recent experiments in solid sodium by means of quasi-elastic neutron scattering (Göltz et al. 1980) and nuclear spin relaxation (Brünger et al. 1980) and with the radiotracer results of Mundy (1971).
Evaluation of Frequency Warping Based Features and Spectro-Temporal Features for Speaker Recognition (2015)

In this paper, different frequency scales in cepstral feature extraction are evaluated for the text-independent speaker recognition. To this end, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), linear frequency cepstral coefficients (LFCCs), and bilinear warped frequency cepstral coefficients (BWFCCs) are applied to the speaker recognition experiment. In addition, the spectro-temporal features extracted by the cepstral-time matrix (CTM) are examined as an alternative to the delta and delta-delta features. Experiments on the NIST speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) 2004 task are carried out using the Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM) method and the joint factor analysis (JFA) method, both based on the ALIZE 3.0 toolkit. Experimental results using both the methods show that BWFCC with appropriate warping factor yields better performance than MFCC and LFCC. It is also shown that the feature set including the spectro-temporal information based on the CTM outperforms the conventional feature set including the delta and delta-delta features.
Sonogashira diversification of unprotected halotryptophans, halotryptophan containing tripeptides; and generation of a new to nature bromo-natural product and its diversification in water (2016)

The blending together of synthetic chemistry with natural product biosynthesis represents a potentially powerful approach to synthesis; to enable this, further synthetic tools and methodologies are needed. To this end, we have explored the first Sonogashira cross-coupling to halotryptophans in water. Broad reaction scope is demonstrated and we have explored the limits of the scope of the reaction. We have demonstrated this methodology to work excellently in the modification of model tripeptides. Furthermore, through precursor directed biosynthesis, we have generated for the first time a new to nature brominated natural product bromo-cystargamide, and demonstrated the applicability of our reaction conditions to modify this novel metabolite.
A Reading Assessment with Cross-Cultural Implications: Preliminary Explorations (2008)

Success in reading is central to success in education. This paper argues that reading in a second language is strongly affected by variations in text organization. Such variations are a reflection of first language influences and related differences in cultural identities and are a part of discourse competence. Details of an experiment in Hong Kong, China, are given. This attempts to show how different text (rhetorical) organizations are interpreted and understood differently by different groups of second language readers. Results show significant variation in the comprehensibility of different text organizations and reasons for these differences are discussed.
Robust Speech Recognition Based on Dereverberation Parameter Optimization Using Acoustic Model Likelihood (2010)

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) in reverberant environments is a challenging task. Most dereverberation techniques address this problem through signal processing and enhances the reverberant waveform independent from the speech recognizer. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to perform dereverberation in relation with the likelihood of the back-end ASR system. Our proposed approach effectively selects the dereverberation parameters, in the form of multiband scale factors, so that they improve the likelihood of the acoustic model. Then, the acoustic model is retrained using the optimal parameters. During the recognition phase, we implement additional optimization of the parameters. By using Gaussian mixture model (GMM), the process for selecting the scale factors become efficient. Moreover, we remove the dependency of the adopted dereverberation technique on the room impulse response (RIR) measurement, by using an artificial RIR generator and selecting based on the acoustic likelihood. Experimental results show significant improvement in recognition performance with the proposed method over the conventional approach.
Integrated dual-slab waveguide interferometer for glucose concentration detection in the physiological range (2008)

This paper presents a label-free optical biosensor based on a Young's interferometer configuration that uses a vertically integrated dual-slab waveguide interferometer as sensing element. In this element, linearly polarized light is coupled into a dual-slab waveguide chip from the input end-face, and the in-coupled zeroth order mode propagates in separated upper and lower waveguides. At the output end-face, the two closely spaced coherent beams diffract out and produce an interference fringe pattern. An evanescent wave field, generated on the surface of the upper waveguide, probes changes in the refractive index of the studied sample, causing a phase shift in the fringe pattern. Compared to a conventional integrated Young's interferometer utilizing a Y-junction as the beam splitter, the dual-slab waveguide Young's interferometer has the advantage of easy fabrication and large tolerance to the input-coupling beam. This paper builds a measurement system to investigate sensor performance using glucose solutions with various concentrations. These glucose concentration measurements are performed within the physiological range of 30mg/dl ~ 500mg/dl. The results indicate that a dual-slab waveguide interferometer yields an average phase resolution of 0.002 rad, which corresponds to an effective refractive index change of 4×10<sup>-8</sup> with an interaction path length of 15 mm.
Biocontrol of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> on tomato using antagonistic fungi, plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria and cattle manure (2009)

Application of P. lilacinus or P. putida with cattle manure was useful to achieve greater biocontrol of M. incognita on tomato.
Functional map and domain structure of MET, the product of the c- <i>met</i> protooncogene and receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (2003)

Little is known about the large ectodomain of MET, the product of the c-met protooncogene and receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). Here, we establish by deletion mutagenesis that the HGF/SF and heparin-binding sites of MET are contained within a large N-terminal domain spanning the alpha-chain (amino acids 25-307) and the first 212 amino acids of the beta-chain (amino acids 308-519). Neither the cystine-rich domain (amino acids 520-561) nor the C-terminal half of MET (amino acids 562-932) bind HGF/SF or heparin directly. The MET ectodomain, which behaves as a rod-shaped monomer with a large Stokes radius in solution, binds HGF/SF in the absence or presence of heparin, and forms a stable HGF/SF-heparin-MET complex with 1:1:1 stoichiometry. We also show that the ligand-binding domain adopts a beta-propeller fold, which is similar to the N-terminal domain of alphaV integrin, and that the C-terminal half contains four Ig domains (amino acids 563-654, 657-738, 742-836, and 839-924) of the unusual structural E set, which could be modeled on bacterial enzymes. Our studies provide 3D models and a functional map of the MET ectodomain. They have broad implications for structure-function of the MET receptor and the related semaphorin and plexin proteins.
What does structure tell us about virus evolution? (2005)

Viruses are the most abundant life form and infect practically all organisms. Consequently, these obligate parasites are a major cause of human suffering and economic loss. The organization and origins of this enormous virosphere are profound open questions in biology. It has generally been considered that viruses infecting evolutionally widely separated organisms (e.g. bacteria and humans) are also distinct. However, recent research contradicts this picture. Structural analyses of virion architecture and coat protein topology have revealed unexpected similarities, not visible in sequence comparisons, suggesting a common origin for viruses that infect hosts residing in different domains of life (bacteria, archaea and eukarya).
Quantifying NUMA and contention effects in multi-GPU systems (2011)

As system architects strive for increased density and power efficiency, the traditional compute node is being augmented with an increasing number of graphics processing units (GPUs). The integration of multiple GPUs per node introduces complex performance phenomena including non-uniform memory access (NUMA) and contention for shared system resources. Utilizing the Keeneland system, this paper quantifies these effects and presents some guidance on programming strategies to maximize performance in multi-GPU environments.
Reducing Financial Aliasing in HDTV Production (1989)

The acceptance of high-definition technology by program producers and broadcasters will depend on financial viability as much as on specific technical parameters. This article proposes a method for operating HDTV equipment that reduces the cost, complexity, and image degradation inherent in conversion to PAL, NTSC, and 35mm film. The operating modes proposed allow simple frame-rate conversion to the local television standard without requiring temporal interpolation, and provide a single high-definition tape format that can be easily interchanged throughout the world. This offers the possibility of international hardware standardization now and enhanced-capability HDTV-only distribution in the future. Specific details of the process are discussed in relation to the SMPTE-240M standard, but the underlying principles are applicable to any of the proposed HDTV production systems.