gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorophors and chromophors from rat lens crystallins in UV with hydroxykynurenine. (1984)

Isolated alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallins from young rat lenses were incubated in solution for 16 hr with 3-hydroxykynurenine under ultraviolet (366 nm) light. Controls included: incubation without light, without kynurenine, and with 2-mercaptoethanol. These procedures generated several chromophors (with absorption maxima or shoulders at 340, 370, and 470 nm) and fluorophors (with excitation/emission at 407/515, 458/550, 515/555, 647/664, and 647/740 nm). The formation of these pigments was inhibited by 2-mercaptoethanol. The findings are discussed in relation to the chromophors and fluorophors found in aged and brunescent human lenses.
V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Textile Cathodes with High Capacity and Stability for Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2020)

Textile-based energy-storage devices are highly appealing for flexible and wearable electronics. Here, a 3D textile cathode with high loading, which couples hollow multishelled structures (HoMSs) with conductive metallic fabric, is reported for high-performance flexible lithium-ion batteries. V<sub>2</sub> O<sub>5</sub> HoMSs prepared by sequential templating approach are used as active materials and conductive metallic fabrics are applied as current collectors and flexible substrates. Taking advantage of the desirable structure of V<sub>2</sub> O<sub>5</sub> HoMSs that effectively buffers the volume expansion and alleviates the stress/strain during repeated Li-insertion/extraction processes, as well as the robust flexible metallic-fabric current collector, the as-prepared fabric devices show excellent electrochemical performance and ultrahigh stability. The capacity retains a high value of 222.4 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at a high mass loading of 2.5 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> even after 500 charge/discharge cycles, and no obvious performance degradation is observed after hundreds of cycles of bending and folding. These results indicate that V<sub>2</sub> O<sub>5</sub> HoMSs/metallic-fabric cathode electrode is promising for highly flexible lithium-ion batteries.
Public health networks (2002)

We acknowledge that we have not contacted all parents from 2043 pregnancies, because of time limitations.Dr Duffell correctly states that 'the reasons for failure to attend' despite repeated recall were not explored.We are addressing this during re-audit, once the provision of information to parents antenatally is in place.We completely agree with Duffell and Sarangi on the provision of information for parents during the antenatal period.
A Polymorphism in the d-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Gene May Modify the Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Lead (1995)

C. Mark Smith, Xi Wang, Howard Hu, Karl T. Kelsey, A Polymorphism in the δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Gene May Modify the Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Lead, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, No. 3 (Mar., 1995), pp. 248-253
The Synthesis of an <i>O</i>‐2‐Isooxacephem (1982)

Abstract The synthesis of an iso‐oxacephem is described. Reaction of methanesulfonyl chloride with hydroxyaldylmalonates can form sulfones or sulfonates, their ratio varying with the basicity of the tertiary amine used in the sulfonation.
A novel recommender system fusing the opinions from experts and ordinary people (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel recommendation algorithm fusing the opinions from experts and ordinary people. Instead of regarding one's judgement capability as his/her expertise, we present a new definition which measures the amount of the recommendable items one know in a certain area. When computing the expertise, we consider both the average value and the accumulative value, and introduce a free parameter α to tune between these two values. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, simulations are run on the Moviepilot dataset, and the results demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms the conventional collaborative filtering algorithm.
Hepatitis <scp>B</scp> Virus (2011)

Abstract Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses, characterised by a relaxed circular, ∼3200‐bp deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genome (rcDNA) with replication primarily in hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cell of the liver. HBV infections may be transient or chronic. All hepadnaviruses, including those that infect humans as well as small animal species, are similar clinically and biologically. Part of the replication strategy includes conversion of the rcDNA genome into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is found exclusively in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. This cccDNA acts as template for the transcription of all hepadnaviral messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs). One of the largest mRNAs, the pregenome, is reverse transcribed in the cytoplasm into new rcDNA. cccDNA is a highly stable molecule present as a mini chromosome with up to 10–50 copies in the nucleus of each infected hepatocyte. The stability of cccDNA, the noncytolytic nature of infection and the fact that hepatocytes constitute a self‐renewing population make chronic HBV infections difficult to treat. The natural course of chronic HBV infection consists of four phases: immune tolerance, immune clearance, immune control and reactivation and is associated with liver disease that encompasses a wide range of histological changes. Key Concepts: There are two possible outcomes of HBV infection: transient or chronic infection. Transient (acute) HBV infections often spread to infect >95% of hepatocytes and can be rapidly cleared from the liver. Ninety to ninety‐five percent of adults experience transient infections, whereas 30–90% of children develop chronic HBV infections. Chronic HBV infection can result in liver disease including portal and lobular inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Multiple copies of cccDNA are present in each infected hepatocyte and act as a stable reservoir for HBV infection. The highly stable nature of cccDNA is the major factor in the failure of antiviral therapy during chronic HBV infection. Pre‐exposure vaccination with HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) particles results in an anti‐HBs antibody response that provides immunity against HBV infection. HBV remains a major worldwide problem with >360 million people with chronic infection.
Lymphokine mRNA expression by transplantable murine B lymphocytic malignancies. Tumor-derived IL-10 as a possible mechanism for modulating the anti-tumor response. (1995)

In vitro and in vivo expressions of cytokine mRNAs by four transplantable murine B lymphocytic malignancies designated A20, MOPC 315, 2PK-3, and RAW 8.1 were determined using sensitive reverse-transcribed (RT)-PCR. Despite significant differences in both the stage of B cell differentiation represented by each cell line and the method used to induce the original B lymphocytic tumors, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNAs were detected in each of the cultured cell lines. Whereas IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-12 mRNAs were not detected in cultured cells, expression of cytokine mRNAs in solid tumor tissue was quite different. RT-PCR of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from each of the four solid tumors demonstrated the presence of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-beta 1, and TNF-alpha mRNAs. There was a noticeable lack of significant IL-2 mRNA expression in any of the solid tumors. Using RT-PCR, it was clear that each of the malignant B lymphocytes expressed IL-6, IL-10, TGF-beta 1, and TNF-alpha, with limited expression of IL-4 and IL-5. To explore the mechanisms that might contribute to the lack of IL-2 mRNA in these solid tumors, quantitative competitive (QC)-RT-PCR was used to quantify expression of IL-10 mRNA. MOPC 315 tumor expressed the most IL-10 mRNA (23.2 pg/micrograms of poly(A)+ RNA), whereas 2PK-3, A20, and RAW 8.1 tumors expressed 7.4, 2.6, and 0.6 pg/micrograms of poly(A)+ RNA, respectively. Secretion of IL-10 into culture supernatants or into sera and ascitic fluid of tumor-bearing animals correlated with mRNA expression. This dysregulated IL-10 production in animals with B lymphocytic tumors suggested a mechanism that may account for the lack of IL-2 mRNA expression in solid tumors, and suggested a possible mechanism by which malignant B lymphocytes may limit cell-mediated antitumor responses.
Compact and portable low-coherence interferometer with off-axis geometry for quantitative phase microscopy and nanoscopy (2013)

We present a simple-to-align, highly-portable interferometer, which is able to capture wide-field, off-axis interference patterns from transparent samples under low-coherence illumination. This small-dimensions and low-cost device can be connected to the output of a transmission microscope illuminated by a low-coherence source and measure sub-nanometric optical thickness changes in a label-free manner. In contrast to our previously published design, the τ interferometer, the new design is able to fully operate in an off-axis holographic geometry, where the interference fringes have high spatial frequency, and the interference area is limited only by the coherence length of the source, and thus it enables to easily obtain high-quality quantitative images of static and dynamic samples. We present several applications for the new design including nondestructive optical testing of transparent microscopic elements with nanometric thickness and live-cell imaging.
Pt<sub>309</sub>PhenO<sub>30 + 10</sub>, ein vierschaliger Platincluster (1989)

Ein Cluster mit der magischen Zahl von 309 Pt‐Atomen ist die Titelverbindung (Phen*: Phenanthrolinderivat). Anders als ein‐, zwei‐und fünfschalige Cluster waren vierschalige bisher nicht bekannt. Damit gelang es, eine weitere Lücke auf dem Weg vom Komplex über Cluster zum Bulk‐Metall zu schließen. Die Pt‐Atome liegen in 1 wie im metallischen Platin kubisch dichtest gepackt vor. Rechts ist ein computersimuliertes Bild eines M 309 ‐ Clusters in [110]‐Richtung zu sehen. magnified image
Low‐power programmable high‐gain time difference amplifier with regeneration time control (2014)

A gain controllable SR‐latch‐based time difference amplifier (TDA) with a gain of up to 150 by controlling the regeneration time constant, especially with programmable transconductance ( g m ), is presented. The presented g m control uses resistor degeneration at the input switches so that the effective g m is reduced, whereas the time difference gain increases. Unavoidable large crowbar current from the slow regeneration is avoided by shifting to the fast regeneration mode after regeneration is completed, which effectively reduces current consumption by 29.3%.
CMOS-compatible ferroelectric NAND flash memory for high-density, low-power, and high-speed three-dimensional memory (2021)

Ferroelectric memory has been substantially researched for several decades as its potential to obtain higher speed, lower power consumption, and longer endurance compared to conventional flash memory. Despite great deal of effort to develop ferroelectric memory based on perovskite oxides on Si, formation of unwanted interfacial layer substantially compromises the performance of the ferroelectric memory. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) integration has been unimaginable because of high processing temperature, non-CMOS compatibility, difficulty in scaling, and complex compositions of perovskite oxides. Here, we demonstrate a unique strategy to tackle critical issues by applying hafnia-based ferroelectrics and oxide semiconductors. Thus, it is possible to avoid the formation of interfacial layer that finally allows unprecedented Si-free 3D integration of ferroelectric memory. This strategy yields memory performance that could be achieved neither by the conventional flash memory nor by the previous perovskite ferroelectric memories. Device simulation confirms that this strategy can realize ultrahigh-density 3D memory integration.
Cannabinoid CB<sub>2</sub> Receptor Activation Decreases Cerebral Infarction in a Mouse Focal Ischemia/Reperfusion Model (2007)

Cannabinoid CB(2) Receptor (CB(2)) activation has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties without psychotropic effects. The hypothesis of this study is that selective CB(2) agonist treatment can attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Selective CB(2) agonists (O-3853, O-1966) were administered intravenously 1 h before transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or 10 mins after reperfusion in male mice. Leukocyte/endothelial interactions were evaluated before MCAO, 1 h after MCAO, and 24 h after MCAO via a closed cranial window. Cerebral infarct volume and motor function were determined 24 h after MCAO. Administration of the selective CB(2) agonists significantly decreased cerebral infarction (30%) and improved motor function (P<0.05) after 1 h MCAO followed by 23 h reperfusion in mice. Transient ischemia in untreated animals was associated with a significant increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion on both venules and arterioles (P<0.05), whereas the enhanced rolling and adhesion were attenuated by both selective CB(2) agonists administered either at 1 h before or after MCAO (P<0.05). CB(2) activation is associated with a reduction in white blood cell rolling and adhesion along cerebral vascular endothelial cells, a reduction in infarct size, and improved motor function after transient focal ischemia.
V. <i>Process for removing spots of grease from books and prints</i> (1798)

"V. Process for removing spots of grease from books and prints ." The Philosophical Magazine, 2(5), pp. 30–31
Novel Ideas of Gene Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Modulation of Cellular Signal Transduction of TGF-&#946; Family (2006)

Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the innermost layer of the arterial wall. An asymptomatic atherosclerotic plaque is characterized by a lipid core, composed of modified lipids, macrophages and T cells, which were separated from the lumen vessel by a thick fibrous cap, composed of vascular smooth muscle cell-secreted solid collagen matrix. Recently, it has been reported that expressions of TGF-beta family were up regulated in human atherosclerotic plaques. In addition TGF-beta family seems to plays pivotal roles for the development of atherosclerosis: TGF-beta and activin A were suggested to play protective roles against the development of atherosclerotic plaques. On the other hand bone morphogenetic protein seems to play pivotal roles for the calcification of the atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, it is debatable whether gene therapy modulating cellular signal transductions of TGF-beta family is a useful tool for the inhibition of progression of atherosclerotic disease. In this review, our discussion is focused on the possibilities of gene therapies for atherosclerosis either by enhancement or suppression of cellular signaling of TGF-beta family in target cells, in atherosclerotic plaques.
Endoscopic Surgery in the Rectum (1985)

A new transanal endoscopic operative technique permits microsurgery in the rectal cavity and the placing of surgical sutures. Compared with other procedures this one is non-aggressive, and there were not postoperative complications in twelve cases. A stereoscopic optical system, a new operating rectoscope and special surgical instruments, as well as a modification to an insufflation device are necessary for the endoscopic operation.
Approximation Techniques for Average Completion Time Scheduling (2001)

We consider the problem of nonpreemptive scheduling to minimize average (weighted) completion time, allowing for release dates, parallel machines, and precedence constraints. Recent work has led to constant-factor approximations for this problem based on solving a preemptive or linear programming relaxation and then using the solution to get an ordering on the jobs. We introduce several new techniques which generalize this basic paradigm. We use these ideas to obtain improved approximation algorithms for one-machine scheduling to minimize average completion time with release dates. In the process, we obtain an optimal randomized on-line algorithm for the same problem that beats a lower bound for deterministic on-line algorithms. We consider extensions to the case of parallel machine scheduling, and for this we introduce two new ideas: first, we show that a preemptive one-machine relaxation is a powerful tool for designing parallel machine scheduling algorithms that simultaneously produce good approximations and have small running times; second, we show that a nongreedy "rounding" of the relaxation yields better approximations than a greedy one. We also prove a general theorem relating the value of one-machine relaxations to that of the schedules obtained for the original m-machine problems. This theorem applies even when there are precedence constraints on the jobs. We apply this result to obtain improved approximation ratios for precedence graphs such as in-trees, out-trees,and series-parallel graphs.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of N-Methoxyamides (1990)

Abstract A variety of N-methoxyamides is easily prepared from carboxylic acids and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrabromide.
Obstructing Shedding of the Immunostimulatory MHC Class I Chain–Related Gene B Prevents Tumor Formation (2009)

These data suggest that MIC shedding may contribute significantly to tumor formation by transformed cells and that inhibition of MIC shedding to sustain the NKG2D receptor-MIC ligand recognition may have potential clinical implication in targeted cancer treatment.
AKAP79 Inhibits Calcineurin through a Site Distinct from the Immunophilin-binding Region (1998)

Targeting of protein kinases and phosphatases provides additional specificity to substrate selectivity in cellular signaling. In the case of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, AKAP79 has been shown to bind calcineurin and inhibit its activity in vitro (Coghlan, V., Perrino, B. A., Howard, M., Langeberg, L. K., Hicks, J. B., Gallatin, W. M., and Scott, J. D. (1995) Science 267, 108-111). In the present study, we characterized the binding regions on calcineurin A (CnA) and AKAP79 that are important for this interaction. Residues 30-98 and 311-336 on CnA, and residues 108-280 on AKAP79 were found to be important for binding. The binding of CnA by AKAP79 does not require the calcineurin B subunit, and occurs in a region distinct from where the immunosuppressant-immunophilin complex bind. AKAP79 also bound to CnA in cells transfected with AKAP79 and CnA. To determine the function of AKAP79-calcineurin interaction in intact cells, we measured the dephosphorylation and subsequent activation of NFAT, a transcription factor that is a substrate for calcineurin. Overexpression of AKAP79 inhibited NFAT dephosphorylation, resulting in a decrease in NFAT activation. These results demonstrated that AKAP79 can bind to and inhibit calcineurin activity in vivo, suggesting a physiological role for AKAP79-calcineurin interaction in NFAT-mediated signaling.
Experimental study of effect of vaneless-diffuser diameter on diffuser performance (1948)

Report presenting an investigation of the diameter of vaneless diffusers and how it affects the variations in compressor and diffuser efficiency. The primary efficiency losses occurred in the vicinity of the diffuser entrance and exit. The effect of diffuser diameter was very slight on nearly all characteristics studied.
snoRNA-LBME-db, a comprehensive database of human H/ACA and C/D box snoRNAs (2005)

The snoRNA-LBME-db is a dedicated database containing human C/D box and H/ACA box small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs). C/D box and H/ACA box snoRNAs are part of ribonucleoparticles that guide 2'-O-ribose methylation and pseudouridilation, respectively, of selected residues of 28S, 18S or 5.8S rRNAs or of the spliceosomal U6 RNA. Similarly, scaRNAs guide modifications of the spliceosomal RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II (U1, U2, U4, U5 and U12) and are often composed of both C/D box and H/ACA box domains. However, some snoRNAs do not function as modification guide RNAs, but rather as RNA chaperones during the maturation of pre-rRNA. The database was built by a compilation of the literature, and comprises human sno/scaRNAs that were experimentally verified, as well as the human orthologs of snoRNAs that were cloned in other vertebrate species, and some snoRNAs that are predicted by bioinformatics search in loci submitted to genomic imprinting, but have not all been experimentally verified. For each entry, the database identifies the modified nucleotide(s) in the target RNA(s), indicates the corresponding predicted base pairing, gives a few pertinent references and provides a link to the position of the sno/scaRNA on the UCSC Genome Browser. The 'Find guide RNA' function allows one to find the sno/scaRNAs predicted to guide the modification of a particular nucleotide in the rRNA and spliceosomal RNA sequences. The 'Browse' function allows one to download the sequences of selected sno/scaRNAs in the FASTA format. The database is available online at http://www-snorna.biotoul.fr/. It can also be accessed from the human UCSC Genome Browser via the sno/miRNA track.
Antisense Translates into Sense (1999)

The paradigm that DNA is the central bank of genetic information within the cell, and that portions of the DNA are copied via transcription to RNA, which is subsequently decoded to synthesize protein in a cell, is basically true throughout cellular evolution. However, it is also true that although
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Carbohydrazono-Pyrazole Derivatives with Excellent Transparency (1992)

Nonlinear optical properties and crystal characteristics of carbohydrazono-pyrazole derivatives have been studied. Many hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized and their second-harmonic generation efficiencies have been screened by means of the powder technique. Among them, it is found that 1-methyl-4-nicotinic aldehydecarbohydrazono-5-aminopyrazole (MNACAP) has a large second-order nonlinear efficiency. The MNACAP crystal belongs to the space group P 2 1 . The nonlinear coefficient of crystalline MNACAP is predicted using X-ray diffraction results and the molecular hyperpolarizability derived from the molecular orbital theoretical calculation. It is also confirmed that MNACAP has a short cut-off wavelength around 390 nm and has the high melting point of 265°C.
Improving the nutritive value of rice seeds: elevation of cysteine and methionine contents in rice plants by ectopic expression of a bacterial serine acetyltransferase (2012)

With the aim of increasing the cysteine level in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and thus improving its nutritional quality, transgenic rice plants were generated expressing an Escherichia coli serine acetyltransferase isoform (EcSAT), the enzyme synthesizing O-acetylserine, the precursor of cysteine. The gene was fused to the transit peptide of the Arabidopsis Rubisco and driven by a ubiquitin promoter to target the enzyme to plastids. Twenty-two transgenic plants were examined for transgene protein expression, and five lines with a high expression level and enzymatic activity, respectively, were selected for further analysis. In these lines, the contents of cysteine and glutathione increased 2.4-fold and 2-fold, respectively. More important is the increase in free methionine and methionine incorporated into the water-soluble protein fraction in seeds. Free methionine increased in leaves up to 2.7-fold, in seeds up to 1.4-fold, and bound to seed proteins up to 4.8-fold, respectively, while the bound methionine level remained constant or even decreased in leaves. Notably, the transgenic lines exhibited higher isoleucine, leucine, and valine contents (each up to 2-fold depending on tissue, free, or bound), indicating a potential conversion of methionine via methionine γ-lyase to isoleucine. As the transgenic rice plants overexpressing EcSAT had significantly higher levels of both soluble and protein-bound methionine, isoleucine, cysteine, and glutathione in rice they may represent a model and target system for improving the nutritional quality of cereal crops.