gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Contextual Advertising: Bringing Textual Advertisements to Images (2010)

Advertising in the case of textual Web pages has been studied extensively by many researchers. However, with the increasing amount of multimedia data such as image, audio and video on the Web, the need for recommending advertisement for the multimedia data is becoming a reality. In this paper, we address the novel problem of visual contextual advertising, which is to directly advertise when users are viewing images which do not have any surrounding text. A key challenging issue of visual contextual advertising is that images and advertisements are usually represented in image space and word space respectively, which are quite different with each other inherently. As a result, existing methods for Web page advertising are inapplicable since they represent both Web pages and advertisement in the same word space. In order to solve the problem, we propose to exploit the social Web to link these two feature spaces together. In particular, we present a unified generative model to integrate advertisements, words and images. Specifically, our solution combines two parts in a principled approach: First, we transform images from a image feature space to a word space utilizing the knowledge from images with annotations from social Web. Then, a language model based approach is applied to estimate the relevance between transformed images and advertisements. Moreover, in this model, the probability of recommending an advertisement can be inferred efficiently given an image, which enables potential applications to online advertising.
GDF-15 Is Elevated in Children with Mitochondrial Diseases and Is Induced by Mitochondrial Dysfunction (2016)

Our data indicate that GDF-15 is a valuable serum quantitative biomarker for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases in children and that measurement of both GDF-15 and FGF-21 improves the disease detection ability of either factor separately. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that GDF-15 is produced by skeletal muscle cells in response to mitochondrial dysfunction and that its levels correlate in vitro with FGF-21 levels.
Predicting Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence Using a Panel of Serum Proteomic Biomarkers (2009)

In the current study population, which was matched on Gleason score and TNM staging, pre-radical retropubic prostatectomy prostate specific antigen retained no independent power to predict recurrence. However, by adding 2 proteomic biomarkers to preoperative prostate specific antigen the combined model demonstrated statistically significant value for predicting prostate cancer recurrence in men who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy.
Layer-by-layer thinning of graphene by plasma irradiation and post-annealing (2011)

A simple and efficient method of thinning graphene with an accuracy of a single layer is proposed, which includes mild nitrogen plasma irradiation and annealing in Ar/O2. On the basis of our data, plasma irradiation induces damages in the top-layer graphene and the annealing removes the damaged layer by fast oxidation. The process was used to turn bilayer graphene into monolayer as well as thin multilayer graphene layer-by-layer via repeated utilization. Combined with electron beam lithography, patterns were fabricated by selectively removing graphene planes. The thinned graphene possesses good quality verified by atomic force microscopic investigation and Raman analysis. The process presented here offers a very useful post-synthesis manipulation of graphene thickness, which may find important applications for graphene-based device fabrication.
A Fusion Protein of IgG Fc and Mouse-Derived Antigen on the Surface of Pseudorabies Virus Particles Does Not Accelerate Production of Harmful Auto-Reactive Antibodies (2006)

Previously we reported that immunization with pseudorabies virus (PRV), harboring chimeric Fc on the surface of the virus particles (PRV/Fc), induced higher immune responses than normal PRV particles. The chimeric Fc was fused with mouse transferrin receptor of transmembrane domain (mTR) and the Fc region of immunoglobulin G1. Since it has been reported that some chimeric protein of Fc and self-antigen induce auto-reactive antibodies, in this present study, we examined whether PRV/Fc induces auto-reactive antibodies that react with mTR. PRV/Fc immunized mice produced higher levels of anti-PRV antibodies and antibodies that reacted with mouse-derived 3T3/A31 cells (A31 cell), compared to normal PRV immunized mice. However, antibodies that reacted with mTR in A31 cells were not detected in both Western blot analyses and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The antibodies reacted with an antigen of approximately 16 kDa in A31 cells, but this antigen has a different molecular mass from that of mTR. The antibody also reacted with the antigen of approximately 16 kDa in RK13 cells in which the virus had been propagated. In addition, antibodies induced by immunization with normal PRV also reacted with the same antigen in A31 and RK13 cells. Moreover, neither kidney disorders, in which high levels of mTR were expressed, nor clinical symptoms of autoimmune diseases were observed in mice immunized with either PRV or PRV/Fc. These results indicated that the antibodies were not induced by mTR-Fc, but were instead induced by trace amounts of RK13 derived antigens contained in PRV or PRV/Fc preparations, and cross-reacted with equivalent molecules in mouse derived A31 cells. Therefore, this study confirmed that immunization with PRV/Fc did not induce harmful auto-reactive antibodies.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part CCCXV. Modified total synthesis of (±)-galanthamine through phenol oxidation (1969)

Oxidation of 2-bromo-5-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-4-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (VIII) with ferricyanide afforded the narwedine-type enone (X) in an excellent yield (40%). Reduction of (X) with lithium aluminium hydride gave (±)-galanthamine (II) and (±)-epigalanthamine (XXI) in yields of 50 and 40% respectively. Oxidation of (II) with manganese dioxide afforded (±)-narwedine (XIX) This work also constitutes a formal synthesis of (±)-lycoramine.
A qualitative study of common functional problems experienced by people with complete ulnar nerve paralysis (2008)

Ulnar nerve palsy had an important impact on basic activities of daily living--eating, washing, and drinking. Not only are these activities themselves affected but the person with a hand deformity avoids social situations where it will be noticed. This study indicates that there is a need to identify and treat people who have ulnar nerve palsy in order that they can be integrated into society, become independent with activities of daily living and earn an income.
Western regional air quality studies: Visibility and air quality measurements, 1981-1982: Interim report (1987)

Measurements were made to characterize regional visibility in rural areas of the intermountain western United States and to relate the visibility to particulate matter composition and concentration. The study included three activities: acquisition of instrumental (teleradiometer and nephelometer) and human observer estimates of the visual range, with accompanying vista photographs, at 11 monitoring sites; measurement of particulate matter concentrations and chemical composition concurrently with the visibility measurements; and, creation of a data archive of the merged visibility and particulate matter measurements, intended to be readily accessible for further visibility research.
Genetic Characteristics of Polymorphic Antigenic Markers among Korean Isolates of Plasmodium vivax (2009)

Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan malaria parasite of humans, represents a major public health concern in the Republic of Korea (= South Korea). However, little is known about the genetic properties and population structures of the P. vivax isolates circulating in South Korea. This article reviews known polymorphic genetic markers in South Korean isolates of P. vivax and briefly summarizes the current issues surrounding the gene and population structures of this parasite. The critical genetic characteristics of major antigens of the parasite, such as circumsporozoite protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-3, Duffy binding protein (DBP), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), and GAM-1, are also discussed.
A Unified Hardware and Channel Noise Model for Communication Systems (2010)

This paper presents a single, scalable, unified statistical model that accurately reflects the impact of random embedded memory failures due to power management policies on the overall performance of a communication system. The proposed framework enables system designers to efficiently and accurately determine the effectiveness of novel power management techniques and algorithms that are designed to manage both hardware failure and communication channel noise, without the added cost of lengthy system simulations that are inherently limited and suffer from lack of scalability. Furthermore, the proposed framework facilitates performing both cross layer and intra layer tradeoffs where the faulty hardware can be treated as error-free hardware thus creating a much richer design space of power, performance and reliability.
Protein Targets of Reactive Metabolites of Thiobenzamide in Rat Liver in Vivo (2008)

Thiobenzamide (TB) is a potent hepatotoxin in rats, causing dose-dependent hyperbilirubinemia, steatosis, and centrolobular necrosis. These effects arise subsequent to and appear to result from the covalent binding of the iminosulfinic acid metabolite of TB to cellular proteins and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids [ Ji et al. ( 2007) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20, 701- 708 ]. To better understand the relationship between the protein covalent binding and the toxicity of TB, we investigated the chemistry of the adduction process and the identity of the target proteins. Cytosolic and microsomal proteins isolated from the livers of rats treated with a hepatotoxic dose of [ carboxyl- (14)C]TB contained high levels of covalently bound radioactivity (25.6 and 36.8 nmol equiv/mg protein, respectively). These proteins were fractionated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and radioactive spots (154 cytosolic and 118 microsomal) were located by phosphorimaging. Corresponding spots from animals treated with a 1:1 mixture of TB and TB- d 5 were similarly separated, the spots were excised, and the proteins were digested in gel with trypsin. Peptide mass mapping identified 42 cytosolic and 24 microsomal proteins, many of which appeared in more than one spot on the gel; however, only a few spots contained more than one identifiable protein. Eighty-six peptides carrying either a benzoyl or a benzimidoyl adduct on a lysine side chain were clearly recognized by their d 0/ d 5 isotopic signature (sometimes both in the same digest). Because model studies showed that benzoyl adducts do not arise by hydrolysis of benzimidoyl adducts, it was proposed that TB undergoes S-oxidation twice to form iminosulfinic acid 4 [PhC(NH)SO 2H], which either benzimidoylates a lysine side chain or undergoes hydrolysis to 9 [PhC(O)SO 2H] and then benzoylates a lysine side chain. The proteins modified by TB metabolites serve a range of biological functions and form a set that overlaps partly with the sets of proteins known to be modified by several other metabolically activated hepatotoxins. The relationship of the adduction of these target proteins to the cytotoxicity of reactive metabolites is discussed in terms of three currently popular mechanisms of toxicity: inhibition of enzymes important to the maintenance of cellular energy and homeostasis, the unfolded protein response, and interference with kinase-based signaling pathways that affect cell survival.
Multistable circuit using Λ‐shaped negative resistance devices and its application to frequency divider (1986)

Abstract New voltage‐controlled negative resistance devices, Λ‐shaped negative resistance devices, are combined with Zener diodes and resistors to form a unit circuit. These unit circuits are connected in parallel to create circuit configurations that cannot be realized by previous voltage‐controlled negative resistance devices. This circuit exhibits multipeak characteristics and realizes a multistable circuit and a frequency divider In previous multipeak characteristics, the current peak increases with the voltage. In the present multipeak characteristics, the current peak can be set independetly. A multistable circuit has been constructed with the present structure, analyzed, and its characteristics found. The voltage of the stable point can be varied independently and the number of stable points can be varied with the gate voltage of the Λ‐shaped three‐terminal negative resistance device. When the multistable circuit is used for construction of a frequencey divider, the reset circuit can also be made simply with the Λ‐shaped negative resistance device. In addition to the 1/ n divider, an arbitrary rational ratio divider can be fabricated by addition of a feedback loop.
Variance reduction for quantile estimation via correlation induction (1992)

We propose correlation induction techniques for reducing the variance of quantile estimators in a finitehorizon simulation experiment. Both single-sample and multisample estimators are considered. If the response is monotone in the random-number inputs that drive the simulation and haa a smooth distribution, then the multisample estimators are guaranteed to have asymptotically smaller mean squared error than the direct-simulation estimator. The results of a Monte Carlo study suggest that significant variance reductions can be achieved when estimating quantiles of the completion time of stochastic activity networks.
Immunotherapy and vaccination against cancer with non‐living BCG and cord factor (trehalose‐6,6′‐dimycolate) (1975)

A vaccine containing non-living BCG and living tumour cells prevented the growth of 106 tumour cells introduced distally into the skin of guinea-pigs at the time of vaccination. A similar effect was achieved when living tumour cells of the vaccine were replaced by tumour cells pretreated with mitomycin C. The efficacy of the vaccine was significantly increased when cord factor was added to the vaccination mixture. The percentage of cures was about 88% (17 cases) in experiments in which the vaccine contained living tumour cells, 100% (10 cases) when mitomycin C-treated cells were used. The significance and implications of the above findings are discussed.
Production of Human Immunoglobulin E Antibody <i>In Vitro</i> (1979)

Abstract The discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) (1) has contributed significantly to the understanding of hypersensitivity reactions mediated by reaginic antibody (2) and has led to the development of new diagnostic procedures in the field of allergology (3, 4). Recent studies have demonstrated the production of IgE protein by peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro and have examined the kinetics and pharmacologic control of IgE biosynthesis (5, 6). The purpose of this communication is to describe our observation of in vitro production of IgE protein and antigen-specific IgE antibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from atopic and nonatopic individuals. A modification of the lymphocyte culture method of Waldmann et al. (7) was used in our studies. Blood, 60 ml, was obtained from 11 patients, eight of whom are atopic (geometric mean serum IgE, 247 ng/ml; range 61 to 1079) and three of whom are nonatopic (geometric mean serum IgE, 96 ng/ml; range 73 to 143).
Rapamycin extends murine lifespan but has limited effects on aging (2013)

Aging is a major risk factor for a large number of disorders and functional impairments. Therapeutic targeting of the aging process may therefore represent an innovative strategy in the quest for novel and broadly effective treatments against age-related diseases. The recent report of lifespan extension in mice treated with the FDA-approved mTOR inhibitor rapamycin represented the first demonstration of pharmacological extension of maximal lifespan in mammals. Longevity effects of rapamycin may, however, be due to rapamycin's effects on specific life-limiting pathologies, such as cancers, and it remains unclear if this compound actually slows the rate of aging in mammals. Here, we present results from a comprehensive, large-scale assessment of a wide range of structural and functional aging phenotypes, which we performed to determine whether rapamycin slows the rate of aging in male C57BL/6J mice. While rapamycin did extend lifespan, it ameliorated few studied aging phenotypes. A subset of aging traits appeared to be rescued by rapamycin. Rapamycin, however, had similar effects on many of these traits in young animals, indicating that these effects were not due to a modulation of aging, but rather related to aging-independent drug effects. Therefore, our data largely dissociate rapamycin's longevity effects from effects on aging itself.
Iodobenzene-Catalyzed α-Acetoxylation of Ketones. In Situ Generation of Hypervalent (Diacyloxyiodo)benzenes Using <i>m</i>-Chloroperbenzoic Acid (2005)

Reported here for the first time is the iodobenzene-catalyzed alpha-oxidation of ketones, in which diacyloxy(phenyl)-lambda3-iodanes generated in situ act as real oxidants of ketones and m-chloroperbenzoic acid serves as a terminal oxidant. Oxidation of a ketone with m-chloroperbenzoic acid in acetic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodobenzene, BF3.Et2O, and water at room temperature under argon affords an alpha-acetoxy ketone in good yield. p-Methyl- and p-chloroiodobenzene also serve as efficient catalysts in this direct oxidation. We found that when the reaction was carried out in the absence of a catalytic amount of iodobenzene, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of a ketone took place. It is noted that use of water and BF3.Et2O is crucial to the success of this alpha-acetoxylation.
Why the Authentication Data Suboption is Needed for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) (2009)

Mobile IPv6 defines a set of signaling messages that enable the mobile node (MN) to authenticate and perform registration with its home agent (HA). These authentication signaling messages between the mobile node and home agent are secured by an IPsec security association (SA) that is established between the MN and HA. The MIP6 working group has specified a mechanism to secure the Binding Update (BU) and Binding Acknowledgement (BAck) messages using an authentication option, similar to the authentication option in Mobile IPv4, carried within the signaling messages that are exchanged between the MN and HA to establish a binding. This document provides the justifications as to why the authentication option mechanism is needed for Mobile IPv6 deployment in certain environments.
Information Retrieval Systems: Theory and Implementation (1997)

Preface. 1. Introduction to Information Processing Systems. 2. Information Retrieval System Capabilities. 3. Cataloging and Indexing. 4. Data Structures. 5. Automatic Indexing. 6. Document and Term Clustering. 7. User Search Techniques. 8. Information Visualization. 9. Text Search Algorithms. 10. Information System Evaluation. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
Manifold studies of nonlinear antenna array geometries (2001)

The manifold of a general two- or three-dimensional (2-D or 3-D) array of sensors is studied using differential geometry. By considering the azimuth and elevation angles as the parameters of interest, a manifold surface is formed embedded in a multidimensional complex space, initially, this surface is investigated by establishing a number of differential geometry parameters associated with the array manifold. Then, the concept of development is proposed for mapping manifold surfaces (embedded in a multidimensional complex space) on the real 2-D parameter plane. The proposed mapping preserves certain differential geometry characteristics of the manifold surface and provides a simplified representation for the analysis. The potential benefits of this mapping, as well as of the proposed parameters, are demonstrated in the analysis of 3-D and planar arrays of omnidirectional sensors and in a number of potential applications, varying from array design to handling the array ambiguity problem.
The obfuscation method of digital circuits based on the use of logical implications (2012)

A new method for obfuscation of digital circuits is suggested. The method is based on the use of logical implications with the introduction of a certain number of fictive cycles into the combination network, which makes the problem of the automatic restoration of its Boolean function extremely complex. The importance of counting the results of the temporal analysis for the problem under consideration is shown. The notion of damping cycles is introduced; their addition does not vary the functionality of the combination network. The results of numerical experiments confirming the efficiency of the suggested method are presented.
Skintillates (2016)

Skintillates is a wearable technology that mimics tattoos - the oldest and most commonly used on-skin displays in human culture. We demonstrate that by fabricating electrical traces and thin electronics on temporary tattoo paper, a wide array of displays and sensors can be created. Just like the traditional temporary tattoos often worn by children and adults alike, Skintillates flex naturally with the user's skin. Our simple fabrication technique also enables users to freely design and print with a full range of colors to create application-specific customized designs. We demonstrate the technical capabilities of Skintillates as sensors and as expressive personal and private displays through a series of application examples. Finally, we detail the results of a set of user studies that highlight the user experience, comfort, durability, acceptability, and application potential for Skintillates.
Organocatalytic Multicomponent α‐Methylenation/Diels–Alder Reactions: A Versatile Route to Substituted Cyclohexenecarbaldehyde Derivatives (2008)

This article describes the design and optimization of an effective organocatalytic three-component domino alpha-methylenation/Diels-Alder reaction to produce vinyl-substituted cyclohexenecarboxaldehydes in a highly regioselective fashion. In these one-pot transformations, 2-formyl-1,3-butadienes (4) were prepared in situ from alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and formalin and were subsequently trapped with a variety of buta-1,3-dienes. The outcomes of the reactions were dependent on the electronic properties of the dienes. 1-Vinylcyclohexenecarbaldehydes 6 were formed by use of acyclic electron-rich dienes, while the initially formed cycloadducts of 4 with cyclopentadiene underwent Cope rearrangements, leading to the formation of tetrahydro-3H-indene-5-carbaldehyde compounds 7. The mechanisms involved in these reactions were deduced from experimental findings. Furthermore, the method was also extended to one-pot domino methylenation/Diels-Alder reactions of dihydrofurans and dihydropyrans to yield spirocyclic lactols 22. In these reactions, the unstable intermediate hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl acroleins behaved as dienophiles, undergoing cycloaddition reactions with dienes with good yields and selectivities. The wide variety of functionalized 1-vinylcyclohex-3-enecarbaldehydes 6, 4-vinylcyclohex-1-enecarbaldehydes 7, and spiro lactols 22 generated through the use of these organocatalytic domino processes as a diversity-oriented synthesis provided useful intermediates for the construction of novel odorants.