gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge collection studies of a high resolution CZT-based detector for PET (2008)

Our team is developing the CZT Small Animal PET System, a 1-mm resolution imager for small animal studies. The techniques are also applicable to breast imaging with PET, and Compton imaging for gamma-ray surveillance and threat assessment. CZT detectors are used to achieve 2 – 3 % FWHM energy resolution at 511 keV, which strongly suppresses the effects of Compton scattering on image quality and quantification. The detectors are read out with a novel crossed-strip electrode technique that localizes interaction sites in two dimensions. In the third dimension, charge drift time and the ratio of cathode to anode signals are used for localization. With these capabilities and our electrode design, photon interaction sites are resolved into voxels measuring 1 mm × 1 mm transverse to the incoming direction of an annihilation photon and 5 mm parallel to it, which should enable 1 mm tomographic reconstructed spatial resolution in three dimensions. A steering electrode between the anodes improves charge collection and energy resolution. The detectors’ size is 39 mm × 39 mm × 5 mm and they are read out with RENA-3 ASICs. To study detector and ASIC performance, we developed the Evaluation System that contains four detectors and six RENA-3s. We describe the CZT Small Animal PET System, the Evaluation System, and the detector design. Then we report measurements of the detector’s spatial and energy resolution, the effect of the steering electrode on charge collection, and plans for the future.
Nano-structured nickel oxide based DNA biosensor for detection of visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) (2011)

Sol-gel synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) film deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plate has been utilized for the development of sensitive and stable DNA biosensor and demonstrated for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis also known as Kala-azar. Leishmania specific sensor is developed by immobilizing 23mer DNA sequence (oligonucleotide) identified from 18S rRNA gene sequences from Leishmania donovani. Characterization studies like X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the formation of nano-structured NiO, while immobilization of single strand (ss)-DNA of Leishmania was supported by UV-visible, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques. Response studies of ss-DNA/NiO/ITO bioelectrode are carried out using differential pulsed voltammetry in presence of methylene blue redox dye as a redox mediator. A linear response is obtained in the wide concentration range of 2 pg ml(-1) to 2 μg ml(-1) of complementary target genomic DNA (disease DNA) within the variation of 10% for 5 sets of studies. The observed results hold promise not only for diagnosis of Kala-azar patients but also hold enormous potential of the nano-NiO based probe for development of stable and sensitive biosensors.
The extended environment. (1994)

The potential in electroacoustic music to amalgamate sounds of natural real-world sources with the powerful signal processing and synthesis offered by computers makes possible interplay between different levels of sonic "reality" and "abstraction". A range of works is discussed in terms of this reality-abstraction continuum, suggesting ways in which articulation of the continuum, through mediation and juxtaposition, offers useful levels of structural interpretation in electroacoustic music.
Modifying diets to satisfy nutritional requirements using linear programming (1992)

A computational method for constructing individually acceptable diets by modifying a chosen diet to meet nutritional requirements is described. The effects on food quantities of imposing different nutrient requirements on a sample diet are demonstrated and techniques which can ensure the acceptability to the individual of the modified diet are described. The starting point in the calculation is the person's current dietary intake. This is modified using linear programming methods which make the smallest changes to the food quantities to meet specific targets. Sequential modification can be used to identify changes that are acceptable to the individual. The computer program has been developed in collaboration with practising dietitians and is in use in some leading UK hospitals.
The use of life review activity with confused nursing home residents. (1979)

Reminiscing and life review are adaptive tasks of old age. This article describes an occupational therapy group program for confused nursing home residents designed to facilitate reminiscing and promote the review process. Results of the study indicate that behaviors of confused residents improved during group meetings and that participants who attended most frequently showed the greatest change in behavior.
Peculiar ZnO nanopushpins and nanotubes synthesized via simple thermal evaporation (2005)

ZnO nanostructures with peculiar morphology were synthesized in large quantities via catalyst-free thermal evaporation. Both ZnO nanopushpins with very thin and flat cap on top of the nanorods, and regular hexagonal nanotubes, can be obtained in the same run of growth in different regions. The ZnO nanopushpins and nanotubes were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed that the emission from oxygen vacancy overwhelmed that of the near band gap in the as-grown ZnO nanotube arrays.
Comparison of morpholino based translational inhibition during the development of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> and <i>Xenopus tropicalis</i> (2001)

Morpholino (MO) based inhibition of translational initiation represents an attractive methodology to eliminate gene function during Xenopus development (Heasman et al., 2000). However, the degree to which a given target protein can be eliminated and the longevity of this effect during embryogenesis has not been documented. To examine the efficacy of MOs, we have used transgenic Xenopus lines that harbour known numbers of integrations of a GFP reporter under the control of the ubiquitous and highly expressed CMV promoter (Fig. 1a). In addition we have investigated the longevity of the inhibitory effect by using transgenic lines expressing GFP specifically in the lens of tadpoles. These transgenic lines represent the ideal control for the technique as the promoters are highly expressed and GFP can be easily detected by fluorescence and immunoblotting. Moreover, as GFP has no function in development, the levels of inhibition can be tested in an otherwise normal individual. Here we report that MOs are able to efficiently and specifically inhibit the translation of GFP in transgenic lines from Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis and the inhibitory effect is long-lived, lasting into the tadpole stages. genesis 30:110--113, 2001.
Vocal sonification of pathologic EEG features (2006)

<center><img\nsrc="https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/download/2017291/2920031"\nwidth="300" style="float:right;" ></center>\nWe introduce a novel approach in EEG data sonification for process monitoring and exploratory as well as comparative data analysis. The approach uses an excitory/articulatory speech model and a particularly selected parameter mapping to obtain auditory gestalts (or auditory objects) that correspond to features in the multivariate signals. The sonification is adaptable to patient-specific data patterns, so that only characteristic deviations from background behavior (pathologic features) are involved in the sonification rendering. Thus the approach combines data mining techniques and case-dependent sonification design to give an application-specific solution with high potential for clinical use. We explain the sonification technique in detail and present sound examples from clinical data sets.
Determination of huperzine A in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: application to a bioequivalence study on Chinese volunteers (2007)

A simple, sensitive and selective LC-MS-MS method has been developed for the quantification of huperzine A in human plasma. Huperzine A and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (internal standard) were isolated from human plasma by extraction with ethyl acetate, chromatographed on a C(18) column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid-methanol (15:85, v/v) and detected using a tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization interface. The lower limit of quantification was 0.0508 ng/mL, and the assay exhibited a linear range of 0.0508-5.08 ng/mL (r = 0.9998). The method was successfully applied to investigate the bioequivalence between two kinds of tablets (test vs reference product) in 18 healthy male Chinese volunteers. After a single 0.2 mg dose for the test and reference product, the resulting means of major pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC(0-24), AUC(0-infinity), C(max), T(max) and t(1/2) of huperzine A were 16.35 +/- 3.42 vs 16.38 +/- 3.61 ng h/mL, 17.53 +/- 3.80 vs 17.70 +/- 3.97 ng h/mL, 2.47 +/- 0.49 vs 2.51 +/- 0.51 ng/mL, 1.3 +/- 0.4 vs 1.2 +/- 0.3 h and 5.92 +/- 0.75 vs 6.18 +/- 0.66 h, respectively, indicating that these two kinds of tablets were bioequivalent.
Providing a forensic psychiatry service to a magistrates' court (1992)

Abstract We looked at the volume and type of work involved in providing a psychiatric service to a busy inner city magistrates' court. We assessed all remand prisoners considered to be mentally disordered and who were appearing before the bench on the day of referral. We found that most of the referrals were appropriate and required some form of intervention. There was co-operation from the courts and district psychiatric services though the latter expressed concern about the implications of the purchaser provider model.
<title>Evaluation of the effect of noise on subjective image quality</title> (1991)

Basic considerations are given about the effect of static and dynamic noise on the contrast sensitivity of the eye and a numerical evaluation is made of published data on this subject. The results of this analysis are used to extend the square-root integral method for the evaluation of subjective image quality in such a way that it also can be applied to describe the effect of noise. Using an adapted version of the square- root-integral, calculations are made for experiments with pictures with various amounts of white noise found in literature. From a comparison between measurements and calculations, it appears that the image quality calculated in this way shows a very good correlation with the measurents.
Infancy and Education in the Writings of Gertrud the Great of Helfta (2000)

The German Benedictine nun Gertrud the Great of Heifta c.1256-1302 was one of the most highly educated of medieval women mystics. Unlike most religious women of the Middle Ages, she not only read Latin but also wrote it fluently and prolifically. Latin is the language of almost all her surviving writings: The Herald of God's Loving-Kindness, The Spiritual Exercises and (probably also written by her) The Book of Special Grace. The Herald consists of five books, although only Book 2 comes, quite literally, from the pen of Gertrud herself. The opening describes how she snatched up the writing tablet at her side and wrote the first section under divine inspiration (II, Prologue).
New Antiviral Nucleoside Prodrugs Await Application (2003)

In this review, we intend to highlight outstanding concepts of antiviral nucleoside prodrugs which have been developed in recent years, so as to improve the efficacy of a given antiviral drug or to overcome some drug deficiencies. Examples of antiviral carrier-linked nucleoside prodrugs or nucleoside bioprecursors are described, and their active mechanisms discussed. The described nucleoside prodrugs are classified in two structural classes: prodrugs bearing molecular modifications on the sugar moiety and prodrugs bearing molecular modifications on the nucleic base. Despite the important research work accomplished through out the world during the last few years in developing improved antiviral drugs for the treatment of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HBV (hepatitis B virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), HSV (herpes simplex virus), HCMV (human cytomegalovirus), etc infections, only few nucleoside antiviral prodrugs are marketed, while promising prodrugs deriving from original concepts were developed. The most relevant concepts are discussed: (1) - pronucleotide approach allows the design of prodrugs, which by-pass the first kinase phosphorylation step; (2) - drug design based on Bodor's concept for brain delivery improved drugs and (3) - 5'-O-carbonate nucleosides and deaminase approaches, which allow active drug regeneration. Nonetheless, none of these innovative models have reached the market.
ROOT ALKALOIDS OF<i>RAUWOLFIA VOMITORIA</i>Afz. (1977)

<p>Over the past decade many organizations are increasingly concerned with the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Implementation can be considered to be a process of organizational change influenced by different factors of type organizational, technological and human. This paper reports on critical success factors (CSFs) in two actual ERP implementation projects in industry. Critical success factors are being recognized and used in these projects and serve as a reference base for monitoring and controling the implementation projects. The paper identifies both (dis)advantages of CSFs and shortcomings of ERP implementation project management.</p>
Production of Cellulose Microfibrils by <i>Rhizobium</i> (1975)

Electron microscope examination of Rhizobium spp. revealed microfibrils produced by flocculating strains but not by nonflocculating strains. The microfibrils from R. trifolii (NA30) were isolated and identified as cellulose by enzymatic, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectral analyses. Both infective and noninfective strains of R. trifolii flocculated and produced microfibrils. More infection threads were observed in clover root hairs growing in the presence of flocs in comparison with root hairs where single bacterial cells predominated.
A realistic distributed storage system: the rack model (2013)

In a realistic distributed storage environment, storage nodes are usually placed in racks, a metallic support designed to accommodate electronic equipment. It is known that the communication (bandwidth) cost between nodes which are in the same rack is much lower than between nodes which are in different racks. In this paper, a new model, where the storage nodes are placed in two racks, is proposed and analyzed. Moreover, the two-rack model is generalized to any number of racks. In this model, the storage nodes have different repair costs depending on the rack where they are placed. A threshold function, which minimizes the amount of stored data per node and the bandwidth needed to regenerate a failed node, is shown. This threshold function generalizes the ones given for previous distributed storage models. The tradeoff curve obtained from this threshold function is compared with the ones obtained from the previous models, and it is shown that this new model outperforms the previous ones in terms of repair cost.
Light‐Emitting Polythiophenes (2005)

Abstract Polythiophenes are one of the most important classes of conjugated polymers, with a wide range of applications, such as conducting films, electrochromics, and field‐effect transistors, which have been the subject of a number of older and more recent reviews. Much less attention has been paid to the light‐emitting properties of this class of materials, although their unique properties present a number of opportunities unavailable from more popular polymeric light emitters such as polyfluorene or poly( p ‐phenylene vinylene). This article reviews achievements to date in applications of thiophene‐based polymers and oligomers as electroluminescent materials. We demonstrate the basic principles of controlling the optical properties of polythiophenes through structural modifications and review the most important light‐emitting materials created from thiophene derivatives. Special attention is paid to consequences of structural variations on the performance of light‐emitting diodes fabricated with these materials.
Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3B, (LC3B) Is Necessary to Maintain Lipid-Mediated Homeostasis in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (2018)

Like other neurons, retinal cells utilize autophagic pathways to maintain cell homeostasis. The mammalian retina relies on heterophagy and selective autophagy to efficiently degrade and metabolize ingested lipids with disruption in autophagy associated degradation contributing to age related retinal disorders. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) supports photoreceptor cell renewal by daily phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments (OS). The daily ingestion of these lipid-rich OS imposes a constant degradative burden on these terminally differentiated cells. These cells rely on Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 (LC3) family of proteins for phagocytic clearance of the ingested OS. The LC3 family comprises of three highly homologous members, <i>MAP1LC3A</i> (LC3A), <i>MAP1LC3B</i> (LC3B), and <i>MAP1LC3C</i> (LC3C). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the LC3B isoform plays a specific role in maintaining RPE lipid homeostasis. We examined the RPE and retina of the <i>LC3B</i> <sup>-/-</sup> mouse as a function of age using <i>in vivo</i> ocular imaging and electroretinography coupled with <i>ex vivo</i>, lipidomic analyses of lipid mediators, assessment of bisretinoids as well as imaging of lipid aggregates. Deletion of LC3B resulted in defects within the RPE including increased phagosome accumulation, decreased fatty acid oxidation and a subsequent increase in RPE and sub-RPE lipid deposits. Age-dependent RPE changes included elevated levels of oxidized cholesterol, deposition of 4-HNE lipid peroxidation products, bisretinoid lipofuscin accumulation, and subretinal migration of microglia, collectively likely contributing to loss of retinal function. These observations are consistent with a critical role for LC3B-dependent processes in the maintenance of normal lipid homeostasis in the aging RPE, and suggest that LC3 isoform specific disruption in autophagic processes contribute to AMD-like pathogenesis.
Enhanced germicidal effects of pulsed UV-LED irradiation on biofilms (2010)

This study can assist in developing a low-frequency pulsed UVA-LED system to be applied to pathogenic biofilms for disinfection.
A Simulator Study of TKR Kinematics Using Modeled Soft-Tissue Constraint: Virtual Soft-Tissue Control for Knee Simulation (2006)

Abstract The clinical relevance of knee simulation relies on the accurate reproduction of in vivo TKR kinematics. Current generation force-control knee simulators use mechanical springs to simulate the knee's soft-tissue constraint. Because the constraint provided by the soft tissue is complex in nature, with nonlinear force displacement characteristics and axis coupled behavior, it is difficult or impossible to model this behavior with mechanical springs. This paper describes a virtual soft-tissue control methodology, which provides enhanced modeling of the knee's soft tissue. TKR kinematics were evaluated for a posteriorly stabilized prosthetic device using a range of plausible soft-tissue models derived from the literature. The device was exercised with the standard ISO force-control waveforms while varying the constraint model to compare several different soft-tissue models. Kinematic and kinetic data were taken and tracking performance analyzed for several different constraint models.
Asymmetric polymerization of aromatic isocyanates with optically active anionic initiators (1994)

Abstract The asymmetric anionic polymerization of o‐ , m‐ , and p ‐methylphenyl isocyanates, p ‐methoxyphenyl isocyanate, p ‐chlorophenyl isocyanate, 2,6‐ and 3,4‐dimethylphenyl isocyanates, and 1‐naphthyl isocyanate was carried out using chiral anionic initiators such as the lithium salts of (−) ‐menthol, (−) ‐(2‐methoxymethyl) pyrrolidine, and (+) ‐1‐(2‐pyrrolidinylmethyl) pyrrolidine. Although o ‐methylphenyl isocyanate gave an insoluble polymer and 2,6‐dimethylphenyl isocyanate afforded no polymer, the other monomers gave soluble polymers, which showed optical activity due to the prevailing helicity of the polymer chain induced by chiral initiator residues attached to the α‐end of the polymer chain. The molecular mechanics conformational calculation for a tetramer of m ‐methylphenyl isocyanate supported the helical conformation of the main chain. The optical rotation of the polymers depended significantly on temperature. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Method for Knowledge Discovery and Development with Health Data (2011)

One of the most overlooked problems in the field of knowledge discovery is the acquisition and incorporation of existing knowledge about the data being analysed (Fayyad, Piatetsky-Shapiro et al. 1996; Pohle 2003; Kotsifakos, Marketos et al. 2008; Marinica and Guillet 2009). Doing this efficiently and effectively can greatly improve the relevance and usefulness of the results discovered, particularly for complex domains with a large amount of existing knowledge (Adejuwon & Mosavi, 2010; C. Zhang, Yu, & Bell, 2009). This study applies the successful Multiple Classification Ripple Down Rules (MCRDR) knowledge acquisition method to build a knowledge base from a complex dataset of lung function data, and describes a method for utilising the dataset to provide additional knowledge validation. The method acquired knowledge successfully, but indicated that a focus on rule-driven knowledge acquisition may adversely affect the MCRDR process. Knowledge acquisition was performed with multiple domain experts, with separate knowledge bases successfully consolidated using an evidence-based method to quantify differences and resolve conflicts. This knowledge comparison method was also tested as a learning and assessment tool for a small group of medical students, with positive results. In addition, the consolidated expert knowledge base was applied to the analysis of the lung function data, with a set of common data mining techniques, to reproduce and expand on a group of published lung function studies. Results showed that new knowledge could be discovered effectively and efficiently in a complex domain, despite the user having little domain knowledge themselves. Results were supported by recent literature, and include findings that may be of interest in the respiratory field. Notably, newly discovered knowledge is automatically incorporated into the knowledge base, allowing incremental knowledge discovery and easy application of those discoveries.
Approximate maximum-likelihood delay estimation via orthogonal wavelet transform (2002)

A novel approximate maximum likelihood algorithm is proposed for estimating the time difference of arrival between signals received at two spatially separated sensors. Prior to cross correlation, one of the channel outputs is optimally weighted at different frequency bands with the use of an orthogonal wavelet decomposition. It can be viewed as a time domain implementation of the generalized cross correlation method. However, it does not suffer from the performance degradation due to the errors inherent in spectral estimation obtained from finite length data and is computationally efficient. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms direct cross correlation particularly when the noise level is high.