gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Neural Circuitry for Precise Temporal Sequences through Spontaneous Activity, Axon Remodeling, and Synaptic Plasticity (2007)

Temporally precise sequences of neuronal spikes that span hundreds of milliseconds are observed in many brain areas, including songbird premotor nucleus, cat visual cortex, and primary motor cortex. Synfire chains-networks in which groups of neurons are connected via excitatory synapses into a unidirectional chain-are thought to underlie the generation of such sequences. It is unknown, however, how synfire chains can form in local neural circuits, especially for long chains. Here, we show through computer simulation that long synfire chains can develop through spike-time dependent synaptic plasticity and axon remodeling-the pruning of prolific weak connections that follows the emergence of a finite number of strong connections. The formation process begins with a random network. A subset of neurons, called training neurons, intermittently receive superthreshold external input. Gradually, a synfire chain emerges through a recruiting process, in which neurons within the network connect to the tail of the chain started by the training neurons. The model is robust to varying parameters, as well as natural events like neuronal turnover and massive lesions. Our model suggests that long synfire chain can form during the development through self-organization, and axon remodeling, ubiquitous in developing neural circuits, is essential in the process.
Selective Regulation of RNK-16 Cell Matrix Metalloproteinases by the EP<sub>4</sub> Subtype of Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Receptor (1996)

Cell surface expression of multiple structurally and functionally distinct prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors (Rs), designated the EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 Rs, is a principal determinant of the diverse cellular effects of PGE2. The RNK-16 line of rat large granular lymphocytes, which has served as a model for natural killer cells, coexpresses a mean of 1092 EP3 Rs and EP4 Rs per cell with a mean Kd of 2.7 nM. The presence of the EP3 and EP4 Rs and the absence of the EP1 and EP2 Rs were revealed by inhibition of [3H]PGE2 binding by the EP3/EP1R agonist sulprostone, the EP3/EP2/EP4R agonist M&B 28767, and the EP2/EP4/EP3R agonist misoprostol but not by the EP1R antagonist SC-19220 or the EP2R agonist butaprost. Functional EP4 R expression was confirmed by finding that PGE2 and misoprostol, but not butaprost or sulprostone, evoked increases in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP ([cAMP]) in RNK-16 cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -3 were identified by zymography and Western blots as the principal MMPs secreted by RNK-16 cells. Secretion of both MMPs by RNK-16 cells attained a maximal level after 24 h of incubation and was enhanced significantly by 10(-9) to 10(-7) M PGE2, 10(-6) M misoprostol, and 10(-4) M dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but not by the EP3R agonist sulprostone. Thus, the effect of PGE2 on RNK-16 cell MMP secretion is mediated by an EP4 R-dependent mechanism involving increases in [cAMP]i. The migration of RNK-16 cells across micropore filters, without or with a layer of Matrigel, was stimulated chemokinetically by PGE2 and misoprostol. PGE2-elicited chemokinesis of RNK-16 cells across a Matrigel model basement membrane, but not across a microfilter alone, was suppressed by the GM 6001 inhibitor of MMP activities. Stimulation of MMP activities in RNK-16 cells by the EP4R thus facilitates migration of the NK cells across vascular basement membranes.
Merging Multiple Stacks MRI Into a Single Data Volume (2006)

Image-guided neurosurgery depends on both high image contrast and resolution. With pre-operative images, surgeons can precisely navigate using specialized instruments to in-vivo targets of interest such as the globus pallidus or subthalamic regions. Current MR imaging techniques, however, do not offer the full resolution and contrast-to-noise requirements needed by these surgical methods. This paper examines a technique based on projections onto convex sets (POCS) and relies on superresolution restoration that reaches high contrast and resolution for deep brain stimulator implantation surgery. An inversion process is introduced for combining multiple scans at different orientations with downsampled measurements producing a single data volume of high resolution and contrast
Regulation of Acute Lung Inflammatory Injury by Endogenous IL-13 (1999)

Using IgG immune complex deposition to trigger acute lung inflammation in rats, we have previously shown that exogenously administered IL-13 suppresses the acute inflammatory response. In the same model, expression of both mRNA and protein for IL-13 has now been detected. Treatment of rats with Ab to IL-13 accentuated the inflammatory response, with significant increases in lung vascular permeability and in the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. In the presence of anti-IL-13, activation of the transcription factor, NF-kappaB, was significantly increased in lung. In addition, anti-IL-13 caused significant increases in bronchoalveolar lavage levels of TNF-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and cytokine-inducible neutrophil chemoattractant but no changes in lung vascular ICAM-1. These data suggest that during lung inflammation endogenous IL-13 regulates NF-kappaB activation and related cytokine/chemokine generation, all of which determines the intensity of the lung inflammatory response.
<i>In Situ</i>Electron Microscopy Studies of the Sintering of Palladium Nanoparticles on Alumina during Catalyst Regeneration Processes (2004)

Sintering of a palladium catalyst supported on alumina (Al2O3) in an oxidizing environment was studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the case of a fresh catalyst, sintering of Pd particles on an alumina surface in a 500 mTorr steam environment happened via traditional ripening or migration and coalescence mechanisms and was not significant unless heating above 500 degrees C. After the catalyst was used for the hydrogenation of alkynes, TEM coupled with convergent beam electron diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis revealed that most of the Pd particles were lifted from the alumina surface by hydrocarbon buildup. This dramatically different morphology totally changed the sintering mechanism of Pd particles during the regeneration process. Catalytic gasification of hydrocarbon around these particles in an oxidizing environment allowed the Pd particles to move around and coalesce with each other at temperatures as low as 350 degrees C. For catalysts heating under 500 mTorr steam at 350 degrees C, steam stripped hydrocarbon catalytically at the beginning, but the reaction stopped after 4 h. Heating in air resulted in both catalytic and noncatalytic stripping of hydrocarbon.
STUDY OF HUMAN URINARY TRYPSIN INHIBITOR (1983)

ヒト尿中 trypsin inhibitor (UTI) を比較的簡単な方法で, 中性付近の溶液を使用することにより高率に精製することに成功した. 得られたUTIは分子量67,000で, trypsin 活性を強く阻害し, kallikrein, α-chymotrypsin 活性に対しても弱いながら阻害能が認められたが, urokinase, plasmin, thrombin に対しては阻害作用を示さなかつた. UTIの起源を追求する目的で抗UTI抗体を作製し, 血中におけるUTIと同一の抗原性を有する inhibitor の存在を検討したところ, 抗UTIウサギ血清と反応する物質の存在を認め, それが既知の種々血中 trypsin inhibitor とは抗原性が異なることより, 新しい物質である可能性が考えられた.
Functional interactions of APP with the apoE receptor family (2008)

The beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but its normal functions in the brain are poorly understood. A number of APP-interacting proteins have been identified: intracellularly, APP interacts with adaptor proteins through its conserved NPXY domain; extracellularly, APP interacts with a component of the extracellular matrix, F-spondin. Interestingly, many of these APP-interacting proteins also interact with the family of receptors for apolipoprotein E (apoE), the Alzheimer's disease risk factor. apoE receptors also share with APP the fact that they are cleaved by the same secretase activities. apoE receptors are shed from the cell surface, a cleavage that is regulated by receptor-ligand interactions, and C-terminal fragments of apoE receptors are cleaved by gamma-secretase. Functionally, both APP and apoE receptors affect neuronal migration and synapse formation in the brain. This review summarizes these numerous interactions between APP and apoE receptors, which provide clues about the normal functions of APP.
Parametric seeding of a microresonator optical frequency comb (2013)

We have investigated parametric seeding of a microresonator frequency comb (microcomb) by way of a pump laser with two electro-optic-modulation sidebands. We show that the pump-sideband spacing is precisely replicated throughout the microcomb's optical spectrum, and we demonstrate a record absolute line-spacing stability for microcombs of 1.6 × 10(-13) at 1 s. The spectrum of a microcomb is complex, and often non-equidistant subcombs are observed. Our results demonstrate that parametric seeding can not only control the subcombs, but can lead to the generation of a strictly equidistant microcomb spectrum.
Nutritional Regulation of Bile Acid Metabolism Is Associated with Improved Pathological Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome (2011)

Bile acids (BAs) are powerful regulators of metabolism, and mice treated orally with cholic acid are protected from diet-induced obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, and increased plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and glucose levels. Here, we show that plasma BA concentration in rats was elevated by exchanging the dietary protein source from casein to salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH). Importantly, the SPH-treated rats were resistant to diet-induced obesity. SPH-treated rats had reduced fed state plasma glucose and TAG levels and lower TAG in liver. The elevated plasma BA concentration was associated with induction of genes involved in energy metabolism and uncoupling, Dio2, Pgc-1α, and Ucp1, in interscapular brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, the same transcriptional pattern was found in white adipose tissue depots of both abdominal and subcutaneous origin. Accordingly, rats fed SPH-based diet exhibited increased whole body energy expenditure and heat dissipation. In skeletal muscle, expressions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ target genes (Cpt-1b, Angptl4, Adrp, and Ucp3) were induced. Pharmacological removal of BAs by inclusion of 0.5 weight % cholestyramine to the high fat SPH diet attenuated the reduction in abdominal obesity, the reduction in liver TAG, and the decrease in nonfasted plasma TAG and glucose levels. Induction of Ucp3 gene expression in muscle by SPH treatment was completely abolished by cholestyramine inclusion. Taken together, our data provide evidence that bile acid metabolism can be modulated by diet and that such modulation may prevent/ameliorate the characteristic features of the metabolic syndrome.
User interface for an in-home environment (2001)

This paper describes the development of novel user interface concepts for an in-home environment. If interaction devices at various places in a house are interconnected through an in-home network, people are no longer restricted to a location where a device with a particular functionality is located. Instead, they are even able to start an activity (such as watching a movie or making a videophone call) in one room and continue it in another room of the house. Two user interface concepts are described that enable this relocation of activities. In addition, a user interface is described for local activity handling, such as beginning and ending activities and switching between activities. We followed an iterative and user-centered approach with several evaluations during the process. A fully working in-home network was implemented and evaluated with both UI experts and potential end-users.
Characterization of New Oral Antidiabetic Agent CS-045: Studies in KK and <i>ob/ob</i> Mice and Zucker Fatty Rats (1988)

CS-045 is a new oral antidiabetic agent that was effective in insulin-resistant diabetic animal models, including the KK mouse, the ob/ob mouse, and the Zucker fatty rat. CS-045 was not effective in the streptozocin-treated mouse, an insulin-deficient diabetic animal model. In fed KK mice, CS-045 lowered the plasma glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner after a single oral administration, and the hypoglycemic effect lasted for at least 18 h. In normal rats, however, plasma glucose levels were not changed after administration of CS-045. CS-045 when given chronically (2 wk) to diabetic KK and ob/ob mice as a 0.2% food admixture dramatically improved hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia to near-normal values and decreased plasma lactate, free fatty acid, and ketone body levels without reducing food intake or body weight. In the obese Zucker fatty rat, oral administration of CS-045 had a similar effect in lowering plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, free fatty acid, lactate, and ketone body levels. The CS-045-treated Zucker fatty rats showed increased glucose tolerance and decreased insulin secretion in response to oral glucose. After 9 days of treatment, insulin binding to adipocyte plasma membranes from both CS-045-treated Zucker fatty rats and KK mice was increased. Furthermore, 2-deoxyglucose uptake in CS-045-treated adipocytes was increased and the insulin dose-response curve was shifted to the left. These findings suggest that CS-045 increases not only insulin sensitivity but also insulin responsiveness. Based on its pharmacological profile, CS-045 is a new orally effective antidiabetic agent that may reduce abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism in obese and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with insulin resistance.
Congenital Heart Disease.—I (1950)

In the past the chief contributions to the better under- standing of congenital heart disease have been based on necropsy studies, particularly those by Peacock (1866), Keith, (1909), and Maud Abbott (1928). More recently, Brown (1939) and Helen Taussig (1947) have presented us with important monographs from a more practical angle, but even these have depended on the correlation of clinical and post-mortem findings. In some respects all these works have necessarily been influenced by the selected nature of the material, and have tended to create a number of false impressions. For example, of Abbott's 1,000 cases there were 37 with three-chambered hearts, 81 with partial or complete transposition of the great vessels, 40 with pul- monary atresia, 21 with persistent truncus, and 16 with tricuspid atresia (total 195); against 33 with atrial septal defect (A.S.D.), 55 with uncomplicated ventricular septal defects (V.S.D.), 105 with uncomplicated patent ductus, 9 with simple pulmonary stenosis, and about 71 with Fallot's tetralogy (total 273), giving a ratio of the rare to the com- mon types of 2:3. Again, in 1947 Helen Taussig stated that she hadnever had an opportunity of studying a single case of pure pulmonary stenosis. The suggestion that V.S.D. accounts for 35-40% of all congenital hearts seen in school-children (Perry, 1931 ; Muir and Brown, 1934) is also unacceptable.
Interaction of c-Jun Amino-terminal Kinase Interacting Protein-1 with p190 rhoGEF and Its Localization in Differentiated Neurons (1999)

c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) interacting protein-1 (JIP-1) was originally identified as a cytoplasmic inhibitor of JNK. More recently, JIP-1 was proposed to function as a scaffold protein by complexing specific components of the JNK signaling pathway, namely JNK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7, and mixed lineage kinase 3. We have identified the human homologue of JIP-1 that contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain in addition to a JNK binding domain and an Src homology 3 domain. To identify binding targets for the hJIP-1 PTB domain, a mouse embryo cDNA library was screened using the yeast two-hybrid system. One clone encoded a 191-amino acid region of the neuronal protein rhoGEF, an exchange factor for rhoA. Overexpression of rhoGEF promotes cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell rounding in NIE-115 neuronal cells. The interaction of JIP-1 with rhoGEF was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of these proteins from lysates of transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Using glutathione S-transferase rhoGEF fusion proteins containing deletion or point mutations, we identified a putative PTB binding site within rhoGEF. This binding site does not contain tyrosine, indicating that the JIP PTB domain, like that of Xll alpha and Numb, binds independently of phosphotyrosine. Several forms of endogenous JIP-1 protein can be detected in neuronal cell lines. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis localized endogenous JIP-1 to the tip of the neurites in differentiated NIE-115 and PC12 cells. The interaction of JIP-1 with rhoGEF and its subcellular localization suggests that JIP-1 may function to specifically localize a signaling complex in neuronal cells.
Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles and Nanoscience: A New Approach in Chemistry and Life Sciences (2020)

Nanotechnologies, nanoparticles and nanomaterials, which are part of everyday life today, are the subject of intense research activities and a certain amount of media coverage. In this article, the concepts of nanotechnologies, nanoparticles and nanosciences are defined and the interest in this scale of the matter is explained by specifying in particular the particular properties of nanoobjects. Large-scale applications of nanoparticles, particularly in the field of chemicals, everyday life and catalysis are presented.
World Wide Web caching: trends and techniques (2000)

Academic and corporate communities have been dedicating considerable effort to World Wide Web caching. When correctly deployed, Web caching systems can lead to significant bandwidth savings, server load balancing, perceived network latency reduction, and higher content availability. We survey the state of the art in caching designs, presenting a taxonomy of architectures and describing a variety of specific trends and techniques.
Adhesion Strength Study of EVA Encapsulants on Glass Substrates (2003)

An extensive peel-test study was conducted to investigate the various factors that may affect the adhesion strength of photovoltaic module encapsulants, primarily ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), on glass substrates of various laminates based on a common configuration of glass/encapsulant/backfoil. The results show that"pure" or"absolute" adhesion strength of EVA-to-glass was very difficult to obtain because of tensile deformation of the soft, semi-elastic EVA layer upon pulling. A mechanically"strong enough" backing foil on the EVA was critical to achieving the"apparent" adhesion strength. Peel test method with a 90-degree-pull yielded similar results to a 180-degree-pull. The 90-degree-pull method better revealed the four stages of delamination failure of the EVA/backfoil layers. The adhesion strength is affected by a number of factors, which include EVA type, formulation, backfoil type and manufacturing source, glass type, and surface priming treatment on the glass surface or on the backfoil. Effects of the glass-cleaning method and surface texture are not obvious. Direct priming treatments used in the work did not improve, or even worsened, the adhesion. Aging of EVA by storage over~5 years reduced notably the adhesion strength. Lower adhesion strengths were observed for the blank (unformulated) EVA and non-EVA copolymers, such as poly(ethylene-co-methacrylate) (PEMA) or poly(ethylene-co-butylacrylate) (PEBA). Their adhesion strengths increased if the copolymers were cross-linked. Transparent fluoropolymer superstrates such as TefzelTM and DureflexTM films used for thin-film PV modules showed low adhesion strengths to the EVA at a level of~2 N/mm.
Release of Ecto-protein Kinases by the Protozoan ParasiteLeishmania major (1997)

Leishmania major promastigotes have externally oriented ecto-protein kinases (PK) that are capable of phosphorylating both endogenous membrane substrates and foreign proteins. Live parasites phosphorylate protamine sulfate, casein, and phosvitin but not bovine serum albumin. Addition of exogenous PK substrates, such as phosvitin or casein, induced the shedding of ecto-PK that are capable of phosphorylating protamine sulfate. No phosphorylation of protamine sulfate was seen when cell-free supernatants from promastigotes incubated with either buffer alone or bovine serum albumin were used. A second enzyme, a constitutively released PK that phosphorylates casein or phosvitin and not protamine sulfate or mixed histones, was identified and characterized. This PK is inhibited by 5 microM staurosporine, 50 microg/ml heparin, and 75 microM CKI-7, concentrations typical of the IC50 found for other eukaryotic casein kinases (CK). The constitutively shed ecto-PK specifically phosphorylated a peptide substrate for CK1 but not for CK2, suggesting that this shed PK is similar to CK1.
Submicrometric Films of Surface-Attached Polymer Network with Temperature-Responsive Properties (2015)

Temperature-responsive properties of surface-attached poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) network films with well-controlled chemistry are investigated. The synthesis consists of cross-linking and grafting preformed ene-reactive polymer chains through thiol–ene click chemistry. The formation of surface-attached and cross-linked polymer films has the advantage of being well-controlled without any caution of no-oxygen atmosphere or addition of initiators. PNIPAM hydrogel films with same cross-link density are synthesized on a wide range of thickness, from nanometers to micrometers. The swelling-collapse transition with temperature is studied by using ellipsometry, neutron reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy as complementary surface-probing techniques. Sharp and high amplitude temperature-induced phase transition is observed for all submicrometric PNIPAM hydrogel films. For temperature above LCST, surface-attached PNIPAM hydrogels collapse similarly but without complete expulsion of water. For temperature below LCST, the swelling of PNIPAM hydrogels depends on the film thickness. It is shown that the swelling is strongly affected by the surface attachment for ultrathin films below ∼150 nm. For thicker films above 150 nm (to micrometers), surface-attached polymer networks with the same cross-link density swell equally. The density profile of the hydrogel films in the direction normal to the substrate is confronted with in-plane topography of the free surface. It results that the free interface width is much larger than the roughness of the hydrogel film, suggesting pendant chains at the free surface.
Inverse Relationship Between Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Arterial Hypertension (2007)

AASI is inversely related to GFR in arterial hypertension. This may help to explain the increased CV risk associated with mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction.