gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal OFDMA Subcarrier, Rate, and Power Allocation for Ergodic Rates Maximization with Imperfect Channel Knowledge (2007)

Previous research efforts on OFDMA resource allocation have typically assumed the availability of perfect channel state information (CSI). Unfortunately, this is unrealistic, primarily due to channel estimation errors, and more importantly, channel feedback delay. In this paper, we develop optimal resource allocation algorithms for OFDMA systems assuming the availability of only partial (imperfect) CSI. We consider ergodic weighted sum discrete rate maximization subject to total power constraints. We approach this problem using a dual optimization framework, allowing us to solve this problem with O(MK) complexity per symbol for an OFDMA system with K used subcarriers and M active users, while achieving relative optimality gaps of less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> (99.999% optimal).
Self-help group participation among women artisans of Shantiniketan leather cluster, West Bengal: An empirical analysis (2013)

Micro-finance refers to small savings, credit and insurance services extended to socially and economically disadvantaged segments of society. The women artisans from Shantiniketan leather cluster, which has the long tradition of leather bags and other accessories manufacturing, have changed their lives and their socio-living condition in many aspects by adopting the way of selfhelp group formation under different coordinating agencies, specially the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) since 1992. These self-help groups have been extended soft loans of various nature through the respective coordinating agencies and the initiative has added different new positive dimensions in respect to the members of such groups. This structured questionnaire based feedback based empirical study attempts to evaluate the level of positive change occurred in the life of other-wise under-privileged rural women artisans engaged in leather craftsmanship under several self-help groups coordinated by different coordinating NGOs at the grass-root level.
Differential regulation of the Cdk5‐dependent phosphorylation sites of inhibitor‐1 and DARPP‐32 by depolarization (2007)

While cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is of growing importance to neuronal signaling, its regulation remains relatively unexplored. Examination of the mechanism by which NMDA modulates the phosphorylation of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 at Ser6 and Ser67 and dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein M(r) 32 000 at Thr75 revealed that generalized depolarization, rather than specific activation of NMDA receptors, was sufficient to induce decreases in these Cdk5 sites. Although no evidence for the involvement of the Cdk5 cofactors p35 or p39, or for L- and T-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, was found, evaluation of the role of phosphatases and extracellular cations revealed differential regulation of the three sites. NMDA-induced decreases in the phosphorylation of Thr75 of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein M(r) 32 000 required protein phosphatase 1/2A activity and extracellular Ca(2+). In contrast, the effects on Ser6 and Ser67 of inhibitor-1 were not cation specific; either Na(+) or Ca(2+) sufficed. Furthermore, while the decrease in phosphorylation of Ser6 was partially dependent on protein phosphatase 2B, that of Ser67 was independent of the major protein serine/threonine phosphatases, likely indicating the presence of a pathway by which NMDA inhibits Cdk5 activity. Thus, in the striatum the regulation of phosphorylation of Cdk5-dependent sites by NMDA occurs through multiple distinct pathways.
Pooled RNAi screen identifies ubiquitin ligase Itch as crucial for influenza A virus release from the endosome during virus entry (2013)

Influenza viruses, like other viruses, rely on host factors to support their life cycle as viral proteins usually "hijack," or collaborate with, cellular proteins to execute their functions. Identification and understanding of these factors can increase the knowledge of molecular mechanisms manipulated by the viruses and facilitate development of antiviral drugs. To this end, we developed a unique genome-wide pooled shRNA screen to search for cellular factors important for influenza A virus (IAV) replication. We identified an E3 ubiquitin ligase, Itch, as an essential factor for an early step in the viral life cycle. In Itch knockdown cells, the incorporation of viral ribonucleoprotein complex into endosomes was normal, but its subsequent release from endosomes and transport to the nucleus was retarded. In addition, upon virus infection, Itch was phosphorylated and recruited to the endosomes, where virus particles were located. Furthermore, Itch interacted with viral M1 protein and ubiquitinated M1 protein. Collectively, our findings unravel a critical role of Itch in mediating IAV release from the endosome and offer insights into the mechanism for IAV uncoating during virus entry. These findings also highlight the feasibility of pooled RNAi screening for exploring the cellular cofactors of lytic viruses.
Effect of Viscosity of Coagulant on Asymmetric Polyimide (PMDA-4, 4'-ODA) Membrane Preparation. (1992)

Asymmetric polyimide membranes were prepared using various coagulants such as diethylether, n-hexane, acetone, toluene, methanol, o-xylene, ethanol, 1, 4-dioxane, water and ethylene glycol. It was found that coagulants having viscosities lower than 0.8 mPa·s give good shaped membranes and that the as-cast film does not coagulate or is broken during immersion into coagulants having higher viscosities than 1.2 mPa·s. The as-cast film immersed in ethanol with a viscosity of 1.0, is broken during hand treatment. Coagulants of lower viscosity might penetrate more quickly into the as-cast film, causing it to solidify but still allowing enough time to form an interlocked porous structure. SEM observation showed that a closed-pore structure is formed at low temperature, versus open-pore at high temperature, using the same successful coagulant such as hexane and toluene. The effective thickness calculated based on measured permeabilities increases in the sequence of N2, CO2, and liquid and vapor EtOH, i. e., 2.7, 3.9, 6.0, and 6.0 μm, respectively, for membranes coagulated in toluene at 293 K.
An 8-bit 2-ns monolithic DAC (1988)

An 8-bit resolution ultrahigh-speed monolithic digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is fabricated using super self-aligned process technology. In order to improve dynamic accuracy, which is determined by settling speed, clock feedthrough noise, and glitch, a number of circuit technologies are developed including a rise- and fall-time control switch driver, a low-noise flip-flop, and a differential buffer configuration. In addition, a chip assembly technology using a multilayer ceramic substrate is developed. The DAC exhibits a settling time to 8-bit accuracy of about 2 ns, a maximum conversion rate of 1 GHz, a glitch energy of 2 ps-V, and a 10-bit linearity error accuracy without trimming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrophotographic Properties of RF Glow Discharge-Produced Amorphous Si: H Film (1981)

Amorphous silicon film with extremely high dark resistivity, 10 13 –10 14 ohm-cm, at room temperature is prepared for the first time by glow discharge decomposition of SiH 4 with suitable doping by B 2 H 6 and a slight content of oxygen. The a-Si: H film exhibits an excellent photoconductive sensitivity in visible wavelength range. Room temperature electron and hole drift mobilities are found to be almost the same in a-Si: H film deposited at 200°C of the substrate temperature and 10 -3 B 2 H 6 /SiH 4 doping gas ratio. These unique properties of a-Si: H films are utilized for bi-chargable monolayer electrophotographic photoreceptor, and positive and negative reproduced images have been firstly demonstrated by utilizing a-Si: H deposited drum.
Covalent Attachment of 1-Alkenes to Oxidized Platinum Surfaces (2015)

We report the formation of covalently bound alkyl layers onto oxidized Pt (PtOx) substrates by reaction with 1-alkenes as a novel way to bind organic molecules to metal surfaces. The organic layers were characterized by static contact angle, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The grafted alkyl layers display a hydrolytic stability that is comparable to that of alkyl thiols on Au. PtOx-alkene attachment is compatible with terminal ester moieties enabling further anchoring of functional groups, such as redox-active ferrocene, and thus has great potential to extend monolayer chemistry on noble metals.
<title>Optical properties of dental enamel at 9 to 11 um derived from time-resolved radiometry</title> (1997)

Accurate determination of the optical properties of dental enamel is important for modeling the energy redistribution of laser radiation incident on the tissue. The high absorption coefficients of dental enamel in the mid-IR preclude the use of conventional transmission methods for the determination of optical properties, therefore non- conventional methods must be used. Enamel was irradiated with 9.3 micrometers , 9.6 micrometers , 10.3 micrometers , and 10.6 micrometers light from a CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser with a pulse duration of approximately 100 microsecond(s) . Samples were irradiated with fluences up to 2 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. These fluences produce temperature excursions below the melting point for the tissue. Surface temperatures were monitored using time resolved radiometric measurements with 1 microsecond(s) temporal resolution. A 1D heat conduction model was used to estimate the temperature increase in enamel. By varying the absorption coefficient, the model temperature versus time profile was fitted to the experimental profile. The absorption coefficients of enamel were found to fall well below values in the literature determined using angular-resolved reflectance measurements at the same wavelengths. The new absorption coefficients were used in our heat conduction model to determine temperature excursions below the surface of the tooth. This study is a vital step in determining the optimum laser parameters for caries preventive treatments.
Application of Biocoagulant on Drinking Water Treatment (2007)

A biocoagulant developed by the writers and called Bio-CoA was used to treat the turbid water in a bench-scale reactor as well as in a large pilot plant. The water quality after Bio-CoA treatment was compared to that treated by the traditional chemical coagulant, PACl. Although both Bio-CoA and PACl perform well in turbidity removal, Bio-CoA prevails over PACl since it removes suspended solids from turbid water with no changes in aluminum, pH, and conductivity of the effluent. In other words, Bio-CoA can be applied to drinking water treatment without any health concerns even under a high dosing condition. Meanwhile, with Bio-CoA application no alkali is required to neutralize the resulting low-pH water as is required for PACl, and the water after Bio-CoA treatment has a higher potential for extra pure water preparation and irrigation usage based on the lower conductivity of the effluent. Bio-CoA and the related treatment process can be used as a pretreament unit to reduce the turbidity of the superturbid water to a tolerable concentration for present drinking water treatment plants, which may overcome the water-offering deficiency during typhoon periods.
The derivation of two additional human embryonic stem cell lines from day 3 embryos with low morphological scores (2005)

Our results suggest that a subset with poor quality day 3 embryos judged on the basis of morphological assessment can form blastocysts and give rise to hES cell lines.
Physics Studies of Weapons Plutonium Disposition in the Integral Fast Reactor Closed Fuel Cycle (1995)

The core performance impact of weapons plutonium introduction into the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) closed fuel cycle is investigated by comparing three disposition scenarios: a power production mode, a moderate destruction mode, and a maximum destruction mode, all at a constant heat rating of 840 MW(thermal). For each scenario, two fuel cycle models are evaluated: cores using weapons material as the sole source of transuranics in a once-through mode and recycle cores using weapons material only as required for a makeup feed. In addition, the impact of alternative feeds (recycled light water reactor or liquid-metal reactor transuranics) on burner core performance is assessed. Calculated results include mass flows, detailed isotopic distributions, neutronic performance characteristics, and reactivity feedback coefficients. In general, it is shown that weapons plutonium does not have an adverse effect on IFR core performance characteristics; also, favorable performance can be maintained for a wide variety of feed materials and fuel cycle strategies.
A PWM Plus Phase-Shift Control Bidirectional DC–DC Converter (2004)

A pulse-width modulation (PWM) plus phase-shift control bidirectional dc-dc converter is proposed. In this converter, PWM control and phase-shift control are combined to reduce current stress and conduction losses, and to expand ZVS range. The operation principle and analysis of the converter are explained, and ZVS condition is derived. A prototype of PWM plus phase-shift bidirectional dc-dc converter is built to verify the analysis.
Microsoft Visual C++ .NET 2003 Kick Start (2003)

Microsoft Visual C++ .NET 2003 Kick Start is targeted toward developers interested in making the jump to .NET, working programmers already familiar with another programming language or the previous version of VS. Visual C++ .NET 2003 Kick Start speeds through basic concepts and focuses on practical examples and benefits of moving to VC++ .NET. This book explains how VC++ code interacts with the .NET Framework, the extra capabilities of VC++ compared to VB.NET and C# in .NET code interoperability, how to use Windows Forms (a new feature for VC++ .NET in the 2003 edition), and how to migrate from Visual Studio 6 and COM. The author covers the use of managed and unmanaged Visual C++ code, using both types for most examples. Full of code examples, tips, and professional insights, this book provides maximum learning with minimum investment of time and effort.
Identification of Two GDP-6-deoxy-d-lyxo-4-hexulose Reductases Synthesizing GDP-d-rhamnose in Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus L420-91T (2001)

The glycan repeats of the surface layer glycoprotein of Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus L420-91T contain d-rhamnose and 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, both of which are also constituents of lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative plant and human pathogenic bacteria. The two genes required for biosynthesis of the nucleotide-activated precursor GDP-d-rhamnose, gmd and rmd, were cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The corresponding enzymes Gmd and Rmd were purified to homogeneity, and functional studies were performed. GDP-d-mannose dehydratase (Gmd) converted GDP-d-mannose to GDP-6-deoxy-d-lyxo-4-hexulose, with NADP+ as cofactor. The reductase Rmd catalyzed the second step in the pathway, namely the reduction of the keto-intermediate to the final product GDP-d-rhamnose using both NADH and NADPH as hydride donor. The elution behavior of the intermediate and end product was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to identify the structure of the final product of the reaction sequence as GDP-alpha-d-rhamnose. This is the first characterization of a GDP-6-deoxy-d-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase. In addition, Gmd has been shown to be a bifunctional enzyme with both dehydratase and reductase activities. So far, no enzyme catalyzing these two types of reactions has been identified. Both Gmd and Rmd are members of the SDR (short chain dehydrogenase/reductase) protein family.
Multi-resolution Tracking in Space and Time (2008)

This paper proposes efficient and robust methods for tracking a moving object at multiple spatial and temporal resolution levels. The efficiency comes from optimising the amounts of spatial and temporal data processed. The robustness results from multi-level coarse-to-fine state-space searching. Tracking across resolution levels incurs an accuracy-versus-speed trade-off. For example, tracking at higher resolutions incurs greater processing cost, while maintaining higher accuracy in estimating the position of the moving object. We propose a novel spatial multi-scale tracker that tracks at the optimal accuracy-versus-speed operating point. Next, we relax this requirement to propose a multi-resolution tracker that operates at a minimum acceptable performance level. Finally, we extend these ideas to a multi-resolution spatio-temporal tracker. We show results of extensive experimentation in support of the proposed approaches.
Single-stage dimmable electronic ballast with high power factor and low EMI (2005)

A novel fixed-frequency electronic ballast that consists of a single-stage balanced type asymmetrical half-bridge inverter, a load resonant tank and a switched-capacitor dimming control circuit is proposed for driving fluorescent lamps. High efficiency and unity power factor are achieved by the proposed single-stage topology. The switched-capacitor dimming control technique and the balanced topology in the studied high-frequency electronic ballast provide better EMI features. The steady-state operating principle and design procedure for the proposed single-stage dimmable electronic ballast are analysed and discussed in detail. A ballast prototype has been implemented in the laboratory. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Live attenuated AIDS viruses as vaccines: promise or peril? (1999)

Live attenuated viruses can provide vaccine protection against various viral illnesses. A number of live attenuated strains of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or related lentiviruses have been evaluated in primate models as vaccine candidates against AIDS. Impressive efficacy was observed for some viruses, most notably SIV strains with deletions in the nef-gene. Sterilizing immunity was seen against homologous and heterologous virus challenge, against cell-free and cell-associated challenge, against intravenous and mucosal challenge, and against challenge as early as 3 weeks and as late as 2.25 years after just one immunization. However, these promising efficacy results are overshadowed by safety problems, such as reversion of the vaccine strain to a pathogenic virus encoding full-length nef or residual virulence of multiply deleted vaccine strains. Strategies aimed at decreasing the replicative capacity of nef-deleted vaccine strains to increase the safety profile have significantly curtailed vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, studies of live attenuated vaccine strains should proceed and should focus on determining the correlates of vaccine protection and the molecular determinants for virulence and attenuation.
Comparison of sustained-release and standard preparations of clonidine in essential hypertension. (1983)

The antihypertensive drug, clonidine, was administered to 18 patients, 8 females and 10 males, with WHO grade I-II essential hypertension in two forms, either as sustained-release depot capsule of 250 micrograms once daily or as standard clonidine preparation, 150 micrograms twice daily. The two drug forms were administered for 2 months each, in a double-blind, crossover outpatient study. Both preparations were equally effective in reducing blood pressure. The depot form of clonidine was preferred by the patients because of fewer side effects, which included sedation and dry mouth. The antihypertensive effect of clonidine was unrelated to pretreatment plasma renin activity. Depot forms of clonidine appear to offer the advantages of once-daily dosing and fewer side effects than standard clonidine preparations.
Gas Barrier Performance of Surface-Modified Silica Films with Grafted Organosilane Molecules (2003)

Surface-modified polymeric substrates with excellent gas barrier performances have been fabricated by coating the substrates with a silica film by means of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and the subsequent deposition of an organosilane layer on the silica film by a low-temperature CVD method. The hydrophobic organosilane layer on the silica-deposited substrates prevented adsorption of oxygen and water molecules on the substrate surfaces. Consequently, oxygen and water vapor transmission rates were markedly decreased down to 60% as compared to the substrates without the hydrophobic layers. In particular, the fluoroalkylsilane-coated substrate showed a water vapor transmission rate of 0.32 g/(m2·day), which was drastically low compared with that of the alkylsilane-coated substrate.
Resist and Transfer Free Patterned CVD Graphene Growth on ALD Molybdenum Carbide Nano Layers (2019)

Multilayer graphene (MLG) films were grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on molybdenum carbide ($MoC_{x}$) substrates. We fabricated the catalytic $MoC_{x}$ films by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The mechanism of graphene growth is studied and analysed for amorphous and crystalline $MoC_{x}$ films. In addition, the unique advantages of catalytic substrate PEALD are demonstrated in two approaches to graphene device fabrication. First, we present a complete bottom up, resist-free patterned graphene growth (GG) on pre-patterned $MoC_{x}$ PEALD performed at 50$^{\circ}C$. Selective CVD GG eliminates the need to pattern or transfer the graphene film to retain its pristine, as grown, qualities. Furthermore, we fabricated MLG directly on PEALD $MoC_{x}$ on 100 nm suspended SiN membrane. We characterise the MLG qualities using Raman spectroscopy, and analyse the samples by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. The techniques of graphene device manufacturing demonstrated here pave the path for large scale production of graphene applications.
Microsomal hydroxylation of specifically deuterated monosubstituted benzenes. Evidence for direct aromatic hydroxylation (1984)

The aromatic hydroxylation of six pairs of selectively deuterated monosubstituted benzenes was investigated with rat liver microsomes of various induction states. The substrates studied included 3,5-D2C6H3X (1a-6a) and 2,4,6-D3C6H2X (1b-6b), where X = Br, CN, NO2, OCH3, CH3, or Ph, respectively. The deuterium content of the ortho, meta, and para hydroxylated metabolites, as well as side chain oxidation products from 4 and 5, was determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. These data were analyzed according to a hypothetical model in which a molecule of substrate can undergo either direct aromatic hydroxylation (defined as obligatory and complete loss of deuterium from the site of hydroxylation) or indirect aromatic hydroxylation (defined as the obligatory and complete shift of deuterium to an adjacent position, followed by its partial loss as governed by a kinetic deuterium isotope effect). From this and other analyses of the data the following conclusions were reached. (1) The relative extent of meta hydroxylation increased and the total yield of metabolites decreased as the substituents X became more electron withdrawing. (2) The induction state of the microsomes altered the regioselectivity of hydroxylation (2, 3, 4, or side chain) noticeably and predictably but had little or no effect on the retention or loss of deuterium during each hydroxylation. (3) With each substrate and at each ring position hydroxylation was found to occur by a combination of direct and indirect mechanisms. (4) The relative importance of direct vs. indirect mechanisms did not vary in a simple manner with either the position of hydroxylation or the nature of the substituent X.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)