gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional collimated self-accelerating beam through acoustic metascreen (2015)

We report the generation of three-dimensional acoustic collimated self-accelerating beam in non-paraxial region with sourceless metascreen. Acoustic metascreen with deep subwavelength spatial resolution, composed of hybrid structures combining four Helmholtz resonators and a straight pipe, transmitting sound efficiently and shifting fully the local phase is evidenced. With an extra phase profile provided by the metascreen, the transmitted sound can be tuned to propagate along arbitrary caustic curvatures to form a focused spot. Due to the caustic nature, the formed beam possesses the capacities of bypassing obstacles and holding the self-healing feature, paving then a new way for wave manipulations and indicating various potential applications, especially in the fields of ultrasonic imaging, diagnosis and treatment.
Electromechanical Devices & Components Illustrated Sourcebook (2007)

List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Basic Electricity Chapter 2: Basic Mechanics Chapter 3: Power Sources Chapter 4: Electrical Controls Chapter 5: Magnetic Components Chapter 6: Rotating Components Chapter 7: Heating Chapter 8: Circuit Protection Chapter 9: Connections Chapter 10: Wire and Conductors Chapter 11: Acoustic Devices Chapter 12: Lighting Chapter 13: Meters Chapter 14: Vacuum Tubes Chapter 15: Sensors Chapter 16: Electrostatics Chapter 17: Electromechanical Mechanisms Chapter 18: Electrical Schematics Glossary Index
Xanthigen Suppresses Preadipocyte Differentiation and Adipogenesis through Down-regulation of PPARγ and C/EBPs and Modulation of SIRT-1, AMPK, and FoxO Pathways (2012)

Xanthigen is a source of punicic acid and fucoxanthin derived from pomegranate seed and brown seaweed, respectively with recognized triacylglycerol-lowering effects in humans, yet the mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of Xanthigen, fucoxanthin, and punicic acid (70% in pomegranate seed oil) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Xanthigen potently and dose-dependently suppressed accumulation of lipid droplets in adipocytes compared to its individual components, fucoxanthin and pomegranate seed oil. Western blot analysis revealed that Xanthigen markedly down-regulated the protein levels of key adipogenesis transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β, and C/EBPδ as well as a key enzyme involved in adipogenesis, fatty acid synthase (FAS). Xanthigen up-regulated the NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylases (SIRT1) and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, Xanthigen may also stimulate insulin trigger signaling and result in Akt-dependent phosphorylation of forkhead/winged helix O (FoxO)1 and FoxO3a. These results indicate that Xanthigen suppresses adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation through multiple mechanisms and may have applications for the treatment of obesity.
Quantifying the Benefits of Resource Multiplexing in On-Demand Data Centers (2003)

On-demand data centers host multiple applications on server farms by dynamically provisioning resources in response to workload variations. The efficiency of such dynamic provisioning on the required server farm capacity is dependent on several factors â the granularity and frequency of reallocation, the number of applications being hosted, the amount of resource overprovisioning and the accuracy of workload prediction. In this paper, we quantify the effect of these factors on the multiplexing benefits achievable in an on-demand data center. Using traces of real e-commerce workloads, we demonstrate that the ability to allocate fractional server resources at fine time-scales of tens of seconds to a few minutes can increase the multiplexing benefits by 162-188% over coarsegrained reallocation. Our results also show that these benefits increase in the presence of large number of hosted applications as a result of high level of multiplexing. In addition, we demonstrate that such fine-grained multiplexing is achievable even in the presence of real-world (inaccurate) workload predictors and allows overprovisioning slack of nearly 35-70% over coarse-grained multiplexing.
Substrate Deformation Levels Associated With Routine Physical Activity Are Less Stimulatory to Bone Cells Relative to Loading-Induced Oscillatory Fluid Flow (2000)

Although it is well accepted that bone tissue metabolism is regulated by external mechanical loads, it remains unclear to what load-induced physical signals bone cells respond. In this study, a novel computer-controlled stretch device and parallel plate flow chamber were employed to investigate cytosolic calcium (Ca2+i) mobilization in response to a range of dynamic substrate strain levels (0.1-10 percent, 1 Hz) and oscillating fluid flow (2 N/m2, 1 Hz). In addition, we quantified the effect of dynamic substrate strain and oscillating fluid flow on the expression of mRNA for the bone matrix protein osteopontin (OPN). Our data demonstrate that continuum strain levels observed for routine physical activities (< 0.5 percent) do not induce Ca2+i responses in osteoblastic cells in vitro. However, there was a significant increase in the number of responding cells at larger strain levels. Moreover, we found no change in osteopontin mRNA level in response to 0.5 percent strain at 1 Hz. In contrast, oscillating fluid flow predicted to occur in the lacunar-canalicular system due to routine physical activities (2 N/m2, 1 Hz) caused significant increases in both Ca2+i and OPN mRNA. These data suggest that, relative to fluid flow, substrate deformation may play less of a role in bone cell mechanotransduction associated with bone adaptation to routine loads.
Monitoring of PPAR Alpha Protein Expression in Human Tissue by the Use of PPAR Alpha-Specific MAbs (1998)

We report the production and characterization of two PPAR alpha subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies raised against the N-terminal domain of PPAR alpha. P alpha b 11.80A is a Western-reactive antibody, whereas P alpha b 32.51 is useful for immunohistochemistry. Both antibodies exhibited high affinity against the immunogen based on BIAcore analysis, recognized full-length PPAR alpha protein in PPAR alpha-transfected CV-1 cells, and displayed no cross-reactivity against the N-terminal domains of PPAR gamma or PPAR delta proteins as demonstrated by various immunoassays. The application of these antibodies to a panel of normal human tissues revealed that PPAR alpha protein expression is highest in skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney, consistent with previously reported mRNA expression data. These antibodies provide us with valuable tools to further explore the function of PPAR alpha.
Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A Statistical Approach Using Positron Emission Tomographic Data (1993)

Correlational analysis of regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) obtained by high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) has demonstrated reduced neocortical rCMRglc interactions in mildly/moderately demented patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, identification of individual differences in patterns of rCMRglc interactions may be important for the early detection of AD, particularly among individuals at greater risk for developing AD (e.g., those with a family history of AD). Recently, a statistical procedure, using multiple regression and discriminant analysis, was developed to assess individual differences in patterns of rCMRglc interdependencies. We applied this new statistical procedure to resting rCMRglc PET data from mildly/moderately demented patients with probable AD and age/sex-matched controls. The aims of the study were to identify a discriminant function that would (a) distinguish patients from controls and (b) identify an AD pattern in an individual at risk for AD with isolated memory impairment whose initial PET scan showed minor abnormalities, but whose second scan showed parietal hypometabolism, coincident with further cognitive decline. Two discriminant functions, reflecting interactions involving regions most involved in reduced correlations in probable AD, correctly classified 87% of the patients and controls, and successfully identified the first scan of the at-risk individual as AD (probability > 0.70). The results suggest that this statistical approach may be useful for the early detection of AD.
A Gesture-Controlled Rehabilitation Robot to Improve Engagement and Quantify Movement Performance (2020)

Rehabilitation requires repetitive and coordinated movements for effective treatment, which are contingent on patient compliance and motivation. However, the monotony, intensity, and expense of most therapy routines do not promote engagement. Gesture-controlled rehabilitation has the potential to quantify performance and provide engaging, cost-effective treatment, leading to better compliance and mobility. We present the design and testing of a gesture-controlled rehabilitation robot (GC-Rebot) to assess its potential for monitoring user performance and providing entertainment while conducting physical therapy. Healthy participants (<i>n</i> = 11) completed a maze with GC-Rebot for six trials. User performance was evaluated through quantitative metrics of movement quality and quantity, and participants rated the system usability with a validated survey. For participants with self-reported video-game experience (<i>n</i> = 10), wrist active range of motion across trials (mean ± standard deviation) was 41.6 ± 13° and 76.8 ± 16° for pitch and roll, respectively. In the course of conducting a single trial with a time duration of 68.3 ± 19 s, these participants performed 27 ± 8 full wrist motion repetitions (i.e., flexion/extension), with a dose-rate of 24.2 ± 5 <sup>reps</sup>/<sub>min</sub>. These participants also rated system usability as excellent (score: 86.3 ± 12). Gesture-controlled therapy using the GC-Rebot demonstrated the potential to be an evidence-based rehabilitation tool based on excellent user ratings and the ability to monitor at-home compliance and performance.
Imaging in scanning microscopes with slit‐shaped detectors (1990)

We consider the imaging in scanning microscopes employing point and slit-shaped detectors in both the bright-field and fluorescent mode. In particular we consider the three-dimensional aspects of the imaging and show inter alia that acceptable, albeit asymmetrical, images result from a slit detector system at low levels of defocus. The situation becomes worse as the defocus is increased although acceptable extended-focus and isometric images are still possible in some cases.
RefSoil: A reference database of soil microbial genomes (2016)

Abstract A database of curated genomes is needed to better assess soil microbial communities and their processes associated with differing land management and environmental impacts. Interpreting soil metagenomic datasets with existing sequence databases is challenging because these datasets are biased towards medical and biotechnology research and can result in misleading annotations. We have curated a database of 922 genomes of soil-associated organisms (888 bacteria and 34 archaea). Using this database, we evaluated phyla and functions that are enriched in soils as well as those that may be underrepresented in RefSoil. Our comparison of RefSoil to soil amplicon datasets allowed us to identify targets that if cultured or sequenced would significantly increase the biodiversity represented within RefSoil. To demonstrate the opportunities to access these underrepresented targets, we employed single cell genomics in a pilot experiment to sequence 14 genomes. This effort demonstrates the value of RefSoil in the guidance of future research efforts and the capability of single cell genomics as a practical means to fill the existing genomic data gaps.
Adipogenic Potential of Adipose Stem Cell Subpopulations (2011)

The authors have isolated four distinct stromal populations from human adult adipose tissue and characterized their adipogenic potential. Of these four populations, the CD31/CD34(+) group is the most prevalent and has the greatest potential for adipogenic differentiation. This cell type appears to hold the most promise for adipose tissue engineering.
Design of a flexible high performance quadcopter platform breaking the MAV endurance record with laser power beaming (2011)

In this paper we present the design of a highly flexible quadcopter platform and the software tools used in an example experiment to show unlimited flight time of an MAV with laser power beaming.We describe the mechanical design as well as the flight control system architecture which are focused on easy adaption to a wide variety of experiments. The paper also includes size, payload and flight time considerations and explains the tools to adapt the vehicle to the specific application. The design of a position control system implemented on the microprocessor hardware using a specially developed framework for MATLAB/Simulink is described as well. The robustness of the overall system and the presented position control structure is proven by the result of the 12:27 h continuous flight with a 1 kg MAV.
Towards job-specific service level agreements in the cloud (2009)

To attract more users to commercially available computing, services have to specify clearly the charges, duties, liabilities and penalties in service level agreements (SLAs). In this paper, we build on our existing work in SLAs by making easy measurements for a specific application run within a commercial cloud. An outcome of this work is that certain application may run better than in a grid or HPC environment, and this backs a recent hypothesis.
Speaker Adaptation Algorithms Based on Piecewise‐Moving Adaptive Segment Quantization Method (1990)

Abstract This paper aims at the speaker‐independent very‐low bit rate speed coding and proposes the speaker adaptation algorithm based on the piecewise movement in the speech spectrum space. In the proposed method, the universal codebook, which is constructed beforehand based on the features of the spectral distribution of an unknown speaker, is adapted to the speaker. The adaptation is based on the process which moves the center of gravity of the universal codebook for several clusters. Two algorithms are proposed for the adaptation. One is a simplified method and the other is a minimum distortion method. The minimum distortion method ensures theoretically that the quantization distortion does not increase for the speech data for adaptive training. A coding experiment was made for the spectral segments of the actual speech. It was shown that the proposed adaptation method has a higher adaptation speed compared with the traditional LBG method. It was shown also that the minimum distortion method converges to the same distortion as the LBG method.
Sub-10-nm Nanochannels by Self-Sealing and Self-Limiting Atomic Layer Deposition (2010)

We report on a novel fabrication method of a nanochannel ionic field effect transistor (IFET) structure with sub-10-nm dimensions. A self-sealing and self-limiting atomic layer deposition (ALD) facilitates the fabrication of lateral type nanochannels smaller than the e-beam or optical lithographic limits. Using highly conformal ALD film structures, including TiO(2), TiO(2)/TiN, and Al(2)O(3)/Ru, we have fabricated lateral sub-10-nm nanochannels with good control over channel diameter. Nanochannels surrounded by core/shell (high-k dielectric/metal) layers give rise to all-around-gating IFETs, an important functional element in an electrofluidic-based circuit system.
Adaptation Layer Fragmentation Indication (2013)

IPv6 defines a minimum MTU of 1280 bytes. Many link layers are more
limited in the maximum size of packets they can communicate. In order
to enable the transport of IP packets that are too large for these
link layers, typically their IP adaptation layers define a
segmentation or fragmentation scheme to transport an IP packet in a
sequence of multiple link layer packets. Often, adaption layer
fragmentation schemes reduce some performance metric, such as the
packet delivery probability. Application or transport protocols may be
able to reduce the maximum size of packets they send, e.g. by
transport layer segmentation or choice of application layer data
object size, which may have less of a performance impact. It would
therefore be desirable for them to know about any adaptation layer
fragmentation that is going on, so they can choose packet sizes that
minimize adaptation layer fragmentation. At the IP layer,
fragmentation can be detected using a number of mechanisms used in
Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery [RFC4821]. However, adaptation
layer fragmentation schemes are often designed to be transparent,
i.e. there is no way at higher layers to find out whether they had to
be employed (except maybe by elaborate measurement schemes targeting
one of the impacted performance metrics; this approach does not appear
to be viable) [WEI]. The present specification defines two alternative
mechanisms for IPv6 adaptation layers to indicate the presence of
adaptation layer fragmentation on one or more hops on the path from an
IP sender to an IP receiver, and to provide an indication of preferred
(smaller) packet sizes on these hops. One design is based on the the
IPv6 design and probably doesn't work on the Internet. The other
design goes strictly against the IPv6 design and probably works well
on the Internet. Comments are appreciated and should go to the
intarea@ietf.org mailing list.
Syndiospecific copolymerization of styrene with styrene terminated isoprene macromonomer by CpTiCl3-methylaluminoxane catalyst (1998)

Copolymerization of styrene with styrene terminated polyisoprene macromonomer (SIPM) by CpTiCl3-methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst has been investigated (Cp: cyclopentadienyl). SIPM was prepared by reaction of living polyisoprene initiated with sec-butyllithium (s-BuLi) and p-chloromethylstyrene. The synthesized macromonomer has a high terminal degree of functionalization and a narrow molecular weight distribution. Graft copolymers of polystyrene-graft-polyisoprene have been synthesized with the CpTiCl3-MAO catalyst. The synthesized graft copolymer was confirmed to have a highly syndiotactic sequence on the main chain.
First <i>p53</i> Relative May Be a New Tumor Suppressor (1997)

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Effects of dietary arachidonic acid on human immune response (1997)

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of eicosanoids, which influence human health and the in vitro activity of immune cells. We therefore examined the effects of dietary AA on the immune response (IR) of 10 healthy men living at our metabolic suite for 130 d. All subjects were fed a basal diet containing 27 energy percentage (en%) fat, 57 en% carbohydrate, and 16 en% protein (AA, 200 mg/d) for the first and last 15 d of the study. Additional AA (1.5 g/d) was incorporated into the diet of six men from day 16 to 65 while the remaining four subjects continued to eat the basal diet. The diets of the two groups were crossed-over from day 66 to 115. In vitro indexes of IR were examined using the blood samples drawn on days 15, 58, 65, 108, 115, and 127. The subjects were immunized with the measles/mumps/rubella vaccine on day 35 and with the influenza vaccine on day 92. Dietary AA did not influence many indexes of IR (peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin, Concanavalin A, pokeweed, measles/mumps/rubella, and influenza vaccines prior to immunization, and natural killer cell activity). The post-immunization proliferation in response to influenza vaccine was about fourfold higher in the group receiving high-AA diet compared to the group receiving low-AA diet (P = 0.02). Analysis of variance of the data pooled from both groups showed that the number of circulating granulocytes was significantly (P = 0.03) more when the subjects were fed the high-AA diet than when they were fed the low-AA diet. The small increases in granulocyte count and the in vitro proliferation in response to influenza vaccine caused by dietary AA may not be of clinical significance. However, the lack of any adverse effects on IR indicates that supplementation with AA may be done safely when needed for other health reasons.
A NEW CLASS OF PHTHALEINS—MIXED PHTHALEINS—FORMED BY HEATING p-HYDROXYBENZOYL-o-BENZOIC ACID WITH PHENOLS. (1917)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW CLASS OF PHTHALEINS—MIXED PHTHALEINS—FORMED BY HEATING p-HYDROXYBENZOYL-o-BENZOIC ACID WITH PHENOLS.W. R. Orndorff and Miss R. R. MurrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1917, 39, 4, 679–697Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1917Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1917https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02249a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02249a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-Modulating Derivative Densitometer (1966)

The main features of a self-modulating derivative densitometer as well as some typical results of the new method are reported. By comparing both derivative and nonderivative analysis of a spectrum conventionally recorded on a spectrographic plate, one can see that its detectability is increased by a factor much greater than 1. These experimental results are consistent with the gain to be expected by means of optical derivative spectroscopy.
Acto-myosin drug effects and aqueous outflow function. (1999)

Interference with myosin function can cause a secondary loss of actin organizational structure. Our study indicates that myosin, perhaps through its various phosphorylation reactions, may have a potential regulatory role in outflow function.