gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Oxidative Stress and Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Human Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms (2007)

Recent studies have suggested that oxidative stress may be involved in the development of arterial aneurysms. Xanthine oxidase is implicated in the generation of reactive oxygen species under pathological conditions in the cardiovascular system, and increased xanthine oxidase activity has been reported in human aortic aneurysms. We, therefore, studied the changes of xanthine oxidase activity and oxidative stress in human ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Six cerebral aneurysmal samples were obtained during surgery. Normal arteries of the similar size (one superficial temporal artery, four uterine arteries and three right gastroepiploic arteries) were used as controls. The xanthine oxidase activity was measured with a commercial assay kit, and its expression was localized by immunohistochemistry. The xanthine oxidase activity was significantly increased in aneurysms by 4.1 fold (P<0.05) compared to control arteries. This was accompanied by an elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level (8.3±5.1 versus 2.9±0.7 nmol/g protein, mean ±SD, P<0.05), a marker of oxidative stress. Immunohistochemistry established that xanthine oxidase was mainly expressed in infiltrating inflammatory cells. Our study indicates that xanthine oxidase may have an important role in the increased oxidative stress in ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of XO-derived reactive oxygen species in the development and rupture of cerebral aneurysms.
.BETA.-Lactamase inhibitory activities and synergistic effects of 5,6-cis-carbapenem antibiotics. (1982)

Twelve 5,6-cis-carbapenem antibiotics were examined for their beta-lactamase inhibitory activities, their types of inhibitions, and their synergistic activities with other beta-lactam antibiotics. All the carbapenems inhibited eight types of beta-lactamases including cephalosporinases which were insensitive to clavulanic acid and sulbactam. The sulfonyloxy ethyl carbapenems were the most active inhibitors; they inhibited all beta-lactamases in a progressive fashion, whereas some of the hydroxyl compounds exerted non-progressive inhibition against several beta-lactamases such as those of Escherichia coli TN713 and Proteus vulgaris GN4413. Several carbapenems were inactivated by the beta-lactamases of Citrobacter freundii GN1706, P. vulgaris GN4413, E. coli TN713, and Klebsiella pneumoniae TN1698. Most of the carbapenems potentiated the antibacterial activities of ampicillin and cefotiam against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.
Validation of Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography by means of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: Application to in vivo / in vitro porcine liver (2009)

It is well known in clinical medicine that palpation is an effective diagnostic tool for characterizing tissues mechanical properties. This accounts for the motivation of investigators for developing quantitative elastography techniques for noninvasively evaluating the viscoelastic properties of tissues. Comparison of a new clinical measurement technique with an established one is often needed to determine whether they agree sufficiently. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is often considered as the reference method to characterize quantitatively mechanical properties of materials. However, DMA is an invasive technique and only in vitro mechanical properties can be estimated. In this study, a comparison between Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography (VCTE¿) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis techniques is performed on in vivo / in vitro porcine liver. In vitro results show that elastic properties obtained by VCTE¿ and DMA are in agreement. Results demonstrate that the liver is homogeneous, isotropic and more elastic than viscous. Besides, it is presented that viscoelastic properties obtained by VCTE¿ and DMA change significantly with postmortem time and with the boundary conditions. Finally, this work shows that VCTE¿ could be the new ¿gold standard¿ method for quantitatively assessing in vivo tissue elastic properties.
Controlled-release fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder andsocial phobia (2008)

Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors are currently recommended as first-line treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and social phobia or social anxiety disorder (SAD). Fluvoxamine has demonstrated efficacy in both these conditions and has recently been marketed in a controlled-release (CR) formulation in the United States for treatement of OCD and SAD. Three 12-week double-blind, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled studies were conducted with this formulation - two in SAD and one in OCD. All three studies showed a robust effect on the key symptoms of OCD and SAD and had broadly comparable efficacy to studies conducted with immediate-release (IR) fluvoxamine. The beneficial effects of fluvoxamine CR were maintained in a 12-week double-blind, randomized extension to one SAD trial. The CR formulation, when compared to its IR counterpart, offers less daily fluctuation in fluvoxamine levels and a more rapid titration schedule; in addition, a more rapid onset of effect may result from these features. Overall, the benefits of the CR formulation, among them the convenience of oncedaily dosing, were achieved without an increased adverse event burden versus the IR form.
Development of Android Application for Courier Monitoring System (2017)

Accuracy and precision are two important factors which must be fulfilled in distribution of goods, so the business proses lifecycle of an enterprise or company would run properly. However, at the time of the distribution process performed, a problem could occur. A complicated ordering flow can be one of the problem as happened in the distribution of medicine to pharmacies or hospitals. Medicine can be ordered when distributors assign some of its salesman for visiting pharmacies or hospitals and offer medicine to be sold. Pharmacies who will order must create a letter and handed it to the salesman. All orders from some pharmacies or hospitals will be entered into the order book manually by the salesman. Afterwards, order book returned to distributor and after going through several process again, the order will be sent to the pharmacy or hospital. That issue is the topic of this research, which at the time of delivery of order, courier could be negligent. Therefore, courier needs to be monitored to determine whether the order has been shipped or not. The purpose of this research is to design and build a courier monitoring system. Application is an android based application using GPS Location to trace courier location, and Android Cloud to Device Messaging for push notification feature. There are three modules for users of this application. Application in part one will be used by the medicine distributor company. The second one are used by the salesman to make an order while at the customer premises. The last part are used by the courier for order information and customer location. With this courier monitoring system, pharmacies or hospitals could order medicine quickly and in the right amount. This application can also help distributors in order to monitor location of the courier. So that the business process of both parts would run properly.
New strategies for the Hofmann reaction (1994)

Abstract Some new strategies, such as the use of hydrotropes, surfactants, co‐solvent, etc., were applied to the Hofmann reaction of fatty amides to obtain isocyanates, amines and carbamates. Additionally, some industrially important aromatic amines were synthesised.
Methodology of Formation MicroScanner image interpretation in Claymore and Scapa Fields (North Sea) (1990)

Abstract The Formation MicroScanner (FMS) * tool is an advanced dipmeter tool capable of producing high-resolution resistivity images of a borehole wall. When integrated with core and open hole logs, FMS images are of great utility in evaluating the thin bedded reservoir sequences of the Claymore and Scapa North Sea oil fields. Sedimentary features as small as 0.5 inches (1.2 cm) can be resolved on FMS images. Such detail is employed in the distinction of massive, parallel laminated, ripple cross-laminated, bioturbated and conglomeratic bedding types. The application of the FMS tool to reservoir description is not limited to bedding type identification. Bed boundaries, as well as small and large scale structural features, can be distinguished, including erosional contacts, slumps, fractures and faults. In the hydrocarbon-bearing zone permeability distribution outwith cored intervals can inferred. This can be confirmed by relating resistivity changes to core measured permeability values. The proposed approach to FMS interpretation involves the integration of all available open hole logs with detailed local geological knowledge and core data. Aspect and image quality of the FMS log are important considerations. By imaging the borehole wall, the aspect of the FMS tool provides a direct method of relating features detected using open hole logs to those observed in cores. Image quality is largely dependent on resistivity contrast in the formation and correlation with cores is imperative to establish confidence limits for extrapolation into uncored intervals.
Ion implantation and annealing properties of molecular-beam epitaxy grown GaAs-on-Si (1987)

The material properties of ion-implanted and annealed GaAs-on-Si layers have been investigated in terms of surface morphology, wafer warpage, defect state, and device performance. For this work GaAs-on-Si layers were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) with various growth conditions and several of them were ion-implanted and annealed. Morphologies and warpages were not changed after ion implantation and subsequent thermal annealing at 850 °C for 15 min, however, additional features were usually observed after 1-h annealing. The total defect densities were reduced by several orders of magnitude by the thermal annealing, and this reduction is independent of the growth history of GaAs-on-Si layer. To test the device compatibility of As-on-Si wafers, emitter-down AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor structures were grown on Si substrates and processed using ion implantation. A maximum current gain of 25, which was equal to a concurrently processed on GaAs-on-GaAs wafer, was achieved.
A review on the Strategies for the Development and Application of New Anti-arthritic Agents (1995)

(1995). A review on the Strategies for the Development and Application of New Anti-arthritic Agents. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 607-663.
Brain energetics (thought needs food) (2008)

Brain energetics has undertaken its revolution. A new concept based on metabolic compartmentalization between astrocytes and neurons is establishing itself as the leading paradigm that opens new perspectives in areas such as functional brain imaging and regulation of energy homeostasis.
Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Li2Cu0.5Ni0.4M0.1O2 Lithium-ion Battery Cathodes (2009)

Doped lithium copper-nickel mixed-metal oxides are prepared and studied as cathode materials for secondary Li-ion batteries. The compounds, Li2Cu0.5Ni0.4M0.1O2 (where M = Al, Ga), are made using solid state and micro-emulsion synthesis techniques. All compounds have a body-centered orthorhombic (Immm) crystal structure. The undoped compound has an initial discharge capacity of 270 mAh/g but exhibits poor capacity retention with cycling. The Al- and Ga-doped compounds made by solid-state synthesis have a higher discharge capacity than those made by micro-emulsion. Micro-emulsion processed compounds exhibit better cycleability and capacity retention upon charge/discharge suggesting a more stable crystal structure. Gallium doping improved the structural stability resulting in lowered irreversible capacity loss. Two reversible reaction mechanisms, lithium intercalation/de-intercalation and a displacement reaction are suggested to occur in the Li2Cu0.5Ni0.4M0.1O2 system.
Use of nanoparticles for controlled release of biocides in solid wood (2000)

The fungicides tebuconazole and chlorothalonil were successfully incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles with median particle diameters of 100–250 nm. Polyvinylpyridine (PVPy) and polyvinylpyridine-co-styrene (10% styrene and 30% styrene) were employed as the polymer matrix. The size of the nanoparticle increased with increased styrene content. The biocide also affected particle size, with chlorothalonil consistently yielding larger nanoparticles than tebuconazole. The release of the biocides from the polymeric nanoparticles was studied by suspending them in water. The release rate of both tebuconazole and chlorothalonil decreased with increased styrene content in the matrix, and chlorothalonil consistently released more slowly from the polymeric nanoparticles than did tebuconazole. It was found that biocides were successfully introduced into solid wood by incorporating them within polymeric nanoparticles, suspending the nanoparticles in water, and using the suspension to treat the wood with conventional pressure treatments. Once in the wood, the polymer matrix serves as a reservoir for the biocide and controls its release rate into the wood. Southern pine sapwood samples were treated with biocide-containing nanoparticles suspended in water, then exposed to the wood decay fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum using a simple wafer test. Samples exhibited fungal resistance at appropriate levels of biocide incorporation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 458–465, 2001
Superscattering of Light from Subwavelength Nanostructures (2010)

We provide a theoretical discussion of the scattering cross section of individual subwavelength structures. We show that, in principle, an arbitrarily large total cross section can be achieved, provided that one maximizes contributions from a sufficiently large number of channels. As a numerical demonstration, we present a subwavelength nanorod with a plasmonic-dielectric-plasmonic layer structure, where the scattering cross section far exceeds the single-channel limit, even in the presence of loss.
A ZONAL ALGORITHM FOR CLUSTERING AN HOC NETWORKS (2003)

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructureless wireless network that can support highly dynamic mobile units. The multi-hop feature of a MANET suggests the use of clustering to simplify routing. Graph domination can be used in defining clusters in MANETs. A variant of dominating set which is more suitable for clustering MANETs is the weakly-connected dominating set. A cluster is defined to be the set of vertices dominated by a particular vertex in the dominating set. As it is NP-complete to determine whether a given graph has a weakly-connected dominating set of a particular size, we present a zonal distributed algorithm for finding small weakly-connected dominating sets. In this new approach, we divide the graph into regions, construct a weakly-connected dominating set for each region, and make adjustments along the borders of the regions to produce a weakly-connected dominating set of the entire graph. We present experimental evidence that this zonal algorithm has similar performance to and provides better cluster connectivity than previous algorithms.
High-repetition-rate, high-average-power, diode-pumped 294-μm Er:YAG laser (2001)

We have demonstrated more than 3 W of average output power from a 2.94-mu;m quasi-cw diode-pumped total internal reflection (TIR) Er:YAG laser operating at 100 Hz with a 4% duty cycle. Moreover, repetition rates of up to 600 Hz at more than 1.2-W output power have been achieved. The cavity consists of a plane-mirror resonator of 40-mm length and uses three of five TIR regions within the laser crystal as pump facets to efficiently couple the pump energy into the resonant laser mode. Differential efficiencies of up to 18.3% have been achieved at an optimum pump pulse width in the range of 300 micros .
Cadmium/Sulfur Isothermal Source for CdS Deposition (1970)

This paper describes the theory and construction of apparatus for the vapor deposition of highly resistive, highly oriented, piezoelectrically active cadmium sulfide films from the constituent elements. The cadmium and sulfur are evaporated from a double coaxial isothermal source, the composition of the vapor beam being determined predominantly by the area of an orifice in each source. The source operates at 420°C, and condensation rates of 300 Å/sec are readily obtained. The deposition rate may be varied over a wide range (say, 15 to 1) with little resultant change in resistivity. Films were deposited on fused quartz to serve as electromechanical transducers. A shear mode coupling constant kt of 0.12 was measured. The longitudinal mode signal level was 46 dB below that of the shear mode at the upper 3 dB shear mode frequency. A longitudinal mode kt of 0.12 has been obtained with a shear mode suppression of 60 dB.
Systematic artifacts in metagenomes from complex microbial communities (2009)

Metagenomics is providing an unprecedented view of the taxonomic diversity, metabolic potential and ecological role of microbial communities in biomes as diverse as the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, the marine water column and soils. However, we have found a systematic error in metagenomes generated by 454-based pyrosequencing that leads to an overestimation of gene and taxon abundance; between 11% and 35% of sequences in a typical metagenome are artificial replicates. Here we document the error in several published and original datasets and offer a web-based solution (http://microbiomes.msu.edu/replicates) for identifying and removing these artifacts.
Efficient data allocation over multiple channels at broadcast servers (2002)

Broadcast is a scalable way of disseminating data because broadcasting an item satisfies all outstanding client requests for it. However, because the transmission medium is shared, individual requests may have high response times. In this paper, we show how to minimize the average response time given multiple broadcast channels by optimally partitioning data among them. We also offer an approximation algorithm that is less complex than the optimal and show that its performance is near-optimal for a wide range of parameters. Finally, we briefly discuss the extensibility of our work with two simple, yet seldom researched extensions, namely, handling varying sized items and generating single channel schedules.
Novel electrophilic aromatic iodine substitution of some naphtholic Schiff bases (2008)

During the ring closure trial of the naphtholic Schiff bases (1a-d) we found that iodine was incorporated into the phenyl ring. The structures of the products (2a-e) obtained with this novel substitution reaction, were determined by NMR ( 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, 2D-NMR), mass, IR and UV spectra as well as chemical analysis.
Plasma thromboxane B <sub>2</sub> levels in horses experimentally infected with <i>Strongylus vulgaris</i> (1989)

Plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2) the stable inactive metabolite of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), was measured daily by specific radioimmunoassay in three groups of animals before and after experimental infection with Strongylus vulgaris. Infection of four 'parasite naive' foals produced a typical acute syndrome with intermittent but statistically insignificant rises in TXB2 levels. Interpretation of results was complicated by the presence of a non-septic peritonitis associated with implantation of the foals with electrodes for recording myoelectrical activity. In two foals of similar age, with some natural exposure to S. vulgaris, there was little or no clinical response to infection and increases in TXB2 were absent. Baseline levels were also much lower, indicating that the peritonitis may have affected the results obtained in the first group of foals. Severe mesenteric arteritis was confirmed at necropsy in all six foals. A third group of yearling horses, all with natural exposure to the parasite, were generally resistant to infection. One animal developed arteritis with clinical signs of diarrhoea and mild colic, and also showed intermittent increases in TXB2. The mean plasma TXB2 level after infection was significantly higher than in the control period, although absolute levels were lower than those recorded in the 'parasite naive' foals. Other animals in this group had low TXB2 levels and minimal arteritis was found at necropsy. These results indicate that although infection appears to have an effect on plasma TXB2, the changes are inconsistent and not reliable indicators of the presence of verminous arteritis. The results also confirm the difficulty in establishing infection and the variability of the response in animals with previous exposure.
Enhancing Testability of Large-Scale Integrated Circuits via Test Points and Additional Logic (1973)

With the increasing complexity of logic that can be fabricated on a single large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit chip, there is a growing problem of checking the logical behavior of the chips at manufacture. The problem is particularly acute for sequential circuits, where there are difficulties in setting and checking the state of the system.
A Gene, y, Modifying the Blood Group Antigen A (1957)

Summary Evidence is given for the existence in man of a locus Yy. The very rare genotype yy modifies the development of the A antigen in the red cells and, to a very much less extent, in the saliva; the B and H antigens are not affected. The Yy locus is not closely linked to the ABO locus. Résumé Les études sérologiques et génétiques présentées dans ce travail font penser qu'il existe chez l'homme une paire de gènes Yy ; le rare genotype yy influencerait la puissance du facteur A dans les érythrocytes, beaucoup moins dans la salive, tandis que les facteurs B et H ne sont pas affectés. Il n'y a point de conjugaison étroite entre le locus Yy et le locus ABO. Zusammenfassung Auf Grund der vorliegenden genetischen und serologischen Untersuchungen ist anzunehmen, daß beim Menschen ein Genpaar Yy vorkommt, wobei der sehr seltene Genotypus yy die phänotypische Ausprägung des Blutgruppenantigens A in den Erythrozyten beeinflußt. Die Ausscheidung von Blutgruppensubstanz A im Speichel wird kaum beeinflußt. Der Genotypus yy hat keinen Einfluß auf die phänotypische Ausprägung der Antigene B und H. Der Genlokus Yy zeigt keine enge Koppelung mit dem Genlokus ABO.
v-erbA oncogene abrogates growth inhibition of chicken embryo fibroblasts induced by retinoic acid. (1991)

Retinoic acid inhibits chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) proliferation by altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle with induction of a strong increase in the generation time. This growth-inhibitory response to retinoic acid is abrogated by expression of the v-erbA oncogene, suggesting an interference between retinoic acid receptors and the v-ErbA oncoprotein. Moreover, CEF expressing either the v-src, v-jun or v-fos oncogenes are also insensitive to retinoic acid treatment. In contrast, CEF expressing either the v-myc, v-myb-ets, v-mil, v-sea or v-erbB oncogenes are still sensitive to retinoic acid. These data strongly suggest functional interferences between the retinoic acid receptors and the AP-1 transcription factor complex in the control of expression of genes involved in CEF proliferation.