gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased colonic motility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome is associated with up-regulation of L-type calcium channels in colonic smooth muscle cells (2010)

Objective This paper aimed to investigate the relationship between up-regulation of L-type calcium channels and altered motility disorder in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to neonatal maternal separation (NMS) from postnatal day 2–14 or normal handling (NH), and used when weighted 250–300 g. Colonic smooth muscle contractions was studied in an organ bath system. L-type Ca2+ channel α1c subunit expression in smooth muscles from rat colon were studied by immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of enzymatically isolated single colonic smooth muscle cell was studied with laser confocal fluorescent microscopy. Results The fecal pellets during 1 h water avoidance stress (WAS) were significantly increased; the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and contractions induced by Bay K 8644 (10 nm–1 μm), KCl (10–60 mm) and ACh (100 nm–10 μm) were significantly increased in NMS rats, when comparing with that of NH rats. [Ca2+]i induced by Bay K 8644 (1 μm), KCl (40 mm), and ACh (10 μm) significantly increased in muscle cells of NMS rats than NH rats. Further, α1c protein expression was significantly up-regulated in colonic smooth muscle of NMS rats than NH rats. Conclusion These results suggest that NMS lead to up-regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels expression in the colon, which contributes to the colonic motility disorder. Our findings provide direct evidence to help understanding the underlying mechanism of chronic stress-induced colonic motility disorder in IBS.
Experimental Investigation of the Interaction of Water and Methanol with Anatase−TiO<sub>2</sub>(101) (2003)

The interaction of water and methanol with well-defined (1 × 1) terminated surfaces of anatase-TiO2(101) were investigated with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For water, three desorption states were observed in the TPD spectra at 160, 190, and 250 K. The three desorption peaks were assigned to multilayer water, water adsorbed to 2-fold-coordinated O, and water adsorbed to 5-fold-coordinated Ti, respectively. The TPD spectra for methanol were more complicated. For methanol, five desorption peaks were observed in the TPD spectra at 135, 170, 260, 410, and 610 K. The five desorption peaks were assigned to multilayer methanol, methanol adsorbed to 2-fold-coordinated O, methanol adsorbed to 5-fold-coordinated Ti, methoxy adsorbed to 5-fold-coordinated Ti, and methoxy adsorbed to Ti at step edges, respectively. The XPS results indicated that the adsorbed water and methanol were predominantly bound to the surface in a molecular state, with no evidence for dissociation. Furthermore, the O 1s core-level binding energies for water and methanol were found to shift to an ∼0.75 eV lower binding energy for coverages before multilayer desorption is observed in the TPD spectra. The O 1s core-level binding-energy shift appears to be linear in this region and corresponds to water and methanol bonding to Ti cation and O anion sites on the surface. The C 1s core-level binding energy for methanol was found to remain approximately constant in the same coverage regime.
Elaboration and evaluation of tip manipulation of scanning tunneling microscopy (1990)

A set of leaf springs, a micrometer head, a bellows coupling, a ball-bearing-type reduction gear, and a stepping motor were coupled in series to realize the quick and fine approach of a specimen surface to a scanning tunneling microscope tip. The minimum tip–surface displacement by the coupled system is in the range of 20–40 Å and the maximum approaching speed is 0.25 mm/s. At the final stage of approach a piezoelement brought the specimen to the tunneling region between the Pt–Ir tip and the specimen graphite surface. The material transfer from the specimen to the tip apex was revealed by the atom-probe mass analysis of the apex after a trial approach at the speed of 0.4 μm/s. However, no overshooting current by a tip–specimen contact was noticed throughout the trial approach. The observed mass transfer without a sign of the contact was attributed to the long response times of the current amplifier and the feedback circuit monitoring the approach. No material transfer was noticed for 0.16 μm/s.
A new highly sensitive and selective fluorescence chemosensor for Cr<sup>3+</sup> based on rhodamine B and a 4,13-diaza-18-crown 6-ether conjugate (2013)

A new chemosensor for Cr 3+ based on a rhodamine B and 4,13-diaza-18-crown 6-ether conjugate was designed and synthesized.
Preparation and Properties of Highly Oriented LaNiO<sub>3</sub>Thin Films on Different Substrates (2007)

Abstract Highly (100) and (110) oriented LaNiO 3 (LNO) thin films were prepared on various substrates, including Si (100), Si (111), SiO2/Si, Si3N4/Si by a metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method. Two different thermal processes were employed to crystallize LNO films. XRD analysis showed different thermal processes led to different preferential orientations of LNO films. The orientation dependence of LNO films on annealing process has been investigated. FESEM and AFM images show LNO films are uniform and crack-free. Low resistivity and high infrared absorbability make LNO thin film a promising electrode and infrared absorbed material for IR detector applications. Keywords: LaNiO3 pseudo-cubic perovskite structureorientation growththin films Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60377035) and the Key Science and Technology Research Project from the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.: 03155).
Observation of the fullerene anions C and C by electrospray ionization (1992)

Abstract Mass spectsrometric investigation on the fullerence C 60 and C 70 was performed using electsdrospray ionization. C , C 60 O , C , and C 70 O ions were detected by reducing C 60 and C 70 using Nak amalgam in benzene + dimethoxyethane solvent. C was found to be much more reactive than C in solution.
Does physical activity moderate the association between depressive symptoms and disability in older adults? (2007)

The association between depressive symptoms and disability is moderated by physical activity in older persons. The findings suggest that healthcare professionals need to promote moderate amount of physical activity as a potential intervention tool in attenuating the depression-disability connection in later life, especially among those with high levels of physical and mental impairments.
Automated Estimation of Fetal Cardiac Timing Events From Doppler Ultrasound Signal Using Hybrid Models (2013)

In this paper, a new noninvasive method is proposed for automated estimation of fetal cardiac intervals from Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) signal. This method is based on a novel combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and hybrid support vector machines-hidden Markov models (SVM/HMM). EMD was used for feature extraction by decomposing the DUS signal into different components (IMFs), one of which is linked to the cardiac valve motions, i.e. opening (o) and closing (c) of the Aortic (A) and Mitral (M) valves. The noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) was used as a reference for the segmentation of the IMF into cardiac cycles. The hybrid SVM/HMM was then applied to identify the cardiac events, based on the amplitude and timing of the IMF peaks as well as the sequence of the events. The estimated timings were verified using pulsed doppler images. Results show that this automated method can continuously evaluate beat-to-beat valve motion timings and identify more than 91% of total events which is higher than previous methods. Moreover, the changes of the cardiac intervals were analyzed for three fetal age groups: 16-29, 30-35, and 36-41 weeks. The time intervals from Q-wave of fECG to Ac (Systolic Time Interval, STI), Ac to Mo (Isovolumic Relaxation Time, IRT), Q-wave to Ao (Preejection Period, PEP) and Ao to Ac (Ventricular Ejection Time, VET) were found to change significantly ( ) across these age groups. In particular, STI, IRT, and PEP of the fetuses with 36-41 week were significantly ( ) different from other age groups. These findings can be used as sensitive markers for evaluating the fetal cardiac performance.
Thermodynamics of Crystallization in High Polymers. I. Crystallization Induced by Stretching (1947)

A theory of oriented crystallization in elongated polymers having network structures (e.g., in vulcanized rubber) is developed through the application of statistical mechanical procedures similar to those employed in rubber elasticity theory. Expressions are derived which, within the limitation imposed by the simplifying assumptions, relate the incipient crystallization temperature with the elongation, the degree of crystallinity with the elongation and temperature, and the retractive force at crystallization equilibrium with the elongation at constant temperature. The reciprocal of the absolute temperature for incipient crystallization is predicted to decrease linearly with a simple function of the elongation and the average number of chain segments between cross linkages. Only moderate degrees of crystallinity are predicted at equilibrium. In conformity with requirements of the second law of thermodynamics, equilibrium crystallization decreases the tension in the stretched specimen. Apparent discrepancies between some of these predictions and various observations are attributed to severe departure from equilibrium crystallization when the polymer undergoes crystallization during the stretching process. A better approach to equilibrium should be achieved by stretching under conditions which prevent crystallization (e.g., at elevated temperature), then allowing crystallization to proceed at fixed elongation. Few experiments have been performed in this manner, but such results as are available confirm qualitatively the predictions of the theory. Reasons for the rapid increase in tension which is observed when crystallization occurs during ordinary stretching of rubber are discussed. It is pointed out that crystalline and amorphous regions preferably should not be regarded as separate phases. Likewise, the conversion of amorphous to crystalline polymer does not conform to the definition of a phase transition.
P2‐304: MRI detection and time course of cerebral microhemorrhages during Aβ antibody treatment in living APP transgenic mice (2008)

In recent years immunotherapy-based approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease have become the subject of intensive research. However, an important mechanistic-related safety concern is the risk of exacerbating incidence of microhemorrhage that may be associated with fast removal of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits found in blood vessels or brain parenchyma. Several preclinical reports with non-selective antibodies that bind and remove deposited Aβ plaque and soluble Aβ have indicated an increased incidence of microhemorrhages in aged APP transgenic mice using histological techniques. While this is less likely to occur with antibodies highly selective for soluble Aβ, a rapid detection of microhemorrhages in APP transgenic mice has not been described and histological analysis can take several months before this risk is assessed. The aim of this study was to develop an in vivo cerebral microhemorrhage biomarker using MRI and determine the effects of 12 weeks treatment with two anti Aβantibodies, 6G1 and 8F5, compared to PBS control in aged Tg2576 mice. MRI imaging was performed on a 7.0T/21cm horizontal bore scanner using gradient echo T2*-weighted MR microscopy (100 μM × 100 μM × 400 μM). Cerebral microhemorrages using MRI were quantified at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment and compared to histological hemosiderin staining in each animal. Two anti Aβantibodies were tested: 6G1 is a non-selective antibody that binds soluble and deposited Aβ, whereas 8F5 is a more selective antibody with a lower affinity for deposited Aβ. Our results show that MRI can reliably detect microhemorrhages of ≥60 μM size at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment in the same animals, and significantly correlates with histological readings. 6G1 and 8F5, however, both increased microhemorrhage incidence when compared to PBS treated Tg2576 mice. A new imaging safety biomarker was developed and can be readily applied to preclinical antibody screening in a longitudinal manner. A highly selective antibody for soluble Aβ is needed to address the question of whether antibodies that do not bind to deposited Aβ have no microhemorrhage liability.
Dynamic and adaptive cache prefetch policies (2002)

This paper begins an exploration of the applicability of traditional prefetching policies in multiprocessor architectures. In particular, the effectiveness of prefetching policies as a function of both the quality of the prefetching and the consumption of processor to memory bandwidth is an issue of interest. Addressing this issue, the concept of a dynamic and adaptive cache (DAC), two new prefetch policies, and the design of an instruction DAC, called the DAC/sup 3/, which dynamically changes its prefetch policy at runtime, in response to process execution characteristics, are introduced. In addition, a detailed performance analysis of the DAC/sup 3/ and two new prefetch policies, which the DAC/sup 3/ uses, are presented; the performance of the DAC/sup 3/ is compared to that of the SSB prefetch instruction cache, which is based on Jouppi's sequential stream buffer design. This performance analysis is based on a new metric called CompositeCPI, which captures the usefulness of prefetches and their cost in terms of consumed memory bandwidth. The performance analysis indicates that, for the cache configurations and multiprogram workloads studied, the DAC/sup 3/ is superior to the SSB instruction prefetch cache.
Blockchain platforms: A compendium (2018)

In recent years, cryptocurrencies gained popularity with Bitcoin. The main promising technology behind Bitcoin was `Blockchain'. Blockchain provided unique features like transactional privacy, system transparency, immutability of data, security with cryptography, etc. These features paved way for Blockchain in advancing many technologies like voting systems, IOT applications, supply chain management, banking, healthcare, insurance, etc. Blockchain development was boosted with the increasing demand of the technological update. Many blockchain platforms are available like hyperledger fabric, ethereum, corda, etc. We always end up with perplexity while choosing a platform for blockchain development. Through our survey, we provide a comparative analysis of all the hyperledger platforms, ethereum, corda to make a choice of the platform easily according to the requirement.
Effects of biologically modified surfaces of synthetic lenticules on corneal epithelialization in vivo (1997)

It was demonstrated that membrane surfaces modified by collagen I, collagen IV and ECM consistently supported initial migration and attachment of corneal epithelial cells and that the surface modified with collagen I performed best.
On the relationship between quantum control landscape structure and optimization complexity (2008)

It has been widely observed in optimal control simulations and experiments that state preparation is surprisingly easy to achieve, regardless of the dimension N of the system Hilbert space. In contrast, simulations for the generation of targeted unitary transformations indicate that the effort increases exponentially with N. In order to understand such behavior, the concept of quantum control landscapes was recently introduced, where the landscape is defined as the physical objective, as a function of the control variables. The present work explores how the local structure of the control landscape influences the effectiveness and efficiency of quantum optimal control search efforts. Optimizations of state and unitary transformation preparation using kinematic control variables (i.e., the elements of the action matrix) are performed with gradient, genetic, and simplex algorithms. The results indicate that the search effort scales weakly, or possibly independently, with N for state preparation, while the search effort for the unitary transformation objective increases exponentially with N. Analysis of the mean path length traversed during a search trajectory through the space of action matrices and the local structure along this trajectory provides a basis to explain the difference in the scaling of the search effort with N for these control objectives. Much more favorable scaling for unitary transformation preparation arises upon specifying an initial action matrix based on state preparation results. The consequences of choosing a reduced number of control variables for state preparation is also investigated, showing a significant reduction in performance for using fewer than 2N-2 variables, which is consistent with the topological analysis of the associated landscape.
Antibody response to human parvovirus B19 in patients with primary infection by immunoblot assay with recombinant proteins (1996)

Human parvovirus B19 recombinant VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins were produced by a procaryotic pGEX expression plasmid to evaluate the humoral response by immunoblot assay in 14 patients with primary infection. The same concentrations of VP1 and VP2 recombinant proteins were used. This demonstrates that VP1 immunoglobulin M detection and/or VP1 immunoglobulin G seroconversion is a reliable marker of primary infections. Consequently, detection of antibodies to B19 VP1 might be helpful for identifying patients at risk for chronic B19 infection or patients who are susceptible to viral reinfection.
Trajectory Interpretation by Supplementary Eye Field Neurons During Ocular Baseball (2005)

Good performance in the sport of baseball shows that humans can determine the trajectory of a moving object and act on it under the constraint of a rule. We report here on neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field (SEF) of monkeys performing an eye movement task inspired by baseball. In "ocular baseball," a pursuit eye movement to a target is executed or withheld based on the target's trajectory. We found that a subset of neurons in the SEF interpreted the trajectory according to the task rule. Other neurons specified at a later time the command to pursue the target with the eyes. The results suggest that the SEF can interpret sensory signals about target motion in the context of a rule to guide voluntary eye movement initiation.
Altered deoxyribonucleotide pools in P2 eductants of Escherichia coli K-12 due to deletion of the dcd gene (1976)

Deletion of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome associated with P2 mediated education extend through the structural gene for uridine kinase, udk, and the dcd gene encoding 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate deaminase. The lack of uridine kinase makes a positive selection possible for these strains. Due to the dcd mutation, P2 eductants show large alterations in their deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools.
Saturated Förster resonance energy transfer microscopy with a stimulated emission depletion beam: a pathway toward single-molecule resolution in far-field bioimaging (2010)

We theoretically demonstrate that the spatial resolution of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy can be substantially enhanced without increasing the intensity of the STED beam. In our scheme, tiny nanobeads codoped with donor and acceptor molecules are used as fluorescent probes, in which Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can occur with an ∼100% efficiency between the donors and acceptors. Enhancement of the depletion of acceptors in the nanobeads with the doughnut-shaped depletion beam can lead to an increase of FRET efficiency in the outer area of the excitation spot, which itself is used for deexciting donor molecules and, consequently, enhancing the optical resolution.
Centrifugo-pneumatic valving utilizing dissolvable films (2012)

In this article we introduce a novel technology that utilizes specialized water dissolvable thin films for valving in centrifugal microfluidic systems. In previous work (William Meathrel and Cathy Moritz, IVD Technologies, 2007), dissolvable films (DFs) have been assembled in laminar flow devices to form efficient sacrificial valves where DFs simply open by direct contact with liquid. Here, we build on the original DF valving scheme to leverage sophisticated, merely rotationally actuated vapour barriers and flow control for enabling comprehensive assay integration with low-complexity instrumentation on "lab-on-a-disc" platforms. The advanced sacrificial valving function is achieved by creating an inverted gas-liquid stack upstream of the DF during priming of the system. At low rotational speeds, a pocket of trapped air prevents a surface-tension stabilized liquid plug from wetting the DF membrane. However, high-speed rotation disrupts the metastable gas/liquid interface to wet the DF and thus opens the valve. By judicious choice of the radial position and geometry of the valve, the burst frequency can be tuned over a wide range of rotational speeds nearly 10 times greater than those attained by common capillary burst valves based on hydrophobic constrictions. The broad range of reproducible burst frequencies of the DF valves bears the potential for full integration and automation of comprehensive, multi-step biochemical assay protocols. In this report we demonstrate DF valving, discuss the biocompatibility of using the films, and show a potential sequential valving system including the on-demand release of on-board stored liquid reagents, fast centrifugal sedimentation and vigorous mixing; thus providing a viable basis for use in lab-on-a-disc platforms for point-of-care diagnostics and other life science applications.
Kinetics of esterification of succinic anhydride with methanol by homogeneous catalysis (1994)

Abstract Kinetic data on the esterification of succinic anhydride with methanol catalyzed by sulfuric acid have been obtained using a stirred batch reactor. In addition to get a precise ascertainment of the parameters the esterification of monomethyl succinate with methanol has been studied separately. Several experiments have been carried out with different initial molar ratios and different amounts of sulfuric acid at various temperatures. The conversion to dimethyl succinate at 30–65°C follows a first‐order rate expression with respect to each component. A theoretical rate equation is derived by the following reaction mechanism: (1) succinic anhydride is protonated by sulfuric acid to form a reaction intermediate, (2) irreversible esterification to monomethyl succinate, (3) protonation of the monoester, and (4) the esterification to dimethyl succinate proceeds reversibly. The resultant kinetic equation fitted the experimental data quite well and is given by the expression: © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determination of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Titration and Neutralization Endpoints Using Fluorogenic Staining (1991)

An automated method for determining infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) titration and neutralization endpoints is described. The method employs the fluorogenic ester carboxyfluorescein-diacetate (CFDA) to stain cell monolayers in 96-well plates and a fluorescence-concentration analyzer. Titration results are compared with immunofluorescence and plaque assay titers. Virus-neutralization endpoint determination is objective, and the endpoints of replicate tests were equivalent or within one dilution of variability. Tests can be automatically screened as any percentage of a positive control or any standard deviation from a negative control.