gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A search for conserved sequences in coding regions reveals that the <i>let-7</i> microRNA targets Dicer within its coding sequence (2008)

Recognition sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be located in the 3' untranslated regions of transcripts. In a computational screen for highly conserved motifs within coding regions, we found an excess of sequences conserved at the nucleotide level within coding regions in the human genome, the highest scoring of which are enriched for miRNA target sequences. To validate our results, we experimentally demonstrated that the let-7 miRNA directly targets the miRNA-processing enzyme Dicer within its coding sequence, thus establishing a mechanism for a miRNA/Dicer autoregulatory negative feedback loop. We also found computational evidence to suggest that miRNA target sites in coding regions and 3' UTRs may differ in mechanism. This work demonstrates that miRNAs can directly target transcripts within their coding region in animals, and it suggests that a complete search for the regulatory targets of miRNAs should be expanded to include genes with recognition sites within their coding regions. As more genomes are sequenced, the methodological approach that we used for identifying motifs with high sequence conservation will be increasingly valuable for detecting functional sequence motifs within coding regions.
Parallel Factorizations for Tridiagonal Matrices (1993)

The authors analyze the problem of solving tridiagonal linear systems on parallel computers. A wide class of efficient parallel solvers is derived by considering different parallel factorizations of partitioned matrices. These solvers have a minimum requirement of data transmission. In fact, communication is only needed for solving a “reduced system,” whose dimension depends on the number of parallel processors used. Moreover, for a given partitioned tridiagonal matrix, the reduced system (which is again tridiagonal) is the same, and represents the only sequential part of the corresponding parallel solver. Three examples are discussed in more detail; one of them derives a very efficient parallel method based on the cyclic reduction algorithm.
Opportunistic synergy (2013)

In this paper, we present a novel opportunistic paradigm for in-vehicle gesture recognition. This paradigm allows using two or more subsystems in a synergistic manner: they can work in parallel but the lack of some of them does not compromise the functioning of the whole system. In order to segment and recognize micro-gestures performed by the user on the steering wheel, we combine a wearable approach based on the electromyography of the user's forearm muscles, with an environmental approach based on pressure sensors integrated directly on the steering wheel. We present and analyze several fusion methods and gesture segmentation strategies. A prototype has been developed and evaluated with data from nine subjects. The results prove that the proposed opportunistic system performs equal or better than each stand-alone subsystem while increasing the interaction possibilities.
Dissolved Carbon Controls the Initial Stages of Nanocarbon Growth (2011)

Sneaked in: Carbon atoms from defective supports are incorporated in nickel nanoparticles at relatively low temperatures (for example in a Ni(100) surface; Ni brown, C black) The dissolved carbon not only modifies the electronic properties of the metal but it also leads to a reconstruction of the nanoparticles. These findings may explain many of the differences in catalytic activity observed when supporting metals on carbon.
Abnormally elevated frequency of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1984)

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are known to have in vitro regulatory T cell abnormalities relating to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this report, we asked whether patients with RA have more circulating EBV-infected B cells than normals. To address this question, we determined the frequency of spontaneously transforming B cells in the peripheral blood of 18 normals, 15 patients with RA, and 8 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The mean frequency of spontaneously transforming B cells in RA patients was 10.1/10(6) B cells, which was significantly greater than that of the normal controls, 2.8/10(6) B cells (P less than 0.005). The group of patients with SLE did not differ from the normals (P greater than 0.4). In further studies undertaken to investigate as to whether RA B cells are more easily transformed by EBV than normal B cells, we determined that the frequencies of transforming B cells in the presence of exogenous EBV were similar in RA patients and normals. Lymphocytes obtained from patients with RA demonstrate a profound T cell defect in their EBV-specific suppression, as measured in vitro; there was no direct correlation, however, between this in vitro T cell abnormality and the number of circulating EBV-infected B cells. Thus, patients with RA, as a group, have abnormally elevated numbers of circulating EBV-infected B cells, and this abnormality most likely derives from a complex dysregulation of the defense mechanisms for infection with EBV.
Brown Adipose Tissue: More Than an Effector of Thermogenesis?<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces heat by oxidation of fatty acids. This takes place when the tissue is stimulated by norepinephrine; the molecular background for the ability of BAT to produce heat is the tissue-specific mitochondrial protein UCP1. In the classic view of BAT with respect to fever, BAT is an effector organ, producing heat especially during the onset phase of the fever. There is good evidence that BAT thermogenesis is stimulated via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, prostaglandin E cascade. Under physiologic conditions of constantly stimulated activity, BAT is expected to be recruited, but in fevers this is only evident in thyroxine fever. However, BAT may be more than merely an effector. There are indications of a correlation between the amount of BAT and the intensity of fevers, and brown adipocytes can indeed produce IL-1 alpha and IL-6. Furthermore, brown adipocytes are directly sensitive to LPS; this LPS sensitivity is augmented in brown adipocytes from IL-1 beta-deficient mice. Thus, BAT may also have a controlling role in thermoregulation. The existence of transgenic mice with ablations of proteins central in fever and in BAT thermogenesis opens up possibilities for identification and elucidation of this putative new role for brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ involved in the control of fever.
Engineering antibody-like inhibitors to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection (2017)

By targeting multiple epitopes on Env, bispecific and antibody-like inhibitors can be broader and more potent than bNAbs. These inhibitors can provide long-term protection from, and perhaps suppression of, HIV-1 if they are administered by a delivery platform, like rAAV vectors, but only after rAAV limitations are addressed.
Dissolution and Bioavailability of Phenobarbital in Solid Dispersion with Phosphatidylcholine. (1991)

The dissolution of phenobarbital (PB) from solid dispersion with phosphatidylcholine (PC) was studied. PB was present in an amorphous state in solid dispersion (PB-PC) if the mole fraction of PB was under 0.75. Thus, supersaturation was observed when an excess amount of PB-PC was dispersed in pH 1.2 and 6.8 media. The degree of supersaturation was largest when the mole fraction of PB was 0.25, although it was only 1.3-fold of the PB solubility in this case. Dissolution from PB-PC was rapid and complete in both pH 1.2 and 6.8 media regardless of the mole fraction of PB, above 90% within 5 min. Bioavailability after the oral administration of PB-PC to rabbits with a dose of 15 mg/kg equivalent to PB was compared with that of PB crystals. The area under the plasma concentration curve was bigger, but not significant. The maximum concentration was significantly higher, and the time to maximum concentration was significantly faster. These results indicate that the absorption rate became high with PB-PC because the dissolution was rapid.
Identification of Estrogenic Chemicals in STW Effluent. 1. Chemical Fractionation and in Vitro Biological Screening (1998)

A fractionation system, combined with an in vitro assay for detecting estrogenic activity, was developed in order to isolate and identify the major estrogenic chemicals present in seven sewage-treatment works (STW) effluents, receiving primarily domestic effluent, discharging into British rivers. Three sterols were isolated from estrogenic fractions of sewage extracts; these were the natural hormones 17β-estradiol and estrone and the synthetic hormone 17α-ethynylestradiol. 17β-Estradiol and estrone were present in all the effluents at measured concentra tions ranging from 1 ng/L to almost 50 and 80 ng/L, respectively. The concentration of 17α-ethynylestradiol was generally below the limit of detection but was positively identified in three of the effluent samples at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 7.0 ng/L. These data suggest that natural and synthetic hormones may be responsible for the observed induction of vitellogenin synthesis in male fish placed downstream of effluent discharges from STWs that receive mainly domestic inputs.
Coated hydralazine hydrochloride beads for sustained release after oral administration (2012)

Hydralazine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive used alone or in combination with isosorbide nitrate for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Since control of blood pressure should be continuous, sustained release delivery of this drug is considered therapeutically beneficial. Core beads for oral administration of this drug were prepared by extrusion-spheronization. Using experimental design to define the coat that was applied, the core beads were coated using a fluid bed coater to different coat thickness with combinations of two commercially available products dissolved in a hydroalcoholic solvent. The coat is a film with a combination of ethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose that can provide desirable release profiles. Visually spherical and rugged bead products were obtained. Two products were identified that exhibited essentially a zero order release profile following a 2-h lag time with release of greater than 70% of the drug over the next 10 h in simulated intestinal fluid.
A Planar Actuator with a Small Mover Traveling Over Large Yaw and Translational Displacements (2008)

We report a three-degree-of-freedom actuator with a small mover that can travel over large displacements on a plane. Such direct drives with multiple degrees of freedom are an emerging technology because of their high performance. Previously, we designed planar actuators capable of generating thrusts anywhere in the movement area and successfully demonstrated the two-dimensional drive of the actuator in the translational direction. However, during translational motion control on the plane, a slight oscillatory yaw motion occurred. Thrusts and torques of the actuator are proportional to the - and -axis currents, which generate flux densities with 90 and 0 phase-leads, respectively, from the flux density generated by the permanent magnets of the mover. Therefore, the thrusts and torques can be generated independently by the - and -axis current control. In our new design, we use a decoupling control on the planar actuator to control both yaw and translational motions on the plane. We describe the experimentally obtained drive characteristics of this actuator. The experimental results indicate that the mover can travel over large yaw and translational displacements independently and simultaneously with relatively precise positioning and response. Thus, we have demonstrated satisfactory performance of a planar actuator with three degrees of freedom.
Predictive Analytical and Thermal Modeling of Orthogonal Cutting Process—Part I: Predictions of Tool Forces, Stresses, and Temperature Distributions (2005)

In this paper, a predictive thermal and analytical modeling approach for orthogonal cutting process is introduced to conveniently calculate forces, stress, and temperature distributions. The modeling approach is based on the work material constitutive model, which depends on strain, strain rate, and temperature. In thermal modeling, oblique moving band heat source theory is utilized and analytically combined with modified Oxley’s parallel shear zone theory. Normal stress distribution on the tool rake face is modeled as nonuniform with a power-law relationship. Hence, nonuniform heat intensity at the tool-chip interface is obtained from the predicted stress distributions utilizing slip line field analysis of the modified secondary shear zone. Heat sources from shearing in the primary zone and friction at the tool-chip interface are combined, heat partition ratios are determined for temperature equilibrium to obtain temperature distributions depending on cutting conditions. Model validation is performed by comparing some experimental results with the predictions for machining of AISI 1045 steel, AL 6082-T6, and AL 6061-T6 aluminum. Close agreements with the experiments are observed. A set of detailed, analytically computed stress and temperature distributions is presented.
Works of Adhesion between Liquid Metals and Metallic Oxides (1970)

The work of adhesion has been determined by the measurement of the contact angle between liquid metals such as Ag, Au, Cu, Fe-C and Sn and metallic oxides as MgO, SiO2 and Al2O3. Contact angles are very sensitive to the experimental conditions and so different data have been reported by previous investigators. To obtain some information on the interface between liquid metal and oxides, a series of test should be carried out under the same condition.In this paper, the work of adhesion is estimated roughly according to Pask’s model and compared with the experimental values. The results obtained are summarized as follows:(1) The dispersion force is a major part of the interface force between liquid metal and oxide.(2) The work of adhesion is related to the free energy change with the oxidation of liquid metal.(3) Contact angles are very sensitive to the atmospere which has the effect on the interfacial structure of materials.
Heteropolyacids. Versatile green catalysts usable in a variety of reaction media (2000)

Abstract Basic characteristics of heteropolyacids as green catalysts are overviewed, focusing on the various reaction fields in which the heteropolyacid catalysts function as acid and oxidation catalysts, and then two industrial processes which were made very green by the use of heteropolyacid catalysts in liquid biphase systems are described. In this context an interesting new reaction field formed at the interfacial layer of a solid heteropolyacid and liquid has also been reported.
Resonant-cavity InGaAs-InAlAs avalanche photodiodes with gain-bandwidth product of 290 GHz (1999)

We demonstrated a high-speed, resonant-cavity InGaAs-InAlAs separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiode (APD) operating at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. Due to the resonant-cavity scheme, these APDs exhibit high external quantum efficiency (/spl sim/70%) and a high unity-gain bandwidth of 24 GHz. Utilizing the excellent noise characteristics of a thin InAlAs multiplication region (k/spl sim/0.18), we have also achieved a gain-bandwidth product of 290 GHz. These bandwidth results are believed to be the highest reported values for APDs operating at 1.55 μm.
Utilizing Route Correlation to Improve BGP Routing Convergence (2007)

Recent research discovers that BGP routing convergence after fail-down and fail-over event is delayed by path exploration. In this paper, we design a new mechanism, time window, based on the penalty value of Route Flap Damping to improve BGP routing convergence. The new mechanism judges the route stability in the network by observing multiple correlative routes received from different peers jointly. Then BGP speaker can find unstable routes earlier and neglect them in decision process. Time window mechanism makes stable routes get the chance to be selected earlier, thus curtail path exploration. Simulation results prove that, with proper parameters our method can achieve satisfactory effect. No addition information in BGP Update message makes time window mechanism a more practical method to be incrementally deployed in the Internet.
Preparation and properties of cleavable dianionic surfactants with a 1,3‐dioxane ring (1993)

Some cleavable dianionic surfactants were prepared by the reaction of aldehydes with diethyl bis (hydroxymethyl)‐malonate, followed by saponification with sodium hydroxide. The critical micelle concentrations of the surfactants were determined.
Silicon nitride O-band (de)multiplexers with low thermal sensitivity (2017)

In this paper, four-channel cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based wavelength (de)multiplexers in the O-band are demonstrated experimentally by utilizing silicon nitride (SiN) optical waveguides. By reference to the commonly used 100 Gigabit Ethernet standards, two types of (de)multiplexer devices with different channel spacings are designed and fabricated. Both the devices exhibit low insertion loss and flat passbands. The lower thermo-optical coefficient provided by SiN brings benefits of reduction in thermal sensitivity. The fabricated (de)multiplexers show a temperature-dependent wavelength shift of about 18.5 pm/°C, which is reduced by 75% compared to the standard silicon-based devices.
Cancer heterogeneity: implications for targeted therapeutics (2013)

Developments in genomic techniques have provided insight into the remarkable genetic complexity of malignant tumours. There is increasing evidence that solid tumours may comprise of subpopulations of cells with distinct genomic alterations within the same tumour, a phenomenon termed intra-tumour heterogeneity. Intra-tumour heterogeneity is likely to have implications for cancer therapeutics and biomarker discovery, particularly in the era of targeted treatment, and evidence for a relationship between intra-tumoural heterogeneity and clinical outcome is emerging. Our understanding of the processes that exacerbate intra-tumoural heterogeneity, both iatrogenic and tumour specific, is likely to increase with the development and more widespread implementation of advanced sequencing technologies, and adaptation of clinical trial design to include comprehensive tissue collection protocols. The current evidence for intra-tumour heterogeneity and its relevance to cancer therapeutics will be presented in this mini-review.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Deoxyfluoroglycosides and Cleavage of Silyl Groups by the Triethylamine Hydrofluoric Acid Complex. (1988)

Abstract Glycosides such as (I), (III), or (V) react with the triethylamine hydrofluoric acid complex to give the deoxyfluoro sugars (II), (IV), and (VI).
Efficient 3-D extraction of interconnect capacitance considering floating metal fills with boundary element method (2005)

Inserting dummy (area fill) metals is necessary to reduce the pattern-dependent variation of dielectric thickness in the chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process. Such floating dummy metals affect interconnect capacitance and, therefore, signal delay and crosstalk significantly. To take the floating dummies into account, an efficient method for three-dimensional (3-D) capacitance extraction based on boundary element method is proposed. By introducing a floating condition into the direct boundary integral equation (BIE) and adopting an efficient preconditioning technique, and the quasi-multiple medium (QMM) acceleration, the method achieves very high computational speed. For some typical structures of area fill, the presented algorithm has shown over 1000/spl times/ speedup over the industry-standard Raphael while preserving high accuracy. Compared with the recently proposed PASCAL in the work of Park et al. (2000), the proposed method also has about ten times speedup. Since the dummies are not regarded as normal electrodes in capacitance extraction, the proposed method is much more efficient than the conventional method, especially in cases with a large number of floating dummies.
[Clinical study of naoxin sutong in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction]. (1994)

It was shown that the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion produced free radicals are the main factor that causes irreversible cerebral injury. The mechanism of Naoxin Sutong (NXST) treated acute cerebral infarction was elucidated. It is compared with Ligustrazine (LT), which has been proved to be an effective drug for cerebral infarction. The curative effect and the changes of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, blood rheology, blood lipid, etc. of 41 patients with acute cerebral infarction within 3 days, who were confirmed by CT. The therapeutic result showed that after 4 weeks of treatment the points of progress for central nervous system deficit scoring of NXST and LT group were 10.67 +/- 5.02 and 6.85 +/- 4.49 respectively. The difference between these two groups was significant. MDA levels of the patients and the healthy subjects were 6.46 +/- 1.70 and 3.87 +/- 0.67 nmol/ml respectively, the difference was also significant (P < 0.01). After 2 weeks of treatment, MDA content of NXST was less than before (P < 0.05). However the level of LT group did not reduce, while after 3 weeks of treatment, MDA content of NXST group was 4.34 nmol/ml. It was much less than that of LT group and approached that of healthy subjects. Results also showed that blood rheology improved, blood lipid reduced after NXST treatment. All these indicated that the effect of NXST in treating acute cerebral infarction was good, and the mechanism as that NXST could scavenge free radicals, ameliorate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, improve blood rheology and reduce blood lipid.
Development of Abrasion Processing of Wheat Grain and Baking Technology with High-quality Whole Wheat Flour of Hokkaido Noodle Cultivars (2013)

Whole wheat flour is rich in dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals when compared with commercial flour lacking bran and germ. However, whole wheat flour prepared by conventional milling contains roughly ground bran and causes elastic deformation of the gluten membrane and degradation of bread quality. Cleaning of the wheat seed coat is an important step in the process of preparing hygienic whole wheat flour. It is also important to prepare fine scratches on the seed coat in order to finely pulverize the bran. Milling of wheat grain was carried out using a stainless steel mortar developed by NFRI, and this enabled the preparation of whole wheat flour with finely pulverized wheat bran. Bread products made from fresh ground whole wheat flour showed high quality with superior flavor. In this study, we outline the novel surface treatment technology used to prepare hygienic whole wheat flour with finely pulverized wheat bran, and the techniques for producing high-quality whole wheat bread from the noodle wheat Kitahonami.
A performance analysis of trellis coded hybrid-ARQ protocols in a fading environment (2003)

A method is described for modifying trellis coded modulation systems for use in type-I hybrid ARQ protocols over slowly fading Rician channels. The difference in the metrics between the surviving path and the nonsurvivors throughout the trellis can be used to determine the desirability of retransmission requests. Bounds on the reliability and throughput performance of the resulting error control scheme are then derived for slowly fading Rician channels. Examples are included to illustrate the achievable gain compared to ordinary forward error control (FEC) trellis-coded transmission. Schemes based on ordinary and multiple trellis-coded modulation are compared over several different Rician fading channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>