gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Demand for Basket-Backed Stablecoins (2020)

We develop a model where persistent trade shocks create demand for a basket- backed stablecoin, such as Mark Carney&amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s &amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;synthetic hegemonic currency&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; or Facebook&amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s recent proposal for Libra. In numerical simulations, we find four main results. First, because of general equilibrium effects of the basket currency on the volatility of currency values, overall demand for that currency is small. Second, despite scant holdings of the basket, its global reach may contribute to substantial increases in welfare if the basket is widely accepted, allowing it to complement holdings of sovereign currencies. Third, we calculate the welfare maximizing composition of the basket, finding that optimal weights depend on the pattern of international acceptance, but that basket composition does not significantly affect welfare. Fourth, despite potential welfare improvements, low demand for the basket currency from buyers limits sellers&amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27; incentives to invest in accepting it, suggesting that fears of a so-called global stablecoin replacing domestic sovereign currencies may be overstated.
3D ReRAM arrays and crossbars: Fabrication, characterization and applications (2017)

As the rapid progress of memristor technology continues, multi-layer stacking of these crossbars is needed in order to maximize the use of vertical space and achieve the required density for high throughput applications. This work summarizes our efforts of designing and building three-dimensional monolithically integrated memristive arrays and crossbars, both standalone and onto CMOS chips. We discuss the fabrication and electrical characterization details of stand-alone and CMOS integrated ReRAM arrays and crossbars together with their use in experimental demonstrations of digital and analog applications such as three-dimensional stateful logic, hardware security primitives and dot-product operations.
Thrombin Stimulation of Vascular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Protein Kinase C (PKC)-δ-NF-κB and PKC-ζ-GATA Signaling Pathways (2003)

We recently demonstrated that thrombin induces the expression of vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in endothelial cells by an NF-kappaB- and GATA-dependent mechanism. In the present study, we describe the signaling pathways that mediate this response. Thrombin stimulation of the VCAM-1 gene and promoter in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was inhibited by preincubation with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, the protein kinase C (PKC)-delta inhibitor, rottlerin, a PKC-zeta peptide inhibitor, or by overexpression of dominant negative (DN)-PKC-zeta. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, thrombin-mediated induction of NF-kappaB p65 binding to two NF-kappaB motifs in the upstream promoter region of VCAM-1 was blocked by LY294002 and rottlerin, whereas the inducible binding of GATA-2 to a tandem GATA motif was inhibited by LY294002 and the PKC-zeta peptide inhibitor. In co-transfection assays, thrombin stimulation of a minimal promoter containing multimerized VCAM-1 NF-kappaB sites was inhibited by DN-PKC-delta but not DN-PKC-zeta. In contrast, thrombin-mediated transactivation of a minimal promoter containing tandem VCAM-1 GATA motifs was inhibited by DN-PKC-zeta but not DN-PKC-delta. Finally, thrombin failed to induce VCAM-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the endothelial cell-specific effect of thrombin on VCAM-1 expression involves the coordinate activity of PKC-delta-NF-kappaB and PKC-zeta-GATA signaling pathways.
Ceramide Directly Activates Protein Kinase C ζ to Regulate a Stress-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Complex (2000)

We have previously shown that interleukin 1 (IL-1)-receptor-generated ceramide induces growth arrest in smooth muscle pericytes by activating an upstream kinase in the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade. We now report the mechanism by which ceramide activates the SAPK signaling pathway in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). We demonstrate that ceramide activation of protein kinase C zeta (PKCzeta) mediates SAPK signal complex formation and subsequent growth suppression. Ceramide directly activates both immunoprecipitated and recombinant human PKCzeta in vitro. Additionally, ceramide activates SAPK activity, which is blocked with a dominant-negative mutant of PKCzeta. Co-immunoprecipitation studies reveal that ceramide induces the association of SAPK with PKCzeta, but not with PKCepsilon. In addition, ceramide treatment induces PKCzeta association with phosphorylated SEK and MEKK1, elements of the SAPK signaling complex. The biological role of ceramide to induce cell cycle arrest is mimicked by overexpression of a constitutively active PKCzeta. Together, these studies demonstrate that ceramide induces cell cycle arrest by enhancing the ability of PKCzeta to form a signaling complex with MEKK1, SEK, and SAPK.
Architectural Comparison of Analog and Digital Duty Cycle Corrector for High Speed I/O Link (2010)

To achieve high speed data signaling rates with the internal fast clock operating at half its speed,the XDR (extreme data rate) I/O link employs dual-edge signaling where in data bits are transmitted on both the edges (rise/fall) of transmit clock. Duty cycle correction technique is used to provide high frequency low jitter clocks that have 50% duty cycle. This paper compares two different techniques to implement duty cycle corrector (DCC). These techniques are implemented in high speed I/O operating at data rate of 4Gbps and 6.4Gbps in TSMC 65nm & TSMC 40nm technology achieving an output duty cycle error below ±2% for ±10% input duty cycle error.
Determination of the human spine curve based on laser triangulation (2015)

The main novelty of the presented paper is the development of a new, non-contact method that provides a quick, precise and non-invasive way to determine the spatial spine curve for patients with developed scoliosis and the validation of the presented method using the palpation of the spinous processes, where no harmful ionizing radiation is present.
Passively modelocked vertical extended cavity surface emitting diode laser (2003)

Passive modelocking of a surface emitting diode laser is demonstrated using an extended cavity concept which permits the incorporation of a saturable Bragg reflector mirror into a device designed for large aperture operation as a high-power 980 nm InGaAs multiple quantum-well vertical cavity source.
Resource Provisioning Options for Large-Scale Scientific Workflows (2008)

Scientists in many fields are developing large-scale workflows containing millions of tasks and requiring thousands of hours of aggregate computation time. Acquiring the computational resources to execute these workflows poses many challenges for application developers. Although the grid provides ready access to large pools of computational resources, the traditional approach to accessing these resources suffers from many overheads that lead to poor performance. In this paper we examine several techniques based on resource provisioning that may be used to reduce these overheads. These techniques include: advance reservations, multi-level scheduling, and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). We explain the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques in terms of cost, performance and usability.
Adding a positive charge at residue 46 of <i>Drosophila</i> alcohol dehydrogenase increases cofactor specificity for NADP<sup>+</sup> (1994)

We previously reported that the D39N mutant of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), in which Asp-39 is replaced with asparagine, has a 60-fold increase in affinity for NADP+ and a 1.5-fold increase in kcat compared to wild-type ADH [Chen et al. (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 202, 263-267] and proposed that this part of ADH is close to the 2'-phosphate on the ribose moiety of NADP+. Here we report the effect of replacing Ala-46 with an argine residue, and A46R mutant, on binding of NADP+ to ADH and its catalytic efficiency with the NADP+ cofactor, and a modeling of the three-dimensional structure of the NAD(+)-binding region of ADH. The A46R mutant has a 2.5-fold lower Km(app)NADP+ and a 3-fold higher kcat with NADP+ compared to wild-type ADH; binding of NAD+ to the mutant was unchanged and kcat with NAD+ was lowered by about 30%. For the A46R mutant, the ratio of kcat/Km of NAD+ to NADP+ is 85, over ten-fold lower than that for wild-type ADH. Our model of the 3D structure of the NAD(+)-binding region of ADH shows that Ala-46 is over 10 A from the ribose moiety of NAD+, which would suggest that there is little interaction between this residue and NAD+ and explain why its mutation to arginine has little effect on NAD+ binding. However, the positive charge at residue 46 can neutralize some of the coulombic repulsion between Asp-39 and the 2'-phosphate on the ribose moiety of NADP+, which would increase its affinity for the A46R mutant. We also constructed a double mutant, D39N/A46R mutant, which we find has a 30-fold lower Km(app)NADP+ and 8-fold higher kcat with NADP+ as a cofactor compared to wild-type ADH; binding of NAD+ to this double mutant was lowered by 5-fold and kcat was increased by 1.5-fold. As a result, kcat/Km for the double mutant was the same for NAD+ and NADP+. The principle effect of the two mutations in ADH is to alter its affinity for the nucleotide cofactor; kcat decreases slightly in A46R with NAD+ and remains unchanged or increases in the other mutants.
Contradictory block arbitration for bi-directional decision feedback equalizers (2002)

We describe a new method to integrate the time-reversal diversity in bi-directional decision feedback equalizers (DFE) for the improvement of detection performance. Bi-directional DFE consists of a traditional DFE in parallel with another DFE operating on the time-reversed sequence of the received signal samples. We propose a new approach based on maximum likelihood sequence estimating to resolve the contradictory blocks in the two DFE detection outputs. We demonstrate that, with only linear computation complexity, bi-direction DFE under this new arbitration strategy can achieve significant BER improvement over the classical DFE as well as bi-directional DFE with linear soft output combining.
THE PEETRE K-METHOD IN STRONG $\lambda$-K-MONOTONE SPACES (1994)

In [5], M. Cwikel and J. Peetre showed that some Banach couples are Calderon pairs and every K-monotone cones in that couples can be constructed by the Peetre K-method. With the help of theorem 4 in [3], we can extend the above result to the K-monotone spaces. In [4], M. Cwikel provided the proof of therem 4 in [3] and also mentioned that some theorems in [5] which were stated in terms of K-monotone cones can be extended to K-monotone spaces. But M. Cwikel and J.Peetre's results only cover the case when over bar A = over bar B. We extend this result to the case when over bar A.neq. over bar B. In this case, we need a condition stronger than that the K-monotone space.
A predictive approach to help-desk response generation (2007)

We are developing a corpus-based approach for the prediction of help-desk responses from features in customers ’ emails, where responses are represented at two levels of granularity: document and sentence. We present an automatic and humanbased evaluation of our system’s responses. The automatic evaluation involves textual comparisons between generated responses and responses composed by the help-desk operators. The results show that both levels of granularities produce good responses, addressing inquiries of different kinds. The human-based evaluation measures response informativeness, and confirms our conclusion that both levels of granularity produce useful responses. 1
Financial Institutions And Markets Across Countries And Over Time - Data And Analysis (2009)

This paper introduces the updated and\n expanded version of the Financial Development and Structure\n Database and presents recent trends in structure and\n development of financial institutions and markets across\n countries. The authors add indicators on banking structure\n and financial globalization. They find a deepening of both\n financial markets and institutions, a trend concentrated in\n high-income countries and more pronounced for markets than\n for banks. Similarly, the recent increase in cross-border\n lending and debt issues has been concentrated in high-income\n countries, while low and lower-middle income countries have\n experienced an increase in remittance flows. Low net\n interest margins, rising profitability and declining\n stability in high-income countries banking sectors\n characterize the recent financial sector boom in high income\n countries leading up to the global financial crisis of 2007.
<title>Surface modeling in heart motion analysis</title> (1992)

This paper presents a new approach for left ventricle surface modeling in the analysis of dynamic behavior of the heart from biplane cineangiograms. We decompose the motion and deformation analysis of the left ventricle into two stages by coarse-to-fine modeling the moving surface of the left ventricle. Such a two-step surface modeling enables us to formulate the complex motion analysis as a series of well-defined parameter estimation algorithms. We model the globally deformable surface by a parametrized family of surfaces known as superquadrics that are able to model expansion/contraction and twisting deformations. The deformation parameters are obtained by fitting the given 3-D data to the superquadric modeling primitives. The residues of such a fitting are the measure of local deformations that global modeling primitives are unable to abstract. These residues are then interpolated by spherical harmonic surface modeling primitives to form a residue surface. Local deformation tensor analysis of the left ventricle is therefore based on the overall surfaces constructed by superposition of local spherical harmonic residue surfaces on top of the global superquadric surfaces. Animations of the estimated dynamic surface are generated using scientific visualization techniques in order to vividly examine the complex spatial and temporal nature of the left ventricle. These animations are consistent with a priori knowledge of the left ventricle and hence show the success of the surface modeling algorithm.
A Note on the Self Consistent Approximation Method for the Evaluation of Radial Distribution Functions of Simple Fluids (1976)

The self consistent approximation of Rowlinson, Carley and Lado has been applied to calculate the radial distribution functions of simple fluids (Neon, Krypton and Xenon) interacting with a Lennard-Jones 6:12 potential. It has been found that in general the self consistent values are nearer to the exact values than other values.
Template-Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoembossed Mesoporous LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Microspheres for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Nanoembossed mesoporous LiFePO4 microspheres were first synthesized by a template-free hydrothermal process. These microspheres show a quite uniform size distribution of ∼3 μm and are composed of many densely aggregated ∼100 nm nanoparticles and interconnected nanochannels. This mesoporous structure can allow sucrose to penetrate into the spheres easily and generate a thorough carbon coating on the surface of the nanoparticles in the interior of the spheres. The composite materials’ physical properties were further characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, TG, BET surface area, and Raman spectroscopy. These microspheres as a cathode-active material show high tap density (1.4 g cm−3), excellent high rate capability (115 mAh g−1, 10 C), and cycling stability, possibly fulfilling the requirements of rechargeable lithium batteries for upcoming high power applications.
Genetic robustification of digital model-following flight-control systems (2002)

The dynamical characteristics of high-performance fighter aircraft vary considerably over typical operational flight envelopes, and digital model-following flight-control systems for such aircraft must accordingly be robust. However, the linearised dynamics of such aircraft are usually modelled as partially irregular plants, i.e. plants having rank-defective first Markov parameters for which no robustness results are currently available in the case of fast-sampling digital PID controllers. Genetic algorithms can, however, be used to tune such PID controllers so as to robustify them over entire flight envelopes. This use of genetic algorithms is illustrated by the design of a robustified digital model-following flight-control system for an open-loop unstable F-16 aircraft operating over a flight envelope involving three different flight conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Detection of the Pancreatic Cancer Biomarker CA 19-9 (2017)

Plasmonic gold (Au) nanotriangular arrays, functionalized with a near infrared (NIR) fluorophore-conjugated immunoassay to Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a pancreatic cancer biomarker, produce optically tunable substrates with two orders of magnitude fluorescence enhancement. Through nanoscale morphological control, the sensitivities of the plasmonic nanotriangular arrays are controllable, paving the way of such optical platforms for multiplexing. Here, we report a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.7 × 10<sup>-7</sup> U.mL<sup>-1</sup> for CA 19-9 by using such tunable Au nanotriangular arrays, a great improvement compared to commercially available CA 19-9 immunoassays. The linear dynamic range was from 1 × 10<sup>-6</sup> U.mL<sup>-1</sup> to 1 U.mL<sup>-1</sup>, i.e. up to six orders of magnitude. Moreover, high specificity was demonstrated, together with successful validation in serum samples. Their superior tunable sensitivity, along with efforts to combine CA 19-9 with other biomarkers for improved accuracy, open up the possibility for multiplexed NIR-fluorescence enhancement microarrays, for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.
Mutually exclusive interactions drive handover of mRNA from export adaptors to TAP (2008)

Adaptor proteins stimulate the nuclear export of mRNA, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we show that REF/ALY binds mRNA; but upon formation of a ternary complex with TAP the RNA is transferred from REF to TAP, and overexpression of TAP displaces REF from mRNA in vivo. RNA is also handed over from two other adaptors, 9G8 and SRp20 to TAP upon formation of a ternary complex. Interestingly, the RNA-binding affinity of TAP is enhanced 4-fold in vitro once it is complexed with REF. 9G8 and SRp20 also enhance the TAP RNA-binding activity in vitro. Consistent with a model in which TAP directly binds mRNA handed over from adaptors during export, we show that TAP binds mRNA in vivo by an arginine-rich motif in its N-terminal domain. The importance of direct TAP-mRNA interactions is confirmed by the observation that a mutant form of TAP that fails to bind mRNA but retains the ability to bind REF does not function in mRNA export.
Conversational based method for tweet contextualization (2017)

Bound to 140 characters, tweets are short and ambiguous by nature. It can be hard for a user without any kind of context to effectively understand what the tweet is about. Due to this restriction, it is, therefore, necessary to know the tweet’s context to make it easily understandable to a reader. In this paper, we treat the problem of tweet contextualization. We propose a specific method allowing to automatically contextualize tweets using information coming from social user interactions. Contrary to classical contextualization methods that only consider text information which is insufficient, since text information on Twitter is very sparse, we combine different types of signals (social, temporal, textual). Our experimental results validate the benefits of our approach and confirm that generated contexts contain relevant information with given tweet.
Engaging life (2003)

Participation not only looks different at different ages but is different. Encouraging child participation entails listening not just to the oldest, brightest and most articulate children, but to children of all ages and capacities. Children participate in life from the first and their competency to express their needs and frustrations, their dreams and aspirations, changes with age, growing more complex throughout childhood and into adulthood. Although the participation of the very youngest child differs dramatically from that of the young adult, there is a continuum of evolving capacities that can be traced from an infant’s first movements to an adolescent’s political actions.
Serum lipids, ABO blood group and sickle cell trait. (1996)

One hundred apparently healthy individuals were used in this study. 71% of these had normal haemoglobin (HbAA) while 29% had sickle cell trait (HbAS). Serum cholesterol and phospholipids were investigated. The mean lipid and lipoprotein concentrations (cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipid) were higher in the sickle cell trait than in the subjects with normal haemoglobin. When separated into blood groups, 24% belonged to the type A+, 11% to the type B+, 2% to the type AB+ and 63% to the type O+. In relation to sexes, a greater percentage of female population had higher lipid levels then the men, and this was consistent even in the sickle cell trait.
G-protein activation by interleukin 8 and related cytokines in human neutrophil plasma membranes (1992)

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a member of the rapidly growing superfamily of those cytokines which are thought to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and cell proliferation. In neutrophils, IL-8 triggers a variety of cellular responses by interacting with specific cell-surface receptors. To examine whether IL-8 receptors are coupled to activation of guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), we have investigated the influence of IL-8 on GTP hydrolysis by and guanosine 5'-[gamma-[35S]thio]triphosphate (GTP[35S]) binding to purified human neutrophil plasma membranes. IL-8 stimulated high-affinity GTPase about 2-fold at 100 nM, and half-maximal stimulation was observed at 1 nM. The peptide-stimulated GTPase was confined to plasma membranes upon subcellular fractionation, and was due to an increase in Vmax. rather than a decrease in Km. High-affinity binding of GTP[35S] to neutrophil plasma membranes was stimulated half-maximally and maximally (up to 5-fold) by IL-8 at about 10 nM and 100 nM respectively. GTP[35S] binding to the membranes was also stimulated by two IL-8-related cytokines, neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) and melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (gro/MGSA). Taken together, these results demonstrate that receptors for IL-8 and related cytokines are coupled to and activate G-proteins in neutrophil plasma membranes, indicating that G-protein activation is an important intermediate step in the induction of neutrophil functions by IL-8 and its congeners.
Physiological Response of Rhododendron Cuttings to Different Light Levels During Rooting (1987)

Abstract Leafy cuttings of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. ‘Roseum Elegans’ were rooted under 0%, 55%, or 95% shade in a greenhouse. Compared to the low-light treatment, higher light induced high photosynthetic rates, high sucrose and starch levels, and low leaf water potential, but these differences only persisted for the initial part of the 23-week rooting period and did not influence subsequent rooting percentage. However, in cuttings receiving 95% shade, dry weights of leaves and stems and rootball size were relatively small after 23 weeks, suggesting that growth was reduced by lack of photosynthate. The reduced size of cuttings rooted under 95% shade apparently did not affect vigor because the size of the above-ground portion of all plants was equal after 2 months of growth in a greenhouse.