gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
100 Gbps/λ C-Band CD Digital Pre-Compensated and Direct-Detection Links With Simple Non-Linear Compensation (2021)

In the scenario of downstream Passive Optical Networks (PON), we analyze through simulations and experiments a 100 Gbps/λ link using digital signal processing (DSP) over up to 50 km single mode fiber (SMF) in C-band. In particular, we propose chromatic dispersion digital pre-compensation (CD-DPC) and quaternary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) levels optimization at the transmitter side (TX), and simple non-linear compensation (NLC) in combination with adaptive equalization (AEQ) at the receiver side (RX). Regarding NLC, we compare two approaches: a quadratic polynomial function and a square-root-like function respectively. In this paper, we analyze in detail the performances of four proposed options, namely equispaced PAM-4 levels without NLC (baseline case), equispaced PAM-4 levels in combination with NLC, optimized PAM-4 levels without NLC, and optimized PAM-4 levels in combination with NLC. We demonstrate through simulations and experiments that optimized PAM-4 levels can only offer limited enhancement when NLC is applied, and up to 3.3 dB sensitivity gain can be obtained thanks to NLC at RX when setting the optimum parameters, with respect to the baseline case.
A Dual-mode Sensing Scheme Of Capacitor Coupled EEPROM Cell For Super High Endurance (1991)

In this paper, the Dual-Mode sensing (DMS) scheme of capacitor coupled EEPROM cell utilizing both the charge sensing mode and current sensing mode is proposed. using the DMS technique, high speed sensing in the low voltage operation is possible and endurance characteristics are significantly improved.
Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency glycogen storage disease. Studies on the interrelationships of carbohydrate, lipid, and purine abnormalities. (1962)

Three siblings with glycogen storage disease have been studied. These children demonstrated the classic physical findings of von Gierke's disease. Liver enzyme assays on one sibling revealed very low glucose 6-phosphatase activity. Hepatic phosphoglucomutase, phosphorylase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase activities were within normal limits. Erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was also normal. Incubation of liver slices with glucose 1-C14 and glucose 6-C14 revealed an initial rate of C14O2 production at which CO2 from C-1 was three times that from C-6. This is strong evidence for the active operation of the phosphogluconate oxidation pathway in this patient, and taken with the normal assay value of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, constitutes a negation of the concept of a dual enzyme defect recently proposed for von Gierke's disease. Striking elevations of free fatty acids in serum, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and blood ketones were noted. Potential mechanisms for these elevations have been discussed. Marked hyperuricemia was a persistent finding and was associated with a somewhat low renal clearance of urate in the one patient studied. All three had striking elevations of lactic acid in blood, which is known to interfere with renal urate excretion. Thus renal factors may have contributed to the hyperuricemia, previously considered solely a consequence of enhanced nucleoprotein catabolism secondary to persistent hypoglycemia. Long-term intramuscular administration of glucagon did not produce significant clinical or laboratory improvement in the one patient in whom it was employed.
Automatic brightness control of the handheld device display with low illumination (2012)

The automatic brightness control is a common functionality on the smartphone. Either Android phones or iPhones enable this capability by using the light sensor which located on the front panel. Unfortunately, the automatic brightness control is unsatisfactory on these two types of smartphones where the user always struggles with the brightness setup to adapt to the ambient light with various intensities. In this paper, a novel automatic brightness control method which is suitable for low illumination is proposed. We take advantage of the front panel camera on the smartphone and face detection technics to capture the image of user's face and background. With low ambient brightness, the proposed scheme calculates the contrast ratio between user's face and background to determine the optimum screen brightness.
A co-contextual formulation of type rules and its application to incremental type checking (2015)

Type rules associate types to expressions given a typing context. As the type checker traverses the expression tree top-down, it extends the typing context with additional context information that becomes available. This way, the typing context coordinates type checking in otherwise independent subexpressions, which inhibits parallelization and incrementalization of type checking. We propose a co-contextual formulation of type rules that only take an expression as input and produce a type and a set of context requirements. Co-contextual type checkers traverse an expression tree bottom-up and merge context requirements of independently checked subexpressions. We describe a method for systematically constructing a co-contextual formulation of type rules from a regular context-based formulation and we show how co-contextual type rules give rise to incremental type checking. Using our method, we derive incremental type checkers for PCF and for extensions that introduce records, parametric polymorphism, and subtyping. Our performance evaluation shows that co-contextual type checking has performance comparable to standard context-based type checking, and incrementalization can improve performance significantly.
Analysis, simulation and fabrication of MEMS springs for a micro-tensile system (2008)

The support spring of a uniaxial micro-tensile system for testing micro-scale thin films is studied in this paper. Stresses of different shape springs are analyzed with the finite element method (FEM). The simulated results show that the stress of an S-shaped spring is lower compared with a U-shaped spring with the same dimensions (100 µm thick, 100 µm wide, 250 µm inner diameter and 5 turns). The maximum stress of the S-shaped spring is about 133 MPa when the displacement of 100 µm is imposed at one end of the spring along the lateral side. The number of turns has the most important effect on stress and stiffness of the S-shaped spring. Moreover, main stress concentration is symmetric in the spring system and it is located in the arc near to the two fixed ends in all springs. The spindle-shape support spring is fabricated by UV-LIGA technology according to analyzed results and calibrated by the specific device.
The use of dissimilar metals in surgery (1975)

Previously, the use of dissimilar metals for the construction of surgical implants has been strongly discouraged because the combination of metals was likely to provoke more rapid corrosion of one metal. With the passive alloys that are in present and future application, however, a reconsideration of the use of dissimilar metals is required. Presently available electrochemical tests allow accurate prediction of safe and unsafe combinations of metals. The use of dissimilar metals would permit selection of the alloy of appropriate mechanical properties for each part of an implant and would allow improved corrosion resistance that certain alloys can convey to other alloys with which they are in contact.
Loss of<i>Eph-receptor</i>expression correlates with loss of cell adhesion and chondrogenic capacity in<i>Hoxa13</i>mutant limbs (2001)

Mesenchymal patterning is an active process whereby genetic commands coordinate cell adhesion, sorting and condensation, and thereby direct the formation of morphological structures. In mice that lack the Hoxa13 gene, the mesenchymal condensations that form the autopod skeletal elements are poorly resolved, resulting in missing digit, carpal and tarsal elements. In addition, mesenchymal and endothelial cell layers of the umbilical arteries (UAs) are disorganized, resulting in their stenosis and in embryonic death. To further investigate the role of Hoxa13 in these phenotypes, we generated a loss-of-function allele in which the GFP gene was targeted into the Hoxa13 locus. This allele allowed FACS isolation of mesenchymal cells from Hoxa13 heterozygous and mutant homozygous limb buds. Hoxa13(GFP) expressing mesenchymal cells from Hoxa13 mutant homozygous embryos are defective in forming chondrogenic condensations in vitro. Analysis of pro-adhesion molecules in the autopod of Hoxa13 mutants revealed a marked reduction in EphA7 expression in affected digits, as well as in micromass cell cultures prepared from mutant mesenchymal cells. Finally, antibody blocking of the EphA7 extracellular domain severely inhibits the capacity of Hoxa13(GFP) heterozygous cells to condense and form chondrogenic nodules in vitro, which is consistent with the hypothesis that reduction in EphA7 expression affects the capacity of Hoxa13(-/-) mesenchymal cells to form chondrogenic condensations in vivo and in vitro. EphA7 and EphA4 expression were also decreased in the mesenchymal and endothelial cells that form the umbilical arteries in Hoxa13 mutant homozygous embryos. These results suggest that an important role for Hoxa13 during limb and UA development is to regulate genes whose products are required for mesenchymal cell adhesion, sorting and boundary formation.
Long-term survival after surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer (2017)

<b>Introduction:</b> Surgical resection is recommended treatment in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition to tumor stage and biology, various risk factors contribute to postoperative mortality. <b>Aims and objectives:</b> We have investigated risk factors for all-cause mortality. In addition we evaluated risk factors for specific causes of death due to lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and other causes. <b>Methods:</b> We individually assessed risk factors affecting overall and cause-specific mortality in a Cox’ proportional hazards model in a cohort of stage I/II NSCLC patients (n=756, 381 females, 375 males, -mean age at surgery 66 years) treated from 2007-2015 in a tertiary university center. Median follow-up was 7.3 years and ended at 9.3 years. <b>Results:</b> Risk factors predicting mortality for all causes of death and death due to NSCLC were increasing age, severely reduced lung function, ECOG ≥2, preoperative examination without FDG-PET/CT, tumor histology (large cell carcinoma, adenosquamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma-NOS) and increasing tumor stage. Patients dying of cardiovascular disease were few (n=19) and therefore included in the other cause group. In patients dying of other causes, age, gender, BMI, smoking and ECOG ≥2 affected mortality. At the end of follow-up there was 35% risk of dying from lung cancer and 20% risk of dying of other causes. Risk of cardiovascular death was 3%. Overall survival was 74%, 62% and 41% at 3, 5 and 9 years, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study documented continued risk of lung cancer death beyond 5 years after resection. This may contribute to future guidelines, especially in terms of duration of follow-up in surgically resected lung cancer patients.
Functional verification environment for I2C master controller using system verilog (2017)

Inter-Integrated Circuit (I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C) plays an important role as an interface in communication between devices. EEPROMS, ADC, DAC and RTC require an interface for communication and I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C is used as an interface between them. The RTL behavior of the I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C Master Controller is verified using System Verilog and its verification is carried out in Mentor Graphics tool. The functionality of the design is verified and there is no data loss in transmission. The proposed verification environment includes the constrained randomization, functional coverage and code coverage. In the proposed system, DUT is subjected to the verification with various coverage metrics such as code coverage, functional coverage, etc. Complex scenarios are covered with multiple cover groups which have many cover points. The code coverage obtained for the DUT is 92.38 percentage. The functional coverage for the parameters such as address and data are obtained as 100 percentage.
Model based horn contraction (2012)

Following the recent trend of adapting the AGM (Alchourron and Makinson 1985) framework to propositional Horn logic, Delgrande and Peppas (Delgrande and Peppas 2011) give a model theoretic account for revision in the Horn logic setting. The current paper complements their work by studying the model theoretic approach for contraction. A model based Horn contraction is constructed and shown to give a model theoretic account to the transitively relational partial meet Horn contraction studied in (Zhuang and Pagnucco 2011). Significantly however, in contrast to (Delgrande and Peppas 2011), our model-based characterisation of Horn contraction does not require the property of Horn compliance and totality over preorders. The model based contraction, upon proper restriction, also gives a model theoretic account for the epistemic entrenchment based Horn contraction studied in (Zhuang and Pagnucco 2010a).
Performance Impact Caused by Hidden Bias of Training Data for Recognizing Textual Entailment (2018)

The quality of training data is one of the crucial problems when a learning-centered approach is employed. This paper proposes a new method to investigate the quality of a large corpus designed for the recognizing textual entailment (RTE) task. The proposed method, which is inspired by a statistical hypothesis test, consists of two phases: the first phase is to introduce the predictability of textual entailment labels as a null hypothesis which is extremely unacceptable if a target corpus has no hidden bias, and the second phase is to test the null hypothesis using a Naive Bayes model. The experimental result of the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus does not reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, it indicates that the SNLI corpus has a hidden bias which allows prediction of textual entailment labels from hypothesis sentences even if no context information is given by a premise sentence. This paper also presents the performance impact of NN models for RTE caused by this hidden bias.
Suspension-mediated induction of Hepa 1c1c7 Cyp1a-1 expression is dependent on the Ah receptor signal transduction pathway. (1994)

We have recently demonstrated that release of normal human epithelial cells from cell-substratum and/or cell-cell adhesion generates cellular signals that induce the expression of CYP1A1 in the absence of xenobiotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Sadek, C. M., and Allen-Hoffmann, B. L. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 169, 16067-16074). To directly test the involvement of the Ah receptor signal transduction pathway in CYP1A1 induction following suspension of epithelial cells, we analyzed wild-type Hepa 1c1c7 cells, a subclone of the Hepa-1c1 mouse hepatoma line, and two mutant Hepa 1c1c7 lines, Class I and Class II. Suspension of wild-type Hepa 1c1c7 cells for 4 h led to an induction of steady state levels of CYP1A1 mRNA, similar to that obtained following treatment of adherent cells with 10(-9) M 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Mutants of the Hepa 1c1c7 cells defective in different aspects of the Ah receptor signal transduction pathway exhibited negligible (Class I) or no (Class II) suspension-mediated induction of CYP1A1 mRNA. Gel mobility shift analysis of nuclear extracts from suspended or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-treated wild-type cells showed that both treatments produced identical shifts in the mobility of an XRE-containing probe. Antibody supershift experiments confirmed that the Ah receptor was a component of the DNA-protein complex from suspended wild-type Hepa 1c1c7 cells. These data directly demonstrate that suspension of wild-type Hepa 1c1c7 cells leads to nuclear localization and activation of the Ah receptor to a DNA-binding form.
Integrated Secondary Power System (ADS) (1965)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Aircraft secondary power systems for supersonic transports and vertical take-off and landing aircraft are required to provide additional capabilities beyond those of present day secondary power systems without compromising the aircraft design, mission, or range.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">These problems are solved by use of airframe mounted accessory drive systems (ADS) and auxiliary power units. Three possible arrangements of secondary power systems are described.</div>
Video Browsing - A Study of User Behavior in Online VoD Services (2013)

A big portion of Internet traffic nowadays is video. A good understanding of user behavior in online VoD systems can help us design, configure and manage video content distribution. With the help of a major video on demand (VoD) service provider, we conduct a detailed study of user behavior watching streamed videos over the Internet. We engineered the video player at the client side to collect user behavior reports for over 540 million sessions.In order to isolate the possible effect of session quality of experience (QoE) on user behavior, we focus on the sessions with perfect QoE, and leave out those sessions with QoE impairments (such as freezes).Our main finding is that users spend a lot of time browsing: viewing part of one video after another, and only occasionally (around 20% of the time) watching a video to its completion. We consider seek (jump to a new position of the video) as a special form of browsing - repeating partial viewing of the same video. Our analysis leads towards a user behavior model in which a user transitions through a random number of short views before a longer view, and repeats the process a random number of times. A purely abstract version of such user behavior model was proposed by Wu et al [1] as a closed queueing network formulation. Our study uncovers the parameters and distributions of such a stochastic behavior model based on observations in practice.
MgO monolayer epitaxy on Ni (100) (2017)

The growth of two-dimensional oxide films with accurate control of their structural and electronic properties is considered challenging for engineering nanotechnological applications. We address here the particular case of MgO ultrathin films grown on Ni (100), a system for which neither crystallization nor extended surface ordering has been established previously in the monolayer range. Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Auger Electron Spectroscopy, we report on experiments showing MgO monolayer (ML) epitaxy on a ferromagnetic nickel surface, down to the limit of atomic thickness. Alternate steps of Mg ML deposition, O2 gas exposure, and ultrahigh vacuum thermal treatment enable the production of a textured film of ordered MgO nano-domains. This study could open interesting prospects for controlled epitaxy of ultrathin oxide films with a high magneto-resistance ratio on ferromagnetic substrates, enabling improvement in high-efficiency spintronics and magnetic tunnel junction devices.
Study of Transition Probability of Low States of Alkali Metal Atoms with WBEPM Theory (1999)

In this paper, a theory, called Weakest Bound Electron Potential Model Theory, is employed to study the transition probability of low states of Na, K, Rb and Cs. The parameters are determined by solving the coupled equations: concerning energy ε and the radial expectation value < r > nl of the weakest bound electron. Some transition probabilities of alkali metal atoms are given to show the reliability of the present method. The more accurate the < r > nl and energy ε , the better the calculated results of the transition probabilities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 271 PCDH19-variant individuals identifies psychiatric comorbidities, and association of seizure onset and disease severity (2018)

Epilepsy and Mental Retardation Limited to Females (EFMR) is an infantile onset disorder characterized by clusters of seizures. EFMR is due to mutations in the X-chromosome gene PCDH19, and is underpinned by cellular mosaicism due to X-chromosome inactivation in females or somatic mutation in males. This review characterizes the neuropsychiatric profile of this disorder and examines the association of clinical and molecular factors with neuropsychiatric outcomes. Data were extracted from 38 peer-reviewed original articles including 271 individual cases. We found that seizure onset ≤12 months was significantly associated (p = 4.127 × 10<sup>-7</sup>) with more severe intellectual disability, compared with onset >12 months. We identified two recurrent variants p.Asn340Ser and p.Tyr366Leufs*10 occurring in 25 (20 unrelated) and 30 (11 unrelated) cases, respectively. PCDH19 mutations were associated with psychiatric comorbidities in approximately 60% of females, 80% of affected mosaic males, and reported in nine hemizygous males. Hyperactive, autistic, and obsessive-compulsive features were most frequently reported. There were no genotype-phenotype associations in the individuals with recurrent variants or the group overall. Age at seizure onset can be used to provide more informative prognostic counseling.
Analgesic Issues in Palliative Care, Furthering Our Understanding of Pain, the Stability and Cost of Opioid Infusion Therapy, and Opioid Effectiveness Doses in Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain (2002)

Literature relating to analgesic issues, pain mechanisms and management, costs of opioid infusions, and the opioids dosing for nociceptive and neuropathic pain are reviewed in the context of palliative care.
OPC beyond 0.18 μm: OPC on PSM gates (2000)

For lithography smaller that 180 nm using 248 nm steppers, phase-shifting lithography is becoming more routine. However, when applied to very small dimensions, OPC effects begin to become pronounced. We have design a new phase- shifting test structure for reticles to address these phase shifting distortions, and report on its use.
Distribution and modulation of a human leukemia-associated antigen (CALLA). (1983)

CALLA is a 100,000-dalton surface glycoprotein expressed by malignant cells of patients with clinically important subtypes of acute leukemia. Incubation of human leukemic cells expressing CALLA with specific monoclonal antibody (J5) at 37 degrees C causes rapid and selective internalization and degradation of this antigen (antigenic modulation). In these studies we show that CALLA-specific monoclonal antibodies also identify a cell surface glycoprotein having a m. w. of approximately 100,000 on 2 to 6% of nonmyeloid nucleated cells of normal adult bone marrow, on normal fibroblasts in tissue culture, and on cells of several nonhematopoietic human tumor cell lines. J5 antibody similarly modulates the surface expression of CALLA on nonleukemic cell populations, although the extent of modulation at a given concentration of antibody varied considerably. Modulation was almost complete for CALLA on cells of normal bone marrow, but was highly variable for cells of nonhematopoietic cell lines, possibly reflecting variability in antibody access to surface antigen. Using fluoresceinated or iodinated J5 antibody to modulate expression of CALLA on cells of leukemic cell lines, we show that antibody-antigen complexes undergo a temperature-dependent redistribution on the cell surface during modulation to form microaggregates. Antibody as well as antigen is then internalized. Studies of [35S]methionine-labeled cells indicate that synthesis of CALLA continues despite modulation of its surface expression by specific antibody, implying that the presence of CALLA on the cell surface reflects a dynamic equilibrium between the processes of surface expression of newly synthesized glycoprotein and its spontaneous and antibody-mediated clearance. The implications of these observations for immunotherapy are discussed.