gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1.3-μm CW lasing of InGaAs-GaAs quantum dots at room temperature with a threshold current of 8 mA (1999)

We demonstrate the first 1.3-μm continuous-wave (CW) lasing at room temperature of self-assembled InGaAs-GaAs quantum dots. High-density 1.3-μm emission dots were successfully formed by the combination of low-rate growth and InGaAs-layer overgrowth methods of molecular beam epitaxy. The 1.3-μm ground-level CW lasing occurred at up to 40/spl deg/C, and the threshold current of 8 mA at 25/spl deg/C is less than one thirtieth of values ever reported for 1.3-μm dot pulse lasers. The achievement represents a milestone for creating quantum-dot lasers applicable to fiber-optic communication system.
Design of macroporous TiO2 thin film photocatalysts with enhanced photofunctional properties (2011)

TiO2 thin films with uniform macropores were successfully prepared on quartz substrates by a dip-coating method using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres as a template. SEM observations revealed that the diameter of the macropores showed a good correspondence with the size of the PMMA microspheres. These thin films had anatase crystalline structures and maintained relatively high transparency. The degradation of organic pollutants such as 2-propanol and acetaldehyde under UV light was significantly enhanced by the construction of the macropores. It was also found that TiO2 thin films with macropores exhibited good photoinduced hydrophilicity after a short period of UV light irradiation, and a slow recovery of water contact angles in the dark as compared to those of non-porous TiO2 thin films.
Cryptographic protocols to fight sinkhole attacks on tree-based routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

This work introduces two new cryptographic protocols of different complexity and strength in limiting network degradation caused by sinkhole attacks on tree-based routing topologies in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The main goal of both protocols is to provide continuous operation by improving resilience against, rather than detection of, these attacks. The main benefit of providing resilience is that it allows operating (or graceful degradation) in the presence of attacks. Furthermore, while resilience mechanisms do not dismiss detection mechanisms, detection mechanisms often introduce more complexity and so, more weaknesses to the system, which might not justify their benefits. We provide a simulation study of the two protocols for three different routing protocols, that encompass typical routing strategies used in WSN. The results of our simulation study show that our cryptographic protocols are effective in improving resilience against sinkhole attacks, even in the presence of some collusion.
800 X 800 Charge-Coupled Device Image Sensor (1983)

The design and performance of an 800 X 800 pixel charge-coupled device (CCD) imager are described. This device is fabricated utilizing a three-phase, three-level polysilicon gate process. The chip is thinned to 8 um and is employed in the rear illumination mode. Detailed measurements of the device performance, including dark current as a function of temperature, linearity, and noise, are presented. The device is coated with an ultraviolet (UV) downconverting phosphor which allows imaging with the same device over an extremely wide optical bandwidth.
A novel approach for extracting ideal exemplars by clustering for massivetime-ordered datasets (2017)

The number and length of massive datasets have increased day by day and this yields more complex machine learning stages due to the high computational costs. To decrease the computational cost many methods were proposed in the literature such as data condensing, feature selection, and filtering. Although clustering methods are generally employed to divide samples into groups, another way of data condensing is by determining ideal exemplars (or prototypes), which can be used instead of the whole dataset. In this study, first the efficiency of traditional data condensing by clustering approach was confirmed according to obtained accuracies and condensing ratios in 9 different synthetic or real batch datasets. This approach was then improved to be employed in time-ordered datasets. In order to validate the proposed approach, 23 different real time-ordered datasets were used in experiments. Achieved mean RMSEs were 0.27 and 0.29 by employing the condensed (mean condensed ratio was 97.17%) and the whole datasets, respectively. Obtained results showed that higher accuracy rates and condensing ratios were achieved by the proposed approach.
Designing a parallel-loaded resonant inverter for an electronic ballast using the fundamental approximation (2002)

The three basic types of resonant inverters, the series-loaded, parallel-loaded, and the series-parallel-loaded, are compared using fundamental approximation techniques for their applicability in electronic ballasts operating from a low voltage source. A parallel-loaded resonant inverter operating slightly above its resonant frequency is selected because of the high voltage gains possible. Operation above the resonant frequency allows zero-voltage turn on of the semiconductor devices. Zero-voltage turn off can be achieved with the addition of lossless snubber capacitors. Experimental results from a lab prototype are used to verify the design procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Emergent structures in modular self-reconfigurable robots (2002)

We demonstrate how simple local sensing and control rules achieve useful emergent behaviors in modular self-reconfigurable (metamorphic) robots. Our biologically inspired approach grows structures with the desired functionality even though the final shapes have some unspecified random variation. By contrast, other self-reconfiguration algorithms require an a-priori exact description of a target shape for the given task, which may be difficult when a robot operates in uncertain environments. We present and evaluate several control algorithms through simulation experiments of Proteo, a metamorphic robot system.
Approaches to Exploration (2012)

Published work shows a variety of approaches to exploration for mobile robots, ranging from disregarding the issue completely through to detailed mathematical analysis of exploration algorithms. This chapter reviews this work in the context of the recent debate between ‘reactive’ and ‘model-based’ robotics (as discussed in Section 2.1).
Prototype fiber-optic-based Fizeau medical pressure sensor that uses coherence reading (1993)

We have constructed a prototype single-mode-fiber-based Fizeau interferometric medical pressure sensor that uses coherence reading. A range-to-resolution ratio of ∼6.7 × 103:1 and an overall measurement accuracy of better than ±1% over a pressure range of 0 to 360 Torr have been achieved. This miniature sensor is expected to be a practical approach for most medical applications.
Effect of ghrelin on glucose regulation in mice (2012)

Improvement of glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery appears to be from the composite effect of the alterations in multiple circulating gut hormone concentrations. However, their individual effect on glucose metabolism during different conditions is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine whether ghrelin has an impact on glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and insulin sensitivity (using a mice model). Rate of appearance of glucose, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis were measured in wild-type (WT), ghrelin knockout (ghrelin(-/-)), and growth hormone secretagogue receptor knockout (Ghsr(-/-)) mice in the postabsorptive state. The physiological nature of the fasting condition was ascertained by a short-term fast commenced immediately at the end of the dark cycle. Concentrations of glucose and insulin were measured, and insulin resistance and hepatic insulin sensitivity were calculated. Glucose concentrations were not different among the groups during the food-deprived period. However, plasma insulin concentrations were lower in the ghrelin(-/-) and Ghsr(-/-) than WT mice. The rates of gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and indexes of insulin sensitivity were higher in the ghrelin(-/-) and Ghsr(-/-) than WT mice during the postabsorptive state. Insulin receptor substrate 1 and glucose transporter 2 gene expressions in hepatic tissues of the ghrelin(-/-) and Ghsr(-/-) were higher compared with that in WT mice. This study demonstrates that gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are increased and insulin sensitivity is improved by the ablation of the ghrelin or growth hormone secretagogue receptor in mice.
Intragenic suppressors of Hsp70 mutants: Interplay between the ATPase- and peptide-binding domains (1999)

ATP hydrolysis and polypeptide binding, the two key activities of Hsp70 molecular chaperones, are inherent properties of different domains of the protein. The coupling of these two activities is critical because the bound nucleotide determines, in part, the affinity of Hsp70s for protein substrate. In addition, cochaperones of the Hsp40 (DnaJ) class, which stimulate Hsp70 ATPase activity, have been proposed to play an important role in promoting efficient Hsp70 substrate binding. Because little is understood about this functional interaction between domains of Hsp70s, we investigated mutations in the region encoding the ATPase domain that acted as intragenic suppressors of a lethal mutation (I485N) mapping to the peptide-binding domain of the mitochondrial Hsp70 Ssc1. Analogous amino acid substitution in the ATPase domain of the Escherichia coli Hsp70 DnaK had a similar intragenic suppressive effect on the corresponding I462T temperature-sensitive peptide-binding domain mutation. I462T protein had a normal basal ATPase activity and was capable of nucleotide-dependent conformation changes. However, the reduced affinity of I462T for substrate peptide (and DnaJ) is likely responsible for the inability of I462T to function in vivo. The suppressor mutation (D79A) appears to partly alleviate the defect in DnaJ ATPase stimulation caused by I462T, suggesting that alteration in the interaction with DnaJ may alter the chaperone cycle to allow productive interaction with polypeptide substrates. Preservation of the intragenic suppression phenotypes between eukaryotic mitochondrial and bacterial Hsp70s suggests that the phenomenon studied here is a fundamental aspect of the function of Hsp70:Hsp40 chaperone machines.
Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginase in the Induction of a Peyronie's‐Like Condition in the Rat (2001)

Peyronie's disease is an idiopathic, localized connective tissue disorder of the penis, involving the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum and adjacent areolar space. Current proposals as to the origin of Peyronie's disease suggest that fibrosis and collagen changes of the tunica are the result of an inflammatory process following vascular trauma. Our laboratory and other investigators have recently proposed an animal model for the study of Peyronie's disease. When transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was injected into the rat tunica albuginea, tissue fibrosis was observed at 6 weeks. Therefore, our aim was to assess arginase II, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoforms, and nitrotyrosine levels--all factors involved in inflammatory reactions--in the cavernosal tissue of saline-injected and TGF-beta1-injected rats after 6 weeks in order to evaluate the roles these enzymes may play in the induction of a Peyronie's-like condition in the rat. To examine the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), iNOS, and arginase II protein, and mRNA in the corpus cavernosum, immunoblot analysis, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were performed. We also determined immunohistochemically the expression of nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite formation, in the rat penis. After 6 weeks, iNOS protein and gene expression was up-regulated and eNOS protein and gene expression was down-regulated in the corpora cavernosa of the TGF-beta1-injected penises. Furthermore, arginase II protein expression as well as immunohistochemical localization of nitrotyrosine was significantly higher in the TGF-beta1-injected corpora cavernosa. These results suggest that iNOS is the key control element for peroxynitrite formation, arginase II expression, and eNOS down-regulation in the induction of a Peyronie's-like condition in the rat.
Analytical QoE Models for Bit-Rate Switching in Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Systems (2014)

Video streaming service in wireless networks is increasingly using dynamic selection of video bit-rates to provide a high quality of user experience (QoE). The bit-rate switching mechanism, performed at client side, plays a key role in determining QoE metrics. In this paper, we present the first analytical framework to compute starvation probability of playout buffer, continuous playback time and mean video quality, given the bit-rate switching logics. Wireless channel is modeled as a continuous time Markov process, and playout buffer is modeled as a fluid queue with Markov modulated fluid arrival. We construct a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to characterize the dynamics of starvation probability and expected continuous playback time with regard to buffer length, and simple models to analyze mean bit-rate for different bit-rate switching algorithms. Our framework is very general in that by adding appropriate parameters, it can be utilized to predict the QoE metrics of dynamic adaptive streaming with a variety of features: i) buffer-aware bit-rate switching ii) (im)patience of the user, and iii) receiver-side flow control.
Diagnostic methods for the evaluation of the state of health (SOH) of NiMH batteries through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (2014)

In this work, we have characterized single nickel metal hydride (NiMH) cells with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique to determine online the state of the batteries. Studying the variations of the obtained impedance spectra at specific frequencies, which correspond to part of the spectra that change mostly during the charge and discharge processes of the batteries, we have constructed and interpreted diagnostic diagrams through a mathematical model based on Dempster-Schafer Theory of Evidence in order to determine the SOH.
Ultrafast laser-triggered emission from hafnium carbide tips (2012)

Electron emission from hafnium carbide (HfC) field emission tips induced by a sub-10-fs, 150-MHz repetition rate Ti:sapphire laser is studied. Two-photon emission is observed at low power with a moderate electric bias field applied to the tips. As the bias field and/or laser power is increased, the average current becomes dominated by thermally enhanced field emission due to laser heating: both the low thermal conductivity of HfC and the laser's high repetition rate can lead to a temperature rise of several hundred Kelvin at the tip apex. The contribution of current from a thermal transient at times shorter than the electron-phonon coupling time is considered in the context of the two-temperature model (TTM). Under the conditions of this experiment, the integrated current from the thermal transient is shown to be negligible in comparison with the two-photon emission. A finite element model of the laser heating and thermal conduction supports these conclusions and is also used to compare the nature of thermal effects in HfC, tungsten, and gold tips.
Creative Evolution in its Bearing on the Idea of God (1950)

In two previous articles I have considered (1) the significance of Aristotle's conception of God and its relation to the philosophy of Plato and (2) Spinoza's central doctrine as related to his view of causation. Both articles were especially concerned with the question of the relation of God to the World or Universe. The purpose of the present paper, which is the concluding one of the series, is to inquire what contribution toward a solution of the problem is made by the theory of Creative Evolution.
Organization of the extracellular portion of the macrophage galactose receptor: A trimeric cluster of simple binding sites for N-acetylgalactosamine (2013)

The properties of the human macrophage galactose receptor have been investigated. Specificity for N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues with exposed 3- and 4-hydroxyl groups explains virtually all of the results obtained from a recently expanded array of synthetic glycans and is consistent with a model for the structure of the binding site. This simple interaction is sufficient to explain the ability of the receptor to bind to tumor-cell glycans bearing Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens, but not to more elaborate O-linked glycans that predominate on normal cells. This specificity also allows for binding of parasite glycans and screening of an array of bacterial outer membrane oligosaccharides confirms that the receptor binds to a subset of these structures with appropriately exposed GalNAc residues. A key feature of the receptor is the clustering of binding sites in the extracellular portion of the protein, which retains the trimeric structure observed in the cell membrane. Chemical crosslinking, gel filtration, circular dichroism analysis and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrate that this trimeric structure of the receptor is stabilized by an α-helical coiled coil that extends from the surface of the membrane to the globular carbohydrate-recognition domains. The helical neck domains form independent trimerization domains. Taken together, these results indicate that the macrophage galactose receptor shares many of the features of serum mannose-binding protein, in which clusters of monosaccharide-binding sites serve as detectors for a simple epitope that is not common on endogenous cell surface glycans but that is abundant on the surfaces of tumor cells and certain pathogens.
Using Clinical Trial Simulators to Analyse the Sources of Variance in Clinical Trials of Novel Therapies for Acute Viral Infections (2016)

Due to high inter-individual variability in natural infection, the most important variable in clinical trial design for challenge studies of potential novel influenza treatments is the number of participants. 100 participants are preferable over 50. Using more sensitive viral load assays increases the probability of a positive trial outcome, but may in some circumstances lead to false positive outcomes. Clinical trial simulations are powerful tools to identify the most important sources of variance in clinical trials and thereby help improve trial design.
Silica-deposited phospholipid tubules as a precursor to hollow submicron-diameter silica cylinders (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilica-deposited phospholipid tubules as a precursor to hollow submicron-diameter silica cylindersSubhash Baral and Paul SchoenCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 2, 145–147Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00026a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
EFFECT OF ENZYMES ON EXTRACTION OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE FROM ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES. (2010)

Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is used- for its bitter tonic , stomachic, antipyretic and laxative properties in ayurveda. The present study consists of utilizing various enzymes and their combination to facilitate the release of andrographolide from polymeric cell matrix, which in turn will facilitate extraction of andrographo lide from Andrographis paniculata. .Cellulase and Amylase enabled extraction of 0.37% and 0.34% of andrographolide. Cellulase was found to be most effective in releasing androgr apholide as compared to other enzymes and enzyme blend.
All-optical optoacoustic microscopy based on probe beam deflection technique (2016)

Optoacoustic (OA) microscopy using an all-optical system based on the probe beam deflection technique (PBDT) for detection of laser-induced acoustic signals was investigated as an alternative to conventional piezoelectric transducers. PBDT provides a number of advantages for OA microscopy including (i) efficient coupling of laser excitation energy to the samples being imaged through the probing laser beam, (ii) undistorted coupling of acoustic waves to the detector without the need for separation of the optical and acoustic paths, (iii) high sensitivity and (iv) ultrawide bandwidth. Because of the unimpeded optical path in PBDT, diffraction-limited lateral resolution can be readily achieved. The sensitivity of the current PBDT sensor of 22 μV/Pa and its noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of 11.4 Pa are comparable with these parameters of the optical micro-ring resonator and commercial piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. Benefits of the present prototype OA microscope were demonstrated by successfully resolving micron-size details in histological sections of cardiac muscle.