gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VLSI implementation of a wide band, high dynamic range digital drop receiver (1991)

The authors discuss the VLSI implementation of a wideband high-dynamic-range digital drop receiver (DDR) in a three-chip set. The chip set is composed of one numerically controlled oscillator/modulator (NCOM) followed by two decimating digital filters (DDFs). A 16 bit real or 32 bit complex sampled data sequence is input into the NCOM at up to 33 megasamples per second. The NCOM performs a tunable complex down-conversion with greater than 90 dB of spurious-free dynamic range and 0.007 Hz accuracy. The real and imaginary output of the NCOM are each sent to a DDF where they are low-pass-filtered with a stop-band attenuation of up to 120 dB and decimated by up to a factor of 16384. The filter characteristics are fully programmable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
General synthesis of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 nanomaterials by a molten-salt method: towards a high capacity and high power cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries (2012)

Well-crystallized and high-performance xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 (x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) structurally integrated nanomaterials are prepared by a facile molten-salt strategy. The effects of heat-treatment temperature, time, and the molar ratio of KCl flux to reaction precursor on the particle size as well as the electrochemical properties are explored. Our results demonstrate that a 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 313 mA h g−1 with significant enhancement in the initial coulombic efficiency (87%) at room temperature, exhibits superior rate capability and shows improved electrochemical properties over a wide temperature range, in particular at low temperature.
An Image Database Semantically Structured based on Automatic Image Annotation for Content-Based Image Retrieval (2002)

In this paper, we presented a semantically structured image database for content-based image retrieval. A class descriptor is proposed to represent each class using a multiprototype model, which can be obtained by using a learning scheme, such as the Unsupervised Optimal Fuzzy Clustering algorithm, on a group of sample images manually selected from the class. Based on the proposed Image-Class Matching Distance, a similarity measure at the semantic level between an image and classes, images can be annotated by tokens of classes. Hence, composite features of images, including low-level descriptors, class descriptors, and image annotation, are stored into a structured feature database corresponding to the semantically structured image database. From experiments, it can be concluded that the performance of the semantically structured CBIR system is improved greatly in terms of retrieval time and efficiency. 1.
Cloning and structural characterization of the mcrA locus of Escherichia coli (1991)

Escherichia coli has DNA restriction systems which are able to recognize and attack modified cytosine residues in the DNA of incoming bacteriophages and plasmids. The locus for the McrA/RglA system of modified cytosine restriction was located near the pin gene of the defective element, e14. Hence, loss of the e14 element through abortive induction after UV irradiation caused a permanent loss of McrA restriction activity. e14 DNA encoding McrA restriction was cloned and sequenced to reveal a single open reading frame of 831 bp with a predicted gene product of 31 kDa. Clones expressing the complete open reading frame conferred both McrA and RglA phenotypes; however, a deletion derivative was found which complemented RglA restriction against nonglucosylated T6gt phage but did not complement for McrA restriction of methylated plasmid DNA. Possible explanations for this activity and a comparison with the different organization of the McrB/RglB restriction system are discussed.
A new MEMS wafer probe card (1997)

This work presents a new type of wafer probe card consisting of an array of microcantilevers actuated by bimorph heating to make contact with the contact pads on a device chip during wafer-stage testing. The microcantilevers are meant to be operated either in air or in vacuum. Bending action is created through Joule heating of a bimorph film element on the cantilever. The deflection efficiency d/spl delta//dP ranges from 5.8 to 9.6 /spl mu/m/mW (depending on lever parameters), the force efficiency dF/dP ranges from 1.4 to 5.5 /spl mu/N/mW; maximum controllable (reversible) deflection is in the range of 150 /spl mu/m, and contact resistance to a gold pad is approximately 1 /spl Omega/.
Addition of Hetero Allenyl Copper Reagents to Aldehydes: Scope and Behavior (2007)

Cyanocuprates derived from propargylic amines or ethers react with aldehydes to give regioselectively the corresponding anti-homopropargylic alcohols with a high level of diastereoselectivity. Such selectivity could be obtained independently of the nature of the heteroatom (amine or ethers) or the acetylenic substituents. Excellent selectivities can be reached regardless of the aldehydes used, remarkably also with vinylic or acetylenic ones. A reactivity scale for the cuprates bearing different acetylenic substituents was established to be: SiMe3 >Ph> Et. The rate of the addition reaction to aldehydes was also found to be slowed down in the presence of HMPA underlining the crucial role of the Li counterion. DFT calculations have shown that the relationship between the rate and the acetylenic substituent is not connected to a possible metallotropic equilibrium but to the stability of the reactive allenic species compared to the less-stable propargylic isomer.
Mechanical Properties of Single Cells by High-Frequency Time-Resolved Acoustic Microscopy (2007)

In this paper, we describe a new, high-frequency, time-resolved scanning acoustic microscope developed for studying dynamical processes in biological cells. The new acoustic microscope operates in a time-resolved mode. The center frequency is 0.86 GHz, and the pulse duration is 5 ns. With such a short pulse, layers thicker than 3 microm can be resolved. For a cell thicker than 3 microm, the front echo and the echo from the substrate can be distinguished in the signal. Positions of the first and second pulses are used to determine the local impedance of the cell modeled as a thin liquid layer that has spatial variations in its elastic properties. The low signal-to-noise ratio in the acoustical images is increased for image generation by averaging the detected radio frequency signal over 10 measurements at each scanning point. In conducting quantitative measurements of the acoustic parameters of cells, the signal can be averaged over 2000 measurements. This approach enables us to measure acoustical properties of a single HeLa cell in vivo and to derive elastic parameters of subcellular structures. The value of the sound velocity inside the cell (1534.5 +/- 33.6 m/s) appears to be only slightly higher than that of the cell medium (1501 m/s).
Hemolytic activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin glycoproteins activated in mildly acidic environments. (1983)

Hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins isolated from influenza virus caused hemolysis and liposome lysis at pH less than 6.0. The pH dependence was similar to that of the parent virus. Hemagglutination and hemolysis titers of HA were comparable with those of virus. The time course of hemolysis by HA was somewhat different from that by virus. HA did not cause fusion of erythrocytes in acidic media, in contrast to virus. Both HA and virus, previously incubated at pH less than 6.0, lost their low-pH-induced hemolytic activity. Isolated HA formed rosette-like structures at neutral pH, and these aggregated in acidic media. Virus also aggregated in acidic media and its envelope became leaky to negative stain. HA previously incubated at pH less than 6.0 became susceptible to trypsin digestion. Both reversible and irreversible structural changes of HA were observed by fluorescence spectroscopy; a reversible change at a pH between neutral and 6.4 and an irreversible one at pH less than 6.0. Bromelain-released HA did not cause hemolysis and liposome lysis in acidic media. The precursor form of HA did not have hemolytic activity in acidic media. The similarity in pH dependence indicates that the structural change in HA induced at pH less than 6.0 is the cause of activation and inactivation of hemolysis, HA and virus aggregation, and trypsin susceptibility. We propose that the hydrophobic NH2-terminal segment of HA2 is exposed during the structural change and interacts with the target membranes, causing a permeability increase and leading to hemolysis and lysis. The virus-induced hemolysis can be ascribed for the most part to envelope fusion activated in acidic media.
Continuous Multi-Parameter Heart Rate Variability Analysis Heralds Onset of Sepsis in Adults (2009)

Continuous HRV monitoring is feasible in ambulatory patients, demonstrates significant HRV alteration in individual patients in association with, and prior to clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, and merits further investigation as a means of providing early warning of sepsis.
Automatic word similarity detection for TREC 4 query expansion (1995)

Accessing online information remains an inexact science. While valuable information can be found, typically many irrelevant documents are also retrieved and many relevant ones are missed. Terminology mismatches between the user&apos;s query and document contents is a main cause of retrieval failures. Expanding a user&apos;s query with related words can improve search performance, but the problem of identifying related words remains. This research uses corpus linguistics techniques to automatically discover word similarities directly from the contents of the untagged TREC database and to incorporates that information in the PRISE information retrieval system. The similarities are calculated based on the contexts in which a set of target words appear. Using these similarities, user queries are automatically expanded, resulting in conceptual retrieval rather than requiring exact word matches between queries and documents. 1. INTRODUCTION Expanding a user&apos;s query with related terms can improve searc...
Temperature dependence of luminescence from Cu(NN)2+ systems in fluid solution. Evidence for the participation of two excited states (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTemperature dependence of luminescence from Cu(NN)2+ systems in fluid solution. Evidence for the participation of two excited statesJon R. Kirchhoff, Roland E. Gamache Jr., Marcus W. Blaskie, Alan A. Del Paggio, Russell K. Lengel, and David R. McMillinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 17, 2380–2384Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00159a008Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1397Altmetric-Citations216LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (620 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NOM Removal by Adsorption and Membrane Filtration Using Heated Aluminum Oxide Particles (2007)

Heated aluminum oxide particles (HAOPs) are a newly synthesized adsorbent with attractive properties for use in hybrid adsorption/membrane filtration systems. This study compared removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from water by adsorption onto HAOPs with that by adsorption onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) or coagulation with alum or ferric chloride (FeCl3); explored the overlap between the NOM molecules that preferentially adsorb to HAOPs and those that are removed by the more conventional approaches; and evaluated NOM removal and fouling in hybrid adsorbent/membrane systems. For equivalent molar doses of the trivalent metals, HAOPs remove more NOM, and NOM with higher SUVA254, than alum or FeCl3. Most of the HAOPs-nonadsorbable fraction of the NOM can be adsorbed by PAC; in fact, that fraction appears to be preferentially adsorbed compared to the average NOM in untreated water. Predeposition of the adsorbents on a microfiltration membrane improves system performance. For the water tested, at a flux of 100 L/m2-hr, predeposition of 11 mg/L PAC and 5 mg/L HAOPs (as Al3+) allowed the system to operate 5 times as long before the transmembrane pressure increased by 1 psi and to remove 10-20 times as much NOM as when no adsorbents were added.
Precision Medicine Starts With Preanalytics: Real-Time Assessment of Tissue Fixation Quality by Ultrasound Time-of-Flight Analysis (2016)

Personalized medicine promises diagnosis and treatment of disease at the individual level and relies heavily on clinical specimen integrity and diagnostic assay quality. Preanalytics, the collection and handling steps of a clinical specimen before immunohistochemistry or other clinical assay, are critically important to enable the correct diagnosis of disease. However, the effects of preanalytics are often overlooked due to a lack of standardization and limited assessment tools to quantify their variation. Here, we report a novel real-time ultrasound time-of-flight instrument that is capable of monitoring and imaging the critical step in formalin fixation, diffusion of the fixative into tissue, which provides a quantifiable quality metric for tissue fixation in the clinical laboratory ensuring consistent downstream molecular assay results. We analyzed hundreds of tissue specimens from 34 distinct human tissue types and 12 clinically relevant diseased tissues for diffusion and fixation metrics. Our measurements can be converted into tissue diffusivity constants that correlate with the apparent diffusion constant calculated using magnetic resonance imaging (R=0.83), despite the differences in the approaches, indicating that our approach is biophysically plausible. Using data collected from time-of-flight analysis of many tissues, we have therefore developed a novel rapid fixation program that could ensure high-quality downstream assay results for a broad range of human tissue types.
LCOS based waveshaper technology for optical signal processing and performance monitoring (2012)

We review recent results on using wavelength selective splitting in a wavelength selective switch (WSS) for emulating complex interferometric structures and its applications for optical performance monitoring and demultiplexing of DPSK and OFDM signals.
Visual performance after correcting the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations of the eye (2002)

The development of technology to measure and correct the eye's higher-order aberrations, i.e., those beyond defocus and astigmatism, raises the issue of how much visual benefit can be obtained by providing such correction. We demonstrate improvements in contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in white light and in monochromatic light when adaptive optics corrects the eye's higher-order monochromatic aberrations. In white light, the contrast sensitivity and visual acuity when most monochromatic aberrations are corrected with a deformable mirror are somewhat higher than when defocus and astigmatism alone are corrected. Moreover, viewing conditions in which monochromatic aberrations are corrected and chromatic aberrations are avoided provides an even larger improvement in contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. These results are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical improvement calculated from the eye's optical modulation transfer function.
A Fully Integrated Variable-Gain Multi-tanh Low-Noise Amplifier for Tunable FM Radio Receiver Front-End (2008)

In this paper, we present a two-stage variable-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA) used in a frequency modulation (FM) radio receiver front-end for a variety of portable audio devices. We also describe a tunable antenna interface and a voltage regulator used in the front-end. The front-end can be tuned to resonate at FM frequencies from 63 to 129 MHz. The two-stage LNA achieves a programmable small-signal voltage gain from 0.5 to 32.5 dB in around 1-dB steps across the FM band from 76 to 108 MHz. Its input-referred noise voltage is less than 1.5 nV/radicHz in the high gain mode. Furthermore, the linearity of the LNA and front-end is improved by employing the multi-tanh design principle. In the low and high gain modes of the LNA, the measured IIP3 are -5.2 and -16.5 dBm, respectively, compared with -10.5 and -25.5 dBm without using the multi-tanh doublets. The whole LNA is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18-mum CMOS technology. It draws maximum 4.5 mA current (5.5 mA including the regulator) from a 1.35-V supply and occupies 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of chip area. Experimental and simulation results are both provided to demonstrate the performance of the LNA and front-end.
The <i>Scurfy</i> mutation of <i>FoxP3</i> in the thymus stroma leads to defective thymopoiesis (2005)

The Scurfy mutation of the FoxP3 gene (FoxP3(sf)) in the mouse and analogous mutations in human result in lethal autoimmunity. The mutation of FoxP3 in the hematopoietic cells impairs the development of regulatory T cells. In addition, development of the Scurfy disease also may require mutation of the gene in nonhematopoietic cells. The T cell-extrinsic function of FoxP3 has not been characterized. Here we show that the FoxP3(sf) mutation leads to defective thymopoiesis, which is caused by inactivation of FoxP3 in the thymic stromal cells. FoxP3 mutation also results in overexpression of ErbB2 in the thymic stroma, which may be involved in defective thymopoiesis. Our data reveal a novel T cell-extrinsic function of FoxP3. In combination, the T cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic defects provide plausible explanation for the severity of the autoimmune diseases in the scurfy mice and in patients who have immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked syndrome.
Long-term model predictive control of gene expression at the population and single-cell levels (2012)

Gene expression plays a central role in the orchestration of cellular processes. The use of inducible promoters to change the expression level of a gene from its physiological level has significantly contributed to the understanding of the functioning of regulatory networks. However, from a quantitative point of view, their use is limited to short-term, population-scale studies to average out cell-to-cell variability and gene expression noise and limit the nonpredictable effects of internal feedback loops that may antagonize the inducer action. Here, we show that, by implementing an external feedback loop, one can tightly control the expression of a gene over many cell generations with quantitative accuracy. To reach this goal, we developed a platform for real-time, closed-loop control of gene expression in yeast that integrates microscopy for monitoring gene expression at the cell level, microfluidics to manipulate the cells' environment, and original software for automated imaging, quantification, and model predictive control. By using an endogenous osmostress responsive promoter and playing with the osmolarity of the cells environment, we show that long-term control can, indeed, be achieved for both time-constant and time-varying target profiles at the population and even the single-cell levels. Importantly, we provide evidence that real-time control can dynamically limit the effects of gene expression stochasticity. We anticipate that our method will be useful to quantitatively probe the dynamic properties of cellular processes and drive complex, synthetically engineered networks.
Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media (2011)

Traditionally, consumers used the Internet to simply expend content: they read it, they watched it, and they used it to buy products and services. Increasingly, however, consumers are utilizing platforms-such as content sharing sites, blogs, social networking, and wikis-to create, modify, share, and discuss Internet content. This represents the social media phenomenon, which can now significantly impact a firm's reputation, sales, and even survival. Yet, many executives eschew or ignore this form of media because they don't understand what it is, the various forms it can take, and how to engage with it and learn. In response, we present a framework that defines social media by using seven functional building blocks: identity, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups. As different social media activities are defined by the extent to which they focus on some or all of these blocks, we explain the implications that each block can have for how firms should engage with social media. To conclude, we present a number of recommendations regarding how firms should develop strategies for monitoring, understanding, and responding to different social media activities. © 2011 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University.
Rates and processes of channel development and recovery following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington (1989)

Abstract Stream channel development in response to the eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980, resulted in some of the largest sediment yields documented anywhere on earth. Development of new channels on the 2.7 km3 debris-avalanche deposit in the North Fork Toutle River caused net erosion of as much as 1.3 x 105 t km−2 annually. Development of these channels followed a four-stage sequence of channel initiation, channel incision with relatively constant width-to-depth ratio, channel widening accompanied by aggradation, and channel widening accompanied by scour-and-fill with little change in average channel elevation. These channels remain unstable both in width and elevation. Lahars affected channel and valley morphology on all flanks of the volcano. Steep, upstream reaches generally incised and widened during the first year following the eruption and aggraded during the following three years. Gently sloping downstream reaches aggraded and widened during the first year and incised during the following three years. The most rapid adjustments occurred during the first two winters following the eruption. The principal effect of the blast on channels throughout the 550 km2 devastated area was the subsequent rapid delivery of sand- and silt-size sediment eroded from hillslopes. Channels aggraded during early storms of the 1980–1981 winter but incised during later storms the same winter. Subsequent channel enlargement was constrained by logs deposited in channels by the blast and by post-1980 shallow debris slides. Since 1984, instability and sedimentation in laharand blast-affected channels have been within the range of pre-1980 levels.