gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single and double overexpression of C4‐cycle genes had differential effects on the pattern of endogenous enzymes, attenuation of photorespiration and on contents of UV protectants in transgenic potato and tobacco plants (2001)

To improve the efficiency of CO(2) fixation in C(3) photosynthesis, C(4)-cycle genes were overexpressed in potato and tobacco plants either individually or in combination. Overexpression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene (ppc) from Corynebacterium glutamicum (cppc) or from potato (stppc, deprived of the phosphorylation site) in potato resulted in a 3-6-fold induction of endogenous cytosolic NADP malic enzyme (ME) and an increase in the activities of NAD-ME (3-fold), NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), NADP glycerate-3-P dehydrogenase (NADP-GAPDH), and PEP phosphatase (PEPP). In double transformants overexpressing cppc and chloroplastic NADP-ME from Flaveria pringlei (fpMe1), cytosolic NADP-ME was less induced and pleiotropic effects were diminished. There were no changes in enzyme pattern in single fpMe1 overexpressors. In cppc overexpressors of tobacco, the increase in endogenous cytosolic NADP-ME activity was small and changes in other enzymes were less pronounced. Determinations of the CO(2) compensation point (Gamma*) as well as temperature and oxygen effects on photosynthesis produced variational data suggesting that the desired decline in photorespiration occurred only under certain experimental conditions. Double transformants of potato (cppc/fpMe1) exhibited the most consistent attenuating effect on photorespiration. In contrast, photorespiration in tobacco plants appeared to be diminished most in single cppc overexpressors rather than in double transformants (cppc/fpMe1). In tobacco, introduction of the PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene from the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti (pck) had little effect on photosynthetic parameters in single (pck) and double transformants (cppc/pck). In transgenic potato plants, increased PEPC activities resulted in a decline in UV protectants (flavonoids) in single cppc or stppc transformants, but not in double transformants (cppc/fpMe1). PEP provision to the shikimate pathway inside the plastids, from which flavonoids derive, might be restricted only in single PEPC overexpressors.
Avalanche characteristics of substitution-permutation encryption networks (1995)

This paper develops analytical models for the avalanche characteristics of a class of block ciphers usually referred to as substitution-permutation encryption networks or SPNs. An SPN is considered to display good avalanche characteristics if a one bit change in the plaintext input is expected to result in close to half the ciphertext output bits changing. Good avalanche characteristics are important to ensure that a cipher is not susceptible to statistical attacks and the strength of an SPN's avalanche characteristics may be considered as a measure of the randomness of the ciphertext. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the avalanche behavior of encryption networks can be improved by using larger S-boxes. As well, it is shown that increasing the diffusion properties of the S-boxes or replacing the permutations by diffusive linear transformations is effective in improving the network avalanche characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Motion Estimation with Adaptive Regularization and Neighborhood Dependent Constraint (2010)

Modern variational motion estimation techniques use total variation regularization along with the l1 norm in constant brightness data term. An algorithm based on such homogeneous regularization is unable to preserve sharp edges and leads to increased estimation errors. A better solution is to modify regularizer along strong intensity variations and occluded areas. In addition, using neighborhood information with data constraint can better identify correspondence between image pairs than using only a point wise data constraint. In this work, we present a novel motion estimation method that uses neighborhood dependent data constraint to better characterize local image structure. The method also uses structure adaptive regularization to handle occlusions. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on Middlebury's benchmark image sequence dataset and compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. Experiments show that proposed method can give better performance under noisy conditions.
<title>Comparison of Daubechies, Coiflet, and Symlet for edge detection</title> (1997)

The ability of wavelets to extract the high frequency component of an image has made them useful for edge detection. The high frequency details are analyzed and processed to obtain the edges. This work is primarily concerned with the comparison of Daubechies, Coiflet, and Symlet wavelets for the purpose of edge detection. Discrete wavelet frame has been sued to detect edges in this work. Different wavelet filters of varied lengths have been used to find out the best wavelet for edge detection. The criterion chosen for comparison is the same threshold selection. The results of the experimentation suggest that the Haar wavelet, which is the simplest of the Daubechies wavelets, is the best wavelet with the methodology followed in this paper. The results are also indicative of the fact that with increase in filter length the performance of the wavelet deteriorates.
Assemblies of silver nanocubes for highly sensitive SERS chemical vapor detection (2012)

We suggest that silver nanocube (AgNC) aggregates within cylindrical pores (PAM–AgNC) can be employed as efficient nanostructures for highly efficient, robust, tunable, and reusable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for trace level organic vapor detection which is a challenging task in chemical detection. We demonstrate the ability to tune both the detection limit and the onset of signal saturation of the substrate by switching the adsorption behavior of AgNCs between highly aggregated and more disperse by varying the number of adsorption-mediating polyelectrolyte bilayers on the pore walls of the membrane. The different AgNC distributions show large differences in the trace vapor detection limit of the common Raman marker benzenethiol (BT) and a widely used explosive binder N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA), demonstrating the importance of the large electromagnetic field enhancement associated with AgNC coupling. The SERS substrate with highly aggregated AgNCs within the cylindrical pores allows for consistent trace detection of mid ppb (∼500) for BT analyte, and a record limit of detection of low ppb (∼3) for MNA vapors with an estimated achievable limit of detection of approximately 600 ppt. The dispersed AgNC aggregates do not saturate at higher ppb concentrations, providing an avenue to distinguish between higher ppb concentrations and increase the effective range of the SERS substrate design. A comparison between the AgNC substrate and an electroless deposition substrate with silver quasi-nanospheres (PAM–AgNS) also demonstrates a higher SERS activity, and better detection limit, by the nanocube aggregates. This is supported by FDTD electromagnetic simulations that suggest that the higher integrated electromagnetic field intensity of the hot spots and the large specific interfacial areas impart greatly improved SERS for the AgNCs. Moreover, we demonstrated that the AgNC substrate can be reused multiple times without significant loss of SERS activity which opens up new avenues for in-field monitoring.
Comparison of the effects of EGF, pFGF and EDGF on corneal epithelium wound healing (1984)

EDGF, a growth factor purified from bovine retina is able to increase the rate of wound healing of rabbit corneal epithelium in a dose dependent way. Two applications a day are enough to obtain the maximum rate. The most purified preparation of EDGF is as effective as EGF or pFGF in promoting this phenomenon and allows the epithelium to reach its normal organization earlier. Excess addition of EDGF did not adversely affect the normal or healed epithelium.
The effect of varactor nonlinearity on the phase noise of completely integrated VCOs (2000)

This work discusses variations in phase noise over the tuning range of a completely integrated 1.9-GHz differential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) fabricated in a 0.5-/spl mu/m bipolar process with 25-GHz f/sub t/. The design had a phase noise of -103 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset at the top of the tuning range, but the noise performance degraded to -96 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz at the bottom of the tuning range. It was determined that nonlinearities of the on-chip varactors, which led to excessively high VCO gain at the bottom of the tuning range, were primarily responsible for this degradation in performance. The VCO has a power output of -5 dBm per side. Calculations predict phase noise with only a small error and provide design insight for minimizing this effect. The oscillator core drew 6.4 mA and the output buffer circuitry drew 6 mA, both from a 3.3-V supply.
A systems-level model reveals that 1,2-Propanediol utilization microcompartments enhance pathway flux through intermediate sequestration (2017)

The spatial organization of metabolism is common to all domains of life. Enteric and other bacteria use subcellular organelles known as bacterial microcompartments to spatially organize the metabolism of pathogenicity-relevant carbon sources, such as 1,2-propanediol. The organelles are thought to sequester a private cofactor pool, minimize the effects of toxic intermediates, and enhance flux through the encapsulated metabolic pathways. We develop a mathematical model of the function of the 1,2-propanediol utilization microcompartment of Salmonella enterica and use it to analyze the function of the microcompartment organelles in detail. Our model makes accurate estimates of doubling times based on an optimized compartment shell permeability determined by maximizing metabolic flux in the model. The compartments function primarily to decouple cytosolic intermediate concentrations from the concentrations in the microcompartment, allowing significant enhancement in pathway flux by the generation of large concentration gradients across the microcompartment shell. We find that selective permeability of the microcompartment shell is not absolutely necessary, but is often beneficial in establishing this intermediate-trapping function. Our findings also implicate active transport of the 1,2-propanediol substrate under conditions of low external substrate concentration, and we present a mathematical bound, in terms of external 1,2-propanediol substrate concentration and diffusive rates, on when active transport of the substrate is advantageous. By allowing us to predict experimentally inaccessible aspects of microcompartment function, such as intra-microcompartment metabolite concentrations, our model presents avenues for future research and underscores the importance of carefully considering changes in external metabolite concentrations and other conditions during batch cultures. Our results also suggest that the encapsulation of heterologous pathways in bacterial microcompartments might yield significant benefits for pathway flux, as well as for toxicity mitigation.
Role of surface components in serum resistance of virulent Aeromonas salmonicida (1982)

The ability of virulent strains of Aeromonas salmonicida to resist the bactericidal activity of serum was quantitated. The A. salmonicida strains tested included virulent strains, mutants lacking the major surface A-protein, and mutants lacking A-protein and having a modified lipopolysaccharide structure. The sera evaluated included normal human, rabbit, and trout sera, immune trout serum, and immune rabbit serum containing antibodies to A-protein and lipopolysaccharide. Virulent strains of A. salmonicida displayed high or intermediate resistance to the bactericidal activity of complement both in the presence and absence of specific antibody. In normal sera, both A-protein and lipopolysaccharide contributed to serum resistance. In immune trout serum, the protection was conferred by A-protein.
Fluorescent Live‐Cell Imaging of Metabolically Incorporated Unnatural Cyclopropene‐Mannosamine Derivatives (2013)

Sugar coated: We recently developed methylcyclopropenes as low-molecular-weight tetrazine coupling partners. Here, we demonstrate that methylcyclopropenes can meet the stringent steric demands required for metabolic imaging of unnatural mannosamines on live cells. Using sequential azide-alkyne chemistry, we also demonstrate multicolor imaging of two different metabolically incorporated unnatural sugars.
Room temperature poling of poly(vinylidene fluoride) with deposited metal electrodes (1979)

High values of pyroelectric and piezoelectric activity in fully-electroded films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) were obtained by "conventional" (non-corona) poling at room temperature with sufficiently high fields. The avoidance of breakdown while obtaining high activity requires an understanding of the time dependence of both breakdown and activity. Time-to-breakdown as a function of field, and room-temperature pyroelectric activity (7-14 days after poling at 23.5 °C) as a function of poling time and field were obtained for 25-<i>μ</i>m biaxially stretched films with evaporated aluminum electrodes. The highest activities were obtained by poling at the highest fields and poling to breakdown. A pyroelectric activity of 36 <i>μ</i>CK<sup>-1</sup>m<sup>-2</sup> was measured two weeks after poling with a nominal field of 550 MVm<sup>-1</sup> for a nominal poling time of 10 s (reduced by multiple breakdown). The highest activity obtained with no apparent breakdown (31 <i>μ</i>CK<sup>-1</sup>m<sup>-2</sup>) was measured a week after poling with a field of 400 MVm<sup>-1</sup> for 10 s. These values are comparable with the highest that have been reported for this material using any poling temperature or using corona poling.
Circulating HER2 Extracellular Domain: A Specific and Quantitative Biomarker of Prognostic Value in all Breast Cancer Patients? (2013)

The HER2 oncoprotein has emerged as an essential biomarker in the treatment of breast cancer patients. Once the primary breast cancer is removed, there is an increasing need to detect breast cancer recurrence as early as possible with the hope that earlier intervention with new anti-HER2 therapies will improve quality of life and increase overall survival. Numerous publications have shown that increasing blood levels of circulating HER2 is an early indicator of progression, particularly in HER2-positive patients and that the rise and fall parallels the clinical course of disease and independent of therapy. Many studies show that the HER2 status of the primary tumor may not fully and accurately reflect the HER2 status of recurrent cancer. Thus, elevated serum HER2 levels may be an early signal of the emergence of a HER2-positive metastatic tumor and therefore alert the physician to re-assess HER2 status using a tissue test.
Magnetic attitude control of a spinning satellite. (1965)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Lipopolysaccharide receptor on rabbit peritoneal macrophages. I. Binding characteristics. (1982)

The Bordetella pertussis endotoxin, labeled with tritium ((3H)-LPS), bound irreversibly and nonspecifically to rabbit lung macrophages, but bound reversibly and specifically to both resident and elicited rabbit peritoneal macrophages. The specific binding capacity of the macrophages was saturated with about 3 X 10(4) LPS molecules per cell. The binding was inhibited with the homologous unlabeled endotoxin, but not at all with endotoxin from Proteus mirabilis, thus assessing ligand specificity. Endotoxins from other bacteria gave intermediate inhibition value. Binding of tritium-labeled pertussis endotoxin was significantly inhibited by one of the two polysaccharides (PS-1) present in this endotoxin, but neither the other polysaccharide (PS-2) nor the Lipid A fragment exhibited such activity. These results strongly suggest the presence of a lectin-like receptor for LPS on the membrane of rabbit peritoneal macrophages.
Finding a Maximum Cut of a Planar Graph in Polynomial Time (1975)

The problem of finding a maximum cut of an arbitrary graph is one of a list of 21 combinatorial problems (Karp–Cook list). It is unknown whether or not there exist algorithms operating in polynomial bounded time for any of these problems. It has been shown that existence for one implies existence for all. In this paper we deal with a special case of the maximum cut problem. By requiring the graph to be planar, it is shown the problem can be translated into a maximum weighted matching problem for which there exists a polynomial bounded algorithm.
Transglutaminase-Mediated Cross-Linking of GerQ in the Coats of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores (2004)

The spores of Bacillus subtilis show remarkable resistance to many environmental stresses, due in part to the presence of an outer proteinaceous structure known as the spore coat. GerQ is a spore coat protein essential for the presence of CwlJ, an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of the cortex during spore germination, in the spore coat. Here we show that GerQ is cross-linked into higher-molecular-mass forms due in large part to a transglutaminase. GerQ is the only substrate for this transglutaminase identified to date. In addition, we show that cross-linking of GerQ into high-molecular-mass forms occurs only very late in sporulation, after mother cell lysis. These findings, as well as studies of GerQ cross-linking in mutant strains where spore coat assembly is perturbed, lead us to suggest that coat proteins must assemble first and that their cross-linking follows as a final step in the spore coat formation pathway.
Electrostatically defined heterojunction rings and the Aharonov–Bohm effect (1989)

Micron-sized loops of high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas have been made on GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures using a novel split-gate technique. Aharonov–Bohm oscillations of amplitude up to 20% of the device resistance have been observed at very low temperatures (T&lt;100 mK), together with h/2e oscillations which appear to be due to interference between pairs of time-reversed paths near B=0. The h/e period is found to vary by ∼25% with magnetic field, possibly as a result of the formation of edge states. In the quantum Hall effect, plateaus in Rxx are seen at high B due to variations in carrier concentration across the ring, which may cause backscattering of some edge states.
A coaxial-circular waveguide for dielectric measurement (1991)

A two-port cell for the dielectric measurement of a variety of materials is described. The cell is a symmetric cylindrical sample holder connected to a coaxial line at each end. The cell has some important differences from the traditional two-port coaxial cell that is commonly used. In the proposed design, the sample is in the shape of a solid circular disk with no hole in its center. This represents a simplicity in sample matching over the coaxial cell that is important, especially in the case of soft rocks. Other advantages of the proposed design over the coaxial cell design are the larger dynamic range and higher sensitivity. A full-wave model that can predict the response of the cell is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bragg grating-based laser sensors systems with interferometric interrogation and wavelength division multiplexing (1995)

We describe the use of fiber Bragg grating based lasers as sensors. An interferometric detection technique is presented for interrogating laser wavelength shifts due to measurand induced laser cavity strain with high resolution from both single-mode and multimode lasers. The principle of integrating multiple sensors to form an array is demonstrated using a wavelength division multiplexing approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Review: <i>Ten Little Housemates</i>, by Karl von Frisch (1961)

Book Review| October 01 1961 Review: Ten Little Housemates, by Karl von Frisch Ten Little HousematesKarl von Frisch P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1961) 23 (6): 373. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439657 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review: Ten Little Housemates, by Karl von Frisch. The American Biology Teacher 1 October 1961; 23 (6): 373. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439657 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Degradation of Atrazine by Fenton's Reagent: Condition Optimization and Product Quantification (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegradation of Atrazine by Fenton's Reagent: Condition Optimization and Product QuantificationScott M. Arnold, William J. Hickey, and Robin F. HarrisCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 8, 2083–2089Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00008a030https://doi.org/10.1021/es00008a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1603Altmetric-Citations295LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
False alarm reduction by improved filler model and post-processing in speech keyword spotting (2011)

This paper proposes four methods for improving the performance of keyword spotting (KWS) systems. Keyword models are usually created by concatenating the phoneme HMMs and garbage models consist of all phonemes HMMs. We present the results of investigations involving the use of skips in states of keyword HMMs and we focus on improving the hit ratio; then for false alarm reduction in KWS we model the words that are similar to keywords and we create HMMs for highly frequent words. These models help to improve the performance of the filler model. Two post-processing steps based on phoneme and word probabilities are used on the results of KWS to reduce the false alarms. We evaluate the performance of the improved keyword spotting in FarsDat corpus and compare the approaches. The presented techniques depict better performances than the popular KWS systems.