gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing of synthetic aperture radar images by the boundary contour system and feature contour system (2003)

An improved boundary contour system (BCS) and feature contour system (FCS) neural network model of preattentive vision was applied to two large images containing range data gathered by a synthetic aperture radar sensor. Early processing by shunting center-surround networks compresses signal dynamic range and performs local contrast enhancement. Subsequent processing by filters sensitive to oriented contrast, including short-range competition and long-range cooperation, segments the image into regions. Finally, a diffusive filling-in operation within the segmented regions produces coherent visible structures. The combination of BCS and FCS capitalizes on the form-sensitive operations of a neural network model to detect and enhance structure based on information over large, variably sized and variably shaped regions of the image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An efficient scheme for broadband adaptive beamforming (2003)

This paper introduces an oversampled subband approach to linearly constrained minimum variance adaptive broadband beamforming. This method is motivated by the considerable reduction in computation over fullband implementation and resulting large computational complexity when fullband beamformers with high spatial and spectral resolution are required. We present the proposed subband adaptive beamformer structure, discuss the advantages and limitations of it, and comment on the correct projection of the constraints in the subband domain. In a simulation, the proposed subband structure is compared to a fullband adaptive beamformer, highlighting the benefit of our method.
Design and performance of a compact 204-fiber ribbon cable (1990)

Cables with 200 or more fibers are becoming common as optic fiber technology migrates into subscriber networks. As illustrated in Fig. 1 these networks can have a complex tapered topology with numerous branch points requiring individual and mass splicing.1 Small size, light weight, flexibility, versatility, and robustness remain paramount design features that determine ease of cable placement and handling. Rapid and simple access to fibers for individual or mass splicing is key to low cost installation, network reconfiguration, and maintenance. This paper describes the design and performance of a new optical fiber ribbon core cable with the highest packing density available: 204 fibers in a single 0.6-in. sheath. The design is tailored to the special needs of subscriber networks.
Optimizing the Production System Using Real-Time Measurements: A Piece of the Digital Oilfield Puzzle (2007)

Abstract The oil industry is investing millions of dollars in the infrastructure of digital oilfields in an effort to increase efficiency and recovery. An important part of the puzzle, transferring data from the wellsite to the office in real-time, is very much solved. However, this data is largely used to monitor the status of wells and equipment, and in most cases, the life cycle of the data ends there. A key part of the puzzle is to utilize the real-time data to optimize the production system, from the wellbore to the reservoir where most of the value lies. With the current infrastructure and technology we can get real-time data up to every second. The challenge is to extract the right information from that data at the right time to impact the way fields are managed. This paper discusses the workflows utilized in identifying production optimization and enhancement opportunities from large amounts of streaming data flowing from a number of wells. Case studies are presented for mature waterfloods in four different fields with over 60 wells. The economic impact of surveillance is quantified through electrical costs, efficiency in fluid movement, and enhanced reservoir deliverability. The real-time data analysis for the entire field revealed opportunities to increase the production in the short-term, as well as the necessity to adjust the long-term exploitation strategy. The methods and examples in this paper show the value of applying digital oilfield technologies in one of the most cost sensitive environments in our industry. Observations based on a large number of wells during a 2-year period show that over 50% of the wells can benefit from some form of optimization, resulting in a substantial increase in production.
A 4-Bits Trimmed CMOS Bandgap Reference with an Improved Matching Modeling Design (2007)

Component tolerances and mismatches due to process variations severely degrade the performance of bandgap reference (BGR) circuits. In this paper, the authors describe the design of a BGR considering the Pelgrom's mismatch model. The main purpose of our methodology is to convey the design to reach a good trade-off between area and mismatch. Implemented in standard 0.35μm CMOS technology, the circuit also includes a straightforward 4-bits trimming circuit to achieve more process variations independence. Its Monte Carlo temperature coefficient average is 40-ppm/°C and the reference output voltage average is 1.230V. The area of the BGR is 400x350μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> due to our design matching requirements.
IL-6 augments Fc IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) expression on human monoblastic/monocytic cell lines U937, THP-1, and Mono-Mac-6 but not on blood monocytes. Regulatory effects of IL-4 and IFN-gamma (1991)

Human monoblastic/monocytic leukemia cell lines U937, THP-1, Mono-Mac-6, and blood monocytes were incubated with various concentrations of human rIL-6 and other cytokines and analyzed for their capacity to bind several anti-Fc epsilon RII/CD23 mAb. A marked and dose-dependent increase in the percentage of CD23+ cells, as well as in the mean channel fluorescence intensity, as demonstrated by FACS analysis, was noted after 8- to 72-h incubation of U937 cells with 1 to 1000 U/ml of human rIL-6. Furthermore, rIL-4 synergized with rIL-6 and rIFN-tau in augmenting the Fc epsilon RII expression on U937 cells, whereas rIFN-tau and rIL-6 showed rather additive effects. The enhancement of CD23 expression on IL-6-treated U937 cells was blocked by anti-IL-6 antibodies. Northern blot analysis, employing cDNA probes for Fc epsilon RII, showed that U937 cells contain Fc epsilon RII-specific mRNA. The level of Fc epsilon RII-encoding mRNA was evidently increased by treatment of U937 cells with human rIL-6, rIL-4, or with rIL-6 + rIL-4. The expression of CD23 on THP-1 and Mono-Mac-6 cells was increased slightly by rIL-6 and markedly by rIL-4, rIFN-tau, or a mixture of them. Approximately 14% of blood monocytes, isolated from apparently healthy donors, constitutively possess Fc epsilon RII. In contrast to the cell lines, the Fc epsilon RII density and the percentage of blood monocytes bearing Fc epsilon RII was not augmented by IL-6. Furthermore, rIL-6, and more evidently rIFN-tau, down-regulate rIL-4-driven Fc epsilon RII expression on monocytes but not on monocytic cell lines. Our findings point to differences in the capability of mononuclear phagocytes to respond to cytokine treatment, which may be differentiation dependent, and suggest separate regulatory pathways.
[Anti-proliferation of human cervical cancer HeLa cell line by fascaplysin through apoptosis induction]. (2009)

This study is to investigate the effect of fascaplysin on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in order to provide insights into the mechanisms of growth suppression involved in fascaplysin-mediated apoptosis. Cytotoxic activity of fascaplysin on HeLa cells was determined using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining) studies. The role of the molecules in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis was analyzed by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Fascaplysin markedly inhibited HeLa cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, however, did not provoke G1 phase arrest in HeLa cells with downregulation of CDK4, cyclin D1 and CDK4-specific Ser795 pRb phosphorylation. Furthermore, fascaplysin induced significantly apoptosis evidenced by sub-G1 peak and Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining. The molecular mechanism of fascaplysin-induced apoptosis was characterized with the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, truncation of Bid, release of cytochrome c into cytosol, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 level. Fascaplysin exhibits anti-proliferation effect towards human cervical cancer HeLa cells through induction of apoptosis via extrinsic death pathway and mitochondrial pathway, but not arresting cell cycle progression at G1 phase. All together, these data sustain our contention that fascaplysin has anticancer properties and merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent.
Effects of aberrations on spatially modulated Fourier transform spectrometers (1994)

Spatially modulated Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) have a throughput advantage over dispersive spectrometers, since an FTS does not require a slit in order to achieve spectral resolution. The traditional implementation of FTSs employs a scanning Michelson interferometer, but since this interferometer is temporally modulated, it is difficult or impossible to use with a target whose spatial and/or spectral signature is changing rapidly. The less common <i>spatially</i> modulated approach to FTS allows all spectral channels to be acquired simultaneously, but cylindrical optics are required to create an imaging version of this type of spectrometer [an imaging fourier transform spectrometer (IFTS)]. This combination of cylindrical and spherical optics, used to achieve both spectral and spatial resolution, increases the difficulty of understanding and controlling the aberrations. An understanding of the effects of these aberrations is essential to developing a spatially modulated IFTS with good spectral and spatial resolution. A spatially modulated IFTS based on a Sagnac interferometer is described, and the effects of aberrations on the spectral resolution, spatial resolution, and modulation are discussed.
Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2012 (2012)

Writing Group Members: Dr A de Ruiter, Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London Dr Graham P Taylor, Reader in Communicable Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London. Ms Polly Clayden, UK Community Advisory Board representative/HIV treatment advocates network Dr Jyoti Dhar, Consultant in Genitourinary Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Mrs Kate Gandhi, Specialist HIV Pharmacist, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Dr Yvonne Gilleece, Consultant Physician in HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust Dr Kate Harding, Consultant Obstetrician, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London Dr Phillip Hay, Reader and Honorary Consultant, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London Ms Jane Kennedy, Consultant Midwife, Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London Dr Naomi Low-Beer, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London Dr Hermione Lyall, Chief of Service for Paediatrics and Consultant Paediatrician in Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London Dr Adrian Palfreeman, Consultant in Genitourinary Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Dr Pat Tookey, Senior Lecturer and Principal Investigator National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood, UCL Institute of Child Health, London Dr Steven Welch, Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Dr Ed Wilkins, Consultant Physician in Infectious Diseases and Director of the HIV Research Unit, North Manchester General Hospital Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2012
The effect of commercial processing on the paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) content of naturally‐contaminated<i>Acanthocardia tuberculatum</i>L. (1993)

A study was undertaken to determine if any reduction in contamination of Acanthocardia tuberculatum L. (Mediterranean cockle) by paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) could be enhanced by operations carried out during the industrial canning process, allowing contaminated raw material to be commercially marketed in safe conditions for edible purposes. A general decrease in PSP levels was consistently observed when comparing raw materials and their corresponding final products, these dropping to acceptable levels. PSP levels were determined by mouse bioassay and a fluorometric method, and saxitoxin was determined by HPLC. The detoxifying effects averaged over 71.7% and 81.8% (mouse bioassay), 70.6% and 90.9% (fluorometric method), 77.9% and 83.5% (HPLC), for boiling and sterilizing operations respectively. The highest level detected in raw material was 800 micrograms/100 g by mouse bioassay.
Fast Encoding of Algebraic Geometry Codes (2001)

this paper, we modify and generalize the method of Yaghoobian and Blake to arbitrary one-point AG codes C# (D,mQ). The proposed methodufi=fiWfik the fact that the basis of #(-Q D) can be taken as a sufiC= of 1, 0 }, where a is the smallest nonzero nongap at Q, x afu#+P=k whose pole divisor is aQ, and # 0 ,...,# a-1 are di#erentials satisfying certain conditions. We give an algebraic geometry code with which the proposed method can encode 3 times faster than the systematic encoder in the middle information rate
A remote user authentication scheme using hash functions (2002)

Recently, Peyravian and Zunic proposed a simple but efficient password authentication system. Their scheme is based on the collision-resistant hash function, such as SHA-1. Their scheme did not use any cryptosystems (such as DES, RSA, etc.). However, their scheme is vulnerable to guess attack. An attacker can easily obtain a user's password by guessing attack and then impersonate the user to login and access resources in the server. To overcome the vulnerability of their scheme, we propose an improved scheme to enhance security of their scheme in this article.
Systematic silencing of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes reveals the major route to papaverine in opium poppy (2012)

Papaverine, a major benzylisoquinoline alkaloid in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), is used as a vasodilator and antispasmodic. Conversion of the initial intermediate (S)-norcoclaurine to papaverine involves 3'-hydroxylation, four O-methylations and dehydrogenation. However, our understanding of papaverine biosynthesis remains controversial more than a century after an initial scheme was proposed. In vitro assays and in vivo labeling studies have been insufficient to establish the sequence of conversions, the potential role of the intermediate (S)-reticuline, and the enzymes involved. We used virus-induced gene silencing in opium poppy to individually suppress the expression of six genes with putative roles in papaverine biosynthesis. Suppression of the gene encoding coclaurine N-methyltransferase dramatically increased papaverine levels at the expense of N-methylated alkaloids, indicating that the main biosynthetic route to papaverine proceeds via N-desmethylated compounds rather than through (S)-reticuline. Suppression of genes encoding (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase and norreticuline 7-O-methyltransferase, which accept certain N-desmethylated alkaloids, reduced papaverine content. In contrast, suppression of genes encoding N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase or reticuline 7-O-methyltransferase, which are specific for N-methylated alkaloids, did not affect papaverine levels. Suppression of norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase transcript levels significantly suppressed total alkaloid accumulation, implicating (S)-coclaurine as a key branch-point intermediate. The differential detection of N-desmethylated compounds in response to suppression of specific genes highlights the primary route to papaverine.
Dual-acting riboswitch control of translation initiation and mRNA decay (2012)

Riboswitches are mRNA regulatory elements that control gene expression by altering their structure in response to specific metabolite binding. In bacteria, riboswitches consist of an aptamer that performs ligand recognition and an expression platform that regulates either transcription termination or translation initiation. Here, we describe a dual-acting riboswitch from Escherichia coli that, in addition to modulating translation initiation, also is directly involved in the control of initial mRNA decay. Upon lysine binding, the lysC riboswitch adopts a conformation that not only inhibits translation initiation but also exposes RNase E cleavage sites located in the riboswitch expression platform. However, in the absence of lysine, the riboswitch folds into an alternative conformation that simultaneously allows translation initiation and sequesters RNase E cleavage sites. Both regulatory activities can be individually inhibited, indicating that translation initiation and mRNA decay can be modulated independently using the same conformational switch. Because RNase E cleavage sites are located in the riboswitch sequence, this riboswitch provides a unique means for the riboswitch to modulate RNase E cleavage activity directly as a function of lysine. This dual inhibition is in contrast to other riboswitches, such as the thiamin pyrophosphate-sensing thiM riboswitch, which triggers mRNA decay only as a consequence of translation inhibition. The riboswitch control of RNase E cleavage activity is an example of a mechanism by which metabolite sensing is used to regulate gene expression of single genes or even large polycistronic mRNAs as a function of environmental changes.
Porphocyanines:  Expanded Aromatic Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles (1996)

Porphocyanines are tetrapyrrolic macrocycles containing two dipyrromethene units linked together by two CN−C bridges. The syntheses of 2,3,7,8,14,15,19,20-octaethylporphocyanine, 5,17-diphenylporphocyanine, 2,3,7,8-tetraethyl-17-phenylporphocyanine, and other meso-aryl and β-alkyl, including a tetra-β-propionate, derivatives and metal complexes are described. The physical and chemical properties of porphocyanines show them to be aromatic. The aromaticity is reflected in the large deshielding of the outer β-protons and shielding of the inner pyrrolic protons in their NMR spectra. The optical spectra of these compounds exhibit Soret and Q bands similar to porphyrins but all significantly bathochromically shifted. The ability of porphocyanines to act as catalysts for the generation of singlet molecular oxygen was investigated using a cholesterol oxidation assay.
Timing analysis based on primitive path delay fault identification (1997)

We present a novel timing analysis mechanism which is based on identifying primitive path delay faults (primitive PDFs) in a circuit. We show that this approach gives the exact maximum delay of the circuit under the floating mode of operation assumption. Our timing analysis approach provides a framework where component delay correlations and signal correlations arising from fabrication process, signal propagation, and signal interaction effects can be handled very accurately. Under these effects, timing analysis using previously reported floating mode timing analyzers, e.g., viability, TrueD-F etc., is very pessimistic. Our timing analysis approach based on primitive PDF identification is also more efficient than conventional floating mode path sensitization analysis mechanisms in situations where critical paths need to be re-identified due to component delay speedup (e.g., post-layout delay optimization). We demonstrate the applicability of our timing analysis approach for a variety of benchmark circuits, and demonstrate the pessimism of conventional floating mode timing analysis approaches in accounting for signal propagation effects.
Ferrite-based soft and hard magnetic structures by extrusion free-forming (2017)

Simple fabrication of a ferrite-based bulk soft magnet (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and hard magnet (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>) using the extrusion free-forming process.
Multi-Detector Row CT Imaging of Vertebral Microstructure for Evaluation of Fracture Risk (2005)

Vertebral microarchitecture can be visualized by MDCT, and microstructure parameters obtained by MDCT, together with volumetric BMD, provided better diagnostic performance for assessing fracture risk than DXA measurement.
Resistivity Measurements of Water Saturated Concrete as an Indicator of Permeability (2005)

Abstract The chloride penetration resistance of concrete is of major importance because of the role chlorides play in the corrosion process of steel reinforced structures. The present methods used to characterize the chloride penetration resistance are expensive and time consuming thereby limiting their use as a routine quality control tool. There is a need for a non-destructive test method that can serve as an indicator of permeability. The use of electrical resistivity was investigated by comparing the results obtained with those of the Rapid Chloride Permeability (RCP) test (ASTM C1202, ASHHTO T277.) A table classifying the different permeability ranges is given as an aid to characterize permeability, similar to the table given in the RCP test method. Variables influencing resistivity measurement values are also examined.
The effect of citrate on the rotation of the molybdate complexes of malate, citramalate and isocitrate (1943)

Extracts of liver and muscle convert citric acid into laevo-rotatory isocitric acid As the rotation of isocitric acid, like that ofother ac-hydroxy acids, is much increased by (NH4)2MoO4*, the polari- meter can be used to measure low concentrations of isocitric acid in tissue extracts
Fibre-optic spectrophone (1981)

The first operation of a fibre-optic spectrophone is reported. A 2.54 cm diameter coil of single-mode fibre was fused into one arm of an all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The device operated as a highly sensitive optoacoustic detector.
Pharmacological Switch in Aβ-Fiber Stimulation-Induced Spinal Transmission in Mice with Partial Sciatic Nerve Injury (2008)

These results suggest that Abeta-fiber perception is newly transmitted to spinal neurons, which originally receive only Adelta- and C-fiber-mediated pain transmission, through NMDA receptor-mediated mechanisms, in animals with nerve injury. This pharmacological switch in Abeta-fiber spinal transmission could be a mechanism underlying neuropathic allodynia.