gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless virtualization on commodity 802.11 hardware (2007)

In this paper we describe specific challenges in virtualizing a wireless network and multiple strategies to address them. Among different possible wireless virtualization strategies, our current work in this domain is focussed on a Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) approach. Hence, we we present our experiences in the design and implementation of such TDM-based wireless virtualization. Our wireless virtualization system is specifically targeted for multiplexing experiments on a large-scale 802.11 wireless testbed facility.
Structural studies on an inhibitory antibody against Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase suggest mode of inhibition (1998)

TP7, an antibody against Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I (TaqP), is used as a thermolabile switch in 'hot start' variations of PCR to minimize non-specific amplification events. Earlier studies have established that TP7 binds to the polymerase domain of TaqP, competes with primer template complex for binding and is a potent inhibitor of the polymerase activity of TaqP. We report crystallographic determination of the structure of an Fab fragment of TP7 and computational docking of the structure with the known three-dimensional structure of the enzyme. Our observations strongly suggest that the origin of inhibitory ability of TP7 is its binding to enzyme residues involved in DNA binding and polymerization mechanism. Although criteria unbiased by extant biochemical data have been used in identification of a putative solution, the resulting complex offers an eminently plausible structural explanation of biochemical observations. The results presented are of general significance for interpretation of docking experiments and in design of small molecular inhibitors of TaqP, that are not structurally similar to substrates, for use in PCR. Structural and functional similarities noted among DNA polymerases, and the fact that several DNA polymerases are pharmacological targets, make discovery of non-substrate based inhibitors of additional importance.
A Sines+Transients+Noise Audio Representation for Data Compression and Time/Pitch Scale Modifications (1998)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a low bitrate audio coding algorithm that allows modifications in the compressed domain. The input audio is segregated into three di#erent representations: sinusoids, transients, and noise. Each representation can be individually quantized, and then easily be time-scaled and/or pitch-shifted.
Development and Biological Evaluation of Acyl Protein Thioesterase 1 (APT1) Inhibitors (2005)

It works both ways: The development of potent peptidomimetic acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1) inhibitors, such as Raspalin 3 (see structure), and their use in biological and biochemical investigations are reported. The results show that the enzyme can deacylate and acylate Ras proteins. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z462625_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Using People Power (1991)

Excerpt] Local unions across the country are tapping into an important and underutilized resource as they seek to organize new members and reverse the disastrous decline in union membership. Rank-andfile union members are hard at work in many organizing campaigns across the country. Union members in SEIU, ACTWU, CWA, and many other unions have given endless hours to the struggle to organize new members. There is nothing new in using rank-and-file members to organize new members. During the 1930's newly organized members of the CIO unions worked hard to spread the gospel of unionism. Workers fresh from one victory understood that their strength and bargaining power rested in organizing an entire industry not just one shop. Veterans of the General Motors Flint sit-down strike joined in numerous campaigns to bring justice and dignity to the auto industry.
A New Low-cost Technique for Mobility Enhancement of PMOSFETs Strained by Ge Pre-amorphization Implantation for Source/Drain Extension (2006)

A local strained channel PMOSFET has been demonstrated by integrating Ge pre-amorphization implantation (PAI) for S/D extension. It is found that up to 32% hole effective mobility improvement has been obtained for 90nm gate length PMOS at lower field, and the hole mobility enhancement is nearly kept at higher vertical field. The scaling of feature size, such as gate length and channel width, strengthen the enhancement of hole effective mobility greatly. The analysis reveals a very large compressive strain up to -3.6% in the channel region induced by integrating Ge PAI for S/D extension.
Morphology based domain partitioning of multi‐phase materials: a preprocessor for multi‐scale modelling (2006)

Abstract This paper develops a microstructural morphology‐based domain partitioning method (MDP) as a comprehensive pre‐processor for multi‐scale simulation of heterogeneous multi‐phase materials. The MDP method systematically creates a multi‐scale image simulation–characterization methodology to enable domain partitioning that can delineate homogenizable regions from those where explicit representation of phases is necessary for analysis. The methods are strictly based on geometric features of the material morphology and do not use any mechanical response functions. The first step in this development simulates high‐resolution microstructural information from low resolution images of the domain and only a limited high resolution micrographs from optical or scanning electron microscopy. The second step uses quantitative characterization of these high resolution images with, e.g. phase distribution functions, to create effective metrics that can relate microstructural features to the material's physical behaviour. The third step invokes domain partitioning to demarcate regions corresponding to different length scales in a concurrent multi‐scale model. Partitioning criteria are defined in terms of descriptors of microstructural characteristics and these are used to adaptively create multi‐level domain partitions. The method developed is tested on a micrograph of a cast aluminium alloy A356. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemorrheological and circulatory effects of Gincosan. (1992)

Gincosan is a combined preparation containing 60 mg ginkgo biloba and 100 mg ginseng, standardized of 24% ginkgo flavone glycosides and 4% ginsenosides. Hemorrheological and circulatory effect as well as blood pressure behavior after the administration of gincosan were studied in an acute trial on 10 voluntary subjects with a mean age of 26 years. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly both for the large-dose (120 mg ginkgo biloba +200 mg ginseng) and low-dose administration (60 mg ginkgo biloba +100 mg ginseng). Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate decreased only in the high dosage group. The pathologically increased spontaneous platelet aggregation is reduced by both dosages. Erythrocyte velocity in nail fold capillaries increased significantly only in the high dosage group. The parallel group comparison of the high dosage and placebo group showed that they differ only significantly concerning the erythrocyte rigidity, erythrocyte velocity in nail fold capillaries and spontaneous platelet aggregation. A trend towards a decrease in the systolic blood pressure is revealed (p less than 0.1).
Histochemical evaluation of application of biotinylated neoglycoproteins for the detection of endogenous sugar receptors in fish skin. (1991)

The physiological importance of recognitive protein-carbohydrate interactions is by no means restricted to mammals. Thus, the analysis of expression of sugar receptors in lower vertebrates is warranted, employing carrier-immobilized carbohydrate ligands. The present work initiates such a systematic glycohistochemical mapping of endogenous sugar receptor expression, focussing on fish epidermis. A battery of biotinylated neoglycoproteins exposing 11 different types of ligand structures, and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique has been used to assess extent of binding on Bouin's solution-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. The semi-quantitative evaluation disclosed both quantitative and qualitative site-associated differences in expression of endogenous lectins by the integument constituents. Moreover, a distinct expression of sugar receptors by two or three types of trunk myocytes was also observed. This study thus emphasized the feasibility of glycohistochemistry with neoglycoproteins, conducted in lower vertebrates. The approach used with carbohydrate constituents of cellular glycosubstances as ligands in search of specific receptors is proposed to be a powerful complementary tool in carbohydrate histochemistry to the monitoring of the carbohydrate structures by labelled plant or invertebrate lectins and a step to elucidate the functional significance of protein-carbohydrate interactions.
Bicycles, motorcycles, and models (2006)

The development of bicycles and motorcycles since the first patented running machine, or draisine, in 1817 is described. Bicycle modeling and control were also discussed. These models include: derivatives or simplifications of Whipple's bicycle dynamics model in which the lateral motion constraints at the road contact are nonholonomic, requiring special techniques to form correct equations of motion; and the Timoshenko-Young model in which the steer angle and speed completely determine the lateral motion of the base point of an inverted pendulum that represents the vehicle's roll dynamics
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Central Nervous System Trauma (1989)

TRH and TRH analogues improve physiological function, survival, and neurological outcome in a variety of models of CNS trauma, including impact spinal cord injury in cats and rats, fluid-percussion-induced brain injury in rats, and compression-induced brain injury in cats. The mechanism by which TRH improves such functions may relate to its ability to improve blood flow and metabolism in the region of injury. Beneficial effects on blood flow may possibly relate to antagonism of the physiological effects of endogenous opioids, leukotrienes, or platelet-activating factor.
Structural and polypeptide differences between envelopes of infective and reproductive life cycle forms of Chlamydia spp (1984)

Significant differences in cysteine-containing proteins and detergent-related solubility properties were observed between outer membrane protein complexes of reproductive (reticulate body) and infective (elementary body) forms of Chlamydia psittaci (6BC). Elementary bodies harvested at 48 h postinfection possessed a 40-kilodalton major outer membrane protein and three extraordinarily cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins of 62, 59, and 12 kilodaltons, all of which were not solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate in the absence of thiol reagents. Intracellularly dividing reticulate bodies harvested at 21 h postinfection were severely deficient in the cysteine-rich proteins but possessed almost as much major outer membrane protein as did the elementary bodies. Most of the major outer membrane protein of reticulate bodies was solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate and was present in envelopes as monomers, although a proportion formed disulfide-cross-linked oligomers. By 21 to 24 h postinfection, reticulate bodies commenced synthesis of the cysteine-rich proteins which were found in outer membranes as disulfide-cross-linked complexes. The outer membranes of reticulate bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis (LGV434) also were found to be deficient in cysteine-rich proteins and to be more susceptible to dissociation in sodium dodecyl sulfate than were outer membranes of elementary bodies.
2011년 환경부 멸종위기종 등록절차 및 대상 멸종위기종 식물 목록 재고 ?과연 현재 국가 멸종위기종 관리가 최선의 방안인가? - (2012)

환경부는 2005년 야생동·식물법을 제정 공포후, 2011년 6월에 멸종위기야생동·식물 지정·해제 목록과 함께 지정관리 기준안을 발표하였다. 고등식물의 경우 64종중 멸종위기 I, II등급 유지 및 등급 변경종은 40종, 멸종 위기 해제종(안)은 19종, 해제예정종(안)은 5종, 신규지정종은 29종, 지정후보종은 3종으로 본 연구에서는 모두 96종을 IUCN의 적색목록의 범주와 평가기준 ver. 3.1에 의해 재평가를 함과 동시에, 환경부에서 제시한 멸종위기야생동식물 지정관리 기준 및 절차와 시스템의 문제점을 검토하였다. 변경된 환경부 목록의 40종의 평가 결과를 보면 남한을 경계로 한 평가로 인하여 전세계 수준의 평가인 IUCN 적색목록으로 등재될 개느삼, 미선나무, 한계령풀, 솜다리, 노랑무늬붓꽃, 히어리가 모두 환경부 목록에서 해제되었다. 추가 신규제정도 이와 유사하며 지정후보종인 섬국수나무는 기존 연구에서 인가목조팝의 이명으로 보는 견해와, 비합법적으로 발표한 학명인 참골담초가 포함되어 문제의 소지가 있다. 환경부에서 제시하는 IUCN적색목록을 개선하였다는 내용은 IUCN 적색목록을 수정한 것이 아니라 평가 방법을 잘못 번역함과 동시에 적색목록의 범주를 단순히 참고하는 수준이다. 특히, 관련용어의 정의에 대한 오 역과 이해를 못하고 번역해서 임의로 평가기준을 혼용하고 있어 평가 자체를 혼란과 왜곡으로 유도하는 결과물로 수용하기 어렵다. 환경부의 멸종위기종 목록을 개선하는 데에는 고유종에 대한 매우 좁은 종의 개념대신 주변 국가에서 넓은 개념으로 보는 분류학적 소견을 수용할 필요가 있으며, 남한이나 북한의 국토 개념의 평가가 아니라 최소 한반도를 기준으로 전세계 수준의 평가를 할 필요가 있다.
The blues machine (2009)

Hardware based musical instruments are, in general, from the performer point of view, merely copies of real physical instruments. They do not provide facilities for being played, especially for musically untrained people.
Using general-purpose programming languages for FPGA design (2000)

General-purpose programming languages (GPL) are effective vehicles for FPGA design because they are easy to use, extensible, widely available, and can be used to describe both the hardware and software aspects of a design. The strengths of the GPL approach to circuit design have been demonstrated by JHDL, a Java-based circuit design environment used to develop several large FPGA-based applications at several institutions. Major strengths of the JHDL environment include a common run-time for both simulation and hardware execution, and the overall extensibility of the parent Java environment. The common run-time environment means that all validation and support software (testbenches, application-specific interfaces, graphical user interfaces, etc.) can be used without modification with the built-in simulator or with the executing application as it runs in hardware. Extensibility also plays a big role because designers can easily add new capability to the environment by writing additional tools in the parent language, Java, using the wide variety of available libraries. This paper gives a brief introduction to JHDL syntax and demonstrates its features with an end-to-end application example.
The Chemistry of Polyphosphate (1993)

Abstract Polyphosphates are effective inhibitors to control a variety of problems in potable water distribution systems. They are produced from the condensation reaction between phosphoric acid and a base. The Na2O:P2O5 ratio determines the chain length. Polyphosphates are cathodic inhibitors and provide good carbon steel corrosion control. The addition of zinc is synergistic, further reducing corrosion and accelerating protective film formation. Polyphosphates are excellent threshold calcium carbonate inhibitors. They also are capable of stabilizing dissolved iron and manganese and preventing "red" and "black" waters. During pigging operations, zinc polyphosphate provides steel protection by preventing flash rusting and disperses corrosion by-products.
Fatty Acyl‐CoA Reductase and Wax Synthase from <i>Euglena gracilis</i> in the Biosynthesis of Medium‐Chain Wax Esters (2010)

Euglena gracilis, a unicellular phytoflagellate, can accumulate a large amount of medium-chain wax esters under anaerobic growth conditions. Here we report the identification and characterization of two genes involved in the biosynthesis of wax esters in E. gracilis. The first gene encodes a fatty acyl-CoA reductase (EgFAR) involved in the conversion of fatty acyl-CoAs to fatty alcohols and the second gene codes for a wax synthase (EgWS) catalyzing esterification of fatty acyl-CoAs and fatty alcohols, yielding wax esters. When expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), EgFAR converted myristic acid (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) to their corresponding alcohols (14:0Alc and 16:0Alc) with myristic acid as the preferred substrate. EgWS utilized a broad range of fatty acyl-CoAs and fatty alcohols as substrates with the preference towards myristic acid and palmitoleyl alcohol. The wax biosynthetic pathway was reconstituted by co-expressing EgFAR and EgWS in yeast. When myristic acid was fed to the yeast, myristyl myristate (14:0-14:0), myristyl palmitoleate (14:0-16:1), myristyl palmitate (14:0-16:0) and palmityl myristate (16:0-14:0) were produced. These results indicate EgFAR and EgWS are likely the two enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of medium-chain wax esters in E. gracilis.
Conversion of Cannabidiol (CBD) into Psychotropic Cannabinoids Including Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): A Controversy in the Scientific Literature (2020)

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring, non-psychotropic cannabinoid of the hemp plant <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. and has been known to induce several physiological and pharmacological effects. While CBD is approved as a medicinal product subject to prescription, it is also widely sold over the counter (OTC) in the form of food supplements, cosmetics and electronic cigarette liquids. However, regulatory difficulties arise from its origin being a narcotic plant or its status as an unapproved novel food ingredient. Regarding the consumer safety of these OTC products, the question whether or not CBD might be degraded into psychotropic cannabinoids, most prominently tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), under in vivo conditions initiated an ongoing scientific debate. This feature review aims to summarize the current knowledge of CBD degradation processes, specifically the results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Additionally, the literature on psychotropic effects of cannabinoids was carefully studied with a focus on the degradants and metabolites of CBD, but data were found to be sparse. While the literature is contradictory, most studies suggest that CBD is not converted to psychotropic THC under in vivo conditions. Nevertheless, it is certain that CBD degrades to psychotropic products in acidic environments. Hence, the storage stability of commercial formulations requires more attention in the future.
FOXO3a-dependent regulation of Puma in response to cytokine/growth factor withdrawal (2006)

Puma is an essential mediator of p53-dependent and -independent apoptosis in vivo. In response to genotoxic stress, Puma is induced in a p53-dependent manner. However, the transcription factor driving Puma up-regulation in response to p53-independent apoptotic stimuli has yet to be identified. Here, we show that FOXO3a up-regulates Puma expression in response to cytokine or growth factor deprivation. Importantly, dysregulated Akt signaling in lymphoid cells attenuated Puma induction upon cytokine withdrawal. Our results suggest that Puma, together with another BH3 only member, Bim, function as FOXO3a downstream targets to mediate a stress response when PI3K/Akt signaling is down-regulated.
Lysophosphatidic acid-mediated signal-transduction pathways involved in the induction of the early-response genes prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 and Egr-1: a critical role for the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and for Rho proteins (1998)

During inflammatory processes of the kidney, lesions of the glomerulus lead to aggregation of thrombocytes and infiltration of macrophages, which can release bioactive mediators. One of these important signalling molecules is lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Incubation of rat mesangial cells with LPA induced mRNA and protein expression of the early-response genes pghs-2 (for prostaglandin G/H synthase-2/cyclo-oxygenase-2) and egr-1. As shown by antisense experiments, induction of egr-1 was related to the strong mitogenic effect of LPA. LPA-mediated gene expression was inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating coupling to G-proteins of the Gi family. Specific inhibition of proteins of the small G-protein subfamily Rho with toxin B from Clostridium difficile led to changes in mesangial cell morphology without induction of apoptosis. LPA-mediated expression of pghs-2 and egr-1 was reduced to base-line levels by toxin B, indicating a role for Rho proteins in LPA-mediated gene induction. Of the two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways investigated, the MAPK kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway was involved in the induction of both pghs-2 and egr-1 mRNA expression, as shown by the inhibitory effect of PD98059. Activation of the MAPK p38, however, was only related to pghs-2 expression, whereas egr-1 expression was not affected by treatment of mesangial cells with the specific inhibitor SB203580. Taken together our data provide evidence that LPA-mediated activation of MAPK kinase and Rho proteins leads to the induction of the functionally distinct early-response genes pghs-2 and egr-1, whereas activation of MAPK p38 revealed considerable differences between the regulation of these two genes.
Consequences of Essential Fatty Acids (2012)

Essential fatty acids (EFA) are nutrients that form an amazingly large array of bioactive mediators that act on a large family of selective receptors. Nearly every cell and tissue in the human body expresses at least one of these receptors, allowing EFA-based signaling to influence nearly every aspect of human physiology. In this way, the health consequences of specific gene-environment interactions with these nutrients are more extensive than often recognized. The metabolic transformations have similar competitive dynamics for the n-3 and n-6 homologs when converting dietary EFA from the external environment of foods into the highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) esters that accumulate in the internal environment of cells and tissues. In contrast, the formation and action of bioactive mediators during tissue responses to stimuli tend to selectively create more intense consequences for n-6 than n-3 homologs. Both n-3 and n-6 nutrients have beneficial actions, but many common health disorders are undesired consequences of excessive actions of tissue n-6 HUFA which are preventable. This review considers the possibility of preventing imbalances in dietary n-3 and n-6 nutrients with informed voluntary food choices. That action may prevent the unintended consequences that come from eating imbalanced diets which support excessive chronic actions of n-6 mediators that harm human health. The consequences from preventing n-3 and n-6 nutrient imbalances on a nationwide scale may be very large, and they need careful evaluation and implementation to avoid further harmful consequences for the national economy.
Theoretical Prediction of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> in Methanol: Testing SM8 and SMD Models for Carboxylic Acids, Phenols, and Amines (2014)

Methanol is a widely used solvent for chemical reactions and has solvation properties similar to those of water. However, the performance of continuum solvation models in this solvent has not been tested yet. In this report, we have investigated the performance of the SM8 and SMD models for pKa prediction of 26 carboxylic acids, 24 phenols, and 23 amines in methanol. The gas phase contribution was included at the X3LYP/TZVPP+diff//X3LYP/DZV+P(d) level. Using the proton exchange reaction with acetic acid, phenol, and ammonia as reference species leads to RMS error in the range of 1.4 to 3.6 pKa units. This finding suggests that the performance of the continuum models for methanol is similar to that found for aqueous solvent. Application of simple empirical correction through a linear equation leads to accurate pKa prediction, with uncertainty less than 0.8 units with the SM8 method. Testing with the less expensive PBE1PBE/6-311+G** method results in a slight improvement in the results.
Photocrosslinking of EPDM Elastomers. A New Method for Rapid Curing of Elastomer Coatings at Room Temperature (1988)

Abstract Photocrosslinking with UV light in air of silica-filled EPDM rubbers is possible in practical applications for at least 2 mm thick layers which are cemented onto a steel substrate. To find the optimum formulation of the rubber composition, it is essential to know the function of each component. Further optimization can be achieved by using the APOE to the TMPTA system and by using a suitable primer cement on the metal.