gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does Iterative Reconstruction Improve Image Quality and Reduce Dose in Computed Tomography? (2016)

The Filtered Back Projection (FBP) algorithm has been the standard algorithm for image reconstruction in computed tomography (CT) for many years, but it creates possible streak artifacts and a notable increase in image noise when radiation dose is reduced exceedingly. With technological advancement and increased computational capacities in workstations, iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms have re-emerged as a potential alternative. The purpose of this review is to establish if there is a general consensus that IR algorithms faithfully reduce radiation dose and improve image quality in CT in comparison with the FBP algorithm. A systematic review of the literature from 2012 to 2015 was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases, as well as various well-known journals such as the American Journal of Roentgenology, European Journal of Radiology, Physica Medica and the Korean Journal of Radiology. A total of 57 articles were categorized as either synopsis articles or performance evaluation clinical studies, where the latter was further divided into 6 sub-categories according to the type of IR algorithm examined. The results show that the use of IR algorithms reduces objective image noise, and at least preserves spatial resolution and low contrast detectability, even when dose is reduced. The findings are also applicable to specific patient groups, such as pediatrics and obese patients. In conclusion, there is a general consensus that IR algorithms can faithfully reduce radiation dose and improve image quality in CT in comparison with the FBP algorithm.
Protecting DNS from cache poisoning attack by using secure proxy (2012)

The DNS is one of the most important part of the Internet communication. DNS server runs a robust mechanism which provides the IP address of the internet host name. Even if the any component of this internet communication is unavailable for short interval then the whole internet communication will be disturbed or some time stop responding. When a DNS server sends a query to the specific server then an eves dropper can launch cache poisoning attack easily. Many solutions have been proposed which have their own pros and cones. In this paper a proposed solution is described by using security proxy with a hash function. Cache Poisoning attack can be avoided by using this technique. It creates a secure environment for the DNS to communicate with other DNS. When the source DNS receives any response from any DNS it will check the authenticity of receiving packets and send the data to the client. This technique provides secure environment for DNS communication. This new technique is easy to implement on the current DNS architecture without any modification.
Understanding microscopic binding of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with phenolic hydrazones by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations (2012)

Abstract Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an immunoregulatory protein, is a potential target for a number of inflammatory diseases. In the current work, the interactions between MIF and a series of phenolic hydrazones were studied by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, binding free energy calculations, and binding energy decomposition analysis to determine the structural requirement for achieving favorable biological activity of phenolic hydrazones. First, molecular docking was used to predict the binding modes of inhibitors in the binding site of MIF. The good correlation between the predicted docking scores and the experimental activities shows that the binding conformations of the inhibitors in the active site of MIF are well predicted. Moreover, our results suggest that the flexibility of MIF is essential in ligand binding process. Then, MD simulations and MM/GBSA free energy calculations were employed to determine the dynamic binding process and compare the binding modes of the inhibitors with different activities. The predicted binding free energies given by MM/GBSA are not well correlated with the experimental activities for the two subsets of the inhibitors; however, for each subset, a good correlation between the predicted binding free energies and the experimental activities is achieved. The MM/GBSA free energy decomposition analysis highlights the importance of hydrophobic residues for the MIF binding of the studied inhibitors. Based on the essential factors for MIF-inhibitor interactions derived from the theoretical predictions, some derivatives were designed and the higher inhibitory activities of several candidates were confirmed by molecular docking studies. The structural insights obtained from our study are useful for designing potent inhibitors of MIF.
Improved performance of CSMA/CA WLAN using a random inter-frame spacing algorithm (2006)

The recently adopted WLAN standard IEEE 802.11e provides quality of service (QoS) differentiation by grouping the traffic into different access categories (ACs) with different priorities. It defines different arbitration inter-frame space number (AIFSN) on a per-category basis to ensure that each category has different probability of accessing the channel. Within an AC, random back-off mechanism is used to spread the traffic. However, when there are a large number of QoS stations (QSTAs) within an AC, the probability of two or more stations choosing the identical back-off values is increased leading to increased packet collisions. In this paper, we propose the use of randomized AIFSN. The proposed technology leads to reduced probability for collisions and higher throughput. It also allows the introduction of many more priority values within an AC. Each AC is assigned an AIFSN interval and a probability distribution function (PDF) defined over that interval. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method also improves the throughput and latency of traffic at all priority levels.
Structure of a Pilin Monomer fromPseudomonas aeruginosa (2001)

Type IV pilin monomers assemble to form fibers called pili that are required for a variety of bacterial functions. Pilin monomers oligomerize due to the interaction of part of their hydrophobic N-terminal alpha-helix. Engineering of a truncated pilin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K122-4, where the first 28 residues are removed from the N terminus, yields a soluble, monomeric protein. This truncated pilin is shown to bind to its receptor and to decrease morbidity and mortality in mice upon administration 15 min before challenge with a heterologous strain of Pseudomonas. The structure of this truncated pilin reveals an alpha-helix at the N terminus that lies across a 4-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. A model for a pilus is proposed that takes into account both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of pilin subunits as well as previously published x-ray fiber diffraction data. Our model indicates that DNA or RNA cannot pass through the center of the pilus, however, the possibility exists for small organic molecules to pass through indicating a potential mechanism for signal transduction.
A NEW HIGHLY EFFICIENT EFM COMPATIBLE MODULATION CODE FOR OPTICAL DISC STORAGE (2005)

In this paper, a highly efficient modulation code named new eight to fourteen modulation (NEFM) code is proposed. The code efficiency and recording density of NEFM code are improved over the conventional modulation codes. However, its hardware complexity is comparably low. The analytical and experimental results show the effectiveness of NEFM code for high density optical recording. The encoding and decoding algorithms are summarized and the analytical and experimental results are described.
Revisiting the substrate specificity of mammalian α1,6-fucosyltransferase reveals that it catalyzes core fucosylation of N-glycans lacking α1,3-arm GlcNAc (2017)

The mammalian α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) catalyzes the core fucosylation of <i>N</i>-glycans in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins. Previously, intensive <i>in vitro</i> studies with crude extract or purified enzyme concluded that the attachment of a GlcNAc on the α1,3 mannose arm of <i>N</i>-glycan is essential for FUT8-catalyzed core fucosylation. In contrast, we have recently shown that expression of erythropoietin in a GnTI knock-out, FUT8-overexpressing cell line results in the production of fully core-fucosylated glycoforms of the oligomannose substrate Man<sub>5</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub>, suggesting that FUT8 can catalyze core fucosylation of <i>N</i>-glycans lacking an α1,3-arm GlcNAc in cells. Here, we revisited the substrate specificity of FUT8 by examining its <i>in vitro</i> activity toward an array of selected <i>N</i>-glycans, glycopeptides, and glycoproteins. Consistent with previous studies, we found that free <i>N</i>-glycans lacking an unmasked α1,3-arm GlcNAc moiety are not FUT8 substrates. However, Man<sub>5</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub> glycan could be efficiently core-fucosylated by FUT8 in an appropriate protein/peptide context, such as with the erythropoietin protein, a V3 polypeptide derived from HIV-1 gp120, or a simple 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate-protected Asn moiety. Interestingly, when placed in the V3 polypeptide context, a mature bi-antennary complex-type <i>N</i>-glycan also could be core-fucosylated by FUT8, albeit at much lower efficiency than the Man<sub>5</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub> peptide. This study represents the first report of <i>in vitro</i> FUT8-catalyzed core fucosylation of <i>N</i>-glycans lacking the α1,3-arm GlcNAc moiety. Our results suggest that an appropriate polypeptide context or other adequate structural elements in the acceptor substrate could facilitate the core fucosylation by FUT8.
Dibenzoxepinone Hydroxylamines and Hydroxamic Acids:  Dual Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase and 5-Lipoxygenase with Potent Topical Antiinflammatory Activity (1996)

Hydroxylamine and hydroxamic acid derivatives of a known nonsteroidal antiinflammatory dibenzoxepine series display both cyclooxygenase (CO) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitory properties. Many of these new dual CO/5-LO inhibitors also exhibit potent topical antiinflammatory activity in the arachidonic acid-induced murine ear edema model. On the basis of their promising profile of in vitro and in vivo activities, hydroxamic acids 24h, 3-(6,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-N-++ +methylpropanamide (HP 977), and 25, 3-(6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-N- methylpropanamide (P10294), were selected as developmental candidates for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.
Platelet-Rich Plasma (2009)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been utilized in surgery for 2 decades; there has been a recent interest in the use of PRP for the treatment of sports-related injuries. PRP contains growth factors and bioactive proteins that influence the healing of tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone. This article examines the basic science of PRP, and it describes the current clinical applications in sports medicine. This study reviews and evaluates the human studies that have been published in the orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine literature. The use of PRP in amateur and professional sports is reviewed, and the regulation of PRP by antidoping agencies is discussed.
A Precision, All-Purpose Microcamera1 (1937)

This microscope, intended primarily for photography with transmitted or reflected light, and particularly at high powers, departs widely from conventional design, especially in massive structure, appropriate materials, and high precision. Its most novel part is the motor-driven fine focusing mechanism which is 100 times slower than on standard instruments; 1 scale division = 0.01 micron or 100A. With this precise control of focus and with material for investigation believed superior to any hitherto employed for testing lens quality, results are secured and illustrated which indicate that true depth of focus is substantially less and resolution substantially greater than current theory would permit. Thus, change of focus of 1000A can be plainly recognized; and a colored structure 1070A wide is revealed in a photograph at 3175 diameters. It is inquired whether existing microscopical theory may not need review. Since present lenses apparently surpass their theoretical limits, a plea is made for better lenses still.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Are Distinct Pathologic Entities (2003)

Despite similar clinical features and therapeutic approaches, TTP and HUS each have a characteristic constellation of histopathologic findings. This observation suggests that TTP and HUS are 2 distinct disease entities with different pathophysiologies, and that they do not represent a spectrum of the same disease process.
Cell-based cartilage repair: illusion or solution for osteoarthritis (2007)

Surgical techniques are rapidly developing, and include resorbable biomaterials and expanded human mesenchymal stem cells to avoid disadvantages conferred by periosteal flaps and autologous chondrocytes. While expansion of mesenchymal stem cells seems to be safe and applicable, some concern exists about the stability of mesenchymal stem cells set to path to become chondrocytes, since common in-vitro protocols of chondrogenesis induce a program related to endochondral ossification which may finally yield only transient cartilage. SUMMERY: Bone marrow-stimulating techniques and autologous chondrocyte transplantation confer pain relief to the patients, and are superior to no treatment. Similar in their clinical outcome, they induce fibrocartilaginous repair tissue which may mature towards hyaline cartilage over time. Gained knowledge in the regulation of chondrogenesis, the role of host cell recruitment, transplanted cells, defect-filling materials and the influence of factors from subchondral bone will help to improve surgical procedures to allow their application to larger defects and patients with advanced signs of osteoarthritis.
Identification of HEXIM1 as a Positive Regulator of p53 (2012)

Hexamethylene bisacetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) is best known as the inhibitor of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which regulates the transcription elongation of RNA polymerase II and controls 60-70% of mRNA synthesis. Our previous studies show that HEXIM1 interacts with two key p53 regulators, nucleophosmin and human double minute-2 protein (HDM2), implying a possible connection between HEXIM1 and the p53 signaling pathway. Here we report the interaction between p53 and HEXIM1 in breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and colorectal carcinoma cells. The C-terminal regions of p53 and HEXIM1 are required for the protein-protein interaction. Overexpression of HEXIM1 prevents the ubiquitination of p53 by HDM2 and enhances the protein stability of p53, resulting in up-regulation of p53 target genes, such as Puma and p21. Induction of p53 can be achieved by several means, such as UV radiation and treatment with anti-cancer agents (including doxorubicin, etoposide, roscovitine, flavopiridol, and nutlin-3). Under all the conditions examined, elevated protein levels of p53 are found to associate with the increased p53-HEXIM1 interaction. In addition, knockdown of HEXIM1 significantly inhibits the induction of p53 and releases the cell cycle arrest caused by p53. Finally, the transcription of the p53 target genes is regulated by HEXIM1 in a p53-dependent fashion. Our results not only identify HEXIM1 as a positive regulator of p53, but also propose a novel molecular mechanism of p53 activation caused by the anti-cancer drugs and compounds.
Catalyst and processing effects on metal-assisted chemical etching for the production of highly porous GaN (2013)

Metal-assisted chemical etching is a facile method to produce micro-/nanostructures in the near-surface region of gallium nitride (GaN) and other semiconductors. Detailed studies of the production of porous GaN (PGaN) using different metal catalysts and GaN doping conditions have been performed in order to understand the mechanism by which metal-assisted chemical etching is accomplished in GaN. Patterned catalysts show increasing metal-assisted chemical etching activity to n-GaN in the order Ag < Au < Ir < Pt. In addition, the catalytic behavior of continuous films is compared to discontinuous island films. Continuous metal films strongly shield the surface, hindering metal-assisted chemical etching, an effect which can be overcome by using discontinuous films or increasing the irradiance of the light source. With increasing etch time or irradiance, PGaN morphologies change from uniform porous structures to ridge and valley structures. The doping type plays an important role, with metal-assisted chemical etching activity increasing in the order p-GaN < intrinsic GaN < n-GaN. Both the catalyst identity and the doping type effects are explained by the work functions and the related band offsets that affect the metal-assisted chemical etching process through a combination of different barriers to hole injection and the formation of hole accumulation/depletion layers at the metal–semiconductor interface.
A Multiprocessor Based Low Bitrate Video Codec Architecture and a Well-Adapted Two Phase Software Coding Strategy (1989)

The first part of the paper describes a specialized multiprocessor environment for hybrid coding of visual communications signals in the range from ISDN basic access to primary rate transmission channels. Most important is a proprietary 4-wide SIMD parallel video processor with 80 MIPS. The second part deals with the software philosophy of the codec. It uses preanalysis and prebuffering in the first phase of coding a frame. In the second phase, limited processing power and available channel bits are distributed optimally over time and over changed areas of one frame. Codec delay is halved with respect to conventional codecs.
Intracellular activation of EGFR by fatty acid synthase dependent palmitoylation (2015)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase. Canonically, the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR is regulated by its extracellular ligands. However, ligand-independent activation of EGFR exists in certain cancer cells, and the underlying mechanism remains to be defined. In this study, using PC3 and A549 cells as a model, we have found that, in the absence of extracellular ligands, a subpopulation of EGFR is constitutively active, which is needed for maintaining cell proliferation. Furthermore, we have found that fatty acid synthase (FASN)-dependent palmitoylation of EGFR is required for EGFR dimerization and kinase activation. Inhibition of FASN or palmitoyl acyltransferases reduced the activity and down-regulated the levels of EGFR, and sensitized cancer cells to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It is concluded that EGFR can be activated intracellularly by FASN-dependent palmitoylation. This mechanism may serve as a new target for improving EGFR-based cancer therapy.
Synthesis, characterization, and heterogeneous catalysis of polymer‐supported poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer stabilized gold nanoparticle catalyst (2010)

Abstract We report here, the synthesis of two types of heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts viz., polymer‐supported poly(propyleneimine)‐G2 dendrimer stabilized gold nanoparticle catalysts using crosslinked poly(4‐vinylpyridine) matrix (PSP4VP) as support material. The grafting of dendrimer on the surface of P4VP beads was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer and CHN analyses. The immobilization of AuNPs was characterized by UV‐Vis spectrum, SEM, and HRTEM studies. The resultant polymer‐supported dendrimer stabilized AuNPs were used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. The catalytic activity is found to be excellent and it can also be reused many times by simple filtration and activity remains maintained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2525–2532, 2010
A Flooding-Induced Xyloglucan Endo-Transglycosylase Homolog in Maize Is Responsive to Ethylene and Associated with Aerenchyma (1996)

Development of aerenchyma (soft cortical tissue with large intercellular air spaces) in flooded plants results from cell-wall hydrolysis and eventual cell lysis and is promoted by endogenous ethylene. Despite its adaptive significance, the molecular mechanisms behind aerenchyma development remain unknown. We recently isolated a flooding-induced maize (Zea mays L.) gene (wusl1005[gfu]; abbreviated as 1005) encoding a homolog of xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (XET), a putative cell-wall-loosening enzyme active during germination, expansion, and fruit softening. XET and related enzymes may also be involved in cell-wall metabolism during flooding-induced aerenchyma development. Under flooding, 1005 mRNA accumulated in root and mesocotyl locations that subsequently exhibited aerenchyma development and reached maximum levels within 12 h of treatment. Aerenchyma development was observed in the same locations by 48 h of treatment. Treatment with the ethylene synthesis inhibitor (aminooxy) acetic acid (AOA), which prevented cortical air space formation under flooding, almost completely inhibited 1005 mRNA accumulation in both organs. AOA treatment had little effect on the accumulation of mRNA encoded by adh1, indicating that it did not cause general suppression of flooding-responsive genes. Additionally, ethylene treatment under aerobic conditions resulted in aerenchyma development as well as induction of 1005 in both organs. These results indicate that 1005 is responsive to ethylene. Treatment with anoxia, which suppresses ethylene accumulation and aerenchyma development, also resulted in 1005 induction. However, in contrast to flooding, AOA treatment under anoxia did not affect 1005 mRNA accumulation, indicating that 1005 is induced via different mechanisms under flooding (hypoxia) and anoxia.
Bocdene and Mocdene Derivatives of Catechols and Catecholamines (2001)

[reaction in text] Catechols react chemoselectively, in the presence of either alcohols, 1,2-diols, or simple phenols, with tert-butyl propynoate and with methyl propynoate to give 2-Boc-ethylidene (Bocdene) and 2-Moc-ethylidene (Mocdene) acetals, respectively, in 96-100% yields within 30 min at room temperature, provided that 150 mol % of DMAP is added. Cleavage of these acetals with pyrrolidine readily takes place (at room temperature!) in 95-100% yields. By taking advantage of the features of Bocdene acetals, novel catecholamine-related phosphate mimetics have been prepared.
Synthesis of adamantane derivatives. 65. Synthesis of 2-exo-hydroxy-4-thiahomoadamantane and some related derivatives (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of adamantane derivatives. 65. Synthesis of 2-exo-hydroxy-4-thiahomoadamantane and some related derivativesTadashi Sasaki, Shoji Eguchi, and Hiroshi BanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 22, 4073–4076Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00170a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00170a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts