gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
European brown hare syndrome virus: relationship to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and other caliciviruses (1994)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the capsid protein of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) were used to identify field cases of European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) and to distinguish between RHDV and the virus responsible for EBHS. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of liver extract of an EBHS virus (EBHSV)-infected hare revealed a single major capsid protein species of approximately 60 kDa that shared epitopes with the capsid protein of RHDV. RNA isolated from the liver of an EBHSV-infected hare contained two viral RNA species of 7.5 and 2.2 kb that comigrated with the genomic and subgenomic RNAs of RHDV and were recognized by labeled RHDV cDNA in Northern (RNA) hybridizations. The nucleotide sequence of the 3' 2.8 kb of the EBHSV genome was determined from four overlapping cDNA clones. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame that contains part of the putative RNA polymerase gene and the complete capsid protein gene. This particular genome organization is shared by RHDV but not by other known caliciviruses. The deduced amino acid sequence of the capsid protein of EBHSV was compared with the capsid protein sequences of RDDV and other caliciviruses. The amino acid sequence comparisons revealed that EBHSV is closely related to RHDV and distantly related to other caliciviruses. On the basis of their genome organization, it is suggested that caliciviruses be divided into three groups.
Data-Efficient Generalization of Robot Skills with Contextual Policy Search (2013)

In robotics, controllers make the robot solve a task within a specific context. The context can describe the objectives of the robot or physical properties of the environment and is always specified before task execution. To generalize the controller to multiple contexts, we follow a hierarchical approach for policy learning: A lower-level policy controls the robot for a given context and an upper-level policy generalizes among contexts. Current approaches for learning such upper-level policies are based on model-free policy search, which require an excessive number of interactions of the robot with its environment. More data-efficient policy search approaches are model based but, thus far, without the capability of learning hierarchical policies. We propose a new model-based policy search approach that can also learn contextual upper-level policies. Our approach is based on learning probabilistic forward models for long-term predictions. Using these predictions, we use information-theoretic insights to improve the upper-level policy. Our method achieves a substantial improvement in learning speed compared to existing methods on simulated and real robotic tasks.
CytoBuoy: a step forward towards using flow cytometry in operational oceanography (2000)

While the performance of biological sensors in real time monitoring networks is limited to bulk values like chlorophyll fluorescence, in practice the implementation of automated phytoplankton taxonomy remains a remote option. Aiming to reduce this gap we developed a flow cytometer called CytoBuoy for autonomous in situ operation, for instance in a moored buoy with wireless data transfer. Although not comparable to microscopy, flow cytometers detect and count particles allowing a limited level of particle characterization based on the light scatter and fluorescence properties of the individual particles. CytoBuoy analyses a large size range of particles, typical for marine coastal zones and fresh waters. The `field´ design implies a tradeoff between the accuracy and versatility of laboratory flow cytometers and the qualities needed for trouble free autonomous operation in situ. The optics and electronics however were designed for maximal reflection of the particle morphology in the measured signals. Whereas standard cytometers reduce these to single peak or area `listmode´ numbers, the signal courses are preserved fully by CytoBuoy and transferred to the computer as raw data, which allows more extended morphological analysis. Extended field tests will have to show how the system holds in various environments and weather conditions.
Documentation of Health Risks and Health Promotion Counseling by Emergency Department Nurse Practitioners and Physicians (2000)

Many opportunities for identification of health risks and follow-up counseling, as recommended in Healthy People 2000 and by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, were not documented. To meet the new goals of Healthy People 2010, health care providers in all settings should identify health risk factors and document health promotion counseling during every patient encounter.
A novel blind deconvolution scheme for image restoration using recursive filtering (1998)

We present a novel blind deconvolution technique for the restoration of linearly degraded images without explicit knowledge of either the original image or the point spread function. The technique applies to situations in which the scene consists of a finite support object against a uniformly black, grey, or white background. This occurs in certain types of astronomical imaging, medical imaging, and one-dimensional (1-D) gamma ray spectra processing, among others. The only information required are the nonnegativity of the true image and the support size of the original object. The restoration procedure involves recursive filtering of the blurred image to minimize a convex cost function. We prove convexity of the cost function, establish sufficient conditions to guarantee a unique solution, and examine the performance of the technique in the presence of noise. The new approach is experimentally shown to be more reliable and to have faster convergence than existing nonparametric finite support blind deconvolution methods. For situations in which the exact object support is unknown, we propose a novel support-finding algorithm.
Relative Roles of Inhibin B and Sex Steroids in the Negative Feedback Regulation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Men across the Full Spectrum of Seminiferous Epithelium Function (2008)

We came to the following conclusions: 1) in the human male, inhibin B is the principal gonadal feedback regulator of FSH secretion unless seminiferous tubular function is severely compromised, and a logarithmic model best describes this relationship; and 2) sex steroid inhibition of FSH secretion is most apparent when serum inhibin B levels fall well below the normal range.
Response of ion-selective field effect transistors to carbon dioxide and organic acids (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResponse of ion-selective field effect transistors to carbon dioxide and organic acidsEric J. Fogt, Darrel F. Untereker, Marge S. Norenberg, and Mark E. MeyerhoffCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 9, 1995–1998Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00286a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00286a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low Power Design Techniques for Single-Bit Audio Continuous-Time Delta Sigma ADCs Using FIR Feedback (2014)

Single-bit continuous-time delta-sigma modulators (CTDSM) using FIR feedback DACs inherit the appealing aspects of both single-bit and multibit designs, without the disadvantage of either approaches. In this work, we give a method for stabilizing a CTDSM that uses an FIR feedback DAC. Further, we show that increasing the number of taps beyond a certain number (dependent on the architecture and oversampling ratio of the modulator) does not improve performance. The results of our analysis are incorporated in the design of a third-order audio CTDSM which achieves a peak A-weighted SNR of 102.3 dB (raw SNR of 98.9 dB) and a spurious-free dynamic range of 106 dB in a 24 kHz bandwidth, while consuming only 280 μW from a 1.8 V supply.
Dezincification of Steel Scraps (2012)

Abstract Im Rahmen eines Verbundprojektes wurde ein Verfahren zur sauren Vorentzinkung, die sog. Bypass‐Vorentzinkung, entwickelt. Es beruht auf der inhibitorischen Wirkung von Wasch‐ und Ziehölen, die die gleichzeitige Auflösung des Eisens mit Zink unterbindet. Zusätzlich kommt Restzinkschichten eine Schutzfunktion gegen die Eisenauflösung zu. Der Nachweis der Industrietauglichkeit erfolgte mit dem Bau und Betrieb einer Pilotanlage für einen Nominaldurchsatz von 24 t d –1 , der auf 100 t d –1 erhöht werden konnte. Es wurden sowohl für galvanisierte als auch für feuerverzinkte Neuschrotte und Mischungen dieser Schrotte Entzinkungsgrade bis zu 99 % erreicht. Im Vergleich mit der konventionellen Entzinkungsroute ergibt sich eine Energieeinsparung um den Faktor 50 bei gleichzeitiger CO 2 ‐Verminderung um den Faktor 40.
EOG correction: A comparison of four methods (2005)

EOG correction is a class of techniques that account for ocular artifact in the electroencephalogram (EEG) by subtracting electrooculographic data from the EEG. The purpose of this study was to evaluate four of these correction techniques (Verleger, Gasser, & Mocks, 1982 [VGM]; Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1983 [GCD]; Semlitsch, Presslich, Schuster, & Anderer, 1986 [SPSA]; Croft & Barry, 2000 [CB]). Blinks, vertical eye movements (VEM), and horizontal eye movements (HEM) from 26 subjects were corrected using these techniques, and eye movement event-related potentials computed to aid validation. HEMs were corrected better by CB, VGM/GCD then SPSA, VEMs by CB, VGM/GCD then SPSA, and blinks by CB, SPSA, GCD and then VGM, with the advantage of CB substantial for blinks (eta2>.72), VEMs (eta2>.60), and HEMs (eta2>.27). It is argued that the CB procedure adequately accounts for ocular artifact in the EEG. Reasons for the limitations of the other procedures are discussed.
An efficient parallel architecture for 3D PET image reconstruction (2002)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality which provides information on in vivo physiological and metabolic functions in the human body. However, the long reconstruction time has prevented 3D PET from being practical. To make 3D PET feasible in a medical environment, in this paper, we propose an efficient parallel architecture for PET image reconstruction. The proposed parallel system is composed of four-connected processors with a novel interconnection network, called pairwise perfect shuffle (PPS). It may accomplish all types of data sharing activities involved in both filtered-backprojection and EM algorithms in O(logN) steps, which is optimal. Both proposed parallel architecture and reconstruction algorithms have been shown to be efficient on a transputer-based system.
Troponin I phosphorylation and myofilament calcium sensitivity during decompensated cardiac hypertrophy (1998)

We have measured myocyte cell shortening, troponin-I (Tn-I) phosphorylation, Ca2+ dependence of actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels, and myofibrillar isoform expression in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) during decompensated cardiac hypertrophy (76 wk old) and in age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) controls. The decreased inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation previously observed in myocytes from 26-wk-old SHR was further reduced at 76 wk of age. In response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, Tn-I phosphorylation was greater in the 76-wk-old SHR than in the WKY, although cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent Tn-I phosphorylation in the SHR did not increase with progression from compensated (26 wk) to decompensated (76 wk) hypertrophy. We also observed a dissociation between the increased PKA-dependent Tn-I phosphorylation and decreased cAMP levels in the 76-wk-old SHR versus WKY during beta-adrenergic stimulation. Baseline Tn-I phosphorylation was significantly reduced in 76-wk-old SHR versus WKY and was associated with decreased basal cAMP levels and increased Ca2+ sensitivity of actomyosin ATPase activity. The change in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity during beta-adrenergic stimulation in the 76-wk-old SHR (0.65 pCa units) was over twofold greater than in the 76-wk-old WKY (0.30 pCa units). We also determined whether embryonic troponin T isoforms were reexpressed in decompensated hypertrophy and observed significant reexpression of the embryonic cardiac troponin T isoforms in the 76-wk-old SHR. The significant decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity with beta-adrenergic stimulation in 76-wk-old SHR may contribute to the severely impaired inotropic response during decompensated hypertrophy in the SHR.
Plasma Factor XIII Binds Specifically to Fibrinogen Molecules Containing γ‘ Chains (1996)

The difference between peak 1 and peak 2 fibrinogen lies in their gamma chains. Peak 1 molecules contain 2 gamma A chains; peak 2 molecules contain 1 gamma A and 1 gamma chain, the latter of which contains a 20 amino acid extension (gamma 408-427) replacing the carboxyl-terminal 4 amino acids of the gamma A chain (gamma A 408-411). While the existence of gamma chains in plasma fibrinogen molecules has been known for many years, their function remains unknown. When fibrinogen is purified from plasma, the factor XIII zymogen (A2B2) copurifies with it and is found only in the peak 2 fibrinogen when this fraction is separated from peak 1 fibrinogen by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Factor XIII alone applied to the same DEAE column elutes at a position between peak 1 and peak 2. When mixtures of peak 1 fibrinogen plus factor XIII or peak 2 fibrinogen plus factor XIII are applied to DEAE columns, the peak 1/factor XIII mixture elutes in two peaks, whereas the peak 2/factor XIII mixture elutes in the peak 2 fibrinogen position. Gel sieving on Superose 6 of peak 1/factor XIII mixtures results in two protein peaks, the first of which contains the fibrinogen. Most factor XIII activity elutes in the second peak with a small amount of activity emerging with the trailing end of the fibrinogen peak. Gel sieving of mixtures of peak 2 and factor XIII results in a single protein peak with all factor XIII activity emerging with the leading edge of the fibrinogen peak. The interaction between peak 2 fibrinogen and plasma factor XIII appears to be through binding to the B subunit of factor XIII since placental or platelet factor XIII (A2), which does not contain B subunits, elutes independently from peak 2 fibrinogen on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The results indicate that peak 2 fibrinogen gamma chains have a physiologically significant affinity for the B subunits of plasma factor XIII and that through this interaction fibrinogen serves as a carrier for the plasma zymogen in circulating blood.
Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobia Are Natural Endophytes of the African Wild Rice <i>Oryza breviligulata</i> (2000)

We investigated the presence of endophytic rhizobia within the roots of the wetland wild rice Oryza breviligulata, which is the ancestor of the African cultivated rice Oryza glaberrima. This primitive rice species grows in the same wetland sites as Aeschynomene sensitiva, an aquatic stem-nodulated legume associated with photosynthetic strains of Bradyrhizobium. Twenty endophytic and aquatic isolates were obtained at three different sites in West Africa (Senegal and Guinea) from nodal roots of O. breviligulata and surrounding water by using A. sensitiva as a trap legume. Most endophytic and aquatic isolates were photosynthetic and belonged to the same phylogenetic Bradyrhizobium/Blastobacter subgroup as the typical photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium strains previously isolated from Aeschynomene stem nodules. Nitrogen-fixing activity, measured by acetylene reduction, was detected in rice plants inoculated with endophytic isolates. A 20% increase in the shoot growth and grain yield of O. breviligulata grown in a greenhouse was also observed upon inoculation with one endophytic strain and one Aeschynomene photosynthetic strain. The photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278 extensively colonized the root surface, followed by intercellular, and rarely intracellular, bacterial invasion of the rice roots, which was determined with a lacZ-tagged mutant of ORS278. The discovery that photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium strains, which are usually known to induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on stems of the legume Aeschynomene, are also natural true endophytes of the primitive rice O. breviligulata could significantly enhance cultivated rice production.
Structure of the gene encoding rat thyrotropin releasing hormone. (1988)

The gene encoding the hypothalamic peptide thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was isolated from two rat genomic bacteriophage libraries. Southern blot analysis indicates that the gene is present as a single copy in the rat genome. The transcriptional unit is 2.6 kilobases in size and contains three exons interrupted by two introns of approximately 750 and 450 base pairs. Exon 1 encodes the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA, exon 2 encodes the signal sequence and the majority of the amino-terminal peptide, and exon 3 encodes the remainder of the amino-terminal peptide, five copies of the TRH sequence, the carboxyl-terminal peptide, and the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA. The general structure of the TRH gene resembles that of three other polypeptide hormone genes, preproopiomelanocortin, preproenkephalin A, and preproenkephalin B. Further sequence analysis revealed that characteristic promoter elements are present in the 5'-flanking region of the TRH gene. In addition, sequence homologies with the glucocorticoid receptor binding site, the GC box hexanucleotide, and a portion of the flanking region of the thyroid stimulating hormone beta-subunit gene were also identified. These upstream sequences may be important for the regulation of TRH gene expression.
Safety relevant navigation and certifiable databases for 3D synthetic vision systems (2002)

In Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) a 3D flight guidance display depicts environmental data and mission critical information to pilots in order to increase situation awareness. With these systems Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) can be reduced and air traffic management for all phases of flight greatly enhanced. Such a system consists of three necessary components: 1) synthetic vision display (SVD) 2) high precision navigation 3) high accuracy databases. While the navigation system has to provide information about current position, attitudes, and sensor integrity, the databases provide information for terrain, obstacles, airports and navigation aids. This paper shows that these two essential prerequisites for a SVD are at a very developed stage and may be available as commercial equipment and procedures in the near future.
Effects of Osthole on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Using Ovariectomized Rats; Comparison to the Effects of Estradiol. (2002)

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of osthole on postmenopausal osteoporosis using ovariectomized (OVX) rats. All of the rats were divided into sham and OVX groups. At 2 weeks post-operation, the sham-operated rats received solvent vehicle (97% corn oil and 3% ethanol, 1.0 ml/kg, subcutaneously); the OVX rats were divided into three groups which were treated with solvent vehicle (same the sham rats, 1.0 ml/kg, subcutaneously), 17beta-estradiol (30 microg/kg, subcutaneously) or osthole (9.0 mg/kg, orally) 5 d/week for 4 weeks, respectively. In OVX rats, the increases of body weight, spleen and thymus weight were significantly decreased and the atrophy of uterus was preserved by 17beta-estradiol treatment, but not by osthole. Treatment with either 17beta-estradiol or osthole significantly protected cancellous bone loss owing to estrogen deficiency and significantly increased the maximal load in the femoral neck of OVX rats. In addition, the increases of serum osteocalcin (OC) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) levels caused by ovariectomy were all significantly suppressed by 17beta-estradiol. However, only urinary DPD was significantly reduced by osthole and no change was found in serum OC. Our results demonstrate that osthole may be just as effective as 17beta-estradiol in suppressing bone loss due to ovariectomy but osthole perhaps does not work through the estrogen pathway.
Cancer wars: natural products strike back (2014)

Natural products have historically been a mainstay source of anticancer drugs, but in the 90's they fell out of favor in pharmaceutical companies with the emergence of targeted therapies, which rely on antibodies or small synthetic molecules identified by high throughput screening. Although targeted therapies greatly improved the treatment of a few cancers, the benefit has remained disappointing for many solid tumors, which revitalized the interest in natural products. With the approval of rapamycin in 2007, 12 novel natural product derivatives have been brought to market. The present review describes the discovery and development of these new anticancer drugs and highlights the peculiarities of natural product and new trends in this exciting field of drug discovery.
Titelbild: Methoden zur chemischen Synthese von Fullerenen (Angew. Chem. 38/2004) (2004)

Viel Energie kostet es, das planare π‐System eines polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffs zu krümmen. Ohne diesen Kraftakt wäre die erste chemische Synthese von C 60 in isolierbaren Mengen undenkbar gewesen. L. T. Scott beschreibt im Aufsatz auf S. 5102 ff. die Anwendungsbreite und die Einschränkungen der leistungsstarken neuartigen Methoden, die bei der Fullerensynthese zum Einsatz kamen und anhand der Synthesen zahlreicher geodätischer Polyarene erprobt wurden.
Antibodies Reacting with Lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum in Serum from Normal Human Subjects (1974)

Sera from 54 blood donors and 56 healthy children were examined for antibodies reacting with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with purified lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Antibodies were detected in sera from most subjects within all age groups; the titers ranged from 10 to 320. The antibodies were sensitive to reductive cleavage by 2-mercaptoethanol and were specific for lipopolysaccharide from each of the three bacterial species. Antibodies were not found in samples of 10 umbilical cord sera.