gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elements in the Development of a Production Process for Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (2013)

The production of several viral vaccines depends on chicken embryo fibroblasts or embryonated chicken eggs. To replace this logistically demanding substrate, we created continuous anatine suspension cell lines (CR and CR.pIX), developed chemically-defined media, and established production processes for different vaccine viruses. One of the processes investigated in greater detail was developed for modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). MVA is highly attenuated for human recipients and an efficient vector for reactogenic expression of foreign genes. Because direct cell-to-cell spread is one important mechanism for vaccinia virus replication, cultivation of MVA in bioreactors is facilitated if cell aggregates are induced after infection. This dependency may be the mechanism behind our observation that a novel viral genotype (MVA-CR) accumulates with serial passage in suspension cultures. Sequencing of a major part of the genomic DNA of the new strain revealed point mutations in three genes. We hypothesize that these changes confer an advantage because they may allow a greater fraction of MVA-CR viruses to escape the host cells for infection of distant targets. Production and purification of MVA-based vaccines may be simplified by this combination of designed avian cell line, chemically defined media and the novel virus strain.
Electrically Charged Dust in Rooms (1949)

Inefficient electrostatic air cleaners may allow the escape of dust particles carrying electric charges of one sign. Such charged particles, suspended in the air of a room, create a space-charge potential. The resulting voltage gradient drives the charged particles toward the walls. Because of this space-charge effect, the full benefit of air cleaning may not be realized. In addition to the efficiency of the electrostatic air cleaner, other important factors are the concentration of particulate matter in the air, and room size and shape. Ordinarily, the space-charge problem can be solved by high-efficiency cleaning, under particularly severe conditions, such as especially dirty locations and large rooms (such as auditoriums), the use of a neutralizing device may be desirable.
Increasing the depth of field in an LWIR system for improved object identification (2005)

In a long wave infrared (LWIR) system there is the need to capture the maximum amount of information of objects over a broad volume for the identification and classification by the human or machine observer. In a traditional imaging system the optics limit the capture of this information to a narrow object volume. This limitation can hinder the observer's ability to navigate and/or identify friend or foe in combat or civilian operations. By giving the observer a larger volume of clear imagery their ability to perform will drastically improve. The system presented allows the efficient capture of object information over a broad volume and is enabled by a technology called Wavefront Coding. A Wavefront Coded system employs the joint optimization of the optics, detection and signal processing. Through a specialized design of the system’s optical phase, the system becomes invariant to the aberrations that traditionally limit the effective volume of clear imagery. In the process of becoming invariant, the specialized phase creates a uniform blur across the detected image. Signal processing is applied to remove the blur, resulting in a high quality image. A device specific noise model is presented that was developed for the optimization and accurate simulation of the system. Additionally, still images taken from a video feed from the as-built system are shown, allowing the side by side comparison of a Wavefront Coded and traditional imaging system.
Multimodal analgesia as an essential part of enhanced recovery protocols in the ambulatory settings (2019)

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols are multimodal perioperative care pathways designed to achieve early recovery in patients after surgical procedures by defining and maintaining preoperative organ function and minimizing the profound stress response following surgery. Enhanced recovery protocols have primarily been studied for major abdominal surgeries, however, the knowledge acquired from studying these protocols has facilitated treating patients in ambulatory settings. The key components of enhanced recovery protocols include preoperative counseling, preoperative nutrition, altering the standard perioperative fasting guidelines, and the value of carbohydrate loading up to 2 hours preoperatively, standardized analgesic, and anesthetic regimens (epidural and nonopioid analgesia) and early mobilization. A PubMed search was performed with the following key words: multimodal analgesia, enhanced recovery, ambulatory care, pain management, and opioids. We discuss the use of enhanced recovery protocols and multimodal pain care plans in the ambulatory setting.
Thermal Stability of Polyester-Styrene Resin Systems (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Stability of Polyester-Styrene Resin SystemsE. S. Ebers, W. F. Brucksch, P. M. Elliott, R. S. Holdsworth, and H. W. RobinsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 1, 114–119Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50481a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50481a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Cardiotonic Agents. Part 2. (Imidazolyl)aroylimidazolones, Highly Potent and Selective Positive Inotropic Agents. (1988)

Abstract Nucleophilic displacement of fluoride in the fluorobenzoyl compounds (I) with the imidazoles (II) gives the title compounds (III) with an imidazol‐1‐yl group.
High reproducibility of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in parallel sequential batch reactors (2009)

Replicates in identical set-ups are reproducible, and pragmatic processing of DGGE patterns is a straightforward tool to score and compare the functionality of the bacterial communities.
The design of an open controller for an industrial robot (2004)

This paper presents an open controller which is designed for bending the hull steel plates. It is an industrial robot that is based on the SERCOS bus and carries out a so-called "bending by line heating" procedure in China. To treat with the diversity of the original steel plates' shapes, we designed an open controller for it. The controller is open because it provides a set of instructions with which the end user can compile different programs according to the different working procedures. A positioning method used in the saddle type plate forming is also introduced.
Design of a Microbreather for Two-Phase Microchannel Heat Sinks (2009)

The design of a vapor breather that uses microstructures and surface chemistry to improve two-phase microchannel heat sink performance was investigated. Test breather devices were designed, fabricated, and characterized that enabled imaging of bubble-breather interactions and understanding of geometry on breather performance. A model was subsequently developed to interpret the experimental results, which incorporates the effect of both liquid inlet flow rate and breather port vacuum level on the maximum air removal rate. This work offers insights and guidelines for the development of optimized breather structures to improve two-phase microchannel performance for thermal management applications.
An aspect-oriented approach to distributed object security (2003)

In this paper we present a security framework for Bond, a message-oriented distributed object middleware for network computing. Bond Security Framework, BSF, allows developers to exercise performance-security tradeoffs and use the security model best suited for a specific application and for a given environment. BSF consists of an extensible core and a set of well-defined security interfaces. Any Bond object can become a secure object when extended with a dynamic property called bondSecurityContext.
Activity and Mechanism of Action of <i>N</i> -Methanocarbathymidine against Herpesvirus and Orthopoxvirus Infections (2006)

N-Methanocarbathymidine [(N)-MCT] is a conformationally locked nucleoside analog that is active against some herpesviruses and orthopoxviruses in vitro. The antiviral activity of this molecule is dependent on the type I thymidine kinase (TK) in herpes simplex virus and also appears to be dependent on the type II TK expressed by cowpox and vaccinia viruses, suggesting that it is a substrate for both of these divergent forms of the enzyme. The drug is also a good inhibitor of viral DNA synthesis in both viruses and is consistent with inhibition of the viral DNA polymerase once it is activated by the viral TK homologs. This mechanism of action explains the rather unusual spectrum of activity, which is limited to orthopoxviruses, alphaherpesviruses, and Epstein-Barr virus, since these viruses express molecules with TK activity that can phosphorylate and thus activate the drug. The compound is also effective in vivo and reduces the mortality of mice infected with orthopoxviruses, as well as those infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 when treatment is initiated 24 h after infection. These results indicate that (N)-MCT is active in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism of action suggests that the molecule may be an effective therapeutic for orthopoxvirus and herpesvirus infections, thus warranting further development.
Numerical analysis of a comprehensive in silico subcutaneous insulin absorption compartmental model (2009)

Development of safe and effective glucose management algorithms for remediation of inpatient hyperglycemia reduces nursing workload and improves patient outcomes by providing decision support at the bedside. Computer simulation of drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics enables evaluation and testing of glycemic control algorithms prior to in vivo investigations without risk to patients. For subcutaneous insulin dosing, in silico testing requires an accurate model of diffusion and availability of insulin from the time of injection. Wong et al. [1, 2] have recently proposed a comprehensive compartmental model of pharmacokinetics for six types of insulin to serve as the basis for available brands. The compartmental model is efficient for processing a large number of virtual patients. Herein we analyze numerical integration properties for the Wong et al. model, as a guide for achieving peak efficiency of simulations.
Hand shape extraction from a sequence of digitized gray-scale images (2002)

Gesture recognition is currently a major trend in human-computer interface researches. In a gestural interface, the extraction of the hand shape from a digitized scene is the first step before the analysis and recognition of the gestures themselves. Aiming at the implementation of a gestural interface, in this paper the authors present a method to extract fingertip coordinates from a sequence of images. The authors propose a method comprising histogram analysis, using the results from movement detection in order to find threshold values, and applying gray level slicing. This overall processing solves some problems found in conventional methods, such as the influence of shadows. A potential application would be in the implementation of an input device that substitutes the mouse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication and testing of thermally responsive hydrogel-based actuators using polymer heater elements for flexible microvalves (2011)

We present the design, fabrication and characterization of a mechanically flexible diaphragm-based microvalve actuator employing a reservoir of the thermally responsive hydrogel PNIPAAm and a conductive nanocomposite polymer (C-NCP) heater element. The microvalve actuator can be fabricated employing traditional soft lithography processes for fabrication of all components, including the tungsten-based C-NCP heater element, the hydrogel reservoir, and the deflecting polymer membrane. Shrinking of the hydrogel under the application of heat supplied by the flexible heater, or the removal of this thermal energy by turning off the heater, forces the diaphragm to move. The silicone diaphragm actuator is compatible with a normally-closed polymer microvalve design where-by the fluidic channel can be opened and closed via the hydrogel diaphragm actuator, in which the hydrogel is normally swollen and heating opens the valve via membrane deflection. Our prototype hydrogel actuator diaphragms are between 100-200 micrometers in diameter, and experimentally deflect approximately 100 micrometers under heating to 32 degrees ºC or above, which is sufficient to theoretically open a microvalve to allow flow to pass through a 100 micrometer deep channel. We characterize the flexible tungsten C-NCP heaters for voltage versus temperature and show that the flexible heaters can reach the hydrogel transition temperature of 32 degrees °C at approximately 13-15 V. We further characterize the hydrogel response to heat, and diaphragm deflection using both hot plate and flexible C-NCP heater elements. While our results show diaphragm deflection adequate for microvalves at a reasonable voltage, the speed of deflection is currently very slow and would result in slow microvalve response speed (30 seconds to open the valve, and 120 seconds to reclose it).
Resolving isoforms of aldose reductase by preparative isoelectric focusing in the Rotofor (1991)

We have resolved and characterized isoforms of aldose reductase from bovine and porcine lenses by preparative isoelectric focusing with narrow pH gradients using the Rotofor. Both bovine and porcine lens aldose reductases were resolved as two enzyme isoforms. The bovine isoforms were Mr40400 +/- 445 polypeptides of pI4.71 and 5.19. Porcine isoforms were Mr41500 +/- 450 polypeptides of pI 4.90 and 5.30. Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease digestion patterns for each set of isoforms were essentially identical and all isoforms probably contain blocked amino terminal amino acids. Antiserum to bovine lens aldose reductase cross-reacted with porcine lens aldose reductase. Each isoform displayed substrate preferences characteristic of mammalian aldose reductases. With purification, both bovine and porcine lens aldose reductases became less sensitive to inhibition by 6-fluoro-spiro-(chroman-4.4'-imidazolidine)-2',5'-dione (sorbinil).
Fidelity of hepatitis B virus polymerase (2003)

Although efficient vaccines are available, chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection poses a major health problem worldwide, and prolonged treatment of chronically infected HBV patients with nucleoside analogs often results in drug-resistant HBV variants. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the contribution of the HBV polymerase to mutations. FLAG-tagged wild-type (FPolE) and mutant (FPolE/D551A) HBV polymerases have been expressed in insect cells and purified. The purified FPolE showed DNA polymerase activity, but FPolE/D551A did not, implying that the activity was derived from FPolE. No 3'-->5'exonuclease activity was detected in FPolE. The fidelity of FPolE was investigated and compared with that of HIV-1 RT, which is highly error-prone. The fidelity of HBV polymerase seems to be achieved by increasing the Km for the dNTP being misinserted. The nucleotide misinsertion efficiency of FPolE and HIV-1 RT ranged from 3.59 x 10-4 (C : T) to 1.51 x 10-3 (G : T) and from 1.75 x 10-4 (C : T) to 1.62 x 10-3 (G : T), respectively, and the overall misinsertion efficiency of HIV-1 RT was just 1.04-fold higher than that of FPolE, implying that HBV polymerase is fairly error-prone. Though HBV genetic mutation rate in replication is thought to be between those in RNA and DNA viruses, our data shows that the rate of mutation by HBV polymerase is higher than the rate of genetic mutation in vivo. This may be a result from more overlapping HBV genes in the HBV genome than that of other retroviruses.
Fabrication of Oriented SiC‐Whisker‐Reinforced Mullite Matrix Composites by Tape Casting (1994)

Dense SiC‐whisker‐reinforced mullite composites with up to 50 vol% whiskers can be obtained by tape casting and hot pressing. The tape casting process results in high degrees of SiC whisker orientation as determined visually and by X‐ray diffraction. The ability to achieve dense composites with as much as 50 vol % whiskers is attributed to the higher percolation threshold of aligned whiskers. The factors affecting the degree of whisker orientation during tape casting are described using a fluid dynamics model derived from Jeffery's equations and show that the orientation of anisometric particles is enhanced primarily by the casting rate and particle aspect ratio.
Temporal Profiles of the Course of Depression During Treatment (1997)

There are multiple pathways by which individuals begin to emerge from depression; these pathways can be identified empirically. Variables from diverse psychobiologic domains can be used to predict which persons are likely to advance along which trajectories toward recovery.
Hypercube clock synchronization (1992)

Abstract Algorithms for synchronizing the times and frequencies of the clocks of Intel and Ncube hypercube multiprocessors are presented. Bounds for the error in estimating clock offsets and frequencies are formulated in terms of the clock read error and message transmission time. Clock and communication performance of the Ncube and Intel hypercubes are analysed, and performance of the synchronization algorithms is presented.
Feminism: a path to clinical knowledge development (1997)

Nurses are under increasing pressure to defend the efficacy, value and cost benefits of professional nursing care. Now more than ever, there is a need for nurses to undertake quality clinical research, through which practice may be shaped and guided. Feminist theory can provide a lens through which nurses may explore clinical issues. It also provides a framework by which socially constructed differences, such as gender and culture, may be incorporated into the design of clinical research projects. Because feminism is an openly political and transformative process, feminist concepts are suitable for use where the aim of the research is to catalyse practice change. This paper explores the use of feminism as a theoretical framework for nursing research.
Observation of 4.2 equilibrium noise squeezing via a Josephson-parametric amplifier (1989)

The authors observed the squeezing of 4.2 K thermal noise using a Josephson parametric amplifier operated in the degenerate mode at 19.4 GHz. A 42% reduction in the equilibrium noise was observed. The amplifier has also been operated at 0.1 K with an excess noise of 0.28 K referred to the amplifier's input port. This is less than the vacuum fluctuation noise of 0.47 K at the amplifier's input. Recently the amplifier has been operated in a nonchaotic mode with a signal gain in excess of 16 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent innovations in barrier technologies for plastic packaging—a review (2003)

Abstract The barrier solutions presently available on the market all have their drawbacks, e.g. cost, water‐sensitivity, opacity or perceived environmental bad‐will. At the same time there is a trend to use more plastic‐based packaging materials for different applications, e.g. as replacements for metal and glass containers. This situation has stimulated the industry to provide new, more efficient barrier solutions. The innovations go along five major lines: (a) thin, transparent vacuum‐deposited coatings; (b) new barrier polymers as discrete layers; (c) blends of barrier polymers and standard polymers; (d) organic barrier coatings; and (e) nanocomposite materials. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the different approaches, outlining the principle behind each barrier technology, its performance, its potential and the companies developing and producing the materials. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of mouse immunoglobulin gamma 2a and gamma 2b chain genes suggests that exons can be exchanged between genes in a multigenic family. (1981)

A 23-kilobase EcoRI DNA fragment coding for the BALB/c immunoglobulin gamma 2a chain was cloned from mouse embryo DNA in the cosmid pJC74, and a nucleotide sequence of 1904 bases was determined for the entire constant region (CH1, CH2, and CH3), the three intervening sequences (IVS 1, IVS 2, and IVS 3) and the 5' and 3' flanking sequences. When the gamma 2a chain nucleotide sequence was compared with the gamma 2b chain nucleotide sequence, the percent homology of corresponding segments (excluding deletion and insertion) was 82% for the 5' flanking sequence, 87% for CH1, 84% for IVS 1, 96% for the hinge, 95% for IVS 2, 94.6% for CH2, 86% for IVS 3, 74% for CH3, 89% for the 3' untranslated region, and 92% for the 3' flanking region. These findings show that different domains of gamma 2a and gamma 2b have independent rates of evolution and that some of the noncoding segments of the gene are more conserved than are adjacent coding segments. Hypotheses on the possible role of IVS is gene evolution and expression are discussed.
Regulation of receptors and digestive activity toward synthesized formyl-chemotactic peptide in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1985)

A receptor binding and digestive activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) toward formyl-methionyl-leucyl-[3H]phenylalanine (3H- FMLP) was examined with the following results: Up- and down-regulation and recovery of 3H-FMLP binding activity were demonstrated. Both intact PMN and a lysate prepared from them cleaved the carboxyl terminal amino acid (phenylalanine) of 3H-FMLP. The digestive activity decreased as the receptor binding was inhibited by n-ethylmaleimide and 4- chloromercuribenzoate. Little digestive activity was found in the supernatant from PMN stimulated by FMLP. The released phenylalanine was found in the pellet and supernatant of PMNs. Digestive activity with cathepsin A-like characteristics was found in the lysate of PMN. These observations suggest that FMLP is internalized in lysosomes in a receptor-mediated manner and cleaved by the cathepsin A-like enzyme, the free phenylalanine is released extracellularly, and a part of the dissociated receptors with FMLP may return to the surface or to an intracellular receptor pool. Another finding was that the digestive activity of the lysate of cord blood granulocytes was decreased compared with that of adult blood granulocytes. This decrease may explain in part the impaired chemotaxis of cord blood granulocytes.