gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Torque production in permanent-magnet synchronous motors (1989)

An analytical method was developed to determine cogging as well as commutating torque in permanent-magnet machines of both buried and surface-mounted magnet types. A detailed analysis of the torque production in a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with rectangular current excitation is presented. The effect of skewing is considered. The proposed method takes advantage of the knowledge of the flux density distribution in the air gap as a function of design parameters. The equations can be programmed easily and are very useful for parametric studies and optimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tissue sites of degradation of native and reductively methylated [14C]sucrose-labeled low density lipoprotein in rats. Contribution of receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways. (1982)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is catabolized by both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways; methylated LDL (MeLDL) is catabolized only by receptor-independent mechanisms. Rats were injected with either LDL or MeLDL labeled with [14C]sucrose and the tissue sites of degradation were determined 24 h later. On degradation, the 14C-labeled ligand remains trapped intracellularly as a cumulative measure of degradation. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of [14C]sucrose-MeLDL was lower than that of [14C]sucrose-LDL (0.056 +/- 0.015 versus 0.118 +/- 0.025 h-1, p less than 0.01). Liver was the predominant site of catabolism of both LDL and MeLDL; more than 85% of catabolism was attributable to parenchymal cells in both cases. The fraction of the plasma LDL pool "cleared" per tissue weight per unit of time was determined for individual tissues. The differences in these rates for LDL and MeLDL are an approximation of receptor-mediated uptake of LDL. According to this method, 67.4% of hepatic uptake was attributable to receptors, as was 69.5% of adrenal, 65.4% of ovarian, 52.4% of intestinal, and 44.2% of renal uptake. In other studies, rats were continuously infused with LDL to down-regulate and saturate receptor prior to injection of labeled LDL or MeLDL. Rats infused with LDL exhibited a lower FCR for [14C]sucrose-LDL compared to controls (0.077 versus 0.120 h-1); the FCR for sucrose-MeLDL was unchanged by LDL infusion. The fractional degradation rate of [14C]sucrose-LDL by individual tissues was lowered by LDL infusion in liver, adrenal, ovary, and intestine (41.4, 57.3, 23.1, and 32.4% lower than controls, respectively). The determination of receptor dependency by this independent approach supports the conclusions reached using [14C]sucrose-LDL and [14C]sucrose-MeLDL in normolipemic animals.
Evaluation of analytical methods used for regulation of foods and drugs (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of analytical methods used for regulation of foods and drugsWilliam. HorwitzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 1, 67–76Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00238a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00238a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3010Altmetric-Citations300LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved Prediction of Reservoir Behavior Through Integration of Quantitative Geological and Petrophysical Data (1999)

Summary This paper presents a cost effective, quantitative methodology for reservoir characterization that results in improved prediction of permeability, production and injection behavior during primary and enhanced recovery operations. The method is based fundamentally on the identification of rock types (intervals of rock with unique pore geometry). This approach uses image analysis of core material to quantitatively identify various pore geometries. When combined with more traditional petrophysical measurements, such as porosity, permeability and capillary pressure, intervals of rock with various pore geometries (rock types) can be recognized from conventional wireline logs in noncored wells or intervals. This allows for calculation of rock type and improved estimation of permeability and saturation. Based on geological input, the reservoirs can then be divided into flow units (hydrodynamically continuous layers) and grid blocks for simulation. Results are presented of detailed studies in two, distinctly different, complex reservoirs: a low porosity carbonate reservoir and a high porosity sandstone reservoir. When combined with production data, the improved characterization and predictability of performance obtained using this unique technique have provided a means of targeting the highest quality development drilling locations, improving pattern design, rapidly recognizing conformance and formation damage problems, identifying bypassed pay intervals, and improving assessments of present and future value.
<i>In vitro</i>activity of<i>Bacillus firmus</i>against the burrowing nematode<i>Radopholus similis</i>, the root-knot nematode<i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>and the stem nematode<i>Ditylenchus dipsaci</i> (2008)

Abstract Antagonistic bacteria have been repeatedly shown to be promising microorganisms for the biological control of sedentary and migratory endoparasitic nematodes. Depending on the bacteria involved, the mechanisms of action include: obligate parasitism, reduction in penetration, growth inhibition due to competition for nutrients and antibiosis associated with bioactive metabolites. In the present studies, the mode of action of the antagonist bacteria Bacillus firmus, isolated from a bionematicide, was evaluated. Significant rates of paralysis and mortality were detected after incubation of three nematode species in low concentrations of the pure culture filtrates following removal of the bacterial cells. The same culture filtrates also significantly reduced hatching of Meloidogyne incognita. Pure bacterial cell suspensions added to sand also reduced survival of R. similis in bioassays by 41% over the controls. The mode-of-action responsible for nematode paralysis and mortality was therefore demonstrated to be closely associated with the production of bioactive compounds secondary metabolites by the bacteria.
Self-Assembled Nano-Bioreactor from Block Ionomers with Elevated and Stabilized Enzymatic Function (2007)

Core-cross-linked polyion complex (PIC) micelles entrapping trypsin in the core were prepared by mixing trypsin and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(alpha,beta-aspartic acid) in aqueous medium, followed by the introduction of glutaraldehyde cross-linkages. Trypsin incorporated into the core-cross-linked micelles showed high storage stabilities, and the initial enzymatic activity of trypsin was maintained even after standing for one week at ambient temperature. Further, stable compartmentalization of trypsin into the core-cross-linked micelles led to a unique modulation in the enzymatic functions including an improved thermal tolerability with an increased maximum reaction rate compared to native trypsin.
Frame-based elastic models (2011)

We present a new type of deformable model which combines the realism of physically-based continuum mechanics models and the usability of frame-based skinning methods. The degrees of freedom are coordinate frames. In contrast with traditional skinning, frame positions are not scripted but move in reaction to internal body forces. The displacement field is smoothly interpolated using dual quaternion blending. The deformation gradient and its derivatives are computed at each sample point of a deformed object and used in the equations of Lagrangian mechanics to achieve physical realism. This allows easy and very intuitive definition of the degrees of freedom of the deformable object. The meshless discretization allows on-the-fly insertion of frames to create local deformations where needed. We formulate the dynamics of these models in detail and describe some precomputations that can be used for speed. We show that our method is effective for behaviors ranging from simple unimodal deformations to complex realistic deformations comparable with Finite Element simulations. To encourage its use, the software will be freely available in the simulation platform SOFA.
The optimization of profiled diffusers (1995)

Methods have been developed to produce profiled diffusers that create a large amount of diffusion. The methods are iterative and required the development of a new parameter to measure diffusion. Achieving scattering independent of angle has been attempted over a wide bandwidth. The methods are also applicable to other diffusion criteria. The diffusers consists of a series of wells of the same width but of different depths similar to Schroeder diffusers. Applications include concert halls, theatres, and studio monitor rooms. The new diffusers have been shown to create better, more uniform diffusion than the previous designs of Schroeder. This is due to the new designs being reliant on accurate boundary element prediction methods rather than more approximate techniques.
Deterministic modelling of integrated urban drainage systems (2002)

Today, the main concepts required for describing the dynamics of drainage in an entire urban area are known and models are available that can reasonably simulate the behaviour of the urban water system. Still, such integrated modelling is a complex exercise not only due to the sheer size of the model, but also due to the different modelling approaches that reflect the history of the sub-models used and of the purpose they were built for. The paper reviews the state of the art in deterministic modelling, outlines experiences and discusses problems and future developments.
When Public Institutions Fail: Coping with Dysfunctional Government in Post-Soviet Russia (2004)

Americans take for granted that public institutions such as schools and courts will function in an effective, predictable fashion. Contemporary Russia shows what happens when they do not. People's lives are thrown into turmoil, and how they cope can become part of the problem.
Computers with brains: new systems find uses in drilling, production (1986)

The knowledge and thought processes of acknowledged human experts, coupled with specially designed hardware and software make the expert system one of industry's foremost problem-solving computers. The uses of expert systems in petroleum applications are reviewed.
Securing the Internet of Things: A Standardization Perspective (2014)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next wave of innovation that promises to improve and optimize our daily life based on intelligent sensors and smart objects working together. Through Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, devices can now be connected to the Internet, thus allowing them to be read, controlled, and managed at any time and at any place. Security is an important aspect for IoT deployments. However, proprietary security solutions do not help in formulating a coherent security vision to enable IoT devices to securely communicate with each other in an interoperable manner. This paper gives an overview of the efforts in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to standardize security solutions for the IoT ecosystem. We first provide an in-depth review of the communication security solutions for IoT, specifically the standard security protocols to be used in conjunction with the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), an application protocol specifically tailored to the needs of adapting to the constraints of IoT devices. Since Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) has been chosen as the channel security underneath CoAP, this paper also discusses the latest standardization efforts to adapt and enhance the DTLS for IoT applications. This includes the use of 1) raw public key in DTLS; 2) extending DTLS record Layer to protect group (multicast) communication; and 3) profiling DTLS for reducing the size and complexity of implementations on embedded devices. We also provide an extensive review of compression schemes that are being proposed in IETF to mitigate message fragmentation issues in DTLS.
Microscopic neuroanatomic abnormalities in autism. (1991)

Since its initial description in 1943,1 autism has been primarily conceptualized as a behavioral disorder, and for many years it was believed to be the result of parental and environmental influences. With heightened clinical interest in the disorder, coincident with advances in medical technology, however, evidence for an underlying neurologic basis for autism has become increasingly apparent. HISTORICAL NEUROPATHOLOGIC PERSPECTIVE Based largely on the constellation of symptoms that characterize the disorder, various anatomical sites within the brain have been suggested as a possible primary source of pathology in autism. Suspected regions have included the medial temporal lobe,2-5 the thalamic nuclei,6 the basal ganglia,7 and the vestibular system.8 Computed tomographic imaging studies have shown inconsistent findings.9-14 More recently, however, magnetic resonance imaging studies have described abnormalities in portions of the cerebellum and posterior fossa.15-17 Direct microscopic examination of the autistic brain has, until recently, yielded little information. Aarkrog18 reported thickening of the arterioles, slight connective tissue in the leptomeninges, and some cell increase in a frontal lobe biopsy performed on an autistic patient. Later, in 1976, 33 cases of childhood psychosis were reviewed by Darby.19 Although he suggested a possible correlation between limbic system lesions and the affective symptomatology of autism, no consistent neuropathologic findings were found. In 1980, Williams et al20 studied sections of brain from four patients with autistic-like behavior; looking primarily for cell loss and gliosis, they failed to find any consistent abnormalities. MICROSCOPIC NEUROANATOMIC OBSERVATIONS In 1984, anatomic abnormalities were reported in the brain of a 29-year-old man with well-documented autism; the technique of whole brain serial section was used, and the patient was studied in comparison with an identically processed age- and sex-matched control subject.21,22
Sleep during the Antarctic winter: preliminary observations on changing the spectral composition of artificial light (2008)

Antarctic Base personnel live for 3 months in winter with no natural sunlight. This project compared sleep, by actigraphy, during periods of increased exposure to white light or blue enriched light in 2003. The primary aim was to help define the optimum spectral composition and intensity of artificial environmental light. Nine men and one woman (33 +/- 7 years, mean +/- SD), wore activity and light monitors continuously from 28.2 to 9.10, and kept sleep diaries. Extra light was provided by light boxes (standard white, 5300 K, or prototype blue enriched, 10,000 K, Philips Lighting), which were turned on in bedrooms and in communal/work areas approximately 08.00-18.00 hours. After a no-treatment control period, 28.2-20.3, sequential 4-5 week periods of first white, then blue light, were imposed with a further control period 19.9-9.10. A limited baseline study in 2002 (no interventions) similarly measured light and activity in seven men and one woman (30 +/- 7 years). Daily light exposure in winter (lux, mean +/- SD) was doubled in 2003 (maximum 1039 +/- 281, average 64 +/- 21), compared to 2002 (572 +/- 276 and 30 +/- 11), P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, with no differences between white and blue light. There were no major differences in sleep between light conditions in 2003. A delay in sleep timing was found in midwinter compared to control (2003, bedtime, P < 0.05, sleep start, P < 0.05, sleep end, P < 0.01) and sleep fragmentation increased (P < 0.05). Sleep efficiency was slightly higher during all blue light periods compared to all white periods (P < 0.05). The use of higher intensity light of suitable spectral composition is proposed.
Marketing as Multiplex: Screening Postmodernism (1994)

Marketing academics have recently been exhorted to embrace postmodernism, the so‐called “new perspective on life and the human condition that is sweeping across the globe”. Using postmodernism′s own tools of playfulness, paradox and irreverence – in the shape of the multiplex cinema as a metaphor for marketing – attempts to clarify some of the confusion surrounding postmodernism. Argues that much of what passes for postmodern marketing, is not, and draws attention to several shortcomings in the postmodernist position. Concludes that, although the concept has much to contribute to marketing discourse, the adoption of postmodern perspectives is not without penalty.
The Oxidation of Bituminous Coal. 3. Effect on Caking Properties (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Oxidation of Bituminous Coal. 3. Effect on Caking PropertiesA. Y. Kam, A. N. Hixson, and D. D. PerimutterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1976, 15, 3, 416–422Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260059a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i260059a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Deficient Fas ligand expression by synovial lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1997)

There is ineffective clearance of activated cells in the RA joint due to deficient expression of the Fas ligand.
Training a Large Scale Classifier with the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm (2009)

In a previous publication we proposed discrete global optimization as a method to train a strong binary classifier constructed as a thresholded sum over weak classifiers. Our motivation was to cast the training of a classifier into a format amenable to solution by the quantum adiabatic algorithm. Applying adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) promises to yield solutions that are superior to those which can be achieved with classical heuristic solvers. Interestingly we found that by using heuristic solvers to obtain approximate solutions we could already gain an advantage over the standard method AdaBoost. In this communication we generalize the baseline method to large scale classifier training. By large scale we mean that either the cardinality of the dictionary of candidate weak classifiers or the number of weak learners used in the strong classifier exceed the number of variables that can be handled effectively in a single global optimization. For such situations we propose an iterative and piecewise approach in which a subset of weak classifiers is selected in each iteration via global optimization. The strong classifier is then constructed by concatenating the subsets of weak classifiers. We show in numerical studies that the generalized method again successfully competes with AdaBoost. We also provide theoretical arguments as to why the proposed optimization method, which does not only minimize the empirical loss but also adds L0-norm regularization, is superior to versions of boosting that only minimize the empirical loss. By conducting a Quantum Monte Carlo simulation we gather evidence that the quantum adiabatic algorithm is able to handle a generic training problem efficiently.
Induced superconductivity in high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in gallium arsenide heterostructures (2015)

Search for Majorana fermions renewed interest in semiconductor-superconductor interfaces, while a quest for higher-order non-Abelian excitations demands formation of superconducting contacts to materials with fractionalized excitations, such as a two-dimensional electron gas in a fractional quantum Hall regime. Here we report induced superconductivity in high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in gallium arsenide heterostructures and development of highly transparent semiconductor-superconductor ohmic contacts. Supercurrent with characteristic temperature dependence of a ballistic junction has been observed across 0.6 μm, a regime previously achieved only in point contacts but essential to the formation of well separated non-Abelian states. High critical fields (>16 T) in NbN contacts enables investigation of an interplay between superconductivity and strongly correlated states in a two-dimensional electron gas at high magnetic fields.
Retelling, Memory-Work, and Metanarrative: Two Musical-Artistic Mediations for Sexual Minorities and Majorities in Tokyo (2014)

Music is not only something to play, but it is also a way to produce a new sharable metanarrative through musical practice, which could represent a renewed set of social values in which people of diverse backgrounds are appreciated. The present paper explores this aspect of music, examining two musical activities held in Tokyo, Japan. One is Prelude, an annual music festival for music circles of sexual minorities and their supporters, and the other is Living Together Lounge, a monthly club event for those who are both HIV-positive and negative. These activities aim to create community empowerment and social transformation among minority and majority groups. While those involved are aware of musical aspects being an integral part of the events, the ways in which music plays a central role has not been well articulated. This is partly because the declared mission of each event has no overt connection to music, but more significantly because there has been no proper way, either commonly or academically, available to describe what is happening performatively in the practices of these events. The present study thus attempts to examine the unuttered aspects of these practices through ethnographic and interdisciplinary investigations. It reveals that the musical practices with various artistic engagements represent tangible memory-work in which participants are enabled to retell existing musical works in their own ways, producing a new sharable metanarrative and acquiring an acknowledgement of the retelling in public. Creating this musico-ritualistic practice is itself a work of art, which eventually becomes a life resource for those who take part in the events and a means of transforming a social situtation of conflict.