gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allocating Services to Applications using Markov Decision Processes (2007)

In this paper, we outline the problem of allocating instances of services to different applications. We study a simple form of this problem with three types of services and two classes of applications. We address the problem when all instances of services have the same QoS parameters and when they have different QoS parameters. The objective of our problem is to find an optimal policy for accepting requests for each class of application, to maximize the utilization of available instances of services. To do so, we used Markov decision processes and we computed the optimal policy for our problem. Also, we compared the performance of this optimal policy with complete sharing and complete partitioning methods. The results show that using Markov decision processes we can obtain an optimal policy for allocating services to applications which outperforms the other two methods.
Treatment of Spinal-Cord Injury (1990)

To have an intact brain and intact sensation and function about the head, neck, and shoulders, yet to lack basic hand skills and locomotion is indeed a tragic disability. If there is also loss of bowel and bladder control, the problem seems overwhelming. Just over 50 years ago, traumatic quadriplegia was lethal in 60 to 80 percent of cases.1 With improved medical and surgical care and effective modern rehabilitation, men and women with spinal injury now usually live. Even the bowel, bladder, and cardiovascular problems that result from spinal injury can be managed. Mortality from spinal injury dropped from 30 . . .
Inhibition of superoxide anion and elastase release in human neutrophils by 3′‐isopropoxychalcone<i>via</i>a cAMP‐dependent pathway (2006)

1 Chalcone is abundantly present in the plant kingdom and has various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In this study, the semisynthetic chalcone derivative, 3'-isopropoxychalcone (H2O7D), was demonstrated to inhibit the generation of superoxide and the release of elastase, as well as to accelerate resequestration of cytosolic calcium in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine-activated human neutrophils. 2 H2O7D displayed no antioxidant or superoxide-scavenging ability, and it failed to alter the subcellular NADPH oxidase activity. 3 H2O7D induced a substantial increase in cAMP but not cGMP levels. The elevation of cAMP formation by H2O7D was inhibited by adenosine deaminase (ADA). Furthermore, The inhibitory effects of H2O7D were reversed by protein kinase (PK)A inhibitors, as well as ADA and a selective A2a-receptor antagonist. 4 H2O7D inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities, but it did not alter adenylyl cyclase and soluble guanylyl cyclase activities. These results show that the cAMP-elevating effect of H2O7D results from the inhibition of PDE activity and not from the stimulation of cyclase function. Consistent with this, H2O7D potentiated the PGE(1)-caused inhibitory effects and cAMP formation. 5 In summary, these results indicate that the inhibitory effect of H2O7D is cAMP/PKA dependent, and that it occurs through inhibition of cAMP PDE, which potentiates the autocrine functions of endogenous adenosine. Inhibition of respiratory burst and degranulation in human neutrophils may give this drug the potential to protect against the progression of inflammation.
RESEARCHES ON PYRIMIDINES. LXXIV. SYNTHESIS OF 4-PHENYLCYTOSINE. (1915)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRESEARCHES ON PYRIMIDINES. LXXIV. SYNTHESIS OF 4-PHENYLCYTOSINE.Treat B. Johnson and E. Heaton HemingwayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1915, 37, 2, 378–383Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1915Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1915https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02271a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02271a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Translation from Petri nets into Boolean equations for the algebraic design of logic controllers (2011)

This paper addresses the dependable design of logic controllers from the specifications given at high level of abstraction; in particular an algebraic synthesis method of controllers that processes a set of Boolean equations is adopted. The paper focuses on the automated translation of interpreted Petri net models into sets of Boolean equations as it is required by the synthesis method. An efficient translation algorithm is proposed and a software tool developed for automating the translation task.
Molecular Machines for Protein Degradation (2005)

One of the most precisely regulated processes in living cells is intracellular protein degradation. The main component of the degradation machinery is the 20S proteasome present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In addition, there exist other proteasome-related protein-degradation machineries, like HslVU in eubacteria. Peptides generated by proteasomes and related systems can be used by the cell, for example, for antigen presentation. However, most of the peptides must be degraded to single amino acids, which are further used in cell metabolism and for the synthesis of new proteins. Tricorn protease and its interacting factors are working downstream of the proteasome and process the peptides into amino acids. Here, we summarise the current state of knowledge about protein-degradation systems, focusing in particular on the proteasome, HslVU, Tricorn protease and its interacting factors and DegP. The structural information about these protein complexes opens new possibilities for identifying, characterising and elucidating the mode of action of natural and synthetic inhibitors, which affects their function. Some of these compounds may find therapeutic applications in contemporary medicine.
Volume Manipulations for Simulating Bone and Joint Surgery (2005)

Bone and joint surgery is widely used in orthopedic, oral, and maxillofacial, and dental and plasty departments to correct bone and joint pathology such as bone and joint tumors and fractures, and skeletal morphological deformities. This article presents a voxel structure to represent topologically and geometrically correct surfaces and algorithms to accurately compute intersections of tool swept surfaces with bones based on this voxel structure. This article then presents various volume manipulation algorithms to operate on virtual bones, bone grafts, and prostheses for bone and joint surgery simulations. A complicated knee arthroplasty illustrates the practicality and versatility of the proposed method.
Mcg in 2030: new techniques for atomic position determination of immune complexes (2002)

The lambda-type light chain dimer from a patient (Mcg) with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis was a pioneer protein for determining the three-dimensional structures of immunoglobulins, understanding the effects of ligand binding, and exploring the use of combinatorial methods to identify novel peptides complementary to protein active sites. Despite 30 years of intense study, there are still unanswered questions about the structure of the Mcg dimer, especially with respect to positions of hydrogen atoms and solvent molecules. In the present report, we describe two techniques that will help define the roles of solvent in ligand interactions and complex formation with this immunoglobulin fragment: (1) introduction of helium as a cryogenic agent during X-ray data collection; and (2) addition of neutron diffraction analyses. These techniques should provide improved resolution, and a more accurate structure of the Mcg dimer. Resolution enhancements of 0.5 A have been achieved in preliminary experiments with cryogenic helium, as compared with the best X-ray diffraction data obtained previously. In the near future, neutron diffraction studies should produce the first hydrogen structure for the Mcg dimer and help elucidate the ligand preferences and amyloidogenic properties of this eminently useful protein.
Binding domains of stimulatory and inhibitory thyrotropin (TSH) receptor autoantibodies determined with chimeric TSH-lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin receptors. (1991)

We examined the relative effects of thyrotropin (TSH) and TSH receptor autoantibodies in the sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease on three TSH-lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor extracellular domain chimeras. Each chimera binds TSH with high affinity. Only the chimera with TSH receptor extracellular domains ABC (amino acids 1-260) had a functional (cAMP) response to thyroid stimulatory IgG. The chimeras with TSH receptor domains CD (amino acids 171-360) and DE (amino acids 261-418) were unresponsive. The lack of response of the chimera with TSH receptor domains DE was anticipated because it fails to transduce a signal with TSH stimulation, unlike the other two chimeras. A different spectrum of responses occurred when the TSH-LH/CG chimeras were examined in terms of autoantibody competition for TSH binding. IgG with TSH binding-inhibitory activity when tested with the wild-type TSH receptor also inhibited TSH binding to the chimera with TSH receptor domains DE. Dramatically, however, these IgG did not inhibit TSH binding to the chimera with TSH receptor domains CD, and had weak or absent activity with the chimera with TSH receptor domains ABC. Chimeras with TSH receptor domains ABC and DE were equally effective in affinity-purifying IgG with thyroid-stimulatory and TSH binding-inhibitory activities. Nonstimulatory IgG with TSH binding-inhibitory activity inhibited the action of stimulatory IgG on the wild-type TSH receptor, but not with the chimera containing TSH receptor domains ABC. In summary, TSH receptor autoantibodies and TSH bind to regions in both domains ABC and DE of the TSH receptor extracellular region. Stimulatory and inhibitory TSH receptor autoantibodies, as well as TSH, appear to bind to different sites in domains ABC, but similar sites in domains DE, of the receptor. Alternatively, TSH and the different TSH receptor antibodies bind with differing affinities to the same site in the ABC region.
Swept Volume approximation of polygon soups (2007)

We present a fast GPU-based algorithm to approximate the swept volume (SV) boundary of arbitrary polygon soup models. Despite the extensive research on calculating the volume swept by an object along a trajectory, the efficient algorithms described have imposed constraints on both the trajectories and geometric models. By proposing a general algorithm that handles flat surfaces as well as volumes and disconnected objects, we allow SV calculation without resorting to pre-processing mesh repair. This is of particular interest in the domain of product lifecycle management (PLM), which deals with industrial computer aided design (CAD) models that are malformed more often than not. We incorporate the bounded distance operator used in path planning to efficiently sample the trajectory while controlling the total error. We develop a triangulation scheme that draws on the unique data set created by an advancing front level-set method to tessellate the SV boundary in linear time. We analyze its performance, and demonstrate its effectiveness both theoretically and on real cases taken from PLM.
USP7 deubiquitinase controls HIV-1 production by stabilizing Tat protein (2017)

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are key regulators of complex cellular processes. HIV-1 Tat is synthesized early after infection and is mainly responsible for enhancing viral production. Here, we report that one of the DUBs, USP7, stabilized the HIV-1 Tat protein through its deubiquitination. Treatment with either a general DUB inhibitor (PR-619) or USP7-specific inhibitor (P5091) resulted in Tat protein degradation. The USP7-specific inhibitor reduced virus production in a latently infected T-lymphocytic cell line J1.1, which produces large amounts of HIV-1 upon stimulation. A potent increase in Tat-mediated HIV-1 production was observed with USP7 in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, deletion of the USP7 gene using the CRISPR-Cas9 method reduced the Tat protein and supported less virus production. Interestingly, the levels of endogenous USP7 increased after HIV-1 infection in human T-cells (MOLT-3) and in mammalian cells transfected with HIV-1 proviral DNA. Thus, HIV-1 Tat is stabilized by the host cell deubiquitinase USP7, leading to enhanced viral production, and HIV-1 in turn up-regulates the USP7 protein level.
A haptic base human robot interaction approach for robotic grit blasting (2008)

This paper proposes a remote operation method for a robot arm in a complex environment by using the Virtual Force (VF) based approach. A virtual robot arm is manipulated by a steering force, at the end-effecter, which is generated according to the movement of a feedback haptic. A three-dimensional force field (3D-F 2 ) is employed in collision detection and avoidance. Repulsive forces from the 3D-F 2 are produced and feedback to the haptic device that enables the operator to have a sense of touch on the encountered obstacle and then steer the arm to avoid it. As a result, collision-free poses of the virtual robot arm can then be used to command the real robot. Experiments are conducted in a mock up bridge environment where the real robot arm is steered to target points by the operator. Experiment results have shown successful collision avoidance and emulation of the actual command force and the virtual forces in remote operations.
Effect of Peracetic Acid Reprocessing on the Transport Characteristics of Polysulfone Hemodialyzers (2005)

Peracetic acid is used extensively for reprocessing hemodialyzers, despite several indications that reprocessing alters the dialyzer transport characteristics. The objective of this study was to obtain quantitative data for the effects of peracetic acid reprocessing on the clearance and sieving coefficients of urea, vitamin B12, and polydisperse dextrans using Fresenius F80A polysulfone dialyzers. Reprocessing restored the urea and vitamin B12 clearance to close to their original values. However, the reprocessed dialyzers had substantially lower clearance of the larger molecular weight dextrans, which was attributed to reductions in the effective pore size caused by residual plasma proteins within the membrane. Storage in peracetic acid provided some additional removal of residual proteins, although the clearance and sieving coefficients of the larger dextrans remained well below their original values. Peracetic acid caused no degradation of the membrane polymer, in sharp contrast to results obtained with bleach reprocessing.
Ivabradine - the first selective sinus node If channel inhibitor in the treatment of stable angina (2006)

Heart rate, a major determinant of angina in coronary disease, is also an important predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Lowering heart rate is therefore one of the most important therapeutic approaches in the treatment of stable angina pectoris. To date, beta-blockers and some calcium-channel antagonists reduce heart rate, but their use may be limited by adverse reactions or contraindications. Heart rate is determined by spontaneous electrical pacemaker activity in the sinoatrial node controlled by the I(f) current. Ivabradine is the first specific heart rate-lowering agent that has completed clinical development for stable angina pectoris. It is selective for the I(f) current, lowering heart rate at concentrations that do not affect other cardiac ionic currents. Specific heart-rate lowering with ivabradine reduces myocardial oxygen demand, simultaneously improving oxygen supply. Ivabradine has no negative inotropic or lusitropic effects, preserving ventricular contractility, and does not change any major electrophysiological parameters unrelated to heart rate. Randomised clinical studies in patients with stable angina show that ivabradine effectively reduces heart rate, improves exercise capacity and reduces the number of angina attacks. It has superior anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic activity to placebo and is non-inferior to atenolol and amlodipine. Ivabradine therefore offers a valuable approach to lowering heart rate exclusively and provides an attractive alternative to conventional treatment for a wide range of patients with confirmed stable angina.
Directory-enabled network management framework for battlefield networks (2003)

While the emerging CORBA technology holds many desirable characteristics of a distributed object system it is equally attractive as a platform for integrating different systems that will co-exist in the battlefield networks. In this paper, we investigate a framework that integrates emerging Java and directory service technologies with the CORBA based network management system to provide directory service enabled network management (DEMAN) capability. It is envisioned that this framework will enable DEMAN capability to be made available sooner (by using more matured technologies) and cover a wider portion of the battlefield network (by including Java-capable network elements).
Early-Onset and Robust Amyloid Pathology in a New Homozygous Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

ARTE10 mice develop a cerebral beta-amyloidosis closely resembling the beta-amyloid-related aspects of human AD neuropathology. Unifying several advantages of previous transgenic models, this line particularly qualifies for the use in target validation and for evaluating potential diagnostic or therapeutic agents targeting the amyloid pathology of AD.
Reconfiguring Boundary Relations: Robotic Innovations in Pharmacy Work (2011)

Robotics is a rapidly expanding area of digital innovation with important implications for organizational practice in multioccupational settings. This paper explores the influence of robotic innovations on the boundary dynamics of three different occupational groups—pharmacists, technicians, and assistants—working in a hospital pharmacy. We extend Pickering's tuning approach [Pickering, A. 1995. The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science. University of Chicago Press, Chicago] to examine the temporally emergent process that entangled the mechanical elements and digital inscriptions of a dispensing robot with the everyday practices of hospital pharmacy work. We found that engagement with the robot's hybrid and dynamic materiality over time reconfigured boundary relations among the three occupational groups, with important and contradictory consequences for the pharmacy workers' skills, jurisdictions, status, and visibility.
Fractionation of Peace River Bitumen Using Supercritical Ethane and Carbon Dioxide (2000)

The purpose of this work was to provide valuable data for the use of supercritical fluids in both surface and in situ bitumen and heavy oil recovery operations. Experiments were conducted using a semibatch extractor packed with a mixture of bitumen and sand, and the experiments were performed such that thermodynamic equilibrium governed the extraction process. Experimental temperatures and pressures were varied in order to observe their impact on the ability of supercritical ethane and carbon dioxide to recover oil from the bitumen−sand mixture. The results showed that ethane consistently outperformed carbon dioxide in terms of its ability to extract oil from the bitumen−sand mixture. In all cases, supercritical ethane produced yields that were much greater than those obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide. Analysis of the extracted material revealed that the bitumen extracted using ethane was much heavier and contained a wider range of hydrocarbons.
A novel root-index based prioritized random access scheme for 5G cellular networks (2015)

Cellular networks will play an important role in realizing the newly emerging Internet-of-Everything (IoE). One of the challenging issues is to support the quality of service (QoS) during the access phase, while accommodating a massive number of machine nodes. In this paper, we show a new paradigm of multiple access priorities in random access (RA) procedure and propose a novel root-index based prioritized random access (RIPRA) scheme that implicitly embeds the access priority in the root index of the RA preambles. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed RIPRA scheme can successfully support differentiated performance for different access priority levels, even though there exist a massive number of machine nodes.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (2007)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a 20-year-old technique originally introduced to noninvasively investigate nervous propagation along the corticospinal tract, spinal roots, and peripheral nerves in humans. TMS is extensively used in clinical neurophysiology, including rehabilitation and intraoperative monitoring. Single-pulse TMS and other more recent versions (paired-pulse TMS, repetitive TMS, integration with structural and functional MRI, and neuronavigation) allow motor output to be mapped precisely to a given body district. Moreover, TMS can be used to evaluate excitatory/inhibitory intracortical circuits and to provide information on brain physiology and pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric diseases as well as on the mechanisms of brain plasticity and of neuroactive drugs. TMS applied over nonmotor areas made it possible to extend research applications (often complementary with other functional neuroimaging techniques) in several fields of psychophysiology, causally testing brain-behavior relationships. Being able to induce relatively long-lasting excitability changes, repetitive TMS has made the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases linked with brain excitability dysfunctions possible. These uses, however, warrant further large-scale studies. In emerging fields of research, TMS-EEG co-registration is considered a promising approach to evaluate corticocortical connectivity and brain reactivity with high temporal resolution. However, safety and ethical limitations of TMS technique need a high level of vigilance.
Vases recently acquired by the British Museum (1911)

This paper is in continuation of one which appeared in Vol. xviii, of the Journal (1898). It deals with the more interesting of the hitherto unpublished black-figured vases acquired by the British Museum during the last twelve years, to which are added two of later date. I hope in a future paper to publish on similar lines some of the red-figured vases and white lekythi acquired subsequently to the issue of the third volume of the Vase Catalogue in 1896.