gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive dynamic thermal management for multicore systems (2008)

Recently, processor power density has been increasing at an alarming rate resulting in high on-chip temperature. Higher temperature increases current leakage and causes poor reliability. In this paper, we propose a Predictive Dynamic Thermal Management (PDTM) based on Application-based Thermal Model (ABTM) and Core-based Thermal Model (CBTM) in the multicore systems. ABTM predicts future temperature based on the application specific thermal behavior, while CBTM estimates core temperature pattern by steady state temperature and workload. The accuracy of our prediction model is 1.6% error in average compared to the model in HybDTM [8], which has at most 5% error. Based on predicted temperature from ABTM and CBTM, the proposed PDTM can maintain the system temperature below a desired level by moving the running application from the possible overheated core to the future coolest core (migration) and reducing the processor resources (priority scheduling) within multicore systems. PDTM enables the exploration of the tradeoff between throughput and fairness in temperature-constrained multicore systems. We implement PDTM on Intel's Quad-Core system with a specific device driver to access Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS). Compared against Linux standard scheduler, PDTM can decrease average temperature about 10%, and peak temperature by 5°C with negligible impact of performance under 1%, while running single SPEC2006 benchmark. Moreover, our PDTM outperforms HRTM [10] in reducing average temperature by about 7% and peak temperature by about 3°C with performance overhead by 0.15% when running single benchmark.
Results from a phase 1 study of nusinersen (ISIS-SMN <sub>Rx</sub> ) in children with spinal muscular atrophy (2016)

Objective: To examine safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical efficacy of intrathecal nusinersen (previously ISIS-SMN Rx ), an antisense oligonucleotide designed to alter splicing of SMN2 mRNA, in patients with childhood spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
Cerebral preservation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1985)

Thirty-two dogs subjected to 4 min of ventricular fibrillation were equally divided into four treatment groups: (a) immediate defibrillation (control); or 30 min of (b) standard CPR (SCPR), (c) simultaneous ventilation-compression CPR (SVC-CPR), or (d) open-chest CPR (OCCPR). After 30 min of CPR, restoration of spontaneous circulation was attempted using drug therapy and countershocks and the animals maintained for 24 h or until refractory hypotension occurred. During CPR, OCCPR yielded higher mean arterial and lower central venous pressures than either external method. Circulation was restored in all control dogs, and by 24 h they had nearly normal neurologic deficit scores. In the SCPR group, the heart was restarted in six dogs. Five of these dogs had severe neurologic damage and did not survive 24 h. The animal that survived 24 h, however, was nearly normal neurologically. Although circulation was restored in five SVC-CPR dogs, all were brain-dead and none survived 24 h. In the OCCPR group, seven animals survived 24 h and their neurologic deficit scores were not significantly different from control values. We conclude that OCCPR is greatly superior to SCPR and SVC-CPR with respect to preservation of the brain during resuscitation.
Hardware accelerated rendering of CSG and transparency (1994)

This paper describes algorithms for implementing accurate rendering of CSG and transparency in a hardware 3D accelerator. The algorithms are based on a hardware architecture which performs front-to-back Z-sorted shading; a multiple-pass algorithm which allows an unlimited number of Z-sorted object layers is also described. The multiple-pass algorithm has been combined with an image partitioning algorithm to improve efficiency, and to improve performance of the resulting hardware implementation.
Differential Treatments Based on Drug-induced Gene Expression Signatures and Longitudinal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Stratification (2019)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease with unpredictable patterns of activity. Patients with similar activity levels may have different prognosis and molecular abnormalities. In this study, we aimed to measure the main differences in drug-induced gene expression signatures across SLE patients and to evaluate the potential for clinical data to build a machine learning classifier able to predict the SLE subset for individual patients. SLE transcriptomic data from two cohorts were compared with drug-induced gene signatures from the CLUE database to compute a connectivity score that reflects the capability of a drug to revert the patient signatures. Patient stratification based on drug connectivity scores revealed robust clusters of SLE patients identical to the clusters previously obtained through longitudinal gene expression data, implying that differential treatment depends on the cluster to which patients belongs. The best drug candidates found, mTOR inhibitors or those reducing oxidative stress, showed stronger cluster specificity. We report that drug patterns for reverting disease gene expression follow the cell-specificity of the disease clusters. We used 2 cohorts to train and test a logistic regression model that we employed to classify patients from 3 independent cohorts into the SLE subsets and provide a clinically useful model to predict subset assignment and drug efficacy.
Docetaxel-loaded PLGA and PLGA-PEG nanoparticles for intravenous application: pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profile (2017)

Docetaxel is a highly potent anticancer agent being used in a wide spectrum of cancer types. There are important matters of concern regarding the drug's pharmacokinetics related to the conventional formulation. Poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) (PLGA) is a biocompatible/biodegradable polymer with variable physicochemical characteristics, and its application in human has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. PLGA gives polymeric nanoparticles with unique drug delivery characteristics. The application of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) as intravenous (IV) sustained-release delivery vehicles for docetaxel can favorably modify pharmacokinetics, biofate, and pharmacotherapy of the drug in cancer patients. Surface modification of PLGA NPs with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can further enhance NPs' long-circulating properties. Herein, an optimized fabrication approach has been used for the preparation of PLGA and PLGA-PEG NPs loaded with docetaxel for IV application. Both types of NP formulations demonstrated in vitro characteristics that were considered suitable for IV administration (with long-circulating sustained-release purposes). NP formulations were IV administered to an animal model, and docetaxel's pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles were determined and compared between study groups. PLGA and PEGylated PLGA NPs were able to modify the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of docetaxel. Accordingly, the mode of changes made to pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of docetaxel is attributed to the size and surface properties of NPs. NPs contributed to increased blood residence time of docetaxel fulfilling their role as long-circulating sustained-release drug delivery systems. Surface modification of NPs contributed to more pronounced docetaxel blood concentration, which confirms the role of PEG in conferring long-circulation properties to NPs.
Modelling RF interference effects in integrated circuits (2002)

The disturbance effects in complex electronic systems, subjected to a high power microwave (HPM), continuous wave (CW) or pulse irradiation, show a conversion of the injected high frequency (HF) out-of-band signal to a low frequency (LF) inband signal. In this paper, a behavioural model is presented that combines HF and LF subcircuits to predict the effect of radio frequency interference (RFI) on linear integrated circuits. The model is constructed from detailed measurements and manufacturers' data, and can be used to determine the upset mechanism in analogue systems subjected to RFI.
Calibration method for the single RF channel digital beamforming antenna array (2011)

A calibration method is proposed for the single RF channel digital beamforming (DBF) Antenna Array. The on-line test of the θ/π phase shifters is carried out by using time sequence phase weighting (TSPW) technique based on the known incident plane wave. After errors of all the shifters being obtained, the complex distribution on the aperture could be corrected. The corrected data are then used to finally obtain the multi-beam patterns. The measured results validate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Analysis of spatial–temporal converters for all-optical communication links (1998)

We analyze parallel-to-serial transmitters and serial-to-parallel receivers that use ultrashort optical pulses to increase the bandwidth of a fiber-optic communication link. This method relies on real-time holographic material for conversion of information between spatial and temporal frequencies. The analysis reveals that the temporal output of the pulses will consist of chirped pulses, which has been verified experimentally. When the signal pulses are transmitted along with a reference pulse, the distortions of the received signal, caused by dispersion and other factors in the fiber, are canceled because of the phase-conjugation property of the receiver. This self-referencing scheme simplifies the receiver structure and ensures perfect timing for the serial-to-parallel conversion.
Evaluating Xen for Router Virtualization (2007)

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a software IP router forwarding plane inside the Xen virtual machine monitor environment with a view to identifying (some) design issues in Virtual Routers. To this end, we evaluate and compare the forwarding performance of two identical Linux software router configurations, run either above the Xen hypervisor or within vanilla Linux. Even with minimal sized packets, we show that the Xen DomO privileged domain offers near native forwarding performance at the condition that the sollicitation to unpriviledged domains stay minimal, whereas Xen unprivileged domains offer very poor performance in every cases. This shows that an important design principle for virtual router platforms must be to handle all forwarding, for all virtual routers, onto the same forwarding engine, in order to avoid much detrimental per-packet context switching.
The role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology. (2001)

This review focuses on current knowledge of leptin biology and the role of leptin in various physiological and pathophysiological states. Leptin is involved in the regulation of body weight. Serum leptin can probably be considered as one of the best biological markers reflecting total body fat in both animals and humans. Obesity in man is accompanied by increased circulating leptin concentrations. Gender differences clearly exist. Leptin is not only correlated to a series of endocrine parameters such as insulin, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, testosterone, but it also seems to be involved in mediating some endocrine mechanisms (onset of puberty, insulin secretion) and diseases (obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome). It has also been suggested that leptin can act as a growth factor in the fetus and the neonate.
Interaction of Basic Polyelectrolytes and Human Blood: The Effect of Antiheparin Agents (1966)

Two basic polyelectrolytes which function as antiheparin agents, protamine sulfate and Polybrene, were evaluated as to their effect on human blood. It was found that both drugs were potent agglutinins at concentrations as low as 0.01 mg/ml. The studies presented suggest that the erythrocyte functioning as a polyanion and serum components with negative groups interact with the basic polyelectrolytes. The drugs differ; Polybrene appears to have a greater affinity for the red cell while protamine sulfate appears more avid for serum components. Both agents induce severe erythrocyte alterations resulting in liver and splenic sequestration and a shortening of the red cell survival time.
Genetics, Plants, and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1994)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has given plant geneticists, ecologists, evolutionary, and population biologists a powerful new tool for studying their favorite organisms. In this chapter, we will use specific PCR to mean a standard, two-primer amplification that has as a target a specific genomic region, or gene, and therefore requires specific primers to be designed based on knowledge of DNA sequence. We differentiate this from PCR that uses primers of arbitrary sequence to specifically amplify a set of arbitrary loci in any genome, without the requirement for prior sequence knowledge. This is usually referred to as arbitrarily primed PCR or random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers; herein, we will use the term arbitrarily primed PCR.
Accumulation of Exogenous Amyloid-<i>Beta</i>Peptide in Hippocampal Mitochondria Causes Their Dysfunction: A Protective Role for Melatonin (2012)

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology is related to mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by energy reduction and an elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Monomers and oligomers of Aβ have been found inside mitochondria where they accumulate in a time-dependent manner as demonstrated in transgenic mice and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. We hypothesize that the internalization of extracellular Aβ aggregates is the major cause of mitochondrial damage and here we report that following the injection of fibrillar Aβ into the hippocampus, there is severe axonal damage which is accompanied by the entrance of Aβ into the cell. Thereafter, Aβ appears in mitochondria where it is linked to alterations in the ionic gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This effect is accompanied by disruption of subcellular structure, oxidative stress, and a significant reduction in both the respiratory control ratio and in the hydrolytic activity of ATPase. Orally administrated melatonin reduced oxidative stress, improved the mitochondrial respiratory control ratio, and ameliorated the energy imbalance.
Fabrication and Characterization of Aligned Continuous Polymeric Electrospun Nanofibers (2009)

A novel collection plate architecture was demonstrated for fabricating highly-aligned continuous electrospun nanofibers. This unique electrospinning platform utilizes various orientations of a three-layer stack to generate the collector plate. Through the use of multiple base plates, insulating apertures and target metal plates, the resultant electric field between the grounded base plates and charged syringe can be split. It is this divergence in the electric field that facilitates the ordered placement of the nanofibers. Ordered, continuous nanofibers have been realized for base plate separations ranging from as large as seven millimeters to as small as 1 mm. The structural properties of these aligned nanofibers are examined utilizing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization of the aligned continuous nanofibers has revealed diameters approaching 150 nm. The appearance of standard and some new absorption bands for polypyrrole (PPy) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) confirms the composite formation.
A "Vertical Log" Current-Meter (1935)

A “Vertical Log” Current-Meter Get access J. N. Carruthers J. N. Carruthers Fisheries LaboratoryLowestoft Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 10, Issue 2, August 1935, Pages 151–168, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/10.2.151 Published: 01 August 1935
Processed Film Lubrication: Measurement by Paper Clip Friction Test and Improvement of Projection Life (1971)

It has been well recognized for years that lubrication of processed motion-picture film is extremely important for projection performance. The advent of sprocketless projectors in the amateur movie market has greatly intensified this need. Nevertheless, experience has shown that some processed films are not effectively lubricated. Therefore, there is a need for a simple and reliable test for lubrication and an instrument has been devised to fill this need. It is basically an inclined plane friction test in which a special slider takes the place of the usual sled. The rounded end of the paper clip, bearing on the test film, furnishes the only support for the slider. The paper clip is balanced in a vertical position, since the entire slider's center of gravity is well below the bearing point. In this study, the paper clip friction and projector performance of two different super-8 films are evaluated at several levels of lubrication.
High olfactory sensitivity for dimethyl sulphide in harbour seals (2005)

Productive areas are patchily distributed at sea and represent important feeding grounds for many marine organisms. Although pinnipeds are known to travel on direct routes and return regularly to particular feeding sites, the environmental information seals use to perform this navigation is as yet unknown. As atmospheric dimethyl sulphide (DMS) has been demonstrated to be a reliable indicator for profitable foraging areas, we tested seals for their ability to smell DMS at concentrations typical for the marine environment. Using a go/no-go response paradigm we determined the DMS detection threshold in two harbour seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina). DMS stimuli from 8.05 x 108 to 8 pmol (DMS)m(-3)(air) were tested against a control stimulus using a custom-made olfactometer. DMS-thresholds determined for both seals (20 and 13 pmol m(-3)) indicate that seals can detect ambient concentrations associated with high primary productivity, e.g. in the North Atlantic. Thus, seals possess an extraordinarily high olfactory sensitivity for DMS, which could provide a sensory basis for identifying or orienting to profitable foraging grounds.
A Putative Prodiamine-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (<i>Poa annua</i>) Population is Controlled by Indaziflam (2014)

Prodiamine is a mitotic inhibiting herbicide regularly used to control annual bluegrass PRE. A population of annual bluegrass not controlled by prodiamine at 1,120 g a.i. ha −1 was identified on a golf course in Alcoa, TN, in 2012. A whole-plant hydroponics bioassay was used to screen this biotype for prodiamine resistance (PR) compared with a known susceptible population (SS). Multitiller (i.e., > 4 tillers) PR and SS annual bluegrass plants were established in hydroponic culture and exposed to 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, and 10.0 mM prodiamine. Exposure to prodiamine at 0.001 mM reduced root growth of the SS biotype to 26% of the nontreated check (i.e., 0 mM prodiamine) but had no effect on the PR biotype. When exposed to 10 mM prodiamine, root growth of the PR biotype was reduced to 24% of the nontreated check compared with 9% for the SS biotype. I 50 values for the PR and SS biotypes were 0.04 and 2.8 × 10 −6 mM prodiamine, respectively. The PR biotype measured lower in plant height and leaf width than the SS population. In field trials, prodiamine at 560, 840, 1,120, and 1,400 g ha −1 only controlled the PR biotype 0 to 22%. PRE applications of the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor indaziflam at 35, 52.5, and 70 g a.i. ha −1 controlled this PR biotype 70 to 97%. This marks the second instance of annual bluegrass developing resistance to prodiamine in Tennessee during the past 5 yr. Future research should evaluate indaziflam efficacy for control of other prodiamine-resistant biotypes of annual bluegrass as well as annual bluegrass biotypes resistant to herbicidal inhibitors of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase, acetolactate synthase, and photosystem II.
Microrheology of cross-linked polyacrylamide networks (2005)

Experiments investigating the local viscoelastic properties of a chemically cross-linked polymer are performed on polyacrylamide solutions in the sol and the gel regimes using polystyrene beads of varying sizes and surface chemistry as probes. The thermal motions of the probes are measured to obtain the elastic and viscous moduli of the sample. Probe dynamics are measured using two different dynamic light scattering techniques, diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) and quasielastic light scattering (QELS) as well as video-based particle tracking. Diffusing wave spectroscopy probes the short-time dynamics of the scatterers while QELS measures the dynamics at larger times. Video-based particle tracking provides a way to investigate the local environment of the individual probe particles. A combination of all the techniques results in a larger range of frequencies that can be probed compared to conventional bulk measurements while providing local information at the level of individual probes. A modified algebraic form of the generalized Stokes-Einstein equation is used to calculate the frequency-dependent moduli. A comparison of microrheological measurements with bulk rheology exhibits striking similarity, confirming the applicability of microrheology for chemically cross-linked polymeric systems.
Antimicrobial substances and chick growth promotion: The growth‐promoting activities of antimicrobial substances, including fifty‐two used either in therapy or as dietary additives (1977)

1. Fifty‐five antimicrobial substances were tested for their ability to promote growth when added to the diet of chicks. 2. Both cephalosporins and all the nine penicillins tested were active. 3. Of six aminoglycosides, streptomycin and gentamicin had the greatest activity and neomycin had none. 4. Growth rate was significantly improved by clindamycin, lincomycin, vancomycin, spectinomycin, rifampicin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, erythromycin, tylosin, flavomycin, virginiamycin and zinc bacitracin. Chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid were inactive. Polymixin B, novo‐biocin, cycloserine, phosphonomycin, and sodium fusidate had little activity. Fusidic acid promoted growth at 250 mg/kg diet. 5. Trimethoprim was inactive alone and in combination with sulpha‐diazine. Of seven 5‐nitroimidazoles, only dimetridazole and metronidazole showed slight activity. Of the six 5‐nitrofurans, only nitrovin, the standard reference substance used, promoted growth. 6. Caprylohydroxamic acid, a urease inhibitor, had no beneficial effect on growth rate or on the efficiency of food conversion. 7. The growth‐promoting properties of the various substances could not be related with their known antimicrobial and absorption characteristics in mammals.
Direct Evidence of Active-Site Reduction and Photodriven Catalysis in Sensitized Hydrogenase Assemblies (2012)

We report photocatalytic H(2) production by hydrogenase (H(2)ase)-quantum dot (QD) hybrid assemblies. Quenching of the CdTe exciton emission was observed, consistent with electron transfer from the quantum dot to H(2)ase. GC analysis showed light-driven H(2) production in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor with an efficiency of 4%, which is likely a lower limit for these hybrid systems. FTIR spectroscopy was employed for direct observation of active-site reduction in unprecedented detail for photodriven H(2)ase catalysis with sensitivity toward both H(2)ase and the sacrificial electron donor. Photosensitization with Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) showed distinct FTIR photoreduction properties, generating all of the states along the steady-state catalytic cycle with minimal H(2) production, indicating slow, sequential one-electron reduction steps. Comparing the H(2)ase activity and FTIR results for the two systems showed that QDs bind more efficiently for electron transfer and that the final enzyme state is different for the two sensitizers. The possible origins of these differences and their implications for the enzymatic mechanism are discussed.