gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management (1998)

This best-selling text introduces the theory behind databases in a concise yet comprehensive manner, providing database design methodology that can be used by both technical and non-technical readers. The methodology for relational Database Management Systems is presented in simple, step-by-step instructions in conjunction with a realistic worked example using three explicit phasesconceptual, logical, and physical database design. Background: Introduction to Databases; Database Environment; Database Architectures and the Web. The Relational Model and Languages: The Relational model; Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus; SQL: Data Manipulation; SQL: Data Definition; Query-By-Example (QBE). Database Analysis and Design: Database System Lifecycle; Database Analysis and the DreamHome Case Study; EntityRelationship Modeling; Enhanced EntityRelationship Modeling; Normalization; Advanced Normalization. Methodology: MethodologyConceptual Database Design; MethodologyLogical Database Design for Relational Model; MethodologyPhysical Database Design for Relational Databases; MethodologyMonitoring and Tuning the Operational System. Selected Database Issues: Security and Administration; Professional, Legal, and Ethical Issues; Transaction Management; Query Processing. Distributed DBMSs and Replication: Distributed DBMSsConcepts and Design; Distributed DBMSsAdvanced Concepts; Replication and Mobile Databases. Object DBMSs: Object-Oriented DBMSsConcepts and Design; Object-Oriented DBMSsStandards and Languages; Object-Relational DBMSs. Web and DBMSs: Web Technology and DBMSs; Semistructured Data and XML. Business Intelligence Technologies: Data Warehousing Concepts; Data Warehousing Design; OLAP; Data Mining. Appendices: Users' Requirements Specification for DreamHome Case Study; Other Case Studies; Alternative Data Modeling Notations; Summary of the Database Design Methodology for Relational Databases; Introduction to PyrrhoA Liteweight RDBMS. Web Appendices: File Organization and Storage Structures; When Is a DBMS Relational?; Commercial DBMSs: Access and Oracle; Programmatic SQL; Estimating Disk Space Requirements; Introduction to Object-Orientation; Example Web Scripts. This book is ideal for readers interested in database management or database design.
How to Build a Low-Cost, Extended-Range RFID Skimmer. (2006)

Radio-Frequency Identifier (RFID) technology, using the ISO-14443 standard, is becoming increasingly popular, with applications like credit-cards, national-ID cards, E-passports, and physical access control. The security of such applications is clearly critical. A key feature of RFID-based systems is their very short range: Typical systems are designed to operate at a range of 5-10cm. Despite this very short nominal range, Kfir and Wool predicted that a rogue device can communicate with an ISO-14443 RFID tag from a distance of 40-50cm, based on modeling and simulations. Moreover, they claimed that such a device can be made portable, with low power requirements, and can be built very cheaply. Such a device can be used as a stand-alone RFID skimmer, to surreptitiously read the contents of simple RFID tags. The same device can be as the “leech ” part of a relay-attack system, by which an attacker can make purchases using a victim’s RFID-enhanced credit card—despite any cryptographic protocols that may be used. In this study we show that the modeling predictions are quite accurate. We show how to build a portable, extended-range RFID skimmer, using only electronics hobbyist supplies and tools. Our skimmer is able to read ISO-14443 tags from a distance of ≈ 25cm, uses a lightweight 40cm-diameter copper-tube antenna, is powered by a 12V battery—and requires a budget of ≈ $100. We believe that, with some more effort, we can reach ranges of ≈ 35cm, using the same skills, tools, and budget. We conclude that (a) ISO-14443 RFID tags can be skimmed from a distance that does not require the attacker to touch the victim; (b) Simple RFID tags, that respond to any reader, are immediately vulnerable to skimming; and (c) We are about half-way toward a full-blown implementation of a relay-attack.
Hydrogen sulfide in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its therapeutic potential (2010)

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) was the third gaseous transmitter to be discovered, along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and has been proposed to be involved in numerous physiological processes and pathology of various diseases. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by multiple key events including endothelial dysfunction, monocyte infiltration and their differentiation into macrophages, conversion of lesion-resident macrophages into foam cells, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Increasing evidence has indicated that H(2)S plays a potentially significant role in all of these biological processes and that malfunction of H(2)S homeostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Experiments have demonstrated that H(2)S supplementation ameliorated many of these atherogenic processes and hence, such supplementation potentially may prove to be of therapeutic benefit in the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis. H(2)S levels may be induced by the administration of H(2)S or H(2)S donors, or alternatively be reduced by the administration of specific cystathionine β-synthase or cystathionine γ-lyase inhibitors. However, issues remain with the potential use of currently available H(2)S-modulating agents in a clinical setting. This review will provide a description of the current literature on the involvement of H(2)S in these key aspects of vascular biology that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, as well as the therapeutic potential of currently available H(2)S-modulating agents.
Partitioning dependency graphs for concurrent execution: a parallel spreadsheet on a realistically modeled message passing environment (1996)

Effective partitioning of programs for parallel processing has become very important. We propose using spreadsheets as a convenient model and tool for parallel computation. We wish to create an easy way to exploit an existing parallel processing machine available to many people: the network of workstations. Using results from experiments with C-Linda on a network of workstations, we have developed a novel machine model that includes parameters representing the high overhead of starting a communication experienced in a message passing system. We use five parameters to characterize the cost of sending a message between two processors; communication start up time for the sender, time the sender takes to send each byte in the message, corresponding parameters for the receiver, and the transmission time per byte through the communication channel. A formula is presented for predicting these parameters under C-Linda, given workstation and network speed. A unique feature of this model is that it captures the time when the workstation is occupied during a communication event.
We approach the problem of parallelizing spreadsheet programs as a matter of partitioning their dependency graphs. In this structure, nodes of the graph represent computations to be performed and the edges between the nodes represent the data dependencies between the computations.
We consider the problem of finding an optimum partition of the dependency graph given the above model of communication. We examine various restrictions on the dependency graph, node weights, edge weights, and number of processors. Unlike most other work on this type of problem, ours takes into account the possible gain achieved when two or more communications are combined, thus eliminating some of the start up costs (latencies).
We give a linear time algorithm for finding an optimum partition for a very restricted class of dependency graphs, which, however, includes many important cases. We further show that in many instances relaxing any one of the restrictions makes the problem NP-complete. We discuss heuristic extensions to our algorithm and show simulation results that demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm over current heuristics.
An unusual oxidative cyclization. A synthesis and absolute stereochemical assignment of (-)-rocaglamide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn unusual oxidative cyclization. A synthesis and absolute stereochemical assignment of (-)-rocaglamideBarry M. Trost, Paul D. Greenspan, Bingwei V. Yang, and Mark G. SaulnierCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 24, 9022–9024Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00180a081RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1475Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (386 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Power-rate-distortion modeling for energy minimization of portable video encoding devices (2011)

In portable multimedia devices, one of the most critical issues is to minimize the energy consumption and thereby prolong the operational lifetime of the system while maintaining the required video quality. In this paper, we proposed a power-rate-distortion (P-R-D) model of video encoding system to maximize its lifetime. The proposed P-R-D model of video encoder is generated in two steps. The first step is the modeling process of the relationship between the power consumption and the distortion of video encoder. For this, we developed a power consumption model of a video encoder based on a power-scalable architecture of H.264/AVC encoder using the power consumption data of each functional module. The second step is generating the unified P-R-D model based on the P-D model and the conventional rate-distortion (R-D) model. Experimental results show that the proposed P-R-D model describes the relationship among power, rate, and distortion with 0.99 of the R-square value on the average.
Properties of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase from <i>Brassica napus</i> cultures (2003)

Acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT; EC 2.3.1.23) catalyzes the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to produce PC and CoA. LPCAT activity may affect the incorporation of fatty acyl moieties at the sn-2 position of PC where PUFA are formed and may indirectly influence seed TAG composition. LPCAT activity in microsomes prepared from microspore-derived cell suspension cultures of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv Jet Neuf) was assayed using [1-14C]acyl-CoA as the fatty acyl donor. LPCAT activity was optimal at neutral pH and 35 degrees C, and was inhibited by 50% at a BSA concentration of 3 mg mL(-1). At acyl-CoA concentrations above 20 microM, LPCAT activity was more specific for oleoyl (18:1)-CoA than stearoyl (18:0)- and palmitoyl (16:0)-CoA. Lauroyl (12:0)-CoA, however, was not an effective acyl donor. LPC species containing 12:0, 16:0, 18:0, or 18:1 as the fatty acyl moiety all served as effective acyl acceptors for LPCAT, although 12:0-LPC was somewhat less effective as a substrate at lower concentrations. The failure of LPCAT to catalyze the incorporation of a 12:0 moiety from acyl-CoA into PC is consistent with the tendency of acyltransferases to discriminate against incorporation of this fatty acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of TAG from the seed oil of transgenic B. napus expressing a medium-chain thioesterase.
Alpha-synuclein structure and Parkinson’s disease – lessons and emerging principles (2019)

Alpha-synuclein (αS) is the major constituent of Lewy bodies and a pathogenic hallmark of all synucleinopathathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). All diseases are determined by αS aggregate deposition but can be separated into distinct pathological phenotypes and diagnostic criteria. Here we attempt to reinterpret the literature, particularly in terms of how αS structure may relate to pathology. We do so in the context of a rapidly evolving field, taking into account newly revealed structural information on both native and pathogenic forms of the αS protein, including recent solid state NMR and cryoEM fibril structures. We discuss how these new findings impact on current understanding of αS and PD, and where this information may direct the field.
Clustering Events on Streams Using Complex Context Information (2008)

Monitoring applications play an increasingly important role in many domains. They detect events in monitored systems and take actions such as invoke a program or notify an administrator. Often administrators must then manually investigate events to figure out the source of a problem. Stream processing engines (SPEs) are general purpose data management systems for monitoring applications. They provide low-latency stream processing but have limited or no support for manual event investigation. In this paper, we propose a new technique for an SPE to support event investigation by automatically classifying events on streams. Unlike previous stream clustering algorithms, our approach takes into account complex user-defined contexts for events. Our approach comprises three key components: an event context data model, a distance measure for event contexts, and an online clustering algorithm for event contexts. We evaluate our approach using synthetic data and show that complex context information can improve online event classification.
Pharmacologic chaperoning as a strategy to treat Gaucher disease (2007)

We briefly introduce the most common lysosomal storage disorder, Gaucher disease, concisely describe the Food and Drug Administration approved strategies to ameliorate Gaucher disease, and then outline the emerging pharmacologic chaperone strategy that offers the promise to remedy this malady.
Temporal-mode-selective optical Ramsey interferometry via cascaded frequency conversion (2017)

Temporal modes (TM) are a new basis for storage and retrieval of quantum information in states of light. The full TM manipulation toolkit requires a practical quantum pulse gate (QPG), which is a device that unitarily maps any given TM component of the optical input field onto a different, easily separable subspace or degree of freedom. An ideal QPG must "separate" the selected TM component with unit efficiency, whilst avoiding crosstalk from orthogonal TMs. All attempts at implementing QPGs in pulsed-pump traveling-wave systems have been unable to satisfy both conditions simultaneously. This is due to a known selectivity limit in processes that rely on spatio-temporally local, nonlinear interactions between pulsed modes traveling at independent group velocities. This limit is a consequence of time ordering in the quantum dynamical evolution, which is predicted to be overcome by coherently cascading multiple stages of low-efficiency, but highly TM-discriminatory QPGs. Multi-stage interferometric quantum frequency conversion in nonlinear waveguides was first proposed for precisely this purpose. TM-nonselective cascaded frequency conversion, also called optical Ramsey interferometry, has recently been demonstrated with continuous-wave (CW) fields. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of TM-selective optical Ramsey interferometry and show a significant enhancement in TM selectivity over single-stage schemes.
Insulin and platelet-derived growth factor stimulate phosphorylation of the c-raf product at serine and threonine residues in intact cells. (1991)

We have examined the phosphorylation of the serine threonine kinase, the product of c-raf proto-oncogene in response to insulin or platelet-derived growth factor in intact cells. Both insulin and platelet-derived growth factor stimulated phosphorylation of the c-raf protein about 2- to 3-fold. The phosphorylation occurred exclusively on serine and threonine residues; phosphotyrosine was not detected. In immune-complex kinase assays, treatment with insulin, and platelet-derived growth factor increased autophosphorylation of the c-raf kinase, suggesting activation of its kinase activity. To investigate whether the phosphorylation of the c-raf protein in intact cells results from an autophosphorylation event or from the phosphorylation by other cellular kinase(s), we replaced lysine 375 in the putative ATP-binding domain of the c-raf protein with alanine using oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis and expressed the mutated protein in NIH3T3 cells. The substitution resulted in the inactivation of the serine/threonine-specific autophosphorylation in immune-complex kinase assays. In intact cells, however, although phosphorylation of the mutant protein in response to insulin and platelet-derived growth factor occurred to a lesser extent than that of the wild-type protein, the phosphopeptide maps were indistinguishable. These results suggest that serine threonine phosphorylation might be responsible for the activation of c-raf kinase upon treatment of cells with insulin and platelet-derived growth factor, and most of the phosphate associated with the c-raf protein results from its phosphorylation by as yet uncharacterized cellular serine/threonine kinase(s).
An Alternate Route for the Synthesis of Hybrid Mesoporous Organosilica with Crystal-Like Pore Walls from Allylorganosilane Precursors (2005)

The bridged allylorganosilanes 1,4-bis(diallylethoxysilyl)benzene and 1,4-bis(triallylsilyl)benzene are presented as new precursors for the surfactant-assisted synthesis of ordered mesoporous organosilica with pore walls having crystal-like molecular-scale periodicity. This approach provides a new route to the formation of periodic mesostructures with crystal-like pore walls. The synthesis method presented is applicable to the preparation of mesoporous organosilica with bulky organic groups, the precursors of which are typically impossible to obtain in high purity.
Procalcitonin has bioactivity at calcitonin receptor family complexes: Potential mediator implications in sepsis* (2008)

Our data provide a potential molecular mechanism for the observation that ProCT appears to be toxic while CGRP treatment appears to be beneficial in animal models of sepsis.
Hemifacial spasm triggered by vasodilators. (1998)

Hemifacial spasm features myoclonic-like, paroxysmal, unilateral muscle twitching, attributable to vascular compression at the facial pontine root entry zone. We present the case of an 85-year-old man who presented with idiopathic hemifacial spasm with onset 23 years before. For the last 5 years, he was successfully treated with botulinum toxin injections. However, occasional nitrate intake for precordial pain promptly triggered muscle twitching. Vasodilation may exacerbate not only cases of hemifacial spasm, but even of trigeminal neuralgia, both recognized as neurovascular compressive syndromes.
Deep-ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy for chemical sensing (2013)

Resonance Raman spectroscopy is an emerging spectroscopy tool capable of highly specific and highly sensitive analysis of biological molecules in solutions. The complexity of experimental set-up and reliance on laser sources with very short life-time and very high maintenance requirement were always considered the major bottle-neck problem on the way of wide spread of applications of deep-UV Raman spectroscopy in biology and medicine. In this report, we present the design of a very inexpensive system based on a diode-pumped solid-state laser system capable of performing Raman analysis in the deep UV.
Analysis of a Gene Cluster of<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>Involved in Polysaccharide Biosynthesis (2000)

Previously, we described a gene cluster of Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF that produced an antigenic polysaccharide when cloned in Escherichia coli. The polysaccharide antigen was not detectable in E. faecalis strains, however. Here, we show by reverse transcriptase-PCR that the 16 genes in this region are transcribed in OG1RF. Gene disruption of orfde4, encoding a putative glycosyl transferase, and orfde6, a putative dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis gene, generated two OG1RF mutants. The mutants showed delayed killing and a higher 50% lethal dose in a mouse peritonitis model. In addition, two mucoid E. faecalis isolates from patients with chronic urinary tract infections were found to produce the polysaccharide antigen.
In vitro percutaneous absorption of verapamil. (1996)

The in vitro percutaneous absorption of verapamil hydrochloride (VHCl) was investigated in order to assess its feasibility for transdermal development. The experiments were carried across mice and guinea pig skins using Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. The values of diffusion rate (J) and permeability coefficient (Kp) across guinea pig skin were lowered as compared to mouse skin. Increased drug concentration in donor compartment increased value of J but decreased value of Kp. Under similar conditions, values of J and Kp were lowered for dorsal skin as compared to abdominal skin, both for mice and guinea pig. The results indicate that verapamil can be administered transdermally.
Shaping of Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts by Extrusion: Understanding the Role of Binders (2016)

Sulfated zirconia hydroxide shaping by extrusion is studied based on elucidating the impact of zeta-potential and rheological characteristics on physical and chemical properties of technical catalysts. Zeta potential measurements of sulfated zirconium hydroxide prior and after poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) additions were made. Rheological curves of sulfated zirconium hydroxide suspensions with different amounts of PVA were recorded at different zeta-potential values. The addition of PVA nonlinearly decreased shear yield stress. Experimental data were quantified with the Krieger–Dougherty equation. The influence of a boehmite-type binder on the zeta-potential confirmed that the surface properties of the particles to a large extent are determined by the presence of binder. The pore structure of shaped catalysts was unaffected by rheological parameters when zeta-potential is close enough to zero. At the same time deviations of the zeta potential from the zero-value afforded more uniform pore size distribution.