gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate on-chip interconnect evaluation: a time-domain technique (1999)

This paper describes an on-chip sampling and measurement technique for accurate (<15 ps) evaluation of interconnect delays and coupled noise. We have used this nonintrusive time-domain technique to extract in situ driver/receiver waveforms, propagation delays, and coupled noise in 120 interconnect structures. The effects studied include multiple AC returns through active devices, gridded planes on adjacent layers, via impedances, variable driver impedances, and noise in bus structures. The results provide a comprehensive evaluation of interconnect delays and noise in a 1.8 V, 0.25 /spl mu/m process.
A functional tomato ACC synthase expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> demonstrates suicidal inactivation by its substrate <i>S</i>‐adenosylmethionine (1992)

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone, ethylene. We have isolated, sequenced and expressed a functional tomato (cv Pik-Red) ACC synthase gene in Escherichia coli. ACC synthase expressed in E. coli was inactivated by incubation with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the half-time of which was concentration dependent. Mixing the tomato fruit protein extract with the cell-free extract from transformed E. coli did not affect SAM-dependent inactivation of ACC synthase activity. Thus, single isoforms of the ACC synthase enzyme, which demonstrate the biochemical features expected of the tomato fruit enzyme, can be expressed in E. coli and their structure-function relationships investigated.
Heritable diseases of the skeleton. Part I: Molecular insights into skeletal development‐transcription factors and signaling pathways <sup>1</sup> (1997)

The recent identification of the genetic basis of hereditary skeletal disorders is providing important insights into the intricate processes of skeletal formation, growth, and homeostasis. These processes include patterning events during condensation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells to form cartilage precursors of the future bones, the replacement of cartilage by bones through endochondral ossification, the growth of long bones through proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in growth plates, and bone formation through differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal cells in areas of intramembranous ossification. Defects in any of these processes can give rise to skeletal abnormalities. Mutations in transcription factors such as HOX and PAX and members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily cause disorders associated with abnormal mesenchymal condensation, whereas defects in the transcription factor SOX-9 lead to abnormalities in chondrocyte differentiation. Abnormal growth plate function, resulting in dwarfism, is the consequence of mutations in receptors for fibroblast growth factors and parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Premature closure of cranial sutures in intramembranous ossification is a feature of syndromes due to mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors.
Role Of Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide In Ischaemic Preconditioning In Diabetic Rat Hearts (2001)

1. It has been suggested that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is involved in the protection provided by ischaemic preconditioning in rat hearts and that ischaemic preconditioning is absent in diabetic rat hearts. 2. In the present study, we tested the relationship between sensory nerve function and ischaemic preconditioning in diabetic rats. 3. In 4- and 8-week diabetic rats and age-matched non- diabetic controls, 30 min global ischaemia and 40 min reperfusion caused a significant decrease in cardiac function and a marked increase in creatine kinase (CK) release. Ischaemic preconditioning, by three cycles of 5 min ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion, improved the recovery of cardiac function and decreased CK release during reperfusion in 4-week diabetic rat hearts. However, the cardioprotection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning was lost in 8-week diabetic rat hearts. Pretreatment with CGRP for 5 min also significantly improved the recovery of cardiac function and decreased CK release in rats subjected to 4 or 8 weeks of diabetes. 4. The content of CGRP in the coronary effluent during ischaemic preconditioning was significantly increased in 4-week diabetic rat hearts (P < 0.05). However, only a slight increase in the release of CGRP was shown in 8-week diabetic rat hearts (P > 0.05). 5. In summary, the present results suggest that the protection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning is attenuated in diabetic rats and that the change may be related to the reduction in CGRP release in diabetic rat hearts.
Case-Based Reasoning to Improve Adaptability of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2002)

Educational Adaptive Hypermedia Systems and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) are capable of producing personalized learning courses that are tailored to various learning preferences and characteristics of the learner. In the past ITS traditionally have embedded experts&apos; knowledge in the structure of its content and applied appropriate design models. However, such systems have continually been criticized for believing that this is sufficient for effective learning to occur [Stauffer 96]. For a tutor who develops such a system there may be many permutations of narrative, concepts and content that may be combined to produce the learner courses. However, the more levels of personalization the system can provide the greater likelihood exists that the system may produce an unexpected or undesired effect. As a tutor it can be difficult to monitor the suitability of the personalized course offerings on an individual learner basis. This paper provides a high level overview of a technique for predicting/monitoring personalized course suitability and increasing the quality of delivered courses using CBR in combination with other techniques, e.g. filtering techniques.
Modification of an Atomic Absorption Unit for Dual Beam, Background Correction Measurements (1973)

A simple modification is described which makes dual beam background correction measurements possible on a Varian-Techtron atomic absorption spectrometer. The modification is described and data are presented which demonstrate the validity of the measurements obtained.
A Turkish Case with Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency (2006)

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MIM 252150) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder with about 100 cases reported worldwide. We have identified a male with molybdenum cofactor deficiency and analyzed the molybdenum cofactor synthesis (MOCS)1 gene, MOCS2 gene, MOCS3 gene and GEPH gene. We homozygously identified the CGA insertion after A666 of the MOCS1 gene which produces arginine insertion at codon 222 of MOCS1A. The parents, his brother and his sister who did not have any symptoms were heterozygous for the same mutation. This region was highly conserved in various species. The N-terminal part of MOCS1 a protein is suggested to form the central core of the protein and be composed of an incomplete [(alpha/beta)6] triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) barrel with a lateral opening that is covered by the C-terminal part of the protein. The insertion is located in the loop connecting the fifth beta strand to the sixth alpha helices of the TIM barrel structure. This arginine insertion would induce the conformation change and the lack of the activity.
Empirical support for an involvement of the mesostriatal dopamine system in human fear extinction (2011)

Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders relies on the principle of confronting a patient with the triggers of his fears, allowing him to make the unexpected safety experience that his fears are unfounded and resulting in the extinction of fear responses. In the laboratory, fear extinction is modeled by repeatedly presenting a fear-conditioned stimulus (CS) in the absence of the aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to which it had previously been associated. Classical associative learning theory considers extinction to be driven by an aversive prediction error signal that expresses the expectation violation when not receiving an expected UCS and establishes a prediction of CS non-occurrence. Insufficiencies of this account in explaining various extinction-related phenomena could be resolved by assuming that extinction is an opponent appetitive-like learning process that would be mediated by the mesostriatal dopamine (DA) system. In accordance with this idea, we find that a functional polymorphism in the DA transporter gene, DAT1, which is predominantly expressed in the striatum, significantly affects extinction learning rates. Carriers of the 9-repeat (9R) allele, thought to confer enhanced phasic DA release, had higher learning rates. Further, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed stronger hemodynamic appetitive prediction error signals in the ventral striatum in 9R carriers. Our results provide a first hint that extinction learning might indeed be conceptualized as an appetitive-like learning process and suggest DA as a new candidate neurotransmitter for human fear extinction. They open up perspectives for neurobiological therapy augmentation.
Applying client churn prediction modeling on home-based care services industry (2016)

Client churn prediction model is widely acknowledged as an effective way of realizing customer life-time value especially in service-oriented industries and under a competitive business environment. Churn model allows targeting of clients for retention campaigns and is a critical component of customer relationship management(CRM) and business intelligence systems. There are numerous statistical models and techniques applied successfully on data mining projects for various industries. While there is literature for prediction modeling on hospital health care services, non-exist for home-based care services. In this study, logistic regression, random forest and C5.0 decision tree were the models used in building a binary client churn classifier for a home-based care services company based in Australia. All models yielded prediction accuracies over 90% with tree based classifiers marginally higher and C5.0 model found to be suitable for use in this industry. This study also showed that existing client satisfaction measures currently in use by the company does not adequately contribute to churn analysis.
[Research of the academician I. N. Bulankin on problems of protein chemistry]. (2002)

The article presents an information about scientific researches on the problem of chemical properties and structure of proteins, which were carried out intensively by the biochemists of Kharkiv State University in 30-50 years of XX cent., headed by I. N. Bulankin, academician of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. This researches dealt with the processes of proteolysis and protein denaturation, the peculiarities of globular and fibrilliar proteins behavior in solution, the properties of complexes with proteins and nucleic acids, etc. The historic analysis of origin and development of this scientific problem at the biochemistry chair of the university and its gradual replacement by researches with other biochemical problems has been carried out. The data concerned with the general situation in the field protein structure of estimation at the world and home biochemistry are cited too. In connection with the above presented the authors give the grounded conclusions about the importance of the scientific researches carried out by I. N. Bulankin as well as about.
Pharmacological studies of the two new hypoglycaemic compounds 4-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-1-yl)benzoic acid and 1-(mesitylen-2-sulfonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole. (1994)

New compounds showing hypoglycaemic activity have been designed through a computer-aided method based on QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) and molecular connectivity. The pharmacological tests carried out on the newly designed compounds demonstrated the existence of notable activity for two of them, namely: 4-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-1-yl) benzoic acid (CAS 60875-16-3) and 1-(mesitylen-2-sulfonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (CAS 54230-59-0). Both substances mainly follow a mechanism based on the response to the oral glucose overcharge, decreasing the glycemia to lower levels as compared with tolbutamide, which is used as a standard drug, and reaching normal glycaemia at a similar time.
Power-aware resource allocation for independent tasks in heterogeneous real-time systems (2003)

In recent years, power management and power reduction has become a critical issue in portable systems that are designed for real-time use. In this paper, we study the problem of static allocation of a set of independent tasks onto a real-time system consisting of heterogeneous processing elements, each enabled with discrete Dynamic Voltage Scaling. The allocation problem is first formulated as an extended Generalized Assignment Problem. A linearization heuristic (LR-heuristic) is then extended for solving the problem. An analysis of the upper bound on the number of tasks that the heuristic may fail to allocate is also presented. Our experiments show that when the real-time constraints are tight, the LR-heuristic achieves 15% off the optimal energy consumption for small size problems, while the performance of a classic greedy heuristic is around 90% off the optimal. A relative performance improvement of up-to 40% over the classic greedy heuristic is also observed for large size problems.
Tissue-Specific Gene Expression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vivo by Complementary DNA Microarray Analysis (2003)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To identify distinct gene expression profiles of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCAs) using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis and to create a preliminary, comprehensive database of HNSCCA gene expression. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> Nine patients with histologically confirmed HNSCCAs, staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, were enrolled. The HNSCCA tumor tissue and normal mucosal tissue were harvested at the time of surgery. A cDNA library was constructed from the paired fresh-frozen human surgical specimens of HNSCCAs and nonmalignant epithelial tissues. Biotinylated RNA was transcribed from the cDNA library and hybridized to high-density microarrays containing approximately 12 000 human genes. Altered gene expression of HNSCCAs was identified by comparison to corresponding normal mucosal tissues after a bayesian statistical analysis of variance. Results were analyzed using the gene database of the National Institutes of Health. Hierarchical clustering of the genomic data sets was determined by similarity metrics based on Pearson correlation. <h3>Results</h3> Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that the gene expression profiles obtained from the nonselected panel of 12 000 genes could distinguish the tumors from nonmalignant tissues. Gene expression changes were reproducibly observed in 227 genes representing previously identified chemokines, tumor suppressors, differentiation markers, matrix molecules, membrane receptors, and transcription factors that correlated with neoplasia, including 46 previously uncharacterized genes. Moreover, significant expression of the collagen type XI α1 gene and a novel gene was reproducibly observed in all 9 tumors, whereas these genes were virtually undetectable in their corresponding, adjacent nonmalignant tissues. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Complementary DNA microarray analysis of human HNSCCAs has produced a preliminary, comprehensive database of tumor-specific gene expression profiles and provided important insights into modeling gene expression changes implicated in carcinogenesis. A large-scale analysis of gene expression carries the future potential of identifying sensitive molecular markers for early tumor detection, prognosis, and novel targets for interceptive therapeutics.
Activity and Export of Engineered Nisin-(1-22) Analogs (2011)

The pentacyclic peptide antibiotic nisin, produced by Lactococcus lactis is ubiquitously applied as a food preservative. We previously demonstrated that the truncated nisin-(1-22) has only 10-fold lower activity than nisin. Here we aimed at further developing this tricyclic nisin analog to reach activity comparable to that of nisin. Our data demonstrate that: (1) ring A has a large mutational freedom; (2) the composition of residues 20–22 strongly affects production levels of nisin-(1-22); (3) a positively charged C-terminus of nisin-(1-22) significantly enhances its antimicrobial activity; (4) nisin-(1-22) inhibits in vitro growth of a target strain using different dynamics than nisin.
Confidence Intervals for the Divergence Time of Two Clades (1996)

We describe a simple method for generating tighter confidence intervals for the date of divergence of two monophyletic groups of taxa. This technique exploits the variation that exists within each of two groups that have evolved separately from a common ancestor. We illustrate the method (plus a technique to test the molecular clock hypothesis) using sequence dissimilarity within the orders of ratites and of tinamous (small birds from South America commonly regarded as the closest relative to ratites).
Automatic tuning of frequency and Q-factor of bandpass filters based on envelope detection (2002)

The paper discusses an approach using very simple tuning circuitry based on the envelope detection method. A second-order bandpass filter is used as a demonstration vehicle. The complete tuning circuit consists of frequency and Q-factor tuning blocks, and operates on a 3 V power supply. Due to its simplicity, this method can be used for automatic tuning of high-Q bandpass filters at very high frequencies with very little circuit overhead.
Acoustic structure and propagation in highly porous, layered, fibrous materials (1984)

This work is concerned primarily with the acoustic structure and propagation of sound in highly porous, layered, fine fiber materials. Of particular interest is the utilization of the Kozeny number for determining the static flow resistance and the static structure factor based on flow permeability measurements. In this formulation the Kozeny number is a numerical constant independent of volume porosity at high porosities. The other essential parameters are then evaluated employing techniques developed earlier for open-cell foams. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 879–887 (1982)]. The attenuation and progressive phase characteristics in bulk samples were measured and compared with predicted values. The agreements on the whole were very satisfactory.
Anti-AIDS Agents. 46. Anti-HIV Activity of Harman, an Anti-HIV Principle from <i>Symplocos setchuensis</i>, and Its Derivatives (2001)

Matairesinol (1) and harman (5), identified from Symplocos setchuensis, were found to inhibit HIV replication in H9 lymphocyte cells. Anti-HIV evaluation of 28 derivatives of 5 revealed that compound 19 showed potent activity with EC(50) and therapeutic index values of 0.037 microM and 210, respectively.
Efficacy of Intranasal Midazolam in Facilitating Suturing of Lacerations in Preschool Children in the Emergency Department (1993)

Sedating children safely and effectively for minor laceration repair is a well-recognized clinical problem. A randomized, double-blind, and controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intranasal midazolam for reducing stress during the suturing of lacerations in preschool children. Fifty-nine children with simple lacerations that required suturing were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 received intranasal midazolam, 0.4 mg/kg, prior to suturing. Group 2 received an equivalent volume of normal saline intranasally prior to suturing as a placebo. Group 3 was the control group and received no intervention prior to suturing. Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry were monitored at 5-minute intervals throughout the procedure. Subjective variables were also measured at 5-minute intervals and included a cry score, a motion score, and a struggle score. Parent satisfaction was measured via a short telephone interview the following day. There were no significant differences in outcome between the placebo group and the control group. Their results were pooled and compared with the results for the midazolam group. The midazolam group showed significant reductions for mean heart rate, maximum heart rate, and maximum systolic blood pressure when compared with the placebo/control group. Scores for two of the three subjective variables, cry and struggle, were significantly reduced for the midazolam group. The papoose board was considered unnecessary in retrospect for more than half of patients in the midazolam group compared with only one fifth of patients in the placebo/control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular cloning of a flocculation gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1989)

The aggregation of dispersed yeast cells into floes toward the end of fermentation is called flocculation.1* Flocculation characteristics
Gene expression profiles in<i>Ciona intestinalis</i>tailbud embryos (2001)

A set of 3423 expressed sequence tags derived from the Ciona intestinalis tailbud embryos was categorized into 1213 independent clusters. When compared with DNA Data Bank of Japan database, 502 clusters of them showed significant matches to reported proteins with distinct function, whereas 184 lacked sufficient information to be categorized (including reported proteins with undefined function) and 527 had no significant similarities to known proteins. Sequence similarity analyses of the 502 clusters in relation to the biosynthetic function, as well as the structure of the message population at this stage, demonstrated that 390 of them were associated with functions that many kinds of cells use, 85 with cell-cell communication and 27 with transcription factors and other gene regulatory proteins. All of the 1213 clusters were subjected to whole-mount in situ hybridization to analyze the gene expression profiles at this stage. A total of 387 clusters showed expression specific to a certain tissue or organ; 149 showed epidermis-specific expression; 34 were specific to the nervous system; 29 to endoderm; 112 to mesenchyme; 32 to notochord; and 31 to muscle. Many genes were also specifically expressed in multiple tissues. The study also highlighted characteristic gene expression profiles dependent on the tissues. In addition, several genes showed intriguing expression patterns that have not been reported previously; for example, four genes were expressed specifically in the nerve cord cells and one gene was expressed only in the posterior part of muscle cells. This study provides molecular markers for each of the tissues and/or organs that constitutes the Ciona tailbud embryo. The sequence information will also be used for further genome scientific approach to explore molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of one of the most primitive chordate body plans.