gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems (2009)

Abstract Thermochemical processing of biomass produces a solid product containing char (mostly carbon) and ash. This char can be combusted for heat and power, gasified, activated for adsorption applications, or applied to soils as a soil amendment and carbon sequestration agent. The most advantageous use of a given char depends on its physical and chemical characteristics, although the relationship of char properties to these applications is not well understood. Chars from fast pyrolysis and gasification of switchgrass and corn stover were characterized by proximate analysis, CHNS elemental analysis, Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) surface area, particle density, higher heating value (HHV), scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence ash content analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a photo‐acoustic detector (FTIR‐PAS), and quantitative 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) using direct polarization and magic angle spinning. Chars from the same feedstocks produced under slow pyrolysis conditions, and a commercial hardwood charcoal, were also characterized. Switchgrass and corn stover chars were found to have high ash content (32–55 wt %), much of which was silica. BET surface areas were low (7–50 m 2 /g) and HHVs ranged from 13 to 21 kJ/kg. The aromaticities from NMR, ranging between 81 and 94%, appeared to increase with reaction time. A pronounced decrease in aromatic CH functionality between slow pyrolysis and gasification chars was observed in NMR and FTIR‐PAS spectra. NMR estimates of fused aromatic ring cluster size showed fast and slow pyrolysis chars to be similar (∼7–8 rings per cluster), while higher‐temperature gasification char was much more condensed (∼17 rings per cluster). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the 37-, 14-, and/or 16-kilodalton antigens genes from Rickettsia prowazekii strain E. (1992)

A gene bank of Rickettsia prowazekii strain E constructed in the phage vector lambda EMBL4 was screened for antigen production with anti-R. prowazekii serum. One of the immunoreactive clones, grown at 37 degrees C exhibited the expression of at least two antigens of molecular weight (M(r)) 37 kD and 14 kD. Subcloning and further analysis revealed that the antigens (polypeptides) of Mr 37, 14, and/or 16 kD apparently represent structural units of the 138 kD complex antigen. Assembly of the above mentioned polypeptides was found to be thermosensitive as it took place at 30 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C and resulted in an oligomeric structure of M(r) 138 kD. The nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for a precursor of the mature polypeptides of Mr 14 and/or 16 kD was determined.
Human endogenous antibiotic LL-37 stimulates airway epithelial cell proliferation and wound closure (2005)

Antimicrobial peptides are endogenous antibiotics that directly inactivate microorganisms and in addition have a variety of receptor-mediated functions. LL-37/hCAP-18 is the only cathelicidin found in humans and is involved in angiogenesis and regulation of the innate immune system. The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of the peptide LL-37 in the regulation of wound closure of the airway epithelium in the cell line NCI-H292 and primary airway epithelial cells. LL-37 stimulated healing of mechanically induced wounds in monolayers of the cell line and in differentiated primary airway epithelium. This effect was detectable at concentrations of 5 mug/ml in NCI-H292 and 1 mug/ml in primary cells. The effect of LL-37 on wound healing was dependent on the presence of serum. LL-37 induced cell proliferation and migration of NCI-H292 cells. Inhibitor studies in the wound closure and proliferation assays indicated that the effects caused by LL-37 are mediated through epidermal growth factor receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor, and MAP/extracellular regulated kinase. In conclusion, LL-37 induces wound healing, proliferation, and migration of airway epithelial cells. The peptide is likely involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis in the airways.
FEC-based packet loss recovery for AVS-M audio codec (2011)

In this paper, we utilize sender-based Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques to enhance the robustness of packet loss recovery for AVS Mobile speech and audio (AVS-M) codec. Two FEC schemes are proposed which take the advantage of the codec's structure characteristics and do not introduce extra delay. The objective and subjective listening tests results show that the two methods achieve higher reconstructed quality than the codec's original frame erasure scheme in the case of packet loss.
Genome-wide association study identifies a new locus for coronary artery disease on chromosome 10p11.23 (2010)

Analysis of a GWA study followed by in silico and wet-lab replication steps identified the KIAA1462 gene, encoding a yet uncharacterized protein, on chromosome 10p11.23 with genome-wide significant association for CAD/MI. Further studies are needed to characterize the functional role of this locus in the aetiology of these diseases.
Modern Control Design With MATLAB and SIMULINK (2002)

The author emphasises the physical principles and engineering applications of modern control design. Instead of detailing the mathematical theory, MATLAB and SIMULINK examples are used throughout.
Development of oral heparin therapy for prophylaxis and treatment of deep venous thrombosis (2001)

Recent advances in prophylaxis and treatment of DVT have stimulated great interest among researchers to develop an effective, convenient, and well tolerated oral therapy. An effective oral heparin therapy may represent an ideal method of prophylaxis and treatment of DVT.
Variation of the factor H-binding protein of Neisseria meningitidis (2009)

There is currently no comprehensive meningococcal vaccine, due to difficulties in immunizing against organisms expressing serogroup B capsules. To address this problem, subcapsular antigens, particularly the outer-membrane proteins (OMPs), are being investigated as candidate vaccine components. If immunogenic, however, such antigens are often antigenically variable, and knowledge of the extent and structuring of this diversity is an essential part of vaccine formulation. Factor H-binding protein (fHbp) is one such protein and is included in two vaccines under development. A survey of the diversity of the fHbp gene and the encoded protein in a representative sample of meningococcal isolates confirmed that variability in this protein is structured into two or three major groups, each with a substantial number of alleles that have some association with meningococcal clonal complexes and serogroups. A unified nomenclature scheme was devised to catalogue this diversity. Analysis of recombination and selection on the allele sequences demonstrated that parts of the gene are subject to positive selection, consistent with immune selection on the protein generating antigenic variation, particularly in the C-terminal region of the peptide sequence. The highest levels of selection were observed in regions corresponding to epitopes recognized by previously described bactericidal monoclonal antibodies.
Palladium-catalyzed tandem N–H/C–H arylation: regioselective synthesis of N-heterocycle-fused phenanthridines as versatile blue-emitting luminophores (2013)

A general and highly regioselective synthetic protocol for structurally diverse N-heteroaryl-fused phenanthridines has been developed. Varieties of fluorescence molecules comprising imidazole-fused, benzoimidazole-fused, indole-fused and pyrrole-fused phenanthridines were obtained by this modular approach, some of which exhibit excellent blue-emitting performance, high quantum yields, long fluorescence lifetimes, interesting electrochemical properties, and thermal stabilities.
Automated impedance-based energy adjustment for defibrillation: experimental studies. (1985)

In defibrillation, current flow depends on the energy selected and the transthoracic impedance. If transthoracic impedance is high, current flow may be inadequate to defibrillate. We developed a method by which high transthoracic impedance is automatically compensated for by an increase in operator-selected energy when impedance is high. Transthoracic impedance was predicted in advance of the first shock by passing a low-level current between the defibrillator electrodes during the defibrillator charge cycle; a microprocessor monitored current flow and determined impedance. In 28 mongrel dogs we manipulated transthoracic impedance by placing glycerin-soaked gauze pads between the paddle electrodes and the chest. If the predicted impedance exceeded a preset value, the delivered energy was automatically increased by 40% or 100%. Using this impedance-based energy adjustment technique, we found significant improvements in current flow and success rate of shocks when energy was automatically increased to compensate for high transthoracic impedance. The use of transthoracic impedance as a basis for energy adjustment appears a promising technique to minimize the hazards of high electrical energy; it allows low-energy shocks in most patients while avoiding inappropriate low energies in patients with high impedance. Clinical trials are justified.
Second-Sphere Coordination Revisited (2014)

Since the concept of second-sphere coordination of transition metal complexes was introduced by Alfred Werner in 1913, the investigation of the phenomenon has emerged as a major thrust area - a significant part of which is based on the use of transition metal complexes as first coordination spheres as well as macrocycles as second-sphere ligands in promoting the assembly and dictating the main structural features of the second-sphere adducts. In this review, we first of all summarize the work carried out in our laboratory on the second-sphere coordination chemistry of transition metal complexes in the past three decades. Significant advances of relevance to the second-sphere coordination chemistry of square-planar gold complex anions with cyclodextrins are presented as the second part of this review.
Anti-Hyperalgesic Effects of Calcitonin on Neuropathic Pain Interacting with its Peripheral Receptors (2012)

These results suggest that the anti-hyperalgesic action of calcitonin on CCI rats could be attributable to the normalization of the sodium channel expression, which might be exerted by an unknown signal produced at the peripheral nerve tissue but not by DRG neurons through the activation of the calcitonin receptor. Calcitonin signals were silent in the normal condition and nerve injury may be one of triggers for conversion of a silent to an active signal.
Agile Robotic Fliers: A Morphing-Based Approach (2018)

The aerial robot presented here for the first time was based on a quadrotor structure, which is capable of unique morphing performances based on an actuated elastic mechanism. Like birds, which are able to negotiate narrow apertures despite their relatively large wingspan, our Quad-Morphing robot was able to pass through a narrow gap at a high forward speed of 2.5 m.s<sup>- 1</sup> by swiftly folding up the structure supporting its propellers. A control strategy was developed to deal with the loss of controllability on the roll axis resulting from the folding process, while keeping the robot stable until it has crossed the gap. In addition, a complete recovery procedure was also implemented to stabilize the robot after the unfolding process. A new metric was also used to quantify the gain in terms of the gap-crossing ability in comparison with that observed with classical quadrotors with rigid bodies. The performances of these morphing robots are presented, and experiments performed with a real flying robot passing through a small aperture by reducing its wingspan by 48% are described and discussed.
Getting to know you (2002)

Recommender systems have become valuable resources for users seeking intelligent ways to search through the enormous volume of information available to them. One crucial unsolved problem for recommender systems is how best to learn about a new user. In this paper we study six techniques that collaborative filtering recommender systems can use to learn about new users. These techniques select a sequence of items for the collaborative filtering system to present to each new user for rating. The techniques include the use of information theory to select the items that will give the most value to the recommender system, aggregate statistics to select the items the user is most likely to have an opinion about, balanced techniques that seek to maximize the expected number of bits learned per presented item, and personalized techniques that predict which items a user will have an opinion about. We study the techniques thru offline experiments with a large pre-existing user data set, and thru a live experiment with over 300 users. We show that the choice of learning technique significantly affects the user experience, in both the user effort and the accuracy of the resulting predictions.
Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film Transistor With Self-Aligned Source/Drain Regions Doped With Implanted Boron for Enhanced Thermal Stability (2011)

Because of the rapid diffusion of hydrogen in zinc oxide even at a relatively low temperature, zinc-oxide-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) with hydrogen-doped source/drain regions suffer from degraded thermal stability. The use of boron, which is a heavier and a more slowly diffusing dopant, is systematically investigated as a replacement of hydrogen. Its effectiveness as a dopant has been studied in terms of a range of process conditions, including its implantation dosage and the subsequent heat treatment temperature, time, and ambience. The lowest resistivity of 2 mΩ-cm has been obtained at a boron dose of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Self-aligned top-gated zinc-oxide TFTs with source/drain regions doped with implanted boron are shown to be more stable than those doped with hydrogen, even when subjected to the relatively high temperature needed for the formation of a good-quality passivation layer.
Patient-centred dying (2016)

Abstract This chapter examines the legal context within which decisions about the end of life are made. It argues that an ethical approach to end-of-life care must be centred on the dying person and that finding ways to ensure that this person’s voice is heard must be core to the development of legal frameworks. In this respect, the law has, to date, been inadequate. It explores the ways decisions about the end of life are made in Ireland and identifies likely changes, including an increased formalisation of dying. Drawing on experiences from the United States and the United Kingdom, it develops arguments regarding the most appropriate decision-making structures within which to consider difficult questions around end-of-life care.
Impact of topology and link aggregation on a PC cluster with Ethernet (2008)

In addition to its use in local area networks, Ethernet has been used for connecting hosts in the area of high-performance computing. Here, we investigated the impact of topology and link aggregation on a large-scale PC cluster with Ethernet. Ethernet topology that allows loops and its routing can be implemented by the VLAN routing method without creating broadcast storms. To simplify the system configuration without modifying system software, the VLAN tag is added to a frame at switches in our implementation of topologies. Each host creates VLAN interfaces that have different local network addresses on a physical interface, so that a switch learns the MAC addresses of hosts in a PC cluster by broadcast. Evaluation results showed that the performance characteristics of an eight-switch network are comparable to those of an ideal 1-switch (full crossbar) network in the execution of High-Performance LINPACK Benchmark (HPL) on a 225-host PC cluster. On the other hand, evaluation results using NAS Parallel Benchmarks indicated that topologies achieved by the proposed methodology showed performance improvements of up to about 650% as compared to the simple tree topology. These results indicate that topology and link aggregation have marked impacts and commodity switches can be used instead of expensive and high functional switches.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY- MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF EAGLEWOOD (AQUILARIA AGALLOCHA ROXB) (2014)

Objective: The investigation was carried out to study the phytochemical constituents of agar oil of Aquilaria agallocha grown in Assam. Methods: Fungal infected agar laden wooden chips grown in Assam were soaked in water for 6 to 7 days and grounded into smaller pieces and hydro distilled to obtain the oil. 2 µl of the oil sample diluted in methanol was used for GC/MS analysis to study the chemical constituents. Results: GC-MS analysis of the oil has shown the presence of at least 35 different compounds, out of which 17 compounds were identified. Three furanoids viz. 3 methyl-2-(2 methyl-2-butenyl)-furan; 2-isobuteyl-3 methyl furan and 3-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)furan were identified as the main aromatic components of the oil. Besides these some acids, ketones alcohol and aldehydes were also identified and reported here. Conclusion: Variation in the quality of the oil has been observed depending upon geographical region on which the trees are grown, age of the plant and extent of disease lesions formed in the wood, which was evident by studying the phytochemical constituents of the oil. Keywords : GCMS, Eaglewood, Essential oil
OnionSIP: Preserving Privacy in SIP with Onion Routing (2020)

While more and more users turn to IP-based communication technologies, privacy and anonymity remain largely open issues. One of the most prominent VoIP protocols for multimedia session management is SIP which, despite its popularity, suffers from security and privacy aws. As SIP messages are sent in plain text, user data are exposed to intermediate proxies and eavesdroppers. As a result, information about users participating in a call can leak from header data, which cannot be omitted since they are needed for the correct routing of SIP messages to their final destination. Even more, traffic analysis attacks can be mounted with data stemming from lower layers. To redress this kind of problems, privacy can be achieved either by the construction of a lower level tunnel (via the use of SSL or IPsec protocols) or by employing a customtailored solution. However, SSL and IPsec are known for leading to undesirable, non affordable delays, and thus the need for a SIP-oriented solution is preferable. In the context of this article, we evaluate three alternative solutions to encounter the above issues. More specifically, we use two well-known anonymity networks, Tor and I2P, for secluding both caller's and callee's actions by securing SIP messages content. As a third solution, we present our proposal for preserving privacy in SIP signaling, by using an onion-routing approach, where selected sensitive fields of SIP messages are encrypted using either asymmetric or symmetric encryption. We compare these three alternatives in terms of performance, mentioning the pros and cons that come up with each proposal. Our work also presents the reasons why other existing anonymity networks fail to be considered as appropriate for preserving anonymity in SIP.
3D Printing of Conductive Complex Structures with In Situ Generation of Silver Nanoparticles (2016)

Coupling the photoreduction of a metal precursor with 3D-printing technology is shown to allow the fabrication of conductive 3D hybrid structures consisting of metal nanoparticles and organic polymers shaped in complex multilayered architectures. 3D conductive structures are fabricated incorporating silver nitrate into a photocurable oligomer in the presence of suitable photoinitiators and exposing them to a digital light system.
Automatized Parametrization of SCC-DFTB Repulsive Potentials: Application to Hydrocarbons (2009)

In this work, we derive and test a new automatized strategy to construct repulsive potentials for the self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method. This approach allows one to explore the parameter space in a systematic fashion in order to find optimal solutions. We find that due to the limited flexibility of the SCC-DFTB electronic part, not all properties can be optimized simultaneously. For example, the optimization of heats of formation is in conflict with the optimization of vibrational frequencies. Therefore, a special parametrization for vibrational frequencies is derived. It is shown that the performance of SCC-DFTB can be significantly improved using a more elaborate fitting strategy. A new fit for C and H is presented, which results in an average error of 2.6 kcal/mol for heats of formations for a large set of hydrocarbons, indicating that the performance of SCC-DFTB can be systematically improved also for other elements.
The Annals of Tacitus - P. Cornelii Taciti libri qui supersunt. Post C. Halm-G. Andresen septimum edidit Ericvs Koestermann. Tom. I : <i>Annales</i>. Leipzig: Teubner, 1952. Cloth, DM. 13. (1954)

The Annals of Tacitus - P. Cornelii Taciti libri qui supersunt. Post C. Halm-G. Andresen septimum edidit Ericvs Koestermann. Tom. I : Annales. Leipzig: Teubner, 1952. Cloth, DM. 13. - Volume 4 Issue 3-4
Amphetamines in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (1975)

Twenty-two patients with Parkinsonism were treated with levoamphetamine and 12 of these with dextroamphetamine. Levoamphetamine resulted in a significant improvement in disability from Parkinsonism, although the reduction in total disability, tremor, akinesia, and rigidity scores was slight (ca 20 percent). Dextroamphetamine in lower dosage also reduced disability by some 17 percent. The most disabled patients, including those also on levodopa, showed the greatest response to amphetamines. Previously, amphetamines have been reported to be a selective treatment for the oculogyric crises of post-encephalitic Parkinsonism. Amphetamines are thought to cause the release of catecholamines from central neurones. Their action in Parkinson's disease may be limited because of pre-existing striatal dopamine deficiency. Side-effects of amphetamines, anorexia, and CNS stimulation are different from those caused by levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Identification of synchronous generator saturation models based on on-line digital measurements (1995)

Accurate stability analysis requires the precise modelling of electric machine saturation phenomena. The paper presents a technique suitable for identifying several typical machine saturation models. It is shown that the technique can be used to identify nonlinearities associated with saturation and cross-magnetisation effects. An algorithm is designed to estimate all parameters of the machine models and the associated saturation functions. Numerical studies on a synchronous generator are included, using online measured data of the Taipower system recorded by the plant transient recording and analysis system.