gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Function of Laminins in the Neuromuscular System of Developing, Adult, and Mutant Mice (1997)

Laminins, heterotrimers of alpha, beta, and gamma chains, are prominent constituents of basal laminae (BLs) throughout the body. Previous studies have shown that laminins affect both myogenesis and synaptogenesis in skeletal muscle. Here we have studied the distribution of the 10 known laminin chains in muscle and peripheral nerve, and assayed the ability of several heterotrimers to affect the outgrowth of motor axons. We show that cultured muscle cells express four different alpha chains (alpha1, alpha2, alpha4, and alpha5), and that developing muscles incorporate all four into BLs. The portion of the muscle's BL that occupies the synaptic cleft contains at least three alpha chains and two beta chains, but each is regulated differently. Initially, the alpha2, alpha4, alpha5, and beta1 chains are present both extrasynaptically and synaptically, whereas beta2 is restricted to synaptic BL from its first appearance. As development proceeds, alpha2 remains broadly distributed, whereas alpha4 and alpha5 are lost from extrasynaptic BL and beta1 from synaptic BL. In adults, alpha4 is restricted to primary synaptic clefts whereas alpha5 is present in both primary and secondary clefts. Thus, adult extrasynaptic BL is rich in laminin 2 (alpha2beta1gamma1), and synaptic BL contains laminins 4 (alpha2beta2gamma1), 9 (alpha4beta2gamma1), and 11 (alpha5beta2gamma1). Likewise, in cultured muscle cells, alpha2 and beta1 are broadly distributed but alpha5 and beta2 are concentrated at acetylcholine receptor-rich "hot spots," even in the absence of nerves. The endoneurial and perineurial BLs of peripheral nerve also contain distinct laminin chains: alpha2, beta1, gamma1, and alpha4, alpha5, beta2, gamma1, respectively. Mutation of the laminin alpha2 or beta2 genes in mice not only leads to loss of the respective chains in both nerve and muscle, but also to coordinate loss and compensatory upregulation of other chains. Notably, loss of beta2 from synaptic BL in beta2(-/-) "knockout" mice is accompanied by loss of alpha5, and decreased levels of alpha2 in dystrophic alpha2(dy/dy) mice are accompanied by compensatory retention of alpha4. Finally, we show that motor axons respond in distinct ways to different laminin heterotrimers: they grow freely between laminin 1 (alpha1beta1gamma1) and laminin 2, fail to cross from laminin 4 to laminin 1, and stop upon contacting laminin 11. The ability of laminin 11 to serve as a stop signal for growing axons explains, in part, axonal behaviors observed at developing and regenerating synapses in vivo.
Evaluation of adhesively bonded joint strength of CFRP with laser treatment (2015)

Pulsed laser surface treatment was applied to carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) to enhance the work efficiency as well as to establish the stable clean process of surface pre-treatment during the bonding process of CFRP structures. Surface analyses were conducted to CFRP treated by various laser conditions in order to find the optimal laser process. Adhesively bonded specimens were fabricated using CFRPs subjected to laser treatment, and adhesive lap shear strength of CFRPs bonded with adhesive films was evaluated compared with the abrasive paper treatment. Surface conditions, adhesive strength, and adhesive fracture mode depended on the treatment parameters, and adhesive strength similar to abrasive paper treatment could be obtained in the specimens with appropriate laser treatment. It was concluded that laser surface treatment can be applied to the surface treatment process of CFRP bonded structures.
Genetic and antigenic characterization of recent human-like H1 (δ-cluster) swine influenza virus isolates (2011)

Objective: To assess genetic and antigenic properties of contemporary human-like H1 (δ-cluster) swine influenza virus (SIV) isolates circulating in US swine herds. Materials and methods: The hemagglutinin genes from 37 δ-cluster SIV isolates were fully sequenced. The isolates were antigenically categorized using a high throughput serum neutralization (HTSN) assay incorporating antisera generated against the four currently circulating clusters of H1 SIV and a commercial vaccine containing a δ-cluster SIV isolate. A subset of the isolates were further characterized with the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay using H1 SIV antisera. Results: Genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene of 2009-2010 δ-cluster isolates identified five distinct subclusters with 97% to 100% sequence similarity within subclusters and 95% to 97% similarity between subclusters. Antisera generated against SIV representing α, β, and γ clusters failed to neutralize any of 37 δ-cluster viruses in an HTSN assay. Only 46% of the δ-cluster isolates were neutralized by at least one δ-cluster antiserum. Hemagglutination inhibition assay results on a subset of thirteen 2010 isolates were in good agreement with the HTSN assay, with 38% of the isolates positive (HI titer > 40) to at least one δ-cluster antiserum. There was no measurable antibody titer to antiserum generated from the commercial vaccine or the 13 isolates. Implications: Significant genetic and antigenic heterogeneity exists among δ-cluster H1 SIV isolates, suggesting that either multiple representatives of this cluster may be required in commercial vaccines or that herd-specific vaccines may be required to protect swine from influenza virus infection.
Effects of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> on the Central Nervous System: Activation of Glial Cells and Exacerbation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2002)

The present study provides evidence that infection with a periodontal pathogen, such as P. gingivalis, may play a role in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory disorders such as MS.
<i>P</i>‐value based analysis for shared controls design in genome‐wide association studies (2010)

An appealing genome-wide association study design compares one large control group against several disease samples. A pioneering study by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium that employed such a design has identified multiple susceptibility regions, many of which have been independently replicated. While reusing a control sample provides effective utilization of data, it also creates correlation between association statistics across diseases. An observation of a large association statistic for one of the diseases may greatly increase chances of observing a spuriously large association for a different disease. Accounting for the correlation is also particularly important when screening for SNPs that might be involved in a set of diseases with overlapping etiology. We describe methods that correct association statistics for dependency due to shared controls, and we describe ways to obtain a measure of overall evidence and to combine association signals across multiple diseases. The methods we describe require no access to individual subject data, instead, they efficiently utilize information contained in P-values for association reported for individual diseases. P-value based combined tests for association are flexible and essentially as powerful as the approach based on aggregating the individual subject data.
Harnessing Changes in Cellular Glycosylation in New Cancer Treatment Strategies (2004)

The majority of proteins are modified in post-translational events and one of the most common of these is glycosylation. Many reports describe alterations to the normal cellular glycosylation in cancer but detailed knowledge of the underlying structures and mechanisms that result in the altered glycosylation of cancer glycoproteins have been hindered by the inherent complexity of glycans themselves. Improved analytical tools for the study of glycosylation and application of molecular techniques for the characterisation of the genes encoding glycosyltransferases have, however, enabled the structural identification of some of the cancer-associated changes in glycosylation. The observed alterations in protein glycosylation in cancer have led to clinical trials in which glycans on cancer cell-surface proteins are targeted. These new approaches to cancer treatment include immunotherapy and carbohydrate-processing inhibitor-based strategies. Compounds that mimic glycans involved in the metastatic dissemination of cancer are also actively sought. The results that have been obtained and the long-term potential of these new approaches are discussed in this review article.
REVIEWS ZOLAÉMILE: The Ladies' Paradise. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by NELSONBRIAN. (The World's Classics). Oxford-New York, Oxford University Press, 1995. xxxi + 438 pp. Pb £6.99; $11.95. (1997)

REVIEWS Get access ÉMILE ZOLA: The Ladies' Paradise. Translated with an Introduction and Notes by BRIAN NELSON. (The World's Classics). Oxford-New York, Oxford University Press, 1995. xxxi + 438 pp. Pb £6.99; $11.95. JOY NEWTON JOY NEWTON UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume LI, Issue 3, July 1997, Pages 339–340, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/LI.3.339 Published: 01 July 1997
Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human uterine cervix cancer tissues (2010)

In the present study, MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) were successfully isolated and identified from hUCC (human uterine cervix cancer) tissues. The morphological appearance, immunophenotype, growth curve, cell cycle, cytogenetic features and differentiation potential of these cells were investigated. Results showed that cells isolated from the uterine cervix cancer tissues displayed fibroblast-like morphology and grew into colonies. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry revealed that the isolated cells were positive for CD13, CD29, CD44, CD105 and HLA-I, while negative for CD10, CD14, CD31, CD34, CD38 and HLA-DR. The cells kept a normal karyotype by chromosome analysis. At the third passage, the percentages of cells in G0-/G1-, 2-/M- and S-phase were 84.94, 8.36 and 6.71%, respectively. Under appropriate induction conditions, these cells can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic cells and hepatocytes. Taken together, MSCs were confirmed to exist in hUCC tissues, which may provide a new target for clinical cancer therapy.
Spectral reflectance (1998)

measurement uncertainty including random and systematic errors and an error budget; and (6) internal quality control procedures used by NIST. These documents will present more detail than can be given in NIST calibration reports, or than is generally allowed in articles in scientific journals.
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 203/4 (2006)

Abstract This issue of physica status solidi ( a ) contains the majority of papers presented at the 2nd Sino–German Symposium “The Silicon Age” which was held at the Lindner Hotel Cottbus, Germany, 19–24 September 2005. This meeting followed the 1st Symposium “Progress in Silicon Materials” held in June 2002 in Hangzhou, P.R. China. 8 Chinese and 14 German scientists from universities, research institutes and industry were invited to present their views about different aspects of silicon. There was a continuous progress in silicon materials development during the last 40–50 years, driven by the need of the IC industry for better and larger monocrystalline silicon wafers. Moreover, low‐cost crystalline silicon now dominates the world's production of solar cells in the photovoltaics industry. Furthermore, there are intensive research activities worldwide for on‐chip integration of Si‐based photonics in CMOS technology. In addition, new areas being connected with silicon are starting to appear, namely Si‐based biochips and nanoelectronics. Silicon, one can reasonably argue, is already the most investigated of all materials. However, there is still a need for continuation of research and development regarding numerous aspects of Si and also SiGe, including related technologies, advanced diagnostics or the role of crystal defects, which are the working fields of many laboratories all over the world. This was also shown by the presentations at the symposium and can be found in the contributions contained in this issue. The organizers would like to thank the participants for their high level contributions and discussions during the symposium. This intensive and open communication allowed the participants to create synergies between the different fields of silicon research and also to build up relationships for cooperation between Chinese and German research groups. Finally, we would like to thank the Sino–German Science Center for the financial support of the symposium.
Comparative Analysis of Intestinal Tract Models (2015)

The human gut is a complex ecosystem occupied by a diverse microbial community. Modulation of this microbiota impacts health and disease. The definitive way to investigate the impact of dietary intervention on the gut microbiota is a human trial. However, human trials are expensive and can be difficult to control; thus, initial screening is desirable. Utilization of a range of in vitro and in vivo models means that useful information can be gathered prior to the necessity for human intervention. This review discusses the benefits and limitations of these approaches.
Inhibitors of Intravesicular Acidification Protect Against Shiga Toxin in a <scp>pH</scp>‐Independent Manner (2011)

Shiga toxin inhibits protein synthesis after being transported from the cell surface to endosomes and retrogradely through the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and into the cytosol. In this study, we have abolished proton gradients across internal membranes in different ways and investigated the effect on the various transport steps of Shiga toxin. Although inhibitors of the proton pump such as bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A as well as some ionophores and chloroquine all protect against Shiga toxin, they mediate protection by inhibiting different transport steps. For instance, chloroquine protects the cells, although the toxin is transported to the ER. Importantly, our data indicate that proton pump activity is required for efficient endosome-to-Golgi transport of Shiga toxin, although acidification as such does not seem to be required.
Partial discharge location as a diagnostic tool for power cables (2002)

The competitive environment created by free market electricity supply requires that electric utilities reduce capital and operating expenses and, at the same time, increase the overall quality of electricity. Underground distribution cable systems are particularly sensitive to this need, which can be effectively addressed by in-situ diagnostic tests. This paper discusses one such diagnostic method based on the location of discrete partial discharge sites. The paper briefly reviews the conditions under which a cable service would produce partial discharges. It illustrates the fact that, although cable systems undergo some overall deterioration, service failures occur at the sites of discrete defects, which in most instances can be identified by a partial discharge test. The principles of the test are reviewed and statistical data with significant case studies are presented. The effects of maximum test voltage and instrument sensitivity are discussed in the light of statistical field test data.
Implication of bax in apoptosis depends on microtubule network mobility (2004)

Paclitaxel and vincristine sulfate, two anti-microtubule agents are known to induce apoptosis. In this study, we tried to apprehend the relationship between the regulation of apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2-family proteins and the cytoskeleton structure during apoptosis induction by these two drugs. Paclitaxel and vincristine sulfate were used for a 24-h incubation and resulted in EC50 of 1 micro M and 1 micro g/ml, respectively. Under these conditions, paclitaxel treatment induced microtubule network polymerization, condensation of chromatin, characteristic features of early and late apoptosis as confirmed by orange acridine and ethydium bromide double staining. However, the shape of cells was not modified, while mitochondria changed their conformation from filamentous to aggregated corpuscles located around the nucleus. In addition, pro-apoptotic Bax protein remained in the cytoplasm, the beta-tubulin polymerization induced phosphorylation and inactivation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and/or BclX/L proteins leading to intense mitochondria swelling and membrane disruption that are responsible for observed cytochrome c release and apoptotic proceeding. On the contrary, after vincristine sulfate treatment we observed morphological modifications such as cell shrinkage and nucleus condensation as the result of beta-tubulin depolarization and disruption of microtubules. Bax protein was intensively translocated into mitochondria membrane, decreasing the proportion of Bax/Bcl-2 or Bax/Bcl-xL heterodimers allowing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and apoptotic process. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the two anti-microtubule agents (paclitaxel and vincristine sulfate) induced apoptosis by two different pathways. However, mitochondrial dysfunction followed by cytochrome c release are the crucial events whatever the apoptotic signal, polymerization or disruption of beta-tubulin.
Effects of NaCl stress on fatty acid composition and protein composition in endoplasmic reticulum membrane of Broussonetia papyrifera. (2009)

Changes of fatty acid and protein composition of endoplasmic reticulum(ER) membrane in root and leaf of Broussonetia papyrifera(L.) L'Hrit.ex Vent.plantlets at stress condition of 50-150 mmol·L-1 NaCl were studied by gas chromatography and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.The results show that there are obvious differences in fatty acid composition of ER membrane in root and leaf,but the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids in both of them is higher.The fatty acid composition is mainly consisted of palmitic acid,stearic acid,palmitoleic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolelaidic acid,and there are also arachidic acid,behenic acid,lignoceric acid,linolenic acid and cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid in root and elaidic acid in leaf.The index of unsaturated fatty acids(IUFA) is higher in root than in leaf.NaCl stress has a certain influence on fatty acid and protein compositions of ER membrane in root and leaf of B.papyrifera plantlets.In root,the relative content of saturated fatty acids of ER membrane increases,while the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids decreases,and the IUFA decreases gradually with the increase of NaCl concentration.In leaf,the variation trend of relative content of each fatty acid varies,the IUFA of ER membrane under low NaCl concentration is higher than that of the control,and then declines with the increase of NaCl concentration.Moreover,the decrease range of IUFA in root is greater than that in leaf.Protein composition of ER membrane in root and leaf is obviously different.NaCl stress with different concentrations not only has an effect on the expression amount of proteins in ER membrane,but also lead to the protein band with a relative molecular weight of 70 000 in root disappearing and a new protein band with a relative molecular weight of 95 000 in leaf appearing.
Multifactorial ERβ and NOTCH1 control of squamous differentiation and cancer (2014)

Downmodulation or loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding NOTCH1 are associated with dysfunctional squamous cell differentiation and development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in skin and internal organs. While NOTCH1 receptor activation has been well characterized, little is known about how NOTCH1 gene transcription is regulated. Using bioinformatics and functional screening approaches, we identified several regulators of the NOTCH1 gene in keratinocytes, with the transcription factors DLX5 and EGR3 and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) directly controlling its expression in differentiation. DLX5 and ERG3 are required for RNA polymerase II (PolII) recruitment to the NOTCH1 locus, while ERβ controls NOTCH1 transcription through RNA PolII pause release. Expression of several identified NOTCH1 regulators, including ERβ, is frequently compromised in skin, head and neck, and lung SCCs and SCC-derived cell lines. Furthermore, a keratinocyte ERβ-dependent program of gene expression is subverted in SCCs from various body sites, and there are consistent differences in mutation and gene-expression signatures of head and neck and lung SCCs in female versus male patients. Experimentally increased ERβ expression or treatment with ERβ agonists inhibited proliferation of SCC cells and promoted NOTCH1 expression and squamous differentiation both in vitro and in mouse xenotransplants. Our data identify a link between transcriptional control of NOTCH1 expression and the estrogen response in keratinocytes, with implications for differentiation therapy of squamous cancer.
3D hand gesture recognition based on Polar Rotation Feature and Linear Discriminant Analysis (2013)

A new method based on Polar Rotation Feature and Linear Discriminant Analysis for hand gesture recognition is proposed in this paper. The gesture images in our system are derived from a 3D laser scanner which generates depth data. Hand area segmentation, hole-filling and normalization are done first, then a feature of the polar rotation distance is extracted via polar-coordinate transformation. Utilized PCA+LDA as the classifier. Experiences show our algorithm is robust and accurate. Finally we achieve 96.67% recognition rates under a set of six kinds of hand gestures.
The CD34 Antigen: Structure, Biology, and Potential Clinical Applications (1992)

The diversity of function of mature circulating blood cells is reflected in their respective complements of cell-surface molecules and receptors. Although monoclonal antibodies have been instrumental in the identification and characterization of many cell-surface molecules on mature hematopoietic cells, the CD34 antigen represents to date, the only molecule, similarly identified, whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of primitive progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Although its precise function remains unknown, the pattern of expression of the CD34 structure suggests that it plays an important role in early hematopoiesis. The availability of CD34 antibodies has greatly aided the development of techniques for the enrichment of primitive progenitor cells for studies of hematopoiesis in vitro. Additionally, the use of CD34 antibodies for the 'positive selection' of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells represents and alternative strategy to 'negative selection' or purging for the large-scale manipulation of bone marrow cells prior to transplantation. The availability of pure populations of the most primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells may also facilitate the development of genetic techniques for the repair of specific blood cell disorders. In this article, we review the biology of the CD34 molecule and assess some of the roles for CD34 antibodies in immunopathology and for progenitor/stem cell purification in clinical applications.