gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Impact of Methylation at the M.<i>Hha</i>I Target Site:  A Solid-State Deuterium NMR Study (2001)

Base methylation plays an important role in numerous biological functions of DNA, from inhibition of cleavage by endonucleases to inhibition of transcription factor binding. Studies of nucleic acid structure have shown little differences in unmethylated DNAs and the identical sequence containing methylated analogues. We have investigated changes in the local dynamics of DNA upon substitution of a methylated cytosine analogue for cytosine using solid-state deuterium NMR. In particular, we have observed changes in the local dynamics at the target site of the M. HhaI restriction system. These studies observe changes in the amplitudes of the local backbone dynamics at the actual target site of the HhaI methyltransferase. This conclusion is another indication that the significant result of base methylation is to perturb the local dynamics, and therefore the local conformational flexibility, of the DNA helix, inhibiting or restricting the protein's ability to manipulate the DNA helix in order to perform its chemical alterations.
Vocational interests of female computer programmers. (1968)

Abstract : Scores of 293 female computer programmers on the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) for men were found to be quite similar to those of male programmers, although the women had somewhat higher interests in aesthetic and scientific fields and lower interests in technical and technical supervision occupations. Interest items characteristic of female programmers indicate a strong interest in all forms of mathematics and disinterest in people. Several interest keys were developed from items that are in the SVIBs for both men and women and that differentiate female programmers from other professional women. A key containing responses with 12 percent or higher differences was selected for use. It showed 23 percent overlapping of professional women in general with a group of female programmers not used in key construction. Programmers who are dissatisfied with their occupation score significantly lower on the key than do satisfied programmers. Normative data for the female computer programmer key and for women's scores on the male computer programmer key are provided. (Author)
3.2 GHz operation of all-optical synchronisation circuit (1989)

The letter describes 3.2 GHz operation of an all-optical synchronisation circuit The lock-in range was about ±30 MHz when the intensity ratio of input trigger light to output light was −2.8 dB. The smallest intensity ratio of the input trigger light to output light required for synchronisation was −16dB.
Microbial isoprenoid biosynthesis and human γδ T cell activation (2003)

Human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells play a crucial role in the immune response to microbial pathogens, yet their unconventional reactivity towards non-peptide antigens has been enigmatic until recently. The break-through in identification of the specific activator was only possible due to recent success in a seemingly remote field: the elucidation of the reaction steps of the newly discovered 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis that is utilised by many pathogenic bacteria. Unexpectedly, the intermediate of the MEP pathway, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl-pyrophosphate) (HMB-PP), turned out to be by far the most potent Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell activator known, with an EC(50) of 0.1 nM.
Ionic liquid-based electrolytes for “beyond lithium” battery technologies (2016)

One of the significant challenges common to “beyond lithium” battery technologies is the development of safe and reliable electrolytes. In this review an overview of the use of ionic liquids (IL) as electrolytes for sodium, magnesium, aluminum and zinc batteries is provided. The current state of IL-based electrolytes, along with the advantages of ILs and the challenges from the perspective of the electrolyte, is presented.
Enzyme Activity and Electrophoretic Profile of Extracellular Protein Induced in Trichoderma spp. by Cell Walls of Rhizoctonia solani (1986)

Summary: 1,3-β-D-Glucanase and chitinase activities were induced in Trichoderma harzianum when glucose or cell walls of Rhizoctonia solani (anastomosis group AG2) were used as sole carbon source. Electrophoresis showed that more proteins were induced by cell walls than by glucose. The composition, as revealed by electrophoresis, of the T. harzianum extracellular proteins was similar when grown on R. solani AG2 and AG4 cell walls but different for R. solani AG1 cell walls. Several major proteins were induced in all strains of T. harzianum but there were strain differences in the number and intensity of other proteins. The number of induced proteins was less for four strains of T. viride and their composition was different from those of five strains of T. harzianum. The results indicate that chitinase, 1,3-β-D-glucanase and a large number of other extracellular proteins may be involved in the degradation of R. solani cell walls.
Localization of human immunoglobulin kappa light chain variable region genes to the short arm of chromosome 2 by in situ hybridization. (1982)

The genes for human immunoglobulin kappa light chains have been localized in normal lymphocyte and fibroblast chromosomes by in situ hybridization of probes from cloned DNA fragments of the kappa variable region locus. The localization was achieved by counting grains (after autoradiography) over chromosomes in a number of karyotypes. The variable region gene probes hybridized in a cluster on a region of the chromosome 2 short arm close to the centromere (2cen leads to p12). This location was confirmed in lymphocytes from a balanced translocation carrier 46XXt (2; 16) (q13; q22). Our results show that human kappa light chain genes are located in the region of the break point observed in specific chromosomal translocations associated with Burkitt lymphoma.
Efficient 3-D scene analysis from streaming data (2013)

Rich scene understanding from 3-D point clouds is a challenging task that requires contextual reasoning, which is typically computationally expensive. The task is further complicated when we expect the scene analysis algorithm to also efficiently handle data that is continuously streamed from a sensor on a mobile robot. Hence, we are typically forced to make a choice between 1) using a precise representation of the scene at the cost of speed, or 2) making fast, though inaccurate, approximations at the cost of increased misclassifications. In this work, we demonstrate that we can achieve the best of both worlds by using an efficient and simple representation of the scene in conjunction with recent developments in structured prediction in order to obtain both efficient and state-of-the-art classifications. Furthermore, this efficient scene representation naturally handles streaming data and provides a 300% to 500% speedup over more precise representations.
UV Light-Induced Decomposiffon and Polymerization of Organosilicon Compounds. (1998)

The application of photochemical reaction for depositing SiC thin films fromorganosilicon compounds at lowtemperatures has been exploited. Methylsilane Si (CH3) 4, allylmethylsilane CH2=CHCH2Si (CH3) 3 andtriethylsilane SiH (C2H5) 3 are utilized as precursors for the deposition of SiC films. Synchrotron radiation (SR) in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) region are used as the exciting light source. We usephoton-stimulateddesorption (PSD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to follow chemical changes of condencedlayers of organosiliconcaused by UV and VUV-SR irradiation. PSD data demonstrate that UV and VUV irradiation initiates thedesorption of hydrogen and carbon fragments, an indication that the photofragmentation of the organosilicon compounds occur upon UV and VUV irradiation. IR data show that Si-containing photofragments arepolymerized to form amorphous SiC.
Concurrent chronic administration of a CCKB antagonist can decrease tolerance to the ataxic effects of ethanol (1999)

The effects of chronic administration of a CCK(B) antagonist, CAM1028, were examined on the development of tolerance to ethanol and the appearance of withdrawal signs. Ethanol was given chronically by liquid diet, and none of the dose schedules of CAM1028 affected the amount of ethanol taken in during the chronic treatment. Brain ethanol concentrations were not altered by the administration of CAM1028.The ataxic effects of ethanol were tested on a rotorod, 3 hours after cessation of the ethanol administration, and the last injections of CAM1028 were given 8 hours before withdrawal from the ethanol treatment. When administered at 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg, CAM1028 decreased the extent of tolerance development. Higher doses, 1 and 3 mg/kg, did not alter the tolerance development. Chronic administration of CAM1028 had a small effect in protecting against the effects of ethanol withdrawal that, in contrast to the effects on the tolerance, was seen only at the highest dose, 10 mg/kg, of CAM1028.
BOP-mediated one-pot synthesis of C5-symmetric macrocyclic pyridone pentamers (2011)

We report here, for the first time, the BOP-mediated one-pot macrocyclization that is facilitated and guided by internally placed intramolecular H-bonds to allow for the highly selective formation of five-residue cation-binding macrocycles.
Synchronization and control of multi-threads for MPEG-4 video decoder (2003)

The implementation of the MPEG-4 video decoder can have many approaches. Because of the multiple functionalities offered by the MPEG-4 video decoder, the use of a programmable chip could be a better solution for many applications. For practical reasons, a multiprocessor chip or, sometimes, multiple programmable chips are often preferred for implementation of the MPEG-4 video decoder. We discuss the partition of the MPEG-4 video decoder into multiple tasks and mapping these tasks to a multiprocessor architecture. The issues of inter-processor communication and control, and synchronization of multi-threads are also addressed.
Imaging of ischemic but viable myocardium using a new 18F-labeled 2-nitroimidazole analog, 18F-FRP170. (2002)

We succeeded in visualizing the ischemic but viable myocardium as a hot spot on the 18F-FRP170 image. 18F-FRP170 can be expected to provide important information for determining the necessity of coronary intervention in ischemic heart disease patients, including diabetic patients.
Effect of the Hydrophobicity to Net Positive Charge Ratio on Antibacterial and Anti-Endotoxin Activities of Structurally Similar Antimicrobial Peptides (2010)

The interaction between host-defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) governs both the susceptibility of the bacteria to the peptide and the ability of the peptide to inhibit LPS activation of immune cells. Both functions depend on the biophysical properties of the peptides. However, the sequence and structural diversity of AMPs makes it difficult to determine common denominators required for antimicrobial and LPS neutralizing activities. Toward this end, we synthesized and investigated a series of nine 12-amino acid peptides and their fatty acid-conjugated analogues composed of both D- and L-isomers of Leu and Lys at various ratios. The positions of the D-amino acids were preserved. These peptides differ in their net positive charge and hydrophobicity. However, their overall structure in the membrane is similar, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The peptides and their analogues were functionally tested for their antibacterial and hemolytic activity, their ability to permeate LPS vesicles, their ability to neutralize LPS activation of macrophages, and their effect on LPS morphology, determined by negative staining electron microscopy. The data revealed that increasing the ratio between hydrophobicity and the net positive charge increases both antimicrobial and LPS neutralization activities, but with different modes of contributions. Whereas antimicrobial activity increases linearly with the increase in the peptides' hydrophobicity, peptides with different hydrophobicities are endowed with similar LPS neutralizing activities. Besides adding important information regarding AMP parameters involved in antimicrobial and anti-LPS activities, this study suggests the use of such diastereomers as potential templates for the development of simple molecules that conduct both types of functions.
Mechanical strength of silicon crystals with oxygen and/or germanium impurities (1992)

Using an indentation test at 900 °C, we studied the mechanical strength of epitaxial and Czochralski (CZ) silicon single crystals with germanium concentrations between 1018 and 1021 cm−3. The strength of CZ crystals is found to increase for germanium concentrations above 6×1019 cm−3 and that of epitaxial crystals independent of germanium concentrations below 3×1020 cm−3. Yamada-Kaneta, Kaneta, and Ogawa [16th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1991), p. 286] report that in CZ crystals alloyed with germanium in excess of 6×1019 cm−3, oxygen atoms occupy the interstitial sites next to the germanium atoms. A model compatible with the observations is that the increased strength is due to dislocation immobilization by oxygen atoms adjacent to germanium atoms.
The Carbomer-Lecithin Adjuvant Adjuplex Has Potent Immunoactivating Properties and Elicits Protective Adaptive Immunity against Influenza Virus Challenge in Mice (2015)

The continued discovery and development of adjuvants for vaccine formulation are important to safely increase potency and/or reduce the antigen doses of existing vaccines and tailor the adaptive immune response to newly developed vaccines. Adjuplex is a novel adjuvant platform based on a purified lecithin and carbomer homopolymer. Here, we analyzed the adjuvant activity of Adjuplex in mice for the soluble hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza A virus. The titration of Adjuplex revealed an optimal dose of 1% for immunogenicity, eliciting high titers of HA-specific IgG but inducing no significant weight loss. At this dose, Adjuplex completely protected mice from an otherwise lethal influenza virus challenge and was at least as effective as the adjuvants monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and alum in preventing disease. Adjuplex elicited balanced Th1-/Th2-type immune responses with accompanying cytokines and triggered antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell proliferation. The use of the peritoneal inflammation model revealed that Adjuplex recruited dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and neutrophils in the context of innate cytokine and chemokine secretion. Adjuplex neither triggered classical maturation of DCs nor activated a pathogen recognition receptor (PRR)-expressing NF-κB reporter cell line, suggesting a mechanism of action different from that reported for classical pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-activated innate immunity. Taken together, these data reveal Adjuplex to be a potent and well-tolerated adjuvant with application for subunit vaccines.
Application of technology and asynchronous learning networks in large lecture classes (2002)

The evolution of the computer-assisted personalized approach (CAPA) system and its use in large lecture classes is described. Further individual student contact in these large classes of over 400 students has been established by implementing an asynchronous learning network (ALN). The two systems complement each other and provide the means to monitor and promote the individual student performance at any time during the semester. During the last semester poorly performing students were individually contacted with personalized e-mails to inform them of their standing and to encourage better performance. Results of this combined technological approach are presented.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in BCR-ABL positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2015)

effects of these ribosomal defects on the cellular translation profile in T-ALL has still not been made. Moreover, it remains to be established whether these defects are promoting leukemia by altering the translational profile of the ribosome (Figure
Research and implementation on spatial data storage and operation based on Hadoop platform (2010)

As the deep development of spatial information sharing service, it brings forward high request to usability and expansibility of supporting system. Based on large-scale scalable server cluster, cloud computing brings hopes to resolves the existing difficult problems in the domain of geospatial information service. In this paper, we imported cloud computing technology including MapReduce model and Hadoop platform into the domain of geographic information system (GIS). Those key technology problems in the application of GIS such as spatial data storage, spatial index and spatial operation were described and studied in detail. We evaluated the performance and efficiency of spatial operation in Hadoop experiment environment with the real world data set. It demonstrates the applicability of cloud computing technology in computing-intensive spatial applications.
Levator Trauma After Vaginal Delivery (2005)

In Brief OBJECTIVE: To date, the evidence on pelvic floor injury in labor remains sketchy due to a lack of prospective studies comparing pelvic floor imaging before and after childbirth. We intended to define the incidence of major trauma to the pubovisceral muscle. METHODS: A total of 61 nulliparous women were seen at 36–40 weeks of gestation in a prospective observational study. The assessment included an interview and 3-dimensional translabial ultrasound and was repeated 2–6 months postpartum. RESULTS: Fifty women (82%) were seen postpartum. Of the 39 women delivered vaginally, levator avulsion was diagnosed in 14 (36%, 95% confidence interval 21–51%). Among those delivered vaginally, there were associations with higher maternal age (P = .10), vaginal operative delivery (P = .07), and worsened stress incontinence postpartum (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Avulsion of the inferomedial aspects of the levator ani from the pelvic sidewall occurred in approximately one third of all women delivered vaginally and was associated with stress incontinence 3 months after childbirth. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3 Vaginal delivery caused significant trauma to the pubovisceral muscle in about 1 of 3 primiparous women, as evident on 3-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasonography.
[Evaluation of capability of cell count and detection of tumor cells in cerebrospinal and body fluids by automated hematology analyzer]. (2010)

Sysmex XE-5000 offers the body fluid modus which provides the opportunity to count and differentiate leukocytes in body fluids and cerebrospinal fluid (CFS). In this study, we evaluated the basic performance of this application using routinely obtained samples in comparison with manual counting. Reproducibility study yielded good results in samples with a high white blood cell (WBC) count, whereas relatively high imprecision was observed at low WBC counts. Linearity was established up to 1,500 cells/microL in CFS and 5,600 cells/microL in body fluid. The cell count by XE-5000 was highly correlated with that of the microscopic reference method. Highly fluorescent body fluid cells percent (HF-BF%) was observed in samples with tumor cells or activated macrophages, which provides information about the possible presence of tumor cells. In conclusion, total and differential WBC counts in body fluid and CFS can be reliably determined by XE-5000 in samples with increased cell counts. XE-5000 also provides screening information about the presence of tumor cells for further manual examination.
TopicRNN: A Recurrent Neural Network with Long-Range Semantic Dependency (2016)

In this paper, we propose TopicRNN, a recurrent neural network (RNN)-based language model designed to directly capture the global semantic meaning relating words in a document via latent topics. Because of their sequential nature, RNNs are good at capturing the local structure of a word sequence - both semantic and syntactic - but might face difficulty remembering long-range dependencies. Intuitively, these long-range dependencies are of semantic nature. In contrast, latent topic models are able to capture the global underlying semantic structure of a document but do not account for word ordering. The proposed TopicRNN model integrates the merits of RNNs and latent topic models: it captures local (syntactic) dependencies using an RNN and global (semantic) dependencies using latent topics. Unlike previous work on contextual RNN language modeling, our model is learned end-to-end. Empirical results on word prediction show that TopicRNN outperforms existing contextual RNN baselines. In addition, TopicRNN can be used as an unsupervised feature extractor for documents. We do this for sentiment analysis on the IMDB movie review dataset and report an error rate of $6.28\%$. This is comparable to the state-of-the-art $5.91\%$ resulting from a semi-supervised approach. Finally, TopicRNN also yields sensible topics, making it a useful alternative to document models such as latent Dirichlet allocation.
Navigational techniques to improve the display of large two-dimensional spaces (1990)

Abstract Often the components of a problem can be arrayed on a two-dimensional information space—for example, as an abstract tree or hypertext—far too large to fit onto a computer display. With current navigational techniques it is often difficult for users to keep track of their location or to move rapidly to remote locations in the space. We implemented two similar direct-manipulation techniques, both of which use a map window—a miniature of the entire information space—with a wire-frame box to aid users in remembering their location. The first technique allows the user to rapidly roam over the information space by moving the location of the wire-frame box. The second allows for zooming as well as roaming. A controlled experiment compared the above techniques to scroll bars for determining whether a target word was in a large balanced binary tree of words. The experiment also examined the merit of the map window. Map windows significantly improved user performance, and the roam and zoom techniques were found to be significantly faster than the scroll bars. Our observation of subjects and their verbal protocol indicated that a paging feature on the scroll bars—allowing rapid movement of the screen a page in any direction—was advantageous.
Prolonged exposure of colon cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa™) and to the antiangiogenic agent ZD6474: Cytotoxic and biomolecular effects (2006)

We conclude that long-term exposure of colon cancer cells to gefitinib and ZD6474 does not modify their cytotoxic effects but it might have an effect on sensitivity to classical cytotoxic drugs.
Enhancement of breakdown voltage by AlN buffer layer thickness in AlGaN∕GaN high-electron-mobility transistors on 4in. diameter silicon (2005)

Enhancement of breakdown voltage (BV) with the increase of AlN buffer layer thickness was observed in AlGaN∕GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on 4in. Si. The enhancement of device performance with AlN buffer thickness (200 and 300nm) is due to the reduction of electrically active defects from Si substrate. The reduction of defects from Si with the increase of AlN thickness was confirmed by x-ray rocking curve measurements. Not much change has been observed in ON-state BV (BV:ON) values except in devices with 500-nm-thick buffer layer. About 46% enhancement in OFF-state BV (BV:OFF) was observed on 200μm wide HEMTs with 300nm thick AlN buffer layer when compared to HEMTs with 8nm thick AlN buffer layer. The location of junction breakdown in the device was identified as GaN∕AlN∕Si interface. The measured specific on-resistance (Ron) values for 200 and 400μm wide HEMTs with 300nm thick buffer layers were 0.28 and 0.33mΩcm2, respectively. About an order of low Ron was observed when compared with the reported values. The AlGaN∕GaN HEMTs on 4in. Si with thicker AlN buffer layers are suitable for high-power applications.