gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new synthesis of substituted tropolones (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new synthesis of substituted tropolonesChing-Pong Mak and George BuechiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 1, 1–3Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00314a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00314a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Computer-aided diagnosis system for lung cancer based on retrospective helical CT image</title> (2000)

In this paper, we present a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for lung cancer to detect nodule candidates at an early stage from the present and the early helical CT screening of the thorax. We developed an algorithm that can compare automatically the slice images of present and early CT scans for the assistance of comparative reading in retrospect. The algorithm consists of the ROI detection and shape analysis based on comparison of each slice image in the present and the early CT scans. The slice images of present and early CT scans are both displayed in parallel and analyzed quantitatively in order to detect the changes in size and intensity affection. We validated the efficiency of this algorithm by application to image data for mass screening of 50 subjects (total: 150 CT scans). The algorithm could compare the slice images correctly in most combinations with respect to physician's point of view. We validated the efficiency of the algorithm which automatically detect lung nodule candidates using CAD system. The system was applied to the helical CT images of 450 subjects. Currently, we are carrying out the clinical field test program using the CAD system. The results of our CAD system have indicated good performance when compared with physician's diagnosis. The experimental results of the algorithm indicate that our CAD system is useful to increase the efficiency of the mass screening process. CT screening of thorax will be performed by using the CAD system as a counterpart to the double reading technique actually used in herical CT screening program, not by using the film display.
[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with neurological diseases. Results of a prospective multicenter and international study]. (2004)

Our study suggests that PEG is a method of choice for enteral feeding of patients with chronic neurological disorders. PEG is well-tolerated, leading to an improvement in nutritional status and offering good facilities for home nursing.
Activation of Clostridium botulinum Type E Toxin Purified by Two Different Procedures (1986)

Clostridium botulinum type E toxin was purified from culture supernates and from cell extracts by two methods. The specific activity [2 X 10(4) mouse LD50 (mg protein)-1] of the toxin purified from cell extract under slightly acidic conditions was lower than that [3 X 10(5) LD50 (mg protein)-1] of the toxin purified from culture supernate under slightly alkaline conditions. Both toxin preparations were activated by trypsin treatment, but to different extents, the degree of activation of the toxin from cell extract being about 30-fold higher than that of the toxin from culture supernate. The two toxin preparations had the same electrophoretic mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and antigenic specificity as revealed by agar gel double-immunodiffusion tests. The antigenic specificity of the two toxin preparations was unaltered by trypsin treatment. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single band of Mr 144,000 was demonstrated before trypsin treatment and two bands of Mr 100,000 and 55,000 appeared after trypsin treatment. The two toxin preparations were labelled with 125I and chymotryptic peptide maps were obtained before and after trypsin treatment. The two toxin preparations without trypsin treatment demonstrated many differences in their peptide maps, but the preparations after trypsin activation had similar peptide maps. These results indicate that the toxin obtained from culture fluid was a partially activated form, and that its molecular conformation was different from that of the toxin from cell extract. Differences in specific activity and activation ratio by trypsin treatment may be due to differences in the conformation of the toxin molecules.
Modulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor by Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (1992)

Tumor necrosis factor is generated in inflammatory lesions of the glomerulus. Its release and binding are regulated by simultaneously generated reactive oxygen metabolites. The main consequence is a limitation of autocrine and paracrine action of tumor necrosis factor without any reduction of its systemic activity.
Unusual Indelible Enamel Staining Following Fixed Appliance Treatment (2000)

Two cases are described of indelible enamel staining following fixed appliance therapy. The acquired pigmentation occurred in patients with an identifiable enamel defect prior to treatment. The interaction of factors to cause the staining is discussed and it's prevention in future cases highlighted. Subsequent restoration of the affected teeth is shown.
Passive Containment Cooling by Natural Air Convection (1995)

The composite containment proposed aims to cope with beyond-design-basis accidents. The goal is to restrict the consequences of severe core meltdown accidents to the reactor plant. One essential of this new concept is passive decay heat removal from the containment by natural air convection.Experimental and calculational results obtained up to now with the passive containment cooling program suggest that in the composite containment of a 1300-MW(electric) pressurized water reactor, the decay heat can be safely removed by natural air convection.Detailed experimental investigations and large-scale tests envisaged will complement the results and provide the database for the design of the containment and further development of multidimensional computer codes.
Ibotenic Acid Analogues. Synthesis, Molecular Flexibility, and in Vitro Activity of Agonists and Antagonists at Central Glutamic Acid Receptors (1985)

The syntheses of (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (9, ATPA), (alpha-RS, beta-RS)-alpha-amino-beta-methyl-3-hydroxy-5-isoxazolepropionic acid (8), (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-isoxazolebutyric acid (15a), and (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-isoxazolevaleric acid (15b) are described. The compounds were tested in vitro together with (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-(bromomethyl)-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ABPA) as inhibitors of the binding of radioactive-labeled (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) to rat brain synaptic membranes. These data were compared with the earlier reported effects of the compounds on single neurons in the feline spinal cord obtained by microelectrophoretic techniques. The three compounds AMPA, ATPA, and ABPA are agonists at the class of receptors assumed to represent a subtype of physiological (S)-glutamic acid (Glu) receptors. Inhibition of [3H]AMPA binding by ATPA was 1 order of magnitude weaker than that of AMPA, in agreement with the relative potency of these compounds in vivo. ABPA proved to be equipotent with AMPA both as an inhibitor of AMPA binding and as a neuronal excitant. The compounds 8, 15a, and 15b have no effect as inhibitors of AMPA binding, in agreement with in vivo studies that have shown that 8 does not affect the firing of central neurons whereas 15a and 15b are antagonists at NMDA receptors, a subpopulation of excitatory receptors not affected by AMPA. Molecular mechanical calculations on AMPA, ATPA, and ABPA using the program MM2 showed that conformations of AMPA, ABPA, and especially ATPA by rotation of the amino acid side chain have energy barriers. A possible receptor-active conformation is suggested.
Intelligent Trajectory Design in UAV-Aided Communications With Reinforcement Learning (2019)

In this correspondence paper, we focus on a cellular network aided an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that serves as an aerial base station for multiple ground users. The UAV's trajectory design is investigated to maximize the expected uplink sum rate with inaccessibility to user-side information, such as locations and transmit power as well as channel parameters. The problem is formulated as a Markov decision process and solved with model-free reinforcement learning. Due to the continuous and deterministic action space, the deterministic policy gradient (DPG) algorithm is applied for the reinforcement learning model. Experiment results show that due to the great generalizability of the reinforcement learning model, the UAV is able to intelligently track the ground users with the learned trajectory despite being unaware of the user-side information and channel parameters, even when the ground users are mobile. The performance of the learned trajectory is fairly close to that of the optimized trajectory derived through conventional optimization problem solving with such information explicitly known. Moreover, we also show that the DPG algorithm converges efficiently with acceptable training time.
Non‐Uniform Distribution of Two‐Phase Flows through Parallel Identical Paths (2007)

Abstract When a single‐phase fluid splits, passes through identical paths in parallel, and then recombines, the flow distributes itself uniformly among the multiple paths. However, when multi‐phase suspensions travel through identical parallel paths, the flow distribution can be significantly non‐uniform. Although the uniform distribution is a solution of the governing equations, this solution may be an unstable steady‐state solution between two or more stable solutions, or one of an array of possible steady‐state solutions. This multiplicity has arisen in practice for multiple vertical channels within fluidized beds, for cyclones in parallel, and for distributed feed suspension flows. Simple theories are employed to explain the principles involved for two cyclones and for a pair of risers in parallel.
Automated Tracking of Multiple C. Elegans (2006)

This paper presents a method for model based automated tracking of multiple worm-like creatures. These methods are essential for accurate quantitative analysis into the genetic basis of behavior that involve more than one organism. An accurate worm model is designed using the geometry of planar curves and nonlinear estimation of the model's parameters are performed using a central difference Kalman filter (CDKF). The filter can naturally be expanded to estimate the locations of multiple worms and determine when they are occluding each other. The predicted location of the models at each iteration allows for an efficient method to determine the regions that are undergoing occlusions. Experiments on actual C. Elegans mating sequence data demonstrate the quality of the proposed method.
Novel coherent heterodyne optical time domain reflectometry for fault localization of optical amplifier submarine cable systems (1990)

A coherent, heterodyne-detection, optical time-domain reflectometry technique suitable for an all-optical repeater system is proposed. Rayleigh backscatter measurement through a 309-km bidirectional optical transmission line with six cascaded in-line semiconductor laser amplifiers is demonstrated using this technique. The possibility of fault localization on an optical amplifier system with optical isolators is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Triazines. Part IV. The interaction of diguanide and its homologues with isocyanate esters (1967)

Diguanide reacts slowly with isocyanate esters in dimethylformamide at 100° to give 1-substituted hexahydro-4,6-di-imino-s-triazin-2-ones with small quantities of ammeline. The structure assigned to the s-triazine-6-ones follows from their mode of formation, their general chemical behaviour, and their alternative production from the 2-thiones by oxidative desulphuration.1,2-Diphenyldiguanide and aromatic isocyanates similarly yield 1-arylhexahydro-4-imino-6-phenylimino-s-triazin-2-ones, the structure of which is established unequivocally by this synthesis.The use of 1-phenyldiguanide in this general reaction yields four main products: 6-amino-4-anilino-s-triazin-2-ol, 1-substituted hexahydro-4,6-di-imino-s-triazin-2-ones, 1-substituted hexahydro-6-imino-4-phenylimino-s-triazin-2-ones, and 1-substituted hexahydro-4-imino-6-phenylimino-s-triazin-2-ones. The nature of the isocyanate determines which of these triazines predominate. Certain chemical properties, and the ultraviolet spectra of the new substituted ammelines are discussed.The entire group of reactions is accounted for in terms of the addition–elimination mechanism involving intermediate adducts derived from equimolar quantities of the reactants. Since loss of water from carbamoyl compounds of this type occurs much less readily than loss of hydrogen sulphide from their thiocarbamoyl analogues, melamines are not formed in this reaction.
Abundant Tyrosine Residues in the Antigen Binding Site in Anti-Osteosarcoma Monoclonal Antibodies Tp-1 and Tp-3: Application to radiolabeling (1996)

The variable (V) genes of TP-1 and TP-3 MAbs have been cloned and sequenced. Because of the potential use of these antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma, it is important to determine the presence and position of amino acid residues that may react with radiolabeling within the V domains. In this article, location of the tyrosine residues is determined using the knowledge of immunoglobulin structures in general. The TP-1V domains have a total of 19 tyrosines, whereas TP-3V domains have 18, with approximately half of these located within complementarity determining regions (CDRs). Thus, if equal reactivity of all tyrosines is assumed, smaller fragments of MAbs have a high probability of being radiolabeled at one of these sites with possible resultant loss of antigen binding.
A Universal Spring-Probe System for Reliable Probing of Electrochemical Lab-on-a-Chip Devices (2014)

For achieve sensitivity in lab-on-a-chip electrochemical detection, more reliable probing methods are required, especially for repeated measurements. Spring-probes are a promising candidate method which can replace needle-like probes and alligator clips that usually produce scratches on the surface of gold electrodes due to the strong physical contacts needed for electrochemical measurements. The superior reliability of amperometric measurements by a spring-probe system was compared with results by conventional probing methods. We demonstrated that a universal spring-probe system would be potentially suitable to achieve high performance in lab-on-a-chip devices using electrochemical detection.
<title>Wireless surface-acoustic-wave-based humidity sensor</title> (1999)

A system for wireless interrogation of surface acoustic wave (SAW) based humidity sensor is described. The SAW sensor is a Lithium Niobate (LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB>) substrate with metallic interdigital transducers (IDTs) and reflectors etched on it. A microstrip antenna is placed in close proximity to the IDT, such that the antenna can excite the IDTs through the air gap by inductive coupling. The sensor antenna receives the FM signal from the transceiver antenna of the wireless system. The electromagnetic signal received by the sensor antenna is converted by the IDT into a surface acoustic wave that propagates in the LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> substrate. This surface acoustic wave is reflected by the etched metallic reflectors, reconverted into an electromagnetic signal by the IDT and returned to the transceiver system. The SAW velocity on the LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> substrate varies as a function of the relative humidity and results in a varying time delay in the reflected signal, which is detected by the wireless system. The resolution and accuracy of such a system are investigated and some experimental data is presented. The operating principle and techniques can also be used for other wireless, passive SAW sensors.
SafeGuard: Congestion and Memory-aware Failure Recovery in SD-WAN (2020)

In software-defined WANs (SD-WAN), link failure can lead to congestion and packet loss, hence degrading application performance. State-of-the-art traffic engineering approaches can speed up failure recovery by proactively installing backup tunnels and redirecting affected traffic immediately in the data plane, which reduces the burden on the network controller. However, these approaches either lead to bandwidth waste because of reserved link capacity or impose restrictions on network topologies, e.g., the existence of link-disjoint routes or large switch memory resources. In this paper, we propose SafeGuard, a software-defined proactive recovery system that improves bandwidth allocation and switch-memory usage while working on any connected network. We formulate the failure recovery problem as a multi-objective MILP optimization problem for all possible single link failures, the most common case in current WANs as temporally-coinciding failures are rare. We then develop a heuristic to efficiently compute backup routes as the problem is NP-Hard. We implemented a prototype of SafeGuard using the Ryu SDN controller and extensively evaluate it in Mininet over two real topologies, Google B4 and ATT. Our results show that SafeGuard can reduce the number of congested links by up to 50% compared to the state-of-the-art failure recovery scheme.
Well-Separated Clusters and Optimal Fuzzy Partitions (1974)

Abstract Two separation indices are considered for partitions P = {X1, …, Xk} of a finite data set X in a general inner product space. Both indices increase as the pairwise distances between the subsets Xi become large compared to the diameters of Xi Maximally separated partitions p' are defined and it is shown that as the indices of p' increase without bound, the characteristic functions of Xi' in P' are approximated more and more closely by the membership functions in fuzzy partitions which minimize certain fuzzy extensions of the k-means squared error criterion function.
Tunable absorption coefficient in GaAs doping superlattices (1982)

The optical-absorption coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ of GaAs "NIPI" crystals [a new type of semiconductor superlattice consisting of $n$- and $p$-doped layers, possibly separated by intrinsic ($i$) regions, in an otherwise homogeneous bulk] is measured at photon energies below the forbidden gap of the unmodulated material. We use the extremely strong photoconductive response of these NIPI crystals as a very sensitive method for the detection of very weak absorption signals in the tail far below the gap of bulk GaAs. Another peculiarity of NIPI crystals expected from theory is the tunability of $\ensuremath{\alpha}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ by variation of the energy gap, which is no longer a constant quantity for these systems. The experimental results on molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown GaAs NIPI crystals reported in this paper show that both the frequency dependence and the dependence on modulation of the band gap are in excellent agreement with theory.
Reduction of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>Restores Uncoupled β-Adrenergic Signaling in Isolated Perfused Transgenic Mouse Hearts (2001)

The effects of alterations in calcium in the perfusion media were studied on ss-adrenergic coupling in isolated hearts from 3 different transgenic mice: cardiac-specific overexpressed alpha(1) subunit of L-type calcium channel, overexpressed Galpha(q), and phospholamban knockout. Isolated hearts from all 3 models, when studied at [Ca(2+)] of 2 mmol/L in the perfusate, showed the usual blunted or no response to ss-adrenergic stimulation. Lowering [Ca(2+)] to 0.75 to 1.5 mmol/L unloaded the hearts of calcium and restored to nearly normal the responsiveness to ss-agonist stimulation.
Prognostic significance of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 3 in human breast carcinoma. (2001)

Transforming growth factor beta s (TGF beta s) are multifunctional growth factors which show differential expression both temporally and spatially and exert pleiotropic effects during carcinogenesis. Although all three mammalian isoforms of TGF beta share considerable sequence similarity, they appear to have distinct functions in health and disease, such as embryogenesis, wound healing and tumourigenesis. Much of our knowledge about the relationship between TGF beta s and breast cancer is based on publications on TGF beta 1 but the role of TGF beta 3 in the progression of breast cancer has not been well documented. In the present study, the expression of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Of the 153 invasive breast cancer tissues, TGF beta 1 was expressed strongly in 25 and moderately in 98 cases. The immunoreactivity of TGF beta 3 was comparable with TGF beta 1, which was expressed strongly in 21 and moderately in 104 cases. The two isoforms were coexpressed in 111 (72.5%) tumours and were absent in 16 cases (10%). Immunostaining for TGFb3 but not TGF beta 1 was inversely correlated with overall survival (p = 0.0204). When combined with lymph node involvement, TGFb3 became an even more significant prognostic factor for overall survival (p = 0.0003), i.e. patients with node metastasis and positive TGFb3 expression had a worse prognosis: the risk of death for these patients was thirteen-fold greater than those who had no node involvement. The fact that it has been reported previously that high TGF beta 3 plasma levels in patients with untreated early stage breast cancer were correlated with subsequent lymph node metastasis and it was observed in the present study too, that TGF beta 3 expression in breast tumours was an independent predictor of overall survival, led us to suggest that the simultaneous measurement of TGF beta 3 in plasma and its expression in resected tumour tissues in the same cohort of patients may prove to be an important parameter in assessing tumour progression.
Testing for Moral Hazard at the Tourist Destination (2011)

The business of package tours has seen a wide range of inferior quality, including tour operators’ misrepresentation of product information, default on contracted services as well as misguided consumptions and deceitful dealings at the destination. Among the most prominent of these would be the so- called “zero-fare” group tours, a terminology that is believed to have it origins in the Chinese context to portray a complex of inferior quality in China’s outbound tourism market. Drawing upon the Lemons problem that regards asymmetric information as the fundamental cause of inferior quality, this study presented a model of moral hazard in package tours to conceptualize the broad range of inferior quality supplied at the destination. Empirical investigation of the model was carried out in China’s outbound tourism market, in which data were collected by administering a cross-sectional survey to Chinese package tourists. Results have shown that asymmetric information measured by tourists’ knowledge of inbound tour operators’ effort resulted in quality deterioration of travel services at the destination, indicating the occurrence of moral hazard.