gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Definition of the binding mode of a new class of phosphoinositide 3-kinase α-selective inhibitors using <i>in vitro</i> mutagenesis of non-conserved amino acids and kinetic analysis (2012)

The binding mechanism of a new class of lipid-competitive, ATP non-competitive, p110α isoform-selective PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) inhibitors has been elucidated. Using the novel technique of isoform reciprocal mutagenesis of non-conserved amino acids in the p110α and p110β isoforms, we have identified three unique binding mechanisms for the p110α-selective inhibitors PIK-75, A-66S and J-32. Each of the inhibitor's p110α-isoform-selective binding was found to be due to interactions with different amino acids within p110. The PIK-75 interaction bound the non-conserved region 2 amino acid p110α Ser(773), A-66S bound the region 1 non-conserved amino acid p110α Gln(859), and J-32 binding had an indirect interaction with Lys(776) and Ile(771). The isoform reciprocal mutagenesis technique is shown to be an important analytical tool for the rational design of isoform-selective inhibitors.
Small‐molecule modulators of the <scp>OX</scp>40–<scp>OX40</scp> ligand co‐stimulatory protein–protein interaction (2014)

We identified, to our knowledge, the first small-molecule compounds able to interfere with OX40-OX40L binding and, more importantly, to act as partial agonists of OX40. This is particularly interesting, as small-molecule agonism or activation of PPIs is considered unusually challenging and there are only few known examples. These results provide proof-of-principle evidence for the feasibility of small-molecule modulation of the OX40-OX40L interaction and for the existence of partial agonists for TNFRSF-PPIs.
An Intrinsically Stretchable High‐Performance Polymer Semiconductor with Low Crystallinity (2019)

Abstract For wearable and implantable electronics applications, developing intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor is advantageous, especially in the manufacturing of large‐area and high‐density devices. A major challenge is to simultaneously achieve good electrical and mechanical properties for these semiconductor devices. While crystalline domains are generally needed to achieve high mobility, amorphous domains are necessary to impart stretchability. Recent progresses in the design of high‐performance donor–acceptor polymers that exhibit low degrees of energetic disorder, while having a high fraction of amorphous domains, appear promising for polymer semiconductors. Here, a low crystalline, i.e., near‐amorphous, indacenodithiophene‐ co ‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) polymer and a semicrystalline thieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophene‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPTT) are compared, for mechanical properties and electrical performance under strain. It is observed that IDTBT is able to achieve both a high modulus and high fracture strain, and to preserve electrical functionality under high strain. Next, fully stretchable transistors are fabricated using the IDTBT polymer and observed mobility ≈0.6 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at 100% strain along stretching direction. In addition, the morphological evolution of the stretched IDTBT films is investigated by polarized UV–vis and grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction to elucidate the molecular origins of high ductility. In summary, the near‐amorphous IDTBT polymer signifies a promising direction regarding molecular design principles toward intrinsically stretchable high‐performance polymer semiconductor.
Purification and Properties of L-Arabinose Isomerase from Streptomyces sp (1973)

L-Arabinose isomerase (L-arabinose ketol-isomerase, EC 5. 3. 1. 4) was demonstrated from the L-arabinose-grown cells of Streptomyces sp. which was isolated from sea water. The enzyme was purified by MnCl2 treatment, fractionation by polyethylene glycol and by column chromatographies on Sephadex G-150 and DEAE-cellulose. The purified enzyme was specific only for L-arabinose and the Michaelis constant for L-arabinose was 40mm at pH 7.5. Manganese or cobalt ions were effective for the enzyme activity after dialysis against EDTA. The enzyme activity was inhibited competitively by L-arabitol, ribitol and xylitol, of which inhibition constants were 1.1, 1.0, and 15mm, respectively.
Historical Notes on the Trial's Importance (2013)

This chapter, which provides some historical and institutional context about the importance of the trial in the United States, shows that the trial has been an important feature of America's legal order and explains that the frequency and form of the trial have often been at the heart of historical focus and controversy for good reason. It argues that it is important to identify what the death of the trial would mean for us and that we should not let the trial “go gentle into that good night.”
Self-Healing Glassy Thin Coating for High-Temperature Applications (2016)

Glass thin films (with nanometer to micrometer thicknesses) are promising in numerous applications, both as passive coatings and as active components. Self-healing is a feature of many current technological developments as a means of increasing the lifetime of materials. In the context of these developments, we report on the elaboration of the first self-healing glassy thin-film coating developed specifically for high-temperature applications. This coating is obtained by pulsed laser deposition of alternating layers of vanadium boride (VB) and a multicomponent oxide glass. Self-healing is obtained through the oxidation of VB at the operating temperature. The investigation of the effect of elaboration parameters on the coating composition and morphology made it possible to obtain up to seven-layer coatings, with good homogeneity and perfect interfaces, and with a total thickness of less than 1 μm. The autonomic self-healing capacity of the coating has been demonstrated by an in situ experiment, which shows that a crack of nanometric dimension can be healed within a few minutes at 700 °C.
[Cystinuria: description of a simple method of determination and our 5-year clinical experience]. (1990)

Ion exchange chromatography is the best method for the determination of cysteine in urine, but it requires an expensive apparatus, specialized technicians and a long time. The major colorimetric procedure is the nitroprusside color reaction first described by Brand, but it involves the reaction with toxic cyanide reagent. Moreover commercial stick are not available. We have experienced a colorimetric procedure in which the sulfhydryl group of cystine reduces phosphotungstic acid to tungstic blue, which is determined photometrically. This procedure avoids the use of cyanide. We used this screening test during 5 years of ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis and we found these results: urine cystine 191 controls: 87 +/- 57 mg/day, 870 stone oxalate and uric acid patients: 99 +/- 57 mg/day, 11 stone cystine patients: 479 +/- 379 mg/day (p 0.001). A close correlation was found in stone cystine patients between our data obtained in the same sample with ion exchange chromatography. We conclude that this inexpensive and simple method can be recommended as a screening test for cystinuria.
The protective actions of some anticholinergic drugs in sarin poisoning (1970)

1. The central and peripheral anticholinergic activities of a series of drugs comprising atropine, hyoscine, caramiphen and one of its analogues, and three glycollic acid esters, have been measured.2. The ability of the same drugs used alone, and in conjunction with N-methyl pyridinium-2-aldoxime methanesulphonate (P2S), to protect mice, rats and guinea-pigs from the lethal effects of sarin has been assessed.3. No correlation was found to exist between central or peripheral anticholinergic activity and ability to protect from sarin.4. On the indirectly stimulated isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation all drugs with the exception of hyoscine caused potentiation of responses to low frequency stimulation but partial block of responses to high frequency stimulation. The drugs did not reverse the effects of sarin on the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation.6. It is concluded that a pharmacological action other than an anticholinergic one is involved, in part, in the protective actions against sarin of some of the drugs studied. Whether their effects on skeletal muscle are of any relevance in this respect is unresolved.
An introduction into autonomic nervous function (2017)

The results of many medical measurements are directly or indirectly influenced by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). For example pupil size or heart rate may demonstrate striking moment-to-moment variability. This review intends to elucidate the physiology behind this seemingly unpredictable system. The review is split up into: 1. The peripheral ANS, parallel innervation by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, their transmitters and co-transmitters. It treats questions like the supposed sympatho/vagal balance, organization in plexuses and the 'little brains' that are active like in the enteric system or around the heart. Part 2 treats ANS-function in some (example-) organs in more detail: the eye, the heart, blood vessels, lungs, respiration and cardiorespiratory coupling. Part 3 poses the question of who is directing what? Is the ANS a strictly top-down directed system or is its organization bottom-up? Finally, it is concluded that the 'noisy numbers' in medical measurements, caused by ANS variability, are part and parcel of how the system works. This topical review is a one-man's undertaking and may possibly give a biased view. The author has explicitly indicated in the text where his views are not (yet) supported by facts, hoping to provoke discussion and instigate new research
COMWIN Antenna System Fiscal Year 2000 Report (2000)

Abstract : The project to develop a broadband, man-carried antenna began in May 1999. There were two objectives. The first objective was to develop an antenna system whose visual signature did not distinguish the radio operator from any other soldier. The solution to this first objective was to integrate the antenna into the uniform of the soldier. Hence, the project is COMbat Wear Integration (COMWIN). The second objective was to fabricate an antenna that could transmit or receive at any frequency between 2 MHz and 2 GHz. The Joint Tactical Radio (JTR) requires this frequency. The figure of merit to determine whether the radio is efficient in the band is a Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of less than 3:1. The COMWIN antenna system would consist of three antennas. The first antenna, in the form of a vest, would operate in the 30- to 500-MHz band. The helmet antenna would operate in the 500- to 2000 MHz band. An antenna that runs down the edges would operate in the 2- to 30-MHz band.
Influence of Crystal Orientation and Oxide Structure on the Interface States of GeGeO<sub>2</sub> (1970)

Abstract Hexagonal, tetragonal, and amorphous oxides were prepared on 111‐, 110‐, and 100‐surfaces of germanium. Interface‐states were determined by the ac‐field effect. The hexagonal oxide shows on the 111‐surface, the tetragonal on the 100‐surface the lowest density of surface states. Amorphous oxide does not show significant differences for the three orientations. This shows clearly, that the matching of the lattices at the interface is of importance for the existence of surface states.
Interactive animation of ocean waves (2002)

We present an adaptive scheme for the interactive animation and display of ocean waves far from the coast. Relying on a procedural wave model, the method restricts computations to the visible part of the ocean surface, adapts the geometric resolution to the viewing distance and only considers the visible waves wavelengths. This yields real-time performances, even when the camera moves. The method allows the user to interactively fly over an unbounded animated ocean, which was not possible using previous approaches.
Corrections - Complement-Dependent Damage to Liposomes Prepared from Pure Lipids and Forssman Hapten (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCorrections - Complement-Dependent Damage to Liposomes Prepared from Pure Lipids and Forssman HaptenStephen Kinsky, James Haxby, David Zopf, Carl Alving, and Constance KinskyCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 4, 1048Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online5 November 2003Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00806a602https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00806a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Histology-based simulations for the ultrasonic detection of microscopic cancer <i>in vivo</i> (2007)

Ultrasonic spectroscopy may offer an alternative to imaging methods for the in vivo detection of microscopic cancer. To investigate this potential, a numerical model that incorporates multiple scattering, wave-mode conversion, and hierarchical microstructures was developed to simulate ultrasonic interactions in biological tissue at the microscopic level. Simulated high-frequency (20-75 MHz) spectra of up to 2137 cells displayed significant correlations to nucleus diameter and malignant cell infiltration, and indicated as few as 300 malignant cells may be detectable in normal tissue. The results suggest that ultrasonic spectroscopy combined with simulation-based interpretive models may provide real-time histopathology during surgeries, biopsies, and endoscopies.
Natural peptide ligand motifs of two HLA molecules associated with myasthenia gravis (1993)

The peptide motifs of two HLA molecules, B8 and DR3(17), which are associated with autoimmune diseases including myasthenia gravis, were determined from natural peptide pools using Edman degradation. The majority of HLA-B8 ligands are nonamers preferentially terminated by leucine. As a characteristic feature of the HLA-B8 motif, there is a high degree of conservation of positively charged amino acids at position 3 and 5, exclusively lysine at position 3, and lysine or arginine at position 5. Additional evidence for this allele-specific motif is the presence of these features in several viral peptides recognized by HLA-B8 restricted T cells. The DR3(17) motif is characterized by four conserved anchor-like positions ordered in an almost symmetrical arrangement, as has been found for DR1 and DR5 motifs. A first hydrophobic/aromatic anchor three to four residues apart from the N-terminus (at relative position 1) appears to be a common feature of DR ligands. The second anchor is an aspartate at relative position 4, which is likely to be the DR3(17)-specific contact site in the groove. Two additional conserved positions closer to the C-terminus are occupied by charged amino acids at relative position 6 and by hydrophobic/aromatic residues at positions 8, 9, or 10. Eight individual naturally processed DR17 ligands were sequenced and were found to be derived from exogenous proteins and cytoplasmic membrane receptors. These natural peptides conform well to the determined motif. A single exchange of the anchor-like positions in a model peptide abrogated binding to DR17+ cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proliferation markers and DNA content analysis in urinary bladder TaT1 urothelial cell carcinomas: identification of subgroups with low and high stage progression risks (2003)

The combined biomarkers MNA10/Ki67 or MNA10/MAI are more accurate and reproducible predictors of stage progression in TaT1 UCs than classic prognostic risk factors and DNA ploidy.
Anonymization and De-Anonymization of Mobility Trajectories: Dissecting the Gaps Between Theory and Practice (2019)

Human mobility trajectories are increasingly collected by ISPs to assist academic research and commercial applications. Meanwhile, there is a growing concern that individual trajectories can be de-anonymized when the data is shared, using information from external sources (e.g., online social networks). To understand this risk, prior works either estimate the theoretical privacy bound or simulate de-anonymization attacks on synthetically created datasets. However, it is not clear how well the theoretical estimations are preserved in practice. In this article, we collected a large-scale ground-truth trajectory dataset from 2,161,500 users of a cellular network, and two matched external trajectory datasets from a large social network (56,683 users) and a check-in/review service (45,790 users) on the same user population. The two sets of large ground-truth data provide a rare opportunity to extensively evaluate a variety of de-anonymization algorithms (nine in total). We find that their performance in the real-world dataset is far from the theoretical bound. Further analysis shows that most algorithms have under-estimated the impact of spatio-temporal mismatches between the data from different sources, and the high sparsity of user generated data also contributes to the under-performance. Based on these insights, we propose four new algorithms that are specially designed to tolerate spatial or temporal mismatches (or both) and model location contexts and time contexts. Extensive evaluations show that our algorithms achieve more than 17 percent performance gain over the best existing algorithms, confirming our insights. Further, we propose two new location-privacy preserving mechanisms utilizing the spatio-temporal mismatches to better protect users' privacy against the de-anonymization attack. Evaluation results show that our proposed mechanisms can reduce the performance of de-anonymization attacks by over 8.0 percent, demonstrating the effectiveness of our insights.
Polymerization of Vinylpyridinium Salts. XI. Charge-Transfer Polymerization of 4-Vinylpyridinium p-Styrenesulfonate (1979)

Abstract The spontaneous polymerization of 4-vinylpyridinium p-styrene-sulfonate or 4-vinylpyridinium chloride with sodium p-styrenesuifonate or of 4-vinylpyridinium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpro-panesulfonate with sodium p-styrenesuifonate produces an amphoteric, equimolar copolymer. An UV study on the interaction between 4-vinylpyridinium chloride and sodium p-styrenesulfonate indicates an absorption maximum corresponding to 1:1 charge transfer complex. From the observed results, a charge-transfer polymerization of 4-vinylpyridinium salts with electron-donating monomers is elucidated.
Chemically modified, carbon-based electrodes and their application as electrochemical sensors for the analysis of biologically important compounds. A review (1992)

S. A. Wring and J. P. Hart, Analyst, 1992, 117, 1215 DOI: 10.1039/AN9921701215
A novel approach to the study of glycolipid receptors for viruses (1984)

A method for the binding of virus to a silica gel thin-layer chromatogram is presented. After development the chromatogram is overlayed with the 125I-labelled virus and the bound virus is autoradiographed. Alternatively, the unlabelled virus may be detected after exposure to monoclonal antibody and labelled anti-antibody. The Sendai virus strain used did not bind to brain gangliosides earlier proposed to be receptors, but bound to human erythrocyte gangliosides. This finding may be explained by the existence of Sendai virus variants with different receptor specificities.
Advanced filter bank based approach for blocker detection in LTE systems (2011)

Power efficiency is an important issue in mobile communication systems. Especially for mobile user equipments (UE), the energy budget, limited by a battery, has to be treated carefully. In fact, though, quite an amount of energy is wasted in todays UEs, as analog and digital frontend (AFE/DFE) in communication systems are designed for worst case scenarios. Therefore, for most real transmission processes those are over-engineered concerning e.g. amplifier linearity and filter slope steepnesses. Gaining information about the instantaneous spectral allocation of the UE's environment highly supports optimal frontend configuration for adequate energy consumption. This paper introduces an efficient concept for spectrally sensing a Long Term Evolution (LTE) UE's environment leading to an intelligent DFE. Low complex filter chains for different channel bandwidths based on a dyadic structure, containing mainly infinite impulse response (IIR) filters will be discussed. Furthermore, simulation results for the 20MHz test case will be given.
Efficiency enhancement of genetic algorithms via building-block-wise fitness estimation (2004)

This paper studies fitness inheritance as an efficiency enhancement technique for a class of competent genetic algorithms called estimation distribution algorithms. Probabilistic models of important sub-solutions are developed to estimate the fitness of a proportion of individuals in the population, thereby avoiding computationally expensive function evaluations. The effect of fitness inheritance on the convergence time and population sizing are modeled and the speed-up obtained through inheritance is predicted. The results show that a fitness-inheritance mechanism which utilizes information on building-block fitnesses provides significant efficiency enhancement. For additively separable problems, fitness inheritance reduces the number of function evaluations to about half and yields a speed-up of about 1.75-2.25.
Patterning of silicon nanopillars formed with a colloidal gold etch mask (1999)

A natural lithography technique utilizing colloidal gold particles as etch masks has been integrated with standard microfabrication techniques for the fabrication of silicon nanopillars in selected regions. We have demonstrated four patterning techniques, which enable the pillars to be formed either recessed into the substrate or protruding above the plane. A high density array of patterned pillar regions was obtained using a combination of the colloidal gold etch mask and e-beam lithography. The ultimate objective of the patterning techniques is to incorporate the colloids and the resulting nanopillars into microelectronic devices. We have achieved this goal by fabricating a prototype field emission device utilizing the silicon nanopillars as nanocathodes.