gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biexciton Emission from Edges and Grain Boundaries of Triangular WS<sub>2</sub> Monolayers (2016)

Monolayer tungsten disulfides (WS2) constitute a high quantum yield two-dimensional (2D) system, and can be synthesized on a large area using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), suggesting promising nanophotonics applications. However, spatially nonuniform photoluminescence (PL) intensities and peak wavelengths observed in single WS2 grains have puzzled researchers, with the origins of variation in relative contributions of excitons, trions, and biexcitons to the PL emission not well understood. Here, we present nanoscale PL and Raman spectroscopy images of triangular CVD-grown WS2 monolayers of different sizes, with these images obtained under different temperatures and values of excitation power. Intense PL emissions were observed around the edges of individual WS2 grains and the grain boundaries between partly merged WS2 grains. The predominant origin of the main PL emission from these regions changed from neutral excitons to trions and biexcitons with increasing laser excitation power, with biexcitons completely dominating the PL emission for the high-power condition. The intense PL emission and the preferential formation of biexcitons in the edges and grain boundaries of monolayer WS2 were attributed to larger population of charge carriers caused by the excessive incorporation of growth promoters during the CVD, suggesting positive roles of excessive carriers in the PL efficiency of TMD monolayers. Our comprehensive nanoscale spectroscopic investigation sheds light on the dynamic competition between exciton complexes occurring in monolayer WS2, suggesting a rich variety of ways to engineer new nanophotonic functions using 2D transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers.
Laboratory Experimentation of Autonomous Spacecraft Approach and Docking to a Collaborative Target (2006)

A new laboratory test bed i s introduced, which enables the hardware -in -the -loop simulation of the autonomous approach and docking of a chaser spacecraft to a target spacecraft of similar mass. The test bed consists of a chaser spacecraft and a target spacecraft simulator s floating via air pads on a flat floor. The prototype docking interface mechanism of Defense Advanced Research Projec ts Agency’s (DARPA’s) Orbital Express mission is integrated on the spacecraft simulators. Relative navigation of the chaser spacecraft is obtained by fusing the measurements from a single -camera vision sensor and an inertial measurement unit , through Kalma n filters . The target is collaborative in the sense that a pattern of three infrared Light Emitting Diodes is mounted on it as reference for the relative navigation. Eight cold -gas on -off thrusters are used for the t ranslation of the chaser vehicle . They a re commanded using a non -linear control algorithm based on S ch mit t triggers. Furthermore, a reaction wheel is used for the vehicle rotation with a proportional derivative linear control. Experimental results are presented of both autonomous proximity maneu ver a nd autonomous docking of the chaser simulator to the non -floating target . The presented results validate the proposed estimation and control methods and demonstrate the capability of the test bed.
Highly Organized Self‐Assembled Monolayer and Multilayer Films of Titania Nanosheets (2004)

Highly organized monolayer and multilayer films of titania nanosheets have been fabricated via electrostatic self‐assembly of large‐sized sheets and subsequent ultrasonic treatment. Overlapped or crumpled portions of the nanosheets in an as‐deposited film are effectively trimmed upon ultrasonication in a tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution, resulting in neat tiling of the nanosheets without gaps and extensive overlaps (see Figure).
Hot-Film Wall Shear Probe Measurements Inside a Ventricular Assist Device (1988)

Wall shear rates at eleven sites within the Penn State Electric Ventricular Assist Device (EVAD) were determined with the pump operating under conditions of 30 and 50 percent systolic duration and a mean flow rate of 5.8 L/min using a flush-mounted hot-film probe. Probe calibrations were performed with the hot-film in two orientations relative to the flow direction: a standard orientation and an orientation in which the hot-film was rotated by 90 deg from the standard orientation. The magnitude and direction of the wall shear stress at each site within the EVAD were estimated from ensemble averaged voltage data recorded for similar standard and rotated film orientations. The results indicate that, during diastole the wall shear stress direction around the pump's periphery for both operating conditions is predominantly perpendicular to the inflow-outflow plane (in the direction of the pusher plate motion) and reaches a peak value of approximately 350 dynes/cm2. The highest wall shear stresses were found near the prosthetic aortic valve (inside the EVAD) under the 30 percent systolic duration condition and are estimated to be as high as 2700 dynes/cm2. Peak shear stress values of 1400 dynes/cm2 were observed in the vicinity of the prosthetic mitral valve under both operating conditions. The results suggested that the valve regions are substantially more hemolytic than other wall regions of the EVAD; the magnitudes of the wall shear stresses are sensitive to operating conditions; and that wall shear in the direction of pusher plate motion can be significant.
Comparison of solid-state thermionic refrigeration with thermoelectric refrigeration (2001)

A theoretical analysis of single-barrier thermionic emission cooling in semiconducting materials is performed using Fermi–Dirac statistics. Both maximum cooling and coefficient of performance are evaluated. It is shown that the performance of a thermionic refrigerator is governed by the same materials factor as thermoelectric devices. For all known materials, single-barrier thermionic refrigeration is less effective and less efficient than thermoelectric refrigeration.
Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia (2005)

Wild waterfowl, including ducks, are natural hosts of influenza A viruses. These viruses rarely caused disease in ducks until 2002, when some H5N1 strains became highly pathogenic. Here we show that these H5N1 viruses are reverting to nonpathogenicity in ducks. Ducks experimentally infected with viruses isolated between 2003 and 2004 shed virus for an extended time (up to 17 days), during which variant viruses with low pathogenicity were selected. These results suggest that the duck has become the "Trojan horse" of Asian H5N1 influenza viruses. The ducks that are unaffected by infection with these viruses continue to circulate these viruses, presenting a pandemic threat.
Oxidative Coupling Reaction of 2-Halophenols with K3Fe(CN)6 in Benzene Solution (1983)

The oxidat~ve coupling of twelve 2-halophenols l&-&E) was carried out with K FelCN)6 in benzene solvtmn to obtain the corresponding dibenzofuran 3 derivatrves.However, only a small amount of the desired dibenzofurans such as 2 , 6 -d r -~-b ~t y l -8 -m e t h o ~y d d b b b ~o f ~~a n -1 , 4 -g u n o n ($1 and 4.8-dl-s-butyl-2.6-dr-rsopropyl-1-hydroxydibennnfuran1111 were obtained from 2 -b r o m o -6 -s -"A butyl-4-nethoxy-(Id1 and 2-broma-4-~-butyl-6-iterttertp~~pylphenol (%), respectively "A ' Y".butylphenol ( 1 3 ) i n very poor y i e l d t o g e t h e r w i t h a l a r g e amount of a t a r r y m a t e r i a l . %""AS described above, an a t t e m p t t o f i n d g e n e r a l p r e p a r a t i v e method of dibenzofurans from 2-halophenols by o x i d a t i v e c o u p l i n g was f a i l e d .T h ~s means t h a t two LEG-butyl groups a t t h e p o s i t i o n s 4 and 6 of 2-bromophenols a r e n e c e s s a r y t o o b t a i n dlbenzofuran d e r i v a t i v e s i n good y i e l d s .
An oversampled multibit CMOS D/A converter for digital audio with 115-dB dynamic range (1991)

The analog part of a current-mode CMOS 5-b bidirectional digital/analog (D/A) converter for digital audio with 115-dB dynamic range and -90-dB distortion at 128-times oversampling is presented. The application of a multibit noise shaping approach combined with a sign-magnitude decoding in an oversampled D/A converter not only increases the dynamic range of the converter but also reduces the intermodulation sensitivity. A dynamic self-calibration technique is used to obtain the required relative accuracy and absolute linearity of the current sources. No laser or external trimming techniques are required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
From CTL to datalog (2003)

We provide a translation from CTL to DatalogSucc. The translation has the following advantages: a) It is natural. b) It provides intuition to the expressive power of CTL and its various fragments. c) It uses a fragment of DatalogSucc which is close to the expressive power of CTL.
Ionically cross-linked carrageenan-alginate hydrogel beads (2007)

Hydrogel beads based on the carbohydrate biopolymers kappa-carrageenan and sodium alginate were newly prepared. Both classical and experimental design (Taguchi) methods were used to obtain the optimum conditions for the full-polysaccharide hydrogel preparation. The carrageenan-alginate (Caralgi) beads exhibited a surface morphology smoother than that of the one-polysaccharide network beads. Infrared spectroscopy and DSC/TGA thermal methods were used to study the chemical structure and thermal properties of the beads. The carrageenan parts appreciably enhanced thermostability of the networks. The fully carbohydrate-based hydrogel beads are expected to be biologically compatible and degradable. They are being considered as new carriers for drug loading and controlled delivery systems.
The fiber-optic subscriber network in Japan (1994)

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) has two primary aims regarding the installation of optical fiber cables for subscriber networks as the access network: to provide high-speed broadband services, and to provide narrowband services through optical fiber cables with subscriber-line multiplex technology. Thus, NTT is preparing an infrastructure to support the forthcoming B-ISDN subscriber networks. NTT has been developing technologies for implementing the full-scale construction of fiber-optic subscriber networks. The present article describes the deployment methodology for these networks, their current status, and plans for their future development.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of granular insecticides against Machaerota spangbergii a new pest of jujube. (1980)

In January 1974, a severe incidence of Machaerota spangbergii Signoret was recorded from the jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Link.) orchard of the Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, which was budded in situ during August-September 1969. The granular application of diazinon, fenitrothion, fenthion, phorate and aldicarb was made at the rate of 10 and 20 g a. i. per tree for controlling this pest. The treatments of aldicarb at the rate of 10 and 20 g a. i./tree were found comparatively better than o her treatments in controlling this pest and were found effective up to 72 days after the application of the insecticide.
Decreased endopelvic fascia elastin content in uterine prolapse (2007)

Significantly decreased desmosine content was measured in the uterosacral ligament tissue from women with prolapse versus controls in women with parity >2 and in women with complete procidentia. Suppression of mRNA for LOX and two LOX isoenzymes was correspondingly present. These results suggest that altered elastin metabolism is present in women with uterine prolapse.
Liquid crystalline hexa-amides and side chain polysiloxanes of azacrown [18]-N <sub>6</sub> (1994)

Abstract The hexa-4-dodecyloxybenzoyl derivative 1 of azacrown [18]-N6 was originally reported to have a ‘tubular’ mesophase on the basis of its large central ring and 6-fold symmetry. Starting in the mesophase, annealing of 1 under a cover slip results in formation of a new crystalline phase that melts directly to an isotropic liquid at the temperature previously observed for the mesophase to isotropic transition. Thus the phase behaviour of 1 is kinetically controlled. The analogous hexa-3,4-bisdodecyloxybenzoyl derivative 2 of azacrown [18]-N6 has no kinetic limitations to its phase changes and has an enantiotropic columnar liquid crystalline phase. We have synthesized side chain copolysiloxanes with a (CH2)11 spacer and 75–84 per cent by weight of the same 4-dodecyloxybenzoyl-[18]-N6 mesogen. The polysiloxanes also display a liquid crystalline phase.
The Future of Data-driven Personas: A Marriage of Online Analytics Numbers and Human Attributes (2019)

The massive volume of online analytics data about customers has led to novel opportunities for user segmentation. However, getting real value from data remains challenging for many organizations. One of the recent innovations in online analytics is data-driven persona generation that can be used to create high-quality human representations from online analytics data. This manuscript (a) summarizes the potential of data-driven persona generation for online analytics, (b) characterizes nine open research questions for data-driven persona generation, and (c) outlines a research agenda for making persona analytics more useful for decision makers.
Identification of a Coronary-to-Bronchial-Artery Communication With MDCT Shows the Diagnostic Potential of This New Technology (2007)

Development and refinement of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has brought the potential to replace conventional coronary angiography with a noninvasive technique that has comparable spatial and temporal resolution with a single breath-hold. Although clinical use of MDCT has largely been confined to evaluation of atherosclerotic coronary artery burden and coronary artery anomalies, it can be applied to diagnosis of other problems concerning the thoracic vasculature. We present the case of a middle-aged man who presented with recent-onset exertional angina: 64-detector CT was used as an alternative to cardiac catheterization and identified the underlying anatomic anomaly, a rare coronary-to-bronchial-artery communication. Clinicians should be aware that the newest generation of MDCT equipment may allow many patients to forego diagnostic cardiac catheterization without compromise in quality of care.
Suggested Modifications to a Distillation-Free Solvent Purification System (2001)

A number of modifications to a previously published distillation-free solvent purification system are suggested. The recommended changes result in a substantial savings of cost, space, and time. Several problems encountered in the purification of ethereal solvents are discussed.
Measuring nanomechanical properties of a dynamic contact using an indenter probe and quartz crystal microbalance (2001)

A study of the contact mechanics of a probe tip interacting with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) has been performed, involving simultaneous measurements of normal load, displacement, and contact stiffness with changes in QCM resonant frequency. For metal–metal and glass–metal contacts in air, the QCM frequency shifts were observed to be positive, and directly proportional to the contact area as inferred from the contact stiffness. Interfacial characteristics of the probe–tip contact (elasticity, contact size, and an estimate of the number of contacting asperities) were deduced by extending a prior model of single asperity contact to the case of multiple contacts. The extended model clarifies a number of seemingly disparate experimental results that have been reported in the literature.
Use of Electronic Resources among Academics at the University of Karachi (2010)

A sample of seventy faculty from the University of Karachi Faculty of Arts were surveyed. The study explores the University of Karachi's facilities for using electronic resources. Some departments have fully-equipped computer labs, while some have a few computers. A few departments also provide computers to individual academics in their offices. An Internet connection is available to 92.9 percent of the departments. A majority of the academics have computer skills that facilitate the use of electronic resources, although a majority have little knowledge of electronic resources, which is not a positive aspect of the findings. Most use both electronic and printed resources, or only printed sources. Electronic resources are used for research and for preparation of lectures. Lack of knowledge and lack of facilities are the main reasons for not using electronic resources. Nearly all respondents are satisfied or quite satisfied with available resources.
The Flavin Environment in Old Yellow Enzyme (1999)

Spectroscopic and chemical modification studies of modified flavins bound to old yellow enzyme have led to predictions about the flavin environment of this enzyme. These studies analyzed solvent accessibility and hydrogen bonding patterns of particular flavin atoms, in addition to suggesting amino acid residues that are in close proximity to those atoms. Here, these studies are evaluated in the light of the crystal structure of old yellow enzyme to reveal that the spectroscopic and modified flavin results are generally consistent with the crystal structure. This highlights the fact that these are useful methods for studying flavin binding site structure. Although several of the inferred properties of the flavin environment are not consistent with the crystal structure, these discrepancies occurred in cases where an incorrect choice was made from among multiple plausible explanations for an experimental result. We conclude that modified flavin studies are powerful probes of flavin environment; however, it is risky to specify details of interactions, especially because of uncertainties due to induced charge delocalization in the flavin.
Single Chip White LEDs (2002)

The operation principles of the various single chip luminescence conversion (LUCO) white LEDs, that can be realized with blue or ultraviolet (UV) LED chips, are briefly reviewed. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the so far almost unexplored case of UV pumped tricolor LUCO white LEDs, InxGa1—xN single quantum well LED layer sequences were grown by MOCVD and processed into near-UV LED pump chips. Europium doped oxide and sulfide phosphors emitting in the blue, the green and the red spectral range were used for UV to visible conversion. With white blends prepared from these phosphors, housed white LEDs with high color quality were realized.
L2 Regularization for Learning Kernels (2012)

The choice of the kernel is critical to the success of many learning algorithms but it is typically left to the user. Instead, the training data can be used to learn the kernel by selecting it out of a given family, such as that of non-negative linear combinations of p base kernels, constrained by a trace or L1 regularization. This paper studies the problem of learning kernels with the same family of kernels but with an L2 regularization instead, and for regression problems. We analyze the problem of learning kernels with ridge regression. We derive the form of the solution of the optimization problem and give an efficient iterative algorithm for computing that solution. We present a novel theoretical analysis of the problem based on stability and give learning bounds for orthogonal kernels that contain only an additive term O(pp/m) when compared to the standard kernel ridge regression stability bound. We also report the results of experiments indicating that L1 regularization can lead to modest improvements for a small number of kernels, but to performance degradations in larger-scale cases. In contrast, L2 regularization never degrades performance and in fact achieves significant improvements with a large number of kernels.
The microwave spectrum of the chloromethyl radical, CH<sub>2</sub>Cl (1984)

The gas phase pure rotational spectrum of the chloromethyl radical, CH 2 Cl, has been observed for the first time in the millimetre wave region using a source frequency modulation microwave spectrometer equipped with a 1 m long free space absorption cell. The radical was generated by the reaction of CH 3 Cl with 2450-MHz microwave discharge products of CF 4 . The a-type R-branch transitions have been observed with resolved fine and hyperfine components for both the 35 Cl and 37 Cl isotopic species in the ground vibrational state. The small positive inertial defect. Δ 0 = 0.0333 amu Å 2 , calculated from the rotational constants obtained for the 35 Cl species indicates that the radical is planar in the ground vibronic state. The observed fine and hyperfine interaction constants are consistent with 2 B 1 symmetry, i.e., with the unpaired electron occupying a p π orbital extending perpendicular to the molecular plane.
Effects of the properties of short peptides conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides on their internalization into cells (2015)

Peptides, especially intracellular functional peptides that can play a particular role inside a cell, have attracted attention as promising materials to control cell fate. However, hydrophilic materials like peptides are difficult for cells to internalize. Therefore, the screening and design of intracellular functional peptides are more difficult than that of extracellular ones. An effective high-throughput screening system for intracellular functional peptides has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate a novel peptide array system for screening intracellular functional peptides, in which both cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) domain and photo-cleavable linkers are used. By using this screening system, we determined how the cellular uptake properties of CPP-conjugated peptides varied depending on the properties of the conjugated peptides. We found that the internalization ability of CPP-conjugated peptides varied greatly depending on the property of the conjugated peptides, and anionic peptides drastically decreased the uptake ability. We summarized our data in a scatter diagram that plots hydrophobicity versus isoelectric point (pI) of conjugated peptides. These results define a peptide library suitable for screening of intracellular functional peptides. Thus, our system, including the diagram, is a promising tool for searching biological active molecules such as peptide-based drugs.
The Application of Carbodiimide Chemistry to Coatings (1997)

The use of carbodiimide chemistry in coatings has been explored. Model studies show that in polar environments, at elevated temperatures and in the presence of amines, that carbodiimides react with acetic acid to form predominately N-acyl urea products. DSC results show that the N-acyl urea moiety is stable below 155 °C. At ambient temperature, the half-life of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of an equal molar amount of acetic acid is two hours. Multifunctional carbodiimides were synthesized from multifunctional isocyanates, ureas and thioureas. Crosslinking studies showed that emulsions of multifunctional carbodiimides are excellent low-temperature crosslinkers for waterborne coatings. Blends of polycarbodiimide emulsions and waterborne carboxylic acid-containing particles dry to give films with improved tensile properties and excellent solvent resistance. Carboxylic acid-containing waterborne particles were modified using alkyl carbodiimide ethyl methacrylates to produce waterborne particles with polymerizable double bonds. Films prepared from these reactive particles and small amounts of t-butyl peroxybenzoate were shown to cure thermally giving films with high gel content. Carbodiimides were blocked with diethylamine and novolac resins to form guanidine and isourea moieties. The use of these carbodiimide blocking technologies is described for powder coatings and high resolution dual-tone photoresists.