gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS REINVENTED (2006)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPEPTIDE SYNTHESIS REINVENTEDVersatile amide-forming reaction could transform field of biomolecular synthesisSTU BORMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2006, 84, 5, 7Publication Date (Print):January 30, 2006Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 30 January 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v084n005.p007https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v084n005.p007newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Amides,Functional groups,Ligation,Organic synthesis,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Second Class Minors (2003)

CD4 T cells regulate immune responses that cause chronic graft rejection and graft versus host disease but their target antigens remain virtually unknown. We developed a new method to identify CD4 T cell-stimulating antigens. LacZ-inducible CD4 T cells were used as a probe to detect their cognate peptide/MHC II ligand generated in dendritic cells fed with Escherichia coli expressing a library of target cell genes. The murine H46 locus on chromosome 7 was thus found to encode the interleukin 4-induced IL4i1 gene. The IL4i1 precursor contains the HAFVEAIPELQGHV peptide which is presented by A(b) major histocompatibility complex class II molecule via an endogenous pathway in professional antigen presenting cells. Both allelic peptides bind A(b) and a single alanine to methionine substitution at p2 defines nonself. These results reveal novel features of H loci that regulate CD4 T cell responses as well as provide a general strategy for identifying elusive antigens that elicit CD4 T cell responses to tumors or self-tissues in autoimmunity.
Improving SIMD code generation in QEMU (2015)

Modern processors are often enhanced using SIMD instructions, such as the MMX, SSE, and AVX instructions set in the x86 architecture, or the NEON instruction set in the ARM architecture. Using these SIMD instructions could significantly increase application performance, hence in application binaries a significant proportion of instructions are likely to be SIMD instructions. However, Dynamic Binary Translation (DBT) has largely overlooked SIMD instruction translation. For example, in the popular QEMU system emulator, guest SIMD instructions are often emulated with a sequence of scalar instructions even when the host machines have SIMD instructions to support such parallel computation, leaving significant potential for performance enhancement. In this paper, we propose two approaches, one leveraging the existing helper function implementation in QEMU, and the other using a newly introduced vector IR (Intermediate Representation) to enhance the performance of SIMD instruction translation in DBT of QEMU. Both approaches were implemented in the QEMU to support ARM and IA32 frontend and x86-64 backend. Preliminary experiments show that adding vector IR can significantly enhance the performance of guest applications containing SIMD instructions for both ARM and IA32 architectures when running with QEMU on the x86-64 platform.
A transpositional redundant data update algorithm for growing server-less video streaming systems (2004)

Recently, a new server-less architecture is proposed for building low-cost yet scalable video streaming systems. In this architecture, video blocks are distributed among user hosts and these hosts cooperate to stream video blocks to one another. To improve reliability, data and capacity redundancy are introduced to sustain node failures. However, the data placement as well as the redundant data in the system will need to be updated whenever new nodes join the system. Results show that the redundancy update overhead is very significant and even exceeds that in data reorganization. We present a new Transpositional Redundant Data Update algorithm that takes advantage of the structure of Reed-Solomon Erasure Correction codes and employs a special encoding scheme to significantly reduce the redundancy update overhead, especially when updates are performed in batch.
High‐Level Transient Production of a Heterologous Protein in Plants by Optimizing Induction of a Chemically Inducible Viral Amplicon Expression System (2007)

We have demonstrated that the method of chemical induction using a chemically inducible viral amplicon expression system can be optimized to increase expression of a heterologous protein in plants. A cucumber mosaic virus inducible viral amplicon (CMViva) expression system was used to transiently produce a recombinant human blood protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), by co-infiltrating intact and detached Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with two Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, one containing the CMViva expression cassette carrying the AAT gene and the other containing a binary vector carrying the gene silencing suppressor p19. Infiltrated plants were induced by either topical applications or pressure injections and inducer was applied at either a single or multiple time points. Applying induction solution every 2 days via topical application resulted in increasing maximum levels of biologically functional rAAT from 0.71% to 1.3% of the total soluble protein (TSP) in detached plant leaves, a 1.8-fold improvement. Multiple applications of induction solution via pressure injection into intact leaves resulted in maximum levels of biologically functional rAAT being elevated 3-fold up to 2.4% of TSP compared to 0.8% of TSP when using the conventional method of a single topical application, and expression levels remained high 6 days post-induction. Overall production of rAAT in intact leaves was found to have a maximum level of 5.8% of TSP or 390 mg rAAT per kg leaf tissue when applying multiple injections of chemical induction solution.
Conformation dependence of antigenic determinants on the collagen molecule. (1973)

Three different types of antigenic determinants were demonstrated in soluble collagen with the aid of rat, rabbit and chicken antisera to native collagen. Helical antigenic determinants which require an intact triple-helical structure of the molecule are mainly recognized by rat antisera. Renaturation of the serologically inactive unfolded polypeptide chains (denatured collagen) is accompanied by a significant recovery of serological activity. Central antigenic determinants which are probably located in the same regions of amino acid sequence are less accessible in the native antigen and become exposed upon denaturation. Equal titres for both types of determinants are found in chicken antisera. Immunization with denatured collagen, however, revealed a response restricted to the central type. Isolated antibodies specific for terminal non-helical antigenic determinants, as yet only known to occur in rabbit antisera, reacted equally well with native collagen, the unfolded polypeptide chains and with small cyanogen bromide peptides. Independence of conformation is therefore suggested for these antigenic structures.
Web-Data Augmented Language Models for Mandarin Conversational Speech Recognition (2006)

Lack of data is a problem in training language models for conversational speech recognition, particularly for languages other than English. Experiments in English have successfully used Web-based text collection, targeted for a conversational style, to augment small sets of transcribed speech; we look at extending these techniques to Mandarin. In addition, we investigate different techniques for topic adaptation. Experiments in recognizing Mandarin telephone conversations show that the use of filtered Web data leads to a 28% reduction in perplexity and 7% reduction in character error rate, with most of the gain due to the general filtered Web data.
Cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP induced changes in control and hypertrophic cardiac myocyte function interact through cyclic GMP affected cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases (1999)

We tested the hypothesis that the negative functional effects of cyclic GMP (cGMP) would be greater after increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP), because of the action of cGMP-affected cAMP phosphodiesterases in cardiac myocytes and that this effect would be altered in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) produced by aortic valve plication. Myocyte shortening data were collected using a video edge detector, and O2 consumption was measured by O2 electrodes during stimulation (5 ms, 1 Hz, in 2 mM Ca2+) from control (n = 7) and LVH (n = 7) dog ventricular myocytes. cAMP and cGMP were determined by a competitive binding assay. cAMP was increased by forskolin and milrinone (10-6 M). cGMP was increased with zaprinast and decreased by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxilin-1-one (ODQ) both at 10-6 and 10-4 M, with and without forskolin or forskolin + milrinone. Zaprinast significantly decreased percent shortening in control (9 ± 1 to 7 ± 1%) and LVH (10 ± 1 to 7 ± 1%) myocytes. It increased cGMP in control (36 ± 5 to 52 ± 7 fmol/105 myocytes) and from the significantly higher baseline value in LVH (71 ± 12 to 104 ± 18 fmol/105 myocytes). ODQ increased myocyte function and decreased cGMP levels in control and LVH myocytes. Forskolin + milrinone increased cAMP levels in control (6 ± 1 to 15 ± 2 pmol/105 myocytes) and LVH (8 ± 1 to 18 ± 2 pmol/105 myocytes) myocytes, as did forskolin alone. They also significantly increased percent shortening. There were significant negative functional effects of zaprinast after forskolin + milrinone in control (15 ± 2 to 9 ± 1%), which were greater than zaprinast alone, and LVH (12 ± 1 to 9 ± 1%). This was associated with an increase in cGMP and a reduction in the increased cAMP induced by forskolin or milrinone. ODQ did not further increase function after forskolin or milrinone in control myocytes, despite lowering cGMP. However, it prevented the forskolin and milrinone induced increase in cAMP. In hypertrophy, ODQ lowered cGMP and increased function after forskolin. ODQ did not affect cAMP after forskolin and milrinone in LVH. Thus, the level of cGMP was inversely correlated with myocyte function. When cAMP levels were elevated, cGMP was still inversely correlated with myocyte function. This was, in part, related to alterations in cAMP. The interaction between cGMP and cAMP was altered in LVH myocytes.Key words: second messengers, cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, cardiac myocyte function, cyclic GMP dependent cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases, left ventricular hypertrophy, dog.
Regulation of hepatic expression of IGF I and fetal IGF binding protein mRNA in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats (1989)

Hepatic mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) and of the fetal, nonglycosylated 32 kDa IGF-binding protein (BP) were analysed in diabetic, diabetic insulin- and IGF I-treated rats as well as in age-matched, healthy control animals. IGF ImRNA levels are reduced in diabetic rats and increased by insulin treatment. In contrast, the infusion of IGF I does not significantly upregulate IGF I mRNA levels. Fetal IGF BP mRNA expression is very low in healthy control animals, but high levels are found in diabetic rats. Insulin therapy lowers fetal IGF BP mRNA levels, whereas IGF I has no effect. We propose that insulin is a major regulator of the 32 kDa IGF BP levels in adult rats.
METHYL KETONE METABOLISM IN HYDROCARBON-UTILIZING MYCOBACTERIA (1963)

Lukins, H. B. (University of Texas, Austin) and J. W. Foster. Methyl ketone metabolism in hydrocarbon-utilizing mycobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 85: 1074-1087. 1963.-Species of Mycobacterium especially M. smegmatis 422, produced the homologous methyl ketones during the oxidation of propane, n-butane, n-pentane, or n-hexane. A carrier-trapping experiment demonstrated the formation of 2-undecanone, as well as 1,11-undecanedioic acid, during the oxidation of undecane-1-C(14). Aliphatic alkane-utilizing mycobacteria were able to grow at the expense of several aliphatic methyl ketones as sole sources of carbon. Other ketones which did not support growth were oxidized by resting bacterial suspensions. M. smegmatis 422 cells grown on propane or acetone were simultaneously adapted to oxidize both substrates, as well as n-propanol. n-Propanol cells were unadapted to propane or acetone. Acetone produced from propane in a medium enriched in D(2)O contained a negligible quantity of D, presumably eliminating propylene as an intermediate in the oxidation. Cells grown at the expense of alkanes or methyl ketones in the presence of O(2) (18) had a higher content of O(18) than did cells grown on terminally oxidized compounds, e.g., primary alcohols or fatty acids. An oxygenase reaction is postulated for the attack on methyl ketones. Acetol was isolated and characterized as an oxidation product of acetone by M. smegmatis 422. Acetol-grown cells had a higher O(18) content than did n-propanol cells, and its utilization appears to involve at least one oxygenase reaction. Acetol produced from acetone in the presence of O(2) (18) was not enriched in the isotope, indicating the occurrence of exchange reactions or of oxygenation reactions at a later stage in the assimilation of acetone and acetol.
Cancer Incidence Among Patients of the U.S. Veterans Affairs Health Care System (2012)

Registry data indicate that incident cancers in VA in 2007 approximately mirrored those observed among U.S. men.
Blood clearance of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> by C-reactive protein. (1987)

C-reactive protein (CRP) has long been known to be an acute phase protein associated with infection and various forms of tissue damage. Recent studies have shown that human CRP can be used to passively protect mice from lethal infection with Streptococci pneumoniae. In this study we have undertaken a detailed examination of the ability of human CRP and rabbit CRP (CxRP) to mediate the blood clearance of pneumococci in mice. We have shown that the optimal activity of these acute-phase proteins requires a functioning complement system, and it can take place even in the xid mouse, which has virtually no naturally occurring anti-pneumococcal antibody in its serum. These studies provide additional evidence that CRP may play a protective role in pneumococcal infections, and it may help postpone the development of fatal levels of pneumococci in the blood, long enough for an effective anti-pneumococcal antibody response to be generated.
Influence of aperture shape on the transmission properties of a periodic array of subwavelength apertures (2004)

We demonstrate that the resonantly enhanced transmission spectrum associated with a periodic array of subwavelength apertures is dependent upon the shape of the apertures. This is demonstrated using coherent terahertz radiation and aperture arrays fabricated in 75 microm thick stainless steel foils. We examine rectangular apertures with different aspect ratios as well as circular apertures. In the absence of periodicity in the arrays, no resonance features are present. For periodic arrays, we show that the ratio of the transmission coefficients for the two lowest order resonances can be directly related to the ratio of the appropriate aperture dimensions. From the time-domain waveforms, we find two independent, yet phase-coherent, transmission processes: non-resonant transmission related to the simple transmission through subwavelength apertures and a time-delayed resonant transmission related to the interaction of the THz pulse with the periodic aperture array. In these waveforms, we also observe a sign inversion for the primary bipolar pulse relative to the reference. This is shown to be a simple consequence of diffraction.
A Cytotoxic Antibody Recognizing Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP I) on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS) Cells (2015)

We have generated a mouse monoclonal antibody (R-17F, IgG1 subtype) specific to human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS)/embryonic stem (ES) cells by using a hiPS cell line as an antigen. Triple-color confocal immunostaining images of hiPS cells with R-17F indicated that the R-17F epitope was expressed exclusively and intensively on the cell membranes of hiPS cells and co-localized partially with those of SSEA-4 and SSEA-3. Lines of evidence suggested that the predominant part of the R-17F epitope was a glycolipid. Upon TLC blot of total lipid extracts from hiPS cells with R-17F, one major R-17F-positive band was observed at a slow migration position close to that of anti-blood group H1(O) antigen. MALDI-TOF-MS and MS(n) analyses of the purified antigen indicated that the presumptive structure of the R-17F antigen was Fuc-Hex-HexNAc-Hex-Hex-Cer. Glycan microarray analysis involving 13 different synthetic oligosaccharides indicated that R-17F bound selectively to LNFP I (Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc). A critical role of the terminal Fucα1-2 residue was confirmed by the selective disappearance of R-17F binding to the purified antigen upon α1-2 fucosidase digestion. Most interestingly, R-17F, when added to hiPS/ES cell suspensions, exhibited potent dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effect was augmented markedly upon the addition of the secondary antibody (goat anti-mouse IgG1 antibody). R-17F may be beneficial for safer regenerative medicine by eliminating residual undifferentiated hiPS cells in hiPS-derived regenerative tissues, which are considered to be a strong risk factor for carcinogenesis.
Capacity of Ad Hoc wireless networks (2001)

Early simulation experience with wireless ad hoc networks suggests that their capacity can be surprisingly low, due to the requirement that nodes forward each others' packets. The achievable capacity depends on network size, traffic patterns, and detailed local radio interactions. This paper examines these factors alone and in combination, using simulation and analysis from first principles. Our results include both specific constants and general scaling relationships helpful in understanding the limitations of wireless ad hoc networks.
[Rat dental papilla cell culture with nanometer-HAP in vitro]. (2007)

RDPCs seeded into nano-HAP grow better and have more vigorous cellular activity, suggesting that nano-HAP has excellent biocompatibility with dental papilla cells, and it can serve as a promising scaffold for dental tissue engineering.
Flexible, organic, ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (2005)

Organic ion-sensitive field-effect transistors assembled on flexible plastic films have been fabricated. A thin Mylar™ foil acts both as substrate and gate dielectric. The active layer is vacuum-sublimed on one side of the foil, prepatterned with bottom-contact Au source and drain electrodes. The opposite side of the insulating film is in contact with an electrolytic solution that together with a reference electrode forms an ionic gate. A sensitivity of the device to the pH of the electrolyte solution has been observed. Thanks to the flexibility of the substrate and the low cost of the employed technology, this device opens the way for flexible sensors that can be employed in a variety of innovative applications.
Purification of an Inducible DNase from a Thermophilic Fungus (2014)

The ability to induce an extracellular DNase from a novel thermophilic fungus was studied and the DNAse purified using both traditional and innovative purification techniques. The isolate produced sterile hyphae under all attempted growing conditions, with an average diameter of 2 µm and was found to have an optimal temperature of 45 °C and a maximum of 65 °C. Sequencing of the internal transcribed region resulted in a 91% match with Chaetomium sp., suggesting a new species, but further clarification on this point is needed. The optimal temperature for DNase production was found to be 55 °C and was induced by the presence of DNA and/or deoxyribose. Static growth of the organism resulted in significantly higher DNase production than agitated growth. The DNase was purified 145-fold using a novel affinity membrane purification system with 25% of the initial enzyme activity remaining. Electrophoresis of the purified enzyme resulted in a single protein band, indicating DNase homogeneity.
Ru-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation: A Highly Efficient and Selective Process for Preparing Trans-Trans Isomer of 4,4'-Diamino-Dicyclohexy (2011)

The selective hydrogenation of 4,4'-methylenedianiline(MDA) over Ru/γ-Al2O3 was investigated in the presence of diamine and base. Under the optimum conditions: the reaction temperature of 448K, H2 pressure of 1100 psig , and reaction time of 5h, the conversion of 4,4'-methylenedianiline was close to 100% and the selectivity to trans-trans isomer of 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexy was less than 20%.
Si-based ultrasmall multiswitching single-electron transistor operating at room-temperature (2010)

An ultrasmall single-electron transistor has been made by scaling the size of a fin field-effect transistor structure down to an ultimate limiting form, resulting in the reliable formation of a sub-5 nm Coulomb island. The charge stability data feature the first exhibition of three and a half clear Coulomb diamonds at 300 K, each showing a high peak-to-valley current ratio. Its charging energy is estimated to be more than one order magnitude larger than the thermal energy at room-temperature. The hybrid literal gate integrated by this single-electron transistor combined with a field-effect transistor displays &gt;5 bit multiswitching behavior at 300 K with a large voltage swing of ∼1 V.
Lipases and Phospholipases in Drug Development (2004)

Preface.List of Contributors.1. Purification of Lipase (P. Vasudevan).2. Phospholipase A1: Structures, Physiological and Patho-physiological Roles in Mammals (K. Inoue, et al.). 3. Rational Design of a Liposomal Drug Delivery System Based on Biophysical Studies of Phospholipase A2 Activity on Model Lipid Membranes (K.Jorgensen, et al.). 4. Phospholipase D (J. Exton).5. Sphingomyelinases and Their Interaction with Membrane Lipids (F. Goni & A. Alonso).6. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol Cleavage Products in Signal Transduction (Y. Leon & I. Varela-Nieto).7. High-throughput Screening of Hormone-sensitive Lipase and Subsequent Computer-assisted Compound Optimization (S. Petry, et al.). 8. Endothelial Lipase: A Novel Drug Target for HDL and Atherosclerosis? (K. Badellino, et al.). 9. Digestive Lipases Inhibition: an In vitro Study (A. Tiss, et al.). 10. Physiology of Gastrointestinal Lipolysis and Therapeutical Use of Lipases and Digestive Lipase Inhibitors (H. Lengsfeld, et al.). 11. Physiological and Pharmacological Regulation of Triacylglycerol Storage and Mobilization (G. Muller).Subject Index.
Light and oxygen induced degradation limits the operational stability of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells (2016)

Here, we demonstrate that light and oxygen-induced degradation is the main reason for the low operational stability of methylammonium lead triiodide (MeNH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>) perovskite solar cells exposed to ambient conditions.