gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pseudorandom built-in self-test methodology and implementation for the IBM RISC System/6000 processor (1990)

This paper describes a unified self-test and system bring-up methodology. The components involved include a common on-chip processor (COP) that executes the chip self-test sequence and provides an interface to the COP bus, a serial bus (COP bus) that links the chips to OCS and ESP, an on-card sequencer (OCS) that controls the self-test and system initialization sequences, and an engineering support processor (ESP) that is used for system verification, bring-up, and debug. Almost all RISC System/6000* chips contain embedded RAMs such as register files, caches, and directories; therefore, the self-test methodology described here is particularly suitable for logic chips that contain embedded arrays. Logic and RAM self-test is executed by a control processor (COP) integrated on the chips. The COP controls the self-test sequence, generates pseudorandom test vectors, scans them into chip registers, and provides the select lines that establish a one-to-one correspondence between RAM input/output and chip registers. The COP also drives RAM read/write lines during self-test, scans the captured RAM outputs, and compresses them to obtain a signature. After the vectors are scanned in, the chip runs for one or two system cycles, the logic outputs are captured in registers, and the chip state is scanned back into the COP, where it is compressed to obtain a signature. This procedure is repeated many times, and the final signature is then compared with a predetermined “good” signature to establish whether the chip is good or bad. Special techniques are developed to improve the coverage of logic that feeds RAMS or receives its inputs from RAMs. Both ac and dc self-test are described. The self-test sequence is controlled by a program stored in the OCS, and ESP is used during system bring-up to set up break-points and to display and modify the machine state.
Presence and instability of repetitive elements in sequences the altered expression of which characterizes risk for colonic cancer. (1995)

50C10 and 52H10 are two DNA clones previously reported by us to be overexpressed in human colonic mucosa at high risk for development of colonic tumors. This report presents sequencing data that reveal that these clones contain repetitive Alu elements. Each Alu sequence is associated with a 3'-oligoadenylate [oligo(A)] sequence, which is demonstrated to exhibit instability in human colonic tumors. The oligo(A) sequences only decrease in length, unlike microsatellites, which can either increase or decrease. Rigorous quantitative analysis of the length of the oligo(A) sequence in colonic tumors demonstrates that the standard deviation of the length of the sequence in tumors is a function of the mean length; i.e., as the oligo(A) sequence becomes progressively shorter, the variance increases. Both measurements, therefore, provide a quantitative index of the extent of instability in a tissue. Comparison of instability at the oligo(A) loci defined by 50C10 and 52H10 to instability at a CA microsatellite upstream of the apoD gene, and comparison of an oligo(A) and a CA microsatellite both in the 3' untranslated region of the cyclin D1 mRNA demonstrate that instability in a tumor, when present, is more prominent for the oligo(A) sequences than for the microsatellite (P < 0.0001). This suggests either that the mechanisms that generate oligo(A) instability are more penetrant than those that generate microsatellite instability, or that the instability at oligo(A) sequences takes place earlier in the development of the tumor and is selected for, thus becoming more prominent. These features of oligo(A) instability suggest that they may be uniquely useful in detecting and quantifying instability in tissues. Further, the presence of repetitive sequence elements in loci overexpressed in colonic mucosa at risk may be related to an extensive literature that demonstrates that a variety of repetitive sequences accumulate in the cellular RNA population during carcinogenesis and in tumors. Such RNA sequences could play a mechanistic role in tumor development.
Maximum Likelihood Fitting of ARMA Models to Time Series With Missing Observations (1980)

The method of calculating the exact likelihood function of a stationary autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series based on Akaike's Markovian representation and using Kalman recursive estimation is reviewed. This state space approach involves matrices and vectors with dimensions equal to Max (p, q + 1) where p is the order of the autoregression and q is the order of the moving average, rather than matrices with dimensions equal to the number of observations. A key to the calculation of the exact likelihood function is the proper calculation of the initial state covariance matrix. The inclusion of observational error into the model is discussed as is the extension to missing observations. The use of a nonlinear optimization program gives the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and allows for model identification based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). An example is presented fitting models to western United States drought data.
Improved survival in systemic sclerosis is associated with better ascertainment of internal organ disease: a retrospective cohort study (2009)

Survival has substantially improved for the diffuse cutaneous subset of SSc with better and more complete ascertainment of lung complications as a result of systematic annual screening.
Exploring the Role of Anti-solvent Effects during Washing on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Purity (2021)

Washing is a key step in pharmaceutical isolation to remove the unwanted crystallization solvent (mother liquor) from the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) filter cake. This study looks at strategies for optimal wash solvent selection, which minimizes the dissolution of API product crystals while preventing the precipitation of product or impurities. Selection of wash solvents to avoid both these phenomena can be challenging but is essential to maintain the yield, purity, and particle characteristics throughout the isolation process. An anti-solvent screening methodology has been developed to quantitatively evaluate the propensity for precipitation of APIs and their impurities of synthesis during washing. This is illustrated using paracetamol (PCM) and two typical impurities of synthesis during the washing process. The solubility of PCM in different binary wash solutions was measured to provide a basis for wash solvent selection. A map of wash solution composition boundaries for precipitation for the systems investigated was developed to depict where anti-solvent phenomena will take place. For some crystallization and wash solvent combinations investigated, as much as 90% of the dissolved PCM and over 10% of impurities present in the PCM saturated mother liquor were found to precipitate out. Such levels of uncontrolled crystallization during washing in a pharmaceutical isolation process can have a drastic effect on the final product purity. Precipitation of both the product and impurities from the mother liquor can be avoided by using a solvent in which the API has a solubility similar to that in the mother liquor; for example, the use of acetonitrile as a wash solvent does not result in precipitation of either the PCM API or its impurities. However, the high solubility of PCM in acetonitrile would result in noticeable dissolution of API during washing and would lead to agglomeration during the subsequent drying step. Contrarily, the use of <i>n</i>-heptane as a wash solvent for a PCM crystal slurry resulted in the highest amount of precipitation among the solvent pairs evaluated. This can be mitigated by designing a multi-stage washing strategy where wash solutions of differing wash solvent concentrations are used to minimize step changes in solubility when the mother liquor and the wash solvent come into contact.
Ultra-high-speed modulation of 1.3-µm InGaAsP diode lasers (1986)

The differential gain of 1.3 μm InGaAsP lasers is found to be a strong function of the active layer doping level. Using devices with doping enhanced differential gain and short cavity lengths, a modulation bandwidth of 15 GHz is achieved. The parasitic shunt capacitance which often severely limits the modulation bandwidth of diode lasers is greatly reduced by using a 0.4 μm thick oxide isolation layer and a device structure which minimizes parasitic capacitances. It is found that nonlinear gain saturation predominantly determines the damping factor of these devices, and thus greatly influences their modulation characteristics. The contribution of nonlinear gain to the FM modulation index and relaxation oscillation damping factor is calculated and measured. The nonlinear gain contribution to the damping factor obtained from the measured FM modulation index is used to predict the optical intensity modulation response. Excellent agreement between prediction and observation is obtained. These data directly show that the damping factor of multilongitudinal-mode lasers is smaller than that of single-mode lasers, suggesting that wider modulation bandwidths can be achieved with multimode devices than with single-mode devices.
Saponins of quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>): Effects of processing on their abundance in quinoa products and their biological effects on intestinal mucosal tissue (1993)

Abstract Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa ) is a valuable source of protein in some parts of South America, and it is likely to be exploited further in both developing and industrialised countries. However, quinoa seeds contain significant levels of saponins which are potential antinutrients. In the present study, the effects of processing on the quantity and composition of saponins in quinoa products were determined, and the biological effects of quinoa grain and cereal products containing high or low levels of saponins were investigated both in vitro and in vivo in the rat. Quinoa saponins were shown to be membranolytic against cells of the small intestine and to cause an increase in mucosal permeability in vitro. Unwashed bitter quinoa caused a significant food aversion and poor food conversion efficiency in rats. However, processing quinoa, during the manufacture of an infant cereal, reduced the concentration and membranolytic activity of saponins, and increased the palatability and nutritional quality of the cereal product to a level similar to that of a wheat‐based cereal product.
Xanthine, xanthosine and its nucleotides: solution structures of neutral and ionic forms, and relevance to substrate properties in various enzyme systems and metabolic pathways. (2004)

The 6-oxopurine xanthine (Xan, neutral form 2,6-diketopurine) differs from the corresponding 6-oxopurines guanine (Gua) and hypoxanthine (Hyp) in that, at physiological pH, it consists of a approximately 1:1 equilibrium mixture of the neutral and monoanionic forms, the latter due to ionization of N(3)-H, in striking contrast to dissociation of the N(1)-H in both Gua and Hyp at higher pH. In xanthosine (Xao) and its nucleotides the xanthine ring is predominantly, or exclusively, a similar monoanion at physiological pH. The foregoing has, somewhat surprisingly, been widely overlooked in studies on the properties of these compounds in various enzyme systems and metabolic pathways, including, amongst others, xanthine oxidase, purine phosphoribosyltransferases, IMP dehydrogenases, purine nucleoside phosphorylases, nucleoside hydrolases, the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of caffeine, the development of xanthine nucleotide-directed G proteins, the pharmacological properties of alkylxanthines. We here review the acid/base properties of xanthine, its nucleosides and nucleotides, their N-alkyl derivatives and other analogues, and their relevance to studies on the foregoing. Included also is a survey of the pH-dependent helical forms of polyxanthylic acid, poly(X), its ability to form helical complexes with a broad range of other synthetic homopolynucleotides, the base pairing properties of xanthine in synthetic oligonucleotides, and in damaged DNA, as well as enzymes involved in circumventing the existence of xanthine in natural DNA.
Fast Tandem Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Metathesis Polymerization from a Monomer Containing Cyclohexene and Terminal Alkyne (2012)

We report extremely fast tandem ring-opening/ring-closing metathesis polymerization of a monomer containing two rather unreactive functional groups: cyclohexene and a terminal alkyne. When a third-generation Grubbs catalyst was used at low temperature, this tandem polymerization produced polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersity indices. To explain this extremely fast polymerization, its reaction mechanism was studied. This new type of controlled polymerization allowed for the preparation of block copolymers using other conventional living metathesis polymerizations. The diene on the backbone of the polymer was postfunctionalized by sequential Diels-Alder and aza-Diels-Alder reactions, which led to selective functionalization depending on the stereochemistry of the diene.
Microscope Optics (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicroscope OpticsL. V. FosterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 4, 432–436Publication Date (Print):April 18, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 April 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60028a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60028a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PS-10 Optimal Velocity Estimation in Ultrasound Color Flow Imaging in Presence of Clutter Noise (2006)

In color flow imaging (CFI), the rejection of tissue clutter signal is treated separately from blood velocity estimation, by high-pass filtering the received Doppler signal. The complete suppression of clutter is then difficult to achieve without affecting the subsequent velocity estimates. In this work a different approach to velocity estimation is investigated, based on a statistical model of the signal from both clutter and blood. An analytic expression for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is developed, and used to determine the existence of an efficient maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of blood velocity, when assuming full knowledge of the clutter statistics. We further simulate and compare the performance of the MLE to that of the autocorrelation method (ACM) using different clutter filters. Two signal scenarios are simulated, representing moderate and excessive clutter conditions respectively. Simulations showed that by including 3-9 independent spatial points, the MLE variance approached the CRLB in both scenarios. The MLE showed a substantial reduction in bias and variance compared to the ACM, which only became unbiased for moderate clutter conditions, then with a variance of up to four times the CRLB. Due to long clutter filter transition regions, much performance can especially be gained for low blood velocities by incorporating a clutter signal model in model-based estimators
Preprocessing Method of Structured Big Data in Human Resource Archives Database (2020)

In order to solve the problem of false report and concealed report, this paper studies the characteristics of human resource and wage information statistics data, proposes the preprocessing method of structured big data of human resource archives database, adopts the outlier detection technology of data mining, and designs an adaptive detection method of human resource file data based on Hybrid clustering. In depth analysis of the advantages and limitations of big data preprocessing method, combined with the advantages of the two algorithms, make up for the limitations of the human resource file database structure, so that the detection process can eliminate manual intervention, and achieve the ability of adaptive calculation of initial parameters. Through the preprocessing method of structured big data of human resource archives database, the abnormal data in human resource statistical data is found. In order to verify the pre-processing method of structured big data of human resource archives database proposed in this paper, the enterprise data of enterprise wage summary table collected by statistics bureau is used. The experimental results show that the method can achieve the effect of expert detection in the detection of abnormal data, which can provide reference for the statistical department.
Growth and ferroelectricity of epitaxial-like BaTiO3 films on single-crystal MgO, SrTiO3, and silicon substrates synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (1995)

The epitaxial-like BaTiO3 (BTO) films with good ferroelectricity are obtained both on (001)SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal and on CeO2 buffered silicon substrate by pulsed laser deposition. The deposition parameters need to be stringently controlled in order to grow BTO films with good crystallinity. The BTO films grown on YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO)/CeO2/STO substrates are epitaxial, as confirmed by rocking curve, φ scan, and wide-angle x-ray-diffraction techniques. The alignment of a and b axes of BTO films on YBCO/CeO2/Si substrate is, however, not as perfect as BTO film on YBCO/STO substrate. The BTO/YBCO/CeO2/Si films are only (00l) textured. The ferroelectric property measurement, using the YBCO layer as the base electrode material, shows that the remanent polarization Pr and coercive field Ec of the BTO/YBCO/CeO2/Si films (Pr=3.6 μC/cm2, Ec=11.1 kV/cm) are, however, as good as those of the BTO/YBCO/STO films (Pr=4.0 μC/cm2, Ec=12.5 kV/cm).
Total synthesis of 6a-carbaprostaglandin I2 and related isomers (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of 6a-carbaprostaglandin I2 and related isomersDouglas R. Morton Jr. and Frances C. BrokawCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 16, 2880–2887Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01330a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01330a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-time navigation using the global positioning system (1995)

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the application of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to real-time integrated missile navigation. We present quantifiable measures of navigation accuracy as a function of GPS user segment parameters. These user segment parameters include antenna phase response accuracy, single versus dual frequency, and Kalman filter structure and size. We also formulate some new phase-locked loop (PLL) filter designs for application in GPS receivers, and demonstrate their superiority over more conventional filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pyruvate Carboxylase and Propionyl‐CoA Carboxylase as Anaplerotic Enzymes in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria (1980)

Oxygen uptake in skeletal muscle mitochondria respiring on pyruvate or on acetylcarnitine plus propionylcarnitine is stimulated 3--4-fold by bicarbonate. The stimulation is highly dependent on ATP. The respiration rate obtained amounts to 1/4-1/3 of the rate obtained with pyruvate-malate in the presence of ADP. With decreasing ATP/ADP ratios in the medium, a decreasing stimulation by bicarbonate is obtained. Similar results were obtained with heart mitochondria. With ATP added, a pyruvate-dependent build up of citric acid cycle intermediates takes place in incubations with skeletal muscle mitochondria amounting to about 0.5 nmol x min-1 x mg protein-1. In 14CO2-fixation experiments, the activity of pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.2.1) amounts to about 3 nmol x min-1 x mg protein-1 under similar conditions. With propionylcarnitine plus acetylcarnitine a similar stimulation of respiration and fixation of bicarbonate is observed. In this case the respiration and the propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) is less inhibited by ADP. The results are discussed in relation to the regulation of the level of citric acid cycle intermediates in muscle tissues. It is concluded that pyruvate carboxylase is an important anaplerotic enzyme in skeletal muscle mitochondria.
Wave-equation traveltime inversion (1991)

Abstract This paper presents a new traveltime inversion method based on the wave equation. In this new method, designated as wave-equation traveltime inversion (WT), seismograms are computed by any full-wave forward modeling method (we use a finite-difference method). The velocity model is perturbed until the traveltimes from the synthetic seismograms are best fitted to the observed traveltimes in a least squares sense. A gradient optimization method is used and the formula for the Frechet derivative (perturbation of traveltimes with respect to velocity) is derived directly from the wave equation. No traveltime picking or ray tracing is necessary, and there are no high frequency assumptions about the data. Body wave, diffraction, reflection and head wave traveltimes can be incorporated into the inversion. In the high-frequency limit, WT inversion reduces to ray-based traveltime tomography. It can also be shown that WT inversion is approximately equivalent to full-wave inversion when the starting velocity model is 'close' to the actual model.Numerical simulations show that WT inversion succeeds for models with up to 80 percent velocity contrasts compared to the failure of full-wave inversion for some models with no more than 10 percent velocity contrast. We also show that the WT method succeeds in inverting a layered velocity model where a shooting ray-tracing method fails to compute the correct first arrival times. The disadvantage of the WT method is that it appears to provide less model resolution compared to full-wave inversion, but this problem can be remedied by a hybrid traveltime + full-wave inversion method (Luo and Schuster, 1989).