gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathway Confirmation and Flux Analysis of Central Metabolic Pathways in <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i> Hildenborough using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (2006)

ABSTRACT Flux distribution in central metabolic pathways of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough was examined using 13 C tracer experiments. Consistent with the current genome annotation and independent evidence from enzyme activity assays, the isotopomer results from both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) indicate the lack of an oxidatively functional tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and an incomplete pentose phosphate pathway. Results from this study suggest that fluxes through both pathways are limited to biosynthesis. The data also indicate that >80% of the lactate was converted to acetate and that the reactions involved are the primary route of energy production [NAD(P)H and ATP production]. Independently of the TCA cycle, direct cleavage of acetyl coenzyme A to CO and 5,10-methyl tetrahydrofuran also leads to production of NADH and ATP. Although the genome annotation implicates a ferredoxin-dependent oxoglutarate synthase, isotopic evidence does not support flux through this reaction in either the oxidative or the reductive mode; therefore, the TCA cycle is incomplete. FT-ICR MS was used to locate the labeled carbon distribution in aspartate and glutamate and confirmed the presence of an atypical enzyme for citrate formation suggested in previous reports [the citrate synthesized by this enzyme is the isotopic antipode of the citrate synthesized by the ( S )-citrate synthase]. These findings enable a better understanding of the relation between genome annotation and actual metabolic pathways in D. vulgaris and also demonstrate that FT-ICR MS is a powerful tool for isotopomer analysis, overcoming the problems with both GC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
State-of-charge and state-of-health prediction of lead-acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicles using non-linear observers (2005)

The paper describes the application of state-estimation techniques for the real-time prediction of state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) of lead-acid cells. Approaches based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) are presented to provide correction for offset, drift and state divergence - an unfortunate feature of more traditional coulomb-counting techniques. Experimental results are employed to demonstrate the relative attributes of the proposed methodology
Valtrac®-secured intracolonic bypass device (1997)

PURPOSE: The intracolonic bypass tube has been used both experimentally and clinically to protect the anastomotic site. A newly designed intracolonic bypass, the Valtrac®-secured intracolonic bypass, which consisted of a biofragmentable anastomosis ring (BAR) and was connected with a soft, thin vinyl tube, was used in the colon approximately 5 to 10 cm proximal to the anastomotic site. The distal end of the vinyl tube is passed through the colonic anastomosis to the anus to bypass the fecal stream. METHODS: Eighteen piglets were divided into three groups of six each. Group A piglets underwent colon resection and rough anastomosis with large gaps between sutures, followed by Valtrac®-secured intracolonic bypass. Group B piglets underwent the same procedures, but a colonic outlet obstruction also was done with pursestring sutures tied over the anus. Group C piglets underwent colon resection and rough anastomosis, but no intracolonic bypass tube was inserted (as in the control group). RESULTS: All Group A and Group B piglets survived. Passage of the BARs occurred approximately two weeks later. As the barium enema passed through the bypass tube, it showed a patent BAR-secured tube and intact anastomosis with no leakage. In Group C, anastomotic leakage occurred in four of six piglets, three of which died. Barium enema showed leakage at the anastomotic site CONCLUSIONS: In the animal model we used, our new intracolonic bypass device proved to be a simple, safe, reliable means of protecting the anastomotic site and, thereby, eliminated the need for a diverting colostomy. Still we need further steps to test its potential in clinical use.
Pomalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter phase 1/2 open-label study (2013)

We performed a phase 1/2 trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of pomalidomide and to explore its efficacy when combined with cyclophosphamide-prednisone in relapsed/refractory myeloma patients. Pomalidomide was given at 1 to 2.5 mg/d, cyclophosphamide at 50 mg every other day, prednisone at 50 mg every other day, for 6 28-day cycles, followed by pomalidomide-prednisone maintenance therapy. Thromboprophylaxis was recommended. Sixty-nine patients were enrolled, 55 received the MTD (2.5 mg/d) and were evaluated. Best responses included complete response in 3 patients (5%), very good partial response in 10 (18%), partial response in 15 (27%), minimal response in 11 (20%), stable disease in 15 (27%), and progressive disease in 1 (3%), for an overall response rate of 51%. The median time-to-response was 1.83 months. After a median follow-up of 14.8 months, median progression-free survival was 10.4 months and 1-year overall survival was 69%. At the MTD, grade 3 to 4 toxicities included anemia (9%), thrombocytopenia (11%), neutropenia (42%), neurologic events (7%), dermatologic events (7%), and thromboembolism (2%). Grade 3 to 5 infections occurred in 5 patients (9%). Five patients (9%) discontinued treatment for toxicity. New grade 3 to 4 adverse events were low during maintenance. Pomalidomide-cyclophosphamide-prednisone is safe and effective in relapsed/refractory myeloma patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01166113.
Plasma intestinal alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in neonates with bowel necrosis. (1993)

Intestinal ALP seems to be released into the circulation in some babies with bowel necrosis, but its detection does not have the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to be a reliable biochemical marker of the condition.
IKONOS GEOMETRIC ACCURACY VALIDATION (2002)

Since its launch in September of 1999, the IKONOS satellite has been consistently providing high quality 1-meter panchromatic and 4-meter multispectral images. Accurate interior and exterior orientation enable IKONOS to achieve high geometric accuracy with or without ground control. Exterior orientation is determined by on-board GPS receivers, star trackers, gyros, and interlock angles. Post-processing of GPS data with software incorporating sophisticated filtering and orbital modeling algorithms results in accurate ephemeris. Kalman filtering of gyro and star tracker data results in optimal combination of lower frequency star tracker attitude data exhibiting high absolute accuracy with high frequency gyro data being very accurate over short time intervals. Interlock angles relate the attitude and the camera coordinate systems and have been calibrated both pre-launch and in-flight. Initial interior orientation parameter values were determined by pre-launch measurements and later refined by in-flight calibration. In this paper, we shall first demonstrate the high accuracy of such calibrations based on test range data. Later, we shall quantify the geometric accuracy of the IKONOS camera using large IKONOS stereo image blocks with and without ground control, thus validating the exterior and the interior orientation calibrations. 1.
Underwater radiated noise from modern commercial ships (2012)

Underwater radiated noise measurements for seven types of modern commercial ships during normal operating conditions are presented. Calibrated acoustic data (<1000 Hz) from an autonomous seafloor-mounted acoustic recorder were combined with ship passage information from the Automatic Identification System. This approach allowed for detailed measurements (i.e., source level, sound exposure level, and transmission range) on ships of opportunity. A key result was different acoustic levels and spectral shapes observed from different ship-types. A 54 kGT container ship had the highest broadband source level at 188 dB re 1 μPa@1m; a 26 kGT chemical tanker had the lowest at 177 dB re 1 μPa@1m. Bulk carriers had higher source levels near 100 Hz, while container ship and tanker noise was predominantly below 40 Hz. Simple models to predict source levels of modern merchant ships as a group from particular ship characteristics (e.g., length, gross tonnage, and speed) were not possible given individual ship-type differences. Furthermore, ship noise was observed to radiate asymmetrically. Stern aspect noise levels are 5 to 10 dB higher than bow aspect noise levels. Collectively, these results emphasize the importance of including modern ship-types in quantifying shipping noise for predictive models of global, regional, and local marine environments.
Activation of the Human Complement System by Cholesterol-Rich and PEGylated Liposomes—Modulation of Cholesterol-Rich Liposome-Mediated Complement Activation by Elevated Serum LDL and HDL Levels (2006)

Intravenously infused liposomes may induce cardiopulmonary distress in some human subjects, which is a manifestation of "complement activation-related pseudoallergy." We have now examined liposome-mediated complement activation in human sera with elevated lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) levels, since abnormal or racial differences in serum lipid profiles seem to modulate the extent of complement activation and associated adverse responses. In accordance with our earlier observations, cholesterol-rich (45 mol% cholesterol) liposomes activated human complement, as reflected by a significant rise in serum level of S-protein-bound form of the terminal complex (SC5b-9). However, liposome-induced rise of SC5b-9 was significantly suppressed when serum HDL cholesterol levels increased by 30%. Increase of serum LDL to levels similar to that observed in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia also suppressed liposome-mediated SC5b-9 generation considerably. While intravenous injection of cholesterol-rich liposomes into pigs was associated with an immediate circulatory collapse, the drop in systemic arterial pressure following injection of liposomes preincubated with human lipoproteins was slow and extended. Therefore, surface-associated lipoprotein particles (or apolipoproteins) seem to lessen liposome-induced adverse haemodynamic changes, possibly as a consequence of suppressed complement activation in vivo. PEGylated liposomes were also capable of activating the human complement system, and the presence of surface projected methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) chains did not interfere with generation of C3 opsonic fragments. We also show that poly(ethylene glycol) is not responsible for PEGylated liposome-mediated complement activation. The net anionic charge on the phosphate moiety of the phospholipid-mPEG conjugate seemed to play a critical role in activation of both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system.
Discovering the world with fuzzy logic (2000)

Fuzzy Logic Approaches to Human-Consistent Systems: Toward aa Logic of Perceptions Based on Fuzzy Logic Uncertainty-Based Information: A Critical Review.- Structure of Truth Values: Triangular Norms - Basic Properties and Representation Theorems Semantic for Fuzzy Logic Supporting Truth Functionality States on Perfect MV-Algebras A Glance at Implication and T-Conditional Functions.- Metamathematical Aspects of Fuzzy Logic: On the Metamathematics of Fuzzy Logic Fuzzy Metalogic for Crisp Logics Degrees of Truth and Degrees of Validity.- Formal Systems of Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy Propositional Logic Some Consequences of Herbrand and McNaughton Theorems in Fuzzy Logic.- Fuzzy Quantifiers: Many On T-Quantifiers and S-Quantifiers.- Reasoning in Impreciseness: Reasoning on Imprecisely Defined Functions Similarity-Based Reasoning.- Relational Systems in Fuzzy Logic:Generalized Solvability Behaviour for Systems of Fuzzy Equations Fuzzy Points Fuzzy Relations and Fuzzy Functions.- Extensions and Departures from Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy Galois Connections and Fuzzy Concept Lattices A Unified Compilation Style Labelled Deductive System for Modal, Substructural and Fuzzy Logics.
Unified compensation control of a hybrid energy storage system for enhancing power quality and operation efficiency in a diesel and wind-turbine based stand-alone microgrid (2012)

An intermittent power of renewable sources such as wind turbine and photovoltaic system can damage power quality and operation efficiency of generator. Specially, in case of standalone microgrid such as island power system, this intermittent characteristic of renewable resource can lead to severe problems, such as frequency oscillation and power fluctuation. This frequency oscillation and power fluctuation can be a cause of system stability problem and operation efficiency drop. This paper presents unified compensation control strategy of a hybrid electric energy storage system in order to improve power quality and operating efficiency in a diesel and wind-turbine based stand-alone microgrid. This study addressed an AC hybrid energy storage system which was composed of lead acid battery storage and electric double layered capacitor, and presented a compensation control strategy with modified droop and wind power compensation for damping system frequency and power fluctuation. Usefulness of the proposed control algorithm is verified by experimental test results for system frequency, voltage, power fluctuation of the generator, and operation efficiency. Comparison tests with conventional compensation methods were performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
A 0.1–1.5 GHz 8-bit Inverter-Based Digital-to-Phase Converter Using Harmonic Rejection (2013)

This paper presents a digital-to-phase converter (DPC) with 8-bits of resolution and a wide frequency range for the input/output clocks. A harmonic rejection (HR) filter is introduced to improve linearity across a frequency range of 0.1-1.5 GHz. Instead of using time-domain averaging of phase interpolators (PI) in a conventional DPC, the frequency-domain filter directly cancels the 3rd- and 5th-order harmonics of the phase interpolated signal. The architecture is designed using an inverter-based PI circuit structure to improve power consumption and area. The inverter nonlinearity is improved using resistive averaging. The residual INL and DNL are further reduced by nonlinear weighting of the interpolation. Designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology, the DPC demonstrates a maximum INL and DNL of 1.33 and 0.52 LSB while consumes a power of 4.3 mW and occupies 0.06 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area.
Separomics applied to the proteomics and peptidomics of low-abundance proteins: choice of methods and challenges - a review (2012)

The enrichment and isolation of proteins are considered limiting steps in proteomic studies. Identification of proteins whose expression is transient, those that are of low-abundance, and of natural peptides not described in databases, is still a great challenge. Plant extracts are in general complex, and contaminants interfere with the identification of proteins involved in important physiological processes, such as plant defense against pathogens. This review discusses the challenges and strategies of separomics applied to the identification of low-abundance proteins and peptides in plants, especially in plants challenged by pathogens. Separomics is described as a group of methodological strategies for the separation of protein molecules for proteomics. Several tools have been used to remove highly abundant proteins from samples and also non-protein contaminants. The use of chromatographic techniques, the partition of the proteome into subproteomes, and an effort to isolate proteins in their native form have allowed the isolation and identification of rare proteins involved in different processes.
T–cell anergy and peripheral T–cell tolerance (2001)

The discovery that T-cell recognition of antigen can have distinct outcomes has advanced understanding of peripheral T-cell tolerance, and opened up new possibilities in immunotherapy. Anergy is one such outcome, and results from partial T-cell activation. This can arise either due to subtle alteration of the antigen, leading to a lower-affinity cognate interaction, or due to a lack of adequate co-stimulation. The signalling defects in anergic T cells are partially defined, and suggest that T-cell receptor (TCR) proximal, as well as downstream defects negatively regulate the anergic T cell's ability to be activated. Most importantly, the use of TCR-transgenic mice has provided compelling evidence that anergy is an in vivo phenomenon, and not merely an in vitro artefact. These findings raise the question as to whether anergic T cells have any biological function. Studies in rodents and in man suggest that anergic T cells acquire regulatory properties; the regulatory effects of anergic T cells require cell to cell contact, and appear to be mediated by inhibition of antigen-presenting cell immunogenicity. Close similarities exist between anergic T cells, and the recently defined CD4+ CD25+ population of spontaneously arising regulatory cells that serve to inhibit autoimmunity in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that a spectrum of regulatory T cells exists. At one end of the spectrum are cells, such as anergic and CD4+ CD25+ T cells, which regulate via cell-to-cell contact. At the other end of the spectrum are cells which secrete antiinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-beta. The challenge is to devise strategies that reliably induce T-cell anergy in vivo, as a means of inhibiting immunity to allo- and autoantigens.
Inhibition of intravascular platelet aggregation by endothelium-derived relaxing factor: reversal by red blood cells (1990)

Studies were performed to determine whether endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) can inhibit platelet aggregation within the vascular lumen, and if so, whether the inhibition persists in the presence of red blood cells (RBCs). Canine femoral arteries mounted in an organ bath were perfused with physiologic saline solution to which acetylsalicylic acid was added to block prostacyclin formation. During contraction with phenylephrine, addition of acetylcholine to the perfusing solution to evoke EDRF release relaxed the vessel wall. Washed human platelets labeled with 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine were added to the perfusing solution, and activated by thrombin infused via a branch vessel. The perfusate was collected downstream and centrifuged; the fraction of 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine appearing in the supernatant reflected the degree of platelet activation. Stimulation of EDRF release with acetylcholine inhibited 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine release. Hemoglobin (Hb) (10(-5) mol/L) blocked vascular relaxation and platelet- inhibition. RBCs at a hematocrit of 10% (treated with echothiophate to block erythrocyte cholinesterase) did not prevent relaxation but reversed the platelet inhibition. Lower hematocrits did not completely block the inhibition. Thus, erythrocyte Hb may modulate the inhibition of intraluminal platelet aggregation by EDRF.
A Study on Actual Conditions and Patterns of Sexual Harassment in the Korean Adolescents (2001)

The purpose of this study was to identify Korean adolescents' sexual harassment conditions and patterns in schools as well as their psychological reactions when they are under sexual harassments or they committed sexual harassments. The subjects were 475 middle and high schoolers in Pusan and Gyeong Sang Nam-Do. The survey was executed from July 1 through Dec. 31, 2000. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS WIN 8.0 using percentage, mean. The results of this study were as follows: 1. the linguistic sexual harassment such as 'lewd jokes or dirty talks' was the major pattern(35.4%), The body touching such as 'kiss or embracing', 'internet transmission of pornography', 'sexual harassing of body characteristics', touching breast', 'grasping of hands or body touching', 'body touching in secret place', 'urging to sit in touch or on knees', 'exposing of special body areas', and 'showing pornography' followed in a row. 2. The eighteen point three percents of subjects had the experience to commit sexual harassment. The forty four point seven percent of above subjects committed it against their classmates. The first time to commit sexual harassment was their middle school period (38.4%). Their motives to commit it were as under: 'killing time'(48.8%), 'annoying', 'attracting attention from the other sex', 'expressing lovely emotions', 'urging of their friends', 'misunderstanding that the other partners felt good when they experienced sexual harassment, 'showing their strength' etc. their with committing harassments they felt as under ; 'joyful'(61.6%), 'funny,' 'desirous to try again', 'thrilling', 'breaking stress', very pleasant', 'exciting', 'regretful', 'guilty', and 'feeling fear' etc. 3. Twenty four point two percents of the population exposed to sexual harassments. The sexual harassers were almost their classmates (42.7%). And then unknown people', 'boy or girl friends and school staffs' followed in a row. The places where harassments happened were 'inside classroom'(69.8%), 'school bus and subway', 'outside school', etc. The feelings when experienced harassments were 'anger' (51.3%), 'hurting self-respect', 'embarrassing', 'rejection', 'insulting', 'shame', 'fear', 'dislike', 'anxiety', 'melancholy' etc. The reasons not to have consultations after sexual harassments were 'worrying to be well-known'(49.6%), 'believing not helpful enough', 'regarding simple mischief', 'trying to revenge directly', 'understanding their mistakes', 'worrying retaliation' etc.
Improved contrast uniformity in twisted nematic liquid-crystal electro-optic display devices (1974)

It has already been shown that one source of the patched appearance in twisted nematic displays is reverse twist; we now demonstrate the existence of another. Both types of patches have been eliminated by the use of cholesteric additives in combination with particular types of surface alignment.
Personalized Education: Analog of Personalized Medicine? (2017)

Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal s an Open Access, peer reviewed, multidisciplinary international journal of Juniper publisher. PBSIJ main aim is to publish quality articles related to mind, behavioral changes, mental functions, social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors around the globe.