gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bonding pad models for silicon VLSI technologies and their effects on the noise figure of RF NPNs (2002)

VLSI technologies such as BiCMOS and high speed ECL Bipolar are candidates for mixed mode applications which include RF receiver functions. In order for these silicon technologies to achieve low noise characteristics one needs to optimize both the active device and the signal path to the IC interface. Studies in the bonding pad parasitics indicate that these path losses can be Very significant. This paper models the bonding pads and presents measured vs. modeled noise figure data for several bonding pad configurations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Vitro and in Vivo Variability in the Nutritional Compositions of Wheat Varieties (2002)

The present study involved in the determination of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) of 15 wheat varieties and their in vitro and in vivo nutritional characteristics. The determination of in vitro viscosity, NSP, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein and bushel weight were done for the samples of wheat varieties. There were significant differences between the samples of varieties in respect of these parameters. Especially, high correlations were estimated between the in vitro viscosity, NSP, ADF, NDF and bushel weight with regard to wheat varieties: For instance, the increased in vitro viscosity of 15 wheat varieties was associated with the increased ADF and NSP and the decreased bushel weight of wheat varieties. All the varieties were classified into 4 different groups according to their contents of NSP, bushel weight and in vitro viscosity. An animal digestibility trial was conducted with only one wheat variety from each of the four groups with broiler chickens from 14 d old to 42 d old. These varieties were Gun , Cakmak , Gerek 95 79 79 and Kundura . Animals fed with all diets based on wheat varieties consumed significantly higher feed than the 1149 animals fed with a control diet based on corn grain. Especially, Gun and Cakmak varieties caused to 95 79 increased feed intake compared with the other two varieties. All wheat based diets lead to significantly low weight gain, worsened feed conversion ratio, longer digestive tract and heavier digestive tract of animals in comparison with their counterpart of control diet. In addition, all wheat-based diets caused increased amount of abdominal fat and reduced carcass yield. On the other hand, there were some significant differences between the diets of wheat varieties in some of the above measured parameters. For instance, the lowest carcass yield was obtained from the Kundura , Gerek , Cakmak and Gun , respectively. Unlikely, the lowest abdominal 1149 79 79 95 fat was obtained from Gun , Cakmak , Gerek and Kundura , respectively. There were no significan t 95 79 79 1149 differences in the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein between the wheat varieties. The NSP digestibility at both 21d old age and 42 d old age were numerically found to be higher for Gun and Cakmak 95 79 varieties only. Some wheat varieties have a greater nutritional potential in both animal and human nutrition.
Design and precise realization of optimized current waveforms for an 8/6 switched reluctance drive (2002)

Optimized shaping of the stator current in the switched reluctance motor drive can be used to mitigate electromagnetic torque ripple and decrease the RMS current. Previously, optimal current waveshaping has been based upon defining the optimal current waveform as a set of discrete points and interpolating intermediate points. In this work, an alternate approach is employed in which the current waveform is treated as a set of harmonic coefficients, rather than as an array of discrete values. This has advantages in terms of computation speed and in programming of the microcontroller. A second feature of this new method is that it incorporates a multiple reference frame estimator/regulator that ensures each harmonic of the current converges to its commanded value thereby avoiding the degradation in performance associated with imperfect tracking that other methods are susceptible to. The experimental and simulated results demonstrate the optimality of the waveforms and the importance of the multiple reference frame estimator/regulator, particularly in mitigating torque ripple.
Multi-wavelength, optical code-division-multiplexing based on passive, linear, unitary, filters (2002)

The opportunity exists to apply spread spectrum concepts into the enormous bandwidth of optical fibers. We introduce a new optical CDMA network architecture based on passive linear unitary filtering of the optical carrier signals.
The Bolsheviks Advance (February 1917–October 1917) (1979)

The February Revolution, much predicted and long awaited, came as a surprise to the outside world. Strikes and demonstrations by workers suddenly could no longer be contained by the police in the capital; mutinies broke out in many of the city's garrisons. The emperor's first reaction was to disperse the Duma in the hope that this would somehow assist the task of suppressing the unrest in the streets; but shortly he was compelled to recognise the irretrievability of his position and to abdicate, leaving a vacuum of power which an unofficial committee of the prorogued Duma moved to occupy. Further negotiations led to the formation of a Provisional Government, headed by Prince G. E. Lvov and composed mostly of liberal politicians who had made their name either in the Duma itself or in the voluntary public organisations born in the First World War.KeywordsRegional CommitteeCentral CommitteeConditional SupportParty CommitteeMilitary OrganisationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Extracting Software Product Lines: A Case Study Using Conditional Compilation (2011)

Software Product Line (SPL) is a development paradigm that targets the creation of variable software systems. Despite the increasing interest in product lines, research in the area usually relies on small systems implemented in the laboratories of the authors involved in the investigative work. This characteristic hampers broader conclusions about industry-strength product lines. Therefore, in order to address the unavailability of public and realistic product lines, this paper describes an experiment involving the extraction of a SPL for ArgoUML, an open source tool widely used for designing systems in UML. Using conditional compilation we have extracted eight complex and relevant features from ArgoUML, resulting in a product line called ArgoUML-SPL. By making the extracted SPL publicly available, we hope it can be used to evaluate the various flavors of techniques, tools, and languages that have been proposed to implement product lines. Moreover, we have characterized the implementation of the features considered in our experiment relying on a set of product-line specific metrics. Using the results of this characterization, it was possible to shed light on the major challenges involved in extracting features from real-world systems.
Analysis of Heartbeat Dynamics by Point Process Adaptive Filtering (2005)

Heartbeats are a point process yet, most of the current analysis methods do not model this important characteristic of these data. We describe human heartbeat time series as a history dependent inverse Gaussian model. We present a point process adaptive filter algorithm to estimate the model's time-varying parameters, and use it to compute new measures of heart rate variability. We apply our algorithm to analyze simulated heartbeat data and actual heartbeat data from a tilt table experiment and from healthy subjects and subjects with congestive heart failure during sleep. Our results suggest a new approach for characterizing heartbeat dynamics.
Phosphorylation of ATP-Citrate Lyase by Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (1995)

Rat liver nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) and PC12 cell cytosol were used to determine whether NDPK could function as a protein kinase. NDPK was phosphorylated on its catalytic histidine using [gamma-32P]ATP, and the phosphorylated NDPK separated from [gamma-32P]ATP. The addition of phosphorylated NDPK to dialyzed PC12 cell cytosol resulted in the phosphorylation of a protein with a subunit molecular mass of about 120 kDa. This phosphorylation appeared to occur by a direct transfer of a phosphoryl group from the catalytic histidine of NDPK to a histidine on the 120-kDa protein. The 120-kDa protein was partially purified and shown by peptide sequencing to be ATP-citrate lyase. ATP-citrate lyase is the primary source of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. NDPK phosphorylated the histidine at the catalytic site of ATP-citrate lyase. This histidine can also be phosphorylated by ATP, and its phosphorylation is the first step in the conversion of citrate and CoA to oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA by ATP-citrate lyase. The level of phosphorylation of PC12 cell ATP-citrate lyase by phosphorylated NDPK was comparable with that by ATP. Thus, in addition to its nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, NDPK can function as a protein kinase.
A New Restriction Endonuclease from <i>Acetobacter pasteurianus</i> (<i>Apa</i>Ll) (1985)

Journal Article A New Restriction Endonuclease from Acetobacter pasteurianus (ApaLl) Get access Yuzo Yamada, Yuzo Yamada Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422, Japan To whom reprint requests should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Makoto Murakami Makoto Murakami Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 12, 1 December 1985, Pages 3627–3629, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867321 Published: 01 December 1985 Article history Received: 18 June 1985 Published: 01 December 1985
Human Engineered Heart Tissue: Analysis of Contractile Force (2016)

Analyzing contractile force, the most important and best understood function of cardiomyocytes in vivo is not established in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). This study describes the generation of 3D, strip-format, force-generating engineered heart tissues (EHT) from hiPSC-CM and their physiological and pharmacological properties. CM were differentiated from hiPSC by a growth factor-based three-stage protocol. EHTs were generated and analyzed histologically and functionally. HiPSC-CM in EHTs showed well-developed sarcomeric organization and alignment, and frequent mitochondria. Systematic contractility analysis (26 concentration-response curves) reveals that EHTs replicated canonical response to physiological and pharmacological regulators of inotropy, membrane- and calcium-clock mediators of pacemaking, modulators of ion-channel currents, and proarrhythmic compounds with unprecedented precision. The analysis demonstrates a high degree of similarity between hiPSC-CM in EHT format and native human heart tissue, indicating that human EHTs are useful for preclinical drug testing and disease modeling.
The ultrastructure of the bone‐hydroxyapatite interface <i>in vitro</i> (1992)

Rat bone marrow cells were cultured on plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA). The cells formed a mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) that exhibited several characteristics of bone tissue. The interface between this mineralized ECM and the HA was studied at the ultrastructural level with scanning and transmission electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. Initially, the deposition of a globular, afibrillar matrix was observed on HA. This was followed by the integration of collagen fibers in this matrix and their subsequent mineralization. At the bone-HA interface two distinctly different interfacial structures were observed. An electron-dense layer with a thickness of 20-60 nm was regularly present, which contained both organic and inorganic material and was rich in glycosaminoglycans. The interfaces differed however, in the presence or absence of an amorphous zone which was free of collagen fibers and had an average thickness of 0.7-0.8 microns. It was frequently seen interposed between the electron-dense layer and the hydroxyapatite. Similar interfacial structures have also been described in the in vivo environment, where they were referred to as lamina limitans-like or cement linelike. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the described in vitro system is a suitable model to study bone-biomaterial interactions.
Pen Gestures Based Mathematics Editing to an ITS on Algebraic Calculation (2009)

We had developed an prototype of pen gestures based mathematics editing which is applied to an ITS guiding algebraic calculation. Pen gestures enable students edit expressions (such as select, erase, overwrite, move and paste) directly with a pen instead of keyboard and mouse. Mathematics editing includes symbol editing and sub expression editing. Evaluation experiment results show that students think that pen gestures provide a natural and convenient expression editing environment on their algebraic learning.
Effects of Rhubarb Compound of on Adipocyte Leptin and C/ EBP #alpha# Expression in Obese Rats (2003)

To elucidate the changes of leptin expression in obese fats and regulatlon of CEBP #alpha# on leptin expression 1 month after oral administration of complex prescription of rhubarb. Obese rats were treated with different dosage(20 mg，40mg,120mg/100g B .W/ d) for a month .Immunohistological(ABC) method and Western Blot analysis of leptin in celiac adipocytes were performed .RT/ PCR technique was used to quantitate the levels of CEBP #alpha# mRNA expression in adipocytes. After oral administration for a month，the weight loss effect appeared and the Lee' s index decreased dramatically in obse rats .The expression of leptin in adipocytes lowered .The expression of CEBP #alpha# mRNA in adipocytes of obese rats was stronger than that in the control group .With the treatment of complex precresption of rhubarb, the expression of CEBP #alpha# mRNA lowered.There was a positive relationship between CEBP #alpha# mRNA expression and leptin expression . High expression of leptin and C EBP #alpha# mRNA appears in adipocytes of obese rats.After oral administration of complex prescresption of rhubarb, the levels of leptin and C EBP #alpha# expression declines .There is a close relationship between them .It indicates that the increase of leptin expression in adipocytes is regulated by C EBP #alpha# to some extent in obese rats.
Osteoclasts express high levels of pp60c-src in association with intracellular membranes. (1992)

Deletion of the c-src gene in transgenic mice by homologous recombination leads to osteopetrosis, a skeletal defect characterized by markedly deficient bone resorption (Soriano, P., C. Montgomery, R. Geske, and A. Bradley. 1991. Cell. 64:693-702), demonstrating a critical functional role of pp60c-src in osteoclast activity. Since decreased bone resorption could result from a defect either within the osteoclast or within other cells present in its environment, indirectly affecting osteoclast functions, we determined which cell(s) in bone expressed high levels of pp60c-src Measuring pp60c-src protein and kinase activities in osteoclasts and immunolocalizing pp60c-src in bone, we find that expression of pp60c-src is nearly as high in osteoclasts as in brain and platelets. In contrast, other bone cells contain only very low levels of the protein. In addition, expression of the c-src gene product increases when bone marrow cells are induced to express an osteoclast-like phenotype by 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, further suggesting that high expression of pp60c-src is part of the osteoclast phenotype. Three other src-like kinases, c-fyn, c-yes, and c-lyn, are also expressed in osteoclasts at ratios to pp60c-src similar to what is found in platelets. These src-related proteins do not, however, compensate for the absence of pp60c-src in the src- mice, thereby suggesting that pp60c-src may have a specific function in osteoclasts. Although further work is necessary to elucidate what the critical role of pp60c-src in osteoclasts is, our observation that the protein is associated mostly with the membranes of intracellular organelles suggests the possibility that this role might be at least in part related to the targeting or fusion of membrane vesicles.
Epithelial autotoxicity of nitric oxide: role in the respiratory cytopathology of pertussis. (1994)

Bordetella pertussis releases a specific peptidoglycan fragment known as tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) that reproduces the respiratory epithelial cytopathology of whooping cough (pertussis). In vitro, TCT inhibits DNA synthesis in hamster trachea epithelial cells and causes specific destruction of ciliated cells in explants of human and hamster respiratory epithelium. We have recently demonstrated that TCT triggers production of intracellular interleukin 1 by respiratory epithelial cells, and this cytokine may act as an intermediate signal in the generation of TCT toxicity. Here we report the identification of a subsequent critical step in this pathway: induction of nitric oxide synthesis in the respiratory epithelium. The toxic effects of nitric oxide are consistent with spectroscopic evidence of the formation of iron-dinitrosyl-dithiolate complexes in TCT-treated cells. Aconitase, with its iron-sulfur center, is one expected target of nitric oxide, and TCT inhibited 80% of the activity of this enzyme in respiratory epithelial cells. The deleterious effects of TCT and interleukin 1 were dramatically attenuated by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and aminoguanidine. These results indicate that nitric oxide mediates the toxicity of TCT for the respiratory epithelium, thus implicating a central role for nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of pertussis.
Characterization of the viral population during primary HIV-1 infection (1998)

The viral population is seldom completely homogeneous during primary HIV-1 infection, although the heterogeneity is restricted in most, but not all, patients. These individual differences do not seem to be due to sex or viral subtype. Rapid changes of the virus population may occur during primary HIV-1 infection. The DNA species detected in PBMC do not only represent earlier viral quasispecies but are also a potential source of future viral RNA species.
Investigation of GaN crystal quality on silicon substrates using GaN/AlN superlattice structures (2007)

Abstract The crystal quality of GaN thin film on silicon using GaN/AlN superlattice structures was investigated. The growth was carried out on Si(111) for GaN(0001) in a metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy system. Various GaN/AlN superlattice intermediate layers have been designed to decrease the dislocation density. The results showed that the etch pit density could be greatly reduced by one order of magnitude. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) study confirmed the efficiency of GaN/AlN superlattice in blocking threading dislocation propagation in GaN crystal. The design of nine period GaN/AlN (20nm/2nm) superlattice has been evidenced to be effective in reducing the dislocation density and improving the crystal quality. In addition, the dislocation bending in GaN/AlN interface and dislocation merging is investigated. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrated chaos generators (2002)

This paper surveys the different design issues, from mathematical model to silicon, involved in the design of analog CMOS integrated circuits for the generation of chaotic behavior.
Chemical Synthesis, 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitory Activity and Assessment of In Vitro and In Vivo Estrogenic Activities of Estradiol Derivatives (2008)

17 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17 -HSD1) was chosen as a key steroidogenic target enzyme to reduce the formation of estradiol (E2), which is the most potent estrogen. This article completes a previous study by synthesizing and testing 16 -methylene derivatives (Br, Cl and OH) of E2 in order to generate new structure-activity relationships. This study also investigates a series of 2-methoxy (MeO) derivatives synthesized as non-estrogenic inhibitors of 17 -HSD1. The 2-MeO-E 2 derivatives (16 -CH 2 Br, 16 -CH 2 OH and 16 -(CH 2 ) 3 Br) are all less potent inhibitors (IC 50 = 5.91, 3.80 and 5.80 M) than analogues without the 2-MeO group (IC 50 = 1.20, 1.27 and 0.99 M, respectively) for the reduction of estrone into E2 by 17 -HSD1 overexpressed in HEK-293 cells. Except for one compound, these E2 derivatives have shown an estrogenic-like effect on estrogen-sensitive T-47D cells at 1 M. A cytotoxic effect was also obtained at higher concentrations for two compounds tested on T-47D cells. However, no estrogenic-like effect was observed in the estrogen-sensitive tissues (uterus and vagina) of the ovariectomized mouse model for 2-MeO-16 -bromopropyl-E 2 .
Restriking Hot Metal Vapor Lamps—Lamp Characteristic and Circuit Requirements (1975)

The authors summarize the result of an effort over the last few years to achieve a practical circuit for restriking hot high-intensity discharge lamps. Work to date has been successful in terms of understanding the restriking process and the ballast requirements necessary to achieve it.
Shape as a Perturbation to Projective Mapping (1995)

In the classical computer-graphics approach to three-dimensional rendering, a scene is described in terms of its geometry and surface properties. Given this representation, the rendering task can be thought of as a physical simulation problem. Recently, there has been an increased interest in alternate rendering paradigms, most of which fall into a category
Identification of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Ribosomal Protein L25 by the Phage Surface Display Method and Evaluation of the Protein's Value for Serodiagnosis (2006)

The phage surface display technique was used to identify Borrelia burgdorferi antigens. By affinity selection with immunoglobulin G from pooled sera of six Lyme borreliosis (LB) patients, the ribosomal protein L25 was identified. The diagnostic value of L25 was investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using sera from 80 LB patients and 75 controls, and the use of the protein resulted in a specificity of 99% and a 23% sensitivity, which qualify L25 as a useful antigen when combined with others.
A Fast Method for Recycling Fly Ash:  Microwave-Assisted Zeolite Synthesis (1997)

Zeolitic material was synthesized from fly ash by conventional and microwave-assisted hydrothermal alkaline activation experiments. The zeolite synthesis was studied as a function of temperature, time, and activation solution concentration. K+-Na+/NH4+ exchange properties of the zeolitic material synthesized were studied as a function of time and zeolite type. The zeolitic material synthesized from the same fly ash by changing the synthesis parameters contained: NaP1, hydroxysodalite, hydroxycancrinite, analcime, tobermorite, and nepheline hydrate using NaOH as an activation agent and F linde zeolite, kalsilite, and phil lipsite-KM zeolite from KOH activation. Synthesis yields and zeolite types obtained from the microwave and conventional experiments were very similar, but the activation time needed was drastically reduced by using microwaves (from 24−48 h to 30 min). Consequently, the industrial application of the synthesis process is enhanced by the microwave-assisted method. From this point of view, the most interesting zeolites synthesized are NaP1, KM-phillipsite, and F linde zeolites since the NH4+ retention capacities obtained for the activation products were close to 20 and 30 mg of NH4+ g-1. The experiments performed also showed that high NH4+ retention capacities are attained after a few minutes of equilibrium with NH4+-rich solutions.