gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next-Generation Sequencing for Lung Cancer (2013)

Lung cancer is biologically aggressive and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The development of lung cancer is unique in each patient according to clinical characterizations, prognosis, response and tolerance to treatment. Traditional capillary-based single-gene sequencing by a first-generation technique (known as Sanger sequencing) has been replaced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) since it allows massive parallel sequencing with lower cost and higher throughput. The NGS approach has made remarkable advances compared with traditional methods. We expect these methodologies to comprehensively interpret the global landscape of cancer and provide more information to fulfill the needs of personalized medicine. This review covers a brief introduction and summary on various NGS technologies, applications and important findings by NGS in lung cancer advances, including further discoveries in previously known target genes (EGFR, ALK and KRAS), the identification of additional lung cancer mutations and the global coordination of cancer genome studies.
Supercritical coal fired power plants : a technology being successfully deployed in developing countries (1999)

This paper reviews the major technical and performance aspects of a coal fired plan using the supercritical technology. These include the turbine-generator set, the once-through boiler, and operational issues such as load change, fuel flexibility, and water. Reviewing the possibilities for the design and manufacture of components for supercritical-fired plants in developing countries, the paper notes that the differences between sub critical and supercritical power plants are limited to a relatively small number of components; primarily the feedwater pumps and the high pressure feedwater train equipment. All of the remaining components, common both types of plants, can be manufactured in developing countries. The paper concludes with a review of the Schwarze Pumpe - the world's largest supercritical lignite fired steam power plant.
First experimental sutureless end-to-end laser anastomosis of the large bowel (1992)

Completely sutureless end-to-end large bowel anastomoses were successfully created in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 26) by using a low-energy (0.4-W wave of power) Nd:YAG laser to produce welded anastomoses. In this study, the short-term integrity, degree of narrowing, macroscopic appearance, and microscopic findings were compared with those of the conventional interrupted one-layer anastomosis (n = 24) at zero, one, four, and seven days after surgery. Two rabbits in the laser group died from leakage. All remaining animals had an uneventful postoperative course. The bursting pressures in the laser group at zero, one, and four days were lower than those in the control group. The narrowing index of the laser anastomosis was higher than that of the suture anastomosis at four and seven days. However, the laser anastomoses showed fewer adhesions, no instances of bowel obstruction, and histologic healing with less fibrosis. The technique of laser anastomosis presents a promising alternative to suturing in reconstitution of the large bowel.
ChemInform Abstract: (p‐Dimethylaminophenyl)diphenylphosphine: A More Practical Phosphine in the Mitsunobu Reaction. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition (2021)

This chapter discusses cancer metabolism and nutrition at the cellular level in order to elucidate the potential role of nutrients in tumor cell growth and metastasis. The risk of cancer increases with age as the result of a number of factors and at a cellular level oxidant stress, DNA damage, and senescence promote tumor metastasis. One primary factor is increased production of reactive oxygen species produced in the course of normal metabolism during aging by mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species can damage cells at the DNA, RNA, and protein level and work in concert with chronic inflammation to increase cancer risk. At the cellular level, the genetic changes that occur in cancer cells can transform normal metabolic pathways in ways that benefit the growth of cancer cells and also utilize substrates by adopting perturbed normal metabolic pathways in ways that promote tumor growth through the increased production of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In considering the impact of host nutrition on cancer prevention and treatment, it is important to appreciate the metabolic resilience and special adaptations of cancer cells when considering nutritional approaches as either preventive or adjunctive to cancer treatment.
Reactivity and Mechanism in the Hydrolysis of β-Sultams (2000)

β-Sultams show extraordinary rate enhancements of 109- and 107-fold, respectively, compared with the acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of corresponding acyclic sulfonamides. They are about 103-fold more reactive than analogous β-lactams. The alkaline hydrolysis of some β-sultams shows a rate term that is second-order in hydroxide ion concentration, which is indicative of a stepwise mechanism involving a trigonal bipyramidal intermediate (TBPI). The Brønsted βlg value for the alkaline hydrolysis of N-aryl-β-sultams is −0.58 and the kinetic solvent isotope effect / is 0.60, compatible with rate-limiting formation of the TBPI. Conversely, / for N-alkyl-β-sultams is 1.55, indicative of rate-limiting breakdown of the TBPI. The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of β-sultams is strongly retarded by electron-withdrawing groups α to the sulfonyl group, and it is suggested that the mechanism may involve unimolecular ring opening to generate a sulfonylium ion. The Brønsted βlg value for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-benzyl-β-sultams is 0.32. The general-acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-benzyl-β-sultam by carboxylic acids shows a Brønsted α value of 0.67 and is attributed to a specific acid−nucleophilic mechanism with the formation of a mixed-anhydride intermediate.
A new medical school for Australia (1998)

This item discusses the establishment of the Graduate School of Integrative Medicine at Swinburne University of Technology. The School will be active in educating doctors, doing research and in promoting health in the community. It will strive to develop the general acceptance of non-drug medicine through its teaching and research. It is envisaged that this new school will enhance the practice of integrative medicine in Australia and elsewhere. (non-author abstract)
Conjugating Phosphospermines to siRNAs for Improved Stability in Serum, Intracellular Delivery and RNAi-Mediated Gene Silencing (2012)

siRNAs are usually formulated with cationic polymers or lipids to form supramolecular particles capable of binding and crossing the negatively charged cell membrane. However, particles hardly diffuse through tissues when administered in vivo. We therefore are developing cationic siRNAs, composed of an antisense sequence annealed to an oligophosphospermine-conjugated sense strand. Cationic siRNAs have been previously shown to display gene silencing activity in human cell line (Nothisen et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2009). We have improved the synthesis, purification and characterization of oligospermine-oligoribonucleotide conjugates which provide cationic siRNAs with enhanced biological activity. We show data supporting their carrier-free intracellular delivery in a molecular, soluble state. Additional results on the relationship between global charge, uptake and silencing activity confirm the requirement for an overall positive charge of the conjugated siRNA in order to enter cells. Importantly, conjugated siRNAs made of natural phosphodiester nucleotides are protected from nuclease degradation by the oligophosphospermine moiety, operate through the RNAi mechanism and mediate specific gene silencing at submicromolar concentration in the presence of serum.
<title>Large-area high-resolution thermal neutron imaging detectors</title> (1995)

We have developed a high resolution thermal neutron imaging detector, combining a composite solid neutron convertor and a low-pressure gaseous avalanche electron multiplier. Neutron-induced charged particles from a primary convertor element induce multiple low- energy secondary electrons from a second electron-emissive film. These are multiplied in the gas upon their emission. A localization resolution of the order of 0.5 mm (FWHM) was measured with detectors equipped with Gd and Li convertors coated with thin CsI films. These detectors are characterized by good imaging properties (also in divergent neutron beams), fast time resolution, low sensitivity to gamma background, and the capability of operating at very high neutron flux. Possible applications are discussed.
Isolation and partial characterization of an antigen-specific T-cell factor associated with the suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity. (1981)

Antigen-specific factors associated with immunosuppressive activity, released by cultured T cells from mice tolerant to the haptens trinitrophenyl, dinitrophenyl and oxazolone, were purified by hapten affinity chromatography. Their binding specificity for antigens paralleled their immunoregulatory activity. Like some immunoglobulin molecules, these factors had blocked NH2 termini and could be bound to Fc-like receptors on macrophages. However, neither immunoglobulin constant region determinants (isotypes) nor antigens encoded by the major histocompatibility complex were detected on the suppressive factors. The purified factors occurred as 68,000-dalton proteins and non-covalently linked dimers. No associated immunoglobulin light chain molecules were detected. The factors showed a marked propensity toward degradation with major breakdown products of 45,000-50,000 and 25,000-30,000 daltons. These results suggest that these molecules are the T-cell products analogous to B-cell immunoglobulin (equivalent to heavy chains) and that they may be the antigen-specific components which act in conjunction with major histocompatibility-controlled gene products to perform antigen-specific suppression.
Domain 4 of ILY sensitizes antibody therapy on cancer and HIV through abrogating human CD59 function (2008)

CD59 inhibits assembly of membrane attack complex via binding to C8 and C9. Complement is critical for cancer antibody therapy such as complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). CD59 is highly expressed in many kinds of cancer cells and HIV that harvests CD59 from infected cells to escape antibody‐mediated response. CD59 appears to be the most effective among complement regulators in protecting from CDC. Extensive studies indicate that expression of CD59 results in lymphoma resistance to rituximab and HIV to antibody‐mediated immune response. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a molecule capable of abrogating CD59 function. Intermedilysin (ILY), a cytotoxin secreted by Streptococcus intermedius, lyses only human cells due to its receptor specificity for human CD59 (hCD59) via its domain 4 (ILYd4). ILYd4 binds to AA42‐58 in hCD59, which also participates in the binding to C8 and C9. Thus, we hypothesize that truncated ILYd4 may abrogate hCD59 function to facilitate CDC effect on cancer and HIV. Indeed, ILYd4 (IC50 = 33 nM ex vivo and effective dose = 2.5 microgram/g body weight in vivo) sensitized a Rituximab‐resistance B lymphoma cells to Rituximab treatment without off target toxicity effects, and sensitized HIV to complement‐mediated virolysis activated by HIV patient's antibody. Therefore, ILYd4 may represent an innovative molecule for cancer and HIV immunotherapy.
Self-Organizing Wireless Sensor Networks For Inter-Vehicle Communication (2006)

Now a day, one of the most attractive research topics in the area of Intelligent Traffic Control is Inter-vehicle communication (V2V communication). In V2V communication, a vehicle can communicate to its neighbouring vehicles even in the absence of a central Base Station. The concept of this direct communication is to send vehicle safety messages one-to-one or one-to- many vehicles via wireless connection. Such messages are usually short in length and have very short lifetime in which they must reach the destination. The Inter-vehicle communication system is an ad-hoc network with high mobility and changing number of nodes, where mobile nodes dynamically create temporary sensor networks and transferring messages from one network to others by using multiple hops due to limitation of short range. The goal of the project is to investigate some basic research questions in order to organize such sensor networks and at the same time highlight the appropriate routing protocol that support mobile ad hoc networks in an efficient and reliable manner. In our investigation, we have answered the technical issues in order to construct a V2V communication system. We have also studied some mobile ad hoc network routing protocols in detail and then selected the DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) for our V2V communication and then simulated it according to our system requirements. We are quite satisfied by the result of DSR, but at the same time much more work is required to come up with an absolute application for the end user.
Electrochemical Properties of Zr&ndash;V&ndash;Ni System Hydrogen-Absorbing Alloys of Face-Centered Cubic Structure (1990)

The alloy composition dependence of the electrochemical properties was investigated in the Zr–V–Ni hydrogen-absorbing alloys for the development of nickel-hydride secondary batteries. Thus, for the Zr(V1−xNix)2, (0.1≤x≤1.0) and Zr(V0.33Ni0.67)2+α, (0≤α≤1) system alloys, charged hydrogen contents by electrolysis, discharge characteristics and changes in the partial molar enthalpy and entropy with hydrogenation were investigated in an alkaline electrolyte. It was found that the Zr(V0.33Ni0.67)2+α, (0≤α≤1) system alloys which consist of a single phase of the f.c.c. structure exhibit large discharged hydrogen capacities, especially at α=0.4. By increasing α, their polarization characteristics were improved and the partial molar enthalpy of hydrogen in the metals considerably increased. Furthermore, from the values of the charged hydrogen contents and the results of the X-ray investigations, it was found that hydrogen mainly occupies the Zr2V1Ni1, tetrahedral lattice interstitials for the Zr(V0.33Ni0.67)2+α alloys. The increase in the partial molar enthalpy of hydrogen in the metals and the improvement in the polarization characteristics by an excess of V and Ni could be understood from the lattice contract effect of the host metals.
‘Neonatal’ Nav1.2 reduces neuronal excitability and affects seizure susceptibility and behaviour (2014)

Developmentally regulated alternative splicing produces 'neonatal' and 'adult' isoforms of four Na(+) channels in human brain, NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3 and NaV1.6. Heterologously expressed 'neonatal' NaV1.2 channels are less excitable than 'adult' channels; however, functional importance of this difference is unknown. We hypothesized that the 'neonatal' NaV1.2 may reduce neuronal excitability and have a seizure-protective role during early brain development. To test this hypothesis, we generated NaV1.2(adult) mice expressing only the 'adult' NaV1.2, and compared the firing properties of pyramidal cortical neurons, as well as seizure susceptibility, between the NaV1.2(adult) and wild-type (WT) mice at postnatal day 3 (P3), when the 'neonatal' isoform represents 65% of the WT NaV1.2. We show significant increases in action potential firing in NaV1.2(adult) neurons and in seizure susceptibility of NaV1.2(adult) mice, supporting our hypothesis. At postnatal day 15 (P15), when 17% of the WT NaV1.2 is 'neonatal', the firing properties of NaV1.2(adult) and WT neurons converged. However, inhibitory postsynaptic currents in NaV1.2(adult) neurons were larger and the expression level of Scn2a mRNA was 24% lower compared with the WT. The enhanced seizure susceptibility of the NaV1.2(adult) mice persisted into adult age. The adult NaV1.2(adult) mice also exhibited greater risk-taking behaviour. Overall, our data reveal a significant impact of 'neonatal' NaV1.2 on neuronal excitability, seizure susceptibility and behaviour and may contribute to our understanding of NaV1.2 roles in health and diseases such as epilepsy and autism.
Albumin quantitation by dye binding and salt fractionation techniques. (1972)

Two dye-binding reagents, 2-(4'-hydroxybenzeneazo)benzoic acid (HABA) and bromcresol green (BCG), for the quantitation of serum albumin have been compared with the biuret colorimetric procedure after salt fractionation. The linear regression equations for the biuret-BCG and the biuret-HABA comparisons were y = 0.43 + 0.91 x and y = -0.45 + 1.15 x , respectively. Their corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.93 and 0.83, respectively. The effects of icterus, lipemia, and hemolysis on the dye-binding procedures were generally greater in the case of the HABA procedure. A comparison of results with BCG and HABA for 20 sera having A/G ratios of less than 1, indicates them to be equally reliable.
Segmenting and Understanding Publics in a Social Media Information Sharing Network: An Interactional and Dynamic Approach (2017)

This study segments social media publics and analyzes their informational behaviors during organizational crises. With a public-centric perspective, our study highlights how social media publics interact with each other (i.e., interdependence) and share different information through crisis stages (i.e., dynamics). Following the situational approach to segmentation, we identify different types of social media publics (i.e., influentials, broadcasters, and followers) based on their informational behaviors and their positions in an information sharing network. Crisis managers are recommended to pay more attention to publics with higher influence, namely key influentials and broadcasters. In addition, we try to understand social media publics’ changing concerns by analyzing whether and how publics share messages of different themes and forms in different stages of a crisis. Crisis managers are recommended to customize crisis communication content to fit publics’ needs, prioritize organizational resources, and maximize positive communication effect. With big data from Chipotle’s E. coli crisis, we analyzed the Twitter activities surrounding this crisis over a 6-month period. Our segmentation receives initial support from the network analysis and content analysis on the Twitter data, which lays the foundation for effective social media crisis management.
[Colonel Gaddafi]. 22 February 2011 (2011)

Caricature of Colonel Gaddafi of Libya taking a casual stance as he holds under his arm a Libyan flag in the shape of the country that has a sputtering wick attached to it and cocking a machine gun. A second version has the red part of the flag running as though it is blood. Context - Libya is the latest in a string of Middle Eastern dictatorship-ruled countries in which there has been a very strong popular uprising. Colonel Gaddafi has retaliated savagely against his own people. 
Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
Methylene blue mediated laser therapy of maxillary sinusitis (2006)

The purpose of the present work is a clinical study of photodynamic therapy of maxillary sinusitis. 0.1%-Methylene Blue aqueous solution in combination with He-Ne laser irradiation (632.8 nm) have been used for treatment of maxillary sinus mucous of patients with acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis. The differences between the results of the treatment with dye and light versus treatment with a drug for every group of patients were statistically analyzed by Student’s t test. The efficacy of the photodynamic therapy was estimated with the use of the following criteria: the state of respiration, olfaction, duration of purulent discharge, reconstruction of transport function of ciliary epithelium, etc. The obtained results have shown that the photodynamic therapy is effective in comparison with conservative methods of treatment of the disease.
<p>Reevaluation of the Efficacy of First Line Regimen for <em>Helicobacter pylori</em></p> (2020)

In conclusion, our study shows significantly lower eradication rates with Levofloxacin triple therapy among a selected US population. Thus, it may not be a good first-line therapy among this US population and the Clarithromycin based regimen may still be used successfully.
XREF coupling: capacitive coupling error checker (2002)

Capacitive coupling among critical nodes in a CMOS VLSI circuit can cause disastrous effects on the logical operation of the circuit. At present, the only simulation method that can accurately detect global capacitive coupling errors is the classical circuit simulation, which, due to its limited capacity, is not practical to apply to the entire design. A pattern-independent circuit verification tool, XREF, is presented which can detect and report all possible failures in a design due to capacitive coupling effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Allowing user-specified failure handling in web services composition (2008)

Recently, the advent of Web services gets rid of the troubles in cooperating with other systems regardless of their underlying platforms. Web services can be composed dynamically on demand and possibly produce value-added services which are mesmerizing enterprises. For dependable execution of the composite services, many failure handling and recovery schemes have been proposed. However, those schemes lack in supporting specific handling of failures as an individual user desires.
α-fetoprotein-producing hepatoma cell lines share common expression profiles of genes in various categories demonstrated by cDNA microarray analysis (2001)

Liver carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving various genetic alterations. cDNA microarray containing 1,080 elements (930 unique genes) was used to comprehensively analyze the genetic alterations in hepatoma cell lines, and clustering analysis was used to analyze the relatedness of the gene-expression profiles. Among 7 hepatoma cell lines analyzed, 5-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5, and Huh6) were shown to have common gene-expression profiles compared with those of AFP-negative hepatoma cell lines (HLE and SK-Hep1) and cancer cell lines of nonhepatocyte origin (HeLa and KMBC). Furthermore, HepG2, Huh7, and Hep3B had higher expressions of AFP and shared a common gene-expression profile even when compared with other AFP-producing cells. Analysis of the genes with a common expression profile among these 3 AFP-positive cells revealed 254 genes across various categories. We found that 18 of these genes consistently showed altered levels of expression (more than 3-fold changes) in the 3 AFP-producing hepatoma cell lines (11 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated). In these 18 genes, 5 genes, including that for AFP, were previously reported to be involved in HCC and 6 genes involved only in other types of cancer. Our study showed that AFP-producing hepatoma cell lines shared a distinct expression profile of genes in various categories. An understanding of a causal relationship of this particular expression profile of genes to AFP-positive and AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may contribute to more rational therapy in future.