gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRECLINICAL STUDY: Ghrelin administration into tegmental areas stimulates locomotor activity and increases extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (2006)

Ghrelin stimulates appetite, increases food intake and causes adiposity by mechanisms that include direct actions on the brain. Previously, we showed that intracerebroventricular administration of ghrelin has stimulatory and dopamine-enhancing properties. These effects of ghrelin are mediated via central nicotine receptors, suggesting that ghrelin can activate the acetylcholine-dopamine reward link. This reward link consists of cholinergic input from the laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg) to the mesolimbic dopamine system that originates in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projects to the nucleus accumbens. Given that growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHSR-1A) are expressed in the VTA and LDTg, brain areas involved in reward, the present series of experiments were undertaken to examine the hypothesis that these regions may mediate the stimulatory and dopamine-enhancing effects of ghrelin, by means of locomotor activity and in vivo microdialysis in freely moving mice. We found that local administration of ghrelin into the VTA (1 microg in 1 microl) induced an increase in locomotor activity and in the extracellular concentration of accumbal dopamine. In addition, local administration of ghrelin into the LDTg (1 microg in 1 microl) caused a locomotor stimulation and an increase in the extracellular levels of accumbal dopamine. Taken together, this indicates that ghrelin might, via activation of GHSR-1A in the VTA and LDTg, stimulate the acetylcholine-dopamine reward link, implicating that ghrelin is a part of the neurochemical overlap between the reward systems and those that regulate energy balance.
19.6% electron-irradiated GaInP/GaAs cells (2002)

Record air mass zero (AMO) efficiencies are reported for two-terminal, two-junction 0.25-cm/sup 2/ Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs devices irradiated by 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/ 1 MeV electrons. Devices optimized for end-of-life (EOL) had beginning-of-life (BOL) and EOL efficiencies of 23% and 19.6%, respectively. A range of device structures gave EOL efficiencies greater than 18%. The design of the device for optimal radiation hardness is shown to depend on low bottom-cell base doping and optimally thin top cells, as these lead to current-matched EOL devices. Surprisingly, the damage coefficients for Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P are significantly larger than those previously measured and depend on the bottom-cell base doping and top-cell thickness.
UV curing of pressure sensitive adhesives studied by real-time FTIR-ATR spectroscopy (2002)

The UV-induced crosslinking of a pressure sensitive adhesive based on an acrylic resin with copolymerized benzophenone groups was studied by real-time FTIR-ATR spectroscopy in order to simulate technical curing processes. The dependence of the conversion on the applied UV dose was investigated by irradiation with single or multiple UV pulses and with variable light intensities. Depth profiling of the degree of cure during the UV curing of thick adhesive coatings revealed a strong gradient of the conversion due to the inner filter effect of the photoreactive groups. Temperature was found to have a significant influence on cure rate and conversion. Results from FTIR spectroscopy were related to the adhesive properties of the cured coatings.
Control of a flexible beam for optimum step response (2005)

The objective of this paper is to examine the end-point control of a flexible beam using the stable factorization approach. We begin with a description of the experimental setup at the University of Waterloo and discuss the derivation of the state space model of the beam using the method of modal expansions. The model is an eighth order nonminimum phase system with poles on the imaginary axis. The stable factorization approach is used to obtain the optimal step response of the system in the sense that the mean square tracking error is minimized over all the stabilizing controllers. Since the plant is strictly proper, the optimal step response is not realizable and only suboptimal controllers, whose responses approach the optimal step response, can be constructed. First, the one parameter compensator is studied. The results are discussed and the effect of weighting the error is analyzed. A two parameter compensator is also simulated and the result is compared to the one parameter compensator. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.
From animals to animats 2 : proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (1993)

The animat approach to adaptive behaviour perception and motor control action selection and behavioural sequences cognitive maps and internal world models learning evolution collective behaviour.
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered β-Substituted Cyclic Enones: Enantioselective Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters (2011)

The first enantioselective Pd-catalyzed construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters via 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to β-substituted cyclic enones is reported. Reaction of a wide range of arylboronic acids and cyclic enones using a catalyst prepared from Pd(OCOCF(3))(2) and a chiral pyridinooxazoline ligand yields enantioenriched products bearing benzylic stereocenters. Notably, this transformation is tolerant to air and moisture, providing a practical and operationally simple method of synthesizing enantioenriched all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
Retinoid treatment of skin diseases (2015)

Retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) are potent natural regulators of cellular activities, including cell growth and differentiation, and they mediate many essential regulatory functions, especially in the skin. Biologically active retinoids exert their effects by binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors and retinoid-X-receptors. The group of pharmacologically used retinoids include naturally occurring and chemically synthesised vitamin A derivatives. Due to their influence on keratinocyte proliferation, epidermal differentiation and keratinisation, retinoids are commonly used in the field of dermatopharmacology. For safe administration of retinoids, in-depth information about adverse effects and comprehensive information of the patient are important. This article gives an overview on the effects, use, and side-effects of topical and systemic retinoids in dermatology.
Subband adaptive GLRT-LTD for weak moving targets in sea clutter (2016)

In this paper, the subband detection scheme, a frequency division tactic to decompose received time series into low-rate subband time series, and the generalized likelihood ratio test linear threshold detector (GLRT-LTD) are combined to form a subband adaptive detector to find weak moving targets in sea clutter by lengthened integration time. To alleviate the conflict between the large number of integrated pulses and limited reference cells constrained by spatial inhomogeneity of sea clutter, a discrete Fourier transform modulated filter bank is used to decompose high-rate sea clutter into low-rate subband clutters. Subband clutters exhibit diversity of non-Gaussianity, and subbands are grouped into noise-dominated subbands of approximate Gaussianity, clutter-noise-mixed subbands of non-Gaussianity, and clutter-dominated subbands of strong non-Gaussianity. The subband compound-Gaussian (CG) model with inverse gamma texture is presented to characterize subband clutters, and a bipercentile method is given to estimate the shape and scale parameters of subband amplitude distributions. The GLRT-LTDs specified by the subband parameters are imposed on individual subbands to optimize detection performance. The experiments show that the subband adaptive GLRT-LTD attains better performance than the subband adaptive normalized matched filter detector, owing to the full exploitation of the subband diversity of the non-Gaussianity of sea clutter.
Predicting Swelling Characteristics of Bentonites (2004)

Bentonite is currently planned for use as a buffer and backfill material for repositories of high-level nuclear waste because these materials must have swelling characteristics to seal the waste. However, it is necessary to choose the appropriate bentonite from among many kinds of bentonite in the design of buffer and backfill materials. To do this, the writers have proposed a new prediction method for swelling characteristics of bentonite-based buffer material. This prediction method comprises some equations that were previously developed for repulsive and attractive forces between two montmorillonite layers; others included in the method are the writers’ previously proposed equations for (1) the swelling volumetric strain of montmorillonite (Komine and Ogata 1999), and (2) the influence of pore water chemistry and specific surface of bentonite (Komine and Ogata 1996a). However, the applicability of this prediction method to swelling characteristics of some bentonites remains unclarified. This study clarifies the applicability of the prediction method by comparing predicted results with experimental data for five kinds of bentonite produced in Japan and the United States.
Memory Changes in Normal Aging (1994)

Does memory decline as we get older? It certainly seems as if it does: People in their 60s and 70s have greater difficulty remembering names and finding words than they did in their teens and 20s; they also report an increasing liability to ev eryday forgetfulness?where they left their glasses or a book?or a fail ure to carry out some action that they had decided on only moments before. Several questionnaire stud ies1 have shown that older adults re port these and other memory prob lems in their everyday lives; so it does not seem that age-related losses in memory are attributable simply to negative stereotypes of the elderly held by younger people, or to the results of artificial laboratory tests of memory, which older people might find boring and irrelevant. On the contrary, it appears that age-related declines in memory are real, and that they cause concern in many older people. The purpose of the present article is to give an overview of some theoretical ideas and exper imental findings that bear on the phenomenon of age-related memory loss. Given the space restrictions, the article focuses largely on my own point of view; readers will find reviews that are more comprehen sive, and less partisan, in the recent literature.2
Senescence of canine biotinylated erythrocytes: increased autologous immunoglobulin binding occurs on erythrocytes aged in vivo for 104 to 110 days (1993)

Abstract We have evaluated senescence related changes in canine red blood cells (RBCs) using the biotinylation system, where RBCs are labeled in vivo with biotin at the beginning of their life span, and retrieved from circulation on immobilized avidin at the end of their life span. This approach avoids the controversial use of density gradient centrifugation to collect presumably old RBCs. Furthermore, the dog is an appropriate model for human RBC senescence because it has a low degree of random RBC loss and a similarly long RBC life span (approximately 110 days). Two dogs had 97% to 100% of their circulating RBCs biotinylated by infusion of N-hydroxysuccinimido biotin (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. At postbiotinylation days 104 and 107 for one dog and day 110 for the other dog, biotinylated RBCs were isolated by magnetic cell sorting and analyzed for the presence of autologous IgG using 125I- labeled sheep-antidog IgG (SAD IgG). On all 3 days, there were at least three times more SAD IgG molecules per RBC on senescent biotinylated RBCs than on control (unfractionated) RBCs (day 104: 11,677 v 3,399; day 107: 6,710 v 2,115; day 110: 6,042 v 1,838 molecules of SAD IgG per senescent v control RBC). Furthermore, it is unlikely that an immune response to the conjugated biotin had been elicited, because fresh in vitro biotinylated RBCs that were incubated in autologous plasma (taken after exposure to circulating biotinylated RBCs for 113 days) and then exposed to the SAD IgG showed no increase in antibody binding over control (non-biotinylated) RBCs (1,431 v 1,378 cpm/10(8) biotinylated v control RBCs; P > .20). These results suggest that senescence of canine biotinylated RBCs is characterized by binding of autologous IgG and that antibiotin antibodies do not contribute to this process.
Synthesis and crystal structure of sodium borosilicide, Na8B74.5Si17.5 (2010)

Ternary sodium borosilicide, Na(8)B(74.5)Si(17.5), was newly synthesized by heating a mixture of sodium, silicon and amorphous or crystalline boron at 1073-1273 K. The crystal structure of the black hexagonal prismatic single crystal obtained at 1273 K was analyzed. The X-ray diffraction reflections of the crystal were indexed with hexagonal cell parameters a = 10.2392(3) Å and c = 10.9215(4) Å (space group P6(3)/mmc, No. 194). The structural formula could be represented as Na(8)(B(12))(6)Si(16)[BSi](1.5)[B(2)](0.5). B(12) icosahedra form a three-dimensional framework having small triangular and large hexagonal channels along the c axis. Chains of [-Si-(Si-Si)(3)-Si-] surrounded by Na atoms are located in the large channels. Trigonal prism cages for Na atoms and for atom pairs of Si-B or B-B are alternately arrayed in the small channels. The ratio of Si-B and B-B pairs in the cage is around 3:1.
Synthesis of 4‐(4‐phenyl‐3‐pyrazolyl)‐4<i>H</i>‐1,2,4‐triazoles (1977)

Abstract 4‐(4‐PhenyI‐3‐pyrazolyl)‐4 H ‐1,2,4‐triazoles and 4‐phenyl‐5‐(4 H ‐1,2,4‐triazol4‐yl)‐3‐pyrazolols were prepared by the reaction of formylhydrazine on α‐phenyl‐α‐cyanoacetaldehydes and ethyl α‐phenyl‐α‐cyanoacetates.
A Convenient Synthesis of Alkyl Arylcyanoacetates by Palladium-Catalyzed Aromatic Substitution (1985)

Synthese par reaction de iodoarenes avec des cyanoacetates d'alkyle en presence de dichloro bis [triphenylphosphine] palladium dans le monoglyme
High-Efficiency Modulation System (1938)

A descriptive and mathematical treatment is given of a means for obtaining modulated radio-frequency power with good conversion efficiency from the usual direct-current source. The method employed is to modify the load line on a saturated radio-frequency amplifier to take care of positive peaks and to grid modulate the amplifier for negative peaks. Load modification is accomplished by absorption and in this system the absorbed power is not dissipated in heat but is returned to the direct-current source for the power-amplifier tube and thereby reduces the drain from the supply. This results in direct-current-to-carrier conversion efficiencics in the order of 50 to 60 per cent when average tubes are used.
Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Isolated in Japan (2001)

A total of 221 isolates of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Japan were characterized in the present study. The results revealed that clonal serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 strains prevailed and that these strains had drug resistance patterns, integron types, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns similar to those predominant among isolates in Western countries.
Probing pore blocking effects on multiphase reactions within porous catalyst particles using a discrete model (2015)

A discrete model coupling mass transfer, reaction, and phase change in porous catalyst particles is proposed to probe pore blocking effects on multiphase reactions. This discrete model is validated by comparing the results with experiments and those obtained using a continuum model, for the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane in Pd/γ‐alumina catalyst particles. The results show that pore blocking has a significant effect on the effectiveness factor and can contribute to up to 50% of the hysteresis loop area for multiphase reactions in porous catalysts, indicating that pore blocking must be accounted for. Moreover, the pore blocking effects are significantly enhanced when the pore network is poorly connected and the pore‐size distribution is wide, while the pore blocking effects are insensitive to the volume‐averaged pore size. Multiphase catalyst material characterization and design should account for this effect. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 62: 451–460, 2016
Natural mechanical wave detection using ultrafast ultrasound and velocity Clutter Filter Wave Imaging (2019)

International audience
The 2:1 vanadyl acetylacetonate:1,4-dioxan complex. A nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystal structure study (1970)

Vanadyl acetylacetonate interacts with 1,4-dioxan in methylene dichloride solution, and a complex [VO(acac)2]2(dioxan), C24H40O12V2, has been isolated; a dioxan molecule bridges two VO(acac)2 groups by co-ordination to the sixth ‘unoccupied’ site of the vanadium atom.
Where to Buy It: Matching Street Clothing Photos in Online Shops (2015)

In this paper, we define a new task, Exact Street to Shop, where our goal is to match a real-world example of a garment item to the same item in an online shop. This is an extremely challenging task due to visual differences between street photos (pictures of people wearing clothing in everyday uncontrolled settings) and online shop photos (pictures of clothing items on people, mannequins, or in isolation, captured by professionals in more controlled settings). We collect a new dataset for this application containing 404,683 shop photos collected from 25 different online retailers and 20,357 street photos, providing a total of 39,479 clothing item matches between street and shop photos. We develop three different methods for Exact Street to Shop retrieval, including two deep learning baseline methods, and a method to learn a similarity measure between the street and shop domains. Experiments demonstrate that our learned similarity significantly outperforms our baselines that use existing deep learning based representations.
Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil and Extracts of <i>Piper chaba</i> Hunter Against Phytopathogenic Fungi (2010)

Abstract The efficacy of the essential oil and various leaf extracts of Piper chaba Hunter was evaluated for controlling the growth of some important phytopathogenic fungi. The hydrodistilled essential oil was analysed by GC–MS. Fifty‐three compounds representing 95.1% of the total oil were identified, of which α‐humulene (16.4 % ), caryophyllene oxide (12.2 % ), viridiflorol (8.1%), globulol (7.4%), β‐selinene (7.1%), spathulenol (6.2%), ( E )‐nerolidol (5.1%), linalool (4.5%) and 3‐pentanol (3.5%) were the major compounds. The oil (1,000 ppm) and organic extracts (1,500 ppm) of P. chaba Hunter displayed a great potential of antifungal activity as a growth inhibition against the tested phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum KACC 41083, Phytophthora capsici KACC 40157, Colletotrichum capsici KACC 410978, Fusarium solani KACC 41092 and Rhizoctonia solani KACC 40111 in the range of 55.1–70.3% and minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 125 to 500 μg/ml. The oil had also a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all the tested fungi along with concentration as well as time‐dependent kinetic inhibition of P. capsici . The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of new antifungal agents to protect crops from fungal diseases.
Diaprepes abbreviatus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Host Plant Associations (1996)

Journal Article Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Host Plant Associations Get access S. E. Simpson, S. E. Simpson 1 University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 1 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, 3027 Lake Alfred Road, Winter Haven, FL 33881. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. N. Nigg, H. N. Nigg University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. C. Coile, N. C. Coile 2 University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 2 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, P.O. Box 14700, Gainesville, FL 32614- 7l00. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. A. Adair R. A. Adair 3 University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 3 The Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Vero Beach Research Station, 7055 Cherry Lane, Vero Beach, FL 32966. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 25, Issue 2, 1 April 1996, Pages 333–349, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.2.333 Published: 01 April 1996 Article history Received: 01 August 1995 Accepted: 08 November 1995 Published: 01 April 1996
Andrology: Glutathione treatment of dyspermia: effect on the lipoperoxidation process (1994)

We recently introduced reduced glutathione into the therapeutic protocols in some selected cases of dyspermia. This therapy improved semen quality both in a pilot follow-up study and in a double-blind cross-over trial. This improvement was seen in patients with varicocele and germ-free genital tract inflammation, two pathologies in which production of reactive oxygen species or other toxic compounds could have a pathogenic role. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids play a major role in membrane constitution and function and are one of the main targets of the lipoperoxidative process. Therefore, to understand the therapeutic action of reduced glutathione, we selected infertile patients and studied the modifications produced by the therapy in seminal parameters, biochemical sperm membrane parameters, and the pattern of fatty acids of phospholipids from blood serum and red blood cell membranes (a model widely accepted as representative of general cell membrane status). The results showed an improvement in both sperm parameters and cell membrane characteristics. This study suggests that biochemical modifications in membrane constitution could explain the seminal results of glutathione therapy. On the other hand, it seems likely that only subjects with systemic membrane disturbances associated with andrological pathologies express this membrane damage in spermatozoa, resulting in dyspermia. This sperm alteration can be partially reversed by glutathione therapy if the structural cell membrane damage is not too severe.
Epigenetic Clocks Are Not Accelerated in COVID-19 Patients (2021)

Age is a major risk factor for severe outcome of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this study, we followed the hypothesis that particularly patients with accelerated epigenetic age are affected by severe outcomes of COVID-19. We investigated various DNA methylation datasets of blood samples with epigenetic aging signatures and performed targeted bisulfite amplicon sequencing. Overall, epigenetic clocks closely correlated with the chronological age of patients, either with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, lymphocytes did not reveal significantly accelerated telomere attrition. Thus, these biomarkers cannot reliably predict higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection in elderly patients.