gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NOX, NOX Who is There? The Contribution of NADPH Oxidase One to Beta Cell Dysfunction (2013)

Predictions of diabetes prevalence over the next decades warrant the aggressive discovery of new approaches to stop or reverse loss of functional beta cell mass. Beta cells are recognized to have a relatively high sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and become dysfunctional under oxidative stress conditions. New discoveries have identified NADPH oxidases in beta cells as contributors to elevated cellular ROS. Reviewed are recent reports that evidence a role for NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX-1) in beta cell dysfunction. NOX-1 is stimulated by inflammatory cytokines that are elevated in diabetes. First, regulation of cytokine-stimulated NOX-1 expression has been linked to inflammatory lipid mediators derived from 12-lipoxygenase activity. For the first time in beta cells these data integrate distinct pathways associated with beta cell dysfunction. Second, regulation of NOX-1 in beta cells involves feed-forward control linked to elevated ROS and Src-kinase activation. This potentially results in unbridled ROS generation and identifies candidate targets for pharmacologic intervention. Third, consideration is provided of new, first-in-class, selective inhibitors of NOX-1. These compounds could have an important role in assessing a disruption of NOX-1/ROS signaling as a new approach to preserve and protect beta cell mass in diabetes.
An introduction to 3D spatial interaction with video game motion controllers (2010)

3D spatial interfaces [Bowman et al. 2004] give users the ability to spatially interact with 3D virtual worlds because they provide natural mappings from human movement to interface controls. These interfaces, common in virtual and augmented reality applications, give users, rich, immersive, and interactive experiences that can mimic the real world or provide magical, larger than life interaction metaphors [Katzourin et al. 2006].
Lycopene: Antioxidant and Biological Effects and its Bioavailability in the Human (1998)

Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid present in human blood and tissues. The major dietary sources of lycopene for the human are tomatoes and tomato products. Protective effects of a lycopene-rich diet on some types of cancer were suggested on the basis of epidemiological studies. There are several biochemical mechanisms potentially underlying the protective effects of lycopene. These include antioxidant activity such as the quenching of singlet oxygen and the scavenging of peroxyl radicals, induction of cell-cell communication, and growth control. In vitro and in vivo studies support this assumption. Dietary lycopene is absorbed and distributed in the human organism, but its bioavailability depends on various factors such as food processing or coingestion of fat. Little is known about the metabolism of lycopene. Potentially biologically active oxidation products of lycopene have been identified in human plasma.
Interplay between Liquid Crystalline Order and Microphase Segregation on the Self-Assembly of Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Brush Block Copolymers (2013)

Herein we investigate the influence of competing self-organizing phenomena on the hierarchical self-assembly of liquid crystalline brush block copolymers (LCBBCs). A library of LCBBCs are synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene side-chain functionalized monomers comprising (1) cholesteryl mesogen with nine methylene spacer and (2) semicrystalline poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The self-assembly of LCBBCs with variations in LC block content (7–80 wt %) are investigated in their melt state. All LCBBCs show two distinct thermal transitions corresponding to PEG semicrystalline phase and LC mesophases. Interestingly, the LCBBCs display a multilevel hierarchical structure evidenced by the results from X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM): (1) smectic A (SmA) mesophases (d = 3–7 nm) by the assembly of cholesteryl side chains and (2) microphase segregation into lamellar or cylinder (d = 40–75 nm) resulting from the incompatibility between LC moieties and PEG side chain. Surprisingly, the presence of microphase-segregated domains in LCBBCs prevents the formation of cholesteric mesophase in sharp contrast to side-chain liquid crystalline homopolymer (SCLCP) bearing the same mesogen and the flexible spacer. This could be attributed to very high surface to volume ratio at intermaterial dividing surface (IMDS) in LCBBCs, by which only LC layers (i.e., SmA mesophase) are favored to form at the IMDS. On the fundamental side, these LCBBCs are an interesting scaffold to explore the impact of interactions between LC order and microphase segregation of side-chain polymeric brushes on the self-assembly of LCBBCs. Moreover, these new LCBBC scaffolds will serve as a tool box for rational design of hierarchically organized functional materials for stimuli responsive applications.
Electron-beam-assisted etching of CrOx films by Cl2 (2005)

Based on analysis by in situ Auger electron spectroscopy, partially oxidized Cr films, 3–10nm thick, were etched by the combination of 2keV electrons and Cl2(g). The Cl2 gas pressure in the area irradiated by the e beam is critical and must be in the mTorr regime. For the flux (8mAcm−2) of electrons used, the etching rate saturated for estimated local Cl2 pressures above 2mTorr. The effects on etching of small amounts of Si are described.
Versachlichung und Institutionalisierung (2002)

Neben der Konzeption des reinen Charismas als Idealtypus hat Weber, wie erwähnt, die „Umbildung“ interessiert, die Charisma im Kontakt mit der Welt des Alltags erfährt.
Implementation of Korean TTS Service on Android OS (2012)

국내에서 출시된 안드로이드 기반의 스마트폰은 한국어 TTS 엔진이 내장되어 있지 않고, 구글에서도 공식적인 한국어 TTS 기술 개발을 발표하지 않고 있는 상황이다. 따라서 안드로이드 스마트폰을 사용하는 어플리케이션 개발자 및 사용자들의 불편이 갈수록 심해져 가고 있다. 본 논문은 안드로이드 기반의 스마트폰에서 서비스할 수 있는 TTS시스템의 설계 및 구현에 대해 기술하였다. 신속 명료한 TTS를 위해 안드로이드 NDK를 이용하여 텍스트 전처리와 합성음 생성 라이브러리를 구현하였다. 또한, 자바의 스레드 기법과 스트림을 적용한 AudioTrack 클래스 객체를 사용하여 TTS 응답시간을 최소화 하였다. 구현된 한국어 TTS 서비스를 테스트하기 위해 수신된 문자메시지를 읽어주는 어플리케이션을 설계 및 개발하였다. 평가 결과, 임의의 문장에 대해 자연스러운 합성음을 생성하였으며, 실시간 청취가 가능하였다. 또한, 어플리케이션 개발자들은 구현된 한국어 TTS 서비스를 이용하여 음성을 통한 정보 전달을 손쉽게 적용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 구현한 한국어 TTS 서비스는 기존 제한적 음성합성 방식의 어플리케이션의 단점을 개선하였으며, 음성을 통한 정보전달 어플리케이션 개발자 및 사용자들에게 사용성과 편의성을 제공할 수 있다. Though Android-based smart phones are being released in Korea, Korean TTS engine is not built on them and Google has not announced service or software developer's kit related to Korean TTS officially. Thus, application developers who want to include Korean TTS capability in their application have difficulties. In this paper, we design and implement Android OS-based Korean TTS system and service. For speed, text preprocessing and synthesis libraries are implemented using Android NDK. By using Java's thread mechanism and the AudioTrack class, the response time of TTS is minimized. For the test of implemented service, an application that reads incoming SMS is developed. The test shows that synthesized speech are generated in real-time for random sentences. By using the implemented Korean TTS service, Android application developers can transmit information easily through voice. Korean TTS service proposed and implemented in this paper overcomes shortcomings of the existing restrictive synthesis methods and provides the benefit for application developers and users.
Determination of wagonaxels quality by NDT methods (2017)

U radu se obrađuje problematika utvrđivanja pojave gresaka u unutrasnjosti osovine. Ovakva uocena ostecenja osovina poznata su pod nazivom kovacka zvijezda koje mogu dovesti do raspadanja osovine, uzrokujuci teske posljedice u željeznickom prometu. U okviru istraživanja provedena je detaljna ultrazvucna kontrola pregleda vagonskih osovina u mreži hrvatskih željeznica, s ciljem smanjenja opasnosti od pojave napuknuca osovina uslijed umora materijala. Dobiveni rezultati mogu poslužiti kao podloga za izradu tehnickih propisa za održavanje željeznickih strojeva u mreži hrvatskih željeznica.
Molecular Basis for Trehalase Inhibition Revealed by the Structure of Trehalase in Complex with Potent Inhibitors (2007)

Strong inhibitions: The inhibition of trehalases, enzymes which hydrolyze the disaccharide trehalose, is a target for novel antibiotic insecticides. The structures (see picture; C black, N blue, O red, S yellow) of a trehalase in complex with validoxylamine A (yellow) and 1-thiatetrazolin (blue) reveal that the inhibitors tightly bind to the enzyme through hydrogen bonds.
Current Literature: Hypocaloric Parenteral Nutrition Support in Elderly Obese Patients (2001)

Hypocaloric nutrition support has been successfully used to achieve positive nitrogen balance in obese patients. However, advanced age is associated with changes in substrate metabolism. To evaluate the efficacy of this practice in elderly patients, we retrospectively reviewed 30 obese patients requiring parenteral nutrition support. Total caloric requirements (TCR) were calculated on the basis of the Harris‐Benedict equation. Patients were given a minimum of 1.5 g/kg/day protein, 75% of TCR when current body weight was >120 and ≤150% of ideal body weight (IBW), and 60% of TCR if current body weight was >150% of IBW. The patients were divided into two groups: group I (N = 18) patients were age <60 and group II (N = 12) patients were ≤60 years of age. Only one of the group I patients (143.2 ± 25.7% IBW, received 18.2 ± 3.7 keal/kg/day and 1.6 ± 0.4 g/kg/day protein), but five of the group II patients (141.3 ± 14.4% IBW, received 18.3 ± 2.6 keal/kg/day and 1.7 ± 0.3 g/kg/day protein), had negative nitrogen balance (p = .025). Apparently, elderly obese patients have limited capacity to mobilize their fat stores as energy sources and may continue to undergo protein catabolism with hypocaloric high‐protein nutrition support. Therefore this form of nutrition support should be used with caution in elderly obese patients. (Am Surg 66:394–400, 2000)
Darstellung von Didehydropyridinen aus (Trimethylsilyl)pyridinen (1991)

Preparation of Didehydropyridines from (Trimethylsilyl)pyridines Halogen‐substituted (trimethylsilyl)pyridines 2 , 3 , 5 – 7 and trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy‐substituted (trimethylsilyl)pyridines 9b , 11b are obtained from 2‐ and 3‐halopyridines 1, 4 or hydroxypyridines 8 , 10 , and 12 . Reactions of the 3‐ and 2‐(trimethylsilyl)pyridines 2 , 9b and 11b with bases in the presence of furans 15 give only protodesilylation or hydrolysis products but no indication is found for the formation of a 2,3‐didehydropyridine. 3‐Bromo‐4‐(trimethylsilyl)pyridine ( 5a ) reacts with KOCMe 3 in the presence of furan ( 15a ) to give a mixture of products from which the isoquinoline derivative 20 and the tert ‐butoxypyridines 23 , 24 are formed by addition to 3,4‐didehydropyridine. Under comparable conditions far higher yields of 3,4‐didehydropyridines are obtained by treatment of the 3‐halo‐2,4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)pyridines 7 with strong bases.
A Feasible Enterprise Business Intelligence Design Model (2009)

In order to comparatively fully elaborate the application framework of enterprise business intelligence (BI), build a reference system of business intelligence application for enterprises. By analyzing technology implementation and data logic of a real enterprise IT planning scheme model, Hubei provincial branch of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC) BI planning, a feasible enterprise business intelligence design model is put forward in this article. This model is based on a detailed description and analysis of the BKR center database system, describe a set of an approach of build a enterprise data model structures. By analyzing technology implementation and data logic of this model, it is effectively solve the problem of lack of the reference and the prototype.
Calcium channel activation in vascular smooth muscle by BAY K 8644 (1984)

BAY K 8644 (methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) pyridine-5-carboxylate) and CGP 28 392 (ethyl-4(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5-++ +oxofuro- [3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxylate) are closely related in structure to nifedipine and other 1,4-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonists. However, both BAY K 8644 and CGP 28 392 serve as activators of Ca2+ channels. In the rat tail artery, responses to BAY K 8644 are dependent upon Ca2+ext and prior stimulation by K+ or by the alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, phenylephrine and BHT 920 (6-allyl-2-amino-5,6,7,8,-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5-d]azepin dihydrochloride). Responses are blocked noncompetitively by the Ca2+ channel antagonists D-600 [-)-D-600 greater than (+)-D-600) and diltiazem, but competitively by nifedipine (pA2 = 8.27). This suggests that activator and inhibitor 1,4-dihydropyridines interact at the same site. BAY K 8644 potentiates K+ responses and Ca2+ responses in K+-depolarizing media. The leftward shift of the K+ dose--response curve produced by BAY K 8644 suggests that this ligand facilitates the voltage-dependent activation of the Ca2+ channel. The pA2 value for nifedipine antagonism of BAY K 8644 responses is significantly lower than that for nifedipine antagonism of Ca2+ responses in K+ (25-80 mM) depolarizing media (9.4-9.6), suggesting that the state of the channel may differ according to the activating stimulus.
Olive phenolic compounds: metabolic and transcriptional profiling during fruit development (2012)

Metabolic and transcriptional profiling led to the identification of some major players putatively involved in biosynthesis of secondary compounds in the olive tree. Our data represent the first step towards the functional characterisation of important genes for the determination of olive fruit quality.
Optical properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MgH</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>measured<i>in situ</i>by ellipsometry and spectrophotometry (2003)

The dielectric properties of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{MgH}}_{2}$ are investigated in the photon energy range between 1 and 6.5 eV. For this purpose, a sample configuration and experimental setup are developed that allow both optical transmission and ellipsometric measurements of a transparent thin film in equilibrium with hydrogen. We show that $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{MgH}}_{2}$ is a transparent, color neutral insulator with a band gap of $5.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\mathrm{eV}.$ It has an intrinsic transparency of about 80% over the whole visible spectrum. The dielectric function found in this work confirms very recent band-structure calculations using the GW approximation by Alford and Chou (unpublished). As Pd is used as a cap layer we report also the optical properties of ${\mathrm{PdH}}_{x}$ thin films.
A GENOME-SCALE CRISPR SCREEN TO IDENTIFY ESSENTIAL GENES FOR THE EFFECTOR FUNCTION OF CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES (2017)

Ph.D.
A Cultural Method for the Detection of Pullulan—Degrading Enzymes in Bacteria and its Application to the Genus Bacillus (1979)

Pullulan in a solid growth medium can be precipitated selectively with ethanol. Clear zones due to pullulan hydrolysis surround microbial colonies which produce the appropriate enzyme. When this procedure was applied to 297 strains representing 26 species of the genus Bacillus, 138 (46%) of the organisms were shown to hydrolyze pullulan.
Tooth Color and Reflectance as Related to Light Scattering and Enamel Hardness (1995)

Tooth color is determined by the paths of light inside the tooth and absorption along these paths. This paper tests the hypothesis that, since the paths are determined by scattering, a relation between color and scattering coefficients exists. One hundred and two extracted incisors were fixed in formalin, mounted in a standardized position in brass holders, and pumiced. A facet was prepared near the incisal edge on the labial plane to allow for Knoop hardness measurements with a 500-gram load. Light scattering by the enamel was measured in a 45 degrees/0 degrees geometry; light scattering by both enamel and dentin was measured in a 0 degrees/0 degrees geometry. The reflection spectrum of the tooth was measured from the labial plane with a spectroradiometer in a 45 degrees/0 degrees geometry, with standard illuminant A and standard illuminant D65. To include all volume-reflected light, we used entire-tooth illumination and small-area measurement. CIELAB color coordinates were calculated from the spectra. Neither spectra nor coordinates showed evidence of a contribution of fluorescence to tooth color. Averaged values and standard deviations for L*,a*,b* were 69.9 (4.1), 1.22 (1.4), and 17.9 (2.9), respectively. Both scattering coefficients averaged to 0.6 (0.4) mm-1; Knoop hardness number was, on average, 271 (39) kg/mm2. L* correlated with a* (r = -0.51), with the enamel scattering coefficient (r = 0.60), and slightly with hardness (r = 0.17, p = 0.03). The colors of 28 teeth from which the enamel was removed correlated strongly with the colors of the complete tooth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comprehensive Organic Transformations (2017)

This encyclopedic and systematic collection of useful synthetic methodology contains almost 15,000 reactions and over 23,000 references. It represents the most complete sourcebook of organic reactions and functional group preparations available. The criteria for inclusion are that yields should be at least 50 %, that the reaction should be either general in scope or so unique that the methodology will find real synthetic utility, and that the agents should be readily available or easily prepared and handled in the laboratory. Similar transformations are grouped together whenever possible. The literature coverage is complete through 1987 and considers over 160 primary chemical journals as well as a number of books and reviews. Extensive indexes enable the user to access quickly the information needed either from the starting material or product.
Oral vaccination reduces the incidence of tuberculosis in free-living brushtail possums (2009)

Bovine tuberculosis (Tb) caused by Mycobacterium bovis has proved refractory to eradication from domestic livestock in countries with wildlife disease reservoirs. Vaccination of wild hosts offers a way of controlling Tb in livestock without wildlife culling. This study was conducted in a Tb-endemic region of New Zealand, where the introduced Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the main wildlife reservoir of Tb. Possums were trapped and vaccinated using a prototype oral-delivery system to deliver the Tb vaccine bacille Calmette-Guerin. Vaccinated and control possums were matched according to age, sex and location, re-trapped bimonthly and assessed for Tb status by palpation and lesion aspiration; the site was depopulated after 2 years and post-mortem examinations were conducted to further identify clinical Tb cases and subclinical infection. Significantly fewer culture-confirmed Tb cases were recorded in vaccinated possums (1/51) compared with control animals (12/71); the transition probability from susceptible to infected was significantly reduced in both males and females by vaccination. Vaccine efficacy was estimated at 95 per cent (87-100%) for females and 96 per cent (82-99%) for males. Hence, this trial demonstrates that orally delivered live bacterial vaccines can significantly protect wildlife against natural disease exposure, indicating that wildlife vaccination, along with existing control methods, could be used to eradicate Tb from domestic animals.
Synthesis and biological activity of novel quaternary ammonium derivatives of alkylglycerols as potent inhibitors of protein kinase C (1990)

Alkylglycerols such as rac-1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methylglycerophosphochocholine (Et-18-OMe) have shown an inhibitory effect on the metastasis and growth of various cancer cell lines. Alkyl phospholipids have been shown to accumulate at the surface in several cell lines, the selectivity of which is still not clearly understood. A consequence of this action may lead to the inhibition of cell membrane related protein kinase C (PKC). The goal of this research was to develop ether lipid inhibitors of PKC to augment antineoplastic activity. This led to the synthesis and in vitro testing of a series of novel quaternary ammonium derivatives of alkylglycerols. The biological testing of these analogues on PKC stimulated with rac-1-O-oleoyl-2-O-acetylglycerol showed several analogues with inhibition comparable to that of Et-18-OMe.
Local-Global Video-Text Interactions for Temporal Grounding (2020)

This paper addresses the problem of text-to-video temporal grounding, which aims to identify the time interval in a video semantically relevant to a text query. We tackle this problem using a novel regression-based model that learns to extract a collection of mid-level features for semantic phrases in a text query, which corresponds to important semantic entities described in the query (e.g., actors, objects, and actions), and reflect bi-modal interactions between the linguistic features of the query and the visual features of the video in multiple levels. The proposed method effectively predicts the target time interval by exploiting contextual information from local to global during bi-modal interactions. Through in-depth ablation studies, we find out that incorporating both local and global context in video and text interactions is crucial to the accurate grounding. Our experiment shows that the proposed method outperforms the state of the arts on Charades-STA and ActivityNet Captions datasets by large margins, 7.44\% and 4.61\% points at Recall@tIoU=0.5 metric, respectively. Code is available in https://github.com/JonghwanMun/LGI4temporalgrounding.
A New Pyrimidine Nucleoside (m5oxC) for the pH-Independent Recognition of G-C Base Pairs by Oligonucleotide-Directed Triplex Formation (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Pyrimidine Nucleoside (m5oxC) for the pH-Independent Recognition of G-C Base Pairs by Oligonucleotide-Directed Triplex FormationGuobing Xiang, Walid Soussou, and Larry W. McLaughlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 24, 11155–11156Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00103a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00103a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts