gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling of a woodchip refiner using artificial neural network (1995)

Abstract Neural networks can be an attractive alternative to mathematical modelling of complex and poorly understood processes if input/output data can easily be obtained. Woodchip refining falls into this category. The mechanism of the refining process is still being studied and no thorough models have yet been developed. A feed‐forward neural network is proposed for modelling of woodchip refiners. The outputs predicted by the neural network are compared with industrial refiner data. It is also shown that a modified neural network structure can be used to optimize refiner operation and product quality. The advantages and disadvantages of neural network model application in simulation and optimization of industrial processes are discussed.
Pseudo-isochronous cell switching in ATM networks (2002)

This paper shows how to design an ATM network, for real-time traffic, such that under full network load (i) the maximum delay of a low-rate voice connection is minimized, (ii) the delay uncertainty or jitter is a fixed network parameter, and (iii) the required buffer sizes (inside the network) to ensure loss-free routing is minimized. In addition, this design does not exclude the integration of other classes of traffic, such as connectionless, which have lower priority. The isochronous timing information is used only for regulating and pacing the traffic forwarded inside the network rather than for routing as in traditional circuit switching networks. This means that an ATM cell is sent from one switch to another not at a very specific time but within a time frame of a relatively long duration as compared to the cell transmission time. The routing of cells of each connection is based on VCI and VPI, and as a result, timing errors do not affect the ATM routing. Analytical and simulation results are presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of this switching approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives by Catalytic Hydrosilylation (2011)

In the last decade, an increasing number of useful catalytic reductions of carboxylic acid derivatives with hydrosilanes have been developed. Notably, the combination of an appropriate silane and catalyst enables unprecedented chemoselectivity that is not possible with traditional organometallic hydrides or hydrogenation catalysts. For example, amides and esters can be reduced preferentially in the presence of ketones or even aldehydes. We believe that catalytic hydrosilylations will be used more often in the future in challenging organic syntheses, as the reaction procedures are straightforward, and the reactivity of the silane can be fine-tuned. So far, the synthetic potential of these processes has clearly been underestimated. They even hold promise for industrial applications, as inexpensive and readily available silanes, such as polymethylhydrosiloxane, offer useful possibilities on a larger scale.
Study of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of soybeans (2013)

Soybean flakes were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide at 48.3 MPa and 80 °C, which is a higher temperature than previously reported. Several operational parameters were explored to determine their effect on extractions. Flakes, as typically used in this industry, provided the best extraction performance. Particle size distributions were created through grinding. Reducing average particle diameters smaller than 0.069 mm had no appreciable effect on increasing extraction efficiencies. Exploration of flow rate indicated that a residence time of less than 60 s for the supercritical carbon dioxide would be sufficient for complete extractions. A solvent mass to load mass ratio of 10:1 was found to be sufficient for extraction of oils from soybean flakes. Increasing moisture in the soybeans led to decreasing extraction efficiency of oils. Finally, soybean hulls had no effect on extraction efficiency. Thus, the de-hulling procedure can be removed from the extraction process without decreasing extraction efficiency.
A candidate modified-live bovine coronavirus vaccine: safety and immunogenicity evaluation. (2009)

A modified-live vaccine against the respiratory form of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection was developed by progressive attenuation of a respiratory strain (438/06-TN). The vaccine was found to be safe as four colostrum-deprived newborn calves remained healthy after oronasal administration of ten doses of the vaccine. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was assessed by intramuscular injection of one vaccine dose to 30 BCoV-antibody negative 2-3-month-old calves. At 30 days post-vaccination, all vaccinated calves displayed high antibody titres against BCoV. Sequence analysis of the S gene of wild-type and cell-adapted 438/06-TN strain detected 10 nucleotide changes, 9 of which were non-synonymous.
Effects of Dietary n‐3 Fatty Acids on the Phospholipid Molecular Species of Monkey Brain (1990)

We examined the changes in the molecular species of brain ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of monkeys fed diets containing widely ranging amounts of n-3 fatty acids. Two groups of rhesus monkeys were fed pre- and postnatally either a control diet (soy oil; containing 8% of fatty acids as 18:3n-3) or a deficient diet (safflower oil; containing less than 0.3% 18:3n-3). The brains of these animals were analyzed at 22 months of age. A third group of monkeys was fed the safflower oil diet to 22 months of age and then switched to a fish oil diet (28% long-chain n-3 fatty acids) for 1-2 years before autopsy. The molecular species of the diacyl, alkylacyl, and alkenylacyl ethanolamine glycerophospholipids from frontal cortex were separated by HPLC. A total of 24 molecular species were identified. Fatty acids in the sn-2 position differed markedly among the diet groups, but the sn-1 position always contained only 16:0, 18:0, or 18:1. In the diacyl subclass of the control brain, the n-3 molecular species represented 41% of total and the n-6 species 45%, whereas in the deficient brain the n-3 molecular species decreased to 9% and n-6 molecular species increased to 77%. The fatty acid 22:5n-6 did not replace 22:6n-3 in a symmetrical fashion in the molecular species of the deficient brain. In the brains of the fish oil-fed monkeys, the n-3 molecular species amounted to 61% and n-6 molecular species were reduced to 25%. The species 18:1-22:6, 16:0-22:6, and 18:0-22:6 generally changed proportionally in response to diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
21 GHz highly efficient composite-channel InP HEMT (2002)

State-of-the-art power performance was demonstrated from the composite-channel InP HEMT by on wafer load-pull measurements at 21 GHz. At a drain bias of 3 V, an 8-finger 500-/spl mu/m device delivered 23 dBm or 400 mW/mm of output power with 66% power-added efficiency and 10.5 dB associated gain. The linear gain was 16.9 dB. An output power of 24.5 dBm or 560 mW/mm with 60% power-added efficiency and 10 dB associated gain was achieved at 3.5 V drain bias.
Detection of HLA-B*58:01, the susceptible allele for allopurinol-induced hypersensitivity, by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (2012)

The HLA-B*58:01 LAMP assay was confirmed to be simple, rapid and specific for the detection of HLA-B*58:01, and therefore of potential value in the diagnosis of allopurinol-induced hypersensitivity.
Viral Infection of the Lungs through the Eye (2006)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the foremost respiratory pathogen in newborns and claims millions of lives annually. However, there has been no methodical study of the pathway(s) of entry of RSV or its interaction with nonrespiratory tissues. We and others have recently established a significant association between allergic conjunctivitis and the presence of RSV in the eye. Here we adopt a BALB/c mouse model and demonstrate that when instilled in the live murine eye, RSV not only replicated robustly in the eye but also migrated to the lung and produced a respiratory disease that is indistinguishable from the standard, nasally acquired RSV disease. Ocularly applied synthetic anti-RSV small interfering RNA prevented infection of the eye as well as the lung. RSV infection of the eye activated a plethora of ocular cytokines and chemokines with profound relevance to inflammation of the eye. Anticytokine treatments in the eye reduced ocular inflammation but had no effect on viral growth in both eye and lung, demonstrating a role of the cytokine response in ocular pathology. These results establish the eye as a major gateway of respiratory infection and a respiratory virus as a bona fide eye pathogen, thus offering novel intervention and treatment options.
Block Copolymerization Initiated by Poly-phtalyl Peroxide (1966)

ポリ過酸化フタロイルによるスチレンの重合を行ない,ペルオキシド結合を含有するポリスチレンを合成し,これを開始剤としてメタクリル酸メチルの重合を行ないブロック共重合体を合成した。ポリスチレン中のペルオキシド結合がどのように連鎖中に分布しているかを知ると共に,このプレポリマーによる重合の動力学を検討した。このようにして得たブロック共重合体のブロック効率は84～94%とかなり高い値を示し,有効にブロック共重合している事を認めた。このブロック効率およびブロック率に対する反応時間, 開始剤濃度及びモノマー濃度の影響を検討した。また, ブロック体の[η] と組成ポリマーの[η] についても検討した。
Implications of a Weaker Form of Complementarity (2012)

When a non-market good has existence value, the assumption of weak complementarity cannot be used to determine willingness to pay for that good. However, when this assumption is weakened, it is possible to place an upper bound on marginal willingness to pay even when the non-market good has existence value, and thereby, an upper bound on willingness to pay for changes in consumption of non-market goods can be established. Moreover, this upper bound may be relatively easy to compute.
Incomplete functional differentiation of HL‐60 leukemic cells by synthetic lipopetides (1992)

In human neutrophils, the synthetic lipopeptide, N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3- bis(palmitoyloxy-(2RS)-propyl]-(R)-cysteinyl-(S)-seryl-(S)-lysyl-( S)-lysyl-(S) -lysyl-(S)-lysine [Pam3CysSer(Lys)4], activates NADPH-oxidase catalyzed superoxide (O2-) formation through pertussis-toxin-sensitive and pertussis-toxin-insensitive mechanisms (Seifert, R., Schultz, G., Richter-Freund, M., Metzger, J., Wiesmüller, K.-H., Jung, G., Bessler, W. G. & Hauschildt, S. (1990) Biochem. J. 267, 795-802). We studied the effects of lipopeptides on differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cells. Pam3CysSer(Lys)4 enhanced phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced O2- formation (presumably through the expression of components of NADPH oxidase) in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal effect at 100 ng/ml and a maximum at 1 microgram/ml. The effect of the lipopeptide was evident after 24 h and reached a plateau after 48 h. (2S,6S)-2-Palmitoylamino-6,7- bis(palmitoyloxy)heptanoyl-(S)-seryl-(S)-lysyl-(S)-lysyl-(S) -lysyl-(S)-lysine enhanced O2- formation as well. The effects of Pam3CysSer(Lys)4 were potentiated by dibutyryl cAMP, dimethyl sulfoxide, retinoic acid, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, interferon-gamma and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha. Pertussis toxin, but not its B-oligomer, partially inhibited enhanced O2- formation induced by Pam3CysSer(Lys)4. O2- formation induced by arachidonic acid and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane were more sensitive to inhibition by pertussis toxin than O2- formation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Enhanced O2- formation induced by dibutyryl cAMP was not affected by pertussis toxin. Unlike ATP, histamine, prostaglandin E1 and the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, Pam3CysSer(Lys)4 did not increase cytosolic Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) in undifferentiated HL-60 cells. Histamine but not lipopeptides stimulated high-affinity GTPase of guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins in membranes of undifferentiated HL-60 cells. In Pam3CysSer(Lys)4-differentiated HL-60 cells, the responsiveness to the [Ca2+]i-increasing agonists, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine, C5a and leukotriene B4, was increased, whilst the responsiveness to prostaglandin E1 and isoproterenol was decreased. Pam3CysSer(Lys)4 did not inhibit proliferation of HL-60 cells but decreased transferrin receptor expression and increased C3bi receptor expression. Pertussis toxin did not affect proliferation and expression of transferrin and C3bi receptors. Dibutyryl cAMP was considerably more effective than Pam3CysSer(Lys)4 at inducing alterations in the above parameters. Our results suggest that (a) Pam3CysSer(Lys)4 induces incomplete functional differentiation of HL-60 cells through a mechanism which does not depend on a rise in [Ca2+]i and is different from that of other differentiation-inducing substances and (b) the mechanism by which Pam3CysSer(Lys)4 induces differentiation involves pertussis-toxin-sensitive and pertussis-toxin-insensitive mechanisms.
Network Protocols (1981)

Dunng the last ten years, many computer networks have been designed, implemented, and put into service in the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan, and elsewhere. From the experience obtamed with these networks, certain key design principles have begun to emerge, principles that can be used to design new computer networks in a more structured way than has tradltmnally been the case. Chmf among these principles is the notion of structuring a network as a hmrarchy of layers, each one built upon the previous one. This paper is a tutorial about such network hierarchies, using the Reference Model of Open Systems Interconnectmn developed by the International Organization for Standardization as a grade. Numerous examples are gwen to illustrate the principles.
Observation of spin-glass behavior in homogeneous (Ga,Mn)N layers grown by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy (2003)

We present a detailed study of the magnetic properties of (Ga,Mn)N layers grown directly on 4H-SiC substrates by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that homogeneous (Ga,Mn)N alloys of high crystal quality can be synthesized by this growth method up to a Mn-content of 10--12 %. Using a variety of magnetization experiments (temperature-dependent dc magnetization, isothermal remanent magnetization, frequency and field dependent ac susceptibility), we demonstrate that insulating (Ga,Mn)N alloys represent a Heisenberg spin-glass with a spin-freezing temperature around 4.5 K. We discuss the origins of this spin-glass characteristics in terms of the deep-acceptor nature of Mn in GaN and the resulting insulating character of this compound.
Simulated Annealing Study of the Structure and Reducibility in Ceria Clusters (1996)

The structure and reducibility of ceria clusters was investigated using simulated annealing and interionic potentials, given by Sayle and co-workers (Sayle, T. X. T.; Parker, S. C.; Catlow, C. R. A. Surf. Sci. 1994, 316, 329), which include terms for ionic and van der Waals interactions, overlap repulsions, and ion polarizability. For CenO2n, the lattice energies, pair-distribution functions, and angular-distribution functions were determined for the crystals at 0 K for n = 2−20 and n = 50. As expected, the lattice energy decreased with n. Only for the largest cluster was the fluorite structure clearly observed. This cluster also exhibited (111) surface facets, indicating that this is the most stable surface. The reducibility of the clusters was determined from the difference in lattice energies of CenO2n and CenO2n-1, where charge neutrality was maintained by changing two Ce4+ ions to Ce3+. The energy required to reduce the cluster generally increased with increasing cluster size, but large fluctuations were also observed. These results generally agree with the experimental observations that reduction of ceria is structure sensitive and that larger crystals are more difficult to reduce.
Prognostic value of microRNA expression in operable non-small cell lung cancer patients (2014)

We identified three new miRNAs predictive of distant relapse in operable SCC. Future miRNA studies should account for differences between NSCLC subtypes.
"Fire": "Fire out" (1907)

Journal Article "Fire": "Fire out" Get access C. C. B. C. C. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-VIII, Issue 185, 13 July 1907, Page 37, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-VIII.185.37g Published: 13 July 1907
Hepatitis C Virus E2 Protein May Enhance the Expression of Fibrosis-Related Molecules of Hepatic Stellate Cells (2008)

Background and aim: Chronic infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) may lead to hepatic fibrosis and the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: In this study, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were transiently transfected with a HCV E2-expression vector and subjected to semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting to see the impact of E2 protein on the expression levels of certain molecules involved in fibrogenesis Results: The expression of E2 protein may promote the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, and collagen alpha(I) in a time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, mRNA levels of several pro-fibrosis or pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TGF-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), IL-6 and IL-1β, were significantly increased in E2 transfected-HSC cell lines, while the protein level and activity of MMP-s are also considerably increased. Conclusion: Taken together, E2 protein may involve in the hepatic fibrogenesis via an up-regulation of fibrosis-related proteins.
Tunneling in In0.53Ga0.47As-InP double-barrier structures (1987)

We report the first observation of tunneling through In0.53Ga0.47As-InP double-barrier structures at 77 and 4.2 K. The tunneling peaks occur at voltages close to the predicted values of the subband levels of the quantum well. The observed values are symmetrical about zero bias, unlike the results for similar structures in the AlGaAs-GaAs system. The measured peak-to-valley ratios are low, being near to unity. This result is attributed to the presence of a large leakage current caused by conduction at the edges of the devices. We also report the observation of minima in the conductance curves due to the resonance levels in the continuum of states above the quantum well.
Hydrodéchloration sélective du 1,2-dichloroéthane en éthylène sur un catalyseur xérogel Pd-Ag/SiO2 (1997)

peer reviewed
BSS: a new approach for watermark attack (2003)

Digital watermarking is an enabling technology to prove ownership on copyrighted material, detect originators of illegally made copies, monitor the usage of copyrighted multimedia data, and analyze the spread spectrum of data over networks and servers. Most watermarking methods for images and video can be viewed as a communications problem in which the watermark must be transmitted and received through a watermark channel. This channel includes distortions resulting from attacks and interference from the original digital data. It is well accepted that an effective watermarking scheme may be described as the secure, imperceptible, robust communication of information by direct embedding in, and retrieval from, digital data. For verifying the security and robustness of watermarking algorithms, specific attacks have to be applied to test them. By using a theoretical approach based on random processes, signal processes, and communication theory, we propose a stochastic formulation of a new watermarking attack using a blind source separation-based concept. The proposed attack considers the watermarking channel as a "black-box". A host image was passed through the "black-box", which includes the watermarking embedding process, and then the watermarked image was produced The watermarked image is viewed as linear mixtures of unknown source signals, and we attempt to recover sources from their linear mixtures without resorting to any prior knowledge by using blind source separation theory.
Dynamic hardware-assisted software-controlled page placement to manage capacity allocation and sharing within large caches (2009)

In future multi-cores, large amounts of delay and power will be spent accessing data in large L2/L3 caches. It has been recently shown that OS-based page coloring allows a non-uniform cache architecture (NUCA) to provide low latencies and not be hindered by complex data search mechanisms. In this work, we extend that concept with mechanisms that dynamically move data within caches. The key innovation is the use of a shadow address space to allow hardware control of data placement in the L2 cache while being largely transparent to the user application and off-chip world. These mechanisms allow the hardware and OS to dynamically manage cache capacity per thread as well as optimize placement of data shared by multiple threads. We show an average IPC improvement of 10-20% for multi-programmed workloads with capacity allocation policies and an average IPC improvement of 8% for multi-threaded workloads with policies for shared page placement.
Combination of Interacting Multiple Models with the Particle Filter for Three‐Dimensional Target Tracking in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Tracking underwater targets is a focused application area in modern underwater defence systems. Using traditional techniques based on imaging or sensor arrays may be difficult and impractical in some mission‐critical systems. Alternatively, the underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is able to offer a promising solution. This paper tackles the problem of accurately tracking underwater targets moving through the UWSN environment. This problem is considered nonlinear and non‐Gaussian where the present solution methods based on the particle filter technique are powerful and simple to implement. For three‐dimensional underwater maneuvering target tracking, the traditional particle filter tracking algorithm may fail to track the targets robustly and accurately. Thus, the interacting multiple model method is combined with the particle filter to cope with uncertainties in target maneuvers. Simulation results show that the proposed method is a promising substitute for the traditional imaging‐based or sensor‐based approaches.
Single electron and few electron memory cells (2003)

Memory cells based on single electron devices fabricated with silicon technology will be required if the progress of memories to the multi-gigascale together with high speed operation is to be achieved. Single electron charging effects in nanowires of silicon or polysilicon can be coupled to conventional MOSFETs or tunnelling barrier structures can be placed at the gate of the MOSFET to make memory cells. Although some of these structures only work at low temperatures some have also demonstrated room temperature operation.
Ion Transport Properties of Six Lithium Salts Dissolved in γ-Butyrolactone Studied by Self-Diffusion and Ionic Conductivity Measurements (2003)

The self-diffusion coefficients of the lithium ion, anion, and solvent in electrolytes prepared by dissolving six lithium salts and lithium bis(oxalateborate)) in γ-butyrolactone (GBL) were measured using pulsed gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance. The ionic conductivity calculated from the ion self-diffusion coefficients was compared with the electrochemically measured ionic conductivity. In each sample, GBL diffused the fastest, followed by the anion and then the lithium ion. The diffusion of the solvent and cation were insensitive to the anions. On average each lithium ion was solvated by about two GBL molecules. The hydrodynamic size of the anions normalized by their respective van der Waals radius was determined and almost independent of the salt concentration for and but increased with salt concentration for and due to ion association. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.