gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysozyme as an alternative to growth promoting antibiotics in swine production (2015)

Lysozyme is a naturally occurring enzyme found in bodily secretions such as tears, saliva, and milk. It functions as an antimicrobial agent by cleaving the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to cell death. Antibiotics are also antimicrobials and have been fed at subtherapeutic levels to swine as growth promoters. These compounds benefit swine producers by minimizing production losses by increasing feed efficiency and decreasing susceptibility to bacterial infection and disease. This manuscript reviews the knowledge of the effects of lysozyme, as compared to traditional subtherapeutic antibiotics in swine feed, on pig performance and health. It is clear from decades of studies that antibiotic use in feeds increases pig performance, particularly in the nursery. Similarly, lysozyme, as a feed additive, increases growth and feed efficiency. While the mechanism by which antibiotics and lysozyme improve performance is not clearly understood, both of these feed additives improve gastrointestinal health, improve the metabolic profile, and alter the gastrointestinal bacteria ecology of swine. Therefore, lysozyme is a suitable alternative to growth-promoting subtherapeutic antibiotic use in swine feed.
Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence Platforms Based on Plasmonic Ordered Copper Arrays: Wavelength Dependence of Quenching and Enhancement Effects (2013)

Ordered arrays of copper nanostructures were fabricated and modified with porphyrin molecules in order to evaluate fluorescence enhancement due to the localized surface plasmon resonance. The nanostructures were prepared by thermally depositing copper on the upper hemispheres of two-dimensional silica colloidal crystals. The wavelength at which the surface plasmon resonance of the nanostructures was generated was tuned to a longer wavelength than the interband transition region of copper (>590 nm) by controlling the diameter of the underlying silica particles. Immobilization of porphyrin monolayers onto the nanostructures was achieved via self-assembly of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid, which also suppressed the oxidation of the copper surface. The maximum fluorescence enhancement of porphyrin by a factor of 89.2 was achieved as compared with that on a planar Cu plate (CuP) due to the generation of the surface plasmon resonance. Furthermore, it was found that while the fluorescence from the porphyrin was quenched within the interband transition region, it was efficiently enhanced at longer wavelengths. It was demonstrated that the enhancement induced by the proximity of the fluorophore to the nanostructures was enough to overcome the highly efficient quenching effects of the metal. From these results, it is speculated that the surface plasmon resonance of copper has tremendous potential for practical use as high functional plasmonic sensor and devices.
Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Some Racemic 1-Acetoxy-2-arylpropanes. (1994)

Racemic 1-acetoxy-2-phenylpropane (12) and 1-acetoxy-2-(2-naphthyl)propane (33) were hydrolyzed with lipase at 35-36 degrees C for 2 and 24 h to give predominantly (S)-2-phenyl-1-propanol (11) and (S)-2-(2-naphthyl)-1-propanol (32), respectively. However, racemic 1-acetoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propane (25) was recovered intact even when the reaction was carried out for 240 h. On the other hand, the enantioselectivities towards racemic 2-phenyl (16), 2-(p-tolyl) (20), 2-(1-naphthyl) (28), and 2-(2-naphthyl) (36) derivatives of 1-acetoxy-2-propanol were very low.
Autonomic dysfunction (sweating responses) in multiple sclerosis. (1968)

Bladder disturbances andsexual impotence are commonanddistressing disorders occurring inmultiplesclerosis. Miller, Simpson, andYeates (1965) foundbladder complaints occurring atsometimeof thedisease in78%of297patients, andin52%of themithadpersisted foroversixmonths, while sexual impotence duetophysical disease occurred in 44%oftheir patients. Although these disturbances areknowntoarise frominvolvement ofperipheral orcentral autonomic pathways (Kuntz, 1947; Bors andComarr, 1960), thelesions ofmultiple sclerosis arerestricted tothecentral nervous system and consequently theymustarise fromdisruption of central pathways. To ourknowledge nospecific study hasbeenmadeon autonomic dysfunction occurring inmultiple sclerosis. Wehave, accordingly, investigated thesympathetic nervous system inthis disease bymeansofeliciting thesweating responses toheat, todrugs, andto distension oftheurinary bladder, since these procedures areeasytocarry outandcanberepeated withconsistent results. METHOD
Broadband cylindrical‐cavity directional filter (1993)

Abstract The diplexing bandwidth of a cylindrical‐cavity directional filter is restricted of coupling of the coupling hole, which is installed in order to excite a circular polarization on the common walls of the input and output rectangular waveguides and in the adjacent cylindrical cavity. This paper proposes a method of increasing the coupling of circular polarization by means of an iris‐loaded cross‐coupling hole (consisting of an iris mounted on the crossed‐coupling hole of a rectangular waveguide). The results of analysis of the magnetic field distribution and the magnetic field intensity in a rectangular waveguide loaded with an iris are described. It shown that the iris‐loaded cross‐coupling hole is effective in exciting a circular polarization and increasing coupling. The results of a trial fabrication of a directional filter using this type of coupling hole are presented. In the case of a three‐stage maximally flat K band filter, a passband relative bandwidth of 2.7 percent was obtained. This bandwidth is three times as great as in conventional filters. Hence, the range of application of the cylindrical cavity directional filter has been extended.
The Uniform Law Movement in Australia (1963)

Journal Article The Uniform Law Movement in Australia Get access Richard H. Leach Richard H. Leach 1Richard H. Leach is Associate Professor of Political Science, Duke University. Most of the material for this article was gadiered by interview during a visit to Australia in the summer and fall of 1961. The author wishes to thank the Department of Political Science and die University Council on Research of Duke University for supporting the over-all project and particularly to diank Sir Kenneth Bailey, Solicitor-General of Australia, who led him toward an interest and, he hopes, an understanding of this subject Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 12, Issue 2, Spring 1963, Pages 206–223, https://doi.org/10.2307/838505 Published: 01 April 1963
Design of Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filters With Fixed and Reconfigurable Notch Bands Using Terminated Cross-Shaped Resonators (2014)

In this paper, a novel terminated cross-shaped resonator (TCSR) is analyzed and used to design ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filters (BPFs) with fixed and reconfigurable notch bands. It is found that the TCSR can exhibit a maximum three poles and two zeros when open and short terminations are applied. The intrinsic zero is simply used for the implementation of notch bands offering systematic design and flexible tuning capabilities. Bandwidth can also be kept unchanged when tuning a notch within the UWB passband. In contrast to common band-notched UWB BPFs using additional notch resonators, only a single TCSR is required to realize band-notched UWB filters. Three UWB BPF prototypes, including a four-pole filter with 94.7% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and a notch band at 5.8 GHz, a five-pole filter with 111% FBW and dual notch bands at 4.3/9.1 GHz, and a four-pole filter with 82.4% FBW and reconfigurable notch band from 4.6 to 6.5 GHz are designed and experimentally characterized. Their experimental characterizations are in good agreement with theoretical analysis validating a simple approach of band-notched UWB BPF design.
Hydroxycinnamoyl: Coenzyme A Transferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl Triglucoside) in Pisum sativum (1977)

The major flavonoids of Pisum are derivatives of kaempferol and quercetin, including both triglucosides and acylated triglucosides in which the acyl group is p-coumaric acid. Although hydroxycinnamic acid esters of flavonoids are common pigments in many plants, neither the enzymes nor the precursors involved in their biosynthesis have been demonstrated. We report here that crude enzyme preparations extracted from peas catalyze the transfer of the p-coumaroyl moiety of p-coumaroyl:Coenzyme A to kaempferol-3-triglucoside forming kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl triglucoside) as the acylated product. The reaction product has been vigorously shown to be identical to the naturally occurring kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl triglucoside) in both chromatographic and chemical properties. The enzymatic formation of the acylated derivative occurred only minimally when incubated with the cofactors required for carboxyl group activation (ligase) and maximally when incubated with p-coumaroyl : Coenzyme A as the acyl donor.
New Naturally Occurring Amino Acids (1969)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Finite-element simulation of blood perfusion in muscle tissue during compression and sustained contraction (1997)

Mechanical interaction between tissue stress and blood perfusion in skeletal muscles plays an important role in blood flow impediment during sustained contraction. The exact mechanism of this interaction is not clear, and experimental investigation of this mechanism is difficult. We developed a finite-element model of the mechanical behavior of blood-perfused muscle tissue, which accounts for mechanical blood-tissue interaction in maximally vasodilated vasculature. Verification of the model was performed by comparing finite-element results of blood pressure and flow with experimental measurements in a muscle that is subject to well-controlled mechanical loading conditions. In addition, we performed simulations of blood perfusion during tetanic, isometric contraction and maximal vasodilation in a simplified, two-dimensional finite-element model of a rat calf muscle. A vascular waterfall in the venous compartment was identified as the main cause for blood flow impediment both in the experiment and in the finite-element simulations. The validated finite-element model offers possibilities for detailed analysis of blood perfusion in three-dimensional muscle models under complicated loading conditions.
In Vivo Application of Tissue-Engineered Veins Using Autologous Peripheral Whole Blood: A Proof of Concept Study (2014)

Vascular diseases are increasing health problems affecting > 25 million individuals in westernized societies. Such patients could benefit from transplantation of tissue-engineered vascular grafts using autologous cells. One challenge that has limited this development is the need for cell isolation, and risks associated with ex vivo expanded stem cells. Here we demonstrate a novel approach to generate transplantable vascular grafts using decellularized allogeneic vascular scaffolds, repopulated with peripheral whole blood (PWB) in vitro in a bioreactor. Circulating, VEGFR-2 +/CD45 + and a smaller fraction of VEGFR-2 +/CD14 + cells contributed to repopulation of the graft. SEM micrographs showed flat cells on the luminal surface of the grafts consistent with endothelial cells. For clinical validation, two autologous PWB tissue-engineered vein conduits were prepared and successfully used for by-pass procedures in two pediatric patients. These results provide a proof of principle for the generation of transplantable vascular grafts using a simple autologous blood sample, making it clinically feasible globally.
Block-decoded sense-amplifier driver for high-speed sensing in DRAM's (1992)

Safe sensing of the weak cell signal in DRAMs with low sense signals and fast sensing with low peak currents, both important design demands in 64- and 256-Mb DRAM development, are addressed. A block-decoded sense-amplifier driver concept is proposed. Optimized trigger pulse shapes are formed with local driver circuits to achieve high sensing safety at the beginning of the sensing period as well as fast amplification in the cell block containing the addressed memory cell. The nonaddressed blocks are triggered more slowly to reduce the peak current. Thus, reliable sensing of small initial sense signals is obtained in the shortest possible time, while the total current is kept small. As an example, for a 16-Mb DRAM, the sensing time-and hence the access time-can be reduced by at least 5 ns and is about 50% of the conventional sensing time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Preparation and Properties of Boron Phosphides and Arsenides<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Properties of Boron Phosphides and Arsenides1Forrest V. Williams and Robert A. RuehrweinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 6, 1330–1332Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01491a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01491a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views935Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive FEC Scheme For Layered Multimedia Streaming over Wired/Wireless Channels (2005)

In wireless communication, noise and channel fluctuation often cause bit errors and subsequently the packet loss, which has different characteristic from the loss from network congestion. For most congestion control algorithms, the packet loss information serves as an index of network congestion and is used for effective rate adjustment; therefore wireless packet loss can mistakenly lead to dramatic performance degradation. We discuss the reasons leading to packet loss and propose a packet loss classification (PLC) algorithm that is based on trend detection of relative one-way trip time. With the assistance of PLC, not only can the wireless loss be separated from the congestion loss, the wireless packet error rate can be also estimated. With the combined information, the new adaptive congestion control algorithm is constructed so that a receiver can acquire an appropriate share of bandwidth. The transmitted data is protected by adaptive maximum distance separable erasure codes according to the wireless channel condition and end-to-end available bandwidth
Zinc supplementation suppresses 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat oral carcinogenesis (2011)

Dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of human oral-esophageal cancers. In rats, Zn deficiency causes increased cell proliferation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression and enhances oral carcinogenesis by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (NQO). Zn replenishment reverses all these effects. We questioned whether Zn has antitumor efficacy in a Zn-sufficient animal by investigating in Zn-sufficient rats (i) the efficacy of Zn supplementation on the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinogenesis induced by drinking water exposure to high (20-30 p.p.m.) and low (10 p.p.m.) doses of NQO and (ii) the modulating effects of Zn supplementation on biomarker expression in tongue lesions by immunohistochemistry. In rats exposed to high doses of NQO, Zn supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of papillomas from 100 to 64.7% (P=0.018) and invasive carcinomas from 93.8 to 52.9% (P=0.017). In rats exposed to low doses of NQO, where only minimally invasive carcinomas developed, Zn supplementation significantly reduced tumor multiplicity, incidence of tumors (1-2 mm), hyperplasia, dysplasia, papillomas and progression to carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of carcinomas showed that Zn supplementation caused a shift to a less proliferative/aggressive cancer phenotype by reducing cell proliferation, stimulating apoptosis and decreasing expression of the key tumor markers cyclin D1, p53 and COX-2. Additionally, Zn supplementation significantly reduced cell proliferation in non-lesional tongue squamous epithelia, thereby suppressing tumor development. Together, the results demonstrate that Zn supplementation has chemopreventive efficacy against oral carcinogenesis in nutritionally complete animals. Our data suggest that Zn supplementation may be efficacious in the chemoprevention of human oral cancer.
Human α-galactosidase A: glycosylation site 3 is essential for enzyme solubility (1998)

Human alpha-galactosidase A (EC 3.2.1.22; alpha-Gal A) is the homodimeric glycoprotein that hydrolyses the terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins. The type, site occupancy and function of the N-linked oligosaccharide chains on this lysosomal hydrolase were determined. Endoglycosidase treatment of the purified recombinant enzyme and mutagenesis studies indicated that three (Asn-139, Asn-192 and Asn-215) of the four potential N-glycosylation consensus sequences were occupied by complex, high-mannose and hybrid-type oligosaccharides respectively. When expressed in COS-1 cells, glycoforms with glycosylation site 1 or 2 obliterated had more than 70% of wild-type activity, and both glycoforms were secreted. In contrast, the glycoform with only site 3 eliminated had decreased activity (less than 40%); little, if any, was secreted. Expressed mutant glycoforms in which site 3 and site 1 or 2 were obliterated had little, if any, intracellular or secreted enzymic activity, and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the expressed mutant glycoforms were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, presumably where they were degraded. Thus glycosylation at site 3 was crucial to the formation of soluble, active enzyme, as well as transport to the lysosome. Absence of the site 3 hybrid-type oligosaccharide exposed an adjacent, normally protected, hydrophobic region, resulting in aggregation of the enzyme polypeptide in the endoplasmic reticulum. In support of this concept, endoglycosidase H-treated enzyme or mannose-terminated enzyme expressed in Autographa californica cells also aggregated when concentrated, emphasizing that site 3 occupancy by a hybrid-type oligosaccharide was required for enzyme solubility.
Fission of opinions in subjective logic (2009)

Opinion fusion in subjective logic consists of combining separate observers' opinions about the same frame of discernment. The principle of fission is the opposite of fusion, namely to split an opinion into two separate opinions which when fused would produce the original opinion. Different fusion methods can be applied, depending on the situation to be modelled. The cumulative fusion operator and the averaging fusion operator are defined for subjective opinions, and for belief functions in general. This paper describes fission of opinions which is the opposite of cumulative fusion. The fission operator can for example be applied to transforming trust networks with dependent trust paths into trust networks in canonical form where all trust paths are independent.
Vaginal suppositories containing<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>: development and characterization (2014)

Hollow-type suppositories showed to be promising delivery vehicles for vaginal delivery of probiotics.
High precision magnetically driven microtools with ultrasonic vibration for enucleation of oocytes (2010)

This paper presents innovative driving method for the magnetically driven microtools (MMT) which is micrometer positioning accuracy by horizontally arranged permanent magnets. A piezoelectric ceramic is used to induce nanoscale vibration to the microfluidic chip to reduce the friction on the MMT. The enucleation process has been conducted by the dual arm MMTs. MMTs receive enough driving power supplied by permanent magnets and their positioning accuracy is adequate to cut oocytes precisely. It takes only 5 seconds to cut the nucleus and the removed area is less than 25 percent of the original oocyte.
Real-time optical signal processors employing optical feedback: amplitude and phase control (1976)

The development of real-time coherent optical signal processors has increased the appeal of optical computing techniques in signal processing applications. A major limitation of these real-time systems is the. fact that the optical processing material is generally of a phase-only type. The result is that the spatial filters synthesized with these systems must be either phase-only filters or amplitude-only filters. The main concern of this paper is the application of optical feedback techniques to obtain simultaneous and independent amplitude and phase control of the light passing through the system. It is shown that optical feedback techniques may be employed with phase-only spatial filters to obtain this amplitude and phase control. The feedback system with phase-only filters is compared with other feedback systems that employ combinations of phase-only and amplitude-only filters; it is found that the phase-only system is substantially more flexible than the other two systems investigated.
The disturbance of metabolism produced by bony and non-bony injury, with notes on certain abnormal conditions of bone (1930)

THE present communication is an attempt to elucidate certain of the grosser changes in the mineral metabolism of the body during the healing of a fractured bone, and to describe certain of the phenomena associated with tissue injury.