gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Report on Volatile Acids in Distilled Spirits (1940)

Journal Article Report on Volatile Acids in Distilled Spirits Get access G F Beyer G F Beyer Associate Referee Alcohol Tax Unit, Bureau of Internal Revenue, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 23, Issue 2, 1 May 1940, Pages 192–194, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/23.2.192 Published: 21 February 2020
Return loss characterization and analysis of high-speed serial interface (2015)

This paper describes the return loss characterization and analysis of a high-speed serial interface with T-coils at the transmitter and receiver. Today's high-speed links utilize equalization to mitigate channel loss and dispersion. In addition, T-coil networks are used at inputs and outputs to improve impedance matching and to enhance the receiver and transmitter bandwidth. To guarantee the transceiver performance, a wide range of Serializer Deserializer (SerDes) compliance specifications exist for the return loss measured at or near the package interface and the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). For multi-protocol SerDes, thus, T-coil networks are often necessary to meet the most stringent return loss specification. This paper presents the analysis and characterization of a high-speed transceiver with T-coils designed in a 28 nm CMOS process. Measurements are also presented to demonstrate the improvement in return loss and bandwidth of the transceiver.
<i>Beta</i>-adrenergic-receptor-mediated suppression of interleukin 2 receptors in human lymphocytes. (1987)

Adrenergic receptor agonists are known to attenuate the proliferative response of human lymphocytes after activation; however, their mechanism of action is unknown. Since expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors is a prerequisite for proliferation, the effect of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists on lymphocyte IL-2 receptors was studied on both mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes and IL-2-dependent T lymphocyte cell lines. In both cell types the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol blocked the expression of IL-2 receptors, as determined with the IL-2 receptor anti-TAC antibody. To determine the effect of beta-adrenergic agonists on expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptors, [125I]IL-2 binding studies were performed at concentrations selective for high affinity sites. No significant effect of beta-adrenergic agonists on high affinity IL-2 receptor sites could be detected. The data demonstrate that beta-adrenergic receptor agonists down-regulate IL-2 receptors primarily affecting low affinity sites.
The Sintering of Supported Pd Automotive Catalysts (2011)

Abstract This work is directed at investigating the contribution of metal particle sintering to catalyst deactivation in close‐coupled automotive catalysts that are aged at elevated temperatures. We focus on the evolution of metal particle sizes in Pd/Al 2 O 3 under conditions typically used for accelerated aging of automotive exhaust catalysts (10 mol % H 2 O at 900 °C). By using multiple analytical techniques (transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, chemisorption, and CO oxidation) we can determine the role of support surface area collapse (encapsulation) versus metal particle sintering. The final dispersion (% metal atoms exposed) after sintering for 96 h ranged from 1.94 to 0.86 % for metal loadings ranging from 0.1 to 7.0 wt % (a 70‐fold variation). Thus, it appears that metal loading (over the range studied) has only a limited effect on the final dispersion in the sintered catalyst. The sintering kinetics were found to obey a relationship d n − ${d{{n\hfill \atop 0\hfill}}}$ = kt for which the exponent n is approximately 2.0 and d is the number average particle diameter at time t . This relationship and the fact that metal particle size continues to grow with time are both consistent with Ostwald ripening as the dominant mechanism. Furthermore, no limiting (equilibrium) particle size was achieved within the sintering times studied here (up to 200 h). These results have important implications for the design of thermally stable automotive catalysts.
Glycerol and Methylglyoxal Metabolism (2005)

The metabolic connection between glycerol and methylglyoxal (MG) is principally that DHAP, which is an intermediate in the aerobic breakdown of glycerol, is also the major precursor of MG, being the substrate for methylglyoxal synthase (MGS). The synthesis of MG is a consequence of unbalanced metabolism related either to a limitation for phosphate or to excessive carbon flux through the pathways that have the capacity to generate significant pools of DHAP. Cells producing MG produce a poison as an intermediate strategy for survival of metabolic imbalance. Indeed the panoply of metabolic regulation in this sector of catabolism can be seen as a strategy to avoid death by self-poisoning. Glycerol entry into Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is facilitated by the aquaglyceroporin, GlpF. A homologous protein in serovar Typhimurium, PduF, facilitates the entry of 1,2-propanediol (Ppd) and is part of the Ppd metabolic pathway. MGS catalyzes the elimination of phosphate from DHAP, forming an enzyme-bound enediol(ate) intermediate that is released from the enzyme, followed by release of inorganic phosphate. The enzyme is highly specific for DHAP. Multiple MG detoxification pathways are found in both E. coli and serovar Typhimurium, but the dominant pathway is the GSH-dependent glyoxalase III system. The KefB and KefC systems have evolved to provide protection during detoxification of electrophiles. KefB and KefC are GSH-gated K+ efflux systems that are activated by the formation and binding of glutathione adducts that are generated during detoxification.
Evaluation of an Automated Liquid Hybridization Method for DNA Quantitation (2004)

The AluQuant (Promega Corporation) liquid hybridization DNA quantitation method was evaluated on an automated robotic platform (Biomek 2000, Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA) for use in forensic PCR-STR systems. DNA from bloodstains and buccal swabs was extracted by three different methods: Chelex, Qiagen and DNA IQ (Promega). Samples were quantitated using both the Quantiblot and the AluQuant systems. Concordance between methods was determined by comparing the average AluQuant DNA concentrations for samples having matching (binned) Quantiblot values. Studies testing the "accuracy" (STR analysis), precision, sensitivity, and specifies specificity of the AluQuant method were also conducted. The effect of inhibitors (carpet, denim, and suede) was evaluated. The results indicate that the AluQuant quantitation system equals the Quantiblot system in "accuracy", sensitivity, precision, and primate-specificity. While extracts from denim and suede affected (inhibited) both systems minimally, the carpet extracts produced a sharp increase in DNA quantitation values in the AluQuant but not the Quantiblot system. The speed and user-friendliness of the AluQuant system on a robotic platform offer specific advantages to the forensic community.
Cyclin G1 regulates the outcome of taxane-induced mitotic checkpoint arrest (2011)

Anti-mitotic chemotherapeutic agents such as taxanes activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to arrest anaphase onset, but taxane-exposed cells eventually undergo slippage to exit mitosis. The therapeutic efficacy of taxanes depends on whether slippage after SAC arrest culminates in continued cell survival, or in death by apoptosis. However, the mechanisms that determine these outcomes remain unclear. Here, we identify a novel role for cyclin G1 (CCNG1), an atypical cyclin. Increased CCNG1 expression accompanies paclitaxel-induced, SAC-mediated mitotic arrest, independent of p53 integrity or signaling through the SAC component, BUBR1. CCNG1 overexpression promotes cell survival after paclitaxel exposure. Conversely, CCNG1 depletion by RNA interference delays slippage and enhances paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, CCNG1 amplification is associated with significantly shorter post-surgical survival in patients with ovarian cancer who have received adjuvant chemotherapy with taxanes and platinum compounds. Collectively, our findings implicate CCNG1 in regulating slippage and the outcome of taxane-induced mitotic arrest, with potential implications for cancer therapy.
A STUDY OF TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE EVALUATION OF EXTRAVEHICULAR PROTECTIVE GARMENTS (1966)

The purpose of this study was to establish a test methodology and a test system for objective, quantitative, and accurate evaluation of extravehicular space protective garments. Areas of testing studied include functional performance, life support, and environmental protection. Emphasis is placed on the problem of suit torque restraints, i. e., mobility. Concepts for appropriate evaluation criteria are discussed. The information presented and conclusions reached are the results of experience in suit testing, technical analysis, search of the literature, and discussions with experts. The nature and causes of suit torque restraint are discussed and a pin jointed model is developed for precise description of suit torques and body interlink angles. Various techniques for torque vector and body angle measurements are explored and it is concluded that a powered articulated dummu and an intrasuit exoskeletal electrogoniometer with off-line computer coupling are required to produce accurate data and useful figures of merit. Measurement techniques for reach envelope, glove evaluation, and comfort are also discussed.
Differential regulation of IL-6 gene transcription and expression by IL-4 and IL-10 in human monocytic cell lines (1996)

IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit the cytokine production and mRNA expression by monocytes/macrophages. To investigate the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effect on transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation of IL-6 gene expression by IL-4 and IL-10, we studied IL-6 production, expression level of IL-6 mRNA, IL-6 promoter activity, transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB and NF-IL-6, and IL-6 mRNA stability in human monocytic cell lines, THP-1 and U937, stimulated by PMA and LPS in the absence or the presence of IL-4 or IL-10. Both IL-4 and IL-10 were seen to inhibit IL-6 production and the expression of IL-6 mRNA in both monocytic cell lines studied. In chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays, utilizing the transient transfection of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter plasmid containing the IL-6 gene promoter, IL-4, but not IL-10, suppressed the transcriptional activity of the IL-6 gene promoter stimulated by PMA and LPS. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that IL-4, but not IL-10, inhibited nuclear NF-kappaB activity, and that IL-4 and IL-10 did not affect NF-IL-6 activity. On the other hand, IL-10 enhanced the degradation of IL-6 mRNA in a mRNA stability assay. These results suggest that IL-4 may inhibit the transcription of the IL-6 gene by affecting NF-kappaB binding activity, while IL-10 may inhibit the IL-6 mRNA levels post-transcriptionally, without suppressing promoter activity. Therefore, we conclude that IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit IL-6 production by different mechanisms in human monocytic cell lines.
National Health Accounts in Developing Countries: Appropriate Methods and Recent Applications (1997)

Better information on the financing of the health sector is an essential basis for wise policy change in the area of health sector reform. Analysis of health care financing should begin with sound estimates of national health expenditure--total spending, the contributions to spending from different sources and the claims on spending by different uses of the funds. The member countries of the OECD have successfully established such comparative health expenditure accounts in terms of standardized definitions of the uses of funds and breakdowns by public and private sector sources. This has resulted in important research on health system differences which could explain variations in the level and composition of financing. The United States has developed a more detailed approach called National Health Accounts, which expands the OECD method into a more disaggregated 'sources and uses' matrix. In the developing countries, analysis of health expenditures has been much less systematic, despite several decades of calls by international researchers for more attention. This paper reviews previous work done in developing countries and proposes renewed attention to national health expenditures, adapting the recent experience of the United States. Because most developing countries have more pluralistic health financing structures than are found in most industrialized countries, an enhanced and adapted version of the 'sources and uses' matrix method is proposed. This method should be modified to address the relevant categories of expenditures prevalent in the developing countries. Examples of recent applications of such 'national health accounts' from the Philippines, Egypt, India, Mexico, Colombia and Zambia are presented. Experience to date suggests that development of sound estimates using this method in low and middle income countries is feasible and affordable. National health accounts estimates can significantly influence policy. They provide decision makers with a holistic picture of the health sector, showing the actual emphasis of spending and the roles of different payers. They also provide a consistent framework for modelling reforms and for monitoring the effects of changes in financing and provision. An easy to use software tool has been developed for training and data management. Regional networks of collaborating national groups are proposed as a first step in expanding use of the method and to gain both national and cross-national comparative benefits.
Manufacture of a 10-km-scale radius-of-curvature surface by use of a thin-film coating technique (2005)

We tried a method of making a 10-km-class large-radius-of-curvature surface that would satisfy both low microroughness (0.1 nm rms) and low waviness (lambda/100) by forming a spherically curved film with a low-loss coating technique on a flat surface produced by mechanical (chemical) polishing. We obtained a SiO2 surface with a 10255 +/- 250-m radius of spherical curvature that had less than lambda/30 waviness and 0.4-nm micro-roughness over a 9-cm-diameter area.
Noise analysis for 3‐point chemical shift‐based water‐fat separation with spectral modeling of fat (2010)

The optimal echo combination that provides the best SNR performance for water using spectral modeling of fat is very similar to previous optimizations that modeled fat as a single peak. Therefore, the optimal echo spacing commonly used for single fat peak models is adequate for most applications that use spectral modeling of fat.
Reversal of coenzyme specificity of 2,3‐butanediol dehydrogenase from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisae</i> and in vivo functional analysis (2009)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae NAD(H)-dependent 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh1), a medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase is the main enzyme catalyzing the reduction of acetoin to 2,3-butanediol. In this work we focused on altering the coenzyme specificity of Bdh1 from NAD(H) to NADP(H). Based on homology studies and the crystal structure of the NADP(H)-dependent yeast alcohol dehydrogenase Adh6, three adjacent residues (Glu(221), Ile(222), and Ala(223)) were predicted to be involved in the coenzyme specificity of Bdh1 and were altered by site-directed mutagenesis. Coenzyme reversal of Bdh1 was obtained with double Glu221Ser/Ile222Arg and triple Glu221Ser/Ile222Arg/Ala223Ser mutants. The performance of the triple mutant for NADPH was close to that of native Bdh1 for NADH. The three engineered mutants were able to restore the growth of a phosphoglucose isomerase deficient strain (pgi), which cannot grow on glucose unless an alternative NADPH oxidizing system is provided, thus demonstrating their in vivo functionality. These mutants are interesting tools to reduce the excess of acetoin produced by engineered brewing or wine yeasts overproducing glycerol. In addition, they represent promising tools for the manipulation of the NADP(H) metabolism and for the development of a powerful catalyst in biotransformations requiring NADPH regeneration.
Composition and role of the synaptonemal complex. (1984)

The role of the synaptonemal complex (SC) in synapsis during meiotic prophase is examined in spermatocytes and oocytes of mice heterozygous for rearrangements, using light and electron microscopy of whole mount spreads. The duration of cytologically-characterized substages provides a morphological time axis for synaptic events. At zygotene, synapsis is restricted to homologous regions. A second phase of synapsis, indifferent to homology, follows in early pachytene. By a progressive process of synaptic adjustment, SC configurations, such as duplication buckles and inversion loops, are regularly eliminated and form straight, non-homologously synapsed SCs by late pachytene. In the mouse, crossing over probably occurs during the period of homologous synapsis in the first half of pachytene, suggesting an association between recombination events and synaptic adjustment. During this period, a low level of DNA synthesis, distinct from S-phase replication, is found by 3H-thymidine autoradiography to be localized to the SC, as would be expected if repair synthesis involved with crossing over occurred in SC-associated DNA. This DNA synthesis reaches a peak in pachytene concurrently with synaptic adjustment, suggesting that the two events may be related, possibly through the mediation of DNA-binding SC proteins. Using immunocytological techniques to identify SC proteins, a monoclonal antibody has been isolated that binds to formed SCs but not unpaired axes. Apparently specific for a central region component, the antibody also binds to intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm of cultured somatic cells, indicating possible functional attributes common to the meiotic and mitotic proteins.
Plasma fluorination of graphite (1994)

Fluorinated graphites are low surface energy, thermally stable solids that have applications as moisture resistant lubricants, water repellents, release agents, and lithium battery cathodes. Conventional methods of synthesizing fluorinated graphite, however, make inefficient use of fluorine feed stocks, are time consuming and limited by safety considerations. In this article, we demonstrate that plasma processing techniques can be used to fluorinate graphite surfaces and thereby reduce the surface free energy from an untreated value of 50 mJ/m2 to as low as 7 mJ/m2. Pressed graphite pellets and graphite foils are exposed to nitrogen trifluoride and sulfur hexafluoride plasmas. Fluorination is monitored with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while liquid contact angle measurements are used to assess the free energy of the treated surfaces. Results indicate that significant surface fluorination can be achieved in exposure times of 10–15 min and with only modest plasma energies of 0.2 W/cm2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the formation of CF2 and CF covalent bonds. Fluorine depth profiles show that CF2 species predominate on the fluorinated graphite surface, while CF species are found in the subsurface at depths less than 100 Å.
Extraordinary emission from two-dimensional plasmonic-photonic crystals (2005)

A metallodielectric architecture is employed to readily tailor the spectral properties of a bulk material for application to infrared sources and spectroscopic sensors. We exploit the interaction between surface plasmons at a metal interface with a photonic crystal in silicon to control the spectral response of the surface in reflection, absorption, and emission. The design uses Si-based thermally isolated suspended bridge structures fabricated using conventional photolithography techniques. The tunable narrow spectral response is defined by the symmetry and periodicity of the metallodielectric photonic crystal. Individual subresonances are recognized within this bandwidth. We model their origin through calculations of surface-plasmon modes in the metallic grating overlayer. Periodic arrays of holes in thin metal layers lead to coupled plasmons at the two metal–dielectric interfaces that, in turn, couple to modes in the underlying silicon–air photonic crystal. The model provides crucial physical insight into the interaction between surface plasmons and photonic crystals, with good agreement with the experimental results.
Proton availability at the air/aerosol/water interface (2010)

The acidity of the water surface of aquated aerosols is examd. in expts. in which the uptake of gaseous trimethylamine,\nTMA, as TMAH+ on the surface of aquated aerosols is monitored via online electrospray mass spectrometry as a\nfunction of bulk pH, pHb. TMAH+ signal intensities track pHb along a titrn. curve displaying an equivalence point at pHb\n= 3.2, instead of the pKa(TMA) = 10.0 value measured on aq. TMA-HCl microdroplets. Inert X+ (X = Li, Na) cations,\nhowever, catalyze TMA uptake at pHb 4. The direct kinetic hydrogen isotope effects (1 < TMAH+/TMAD+ < 3.5 on\nH2O/D2O microdroplets) assocd. with TMA uptake enhancements reveal that they are driven by the competitive\nprotonation (vs. desorption) of interfacial TMA. These outcomes are consistent with thermochem. data on gas-phase\nclusters showing that TMA can be protonated by the stronger acid H2O only after extensive solvation, but readily so by\nH3O+ or small (H2O)n.4Li+ clusters at the interface. We infer that protons become available at the aerial interface of\nneat water about its isoelec. point pIw = 3.2 rather than below pHb 7, and over broader pHb ranges in the presence of\nother cations.