gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iridium Bis(phosphinite) <i>p</i>-XPCP Pincer Complexes:  Highly Active Catalysts for the Transfer Dehydrogenation of Alkanes (2004)

A series of new bis(phosphinite) p-XPCPIrHCl pincer complexes ([PCP = eta(3)-5-X-C(6)H(2)[OP(tBu)(2)](2)-1,3], X = MeO (4a), Me (4b), H (4c), F (4d), C(6)F(5) (4e), and Ar(F) [=3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] (4f)) have been synthesized. Treatment of compounds 4a-f with NatOBu in cyclooctane (COA)/tert-butylethylene (TBE) mixtures generates species with unprecedented catalytic activity for the catalyzed transfer dehydrogenation of COA with TBE as acceptor to form cyclooctene (COE) and tert-butylethane (TBA). With substrate:precatalyst ratios of 3030COA:3030TBE:1p-XPCPIrHCl (4):1.1NaOtBu, turnover numbers (TONs) between 1400 and 2200 (up to 72% conversion in TBE) and initial turnover frequencies (TOFs) between 1.6 and 2.4 s(-1) have been observed at 200 degrees C.
Deformation of poly(methyl methacrylate) after exposure to radiation and magnetic fields (2002)

It is demonstrated that prolonged treatment in a constant magnetic field considerably increases the creep rate under compression of poly(methyl methacrylate) samples irradiated with gamma-ray doses as high as 100 kGy. For higher irradiation doses, the effect of the magnetic field on the creep rate is insignificant.
Arthritis and the Role of the Physician in Nonmalignant Pain and Disability (2002)

Most adults will experience at least one episode of low back pain. It is the second most common symptom that prompts visits to the doctor's office. Back pain is subjective and often presents with few objective findings on a physical exam. It remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to many practitioners. Psychosocial and economic issues, such as litigation, workers' compensation claims and depression may have an impact on the management and treatment outcomes (Helfgott, MD, Simon M., 2001). Workers' compensation programs have a mandate to compensate only those who deserve compensation. Therefore, disability rating exists to sort out those who cannot work from those who will not work (Sullivan, MD, 1992). When treating chronic nonmalignant pain the physician should make a decision to either function as the patient's advocate or the rater of the patient's limitations. This will increase the likelihood of a healthy patient-physician relationship during what may be a very vulnerable and stressful period. It is very important to obtain sound acceptable documentation of the diseased patient's limitations by choosing the proper cost effective diagnostic studies, which are appropriate for each individual case. This will result in establishing an accurate and correct diagnosis. This process should lead to offering the patient treatment options designed to achieve pain reduction and improvement of his/her activity of daily living.
Catalytic conversion of canola oil to fuels and chemical feedstocks Part I. Effect of process conditions on the performance of HZSM‐5 catalyst (1986)

Abstract The conversion of canola oil to hydrocarbons using a shape selective zeolite catalyst is reported in this work. Canola oil was passed over HZSM‐5 catalyst in a fixed bed micro‐reactor and the effects of reaction temperature and oil space velocity on the conversion and selectivity were studied using a statistical experimental design. The results show that 60–95 wt% of the canola oil can be converted to hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range, light gases and water. The gasoline fraction contained 60–70 wt% of aromatic hydrocarbons and the gases were mostly C 3 and C 4 paraffins. Furthermore, the spent catalyst could be regenerated completely at 600°C in 1 h with dry air.
Small Molecular Weight GTP-binding Proteins in Human Platelet Membranes (1989)

When guanosine 5'-(3-O-[35S]thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S)-binding activity was assayed in the particulate and cytosol fractions of human platelets, most activity was found in the particulate fraction. GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) were extracted from the particulate fraction by sodium cholate and purified by several column chromatographies. At least three G proteins with Mr values of about 21,000, 22,000, and 24,000 (21K G, 22K G, and 24K G, respectively) were separated in addition to the stimulatory (Gs) and inhibitory (Gi) regulatory GTP-binding proteins of adenylate cyclase. Among them, the amount of 22K G was more than 10-fold of those of other G proteins. 22K G was purified to near homogeneity and characterized. 22K G specifically bound GTP gamma S, GTP, and GDP, with a Kd value for GTP gamma S of about 50 nM. [35S]GTP gamma S binding to 22K G was inhibited by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide. 22K G hydrolyzed GTP to liberate Pi, with a turnover number of 0.01 min-1. 22K G was not copurified with the beta gamma subunits of Gs and Gi and was not recognized by the antibodies against the ADP-ribosylation factor for Gs and the ras protein. The peptide map of 22K G was different from those of the smg-25A and rho proteins, which we have purified from bovine brain membranes. 21K G was identified to be the c-ras protein, but 24K G was unidentified. These results indicate that there are multiple G proteins in platelet membranes and that a novel G protein (22K G) is a major G protein in platelets.
Formation Damage Related to Hot Oiling (1987)

ABSTRACT Hot oiling as a paraffin removal process and general maintenance technique has been used for years in petroleum production. It is still one of the first tried methods of restoring low or lost production whether due to paraffin or mechanical problems. Hot oiling is so readily accepted that formation damage that develops over years may not be associated with the hot oiling process. The chances of hot oiling causing formation damage are related to the characteristics of the oil used (cloud point, API gravity, chain length of paraffin, percent of paraffin and volatility), the source of the oil, the downhole temperature of the formation and the hot oil process itself. Each of these areas of possible problems will be reviewed and suggestions will be made to minimize or eliminate them. Laboratory tests will be presented for determining if a crude could cause formation damage when used for hot oiling. Field results will be presented for successful cleanup of hot oiling produced formation damage.
Securing your Internet connection: a sequel (2002)

This author discusses the problem of Internet security. He draws some parallels between spammers trying to trick victims to opt out of their e-mail list in order to obtain information on valid e-mail addresses with so-called social engineering techniques used by security perpetrators. The term social engineering is typically used to describe a human-interactive (the emphasis is on the word human as opposed to computer-based) process that tricks people into violating security policies and procedures to get unauthorized access to protected information exposing security vulnerabilities. The best way to deal with social engineering threats is through creating and enforcing strict security procedures through education and training.
Prospective Measurement of Patient Exposure to Radiation During Pediatric Ureteroscopy (2012)

Children receive biologically significant radiation doses during ureteroscopy procedures. Several modifiable factors contribute to dose and could be targeted in efforts to implement dose reduction strategies.
Ultrasound Neuromodulation: A Review of Results, Mechanisms and Safety (2019)

Ultrasonic neuromodulation is a rapidly growing field, in which low-intensity ultrasound (US) is delivered to nervous system tissue, resulting in transient modulation of neural activity. This review summarizes the findings in the central and peripheral nervous systems from mechanistic studies in cell culture to cognitive behavioral studies in humans. The mechanisms by which US mechanically interacts with neurons and could affect firing are presented. An in-depth safety assessment of current studies shows that parameters for the human studies fall within the safety envelope for US imaging. Challenges associated with accurately targeting US and monitoring the response are described. In conclusion, the literature supports the use of US as a safe, non-invasive brain stimulation modality with improved spatial localization and depth targeting compared with alternative methods. US neurostimulation has the potential to be used both as a scientific instrument to investigate brain function and as a therapeutic modality to modulate brain activity.
Overview of Solid Phase Synthesis of “Difficult Peptide” Sequences (2007)

Solid-phase peptide synthesis has contributed immeasurably to the understanding of the chemistry and biology of peptides by enabling their ready preparation in small quantities up to the ton scale. The advantages of the technology, including its simplicity, ease of operation, and general efficiency have far outweighed its limitations. However, despite the general effectiveness of the solid phase synthesis methodology, some peptides are resistant to efficient assembly and are known as "difficult peptides." Such sequences can present serious challenges to the peptide researcher and have been the subject of considerable investigation. This phenomenon is described together with modern approaches designed to minimize or overcome this hitherto long-standing and vexing problem.
Modulation scaling for energy aware communication systems (2002)

Article Share on Modulation scaling for Energy Aware Communication Systems Authors: Curt Schurgers Networked and Embedded Systems Lab (NESL), EE Dept., University of California at Los Angeles, 56-125 B, Eng. IV Bldg., UCLA-EE Dept., Box 951594, Los Angeles, CA Networked and Embedded Systems Lab (NESL), EE Dept., University of California at Los Angeles, 56-125 B, Eng. IV Bldg., UCLA-EE Dept., Box 951594, Los Angeles, CAView Profile , Olivier Aberthorne Networked and Embedded Systems Lab (NESL), EE Dept., University of California at Los Angeles, 56-125 B, Eng. IV Bldg., UCLA-EE Dept., Box 951594, Los Angeles, CA Networked and Embedded Systems Lab (NESL), EE Dept., University of California at Los Angeles, 56-125 B, Eng. IV Bldg., UCLA-EE Dept., Box 951594, Los Angeles, CAView Profile , Mani Srivastava Networked and Embedded Systems Lab (NESL), EE Dept., University of California at Los Angeles, 56-125 B, Eng. IV Bldg., UCLA-EE Dept., Box 951594, Los Angeles, CA Networked and Embedded Systems Lab (NESL), EE Dept., University of California at Los Angeles, 56-125 B, Eng. IV Bldg., UCLA-EE Dept., Box 951594, Los Angeles, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISLPED '01: Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and designAugust 2001 Pages 96–99https://doi.org/10.1145/383082.383103Published:06 August 2001Publication History 131citation798DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations131Total Downloads798Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Protein Unfolding Coupled to Ligand Binding: Differential Scanning Calorimetry Simulation Approach (2005)

The aim of this work is to present the physicochemical basis underlying the changes in protein thermostability upon ligand binding. The article is addressed to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate chemistry students with an interest in protein biophysics. In addition, this article provides a useful tool for both learning and teaching biophysics because it links fundamental concepts: thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, and protein stability. The influence of protein–ligand interactions on thermally-induced protein denaturation was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The changes in DSC output (thermogram) emerge by linking binding equilibrium with reversible protein unfolding thermodynamics. We derive the formalism for the description of protein unfolding in the presence of ligand that can bind to a single site on either native, unfolded, or both protein states. In addition to a rigorous mathematical description of the involved equilibria, the model provides the general formulation for simulating thermograms and calculating the changes in protein species during heating. First, we describe ligand interaction and emphasize the relationship between protein stability parameters and redistribution of species in equilibrium. After that, we describe the origin of bimodal thermograms, and finally, the effect on thermogram shape of protein concentration at constant ligand/protein mole ratio.
국방 사이버전사 역량 강화를 위한 특화된 사이버훈련체계 구축 방안 (2016)

본 논문에서는 사이버전에서 필요한 사이버전사의 자질과 역량을 향상시킬 수 있는 사이버 훈련체 계의 구축 방안을 제안하였다. 우리나라에서 시행하고 있는 대부분의 사이버훈련은 훈련 시나리오 기 반의 사전 예고제 방식으로 진행하고 있다. 그러다 보니 사이버전사의 역량 강화를 위한 훈련 프로그 램이라기보다는 훈련 절차를 숙지하고 따라하는 숙달훈련에 가깝다. 또한 사이버전사의 역량 수준별 로 훈련 프로그램이 체계적으로 수립되어 있지 않다. 특히, 사이버전에 특화된 사이버전사에 대한 훈 련체계는 더욱 미진한 실정이다. 사이버전사는 사이버전 수행을 위해서 군사지식, 사이버 환경에 대 한 기반지식, 사이버 공격 및 방어기술을 보유해야 한다. 이러한 사이버보안 역량을 갖춘 사이버전사 를 훈련시키기 위해서는 전문적이고 특화된 훈련방식이 필요하다. 그래서 본 연구서에서는 국방 사이 버전사의 직급과 직무에 따라 요구되는 사이버보안 역량별 사이버훈련 방식을 제안한다.
Impacts of Commercial Building Controls on Energy Savings and Peak Load Reduction (2017)

Commercial buildings in the United States use about 18 Quadrillion British thermal units (Quads) of primary energy annually . Studies have shown that as much as 30% of building energy consumption can be avoided by using more accurate sensing, using existing controls better, and deploying advanced controls; hence, the motivation for the work described in this report. Studies also have shown that 10% to 20% of the commercial building peak load can be temporarily managed/curtailed to provide grid services. Although many studies have indicated significant potential for reducing the energy consumption in commercial buildings, very few have documented the actual savings. The studies that did so only provided savings at the whole building level, which makes it difficult to assess the savings potential of each individual measure deployed.
Active Learning with Transfer Learning (2012)

In sentiment classification, unlabeled user reviews are often free to collect for new products, while sentiment labels are rare. In this case, active learning is often applied to build a high-quality classifier with as small amount of labeled instances as possible. However, when the labeled instances are insufficient, the performance of active learning is limited. In this paper, we aim at enhancing active learning by employing the labeled reviews from a different but related (source) domain. We propose a framework Active Vector Rotation (AVR), which adaptively utilizes the source domain data in the active learning procedure. Thus, AVR gets benefits from source domain when it is helpful, and avoids the negative affects when it is harmful. Extensive experiments on toy data and review texts show our success, compared with other state-of-theart active learning approaches, as well as approaches with domain adaptation. 1
Taming the Noise in Reinforcement Learning via Soft Updates (2015)

Model-free reinforcement learning algorithms, such as Q-learning, perform poorly in the early stages of learning in noisy environments, because much effort is spent unlearning biased estimates of the state-action value function. The bias results from selecting, among several noisy estimates, the apparent optimum, which may actually be suboptimal. We propose G-learning, a new off-policy learning algorithm that regularizes the value estimates by penalizing deterministic policies in the beginning of the learning process. We show that this method reduces the bias of the value-function estimation, leading to faster convergence to the optimal value and the optimal policy. Moreover, G-learning enables the natural incorporation of prior domain knowledge, when available. The stochastic nature of G-learning also makes it avoid some exploration costs, a property usually attributed only to on-policy algorithms. We illustrate these ideas in several examples, where G-learning results in significant improvements of the convergence rate and the cost of the learning process.
Titanium nitride as a coating for surgical instruments used to collect human tissue for trace metal analysis (1990)

When metallic surgical instruments are used to collect human tissue, metal contamination may occur, making accurate ultra-trace metal determinations very difficult. In order to reduce this risk as much as possible, surgical instruments made from a stainless-steel core covered by a film of titanium nitride, a very hard compound with high chemical stability and very good wear resistance, were prepared. The degree of risk from trace metal contamination during sample collection was investigated by neutron activation analysis and a radio-release in vitro serum test. As examples of their application, the titanium nitride coated instruments were used to determine Co, Cr and W in the skin of unexposed subjects and of uraemic patients under regular dialysis treatment.
Reduced contact resistance between an individual single-walled carbon nanotube and a metal electrode by a local point annealing (2007)

The achievement of low-resistance contact is a key requirement for carbon-electrode electronics. In this study, we have obtained contacts with very low resistance between an individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and palladium (Pd) electrodes using electric-current-induced Joule heating without destroying the field effect transistor device that these form. The SWNT is deposited onto Pd electrodes prepatterned on a SiO2/Si substrate, through which an electrical pulse is applied for a microsecond duration. As a result, the source–drain current through the SWNT is greatly increased owing to the elimination of tunnelling barriers between the SWNT and the electrodes. In the case of semiconducting SWNTs, the Schottky barrier is estimated to increase slightly after pulse annealing in some cases, resulting in a relatively high resistance and asymmetrical current–voltage characteristics.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Gene: Putative Mechanism of Information Storage at the RNA Level (1987)

Abstract: The human gene coding for vasoactive intestinal peptide was recently isolated and shown to contain seven exons. We now demonstrate that an intron‐containing precursor RNA can be the major vasoactive intestinal peptide‐related RNA in the cell, which is in contrast to most known genes. By RNA blot analysis using a variety of genomic and cDNA‐related probes we show that in a human tumor producing vasoactive intestinal peptide, most of the RNA encoding the peptide is of the precursor type. Similar precursor transcripts were found in total rat brain RNA as well. As proof of the identity of the intron‐containing RNA, cDNA clones corresponding to this RNA sequence have been isolated.
From ozone generators to flat television screens: history and future potential of dielectric-barrier discharges (1999)

Abstract
Toxicity of Dimethyl Selenide in the Rat and Mouse (1952)

SummaryThe median lethal dose (L. D. 50) of dimethyl selenide was determined for the mouse and rat. It was found, after intraperitoneal injection of dimethyl selenide, that the median lethal dose f...
Clinical Applications of 3‐Dimensional Printing Technology in Hip Joint (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a digital rapid prototyping technology based on a discrete and heap-forming principle. We identified 53 articles from PubMed by searching "Hip" and "Printing, Three-Dimensional"; 52 of the articles were published from 2015 onwards and were, therefore, initially considered and discussed. Clinical application of the 3D printing technique in the hip joint mainly includes three aspects: a 3D-printed bony 1:1 scale model, a custom prosthesis, and patient-specific instruments (PSI). Compared with 2-dimensional image, the shape of bone can be obtained more directly from a 1:1 scale model, which may be beneficial for preoperative evaluation and surgical planning. Custom prostheses can be devised on the basis of radiological images, to not only eliminate the fissure between the prosthesis and the patient's bone but also potentially resulting in the 3D-printed prosthesis functioning better. As an alternative support to intraoperative computer navigation, PSI can anchor to a specially appointed position on the patient's bone to make accurate bone cuts during surgery following a precise design preoperatively. The 3D printing technique could improve the surgeon's efficiency in the operating room, shorten operative times, and reduce exposure to radiation. Well known for its customization, 3D printing technology presents new potential for treating complex hip joint disease.
Nomenclature and diagrammatic representation of oligomeric fructans — a paper for discussion (1993)

As proposed at the Second International Symposium on Fructan, a paper for discussion has been prepared which suggests alternative schemes based on that by A. L. Waterhouse circulated at the Symposium. This scheme has itself been modified in collaboration with N. J. Chatterton and published together with a glossary of terms. This glossary, also slightly modified, is reproduced here. The principal alternative (and additional) proposals have been made by N. C. Carpita, C. J. Pollock and D. H. Lewis, and compiled and edited by the last of this trio.
Salton Award Lecture - Information retrieval and computer science (2003)

Following the tradition of these acceptance talks, I will be giving my thoughts on where our field is going. Any discussion of the future of information retrieval (IR) research, however, needs to be placed in the context of its history and relationship to other fields. Although IR has had a very strong relationship with library and information science, its relationship to computer science (CS) and its relative standing as a sub-discipline of CS has been more dynamic. IR is quite an old field, and when a number of CS departments were forming in the 60s, it was not uncommon for a faculty member to be pursuing research related to IR. Early ACM curriculum recommendations for CS contained courses on information retrieval, and encyclopedias described IR and database systems as different aspects of the same field.
A New Form of Vena Caval Interruption (1969)

Pate, James W. M.D., F.A.C.S.; Melvin, David M.D.; Cheek, Richard C. M.D. Author Information
Detection mechanism of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (2015)

In this paper we intend to give a comprehensive description of the current understanding of the\ndetection mechanism in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We will review key\nexperimental results related to the detection mechanism, e.g. the variations of the detection\nprobability as a function of bias current, temperature or magnetic field. Commonly used\ndetection models will be introduced and we will analyze their predictions in view of the\nexperimental observations. Although none of the proposed detection models is able to describe\nall experimental data, it is becoming increasingly clear that vortices are essential for the\nformation of the initial normal-conducting domain that triggers a detection event.