gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
16.1 A 12b 18GS/s RF Sampling ADC with an Integrated Wideband Track-and-Hold Amplifier and Background Calibration (2020)

High sample rate ADCs with high input bandwidth and low power consumption enable direct RF sampling, more integration, flexibility and lower cost for communication, instrumentation and other applications. The state of the art of interleaved RF converters enables up to 10GS/s with 12-14b of resolution [1]-[4]. However, to increase the sample rate, the number of interleaved sub-ADCs tends to increase, which degrades the interleaving spurs due to sampling time and bandwidth mismatch, increases the input capacitance, reduces the input bandwidth, and increases the power consumption of the ADC. Randomization of the interleaved sub-ADCs helps alleviate the impact of the interleaving spurs, but that degrades the noise and increases power consumption in a manner that gets progressively worse as the input frequency and number of interleaved sub-ADCs increase [1].
Relationships Between Soil Urease Activity and Other Soil Properties (1977)

Abstract Surface samples of 21 diverse Iowa soils representing a wide range in pH, texture, and organic matter content were studied to determine the relationships between soil urease activity and other soil properties. Simple correlation analyses showed that urease activity was correlated very highly significantly with organic C ( r = 0.72***), total N ( r = 0.71***), and cation‐exchange capacity ( r = 0.67***). Urease activity also was significantly correlated with clay (0.53*), sand (−0.47*), and surface area (0.45*), but was not significantly correlated with pH, silt, or CaCO 3 equivalent. Multiple regression analyses showed that organic matter content accounted for most of the variation in urease activity.
Acoustic microscopy of materials and surface layers (1984)

The application of pulsed reflection acoustic microscopy to the characterization of bulk materials and thin layers of various materials on surfaces is illustrated. The factors that contribute to sharp image contrast, edge definition, and image reversal are delineated and illustrated. Acoustic material signatures of a variety of bulk materials and thin layers of materials on surfaces of a different material are shown. The origin and nature of acoustic material signatures is discussed.
Fabrication of SU-8 multilayer microstructures based on successive CMOS compatible adhesive bonding and releasing steps (2005)

This paper describes a novel fabrication process based on successive wafer-level bonding and releasing steps for stacking several patterned layers of the negative photoresist EPON SU-8. This work uses a polyimide film to enhance previous low temperature bonding technology. The film acts as a temporary substrate where the SU-8 is photopatterned. The poor adhesion between the polyimide film and SU-8 allows the film to be released after the bonding process, even though the film is still strong enough to carry out photolithography. Using this technique, successive adhesive bonding steps can be carried out to obtain complex 3-D multilayer structures. Interconnected channels with smooth vertical sidewalls and freestanding structures are fabricated. Unlike previous works, all the layers are photopatterned before the bonding process yielding sealed cavities and complex three-dimensional structures without using a sacrificial layer. Adding new SU-8 layers reduces the bonding quality because each additional layer decreases the thickness uniformity and increases the polymer crosslinking level. The effect of these parameters is quantified in this paper. This process guarantees compatibility with CMOS electronics and MEMS. Furthermore, the releasing step leaves the input and the output of the microchannels in contact with the outside world, avoiding the usual slow drilling process of a cover. Hence, in addition to the straightforward integration of electrodes on a chip, this fabrication method facilitates the packaging of these microfluidic devices.
Plasminogen activator of the blood vessels in tumours and in carrageenin-induced granulomas. (1971)

Fibrinolytic activity in tumours was studied by the fibrin slide technique. The tumour cells were inactive and fibrinolysis was seen only in areas with young blood vessels. In carrageenin-induced granulomas at 6 days the fibrinolytic activity was small and confined to mature veins, but from 7-14 days activity was high in zones containing young vessels supplying the terminal capillary buds; these latter showed no activity. In old fibrosed granulomas there was no fibrinolytic activity. The vascular permeability changes of inflammation (detected by the colloidal carbon technique) showed no correlation with fibrinolytic activity, and systemic injection of inflammatory agents had no effect on the fibrinolytic activity of the vessels. These findings are discussed in relationship to tumour vascularization.
October consultation #3 (2016)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 42(10):p 1536, October 2016. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.09.006
Immune control of neoplasia by adoptive transfer of macrophages: potentiality for antigen presentation and gene transfer. (1995)

Human macrophages could be differentiated from mononuclear precursors present in the blood circulation. After IFN-gamma activation, they became antitumoral and adhered to transformed cells. Low amounts of activated macrophages (MAK) caused regression of experimental tumors in animal models. In cancer patients, MAK were well tolerated and caused tumor necrosis but no clear therapeutic response has been reported up to now. Improvements can be expected using local treatment and more specific macrophages presenting tumor antigens. This restoration of immune recognition of growing tumors with low levels of reactants should ultimately reestablish, after exogenous stimulation, the insufficient immune response of the host against a malignant tumor. Antitumoral macrophages can also be optimized by gene transfection. Macrophages are proposed as stable and long lasting cell vectors for adoptive gene treatments.
Recognition of emotion in a realistic dialogue scenario (2000)

Nowadays modern automatic dialogue systems are able to understand complex sentences instead of only a few commands like Stop or No.In a call-center, such a system should be able to determine in a critical phase of the dialogue if the call should be passed over to a human operator.Such a critical phase can be indicated by the customer's vocal expression.Other studies prooved that it is possible to distinguish between anger and neutral speech w i t h prosodic features alone.Subjects in these studies were mostly people acting or simulating emotions like anger.In this paper we use data from a so-called Wizard of O z (WoZ) scenario to get more realistic data instead of simulated anger.As shown below, the classi cation rate for the two classes "emotion" (class E) and "neutral" (class :E) is signi cantly worse for these more realistic data.Furthermore the classi cation results are heavily speaker dependent.Prosody alone might t h us not be su cient and has to be supplemented by the use of other knowledge sources such as the detection of repetitions, reformulations, swear words, and dialogue acts.
WiFi access point deployment for efficient mobile data offloading (2012)

Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in mobile data usage with the wide-spread proliferation of smartphone like devices. However, this increased demand from users has caused severe traffic overloading in cellular networks. Offloading the traffic through several other devices (femtocells, WiFi access points) have been considered to be immediate remedy for such a problem. Thus, in this paper, we study the deployment of WiFi access points (AP) in a metropolitan area for efficient offloading of mobile data traffic. We analyze a large scale real user mobility traces and propose a deployment algorithm based on the density of user data request frequency. In simulations, we present offloading ratio that our algorithm can accomplish with different number of APs. The results demonstrate that our algorithm can achieve close to optimal offloading ratio that is higher than offloading ratios that existing algorithms can achieve with the same number of APs.
Implant-supported restorations in the anterior region: prosthetic considerations. (1997)

Achieving functional and aesthetic implant-supported restorations in the partially edentulous patient can be particularly challenging when the implant sites are in the anterior region and not in harmony with the adjacent dentition. The learning objective of this article is to focus on presurgical evaluation of anterior implant sites and systematic development of related therapeutic modalities. Utilization of guided bone regeneration and connective tissue grafting predictably facilitates implant positioning that is compatible with required aesthetic restoration and soft tissue contours. Other aspects, such as abutment protection caps with variable emergence profiles, provisional restorations for the development of optimal periimplant soft tissue contours, and fabrication guidelines for different types of prosthetic restorations, are also discussed.
Chronic Wound Pathogenesis and Current Treatment Strategies: A Unifying Hypothesis (2006)

Most chronic wounds can be classified into three major types: pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, and diabetic ulcers. The authors propose a unifying hypothesis of chronic wound pathogenesis based on four main causative factors: local tissue hypoxia, bacterial colonization of the wound, repetitive ischemia-reperfusion injury, and an altered cellular and systemic stress response in the aged patient. Traditional strategies for the treatment of chronic wounds have shown limited success. The authors explore potential treatment regimens specifically aimed at each individual determinant of chronic wound pathogenesis. Furthermore, they explore a combined therapeutic approach that collectively targets all the components of chronic wound pathology. These innovative ideas and therapies could be of substantial interest for clinicians and researchers, while further offering significant benefit to patients with chronic wounds.
Thirty years of plant transformation technology development (2006)

Technology development is seminal to many aspects of basic and applied plant transgenic science. Through the development and commercialization of genetically modified crops, the evolution of plant transgenic technologies is also relevant to society as a whole. In this study, literature statistics were used to uncover trends in the development of these technologies. Publication volume and impact (citation) over the past 30 years were analysed with respect to economic zones, countries, species and DNA delivery method. This revealed that, following a dramatic expansion in the 1980s, publications focusing on the development of transgenic technology have been slowing down worldwide since the early mid-1990s, except in a few leading Asian countries. The implications of these trends on the future of plant transgenic science as a whole are discussed.
Opinion Target Extraction in Chinese News Comments (2010)

News Comments on the web express readers ’ attitudes or opinions about an event or object in the corresponding news article. And opinion target extraction from news comments is very important for many useful Web applications. However, many sentences in the comments are irregular and informal, and sometimes the opinion targets are implicit. Thus the task is very challenging and it has not been investigated yet. In this paper, we propose a new approach to uniformly extracting explicit and implicit opinion targets from news comments by using Centering Theory. The approach uses global information in news articles as well as contextual information in adjacent sentences of comments. Our experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. 1
Pepsin, a Reliable Marker of Gastric Aspiration, Is Frequently Detected in Tracheal Aspirates From Premature Ventilated Neonates (2006)

Pepsin, a marker of gastric contents, was detected in more than 92% of TA samples from premature infants on mechanical ventilation. The level of pepsin was higher in fed infants when compared with unfed infants. Xanthine therapy was also associated with increased pepsin in TA samples. Chronic aspiration of gastric contents may worsen lung disease in premature infants.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORAMIDOMERCURATION‐DEMERCURATION: A SIMPLE, TWO‐STEP CONVERSION OF ALKENES INTO ALKANAMINES (1983)

Abstract Phosphorsäurediethylesteramid (I) wird mit Hilfe von Quecksilbernitrat durch anschließende reduktive Demercurierung an Alkene (II) addiert.
Thiazolverbindungen, I Synthese und Umsetzung von 2‐Aryl‐5‐diazoacetyl‐4‐methyl‐thiazolen (1974)

Abstract 2‐Aryl‐4‐methylthiazol‐5‐carbonsäurecchloride 3a – g bilden mit Diazomethan im Überschuß 2‐Aryl‐5‐diazoacetyl‐4‐methylthiazole 4a – g als Hauptprodukte und daneben in geringen Mengen Chlorketone 5a – g . Die Bromketene 6a – f ergeben mit Thio‐ und Allylthioharnstoff die Bithiazolyle 7a – f sowie 8a – c, e und f . Nach der Methode von Wolfrom wurden die Ketone 9a – g dargestellt.
Manipulating Association of Electroactive Chromophores via the Use of Peptidic Templates (2006)

The performance of organic or polymeric devices such as light-emitting diodes, thin-film transistors, and photovoltaic devices depends on the alignment and spacing between electroactive chains, but achieving such control on angstrom length scales has proven a significant challenge. It is well-known that Nature executes such accurate regulation at a molecular level in proteins and that polypeptidic scaffolds can be used to organize functional groups. We have therefore employed peptidic scaffolds to align multiple electroactive molecules in desired orientations and spacing to manipulate the electronic behavior of side chains. The controlled electronic behavior of the hybrid molecules with small changes in architecture was indicated via photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Methylstilbene molecules form a ground-state complex and excimer when placed approximately 6 Å apart on the same side of a peptide chain, but act independently when placed on opposite sides of the chain or at longer distances. These results prove that peptidic scaffolds can be used to control interactions and photophysics in electroactive organics, at distances relevant for electroactive devices.
Rotation asymmetry of the human sclera (2018)

Human sclera is rotationally asymmetric, and its shape varies considerably between subjects.
Design of GaN based Comparator Circuit for Radiation Detectors (2020)

GaN HEMT transistors has significant advantage over conventional silicon counterpart, operating in radiation environment. In particle radiation therapy electronic devices are exposed to radiation which degrades their reliability. This paper aims to design a GaN based comparator circuit which is an essential circuit of the front end of radiation detectors used in particle radiation therapy. The circuit is designed using EPC8002 GaN transistors and the simulation results show that it can operate at high frequency (>20MHz) with the propagation delay of less than 1ns. The designed circuit is also tested with the output obtained from H8500 position sensitive photomultiplier tube and simulation result shows the satisfactory output from the comparator.
A Proposed Imaging System to Spatially and Temporally Monitor Unburned Hydrocarbons in Jet Engine Exhaust (2016)

The local air quality surrounding airports is significantly impacted by ground-based airplane operations, such as landing, taxiing, idling, and takeoff. In recent years, studies performed across the country revealed that people living near major airports suffer from increased cancer risks and higher likelihoods of developing respiratory issues. Jet engine emissions have been monitored extensively by direct probing of the exhaust, but there are currently no inexpensive, portable, and unobtrusive methods with which to study exhaust plume dynamics. This study assesses the feasibility of designing a multispectral imaging system to track the spatial-temporal nature of a jet engine plume. Ideally, the imaging system will be both inexpensive and portable enough to be deployed at any airport. We begin by characterizing the phenomenology of jet engine emissions during ground operations and select unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs) as the basis for our plume tracking. A proposed LWIR imaging system layout and radiometric governing equation is developed to predict the camera’s sensor-reaching radiance. We use two methods, the Ideal Gas Law and the Gaussian Plume Equation, to three-dimensionally model the UHC concentration within the plume, which, in turn, is used to predict the plume transmission as a function of downwind distance. Radiometric models are used to predict the sensor-reaching radiance of the camera, and two filter combinations are selected to maximize the plume detectability. Each filter combination uses one filter to monitor the background radiance and one filter to trace the plume radiance. They are located at 9.001/9.333 [um] and 9.12/12.212 [um]. The plume tracing filters are used to assess plume detectability, and we find that that a camera with an NEDT of 0.05 [K] will be able to detect the plume up to 120 seconds after the engine has passed. We conclude by predicting what filter difference the camera will observe temporally, as plumes are continuously generated and dissipated. The effect of individual UHCs on total plume transmission was also examined, and a selection of narrowband filters for monitoring specific UHCs is proposed for future work. Results will help to prototype a system for deployment at the Greater Rochester International Airport. This work will make airport emissions inventories more accessible and allow for improved governing of emission caps and pollution bylaws.
Elimination of threading dislocations in as-grown PbSe film on patterned Si(111) substrate using molecular beam epitaxy (2010)

A high-quality as-grown PbSe film with a record low threading dislocation density of 9×105 cm−2 on patterned Si(111) substrate has been obtained using molecular beam epitaxy. The mechanisms leading to the remarkable reduction in threading dislocation density are analyzed. Based on the analysis, further reduction in dislocation density is anticipated. Materials with such low dislocation density should significantly improve the Si-based IV-VI group device performance.
Analysis of regions of stability for linear systems with saturating inputs through an anti-windup scheme (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to study the use of anti-windup gains for obtaining larger regions of stability for linear systems with saturating inputs. Considering that a linear dynamic output feedback has been designed to stabilize the linear system (without saturation), a method is proposed for designing an anti-windup gain that maximizes the estimation of the basin of attraction of the closed-loop system. It is shown that the closed-loop system obtained from the controller plus the anti-windup gain can be locally modeled by a linear system with a deadzone nonlinearity. From this model, stability conditions based on quadratic and Lure type Lyapunov functions are stated. Algorithms based on LMI schemes are proposed for computing both the anti-windup gain and an associated region of stability.
Negative group delay and superluminal propagation: an electronic circuit approach (2003)

We present a simple electronic circuit which provides negative group delays for band-limited baseband pulses. It is shown that large time advancement comparable to the pulsewidth can be achieved with appropriate cascading of negative-delay circuits but eventually the out-of-band gain limits the number of cascading. The relations to superluminality and causality are also discussed.
A summary of wind tunnel research on tilt rotors from hover to cruise flight (1972)

An experimental research program has been conducted on a series of tilt rotors designed for a range of blade twist in various wind tunnel facilities. The objective was to obtain precise results on the influence of blade twist and aeroelasticity on tilt rotor performance, from hover to high speed cruise Mach number of about 0.7. global forces on the rotor, local loads and blade torsional deflection measurements were compared with theoretical predictions inside a large Reynolds-Mach envelope. Testing techniques developed during the program are described.
Mechanical Properties of Engineered Materials (2002)

Featuring in-depth discussions on tensile and compressive properties, shear properties, strength, hardness, environmental effects, and creep crack growth, "Mechanical Properties of Engineered Materials" considers computation of principal stresses and strains, mechanical testing, plasticity in ceramics, metals, intermetallics, and polymers, materials selection for thermal shock resistance, the analysis of failure mechanisms such as fatigue, fracture, and creep, and fatigue life prediction. It is a top-shelf reference for professionals and students in materials, chemical, mechanical, corrosion, industrial, civil, and maintenance engineering; and surface chemistry.
Manufacture of epoxy-silica nanoparticle composites and characterisation of their dielectric behaviour (2008)

Nanoparticles as fillers for epoxy composites sometimes result in unexpected dielectric properties. This paper presents a study on the dielectric properties of E-51 epoxy resin incorporated with surface modified 20 and 100 nm silica particles, respectively. The nanoparticles and composites were examined under infrared spectroscopy and it was found that the surface modification of the nanoparticles lead to a good hydrophobic property and made particles easier to form bonds with the resin. Extensive experiments were performed on the dielectric properties of the composites and the results and analysed. It was found that by adding low dielectric constant nanosilica particles, the dielectric constants of the composite were notably increased as opposed to a drop as one might expect, while the dielectric losses were lowered. The increase in dielectric constant phenomenon is explained in terms of long chemical chains created in forming the composites. It was also found that the high dielectric constant phenomenon is relevant to higher surface area of the nanofillers.