gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion parameters of the extracellular space in human gliomas (2003)

Tumor cell migration through the extracellular space (ECS) might be affected by its pore size and extracellular matrix molecule content. ECS volume fraction alpha (alpha = ECS volume/total tissue volume), tortuosity lambda (lambda(2) = free/apparent diffusion coefficient) and nonspecific uptake k' were studied by the real-time tetramethylammonium method in acute slices of human tissue. The diffusion parameters in temporal cortical tissue resected during surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy (control) were compared with those in brain tumors. Subsequently, tumor slices were histopathologically classified according to the grading system of the World Health Organization (WHO), and proliferative activity was assessed. The average values of alpha, lambda, and k' in control cortex were 0.24, 1.55, and 3.66 x 10(-3)s(-1), respectively. Values of alpha, lambda, and k' in oligodendrogliomas did not significantly differ from controls. In pilocytic astrogliomas (WHO grade I) as well as in ependymomas (WHO grade II), alpha was significantly higher, while lambda and k' were unchanged. Higher values of alpha as well as lambda were found in low-grade diffuse astrocytomas (WHO grade II). In cellular regions of high-grade astrocytomas (WHO grade III and IV), alpha and lambda were further increased, and k' was significantly larger than in controls. Classic medulloblastomas (WHO grade IV) had an increased alpha, but not lambda or k', while in the desmoplastic type alpha and k' remained unchanged, but lambda was greatly increased. Tumor malignancy grade strongly corresponds to an increase in ECS volume, which is accompanied by a change in ECS structure manifested by an increase in diffusion barriers for small molecules.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for refractory SLE: A comparison of outcomes between different sub-phenotypes (2017)

Our data suggest that CAPS and other APS-related problems respond well to the TPE treatment. TPE should be kept in mind for the treatment of patients with other features of SLE, especially those resistant to other agents and in the presence of leucopenia.
Recalculation of keys -Solution to the eavesdrop attack (2008)

In this paper we have given the problem of bluetooth fixed address. It is a unique number used to identify a bluetooth device. The bluetooth device address is also used in authentication and in generation of frequency hop sequences. We have given the role of using bluetooth address in the authentication process. We have given the proposed solution for improving the concept of using bluetooth fixed address in the process of authentication.
DNA sequence analysis on the IBM-PC (1984)

We have developed, for the IBM-PC microcomputer, a menu driven, interactive set of programs which provide the functions routinely used for DNA sequence data analyses.
Induction of interferon regulatory factors, 2′‐5′ oligoadenylate synthetase, P68 kinase and RNase L in chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells and its relationship to clinical responsiveness (1996)

The genes crucially determining the therapeutic response of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) are unknown. Recently, two independent IFN-alpha signalling pathways were identified: the classic pathway mediates induction of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5 OAS), p68 kinase and IFN regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2), whereas the alternate pathway leads to activation of IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). We investigated whether deficient or imbalanced expression of components of these two pathways is associated with resistance of CML cells to antiproliferative action of IFN alpha/beta. Constitutive and IFN-induced transcript levels of IFN-dependent genes in mononuclear cells, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and CD34+ cells of chronic-phase CML and blast crisis patients were assessed by Northern blot techniques and were correlated with subsequent clinical responses to IFN therapy. Our results demonstrated that IFN-alpha or -beta treatment in vitro and in vivo leads to an enhanced expression of IRF-1, IRF-2. RNase L, p68 and 2-5 OAS which was independent of the degree of cellular differentiation and clonal evolution of CML. Neither the magnitude of induction of these genes nor the IRF-1/IRF-2 mRNA balance differed between chronic-phase CML patients responding or failing IFN-alpha therapy. These results indicate that failure of IFN-alpha treatment is not due to defects in mRNA induction of the above-mentioned candidate genes for the direct antiproliferative response to IFN type I.
Is in vivo dissociation between the antipropulsive and antidiarrheal properties of opioids in rats related to gut selectivity? (1989)

The antipropulsive activity of a series of opioids in the charcoal test was compared with their antidiarrheal activity in the castor oil test and their analgesic activity in the tail withdrawal test. The obtained antipropulsive/antidiarrheal potency ratios varied from 0.71 to greater than 552 [pethidine (oral ED50's in mg/kg: 21.5/30.2), fentanyl (0.77/0.49), dextromoramide (5.39/2.90), methadone (14.2/6.38), codeine (98.4/10.8), morphine (56.6/5.21), diphenoxylate (8.15/0.54), nufenoxole (74.7/1.72), difenoxin (7.10/0.16), loperamide oxide (greater than 160/0.34) and loperamide (greater than 160/0.29)]. The above ratios correlated with the gut selectivity of the compounds as defined by their analgesic/antidiarrheal potency ratios (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). Furthermore, inhibition of propulsion was found to correlate with central analgesic activity (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001) but not with protection from diarrhea (r = 0.023, P greater than 0.05). Indeed, gut-selective opioids such as loperamide and loperamide oxide failed to affect propulsion up to doses more than 450 times their antidiarrheal doses. In contrast, alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists delayed propulsion at doses comparable to their antidiarrheal doses [clonidine (0.085 vs 0.021), lidamidine (2.35 vs 1.66)] and anticholinergics inhibited propulsion even at doses many times below their antidiarrheal doses [atropine (0.26 vs 9.30), dexetimide (0.13 vs 5.03) and isopropamide (0.78 vs 74.6)]. The present results indicate that the in vivo inhibition of gastrointestinal propulsion by opioids in rats is mediated by a central action. Effects on intestinal fluid transport or, alternatively, on motility events distal to the ileocecal junction rather than effects on propulsion through the small intestine, seem to be the primary mechanism of antidiarrheal action of gut-selective opioids such as loperamide and loperamide oxide.
T medical rapid prototyping in custom implant design for craniofacial reconstruction (2004)

Trauma, cranial tumors, infected craniotomy bone flaps and external neurosurgical decompression are the main causes for large cranial defects. The success of the reconstructive craniofacial surgery depends on good preoperative evaluation of the deformity, formation of the surgical planning, preparation of precise-fitting implants, and accurate execution of the operation. Recently, reversing engineering and rapid prototyping technologies have been applied to produce physical models in various medical applications. In this article, the applications of 3-dimensional medical image reconstruction and rapid prototyping techniques were used for implant design and production of implant for patient with large cranial defect reconstruction. The medical images were manipulated and surgical planning was performed in virtual environment by moving the image objects. The customized implant was prefabricated based on the 3-dimensional image created to cover the cranial defect. A skull model is also produced for real touch evaluation, surgical planning and rehearsal of surgical procedures. The results show that both of 3-dimensional medical image model and physical skull model were helpful for planning of craniofacial surgery and design of customized implant. The surgery result was satisfactory without complication. Particular advantage was the unlimited trials in surgical simulation for using imaging model, and the close-to-reality surgical rehearsal for using physical model.
Water-based, Frac-Pack Remedial Treatment Extends Well Life (2011)

Abstract A solvent-based surface modification agent (SMA) has been very successful in precoating proppants to improve their performance in fracture stimulation treatments. To a far lesser degree, it was also used as an aggregating agent applied to formations and/or proppant packs to stabilize fines in a remedial method. However, its incompatibility with some aqueous wellbore fluids and the safety concerns due to the solvent base has limited its field applications. This paper presents the development of a new formulation of an SMA-aggregating agent that is aqueous-based, and includes results obtained from extensive laboratory studies. The new aqueous-based surface-modification agent (ASMA) provides significant improvements in health, safety, and ease of operation for the treatment of proppant, formation surfaces, and unconsolidated formations to control proppant and fines aggregation. Additionally, this ASMA will function to moderate undesirable diagenetic reactions that effect proppant strength, proppant pack permeability and formation permeability. A unique property of this ASMA is that the rate of release of the active SMA ingredient can be controlled allowing it to be used for primary fracturing treatments or as a remedial treatment of damaged proppant packs or inhibiting continued formation fines production. This means the ASMA can be added directly to frac fluid during a treatment to coat proppant, to a fracture stimulation treatment prepad to treat the formation face, or at a later time as a remedial treatment. As a remediation application, once injected into the proppant pack and formation matrix, the ASMA forms a thin film on the particulates, covering the fines and anchoring the particulates in place. In addition to controlling fines, ASMA coating forms a hydrophobic film that encapsulates the particulate surfaces, inhibiting the chemical reactions that lead to scale formation in the pack matrix and subsequent productivity loses. Experimental testing using packed beds of proppant, formation sands, and various fines were used to simulate proppant pack conditions and formation fines before and after remedial treatments. It was observed that only a very thin film was formed, which encapsulated the proppant or formation particulates and created cohesion between grains without plugging the pore spaces. Additionally, laboratory results show that ASMA treatments effectively mitigate the buildup of scale in various sand packs as well as successfully control the migration of formation fines into proppant packs to maintain fluid flow paths.
Cecropia immunoresponsive factor, an insect immunoresponsive factor with DNA‐binding properties similar to nuclear‐factor <i>K</i>B (1992)

The immune genes in Hyalophora cecropia contain an upstream sequence that is homologous to the binding site of the mammalian nuclear-factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). These genes are strongly induced by bacteria, lipopolysaccharides and 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Induction of the immune genes involves the activation of a DNA-binding protein complex that we have named Cecropia immunoresponsive factor (CIF). CIF specifically recognizes the kappa B-like DNA sequences in the promoter regions of the Cecropia immune genes. The DNA binding activity of CIF correlates well with the transcriptional induction of the immune genes. Competition assays show that CIF has a DNA binding specificity similar to mammalian NF-kappa B. The two factors also share other characteristics, including the pattern of induction and the migration on the native gel.
<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation and Characterization of Newly Designed Alkylamidophospholipid Analogues as Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Agents (1998)

Our laboratories first reported two novel classes of complex synthetic lipids, including alkylamidophosphocholines (PC lipid; CP-51) and alkylamidophosphate ester-linked lipid-AZT conjugates (lipid-AZT conjugates; CP-92), with selective and potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To extend these observations, we synthesized additional PC lipids and lipid-AZT conjugates (INK and INK-AZT conjugate) to evaluate their structure-activity relationships by testing for selectivity against infectious wild-type (wt) and drug-resistant HIV-1 replication, virus fusogenic activity and toxicity for mouse bone marrow cells. PC lipid compounds with medium chain lengths at positions 1 and 2 gave an improved selective index (SI). INK-3, with 12 and 8 carbons and INK-15, with 10 and 12 carbons were among the most selective when evaluated in CEM-SS cells. INK-14, a lipid-AZT conjugate where AZT replaced the choline in PC lipid INK-3, gave the highest SI of > 1250 against both infectious wt HIV-1 replication in CEM-SS cells and a clinical isolate in peripheral blood leukocytes. Notably, the PC lipid compounds INK-3 and INK-15, but not the lipid-AZT conjugate INK-14, were potent inhibitors of matched pairs of AZT-sensitive and AZT-resistant HIV-1 clinical isolates. INK-3 also inhibited replication of HIV-2 and TIBO-resistant HIV-1, and inhibited HIV-1-mediated fusogenic activity by 78, 41 and 9% in a dose-dependent manner. The TC50 for mouse bone marrow cells was > 100 micrograms/ml for INK-3 compared to 9.15-14.17 micrograms/ml for CP-51 and 0.142-0.259 microgram/ml for AZT. These data suggest that optimum PC lipid compounds are significantly less toxic than AZT and have high potential as novel therapeutic agents for AIDS.
Spectral Phase-Locking in Ultrafast All-Optical Mach-Zehnder-Type Semiconductor Wavelength Converters (1999)

We studied the spectrum-domain mechanism of the delayed-interference signal-wavelength converter (DISC) analytically and found that the role of the passive Mach-Zehnder interferometer in this converter differs completely from that of conventional spectrum filters: it converts the semiconductor-optical-amplifier-induced cross-phase-modulated spectrum phase from out-of-phase to in-phase (constant phase). This converter therefore efficiently generates ultrashort nearly transform-limited pulses having a broad phase-locked spectrum. These conclusions are consistent with the output pulse shapes and spectra measured in experiments in which the wavelength of 2-ps 42-GHz pulses was converted from 1560 nm to 1553 nm.
Using Multi-Function Fishing Tool Strings to Improve Efficiency and Economics of Deepwater Plug and Abandonment Operations (2001)

Abstract This paper discusses procedures and tool systems developed to optimize the efficiencies and economics of subsea plug and abandonment (P&A) operations. The tools and techniques described in the paper address removal of intermediate casing strings and final removal of the subsea wellhead. Included in the discussion is a new deepwater plug and abandonment system that employs a string of multi-function fishing tools that work cooperatively to minimize the number of trips required for casing and wellhead recovery (significantly reduce pipe-cutting time) and prevent wellhead damage without the use of motors. Before the development of multi-function fishing tools, recovering a subsea wellhead required three or more drillpipe trips to remove each string of intermediate casing. This was followed by another trip to cut and recover the wellhead. During the 1990s, cut-and-pull technology consolidated cutting and recovery of the wellhead into a one-trip procedure. However, multiple trips were still required for each intermediate casing string. Given today's rig rates for deepwater work and the amount of time required to cut the large-diameter, thick-walled casing that ties into subsea wellheads, it is easy to see why any opportunity to improve the efficiencies of subsea P&A operations is welcome. The new systems and procedures addressed in this paper rely on proven technology to reduce risk and minimize field training required for successful deployment. This paper compares time and costs for old and new methods. It describes a universal wellhead retrieval system and a unique procedural sequence in which casing is cut before seals are extracted. The system results in the ability to cut and recover the wellhead in a single trip without damaging the wellhead. The paper explains the safety, environmental, and economic advantages of eliminating motors and explosives and cutting the wellhead in tension. Case histories quantify results obtained in deepwater operations in the Gulf of Mexico and West Africa.
Treatment of beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis with cefaclor or penicillin. Efficacy and interaction with beta-lactamase-producing organisms in the pharynx. (1991)

The recommended treatment for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis has continued to be penicillin given in parenteral or oral form. Treatment failures, as determined by the continued presence of the streptococcal organism in the pharynx, however, do occur in 6% to 25% of patients treated with penicillin. Furthermore, beta-lactamase produced by other bacteria in the pharynx could potentially inactivate the penicillin, resulting in increased treatment failures or infection relapses. A study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of cefaclor, which is relatively resistant to inactivation by beta-lactamase, with penicillin for eradicating the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal organism from the throats of 93 patients with pharyngitis. Additionally, extensive cultures for potential beta-lactamase-producing organisms were conducted on 37 patients; 27% of these had one or more pharyngeal organisms that were producing beta-lactamase. No statistically significant difference was found between the clinical responses or the bacteriological cure rates of those treated with cefaclor and those treated with penicillin when stratified by the presence or absence of beta-lactamase-producing organisms. The prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing organisms in the pharynx, however, was increased after treatment with penicillin, whereas no change was noted following treatment with cefaclor.
Tracking Ships from Fast Moving Camera through Image Registration (2010)

This paper presents an algorithm that detects and tracks marine vessels in video taken by a nonstationary camera installed on an untethered buoy. The video is characterized by large inter-frame motion of the camera, cluttered background, and presence of compression artifacts. Our approach performs segmentation of ships in individual frames processed with a color-gradient filter. The threshold selection is based on the histogram of the search region. Tracking of ships in a sequence is enabled by registering the horizon images in one coordinate system and by using a multi-hypothesis framework. Registration step uses an area-based technique to correlate a processed strip of the image over the found horizon line. The results of evaluation of detection, localization, and tracking of the ships show significant increase in performance in comparison to the previously used technique.
Mesoporous graphene paper immobilised sulfur as a flexible electrode for lithium–sulfur batteries (2013)

Free-standing flexible mesoporous graphene–sulfur nanocomposite electrodes have been prepared by a sulfur vapor treatment approach. Amorphous sulfur homogeneously was distributed in the mesoporous architectures of porous graphene paper, in which sulfur was immobilized. The as-prepared mesoporous graphene–sulfur papers can be directly applied as electrodes in lithium–sulfur batteries without using a binder, conductive additives or an extra current collector. The conductive flexible porous graphene networks can effectively facilitate electron transfer and electrolyte diffusion. The free-standing sulfur–graphene nanocomposite electrodes achieved a high discharge capacity of 1393 mA h g−1 with an enhanced cycling stability and good rate performance.
Transient Gene Expression in Maize, Rice, and Wheat Cells Using an Airgun Apparatus (1990)

An airgun apparatus has been constructed for transient gene expression studies of monocots. This device utilizes compressed air from a commercial airgun to propel macroprojectile and DNA-coated tungsten particles. The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was used to monitor transient expression in three distinct cell types of maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The highest level of GUS activity in cultured maize cells was observed when distance between stopping plate and target cells was adjusted to 4.3 centimeters. Efficiency of transformation was estimated to be 4.4 x 10(-3). In a partial vacuum of 700 millimeters Hg, velocity of macroprojectile was measured at 520 meters per second with a 6% reduction in velocity at atmospheric pressure. A polyethylene film placed in the breech before firing contributed to a 12% increase in muzzle velocity. A 700 millimeters Hg level of vacuum was necessary for maximum number of transfornants. GUS expression was also detected in wheat leaf base tissue of microdissected shoot apices. High levels of transient gene expression were also observed in hard, compact embryogenic callus of rice. These results show that the airgun apparatus is a convenient, safe, and low-cost device for rapid transient gene expression studies in cereals.
Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass (1998)

In off-pump coronary artery grafting, cardiopulmonary bypass and its associated maneuvers, i.e., aortic manipulation and global cardiac arrest, may be avoided, and thus its morbidity and mortality may be reduced. Modern tissue stabilizers allow accurate construction of anastomosis and are now considered indispensable. Currently, there are two groups of stabilizers, i.e., those based on suction-fixation and those based on pressure-fixation. Each has specific applications. The popularity of off-pump coronary bypass surgery is increasing, from the patient's perspective and from the perspective of cost containment. Proper patient selection is crucial. The procedure is technically demanding. It is expected that by the year 2000 10% of coronary surgery will be off-pump, particularly by direct vision techniques. From the currently available, nonrandomized, prospective studies, the preliminary conclusion seems justified that, in selected patients, off-pump bypass grafting is as accurate as conventional bypass grafting, with lower morbidity and mortality. This includes fast recovery and early resumption of premorbid activities in most patients. Particularly, therefore, the procedure is also cost saving. Prospective randomized studies are necessary to quantify these statements.
Computational photography: advances and challenges (2011)

In the mid-1990s when digital photography began to enter the consumer market, Professor Joseph Goodman and I set out to explore how computation would impact the imaging system design. The field of study has since grown to be known as computational photography. In this paper I'll describe some of its recent advances and challenges, and discuss what the future holds.