gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of multiple genetic determinants in high-level methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (1989)

A methicillin-susceptible, novobiocin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (RN2677; methicillin MIC, 0.8 micrograms/ml) was transformed with DNA prepared from highly and homogeneously methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (methicillin MIC, greater than or equal to 400 micrograms/ml) or from heterogeneous strains in which the majority of cells had a low level of resistance (methicillin MIC, 6.3 micrograms/ml). All methicillin-resistant transformants showed low and heterogeneous resistance (methicillin MIC, 3.1 micrograms/ml) irrespective of the resistance level of DNA donors. All transformants examined produced normal amounts of the low-affinity penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2a, and methicillin resistance and the capacity to produce PBP 2a showed the same degree of genetic linkage to the novobiocin resistance marker with both homogeneous and heterogeneous DNA donors. Next, we isolated a methicillin-susceptible mutant from a highly and homogeneously resistant strain which had a Tn551 insertion near or within the PBP 2a gene and thus did not produce PBP 2a. With this mutant used as the recipient, genetic transformation of the methicillin resistance gene was repeated with DNA isolated either from highly and homogeneously resistant strains or from heterogeneous (low-resistance) strains. All transformants obtained expressed high and homogeneous resistance and produced PBP 2a irrespective of the resistance level of the DNA donors. Our findings suggest that (i) the methicillin resistance locus is identical to the structural gene for PBP 2a, (ii) although the ability to produce PBP 2a is essential for resistance, the MICs for the majority of cells are not related to the cellular concentration of PBP 2a, and (iii) high MICs and homogeneous expression of resistance require the products of other distinct genetic elements as well.
Implementing catalog clearinghouses with XML and XSL (1999)

A catalog clearinghouse is defined as an electronic commerce entity that provides a common web-based storefront to a group of merchants. This paper considers the implementation of a specific kind of clearinghouse: one that hosts catalogs for a large number of similar merchants (e.g., thousands of restaurant menus). A standard architecture is described. followed by a novel architecture that uses the emerging Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) standards for data storage, search and graphical presentation.
5.3 An Up-to-1400nm 500MHz Demodulated Time-of-Flight Image Sensor on a Ge-on-Si Platform (2020)

Indirect time-of-flight (iToF) image sensors on silicon platforms [1]-[3] are attracting rising attention because of their better immunity to background light and potential to achieve higher pixel resolution. Shifting the laser wavelength to 940nm [3] may further improve the outdoor performance but at a cost of reduced responsivity and lower modulation speed. As shown in red in Fig. 5.3.1, the solar irradiance at 940nm is only one-fourth of the case at 850nm, and it keeps going down with increasing wavelength and even vanishes at ~1350nm. To further increase the system SNR, using larger laser power is a feasible choice, but this introduces a laser safety issue [4]. The maximum permissible exposure (MPE) at the cornea versus laser wavelength with 0.1s exposure time is plotted in blue in Fig. 5.3.1 as well. Obviously, the exposure limit is quite stringent at 940nm, but much relaxed at a longer near-infrared (NIR) wavelength. Both curves in Fig. 5.3.1 indicate that a better SNR can be achieved with lasers emitting at a longer NIR wavelength, while the system can still satisfy the constraint of MPE. Unfortunately, traditional silicon solutions fail to operate at a wavelength beyond 1000nm because of the 1.1eV indirect bandgap. However, it is shown that this can be solved by using germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) as the absorption material [5]. Since Ge has a direct bandgap of 0.8eV, Ge-on-Si technology can extend the absorption wavelength up to nearly 1550nm.
The adsorption mechanisms of organic micropollutants on high-silica zeolites causing S-shaped adsorption isotherms: An experimental and Monte Carlo simulation study (2019)

The adsorption of organic micropollutants (OMPs) on high-silica zeolites is characterized by adsorption isotherms with various shapes. The occurrence of an S-shaped adsorption isotherm indicates the lack of adsorption affinity for OMPs at low, environmentally relevant equilibrium concentrations. In this study, S-shaped isotherms were observed during batch experiments with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and FAU zeolites. This is the first time that an S-shaped isotherm is reported for the adsorption of OMPs on high-silica zeolites. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the grand-canonical ensemble were used to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of the S-shaped adsorption isotherms. From the MC simulation results, it was observed that multiple TCP molecules were adsorbed in the supercages of the FAU zeolites. It was found that the π-π interactions between TCP molecules give rise to the adsorption of multiple TCP molecules per supercage, and thus causing an S-shaped adsorption isotherm. Simulations also revealed that water molecules were preferentially adsorbed in the supercages and sodalite cages of the FAU zeolites. FAU zeolites with a higher Al content adsorbed a higher amount of water molecules and a lower amount of TCP, and showed less pronounced S-shaped isotherms.
Mathematical Model of a Rotating Annular Continuous Size Exclusion Chromatograph (1990)

A mathematical model of a rotating annular continuous size exclusion Chromatograph has been developed. In this process, the conventional packed chromatography column is replaced by rotating concentric cylinders with the packing in the annular region. The displacement of components with time which occurs in conventional chromatography is transformed into a displacement with angular position. The steady state continuity equations for solute in the mobile phase and in the stationary phase results in a coupled set of partial differential equations. Mass transfer effects external to the particles as well as within the porous packing are included in the model. Axial dispersion is accounted for by using a term analogous to Fickian diffusion in the continuity equation in the mobile phase. The differential equations were solved using two different numerical methods. The concentration profiles predicted using each method were in close agreement and showed solute concentration versus angular position profiles which were close to Gaussian distributions. The moments of the concentration distribution in the angular direction were determined and expressions for the peak variance and the resolution in terms of system and solute parameters were derived. These expressions were used to evaluate the effect of various operating parameters and column dimensions on the separation efficiency of this device. The properties of a mixture containing three proteins representing the molecular weight range typical of many proteins was used in this simulation.
Passive self-synchronized two-droplet generation (2010)

We describe the use of two passive components to achieve controllable and alternating droplet generation in a microfluidic device. The approach overcomes the problems associated with irregularities in channel dimensions and fluid flow rates, and allows precise pairing of alternating droplets in a high-throughput manner. We study droplet generation and self-synchronization in a quantitative fashion by using high-speed image analysis.
Pre-storage of gelified reagents in a lab-on-a-foil system for rapid nucleic acid analysis (2013)

Reagent pre-storage in a microfluidic chip can enhance operator convenience, simplify the system design, reduce the cost of storage and shipment, and avoid the risk of cross-contamination. Although dry reagents have long been used in lateral flow immunoassays, they have rarely been used for nucleic acid-based point-of-care (POC) assays due to the lack of reliable techniques to dehydrate and store fragile molecules involved in the reaction. In this study, we describe a simple and efficient method for prolonged on-chip storage of PCR reagents. The method is based on gelification of all reagents required for PCR as a ready-to-use product. The approach was successfully implemented in a lab-on-a-foil system, and the gelification process was automated for mass production. Integration of reagents on-chip by gelification greatly facilitated the development of easy-to-use lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for fast and cost-effective POC analysis.
Effect of small cationic leukocyte peptides (defensins) on the permeability barrier of the outer membrane (1988)

Defensins are small cationic antibacterial peptides that are abundant in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from human and other sources (T. Ganz, M. Selsted, D. Szklarek, S. Harwig, K. Daher, D. F. Bainton, and R. J. Lehrer, J. Clin. Invest. 76:1427-1435, 1985). We studied whether subinhibitory concentrations of defensins increase the outer membrane (OM) permeability of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to hydrophobic probes, as do many other polycations that have been studied previously. Throughout the study, we used polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) as a reference peptide. PMBN has a known potent OM permeability-increasing action. As a sharp contrast to PMBN, subinhibitory concentrations of defensins did not permeabilize (or, under some test conditions, permeabilized very slightly) the OM to the probes that were used (rifampin and Triton X-100). At bacteriostatic or bactericidal defensin concentrations, some degree of synergism with rifampin was seen.
Augmented tagging system for annotating and sharing videos on mobile device by bar scanner and social media (2010)

Social media is very useful for collaborative learning because of their sharing and flexible nature. Many learning activities can use social media to facilitate the processes, such as collaborative writing, brainstorming, and live presentation streaming. Some instructors have paid attention to the popularity of social media. Social media is very simple and intuitive for users with information literacy on desktop computer. Also, social media is very popular on mobile devices, such as PDA and smartphone. Although learners can receive information for collaborative learning from social media on mobile devices, they generally tend to response simple text on mobile devices and complex interactions on desktop computer. This paper suggests another inexpensive way to enable complex interactions on mobile devices by integrating social media with a digital camera bar scanner. Consequently, a learner can annotate a video clip on a mobile device by cards with QR code. After everyone finishes recording, all clips with annotations can be uploaded into a social media system for sharing. Thus, an augmented tagging system is constructed for learners to response complex messages on mobile devices. Finally, a semi-structured expert interview was conducted to evaluate the system.
Real‐time analysis of the microstructural evolution and optical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> thin films as a function of Cu content (2011)

Abstract Thin films of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 with various copper contents were deposited by co‐evaporation onto thermally oxidized silicon substrates. Characterization by real‐time spectroscopic ellipsometry reveals clear similarities among the samples, as well as key variations with Cu content. Although all films exhibit a Volmer–Weber nucleation and similar fundamental critical point energies in the analysis of optical properties, Cu‐rich films exhibit enhanced coalescence, smoother surfaces, larger grain sizes, as well as a sub‐bandgap absorption which is absent in Cu‐poor films. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Skin and soft tissue infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (2014)

An improved understanding of the epidemiology of NTM SSTIs indicates a need to apply effective infection control and ensure regulation of cosmetic and related procedures associated with nonsterile fluids. Broader access to newer diagnostic methods will continue to improve recognition of NTM disease. Along with a paucity of therapeutic agents, there is need for more reliable methods to assess susceptibility and selection of effective combination therapy.
Inhibition of Fosfomycin Resistance Protein FosA by Phosphonoformate (Foscarnet) in Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens (2017)

FosA proteins confer fosfomycin resistance to Gram-negative pathogens via glutathione-mediated modification of the antibiotic. In this study, we assessed whether inhibition of FosA by sodium phosphonoformate (PPF) (foscarnet), a clinically approved antiviral agent, would reverse fosfomycin resistance in representative Gram-negative pathogens. The inhibitory activity of PPF against purified recombinant FosA from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (FosA3), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (FosA<sup>KP</sup>), <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (FosA<sup>EC</sup>), and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (FosA<sup>PA</sup>) was determined by steady-state kinetic measurements. The antibacterial activity of PPF against FosA in clinical strains of these species was evaluated by susceptibility testing and time-kill assays. PPF increased the Michaelis constant (<i>K<sub>m</sub></i> ) for fosfomycin in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting the maximum rate (<i>V</i><sub>max</sub>) of the reaction, for all four FosA enzymes tested, indicating a competitive mechanism of inhibition. Inhibitory constant (<i>K<sub>i</sub></i> ) values were 22.6, 35.8, 24.4, and 56.3 μM for FosA<sup>KP</sup>, FosA<sup>EC</sup>, FosA<sup>PA</sup>, and FosA3, respectively. Addition of clinically achievable concentrations of PPF (∼667 μM) reduced the fosfomycin MICs by ≥4-fold among 52% of the <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>E. cloacae</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> clinical strains tested and led to a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect in time-kill assays among representative strains. PPF inhibits FosA activity across Gram-negative species and can potentiate fosfomycin activity against the majority of strains with chromosomally encoded <i>fosA</i> These data suggest that PPF may be repurposed as an adjuvant for fosfomycin to treat infections caused by some FosA-producing, multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative pathogens.
Stability of Zinc Oxide High-Temperature Desulfurization Sorbents for Reduction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability of Zinc Oxide High-Temperature Desulfurization Sorbents for ReductionEiji Sasaoka, Shigeru Hirano, Shigeaki Kasaoka, and Yusaku SakataCite this: Energy Fuels 1994, 8, 3, 763–769Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00045a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00045a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views809Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of human papillomavirus type 6 L1 and L2 isolated in China and self assembly of virus-like particles by the products. (2003)

To study variations of genome late region of human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) isolated in China and assembling capabilities of the encoded capsid proteins, HPV-6 L1 and L2 sequences were cloned and used for expression in Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression systems (Gibco BRL). Based upon L1 and L2 overlapping sequence two sequences (GenBank accession number AY015006, AY015008) of HPV-6 late region (2869 bp long) were assembled and classified into HPV-6b by phylogenetic analysis. Compared with prototype sequence, nine point mutations were found, including four missense mutations. L1, instead of L2, could self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) in Sf9 nucleus. VLPs self-assembled by L1 alone (L1-VLPs) and by L1 plus L2 (L1+L2-VLPs) were purified and further characterized. Both types of VLPs were spherical particles with a diameter of approximately 50 nm. L1+L2 VLPs comprising L1 and L2 in the molar ratio of about 4:1 possessed the HPV-6 L1 VLP surface and conformational epitopes. In co-expression assay with a series of MOI combination of L1 and L2 recombinant baculoviruses (total MOI=10), existence of L2 of certain level enhanced L1 production by 0.8 fold and VLP production by 3 - 4 folds under experimental conditions. In conclusion, variation rate of HPV-6 genome late region is less than 0.28% and the substitutions A to G at position 7081 and G to A at 7099 may represent region characteristics. The cloned HPV-6 L1 and L2 sequences can be expressed efficiently in Sf9 cells, and the expressed products (L1 or L1+L2) can self-assemble into VLPs that resemble naturally occurring virions.
Dielectric Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Composite Ceramics (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Voice control of a powered wheelchair (2002)

Several researchers have described voice control mechanisms for a power wheelchair, but voice control has yet to become a commercially viable control alternative. One problem with voice control is that the voice's limited bandwidth renders it impossible to make frequent small adjustments to the wheelchair's velocity. One possible solution is to utilize voice control in combination with the navigation assistance provided by "smart wheelchairs," which use sensors to identify and avoid obstacles in the wheelchair's path. This paper describes an experiment that compares the performance of able-bodied subjects using voice control to operate a power wheelchair both with and without navigation assistance.
Cloning and expression of human aldose reductase. (1990)

The complete amino acid sequence of human retina and muscle aldose reductase was determined by nucleotide analysis of cDNA clones isolated using synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on partial amino acid sequences of purified human psoas muscle aldose reductase. The cDNA sequence differs substantially in the noncoding and coding regions of recently published sequences of this enzyme. The mRNA for aldose reductase was abundantly expressed in HeLa cells, but only scarcely in a neuroblastoma cell line. Recombinant baculovirus containing one of the muscle cDNA clones was constructed and used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda (SF9) cells. A prominent protein with an apparent molecular size of 36 kDa was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the culture medium as well as in the homogenate of SF9 cells after 2 days of infection. Culture medium or the supernatant fraction of cell homogenates containing this protein had high aldose reductase activity which showed characteristics of the reported human enzyme. These findings indicate that the amino acid sequence reported in this paper represents human retina and muscle aldose reductase and that functional human aldose reductase can be expressed in large amounts in a baculovirus expression system. The result should facilitate refined structural analysis and the development of new specific aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic complications.
A Random Walk through Human Associations (2006)

Letting one's thoughts wander is not simply an arbitrary or rambling process. It can better be described as "associative thinking", where a complex chain of associative thoughts and ideas are linked. It is our contention that this seemingly chaotic process can be modeled by a random walk in a weighted directed graph. Furthermore, is it possible to predict mathematically the "steady state" of such a process, to determine where such wandering is leading. The random walk process uses rules of association, defined by the Local Confidence Gain (LCG) interestingness measure. Extracted concepts are used as nodes of a directed graph. The associative "forces" between any two concepts (measured by LCG) are used to weigh the edges connecting the nodes that create a graph of associations. It is common, yet not trivial, for people to look for data about a subject without knowing its exact nomenclature (for example, finding the name of a disease just by knowing its symptoms). Random walk in association graphs can discover highly informative phrases that can be used for query expansion in a way that better expresses the user's initial search goals. A different usage is to create a user profile representing his current interests. We used a modified version of the Turing Test to show that the random walk process discovers association rules that conform to a human associations generating process. By constructing the user associations we were able to build a profile representing the user's "line of thoughts". The suggested algorithm can be used in any database and can implement the ranking measures of other association rules.
Can Computer Understand and Solve Turkish Arithmetic Problems (2009)

Abstract: Understanding is one of the most important research areas of Natural Language Processing. Problem solving is a way of realizing machine understanding. This paper presents a problem solver system which can understand and solve arithmetic problems in Turkish. There are three main phases of the system: morphology, syntax and semantic. The difference from other systems that is; data modeled as semantic networks in semantic analysis. This type of modeling realized correct and fast understanding by reducing unnecessary data. Many of school mathematics problems can be solved by this model in Turkish Language. Performance of the system is analyzed by corresponding system’s performance and primary school students ’ through selected problems. The system is enabling generate correct answers and necessary messages in a user friendly interface. Key words: Natural language processing • Understanding • Semantic networks • School mathematics
Pathfinder associative networks: studies in knowledge organization (1990)

This volume is a presentation of the theory and application of Pathfinder networks. These networks are derived from proximity data, and they have various applications in cognitive modelling, user-computer interface design, and knowledge engineering.