gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Step-Up DC/DC Topology and MPPT Algorithm for Use With a Thermoelectric Generator (2012)

A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a low-voltage high-current dc power source with a linear V–I characteristic, and therefore, it is desirable to create a power converter with a topology and control method suited to these attributes. Due to the TEG’s low voltage, a topology that produces a high step-up gain for a moderate duty cycle is required to reduce voltage and current stresses within the converter. The linear V–I characteristic produces a P–I characteristic with a flatter peak relative to other sources. This can result in large operating point variations while performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT); thus, an algorithm with low steady-state error is desired. This paper presents a novel high step-up dc/dc converter topology operating with a fractional short-circuit MPPT algorithm for use with a 4.2-V, 3.4-A (for matched load at <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta T = \hbox{270}\,^{\circ }$</tex></formula> C) TEG module and a converter output of 180 V. Compared to existing high step-up dc/dc converters, the proposed converter achieves higher gain with similar component count. Experimental results are reported to confirm the converter analysis and better performance of the short-circuit MPPT algorithm over the perturb and observe algorithm.
Reduction of peak to mean ratio of multicarriermodulation using cyclic coding (1996)

A very simple 3/4 rate cyclic code is proposed for the reduction of the peak to average power ratio of multicarrier modulation. The proposed code may be applied for any number of carriers which is a multiple of four. It is shown that the peak to average power ratio can be reduced by more than 3 dB. Numerical computations fully support the result obtained.
Recent experiments in the EAST and HT-7 superconducting tokamaks (2009)

First divertor plasma configuration in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) was obtained in the second campaign after the last IAEA meeting. To achieve long pulse diverted plasma discharges, new capabilities including the fully actively water cooled in-vessel components, current drive and heating systems, diagnostics and real-time plasma control algorithm were developed. Pre-programmed shape and feedback control of plasma position and current (RZIP) produced a variety of shaped plasma configurations, covering most of the configurations foreseen at the design stage of the machine. Control algorithm based on real-time equilibrium reconstruction and iso-flux control for the last closed magnetic flux surface (RTEFIT/ISOFLUX) has also been realized. A number of operational issues, such as plasma initiation and ramp up under constraints of superconducting coils were successfully investigated. First LHCD experiments demonstrated long pulse discharges longer than 20 s and nearly full non-inductive current drive. The physical engineering capability on the superconducting magnetic system was assessed by simulating discharges. Since the last IAEA meeting, experiments in HT-7 have been focusing on long pulse operation to support the EAST experiments on both physics and technical aspects. Long pulse discharges up to 400 s have now been achieved in HT-7. Investigation of sawtooth activities in ohmic and LHCD plasmas supports the turbulence model instead of the fast reconnection of the m = 1 magnetic island. Coexistence of electron mode and ion mode in high density ohmic plasmas has been observed by 2D ECE imaging (ECEI) in HT-7. The spectral characteristics of geodesic acoustic mode at the plasma boundary have been investigated by Langmuir probe arrays.
Novel approaches to the electromagnetic design of CSSP RF filters with improved selectivity (2005)

This paper describes novel approaches for the electromagnetic design of packages and on-chip wiring structures for acoustic RF filters. The influence of electromagnetic effects on the performance of SAW and BAW filters is discussed. A new design method using simulations that help to get an understanding of the relevant effects together with highly precise dynamic all-in-one simulations for selectivity improvement is presented by means of an example. Possible compensation mechanisms to improve selectivity are compared and a real life example is presented.
Metabolism of Propane, <i>n</i> -Propylamine, and Propionate by Hydrocarbon-Utilizing Bacteria (1972)

Studies were conducted on the oxidation and assimilation of various three-carbon compounds by a gram-positive rod isolated from soil and designated strain R-22. This organism can utilize propane, propionate, or n-propylamine as sole source of carbon and energy. Respiration rates, enzyme assays, and (14)CO(2) incorporation experiments suggest that propane is metabolized via methyl ketone formation; propionate and n-propylamine are metabolized via the methylmalonyl-succinate pathway. Isocitrate lyase activity was found in cells grown on acetate and was not present in cells grown on propionate or n-propylamine. (14)CO(2) was incorporated into pyruvate when propionate and n-propylamine were oxidized in the presence of NaAsO(2), but insignificant radioactivity was found in pyruvate produced during the oxidation of propane and acetone. The n-propylamine dissimilatory mechanism was inducible in strain R-22, and amine dehydrogenase activity was detected in cells grown on n-propylamine. Radiorespirometer and (14)CO(2) incorporation studies with several propane-utilizing organisms indicate that the methylmalonyl-succinate pathway is the predominant one for the metabolism of propionate.
A large scale multicast ATM switch with input and output link sharing (2003)

We propose a novel design of a large scale multicast ATM switch using input and output link sharing. Switch inputs and outputs are grouped into small modules called input shared blocks (ISBs) and output shared blocks (OSBs). Link sharing resolves output contention and eliminates the speedup requirement for the central switch fabric. Two scheduling algorithms based on round robin strategy are proposed. Both schemes provide a group mapping from an ISB to an OSB. Scheduling complexity is dramatically reduced. This switch architecture can be easily extended to terabit capacity. Simulations for a 256/spl times/256 switch demonstrate that the proposed switch can achieve a comparable performance to the output queued switch under multicast uniform independent/bursty traffic.
Multiple-Response Resolution in Associative Systems (1977)

The selection of a single responding word out of several responses to an associative search is a major and frequent function of associative memories (AM's) and processors (AP's). To select a responder, an AM must be able to generate a signal that is one for the desired word and zero for all others. This paper describes two families of circuits for doing this. The first family, called the preliminary circuits, is based on a generalization of a previously published circuit. The second family, called the optimum circuits, is derived from the first, and the circuits are optimum in the sense that they are the fastest circuits the techniques of this paper can give. An analysis of the settling time (in gate delays) required for the operation of the optimum circuits shows that, while they lack some of the symmetry of the preliminary circuits, they are the fastest practical circuits yet proposed for multiple-response resolution.
Development of A. C. Type "System Interconnectors" (1972)

This paper is concerned with the System Interconnector, a new development for preventing spread of disturbances and reducing short circuit capacity in a large-scale power system where power demand is ever increasing. Background where such development is required, functional requirements, results of analytical and experimental studies, and feasibility of practical schemes are discussed. Also described are 66kV prototypes of the System Interconnector.
High-Pressure Protein Crystallography and NMR to Explore Protein Conformations (2011)

High-pressure methods for solving protein structures by X-ray crystallography and NMR are maturing. These techniques are beginning to impact our understanding of thermodynamic and structural features that define not only the protein's native conformation, but also the higher free energy conformations. The ability of high-pressure methods to visualize these mostly unexplored conformations provides new insight into protein function and dynamics. In this review, we begin with a historical discussion of high-pressure structural studies, with an eye toward early results that paved the way to mapping the multiple conformations of proteins. This is followed by an examination of several recent studies that emphasize different strengths and uses of high-pressure structural studies, ranging from basic thermodynamics to the suggestion of high-pressure structural methods as a tool for protein engineering.
Improved space-time codes using serial concatenation (2000)

In this letter, a new family of space-time codes is proposed. These codes employ a serially concatenated coding scheme with a standard space-time code as the outer code and a very simple rate-1 recursive code as the inner code. Adding this simple rate-1 recursive inner code does not decrease the bit rate and introduces only negligible complexity increase to the transmitter when compared to cases with standard space-time codes. An interleaver is embedded between the inner coder and the outer coder and the size of this interleaver determines the performance gain. We also provide a relatively low complexity iterative decoding procedure. For applications which can tolerate delay, significant gain can be achieved with the proposed approach.
Non-Reducible Collagen Cross-Linking in Cartilage from Broiler Chickens with Tibial Dyschondroplasia (1994)

Recent work has shown that hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), a non-reducible cross-link that stabilizes the collagen fibril network, is significantly greater (over 10-fold) in dyschondroplastic cartilage than in normal growth-plate cartilage in the tibiotarsi of chickens with homocysteine-induced tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). In the present study, broiler chicks with a genetic disposition to TD, as well as normal broiler chicks on a copper-deficient diet alone or supplemented with copper and thiram, were raised for 3 to 4 weeks (Expts. 1 and 2). Their dyschondroplastic cartilage from the proximal tibiotarsus was collected and analyzed for HP as well as lysylpyridinoline (LP) cross-links. Normal growth plate cartilage was obtained from chicks on the copper-deficient diet supplemented with copper. In a third experiment, another set of broiler chicks was raised on a corn/soybean meal-based diet with or without homocysteine, and their articular and sternal cartilage were isolated for cross-link analysis. In the first two experiments, dyschondroplastic cartilage from all birds with induced TD had higher HP and LP concentrations than growth-plate cartilage from birds without TD, although the ratios of HP to LP varied. In the third experiment, the sternal and articular cartilage from birds with homocysteine-induced TD appeared normal, having similar HP concentrations in the same types of cartilage in birds without TD.
<title>Micromachined multifiber optic splices</title> (1995)

A multifiber mechanical splice concept has been developed for simultaneous mechanical joining of optical fibers in cable. This splice uses a novel 'multifiber positioner' to secure and precisely position the mating pairs of individual optical fibers to achieve excellent light throughput characteristics. The multifiber positioner is a micromachined structure that includes multiple V-grooves in silicon created via anisotropic etching. This concept has been used to create a 4-channel optical splice suitable for aircraft application. The multifiber positioner is mounted on a flexible polymeric 'elevator' and housed within a protective metal shell. The splice and shell design have been developed to facilitate user-friendly operation. The shell assembly includes a novel method for cable attachment and provides an environmental seal. The splice design concept should allow practical field use in adverse conditions.
"A Popular Demand, and a Public Necessity": Lincoln and Civil Liberties (2007)

Across the nation, the media detailed the outrage of congressional leaders over the president's decision to deny American citizens a basic constitutional right. Newspaper editors condemned the president. Lawyers, jurists, civic leaders, academicians, clergy and others joined in the attack. In response to his many critics, the president stated that “it was not believed that any law was violated.” At first glance, this must be a description of the uproar over President George W. Bush's decision to authorize wiretaps without court approval—or perhaps the public outcry over President Bush's decision to detain both U.S. and non-U.S. citizens accused of terrorist acts without charging or trying them. Such a conclusion is understandable—but erroneous. Rather, the above paragraph describes the reaction to President Abraham Lincoln's decision to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, detain U.S. citizens, and try them before a military tribunal. The detention of enemy combatants in the current...
Biopharmaceutical Understanding of Excipient Variability on Drug Apparent Solubility Based on Drug Physicochemical Properties: Case Study—Hypromellose (HPMC) (2020)

Identification of the biopharmaceutical risks of excipients and excipient variability on oral drug performance can be beneficial for the development of robust oral drug formulations. The current study investigated the impact of Hypromellose (HPMC) presence and varying viscosity type, when used as a binder in immediate release formulations, on the apparent solubility of drugs with wide range of physicochemical properties (drug ionization, drug lipophilicity, drug aqueous solubility). The role of physiological conditions on the impact of excipients on drug apparent solubility was assessed with the use of pharmacopoeia (compendial) and biorelevant media. Presence of HPMC affected drug solubility according to the physicochemical properties of studied compounds. The possible combined effects of polymer adsorption (drug shielding effect) or the formation of a polymeric viscous layer around drug particles may have retarded drug dissolution leading to reduced apparent solubility of highly soluble and/or highly ionized compounds and were pronounced mainly at early time points. Increase in the apparent solubility of poorly soluble low ionized drugs containing a neutral amine group was observed which may relate to enhanced drug solubilization or reduced drug precipitation. The use of multivariate data analysis confirmed the importance of drug physicochemical properties on the impact of excipients on drug apparent solubility and revealed that changes in HPMC material properties or amount may not be critical for oral drug performance when HPMC is used as a binder. The construction of a roadmap combining drug, excipient, and medium characteristics allowed the identification of the cases where HPMC presence may present risks in oral drug performance and bioavailability.
Homing of Neural Stem Cells From the Venous Compartment Into a Brain Infarct Does Not Involve Conventional Interactions With Vascular Endothelium (2014)

Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) hold great potential for treatment of a wide variety of neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic conditions. Heretofore, administration has been through intracranial injection or implantation of cells. Because neural stem cells are capable of migrating to the injured brain from the intravascular space, it seemed feasible to administer them intravenously if their ability to circumvent the blood-brain barrier was enhanced. In the present studies, we found that interactions of hNSCs in vitro on the luminal surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was enhanced following enforced expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen on cell surface moieties by incubation of hNSCs with fucosyltransferase VI and GDP-fucose (fhNSCs). Interestingly, ex vivo fucosylation of hNSCs not only did not improve the cells homing into the brain injured by stroke following intravenous administration but also increased mortality of rats compared with the nonfucosylated hNSC group. Efforts to explain these unexpected findings using a three-dimensional flow chamber device revealed that transmigration of fhNSCs (under conditions of physiological shear stress) mediated by stromal cell-derived factor 1α was significantly decreased compared with controls. Further analysis revealed that hNSCs poorly withstand physiological shear stress, and their ability is further decreased following fucosylation. In addition, fhNSCs demonstrated a higher frequency of cellular aggregate formation as well as a tendency for removal of fucose from the cell surface. In summary, our findings suggest that the behavior of hNSCs in circulation is different from that observed with other cell types and that, at least for stroke, intravenous administration is a suboptimal route, even when the in vitro rolling ability of hNSCs is optimized by enforced fucosylation.
HEMO, an ancestral endogenous retroviral envelope protein shed in the blood of pregnant women and expressed in pluripotent stem cells and tumors (2017)

Capture of retroviral envelope genes is likely to have played a role in the emergence of placental mammals, with evidence for multiple, reiterated, and independent capture events occurring in mammals, and be responsible for the diversity of present day placental structures. Here, we uncover a full-length endogenous retrovirus envelope protein, dubbed HEMO [human endogenous MER34 (medium-reiteration-frequency-family-34) ORF], with unprecedented characteristics, because it is actively shed in the blood circulation in humans via specific cleavage of the precursor envelope protein upstream of the transmembrane domain. At variance with previously identified retroviral envelope genes, its encoding gene is found to be transcribed from a unique CpG-rich promoter not related to a retroviral LTR, with sites of expression including the placenta as well as other tissues and rather unexpectedly, stem cells as well as reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), where the protein can also be detected. We provide evidence that the associated retroviral capture event most probably occurred >100 Mya before the split of Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires, with the identified retroviral envelope gene encoding a full-length protein in all simians under purifying selection and with similar shedding capacity. Finally, a comprehensive screen of the expression of the gene discloses high transcript levels in several tumor tissues, such as germ cell, breast, and ovarian tumors, with in the latter case, evidence for a histotype dependence and specific protein expression in clear-cell carcinoma. Altogether, the identified protein could constitute a "stemness marker" of the normal cell and a possible target for immunotherapeutic approaches in tumors.
War and Revolution (1968)

In about 1810, Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of the French, appeared to have the affairs of Europe firmly under his control. Central and southern Europe, except for that area in Spain where guerrilla activity persisted, were in his hands; Russia, at the other end of the Continent, had been forced to come to terms; only England remained inaccessible behind its navy. Bonaparte the Corsican soldier had taken the daughter of the greatest house in Europe, the Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria, to be his empress.
Changes of Normal Prothrombin Level(CA-1 Method) from the Start of Anticoagulant Therapy after Heart Surgery. (1999)

Carinactivase-1 (CA-1) 法により正常プロトロンビン量を測定し, トロンボテスト (TT), プロトロンビン時間国際基準値 (PT-INR) と比較することで, 抗凝固療法の新しいモニタリングとしての可能性について検討した.対象は心臓手術後早期にワーファリンの投与を必要とした10例で, 術後4日目から20日目にかけて, 正常プロトロンビン量とTT, PT-INRの変化を検討した. 全例ワーファリンの開始とともに正常プロトロンビン量は低下したが, 20日目以降でTTと相関し, PT-INRと逆相関した. CA-1法は少量の血漿で短時間で測定が可能であり, 今後臨床的検討が進めば, 抗凝固療法のモニタリングとしての可能性も高いと思われた.
Electroblotting of Proteins from Polyacrylamide Gels for Chemical Characterization (2003)

Techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) have an almost unrivaled capacity for the separation of complex protein mixtures. In particular, two-dimensional methods (2-DE) can routinely separate up to 2000 proteins from whole cell and tissue homogenates, and using large format gel separations of up to 10,000 proteins have been described. Until recently, PAGE methods were used almost exclusively as analytical tools for the characterization of proteins by their physicochemical properties (charge, size, hydrophobicity) and relative abundance. However, the development of a battery of highly sensitive techniques of microchemical characterization, including N-terminal and internal protein microsequencing, amino acid compositional analysis, pep-tide mass profiling, and mass spectrometry (, ) has resulted in PAGE becoming the method of choice for the micro-preparative purification of protein for subsequent chemical analysis. These methods are described in detail in the relevant chapters in the present volume.
历史与自然——比尔·伍德罗访谈录 (2008)

比尔·伍德罗（Bill Woodrow）是英国当代具有代表性的雕塑家之一，他的作品在材料和语言上进行了多元化的试验和探索。人类历史与自然的关系，是伍德罗长期以来一直关注的问题之一．本文是艺术家就这一主题与加拿大艺术史学者兼批评家约翰·K·格兰迪进行的访谈，通过访谈．伍德罗将自己的创作过程和对艺术的阶段性思考做了清晰阐述。
Compressed Inverted Indexes for In-Memory Search Engines (2008)

We present the algorithmic core of a full text data base that allows fast Boolean queries, phrase queries, and document reporting using less space than the input text. The system uses a carefully choreographed combination of classical data compression techniques and inverted index based search data structures. It outperforms suffix array based techniques for all the above operations for real world (natural language) texts.
Efficient algorithm for H.264/AVC intra frame transcoding (2010)

Our previous work presents an enhanced SATD-based intra mode decision to improve computation cost while maintaining good coding performance. Based on the enhanced SATD-based intra mode decision, this paper proposes an efficient H.264/AVC intra frame transcoding which utilizes original coded mode type information to eliminate unlikely modes before the enhanced intra mode decision. Both coding and computation performances are compared with complex cascaded pixel domain transcoding (CCPDT) and simple cascaded pixel domain transcoding (SCPDT) algorithms.
THE MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF HIGHER HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER GAS<sup>1</sup> (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF HIGHER HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER GAS1David F. Smith, Charles O. Hawk, and Paul L. GoldenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 8, 3221–3232Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01371a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01371a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts