gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging of closed cracks using nonlinear response of elastic waves at subharmonic frequency (2007)

The authors constructed a novel apparatus based on subharmonic ultrasound for the accurate imaging of closed cracks. Linear and nonlinear responses not only from the tip but also from other parts of cracks were observed in fundamental and subharmonic images, which were changed with varying closure stress. The subharmonic images always gave an accurate length of partially closed cracks, in contrast to the fundamental images in which the crack length was underestimated. Significant similarities in generation and resonance phenomena of subharmonic waves, acoustic emission, and the vibration of microbubbles are discussed.
Complete Determination of Disulfide Forms of Purified Recombinant Human Serum Albumin, Secreted by the Yeast <i>Pichia pastoris</i> (1997)

In the case where the supply of material is limited from natural resources and/or risks of infection are to be avoided, recombinant proteins are an important substitute. Consequently, the physicochemical characterization of the primary and tertiary structures of such materials that are to be used clinically is indispensable. In this context, disulfide linkages play a significant structural role and their determination is of paramount importance. As the demand for human serum albumin (HSA), which contains 35 cysteine residues, is continually increasing, its industrial-scale production from the genetically engineered yeast Pichia pastoris is of interest. The present paper describes a methodology that allows the characterization of the multi-disulfide linkages including exact positions in purified recombinant HSA by use of gas-phase protein sequencing. Mild Edman degradation followed by isocratic analysis of the phenylthiohydantoin amino acids in combination with multienzymatic digestions in acidic conditions allowed the exact positions of the 17 disulfide bridges and 1 sulfhydryl group to be rigorously determined. The sulfhydryl content of the present recombinant HSA was the same as plasma HSA.
DNA sequence of the<i>Rhizobium leguminosarum</i>nodulation genes<i>nodAB</i>and<i>C</i>required for root hair curling (1984)

A 3.2kb fragment of DNA cloned from Rhizobium leguminosarum has been shown to contain the genes necessary for the induction of root hair curling, the first observed step in the infection of leguminous plants by R. leguminosarum. The DNA sequence of this region has been determined and three open reading frames were identified: genes corresponding to these open reading frames have been called nodA, nodB and nodC and are transcribed in that order. Mutations within the nodC gene completely blocked root hair curling. However, a subcloned fragment containing only the nodC gene did not induce normal root hair curling (although some branching was observed), indicating that the nodA and B genes may also be required for normal root hair curling. From an analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of the nodAB and C genes it appeared unlikely that their products are secreted; therefore it is concluded that the induction of root hair curling could be due to a secreted metabolite.
Optical biopsy of fixed human skin with backward-collected optical harmonics signals (2005)

Harmonics-based optical microscopy has been widely applied in biomedical researches due to its noninvasiveness to the studied biomaterials. Due to momentum conservation consideration, most previous studies collect harmonics generation signals in a forward geometry, especially for third harmonic generation signals. However, the adopted forward transmission type geometry is not feasible for future clinical diagnosis. In this paper, first virtual biopsy based on backward propagating optical higher harmonics, combining second harmonic and third harmonic, is demonstrated in the fixed human skin specimens. In our study, third harmonic generation can provide morphologic information including the distribution of basal cells while second harmonic generation can provide distribution of collagen fibers in dermis. Therefore, this technique is ideal for future noninvasive in vivo skin disease examination without dye.
Task Force on Africa’s Current Social and Economic Crisis (1990)

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Chemistry of Hydrogen-Octasilsesquioxane:  Preparation and Characterization of Octasilsesquioxane-Containing Polymers (2000)

Over the past five years, there have been a number of studies that have concerned themselves with controlling the structure of inorganic networks. Many of these studies have been undertaken due to the need for more advanced or structurally ordered materials in a variety of electrical and optical applications. One of the approaches to create materials that are structurally ordered has been to assemble the higher molecular weight polymers and materials not from monomeric precursors but from partially assembled oligomeric structural building blocks. In the silicone materials area, the well-known completely condensed cages Tn or Qnn- offer convenient higher order building blocks for larger structural assemblies. In most cases materials made by employing these cages as the building blocks have afforded gels or insoluble network materials due to the high degree of functionality (typically n) present in these building blocks. In this paper, we report the preparation of soluble resins that are HT8 cages linked together with divinyl species as links made by hydrosilation chemistry and their characterization as it relates to previously reported studies. We have employed a range of linking groups (L) from organics (divinyl benzene) and α−Ω functional siloxanes (from a degree of polymerization, DP, of 2−12). Interestingly, we have also found it possible to make soluble network materials even when employing two linking groups (L) per cage. We have combined the characterization of the high-molecular-weight polymers with detailed characterization of small molecules made by these same hydrosilation reactions to provide insights into some relatively simple model Si−resin systems. The characterization of these relatively simple systems helps provide insights into the structure ↔ property relationships of silicone materials in general.
Look into my eyes: Gaze direction and person memory (2004)

The current research considered the effects of gaze direction on a fundamental aspect of social cogition: person memory. It was anticipated that a person's direction of gaze (i.e., direct or averted) would impact his or her subsequent memorability, such that recognition would be enhanced for targets previously displaying direct gaze. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with faces displaying either direct or averted gaze in a person-classification (i.e., conceptual) task. Then, in a surprise memory test, they were required to report whether a presented face had been seen before. As expected, a recognition advantage was observed for targets displaying direct gaze during the initial classification task. This finding was replicated and extended in a second experiment in which participants initially reported the spatial location (i.e., perceptual task) of each face. We consider the implications of these findings for basic aspects of social-cognitive functioning and person perception.
Sleep-wake regulation is altered in leptin-resistant (<i>db/db</i>) genetically obese and diabetic mice (2008)

Recent epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that the control of sleep-wake states may be an important factor in the regulation of energy metabolism. Leptin is a peripherally synthesized hormone that has critical signaling properties in the brain for the control of long-term energy homeostasis. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that leptin signaling exerts a role in sleep-wake regulation and that leptin may represent an important mechanistic link in the coordination of sleep-wake states and metabolism. Sleep-wake patterns were recorded in a genetic mouse model of obesity and diabetes, the db/db mouse, which harbors a mutation in a particular isoform of the leptin receptor (long form, LRb). We found that db/db mice exhibit a variety of alterations in sleep regulation, including an increase in overall sleep time, a dramatic increase in sleep fragmentation, attenuated diurnal rhythmicity in rapid eye movement sleep and non-rapid eye movement EEG delta power (a measure of sleep homeostatic drive), and a decrease in the compensatory response to acute (i.e., 6 h) sleep deprivation. The db/db mice also generated low amounts of locomotor activity and a reduction in the diurnal rhythm of activity. These results indicate that impaired leptin signaling has deleterious effects on the regulation of sleep amount, sleep architecture, and temporal consolidation of these arousal states. In summary, leptin may represent an important molecular component in the integration of sleep, circadian rhythms, and energy metabolism.
A clinical study on the effect of reinforcement of kidney on senile brain functions. (1997)

In this study, Wu Zi Yan Zong ([symbol: see text] WZYZ) fluid was used as the main recipe for reinforcement of the kidney. Six weeks after the therapy, the abilities of instantaneous memory and the memory of the segments of logical story were elevated, the time of upright standing with one leg and closure of the eye was prolonged, and the hand tremor and degree of kidney deficiency were improved, but the memory width (memory in sequence and in reverse sequence of a figure) showed no significant difference in comparison with that before treatment.
High sensitivity of VPE-grown InGaAs/InP-heterostructure APD with buffer layer and guard-ring structure (1984)

A planar-type InGaAs/InP-heterostructure APD with an InGaAsP buffer layer was made by using a VPE technique. To avoid the edge breakdown, a guard-ring structure was employed. The average received optical power for a 10−9 error rate at 280 Mbit/s was as low as −43 dBm, which corresponded to 2 and 7 dB improvements over a Ge-APD at 1.52 and 1.59 μm, respectively.
Single-Particle Electrode Aqueous Microbatteries (2005)

Methods are herein described for the assembly and electrochemical characterization of and nickel∣metal-hydride (Ni∣MH) alkaline batteries incorporating single microparticles of the active materials. As evidenced by the data collected, the voltage-time profiles for constant current operation for both types of devices were found to be similar to those of commercially available batteries involving the same chemistries. These results open new prospects for the development of aqueous primary and secondary micropower sources for application in a variety of technical areas.
Core-exciton absorption in the F<i>K</i>absorption spectra of 3<i>d</i>transition-metal fluorides (1988)

Near-edge structure in the F K absorption spectra of 3d transition-metal fluorides, ${\mathrm{MnF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CoF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{NiF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CuF}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{ZnF}}_{2}$, are measured. The shoulder structures or weak peaks located at the absorption threshold are observed. The origin of these peaks is attributed to the core-exciton absorption. This core-exciton absorption is accompanied by the transition from the 1s orbitals of fluorides to the 3d orbitals of the metal ion which hybridized with the anion 2p orbitals. Chemical shifts of the first peak are clearly observed and discussed in terms of the ionization potentials of the metal ions. It is found that the F K absorption spectra of the 3d transition-metal fluorides are quite similar to the Cl K absorption spectra of the 3d transition-metal chlorides.
Plasma miR-124 as a biomarker for cerebral infarction (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs that play an important role in various physiological processes by downregulating target genes. Recently, plasma miRNAs have been investigated as biomarkers for various diseases. In this study, miRNA array analysis in various tissues showed that miR-124 is almost exclusively expressed in the central nervous system and neuronal cells, suggesting that it might be useful as a potential biomarker for neurological diseases. We examined whether plasma concentrations of brain-specific miRNA can serve as a biomarker for cerebral infarction, where the cerebral infarction was modeled by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat. Plasma concentrations of miR-124 were significantly elevated at 6 h, and remained elevated at 48 h after MCAO introduction. Thus, plasma concentration of miR-124 provides a promising candidate biomarker for early detection of cerebral infarction.
Dinuclear nitrido-bridged ruthenium complexes bearing diimine ligands (2017)

Reactions of K<sub>3</sub>[Ru<sub>2</sub>NCl<sub>8</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>] with 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmbpy), and 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine (dmobpy) yielded the nitrido-bridged dinuclear complexes [Ru<sub>2</sub>N(L)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>5</sub>(DMF)] where L = bpy (1), dmbpy (2), and dmobpy (3). The crystal structures of these complexes reveal a linear Ru-N-Ru moiety with each ruthenium center bearing a bidentate diimine ligand. The complexes were further characterized by NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopic methods and cyclic voltammetry. Because the compounds bear some structural similarities with the mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor Ru360, the ability of these complexes to act in this capacity was evaluated. The results demonstrate that 1-3 all fail to block mitochondrial calcium uptake, revealing new facets of the structure-activity relationships for ruthenium-based mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitors.
Endurance Enhancement of Multi-Level Cell Phase Change Memory (2019)

Phase change memory (PCM) is a promising device for its good scalability and negligible standby power consumption. Multi-level cell (MLC) PCM allows higher memory density, but it suffers from reduced endurance due to frequent RESET operations during writing. Inter-state direct write (ISDW) method is proposed, in which intermediate states `01' and `10' are reached without RESET initialization. A new MLC PCM model is presented, which takes account of phase configuration of each MLC PCM state; the feasibility of ISDW is assessed using the model. Compression-based RESET removal encoding (CRE) is also proposed to further reduce the number of RESET operations. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve 38.4× enhancement of cell endurance; the writing energy dissipation is reduced to 31% on average of test cases.
Two Decades of Homelessness Policy: The Known and Unknown (2007)

Since the passing of the first SAAP Act in 1985, bookshelves in community sector organisations and government offices have become swollen (and even fallen over I'm told) under the weight of reports, research documents, reviews, evaluations and proposals for change. And since the establishment of the National Data Collection Agency in 1995, we can add to that even more shelves of data, data analysis and annual reports. This article will start with an analysis of what we do know from all this material.
Directed Evolution of an Esterase from <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> Yields a Mutant with Excellent Enantioselectivity and Activity for the Kinetic Resolution of a Chiral Building Block (2006)

A triple mutant of an esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFE) that was created by directed evolution exhibited high enantioselectivity (E=89) in a kinetic resolution and yielded the building block (S)-but-3-yn-2-ol. Surprisingly, a mutation close to the active site caused the formation of inclusion bodies, but remote mutations were found to be responsible for the high selectivity. Back mutations gave a variant (double mutant PFE Ile76Val/Val175Ala) that showed excellent selectivity (E=96) and activity (20 min for 50% conversion, which corresponds to 1.25 U per mg of protein).
Clinical psychologists across the years: The division of clinical psychology from 1960 to 2003 (2005)

For more than 40 years researchers have studied the members of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Division of Clinical Psychology to obtain information about their demographic characteristics, educational experiences, theoretical orientations, employment settings, professional activities, publication histories, and career satisfactions. We summarize the results from the most recent study (N=694, 46% return rate) in the historical context of the previous findings, dating back to 1960. We provide both contemporary and historical portraits of American clinical psychology. Among the most notable trends are a steady increase in female psychologists, a decline in psychological assessment in general and projective testing in particular, the modal eclectic/integrative orientation being rivaled by the cognitive orientation, a pattern of high career satisfaction, and continued enthusiasm for the Boulder model.
Counting and Classifying Small Objects by Far-Field Light Scattering (1971)

An approach to small particle counting and classification is proposed in which the size and shape distribution is determined from the far-field pattern of light scattered by the particles. By presuming that the scattering function for each particle species is known from auxiliary experiments or calculations, a general result applicable to irregular particles as well as simply shaped particles is obtained. Inversion formulas, by which the particle distribution is determined from the far-field data, are presented in forms suitable for digital or optical processing. An experimental approach to the design of a real-time optical counting and classifying instrument is suggested.
Automatic LOD selection (2017)

In this paper a method to automatically generate transition distances for LOD, improving image stability and performance is presented. Three different methods were tested all measuring the change between two level of details using the spatial frequency. The methods were implemented as an optional pre-processing step in order to determine the transition distances from multiple view directions. During run-time both view direction based selection and the furthest distance for each direction was tested in order to measure the performance and image stability. The work was implemented in the Frostbite game engine and tested using data from DICE. The result is a method that generates transition distances by calculating the spatial frequency of the exclusive or comparison between the silhouette of a ground truth mesh and each level of detail. The transition distances generated using the automatic LOD selection tool was evaluated using visual empirical tests and performance measurements comparing the performance of a scene using automatic generated distances and manually selected distances. The tests shows that the resulting method produces good transition distances for meshes where the reduction is visible in the mesh silhouette. The values might need a bit of tweaking in order to account for other image artifacts than silhouette changes but provide a good guidance to the artists.
Long‐tip guiding catheter: Successful and safe for left coronary artery angioplasty (1992)

A long-tip guiding catheter was designed for angioplasty of the left coronary artery. Principal factors of guiding catheter function were identified, and the catheter's shape was designed to utilize them efficiently. Emphasis was placed on an overbent secondary curve (150-180 degrees) for more precise catheter control. The distal tip of the catheter is 2 cm long in the 4.0 size and the primary bend is shallow, approximately 20%. A 1.5 cm long segment between the secondary and tertiary curves enhances stability and support. Catheter performance was studied during procedures on 90 patients; 89 patients underwent coronary artery angioplasty and one patient underwent diagnostic angiography. The success rate for angioplasty was 95% with no major complications. Mild pressure damping occurred in 18 patients, and mild catheter displacement from the left main coronary artery occurred in 24 patients. Catheter support was judged as excellent to very good in 82 patients. Judkins or Amplatz catheters were not required during this study. The observed disadvantages of the long-tip catheter were the risk of catheter buckling up during advancement into the left main coronary artery and, perhaps, a higher risk of pressure damping. Superselective engagement of the catheter in the left anterior descending or circumflex arteries may be a problem when the left main coronary artery is very short. This study showed the long-tip catheter to be safe and highly successful for angioplasty of the left coronary artery.
Alkylaminoanthraquinones as dyes for polypropylene fibres (1977)

The synthesis of a series of 1-alkylaminoanthraquinones is described. In general, dyeing properties and light fastness of these compounds on unmodified polypropylene fibres improves with increase in length of the alkyl chain. The presence of the n-octadecylamino group is particularly advantageous and a range of new dyes containing this substituent is described.
Low Noise Media for Future High Density Recording (1997)

FUJITSU LIMITED) 1 Contents 1. Transition of HDD Technology 2. Demand and Plan for high density recording media 3. Investigation 4. Other technology for high density recording ")'. ' . Eagle-1 Allegro-4 @' ' : ' a ; '10.5 inch Disk 3.5 inch Disk-'o .:,,'> 40 MByt~/~u2rface 960 M~~eSurface ., ..
UV−Visible Spectroelectrochemistry of Conducting Polymers. Energy Linked to Conformational Changes (1999)

Large and reverse hypsochromic and bathochromic shifts on either polaronic (1.29 eV) or bipolaronic (0.68 eV) bands have been determinated from electrochromic polypyrrole films by “in-situ” spectroelectrochemical measurements in the visible region during oxidation/reduction switching. Whatever the rate of the electrochemical reaction, or the electrochemical method used, the energy of the maxima changes linearly with the number of positive charges stored in the chains per monomeric unit. Any possible solvatochromic, ionochromic, or thermochromic effects, related to water or counterion interchange or to thermal heating by the Joule effect, have been experimentally studied and discarded as the origin of this great shift. Only the conformational changes of the polymeric chains during the electrochemically induced swelling/shrinking processes seem to be responsible for this new electrochemical way to store and release molecular energy in a reverse way, observed in polypyrrole.