gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of dope composition on the spinnability of Antarctic krill protein. (1987)

Edible protein fibers were produced by a wet Spinning technique from dopes, containing antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) muscle proteins and Na-alginate, prepared at neutral pH. Spinnability of dopes was closely related to the composition of dopes. For the dopes with low protein contents, good spinnability was only observed when protein/Na-alginate ratios were low. But when protein contents increased, an increasing protein/Na-alginate ratio was required to keep the dopes within the good spinnability zone. As protein/Naalginate ratios were 4/1 and 5/1, fibers produced from spinning dopes containing 7% protein showed adequate strength. Variations of fiber strength due to changes in such process variables, as protein and Na-alginate contents in the dopes, CaCl2 concentration and pH of the coagulation solution, were monitored. Results predicted by Sheffe's Simplex Lattice Design showed that satisfactory products were acquirable by extrusion of the dope, containing 7% protein and 1.8% Na-alginate, into a weak basic coagulation solution of 3.8% (w/v) CaCl2. Addition of reducing agents to the dopes lowered the fiber strength. Recovery of proteins increased with the increases of Na-alginate content in the dope and CaCl2 concen-
Assembly and antigenicity of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilus mapped with antibodies (1996)

The relationship between the sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilin and its quaternary assembly into pilus fibers was studied with a set of site-directed antibody probes and by mapping the specificities of antipilus antisera with peptides. Buried and exposed peptides in assembled pili were identified by competitive immunoassays and immunoelectron microscopy with polyclonal antibodies raised against 11 peptides spanning the pilin sequence. Pili did not compete significantly with pilin subunits for binding to antibodies against residues 13 to 31 (13-31) and 18-36. Pilus fibers competed well with pilin protein subunits for binding to antibodies raised against peptides 37-56, 58-78, 110-120, 115-127, 122-139, and 140-159 and competed weakly for antibodies against residues 79-93 and 94-108. Antibodies to sequence-conserved residues 37-56 and to semiconserved residues 94-108 preferentially bound pilus ends as shown by immunoelectron microscopy. The exposure of pilus regions to the immune system was tested by peptide mapping of antiserum specificities against sets of overlapping peptides representing all possible hexameric or octameric peptides from the N. gonorrhoeae MS11 pilin sequence. The immunogenicity of exposed peptides incorporating semiconserved residues 49-56 and 121-126 was revealed by strong, consistent antigenic reactivity to these regions measured in antipilus sera from rabbits, mice, and human and in sera from human volunteers with gonorrhea. The conservation and variation of antigenic responses among these three species clarify the relevance of immunological studies of other species to the human immune response against pathogens. Overall, our results explain the extreme conservation of the entire N-terminal one-third of the pilin protein by its dominant role in pilus assembly: hydrophobic residues 1-36 are implicated in buried lateral contacts, and polar residues 37-56 are implicated in longitudinal contacts within the pilus fiber.
Model-Trained Neural Networks and Electronic Holography Demonstrated to Detect Damage in Blades (1998)

Detect Damage in Blades Electronic holography can show damaged regions in fan blades at 30 frames/sec. The electronic holograms are transformed by finite-element-model-trained artificial neural networks to visualize the damage. The trained neural networks are linked with video and graphics to visualize the bending-induced strain distribution, which is very sensitive to damage. By contrast, it is very difficult to detect damage by viewing the raw, speckled, characteristic fringe patterns. For neural-network visualization of damage, 2 frames or 2 fields are used, rather than the 12 frames normally used to compute the displacement distribution from electronic holograms. At the NASA Lewis Research Center, finite element models are used to compute displacement and strain distributions for the vibration modes of undamaged and cracked blades. A model of electronic time-averaged holography is used to transform the displacement distributions into finite-element-resolution characteristic fringe patterns. Then, a feedforward neural network is trained with the fringe-pattern/strain-pattern pairs, and the neural network, electronic holography, and video are implemented on a workstation. Now that the neural networks have been tested successfully at 30 frames/sec on undamaged and cracked cantilevers, the electronic holography and neural-network processing are being adapted for onsite damage inspection of twisted fan blades and rotormounted blades. Our conclusion is that model-trained neural nets are effective when they are trained with good models whose application is well understood. This work supports the aeromechanical testing portion of the Advanced Subsonic Technology Project.
Intelligent Agent-Based Data Mining in Electronic Markets (2000)

The advent of web-based electronic commerce has brought a tremendous increase in the volume of âcollectable dataâ that can be mined for valuable managerial knowledge. Utilizing intelligent agents can enhance the data mining procedures that are employed in this process. We focus on the role of data mining and intelligent agent technology in the B2C and B2B e- commerce models. By identifying the complex nature of information flows between the vast numbers of economic entities, we identify opportunities for applying data mining that can lead ultimately to knowledge discovery.
Contribution of the receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-D to chemosensory function in the olfactory epithelium (2007)

The mammalian main olfactory epithelium (MOE) recognizes and transduces olfactory cues through a G protein-coupled, cAMP-dependent signaling cascade. Additional chemosensory transduction mechanisms have been suggested but remain controversial. We show that a subset of MOE neurons expressing the orphan receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-D and the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit CNGA3 employ an excitatory cGMP-dependent transduction mechanism for chemodetection. By combining gene targeting of Gucy2d, which encodes GC-D, with patch clamp recording and confocal Ca2+ imaging from single dendritic knobs in situ, we find that GC-D cells recognize the peptide hormones uroguanylin and guanylin as well as natural urine stimuli. These molecules stimulate an excitatory, cGMP-dependent signaling cascade that increases intracellular Ca2+ and action potential firing. Responses are eliminated in both Gucy2d- and Cnga3-null mice, demonstrating the essential role of GC-D and CNGA3 in the transduction of these molecules. The sensitive and selective detection of two important natriuretic peptides by the GC-D neurons suggests the possibility that these cells contribute to the maintenance of salt and water homeostasis or the detection of cues related to hunger, satiety, or thirst.
The Darzens Condensation. II. Reaction of Chloroacetamides with Aromatic Aldehydes (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Darzens Condensation. II. Reaction of Chloroacetamides with Aromatic AldehydesC. C. Tung, A. J. Speziale, and H. W. FrazierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 6, 1514–1521Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01041a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01041a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views974Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tetraalkoxyphenanthrene:  A New Precursor for Luminescent Conjugated Polymers (2006)

[reaction: see text] We have developed a convenient synthesis of tetraalkoxyphenanthrene derivatives and demonstrated their use to form luminescent conjugated oligomers and polymers. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 2,7-diiodo-3,6-dimethoxy-9,10-di(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenanthrene produced high molecular weight poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s and low molecular weight poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s. These new polymers, which are luminescent in the solid state and in solution, may be useful for developing LED or solar cell devices, or in chemical sensors.
Adaptive Single Phase Decoding of LDPC Codes (2006)

A new "memory-aware" Low-Density Parity-Check codes decoding is presented. The proposed algorithm performs a single-phase update in which the variable node elaboration is embedded in the check node phase. This reduces the memory size to the number of bits in the codeword, for a saving of 70-80% depending on the code in use. Despite these rough approximations, simulation results on AWGN channel provide almost the same BER/FER performance of the exact belief propagation (only about 0.2 dB is lost in the transmission SNR) thanks to the introduction of stabilising factors driving the algorithm, which are adaptively updated through the decoding process. Remarkably, the decoding throughput is roughly doubled at high SNR and the computational complexity is also lower than current 2-phase serial implementations.
ISWI and CHD Chromatin Remodelers Bind Promoters but Act in Gene Bodies (2013)

ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelers influence genetic processes by altering nucleosome occupancy, positioning, and composition. In vitro, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ISWI and CHD remodelers require ,30-85 bp of extranucleosomal DNA to reposition nucleosomes, but linker DNA in S. cerevisiae averages ,20 bp. To address this discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo observations, we have mapped the genomic distributions of the yeast Isw1, Isw2, and Chd1 remodelers at base-pair resolution on native chromatin. Although these remodelers act in gene bodies, we find that they are also highly enriched at nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs), where they bind to extended regions of DNA adjacent to particular transcription factors. Surprisingly, catalytically inactive remodelers show similar binding patterns. We find that remodeler occupancy at NDRs and gene bodies is associated with nucleosome turnover and transcriptional elongation rate, suggesting that remodelers act on regions of transient nucleosome unwrapping or depletion within gene bodies subsequent to transcriptional elongation.
A Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of <scp>D</scp>‐<i>erythro</i>‐Sphingosine from <scp>D</scp>‐<i>ribo</i>‐Phytosphingosine (2011)

Abstract In this paper we describe the concise synthesis of D ‐ erythro ‐sphingosine starting from the readily available chiral building block D ‐ ribo ‐phytosphingosine. The title compound is the ubiquitous sphingolipid from which most mammalian ceramides are derived. Our work is based on the existing literature in which the same sphingoid base is used as a starting point and culminates in what we believe is the most efficient synthesis of D ‐ erythro ‐sphingosine reported to date.
The peripheral metabolism of triiodothyronine in normal subjects and in patients with hyperthyroidism (1970)

In order to assess the contribution of 3.3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T(3)) to overall thyroid hormone economy, conjoint measurements of the kinetics of peripheral T(3) metabolism and the total concentration of T(3) in serum were made in a group of normal subjects and in a group of patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease. As judged from the disappearance of trichloroacetic acid-precipitable (131)I from serum after a single intravenous dose of labeled T(3), the following mean values were obtained in the normal subjects: volume of distribution, 43 liters or 0.62 liter/kg; fractional turnover rate. 52% per 24 hr: clearance rate, 22.3 liters/24 hr: and absolute disposal rate, 60 mug/24 hr. In the patients with untreated hyperthyroidism, values for all these functions were greatly increased. After treatment, the volume of T(3) distribution returned to normal but the fractional turnover rate remained abnormally rapid.
A New Concept for Operating Simulated Moving-Bed Processes (1999)

The simulated moving-bed process (SMB) is used for continuous chromatographic separation in chemical engineering and biotechnology. In the usual operating scheme of SMB processes, the operating parameters, namely, the fluid volume flows, are kept constant. In this contribution, a new way of operating the process with volume flows varied within each switching interval is suggested. It is shown that the solvent consumption can be reduced substantially for a given feed throughput. Alternatively, the purity can be increased while keeping both the solvent consumption and the throughput constant.
Study on Optical Properties of Ceramics Scintillator for X-Ray CT Equipment (Part 1) (1993)

Demand for the improvement of the quality of X-ray CT detectors is increasing. In order to realize the requirement, Gd2O2S: Pr (Ce, F) scintillating powder was sintered using a HIP technique. The highest light output from a 1mm thick specimen combined with a silicon photodiode, when excited by 120kV X-rays, has reached 1.9 times of CdWO4 single crystals. The CT equipment of the third generation type requires high uniformity among many scintillator elements. Particularly, quality response characteristic and distribution of light output is very important. In this report, parameters which have a great influence on the quality response characteristic were studied using the Kubelka-Munk theory. Agreement between calculated and experimental results was obtained, and calculated results indicated that quality response characteristic increased with increasing optical absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient and X-ray absorption factor.
Ethylene Sensitivity and Response Sensor Expression in Petioles of Rumex Species at Low O2 and High CO2 Concentrations (1997)

Rumex palustris, a flooding-tolerant plant, elongates its petioles in response to complete submergence. This response can be partly mimicked by enhanced ethylene levels and low O2 concentrations. High levels of CO2 do not markedly affect petiole elongation in R. palustris. Experiments with ethylene synthesis and action inhibitors demonstrate that treatment with low O2 concentrations enhances petiole extension by shifting sensitivity to ethylene without changing the rate of ethylene production. The expression level of the R. palustris gene coding for the putative ethylene receptor (RP-ERS1) is up-regulated by 3% O2 and increases after 20 min of exposure to a low concentration of O2, thus preceding the first significant increase in elongation observable after 40 to 50 min. In the flooding-sensitive species Rumex acetosa, submergence results in a different response pattern: petiole growth of the submerged plants is the same as for control plants. Exposure of R. acetosa to enhanced ethylene levels strongly inhibits petiole growth. This inhibitory effect of ethylene on R. acetosa can be reduced by both low levels of O2 and/or high concentrations of CO2.
Trans-regulation of homeotic genes in Drosophila. (1992)

Homeotic genes of the Antennapedia and bithorax complexes control Drosophila development by encoding DNA-binding proteins that regulate the transcription of target genes. Because either the presence or absence of these DNA-binding proteins alters development, regulation of the spatial patterns of expression is crucial to normal development. Numerous gene products are required for properly regulated expression of Antennapedia and bithorax complex genes, but few (if any) are dedicated solely to the regulation of these genes. One of the pleiotropic activators of homeotic genes in Drosophila, the brahma gene, encodes a protein similar to a yeast protein that is required for transcriptional activation of multiple tightly regulated genes. Other components of this system may be conserved as well, suggesting that the biochemical basis for induced gene expression in single-celled organisms may have more in common with programmed developmental pathways in multicellular organisms than previously thought.
MigraineCloud (2018)

Many advancements have been made in the area of health sciences and analytics since the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and highly accurate predictive models using Machine Learning (ML). The problem of migraine, a debilitating headache which usually causes chronic neurological disorders for for patients, is one such area where both of these technologies can prove to be highly useful and help us gain insights into the causes and prevention of the problem. Prevention of migraine can only come from ubiquitous and autonomous observation and correlation of triggers and environmental parameters peculiar to a patient. However, such observations need to be aggregated without actively engaging the patient thorough questionnaires, because patients are historically reluctant to answer questions in real time, often develop false recollections, and give inaccurate answers. The advent of personal IoT smart devices makes it possible to autonomously collect trigger and environmental data, and find correlation between different factors and migraine attacks in real time so that an accurate prediction of an impending migraine attack can be made, and steps can be taken to prevent such attacks. We propose a deep learning framework - MigraineCloud - which uses a front-end migraine and trigger detection app for personal IoT mobile devices, and a back-end deep learning neural network to learn and subsequently predict the onset of migraine for a particular patient.
Switch circles from IL-4-directed epsilon class switching from human B lymphocytes. Evidence for direct, sequential, and multiple step sequential switch from <i>mu</i> to <i>epsilon</i> Ig heavy chain gene. (1994)

Ig isotype switch via deletional recombination is accompanied by excision of the intervening DNA between the two switch regions. The excised DNA is looped out as extrachromosomal circular DNA or switch circle. Such switch circles have been isolated and characterized in mice. We investigated deletional recombination in human B cells undergoing Ig isotype switching to demonstrate whether switch circles are also excised, and to thereby gain insight into the processes involved in human isotype switching. We characterized the deleted switch circular DNA from IL-4 directed mu to epsilon switching in polyclonal human B lymphocytes. By using two sets of specially designed PCR primers, we amplified switch circle fragments representing switch circles resulting from mu to epsilon direct switching and mu-gamma-epsilon sequential switching. The PCR-amplified products were subcloned by a TA cloning strategy and resulting clones were screened by hybridization with a 5'S epsilon probe. Sequence analysis of the positive clones revealed that all clones representing mu to epsilon direct switching indeed had 5'S epsilon directly joined to 3' S mu. Most clones representing mu-gamma-epsilon sequential switching showed 5'S epsilon joined to 3' S gamma as expected. However, two clones contained S mu and S alpha 1 sequences interposed between 5'S epsilon and 3'S gamma, respectively. These data demonstrate that switch circles are excised during human B cell isotype switching, and that IL-4 directed epsilon class switching is accomplished by 1) direct mu to epsilon switching, 2) sequential mu-gamma-epsilon switching, and 3) double sequential mu-alpha-gamma-epsilon switching.
High-power superluminescent diodes (1988)

By inclining the active stripe of a planar AlGaAs double heterojunction structure by 5 degrees with respect to the facets, reflection feedback has been eliminated and high-power superluminescent diodes emitting 28 mW with less than 5% spectral modulation have been obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognition (2020)

Deep neural networks can generate images that are astonishingly realistic, so much so that it is often hard for humans to distinguish them from actual photos. These achievements have been largely made possible by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). While deep fake images have been thoroughly investigated in the image domain - a classical approach from the area of image forensics - an analysis in the frequency domain has been missing so far. In this paper, we address this shortcoming and our results reveal that in frequency space, GAN-generated images exhibit severe artifacts that can be easily identified. We perform a comprehensive analysis, showing that these artifacts are consistent across different neural network architectures, data sets, and resolutions. In a further investigation, we demonstrate that these artifacts are caused by upsampling operations found in all current GAN architectures, indicating a structural and fundamental problem in the way images are generated via GANs. Based on this analysis, we demonstrate how the frequency representation can be used to identify deep fake images in an automated way, surpassing state-of-the-art methods.
Manganese Complexes as Drying Catalysts for Alkyd Paints (2005)

Common alkyd paint will not have dried within two hours without drying catalysts. The drying catalyst (also called __drier__) that is generally used is based on the heavy metal cobalt. Since cobalt salts are suspected to be carcinogenic, it is of the utmost importance that alternative driers are found and that cobalt can be replaced as a drier in alkyd paint. In this thesis newly developed manganese compounds are presented which show a comparable or better drying activity than existing cobalt driers. These manganese driers are thus potential replacements for the toxic cobalt compounds. Results pertaining to the mechanism of action of the new manganese driers are also discussed. These results will make the future development of alkyd paint driers easier. Huis-tuin-en-keuken alkydverf is uit zichzelf niet binnen twee uur droog. Daarom worden drogingsversnellers (katalysatoren) aan de verf toegevoegd, om het drogingsproces te versnellen. De meest gebruikte drogingskatalysator (ook wel __droger__ genoemd) in alkydverf is gebaseerd op het zware metaal kobalt. Aangezien kobalt vermeend carcinogeen is, is het noodzaak om alternatieve drogers te vinden zodat kobalt vervangen kan worden. In dit proefschrift worden (nieuw ontwikkelde) mangaanverbindingen gepresenteerd die dezelfde of soms zelfs een betere drogingsactiviteit vertonen als de bestaande kobaltdroger en dus als mogelijke vervanger aangemerkt kunnen worden. Ook worden resultaten gepresenteerd mbt de precieze werking van de mangaandrogers, zodat het in de toekomst makkelijker zal zijn nieuwe drogers te ontwikkelen voor bijvoorbeeld een specifieke verfformulering.