gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-energy density beams and plasmas for micro- and nano-texturing of surfaces by rapid melting and solidification (2011)

Several advances in materials research have been made due to the wide array of tools currently available for the processing of materials: plasmas, electron beams, ion beams and lasers. The area of material science is fortunate to have seen the development of these tools over the years, be it for new bulk materials, coatings or for surface modification. Several applications have benefited and many more will in the future as the properties of the materials are altered on a micro/nanoscale. Currently, several techniques exist to modify the physical, chemical and biological properties of the material surface; however, this review limits itself to surface modification applications using the rapid thermal processing (RTP) technique. First, a brief overview of the existing surface modification methods using the principles of RTP is reviewed, and then a novel method to create micro/nanostructures on the surface using pulsed plasma exposure of materials is presented.
The Design and Implementation of a High-Performance Hybrid Memory File System (2016)

The emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) connected to the memory bus provides opportunities for high-performance file accesses for its near-DRAM speed and byte-addressability. In this paper, a high-performance hybrid file system, called Hybrid Memory File System (HMFS), is designed and implemented to exploit the high speed of NVM and the large capacity of block devices. A file in HMFS can be stored across the NVM and block devices. In HMFS, each opened file is mapped to a contiguous virtual address space of the kernel. Using the related virtual address space, the physical locations of file data can be efficiently located by the hardware MMU or a dedicated page fault handler for HMFS. The file data in the NVM are accessed with high performance using the corresponding virtual addresses. The file data stored in the block devices are pre-fetched to take advantages of the NVM. Extensive experiments are conducted. The experimental results show that HMFS achieves significant performance improvement over EXT4 with a DRAM cache.
Purine-mediated growth inhibition caused by a pyrE mutation in Escherichia coli K-12 (1984)

A purine-sensitive phenotype results from a previously described mutation in the structural gene (pyrE) for orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPT) in Escherichia coli K-12. OPT from both the mutant and the wild-type was partially inhibited by adenine and adenosine, although other purine derivatives were not effective for this inhibition. The Km values of the mutant OPT were 580 and 760 microM for orotate and 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate (PRib-PP), respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the wild-type OPT were 40 and 60 microM. The intracellular level of PRib-PP was decreased to less than 15% of the normal level when purine derivatives were added to exponentially growing cultures of both the parent and mutant strains. However, this decrease of the PRib-PP level was not found in strains derived from the mutant, in which the purine-sensitive phenotype was suppressed by a secondary mutation. The purine-sensitive phenotype was caused by retardation of the pyrimidine de novo pathway, when the intracellular level of PRib-PP was diminished by exogenously supplied purine derivatives.
Quantizer design in LSP speech analysis and synthesis (2003)

The performance of several algorithms for the quantization of the line spectrum pair (LSP) parameters is studied. An adaptive method which utilizes the ordering property of the LSP parameters is presented. The performance of the different quantization schemes is studied on a long sequence of speech samples. For the spectral distortion measure, appropriate performance comparisons between the different quantization schemes are rendered. Experimental results indicate that high-quality synthesized speech can be obtained using the LSP parameters at relatively low rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Delayed Non-Match-to-Sample Radial Arm Maze Task: Application to Models of Alzheimer’s Disease (2000)

I. Introduction/Rationale ................................................................................168 A. Working and Reference Memory.......................................................169II. Detailed Methods........................................................................................169 A. Subjects...............................................................................................169 B. Apparatus............................................................................................170 C. Habituation/Training Procedure (All Arms Accessible Design) ......171 D. Delay Non-Match-to-Sample (DNMTS) Procedure ..........................172 E. Different Types of Errors in the RAM ..............................................173III. Major Variations of RAM Tasks.................................................................174 A. Non-Match-To-Sample (Free Choice) ...............................................174 B. DNMTS Free Choice .........................................................................174 C. Delayed Match-to-Sample (DMTS)...................................................174 D. Reference/Working Memory Tasks....................................................175 E. Serial Position.....................................................................................175 F. Submerged RAM................................................................................175IV. Additional Methodological Issues ..............................................................176 A. Working Memory vs. Reference Memory .........................................176
Reengineering a cardiology information system for Intranet use and Web technology (2002)

To develop a flexible Intranet-based cardiology information system, the authors reengineered their existing information management and database system using computer aided systems engineering (CASE) tools. Initially, abstract data and function modeling was employed to create entity-relationship descriptions and business process definitions within a central CASE repository. Database design wizards were then used to automatically generate a prototype database description. After design adjustments, a generator automatically compiled and executed a set of consistent DDL statements that generate the database instance according to specific vendor format. Business functions were transformed into application modules using specifications of data manipulation tasks. Sets of preferences can be assigned to each module to specify how client applications should be generated according to different flavors (e.g. HTML pages for Web access, proprietary clients, reports etc.). Reengineering the information system with CASE technology has allowed the authors to (1) increase flexibility for changes in the database design, (2) reduce client administration tasks (3) facilitate system maintenance by adapting Intranet technology and (4) reduce requirements for user support through the use of well established user interfaces.
Transforming the JSON Output of SPARQL Queries for Linked Data Clients (2018)

SPARQL endpoints are one possible access method to linked data. The results of SPARQL queries serialized in JSON are, however, not suitable to be directly used by web developers in end-user applications who often need to merge the values resulting from variable bindings. In this work, we propose a generic approach implemented in a JavaScript module that takes as input a JSON file describing both the SPARQL query and the shape of the expected output at the same time.
Accurate and Fast Asymmetric Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme for Maximum Inner Product Search (2018)

The problem of Approximate Maximum Inner Product (AMIP) search has received increasing attention due to its wide applications. Interestingly, based on asymmetric transformation, the problem can be reduced to the Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search, and hence leverage Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) to find solution. However, existing asymmetric transformations such as L2-ALSH and XBOX, suffer from large distortion error in reducing AMIP search to ANN search, such that the results of AMIP search can be arbitrarily bad. In this paper, we propose a novel Asymmetric LSH scheme based on Homocentric Hypersphere partition (H2-ALSH) for high-dimensional AMIP search. On the one hand, we propose a novel Query Normalized First (QNF) transformation to significantly reduce the distortion error. On the other hand, by adopting the homocentric hypersphere partition strategy, we can not only improve the search efficiency with early stop pruning, but also get higher search accuracy by further reducing the distortion error with limited data range. Our theoretical studies show that H2-ALSH enjoys a guarantee on search accuracy. Experimental results over four real datasets demonstrate that H2-ALSH significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art schemes.
Recent advances in sample preparation techniques for effective bioanalytical methods (2010)

This paper reviews the recent developments in bioanalysis sample preparation techniques and gives an update on basic principles, theory, applications and possibilities for automation, and a comparative discussion on the advantages and limitation of each technique. Conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), protein precipitation (PP) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques are now been considered as methods of the past. The last decade has witnessed a rapid development of novel sample preparation techniques in bioanalysis. Developments in SPE techniques such as selective sorbents and in the overall approach to SPE, such as hybrid SPE and molecularly imprinted polymer SPE, have been addressed. Considerable literature has been published in the area of solid-phase micro-extraction and its different versions, e.g. stir bar sorptive extraction, and their application in the development of selective and sensitive bioanalytical methods. Techniques such as dispersive solid-phase extraction, disposable pipette extraction and micro-extraction by packed sorbent offer a variety of extraction phases and provide unique advantages to bioanalytical methods. On-line SPE utilizing column-switching techniques is rapidly gaining acceptance in bioanalytical applications. PP sample preparation techniques such as PP filter plates/tubes offer many advantages like removal of phospholipids and proteins in plasma/serum. Newer approaches to conventional LLE techniques (salting-out LLE) are also covered in this review article.
High-risk HLA allele mismatch combinations responsible for severe acute graft-versus-host disease and implication for its molecular mechanism (2007)

In allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, an effect of HLA locus mismatch in allele level on clinical outcome has been clarified. However, the effect of each HLA allele mismatch combination is little known, and its molecular mechanism to induce acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains to be elucidated. A total of 5210 donor-patient pairs who underwent transplantation through Japan Marrow Donor Program were analyzed. All HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1, and -DPB1 alleles were retrospectively typed in all pairs. The impacts of the HLA allele mismatch combinations and amino acid substitution positions in 6 HLA loci on severe aGVHD were analyzed. A total of 15 significant high-risk HLA allele mismatch combinations and 1 HLA-DRB1-DQB1 linked mismatch combinations (high-risk mismatch) for severe aGVHD were identified, and the number of high-risk mismatches was highly associated with the occurrence of severe aGVHD regardless of the presence of mismatch combinations other than high-risk mismatch. Furthermore, 6 specific amino acid substitution positions in HLA class I were identified as those responsible for severe aGVHD. These findings provide evidence to elucidate the mechanism of aGVHD on the basis of HLA molecule. Furthermore, the identification of high-risk mismatch, that is, nonpermissive mismatch, would be beneficial for the selection of a suitable donor.
Real-Time Digitization of Metabolomics Patterns from a Living System Using Mass Spectrometry (2014)

The real-time quantification of changes in intracellular metabolic activities has the potential to vastly improve upon traditional transcriptomics and metabolomics assays for the prediction of current and future cellular phenotypes. This is in part because intracellular processes reveal themselves as specific temporal patterns of variation in metabolite abundance that can be detected with existing signal processing algorithms. Although metabolite abundance levels can be quantified by mass spectrometry (MS), large-scale real-time monitoring of metabolite abundance has yet to be realized because of technological limitations for fast extraction of metabolites from cells and biological fluids. To address this issue, we have designed a microfluidic-based inline small molecule extraction system, which allows for continuous metabolomic analysis of living systems using MS. The system requires minimal supervision, and has been successful at real-time monitoring of bacteria and blood. Feature-based pattern analysis of Escherichia coli growth and stress revealed cyclic patterns and forecastable metabolic trajectories. Using these trajectories, future phenotypes could be inferred as they exhibit predictable transitions in both growth and stress related changes. Herein, we describe an interface for tracking metabolic changes directly from blood or cell suspension in real-time.
Transcriptional organization and regulation of expression of region 1 of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster (1996)

The transcriptional organization and regulation of region 1 expression of the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster were studied. Region 1 was transcribed as an 8.0-kb polycistronic mRNA which was processed to form a separate 1.3-kb transcript encoding the 3'-most gene kpsS. Transcription of region 1 of the E. coli K5 capsule gene cluster was directed from a single promoter 225 bp upstream of a previously unidentified gene, kpsF. The promoter had -35 and -10 consensus sequences typical of an E. coli sigma 70 promoter, with no similarities to binding sites for other sigma factors. Two integration host factor (IHF) binding site consensus sequences were identified 110 bp upstream and 130 bp downstream of the transcription start site. In addition, two AT-rich regions separated by 16 bp identified upstream of the region 1 promoter were conserved upstream of the region 3 promoter. The kpsF gene was 98.8% identical with the kpsF gene identified in the E. coli K1 antigen gene cluster and confirms that the kpsF gene is conserved among group II capsule gene clusters. An intragenic Rho-dependent transcriptional terminator was discovered within the kpsF gene. No essential role for KpsF in the expression of the K5 antigen could be established. The temperature regulation of region 1 expression was at the level of transcription, with no transcription detectable in cells grown at 18 degrees C. Mutations in regulatory genes known to control temperature-dependent expression of a number of virulence genes had no effect on the temperature regulation of region 1 expression. Likewise, RfaH, which is known to regulate expression of E. coli group II capsules had no effect on the expression of region 1. Mutations in the himA and himD genes which encode the subunits of the IHF led to a fivefold reduction in the expression of KpsE at 37 degrees C, confirming a regulatory role for IHF in the expression of region 1 genes.
Analysis of the Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Complement of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> : Identification of a Third <i>N-</i> Acetylglucosaminidase, AcmC (2004)

The peptidoglycan hydrolase (PGH) complement of Lactococcus lactis was identified by amino acid sequence similarity searching of the L. lactis IL-1403 complete genome sequence. Five PGHs that are not encoded by prophages were detected, including the previously characterized AcmA and AcmB proteins. Four of these PGHs, AcmA to AcmD, contain a catalytic domain homologous to that of enterococcal muramidase, but they have different domain structures. The fifth one (YjgB) has sequence similarity with the active-site domain of peptidoglycan-specific endopeptidases. The three new PGH-encoding genes identified in this study are all actively transcribed in L. lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363. The relative abundance of their transcripts varied during growth and was maximal during the early exponential growth phase. The three encoded proteins have peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing activities which are detected only at acidic pHs by zymography. Like AcmA and AcmB, AcmC has N-acetylglucosaminidase activity rather than the N-acetylmuramidase activity predicted by sequence similarity.
HDPE Surface Functionalization by Low-Energy Ion-Beam Irradiation under a Reactive O<sub>2</sub> Environment and Its Effect on the HDPE/Nylon 66 Blend (2001)

A low energy Ar+ ion-beam was used to modify the surface of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) dry powder. The modification reaction was promoted by the oxygen gas injected during the irradiation. This simple modification route is characterized as a heterogeneous, solvent-free, environmentally favorable process. The surface functional groups of the modified HDPE were confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as being various oxygen-containing functional groups. The concentration of the functional groups varied rapidly with the irradiation time, reached a maximum value and then slowly decreased. Because of the low-energy characteristics of the ion beam, the changes in the molecular weight, the melting temperature, and the crystallinity of the modified HDPE were not significant, as evidenced by gel-permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The rheological behavior of an HDPE/nylon 66 (Ny66) blend, which depends on the blend composition, was complicated due to immiscibility whereas the ion-beam-irradiated HDPE/Ny66 blend showed a more systematic behavior. Also, the compatibility effect of ion-beam-treated HDPE was investigated in the blend of HDPE/ Ny66. In the ion-beam-irradiated HDPE/blends, a significant decrease in the domain size of the dispersed phase was observed. Theoretical models were used to estimate the interfacial tension of HDPE/Ny66 blends. The calculated interfacial tension of an ion-beam-treated HDPE/Ny66 blend was less than that of a nontreated HDPE/Ny66 blend, indicating a greater interaction between the ion-beam-treated HDPE and the Ny66 phases. In addition, the mechanical properties of the ion-beam-treated HDPE/Ny66 blend showed a positive deviation from the rule of mixture. Finally, an explanation of the compatibilizing effect of ion-beam-treated HDPE is presented.
Comparison of action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from bacillus megaterium, b. circulans, b. stearothermophilus and b. macerans. (1982)

By using the highly purified cyclodextrin glucanotransferase ([EC. 2. 4. 1. 19], CGT-ase) from Bacillus stearothermophilus TC-60, intramolecular and intermolecular transglycosylation, hydrol ytic reaction on starch and α-, β- and γ-CD and disproportionation reaction on maltotriose were investigated to compare with those of CGT-ases from B. megaterium, B. circulans ATCC 9995 and B. macerans IFO 3490. CGT-ase from B, stearothermophilus was found to be a novel type of CGT-ase, different from CGT-ases of B. megaterium, B. circulans and B. macerans.
The MIT Lincoln Laboratory Pulsed Plasma Thruster (1976)

Abstract : This report discusses the development program for the LES-8/9 flight pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs); in particular: (1) the testing of PPT electronic components, (2) the changes made in the electronic circuitry as a consequence of thruster operation, (3) the testing of flight PPTs, and (4) the integration of PPTs to the LES-8/9 satellite. As a result of a series of problems in the PPT electronics the thrusters were eventually replaced on LES-8/ 9 by a cold ammonia gas system. Work continued, however, and ultimately the PPT system was proven flightworthy by successfully completing the thruster ground test program.
Classification of rigid and deformable objects using a novel tactile sensor (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel tactile-array sensor for use in robotic grippers based on flexible piezoresistive rubber. We start by describing the physical principles of piezoresistive materials, and continue by outlining how to build a flexible tactile-sensor array using conductive thread electrodes. A real-time acquisition system scans the data from the array which is then further processed. We validate the properties of the sensor in an application that classifies a number of household objects while performing a palpation procedure with a robotic gripper. Based on the haptic feedback, we classify various rigid and deformable objects. We represent the array of tactile information as a time series of features and use this as the input for a k-nearest neighbors classifier. Dynamic time warping is used to calculate the distances between different time series. The results from our novel tactile sensor are compared to results obtained from an experimental setup using a Weiss Robotics tactile sensor with similar characteristics. We conclude by exemplifying how the results of the classification can be used in different robotic applications.
Friedel–Crafts Crosslinked Highly Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) Membranes for a Vanadium/Air Redox Flow Battery (2013)

Highly conductive and low vanadium permeable crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (cSPEEK) membranes were prepared by electrophilic aromatic substitution for a Vanadium/Air Redox Flow Battery (Vanadium/Air-RFB) application. Membranes were synthesized from ethanol solution and crosslinked under different temperatures with 1,4-benzenedimethanol and ZnCl2 via the Friedel-Crafts crosslinking route. The crosslinking mechanism under different temperatures indicated two crosslinking pathways: (a) crosslinking on the sulfonic acid groups; and (b) crosslinking on the backbone. It was observed that membranes crosslinked at a temperature of 150 °C lead to low proton conductive membranes, whereas an increase in crosslinking temperature and time would lead to high proton conductive membranes. High temperature crosslinking also resulted in an increase in anisotropy and water diffusion. Furthermore, the membranes were investigated for a Vanadium/Air Redox Flow Battery application. Membranes crosslinked at 200 °C for 30 min with a molar ratio between 2:1 (mol repeat unit:mol benzenedimethanol) showed a proton conductivity of 27.9 mS/cm and a 100 times lower VO2+ crossover compared to Nafion.