gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrastes de peuplement et de niveau de vie dans le Nord de la Moselle. Contribution à l'étude de l'urbanisation des campagnes (1966)

Résumé. La concentration d'industrie lourde que constitue le bassin houiller de Moselle a transformé plus ou moins profondément les campagnes environnantes. La présente étude a pour but d'illustrer ces transformations par trois exemples très différents, choisis dans trois zones de plus en plus éloignées du centre industriel. Le premier exemple est pris en plein cœur de la zone résidentielle des mineurs, où la population, en bonne partie faite d'immigrants étrangers, est complètement coupée du milieu rural préexistant. Le deuxième exemple, situé à quelques kilomètres plus loin des sièges charbonniers, montre que la compénétration initiale des modes de vie agricole et industriel fait de plus en plus place à une séparation entre des mineurs à plein temps, d'une part, et, d'autre part, d'authentiques cultivateurs qui mènent une agriculture pilote au milieu des terres abandonnées par les anciens ouvriers-paysans. Enfin le troisième exemple concerne un village plus éloigné, à peine touché par l'influence du bassin minier, et où le retard pris dans la rénovation des structures agricoles s'explique par un niveau de vie nettement inférieur et par l'isolement.
Fast software implementation of MPEG advanced audio encoder (2003)

An optimized software implementation of a high quality MPEG AAC-LC (low complexity) audio encoder is presented in this paper. The standard reference encoder is improved by utilizing several algorithmic optimizations (fast psycho-acoustic model, new tonality estimation, new time domain block switching, optimized quantizer and Huffman coder) and very careful code optimizations for PC CPU architectures with SIMD (single-instruction-multiple-data) instruction set. The psychoacoustic model used the MDCT filterbank for energy estimation and peak detection as a measure of tonality. Block size decision is based on local perceptual entropies as well as LPC analysis of the time signal. Algorithmic optimizations in the quantizer include loop control module modification and optimized Huffman search. Code optimization is based on parallel processing by replacing vector algebra and math junctions with their optimized equivalents with Intel/sup /spl reg// Signal Processing Library (SPL). The implemented codec outperforms consumer MP3 encoders at 30% less bitrate at the same time achieving encoding times several times faster than real-time.
Ethyl Phenylcyanopyruvate (2003)

Abstract Ethyl phenylcyanopyruvate product: ethyl phenylcyanopyruvate
Hormonal therapy for bleeding gastrointestinal mucosal vascular abnormalities: a promising alternative (1997)

Recurrent bleeding from an obscure gastrointestinal source is a common but often frustrating clinical challenge. Frequently these bleeds can be attributed to vascular anomalies in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. Traditional management has included surgical resection and endoscopic fulguration. However, these methods are often ineffective when vascular lesions are diffuse, difficult to identify, or endoscopically inaccessible. Hormone therapy with a combination of oestrogen and progesterone represents a promising alternative. Since initial reports of success in patients with epistaxis from hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, growing evidence supports its role in reducing bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular anomalies. Existing literature is critically reviewed and management strategies incorporating hormone therapy are suggested.
Distinct Immune Response in Two MERS-CoV-Infected Patients: Can We Go from Bench to Bedside? (2014)

One year after the occurrence of the first case of infection by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) there is no clear consensus on the best treatment to propose. The World Health Organization, as well as several other national agencies, are still working on different clinical approaches to implement the most relevant treatment in MERS-CoV infection. We compared innate and adaptive immune responses of two patients infected with MERS-CoV to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the response and propose potential therapeutic approaches. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) of the first week and sera of the first month from the two patients were used in this study. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) was performed after extraction of RNA from BAL cells of MERS-CoV infected patients and control patients. BAL supernatants and sera were used to assess cytokines and chemokines secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The first patient died rapidly after 3 weeks in the intensive care unit, the second patient still recovers from infection. The patient with a poor outcome (patient 1), compared to patient 2, did not promote type-1 Interferon (IFN), and particularly IFNα, in response to double stranded RNA (dsRNA) from MERS-CoV. The absence of IFNα, known to promote antigen presentation in response to viruses, impairs the development of a robust antiviral adaptive Th-1 immune response. This response is mediated by IL-12 and IFNγ that decreases viral clearance; levels of both of these mediators were decreased in patient 1. Finally, we confirm previous in vitro findings that MERS-CoV can drive IL-17 production in humans. Host recognition of viral dsRNA determines outcome in the early stage of MERS-CoV infection. We highlight the critical role of IFNα in this initial stage to orchestrate a robust immune response and bring substantial arguments for the indication of early IFNα treatment during MERS-CoV infection.
Cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E is reduced in Alzheimerʼs disease (1994)

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE is synthesized within the brain and has been suggested to be involved in the re-utilization of membrane lipids during neuronal repair and remyelination after injury. Spherical ApoE-containing lipoprotein particles are found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To study further the pathogenetic role of ApoE in degenerative brain disorders, we analysed ApoE in CSF. A significant (p < 0.001) reduction of CSF ApoE (1.5 +/- 1.2 ng ml-1) was found in AD compared with controls (5.0 +/- 2.7 ng ml-1). A less pronounced reduction was also found in frontal lobe dementia (3.1 +/- 1.5 ng ml-1; p < 0.05). These findings support the hypothesis that ApoE is involved in the pathogenesis of degenerative brain disorders such as AD. An increased reutilization of ApoE-lipid complexes in the brain, as part of a generalized repair process, may explain the low CSF ApoE in AD. Alternatively, the reduction of CSF ApoE may be caused by absorption of ApoE to senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Research on Characteristics and Trends of Traffic Flow Based on Mixed Velocity Method and Background Difference Method (2020)

This research is conducted on the characters and trends of traffic flow in highway maintenance work areas under typical maintenance work forms. In order to improve the safety of the highway maintenance work area, a data monitoring method based on the combination of mixed speed measurement and background difference method were developed. During the on-site detection, the starting point of the warning zone, the starting point of the upstream transition zone, the starting point of the working zone, the midpoint of the working zone, and the six speed measurement sections of the working zone were collected at the end point and the end zone. In the video detection, the background subtraction was used, and the morphological denoting method and the connected domain analysis method were used to retain the vehicle foreground. After analyzing the connection domain and removing the wrong target, the vehicle target area is extracted from research. The research finally obtained the traffic flow characteristics of the start point of the warning zone, the start point of the upstream transition zone, the start point of the work zone, the midpoint of the work zone, the end point of the work zone, and the end point of the downstream transition zone. The study also obtained the traffic volume and the change trend of headway. The combination of mixed velocity method and background difference method is helpful for data monitoring in typical highway maintenance work areas. The measured data results are helpful for studying the distribution characteristics and trends of traffic flow in typical highway maintenance work areas.
Immunochemical characterization of high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Fisher immunotype 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1984)

A high-molecular-weight polysaccharide (PS) was isolated from the culture supernatant of a Fisher immunotype 3 (IT-3) strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Consistent with previously reported findings for IT-1 and IT-2 PS, the preparation of IT-3 PS was found to be an immunogenic, nontoxic form of the O polysaccharide side chain on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The IT-3 PS was mainly carbohydrate in composition. It was serologically and chemically identical to LPS O side chain, but distinct from that structure in molecular size and immunogenicity. The IT-3 PS was nontoxic in mice and guinea pigs, nonpyrogenic in rabbits, and greater than 1,000-fold less reactive than IT-3 LPS in gelation of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate. Preliminary analyses by gas-liquid chromatography and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance have established the structural identity of IT-3 high-molecular-weight PS and the IT-3 O side chain. IT-3 PS was immunogenic in rabbits and mice. After active immunization, mice were protected against P. aeruginosa IT-3 intraperitoneal infection and burn wound sepsis. IT-3 PS also elicited protection against challenge with an IT-5 strain of P. aeruginosa, indicating that low-level contamination of the IT-3 PS with IT-3 LPS was not responsible for the immunogenic activity. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of preparing nontoxic immunogenic IT-3 PS capable of eliciting serotype-specific protective antibodies, employing methods similar to those previously described for the isolation of PS from other P. aeruginosa immunotypes.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy–mediated Neurofeedback Enhances Efficacy of Motor Imagery–based Training in Poststroke Victims (2013)

Our results suggest that near-infrared spectroscopy-mediated neurofeedback may enhance the efficacy of mental practice with motor imagery and augment motor recovery in poststroke patients with severe hemiparesis.
The<i>oriC</i>unwinding by<i>dam</i>methylation in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1988)

It has been shown that dam methylation is important in the regulation of initiation of DNA replication in E.coli. The question then arises as to whether dam methylation in the oriC region mediates any structural changes in DNA involved in the regulation of initiation of DNA replication. We demonstrate that the thermal melting temperature of the oriC region is lowered by adenine methylation at GATC sites. The regulation of initiation of DNA replication by dam methylation may be attributed to the ease of unwinding at GATC sites in oriC.
Metabolic interactions in methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bioreactors (2005)

In environments where the amount of electron acceptors is insufficient for complete breakdown of organic matter, methane is formed as the major reduced end product. In such methanogenic environments organic acids are degraded by syntrophic consortia of acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Hydrogen consumption by methanogens is essential for acetogenic bacteria to convert organic acids to acetate and hydrogen. Several syntrophic cocultures growing on propionate and butyrate have been described. These syntrophic fatty acid-degrading consortia are affected by the presence of sulfate. When sulfate is present sulfate-reducing bacteria compete with methanogenic archaea for hydrogen and acetate, and with acetogenic bacteria for propionate and butyrate. Sulfate-reducing bacteria easily outcompete methanogens for hydrogen, but the presence of acetate as carbon source may influence the outcome of the competition. By contrast, acetoclastic methanogens can compete reasonably well with acetate-degrading sulfate reducers. Sulfate-reducing bacteria grow much faster on propionate and butyrate than syntrophic consortia.
Activation of apoptotic processes during transition from hypertrophy to heart failure in guinea pigs (2007)

Changes in oxidative stress and apoptotic process were studied during the progression of a compensated hypertrophy to a decompensated heart failure in guinea pigs. Banding of the ascending aorta resulted in heart hypertrophy. At 10 wk, ventricle-to-body weight ratio and thickness of the interventricular septum as well as the left ventricular wall were increased significantly. Although fractional shortening and ejection fraction were decreased, there were no signs of heart failure. Furthermore, there was no increase in wet-to-dry weight ratios for the lungs and liver at this stage. However, at 20 wk, heart failure was characterized by a significant depression in heart function as indicated by a decrease in fractional shortening, and ejection fraction and a lesser increase in wall thickness from diastole to systole. Animals also showed clinical signs of heart failure, and the wet-to-dry weight ratios of the lungs and liver were significantly higher. Cardiomyocyte oxidative stress was significantly higher in the 20-wk aortic-banded group. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-xl showed an increase at 10 wk, and there was a further increase at 20 wk. Mitochondrial membrane potential in the aortic-banded animals was significantly decreased at 10 and 20 wk. Cytochrome c levels were higher in the cytosol compared with the mitochondria, leading to a considerable increase in the expression of p17 subunit of caspase-3. At 20 wk, both early and late stages of apoptosis were observed in isolated cardiomyocytes. It is suggested that an increase in oxidative stress initiates mitochondrial death pathway during the hypertrophic stage, leading to apoptosis and heart failure at a later stage.
Cumulative Advantage, Cumulative Disadvantage, and Inequality Among Elderly People (1990)

It is often asserted that economic inequality narrows after age 65 when benefit programs replace labor markets as principal income sources. However, analysis of recent Census data suggests inequality is greatest among elderly people. The worst off one-fifth of the elderly (disproportionately unmarried women, minorities, and the physically impaired) receives 5.5% of the elderly's total resources, whereas the best off one-fifth receives 46%. Equalizing effects of Social Security are more than outweighed by private pensions, asset income, and other sources. Findings suggest a process of cumulative economic advantage and disadvantage throughout the life course.
Laser-activated surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates capable of single molecule detection (2006)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates were obtained through silver reduction on and by nanostructured Si films. The absence of any chemical agents on the Ag nanoparticle surfaces allows analyte adsorption and SERS detection immediately with spotting. These SERS substrates have the further unique and useful attribute of being laser activated; i.e., laser impingement causes Ostwald ripening and formation of aggregates (e.g., dimers and trimers), which are essential for single molecule detection. Single molecule detection of fluorescein characterized with intermittent spectral fluctuations as well as a dramatic decrease in inhomogeneous Raman linewidth was demonstrated.
Low-power UWB LNA with common-gate and current-reuse techniques (2012)

A common-gate (CG) low-noise amplifier (LNA) that uses the current-reuse technique and is intended to achieve both ultra-wideband and low-power consumption is proposed. The CG amplifier enables wide-band input matching with low transconductance and low frequency-independent noise figure (NF) when employed at the input stage compared with the common-source amplifier. The current-reuse technique is adopted in order to reduce the power dissipation while achieving reasonable power gain. In addition, a shunt and series peaking technique is adopted to obtain wide bandwidth. The proposed LNA achieves a 3-dB bandwidth from 2.4 to 11.2 GHz, a maximum power gain of 14.8 dB, a minimum NF of 3.9 dB and a third-order input intercept point of −11.5 dBm while consuming 3.4 mW from a 1.5 V supply. A 0.18-μm CMOS process is utilised to fabricate the LNA.
Lipoprotein‐free amyloidogenic peptides in plasma are elevated in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome (1999)

About 90% of the soluble amyloid β (sAβ) that circulates in normal human plasma is associated with lipoprotein particles. In sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients, free sAβ42 but not sAβ40 is increased approximately 2.3-fold compared with age-matched controls, although a more marked elevation (approximately 8-fold for free sAβ40 and about 20-fold for sAβ42) is found in Down's syndrome patients. The data suggest that lipoprotein-sAβ dissociation may contribute to the influx of sAβ into the brain as a result of decreased plasma clearance. Ann Neurol 1999;45:537–541
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RNA APTAMERS SPECIFIC FOR THE HUMAN TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 3 ECTODOMAIN (2009)

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) detects double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), known to be a universal viral molecular pattern, and activates the antiviral immune response. While TLR3 preferentially recognizes polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), no sequence-specific dsRNA has been shown to activate TLR3. To determine whether TLR3 preferentially recognizes a specific RNA sequence or structure that acts upon the TLR3 signaling pathway, in vitro selection against the human TLR3 ectodomain (TLR3 ECD) was performed. After the seventh selection cycle, two major classes, Family-I and Family-II, emerged from 64 clones with binding constants of about 3 nM. To examine the structure–function relationship of Family-I and-II aptamers, mutational analyses and RNase mapping were carried out. Furthermore, to elucidate the effect of selected aptamers on TLR3 signaling in vivo, a reporter gene assay was conducted in cells. These aptamers did not have any agonistic or antagonistic effects on TLR3 signaling in TLR3-transfected HEK293 cells, although they bound to TLR3 ECD with high affinity in vitro. These results suggest that selection of RNA aptamers for TLR3 ECD should be performed under physiological conditions, since TLR3 ECD localizes in acidic compartments such as endosomes. (Keywords) Toll-like receptor 3, TLR3 ectodomain, RNA aptamer,
IL-10 induces the development of immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DRlow/− monocytes in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2015)

The biological role of monocytes and macrophages in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is not fully understood. We have previously reported that monocytes from patients with B-cell NHL have an immunosuppressive CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) phenotype that correlates with a poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism by which CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes develop in lymphoma is unknown. In the present study, we found that interleukin (IL)-10, which is increased in the serum of patients with B-cell NHL, induced the development of the CD4(+)HLA-DR(low/-) population. Using peripheral blood samples from patients with B-cell NHL, we found that absolute numbers of CD14(+) monocytic cells with an HLA-DR(low/-) phenotype were higher than healthy controls and correlated with a higher International Prognostic Index score. IL-10 serum levels were elevated in lymphoma patients compared with controls and were associated with increased peripheral monocyte counts. Treatment of monocytes with IL-10 in vitro significantly decreased HLA-DR expression and resulted in the expansion of CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) population. We found that lymphoma B cells produce IL-10 and supernatants from cultured lymphoma cells increased the CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) population. Furthermore, we found that IL-10-induced CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes inhibited the activation and proliferation of T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that elevated IL-10 serum levels contribute to increased numbers of immunosuppressive CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes in B-cell NHL.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Functionalized Silepins: High Quantum Yield Blue Emitters (2011)

The synthesis of a family of 1,1-dimethyldibenzo[b,f]silepin derivatives, substituted with donor groups of various donor strength and conjugation length in the positions meta or para to the silepin silicon, is presented. The compounds were characterized by NMR, UV−vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as with cyclic voltammetry and DFT computations. One of the meta series was characterized by X-ray crystallography. All compounds show red-shifts in onset absorption and emission maxima compared to the parent 1,1-dimethyldibenzo[b,f]silepin, but all exhibit blue fluorescence with quantum yields ranging from 0.46 to 0.93 for the meta series and from 0.09 to 0.46 for the para derivatives. The data suggest that, for the meta series, the primary absorption is of π−π* character, while in the para series, for strongly donating groups, transitions from low-lying π orbitals to the LUMO+1 orbital, which has contributions from the C−Si−C σ* orbitals, are charge-transfer in character. The phenyl-substituted derivatives can be converted to borepins via transmetalation with BBr3, but other strategies are necessary to prepare borepins with other donor groups.
Isolation and Identification of Stilbenes in Two Varieties of<i>Polygonum</i><i>c</i><i>uspidatum</i> (2000)

The roots of two varieties of Polygonum cuspidatum (Hu Zhang and Mexican Bamboo) were analyzed for resveratrol and analogues. The roots of each variety were dried and ground into a powder. The powdered roots were then extracted with methanol and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction of the Mexican Bamboo was then subjected to fractionation and purification using silica gel column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. In addition to resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), three stilbene glucosides were identified by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and MS. The stilbene glucosides were shown to be a piceatannol glucoside (3,5,3', 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside), resveratroloside (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside), and piceid (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside). The levels of the piceatannol glucoside and piceid were twice as high in the Mexican Bamboo as compared to the Hu Zhang.