gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Program Aids Simulation Of Neural Networks (1990)

Computer program NETS - Tool for Development and Evaluation of Neural Networks - provides simulation of neural-network algorithms plus software environment for development of such algorithms. Enables user to customize patterns of connections between layers of network, and provides features for saving weight values of network, providing for more precise control over learning process. Consists of translating problem into format using input/output pairs, designing network configuration for problem, and finally training network with input/output pairs until acceptable error reached. Written in C.
Mental Action: A Case Study (2009)

Abstract This chapter argues that a proper understanding of the difference between trying to do something and trying to bring it about that one does it sheds light on the nature of mental action. For example, even if one cannot, strictly speaking, try to think of seven animal names that begin with ‘g’, one can try to bring it about that one thinks of seven such names, and one can succeed. In some versions of this scenario, one's successful attempt involves no overt actions but several mental ones: for example, keeping one's attention focused on the task, silently keeping a running account of the ‘g’ names that occurred to one, and bringing it about that one thinks of seven suitable names.
Genome-wide Analyses of Carboxyl-terminal Sequences (2003)

Sequence motifs at the protein carboxyl termini in linear polypeptides are uniquely positioned and functionally capable of serving as recognition signatures for a variety of cellular and biochemical processes. At the proteome level, it is unknown whether and what carboxyl-terminal sequences might be particularly conserved, which may be directly related to specific biological functions shared among certain groups of proteins. To investigate this question, we analyzed the terminal sequences of reported yeast open reading frames, which presumably constitute the predicted, entire proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results show that there are both known and novel terminal sequences. They are conserved at a frequency similar to that of functionally important, experimentally confirmed signals such as the HDEL sequence that mediates the endoplasmic reticulum retention and/or retrieval. The findings support the notion that there may be additional carboxyl-terminal signals, and the conserved motifs could be experimentally tested for currently unknown biological functions. Similar analyses were also applied to the limited proteome databases of other organisms with overall consistent findings. Therefore, indexing a proteome according to its carboxyl-terminal sequences may provide a means for functional classification and determination of proteins.
Free-to-Total Leptin Ratio in Maternal Plasma is Constant Throughout Human Pregnancy (2003)

To clarify the mechanism of leptin resistance during pregnancy, we measured plasma leptin concentrations, free to total leptin ratio (percent free leptin) and soluble leptin receptor concentrations in pregnant women, and compared the results with those in non-pregnant women. We collected plasma samples from 23 non-pregnant and 31 pregnant women in the third trimester. Plasma samples from 5 pregnant women were collected longitudinally in each trimester. Plasma leptin concentrations in pregnant women in the second trimester (17.4 +/- 3.2 ng/ml) were higher than those in the first trimester of pregnancy (11.0 +/- 2.8 ng/ml, n = 5), as previously reported. However, percent free leptin did not change significantly throughout pregnancy. Percent free leptin correlated with total leptin concentrations (ng/ml) in non-pregnant women (r = 0.727, P < 0.0001), but not in women in the third trimester of pregnancy (r = 0.006). Constant percent free leptin during pregnancy despite increased leptin concentrations indicates increased leptin binding capacity in pregnant women, that might partly contribute to the establishment of leptin resistance. On the other hand, soluble leptin receptor concentrations showed significant negative correlation with BMI and plasma leptin concentrations in pregnant women (r = -0.470, P < 0.01 and r = -0.493, P < 0.01, respectively) but not in non-pregnant women. These data suggest the possibility that soluble leptin receptor is a minor component of leptin binding capacity in the plasma of pregnant women.
Production of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Powder (2015)

Abstract This article discusses the production of aluminum and aluminum alloy powders with emphasis on the gas atomization method and the atomizing nozzle. It illustrates the particle formation mechanism and details the requisites for particle size distribution, control, and morphology. The article presents information on the mean oxide thickness formed on atomized powders. It also describes the mechanical and physical properties of aluminum and aluminum alloy powders, as well as their applications.
Atmospheric methane measurement instrument using a Zeeman-split He–Ne laser (1989)

We report the construction of an atmospheric methane measurement instrument based on a Zeeman-split IR He-Ne laser. The laser has a transverse magnetic field over ~2/3 of its gain length and can oscillate at an (unsplit) frequency (2947.91 cm(-1)) centered on a methane absorption line, or on either of two frequencies split by +/-0.055 cm(-1)) from the center, with low CH(4)) absorption. The laser is tuned to dwell sequentially at each frequency, giving two differential absorption measurements in each 46-ms tuning cycle. Atmospheric measurements are made using two multiple pass absorption cells, one with fast (0.75-s) and one with slow (5-s) flow response times. Fluctuations in ambient CH(4)) of ~20-ppb (rms, 1-s averaging) are detected, with interference fringe effects the dominant noise source. The instrument has operated in a field experiment (NASA GTE/ABLE-3A) in Alaska.
Direct Fabrication of Polymer Composite Structures with Curved LOM (1999)

This report describes the application of Curved LOM to the direct fabrication of polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The overall methodology of directly fabricating PMC parts involved the use of the Curved LOM machine to lay-up and shape "green" composite laminates from prepreg feedstocks, followed by vacuum bag / oven cure and consolidation. The conventional Curved LOM laminator was replaced with a vacuum thermoforming apparatus to better accommodate the bonding of commercially available prepregs. The study also demonstrated that it is possible to interface a general composite design sofiware package with the Curved LOM machine via the curved slice file (.CSF) format. Taken together, these two improvements allow for improved flexibility in manufacturing PMC components, from both a material handling and a design point-of-view. A simple C-shaped panel was fabricated and tested to demonstrate the overall feasibility of the process for PMCs. A glass fiber 1 epoxy prepreg obtained from a commercial supplier was used as a model material system. It was found that the cumulative accuracy of the overall process was good, and the mechanical properties of the laminates were acceptable for nonstructural applications for which the material is normally used.
Tricyclic Antidepressants Inhibit Opioid Receptor Binding in Human Brain and Hepatic Morphine Glucuronidation (1994)

The opioid receptor binding in the human thalamic area was studied with U-69593 and naloxone as ligands for the kappa and mu receptors, respectively. The binding was inhibited by various tricyclic antidepressants including amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clomipramine and fluoxetine. The antidepressants tested had a slight selectivity for the kappa receptor type. The IC50-values for all tricyclic antidepressants tested were in the 10(-6) M concentration range. Morphine and tricyclic antidepressants are substrates of a liver microsomal uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT). The interaction of the tricyclic antidepressants with morphine glucuronidation was investigated in human liver microsomal preparations. All drugs inhibited the morphine UDPGT. In Dixon plots inhibition of the formation of morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide was non-competitive for nortriptyline, and competitive or mixed for amitriptyline and clomipramine. Lubrol PX activated the morphine-UDPGT four to five times. The degree of activation of the enzyme(s) was unaltered in presence of the inhibiting drugs. The inhibition was also observed at a tricyclic antidepressant/morphine concentration ratio close to that achieved in plasma from patients treated with these drugs.
Control of the Surface Composition of a Conducting‐Polymer Complex Film to Tune the Work Function (2008)

Abstract Control of surface composition of a hole‐injecting conducting polymer complex, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT) doped with a polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) has been conducted in the spin‐cast films. We found that the work function of the polymeric complex films formed via single spin‐coating can be greatly increased up to 5.44 eV by increasing the surface concentration of the PSS dopant. As a result, we improved the device efficiency and the lifetime of green emitting polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). This implies that the PSS surface layer of the films spin‐cast from the conducting polymer complexes plays a key role in making high performance PLEDs.
Flow Cytometric Assessment of Clearance and Relapse Characteristics in Psoriasis vulgaris after Treatment with Weekly Clobetasol Lotion under Hydrocolloid Occlusion versus Twice-Daily Clobetasol Ointment (2002)

Clearance and relapse characteristics of clobetasol lotion under hydrocolloid occlusion once weekly versus clobetasol ointment twice daily were assessed in a comparative flow cytometric study. Quantitative analysis of markers for epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation was performed on epidermal single cell suspensions prepared from 3-mm punch biopsies taken from 15 patients with psoriasis vulgaris before therapy, at clearance and 6 weeks after clearance. After treatment both therapy regimens resulted in substantial changes of all flow cytometric parameters, but clearance was induced earlier in the corticosteroid under hydrocolloid occlusion-treated group. With respect to the relapse phase no difference was observed between both treatments. Although it is remotely possible that the outcome in the treatment of more extensive psoriatic lesions might be different, the present study suggests that the robust clinical efficacy of the treatment with a topical corticosteroid under hydrocolloid occlusion is not associated with a rebound phenomenon.
All three Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐binding loops of photoproteins bind calcium ions: The crystal structures of calcium‐loaded apo‐aequorin and apo‐obelin (2005)

The crystal structures of calcium-loaded apo-aequorin and apo-obelin have been determined at resolutions 1.7A and 2.2 A, respectively. A calcium ion is observed in each of the three EF-hand loops that have the canonical calcium-binding sequence, and each is coordinated in the characteristic pentagonal bipyramidal configuration. The calcium-loaded apo-protein retain the same compact scaffold and overall fold as the unreacted photoproteins containing the bound substrate, 2-hyroperoxycoelenterazine, and also the same as the Ca2+-discharged obelin bound with product, coleneteramide. Nevertheless, there are easily discerned shifts in both helix and loop regions, and the shifts are not the same between the two proteins. It is suggested that these photoproteins to sense Ca2+ concentration transients and to produce their bioluminescence response on the millisecond timescale. A mechanism of intrastructural transmission of the calcium signal is proposed.
Time Domain Interference Cancellation for Cognitive Radios and Future Wireless Systems (2010)

The discrepancy between perceived spectrum shortage and the actual availability by measurements motivates the use of cognitive radio concepts. In this approach the radio locates and then transmits in unused or lightly used bands. If a wideband digital approach (on the order of GHz) to channel selection is taken to provide the necessary radio flexibility, there is a stringent dynamic range and speed requirement in the analog to digital conversion process. This arises from the large interfering signals which are effectively in-band since they are not removed by analog pre-filters. Given this extremely challenging wideband dynamic range goal, a fundamentally different mixed signal architecture has been pursued which is based on time domain signal cancellation. The objective of this thesis is therefore to analyze and implement critical aspects of this approach, with particular focus on the power requirements and silicon area. This approach explores the use of a mixed analog with digital assistance architecture which uses multiple low to medium resolution ADCs with digital adaptive filters. The effective dynamic range of the front-end is enhanced by cancelling the unwanted interference in the time domain. Interference cancellation performance is improved using oversampling and a digital dual adaptive signal processing technique that provides a low mean squared error for cancellation together with a large processing gain. The system could achieve at least 11 bit equivalent dynamic range for the desired weak signals using two 5-bit ADC's and a 7-bit DAC. In general, the Effective Bits from Dynamic Range Reduction (EBDR) for the system is equal to, or more than N+M bits, where N and M are resolutions of the two ADC's used. The key components of the system are high speed medium resolution ADC's and they have been implemented to demonstrate the path to a low power small area solution. An asynchronous 1GS/s ADC with a peak SNDR of 31.5dB, ENOB 5.0 bits, is achieved by time interleaving two ADC's based on the binary equivalent successive approximation (SA) algorithm using a series capacitive ladder with input capacitance of 84fF. A simple extension of the SA algorithm essentially removes the ENOB degradation due to metastability from the comparator. The ADC's are fabricated in 65nm CMOS with an active area of 0.11mm<super>2</super>, with a total power consumption of 6.7mW. It is believed that the time domain approach for wideband, high dynamic range applications which has been explored in this thesis is a step towards the goal of a future radio system, in which the A/D conversion process is directly after the front-end low noise amplifiers.
Synchronous and asynchronous multiple object rate control for MPEG-4 video coding (2004)

Video scenes containing multiple objects can potentially achieve higher degree of compression and better visual quality with individual coding for each object. Video objects are not always synchronous, implying each object may have a separate temporal resolution. This paper proposes a rate control algorithm for multiple video object encoding. Using a novel bit allocation strategy, the algorithm achieves accurate target bit rate, provides good visual quality, and decreases buffer overflow/underflow. Experimental results for both synchronous and asynchronous multiple video object encoding demonstrate that, when compared with the existing rate control scheme recommended by the MPEG-4 standard, the proposed algorithm provide better temporal-spatial tradeoff with more accurate rate regulation.
Adaptive enhancement of timing accuracy and waveform quality in high-performance IC testers (1992)

A means of improving edge-placement accuracy and waveform quality in high-speed high-performance integrated circuit test and verification systems is being developed. Its aim is to minimize timing skew, maintain signal integrity at the device under test (DUT), and actively reduce waveform errors caused by uncertain DUT loading and transmission path imperfections. The path between the pin electronic card (PEC) and the DUT is modeled using a signal flow graph (SFG) technique. The model contains both lumped and distributed circuit elements, each of which is represented by scattering parameters. Frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) is used to measure voltage reflection coefficients of both the load (DUT) and PEC receiver ends of the transmission path. Load models are obtained through a direct search optimization algorithm. Examples of time domain compensation are presented for matched and mismatched transmission paths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CD45−/ALDHlow/SSEA-4+/Oct-4+/CD133+/CXCR4+/Lin− Very Small Embryonic-Like (VSEL) Stem Cells Isolated from Umbilical Cord Blood as Potential Long Term Repopulating Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2008)

Abstract Recently, we identified a population of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells in umbilical cord blood (CB) (Leukemia2007;21:297–303) These VSELs are: smaller than erythrocytes; SSEA-4+/Oct-4+/CD133+/CXCR4+/Lin−/CD45−; responsive to SDF-1 gradient; and iv) possessing large nuclei that contain unorganized chromatin (euchromatin). Data obtained in a murine model indicate that a similar cell population isolated from bone marrow (BM) does not reveal hematopoietic activity after isolation. However, in appropriate models (i.e., in vitro co-culture over OP-9 cells or in vivo after intra bone injection), these cells contribute to hematopoiesis and thus possesses potential of long term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs). To investigate the hematopoietic activity of CB-derived, CD45 negative VSELs, we employed staining with Aldefluor detecting aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), the enzyme expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells. We sorted CD133+/CD45−/ALDHhigh and CD133+/CD45−/ALDHlow sub-fractions of VSELs from CB samples and established that both freshly sorted CB-derived populations did not grow hematopoietic colonies in vitro. However, when activated/expanded over OP-9 stroma cells, they exhibit hematopoietic potential and initiate hematopoietic colonies composed of CD45+ cells when replated into methylcellulose cultures. Furthermore, while CD133+/CD45−/ALDHhigh VSELs gave raise to hematopoietic colonies after the first replating, the formation of colonies by CD133+/CD45−/ALDHlow VSELs was delayed. The data indicate that both populations of CD45− cells may acquire hematopoietic potential; however hematopoietic specification is delayed for CD133+/CD45−/ALDHlow cells (Fig. 1A). In parallel, real time PCR analysis revealed that freshly isolated CD133+/CD45−/ALDHhigh VSELs express more hematopoietic transcripts (e.g., c-myb, 80.2±27.4 fold difference) while CD133+/CD45−/ALDHlow exhibit higher levels of pluripotent stem cell markers (e.g., Oct-4, 119.5±15.5 fold difference) as compared to total CB mononuclear cells (Fig. B). Furthermore and somewhat unexpectedly, we found that because of their unusually small size, these important cells may be partially depleted (in 42.5±12.6%) during standard preparation strategies of CB units for storage that employ volume reduction. In conclusion, our data suggest very small CB mononuclear cells expressing VSEL markers that are CD133+/CD45−/ALDHlow are highly enriched for the most primitive population of LT-HSCs. These cells may be responsible for long term CB engraftment and be a population of cells from which HSCs should be expanded. We are currently testing this in an in vivo model by performing heterotransplants of CD45− ALDHlow VSELs into immunodeficient mice. It is important to stress that currently employed, routine CB processing strategies may lead up to ~50% loss of these small cells that are endowed with such remarkable hematopoietic activity. Figure Figure
Flexible speech understanding based on combined key-phrase detection and verification (1998)

We propose a novel speech understanding strategy based on combined detection and verification of semantically tagged key-phrases in spontaneous spoken utterances. Key-phrases are defined in a top-down manner so as to constitute semantic slots. Their detection directly leads to robust understanding. A phrase network realizes both a wide coverage and a reasonable constraint for detection. A subword-based verifier is then incorporated to reduce false alarms in detection and attach confidence measures of the detected phrases. This set of phrase confidence measures, when incorporated in a spoken dialogue system, forms a basis for designing intelligent speech interfaces that accept only verified key-phrases and reprompt users to clarify unspecified or unrecognized portions. Several forms of confidence measures based on subword-level tests are investigated. The proposed approach was tested on field data collected from real-world trial applications. The combined detection and verification strategy drastically improves the accuracy in handling out-of-grammar utterances over the conventional decoding approaches while maintaining the performance for in-grammar utterances.
Location based context awareness through tag-cloud visualizations (2010)

People often only see what that they already know or explicitly look for. Thus, while mobile users might be interested in the historic background of their surrounding, its current significance or its relation to specific events, they are likely to miss places of interest if they are not explicitly pointed out. Location based services (LBS) like mobile tourist guides offer a potential technological solution, but the production cost of multimedia content is prohibitive in many cases, limiting the coverage of such services to major tourist areas. To provide mobile users with information on the spatial context of a location or a route we present an approach that gathers context information from freely available sources like Wikipedia and creates visualizations of this data that provide users with the necessary cues to increase awareness of their spatial context. In our approach we first gather geo-referenced information that is located close to a point or route. In the second step this data is filtered to extract key-words that characterize the environment. These are then rendered as a tag-cloud in the third step. By skimming the tag-clouds a user gets a good impression of the characteristic features of an environment and in essence performs a further filtering step. The user can interactively adjust the level of detail of the visualization or follow up on individual key-words to adjust the presentation to his interests. By combining web 2.0 technologies and public data sources with filtering and visualization techniques we exploit the browsing capability of humans to provide a service that increases location awareness at arbitrary locations. The approach makes it easy to author an additional text and it can incorporate the ever increasing amount of available geo-referenced information.
Putting holes in holey geometry (2013)

This paper presents a method for computing topology changes for triangle meshes in an interactive geometric modeling environment. Most triangle meshes in practice do not exhibit desirable geometric properties, so we develop a solution that is independent of standard assumptions and robust to geometric errors. Specifically, we provide the first method for topology change applicable to arbitrary non-solid, non-manifold, non-closed, self-intersecting surfaces. We prove that this new method for topology change produces the expected conventional results when applied to solid (closed, manifold, non-self-intersecting) surfaces---that is, we prove a backwards-compatibility property relative to prior work. Beyond solid surfaces, we present empirical evidence that our method remains tolerant to a variety of surface aberrations through the incorporation of a novel error correction scheme. Finally, we demonstrate how topology change applied to non-solid objects enables wholly new and useful behaviors.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Novel Cardiac-Specific Human Tropomyosin Isoform (2010)

This functional analysis of TPM1kappa provides a possible mechanism for the consequences of the TM isoform switch observed in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure patients.