gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Biocompatibility of Titanium&ndash;Zirconium (Ti&ndash;Zr) Alloy: Tissue Reaction and Sensitization to Ti&ndash;Zr Alloy Compared with Pure Ti and Zr in Rat Implantation Study (2005)

Titanium–zirconium (Ti–Zr) binary alloy has better corrosion resistance and mechanical properties than commercially pure Ti. The present study was designed to determine the biocompatibility of Ti–Zr alloy by an implantation test in animal bodies in comparison with pure Ti, Zr, and chromium (Cr) implants as positive controls. Sample specimens were placed in a subcutaneous position in rats for 8 months. No significant decreases in body weight, the weight of any organ, or the weight of any organ relative to body weight were found in the implant groups compared to a no-implant control group. On hematological examination, small differences in several parameters were found in some groups, but these changes were not attributable to the materials implanted. Mitogen-induced blastogenesis was observed in similar degrees among all implant groups. These results suggest that the implantation of test samples did not cause systemic toxicity or a decrease in immune activity. The fibrous capsule membranes around the Ti and Ti–Zr alloy implants were thinner than those around Cr implants. The numbers of macrophages, inflammatory cells, and other cells involved in immune responses in and around the fibrous capsules of the Cr- and Ti-implant groups were higher than those of the Ti–Zr alloy- and Zr-implant groups. The Ti–Zr alloy had the lowest total score of tissue responses among the materials tested. None of the animals from the Ti-, Zr-, and Ti–Zr alloy-implant groups exhibited a skin reaction following exposure to Ti or Zr salt solutions. These results indicate the Ti–Zr alloy has better biocompatibility than Ti for use as an artificial surgical implant.
Trace sulfur determination in petroleum fractions (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrace sulfur determination in petroleum fractionsHarry V. DrushelCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 1, 76–81Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50023a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50023a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time-Dependent Effects of Risperidone on Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Poly I:C Model of Schizophrenia (2010)

Maternal infection during pregnancy enhances the risk of the off spring for schizophrenia. With the rat Poly I:C model it was successfully attempted to mimic this association in animals. In utero exposure
Novel multiview generation framework for 3D displays (2012)

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-view generation framework that considers the spatiotemporal consistency of each synthesized multi-view. Rather than independently filling in the holes of individual generated images, the proposed framework gathers hole information from each synthesized multi-view image to a reference viewpoint. The method then constructs a hole map and a SVRL (single view reference layer) at the reference viewpoint before restoring the holes in the SVRL, thereby generating a spatiotemporally consistent view. A hole map is constructed using depth information of the reference viewpoint and the input/output baseline length ratio. Thus, the holes in the SVRL can also represent holes in other multi-view images. To achieve temporally consistent hole filling in the SVRL, the restoration of holes in the current SVRL is performed by propagating the pixel value of the previous SVRL. Further hole filling is performed using a depth- and exemplar-based inpainting method. The experimental results showed that the proposed method generates high-quality spatiotemporally consistent multi-view images in various input/output environments. In addition, the proposed framework decreases the complexity of the hole-filling process by reducing repeated hole filling.
Multiple beams from linear arrays (1961)

The problem of devising a passive RF transmission line feed system to provide independent multiple outputs from a linear array is considered. It is shown that a lossless, matched feed network is possible only for uniform aperture distribution. The general feed system for connecting <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{n}</tex> inputs to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{n}</tex> elements is shown to consist of conventional hybrid junctions with associated phase shifters. In order to increase the possible number of elements in the array, the problem of finding applicable junctions more complex than the hybrid is considered. Junctions with three inputs and three outputs and with four inputs and four outputs are derived for use in multiple feed networks, expanding the number of elements in the array to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{l}3^{m}4^{n}</tex> .
Constraints placed on the nature of chondrule precursors (1994)

The melting conditions and cooling rates experienced by chondrules have been experimentally investigated and reviewed. A discussion of experiments that have studied the nature of chondrule precursors and what constraints these experiments have placed on chondrule precursors is presented. Topics discussed include the following: (1) physical characteristics of starting compositions; (2) chemical characteristics of starting compositions; and (3) constraints on chondrule precursors.
Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of a novel poly(aryl ether ketone): PEDEKmK (1998)

Nonisothermal melt crystallization kinetics of PEDEKmK linked by meta-phenyl and biphenyl was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A convenient and reasonable kinetic approach was used to describe the nonisothermal melt crystallization behavior, and its applicability was verified when the modified Avrami analysis by the Jeziorny and Ozawa equation were applied to the crystallization process. The crystallization activation energy was estimated to be −219 kJ/mol by Kissinger method while crystallizing from the PEDEKmK melt nonisothermally. These observed crystallization characteristics were compared to those of the other members of poly(aryl ether ketone) family. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 815–821, 1998
Spray Delivery to Nursery Trees by Air Curtain and Axial Fan Orchard Sprayers (2004)

Abstract Two types of air-assist sprayers were used to treat, from one side only, a single row of hedge-pruned, red maple ( Acer rubrum L. ‘Red Sunset’) trees in a commercial Ohio nursery. A traditional orchard type sprayer and a prototype air curtain sprayer using crossflow fans and hydraulic nozzles were evaluated for differences in canopy deposits, spray coverage, and downwind ground deposits. The air curtain sprayer produced more uniform deposits vertically but not higher mean deposits than the traditional orchard type sprayer. The air curtain sprayer also produced somewhat higher ground deposits downwind of the treatment area. There were no differences in spray coverage between sprayers despite differences in the droplet spectrum produced by each sprayer. Evidence from the coverage and ground target samples indicate that slower fans on the air curtain sprayer might be needed to reduce air speed to retain more spray within the tree canopy. As operated, neither of the sprayers can be expected to produce uniform spray deposits around the nursery stock if treatments are made from one side of the row only. Canopy and ground target deposits indicate that alternate row spraying will not necessarily produce uniform deposits across two tree rows as planted at the test site.
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Induces cAMP-response Element-binding Protein Phosphorylation via an Intracellular Calcium Release/ERK-dependent Pathway in Striatal Neurons (2001)

Activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway may induce cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation either directly or via cross-talk mechanisms with other signal transduction pathways. In this study, we have investigated in striatal primary cultures the mechanism by which activation of the cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway leads to CREB phosphorylation via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent pathway. We have found that PKA-induced CREB phosphorylation and CREB-dependent transcription are mediated by calcium (Ca(2+)) release from intracellular stores and are blocked by inhibitors of the protein kinase C and ERK pathways. This mechanism appears to be mediated by the small G-protein Rap1, whose activation appears to be primed by PKA-induced Ca(2+) release but not further induced by direct or indirect PKA- or protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation. These results suggest that, in striatal neurons, intracellular Ca(2+) release, Rap1, and ERK pathway play a crucial role in the PKA-induced CREB phosphorylation and CREB-dependent transcription.
Automatic dew-point temperature sensor (1982)

A device is described for measuring dew-point temperature and water vapor pressure in small confined areas. The method is based on the deposition of water on a cooled surface when at dew-point temperature. A small Peltier module lowers the temperature of two electrically conductive plates. At dew point the insulating gap separating the plates becomes conductive as water vapor condenses. Sensors based on this principle can be made small and rugged and can be used for measuring directly the local water vapor pressure. They may be installed within a conventional ventilated sweat capsule used for measuring water vapor loss from the skin surface. A novel application is the measurement of the water vapor pressure gradients across layers of clothing worn by an exercising subject.
Inhibitory Sequences within the B-domain Stabilize Circulating Factor V in an Inactive State (2007)

Blood coagulation factor V circulates as a procofactor with little or no procoagulant activity. It is activated to factor Va by thrombin following proteolytic removal of a large central B-domain. Although this reaction is well studied, the mechanism by which bond cleavage and B-domain release facilitate the transition to the active cofactor state has not been defined. Here we show that deletion or substitution of specific B-domain sequences drives the expression of procoagulant function without the need for proteolytic processing. Conversion to the constitutively active cofactor state is related, at least in part, to a cluster of amino acids that is highly basic and well conserved across the vertebrate lineage. Our findings demonstrate that discrete sequences in the B-domain serve to stabilize the inactive procofactor state, with proteolysis primarily functioning to remove these inhibitory constraints. These unexpected results provide new insight into the mechanism of factor V activation.
Immunosuppression in Man: Suppression by Macrophages Can be Mediated by Interactions with Regulatory T Cells (1977)

Abstract Previous data from this laboratory indicated that profound defects of in vivo and in vitro T cell function noted in some patients with fungal infection reflected the presence of immunosuppressive forces. Investigation of the cellular interactions required for this immunosuppression to become manifest revealed the following. Patients' macrophages liberated, in vitro, a soluble material (SM)3 capable of inhibiting the blastogenic response of normal T cells to mitogens and antigens. However, not all T cells were equally susceptible to its suppressive effect. Incubation of normal PBMC in culture fluid for 7 days yielded a population of cultured T cells whose reactivity could not be inhibited by SM. Binding studies indicated that this “resistance” did not reflect any gross alterations in the ability of cultured T cells to interact with SM. Rather, it reflected the functional deletion of a subpopulation of T cells required for SM to mediate its suppressive effect. This was demonstrated by the finding that in the presence of low density, fresh, autologous T cells, SM was capable of suppressing the reactivity of cultured T cells. Similar interactions between SM and low density T cells appeared to be required for SM to inhibit T-dependent responses among fresh noncultured PBMC. Thus, removal of low density T from fresh normal PBMC yielded high density T whose reactivity was not suppressed by SM. These studies are interpreted as indicating that immunosuppression in the patients studied does not reflect direct interactions between suppressive macrophages and responding T cells. Instead, it represents an indirect interaction whereby macrophages may generate or potentiate active suppressive T cells.
Combining multiple estimators of speaking rate (2002)

We report progress in the development of a measure of speaking rate that is computed from the acoustic signal. The newest form of our analysis incorporates multiple estimates of rate; besides the spectral moment for a full-band energy envelope that we have previously reported, we also used pointwise correlation between pairs of compressed sub-band energy envelopes. The complete measure, called mrate, has been compared to a reference syllable rate derived from a manually transcribed subset of the Switchboard database. The correlation with transcribed syllable rate is significantly higher than our earlier measure; estimates are typically within 1-2 syllables/second of the reference syllable rate. We conclude by assessing the use of mrate as a detector for rapid speech.
A Switching Regime Model for the EMG-Based Control of a Robot Arm (2010)

Human-robot control interfaces have received increased attention during the last decades. These interfaces increasingly use signals coming directly from humans since there is a strong necessity for simple and natural control interfaces. In this paper, electromyographic (EMG) signals from the muscles of the human upper limb are used as the control interface between the user and a robot arm. A switching regime model is used to decode the EMG activity of 11 muscles to a continuous representation of arm motion in the 3-D space. The switching regime model is used to overcome the main difficulties of the EMG-based control systems, i.e., the nonlinearity of the relationship between the EMG recordings and the arm motion, as well as the nonstationarity of EMG signals with respect to time. The proposed interface allows the user to control in real time an anthropomorphic robot arm in the 3-D space. The efficiency of the method is assessed through real-time experiments of four persons performing random arm motions.
Structure of a<i>Bacillus halmapalus</i>family 13 α-amylase, BHA, in complex with an acarbose-derived nonasaccharide at 2.1 Å resolution (2005)

The enzymatic digestion of starch by alpha-amylases is one of the key biotechnological reactions of recent times. In the search for industrial biocatalysts, the family GH13 alpha-amylase BHA from Bacillus halmapalus has been cloned and expressed. The three-dimensional structure at 2.1 A resolution has been determined in complex with the (pseudo)tetrasaccharide inhibitor acarbose. Acarbose is found bound as a nonasaccharide transglycosylation product spanning the -6 to +3 subsites. Careful inspection of electron density suggests that the bound ligand could not have been formed through successive transglycosylations of acarbose and must also have featured maltose or maltooligosaccharides as an acceptor.
Speaker-Aware Target Speaker Enhancement by Jointly Learning with Speaker Embedding Extraction (2020)

Deep learning based speech separation approaches have received great interest, among which the recent speaker-aware speech enhancement methods are promising for solving difficulties such as arbitrary source permutation and unknown number of sources. In this paper, we propose a novel training framework which jointly learns the speaker-conditioned target speaker extraction model and its associated speaker embedding model. The resulting unified model directly learns the appropriate speaker embedding for improved target speech enhancement. We demonstrate, on our large simulated noisy and far-field evaluation sets of overlapped speech signals, that our proposed approach significantly improves the speech enhancement performance compared to the baseline speaker-aware speech enhancement models.
Micro-Processing by ArF Excimer Laser (1998)

KrF/ ArF excimer laser lithography technique are expected to realize 1-4 Gbit DRAMs below 0.25μm designrules. Although KrF lithography is extendable for less than 0.2 μm patterning, the introduction of ArF lithography is much simple solution, if the infrastructures of ArF lithography are available. To realize ArFlithography in mass production, the development of ArF resists, exposure tools, and masks are important.Regarding ArF resists, practical chemically amplified resist has been developed with alicyclic polymers. Thedevelopment of dry-developed processes using silylation techniques also improves the resolution. Thecombination of recent ArF resist, anti-reflecting coating and attenuating phase shifting mask can producedevice patterns with a 0.12 μm design rule. The use of TSI can produce 0.09μm Line & Space (L&S) patternswith Levenson phase shift mask. These results imply that ArF lithography can be used for multi-generation indevice manufacturing. ArF lithography will be introduced in mass production as post-KrF lithography in thenear future.
Is the Band Gap of Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> Narrowed by Anion- and Cation-Doping of Titanium Dioxide in Second-Generation Photocatalysts? (2006)

Second-generation TiO(2)-(x)D(x) photocatalysts doped with either anions (N, C, and S mostly) or cations have recently been shown to have their absorption edge red-shifted to lower energies (longer wavelengths), thus enhancing photonic efficiencies of photoassisted surface redox reactions. Some of the studies have proposed that this red-shift is caused by a narrowing of the band gap of pristine TiO(2) (e.g., anatase, E(bg) = 3.2 eV; absorption edge ca. 387 nm), while others have suggested the appearance of intragap localized states of the dopants. By contrast, a recent study by Kuznetsov and Serpone (J. Phys. Chem. B, in press) has proposed that the commonality in all these doped titanias rests with formation of oxygen vacancies and the advent of color centers (e.g., F, F(+), F(++), and Ti(3+)) that absorb the visible light radiation. This article reexamines the various claims and argues that the red-shift of the absorption edge is in fact due to formation of the color centers, and that while band gap narrowing is not an unknown occurrence in semiconductor physics it does necessitate heavy doping of the metal oxide semiconductor, thereby producing materials that may have completely different chemical compositions from that of TiO(2) with totally different band gap electronic structures.
Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of Herpes Zoster Vaccines (2018)

On October 20, 2017, Zoster Vaccine Recombinant, Adjuvanted (Shingrix, GlaxoSmithKline, [GSK] Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), a 2-dose, subunit vaccine containing recombinant glycoprotein E in combination with a novel adjuvant (AS01<sub>B</sub>), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of herpes zoster in adults aged ≥50 years. The vaccine consists of 2 doses (0.5 mL each), administered intramuscularly, 2-6 months apart (1). On October 25, 2017, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) for use in immunocompetent adults aged ≥50 years.
Measurement of the Depolarization Ratio for the <i>A</i>1 Raman Line of Carbon Tetrachloride in Binary Mixtures (1967)

A study of the depolarization ratio of the totally symmetric Raman line of carbon tetrachloride in a series of solutions has been made using a He–Ne laser for the source of incident light. A value for ρs (the depolarization ratio measured with linearly polarized incident light) of 0.0039±0.0002 was found for pure CCl4. The solution results provide experimental evidence that interaction between the molecules in the liquid is a major cause of the deviation from the zero depolarization ratio predicted from symmetry arguments. This conclusion is supported by a consideration of other possible causes of the deviation.
Voyagers and voyeurs (2007)

This paper describes mechanisms for asynchronous collaboration in the context of information visualization, recasting visualizations as not just analytic tools, but social spaces. We contribute the design and implementation of sense.us, a web site supporting asynchronous collaboration across a variety of visualization types. The site supports view sharing, discussion, graphical annotation, and social navigation and includes novel interaction elements. We report the results of user studies of the system, observing emergent patterns of social data analysis, including cycles of observation and hypothesis, and the complementary roles of social navigation and data-driven exploration.
A Comparison Study of 175 Duplicate Determinations Using the Electra 500 and the Standard Fibrometers (1970)

The Electra 500 is an automated prothrombin time analyzer that utilizes a photocell to read the optical density change in the clot formation. When compared with the Fibrometer, accuracy was found to be about the same; however, better precision on paired samples was obtained. The saving of time has amounted to approximately 40%. In 14 days, we have had 4 days in which we were unable to use the Electra 500 because of a blown capacitor and a burned out RF tube.
Tunable Infrared Phonon Anomalies in Trilayer Graphene (2013)

Trilayer graphene in both ABA (Bernal) and ABC (rhombohedral) stacking sequences is shown to exhibit intense infrared absorption from in-plane optical phonons. The phonon feature, lying at ~1580 cm(-1), changes strongly with electrostatic gating. For ABC-stacked graphene trilayers, we observed a large enhancement in phonon absorption amplitude, as well as softening of the phonon mode, as the Fermi level is tuned away from charge neutrality. A similar, but substantially weaker, effect is seen in samples with the more common ABA stacking order. The strong infrared response of the optical phonons and the pronounced variation with electrostatic gating and stacking order reflect the interactions of the phonons and electronic excitations in the two systems. The key experimental findings can be reproduced within a simplified charged-phonon model that considers the influence of charging through Pauli blocking of the electronic transitions.