gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of yeast TATA-binding protein and model for interaction with DNA. (1993)

The C-terminal 179-aa region of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) TATA-binding protein (TBP), phylogenetically conserved and sufficient for many functions, formed crystals diffracting to 1.7-A resolution. The structure of the protein, determined by molecular replacement with coordinates from Arabidopsis TBP and refined to 2.6 A, differed from that in Arabidopsis slightly by an angle of about 12 degrees between two structurally nearly identical subdomains, indicative of a degree of conformational flexibility. A model for TBP-DNA interaction is proposed with the following important features: the long dimension of the protein follows the trajectory of the minor groove; two rows of basic residues conserved between the subdomains lie along the edges of the protein in proximity to the DNA phosphates; a band of hydrophobic residues runs down the middle of the groove; and amino acid residues whose mutation alters specificity for the second base of the TATA sequence are juxtaposed to that base.
BI-RADS-MRI: A Primer (2006)

BI-RADS-MRI is a common language with which to report MRI findings of studies from different institutions.
Salmonella and Caspase-1: A complex Interplay of Detection and Evasion (2011)

Salmonellae are intracellular pathogens that replicate within epithelial cells and macrophages, and are a significant public health threat in both developed and developing countries. The innate immune system detects microbes through pattern recognition receptors, which are compartmentalized on the subcellular level to detect either extracellular (e.g., TLRs) or cytosolic (e.g., NLRs) perturbations. Salmonella infection is detected by the NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes, which activate Caspase-1, resulting in reduced bacterial burdens during infection. NLRC4 responds to the SPI1 type III secretion system via detection of inadvertently translocated flagellin and rod protein. The signals for NLRP3 detection during Salmonella infection remain undefined. Salmonella have evolved evasion strategies to attenuate Caspase-1 responses. We review recent findings describing the interplay between detection and evasion of S. typhimurium infection by the inflammasome. We discuss how the interplay between detection and evasion affects Caspase-1 effector functions mediated by IL-1β secretion, IL-18 secretion, and pyroptosis.
A critique of word similarity as a method for evaluating distributional semantic models (2016)

This paper aims to re-think the role of the word similarity task in distributional semantics research. We argue while it is a valuable tool, it should be used with care because it provides only an approximate measure of the quality of a distributional model. Word similarity evaluations assume there exists a single notion of similarity that is independent of a particular application. Further, the small size and low inter-annotator agreement of existing data sets makes it challenging to find significant differences between models.
Special materials used in FDM rapid prototyping technology application (2012)

In this paper are presented information about common and advanced materials used for manufacturing of products by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping technology. In different rapid prototyping technologies the initial state of material can come in either solid, liquid or powder state. In solid state it can come in various forms such as pellets, wire or laminates. The current range materials include paper, nylon, wax, resins, metals and ceramics. In FDM are mainly used as basic materials ABS - Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene and polypropylene. For special FDM applications are used advanced materials as silicon nitrate, PZT, aluminium oxide, hydroxypatite and stainless steel.
CO <sub>2</sub> electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface (2018)

Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) electroreduction could provide a useful source of ethylene, but low conversion efficiency, low production rates, and low catalyst stability limit current systems. Here we report that a copper electrocatalyst at an abrupt reaction interface in an alkaline electrolyte reduces CO<sub>2</sub> to ethylene with 70% faradaic efficiency at a potential of -0.55 volts versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Hydroxide ions on or near the copper surface lower the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and carbon monoxide (CO)-CO coupling activation energy barriers; as a result, onset of ethylene evolution at -0.165 volts versus an RHE in 10 molar potassium hydroxide occurs almost simultaneously with CO production. Operational stability was enhanced via the introduction of a polymer-based gas diffusion layer that sandwiches the reaction interface between separate hydrophobic and conductive supports, providing constant ethylene selectivity for an initial 150 operating hours.
Iron(<scp>II</scp>) Formate [Fe(O<sub>2</sub>CH)<sub>2</sub>]·1/3HCO<sub>2</sub>H: A Mesoporous Magnet − Solvothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Isomorphous Framework Metal(<scp>II</scp>) Formates [M(O<sub>2</sub>CH)<sub>2</sub>]·<i>n</i>(Solvent) (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg) (2005)

Abstract Recrystallisation of iron( II ) formate dihydrate from formic acid under solvothermal conditions results in single‐crystals of the iron( II ) formate, α‐Fe(O 2 CH) 2 ·1/3HCO 2 H. The crystal structure of this phase has been determined by X‐ray diffraction and reveals an open framework structure with formic acid molecules occupying channels in the lattice which is stable even after removal of the solvent molecules. Magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer measurements show that the compound undergoes 3D magnetic ordering below T C = 16 K. α‐Fe(O 2 CH) 2 ·1/3HCO 2 H and the corresponding magnesium, cobalt, nickel and zinc formates form an isomorphous series. In contrast to the iron compound, the magnetic behaviour of the cobalt analogue is dominated by antiferromagnetic interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
DISCRIMINATION IN CONSUMER CREDIT MARKETS (1991)

Using household data from the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances, the hypothesis that there is no discrimination against protected groups in the provision of credit is tested. Using household data avoids the inherent sample selectivity problem of other research based on analyses of applicant data. The authors find that, after controlling for other factors, nonwhites are more likely to be rejected for credit than whites. Also, nonwhites, single parent families, and female heads are more likely to be discouraged from applying for credit. Taken together these results suggest that race is still a factor in the allocation of consumer credit.
Analysis and experimental verification of faulty network modes in an autonomous vehicle string (2012)

Advanced autonomous vehicle strings rely on inter-vehicle communication in order to decrease the necessary safety gap so that fuel consumption can be decreased and road capacity can be increased. In case of failures of some communication channels, the corresponding back-up control strategy must be switched on. Maximal spacing errors of such back-up modes are analyzed and compared. Robustness to platoon heterogeneity and communication delays are considered. The main conclusion we can draw is that, in the full communication mode, satisfactory spacing performance can be achieved by using simple output-feedback controllers designed without detailed knowledge on engine/brake characteristics, only utilizing the existing services available today in every commercial heavy trucks with automatic gearbox. Experimental verification of the designed controllers are presented.
C1x6 (2011)

Stereoscopic multi-user systems provide multiple users with individual views of a virtual environment. We developed a new projection-based stereoscopic display for six users, which employs six customized DLP projectors for fast time-sequential image display in combination with polarization. Our intelligent high-speed shutter glasses can be programmed from the application to adapt to the situation. For instance, it does this by staying open if users do not look at the projection screen or switch to a VIP high brightness mode if less than six users use the system. Each user is tracked and can move freely in front of the display while perceiving perspectively correct views of the virtual environment. Navigating a group of six users through a virtual world leads to situations in which the group will not fit through spatial constrictions. Our augmented group navigation techniques ameliorate this situation by fading out obstacles or by slightly redirecting individual users along a collision-free path. While redirection goes mostly unnoticed, both techniques temporarily give up the notion of a consistent shared space. Our user study confirms that users generally prefer this trade-off over naïve approaches.
A Multivalent Vaccination Strategy for the Prevention of Old World Arenavirus Infection in Humans (2010)

Arenaviruses cause severe human disease ranging from aseptic meningitis following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection to hemorrhagic fever syndromes following infection with Guanarito virus (GTOV), Junin virus (JUNV), Lassa virus (LASV), Machupo virus (MACV), Sabia virus (SABV), or Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV). Cellular immunity, chiefly the CD8(+) T-cell response, plays a critical role in providing protective immunity following infection with the Old World arenaviruses LASV and LCMV. In the current study, we evaluated whether HLA class I-restricted epitopes that are cross-reactive among pathogenic arenaviruses could be identified for the purpose of developing an epitope-based vaccination approach that would cross-protect against multiple arenaviruses. We were able to identify a panel of HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides derived from the same region of the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of LASV (GPC spanning residues 441 to 449 [GPC(441-449)]), LCMV (GPC(447-455)), JUNV (GPC(429-437)), MACV (GPC(444-452)), GTOV (GPC(427-435)), and WWAV (GPC(428-436)) that displayed high-affinity binding to HLA-A*0201 and were recognized by CD8(+) T cells in a cross-reactive manner following LCMV infection or peptide immunization of HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. Immunization of HLA-A*0201 mice with the Old World peptide LASV GPC(441-449) or LCMV GPC(447-455) induced high-avidity CD8(+) T-cell responses that were able to kill syngeneic target cells pulsed with either LASV GPC(441-449) or LCMV GPC(447-455) in vivo and provided significant protection against viral challenge with LCMV. Through this study, we have demonstrated that HLA class I-restricted, cross-reactive epitopes exist among diverse arenaviruses and that individual epitopes can be utilized as effective vaccine determinants for multiple pathogenic arenaviruses.
The effect of ulinastatin on CFU-C colony formation in mouse myelocyte cultures. (1997)

The effect of ulinastatin, a protease inhibitor, on hematopoiesis was studied. Ulinastatin was found to increase the number of colony forming units of mouse myelocytes in culture, suggesting that it might promote hematopoiesis.
High-speed InGaAlAs/InAlAs multiple quantum well optical modulators (1990)

High-speed modulation over 22 GHz for waveguided InGaAlAs/InAlAs multiple quantum well (MQW) optical modulators is described. A large on/off ratio of over 25 dB is demonstrated with a low-drive voltage (6 V) operating in the 1.55- mu m wavelength region. The design and characteristics of MQW p-i-n modulators are discussed. The causes of large-insertion loss and the required drive voltage bandwidth figure of merit for the MQW modulator are discussed. The frequency response measurements show that the response speed is limited by the RC time constant of the device. This suggests that the speed can be further enhanced by decreasing the size and capacitance of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Explaining the Cause of the Amyloid Burden in Alzheimer Disease (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on gallstone formation in the morbidly obese during rapid weight loss. (1993)

Morbid obesity is associated with gallbladder bile supersaturated with cholesterol. A high percentage will develop gallstones following gastroplasty. This can be prevented by ursodeoxycholic acid therapy.
Fuel into Power (1972)

The earliest forms of internal combustion engine used gunpowder as a fuel and a very wide range of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels have been used at one time or another. These are as diverse as coal dust and hydrogen, and serve to show that if a substance will burn in air or oxygen it can be used in an engine, even if not very practical. However, from a practical point of view liquid fuels are the only ones suitable for transport, storage and sale to the public, so that all car engines run on a volatile fuel such as petrol, oil or paraffin.
Echovirus 1 interaction with the isolated VLA-2 I domain (1995)

The isolated I domain of the integrin VLA-2, produced as a bacterial fusion protein, specifically bound echovirus 1 and prevented virus attachment to cells. These results demonstrate that the receptor structures critical for virus attachment are contained solely within the VLA-2 I domain and that soluble receptor fragments are capable of preventing infection.
Synthesis and evaluation of some properties of chimeric oligomers containing PNA and phosphono-PNA residues (1998)

In an attempt to improve physico-chemical and biological properties of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), particularly water solubility and cellular uptake, the synthesis of chimeric oligomers consisted of PNA and phosphono-PNA analogues (pPNAs) bearing the four natural nucleobases has been accomplished. To produce these chimeras, pPNA monomers of two types containing N-(2-hydroxyethyl)phosphonoglycine, or N-(2-aminoethyl)phosphonoglycine backbone, were used in conjunction with PNA monomers representing derivatives of N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine, or N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine. The oligomers obtained were composed of either PNA and pPNA stretches or alternating PNA and pPNA monomers. The examination of hybridization properties of PNA-pPNA chimeras to DNA and RNA complementary strands in comparison with pure PNAs, and pPNAs as well as DNA-pPNA hybrids and DNA fragments confirmed that these chimeras form stable complexes with complementary DNA and RNA fragments. They were found to be resistant to degradation by nucleases. All these properties together with good solubility in water make PNA-pPNA hybrids promising for further evaluation as potential therapeutic agents.
[Connections of the representational area of the distal section of the forelimb in the rat sensorimotor cortex]. (1986)

Using horseradish peroxidase, studies have been made on the distribution of retrogradely labeled nervous cells in the sensorimotor cortex of rats. The enzyme was injected into electrophysiologically identified zone of representation of the distal part of the forelimb in areas S2 and S1. It was found that this zone in S2 contains afferent connections mainly from representation of the same extremity in S1 and only a few afferents from other areas of S1, S2 and M1 of the same hemisphere. Single labeled neurones were found in areas S2, S1 and M1 of the contralateral hemisphere. Representation of the forelimb in S1 receives mainly cortical afferents from the same region of S1 and from single cells of homologous zones S2 of the same and S1 of the contralateral hemisphere. Connections from S1 to S2 are more numerous than the opposite ones. In contrast to cats and monkeys, in rats afferent cortical fibers to zone S2 pass not only from the third layer, but also from the fifth and sixth layers of the cortex. It is suggested that during progressive development of the neocortex in mammals, the increase in the degree of separation of neurones (which give origin to corticofugal and cortical connections) among different layers of the cortex takes place.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (1996)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 is a low molecular weight glycoprotein, classified as a morphogen. The sine qua non of bone morphogenetic protein is consistently reproducible induction of bone development in heterotopic sites. Bone morphogenetic proteins belong to the expanding transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 has pleiotropic functions that range from extraskeletal and skeletal organogenesis to bone generation and regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein induced bone formation in postfetal life recapitulates the process of embryonic and endochondral ossification. Through recombinant gene technology, human bone morphogenetic protein-2 is available in almost unlimited amounts for basic research and clinical trials. Human bone morphogenetic protein-2 induces structurally sound orthotopic bone in a variety of experimental systems, including femoral defects in rats, tibial and ulnar defects in rabbits, femoral defects in sheep, mandibular defects in dogs, spinal fusion in dogs, and porous ingrowth in rats. Human bone morphogenetic protein-2 research extends to the fields of developmental biology, genetics, and evolution. Bone morphogenetic protein has been used successfully at the authors' institution to heal clinical nonunions and to achieve spinal fusion. This report reviews the current understanding of bone morphogenetic proteins in general and BMP-2 in particular and summarizes their potential applications.
Semiconductor Electrodes: LV. Differential Photocurrent Determination of Absorption Coefficient and Diffusion Length in Photoelectrochemical Cells (1984)

Semiconductor Electrodes: LV. Differential Photocurrent Determination of Absorption Coefficient and Diffusion Length in p‐GaP Photoelectrochemical Cells, Bob L. Wheeler, G. Nagasubramanian, Allen J. Bard
Heat aggregation studies of phycobilisomes, ferritin, insulin, and immunoglobulin by dynamic light scattering (1991)

Dynamic laser light scattering studies on the heat aggregation behavior of phycobilisomes (PBS), ferritin, insulin, and immunoglobulin (IgG) in dilute aqueous solutions has been reported. Except for PBS, results are reported for heat aggregation trends in these proteins for three different pH environments (4.0, 7.5, 9.1). For PBS, studies were performed only in the neutral buffer medium (pH 7.5). The experiments were performed in the very dilute concentration regime (between 0.23 and 1.8 gL-1). For all these samples heat aggregation and dissociation trends were found to be linear with temperature. Upon temperature reversal (self-cooling), hysteresis-like behavior observed in insulin was found to be predominantly large at pH 7.5. PBS, ferritin, and IgG showed no such behavior at any of three pH values, and retraced their path of aggregation while dissociating on temperature reversal. Heat aggregation and dissociation processes in ferritin were found to be independent of pH. The IgG samples showed smooth aggregation tendency only up to 35 degrees C in the buffer media pH 4.0 and 9.1, whereas for pH 7.0 the same could be observed until 60 degrees C. Low polydispersity in the correlation spectra was observed in case of all these samples.
Designing a Signal Conditioning System with Software Calibration for Resistor-feedback Patch Clamp Amplifier (2005)

In this paper, a programmable signal conditioning system based on software calibration for resistor-feedback patch clamp amplifier (PCA) has been described, this system is mainly composed of frequency correction, programmable gain and filter whose parameters are configured by software automatically to minimize the errors, A lab-designed data acquisition system (DAQ) is used to implement data collections and communications with PC. The laboratory test results show good agreement with design specifications.
Antireflective structures via spin casting of polymer latex (2007)

Introducing nanosized pores can greatly reduce the refractive index of thin films. Thus antireflective structures can be fabricated by controlled assembly of nanoparticles to form a nanoporous layer. We report what we believe to be the first example of preparing antireflective coatings on glass slides by spin casting polymer latex. Optical transmittances at 550 nm of 95.7% for a single-sided coating and 99.5% for a double-sided coating were achieved. Structure investigations with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the antireflective coatings were highly porous and affected by spin speed and by the concentration and particle size of PMMA latex. Spin coating may be a better method for mass production, because of its convenience, low cost, and good reproducibility.
The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Current management (2010)

This paper is the second in a series of three publications relating to the European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease and concerns the management of active disease, maintenance of medically induced remission and surgery. The aims and methods of the ECCO Consensus, as well as sections on diagnosis and classification are covered in the first paper [van Assche et al. JCC 2009a]. The final paper covers post-operative recurrence, fistulating disease, the management of paediatric and adolescent IBD, pregnancy, psychosomatics, extraintestinal manifestations and complementary or alternative therapy for Crohn's disease [Van Assche et al JCC 2009b]. #### Principal changes with respect to the 2006 ECCO guidelines

The early use of azathioprine/mercaptopurine or methotrexate in combination with steroids is an appropriate option in moderately active localised ileocaecal CD. Anti-TNF therapy should be considered as an alternative for patients with objective evidence of active disease who have previously been steroid-refractory, steroid-dependent, or steroid-intolerant (based on Statement 5B).

For those patients with severely active localised ileocaecal Crohn's disease and objective evidence of active disease who have relapsed, anti-TNF therapy with or without an immunomodulator is an appropriate option [EL1a, RG B for infliximab]. For some patients who have infrequently relapsing disease, restarting steroids with an immunomodulator may be appropriate (based on Statement 5C).

All currently available anti-TNF therapies appear to have generally similar efficacy and adverse-event profiles for inflammatory (‘luminal’) Crohn's disease, so the choice depends on availability, route of delivery, patient preference, cost and national guidelines \[EL5, RG D\] (Statement 5I).

Patients receiving azathioprine or mercaptopurine who relapse should be evaluated for adherence to therapy and have their dose optimised. Changing their maintenance therapy to methotrexate [EL1b RG B] or anti-TNF therapy [EL1a RGB] should be considered. Surgery should always be considered as an option in localised disease [EL4, …