gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and Chemical Profiling of the Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferases (2007)

The human cytosolic sulfotransfases (hSULTs) comprise a family of 12 phase II enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs and hormones, the bioactivation of carcinogens, and the detoxification of xenobiotics. Knowledge of the structural and mechanistic basis of substrate specificity and activity is crucial for understanding steroid and hormone metabolism, drug sensitivity, pharmacogenomics, and response to environmental toxins. We have determined the crystal structures of five hSULTs for which structural information was lacking, and screened nine of the 12 hSULTs for binding and activity toward a panel of potential substrates and inhibitors, revealing unique "chemical fingerprints" for each protein. The family-wide analysis of the screening and structural data provides a comprehensive, high-level view of the determinants of substrate binding, the mechanisms of inhibition by substrates and environmental toxins, and the functions of the orphan family members SULT1C3 and SULT4A1. Evidence is provided for structural "priming" of the enzyme active site by cofactor binding, which influences the spectrum of small molecules that can bind to each enzyme. The data help explain substrate promiscuity in this family and, at the same time, reveal new similarities between hSULT family members that were previously unrecognized by sequence or structure comparison alone.
New CMOS devices and compact modeling (2007)

FinFET provides several advantages over the planar MOSFET structure—less short-channel effect, less variation in threshold voltage, and higher carrier mobility, allowing scaling to 5nm gate length. Using embedded SRAM as the entry point, FinFET may enter manufacturing at the 32nm node. BSIM-MG is a turn-key compact model of multi-gate MOSFETs fabricated on either SOI or bulk substrates. A compact model of multi-gate transistors will facilitate their adoption.
Unusual Cellular Fatty Acids and Distinctive Ultrastructure in a New Spiral Bacterium (Campylobacter Pyloridis) from the Human Gastric Mucosa (1985)

Summary Spiral bacteria, named Campylobacter pyloridis, were obtained from endoscopic biopsies of the gastric antrum of 14 patients with active chronic gastritis. Methyl esters of their cellular fatty acids were prepared by acid-catalysed transmethylation of whole cells. Their major fatty acids were tetradecanoic acid (14:0) and cis-9, 10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid (19:0Δ), with a very small amount of hexadecanoic acid (16:0). This is markedly different from the fatty acids of other Campylobacter sp. whose major fatty acids are hexadecanoic, octadecenoic (18:1) and hexadecenoic acids (16:1). This is also different from other enterobacteria. Thin-section electronmicroscopy of gastric mucosal biopsies, and negative staining of cultured C. pyloridis, revealed features that differ from those of other campylobacters so far studied. C. pyloridis has a smooth not a rugose surface and multiple unipolar flagella of the sheathed type, each with a terminal bulb. Flagellar sheaths were in continuity with the unit membrane of the outer cell wall. The proposed species C. pyloridis does not belong among the spirochaetes and its DNA composition is incompatible with membership of the genera Spirillum or Vibrio but is compatible with Campylobacter. Thus C. pyloridis is either an atypical member of the genus Campylobacter, the limits of which may have to be redefined to accommodate the new species, or a representative of a new genus.
Foamy Viruses (1993)

Foamy viruses share complex genome organization with lentiviruses and certain oncoviruses. The open reading frame 3' of env encodes a transcriptional transactivator. Distinct responsive sequences were identified in the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of simian (SFV-1 and SFV-3) and human foamy viruses (HFV). Transactivation of heterologous LTRs was described including those of simian and human immunodeficiency viruses. Foamy viruses persist for the whole lifetime in infected hosts (primates, cats, hamsters, cattle, and probably other mammals). The virus may be orally shed and transmitted, while being latent in various internal organs. Selective viral gene expression in the brains of mice transgenic for HFV has suggested a particular relationship to neural tissue. In latently SFV-3-infected cultured cells, methylation of proviral DNA is apparently involved in the control of latency. Demethylation as well as transfection with the transactivator were shown to be instrumental in viral reactivation. Natural infections with foamy viruses are common, elicit strong immune responses, and seem to be asymptomatic in nonhuman primates. Detection of such infections, however, may not be a triviality in man. While accidental transmission of foamy viruses to man is well documented, reported seroprevalence in human populations and the association of HFV with specific pathology (e.g. thyroiditis de Quervain, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Graves' disease) are controversial and remain to be proven.
Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is the host receptor for the binary toxin <i>Clostridium difficile</i> transferase (CDT) (2011)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Hypervirulent strains of the pathogen, which are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality of CDI, produce the binary actin-ADP ribosylating toxin Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT) in addition to the Rho-glucosylating toxins A and B. CDT depolymerizes the actin cytoskeleton, increases adherence and colonization of Clostridia by induction of microtubule-based cell protrusions and, eventually, causes death of target cells. Using a haploid genetic screen, we identified the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor as the membrane receptor for CDT uptake by target cells. Moreover, we show that Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, which is a related binary actin-ADP ribosylating toxin, enters target cells via the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor. Identification of the toxin receptors is essential for understanding of the toxin uptake and provides a most valuable basis for antitoxin strategies.
Correlation of Viscosity and Conductance with 23Na+ NMR <i>T</i>1 Measurements (1990)

Abstract The relationship between rotational correlation time and the translational diffusion coefficient (Stokes–Einstein equation) of sodium ions dissolved in a series of water–glycerol solutions was studied. NMR longitudinal relaxation measurements gave an estimate of the rotational correlation time for the hydrated sodium ion. From this, using the Debye and Stokes–Einstein equations the translational diffusion coefficient was calculated. These results were compared with estimates of the sodium ion diffusion coefficient obtained using pulsed field gradient NMR. The simple, chemical system was chosen for this study so that the nature of the sodium relaxation would be unambiguous. Also, conductivity measurements were performed on each solution since the conductivity is intimately related to the rate of ionic diffusion. The results showed that due to the spherical nature of the hydrated sodium ion the Debye and Stokes–Einstein equations are well obeyed allowing translational diffusion coefficients to be calculated from rotational correlation times in good agreement with those measured using pulsed field gradient NMR.
Study of HTS Machine System Cooling With a Closed-Loop Thermosyphon: Stability of Unsteady Heat Load and Transient Conduction (2016)

Thermosyphoning (TS) is a heat exchange mechanism that uses a circulating refrigerant based on natural convection with no need for a mechanical pump. This cooling technique has been employed to circulate liquid coolant and gaseous coolant for high-temperature superconductor (HTS) rotating machine systems. These machines operate with an HTS field pole in the temperature range from 25 to 40 K, which are suitable temperatures for the survivability of HTS wires. The cryomechanical components are simple; there are a condenser, an evaporator, and adiabatic tubes located between the condenser and the evaporator. For applications to ship propulsion motors or generators of the radial gap type, the liquid/gas coolant flow along the adiabatic tube inside the rotating shaft may be considerably affected by the ship's rolling and/or pitching motion. In this work, we studied the temperature stability and heat load survivability of cryogenic TS, by constructing a 100 W @ 30 K-grade model. We investigated the temperature, thermal resistance, and heat flux, with a maximum load up to 60 W, of ground and onboard tests. The observed TS behavior indicates that there is sufficient survivability to assemble megawatt-class ship propulsion systems.
Therapeutic potential of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis (2007)

Activation of PI3K is a key step of intracellular signaling involved in many cellular functions. PI3K inhibitors have shown anti-rheumatic effects on arthritis model in mice. PI3K is a potential therapeutic target of rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics in in-home networking - Compatibility issues between services supporting networked appliances (2003)

In the near future general household appliances, such as televisions, refrigerators, alarm clocks, stoves, and even lights, will be supplemented with a network interface connecting them to the Internet. Homes are being equipped with such networked appliances to allow a more convenient way of living. Such extensive automatic control of appliances leads to the concept of the smart home. Behind such automation, there is a lot of software controlling the appliances. This software, often referred to as services, applications, or bundles, is supplied by a range of service provider businesses. Hence, in a single home, appliances may be controlled by a multitude of services offered by a wide variety of different providers. Moreover, some services may require the use of other services. Importantly, these businesses are completely independent and may not even be aware of one another or their products. Hence, appliances may be controlled by more than one service, and indeed these controlling services are often trying to achieve different goals. This causes compatibility issues that need to be resolved for networked appliances to be successful in the mass market. This problem is well known in telephony and historically is referred to as the feature interaction problem. This article discusses the issue of compatibility between services in a home environment. Reasons why and how services interact are discussed, and a taxonomy of interactions is presented. Finally, an approach is presented that prevents interactions. The approach presented uses accepted and known device and protocol interworking techniques. Throughout the article a number of example scenarios are used to illustrate the issues. However, the emphasis of the article is not only to present sample services for controlling home appliances or identify specific interactions between such services, but to find a general solution to the feature interaction problem that can automatically detect interactions between services in the home.
An important regulatory role for CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8αα T cells in the intestinal epithelial layer in the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease (2003)

The normal immunoregulatory mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa, despite continuous provocation by environmental antigens, are jeopardized in inflammatory bowel diseases. Although previous studies have suggested that intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes prevent spontaneous intestinal inflammation, there is limited knowledge about the characteristics of regulatory cells in the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes population. Here we show that CD4(+)CD8 alpha alpha(+) double-positive cells present in the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes population can suppress T helper 1-induced intestinal inflammation in an IL-10-dependent fashion. CD4(+) T cells stimulated along the Th2 but not the Th1 lineage, when transferred to RAG-1-/- mice, acquire CD8 alpha alpha expression on reaching the intestinal epithelium, and on arrival there, augment their production of IL-10. We show that a precursor CD4(+) T cell after limited, but not repeated, stimulation by IL-4 is able to become a double-positive-regulatory cell on exposure to the intestinal microenvironment in mice. Both CD8 alpha alpha acquisition and IL-10 production depend critically on the NF-kappa B-GATA-3-axis that we have previously shown is essential for differentiation to the Th2 phenotype and for the induction of airway inflammation. Our studies identify a mechanism for the generation of regulatory T cells in the intestine that may play an important role in controlling inflammatory bowel disease.
Self-Assembly of PZT Actuators for Micropumps With High Process Repeatability (2006)

In this paper, we report a novel capillary-driven self-assembly technique which proceeds in an air environment and demonstrate it by assembling square piezoelectric transducer (PZT) actuators for 28 diffuser valve micropumps on a 4-inch pyrex/silicon substrate: on the substrate, binding sites are wells of 24 mum in depth and the only hydrophilic areas; on the bonding face of the PZT actuator, the central hydrophilic area is a square identical in size to the binding site, and the rim is hydrophobic; acrylate-based adhesive liquid is dispensed across the substrate and wets only the binding sites; the hydrophilic areas on the introduced PZT actuators self-align with the binding sites to minimize interfacial energies by capillary forces from the adhesive droplets; the aligned PZT actuators are pressed to contact the gold coated substrate by their rims and the adhesive is polymerized by heating to 85 degC for half an hour, so permanent mechanical and electrical connections are established, respectively, at the center and rim of each PZT actuator. These pumps perform with high uniformity, which is indicated by a small standard deviation of their resonant frequencies to pump ethanol: the average resonant frequency is 6.99 kHz and the standard deviation is 0.1 kHz. Compared with the conventional bonding process with highly viscous silver epoxy, this assembly method has several major advantages: highly accurate placement with self-alignment, controllable adhesive thickness, tilt free bonding, low process temperature and high process repeatability
Metadata archiving function for personalized DMB system (2009)

To activate DMB service and provide personalized broadcasting service, ‘DMB ECG XML Standard’ had been established as TTA standard. To check the correctness of ‘DMB ECG XML Standard’ and effectiveness of DMB ECG services, PDMB system was developed consisting of several subsystems. Especially, as a trigger point to operate other subsystems, archiving subsystem takes charge of critical role in PDMB system. So this paper provides brief introduction of ‘DMB ECG XML Standard’, overall structure of PDMB system, and minute explanation of structure and functions of archiving subsystem.
New Estimation Method for Fatty Acid Composition in Oil Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (2002)

The absorption bands of cis-unsaturation and the carbon chain length of the fatty acid moieties in oil appear in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region, especially around 1600-1800 nm. Using this region, a new estimation method for fatty acid composition analysis is proposed. Because the differences of the original NIR spectra are miniscule even in this region, the second derivative NIR spectra were examined in order to estimate the fatty acid composition in oil exclusively from the spectral patterns obtained. The parameters for calculating the second derivative NIR spectra were examined to make the spectral difference clearer. In any parameter, the absorption band was shifted to the shorter wavelength region when the unsaturation in fatty acid moieties increased, and it was shifted to the longer wavelength region when the carbon chain length increased. When the parameters were correct, this NIR method can estimate the fatty acid composition roughly, but simply, easily, and sometimes nondestructively.
Alkaloidal Sugar Mimetics: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Applications (2000)

Alkaloids mimicking the structures of sugars inhibit glycosidases because of a structural resemblance to the sugar moiety of the natural substrate. Glycosidases are involved in a wide range of important biological processes, such as intestinal digestion, post-translational processing of glycoproteins and the lysosomal catabolism of glycoconjugates. The realization that alkaloidal sugar mimics might have enormous therapeutic potential in many diseases such as viral infection, cancer and diabetes led to increasing interest and demand for these compounds. In this review, the structural basis of the specificity of alkaloidal sugar mimics and their current and potential applications to biomedical problems are reviewed.
The Chemistry of Perfumes Based on Labdane Diterpenoids (1982)

The advances in the synthesis of C14–C19 perfumes derived from bicyclic labdane diterpenoids and their enantiomers as well as data concerning the sources of the starting materials are presented. The dependence of the odour of the above compounds on their structure and stereochemistry and the questions arising in the manufacture of some of them and their practical applications are considered. The bibliography includes 242 references
NUCLEATION WITH BOILING HEAT TRANSFER (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNUCLEATION WITH BOILING HEAT TRANSFERWarren M. RohsenowCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1966, 58, 1, 40–47Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50673a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50673a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Queueing-based storage performance modeling and placement in OpenStack environments (2014)

In enterprise data centers, reliable performance models on storage devices are desirable for efficient storage management and optimization. However, many cloud environments consist of heterogeneous storage devices, e.g., a mixture of commodity disks, where accurate performance models are of particular challenge to attain. In this paper, we propose a lightweight queueing-based storage performance modeling framework, which is able to infer the maximum IO load that a storage device can sustain, as well as its IO load v.s. response time performance curve. Our inference framework views the underlying storage resources as blackboxes and only utilizes historical measurements of the IO and response time on the devices. In an OpenStack environment, we also develop a new storage volume placement algorithm using our performance inference and modeling framework. Experimental results show that our solution can provide up to 80% increase of the IO throughput, in tandem with a 40% reduction of the average response time, compared to the performance provided by the default OpenStack policy.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Oxygen and Argon at Room Temperature (1996)

A simple and accurate method for the analysis of oxygen and argon at room temperature with a dual-column gas chromatographic system is described. The system consists of a 5A molecular sieve (MS 5A) column and a combination column (MS 5A and palladium alumina catalyst). The MS 5A column is used to separate the air sample into two main peaks at room temperature: an argon and oxygen combined peak and a nitrogen peak. The combination column is used to separate the argon and oxygen peaks; the oxygen is eliminated due to the catalytic reaction with hydrogen (hydrogen is used as the carrier gas), so only the argon peak is eluted. The concentrations of oxygen and argon can be calculated by comparing the output of both columns.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqua‐Mediated Synthesis of Bio‐Active Compounds (2013)

Abstract Review: 46 refs.
Influence of Water Content on the β-Sheet Formation, Thermal Stability, Water Removal, and Mechanical Properties of Silk Materials (2016)

Silk, which has excellent mechanical toughness and is lightweight, is used as a structural material in nature, for example, in silkworm cocoons and spider draglines. However, the industrial use of silk as a structural material has garnered little attention. For silk to be used as a structural material, its thermal processability and associated properties must be well understood. Although water molecules influence the glass transition of silk, the effects of water content on the other thermal properties of silks are not well understood. In this study, we prepared Bombyx mori cocoon raw fibers, degummed fibers, and films with different water contents and then investigated the effects of water content on crystallization, degradation, and water removal during thermal processing. Thermal gravimetric analyses of the silk materials showed that water content did not affect the thermal degradation temperature but did influence the water removal behavior. By increasing the water content of silk, the water molecules were removed at lower temperatures, indicating that the amount of free water in silk materials increased; additionally, the glass transition temperature decreased with increasing water plasticization. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray scattering of the silk films also suggested that the water molecules in the amorphous regions of the silk films acted as a plasticizer and induced β-sheet crystallization. The plasticizing effect of water was not detected in silk fibers, owing to their lower amorphous content and mobility. The structural and mechanical characterizations of the silk films demonstrated the silk film prepared at RH 97% realized both crystallinity and ductility simultaneously. Thus, the thermal stability, mechanical, and other properties of silk materials are regulated by their water content and crystallinity.
Photoaffinity labeling of the ribosomal peptidyl transferase site with synthetic puromycin analogs (1978)

A photoaffinity labeling puromycin analogue, Nepsilon-(2-nitro-4-azidophenyl)-L-lysinyl puromycin aminonucleoside (NAP-Lys-Pan), was synthesized and used for investigation of the peptidyl transferase center of 70S riobsomes. Visible light irradiation of NAP-Lys-Pan led to covalent linkage of the analogue with Escherichia coli ribosomes. In a subsequent step, poly(uridylic acid) was employed to direct Ac[14C]Phe-tRNA to the P sites of the photolabeled ribosomes. Transpeptidation of Ac[14C]phenylalanine to the bound NAP-Lys-Pan resulted in selective incorporation of radioactive label into the peptidyl transferase A site. Dissociation of the ribosomes into subunits, and digestion of the RNA components, indicated that the radioactive label was incorporated into a protein fraction of the 50S subunit.