gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Strategies in Chemotherapy for Gliomas (2015)

原発性脳腫瘍は腫瘍の形態学, 細胞学, 分子遺伝学, 免疫組織学的特徴を併せて評価するWHOのgradingが広く普及し, 疾患予後を表す指標となっている. 神経膠腫の遺伝子診断は, 病理診断の補助的な役割をするばかりではなく, 新しい腫瘍分類を構築し, それに基づいた治療体系を提示する可能性を秘めている. いくつもの遺伝子異常が重なる必要があるという多段階発癌説が現在の共通認識であり, 理論的にはそうした遺伝子異常のパターンによって腫瘍細胞の生物学的特性を予測することは可能である. グリオーマ (神経膠腫) の化学療法を理解するために必要な遺伝子変化として, O6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), 染色体1p19q, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), TP53, およびisocitrate dehyrodogenase (IDH) 1 & IDH 2等が特に着目されている. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) による膠芽腫の最新分類も発表されている. 悪性神経膠腫に対してテモゾロミド (TMZ) という第2世代アルキル化剤が現在の標準治療法であるStuppプロトコルの化学療法の基本となっているが, 約半数の症例がこのTMZに対して耐性を示す. いまだ有効な治療方法がなく, 予後がきわめて悪いとされている神経膠芽腫の化学療法の有効性を改善させるにはいくつかの障壁があり, その克服が予後改善につながると考えられる. 新しい化学療法にはそれぞれの障壁, 特にMGMT, 血管新生および血液脳関門 (BBB) を克服する試みがされている. TMZの薬物耐性をきたすMGMTの克服にはTMZの増量方法やインターフェロンβ (IFN-β) の併用が臨床試験で試されている. 血管新生を抑制する抗血管新生療法としてアバスチン (BEV) が注目されており, その有効性を調べた2つのランダム化臨床試験, AVAGlioおよびRTOG 0825が新しく発表された. 血液脳関門の克服として局所化学療法が注目されており, カルムスチン脳内留置用剤 (BCNU wafer interstitial chemotherapy) に期待される. MGMTの克服としてわれわれは以前よりIFN-βに着目しており, 動物実験の結果その有効性および安全性が証明されている. 本稿では, IFN-β併用の有効性についてわれわれの実験結果およびその有効性に基づいた臨床試験 (INTEGRA Study) を紹介する. その他, MGMT克服としてTMZの増量方法, BEV併用の臨床試験およびBCNU waferの臨床試験の文献的検討を加えた神経膠腫に対する化学療法の最新知見を述べる.
[Structure-activity relations of antineoplastic platinum II and platinum IV coordination compounds]. (1989)

Five diammine-Pt(II) or Pt(IV) coordination compounds, namely cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (II) "cis-DDP", transdihydroxy-cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (IV) "trans-ODDP", and derived substitution products of lactic acid (racemates or L-forms) with diminished toxicity in comparison to cis-DDP have been tested against mouse leukemia P388, and partly on melanoma B16 for antineoplastic activity. The results have been compared with those obtained with the clinical approved cis-DDP. They were not in every way equal to the antitumor efficiency of cis-DDP. Improved physicochemical properties as well as favorable differences of side effects in contrast to cis-DDP, could be decisive for the potential value of these substances.
A High-Content Screening Assay for the Nogo Receptor Based on Cellular Rho Activation (2006)

Rho family proteins can coordinate multiple signaling pathways through their ability to regulate both gene transcription and the actin cytoskeleton. With respect to the neuronal Nogo receptor (NgR), recent data assign a key role for the GTPase Rho in the control of cellular responses leading to actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and finally resulting in axonal outgrowth inhibition and growth cone collapse in the adult human central nervous system. In order to evaluate potential NgR antagonists, human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably overexpressing RhoA in the absence or presence of NgR have been generated. RhoA activation induced by stimulation with the alkaline phosphatase-tagged NgR ligand Nogo66 (AP-Nogo66) was confirmed by affinity-precipitation of the GTPase with the Rho-binding domain from Rhotekin. As this pull-down assay is not applicable to a higher-throughput format, a cellular Rho GTPase activation assay strategy based on the ability of Rho to regulate the actin cytoskeleton was developed. Stimulation with L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a Rho activator acting through the ubiquitiously expressed LPA receptors, induced significant cytoskeletal rearrangement resulting in cell contraction in all RhoA-overexpressing cell lines. In contrast, stimulation with AP-Nogo66 resulted in Rho-dependent cell contraction with a similar time course only in the NgR-expressing cell line. Moreover, the NgR-induced Rho-dependent morphological changes could be analyzed and quantified with customary image analysis software. In conclusion, the cytoskeletal rearrangement assay is amenable to automated high-content screening and has the potential to eliminate major technical bottlenecks of the pull-down assay. The increased throughput of the cellular GTPase activation assay compared with the biochemical method should facilitate the evaluation of compounds that modulate the actin cytoskeleton through Rho.
Joint Parameter Selection for Massive MIMO: An Energy-Efficient Perspective (2016)

In this paper, the energy-efficient massive MIMO design problem is investigated in both single-cell and multi-cell scenarios with the aim of selecting appropriate parameters to maximize the overall system energy utilization. To this end, a more realistic parameter selection model is established by considering the channel estimation error and pilot contamination (PC). In the proposed model, we not only optimize the number of antennas, the number of users, and the transmission power to balance the improved radiated energy efficiency and the increased circuit power consumption, but also optimize the length of pilot sequences to make a desired trade-off between improving channel estimation accuracy and reserving more resources for data transmission. We first focus on the single-cell scenario, and strictly prove the quasi-concavity of the objective function in each dimension after suitable variable transformation, based on which an alternative optimization plus bisection searching (AO-BS) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem quickly. Then, the research is extended into the multi-cell scenario by increasingly considering PC and multi-cell interference. Since PC is related to the relative pilot length, i.e., the ratio between the length of pilot sequences and the number of users, the formulated problem is difficult to deal with directly. For effective solving, we divide the original problem into multiple subproblems according to the setting of pilot reusing factor, and employ the proposed AO-BS algorithm to solve each subproblem. Through numerical simulations, it is observed that the proposed AO-BS algorithm converges rapidly and is almost able to achieve the globally optimal solution. Meanwhile, from the perspective of energy efficiency maximization, massive MIMO is more preferable in the case of large cell coverage, and selecting a large relative pilot length is beneficial, always resulting in higher energy utilization in both single-cell and multi-cell scenarios.
Mixed lineage leukemia protein in normal and leukemic stem cells (2013)

Transcription factors critical for normal hematopoietic stem cell functions are frequently mutated in acute leukemia leading to an aberrant re-programming of normal hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells into leukemic stem cells. Among them, re-arrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL), including chimeric fusion, partial tandem duplication (PTD), amplification and internal exonic deletion, represent one of the most common recurring oncogenic events and associate with very poor prognosis in human leukemias. Extensive research on wild type MLL and MLL-fusions has significant advanced our knowledge about their functions in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, which also provides a framework for the underlying pathogenic role of MLL re-arrangements in human leukemias. In contrast, research progress on MLL-PTD, MLL amplification and internal exonic deletion remains stagnant, in particular for the last two abnormalities where mouse model is not yet available. In this article, we will review the key features of both wild-type and re-arranged MLL proteins with particular focuses on MLL-PTD and MLL amplification for their roles in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
The disintegration and vaporization of plastic targets irradiated by high-power laser pulses (1977)

We have studied the disintegration of polyethylene and polystyrene targets irradiated by 100-J 40-nsec Nd/glass laser pulses. At power densities of ≲1012 W/cm2 relatively massive targets (6×10−5 to 5×10−4 cm3) are totally disintegrated to produce finely divided target material and un-ionized vapor. Both the size of the target and the presence or absence of a laser prepulse strongly influence the proportions of finely divided target material and un-ionized vapor, especially within the first few microseconds after peak laser power. This disintegration is always preceded by the emission of a hot fully ionized plasma, but only 1% of the target material is contained in the hot plasma. Typically, (1–3) ×1019 atoms of un-ionized vapor are released as a slowly expanding (v∼105 cm/sec) cold dense gas cloud (no≳1019 cm−3) surrounding the initial target position. This cloud of target material has subsequently been heated by absorption of a 300-J 100-nsec CO2 laser pulse to produce an approximately fully ionized plasma.
Drain-structure design for reduced band-to-band and band-to-defect tunneling leakage (1990)

The author investigates and models gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) effects over a wide variety of drain structures, including <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n </e1> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -As/ <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</e1> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> -P combinations, <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</e1> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> implant doses ( <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</e1> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n-</sub> ), and spacer lengths (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ). An analytical model taking account of nm-order As doping modulation is proposed to explain the enhanced GIDL for <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</e1> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -As FETs and the suppressed B-B tunneling with increasing <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</e1> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n-</sub> for large-tilt-angle implanted-drain devices. Band-to-defect tunneling via interface states is also simulated and found to limit device performance, as well as hot-carrier reliability, much more severely than B-B tunneling. Based on the above understanding, drain-structure design is discussed in view of both performance and reliability
Specification of events and states in complex systems (1992)

Monitoring consists of collecting information from the system and detecting particular events and states using the collected information. These events and states can be symptoms for performance degradations, erroneous functions, suspicious activities, etc. and are subject to further analysis. Detecting events and states requires a specification language which makes it possible to express a wide variety of events/states easily and also allows the implementation of the efficient detection algorithm. The authors introduce an event/state specification language based on classical temporal logic. They compare the language with other languages such as relational algebra, historical relational algebra, OPS5, and an extended regular expression based language. It is proved that the language is as expressive as or more expressive than the other languages. It is also shown that the language can specify a variety of events and states more conveniently than the other languages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental metastatic ability of H-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. (1985)

We have used a quantitative "experimental" metastasis assay in the embryonic chick, an immunodeficient host, to examine in vivo growth properties of ras oncogene-transformed NIH3T3 cells. We found that two independently derived populations of NIH3T3 cells that had been morphologically transformed with the T24 human H-ras oncogene were able to grow in vivo following i.v. injection. Nontransformed control NIH3T3 cells with normal morphology did not grow in this assay. Spontaneously arising morphological transformants from control NIH3T3 cell populations were also tested and did not grow in this assay. We conclude that the H-ras gene can confer experimental metastatic ability on nonmetastatic NIH3T3 cells, that the ras gene alters the cells in some way beyond in vitro morphological transformation, and thus that the in vitro transformation assay detects only part of the malignant phenotype of these cells.
Classifying the Dimensional Variation in Additive Manufactured Parts From Laser-Scanned Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Data Using Machine Learning Approaches (2017)

The objective of this work is to develop and apply a spectral graph theoretic approach for differentiating between (classifying) additive manufactured (AM) parts contingent on the severity of their dimensional variation from laser-scanned coordinate measurements (3D point cloud). The novelty of the approach is in invoking spectral graph Laplacian eigenvalues as an extracted feature from the laser-scanned 3D point cloud data in conjunction with various machine learning techniques. The outcome is a new method that classifies the dimensional variation of an AM part by sampling less than 5% of the 2 million 3D point cloud data acquired (per part). This is a practically important result, because it reduces the measurement burden for postprocess quality assurance in AM—parts can be laser-scanned and their dimensional variation quickly assessed on the shop floor. To realize the research objective, the procedure is as follows. Test parts are made using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) polymer AM process. The FFF process conditions are varied per a phased design of experiments plan to produce parts with distinctive dimensional variations. Subsequently, each test part is laser scanned and 3D point cloud data are acquired. To classify the dimensional variation among parts, Laplacian eigenvalues are extracted from the 3D point cloud data and used as features within different machine learning approaches. Six machine learning approaches are juxtaposed: sparse representation, k-nearest neighbors, neural network, naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and decision tree. Of these, the sparse representation technique provides the highest classification accuracy (F-score > 97%).
Identification of regions of .alpha.-thrombin involved in its interaction with hirudin (1987)

The contributions of various regions of human alpha-thrombin to the formation of the tight complex with hirudin have been assessed by using derivatives of thrombin. alpha-Thrombin in which the active-site serine was modified with diisopropyl fluorophosphate was able to bind hirudin, but its affinity for hirudin was decreased by 10(3)-fold compared to unmodified alpha-thrombin. Modification of the active-site histidine with D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl resulted in a form of thrombin with a 10(6)-fold reduced affinity for hirudin. gamma-Thrombin is produced by proteolytic cleavage of alpha-thrombin in two surface loops corresponding to residues 65-83 and 146-150 in alpha-chymotrypsin [Berliner, L. J. (1984) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 61, 159-172; Birktoft, J. J., & Blow, D. M. (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 68, 187-240]. The gamma-thrombin-hirudin complex had a dissociation constant that was 10(6)-fold higher than that of alpha-thrombin. Treatment of alpha-thrombin with pancreatic elastase resulted in a form of thrombin only cleaved in the loop corresponding to residues 146-150 in alpha-chymotrypsin, and this form of thrombin had only a slightly reduced affinity for hirudin. By using limited proteolysis with trypsin, it was possible to isolate beta-thrombin which contained a single cleavage in the loop corresponding to residues 65-83 in alpha-chymotrypsin. This form of thrombin had a 100-fold decrease in affinity for hirudin. Kinetic analysis of the binding of hirudin to beta-thrombin indicated that the 100-fold decrease in affinity was predominantly due to a decrease in the rate of association of the two molecules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experimental Analysis of Punch-Through Conditions in Power $P$-$I$-$N$ Diodes (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Commercial power diodes are optimized to feature punch–through behavior. However, a tradeoff between the width and the doping level of the diode epitaxial layer leads to various levels of optimization. For a given breakdown voltage, a shorter epitaxial layer width leads to better transient performances. Device datasheets do not cover this issue and a simple experimental setup is presented to assess the optimization conditions inside the diode epitaxial layer. Three commercial devices are tested and experimental results are confronted to device simulations. A good agreement is found. </para>
Preparation of novel mesoporous Ce-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalysts and their catalytic performance for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (2013)

Ni2P/SBA-15 precursors with Ni2P loadings of 25 wt% and initial P/Ni of 0.8 were prepared using nickel nitride as nickel source, diammonium hydrogen phosphide as phosphorus and mesopore molecular sieve SBA-15 as support. Then Ce was introduced into the Ni2P/SBA-15 precursor. The novel mesoporous Ce-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared after temperature-programmed reduction in flowing H2. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic activities for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) were evaluated. The results showed that only Ni2P phase was formed in Ce-Ni2P/SAB-15 catalysts with Ce loadings of 0–5 wt%. Ni2P and Ni12P5 phases were existed in 7 wt% Ce-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalyst. The surface area and pore volume increased when Ce was added to Ni2P/SBA-15 catalyst. The strength of the acid sites and total acid amount of Ce-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalysts increased with increasing Ce loadings. Ce existed in the form of Ce3+and Ce4+, Ni existed in the form of Ni2+ and Niδ+, and P existed in the form of Pδ− and P5+. The addition of Ce to the Ni2P/SBA-15 catalyst decreased Niδ+ concentration in Ni2P/SBA-15 catalyst. The activity for HDS of DBT over Ni2P/SBA-15 catalysts was affected by the addition of Ce at 300–340 °C. The catalysts exhibited a good catalytic performance of deep hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and the conversion of DBT can reach 98.9 % at 380 °C. Biphenyl was the main product over Ce-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalysts and cyclohexylbenzene was the main product over Ni2P/SBA-15 catalyst at 380 °C.
A Model for Two Dimensional Free Surface Flow in a Flood Plain (1981)

A two-dimensional numerical model developed by the Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation (SMEC) for simulating flood flow over the complex topography in a flood plain is presented. The fully implicit method is adopted to approximate the time derivatives of the reduced form of the St Venant equations and Newton-Raphson iteration is then used to solve the nonlinear equations. The model was successfully applied to determine flood conditions over the built up areas flanking the River Torrens in Adelaide's Western Suburbs and proved to be a practical and economic method of real time flood flow simulation.
BladeCenter storage (2005)

This paper describes the available storage options for the IBM eServer™ BladeCenter® system—local hard disk drives on each processor blade, network-attached storage accessed over Ethernet, and storage area network (SAN)-attached storage accessed over Fibre Channel—highlighting where each provides a compelling or unique storage solution. The basic selection criteria are presented, focusing on the most significant attributes of each option. Additional information is provided for emerging technologies, iSCSI (SAN-attached storage accessed over Ethernet) and InfiniBand®, and the technologies and attributes that have unique importance in a blade-server environment.
Design of RF transceiver with CC1100 chip for wireless data acquisition (2008)

In this paper, we describe a design of the hardware interface and communication process of a wireless data acquisition system using a monolithic CC1100 chip working with a PIC16Fxxx MCU. The design has been applied to collect data during the transportation of petroleum products in the petrochemical industry. The fault tolerance problem in the one-to-many data communication is solved. This paper also presents the solutions for design problems in the application.
Site abstraction for rare category classification in large-scale web directory (2005)

Automatically classifying the Web directories is an effective way to manage Web information. However, our experiments showed that the state-of-the-art text classification technologies could not lead to acceptable performance in this task. Due to our analysis, the main problem is the lack of effective training data in rare categories of Web directories. To tackle this problem, we proposed a novel technology named Site Abstraction to synthesize new training examples from the website of the existing training document. The main idea is to propagate features through parent-child relationship in the sitemap tree. Experiments showed that our method significantly improved the classification performance.
Vapor Phase Synthesis of Upconverting Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Nanocrystals Doped with Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup>, Ho<sup>3+</sup>, and Tm<sup>3+</sup>to Generate Red, Green, Blue, and White Light (2008)

We report the vapor phase synthesis of upconverting Y 2O 3 nanocrystals doped with Yb 3+, Er 3+, Ho 3+, and Tm 3+ to generate red, green, blue, and white light. Incorporating Er 3+ within the Yb 3+ doped Y 2O 3 nanocrystals under 980 nm laser excitation produced orange and yellow upconversion luminescence tunable by varying the Yb 3+ concentration. The Yb 3+, Er 3+, and Tm 3+ codoped Y 2O 3 nanocrystals exhibited nearly equal intensities of the red, green, and blue emissions upon 980 nm laser excitation. White light can be produced by adjusting the concentrations of the Ln 3+ ions within the Y 2O 3 nanocrystals.
Guiding Protein Aggregation with Macromolecular Crowding (2008)

Macromolecular crowding is expected to have a significant effect on protein aggregation. In the present study we analyzed the effect of macromolecular crowding on fibrillation of four proteins, bovine S-carboxymethyl-alpha-lactalbumin (a disordered form of the protein with reduced three out of four disulfide bridges), human insulin, bovine core histones, and human alpha-synuclein. These proteins are structurally different, varying from natively unfolded (alpha-synuclein and core histones) to folded proteins with rigid tertiary and quaternary structures (monomeric and hexameric forms of insulin). All these proteins are known to fibrillate in diluted solutions, however their aggregation mechanisms are very divers and some of them are able to form different aggregates in addition to fibrils. We studied how macromolecular crowding guides protein between different aggregation pathways by analyzing the effect of crowding agents on the aggregation patterns under the variety of conditions favoring different aggregated end products in diluted solutions.