gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video2Sentence and vice versa (2013)

In this technical demonstration, we showcase a multimedia search engine that retrieves a video from a sentence, or a sentence from a video. The key novelty is our machine translation capability that exploits a cross-media representation for both the visual and textual modality using concept vocabularies. We will demonstrate the translations using arbitrary web videos and sentences related to everyday events. What is more, we will provide an automatically generated explanation, in terms of concept detectors, on why a particular video or sentence has been retrieved as the most likely translation.
Construction of lysozyme exfoliated rectorite‐based electrospun nanofibrous membranes for bacterial inhibition (2014)

ABSTRACT Lysozyme (LY) exfoliated rectorite (REC) based electrospun nanofibrous membranes with enhanced bacterial inhibition ability and thermostability were fabricated via electrospinning. All the obtained membranes exhibited better fiber shape and three‐dimensional structure, which could be observed by scanning electron microscopy. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum denoted the existence of LY and REC in the composite membranes. Besides, the FTIR results suggested that there were interactions between REC and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/LY chains. Small angle X‐ray diffraction indicated that REC was exfoliated by PVA and LY chains. In addition, the exfoliation of REC was directly confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. According to Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area test results, PVA/LY/REC membranes had higher surface area than that of PVA/LY membranes. The performance tests showed that both the thermal stability and antibacterial activity of the composite membranes were enhanced after adding REC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41496.
Polycyclotrimerization of diynes, a new approach to hyperbranched polyphenylenes (1999)

Polycyclotrimerization of diynes was explored as a new route to hyperbranched polymers in this investigation. Polymerization of terminal diynes of 1,8-nonadiyne and 1,9-decadiyne was studied using TaCl<sub>5</sub>, NbCl<sub>5</sub>, Mo(CO)<sub>4</sub>(nbd) and [Mo(CO)<sub>3</sub>cp]<sub>2</sub> as catalysts (where nbd = 2,5-norbornadiene, cp = cyclopentadiene). A soluble polymer was obtained when the polymerization of 1,9-decadiyne was initiated by TaCl<sub>5</sub> at low temperature (0°C). The polymer, however, became partially soluble after purification, possibly due to the postpolymerization-induced crosslinking. NbCl<sub>5</sub>-catalyzed polymerization of 1,9-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,8-nonadiyne gave a completely soluble polymer. Soluble polymers were also obtained from the polymerization of 3,9-dodecadiyne initiated by NbCl<sub>5</sub>, Mo(CO)<sub>4</sub>(nbd), [Mo(CO)<sub>3</sub>cp]<sub>2</sub>, PdCl<sub>2</sub>-ClSiMe<sub>3</sub> and Pd/C-ClSiMe<sub>3</sub>. IR, UV, and NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed that different catalysts gave polymers with different structures, ranging from linear polyenes to hyperbranched polyphenylenes. The polymers absorb UV light at around 250 nm and emit fluorescence at 340 nm when they are excited at 248 nm.
On the number of channels needed to understand speech (1999)

Recent studies have shown that high levels of speech understanding could be achieved when the speech spectrum was divided into four channels and then reconstructed as a sum of four noise bands or sine waves with frequencies equal to the center frequencies of the channels. In these studies speech understanding was assessed using sentences produced by a single male talker. The aim of experiment 1 was to assess the number of channels necessary for a high level of speech understanding when sentences were produced by multiple talkers. In experiment 1, sentences produced by 135 different talkers were processed through n (2 < or = n < or = 16) number of channels, synthesized as a sum of n sine waves with frequencies equal to the center frequencies of the filters, and presented to normal-hearing listeners for identification. A minimum of five channels was needed to achieve a high level (90%) of speech understanding. Asymptotic performance was achieved with eight channels, at least for the speech material used in this study. The outcome of experiment 1 demonstrated that the number of channels needed to reach asymptotic performance varies as a function of the recognition task and/or need for listeners to attend to fine phonetic detail. In experiment 2, sentences were processed through 6 and 16 channels and quantized into a small number of steps. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether listeners use across-channel differences in amplitude to code frequency information, particularly when speech is processed through a small number of channels. For sentences processed through six channels there was a significant reduction in speech understanding when the spectral amplitudes were quantized into a small number (< 8) of steps. High levels (92%) of speech understanding were maintained for sentences processed through 16 channels and quantized into only 2 steps. The findings of experiment 2 suggest an inverse relationship between the importance of spectral amplitude resolution (number of steps) and spectral resolution (number of channels).
Are Corticosteroids Useful in Late-Stage Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? (2010)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by intense inflammation and alveolar-capillary disruption that can progress to a state of unresolving inflammation and disordered fibrosis, referred to as fibroproliferative, late-stage, or persistent ARDS. These pathophysiologic features may be responsive to corticosteroids, but early high-dose, short-duration therapy was proven ineffective. More recently, several small and one moderate-size multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated low-to-moderate-dose prolonged corticosteroid treatment. The RCT and meta-analysis consistently demonstrated improved oxygenation and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation with methylprednisolone. The largest RCT also revealed less pneumonia and shock, and shorter intensive care unit (ICU) stay, but more cases of severe myoneuropathy, with methylprednisolone. There were virtually identical 60-day and 180-day mortality rates for methylprednisolone and placebo in the largest RCT. Sub-group analysis of that study showed significantly higher mortality with methylprednisolone than with placebo when enrollment occurred > 13 days after onset of ARDS, but small sample size and differences in subject characteristics probably confound those results. Most meta-analyses demonstrated trends toward better survival with methylprednisolone, and, when restricted to patients enrolled in RCTs who received prolonged administration of methylprednisolone that was initiated within the first 14 days of ARDS, one meta-analysis demonstrated better survival with corticosteroids. Importantly, the aforementioned studies have methodological limitations, and the number of subjects enrolled was small. Experts differ in their recommendations regarding corticosteroids for late-stage ARDS, although one consensus group supported a "weak" recommendation of low-to-moderate-dose corticosteroids for ARDS of < 14 days duration. If corticosteroids are administered, infection surveillance, avoidance of neuromuscular blockers, and gradual taper of corticosteroids are recommended.
Process economic considerations for production of ethanol from biomass feedstocks (2006)

Ethanol's future role as a fuel hinges on several factors including feedstock availability, processing costs and supportive political framework. There is growing international consensus that fuel ethanol may serve a multitude of socially, environmentally, and politically desirable goals. As a result, political incentives are expanding, from Brazil and the United States to other countries in Europe and Asia. With all of the new government programs in America, Asia, and Europe in place, total worldwide fuel ethanol demand could grow to exceed 125 billion liters by 2020. Can worldwide agricultural systems sustain future ethanol demand? One answer may be lignocellulosic biomass, which has potential as a low-cost fermentation substrate for making ethanol. Over one billion tons per year of lignocellulosics, much of it corn stover, is potentially available in the United States. Asia is also a large potential producer of bioethanol from crop residues, primarily rice straw. SRI Consulting's Process Economics Program (PEP) has undertaken independent techno-economic evaluation of ethanol production from biomass. This evaluation indicates that both feedstock cost and capital cost are high-impact factors, with hurdles yet to be overcome. We estimate the total fixed capital costs to be nearly $260 million for a 50-million-gallon-per-year grass-roots plant, including an enzyme unit and power plant. An ethanol price of $2.75 per gallon would be required to support investment in a risky, first-of-a-kind ethanol-from-biomass plant. Yield improvements in all major steps of the process would enable lower capital requirements, thus improving the economics and lowering investment risk. Significant improvement in the process economics could result if revenue were to be generated by sale of the residual lignin for uses more valuable than combustion.
Different tumor types from BRCA2 carriers show wild-type chromosome deletions on 13q12-q13. (1995)

In this study we examined loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 13q12-13 in 50 tumors from BRCA2 carriers in five families showing strong evidence of linkage to BRCA2. In addition to high frequency of LOH in female breast cancer, LOH was observed in tumors of the prostate, ovary, cervix, colon, male breast, and ureter. All detected losses involved the wild-type chromosome. These results suggest that BRCA2 is a tumor suppressor gene and may be involved in the tumorigenesis of several cancer types in addition to breast cancer.
Combination therapy for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: palonosetron, dexamethasone, and aprepitant. (2006)

The objective of this multicenter, phase II, open-label study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the newest 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, palonosetron, plus dexamethasone and aprepitant in preventing nausea and vomiting in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Eligible patients received a single intravenous dose of palonosetron (0.25 mg on day 1 of chemotherapy), along with 3 daily oral doses of aprepitant (125 mg on day 1,80 mg on days 2 and 3) and dexamethasone (12 mg on day 1,8 mg on days 2 and 3). Efficacy and safety data were obtained from patient diaries and adverse event reporting. Fifty-eight patients were evaluable; 47% were women with breast cancer and 52% received cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. The proportion of patients with complete response (no emesis and no rescue medication) was 88% during the acute (0-24 hours) interval, 78% during the delayed (> 24-120 hours) interval, and 78% during the overall (0-120 hours post chemotherapy) interval. More than 90% of patients during all time intervals had no emetic episodes, and between 57% and 71% of patients reported no nausea during each of the 5 days post chemotherapy. Treatment was well tolerated, with no unexpected adverse events. These data demonstrate that palonosetron in combination with dexamethasone and aprepitant is safe and highly effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in the days following administration of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
Proteome-Level Differences between Auxinic-Herbicide-Susceptible and -Resistant Wild Mustard (<i>Sinapis arvensis </i>L.) (2004)

To identify proteins that may be involved in mediating auxinic herbicide resistance (i.e., resistance to dicamba, picloram, 2,4-D), we compared the proteomes of an auxinic-herbicide-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) biotype at different developmental stages. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified 11 seedling and leaf proteins that showed reproducible differences in expression between the S and the R wild mustard biotype following application of dicamba. Our proteome-level studies revealed the increased expression of the enzyme peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), which has recently been implicated in auxin signal transduction. Juglone, an inhibitor of PPIase, interfered with the normal ability of R seeds to germinate in the presence of dicamba, whereas S seeds did not germinate in the presence of dicamba or dicamba plus juglone. When R and S plants (3-4 leaf stage) were treated with dicamba, S showed typical auxinic herbicide effects (e.g., epinasty) whereas R did not. However, the concomitant application of dicamba and juglone to greenhouse-grown R plants produced morphological changes that were consistent with known auxinic-herbicide-induced symptoms. This is the first report suggesting the potential involvement of differential expression of PPIase in mediating auxinic herbicide resistance.
Time-critical multiresolution volume rendering using 3D texture mapping hardware (2002)

This paper presents a LOD selection algorithm for multiresolution volume rendering using 3D texture mapping hardware. The goal of the algorithm is to select appropriate LODs automatically from a volume hierarchy so that the rendering speed will match the user's desired frame rate. To achieve this goal, we devise an intra-frame predictive-reactive scheme, which controls the rendering time by collecting run-time performance statistics and performing dynamic LOD selections. Our algorithm takes into account user-specified volume importance criteria when distributing the time budget, so regions of interest can be rendered at a higher quality. Experiments showed that our algorithm can control the rendering speed with less than 10% of error from the user's target frame rate.
Metacognition as a Basis for Learning Support Software (2008)

In order to understand the task of instructional designers who produce learning support software, this paper reviews the influence of learning theory on instructional design, recent developments in computer technology, and the evolving role of the instructor as a facilitator of higher-order thinking. Constructivist principles of learning and an appreciation for the fact that the learner must become more independent and skilled in metacognitive self-assessment and self-management are fundamental to this changing role. Two cognitive tools that provide learner/user support for personal construction of knowledge systems are “MindMap” and “Learning FourMat Processor.” These tools are examined in the light of current learning theory and a recent study comparing the work of novice and expert writers using different forms of performance support. Recommendations are made for the development of a more complete set of cognitive tools that enables users to construct their own multimedia knowledge systems based on higher-order thinking and problem solving.
[Bacterial meningitis in emergency medicine. Factors associated with delay of antimicrobial therapy]. (1998)

Factors associated with delay of antimicrobial therapy were the absence of skin lesions and inappropriate management.
A Segmentation Method of Coronary Angiograms Based on Multi-scale Filtering and Region-Growing (2012)

In this paper, we propose a simple and powerful method for segmentation of the coronary artery in angiograms, which combines Hessian matrix multi-scale filtering and region-growing. In this method, Hessian matrix multi-scale filtering is used to enhance vessel in angiographic images. The multi-seed region-growing algorithm is used to extract the coronary artery tree from the enhanced images. As considering the characteristics of the X-ray angiographic images and the advantages from both, the proposed method is sensitive to the vessel-like structures and robust to noise in the angiograms. Using this method, both the coronary artery trees and most of smaller distal vessels could be extracted clearly. The results show that the proposed method is suitable for the segmentation of coronary angiograms, and is available for further accurate quantitative analysis to coronary angiograms.
Hierarchical support vector machines for multi-class pattern recognition (2002)

Support vector machines (SVM) are learning algorithms derived from statistical learning theory. The SVM approach was originally developed for binary classification problems. In this paper SVM architectures for multi-class classification problems are discussed, in particular we consider binary trees of SVMs to solve the multi-class problem. Numerical results for different classifiers on a benchmark data set of handwritten digits are presented.
Lasing of whispering gallery modes in optofluidic microcapillaries (2016)

This paper demonstrates lasing of the whispering gallery modes in polymer coated optofluidic capillaries and their application to refractive index sensing. The laser gain medium used here is fluorescent Nile Red dye, which is embedded inside the high refractive index polymer coating. We investigate the refractometric sensing properties of these devices for different coating thicknesses, revealing that the high Q factors required to achieve low lasing thresholds can only be realized for relatively thick polymer coatings (in this case ≥ 800 nm). Lasing capillaries therefore tend to have a lower refractive index sensitivity, compared to non-lasing capillaries which can have a thinner polymer coating, due to the stronger WGM confinement within the polymer layer. However we find that the large improvement in signal-to-noise ratio realized for lasing capillaries more than compensates for the decreased sensitivity and results in an order-of-magnitude improvement in the detection limit for refractive index sensing.
A phase 1/2 study of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone as a frontline treatment for multiple myeloma (2012)

This phase 1/2 study in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (N = 53) assessed CRd--carfilzomib (20, 27, or 36 mg/m2, days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 and 1, 2, 15, 16 after cycle 8), lenalidomide (25 mg/d, days 1-21), and weekly dexamethasone (40/20 mg cycles 1-4/5+)--in 28-day cycles. After cycle 4, transplantation-eligible candidates underwent stem cell collection (SCC) then continued CRd with the option of transplantation. The maximum planned dose level (carfilzomib 36 mg/m2) was expanded in phase 2 (n = 36). Thirty-five patients underwent SCC, 7 proceeded to transplantation, and the remainder resumed CRd. Grade 3/4 toxicities included hypophosphatemia (25%), hyperglycemia (23%), anemia (21%), thrombocytopenia (17%), and neutropenia (17%); peripheral neuropathy was limited to grade 1/2 (23%). Most patients did not require dose modifications. After a median of 12 cycles (range, 1-25), 62% (N = 53) achieved at least near-complete response (CR) and 42% stringent CR. Responses were rapid and improved during treatment. In 36 patients completing 8 or more cycles, 78% reached at least near CR and 61% stringent CR. With median follow-up of 13 months (range, 4-25 months), 24-month progression-free survival estimate was 92%. CRd was well tolerated with exceptional response rates. This study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01029054.
Identifying Counterfeit Medicines with Industry-Suitable Technologies (2012)

This article investigates the latest security technologies available to branded pharmaceutical manufacturing companies to verify the authenticity of medicines. The authors argue that while serialization in pharmaceutical and medical device packaging may be appropriate to identify or recall medicines with manufacturing or distribution problems, it cannot prevent the introduction of falsified medicine into the legal supply chain. By contrast, the authors contend that, in order to increase reliability in the supply chain, digital authentication technologies that incorporate covert (invisible) security features provide a higher level of security than those with overt (visible) features; are easier and more cost-effective to deploy than those based on consumables; do not require any specific training, only a stepby-step process; and are more reliable than human sensory perception-based verifications. The article finally forecasts that while the newly adopted European directive 2011/62/EU calls on pharmaceutical companies and any actors involved in the manufacturing or distribution of medicinal products to verify the authenticity of medicines, 1 innovations in smartphone
MoSense: An RF-Based Motion Detection System via Off-the-Shelf WiFi Devices (2017)

Motion is a critical indicator of human presence and activities. Recent developments in the field of indoor motion detection have revealed their potentials in enhancing our living experiences through applications like intrusion detection and sleep monitoring. However, existing solutions still face several critical downsides such as the availability (specialized hardware), reliability (illumination and line-of-sight constraints), and privacy issues (being watched). To overcome such shortages, a radio frequency (RF) based device-free motion detection system (MoSense) is designed via leveraging the attenuation of ubiquitous WiFi signals induced by motions to deliver a reliable and transparent detection service in realtime. The design and implementation of MoSense face two challenges: 1) characterizing stationary states and 2) the noisy subcarriers. For the first challenge, a silence analysis model is proposed to characterize stationary states for distinguishing motions. For the second challenge, we design a distance-based mechanism to select certain subcarriers that better capture the impact of motions from the noisy channel through measuring the similarity between subcarriers. A prototype of MoSense is realized and evaluated in real environments. By comparing MoSense with other two state-of-the-art systems, i.e., FIMD and FRID, we have shown that MoSense is superior in terms of precision, false negative rate and computational complexity. Considering that MoSense is compatible with existing WiFi infrastructure, it constitutes a low-cost yet promising solution for motion detection.
Humoral immunity in vaginal candidiasis (1977)

Serum antibody titers to Candida albicans were estimated in 37 women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis and in 148 normal American and Finnish subjects, using the passive-hemagglutination technique. The antibody titers ranged from 0 to 16 in normal individuals and 4 to 256 in vaginal candidiasis patients. Antibodies to C. albicans in the sera of vaginal candidiasis patients were found to be the secretory immunoglobulin A type, as determined by gel filtration and double-diffusion tests. The results were confirmed by the indir-ct fluorescent-antibody technique. Our findings suggest that, in vaginal candidiasis, the antibody response is mainly local, consisting of secretory immunoglobulin A, some of which finds its way into systemic circulation.