gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability Control for a Walking-Chair Robot with Human in the Loop (2009)

In this paper, a human-machine shared stability control strategy is proposed for a walking-chair robot with human in the loop. We consider the human in the loop as the torso of the robot and human movement as disturbance control to the system stability. Then the safe input regions for joints are given based on the zero moment point(ZMP) criterion. The control inputs to the system are defined according to the safe input regions. When the system state stays in the safe region, the control input select the human input. When the system state leaves the safe region, a safe control is determined according to the safe input set and the human input, which changes with the different system states. The control input is determined to be the combination of the human input and the safe control. Smooth transition from human input to snapped safe input is achieved so as to guarantee the rubust of the stabilitiy control. Simulation is done to analyze the influence of human input on system stability. The results show that the strategy increase the system stability with human in the loop.
Conductive mesh based flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (2007)

Conductive meshes are used to replace transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), which are commonly used in electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The TCO-less flexible working electrode could be sintered under 400–500°C. A preliminary result that open-circuit voltage (VOC)=650mV, short-circuit current density (ISC)=4.5mA∕cm2, and efficiency (ηAM1.5)=1.49% (100mW∕cm2) is obtained from the liquid-type DSSC. The incident light could be dispersed uniformly inside the electrode. Testing results of the double-counterelectrode cell indicate that the transmission of electrolyte is not the rate-determining step. The dense TiO2 layer is critical in improving the cell’s performances.
Highly Strained Metallocenophanes: Synthesis and Ring-Opening of Sulfur-, Selenium- and Boron- Bridged [1]Ferrocenophanes (1997)

Abstract The limits of cyclopentadienyl ring-tilting in [l]ferrocenophanes are explored with the incorporation of group 16 elements and a first row element. In this paper the synthesis and ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) behaviour of highly strained chalcogen-and boron- bridged [l]ferrocenophanes will be described.
Light Direction from Shad(ow)ed Random Gaussian Surfaces (2004)

Three human observers estimated the illumination direction for samples of random Gaussian surfaces illuminated by a collimated beam from random directions. These stimuli appear as 'texture' due to shading and shadowing (the surface on the microscale was Lambertian of uniform albedo; thus texture appears only through shading and shadowing). We found that observers were able to estimate the azimuth of the source with remarkable accuracy. In the shading regime (no shadows) the observers committed 180 degrees azimuth errors with 50% probability, whereas in the shadow-dominated regime they were able to avoid this convex/concave confusion to a large extent. They evidently relied on second-order statistics in the shading regime and used an unidentified first-order cue in the shadow regime. The elevations of the source were also estimated with remarkable precision. We attribute this to the statistical homogeneity of the sample which can apparently be exploited by the observers. Likely cues are the fraction of shadowed surface, average intensity and rms contrast. The ability of human observers to estimate the illumination direction from surface texture no doubt contributes to the ability to estimate the light field in scenes, which is a prerequisite to the photometric parsing of scenes (shape from shading, and so forth).
Decimeter level passive tracking with wifi (2016)

Pioneer approaches for WiFi-based sensing usually employ learning-based techniques to seek appropriate statistical features, but do not support precise tracking without prior training. Thus to advance passive sensing, the ability to track fine-grained human mobility information acts as a key enabler. In this paper, we proposed Widar, a WiFi-based tracking system that simultaneously estimates human's moving velocity (both speed and direction) and locations at decimeter level. Instead of applying statistical learning techniques, Widar builds a theoretical model that geometrically quantifies the relationships between CSI dynamics and user's location and velocity. On this basis, we propose novel techniques to identify PLCR components related to human movements from noisy CSIs and then derive a user's locations in addition to velocities. We implement Widar on commercial WiFi devices and validate its performance in real environments. Our results show that Widar achieves decimeter-level accuracy, with a median location error of 24cm given initial positions and 36cm without them and a mean relative velocity error of 11%.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Method for the Synthesis of 6,12‐Dihydro‐2‐methylindolo[2,3‐b]carbazol‐6‐ones. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Postmortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Guide the Pathologic Cut (2014)

Interfacing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with pathology is critically important for understanding the pathologic basis of MRI signal changes in vivo and for clinicopathologic correlations. Postmortem MRI is an intermediate step in this process; unfortunately, however, relating the data to standard pathologic sections, which are relatively thick and often nonparallel, is both time-consuming and insufficiently accurate. The aim of this project was to develop technology to integrate postmortem, high-resolution, whole-brain MRI into the planning and execution of pathologic analysis through precise localization of the target and coordinates of cut. Compared with standard pathologic sectioning, the use of an individualized, 3-dimensionally printed cutting box-designed based on postmortem MRI of formalin-fixed whole brains-improved the speed, quality, and accuracy of radiologic-pathologic correlations and, specifically, the histopathologic localization of imaging findings. The technology described herein is easily implemented, applicable to any brain disorder, and potentially extendable to other organs. From the point of view of the pathologist, this technique can improve localization of small or subtle abnormalities, whereas from the point of view of the radiologist, it has the potential to improve understanding of MRI signal changes observed in diseases.
Cross‐regulation of competence pheromone production and export in the early control of transformation in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2000)

Two operons, comAB and comCDE, play a key role in the co-ordination of spontaneous competence development in cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae. ComAB is required for export of the comC-encoded competence-stimulating peptide (CSP). Upon CSP binding, the histidine kinase ComD activates ComE, its cognate response regulator, required for autoinduction of comCDE and for induction of the late competence genes. To understand better the early control of competence development, mutants upregulating comCDE (ComCDEUP) were isolated using a comC-lacZ transcriptional fusion. Mutants were generated by polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis of the comCDE region and by in vitro transposon mutagenesis of the chromosome. Both types of ComCDEUP mutants exhibited similar phenotypes. They differed from wild type in displaying trypsin-resistant transformation, competence under acid growth conditions and expression of comCDE under microaerobiosis; increased production of CSP in the mutants could account for the various phenotypes. The ComCDEUP transposon mutations included four independent insertions in the ciaR gene, which encodes the response regulator of a two-component system previously found to affect competence, and two immediately upstream of the comAB operon. The latter two resulted in comAB overexpression, indicating that CSP export is rate limiting. Among comDE point mutations, a single amino acid change in ComD (T233I) conferred constitutive, CSP-independent competence and resulted in comAB overexpression, providing support for the hypothesis that ComE regulates comAB; a ComE mutant (R120S) exhibited altered kinetics of competence shut-off. Collectively, these data indicate that pheromone autoinduction, cross-regulation of the comAB and comCDE operons and, possibly, competence shut-off contribute to the early control of competence development in S. pneumoniae. They argue for a metabolic control of competence, mediated directly or indirectly by CiaR, and they suggest that both comAB and comCDE are potential targets for regulation.
Size selective trapping with optical "cogwheel" tweezers (2004)

We experimentally investigate the size-selective trapping behavior of Laguerre-Gaussian beams ("doughnut-beams") and "cogwheel"-shaped beams which are collinear superpositions of two doughnut beams of equal opposite helical index. Experimentally they are created by diffraction of a Gaussian laser beam at a high resolution refractive spatial light modulator (SLM). In the focus of an optical microscope such a beam looks similar to a "cogwheel", i.e. the light intensity is periodically modulated around the circumference of a sphere with a precisely adjustable diameter. In an optical tweezers setup these modes can be used to trap particles or cells, provided their sizes exceed the ring diameter by a fixed amount. This promises a convenient method of constructing an optical tweezers system in microscopy which acts as a passive sorter for particles of differing sizes.
Anionic Synthesis of Heteroarm, Star-Branched Polymers. Scope and Limitations (1994)

Abstract The scope and limitations of the following methods for the synthesis of heteroarm star-branched polymers are presented: (a) divinylbenzene linking reactions; (b) coupling reactions with macromolecular silyl halides; and (c) 1,1-diphenylethylene-based living linking reactions. The methodology of using l, 3-bis(1-phenylethenyl)benzene to prepare A2B2 hetero 4-armed stars is reviewed, and the synthesis of well-defined (polystyrene)2(1,4-polybutadiene)2 heteroarm stars is described. The synthesis of well-defined ABC heteroarm star polymers using macromonomers functionalized with 1, 1-diphenylethylene groups is described.
Magnetic particle imaging for<i>in vivo</i>blood flow velocity measurements in mice (2018)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging technology. It is a potential candidate to be used for angiographic purposes, to study perfusion and cell migration. The aim of this work was to measure velocities of the flowing blood in the inferior vena cava of mice, using MPI, and to evaluate it in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A phantom mimicking the flow within the inferior vena cava with velocities of up to 21 cm s<sup>-1</sup> was used for the evaluation of the applied analysis techniques. Time-density and distance-density analyses for bolus tracking were performed to calculate flow velocities. These findings were compared with the calibrated velocities set by a flow pump, and it can be concluded that velocities of up to 21 cm s<sup>-1</sup> can be measured by MPI. A time-density analysis using an arrival time estimation algorithm showed the best agreement with the preset velocities. In vivo measurements were performed in healthy FVB mice (n = 10). MRI experiments were performed using phase contrast (PC) for velocity mapping. For MPI measurements, a standardized injection of a superparamagnetic iron oxide tracer was applied. In vivo MPI data were evaluated by a time-density analysis and compared to PC MRI. A Bland-Altman analysis revealed good agreement between the in vivo velocities acquired by MRI of 4.0 ± 1.5 cm s<sup>-1</sup> and those measured by MPI of 4.8 ± 1.1 cm s<sup>-1</sup>. Magnetic particle imaging is a new tool with which to measure and quantify flow velocities. It is fast, radiation-free, and produces 3D images. It therefore offers the potential for vascular imaging.
Listeria weihenstephanensis sp. nov., isolated from the water plant Lemna trisulca taken from a freshwater pond (2012)

The phylogenetic position and phenotypic characteristics of two non-spore-forming bacilli similar to members of the genus Listeria were studied. The gram-reaction-positive, slightly motile, facultatively anaerobic strains were isolated from the water plant Lemna trisulca sampled from a freshwater pond in Bavaria, Germany. Although no identification was possible employing the API Listeria test (bioMérieux), 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed a close phylogenetic similarity to Listeria rocourtiae DSM 22097(T) (99.0 % sequence similarity) and a more distant relationship to other Listeria species (96.0 % to Listeria monocytogenes DSM 20600(T) and 95.0 % similarity to Listeria grayi DSM 20601(T)). DNA-DNA hybridization analysis between the isolates and Listeria rocourtiae DSM 22097(T) yielded a similarity of 22.5 %. Analysis of partial sequences of sigB, prs, recA and HSP60 were studied and compared with those of other members of the genus Listeria and Brochothrix thermosphacta DSM 20171(T) supporting the relationships indicated by 16S rRNA gene sequences. The studied isolates were non-haemolytic and were not associated with cases of human or animal disease. While the results demonstrate that the strains belong to the genus Listeria, phenotypic and genotypic differences from Listeria rocourtiae DSM 22097(T) suggest that the strains represent a novel species for which the name Listeria weihenstephanensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is WS 4560(T) ( = DSM 24698(T) = LMG 26374(T)), with WS 4615 ( = DSM 24699 = LMG 26375) as a second strain of the species.
Predicting Postoperative Acute Respiratory Failure in critical care using nursing notes and physiological signals (2014)

Postoperative Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a serious complication in critical care affecting patient morbidity and mortality. In this paper we investigate a novel approach to predicting ARF in critically ill patients. We study the use of two disparate sources of information – semi-structured text contained in nursing notes and investigative reports that are regularly recorded and the respiration rate, a physiological signal that is continuously monitored during a patient's ICU stay. Unlike previous works that retrospectively analyze complications, we exclude discharge summaries from our analysis envisaging a real time system that predicts ARF during the ICU stay. Our experiments, on more than 800 patient records from the MIMIC II database, demonstrate that text sources within the ICU contain strong signals for distinguishing between patients who are at risk for ARF from those who are not at risk. These results suggest that large scale systems using both structured and unstructured data recorded in critical care can be effectively used to predict complications, which in turn can lead to preemptive care with potentially improved outcomes, mortality rates and decreased length of stay and cost.
Experimental study of dynamic look-ahead scheme for vehicle steering control (1999)

A popular automatic steering control approach for passenger cars is to decouple the yaw motion from lateral motion by using yaw rate feedback. It has been shown that by re-defining the control position at a frequency-dependent distance ahead of the vehicle, the yaw dynamics can also be decoupled. In this paper, open-loop experimental tests are conducted at different vehicle speeds to verify the effectiveness of this dynamic look-ahead scheme. A fully equipped Buick LeSabre sedan is utilized as a test platform in this experimental study. Both the vehicle yaw rate and lateral acceleration frequency response data are obtained in the experimental tests by applying frequency sweeping techniques at different vehicle longitudinal velocities. It is shown that a decoupled input-output vehicle dynamics can be obtained by applying the dynamic look-ahead scheme to the open-loop frequency response data.
A Novel Technique for the Internal Blade Cooling (1996)

Development of an adequate air cooling system for the thermally highly loaded leading edge and tip of the blade, that is cost effective and also relatively insensitive to manufacturing tolerances and operating environment continues to be one of the major challenges in advanced gas turbine design. Extensive studies on the convective (including impingement) and film cooling techniques produced remarkable progress in achieving a high cooling effectiveness level for turbine airfoils. However, in the case of turbine blades, application of these techniques has severe limitations. Highly effective impingement cooling needs to be combined with film discharge of the spent air to avoid a negative impact of crossflow on internal heat transfer and also provide additional thermal protection of the surface downstream of the discharge holes. Noticeable aerodynamic penalties, stress concentration and significant increase in manufacturing cost limit application of blade film cooling, particularly for moderately high operating temperatures. Search for a highly effective robust design of internal airfoil cooling which can delay the use of film cooling resulted in the creation of a new technique which is described in this paper. This technique is based on generation of a swirling flow structure in the blade internal leading edge passage. Significant heat transfer augmentation can be achieved when the cooling air is delivered into the leading edge plenum tangentially to the inner concave surface. The best results can be obtained when the swirling flow is allowed to move radially, creating a three-dimensional screw-shaped flow in the plenum. The presented results of the flow and heat transfer studies performed for the practical range of Reynolds numbers for the internal flow show that the leading edge screw-shaped cooling technique provides internal heat transfer rate comparable with impingement coupled with film discharge of the spent air, is more effective than impingement with cross flow and is almost five times higher than heat transfer in the smooth channel.
Bundling Decisions by a Multiproduct Monopolist with Incomplete Information (1983)

This paper analyzes bundling decisions of a rnultiproduct monopolist facing uncertain\ndemand. The monopolist sells his products using an auction mechanism and the market is\nanalyzed as a game with incomplete information in which the buyers as well as the seller\nare strategic agents. With a small number of buyers, a profit maximizing seller will bundle\nall his output. This makes buyers uniformly worse off compared to the case where the same\nmonopolist does not bundle, in the sense that any buyer is worse off regardless of his\ndemand for the monopolist's outputs. With a larger number of buyers, the seller will have a\ntendency to unbundle his output and "high-demand" buyers are worse off than they would\nbe if the monopolist bundled his output. "Low-demand" buyers. on the other hand. are\nalways better off when the monopolist unbundles his output, regardless of the number of\ncompeting buyers. Despite the fact that "high demand" buyers are the typical purchasers\nof the monopolist's output, the net effect of increasing the number of buyers is greater\nmarket efficiency since bundling creates market inefficiencies both ex post and ex ante.
Adaptive hybrid visual servoing/force control in unknown environment (2002)

This paper describes an adaptive hybrid visual servoing/force controller to realize visual servoing while the manipulator exerts contact force on a surface. The proposed controller has a hybrid structure of visual servoing control and force control. Because it has an online estimator for the parameters of the camera-manipulator system and the one for the parameters of the unknown constraint surface, it only needs a priori knowledge on the manipulator kinematics and nothing any more. First, we propose an estimator for an image Jacobian matrix which describes the relation between image features and the tip position/orientation of the manipulator. Second, a method to estimate the normal vector of the unknown constraint surface is introduced. Then, an adaptive hybrid visual servoing/force controller is proposed. Finally, experimental results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Development of ECU for CNG Engine of Styer Heavy-duty Truck (2007)

The hardware design and the control strategy and software development of the electronic control unit(ECU) for CNG engine of Styer heavy-duty truck are presented.The result of ECU calibration on engine and the performance parameters of the engine are given.The test results show that the designed ECU can realize engine sequential ignition,single-point continuous fuel injection and other engine control functions,achieving the target of development.
Threads and input/output in the synthesis kernal (1989)

The Synthesis operating system kernel combines several techniques to provide high performance, including kernel code synthesis, fine-grain scheduling, and optimistic synchronization. Kernel code synthesis reduces the execution path for frequently used kernel calls. Optimistic synchronization increases concurrency within the kernel. Their combination results in significant performance improvement over traditional operating system implementations. Using hardware and software emulating a SUN 3/160 running SUNOS, Synthesis achieves several times to several dozen times speedup for UNIX kernel calls and context switch times of 21 microseconds or faster.
Direct Pose Estimation and Refinement (2016)

We study a fundamental question in pose estimation from vision-only video data: should the pose of a camera be determined from fixed and known correspondences? Or should correspondences be simultaneously estimated alongside the pose? Determining pose from fixed correspondences is known as feature-based, where wellestablished tools from projective geometry are utilized to formulate and solve a plethora of pose estimation problems. Nonetheless, in degraded imaging conditions such as low light and blur, reliably detecting and precisely localizing interest points becomes challenging. Conversely, estimating correspondences alongside motion is known as the direct approach, where image data are used directly to determine geometric quantities without relying on sparse interest points as an intermediate representation. The approach is in general more precise by virtue of redundancy as many measurements are used to estimate a few degreesof- freedom. However, direct methods are more sensitive to changes in illumination. In this work, we combine the best of the feature-based approaches with the precision of direct methods. Namely, we make use of densely and sparsely evaluated local feature descriptors in a direct image alignment framework to address pose estimation in challenging conditions. Applications include tracking planar targets under sudden and drastic changes in illumination as well as visual odometry in poorly-lit subterranean mines. Motivated by the success of the proposed approach, we introduce a novel formulation for the joint refinement of pose and structure across multiple views akin to feature-based bundle adjustment (BA). In contrast to minimizing the reprojection error using BA, initial estimates are refined such that the photometric consistency of their image projections is maximized without the need for correspondences. The fundamentally different technique is evaluated on a range of datasets and is shown to improve upon the accuracy of the state-of-the-art in vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM).