gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of genes specifically expressed in flat revertant cells derived from activated ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells by treatment with azatyrosine. (1992)

We previously reported that mouse NIH 3T3 cells transformed by transfection of activated human c-Ha-ras become apparently normal upon treatment with the antibiotic azatyrosine. The revertant cells maintain their normal phenotype during prolonged culture in the absence of azatyrosine, although activated p21ras is still expressed. The normal phenotype induced by azatyrosine could be due to activation of expression of some cellular gene(s) in the cells that results in suppression of ras function. To identify the genes with increased expression in the revertant cells, we adopted differential screening of recombinants from a phage cDNA library made from mRNA of the revertant cells, hybridized with 32P-labeled cDNAs made from mRNAs of the ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells and the revertant cells. Two clones thus isolated were found to be almost identical to the ras recision gene (rrg), which was identified as a tumor-suppressor gene by Contente et al. [Contente, S., Kenyon, K., Rimoldi, D. & Friedman, R. M. (1990) Science 249, 796-798]. Other genes identified were the collagen type III and rhoB genes. Approximately half the clones were found to contain a sequence corresponding to that of the murine retrovirus-like intracisternal A particle. We speculate that azatyrosine activates several cellular genes in the ras-transformed cells and that some of these genes, including rrg, act cooperatively to counteract ras function, resulting in reversion of the ras-transformed cells to the normal phenotype.
A conserved region within interferon regulatory factor 5 controls breast cancer cell migration through a cytoplasmic and transcription-independent mechanism (2015)

These findings are significant as they identify a new regulator of epithelial cell migration and provide specific insight into the mechanism(s) by which loss of IRF5 expression in mammary epithelial cells contributes to breast cancer metastasis.
Human-compatible collagen matrix for prolonged and reversible systemic delivery of erythropoietin in mice from gene-modified marrow stromal cells (2004)

Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) can be exploited therapeutically in transgenic cell therapy approaches. Our aim was to determine if gene-modified MSCs sequestered within a clinically approved, bovine type I collagen-based viscous bulking material could serve as a retrievable implant for systemic delivery of erythropoietin (Epo). To test this hypothesis, we embedded Epo-secreting MSCs in viscous collagen (Contigen) and determined the pharmacological effect following implantation in normal mice. Primary MSCs from C57Bl/6 mice were retrovirally engineered to express murine Epo (mEpo) and 10(7) cells of a clonal population secreting 3 U of mEpo/10(6) cells/24 h were implanted subcutaneously in normal C57Bl/6 mice with and without viscous collagen. Without matrix support, Hct rose to >70% for <25 days and returned to baseline by 60 days. However, in mice implanted with viscous collagen-embedded MSCs, the Hct rose to >70% up to 203 days postimplantation (P < 0.0001). In parallel, plasma Epo concentration was significantly increased (P < 0.05) for >145 days. Moreover, surgical removal of the viscous collagen organoid 24 days after implantation led to reduction of Hct to baseline levels within 14 days. In conclusion, this investigation demonstrates that mEpo(+) MSCs embedded in a human-compatible viscous collagen matrix offers a potent, durable, and reversible approach for delivery of plasma-soluble therapeutic proteins.
Control System Commissioning for Enhanced Building Operations (2003)

This paper highlights the import role control systems play in the operation of modern buildings and describes ways to improve the final stage of commissioning. We also describe practical issues associated with modern IT-oriented control systems that can impact a commissioning exercise.
Root tip cell cycle synchronization and metaphase-chromosome isolation suitable for flow sorting in common wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) (1997)

An efficient procedure for cell-cycle synchronization in meristematic root tips was achieved in common wheat. Treatment parameters for synchronizing the cell cycle of root tip meristem cells, such as time-course and applied concentrations of various chemicals, were systematically tested and optimized by flow cytometric analysis of isolated nuclei. High mitotic indices (69.5% in the root tip meristematic area) were routinely obtained by treating germinating seeds with 1.25 mM hydroxyurea for 16 h, followed by incubation in a hydroxyurea-free solution for 2 h, and treatment with 1 μM trifluralin for 4 h. Uniform seed germination prior to treatment is very important for achieving consistently high metaphase indices in the root tips. Large numbers of metaphase chromosomes, suitable for flow cytometric analysis and sorting, were isolated from synchronized root tip cells. Flow sorted wheat chromosomes, via univariate and bivariate analysis, showed four major chromosome peaks. Each discrete peak may represent wheat chromosome types with similar DNA content. Bivariate flow karyotyping based on AT and GC content did not improve the separation of wheat chromosomes.
Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors as a new strategy against levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease? (2014)

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) represent one major motor disability of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. Thus, research effort is still devoted to finding agents that may improve parkinsonism and concomitantly reduce or avoid dyskinesia. Rodent and nonhuman primate models provide useful tools to study the molecular and neuronal bases of LIDs. Among the various strategies investigated recently, the use of drugs targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors has received large attention. In particular, use of antagonists of the subtype 5 of metabotropic glutamate receptors revealed promising preclinical and clinical results.
Tipifarnib sensitizes cells to proteasome inhibition by blocking degradation of bortezomib-induced aggresomes (2010)

In this report, we investigated the mechanism responsible for synergistic induction of myeloma cell apoptosis induced by the combination of tipifarnib and bortezomib. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that bortezomib alone resulted in an accumulation of puncta of ubiquitinated proteins that was further enhanced by the addition of tipifarnib. These data suggest inhibition of the degradation of bortezomib-induced aggresomes; and consistent with this possibility, we also observed an increase in p62SQSTM1 in cells treated with the combination. However, autophagy in these cells appears to be normal as LC3BII is present, and autophagic flux appears to be unaffected as demonstrated by the addition of bafilomycin A₁. Together, these data demonstrate that tipifarnib synergizes with bortezomib by inducing protein accumulation as a result of the uncoupling of the aggresome and autophagy pathways.
Laboratory studies of treeing in solid dielectrics and voltage stabilization of polyethylene (1976)

This paper describes test methods used to study the phenomenon of electrical treeing in solid dielectrics. Measurements of double needle characteristic voltage and voltage life for a variety of useful dielectric materials are presented. The effects of additives upon treeing in polyethylene are discussed, and evidence is presented which indicates that the ionization potentials of aromatic hydrocarbons determine their behavior as voltage stabilizers.
Microfluidics-Nano-Integration for Synthesis and Sensing (2012)

The recent progress and achievements in the development of preparation of nano and microparticles in a microfluidic environment is reviewed. Microfluidics exploit fluid mechanics to create particles with a narrow range of sizes and offers a finely controllable route to tune the shape and composition of nanomaterials. The advantages of both continuous flow- and droplet-based synthesis of polymers and nanoparticles, in comparison with the traditional stirred flasks methods are discussed in detail by using numerous recent examples from the literature as well as from the authors’ work. The controllability of the size distribution of the particles is discussed in terms of the fabrication approach and the characteristics of the microfluidic reactors. A special attention is paid to metal-polymer nanocomposites prepared through microfluidic routes and their application in bio-sensing. Directions for future development of microfluidic synthesis of high quality nanoparticles are discussed.
A Fluxgate Magnetic Sensor: From PCB to Micro-Integrated Technology (2007)

In this paper, a double-axis micro Fluxgate magnetic sensor is presented. The device represents an evolution of a PCB dual axis sensor previously realized. In the PCB version the experimental results exhibit excellent agreement with the simulations performed using a tool based on the finite element method. Using the same design approach a version of double-axis Fluxgate structure is here proposed to be realized in IC technology. The accurate study of the magnetic field distribution allows a 75% area saving for the IC version with respect to a direct scaling of the PCB version. Imposing an external magnetic field of about 60 muT, the simulated differential output voltage of the micro-integrated Fluxgate sensor achieves a peak value of 1 mV with 5 mA sinusoidal excitation current peak at 100 kHz. The integrated microstructure shows a linearity error of about 1.15% of the full scale, in the range of plusmn50 muT, with a sensitivity of about 0.45 mV/muT
Delaying Acute Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease in Mouse Bone Marrow Transplantation by Treating Donor Cells with Antibodies Directed at <scp>l</scp>‐Selectin and α4‐Integrin Prior to Infusion (2004)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still a major hurdle for successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Although many immunosuppressive drugs are available, none of them alone or in combination are able to completely abolish acute GVHD. The lifelong immunosuppression profoundly reduces the quality of life of BMT recipients. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed. We previously reported that, in an acute GVHD model using SCID mice as recipient, incubating donor spleen cells with antibodies directed at CD49d and CD62L could significantly delay the occurrence of acute GVHD. To test the potential usefulness of this treatment in BMT, we examined this therapeutic protocol in a mouse BMT model. The present mouse BMT study confirmed our previous results that incubation of donor cells with antibodies directed at CD49d and CD62L prior to infusion into the recipient can effectively delay acute GVHD, allowing the recipients to recover from the side effects of total body irradiation. This one-time treatment is easy and simple and may be modified for clinical usage.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with sudden cardiac death, combined cardiovascular events, and mortality in haemodialysis patients (2010)

Severe vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with SCD, CVE, and mortality, and there were borderline associations with stroke and fatal infection. Whether vitamin D supplementation decreases adverse outcomes requires further evaluation.
Requirements for Cleavage by a Modified RNase P of a Small Model Substrate (1996)

M1 RNA, the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P from Escherichia coli, has been covalently linked at its 3' terminus to oligonucleotides (guide sequences) that guide the enzyme to target RNAs through hybridization with the target sequences. These constructs (M1GS RNAs) have been used to determine some minimal features of model substrates. As few as 3 bp on the 3' side of the site of cleavage in a substrate complex and 1 nt on the 5' side are required for cleavage to occur. The cytosines in the 3' terminal CCA sequence of the model substrates are important for cleavage efficiency but not cleavage site selection. A purine (base-paired or not) at the 3' side of the cleavage site is important both for cleavage site selection and efficiency. M1GS RNAs provide both a simple system for characterization of the reaction governed by M1 RNA and a tool for gene therapy.
Human Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase (1971)

Abstract Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PP-ribose-P) synthetase was found to be distributed in all human tissues assayed and has been purified 5100-fold from human erythrocytes. It has an absolute requirement for inorganic phosphate. Magnesium was the most effective divalent cation at both high and low concentrations. No requirement for potassium was found. The pH optimum was 7.2 to 7.4. The isoelectric point was 4.7 ± 0.2. With the usual substrates, ATP and ribose-5-P, the reaction produces equimolar amounts of PP-ribose-P and AMP. Of a number of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides tested as possible substrates, the purified enzyme was active only with ATP and dATP. Ribulose-5-P was 34% as effective a substrate as ribose-5-P, while the enzyme had virtually no activity with other phosphorylated sugars. The Km values for ATP and ribose-5-P were 14 µm and 33 µm, respectively. Crude preparations of the enzyme were stabilized by dithiothreitol while the 5100-fold purified enzyme was inactivated by this compound. The enzyme was stabilized at -70°, 4°, and 60° by saturating concentrations of ATP and magnesium. Phosphate was absolutely required to maintain activity. The reversible association and dissociation of PP-ribose-P synthetase is described. The smallest native form of the enzyme has a molecular weight of 60,000 as estimated from Stokes radius and sedimentation velocity. In the presence of saturating concentrations of ATP and magnesium chloride, the enzyme consistently associates into two heavy forms estimated to have molecular weights of about 1,200,000 and 720,000. Intermediate molecular forms were observed in the presence of ATP or magnesium chloride alone. Polyacrylamide electrophoresis of the enzyme in sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a single band with a molecular weight of 34,500. It is probable that the aggregated form is the active enzyme and that the enzyme is normally aggregated in the cell. Correlation of this reversible association and dissociation with cooperativity have not yet been documented.
Heteroduplex formation: A potential source of genotyping error from PCR products (1993)

The formation of heteroduplexes from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products has recently become a diagnostic tool that is routinely used for the prenatal detection of small deletions or insertions in a number of disease-causing alleles. We present evidence illustrating that heterozygous PCR products can manifest 'invisible' heteroduplexes that can ultimately lead to genotyping errors. Justifications for these 'invisible' heteroduplexes and requisite parameters to optimize their detection are presented.
On Orchestrating Virtual Network Functions in NFV (2015)

Middleboxes or network appliances like firewalls, proxies and WAN optimizers have become an integral part of today's ISP and enterprise networks. Middlebox functionalities are usually deployed on expensive and proprietary hardware that require trained personnel for deployment and maintenance. Middleboxes contribute significantly to a network's capital and operational costs. In addition, organizations often require their traffic to pass through a specific sequence of middleboxes for compliance with security and performance policies. This makes the middlebox deployment and maintenance tasks even more complicated. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging and promising technology that is envisioned to overcome these challenges. It proposes to move packet processing from dedicated hardware middleboxes to software running on commodity servers. In NFV terminology, software middleboxes are referred to as Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs). It is a challenging problem to determine the required number and placement of VNFs that optimizes network operational costs and utilization, without violating service level agreements. We call this the VNF Orchestration Problem (VNF-OP) and provide an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation with implementation in CPLEX. We also provide a dynamic programming based heuristic to solve larger instances of VNF-OP. Trace driven simulations on real-world network topologies demonstrate that the heuristic can provide solutions that are within 1.3 times of the optimal solution. Our experiments suggest that a VNF based approach can provide more than 4x reduction in the operational cost of a network.
<title>General multimodal elastic registration based on mutual information</title> (1998)

Recent studies indicate that maximizing the mutual information of the joint histogram of two images is an accurate and robust way to rigidly register two mono- or multimodal images. Using mutual information for registration directly in a local manner is often not admissible owing to the weakened statistical power of the local histogram compared to a global one. We propose to use a global joint histogram based on optimized mutual information combined with a local registration measure to enable local elastic registration.
Mixed modes dielectric resonator loaded cavity filters (2002)

A novel configuration of dielectric loaded cavity filters is presented. The new filter combines the superior spurious free performance of TE/sub 01/ mode ring dielectric resonators with the advantage of HE/sub 11/ dual-mode dielectric loading. Resonant frequency and field distributions of each cavity is computed by rigorous mode-matching technique. The fields are used to compute the coupling between cavities by small aperture approximation based on formulae modified by Levy. An L-band 6-pole quasi-elliptic function filter is designed, constructed and tested. The experimental results verify the advantage of this new type of filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lumbar Fusion Outcomes in Washington State Workers’ Compensation (2006)

Use of intervertebral fusion devices rose rapidly after their introduction in 1996. This increased use was associated with an increased complication risk without improving disability or reoperation rates.
HAYNES® 282™ Alloy: A New Wrought Superalloy Designed for Improved Creep Strength and Fabricability (2006)

A new wrought, gamma-prime strengthened superalloy, HAYNES 282 alloy, has been developed for high temperature structural applications, especially those in aero and land-based gas turbine engines. The new alloy possesses a unique combination of creep strength, thermal stability, and fabricability not found in currently available commercial alloys. The new alloy has excellent creep strength in the temperature range of 1200 to 1650°F (650 to 900°C), surpassing that of Waspaloy alloy and approaching that of R-41 alloy. This level of creep strength is realized despite the alloy having a significantly lower volume fraction of the strengthening gamma-prime phase. The lower gamma-prime content of the new alloy provides a considerable improvement in terms of fabricability and resistance to strain-age cracking, a problem often associated with this class of alloys. In this paper, the major characteristics and attributes of the new alloy including mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, thermal stability, and weldability are presented.
Two‐Step Simultaneous Distillation and Slolvent Extraction for Isolation Both Free and Bound Aroma Intobacco (2006)

In this investigation, a novel two-step simultaneous distillation and solvent extraction (two-step SDE) method was developed to isolate both free and bound aroma in tobacco. Firstly, free aroma were extracted into dichloromethane by SDE for 4 h with SDE sample solution at pH 5.5. Then the SDE sample solution was adjusted to pH 2.5, bound aroma were hydrolyzed, and released as free aroma extracted by fresh dichloromethane. Following, both the free and bound aroma were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The whole isolation procedure of both free and bound aroma was carried out in one SDE apparatus and using one same sample. Especially, the procedure of isolation of bound aroma was greatly simplified. To apply and validate the proposed two-step SDE method, a traditional method were also used to isolate the bound aroma. The total bound aroma obtained by the proposed two-step SDE method and the traditional method were 119.83 mg kg(-1) and 88.9 mg kg(-1), respectively. For isolation of bound aroma, the proposed two-step SDE method was of better extraction recovery, less labourious, solvent and time consuming than the traditional method.
Successful In Vitro Expansion and Differentiation of Cord Blood Derived CD34+ Cells into Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells Reveals Highly Differential Gene Expression (2011)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can be purified from peripheral blood, bone marrow or cord blood and are typically defined by a limited number of cell surface markers and a few functional tests. A detailed in vitro characterization is often restricted by the low cell numbers of circulating EPCs. Therefore in vitro culturing and expansion methods are applied, which allow at least distinguishing two different types of EPCs, early and late EPCs. Herein, we describe an in vitro culture technique with the aim to generate high numbers of phenotypically, functionally and genetically defined early EPCs from human cord blood. Characterization of EPCs was done by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, colony forming unit (CFU) assay and endothelial tube formation assay. There was an average 48-fold increase in EPC numbers. EPCs expressed VEGFR-2, CD144, CD18, and CD61, and were positive for acetylated LDL uptake and ulex lectin binding. The cells stimulated endothelial tube formation only in co-cultures with mature endothelial cells and formed CFUs. Microarray analysis revealed highly up-regulated genes, including LL-37 (CAMP), PDK4, and alpha-2-macroglobulin. In addition, genes known to be associated with cardioprotective (GDF15) or pro-angiogenic (galectin-3) properties were also significantly up-regulated after a 72 h differentiation period on fibronectin. We present a novel method that allows to generate high numbers of phenotypically, functionally and genetically characterized early EPCs. Furthermore, we identified several genes newly linked to EPC differentiation, among them LL-37 (CAMP) was the most up-regulated gene.
The Edg Family G Protein-Coupled Receptors for Lysophospholipids: Their Signaling Properties and Biological Activities (2002)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are blood-borne lysophospholipids with a wide spectrum of biological activities, which include stimulation of cell growth, prevention of apoptosis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and modulation of cell shape, cell migration, and invasion. Activated platelets appear to be a major source of both S1P and LPA in blood. Despite the diversity of their biosynthetic origins, they are considered to share substantial structural similarity. Indeed, recent investigation has revealed that S1P and LPA act via a single family of G protein-coupled receptors designated as Edg. Thus, the Edg isoforms, Edg1 (also called S1P(1)), Edg5 (S1P(2)), Edg3 (S1P(3)), Edg6 (S1P(4)), and Edg8 (S1P(5)), are specific receptors for S1P (and SPC with a lower affinity), whereas Edg2 (LPA(1)), Edg4 (LPA(2)), and Edg7 (LPA(3)) serve as receptors specific for LPA. Each receptor isoform displays a unique tissue expression pattern and coupling to a distinct set of heterotrimeric G proteins, leading to the activation of an isoform-specific panel of multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies on knockout mice have unveiled non-redundant Edg receptor functions that are essential for normal development and vascular maturation. In addition, the Edg lysophospholipid signaling system may play a role in modulating cell motility under such pathological conditions as inflammation, tumor cell dissemination and vascular remodeling.