gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUPERCHARGERS and their Comparative Performance (1952)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">THE author discusses the following phases of superchargers for reciprocating internal-combustion engines: <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">1.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Adaptation of the supercharger to engine requirements.</div></li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">2.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Details of the more important superchargers, such as the rotary, radial (centrifugal) and axial superchargers, and exhaust gas turbosuperchargers.</div></li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">3.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Effects of superchargers on engine performance.</div></li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">4.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Details on a few typical examples of supercharged industrial engines, such as the Caterpillar diesels for heavy earthmoving equipment and the Daimler-Benz 800-hp engine for fast trains; and superchargers, such as the Brown-Boveri and the M.A.N. products.</div></li></ol></div></div>
A multilateral multi-issue negotiation protocol (2007)

In this paper, we present a new protocol to address multilateral multi-issue negotiation in a cooperative context. We consider complex dependencies between multiple issues by modelling the preferences of the agents with a multi-criteria decision aid tool, also enabling us to extract relevant information on a proposal assessment. This information is used in the protocol to help in accelerating the search for a consensus between the cooperative agents. In addition, the negotiation procedure is defined in a crisis management context where the common objective of our agents is also considered in the preferences of a mediator agent.
Visualization for climate modeling (1993)

Techniques for visualizing several climate variables, particularly clouds and wind velocities, are discussed. The techniques are volume rendering, textured contour surfaces, and vector field rendering. The application of these techniques is discussed in the context of a high-definition television (HDTV) animation produced to show global cloud motion during ten simulated days in January. The computational grid is defined by nearly a million grid points-320 evenly spaced longitudes, 160 unevenly spaced latitudes, and 19 unevenly spaced surfaces of constant geopotential. The climate variables at every grid point were output at every hour of simulated time, resulting in 380 MB of data per simulated day.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Vision System for Precision MAV Targeted Landing (2007)

A field programmable gate array (FPGA) system implementation capable of being mounted onboard a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) (less than 5 pounds) that can perform the processing tasks necessary to identify and track a marked target landing site in real-time is presented. This implementation was designed to be an image processing subsystem that is mounted on a MAV to assist an autopilot system with vision-related tasks. This paper describes the FPGA vision system architecture and algorithms implemented to segment and locate a colored cloth target that specifies the exact landing location. Once the target landing site is identified, the exact location of the landing site is transmitted to the autopilot, which then implements the trajectory adjustments required to autonomously land the MAV on the target. Results of two flight test situations are presented. In the first situation, the MAV lands on a static target. The second situation includes a moving target, which in our tests was the back of a moving vehicle. This FPGA system is an application-specific configuration of the helios robotic vision platform developed at Brigham Young University.
ADVANCED ORGANIC SUBSTRATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE, HIGH RELIABILITY ELECTRONICS MINIATURIZATION (2014)

High reliability applications for high performance computing, military, medical and industrial applications are driving electronics packaging advancements toward increased functionality with decreasing degrees of size, weight and power (SWaP) The substrate technology selected for the electronics package is a key enabling technology towards achieving SWaP. Standard printed circuit boards (PWBs) utilize dielectric materials containing glass cloth, which can limit circuit density and performance, as well as inhibit the ability to achieve reliable assemblies with bare semiconductor die components. Ceramic substrates often used in lieu of PWBs for chip packaging have disadvantages of weight, marginal electrical performance and reliability as compared to organic technologies. Alternative materials including thin, particle-containing organic substrates, liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and microflex enable SWaP, while overcoming the limitations of PWBs and ceramic. This paper will discuss the use of these alternative organic substrate materials to achieve extreme electronics miniaturization with outstanding electrical performance and high reliability. The effect of substrate type on chip-package interaction and resulting reliability will be discussed in detail, and compared to standard PWB and ceramic. Microflex assemblies to achieve extreme miniaturization and atypical form factors driven by implantable and in vivo medical applications are also shown.
Improving the convergence of iterative filtered backprojection algorithms (1994)

Several authors have proposed variations of the iterative filtered backprojection (IFBP) reconstruction algorithms claiming fast initial convergence rates. We have found that these algorithms are trying to minimize an unusual squared-error criterion in a suboptimal way. As a result, existing IFBP algorithms are inefficient in the minimization of the criterion, and may become unstable at higher iteration numbers. We show that existing IFBP algorithms can be modified to use the steepest descent technique by simply optimizing the step size at each iteration. Further gains in convergence rates can be achieved with conjugate gradient IFBP algorithms derived from the same criterion. The steepest descent and conjugate gradient IFBP algorithms are guaranteed to converge, unlike some IFBP algorithms, and will do so in fewer iterations than existing IFBP algorithms.
Serum Osteocalcin and CTX‐MMP Concentration in Young Exercising Thoroughbred Racehorses (2005)

Bone responds to exercise with changes in bone (re-)modelling, which might be monitored non-invasively with biochemical bone markers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exercise on serum osteocalcin and serum carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen generated by matrix metalloproteinases (CTX-MMP) concentration in young racehorses. Seventy-one 2 to 4-year-old Thoroughbreds were included in this prospective infield study. Blood sampling was performed six times (i.e. six sampling cycles) during a 9-month period. Serum samples were analysed with commercial osteocalcin and CTX-MMP radioimmunoassays. Two-year-old racehorses had higher serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP values than 3-year-old horses. Gender and training amplitude did not significantly influence serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP values. Two-year-old horses showed an increase in osteocalcin values between cycles 2 and 3 and an increase in serum CTX-MMP values between cycles 1 and 2. Serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP concentrations decreased between cycles 4 and 5, and 5 and 6. Three-year-old horses showed an increase in serum osteocalcin levels between cycles 3 and 4 and an increase in serum CTX-MMP concentrations between cycles 1 and 2, and 3 and 4. Serum osteocalcin levels decreased between cycles 5 and 6, whereas serum CTX-MMP levels decreased between cycles 4 and 5, and 5 and 6. Two- and three-year-old horses showed a decreased osteocalcin/CTX-MMP ratio between cycles 1 and 2. Moreover, 2-year-old horses showed an increase in the osteocalcin/CTX-MMP ratio between cycles 2 and 3. Sore shin formation did not significantly influence serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP values. Serum osteocalcin and CTX-MMP are promising bone markers for monitoring exercise induced changes in equine bone metabolism.
Phospholipid synthesis based on new sequential phosphate and carboxylate ester bond formation steps (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhospholipid synthesis based on new sequential phosphate and carboxylate ester bond formation stepsC. Jeffrey Lacey and Leslie M. LoewCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 26, 5214–5221Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00174a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00174a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Profile engineering for sub-micron CMOS using high energy ion implantation (2003)

An improved implantation scheme has been developed for a submicron retrograde twin-well CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) process. A blanket p-well implantation is used to avoid one photoresist step. The use of a phosphorus compensating implantation for PMOS (p-channel MOS) transistor threshold voltage control avoids another resist step and photoresist processing on gate oxide. The latter results in an improved gate oxide integrity. The new implantation scheme has been successfully employed in the fabrication of a 1-Mb SRAM (static random-access memory) on 150-mm wafers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy is associated with physical and cognitive disability in multiple sclerosis (2008)

In summary, both OCT and HRT are able to detect thinning of the RNFL, but OCT seems to be the most sensitive technique to identify changes associated with MS evolution.
Optimal Multiple Assignments Based on Integer Programming in Secret Sharing Schemes with General Access Structures (2007)

It is known that for any general access structure, a secret sharing scheme (SSS) can be constructed from an (m, m)-threshold scheme by using the so-called cumulative map or from a (t, m)-threshold SSS by a modified cumulative map. However, such constructed SSSs are not efficient generally. In this paper, a new method is proposed to construct a SSS from a (t, m)-threshold scheme for any given general access structure. In the proposed method, integer programming is used to derive the optimal (t, m)-threshold scheme and the optimal distribution of the shares to minimize the average or maximum size of the distributed shares to participants. From the optimality, it can always attain lower coding rate than the cumulative maps because the cumulative maps cannot attain the optimal distribution in many cases. The same method is also applied to construct SSSs for incomplete access structures and/or ramp access structures.
Moderate- vs high-dose methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized trial. (1999)

Both moderate- and high-dose methadone treatment resulted in decreased illicit opioid use during methadone maintenance and detoxification. The high-dose group had significantly greater decreases in illicit opioid use.
Sequencing of Sulfated Oligosaccharides from Mucins by Liquid Chromatography and Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2000)

As part of a strategy for profiling diverse mixtures of sulfated mucin-derived oligosaccharides, liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in the negative ion mode has been explored. Two mixtures of sulfated oligosaccharide alditols from porcine stomach and large intestine were analyzed by straight phase chromatography using an amino-bonded column connected to a Q-TOF instrument. Nine sulfated mucin-derived oligosaccharide alditols from porcine stomach underwent extensive fragmentation allowing determination of their sequence. The fragmentation generated primary, secondary, and tertiary fragment ions informative for the elucidation of the saccharide sequence and localization of the sulfate group. From a single chromatographic analysis, the sequences of 28 different sulfated mucin oligosaccharide alditols purified from porcine large intestine were elucidated, revealing information concerning prominent core sequences and terminal blood group-type epitopes. Analysis of these two sulfated oligosaccharide mixtures demonstrated the usefulness of HPLC-ESI-MS/MS: the on-line separation of multiple isomeric suffated oligosaccharides as present in biological samples, informative fragmentation allowing the identification of the sequence of nonderivatized oligosaccharides, and a sensitivity sufficient for the analysis of quantities as obtained from natural sources.
Outcomes Assessment in Higher Education: Challenges and Future Research in the Context of Voluntary System of Accountability (2011)

Higher education institutions are becoming increasingly accountable to stakeholders at many levels as the federal government, accrediting organizations, and the public place a stronger emphasis on student learning outcomes. Evidence of student learning that is comparable across institutions is of urgent demand. Various accountability initiatives such as the Voluntary System of Accountability (VSA) mark a milestone in the evaluation of instructional effectiveness of higher education using standardized outcomes assessment. Although the current accountability initiatives hold great potential in evaluating institutional effectiveness, some design and methodological issues need to be addressed before outcomes assessment can be best utilized. In this paper, I (a) review the need for outcomes assessment in higher education, (b) discuss the VSA initiative, (c) summarize the most prominent challenges facing outcomes assessment for accountability purposes, and (d) discuss future directions of research in advancing accountability assessment in higher education.
Urination during the First Three Years of Life (1981)

Urination was studied in 15 normal infants and young children on 150 occasions in the course of metabolic balance studies. With increasing age, mean urine volume increased if expressed as ml/day and decreased if expressed as ml/kg/day. Urine volume was correlated with volume of intake (r = 0.697) and accounted for a similar percentage of volume of intake irrespective of age. The mean number of voidings decreased from 20.1 per day during the first month of life to 10.8 per day in the third year of life. Absolute voiding size increased with age but did not change per unit of body weight. This study establishes urine volume, voiding frequency and voiding size of normal children during the first 3 years of life.
Effects of heparin and lisofylline on pulmonary function after smoke inhalation injury in an ovine model* (2002)

Treatment with heparin alone did not attenuate pulmonary dysfunction after severe smoke injury. Combined treatment with nebulized heparin and systemic lisofylline had beneficial effects on pulmonary function in association with a decrease in blood flow to poorly ventilated areas and less lipid peroxidation.
Antenna selection based spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks (2011)

In a cognitive radio system, the accuracy of spectrum sensing is critical for both primary and secondary systems. Both cooperative sensing and single-user multiple-antenna techniques have been proposed in the literature to enhance the accuracy of spectrum sensing. However, these techniques may require additional signaling and hardware costs, and can lead to user reliability problems or energy consumption issues. To avoid these problems, we propose a scheme that requires no extra signaling and low hardware costs, while still offering substantial diversity gains for enhancing the sensing performance. This is achieved by combining antenna selection with the spectrum sensing mechanism. We analyze the diversity order of the proposed scheme and show that no loss occurs relative to the case of single-user multiple-antenna sensing. This benefit is achieved while keeping a low implementation complexity as only a subset of RF chains are used in a given time period. Simulations show that a substantial sensing gain can be obtained compared to using other traditional multiple-antenna techniques in some practical cases.
Optical nanorod antennas as dispersive one-dimensional Fabry–Pérot resonators for surface plasmons (2009)

Resonant optical nanoantennas exhibit a different length scaling due to the surface plasmons compared to their radio frequency counterparts. In this letter, we address this difference by calculating the wavelength-dependent effective mode index neff for a cylindrical one-dimensional gold nanowire waveguide. Our results show that nanorod optical antennas act as dispersive and lossy Fabry–Pérot resonators for surface plasmons.
A vision-based robotic grasping system using deep learning for 3D object recognition and pose estimation (2013)

Pose estimation of object is one of the key problems for the automatic-grasping task of robotics. In this paper, we present a new vision-based robotic grasping system, which can not only recognize different objects but also estimate their poses by using a deep learning model, finally grasp them and move to a predefined destination. The deep learning model demonstrates strong power in learning hierarchical features which greatly facilitates the recognition mission. We apply the Max-pooling Convolutional Neural Network (MPCNN), one of the most popular deep learning models, in this system, and assign different poses of objects as different classes in MPCNN. Besides, a new object detection method is also presented to overcome the disadvantage of the deep learning model. We have built a database comprised of 5 objects with different poses and illuminations for experimental performance evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that our system can achieve high accuracy on object recognition as well as pose estimation. And the vision-based robotic system can grasp objects successfully regardless of different poses and illuminations.
Aqueous Two-Phase (PEG4000/Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) Extraction and Characterization of an Acid Invertase from Potato Tuber (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) (2014)

Invertases are key metabolic enzymes that catalyze irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose into fructose and glucose. Plant invertases have essential roles in carbohydrate metabolism, plant development, and stress responses. To study their isolation and purification from potato, an attractive system useful for the separation of biological molecules, an aqueous two-phase system, was used. The influence of various system parameters such as type of phase-forming salts, polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular mass, salt, and polymer concentration was investigated to obtain the highest recovery of enzyme. The PEG4000 (12.5%, w/w)/Na2SO4(15%, w/w) system was found to be ideal for partitioning invertase into the bottom salt-rich phase. The addition of 3% MnSO4 (w/w) at pH 5.0 increased the purity by 5.11-fold with the recovered activity of 197%. The Km and Vmax on sucrose were 3.95 mM and 0.143 U mL(-1) min(-1), respectively. Our data confirmed that the PEG4000/Na2SO4 aqueous two-phase system combined with the presence of MnSO4 offers a low-cost purification of invertase from readily available potato tuber in a single step. The biochemical characteristics of temperature and pH stability for potato invertase prepared from an ATPS make the enzyme a good candidate for its potential use in many research and industrial applications.
Cost of managing chronic wounds in the UK, with particular emphasis on maggot debridement therapy (2006)

The importance of debridement in wound healing is well established. This review calculates the cost savings that might be achieved when using maggot debridement therapy on chronic wounds instead of autolytic debridement.
The Astonishing Diversity of Ig Classes and B Cell Repertoires in Teleost Fish (2013)

With lymphoid tissue anatomy different than mammals, and diverse adaptations to all aquatic environments, fish constitute a fascinating group of vertebrate to study the biology of B cell repertoires in a comparative perspective. Fish B lymphocytes express immunoglobulin (Ig) on their surface and secrete antigen-specific antibodies in response to immune challenges. Three antibody classes have been identified in fish, namely IgM, IgD, and IgT, while IgG, IgA, and IgE are absent. IgM and IgD have been found in all fish species analyzed, and thus seem to be primordial antibody classes. IgM and IgD are normally co-expressed from the same mRNA through alternative splicing, as in mammals. Tetrameric IgM is the main antibody class found in serum. Some species of fish also have IgT, which seems to exist only in fish and is specialized in mucosal immunity. IgM/IgD and IgT are expressed by two different sub-populations of B cells. The tools available to investigate B cell responses at the cellular level in fish are limited, but the progress of fish genomics has started to unravel a rich diversity of IgH and immunoglobulin light chain locus organization, which might be related to the succession of genome remodelings that occurred during fish evolution. Moreover, the development of deep sequencing techniques has allowed the investigation of the global features of the expressed fish B cell repertoires in zebrafish and rainbow trout, in steady state or after infection. This review provides a description of the organization of fish Ig loci, with a particular emphasis on their heterogeneity between species, and presents recent data on the structure of the expressed Ig repertoire in healthy and infected fish.
A terabit multiservice switch (2001)

This article describes a terabit multiservice switch architecture. Because of its multiterabit switching speed, quality of service (QoS) support capability, multiprotocol capability including TDM, and scalability, the Cyclone switch architecture is directly applicable in the following areas and many more: multiterabit switching at the Internet core, terabit routers and carrier-class ATM or MPLS switches; aggregation for all optical networks; unified packet/circuit switching platform; and high-end enterprise applications. The Cyclone switch architecture enables a scalable switching platform from multiple Gbits to multiple Tbits per second in five custom 0.18-micron CMOS ICs. A wire-speed scheduling capability supports eight quality of service classes and a million flows.