gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modular StarPEG‐Heparin Gels with Bifunctional Peptide Linkers (2010)

Cell responsive materials are instrumental to regenerative therapies. Here, we report about a novel biohybrid hydrogel that consists of heparin and peptide-conjugated star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol), crosslinked by peptide units that combine matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) sensitivity and cell adhesive modules. Taking advantage of the high affinity of vascular endothelial growth factor to heparin, we illustrate the applicability of our hydrogels as a novel system that is supportive of cellular remodeling and three-dimensional migration of human endothelial cells.
Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Ion-to-Electron Transducers in Potentiometric Sensors (2018)

This paper describes an unexplored property of conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as ion-to-electron transducers in the context of potentiometric detection. Several conductive two-dimensional MOF analogues were drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode and then covered with an ion-selective membrane to form a potentiometric sensor. The resulting devices exhibited excellent sensing properties toward anions and cations, characterized by a near-Nernstian response and over 4 orders of magnitude linear range. Impedance and chronopotentiometric measurements revealed the presence of large bulk capacitance (204 ± 2 μF) and good potential stability (drift of 11.1 ± 0.5 μA/h). Potentiometric water test and contact angle measurements showed that this class of materials exhibited hydrophobicity and inhibited the formation of water layer at the electrode/membrane interface, resulting in a highly stable sensing response with a potential drift as low as 11.1 μA/h. The property of ion-to-electron transduction of conductive MOFs may form the basis for the development of this class of materials as promising components within ion-selective electrodes.
Télévision et démocratie : à propos du statut de la mise en scène (1989)

TELEVISION Y DEMOCRACIA : A PROPOSITO DEL ESTATUTO DE LA PUESTA DE ESCENA La democracia se ha convertido en el sistema menos malo que conozcamos destinado a administrar los conflictos entre imaginarios. La mediatización de las sociedades industriales vuelve cada vez más visibles las estrategias enunciativas. Sin embargo, esta visibilidad de las puestas en escena es dificilmente aceptable : periodistas y hombres políticos continuan hablando a partir del principio de la sinceridad y en nombre de la verdad, es decir, en el « primer grado » de la creencia. Es en torno a la paradoja de la « función presidencial », que el « segundo grado » de la discursividad muestra hoy dia su figura más clara.
Electrical Instability Induced by Electron Trapping in Low‐Bandgap Donor–Acceptor Polymer Field‐Effect Transistors (2015)

The mechanism of electrical instability and the double slope of p-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) fabricated from low-bandgap donor-acceptor copolymers are resolved. Those polymers enable electron conduction in the device, which leads to electron trapping and consequent formation of -SiO(-). This causes a turn-on voltage shift, hole-mobility increase, and double-slope occurrence. These findings tremendously impact the molecular design and device engineering of OFETs.
Distribution of Dissolved Hydrocarbons in Subsurface Waters: Topical Papers (1958)

An extensive investigation involving some hundreds of drill-stem tests of water-bearing formations in the Gulf coastal area of the United States has been in progress for over ten years for the purpose of determining the amount and kind of hydrocarbons dissolved in the interstitial water of subsurface formations in petroliferous regions. A primary objective of this study has been to determine the nature of, and degree of, the possible effects of a local accumulation of oil or gas on the amount of total hydrocarbons or of particular constituents dissolved in the nearby water in the same formation or in overlying formations. A secondary objective has been to assemble basin information that might shed light on fundamental questions related to the processes of accumulation of il and gas. In order to obtain samples suitably representative of the formation water and to prevent the possible loss of dissolved gaseous hydrocarbons, special techniques have been used to sample the water under essentially formation pressure and to retain the dissolved hydrocarbons with the water in sealed sampling containers. This paper describes the techniques employed and presents data typical of the results obtained. Appreciable concentrations of dissolved hydrocarbons have been found in the water of most of the sampled formations throughout extensive regions. In some formations the water has been found to be substantially saturated with dissolved gas at the formation pressure; in others, the amount is less than would correspond to saturation at the formation pressure and temperature. The dissolved hydrocarbons have been found to consist primarily of methane, with ethane and propane present in much smaller concentration, and heavier hydrocarbons in only minute quantities. In general, the concentration of dissolved hydrocarbons in a particular formation increases with depth and increases basinward up to a certain degree, but both regional and local variations from average trend have been found. Local enrichment in dissolved hydrocarbons has been observed in close proximity to some, but not all, oil fields when water from the producing horizon was sampled at locations beyond the edge of the oil accumulation. Of possible fundamental significance is the large total quantity of hydrocarbon gas, particularly methane, indicated by this work to be dissolved in the waters of the porous formations underlying many thousands of square miles in the region sampled. Concentrations ranging upward to 14 standard cubic feet of dissolved gas per barrel of water have been found.
Bistro data feed management system (2011)

Data feed management is a critical component of many data intensive applications that depend on reliable data delivery to support real-time data collection, correlation and analysis. Data is typically collected from a wide variety of sources and organizations, using a range of mechanisms - some data are streamed in real time, while other data are obtained at regular intervals or collected in an ad hoc fashion. Individual applications are forced to make separate arrangements with feed providers, learn the structure of incoming files, monitor data quality, and trigger any processing necessary. The Bistro data feed manager, designed and implemented at AT&T Labs- Research, simplifies and automates this complex task of data feed management: efficiently handling incoming raw files, identifying data feeds and distributing them to remote subscribers. Bistro supports a flexible specification language to define logical data feeds using the naming structure of physical data files, and to identify feed subscribers. Based on the specification, Bistro matches data files to feeds, performs file normalization and compression, efficiently delivers files, and notifies subscribers using a trigger mechanism. We describe our feed analyzer that discovers the naming structure of incoming data files to detect new feeds, dropped feeds, feed changes, or lost data in an existing feed. Bistro is currently deployed within AT&T Labs and is responsible for the real-time delivery of over 100 different raw feeds, distributing data to several large-scale stream warehouses.
The Clinical Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. (1984)

Historical Perspective and Changing History General Symptomology Immunopathology of Lupus Serology Musculoskeletal Manifestations Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Cardiac Aspects Pulmonary Manifestations Hematologic Manifestations Renal Disease Gastrointestinal Manifestations Neurologic Manifestations of Lupus Psychiatric Aspects of Lupus Pregnancy Lupus-Like Syndromes Related to Drugs and Environmental Factors Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children and Adolescents Antiphospholipid Syndrome Clinical Monitoring Medications Treatment Subject Index
New laws — new managers? (1977)

At the time of going to press, reverberations from the violent debate triggered by the so‐called ‘Bullock Report’, published in January 1977, were still considerable. The ‘Report of the Committee of Inquiry on Industrial Democracy’ (to give it its full title) contained, in its main report, certain far‐reaching proposals for employee participation in British industry. It also contained (a) a four‐page note of dissent by one of the seven signatories to the Majority Report and (b) a three‐man Minority Report which ran to almost 30 pages.
Regulatory T cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation (2014)

Regulatory T cells are the central element for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Several subtypes of regulatory T (Treg) cells have been described, and most of them belong to the CD4(+) T-helper (Th) cell lineage. These specific subtypes can be discriminated according to phenotype and function. Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)-expressing natural Treg cells (Tregs) and IL-10-producing, T-regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1) are the best-studied types of CD4(+) regulatory T cells in humans and experimental animal models. It was shown that they play a crucial role during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Both cells types seem to be particularly important for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we discuss the role of CD4(+) regulatory T cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation with an emphasis on Tregs and Tr1 cells in MS.
Structure and function of the HIV envelope (1989)

From the Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK *Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NIAID National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Cloning and Characterization of the 2-<i>C</i>-Methyl-<scp>D</scp>-erythritol 4-Phosphate (MEP) Pathway Genes of a Natural-Rubber Producing Plant,<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (2008)

Natural rubber is synthesized as rubber particles in the latex, the fluid cytoplasm of laticifers, of Hevea brasiliensis. Although it has been found that natural rubber is biosynthesized through the mevalonate pathway, the involvement of an alternative 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is uncertain. We obtained all series of the MEP pathway candidate genes by analyzing expressed sequence tag (EST) information and degenerate PCR in H. brasiliensis. Complementation experiments with Escherichia coli mutants were performed to confirm the functions of the MEP pathway gene products of H. brasiliensis together with those of Arabidopsis thaliana, and it was found that 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase of H. brasiliensis were functionally active in the E. coli mutants. Gene expression analysis revealed that the expression level of the HbDXS2 gene in latex was relatively high as compared to those of other MEP pathway genes. However, a feeding experiment with [1-(13)C] 1-deoxy-D-xylulose triacetate, an intermediate derivative of the MEP pathway, indicated that the MEP pathway is not involved in rubber biosynthesis, but is involved in carotenoids biosynthesis in H. brasiliensis.
Energy Gaps of α,α‘-Substituted Oligothiophenes from Semiempirical, Ab Initio, and Density Functional Methods (2000)

Energy gaps have been estimated for −OMe and −NO2 α,α‘-substituted oligothiophenes up to six monomers using semiempirical, Hartree−Fock and density functional methods. Scaled values calculated using noncorrelated methods are in good agreement with the experimental values, and so were nonscaled estimates predicted by density functional methods. Error bars are ca. 0.2 eV for all 11 oligothiophenes studied. The influence of the quality of the basis set on the energy estimates is discussed. The discrepancy observed for the −OMe- and −NO2-substituted sexithiophene result with respect to the experimental value is discussed and has been attributed to a charge transfer in the molecule. The ΔSCF approach has been found to be an alternative way to estimate energy gaps for molecular systems where Koopmans' theorem may not provide good results. Implications for predictions of HOMO−LUMO gaps of π-conjugated systems are discussed and analyzed in terms of designing new materials with controlled properties.
The mononuclear phagocyte system and its cytokine inflammatory networks in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2009)

This review describes patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In such patients, a high inflammatory set point of circulating monocytes at the transcriptome level is observed, involving various inflammatory transcripts forming distinct fingerprints (the transcriptomic monocyte fingerprint in schizophrenia overlaps with that in bipolar disorder, but also differs with it at points). There are increased levels of compounds of the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF system in the serum (be it modest and inconsistent). There is also evidence that the IL-2 system is activated in patients with schizophrenia (and perhaps those with mania), although independently of the activation of the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF systems, suggesting separate inducing mechanisms for monocyte and T-cell activation. It is not yet known whether such T cell activation involves the Th1/Th2/Th17 or Treg systems.
Prevalence of Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease and Association with Risk Factors in the Cardiovascular Health Study (1994)

The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease was evaluated among the 5,201 adults aged > or = 65 years in four communities participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study from June 1989 through May 1990. A combined index based on electrocardiogram and echocardiogram abnormalities, carotid artery wall thickness and stenosis based on carotid ultrasound, decreased ankle-brachial blood pressure, and positive response to a Rose Questionnaire for angina or intermittent claudication defined subclinical disease. The prevalence of subclinical disease was 36% in women and 38.7% in men and increased with age. Among women, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and cigarette smoking were positively associated, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol negatively associated, with subclinical disease. In men, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and cigarette smoking were independent risk factors in multiple logistic regression analyses. The risk factors for subclinical disease are, therefore, similar to those for clinical disease at younger ages, especially among women. It is possible that older individuals with subclinical disease are at very high risk of developing clinical disease and that more aggressive interventions to prevent clinical disease should be oriented to individuals with subclinical disease.
Piezoelectric effects in biological tissues (2002)

The aim of this paper is to analyze different contributions and differents points of view concerning the meaning of the piezoelectric effect in the bone. It is now obvious that this effect is overhelming in dry bone. In wet bone more important are streaming potentials.
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapy and Promising New Regimens (2002)

In this review, we cover current therapy and promising new regimens and highlight areas where improvement is needed in the management of small cell lung cancer.
Modeling Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Using a Three Section Thermal Model (2018)

This paper presents a model describing lithium-ion battery thermal runaway triggered by an internal short. The model predicts temperature and heat generation from the internal short circuit and side reactions using a three-section model. The three sections correspond to the core, middle, and surface layers. At each layer, the temperature-dependent heat release and progression of the three major side reactions are modeled. A thermal runaway test was conducted on a 4.5 Ah nickel manganese cobalt oxide pouch cell, and the temperature measurements are used for model validation. The proposed reduced order model based on three sections can balance the computational speed with the model complexity required to predict the fast core temperature evolution and slower surface temperature growth. The model shows good agreement with the experimental data, and it will be further improved with formal tuning in a follow-up effort to enable early detection of thermal runway induced by internal short.
Clinical trials in neuroprotection (2003)

Many common neurological and psychiatric disorders are accompanied by extensive neuronal loss, either acutely or chronically. These include stroke, head trauma, spinal cord injury, epilepsy, perinatal and perioperative hypoxia-ischaemia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and even some aspects of schizophrenia and depression. Despite considerable research effort, no agent has been found that can protect the brain from any of these neurodegenerative conditions. 'Clinical Trials in Neuroprotection,' sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania, was held to address this situation in a unique way. Rather than focus on one neurodegenerative condition, the conference brought together researchers from a variety of neuroprotection areas. They reviewed basic mechanisms of neuronal injury, the animal models used in a variety of paradigms and the design and results of clinical trials in many neuroprotection areas. The presentations and extensive discussions focused on common issues encountered and lessons learned, and on developing innovative strategies for clinical evaluation of potential neuroprotective agents. Conference participants came to a general consensus that some mechanisms were the same for all conditions, models need to be improved, new clinical trial paradigms should consider drug combinations and/or sequential administration of neuroprotective agents, new biomarkers should be developed and a 'proof-of-principle' trial would be widely valuable and should be developed.
Clinical Interest of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in 72 Children with Inadequate Language Development (1996)

The present study is of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in 72 children, of 2 to 13 years of age, showing inadequate language development. The age of the children was mainly below the age of 4 (39 cases = 54%), peaking between 3 and 4 years of age (33 cases = 46%). Even so, 82% of our patients were 3 years old or over: 64% were boys, 36% girls, the proportion of boys falling off with age 26% (19 cases) of BAEPs recorded were normal, 74% (53 cases) pathological. High prevalence of undiagnosed hearing loss was found. Physiopathological BAEP classification showed endocochlear impairment in 68% (36 cases), conductive impairment in 21% (11 cases) and retrocochlear impairment in 11% (6 cases) of subjects. Unilateral impairment (20 cases = 28%) cannot account for inadequate language development; but, in the 8 cases (11%) of total bilateral hearing loss, and the 15 cases (21%) of partial bilateral impairment, hearing loss more or equal to 50 dB HL, impaired hearing would play a role in the retardation.
Increasing real-world security of user IDs and passwords (2011)

While there are many highly secure authentication systems, the user ID and password credential pair remains the most commonly used means of authentication even though it is one of the easiest to break. It is vulnerable to technical and social attacks but proper application of people, process and technical controls in the selection, use and monitoring of passwords can decrease the likelihood of compromise. This paper investigates the technical and social uses, weaknesses, vulnerabilities, attacks and defenses of the user ID and password combination. This reviews existing technology, use and attacks of user IDs and passwords; it will consider what can be done as well as suggest what should be done. Academic research and industry practice are addressed.
On the Correction of Interference Effects in Open Jet Wind Tunnels (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper deals with the correction for interference effects on the flow about bluff bodies in open-jet wind tunnels. Altogether, five different interference effects in open-jet tunnels are identified and described by physical models. Besides the classical jet-expansion correction which has been treated repeatedly by various authors throughout the last 60 years, the new correction method also includes the effect of jet deflection due to the proximity of a vehicle to the nozzle. Furthermore, far-field interference effects originating from the nozzle and the collector are described. For this purpose nozzle and collector effects are treated as solid- wall blockage phenomena, and with the aid of Biot-Savart principles the induced velocity at the model position is calculated. Finally, the static- pressure gradient in an empty test section generates a horizontal buoyancy force when a model is placed in a wind tunnel stream. This buoyancy force is considered in the correction procedure by averaging the streamwise pressure gradient over the front and rear parts of a vehicle.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Validating the correction method, it is further shown that the interference terms can be used also in an inverted sense by defining lay-out parameters for a correction-free wind tunnel.</div>
General approach to implementing analogue Viterbidecoders (1994)

Commercial realisations of analogue Viterbi decoders are available for magnetic read channels. However, these implementations are restricted to a particular coding scheme. The authors present a general approach to the implementation of analogue Viterbi decoders having arbitrary coding schemes. The proposed method exploits the ability of simple analogue circuits to perform the required mathematical functions. Simulation results are presented for a 0.8 µm BiCMOS process.
Virtual Time CSMA: Why Two Clocks Are Better than One (1985)

A new carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) algorithm, called virtual time CSMA, is described and analyzed. This algorithm uses a novel approach to granting access to the shared broadcast channel based on variable-rate clocks. Unlike other CSMA algorithms, the operation of virtual time CSMA reduces to the ideal case in the zero propagation time limit: a work-conserving, first-come first-served <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M/G/1</tex> queueing system. The algorithm does not appear to be difficult to implement, but offers better throughput-delay performance than existing CSMA algorithms. A simple closed form technique for estimating the mean message delay is presented. This technique is of independent interest because of its applicability to certain "sliding window" tree conflict resolution algorithms. Extensive numerical results for the algorithm are presented, including comparisons with simulation and with other CSMA algorithms.
Controlling The Global Weather (2002)

Technological advances over the next 30-50 years may make it possible to control the weather. If we can, should we? Are "weather wars" inevitable?