gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UIBVFED: Virtual facial expression dataset (2020)

Facial expression classification requires large amounts of data to reflect the diversity of conditions in the real world. Public databases support research tasks providing researchers an appropriate work framework. However, often these databases do not focus on artistic creation. We developed an innovative facial expression dataset that can help both artists and researchers in the field of affective computing. This dataset can be managed interactively by an intuitive and easy to use software application. The dataset is composed of 640 facial images from 20 virtual characters each creating 32 facial expressions. The avatars represent 10 men and 10 women, aged between 20 and 80, from different ethnicities. Expressions are classified by the six universal expressions according to Gary Faigin classification.
Carboxoniumverbindungen in der Kohlenhydratchemie, X. Untersuchungen zur Acetoxonium‐Umlagerung von <scp>D</scp>‐Glucose zu <scp>D</scp>‐Idose (1970)

Abstract Äquilibrierungsversuche in Nitromethan zeigen, daß von den vier Acetoxonium‐Ionen das gluco ‐Ion 5 zu 60%, das manno ‐Ion 6 zu 12%, das altro ‐Ion 7 zu 7% und das ido ‐Ion 8 zu 21 % im Gleichgewicht vorliegen. Einheitliches Idose‐4.6‐Acetoxonium‐Salz 8 kristallisiert aus CH 2 Cl 2 , da es über das Gleichgewicht 5 ⇋ 6 ⇋ 7 ⇋ 8 ständig nachgebildet wird. Das Glucose‐1.2‐Acetoxonium‐Salz 5 kann durch Fällung aus CCl 4 bei −10° erhalten werden. Penta‐ O ‐benzoyl‐α‐ D ‐idopyranose ( 15 ) ist durch Benzoxonium‐Umlagerung aus Glucose gewinnbar. Tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐6‐brom‐6‐desoxy‐α‐ D ‐idopyranose ( 16 ) wird durch „ trans ”︁ Öffnung des Idose‐4.6‐Acetoxonium‐Salzes 8 mit LiBr dargestellt.
Human meprin alpha and beta homo-oligomers: cleavage of basement membrane proteins and sensitivity to metalloprotease inhibitors (2004)

Meprin is a zinc endopeptidase of the astacin family, which is expressed as a membrane-bound or secreted protein in mammalian epithelial cells, in intestinal leucocytes and in certain cancer cells. There are two types of meprin subunits, alpha and beta, which form disulphide-bonded homo- and hetero-oligomers. Here we report on the cleavage of matrix proteins by hmeprin (human meprin) alpha and beta homo-oligomers, and on the interactions of these enzymes with inhibitors. Despite their completely different cleavage specificities, both hmeprin alpha and beta are able to hydrolyse basement membrane components such as collagen IV, nidogen-1 and fibronectin. However, they are inactive against intact collagen I. Hence the matrix-cleaving activity of hmeprin resembles that of gelatinases rather than collagenases. Hmeprin is inhibited by hydroxamic acid derivatives such as batimastat, galardin and Pro-Leu-Gly-hydroxamate, by TAPI-0 (tumour necrosis factor alpha protease inhibitor-0) and TAPI-2, and by thiol-based compounds such as captopril. Therapeutic targets for these inhibitors are MMPs (matrix metalloproteases), TACE (tumour necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme) and angiotensin-converting enzyme respectively. The most effective inhibitor of hmeprin alpha in the present study was the naturally occurring hydroxamate actinonin ( K(i)=20 nM). The marked variance in the cleavage specificities of hmeprin alpha and beta is reflected by their interaction with the TACE inhibitor Ro 32-7315, whose affinity for the beta subunit (IC50=1.6 mM) is weaker by three orders of magnitude than that for the alpha subunit ( K(i)=1.6 microM). MMP inhibitors such as the pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione derivative Ro 28-2653 that are more specific for gelatinases do not bind to hmeprin, presumably due to the subtle differences in the mode of zinc binding and active-site structure between the astacins and the MMPs.
DNaseI Hypersensitivity and Ultraconservation Reveal Novel, Interdependent Long-Range Enhancers at the Complex Pax6 Cis-Regulatory Region (2011)

The PAX6 gene plays a crucial role in development of the eye, brain, olfactory system and endocrine pancreas. Consistent with its pleiotropic role the gene exhibits a complex developmental expression pattern which is subject to strict spatial, temporal and quantitative regulation. Control of expression depends on a large array of cis-elements residing in an extended genomic domain around the coding region of the gene. The minimal essential region required for proper regulation of this complex locus has been defined through analysis of human aniridia-associated breakpoints and YAC transgenic rescue studies of the mouse smalleye mutant. We have carried out a systematic DNase I hypersensitive site (HS) analysis across 200 kb of this critical region of mouse chromosome 2E3 to identify putative regulatory elements. Mapping the identified HSs onto a percent identity plot (PIP) shows many HSs correspond to recognisable genomic features such as evolutionarily conserved sequences, CpG islands and retrotransposon derived repeats. We then focussed on a region previously shown to contain essential long range cis-regulatory information, the Pax6 downstream regulatory region (DRR), allowing comparison of mouse HS data with previous human HS data for this region. Reporter transgenic mice for two of the HS sites, HS5 and HS6, show that they function as tissue specific regulatory elements. In addition we have characterised enhancer activity of an ultra-conserved cis-regulatory region located near Pax6, termed E60. All three cis-elements exhibit multiple spatio-temporal activities in the embryo that overlap between themselves and other elements in the locus. Using a deletion set of YAC reporter transgenic mice we demonstrate functional interdependence of the elements. Finally, we use the HS6 enhancer as a marker for the migration of precerebellar neuro-epithelium cells to the hindbrain precerebellar nuclei along the posterior and anterior extramural streams allowing visualisation of migratory defects in both pathways in Pax6(Sey/Sey) mice.
Energy capability of lateral and vertical DMOS transistors in an advanced automotive smart power technology (2002)

Thermal failure of 65 V-rated SMARTMOS power devices is analyzed. Failure time measurements in the 1 ms range correlate with a 3D analytical model. The failure mechanism is shown to be purely thermal, not electrical. The RESURF (reduced surface voltage) LDMOS and updrain TMOS devices have equal energy capability per unit area. The low specific on-resistance of the LDMOS (1.6 m/spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/) gives it a significant advantage over the updrain TMOS (2.3 m/spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/) for many automotive applications.
Modular Design of Hexagonal Phased Arrays Through Diamond Tiles (2020)

The modular design of planar phased array antennas with hexagonal apertures is addressed by means of innovative diamond-shaped tiling techniques. Both tiling configuration and subarray coefficients are optimized to fit user-defined power-mask constraints on the radiation pattern. Toward this end, suitable surface-tiling mathematical theorems are customized to the problem at hand to guarantee optimal performance in case of low/medium-size arrays, while the computationally hard tiling of large arrays is yielded thanks to an effective integer-coded GA-based exploration of the arising high-cardinality solution spaces. By considering ideal as well as real array models, a set of representative benchmark problems is dealt with to assess the effectiveness of the proposed architectures and tiling strategies. Moreover, comparisons with alternative tiling architectures are also performed to show to the interested readers the advantages and the potentialities of the diamond subarraying of hexagonal apertures.
A Molecular Dynamics Study on RAGE-Aβ42 Interaction and the Influence of G82S RAGE Polymorphism on Aβ Interaction (2015)

Interaction of amyloid peptides (Aβ) with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) elicits an inflammatory response and augments Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The present study was aimed to analyse the interactions of different forms of Aβ42 peptide with ligand binding domain of normal and G82S RAGE and their possible consequences in AD pathology. The structures of RAGE ectodomain (3CJJ), monomeric forms of Aβ42 - 1IYT (apolar) and 1Z0Q (polar) and fibrillar (2BEG) were obtained from PDB. The structure of G82 and S82 RAGE was generated using SWISS MODEL. SIFT and PolyPhen analysis was performed to predict the phenotypic and functional effect of the amino acid substitution. The G82 and S82 variant structures were simulated in GROMACS and the 10 lowest energy structures were docked with different forms of Aβ42 using CLUSPRO in antibody mode. The lowest energy docked structure was further simulated for 5 ns. The structures corresponding to 0-5 ns were taken and the amino acid interactions were generated using PDBSUM. SIFT analysis indicated that G82S SNP had a tolerating effect on the structure of protein but polyphen predicted a probable damaging effect. Highest binding score was obtained with 2BEG docked with both G82 RAGE (-375.84 ± 7.425 Kcal/mol) and G82S variant (-391.09 ± 13.391 Kcal/mol) indicating that the fibrillar form showed better interaction. Compared to G82 RAGE, the S82 variant showed better interaction to all three forms of Aβ42. The results of study indicate that RAGE interacted better with fibrillar form of Aβ42 peptide and G82S mutation enhanced the binding affinity of RAGE towards amyloid peptides leading to enhanced inflammatory response.
Branch point problem in adaptive optics (1998)

It is shown that when branch points are present in the phase of a turbulence-distorted optical field, the ability of an adaptive optics system that utilizes a least mean square error type of wave-front reconstructor to sense all of the turbulence-induced phase perturbations is limited. There is a portion of the turbulence-induced phase perturbation, which portion we refer to as the hidden phase, that such a least mean square error type of wave-front reconstructor will, in effect, ignore. It is shown that the presence of branch points indicates that the measured phase-difference vector field cannot be considered to be simply the gradient of some scalar potential—the phase function—but is in part also the curl of a vector potential function. A solution is developed for this vector potential, and from this a simple closed-form solution for the hidden phase is developed. Sample numerical results are presented showing the nature of the hidden phase. Suggestions are provided for a branch-point-tolerant wave-front reconstructor based on use of the closed-form solution for the hidden phase.
Immune-monitoring in Kawasaki disease patients treated with infliximab and intravenous immunoglobulin (2013)

The expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg ) controls inflammation in children with acute Kawasaki disease (KD). Blockade of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is an emerging therapy for KD patients with refractory inflammation, but there is concern that this therapy could impede the host immune regulation. To define the effect of TNF-α blockade, we conducted ex-vivo immune-monitoring in KD subjects who participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the addition of infliximab to standard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. We enumerated circulating myeloid and plasmocytoid dendritic cells (DC), regulatory T cells (Treg ) and memory T cells (Tmem ) in 14 consecutive, unselected KD patients (seven treated with IVIG, seven with IVIG + infliximab) at three time-points: (i) acute phase prior to treatment, (ii) subacute phase and (iii) convalescent phase. Myeloid DC (mDC), but not plasmacytoid DC (pDC), were numerous in the peripheral blood in acute KD subjects and decreased in the subacute phase in both IVIG(-) and IVIG (+) infliximab-treated groups. The co-stimulatory molecule for antigen presentation to T cells and CD86 decreased in mDC from acute to subacute time-points in both treatment groups, but not in the single patient who developed coronary artery aneurysms. We also defined tolerogenic mDC that expand in the subacute phase of KD not impaired by infliximab treatment. Treg and Tmem expanded after treatment with no significant differences between the two groups. Treatment of KD patients with infliximab does not adversely affect generation of tolerogenic mDC or the development of T cell regulation and memory.
Control and synchronization scheme for parallel image processing RAM with 128 processor elements and 16-Mb DRAM (2002)

A newly developed parallel image processing RAM (PIP-RAM) integrates 128 processor elements and a 16-Mb DRAM on a single chip. The paper presents three novel circuit design techniques: a data path control and synchronization scheme between processors and memory; a refresh scheme which enables refresh operations in parallel with arithmetic-logical operations; and a special block redundancy scheme.
Reduction of Opioid-Withdrawal Symptoms With Quetiapine (2005)

Quetiapine use during opioid cessation was found to help abate symptoms of opioid withdrawal in our patient population and was generally well tolerated.
Vasopressin-induced activation of protein kinase C in renal epithelial cells (1998)

Recent studies indicate that the actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and other agonists that stimulate electrogenic sodium transport in renal epithelial A6 cells are linked to a Ca(2+)-mobilizing signal transduction mechanism that involves generation of inositol trisphosphate. Since diacylglycerol is the other product in this pathway, studies were performed to determine the possible role of PKC in the stimulation of sodium transport. AVP induced a biphasic increase in diacylglycerol generation, characterized by an initial rapid rise and then a sustained elevation, and PKC activation, reflected by phosphorylation of a specific 80 kDa myristoylated alanine-rich PKC substrate (MARCKS). To determine the PKC isoform(s) involved in this process, immunoblot analysis was performed using antisera that recognize both classical PKC isoforms, XPKC-I and XPCK-II, cloned from Xenopus oocytes. The transcripts of both isoforms were expressed in the A6 cell. Since protein recognized by antisera was translocated from cytosol to the particulate fraction after exposure to AVP, one or both isoforms were activated in the A6 cell. Further studies showed that cyclohexyladenosine and insulin, additional agonists of sodium transport in A6 cells, also stimulated phosphorylation of MARCKS. These results argue that Ca(2+)-dependent PKC is involved in the action of AVP, and that of other agonists, which stimulate sodium transport.
The Random Component of Mixer-Based Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer Measurement Uncertainty (2007)

The uncertainty, due to random noise, of the measurements made with a mixer-based nonlinear vector network analyzer are analyzed. An approximate covariance matrix corresponding to the measurements is derived that can be used for fitting models and maximizing the dynamic range in the measurement setup. The validity of the approximation is verified with measurements.
A chemical method for the convenient surface functionalisation of polymers (2005)

A method for the application of carbenes as reactive intermediates for surface modification of polymeric substrates has been developed; the efficacy of the process has been demonstrated by irreversible dyeing of polystyrene, polythene, nylon, silica, and controlled pore glass, and to a limited extent, polytetrafluoroethylene.
A high quality digital HDTV codec (1991)

A digital video codec has been developed for the Zenith/AT&T HDTV (high-definition TV) system for terrestrial broadcast over NTSC taboo channels. The codec works on an image progressively scanned with 1575 scan lines every 1/30th of a second and achieves a compression ratio of approximately 50 to 1. The transparent image quality is achieved using motion-compensated transform coding coupled with a perceptual criterion to determine the quantization accuracy required for each transform coefficient. The combination of a sophisticated encoded video format and advanced bit error protection techniques results in a highly robust reception and decoding of the compressed video signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Many-Core vs. Many-Thread Machines: Stay Away From the Valley (2009)

We study the tradeoffs between many-core machines like Intelpsilas Larrabee and many-thread machines like Nvidia and AMD GPGPUs. We define a unified model describing a superposition of the two architectures, and use it to identify operation zones for which each machine is more suitable. Moreover, we identify an intermediate zone in which both machines deliver inferior performance. We study the shape of this ldquoperformance valleyrdquo and provide insights on how it can be avoided.
Immunomagnetic Isolation of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> Serotypes 2 and 1/2 from Swine Tonsils (1999)

Isolation of specific serotypes of Streptococcus suis from the tonsils, nasal cavities, and genital tract is difficult, since low-pathogenic serotypes and untypeable strains also inhabit these sites. An immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique for the selective isolation of S. suis serotypes 2 and 1/2 was standardized. Superparamagnetic polystyrene beads (immunomagnetic beads or IMB) were coated with either a purified monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed to a capsular sialic acid-containing epitope or purified rabbit immunoglobulin G (polyclonal antibody [PAb]), both specific for S. suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. The amount of antibodies required for optimum coating of the beads, the number of IMB required for optimum bacterial recovery, and the nonspecific carryover were considerably higher with the MAb-IMS technique than with the PAb-IMS technique. The sensitivity of the IMS technique was 10(1) CFU/0.1 g of tonsil. The presence of serotype 1/2 bacteria did not considerably affect the recovery rate of a serotype 2 strain and vice versa. To validate the technique, PAb-coated beads were used to study 192 tonsils from animals from S. suis serotype 2- or 1/2-infected herds. Results showed that significantly more positive tonsils were detected by the IMS technique than by the standard procedure. This method represents an innovative and highly sensitive approach for the isolation of S. suis serotypes 2 and 1/2 from carrier animals.
Effect of strain on electronic and thermoelectric properties of few layers to bulk MoS<sub>2</sub> (2014)

The sensitive dependence of the electronic and thermoelectric properties of MoS₂ on applied strain opens up a variety of applications in the emerging area of straintronics. Using first-principles-based density functional theory calculations, we show that the band gap of a few layers of MoS₂ can be tuned by applying normal compressive (NC) strain, biaxial compressive (BC) strain, and biaxial tensile (BT) strain. A reversible semiconductor-to-metal transition (S-M transition) is observed under all three types of strain. In the case of NC strain, the threshold strain at which the S-M transition occurs increases when the number of layers increase and becomes maximum for the bulk. On the other hand, the threshold strain for the S-M transition in both BC and BT strains decreases when the number of layers increase. The difference in the mechanisms for the S-M transition is explained for different types of applied strain. Furthermore, the effect of both strain type and the number of layers on the transport properties are also studied using Botzmann transport theory. We optimize the transport properties as a function of the number of layers and the applied strain. 3L- and 2L-MoS₂ emerge as the most efficient thermoelectric materials under NC and BT strain, respectively. The calculated thermopower is large and comparable to some of the best thermoelectric materials. A comparison among the feasibility of these three types of strain is also discussed.
Graphene Plasmon Enhanced Vibrational Sensing of Surface-Adsorbed Layers (2014)

We characterize the influence of graphene nanoribbon plasmon excitation on the vibrational spectra of surface-absorbed polymers. As the detuning between the graphene plasmon frequency and a vibrational frequency of the polymer decreases, the vibrational peak intensity first increases and is then transformed into a region of narrow optical transparency as the frequencies overlap. Examples of this are provided by the carbonyl vibration in thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The signal depth of the plasmon-induced transparency is found to be 5 times larger than that of light attenuated by the carbonyl vibration alone. The plasmon-vibrational mode coupling and the resulting fields are analyzed using both a phenomenological model of electromagnetically coupled oscillators and finite-difference time-domain simulations. It is shown that this coupling and the resulting absorption enhancement can be understood in terms of near-field electromagnetic interactions.
Asymmetric hydrolysis of (.+-.)-1,2-diacetoxy-3-chloropropane and its related compounds with lipase. Synthesis of optically pure (S)-propranolol. (1982)

Asymmetric hydrolysis of (±)-1, 2-diacetoxy-3-chloropropane (1) with a very small amount of a lipoprotein lipase gave (S)-1 of 90% enantiomeric excess (e.e.). Reactions of (S)-1 with phenols in an alkaline condition yielded the corresponding (S)-3-aryloxy-1, 2-propanediols. From (S)-3-(1-naphthoxy)-1, 2-propanediol (5) was synthesized the optically pure (S)-isomer of propranolol [1-isopropylamino-3-(1-naphthoxy)-2-propanol] (9), one of the β-adrenergic blocking agents. Hydrolysis of (±)-1, 2-diacetoxy-3-bromopropane (11) and (±)-1, 2-diacetoxyethylbenzene (12) with the lipase afforded (S)-11 of 77% e.e. and (R)-12 of 73% e.e., respectively.
Transient Oscillations in Electric Wave-Filters (1923)

THE electric wave-filter has been very fully discussed with respect to its remarkable steady-state properties. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> In the present paper it is proposed to give the results of a fairly extensive t heoretical study of its behavior in the transient state. This study is of particular interest and importance in connection with the wave-filter, because, as we shall find, its remarkable selective characteristics are peculiarly properties of the steady state and become sharply defined only as the steady state is approached. To this fact, it may be remarked in passing, is to be ascribed the uniform failure of wave-filters to suppress irregular and tran sient interference, such as “static,” in anything like the degree with which they discriminate against steady-state currents outside the transmission range. This limitation is common to all types of selective networks and restricts the amount of protection it is possible to secure from transient or irregular interference. In fact the general conclusions of the present study are applicable to all types of selective circuits.