gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic AMP mediates keratinocyte directional migration in an electric field (2005)

Re-epithelialization of wounded skin is necessary for wound closure and restoration of barrier function and requires directional keratinocyte migration towards the center of the wound. The electric field (EF) generated immediately upon wounding could be the earliest signal keratinocytes receive to initiate directional migration and healing. Keratinocytes express many beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2-ARs), but their role in the epidermis is unknown. We have previously shown that beta-AR agonists decrease keratinocyte migration in a cyclic AMP (cAMP) independent mechanism involving the activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Here, we ask whether beta2-ARs play a role in keratinocyte galvanotaxis. We report a bimodal response. When keratinocytes were exposed to higher concentrations of beta-AR agonist (0.1 microM), their tracked migratory speed was inhibited, in both the presence (directional migration) and the absence (random migration) of a 100 mV mm(-1) EF, as expected. At lower agonist concentrations (0.1 pM to 0.1 nM), there was no effect on migratory speed; however, all directionality was lost - essentially, cells were 'blinded' to the directional cue. Preincubating the cells with beta-antagonist restored directional migration, demonstrating that the 'blindness' was beta2-AR mediated. Incubation of keratinocytes with agents known to increase intracellular cAMP levels, such as sp-cAMP, pertussis toxin and forskolin, resulted in similar 'blinding' to the EF, whereas random migration was unaffected. The inactive cAMP analog rp-cAMP had no effect on keratinocyte migration, whether directional or random. However, rp-cAMP pretreatment before beta-agonist addition fully restored galvanotaxis, demonstrating the complete cAMP dependence of the attenuation of keratinocyte directional migration. This is the first report that cAMP is capable of mediating keratinocyte galvanotaxis. beta-AR agonists and antagonists could be valuable tools for modulating re-epithelialization, an essential step in the wound-healing process. Thus, beta-ARs regulate the two distinct components of keratinocyte directional migration differently: migration speed via a cAMP-independent mechanism and galvanotaxis by a cAMP-dependent one.
Immunohistochemical detection of dityrosine in lipofuscin pigments in the aged human brain (1998)

Lipofuscin is a yellowish brown fluorescent pigment which is sequestered within cytoplasmic granules during aging. To examine the contribution of protein oxidation to lipofuscin accumulation, we performed immunohistochemical detection of dityrosine, which is considered one of the specific markers for protein oxidation, in lipofuscin in the aged human brain using an antibody specific to dityrosine. By characterization using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the specificity of the antibody to dityrosine was confirmed. None of the other tyrosine-related compounds such as L-tyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cross-reacted with the antibody. The anti-dityrosine antibody reacted with lipofuscin granules in the pyramidal neurons of the aged human brain. The results suggest that protein oxidation by free radicals and/or peroxidases may play an important role in lipofuscin accumulation.
Chromosomal location of antibiotic resistance genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1976)

Transformation with purified plasmid and chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid from a clinical isolate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae showed that each of seven loci affecting drug resistance (penA, penB, ery, str, tet, chl, and env) was chromosomal.
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Annulation of Alkynes with <i>ortho</i>-Ester-Containing Phenylboronic Acids (2007)

Palladium(II) catalyzes annulation of internal alkynes with methyl 2-boronobenzoate and (2-boronophenyl)acetate to provide 2,3-disubstituted indenones and 3,4-disubstituted 2-naphthols, respectively. The annulation reaction would proceed through transmetalation of Pd(II) with the boron reagents and insertion of the alkynes, followed by unprecedented 1,2-addition of the generated alkenylpalladium(II) species to the intramolecular ester group.
The Properties and Performance of Modern Automotive Fuels, 1986 (1986)

Conventional and alternative automotive fuels are analyzed and discussed in this article. The refining of gasoline, its nature as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, and many of its characteristics are examined. The differences between gasoline and oxygenate-containing fuels are outlined. Ways of improving and modifying diesel fuels are explored, and the effects of sulfur on fuel is discussed. Engine tests are conducted using mixtures of diesel fuel with vegetable oils and ethanol, separately, but more are needed to define their applicability better.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Water-Soluble Ambrosin Prodrug Candidates (1995)

The potential therapeutic application of the naturally occurring, cytotoxic pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactone ambrosin is limited by its aqueous insolubility. A number of water-soluble ambrosin derivatives have therefore been prepared for potential use as prodrugs. Michael addition of several secondary amines to both the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone and alpha-methylene lactone moieties of ambrosin afforded tertiary amine diadducts that were converted to water-soluble hydrochloride salts. The salt of the bis-piperidine adduct proved to be the most potent, producing cytotoxic activity only slightly less potent than that of ambrosin itself in a variety of human cancer cell cultures. The sodium salt of the bis-sulfonic acid derivative of ambrosin was inactive, while the sodium salt of the bis-sulfinic acid analog had low activity. Biological evaluation of several ambrosin analogs with reduced and/or isomerized alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone and alpha-methylene lactone moieties demonstrated the importance of both of these functional groups for biological activity.
A model for synthesizing speech by rule (1969)

A general model for speech synthesis by rule is presented along with a discussion of one specific implementation of the model. The conversion from discrete input signals to continuous synthesizer control signals is performed by the synthesis strategy. The details of the synthesis strategy, including linguistic preprocessing of the input and separate but interdependent segmental and suprasegmental models, are described. An experimental evaluation of the specific model is included, along with specific recommendations as to areas of speech synthesis and speech production requiring further study.
Dynorphin and Vasopressin: Common Localization in Magnocellular Neurons (1982)

The opioid peptide dynorphin is widely distributed in neuronal tissue of rats. By immunocytochemical methods, it was shown previously that dynorphin-like immunoreactivity is present in the posterior pituitary and the cells of the hypothalamic neurosecretory magnocellular nuclei which also are responsible for the synthesis of oxytocin, vasopressin, and their neurophysins. By using an affinity-purified antiserum to the non-enkephalin part of the dynorphin molecule it has now been demonstrated that dynorphin and vasopressin occur in the same hypothalamic cells of rats, whereas dynorphin and oxytocin occur in separate cells. Homozygous Brattleboro rats (deficient in vasopressin) have magnocellular neurons that contain dynorphin separate from oxytocin. Thus dynorphin and vasopressin, although they occur in the same cells, appear to be under separate genetic control and presumably arise from different precursors.
A novel passive surveillance scheme for optical transmission systems with multiple in-line optical amplifiers (1997)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel surveillance scheme for an optically amplified transmission system which allows simultaneous in-service fiber fault identification and optical amplifiers' status monitoring, without any dedicated light source as in conventional optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) technique.
A Self-Calibrating Radar Sensor System for Measuring Vital Signs (2015)

Vital signs (i.e., heartbeat and respiration) are crucial physiological signals that are useful in numerous medical applications. The process of measuring these signals should be simple, reliable, and comfortable for patients. In this paper, a noncontact self-calibrating vital signs monitoring system based on the Doppler radar is presented. The system hardware and software were designed with a four-tiered layer structure. To enable accurate vital signs measurement, baseband signals in the radar sensor were modeled and a framework for signal demodulation was proposed. Specifically, a signal model identification method was formulated into a quadratically constrained l1 minimization problem and solved using the upper bound and linear matrix inequality (LMI) relaxations. The performance of the proposed system was comprehensively evaluated using three experimental sets, and the results indicated that this system can be used to effectively measure human vital signs.
Fundamental frequency noise properties of extended cavity erbium fiber lasers (2011)

A multimode linear cavity and a single-mode unidirectional ring cavity fiber laser with meter-long cavity lengths are shown to exhibit frequency noise limited by fundamental thermodynamic noise from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. Their measured spectra agree closely with theoretically derived thermodynamic noise and the characteristic dependence of the frequency noise power spectrum on the inverse of the cavity length is observed. The unidirectional ring laser exhibits a frequency noise of 2 Hz/Hz(1/2) at 1 kHz, one of the lowest published values to date from a free-running laser. The multimode linear cavity laser is shown to be a suitable candidate for thermal-noise-limited, meter-long fiber laser strain sensors with a strain resolution of 14 fϵ/Hz(1/2) at 1 kHz.
Complexities of Assessing Social and Emotional Competence and Wellbeing in Young Children (2010)

DEVELOPING POSITIVE SOCIAL and emotional growth and development in young children has always been a fundamental priority of early childhood practitioners. However, with an increasing economic and political focus on the foundational early childhood years, there has been a global push for the measurement of outcomes in early childhood education. This paper reports the findings of a major literature review to examine the assessment of social and emotional competence and wellbeing in young children. The review was conducted by a team at Edith Cowan University as part of a project funded by the Western Australian Department of Education and Training. It describes a number of issues about assessment dominating the early childhood literature. The paper then reports on the complexities of examining a domain that is socially and culturally constructed and where meaning belongs to the individual rather than to the person assessing the individual's behaviours.
A new generation of industrial crystalline silicon solar cells based on the OECO technology (2003)

Recently with the novel OECO (obliquely evaporated contacts) technology efficiencies exceeding 20% could be achieved, the highest values ever reported for large area silicon solar cells fabricated without photolithography. In the present work first the status of the front-contacted standard OECO solar cell, which is currently in a pilot line test, is addressed. In a second novel approach the OECO principle is also applied for the rear side to obtain bifacial sensitivity. As the third high efficiency OECO type device the BACK OECO solar cell with both contacts on the rear side including bifacial sensitivity is introduced. First very encouraging results of the bifacial OECO cells will be presented and their potential for very high efficiencies is discussed.
Microwave assisted hydroxyalkylamidation of poly(ethylene‐<i>co</i>‐acrylic acid) and formation of grafted poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) side chains (2007)

Abstract The microwave assisted amidation of poly(ethylene‐ co ‐acrylic acid) (PEAA) with 2‐(2‐aminoethoxy)ethanol was performed to yield a hydroxy functionalized poly(ethylene) based copolymer (PEAAOH) in a single step. PEAAOH was used as a polyinitiator for the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone. The obtained graft copolymers were studied via 1 H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy methods show a crystallization behavior of banded spherulites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3659–3667, 2007
Challenges to the Future Conservation of the Antarctic (2012)

Changing environments and resource demands present challenges to Antarctic conservation.
Acoustic segmentation using switching state Kalman filter (2003)

Segmenting the acoustic signal in the TIMIT database by a switching state Kalman filter model is reported in this paper. According to the assumption that the high dimensional acoustic feature vector of the LSF (line spectrum frequency) of the speech signal is probably embedded in a low dimensional space, a two dimensional vector is used to represent the continuous state vector in this model. The parameters of the model are initialized by PPCA (probabilistic principal component analysis) and first order vector autoregression, and are re-estimated by the EM algorithm. We show that this model can be used to classify vowels, nasals, frication and silence by an approximate Viterbi inference.
Complete vacuum microelectronic structures using GaAs (1992)

The particular advantages of using GaAs for the fabrication of field emitter vacuum microelectronic devices is discussed. A completely monolithic structure using GaAs for both the emitter and the gate (and/or anode) is described. Improved immunity to arc damage, ease of micro-machining complex structures and the availability of an insulating substrate are characteristics not shared by any other materials system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SeaMicro SM10000-64 server: Building datacenter servers using cell phone chips (2011)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the special features, system design, processing capabilities, and targeted markets for SeaMicro's SM10000-64 server family of products. .
Core-shell silica nanoparticles as fluorescent labels for nanomedicine (2007)

Progress in biomedical imaging depends on the development of probes that combine low toxicity with high sensitivity, resolution, and stability. Toward that end, a new class of highly fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles with narrow size distributions and enhanced photostability, known as C dots, provide an appealing alternative to quantum dots. Here, C dots are evaluated with a particular emphasis on in-vivo applications in cancer biology. It is established that C dots are nontoxic at biologically relevant concentrations, and can be used in a broad range of imaging applications including intravital visualization of capillaries and macrophages, sentinel lymph node mapping, and peptide-mediated multicolor cell labeling for real-time imaging of tumor metastasis and tracking of injected bone marrow cells in mice. These results demonstrate that fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles represent a powerful novel imaging tool within the emerging field of nanomedicine.
Laser deposition of diamondlike carbon films at high intensities (1995)

Unhydrogenated diamondlike carbon (DLC) thin films have been deposited by laser ablation of graphite, using a high power Ti: sapphire solid state laser system. DLC films were deposited onto silicon substrates at room temperature with subpicosecond laser pulses, at peak intensities in the 4×1014–5×1015 W/cm2 range. A variety of techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Raman spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) have been used to analyze the film quality. Smooth, partially transparent films were produced, distinct from the graphite target. Sp3 volume fractions were found to be in the 50%–60% range, with Tauc band gaps ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 eV, depending on laser intensity. Kinetic energies carried by the carbon ions in the laser induced plasma were measured through time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy. Their most probable kinetic energies were found to be in the 700–1000 eV range, increasing with laser intensity.
Medical management of perianal Crohn's disease. (1998)

Perianal disease is a frequent complication necessitating both medical and surgical management in Crohn's disease. Fissures, fistulae, or abscesses are found in approximately 36% of patients; occur more often in the ileocolonic and colonic disease; and may precede the onset of intestinal symptoms (Farmer et al, Gastroenterology 68:627-635, 1975; Rankin et al, Gastroenterology 77:914-920, 1979; Gray et al, Gut 6:515-524, 1965; and Homan et al, Arch Surg 111:1333-1335, 1976). To approach perianal manifestations, the physician must identify the anatomic location of the disease, treat the suppurative complications, and consider a long-term approach to palliation of chronic inflammatory sequelae. This article will review the medical management of perianal Crohn's disease and indications for surgery.
Multilocus Sequence Typing Analysis of Human and Animal <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Isolates of Various Toxigenic Types (2004)

A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed to study the genetic relationships and population structure of 72 Clostridium difficile isolates from various hosts, geographic sources, PCR ribotypes, and toxigenic types (determined by PCR targeting tcdA and tcdB genes). MLST was performed by DNA sequence analysis of seven housekeeping genes (aroE, ddl, dutA, tpi, recA, gmk, and sodA). The number of alleles ranged from five (dutA and ddl) to eleven (recA). Allelic profiles allowed the definition of 34 different sequence types (STs). These STs lacked correlation with geographic source but were well correlated to toxigenic type. The dendrogram generated from a matrix of pairwise genetic distances showed that animal isolates did not constitute a distinct lineage from human isolates and that there was no hypervirulent lineage within the population of toxigenic human isolates (isolates recovered from pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea did not cluster in distinct lineages). However, A(-) B(+) variant isolates shared the same ST that appeared as a divergent lineage in the population studied, indicating a single evolutionary origin. The population structure was further examined by analysis of allelic polymorphism. The dendrogram generated from composite sequence-based analysis revealed a homogeneous population associated with three divergent lineages, one of which was restricted to A(-) B(+) variant isolates. C. difficile exhibited a clonal population structure, as revealed by the estimation of linkage disequilibrium (Ia) between loci. The analysis of alleles within clonal complexes estimated that point mutation generated new alleles at a frequency eightfold higher than recombinational exchange, and the congruence of the dendrograms generated from separate housekeeping loci confirmed the mutational evolution of this species.
Resolving the transition from negative to positive blood oxygen level-dependent responses in the developing brain (2013)

The adult brain exhibits a local increase in cortical blood flow in response to external stimulus. However, broadly varying hemodynamic responses in the brains of newborn and young infants have been reported. Particular controversy exists over whether the "true" neonatal response to stimulation consists of a decrease or an increase in local deoxyhemoglobin, corresponding to a positive (adult-like) or negative blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), respectively. A major difficulty with previous studies has been the variability in human subjects and measurement paradigms. Here, we present a systematic study in neonatal rats that charts the evolution of the cortical blood flow response during postnatal development using exposed-cortex multispectral optical imaging. We demonstrate that postnatal-day-12-13 rats (equivalent to human newborns) exhibit an "inverted" hemodynamic response (increasing deoxyhemoglobin, negative BOLD) with early signs of oxygen consumption followed by delayed, active constriction of pial arteries. We observed that the hemodynamic response then matures via development of an initial hyperemic (positive BOLD) phase that eventually masks oxygen consumption and balances vasoconstriction toward adulthood. We also observed that neonatal responses are particularly susceptible to stimulus-evoked systemic blood pressure increases, leading to cortical hyperemia that resembles adult positive BOLD responses. We propose that this confound may account for much of the variability in prior studies of neonatal cortical hemodynamics. Our results suggest that functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of infant and child development may be profoundly influenced by the maturing neurovascular and autoregulatory systems of the neonatal brain.
Refined Exploration of Turbofan Design Options for an Advanced Single-Aisle Transport (2011)

A comprehensive exploration of the turbofan engine design space for an advanced technology single-aisle transport (737/A320 class aircraft) was conducted previously by the authors and is documented in a prior report. Through the course of that study and in a subsequent evaluation of the approach and results, a number of enhancements to the engine design ground rules and assumptions were identified. A follow-on effort was initiated to investigate the impacts of these changes on the original study results. The fundamental conclusions of the prior study were found to still be valid with the revised engine designs. The most significant impact of the design changes was a reduction in the aircraft weight and block fuel penalties incurred with low fan pressure ratio, ultra-high bypass ratio designs. This enables lower noise levels to be pursued (through lower fan pressure ratio) with minor negative impacts on aircraft weight and fuel efficiency. Regardless of the engine design selected, the results of this study indicate the potential for the advanced aircraft to realize substantial improvements in fuel efficiency, emissions, and noise compared to the current vehicles in this size class.
Traffic engineering for ethernet over SONET/SDH: advances and frontiers (2009)

Continued growth in data services coupled with the entrenchment of existing carrier infrastructures have inevitably forced a convergence of SONET/SDH and Ethernet technologies. As a result, the very notion of Ethernet connectivity has expanded beyond traditional local area domains into broader metro/wide area settings. The key enabling advances have come in the form of improved SONET/SDH provisioning features as well as new carrier Ethernet services standards. These provisions have allowed carriers to build and deploy much improved multigrade point-to-point Ethernet line services and have also opened up new challenges for extended multipoint offerings. This article looks at this evolving area and summarizes recent advances in EoS traffic engineering. It also highlights some key future challenges and presents a novel scheme for multipoint services provisioning in EoS settings.