gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Locally recurrent networks with multiple time-scales (2002)

We introduce a new generalized feedforward structure that provides for multiple time scales. The gamma, Laguerre and other locally recurrent feedforward structures perform poorly in cases where widely varying time constants are required. By exponentially varying the time-constant along the delay line, a single delay line is able to represent signals that include various time scales. We demonstrate both discrete- and continuous-time versions of this multiple time-scale structure which we call the multi-scale gamma filter. The multi-scale gamma has a very natural implementation in sub-threshold CMOS and measured impulse responses from a continuous-time analog VLSI chip are shown.
Effect of intracarotid nitric oxide on primate cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (1995)

The continuous release of nitric oxide (NO) is required to maintain basal cerebrovascular tone. Oxyhemoglobin, a putative spasmogen, rapidly binds NO, implicating loss of NO in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). If vasospasm is mediated by depletion of NO in the vessel wall, it should be reversible by replacement with NO. To investigate this hypothesis, the authors placed blood clots around the right middle cerebral artery (RMCA) of four cynomolgus monkeys; four unoperated animals served as controls. Arteriography was performed before and 7 days after surgery to assess the presence and degree of vasospasm, which was quantified in the anteroposterior (AP) projection by computerized image analysis. On Day 7, cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the distribution of the right MCA was measured during four to six runs in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) of brief infusions of saline followed by NO solution. Arteriography was performed immediately after completing the final NO infusion in three of the four animals with vasospasm. Right MCA blood flow velocities were obtained using transcranial Doppler before, during, and after NO infusion in two vasospastic animals. After ICA NO infusion, arteriographic vasospasm resolved (mean percent of preoperative AP area, 55.9%); that is, the AP areas of the proximal portion of the right MCA returned to their preoperative values (mean 91.4%; range 88%-96%). Compared to ICA saline, during ICA NO infusion CBF increased 7% in control animals and 19% in vasospastic animals (p < 0.002) without significant changes in other physiological parameters. During NO infusion, peak systolic right MCA CBF velocity decreased (130 to 109 cm/sec and 116 to 76 cm/sec) in two vasospastic animals. The effects of ICA NO on CBF and CBF velocity disappeared shortly after terminating NO infusion. Intracarotid infusion of NO in a primate model of vasospasm 1) increases CBF, 2) decreases cerebral vascular resistance, 3) reverses arteriographic vasospasm, and 4) decreases CBF velocity in the vasospastic artery without producing systemic hypotension. These findings indicate the potential for the development of targeted therapy to reverse cerebral vasospasm after SAH.
Isolation of the Hexahydroclovohexaborate(2-) Anion, B<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>2-</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of the Hexahydroclovohexaborate(2-) Anion, B6H62-James L. BooneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 22, 5036Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01076a082RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (151 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Species identification and quantification in meat and meat products using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) (2014)

Species fraud and product mislabelling in processed food, albeit not being a direct health issue, often results in consumer distrust. Therefore methods for quantification of undeclared species are needed. Targeting mitochondrial DNA, e.g. CYTB gene, for species quantification is unsuitable, due to a fivefold inter-tissue variation in mtDNA content per cell resulting in either an under- (-70%) or overestimation (+160%) of species DNA contents. Here, we describe a reliable two-step droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay targeting the nuclear F2 gene for precise quantification of cattle, horse, and pig in processed meat products. The ddPCR assay is advantageous over qPCR showing a limit of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) in different meat products of 0.01% and 0.001%, respectively. The specificity was verified in 14 different species. Hence, determining F2 in food by ddPCR can be recommended for quality assurance and control in production systems.
Inhibition of Cell Growth in Culture by Quinones (1998)

Quinones were studied for their growth inhibitory effect on cultured malignant cells. HCT-15 cells derived from human colon carcinoma were used for these experiments. Quinones used were arbutin in the benzoquinone group, juglone and lawsone in the naphthaquinone group, alizarin, emodin, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and anthraquinone in the anthraquinone group, and xanthone. Cultured cells were incubated with various concentrations of the quinones for four days in a 5% CO2 incubator, after which cell numbers were counted and significance of differences was analyzed by Student's t test. Anthraquinones and naphthaquinones used in these experiments were more effective than the monocyclic quinone. The 50% suppression dose was less than 12.5 micrograms/ml for them. The number of OH groups seemed to play an important role in the degree of the cell growth inhibition: anthraquinones with 2 or 3 OH groups were more effective than those with no OH group like, 9,10-dioxoanthracene and xanthone. In fact, anthraquinones with no OH group and xanthone were not significantly effective. Flow cytometric histograms revealed a specific pattern; that is, lawsone and juglone in the naphthaquinone group and alizarin and 1,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone in the anthraquinone group blocked mainly the S phase, and emodin in the anthraquinone group blocked the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle.
An efficient method to isolate yeast genes causing overexpression‐mediated growth arrest (1995)

In order to characterize new yeast genes regulating cell proliferation, a number of overexpression-sensitive clones have been isolated from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cDNA library in a multicopy vector under the control of the GAL1 promoter, on the basis of growth arrest phenotype under galactose-induction conditions. Thirteen of the independent clones isolated in this way correspond to previously known genes (predominantly coding for morphogenesis-related proteins or for multifunctional transcriptional factors), while the remaining 11 independent clones represent new genes with unknown functions. The more stringent conditions employed in this screening compared with previous ones that also employed a dominant genetics approach to isolate overexpression-sensitive genes has allowed us to extend the number of yeast genes that exhibit this phenotype. The effect of overexpression of MCM1 (whose product participates in the regulation of a number of apparently unrelated cellular functions) has been studied in more detail. Galactose-induced overexpression of MCM1 leads to rapid growth arrest at the G1 or S cell cycle stages, with many morphologically-abnormal cells. Several of the other clones also exhibit a G1 arrest terminal phenotype when overexpressed.
A Sequential Bounding Approach for Optimal Appointment Scheduling (2003)

This study is concerned with the determination of optimal appointment times for a sequence of jobs with uncertain durations. Such appointment systems are used in many customer service applications to increase the utilization of resources, match workload to available capacity, and smooth the flow of customers. We show that the problem can be expressed as a two-stage stochastic linear program that includes the expected cost of customer waiting, server idling, and a cost of tardiness with respect to a chosen session length. We exploit the problem structure to derive upper bounds that are independent of job duration distribution type. These upper bounds are used in a variation of the standard L-shaped algorithm to obtain optimal solutions via successively finer partitions of the support of job durations. We present new analytical insights into the problem as well as a series of numerical experiments that illustrate properties of the optimal solution with respect to distribution type, cost structure, and number of jobs.
The Epidemiology of Traumatic Death (1993)

Despite the proliferation of trauma systems, there are no population-based data describing the epidemiology of traumatic death. To provide these data, we reviewed all trauma deaths occurring in San Diego (California) County during 1 year. There were 625 traumatic deaths during the study (27.3 deaths per 100,000 population per year). Motor vehicle trauma was the most common cause of injury leading to death (N = 344 [55.2%]; 15.0 annual deaths per 100,000 population). Central nervous system injuries were the most common cause of death (48.5%, or 13.2 deaths per 100,000 population per year). Sepsis was responsible for only 2.5% of the overall mortality. Based on life-table data, traumatic death resulted in an annual loss of 1091 years of life per 100,000 and an annual loss of 492 years of productivity per 100,000. Injury continues to account for an enormous loss of life despite improvements in survival wrought by trauma systems.
Facilitating a Secured Status Data Acquisition from Industrial Equipment via NFC (2014)

The advent of initiatives like Industry 4.0 promises increased operational efficiency through smart services and interconnected devices. To enable smart maintenance services for today's and future industrial equipment, regular status information must be transmitted from device customers to maintenance service providers over the Internet. However, simply attaching an industrial device to the Internet often leads to a security and privacy nightmare.
Electrical design methodology of a 407 pin multi-layer ceramic package (2003)

A multilayer ceramic package capable of providing up to 350 I/O connections at a frequency of up to 60 MHz is discussed. The package supports driver risetimes of 1 ns and is compatible with conventional through-hole assembly processes. The critical parameters are propagation delay, ground path inductance, power supply inductance to bypass capacitor, near-end and far-end crosstalk, and the degree of isolation between power supplies. The final design of the package consisted of 12 metallization layers distributed among power, ground and signal-routing planes. Readily available software was used for the design. The design, layout, modeling, and simulation analysis was done on HP 9000 series 300 computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystallization behavior of high‐density polyethylene/linear low‐density polyethylene blend (1992)

Abstract Binary blend of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), prepared by melt mixing in an extruder, in the entire range of blending ratio, is studied for crystallization behavior by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction measurements. Cocrystallization was evident in the entire range of blend composition, from the single‐peak character in both DSC crystallization exotherms and meltingendotherms and the X‐ray diffraction peaks. A detailed analysis of DSC crystallization exotherms revealed a systematic effect of the addition of LLDPE on nucleation rate and the subsequently developed crystalline morphology, which could be distinguished in the three regions of blending ratio, viz, the “HDPE‐rich blend,” “LLDPE‐rich blend,” and the “middle range from 30–70% LLDPE content.” Variations in crystallinity, crystallite size, and d spacing are discussed in terms of differences in molecular structure of the components.
A Review: Point Cloud-Based 3D Human Joints Estimation (2021)

Joint estimation of the human body is suitable for many fields such as human-computer interaction, autonomous driving, video analysis and virtual reality. Although many depth-based researches have been classified and generalized in previous review or survey papers, the point cloud-based pose estimation of human body is still difficult due to the disorder and rotation invariance of the point cloud. In this review, we summarize the recent development on the point cloud-based pose estimation of the human body. The existing works are divided into three categories based on their working principles, including template-based method, feature-based method and machine learning-based method. Especially, the significant works are highlighted with a detailed introduction to analyze their characteristics and limitations. The widely used datasets in the field are summarized, and quantitative comparisons are provided for the representative methods. Moreover, this review helps further understand the pertinent applications in many frontier research directions. Finally, we conclude the challenges involved and problems to be solved in future researches.
A new segment method for segment-based image coding (2005)

A new segment algorithm based on the pixels intensity and spatial information is proposed in this paper. The algorithm has three main steps. The first step is image preprocessing. After the points in the neighborhood of each image pixel are classified, their distributing situation are used to estimate the image pixel's location, in the center or near the boundary of a region. Each pixel's gradient magnitude is adaptively adjusted according to its location. The second step is image segmentation. Watershed transform is performed on the adjusted gradient magnitude image to obtain the initial segmented regions. The last step is regions merging. Pairs of adjacent regions are merged if they have small cost function. For each pair of adjacent regions, the cost function is calculated according to the strength of their shared boundaries, the ratio of smaller region area to shared boundary length, and the homogeneity. Experimental results indicate that this algorithm provides a good segmentation for segment-based image coding.
A Composite System Solution in Elliptic Flow Geometry (1987)

Summary A new well-test analysis technique that can be used in locating the flood-front position during secondary and/or tertiary recovery processes with the data taken on vertically fractured injection wells is described. In the development, an infinite-conductivity vertical fracture was assumed, together with the assumption of a stationary position for the flood front during the testing period.
In vivo BOLD contrast MRI mapping of subcutaneous vascular function and maturation: Validation by intravital microscopy (2001)

Bold contrast MRI was applied for mapping vascular maturation in tumor- and wound-induced skin angiogenesis using the response of mature vessels to hypercapnia (inhalation of air vs. air 5% CO(2)) and the response of all vessels to hyperoxia (air 5% CO(2) vs. oxygen 5% CO(2) (carbogen)). MRI signal enhancement with hypercapnia was reduced in centered vs. linear phase encoding, suggesting increased blood flow. However, intravital microscopy demonstrated constriction of arterioles and reduced flux and density of red blood cells in mature capillaries with hypercapnia, with no change in the diameter of wound-induced neovasculature. The discrepancy in flow between MRI and intravital microscopy is consistent with increased plasma flow and reduced hematocrit. Hyperoxia resulted in increased blood oxygenation and constriction of all vessels. These results provide a hemodynamic explanation for the selective registration of MRI response to hypercapnia with mature vessels and the response to hyperoxia with total vascular function.
Application of an optogenetic byway for perturbing neuronal activity via glial photostimulation (2012)

Dynamic activity of glia has repeatedly been demonstrated, but if such activity is independent from neuronal activity, glia would not have any role in the information processing in the brain or in the generation of animal behavior. Evidence for neurons communicating with glia is solid, but the signaling pathway leading back from glial-to-neuronal activity was often difficult to study. Here, we introduced a transgenic mouse line in which channelrhodopsin-2, a light-gated cation channel, was expressed in astrocytes. Selective photostimulation of these astrocytes in vivo triggered neuronal activation. Using slice preparations, we show that glial photostimulation leads to release of glutamate, which was sufficient to activate AMPA receptors on Purkinje cells and to induce long-term depression of parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses through activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. In contrast to neuronal synaptic vesicular release, glial activation likely causes preferential activation of extrasynaptic receptors that appose glial membrane. Finally, we show that neuronal activation by glial stimulation can lead to perturbation of cerebellar modulated motor behavior. These findings demonstrate that glia can modulate the tone of neuronal activity and behavior. This animal model is expected to be a potentially powerful approach to study the role of glia in brain function.
Zen and the Art of Information Security (2007)

While security is generally perceived to be a complicated and expensive process, Zen and the Art of Information Security makes security understandable to the average person in a completely non-technical, concise, and entertaining format. Through the use of analogies and just plain common sense, readers see through the hype and become comfortable taking very simple actions to secure themselves. Even highly technical people have misperceptions about security concerns and will also benefit from Ira Winkler's experiences making security understandable to the business world. Mr. Winkler is one of the most popular and highly rated speakers in the field of security, and lectures to tens of thousands of people a year. Zen and the Art of Information Security is based on one of his most well received international presentations.
All-pole speech modeling with a maximally pulse-like residual (2005)

Multiple pulse excited linear predictive coding (MPLPC) has recently received a great deal of attention in the literature as an attractive means of speech coding at data rates below 10 Kbits/second. The existing approaches to MPLPC analysis arrive at the parameters for an all-pole model by minimizing the mean squared modeling error before attempting to find a set of pulses to excite the model. The strategy proposed here selects the all-pole parameters to concentrate the model excitation in a finite number of locations. The goal is then to produce a maximally pulse-like residual as a result of the all-pole parameter estimation.
Prediction of Sustained Response to Peginterferon Alfa-2b for Hepatitis B e Antigen–Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Using on-Treatment Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Decline (2010)

PEG-IFN induces a significant decline in serum HBsAg in HBeAg-positive patients. Patients who experience no decline from baseline at week 12 have little chance of achieving a sustained response and no chance of HBsAg loss and should be advised to discontinue therapy with PEG-IFN.
An environment for understanding programs (2003)

The time-consuming task of understanding the program to be maintained is particularly difficult when the code to be understood was not constructed using modern software-engineering techniques or modern programming languages. In such cases, it is difficult for the programmer to navigate through the name, control-flow, and data-flow spaces of the program to try to achieve a sense of function. A system is described that attempts to alleviate many of these problems by capturing, in a database, the name, control-flow, and data-flow relationships defined by an assembler program and providing a viewing environment, context-sensitive program. In the systems' environment, context-sensitive functions are provided to allow navigation of the name, control-flow, and data-flow spaces of the program, so the programmer is free to concentrate on the understanding task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of the murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B gene and its expression by recombinant vaccinia virus (1992)

The gene encoding glycoprotein B (gB) of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) strain Smith was identified, sequenced, and expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. The gB gene was found adjacent to the polymerase gene, as it is in the genome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The open reading frame consists of 2,784 nucleotides capable of encoding a protein of 928 amino acids. Comparison with gB homologs of other herpesviruses revealed a high degree of homology. The similarity between the MCMV gB and the HCMV gB is most prominent, since 45% of the amino acids are identical. In addition, all cysteine residues are at homologous positions, indicating a similar tertiary structure of the two proteins. In contrast to HCMV, the MCMV gB mRNA is a true late transcript. A recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the MCMV gB gene has been constructed (Vac-gB). Antibodies raised against the Vac-gB recombinant precipitated proteins of 130, 105, and 52 kDa from MCMV-infected cells. The identity of the MCMV gB with the major envelope glycoprotein of MCMV described by Loh et al. was shown (L. C. Loh, N. Balachandran, and L. F. Qualtiere, Virology 166:206-216, 1988). Immunization of mice with the Vac-gB recombinant gave rise to neutralizing antibodies.
Robust super-resolution based on pixel-level selectivity (2006)

In this paper, a new technique for robust super-resolution (SR) from compressed video is presented. The proposed method exploits the differences between low-resolution images at the pixel level, in order to determine the usability of every pixel in the low-resolution images for SR enhancement. Only the pixels, from the lowresolution images, that are determined to be usable, are included in the <i>L<sub>2</sub></i>-norm minimization procedure. Three different usability criterions are proposed, maximum distance from the median - MDM, maximum distance from initial image - MDIM, and maximum distance from the SR estimate - MDSRE. The results obtained with real video sequences demonstrate superior quality of the resulting enhanced image in the presence of outliers and same quality without outliers when compared to existing <i>L<sub>2</sub></i>-norm minimization techniques. At the same time, the proposed scheme produces sharper images as compared to <i>L<sub>1</sub></i>-norm minimization techniques.