gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients/ Tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes COVID-19 (2020)

Resumo A Covid-19 e uma doenca respiratoria potencialmente grave causada pelo RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, que apresenta risco aumentado de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV). Sua fisiopatologia esta relacionada a processo inflamatorio exacerbado e a coagulopatia associada, verificada pelo aumento do D-dimero, do fibrinogenio e dos produtos da degradacao da fibrina. Sua ocorrencia deve ser monitorada, prevenida e tratada de acordo com as recomendacoes e diretrizes existentes. Devido a sua associacao com as formas mais graves da doenca e morte, alguns grupos vem propondo uma conduta profilatica e terapeutica mais agressiva. Entretanto, nao existe uma definicao quanto ao risco-beneficio desse tipo de conduta, devendo ser avaliada individualmente e de forma multidisciplinar. Neste estudo, revisamos os principais estudos e evidencias disponiveis ate o momento sobre o diagnostico, profilaxia e recomendacoes de tratamento do TEV em pacientes COVID-19.
Purification of Biorefinery Lignin with Alcohols (2016)

After hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw, a slurry rich in lignin but with a high content of inorganic substances, especially silica, and residual carbohydrates is produced. This slurry was used to develop an ethanol organosolv separation method to produce silica-free lignin fractions. The addition of para toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) and the use of two alternative long-chain alcohols, oleyl alcohol or nonylphenol, were tested. In every reaction, two lignin fractions were produced and their molecular size and elemental composition were characterized. The yield of each fraction and the change in MWD were studied as a function of temperature and solid to liquid ratio. At 100, 150, and 200°C and with the use of PTSA, high-purity lignin fractions were obtained. After lignin fractionation with nonylphenol, a liquid silica-free product with high lignin content was obtained in yields between 17 and 72%.
Monocyte maturation controls expression of equine infectious anemia virus (1994)

In vivo, equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) replicates in tissues rich in macrophages, and it is widely believed that the tissue macrophage is the principal, if not sole, cell within the host that replicates virus. No viral replication has been detected in circulating peripheral blood monocytes. However, proviral DNA can be detected in these cells, and monocytes may serve as a reservoir for the virus. In this study, an in vitro model was developed to clarify the role of monocyte maturation in regulating EIAV expression. Freshly isolated, nonadherent equine peripheral blood monocytes were infected with a macrophage-tropic strain of EIAV, and expression of EIAV was monitored in cells held as nonadherent monocytes and cells allowed to adhere and differentiate into macrophages. A 2- to 3-day delay in viral antigen expression was observed in the nonadherent cells. This restriction of viral expression in monocytes was supported by nuclear run-on studies demonstrating that on day 5 postinfection, the level of actively transcribed viral messages was 4.7-fold lower in monocyte cultures than in macrophage cultures. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified three regions of the U3 enhancer that interacted with nuclear extracts from normal equine macrophages. Each region contained the core binding motif of a family of transcription factors that includes the product of the proto-oncogene ets. Antibodies to the Ets family member PU.1 caused a supershifting of retarded bands in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Transfection studies of ets motif mutants demonstrated that the U3 ets sites were important in the regulation of EIAV transcription in macrophages. Interactions between the ets motif and nuclear extracts from freshly isolated, nonadherent monocytes, macrophages adherent for 1 or 2 days, or macrophages adherent for 5 days gave different patterns of retarded bands, although the binding specificities were similar with all three extracts. The different complexes formed by monocyte and macrophage nuclear extracts may explain the enhanced ability of mature macrophages to support EIAV expression.
Blood Substitutes (1996)

Oxygen-carrying volume-expanding solutions that can sustain life in the absence of red blood cells have been developed. Concerns about side effects, sources of hemoglobin, and the ultimate demonstration of efficacy will have to be satisfactorily addressed before anesthesiologists routinely administer such solutions in place of red cells during surgery.
HaploReg: a resource for exploring chromatin states, conservation, and regulatory motif alterations within sets of genetically linked variants (2011)

The resolution of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is limited by the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure of the population being studied. Selecting the most likely causal variants within an LD block is relatively straightforward within coding sequence, but is more difficult when all variants are intergenic. Predicting functional non-coding sequence has been recently facilitated by the availability of conservation and epigenomic information. We present HaploReg, a tool for exploring annotations of the non-coding genome among the results of published GWAS or novel sets of variants. Using LD information from the 1000 Genomes Project, linked SNPs and small indels can be visualized along with their predicted chromatin state in nine cell types, conservation across mammals and their effect on regulatory motifs. Sets of SNPs, such as those resulting from GWAS, are analyzed for an enrichment of cell type-specific enhancers. HaploReg will be useful to researchers developing mechanistic hypotheses of the impact of non-coding variants on clinical phenotypes and normal variation. The HaploReg database is available at http://compbio.mit.edu/HaploReg.
An efficient location and routing scheme for mobile computing environments (1995)

One of the most important issues affecting host mobility is the location and routing scheme that allows hosts to move seamlessly from one site to another. This paper presents a method that exploits the locality properties of a host's pattern of movement and access history. Two concepts, "local region" and "patron service" are introduced based on the locality features. For each mobile host, the local region is a set of designated subnetworks within which a mobile host often moves, and the patrons are the hosts from which the majority of traffic for the mobile host originated. These are used to confine the effects of a host moving, so location updates are sent only to its local area, and to those source hosts which are most likely to call again. Our scheme has the advantages of limiting location updates, and providing optimal routing, while increasing network and host scalability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Articular Chondrocytes by Biodegradable Polymers (2001)

Biodegradable polymers are attractive candidates for chondrocyte embedding and transplantation in cartilage tissue engineering. In an attempt to determine the effects of a variety of biodegradable materials on cartilage proliferation and extracellular matrix production, poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) with a molecular weight of 5,000, polyglycolic acid (PGA) with a molecular weight of 3,000, and copolymer of poly(L-lactic acid-glycolic acid) 50:50 (PLGA) with a molecular weight of 5,000, were dissolved in DMSO and added into the medium for 4 weeks in in vitro high-density micromass culture of multiplied human articular chondrocytes (HAC). PLLA with a molecular weight of 270,000 (PLAO3) was used as thin film. Cell proliferation and differentiation in these biomaterials were compared with tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) as a control. Alamar blue and alcian blue staining were carried out to determine the chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, respectively. Samples exposed to these biomaterials promoted cell proliferation in the range of 86-105% of the control proliferation, and a slight but significant increase in cell proliferation was noted only in the culture exposed to PLGA. The sample exposed to PGA elicited a significant 3.7-fold higher (p < 0.01) cell differentiation than controls and was significantly higher than that of the samples exposed to PLLA, PLAO3, and PLGA. After 4 weeks of culture, the cell differentiation from most to least was in the following order PGA > PLAO3 > PLGA = PLLA > Cont. = DMSO. Chondrocyte differentiation of the samples exposed to various biomaterials were significantly higher compared with controls. Thus, serially passage chondrocytes are competent for cell growth and quantifiable matrix production, and biodegradable polymers, especially PGA, hold promise as suitable substrates for scaffolding materials for human cartilage tissue engineering.
Variant Callers for Next-Generation Sequencing Data: A Comparison Study (2013)

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been leading the genetic study of human disease into an era of unprecedented productivity. Many bioinformatics pipelines have been developed to call variants from NGS data. The performance of these pipelines depends crucially on the variant caller used and on the calling strategies implemented. We studied the performance of four prevailing callers, SAMtools, GATK, glftools and Atlas2, using single-sample and multiple-sample variant-calling strategies. Using the same aligner, BWA, we built four single-sample and three multiple-sample calling pipelines and applied the pipelines to whole exome sequencing data taken from 20 individuals. We obtained genotypes generated by Illumina Infinium HumanExome v1.1 Beadchip for validation analysis and then used Sanger sequencing as a "gold-standard" method to resolve discrepancies for selected regions of high discordance. Finally, we compared the sensitivity of three of the single-sample calling pipelines using known simulated whole genome sequence data as a gold standard. Overall, for single-sample calling, the called variants were highly consistent across callers and the pairwise overlapping rate was about 0.9. Compared with other callers, GATK had the highest rediscovery rate (0.9969) and specificity (0.99996), and the Ti/Tv ratio out of GATK was closest to the expected value of 3.02. Multiple-sample calling increased the sensitivity. Results from the simulated data suggested that GATK outperformed SAMtools and glfSingle in sensitivity, especially for low coverage data. Further, for the selected discrepant regions evaluated by Sanger sequencing, variant genotypes called by exome sequencing versus the exome array were more accurate, although the average variant sensitivity and overall genotype consistency rate were as high as 95.87% and 99.82%, respectively. In conclusion, GATK showed several advantages over other variant callers for general purpose NGS analyses. The GATK pipelines we developed perform very well.
Function and cell distribution of KC-1, a novel natural killer cell-associated antigen. (1986)

Natural killer (NK) cell have been implicated in immune responses to tumor and viral antigens. We describe here a monoclonal antibody, anti-KC-1, that blocks lysis of NK targets by fresh but not activated NK cells. Anti-KC-1 has no effect on cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity or on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This antibody may be useful in the analysis of NK cell activation and the mechanism of lysis.
Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Panjab University Library. Vol. II. pp. xvii, 292, 65. Lahore, 1941. - La Somme du Grand Véhicule d'Asaṅga (Mahāyānasaṃgraha). Par Étienne Lamotte. Tome I: versions tibétaine et chinoise (Hiuan-tsang), fascicule 2 (chapitres III à X). Tome II: traduction et commentaire, fascicule 2 (chàpitres III–X.). (Bibliothèque du <i>Muséon</i> 7). pp. 49–99, X, 153–345, 25–72. Louvain: Bureaux du Muséon, 1939. - Vasanta Vilāsa, an Old Gujarātī Phāgu. Edited With a Critical Introduction and Explanatory and Philological Notes by Kantilal B. Vyas, M.A.… With a foreword by Muni Sree Jinavijayaji. pp. lxxvi, 90, 1 pl Bombay: N. M. Tripathi and co., 1942. (1944)

Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Panjab University Library. Vol. II. pp. xvii, 292, 65. Lahore, 1941. - La Somme du Grand Véhicule d'Asaṅga (Mahāyānasaṃgraha). Par Étienne Lamotte. Tome I: versions tibétaine et chinoise (Hiuan-tsang), fascicule 2 (chapitres III à X). Tome II: traduction et commentaire, fascicule 2 (chàpitres III–X.). (Bibliothèque du Muséon 7). pp. 49–99, X, 153–345, 25–72. Louvain: Bureaux du Muséon, 1939. - Vasanta Vilāsa, an Old Gujarātī Phāgu. Edited With a Critical Introduction and Explanatory and Philological Notes by Kantilal B. Vyas, M.A.… With a foreword by Muni Sree Jinavijayaji. pp. lxxvi, 90, 1 pl Bombay: N. M. Tripathi and co., 1942. - Volume 11 Issue 2
Technology Evaluation of future IPTV Services (2009)

The next home entertainment platform to receive an upgrade is the television. As one of the most important devices in the home today the struggle to provide TVs successor continues. On its journey through the modern world the Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) provides new technology, cheaper transmissions and a better TV experience. Telefonaktiebolaget L. M. Ericsson, being a major part of the telecom industry provides underlying technology for IPTV as well as end-user solutions via service providers. Ericsson is looking towards the future in an effort to improve IPTV as a platform for end-users. This thesis aims to evaluate Ericsson’s current IPTV solution towards the new services that the platform will provide. The thesis sets out to find a new service designed to take advantage of the technology of the platform and meet the needs of the customers with interactivity and personalization. The resulting service then serves as a base for two prototypes implemented using technology provided by Ericsson in an attempt to evaluate the platform as well as to demonstrate requirements for how future services should be designed. From the implementation of the prototypes the thesis reveals potential issues with the current platform in regard to future services. Such problems include the complexity in how more advanced services are developed and the need for in-house knowledge to create them. Ways to solve the problems on different levels are presented, some that adds additional value to the platform in the process. The thesis also presents a way for how to create new services for IPTV called Content Interactive Widgets and how they affect the requirements on the technology.
Decision feedback equalization of the dc null in high-density digital magnetic recording (1978)

The dc null in a digital magnetic recording channel is equalized in a novel way which allows recovery of direct recorded NRZ waveforms with no coding constraints. The technique involves decision feedback equalization which can be implemented with simple <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> filters. Feedback power is determined by the choice of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> and can be optimized independently of the fact of equalization. Measurements on a commercial helical-scan video transport indicate that the harmful effects of a dc null can be greatly reduced; specifically the error rate (excluding dropouts) on a 1023-bit 20-Mbit/sec pseudorandom pattern was reduced from 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> to below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> .
Artificial neural network correction for downwind sail simulations based on experimental results (2009)

A method for reducing errors of downwind sail simulations is presented. This method can be used to improve the results of any simulation making use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models and is particularly useful when simplified CFD models are considered, as in these cases the error of the results achieved can be large. In the present approach, in order to reduce the error the results are corrected by means of the application of neural network based approximations. This correction is carried out by using the results of wind tunnel experiments on downwind sails and by comparing them to numerical ones. To ensure than the sail shape used in both the CFD and the wind tunnel analysis are the same, the shapes achieved under real test conditions have been captured by means of a laser scanner.
Amphiphilic Poly(<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid)/Poly(ethylene glycol)/Poly(<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) Nanogels for Controlled Release of Hydrophobic Drugs (2006)

Photocrosslinked nanogels with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell are successfully fabricated with the goal of obtaining a biocompatible and biodegradable drug carrier for hydrophobic anticancer drugs. These nanogels are composed of amphiphilic triblock copolymers, poly(D,L-lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA-PEG-PLA), with acrylated groups at the end of the PLA segments. The copolymers are synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and possess a low CMC (49.6 mg x L(-1)), which easily helps to form micelles by self-assembly. The acrylated end groups allow the micelles to be photocrosslinked by ultraviolet irradiation, which turn the micelles into nanogels. These nanogels exhibit excellent stability as a suspension in aqueous media at ambient temperature as compared to the micelles. Moreover, the size of the nanogels is easily manipulated in a range of 150 to 250 nm by changing the concentration of crosslinkers, e.g., ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and ultraviolet light irradiation time. The nanogels achieve a high encapsulation efficiency and offer a steady and long-term release mechanism for the hydrophobic anticancer drug, CPT. It shows that these nanogels are useful for a hydrophobic anticancer drug-carrier system. [pictures: see text] Formation of the PLA-PEG-PLA nanogels.
Sequence analysis of proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: Towards an integrated protein database (1990)

Improved technologies or the synergistic use of complementary methods enhance the efficiency of research and permit the exploration of new approaches for the investigation of complex problems. High sensitivity protein sequence analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are such complementary methods. Here we summarize the current status of high sensitivity sequence analysis of proteins separated in polyacrylamide gels and discuss strategies by which this technology can enhance biological research by generating new approaches for the solution of complex, multifacetted problems. Finally, we outline imminent technological advances in the area of high sensitivity protein sequence analysis and argue that further technological developments will ultimately lead to the generation of an integrated protein database (containing structural and functional as well as physiological information in an easily accessible form) of all the proteins separated by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Inhibition of Membrane Complement Inhibitor Expression (CD46, CD55, CD59) by siRNA Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Complement Attack In Vitro (2010)

The efficacy of cancer-immunotherapy with complement-activating monoclonal antibodies is limited by over-expression of one or more membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs: CD46, CD55, CD59) on the surface of neoplastic cells. In this study we designed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for posttranscriptional gene knock down of CD46, CD55 and CD59 aiming at to sensitize tumor cells to complement attack and thereby to better exploit complement for tumor cell destruction. Tumor cell lines of different origin, such as Du145 (prostate), BT474 (breast) and K562 (erythroleukemia) were selected for the study. FACS-analysis demonstrated that siRNA anti-CD46(301) reduced CD46 protein expression up to 80%, siRNA anti-CD55(255) diminished CD55 protein expression up to 49%, and CD59 protein expression was inhibited up to 82% by siRNA anti-CD59(1339). Time course experiments revealed a long-lasting silencing effect with >50% complement regulator inhibition up to day 13. Upon mCRP knock down, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was augmented by 20-30% for CD46, by up to 24% for CD55 and by up to 55% for CD59. The combined inhibition of all three inhibitors further enhanced CDC by up to 66%. Dependent on the cell line, CD46 and CD55 downregulation increased significantly C3 ospsonization, which is known to support cell-mediated defense mechanisms. mCRP blocking antibodies were only partly able to further augment the tumor cells' susceptibility to complement lysis. Thus, siRNA-induced inhibition of complement regulator expression clearly sensitizes malignant cells to complement attack and, if specifically targeted to the tumor, appears suited as adjuvant to improve antibody-based cancer immunotherapy.
Effect of Ingested Culture of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 on Fecal Microflora and Stool Frequency in Healthy Females (2002)

The effect of the ingested culture of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 that produced bifidogenic growth stimulator (BGS) on stool frequency and quantity was investigated in 41 young healthy women in a randomized double-blind crossover study. The fecal samples of 7 of these 41 subjects were analyzed to study the modification of intestinal microflora by BGS. The results were compared with the effects of an ingested placebo tablet. The ratio of bifidobacteria population (%) to total bacteria population during the BGS-tablet intake period was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in comparison with that during the placebo tablet intake period. There were no significant differences in fecal pH and water contentduring the experimental periods. However, the putrefactive metabolites, namely, fecal indole and skatole concentration, of the BGS-tablet intake period significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in comparison with those of the placebo tablet period. The stool quantity of the BGS-tablet intake period was slightly higher (p = 0.083) than that of the nonintake period. Moreover, the stool frequency of the BGS-tablet intake period chosen from those originally with lower frequency (≤ 4 times/week) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the placebo tablet intake period. These results show that the ingestion of P. freudenreichii ET-3 culture increases the number of defecations of constipated females, indicating an improvement of intestinal microflora.
Discrete wavelet transform for image compression: a hardware approach (1999)

In the last few years, there has been a great deal of effort invested in the fields of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) by the scientific community. DWT associated with vector quantization has been proved to be an invaluable tool for image compression. The DWT, however, is very computationally intensive process. There is a need to investigate innovative and computationally efficient architectures to obtain the image compression in real time. In this paper, we present a novel, robust, and regular architecture to implement the DWT for image compression. Beside the performance, the architecture takes into account data format, power, hardware cost and scalability issues rising form realistic operating conditions.