gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Germline and somatic cancer-associated mutations in the ATP-binding motifs of PTEN influence its subcellular localization and tumor suppressive function (2009)

Germline and somatic PTEN mutations are found in Cowden syndrome (CS) and multiple sporadic malignancies, respectively. PTEN function appears to be modulated by subcellular compartmentalization, and mislocalization may affect function. We have shown that cellular ATP levels affect nuclear PTEN levels. Here, we examined the ATP-binding capabilities of PTEN and functional consequences, relevant to cancer-associated mutations. PTEN mutation analysis of CS patients and sporadic colorectal carcinomas and comparative aminoacid analysis were utilized to identify mutations in ATP-binding motifs. The ability of wild-type (WT) or mutant PTEN to bind ATP was assessed by ATP-agarose-binding assays. Subcellular fractionation, western blotting, confocal microscopy and growth assays were used to determine relative nuclear-cytoplasmic localization and function. Somatic colorectal carcinoma-derived PTEN missense mutations were associated with nuclear mislocalization. These mutations altered cellular proliferation, apoptosis and anchorage-dependent growth. Examination of PTEN's amino acid sequence revealed these mutations resided in previously undescribed ATP-binding motifs (c.60-73; c.122-136). In contrast to WT PTEN, both cancer-associated somatic and germline-derived PTEN missense mutations, which lie within the ATP-binding motifs, result in mutant PTEN that does not bind ATP efficiently. We also show that CS patients with germline ATP-binding motif-mutations had nuclear PTEN mislocalization. Of four unrelated patients with functional germline ATP-binding domain mutations, all three female patients had breast cancers. Germline and somatic mutations within PTEN's ATP-binding domain play important pathogenic roles in both heritable and sporadic carcinogenesis by PTEN nuclear mislocalization resulting in altered signaling and growth. Manipulation of ATP may represent novel therapies in tumors with such PTEN alterations.
Estimation of the Free Space in Front of a Moving Vehicle (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">There are more and more systems emerging making use of measurements from a forward looking radar and a forward looking camera. It is by now well known how to exploit this data in order to compute estimates of the road geometry, tracking leading vehicles, etc. However, there is valuable information present in the radar concerning stationary objects, that is typically not used. The present work shows how radar measurements of stationary objects can be used to obtain a reliable estimate of the free space in front of a moving vehicle. The approach has been evaluated on real data from highways and rural roads in Sweden.</div>
Thermally induced core-shell type hydrogel beads having interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure (1998)

Monodisperse hydrogel beads composed of calcium alginate and crosslinked polyNIPAAm (N-isopropylacrylamide) were synthesized based on a simultaneous interpenetrating network process. With increasing the temperature above the phase transition temperature of polyNIPAAm, a core-shell type of hydrogel beads was developed; polyNIPAAm-enriched core region and Ca-alginate-enriched outer shell layer were observed. The thermally reversible formation of the core-shell double structure in the IPN hydrogel beads was applied for the temperature modulated drug release using indomethacin as a model drug.
The therapeutic potential of agents that inactivate myostatin (2005)

Myostatin is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of secreted growth factors. A lack of functional myostatin or inhibition of the normal myostatin function results in an increased muscling phenotype and, conversely, the systemic administration of myostatin results in muscle wasting. Thus, myostatin is well established as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Myostatin binds to cell-surface receptors to inhibit both the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Moreover, it functions to regulate both embryonic and post-natal musculature. Thus, potential antagonists to myostatin, whether targeting myostatin synthesis, secretion or receptor binding, show great promise as therapies against muscle-wasting diseases. This review provides an expert opinion on the biology and potential of myostatin antagonists in the treatment of muscle-wasting disorders.
Serum glycan-binding IgG antibodies in HIV-1 infection and during the development of broadly neutralizing responses (2017)

HIV-1 infection is associated with elevated levels of IgG antibodies to specific glycans. Furthermore, some antiglycan IgG antibodies were more abundant in individuals with bNAbs, suggesting a unique phenotype that may be informative for HIV vaccine design.
The Design of a Dynamic Emergency Response Management Information System (DERMIS) (2004)

This paper systematically develops a set of general and supporting design principles and specifications for a âDynamic Emergency Response Management Information Systemâ (DERMIS) by identifying design premises resulting from the use of the âEmergency Management Information System and Reference Indexâ (EMISARI) and design concepts resulting from a comprehensive literature review. Implicit in crises of varying scopes and proportions are communication and information needs that can be addressed by todayâs information and communication technologies. However, what is required is organizing the premises and concepts that can be mapped into a set of generic design principles in turn providing a framework for the sensible development of flexible and dynamic Emergency Response Information Systems. A framework is presented for the system design and development that addresses the communication and information needs of first responders as well as the decision making needs of command and control personnel. The framework also incorporates thinking about the value of insights and information from communities of geographically dispersed experts and suggests how that expertise can be brought to bear on crisis decision making. Historic experience is used to suggest nine design premises. These premises are complemented by a series of five design concepts based upon the review of pertinent and applicable research. The result is a set of eight general design principles and three supporting design considerations that are recommended to be woven into the detailed specifications of a DERMIS. The resulting DERMIS design model graphically indicates the heuristic taken by this paper and suggests that the result will be an emergency response system flexible, robust, and dynamic enough to support the communication and information needs of emergency and crisis personnel on all levels. In addition it permits the development of dynamic emergency response information systems with tailored flexibility to support and be integrated across different sizes and types of organizations. This paper provides guidelines for system analysts and designers, system engineers, first responders, communities of experts, emergency command and control personnel, and MIS/IT researchers.
Retargetable compilers and architecture exploration for embedded processors (2005)

Retargetable compilers can generate assembly code for a variety of different target processor architectures. Owing to their use in the design of application-specific embedded processors, they bridge the gap between the traditionally separate disciplines of compiler construction and electronic design automation. In particular, they assist in architecture exploration for tailoring processors towards a certain application domain. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art in retargetable compilers for embedded processors. Based on some essential compiler background, several representative retargetable compiler systems are discussed, while also outlining their use in iterative, profiling-based architecture exploration. The LISATek C compiler is presented as a detailed case study, and promising areas of future work are proposed.
Erythropoietin can promote survival of cerebral cells by downregulating Bax gene after traumatic brain injury in rats (2009)

Epo exerts neuroprotective effect against traumatic brain injury via reducing Bax gene expression involved in inhibiting TBI-induced neuronal cell death.
Gouging: Terrorist Attacks, Hurricanes, and the Legal and Economic Aspects of Post-Disaster Price Regulation (2005)

2), (b)(2); 396(b)-(c).57 4-88-303(b)(1); 396(h)(i).58
Detection of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides ovatus in clinical specimens by immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody to B. fragilis lipopolysaccharide (1988)

A total of 1,897 clinical specimens (1,019 aspirates and 876 swabs) were studied by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) with a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) against a D-galactose oligomer of Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharide. The MAb has been shown to react with 96% of clinical B. fragilis isolates and with about 50% of Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolates but not with other aerobic or anaerobic organisms tested. The sensitivity of IF in comparison with culturing was 78.9% for all three species. Of the 32 strains originating from culture-positive, IF-negative specimens, 13 lacked the target determinant for the MAb. Sensitivity was highest with specimens taken from the perineal area (87.1%) and lowest with those taken from undefined sites (56.6%). Sensitivity was better with aspirates (86.8%) than with swabs (72.6%). The specificity of IF was 95.6% for all of the material. Positive and negative predictive values were 51.1 and 98.0%, respectively. Neither long transportation times of specimens nor antimicrobial therapy seemed to correlate with the occurrence of IF-positive, culture-negative specimens. This study shows that a single MAb can be used to establish an IF assay that can complement isolation in the detection of these three members of the B. fragilis group.
Simultaneous Adaptive Least-Squares Subtraction of Multiples (2003)

P193 SIMULTANEOUS ADAPTIVE LEAST-SQUARES SUBTRACTION OF MULTIPLES R. ALÁ’I 1 and D.J. VERSCHUUR 2 Abstract 1 This paper discusses the application of simultaneous adaptive least-squares subtraction of different types of multiples that have been estimated from the original data. In this sequential process the different types of multiples (and their higher order multiples) are being identified in the autocorrelation domain. As different multiple predictions will not be fully independent these estimated multiples are matched simultaneously with those in the original input data (matching in amplitude and phase). This subtraction is realized by finding 1-D convolution filters for each predicted multiple
Polylactic acid is basis of Dow, Cargill venture (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPolylactic acid is basis of Dow, Cargill ventureANN THAYERCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 49, 14–16Publication Date (Print):December 8, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 8 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v075n049.p014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n049.p014newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Organic polymers,Plastics,Polymers Get e-Alerts
P4 probe card-a solution for at-speed, high density, wafer probing (2002)

We introduce a promising new probe card technology the P4 (Photolithographic Pattern Plated Process) probe card-which offers a solution for at-speed wafer probe at high pin count applications. We describe the P4 probe card, highlight some of its features such as its unique construction, which allows it to perform with the robustness of an epoxy-ring probe card on aluminum pads, yet enables high frequency probing up to 9 GHz bandwidth. We present data on the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the P4 probe card such as bandwidth, crosstalk, contact resistance and probe tip force/deflection performance.
Novel keto acid formate‐lyase and propionate kinase enzymes are components of an anaerobic pathway in <i>Escherichia coli</i> that degrades <scp>L</scp>‐threonine to propionate (1998)

An immunological analysis of an Escherichia coli strain unable to synthesize the main pyruvate formate-lyase enzyme Pfl revealed the existence of a weak, cross-reacting 85 kDa polypeptide that exhibited the characteristic oxygen-dependent fragmentation typical of a glycyl radical enzyme. Polypeptide fragmentation of this cross-reacting species was shown to be dependent on Pfl activase. Cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding this protein revealed that it coded for a new enzyme, termed TdcE, which has 82% identity with Pfl. On the basis of RNA analyses, the tdcE gene was shown to be part of a large operon that included the tdcABC genes, encoding an anaerobic threonine dehydratase, tdcD, coding for a propionate kinase, tdcF, the function of which is unknown, and the tdcG gene, which encodes a L-serine dehydratase. Expression of the tdcABCDEFG operon was strongly catabolite repressed. Enzyme studies showed that TdcE has both pyruvate formate-lyase and 2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase activity, whereas the TdcD protein is a new propionate/acetate kinase. By monitoring culture supernatants from various mutants using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we followed the anaerobic conversion of L-threonine to propionate. These studies confirmed that 2-ketobutyrate, the product of threonine deamination, is converted in vivo by TdcE to propionyl-CoA. These studies also revealed that Pfl and an as yet unidentified thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme(s) can perform this reaction. Double null mutants deficient in phosphotransacetylase (Pta) and acetate kinase (AckA) or AckA and TdcD were unable to metabolize threonine to propionate, indicating that propionyl-CoA and propionyl-phosphate are intermediates in the pathway and that ATP is generated during the conversion of propionyl-P to propionate by AckA or TdcD.
Nuclear Oxygen Sensing: Induction of Endogenous Prolyl-hydroxylase 2 Activity by Hypoxia and Nitric Oxide (2008)

The abundance of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor is regulated through hydroxylation of its alpha-subunits by a family of prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD1-3). Enzymatic activity of these PHDs is O2-dependent, which enables PHDs to act as cellular O2 sensor enzymes. Herein we studied endogenous PHD activity that was induced in cells grown under hypoxia or in the presence of nitric oxide. Under such conditions nuclear extracts contained much higher PHD activity than the respective cytoplasmic extracts. Although PHD1-3 were abundant in both compartments, knockdown experiments for each isoenzyme revealed that nuclear PHD activity was only due to PHD2. Maximal PHD2 activity was found between 120 and 210 microm O2. PHD2 activity was strongly decreased below 100 microm O2 with a half-maximum activity at 53 +/- 13 microm O2 for the cytosolic and 54 +/- 10 microm O2 for nuclear PHD2 matching the physiological O2 concentration within most cells. Our data suggest a role for PHD2 as a decisive oxygen sensor of the hypoxia-inducible factor degradation pathway within the cell nucleus.
Flagellar photoresponses ofptx1, a nonphototactic mutant ofChlamydomonas (1997)

Phototaxis in wild-type Chlamydomonas cells is probably the result of four single photoresponses in the flagella, inverse in the cis (near the eyespot) and in the trans flagellum and also inverse by step-up (increase of) and step-down (decrease of) light stimulation as experienced by the eyespot during rotation of the cell [Rüffer and Nultsch, 1991: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 18:269-278]. Two inverse sets of the four responses are supposed to be the cause for positive and negative phototaxis. The relevant flagellar responses consist of shifts of the front amplitude of the breaststroke beats. As single flagellar responses cannot be called "phototactic" they are termed "breaststroke flagellar photoresponses." The mutant strain ptx1 is defective in phototaxis but displays photoshocks [Horst and Witman, 1993: J. Cell Biol. 120:733-741]. Analysis of flagellar beat patterns in high-speed records of ptx1 cells held on micropipettes shows that breaststroke flagellar photoresponses exist in this mutant in spite of the loss of phototaxis. It is the cis/trans differentiation that is lost in ptx1: both flagella always respond in the same way and not inversely as in wild-type cells. Equal shifts of beat amplitude cannot cause a turn of the cell, which explains why phototaxis is not seen in ptx1 and supports the model suggested for positive and negative phototactic steering. In wild-type cells front amplitude changes are connected with beat period changes, which also occur in ptx1 cells and suggest that both flagella respond like wild-type trans flagella. Divergencies in the shock response of ptx1 cells, beat period reduction, and coordination changes may support the notion that cis flagellar specialization is lost and that ptx1 possesses, so to speak, two trans and no cis flagellum. Therefore, the mutant strain ptx1 might be useful for studying molecular and functional peculiarities of the two flagella.
A synonymous mutation in <i>TCOF1</i> causes Treacher Collins syndrome due to mis‐splicing of a constitutive exon (2009)

Interpretation of the pathogenicity of sequence alterations in disease-associated genes is challenging. This is especially true for novel alterations that lack obvious functional consequences. We report here on a patient with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) found to carry a previously reported mutation, c.122C > T, which predicts p.A41V, and a novel synonymous mutation, c.3612A > C. Pedigree analysis showed that the c.122C > T mutation segregated with normal phenotypes in multiple family members while the c.3612A > C was de novo in the patient. Analysis of TCOF1 RNA in lymphocytes showed a transcript missing exon 22. These results show that TCS in the patient is due to haploinsufficiency of TCOF1 caused by the synonymous de novo c.3612A > C mutation. This study highlights the importance of clinical and pedigree evaluation in the interpretation of known and novel sequence alterations.
Hydrologic communications experiment on the Applications Technology Satellite /ATS-1/ (1969)

Digital river and rainfall data automatic transmission from remote hydrologic platforms via ATS-1, studying system economic and technological feasibility
Efficient and accurate analytical modeling of whole-program data cache behavior (2004)

Data caches are a key hardware means to bridge the gap between processor and memory speeds, but only for programs that exhibit sufficient data locality in their memory accesses. Thus, a method for evaluating cache performance is required to both determine quantitatively cache misses and to guide data cache optimizations. Existing analytical models for data cache optimizations target mainly isolated perfect loop nests. We present an analytical model that is capable of statically analyzing not only loop nest fragments, but also complete numerical programs with regular and compile-time predictable memory accesses. Central to the whole-program approach are abstract call inlining, memory access vectors, and parametric reuse analysis, which allow the reuse and interference both within and across loop nests to be quantified precisely in a unified framework. Based on the framework, the cache misses of a program are specified using mathematical formulas and the miss ratio is predicted from these formulas based on statistical sampling techniques. Our experimental results using kernels and whole programs indicate accurate cache miss estimates in a substantially shorter amount of time (typically, several orders of magnitude faster) than simulation.
The origins of electrical precipitation (1963)

This is an account of the development of the art of electrical precipitation from the efforts of the early electrical pioneers to its present fruition as a going industry and a heavily endowed research organization. Its development once again points up the role that curiosity for its own sake plays in the growth of science and technology
Lipid A binding sites in membranes of macrophage tumor cells. (1988)

Lipopolysaccharide affects a variety of eukaryotic cells and mammalian organisms. These actions are involved in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative septicemia. Many of the actions of lipopolysaccharide are believed to be caused by its active moiety, lipid A. Our laboratory has previously identified a bioactive lipid A precursor, termed lipid IVA (Raetz, C. R. H., Purcell, S., Meyer, M. V., Qureshi, N., and Takayama, K. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 16080-16888), which can be labeled with 32P of high specific activity and purified. In this work we have used the labeled probe, 4'-32P-lipid IVA, to develop a novel assay for the specific binding of lipid IVA to whole cells. We have also demonstrated its use in a ligand blotting assay of immobilized cellular proteins. Using the whole cell assay, we show that 4'-32P-lipid IVA specifically binds to RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cultured cells. The binding is saturable, is inhibited with excess unlabeled lipid IVA, and is proteinase K-sensitive. It displays cellular and pharmacological specificity. Using the ligand blotting assay, we show that several RAW 264.7 cell proteins can bind 4'-32P-lipid IVA. The two principal binding proteins have Mr values of 31 and 95 kDa, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fractionation studies indicate that the 31-kDa protein is enriched in the nuclear fraction and may be a histone, whereas the 95-kDa protein is enriched in the membrane fraction. The binding assays that we have developed should lead to a clearer understanding of lipid A/animal cell interactions.