gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRB2 in immature photoreceptors determines the superior-inferior symmetry of the developing retina to maintain retinal structure and function (2018)

The mammalian apical-basal determinant Crumbs homolog-1 (CRB1) plays a crucial role in retinal structure and function by the maintenance of adherens junctions between photoreceptors and Müller glial cells. Patients with mutations in the CRB1 gene develop retinal dystrophies, including early-onset retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis. Previously, we showed that Crb1 knockout mice developed a slow-progressing retinal phenotype at foci in the inferior retina, although specific ablation of Crb2 in immature photoreceptors leads to an early-onset phenotype throughout the retina. Here, we conditionally disrupted one or both alleles of Crb2 in immature photoreceptors, on a genetic background lacking Crb1, and studied the retinal dystrophies thereof. Our data showed that disruption of one allele of Crb2 in immature photoreceptors caused a substantial aggravation of the Crb1 phenotype in the entire inferior retina. The photoreceptor layer showed early-onset progressive thinning limited to the inferior retina, although the superior retina maintained intact. Surprisingly, disruption of both alleles of Crb2 in immature photoreceptors further aggravated the phenotype. Throughout the retina, photoreceptor synapses were disrupted and photoreceptor nuclei intermingled with nuclei of the inner nuclear layer. In the superior retina, the ganglion cell layer appeared thicker because of ectopic nuclei of photoreceptors. In conclusion, the data suggest that CRB2 is required to maintain retinal progenitor and photoreceptor cell adhesion and prevent photoreceptor ingression into the immature inner retina. We hypothesize, from these animal models, that decreased levels of CRB2 in immature photoreceptors adjust retinitis pigmentosa because of the loss of CRB1 into Leber congenital amaurosis phenotype.
Amid‐ und Ester‐amid‐Bildung zwischen carbonsäurechloriden und Mono‐, Di‐ und Triäthanolamin (1949)

Abstract Carbonsäurechloride reagieren mit Mono‐ sowie Diäthanolamin unter Bildung der entsprechenden Carbonsäureamide, während in Gegenwart von Pyridin die Reaktion weitergeht und auch die Veresterung der OH‐Gruppen erfolgt. Triäthanolamin bildet mit Carbon‐säurechloriden in Gegenwart von Pyridin naturgemäß nur Triäthanol‐amin‐tricarbonsäureester.
Multivalent, High-Relaxivity MRI Contrast Agents Using Rigid Cysteine-Reactive Gadolinium Complexes (2011)

MRI contrast agents providing very high relaxivity values can be obtained through the attachment of multiple gadolinium(III) complexes to the interior surfaces of genome-free viral capsids. In previous studies, the contrast enhancement was predicted to depend on the rigidity of the linker attaching the MRI agents to the protein surface. To test this hypothesis, a new set of Gd-hydroxypyridonate based MRI agents was prepared and attached to genetically introduced cysteine residues through flexible and rigid linkers. Greater contrast enhancements were seen for MRI agents that were attached via rigid linkers, validating the design concept and outlining a path for future improvements of nanoscale MRI contrast agents.
Extended Field Laser Confocal Microscopy (EFLCM): Combining automated Gigapixel image capture with in silicovirtual microscopy (2008)

The observer independent image capture of EFLCM allows quantitative measurements of fluorescence intensities and morphological parameters on a large number of cells. EFLCM therefore bridges the gap between the mainly illustrative fluorescence microscopy and purely quantitative flow cytometry. EFLCM can also be used as high content analysis (HCA) instrument for automated screening processes.
The Role of Gangliosides in Neurodevelopment (2015)

Gangliosides are important components of neuronal cell membranes and it is widely accepted that they play a critical role in neuronal and brain development. They are functionally involved in neurotransmission and are thought to support the formation and stabilization of functional synapses and neural circuits required as the structural basis of memory and learning. Available evidence, as reviewed herein, suggests that dietary gangliosides may impact positively on cognitive functions, particularly in the early postnatal period when the brain is still growing. Further, new evidence suggests that the mechanism of action may be through an effect on the neuroplasticity of the brain, mediated through enhanced synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway.
Control of cardiac output in thyrotoxic calves. Evaluation of changes in the systemic circulation. (1984)

The contribution of peripheral vascular factors to the high output state in thyrotoxicosis was examined in 11 calves treated with daily intramuscular injections of L-thyroxine (200 micrograms/kg) for 12-14 d. Thyroxine treatment increased cardiac output from 14.1 +/- 1.4 to 24.7 +/- 1.4 liters/min (P less than 0.001) and decreased systemic vascular resistance from 562 +/- 65 to 386 +/- 30 dyn-s/cm5 (P less than 0.01). Blood volume was increased from 65 +/- 4 ml/kg in the euthyroid state to 81 +/- 6 ml/kg when the animals were thyrotoxic (P less than 0.05). The role of low peripheral vascular resistance in maintenance of the high output state was evaluated by infusion of phenylephrine at two dosages (2.5 and 4.0 micrograms/kg per min). In the euthyroid state, no significant decrease in cardiac output was observed at either level of pressor infusion. In the thyrotoxic state, the higher dosage of phenylephrine increased peripheral resistance to the euthyroid control level and caused a small (6%) decrease in cardiac output (P less than 0.05). This small decrease in cardiac output probably could be attributed to the marked increase in left ventricular afterload caused by the pressor infusion as assessed from measurements of intraventricular pressure and dimensions. Changes in the venous circulation were evaluated by measurement of mean circulatory filling pressure and the pressure gradient for venous return in six animals during cardiac arrest induced by injection of acetylcholine into the pulmonary artery. Mean circulatory filling pressure increased from 10 +/- 1 mmHg in the euthyroid state to 16 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.01) during thyrotoxicosis, while pressure gradient for venous return increased from 10 +/- 1 to 14 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.02). These changes in venous return curves were not affected significantly by ganglionic blockade with trimethapan (2.0 mg/kg per min) before cardiac arrest. Thus, the high output state associated with thyrotoxicosis is not dependent upon a low systemic vascular resistance, but is associated with increases in blood volume, mean circulatory filling pressure, and pressure gradient for venous return.
The Morphology and Origin of Salt Marshes along the Glaciated Coastline of Maine, USA (1988)

Systematic map and photo surveys of the abundance of tidal marshes, beaches, mudflats, bedrock outcrops, and other physical characteristics of the coastal environments of Maine show that four types of salt marsh can be differentiated on the basis of their origins and geomorphic settings; (1) Back-barrier Marshes; (2) Transitional Marshes; (3) Fluvial Marshes; and (4) Blufftoe Marshes. Transitional Marshes, which form as the ocean breaches freshwater bogs, and Bluff-toe Marshes, which form as the ocean erodes bluffs of glaciomarine sediment, have not previously been described in the literature. The differential development of these various types of marshes depends on sediment availability and exposure to wave energy; consequently, they are unevenly distributed along Maine's bedrock-defined coastal compartments. Tidal marshes are relatively scarce in areas of high (> 6m) tidal range that are experiencing rapid rates of sea-level rise, and more common in areas where tidal range and rate of sea-level rise are low. Maine's salt marshes may contribute large quantities of peat to nearshore environments today, as they erode on their seaward margins. However, their future is uncertain because coastal development and other human activities may influence their landward displacement and alter the tidal regime of the Gulf of Maine.
Increased In Vitro Interleukin-12 Production by Peripheral Blood in High-Risk IDDM First Degree Relatives (1997)

Cytokines secreted by antigen presenting cells, lymphocytes T and pancreatic beta cells are considered as the major mediators in the pathogenesis of IDDM. It has been suggested that cytokines released by macrophages/monocytes could have an initial role in beta-cell damage. The aim of the present study was the estimation of in vitro production of macrophage-derived cytokines: IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-12 by peripheral blood in high risk IDDM first degree relatives, since it could reflect early events leading to the development of type 1 diabetes in humans. The study was performed in 25 high risk IDDM subjects and 21 age and sex-matched healthy controls. IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-12 concentrations in supernatants of whole blood cultures with PHA (10 micrograms/ml) were quantified by ELISA. In the ICA positive relatives of IDDM subjects levels of IL-12 were significantly higher as compared with the control group, both at 48 h (p < 0.02) and at 72 h (p < 0.05) of incubation and positively correlated with TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta (R = 0.46, p < 0.02 and R = 0.32, p < 0.05). We did not observe statistical differences in in vitro production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta between the study groups. In conclusion we suggest that our findings support the hypothesis, that IL-12 is involved in the pathogenesis of human IDDM. If the involvement of Th1 cells is confirmed in the destruction of islet beta-cells, it is possible that IL-12 antagonists will have a role in the future prevention of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Research Guides : Data Resources and Statistics for Legal Research: Data Visualization (2016)

This guide includes links to online sources for gathering data focusing in particular on government datasets. #governmentdata #statistics #datavisualizations #legalresearch
Antisense oligonucleotide–mediated ataxin-1 reduction prolongs survival in SCA1 mice and reveals disease-associated transcriptome profiles (2018)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited ataxia caused by expansion of a translated CAG repeat encoding a glutamine tract in the ataxin-1 (ATXN1) protein. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of SCA1, there are still no therapies to alter its progressive fatal course. RNA-targeting approaches have improved disease symptoms in preclinical rodent models of several neurological diseases. Here, we investigated the therapeutic capability of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting mouse Atxn1 in Atxn1154Q/2Q-knockin mice that manifest motor deficits and premature lethality. Following a single ASO treatment at 5 weeks of age, mice demonstrated rescue of these disease-associated phenotypes. RNA-sequencing analysis of genes with expression restored to WT levels in ASO-treated Atxn1154Q/2Q mice was used to demonstrate molecular differences between SCA1 pathogenesis in the cerebellum and disease in the medulla. Finally, select neurochemical abnormalities detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vehicle-treated Atxn1154Q/2Q mice were reversed in the cerebellum and brainstem (a region containing the pons and the medulla) of ASO-treated Atxn1154Q/2Q mice. Together, these findings support the efficacy and therapeutic importance of directly targeting ATXN1 RNA expression as a strategy for treating both motor deficits and lethality in SCA1.
Principles of communications satellites (1994)

Introduction to Link Budgets Orbits for Communications Satellites Radio Frequencies Modulation, Multiplexing, and Multiple Access Antennas Power, EIRP, and Illumination Transmission Losses and Power Flux Density Receivers and Noise Temperatures System Performance Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Electric Power Spacecraft Attitude Propulsion Structure Thermal Control Spacecraft Testing Reliability Index.
Iron(II) bipyridyl-branched polyoxazoline complex as a thermally reversible hydrogel (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIron(II) bipyridyl-branched polyoxazoline complex as a thermally reversible hydrogelYoshiki Chujo, Kazuki Sada, and Takeo SaegusaCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 24, 6315–6319Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00076a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00076a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views785Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alignment of Dispersed Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Low Strength AC Electrical Fields (2005)

The possibilities to use electricity as a tool to induce alignment of multiwall carbon nanotubes suspended in water with help of a non-ionic surfactant have been investigated. Several different experiments were made using various field strengths and frequencies of 15-140 V/cm and 0.1-500 Hz respectively. The experiments were recorded by filming the processes through a reflected light microscope. Each movie is between 15-45 seconds long and is adequate to estimate orientation rates and alignment directions. It was observed that the alignment rate increased with increasing field strength and that the system is less sensitive at lower frequencies. Both field strength and frequency can be used to control the speed and degree of orientation. At low frequencies, the suspension is forced to oscillate in a pumping fashion between the electrodes. The nanotubes are forced to align with the fluid streamlines rather than with the field lines. At higher frequencies, the oscillation ceases. Alignment rate increases with increasing field strengths. The MWNTs are fully aligned in less than 1 s for an electrical field > or = 70 V/cm and frequency > 20 Hz. A similar experiment was carried out for a non-ideal MWNT/H2O dispersion system. It was observed that the MWNTs aligned in the same fashion as before but after a few minutes a transition occurred. The MWNTs moved quickly towards each other and a network consisting of mainly aligned MWNTs was created. The MWNT movement slowed down after the network had branched out to connect the electrodes. The alignment of CNTs in an applied electrical field seems to be an efficient, quick, and cheap method with many advantages. The method opens doors to many interesting and exciting possibilities for production of novel materials with unique properties. Both alignment of separated MWNTs and the creation of aligned MWNTs in networks are of interest from an engineering point of view.
Noninvasive ventilation and the upper airway: should we pay more attention? (2013)

In an effort to reduce the complications related to invasive ventilation, the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has increased over the last years in patients with acute respiratory failure. However, failure rates for NIV remain high in specific patient categories. Several studies have identified factors that contribute to NIV failure, including low experience of the medical team and patient-ventilator asynchrony. An important difference between invasive ventilation and NIV is the role of the upper airway. During invasive ventilation the endotracheal tube bypasses the upper airway, but during NIV upper airway patency may play a role in the successful application of NIV. In response to positive pressure, upper airway patency may decrease and therefore impair minute ventilation. This paper aims to discuss the effect of positive pressure ventilation on upper airway patency and its possible clinical implications, and to stimulate research in this field.
Water Relations and Carbon‐14 Assimilation of Cotton with Different Leaf Morphology<sup>1</sup> (1980)

The purpose of this research was to determine the usefulness of simply inherited genetic differences in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf morphology (normal, laciniate, and superokra) as it relates to drought tolerance or water use efficiency. This initial report describes the leaf water potential components, C0 2 fixation rates, and the rate of loss of assimilated 14 C from various source leaves on plants subjected to soil water stress at select growth stages under glasshouse conditions. No significant genotypic differences were observed in leaf water potential components or in CO 2 fixation rates when the soil water content was near field capacity. Trends did exist for the superokra to be slightly superior to the normaleaf type. Significant differences were observed in both the rate and extent of 14 C loss from different source leaves in the various genotypes. The superokra genotype had the highest activity, whereas the normal leaf genotype was the lowest in activity. As soil water availability began to affect leaf water status, significant genotypic differences existed in all measured physiological parameters. The superokra genotype was able to maintain a more favorable leaf water status through a combination of higher leaf water potential and lower osmotic potentlal than the normal leaf genotypes. Photosynthetic rates were reduced by water stress in all genotypes; however, the magnitude of the reduction varied significantly among the genotypes reflecting specific differences in turgor pressure. The removal of assimilated 14 C from various source leaves subjected to water stress also exhibited significant genotypic differences both in the rate of removal and in the total amount of assimilate removed during a 24‐hour period. As water stress intensified the photosynthetic assimilation of 14 CO 2 was found to be more sensitive than the removal of assimilate from the source leaf. The results of these experiments indicate a possible advantage of altered leaf morphology when cotton leaves are subjected to soil water stress. The benefits of improved water relations and CO 2 assimilatlon to yield in the altered leaf types of cotton remain to be evaluated.
Microcontrollers In Music Hci Instruction: Reflections On Our Switch To The Atmel Avr Platform (2003)

Over the past year the instructors of the Human ComputerInteraction courses at CCRMA have undertaken a technology shift to a much more powerful teaching platform. Wedescribe the technical features of the new Atmel AVR basedplatform, contrasting it with the Parallax BASIC Stampplatform used in the past. The successes and failures ofthe new platform are considered, and some student projectsuccess stories described.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a pivotal role in immunity against<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (2002)

The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exerts a multitude of biological functions. Notably, it induces inflammation at the interface between the immune system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress axis. The role of MIF in infectious diseases is not understood completely. Here, we show that MIF-deficient (MIF(-/-)) knockout mice fail to control an infection with wild-type Salmonella typhimurium. Increased susceptibility was accompanied by a reduced Th1 response, demonstrated by decreased levels of IL-12, IFNgamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In Salmonella-infected MIF(-/-) mice, levels of IL-1beta were markedly increased. Additionally, infected MIF(-/-) mice showed elevated serum levels of nitric oxide and corticosterone as compared with control mice. Our results point to MIF as a key mediator in the host response to S. typhimurium. MIF not only promotes development of a protective Th1 response but ameliorates disease by altering levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates and corticosteroid hormones, which both exert immunosuppressive functions.
Transition-metal-free synthesis of 3-sulfenylated chromones via KIO<sub>3</sub>-catalyzed radical C(sp<sup>2</sup>)–H sulfenylation (2017)

The reactions between <i>o</i>-hydroxylphenyl-functionalized enaminones and sulfonyl hydrazines providing 3-sulfenylated chromones via domino chromone ring construction and C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-H bond sulfenylation have been achieved under transition-metal-free conditions by using KIO<sub>3</sub> as the only catalyst.
Effect of process parameters on the structural characteristics of laterally grown, laser-annealed polycrystalline silicon films (2003)

In this work, we have conducted a systematic study aiming at assessing the effects of process parameters on the microstructural characteristics of laterally grown polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films. Poly-Si films were formed by the sequential lateral solidification (SLS) method. The Si film thickness was found to affect significantly the quality of the poly-Si microstructure, manifested by a decreased crystal-growth defect density and increased subboundary spacing in thicker films. A weak (100) texture was observed in the lateral growth direction, except for very thin films (&lt;30 nm) where (110) texture was observed. No specific texture was identified in the normal and transverse directions. Lateral crystallization proceeds by seeded, lateral epitaxial growth at an advancing pitch. We investigated the quality of lateral growth as a function of the advancing, substrate pitch. We found that an optimum pitch range exists, bound on the low end by the detailed shape of the beam-edge profile and on the high end by the quality of crystal formed under deep, interfacial undercooling. In that sense, only a fraction of the laser beamlet can be effectively used for lateral growth and the process should be tuned towards maximizing this fraction. Thin film transistor data were used to further refine the considerations driving the selection of optimum process parameters for SLS lateral crystallization providing the least sensitivity to process-induced variations.