gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SET: Detecting node clones in sensor networks (2007)

Sensor nodes that are deployed in hostile environments are vulnerable to capture and compromise. An adversary may obtain private information from these sensors, clone and intelligently deploy them in the network to launch a variety of insider attacks. This attack process is broadly termed as a clone attack. Currently, the defenses against clone attacks are not only very few, but also suffer from selective interruption of detection and high overhead (computation and memory). In this paper, we propose a new effective and efficient scheme, called SET, to detect such clone attacks. The key idea of SET is to detect clones by computing set operations (intersection and union) of exclusive subsets in the network. First, SET securely forms exclusive unit subsets among one-hop neighbors in the network in a distributed way. This secure subset formation also provides the authentication of nodes’ subset membership. SET then employs a tree structure to compute non-overlapped set operations and integrates interleaved authentication to prevent unauthorized falsification of subset information during forwarding. Randomization is used to further make the exclusive subset and tree formation unpredictable to an adversary. We show the reliability and resilience of SET by analyzing the probability that an adversary may effectively obstruct the set operations. Performance analysis and simulations also demonstrate that the proposed scheme is more efficient than existing schemes from both communication and memory cost standpoints.
1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF<sub>4</sub>) Ionic Liquid: A Novel and Recyclable Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of <i>vic</i>‐Diamines (2003)

Abstract Aziridines undergo ring opening smoothly with various arylamines in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF 4 ) or 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF 6 ) ionic liquids under mild and neutral conditions to afford the corresponding vicinal ‐diamines in excellent yields with high regioselectivity. The recovered activated ionic liquids are recycled for four to five runs with no loss of activity.
Input mismatch of TE&lt;inf&gt;11&lt;/inf&gt;mode coaxial waveguide feeds (1986)

The reflection characteristics of the TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode in a coaxial waveguide antenna due to mismatch at the radiating aperture are described. Results are presented for conventional coaxial waveguide as well as waveguide whose inner conductor extends beyond the aperture plane. Coaxial wavegulde mismatch is often quite large, particularly for conditions of good pattern symmetry, and some matching is usually required. A broad-band matching technique using annular rings inside the waveguide is described for the case where there is no external conductor. Results presented show excellent agreement between theory and experiment.
Substantial impact on precancerous lesions and HPV infections through 5.5 years in women vaccinated with the HPV-16/18 L1 VLP AS04 candidate vaccine (2007)

4900 Objectives: We have previously shown in a primary efficacy study [580299/001] and its extended follow-up phase (EFU) [580299/007] that the HPV-16/18 L1 VLP AS04 candidate vaccine is immunogenic and provides protection up to 4.5 years against HPV-16/18 incident and persistent infections and associated cytohistological outcomes (1;2). Furthermore, we have shown preliminary evidence of cross-protection against incident infections with oncogenic HPV types 31 and 45, which are not included in the vaccine (1). We report a second interim analysis of the EFU now up to 5.5 years evaluating long-term immunogenicity, vaccine efficacy, and safety. Methods: In the primary efficacy study 1113 women 15-25 years of age in North America and Brazil were randomized to receive 3 doses of HPV vaccine or control (Al[OH]3) on a 0, 1, 6 month schedule and evaluated for up to 27 months. During the EFU phase, 776 original participants who were seronegative for HPV-16 and HPV-18, and DNA negative for 14 high risk HPV types at entry into the primary study, were followed. HPV-16/18 antibody titers were assessed by ELISA. Cervical samples were collected at 6-month intervals and tested for HPV using PCR methods. Cytology was performed annually with colposcopy and biopsy performed according to a management algorithm. Results: During the EFU phase (following the primary efficacy study), ≥98% HPV-16 and HPV-18 seropositivity was maintained and substantial vaccine efficacy (VE, 95% CI) was observed against HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 end points: incident infection (98%, 89-100), 6-month persistent infection (100%, 81-100), 12-month persistent infection (100%, 54-100), and ASCUS or worse cytology (100%, 85-100). In a pooled analysis of the primary study and the EFU phase (a total of 5.5 years of follow-up), VE was 100% (62-100) against HPV-16/18 associated CIN1+ (0 vs 11 cases) and 100% (33-100) against CIN2+ (0 vs 7 cases). VE was 68% (7-91) against CIN2+ lesions independent of HPV status (5 vs 15 cases). Furthermore, we continue to observe substantial cross-protection against incident infection with non-vaccine oncogenic types HPV-45 and HPV-31. Safety data were comparable in both vaccine and placebo groups. Conclusions: Effective cervical cancer prevention through prophylactic HPV vaccination will be dependent on long-term and broad protection against cancer-causing HPV types. Our findings provide evidence that the HPV-16/18 L1 VLP AS04 vaccine candidate is highly efficacious against HPV-16/18 up to 5.5 years, prevents most CIN2+ lesions irrespective of HPV status, and also shows continued cross-protection against HPV-45 and HPV-31 incident infections. (1) Harper et al. Lancet. 2006;367:1247-55. (2) Harper et al. Lancet. 2004;364:1757-65.
[Cromakalim inhibits endothelin-1 induced pulmonary hypertension in rats]. (1998)

There is evidence that endothelin-1 (ET-1) and potassium channel may play an important role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. To evaluate the effect of ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener on pulmonary hypertension induced by ET-1, catheter was inserted into the pulmonary artery in ten male Wistar rats which had had pulmonary hypertension established by infusion of ET-1 (1.5 micrograms/kg), and then cromakalim were injected with a dose of 150 micrograms/kg. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac output (CO) monitored before and after infusion of ET-1, and 1 min, 5 min, 10 min after cromakalim injection, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were calculated. It was found that the mPAP was significantly increased, from 2.36 +/- 0.24 kPa to 3.32 +/- 0.49 kPa(P < 0.01), and PVR also increased, by infusion of ET-1. After cromakalim injection, mPAP were decreased to 2.50 +/- 0.62 kPa in 1 min, 1.14 +/- 0.18 kPa in 5 min and 2.33 +/- 0.52 kPa in 10 min, PVR decreased significantly. It is suggested that there is interaction between ET-1 and potassium Channel, and Cromakalim decreases mPAP in part by inhibiting the response of pulmonary artery to ET-1.
[Significance of the study of the pachymetric index in the evaluation of the process of eye adaptation to contact lenses]. (1989)

The authors have examined the thickness of the cornea in 270 patients with weak and moderate myopia during adaptation of the eye to soft or rigid contact lenses. They have revealed a linear correlation between the period of wearing the lens and the degree of the pachometric index change during adaptation of the eye to contact lenses. The maximum permissible period for daily wearing of contact lenses have been determined, not involving essential shifts in water-salt metabolism of the cornea. Optimal schedules for managing the adaptation process with rigid and soft contact lenses have been developed, based on the regularities of the corneal thickness changes related to the length of the lens wearing.
Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemistry, and EQCM Studies of Polyamidoamine Dendrimers Surface-Functionalized with Polypyridyl Metal Complexes (1999)

Polyamidoamine dendrimers have been surface-modified via peptide coupling with pyridyl, bipyridyl, and terpyridyl ligands to give the analogous polypyridyl dendrimer ligands in high yield. Complexation of the pendant chelating groups with appropriate ruthenium(II) precursor complexes yielded dendrimers surface-functionalized with tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) or bis(terpyridyl)ruthenium(II) pendant complexes. Electrochemical studies of the dendrimer complexes show metal-centered and ligand-centered redox couples. These molecules also adsorb onto platinum electrodes, and the deposition process and the properties of the resulting films have been investigated with the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The resulting films exhibit morphological changes with potential that can be attributed to the deposition or dissolution of the dendrimer and/or to ejection or incorporation of counterions and/or solvent into the film. A number of the electrodeposited films exhibited charge trapping peaks. Dendrimers containing terminal tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) complexes exhibited room-temperature luminescence, while these and dendrimers with terminal bis(terpyridyl)ruthenium(II) complexes exhibited luminescence in a rigid butyronitrile matrix at 77 K.
Multiresolution reconstruction in fan-beam tomography (2002)

In this paper, a new multiresolution reconstruction approach for fan-beam tomography is established. The theoretical development assumes radial wavelets. An approximate reconstruction formula based on a near-radial quincunx multiresolution scheme is proposed. This multiresolution algorithm allows to compute both the quincunx approximation and detail coefficients of an image from its fan-beam projections. Simulations on mathematical phantoms show that wavelet decomposition is acceptable for small beam angles but deteriorates at high angles. The main applications of the method are denoising and wavelet-based image analysis.
Circulating Interferon in Rabbits after Administration of Human Interferon by Different Routes (1973)

SUMMARY Human leucocyte interferon was rapidly cleared from the circulation of rabbits receiving 3 million units intravenously, but the clearance rate was greatly decreased after 1 h. The early half-time was 13 min and the late half-time 73 min. No circulating interferon was detected beyond 6 h. Repeated injections did not affect the clearance rate. Intramuscular injection of 3 million units of human or rabbit interferon maintained a relatively stable interferon level in the serum for 12 h. Higher doses raised the level and prolonged the persistence of circulating interferon. A single intramuscular injection of 30 million units of human interferon maintained a detectable interferon level in the serum for 48 h. Subcutaneous injections resulted in even longer persistence of measurable interferon in the blood. No interferon was detected in the serum after oral administration of 6 million units of human interferon.
Synthesis of .beta.-hexa-, .beta.-hepta-, and .beta.-octaketones (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .beta.-hexa-, .beta.-hepta-, and .beta.-octaketonesPhilip J. Wittek and Thomas M. HarrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 20, 6865–6867Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00801a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00801a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polarization mode dispersion compensation at 10, 20, and 40 Gb/s with various optical equalizers (1999)

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), especially in "old" fibers, is considered harmful for installation and upgrading of trunk lines. An optical PMD equalizer should have several or many differential group delay (DGD) sections with polarization transformers in between which can endlessly transform any input polarization into a principal state of the following DGD section. The sections must practically have fixed DGDs unless there is only one section. The small-signal baseband transfer function for PMD, higher order PMD, and the necessary number of sections as well as their control by the output signals of an electrical filter bank in the receiver are also discussed in this context. Several PMD equalizers have been realized and successfully tested in transmission systems with bit rates of 10, 20, and 40 Gb/s. The systems operated stably with well-opened eye diagrams for DGDs ranging between 0 and 1.7 bit durations. Best performance is obtained from a distributed PMD equalizer with one piece of polarization-maintaining fiber twisted by 64 stepper motors. The principle can also be realized in LiNbO/sub 3/.
A Coded Aperture Gamma Ray Telescope (1982)

A gamma ray telescope is being developed to operate in the energy range 100 keV to 5 MeV utilizing coded aperture imaging. The design incorporates a mask pattern based on a Uniformly Redundant Array (URA), which has been shown to have ideal imaging characteristics. A mask-anti-mask procedure is used to eliminate the effects of any possible systematic variations in detector background rates. The detector array is composed of 35 elements of the high-Z material Bismuth Germanate (BGO). Results of laboratory testing of the imaging properties will be presented. A southern hemisphere balloon flight is planned for 1982 with the goal of observing the 0.511 MeV radiation from the Galactic Center. Computer calculations show that a point source of this radiation can be located to within ±1°.
Vertical Junction Silicon Microdisk Modulators at 25Gb/s (2013)

We demonstrate the first vertical junction microdisk modulator to achieve an open eye diagram at 25Gb/s. The result was achieved using a circularly contacted microdisk with a 3μm radius and a 1.2Vpp drive for ~13fJ/bit.
Histological Markers in Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (1998)

Neuropathological changes such as dystrophic neurites and the presence of abnormal tau protein in the olfactory system, including primary sensory cells and nerve fibres have previously been demonstrated in nasal mucosa tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). These changes were detected in autopsy-derived material from histopathologically confirmed AD cases as well as in biopsy tissue from clinical severely ill AD patients. To investigate the potential usefulness for the early diagnosis of AD, we obtained biopsy tissue from olfactory mucosa from 5 clinically mild to moderate AD patients and stained for the presence of tau or beta-amyloid by immunocytochemistry using a panel of specific antibodies. No positive staining was found in any of the cases. For comparison, post-mortem olfactory tissue from AD patients with severe neuropathological changes (widespread neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid in the brain) was investigated. In these severe cases, tau immunoreactivity was found in fine nerve fibres in the lamina propria and in a few olfactory epithelial cells. These results are consistent with other reports showing that cytoskeletal changes and tau pathology in the olfactory epithelium are not primary (or specific) features of AD and may occur predominantly in late stages of the disease.
Monolayer Formation in the Reduction of Nickel and Silver Ions from the LiCl-KCl Eutectic (1973)

The deposition of nickel and silver on platinum from the eutectic at 400°C has been studied using the chronopotentiometric, cyclic voltammetric, and potential step techniques. An observed predeposition of nickel on platinum was observed to take place at 0.5V anodic to the equilibrium potential between nickel in bulk and the solution of its ions. The predeposition process was studied by an a‐c impedance method and delineated as the formation of an adsorbed monolayer. A similar but less well‐defined predeposition step was observed with silver at 0.1V anodic to the reversible potential. Notwithstanding the predeposition phenomena, diffusion coefficients for both metal ions were determined by each of the voltammetric techniques and found to be in reasonable agreement with each other and with previously reported values.
Optimization of Antitumor Immunotherapy Mediated by Type III Secretion System-based Live Attenuated Bacterial Vectors (2012)

Recently, due to their effective ability to deliver antigen to antigen-presenting cells in vivo, type III secretion system-based attenuated bacterial vectors have increasingly attracted attention for their potential interest in cancer vaccine development. We have previously developed live attenuated Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system-based vectors to deliver in vivo tumor antigens. In this work, we improved the performance of these bacterial vectors through several approaches in different murine cancer models involving non-self-antigens or self-antigens. First, by modulating injection frequency and interval, bacterial vaccination-activated immune response could be enhanced and the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of bacterial vaccines could be improved. The optimized vaccination scheme induced long-lasting CD8+ T cells' response. Second, a dual antigen delivery pattern was successfully applied in our bacterial vectors. Compared with a single antigen delivery vector, biantigen delivery vectors demonstrated several advantages including better tumor rejection efficiency, simplicity of use, and safety. Third, 1 more attenuated mutant-CHA-OAL strain that is totally avirulent in mice was further adapted to grow in a chemically defined medium to comply with current good manufacturing processes. The poor infectivity of this new strain could be overcome by vaccinations at multiple loci, yielding an efficiently improved vaccination performance. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of our live attenuated P. aeruginosa vectors for applications in relevant clinical trials.
First-principles calculations of defects in oxygen-deficient silica exposed to hydrogen (2000)

Hydrogen-related defects and oxygen vacancies in silica are analyzed using first-principles density-functional calculations. Energetics, structures, charge-state levels, and hyperfine parameters are determined. These calculations identify the hydrogen bridge related to the ${E}_{4}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ center as the defect responsible for the stress-induced leakage current, a forerunner of dielectric breakdown of gate oxides in transistors.
Heart Rate Variability in Diabetes Patients (2006)

Diabetes mellitus can cause cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and is associated with increased cardiovascular deaths. We investigated cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetics and healthy controls by analysis of heart rate variability. Thirty-one diabetics and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were included. In the time domain we measured the mean R - R interval (NN), the standard deviation of the R - R interval index (SDNN), the standard deviation of the 5-min R - R interval mean (SDANN), the root mean square of successive R - R interval differences (RMSSD) and the percentage of beats with a consecutive R - R interval difference > 50 ms (pNN50). In the frequency domain we measured high-frequency power (HF), low-frequency power (LF) and the LF/HF ratio. Diabetes patients had lower values for time-domain and frequency-domain parameters than controls. Most heart rate variability parameters were lower in diabetes patients with chronic complications than in those without chronic complications.
Catching a real ball in virtual reality (2017)

We present a system enabling users to accurately catch a real ball while immersed in a virtual reality environment. We examine three visualizations: rendering a matching virtual ball, the predicted trajectory of the ball, and a target catching point lying on the predicted trajectory. In our demonstration system, we track the projectile motion of a ball as it is being tossed between users. Using Unscented Kalman Filtering, we generate predictive estimates of the ball's motion as it approaches the catcher. The predictive assistance visualizations effectively increases the user's senses but can also alter the user's strategy in catching.
Real-Time Optimal Energy Management of Electrified Powertrains with Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Reinforcement learning (RL)algorithm is employed in solving energy management problem for electrified powertrain in real-world driving scenarios and the application process is streamlined. A near-global optimal control policy is articulated for the energy management system (EMS) using Q-learning algorithm which is real-time implementable. The core of the EMS is an updating optimal control policy in the form of a changing look-up table comprising near-global optimal action value function (Q-values) corresponding to all feasible state-action combinations. Using the updating control policy, the EMS can optimally decide power-split between electric machines (EMs) and internal combustion engine (ICE) in real-world driving situations.
Carbon-bonded silver nanoparticles: alkyne-functionalized ligands for SERS imaging of mammalian cells (2011)

Silver nanoparticles bonded to terminal alkynes form stable particles in aqueous solution, produce strong SERS signals for molecular imaging that arise from the carbon-metal bond, and expand the scope of molecules that can be used to stably functionalize plasmonic particles for mammalian cell imaging applications. β-Lactams represent a class of biologically important molecules that can be adapted to SERS studies in this manner.
Growth kinetics of thermophilic Methanosarcina spp. isolated from full-scale biogas plants treating animal manures (2000)

This study determines the growth kinetics of thermophilic strains of Methanosarcina spp. from full-scale thermophilic biogas plants. The complete set of kinetic parameters, including maximum specific growth rate μmax, half saturation constant KS, acetate threshold concentration and cell growth yield YX/S, were determined for six Methanosarcina strains newly isolated from full-scale reactors and the type strain Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1T. The kinetic experiments were performed in media supplemented with acetate and activated carbon at the optimum growth temperatures of the individual strains, 50–55°C. The μmax values of the isolates were in the range of 0.044–0.064 h−1, the KS ranged from 6.5 to 24.7 mM acetate and the threshold for acetate utilization from 0.11 to 0.40 mM. The cell growth yields of the strains were between 0.78 and 2.97 g dry weight cells mol−1 acetate. The six isolates exhibited significantly higher μmax and had higher affinity to acetate than the type strain M. thermophila TM-1T. Generally, the affinities of thermophilic Methanosarcina strains tested in this study cover a similar range to those reported in the literature for mesophilic Methanosarcina spp. with acetate as substrate. The strains isolated from plants treating mixtures of animal manures and industrial organic wastes had higher affinity for acetate and lower thresholds than strains isolated from reactors operating solely on manures.