gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroesterification of Olefins Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 Immobilized on Montmorillonite (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroesterification of Olefins Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 Immobilized on MontmorilloniteChul Woo Lee and Howard AlperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 1, 250–252Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00106a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00106a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views812Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ion Exchange in Glass – The Changes of Glass Refraction (2012)

The phenomenon of ion exchange in glasses in the practical application has been known since the Middle Ages when it was used for coloring glass. However, the application of this phenomenon for the production of changes in the glass refraction associates with the waveguide technology. The development of this technology has started in the second half of the 20th century and was dictated by the huge potential of the optical transmission of information in comparison to its classical form that uses the transmission of electrical signals through wired links. The optical transmission, in turn, uses dielectric fibers, known as waveguides. The materials that since the beginning have been used for producing the fiber waveguides are oxide glasses. However, their attenuation in this study period were of about 1000 dB/km. In 1966 K.C. Kao and G.A. Hockman in their work [1] indicated the possibility of using for the near-infrared transmission a specially treated glass, devoid of impurities in the form of ions of iron, cobalt and copper, which are the main cause of the absorption of the energy in the propagating wave.
Posaconazole for treatment of refractory invasive fungal disease (2006)

Invasive fungal infections are usually associated with immunocompromised states About 40-60% of these patients are refractory to standard antifungal therapy We describe the effect of posaconazole in the treatment of a 12 years-old girl with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with life-threatening cerebral mucor mycosis and a 4 year old girl boy with chronic granulomatous disease presenting with invasive Aspergillus nidulans infection.
Estrogen receptor α inhibitor activates the unfolded protein response, blocks protein synthesis, and induces tumor regression (2015)

Recurrent estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast and ovarian cancers are often therapy resistant. Using screening and functional validation, we identified BHPI, a potent noncompetitive small molecule ERα biomodulator that selectively blocks proliferation of drug-resistant ERα-positive breast and ovarian cancer cells. In a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer, BHPI induced rapid and substantial tumor regression. Whereas BHPI potently inhibits nuclear estrogen-ERα-regulated gene expression, BHPI is effective because it elicits sustained ERα-dependent activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress sensor, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and persistent inhibition of protein synthesis. BHPI distorts a newly described action of estrogen-ERα: mild and transient UPR activation. In contrast, BHPI elicits massive and sustained UPR activation, converting the UPR from protective to toxic. In ERα(+) cancer cells, BHPI rapidly hyperactivates plasma membrane PLCγ, generating inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), which opens EnR IP3R calcium channels, rapidly depleting EnR Ca(2+) stores. This leads to activation of all three arms of the UPR. Activation of the PERK arm stimulates phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), resulting in rapid inhibition of protein synthesis. The cell attempts to restore EnR Ca(2+) levels, but the open EnR IP3R calcium channel leads to an ATP-depleting futile cycle, resulting in activation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). eEF2 phosphorylation inhibits protein synthesis at a second site. BHPI's novel mode of action, high potency, and effectiveness in therapy-resistant tumor cells make it an exceptional candidate for further mechanistic and therapeutic exploration.
Memory Bottlenecks and Memory Contention in Multi-Core Monte Carlo Transport Codes (2014)

We have extracted a kernel that executes only the most computationally expensive steps of the Monte Carlo particle transport algorithm - the calculation of macroscopic cross sections - in an effort to expose bottlenecks within multi-core, shared memory architectures.
Binding Site Determination from Kinetic Data (1971)

Abstract The elucidation of the number of reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2)-binding sites in bacterial luciferase is of fundamental importance for understanding the mechanism of the bioluminescent reaction. At present, knowledge concerning the binding sites is meager, primarily due to difficulty in maintaining FMNH2 in a reduced state at very low concentrations. In the present studies this difficulty has been circumvented, permitting us to elucidate the order of the bioluminescent reaction with respect to FMNH2 and the dissociation constant of the FMNH2-enzyme complex. Of particular importance was the fact that enzymatic measurements could be made not only at extremely low FMNH2 concentrations (10-9 m), but also at very high enzyme concentrations, even higher than the substrate concentration or the value for the dissociation constant for the FMNH2-enzyme complex (8 x 10-7 m). Under these conditions, the Michaelis-Menten equation is not directly applicable and the relative velocity of the reaction (v/Vmax) depends on the concentration of substrate-binding sites. Consequently, it was possible to elucidate the number of FMNH2-binding sites directly from kinetic data. These results show that bacterial luciferase possesses only a single FMNH2-binding site and consequently eliminate reaction mechanisms involving 2 FMNH2 molecules. Since the oxidation of a single FMNH2 molecule would not be adequate energetically for the emission of a quantum of light at 490 nm, additional energy-yielding steps must be required in the bacterial bioluminescent reaction.
Distributed selection of sensing nodes in cognitive radio networks (2010)

The introduction of cognitive radio networks is dependent on the reliable sensing of higher priority emitters in their geographic areas. A large number of sensors requires the exchange of a substantial amount of information; therefore a subset of secondary nodes must be selected that provides sufficient geographic coverage. In this paper, a new approach to select the reporting nodes is introduced based on the affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm. The AP algorithm operates in a distributed fashion and requires only link quality information between neighbouring nodes. Simulations incorporating pathloss and correlated shadow fading models show that the sensing reliability is significantly better than random node selection, and is comparable to a commonly-used centralized algorithm that requires knowledge of the positions of all nodes.
A review of models for effective thermal conductivity of composite materials (2014)

The solutions of Maxwell and Rayleigh were the first of many attempts to determine the eective thermal conductivity of heterogeneous material. Early models assumed that no thermal resistance exists between the phases in heterogeneous material. Later studies on solid-liquid and solid-solid boundaries revealed that a temperature drop occurs when heat flows through a boundary between two phases and, as a consequence, the interfacial thermal resistance should be included in the heat transfer model. This paper is a review of the most popular expressions for predicting the eective thermal conductivity of composite materials using the properties and volume fractions of constituent phases. Subject to review were empirical, analytical and numerical models, among others.
Nicotine Pharmacokinetics of Nicoderm<sub>®</sub> (Nicotine Transdermal System) in Women and Obese Men Compared With Normal‐Sized Men (1993)

This study examined the effect of gender and body weight on the pharmacokinetic properties of the Nicotine Transdermal System (NTS) (Nicoderm). This NTS was applied for 24 hours to 13 normal-sized men, 13 women, and 13 obese men, all of whom were smokers who had abstained from cigarettes for the previous 24 hours. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined during a single application of the system. The mean nicotine maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) values for women did not differ significantly from those for normal-sized men. Nicotine Cmax and AUC values, however, were significantly lower in obese compared with normal-sized men; nicotine AUC was strongly correlated to body weight and body mass index. Mean apparent nicotine elimination rate constant values were not significantly different between normal-sized and obese men, but the apparent elimination rate constant value was significantly higher in women. The possible clinical significance of the differences in nicotine AUC values with body weight is discussed.
“Does Not Care” (2002)

In 1924, T. E. Lawrence had a stone lintel placed over the door to Clouds Hill, the remote cottage in Dorsetshire where, until his death in 1935, he occasionally lived and often entertained friends and family. Into this stone lintel Lawrence carved two Greek words: ου ϕροτις, "does not care." He explained to friends that these words were taken from a comic episode in the Histories of Herodotus, one concerning a young suitor Hippoclides and a rich king Clisthenes, the father of the young woman whose hand Hippoclides was seeking in marriage. Hippoclides was one of many young noblemen vying for the hand of the king's daughter. Wishing to give his daughter to the very best man in Greece, Clisthenes devised contests for the suitors. In all of these contests young Hippoclides excelled. When the day came for Clisthenes to announce his choice, however, there was a final feast with abundant song and drink. Hippoclides, quite drunk, bade the musicians strike up a dance. And just as in the other contests, Hippoclides excelled, dancing beautifully. But the drink in him spurred him on, and he was soon dancing on the tables. When at last Hippoclides stood on his head upon the table, tossing his legs about in the air and exposing himself to the whole feasting party, Clisthenes, furious at this shameful behavior, cried out, "Son of Tisander, you have danced your marriage away!" "Hippoclides does not care," the young reveler replied.1KeywordsModern HistoryMonumental HistoryIntroductory ChapterCritical HistoryGreek HistorianThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Photo‐responsive Catalytic Vesicle with GPx Activity (2013)

Abstract Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is a vital antioxidant enzyme involved in the reduction of reactive oxygen species and protects cells from oxidative damage. Consequently enormous efforts have been devoted to developing artificial catalysts with GPx function. Besides the research on enhancing the catalytic activity of GPx mimics, the design and construction of smart GPx models has also inspired great interest. Herein, a novel photo‐responsive selenium‐containing vesicular GPx model was successfully constructed by supramolecular self‐assembly of the cationic surfactant PyC 10 AzoC 10 Py with benzeneseleninic acid (PhSeO 2 H) through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in aqueous media. This selenium‐containing vesicular catalyst showed remarkable GPx‐like activity, which is 692 times more effective than PhSeO 2 H for the reduction of cumene hydroperoxide (CUOOH) by 4‐nitrobenzenethiol (NBT). Interestingly, when an equimolar amount of α ‐CD was added, the GPx‐like activity of the catalytic vesicle declines remarkably due to the vesicle disaggregation in the presence of α ‐CD. Whereas the biomimetic system was irradiated by UV light at 365 nm, the catalytic vesicle was formed again and the GPx‐like activity recovered.
Discovery of an Oxycyclohexyl Acid Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 (LPA<sub>1</sub>) Antagonist BMS-986278 for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrotic Diseases (2021)

The oxycyclohexyl acid BMS-986278 (<b>33</b>) is a potent lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA<sub>1</sub>) antagonist, with a human LPA<sub>1</sub> <i>K</i><sub>b</sub> of 6.9 nM. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies starting from the LPA<sub>1</sub> antagonist clinical compound BMS-986020 (<b>1</b>), which culminated in the discovery of <b>33</b>, are discussed. The detailed in vitro and in vivo preclinical pharmacology profiles of <b>33,</b> as well as its pharmacokinetics/metabolism profile, are described. On the basis of its in vivo efficacy in rodent chronic lung fibrosis models and excellent overall ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) properties in multiple preclinical species, <b>33</b> was advanced into clinical trials, including an ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with lung fibrosis (NCT04308681).
Dammarane-type Triterpene Saponins from <i>Panax</i> <i>j</i><i>aponicus</i> (2002)

Six new dammarane-type saponins (1-6), together with 11 known saponins (7-17), were isolated from Ye-Sanchi, the underground part of Panax japonicus collected in the South of Yunnan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic means.
Leishmanicidal, Antiplasmodial, and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Diterpenoid 1,2-Quinones from <i>Perovskia abrotanoides</i>:  New Source of Tanshinones (2001)

Cryptotanshinone (1), a quinoid diterpene with a nor-abietane skeleton, and three new natural products, 1beta-hydroxycryptotanshinone (2), 1-oxocryptotanshinone (3), and 1-oxomiltirone (4), were isolated from roots of the Iranian medicinal plant Perovskia abrotanoides. Their structures were established using homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR experiments, supported by HRMS. The total amount of tanshinones isolated from dry roots of Perovskia abrotanoides was about 1.5%. The compounds exhibited leishmanicidal activity in vitro (IC(50) values in the range 18-47 microM). These findings provide a rationale for traditional use of the roots in Iran as a constituent of poultices for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The isolated tanshinones also inhibited growth of cultured malaria parasites (3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum), drug-sensitive KB-3-1 human carcinoma cell line, multidrug-resistant KB-V1 cell line, and human lymphocytes activated with phytohaemagglutinin A (IC(50) values in the range 5-45 microM). The toxicity of tanshinones toward the drug-sensitive KB-3-1 and the multidrug-resistant KB-V1 cells was the same, indicating that the compounds are not substrates for the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump.
[Effect of a dehydrated extract of nopal (Opuntia ficus indica Mill.) on blood glucose]. (1990)

To assess if a dehydrated extract of nopal stems retains the effect on glycemia of the entire nopal stems two experiments were performed. A. Six patients with type II diabetes mellitus in fasting condition received 30 capsules containing 10.1 +/- 0.3 g of the extract, and serum glucose levels were measured hourly from 0 to 180 minutes. B. Six healthy volunteers received 30 capsules with the extract followed by 74 g of dextrose orally. Serum glucose measurements were made in a similar fashion. In each experiment a control test with empty capsules was performed. Nopal extract did not reduce fasting glycemia in diabetic subjects. Nevertheless, the extract diminished the increase of serum glucose which followed a dextrose load. Peak serum glucose was 20.3 +/- 18.2 mg/dl (X +/- SD) lower in the test with nopal than in the control one (P less than 0.025). Dehydrated extract of nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) did not show acute hypoglycemic effect, although could attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia.
Fast Epitaxial High Temperature Brazing of Single Crystalline Nickel Based Superalloys (2008)

A new high temperature brazing technology for the repair of turbine components made of single crystalline nickel based superalloys has been developed. It allows the repair of single crystalline parts by producing an epitaxially grown braze gap within very short times. In contrast to commonly used brazing technologies the process is not diffusion based but works with consolute systems, particularly nickel-manganese alloys. Brazing experiments with 300 μm wide parallel braze gaps as well as V-shaped gaps with a maximum width of 250 μm were conducted. Furthermore, thermodynamic simulations with the help of ThermoCalc software, Version TCR were carried out to identify compositions with a suitable melting behavior and phase formation. With the new alloys complete epitaxial bridging of both gap shapes has been achieved within brazing times as short as ten minutes.
Alpha-synuclein biology in Lewy body diseases (2014)

α-Synuclein is an abundantly expressed neuronal protein that is at the center of focus in understanding a group of neurodegenerative disorders called α-synucleinopathies, which are characterized by the presence of aggregated α-synuclein intracellularly. Primary α-synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, with α-synuclein also found secondarily in a number of other diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding how α-synuclein aggregates form in these different disorders is important for the understanding of its pathogenesis in Lewy body diseases. PD is the most prevalent of the α-synucleinopathies and much of the initial research on α-synuclein Lewy body pathology was based on PD but is also relevant to Lewy bodies in other diseases (dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease). Polymorphism and mutation studies of SNCA, the gene that encodes α-synuclein, provide much evidence for a causal link between α-synuclein and PD. Among the primary α-synucleinopathies, multiple system atrophy is unique in that α-synuclein deposition occurs in oligodendrocytes rather than neurons. It is unclear whether α-synuclein originates from oligodendrocytes or whether it is transmitted somehow from neurons. α-Synuclein exists as a natively unfolded monomer in the cytosol, but in the presence of lipid membranes it is thought to undergo a conformational change to a folded α-helical secondary structure that is prone to forming dimers and oligomers. Posttranslational modification of α-synuclein, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and nitration, has been widely implicated in α-synuclein aggregation process and neurotoxicity. Recent studies using animal and cell models, as well as autopsy studies of patients with neuron transplants, provided compelling evidence for prion-like propagation of α-synuclein. This observation has implications for therapeutic strategies, and much recent effort is focused on developing antibodies that target extracellular α-synuclein.
Molecular Rectangles Based on Rhenium(I) Coordination Chemistry (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMolecular Rectangles Based on Rhenium(I) Coordination ChemistryKurt D. Benkstein, Joseph T. Hupp, and Charlotte L. SternView Author Information Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 49, 12982–12983Publication Date (Web):November 25, 1998Publication History Received6 July 1998Published online25 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja982363tCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1066Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (90 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cavities,Ketones,Ligands,Molecules,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Direct Sequence Analysis of Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) Sequences from Infants and Comparison of HHV-6 Sequences from Mother/Infant Pairs (1995)

Direct sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA fragments from the large tegument protein (LTP) gene of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was performed with use of uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from four mother/infant pairs. In two cases, LTP gene sequences were identical in paired mother/infant specimens, thus suggesting that mother-to-infant transmission of HHV-6 may have occurred. The genetic stability of HHV-6 strains was confirmed by the fact that there was no difference between amplified DNA fragments from sequential PBMC samples from two of two infants analyzed. In contrast, a change in the amplified viral strain was detected in an infant who had reinfection with HHV-6 variant B (HHV-6B). Furthermore, HHV-6B strains concurrently amplified from saliva and PBMCs from an adult were found to be different. The data suggest that HHV-6 may be frequently transmitted from mother-to-infant and that reinfection with HHV-6B may occur.
A study of the physico-chemical features of the [(perfluoroalkyl)methyl]oxirane amino derivatives based on the hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer (2011)

The 1,2-epoxy-4,6,6,7,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-undecafluoro-4,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-5,8-dioxaundecane was synthesized for the first time on the basis of the hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer. We showed that it reacted with diethylamine, morpholine, or N-methylpiperazine to afford the product of regioselective cleavage of the oxirane ring. The processing of nano-sized copper powder with a solution of the obtained hydroxyamine solution in acetone allowed the formation of the hydrophobic metal coating.