gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Field Network Coding for Multiuser Cooperative Communications (2008)

Multi-source relay-based cooperative communications can achieve spatial diversity gains, enhance coverage and potentially increase capacity when multiuser detection is used to effect maximum likelihood demodulation. If considered for large networks, traditional relaying entails loss in spectral efficiency that can be mitigated through network coding at the physical layer. These considerations motivate the complex field network coding (CFNC) approach introduced in this paper. Different from network coding over the Galois field, where wireless throughput is limited as the number of sources increases, CFNC always achieves throughput as high as 1/2 symbol per source per channel use. In addition to improved throughput, CFNC- based relaying achieves full diversity gain regardless of the underlying signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and the constellation used. Furthermore, the CFNC approach is general enough to allow for transmissions from sources to a common destination as well as simultaneous information exchanges among sources.
Singlet oxygen production by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes. (1986)

The oxidation of linoleic acid catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes was accompanied by 1268 nm chemiluminescence characteristic of singlet oxygen. The recombination of peroxy radicals as first proposed by Russell (Russell, G.A. (1957) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 3871-3877) is a plausible mechanism for the observed singlet oxygen production. Lipoxygenase-3 was the most active isozyme. Under the optimal aerobic conditions of p2H 7, 100 micrograms/ml lipoxygenase-3, 100 microM linoleic acid, 100 microM 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, and air-saturated buffer, the yield of singlet oxygen was 12 +/- 0.4 microM or 12% of the amount predicted by the Russell mechanism. High yields of singlet oxygen required the presence of 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid. Systems containing lipoxygenase-2 and lipoxygenase-3 produced comparable yields of singlet oxygen without added 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, since the lipoxygenase-2 served as an in situ source of hydroperoxide. Lipoxygenase-1 was active only at low oxygen concentrations. Its singlet oxygen-producing capacity was greatly increased by the addition of acetone to the system. Lipoxygenase-2 did not produce detectable quantities of singlet oxygen.
High Yields of Autologous Living Dermal Equivalents Using Porcine Gelatin Microbeads as Microcarriers for Autologous Fibroblasts (2006)

Permanent skin replacement requires a dermal component to ensure adequate long-term graft stability and to prevent wound contraction. This study was to construct a bioreactor microcarrier cell culture system (Bio-MCCS) to produce autologous living dermal equivalents on a large scale. Autologous fibroblasts were isolated from split-thickness skin biopsy from a leg ulcer patient, inoculated onto macroporous porcine gelatin microbeads, and incubated in a bioreactor (Cellspin) in serum-free fibroblast growth medium or in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Fibroblasts rapidly adhered to and actively proliferated on the microbeads in the bioreactor in both serum-free and serum-containing medium. MTT assay showed the number of fibroblasts on the microbeads reached up to 5.3- or 4.0-fold the cells seeded in DMEM medium containing 10% FCS or serum-free medium, respectively. When removed from Bio-MCCS and cultured under static conditions, fibroblasts were able to leave the microbeads and proliferate to confluence on the bottom of tissue culture flasks. When stored at room temperature in DMEM containing 10% FBS, fibroblast cultured on the microbeads retained highest viabilities for at least 3 weeks, up to 82% of originals. This Bio-MCCS using porcine gelatin microbeads as carriers for fibroblasts offers a new option of mass production of autologous living dermal equivalents.
Cell interactions regulate dendritic morphology and responses to neurotransmitters in embryonic chick sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro (1990)

The influence of non-neuronal cells and interneurons on the morphological development of chick sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) and on the responsiveness of these neurons to the neurotransmitters GABA, glycine, and glutamate was studied. SPNs were retrogradely labeled with the fluorescent dyes dil and diO, then separated from spinal-cord non-neuronal cells and interneurons by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. SPNs were grown in culture, either alone or in coculture with non-neuronal cells alone, with interneurons alone, or with both of these cell types (control cultures). The responsiveness of SPNs to neurotransmitters was assessed by whole-cell recording, while cell morphology was assessed after intracellular staining with 6-carboxyfluorescein. Cell size and morphology were affected by non-neuronal cells. In the absence of non-neuronal cells, SPNs had smaller cell bodies and fewer major processes, whether or not interneurons were present. In contrast, responses to the 3 neurotransmitters were affected by both non-neuronal cells and interneurons, but in ways that differed slightly for each transmitter. In the absence of both non-neuronal cells and interneurons, responses to all 3 transmitters were much smaller than in control cultures, with responses to glutamate most profoundly affected. The addition of either non-neuronal cells or interneurons slightly increased the amplitude of SPN responses to glutamate, but the level of responsiveness with either cell type alone was much lower than for SPNs grown in the presence of both cell types. The addition of interneurons also slightly increased the responsiveness of SPNs to GABA, but non-neuronal cells alone had no significant effect on the responses of SPNs to GABA. Finally, the glycine responsiveness of SPNs was raised to control levels when either non-neuronal cells or interneurons were added. These experiments demonstrate that, though interneurons can have a significant inductive effect on the responses of SPNs to neurotransmitters, not all of the changes in neurotransmitter responsiveness can be related to the formation of functional synapses.
PHP & MySQL: Your visual blueprint for creating dynamic, database-driven Web sites (2006)

The expertise, thought, and effort that go into each book are obvious, and I sincerely appreciate your efforts. Keep up the wonderful work! --Tracey Moore (Memphis, TN) Welcome to the only guidebook series that takes a visual approach to professional-level computer topics. Open the book and you will discover step-by-step screen shots that demonstrate over 140 key techniques using PHP amd MySQL, including: * Configuring Apache to process PHP code * Working with character strings * Creating, sorting, and comparing arrays * Defining and using functions * Finding and replacing substrings * Querying databases and retrieving data * Stopping and starting the MySQL server * Adding dynamic check boxes * Sending new Web pages to a browser / * High-resolution screen shots demonstrate each task * Succinct explanations walk you through step-by-step * Two-page lessons break big topics into bite-sized modules * Apply It and Extra sidebars highlight useful tips
The Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Working Group decision on MPLS signaling protocols (2003)

This document documents the consensus reached by the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Working Group within the IETF to focus its efforts on Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)-TE: Extensions to RSVP for Label-Switched Paths (LSP) Tunnels (RFC 3209) as the MPLS signalling protocol for traffic engineering applications and to undertake no new efforts relating to Constraint-Based LSP Setup using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) (RFC 3212). The recommendations of section 6 have been accepted by the IESG.
The magnetite as adsorbent for some hazardous species from aqueous solutions: A review (2011)

The review refers to the adsorption/desorption possibility of the magnetite, both natural and synthetic, with respect to hazardous species dissolved in aqueous solutions. The analysis stresses the attention on typical contaminants such as uranium, cadmium, cobalt, europium and arsenic. Most of the studies, performed so far, are on a laboratory scale without any attempts to be applied at larger either pilot or industrial scales. This especially invokes an analysis addressing what it would be when the scale of application increases beyond that of the laboratory flask. This point is of primary importance when fashionable nano-scale magnetite particles are used for sorption. The choice of magnetite is special because this mineral exhibits strong magnetic properties easily allowing creation of devices and processes for both upstream (adsorption) and downstream/ deposition processes such as fixed bed adsorption, magnetically stabilized beds, magnetic separation, and remote deposition of dangerous materials.
The Frequency Spectral Properties of Electrode-Skin Contact Impedance on Human Head and Its Frequency-Dependent Effects on Frequency-Difference EIT in Stroke Detection from 10Hz to 1MHz (2017)

Frequency-difference electrical impedance tomography (fdEIT) reconstructs frequency-dependent changes of a complex impedance distribution. It has a potential application in acute stroke detection because there are significant differences in impedance spectra between stroke lesions and normal brain tissues. However, fdEIT suffers from the influences of electrode-skin contact impedance since contact impedance varies greatly with frequency. When using fdEIT to detect stroke, it is critical to know the degree of measurement errors or image artifacts caused by contact impedance. To our knowledge, no study has systematically investigated the frequency spectral properties of electrode-skin contact impedance on human head and its frequency-dependent effects on fdEIT used in stroke detection within a wide frequency band (10 Hz-1 MHz). In this study, we first measured and analyzed the frequency spectral properties of electrode-skin contact impedance on 47 human subjects' heads within 10 Hz-1 MHz. Then, we quantified the frequency-dependent effects of contact impedance on fdEIT in stroke detection in terms of the current distribution beneath the electrodes and the contact impedance imbalance between two measuring electrodes. The results showed that the contact impedance at high frequencies (>100 kHz) significantly changed the current distribution beneath the electrode, leading to nonnegligible errors in boundary voltages and artifacts in reconstructed images. The contact impedance imbalance at low frequencies (<1 kHz) also caused significant measurement errors. We conclude that the contact impedance has critical frequency-dependent influences on fdEIT and further studies on reducing such influences are necessary to improve the application of fdEIT in stroke detection.
Prospecting for alternate sources of shikimic acid, a precursor of Tamiflu, a bird-flu drug (2009)

Shikimic acid, more commonly known by its anionic form, shikimate, is an important intermediate compound of the ‘shikimate pathway’ in plants and microorganisms1. It is the principal precursor for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine and other compounds such as alkaloids, phenolics and phenyl propanoids2. It is used extensively as a chiral building block for the synthesis of a number of compounds in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries3. In the recent past, the focus on shikimic acid has increased since it is the key precursor for the synthesis of Tamiflu, the only drug against avian flu caused by the H5N1 virus4,5. Shikimic acid is converted to a diethyl ketal intermediate, which is then reduced in two steps to an epoxide that is finally transformed to Tamiflu6.
Performance Improvement in a 200 mm BiCMOS Technology by Si/SiGe Heterojuncton Bipolar Transistor Integration (1996)

This paper reports the integration of SiGe HBTs in a 200 mm, 0.5 ?m BiCMOS process, as a first step towards an HBT-CMOS industrial technology. This was performed by suppressing the base implantation step and growing instead the emitter-base system selectively on the base active area, using an industrial Reduced-Pressure CVD cluster-tool. The so-fabricated HBTs show improved performance compared to the implanted base BJT of the support technology in terms of current gain, Early voltage and pinched base resistance. This improvement can be traded against higher collector doping and therefore higher operation frequency.
A Novel Competitive ELISA for Both Free and Protein-Bound Nitrotyrosine (2003)

3-Nitro-L-tyrosine (nitrotyrosine) has recently been considered to be useful as a biomarker of endogenous production of several reactive nitrogen species including peroxynitrite. In the present study, nitrotyrosine was coupled to human serum albumin (HSA) using a two-step glutaraldehyde method and immunized mouse with multifocal intradermal injections. Using a conventional immunization protocol, 12 stable monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) producing cell lines recognizing nitrotyrosine were obtained. Six MAbs were selected for further characterization. A study of cross-reactions with nitrotyrosine-like compounds showed that the antibodies had a high specificity for nitrotyrosine, but no detectable reactivity with L-tyrosine, p-nitro-L-phenylalanine, o-phospho-L-tyrosine or 3-amino-L-tyrosine. Using these high titer and affinity antibodies, a competitive inhibition ELISA was developed with a lower detection limit of approximately 20 nmol/L to detect both free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine in biological systems.
Solventless Protocol for Efficient Bis-<i>N</i>-Boc Protection of Adenosine, Cytidine, and Guanosine Derivatives (2006)

A solvent-free reaction employing a simple low-energy ball mill apparatus converts the amino groups of adenosine, 2-deoxyadenosine, cytidine, 2-deoxycytidine, guanosine, and 2-deoxyguanosine as well as some of their ribosyl O-protected derivatives to the corresponding bis-N-Boc carbamates. In the case of guanosine compounds, the carbonyl group of the base moiety was also blocked as its O-Boc enol carbonate. A variation of this approach using transient in situ O-silylation permitted the preparation of bis-N-Boc nucleosides in which the sugar hydroxyls were unprotected. The ball mill reactions were rapid, convenient, and very high-yielding except in the case of the guanosine compounds. This highly efficient method protects the amino groups of these nucleosides with a base stable and acid labile group suitable for further synthetic manipulation.
Catalytic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Alkylation via an Iron Carbene Intermediate (2017)

The catalytic transformation of a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bond to a C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-C bond via an iron carbene intermediate represents a long-standing challenge. Despite the success of enzymatic and small molecule iron catalysts mediating challenging C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H oxidations and aminations via high-valent iron oxos and nitrenes, C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H alkylations via isoelectronic iron carbene intermediates have thus far been unsuccessful. Iron carbenes have been inert, or shown to favor olefin cyclopropanation and heteroatom-hydrogen insertion. Herein we report an iron phthalocyanine-catalyzed alkylation of allylic and benzylic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bonds. Mechanistic investigations support that an electrophilic iron carbene mediates homolytic C-H cleavage and rebounds from the resulting organoiron intermediate to form the C-C bond; both steps are tunable via catalyst modifications. These studies suggest that for iron carbenes, distinct from other late metal carbenes, C-H cleavage is partially rate-determining and must be promoted to effect reactivity.
Lecithin inhibits fatty acid and bile salt absorption from rat small intestine in vivo (1976)

During digestion of a fatty meal, long chain free fatty acids (FFA) and lecithin are among the lipids solubilized in intestinal contents as mixed micelles with bile salts. We hypothesized that if lecithin were not hydrolyzed, the mixed micelles would be abnormal, and absorption of FFA and bile salts would be depressed. To test this hypothesis, isolated segments of rat small intestine were infused in vivo with micellar solutions of 2 mMolar linoleic acid and 10 mMolar taurocholate to which was added 3 mMolar 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl lecithin (a common lecithin in bile and food), or 1-palmitoyl lysolecithin (the hydrolytic product of lecithin). Absorption of FFA and bile salt was measured under steady state conditions using a single-pass technique. Lecithin depressed the rate of FFA absorption by 40% (p less than 0.025) in jejunal and ileal segments whereas lysolecithin was associated with normal rates of FFA absorption. Lecithin also reduced taurocholate absorption from the ileum by 30% (p less than 0.05). These data support the idea that lecithin may depress FFA and bile salt absorption from the small intestine in pancreatic insufficiency.
Fabrication of BaTiO <sub>3</sub> films by RF planar-magnetron sputtering (1981)

Abstract BaTiO3 films have been fabricated onto platinum and fused-quartz substrates by rf planar-magnetron sputtering using BaTiO3 ceramic target. For the substrate temperatures above 500 °C, the films have the perovskite structure. Preferential orientations, grain sizes and lattice constants of these films vary with the substrate temperatures and gas pressures. Ferroelectric properties are observed for BaTiO3 films fabricated at the substrate temperature of 700 °C and the gas pressures above 10−2 Torr.
Positional control of laser photocoagulator lesions near the fovea. (1968)

THE design and use of laser photocoagulators for the treatment of pathological conditions in the eye has been described by Ingram, Manson, and Smart (1965) and Ingram (1966). When lesions need to be made close to the fovea, extremely precise positional control of the lesion is necessary. Involuntary eye movements (Boyce, 1967; Ditchburn and Foley-Fisher, 1967) and human reaction times become important sources of error. With con- ventional photocoagulators destruction of part of the fovea could obviously ensue. This paper describes an optical system which nullifies such sources of error; once the site for the lesion is chosen, the actual lesion must occur there and nowhere else, despite eye movements and length or number of the exposures.
Flexible Quality-of-Service Technology for Supporting Voice/Data-Integrated Nomadic Networking. (1999)

this paper withnhA5wP routin strategies that areconPP ainP by requiremenA of preservation or adequate tradin of QoS values, as proposed, e.g.,in [16] [17].
Mechanisms of Sound Localization in Mammals (2010)

The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However, auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, the sensory surface of the receptor organ for hearing. Understanding the means by which sensitivity to spatial cues is computed in central neurons can therefore contribute to our understanding of the basic nature of complex neural representations. We review recent evidence concerning the nature of the neural representation of auditory space in the mammalian brain and elaborate on recent advances in the understanding of mammalian subcortical processing of auditory spatial cues that challenge the "textbook" version of sound localization, in particular brain mechanisms contributing to binaural hearing.
Dynamic construction of product taxonomy hierarchies for assisted shopping in the electronic marketplace (2002)

The electronic marketplace is a virtual trading environment over telecommunications networks, which replicates and can even improve functions of traditional physical trading markets. Based on a previously addressed method of taxonomy-hierarchy search, we propose a mechanism for electronic shopping support. Instead of searching a fixed product taxonomy hierarchy, given search conditions, the proposed method dynamically constructs and searches a product taxonomy hierarchy. The main advantage is the flexibility in product selection, especially in product shortage situations.
Hop by hop multicast routing protocol (2001)

IP Multicast is facing a slow take-off although it is a hotly debated topic since more than a decade. Many reasons are responsible for this status. Hence, the Internet is likely to be organized with both unicast and multicast enabled networks. Thus, it is of utmost importance to design protocols that allow the progressive deployment of the multicast service by supporting unicast clouds. This paper proposes HBH (Hop-By-Hop multicast routing protocol). HBH adopts the source-specific channel abstraction to simplify address allocation and implements data distribution using recursive unicast trees, which allow the transparent support of unicast-only routers. Additionally, HBH is original because its tree construction algorithm takes into account the unicast routing asymmetries. As most multicast routing protocols rely on the unicast infrastructure, these asymmetries impact the structure of the multicast trees. We show through simulation that HBH outperforms other multicast routing protocols in terms of the delay experienced by the receivers and the bandwidth consumption of the multicast trees.
Design and fabrication of a microfluidic SERS chip with integrated Ag film@nanoAu (2016)

A “sandwich” microfluidic surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chip with Ag film@nanoAu prepared in a microchannel was proposed and fabricated <italic>in situ</italic>. The detection limit for Rhodamine 6G was 10<sup>−8</sup> M and the enhancement factor was 3.8 × 10<sup>5</sup>.
Engineering a Production Method for a Software Product Line (2011)

The production method for a software product line is the coordinated set of processes, models, and tools chosen to implement the essential product line activities of core asset development and product development. This paper shows how the task of engineering a production method for a product line can be facilitated by applying concepts from the domain of method engineering. A case study of an industrial product line illustrates how its production method was engineered to achieve specific business goals.
Distinct tachykinin NK<sub>1</sub> receptor function in primate nucleus tractus solitarius neurons is dysregulated after second‐hand tobacco smoke exposure (2011)

The contribution of NK(1) receptors to cell excitability depended on firing phenotype of primate NTS neurons and was disrupted by SHS exposure, specifically in DS neurons. Our findings reveal a novel NK(1) receptor function in the primate brainstem and support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to SHS in children causes tachykinin-related neuroplastic changes in the CNS.
Profile-driven behavioral synthesis for low-power VLSI systems (1995)

We present a profile-driven approach to behavior level synthesis. In this approach, event activities related to various operations and carriers in the behavioral specification are measured by simulating the description using user-supplied profiling stimuli. These event activities are then used during the synthesis process to estimate the switching activity in the design being synthesized. Overall switching activity estimation is based on modulating the average intrinsic switching activities of the synthesis library modules using the event activities. This estimate is used to select a module set and a schedule which, besides meeting the area and clock-speed constraints, would minimize the switching activity in the design. Experimental results for a number of examples show that the switching activity estimated during synthesis deviates by less than 10% on the average from the actual switching activity measured after completing synthesis.The same profile-driven approach is applied to estimate the total amount of capacitance that would switch in the design when the given stimuli is applied. Again, experimental results show that, on the average, the estimated switched capacitance deviates from the actual measured value by about 12%.