gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorometric Phospholipase Assays Based on Polymerized Liposome Substrates (2003)

Phospholipases are a diverse group of lipolytic enzymes with specificities for different sites on the phospholipid molecule (1). Based on the site of their hydrolytic attack, they can be classified into several groups, among which phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D (PLD) have been the most extensively studied. Because of their critical involvement in many extra- and intracellular processes, a sensitive continuous kinetic assay for phospholipase is an essential tool for many biological studies.
Inhibition of the Self-assembly of Collagen I into Fibrils with Synthetic Peptides (1998)

A series of experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that the self-assembly of collagen I monomers into fibrils depends on the interactions of specific binding sites in different regions of the monomer. Six synthetic peptides were prepared with sequences found either in the collagen triple helix or in the N- or C-telopeptides of collagen I. The four peptides with sequences found in the telopeptides were found to inhibit self-assembly of collagen I in a purified in vitro system. At concentrations of 2.5 mM, peptides with sequences in the C-telopeptides of the alpha1(I) and alpha2(I) chain inhibited assembly at about 95%. The addition of the peptide with the alpha2-telopeptide sequence was effective in inhibiting assembly if added during the lag phase and early propagation phase but not later in the assembly process. Experiments with biotinylated peptides indicated that both the N- and C-telopeptides bound to a region between amino acid 776 and 822 of the alpha(I) chain. A fragment of nine amino acids with sequences in the alpha2-telopeptide was effective in inhibiting fibril assembly. Mutating two aspartates in the 9-mer peptide to serine had no effect on inhibition of fibril assembly, but mutating two tyrosine residues and one phenylalanine residue abolished the inhibitory action. Molecular modeling of the binding sites demonstrated favorable hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the alpha2telopeptide and residues 781-794 of the alpha(I) chain.
Optical properties of GaN layers grown on <i>C</i>-, <i>A</i>-, <i>R</i>-, and <i>M</i>-plane sapphire substrates by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (1999)

GaN layers were grown on C-, A-, R-, and M-plane sapphire substrates by the electron cyclotron resonance–molecular beam epitaxy technique. We addressed a combined utilization of Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and reflectance measurements to investigate the optical properties of these high-quality GaN layers. First order optical phonons of A1, E1, and E2 symmetries were observed in the Raman spectra and the peaks are indicative of the wurtzite crystal structure. All three intrinsic exciton transitions arising from A, B, and C interband transitions were observed in reflectance measurements. The PL spectra were dominated by A and B free exciton transitions and the recombination of an exciton bound to a neutral donor. The experimental data clearly revealed a thickness-dependent change of the biaxial strain in the GaN layers grown on (0001) C-plane sapphire. The residual strain induced in these layers was found to have a strong influence in determining the energies of the excitonic transitions. Resonant Raman scattering measurements were performed by temperature tuning of fundamental gap in 1.0 μm GaN on C-plane sapphire. The influence of epitaxial strain in free exciton properties of GaN layers grown on various orientations of sapphire has been discussed based on the PL and reflectance results. The exciton binding energies were estimated in the GaN layers grown on C-, A-, and M-plane sapphire substrates. Polarized Raman measurements were performed on GaN layers grown on various orientations of sapphire and we observed quasipolar modes of both E1 and A1 symmetries. An additional broad photoluminescence band centered around 2.74 eV was observed in the GaN layers grown on R- and M-plane sapphire substrates. The defect induced Raman scattering in resonance with this band shows strong Raman scattering peaks resulting from the transition between energy levels of donor species or defect states.
B Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines as Efficient APC to Elicit CD8+ T Cell Responses Against a Cytomegalovirus Antigen (2000)

Potent and readily accessible APC are critical for development of immunotherapy protocols to treat viral disease and cancer. We have shown that B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) that stably express CMV phosphoprotein 65 (BLCLpp65), as a result of retroviral transduction, can be used to generate ex vivo CTL cultures that possess cytotoxicity against CMV and EBV. In this report, we demonstrate that the EBV-specific cytotoxicity in the BLCLpp65-primed culture had a spectrum of EBV-Ag recognition similar to that of the BLCL-primed counterpart, suggesting that retroviral transduction and expression of the CMV Ag would not compromise the Ag-presenting capacity of BLCL. In addition, BLCLpp65 appeared to present multiple natural pp65 epitopes, because pp65-specific CTL, which recognized different CMV clinical isolates, were generated in BLCLpp65-primed cultures from individuals with various HLA backgrounds. Consistent with a polyclonal expansion of virus-specific CTL, T cell lines established from the BLCLpp65-primed CTL cultures expressed different TCR-Vbeta Although most of the virus-specific T cell isolates were CD8+, EBV-specific CD4+ lines were also established from BLCLpp65-primed cultures. Western blot analysis revealed that the CD8+ lines, but not the CD4+ line, expressed granzyme B, consistent with features of classic CTL. Thus, our results suggested that BLCL stably expressing a foreign Ag might be used as a practical APC to elicit CD8+ T cell responses.
An Analysis of the Linear-Calibration Controversy From the Perspective of Compound Estimation (1982)

The competing classical and inverse point estimators in statistical calibration can be obtained by direct or inverse regression and are to some extent supported by the maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, respectively. Both of these approaches depend on specific distributional assumptions, but these assumptions confuse the main issue because both estimators can be justified without reference to them. By using a compound estimation approach, it is shown that the classical estimator can be derived as a linear compound estimator satisfying the criterion of asymptotic unbiasedness, while the inverse estimator is a linear compound estimator without the unbiasedness constraint. This formulation requires neither specific distributional assumptions nor reference to direct or inverse regression. Assessments of the two estimators are made in terms of their performance in estimating the current x value. It is shown that superiority of the inverse estimator can only be guaranteed if the current x value is sampled from the same population as previous x values.
Thermally and mechanically induced residual strain and strain tolerance of critical current in stainless steel-laminated Bi2223/Ag/Ag alloy composite superconductors (2008)

It is known that the tensile strain tolerance of the critical current of Bi2223 composite superconductors is improved when the compressive residual strain of Bi2223 filaments in the current transport direction (sample length direction) is enhanced. In the present work, the thermally and mechanically induced residual strain accumulation process of a stainless steel-laminated Bi2223/Ag/Ag alloy superconducting composite tape fabricated at American Superconductor Corporation was studied. A calculation procedure is presented for a description of the strain change of the constituents (Bi2223, Ag, Ag alloy and stainless steel) during cooling and heating, and during lamination, followed by the stress relaxation. As the input values, the mechanical property values of the constituents and the residual strain of Bi2223 filaments in the laminated composite tape at room temperature, measured with x-rays, were used. Such an approach revealed the change of residual strain of each constituent in the thermal and mechanical process in the laminated composite tape. Then, from a comparison of the residual strain accumulation in the laminated tape with that in the insert tape, the effects of the stainless steel lamination on the enhancement of the compressive residual strain of Bi2223 filaments and the improvement of the tensile strain tolerance and strain tolerance window of critical current at 77 K of the composite tape are discussed.
Phospholipid-cholesterol interaction. Kinetics of water permeability in liposomes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhospholipid-cholesterol interaction. Kinetics of water permeability in liposomesRobert Bittman and Lea BlauCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 25, 4831–4839Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00775a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00775a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views626Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Positive Relationship Between Plasma Leptin Level and Hypertension (2010)

Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone shown to be related to metabolic, inflammatory, and hemostatic factors involved in hypertension development. Animal studies suggest that higher leptin levels may activate the sympathetic nervous system and cause elevations in blood pressure (BP). However, few studies have examined the association between leptin and hypertension in humans. Also it is not clear whether this association is present among women as well as men. Therefore, we examined the association between plasma leptin levels and hypertension in a representative sample of US adults. We examined the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants >20 years of age (n=5599; 54.7% women). Plasma leptin levels were categorized into quartiles (women: <7.68, 7.68 to 13.18, 13.19 to 21.70, >21.70 fg/L; men: <2.64, 2.64 to 4.36, 4.37 to 7.12, >7.12 fg/L). Hypertension was defined as BP-reducing medication use or having systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg. We found that higher plasma leptin levels were positively associated with hypertension after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, serum cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. Compared with quartile 1 of leptin (referent), the odds ratio (95% CI) of hypertension associated with quartile 4 was 1.89 (1.24 to 2.09; P for trend=0.0036). Subgroup analyses examining the relation between leptin and hypertension by sex and body mass index categories also showed a consistent positive association. In conclusion, higher plasma leptin levels are associated with hypertension both among women as well as men in a representative sample of US adults.
A new interference cancellation technique for synchronous CDMA communication systems using modified prime codes (2002)

A new technique of interference cancellation for synchronous optical CDMA communication systems is proposed We utilized the properties of modified prime sequences under the assumption of a Poisson shot noise model for the PIN photodiode and synchronization between users' symbols. The interference cancellation technique is based on estimating the multiuser interference (MUI) through the special correlation properties of the used codes. The estimated MUI is then used to adapt a threshold level to optimally detect the concerned user's information and to suppress the MUI. Detailed derivations of the closed forms for the bit error rate are presented for both cases of with and without the suggested MUI suppression. Numerical results clearly show the advantages of the proposed technique and proves that it outperforms a system without interference cancellation.
Identification of the growth hormone-releasing peptide binding site in CD36: a photoaffinity cross-linking study (2004)

The GHRPs (growth hormone-releasing peptides) are a class of small synthetic peptides known to stimulate GH release through binding of a G-protein-coupled receptor (designated GHS-R). We have found that hexarelin, a hexapeptide member of the GHRPs, binds to another protein identified as CD36, a scavenger receptor that is expressed in various tissues, including monocytes/macrophages and the endothelial microvasculature. CD36 is involved in the endocytosis of oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) by macrophages, and in the modulation of angiogenesis elicited by thrombospondin-1 through binding to endothelial cells. To define the binding domain for hexarelin on CD36, covalent photolabelling of CD36 followed by enzymic and chemical degradation of the photoligand-receptor complex was performed. A 8 kDa photolabelled fragment corresponding to the CD36-(Asn132-Glu177) sequence has been identified as the hexarelin-binding site. Chemical cleavage of this fragment with CNBr resulted in the release of the free ligand, suggesting that Met169 is the contact point for the ligand within the receptor binding pocket. We conclude that the binding domain for hexarelin on CD36 overlaps with that for oxLDL, which corresponds to residues Gln155-Lys183 of CD36. Hence hexarelin might interfere with the CD36-mediated uptake of modified lipoproteins by macrophages. This may contribute, at least in part, to the anti-atherosclerotic effect of GHRPs in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
Deployment Mechanisms of a Gossamer Satellite Deorbiter (2013)

A Gossamer Deorbiter system, comprising a 5×5 m gossamer sail structure and a telescopic deployment system to distance the sail from the host satellite, was tested and qualified to TRL5/6. Two novel deployable boom concepts were developed: lenticular CuBe tape spring booms and bistable CFRP booms. Deployment tests identified the issue of ‘blossoming’ of the coiled booms, resulting in an unpredictable deployment and potential damage to the booms. Modifications to the mechanism design and deployment procedure were introduced to mitigate this issue. The CFRP boom concept was demonstrated to successfully deploy the gossamer sail to its full dimensions, and to be capable of carrying the expected operational loads.
microRNA-133 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer cells by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (2012)

It has been shown that regulation of EGFR expression in prostate cancer cells is mostly at the transcriptional level. microRNA-133 (miR-133) has long been recognized as a muscle-specific miRNA which may regulate myoblast differentiation and participate in many myogenic diseases. Recently, it has been reported that miR-133 is also involved in other tumors, such as bladder cancer, esophageal cancer and may regulate cell motility in these cancer cells. In the present study, we examined the expression and effects of miR-133 in two hormone-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines. The expression of miR-133a and miR-133b were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. After transfection of miR-133a and miR-133b, cell viability assay, luciferase assay, western blot analysis, cell migration and invasion assay were conducted in Du145 and PC3 cells. In this study, we showed that miR‑133a and miR-133b are expressed at the detection limit in two hormone-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145. Ectopic expression of miR-133 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in these cells. We also provide the first evidence that miR-133 may target EGFR. Our study provided the first glimpse of the functional role of miR-133 in two hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines. These results may add to our knowledge on the molecular basis of prostate cancer progression.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant activities of .alpha.-heterocyclic .alpha.-acetamido-N-benzylacetamide derivatives (1993)

Earlier studies showed that (R,S)-alpha-acetamido-N-benzylacetamides (2) containing a five- and six-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic group appended at the C(alpha) site displayed outstanding activity in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure (MES) test in mice. An expanded set of C(alpha)-heteroaromatic analogues of 2 have been prepared and evaluated. The observed findings extended the structure-activity relationships previously discerned for this novel class of anticonvulsants and have validated previous trends. The alpha-furan-2-yl (4), alpha-oxazol-2-yl (18), and alpha-thiazol-2-yl (19) alpha-acetamido-N-benzylacetamides afforded excellent protection against MES-induced seizures in mice. The ED50 and PI values for these adducts rivaled those reported for phenytoin. The outstanding properties provided by 4 led to an in-depth examination of the effect of structural modification at key sites within this compound on biological activity. The pharmacological data in this series indicated that stringent steric and electronic requirements existed for maximal activity and revealed the outstanding activity of (R)-(-)-alpha-acetamido-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-alpha-(furan-2-yl)aceta mide [(R)-30].
Reversion of Murine Sarcoma Virus Transformed Mouse Cells: Variants without a Rescuable Sarcoma Virus (1972)

Murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse 3T3 cells, which are negative for murine leukemia virus and which yield sarcoma virus after superinfection with murine leukenmia virus, spotaneously give rise to flat variants front which murine sarcoma virus can no longer be rescued. The revertants support leukemia viruis growth and show an enhanced sensitivity to murine sarcoma superinfection and, like normal cells, do not release RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Because revertants could be obtained with high frequency from progeny of single transformed cells, each cell that containts the sarconma virus genome seems to have the capacity to suppress or eliminate an RNA tumor virus native to its species of origin.
National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel's Updated Pressure Ulcer Staging System (2007)

Black, Joyce PhD, RN; Baharestani, Mona Mylene PhD, ANP, CWOCN, FCCWS, FAPWCA; Cuddigan, Janet PhD, RN, CWCN, CCCN; Dorner, Becky RD, LD; Edsberg, Laura PhD; Langemo, Diane PhD, RN, FAAN; Posthauer, Mary Ellen RD, CD, LD; Ratliff, Catherine PhD, APRN, BC, CWOCN; Taler, George MD and The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) Author Information
Conophylline and Conophyllidine: New Dimeric Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana divaricata (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConophylline and Conophyllidine: New Dimeric Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana divaricataToh-Seok Kam, Kah-Yeng Loh, and Chen WeiCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1993, 56, 11, 1865–1871Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50101a001https://doi.org/10.1021/np50101a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views511Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computer-Aided Bleeding Detection in WCE Video (2013)

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) can directly take digital images in the gastrointestinal tract of a patient. It has opened a new chapter in small intestine examination. However, a major problem associated with this technology is that too many images need to be manually examined by clinicians. Currently, there is no standard for capsule endoscopy image interpretation and classification. Most state-of-the-art CAD methods often suffer from poor performance, high computational cost, or multiple empirical thresholds. In this paper, a new method for rapid bleeding detection in the WCE video is proposed. We group pixels through superpixel segmentation to reduce the computational complexity while maintaining high diagnostic accuracy. Feature of each superpixel is extracted using the red ratio in RGB space and fed into support vector machine for classification. Also, the influence of edge pixels has been removed in this paper. Comparative experiments show that our algorithm is superior to the existing methods in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
Task-based research and language pedagogy (2000)

Two very different theoretical accounts of task-based language use and learning are critiqued and their relevance for language pedagogy discussed. One account, which will be referred to as the psycholinguistic perspective, draws on a computational model of second language (L2) acquisition (Lantolf, 1996). According to this perspective, tasks are viewed as devices that provide learners with the data they need for learning; the design of a task is seen as potentially determining the kind of language use and opportunities for learning that arise.Three different psycholinguistic models are discussed: Long’s Interaction Hypothesis, Skehan’s ‘cognitive approach’ and Yule’s framework of communicative efficiency. The second theoretical account of tasks is that provided by socio-cultural theory. This is premised on the claim that participants co-construct the ‘activity’ they engage in when performing a task, in accordance with their own socio-history and locally determined goals, and that, therefore, it is difficult to make reliable predictions regarding the kinds of language use and opportunities for learning that will arise. Socio-cultural theory emphasizes the dialogic processes (such as ‘scaffolding’) that arise in a task performance and how these shape language use and learning. Both theoretical approaches afford insights that are of value to task-based language pedagogy. The psycholinguistic approach provides information that is of importance for planning task-based teaching and learning. The socio-cultural approach illuminates the kinds of improvisation that teachers and learners need to engage in during task-based activity to promote communicative efficiency and L2 acquisition.
Primary Dietary Intervention Study to Reduce the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Children at Increased Risk for Type 1 Diabetes (2011)

Delaying gluten exposure until the age of 12 months is safe but does not substantially reduce the risk for islet autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children.