gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sampling Algorithms for Evolving Datasets (2008)

Perhaps the most flexible synopsis of a database is a uniform random sample of the data; such samples are widely used to speed up the processing of analytic queries and data-mining tasks, to enhance query optimization, and to facilitate information integration. Most of the existing work on database sampling focuses on how to create or exploit a random sample of a static database, that is, a database that does not change over time. The assumption of a static database, however, severely limits the applicability of these techniques in practice, where data is often not static but continuously evolving. In order to maintain the statistical validity of the sample, any changes to the database have to be appropriately reflected in the sample. In this thesis, we study efficient methods for incrementally maintaining a uniform random sample of the items in a dataset in the presence of an arbitrary sequence of insertions, updates, and deletions. We consider instances of the maintenance problem that arise when sampling from an evolving set, from an evolving multiset, from the distinct items in an evolving multiset, or from a sliding window over a data stream. Our algorithms completely avoid any accesses to the base data and can be several orders of magnitude faster than algorithms that do rely on such expensive accesses. The improved efficiency of our algorithms comes at virtually no cost: the resulting samples are provably uniform and only a small amount of auxiliary information is associated with the sample. We show that the auxiliary information not only facilitates efficient maintenance, but it can also be exploited to derive unbiased, low-variance estimators for counts, sums, averages, and the number of distinct items in the underlying dataset. In addition to sample maintenance, we discuss methods that greatly improve the flexibility of random sampling from a system's point of view. More specifically, we initiate the study of algorithms that resize a random sample upwards or downwards. Our resizing algorithms can be exploited to dynamically control the size of the sample when the dataset grows or shrinks; they facilitate resource management and help to avoid under- or oversized samples. Furthermore, in large-scale databases with data being distributed across several remote locations, it is usually infeasible to reconstruct the entire dataset for the purpose of sampling. To address this problem, we provide efficient algorithms that directly combine the local samples maintained at each location into a sample of the global dataset. We also consider a more general problem, where the global dataset is defined as an arbitrary set or multiset expression involving the local datasets, and provide efficient solutions based on hashing.
Medical-Grade, Mission-Critical Wireless Networks [Designing an Enterprise Mobility Solution in the Healthcare Environment] (2008)

Today's healthcare environment requires an enterprise mobility solution for both patients and staff. Separate isolated networks are suboptimal from cost, management, scalability, and reliability perspectives. The wireless medical telemetry system (WMTS) does not provide sufficient bandwidth for many hospitals. Therefore, some seek to operate outside of the WMTS. Standards-based 802.11 networks with published reliability tenfold higher than conventional telemetry already meet the requirements for supporting life-critical applications. These 802.11 networks are easily supported on an enterprise scale, and they have advanced and matured to meet the needs for life-critical applications on an enterprise-wide shared network. To achieve peak performance, any network must be properly designed, installed, and validated for its intended use. To maintain peak performance, the network must be actively monitored and managed.
A dorso-ventral asymmetry in the embryonic retina defined by protein conformation. (1990)

In a search for determinants of retinotopic specification we previously identified an antigen in the dorsal embryonic retina as a protein called the 68-kDa laminin receptor. A dorso-ventral asymmetry in a laminin receptor seemed consistent with the known responsiveness of embryonic optic axons to laminin, but there were three peculiar points. (i) The molecular mass of this presumed laminin receptor in immunoblots is not 68 kDa but 43 kDa, and the molecular mass of the protein deduced from the mRNA is only 33 kDa. (ii) The antigen does not have the localization expected of a receptor for the extracellular matrix: the antibodies label mainly a granular cytoplasmic antigen in dorsal retina; an additional sparse cell-surface antigen present on a few cells does not show a dorso-ventral asymmetry. (iii) Despite the pronounced dorso-ventral difference seen immunohistochemically, in immunoblots the 43-kDa protein (p40) is evenly distributed throughout the retina. Here we show that (i) native p40 and in vitro-translated gene product are indistinguishable and their anomalous migration in denaturing gels probably is due to low pI; (ii) p40 is bound in a Mg2(+)-dependent manner to large cytoplasmic complexes that appear to include ribosomes; and (iii) there is a labile conformational difference in p40 between dorsal and ventral retina: dorsally it is more accessible to proteolysis, suggesting a more open conformation. In conjunction with the recent hypothesis that p40 constitutes a translation initiation factor (D. Auth and G. Brawerman, personal communication), these observations point to a dorso-ventral asymmetry in some aspect of protein translation, which in turn may set up differences in recognition factors on retinal growth cones.
Prospective Blinded Study of <i>BRAF</i> V600E Mutation Detection in Cell-Free DNA of Patients with Systemic Histiocytic Disorders (2014)

Patients with BRAF(V600E)-mutant histiocytic disorders have remarkable responses to RAF inhibition, but mutation detection in tissue in these disorders is challenging. Here, we identify that analysis of plasma and urinary cfDNA provides a reliable method to detect the BRAF(V600E) mutation and monitor response to therapy in these disorders.
Static Compaction of Delay Tests Considering Power Supply Noise (2005)

Excessive power supply noise can lead to overkill during delay test. A static compaction algorithm is described in this paper that prevents such overkill. A power supply noise estimation tool has been built and integrated into the compaction process. Compaction results for KLPG delay tests for ISCAS89 circuits under different power grid environments are presented.
The Fabrication and Performance of a Ag / AgCl Reference Electrode in Thionyl Chloride Electrolyte (1987)

Evaluation of the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of charge transfer reactions requires a reference electrode. Ideally, this electrode should exhibit a reproducible, stable, reversible thermodynamic equilibrium potential. In neutral SOCl/sub 2/ electrolyte, the Li/LiCl electrode has exhibited acceptable performance in many cases. However, because lithium electrodes must be fabricated and handled in an inert environment, an alternate, less reactive reference electrode is desirable. One candidate that is widely used in aqueous and non-aqueous electrochemistry is the Ag/AgCl electrode. The present study describes the fabrication and performance of a Ag/AgCl electrode that can be used as a reference in LiAlCl/sub 4/SOCl/sub 2/ battery electrolytes.
A flow cytometric assay using mepacrine for study of uptake and release of platelet dense granule contents (1995)

Diagnosis of platelet dense granule storage pool disease and release defects at present requires a combination of studies including lumiaggregometry, conventional platelet aggregation, radioactive serotonin uptake and release, and electron microscopy. Flow cytometric methods have been developed to study platelet activation, aggregation, and alpha-granule protein release. Here, we have investigated the use of flow cytometry for analysis of platelet dense granule content uptake and release using mepacrine as a fluorescent marker. Mepacrine (quinacrine) is rapidly taken up and localized in dense granules of platelets. For the assay, as little as 20 microliters of blood from a fingerstick collected without anticoagulant or venous blood collected in 3.8% sodium citrate were diluted 1:40 with 2 ml Hanks balanced salt solution (BSS). 300 microliters of this cell suspension were incubated with mepacrine alone, or simultaneously with a mouse monoclonal antibody to human platelet glycoprotein IIb (Tab), used as a platelet-specific marker. The bound monoclonal antibody was then indirectly labelled with the fluorochrome, RED670. 100 microliters of the sample were further diluted with Hanks BSS for one- or two-colour flow cytometric analysis. To verify that mepacrine uptake was related to platelet dense granule content, platelets of beige mice, a strain with dense granule deficiency, were examined. Their mepacrine uptake was substantially decreased compared to that of normal mice. Decreased mepacrine uptake also was demonstrated in platelets of a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in which a deficiency of platelet dense granules is characteristic. In both human and mouse platelets, mepacrine uptake was proportional to platelet size. Thrombin induced mepacrine release in a dose-dependent manner from 0.003 to 0.4 U/ml. Therefore both platelet uptake and release of mepacrine can be readily detected by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry provides an attractive alternative to aggregation and radioactive serotonin as methods to study defects in platelet dense granule function.
Posterior subtenon injection of corticosteroids using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) intravenous cannula (2002)

Injection of corticosteroids into the posterior subtenon space is a well established and highly effective modality in the treatment of intermediate uveitis. The conventional technique of posterior subtenon injection involves the use of a sharp tipped 26-gauge, 5/8 inch needle that must be inserted up to its hub to obtain adequate placement of the drug into the posterior subtenon space. With this technique the risk of perforation of the globe, although minimal, remains a potential complication. Herein is described a new technique for injection of corticosteroids into the posterior subtenon space using an intravenous cannula made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PFTE) that allows safer delivery of the drug into the posterior subtenon space.
High-coupling leaky SAWs on LiTaO<sub>3</sub> thin plate bonded to quartz substrate (2017)

Leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) and longitudinal-type LSAWs (LLSAWs) have a number of beneficial characteristics such as a larger electromechanical coupling factor K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and higher phase velocity than those of Rayleigh-type SAWs. However, LSAWs and LLSAWs have inherent attenuation because they lose energy by continuously radiating bulk waves into the substrate. To solve this problem, the authors previously reported that the attenuation of LSAWs and LLSAWs can be reduced by loading with an aluminum nitride (AlN) thin film with a higher phase velocity than that of the substrate [1,2]. However, K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is reduced owing to the small piezoelectricity of the AlN thin film. In this study, to obtain a substrate structure with a higher K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the propagation properties of LSAWs and LLSAWs on a LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LT) thin plate bonded to a quartz substrate were investigated experimentally.
Antagonism of <I>in vivo</I> and <I>ex vivo</I> response to endotoxin by E5564, a synthetic lipid A analogue (2002)

E5564, a synthetic lipid A analogue, is a selective, highly active antagonist of endotoxin-mediated activation of immune cells. Preclinical research has indicated that E5564 can block endotoxin-mediated induction of cytokines and endotoxin or Gram-negative bacterial-induced death in animal models. Recent phase I clinical trials have focused on the ability of E5564 to block responsiveness to endotoxin. This was done in two ways: in vivo challenge of human volunteers with 4 ng/kg endotoxin, and by use of an ex vivo assay which utilizes blood drawn from volunteers administered E5564 and challenged with endotoxin at concentrations that ranged from 50 pg/ml to 10 ng/ml. In vivo, > or = 100 microg of E5564 completely blocked signs, symptoms and cytokines induced by concomitantly-administered endotoxin. In contrast, subjects receiving a 50 microg dose of E5564 demonstrated a graded response; cytokines were inhibited > or = 95%, but many signs and symptoms of endotoxemia were still evident. E5564 demonstrated a long pharmacokinetic half-life (> 30 h); however, ex vivo analysis indicated that while single doses of 350 microg induced a nearly complete block of the effects of 1 ng/ml endotoxin immediately upon E5564 administration, antagonistic activity declined rapidly (t(1/2) < 1 h). Similar results were obtained in vivo using a delayed endotoxin challenge. These results have driven us to examine antagonistic activity of E5564 in vivo and ex vivo after administration by continuous infusion or twice-daily dosing. Results from these multiple-dose studies indicate that under these conditions of administration, plasma levels of E5564 can be predictive of long-term pharmacodynamic activity.
A genetic algorithm for the longest common subsequence problem (2006)

A genetic algorithm for the longest common subsequence problem encodes candidate sequences as binary strings that indicate subsequences of the shortest or first string. Its fitness function penalizes sequences not found in all the strings. In tests on 84 sets of three strings, a dynamic programming algorithm returns optimum solutions quickly on smaller instances and increasingly slowly on larger instances. Repeated trials of the GA always identify optimum subsequences, and it runs in reasonable times even on the largest instances.
A new calibration method for latent image fidelity (2008)

With the shrinking of all fundamental features in modern IC manufacturing, the aerial image calculation is becoming insufficient for accurate simulation of the printable wafer. In this presentation, a reliable simulation methodology based on basic principles is being introduced which includes an exact analytical solution of the Maxwell equations inside the photoresist as well as all other relevant layers. This solution contains multi-layers including bottom anti-reflection coating (BARC), silicon dioxide, nitride layers, as well as immersion in the medium between the stepper and the photoresist. The calibration is performed in order of parameter importance. This calibration gives higher weight to the most critical parameters. The latent image in the resist is computed, the resulting acid concentration is derived from the latent image, and the PEB (post exposure baking) is completed by invoking a reaction-diffusion system. The diffusion equation component orthogonal to the resist surface is solved exactly in closed form due to the small dimension of the resist thickness. The development is performed in a similar way. The latent image is compared to SEM images and the simulation parameters are calibrated through a newly developed optimization scheme to produce very accurate simulation fidelity. The methodology given here has been very successfully applied in detection of printing failures (hot-spots) for state of the art compact designs. An accuracy smaller than 1nm has been obtained. The system is very fast, suitable for entire chip analysis and highly parallelized. This calibration can be performed on a dual core laptop. Several practical examples are given.
Tet1 and 5-hydroxymethylation (2011)

Inner cell mass (ICM) cells of a blastocyst, the source of embryonic stem (ES) cells, are characterized by their unique ability to give rise to all cell types in adult organisms. The epigenomes of germ cells and developing zygotes undergo extensive reprogramming to acquire such a pluripotent state. A major reprogramming event during early embryonic development is the erasure and subsequent re-establishment of patterns of methylation at the 5-position of cytosine (5mC). The recent demonstration that Ten-eleven translocation family proteins, Tet1-3 have the capacity to convert 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) raises the possibility that 5hmC may act as an distinct epigenetic state contributing to dynamic changes in DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation during embryonic development. In ES cells, Tet1 is highly expressed and 5hmC is present at relatively high levels compared to most differentiated cells, but the functional significance of Tet1 and 5hmC in these pluripotent cells are not clear. Recently, a flurry of papers that profile the distribution of Tet1 and/or 5hmC across the genome of mouse ES cells provide new insights into the role of Tet proteins and 5hmC in regulating expression of genes related to pluripotency and cellular differentiation. Through integrative analyses of datasets from different groups, we reveal the common Tet1 and 5hmC targets in undifferentiated mouse ES cells, which suggest that Tet1 may play a key role in orchestrating the balance between pluripotent and lineage committed states.
An intelligent tool for maintenance scheduling of distribution systems (2002)

This paper presents an expert system developed for a distribution company with the intention of helping the engineer responsible for the requests for equipment outage for preventive maintenance or network expansion. Usually, in order to decide whether these requests should be approved or not, the engineer verifies the possibility of transferring the load during outage considering constraints, such as which and what kind of consumers will be affected by the service, and whether they should be warned about the interruption, or if the timing is inadequate for them, etc.. The support of an intelligent system will allow the engineer to consider many other aspects, for instance, whether it is possible to join two requests in one interruption and, specially, to monitor the reliability indices of the area when the service under analysis is performed. The main objective is to minimise the frequency and duration of interruptions for preventive maintenance avoiding penalties from the regulatory agency.
Aromatization by Skeletal Muscle (1986)

Because peripheral aromatization is the major source of circulating estrogens in men and postmenopausal women, we studied the aromatase activity in muscle tissue from both men and postmenopausal women. To do so, the in vitro conversion of tritiated androstenedione to estrogen in homogenates of skeletal muscles obtained at autopsy was studied. Samples from lower limb muscles of both men and postmenopausal women produced estrogen, ranging from 8.5-39.8 pg/g wet wt. The conversion was almost the same as that reported for human adipose tissue, suggesting that the contributions of muscle and fat to the extraglandular production of estrogens in these subjects might be similar. This is the first direct confirmation of muscle aromatase activity and indicates the possible importance of muscle as an extragonadal source of estrogen in both men and postmenopausal women.
Induced mutations for reduced tuber glycoalkaloid content in potatoes (1996)

Abstract Mutation breeding was used to produce mutants of the potato breeding selection NDA1725‐1 with reduced levels of tuber glycoalkaloids. Excised tuber eye‐pieces were exposed to 35 Gy of gamma rays from a 60 Co source. In the M 1 V 1 , leaf tissue was screened using high‐performance thin layer chromatography and each plant given a relative score based on a subjective rating of band intensity. Tubers were harvested from all plants that produced leaves with relatively low levels of glycoalkaloids. Tuber glycoalkaloids were quantified in the M 1 V 2 and M 1 V 3 using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and 35% and 23% of clones with the lowest glycoalkaloid content were selected for further evaluation in each generation, respectively. In the M 1 V 4 , M 1 V 5 and M 1 V 6 , selection was based on statistically significant differences between the mutant clones and the controls for glycoalkaloid content, as determined using a gravimetric quantification method, as well as on agronomic and quality characteristics. At the end of six clonal generations three selections exhibited acceptable levels of tuber glycoalkaloids and retained enough of the parent clone's exceptional traits to have potential in the commercial potato chip (crisp) industry.
A 2-GHz quadrature hybrid implemented in CMOS technology (2003)

We have derived a lumped-element circuit from its coupled line counterpart for a quadrature hybrid coupler. We discuss the uses, design, and characteristics of such circuits in CMOS technology. We show measured characteristics of an example 50-/spl Omega/ 2-GHz coupler with 65 dB of image rejection, 22 dB of directivity, and a 4.7-dB noise figure.
Quasi-periodic complex-coupled distributed-feedback structures with an exponential-like gradient of coupling (1997)

We investigate theoretically the linear properties of quasi-periodic complex-coupled distributed-feedback (DFB) structures in which the coupling constants experience a longitudinal variation along the propagation axis according to an exponential-like relationship (exp, sh, ch, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/). The results of the simulations are in good accordance with what could be expected at first sight from the particular form taken in this case by the coupled-wave equations. In particular, the gradient of coupling can provide a shift, either of the apparent average absorption (respectively, gain) or of the detuning from Bragg resonance, depending upon its exact form, Moreover, we show that this shift is asymmetric with respect to the direction of propagation, leading to a nonreciprocal behavior in reflection. We extend our analysis up to the laser modes at threshold.
Presentation: TacNet Tracker(c) Built-In Capabilities for Situational Awareness Oct. 13-16 2008. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Maximum mutual information SPLICE transform for seen and unseen conditions (2005)

SPLICE is a front-end technique for automatic speech recognition systems. It is a non-linear feature space transformation meant to increase recognition accuracy. Our previous work has shown how to train SPLICE to perform speech feature enhancement. This paper evaluates a maximum mutual information (MMI) based discriminative training method for SPLICE. Discriminative techniques tend to excel when the training and testing data are similar, and to degrade performance significantly otherwise. This paper explores both cases in detail using the Aurora 2 corpus. The overall recognition accuracy of the MMI-SPLICE system is slightly better than the Advanced Front End standard from ETSI, and much better than previous SPLICE training algorithms. Most notably, it achieves this without explicitly resorting to the standard techniques of environment modeling, noise modeling or spectral subtraction.