gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing pH-sensitive gemini nanoparticles for non-viral gene delivery into keratinocytes (2012)

This study aimed to develop a more effective non-viral gene delivery system for keratinocyte transfection. To this end, gemini nanoparticles were formulated from plasmid DNA, the lipid DOPE (dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) and surfactants, where the surfactant components are novel pH-sensitive gemini surfactant derivatives based on the m-7-m (alkyl chain–spacer–alkyl chain, m-s-m) unsubstituted base structure. The resultant 1,9-bis(alkyl)-1,1,9,9-tetramethyl-5-amino-1,9-nonanediammonium dibromide surfactants, m-7NH-m, where m = 12, 16, 18 and 18:1, are hypothesized to stage endosomal release of DNA. The m = 18:1 chain, i.e., mono-unsaturated oleyl chain, is an alkenyl chain analogue for comparison with the saturated m = 18 alkyl chain based on the m-7NH-m frame. Analytical and physicochemical characterization of the gemini surfactants included purity, aggregation properties under pH 2.5–10.5, critical micellar concentration and pKa. Gemini nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopic studies. Keratinocyte transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity were evaluated using the luciferase reporter assay and luminescent cell viability assay, respectively. Gemini nanoparticles formulated from the m-7NH-m gemini surfactants at a surfactant:DNA charge ratio (ρ±) 10:1 showed higher transfection efficiency compared to the unsubstituted compounds (m-7-m, m-3-m series) (p < 0.01). Transfection efficiency increased with increasing tail length, i.e., m = 12 < m = 16 < m = 18 (p > 0.01), although the difference between m = 16 and m = 18 was insignificant. Morphological studies of the nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy showed fusogenic changes at pH = 5. The incorporation of a pH-active amine group within the spacer of the gemini surfactants significantly enhanced transfection efficiency in keratinocytes. This may be attributed to optimal interactions between DNA phosphate groups and the m-7NH-m gemini surfactants owing to their –NH– groups, trimethylene spacing between nitrogen centers and the acidic pH-induced polymorphic changes, leading to endosomal release of plasmid. Such results highlight the amino-substituted gemini surfactants as potential components for developing non-viral nanoparticles with enhanced gene delivery for targeting diseases affecting the skin.
SLA Protection models for virtualized data centers (2009)

Enterprise services must satisfy strong requirements that are coded in agreements with customers, commonly called service level agreements (SLA). To satisfy SLAs in critical conditions, conventional data centers are often greatly over-dimensioned, wasting resources and raising service costs. Virtualized data centers (VDC) provide an opportunity to significantly reduce over-dimensioning, and so reduce service costs without negatively affecting service agreements, through dynamic adaptation. In this paper, we discuss the problems involved in creating self-adaptive enterprise services in virtualized data centers, and we investigate solution strategies. We envision a set of models that help adaptation controllers to identify suitable reactions to changes in service level agreement and environmental execution conditions. We introduce models at different abstraction levels, to support the evaluation of the impacts of adaptation actions on system and SLA. We explore the requirements and specify the characteristics of these models through a case study: a video on demand service delivered using VDCs.
Energy- and time-efficient matrix multiplication on FPGAs (2005)

We develop new algorithms and architectures for matrix multiplication on configurable devices. These have reduced energy dissipation and latency compared with the state-of-the-art field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based designs. By profiling well-known designs, we identify "energy hot spots", which are responsible for most of the energy dissipation. Based on this, we develop algorithms and architectures that offer tradeoffs among the number of I/O ports, the number of registers, and the number of PEs. To avoid time-consuming low-level simulations for energy profiling and performance prediction of many alternate designs, we derive functions to represent the impact of algorithm design choices on the system-wide energy dissipation, area, and latency. These functions are used to either optimize the energy performance or provide tradeoffs for a family of candidate algorithms and architectures. For selected designs, we perform extensive low-level simulations using state-of-the-art tools and target FPGA devices. We show a design space for matrix multiplication on FPGAs that results in tradeoffs among energy, area, and latency. For example, our designs improve the energy performance of state-of-the-art FPGA-based designs by 29%-51% without any increase in the area-latency product. The latency of our designs is reduced one-third to one-fifteenth while area is increased 1.9-9.4 times. In terms of comprehensive metrics such as Energy-Area-Time, our designs exhibit superior performance compared with the state-of-the-art by 50%-79%.
Review: Evidence is unclear that preventive home visits for elderly persons in the community improve mortality or health outcomes (2000)

Source Citation van Haastregt JC, Diederiks JP, van Rossum E, de Witte LP, Crebolder HF. Effects of preventive home visits to elderly people living in the community: systematic review. BMJ. 2000 Mar 18; 320:754-8. 10720360
Mitochondrial Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Proteins: in Search for New Functions (2001)

During the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, genes encoding proteins involved in the metabolism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been transferred from the endosymbiont into the host genome. Mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding (mtSSB) proteins serve as an excellent argument supporting this aspect of the endosymbiotic theory. The crystal structure of the human mtSSB, together with an abundance of biochemical and genetic data, revealed several exciting features of mtSSB proteins and enabled a detailed comparison with their prokaryotic counterparts. Moreover, identification of a novel member of the mtSSB family, mitochondrial telomere-binding protein of the yeast Candida parapsilosis, has raised interesting questions regarding mtDNA metabolism and evolution.
Mononuclear and Polynuclear Chain Complexes of a Series of Multinucleating N/S Donor Ligands (2005)

Abstract We have prepared a series of five ligands with potentially N,S‐bidentate chelating arms derived from 3‐[2‐(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]pyrazole linked to central aromatic spacers by methylene units. Complexes with a variety of architectures have been obtained, including simple mononuclear complexes and polynuclear chain complexes. The p ‐xylyl‐spaced ligand L 1 forms one‐dimensional helical coordination polymers with copper( I ) and silver( I ) ions. These polymers display interligand aromatic stacking interactions within each helical chain. The m ‐xylyl‐spaced ligand L 2 forms a coordination polymer with copper( I ) but a mononuclear complex with the larger silver( I ) ion in which the central phenyl ring is involved in an η 1 π‐type Ag ··· C interaction with the Ag I . The 3,3′‐biphenyl‐spaced ligand L 3 also forms one‐dimensional polymers with silver( I ) and copper( I ) ions, but in this case the sequence of bridging ligands between one metal centre and the next follows a zig‐zag path rather than being helical. The 1,8‐naphthyl‐spaced ligand L 4 only forms mononuclear complexes with copper( I ) and silver( I ) ions showing that this spacer is not large enough to enforce a bridging coordination mode. The three‐armed ligand L 5 , prepared from 2,4,6‐tris(bromomethyl)mesitylene, also forms a mononuclear complex with silver( I ) ions, where one of the three arms is pendant. However, when excess silver( I ) ions are present two of these mononuclear complexes can be assembled into the trinuclear complex [Ag 3 (L 5 ) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 3 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Structure of methyl(1,5,6-trihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ammonium bromide (1986)

Cristallisation dans le systeme triclinique, groupe P1 et affinement jusqu'a R=0,051. Conformation demi-chaise de la partie cyclohexane
Variable pulse width alternating phase duobinary modulation optical transmission (2006)

Transmission of 40 Gb/s alternating phases 0 and π duo-binary modulation format with 67%, 50% and 33% pulse width (modulation duobinary carrier suppression-CS and carrier maximum pulse carving) is demonstrated. A minimum 136 ps/nm dispersion tolerance can be achieved at this transmission rate. At least 5 dB and 1.2 dB receiver sensitivity improvement are achieved for CSRZ 67% and RZ 50% duobinary modulation respectively as compared with the experimental measurement under CSRZ-DPSK transmission over 320 km 3-span optically amplified dispersion compensated standard single mode fiber system.
Three-dimensional selective imaging of sound sources (2009)

A technique for 3-D selective imaging of sound sources is described analytically and demonstrated experimentally. One-dimensional recordings of the acoustic field is measured using laser vibrometry ...
Distributed multilink system for very-high-speed data link control (1993)

A protocol control system architecture that provides very high processing performance for gigabit-per-second data communication in a broadband network is described. The architecture connects protocol controllers in parallel and uses a distributed multilink method that features a distributed algorithm for allocating transmission on the transmitting side and a resequencing algorithm on the receiving side. The system performance and the influence of transmission errors caused by cell loss in an asynchronous transfer mode network are evaluated. It is shown that by reducing each controller's distributing overhead, the system increases throughput up to 90 times that achieved when using a single controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combinational diversity within variable regions bearing the predominant anti-<i>p</i>-azophenylarsonate idiotype of strain A mice. (1985)

The humoral immune response in strain A mice to protein conjugates of p-azophenylarsonate (Ars) is characterized by the presence of a major cross-reactive idiotype denoted as IdCR. Previous molecular analyses of monoclonal IdCR+ Ars-binding antibodies isolated from multiply immunized animals have indicated that these antibody variable (V) regions may be the expressed product of a single combination of VH, D, JH, V kappa, and J kappa gene segments. The basis of this apparent domination of the Ars response by V regions encoded by this single combination of gene segments is unclear, but is discussed in this report. Our structural analyses on five monoclonal IdCR+ antibodies that are unable to bind Ars show that in contrast to those of Ars-binding IdCR+ antibodies, these (Ars-nonbinding) IdCR+ V regions are encoded by multiple combinations of VH, D, JH, V kappa, and J kappa gene segments, but with the commonality that they all utilize a single VH gene segment (VHIdCR). We provide examples in which the VHIdCR gene segment is expressed with three different V kappa gene segments and with each of the four JH gene segments to produce serologically detectable IdCR+ Ars-nonbinding antibodies. It would thus appear that the previous failure to detect alternative IdCR+ V segment combinations was due to a sampling procedure requiring that the IdCR+ antibody bind Ars, and not the result of restricted assembly or expression of the VHIdCR gene segment with a particular combination of D, JH, V kappa, and J kappa gene segments. This bias in protocol, however, cannot completely account for the homogeneity in previously studied IdCR+ Ars-binding antibodies, because we were able to isolate, from primary immune responses, IdCR+ antibodies that do bind Ars but that utilize alternative V segment combinations. This finding suggests that combinations of V gene segments encoding IdCR+ antibodies are more numerous in primary as opposed to secondary immune responses, and raises the question of why a single combination of VH, D, JH, V kappa, and J kappa gene segments dominates the secondary strain A immune response to Ars.
An Integrated Approach for Drilling Optimization Using Advanced Drilling Optimizer (2015)

The ability to optimize drilling procedures and economics involves simulation to understand the effects operational parameters and equipment design have on the ROP. An analysis applying drilling performance modeling to optimize drilling operations has been conducted to address this issue. This study shows how optimum operational parameters and equipment can be predicted by simulating drilling operations of preexisting wells in a Northwest Louisiana field. Reference well data was gathered and processed to predict the “drillability” of the formations encountered by inverting bit specific ROP models to solve for rock strength. The output data generated for the reference well was formatted to simulate upcoming wells. A comparative analysis was conducted between the predicted results and the actual results to show the accuracy of the simulation. A significant higher accuracy is shown between the simulated and actual drilling results. Once simulations were validated, optimum drilling parameters and equipment specifications were found by varying different combinations of weight on bit (WOB), rotary speed (RPM), hydraulics, and bit specifications until the highest drilling rate is achieved for each well. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the optimized results was conducted to assess the potential operational and economic benefits on drilling operations.
CogniCrypt <sub> <i>GEN</i> </sub> : generating code for the secure usage of crypto APIs (2020)

Many software applications are insecure because they misuse cryptographic APIs. Prior attempts to address misuses focused on detecting them after the fact. However, avoiding such misuses in the first place would significantly reduce development cost.
Fast Algorithm for Modulated Complex Lapped Transform (2008)

A new algorithm for the modulated complex lapped transform (MCLT) with a sine windowing function is presented. It is shown that by merging the windowing operation with the main computation, both the real and the imaginary parts of the MCLT with 2 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> inputs can be obtained from two <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -point discrete cosine transforms of type II (DCTs-II) of appropriate inputs. The resulting algorithm is computationally very efficient. In general, the value of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is an even number. When <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is a power of 2, the proposed algorithm uses only <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> log <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> + 2 real multiplications (including the scaling factors in the DCT computation), with none of those being outside the DCT blocks.
Solid Phase Synthesis and Evaluation of Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe(<i>p</i>-NHCOCH<sub>2</sub>Br) ([Phe(<i>p</i>-bromoacetamide)<sup>4</sup>]TIPP), a Potent Affinity Label for δ Opioid Receptors (2002)

Derivatives of the delta opioid receptor selective peptide Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH (TIPP) containing a p-bromoacetamide moiety on the phenyl ring of Phe(3) or Phe(4) were prepared by solid phase synthesis. [Phe(p-NHCOCH(2)Br)(4)]TIPP exhibited high affinity for cloned delta receptors (IC(50) = 5.4 nM), and incubation with only 2.5 nM resulted in 85% wash resistant inhibition of radioligand binding to delta receptors. Therefore, this peptide is a potent affinity label for further study of delta opioid receptors.
Antagonistic actions of <i>Arabidopsis</i> cryptochromes and phytochrome B in the regulation of floral induction (1999)

The Arabidopsis photoreceptors cry1, cry2 and phyB are known to play roles in the regulation of flowering time, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously hypothesized that phyB mediates a red-light inhibition of floral initiation and cry2 mediates a blue-light inhibition of the phyB function. Studies of the cry2/phyB double mutant provide direct evidence in support of this hypothesis. The function of cryptochromes in floral induction was further investigated using the cry2/cry1 double mutants. The cry2/cry1 double mutants showed delayed flowering in monochromatic blue light, whereas neither monogenic cry1 nor cry2 mutant exhibited late flowering in blue light. This result suggests that, in addition to the phyB-dependent function, cry2 also acts redundantly with cry1 to promote floral initiation in a phyB-independent manner. To understand how photoreceptors regulate the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development, we examined the effect of sequential illumination by blue light and red light on the flowering time of plants. We found that there was a light-quality-sensitive phase of plant development, during which the quality of light exerts a profound influence on flowering time. After this developmental stage, which is between approximately day-1 to day-7 post germination, plants are committed to floral initiation and the quality of light has little effect on the flowering time. Mutations in either the PHYB gene or both the CRY1 and CRY2 genes resulted in the loss of the light-quality-sensitive phase manifested during floral development. The commitment time of floral transition, defined by a plant's sensitivity to light quality, coincides with the commitment time of inflorescence development revealed previously by a plant's sensitivity to light quantity - the photoperiod. Therefore, the developmental mechanism resulting in the commitment to flowering appears to be the direct target of the antagonistic actions of the photoreceptors.
Broadband 2 × 2 adiabatic 3  dB coupler using silicon-on-insulator sub-wavelength grating waveguides (2016)

We report on a compact, broadband, 2×2 adiabatic 3 dB coupler using sub-wavelength gratings (SWGs) for silicon-on-insulator waveguides. In our device, two SWG waveguides that support two transverse electric modes and have tapered waveguide widths were used to achieve an adiabatic mode evolution of the two-waveguide system for broadband 3 dB power splitting. We present results for a SWG adiabatic 3 dB coupler that has an overall coupler length of 50 μm and achieves broadband power splitting over a 130 nm wavelength range with an imbalance of no greater than ±0.3 dB and with low excess losses of less than 0.5 dB.
A comparison of methods for trend estimation (1999)

Abstract This paper analyses a number of methods for trend estimation focusing on their ability to pick up turning points quickly at the end of a series. An application to the Bank of England flows M4 series is provided which shows that some of the proposed methods may be more reliable than others for this task.
Enhancing GMM scores using SVM "hints" (2001)

This paper proposes a classification scheme that combines statistical models and support vector machines. It exploits the fact (observed in [1]) that GMM and SVM classifiers with roughly the same level of performance produce uncorrelated errors. We describe a novel scheme which employs an SVM classifier as an “advisor” to the GMM classifier in uncertain cases. The utility of the combined generative/discriminative approach is demonstrated on standard text-independent speaker verification and speaker identification tasks in matched and mismatched training and test conditions. Results indicate significant improvements in performance without much computational overhead.
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE: DETERMINATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS (1986)

Abstract The effects of cellulose substrate concentration, cellulase enzyme concentration, and product concentration on the kinetic parameters involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose have been studied. The Michaelis constant showed a decreasing trend with a decreasing crystallinity of cellulose substrate while the maximum reaction rate showed an increasing trend. These kinetic parameters were found to be significantly larger when the enzyme concentration was increased. The adsorption kinetic parameters showed an increasing trend as the crystallinity is decreased. It was found that the optimal enzyme loading should be determined by the source, concentration, and crystallinity of cellulose substrate and the initial specific rate of cellulose hydrolysis which is, in large part, influenced by the degree of crystallinity of cellulose substrate. The inhibition constant for cellulase-by cellobiose and that for cellobiase were also determined. These kinetic parameters determined experimentally can be applied to kinetic modeling and simulation of cellulose hydrolysis.
Differential expression of two novel Munc13 proteins in rat brain (1999)

Munc13-1, a mammalian homologue of Caenorhabditis elegans unc-13p, is a presynaptic phorbol ester receptor that enhances neurotransmitter release. In the present study we analysed the regional, cellular and subcellular expression patterns in rat of two novel Munc13 proteins, Munc13-2 and Munc13-3. We demonstrate by hybridization in situ that Munc13-1 mRNA is expressed throughout the brain, whereas Munc13-2 mRNA is preferentially present in rostral brain regions, and Munc13-3 mRNA in caudal areas. In an analysis of subcellular brain fractions with isoform-specific antibodies, we show that the novel Munc13 proteins are enriched in synapses. Immunocytochemical examination of rat cerebellar sections indicates that Munc13-3, like Munc13-1, is concentrated in presynaptic terminals. Our results characterize Munc13 proteins as a family of neuron-specific, synaptic molecules that bind to syntaxin, an essential mediator of neurotransmitter release. Munc13-2 and Munc13-3 are expressed in a complementary fashion and might act in concert with Munc13-1 to modulate neurotransmitter release.
Storage area networking - Secure group key management for storage area networks (2003)

Storage area networks offer high availability, reliability, and scalability, and are a promising solution for large-scale storage needs of many enterprises. As with any distributed storage system, a major design challenge for SANs is to provide secure storage, which implies data integrity and data confidentiality. In this article we propose a solution that addresses these core security requirements. In particular, we focus on mechanisms that enable efficient key management for SAN entities and allow scalable data sharing. We use strong cryptographic techniques to achieve data security and integrity. Further, we delegate the bulk of the cryptographic processing to the SAN entities, thereby removing bottlenecks at disks and causing minimal inconvenience to hosts. By recognizing the peer nature of the group of SAN entities, we propose a novel security architecture for SAN that uses a secure group communication protocol to provide efficient group keying without involving any centralized servers. This fosters both scalability and fault tolerance.