gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Digital Mammograms (2001)

Abstract : The long-term goal of our research is to develop computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) techniques to improve the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. We have developed a computer technique that can classify breast calcifications in mammograms accurately, and this technique as a diagnostic aid has been shown to be able to improve radiologists' diagnostic accuracy. We have determined that Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BI- RADS) lesion descriptions provided by radiologists can be used as supplemental data to computer-extracted image features to improve the performance of computer classification of malignant and benign breast lesions. We have also found that our computer classification technique developed on screen-film mammograms, can achieve equally high performance on full-filed digital mammograms. This high performance is little affected by variability in the way in which radiologists indicate the general location of calcifications to the computer, which is designed as a means for the radiologist to query the computer aid. These results suggest that the computer technique has the potential to become a clinically useful and viable tool for diagnostic mammography.
Biochemical and immunological studies of nucleocapsid proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome and 229E human coronaviruses (2005)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious health threat and its early diagnosis is important for infection control and potential treatment of the disease. Diagnostic tools require rapid and accurate methods, of which a capture ELISA method may be useful. Toward this goal, we have prepared and characterized soluble full-length nucleocapsid proteins (N protein) from SARS and 229E human coronaviruses. N proteins form oligomers, mostly as dimers at low concentration. These two N proteins degrade rapidly upon storage and the major degraded N protein is the C-terminal fragment of amino acid (aa) 169-422. Taken together with other data, we suggest that N protein is a two-domain protein, with the N-terminal aa 50-150 as the RNA-binding domain and the C-terminal aa 169-422 as the dimerization domain. Polyclonal antibodies against the SARS N protein have been produced and the strong binding sites of the anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibodies produced were mapped to aa 1-20, aa 150-170 and aa 390-410. These sites are generally consistent with those mapped by sera obtained from SARS patients. The SARS anti-NP antibody was able to clearly detect SARS virus grown in Vero E6 cells and did not cross-react with the NP from the human coronavirus 229E. We have predicted several antigenic sites (15-20 amino acids) of S, M and N proteins and produced antibodies against those peptides, some of which could be recognized by sera obtained from SARS patients. Antibodies against the NP peptides could detect the cognate N protein clearly. Further refinement of these antibodies, particularly large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies, could lead to the development of useful diagnostic kits for diseases associated with SARS and other human coronaviruses.
Molecular Basis of the Interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eaf3 Chromo Domain with Methylated H3K36 (2008)

Eaf3 is a component of both NuA4 histone acetyltransferase and Rpd3S histone deacetylase complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is involved in the regulation of the global pattern of histone acetylation that distinguishes promoters from coding regions. Eaf3 contains a chromo domain at the N terminus that can bind to methylated Lys-36 of histone H3 (H3K36). We report here the crystal structures of the Eaf3 chromo domain in two truncation forms. Unlike the typical HP1 and Polycomb chromo domains, which contain a large groove to bind the modified histone tail, the Eaf3 chromo domain assumes an autoinhibited chromo barrel domain similar to the human MRG15 chromo domain. Compared with other chromo domains, the Eaf3 chromo domain contains a unique 38-residue insertion that folds into two short beta-strands and a long flexible loop to flank the beta-barrel core. Both isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance studies indicate that the interaction between the Eaf3 chromo domain and the trimethylated H3K36 peptide is relatively weak, with a K(D) of approximately 10(-4) m. NMR titration studies demonstrate that the methylated H3K36 peptide is bound to the cleft formed by the C-terminal alpha-helix and the beta-barrel core. Site-directed mutagenesis study and in vitro binding assay results show that the conserved aromatic residues Tyr-23, Tyr-81, Trp-84, and Trp-88, which form a hydrophobic pocket at one end of the beta-barrel, are essential for the binding of the methylated H3K36. These results reveal the molecular mechanism of the recognition and binding of the methylated H3K36 by Eaf3 and provide new insights into the functional roles of the Eaf3 chromo domain.
Screening of Predicted Secreted Antigens from <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Identifies Potential Novel Differential Diagnostic Reagents (2010)

To date, the most promising vaccination strategies for the control of bovine tuberculosis (TB) focus on improving the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, vaccination with BCG results in sensitization of animals to bovine tuberculin and compromises tests currently used for diagnosis of bovine TB infection. Thus, the development of specific diagnostic reagents capable of discriminating between infected and uninfected vaccinated animals (DIVA) is of high priority. To test the hypothesis that M. bovis-secreted proteins are likely to contain immunogenic antigens that can be used to increase the specificity of diagnostic tests, we screened 379 pools of overlapping peptides representing 119 antigens for their ability to stimulate a gamma inferferon (IFN-gamma) response in vitro using whole blood from both TB reactor and BCG-vaccinated animals. Peptide pools representing antigens Rv3020c and Rv2346c induced responses in 61% and 57% of the TB reactor animals, respectively, without inducing responses in any BCG-vaccinated animal studied. Furthermore, individual peptides contained within pools recognized by BCG vaccinates were identified that were specific and induced IFN-gamma responses in TB reactor animals. From these results, we constructed a cocktail of nine peptides representing multiple antigen targets that was recognized by 54% of TB reactor animals but also failed to induce responses in any BCG-vaccinated animal studied. In summary, we have identified three peptide cocktails for prioritization in larger trials to discriminate between M. bovis infection and BCG vaccination.
Room temperature ferroelectric and magnetic investigations and detailed phase analysis of Aurivillius phase Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Co0.3O15 thin films (2012)

Aurivillius phase Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Co0.3O15 (BTF7C3O) thin films on α-quartz substrates were fabricated by a chemical solution deposition method and the room temperature ferroelectric and magnetic properties of this candidate multiferroic were compared with those of thin films of Mn3+ substituted, Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Mn0.3O15 (BTF7M3O). Vertical and lateral piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements of the films conclusively demonstrate that BTF7C3O and BTF7M3O thin films are piezoelectric and ferroelectric at room temperature, with the major polarization vector in the lateral plane of the films. No net magnetization was observed for the in-plane superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry measurements of BTF7M3O thin films. In contrast, SQUID measurements of the BTF7C3O films clearly demonstrated ferromagnetic behavior, with a remanent magnetization, Br, of 6.37 emu/cm3 (or 804 memu/g), remanent moment = 4.99 × 10−5 emu. The BTF7C3O films were scrutinized by x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis mapping to assess the prospect of the observed multiferroic properties being intrinsic to the main phase. The results of extensive micro-structural phase analysis demonstrated that the BTF7C3O films comprised of a 3.95% Fe/Co-rich spinel phase, likely CoFe2 − xTixO4, which would account for the observed magnetic moment in the films. Additionally, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) imaging confirmed that the majority of magnetic response arises from the Fe sites of Fe/Co-rich spinel phase inclusions. While the magnetic contribution from the main phase could not be determined by the XMCD-PEEM images, these data however imply that the Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Co0.3O15 thin films are likely not single phase multiferroics at room temperature. The PFM results presented demonstrate that the naturally 2D nanostructured Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Co0.3O15 phase is a novel ferroelectric and has potential commercial applications in high temperature piezoelectric and ferroelectric memory technologies. The implications for the conclusive demonstration of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties in single-phase materials of this type are discussed.
A short history of blebbing (2008)

Blebs are protrusions of the cell membrane. They are the result of actomyosin contractions of the cortex, which cause either transient detachment of the cell membrane from the actin cortex or a rupture in the actin cortex. Then, cytosol streams out of the cell body and inflates the newly formed bleb. During expansion, which lasts approximately 30 s, the bleb is devoid of actin and the surface area increases through further tearing of membrane from the cortex and convective flows of lipids in the plane of the membrane through the bleb neck. Once expansion slows, an actin cortex is reconstituted. First actin-membrane linker proteins, such as ezrin, are recruited to the bleb, then actin, actin-bundling proteins and finally myosin motor proteins. Retraction lasts approximately 2 min and is powered by myosin motor proteins. Though it has been less studied than other actin-based membrane protrusions such as lamellipodia or filopodia, blebbing is a common feature of cell physiology during cell movement, cytokinesis, cell spreading and apoptosis. This review will succinctly attempt to summarize what we know about the mechanisms involved in blebbing, when it appears in cell physiology and what open questions remain.
A data acquisition and processing system for 3D position sensitive CZT gamma-ray spectrometers (1999)

A PC-based data acquisition and processing system has been developed for two 3-D position-sensitive CZT /spl gamma/ ray detectors. For each 3-D CZT detector, an integrated readout chip (VA1) is used to read out the signals from the 11/spl times/11 anode pixels. Two independent preamplifiers are used to read out the signals from the cathode and the grid electrodes that are used as trigger signals for low and high energy incident /spl gamma/ rays, respectively. A PC-based DAQ board samples the amplitudes of the signals from the anode pixels and the cathode. The software collects and processes the energy spectra from the sampling data. The typical equivalent electronic noise of this system is measured to be 6 keV and 7 keV for the two 3-D CZT detectors, and the dynamic range of the system is up to 1 MeV. Spectra from 60, 122 and 662 keV /spl gamma/ rays have been successfully measured using the two 3-D CZT detectors.
High Performance Audio Power Amplifiers for music performance and reproduction (1996)

Power amplifiers and their performance lie at the heart of audio engineering and provide some challenging problems for the engineer. Ben Duncan's experience, as an audio consultant, analog electronics designer and author, give him an unique insight into this difficult but rewarding field.Linking analog electronics, acoustics, heat and music technology; high-end hi-fi and professional PA and recording studio use; theory, modelling and real-world practice; design and repair; the old and the new, the mainstream and the specialised, this comprehensive guide to power amps is a core reference for anyone in the industry, and any interested onlookers.Ben Duncan is well known to many users of audio power amplifiers around the world, both professional and domestic, through his articles, reviews and research papers on music technology in the UK and US press, and through his part in creating several notable professional power amplifiers. Since 1977, he has been involved in the design of over 70 innovative, high-end audio products used by recording and broadcast studios, on stages, in clubs and by the most critical domestic listeners - as well as creating bespoke equipment for top musicians. Born in London, he has travelled widely but has lived mainly in Lincolnshire, home of his family for over 150 years. He is twice co-author of the book Rock Hardware in which he has chronicled the history of rock'n'roll PA.
Social TV: How Marketers Can Reach and Engage Audiences by Connecting Television to the Web, Social Media, and Mobile (2012)

Preface ix Acknowledgments xi About the Authors xv Introduction 1 1 The Backchannel: Bringing the Social Conversation to the Forefront 7 2 Social TV Guides: Curating Social Media for Content Discovery 33 3 TV Check-In Services: Creating Vertical Social Networks around Television 57 4 The Second Screen: Enhancing TV with Synched Content Experiences 81 5 Social TV Ratings: Adding a New Dimension to Television Audience Measurement 109 6 Bridge Content: Driving Engagement In-Between Episode Airings 133 7 Audience Addressability: Using Online and Direct Mail Targeting Practices on TV 157 8 TV Everywhere: Watching TV Content Whenever and Wherever 177 9 Connected TVs: Blending Online Content with Television Content 203 10 Conclusion (for Now): Connecting the Dots 227 11 To Be Continued ...: Filling in the Gaps 241 Notes 245 Index 259
Photoetching Of Polymers With Excimer Lasers (1987)

Photoetching with excimer lasers has been studied in a variety of polymeric materials. Photoetching rates of polymers irradiated were measured at various laser wavelengths and fluences. The relationship of these results to the polymer absorption coefficient is examined. We propose that different mechanisms of photoetching may prevail, which depend on the absorption coefficient of the polymer. Potential use of this dry-etching process for lithography applications is evaluated.
Fast face detection and species classification of African great apes (2011)

Decline of biodiversity has become a serious problem on a global scale. Therefore environmental groups try to protect the endangered species populations. To this end, autonomous video traps are powerful instruments to monitor population sizes in the wild. These systems are used increasingly, however manually analyzing the huge amount of data gathered by video traps is taking a lot of time. Therefore automatic video analysis systems are in great demand. In this paper we show that technology developed for human face detection and analysis can successfully be applied to African great apes. We describe the algorithms and demonstrate the performance of the system using the example of chimpanzee and gorilla faces. Moreover we depict two different methods for species classification and compare the capabilities to distinguish between both species.
Induced-polarization modelling using complex electrical conductivities (1996)

A numerical technique for induced-polarization (IP) modelling of arbitrary 2-D or 3-D distributions of electrical conductivity is developed. This technique is based on the premise that, due to polarization effects, the conductivity is complex. Complex finite-difference equations are obtained for the complex potential by an elemental volume discretization. The accuracy of the discretization is improved by the application of asymptotic boundary conditions and singularity removal. The resulting linear set of complex equations is symmetric. It is solved by a generalized conjugate gradient method which is speeded up by pre-conditioning techniques. A compact storage scheme fully utilizes the sparsity and the symmetry of the matrix. The complex arithmetic ensures that the resulting values of amplitude and phase angle of apparent resistivity can be directly compared with the measured quantities of a spectral IP survey. Models of a layered half-space and of a buried cube are chosen to demonstrate the good agreement of the apparent resistivity curves with the results from other numerical techniques.
Concept-to-speech conversion for reply speech generation in a spoken dialogue system for road guidance and its prosodic control (2006)

Because of advancements of speech and language processing, a number of spoken dialogue systems have been constructed. However, because most of them adopt existing text-to-speech synthesizers to generate output speech, it is rather difficult to reflect all the linguistic information that is obtained during the reply sentence generation. To resolve this situation, a framework must correctly reflect higher-level linguistic information, such as syntactic structure and discourse information, on the prosody of output speech: concept-to-speech conversion, where reply sentences are generated from information (to be transmitted) and converted into speech in a unified process. A spoken dialogue system for road guidance was constructed, and concept-to-speech conversion was realized in the system. The linguistic information of the generated sentence is handled in tag LISP form to retain the syntactic structures throughout the process. Moreover, a new method of sentence generation from concept was realized with this system: it handles a concept in phrase units and aggregates them to form a sentence. It is tested whether the linguistic information could be reflected properly on the prosody of output speech. Results of listening experiments verified the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Web scale photo hash clustering on a single machine (2015)

This paper addresses the problem of clustering a very large number of photos (i.e. hundreds of millions a day) in a stream into millions of clusters. This is particularly important as the popularity of photo sharing websites, such as Facebook, Google, and Instagram. Given large number of photos available online, how to efficiently organize them is an open problem. To address this problem, we propose to cluster the binary hash codes of a large number of photos into binary cluster centers. We present a fast binary k-means algorithm that works directly on the similarity-preserving hashes of images and clusters them into binary centers on which we can build hash indexes to speedup computation. The proposed method is capable of clustering millions of photos on a single machine in a few minutes. We show that this approach is usually several magnitude faster than standard k-means and produces comparable clustering accuracy. In addition, we propose an online clustering method based on binary k-means that is capable of clustering large photo stream on a single machine, and show applications to spam detection and trending photo discovery.
Transfer of autologous mitochondria from adipose tissue-derived stem cells rescues oocyte quality and infertility in aged mice (2017)

Elder women suffer from low or loss of fertility because of decreasing oocyte quality as maternal aging. As energy resource, mitochondria play pivotal roles in oocyte development, determining oocyte quality. With advanced maternal age, increased dysfunctions emerge in oocyte mitochondria, which decrease oocyte quality and its developmental potential. Mitochondria supplement as a possible strategy for improving egg quality has been in debate due to ethnic problems. Heterogeneity is an intractable problem even transfer of germinal vesicle, spindle, pronuclei or polar body is employed. We proposed that the autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) mitochondria could improve the fertility in aged mice. We found that autologous ADSC mitochondria could promote oocyte quality, embryo development and fertility in aged mice, which may provide a promising strategy for treatment of low fertility or infertility in elder women.
Utility of anti‐Sm, anti‐RNP, anti–Ro/SS‐A, and anti–La/SS‐B (extractable nuclear antigens) detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (1996)

The presence of anti-ENA antibodies, especially anti-Ro/SS-A, is a useful predictor for the diagnosis of SLE, primarily among patients attending a referral rheumatology center who are positive for ANA and negative for anti-dsDNA. No major clinical differences were noted among ANA+ SLE patients with versus those without ENA.
Chemical composition of the essential oil and hexanic fraction of Lippia and Lantana species (2010)

A comparison between two extraction approaches of volatiles compounds from six species of Verbenaceae collected at Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil was done. The essential oil and hexanic fraction of leaves from two Lantana and four Lippia species collected in two different seasons were analyzed by GC/MS. Among various identified compounds from both extraction methods the majority of species showed major amounts of β-caryophyllene followed by germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene and α-pinene. Few differences were observed between the composition of essential oil and the hexanic fraction regarding the two studied genera. These results suggest that the analysis of hexanic fraction can be used, as an alternative way, to analyze the volatile compounds of the essential oil.
ChemInform Abstract: The Influence of a 15‐Hydroxy Group on the Rearrangement Reactions of Steviol and Its 16,17‐Epoxide. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the Active Principles of the Thymelaeaceae (1982)

The toxic and irritant diterpene esters present in Pimelea prostrata (Thymelaeaceae) were isolated and characterized. Of the tigliane types found, prostratin (I) and two autoxidation products thereof proved to be practically non-irritant on the mouse ear. A further new and moderately irritant factor (Pimelea factor P5) of the tigliane type was isolated and characterized as 12-deoxy-5β-hydroxy-13-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-6α,7α-oxide (II a). In addition highly irritant new diterpene esters of the daphnane type, i. e. Pimelea factors P1 (III a) and P4 (III b) and of the new 1α-alkyldaphnane type were isolated, i. e. Pimelea factors P2 (V a), P3 (VI a) and P6 (VII a). The daphnane and 1α-alkyldaphnane types essentially represent the irritant activity of the plant. The structures V a, VI a and VII a represent a new class of irritant and tumor promoting polyfunctional diterpelnes with an intramolecular orthoester function.
The Biot–Stoll sediment model: An experimental assessment (1988)

A promising approach in the prediction of acoustic wave speeds and attenuations in marine sediments is the use of the Biot theory as implemented by Stoll. The Biot–Stoll physical sediment model is examined here in a field application. Both the geophysical inputs and the geoacoustic outputs were measured at three shallow-water sites in the Mediterranean Sea. This permitted the investigation of the accuracy of the model for a variety of natural marine sediments including silty clay, sand, and gravel. A difficulty in the use of the Biot–Stoll model is the problem of accurately determining the 13 geophysical inputs since many of the inputs cannot be directly measured. Ten of the input properties are derived by empirical means and the other three properties are determined by measurement. Comparisons are made between the Biot–Stoll model predictions of compressional velocity, compressional attenuation, and shear velocity with in situ and laboratory measurements. The model predictions, on the whole, show excellent agreement with the measured data.