gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental and pathogen‐induced expression of three barley genes encoding lipid transfer proteins (1993)

Clones for three barley non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTP2, LTP3, and LTP4; formerly Cw18, Cw20 and Cw21, respectively) which had been previously shown to inhibit growth of plant pathogens, were selected and characterized from a cDNA library derived from young etiolated leaves. Genes Ltp2 and Ltp4 were located in chromosome 3H and gene Ltp3 was assigned to chromosome 7H by Southern blot analysis of wheat-barley disomic addition lines, using gene-specific probes (3'-ends of cDNAs). These assignments were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction, using specific primers. The three genes were expressed in stem, shoot apex, leaves and roots (at low levels) throughout development. Genes Ltp3 and Ltp4 were expressed at high levels, and Lpt2 at low levels, in the spike (rachis, lemma plus palea and grain coats). Neither of the mRNAs was detected in endosperm. The proteins were localized by tissue-printing with polyclonal antibodies in the outer cell layer of the exposed surfaces of the plant, throughout the embryo, and in vascular tissues. Expression levels in leaves were moderately increased by 0.34 M NaCl and by 0.1 mM abscisic acid and were not affected by cold, drought, salicylate, 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid, ethylene or ethephon. Methyl Jasmonate (10 microM) switched off all three genes. Inoculation with Av6 or vir6 isolates of the fungal pathogen Erysiphe graminis increased the three mRNAs, especially that of LTP4, which reached a maximum nine-fold increase 12-16 h after infection.
Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glasses and Glass–Ceramics Based on the Ge–Ga–Se System (2008)

In this paper, the mechanical and thermo‐mechanical properties of glasses and glass–ceramics belonging to the Ge–Ga–Se system are studied. Pure glasses slightly transparent in the visible range up to 16 μm have been synthesized. Glass–ceramics were made using an appropriate heat‐treatment time and temperature from the 80GeSe 2 –20Ga 2 Se 3 base glass in order to improve the mechanical properties. The optical and mechanical properties of glasses and glass–ceramics such as hardness and toughness were investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) versus temperature experiments were performed to understand the crystallization evolution as a function of heat‐treatment time. GeGa 4 Se 8 and GeSe 2 crystalline phases have been determined with XRD. As a result, glass–ceramics with 40% density of crystals present a very low thermal expansion coefficient (11.8 × 10 −6 ± 0.5 K −1 ) and an excellent infrared transmission in the 3–5 and 8–13 μm regions.
Long term marijuana users seeking medical cannabis in California (2001–2007): demographics, social characteristics, patterns of cannabis and other drug use of 4117 applicants (2007)

This study yielded a somewhat unexpected profile of a hitherto hidden population of users of America's most popular illegal drug. It also raises questions about some of the basic assumptions held by both proponents and opponents of current policy.
Coronary centerline extraction from CT coronary angiography images using a minimum cost path approach (2009)

The presented results, in combination with minimal user interaction and low computation time, show that minimum cost path approaches can effectively be applied as a preprocessing step for subsequent analysis in clinical practice and biomedical research.
Functions and structure of a packet radio station (1975)

A packet radio network is a digital broadcast channel, fixed and mobile digital terminals which are sources and sinks of information, stations which provide centralized routing control and interconnections to other networks, and repeaters which provide area coverage for mobile terminals by performing a store-and-forward function on the radio broadcast channel. An experimental testbed for these concepts is now under construction at the Stanford Research Institute, Palo Alto, California to provide experimental validation of theoretical models and simulation predictions.
Optimized Performance With New Eccentric Hole Enlargement Tool Through Improved Directional Control, Bit Cleaning, and Dysfunction Mitigation in Soft, Balling, and Swelling Formations (2009)

Abstract The problematic drilling environment of soft, balling, and swelling formations that are common in the Elk Hills Field of California required a novel design for the eccentric bits used for the hole-enlargement procedures. This new eccentric bit design met and exceeded the drilling requirements with an improved overall drilling performance of 32% increased penetration rate on average, reduced bottomhole assembly (BHA) damage through enhanced downhole tool life, and improved drilling curve cost benefits. The design also achieved the world record for the operator for the most footage drilled in 24 hours. This was achieved through better directional control, reduced bit balling, and reduced non productive time (NPT) due to an improved BHA design that mitigates the described drilling issues. Given the directional and drilling application, the task was to create an eccentric hole-opening tool capable of superior directional control and cleaning capability in soft formations with known positive displacement motor (PDM) limitations. This required revisiting existing eccentric hole-enlargement requirements, including bi-center and two-piece eccentric technology, and implementing improved drilling features for increased performance. A value-driven tool was designed for use with motor applications in swelling formations. This assembly would meet and exceed the drilling requirements for the field. The authors of this paper will review and discuss the design, development, and run history of this new eccentric bit and hole-enlargement tool. Run data performance improvements, time savings, and reduced BHA damage of existing one-piece and two-piece eccentric tools will be identified and compared with the performance of offset data for bi-center bits and two-piece eccentric tools. The application benefits discussed will include improved directional control, enhanced cleaning effectiveness, and enhanced pilot bit and hole-enlargement tool blade designs compared with that of current bi-center bits for this type of drilling environment.
Export of extracellular levansucrase by Bacillus subtilis: inhibition by cerulenin and quinacrine (1979)

Bacillus subtilis B secretes an inducible, extracellular enzyme, levansucrase. Inhibition studies were undertaken to investigate the possible mechanism of release of this enzyme. The antibiotic cerulenin, at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, totally inhibited de novo lipid synthesis in B. subtilis B for at least 1 h, while only slightly reducing protein and RNA synthesis. At this concentration cerulenin, added concomitantly with the inducer sucrose, prevented the release of levansucrase for at least 150 min. This was not due to the prevention of inducer uptake by the cells. The release of the enzyme was also independent of cell division. In B. subtilis 1007 the induction of beta-galactosidase by 5 mM lactose was not prevented by cerulenin. Preliminary evidence indicated the association of a lipid moiety with the enzyme as it passes through the cytoplasmic membrane. Quinacrine (0.2 mM), which inhibits the penicillinase-releasing protease of Bacillus licheniformis, inhibited levansucrase release from B. subtilis B, but had no effect on lipid synthesis.
Multi-wavelength intermittent photoluminescence of single CdSe quantum dots (2003)

A single chromophore detection using video-microscopy is one of the latest methodologies to reveal unique characteristics, which could not be obtained from ensemble measurements. Among many kinds of subjects, dynamic optical properties observed in colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles are attractive and important not only for the basis of photo-physics but also for application studies, e.g. biological labeling, electronic devices. In this study, fluorescence video-microscopy was performed on cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) spin-coated on a glass substrate. From single CdSe QDs detection, emissions at wavelengths separated over 60 nm were observed for the first time. This spectral feature was attributed to the existence of double-emissive relaxation processes in CdSe QDs. Photoluminescence intermittency was also observed both from relaxation processes. Fluorescence video-microscopy, which was advanced in biology, can be applicable for the real-time monitoring of dynamic properties in semiconductor photo-physics.
Another Look at Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloids—Perspectives on Their Therapeutic Potential from Known Structures and Semisynthetic Analogues (2017)

This study began with the goal of identifying constituents from <i>Zyzzya fuliginosa</i> extracts that showed selectivity in our primary cytotoxicity screen against the PANC-1 tumor cell line. During the course of this project, which focused on six <i>Z</i>. <i>fuliginosa</i> samples collected from various regions of the Indo-Pacific, known compounds were obtained consisting of nine makaluvamine and three damirone analogues. Four new acetylated derivatives were also prepared. High-accuracy electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HAESI-MS) <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> ions produced through MS² runs were obtained and interpreted to provide a rapid way for dereplicating isomers containing a pyrrolo[4,3,2-<i>de</i>]quinoline core. In vitro human pancreas/duct epithelioid carcinoma (PANC-1) cell line IC<sub>50</sub> data was obtained for 16 compounds and two therapeutic standards. These results along with data gleaned from the literature provided useful structure activity relationship conclusions. Three structural motifs proved to be important in maximizing potency against PANC-1: (i) conjugation within the core of the ABC-ring; (ii) the presence of a positive charge in the C-ring; and (iii) inclusion of a 4-ethyl phenol or 4-ethyl phenol acetate substituent off the B-ring. Two compounds, makaluvamine J (<b>9</b>) and 15-<i>O</i>-acetyl makaluvamine J (<b>15</b>), contained all three of these frameworks and exhibited the best potency with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 54 nM and 81 nM, respectively. These two most potent analogs were then tested against the OVCAR-5 cell line and the presence of the acetyl group increased the potency 14-fold from that of <b>9</b> whose IC<sub>50</sub> = 120 nM vs. that of <b>15</b> having IC<sub>50</sub> = 8.6 nM.
Cytokine‐Dependent Synergistic Regulation of Interleukin‐8 Production From Human Gingival Fibroblasts (1994)

Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF) may have an important role in the orchestration of immuno-participant cells infiltrating the gingiva in response to continuously recurring bacterial infection. To examine the cytokine network regulating HGF-derived interleukin (IL)-8, a potent neutrophil chemotactic cytokine, we analyzed the effects of inflammatory cytokines alone and in combination on IL-8 production by HGF. IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-6, and IL-8 were used as stimulants. HGF secreted IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner after stimulation with either IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha, but not with IFN-gamma or IL-6. Furthermore, IL-8 itself did not affect IL-8 mRNA accumulation in HGF in an autocrine manner. The combination of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha synergistically enhanced the secretion of IL-8, whereas IFN-gamma suppressed IL-8 secretion by IL-1 beta- or TNF-alpha-stimulated HGF. These effects were also observed at each level of IL-8 mRNA expression in HGF. IL-8 secretion by cytokine-stimulated HGF was not influenced by the inhibition of PGE2 synthesis with indomethacin, indicating that endogenous PGE2 was not involved in IL-8 production by HGF. These results indicate that IL-8 production by HGF is synergistically stimulated by specific cytokines, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, and suggest that these stimulatory effects are down-regulated by IFN-gamma at the transcriptional level through PGE2-independent pathways. Thus, neutrophil-mediated processes in periodontal disease may be regulated in part by HGF in the cytokine network of immuno-participant cells.
Vibration damping materials based on interpenetrating polymer networks of carboxylated nitrile rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate) (2002)

Abstract Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and poly(methyl methacrylate)s were synthesized. Crosslinked XNBR was swollen in methyl methacrylate containing benzoyl peroxide as initiator and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent. The compositions of the IPNs were varied by changing the swelling time of the rubber in the methacrylate monomer. The dynamic mechanical properties of the IPNs were studied. The dynamic mechanical properties in the range 1–10 5 Hz were obtained by the time‐temperature superposition of the data under multifrequency mode, which indicated high tan δ with good storage modulus in the entire frequency range. This indicates the suitability of these IPNs as vibration and acoustic dampers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IBM second-generation RISC machine organization (2003)

A highly concurrent second-generation RISC (reduced-instruction-set computer) that combines a powerful RISC architecture with sophisticated hardware design techniques to achieve a short cycle time and a low cycles-per-instruction (CPI) ratio is described. Like earlier RISC processors, this design uses a register-oriented instruction set, the CPU is hardwired rather than microcoded, and it features a pipelined implementation. Unlike earlier RISC processors, however, several advanced architectural and implementation features are used, including separate instruction and data caches, zero-cycle branches, multiple-instruction dispatch, and simultaneous execution of fixed- and floating-point instructions. The CPU has a four-word data bus to main memory, a four-word instruction-fetch bus from the I-cache arrays, and a two-word data bus between the D-cache and floating-point unit. The CPU has a full 64-b floating-point engine, and thirty-two 64-b floating point registers in addition to thirty-two 32-b fixed-point registers. In a single cycle, four instructions can be executed simultaneously.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Olive oil – contact sensitizer or irritant? (1997)

Adverse cutaneous reactions to topically applied olive oil are seldom reported, and positive patch tests to it are mostly regarded as allergic. To evaluate such "positive" patch test reactions, 77 female (mean age: 44 years) and 23 male eczema patients (mean age: 46 years) were prospectively patch tested with freshly prepared olive oil. Tests were performed openly (including ROAT) as well as using Al-tests and Finn Chambers on Scanpor. 5 patients (2 male) showed "positive" test reactions (all patients at the Al-test site, 3 at the Finn Chamber site, 1 with ROAT). In only 1 patient could the reaction be classified as probably allergic, in contrast to previous reports. In conclusion, olive oil is very weakly irritant in general, but bears relevant irritant capacity when applied under occlusive conditions. Therefore, olive oil appears to be less than suitable for the topical therapy of patients with venous insufficiency and associated eczema of the lower extremities.
Polysaccharides and phytochemicals: a natural reservoir for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (2011)

Currently, sustainability initiatives that use green chemistry to improve and/or protect our global environment are becoming focal issues in many fields of research. Instead of using toxic chemicals for the reduction and stabilisation of metallic nanoparticles, the use of various biological entities has received considerable attention in the field of nanobiotechnology. Among the many possible natural products, polysaccharides and biologically active plant products represent excellent scaffolds for this purpose. Polysaccharides have hydroxyl groups, a hemiacetal reducing end, and other functionalities that can play important roles in both the reduction and the stabilisation of metallic nanoparticles. Among the various categories of compounds in plants that have potent biological activities, phytochemicals are emerging as an important natural resource for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The focus of this review is the application of polysaccharides and phytochemicals in the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles to afford biocomposites with novel uses in nanomedicine and as nanocomposites.
On the Structures of Mulberrin, Mulberrochromene, Cyclomulberrin, and Cyclomulberrochromene (1979)

Direct comparison of mulberrin with kuwanon C, and mulberrochromene with morusin were carried out.Mulberrin and mulberrochromene were proved to be identical with kuwanon C and morusin, respectively.The linear structures of mulberrin and mulberrochromene as well as cyclomulberrin and cyclomulberrochromene should be reversed to the angular structures, I, 1 111, and IV, respectively.A series of prenylflavonoids have been isolated from the root bark of Morus 9 t., a plant of Moraceae family?-'In this paper, we report the identification of mulberrin with kuwanon C, that of mulberrochromene with morusin, and the revision of structures of four mutually interrelated prenylflavones, mulberrin 1 mulberrochromene 1 1 cyclomulberrin 1 1 1 and cyclomulberrola chromene I v ' , isolated from the Morus alba root bark by Deshpande g &.The initial work on the flavones of the Morus alba stem and root bark led to the structure postulates 1'-IV' for mulberrin, mulberrochromene, cyclomulberrin, and cyclomulberrochromene, respectively.The relation of these flavones to each other and to artocarpin iV) was demonstrated by carring out the conversions outlined in Chart ifa In subsequent work on the same plant source, our group the isolation and the structure determination of five prenylflavones, kuwanon C, morusin, 5 cyclomorusin, compound A , and oxydihydromorusin imorusinol , and the structures were shown to he I, 11, IV, VI, and VII, respectively.These five prenylflavones were correlated to each other as shown in Chart 2. Furthermore, the synthesis of tetrahydrokuwanon C tetramethyl ether (VIII) was achieved by Baker-Venkataraman method from 2-hydroxy-3-isopenty1-4,6-dimethoxyisoheptophenone (1x1
A survey of selective fixation control for machine vision (1992)

Relevant research in human vision is summarized. Computational models for selective fixation control, most of which have begun to emerge only in recent years, are discussed. The methods examined involve several visual and nonvisual criteria, and the resulting sensing strategies are highly goal dependent. Both biological and machine vision are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Modification of Food Proteins (1977)

Alteration of the chemical structure of food proteins can be caused by deteriorative reactions arising during processing and storage, and by modifications with chemical reagents intentionally done to alter the properties of the proteins. The deteriorative type includes the Maillard reaction and the alkaline degradations leading to compounds like lysinoalanine. Although the intentional chemical modification of food proteins is currently applied to only a limited extent, it offers opportunities for improving food proteins and extending their availability from nonconventional sources. Chemical modifications of protein side chains can: (a) improve the nutritional quality, (b) block deteriorations, (c) improve physical states (e.g., texturization), and (d) improve functional properties (e.g., whipping capacity). Whereas many such modifications are theoretically possible, careful considerations of the safety and acceptability are required.
Silanization of Carbon Nanotubes: Surface Modification and Polymer Nanocomposites (2011)

Since the first publication of successful silanization in carbon nanotubes (Velasco-Santos 2002) different research groups have opted for modify carbon nanotubes using various organosilanes. Silanization offer to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) the possibility to diversify their surface features depending on the organic part in organosilane inserted to nanotube surface. Silanized nanotubes show different features related with the silane used in functionalization. Dispersion of CNTs in organic solvents is modified by the organosilane type applied in silanization of nanotubes. Silanization have been achieved in CNTs taking advantage of the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups produced during the oxidation process of nanotubes. Also, silylation achieved without previous oxidation and by hydroxylation have been developed. In addition, silanized CNTs (s-CNTs) are used to attach to nanotube surface other nanoparticles and molecules. This later is useful to create alternatives to functionalize or accomplish CNTs to other inorganic or organic nanometric structures. Due to the alternatives that the silanization offer to carbon materials, recently the successful approaches used to silanize CNTs have been applied to other carbon materials such as nanofibers and graphene. In spite of silanization is a successful method to change nanotube surface behavior, to attach other molecules or chains to nanotubes, or linking CNTs with other nanostructures; this route with organosilanes is an established approach in polymer composites. In this type of chemical functionalization, silanes are used as coupling agents of glass and carbon fiber with polymer matrices in order to improve interface. In this context, silanization in CNTs, also have been proposed as nanometric coupling agent (Velasco-Santos 2002) of CNTs with polymer matrices and thus, recently silanized carbon nanotubes have been incorporated to develop polymer nanocomposites. Thus, in the first part of this chapter are described the principles of silanization reaction achieved in CNTs and the characterization obtained in the first report. The second part of the chapter describes diverse researches of silanization reactions achieved in nanotube
Biochemical synthesis of water soluble polyanilines: Poly(<i>p</i>‐aminobenzoic acid) (1996)

Abstract This report describes the synthesis of a water soluble polyaniline through a biochemical synthetic route. The oxidative free radical coupling mechanism for the synthesis of poly( p ‐aminobenzoic acid) is catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The resulting polymer is electrochemically active and undergoes reversible redox reactions. The polymer as synthesized is self doped and undergoes undoping in alkaline or ammonia solutions.
A karyometric approach to the characterization of atypical endometrial hyperplasia with and without co-occurring adenocarcinoma. (2003)

Nuclei from atypical hyperplasia without and with co-occurring adenocarcinoma have statistically different karyometric characteristics that may facilitate case classification.
Signal And Image Denoising In Transform Domain And Wavelet Shrinkage: A Comparative Study (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998