gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance (2001)

There is accumulating evidence that T-cell-mediated dominant control of self-reactive T-cells contributes to the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and its alteration can cause autoimmune disease. Efforts to delineate such a regulatory T-cell population have revealed that CD25+ cells in the CD4+ population in normal naive animals bear the ability to prevent autoimmune disease in vivo and, upon antigenic stimulation, suppress the activation/proliferation of other T cells in vitro. The CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, which are naturally anergic and suppressive, appear to be produced by the normal thymus as a functionally distinct subpopulation of T cells. They play critical roles not only in preventing autoimmunity but also in controlling tumor immunity and transplantation tolerance.
Expression of myeloid differentiation antigens in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: Increased concentration of CD33 antigen predicts poor outcome—A report from the childrens cancer study group (1992)

Ninety-eight cryopreserved specimens of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) cells obtained at initial diagnosis of children enrolled on the Childrens Cancer Study Group 251 protocol (CCG 251) were examined by indirect immunofluorescence using four monoclonal antibodies to myeloid differentiation antigens. The relationship between the level of differentiation of ANLL cells as determined by their antigen phenotype and the clinical outcome of treatment, including complete remission (CR) rate, survival, and event-free survival, was evaluated. Most leukemic specimens were determined to express the CD33 antigen (L4F3), a 67-kD protein. Because the level of differentiation of normal myeloid cells is reflected by the concentration of the CD33 antigen expressed, samples were categorized as CD33-bright (immature) versus CD33-dull (mature). Patients with CD33-bright leukemic blasts had a marginally inferior CR rate to those with CD33-dull blasts (P = 0.08). With respect to survival and event-free survival, there was a significantly inferior outcome in the CD33-bright patients (P = 0.04 and P = 0.06, respectively). Reactions of ANLL with anti-CD15 antibody (1G10), anti-CD36 antibody (5F1), or anti-CD17 antibody (T5A7) did not predict clinical outcome. This study indicates that patients whose ANLL blasts displayed the CD33 antigen in an amount associated with immature myeloid cells experienced a worse outcome than patients with ANLL blasts that expressed a phenotype associated with more mature cells.
Metabolic Responses to the Reduction in Palmitate Caused by Disruption of the <i>FATB</i> Gene in Arabidopsis (2004)

Disruption of the FATB gene in Arabidopsis results in a two-thirds reduction in saturated fatty acids, largely palmitate, in the leaf extra-plastidic phospholipids and a reduction in the growth rate of the mutant compared to wild type (Bonaventure G, Salas JJ, Pollard MR, Ohlrogge JB [2003] Plant Cell 15: 1020-1033). In this study, we report that although fatb-ko seedlings grow more slowly than wild type, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in leaves of the mutant increases by 40%. This results in approximately the same amount of palmitate exported from the plastid as in wild type but an increase in oleate export of about 55%. To maintain constant amounts of fatty acids in leaves, thereby counterbalancing their higher rate of production, the mutant also increases its rate of fatty acid degradation. Although fatb-ko leaves have higher rates of fatty acid synthesis and turnover, the relative proportions of membrane lipids are similar to wild type. Thus, homeostatic mechanisms to preserve membrane compositions compensate for substantial changes in rates of fatty acid and glycerolipid metabolism in the mutant. Pulse-chase labeling studies show that in fatb-ko leaves there is a net increase in the synthesis of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic lipids and consequently of their turnover. The net loss of palmitate from phosphatidylcholine plus phosphatidylethanolamine is similar for wild type and mutant, suggesting that mechanisms are not present that can preferentially preserve the saturated fatty acids. In summary, the leaf cell responds to the loss of saturated fatty acid production in the fatb-ko mutant by increasing both fatty acid synthesis and degradation, but in doing so the mechanisms for increased fatty acid turnover contribute to the lowering of the percentage of saturated fatty acids found in eukaryotic lipids.
Comparison of Starch Hydrolysis Activity and Thermal Stability of Two Bacillus licheniformis α-Amylases and Insights into Engineering α-Amylase Variants Active under Acidic Conditions (2006)

Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (BLA) is widely used in various procedures of starch degradation in the food industry, and a BLA species with improved activity at higher temperature and under acidic conditions is desirable. Two BLA species, designated as PA and MA, have been isolated from the wild-type B. licheniformis strain and a mutant strain, respectively. In this study, their starch-hydrolysis activity and thermal stability were examined. MA showed higher activity than PA, especially at acidic pH (pH 5.0-5.5), and even after 1 h of treatment at 90 degrees C. MA was active in the range of pH 4.0-8.0, which is much wider than that (pH 4.5-7.5) of PA. It was shown that the proton dissociation constants on the acidic and alkaline sides (pKa1 and pKa2) were shifted to more acidic and basic values, respectively, by the mutation of PA to MA. The activation energy and thermodynamic parameters for their thermal inactivation indicate that MA is more thermally stable and catalytically active than PA, suggesting that MA could be useful for glucose-production process coupled with reactions catalyzed by beta-amylase.
The unpredictable structural features of chromium(II) pyrrolyls: synthesis and x-ray structures of monomeric square-planar (.eta.1-2,5-Me2C4H2N)2Cr(py)2, square-pyramidal (.eta.1-C4H4N)2Cr(py)3, dimeric [(7-azaindolyl)2Cr(DMF)]2, and polymeric [(.eta.1-2,5-Me2C4N2)4CrNa2(THF)2(Et2O)]n. An aborted Cr-Cr quadruple bond formation? (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe unpredictable structural features of chromium(II) pyrrolyls: synthesis and x-ray structures of monomeric square-planar (.eta.1-2,5-Me2C4H2N)2Cr(py)2, square-pyramidal (.eta.1-C4H4N)2Cr(py)3, dimeric [(7-azaindolyl)2Cr(DMF)]2, and polymeric [(.eta.1-2,5-Me2C4N2)4CrNa2(THF)2(Et2O)]n. An aborted Cr-Cr quadruple bond formation?Jilles J. H. Edema, Sandro Gambarotta, Auke Meetsma, Fre Van Bolhuis, Anthony L. Spek, and Wilberth J. J. SmeetsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 11, 2147–2153Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00336a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00336a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cloning and sequencing of CATR1.3, a human gene associated with tumorigenic conversion. (1995)

The human squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC83-01-82 (SCC) contains mutations in both the H-ras and p53 genes, but it exhibits a nontumorigenic phenotype in nude mice. This cell line can be converted into a cell line with a tumorigenic phenotype, SCC83-01-82CA (CA), by treatment with the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). This indicates that additional genetic events leading to expression of a cooperating tumor susceptibility gene(s) may be required for tumorigenicity. To identify the cooperating gene(s), an expression cDNA library was made from tumorigenic Ca cells. The library DNA was transfected into nontumorigenic SCC cells and the transfected SCC cells were then injected into nude mice for the selection of a tumorigenic phenotype. Tumors developed in 3 of the 18 mice after injection. Several new cell lines were established from these transfected cell-induced tumors and designated as CATR cells. Tumor histology and karyotype analysis of these cells indicated that they were of human epithelial cell origin. All the CATR cells have the library vector sequence integrated in their genome. Cell line CATR1 expressed a single message from the integrated library representing a 1.3-kb cDNA insert that was absent from untransfected SCC cells or MMS-converted CA cells. This 1.3-kb cDNA insert was cloned by PCR amplification of reverse-transcribed CATR1 total RNA and was designated CATR1.3. The nucleotide sequence of CATR1.3 encodes a peptide of 79 amino acids, has a long 3' untranslated region, and represents an unknown gene product that was associated with the tumorigenic conversion due to the transfected expression library.
In Inland China, Rice, Rather than Fish, Is the Major Pathway for Methylmercury Exposure (2010)

We found that rice consumption is by far the most important MeHg exposure route; however, most of the residents (except those in Hg-mining areas) have low PDIs of MeHg.
Gravitational Radiation Reaction and Inspiral Waveforms in the Adiabatic Limit (2005)

We describe progress evolving an important limit of binaries in general relativity: stellar mass compact objects spiraling into much larger black holes. Such systems are of great observational interest. We have developed tools to compute for the first time the radiation from generic orbits. Using global conservation laws, we find the orbital evolution and waveforms for special cases. For generic orbits, inspirals and waveforms can be found by augmenting our approach with an adiabatic self-force rule due to Mino. Such waveforms should be accurate enough for gravitational-wave searches.
A generalized time-domain equation based on the constant-Q theory for visco-acoustic wave simulation (2020)

The constant Q theory describes in frequency domain that the seismic wave amplitude attenuation linearly increases with respect to frequencies. We present a simple generalized time-domain wave equation to precisely simulate such linear attenuation. The key idea is to represent the wavefield by a complex-valued function which is the Hilbert transform of the physical wavefield. The proposed complex-valued wave equation (CWE) has four advantages. First, the CWE is in the time domain and thus suitable for 3D seismic simulations; second, the amplitudes computed from the CWE attenuate precisely linear to frequencies; third, the CWE could be easily converted to two different CWEs to describe dispersion-only and dissipation-only phenomena; and last, the CWE could be easily implemented by simply converting arrays from real to complex values in many existing time-domain computer algorithms. For verification, numerical solutions from CWE are compared with analytical solutions, and nearly perfect matching between these two solutions is obtained. We also extend these CWEs to be applied for heterogeneous media and the results are verified by nonstationary operator Fourier Integral method. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 14, 2020 Session Start Time: 1:50 PM Presentation Time: 1:50 PM Location: 360A Presentation Type: Oral
A 3D parametric tongue model for animated speech (2001)

Abstract We present a tongue model for use in computer‐animated speech. The model is capable of representing tongue shapes during the production of English vowels and consonants as well as general motion of the tongue. Geometrically, the model is composed of a B‐spline surface with 60 control points and an 8×13 grid of bi‐cubic patches. We also present a parameterization of the model that requires only six parameters for use during speech production. This parameterization can also be used to define the deformation of other tongue models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<title>Simulations on step-and-scan optical lithography</title> (1994)

Step and scan projection printers overcome the most stringent restriction of step and repeat cameras: the trade off between the resolving power of the lithographic lens and its image field. In a scanning projection printer the reticle and wafer both have to be moved with a constant velocity, keeping their speed ratio equal to the reduction of the lens. The length of the circuit is now reticle limited. An additional extension consists in stitching several lanes together in order to lengthen the dimension perpendicular to the scan direction. However, lens aberrations, mechanical vibrations as well as synchronization errors of the stages, deteriorate the image transfer. The aim of this article is the classification and treatment of these scan- induced deteriorations. So-called contrast transfer curves are calculated offering the possibility of gaining quantitative values of the disturbance amplitudes for permissible contrast drops. Additionally, exposure-defocus (ED) trees are constructed as an evaluation criterion of the scan-induced image degradation.
Word 2007 for Starters: The Missing Manual (2007)

Fast-paced and easy to read, this concise book teaches you the basics of Word 2007 so you can start using the program right away. Not only will you learn how to work with Word's most useful features to create documents, format and edit text, share the results and more, you'll also discover how to go beyond basic documents to handle graphics, create page layouts, and use forms and tables. The new Word is radically different from previous versions, but with this convenient book, you can breeze through the new user interface and its timesaving features in no time with: Clear explanationsStep-by-step instructionsLots of illustrationsLarger typePlenty of friendly advice Word is used primarily for word processing, but there's more to this powerful program than meets the eye. It also offers a staggering array of advanced features that were once found only in page layout programs and graphics software. Many of these features are hidden among Word's cluttered menus, and even the pros can't find them all. For Word 2007, Microsoft redesigned the user interface completely, adding a tabbed toolbar that makes every feature easy to locate.Unfortunately, Microsoft's documentation is as poor as ever, so even if you find the features you need, you still may not know what to do with them. Word 2007 for Starters: The Missing Manual helps you master Word's redesigned user interface and gives you exactly what you need to create unique, attractive and effective documents.
Sensor calibration and simulation (2008)

We describe a method for simulating the output of an image sensor to a broad array of test targets. The method uses a modest set of sensor calibration measurements to define the sensor parameters; these parameters are used by an integrated suite of Matlab software routines that simulate the sensor and create output images. We compare the simulations of specific targets to measured data for several different imaging sensors with very different imaging properties. The simulation captures the essential features of the images created by these different sensors. Finally, we show that by specifying the sensor properties the simulations can predict sensor performance to natural scenes that are difficult to measure with a laboratory apparatus, such as natural scenes with high dynamic range or low light levels.
Optical Brighteners (2003)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Physical Principles 1.2. Molecular Structure 1.3. History of Whitening 2. Chemistry of Technical Products 2.1. Carbocycles 2.1.1. Distyrylbenzenes 2.1.2. Distyrylbiphenyls 2.1.3. Divinylstilbenes 2.2. Triazinylaminostilbenes 2.3. Stilbenyl‐2 H ‐triazoles 2.3.1. Stilbenyl‐2 H ‐naphtho[1,2‐ d ]triazoles 2.3.2. Bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐2‐yl)stilbenes 2.4. Benzoxazoles 2.4.1. Stilbenylbenzoxazoles 2.4.2. Bis(benzoxazoles) 2.5. Furans, Benzo[ b ]furans, and Benzimidazoles 2.5.1. Bis(benzo[ b ]furan‐2‐yl)biphenyls 2.5.2. Cationic Benzimidazoles 2.6. 1,3‐Diphenyl‐2‐pyrazolines 2.7. Coumarins 2.8. Naphthalimides 2.9. 1,3,5‐Triazin‐2‐yl Derivatives 3. Commercial Forms and Brands 4. Uses 4.1. General Requirements 4.2. Textile Industry 4.3. Detergent Industry 4.4. Paper Industry 4.5. Plastics and Synthetic Fibers 4.6. Other Uses 5. Analytical Methods and Whiteness Assessment 5.1. Analytical Methods 5.2. Assessment of Whitening Effect 6. Environmental Aspects
Electroless NiMoP Thin Film Deposition on Si/SiO<inf>2</inf> (2007)

NiMoP is one of the most important barrier layers for Cu interconnection. A pretreatment for initiating electroless plating on Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based on palladium ion grains chemisorption on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of amidogen of silane coupling agent has been developed. The process and properties of electroless plating NiP/NiMoP compound thin films on Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> substrate have been investigated. When concentration ratios of [MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2-</sup> ]/[Ni <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ] is at 0.02-0.1, atom percent of phosphoric in NiMoP layer is about 4%, and the NiMoP film has typical mixed-crystal structure consist of the crystal Ni phase and the non-crystal Mo phase. The grain size is about 50nm. The NiMoP film has diffusion barrier effect at high temperatures up to 400degC. The adhesion with the surface of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si can be improved obviously by adding NiP transition layer and 200degC annealing treatment in nitrogen atmosphere. The NiP/NiMoP compound thin films exhibit high integrality and uniformity, good neatness degree, low surface roughness, strong adhesion and low resistivity. In all, NiMoP barrier layer has a potential use for preventing copper-to- silicon diffusion for the application of 3D packaging with TSVs.
Fabrication and Characterization of CdS-Nanoparticle Mono- and Multilayers on a Self-Assembled Monolayer of Alkanedithiols on Gold (1998)

Mono- and multilayers of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were fabricated on a gold substrate covered with alkanedithiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by an alternate immersion of the substrate into ethanolic solutions of dithiol, i.e., 1,6-hexanedithiol or 1,10-decanedithiol, and dispersion of CdS nanoparticles (ca. 3 nm in diameter), the latter of which was prepared in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT, AOT)/H2O/heptane reversed micelles. A layer-by-layer structure of dithiol SAM and CdS monolayer was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at each step of composite-film preparation. It was revealed that CdS nanoparticles on SAMs were surrounded by AOT, which was then substituted by dithiols when the film was treated with the dithiol solution. The amount of CdS nanoparticles on the sample was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to be consistent with the above-mentioned monolayer structure. The photoinduced anodic current was observed when the composite film was immersed in an electrolyte solution containing triethanolamine as an electron donor. An action spectrum, which was quite similar to the absorption spectrum of CdS dispersion, indicates that the CdS nanoparticle keeps its size without mutual aggregation, and semiconducting properties even after being immobilized on the substrate.
The Mandatory Disclosure of Trades and Market Liquidity (1995)

Financial market regulations require various “insiders” to disclose their trades after the trades are made. We show that such mandatory disclosure rules can increase insiders’ expected trading profits. This is because disclosure leads to profitable trading opportunities for insiders even if they possess no private information on the asset’s value. We also show that insiders will generally not voluntarily disclose their trades, so for disclosure to be forthcoming, it must be mandatory. Key to the analysis is that the market cannot observe whether an insider is trading on private information regarding asset value or is trading for personal portfolio reasons.
Abnormal Platelet Mitochondrial Function in Patients Affected by Migraine With and Without Aura (1994)

To investigate energy metabolism in migraine, we determined platelet mitochondrial enzyme activities in 40 patients with migraine with aura and in 40 patients with migraine without aura during attack-free intervals and in 24 healthy control subjects. NADH-dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and cytochrome-c-oxidase activities in both patient groups were significantly lower than in controls (p < 0.01), while NADH-cytochrome-c-reductase activity was reduced only in migraine with aura (p < 0.01). No alteration in succinate-dehydrogenase was observed. Monoamine-oxidase activity differed between sexes (p < 0.05) but within each sex group no difference was observed between patients and controls. We hypothesize that the defect in mitochondrial enzymes observed indicates a systemic impairment of mitochondrial function in migraine patients.