gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of hprt Mutations in Mice after Exposure to Fission-Spectrum Neutrons or 60 Co Gamma Rays (1993)

The effects of exposure to fission-spectrum neutrons and 60Co gamma rays on mutation induction in B6CF1 mice were investigated. Mutation induction was measured at the hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (hprt) locus in splenic lymphocytes at 56 days after whole-body irradiation. Lymphocytes were cultured 12-16 days in round-bottomed, 96-microwell plates in the presence of 5 x 10(4) feeder cells (syngeneic lymphocytes irradiated with 50 Gy gamma rays). The selective agent used as 6-thioguanine at a concentration of 2.5 micrograms/ml. Animals were exposed to either single doses of neutrons (1.5 Gy) or photons (7.5 Gy) or fractionated doses delivered over 2 weeks of neutrons (0.25 Gy x 6, total 1.5 Gy) or photons (1.5 Gy x 6, total 9.0 Gy). The frequency of hprt mutant induction by fission-spectrum neutrons delivered in a 1.5-Gy single dose compared to a 7.5-Gy single dose of 60Co photons was approximately the same, i.e., 5.98 x 10(-5) +/- 1.51 x 10(-5) (SE) vs. 5.56 x 10(-5) +/- 3.09 x 10(-5) (SE), respectively (Student's two-tailed t test, P = 0.8997). Multiple doses of neutrons gave rise to slightly higher mutant frequencies compared to photons even though the ratio of total doses of neutrons to photons was increased from 5 to 6, i.e., 8.71 x 10(-5) +/- 5.39 x 10(-5) (SE), total dose 1.5 Gy, vs 2.30 x 10(-5) +/- 9.07 x 10(-6) (SE), total dose 9.0 Gy, respectively (Student's two-tailed t test, P = 0.3330). These results suggest that the relative differences in magnitude in radiation-induced genotoxic effects between fission-spectrum neutrons and 60Co gamma rays increase when the comparisons are made between fractionated rather than single-dose exposure regimens.
<title>ACR-NEMA 2.0-based teleradiology system</title> (1993)

Existing teleradiology systems rely almost exclusively on frame-grabbed images from a video source to input data from a variety of modalities. This report details implementation of a teleradiology system which uses an ACR-NEMA gateway to access imagery from a variety of modalities with the full dynamic range of the original data. Such a system allows the user to use the full capability of window and level control to adjust the gray level of the resulting display. The penalty is that since most teleradiology systems transfer 8-bit data and most existing ACR-NEMA modalities transfer 12-bit data in a 16-bit pixel format, transmission times are potentially longer. This may be addressed to some extent with more sophisticated data compression. Ultimately the availability of faster telecommunications services to remote locations such as a radiologist's home will provide a better solution.
Synovial Fluid Hydroxyproline Fractions Before and After Osmic Acid Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1981)

Synovial fluid total, dialysable and non-dialysable hydroxyproline were determined in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis before intra-articular osmic acid injection and on days 2 and 4 after this local treatment. On day 2 the increase in dialysable hydroxyproline paralleled the increase in non-dialysable hydroxyproline. Patients with the highest pre-treatment dialysable hydroxyproline levels also had the highest levels of this fraction on day 2 suggesting that articular damage proceeds after osmic acid injection. However, on day 4 dialysable hydroxyproline levels were consistently lower than before the treatment; the same pattern was observed with non-dialysable hydroxyproline, except for all the joints but one, where effusion recurred 6–12 months after osmic acid treatment. This study suggests that the determination of synovial fluid non-dialysable levels 4 days after osmic acid injection may provide a clue to the prediction of recurrent joint effusion and possibly justify a complementary injection either with osmic acid or with a /3-emitting isotope.
The dual-gate W-switched power MOSFET: a new concept for improving light load efficiency in DC/DC converters (2002)

A merged dual-gate power MOSFET is described which greatly improves the light-load energy efficiency of high-speed (f>1 MHz) low-voltage DC/DC conversion by dynamically reducing input capacitance and gate drive losses during low-current load conditions. The W-switched MOSFET concept is experimentally verified using a TrenchFET employing a 30/spl times/ reduction in input capacitance during light load. Efficiency improvements better than 25% and a decade increase in useable load current were confirmed for a 1-cell Li ion to 5 V boost converter, without adversely affecting the converter's transient response. Various figure-of-merits for W-switched MOSFETs are also proposed to analyze the limits of W-switching.
Reduction of cycloalkanones by several microorganisms (1975)

Abstract Investigations were carried out on the reductive capacity of several microorganisms growing in the presence of decalones and monocyclic ketones. Some microorganisms (2 mould strains and 11 bacterial strains) were isolated from the soil, while others (8 mould strains) were obtained from type culture collections. The reductive capacities of these strains towards several cyclic ketones, such as cyclopentanone, ‐hexanone, and ‐heptanone and the respective 2‐substituted derivatives were studied. In view of further investigations on the mechanism of these reductions, standard procedures (inoculation, incubation, etc. ) have been elaborated in order to allow quantitative comparison of the results.
Novel Starch-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Cytotoxicity, Cell Culture, and Protein Expression (2004)

Starch-based biomaterials and scaffolds have been proposed for several biomedical applications. In the present work new scaffolds based on a 50/50 (wt%) blend of corn starch/ethylene-vinyl alcohol (SEVA-C) were studied. These scaffolds were processed by a melt-based technology, which has been used before with other starch-based materials but never with SEVA-C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the developed porous structures were 60% porous with pore size between 200 and 900 microm and a reasonable degree of interconnectivity. Moreover, scaffolds presented a compressive modulus of 117.50 +/- 3.7 MPa and a compressive strength of 20.8 +/- 2.4 MPa. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed according to ISO/EN 10993 part 5 guidelines, and revealed that the developed scaffolds were nontoxic and did not inhibit cell growth. Direct contact assays were also carried out by use of a cell line of human osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2). Cells were seeded (3 x 10(5) per scaffold) and allowed to grow for 4 weeks at 37 degrees C, in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO(2). Total protein assay showed that the cells were able to grow for the 4 weeks of the experiment. These data were further confirmed by SEM. Moreover, a cell viability assay (MTS test) demonstrated that cells were perfectly viable after the 4 weeks of culture, showing the adequacy of the developed structure in supporting them. Finally, Western blot analysis revealed that osteopontin was being actively expressed by the cells, which, in association with collagen deposition observed by SEM, seems to indicate that bone extracellular matrix was being deposited. Consequently it is believed that starch-based scaffolds should be considered as an alternative for bone tissue-engineering applications in the near future.
Automatic generation of membership function and fuzzy rule using inductive reasoning (2002)

This paper discusses the automatic generation of membership function and fuzzy rule. The generation of them are accomplished by utilizing the essential characteristic of the inductive reasoning which derives a general consensus from the particular. The induction is performed by the entropy minimization principle which clusters most optimally the parameters corresponding to the output classes. The rule derivation also provide the average probability of each step of rule, which is no other than the rule weight. The generation scheme is illustrated for practical use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Work function determination of zinc oxide films (2002)

Zinc oxide-silicon heterojunctions were fabricated using both n- and p-type silicon. The zinc oxide films were deposited by magnetron sputtering process at various substrate temperatures to form these devices. The electrical properties of these devices were measured and the work function of the zinc oxide was evaluated.
Using the blood pressure waveform to reduce critical false ECG alarms (2006)

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) false alarm rates can be as high as 86%, leading to a desensitization of the clinical at tending staff, slowing of response times and even ignoring true alarms. False alarms are commonly caused by single channel artifacts and could be avoided if information from other independent signals were fused to form a more robust hypothesis of the etiology of the alarm. We used a standard multi-parameter ICU database (PhysioNet’s MIMIC DB) to investigate the frequency of false critical (or ‘life threatening’) arrhythmia alarms produced by a commercial ICU monitoring system. Multiple expert reviews of the alarms were made using all the relevant files in the MIMIC DB (a total of 21 subjects and 800 hours of wave form data). We found that 25% of the 89 life-threatening alarms were considered false. We then implemented an algorithm to suppress false alarms, using information derived from the arterial blood pressure signal. This simple yet robust strategy was successful in suppressing all false alarms, without suppressing any true alarms.
W3QS: A Query System for the World-Wide Web (1995)

The World-Wide Web (WWW) is an ever growing, distributed, non-administered, global information resource. It resides on the worldwide computer network and allows access to heterogeneous information: text, image, video, sound and graphic data. Currently, this wealth of information is difficult to mine. One can either manually, slowly and tediously navigate through the WWW or utilize indexes and libraries which are built by automatic search engines (called knowbots or robots). We have designed and are now implementing a high level SQL-like language to support effective and flexible query processing, which addresses the structure and content of WWW nodes and their varied sorts of data. Query results are intuitively presented and continuously maintained when desired. The language itself integrates new utilities and existing Unix tools (e.g. grep, awk). The implementation strategy is to employ existing WWW browsers and Unix tools to the extent possible. 1 Introduction The WWWwas started t...
Corrections - Production of Biologically Active N<sup>α</sup>-Desacetylthymosin α<sub>1</sub> in Escherichia coli through Expression of a Chemically Synthesized Gene (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrections - Production of Biologically Active Nα-Desacetylthymosin α1 in Escherichia coli through Expression of a Chemically Synthesized GeneRonald Wetzel, Herbert Heyneker, David Goeddel, Parkash Jhurani, Joel Shapiro, Roberta Crea, Teresa Low, John McClure, Gary Thurman, and Allan GoldsteinCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 17, 5094Publication Date (Print):August 18, 1981Publication History Published online13 November 2003Published inissue 18 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00520a604https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00520a604research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overlimiting Current in a Microchannel (2011)

We revisit the classical problem of diffusion-limited ion transport to a membrane (or electrode) by considering the effects of charged sidewalls. Using simple mathematical models and numerical simulations, we identify three basic mechanisms for overlimiting current in a microchannel: (i) surface conduction carried by excess counterions, which dominates for very thin channels, (ii) convection by electro-osmotic flow on the sidewalls, which dominates for thicker channels, and (iii) transitions to electro-osmotic instability on the membrane end in very thick channels. These intriguing electrokinetic phenomena may find applications in biological separations, water desalination, and electrochemical energy storage.
Hyperglycemia Acutely Increases Cytosolic Reactive Oxygen Species via <i>O</i> -linked GlcNAcylation and CaMKII Activation in Mouse Ventricular Myocytes (2020)

Diabetic hyperglycemia induces acute cardiac myocyte ROS production by NOX2 that requires <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation of CaMKIIδ at S280. This novel ROS induction may exacerbate pathological consequences of diabetic hyperglycemia.
Simultaneous Multi-vintage 4D Binning (2009)

4D binning is an important processing step to improve the repeatability of time-lapse (4D) data. Binning is a strategy for selecting those traces which are most similar between the time-lapse vintages. With two vintages of 4D seismic data the trace simila
Privacy as a Product: A case study in the m-Health sector (2013)

Business models based on offering free services to people in exchange for their data are gaining importance and prevalence. The most prominent examples are social networks and, more recently, mobile social networks. However, this trend is endangering users' privacy. We do not discuss the ethical and legal issues derived from this business model. Notwithstanding, we believe that users might have better and more privacy-aware alternatives enabling them to trade their privacy on their own. Thus, we introduce the concept of “Privacy as a Product” (PaaP) and we propose and describe a framework and a protocol based on the Raykova-Vo-Bellovin-Malkin protocol that enables users to share private data without the need for trusting the infrastructure (e.g. a social network). We show that our proposal is feasible in terms of computational and storage overhead. Hence, our solution opens the door to the new concept of “Privacy as a Product” and could be the foundation for implementations of privacy-aware social networks in which privacy plays a more central role, like in the healthcare sector.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DI‐η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYLTRICARBONYLTRIPHENYLPHOSPHINEDIIRON; AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF THE CYCLOPENTADIENYLCARBONYLIRON TETRAMER (1979)

Abstract Der bisher durch Photolyse des Eisencarbonyls (I) in Gegenwart von Triphenylphosphin hergestellte Carbonyltriphenylphosphineisen‐Komplex (III) läßt sich auch durch Erhitzen der Reaktanden in siedendem Benzol herstellen.
ARK: Augmented Reality for Kilobots (2017)

Working with large swarms of robots has challenges in calibration, sensing, tracking, and control due to the associated scalability and time requirements. Kilobots solve this through their ease of maintenance and programming, and are widely used in several research laboratories worldwide where their low cost enables large-scale swarms studies. However, the small, inexpensive nature of the Kilobots limits their range of capabilities as they are only equipped with a single sensor. In some studies, this limitation can be a source of motivation and inspiration, while in others it is an impediment. As such, we designed, implemented, and tested a novel system to communicate personalized location-and-state-based information to each robot, and receive information on each robots' state. In this way, the Kilobots can sense additional information from a virtual environment in real time; for example, a value on a gradient, a direction toward a reference point or a pheromone trail. The augmented reality for Kilobots (ARK) system implements this in flexible base control software which allows users to define varying virtual environments within a single experiment using integrated overhead tracking and control. We showcase the different functionalities of the system through three demos involving hundreds of Kilobots. The ARK provides Kilobots with additional and unique capabilities through an open-source tool which can be implemented with inexpensive, off-the-shelf hardware.
Maintenance of the stemness in CD44+ HCT-15 and HCT-116 human colon cancer cells requires miR-203 suppression (2013)

The purpose of this study was to isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs, also called tumor-initiating cells, TICs) from established human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines, characterize them extensively and dissect the mechanism for their stemness. Freshly isolated CD44(+) and CD44(-) cells from the HCT-15 human colon cancer cell line were subjected to various analyses. Interestingly, CD44(+) cells exhibited higher soft agar colony-forming ability and in vivo tumorigenicity than CD44(-) cells. In addition, the significant upregulation of the protein Snail and the downregulation of miR-203, a stemness inhibitor, in CD44(+) cells suggested that this population possessed higher invasion/metastasis and differentiation potential than CD44(-) cells. By manipulating the expression of CD44 in HCT-15 and HCT-116 cells, we found that the levels of several EMT activators and miR-203 were positively and negatively correlated with those of CD44, respectively. Further analyses revealed that miR-203 levels were repressed by Snail, which was shown to bind to specific E-box(es) present in the miR-203 promoter. In agreement, silencing miR-203 expression in wild-type HCT-116 human colon cancer cells also resulted in an increase of their stemness. Finally, we discovered that c-Src kinase activity was required for the downregulation of miR-203 in HCT-15 cells, which was stimulated by the interaction between hyaluronan (HA) and CD44. Taken together, CD44 is a critical molecule for modulating stemness in CSCs. More importantly, we show for the first time that the downregulation of miR-203 by HA/CD44 signaling is the main reason for stemness-maintenance in colon cancer cells.
Nanoparticles: Small 8/2010 (2010)

The cover picture shows a Z-contrast high-resolution STEM image of a 16-nm FePt nanoparticle, acquired with a probe Cs-corrected FEI Titan on the Minatec nanocharacterization platform. Individual alternating Fe and Pt planes are visible, which are characteristic of the chemically ordered L10 phase presenting high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In order to obtain this phase, the FePt nanoparticles – in the disordered fcc phase of low anisotropy after chemical synthesis – are subjected to thermal annealing. While coalescence is prevented by a matrix of micrometric salt particles during the heat treatment, the nanoparticles' surface ligands are destroyed. The addition of an aqueous solution of the amino acid cysteine to the crude salt/nanoparticle mixture enables the simultaneous dissolution of the salt particles and the colloidal stabilization of the annealed FePt nanoparticle trough electrostatic repulsion. For more information, please read the Communication “Stable Colloidal Solutions of High-Temperature-Annealed L10 FePt Nanoparticles” by P. Reiss et al., beginning on page 932. Image credits: A. Zarafshar, T. Leong, N. Bassik, J. Cho, and D. Gracias.
The mechanical properties of oriented discontinuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics. I. Unidirectional fiber orientation (1974)

Abstract The mechanical properties of a series of thermoplastics reinforced with unidirectionally oriented short fibers are reported. Both organic and inorganic fiber reinforcements were used in fiber volume fractions of 0.10 to 0.50. A number of these composites were found to have excellent strength and stiffness properties combined with good toughness and low density. The dependence of composite properties on the properties of the constituent materials is discussed. Fiber efficiency factors for strength and modulus are presented and models for predicting composite mechanical behavior are reviewed.
Confidentiality performance of spectral-phase-encoded optical CDMA (2005)

Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) signaling but has seldom been analyzed in detail. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the degree of confidentiality that can be provided by spectral-phase-encoded O-CDMA. Two eavesdropping detector structures are presented that can theoretically break the confidentiality of spectral-phase-encoded signals by detecting the code words in use by a specific user. One of them, an optical beat detector, is quantitatively analyzed to determine the probability of correctly detecting user code words. The confidentiality of user signals is shown to be vulnerable to such a detector if an eavesdropper can isolate a single user signal with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At lower SNRs, combining multiple bits is shown to dramatically increase the probability of an eavesdropper correctly detecting user code words; even for codes long enough to strain implementation capabilities (e.g., 2048 code elements), the probability of correct detection is shown to rise from negligibly low values to virtually 100% by the combining of less than 100 transmitted bits at the eavesdropper's receiver.
Kaolinite Synthesis. II. A Review and Discussion of the Factors Influencing the Rate Process (1978)

Abstract Kaolinite is synthesized in approximately the same time in three temperature ranges: (1) from 200–250° to 350–400° (hydrothermal processes); (2) from 120 to 175° (semihydrothermal ones); (3) at ordinary temperature. It is thus evident that the rate process cannot be explained by the Arrhenius equation only, but is explained well by considering that kaolinite formation obeys the laws of crystal growth. It occurs only in slightly supersaturated solutions in which the nucleation process is possible and in which a slow and regular rate of growth has been insured. Concentrations calculated from the thermodynamical equilibria correspond to those of the experimental conditions for the low temperature processes. For the higher temperature ones, a similar relationship is delineated, at least as far as the thermodynamical treatment can be carried out.
A multidimensional scaling analysis of tone discrimination ability in Cantonese-speaking children using a cochlear implant (2002)

Tone discrimination testing with two groups of profoundly hearing-impaired children using a cochlear implant and one group of normally hearing children suggests that pitch level is perceptually more salient than pitch contour. In this paper, the discrimination results from these children are submitted to a multidimensional scaling analysis to determine what differences if any exist between the children in the information they use to discriminate between tone types. Through the multidimensional scaling analysis it is shown that, 'average pitch height' and 'pitch direction' are the most salient acoustic features in tone with pitch height being perceptually more important than pitch level. Furthermore, these acoustic features are similarly salient for all three groups of children despite differences in the source of auditory information and linguistic experience. Finally, the two groups of cochlear implant users who employ different speech processing strategies with their implant are shown to be distinguishable by differences in the relative salience of pitch direction.