gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementing cooperative prefetching and caching in a globally-managed memory system (1998)

This paper presents cooperative prefetching and caching --- the use of network-wide global resources (memories, CPUs, and disks) to support prefetching and caching in the presence of hints of future demands. Cooperative prefetching and caching effectively unites disk-latency reduction techniques from three lines of research: prefetching algorithms, cluster-wide memory management, and parallel I/O. When used together, these techniques greatly increase the power of prefetching relative to a conventional (non-global-memory) system. We have designed and implemented PGMS, a cooperative prefetching and caching system, under the Digital Unix operating system running on a 1.28 Gb/sec Myrinet-connected cluster of DEC Alpha workstations. Our measurements and analysis show that by using available global resources, cooperative prefetching can obtain significant speedups for I/O-bound programs. For example, for a graphics rendering application, our system achieves a speedup of 4.9 over a non-prefetching version of the same program, and a 3.1-fold improvement over that program using local-disk prefetching alone.
Overexpression of Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase-<i>α</i>1 Stabilizes but Increases Shear Stress-Induced Atherosclerotic Plaque in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice (2016)

The rupture and erosion of atherosclerotic plaque can induce coronary thrombosis. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) plays a central role in the synthesis of all known types of collagens, which are the most abundant constituent of the extracellular matrix in atherosclerotic plaque. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is thought to be in part caused by shear stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate a relationship between P4H<i>α</i>1 and shear stress-induced atherosclerotic plaque. Carotid arteries of ApoE-/- mice were exposed to low and oscillatory shear stress conditions by the placement of a shear stress cast for 2 weeks; we divided 60 male ApoE-/- mice into three groups for treatments with saline (mock) (<i>n</i> = 20), empty lentivirus (lenti-EGFP) (<i>n</i> = 20), and lentivirus-P4H<i>α</i>1 (lenti-P4H<i>α</i>1) (<i>n</i> = 20). Our results reveal that after 2 weeks of lenti-P4H<i>α</i>1 treatment both low and oscillatory shear stress-induced plaques increased collagen and the thickness of fibrous cap and decreased macrophage accumulation but no change in lipid accumulation. We also observed that overexpression of P4Ha1 increased plaque size. Our study suggests that P4H<i>α</i>1 overexpression might be a potential therapeutic target in stabilizing vulnerable plaques.
Magnetic core-shell nanoparticles for drug delivery by nebulization (2013)

We have developed a magnetic core-shell nanoparticle-based nanocarrier system and evaluated the feasibility of its drug delivery capability via aerosol administration. This study has implications for targeted delivery of therapeutics and poorly soluble medicinal compounds via inhalation route.
Incremental schema matching (2006)

The goal of schema matching is to identify correspondences between the elements of two schemas. Most schema matching systems calculate and display the entire set of correspondences in a single shot. Invariably, the result presented to the engineer includes many false positives, especially for large schemas. The user is often overwhelmed by all of the edges, annoyed by the false positives, and frustrated at the inability to see second- and third-best choices. We demonstrate a tool that circumvents these problems by doing the matching interactively. The tool suggests candidate matches for a selected schema element and allows convenient navigation between the candidates. The ranking of match candidates is based on lexical similarity, schema structure, element types, and the history of prior matching actions. The technical challenges are to make the match algorithm fast enough for incremental matching in large schemas and to devise a user interface that avoids overwhelming the user. The tool has been integrated with a prototype version of Microsoft BizTalk Mapper, a visual programming tool for generating XML-to-XML mappings.
Stereospecific total synthesis of the cyclohexene oxide antibiotic eupenoxide (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific total synthesis of the cyclohexene oxide antibiotic eupenoxideRujee K. Duke and Rodney W. RickardsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 11, 1898–1904Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00185a010Request reuse permissionsArticle Views556Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Catalysis by aromatic aldehydes and carbon dioxide of the hydrolysis of the p-nitrophenyl esters of L-leucine, glycine, and L-β-phenylalanine (1968)

The aromatic aldehyde and bicarbonate catalysed hydrolyses of the p-nitro-phenyl esters of L-leucine, glycine, and L-ß-phenylalanine have been studied over a range of pH. The pH-rate profile for bicarbonate catalysis indicates that carbon dioxide is the active carbonate species, which presumably reacts with the substrates to give the carbamic acid, which hydrolyses by intramolecular nucleophilic participation by the carboxylate group. In the case of the aldehyde catalysis, aldehydes containing electron withdrawing groups in the aromatic ring are more effective than those with electron donating groups. The pH-rate profile for the catalysed reactions indicates attack by the free amino group of the ester on the aldehyde. The active species in the reaction is probably a carbinolamine, with the ester group undergoing hydrolysis with intramolecular nucleophilic participation by the hydroxyl group. The kinetics are consistent with the view that decomposition of the carbinolamine intermediate is rate-determining.
Current developments in fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensors and switches (2015)

Following a brief introduction to the principle of fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensors and switches, the outputs of laboratories in various countries from the past year or two are categorized and critically discussed. Emphasis is placed on the molecular design and the experimental outcomes in terms of target-induced fluorescence enhancements and input/output wavelengths. The handling of single targets takes up a major fraction of the review, but the extension to multiple targets is also illustrated. Conceptually new channels of investigation are opened up by the latter approach, e.g.'lab-on-a-molecule' systems and molecular keypad locks. The growing trends of theoretically-fortified design and intracellular application are pointed out.
A Portal Based Approach to Viewing Aggregated Network Performance Data in Distributed Brokering Systems. (2003)

SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 initially began in Wuhan, China and now has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to respiratory symptoms, it can cause various complications ranging from neurological to myocardial injuries. Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculoneuropathy affecting more often lower limbs than upper limbs and is often related to previous infectious diseases. We, herein, describe a case of a young female who presented with typical symptoms of GBS after having COVID-19 and was later on confirmed with nerve conduction study and lumbar puncture. Key Words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Guillain-barre syndrome.
Predicting Genetic Merit for Mastitis and Fertility in Dairy Cattle using Genome Wide Selection and High Density SNP Screens (2008)

Two novel methods for genome wide selection (GWS) were examined for predicting the genetic merit of animals using SNP information alone. A panel of 1,546 dairy bulls with reliable EBVs was genotyped for 15,380 SNPs that spanned the whole bovine genome. Two complexity reduction methods were used, partial least squares (PLS) and regression using a genetic algorithm (GAR), to find optimal solutions of EBVs against SNP information. Extensive internal cross-validation was used tofind the best predictive models followed by external validation (without direct use of the pedigree or SNP location). Both PLS and GAR provided both accurate fit to the training data set for somatic cell count (SCC) (max r = 0.83) and fertility (max r = 0.88) and showed an accuracy of prediction of r = 0.47 for SCC, and r = 0.72 for fertility. This is the first empirical demonstration that genome wide selection can account for a very high proportion of additive genetic variation in fitness traits whilst exploiting only a small percentage of available SNP information, without use of pedigree or QTL mapping. PLS was computationally more efficient than GAR.
GcpE Is Involved in the 2- <i>C</i> -Methyl- <scp>d</scp> -Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2001)

In a variety of organisms, including plants and several eubacteria, isoprenoids are synthesized by the mevalonate-independent 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Although different enzymes of this pathway have been described, the terminal biosynthetic steps of the MEP pathway have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we demonstrate that the gcpE gene of Escherichia coli is involved in this pathway. E. coli cells were genetically engineered to utilize exogenously provided mevalonate for isoprenoid biosynthesis by the mevalonate pathway. These cells were then deleted for the essential gcpE gene and were viable only if the medium was supplemented with mevalonate or the cells were complemented with an episomal copy of gcpE.
Relationships Among Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and CortisolLevels, Symptoms of Dissociation, and Objective Performance in Humans Exposedto Acute Stress (2004)

These data provide prospective, empirical evidence that the DHEA-S level is increased by acute stress in healthy humans and that the DHEA-S-cortisol ratio may index the degree to which an individual is buffered against the negative effects of stress.
Influence of chopped strand fibres on the flexural behaviour of a syntactic foam core system (2000)

The comparative performance in a three point bending test of syntactic foam comprising epoxy resin and glass microballoons with and without the inclusion of glass fibre in the form of chopped strands is reported. Test samples having a span-to-depth ratio of 16:1 were used. The data show that the glass fibre reinforced foam system had a higher strength compared to the unreinforced system. Resorting to light macroscopic and scanning electron microscopic examinations on mechanically tested samples expanded the scope of the work for a structure–property correlation to emerge. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Highly efficient Capacitive De-Ionization (CDI) water purification system using a buck-boost converter (2008)

This paper presents a novel method for making Capacitive De-Ionizatrion (CDI) water purification more efficient and cheaper, using a buck-boost DC-DC converter. The energy recovery is superior (51%) versus maximum reported results in the literature (30%) [1]. First, the concept of a CDI cell is introduced. Second, the existing methods for energy recovery are reported showing their advantages and disadvantages. Then, the novel method using a buck-boost converter is presented. Simulation results are provided. Experimental data verified the new technique and agrees with simulation.
Global geolocation of intense lightning strokes associated with TLEs based on ELF measurements from single-station (2004)

A new, improved algorithm has been developed to geolocate intense lightning strokes around the globe. In the ELF (extremely low frequency) range, radio waves from lightning propagate in the Earth-ionosphere cavity and quasi-TEM is effectively the only radiated mode. The spectra depend on the distance between the source (lightning) and the observer. Based on theoretically predicted spectra, a numerical data base was established to compare with our experimental data. The algorithm allowed us to determine SOD (source-observer distance) with high resolution (50 km) while the source bearing was determined through a Lissajous figure for the magnetic field and Poynting vector components using a least-squares fitting method. The algorithm and ELF electromagnetic data from other groups allowed us to geolocate lightning strokes associated with TLEs (transient luminous events) which were observed from the Columbia space shuttle during MEIDEX with the first Israeli astronaut, Ilan Ramon, aboard.
Enhancement of the Cancer Chemotherapeutic Effect by Anticancer Agents in the Form of Fat Emulsion (1977)

Utilizing the lipid-adsorbing ability of lymphatic capillaries, anticancer agents were given in the form of fat emulsion in order to deliver them to regional lymph nodes. The emulsion, in which the drug solution is contained as the innermost phase, yielded high drug concentration in the lymphatic system. Intratumoral injection of emulsified anticancer agent resulted in significantly prolonged retension of the drug within the tumor tissue. Therapeutic experiments of the emulsion also disclosed remarkable tumor reduction and cure rate as compared with aqueous solution of drugs. Oral administration of emulsified 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was also attempted for stomach cancer. With 5-FU, the maximum concentration of drug in thoracic lymph and stomach was greater when administered as an emulsion than as an aqueous solution, and a high concentration persisted longer. As a clinical trial of the emulsion method, eight patients with inoperable malignant growth were injected locally with emulsified anticancer agents and 121 patients were given 5-FU emulsion orally. From the clinical and histological findings, it was thought that the emulsion enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of the anticancer agent on lymph node metastasis.
Uniform spike anneals of ultra low energy boron implants using xR LEAP and RTP Centura XE/sub plus/: ramp rate effects up to 150°C/sec (2002)

In order to form junctions shallower than 0.1 /spl mu/m required for the source/drain extensions for 0.18 /spl mu/m technology and beyond, boron ions have been implanted in pre-amorphised Si at 1 keV and doses of 1E14-1E15 cm/sup -2/ using an Applied Materials xR LEAP ion implanter. Implanted wafers were subsequently annealed in an RTP Centura to /spl sim/1 sec soak time and to temperatures between 1000-1100/spl deg/C. Ramp up rates between 75/spl deg/C/s and 150/spl deg/C/s were examined. Junctions with depths between 40-80 nm (taken at 1E17 cm/sup -3/ SIMS B concentration) can be formed routinely with sheet resistance tuneable between 300-900 /spl Omega///spl square/ using Ge pre-amorphisation, and subsequent spike annealing at ramp up rates of 150/spl deg/C/sec in nitrogen atmosphere. It was found that sheet resistance (Rs) is most dependent on the spike anneal temperature, while the ramp up rate appear to have a minimal effect on reducing Rs or controlling junction depth (/spl chi//sub j/). The oxygen content in the RTA ambient is an important parameter in controlling both Rs and /spl chi//sub j/. The crystallinity of the spike annealed wafers has been evaluated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
A moderate form of hemophilia B is caused by a novel mutation in the protease domain of factor IXVancouver (1989)

A genomic phage library was constructed using lymphocyte DNA from a patient with cross-reacting material-positive, moderately severe hemophilia B. The library was screened by using a full-length factor IX cDNA as a hybridization probe. DNA sequence analysis of the factor IX exons and intron/exon junctions revealed a single point mutation at nucleotide 31,311 of the gene. This mutation occurs in the protease domain of factor IXa and changes the codon for isoleucine 397 (ATA) to a threonine codon (ACA). The resulting abnormal protein has been named factor IXVancouver. Factor IXVancouver was isolated from the patient's plasma by barium citrate adsorption, affinity chromatography on a Ca2+-dependent antibody bound to agarose, and anion-exchange chromatography. On gel electrophoresis, the purified protein exhibited a normal molecular weight and a normal pattern of activation cleavages with bovine factor XIa. Kinetic studies on the purified protein indicated that the Km of factor IXaVancouver for human factor X was 3.4 times higher than that of normal factor IXa. The kcat of factor IXaVancouver was 12.5% of the kcat of normal factor IXa. Structural models of the protease domain of human factor IXa and of factor IXaVancouver were constructed, based on the homology of factor IXa with related serine proteases of known structure. The factor IXaVancouver model suggests that hydrogen bonding between the side chain hydroxyl group of threonine 397 and the carbonyl oxygen of tryptophan 385 reduces the ability of factor IXaVancouver to bind factor X in a configuration favoring catalysis.
Platelet Transfusion Practices Among Neonatologists in the United States and Canada: Results of a Survey (2008)

There is great variability in platelet transfusion practices among US and Canadian neonatologists, suggesting clinical equipoise in many clinical scenarios. Prospective randomized clinical trials to generate evidence-based neonatal platelet transfusion guidelines are needed.
A compiler generator for visual languages (2002)

Building a compiler for a visual programming language is a significant task, and is complicated by the difficulty in handling visual syntax. Object-oriented picture layout grammars are a grammar formalism for defining visual syntax that uses C++ to define graphical attributes and constraints. SPARGEN is a compiler-compiler that automatically generates a visual language compiler from an OOPLG specification. This paper describes how SPARGEN can be used to construct compilers for visual programming languages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single-chip atomic force microscope with integrated Q-enhancement and isothermal scanning (2014)

We present the highest resolution imaging performance attained to date with a single-chip Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) that does not require off-chip scanning or sensing hardware. The marked improvement in sensitivity of the instrument stems in part from an internal quality (Q) factor enhancement mechanism that relies on the interplay between effects in the electrical, thermal and mechanical domains. In addition, careful matching of the strain sensor in an electrothermally actuated, piezoresistively detected resonant cantilever improves the dynamic range of the instrument. Furthermore, an integrated isothermal electrothermal scanner has been developed to scan a surface area of ∼50μm × ∼15μm while maintaining a constant temperature at the tip and sensor locations, thereby suppressing the deleterious thermal crosstalk effects that have plagued previously reported electrothermal scanner designs.
ELISPOT Assay to Detect Cytokine‐Secreting Murine and Human Cells (2008)

Enzyme-linked immunospot assays (ELISPOT) were initially developed to detect and quantify individual antibody-secreting B cells. As the sensitivity of this assay improved, the much smaller amounts of cytokine and chemokine produced by individual T cells became amenable to detection. ELISPOT assays utilize high-affinity antibody pairs directed against different epitopes on a single cytokine/chemokine. The critical first step involves binding the highest affinity Ab to a solid matrix. The plates are blocked to prevent nonspecific interactions, and the cells of interest incubated in the Ab-coated wells, during which time they secrete the cytokine/chemokine of interest. The secreted protein binds to the Abs immediately below the producer cell. This bound protein is recognized by a secondary enzyme-linked Ab. A colorimetric substrate is used to generate a dark precipitate or "spot" that marks the position of the protein-producing cell. The resultant spots are permanent and can be quantified visually, microscopically, or electronically.
Adaptive Up-Sampling Method Using DCT for Spatial Scalability of Scalable Video Coding (2008)

In the incoming amendment of H.264/AVC for scalable video coding (SVC), down and up-samplings in a spatial domain are incorporated for spatial scalability. A new two-fold up-sampling method is proposed for SVC. The proposed up-sampling method is based on a combination of the forward and backward type-II discrete cosine transform (DCT). As the proposed up-sampling kernel has various symmetries for efficient computation, a fast algorithm of type-II DCT-based up-sampling method is also proposed. For further improvement of the up-sampling performance, an adaptive filtering method in the type-II DCT up-sampling is introduced, which applies different weighting parameters to DCT coefficients. Even as this adaptive method is applied, the up-sampling operation in the decoder has the same computational complexity as the fixed weighting method. The proposed adaptive up-sampling method shows a much improved PSNR in comparison with the recent H.264 SVC up-sampling method.
A Simple Fast Response Anemometer (1963)

Techniques are considered for measuring unsteady ground winds specifically for the purpose of defining inputs for the dynamic load problem encountered by booster vehicles on the launch pad. It is shown that the drag sphere type anemometer is ideally suited for such measurements because (1) it is responsive to the higher frequency wind fluctuations which conventional anemometers do not generally follow and (2) the input quantity of interest, that is, the dynamic pressure, is measured directly by such an instrument. Some development and field experience recently acquired at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, is presented for two different types of drag-sphere anemometers. The merits in using a perforated rather than a continuous smooth-surface sphere as a drag sensor are indicated.