gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-activity relationships among purines related to 6-mercaptopurine. (1958)

Summary The specificity of action of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) against Sarcoma 180 has been examined through the synthesis and testing of 102 related substances. The substitution of a variety of other groups, e.g., alkyl, halogen, cyano, and carboxy for the mercapto group led in general to less active or inactive compounds. Other changes on the purine nucleus such as substitution at positions 2 and 8 or alkylation of the ring nitrogens resulted, in general, in loss of activity. The exception to this was the 2-amino-derivative (thioguanine) which, like 6-MP, is a close analog of a natural purine. Thioguanine was active against Sarcoma 180 at about 1/20 the dosage of 6-MP but had about the same therapeutic index. Replacement of the 2-amino group of thioguanine by alkylamino, arylamino, or heterocyclic amino groups lowered the activity markedly. The abilities of the substances to exert antimetabolic effects in the growth of Lactobacillus casei also were examined. The two most active substances, 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine, are clearly antagonists of the corresponding natural oxygen-containing purines. A number of derivatives exerted similar effects in both biological systems; however, several substances, which are essentially inactive microbiologically, exerted antitumor effects. Since these are found chiefly among S-substituted derivatives, the possibility was considered of metabolic cleavage of such substances with formation of the parent mercaptan.
Effect of arginine, ornithine and citrulline supplementation upon performance and metabolism of trained rats (2002)

During intense exercise there is an augmented production of ammonia and IMP in the exercised muscle that could be related to the establishment of peripheral fatigue. In order to prevent this accumulation, the urea cycle in the liver eliminates ammonia in the form of urea and the skeletal muscle buffers the increase of ammonia via transamination reactions. In the present study we evaluated the effect of arginine, citrulline and ornithine supplementation, intermediates of the urea cycle, on the performance of sedentary and swimming-trained rats submitted to a single bout of exhaustive exercise. We also measured the glycogen content of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and of the liver, as well as the plasma concentrations of ammonia, urea, glutamine, glucose and lactate. The results indicate that arginine, citrulline and ornithine supplementation increased the flux of substrate through the reaction catalysed by glutamine synthetase, leading to increased glutamine production after an exhaustive bout of exercise, and of the mechanism involved in ammonia buffering.
Gaussian Mixture Models based on the Phase Spectra for Illumination Invariant Face Identification on the Yale Database (2007)

The appearance of a face is severely altered by illumination conditions that makes automatic face recognition a challenging task. In [14], we introduced an illumination- invariant face identification method based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and the phase spectra of the Fourier Transform of images. In this paper we explore the application of this identification scheme on the Yale database that contains images with a greater degree of illumination variations. The novelty of our approach is that the model is able to capture the illumination variations so aptly that it yields satisfactory results without an illumination normalization unlike most existing methods. Identification based on a MAP estimate achieves misclassitication error rate of 3.5% and a low verification rate of 0.4% on this database with 10 people and 64 different illumination conditions. Both these sets of results are significantly better than those obtained from traditional PCA and LDA classifiers. We next show that upon illumination normalization, our method succeeds in attaining near-perfect results using the reconstructed images. A rigorous comparison with existing state-of-the-art approaches demonstrates that our proposed technique outperforms all of those. Furthermore, some statistical analyses pertaining to Bayesian model selection and large-scale performance evaluation based on random effects model are included.
Theory on the Square Wave Polarizations Under Controlled Current Conditions (1982)

The potential change of corroding systems responding to the repetitive square wave current was deduced theoretically. The corroding systems were simulated by a linear circuit which was constructed with polarization resistance, solution resistance and capacitance due to electrical double layer. The potential change, where the response reached a steady state, was obtained asδΔEm=I0[(R+Rs)M(t, 2p)-(2R(-1)nexp{(n+1)p-t/CR})/(exp(p/CR)+1)]where I0 is the amplitude of applied square wave current, Rs, solution resistance, R polarization resistance, M unit square wave function, t time, p period of square wave, and n the maximum integer which does not exceed t/p. From this equation several ways of separating R, Rs, and C, from each other were proposed being based upon the following relations.δΔEm(t=np)=2I0Rs, ΔEp(p→∞)=ΔEp(f→0)=2I0(R+Rs)ΔEp(f→∞)=2Rs, {∂ΔEp/∂(1/f)}(1/f→0)=2I0/Cwhere δΔEm(t=np) is potential change at the instant of polarity change and ΔEp is the peak-to-peak value of potential change. Finally, the feature of this method was discussed.
Mobile elements and disease (1998)

A substantial fraction of mammalian genomes is composed of mobile elements and their remnants. Recent insertions of LTR-retrotransposons, non-LTR retrotransposons, and non-autonomous retrotransposons have caused disease frequently in mice, but infrequently in humans. Although many of these elements are defective, a number of mammalian non-LTR retrotransposons of the L1 type are capable of autonomous retrotransposition. The mechanism by which they retrotranspose and in turn aide the retrotransposition of non-autonomous elements is being elucidated.
Sign <sup>3</sup> ‐LMS data‐transition decision feedback equaliser (2019)

This study presents an adaptive data‐transition decision feedback equaliser (DT‐DFE) with a sign 3 least‐mean‐square (LMS) tap adaptation. Commonly used data‐state (DS) DFE suffers from reduced vertical eye‐opening when consecutive 1's or 0's are encountered. The proposed DT‐DFE performs DFE only when a data transition is detected. It boosts the eye‐opening of the high‐frequency components of data without attenuating the low‐frequency components of data whereas DS‐DFE boosts the eye‐opening of the high‐frequency components of data at the expense of the attenuated low‐frequency components of data. The reference voltages of DS‐DFE is tap‐dependent whereas those of DT‐DFE are tap‐independent and are obtained by conveying consecutive 1's and 0's to the channel in a training phase. The proposed DT‐DFE utilises loop unrolling to detect the occurrence of data transition. The performance of the proposed DT‐DFE is compared with that of DS‐DFE using two 5 Gbps backplane serial links designed in a TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. Simulation results demonstrate that the eye‐opening of the link with DT‐DFE is 1.54 times that with DS‐DFE. The vertical eye‐opening of the link with DT‐DFE activating tap adaptation on two consecutive state transitions of opposite polarities is 1.2 times that that activates tap adaptation on single state transition. The proposed DT‐DFE is less sensitive to process uncertainty whereas DS‐DFE is prone to process uncertainty with severely deteriorating performance.
Brain-injured persons in an altered state of consciousness: Measures and intervention strategies (1994)

We evaluated the states of consciousness of seven persons who had sustained a severe head injury, and describe the behavioural manifestations associated with four treatment strategies. The subjects were between the ages of 19 and 55 and were recruited from both acute and long-term care facilities; all were in an altered state of consciousness. The severity of the injury was measured by time in coma, the scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale [1] and the Coma Near Coma Scale [2]. Structured interventions consisted of visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory and tactile stimulation; behaviour was measured using the Disability Rating Scale [3, 4] and a portion of the Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale [5]. Sensory-motor indications were recorded using a questionnaire developed by Freeman [6] and a quality-of-life instrument, developed for use with individuals having multiple disabilities [7], was adapted for the purpose of this study. Our results suggest that the use of structured interventions in the first 24 months following severe head injury is associated with a trend towards improved auditory and visual skills performance, manual performance, swallowing and language. Whereas initially no subject had any form of verbalization, by the final evaluation five subjects had some form of communication, either verbal or non-verbal.
Natural antioxidant dihydroxybenzyl alcohol blocks ritonavir-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries and human endothelial cells (2011)

These findings suggest that the naturally occurring antioxidant DHBA reduces the impairment of vasomotor functions caused by RTV in porcine PAs and reduces oxidative stress caused by RTV in HPAEC and porcine PA rings. This study indicates that DHBA may have clinical applications in the prevention or treatment of antiretroviral drugs-associated vascular complications in patients with HIV.
GC/MS: a practical user's guide (1999)

A GC/MS PRIMER. Sample Preparation and Introduction. The Gas Chromatograph. The Mass Spectrometer. Getting Started in GC/MS. GC/MS OPTIMIZATION. Chromatographic Methods Development. Mass Spectrometer Setup and Operation. Data Processing and Network Interfacing. System Maintenance and Troubleshooting. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY. GC/MS in the Environmental Laboratory. An Introduction to Structural Interpretation. Ion Trap GC/MS Systems. Other GC/MS Systems. An Introduction to LC/MS. Appendices. Index.
A Large Anisotropic Enhancement of the Charge Carrier Mobility of Flexible Organic Transistors with Strain: A Hall Effect and Raman Study (2019)

Utilizing the intrinsic mobility-strain relationship in semiconductors is critical for enabling strain engineering applications in high-performance flexible electronics. Here, measurements of Hall effect and Raman spectra of an organic semiconductor as a function of uniaxial mechanical strain are reported. This study reveals a very strong, anisotropic, and reversible modulation of the intrinsic (trap-free) charge carrier mobility of single-crystal rubrene transistors with strain, showing that the effective mobility of organic circuits can be enhanced by up to 100% with only 1% of compressive strain. Consistently, Raman spectroscopy reveals a systematic shift of the low-frequency Raman modes of rubrene to higher (lower) frequencies with compressive (tensile) strain, which is indicative of a reduction (enhancement) of thermal molecular disorder in the crystal with strain. This study lays the foundation of the strain engineering in organic electronics and advances the knowledge of the relationship between the carrier mobility, low-frequency vibrational modes, strain, and molecular disorder in organic semiconductors.
Search for singlet oxygen in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by mineral compounds in aqueous solutions (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSearch for singlet oxygen in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by mineral compounds in aqueous solutionsJ. M. AubryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 21, 5844–5849Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00307a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00307a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1654Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT ONE‐POT CONVERSION OF ARENE‐ AND HETEROARENECARBOXALDEHYDE PHENYLHYDRAZONES INTO NITRILES VIA REACTION WITH N,N‐DIMETHYLDICHLOROMETHANIMINIUM CHLORIDE (1985)

Abstract Die Arylhydrazone (I) werden mit dem Phosgeniminium‐Salz (H) in die Nitrile (III) übergeführt.
Civil Litigation Reform in the Trump Era: Threats and Opportunities Searching for Salvageable Ideas in FICALA (2018)

The Fairness in Class Action Litigation Act of 2017 (FICALA) was introduced in Congress less than three weeks after Donald Trump took office as President. Supported by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and opposed by consumer advocates and civil rights groups, the bill passed the House of Representatives one month after its introduction on a party-line vote of 220 to 201, with 220 Republicans and zero Democrats voting in favor. FICALA stalled in the Senate and, as of this writing, does not appear to be moving toward passage in its current form. But reform ideas have a way of reappearing, particularly when driven by a constituency with much at stake and plenty of resources to push an agenda. Corporations that face mass litigation are a powerful voice for change, and class actions and multidistrict litigation are prime targets. Moreover, the quick vote in the House shows that there is at least some political appetite for the proposed reforms. In anticipation of the reincarnation of the bill in some form, it is worth exploring whether it contains any good ideas.
Nerve growth factor-induced transformation of immature chromaffin cells in vivo into sympathetic neurons: effect of antiserum to nerve growth factor. (1979)

Pre- and postnatal injections of nerve growth factor, initiated with one dose on day 17 of gestation and continued after birth with daily subcutaneous administration until day 10 of life, produce massive transformation of chromaffin in sympathetic nerve cells in the rat adrenal medulla. Large sympathetic ganglia, absent in controls, adhere to the medial external surface of the gland. Nerve fibers produced by the transformed chromaffin cells invade the inner and outer cortical zones of the organ, producing cell depletion and substantial alteration of the structure of the cortical layers. When the growth factor treatment is initiated after birth, only a partial replacement of chromaffin with nerve cells takes place. The treatment is ineffective after the second postnatal week. Injections of a specific antiserum to nerve growth factor in 17-day-old rat fetuses, which were continued after birth, produce progressive and massive destruction of chromaffin cell precursors and of immature chromaffin cells in the adrenal medullary gland.
Lysine 274 is essential for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. (1992)

Lysine 274 is conserved in all known fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase sequences. It has been implicated in substrate binding and/or catalysis on the basis of reactivity with pyridoxal phosphate as well as by x-ray crystallographic analysis. Lys274 of rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was mutated to alanine by the polymerase chain reaction, and the T7-RNA polymerase-transcribed construct containing the mutant sequence was expressed in Escherichia coli. The mutant and wild-type forms of the enzyme were purified to homogeneity, and their specific activity, substrate dependence, and inhibition by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP were compared. While the mutant exhibited no change in maximal velocity, its Km for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was 20-fold higher than that of the wild-type, and its Ki for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was increased 1000-fold. Consistent with the unaltered maximal velocity, there were no apparent difference between the secondary structure of the wild-type and mutant enzyme forms, as measured by circular dichroism and ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. The Ki for the allosteric inhibitor AMP was only slightly increased, indicating that Lys274 is not directly involved in AMP inhibition. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate potentiated AMP inhibition of both forms, but 500-fold higher concentrations of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate were needed to reduce the Ki for AMP for the mutant compared to the wild-type. However, potentiation of AMP inhibition of the Lys274----Ala mutant was evident at fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentrations (approximately 100 microM) well below those that inhibited the enzyme, which suggests that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate interacts either with the AMP site directly or with other residues involved in the active site-AMP synergy. The results also demonstrate that although Lys274 is an important binding site determinant for sugar bisphosphates, it plays a more significant role in binding fructose 2,6-bisphosphate than fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, probably because it binds the 2-phospho group of the former while other residues bind the 1-phospho group of the substrate. It is concluded that the enzyme utilizes Lys274 to discriminate between its substrate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I: molecular characteristics of two novel alpha-L-iduronidase mutations in Tunisian patients (2011)

The identification of these mutations should facilitate prenatal diagnosis and counseling for MPS I in Tunisia.
互联网=营销＋销售 (2007)

互联网对于沃尔玛意味着什么？ John Fleming：当我负责Walmart．com时，我把这个网站看成是一种广告载体，但这个网站作为一种营销渠道，实际上对于沃尔玛来说有着更多的价值。我们大约有2000万消费者在Walmart．com上消费，这些人中的94％也每个月去沃尔玛店面消费一次。他们要找到店面之外的网络渠道能够提供的商品——无论是信息、增加的服务还是商品种类等。
Operational method of a ferroelectric (Fe)-NAND flash memory array (2009)

Operations of arrayed ferroelectric (Fe)-NAND flash memory cells: erase, program and read were demonstrated for the first time using a small cell array of four word lines by two NAND strings. The memory cells and select-gate transistors were all n-channel Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/Hf-Al-O/Si ferroelectric-gate field effect transistors. The erase was performed by applying 10 µs wide 7 V pulses to n- and p-wells. The program was performed by applying 10 µs wide 7 V pulses to selected word lines. Accumulated read currents of 51 programmed patterns in the Fe-NAND flash memory cell array successfully showed distribution of the two distinguishable '0' and '1' states. The margin between the two states became wider by applying a verification technique in programming a cell out of the eight. Retention times of bit-line currents were obtained over 33 h for both the '0' and '1' states in a program pattern.
Strukturierte Katalysatoren als Bausteine multifunktionaler Reaktoren (2007)

consuredimethylester (DMI) enantioselektiv in wssrig-mizellarer Umgebung z. T. mit einem ee > 90 % hydriert und die Rckfhrung des Katalysators an verschiedenen Membranen fr eini-
Using Mobile Internet Gateways in Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have recently received tremendous research attention in industry and academia. The application domain of WMN is expanding from experimental settings in academic research to practical implementations in community networking, public safety, transportation services, healthcare systems and other similar applications. While these applications are evolving, there are still key challenges in terms of network performance, flexibility and resource management. In this paper we study wireless mesh networks with mobile Internet gateways. We employ a multi-path routing scheme with a routing metric based on load balancing to reduce packet loss and delay. Unlike most existing multipath routing protocols, our approach supports the maintenance of parallel multiple paths. Simulation experiments are carried out to assess network performance in the presence of mobile gateways. Simulation results show that the use of mobile gateways with concurrent multipath routing can result in good performance at lower speed and multiple mobile gateways.
Picornaviral Gene Order: Comparison of a Rhinovirus with a Cardiovirus (1973)

We describe conditions for unmasking virus-specific protein synthesis in cells infected with rhinoviruses 1A and 2. The gene order and cleavage pattern of rhinovirus 1A show many similarities to those of encephalomyocarditis virus and of poliovirus.
Functional verification of intellectual properties (IP): a simulation-based solution for an application-specific instruction-set processor (2003)

Scalability and customization properties of IP modules demand for new approaches in functional verification. We present a novel simulation-based solution for an Application-specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP). Existing assembler code preselected by IP-configurable constraints forms the verification data base (reference stimuli). A behavioral "golden model" of the IP is used to derive expected responses suitable for any possible configuration of the final ASIP (RTL) implementation. Cycle-based verification is performed by stimulating the RTL model with the assembled reference stimuli and by comparing the outputs (actual responses) against the expected responses. Primary input stimulation is accomplished by reading back interface data prior written to a memory (model) under control of the reference stimuli. The synchronization of the configaration-dependent actual responses to the non-cycle-related expected responses is achieved by a mechanism based on "interface-specific activity scheduling", which further more reduces the number of vectors efficiently, resulting in a significant simulation speed-up.
The Phase Behavior of bis-(4'-<i>n</i>-Heptyloxybenzylidene)-1,4-Phenylenediamine (HEPTOBPD), Crystal J and K Phases (1983)

Abstract Detailed X-ray diffraction studies of bis-(4'-n-heptyloxybenzylidene)-1,4-phenylenediamine (HEPTOBPD) have led to a positive phase identification, subsequently given confirmation by texture and miscibility studies. No new smectic liquid crystal phases, but two disordered crystal phases (J and K) are found which are analogous to G and H phases except for the direction of tilt.
A Theoretical Framework for Assessing Eavesdropping-Resistant Authentication Interfaces (2009)

A simple theoretical framework is developed to evaluate the security and usability of eavesdropping-resistant authentication schemes. Such schemes strive to allow users to authenticate without disclosing the user's credentials to an eavesdropper, while using only standard computer hardware (monitor, keyboard and mouse). We find that schemes based on shared secrets and standard computer hardware are unable to deliver real security advantages. For all the schemes reported to date, an attacker can collect all the needed information within ten observations of successful authentications. Shared secret schemes can provide security only if the space of possible shared secrets is extensive enough to prevent an exhaustive search. In turn, this complexity of the shared secrets space is already limited by usability considerations, and cannot be increased further. Thus, for truly user-friendly interfaces resistant to eavesdropping attacks, shared secrets must be combined with other authentication factors: biometrics or special hardware.