gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Definition of new quality criteria and assessment means for masks at 150-nm design rules and beyond (1999)

Low-k<SUB>1</SUB> lithography requires enhancement techniques like phase shift and OPC. These techniques impose new and challenging specifications on photomasks. A development to establish means and methods to verify corner rounding, line end shortening, defect printability and the size of jogs, serifs and assist lines in a production worthy manner is based on the assessment of mask production data through a new cluster software tool which combines the output data of a mask defect inspection system, a CD metrology system, an AIMS based mask review station and printing simulation results. Possible definitions of new type photomask quality criteria are discussed and measurement procedures are proposed. As a key application the review of critical features on reticles (OPC, classical defects, contact printability, etc.) at changing stepper conditions ((lambda) , N.A., (sigma) ) is discussed. The concept and the development status of a Photomask Qualification Cluster is presented and early performance results are examined against the target values which are a defect detection sensitivity of 125 nm, optical resolution of 200 nm lines for assist line assessment, CD measurement on lines, contacts and OPC structures with 5 nm repeatability and mask pattern fidelity assessment at printing conditions down to 500 nm lines at reticle level.
Improved detection of small deletions in complex pools of DNA (2002)

About 40% of the genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have homologs in humans. Based on the history of this model system, it is clear that the application of genetic methods to the study of this set of genes would provide important clues to their function in humans. To facilitate such genetic studies, we are engaged in a project to derive deletion alleles in every gene in this set. Our standard methods make use of nested PCR to hunt for animals in mutagenized populations that carry deletions at a given locus. The deletion bearing animals exist initially in mixed populations where the majority of the animals are wild type at the target. Therefore, the production of the PCR fragment representing the deletion allele competes with the production of the wild type fragment. The size of the deletion fragment relative to wild type determines whether it can compete to a level where it can be detected above the background. Using our standard conditions, we have found that when the deletion is <600 bp, the deletion fragment does not compete effectively with the production of the wild type fragment in PCR. Therefore, although our standard methods work well to detect mutants with deletions >600 bp, they do not work well to detect mutants with smaller deletions. Here we report a new strategy to detect small deletion alleles in complex DNA pools. Our new strategy is a modification of our standard PCR based screens. In the first round of the nested PCR, we include a third PCR primer between the two external primers. The presence of this third primer leads to the production of three fragments from wild type DNA. We configure the system so that two of these three fragments cannot serve as a template in the second round of the nested PCR. The addition of this third primer, therefore, handicaps the amplification from wild type template. On the other hand, the amplification of mutant fragments where the binding site for the third primer is deleted is unabated. Overall, we see at least a 500-fold increase in the sensitivity for small deletion fragments using our new method. Using this new method, we report the recovery of new deletion alleles within 12 C.elegans genes.
Rpa4, a Homolog of the 34-Kilodalton Subunit of the Replication Protein A Complex (1995)

Replication protein A (RPA) is a complex of three polypeptides of 70, 34, and 13 kDa isolated from diverse eukaryotes. The complex is a single-stranded DNA-binding protein essential for simian virus 40-based DNA replication in vitro and for viability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified a new 30-kDa human protein which interacts with the 70- and 13-kDa subunits of RPA, with a yeast two-hybrid/interaction trap method. This protein, Rpa4, has 47% identity with Rpa2, the 34-kDa subunit of RPA. Rpa4 associates with the 70- and 13-kDa subunits to form a trimeric complex capable of binding to single-stranded DNA. Rpa4 is preferentially expressed in placental and colon mucosa tissues. In the placenta, Rpa4 is more abundant than the 70-kDa Rpa1 subunit and is not associated with either Rpa1 or with any other single-stranded DNA-binding protein. In proliferating cells in culture, Rpa4 is considerably less abundant than Rpa1 and Rpa2. Northern (RNA) blot analysis suggest that there are alternatively processed forms of the RPA4 mRNA, and Southern blot analysis indicates that beside RPA4 there may be other members of the RPA2 gene family.
Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2018)

Scientific advances have improved therapies that prevent progression of irreversible joint damage in up to 90% of patients with RA. Early treatment with methotrexate plus glucocorticoids and subsequently with other DMARDs, such as inhibitors of TNF, IL-6, or Janus kinases, improves outcomes and prevents RA-related disability. A treat-to-target strategy aimed at reducing disease activity by at least 50% within 3 months and achieving remission or low disease activity within 6 months, with sequential drug treatment if needed, can prevent RA-related disability.
Mechanisms of prior blood transfusion-cyclosporine-induced tolerance: a potential role for immune-cellular chimerism. (1991)

Skin allografts were not enhanced by prior conditioning of blood and CyA (5 or 10 mg/kg/d). However, when BM-CyA pretreatment was used, SA survival was significantly prolonged (CyA, 5 or 10 mg/kg/d). In examining differences between the BT-CyA and BM-CyA protocols, equivocal levels of donor microchimerism (1.5%) were found in the spleens of BT-CyA conditioned recipients at the time of transplantation (day 0). In contrast, highly significant levels of splenic donor chimerism (17.2%) developed at day 0 for the BM-CyA pretransplant recipients. Skin-allograft prolongation under the BM-CyA protocol implied that the effect may be linked to the existence of a donor-specific stem-cell population in the recipient animal.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of allergen-specific T cells in allergy and asthma (2020)

CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper (T<sub>H</sub>) cells and regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub>) cells that respond to common allergens play an important role in driving and dampening airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Until recently, direct, unbiased molecular analysis of allergen-reactive T<sub>H</sub> and T<sub>reg</sub> cells has not been possible. To better understand the diversity of these T cell subsets in allergy and asthma, we analyzed the single-cell transcriptome of ~50,000 house dust mite (HDM) allergen-reactive T<sub>H</sub> cells and T<sub>reg</sub> cells from asthmatics with HDM allergy and from three control groups: asthmatics without HDM allergy and nonasthmatics with and without HDM allergy. Our analyses show that HDM allergen-reactive T<sub>H</sub> and T<sub>reg</sub> cells are highly heterogeneous and certain subsets are quantitatively and qualitatively different in individuals with HDM-reactive asthma. The number of interleukin-9 (IL-9)-expressing HDM-reactive T<sub>H</sub> cells is greater in asthmatics with HDM allergy compared with nonasthmatics with HDM allergy, and this IL-9-expressing T<sub>H</sub> subset displays enhanced pathogenic properties. More HDM-reactive T<sub>H</sub> and T<sub>reg</sub> cells expressing the interferon response signature (T<sub>H</sub>IFNR and T<sub>reg</sub>IFNR) are present in asthmatics without HDM allergy compared with those with HDM allergy. In cells from these subsets (T<sub>H</sub>IFNR and T<sub>reg</sub>IFNR), expression of <i>TNFSF10</i> was enriched; its product, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, dampens activation of T<sub>H</sub> cells. These findings suggest that the T<sub>H</sub>IFNR and T<sub>reg</sub>IFNR subsets may dampen allergic responses, which may help explain why only some people develop T<sub>H</sub>2 responses to nearly ubiquitous allergens.
Transformation of a continuous rat embryo fibroblast cell line requires three separate domains of simian virus 40 large T antigen (1992)

Mouse C3H 10T1/2 cells and the established rat embryo fibroblast cell line REF-52 are two cell lines widely used in studies of viral transformation. Studies have shown that transformation of 10T1/2 cells requires only the amino-terminal 121 amino acids of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen, while transformation of REF-52 cells requires considerably more of large T antigen, extending from near the N terminus to beyond residue 600. The ability of a large set of linker insertion, small deletion, and point mutants of SV40 T antigen to transform these two cell lines and to bind p105Rb was determined. Transformation of 10T1/2 cells was greatly reduced by mutations within the first exon of the gene for large T antigen but was only modestly affected by mutations affecting the p105Rb binding site or the p53 binding region. All mutants defective for transformation of 10T1/2 cells were also defective for transformation of REF-52 cells. In addition, mutants whose T antigens had alterations in the Rb binding site showed a substantial reduction in transformation of REF-52 cells, and the degree of this reduction could be correlated with the ability of the mutant T antigens to bind p105Rb. There was a tight correlation between the ability of mutants to transform REF-52 cells and the ability of their T antigens to bind p53. These results demonstrate that multiple regions of large T antigen are required for full transformation by SV40.
Multi-enzyme systems: bringing enzymes together in vitro (2011)

In living cells enzymes catalyze a wide variety of metabolic processes, which involve multiple reaction steps. Efficient transfer of the intermediates from one catalytic site to the other is achieved by the formation of macromolecular enzyme complexes. This phenomenon, called metabolic channeling, has inspired researchers to bring biocatalysts together in an artificial way as well. This review describes the various in vitro strategies which have been exploited so far. A distinction is made based on the degree of control over the assembly process. Non-specific, covalent co-immobilization as well as non-covalent encapsulation, scaffold-mediated co-localization and site-specific covalent conjugation strategies are discussed.
Purification and Characterization of Chinese Hamster Phosphatidylserine Synthase 2 (2003)

Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) in mammalian cells is synthesized through the action of PtdSer synthase (PSS) 1 and 2, which catalyze the conversion of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively, to PtdSer. The PtdSer synthesis in intact cells and an isolated membrane fraction is inhibited by exogenous PtdSer, indicating that inhibition of PtdSer synthases by PtdSer is important for the regulation of PtdSer biosynthesis. In this study, to examine whether the inhibition occurs through the direct interaction of PtdSer with the synthases or is mediated by unidentified factor(s), we purified a FLAG and HA peptide-tagged form of Chinese hamster PSS 2 to near homogeneity. The purified enzyme, as well as the crude enzyme in a membrane fraction, was inhibited on the addition of PtdSer to the enzyme assay mixture. In contrast to PtdSer, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine did not significantly inhibit the purified enzyme. Furthermore, PtdSer-resistant PtdSer synthesis was observed on cell-free assaying of the membrane fraction prepared from a Chinese hamster ovary cell strain whose PtdSer synthesis in vivo is not inhibited by exogenous PtdSer. These results suggested that the interaction of PtdSer with PSS 2 or a very minor protein co-purified with PSS 2 was critical for the regulation of PSS 2 activity in intact cells.
Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Dublin, and Gallinarum Strains of Well- Defined Virulence in Food-Producing Animals (2011)

Salmonella enterica is an animal and zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance and may be classified into serovars differing in virulence and host range. We sequenced and annotated the genomes of serovar Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Dublin, and Gallinarum strains of defined virulence in each of three food-producing animal hosts. This provides valuable measures of intraserovar diversity and opportunities to formally link genotypes to phenotypes in target animals.
TBLR1 regulates the expression of nuclear hormone receptor co-repressors (2006)

TBLR1 is a multifunctional co-repressor of transcription. The structure of this family of molecules is highly conserved and closely related co-repressors have been found in all eukaryotic organisms. Regulation of co-repressor expression and the consequent alterations in transcriptional silencing play an important role in the regulation of differentiation.
Digital Thermography of the Fingers and Toes in Raynaud's Phenomenon (2014)

The aim of this study was to determine whether skin temperature measurement by digital thermography on hands and feet is useful for diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Fifty-seven patients with RP (primary RP, n = 33; secondary RP, n = 24) and 146 healthy volunteers were recruited. After acclimation to room temperature for 30 min, thermal imaging of palmar aspect of hands and dorsal aspect of feet were taken. Temperature differences between palm (center) and the coolest finger and temperature differences between foot dorsum (center) and first toe significantly differed between patients and controls. The area under curve analysis showed that temperature difference of the coolest finger (cutoff value: 2.2℃) differentiated RP patients from controls (sensitivity/specificity: 67/60%, respectively). Temperature differences of first toe (cutoff value: 3.11℃) also discriminated RP patients (sensitivity/specificity: about 73/66%, respectively). A combination of thermographic assessment of the coolest finger and first toe was highly effective in men (sensitivity/specificity : about 88/60%, respectively) while thermographic assessment of first toe was solely sufficient for women (sensitivity/specificity: about 74/68%, respectively). Thermographic assessment of the coolest finger and first toe is useful for diagnosing RP. In women, thermography of first toe is highly recommended.
Use of photorefractive fiber in optical interconnections and switching (1990)

Various uses of photorefractive fiber in optical interconnections and electrooptical switching in terms of phase conjugate hologram technique are proposed.
<title>ACE-CRIS Scintillating Optical Fiber Trajectory (SOFT) detector: a calibration at the NSCL</title> (1996)

The scintillating optical fiber trajectory (SOFT) detector, which is the hodoscope for the cosmic ray isotope spectrometer (CRIS) on the NASA advanced composition explorer (ACE) satellite, was calibrated using 155 MeV/n He, Li, C, N, O, Ne, and Ar at the Michigan State University National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). The instrument consists of three hodoscope fiber planes and one trigger plane which are read out by an image intensified CCD camera system and by intensified photodiodes respectively. The instrument is described and the detection efficiency and spatial resolution is presented.
Two-Port Magnetostatic Wave Resonators Utilizing Periodic Reflective Arrays (2005)

Two-port magnetostatic wave, surface wave resonators utilizing periodic etched groove array reflectors have been fabricated on LPE YIG and evaluated in S-band. Loaded Q's of greater than 800 have been observed with octave bandwidth tunability. Theory based on a cascaded transmission line model has shown good agreement with the experimental results. Loaded Q's approaching the material Q of >3000 appear feasible. Cascading of resonators to obtain better off-resonance isolation and complex filter function is feasible.
GAMMA RADIATION DAMAGE AND DECONTAMINATION EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR HOT LABORATORY AND FUEL PROCESSING FACILITIES (1965)

The tests presented in this report are empirical tests which have been developed only for innnediate compa.risonpurposes.Standard methods have not been established for decontamination tests, and because of the variety and number of samples involved there is reason to believe that.a few products may.have received incorrect ratings.The authors believe, however, that this report presents data adequate for empirical purpos~s and that it contributes heretofore unpublished data ' that may be of general interest to users of radioactive isotopes in the selection of materials for radiochemical facilities.The tests presented herein•fulfill Oak Ridge National Laboratory's innnediate needs•, and an extension of this test program is not planned..•.
ZnSe Quantum Dots Within CdS Nanorods: A Seeded‐Growth Type‐II System (2008)

CdS nanorods with ZnSe seeds are developed. Rod growth is achieved for a seed with a zinc blende structure. Due to the type-I potential profile in this anisotropic nanoheterostructure, charge-carrier separation occurs in the excited state of the nanorod. Structural characterization is shown as well as static and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. A fluorescence quantum yield of 45% is achieved, demonstrating the exceptional optical properties of these structures.
Nodule Parenchyma-Specific Expression of the Sesbania rostrata Early Nodulin Gene SrEnod2 Is Mediated by Its 3' Untranslated Region (1998)

Rujin Chen, David L. Silver, Frans J. de Bruijn, Nodule Parenchyma-Specific Expression of the Sesbania rostrata Early Nodulin Gene SrEnod2 Is Mediated by Its 3′ Untranslated Region, The Plant Cell, Vol. 10, No. 10 (Oct., 1998), pp. 1585-1602
스마트폰 앱(App)을 활용한 스마트 러닝으로서의 미술교육 사례 연구 (2013)

본고는 미술교육에서 스마트 러닝의 일환으로 학습자들이 가장 쉽게 접할 수 있는 스마트폰 앱(App)을 활용한 수업을 통해 학습에 대한 흥미와 제작 능력, 수업 참여도, 만족도 등의 긍정적 결과를 확인하여 학교현장 교육에서 스마트 러닝 확대를 위한 방안을 제시하며 교육적 효용을 논하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 중학생 204명을 대상으로 스마트폰 앱...
Mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based cisplatin prodrug delivery and anticancer effect under reductive cellular environment (2013)

This work demonstrates the judicious application of a prodrug delivery strategy to achieve a highly improved anticancer drug effect of cisplatin using mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Our effort primarily addressed several pressing needs to overcome various impediments such as toxicity concerns, rapid inactivation, and low drug efficiency of cisplatin prodrug. The developed delivery system utilizes fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a template to host the cisplatin prodrug through a reducible linkage. The inactive oxidized Pt(iv) complex installed on the surface of the mesoporous silica nanoparticles in the prodrug conferred stability to cisplatin; however, in the reductive environment of cancer cell lines the active cisplatin form was regenerated. Prodrug-conjugated nanoparticles showed 63 times lower IC<sub>50</sub> value than that of cisplatin in HeLa cell line. The delivery system not only demonstrates enhanced cellular uptake but also shows a high drug effect which should diminish the associated side effects. Furthermore, a new, easy and inexpensive fluorescent based Pt quantification method has been adopted instead of the commonly used ICP-based quantification method and this strategy of quantification could be elaborated to monitor fluorescent prodrug nanoparticles during real-time diagnosis.
Construction of command car for geological disaster emergency monitoring and investigating (2009)

The paper reviews the characteristics of geological disasters in Three Gorges reservoir area and the bandwidth of the communication lines, as well as the functions and the effects of emergency rescue system. The thesis briefly describes the target and content of the monitoring and prediction of the emergent geological disasters commanding platform, and also gives the data flow analysis of its subsystems emergency - commanding car, upon which the overall system block diagram design of the commanding car can be achieved. According to the mainly indexes of the system requirements, we analyze the functions of its sub-modules, and finally implement the system. The spot test shows that the design of this system is reliable, security and strong, of which the voice is clear, the images are smooth, the data transmission is stable.
Restoration by purified C3b inactivator of complement-mediated function in vivo in a patient with C3b inactivator deficiency. (1975)

In a patient with lifelong increased susceptibility to infection and multiple abnormalities in complement-mediated functions, the infusion of normal plasma had been seen to produce a prolonged partial correction of serum abnormalities. It was subsequently shown that the patient was genetically deficient in the C3b inactivator and that immunochemical depletion of C3b inactivator from normal serum resulted in abnormalities similar to those found in the patient's serum, including alternative pathway C3 activation. Highly purified C3b inactivator was obtained from the euglobulin fraction of normal human serum, sterilized by filtration, and infused intravenously. Partial or complete correction of almost all the known serum abnormalities was obtained. C3b almost disappeared from the serum within 4-5 h, as did Factor C activity. Native C3, C5, and serum hemolytic activity rose to normal or near-normal levels over 4 days and were sustained for another week. Factor B, properdin, opsonic activity, and bactericidal activity reached a level at least two-five times that found before the infusion within 24 h and fell over the next 5 days. These observations prove the primary role of C3b inactivator deficiency in the patient's disease and demonstrate clearly the curcial role in vivo of C3b inactivator in modulating alternative pathway activity.
The multitoken interarrival time (MTIT) access protocol for supporting variable size packets over WDM ring network (2000)

One of the approaches currently pursued to provide an optical network architecture for supporting the next generation Internet consists of transmitting the Internet protocol (IP) packets directly over the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) layer. The challenge of this approach is to make the optical bandwidth directly accessible to IP with the statistical multiplexing necessary to support the bursty nature of IP traffic in a cost effective way. This paper proposes a WDM ring architecture with a multitoken interarrival time (MTIT) access protocol designed to achieve a bandwidth efficient multiplexing technique in local and metropolitan network applications. The MTIT protocol achieves efficient multiplexing of all-optically transmitted packets by means of multiple control tokens whose rotation speed along the ring is regulated via the "token interarrival time," as opposed to the "token rotation time" adopted in existing standards. The proposed WDM architecture and protocol provide a unique medium access control that allows one to maintain the channel access delay at a node within a limited range of values, possibly reaching average values that are below the roundtrip propagation time of the ring. In the paper it is shown that the MTIT protocol efficiency grows with the number of wavelengths-in agreement with today's WDM technology trends-and it is not a function of the packet size-a mandatory feature to support IP traffic.