gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
홍삼 산성다당체의 생리활성 연구 ( 1 ) - 알코올 중독 동물의 간장 알코올 해독계에 미치는 영향 (1998)

AcPS를 25% 알코올을 6주간 투여하여 아급성중독상태를 유발한 실험동물에 투여하여 알코올의 해독효소계를 검토하였다. 혈액중 알코올 및 acetaldehyde의 농도는 AcPS의 투여로 각각 약 34%, 24%의 농도감소가 나타났으며, glutathione reductase활성에는 별다른 영향이 없었으나 γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase의 활성은 알코올의 투여로 감소하던 것이 AcPS의 투여로 다시 대조군 수준으로 증가되었다. 간조직중 glutathione의 함량과 glutathione S-transferase의 활성은 알코올의 투여로 감소하던 것이 AcPS의 투여로 대조군 수준으로 회복되었다. 알코올의 대사계 효소인 cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase의 활성은 알코올의 아급성 투여로 약 27% 증가하던 것이 AcPS의 투여로 알코올 투여군에 비하여 약 24% 증가하였다. Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system의 활성은 알코올의 아급성 투여로 대조군에 비해 약 93% 증가를 나타내던 것이 AcPS의 투여로 알코올 투여군에 비하여 약 63% 증가하였으며 mitochondrial catalase의 활성은 거의 변화가 없었다. Acetaldehyde를 분해시키는 mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)의 활성은 알코올의 투여로 약 28% 감소되던 것이 AcPS의 투여로 대조군 수준으로 회복되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 알코올 아급성중독으로 유도되는 간장중의 효소 변동이 AcPS의 투여로 개선되는 것은 알코올 및 acetaldehyde를 분해하는 효소의 작용이 조절됨으로써 나타나는 결과로 판단된다.
Grain Composition and Productivity of Maize Hybrids Derived from the Illinois Protein Strains in Response to Variable Nitrogen Supply (2004)

The Illinois Long‐Term Protein Selection strains of maize ( Zea mays L.) have been employed in a variety of studies investigating the genetic and physiological control of maize grain composition. These prior studies, however, have not assessed the grain composition and yield potential of these strains in hybrid combinations with an elite tester, or in response to supplemental N. Our objective was to study the interactive effect of genotype and N supply on productivity and grain quality for hybrids with a wide divergence in grain protein. Hybrids derived from the Illinois Protein Strains were evaluated in a 2‐yr field experiment where N rates were varied from 0 to 235 kg ha −1 (in eight 34‐kg increments), along with a current commercial hybrid sharing the same female parent (FR1064). The Illinois Protein Strain hybrids produced grain protein concentrations that reflected the strain parents, with all hybrids except Illinois Low Protein showing increased grain protein in response to increasing N supply. Many other strain attributes were also manifested at the hybrid level, including the relative differences in kernel weights and the inverse relationship between grain protein to both starch concentration and grain yield. Nitrogen supply positively enhanced grain yield in all hybrids, primarily by increasing kernel number. Nitrogen supply also impacted the yield–protein relationship by stimulating protein synthesis rather than by inhibiting starch production. These results demonstrate the strong genetic control of grain composition in maize hybrids, which can be modulated by the positive effects of N on reproductive sink capacity and seed protein synthesis.
Enhancement of anticancer effects of radiation and conventional anticancer agents by a quinolinone derivative, vesnarinone: studies on human gastric cancer tissue xenografts in nude mice. (1998)

Vesnarinone (3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quinolinone), a quinolinone derivative, is an orally active inotropic agent used in Japan for the treatment of chronic heart failure. Recently, it has been reported that vesnarinone induces differentiation and apoptosis in certain types of leukaemia and solid tumour cells, and exhibits antitumour effect on several tumours xenografted in nude mice. In the present study, we examined the antitumour effect of vesnarinone in combination with radiation and conventional anticancer agents in nude mice xenografted with human gastric carcinoma, a poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, MKN-45 cell line which has a wild-type p53 gene. Vesnarinone treatment combined with radiation resulted in a higher antitumour activity compared with a single treatment with either vesnarinone or radiation alone. Further, vesnarinone treatment together with radiation and conventional anticancer agents including 5-FU and picibanil (an immunopotentiator) produced the highest antitumour effect compared with any other treatment. Additionally, the combination treatment induced marked differentiation and apoptosis of the tumour cells and an increase in the expression of p53 gene in the treated tumour cells. The results suggest that vesnarinone, in combination with radiation and the conventional antitumour agents, may be of clinical interest for treatment of certain types of gastric tumours.
Isolation and characterization of a mutant dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase from methotrexate-resistant Leishmania cells. (1994)

The MTX-resistant Leishmania major promastigote cell line D7BR1000 displays extrachromosomal amplified R-region DNA, which contains the gene for dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) (Garvey, E. P., and Santi, D. V. (1986) Science 233, 535-540). Now we report that these methotrexate (MTX)-resistant cells also possessed a structurally altered DHFR-TS. We have performed the cloning, expression, and characterization of the altered DHFR-TS gene. The DNA sequence of the altered DHFR-TS gene revealed a single base change in position 158 which resulted in the substitution of a methionine in position 53 of DHFR for an arginine. Steady-state measurements of the purified recombinant enzyme indicated that the mutation did not cause significant modifications in the Km for DHFR or TS substrates but lowered the kcat by 4-fold. Of greater interest, there was a modification in the effect on MTX inhibition of DHFR. The initial inhibition complex appeared to have been unaffected by the alteration, but the subsequent slow-binding step of inhibition in the wild-type enzyme is absent in the altered enzyme. Consequently, the overall Ki for MTX was 30-fold greater for the mutant than for the wild-type enzyme. Transfection of L. major with the mutant DHFR-TS gene gives parasites that are capable of growing in medium containing 10 mM methotrexate, showing that the altered DHFR gene is in itself capable of conferring MTX resistance in Leishmania.
Structure, chain orientation, and properties in thin films of aromatic polyimides with various chain rigidities (1997)

Several high temperature polyimides, as model polymers with various chain rigidities and chain orders, were synthesized through the polycondensation of p-phenylene diamine (PDA) with five different aromatic dianhydrides [i.e., pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and 4,4′-hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride (6F)], and investigated in terms of structure and properties. Both fully rodlike PMDA-PDA and ether-linked ODPA-PDA polyimides showed excellent orientation and poor ordering of chain in x-ray diffraction patterns, whereas both biphenyl-linked (BPDA-PDA) and carbonyl-linked (BTDA-PDA) polyimides exhibited excellent orientation and high ordering of chain. However, hexafluoroisopropylidene-linked 6F-PDA polyimide is structureless. The coherence length along the chain axis, which is a measure of chain rigidity and ordering, was estimated from (00l) peaks of x-ray diffraction patters: 6F-PDA (could not be measured) &lt;ODPA-PDA (95 Å)&lt;BTDA-PDA (98 Å)&lt;BPDA-PDA (104 Å)&lt;PMDA-PDA (130 Å). In films prepared on substrates, all polyimides were preferentially oriented in the film plane. However, the degree of molecular in-plane orientation strongly depended on the coherence length. Higher coherence length, i.e., higher chain rigidity and ordering, caused higher in-plane orientation of chains. However, the chain rigidity is more critically responsible for molecular in-plane orientation, in comparison to the chain ordering. Higher in-plane orientation of chains led to larger anisotropies of refractive indices and dielectric constants, higher in-plane modulus, lower in-plane thermal expansion coefficient, and lower residual stress.
The Roentgen-ray Diagnosis of Inflammatory Disease of the Appendix (1933)

ALTHOUGH much has been written concerning the roentgen-ray diagnosis of disease of the appendix, in this paper no attempt is made to review this material, for the reports here are based only on independent, personal observation. I have no doubt that many others have based their diagnoses on similar criteria. Within the past month Moore and Merritt2 have described some of the same findings. Carman, in his book, “The Roentgen Diagnosis of Diseases of the Alimentary Canal,” placed special emphasis on an article by Spriggs and Marxer in The Lancet of 1919. This has undoubtedly formed the basis for much of the best work that has been done in roentgen diagnosis of disease of the appendix. That all of the criteria advanced have been more or less unsatisfactory and unreliable is evident from the multiplicity of methods described, none of which has come into general use. Many surgeons of experience are hesitant to operate in cases in which a diagnosis of disease of the appendix has been made roentgenographically, evidently because previous experience has shown that these findings are unreliable. These same surgeons know that the results of appendectomy in some cases of so-called chronic appendicitis are brilliant, but in a much larger group they are unsatisfactory. Because of this experience they recognize a real need for a type of examination that is dependable and will indicate with reasonable certainty the cases in which surgery is a consideration. I do not believe that this is true of any of the methods now in common use. What are the indications for surgical intervention in disease of the appendix? In my opinion this must be answered from two viewpoints, the first being active inflammatory disease, and the second, mechanical disturbance resulting from previous inflammation in the appendix or other closely related structures. In active inflammation three grades are generally recognized, acute, subacute, and chronic. The characteristics of acute appendicitis are well known and do not require repetition. Spontaneous healing may take place or serious complications result. Subacute appendicitis may be a stage of subsiding acute appendix, which may later be followed by complete healing. On the other hand, there is evidence pointing to the fact that the stage of subacute inflammation may continue over a period of months or possibly years. The term “chronic appendicitis,” a loose one, generally covers any long-standing abnormality of the appendix due to active low grade infection or the result of previous infection. In the above classification it applies only to low grade, active inflammation. It may be a late stage in a subsiding acute appendicitis which will go on to complete repair, or it may continue as a low grade inflammatory condition for years. The indications for surgical intervention in the acute cases are generally recognized. In subacute appendicitis they are not so clear, probably because accurate diagnosis is much less certain.
Design of Parallel-T Resistance-Capacitance Networks (1955)

This paper deals with parallel-T resistance-capacitance networks which, for a source of finite resistance and a resistance load, have transfer characteristics symmetrical with respect to the resonant frequency. It is shown that there exists a network with the minimum loss for a prescribed frequency discrimination. Formulas are presented for the design of such a network.
A Digital Ecosystem of Diabetes Data and Technology (2015)

The management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) ideally involves regimented measurement of various health signals; constant interpretation of diverse kinds of data; and consistent cohesion between patients, caregivers, and health care professionals (HCPs). In the context of myriad factors that influence blood glucose dynamics for each individual patient (eg, medication, activity, diet, stress, sleep quality, hormones, environment), such coordination of self-management and clinical care is a great challenge, amplified by the routine unavailability of many types of data thought to be useful in diabetes decision-making. While much remains to be understood about the physiology of diabetes and blood glucose dynamics at the level of the individual, recent and emerging medical and consumer technologies are helping the diabetes community to take great strides toward truly personalized, real-time, data-driven management of this chronic disease. This review describes "connected" technologies--such as smartphone apps, and wearable devices and sensors--which comprise part of a new digital ecosystem of data-driven tools that can link patients and their care teams for precision management of diabetes. These connected technologies are rich sources of physiologic, behavioral, and contextual data that can be integrated and analyzed in "the cloud" for research into personal models of glycemic dynamics, and employed in a multitude of applications for mobile health (mHealth) and telemedicine in diabetes care.
Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination (2014)

We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals.
Refugee Claims and Australian Migration Law: A Ministerial Perspectlve (2000)

An attempt is made to set out the context in which the refugee determination system in Australia operates and the international and internal pressures to which the system is subject. The recent tension between the Federal Court on the one hand, and the Parliament and the Executive on the other, could be alleviated to some extent by acknowledging that all three branches of government are aware of the dilemmas inherent in the refugee determination system. The dilemmas arise from the often compelling nature of asylum claims, and the limited capacity for Australia to provide protection.
Reactions of Ni(CO)3 and the heterogeneous oxidation of Ni(CO)4 and Fe(CO)5 (1961)

Abstract It is shown that the oxidation of metal carbonyl complexes can be studied by flash photolysis and kinetic spectroscopy. Reaction was initiated in mixtures of nickel carbonyl, carbon monoxide and oxygen by flash photolysis; from the effect of total pressure on the decomposition, it was concluded that Ni(CO)3 reacts with oxygen without a third-body requirement, the collision efficiency being about 1·5 x 10·3. A slow reaction continued after the flash, due to the heterogeneous grow th of the colloidal particles produced during the flash. A heterogeneous reaction of nickel carbonyl and iron pentacarbonyl with oxygen at room temperature was described. Analysis of the gaseous products gave the following equations of nearest stoichiometry: Ni(CO)4 + O2 → Ni(CO)O + CO2 + 2CO, 2Fe(CO)5 + 3O2 → Fe2O2(CO) + 5CO + 4CO2. These carbonyl oxides belong to a new class of chemical substances. They are stable at room temperature but lose CO on heating in a vacuum .
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Borrelidin (2004)

A convergent synthesis of (−)-borrelidin (1) is reported based on the retrosynthetic disconnections indicated in the picture. Highlights of the strategy include the construction of a strained enynone-containing macrolide and the installation of a cyano group in a regioselective manner by a novel molybdenum-catalyzed hydrostannation of the alkyne.
Molecular Phylogenetics of Multiple Genes on Aspergillus Section Fumigati Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Japan (2007)

A phylogenetic study based on sequence analysis of the β -tubulin, hydrophobin and calmodulin genes was performed in 19 strains of Aspergillus fumigatus and related species isolated from clinical specimens in Japan. Correlations between detailed morphology and phylogeny were examined. Species in the section Fumigati were divided into five clades: clade I, typical strains of A. fumigatus; clade II, species including A. lentulus and A. fumisynnematus; clade III, species including A. fumigatiaffinis and A. novofumigatus, clade IV, atypical strains of A. fumigatus including A. viridinutans; and clade V, species including A. brevipes, A. duricaulis and A. unilateralis. Most of the examined strains from clinical specimens in Japan clustered together in clade I and exhibit globose conidia with lobate-reticulate ornamentation. Other strains from clinical specimens were divided into two clades (clades II and IV) . The strains in clades II and the six strains in clade IV exhibit conidia with microtuberculate ornamentation, while A. viridinutans-complex in clades IV and the strains in clade V have conidia with lobate-reticulate ornamentation. The six strains are clearly distinguished from A. viridinutans-complex and are considered to be related to Neosartorya udagawae. The maximal growth temperatures of clades I, II, IV and V were above 50°C, 45°C, 42°C and 42°C, respectively. These data are useful for classification of species within the Aspergillus section Fumigati.
The Evolutionary Process (second edition). By Verne Grant. Columbia University Press. 1991. 487 pages. Hardback $52.00. ISBN 0 231 07324 0. (1992)

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Adaptive Quantization Parameter Cascading in HEVC Hierarchical Coding (2016)

The state-of-the-art High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard adopts a hierarchical coding structure to improve its coding efficiency. This allows for the quantization parameter cascading (QPC) scheme that assigns quantization parameters (Qps) to different hierarchical layers in order to further improve the rate-distortion (RD) performance. However, only static QPC schemes have been suggested in HEVC test model, which are unable to fully explore the potentials of QPC. In this paper, we propose an adaptive QPC scheme for an HEVC hierarchical structure to code natural video sequences characterized by diversified textures, motions, and encoder configurations. We formulate the adaptive QPC scheme as a non-linear programming problem and solve it in a scientifically sound way with a manageable low computational overhead. The proposed model addresses a generic Qp assignment problem of video coding. Therefore, it also applies to group-of-picture-level, frame-level and coding unit-level Qp assignments. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed QPC scheme is able to adapt quickly to different video contents and coding configurations while achieving noticeable RD performance enhancement over all static and adaptive QPC schemes under comparison as well as HEVC default frame-level rate control. We have also made valuable observations on the distributions of adaptive QPC sets in the videos of different types of contents, which provide useful insights on how to further improve static QPC schemes.
Orientation in Aminations of Substituted Halobenzenes<sup>1</sup> (1956)

The respective orientations of amine and substituent groups resulting from aminations of a number of substituted halobenzenes have been determined qualitatively and correlated with the aid of a previously postulated elimination-addition (“benzyne”) mechanism.
A 23.6-Mb/mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> SRAM in 10-nm FinFET Technology With Pulsed-pMOS TVC and Stepped-WL for Low-Voltage Applications (2018)

A 23.6-Mb/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a 20.4-Mb/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SRAM arrays are manufactured in a 10-nm FinFET CMOS technology, utilizing high-density 0.0312 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and low-voltage 0.0367 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 6T SRAM bitcells. A pulsed-pMOS transient voltage collapse (PP-TVC) write assist circuit is implemented to minimize write energy overhead of the TVC write assist technique, delivering 43% write energy reduction compared to the conventional strong-bias nMOS TVC (SBN-TVC). PP-TVC also achieves up to 50-mV write V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> reduction at 90th percentile, enabling 0.6-V V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> for the low-voltage 6T SRAM cell (LVC). A stepped-wordline (S-WL) technique is implemented to deliver >100-mV reduction in the high-density 6T SRAM cell (HDC) write V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> relative to static WL underdrive (WLUD), while achieving similar read V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> , pulling the HDC V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> within 35 mV of the LVC V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> .
Abscisic Acid- and Stress-Induced Highly Proline-Rich Glycoproteins Regulate Root Growth in Rice (2013)

In the root of rice (Oryza sativa), abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, salinity, or water deficit stress induces the expression of a family of four genes, REPETITIVE PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN (RePRP). These genes encode two subclasses of novel proline-rich glycoproteins with highly repetitive PX₁PX₂ motifs, RePRP1 and RePRP2. RePRP orthologs exist only in monocotyledonous plants, and their functions are virtually unknown. Rice RePRPs are heavily glycosylated with arabinose and glucose on multiple hydroxyproline residues. They are significantly different from arabinogalactan proteins that have glycan chains composed of arabinose and galactose. Transient and stable expressions of RePRP-green fluorescent protein reveal that a fraction of this protein is localized to the plasma membrane. In rice roots, ABA treatment increases RePRP expression preferentially in the elongation zone. Overexpression of RePRP in transgenic rice reduces root cell elongation in the absence of ABA, similar to the effect of ABA on wild-type roots. Conversely, simultaneous knockdown of the expression of RePRP1 and RePRP2 reduces the root sensitivity to ABA, indicating that RePRP proteins play an essential role in ABA/stress regulation of root growth and development. Moreover, rice RePRPs specifically interact with a polysaccharide, arabinogalactan, in a dosage-dependent manner. It is suggested that RePRP1 and RePRP2 are functionally redundant suppressors of root cell expansion and probably act through interactions with cell wall components near the plasma membrane.