gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Targeting Strategy for Enhanced Tumor Tissue Accumulation/Retention and Cellular Internalization (2016)

Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents is an important way to improve the therapeutic index and reduce side effects. To design nanoparticles for targeted delivery, both enhanced tumor tissue accumulation/retention and enhanced cellular internalization should be considered simultaneously. So far, there have been very few nanoparticles with immutable structures that can achieve this goal efficiently. Hierarchical targeting, a novel targeting strategy based on stimuli responsiveness, shows good potential to enhance both tumor tissue accumulation/retention and cellular internalization. Here, the recent design and development of hierarchical targeting nanoplatforms, based on changeable particle sizes, switchable surface charges and activatable surface ligands, will be introduced. In general, the targeting moieties in these nanoplatforms are not activated during blood circulation for efficient tumor tissue accumulation, but re-activated by certain internal or external stimuli in the tumor microenvironment for enhanced cellular internalization.
Random square-triangle tilings: A model for twelvefold-symmetric quasicrystals (1993)

Random tilings that comprise squares and equilateral triangles can model quasicrystals with twelvefold symmetry. A (phason) elastic theory for such tilings is constructed, whose order parameter is the phason field, and whose entropy density includes terms up to third order in the phason strain. Due to an unusual constraint, the phason field of any square-triangle tiling is irrotational and, as a result, the form of the entropy density is simpler than the general form that is required by twelvefold symmetry alone. Using an update move, which rearranges a closed, nonlocal, one-dimensional chain of squares and triangles, the unknown parameters of the elastic theory are estimated via Monte Carlo simulations: (i) One of the two second-order elastic constants and the third-order elastic constant are found by measuring phason fluctuations; athermal systems (maximally random ensembles) with the same background phason strain but different sizes of unit cell are simulated to distinguish the effects of a finite background phason strain from the effects of finite unit-cell size. (ii) The entropy per unit area at zero phason strain and the other second-order elastic constant are found from the entropies that thermal systems (canonical ensembles) gain between zero and infinite temperature, which are estimated using Ferrenberg and Swendsen's histogram method. A way to set up transfer-matrix calculations for random square-triangle tilings is also presented.
Green tea polyphenol targets the mitochondria in tumor cells inducing caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. (2003)

Induction of apoptosis by green tea polyphenols has been observed in various tumor cell systems, but whether green tea polyphenol-induced apoptosis requires caspase 3 for execution has not been confirmed. We previously reported that green tea polyphenol-induced apoptosis involved Apaf-1 accumulation and caspase 3 activation in the cytosol. In the current study, tumor cells either with deleted caspase 3 gene or expressing wild-type caspase 3 were treated with increasing concentrations of green tea polyphenol(s), followed by morphological analysis and caspase 3 activity assay. The caspase 3 null parental cell line was further examined in comparison with a well-characterized, caspase 3 wild type oral carcinoma cell line by MTT assay and BrdU incorporation assay. The results demonstrated that, while the mitochondrial function gradually declined to insignificant levels, caspase 3 null cells did not undergo apoptosis, which suggested that green tea polyphenol-induced apoptosis is a mitochondria-targeted, caspase 3-executed mechanism.
Detection of significant patterns by compression algorithms: the case of approximate tandem repeats in DNA sequences (1997)

We present a compression algorithm that tests the presence of a particular type of dosDNA (defined ordered sequence-DNA): approximate tandem repeats of small motifs (i.e. of lengths < 4). This algorithm has been experimented with on four yeast chromosomes. The presence of approximate tandem repeats seems to be a uniform structural property of yeast chromosomes.
A Pull-in Operation Mode Accelerometer (2006)

In this paper an accelerometer, which measures the pull-in time to obtain the acceleration is presented. As the pull-in time is a semi digital signal, the output of the device can be measured with a full digital circuit. No analogue readout circuit is required. The sensitivity and nonlinearity are comparable with the differential capacitive sensing devices. The accelerometer has been fabricated by surface micromachining using Al as the mechanical layer and phosphosilicate glass as the sacrificial layer. The initial measurements have been performed.
Increased sensitivity of bacterial detection in cerebrospinal fluid by fluorescent staining on low-fluorescence membrane filters (2005)

A membrane-filter-based, fluorescent Gram stain method for bacterial detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples was developed and evaluated as a rapid, sensitive alternative to standard Gram stain protocols. A recently developed, modified version of the aluminium oxide membrane Anopore with low-fluorescence optical properties showed superior performance in this application. Other aspects of the fluorescent Gram stain system that were evaluated include membrane filter selection, strategies to reduce fluorescence fading and the effect of patient blood cells on bacterial detection in the fluorescently stained cerebrospinal fluid samples. The combination of the membrane filter's bacteria-concentrating ability and absolute retention along with high-contrast, fluorescent Gram discriminating dyes enabled rapid bacterial detection and Gram discrimination, with a 1-1.5 order of magnitude increase in the bacterial concentration limit of detection.
Measurement of profiles along a circle on two flat surfaces by use of a Fizeau interferometer with no standard (2003)

A method for measuring profiles along a circle on a flat surface with no standard is described. For the measurement, two unknown surfaces are placed almost parallel, and the distance between them is measured many times along a circle by rotation of one of the surfaces. Profiles of the two surfaces can be determined from the distance data. In this study the measuring method is explained: The space between two surfaces measured with a Fizeau interferometer. Four measuring experiments are carried out for determining the profile of a precision-grade half-mirror; in each experiment a different ordinary mirror with unknown profile is used as the second mirror. Profiles of the precise mirrors obtained by these experiments agree closely, with deviations of approximately 2 nm. A similar experiment with many concentric circles was carried out with a precise half-mirror and another precise mirror. Although the profiles of many concentric circles were independent of one another, the result shows that the high-frequency component of a whole plane can be estimated.
Design and control of a novel thermo-tactile multimodal display (2014)

This paper describes the design and control of a water-based multimodal haptic display. The system is able to provide temperature and pressure (pulse) cues through a finger-sized display. Temperature feedback is obtained by mixing hot and cold water stored in two water tanks. The heating and cooling of the water is performed with a Peltier whose two surfaces are used, thus increasing the energetic efficiency of the system. Mixing the hot and cold water allows for very rapid temperature changes essential in applications such as object discrimination. The device can provide cooling rates sufficient to mimic the contact with any object found in our daily lives. Tactile (pulse) feedback is achieved by closing the circuit with a valve while building up the pressure with the pump. Results show that temperature is controlled with a precision of ±1°C in the range of 20°C to 40°C while simultaneously generating sensible pulses. In addition, this display is MRI-compatible as it is remotely actuated using water. These characteristics make the system suitable for psychophysics experiments, which are considered to be one of the goals and the next logic step of this work.
Status boards in accident & emergency departments: support for shared cognition (2007)

The objective of the study was to identify the cognitive properties of manual status boards that make them useful to staff in Accident and Emergency Departments (A & E). Naturalistic observations and semi-structured interviews with A & E staff were used. Status boards are the central coordinating artefacts in A & Es. They are densely encoded in idiosyncratic but locally meaningful ways. Because they have been developed by users and have no externally mandated standards, they provide insight into the theories of work held by the workers themselves, in contrast to the theories that might be held by managers or designers. The study of user-developed artefacts is a useful method for gaining insights into a complex field of practice that might otherwise by obscure. Efforts to standardize or computerize such artefacts offer some benefits, but also risk losing latent properties that might be important to safe or efficient working.
Image interpolation with self-training using wavelet transform and neural network (2008)

Interpolation plays an important role in static images and video sequences analysis. High resolution provides important information about still images or video sequences. In this paper, a novel method that combines the wavelet transform and neural network is proposed for image interpolation. Haar wavelet transform and multilayers perceptron are applied. In order to evaluate the image quality, PSNR and a new image quality are both computed for the interpolated images. From the experimental results of testing five images, the proposed method may produce a better image quality of interpolated images than those for the other two traditional methods such as bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation.
Collar Rot of Rice in Manipur (1991)

This article 'Collar Rot of Rice in Manipur' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Quantifying The Relevance Of Locally Extracted Information For Musical Instrument Recognition From Entire Pieces Of Music. (2011)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
The effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on methotrexate (MTX) pharmacokinetics: impairment of renal clearance of MTX at weekly maintenance doses but not at 7.5 mg. (1995)

NSAID produce significant decreases in renal clearance of MTX and creatinine when patients consume their usual weekly dose of the drug, but not when they take a 7.5 mg dose. This effect is likely to achieve clinical relevance across the dose ranges used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Confocal Imaging of Thermal Lensing Induced by Near-IR Laser Radiation in an Artificial Eye (2010)

A custom confocal imaging system was built and used to record a probe beam's spatiotemporal response to a thermal lens induced by a near-IR laser radiation source in a water-filled artificial eye. The IR laser radiation input power levels were varied between 150 and 890 mW at wavelengths of 1110, 1130, 1150 and 1318 nm in order to determine the strength of the resulting thermal lens as a function of time, input power, and wavelength. A high-frame-rate camera captured the probe beam's logarithmic excitation and exponential decay caused by the thermal lens (supplemental video data are provided). Data showed that for equivalent input powers and beam geometries, thermal lensing was strongest for the 1150-nm laser radiation wavelength followed by 1130, 1318 and 1110 nm.
Ultrasensitive mass sensing using mode localization in coupled microcantilevers (2006)

We use Anderson or vibration localization in coupled microcantilevers as an extremely sensitive method to detect the added mass of a target analyte. We focus on the resonance frequencies and eigenstates of two nearly identical coupled gold-foil microcantilevers. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the relative changes in the eigenstates due to the added mass can be orders of magnitude greater than the relative changes in resonance frequencies. Moreover this sensing paradigm possesses intrinsic common mode rejection characteristics thus providing an alternate way to achieve ultrasensitive mass detection under ambient conditions.
Interferon-γ–induced apoptotic responses of Fanconi anemia group C hematopoietic progenitor cells involve caspase 8–dependent activation of caspase 3 family members (2000)

Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) from mice nullizygous at the Fanconi anemia (FA) group C locus and children with Fanconi anemia group C (FA-C) are hypersensitive to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This hypersensitivity results, in part, from the capacity of these cytokines to prime the fas pathway. Because fas-mediated programmed cell death in many cells involves sequential activation of specific caspases, we tested the hypothesis that programmed cell death in FA HPC involves the ordered activation of specific caspase molecules. Lysates from lymphoblasts treated with both agonistic anti-fas antibody and IFN-gamma contained activated caspase 3 family members (caspases 3, 6, and 7), as well as caspase 8, whereas activation of caspases 1, 2, 4, 9, and 10 was not detected. The apoptotic effects of fas agonists in IFN-gamma-treated human and murine FA-C cells were blocked when pretreated with inhibitors (ac-DEVD-cho, CP-DEVD-cho, Z-DEVD-FMK) of the caspase 3 protease. Inhibitors (ac-YVAD-cho, CP-YVAD-cho, Z-YVAD-FMK) of caspase 1 did not block apoptosis or caspase 3 activation. Treatment of FA cells with the fluoromethyl ketone tetrapeptide caspase 8 inhibitor (ac-IETD-FMK) did suppress caspase 3 activation. A 4-fold greater fraction of IFN-induced FA-C cells expressed caspase 3 than FA-C cells complemented by retroviral-mediated transfer of FANCC. Therefore fas-induced apoptosis in Fanconi anemia cells of the C type involves the activation of caspase 8, which controls activation of caspase 3 family members and one direct or indirect function of the FANCC protein is to suppress apoptotic responses to IFN-gamma upstream of caspase 3 activation. (Blood. 2000;96:4204-4211)
Dilute Solution Properties of Monodisperse Poly(α-methyl styrene). I. Sedimentation Coefficient in Theta Solvent (1968)

Abstract The sedimentation behavior of anionically polymerized poly (α-methyl styrene) has been studied as a function of molecular weight, concentration and speed of centrifugation under the theta condition of solvent and temperature, i. e., in cyclohexane at 39°C. Analysis of the data was made by use of Fujita’s equation for the pressure- and concentration-dependent sedimentation. It was found that the sedimentation coefficient at zero concentration and one atmosphere was given as s00=2.00×10−15 M1⁄2 sec, where M is molecular weight. The concentration dependence coefficient k and the pressure dependence coefficient p appearing in the Fujita equation were obtained as k=6.2×10−4 M1⁄2 dl/g, and μ=1.6×10−9 cm2/dyne, respectively. The intrinsic viscosity in the theta solvent was also determined as [η]θ=7.60×10−4 M1⁄2 dl/g.
Potentiation of arsenic neurotoxicity by folate deprivation: Protective role of<i>S</i>-adenosyl methionine (2007)

Folate deficiency contributes to a variety of age-related neurological and psychological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The environmental neurotoxin arsenic has recently been linked with decreased neurofilament (NF) content in peripheral nerve. We examined herein, whether or not folate deprivation potentiated the impact of arsenic on NF dynamics. Arsenic inhibited translocation of NFs into axonal neurites in culture and increased perikaryal NF phosphoepitopes. Folate deprivation potentiated the impact of arsenic on these phenomena. Supplementation with S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) attenuated the impact of folate deprivation on arsenic neurotoxicity, consistent with the decrease in SAM following folate deprivation and the requirement for SAM-mediated methylation for arsenic bioelimination. These findings demonstrate how key nutritional deficiencies can potentiate the impact of enrivonmental neurotoxins.
Efficient Thermal Placement of Standard Cells in 3D ICs using a Force Directed Approach (2003)

As the technology node progresses, thermal problems are becoming more prominent especially in the developing technology of three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits. The thermal placement method presented in this paper uses an iterative force-directed approach in which thermal forces direct cells away from areas of high temperature. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to calculate temperatures efficiently during each iteration. Benchmark circuits produce thermal placements with both lower temperatures and thermal gradients while wirelength is minimally affected.
Influence of mouse strain and vaccine viability on T-cell responses induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (1995)

C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were vaccinated with either live or heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) organisms, and splenic T cells were used to screen the stimulatory potential of fractionated somatic and secreted mycobacterial proteins by production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Maximum responses were obtained with fractionated secreted proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There was no single dominant antigen, but five regions of mycobacterial proteins induced high concentrations of IFN-gamma. However, only two of the five regions stimulated T cells from both mouse strains: two were exclusively recognized by T cells from BALB/c mice, and one was exclusively recognized by T cells from C57BL/6 mice. T cells from mice vaccinated with heat-killed M. bovis BCG organisms failed to respond to fractionated secreted proteins but recognized several somatic antigen fractions. As late as 1 year after primary vaccination, memory T cells responded to similar protein regions, and IFN-gamma production was intensified by secondary infection. Our data confirm a central role for secreted proteins in immunity to mycobacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate that a major set of mycobacterium-reactive T cells is stimulated only by vaccination with live but not with heat-killed M. bovis BCG organisms. Because a major impact of genetic host factors on antigen recognition was observed, we favor the use of live carrier organisms which secrete mycobacterial proteins over subunit vaccines as an improved antituberculosis vaccine.
Solution-processed titanium carbide MXene films examined as highly transparent conductors (2016)

MXenes, a new family of two-dimensional structures, have recently gained significant attention due to their unique physical properties suitable for a wide range of potential applications. Here we introduce Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> delaminated monolayers as ultrathin transparent conductors with properties exceeding comparable reduced graphene oxide films. Solution processed Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> films exhibit sheet resistances as low as 437 Ω sq<sup>-1</sup> with 77% transmittance at 550 nm. Field effect transistor measurements confirm that these films have a metallic nature, which makes them suitable as electrodes. We show using Kelvin Probe Atomic Force Microscopy that the work function of delaminated Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> flakes (with OH terminal groups) is 5.28 ± 0.03 eV. These results demonstrate that solution-processed Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> conducting films could open up a new direction for the next generation of transparent conductive electrodes.
Nanotribological Properties of Alkanephosphonic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers on Aluminum Oxide:  Effects of Fluorination and Substrate Crystallinity (2006)

Two phosphonic acid (PA) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are studied on three aluminum oxide surfaces: the C and R crystallographic planes of single crystal alpha-alumina (sapphire) and an amorphous vapor-deposited alumina thin film. SAMs are either fully hydrogenated CH3(CH2)17PO3H2 or semifluorinated CF3(CF2)7(CH2)11PO3H2. Atomic force microscope (AFM) topographic imaging reveals that the deposited films are homogeneous, atomically smooth, and stable for months in the laboratory environment. Static and advancing contact angle measurements agree with previous work on identical or similar films, but receding measurements suggest reduced coverage here. To enable reproducible nanotribology measurements with the AFM, a scanning protocol is developed that leads to a stable configuration of the silicon tip. Adhesion for the semifluorinated films is either comparable to or lower than that for the hydrogenated films, with a dependence on contact history observed. Friction between each film and the tips depends strongly upon the type of molecule, with the fluorinated species exhibiting substantially higher friction. Subtle but reproducible differences in friction are observed for a given SAM depending on the substrate, revealing differences in packing density for the SAMs on the different substrates. Friction is seen to increase linearly with load, a consequence of the tip's penetration into the monolayer.
DRF 3188 a novel semi-synthetic analog of andrographolide: cellular response to MCF 7 breast cancer cells (2004)

The results show that the novel semi-synthetic analog, DRF3188, and andrographolide bring about the anti cancer activity by a similar mechanism.
Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Starch (2000)

Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) was obtained under heterogeneous conditions as a product of the reaction of starch and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The influence of the composition of the reaction mixture, the reaction time and temperature and the type of starch being carboxymethylated on the degree of substitution, DS, and limiting viscosity number, [η], was studied. The reaction temperature influenced the DS values, the highest values of the DS being obtained when the carboxymethylation was performed at 58 °C. Increase of the molar ratio of NaOH to anhydroglycose units leads to an increase in DS, but only to certain extent. The values of the DS and [η] of CMS increased almost linearly with increasing MCA amount in the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture changes caused by adding water to ethanol influenced the DS values of the obtained CMS samples, the maximum DS value being obtained for CMS sample synthesized in ethanol with 25% (v/v) water.
Serum complement determinations in patients with quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus. (1996)

In this group of patients with inactive SLE, complement component analyses did not generally correlate with longterm outcome; however, multiple low complement component determinations during disease quiescence was associated with increased risk of renal insufficiency.