gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: a comparative review. (2004)

Cost-effectiveness analysis requires information on an intervention's effectiveness and country-specific sources of epidemiological and resource utilization data, most of which are not yet available in Taiwan. Despite the limitations, CEA is essential if a healthcare system would like to contain costs while maintaining, or improving, quality of care.
Compiler optimizations for processors with SIMD instructions (2006)

Abstract To achieve maximum efficiency, modern embedded processors for media applications exploit single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions. SIMD instructions provide a form of vectorization where a large machine word is viewed as a vector of subwords and the same operation is performed on all subwords in parallel. Systematic usage of SIMD instructions can significantly improve program performance. With C becoming the dominant language for programming embedded devices, there is a clear need for C compilers that use SIMD instructions whenever appropriate. However, SIMD instructions typically require each memory access to be aligned with the instruction's data access size. Therefore an important problem in designing the compiler is to determine whether a C pointer is aligned, i.e. whether it refers to the beginning of a machine word. In this paper, we describe our SIMD generation algorithm and present an analysis method which determines the alignment of pointers at compile time. The alignment information is used to reduce the number of dynamic alignment checks and the overhead incurred by them. Our method uses an interprocedural analysis which propagates pointer alignment information in function bodies and through function calls. The effectiveness of our method is supported by experimental results which show that in typical programs the alignments of about 50% of the pointers can be statically determined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gymnema Sylvestre (Gurmar): A Review (2010)

Gymnema Sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a herb distributed throughout the world. The leaves of the plant are widely used for the treatment of diabetes and as a diuretic in Indian proprietary medicines. Gymnemic acid is the main active chemical constituent isolated from the Gymnema Sylvestre plant. The plant is documented to possess beneficial effects as digestive, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hypoglycemic and antihelmentic. It is believed to be used in dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice, haemorrhoids, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis and leucoderma. A scrutiny of literature revealed some notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as antidiabetic, antiobesity, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory. The present review is an attempt to highlight the various ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as phytochemical and pharmacological reports on G. sylvestre.
GeoFeed: A Location Aware News Feed System (2012)

This paper presents the Geo Feed system, a location-aware news feed system that provides a new platform for its users to get spatially related message updates from either their friends or favorite news sources. Geo Feed distinguishes itself from all existing news feed systems in that it takes into account the spatial extents of messages and user locations when deciding upon the selected news feed. Geo Feed is equipped with three different approaches for delivering the news feed to its users, namely, spatial pull, spatial push, and shared push. Then, the main challenge of Geo Feed is to decide on when to use each of these three approaches to which users. Geo Feed is equipped with a smart decision model that decides about using these approaches in a way that: (a) minimizes the system overhead for delivering the location-aware news feed, and (b) guarantees a certain response time for each user to obtain the requested location-aware news feed. Experimental results, based on real and synthetic data, show that Geo Feed outperforms existing news feed systems in terms of response time and maintenance cost.
Noninvasive differential diagnosis of dental periapical lesions in cone‐beam CT scans (2015)

Experimental results of the authors show that the proposed CAD system behaves in clearer agreement with the CBCT ground-truth than with histopathology, supporting the Simon's conjecture that CBCT diagnosis can be as accurate as histopathology for differentiating the periapical lesions.
Macrolide Resistance from the Ribosome Perspective (2004)

Macrolides are important antibiotics used in treatment of respiratory tract infections in humans. Although some of these compounds have been in use for 50 years, it has not been until the last few years that their mechanism of action and the nature of ribosomal-based resistance could be more fully understood. With the advent of robust crystals of ribosomal 50S subunits, and structural resolution of macrolides and ketolides complexed to either Haloarcula marismortui or Deinococcus radiodurans 50S, the ability to dissect the binding modes and understand resistance at the level of the ribosome became possible. This review article compares the binding features of 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides to that of ketolides telithromycin and ABT-773 as revealed at the atomistic level. Attempts to understand how modifications to 23S rRNA and/or mutations in ribosomal proteins L4 and L22 that have been found to confer resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae are told from the perspective of the ribosome.
Adaptive allocation of CDMA resources for network-level QoS assurances (2000)

In a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, multiple mobile hosts (MHs) can simultaneously transmit over the wireless channel by using different codes. To assure an acceptable quality of service for all users' flows, the network usually tunes the transmit powers of all MHs to achieve a certain level of signal strength as compared to the noise and the interference (SINR) for each user. The traditional assumption in power control schemes is that the SINR requirement is statically determined for each user flow.
Toxicity Studies of So-Called “Inert” Materials With the Rice Weevil and the Granary Weevil* (1939)

Journal Article Toxicity Studies of So-Called "Inert" Materials With the Rice Weevil and the Granary Weevil Get access Shin Foon Chiu Shin Foon Chiu Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 32, Issue 6, 1 December 1939, Pages 810–821, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/32.6.810 Published: 01 December 1939
Gastric-resistant isoniazid pellets reduced degradation of rifampicin in acidic medium (2014)

Isoniazid and rifampicin are considered the first-line medication for preventing and treating tuberculosis. Rifampicin is degraded in the stomach acidic environment, especially when combined with isoniazid, factor contributing to treatment failure. In this study, gastric-resistant isoniazid pellets were obtained to physical contact of this drug with rifampicin and to bypass the stomach´s acidic environment. The pellets were fabricated using the extrusion-spheronization technique. The coating process was conducted in a fluid spray coater using Acrycoat L 100(r) solution as the coating agent. The pellets obtained were submitted to a dissolution test in HCl 0.1 N and phosphate buffer media. The results indicated that optimum gastric-resistance was only attained with the highest amount of coating material, with isoniazid almost fully released in phosphate buffer. The amount of rifampicin released from its mixture with non-coated isoniazid pellets in HCl 0.1 N was less than that released from its mixture with the enteric-coated pellets. Acrycoat L 100(r) was shown to be an effective enteric/gastric-resistant coating since the stability of rifampicin appeared to be enhanced when physical contact of this drug with isoniazid was prevented at low pH.
GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well infrared detector arrays using etched gratings (1989)

Efficient coupling of long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation to a two-dimensional (2-D) array of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well detectors is achieved by illumination through chemically etched diffraction gratings. Gratings were fabricated on the back surface of the GaAs substrate as well as selectively on the top contact of the detector mesas. Both top and bottom illumination schemes were employed. In all cases, high coupling efficiency (&gt;90%) of the gratings was observed as measured by comparing the responsivity to that of an identical detector illuminated through an angle-polished facet. The results demonstrate the feasibility of high-sensitivity GaAs LWIR imagers.
Electrodeposition of a Biopolymeric Hydrogel: Potential for One-Step Protein Electroaddressing (2012)

The electrodeposition of hydrogels provides a programmable means to assemble soft matter for various technological applications. We report an anodic method to deposit hydrogel films of the aminopolysaccharide chitosan. Evidence suggests the deposition mechanism involves the electrolysis of chloride to generate reactive chlorine species (e.g., HOCl) that partially oxidize chitosan to generate aldehydes that can couple covalently with amines (presumably through Schiff base linkages). Chitosan's anodic deposition is controllable spatially and temporally. Consistent with a covalent cross-linking mechanism, the deposited chitosan undergoes repeated swelling/deswelling in response to pH changes. Consistent with a covalent conjugation mechanism, proteins could be codeposited and retained within the chitosan film even after detergent washing. As a proof-of-concept, we electroaddressed glucose oxidase to a side-wall electrode of a microfabricated fluidic channel and demonstrated this enzyme could perform electrochemical biosensing functions. Thus, anodic chitosan deposition provides a reagentless, single-step method to electroaddress a stimuli-responsive and biofunctionalized hydrogel film.
An Efficient AC–DC Step-Up Converter for Low-Voltage Energy Harvesting (2010)

The conventional two-stage power converters with bridge rectifiers are inefficient and may not be practical for the low-voltage microgenerators. This paper presents an efficient ac-to-dc power converter that avoids the bridge rectification and directly converts the low AC input voltage to the required high dc output voltage at a higher efficiency. The proposed converter consists of a boost converter in parallel with a buck-boost converter, which are operated in the positive half cycle and negative half cycle, respectively. Detailed analysis of the converter is carried out to obtain relations between the power, circuit parameters, and duty cycle of the converter. Based on the analysis, control schemes are proposed to operate the converter. Design guidelines are presented for selecting the converter component and control parameters. A self-starting circuit is proposed for independent operation of the converter. Detailed loss calculation of the converter is carried out. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed converter topology and control schemes.
Resonantly enhanced refractive index without absorption via atomic coherence (1992)

An enhancement of the index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption is shown to be possible in an ensemble of phase-coherent atoms (``phaseonium''). A survey of various possible schemes in which coherence is established by certain coherent or incoherent methods is given, and the main results are compared and contrasted. In particular, the influence of processes such as Doppler broadening that degrade coherence is discussed.
Claudin 18.2 expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma and its potential impact on future treatment strategies (2020)

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has rapidly increased, particularly in the Western world. Despite improvements in perioperative treatments, the overall survival of patients remains low. Claudin 18.2 is a tight junction protein that is exclusively expressed in the gastric epithelia. However, following malignant transformation, gastric cancer metastases maintain this expression. Therefore, claudin 18.2 is a promising target for immunotherapy. Previous clinical trials have revealed improved anti-tumor activity in patients treated with an anti-claudin antibody by investigating the expression of claudin 18.2 in tumor cells. However, there is currently very limited data on the importance of claudin 18.2 expression in EAC. The present study analyzed the distribution of claudin 18.2 using immunohistochemistry in 485 patients with EAC, including their lymph node metastases. Additionally, these results were associated with clinical and molecular data. Claudin 18.2 was detected in 89/485 patients (18.4%). No correlations between expression and clinicopathological data (sex, age, pT stage, lymph node metastasis and grading) were observed. However, significantly decreased claudin 18.2 expression was observed in tumor types with upregulated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression (P=0.036). Additionally, neoadjuvant treatment did not have any significant impact on claudin 18.2 expression (P=0.331). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the largest systematic investigation of claudin 18.2 protein expression in EAC. The results obtained suggested that claudin 18.2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in a substantial number of patients with EAC.
Links between rhinitis and asthma (2003)

There is compelling evidence of a close relationship between the upper and lower airways in asthma and rhinitis. Rhinitis is present in the majority of patients with asthma, and a significant minority of patients with rhinitis have concomitant asthma. Similarities between the two conditions occur in the nature of the inflammation present in the target tissues. A common initiating step in the inflammatory process of allergic airways disease is the presence of immunoglobulin E providing an adaptor molecule between the offending allergen and inflammatory cell activation and mediator release. Differences in the two conditions arise largely from the structural differences between the nose and the lungs. In an asthmatic, concomitant allergic rhinitis increases healthcare costs and further impairs quality of life. The presence of rhinitis should always be investigated in children and young adults with asthma. Subjects with allergic rhinitis have an increased risk of developing asthma and may form a suitable population for secondary intervention to interrupt the 'allergic march'.
All1371 is a polyphosphate-dependent glucokinase in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (2014)

The polyphosphate glucokinases can phosphorylate glucose to glucose 6-phosphate using polyphosphate as the substrate. ORF all1371 encodes a putative polyphosphate glucokinase in the filamentous heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Here, ORF all1371 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and its purified product was characterized. Enzyme activity assays revealed that All1371 is an active polyphosphate glucokinase that can phosphorylate both glucose and mannose in the presence of divalent cations in vitro. Unlike many other polyphosphate glucokinases, for which nucleoside triphosphates (e.g. ATP or GTP) act as phosphoryl group donors, All1371 required polyphosphate to confer its enzymic activity. The enzymic reaction catalysed by All1371 followed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with kcat = 48.2 s(-1) at pH 7.5 and 28 °C and KM = 1.76 µM and 0.118 mM for polyphosphate and glucose, respectively. Its reaction mechanism was identified as a particular multi-substrate mechanism called the 'bi-bi ping-pong mechanism'. Bioinformatic analyses revealed numerous polyphosphate-dependent glucokinases in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. Viability of an Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 mutant strain lacking all1371 was impaired under nitrogen-fixing conditions. GFP promoter studies indicate expression of all1371 under combined nitrogen deprivation. All1371 might play a substantial role in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 under these conditions.
Fast Motion Estimation Algorithm and Design for Real Time QFHD High Efficiency Video Coding (2015)

Motion estimation (ME) in the latest High Efficiency Video Coding standard adopts the quadtree coding structure and up to a 64 × 64 prediction unit (PU) size to improve the coding gain. However, these techniques also have serious design problems regarding the complexity, data dependency, external memory bandwidth, and on-chip buffer size compared with previous standards, especially for real-time ultrahigh-definition video coding. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an efficient ME design with a joint algorithm and architecture optimization. To reduce complexity, we propose a predictive integer ME (IME) algorithm that selects the most probable search directions and steps through a statistical analysis to reduce the number of search points by 90.5%. We also employ a PU size-dependent fractional ME (FME) algorithm to reduce the interpolation filtering by 62.4% compared with the reference software. To resolve the corresponding dependency, we cascade the IME and FME computations via interlaced scheduling and propose an early motion vector prediction candidate approach. We use this scheduling with a 16 × 16 processing unit to compute the partial matching cost of all PUs with the same 16 × 16 current block in an interlaced order and share their common reference block to reduce the on-chip buffer size and off-chip memory bandwidth. The bandwidth is further reduced by a cache with double Z scan indexed addressing to simplify the cache controller. Implementation with a Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 90-nm CMOS process supports the real-time encoding of 4 K × 2 K at 60 frames/s operated at 270 MHz with 778.7k logic gates and 17.4 KB of on-chip memory.
Design of an Isotopic CT Scanner for Two Phase Flow Measurements (1980)

A feasibility study including parametric analysis, bubbly flow experimentation and preliminary hardware design has been completed for an isotopic CT scanner to interrogate two phase flows. The study results indicate a high speed fan beam scanner is feasible for measuring two phase flows under transient conditions by performing sequential scans. The major tradeoffs of this device compared to medical scanners are spatial resolution (1.15 cm), density resolution (3%), and source type (Cesium-137).
Power Sources for Ultra Low Power Electronics (2000)

DARPA asked JASON to examine the issue of power sources for low power electronics with a specific emphasis on the properties of nuclear batteries and integrated power sources combining power and electronics. During the 1998 Summer Study a workshop was held to provide background for the study, with participants listed in Appendix A. These people told us about topics including glucose fuel cells (Heller, Palmore), thin film Li batteries, solar cells, and supercapacitors (Bates, Lanning, and Kaschmitter), piezoelectrics and thermoelectrics (Hagood and Lyon), and nuclear batteries (Aselage and Emin). This report discusses the conclusions of our summer study.
The effect of segmentation mismatch on quality of continuous media transmission by Bluetooth (2003)

This paper examines the effect of segmentation mismatch on audio-video transmission by Bluetooth. We focus on the segmentation mismatch caused by the difference between the RFCOMM maximum frame size and the baseband packet payload size. By experiment, we assessed the maximum throughput and media synchronization quality for various types of ACL packets. In the experiment, a media server transferred stored video and audio streams to a single terminal with point-to-point communication; we supposed no fading environment and added white noise by which interference from DSSS systems is modeled. The experiment showed that the effect of segmentation mismatch is large especially when the total bit rate of the two streams is near the channel transmission rate. We also observed that the media synchronization control is effective in compensating for the disturbance by the segmentation mismatch in noisy environments.
External imaging of human atherosclerosis. (1983)

Autologous plasma low-density lipoproteins labeled with I-125 were used as a tracer to identify atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries of the neck. Following intravenous injection of I-125-LDL, images were made at intervals from 6 to 36 hr with the gamma camera in three patients with known carotid disease and one control subject. The carotid lesions, confirmed by angiography, were imaged successfully in all three patients, whereas no focal LDL accumulation was visible in the carotid arteries of the control subject. The findings suggest that it may be possible to image atherosclerosis externally and thus to follow the course of the disease.
Quasistatic capacitance-voltage characteristics of plane-parallel structures: Metal/semi-insulator/metal (2000)

Quasistatic capacitance-voltage characteristics of plane-parallel structures of the semi-insulating GaAs with two metal contacts are calculated numerically. The model of residual shallow acceptors compensated for by an excess of deep donors is used for the semi-insulating GaAs. Under consideration is the relaxation regime for the charge transport in the semi-insulator. We analyze metal/semi-insulator/metal structures for various parameters of the metal contacts and of the semi-insulator. It is shown that a negative capacitance can be obtained in some cases. A more detailed analysis is performed for the following structure: p-type like metal contact/n-type semi-insulator/n-type like metal contact.
Inborn errors of urea synthesis (1994)

Inborn errors of urea synthesis can present in the newborn period as a catastrophic illness or later in childhood or adulthood with an indolent course punctuated by hyperammonemic episodes. Because symptoms mimic other neuropsychiatric disorders, it is common for there to be a delay in diagnosis, often with dire consequences. Diagnosis relies on the combination of clinical suspicion and the measurement of ammonium, lactate, and amino acids in plasma and organic acids and orotic acid in urine. Treatment involves nitrogen restriction combined with the stimulation of alternate pathways of waste nitrogen excretion. More recently liver transplantation has been performed as enzyme replacement therapy. The outcome is poor in children who survive prolonged neonatal hyperammonemic coma, with most manifesting developmental disabilities. The etiology of neuronal injury in this disorder is unclear but may involve some combination of ammonia/amino acid accumulation, neurotransmitter alterations, and excitotoxic injury. Gene therapy holds the promise of improved treatment in the future.
Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration (2001)

Abstract Kirchhoff migration is the most popular method of three-dimensional prestack depth migration because of its flexibility and efficiency. Its effectiveness can become limited, however, when complex velocity structure causes multipathing of seismic energy. An alternative is Gaussian beam migration, which is an extension of Kirchhoff migration that overcomes many of the problems caused by multipathing. Unlike first-arrival and most-energetic-arrival methods, which retain only one traveltime, this alternative method retains most arrivals by the superposition of Gaussian beams. This paper presents a prestack Gaussian beam migration method that operates on common-offset gathers. The method is efficient because the computation of beam superposition isolates summations that do not depend on the seismic data and evaluates these integrals by considering their saddle points. Gaussian beam migration of the two-dimensional Marmousi test data set demonstrates the method's effectiveness for structural imaging in a case where there is multipathing of seismic energy.