gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoclast Response to Low Extracellular Sodium and the Mechanism of Hyponatremia-induced Bone Loss (2010)

Our recent animal and human studies revealed that chronic hyponatremia is a previously unrecognized cause of osteoporosis that is associated with increased osteoclast numbers in a rat model of the human disease of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). We used cellular and molecular approaches to demonstrate that sustained low extracellular sodium ion concentrations ([Na(+)]) directly stimulate osteoclastogenesis and resorptive activity and to explore the mechanisms underlying this effect. Assays on murine preosteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells and on primary bone marrow monocytes both indicated that lowering the medium [Na(+)] dose-dependently increased osteoclast formation and resorptive activity. Low [Na(+)], rather than low osmolality, triggered these effects. Chronic reduction of [Na(+)] dose-dependently decreased intracellular calcium without depleting endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores. Moreover, we found that reduction of [Na(+)] dose-dependently decreased cellular uptake of radiolabeled ascorbic acid, and reduction of ascorbic acid in the culture medium mimicked the osteoclastogenic effect of low [Na(+)]. We also detected downstream effects of reduced ascorbic acid uptake, namely evidence of hyponatremia-induced oxidative stress. This was manifested by increased intracellular free oxygen radical accumulation and proportional changes in protein expression and phosphorylation, as indicated by Western blot analysis from cellular extracts and by increased serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in vivo in rats. Our results therefore reveal novel sodium signaling mechanisms in osteoclasts that may serve to mobilize sodium from bone stores during prolonged hyponatremia, thereby leading to a resorptive osteoporosis in patients with SIADH.
A Deep Neural Network for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis in Multivariate Time Series Data (2019)

Nowadays, multivariate time series data are increasingly collected in various real world systems, e.g., power plants, wearable devices, etc. Anomaly detection and diagnosis in multivariate time series refer to identifying abnormal status in certain time steps and pinpointing the root causes. Building such a system, however, is challenging since it not only requires to capture the temporal dependency in each time series, but also need encode the inter-correlations between different pairs of time series. In addition, the system should be robust to noise and provide operators with different levels of anomaly scores based upon the severity of different incidents. Despite the fact that a number of unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms have been developed, few of them can jointly address these challenges. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Scale Convolutional Recurrent Encoder-Decoder (MSCRED), to perform anomaly detection and diagnosis in multivariate time series data. Specifically, MSCRED first constructs multi-scale (resolution) signature matrices to characterize multiple levels of the system statuses in different time steps. Subsequently, given the signature matrices, a convolutional encoder is employed to encode the inter-sensor (time series) correlations and an attention based Convolutional Long-Short Term Memory (ConvLSTM) network is developed to capture the temporal patterns. Finally, based upon the feature maps which encode the inter-sensor correlations and temporal information, a convolutional decoder is used to reconstruct the input signature matrices and the residual signature matrices are further utilized to detect and diagnose anomalies. Extensive empirical studies based on a synthetic dataset and a real power plant dataset demonstrate that MSCRED can outperform state-ofthe-art baseline methods.
Recombinant soluble adenovirus receptor (2023)

Disclosed are isolated polypeptides from human CAR (coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) protein which bind adenovirus. Specifically disclosed are amino acid sequences which corresponds to adenovirus binding domain D1 and the entire extracellular domain of human CAR protein comprising D1 and D2. In other aspects, the disclosure relates to nucleic acid sequences encoding these domains as well as expression vectors which encode the domains and bacterial cells containing such vectors. Also disclosed is an isolated fusion protein comprised of the D1 polypeptide sequence fused to a polypeptide sequence which facilitates folding of D1 into a functional, soluble domain when expressed in bacteria. The functional D1 domain finds application for example in a therapeutic method for treating a patient infected with a virus which binds to D1, and also in a method for identifying an antiviral compound which interferes with viral attachment. Also included is a method for specifically targeting a cell for infection by a virus which binds to D1.
/*icomment (2007)

Commenting source code has long been a common practice in software development. Compared to source code, comments are more direct , descriptive and easy-to-understand . Comments and sourcecode provide relatively redundant and independent information regarding a program's semantic behavior. As software evolves, they can easily grow out-of-sync, indicating two problems: (1) bugs -the source code does not follow the assumptions and requirements specified by correct program comments; (2) bad comments - comments that are inconsistent with correct code, which can confuse and mislead programmers to introduce bugs in subsequent versions. Unfortunately, as most comments are written in natural language, no solution has been proposed to automatically analyze commentsand detect inconsistencies between comments and source code. This paper takes the first step in automatically analyzing commentswritten in natural language to extract implicit program rulesand use these rules to automatically detect inconsistencies between comments and source code, indicating either bugs or bad comments. Our solution, iComment, combines Natural Language Processing(NLP), Machine Learning, Statistics and Program Analysis techniques to achieve these goals. We evaluate iComment on four large code bases: Linux, Mozilla, Wine and Apache. Our experimental results show that iComment automatically extracts 1832 rules from comments with 90.8-100% accuracy and detects 60 comment-code inconsistencies, 33 newbugs and 27 bad comments, in the latest versions of the four programs. Nineteen of them (12 bugs and 7 bad comments) have already been confirmed by the corresponding developers while the others are currently being analyzed by the developers.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS, AND TO METHODS OF STAINING CAPSULES (1905)

By morphological examination and with current cultural methods a clear differentiation cannot always be made between pneumococci and streptococci. The chief differential character usually depended upon is the capsule of the pneumococcus. Well-marked capsules, however, may occur on organisms which have with reason been classified as streptococci. On the other hand, capsules may not he demonstrable on pneumococci by the usual methods, especially when growing on artificial culture media. The usual cultural characters and reactions are at best not diagnostic, and are subject to variations which may render them useless as evidence of specific difference. The experiments recorded in this paper, however, afford some evidence that there are well-marked differences between the metabolic activities of pneumococci and streptococci, which may prove useful in the differentiation of these organisms. These differences in metabolism become apparent when the pneumococci and streptococci are cultivated in an alkaline serum medium, or in a serum medium to which the carbohydrate, inulin, has been added. Pneumococci slowly produce acid in the alkaline serum.
PowerSpy: fine-grained software energy profiling for mobile devices (2005)

Battery power capacity has shown very little growth, especially when compared with the exponential growths of CPU power, memory and disk space. Hence, battery power is frequently the most constraining resource on a mobile device. As a foundation for optimizing application energy usage on mobile devices, it is increasingly important to profile system-wide energy usage in order to accurately determine where the energy is going. Previous work on profiling energy usage has either required external hardware multimeters, provided coarse grain results or required modifications to the operating system or/and profiled application. We present PowerSpy, which tracks and reports the battery energy consumed by the different threads of a monitored application, the operating system, other applications in a multi-threaded environment along with I/O devices. Using PowerSpy, we are able to measure the power consumption of five diverse applications including a Web browser, VRML graphics browser, compiler and video player, all without requiring modification to the application's source code.
Effect of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Hospitalized Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2007)

Patients with CAP who had prior PPV had about a 40% lower rate of mortality or ICU admission compared with those who were not vaccinated. This provides additional support for recommending PPV to those at risk of pneumonia.
Statistical Inference Based on Ranks (Thomas P. Hettmansperger) (1986)

Related DatabasesWeb of Science You must be logged in with an active subscription to view this.Article DataHistoryPublished online: 18 July 2006Publication DataISSN (print): 0036-1445ISSN (online): 1095-7200Publisher: Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsCODEN: siread
Automatic cataloguing and searching for retrospective data by use of OCR text (2001)

This article describes our efforts in supporting information retrieval from OCR degraded text. In particular, we report our approach to an automatic cataloging and searching contest for books in multiple languages. In this contest, 500 books in English, German, French, and Italian published during the 1770s to 1970s are scanned into images and OCRed to digital text. The goal is to use only automatic ways to extract information for sophisticated searching. We adopted the vector space retrieval model, an n-gram indexing method, and a special weighting scheme to tackle this problem. Although the performance by this approach is slightly inferior to the best approach, which is mainly based on regular expression match, one advantage of our approach is that it is less language dependent and less layout sensitive, thus is readily applicable to other languages and document collections. Problems of OCR text retrieval for some Asian languages are also discussed in this article, and solutions are suggested.
The Role of Dairy Foods in Weight Management (2005)

Dietary calcium appears to play a pivotal role in the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity risk. High calcium diets attenuate body fat accumulation and weight gain during periods of over-consumption of an energy-dense diet and to increase fat breakdown and preserve metabolism during caloric restriction, thereby markedly accelerating weight and fat loss. This effect is mediated primarily by circulating calcitriol, which regulates adipocyte intracellular Ca(2+). Studies of human adipocyte metabolism demonstrate a key role for intracellular Ca(2+) in regulating lipid metabolism and triglyceride storage, with increased intracellular Ca(2+) resulting in stimulation of lipogenic gene expression and lipogenesis and suppression of lipolysis, resulting in adipocyte lipid filling and increased adiposity. Moreover, the increased calcitriol produced in response to low calcium diets stimulates adipocyte Ca(2+) influx and, consequently, promotes adiposity, while higher calcium diets inhibit lipogenesis, promote lipolysis, lipid oxidation and thermogenesis and inhibit diet-induced obesity in mice. Notably, dairy sources of calcium exert markedly greater effects in attenuating weight and fat gain and accelerating fat loss. This augmented effect of dairy products versus supplemental calcium has been localized, in part, to the whey fraction of dairy and is likely due to additional bioactive compounds, such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in dairy, as well as the rich concentration of branched chain amino acids, which act synergistically with calcium to attenuate adiposity; however, these compounds do not fully account for the observed effects, as whey has significantly greater bioactivity than found in these compounds. These concepts are confirmed by epidemiological data as well as recent clinical trials which demonstrate that diets which include at least three daily servings of dairy products result in significant reductions in body fat mass in obese humans in the absence of caloric restriction and markedly accelerates the weight and body fat loss secondary to caloric restriction compared to low dairy diets. These data indicate an important role for dairy products in both the ability to maintain a healthy weight and the management of overweight and obesity.
In vivo CD40 ligation can induce T cell-independent antitumor effects that involve macrophages (2006)

We have previously demonstrated T cell-independent antitumor and antimetastatic effects of CD40 ligation that involved natural killer (NK) cells. As CD40 molecules are expressed on the surface of macrophages (Mphi), we hypothesized that Mphi may also serve as antitumor effector cells when activated by CD40 ligation. Progression of subcutaneous NXS2 murine neuroblastomas was delayed significantly by agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD40 mAb) therapy in immunocompetent A/J mice, as well as in T and B cell-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Although NK cells can be activated by anti-CD40 mAb, anti-CD40 mAb treatment also induced a significant antitumor effect in SCID/beige mice in the absence of T and NK effector cells, even when noncytolytic NK cells and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were depleted. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with anti-CD40 mAb resulted in enhanced expression of cytokines and cell surface activation markers, as well as Mphi-mediated tumor inhibition in A/J mice, C57BL/6 mice, and SCID/beige mice, as measured in vitro. A role for Mphi was shown by reduction in the antitumor effect of anti-CD40 mAb when Mphi functions were inhibited in vivo by silica. In addition, activation of peritoneal Mphi by anti-CD40 mAb resulted in survival benefits in mice bearing intraperitoneal tumors. Taken together, our results show that anti-CD40 mAb immunotherapy of mice can inhibit tumor growth in the absence of T cells, NK cells, and PMN through the involvement of activated Mphi.
In vitro detection of AMP-activated protein kinase activity (2008)

AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) plays a central role in maintaining energy homeostasis in cell metabolism.For more than twenty years,researchers have used 32P-labeled SAMS peptide assays to assess AMPK activity in vitro.However,the isotope radiation is dangerous and can cause radioactive contamination of the environment.This paper reports the development of a convenient non-radioactive label for AMPK activity in vitro for daily lab use.The method was used to compare endogenous AMPK activities from different mouse tissues to show the endogenous AMPK activity varies greatly among tissues.The results show that this method can be used for further studies of AMPK enzyme activity and the interactions of proteins with AMPK.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. (1898)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTINORGANIC CHEMISTRY.Henry FayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1898, 20, 12, 1–7Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1898Publication History Published online26 September 2008Published inissue 1 December 1898https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02074a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02074a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Value of Information in the Oil and Gas Industry: Past, Present, and Future (2009)

Summary An important task that petroleum engineers and geoscientists undertake is to produce decision-relevant information. Some of the most important decisions we make concern what type and what quality of information to produce. When decisions are fraught with geologic and market uncertainties, this information gathering may such forms as seismic surveys, core and well test analyses, reservoir simulations, market analyses, and price forecasts—which the industry spends billions of US dollars each year. Yet, considerably less time and resources are expended on assessing the profitability or value of this information. Why is that? This paper addresses how to make value-of-information (VOI) analysis more accessible and useful by discussing its past, present, and future. On the basis of a survey of SPE publications, we provide an overview of the use of VOI in the oil and gas industry, focusing on how the analysis was carried out and for which types of decisions VOI analysis has been performed. We highlight areas in which VOI methods have been used successfully and identify important challenges. We then identify and discuss the possible causes for the limited use of VOI methods and suggest ways to increase the use of this powerful analysis tool.
Continuous lidar observations of aerosols and clouds in Tsukuba, Japan and Jakarta, Indonesia (2003)

To obtain a observational data set which can be used in the climate studies, the authors are conducting observations with ground based lidars. They started lidar observation with a scanning Mie scattering lidar at NIES in Tsukuba in 1979. They have developed the data analysis method which combines the lidar data and the simultaneous aureolemeter data, and obtained profiles of extinction coefficient of aerosols. This method, however, has a limitation, because it requires an assumption on spatial homogeniety of the optical property of aerosols. The observation, consequently, was limited on the clear days. To improve the frequency of the observation they developed a compact Mie scattering lidar which can be continuously operated. They also developed a high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) for quantitative measurement of extinction and backscatter coefficients of aerosols and thin clouds. The authors also started observation with a similar Mie lidar in Jakarta in cooperation with Indonesian Institute of Science in 1997. The compact lidar at NIES is a simple vertically looking Mie scattering lidar. It employs a flashlamp pumped second harmonics Nd:YAG laser as a light source. The receiving telescope has a diameter of 35 cm. Photomultiplier tubes are used in the detection system, and the signals are recorded with analog-to-digital converters. Vertical profiles of scattering ratio are indicated for April 20, 1998. A Kosa event was observed on this day. The Mie lidar in Jakarta is a part of the lidar network system for measurement of air pollution in Jakarta.
Isolation and Activity of<i>N</i>-<i>p</i>-Coumaroyltyramine, an<i>α</i>-Glucosidase Inhibitor in Welsh Onion (<i>Allium fistulosum</i>) (1997)

A phenolic amide, N-p-coumaroyltyramine (1), was isolated as an α-glucosidase inhibitor from methanol extracts of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum). The inhibitory activity of 1 against a yeast enzyme was as high as Ki 8.4 × 10−7 m. From a structure-activity relationship study of 1 and its related compounds, the occurrence of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity required a p-coumaramide structure, with an amide hydrogen and alkyl or aralkyl substituent on the amide part.
A Fast Proximal Point Method for Wasserstein Distance. (2018)

Wasserstein distance plays increasingly important roles in machine learning, stochastic programming and image processing. Major efforts have been under way to address its high computational complexity, some leading to approximate or regularized variations such as Sinkhorn distance. However, as we will demonstrate, several important machine learning applications call for the computation of exact Wasserstein distance, and regularized variations with small regularization parameter will fail due to numerical stability issues or degradate the performance. We address this challenge by developing an Inexact Proximal point method for Optimal Transport (IPOT) with the proximal operator approximately evaluated at each iteration using projections to the probability simplex. We also simplify the architecture for learning generative models based on optimal transport solution, and generalize the idea of IPOT to a new method for computing Wasserstein barycenter. We provide convergence analysis of IPOT and experiments showing our new methods outperform the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.
Pharmacological analysis of the pentagastrin‐tiotidine interaction in the mouse isolated stomach (1985)

The pentagastrin-tiotidine interaction has been analysed, using improved techniques, in the mouse isolated, lumen-perfused, stomach assay. For comparison and quantification of the H2-receptor blocking activity of tiotidine, histamine-tiotidine interactions have also been analysed in the mouse stomach and guinea-pig isolated right atrial preparation. Tiotidine behaved as a competitive antagonist of histamine both in the guinea-pig right atrium (pKB 7.57) and mouse stomach (pKB 6.96). The difference in pKB was attributed to the loss of tiotidine into the gastric secretion. On the stomach assay, pentagastrin concentration-effect curves were significantly flatter with lower maximal responses than those obtained to histamine. In addition the profile of inhibition observed with tiotidine was different in that the pentagastrin curve maxima were depressed with only a small concomitant dextrad shift. A mathematical model has been developed which accounts for the differences in agonist concentration-effect curves and describes in a quantitative manner the expectations for the competitive antagonism of endogenous histamine assumed to be released by pentagastrin. Fitting of the pentagastrin-tiotidine data to this model provided a reasonable goodness-of-fit. The results are discussed in terms of the role of endogenous histamine in gastrin-stimulated acid secretion. We conclude that the results are consistent with the hypothesis that pentagastrin stimulates acid secretion via the release of endogenous histamine under the present experimental conditions.