gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes of Fatty Acids Composition of Lipids by the Change of the Polishing Rate of Rice Grains (1973)

昭和46年産,ニホンバレを精米歩合80, 75, 70および60%の各々に搗精し,それぞれの白米から,ソックスレー抽出器を用い,エーテルで粗脂肪を,さらにTaylor法によって結合脂質を得,それらの構成脂肪酸組成をしらべ,次のような結果を得た. (1) 粗脂肪含量は精米歩合が低くなるにつれて減少するが,結合脂質は精米歩合に関係なく0.6%とほぼ一定であった. (2) 粗脂肪はトリグリセライドが主体であるが,精米歩合が低くなるにつれて,モノグリセライドや遊離脂肪酸の比率が増加した. (3) それらの構成脂肪酸はC16:0, C18:2, C18:1酸が主体であるが,精米歩合が低くなるにつれて飽和酸の全体に占める割合が増加した. (4) これは,量的に多いトリグリセライドにおいて顕著にみられた.一方,結合脂質ではC16:0酸の比率が高く,脂肪酸組成の精米歩合による変化は小さかった.
Optimizing the removal of seismic interference noise (2008)

Perhaps the most important step in the processing of seismic data is the removal of coherent and incoherent noise. According to the ageless signal-processing mantra “rubbish in, rubbish out;” in other words, however sophisticated your imaging algorithm is, if your signal is lost under a sea of noise, then no useful seismic image will be produced. Of course, as suggested by the quotation above, one processor's noise is another processor's signal, so we may possibly want to reformulate noise removal as simply a separation of signals into those desired for the final image and those which do not contribute useful information.
Debunking the Librarian ‘Gene’: Designing Online Information Literacy Instruction for Incoming Library Science Students (2017)

Information workers are not born information fluent. Like other students, incoming library science students enter graduate programs with a broad range of information and technology skills. The aim of this study was to determine if systematically designed online tutorials would be effective in preparing university students with information literacy skills. A needs assessment was conducted to identify what information and technology skills faculty expected of entering library students. A series of 46 online tutorials were used to address the required competencies. Pre-tests were designed to determine whether a particular student needed to complete a given tutorial. Post-tests and proficiency projects were used to determine whether students reached mastery. The results of the study indicated that this type of individualized instruction was effective in preparing library science students with information literacy skills. While the study focused on the library science program, the results may have applications for other types of information literacy instruction. There is a need to expand this individualized, self-paced tutorial approach to other information literacy courses in other disciplines.
Apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing in the rat liver. Modulation by fasting and refeeding a high carbohydrate diet. (1990)

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA is modified by a posttranscriptional editing reaction in which a single base (C to U) change in apoB100 mRNA modifies a glutamine (CAA) to a translational stop codon (UAA), producing apoB48 mRNA in mammalian intestine. Rat liver normally contains both edited and unedited apoB mRNAs and previous work (Davidson, N. O., Powell, L. M., Wallis, S. C., and Scott, J. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 13482-13485) has demonstrated that the introduction of a translational stop codon can be modulated by thyroid hormone. In the current study, hepatic lipogenesis was modulated in vivo by fasting and refeeding a high carbohydrate diet, a maneuver which produced a 30-fold increase in hepatic triglyceride content. In this setting, hepatic apoB100 synthesis became undetectable in animals subjected to 48 h fasting and subsequently refed a high carbohydrate diet for either 24 or 48 h. This change was accountable for by an increase in the proportion of edited apoB mRNA, as determined by primer extension analysis, from 37% UAA in fasted animals to 79 and 91% UAA at 24 and 48 h of refeeding, respectively. The effect of this regimen on the expression of other hepatic apolipoprotein genes was less dramatic. ApoA-I and apoA-IV gene expression was modulated over a 2-fold range, in contrast to the (6-14-fold) pretranslational changes induced by thyroid hormone administration. ApoCIII mRNA abundance was unaltered in the setting of either fasting and refeeding or thyroid hormone administration, while apoE gene expression demonstrated a pretranslational increase following prolonged fasting. Taken together the data provide evidence that apoB mRNA editing is modulated by alterations in hepatic lipogenesis which additionally produce effects on the expression of other hepatic apolipoprotein genes suggesting that they are not coordinately regulated in vivo.
Performance of a whole-body PET scanner using curve-plate NaI(Tl) detectors. (2001)

Compared with previous PENN PET scanners, the C-PET, with its curved detectors and improvements in pulse shaping, integration dead time, and triggering, has an improved count-rate capability and spatial resolution. With the refinements in the singles transmission technique and iterative reconstruction, image quality is improved and scan time is shortened. With single-event transmission scans interleaved between sequential emission scans, a whole-body study can be completed in <1 h. Overall, C-PET is a cost-effective PET scanner that performs well in a broad variety of clinical applications.
Magnetoresistivity in a NiFeCo/Ta multilayer thin film with elevated substrate temperature (1988)

The effects of substrate temperature on magnetoresistive (MR) ratio of the NiFeCo mutilayer thin films were investigated. Films were fabricated by rf sputtering with substrate temperature elevated to 200 and 300 °C prior to deposition. MR ratios increased by an average of 5% at 200 °C and 7.7% at 300 °C, as compared with the films deposited on unheated substrate.
An Essential Role for gp130 in Neointima Formation Following Arterial Injury (2007)

Interleukin (IL)-6 induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) motility in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, IL-6 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of gp130, resulting in the recruitment and activation of STAT-3. IL-6-induced VSMC motility was found to be dependent on activation of gp130/STAT-3 signaling. IL-6 also induced cyclin D1 expression in a time- and gp130/STAT-3-dependent manner in VSMCs. Suppression of cyclin D1 levels via the use of its small interfering RNA molecules inhibited IL-6-induced VSMC motility. Furthermore, balloon injury induced IL-6 expression both at mRNA and protein levels in rat carotid artery. Balloon injury also caused increased STAT-3 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression, leading to smooth muscle cell migration from the media to the intimal region. Blockade of gp130/STAT-3 signaling via adenovirus-mediated expression of dngp130 or dnSTAT-3 attenuated balloon injury-induced STAT-3 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 induction, resulting in reduced smooth muscle cell migration from media to intima and decreased neointima formation. Together, these observations for the first time suggest that IL-6/gp130/STAT-3 signaling plays an important role in vascular wall remodeling particularly in the settings of postangioplasty and thereby in neointima formation.
Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the human Sm-D autoantigen. (1988)

Antibodies to the Sm-D polypeptide antigen are closely associated with the rheumatic disease systemic lupus erythematosus. Sm-D exists in the cell as one of the core proteins of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes implicated in RNA processing. We have isolated a cDNA clone, D45-2, coding for the Sm-D human nuclear antigen by screening a human B-lymphocyte cDNA library with synthetic oligonucleotide probes. The 1633-base-pair clone contains an open reading frame (ORF) 357 nucleotides long, capable of encoding a 13,282-dalton polypeptide. The Sm-D coding region is initiated at an AUG codon downstream from a sequence with excellent match to the consensus for the eukaryotic ribosome-binding site. The Sm-D ORF is preceded by a 150-nucleotide-long untranslated leader and followed by a 1126-nucleotide-long untranslated region containing four putative poly(A) signals. The predicted amino acid sequence reveals a (Gly-Arg)9 repeated motif at the C terminus, which may constitute one of the Sm-D immunoreactive determinants. Moreover, this C terminus shows interesting features: (i) a good homology to protamines as expected for a nucleic acid binding protein and (ii) a striking similarity to a region in the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen.
Complete sequence and<i>in vitro</i>expression of a tissue-specific phosphatidylinositol-linked N-CAM isoform from skeletal muscle (1988)

Neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) are a family of cell surface sialoglycoproteins encoded by a single copy gene. A full-length cDNA clone that encodes a nontransmembrane phosphatidylinositol (PI) linked N-CAM of Mr 125 x 10(3) has been isolated from a human skeletal muscle cDNA library. The deduced protein sequence encodes a polypeptide of 761 amino acids and is highly homologous to the N-CAM isoform in brain of Mr 120 x 10(3). The size difference between the 125 x 10(3). The size difference between the 125 x 10(3) Mr skeletal muscle form and the 120 x 10(3) Mr N-CAM form from brain is accounted for by the insertion of a block of 37 amino acids called MSD1, in the extracellular domain of the muscle form. Transient expression of the human cDNA in COS cells results in cell surface N-CAM expression via a putative covalent attachment to PI-containing phospholipid. Linked in vitro transcription and translation experiments followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-N-CAM antibodies demonstrate that the full-length clone of 761 amino acid coding potential produces a core polypeptide of Mr 110 x 10(3) which is processed by microsomal membranes to yield a 122 x 10(3) Mr species. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the cloned cDNA sequence encodes a lipid-linked, PI-specific phospholipase C releasable surface isoform of N-CAM with core glycopeptide molecular weight corresponding to the authentic muscle 125 x 10(3) Mr N-CAM isoform. This is the first direct correlation of cDNA and deduced protein sequence with a known PI-linked N-CAM isoform from skeletal muscle.
Microlens design for compact lens system (2003)

This paper is about the definition and requirement of Compact lens system. One important application of the CMOS image sensor module is to capture a still image or continuous images when it is bundled with cellular phones (embedded, not add-on module). This type of application is related to the so-called “compact lens system.” We will make a description of image forming at pixel and image forming at chip and introduce the experiments of microlens shift. The discussion of the experimented results will include several factors: a) the color filter stack thickness b) the IC stack thickness c) fill factor d) the shape of photo diode. At last, check what problems may happen in actual microlens shift applications. From all above, we can understand the requirement of compact lens system.
Approximations for Binary Gaussian Process Classification (2008)

We provide a comprehensive overview of many recent algorithms for approximate inference in\nGaussian process models for probabilistic binary classification. The relationships between several\napproaches are elucidated theoretically, and the properties of the different algorithms are\ncorroborated by experimental results. We examine both 1) the quality of the predictive distributions and\n2) the suitability of the different marginal likelihood approximations for model selection (selecting\nhyperparameters) and compare to a gold standard based on MCMC. Interestingly, some methods\nproduce good predictive distributions although their marginal likelihood approximations are poor.\nStrong conclusions are drawn about the methods: The Expectation Propagation algorithm is almost\nalways the method of choice unless the computational budget is very tight. We also extend\nexisting methods in various ways, and provide unifying code implementing all approaches.
[Monoclonal antibodies for studying antigens of protein origin in serotyping of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]. (2001)

Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serovars I-IV, responsible for serovar appurtenance, were obtained. Virtually all MAbs reacted with protein antigens in immunoblotting. The only exclusion was MAb 3A2 presumably reacting with a glycoprotein epitope of complex structure. Variability of Y. pseudotuberculosis antigenic structure, depending on culturing temperature, was confirmed. Polypeptides with mono- or polydetermined antigenic specificity were determined using MAbs.
Application of Supercritical Fluid Extraction to Components of Crude Drugs and Plants. I. Effects of Pressure, Temperature, Time and Entrainers on Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Cnidium formosanum YABE Fruits (1987)

The supercritical fluid extraction was applied to the components of Cnidium formosanum fruits by use of carbon dioxide gas, and the effects of temperature, pressure and time on the extraction were examined to establish the way of applying this new technique to crude drugs. The optimum temperature and pressure for the extraction of furocoumarins such as columbianadin, bergapten, O-acetylcolumbianetin, edultin and columbianetin, with supercritical carbon dioxide were 40°C and 400 bar, respectively. Although the amounts of extractives increased with prolonging extraction times, the increments after 80 min were small. Effects of entrainers were examined, and compared with those of the ordinary liquid extraction.
Crop pollination by bees (2000)

<title>Abstract</title> This book aims to synthesize the latest scientific literature into principles and practices relevant to workers in crop pollination. Particular focus is on bee-pollinated crops of significant or emerging economic importance in the temperate developed world, crops for which there is significant literature on bee pollination, and crops for which pollination is historically a limiting factor. Three main sections address the biology of pollination, methods of culturing and conserving bees for optimum pollination, and the pollination requirements and recommendations for individual crops. This last section is dealt with through 42 short chapters on different crops, detailing flowering, pollination requirements and pollinators. The crops covered include arable, vegetable, berry and fruit crops. Appendices list sources of beekeeping supplies, a sample bee-keeper/grower pollination contract, and a table of pesticide toxicity to bees.
Construction of Recombinant Eukaryotic Plasmids of HD5 and LL37 and Their Transfection and Expression in Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells (2012)

Objective:To construct eukaryotic expression vectors of human defensin 5(HD5) and LL37 and transiently transfect primary human vaginal epithelial cells,and the mechanism of vaginal epithelial cells against microbial infection thereof.Methods:(1) Total RNA was extracted from human vaginal epithelial cells.The cDNA encoding the HD5 and LL37 was amplified through RT-PCR,which was inserted into pcDNA3.1(+)-EGFP,a expression vector.(2)The vaginal epithelial cells were cultured primarily by serum-free keratinocyte medium and tissue piece culture method.These two kinds of recom binant eukaryotic plasmids were separately transfected or co-transferred into vaginal epithelial cells.After 6,12,24 and 48 h the transfection efficacy was observed by fluorescence microscope.The supernatant of every group was collected to determine ex pressions of HD5 and LL37 by ELISA method.Results: This study constructed pcDNA3.1(+)/HD5-EGFP and pcDNA3.1(+)/ LL37-EGFP eukaryotic expression vector,and achieved the expression of HD5 and LL37 in vaginal epithelial cells.Expres sions of HD5 and LL37 proteins were found in the cell culture supernatant.The highest expressions of HD5 and LL37 protein were found 24 h after transfection.The levels of HD5 and LL37 were significantly higher in co-transfection group than those of single transfection group,and levels were significantly higher in single transfection group than those of untransfected group(P 0.001).Except for the untransfected group,the lowest secretion was at 6 h and reached the peak at 24 h,and then contin ued the downward trend.Conclusion: HD5 and LL37 were successfully transfected into human vaginal epithelial cells,which was the basis for the further study the antibacterial function of recombinant HD5 and LL37and vaginal epithelial cell in nate immune system.
A Cost-effective Three-phase Grid-connected Inverter with Maximum Power Point Tracking (2006)

Solar energy is desirable due to its renewable and pollution-free properties. In order to utilize the present utility grid infrastructure for power transmission and distribution, grid connected dc-to-ac inverters are needed for solar power generation. However, previously proposed voltage source inverters with a two-power-stage structure or a cascaded structure increase the circuit complexity, power losses, and system cost. In addition, conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods usually need power calculation and complex logic judgment, so expensive multipliers and/or microprocessors are needed. This leads to high inverter capital cost, which becomes a major barrier for the wide use of solar power generation. A cost-effective MPPT method integrated within the one-cycle control (OCC) core is proposed in this paper. When integrated with a three-phase boost type inverter, the proposed method tracks MPP with good precision, and solar power is converted into three-phase ac power with a single power stage. There is no power calculation in the controller, which yields a simple and cost-effective solution. Experiments have been carried out with a photovoltaic source to verify good performance
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in oligodendroglial tumors. (1996)

A series of 13 oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II) and 20 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade III) was studied for gene amplification and expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR). EGFR gene amplification was found in only one case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, which additionally showed a deletion/rearrangement at the 5' end of the gene. Northern blot analysis, however, revealed increases of EGFR mRNA expression relative to non-neoplastic control brain in 6 of 13 oligodendrogliomas and 10 of 18 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. All cases with increased mRNA expression showed strong immunoreactivity for EGFR protein. Our findings thus indicate that increased expression of EGFR mRNA and protein is common in low-grade and high-grade oligodendroglial tumors and in the vast majority of cases is not caused by gene amplification.
Pathophysiology of bone metastases (2006)

Normal bone remodeling maintains an appropriate balance between the action of osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells) and osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). Skeletal malignancies, including bone metastases, disrupt the OPG-RANKL-RANK signal transduction pathway and promote enhanced osteoclast formation, thereby accelerating bone resorption and inducing bone loss. This osteolysis in turn leads to the release of bone-derived growth factors, contributing to a "vicious cycle" in which interactions between tumor cells and osteoclasts not only lead to increased osteoclastogenesis and osteolytic activity, but also aggressive growth and behavior of the tumor cells. The osteolytic complications associated with bone metastases are caused by tumor-induced alterations of the OPG-RANKL-RANK system, which are accompanied by enhanced bone resorption and disassociated from counterbalancing bone formation by osteoblasts.
Artificial Ventilation by Means of Electrical Activation of the Intercostal/Accessory Muscles Alone in Anesthetized Dogs (1989)

We have previously shown that large inspired volumes can be achieved in phrenicotomized animals by intercostal/accessory muscle activation via spinal cord stimulation. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of this technique to provide complete ventilatory support for prolonged time periods (6 to 8 h, selected arbitrarily). In 10 deeply anesthetized dogs, a single electrode was introduced onto the epidural surface of the spinal cord and positioned at the T2-T3 spinal level. Bilateral phrenicotomy was performed in all animals to prevent possible diaphragm activation. The spinal cord was rhythmically stimulated approximately 13 times/min with trains of 15- to 20-Hz impulses of sufficient amplitude to achieve inspired volumes of 13 to 15 ml/kg and pressure-time index (product of duty cycle and delta P/Pmax) of less than 0.15 with each contraction. Level of alveolar ventilation was monitored by end-tidal PCO2 and intermittent arterial blood gas measurements. Mean inspired volume and minute ventilation were 236 +/- 7.84 (SE) ml and 3.12 +/- 0.13 (SE) L/min, respectively, and not significantly different between the first and sixth hours of continuous stimulation. Mean duty cycle (Ti/Ttot) was 0.26 +/- 0.01. Mean airway pressure (delta P) during prolonged electrical stimulation under conditions of airway occlusion was 8.05 +/- 0.61 (SE) cm H2O. Mean ratio of delta P/Pmax was 0.47 +/- 0.03 (SE) cm H2O; mean pressure-time index was 0.12 +/- 0.01 (SE). There was no evidence of system fatigue, as evidenced by the lack of any significant shift in the pressure frequency curve over a 6-h time period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extracellular microRNA signature in chronic kidney disease (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. In this study we characterized the circulating and urinary miRNA pattern associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate, using Affymetrix GeneChip miR 4.0 in 28 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Top miRNA discoveries from the human studies were validated in an Alb/TGFβ mouse model of CKD, and in rat renal proximal tubular cells (NRK52E) exposed to TGFβ1. Plasma and urinary levels of procollagen III N-terminal propeptide and collagen IV were elevated in patients with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Expression of 384 urinary and 266 circulatory miRNAs were significantly different between CKD patients with eGFR ≥30 vs. <30 ml·min<sup>-1</sup>·1.73 m<sup>-2</sup> Pathway analysis mapped multiple miRNAs to TGFβ signaling-related mRNA targets. Specifically, Let-7a was significantly downregulated, and miR-130a was significantly upregulated, in urine of patients with eGFR <30; miR-1825 and miR-1281 were upregulated in both urine and plasma of patients with decreased eGFR; and miR-423 was significantly downregulated in plasma of patients with decreased eGFR. miRNA expression in urine and plasma of Alb/TGFβ mice generally resembled and confirmed most, although not all, of the observations from the human studies. In response to TGFβ1 exposure, rat renal proximal tubular cells overexpressed miR-1825 and downregulated miR-423. Thus, miRNA are associated with kidney fibrosis, and specific urinary and plasma miRNA profile may have diagnostic and prognostic utility in CKD.
Monolayer cultures of animal cells with the gyrogen equipped with tubes (1980)

Abstract The gyrogen with tubes has been the object of repeated trials carried out over a period of some years. The aim of these trials was essentially to multiply BHK cells in monolayer and to reproduce the FMD virus in one operation. At the laboratory stage, the gyrogen represented three roller flasks; at the pilot stage, 100 roller flasks; and at the industrial stage, 500 flasks. Culturing cells on a glass support, is not in itself new, but the difficulty appeared when replicating the virus in order to obtain the high parameters necessary for vaccine production. Everything was accomplished so that finally the cell culture and viral multiplication could be carried out in situ in the same apparatus.
Short wavelength compositionally modulated Ni/Ni–P films prepared by electrodeposition (1986)

Compositionally modulated Ni/Ni–P films, with wavelengths between 2.1 and 4.0 nm and an average P content around 12 at. %, have been prepared by alternating electrodeposition in a simple and inexpensive apparatus consisting of two baths of different composition. X-ray diffraction showed a single (000) satellite at low angles due to the presence of the modulation.