gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of serum total IgE concentration in dogs by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay containing monoclonal murine anti-canine IgE (1994)

A method for quantification of serum total IgE concentration in dogs by use of an ELISA containing monoclonal mouse anti-canine IgE was developed. Microtitration plates were coated with monoclonal mouse anti-canine IgE. Test sera and reference serum dilutions were added, followed by biotinylated monoclonal mouse anti-canine IgE. Avidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate was added, and color development was measured spectrophotometrically, using a microtitration plate reader. Quantitative results were obtained by assigning to a reference serum a value of 100 IgE units/ml. Absorbance values of unknown samples were converted into IgE units by comparison with a standard curve generated by measurement of reference serum dilutions. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 5 and 7%, respectively, and assay sensitivity was 1 U/ml. The assay was used to establish a normal range for total IgE concentrations in 30 healthy dogs. Total IgE concentration in healthy dogs followed a skewed distribution and ranged from < 1 to 91.2 U/ml, with a geometric mean value of 7.1 U/ml. The IgE concentration was remarkably stable in serum samples subjected to 25 freeze/thaw cycles or incubation at approximately 25 C (room temperature) for up to 10 days. Comparison of total IgE concentrations in 23 serum samples assayed by use of double-overlay radial immunodiffusion and ELISA yielded correlation coefficient of 0.94. Comparison of the reference serum standard curve with serial dilutions of a purified IgE solution of known concentration yielded a range of values for the IgE unit of 0.7 to 2.0 micrograms.
Simian foamy virus isolated from an accidentally infected human individual (1997)

Evidence for natural foamy virus (FV) infections in humans is still lacking. However, accidental infections of humans with simian FV have been demonstrated by serology and PCR, but all previous attempts to recover infectious virus in such cases have failed. Here we describe the isolation of a simian FV from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a healthy animal caretaker, who acquired the virus 20 years ago from an African green monkey (AGM) bite. Properties of the human isolate such as host range in cell cultures including human PBMC and ability to induce neutralizing antibodies in the primate host proved to be similar to those of FV obtained from AGM. The genomic sequence of the isolate was found to be virtually identical to the proviral sequence present in the host lymphocytes and related to AGM isolates but distinct from those of all FV isolates handled in the laboratory. For successful virus isolation, it was essential to stimulate the host lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin and interleukin-2 for 2 weeks prior to cocultivation with permissive cells. In contrast to the situation found in FV-infected monkeys, virus isolation from the saliva of the animal caretaker was not possible, and no evidence for FV transmission to family contacts was obtained. We conclude that, in contrast to active infection in monkeys, FV persists in a state of latency following accidental infection of humans.
A Theory of Child Support (2003)

Child‐support policy has long been a battlefield for warring couples and feuding interest groups. Beneath these disagreements lie fundamental questions about why parents rather than taxpayers should fund child‐rearing costs, and how to distribute costs among parents fairly. This article evaluates theories of child support. It examines and rejects traditional theories, based on causation, children's vulnerability, and parental consent. It next evaluates less traditional accounts, which treat child‐support duties as efficiency enhancing incentives, implicit insurance premiums, aids to gender equality, and punishment for parents who harm their children. These theories counsel increased public funding for children. Greater public funding might create more efficient incentives for procreation, facilitate more sensible insurance pools, and enhance gender equality. Greater public funding could be fair based on the benefit principle: taxpayers should fund children because and to the extent that children provide public benefits. The article also argues that child support should be assigned to private parties as damages for parental wrongdoing. Parents should be compelled to pay support when they harm children by failing to demonstrate love to the child, or by failing to establish a loving relationship with the child's other parent. Child support might punish and deter these wrongs, and might mitigate consequential harms to children.
Runtime Data Analysis for Java Programs (2003)

Program analysis plays a key role in many areas of software development, such as performance tuning, testing, debugging, and maintenance. Program analysis can be carried out statically or dynamically, and these two approaches are generally seen as being complementary to each other. In this paper, we will focus on runtime data analysis for object oriented systems in general and the Java 2 platform in particular. More specifically, we are investigating various runtime approaches to monitor the access and modification of variables in a Java program in order to keep track of their usage history, being of particular interest for dynamic data flow analysis. Our results indicate that the Java 2 platform does not provide sufficient tools to enable comprehensive runtime data analysis in this context, especially when the complete source code of an application under investigation is unavailable.
IRINOTECAN (CPT‐11): A BRIEF OVERVIEW (1996)

1. Irinotecan (also known as CPT-11) is a water soluble, semi-synthetic analogue of 20(S)camptothecin (CPT) with promising activity against a range of tumour types. 2. As with all other active analogues of CPT, irinotecan causes cell toxicity by stabilizing a ternary complex between the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I) and double-stranded DNA. This leads to replication fork-arrest, double DNA strand breaks and, possibly, illegitimate recombination of vital genes. 3. This activity is much greater for its metabolite SN-38 and irinotecan is widely considered to be a prodrug of SN-38. 4. The anti-topo I activity of CPT is stereoselective at C-20 and irinotecan is synthesized from 20(S)CPT to ensure maximal activity. In aqueous solutions, the lactone ring of CPT undergoes reversible and spontaneous hydrolysis to a ring-opened and inactive carboxylate form. In patients, it has been shown that the lactone is the predominant form of SN-38 in plasma, whereas the opposite is true for irinotecan. 5. The transformation of irinotecan to SN-38 is catalysed by carboxylesterases. However, this conversion appears relatively inefficient in man. 6. Irinotecan and SN-38 show evidence of other metabolic reactions (type I and II), some of which could be subject to pharmacogenetic variability. 7. Therapy with irinotecan is associated with unusual toxicities, such as an acute cholinergic-like syndrome and delayed onset diarrhoea. Although the mechanism for the diarrhoea remains to be defined, the cholinergic toxicity appears to be due to an inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I infection of CD4+ or CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell clones results in immortalization with retention of antigen specificity (1988)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is capable of chronically infecting various types of T cells and nonlymphoid cells. The effects of chronic infection on the specific functional activities and growth requirements of mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have remained poorly defined. We have, therefore, investigated the results of HTLV-I infection of both CD4+ and CD8+ human CTL clones. HTLV-I infection resulted in the establishment of functional CTL lines which propagated indefinitely in culture many months longer than the uninfected parental clone. The infected cells became independent of the need for antigen (target cell) stimulation as a requirement for proliferation and growth. Like their uninfected counterparts, however, these HTLV-I-infected clones remained strictly dependent on conditioned medium from mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes for their growth. This growth factor requirement was not fulfilled by recombinant interleukin-2 alone. Furthermore, the infected lines remained functionally identical to their uninfected parental CTL clones in their ability to specifically recognize and lyse the appropriate target cells. Our findings indicate that the major effects of HTLV-I infection on mature CTL consist of (i) the capacity for proliferation in the absence of antigen stimulation and (ii) a prolonged or immortal survival in vitro, but they also indicate that the fine specificity and cytolytic capacity of these cells remain unaffected.
Esophagus Segmentation from 3D CT Data Using Skeleton Prior-Based Graph Cut (2013)

The segmentation of organs at risk in CT volumes is a prerequisite for radiotherapy treatment planning. In this paper, we focus on esophagus segmentation, a challenging application since the wall of the esophagus, made of muscle tissue, has very low contrast in CT images. We propose in this paper an original method to segment in thoracic CT scans the 3D esophagus using a skeleton-shape model to guide the segmentation. Our method is composed of two steps: a 3D segmentation by graph cut with skeleton prior, followed by a 2D propagation. Our method yields encouraging results over 6 patients.
Concise Review: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Bright Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations from Normal Tissues: Characteristics, Activities, and Emerging Uses in Regenerative Medicine (2011)

Flow cytometry has been used to detect cells that express high levels of the aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in normal tissues. Such ALDH bright (ALDHbr) cell populations have been sorted from human cord blood, bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, skeletal muscle, and breast tissue and from the rodent brain, pancreas, and prostate. A variety of hematopoietic, endothelial, and mutiltipotential mesenchymal progenitors are enriched in the human bone marrow, cord, and peripheral blood ALDHbr populations. Multipotential neural progenitors are enriched in rodent brain tissue, and tissue-specific progenitors in the other tissue types. In xenograft models, uncultured human bone marrow and cord ALDHbr cells home to damaged tissue and protect mice against acute ischemic injury by promoting angiogenesis. Uncultured cord ALDHbr cells also deploy to nonhematopoietic tissues and protect animals in CCl4 intoxication and chronic multiorgan failure models. Mouse ALDHbr cells and cells derived from them in culture protect animals in a chronic neurodegenerative disease model. Purifying ALDHbr cells appears to increase their ability to repair tissues in these animal models. Clinical studies suggest that the number of ALDHbr cells present in hematopoietic grafts or circulating in the blood of cardiovascular disease patients is related to clinical outcomes or disease severity. ALDHbr cells have been used to supplement unrelated cord blood transplant and to treat patients with ischemic heart failure and critical limb ischemia. ALDH activity can play several physiological roles in stem and progenitor cells that may potentiate their utility in cell therapy.
The Modification of Cellulose by Reaction with Formaldehyde (1948)

Experiments relating to the chemistry of the technologically important cellulose-formalde hyde reaction are described. While for many reasons definitive statements about the reaction cannot now be given, certain of its gross features are revealed. As the formalization process is usually carried out, the reaction with cellulose is com petitive with the evaporation of the formaldehyde. At low temperatures (to 30°C) no reaction takes place. At higher temperatures (150°C) reaction takes place over a wide range of con ditions of acidity. The product formed at high acidity is stable to hydrolysis and is charac terized by reduced swelling, increased elastic modulus, and resistance to creep. At lower acidities and under alkaline conditions, the properties of the product are much more like those of the starting material and the formaldehyde is easily removed by washing in neutral aqueous solutions. The combining weight of formaldehyde with cellulose varies, among other things, with the concentration of the formaldehyde applied. The lower the concentration the more nearly the combining weight approaches 12, which corresponds to the formation of simple methylene ethers with the cellulose. At higher concentrations, the combining weight increases toward a value of 30, indicating the formation of polyoxymethylene ether linkages.
Structural Biology of Nucleocytoplasmic Transport (2007)

In eukaryotic cells, segregation of DNA replication and RNA biogenesis in the nucleus and protein synthesis in the cytoplasm poses the requirement of transporting thousands of macromolecules between the two cellular compartments. Transport between nucleus and cytoplasm is mediated by soluble receptors that recognize specific cargoes and carry them through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), the sole gateway between the two compartments at interphase. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is specific not only in terms of cargo recognition, but also in terms of directionality, with nuclear proteins imported into the nucleus and RNAs exported from it. How is directionality achieved? How can the receptors be both specific and versatile in recognizing a multitude of cargoes? And how can their interaction with NPCs allow fast translocation? We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying nucleocytoplasmic transport as they have been revealed by structural studies of the receptors and regulators in different steps of transport cycles.
The projection and synaptic organisation of NTS afferent connections with presympathetic neurons, GABA and nNOS neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (2012)

Elevated sympathetic nerve activity, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, is partly generated from the presympathetic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The PVN-presympathetic neurons regulating cardiac and vasomotor sympathetic activity receive information about cardiovascular status from receptors in the heart and circulation. These receptors signal changes via afferent neurons terminating in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), some of which may result in excitation or inhibition of PVN-presympathetic neurons. Understanding the anatomy and neurochemistry of NTS afferent connections within the PVN could provide important clues to the impairment in homeostasis cardiovascular control associated with disease. Transynaptic labelling has shown the presence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-containing neurons and GABA interneurons that terminate on presympathetic PVN neurons any of which may be the target for NTS afferents. So far NTS connections to these diverse neuronal pools have not been demonstrated and were investigated in this study. Anterograde (biotin dextran amine - BDA) labelling of the ascending projection from the NTS and retrograde (fluorogold - FG or cholera toxin B subunit - CTB) labelling of PVN presympathetic neurons combined with immunohistochemistry for GABA and nNOS was used to identify the terminal neuronal targets of the ascending projection from the NTS. It was shown that NTS afferent terminals are apposed to either PVN-GABA interneurons or to nitric oxide producing neurons or even directly to presympathetic neurons. Furthermore, there was evidence that some NTS axons were positive for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGLUT2). The data provide an anatomical basis for the different functions of cardiovascular receptors that mediate their actions via the NTS-PVN pathways.
Rough Rock Demonstration School – Can We Learn Anything? (1973)

Several readers of the Journal have asked for reports on overseas projects which would be of interest in Australia. Mr. Amery agreed to provide such a report on the Bough Rock Demonstration School in Arizona. Rough Rock has been cited as one of the most dramatic attempts “to achieve community control in a school serving a disadvantaged, largely uneducated minority”.
Antibody Screening of Expression Libraries (2003)

Over the last decade major advances in cloning technology have markedly improved the ability to construct clone libraries expressing foreign proteins and to screen them to identify clones encoding any desired gene product. A number of types of libraries, expression vec- tors, and screening methods have been described but workers in the field of parasitology have generally used antibody screening of cDNA libraries constructed in the bacteriophage Xgtll or its variants. This chapter will largely detail screening methods developed for this sys- tem, an approach that has been successful in identifying clones expres- sing proteins derived from all classes of parasites including protozoa (Plasmodium, Leishmania, Toxoplasma, and Trypanosoma), helminths (Ascaris, Taenia, and Schistosoma), and ectoparasites (ticks and mites).
Time-evolution of enhanced ultrasonic reflection using a fibrin-targeted nanoparticulate contrast agent (2002)

Molecular imaging with targeted contrast agents is emerging as an important technological advance for diagnostic ultrasound. In vivo, these agents must bind to and acoustically enhance their targets before the agents are cleared or destroyed. In this study, we present results using a system that was designed and constructed for visualization of the evolution of acoustic contrast enhancement. To evaluate the system, two targets were examined: avidin-complexed nitrocellulose membrane and human plasma clots. The time evolution of enhancement was visualized in 10-minute increments for one hour. A monotonic increase was observed in ultrasonic reflection enhancement from specially treated nitrocellulose membranes for targeted emulsions containing perfluorooctylbromide (1.3/spl plusmn/0.3 dB) and perfluorooctane (2.6/spl plusmn/0.5 dB) within the first 60 minutes of imaging. In comparison, the inherently non-echogenic plasma clots showed a substantial increase of 12.0/spl plusmn/0.9 dB when targeted with a perfluorooctane emulsion. This study demonstrates the concept of molecular imaging and provides the first quantifiable time evolution report of the binding of a site-targeted ultrasonic contrast agent.
Chitosan encapsulation modulates the effect of capsaicin on the tight junctions of MDCK cells (2015)

Capsaicin has known pharmacological effects including the ability to reversibly open cellular tight junctions, among others. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy to enhance the paracellular transport of a substance with low permeability (FITC-dextran) across an epithelial cell monolayer via reversible opening of cellular tight junctions using a nanosystem comprised by capsaicin and of chitosan. We compared the biophysical properties of free capsaicin and capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanocapsules, including their cytotoxicity towards epithelial MDCK-C7 cells and their effect on the integrity of tight junctions, membrane permeability and cellular uptake. The cytotoxic response of MDCK-C7 cells to capsaicin at a concentration of 500 μM, which was evident for the free compound, is not observable following its encapsulation. The interaction between nanocapsules and the tight junctions of MDCK-C7 cells was investigated by impedance spectroscopy, digital holographic microscopy and structured illumination fluorescence microscopy. The nanocapsules modulated the interaction between capsaicin and tight junctions as shown by the different time profile of trans-epithelial electrical resistance and the enhanced permeability of monolayers incubated with FITC-dextran. Structured illumination fluorescence microscopy showed that the nanocapsules were internalized by MDCK-C7 cells. The capsaicin-loaded nanocapsules could be further developed as drug nanocarriers with enhanced epithelial permeability.
Properties of unstable resonators with field rotation. II. Experimental results (1979)

An experimental investigation was made of the properties of an unstable mirror resonator with field rotation using cw and pulsed CO2 lasers. It was found that the field density in a laser with a transverse relaxing active-medium flow can be equalized using an unstable resonator with field rotation (URFR). The first results of an experiment involving the bidding of a URFR with an output beam having a compact cross-sectional profile are reported.
Flywheel Energy Storage System for Naval Applications (2006)

A recent trend in designing naval ships is to improve performance through using more electric equipment. The reliability and quality of the onboard electric power, therefore, becomes critical as the ship functionality would entirely depend on its availability. This paper investigates the possibility of using Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS), similar to those earlier developed for commercial applications, to address issues related to onboard power supplies. A design of a FESS for onboard power backup and railroad electrical stations is presented. The FESSs power output parameters are 500kWx30sec in high-duty mode and up to 2MW in pulse mode. High power output is one of the main advantages of FESS over commercially available electrochemical batteries. The other advantages include essentially an unlimited number of charge/discharge cycles, observable state of charge and environmental friendliness. Designs of the main FESS components are discussed: low-loss magnetic bearings, an energy-storage hub, a high-efficiency motor/generator and power electronics.
Photonic Terabit Routers: The IRIS Project (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Gripp, J. E. Simsarian, J. D. LeGrange, P. Bernasconi, and D. T. Neilson, "Photonic Terabit Routers: The IRIS Project," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper OThP3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The SYSU System for the Interspeech 2015 Automatic Speaker Verification Spoofing and Countermeasures Challenge (2015)

Many existing speaker verification systems are reported to be vulnerable against different spoofing attacks, for example speaker-adapted speech synthesis, voice conversion, play back, etc. In order to detect these spoofed speech signals as a countermeasure, we propose a score level fusion approach with several different i-vector subsystems. We show that the acoustic level Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features, the phase level modified group delay cepstral coefficients (MGDCC) and the phonetic level phoneme posterior probability (PPP) tandem features are effective for the countermeasure. Furthermore, feature level fusion of these features before i-vector modeling also enhance the performance. A polynomial kernel support vector machine is adopted as the supervised classifier. In order to enhance the generalizability of the countermeasure, we also adopted the cosine similarity and PLDA scoring as one-class classifications methods. By combining the proposed i-vector subsystems with the OpenSMILE baseline which covers the acoustic and prosodic information further improves the final performance. The proposed fusion system achieves 0.29% and 3.26% EER on the development and test set of the database provided by the INTERSPEECH 2015 automatic speaker verification spoofing and countermeasures challenge.