gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iron-cyclam complexes as catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins by 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile and methanol (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIron-cyclam complexes as catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins by 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile and methanolWonwoo Nam, Raymond Ho, and Joan Selverstone ValentineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 18, 7052–7054Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00018a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00018a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1704Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved design of ignition system for aero-engines (2013)

A technical improvement scheme for aviation engine ignition system is proposed,due to the reason that the existing aircraft engine ignition system uses one machine type and the present situation that the engine ignition systems can not be interchangeable.A general ignition circuit structure and fast special setting method are presented,both of which have been simulated by Multism software.The simulation results show that the general ignition system for aero-engines can meet the requirements of ignition technology parameters for all engines by quick setting.The technology has significant influence in improving the generality of aero-engine spare parts,simplifying the engine maintenance system and increasing the warplanes′ attendance.
Interfacial tensions of oil, water, chemical dispersant systems (1982)

Abstract Oil‐water interfacial tension measurements are reported for systems of crude oils, distilled and salt water, and chemical dispersants, using the spinning drop technique. By varying the amount of dispersant and the volumetric ratio of water to oil it is possible to deduce an effective oil‐water partition coefficient for the interfacial tension reducing species and to suggest a relationship between the extent of interfacial tension reduction and dispersant concentration. The implications of the results in assessing the mechanism and effectiveness of the chemical dispersion process are discussed.
The Agreement between Clar Structures and Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift Values in Pericondensed Benzenoid Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons:  An Application of the Y-Rule (2004)

In the present study, we verify theoretically the performance of a previously introduced qualitative simple rule for aromaticity, the Y-rule, which determines the relative aromaticity of each hexagonal ring in pericondensed benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (peri-PAHs). The Y-rule extends the sextet−double bond description of Clar's model for peri-PAHs by predicting, in an easy way, the most likely location and total number of aromatic sextets in the structure. The final π-electronic distribution thus obtained corresponds to the superposition of the most important Clar structures. The problem of the number and location of aromatic sextets in peri-PAHs involves the very concept of aromaticity. The π-electronic distribution obtained by the Clar sextet principle (or model) as determined by the Y-rule is compared with the π-electronic distribution obtained from nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations for various series of benzenoid peri-PAHs. The NICS values were used to assess the relative aromaticities of the individual rings in the peri-PAH compounds. We found that the simple heuristic Y-rule predicts for all the calculated systems the same relative aromaticities given by the NICS calculations, and for the case of peri-systems with very high symmetry (like the compact peri-PAHs) it reinforces the picture derived from the NICS calculations. In these cases, the NICS results can be complex due to symmetry. The advantages of the qualitative Y-rule are that it is of particular importance for the case of large peri-PAHs, it takes only a few minutes to be applied following a very easy methodology, and it provides a quick answer about the aromaticity and location of the resonant sextets in peri-PAH compounds without having to carry out theoretical quantum chemistry calculations that take time and that can be costly depending on the size of the system.
ENDOTHELIAL CELL TRANSPLANTATION INTO THE CORPUS CAVERNOSUM: MOVING TOWARDS CELL-BASED GENE THERAPY (1999)

Transplanted endothelial cells adhere and persist in the corporal sinusoids and provide a rationale for cell-based gene therapy in the penis.
Using mobile phones to determine transportation modes (2010)

As mobile phones advance in functionality and capability, they are being used for more than just communication. Increasingly, these devices are being employed as instruments for introspection into habits and situations of individuals and communities. Many of the applications enabled by this new use of mobile phones rely on contextual information. The focus of this work is on one dimension of context, the transportation mode of an individual when outside. We create a convenient (no specific position and orientation setting) classification system that uses a mobile phone with a built-in GPS receiver and an accelerometer. The transportation modes identified include whether an individual is stationary, walking, running, biking, or in motorized transport. The overall classification system consists of a decision tree followed by a first-order discrete Hidden Markov Model and achieves an accuracy level of 93.6% when tested on a dataset obtained from sixteen individuals.
Kindergarten Grammars: Designing with Froebel's Building Gifts (1980)

A constructive approach to the definition of languages of designs is outlined. Froebel's building gifts are used to illustrate the approach.
Video Anomaly Detection Via Predictive Autoencoder With Gradient-Based Attention (2020)

Video anomaly detection is a challenging problem due to the ambiguity and diversity of anomalies in different scenes. In this paper, we present a novel framework to detect abnormal in surveillance videos. Inspired by the common deep reconstruction methods and deep prediction ones, we propose a new two-branch predictive autoencoder, including a reconstruction decoder and a prediction decoder, in which the prediction decoder is used to generate future frame and carry out anomaly detection by comparing the difference between predicted future frame and its ground truth. And the reconstruction decoder reconstructs the current frame, which can constrains the encoder to learn video representations better. Moreover, reconstruction decoder provides a gradient-based attention, which significantly helps the prediction decoder to generate higher quality future frame. Our method unifies reconstruction and prediction methods in an end-to-end framework, and it obtains impressive results with better predicted future frame on some publicly available datasets including CUHK Avenue and UCSD Pedestrian.
In-shoe measurement for biomechanical monitoring (2002)

The purpose of the research is to investigate the measurement and characterisation of biomechanical variables associated with ground contact during the course of athletic activity (e.g., running). The measurement approach will involve the appropriate instrumentation of a shoe insole, which lies between the foot and the shoe bed, using MicroElectroMechanical Stucture (MEMS) based sensors. The information obtained from the insole could be used to quantify training stress and competition demands which will greatly assist in enhancing athletic performance. This research will be carried out between the years of 2001 and 2004, under a collaboration between the Industrial Research Institute of the Swinburne University of Technology (IRIS), the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for MicroTechnology.
The delta-doped field-effect transistor (&#948;FET) (1986)

A field-effect transistor (FET) using a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) as an electron channel is fabricated from GaAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The doping profile of the field-effect transistor is described by the Dirac delta (δ) function. The subband structure of δ-doped GaAs is calculated. The characteristics of the δFET are a high concentration of the 2DEG, a high breakdown voltage of the Schottky contact, a narrow distance of the 2DEG from the gate, and a high transconductance. These properties are analyzed. Preliminary results for the extrinsic transconductance and for the transit frequency are obtained from δFET's having nonoptimized structures.
Photoinitiated cationic polymerization by triarylselenonium salts (1979)

Abstract Triarylselenonium salts with complex metal halide anions such as BF , AsF , and SbF have been prepared and have been shown to be efficient photoinitiators of cationic polymerization. The photolysis rates of these compounds were studied and their quantum yields of photolysis were reported. Use of specific triarylselenonium salts in the polymerizations of cyclohexene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether are described.
Malaria vaccines and their potential role in the elimination of malaria (2008)

Research on malaria vaccines is currently directed primarily towards the development of vaccines that prevent clinical malaria. Malaria elimination, now being considered seriously in some epidemiological situations, requires a different vaccine strategy, since success will depend on killing all parasites in the community in order to stop transmission completely. The feature of the life-cycles of human malarias that presents the greatest challenge to an elimination programme is the persistence of parasites as asymptomatic infections. These are an important source from which transmission to mosquitoes can occur. Consequently, an elimination strategy requires a community-based approach covering all individuals and not just those who are susceptible to clinical malaria. The progress that has been made in development of candidate malaria vaccines is reviewed. It is unlikely that many of these will have the efficacy required for complete elimination of parasites, though they may have an important role to play as part of future integrated control programmes. Vaccines for elimination must have a high level of efficacy in order to stop transmission to mosquitoes. This might be achieved with some pre-erythrocytic stage candidate vaccines or by targeting the sexual stages directly with transmission-blocking vaccines. An expanded malaria vaccine programme with such objectives is now a priority.
Tumor Metabolism and Blood Flow Changes by Positron Emission Tomography: Relation to Survival in Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (2008)

LABC patients with limited or no decline in BF and FDG K(1) experienced higher recurrence and mortality risks that were greater than the effects of clinical tumor characteristics. Tumor perfusion changes over the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy measured directly by [(15)O]water or indirectly by dynamic FDG predict DFS and OS.
2014년 제18회 국제학술회의 : 각국의 대외 자국어 교육 정책 비교 연구 ; 최근 30년 중국 대외 중국어 교육 정책의 발전과 변화 (2014)

본고는 최근 30년 동안의 중국 대외 중국어 교육 정책의 발전 및 변화를 살펴보고, 그간의 대외 중국어 교육 정책이 대외 중국어 교육의 실천을 어떻게 이끌어 왔는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 1984년 이후의 대외 중국어 교육 정책은 세 단계로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫 번째 단계는 독립적인 학과 건립을 중심으로 한 건설 시기이다. 두 번째 단계는 중국어를 배우기 위해 중국으로 온 외국인을 대상으로 한 중국어 교육의 급속 발전시기이다. 세 번째 단계는 ``공자학원`` 건립을 통한 중국어의 국제 전파 시기이다. 본고는 대외 중국어 교육의 정책과 실행상의 발전 과정에 대한 연구를 바탕으로, 현재 존재하는 문제와 앞으로 풀어야 할 모순에 대해 논의하였다.
Advances in Quantitative Trait Analysis in Yeast (2012)

Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying complex traits is one of the next frontiers in biology. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become an important model for elucidating the mechanisms that govern natural genetic and phenotypic variation. This success is partially due to its intrinsic biological features, such as the short sexual generation time, high meiotic recombination rate, and small genome size. Precise reverse genetics technologies allow the high throughput manipulation of genetic information with exquisite precision, offering the unique opportunity to experimentally measure the phenotypic effect of genetic variants. Population genomic and phenomic studies have revealed widespread variation between diverged populations, characteristic of man-made environments, as well as geographic clusters of wild strains along with naturally occurring recombinant strains (mosaics). Here, we review these recent studies and provide a perspective on how these previously unappreciated levels of variation can help to bridge our understanding of the genotype-phenotype gap, keeping budding yeast at the forefront of genetic studies. Not only are quantitative trait loci (QTL) being mapped with high resolution down to the nucleotide, for the first time QTLs of modest effect and complex interactions between these QTLs and between QTLs and the environment are being determined experimentally at unprecedented levels using next generation techniques of deep sequencing selected pools of individuals as well as multi-generational crosses.
Ion implantation of polymers for electrical conductivity enhancement (1991)

Ions in the mass range from H to Xe have been used at energies from a few keV to more than a GeV to cause atomic rearrangement and consequent formation of conducting grains of carbonized material in several polymers. Generally, the conductivity increases dramatically-- by several orders of magnitude--until finally demonstrating a saturation effect with further ion dose. These results indicate that the ion specie, the rate of energy deposition due to electronic processes, and the original structure of the polymer influence the final conductivity of the implanted material. The temperature dependence of the conductivity, in most cases, and frequency dependence in our case indicate a hopping mechanism for the conductivity in a one dimensional mode although precise details of the conducting mechanism are still in question.
Microbial polysaccharides: new products and their commercial applications (1984)

Abstract
Staphylococcal phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system – two highly similar glucose permeases in Staphylococcus carnosus with different glucoside specificity: protein engineering in vivo? (1999)

Previous sequence analysis of the glucose-specific PTS gene locus from Staphylococcus carnosus revealed the unexpected finding of two adjacent, highly similar ORFs, glcA and glcB, each encoding a glucose-specific membrane permease EIICBA(Glc). glcA and glcB show 73% identity at the nucleotide level and glcB is located 131 bp downstream from glcA. Each of the genes is flanked by putative regulatory elements such as a termination stem-loop, promoter and ribosome-binding site, suggesting independent regulation. The finding of putative cis-active operator sequences, CRE (catabolite-responsive elements) suggests additional regulation by carbon catabolite repression. As described previously by the authors, both genes can be expressed in Escherichia coli under control of their own promoters. Two putative promoters are located upstream of glcA, and both were found to initiate transcription in E. coli. Although the two permeases EIICBA(Glc)1 and EIICBA(Glc)2 show 69% identity at the protein level, and despite the common primary substrate glucose, they have different specificities towards glucosides as substrate. EIICBA(Glc)1 phosphorylates glucose in a PEP-dependent reaction with a Km of 12 microM; the reaction can be inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose and methyl beta-D-glucoside. EIICBA(Glc)2 phosphorylates glucose with a Km of 19 microM and this reaction is inhibited by methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl beta-D-glucoside, p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside, o-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside and salicin, but unlike other glucose permeases, including EIICBA(Glc)1, not by 2-deoxyglucose. Natural mono- or disaccharides, such as mannose or N-acetylglucosamine, that are transported by other glucose transporters are not phosphorylated by either EIICBA(Glc)1 nor EIICBA(Glc)2, indicating a high specificity for glucose. Together, these findings support the suggestion of evolutionary development of different members of a protein family, by gene duplication and subsequent differentiation. C-terminal fusion of a histidine hexapeptide to both gene products did not affect the activity of the enzymes and allowed their purification by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography after expression in a ptsG (EIICB(Glc)) deletion mutant of E. coli. Upstream of glcA, the 3' end of a further ORF encoding 138 amino acid residues of a putative antiterminator of the BglG family was found, as well as a putative target DNA sequence (RAT), which indicates a further regulation by glucose specific antitermination.
Inverse Scattering for Soft Fault Diagnosis in Electric Transmission Lines (2010)

Today's advanced reflectometry methods provide an efficient solution for the diagnosis of electric transmission line hard faults (open and short circuits), but they are much less efficient for soft faults, in particular, for faults resulting in spatially smooth variations of characteristic impedance. This paper attempts to fill an important gap for the application of the inverse scattering transform to reflectometry-based soft fault diagnosis: it clarifies the relationship between the reflection coefficient measured with reflectometry instruments and the mathematical object of the same name defined in the inverse scattering theory, by reconciling finite length transmission lines with the inverse scattering transform defined on the infinite interval. The feasibility of this approach is then demonstrated by numerical simulation of lossless transmission lines affected by soft faults, and by the solution of the inverse scattering problem effectively retrieving smoothly varying characteristic impedance profiles from reflection coefficients.
Intrapulmonary and intramyocardial gene transfer in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Safety and efficiency of HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors for fetal gene delivery (2005)

Fetal gene transfer was studied using intrapulmonary and intramyocardial transfer of SIN HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors expressing EGFP in rhesus monkeys. Fetuses were monitored sonographically during gestation and tissue analyses performed at term or 3 months postnatal age. Animals remained healthy during the study period as evidenced by normal growth, development, hematology, clinical chemistry, echocardiography, and pulmonary function tests. Strong pulmonary fluorescence was observed postnatally after fetal intrapulmonary delivery of lenti-CMV, but not lenti-SP-C, and compared to nontransferred controls. High EGFP copy numbers were found by quantitative PCR with both vector constructs in lung lobes (<or=15%) and EGFP copies were also detected in the diaphragm, pericardium, and thorax. No differences were found in lung:body weight ratios, percentage lung parenchyma, or overall morphology when compared to controls. For intramyocardial gene delivery, strong transgene expression was found within the myocardium and pericardium, and high EGFP copy numbers were found by quantitative PCR (3-36%). EGFP was also detected in the aorta, thorax, and diaphragm. These studies indicate that postnatal heart and lung development and function were not altered after fetal intraorgan gene transfer and subsequent transgene expression prenatally and postnatally, and gene transfer was restricted to the thoracic cavity with intrapulmonary and intramyocardial lentiviral vector-mediated gene delivery.
Control of Properties of Magnetic Thin Films for Shifting Registers (1964)

The operation of a domain wall motion shifting register depends on the fact that the critical threshold field Hs, required to introduce a reverse domain into a saturated, uniaxial, anisotropic, magnetic thin film is greater than the critical threshold field H0, required to move walls of already exiting domains. Thus, an important parameter characterizing the performance of the register is the nucleation factor η defined as η=Hs/H0. This must be large to obtain wide tolerance in the shifting field, H, as H0≤H≤Hs. It must also be large in order to obtain high speed, as wall velocity varies as H − H0. Normally it is difficult to produce films with η&gt;2, but here it is shown how the difficulty can be overcome by the use of thick films (&gt;2000 Å) of high anisotropy (anisotropy field Hk&gt;15 Oe. Experimental results are given for Ni-Fe-Co alloys showing that Hs and Hk both increase with the cobalt concentration, whereas H0 decreases with increasing film thickness. Hence the two fields Hs and H0 can be controlled independently, and in this way values of η of up to 12 have been obtained. The ratio of nickel to iron is adjusted for zero magnetostriction. Measurements were made by observation by the Kerr effect of domains in an actual shifting register. There is a tendency for domains to nucleate at the edges of the film when shifting fields are applied, the nuclei growing to represent spurious information. It is shown how this is prevented by gradually reducing the thickness of the film at the edges. When domains are propagated along the film another difficulty is observed, that occasional remanent nuclei from the trailing edge walls remain unshifted, and grow during subsequent shifting cycles, to represent spurious information. It is shown that this can be prevented by applying a biassing field of about 1 Oe which tends to erase the remanent nuclei. Also, when the shifting fields are readjusted to operate with the bias field the effect is further enhanced. However, this field reinforces the demagnetizing field of the domains and so causes them to break up into narrow bars in order to reduce their total field energy. This break up reduces the magnetic flux which can be detected by the output sense conductor. When either a thicker film is used to increase the output signal, or the register is reduced in size to increase the operating speed, the effect of the demagnetizing field is accentuated and the domains become very narrow in the hard direction. This effect can be reduced by using a film with a higher value of H0. Shift registers with a packing density of 40 bits/in., cycle time of 1 μsec, shifting fields of about 14 Oe, and biasing fields of about 1 Oe have been produced.