gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The irregular chiasm C-roughest locus of Drosophila, which affects axonal projections and programmed cell death, encodes a novel immunoglobulin-like protein. (1993)

The axonal projection mutations irregular chiasm C of Drosophila melanogaster comap and genetically interact with the roughest locus, which is required for programmed cell death in the developing retina. We cloned the genomic region in 3C5 by transposon tagging and identified a single transcription unit that produces a major, spatially and temporally regulated mRNA species of approximately 5.0 kb. Postembryonic expression is strong in the developing optic lobe and in the eye imaginal disc. The gene encodes a transmembrane protein of 764 amino acids with five extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and similarity to the chicken axonal surface glycoprotein DM-GRASP/SC1/BEN. Both known irreC alleles reduce the level of transcription, whereas the roughestCT mutation disrupts the intracellular domain of the protein.
Comment on " 'Stemness': Transcriptional Profiling of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells" and "A Stem Cell Molecular Signature" (I) (2003)

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Protein TAU variants present in paired helical filaments (PHFs) of alzheimer brains (1990)

Polyclonal anti-TAU antisera directed against native Tau protein and the NH2-terminal side of the mouse TAU sequence were used to determine the nature of the TAU variants present in Alzheimer brains and in PHFs. These antibodies labelled specifically neurofibrillary tangles and plaque neurites in Alzheimer brains. On immunoblots of PHF extracts, two entities of 69 and 130 kDa were identified. These TAU-related species were absent from control brains. Protein immunoblot of total Alzheimer and control supernatants were shown to contain the same 4-5 TAU variants but none of the 69 and 130 TAU-related entities found in PHFs. These data suggest that specific TAU species are present in PHFs.
ROBERT DUNCAN MACLEOD (1964)

When we are young a year is a long time, and ten years an eternity. It is only at a later stage when someone we have loved and admired for many years accepts well‐earned retirement that we realize how quickly the years slip away.
A Review of the Implications of Silica in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2011)

Silica is a well-known impurity in solid oxide fuel cell raw materials, namely NiO and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). At elevated temperatures silica will migrate to the grain boundaries, form insulating siliceous phases, and lead to a decrease in the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Furthermore, silica impurities have been shown to damage the anode/electrolyte interface, such that an overall decrease in cell performance and long-term stability is observed. Despite the fact that silica is ubiquitous in commercial-grade raw materials and can be incorporated from several extrinsic sources, it has negative effects on the solid oxide fuel cell, such that any further contamination should be avoided to prevent performance degradation and eventual cell failure. This paper reviews and outlines the sources and effects of silica on the solid oxide fuel cell, and attempts to determine a guideline for acceptable levels of silica contamination.
An improved method for P-P and P-SV wave time matching (2012)

As the velocity ratio is changing with time,the time matching from P-SV to PP time domain will distort seismic wavelet which includes waveform stretch and phase delay.To solve this problem,we propose an improved method for P-P and P-SV wave time matching.This method,based on Fourier's time stretch theory,can correct simultaneously wavelet amplitude and phase resulted from the different stretch value with the seismic travel time.The modeling data results of a well log data indicate that the method can correct simultaneously wavelet amplitude and phase.And the method is still stable when the data is noised.
Rate-distortion analysis of variable block size VQ-based motion compensated video codecs (2002)

Low bit-rate video compression systems using motion compensation and vector quantization (VQ) have been widely studied. This coding scheme first reduce the temporal correlation through motion prediction then the motion compensated difference images are compressed using vector quantization (VQ). To improve the coding performance, variable block size VQ schemes have been developed. In this approach, the subimage blocks are segmented into homogeneous subregions and vector quantized independently. This form of VQ can be perceived as a component vector quantizer where a signal is decomposed into subsignal or component and individually compressed. The superior performance of this VQ scheme over fixed block VQ has been observed empirically. In this paper, rate-distortion analysis is carried out to provide some insights to the underlying coding gain achieved by this class of VQ for motion compensated video compression systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy for management of osteoarthritis-related pain, stiffness and physical function: clinical experience in the elderly (2013)

The present study shows that PEMF therapy improves pain, stiffness and physical function in elderly patients affected by knee osteoarthritis.
Recognition of dimension sets and integration with vectorized engineering drawings (2002)

Automated drawing conversion systems which can convert paper-based engineering drawings into a format which is acceptable for existing computer-aided drafting systems are very desirable. This paper describes a system which has been developed for the recognition of dimensional information present in the drawing and reconstruction of the drawing based on the recognized dimension sets to rectify the errors induced during scanning and vectorization.
Mailman: The GNU Mailing List Manager (1998)

The authors studied the effect of hypotensive therapy with Rauwolfia preparations, dopegit and hemiton on oxygen tension in tissues (PO2), oxygen consumption by the body (QO2) and the state of hemodynamics: arterial pressure (AP), cardiac index (CI) and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR). They examined 108 elderly and old patients with II stage hypertensive disease. It was established that the tissue PO2 increases in decrease of AP attended by a decrease in TPVR and increase in CI, but reduces in decrease in CI and increase in TPVR. In the last case, however, the work of the heart diminishes. Maintenance hypotensive therapy in the period of normalized AP in individuals with unstable hypertension aggravates hypoxia. The decrease in QO2 encountered in half the patients who were treated was attended by a reduction in systolic pressure; no decrease of AP was encountered in cases of increase in QO2 which testifies to a connection between the changes in hemodynamics and the state of tissue oxygen requirements.
CLXXXVIII.—Further syntheses of p-hydroxyphenylethylamine (1909)

G. Barger and G. S. Walpole, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1909, 95, 1720 DOI: 10.1039/CT9099501720
The role of mast cells and basophils in inflammation (2000)

Mast cells are positioned in the asthmatic airways so that they are able to respond to the inhaled environment. During active disease, the cells are primed to secrete an array of preformed and newly generated inflammatory mediators including histamine, neutral proteases and heparin sulphate, prostaglandins and cysteinyl leukotrienes as well as an array of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in leucocyte recruitment and activation. These cells are a potent source of mediators in both allergen- and exercise-induced asthma and possibly in asthma provoked by other stimuli such as adenosine and inhaled air pollutants. The important role played by mast cells in maintaining airway dysfunction in asthma is underpinned by the efficacy of mediator inhibitors, such as those interfering with the release or action of the leukotrienes, agents that inhibit mast cell activation such as sodium cromoglycate and the recently studied E-20 humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and removes IgE. The recent discovery of novel inhibitory pathways involving inhibitory motifs (ITIMS) on critical cell surface signalling molecules has opened up new possibilities for preventing mast cell activation. Future research will focus on more effective ways for inhibiting the mast cell's contribution to asthma and understanding what role this unique cell has in the pathogenesis of airway wall remodelling.
Effect of adenine nucleotides on granulopoiesis and lithium-induced granulocytosis in long-term bone marrow cultures. (1986)

Studies were undertaken to evaluate the role of adenine nucleotides in regulating hematopoiesis using a long-term liquid culture system. In contrast to early investigations using clonogenic stem cell assays, where inhibitory effects were observed, adenosine and adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) were found to stimulate myelopoiesis whereas the dibutyryl derivative of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (dcAMP) had either a modest inhibitory effect or no effect on long-term hematopoiesis. Dose effects for AMP enhancement of hematopoiesis were relatively narrow. When cultures were exposed to a broad range of concentrations (10 mM-10 nM), stimulation was only seen at a molar concentration of 1 X 10(-4) M. Stem cell assays revealed stimulation of multipotent stem cells (CFU-S), as well as committed progenitor cells (CFU-C). Lithium chloride has been shown to cause granulocytosis both in vivo and in vitro. Reductions in intracellular cAMP levels resulting from adenylate cyclase inhibition is a proposed mechanism for this stimulatory effect. However, lithium-induced granulocytosis in long-term cultures could not be blocked by the addition of dcAMP. Measurement of nucleotide levels on spent medium revealed rapid utilization and/or degradation of these reagents. This suggests that failure to abrogate the lithium effect with dcAMP may have been related to the inability to maintain constant intracellular concentrations. The varied observations regarding adenine nucleotide effects on hematopoiesis, as well as the reproducible stimulation by lithium, may be explained by our current appreciation of the complex adenylate cyclase system, which contains both inhibitory and stimulatory subunits for nucleotides and monovalent cations.
Analysis of resist pattern collapse and optimization of DUV process for patterning sub-0.20-μm gate line (1998)

We analyzed the local pattern collapse by KLA-2132 in patterning gate line of 0.18 micrometers on the Poly-Si/WSix/Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>, where the thickness variation of Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> (Nitride) film affected on the substrate reflectivity. By thickness split experiments of organic bottom anti- reflective layers (ARLs), we showed the effect of thickness variation of Nitride on the resist pattern collapse. We investigated the contribution of various factors to the pattern collapse. First of all, we focused on the CD variation due to substrate reflectivity variation to remove patterns of tolerable aspect ratio. In order to obtain better CD uniformity by tight reflectivity control considering the thickness variation of Nitride film, we optimized anti-reflective layer process using inorganic ARLs. As an inorganic ARL, we used PECVD SiOxNy:H(SiON) of which optical constants were changed by deposition conditions. We compared typical positive-tone DUV resists, of acetal based with environmentally stable chemically amplified photoresist type, to clarify the effect of resist and organic bottom ARL materials.
The application of fault location system for 220kV overhead power line in China (2012)

Reliable power supply is considered more and more important for today's infrastructure. If power line faults occur, they could give damage to the facility that fail the power supply quality, so that the fault point must be located, investigated and repaired quickly as possible. Since the length of overhead transmission line is long, say several decades to hundreds kilometers, fault location system has been employed and utilized. J-Power Systems (JPS) has provided the fault location system for overhead power transmission line since early 1980s, which locates the fault point based on the distribution pattern of the induced current detected by the current sensors on the ground wire. By applying the combination of EMTP (Electro Magnetic Transients Program) simulation and the neural network pattern recognizing technology, the located fault point is achieved narrower than the sensor to sensor section. Typical fault location system consists of one Master Station (MS) which has a personal computer with fault location software and communication device to communicate with Local Stations (LS), several LS installed on tower which are driven by solar panel and battery, incorporate processing circuit boards and communication device to communicate with MS, and several current sensors which are installed on ground wire and whose signal cables are connected to LS. Except for few cases JPS has not provided the fault location system in overseas. Recently the authors achieved to apply the fault location system to Chinese power supply network, by studying and considering to make the system improved to adapt the local material, local telecommunication network, local installation procedure, and so on. This paper describes the fault location system for 220kV overhead power line in China, designed, manufactured and implemented by authors. (6 pages)
Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted molecular therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines (2005)

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and the outcomes of conventional therapy have been far from satisfactory. Recently, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy has been introduced as an alternative therapeutic strategy for highly malignant cancers. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of EGFR in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines, and to explore the potential of therapies targeting EGFR as a new therapeutic approach. EGFR was universally expressed in anaplastic cancer cell lines at a variety of levels. Specific EGFR stimulation with epidermal growth factor showed significant phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, and resulted in marked growth stimulation in an anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line, which highly expressed EGFR. This EGFR-transmitted proliferation effect of the cancer cell line was completely inhibited by gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Moreover, growth of xenografts inoculated in mice was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner with 25-50 mg kg(-1) of gefitinib administrated orally. Inhibition of EGFR-transmitted growth stimulation by gefitinib was clearly observed in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines. Our results suggested that EGFR-targeted therapy, such as gefitinib, might be worth further investigation for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
An ontology-based program comprehension model (2007)

Program comprehension is often regarded as a learning process where programmers actively acquire knowledge from various software artifacts to construct well formed, representative mental models of existing software systems. In this research, we introduce a novel ontology-based program comprehension model that addresses both the challenge of knowledge acquisition and the construction of mental models. Our approach provides ontological support for program comprehension by: 1) representing various software artifacts, including source code and documents as formal ontologies; 2) utilizing ontological reasoning services to allow programmers not only to reason about properties of the software systems, but also to actively acquire and construct new concepts based on their current understanding; and 3) introducing an ontology-based comprehension model and a supporting comprehension methodology that characterize program comprehension as an iterative process of concept recognition and relationship discovery. The research presented in this thesis is significant for several reasons. Firstly, we describe program comprehension as a process of mental ontology construction, which is
Some detersive properties of model straight chain sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates (1965)

Abstract Model long chain sodium ortho and para alkylbenzenesulfonates having primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms attached to the phenyl group have been evaluated for foam, wetting and detergency. The data indicate that the surface active properties of these three classes of compounds which are primarily linear in structure are dependent upon sulfonate position, phenyl position and chain length. Each of these factors contributes to performance. Ortho sulfonates are better wetting agents than para sulfonates but the para compounds generally foam better and appear to have superior detergency properties than their respective ortho isomers. Ortho sulfouate in a detergent composition may have a greater influence on surface active properties than had been heretofore recognized.
Diversity and Functional Analysis of the FeMo-Cofactor Maturase NifB (2017)

One of the main hurdles to engineer nitrogenase in a non-diazotrophic host is achieving NifB activity. NifB is an extremely unstable and oxygen sensitive protein that catalyzes a low-potential SAM-radical dependent reaction. The product of NifB activity is called NifB-co, a complex [8Fe-9S-C] cluster that serves as obligate intermediate in the biosyntheses of the active-site cofactors of all known nitrogenases. Here we study the diversity and phylogeny of naturally occurring NifB proteins, their protein architecture and the functions of the distinct NifB domains in order to understand what defines a catalytically active NifB. Focus is on NifB from the thermophile <i>Chlorobium tepidum</i> (two-domain architecture), the hyperthermophile <i>Methanocaldococcus infernus</i> (single-domain architecture) and the mesophile <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> (two-domain architecture), showing <i>in silico</i> characterization of their nitrogen fixation (<i>nif</i>) gene clusters, conserved NifB motifs, and functionality. <i>C. tepidum</i> and <i>M. infernus</i> NifB were able to complement an <i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i> (Δ<i>nifB</i>) mutant restoring the Nif<sup>+</sup> phenotype and thus demonstrating their functionality <i>in vivo</i>. In addition, purified <i>C. tepidum</i> NifB exhibited activity in the <i>in vitro</i> NifB-dependent nitrogenase reconstitution assay. Intriguingly, changing the two-domain <i>K. oxytoca</i> NifB to single-domain by removal of the C-terminal NifX-like extension resulted in higher <i>in vivo</i> nitrogenase activity, demonstrating that this domain is not required for nitrogen fixation in mesophiles.
Competitive idiotype--anti-idiotype immunoassay for adenosine deaminase binding protein in urine. (1985)

This competitive immunoassay, based on inhibition by antigen of the idiotype-anti-idiotype interaction, detects adenosine deaminase binding protein (ABP), and involves use of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies prepared to a monoclonal antibody specific for ABP. The conditions for this new type of competitive immunoassay are investigated. This competitive immunoassay is as sensitive and reproducible as an earlier described "sandwich"-type immunoassay for ABP (Clin Chem 31: 679-683, 1985). Evaluation of urine samples from normal subjects and from patients showed increased concentrations of ABP in patients with renal disease.
Polyphyletic origins of <i>Brassica napus</i>: new evidence based on organelle and nuclear RFLP analyses (1992)

Accessions representing a range of diversity in Brassica napus and their potential diploid progenitor species were analyzed using nuclear, chloroplast (ct), and mitochondrial (mt) RFLPs. Based on RFLPs of ctDNA and mtDNA, cytoplasmic genomes of the diploid species examined could be classified into four major types, represented by almost all B. rapa, Broccoletto (a specialized form of B. rapa), B. oleracea, and B. montana. Results from phylogenetic analyses of these data suggest that B. montana might be closely related to the prototype that gave rise to both cytoplasms of B. rapa and B. oleracea. The four major types of cytoplasms found in the diploid species were also observed in B. napus accessions. A majority of the cultivated B. napus examined contained a cytoplasm different from those of either B. rapa and B. oleracea. These B. napus accessions (designated M/N cytoplasm type) had the same chloroplast genome as that of B. montana and a unique mitochondrial genome that was somewhat intermediate between those of B. montana and B. rapa. These results strongly support the concept of multiple origins of B. napus and provide the first evidence that most cultivated forms of B. napus were derived from a cross in which a closely related ancestral species of B. rapa and B. oleracea was the maternal donor. Phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear RFLPs clearly separated B. napus accessions having different cytoplasm types, providing further evidence for multiple origins of B. napus. Brassica napus accessions having M/N type cytoplasm were clustered together as three subgroups: one contained oilseed cultivars from Canada, a second contained oilseed cultivars from Europe, and a third contained accessions of rutabaga.Key words: Brassica napus, molecular taxonomy, RFLP, chloroplast, mitochondrion.
SUMMARY OF SUBSONIC-DIFFUSER DATA (1956)

Memorandum presenting a review of the subsonic-diffuser data available in the literature, which is then reduced to certain appropriate performance coefficients and presented as functions of the significant geometric and flow variables. Results regarding total-pressure-loss factor, diffuser effectiveness, recovery of diffuser effectiveness in the tailpipe, inlet speed effects, exit flow distributions, boundary-layer control, and effects of distorted inlet velocity distribution are provided.
Hierarchical GUI test case generation using automated planning (2001)

The widespread use of GUIs for interacting with software is leading to the construction of more and more complex GUIs. With the growing complexity come challenges in testing the correctness of a GUI and its underlying software. We present a new technique to automatically generate test cases for GUIs that exploits planning, a well-developed and used technique in artificial intelligence. Given a set of operators, an initial state, and a goal state, a planner produces a sequence of the operators that will transform the initial state to the goal state. Our test case generation technique enables efficient application of planning by first creating a hierarchical model of a GUI based on its structure. The GUI model consists of hierarchical planning operators representing the possible events in the GUI. The test designer defines the preconditions and effects of the hierarchical operators, which are input into a plan-generation system. The test designer also creates scenarios that represent typical initial and goal states for a GUI user. The planner then generates plans representing sequences of GUI interactions that a user might employ to reach the goal state from the initial state. We implemented our test case generation system, called Planning Assisted Tester for Graphical User Interface Systems (PATHS) and experimentally evaluated its practicality and effectiveness. We describe a prototype implementation of PATHS and report on the results of controlled experiments to generate test cases for Microsoft's WordPad.