gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrically stable sampling for the ICP algorithm (2004)

The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is a widely used method for aligning three-dimensional point sets. The quality of alignment obtained by this algorithm depends heavily on choosing good pairs of corresponding points in the two datasets. If too many points are chosen from featureless regions of the data, the algorithm converges slowly, finds the wrong pose, or even diverges, especially in the presence of noise or miscalibration in the input data. We describe a method for detecting uncertainty in pose, and we propose a point selection strategy for ICP that minimizes this uncertainty by choosing samples that constrain potentially unstable transformations.
High-Power Fiber Lasers for Directed-Energy Applications (2008)

Abstract : High-power fiber lasers can be incoherently combined to form the basis of a high-energy laser system for directed-energy applications. These applications include tactical directed energy and power beaming. Incoherent combining of fiber lasers has a number of advantages over other laser beam combining methods. The incoherently combined laser system is relatively simple, highly efficient, compact, robust, low-maintenance, and reliable. In this article, we characterize the atmospheric propagation of incoherently combined, high optical quality laser beams and compare them with other types of laser beams and combining methods. For tactical directed-energy applications, we find that the propagation efficiency of incoherently combined high optical quality beams is near the theoretical upper limit for any laser system with the same beam director and total power. We present results of the first atmospheric propagation experiments using incoherently combined, kilowatt-class, single-mode fiber lasers. These NRL field experiments combined four fiber lasers using a beam director consisting of individually controlled steering mirrors. The transmitted continuous-wave power was 3 kW at a range of 1.2 km with a demonstrated propagation efficiency of tilde 90% in moderate atmospheric turbulence. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with simulations and theory.
Effect of heat shock on RNA metabolism in HeLa cells (1988)

Incubation of HeLa cells at 42 degrees C results in pronounced inhibition of the accumulation of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and non-heat shock polyadenylated messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cytoplasm. Accumulation of transfer RNA and 5S ribosomal RNA is not affected. Transcription of rRNA precursor is reduced to approximately 50% of the 37 degrees C rate after 10 min of hyperthermia and declines to 30% of the control rate after 1 hr. In contrast, the accumulation of mature rRNA in the cytoplasm is inhibited more than 95%. Quantitative hybridization experiments and Northern blot analysis detect little accumulation of rRNA precursor sequences in nuclei, suggesting that the majority of the rRNA that is synthesized is degraded. Heat stress at 42 degrees C was found to have little effect on transcription of most non-heat shock mRNAs. However, accumulation of individual non-heat shock mRNAs in the cytoplasm proceeds at reduced rates. These results indicate that the primary effect of elevated temperature on RNA metabolism in mammalian cells is inhibition of processing and/or transport. Despite this, steady-state levels of abundant and rapidly turning over mRNA species remain unchanged during prolonged heat stress. We find that the half-life of c-myc mRNA increases greater than twofold at 42 degrees C. Thus, 42 degrees C heat stress appears to inhibit both accumulation and turnover of non-heat shock mRNA.
Automatic detection of subsurface defects in composite materials using thermography and unsupervised machine learning (2016)

This paper presents a complete framework aimed to nondestructive inspection of composite materials. Starting from the acquisition, performed with lock-in thermography, the method flows through a set of consecutive blocks of data processing: input enhancement, feature extraction, classification and defect detection. Experimental results prove the capability of the presented methodology to detect the presence of defects underneath the surface of a calibrated specimen made of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). Results are also compared with those obtained by other techniques, based on different features and unsupervised learning methods. The comparison further proves that the proposed methodology is able to reduce the number of false positives, while ensuring the exact detection of subsurface defects.
Modulation of interleukin 2 internalization and interleukin 2-dependent cell growth by antireceptor antibodies (1991)

The growth factor interleukin 2 (IL2) binds to and is internalized together with high-affinity surface receptors present on lymphoid cells. This endocytosis thus results in down-regulation of the receptors. However, it is not known if the internalization is relevant to the induction of cell growth. In the present study a rat monoclonal antibody to the P55 chain of the IL2 receptor was used to examine the role of receptor internalization in the IL2-dependent autocrine human tumor T cell line IARC 301. When given alone, this antibody did not inhibit IL2 binding, internalization, or IL2-dependent cell proliferation. However, crosslinking by anti-rat immunoglobulins, which did not affect binding of the growth factor, inhibited both IL2 internalization and cell proliferation. Besides offering a novel means for the specific inhibition of the uptake of IL2 bound to IL2 high-affinity receptors, the results are compatible with the association of this receptor-ligand uptake to the growth stimulation by IL2.
Differential response of primary tumor versus lymphatic metastasis to VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 kinase inhibitors cediranib and vandetanib (2008)

Blood vessels are required for a tumor to grow and functional lymphatic vessels are required for it to disseminate to lymph nodes. In an attempt to eradicate both the primary tumor and its lymphatic metastasis, we targeted both blood and lymphatic vessels using two different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): cediranib and vandetanib, which block vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 and -3 in enzymatic assays. We found that although both cediranib and vandetanib slowed the growth rate of primary tumors and reduced blood vessel density, neither agent was able to prevent lymphatic metastasis when given after tumor cells had seeded the lymph node. However, when given during tumor growth, cediranib reduced the diameters of the draining lymphatic vessels, the number of tumor cells arriving in the draining lymph node, and the incidence of lymphatic metastasis. On the other hand, vandetanib had minimal effect on any of these variables, suggesting that vandetanib did not effectively block VEGFR-3 on lymphatic endothelial cells in our animal model. Collectively, these data indicate that the response of lymphatic vessels to a TKI can determine the incidence of lymphatic metastasis, independent of the effect of the TKI on blood vessels.
The ATM Protocol Reference Model (1996)

As with many modern telecommunications technologies, ATM is based upon a number of carefully defined techniques and procedures (protocols) arranged to cope with the task of reliable information transfer across the network. The set of different functions of ATM and the means by which they interact with one another is defined by the ATM protocol reference model. The different functions defined in the various layers of the model each have clearly defined purposes ranging from the control of access to the network, the establishment of connections and the transfer of information, to the detection and correction of network problems. In this chapter we present the ATM protocol reference model, and discuss the various ‘planes’ and ‘layers’(functions) defined by it.
Analysis and Design of RF CMOS Attenuators (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Attenuators are analyzed for their minimum Insertion Loss (IL), maximum attenuation and source-load matching performance. These results are used to make trade-offs in the design of a CMOS attenuator with wide dynamic range, designed and fabricated in a 0.13 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox{m}}$</tex> </formula> CMOS process. The design employs two non-identical cascaded T-stages that are activated consecutively to improve linearity. The design operates in the frequency band of DC-2.5GHz with 0.9–3.5 dB insertion loss and 42 dB maximum attenuation in the entire frequency range. Worst case S11 is <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${- }\hbox{8.2~dB}$</tex></formula> across the frequency band. The design achieves an IIP3 of <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">${+ }\hbox{20~dBm}$</tex></formula> at mid-attenuation. </para>
Synthesis of [60]Fullerene Acetals and Ketals:  Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Aldehydes/Ketones and Alkoxides (2007)

The reaction of C(60) with propionaldehyde (butyraldehyde or phenylacetaldehyde) and MeONa-MeOH or EtONa-EtOH in anhydrous chlorobenzene in the presence of air at room temperature unexpectedly gave rare fullerene acetals 2aa-cb, while the reaction of C(60) with acetone (acetophenone, cyclohexanone, or cyclopentanone) and MeONa-MeOH or EtONa-EtOH under the same conditions afforded the uncommon fullerene ketals 4aa-db. A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of the fullerene acetals and ketals is proposed based on further experimental results.
DBD in burst mode: solution for more efficient CO<sub>2</sub>conversion? (2016)

CO2 conversion into value-added products has gained significant interest over the few last years, as the greenhouse gas concentrations constantly increase due to anthropogenic activities. Here we report on experiments for CO2 conversion by means of a cold atmospheric plasma using a cylindrical flowing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. A detailed comparison of this DBD ignited in a so-called burst mode (i.e. where an AC voltage is applied during a limited amount of time) and pure AC mode is carried out to evaluate their effect on the conversion of CO2 as well as on the energy efficiency. Decreasing the duty cycle in the burst mode from 100% (i.e. corresponding to pure AC mode) to 40% leads to a rise in the conversion from 16--26% and to a rise in the energy efficiency from 15 to 23%. Based on a detailed electrical analysis, we show that the conversion correlates with the features of the microfilaments. Moreover, the root-mean-square voltage in the burst mode remains constant as a function of the process time for the duty cycles \textless{}70%, while a higher duty cycle or the usual pure AC mode leads to a clear voltage decay by more than 500 V, over approximately 90 s, before reaching a steady state regime. The higher plasma voltage in the burst mode yields a higher electric field. This causes the increasing the electron energy, and therefore their involvement in the CO2 dissociation process, which is an additional explanation for the higher CO2 conversion and energy efficiency in the burst mode.
Multi-stream 3D FCN with Multi-scale Deep Supervision for Multi-modality Isointense Infant Brain MR Image Segmentation (2017)

We present a method to address the challenging problem of segmentation of multi-modality isointense infant brain MR images into white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Our method is based on context-guided, multi-stream fully convolutional networks (FCN), which after training, can directly map a whole volumetric data to its volume-wise labels. In order to alleviate the poten-tial gradient vanishing problem during training, we designed multi-scale deep supervision. Furthermore, context infor-mation was used to further improve the performance of our method. Validated on the test data of the MICCAI 2017 Grand Challenge on 6-month infant brain MRI segmentation (iSeg-2017), our method achieved an average Dice Overlap Coefficient of 95.4%, 91.6% and 89.6% for CSF, GM and WM, respectively.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and the future of molecular testing. (1993)

Molecular testing is no longer exotic, distant, or complex. It's moving into your lab and revolutionizing the rapid diagnosis of pathogenic organisms as well as your role as a laboratorian.
A Property of Convex Functions and an Application to Criteria for Univalence (1973)

WedenotebyD the open unit disc. Marx [1] proved that if /(z)=z +S anzn is re=2 analytic and convex in D, then f'(reie), 0<Ir<l, is contained inthe image domain of the closed disc {2; \z\<Lr) under the function (1-2)~2, and it lies for r=^=0 on the boundary of this image domain when and only when /(z) is of the form z(l-ez)1, 1*1=1. If the above convex function f(z) is p-wise symmetric, i.e. /(z) is of the form /(z) = z+ J±ani)+lznP+1, then as is easily seen the function 5(2)= Pc/'C^2)^2 is
Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein 3 reflect spontaneous growth hormone secretion. (1993)

The relationship between 24-h GH secretion, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I serum levels, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels and height was studied in 114 healthy children and adolescents (147 tests). A significant correlation was found between the spontaneous GH secretion expressed as the area under the curve above baseline (AUCb) or the calculated 24-h GH secretion rate (GHb) and IGF-I (n = 147, r = 0.65, or 0.78, respectively, P < 0.001) or IGFBP-3 levels (r = 0.48 or 0.62, P < 0.001). Correlations were also significant within the various subgroups [females (n = 51), males (n = 96), prepubertal children (n = 75), pubertal children (n = 72)]. The slopes of the regression lines of IGF-I levels vs. AUCb or GHb were clearly steeper in pubertal children than in prepubertal ones; this was not as evident with IGFBP-3. In prepubertal children, a significant correlation was found between height (compared to Swedish reference values) standard deviation scores (SDS) and IGF-I SDS (n = 75, r = 0.66, P < 0.001) or IGFBP-3 SDS (r = 0.61, P < 0.001). The reproducibility during repeated testing (19 individuals, 6 prepubertal) was best with IGFBP-3 as compared to AUCb, GHb, or IGF-I which showed considerable variability. The data suggest: 1) that IGF-I and IGFBP-3 serum levels reflect spontaneous GH secretion in healthy individuals; 2) IGF-I levels are more sensitive to GH regulation than IGFBP-3; 3) in puberty, there may be increased sensitivity of IGF-I regulation by GH as compared to the prepubertal stage; 4) short children have low IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels, whereas tall children have high levels, a fact which is likely to contribute to the understanding of height variability in a healthy population; 5) the good reproducibility of IGFBP-3 on repeated testing makes it an interesting parameter for the evaluation of the GH-IGF-axis. IGFBP-3 measurements may substitute for GH profiles in many cases, when the goal is an estimation of the GH secretion rate.
Magneto-electro-mechanical modeling of magnetic actuation systems (2015)

This study presents a new modeling methodology for magnetic actuation systems (MAS) that can be realized on a single simulation platform and is applicable in the majority of present-day simulation tools. The main benefit of the modeling approach is that it significantly reduces the complexity and burden in the design and control of multidisciplinary systems. The method describes the behavior of the system by the physical representation of the individual counterparts. The behavior of an actuator is described by cross-coupled models of the mechanical and the electromagnetic interaction. An extended, non-linear inductor model has been developed, demonstrating the challenging control task of displacement regulation. The MAS model and the individual models have been verified experimentally on a single-axis levitator prototype.
Eye-Tracking Analysis of Near-Term Terminal Automation for Arrival Coordination (2009)

Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), The MITRE Corporation’s Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) developed the Relative Position Indicator (RPI) concept. RPI is an automation concept to aid air traffic controllers in coordinating arrival traffic, reducing the need to vector for spacing during merging operations and, thus, retaining the benefits of Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) procedures. Validation activities involving an RPI research prototype have shown benefits in achieving more efficient merging and spacing of aircraft. Since the RPI concept makes additional information available on the situation display that can be referenced by the controller, an understanding of this information presence upon controller scan behavior was desired. As part of a Human-In-The-Loop (HITL) simulation of Denver operations conducted by CAASD, a comparison of two scenarios was made to evaluate the change in controller attentional allocation , as measured by an eye-tracking capability, when RPI is introduced. The simulated traffic consisted of predominantly RNAV operations and was managed with and without RPI automation. Participants were air traffic control specialists at Denver Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) facility. Given the design of the RPI tool, two behavior changes were anticipated; 1) an increase of time spent scanning the primary flow of a merging flow geometry and 2) an increase of time spent scanning farther ahead or in advance of the merge point location. The eye-tracking analysis provides a preliminary indication that RPI does affect air traffic controller visual scanning patterns. Although the magnitude of change does not seem concerning , additional evaluation should be pursued to understand the impact of this change.
Over-expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in vascular smooth muscle cell of hypertensive rats. (2006)

Extracellular signal transduction system are highly expressed in kidney VSMC of two-kidney one clip WHR and SHR. Phospho-ERKI/2 may play an important role in VSMC hypertrophy and hyperplasia under hypertension.
Development of polyelectrolyte multilayer films and their applications to analytical chemistry (Review). (2001)

高分子電解質を材料とした交互累積膜 (PEM) の作製方法や構造及び物性評価法を概説し, 更にPEMの応用可能性について最近の研究例を中心にして紹介した. PEMは反対電荷を持つ2種類の高分子電解質溶液に基板を浸すだけの簡便な操作で作製できる超薄膜であり, ナノメーターレベルの膜厚を有する. PEMの構造や物性は作製条件 (特に高分子電解質溶液の濃度, イオン強度, pH) により著しい影響を受ける. 機能性PEMを開発するために, 色素, 金属微粒子, DNA, タンパク質, などを含有するPEMの作製と物性が報告されている. PEMは電気泳動用キャピラリーカラムの内壁への被覆による分離特性の制御, パーベパレーションの分離膜としての利用, ガスセンサーや湿度センサーの感応膜, 高分子膜修飾電極への利用, など分析化学領域への応用が広がっている. 光学的な方式によるイオンセンサーとするために, イオン結合性残基を導入したPEMも開発された. タンパク質を含有するPEMは, 免疫センサー, 酵素センサー, バイオリアクター, バイオ燃料電池, などへの利用が検討されている.
Hematocrit and oxygenation dependence of blood <sup>1</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> at 7 tesla (2012)

Knowledge of blood (1)H2O T1 is critical for perfusion-based quantification experiments such as arterial spin labeling and cerebral blood volume-weighted MRI using vascular space occupancy. The dependence of blood (1)H2O T1 on hematocrit fraction (Hct) and oxygen saturation fraction (Y) was determined at 7 T using in vitro bovine blood in a circulating system under physiological conditions. Blood (1)H2O R1 values for different conditions could be readily fitted using a two-compartment (erythrocyte and plasma) model, which are described by a monoexponential longitudinal relaxation rate constant dependence. It was found that T1 = 2171 ± 39 ms for Y = 1 (arterial blood) and 2010 ± 41 ms for Y = 0.6 (venous blood), for a typical Hct of 0.42. The blood (1)H2O T1 values in the normal physiological range (Hct from 0.35 to 0.45, and Y from 0.6 to 1.0) were determined to range from 1900 to 2300 ms. The influence of oxygen partial pressure (pO2) and the effect of plasma osmolality for different anticoagulants were also investigated. It is discussed why blood (1)H2O T1 values measured in vivo for human blood may be about 10-20% larger than found in vitro for bovine blood at the same field strength.
Environmental control by a brain-computer interface (2002)

Locked-in patients, such as those with amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), lose control of their bodies, leaving them unable to perform simple tasks such as speech, locomotion, and the ability to effectively interact with their environment. Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) show promise in allowing these individuals to interact with a computer using EEG. A system was created to allow individuals, via a BCI, to control home appliances and to have the computer articulate pre-selected words. It uses ActiveHome from X10, which can control of a wide variety of home appliances via a computer, and allows tasks such as light dimming, TV channel changing, and turning appliances on and off. The system was evaluated with a set of tasks to measure its ease-of-use, ease-of-learning, rate-of-error, and amount of time the subject required to complete the task.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMPACTION PRESSURE AND DIFFERENT SINTERING ROUTE ON K0.5NA0.5NBO₃ PHYSICAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES (2016)

Alkaline niobate known as K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN), a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic was synthesized via a solid state reaction method. The samples were compacted at different pressures (100, 200, 300 and 400 MPa) and sintered using two different techniques (conventional furnace and hot isostatic pressing (HIP)). The effect of compaction pressure and sintering technique on physical and dielectric properties was studied. The optimum compaction pressure (300 MPa) and sintering via HIP (at 1080C for 30 min) increased the density and grain size ( range 30 -300 nm) and improved its dielectric properties. Therefore, the combination of suitable compaction pressure and sintering technique has produced larger grain size and higher density of KNN which resulted in outstanding dielectric properties. At room temperature, excellent values of r (5517.35) and tan (0.954), recorded at 1 MHz were measured for the KNN300HIP sample with highest density (4.4885 gcm -3 ).
A 60-GHz low-profile, wide-band, and high-gain E-shaped patch array with parasitic patches (2018)

This paper presents a 60-GHz low-profile, wide-band, and high-gain E-shaped patch array with parasitic patches for 60-GHz band. To enhance the bandwidth with low-profile single layer structure, E-shaped patch antenna is applied to form a two resonance frequencies. To increase the antenna gain, parasitic patches are adopted to E-shaped patch array for additional radiation of the antenna array. The height of the antenna is 250um, and the realized gain, 3-dB bandwidth, and impedance bandwidth is 20.2dBi, 20.2%, and 23.7%, respectively.
EPOpt: Learning Robust Neural Network Policies Using Model Ensembles (2016)

Sample complexity and safety are major challenges when learning policies with reinforcement learning for real-world tasks, especially when the policies are represented using rich function approximators like deep neural networks. Model-based methods where the real-world target domain is approximated using a simulated source domain provide an avenue to tackle the above challenges by augmenting real data with simulated data. However, discrepancies between the simulated source domain and the target domain pose a challenge for simulated training. We introduce the EPOpt algorithm, which uses an ensemble of simulated source domains and a form of adversarial training to learn policies that are robust and generalize to a broad range of possible target domains, including unmodeled effects. Further, the probability distribution over source domains in the ensemble can be adapted using data from target domain and approximate Bayesian methods, to progressively make it a better approximation. Thus, learning on a model ensemble, along with source domain adaptation, provides the benefit of both robustness and learning/adaptation.