gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pipeline Inspection With the High Resolution EMAT ILI-Tool: Report on Full-Scale Testing and Field Trials (2006)

In succession of a research project to develop an EMAT in-line inspection technology for the detection of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and disbonded coating, a 16” EMAT inspection tool was manufactured and tested. This 16” EMAT Crack Detection (ECD) Tool establishes a new high-resolution approach to effective and accurate crack inspection technology especially for gas lines. The performance of this tool was tested on several pipe samples containing natural SCC as well as artifical anomalies and laminations. Furthermore, a field test is currently being conducted, which will detail the tools performance under operational conditions. The new technology will be compared to the results from the established Magnetic Flux Leakage inspection (MFL) technology. EMAT inspection technology, originally designed for detection of SCC, is also sensitive to areas of disbonded coating, other crack-like features, and anomalies like gouging and channeling. To distinguish the different types of pipeline threats, a qualitative defect sizing process is under development incorporating the EMAT data and the information from the other in-line inspection technologies. Following an introduction into EMAT guided wave theory, data from a series of full-scale tests obtained with 34” prototype sensors and the complete 16” ILI-EMAT tool, will be presented. The inspection tool itself, as well as the process for evaluating the recorded data, are undergoing continuous improvements. This paper will discuss the development status of these technologies.
Characterization of Inner and Outer Membrane Proteins from <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Strains LVS and Schu S4 and Identification of Potential Subunit Vaccine Candidates (2017)

ABSTRACT Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and a potential bioterrorism agent. In the present study, we isolated, identified, and quantified the proteins present in the membranes of the virulent type A strain, Schu S4, and the attenuated type B strain, LVS (live vaccine strain). Spectral counting of mass spectrometric data showed enrichment for membrane proteins in both strains. Mice vaccinated with whole LVS membranes encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing the adjuvant polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I·C)] showed significant protection against a challenge with LVS compared to the results seen with naive mice or mice vaccinated with either membranes or poly(I·C) alone. The PLGA-encapsulated Schu S4 membranes with poly(I·C) alone did not significantly protect mice from a lethal intraperitoneal challenge with Schu S4; however, this vaccination strategy provided protection from LVS challenge. Mice that received the encapsulated Schu S4 membranes followed by a booster of LVS bacteria showed significant protection with respect to a lethal Schu S4 challenge compared to control mice. Western blot analyses of the sera from the Schu S4-vaccinated mice that received an LVS booster showed four immunoreactive bands. One of these bands from the corresponding one-dimensional (1D) SDS-PAGE experiment represented capsule. The remaining bands were excised, digested with trypsin, and analyzed using mass spectrometry. The most abundant proteins present in these immunoreactive samples were an outer membrane OmpA-like protein, FopA; the type IV pilus fiber building block protein; a hypothetical membrane protein; and lipoproteins LpnA and Lpp3. These proteins should serve as potential targets for future recombinant protein vaccination studies. IMPORTANCE The low infectious dose, the high potential mortality/morbidity rates, and the ability to be disseminated as an aerosol make Francisella tularensis a potential agent for bioterrorism. These characteristics led the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to classify F. tularensis as a Tier 1 pathogen. Currently, there is no vaccine approved for general use in the United States.
Organic Chemistry for Structural Biology: Probing the Functional Structure of Proteins by Photoaffinity Labeling. (1998)

Based on the recent development of recombinant techniques, the investigation of biofunctional machinery at their ligand accepting interfaces has become a challenging and important subject of organic chemistry in the oncoming new century. Three major approaches currently used for structural biology have their own advantages and limitations. Spectroscopic methods are useful for analyzing ligand-receptor interactions at the atomic level. These approaches, however, usually require a significant amount of stable and pure proteins. Protein engineering based on gene technologies provides a series of mutants for the structural analysis of functional sites. One prerequisite for the use of this methods is that the mutants must, to a large extent, retain the conformation of the native receptors. Photoaffinity labeling, one of the third independent approach, has become increasingly appreciated as a powerful chemical methodology for the detailed structural analysis of ligand binding domains. The technique of photoaffinity labeling is a reliable chemical method which should be considered as being complementary to, rather than in competition with, the other two approaches. This review is focusing the recent application of photoaffinity labeling for probing the functional structure of ion channels, receptors, and enzymes.
H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2011)

Increasing evidence implicates hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an intracellular and intercellular signaling molecule that can influence processes from embryonic development to cell death. Most research has focused on relatively slow signaling, on the order of minutes to days, via second messenger cascades. However, H(2)O(2) can also mediate subsecond signaling via ion channel activation. This rapid signaling has been examined most thoroughly in the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway, which plays a key role in facilitating movement mediated by the basal ganglia. In DA neurons of the substantia nigra, endogenously generated H(2)O(2) activates ATP-sensitive K(+) (K-ATP) channels that inhibit DA neuron firing. In the striatum, H(2)O(2) generated downstream from glutamatergic AMPA receptor activation in medium spiny neurons acts as a diffusible messenger that inhibits axonal DA release, also via K-ATP channels. The source of dynamically generated H(2)O(2) is mitochondrial respiration; thus, H(2)O(2) provides a novel link between activity and metabolism via K-ATP channels. Additional targets of H(2)O(2) include transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of H(2)O(2) acting via K-ATP channels, TRP channel activation is excitatory. This review describes emerging roles of H(2)O(2) as a signaling agent in the nigrostriatal pathway and basal ganglia neurons.
The unconventional myosin-VIIa associates with lysosomes (2005)

Mutations in the myosin-VIIa (MYO7a) gene cause human Usher disease, characterized by hearing impairment and progressive retinal degeneration. In the retina, myosin-VIIa is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium, where it plays a role in the positioning of melanosomes and other digestion organelles. Using a human cultured retinal pigmented epithelia cell line, ARPE-19, as a model system, we have found that a population of myosin-VIIa is associated with cathepsin D- and Rab7-positive lysosomes. Association of myosin-VIIa with lysosomes was Rab7 independent, as dominant negative and dominant active versions of Rab7 did not disrupt myosin-VIIa recruitment to lysosomes. Association of myosin-VIIa with lysosomes was also independent of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Myosin-VIIa copurified with lysosomes on density gradients, and fractionation and extraction experiments suggested that it was tightly associated with the lysosome surface. These studies suggest that myosin-VIIa is a lysosome motor.
Ranking user-created contents by search user's inclination in online communities (2009)

Searching posts effectively has become an important issue in large-scale online communities. Especially, if search users have different inclinations when they search posts, they have different kinds of posts in their minds. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a scheme of ranking posts based on search users' inclination. User ranking score is employed to capture posts that are relevant to a specific user inclination. Specifically, we present a scheme to rank posts in terms of user expertise and popularity. Experimental results show that different user inclinations can produce quite different search results and the proposed scheme achieves about 70% accuracy.
Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis (1988)

The methylation steps in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine by tissue culture preparations of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and soybean (Glycine max), and by soybean leaf discs, have been studied. Preparations were incubated with tracer concentrations of l-[(3)H(3)C]methionine and the kinetics of appearance of radioactivity in phosphomethylethanolamine, phosphodimethylethanolamine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, methylethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, and choline followed at short incubation times. With soybean (tissue culture or leaves), an initial methylation utilizes phosphoethanolamine as substrate, forming phosphomethylethanolamine. The latter is converted to phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, which is successively methylated to phosphatidyldimethyethanolamine and to phosphatidylcholine. With carrot, again, an initial methylation is of phosphoethanolamine. Subsequent methylations occur at both the phospho-base and phosphatidyl-base levels. Both of these patterns differ qualitatively from that previously demonstrated in Lemna (SH Mudd, AH Datko 1986 Plant Physiol 82: 126-135) in which all three methylations occur at the phospho-base level. For soybean and carrot, some added contribution from initial methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine has not been excluded. These results, together with those from similar experiments carried out with water-stressed barley leaves (WD Hitz, D Rhodes, AD Hanson 1981 Plant Physiol 68: 814-822) and salinized sugarbeet leaves (AD Hanson, D Rhodes 1983 Plant Physiol 71: 692-700) suggest that in higher plants some, perhaps all, phosphatidylcholine synthesis occurs via a common committing step (conversion of phosphoethanolamine to phosphomethylethanolamine) followed by a methylation pattern which differs from plant to plant.
Principles of therapeutic liver repopulation (2006)

Liver repopulation by transplanted hepatocytes is a promising approach for many inborn errors of metabolism. In this review, examples of liver repopulation in animals and the implications of these models for clinical cell transplantation will be discussed.
Quantitative Bacillary Response to Treatment in HIV-associated Pulmonary Tuberculosis (1993)

A group of 122 patients with culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis were recruited to examine the concentrations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum and the relationship to HIV-1 antibody status. They were followed for up to 28 days from the start of antituberculous chemotherapy to assess the early bacillary response to two chemotherapeutic regimens. Of 67 treated with streptomycin, thiacetazone, and isoniazid 17 were HIV positive, and subsequently 55, of whom 20 were HIV positive, were treated with streptomycin, rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. The mean initial concentration of M. tuberculosis in the sputum of the HIV-negative patients was significantly higher than in HIV-positive patients (6.95 and 6.34 log colony-forming units respectively; p = 0.019). The HIV-positive patients had less radiologic evidence of disease and significantly fewer zones of lung affected with cavities. The response to treatment was similar, but with HIV-positive patients more likely to become culture negative by 28 days. The differences that exist between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients are minor, and standard regimens are at least as effective in HIV-positive patients in the first month of treatment.
A Study on the Free Surface Vortex in the Pipe System (1992)

During mid-loop operation of Nuclear Power Plant, to prevent the Decay Heat Removal System (DHRS) from failure due to air entrainment of free surface vortex in the piping system, a set of simulating experiments was performed. Through these experiments, a relation between the non-dimensionalized numbers, such as H/d, Froude number, Reynolds number, was found. It was also found that the perturbation of the system by the disturbance such as pump start, valve operation, etc., has a strong effect on the free surface vortex. Furthermore, from viewpoint of reactor safety, a modified inlet device which is reducer type is strongly recommended for the prevention of air entrainment into DHRS
A NOTE ON PODOCONIS MEGASPERMA BOEDIJN (1975)

The lectotype specimen of Podoeonis megasperma is selected and this species is reclassified as Exosporium megaspermum (Boedijn) Rifai, a newly proposed combination.An illustrated redescription is presented.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Like Toxins U2 and V, Two New Staphylococcal Superantigens Arising from Recombination within the Enterotoxin Gene Cluster (2006)

To test the hypothesis that the Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) can generate new enterotoxin genes by recombination, we analyzed the egc locus in a broad panel of 666 clinical isolates of S. aureus. egc was present in 63% of isolates, confirming its high prevalence. The archetypal organization of the egc locus, consisting of five enterotoxin genes plus two pseudogenes, was found in 409 of 421 egc-positive strains. The egc locus was incomplete in a few strains and occasionally harbored an insertion sequence and transposase genes. These strains may represent evolutionary intermediates of the egc locus. One strain with an atypical egc locus produced two new enterotoxins, designated SElV and SElU2, generated by (i) recombination between selm and sei, producing selv, and (ii) a limited deletion in the varphient1-varphient2 pseudogenes, producing selu2. Recombinant SElV and SElU2 had superantigen activity, as they specifically activated the T-cell families Vbeta 6, Vbeta 18, and Vbeta 21 (SElV) and Vbeta 13.2 and Vbeta 14 (SElU2). Immunoscope analysis showed a Gaussian CDR3 size distribution of T-cell receptor Vbeta chain junctional transcripts of expanded Vbeta subsets in toxin-stimulated cultures, reflecting a high level of polyclonality. These data show that egc is indeed capable of generating new superantigen genes through recombination.
Low-power/low-swing domino CMOS logic (2002)

A new low-power domino CMOS logic is introduced. Its power characteristics are based on a low voltage swing technique. The output inverter of the domino gate is modified in order to reduce its output voltage swing. This results in dynamic power dissipation saving up to 36% and improvement in the power-delay product. A technique for creating changeable values of the voltage swing is used achieving various trade-off between power savings and speed. Experimental results clearly show the validity of the proposed technique for low-power operation.
Integrated Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in Converged Passive Optical Networks and IEEE 802.16 Networks (2010)

IEEE 802.16 and Passive Optical Network (PON) are two promising broadband access technologies for high-capacity wireless access networks and wired access networks, respectively. The convergence of 802.16 and PON networks can take the mobility feature of wireless communications and the bandwidth advantage of optical networks jointly. Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) plays an important role in each of these two networks for QoS assurance. In converged 802.16 and PON networks, the integration of the DBA schemes in both networks plays an even more critical role, since bandwidth request/grant mechanisms used in 802.16 and PON are different and the performance of the integrated DBA directly determines the overall system performance. In this paper, we investigate integrated dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes and their signaling overhead. First, this paper starts with discussing the converged network architecture and especially the issues on integrating optical network unit (ONU) and 802.16 base station (BS). Second, it proposes a slotted DBA (S-DBA) scheme and its performance analytic model. The S-DBA scheme takes into account the specific features of the converged network, aiming to reduce signaling overhead caused by cascaded bandwidth requests and grants. The simulation results show that the proposed S-DBA scheme can effectively reduce signaling overhead and increase channel utilization.
The Terracotta Figurines (1933)

Dorothy Burr, The Terracotta Figurines, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 2, No. 2, The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: First Report (1933), pp. 184-194
Capital v. Labor: Who Wins and Who Loses Under the Immigration Act of 1990? (1992)

Human labor, whether directly exercised or stored in such products as tools, machinery, or domesticated animals, represents the sole resource of humanity in confronting nature.Thus for humans in society, labor power is a special category, separate and inexchangeable with any other, simply because it is human. 1
The Chloride Channel Inhibitor NS3736 Prevents Bone Resorption in Ovariectomized Rats Without Changing Bone Formation (2004)

In conclusion, we show for the first time that chloride channel inhibitors can be used for prevention of ovariectomy-induced bone loss without impeding bone formation. We speculate that the coupling of bone resorption to bone formation is linked to the acidification of the resorption lacunae, thereby enabling compounds that directly interfere with this process to be able to positive uncouple this process resulting in a net bone gain.
Co-synthesis of a configurable SoC platform based on a network on chip architecture (2006)

The constant increase of gate capacity and performance of configurable hardware chips made it possible to implement systems-on-chip (SoC) able to tackle the demanding requirements of many embedded systems. In this paper, we propose an approach to the design space exploration of a configurable SoC (CSoC) platform based on a network on chip (NoC) architecture for the execution of dataflow dominated embedded systems. The approach has been validated with the design of a color image compression algorithm in an FPGA.
Neuroanatomical correlates of therapeutic efficacy of low‐frequency right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment‐resistant depression (2011)

The antidepressant effects of LFRS in treatment-resistant depression may be associated with decreases in rCBF in the orbitofrontal cortex and the subgenual cingulate cortex via the right prefrontal cortex.
Dose-Response Relationship of Ramipril in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension (1991)

The dose-response relationship of ramipril was examined in 216 subjects with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Ramipril capsules (1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg) or placebo capsules were administered once daily for 12 weeks. Significant reductions in supine and standing diastolic and systolic blood pressures were seen at end point in the ramipril 2.5, 5, and 10 mg treatment groups compared with placebo. The antihypertensive effect was greater at higher doses. The minimum effective dose of ramipril was 2.5 mg once daily.
Effects of β<sub>3</sub>‐adrenoceptor stimulation on prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>–induced bladder hyperactivity and on the cardiovascular system in conscious rats (2002)

The present results clearly demonstrated that the beta(3)-AR agonist prolonged the micturition interval without producing significant cardiovascular side effects. The human detrusor, like the rat detrusor, relaxes on beta(3)-AR stimulation. Provided that these results are valid in humans, selective beta(3)-AR agonists might be clinically useful for controlling a certain type of bladder overactivity.
Changes in Muscle Protein Synthesis Following Resistance Exercise (1991)

In order to gain better insight into the possible mechanisms that influence resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy, two groups of subjects were examined for changes in muscle protein synthesis, and protein, total RNA, and DNA content 4 (group A) and 24 (group B) hours following an isolated bout of unilateral elbow flexor resistance training. Subjects trained one arm by performing 3 different biceps exercises consisting of 4 sets of 6-12 repetitions to failure while the contralateral arm served as a control. Both groups received a primed-constant infusion of L-[1-¹³C] leucine (group A infused 0.68h post-exercise for 5.4h; group B infused 20.41h post:-exercise for 6.38h) and muscle protein synthesis was determined by the increment in L-[1-¹³C] leucine abundance in muscle biopsy samples relative to the mean plasma α-KIC enrichment at isotopic plateau. Protein, total RNA, and DNA were~ determined with standard methods and RNA capacity (total RNA (ug)/protein (ug)) and RNA activity (ug protein synthesized/hour/ug RNA) were calculated to assess changes in gene transcription and translation. Possible muscle damage was assessed by changes between pre and 15 minute post-exercise maximal voluntary elbow flexor torque (measured at 30°/S and 180°/S) and by 22 hour post-exercise changes in serum CK activity (assessed in group B only). Both groups had significantly elevated muscle protein synthetic rates (group A 43% ↑; group B 80% ↑) and RNA activities (group A 25% ↑ ; group B 89% ↑) in the exercised biceps compared to the control biceps. In addition, post-exercise torque declined by 22% at 30°/S and by 24% at 180°/S and mean serum CK activity increased by 35% in group B. It is concluded that an intense bout of resistance training stimulates increases in muscle protein synthesis 4 and 24 hours post-exercise. The elevations in muscle protein synthesis of the exercised arm are probably related to increases in translation with contractile protein damage being one possible signal for increasing protein synthetic rates.
The Madness of Microbiome: Attempting To Find Consensus “Best Practice” for 16S Microbiome Studies (2018)

The development and continuous improvement of high-throughput sequencing platforms have stimulated interest in the study of complex microbial communities. Currently, the most popular sequencing approach to study microbial community composition and dynamics is targeted 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. To prepare samples for sequencing, there are a variety of processing steps, each with the potential to introduce bias at the data analysis stage. In this short review, key information from the literature pertaining to each processing step is described, and consequently, general recommendations for future 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding experiments are made.
Information theoretic analysis of multiple-antenna transmission diversity (1997)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.
A Bayesian Approach to Optimal Sensor Placement (1990)

By "intelligently" locating a sensor with respect to its envi ronment, it is possible to minimize the number of sensing operations required to perform many tasks. This is particu larly important for sensing media, such as tactile sensors and sonar, that provide only "sparse" data. In this paper, a sys tem is described that uses the principles of statistical decision theory to determine the optimal sensing locations for per forming recognition and localization operations. The system uses a Bayesian approach to utilize any prior object informa tion (including object models or previously acquired sensory data) in choosing the sensing locations.