gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Sexually Transmitted Infection-Causing Serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis Using Blasticidin for Selection (2013)

Plasmid-free Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 organisms have been transformed with chlamydial plasmid-based shuttle vectors pGFP::SW2 and pBRCT using β-lactamase as a selectable marker. However, the recommendation of amoxicillin, a β-lactam antibiotics, as one of the choices for treating pregnant women with cervicitis due to C. trachomatis infection has made the existing shuttle vectors unsuitable for transforming sexually transmitted infection (STI)-causing serovars of C. trachomatis. Thus, in the current study, we modified the pGFP::SW2 plasmid by fusing a blasticidin S deaminase gene to the GFP gene to establish blasticidin resistance as a selectable marker and replacing the β-lactamase gene with the Sh ble gene to eliminate the penicillin resistance. The new vector termed pGFPBSD/Z::SW2 was used for transforming plasmid-free C. trachomatis serovar D organisms. Using blasticidin for selection, stable transformants were obtained. The GFP-BSD fusion protein was detected in cultures infected with the pGFPBSD/Z::SW2-trasnformed serovar D organisms. The transformation restored the plasmid property to the plasmid-free serovar D organisms. Thus, we have successfully modified the pGFP::SW2 transformation system for studying the biology and pathogenesis of other STI-causing serovars of C. trachomatis.
The water gas shift reaction: homogeneous catalysis by ruthenium and other metal carbonyls (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe water gas shift reaction: homogeneous catalysis by ruthenium and other metal carbonylsPeter C. FordCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1981, 14, 2, 31–37Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00062a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00062a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1424Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 inhibits the CD23 gene expression by human peripheral blood monocytes. (1990)

A biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, and a leukocyte surface molecule, CD23, play important roles in immune regulation. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the CD23 gene expression was examined in this study. The results show that 1,25(OH)2D3 suppresses spontaneous and IL-4-stimulated CD23 synthesis by peripheral blood monocytes. The inhibition occurs at both the protein and mRNA levels. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 has no inhibitory effect on CD23 production by either resting or activated tonsillar B cells. Our results suggest a possible role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the regulation of certain immune and inflammatory responses via its effect on CD23 production.
Effect of the structure of silane‐coupling agent on dynamic mechanical properties of dental resin‐nanocomposites (2008)

Abstract This work was aimed at the study by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of dental composites consisted of a Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA (50/50 wt/wt) matrix and silica nanoparticles (Aerosil OX50) as filler, silanized with various silanes. The silanes used were 3‐[(1,3(2)‐dimethacryloyloxypropyl)‐2 (3)‐oxycarbonylamido] propyltriethoxy‐silane (UDMS), 3‐methacryloxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane (MPS), octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS), blends of UDMS/OTMS (50/50 wt/wt), or MPS/OTMS (50/50 wt/wt). The total amount of silane was kept constant at 10% by weight fraction relative to the filler weight. The silanized nanoparticles were mixed with the dimethacrylate matrix (60% filler by weight fraction). The composites were light cured and tested by DMA for the determination of storage modulus ( E ′), loss modulus ( E ″), tangent delta (tan δ), and glass transition temperature ( T g ). Measurements were performed in samples immediately after curing and samples stored in water at 37°C for 1, 7, 30, or 120 days. OTMS‐composite in which OTMS does not form covalent bond with the dimethacrylate matrix showed lower elastic modulus both in dry and wet conditions. The ability of bifunctional UDMS for crosslinking was found not to increase the elastic behavior of the composite, as it was expected, compared with that of MPS‐composite, because of the high amount of the silane used. After immersion in water the elastic modulus of OTMS‐composite remained constant, while that of the other composites increased after 1 day and then remained constant up to 120 days. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A Mixed-Potential Gas Sensor Using a SrCe[sub 0.95]Yb[sub 0.05]O[sub 3−α] Electrolyte with a Platinum Electrode for Detection of Hydrocarbons (2001)

Mixed-potential type sensors using different ion conducting electrolytes with a Pt working electrode have been fabricated to investigate a relationship between the sensing properties for hydrocarbons and ion conduction in the electrolyte under oxidizing conditions at 600°C. There was an increase in the mixed potential for propene with increasing proton conduction or decreasing oxide ion conduction. The sensor using a electrolyte showed an enhanced mixed potential for C1-C4 hydrocarbons by increasing the carbon number, unsaturating the C-C linkage, and branching the chain structure. In addition, this sensor barely showed the mixed potential for hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen monoxide. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Characteristics of the alula in relation to wing and body size in the Laridae and Sternidae (2016)

The alula is a small structure present on the leading edge of bird wings and is known to enhance lift by creating a small vortex at its tip. Alula size vary among birds, but how this variation is associated with the function of the alula remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the size and shape of the alula and the features of the wing in the Laridae and Sternidae. Laridae birds have generally longer wings and greater loadings than Sternidae birds. The two families differed in the relationships between body size or wing length and the size or shape of the alula. In the Laridae, the aspect ratio of the alula was smaller in the species that have relatively longer wings, but the pattern was opposite in the Sternidae. The aspect ratio of the alula was greater in the species that are relatively heavier in the Sternidae but not in the Laridae. Combined, these results suggest that the species with high loading potential and long wings exhibit long alula. We hypothesize that heavier species may benefit from having longer alula if they perform flights with higher attack angles than lighter species, as longer alula would better suppress flow separation at higher attack angles. Our results suggest that the size and shape of the alula can be explained in one allometric landscape defined by wing length and loading in these two closely related families of birds with similar wing shapes.
Segmentation of high-resolution ECGs using hidden Markov models (1993)

Accurate determination of the offset and onset of QRS complexes in a high-resolution electrocardiogram (ECG) is required for time-domain detection of late potentials. Late potentials are usually detected by applying a threshold algorithm to a signal-averaged and filtered QRS complex. Adaptive filtering algorithms have made it possible to attempt beat-to-beat analysis of late potentials but the standard threshold algorithm used for signal-average ECGs yield inconsistent endpoint detection. A new algorithm which uses hidden Markov modeling to represent the transitions between the QRS complex and surrounding isoelectric regions is shown to provide consistent QRS boundary detection despite variations in noise level in the range of 0-1 mu V. For 74 high-resolution ECGs analyzed, the mean standard deviation of the QRS offset point was reduced from 11 to 2 ms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A NETWORK-BASED APPROACH TO MINING COMPETITOR RELATIONSHIPS FROM ONLINE NEWS (2009)

Identifying competitors for an individual company or a group of companies is important for businesses. Although people can consult paid company profile resources such as Hooverâs and Mergent, these sources are incomplete in company relationship coverage. We present an approach that uses graph-theoretic measures and machine learning techniques to achieve automated discovery of competitor relationships on the basis of structure of an intercompany network derived from company citations (cooccurrence) in online news articles. We also estimate to what extent our approach could extend the competitor relationships available from the data sources, Hooverâs and Mergent.
Diamond transistor performance and fabrication (1991)

The author reviews some of the device properties of diamonds, as well as recently developed diamond device fabrication techniques for high-frequency, high-power transistors. Two advantages of diamond over other semiconductors used for high-frequency, high power devices are its high thermal conductivity and high electric-field breakdown. Homoepitaxial diamond has been grown by both plasma and hot-filament techniques. The device properties of homoepitaxial diamond produced by the hot-filament technique are reviewed. Much of the development necessary for the production of diamond devices already exists. Doping by homoepitaxy, diamond etching, device quality SiO/sub 2/-diamond interface, and ohmic contact technology are reviewed. The remaining problems are the development of large area single crystal diamond substrates, improvement of doping techniques, and refinement in ohmic contact technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation and Characterization of an Endonuclease from Escherichia coli Specific for Ribonucleic Acid in Ribonucleic Acid·Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybrid Structures (1973)

A ribonuclease which degrades RNA specifically in RNA·DNA hybrid structures has been purified 1500-fold from Escherichia coli B and 200-fold from E. coli strain D110 pol A1, endo I-, thy-). For maximal activity, the enzyme requires Mg2+ and the presence of a sulfhydryl reagent. The enzyme is capable of digesting more than 95% of the RNA in RNA·DNA hybrids to acid-soluble products. The products are oligonucleotides with 5′-phosphate and 3′-hydroxyl termini. The enzyme acts as an endonuclease and does not require free 3′ or 5′ termini for activity. However, it cannot cleave the phosphodiester bond covalently linking ribonucleotides to DNA. With circular single stranded DNA templates deoxynucleotide incorporation catalyzed by DNA polymerase II is dependent on RNA synthesis. This reaction can be stimulated by RNase H. During these studies an additional ribonuclease H activity was detected in E. coli B and purified 160-fold. Unlike RNase H, this activity is N-ethylmaleimide-resistant and sensitive to antiserum prepared against DNA polymerase I and attacks [3′-3H,5′-32P]poly(A)·poly(dT) in the 5′ → 3′ direction.
Electrophysiological Prognostication and Brain Injury from Cardiac Arrest (2006)

Anoxic coma after cardiorespiratory arrest warrants precocious investigation to establish probable outcome. Electroencephalogram (EEG) may uncover subclinical seizures; EEG grades have provided accurate prognosis of poor and favorable outcomes, but are weakest in those patients in between. Somatosensory evoked potentials now have proven benefit in accurately establishing a poor outcome (death or persistent vegetative state) when cortical responses (N20) are absent. These studies are particularly helpful when clinical examination of coma, early on, might yield uncertain prognosis (i.e., when brain stem reflexes are present). Combining clinical examination with electrophysiology has increasingly yielded multimodality approaches to early prognostication of coma after cardiorespiratory arrest, with more recent studies using event-related and middle-latency potentials showing promise for distinguishing good outcome (to consciousness), from awake but vegetative states. Further studies are warranted for this multimodality approach which, hopefully, may yield more widespread practical use of these testing modalities.
Ultrastable Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Suppression of Leakage Current and Exciton Quenching Processes (2016)

A study of hybrid inverted quantum-dot (QD) light-emitting diodes constructed with and without Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interlayers is presented. The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interlayers are deposited at ZnO/QDs or/and QDs/4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl interfaces, resulting in large improvement of device performance, including luminance, current efficiency, and device lifetime. Especially, the devices with QD emitters sandwiched by two Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layers exhibits outstanding performance, the longest operation lifetime, and mediate efficiency. The maximum current efficiency of 15.3 cd/A is obtained, an enhancement factor of 35% in comparison to that (11.3 cd/A) of conventional device without Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer. Moreover, device lifetime is also largely enhanced, over 110 000 h for the device containing two Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interlayers, nearly 40% enhancement relative to that of conventional device that shows a lifetime of only 80 000 h. On the basis of electrical property and photoluminescence spectroscopy studies, we demonstrate that the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interlayers play crucial roles in suppressing the leakage current across the device and reducing exciton quenching induced by ZnO.
An Introduction to Radar Absorbent Materials (RAM) (1986)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:7597.242(RSRE-R--85016) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Sequence Analysis of Functional Regions of Homoserine Dehydrogenase Genes from<scp>l</scp>-Lysine and<scp>l</scp>-Threonine-producing Mutants of<i>Brevibacterium lactofermentum</i> (1997)

The homoserine dehydrogenase (HD) genes from Brevibacterium lactofermentum lysine- and threonine-producing mutants were cloned, using the polymerase chain reaction, and sequenced. We found the amino acid substitutions, Val104Ile in the lysine-producing mutants in which HD may cause leaky mutation and Ser393Phe in the threonine-producing mutant with feedback-insensitive HD.
Prospective optical electroactive polymers (2003)

This paper summarizes some of the work done to investigate the environmental stability, optical properties and electroactive response of a polyethylene glycol diepoxypropyl ether (n9)(PEGDE) polymer, acrylic elastomer and polyurethane. The first one confirms piezoelectricity; however it is not suitable for optical applications due to color instability and loss of transparency with various environmental conditions; the second confirms electrostriction with
good transparency, while the polyurethane behaves with smaller mixed piezoelectric-electrostrictive response. The acrylic elastomer has demonstrated chemical stability with good optical properties for various environmental conditions
Digital filter structures described by distributed arithmetic (1977)

This paper presents a new formulation of digital filters that combines the description of signal-processing and arithmetic operations. This is done by noting that multiplication is a form of convolution and therefore normal one-dimensional scalar convolution is in fact two-dimensional binary convolution. This is generalized to multidimensions and can be applied with table-look-up and transform techniques. The result is a unified description that describes a digital filter structure down to the bit level.
CD24: A Rheostat That Modulates Cell Surface Receptor Signaling of Diverse Receptors (2016)

OPINION article Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 27 December 2016Sec. Signaling Volume 4 - 2016 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2016.00146
Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of Synthetic Versus Acquired High b‐Value (1500 s/mm<sup>2</sup>) Diffusion‐Weighted MRI in Women With Breast Cancers (2018)

3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:857-863.
Rapid Thermal Scanning for Dopant Activation for Advanced Junction Technology (2007)

Rapid thermal scanning for activation of dopants is proposed for applications in advanced junction formation. The proposed rapid thermal scanning dopant activation technique was found to be very effective for both deep and shallow implanted junctions while providing enhanced activation parameter control capability.
Characterization of Helicobacter pylori urease mutants (1992)

The association between Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, and peptic ulcer is well established, and the association of infection with gastric cancer has been noted in several developing countries. However, the pathogenic mechanism(s) leading to disease states has not been elucidated. The H. pylori urease is thought to be a determinant of pathogenicity, since the enzyme is produced by all H. pylori clinical isolates. Evidence indicates that some H. pylori strains are more cytotoxic than others, with a correlation between the activity of the urease and the presence of a vacuolating cytotoxin having been made. However, the number of cytotoxins remains unknown at this time. The relationship between the urease and cytotoxicity has previously been examined with chemical inhibitors. To examine the role of the urease and its relationship to cytotoxicity, urease-deficient mutants were produced following ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of H. pylori 87A300. Two mutants (the ure1 and ure5 mutants) which were entirely deficient in urease activity (Ure-) were selected. Characterization of the isolates at the protein level showed that the urease subunits lacked the ability to complex and form the active urease enzyme. The ure1 mutant was shown to be sensitive to the effects of low pH in vitro and exhibited no cytotoxicity to eucaryotic cells, whereas the parental strain (Ure+) produced a cytotoxic effect in the presence of urea. Interaction between the H. pylori Ure+ and Ure- strains and Caco-2 cells appeared to be similar in that both bacterial types elicited pedestal formation and actin condensation. These results indicate that the H. pylori urease may have many functions, among them (i) protecting H. pylori against the acidic environment of the stomach, (ii) acting as a cytotoxin, with human gastric cells especially susceptible to its activity, and (iii) disrupting cell tight junctions in such a manner that the cells remain viable but an ionic flow between the cells occurs.
Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study (2009)

Increasing evidence points to an important role for hemozoin (HZ), the malaria pigment, in the immunopathology related to this infection. However, there is no consensus as to whether HZ exerts its immunostimulatory activity in absence of other parasite or host components. Contamination of native HZ preparations and the lack of a unified protocol to produce crystals that mimic those of Plasmodium HZ (PHZ) are major technical limitants when performing functional studies with HZ. In fact, the most commonly used methods generate a heterogeneous nanocrystalline material. Thus, it is likely that such aggregates do not resemble to PHZ and differ in their inflammatory properties. To address this issue, the present study was designed to establish whether synthetic HZ (sHZ) crystals produced by different methods vary in their morphology and in their ability to activate immune responses. We report a new method of HZ synthesis (the precise aqueous acid-catalyzed method) that yields homogeneous sHZ crystals (Plasmodium-like HZ) which are very similar to PHZ in their size and physicochemical properties. Importantly, these crystals are devoid of protein and DNA contamination. Of interest, structure-function studies revealed that the size and shape of the synthetic crystals influences their ability to activate inflammatory responses (e.g. nitric oxide, chemokine and cytokine mRNA) in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our data confirm that sHZ possesses immunostimulatory properties and underline the importance of verifying by electron microscopy both the morphology and homogeneity of the synthetic crystals to ensure that they closely resemble those of the parasite. Periodic quality control experiments and unification of the method of HZ synthesis are key steps to unravel the role of HZ in malaria immunopathology.
Mechanism of Chaperone Function in Small Heat Shock Proteins (2002)

To elucidate the mechanism of alphaA-crystallin chaperone function, a detailed thermodynamic analysis of its binding to destabilized, site-directed mutants of T4 lysozyme was carried out. The selected mutants form a ladder of stabilities spanning the 5-10 kcal/mol range of free energy of unfolding. The crystal structures of the majority of the mutants have been previously determined and found to be similar to that of the wild type with no evidence of static local unfolding. Complex formation between alphaA-crystallin and T4 lysozyme was observed directly via the changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance lineshape of a nitroxide introduced at a non-destabilizing, solvent exposed site in T4 lysozyme. AlphaA-crystallin differentially interacts with the mutants, binding the more destabilized ones to a larger extent despite the similar structure of their native states. Our results suggest that the states recognized by alphaA-crystallin are non-native excited states distinct from the unfolded state. Stable complexes are formed when the free energy of binding to alphaA-crystallin is on the order of the free energy associated with the transition from the excited state to the native state. Biphasic binding isotherms reveal two modes of interactions with distinct affinities and stoichiometries. Highly destabilized mutants preferentially bind to the high capacity mode, suggesting conformational preference in the use of each mode. Furthermore, binding can be enhanced by increased temperature and pH, which may be reflecting conformational changes in alphaA-crystallin oligomeric structure.