gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The WI-L2-729-HF2 human hybridoma system. Arrangement of lambda genes in monoclonal hybrids. (1986)

Fusion of WI-L2-729-HF2 human lymphoblastoid cells and human B-cell blasts provides a very efficient and rapid means of isolating stable B-cell hybridomas that secrete high levels of new human immunoglobulins. By titrating the plating density of fused cells into microwells immediately following fusion, it has been possible to obtain monoclonal hybrids. In this communication, proof of monoclonality is provided based on subcloning, karyotyping, and Southern blot analyses of lambda light chain immunoglobulin genes. The results reveal rearranged lambda genes in hybridoma subclones that produce both kappa (the WI-L2-729-HF2 isotype) and new lambda light chains. In contrast, the WI-L2-729-HF2 parental cell line and kappa-producing hybrids exhibit a germline configuration of lambda genes. The results provide evidence that stable, monoclonally derived hybridomas may be obtained upon initial plating of fused cells, without subsequent subcloning. The data further demonstrate the WI-L2-729-HF2 system to be ideal for rapidly generating, at very high frequency, clonal human B-cell hybridomas that stably secrete human monoclonal antibodies.
Aerobraking at Venus and Mars: A Comparison of the Magellan and Mars Global Surveyor Aerobraking Phases (1999)

On February 4, 1999 the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft became the second spacecraft to successfully aerobrake into a nearly circular orbit about another planet. This paper will highlight some of the similarities and differences between the aerobraking phases of this mission and the first mission to use aerobraking, the Magellan mission to Venus. Although the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft was designed for aerobraking and the Magellan spacecraft was not, aerobraking MGS was a much more challenging task than aerobraking Magellan, primarily because the spacecraft was damaged during the initial deployment of the solar panels. The MGS aerobraking phase had to be completely redesigned to minimize the bending moment acting on a broken yoke connecting one of the solar panels to the spacecraft. Even if the MGS spacecraft was undamaged, aerobraking at Mars was more challenging than aerobraking at Venus for several reasons. First, Mars is subject to dust storms, which can significantly change the temperature of the atmosphere due to increased solar heating in the low and middle altitudes (below 50 km), which in turn can significantly increase the density at the aerobraking altitudes (above 100 km). During the first part of the MGS aerobraking phase, a regional dust storm was observed to have a significant and very rapid effect on the entire atmosphere of Mars. Computer simulations of global dust storms on Mars indicate that even larger density increases are possible than those observed during the MGS aerobraking phases. For many aerobraking missions, the duration of the aerobraking phase must be kept as short as possible to minimize the total mission cost. For Mars missions, a short aerobraking phase means that there will be less margin to accommodate atmospheric variability, so the operations team must be ready to propulsively raise periapsis by tens of kilometers on very short notice. This issue was less of a concern on Venus, where the thick lower atmosphere and the slow planet rotation resulted in more predictable atmospheric densities from one orbit to the next.
Syngeneic preference manifested by thymic stroma during development of thymocytes from bone marrow cells (1989)

The question whether major histocompatibility complex (MHC) recognition is expressed in interactions between thymocyte progenitors and thymic stroma cells was investigated in an organ culture system, in which inductive interactions between thymic stroma cells and thymocyte progenitors of different MHC haplotypes could be measured. Thymocyte-depleted fetal thymuses were reconstituted with mixtures of syngeneic and allogeneic bone marrow cells, which also differed in their Thy-1 allele. The relative repopulating ability of the cells was estimated by determining the percentage of emerging Thy-1.1+ vs. Thy-1.2+ thymocytes. Similar values of Thy-1+ cells of the bone marrow donor type developed when the thymus were reconstituted by bone marrow from donors which were either syngeneic or allogeneic to the thymic explants. However, when a 1:1 mixture of syngeneic and allogeneic cells was applied to the thymus, a syngeneic preference was manifested in development of Thy-1+ cells. When mixtures of bone marrow cells from C57BL/Ka (Thy-1.1) and B10.A MHC-congenic (Thy-1.2) mice were used, this developmental preference was found to map to the I-E region. Thymocytes derived from bone marrow cells allogeneic to the stroma, seeded on their own, manifested an advantage over allogeneic bone marrow cells from a different MHC haplotype, in a secondary reconstitution. This suggested that allogeneic bone marrow progenitor cells can be "educated" by the host thymic stroma to behave, in the competitive reconstitution, like syngeneic cells.
LED Design using Resistor Network Model (2008)

A resistor network model for the horizontal AlInGaN LED was investigated, The parameters of the proposed model are extracted from the test dies and <TEX>$350{\mu}m$</TEX> LED, The center of the P-area is the optimal position of a P-electrode by the simulation using the model. Also the optimal chip size of the LED for the new target current was investigated, Comparing the simulation and fabrication result, the errors for the forward voltage and the light power are average 0,02 V, 8 % respectively, So the proposed resistor network model with the linear forward voltage approximation and the exponential light power model are useful in the simulation for the horizontal AlInGaN LED.
Electrochemically Synthesized Polypyrrole/Graphene Composite Film for Lithium Batteries (2012)

Abstract A polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/r‐GO) composite film is prepared by inducing electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide incorporated into PPy as the dopant. This film has a wrinkled surface morphology with a porous structure as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Its porous structure is attributed to the physical nature of the GO sheets, providing a templating effect during PPy deposition. This PPy/r‐GO composite is characterized using in‐situ UV–visible spectroelectrochemistry as well as Raman and Fourier‐transform IR spectroscopy. The PPy/r‐GO material shows greatly improved electrochemical properties, i.e., a high rate capability and excellent cycling stability when used as a cathode material in a lithium ion battery. It also delivers a large reversible capacity when used as an anode material, and this is mainly attributed to the reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO) component.
Identification of the Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-Specific Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A Reductase among Multiple FabG Paralogs in <i>Haloarcula hispanica</i> and Reconstruction of the PHA Biosynthetic Pathway in <i>Haloferax volcanii</i> (2009)

Genome-wide analysis has revealed abundant FabG (beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase) paralogs, with uncharacterized biological functions, in several halophilic archaea. In this study, we identified for the first time that the fabG1 gene, but not the other five fabG paralogs, encodes the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-specific acetoacetyl coenzyme A (acetoacetyl-CoA) reductase in Haloarcula hispanica. Although all of the paralogous fabG genes were actively transcribed, only disruption or knockout of fabG1 abolished PHA synthesis, and complementation of the DeltafabG1 mutant with the fabG1 gene restored both PHA synthesis capability and the NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity. In addition, heterologous coexpression of the PHA synthase genes (phaEC) together with fabG1, but not its five paralogs, reconstructed the PHA biosynthetic pathway in Haloferax volcanii, a PHA-defective haloarchaeon. Taken together, our results indicate that FabG1 in H. hispanica, and possibly its counterpart in Haloarcula marismortui, has evolved the distinct function of supplying precursors for PHA biosynthesis, like PhaB in bacteria. Hence, we suggest the renaming of FabG1 in both genomes as PhaB, the PHA-specific acetoacetyl-CoA reductase of halophilic archaea.
Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing with PHD2- and miR-210-Targeting Oligonucleotides (2018)

In diabetes-associated chronic wounds, the normal response to hypoxia is impaired and many cellular processes involved in wound healing are hindered. Central to the hypoxia response is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which activates multiple factors that enhance wound healing by promoting cellular motility and proliferation, new vessel formation, and re-epithelialization. Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) regulates HIF-1α activity by targeting it for degradation under normoxia. HIF-1α also upregulates microRNA miR-210, which in turn regulates proteins involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, and mitochondrial respiration in ways that are antagonistic to wound repair. We have identified a highly potent short synthetic hairpin RNA (sshRNA) that inhibits expression of PHD2 and an antisense oligonucleotide (antimiR) that inhibits miR-210. Both oligonucleotides were chemically modified for improved biostability and to mitigate potential immunostimulatory effects. Using the sshRNA to silence PHD2 transcripts stabilizes HIF-1α and, in combination with the antimiR targeting miR-210, increases proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in vitro. To assess activity and delivery in an impaired wound healing model in diabetic mice, PHD2-targeting sshRNAs and miR-210 antimiRs both alone and in combination were formulated for local delivery to wounds using layer-by-layer (LbL) technology. LbL nanofabrication was applied to incorporate sshRNA into a thin polymer coating on a Tegaderm mesh. This coating gradually degrades under physiological conditions, releasing sshRNA and antimiR for sustained cellular uptake. Formulated treatments were applied directly to splinted full-thickness excisional wounds in db/db mice. Cellular uptake was confirmed using fluorescent sshRNA. Wounds treated with a single application of PHD2 sshRNA or antimiR-210 closed 4 days faster than untreated wounds, and wounds treated with both oligonucleotides closed on average 4.75 days faster. Markers for neovascularization and cell proliferation (CD31 and Ki67, respectively) were increased in the wound area following treatment, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased in sshRNA-treated wounds. Our results suggest that silencing of PHD2 and miR-210 either together or separately by localized delivery of sshRNAs and antimiRs is a promising approach for the treatment of chronic wounds, with the potential for rapid clinical translation.
Imaging performance of an amorphous selenium digital mammography detector in a breast tomosynthesis system (2008)

In breast tomosynthesis a rapid sequence of N images is acquired when the x-ray tube sweeps through different angular views with respect to the breast. Since the total dose to the breast is kept the same as that in regular mammography, the exposure used for each image of tomosynthesis is 1/N. The low dose and high frame rate pose a tremendous challenge to the imaging performance of digital mammography detectors. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the detector performance in different operational modes designed for tomosynthesis acquisition, e.g., binning or full resolution readout, the range of view angles, and the number of views N. A prototype breast tomosynthesis system with a nominal angular range of +/-25 degrees was used in our investigation. The system was equipped with an amorphous selenium (a-Se) full field digital mammography detector with pixel size of 85 microm. The detector can be read out in full resolution or 2 x 1 binning (binning in the tube travel direction). The focal spot blur due to continuous tube travel was measured for different acquisition geometries, and it was found that pixel binning, instead of focal spot blur, dominates the detector modulation transfer function (MTF). The noise power spectrum (NPS) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of the detector were measured with the exposure range of 0.4-6 mR, which is relevant to the low dose used in tomosynthesis. It was found that DQE at 0.4 mR is only 20% less than that at highest exposure for both detector readout modes. The detector temporal performance was categorized as lag and ghosting, both of which were measured as a function of x-ray exposure. The first frame lags were 8% and 4%, respectively, for binning and full resolution mode. Ghosting is negligible and independent of the frame rate. The results showed that the detector performance is x-ray quantum noise limited at the low exposures used in each view of tomosynthesis, and the temporal performance at high frame rate (up to 2 frames per second) is adequate for tomosynthesis.
The polymerase-like core of brome mosaic virus 2a protein, lacking a region interacting with viral 1a protein in vitro, maintains activity and 1a selectivity in RNA replication (1996)

Brome mosaic virus (BMV), a member of the alphavirus-like super-family of positive-strand RNA viruses, encodes two proteins required for viral RNA replication: 1a and 2a. 1a contains m7G methyltransferase- and helicase-like domains, while 2a contains a polymerase (pol)-like core flanked by N- and C-terminal extensions. Genetic studies show that BMV RNA replication requires 1a-2a compatibility implying direct or indirect 1a-2a interaction in vivo. In vitro, la interacts with the N-terminal 125-amino-acid segment of 2a preceding the pol-like core, and prior deletion studies suggested that this 2a segment was essential for RNA replication. We have now used protein fusions and deletions to explore possible parallels between noncovalent 1a-2a interaction and covalent fusion of similar protein domains in tobacco mosaic virus and to see whether the N-terminal 2a-1a interaction was the primary basis for 1a-2a compatibility in vivo. We found that 2a can function as part of a tobacco mosaic virus-like 1a-2a fusion and that a 2a segment (amino acids 162 to 697) comprising the pol-like core was sufficient to provide 2a functions in such a fusion. Unexpectedly, the unfused 2a core segment also supported RNA replication when it and wild-type la were expressed as separate proteins. Moreover, in gene reassortant experiments with the related cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, the unfused 2a core segment showed the same 1a compatibility requirements as did wild-type BMV 2a. Thus, the pol-like core of 2a must interact with la in a way that is selective and essential for RNA synthesis, and 1a-2a interactions are more complex than the single, previously mapped interaction of the N-terminal 2a segment with 1a.
Developing a scale to measure denial levels of clients with actual or potential myocardial infarctions. (1994)

Findings of the study did provide preliminary evidence that the RSAI-Form D is a reliable and valid inventory. Four aspects of denial were extracted, thus providing supportive evidence to the nurse that the use of single specific or global criteria does not provide sufficient data for assessing denial.
THE SYNTHESIS OF HEXAHYDROPYRIMIDINES FROM 1,3-DIAMINES AND KETONES OR ALDEHYDES (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF HEXAHYDROPYRIMIDINES FROM 1,3-DIAMINES AND KETONES OR ALDEHYDESJ. L. RIEBSOMER and GLEN H. MOREYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 2, 245–248Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01148a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01148a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Significant Decrease in Tropoelastin Gene Expression in Fibroblasts from a Japanese Costello Syndrome Patient with Impaired Elastogenesis and Enhanced Proliferation (2006)

Costello syndrome is a connective tissue disorder associated with sparse, thin, and fragmented elastic fibers in tissues. In this study we demonstrated a significant decrease in the expression of tropoelastin mRNA in fibroblasts derived from a Japanese Costello syndrome patient with impaired elastogenesis and enhanced proliferation. In contrast, there were no changes in expression of the Harvey ras (HRAS), fibrillin-1, fibulin-5, microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1), lysyl oxidase (LOX), or 67-kDa non-integrin elastin-binding protein (EBP) gene. The proliferative activity of the Costello fibroblasts was about 4-fold higher than that of the normal and pathological control ones. However, no mutations were detected in the coding region of HRAS mRNA. Transduction of the bovine tropoelastin (bTE) gene with the lentiviral vector restored the elastic fiber formation and decreased the growth rate in the Costello fibroblasts. These results strongly suggest that the defect of human tropoelastin (hTE) gene expression should induce the impaired elastogenesis and enhanced proliferation of Costello fibroblasts, and that a primary cause other than the HRAS gene mutation should contribute to the pathogenesis in the present Costello case.
An efficient methodology for coherency-based dynamic equivalents (1992)

The paper presents a new methodology for dynamic equivalents. Two alternative linear simulation methods are proposed for the idenification of coherent generators. The measure of coherency for both methods is the angular speed average deviation of generators. The coherent generators are grouped using a clustering algorithm that assures the uniqueness of the composed coherent groups. The REI approach is applied to transfer the generators of each group to a common busbar. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is used for the coherent generator dynamic aggregation. The dynamic equivalents are evaluated in the New England system and in a configuration of the Brazilian South-Southeastern system with 421 busbars, 717 transmission lines/transformers and 40 generators.
Enforcement of Land Taxes in West Virginia (1938)

In general,' if any owner of land or of any undivided interest therein fails to have his interest entered in the land books of the county in which the land is situate, and it has not been c]farged on the land books with state, county and district taxes for five successive year, he forfeits it to the state. 2If the property has been properly entered in the land books, it is assessed annually at its true and accurate value as of the first day of January of the year for which the assessment is made.
Nongovernmental forces dominate reform picture: Private sector pushes physicians to alter practice (1994)

While federal lawmakers decide the future of health care reform, physicians in several states say the anticipation of its arrival is already sparking significant change in their practices. For example, in Eugene, Ore., Robert Velarde, M.D., FAAP, lost approximately 150 patients last year when his local hospital9s managedcare plan did not include solo-practice practitioners in its provider network. In Brainerd, Minn., Mike Severson, M.D., FAAP, traded 15 years of private practice for a partnership in a larger, multispecialty group.
Recent Highlights in the Pathophysiology of Atopic Eczema (2005)

Atopic eczema (AE) belongs to the group of atopic diseases that have become increasingly prevalent over the last decades. The pathophysiology of AE has long remained enigmatic, but much scientific effort has been invested in elucidating the genetic background and the immunological mechanisms underlying AE, leading to a better understanding of this complex disease and to new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an update on the scientific progress that has been achieved in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms of AE.
<i>HKL</i>-3000: the integration of data reduction and structure solution – from diffraction images to an initial model in minutes (2006)

A new approach that integrates data collection, data reduction, phasing and model building significantly accelerates the process of structure determination and on average minimizes the number of data sets and synchrotron time required for structure solution. Initial testing of the HKL-3000 system (the beta version was named HKL-2000_ph) with more than 140 novel structure determinations has proven its high value for MAD/SAD experiments. The heuristics for choosing the best computational strategy at different data resolution limits of phasing signal and crystal diffraction are being optimized. The typical end result is an interpretable electron-density map with a partially built structure and, in some cases, an almost complete refined model. The current development is oriented towards very fast structure solution in order to provide feedback during the diffraction experiment. Work is also proceeding towards improving the quality of phasing calculation and model building.
NBS-SURF II: A Small, Versatile Synchrotron Light Source (1981)

Synchrotron radiation sources do not have to be large multi-megadollar installations. SURF II is based on a compact electron storage ring with a radius of only 0.84 m, an operating energy of 250 MeV, and useful light output down to 5 nm. Small beam size, high brightness and wide-angle light ports give SURF II unique capabilities. Presently five beamlines are instrumented and operational, supporting experiments in atomic and molecular physics, surface science and materials studies, as well as providing optical calibration services. Nearing completion is a large facility for calibrating optical instruments, especially those intended for space flight. The capability of determining the absolute light flux emitted by SURF II has recently been improved and is now operational. The technique employs ultralinear silicon photodiodes to detect and count individual electrons in the stored beam. Other user conveniences include close access to the machine, flexible scheduling and close interaction with the operations staff. The machine's simplicity contributes to reliability and a high ratio of beamtime to down-time.
Velocity spectra-digital computer derivation and applications of velocity functions (1969)

Abstract Application to seismic reflection surveys, land data sections from various regions