gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting plasma procainamide concentrations resulting from a sustained-release preparation. (1985)

Two methods of predicting plasma procainamide concentrations (PPCs) for a sustained-release procainamide (SRP) dosage form were compared using previously published data on 12 healthy subjects. Methods A and B were both based on a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model requiring an elimination rate constant and area under the concentration-time curve from an immediate-release oral procainamide dosage form and in vitro dissolution data from the SRP product. Method A also used an absorption rate constant. The predicted versus measured PPCs for two sets of peak and trough concentrations in each subject were evaluated using linear regression. The mean predicted PPCs by both methods followed the measured PPCs closely; however, the time of peak concentration was predicted more accurately by method A. The evaluation of predictive performance showed good precision and a small but statistically significant bias with either method, peak values were overpredicted and trough values were underpredicted. These two methods adequately predicted plasma procainamide concentrations in healthy subjects following a sustained-release procainamide preparation.
Identification of Specific Nonbridging Phosphate Oxygens Important for DNA Cleavage by Human Topoisomerase I (2004)

Methylphosphonate-bearing oligonucleotides are characterized by the replacement of one of the nonbridging oxygen atoms with a methyl group. While neutralizing the negative charge associated with the phosphodiester at the point of substitution, the methyl group also imparts chirality to the phosphorus atom. Herein we report the synthesis of a number of oligonucleotides containing isomerically pure S(p) and R(p) methylphosphonates at single positions for the purpose of investigating the hydrogen-bonding contacts necessary for human topoisomerase I function. It was possible to correlate these data to the recent X-ray crystal structure of a truncated form of the enzyme and demonstrate a severe decrease of cleavage efficiency when any of the nonbridging oxygen atoms upstream from the cleavage site was removed. Also observed was increased cleavage for oligonucleotides substituted with methylphosphonates downstream from the cleavage site. These effects were shown to be due primarily to alteration of the binding of the modified DNA substrates by human DNA topoisomerase I.
A computational multiscale agent-based model for simulating spatio-temporal tumour immune response to PD1 and PDL1 inhibition (2017)

When the immune system responds to tumour development, patterns of immune infiltrates emerge, highlighted by the expression of immune checkpoint-related molecules such as PDL1 on the surface of cancer cells. Such spatial heterogeneity carries information on intrinsic characteristics of the tumour lesion for individual patients, and thus is a potential source for biomarkers for anti-tumour therapeutics. We developed a systems biology multiscale agent-based model to capture the interactions between immune cells and cancer cells, and analysed the emergent global behaviour during tumour development and immunotherapy. Using this model, we are able to reproduce temporal dynamics of cytotoxic T cells and cancer cells during tumour progression, as well as three-dimensional spatial distributions of these cells. By varying the characteristics of the neoantigen profile of individual patients, such as mutational burden and antigen strength, a spectrum of pretreatment spatial patterns of PDL1 expression is generated in our simulations, resembling immuno-architectures obtained via immunohistochemistry from patient biopsies. By correlating these spatial characteristics with <i>in silico</i> treatment results using immune checkpoint inhibitors, the model provides a framework for use to predict treatment/biomarker combinations in different cancer types based on cancer-specific experimental data.
Detection of C-type natriuretic peptide in normal pregnancy. (1998)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a recently identified member of the family of natriuretic peptides that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure, renal function and volume homeostasis. Its effects are mainly hypotensive and natriuretic. CNP is also considered to be an autocrine/paracrine regulator of the endothelium as well as a neuropeptide. Little is known about its role as a circulating substance. There are only few data of CNP plasma levels and changes in disease. Using a highly specific radioimmunoassay we established for the first time CNP plasma levels of normal pregnancies 5.9 +/- 1.5-8.6 +/- 2.1 pg/ml) and a non-pregnant control group (8.1 +/- 1.7 pg/ml). In contrast to atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide we have not found significant differences of the plasma levels during normal pregnancy and no difference to the non-pregnant control group.
Studies of associations between disability in multiple sclerosis, skin type, gender and ultraviolet radiation (2007)

Recent studies suggest ultraviolet radiation (UVR)/vitamin D is protective against the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). We determined if outcome in MS is associated with the surrogate for host pigmentation, skin type, and parameters of UVR exposure. We used a validated questionnaire to determine skin type and UVR exposure during childhood (0-16 years), and early adult life (17-40 years), in 448 Caucasians with MS. Outcome was assessed using the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS). We studied the association of skin type and exposure with dichotomized values of EDSS (< and >or=6) and MSSS (continuous variable) using logistic and linear regression analyses, respectively. Sex, onset age and MS duration were significantly associated with outcome in all patients. In 169 females with established disease (>or=10 years), sun sensitive skin types 1 and 2 were associated with reduced risk of EDSS >or=6 (odds ratio =0.50; 95% CI = 0.26-0.97), and higher MSSS values (coefficient = -0.86; 95% CI = -1.67 to -0.05). Parameters of UVR exposure were not significantly associated with outcome. These preliminary data show an association between skin type and disability in female MS patients. They are compatible with independent studies suggesting that exposure mediates MS pathogenesis via vitamin D. Further studies are required to properly assess these potentially important findings.
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (2006)

Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy in the bone marrow (BM) despite conventional therapies as well as high-dose therapies with stem cell support. Therefore novel biologically-based therapeutic approaches are required. Recently, intensive laboratory and preclinical studies have identified and validated therapeutic molecular targets in MM. In particular, recognition of the biologic significance of the BM microenvironment in MM pathogenesis and as a potential target for novel therapeutics has derived several promising approaches. Novel FDA approved agents including thalidomide/thalomid, its immunomodulatory derivatives lenalidomide/Revlimid, and proteasome inhibitor bortezomib/Velcade are directed at molecular targets not only in MM cells but also in its BM milieu, and have already achieved promising results in clinical studies. Here we discuss the mechanisms of action of these novel drugs and their clinical application, alone or combined with conventional or novel drugs.
Easy Synthesis of Phosphaalkenes by a Phosphorus‐Analogous Isocyanide Reaction and an Atypical Crystal Structure of a Tetracarbonyl(phosphaalkene)iron Complex (1984)

Hitherto inaccessible C-halogenated phosphaalkenes 3 can now be obtained, in analogy to the long known isocyanide reaction, from the phosphane 1. Compound 3, X = Br, is the first phosphaalkene whose E- and Z-isomers have been isolated in pure form.
Azithromycin and Loperamide Are Comparable to Levofloxacin and Loperamide for the Treatment of Traveler's Diarrhea in United States Military Personnel in Turkey (2007)

Single-dose treatment with azithromycin (1000 mg) and loperamide is as effective as single-dose treatment with levofloxacin (500 mg) and loperamide for noninflammatory diarrhea. Although nausea after dosing is uncommon, it is more frequently associated with azithromycin than with levofloxacin. Future studies should focus on determining whether lower doses of azithromycin would decrease the frequency of nausea and decrease treatment costs without affecting efficacy.
PHOSPHORYLATION AND METHYLATION OF CHROMATIN PROTEINS FROM MOUSE BRAIN NUCLEI (1977)

Abstract— Chromatin protein kinase and histone methyltransferase are present in two nuclear populations, neuronal and oligodendroglial. At least 30% of the enzymes are tightly bound to chromatin. The specific activities of both enzymes are higher in neuronal populations than in oligodendroglial. Protein kinase from these nuclear populations phosphorylates endogenous protein; however, the methyltransferase requires exogenous histone as substrate. The methyltransferase from both nuclear populations preferentially methylates lysine‐rich histone.
ChemInform Abstract: THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME 3‐SUBSTITUTED 4‐HYDROXY‐1‐ALKYL (OR PHENYL) CARBOSTYRILS TOWARDS AMINES AND HYDRAZINES (1979)

Abstract Die Chinolinderivate (I) reagieren mit den Aldehyden (II) zu den Michaelsystemen (III), welche das Ausgangsmaterial für die Synthese der Heterocyclen (IV)‐(VII) darstellen.
Management of high speed networks with the simple network management protocol (SNMP) (2002)

The application of the simple network management protocol (SNMP) to the management of high-speed networks is described including systems based on the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), switched multimegabit data service (SMDS), T1, and T3. A brief introduction to SNMP is given and the related standards are discussed for the structure of management information (SMI) and the management information base (MIB). An application of SNMP to FDDI is discussed, and the future of SNMP in high-speed networks is addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and implementation of a parallel I/O runtime system for irregular applications (2002)

In this paper we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a runtime system based on collective I/O techniques for irregular applications. We present two models, namely, "Collective I/O" and "Pipelined Collective I/O". In the first scheme, all processors participate in the I/O simultaneously making scheduling of I/O requests simpler but creating a possibility of contention at the I/O nodes. In the second approach, processors are grouped into several groups, so that only one group performs I/O simultaneously, while the next group performs communication to rearrange data, and this entire process is pipelined to reduce I/O node contention dynamically. Both models have been optimized by using software caching, chunking and on-line compression mechanisms. We demonstrate that we can obtain significantly high-performance for I/O above what has been possible so far. The performance results are presented on an Intel Paragon and on the ASCI/Red teraflops machine at Sandia National Labs.
An Integrated Analog Readout for Multi-Frequency Bioimpedance Measurements (2014)

Bioimpedance spectroscopy is used in a wide range of biomedical applications. This paper presents an integrated analog readout, which employs synchronous detection to perform galvanostatic multi-channel, multi-frequency bioimpedance measurements. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 1.52 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The effect of random dc offsets is investigated, along with the use of chopping to minimize them. Impedance measurements of a known RC load and skin (using commercially available electrodes) demonstrate the operation of the system over a frequency range up to 1 MHz. The circuit operates from a ±2.5 V power supply and has a power consumption of 3.4-mW per channel.
A Blueprint for Improved Global Change Monitoring of the Terrestrial Biosphere (1998)

The Kyoto Earth Summit recently ended, amid substantial disagreement over current and future global change, and their significance to humankind. The core of the problem is that many global leaders are unconvinced that significant global change is now occurring. Further, there is insufficient confidence in the accuracy of global-scale computer models that project future changes to initiate the political and economic re-directions that would be required to alleviate the problem. As was first said years ago, we are conducting the first global-scale biogeochemistry experiment, the outcome of which is not known, and which could severely impact the habitability of the planet. Conversely, any meaningful reduction in fossil fuel consumption will require the redirection of trillions of dollars of the world economy. The decision to embark on a serious redirection of world energy consumption is, along with population control, possibly the most fundamental global policy of the next century.
Design and characterization of a phantom that simultaneously simulates tissue optical properties between 400 and 650 nm (1996)

The design and characterization of optical phantoms which have the same absorption and scattering characteristics as biological tissues in a broad spectral window (between 400 and 650 nm) are presented. These low cost phantoms use agarose dissolved in water as the transparent matrix. The latter is loaded with various amounts of silicon dioxide, intralipid, ink, bovine serum, blood, azide, penicillin and fluorochromes. The silicon dioxide and intralipid particles are responsible for the light scattering whereas the ink and blood are the absorbers. The penicillin and the azide are used to insure the conservation of such phantoms when stored at 4 degrees Celsius. The serum and fluorochromes, such as Coumarin 30, produce an autofluorescence similar to human tissues. Various fluorochromes or photosensitizers can be added to these phantoms to simulate a photodetection procedure. The absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of the dyes tested was not different in these phantoms than in live tissues. The mechanical properties of these gelatinous phantoms are also of interest as they can easily be molded and reshaped with a conventional cutter, so that for instance layered structures, with different optical properties in each layer, can be designed. The optical properties of these phantoms were determined between 400 and 650 nm by measuring their effective attenuation coefficient ((mu) <SUB>eff</SUB>) and total reflectance (R<SUB>d</SUB>). The microscopic absorption and reduced scattering coefficients ((mu) <SUB>a</SUB>, (mu) <SUB>s</SUB><SUP>'</SUP>) were deduced from (mu) <SUB>eff</SUB> and R<SUB>d</SUB> using a Monte-Carlo simulation.
Spectral image compression (1990)

High spectral and high spatial resolution images will be performed on-board satellites using a new instrument called a Fourier transform spectro-imager. Based on the principle of the Michelson interferometer, this instrument will give images in which each pixel is the whole spectrum of the observed point on Earth. After a description of the spectro-imager, the solution brought to the problem of transmission of these 'vector' images is presented. Straight transmission implies a very high bit rate (estimated at 126 Mbits/s). The first part of this paper is devoted to the scalar compression of each image pixel and a compression scheme is proposed.
The design and implementation of the surrogate system for J2ME-devices (2004)

The Jini technology is a suite of protocols and class libraries, which supports network-based plug-and-play of objects without configuring software or hardware of devices manually. It is specified for J2SE environment. Therefore, devices which have J2ME-environment cannot directly use Jini service. In this paper, we propose a method that devices having J2ME CLDC can use the Jini technology, present the private protocol and the architecture of surrogate object for J2ME-devices. We implemented and tested to which the J2ME-device is able to use Jini service through surrogate host. Developers can implement surrogate objects of other non-Jini devices easily by using our implementation.
Protease Amperometric Sensor (2006)

An amperometric biosensor for the detection of trypsin was developed. The latter was based on a two-layer configuration, namely, a polymer-glucose oxidase inner layer and a gelatin outer layer. In the presence of glucose, the enzyme layer produces H2O2 and hence an amperometric signal due to H2O2 electrooxidation was generated by potentiostating the electrode at 0.6 V. The biosensor detects the change in the increase in the maximum current caused by the proteolytic digestion of gelatin, which covers the platinum electrodes, thereby facilitating a speedier access for the glucose substrate to the electrode modified with both poly(pyrrole-alkylammonium) and glucose oxidase molecules. Our biosensor detected low trypsin concentrations down to 42 pM with a response time of approximately 10 min, making it a very sensitive device in the detection of lower trypsin levels with such future putative applications as the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
H2O in lunar processes - The stability of hydrous phases in lunar samples 10058 and 12013 (1971)

Hydrous analog stability in lunar amphibole Apollo samples as function of water vapor pressure and temperature
Efficient PCR-based gene disruption in Saccharomyces strains using intergenic primers (2002)

An Erratum has been published for this article in Yeast 19(9) 2002, 803. Gene disruptions are a vital tool for understanding Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene function. An arrayed library of gene disruption strains has been produced by a consortium of yeast laboratories; however their use is limited to a single genetic background. Since the yeast research community works with several different strain backgrounds, disruption libraries in other common laboratory strains are desirable. We have developed simple PCR-based methods that allow transfer of gene disruptions from the S288C-derived strain library into any Saccharomyces strain. One method transfers the unique sequence tags that flank each of the disrupted genes and replaces the kanamycin resistance marker with a recyclable URA3 gene from Kluyveromyces lactis. All gene-specific PCR amplifications for this method are performed using a pre-existing set of primers that are commercially available. We have also extended this PCR technique to develop a second general gene disruption method suitable for any transformable strain of Saccharomyces. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fortran at ten gigaflops (1991)

We have implemented a prototype of a specialized compiler module and associated run-time support that allows a Fortran user to achieve sustained floatingpoint performance of over 10 gigaflops on the Connection Machine Model CM-2. This improves substantially over the previous record of 5.6 gigaflops, which was achieved by means of hand-crafted low-level coding techniques (on which this work has been based). Indeed, the same code that ran at 5.6 gigaflops in 1989 now runs at over 14 gigaflops.
The body electric (1997)

article Free Access Share on The body electric Author: Gordon Bell Microsoft MicrosoftView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 2Feb. 1997 pp 30–32https://doi.org/10.1145/253671.253685Online:01 February 1997Publication History 8citation411DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads411Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
On Reduced-Complexity Soft-Output Detection of Continuous Phase Modulations (2008)

We compare low-complexity schemes for soft-output detection of continuous phase modulations (CPMs). In particular, we address the problem of minimizing the complexity of the front end filters and that of the trellis exploited by the detection algorithm, with the aim of assuring a negligible performance degradation with respect to the optimal full-complexity receiver. We show that the approach providing the simplest front end is that based on the CPM decomposition proposed by Moqvist and Aulin. On the other hand, we prove that the most convenient solution in terms of trellis complexity is provided by the CPM decomposition proposed by Mengali and Morelli, possibly combined with suitable techniques for reduced trellis search.
The Complete Guide to the Music of U2 (1995)

A guide to the music of U2. The book examines every recorded song in the band's catalogue to date, and acts as a consumer's critical guide to the music. Shaped like a CD box, it is designed to sit alongside the reader's existing CD collection.
Correlation of Pap Smear, Cervical Biopsy, and Clinical Follow-up With an HPV Typing Microarray System (2008)

A human papillomavirus (HPV) microarray system allows the determination of HPV type in clinical samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of HPV in liquid-based Pap smears with the MyGene MyHPV Chip Kit HPV genotyping microarray test (MyGene Assay), and to correlate this with the cytology and biopsy diagnoses, clinical follow-up, HPV Hybrid Capture data, and HPV sequence analyses. Four hundred and two Pap smears (93 ThinPrep, 309 SurePath) were available for study. Correlation of HPV DNA detection by the MyGene Assay with the Pap smear diagnosis showed a detection rate of 19/97 (19%) for normal Pap smears, 181/242 (74%) for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), and 61/63 (97%) for squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Biopsy data on 248 women were available. HPV was noted by the MyGene Assay in the Pap smear in 98/100 (98%) of the cases, for which the corresponding biopsy had been diagnosed as SIL, compared with 103/148 (69%) of the cases for which the biopsy had been negative for SIL. Clinical follow-ups were available for 200 women with ASCUS Pap smears. A significant increase was observed in the rate of biopsy-proven SILs in women with ASCUS Pap smears that were HPV-positive (63/66=95%) as compared with those that were HPV-negative (96/134=71%, P<0.05). The MyGene Assay and Hybrid Capture system gave equivalent results for all the categories studied, except for the presence of multiple infections, as determined by viral sequence analysis. Specifically, the Hybrid Capture system overestimated the presence of dual infection (low-risk and high-risk positive) by 48% and missed many cases of multiple infections, especially when 2 or more high-risk types were present. It is concluded that the MyGene Assay allows for the routine typing of HPV in liquid-based Pap smears, and that the presence of HPV DNA in ASCUS Pap smears is strongly correlated with a biopsy-proven SIL.
Bestatin inhibits covalent coupling of [<sup>3</sup>H]LTA<sub>4</sub> to human leukocyte LTA<sub>4</sub>hydrolase (1992)

The covalent coupling of [3H]LTA4 to human leukocyte LTA4 hydrolase is inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion by pre-incubation with bestatin. This inhibition correlated with the concentration-dependent inhibition by bestatin of LTB4 and LTB5 synthesis by LTA4 hydrolase. Epibestatin, a diastereomer of bestatin, neither inhibited LTB4 or LTB5 production by LTA4 hydrolase nor prevented the covalent coupling of [3H]LTA4 to the enzyme. In contrast, captopril inhibited both LTB4 synthesis by LTA4 hydrolase and covalent coupling of [3H]LTA4 to the enzyme.