gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for direct interaction of Gs alpha with the Ca2+ channel of skeletal muscle. (1991)

The alpha subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding (G) proteins act upon ion channels through both cytoplasmic and membrane-delimited pathways (Brown, A. M., and Birnbaumer, L. (1990) Annu. Rev. Physiol. 52, 197-213). The membrane pathway may involve either a direct interaction between G protein and ion channel or an indirect interaction involving a membrane-delimited second messenger. To distinguish between the two possibilities, we tested whether a purified G protein could interact with a purified channel protein in a defined system to produce changes in channel currents. We selected the alpha subunit of Gs and the dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive Ca2+ channel of skeletal muscle T-tubules, the DHP binding protein (DHPBP), because: 1) a membrane-delimited interaction between the two has been shown (Brown, A. M., and Birnbaumer, L. (1990) Annu. Rev. Physiol. 52, 197-213; Yatani, A., Imoto, Y., Codina, J., Hamilton, S. L., Brown, A. M., and Birnbaumer, L. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 9887-9895); and 2) at the present time, these Ca2+ channels are the only putative G protein channel effectors which, following purification, still retain channel function. We used a defined system in which purified components were studied by direct reconstitution in planar lipid bilayers. Just as we had found in crude skeletal muscle T-tubule membranes (Yatani, A., Imoto, Y., Codina, J., Hamilton, S. L., Brown, A. M., and Birnbaumer, L. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 9887-9895), alpha*s but not alpha*i-3 stimulated Ca2+ currents. However, in the reconstituted system, this probably represents a direct interaction between Gs alpha and Ca2+ channels. To establish whether the two proteins were physically associated in the native T-tubule membrane, we examined the ability of either endogenous G proteins or exogenous alpha*s to purify with detergent-solubilized DHPBP through a wheat germ agglutinin affinity column and a sucrose gradient. Small amounts of a labeled G protein were found to co-purify with DHPBP. In addition, partially purified DHPBP increased the sedimentation rate of purified alpha*s but not alpha*i-3. G proteins were immunoprecipitated with an antibody to the alpha 1 subunit of the DHPBP, and, in addition, both alpha s and the beta subunit of Gs were detected in Western blots of the partially purified DHPBP. The results suggest that Gs and Ca2+ channels are closely associated in the T-tubule plasma membrane, and we conclude that skeletal muscle Ca2+ channels are direct effectors for Gs.
One-Dimensional Oxalato-Bridged Cu(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) Complexes with Purine and Adenine as Terminal Ligands (2004)

The reaction of nucleobases (adenine or purine) with a metallic salt in the presence of potassium oxalate in an aqueous solution yields one-dimensional complexes of formulas [M(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(pur)](n) (pur = purine, ox = oxalato ligand (2-); M = Cu(II) [1], Co(II) [2], and Zn(II) [3]), [Co(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(pur)(0.76)(ade)(0.24)](n)(4) and ([M(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(ade)].2(ade).(H(2)O))(n) (ade = adenine; M = Co(II) [5] and Zn(II) [6]). Their X-ray single-crystal structures, variable-temperature magnetic measurements, thermal behavior, and FT-IR spectroscopy are reported. The complexes 1-4 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/a (No. 14) with similar crystallographic parameters. The compounds 5 and 6 are also isomorphous but crystallize in the triclinic space group P (No. 2). All compounds contain one-dimensional chains in which cis-[M(H(2)O)(L)](2+) units are bridged by bis-bidentate oxalato ligands with M(.)M intrachain distances in the range 5.23-5.57 A. In all cases, the metal atoms are six-coordinated by four oxalato oxygen atoms, one water molecule, and one nitrogen atom from a terminal nucleobase, building distorted octahedral MO(4)O(w)N surroundings. The purine ligand is bound to the metal atom through the most basic imidazole N9 atom in 1-4, whereas in 5 and 6 the minor groove site N3 of the adenine nucleobase is the donor atom. The crystal packing of compounds 5 and 6 shows the presence of uncoordinated adenine and water crystallization molecules. The cohesiveness of the supramolecular 3D structure of the compounds is achieved by means of an extensive network of noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions). Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements of the Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes in the range 2-300 K show the occurrence of antiferromagnetic intrachain interactions.
Upgrading Pyrolysis Oil over Ni/HZSM‐5 by Cascade Reactions (2012)

Bio-oil to hydrocarbon oil: An active, selective, and stable catalyst (Ni supported in zeolite HZSM-5) allows the conversion of a wide variety of CO and CO bonds in n-hexane-extracted pyrolysis oil into hydrocarbons through a cascade of hydrogenation, hydrolysis, dehydration, and dehydroaromatization reactions. Quantitative yields of C5–C9 gasoline-range hydrocarbons are obtained under mild conditions in water. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Substrate-specificities of acid and alkaline ceramidases in fibroblasts from patients with Farber disease and controls (1982)

The specific activity of acid ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine deacylase, EC 3.5.1.23) was measured at pH4.5 in normal fibroblasts and in fibroblasts from patients with Farber disease and obligate heterozygotes. Greater activity was found when the synthetically made ceramide substrates contained shorter-chain fatty acids or higher content of double bonds. Acid ceramidase activities towards N-lauroyl- (C(12:0)), N-myristoyl- (C(14:0)) and N-palmitoyl- (C(16:0)) sphingosine (C(18:1)) were respectively about 38, 26 and 6 times higher than the activity towards the N-stearoyl (C(18:0)) substrate. The activity towards N-linolenoylsphingosine (C(18:3)/C(18:1)), N-linoleoylsphingosine (C(18:2)/C(18:1)) and N-oleoylsphingosine (C(18:1)/C(18:1)) were respectively about 5, 4 and 3 times higher than the activity towards N-stearoylsphingosine (C(18:0)/C(18:1)). The activity towards N-stearoyldihydrosphingosine (C(18:0)/C(18:0)) was about 40% of that towards N-stearoylsphingosine. Fibroblast alkaline ceramidase possessed significant activity only towards ceramides of unsaturated fatty acids, with a pH optimum of about 9.0. Deficiency of acid ceramidase activity in fibroblasts from patients with Farber disease and intermediate activities in obligate heterozygotes were demonstrated with all ceramides examined except for N-hexanoylsphingosine (C(6:0)/C(18:1)), whereas alkaline ceramidase activity was unaffected. Comparative kinetic studies of acid ceramidase activity with N-lauroylsphingosine and N-oleoylsphingosine demonstrated about 5 (2-12)-fold and 7 (4-17)-fold higher K(m) values in fibroblasts from patients with Farber disease as compared with normal controls. N-Lauroylsphingosine, towards which acid ceramidase activity in control fibroblasts was about 10 times higher than that towards N-oleoylsphingosine, may serve as a better substrate for enzymic diagnosis of Farber disease as well as for further characterization of the catalytically defective acid ceramidase.
First‐Principles Evidence for Stage Ordering in Li x CoO2 (1998)

We have investigated phase stability in the layered Li(x)CoO(2) intercalation compound for x < 0.4 from first principles. By combining a lattice model description of the Li-vacancy configurational degrees of freedom with first-principles pseudopotential calculations, we have calculated the free energy of the material as a function of Li concentration in three different host structures: (i) the rhombohedral form of Li(x)CoO(2), (ii) the hexagonal form of CoO(2), and (iii) a stage II compound of Li(x)CoO(2) in which the host structure can be considered as a hybrid of the rhombohedral and hexagonal host structures. The first-principles free energies indicate that the stage II compound is the most stable of the three phases for Li concentrations ranging between 0.12 and 0.19. This result is consistent with the experimental observation by Ohzuku and Ueda(1) and Amatucci et al.(2) that the rhombohedral form of Li(x)CoO(2) transforms to a new phase at Li concentrations around x = 0.15. We find that the calculated X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the stage II structure agree qualitatively with those observed experimentally at low Li concentration.(1,2)
Obesity and weight reduction do not influence gastric emptying and antral motility. (1993)

A dual radioisotope technique was used to measure gastric emptying of a mixed solid and liquid meal in 30 obese (> 125% of ideal body weight) subjects and 23 age- and sex-matched nonobese control subjects. Gastroduodenal motility studies were also performed on seven obese and 10 nonobese subjects to compare postprandial antral motility. In addition, eight obese subjects underwent gastric emptying studies before and after substantial weight reduction (mean 8.3%). Gastric emptying of both solids and liquids was similar in obese and nonobese subjects, and antral motility indices did not differ between the groups. Gastric emptying rates before and after substantial weight reduction were similar. We conclude that neither gastric emptying nor antral motility appear to be abnormal in morbidly obese subjects; neither does gastric emptying appear to be affected by substantial acute weight reduction.
Characterization of Si nanostructured surfaces (1999)

Surface scattering of Si to enhanced absorption particularly in the IR spectral region has been extensively investigated. Previous research chiefly examined approaches based on geometrical optics. These surface textures typically consist of pyramids with dimensions much larger than optical wavelengths. We have investigated a physical optics approach that relies on surface texture features comparable to, or smaller than, the optical wavelengths inside the semiconductor material. Light interaction at this are strongly dependent on incident polarization and surface profile. Nanoscale textures can be tuned for either narrow band, or broad band absorptive behavior. Lowest broad band reflection has been observed for triangular profiles with linewidths significantly less than 100 nm. Si nanostructures have been integrated into large (approximately 42 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) area solar cells. Internal quantum efficiency measurements in comparison with polished and conventionally textured cells show lower efficiency in the UV-visible (350 - 680 nm), but significantly higher IR (700 - 1200 nm) efficiency.
New and comment (1993)

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A Fully-Integrated, Short-Range, Low Data Rate FM-UWB Transmitter in 90 nm CMOS (2011)

This paper presents a fully-integrated 3-5 GHz-band FM-UWB transmitter implemented in 90 nm bulk CMOS. The front-end consists of an RF current-controlled oscillator (RF-ICO) and class-AB power amplifier. Transmit data modulates a sub-carrier oscillator. The 2-FSK modulated output is amplified by a transconductor, and directly modulates the RF-ICO tune input. A successive approximation register (SAR) algorithm and on-chip all-digital frequency-locked loop (FLL) calibrate the carrier and sub-carrier frequencies. All voltage and current references required by the transmitter are included on-chip. The 0.2 × 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area transmitter consumes 900 μW from a 1 V supply. Energy efficiency of the transmitter is 9 nJ/bit running continuously at 100 kbits/s.
Detection of carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detection (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection of carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis with pulsed amperometric detectionThomas J. O'Shea, Susan M. Lunte, and William R. LaCourseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 7, 948–951Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00055a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views454Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (436 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
SPLATNet: Sparse Lattice Networks for Point Cloud Processing (2018)

We present a network architecture for processing point clouds that directly operates on a collection of points represented as a sparse set of samples in a high-dimensional lattice. Naively applying convolutions on this lattice scales poorly, both in terms of memory and computational cost, as the size of the lattice increases. Instead, our network uses sparse bilateral convolutional layers as building blocks. These layers maintain efficiency by using indexing structures to apply convolutions only on occupied parts of the lattice, and allow flexible specifications of the lattice structure enabling hierarchical and spatially-aware feature learning, as well as joint 2D-3D reasoning. Both point-based and image-based representations can be easily incorporated in a network with such layers and the resulting model can be trained in an end-to-end manner. We present results on 3D segmentation tasks where our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art techniques.
Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications (2013)

Genotyping variants in the human genome has proven to be an efficient method to identify genetic associations with phenotypes. The distribution of variants within families or populations can facilitate identification of the genetic factors of disease. Illumina's panel of genotyping BeadChips allows investigators to genotype thousands or millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or to analyze other genomic variants, such as copy number, across a large number of DNA samples. These SNPs can be spread throughout the genome or targeted in specific regions in order to maximize potential discovery. The Infinium assay has been optimized to yield high-quality, accurate results quickly. With proper setup, a single technician can process from a few hundred to over a thousand DNA samples per week, depending on the type of array. This assay guides users through every step, starting with genomic DNA and ending with the scanning of the array. Using propriety reagents, samples are amplified, fragmented, precipitated, resuspended, hybridized to the chip, extended by a single base, stained, and scanned on either an iScan or Hi Scan high-resolution optical imaging system. One overnight step is required to amplify the DNA. The DNA is denatured and isothermally amplified by whole-genome amplification; therefore, no PCR is required. Samples are hybridized to the arrays during a second overnight step. By the third day, the samples are ready to be scanned and analyzed. Amplified DNA may be stockpiled in large quantities, allowing bead arrays to be processed every day of the week, thereby maximizing throughput.
A Rapid and Efficient Assay for the Characterization of Substrates and Inhibitors of Nicotinamide <i>N</i>-Methyltransferase (2016)

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is one of the most abundant small molecule methyltransferases in the human body and is primarily responsible for the N-methylation of the nicotinamide (vitamin B3). Employing the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine, NNMT transfers a methyl group to the pyridine nitrogen of nicotinamide to generate N-methylnicotinamide. Interestingly, NNMT is also able to N-methylate a variety of other pyridine-containing small molecules, suggesting a secondary role for the enzyme in the detoxification of xenobiotics. A number of recent studies have also revealed links between NNMT overexpression and a variety of diseases, including multiple cancers, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and obesity. To facilitate further study of both the substrate scope and potential for inhibitor development, we here describe the development of a new NNMT activity assay. The assay makes use of ultra-high-performance hydrophilic interaction chromatography, allowing for rapid separation of the reaction products, coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection, providing for enhanced sensitivity and enabling high-throughput sample analysis. We successfully demonstrated the general applicability of the method by performing kinetic analyses of NNMT-mediated methylation for a range of pyridine-based substrates. These findings also provide new insight into the diversity of substrate recognition by NNMT in a quantitative manner. In addition, we further established the suitability of the assay for the identification and characterization of small molecule inhibitors of NNMT. To do so, we investigated the inhibition of NNMT by the nonspecific methyltransferase inhibitors sinefungin and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, revealing IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The results of these inhibition studies are particularly noteworthy as they will permit future efforts toward the development of new NNMT-specific inhibitors.
The Law's Hard Choice: Self-Inflicted Injustice or Lawyer-Inflicted Indignity (2004)

T his article proposes a rule to distinguish between those defense decisions properly belonging to criminal defendants and those properly belonging to their lawyers.In considering how to allocate defense decisions, one finds fundamental values in conflict.Does the respect that a free society must show for the dignity and autonomy of individuals command allocation of defense decisions to defendants?Or does society's commitment to justice through the adversary process command allocation of defense decisions to lawyers?The conflicting demands of dignity and justice in the often high-stakes setting of criminal prosecutions challenge the theoretical coherence of the law.The following case illustrates this painful dilemma.James Rivers was charged with murder in the beating death of his male roommate.The victim was killed in the apartment the two shared.By the time the body was discovered, Rivers had disappeared.The police focused their investigation on Rivers and found witnesses who gave incriminating descriptions of Rivers's behavior around the presumed time of the killing.A search of the apartment disclosed further evidence implicating Rivers.After his arrest in a distant city, Rivers made incriminating statements to the police.The prosecution charged Rivers with first-degree murder.In the course of preparing the case, defense counsel found persuasive evidence that Rivers and the victim had a homosexual relationship.After a thorough
Integrated silicon colour sensors (1988)

Chapter 1 Introduction. 1.2Motivation and objectives. 1.3Implementation in an electrical information processing system.1.4Aim and organisation. ReferencesChapter 2 Wavelength dependences of the opto-electrical conversion in silicon.2.1 Introduction.2.2 Optical properties of silicon. 2.3Optical properties of the air-Si0 2 -Si system.2.4 Properties affecting the collection efficiency in the colour sensor.2.5 Conclusions. 2.6References. 9Chapter 3 Application of the wavelength-dependent properties in silicon for colour sensing.
Semi-dense stereo correspondence with dense features (2002)

We present a new feature based algorithm for stereo correspondence. Most of the previous feature based methods match sparse features like edge pixels, producing only sparse disparity maps. Our algorithm detects and matches dense features between the left and right images of a stereo pair, producing a semi-dense disparity map. Our dense feature is defined with respect to both images of a stereo pair, and it is computed during the stereo matching process, not a preprocessing step. In essence, a dense feature is a connected set of pixels in the left image and a corresponding set of pixels in the right image such that the intensity edges on the boundary of these sets are stronger than their matching error (which is basically the difference in intensities between corresponding boundary pixels). Our algorithm produces accurate semi-dense disparity maps, leaving featureless regions in the scene unmatched. It is robust, requires little parameter tuning, can handle brightness differences between images, and is fast (linear complexity).
An opportunistic forwarding scheme for ICN in disaster situations (2017)

In disaster situations, networks are fragmented due to the disruptions of communication infrastructure and stable connectivity between nodes is not guaranteed. Therefore, opportunistic forwarding based on delay tolerant networks (DTN) should be used for message delivery in such disaster situations. Also, information centric network (ICN) approach can be used for communication of urgent messages to first-responders or government authorities in disaster situations. For efficient communication in disaster situations, therefore, ICN and DTN should be interworked. In this paper, we propose an opportunistic DTN-based forwarding scheme of Interest and Data for ICN in disaster situations.
Three-Dimensional Sintering of Two-Component Metal Powders With Stationary and Moving Laser Beams (1999)

Abstract Melting and resolidification of a mixture of two metal powders with significantly different melting points under irradiation of a stationary or a moving Gaussian laser beam were investigated numerically and experimentally. The liquid motion driven by capillary and gravity forces as well as the shrinkage of the powder bed caused by the overall density change were taken into account in the physical model. The liquid flow was formulated by using Darcy’s law, and the energy equation was given using a temperature transforming model. Prediction were compared with experimental results obtained with nickel braze and AISI 1018 steel powder. The effects of laser properties and the scanning velocity on the laser sintering process were also investigated. An empirical correlation that can be used to predict the cross-sectional area of the heat affected zone is proposed. [S0022-1481(00)70201-5]
Efficient monolithic MgO:LiNbO3 singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (1988)

A monolithic MgO:LiNbO3 singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was operated as both a standing-wave and a ring-geometry resonator. The OPO was pumped by the second harmonic of an amplified single-mode diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG laser. Pump depletions of greater than 60 percent were observed when pumping four times greater than the 35-W threshold. The OPO output at the resonant signal tuned with temperature from 834 to 958 nm, while the corresponding idler tuned from 1.47 to 1.2 microns. The spectral characteristics of the OPO signal output and the relative merits of a standing wave versus a ring geometry are discussed.