gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent automatic malicious code signatures extraction (2004)

The computer malicious executable code has been with us for a quite long time. Since computer hardware and Internet is growing so fast today, security threats of malicious executable code are getting more serious. Basically, malicious executable codes are categorized into three kinds. The first is called virus, which always infect other benign programs. The second is called Trojan which always masquerade its malicious executable code inside a usefully utility or freeware program. And the last but not the least is called worm that replicate and distribute itself automatically around the network. According to the literature survey [R.A. Grimes (2001)], current antivirus products cannot detect all the malicious codes, especially for those unseen, polymorphism malicious executable codes. Moreover, there are many virus program generators and mutation engines available on public Web sites that can be downloaded freely make a lot of unseen, polymorphism, and harmful executable malicious code. So how to extract virus signatures efficiently and effectively automatically instead of manually for an antivirus scanner system is quite important and also is the major purpose of this research.
Chapter 1 (1977)

Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center; and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60612
Fabrication of a vertical sidewall using double-sided anisotropic etching of 〈1 0 0〉 oriented silicon (2012)

A double-sided wet etch process has been proposed to fabricate vertical structures in 〈1 0 0〉 oriented silicon substrate. Both sides of a {1 0 0} silicon wafer have been patterned identically along the 〈1 1 0〉 direction, and etched using potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. By precisly controlling the etch time, using etch-timer structure and additive control, structures with smooth and vertical {1 1 0} sidewalls have been fabricated at the edges of a rectangular opening without undercut. Rectangular through-holes, bridges and cantilevers have been constructed using the proposed process. The measured average surface roughness of the vertical sidewall was 481 nm, which has been further reduced to 217 nm and 218 nm by postetching using a KOH–IPA and TMAH–Triton mixture, respectively. Slanted {4 1 1} planes exposed at the concave corners during the vertical etch process have been successfully removed or diminished by the postetching process. A bridge structure with a high aspect ratio of 39:1 has been fabricated, and cantilevers without undercutting were successfully constructed by applying the compensation technique. The proposed process can potentially be utilized in place of the deep reactive ion etching process for the fabrication of structures having vertical through-holes, such as through-silicon vias, high aspect ratio springs and filters for microfluidic applications.
Area‐Selective Diffusion of Zn in InP / In0.53Ga0.47As / InP for Lateral pn Photodiodes (1995)

Zn‐diffusion experiments were performed in an open furnace with and using and as source materials, respectively. A reproducible diffusion, as expected from the literature, was observed with InP in the temperature range between 400 and 600°C and with at 550°C. Area‐selective diffusion was performed through evaporated masks. Anomalously enhanced lateral diffusion under the mask observed with was sup‐pressed by a 200 nm thick cap layer between the ternary layer and the mask. A dark current density of as low as 40 pA/μm2 at a reverse bias of 5 V, measured with lateral diodes, shows that a nonleaky lateral pn junction was formed, which is effective in separation of optically generated free carriers. The response time at 15 V reverse bias was 35 ps for a photodetector with an electrode separation of 6 μm. Simultaneously, low RC charging times in a 50 Ω load of 10 ps were found for the same bias conditions indicating that the transient behavior of the lateral pn photodiode is dominated by electron drift.
Postprandial Blood Glucose Is a Stronger Predictor of Cardiovascular Events Than Fasting Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Particularly in Women: Lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study (2006)

Postprandial, but not fasting, blood glucose is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes, with a stronger predictive power in women than in men, suggesting that more attention should be paid to postprandial hyperglycemia, particularly in women.
Sampling to estimate arbitrary subset sums (2005)

Starting with a set of weighted items, we want to create a generic sample of a certain size that we can later use to estimate the total weight of arbitrary subsets. For this purpose, we propose priority sampling which tested on Internet data performed better than previous methods by orders of magnitude. Priority sampling is simple to define and implement: we consider a steam of items i=0,...,n-1 with weights w_i. For each item i, we generate a random number r_i in (0,1) and create a priority q_i=w_i/r_i. The sample S consists of the k highest priority items. Let t be the (k+1)th highest priority. Each sampled item i in S gets a weight estimate W_i=max{w_i,t}, while non-sampled items get weight estimate W_i=0. Magically, it turns out that the weight estimates are unbiased, that is, E[W_i]=w_i, and by linearity of expectation, we get unbiased estimators over any subset sum simply by adding the sampled weight estimates from the subset. Also, we can estimate the variance of the estimates, and surpricingly, there is no co-variance between different weight estimates W_i and W_j. We conjecture an extremely strong near-optimality; namely that for any weight sequence, there exists no specialized scheme for sampling k items with unbiased estimators that gets smaller total variance than priority sampling with k+1 items. Very recently Mario Szegedy has settled this conjecture.
Green and red emission for (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3:Pr ceramics (2012)

The photoluminescence properties of Pr-doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method and investigated as a function of Pr concentration and sintering temperature. The excitation band ranging from 430 to 500 nm covers the emission wavelength of all commercial blue light-emitting diode chips. The photoluminescence spectra of KNN:Pr exhibit strong green (528 nm) and red (617 nm and 650 nm) emissions. The optimum doping concentration of Pr in KNN is 0.5 mol. %, and the optimized sintering temperature is 1170 °C. In addition to the admirable intrinsic piezoelectric properties of KNN, Pr-doped KNN may take an important role in many fields as a multifunctional material.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Activity Relationships in the 8‐Amino‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐3H‐ benz(e)indole Ring System. Part 1. Effects of Substituents in the Aromatic System on Serotonin and Dopamine Receptor Subtypes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reinforcement learning for imitating constrained reaching movements (2007)

The goal of developing algorithms for programming robots by demonstration is to create an easy way of programming robots such that it can be accomplished by anyone. When a demonstrator teaches a task to a robot, he/she shows some ways of fulfilling the task, but not all the possibilities. The robot must then be able to reproduce the task even when unexpected perturbations occur. In this case, it has to learn a new solution. Here, we describe a system to teach the robot constrained reaching tasks. Our system is based on a dynamic system generator modulated by a learned speed trajectory. This system is combined with a reinforcement learning module to allow the robot to adapt the trajectory when facing a new situation, e.g., in the presence of obstacles.
Practical Guidelines for Clinicians Who Treat Patients With Amiodarone (2000)

Amiodarone has become an important drug for the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, in short-term inpatient and outpatient settings. It may also have a role in affecting outcome in patients at high risk for arrhythmic events and sudden death; its place among available therapies is being established in clinical trials.
Low-power wireless climate monitoring system with RFID security access feature for mosquito and pathogen research (2015)

This paper introduces a low-power wireless climate monitoring system with an RFID security access feature for mosquito and pathogen research. Mosquito-borne diseases, which are critical threats to human health, include malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and West Nile Virus. The wireless monitoring system provides environmental data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. The measured data can be used to predict the habitat of mosquitoes and be used to recommend the amount and location of pesticide application. This paper describes the design and implementation of the low-power wireless climate monitoring system with various environmental sensors, 2.4-GHz wireless module, RFID reader for the security access control, audio system, and a solar charger system. The measured data was received and processed by a custom Windows application. The measured data was available through both desktop and mobile internet browsers and a mobile android application. Five wireless climate monitoring systems were used for multiple field tests. The analysis example of the pseudo climate data for the reduced use of pesticides is also presented.
Effect of Losartan on Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Cardiac Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Activity in Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats (1996)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prophylactic treatment with the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist losartan on right ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Losartan failed to prevent either pulmonary hypertension or right ventricular hypertrophy. Right ventricular ACE in untreated pulmonary hypertensive rats did not differ from control rats. Losartan treatment in pulmonary hypertensive rats caused a significant 2-fold increase of ACE activity in the hypertrophied right (p < 0.005) but not in the left ventricle. Thus, cardiac ACE activity is not stimulated in rats with monocrotaline-induced right ventricular hypertrophy. Prophylactic losartan treatment in this model of progressive pulmonary hypertension failed to prevent or reduce the increase in ventricular afterload. The relevance of the increase in right ventricular ACE activity during pulmonary hypertension after losartan treatment is unknown and needs to be evaluated in further studies.
Clustering algorithms for content-based publication-subscription systems (2003)

We consider efficient communication schemes based on both network-supported and application-level multicast techniques for content-based publication-subscription systems. We show that the communication costs depend heavily on the network configurations, distribution of publications and subscriptions. We devise new algorithms and adapt existing partitional data clustering algorithms. These algorithms can be used to determine multicast groups with as much commonality as possible, based on the totality of subscribers' interests. They perform well in the context of highly heterogeneous subscriptions, and they also scale well. An efficiency of 60% to 80% with respect to the ideal solution can be achieved with a small number of multicast groups (less than 100 in our experiments). Some of these same concepts can be applied to match publications to subscribers in real-time, and also to determine dynamically whether to unicast, multicast or broadcast information about the events over the network to the matched subscribers. We demonstrate the quality of our algorithms via simulation experiments.
Using constraint logic programming in memory synthesis for general purpose computers (1997)

Summary form only. In modern computer systems the performance is dominated by the memory performance. Currently, there is neither a systematic design methodology nor a tool for the design of memory systems for general purpose computers. We present a first approach to CAD support for this crucial subtask of system level design. Dependencies between influencing factors and design decisions are explicitly represented by constraints, and constraint logic programming is used to make the design decisions. The memory design is optimized with respect to several objectives by iterating the (re)design cycle. Event driven simulation is used for evaluation of the intermediate results. The system is organized as an interactive design assistant.
Tamoxifen for the treatment of malignancies other than breast and endometrial carcinoma. (1997)

Tamoxifen has been used most commonly to treat breast and endometrial cancer, two malignancies in which the antiestrogenic properties of tamoxifen have substantial therapeutic benefit. However, tamoxifen has been used in the treatment of other cancers as well, some in which an antiestrogen may be effective, but others in which estrogen receptor is not expressed. In estrogen receptor-negative cancers, tamoxifen has been shown to have therapeutic activity at doses approximately fourfold to eightfold above those used for estrogen receptor inhibition. It is thought that the primary mechanism of tamoxifen in estrogen-negative tumors is inhibition of protein kinase C. Clinical trials of tamoxifen in ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, desmoid tumors, malignant glioma, pancreatic carcinoma, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma are reviewed.
Coherent Digital Polarization Diversity Receiver for Real-Time Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK Transmission at 2.8 Gb/s (2007)

This letter presents a coherent digital polarization diversity receiver for real-time polarization-multiplexed synchronous quadrature phase-shift keying transmission with distributed feedback lasers at a data rate of 2.8 Gb/s. The tolerance against fast polarization changes and polarization-dependent loss is evaluated for different filter widths in the carrier recovery circuit. The minimum achieved bit-error rate is 3.4 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> .
Motile Behavior of Bacteria (2000)

Escherichia coli is a single-celled organism that lives in your gut. It is equipped with a set of rotary motors only 45 nm in diameter. Each motor drives a long, thin, helical filament that extends several cell body lengths out into the external medium. The assemblage of motor and filament is called a flagellum. The concerted motion of several flagella enables a cell to swim. A cell can move toward regions that it deems more favorable by measuring changes in the concentrations of certain chemicals in its environment (mostly nutrients), deciding whether life is getting better or worse, and then modulating the direction of rotation of its flagella. Thus, in addition to rotary engines and propellers, E. coli's standard accessories include particle counters, rate meters, and gear boxes. This microorganism is a nanotechnologist's dream. I will discuss the features that make it so, from the perspectives of several scientific disciplines: anatomy, genetics, chemistry, and physics.
Shape transformation for polyhedral objects (1992)

Techniques that transform one two-dimensionaf image into another have gained widespread use m recent yeara. Extending these techniques to transform pairs of 3D objects, as opposed to 2D images of the objects, providea several advsntagea, including the ability to snimate the objects independently of the transformation. This paper presents an algorithm for computing such transformations. The algorithm merges the topological structures of a pair of 3D polyhedral models into a common vertex/edgeJface network. This allows trsmsformations from one object to the other to be easily computed by interpolating between corresponding v@ex positions.
Measurement of DNA Double-Strand Break Yield in Human Cancer Cells by High-Current, Short-Duration Bunches of Laser-Accelerated Protons (2011)

To investigate the radiobiological effects of high dose rates that are attributed to high current, short bunch beam generation with laser-dreven ion acceleration, we have developed an experimental setup that uses laser-accelerated protons. In-vitro human lung cancer cells: A549 pulmonary adenocarcinoma are irradiated with a laser-accelerated proton bunches with a duration of 2×10 -8 s and flux of ∼10 15 cm -2 s -1 , amounting to single bunch absorbed dose at the 1 Gy level. The double-strand break (DSB) yield in cell DNA is analyzed for the laser-accelerated proton beam at an average LET of 41 keV/µm.
A NOTE ON PHASING LONG GENOMIC REGIONS USING LOCAL HAPLOTYPE PREDICTIONS (2006)

The common approaches for haplotype inference from genotype data are targeted toward phasing short genomic regions. Longer regions are often tackled in a heuristic manner, due to the high computational cost. Here, we describe a novel approach for phasing genotypes over long regions, which is based on combining information from local predictions on short, overlapping regions. The phasing is done in a way, which maximizes a natural maximum likelihood criterion. Among other things, this criterion takes into account the physical length between neighboring single nucleotide polymorphisms. The approach is very efficient and is applied to several large scale datasets and is shown to be successful in two recent benchmarking studies (Zaitlen et al., in press; Marchini et al., in preparation). Our method is publicly available via a webserver at http://research.calit2.net/hap/.
Survey on optical camera communications: challenges and opportunities (2015)

Wireless technologies based on radio frequencies (RFs) have always dominated other types of wireless technologies up until now. However, the recent proliferation of media‐rich smart devices has pushed the RF spectrum usage to its limit. Therefore RF band expansion towards the optical spectrum is imminent in commercial scale. Indeed, the research on wireless communications using the optical spectrum has gained tremendous ground during the past couple of decades and standardised, respectively, by infrared data association for infrared communication and IEEE 802.15.7 for visible light communication. However, only few shortcomings of the IEEE 802.15.7 standard have led to the development of a revised version, called IEEE 802.15.7r1. This article provides an insight on the activity of the proposed revision of IEEE 802.15.7r1. The proposed revision version targets communication systems that mainly use either image sensors or cameras, known as the optical camera communications (OCC). Leveraging the existing infrastructure, OCC systems will be able to provide ubiquitous coverage in both indoors and outdoors. The authors present their survey focusing on the key technology consideration in IEEE 802.15.7r1, current research status, impairments, enhancements and futuristic application scenarios of the OCC systems.
Evaluation of different methods to discriminate Bacillus anthracis from other bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group (2006)

This study gives an overview of the current microbiological and molecular methods used for identification of B. anthracis and shows that most assays have limits when borderline isolates present in environmental samples are analysed.
[A dried nutrient medium for the isolation of Vibrio cholerae]. (2000)

A dried differential nutrient medium for the isolation of V. cholerae has been developed. The medium is sufficiently sensitive, has pronounced differentiating properties and greatly inhibits the appearance of microbial associations. During the cultivation of V. cholerae with the use of this medium the cultural, morphological and agglutination properties of the initial strains are retained.
Color In Business Science and Industry (1952)

For a number of years the Optical Society of America has run parallel sessions one of which is devoted to papers on spectroscopy and the other to papers on color. The ardent spectroscopist has thus been carefully isolated from color problems since instantaneous transitions between the quantum levels of the Keystone and Georgian rooms have a low probability if they are not altogether excluded by some corollary of the Pauli principle. The few spectroscopists who have by some mischance gotten into the wrong session have probably left quickly since the technical language used by the color people is as forboding to applied spectroscopists as the terminology of spectroscopists is to their uninitiated brethern. Color is nevertheless a branch of applied spectroscopy even if it does not deal with the analysis of materials but rather with the appearance of materials.
The Extreme Values of Reflectivity and the Conditions for Zero Reflection from Thin Dielectric Films on Metal (1964)

The equations for the film thickness necessary to achieve the maximum and minimum values of reflectivity and the conditions for zero reflection for systems with one or two dielectric films over a metallic substrate are derived. Extension of results to multilayer systems are made on the basis of simple relationships obtained for the single- and double-layer systems in order to improve the effectiveness and the practical applicability of the systems. A simple system requiring an impractical value for film thickness or refractive index can be substituted by an equivalent symmetric multilayer system consisting of films with optical parameters within practical range of use.
Automatic fetal face detection from ultrasound volumes via learning 3D and 2D information (2009)

3D ultrasound imaging has been increasingly used in clinics for fetal examination. However, manually searching for the optimal view of the fetal face in 3D ultrasound volumes is cumbersome and time-consuming even for expert physicians and sonographers. In this paper we propose a learning-based approach which combines both 3D and 2D information for automatic and fast fetal face detection from 3D ultrasound volumes. Our approach applies a new technique - constrained marginal space learning - for 3D face mesh detection, and combines a boosting-based 2D profile detection to refine 3D face pose. To enhance the rendering of the fetal face, an automatic carving algorithm is proposed to remove all obstructions in front of the face based on the detected face mesh. Experiments are performed on a challenging 3D ultrasound data set containing 1010 fetal volumes. The results show that our system not only achieves excellent detection accuracy but also runs very fast - it can detect the fetal face from the 3D data in 1 second on a dual-core 2.0 GHz computer.