gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some observations on the urinary excretion of glycine conjugates by laboratory animals (1982)

1. An isotope dilution assay has been developed for measuring the amount of conjugated glycine present in urine. The average daily excretion of conjugated glycine by male and female mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit has been determined. 2. The glycine conjugates excreted by the four species have been identified. All species excreted only benzoylglycine and phenylacetylglycine. 3. The metabolism of [carboxy-14C]benzoic acid and [1-14C]phenylacetic acid has been investigated in the Sprague-Dawley rat. When administered over a range of concn. from 10 microgram/kg to 1g/kg, benzoic acid is converted to hippuric acid while phenylacetic acid is converted to phenylacetylglycine and phenylacetylglutamine. 4. Neither the rate of excretion nor the composition of the urinary metabolites arising from each acid is changed when low doses of one acid are co-administered with a high dose of the other. 5. The origin of the conjugated benzoic and phenylacetic acids is discussed.
[The function of respiratory muscles in healthy persons during tube breathing]. (1994)

The increase of work of breathing during the test is relatively small and is related especially to higher minute ventilation. The new test of respiratory chemosensitivity could be therefore accepted even for patients with respiratory disease.
High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Identification of the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii Complex (2011)

We have developed a two-step method based on high-resolution melting (HRM) that reliably identifies species from the Cryptococcus species complex (Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, and Cryptococcus gattii). Our results indicate that HRM can provide a fast protocol to identify and distinguish among the main Cryptococcus species.
<i>Studies on the Feasibility of the Determination of Sulfuric Acid Aerosol</i> in Auto Exhaust Gases by Laser Induced Infrared Excitation (1974)

Abstract The feasibility of determining sulfuric acid aerosol by laser-induced infrared emission has been demonstrated. Spectral emission from sulfuric acid was induced by focusing a carbon dioxide laser, with a principal lasing line of 10.6 microns, into sulfuric acid aerosol produced by an aspirator. The emission spectrum of excited sulfuric acid was somewhat different from the spectrum obtained by thermally heating the molecule. A characteristic sulfuric acid infrared emission band was then monitored to determine the sulfuric acid. Key Words: sulfuric acidauto exhaust
Root-Associated<i>Enterobacter</i>and<i>Klebsiella</i>in<i>Poa pratensis</i>: Characterization of an Iron-Scavenging System and a Substance Stimulating Root Hair Production (1990)

A bioactive compound causing increased production of root hairs was isolated and characterized from the culture supernatant of a strain of E. agglomerans. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of this compound proved that the bioactive substance was an auxin, indole-3-acetic acid. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the neutral extracts showed that the enterobacterial isolates produced at least 10 indole compounds from which eight were identified by GC-MS
Properties and an Anisotropic Model of Cancellous Bone From the Proximal Tibial Epiphysis (1982)

An investigation has been made of the source and magnitude of anisotropic material properties of cancellous bone in the proximal epiphysis of the human tibia. Results are reported for stiffness measurements made in three orthogonal directions on 21 cubes of cancellous bone before testing to failure along one of the three principal axes. The structure is approximately transversely isotropic. Strength and stiffness are linear with area fraction for loading along the isotropic axis. Strength is proportional to stiffness for all directions. A finite element model is proposed, based on experimental observations, which enables one to predict the elastic constants of cylindrically structured cancellous bone in the tibia from morphological measurements in the transverse plane.
Strength, But Not Muscle Mass, Is Associated With Mortality in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study Cohort (2006)

Low muscle mass did not explain the strong association of strength with mortality, demonstrating that muscle strength as a marker of muscle quality is more important than quantity in estimating mortality risk. Grip strength provided risk estimates similar to those of quadriceps strength.
Skin lesions, epilation and nail pigmentation in Marshallese and Americans accidentally contaminated with radioactive fallout (1955)

The majority of individuals exposed to fallout material complained of burning and itching of the skin during the first 24 to 48 hours after exposure. Epilation and skin lesions were observed, beginning approximately 2 to 3 weeks after exposure on skin areas contaminated with fallout. Bluish-brown pigmentation of the fingernails was a common finding. Individuals in the highest exposure group developed more extensive and severe lesions and epilation (90% of 64 people).
Highly confined optical modes in nanoscale metal-dielectric multilayers (2007)

We show that a stack of metal-dielectric nanolayers, in addition to the long- and short-range plasmon polaritons, guides also an entire family of modes strongly confined within the multilayer---the bulk plasmon polariton modes. We propose a classification scheme that reflects specific properties of these modes. We report experimental verification of the bulk modes by measuring modal indices in a structure made of three pairs of silica $(\ensuremath{\sim}29\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})∕\text{gold}$ $(\ensuremath{\sim}25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ layers.
Degradation of HER2 by Cbl-Based Chimeric Ubiquitin Ligases (2007)

Targeting disease-causing proteins for ubiquitination and degradation by chimeric molecules represents a promising alternative therapeutic strategy in cancer. Here, several Cbl-based chimeric ubiquitin ligases were recombined to achieve effective down-regulation of HER2. These chimeric molecules consisted of the Cbl NH(2)-terminal tyrosine kinase binding domain, linker, and RING domain, with the Src homology 2 domain replaced with that from growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2), Grb7, p85, or Src. The chimeric proteins not only interacted with HER2 but also enhanced the down-regulation of endogenous overexpressed HER2. After the chimeric proteins were introduced into HER2-overexpressing breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells or ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells, they effectively promoted HER2 ubiquitination and degradation in a RING finger domain-dependent manner. Consequently, expression of these chimeric molecules led to an inhibition of colony formation, increased the proportion of cells in the G(1) cycle, and suppressed tumorigenicity. Collectively, our findings suggest that the Cbl-based chimeric ubiquitin ligases designed in the present study may represent a novel approach for the targeted therapy of HER2-overexpressing cancers.
Optics system design applying a micro-prism array of a single lens stereo image pair (2008)

In this study we apply a micro-prism array technique to enable a single lens CCD to capture a stereo image for the simulation of double lens vision. A micro-prism array plate serves as the basis for design, which also improves the lightweight and portability of the overall system in addition to lowering the mass-production costs. Most important of all, this design possesses the characteristics of integration compatibility between general-purpose and video camera.
Modeling and control of the wafer temperatures in a diffusion furnace (1987)

In this paper the thermal behavior of a diffusion furnace is studied. The ultimate goal is to achieve control of the wafer temperatures. It is shown how some previous results from the literature on the behavior of wafer temperatures in a diffusion furnace are incomplete and partly erroneous. A control algorithm has been derived which achieves much better wafer-to-wafer uniformity than conventional control.
IMPROVED CONTROL FOR SELECTIVE MINIMIZATION OF MASKING USING INTER- CHANNEL DEPENDANCY EFFECTS (2008)

A digital audio effect for real time mixing applications, which dynamically adapts to the multi-channel input, has been imple-mented. The resulting audio mix is the direct result of the analy-sis of the content of each individual channel with respect to the other channels. The implementation permits the enhancement of a source with respect to the rest of the mixture by selectivity unmasking its spectral content from spectrally related channels. A masking measurement has also been implemented in order to measure the efficiency of the algorithm. 1.
Data Prediction + Synchronous Transmissions = Ultra-low Power Wireless Sensor Networks (2016)

Data prediction in wireless sensor networks replaces the commonly used (periodic) data reporting with a model, updated (infrequently) at the sink to accurately reproduce real data trends. This technique abates up to 99% of application messages; yet, recent work has shown it achieves "only" up to a 7x lifetime improvement when executed atop a mainstream network stack (e.g., CTP + BoX-MAC), as the idle listening and topology maintenance in the latter are ill-suited to the sparse traffic induced by data prediction. This paper presents a novel network stack designed for data prediction, CRYSTAL, that exploits synchronous transmissions to quickly and reliably transmit model updates when these occur (infrequently but often concurrently), and minimizes overhead during the (frequent) periods with no updates. Based on 90-node experiments in the Indriya testbed and with 7 public datasets, we show that CRYSTAL unleashes the full potential of data prediction, achieving per-mille duty cycle with perfect reliability and very small latency.
Manic Depressive Illness in Adolescence and Childhood: Review and Case Report (1979)

The literature on this topic from its inception by Kraepelin is reviewed. While Kraepelin and the French school always recognized juvenile mania, the Anglo-American school has no such unanimity of opinion. Less than 100 cases are described in the world literature. In Canada affective psychoses are rarely diagnosed under age 10 and of all affective psychoses admitted to institutions less than 5% are under age 20. The differences between child and adult mania are outlined. It is proposed that manic-depressive illness occurs in children but is not diagnosed more often because of its dissimilar presentation to the adult form and doubts about its existence in childhood. The case history of a 14 year old boy who presented in a hypomanic state is described. There was a strong family history of affective disorder. Both his parents and his half-sister were already on lithium for manic-depressive illness.
Reduced Expression of Aconitase Results in an Enhanced Rate of Photosynthesis and Marked Shifts in Carbon Partitioning in Illuminated Leaves of Wild Species Tomato (2003)

Wild species tomato (Lycopersicon pennellii) plants bearing a genetic lesion in the gene encoding aconitase (Aco-1; aconitate hydratase EC 4.2.1.3) were characterized at molecular and biochemical levels. The genetic basis of this lesion was revealed by cloning the wild-type and mutant alleles. The mutation resulted in lowered expression of the Aco-1 transcript and lowered levels of both cytosolic and mitochondrial aconitase protein and activity. After in silico analysis, we concluded that in the absence of a recognizable target sequence, the best explanation for the dual location of this protein is inefficient targeting. Biochemical analysis of leaves of the Aco-1 accession suggested that they exhibited a restricted flux through the Krebs cycle and reduced levels of Krebs cycle intermediates but were characterized by elevated adenylate levels and an enhanced rate of CO2 assimilation. Furthermore, the analysis of both steady-state metabolite levels and metabolic fluxes revealed that this accession also exhibited elevated rates of photosynthetic Suc synthesis and a corresponding increase in fruit yield. Therefore, we conclude that the Krebs cycle normally competes with the Suc synthetic pathway for carbon but is not essential for the supply of energy to fuel the operation of this pathway.
An intelligent framework for the cooperation in the extended enterprise environment (2011)

The important evolution of the economic context, and of the enterprises environment, these last decades, became increasingly complex and unforeseeable. The globalization of market as well as the customer's demand have become increasingly important, hence the inability of firms to meet the inherent needs of the client with acceptable production costs. The changes of the TIC (communication and information Technologies) and their democratization, have strongly influenced the companies organization, hence the need for having strategies of co-operation between firms. The enterprise tends, by necessity, towards partnership. The concept of extended enterprise generalizes this concept of extended enterprise: system interacting with its environment of under treating, suppliers, customers, administrations. In this article, we propose Framework of intelligent co-operation within the framework of the extended enterprise by adopting the technology of multi-agent systems and of the semantic Web service.
Synthesis of gold nanoplates by aspartate reduction of gold chlorideElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Fig. S1. UV/Visible-NIR extinction spectra of an aqueous dispersion of gold nanoparticles synthesized by tyrosine (a), phenylalanine (b), lysine (c), aspartate (d) and tryptophan (e). See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b315732f/ (2004)

Single crystal nanoplates with thickness less than 30 nm, characterized by hexagonal and truncated triangular shapes bounded mainly by [111] facets, were obtained in large quantities by aspartate reduction of gold chloride.
Design of Efficient Broadband Variolossers (1969)

This paper describes new variolosser circuits which are suitable for use in high quality broadband IF amplifiers operating at several hundred MHz, and offering substantial improvements in power consumption, temperature stability, bandshape stability, minimum attenuation and attenuation range. Three variolossers of this type are used in the automatic gain control for the IF amplifier used in the short hop radio system experiment. We present an analysis, a design procedure, and extensive measurements. As an example of the performance to be expected, one experimental vario-loser has a minimum attenuation of 1.35 dB, a maximum attenuation of 19.5 dB, and is flat to ±0.15 dB over a 40 percent band centered at 300 MHz.
Laser Aided Part Repair-A Review (2002)

Laser aided part-repair is an emerging trend that has great potential for future industrial applications. Part-repair technologies are currently used in repairing military and civilian equipment. The focus of this paper is to review the current repair processes, which use the laseraided metal deposition technology. Many metal parts, which are worn by continual use, can be restored to working condition by the deposition of metal with a laser and machining. This not only extends the life of the part, but also, saves on cost. A comparison between various processes, their parameters, efficiency, cost, and etc. are also presented. The process limitations, materials, and areas that are best suited for each process are also discussed.
Mechanism of tissue-specific farnesoid X receptor in suppressing the expression of genes in bile-acid synthesis in mice (2012)

The current study clearly elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism of hepatic versus intestinal Fxr in regulating the expression of genes critical for bile-acid synthesis and hydrophobicity in the liver.
The Role of Vascular Proliferation in the Growth of Brain Tumors (1976)

The formation of new blood vessels, i.e., angiogenesis, is a critical step in the evolution of a brain tumor from the earliest avascular phase to the clinically overt, vascular stage. For cerebral astrocytomas, intense capillary proliferation is a poor prognostic sign, associated with rapidly growing tumors. The in vivo production of a vasoformative substance can be demonstrated by transplanting human and experimental gliomas to the rabbit cornea. Intense neovascularization is elicited by the tumor and not by control tissues. If the same tumor is transplanted to the vitreous, thereby interrupting the vasoformative signal, the tumor remains in a dormant state for a prolonged period of time, despite its malignant potential. Inhibition of angiogenesis would be an important adjunct to the surgical treatment of gliomas.
Phosphoacceptors Threonine 162 and Serines 170 and 178 within the Carboxyl-Terminal RRRS/T Motif of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Make Multiple Contributions to Hepatitis B Virus Replication (2014)

Threonine 162, within the carboxyl-terminal end of the hepatitis B virus (HBV adw) core (C) protein, has long been ignored as a phosphoacceptor, even though it is highly conserved among mammalian hepadnaviruses and in the overlapping consensus RxxS/T, RRxS/T, and TP motifs. Here we show, for the first time, that in addition to the well-known phosphoacceptor serines 157, 164, and 172 in SPRRR motifs, threonine 162 and serines 170 and 178 in the RRRS/T motif are phosphorylated in cells. We also show that, like serines 157, 164, and 172, phosphorylated and dephosphorylated threonine 162 and serines 170 and 178 contribute to multiple steps of HBV replication, including pgRNA encapsidation, minus-strand and plus-strand DNA synthesis, and relaxed-circular DNA synthesis. Of these residues, threonine 162 is the most important. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation of C protein is required for efficient completion of HBV replication.
Individual and evolutionary variation of primate ribosomal DNA transcription initiation regions. (1984)

A 16-kilobase region surrounding the transcription initiation site for ribosomal DNA and including the entire ribosomal DNA transcription unit has been characterized in man and compared in higher primates. Restriction analysis of ribosomal DNA from the pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus), the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), the gibbon (Hylobates lar), and the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) allows a primate phylogeny to be constructed based on ribosomal DNA structure. Individual variation and methylation are demonstrated in the ribosomal DNA repeats of all primates examined. Restriction analysis with HincII endonuclease suggests cleavage at sites containing methylated CpG and adds the SalI/HincII pair to those enzymes useful for studying DNA modification.
Image processing for restoration of old film sequences (2003)

The old film restoration involves the development of image processing technology. We focus on the correction of film misalignment and the removal of blotches. In the restoration, the film is first read with a scanner, but the scanned sequence often suffers from irregular spatial vibration due to inaccurate frame alignment. This artifact is perceived as a flicker. Reduction of this flicker needs accurate knowledge of relative locations of scanned frames. Global interframe deformation contains such information. However, interframe deformation is also caused by camera work. Hence, we develop a robust correction method for estimating interframe misalignment separate from camera work and compensating for it. After the correction of interframe misalignment and the separation of camera work, the blotch removal can be performed by a filtering method. We present a spatiotemporal nonlinear restoration filter whose response is controlled according to the local anisotropic brightness continuity of a corrupted sequence.
Code discriminator for multiplexed binary offset carrier modulated signals (2008)

A new discriminator design is shown to work efficiently for the new multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) signals defined for the GPS and Galileo satellite navigation systems. A modified version is shown to be unambiguous for BOC(6,1).
Biogenic Ice Nuclei. Part II: Bacterial Sources (1976)

Transient appearance of ice nuclei active at temperatures of −2 to −5°C has been noted to accompany the natural decay of plant leaf materials. It was shown that the development of these nuclei results from the presence of a bacterium which was identified as Pseudomonas syringae. These bacteria produce highly active nuclei in a variety of growth media. Evidence points to the fact that the bacterial cells themselves are the nuclei, but that nucleating capacity is a rare and changeable property of the cells. The findings raise the possibility that bacteria may play a role in atmospheric precipitation processes.
Folate and Inflammation – links between folate and features of inflammatory conditions (2019)

Optimal folate levels may prevent endothelial dysfunction in inflammatory diseases.
Visual memory for natural scenes: Evidence from change detection and visual search (2006)

This paper reviews research examining the role of visual memory in scene perception and visual search. Recent theories in these literatures have held that coherent object representations in visual memory are fleeting, disintegrating upon the withdrawal of attention from an object. I discuss evidence demonstrating that, far from being transient, visual memory supports the accumulation of information from scores of individual objects in scenes, utilizing both visual short-term memory and visual long-term memory. In addition, I review evidence that memory for the spatial layout of a scene and memory for specific object positions can efficiently guide search within natural scenes.
Directly heated lanthanum hexaboride cathode (1986)

A directly heated, cylindrical LaB6 cathode has been tested in a multicusp plasma generator. Magnetic fields generated by the heater and the discharge current are minimized by the special coaxial construction, thus enabling electron emission at very low discharge voltages. At higher discharge voltage, a discharge current greater than 100 A has been obtained from a single cathode unit in a steady-state plasma source operation. When the discharge current exceeds 25 A, the cathode can be operated without any heater current. The emission temperature is maintained just by ion bombardment from the discharge plasma.
Functional Annotation of Two Orphan G-protein-coupled Receptors, Drostar1 and -2, from Drosophila melanogaster and Their Ligands by Reverse Pharmacology (2002)

By combining a Drosophila genome data base search and reverse transcriptase-PCR-based cDNA isolation, two G-protein-coupled receptors were cloned, which are the closest known invertebrate homologs of the mammalian opioid/somatostatin receptors. However, when functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injection of Drosophila orphan receptor RNAs together with a coexpressed potassium channel, neither receptor was activated by known mammalian agonists. By applying a reverse pharmacological approach, the physiological ligands were isolated from peptide extracts from adult flies and larvae. Edman sequencing and mass spectrometry of the purified ligands revealed two decapentapeptides, which differ only by an N-terminal pyroglutamate/glutamine. The peptides align to a hormone precursor sequence of the Drosophila genome data base and are almost identical to allatostatin C from Manduca sexta. Both receptors were activated by the synthetic peptides irrespective of the N-terminal modification. Site-directed mutagenesis of a residue in transmembrane region 3 and the loop between transmembrane regions 6 and 7 affect ligand binding, as previously described for somatostatin receptors. The two receptor genes each containing three exons and transcribed in opposite directions are separated by 80 kb with no other genes predicted between. Localization of receptor transcripts identifies a role of the new transmitter system in visual information processing as well as endocrine regulation.