gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide-band MMIC Kowari mixer/phase shifters (2001)

A series of wide-band image-reject monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit mixer/phase shifters were designed, fabricated, and tested for operation in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands. Mixers based on diode and resistive-high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) nonlinear elements are presented and compared in this paper. The diode-based Kowari mixers have a bandwidth of approximately 45%, with up- and down-conversion loss [RF to/from IF (in this paper, we use "IF," "LO," and "RF" to label the ports associated with particular signals, not necessarily to describe the nature of the signals themselves)] less than 10 dB and up-conversion output power greater than 0 dBm. At band center, the down-conversion loss is approximately 7 dB. The novel resistive-HEMT-based Kowari mixers have a measured IF-to-RF up-conversion loss of approximately 2 dB and LO-to-RF conversion loss of approximately 13 dB over 17-25.5 GHz. While both circuit types realize wide-band 360/spl deg/ phase shifters when appropriate control voltages are applied, the resistive-HEMT-based Kowari has better linearity and a smaller insertion loss.
A pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation of oral budesonide given as controlled‐release (Entocort) capsules (2003)

A major fraction of budesonide is released in the ileum and throughout the colon, the intended target for the controlled-release formulation. The prandial state has little effect on budesonide uptake.
Recombinant<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>inhibits house dust mite-specific T-cell responses (2001)

Recent evidence suggests that chronic exposure to lactobacilli, which are part of the normal intestinal flora, inhibits the development of allergic disorders. Allergy is mediated by Th2 cells, which produce high levels of IL4 and IL5, and suppressive effects of lactic acid bacteria on the development of allergy have been attributed to their Th1-inducing properties. On the other hand, lactic acid bacteria have also been shown to suppress autoimmune disorders which are mediated by Th1 cells producing high levels of IFNgamma. To study this apparent discrepancy, the immunomodulatory potential of lactobacilli was evaluated using recombinants that express an immunodominant T-cell epitope of Der p 1 of house dust mites. Mucosal immunization of C57BL/6 J mice with such recombinants resulted in the induction of T cells which produced low amounts of IFNgamma. Immunization with the house dust mite peptide followed by treatment with recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum resulted in the inhibition of both IFNgamma and IL5 production. The effect on IFNgamma production was shown to be a non-specific effect of L. plantarum. The effect on IL5 production, however, was only observed when the recombinant expressing the Der p 1 peptide, but not the control recombinant, was used for treatment. Neither of the recombinants had an effect on the antibody response. Taken together, these data suggest that recombinant L. plantarum may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of allergic disorders.
Association Between Orientation and Magnitude of Femoral Torsion and Propensity for Clinically Meaningful Improvement After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Computed Tomography Analysis (2021)

The orientation and severity of femoral torsion at the time of hip arthroscopy for FAIS did not influence the propensity for clinically significant outcome improvement.
"Healthy parks, health people" and other social capital initiatives of Parks Victoria, Australia (2003)

In the Australian state of Victoria, Parks Victoria is the state government’s statutory organization uniquely responsible for the management of national (terrestrial and marine) and state parks and reserves, together with a variety of major urban parks and regional open space in Melbourne. It additionally is responsible for the management of recreational use of two bays adjacent to the metropolitan area. In all, Parks Victoria manages over 4 million hectares of land-based parks that attract some 36 million visits annually.
Substrate fed logic (1975)

A novel form of integrated injection logic (I/SUP 2/L) is described, in which the device structure has been designed specifically for high packing density and low power-delay product. The basic logic element is a multi-input, multi-output gate, formed in a single-base land by using several diffused collectors and several Schottky base contacts. The lateral p-n-p injector of conventional I/SUP 2/L has been replaced by a vertical arrangement. Factors affecting packing density and power-delay product in I/SUP 2/L are analyzed and design considerations for the new structure are given. A preliminary process to demonstrate the feasibility of the vertical injector is described and the measured transistor parameters and power-delay product are given. Experiments to determine suitable conditions for the formation of Schottky barrier diodes are presented, and satisfactory performance for the complete process is demonstrated.
Multilevel circuit partitioning (1997)

Recent work has illustrated the promise ofmultilevel approaches for partitioning large circuits. Multilevel partitioningrecursively clusters the instance until its size is smallerthan a given threshold, then unclusters the instance while applyinga partitioning refinement algorithm. Our multilevel partitioner usesa new technique to control the number of levels in the matching-basedclustering phase and also exploits recent innovations in classiciterative partitioning. Our heuristic outperforms numerousexisting bipartitioning heuristics, with improvements rangingfrom 6.9 to 27.9% for 100 runs and 3.0 to 20.6% for just 10 runs(while also using less CPU time).
Combining fibre optic Raman spectroscopy and tactile resonance measurement for tissue characterization (2010)

﻿Tissue characterization is fundamental for identification of pathological conditions. Raman spectroscopy (RS) and tactile resonance measurement (TRM) are two promising techniques that measure bioc ...
The IKK Inhibitor Bay 11-7082 Induces Cell Death Independent from Inhibition of Activation of NFκB Transcription Factors (2013)

Multiple myeloma (MM) displays an NFκB activity-related gene expression signature and about 20% of primary MM samples harbor genetic alterations conducive to intrinsic NFκB signaling activation. The relevance of blocking the classical versus the alternative NFκB signaling pathway and the molecular execution mechanisms involved, however, are still poorly understood. Here, we comparatively tested NFκB activity abrogation through TPCA-1 (an IKK2 inhibitor), BAY 11-7082 (an IKK inhibitor poorly selective for IKK1 and IKK2), and MLN4924 (an NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE)-inhibitor), and analyzed their anti-MM activity. Whereas TPCA-1 interfered selectively with activation of the classical NFκB pathway, the other two compounds inhibited classical and alternative NFκB signaling without significant discrimination. Noteworthy, whereas TPCA-1 and MLN4924 elicited rather mild anti-MM effects with slight to moderate cell death induction after 1 day BAY 11-7082 was uniformly highly toxic to MM cell lines and primary MM cells. Treatment with BAY 11-7082 induced rapid cell swelling and its initial effects were blocked by necrostatin-1 or the ROS scavenger BHA, but a lasting protective effect was not achieved even with additional blockade of caspases. Because MLN4924 inhibits the alternative NFκB pathway downstream of IKK1 at the level of p100 processing, the quite discordant effects between MLN4924 and BAY 11-7082 must thus be due to blockade of IKK1-mediated NFκB-independent necrosis-inhibitory functions or represent an off-target effect of BAY 11-7082. In accordance with the latter, we further observed that concomitant knockdown of IKK1 and IKK2 did not have any major short-term adverse effect on the viability of MM cells.
Privacy-Preserving Data Linkage and Geocoding: Current Approaches and Research Directions (2006)

Data linkage is the task of matching and aggregating records that relate to the same entity from one or more data sets. A related technique is geocoding, the matching of addresses to their geographic locations. As data linkage is often based on personal information (like names and addresses), privacy and confidentiality are of paramount importance. In this paper we present an overview of current approaches to privacy-pre serving data linkage, and discuss their limitations. Using real-world scenarios we illustrate the significance of developing improved techniques for automated, large scale and distributed privacy-pre serving linking and geocoding. We then discuss four core research areas that need to be addressed in order to make linking and geocoding of large confidential data collections feasible
Gallium arsenide and aluminum gallium arsenide reactive ion etching in boron trichloride/argon mixtures (1987)

GaAs and Al0.3Ga0.7As were reactive ion etched in a mixture of boron trichloride and argon. The effects of the independent variables such as the time, power, pressure, and gas composition on the etch depth as well as the quality of the resulting etched surfaces were analyzed through a multiple linear regression approach. This provided second-order equations with an excellent ability to describe experimental results. The etching conditions for GaAs and AlGaAs were compared and optimum parameters for equal rate etching of GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As layers with straight walls were obtained. These were then sucessfully applied to the high-resolution structuring of multiple quantum well layers, and structures as small as 40 nm were etched. The addition of oxygen to the etch gas produced a high-quality etch for GaAs with &gt;5:1 rate selectivity over Al0.3Ga0.7As.
A proposal of nanoscale devices based on atom/molecule switching (1993)

This paper proposes a very small switching device, called an atom relay, which would supersede present metal-oxide-semiconductor devices for the next decade. The basic configuration of an atom relay consists of an atom wire, a switching atom, and a switching gate, with total dimensions below 10 nm, and an operation speed at more than terahertz level. The operation principle of the atom relay is that a switching atom is displaced from the atom wire by the electric field supplied from the switching gate, and the atom relay exhibits an ‘‘off’’ state. The switching characteristics of the atom relay are demonstrated by simulation, and it is shown that the electron propagation is successfully cut if a gap of about 0.4 nm is formed in the atom wire by the displacement of the switching atom. A self-relay structure, in which the switching atom is displaced by the electric field from the atom wire itself, enables a dynamic memory cell, and the functions are ascertained by simulation. Fundamental logic circuits as NAND and NOR gate constitutions are also proposed. These logic and memory circuits can integrate a supercomputer in a 200-μm-square of area, with 107 gates of logic circuit and 109 bits of memory, and operate at more than 1012 Hz. The atom relay is evaluated on the basis of the characteristics necessary for integrated circuit devices, together with several nanoscale devices, and is found to be the most promising candidate device for future integrated circuits.
Performance-driven multi-FPGA partitioning using functional clustering and replication (1998)

This paper presents a new performance-driven partitioning method for multi-FPGA designs. The proposed method consists of three steps: (1) functional-cluster formation, (2) slack computation, and (3) set-covering based partitioning with functional replication. The proposed method performs multi-FPGA partitioning by taking into account path delays and design structural information. We introduce a functional replication technique which performs circuit replications at the functional cluster level instead of the cell level for delay and interconnect minimization. Experimental results on a number of benchmarks and industrial designs demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high-performance and high-density multi-FPGA partitions.
STIMULATION OF RAT CEREBELLAR GUANOSINE 3‘,5’‐CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE (CYCLIC GMP) LEVELS: EFFECTS OF AMINO ACID ANTAGONISTS (1981)

1 The ability of glutamate, aspartate and related neuroexcitants to produce large calcium-dependent increases in the levels of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in immature rat cerebellar slices has been demonstrated. 2 These effects were inhibited by selective antagonist compounds, indicating the presence of at least two types of excitatory amino acid receptor mediating the cyclic GMP response. 3 Protoveratrine also produced large increases in cyclic GMP, and this action was antagonized by L-glutamate diethylester suggesting that released endogenous glutamate, subsequently interacting with its postsynaptic receptors, is the predominant mechanism. 4 The kinetic characteristics of several of the inhibitor compounds were investigated.
Internalized Tau Oligomers Cause Neurodegeneration by Inducing Accumulation of Pathogenic Tau in Human Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Several independent studies have implicated tau protein as central to Alzheimer's disease progression and cell-to-cell pathology propagation. In this study, we investigated the ability of different tau species to propagate pathology in human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, which to date has not been shown. We demonstrated that tau oligomers, but not monomers, induce accumulation of pathological, hyperphosphorylated tau. This effect was accompanied with neurite degeneration, loss of synapses, aberrant calcium homeostasis, imbalanced neurotransmitter release, and ultimately with neuronal death. This study bridges various tau pathological phenotypes into a single and relevant induced pluripotent stem cell neuronal model of human disease that can be applied to the discovery of the mechanisms of tau-induced neurodegeneration.
THE USE OF SCATTERING MATRIX TO MODEL MULTI-MODAL ARRAY INSPECTION WITH THE TFM (2009)

The scattering coefficient matrix describes the far field amplitude of scattered signals from a scatterer as a function of incident and scattering angles. In this paper an FE model is used to predict scattering matrices. By combining the predicted scattering coefficient matrix with a ray tracing model to predict the full matrix of array data, an efficient forward model of the complete array inspection process is presented. Longitudinal wave, shear waves and wave mode conversions are considered in the model. The TFM images for various wave mode combination cases from a weld sample are predicted and measured. Results show that by selecting the optimum array mode combination a good image for a given defect in the weld sample can be produced using an array. It is also shown how the model can be used to optimize the array inspection configuration.
Methods for Characterizing Convective Cryoprobe Heat Transfer in Ultrasound Gel Phantoms (2012)

While cryosurgery has proven capable in treating of a variety of conditions, it has met with some resistance among physicians, in part due to shortcomings in the ability to predict treatment outcomes. Here we attempt to address several key issues related to predictive modeling by demonstrating methods for accurately characterizing heat transfer from cryoprobes, report temperature dependent thermal properties for ultrasound gel (a convenient tissue phantom) down to cryogenic temperatures, and demonstrate the ability of convective exchange heat transfer boundary conditions to accurately describe freezing in the case of single and multiple interacting cryoprobe(s). Temperature dependent changes in the specific heat and thermal conductivity for ultrasound gel are reported down to -150 °C for the first time here and these data were used to accurately describe freezing in ultrasound gel in subsequent modeling. Freezing around a single and two interacting cryoprobe(s) was characterized in the ultrasound gel phantom by mapping the temperature in and around the "iceball" with carefully placed thermocouple arrays. These experimental data were fit with finite-element modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics, which was used to investigate the sensitivity and effectiveness of convective boundary conditions in describing heat transfer from the cryoprobes. Heat transfer at the probe tip was described in terms of a convective coefficient and the cryogen temperature. While model accuracy depended strongly on spatial (i.e., along the exchange surface) variation in the convective coefficient, it was much less sensitive to spatial and transient variations in the cryogen temperature parameter. The optimized fit, convective exchange conditions for the single-probe case also provided close agreement with the experimental data for the case of two interacting cryoprobes, suggesting that this basic characterization and modeling approach can be extended to accurately describe more complicated, multiprobe freezing geometries. Accurately characterizing cryoprobe behavior in phantoms requires detailed knowledge of the freezing medium's properties throughout the range of expected temperatures and an appropriate description of the heat transfer across the probe's exchange surfaces. Here we demonstrate that convective exchange boundary conditions provide an accurate and versatile description of heat transfer from cryoprobes, offering potential advantages over the traditional constant surface heat flux and constant surface temperature descriptions. In addition, although this study was conducted on Joule-Thomson type cryoprobes, the general methodologies should extend to any probe that is based on convective exchange with a cryogenic fluid.
Antioxidant Control of Rancidity Development in Ground Turkey Meat (1980)

Refrigerated raw ground turkey meat using natural proportions (2:1 breast:thigh) undergoes oxidative randicity rapidly. Various antioxidants were used in different combinations to delay rancidity development and increase shelflife. The antioxidants used were butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and silicone. The percentages of each antioxidant added to the ground meat were based on the fat content. A .01% level was used for BHA and BHT and 1 ppm was used for silicone. Standard plate counts were also studied to determine when the stored meat became unacceptable due to microbiological growth. The ground meat was stored at 4 C up to 14 days. The 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values indicated that the combinations of BHA + BHT and BHA + BHT + silicone retarded development of oxidative rancidity to a greater extent than addition of silicone alone when compared to the control. Microbiological spoilage was assumed to take place after approximately eight days of refrigerated storage when counts reached 107 numbers. However, the sensory panel members rated the ground turkey meat containing BHA + BHT and BHA + BHT + silicone acceptable through 10 days of storage.
Facile assignment of sequence ions of a peptide labelled with <sup>18</sup> O at the carboxyl terminus (1991)

The combination of collision-induced dissociation (CID) and linked-scan analysis was used for analysing the sequence ions from the precursor ion of a peptide, which had been labelled with 18O at its carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) using 40 atom % H2 18O. The CID and linked-scan mass spectrum of the labelled peptide gave two series of sequence-ion signals: the one, originating from the C-terminus of the labelled peptide, showed a doublet signal due to the part-incorporation of 18O into the carboxyl group at the C-terminus, while the other, originating from the amino terminus (N-terminus), has the natural isotopic ion distribution. From the distribution of the isotopic ions in a single CID spectrum, the sequence ions containing the C-terminus could be readily differentiated from those containing the N-terminus, allowing the facile assignment of sequence ions to the amino-acid sequence of a peptide by CID and linked-scan analysis. This method was successfully applied to determination of the amino-acid sequence of the light-chain of mouse anti-porphyrin monoclonal antibody.
Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds (1994)

The two hypervalent iodine reagent systems: (i) iodobenzene diacetate (IBD) in methanolic potassium hydroxide and (ii) [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (HTIB) in a neutral solvent system in conjugation with an appropriate reagent find extensive use in the synthesis of a wide variety of heterocyclic compounds. The present Account is focussed on our results on this topic of current interest. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of Heterocycles Using Iodobenzene Diacetate in Methanolic Potassium Hydroxide 2.1. 2-Aroylcoumaran-3-ones 2.2. Flavonoids 2.2.1. cis- and trans-3-Hydroxyflavanones and 2-Furyl Analogues 2.2.2. C(3)-Hydroxylation of Chromones, Flavones and α-Naphthoflavone 3. HTIB Induced Syntheses of Heterocycles 3.1. Heterocycles and Bridgehead Heterocycles Based on the Analogy of α-Tosyloxy Ketones and α-Halogeno Ketones 3.1.1. 2-Amino Substituted Amino and Related Thiazoles (Modified Hantzsch Thiazole Synthesis) T 3.1.2. Selenazoles 3.1.3. 2-Hydroxy- and 2-Mercaptothiazoles 3.1.4. 2-Mercaptoimidazoles (Modified Marckwald's Synthesis) 3.1.5. 2,4-Diaryloxazoles via α-Aroyloxyacetophenones 3.1.6. Pyrazoles 3.1.7. Benzofurans via α-Aryloxyacetophenones 3.1.8. 2-Aroylcoumaran-3 -ones 3.1.9. Bridgehead Heterocycles 3.2. Some Miscellaneous Examples 3.2.1. Flavanones → Isoflavones 3.2.2. Flavanones → Flavones 3.3. 5-Substituted 2-Aryl-4-methyloxazoles 4. Conclusions 5. References
Bounds on the benefits of interaction in distributed source coding for function computation (2015)

In this paper, we study a setting in which two terminals A and B respectively observe, or measure, two memoryless, possibly statistically dependent, sources X and Y; and they interact bidirectionally in the aim of computing, at terminal B, a function fB(X;Y) of the two sources. Essentially, we establish upper bounds on the maximum gain that can be brought up by the interaction, in terms of minimum sum rate improvement for a given average distortion. In particular, we show that this gain is bounded by the redundancy of the one-message minimal rate for computing the function fB(X;Y) in the case in which Terminal A does not know the side information Y over the one-message minimal rate for computing the same function with the same tolerance but with Terminal A informed about the side information Y. That is, the redundancy of the one-message Wyner-Ziv rate-distortion function for function computation over the one-message conditional rate-distortion function for function computation. In the special case of lossy source reproduction, the bound reduces to the rate loss of the Wyner-Ziv problem as studied by Zamir in the case of a difference distortion measure. In the case of lossy function computation, we use this bound to establish an alternate bound that is generally easier to compute. Furthermore, we also apply the results to some important special cases, thus allowing us to gain some fundamental insights on the benefits of the interaction for both lossless and lossy function computations in these cases.
A break in the clouds (2008)

This paper discusses the concept of Cloud Computing to achieve a complete definition of what a Cloud is, using the main characteristics typically associated with this paradigm in the literature. More than 20 definitions have been studied allowing for the extraction of a consensus definition as well as a minimum definition containing the essential characteristics. This paper pays much attention to the Grid paradigm, as it is often confused with Cloud technologies. We also describe the relationships and distinctions between the Grid and Cloud approaches.