gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Assist: Present and Future (1986)

Fulminant hepatic failure due to acute massive liver cell necrosis is a complex pathophysiological entity, and treatment is still unsatisfactory. Artificial liver supports such as hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, and plasmapheresis have recently been used clinically to treat fulminant hepatic failure. However, survival rate has not improved as expected, although the consciousness of the patient has improved frequently. In this article the present status of clinical artificial liver support and basic research of hybrid artificial liver will be discussed. Moreover, the future aspects of total artificial liver support and hepatocyte transplantation for chronic liver failure will be introduced.
An Efficient Strategy for Managing Acute Respiratory Illness in Adults (1980)

A safe, effective, and efficient clinical algorithm (management rule) for the care of adults with acute respiratory illness by nonphysician providers is presented. The algorithm was created from a data base collected on more than 5000 patients and prospectively evaluated on an additional 2637. It eliminates unhelpful diagnostic tests and minimizes physician involvement in patient care without compromising clinical standards, illness outcome, or patient satisfaction. Total direct medical care costs when the algorithm was used were approximately 40% of those costs generated by physicians managing similar patients, primarily because the algorithm directed an 80% reduction in a diagnostic test costs. The results suggest that significant savings can result when algorithms are used in the care of ambulatory patients with common illnesses.
Malicious Data Attacks on the Smart Grid (2011)

Malicious attacks against power systems are investigated, in which an adversary controls a set of meters and is able to alter the measurements from those meters. Two regimes of attacks are considered. The strong attack regime is where the adversary attacks a sufficient number of meters so that the network state becomes unobservable by the control center. For attacks in this regime, the smallest set of attacked meters capable of causing network unobservability is characterized using a graph theoretic approach. By casting the problem as one of minimizing a supermodular graph functional, the problem of identifying the smallest set of vulnerable meters is shown to have polynomial complexity. For the weak attack regime where the adversary controls only a small number of meters, the problem is examined from a decision theoretic perspective for both the control center and the adversary. For the control center, a generalized likelihood ratio detector is proposed that incorporates historical data. For the adversary, the trade-off between maximizing estimation error at the control center and minimizing detection probability of the launched attack is examined. An optimal attack based on minimum energy leakage is proposed.
On a Method of Calculation of Semi-Invariants (1959)

Let $\eta = Q(\xi )$ be the polynomial transformation of the random variable $\xi $. The following rule is introduced in this article in order to calculate the semi-invariants of $\eta $ from the semi-invariants of $\xi $. It is necessary 1. to express the moments of $\eta $ in terms of those of $\xi $ according to (III), 2. to replace in (III) the expression for the moments of $\xi $with their semi-invariants according to (I.a), 3. to cancel some terms in the expression obtained according to the law formulated in the theorem. By employing this rule in § 4, we have calculated all the semi-invariants of the random function depending quadratically on Laplace’s function.
Medicina on-line (1997)

Desde hace unos dias, la red espanola cuenta con un servidor dedicado al mundo de la medicina, donde especialistas y publico pueden adentrarse en esta apasionante ciencia. Son los nuevos campos de Internet.
The dementias of Parkinson's disease: prevalence, characteristics, neurobiology, and comparison with dementia of the Alzheimer type. (1988)

Overt dementia occurs in 40% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, but neuropsychological testing indicates that mental status changes are ubiquitous. The characteristics of the intellectual changes in PD are those of subcortical dementia and include impaired recall, visuospatial disturbances, executive deficits, bradyphrenia, and depression. Language function is largely uninvolved. These features contrast with the neuropsychological abnormalities of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) where language and memory encoding are prominently affected and depression is rare. The dopaminergic deficit of PD is complicated in some patients by a cholinergic deficit and in others by DAT. Several dementia syndromes exist within PD, reflecting the superimposition of different types of pathologies and multiple neurotransmitter deficits.
A Mild and Efficient Preparation of Carbodiimides (1995)

Abstract Mono and diaryl carbodiimides were prepared in high yield under mild conditions by treating a thiourea with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine and DMAP.
Immunohistochemical localization of annexin V (CaBP33) in rat organs. (1991)

We investigated the cellular distribution of annexin V (CaBP33) in rat tissues by immunohistochemistry. Several cell types were shown to express the protein. Glial cells in the cerebellum and in the optic nerve, the corneal epithelium, the posterior epithelium in the iris, chondrocytes, skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, the capillary endothelial cells in many organs, the muscularis mucosae and the muscular layer in the intestinal tract, hepatocytes, Müller cells in the retina, the lens fibers, Sertoli and Leydig cells in the testis, and smooth muscle cells in the epididymis and bronchi displayed intense immunostaining. In the adrenal gland, only the cortex showed immunoreaction product. In the kidney, no apparent staining of renal cells was observed, whereas endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries were stained. In the heart, annexin V was found associated exclusively with the sarcolemma and intercalated discs, as opposed to the diffuse distribution of the protein in skeletal muscle cells. In the spleen, only reticular elements in the white pulp and endothelial cells in the red pulp appeared to be immunostained. The present data complement the biochemical work thus far done on annexin V and suggest that the protein is neither restricted to secretory cells nor exclusively related to exocytotic events in secretory cells.
Sparse selection of reference beams for wavelength-and angular-multiplexed volume holography (1995)

The selection of reference beams for cross-talk-limited wavelength- and angular-multiplexed volume-holographic data storage is discussed. It is shown that sparse selection of the reference waves can lead to a significant improvement in the cross-talk-limited signal-to-noise ratio in a wavelength-multiplexed system. In a high-capacity angular-multiplexed system sparse selection offers essentially no advantage.
Inhibition of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (1999)

Migration of lymphocytes from the blood into the brain is a critical event in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Lymphocyte adhesion to brain endothelium is the first step in lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system, leading subsequently to myelin damage and paralysis. In this paper we show that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG490, prevents binding of freshly isolated mouse lymph node cells and of in vivo activated lymphocytes to endothelium of inflamed brain in Stamper-Woodruff adhesion assays. Moreover, AG490 inhibits adhesion of encephalitogenic T cell lines to purified ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, molecules implicated in T cell recruitment into the central nervous system. In contrast, 2-h treatment of T cell lines with high doses of tyrphostin AG490 have no effect on the viability, intracellular calcium elevation induced by Con A or TCR cross-linking, proliferation, or TNF production by Ag-stimulated T cell lines. Systemic administration of AG490 prevents the accumulation of leukocytes in the brain and the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid protein, peptide 139-151-specific T cell lines in SJL/J mice. Blood leukocytes isolated from mice treated with tyrphostin AG490 are less adhesive on purified very late Ag-4 ligands compared with adhesion of leukocytes from control animals. Our results suggest that inhibition of signaling pathways involved in lymphocyte adhesion may represent a novel therapeutic approach for demyelinating diseases.
A General Additive Data Perturbation Method for Database Security (1999)

The security of organizational databases has received considerable attention in the literature in recent years. This can be attributed to a simultaneous increase in the amount of data being stored in databases, the analysis of such data, and the desire to protect confidential data. Data perturbation methods are often used to protect confidential, numerical data from unauthorized queries while providing maximum access and accurate information to legitimate queries. To provide accurate information, it is desirable that perturbation does not result in a change in relationships between attributes. In the presence of nonconfidential attributes, existing methods will result in such a change. This study describes a new method (General Additive Data Perturbation) that does not change relationships between attributes. All existing methods of additive data perturbation are shown to be special cases of this method. When the database has a multivariate normal distribution, the new method provides maximum security and minimum bias. For nonnormal databases, the new method provides better security and bias performance than the multiplicative data perturbation method.
Anatomical Fistulectomy. (1992)

痔瘻の根治術に際して,最近は括約筋温存術式が我が国でも重要視されている.しかしこの括約筋温存術式の欠点として,瘻管のすべてが確認あるいは切除されていないということに加え,正常組織とりわけ括約筋との関連性が十分把握されないことがある.したがって機能温存という点では優れているとしても,痔瘻の根治という点では従来の瘻管開放あるいは切除術式に比していささか後退した感がある,この両者を完全に満足させるために,私は痔瘻の全長にわたって周囲組織とりわけ括約筋との関係をすべて確認し,正常組織を傷つけることなく瘻管をすべて切除し,総修復するやり方を行い,これを「解剖学的痔瘻根治術」と称している,現在までかなりの症例に行っているが,その成績は従来の術式に比して非常に優れており,さらには以上に述べた長所に加えて教育学的意義,痔瘻の発生の解明と治療の向上といった研究面でも大いに寄与するところがあると考える.
Pre‐culture period of mesenchymal stem cells in osteogenic media influences their <i>in vivo</i> bone forming potential (2007)

The objective of this study was to investigate if the in vitro pre-culture period in osteogenic media of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), influences their ability to regenerate bone when implanted in a critical size cranial defect. MSCs were harvested from the bone marrow of 6-8 weeks old male Fisher rats and expanded in vitro in osteogenic media for different time periods (4, 10, and 16 days) in tissue culture plates (TCP), seeded on sintered titanium fiber meshes without the extracellular matrix (ECM) generated in vitro, and implanted in the rat cranium after 12 h. Thirty two adult Fisher rats received the implants, divided in four groups. Three groups were implanted with cells cultured for 4, 10, or 16 days in osteogenic media and at that time their alkaline phosphatase activity and mineral deposition denoted that they were at different stages of their osteoblastic maturation (undifferentiated MSC, committed, and mature Osteoblasts, respectively). MSCs cultured without osteogenic media for 6 days were used as controls. The constructs were retrieved 4 weeks later and processed for histomorphometric analysis. Implants seeded with cells that have been cultured with osteogenic media for only 4 days revealed the highest bone formation. The lowest bone formation was obtained with the implants seeded with MSCs cultured for 16 days in the presence of osteogenic media. The results of this study suggested that the in vitro pre-culture period of MSCs is a critical factor for their ability to regenerate bone when implanted to an orthotopic site.
Full Color Reflective Electronic Media (2011)

Just as HP is leading the transition to individually tailored content consumption for printed media with variable data printing from its digital presses, it is also actively pursuing full-color reflective display technologies as an electronic media in support of low-power applications for digital content consumption. A great challenge in realizing the potential of reflective electronic media is achieving vivid full colors that match or exceed the color gamut described by printing standards such as the Specifications for Newsprint Advertising Production (SNAP). Based on the principles of color printing, a stacked device design using a novel electrokinetic architecture has been proposed that offers the potential for achieving or exceeding SNAP's color gamut. Proprietary electrically addressable imaging fluids (electronic inks) have been developed to support such design. Electronic inks with CMY primary colors have been demonstrated to exceed the chroma values of SNAP in a single layer. Integrated into a stack of electro-optic layers employing HP's electrokinetic architecture, these inks have enabled a reflective full-color electronic media demonstrator built on roll-to-roll manufacturing platform with a color gamut approaching that of the SNAP standard. In this paper we report the development of full color electronic inks and demonstration of stacked full color reflective segmented and pixilated active matrix devices.
A Study of Trojan Propagation in Online Social Networks (2012)

Online Social Networks (OSNs) are generally based on real social relations. Hence, malware writers are taking advantage of this fact to propagate their viral code into OSNs. In recent years, major OSNs, such as Facebook, were extensively under malware attacks. These attacks commonly lead to hundreds of thousands of compromised accounts that may bear personal and even confidential information. In this paper, different types of malware in OSNs are discussed. Then, this paper investigates the attacking vector of the Trojan type malware in OSNs. First, the clustering coefficient which is one of the main OSN graph characteristics is examined through simulation. It is shown that the clustering coefficient has a linear effect on the speed of Trojans. Second, the effect of user behavior is studied using different user reactions to malicious posts. Through simulations, we show that, if Trojans try to deceive users by choosing interesting topics, the speed of propagation will be increased exponentially. This effect raises the significance of giving security knowledge to avoid designated social engineered posts. Finally, we suggest adjustment to the current model for malware propagation in scale-free networks to consider the effect of clustering coefficient and the user behaviors.
A Thermal Model For Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) (2018)

A thennal model for Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) has been developed. The\nmodel is based on 3-dimensional transient heat conduction in a rectangular geometry LOM part.\nHeat transfer from the heated roller to the laminated part as well as heat loss to the surroundings\nand the base plate are considered. It allows calculation of the transient temperature distribution\nwithin the part during the application of a new layer as well as during other periods of the LOM\nbuild cycle. To verify the model performance, thennocouples were embedded every 4th layer in a\n20-layer ceramic part while it was being built on a standard LOM-2030. The model predictions are\nin excellent agreement with the measured temperature profiles. In addition to explaining the\nobserved thennal behavior ofLOM parts, model predictions also have direct application to on-line\ncontrol ofthe part temperature during the build process, to be discussed herein.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NEW AMINO ACID SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES (2016)

In this study, four new and two known amino acid Schiff base compounds derived from the condensation reaction of benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde, pyridine-2-carbaldehyde, fluorene-2-carbaldehyde and terephthalaldehyde with 2-phenylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride have been synthesized by both conventional method and microwave irradiation protocol. The new compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, LC-MS and electronic spectral studies. A comparative study between conventional heating and microwave irradiation has also been reported. Based on these results, with the microwave synthesis, the yield of the products was increased from 37% upto 96% as compared to conventional method. By microwave, reactions were completed within 5.5-8.5 minutes and the products were obtained in good to high yields, with reduced time, waste, and formation byproduct. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effect were performed to determine antioxidant activities of the new compounds. All of the compounds exhibited significant activities in DPPH radical scavenging.
Co-clustering Documents and Words Using Bipartite Isoperimetric Graph Partitioning (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel graph theoretic approach to the problem of document-word co-clustering. In our approach, documents and words are modeled as the two vertices of a bipartite graph. We then propose isoperimetric co-clustering algorithm (ICA) - a new method for partitioning the document-word bipartite graph. ICA requires a simple solution to a sparse system of linear equations instead of the eigenvalue or SVD problem in the popular spectral co-clustering approach. Our extensive experiments performed on publicly available datasets demonstrate the advantages of ICA over spectral approach in terms of the quality, efficiency and stability in partitioning the document-word bipartite graph.
Induction of erythroid differentiation and modulation of gene expression by tiazofurin in K-562 leukemia cells. (1988)

Tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4-thiazole-carboxamide; NSC 286193), an antitumor carbon-linked nucleoside that inhibits IMP dehydrogenase (IMP:NAD+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.205) and depletes guanylate levels, can activate the erythroid differentiation program of K-562 human leukemia cells. Tiazofurin-mediated cell differentiation is a multistep process. The inducer initiates early (less than 6 hr) metabolic changes that precede commitment to differentiation; among these early changes are decreases in IMP dehydrogenase activity and in GTP concentration, as well as alterations in the expression of certain protooncogenes (c-Ki-ras). K-562 cells do express commitment-i.e., cells exhibit differentiation without tiazofurin. Guanosine was effective in preventing the action of tiazofurin, thus providing evidence that the guanine nucleotides are critically involved in tiazofurin-initiated differentiation. Activation of transcription of the erythroid-specific gene that encodes A gamma-globin is a late (48 hr) but striking effect of tiazofurin. Down-regulation of the c-ras gene appears to be part of the complex process associated with tiazofurin-induced erythroid differentiation and relates to the perturbations of GTP metabolism.
Ranging improvement using Successive Interference Cancellation for multiuser M-WiMAX system (2009)

In the uplink of OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) based M-WiMAX (Mobile-Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) system, linear phase shift is caused by signals transmitted from multiuser with different delay time and thus, MAI (Multiple Access Interference) occurs. MAI degrades the performance of ranging code detection and delay time estimation in the uplink. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a ranging algorithm, applying SIC (Successive Interference Cancellation) to the conventional ranging algorithm, for the MAI minimization and ranging performance improvement. The proposed ranging algorithm is verified through a Monte Carlo simulation, which shows the enhanced performance of ranging code detection and delay time estimation compared to the conventional algorithms.
Potent antitumor activity of 10-methoxy-9-nitrocamptothecin (2006)

The present data showed that 10-methoxy-9-nitrocamptothecin (MONCPT), a family of camptothecin analogues, possessed high antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity assays showed that MONCPT was a potential and highly efficient antitumor compound with IC50 values of 0.1 to 500 nmol/L in nine tumor cell lines. The high cytotoxic potency of MONCPT was paralleled with its ability to increase the cellular accumulation of DNA damage. DNA relaxation assay also showed that MONCPT exerted high potency as a topoisomerase I inhibitor. Moreover, administration of MONCPT (5-20 mg/kg) for 15 to 17 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in human androgen-independent prostate tumor (PC3) and human non-small cell lung tumor (A549) xenografts; the inhibition rates ranged from 29.6% to 98%. The cytotoxic effect of 1,000 nmol/L of MONCPT in PC3 cells was associated with causing an arrest in G0-G1 phase, whereas that of 10 and 100 nmol/L MONCPT was relative to a persistent block in G2-M phase. Furthermore, down-regulation of CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1 was observed in PC3 cells treated with 1,000 nmol/L of MONCPT, whereas overexpression of CDK7, CDK1, and cyclin B1 was seen in PC3 cells treated with 10 and 100 nmol/L of MONCPT. These results suggested that cell cycle regulation might contribute to the anticancer properties of MONCPT and strongly support the further anticancer development of MONCPT.
Microporous Polymer Surfaces Prepared by an Excimer Laser Ablation Technique (1994)

This paper presents an excimer laser microprocessing method to prepare microporous polymer surfaces. The irradiation of a KrF excimer laser (248 nm) was applied to several polymer films by passing a laser pulse through an optical microscope, resulting in ablative photodecomposition. The control unit was designed to control the fluence of the laser, pulse number, size of irradiated areas, and irradiation micropositioning. The ablation depth linearly increased with an increase in the accumulation of pulses. The chemical composition of the ablated surfaces did not vary with the accumulation of pulses, confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Excellent structuring quality of ablated micropores was obtained for polyurethane, polyimide, and polycarbonate films. As an application of the ablation technique, polyurethane films were micropored by the excimer laser ablation technique in conjunction with open-cell structured, small diameter grafts under development. In vitro cell ingrowth and compliance on the micropored polyurethane films were examined. Rapid ingrowth was observed on pore sizes of a few microns to several tenths of a micron in diameter. Higher density micropores provided enhanced elastomeric properties.