gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ceramide concentrations in septic patients: A possible marker of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (1999)

These observations suggest that mononuclear cells of peripheral blood from patients with sepsis are committed to undergo apoptosis, because there is evidence that ceramide acts as an endogenous mediator of apoptosis. The strong correlation we found between cell-associated ceramide and serum TNF-alpha supports the hypothesis that this cytokine plays an important role in activating the sphingomyelin pathway and ceramide generation in patients with sepsis. In addition, this study provides evidence that consistent concentrations of mononuclear cell-associated ceramide may predict progression toward MODS in septic patients.
Constitutive and inducible expression of SKALP/elafin provides anti-elastase defense in human epithelia. (1996)

Skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP), also known as elafin, is a serine proteinase inhibitor first discovered in keratinocytes from hyperproliferative human epidermis. In addition to the proteinase inhibiting domain which is directed against polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) derived enzymes such as elastase and proteinase 3, SKALP contains multiple transglutaminase (TGase) substrate domains which enable crosslinking to extracellular and cell envelope proteins. Here we show that SKALP is constitutively expressed in several epithelia that are continuously subjected to inflammatory stimuli, such as the oral cavity and the vagina where it co-localizes with type 1 TGase. All epithelia from sterile body cavities are negative for SKALP. In general, stratified squamous epithelia are positive, whereas pseudostratified epithelia, simple/glandular epithelia and normal epidermis are negative. SKALP was found in fetal tissues of the oral cavity from 17 wk gestation onwards where it continued to be expressed up to adult life. Remarkably, in fetal epidermis SKALP was found from week 28 onwards, but was downregulated to undetectable levels in neonatal skin within three months, suggesting a role during pregnancy in feto-maternal interactions or in the early maturation phase of the epidermis. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed the presence of SKALP in secretory vesicles including the lamellar granules. In culture models for epidermal keratinocytes we found that expression of the endogenous SKALP gene provided protection against cell detachment caused by purified elastase or activated PMNs. Addition of exogenous recombinant SKALP fully protected the keratinocytes against PMN-dependent detachment whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase were only marginally effective. These findings strongly suggest that the constitutive expression of SKALP in squamous epithelia, and the inducible expression in epidermis participate in the control of epithelial integrity, by inhibiting PMN derived proteinases. (
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Extended-Release Carbamazepine Capsules as Monotherapy for Bipolar Disorder Patients With Manic or Mixed Episodes (2004)

We found ERC-CBZ to be effective in the first large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial of carbamazepine monotherapy in acute mania. This trial provides important additional evidence supporting the use of carbamazepine in acute mania.
Classification of epidermal keratins according to their immunoreactivity, isoelectric point, and mode of expression. (1984)

Human epidermal keratinocytes express under various growth conditions a total of at least nine keratins that can be divided into two subfamilies. Subfamily A comprises 40-, 46-, 48-, 50-/50'-, and 56.5-kilodalton (kd) keratins which are relatively acidic (pI less than 5.5) and, with the exception of 46-kd keratin, are recognized by AE1 monoclonal antibody. Subfamily B comprises 52-, 56-, 58-, and 65-67-kd keratins which are relatively basic (pI greater than 6) and are recognized by AE3 monoclonal antibody. Within each keratin subfamily, there is a constant member (50-/50'- and 58-kd keratins of the subfamilies A and B, respectively) that is always expressed. The other seven keratins of both subfamilies are variable members whose expression depends upon the cellular differentiated state, which is in turn modulated by the growth environment. The 56.5-kd keratin (subfamily A) and the 65-67-kd keratins (subfamily B) are coordinately expressed during keratinization. In contrast, the 40-, 46-, and 48-kd keratins (subfamily A) and the 52- and 56-kd keratins (subfamily B) are characteristic of cultured epidermal cells forming nonkeratinized colonies. These results demonstrate that human epidermal keratins can be classified according to their reactivity with monoclonal antikeratin antibodies, isoelectric point, and mode of expression. The classification of keratins into various subgroups may have important implications for the mechanisms of epidermal differentiation, the evolution of keratin heterogeneity, and the use of keratin markers for tumor diagnosis.
NF‐kB signaling blockade abolishes implant particle‐induced osteoclastogenesis (2003)

In this study we investigated the effect of NF-kB signaling blockade on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particle-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. We first established effective blockade of NF-kB activity as tested by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Particle-induced NF-kB activation in murine osteoclast precursor cells (CSF-1-dependent bone marrow macrophages) was markedly reduced by co-treatment of the cells with the NF-kB inhibitors N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and Calpain Inhibitor I (CPI). This inhibition of NF-kB activity was associated with blockade of p50 NF-kB subunit nuclear translocation. We then established a direct NF-kB inhibition approach by utilizing a TAT-bound, mutant IkB (TAT:IkB(46-317)), and demonstrated an inhibitory effect evidenced by decreased NF-kB DNA binding activity. Having established that these strategies (TPCK, CPI, TAT: IkB(46-317)) effectively block NF-kB activation, we next investigated the effect of these agents on particle-stimulated osteoclast formation. PMMA particle stimulation of mature osteoclast formation from RANKL-primed osteoclast precursor cells was blocked by all three inhibitors. To further test the efficacy of NF-kB blockade, experiments were performed with the TAT:IkB(46-317) mutant peptide in whole bone marrow cultures that contain supporting stromal cells. Again, this inhibitor efficiently blocked particle-induced osteoclastogenesis. Thus, we have shown that pharmaceutical and molecular blockade of NF-kB activation inhibits PMMA particle-directed osteoclastogenesis in vitro.
Active-Set Newton Algorithm for Overcomplete Non-Negative Representations of Audio (2013)

This paper proposes a computationally efficient algorithm for estimating the non-negative weights of linear combinations of the atoms of large-scale audio dictionaries, so that the generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence between an audio observation and the model is minimized. This linear model has been found useful in many audio signal processing tasks, but the existing algorithms are computationally slow when a large number of atoms is used. The proposed algorithm is based on iteratively updating a set of active atoms, with the weights updated using the Newton method and the step size estimated such that the weights remain non-negative. Algorithm convergence evaluations on representing audio spectra that are mixtures of two speakers show that with all the tested dictionary sizes the proposed method reaches a much lower value of the divergence than can be obtained by conventional algorithms, and is up to 8 times faster. A source separation evaluation revealed that when using large dictionaries, the proposed method produces a better separation quality in less time.
Small Molecule Inhibitors That Selectively Block Dengue Virus Methyltransferase (2010)

Crystal structure analysis of Flavivirus methyltransferases uncovered a flavivirus-conserved cavity located next to the binding site for its cofactor, S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM). Chemical derivatization of S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH), the product inhibitor of the methylation reaction, with substituents that extend into the identified cavity, generated inhibitors that showed improved and selective activity against dengue virus methyltransferase (MTase), but not related human enzymes. Crystal structure of dengue virus MTase with a bound SAH derivative revealed that its N6-substituent bound in this cavity and induced conformation changes in residues lining the pocket. These findings demonstrate that one of the major hurdles for the development of methyltransferase-based therapeutics, namely selectivity for disease-related methyltransferases, can be overcome.
Assessing Disability in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1988)

The validity and reliability under Swedish conditions of a translated and slightly modified version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), referred to here as the ADL questionnaire, was studied. Sixty-four patients with definite/classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) participated in the major part of the investigation. In addition, inter-observer reliability was studied in the testing of 15 other patients with RA. The questionnaire was filled in by the patients twice (ADL Tests 1 and 2) with a one-week interval between. A physiotherapist or occupational therapist also assessed each of the patients on a sample of ADL functions (ADL Test 3). Joint mobility, grip-strength, pain, Ritchie index and ESR were likewise checked. Results indicated inter-observer reliability to be high for the ADL (r(S) = 0.98), for joint mobility (r(S) = 0.86), and for the Ritchie index (r(S) = 0.83). The test-retest reliability for the ADL questionnaire which the patients filled in (Tests 1 and 2) was high r(S) = 0.91. Results of the ADL questionnaires the patients completed were found to correlate fairly closely with the observations of the therapists, r(S) = 0.71. The validity of the scoring system was found to be sufficient, using Ward's cluster analysis for comparing the original HAQ scores with scores on all the questions included in the questionnaire. Thus, the translated and somewhat modified version of the ADL questionnaire studied here appears to possess a high degree of reliability and validity in assessing patients with RA.
Poly(thieno[3,4-<i>b</i>]thiophene):  A p- and n-Dopable Polythiophene Exhibiting High Optical Transparency in the Semiconducting State (2002)

Herein we report the synthesis and electrochemical characterization of poly(thieno[3,4-b]thiophene), a new low band gap conducting polymer with a high redox switching stability that exhibits high optical transparency in the semiconductive state. The monomer, thieno[3,4-b]thiophene (T34bT), has a low oxidation potential for polymerization, 1.02 V vs Ag/Ag+ (1.25 V vs SCE), a potential between that for the oxidation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene and pyrrole. Poly(T34bT) has a band gap of ca. 0.85 eV (1459 nm) as determined by the onset for the π-to-π* transition from the UV−vis−NIR spectrum and 0.8 V from the difference in the onsets for both the p- and n-doping processes from cyclic voltammetry. Stability studies as determined from chronocoulometry and chronoabsorptometry indicate that the polymer retains 95% electroactivity and 96% change in optical density after 100 double potential steps. Poly(T34bT) is sky-blue in the reduced form and optically transparent (no observable color) in the oxidized state with a coloration efficiency of 160 cm2/C at 800 nm.
Athermalization of a single-component lens with diffractive optics (1993)

We describe a design method to athermalize a single-material lens element by using a kinoform on one surface to keep its focal length and aberrations constant with temperature. We diamond turned and thermally tested a plastic athermat and compared it to an uncompensated conventional lens.
Nanomolar Protein Sensing with Embedded Receptor Molecules (2004)

A new concept of protein sensing at the air-water interface is introduced, based on amphiphilic receptor molecules embedded in a lipid monolayer. The process begins with incorporation of a small amount (0.13 equiv) of one or two different calix[4]arenes, adorned with charged functional groups at their upper rims, into a stearic acid monolayer. These doped monolayers are subsequently shown to attract peptides and proteins from the aqueous subphase. Depending on the host structure, the monolayers can be made selective for basic or acidic proteins. A working model is proposed, which explains the large observed p/A shifts with reincorporation of excess receptor molecules into the lipid monolayer after complex formation with the oppositely charged protein. This requires a self-assembly of multiple calixarene units over the protein surface, which bind the protein in a cooperative fashion. Oppositely charged calixarene derivatives do not form molecular capsules inside the monolayer, but rather remain separate inside the lipid layer, adopting a perpendicular orientation. They combine their hydrogen bond donor and acceptor capacities, and thus markedly enhance the sensitivity of the sensor system toward proteins, pushing the detection limits to 10 pM concentrations. The response pattern obtained from various receptor units inside the monolayer toward the same protein creates a fingerprint for this protein, which can hence be selectively detected at nanomolar concentrations (pattern recognition).
CRISPR–Cas9-enabled genetic disruptions for understanding ethanol and ethyl acetate biosynthesis in Kluyveromyces marxianus (2017)

Newly designed RNA polymerase III promoters for sgRNA expression in <i>K. marxianus</i> enable a CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing system for the thermotolerant yeast. This system was used to disrupt genes involved in ethyl acetate biosynthesis, specifically <i>Km</i>ADH1-7 and <i>Km</i>ATF. <i>Km</i>Adh2 was found to be critical for aerobic and anaerobic ethanol production. Aerobically produced ethanol supplies the biosynthesis of ethyl acetate catalyzed by <i>Km</i>Atf. <i>Km</i>Adh7 was found to exhibit activity toward the oxidation of hemiacetal, a possible alternative route for the synthesis of ethyl acetate.
Zone Plate with Aberration Correction (1967)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. N. Leith and J. Upatnieks, "Zone Plate with Aberration Correction," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 699-699 (1967) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Microseismic signatures of hydraulic fracture growth in sediment formations: Observations and modeling (2008)

We analyzed a microseismic data set from hydraulic fracture stimulation of the gas field in west Texas. We used an automated wave‐picking algorithm and obtained a high‐density image of induced microseismic events accompanying the hydraulic fracture growth. The microseismic locations delineated a planar fracture growing predominantly in the horizontal direction; the vertical growth was limited by shale layers. A strongly asymmetric fracture with a twice longer eastern wing containing 80% of the located events was observed. Owing to the planarity of the microseismic cloud, it was possible to reduce the location problem to two dimensions and to use only S waves for event localization. Thus, because of the larger amplitudes of S waves, a fourfold increase in the number of located events was achieved. We find that the length of the hydraulic fracture increased, for different depth intervals, both linear and nonlinear in time. We use hydraulic fracture models to explain the spreading of the microseismic front, whose nonlinear time dependence could indicate either a diffusive fluid flow or a two‐dimensional growth of the hydraulic fracture. By the maximum‐likelihood fitting of the observed fracture growth and by inverting for its parameters, we find that the fracture was 7–10 mm wide and that nearly the whole injected volume was used for creating the new fracture, that is a negligible diffusive infiltration of the injected fluid into the reservoir rock occurred.
Solution‐Processable Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Novel Alternative to PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layers for Highly Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells (2011)

The preparation of a reduced graphene oxide (pr-Go) is with a novel p-TosNHNH2 reductant is demonstrated for use as an efficient anode interfacial layer for high-performance and highstability organic solar cells (OSCs). The efficiency of the cells with pr-GO is highly comparable to those of the PEDOT:PSSbased devices. Furthermore, the pr-GO based OSCs show a much longer cell life time in air stability tests in comparison with PEDOT:PSS-based cells. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Antibodies to synthetic peptides defined by cDNA cloning reveal a network of peptidergic neurons in Aplysia (1984)

We previously isolated and characterized a cDNA clone specifically expressed in neurons R3 to R8 and R14 of the Aplysia abdominal ganglion (Nambu, J.R., R. Taussig, A.C. Mahon, and R.H. Scheller (1983) Cell 35: 47-56). The cDNA nucleotide sequence and the inferred protein amino acid sequence suggest that this gene encodes the precursor for neuroactive peptides used by these cells. Peptides corresponding to three regions of the precursor were synthesized, coupled to a protein carrier, and used to generate antibodies. These antibodies stain a set of cell bodies, R3 to R14, and their processes in the abdominal ganglion; no other cells in the nervous system or the periphery are immunoreactive. R3 to R14 send numerous fine immunoreactive processes into the vascularized sheath that surrounds the ganglion. Each of these cells also has a large axon which exits the ganglion via the branchial nerve and terminates on the heart. In addition, R14 is anatomically distinct from R3 to R13 in that it sends additional immunoreactive processes to the vasculature near the ganglion. Immunoreactive processes and varicosities were observed on the efferent vein of the gill, the abdominal ganglion artery, and the anterior aorta. These data are consistent with previous studies suggesting that one or more neuropeptides released from R3 to R14 function as modulators of cardiovascular physiology.
The Role of Gene Therapy for Intimal Hyperplasia of Bypass Grafts (1999)

The human saphenous vein has a greater propensity for intimal hyperplasia than arterial grafts; the human radial artery behaves similarly to the internal mammary artery. In the future, gene therapy may augment nitric oxide synthase, limiting vein graft disease.
Two-Dimensional Microprocessor Pipelines for Image Processing (1978)

Two-dimensional arrays of microprocessors are considered for the implementation of image processors that are formulated according to a certain state-space model. The microprocessors are totally synchronized—operating with the same clock and executing the same instructions, communicating with each other through local memory units. This allows the use of such an array as a pipeline for the processing of successive images or sections of one image, to achieve a relatively fast effective speed.
A systems‐based model of Alzheimer's disease (2018)

The new National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework for Alzheimer's disease has been developed to accelerate drug discovery and offer a common structure and language to construct new Alzheimer's disease conceptual models. However, as a "complex" disease, a model based on systems-level understanding is needed to accommodate the complex, interacting etiologic pathways and the system-level changes associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and interventions that are currently known and which will be identified in the future. To accomplish this, the evolution of the structure of the research framework itself should be encouraged.
Carbon effect on neutral base recombination in high-speed SiGeC HBTs (2006)

We have presented the performances and electrical behavior of high-speed SiGeC HBTs having enhanced NBR by carbon insertion in excess. The current gain is strongly reduced, so that BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</sub> increases by 0.5 V, and the f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> times BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</sub> product shifts from 340 to 423 GHz.V, which offers new possibilities for HBTs optimization, notably by increasing collector doping. Thanks to the NBR, the current gain dependency with temperature above 300 K is reduced, which is interesting for applications such as power amplifiers. The current gain evolution with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BE</sub> is explained by trap saturation, which was confirmed in simulations by inserting a trap level in the base gap. The band gap dependency with carbon insertion is also demonstrated and was developed in the final paper
Engineering surface functional groups on mesoporous silica: towards a humidity-resistant hydrophobic adsorbent (2018)

Manipulating surface modification through a selective thermal treatment, an adsorbent with high hydrophobicity and adsorption selectivity for toluene was fabricated.
Mycobacterium molecular microbiology (2005)

1. DNA Replication and Cell Division. 2 The Mycobacterial Two-Component Regulatory Systems. 3. Protein Secretion and Export in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 4. Vaccine Strategies. 5. Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 6. Virulence Factors of Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria. 7. The Stress Response. 8. Mycobacterial Dormancy and Its Relation to Persistence. 9. Mycobacterial Resistance to Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Intermediates: Recent Views and Progress in M. tuberculosis.
Structure/Function Link Between Cytokine Domains and Natural and Designed Lytic Peptides: Medical Promise (2012)

Cytokines play key roles in cell-signaling pathways. They are, in effect, the messengers promoting desired interactions by communicating the signals between cells and tissues, thereby causing an adjustment of their behavior ensuring proper temporal and spatial responses. Their actions can be thought of as either autocrine or paracrine acting directly upon the same type of cell that secretes it and/or cells that reside in close proximity. It is known that some cytokines also possess direct antimicrobial activity thus representing an additional component to the evolutionary endowed armamentarium that aids multicellular organisms in their constant battle against pathogens. Ubiquitous smaller natural molecules also exist that exhibit unique antimicrobial activities (lytic peptides/antimicrobial peptides, LPs/AMPs). Recognition of the common structural properties linking distinct cytokine domains to some AMPs (both natural and designed) offers the potential for the production of useful new small molecules to treat a number of disease conditions by modulating imbalances in cellular responses that lead to pathology.