gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Feeding Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide-Treated Wheat Straw-Based Diets on Digestion and Production by Dairy Cows (1990)

Twelve Holstein cows, averaging 34 d postpartum, were used in three replications of a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the effects of feeding different levels of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw on digestion and production responses in lactating dairy cows. Complete mixed diets consisted of 50% concentrate (DM basis) plus varying proportions of treated wheat straw, alfalfa haylage, and corn silage as the forage source. Treatment contained 0 (control), 12.5 (low), 25.0 (medium), or 37.5% (high) treated wheat straw in the diet. Dry matter intakes were 18.5, 17.2, 17.4, and 16.7 kg/d for the four treatments, respectively. Apparent digestibilities of DM and OM were decreased (approximately 4.4 percentage units), and NDF and ADF digestibilities were increased by 9.4 and 3.0 percentage units, respectively, with the high wheat straw diet. Yields of milk and 4% FCM, and SNF percentage did not differ among the treatment groups. Milk fat percentage increased (from 3.07 to 3.32%) and milk protein percentage decreased (from 2.61 to 2.56%) as the proportion of treated wheat straw increased in the diet. Cows fed the higher proportions of treated wheat straw had increased ruminal concentrations of total VFA and molar percentage acetate but a decreased molar percentage propionate, resulting in a greater acetate to propionate ratio. Cows fed the low and medium wheat straw diets had slightly lower DM intakes but production responses were similar to cows fed the control diet containing alfalfa haylage and corn silage as fiber sources.
Structure-based Design of Cyclically Permuted HIV-1 gp120 Trimers That Elicit Neutralizing Antibodies (2016)

A major goal for HIV-1 vaccine development is an ability to elicit strong and durable broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) responses. The trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) spikes on HIV-1 are known to contain multiple epitopes that are susceptible to bNAbs isolated from infected individuals. Nonetheless, all trimeric and monomeric Env immunogens designed to date have failed to elicit such antibodies. We report the structure-guided design of HIV-1 cyclically permuted gp120 that forms homogeneous, stable trimers, and displays enhanced binding to multiple bNAbs, including VRC01, VRC03, VRC-PG04, PGT128, and the quaternary epitope-specific bNAbs PGT145 and PGDM1400. Constructs that were cyclically permuted in the V1 loop region and contained an N-terminal trimerization domain to stabilize V1V2-mediated quaternary interactions, showed the highest homogeneity and the best antigenic characteristics. In guinea pigs, a DNA prime-protein boost regimen with these new gp120 trimer immunogens elicited potent neutralizing antibody responses against highly sensitive Tier 1A isolates and weaker neutralizing antibody responses with an average titer of about 115 against a panel of heterologous Tier 2 isolates. A modest fraction of the Tier 2 virus neutralizing activity appeared to target the CD4 binding site on gp120. These results suggest that cyclically permuted HIV-1 gp120 trimers represent a viable platform in which further modifications may be made to eventually achieve protective bNAb responses.
Hydroboration of Terpenes. II. The Hydroboration of α- and β-Pinene-The Absolute Configuration of the Dialkylborane from the Hydroboration of α-Pinene (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroboration of Terpenes. II. The Hydroboration of α- and β-Pinene-The Absolute Configuration of the Dialkylborane from the Hydroboration of α-PineneGeorge. Zweifel and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 3, 393–397Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01057a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1166Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (626 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Inactivation and Catalytic Pathways of Horseradish Peroxidase with m-Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid (1997)

The kinetics of the catalytic cycle and irreversible inactivation of horseradish peroxidase C (HRP-C) reacting with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) have been studied by conventional and stopped-flow spectrophotometry. mCPBA oxidized HRP-C to compound I with a second order-rate constant k1 = 3.6 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0, 25 degrees C. Excess mCPBA subsequently acted as a one-electron reducing substrate, converting compound I to compound II and compound II to resting, ferric enzyme. In both of these reactions, spectrally distinct, transient forms of the enzyme were observed (lambdamax = 411 nm, epsilon = 45 mM-1 cm-1 for compound I with mCPBA, and lambdamax = 408 nm, epsilon = 77 mM-1 cm-1 for compound II with mCPBA). The compound I-mCPBA intermediate (shown by near infrared spectroscopy to be identical to P965) decayed either to compound II in a catalytic cycle (k3 = 6.4 x 10(-3) s-1) or, in a competing inactivation reaction, to verdohemoprotein (ki = 3.3 x 10(-3) s-1). Thus, a partition ratio of r = 2 is obtained for the inactivation of ferric HRP-C by mCPBA. The intermediate formed from compound II with mCPBA is not part of the inactivation pathway and only decays via the catalytic cycle to give resting, ferric enzyme (k5 = 1.0 x 10(-3) s-1). The data are compared with those from earlier steady-state kinetic studies and demonstrate the importance of single turnover experiments. The results are discussed in terms of the physiologically relevant reactions of plant peroxidases with hydrogen peroxide.
Delays in referral from primary care are associated with a worse survival in patients with esophagogastric cancer (2019)

NICE referral guidelines for suspected cancer were introduced to improve prognosis by reducing referral delays. However, over 20% of patients with esophagogastric cancer experience three or more consultations before referral. In this retrospective cohort study, we hypothesize that such a delay is associated with a worse survival compared with patients referred earlier. By utilizing Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a national primary care linked database, the first presentation, referral date, a number of consultations before referral and stage for esophagogastric cancer patients were determined. The risk of a referral after one or two consultations compared with three or more consultations was calculated for age and the presence of symptom fulfilling the NICE criteria. The risk of death according to the number of consultations before referral was determined, while accounting for stage and surgical management. 1307 patients were included. Patients referred after one (HR 0.80 95% CI 0.68-0.93 p = 0.005) or two consultations (HR 0.81 95% CI 0.67-0.98 p = 0.034) demonstrated significantly improved prognosis compared with those referred later. The risk of death was also lower for patients who underwent a resection, were younger or had an earlier stage at diagnosis. Those presenting with a symptom fulfilling the NICE criteria (OR 0.27 95% CI 0.21-0.35 p < 0.0001) were more likely to be referred earlier. This is the first study to demonstrate an association between a delay in referral and worse prognosis in esophagogastric patients. These findings should prompt further research to reduce primary care delays.
Redox Regulation of Starch Metabolism (2018)

Metabolism of starch is a major biological integrator of plant growth supporting nocturnal energy dynamics by transitory starch degradation as well as periods of dormancy, re-growth, and reproduction by utilization of storage starch. Especially, the extraordinarily well-tuned and coordinated rate of transient starch biosynthesis and degradation suggests the presence of very sophisticated regulatory mechanisms. Together with the circadian clock, land plants (being autotrophic and sessile organisms) need to monitor, sense, and recognize the photosynthetic rate, soil mineral availability as well as various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Currently it is widely accepted that post-translational modifications are the main way by which the diel periodic activity of enzymes of transient starch metabolism are regulated. Among these mechanisms, thiol-based redox regulation is suggested to be of fundamental importance and in chloroplasts, thioredoxins (Trx) are tightly linked up to photosynthesis and mediate light/dark regulation of metabolism. Also, light independent NADP-thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) plays a major role in reactive oxygen species scavenging. Moreover, Trx and NTRC systems are interconnected at several levels and strongly influence each other. Most enzymes involved in starch metabolism are demonstrated to be redox-sensitive <i>in vitro</i>. However, to what extent their redox sensitivity is physiologically relevant in synchronizing starch metabolism with photosynthesis, heterotrophic energy demands, and oxidative protection is still unclear. For example, many hydrolases are activated under reducing (light) conditions and the strict separation between light and dark metabolic pathways is now challenged by data suggesting degradation of starch during the light period.
Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (1992)

Accurate diagnosis of vascular dementia is important for the recognition of underlying pathophysiology and the institution of appropriate therapy. It is also important for the determination of the incidence and prevalence of not only vascular dementia but also Alzheimer9s disease (AD), since differentiating between these two entities is often problematic. The State of California Alzheimer9s Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) herein propose criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia (IVD). These criteria broaden the conceptualization of vascular dementia, include the results of neuroimaging studies, emphasize the importance of neuropathologic confirmation, refine nosology, and identify areas that require further research. Parallel use of the proposed definitions of “possible” and “mixed” categories in the diagnosis of both AD and IVD would ensure compatibility between the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) criteria for AD and the ADDTC criteria for IVD. Uniform classification of subtypes of IVD will improve the generalizability of individual studies and aid in multicenter collaborations.
Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms in Smart Manufacturing (2020)

Digital twins, block chains, Internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) may re-define our imagination and future vision of globalization. Digital twins will likely affect most of the worldwide enterprises as it duplicates the physical models for remote monitoring, viewing and controlling based on numerous algorithms and its digital format. It is the digitalized living model of the physical system that continuously adapts to operational variations based on real-time data from numerous IoT sensors and devices and provides future forecasts corresponding to the physical counterparts with the help of machine learning and IoT. We have investigated the related research that is progressing in this field. In the context of IoT Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs), the major research areas such as machine learning and big data are examined. Machine learning facilitates the development of new models and technology systems in the domain of intelligent smart manufacturing.
Rhodobacter sphaeroides rdxA, a homolog of Rhizobium meliloti fixG, encodes a membrane protein which may bind cytoplasmic [4Fe-4S] clusters (1992)

In the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a chromosomal gene, rdxA, which encodes a 52-kDa protein, was found to be homologous to fixG, the first gene of a Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation operon on the pSym plasmid (D. Kahn, M. David, O. Domergue, M.-L. Daveran, J. Ghai, P. R. Hirsch, and J. Batut, J. Bacteriol. 171:929-939, 1989). The deduced amino acid sequences of RdxA and FixG are 53% identical and 73% similar; sequence analyses suggested that each has five transmembrane helices and a central region resembling bacterial-type ferredoxins. Translational fusion proteins with an alkaline phosphatase reporter group were expressed in both R. sphaeroides and Escherichia coli and were used to assess the membrane topology of RdxA. Its ferredoxinlike sequence, which may bind two [4Fe-4S] centers, was found to be cytoplasmically located. Genetic disruptions showed that rdxA is not essential for nitrogen fixation in R. sphaeroides. Immediately downstream of rdxA, an open reading frame (ORFT2) that encoded a 48-kDa protein was found. This DNA sequence was not homologous to any region of the R. meliloti fixG operon. The N-terminal sequence of the ORFT2 gene product resembled amino acid sequences found in members of the GntR family of regulatory proteins (D. J. Haydon and J. R. Guest, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 79:291-296, 1991). The rdxA gene was localized to the smaller of two R. sphaeroides chromosomes, upstream of and divergently transcribed from hemT, which encodes one of two 5-aminolevulinate synthase isozymes. The rdxA and hemT genes may share a transcriptional regulatory region. Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated the presence of an rdxA homolog on the R. sphaeroides large chromosome. The functions of this homolog, like those of rdxA, remain to be determined, but roles in oxidation-reduction processes are likely.
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the control of tissue perfusion and oxygen supply: physiological and pathophysiological implications. (1993)

Since the development of specific NO-synthase inhibitors it has become possible to study the role of NO in the control of local blood flow and tissue oxygenation. Inhibition of NO-synthase induces hypertension and abnormal vasoconstriction, as well as tissue hypoxia and impaired adaptation of blood flow to increased tissue oxygen demands. These functional alterations are similar to those observed in a number of cardiovascular diseases. The present evidence that impaired endothelial function is a pathogenetic factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases is briefly reviewed.
Regularized Background Adaptation: A Novel Learning Rate Control Scheme for Gaussian Mixture Modeling (2010)

To model a scene for background subtraction, Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) is a popular choice for its capability of adaptation to background variations. However, GMM often suffers from a tradeoff between robustness to background changes and sensitivity to foreground abnormalities and is inefficient in managing the tradeoff for various surveillance scenarios. By reviewing the formulations of GMM, we identify that such a tradeoff can be easily controlled by adaptive adjustments of the GMM's learning rates for image pixels at different locations and of distinct properties. A new rate control scheme based on high-level feedback is then developed to provide better regularization of background adaptation for GMM and to help resolving the tradeoff. Additionally, to handle lighting variations that change too fast to be caught by GMM, a heuristic rooting in frame difference is proposed to assist the proposed rate control scheme for reducing false foreground alarms. Experiments show the proposed learning rate control scheme, together with the heuristic for adaptation of over-quick lighting change, gives better performance than conventional GMM approaches.
Heterointerface stability in GaAs-on-Si grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1987)

The stability of the electrical and structural properties of GaAs directly deposited on Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is examined. Extended annealing at 900 °C leads to substantial diffusion of Si across the heterointerface while under the same conditions there is no significant motion of Si incorporated as a dopant into the GaAs surface region. The degree of enhancement of Si diffusion ranges from a factor of ∼250 for 0.5-μm-thick GaAs films to ∼5 for 4-μm-thick films. The annealing time and GaAs layer thickness dependence of Si diffusivity near the interface is consistent with a defect-modulated mechanism. A large fraction of this mobile Si is electrically inactive.
The T lymphocyte response to cytochrome <i>c</i>. V. Determination of the minimal peptide size required for stimulation of T cell clones and assessment of the contribution of each residue beyond this size to antigenic potency. (1985)

The B10.A T cell proliferative response to pigeon cytochrome c is mainly directed against a single antigenic determinant located at the carboxy-terminal end of the molecule. In the present experiments, we used synthetic peptide analogs of the carboxy-terminal sequence of moth cytochrome c to explore the structural requirements for antigenic potency. The minimum-sized peptide capable of stimulating a full response varied with the T cell clone, but within the limits of the biological systems studied, was shown to be moth fragment 97-103. Addition of more amino acids at the amino terminal end increased the antigenic potency in uneven increments, with a large contribution being made at residue 95. Analysis of amino acid substitutions at this position provided no evidence that it contained a residue that directly contacted the T cell receptor. Instead, good agreement with an analysis that made use of helix-coil transition theory suggested that this residue, as well as others, increased antigenic potency by contributing to the stabilization of the secondary structure of the molecule in an alpha-helical configuration. The maximum effect of chain length on antigenic potency appeared to stop at residue 93, in agreement with the theoretical analysis. However, addition of several more amino-terminal residues to residue 93 showed one additional significant increment of increased potency. This was almost entirely accounted for by a single lysine located four amino acids beyond the glutamic acid at residue 93 (approximately one turn of an alpha-helix away). To experimentally test whether alpha-helix-forming tendencies could account for the increased potency of the larger analogs, the degree of helix formation in trifluoroethanol was assessed by circular dichroism measurements. A good correlation was found between antigenic potency and percentage of alpha-helix for peptides of increasing chain length from moth 95-103 up to moth 86-90; 94-103. These results suggest that secondary structure may play an important role in determining the potency of antigenic determinants involved in the activation of T lymphocytes.
FREQUÊNCIA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS EM UM PROGRAMA SOCIAL (2021)

O presente artigo teve como objetivorelacionar a prática de atividade física com algumas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O estudo é epidemiológico, transversal e analítico e conta com 542 participantes de um programa social frequentes às atividades orientadas,com idades de 12 a 84 anos. Foirealizada uma análise descritiva, com frequência simples e porcentagem e amagnitude da associação entre as variáveis dependente e independente foi avaliada pela Razão de Prevalência (RP) bruta e ajustada, estimada mediante o modelo de Poisson com variância robusta.A maioria da amostra é praticante de atividade física três vezes ou mais por semana, diabéticos (5,4%), hipertensos (26,2 %), jovens adultos <40 anos (46,1%), pessoas que sentem dores corporais (34,3%) e 36,8% das pessoas analisadas sentem dores na coluna. Noteste do quiquadrado foi observado associação da frequência de atividade física com o estado civil (p= 0,045). Nesse estudo não ficou comprovado associação entre a frequência de atividade física e as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis à saúde. Palavras-chave: Atividade Física.Hipertensão.Diabetes.
Phase-locking phenomena in a radial multislot CO_2 laser array (1993)

An investigation of phase-locking phenomena in a multichannel, slab-type electrode, CO2 laser array is presented. External and self-phase-locking percentages of 90% and 60%, respectively, have been demonstrated. Azimuthally distributed radial injection within the central region of this gain geometry has been identified as the principal phase-locking mechanism. Fundamental optical modes are initiated simultaneously within each individual discharge slot via injection from this central core-oscillator region.
Intravenous Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): Comparable Analgesic Efficacy, but Better Local Safety than Its Prodrug, Propacetamol, for Postoperative Pain After Third Molar Surgery (2005)

We compared an acetaminophen (paracetamol) 1 g (n = 51) formulation for infusion with propacetamol 2 g (n = 51) and placebo (n = 50) in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial in patients with moderate-to-severe pain after third molar surgery. Treatment efficacy was assessed in house for 6 h after starting the 15-min infusion. Significant effects versus placebo (P < 0.01) were obtained with both active treatments on pain relief, pain intensity difference on a 100-mm visual analog scale, and on a categorical scale (except for propacetamol at 6 h). No significant differences were noted between active groups except at 1 h. Six-hour weighted sums of primary assessments showed significantly better efficacy than placebo (P < 0.0001) and no difference between active treatments. Median stopwatch time to onset of pain relief for active treatment was 6-8 min after infusion start. Active treatments showed comparable efficacy with a significantly longer duration of analgesia and better patients' global evaluation compared with placebo. The incidence of patients reporting local pain at the infusion site was significantly less frequent after IV acetaminophen or placebo (0%) in comparison with propacetamol (49%). In conclusion, acetaminophen 1 g and propacetamol 2 g were superior to placebo regarding analgesic efficacy, with a more frequent incidence of local pain at the infusion site for propacetamol.
Densities and Viscosities of Polyethylene Glycol 6000 + Triammonium Citrate + Water Systems (2009)

The densities and viscosities of binary and ternary solutions of the aqueous two-phase systems created by the polyethylene glycol 6000 + triammonium citrate + water system were measured at different temperatures [(25, 30, 35, 40, and 45) °C] and correlated with empirical equations. The density data were compared with those available in the literature. The density data show a linear variation with the mass fraction of the polymer for all temperatures. The density and viscosity of the top and bottom phases were also measured and reported.