gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Band structure engineering of graphene by strain: First-principles calculations (2008)

We have investigated the electronic structure of graphene under different planar strain distributions using the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method and the tight-binding approach. We found that graphene with a symmetrical strain distribution is always a zero band-gap semiconductor and its pseudogap decreases linearly with the strain strength in the elastic regime. However, asymmetrical strain distributions in graphene result in opening of band gaps at the Fermi level. For the graphene with a strain distribution parallel to C-C bonds, its band gap continuously increases to its maximum width of 0.486 eV as the strain increases up to 12.2%. For the graphene with a strain distribution perpendicular to C-C bonds, its band gap continuously increases only to its maximum width of 0.170 eV as the strain increases up to 7.3%. The anisotropic nature of graphene is also reflected by different Poisson ratios under large strains in different directions. We found that the Poisson ratio approaches to a constant of 0.1732 under small strains but decreases differently under large strains along different directions.
Kinetics of carbonate based CO2 capture systems (2009)

The Henry’s law constants for physical solubility of N 2 O were measured up to 80 ∘ C for sodium and potassium carbonate solutions and the results were compared with the model of Weisenberger and Schumpe (1996). Overall gas phase mass transfer coefficients were measured with a string of discs apparatus for 5–30 wt-% sodium carbonate solution and for 5–50 wt-% potassium carbonate solution up to 70 ∘ C. The Henry’s law constants measured in this study agree well with literature. The Henry’s law constants increase with temperature and carbonate concentration. The model of Weisenberger and Schumpe agrees well with measured data at 25 ∘ C, but it underestimates the Henry’s law constant at higher temperatures. Overall mass transfer coefficients for potassium and sodium carbonate increase with temperature but decreases with concentration at high concentrations. Potassium carbonate solutions have higher overall mass transfer coefficients than sodium carbonate. Adding amines as promoter gives decade higher absorption rates compared to pure carbonate solutions.
Effects of fibroblast growth factor 9 on steroidogenesis and control of FGFR2IIIc mRNA in porcine granulosa cells1,2 (2014)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) on hormone-stimulated porcine granulosa cell proliferation and steroid production and to further elucidate the hormonal and developmental control of FGFR2IIIc gene expression in granulosa cells. Porcine ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and granulosa cells were collected from small to medium (1 to 5 mm) follicles for 5 in vitro studies that were conducted. Cells were cultured for 48 h in 5% fetal calf serum plus 5% porcine serum and then treated with various combinations of FSH, IGF-I, FGF9, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), cortisol, PGE2, and/or wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family member 5A (WNT5A) in serum-free medium for an additional 24 or 48 h. Medium was collected for analysis of steroid concentration via RIA, or RNA was collected for gene expression analysis of FGFR2IIIc via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Fibroblast growth factor 9 stimulated (P < 0.05) IGF-I-induced estradiol production in the presence of FSH and testosterone. However, FGF9 had inconsistent effects on progesterone production, stimulating progesterone production in the presence of FSH and testosterone but inhibiting progesterone production in the presence of IGF-I, FSH, and testosterone. Cell numbers were increased (P < 0.05) by FGF9 in the presence of IGF-I and FSH but not in the presence of FSH and absence of IGF-I. For FGFR2IIIc mRNA studies, granulosa cells were treated with FSH, IGF-I, FGF9, SHH, cortisol, PGE2, or WNT5A. Follicle-stimulating hormone alone had no effect (P > 0.10) whereas IGF-I increased (P < 0.05) FGFR2IIIc mRNA abundance. Cortisol, PGE2, SHH, and WNT5A had no effect (P > 0.10) on FGFR2IIIc gene expression whereas FGF9 in the presence of FSH and IGF-I inhibited (P < 0.05) FGFR2IIIc gene expression. In an in vivo study, granulosa cells from large (7 to 14 mm) follicles had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of FGFR2IIIc mRNA than small (1 to 3 mm) or medium (4 to 6 mm) follicles. In conclusion, IGF-I-induced FGFR2IIIc mRNA may be a mechanism for increased responses to FGF9 in FSH plus IGF-I-treated granulosa cells. Fibroblast growth factor 9 and IGF-I may work together as amplifiers of follicular growth and granulosa cell differentiation by stimulating estradiol production and concomitantly stimulating granulosa cell growth in pigs.
The Relationship Between Water Demand and Particle Size Distribution of Stucco (1984)

In gypsum board production, the amount of water required for a stucco slurry with a suitable fluidity is considerably greater than the amount necessary for hydration of the stucco. Since excess water must be removed by drying, it is advantageous, from an energy point of view, to reduce the consistency or water demand of stucco. Constant board density is maintained thereby through increased addition of foam. The high water demand of stucco produced by conventional calcination methods is due largely to the ability of the stucco to disintegrate, a process during which larger stucco particles break down into smaller particles upon contact and subsequent mixing with water. The water demand of stucco may be reduced by aging, that is, the exposure of stucco to water vapor over a period of time, which reduces the ability of the stucco to disintegrate. However, aging also has a negative effect on both setting characteristics of the stucco and, as a result, on the strength of the gypsum formed. The objective of the work described in this paper was to study the relationships between water demand and particle size distribution as affected by changes in disintegration during aging. Particle size analysis and several methods of consistency measurement were used for this purpose. It was found that a direct relationship exists between water demand of stucco and particle size distribution as defined by percent disintegration, with minor deviations at initial stages of aging. In contrast, nonlinear relationships were found, with preliminary experiments, for stuccos containing aridizing agents or surfactants, which indicates that the water demand of stucco is also affected by surface properties. The water demand of stucco is not a function of the surface area of the stucco, that is, other properties, such as particle shape and surface characteristics, play a significant role. Similarly, the magnitude of the differences in water demand of various types of stucco indicates that particle size distribution, although the major factor, is not the only one influencing this property.
Control and regulation of folliculogenesis--a symposium in perspective (1996)

The Intervet Symposium 'Control and Regulation of Folliculogenesis' took place at the Annual Conference of the Society for the Study of Fertility in University College, Dublin in July, 1995. Five papers were presented, of which abstracts have been published. Discussion centred on monotocous species and principally addressed the question 'How is the ovulatory follicle selected and nurtured?' Many follicles start to develop simultaneously, but most become atretic. During the luteal phase of the cycle, several waves of follicles are initiated, and although one in each wave gains dominance, all ultimately atrophy. The dominant follicle in the wave produced towards the end of the luteal phase ovulates. The biochemical characteristics of dominant and subordinate follicles were contrasted, and the endocrine environment in which they waxed and waned was analysed. Interaction of autocrine and paracrine effectors, principally with FSH, LH and their receptors, ultimately determines follicular destiny.
Computer-based systems (2015)

Complex systems in which computers play a major role. While complex physical systems and sophisticat…
Characterization of a second human clathrin heavy chain polypeptide gene (CLH-22) from chromosome 22q11 (1996)

We report cloning and characterization of the second human clathrin heavy chain polypeptide gene (CLH-22) localized to chromosome 22q11. Hence H. sapiens is the first species for which two clathrin heavy chain genes have been reported. We provide 5470 bp cDNA sequence covering the entire open reading frame of the CLH-22 gene. The predicted polypeptide is composed of 1640 amino acids. Its 6 kb transcript is expressed in all of 16 tested human tissues, suggesting it is a housekeeping gene. Skeletal muscle, testis and heart show significantly higher expression levels. Compared to the previously characterized human clathrin heavy chain gene localized on chromosome 17 (CLH-17), CLH-22 shows different transcript size and expression profile in human tissues. Northern analysis of CLH-22 suggests that several alternatively spliced transcripts exist. A presumably single, 171 bp long alternatively spliced exon has been characterized. Amino acid sequence comparison between CLH-22 and CLH-17 shows an overall identify and similarity of 84.7 and 91.1%, respectively. At the nucleic acid level, identity between open reading frames of both genes is 74.3%. Sequence comparison with previously cloned genes in other species suggests that counterparts of the CLH-17 gene have been cloned in B. taurus and R. norvegicus, whereas presumptive mammalian homologues of the CLH-22 gene are yet to be characterized. Our Northern and Southern blot analyses of meningiomas clearly suggest the CLH-22 gene may be involved in the tumor development and can be considered as a candidate for a tumor suppressor.
AVI Transponder (1981)

A newly developed AVI transponder is to be used in Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) system, which provides identification of moving vehicles passing by a certain location, as to its registration number, and classification etc. This AVI system is characterized by the fact that it utilizes ceramic resonators in the composition of a transponder identification code, and a single microwave carrier to convey an interrogation signal to, and a response signal from, that transponder. The transponder is a completely passive device free of any power supply, and operates as a “Reflector”. Overall external dimensions of transponder are 7 × 10 × 1 cm with a weight of 150 grams, the unit is compact, light weight and can be mounted easily on the vehicle, and is easy to carry. All of the circuitry required for the transponder is provided in the form of microstrip lines utilizing MIC (Microwave Integrated Circuit) technology on the PTFE‐glass fibre laminate substrate. The transponder circuitry, which consists of printed antenna, microwave modem circuit and medium frequency circuit, is patterned on both surfaces of the single substrate. In this paper, operation principle, circuitry and construction of the transponder will be described.
Characteristics of Epstein–Barr virus hepatitis among patients with jaundice or acute hepatitis (2012)

In patients presenting with jaundice/hepatitis, EBV hepatitis is an uncommon diagnosis and causes a self-limiting hepatitis. The diagnosis is suggested by the presence of a lymphocytosis and/or splenomegaly. The majority of patients do not have infectious mononucleosis. Compared with infectious mononucleosis, EBV hepatitis affects an older age group, with nearly half of patients being aged more than 60 years. The diagnosis should be considered in all patients with unexplained hepatitis irrespective of their age.
What can performance counters do for memory subsystem analysis? (2008)

Nowadays, all major processors provide a set of performance counters which capture micro-architectural level information, such as the number of elapsed cycles, cache misses, or instructions executed. Counters can be found in processor cores, processor die, chipsets, or in I/O cards. They can provide a wealth of information as to how the hardware is being used by software. Many processors now support events to measure precisely and with very limited overhead, the traffic between a core and the memory subsystem. It is possible to compute average load latency and bus band-width utilization. This valuable information can be used to improve code quality and placement of threads to maximize hardware utilization.
Topical Application of 5-Fluorouracil Associated with Distant Seborrheic Dermatitis-like Eruption: Case Report and Review of Seborrheic Dermatitis Cutaneous Reactions after Systemic or Topical Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (2018)

We describe a patient with a seborrheic dermatitis eruption after topical application of 5-fluorouracil at a distant site. The etiologic association between the drug and adverse effect was confirmed with multiple cycles of application and discontinuation of the offending agent.
A monolithic numeric display device (1970)

This paper will describe a monolithic numeric display device utilizing GaAs with an infrared-to-visible converting phosphor. A seven-bar numeric pattern has been etched into a silicon-doped GaAs PN junction. Total display-device dimension is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.22" × .16"</tex> .
Oxytocin and prostaglandin interactions in pregnancy and at parturition. (1992)

The demise of the corpus luteum is brought about by an interaction between ovarian oxytocin and uterine prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) release in sheep. Indirect evidence suggests that a similar, but intra-ovarian, mechanism may also be involved in luteal regression in primates. During early pregnancy, a specific class of interferon (omega interferon) is released from the developing embryo in sheep and this interferon inhibits pulsatile release of uterine PGF2 alpha. Studies in ovariectomized, steroid-treated ewes indicate that conceptus secretory proteins inhibit pulsatile secretion of PGF2 alpha directly via an effect on prostaglandin synthesis and indirectly by maintaining plasma progesterone concentrations that inhibit the development of endometrial oxytocin receptors which normally occurs at the time of luteolysis. As pregnancy progresses, there is an increase in basal secretion of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 from the uterus into the fetal and maternal circulation. The release of maternal PGF2 alpha, but not PGE2, in response to oxytocin is also increased in late pregnancy. Endometrial oxytocin receptor concentrations follow a similar pattern, except at parturition where there appears to be downregulation of receptors. However, the release of PGF2 alpha in response to oxytocin remains high at this time and is further increased if the progesterone receptors are blocked with the anti-progestin RU486. The dissociation between oxytocin receptor numbers and release of prostaglandins in response to oxytocin is also observed under other physiological situations, such as during seasonal anoestrus and after long-term ovariectomy, and requires further investigation. The role of oxytocin in the initiation of labour remains controversial. Although oxytocin concentrations in maternal and fetal plasma are not increased until parturition, uterine oxytocin receptor concentrations, uterine activity and maternal PGF2 alpha release in response to oxytocin are high in late pregnancy. Uterine activity and PG release is not altered by oxytocin in the fetal circulation at any stage of late gestation. We have used the oxytocin analogue CAP to investigate further the possible role of oxytocin in the initiation of labour. CAP can inhibit oxytocin-induced PGF2 alpha release in cyclic sheep, at luteolysis, and in late pregnant sheep by binding to, and blocking, uterine oxytocin receptors. CAP does not inhibit basal fetal or maternal PGF2 alpha or PGE2 concentrations in late pregnancy or at parturition. CAP inhibits oxytocin-induced uterine activity and delays, but does not prevent, the increase in uterine activity associated with labour in this species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Handbook of Cell Signaling Vol 2 Ed. 2 (2009)

The Handbook of Cell Signaling is a comprehensive work covering all aspects of intracellular signal processing, including extra/intracellular membrane receptors, signal transduction, gene expression/translation, and cellular/organotypic signal responses.The subject matter has been divided into five main parts (each of which is headed by a recognized expert in the field):

Initiation: Extracellular and Membrane Events
Transmission: Effectors and Cytosolic Events
Nuclear Responses: Gene Expression and Translation
Events in Intracellular Compartments
Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions

Covered in extensive detail, these areas will appeal to a broad, cross-disciplinary audience interested in the structure, biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of cellular effectors. Tabular and well-illustrated, the Handbook will serve as an in-depth reference for this complex and evolving field.Tabular and well illustrated, the Handbook will serve as an in-depth reference for this complex and evolving field!

Contains approximately 470 articles
Provides well-organized sections on each essential area in signaling
Includes discussion on everything from ligand/receptor interactions to organ/organism responses
Extremely user-friendly
Block of the cyclic GMP-gated channel of vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptors by l-cis-diltiazem. (1992)

Inside-out patches were excised from catfish rod or cone outer segments. Single channel and macroscopic currents were recorded from GMP-gated channels activated by 1 mM cGMP in low divalent buffered saline. Currents were blocked by the application of micromolar concentrations of l-cis-diltiazem to the cytoplasmic side of the patch. The concentration dependence of block indicated that a single molecule was sufficient to block a channel and that all channels were susceptible to block. The dissociation constant for the rod channel was an order of magnitude smaller than for the cone channel, but the voltage dependence of block was nearly identical. The macroscopic current-voltage relation in the presence of blocker was inwardly rectifying and superficially resembled voltage-dependent block by an impermeant blocker occluding the ion-conducting pore of the channel. Block by diltiazem acting from the extracellular side of the channel was investigated by including 5 microM diltiazem in the recording pipette solution. The macroscopic current-voltage relation again showed inward rectification, inconsistent with the idea that diltiazem acts by occluding the pore at the external side. The kinetics of block by diltiazem applied to the intra- and extracellular side were measured in cone patches containing only a single channel. The unbinding rates were similar in both cases, suggesting a single binding site. Differences in the binding rate were consistent with greater accessibility to the binding site from the cytoplasmic side. Block from the cytoplasmic side was independent of pH, suggesting that the state of ionization of diltiazem was not related to its ability to block the channel in a voltage-dependent fashion. These observations are inconsistent with a pore-occluding blocker, but could be explained if the hydrophobic portion of diltiazem partitioned into the hydrophobic core of the channel protein, perhaps altering the gating of the channel.
Karyotypic evolution in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (1991)

Sequential cytogenetic studies were performed on a minimum of two and a maximum of nine occasions (mean 3.6) on the peripheral blood leucocytes of 112 patients with B-CLL. On initial cytogenetic analysis, 58 had a normal karyotype and 64 had a clonal abnormality. Karyotypic evolution occurred in 18 patients (16%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of disease progression between patients with a stable karyotype and those who underwent karyotypic evolution. In only one patient was there a clear association between disease progression, a change in cell morphology and karyotypic evolution.
Contextual Fact Ranking and Its Applications in Table Synthesis and Compression (2019)

Modern search engines increasingly incorporate tabular content, which consists of a set of entities each augmented with a small set of facts. The facts can be obtained from multiple sources: an entity's knowledge base entry, the infobox on its Wikipedia page, or its row within a WebTable. Crucially, the informativeness of a fact depends not only on the entity but also the specific context(e.g., the query).To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to study the problem of contextual fact ranking: given some entities and a context (i.e., succinct natural language description), identify the most informative facts for the entities collectively within the context.We propose to contextually rank the facts by exploiting deep learning techniques. In particular, we develop pointwise and pair-wise ranking models, using textual and statistical information for the given entities and context derived from their sources. We enhance the models by incorporating entity type information from an IsA (hypernym) database. We demonstrate that our approaches achieve better performance than state-of-the-art baselines in terms of MAP, NDCG, and recall. We further conduct user studies for two specific applications of contextual fact ranking-table synthesis and table compression-and show that our models can identify more informative facts than the baselines.
A conceptual framework of anonymity in group support systems (1992)

As the development and use of automated systems for collaborative work grows, the need for a better understanding of these systems becomes more important. The author's focus is on one type of system, a group support system (GSS), and in particular, on one important aspect of a GSS, anonymity. A conceptual framework for the study of anonymity in a GSS is presented, which describes the general classes of variables and their relationships. These variables include the factors that influence anonymity in a GSS, types of anonymity and the effects of anonymity on a message sender, receiver, group process and outcome. Each of these variables is discussed with working propositions presented for important group process and outcome measures. The objectives are to highlight the importance and complexity of anonymity, to act as a guide for empirical investigations of anonymity, and to influence future GSS development and use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A monolithic phase measurement photodetector (2004)

A novel monolithically integrated photodetector used as an optical phase-shift sensor is presented It consists of a diffraction grating etched at the surface of a p-n photodiode fabricated by standard silicon CMOS technology. This device provides the phase relationship between two coherent light beams collimated toward the surface of the photodetector. The operating principle of this sensor is presented along with the first devices fabricated and the experimental validation of the concept is demonstrated by performance characterization.