gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallelization of render engine for global illumination of graphics scenes (2009)

Photorealistic image synthesis plays a central role in computer graphics since it has wide range of application areas such as scientific visualization, film industry, gaming and architectural modeling. Global illumination algorithms used for photorealistic image synthesis such as ray-tracing, radiosity, and photon mapping suffer from speed because of complex computational operations and hardware limitations. In this study, a parallelization technique for the photon mapping algorithm has been developed to reduce the rendering time of the images by distributing the jobs over computing units. To increase the visual quality of the output images, a multilevel dynamic anti-aliasing algorithm has also been implemented to smooth the jagged edges caused by the bucket render. Our render engine supports various geometry and material properties as well as hard-to-simulate visual effects such as caustics. System is tested on several three dimensional scene files to measure and analyze its performance.
Isolation, Purification and Evaluation of Antibacterial Agents from Aloe vera (2009)

The ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of Aloe vera gel were studied for their antimicrobial activity against four Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The extracts showed varied levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The ethanol and methanol extracts showed higher activity while acetone extract, showed least or no activity against most of the tested pathogens. Fractions obtained from the extracts by Thin Layer and Column Chromatography were studied for their antagonistic properties using Spot Assay Technique. Compounds with maximum antibacterial activity isolated from the ethanol and methanol extracts were identified as p - coumaric acid (Mol. wt.165), ascorbic acid (Mol. wt.177 ), pyrocatechol (Mol. wt.110 ) and cinnamic acid (Mol. wt.148), on the basis of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The study suggests the antimicrobial activity of the A. vera gel extract to be dependant on the synergistic effect of different compounds. With the broad spectral antimicrobial effect of A. vera gel, it could be further recommended in the treatment of various bacterial diseases.
Longitudinal polarization-dependent coupling of light from an optical fiber to a side-bonded planar proximity detector: application to integrated azimuthally distributed multidetector photopolarimeters (1990)

An in-line integrated fiber-optic photopolarimeter (IFOP) is described for the complete measurement of the state of polarization (SOP) of light. The IFOP consists of four azimuthally distributed side-bonded planar proximity detectors (SBPPDs), each of which develops an electrical signal proportional to the polarization-dependent fraction of light that it absorbs from the fiber guide. The four outputs thus developed determine the four Stokes parameters of light in the fiber via an instrument matrix which is fixed by calibration, in much the same way as has been established for the four-detector polarimeter of unguided beams. Simpler IFOPs using only two detectors, of which at least one is a SBPPD, are also proposed for partial or complete measurement of the SOP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electro-Conductive Membranes for Permeation Enhancement and Fouling Mitigation: A Short Review (2017)

The research on electro-conductive membranes has expanded in recent years. These membranes have strong prospective as key components in next generation water treatment plants because they are engineered in order to enhance their performance in terms of separation, flux, fouling potential, and permselectivity. The present review summarizes recent developments in the preparation of electro-conductive membranes and the mechanisms of their response to external electric voltages in order to obtain an improvement in permeation and mitigation in the fouling growth. In particular, this paper deals with the properties of electro-conductive polymers and the preparation of electro-conductive polymer membranes with a focus on responsive membranes based on polyaniline, polypyrrole and carbon nanotubes. Then, some examples of electro-conductive membranes for permeation enhancement and fouling mitigation by electrostatic repulsion, hydrogen peroxide generation and electrochemical oxidation will be presented.
Polydatin, a natural precursor of resveratrol, induces cell cycle arrest and differentiation of human colorectal Caco-2 cell (2013)

From morphological, and biochemical outcome we obtained evidences that polydatin induced a transition from a proliferative morphology to cell-specific differentiated structures and caused human CaCo-2 cell death by induction of apoptosis. Our data suggest the potential use of polydatin in combination chemotherapy for human colon cancer.
Magnetic field tolerances for insertion devices on third generation synchrotron light sources (2002)

The magnetic field quality or tolerance for actual insertion devices (IDs) is determined by the storage ring requirements and the acceptable spectral performance. A summary of these tolerance requirements for typical planar permanent magnet undulator IDs on the new third generation synchrotron facility storage rings is presented. In addition, some results for APS prototype undulators are discussed. The major emphasis is to identify the sources of magnetic field errors in real IDs and to describe the effects of these errors on the spectral performance of the device and on the storage rings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antioxidants, Supplements, and Parkinson's Disease (2006)

At present, antioxidants and supplements appear to have a limited role in the prevention or treatment of PD. Of those reviewed here, CoQ10 appears to provide some minor treatment benefits. More study is necessary to determine whether CoQ10 has a significant role as primary or adjunctive therapy in PD.
The Integrated Room Layout for a Semiconductor Facility Plan (2007)

Layout study is important because layout largely determines the initial investment and production efficiency of a plant as compared with other downstream activities. Especially for semiconductor production, the continued miniaturization of chips requires increased investment and operating cost. While approximately one billion U.S. dollars was necessary for a new semiconductor fab in 1995, manufacturers today need to invest two to three times that for the same type of facility. This research presents a new integrated room layout for a semiconductor fab. Machine tools are laid out in four large rooms. The tools in each room are connected by one overhead hoist transporter/overhead shuttle loop. This layout increases direct inter bay transportation, product mix change flexibility, and routing flexibility and reduces transportation time and initial investment cost. The performance of this new layout is compared with the integrated bay layout that is favorably considered and being used in the literature and industry. This comparison uses data provided by International SEMATECH.
On the use of the SOLOMON parallel-processing computer (1962)

The SOLOMON computer has a novel design which is intended to give it unusual capabilities in certain areas of computation. The arithmetic unit of SOLOMON is constructed with a large number of simple processing elements suitably interconnected, and hence differs from that of a conventional computer by being capable of a basically parallel operation. The initial development and study of this new computer has led to considerable scientific and engineering inquiry in three problem areas:
Mutation of <i>traP</i> in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Has No Impact on Expression of <i>agr</i> or Biofilm Formation (2007)

To investigate the regulatory role of traP (target of RNAIII-activating peptide) in Staphylococcus aureus, we generated traP mutations in the clinical isolates UAMS-1 and USA300. In neither case did mutation of traP affect expression of the accessory gene regulator (agr) or the ability to form a biofilm. We were also unable to confirm that mutation of traP in the prototype 8325-4 laboratory strain RN6390 results in reduced expression of agr, reduced hemolytic activity, or an altered capacity to form a biofilm.
Flow of Data (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Radio Interface Protocol Stacks RRC Layer RLC Layer MAC Layer Frame Protocol Layer Physical Layer
n-channel formation on semi-insulating InP surface by m.i.s.f.e.t. (1979)

InP m.i.s.f.e.t.s using Fe-doped semi-insulating material surface have been fabricated. The devices, composed of sulphur-diffused n-type source and drain and c.v.d. Al2O3 gate insulator, exhibited n-channel normally-off behaviour and a source drain capacitance two orders of magnitude smaller than that of p-InP m.i.s.f.e.t.s with the same dimensions.
<title>Novel low-temperature pressure-assisted bonding technology</title> (2000)

We introduce a new low temperature bonding technology to assemble two microstructured glass substrates for the realization of micro channels for chemical analysis applications. To realize the micro channels, we introduce, besides the well-known HF-etching technology, two simple alternative methods, namely sawing and micro-powder blasting. After proper cleaning of the two glass surfaces, direct bonding is obtained just by exposing the glass stack to a high pressure in the 100-200 degrees C temperature range. At these low temperatures, we obtain bonding strengths as high as 10 MPA, comparable to the best values reported in literature. As a possible mechanisms for this strong bonding, we propose the pressure-induced enhancement of the bonding contact surface.
CD-4 IC'S for High-Quality Demodulators for 4-Channel Discs (1975)

This paper reports improvements on the CD-4, discrete four-channel stereo system including newly developed integrated circuits. Up to now, the CD-4 systems have been considered to possess several disadvantages in performance compared with conventional two-channel stereo systems. These disadvantages were, for example, unsatisfactory signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), frequency response, distortions and unusual shock noises in the absence of a subcarrier as well as cross-modulation between the main and subchannels.
Late stages of phase separation in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>solid solutions (1996)

The kinetics of late stages of phase separation in nonequilibrium substitutional solid solutions ${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathit{x}}$ was studied by resistivity relaxation. The dynamic scaling exponents have been observed to correspond probably to a transition from coagulation (\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.16--0.2) to Ostwald-ripening-type behavior. An essential slowing down of the latest stage of relaxation (\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.08) was detected in Al-Si alloys when depletion developed in the Al-based fcc matrix around the Si submicrometer inclusions. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
PLC standard programming languages: IEC 1131-3 (2002)

Today, if programmable controllers from more than one vendor are used, more than one method of programming and troubleshooting have to be learned. If a programming standard provided greater uniformity between programmable controllers, one could reuse work and potentially reduce the amount of retraining. Yet the problem for the would-be developer of standards is this: how to offer relevance to today's market and still afford migration to future technologies. IEC 1131-3-the international standard for programmable controller languages-has achieved this by applying modern software engineering principles to the best existing practices and, at the same time, providing for "extensibility", i.e. further enhancements by vendors. The author describes the development and benefits of IEC 1131-3.
The timing of TGF-β inhibition affects the generation of antigen-specific CD8+ T Cells (2013)

These studies provide the first in vivo evidence that TGF-β may be necessary for anti-tumor immune responses in certain cancers. This finding has important implications for our understanding of anti-tumor immune responses, the role of TGF-β in the immune system, and the future development of TGF-β inhibiting drugs.
Discovery, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship of a Series of <i>N</i>-Aryl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamides: Characterization of ML213 as a Novel KCNQ2 and KCNQ4 Potassium Channel Opener (2011)

Herein we report the discovery, synthesis and evaluation of a series of N-Aryl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamides as selective KCNQ2 (K(v)7.2) and KCNQ4 (K(v)7.4) channel openers. The best compound, 1 (ML213) has an EC(50) of 230 nM (KCNQ2) and 510 nM (KCNQ4) and is selective for KCNQ2 and KCNQ4 channels versus a large battery of related potassium channels, as well as affording modest brain levels. This represents the first report of unique selectivity profile for KCNQ2 and KCNQ4 over the other channels (KCNQ1/3/5) and as such should prove to be a valuable tool compound for understanding these channels in regulating neuronal activity.
Star poly(methyl methacrylate) with end‐functionalized arm chains by ruthenium‐catalyzed living radical polymerization (2002)

Abstract Star polymers with end‐functionalized arm chains (surface‐functionalized star polymers) were synthesized by the in situ linking reaction between ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (linking agent) and an α‐end‐functionalized linear living poly(methyl methacrylate) in RuCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 3 ‐catalyzed living radical polymerization; the terminal on the surface functionalities included amides, alcohols, amines, and esters. The star polymers were obtained in high yields (75–90%) with initiating systems consisting of a functionalized 2‐chloro‐2‐phenylacetate or ‐acetamide [ F C(O)CHPhCl; F = n PrNH, HOCH 2 CH 2 O, Me 2 NCH 2 CH 2 O, or EtO; initiator] and n ‐Bu 3 N (additive). The yield was lower with a functionalized 2‐bromoisobutyrate [Me 2 NCH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CMe 2 Br] initiator or with Al(O i ‐Pr) 3 as an additive. Multi‐angle laser light scattering analysis showed that the star polymers had arm numbers of 10–100, radii of gyration of 6–23 nm, and weight‐average molecular weights of 1.3 × 10 5 to 3.0 × 10 6 , which could be controlled by the molar ratio of the linking agent to the linear living polymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1972–1982, 2002
Decreased substrate affinity upon alteration of the substrate‐docking region in cytochrome P450<sub>BM‐3</sub> (1997)

A mutation at the surface of the substrate access channel which dramatically decreases the affinity for some fatty acids in P450(BM-3) was discovered by random mutagenesis. The mutation introduced, proline-25 to glutamine, is in close proximity to the arginine-47 residue thought to be responsible for the initial docking of fatty acid substrates. The P25Q mutant displays an affinity for palmitate which is approximately 100-fold weaker than the wild-type enzyme. In addition to its altered substrate affinity, P25Q also exhibits altered hydroxylation specificity and carbon monoxide recombination kinetics in the substrate-free form.
Shaping the military wound: issues surrounding the reconstruction of injured servicemen at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine (2010)

The conflict in Afghanistan has produced injuries similar to those produced from military conflicts for generations. What distinguishes the modern casualty of the conflict in Afghanistan from those of other conflicts is the effectiveness of modern field medical care that has led to individuals surviving with injuries, which would have been immediately fatal even a few years ago. These patients present several challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. These injured individuals present early challenges of massive soft-tissue trauma, unstable physiology, complex bony and soft-tissue defects, unusual infections, limited reconstructive donor sites, peripheral nerve injuries and traumatic amputations. Late challenges to rehabilitation include the development of heterotopic ossification in amputation stumps. This paper outlines the approach taken by the reconstructive team at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine in managing these most difficult of reconstructive challenges.
Orthotropic stress field induced by TSV and its impact on device performance (2011)

An orthotropic stress field was observed in the vicinity of the Cu-filled TSV on nominal (100) silicon substrate from both μRaman measured data and validated FEM result. The orthotropic elastic behavior of silicon in the (100) plane is believed to be the reason. The FEM model was further validated by the comparison with the measured electrical data, and used to predict the device performance shift under the influence of the TSV-induced stress. The performance shift pattern also showed an orthotropic pattern. This finding has profound implication on 3D silicon stacking design rule and system integration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Modifications of the Erythromycin A Macrolactone: Effects on Biological Activity (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biological nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by deammonification assisted by heterotrophic denitrification in a rotating biological contactor (RBC) (2007)

Due to negative environmental effects of nitrogen discharge to recipients and increasingly stringent effluent standards, effective nitrogen removal is necessity. Biological methods are the simplest and cheapest way to treat wastewater; however, it may become an extremely expensive option when high influent nitrogen concentrations are measured and there is a lack of biodegradable organic carbon. Therefore, there is a great need to find new solutions and improve existing technologies. The deammonification is an excellent example of such a new process that requires considerably low amounts of organic carbon and oxygen in comparison to conventional nitrification/denitrification. The main objective of presented research was to investigate an Anammox process accompanied with autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification in one rotating biological contactor (RBC). During the research period, it was possible to carry out the Anammox process in low temperature below 20 'C. Additionally, it was found that the process is insensitive to high nitrite concentration in the reactor, up to 100 g NO2-N m(-3), resulting only in a temporary decrease in removal rates. Furthermore, analysis of data indicated that the Stover-Kincannon model can be used for the description of ammonium and nitrite removal processes.
Digital creatures for future entertainment robotics (2002)

The twenty first century will become an era of autonomous robots which are partners of human beings. Autonomous robots will help and support people in the future. We introduce AIBO, the first product model of robot entertainment systems. The main application of this robot is a pet-style robot, which must be lifelike in appearance. In addition to the pet-style robot issue, which is to promote and to present an example of robot entertainment application, we introduce OPEN-R, which is to accelerate the research and development of autonomous robots. Although AIBO is not a nursing robot, we believe the development of AIBO to be the first step of the era of autonomous robots in the twenty first century.
A Fully Automated Framework for Segmentation and Stenosis Quantification of Coronary Arteries in 3D CTA Imaging (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel framework to segment and quantify stenosed coronary arteries in 3D contrast enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA). According to our knowledge, no commercially available software package permits fully automated detection and assessment of atherosclerotic stenosis. Therefore, in clinical practice, the radiologist has to make a detailed evaluation, segment by segment, which is obviously a tedious and time consuming task. In the proposed framework, the main branches of the coronary arteries are firstly extracted from the volume datasets by using a localized region-based level sets framework. Next, calcified voxels are removed by a post processing step. The centreline of the coronaries is extracted by mesh contraction algorithm. Finally, we compute the circularity and the convex hull deficiency of the cross sections at specific locations along the coronary arteries, which are then used to automatically detect and identify the presence of calcified stenosis.
Successful treatment of verruca plana with NB‐UVB: A case report (2019)

Verruca plana is a kind of benign proliferative skin disease that generally occurs in exposed parts, but the treatment of warts poses a therapeutic challenge for physicians, as there is no method, among numerous approaches, that has been proven effective for completely curing this disease. We report a case of verruca plana cured by narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB), which provides a new treatment of verruca plana.
Instance Segmentation of Biological Images Using Harmonic Embeddings (2020)

We present a new instance segmentation approach tailored to biological images, where instances may correspond to individual cells, organisms or plant parts. Unlike instance segmentation for user photographs or road scenes, in biological data object instances may be particularly densely packed, the appearance variation may be particularly low, the processing power may be restricted, while, on the other hand, the variability of sizes of individual instances may be limited. The proposed approach successfully addresses these peculiarities. Our approach describes each object instance using an expectation of a limited number of sine waves with frequencies and phases adjusted to particular object sizes and densities. At train time, a fully-convolutional network is learned to predict the object embeddings at each pixel using a simple pixelwise regression loss, while at test time the instances are recovered using clustering in the embedding space. In the experiments, we show that our approach outperforms previous embedding-based instance segmentation approaches on a number of biological datasets, achieving state-of-the-art on a popular CVPPP benchmark. This excellent performance is combined with computational efficiency that is needed for deployment to domain specialists. The source code of the approach is available at https://github.com/kulikovv/harmonic .