gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic sensor for nondestructive testing applications (2008)

This paper presents the development of a Bragg grating interrogation technique for measurements of strain, stress, temperature, and ultrasonic waves. The sensor design and instrumentation technique offer a number of advantages including sensor compactness, lightweight, low-cost, and multiplexing capability for damage detection and corrosion monitoring of advanced structures and components. Using a robust lock-in laser-based demodulation technique, simultaneous measurements of strain, temperature, and damage induced acoustic fields can be performed with high precision, high resolution, and high sensitivity. The interrogated sensor device containing an array of optical Bragg grating fibers and waveguides can be surface mounted on monitoring structures for non-destructive testing applications including highresolution strain measurement and high sensitivity damage and corrosion monitoring.
Physical examination of the full-term baby (1994)

Careful and compassionate examination of the full-term infant is the first postnatal expression of preventive medicine, enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities. It can also serve to reassure the family that the baby is normal. Although historically undertaken by medical staff, the examination may in future become the domain of the midwife.
Deterioration of autonomic neuronal receptor signaling and mechanisms intrinsic to heart pacemaker cells contribute to age‐associated alterations in heart rate variability <i>in vivo</i> (2016)

We aimed to determine how age-associated changes in mechanisms extrinsic and intrinsic to pacemaker cells relate to basal beating interval variability (BIV) reduction in vivo. Beating intervals (BIs) were measured in aged (23-25 months) and adult (3-4 months) C57BL/6 male mice (i) via ECG in vivo during light anesthesia in the basal state, or in the presence of 0.5 mg mL(-1) atropine + 1 mg mL(-1) propranolol (in vivo intrinsic conditions), and (ii) via a surface electrogram, in intact isolated pacemaker tissue. BIV was quantified in both time and frequency domains using linear and nonlinear indices. Although the average basal BI did not significantly change with age under intrinsic conditions in vivo and in the intact isolated pacemaker tissue, the average BI was prolonged in advanced age. In vivo basal BIV indices were found to be reduced with age, but this reduction diminished in the intrinsic state. However, in pacemaker tissue BIV indices increased in advanced age vs. adults. In the isolated pacemaker tissue, the sensitivity of the average BI and BIV in response to autonomic receptor stimulation or activation of mechanisms intrinsic to pacemaker cells by broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibition declined in advanced age. Thus, changes in mechanisms intrinsic to pacemaker cells increase the average BIs and BIV in the mice of advanced age. Autonomic neural input to pacemaker tissue compensates for failure of molecular intrinsic mechanisms to preserve average BI. But this compensation reduces the BIV due to both the imbalance of autonomic neural input to the pacemaker cells and altered pacemaker cell responses to neural input.
Simultaneous detection of multiple gas concentrations with multi-frequency wavelength modulation spectroscopy (2013)

A multi-frequency wavelength modulation spectroscopy (MF-WMS) method for simultaneous monitoring multiple gas concentrations is reported. Two wavelength lasers are selected and scanned at the same sawtooth waveform and different sinusoidal modulation frequencies. Also, a 2-in-1 coupler is used to collect laser beams into a single-mode fiber to deliver the combined beams to a same optical path. The outputs from the same InGaAs detector are demodulated by a set of homemade digital lock-in-amplifiers to obtain the harmonic signals, accordingly. The new multi-pass cell was designed and filled with five different concentrations of H2S and HCl gas mixtures for further analysis. In addition, an digital filter and a data running means method were used to further improve the stability. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio and the anti-interference ability had been improved and the MF-WMS system gives a good performance in terms of reproducibility and feasibility.
Sodium and Its Role in Cardiovascular Disease – The Debate Continues (2016)

Guidelines have recommended significant reductions in dietary sodium intake to improve cardiovascular health. However, these dietary sodium intake recommendations have been questioned as emerging evidence has shown that there is a higher risk of cardiovascular disease with a low sodium diet, including in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This may be related to the other pleotropic effects of dietary sodium intake. Therefore, despite recent review of dietary sodium intake guidelines by multiple organizations, including the dietary guidelines for Americans, American Diabetes Association, and American Heart Association, concerns about the impact of the degree of sodium restriction on cardiovascular health continue to be raised. This literature review examines the effects of dietary sodium intake on factors contributing to cardiovascular health, including left ventricular hypertrophy, heart rate, albuminuria, rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, serum lipids, insulin sensitivity, sympathetic nervous system activation, endothelial function, and immune function. In the last part of this review, the association between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular outcomes, especially in individuals with diabetes, is explored. Given the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes and the increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide, this review is important in summarizing the recent evidence regarding the effects of dietary sodium intake on cardiovascular health, especially in this population.
Low-Bandgap Donor−Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

A set of two donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers with carboxylic acid side groups have been synthesized and utilized as active materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The polymers feature a π-conjugated backbone consisting of an electron-poor 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD, acceptor) unit, alternating with either a thiophene-fluorene-thiophene triad (2a) or a terthiophene (3a) segment as the donor. The donor-acceptor polymers absorb broadly throughout the visible region, with terthiophene-BTD polymer 3a exhibiting an absorption onset at approximately 625 nm corresponding to a ∼1.9 eV bandgap. The polymers adsorb onto the surface of nanostructured TiO(2) due to interaction of the polar carboxylic acid units with the metal oxide surface. The resulting films absorb visible light strongly, and their spectra approximately mirror the polymers' solution absorption. Interestingly, a series of samples of 3a with different molecular weight (M(n)) adsorb to TiO(2) to an extent that varies inversely with M(n). DSSCs that utilize the donor-acceptor polymers as sensitizers were tested using an I(-)/I(3)(-) electrolyte. Importantly, for the set of polymer sensitizers 3a with varying M(n), the DSSC efficiency varies inversely with M(n), a result that reflects the difference in adsorption efficiency observed in the film absorption experiments. The best DSSC cell tested is based on a sample of 3a with M(n) ∼ 4000, and it exhibits a ∼65% peak IPCE with J(sc) ∼12.6 mA cm(-2) under AM1.5 illumination and an overall power conversion efficiency of ∼3%.
Bioinspired Quercitrin Nanocoatings: A Fluorescence-Based Method for Their Surface Quantification, and Their Effect on Stem Cell Adhesion and Differentiation to the Osteoblastic Lineage (2015)

Polyphenol-based coatings have several potential applications in medical devices, such as cardiovascular stents, contrast agents, drug delivery systems, or bone implants, due to the multiple bioactive functionalities of these compounds. In a previous study, we fabricated titanium surfaces functionalized with flavonoids through covalent chemistry, and observed their osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties in vitro. In this work, we report a fluorescence-based method for the quantification of the amount of flavonoid grafted onto the surfaces, using 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate, a boronic ester that spontaneously forms a fluorescent complex with flavonoids. The method is sensitive, simple, rapid, and easy to perform with routine equipment, and could be applied to determine the surface coverage of other plant-derived polyphenol-based coatings. Besides, we evaluated an approach based on reductive amination to covalently graft the flavonoid quercitrin to Ti substrates, and optimized the grafting conditions. Depending on the reaction conditions, the amount of quercitrin grafted was between 64 ± 10 and 842 ± 361 nmol on 6.2 mm Ti coins. Finally, we evaluated the in vitro behavior of bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the quercitrin nanocoated Ti surfaces. The surfaces functionalized with quercitrin showed a faster stem cell adhesion than control surfaces, probably due to the presence of the catechol groups of quercitrin on the surfaces. A rapid cell adhesion is crucial for the successful performance of an implant. Furthermore, quercitrin-nanocoated surfaces enhanced the mineralization of the cells after 21 days of cell culture. These results indicate that quercitrin nanocoatings could promote the rapid osteointegration of bone implants.
Localization in Wireless Networks Using Decision Trees and K-Means Clustering (2012)

Node localization is employed in many wireless networks as it can be used to improve routing and enhance security. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm based on decision tree classification and K-means clustering which are well known techniques in data mining. Several performance measures are used to compare the K-means localization algorithm with those using linear least squares (LLS) and weighted linear least squares based on singular value decomposition (WLS-SVD). It is shown that the proposed algorithm performs better than the LLS and WLS-SVD algorithms even when the geometric anchor distribution about an unlocalized node is poor.
Large-Scale Integration of Semiconductor Nanowires for High-Performance Flexible Electronics (2012)

High-performance flexible electronics has attracted much attention in recent years due to potential applications in flexible displays, artificial skin, radio frequency identification, sensor tapes, etc. Various materials such as organic and inorganic semiconductor nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc. have been explored as the active semiconductor components for flexible devices. Among them, inorganic semiconductor nanowires are considered as highly promising materials due to their relatively high carrier mobility, reliable control on geometry and electronic properties, and cost-effective synthesis processes. In this review, recent progress on the assembly of high-performance inorganic semiconductor nanowires and their applications for large-scale flexible electronics will be summarized. In particular, nanowire-based integrated circuitry and high-frequency electronics will be highlighted.
Noise in high performance thin-film longitudinal magnetic recording media (1985)

The problem of noise in thin-film longitudinal media is analyzed experimentally and theoretically. The physical mechanism for the noise is shown to be fluctuations in the geometry of the zig-zag transitions separating bit cells. The shifted-transition noise model is introduced as a means of quantifying the noise processes. Spatial, spectral, and autocorrelation properties are introduced. A calculation of the RMS noise voltage yields the characteristic noise versus density curves found experimentally, and clarifies their interpretation with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio. The corresponding experimental data for several plated and sputtered media are presented and analyzed in the light of the model predictions.
Nebulization of drugs in a nasal CPAP system (1999)

Aerosolized drugs have been used in infants for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (β-agonists, steroids and surfactant) and bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (epinephrine and ribavirin). Controlled clinical trials have, however, produced conflicting results, probably due in part to problems with the transportation of the aerosol from the nebulizer to the bronchioli. We have modified a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system permitting an aerosol to flow through a canal to the nasal prongs and into the airways of the infant. It has been used successfully for the administration of epinephrine, salbutamol, budesonide, acetylcysteine, natural surfactant and ribavirin to sick infants. The modified nasal CPAP system is a simple, safe, cost-efficient and baby-friendly system for respiratory support and drug treatment, which can be used in future trials of aerosolized drugs.
On the reporting of mass contrast in CAD research (1996)

As research efforts for developing computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) schemes of digitized mammograms increase and interscheme results are compared, the desire to establish an acceptable consistent reporting protocol of the distribution of abnormal characteristic is becoming an issue. "Mass contrast" is very important and frequently reported in current CAD studies. In this report, 100 verified mass regions were analyzed systemically using 6 different definitions of "mass contrast." Measured variability in mass contrast was demonstrated by the distribution shift in this group masses. The need for universally accepted and largely standardized descriptors of objects of interest is clearly demonstrated.
Observation of two types of trapping centers in thin film transistors using charge pumping technique (1995)

Using voltage- and frequency-dependent charge pumping techniques, we observed two types of trapping centers with different densities, cross-sections, and trapped charges at the polysilicon-(TEOS) gate oxide interface in thin film transistors (TFT's). These observations can be explained in terms of nonuniform energetic or spatial distribution of the traps due to the channel polysilicon grain structure or related to the process-induced interface defects. Mechanisms are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Designing harmonic filters for adjustable-speed drives to comply with IEEE-519 harmonic limits (1999)

This paper discusses the application of the revised IEEE 519 harmonics standard to typical industrial facilities employing adjustable-speed drives (ASDs). The harmonic generation characteristics of ASDs are described. Requirements for control of the harmonic currents are developed as a function of the ASD characteristics, overall plant loading level, power system characteristics, and power-factor-correction requirements. Filter design procedures are presented for controlling the harmonic currents injected into the power system.
On Facing the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with Combination of Nanomaterials and Medicine: Possible Strategies and First Challenges (2020)

Global health is facing the most dangerous situation regarding the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome called coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is widely known as the abbreviated COVID-19 pandemic. This is due to the highly infectious nature of the disease and its possibility to cause pneumonia induced death in approximately 6.89% of infected individuals (data until 27 April 2020). The pathogen causing COVID-19 is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to be originated from the Wuhan Province in China. Unfortunately, an effective and approved vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 virus is still not available, making the situation more dangerous and currently available medical care futile. This unmet medical need thus requires significant and very urgent research attention to develop an effective vaccine to address the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this review, the state-of-the-art drug design strategies against the virus are critically summarized including exploitations of novel drugs and potentials of repurposed drugs. The applications of nanochemistry and general nanotechnology was also discussed to give the status of nanodiagnostic systems for COVID-19.
Kubernetes or OpenShift? Which Technology Best Suits Eclipse Hono IoT Deployments (2018)

New verticals within the Internet of Things paradigm, i.e., smart cities, industrie 4.0, etc., require specific platform(s) to allow different components to communicate. The value of the IoT systems often correlates directly with the ability of those platforms to connect different devices efficiently and integrate them into higher-level solutions. Eclipse Hono allows the provisioning of remote service interfaces for connecting devices to a back-end and interacts with them uniformly regardless of their types and communication protocols. Currently, there is a variety of possibilities for using Hono in production; it can be deployed on Kubernetes, OpenShift or Docker Swarms. However, these deployments decisions have important performance implications that the developers are not often aware of. In this paper, we step up loads in Kubernetes and OpenShift to clear out the performance costs of their deployment scenarios, with the aim to provide the practitioners with guidelines to help understand the performance implications of their design and deployment decisions.
Developmental Defects of Enamel in Chinese Girls and Boys in Hong Kong (1989)

The FDI (DDE) Index--with some modifications and a re-designed recording sheet--was used to determine the prevalence of the different types of developmental defects of enamel. The public water supply contained 1.0 ppm when the children were bron and 0.7 ppm at the time of the examinations. All surfaces of the teeth of 460 female and 484 male, 12-year-old, Chinese children were examined after the teeth had been cleaned and dried. Mouth prevalences for all types of opacities, hypoplasia, and discoloration were 99.6%, 82.8%, and 16.6%, respectively. There was no apparent statistically significant difference between girls and boys. However, a statistically significant difference was seen between the sexes for white patches (p less than 0.05), missing enamel (p less than 0.05), and horizontal grooves (p less than 0.01). There were 811 (85.7%) children with more than 13 teeth affected by opacities, and 417 (44.2%) children had more than four teeth affected by hypoplasia. The most common defect was the diffuse white patch, and the least common was the vertical groove. There were 189 (39.0%) boys with between four and 12 teeth affected by more than two types of defect per tooth. White lines were the most difficult defect to diagnose reproducibly. Intra-examiner reproducibility for all other defects achieved levels of "almost perfect" and "substantial" by calculation of the Kappa coefficient.
A binary-compatible unikernel (2019)

Unikernels are minimal single-purpose virtual machines. They are highly popular in the research domain due to the benefits they provide. A barrier to their widespread adoption is the difficulty/impossibility to port existing applications to current unikernels. HermiTux is the first unikernel providing binary-compatibility with Linux applications. It is composed of a hypervisor and lightweight kernel layer emulating OS interfaces at load-and runtime in accordance with the Linux ABI. HermiTux relieves application developers from the burden of porting software, while providing unikernel benefits such as security through hardware-assisted virtualized isolation, swift boot time, and low disk/memory footprint. Fast system calls and kernel modularity are enabled through binary rewriting and analysis techniques, as well as shared library substitution. Compared to other unikernels, HermiTux boots faster and has a lower memory/disk footprint. We demonstrate that over a range of native C/C++/Fortran/Python Linux applications, HermiTux performs similarly to Linux in most cases: its performance overhead averages 3% in memory-and compute-bound scenarios.
Evaluation and Management of Cardiac Safety Using the Electrocardiogram in Oncology Clinical Trials: Focus on Cardiac Repolarization (QTc Interval) (2009)

Non-antiarrhythmic drugs have been reported to prolong the QTc interval and induce potentially fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. An increasing number of drugs that are used for treating malignancies are no exception. Therefore, both oncologists and regulators expect sponsors of oncology drugs to evaluate, during the development of the drugs, their effects on the electrocardiogram (ECG), particularly on the QTc interval. In the case of agents that cannot be administered to healthy volunteers, the primary approach is to carry out an intense ECG evaluation, employing robust ECG recordings, during early-phase clinical trials, together with characterization of the concentration-QTc interval relationship, and follow this up with an appropriate intensity of ECG monitoring in the later phases of development. This article describes the broad principles of these approaches, including recommendations for exclusion criteria (relative to baseline QTc interval and to cardiac comorbidity); it also describes methods for conducting ECG monitoring and a proposed scheme for the management of any QTc-related effects that may emerge.
Dimethylformamide-catalyzed decarboxylation of alkyl chloroformates. A synthesis of primary alkyl chlorides (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimethylformamide-catalyzed decarboxylation of alkyl chloroformates. A synthesis of primary alkyl chloridesReinhard Richter and Benjamin TuckerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 15, 2625–2627Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00163a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00163a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1024Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts