gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Influence of CYP1A1, CYP2D6, GSTM1, and GSTT1 Genetic Polymorphisms (1999)

Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, factors governing susceptibility to this disease have not yet been identified. As such, ALL offers a useful opportunity to examine the glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genes in determining susceptibility to pediatric cancers. Both enzymes are involved in carcinogen metabolism and have been shown to influence the risk a variety of solid tumors in adults. To determine whether these genes played a similar role in childhood leukemogenesis, we compared the allele frequencies of 177 childhood ALL patients and 304 controls for the CYP1A1, CYP2D6, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes. We chose the French population of Quebec as our study population because of its relative genetic homogeneity. The GSTM1 null and CYP1A1*2A genotypes were both found to be significant predictors of ALL risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8). Those possessing both genotypes were at an even greater risk of developing the disease (OR = 3.3). None of the other alleles tested for proved to be significant indicators of ALL risk. Unexpectedly, girls carrying the CYP1A1∗4 were significantly underrepresented in the ALL group (OR = 0.2), suggesting that a gender-specific protective role exists for this allele. These results suggest that the risk of ALL may indeed be associated with xenobiotics-metabolism, and thus with environmental exposures. Our findings may also explain, in part, why ALL is more prevalent among males than females.
Synthesis of large single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride grains on Cu–Ni alloy (2015)

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has attracted significant attention because of its superior properties as well as its potential as an ideal dielectric layer for graphene-based devices. The h-BN films obtained via chemical vapour deposition in earlier reports are always polycrystalline with small grains because of high nucleation density on substrates. Here we report the successful synthesis of large single-crystal h-BN grains on rational designed Cu-Ni alloy foils. It is found that the nucleation density can be greatly reduced to 60 per mm(2) by optimizing Ni ratio in substrates. The strategy enables the growth of single-crystal h-BN grains up to 7,500 μm(2), approximately two orders larger than that in previous reports. This work not only provides valuable information for understanding h-BN nucleation and growth mechanisms, but also gives an effective alternative to exfoliated h-BN as a high-quality dielectric layer for large-scale nanoelectronic applications.
Lipid Requirement for the Lipase Production by Geotrichum candidum Link (1973)

Journal Article Lipid Requirement for the Lipase Production by Geotrichum candidum Link Get access Mieko Iwai, Mieko Iwai The Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Tsujisaka, Yoshio Tsujisaka The Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshifumi Okamoto, Yoshifumi Okamoto The Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Juichiro Fukumoto Juichiro Fukumoto The Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 4, 1 April 1973, Pages 929–931, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1973.10860768 Published: 01 April 1973 Article history Received: 30 August 1972 Published: 01 April 1973
Purification of porcine pancreatic kallikrein using various affinity chromatographies and intestinal absorption of the purified kallikrein. (1983)

For the simple purification of porcine pancreas kallikrein, various affinity chromatographies using L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine (Pro-Phe-Arg-OH), tosyl-L-arginine (Tos-Arg-OH) and acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine (Ac-Phe-Arg-OH) as ligands were examined. The purification was performed as follows using the extract from acetone powder of porcine pancreas as starting material; ammonium sulfate fractionation (30-80%), affinity chromatography (repeated) and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, respectively. With these purification techniques, porcine pancreas kallikrein was purified about 2000-fold, respectively. From the results, these affinity chromatographies were considered to be effective for the purification of porcine pancreas kallikrein. Intestinal absorption of the purified kallikrein was also investigated using a rabbit. After the administration of the purified kallikrein into the intestinal tract, peripheral blood was taken from the ear vein and the plasma was assayed for Pro-Phe-Arg-7-amino-4-methylcoumarinamide hydrolytic activity. The concentration of the kallikrein in the blood was maximal at 3 hr after the administration and the absorption at this time amounted to about 0.07%.
Protein Redistribution Diet and Antiparkinsonian Response to Levodopa (1991)

Sixteen parkinsonian patients with daily fluctuations in the clinical response to levodopa have been placed on a redistribution protein diet. The diet was virtually protein-free until the evening meal and then unrestricted until bedtime. While on the redistribution protein diet, a group of patients (5 out of 16) had a clear and significant benefit from dietary therapy showing a definite reduction of diurnal motor performance fluctuations. In addition, all patients tended to show an improvement and a more constant response to levodopa treatment. A trial of redistribution protein diet appears a simple, reasonable, worthwhile approach to PD patients who begin to experience oscillating clinical response to levodopa treatment.
Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Infections and Inflammatory Diseases (2008)

The skin is the ultimate example of the function of innate immunity, it alerts the host of danger by many systems including sensing pathogen-associated molecule patterns (PAMPs) through Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), yet normally provides defense without inflammation. The skin responds rapidly to invading microbes by producing antimicrobial peptides or other antimicrobial intermediates before cytokine release results in inflammation. To achieve maximal immune responses for clearing invading microbes, the activation of select PRRs in skin then initiates and shapes adaptive immune responses through the activation of dendritic cells and recruitment of T cell subsets. Importantly, cross-talk between TLRs can influence this system in several ways including augmenting or suppressing the immune response. As a consequence of their pivotal role, TLR responses need to be tightly controlled by associated negative regulators or negative feedback loops to prevent detrimental effects from TLRs overactivation. This review focuses on describing the involvement of TLRs in the development of skin infections and inflammatory diseases, and highlights the potential application of TLR agonists or antagonists in these skin diseases.
Precursors for Si atomic layer epitaxy: Real time adsorption studies on Si(100) (1992)

Adsorption of SiClH3 and SiCl2H2 on Si(100) is studied as a function of surface temperature, comparing these precursors for Si atomic layer epitaxy (ALE). At 450–550 °C, a substantial surface H coverage (θH) exists during SiClH3 adsorption, and θH exhibits transient behavior. During SiCl2H2 adsorption, θH is much smaller. At 500 °C with SiCl2H2, ≂1 monolayer of Cl is formed after ≂4×1019 cm−2 exposure. Dichlorosilane is a suitable precursor for Si ALE, but desorption of HCl is significant at T≳500 °C so that SiCl2H2 adsorption is not strictly self-limiting.
Bacterial vaginosis and miscarriage (2004)

The relationship between bacterial vaginosis and infertility and first trimester loss needs further elucidation. Measures to support a healthy lactobacillus flora such as probiotic therapy warrant study. The randomized controlled trials of clindamycin treatment need to be replicated in different settings.
“Off-the-shelf” 3-D microfluidic nozzle (2010)

We present the construction and operation of a microfluidic nozzle created using several standard fluidic parts available commercially. By elegantly combining several pieces from a standard assembly, a capillary and a few other standard parts, we were able to develop a novel device. Using this device, precise axisymmetric flow focusing of particles was achieved and observed at the exit of the nozzle and within a connected microfluidic device several centimetres away. Sheath and core flow rates were varied to show influence and control over the width of the focused particles.
Cylindrical nanostructured MoS<sub>2</sub> directly grown on CNT composites for lithium-ion batteries (2015)

Direct attachment of MoS2 to materials with carbonaceous architecture remains a major challenge because of non-intimate contact between the carbonaceous materials and active MoS2 material. In this study, we report a new unique synthetic method to produce a new type of hybrid nanostructure of MoS2-CNTs composites. We developed a novel strategy for the synthesis of cylindrical MoS2 directly grown on CNT composites without the use of any other additives, exhibiting superior electrochemical performance as the anode material of lithium-ion batteries via a microwave irradiation technique. We adopted a simple step-by-step method: coating sulfur on CNTs and then reaction with a Mo source to synthesize hybrid cylindrical nanostructures of the MoS2-CNT composite. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the as-synthesized MoS2-CNTs possessed a hybrid nanostructure, in which MoS2 sheets were well attached to the CNTs. The directly attached MoS2 sheets on the CNTs showed superior electrochemical performance as anode materials in a lithium-ion battery.
Non-intrusive IP traceback for DDoS attacks (2007)

The paper describes a Non-Intrusive IP traceback scheme which uses sampled traffic under non-attack conditions to build and maintains caches of the valid source addresses transiting network routers. Under attack conditions, route anomalies are detected by determining which routers have been used for unknown source addresses, in order to construct the attack graph. Results of simulation studies are presented. Our approach does not require changes to the Internet routers or protocols. Precise information regarding the attack is not required allowing a wide variety of DDoS attack detection techniques to be used. Our algorithm is simple and efficient, allowing for a fast traceback and the scheme is scalable due to the distribution of processing workload.
The human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line A204 lays down a highly insoluble matrix composed mainly of α1 type‐XI and α2 type‐V collagen chains (1992)

The biosynthesis of collagen by the A204 cell line was examined using polyclonal antibodies raised against collagen type V and type XI. The study of the pepsin-digested collagen showed that it is composed mainly of alpha 1(XI) and alpha 2(V) collagen chains in an apparent 2:1 ratio, suggesting the formation of heterotypic molecules [alpha 1(XI)]2 alpha 2(V). The existence of this chain stoichiometry was further demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of the molecule with an antibody recognizing alpha 2(V) but not alpha 1(XI) collagen chains. Electron microscopy analyses of 24-h cultures showed that this matrix is composed of thin fibrils, that can be decorated with immunogold-labelled anti-(type-V collagen) IgG, but not with anti-(type-XI collagen) IgG. The collagen matrix laid down by A204 cells is highly insoluble. In the presence of beta-aminopropionitrile, an inhibitor of lysyl oxidase, only a small proportion of intact collagen could be extracted without proteolytic treatment. Immunoblotting of intact medium collagen from cultures performed in the presence of beta-aminopropionitrile showed four distinct bands with each antibody. The migration of the bands, stained with anti-(type-V collagen) IgG, had apparent molecular masses of 127, 149, 161 and 198 kDa (compared to globular standards) while the bands stained with anti-(type-XI collagen) IgG had apparent masses of 145, 182, 207 and 225 kDa. These data indicate that type-V and type-XI collagen chains can assemble in heterotypic isoforms. In this system, the synthesized isoforms are able to aggregate into a highly cohesive matrix and they undergo a proteolytic processing closely similar to that of other fibrillar collagens.
Hypotensive Mechanisms of Amifostine (1996)

Amifostine, a chemo- and radioprotective agent developed as adjunctive therapy for malignancies, induces hypotension after approximately 20% of patient administrations. This study examines the molecular mechanisms underlying hypotension induced by amifostine. Amifostine and its metabolite, WR-1065, induced dose-dependent hypotension in anesthetized rats that was not blocked by N(G)-methyl L arginine (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor. WR-1065 but not amifostine induced concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated rat aortic rings in an endothelium-independent fashion. Relaxation was not associated with increases in cGMP or cAMP and could not be blocked by L-NAME or indomethacin. Similarly, neither amifostine or WR-1065 activated adenylyl, particulate guanylyl, or soluble guanylyl cyclases. WR-1065 relaxed rat aortic rings precontracted with norepinepherine, suggesting alpha-adrenergic blocking activity. However, neither amifostine nor WR-1065 altered the ability of prazosin or phentolamine to bind to alpha-adrenergic receptors. Further, WR-1065 had no effect on receptor-mediated increases in intracellular calcium in BAL 17 murine B lymphocytes in vitro. Thus, hypotension after administration of amifostine is mediated by WR-1065 and appears to result from direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Smooth muscle relaxation induced by WR-1065 is not related to production of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, or cyclic nucleotides; alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonism; or interference with receptor-dependent increases in intracellular calcium. Administration of ephedrine, an efficacious adrenergic agonist, attenuated hypotension induced by amifostine in anesthetized rats and may be useful in alleviating hypotension associated with amifostine administration in patients.
HyScale: Hybrid Scaling of Dockerized Microservices Architectures (2018)

Recently, microservices architectures have garnered the attention of many organizations--providing higher levels of scalability, availability, and fault isolation. Many organizations choose to host their microservices architectures in cloud data centres to offset costs. Incidentally, data centres become over-encumbered during peak usage hours and underutilized during off-peak hours. Traditional scaling methods perform either horizontal or vertical scaling exclusively. When used in combination, however, both offer complementary benefits and compensate for each other's deficiencies. To leverage the high availability of horizontal scaling and the fine-grained resource control of vertical scaling, two novel reactive hybrid autoscaling algorithms are presented and benchmarked against Google's popular Kubernetes horizontal algorithm. Results indicated up to 1.49x speedups in response times, 10 times fewer failed requests, and 35% increase in resource efficiencies. Moreover, a novel predictive approach is also explored using neural networks and a custom online learning technique indicating prediction errors as low as 3.77%.
Hurricanes and typhoons: past, present, and future (2005)

Introduction, by Richard J. Murnane Part I Prehistoric Variability: Millennial to Centennial 2. Paleotempestology: Principles, Methods, and Examples from Gulf Coast Lake Sediments, by Kam-biu Liu 3. Back-barrier Sedimentary Records of Intense Hurricane Landfalls in the Northeastern United States, by Jeffrey P. Donnelly and Thompson Webb III Part II. Historic Variability: Centennial to Annual 4. A Method for Reconstructing Historical Hurricanes, by Emery R. Boose 5. Tropical Cyclone Reconstructions from Documentary Records: Examples for South Carolina, United States, by Cary J. Mock 6. The Use of Spanish and British Documentary Sources in the Investigation of Atlantic Hurricane Incidence in Historical Times, by Ricardo Garcia Herrera, Francisco Rubino Duran, Dennis Wheeler, Emiliano Hernand 7. The Atlantic Hurricane Database Reanalysis Project: Documentation for 1851-1910 Alterations and Additions to the HURDAT Database, by Christopher W. Landsea, Craig Anderson, Noel Charles, Gilbert Clark, Jason Dunio 8. Ancient Records of Typhoons in Chinese Historical Documents, by Kin-sheun Louie and Kam-biu Liu 9. The Importance of Best-Track Data for Understanding the Past, Present, and Future of Hurricanes and Typhoons, by Richard J. Murnane Part III. Present-day Variability: Interdecadal to Intraseasonal 10. Variations in Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific: From Interdecadal to Intraseasonal, by Johnny C. L. Chan 11. ENSO and Tropical Cyclone Activity, by Pao-Shin Chu 12. Hurricane Landfall Probability and Climate, by James B. Elsner and Brian H. Bossak 13. Dynamical Seasonal Forecasts of Tropical Storm Statistics, by Frederic Vitart Part IV. Potential Future Changes 14. Response of Tropical Cyclone Activity to Climate Change: Theoretical Basis, by Kerry Emanuel 15. Impact of Climate Change on Hurricane Intensities as Simulated Using Regional Nested High-Resolution Models, by Thomas R. Knutson, Robert E. Tuleya, Weixing Shen, and Isaac Ginis 16. Conclusion, by Richard J. Murnane and Kam-biu Liu , by i
Identification of capric acid as a potent vasorelaxant of human basilar arteries. (1991)

To determine whether naturally occurring fatty acids, especially saturated ones, might act directly as vasodilators, segments of human basilar arteries and umbilical arteries were precontracted submaximally with prostaglandin F2 alpha and then exposed to different saturated fatty acids (C4 through C16) or unsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) at concentrations from 4 microM to 4 mM. The results showed caprate (C10) to be the most potent vasorelaxant and basilar arteries to be more responsive (EC50 = 63 microM) than umbilical arteries (EC50 = 780 microM). Caprate also inhibited contractions elicited by KCl, serotonin, and the thromboxane analogue U46619. The relaxation was independent of the endothelium, and potency was not related to the weak capacity of caprate to inhibit Ca(2+)-induced contractions of K(+)-depolarized basilar arteries. The pattern of potencies for the arteries differed, but among unsaturated fatty acids the monounsaturated (C14:1, C18:1) were more potent than the polyunsaturated (C18:2, C18:3). Comparing the potencies obtained with the concentrations reported for the free fatty acid content of arteries, brain, and plasma indicates that these lipids could influence vasomotion in health and disease.
<i>In vivo</i> suppressor mutations correct a murine model of hereditary tyrosinemia type I (1999)

Hereditary tyrosinemia type I and alkaptonuria are disorders of tyrosine catabolism caused by deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) and homogentisic acid dioxygenase (HGD), respectively. Tyrosinemia is a severe childhood disease that affects the liver and kidneys, but alkaptonuria is a more benign adult disorder in comparison. Because HGD is upstream of FAH in the tyrosine pathway, mice doubly mutant in both enzymes were found to be protected from the liver and renal damage of tyrosinemia as hypothesized. Mice mutant at the tyrosinemic locus but heterozygous for alkaptonuria spontaneously developed clonal nodules of functionally normal hepatocytes that were able to rescue the livers of some mice with this genotype. This phenotypic rescue was a result of an inactivating mutation of the wild-type homogentisic acid dioxygenase gene, thus presenting an example of an in vivo suppressor mutation in a mammalian model.
Lab on skin<sup>™</sup>: 3D monolithically integrated zero-energy micro/nanofludics and FD SOI ion sensitive FETs for wearable multi-sensing sweat applications (2017)

This paper reports a novel fully integrated low power multi-sensing smart system, which, by wafer-level 3D heterogeneous integration of Ion Sensitive Fully Depleted (FD) FETs and SU-8 micro/nanofludics, achieves the first of its kind wearable multi-sensing system, called Lab on Skin <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> , capable to detect biomarkers in human sweat. In the reported configuration, the multi-sensing system exploits arrays of functionalized sensors capable to simultaneously detect pH, Na+ and K+ concentrations in sweat in real time. We present a detailed electrical DC and dynamic characterization, showing excellent sensitivities (52mV/dec for pH and −37mV/dec for Na <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> sensors) with ultra-low power consumption (less than 50 nWatts/sensor). We report ion cross-sensitivities and a differential measurement approach that allows calibrated measurements. Overall, the paper reports significant advances in the design and fabrication of micro/nanofludics channels, inlets compatible with human skin pore size and density, and outlet passive pumps with flow rates of tens of pl/s; all capable of exploiting capillary forces in order to provide a zero energy pumping of sweat into sensing channels. Moreover, we report the first integration of a miniaturized Ag/AgCl Quasi-Reference Electrodes (QRE) into the sensing system, with long term stability, paving the way for fully wearable electronic chips in flexible patches or as plug-in modules in wrist based devices.
Herpes virus-like sequences are specifically found in Kaposi sarcoma lesions. (1996)

KSHV is prevalent in tissues from Kaposi sarcoma, suggesting a role in the development of the tumour. On this basis, anti-herpes virus agents should be considered to control Kaposi sarcoma.
A 90-nm CMOS 5-GHz Ring-Oscillator PLL With Delay-Discriminator-Based Active Phase-Noise Cancellation (2013)

Ring oscillators (ROs) provide a low-cost digital VCO solution in fully integrated PLLs. However, due to their supply noise sensitivity and high noise floor, their applications have been limited to low-performance applications. The proposed architecture introduces an analog feed-forward adaptive phase-noise cancellation architecture that extracts and suppresses phase noise of ROs outside the PLL bandwidth. The proposed technique can improve the phase noise at an arbitrary offset frequency and bandwidth, and, after initial calibration for gain, it is insensitive to process, voltage, and temperature variations. An experimental fractional PLL, with a loop bandwidth of 200 kHz, is utilized to demonstrate the active phase-noise cancellation approach. The cancellation loop is designed to suppress the phase noise at 1-MHz offset by 12.5 dB and reference spur by 13 dB with less than 17% increase in the overall power consumption at 5.1-GHz frequency. The measured phase noise at 1-MHz offset after cancellation is -105 dBc/Hz. The proposed RO-PLL is fabricated in 90-nm CMOS process. With noise cancellation loop enabled, the PLL consumes 24.7 mA at 1.2-V supply.