gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interim estimates of 2013/14 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 from Canada’s sentinel surveillance network, January 2014 (2014)

The 2013/14 influenza season to date in Canada has been characterised by predominant (90%) A(H1N1)pdm09 activity. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was assessed in January 2014 by Canada's sentinel surveillance network using a test-negative case-control design. Interim adjusted-VE against medically-attended laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection was 74% (95% CI: 58-83). Relative to vaccine, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were antigenically similar and genetically well conserved, with most showing just three mutations across the 50 amino acids comprising antigenic sites of the haemagglutinin protein.
<title>A routing algorithm for industrial wireless network based on deterministic scheduling</title> (2012)

In the industrial wireless network, determinacy, reliability and real-time applications have been bottleneck of the network. The existed routing protocols of the wireless sensor network cannot be fully corresponded with the industrial applications. In this paper, a routing algorithm based LQI (link quality indicator) and deterministic scheduling is proposed, which is focus to solve the issue of high reliability. The test results in ISA100.11a DL subnet show the superiority of the proposed algorithm, which has much more superiority to reduce the network overhead and save the network resources.
Prevalence and clinical application of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in Asian prostate cancer patients: a large-sample study in Chinese people and a systematic review (2019)

Fusion between the transmembrane protease serine 2 and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (TMPRSS2-ERG fusion) is a common genetic alteration in prostate cancer among Western populations and has been suggested as playing a role in tumorigenesis and progression of prostate cancer. However, the prevalence of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion differs among different ethnic groups, and contradictory results have been reported in Asian patients. We aim to evaluate the prevalence and significance of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion as a molecular subtyping and prognosis indicator of prostate cancer in Asians. We identified the fusion status in 669 samples from prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry in China. We examined the association of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion with clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence by Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Finally, a systematic review was performed to investigate the positive rate of the fusion in Asian prostate cancer patients. McNemar's test was employed to compare the positive rates of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion detected using different methods. The positive rates of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion were 16% in our samples and 27% in Asian patients. In our samples, 9.4% and 19.3% of cases were recognized as fusion positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. No significant association between the fusion and clinical parameters was observed. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion is not a frequent genomic alteration among Asian prostate cancer patients and has limited significance in clinical practices in China. Besides ethnic difference, detection methods potentially influence the results showing a positive rate of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion.
Augmented Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Atherosclerotic Vessels (1997)

Abstract Vascular endothelium is an important target for gene transfer in atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined gene transfer to normal and atherosclerotic blood vessels from two species, using an organ culture method. Using normal aorta, we determined optimal dose, duration of exposure to adenovirus, and duration of incubation of vessels in tissue culture. Aortas from normal and atherosclerotic monkeys were cut into rings and incubated for 2 hours with a recombinant adenovirus, carrying the reporter gene for β-galactosidase driven by a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. After 20 hours of incubation, transgene expression was assessed with a morphometric method after histochemical staining and a chemiluminescent assay of enzyme activity. Expression of β-galactosidase after histochemical staining, expressed as percentage of total cells, was similar in adventitial cells of normal monkeys (21±4%, mean±SE%) and atherosclerotic monkeys (25±12%). Transgene expression in endothelium was higher in atherosclerotic than in normal vessel (53±3% versus 27±7%, P <.05). Chemiluminescent assay indicated greater β-galactosidase activity (2.5±0.6 mU/mg of protein) in the intima and media of atherosclerotic than normal vessels (0.6±0.2 mU/mg of protein, P <.05). Aortas from normal (n=6) and atherosclerotic (n=5) rabbits also were examined. Transgene expression (after histochemical staining) in endothelium was much greater in atherosclerotic than normal rabbits (39±3% versus 9±2%, P <.05) and expression in adventitial cells was similar (normal 23±2%, atherosclerotic 24±4%). Chemiluminescent assay indicated greater β-galactosidase activity (1.2±0.4 mU/mg of protein) in the intima and media of atherosclerotic than normal vessels (0.2±0.1 mU/mg protein, P <.05). These findings suggest that an adenoviral vector with a CMV promoter provides similar transgene expression in adventitia of both normal and atherosclerotic vessels. Gene transfer to the endothelium was much more effective in atherosclerotic than in normal vessels. Thus it may be possible to achieve greater transgene expression in atherosclerotic than in normal arteries.
Majorana Fermions in Equilibrium and in Driven Cold-Atom Quantum Wires (2011)

We introduce a new approach to create and detect Majorana fermions using optically trapped 1D fermionic atoms. In our proposed setup, two internal states of the atoms couple via an optical Raman transition-simultaneously inducing an effective spin-orbit interaction and magnetic field-while a background molecular BEC cloud generates s-wave pairing for the atoms. The resulting cold-atom quantum wire supports Majorana fermions at phase boundaries between topologically trivial and nontrivial regions, as well as "Floquet Majorana fermions" when the system is periodically driven. We analyze experimental parameters, detection schemes, and various imperfections.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Apoptosis of Infected Oligodendrocytes in the Central Nervous System of Patients With and Without AIDS (2002)

Our study demonstrates that apoptosis occurs in oligodendrocytes associated with demyelinated lesions of patients with both HIV-associated and non-HIV-associated PML. There were no differences in degree, location, or type of infected or apoptotic cells between patients with HIV-associated and non-HIV-associated PML. The extent of apoptosis did not correlate with the presence or intensity of host inflammatory response. Accumulation of viral particles in nuclei of infected cells made it difficult to identify morphologic changes in the nucleus typically associated with apoptosis.
Electromyography of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscles in Subjects with Normal Knees and Acutely Effused Knees (1982)

The purpose of the study was to describe the electrical activity of the vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis muscles in subjects with normal knees and acute, severely effused knees when contracting maximally at 30 degrees and 0 degrees of knee flexion. Two groups identified were 1) an effused group (n=8) with subjects having one effused knee and one normal knee and 2) a normal group (n = 8) with subjects having two normal knees. The results were evaluated on two occasions by an observer who has unfamiliar with the groups to which the subjects belonged. The repeated evaluation yielded a high reliability coefficient (Spearman Rho r = .91). Analysis revealed a marked decrease in electrical activity at 0 degrees knee flexion compared to 30 degrees knee flexion in all muscles monitored in the effused knees, while the electrical activity was about equal in both joint positions for the normal knees in both groups. A hypothesis was formed that suggests the decreased electrical activity at 0 degrees in the effused knees results from reflex inhibition caused by joint capsule distension and intra-articular pressures that change with joint position.
Quasi-randomized path planning (2002)

We propose the use of quasi-random sampling techniques for path planning in high-dimensional configuration spaces. Following similar trends from related numerical computation fields, we show several advantages offered by these techniques in comparison to random sampling. Our ideas are evaluated in the context of the probabilistic roadmap (PRM) framework. Two quasi-random variants of PRM- based planners are proposed: 1) a classical PRM with quasi-random sampling; and 2) a quasi-random lazy-PRM. Both have been implemented, and are shown through experiments to offer some performance advantages in comparison to their randomized counterparts.
Avian adenoviruses. (2000)

Adenovirus infections are ubiquitous in commercially farmed birds, and probably in all avian species. There is a wide range of virulence, in some cases even within the same serotype. While many infections are subclinical and appear to be of little economic or welfare importance, significant outbreaks of disease associated with adenovirus do occur. These diseases are not of public health significance.
Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of 1‐Substituted‐1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles in the Acidic Ionic Liquid 1‐n‐Butylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ultrabroadband GaAs monolithic amplifier (1981)

A 500 kHz–2.8 GHz, 13.5 dB GaAs monolithic amplifier has been developed for gigabit baseband pulse amplification. Input VSWR was reduced using inter-gate-drain negative feedback. The interstage circuit is a DC coupled circuit consisting of a high impedance transmission line.
Hidden Markov modelling of spike propagation from interictal MEG data (2005)

For patients with partial epilepsy, automatic spike detection techniques applied to interictal MEG data often discover several potentially epileptogenic brain regions. An important determination in treatment planning is which of these detected regions are most likely to be the primary sources of epileptogenic activity. Analysis of the patterns of propagation activity between the detected regions may allow for detection of these primary epileptic foci. We describe the use of hidden Markov models (HMM) for estimation of the propagation patterns between several spiking regions from interictal MEG data. Analysis of the estimated transition probability matrix allows us to make inferences regarding the propagation pattern of the abnormal activity and determine the most likely region of its origin. The proposed HMM paradigm allows for a simple incorporation of the spike detector specificity and sensitivity characteristics. We develop bounds on performance for the case of perfect detection. We also apply the technique to simulated data sets in order to study the robustness of the method to the non-ideal specificity-sensitivity characteristics of the event detectors and compare results with the lower bounds. Our study demonstrates robustness of the proposed technique to event detection errors. We conclude with an example of the application of this method to a single patient.
What Would It Take To Have A Personal Assistant Who Fit Into Your World (1998)

In the AlterEgo project computer scientists, cognitive scientists, psychologists and engineers are working to build an intelligent wireless information management environment which can deal with changing connectivity, multiple integrated devices, and multiple information sources. The work described here argues for the utility of a rich representation of the user’s world as part of an intelligent environment, one which includes information about projects and people, their interrelationships and the nature of their importance to the user. We present one of the problems we are solving in the context of AlterEgo development, how to prioritize large numbers of messages with different levels and sorts of importance for users who have only a small window of time for reading email. Looking at this problem allows us to describe the representations and reasoning we are building in to the system.
Effects of a Topically Applied Bioadhesive Berry Gel on Loss of Heterozygosity Indices in Premalignant Oral Lesions (2008)

These preliminary data suggest that further evaluation of berry gels for oral IEN chemoprevention is warranted.
Comparing Measures of Sparsity (2009)

Sparsity of representations of signals has been shown to be a key concept of fundamental importance in fields such as blind source separation, compression, sampling and signal analysis. The aim of this paper is to compare several commonly-used sparsity measures based on intuitive attributes. Intuitively, a sparse representation is one in which a small number of coefficients contain a large proportion of the energy. In this paper, six properties are discussed: (Robin Hood, Scaling, Rising Tide, Cloning, Bill Gates, and Babies), each of which a sparsity measure should have. The main contributions of this paper are the proofs and the associated summary table which classify commonly-used sparsity measures based on whether or not they satisfy these six propositions. Only two of these measures satisfy all six: the pq-mean with p les 1, q > 1 and the Gini index.
Effectiveness of Digested Sewage Sludge Compost in Supplying Nutrients for Soilless Potting Media1 (1980)

Abstract Marigold was grown on 4 media treatments with different levels of composted digested sewage sludge. On each medium, a number of fertilizer amendment treatments were studied to evaluate compost as a replacement for the amendments ordinarily required for complete media. Media contained 0, 33, 67, and 100% sludge compost (by volume); the remainder was unfertilized Cornell mix (equal volume mixture of sphagnum peat moss and vermiculite). The recommended amendments for Cornell mix (N, P, limestone, and trace elements) were deleted one at a time, all, or all but N. Severe P deficiency of −P media was fully corrected by compost at all rates. Compost provided only part of the N requirement at 33%. All trace element requirements were supplied by compost, yet toxicities did not occur; compost-amended media pH was ≥ 6.7, which limited metal availability to plants. Soluble salts limited yield somewhat on all treatments containing 67 or 100% compost. Fertilization of 33% compost media with only KNO 3 (recommended rate for Cornell mix) allowed plant performance equal to the complete Cornell mix. Compost supplied much higher amounts of Fe, Zn, and Cu than are ordinarily added to media, and corrected an apparent marginal Cu deficiency-stress of complete Cornell mix. Composted digested sewage sludge was found to be an effective ingredient for potting media for marigolds when N is supplied from chemical sources.
Injection Molding of Magnesium Alloys (1988)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTInjection Molding of Magnesium AlloysWARD WORTHYView Author Information ChicagoCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1988, 66, 23, 29–30Publication Date (Print):June 6, 1988Publication History Published online8 November 2010Published inissue 6 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v066n023.p029https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v066n023.p029newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1988 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Casting processes,Magnesium,Metals,Plastics Get e-Alerts
Uncertainty analysis of depth predictions from seismic reflection data using Bayesian statistics (2018)

Estimating the depths of target horizons from seismic reflection data is an important task in exploration geophysics. To constrain these depths we need a reliable and accurate velocity model. Here, we build an optimum 2D seismic reflection data processing flow focused on pre – stack deghosting filters and velocity model building and apply Bayesian methods, including Gaussian process emulation and Bayesian History Matching (BHM), to estimate the uncertainties of the depths of key horizons near the borehole DSDP-258 located in the Mentelle Basin, south west of Australia, and compare the results with the drilled core from that well. Following this strategy, the tie between the modelled and observed depths from DSDP-258 core was in accordance with the ± 2σ posterior credibility intervals and predictions for depths to key horizons were made for the two new drill sites, adjacent the existing borehole of the area. The probabilistic analysis allowed us to generate multiple realizations of pre–stack depth migrated images, these can be directly used to better constrain interpretation and identify potential risk at drill sites. The method will be applied to constrain the drilling targets for the upcoming International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), leg 369.
Multiple Forms of Cytochrome c in the Rat (1968)

Abstract 1. The heterogeneity of cytochrome c obtained in the monomeric form from different organs of rat was studied. Disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel revealed the presence of four forms in heart muscle, liver, and kidney. In the kidney, the mean percentage distribution was Cy I 86.2%, Cy II 8.0%, Cy III 4.2%, and Cy IV 1.6%. 2. The rate at which radioactive iron (59Fe) is incorporated into cytochrome c of heart and kidney was followed in rats in a metabolic steady state. It was found that the isotope was taken up into Cy I at a rate which was approximately 30 times higher in the kidney than in the heart, which is comparable with the difference in the rate of DNA synthesis and cell turnover in these two organs. Furthermore, it was shown that the first fraction to become labeled was Cy I. Thus a distinct heterogeneity of 59Fe labeling of Cy I to Cy III was observed in the kidney, and the change in the degree of labeling as a function of time revealed the characteristics of a precursor-product relationship. This result supports previous observations indicating that only Cy I represents molecules synthesized by the cells, and that Cy II to Cy III are formed from Cy I by simple conversion in vivo. Based on previous studies on multiple forms of bovine heart cytochrome c, as well as on the conversion of rat kidney Cy I in vitro, it is concluded that the chemical basis for the in vivo conversion is a deamidation of asparagine or glutamine residues, or both. 3. The true life span of cytochrome c in the kidney was calculated to be approximately 80 days when based upon the conversion of Cy I into Cy II to Cy III. This value is in good agreement with the rate of conversion as determined in vitro (t½ = 95 days) at 37° and in an electrolyte solution corresponding to the intracellular fluid. From a functional point of view, however, the life span is even longer since Cy III also is capable of electron transfer in biological systems, even though it is less efficient than Cy I and Cy II. 4. The results are discussed in relation to the more general problems concerning the determination of protein turn-over within mammalian tissues. It is stressed that, when dealing with enzymes, one has to differentiate between a physicochemical and a functional turnover, since the rates of these two processes are not necessarily the same.
Metal-semiconductor domain configurations during switching of VO<sub>2</sub>single crystals (1976)

The geometry of stationary or mobile metallic and semiconducting domain configurations and their formation during the switching of a VO2 single crystal are discussed. It is shown that the motion of narrow semiconducting domains in the sense of the electric current is driven by the Peltier effect at the two oppositely biased interfaces. The Peltier heat may be partially or totally compensated for by thermal fluxes along temperature gradients in the supercooled metal and in the superheated semiconductor.
Hepatic artery-targeting guidewire technique during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (2011)

The TIPS procedure can be accomplished safely, precisely and relatively easily using the hepatic artery-targeting guidewire technique.
Resettlement: An Instrument of Protection and a Durable Solution (1997)

Resettlement: An Instrument of Protection and a Durable Solution Get access UNHCR RESETTLEMENT SECTION UNHCR RESETTLEMENT SECTION Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Refugee Law, Volume 9, Issue 4, October 1997, Pages 666–673, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/9.4.666 Published: 01 October 1997
Digital Transmission. Phase Diversity Optical Coherent Reception Experiment of DQPSK Signals. (1998)

A phase-diversity technique is a viable technique for transmitting wideband TV programs with closely-arranged optical signals in broadcasting stations. This paper describes DQPSK coherent detection using phase diversity. An excellent BER of 10-11 was achieved with a received optical power of -27 dBm at 2.97 Gb/s. 2.97 Gb/s corresponds to the transmission rate of two channels of the uncompressed digitalized HDTV signals. Optical intensity modulation with a microwave subcarrier is a key technology that can achieve QPSK coherent detection more easily than the direct optical phase modulation technology proposed so far.
Estimating National Trends in Inpatient Antibiotic Use Among US Hospitals From 2006 to 2012 (2016)

Overall DOT of all antibiotics among hospitalized patients in US hospitals has not changed significantly in recent years. Use of some antibiotics, especially broad spectrum agents, however, has increased significantly. This trend is worrisome in light of the rising challenge of antibiotic resistance. Our findings can help inform national efforts to improve antibiotic use by suggesting key targets for improvement interventions.
Creative destruction in the pharmaceutical industry (2007)

Pharmaceutical firms usually patent any new innovation in terms of the chemicals they use. These innovations are then developed in to drugs which are marketed once approved by FDA. These patents have made and receive citations. Citations made by patents granted today are backward citations and citations a patent will receive in the future are forward citations. This research shows that these patent citations on have a positive effect on market value of Pharmaceutical firms related to the patent. Backward citations do not destroy company rents. In fact, backward citations, illustrate the importance of the cited patent. Multiple citations imply that other firms are trying to develop more competitive drugs and therefore reduce market share of the firm that owns the cited patent. However, more citations to the cited patent also imply that the patent may become a blockbuster drug. Overall, this research shows that extensive R&D is positively correlated with the firm's returns.