gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A reconfigurable monopole MIMO antenna with wideband sensing capability for cognitive radio using varactor diodes (2015)

A cognitive radio multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of two reconfigurable printed monopole antennas and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed wideband sensing antenna located between the two antennas. The structure is specially designed for antenna miniature. Furthermore, the wideband antenna at the middle is utilized as a structure to enhance the isolation of two monopoles. When properly designed, the MIMO antenna can be electronically tuned over the lower ultrawideband (UWB) frequency band (2300-6300 MHz) using two pairs of varactor diodes. The wideband sensing antenna is used to cover a wide range frequency band from 2.2 GHz to more than 7 GHz. The proposed antenna elements develop a complete antenna platform for cognitive radio (CR) applications. The overall size of the antenna is set to be 60 × 40 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Antitrust in a developing economy : the case of Venezuela (1990)

Antitrust policy can be a valuable part of the legal framework supporting an open, market-oriented economy. Antritrust, properly conceived and executed, can promote competition, inhibit collusion, and discourage or prevent monopoly. In so doing, antitrust encourages greater efficiency, improved uses of resources, superior performance, and lower prices for consumers. However, an open trade and investment regime is not a substitute for an antitrust policy. There are risks to an antitrust policy; an overzealous, poorly focused, or poorly administered policy could be counterproductive. This report contains: a broad discussion of the role that an antitrust law can play in a market-oriented, developing economy; an overview of a proposed antitrust law under consideration in Venezuela and a summary of its strengths and weaknesses; and recommendations for changes and improvements in the draft law that would enhance its role in promoting competition and efficiency. While much of the paper is directed toward a specific proposal, its general analytic underpinnings are broadly applicable to any developing economy.
In vitro fibrillogenesis of tropocollagen type III in collagen type I affects its relative fibrillar topology and mechanics (2017)

Tropocollagen types I and III were simultaneously fibrilized in vitro, and the differences between the geometric and mechanical properties of the heterotypic fibrils with different mixing ratios of tropocollagen III to I were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the simultaneous presence of both tropocollagen types within the heterotypic fibrils. The incorporation of collagen III in I caused the fibrils to be thinner with a shorter D-banding than pure collagen I. Hertzian contact model was used to obtain the elastic moduli from atomic force microscope indentation testing using a force volume analysis. The results indicated that an increase in the percentage of tropocollagen III reduced the mechanical stiffness of the obtained fibrils. The mechanical stiffness of the collagen fibrils was found to be greater at higher loading frequencies. This observation might explain the dominance of collagen III over I in soft distensible organs such as human vocal folds.
An Overview of a Refinement Editor (1990)

The refinement calculus is a formal technique for the development of programs which are provably correct with respect to a given specification. The refinement editor provides automated support for the interactive derivation of programs using the refinement calculus. A novel aspect of the editor is that the user edits the record of refinements rather than manipulating the programs which they produce.
Modelling the Dispersion in a Suspended Microstripline (1987)

Dispersion in an open suspended microstripline is modelled. New frequency-dependent equations for the effective dielectric constant are reported. The equations are derived for four commonly used substrates (namely RT-Duroid, Fused Quartz, Alumina, and Gallium Arsenide) and reproduce the exact fullwave data within +-2 percent (+-1 percent for most cases).
Ion-Assisted Nucleation of Diamond (1995)

Abstract : Diamond thin films are envisioned for a wide variety of applications due to the unique chemical, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of this material. However, deposition limitations currently prevent the realization of many of these applications. The nucleation of diamond is one critical limitation which severely restricts the use of diamond films for emerging technologies. The nucleation process dictates the structure and morphology of the diamond thin films; therefore, nucleation ultimately affects a wide range of film properties including adhesion, strength, thermal and electrical conductivity, and optical transmissivity. Without specific pretreatments to overcome nucleation problems, heterogeneous diamond nucleation is inadequate for use in most applications. Therefore, several techniques for improving diamond nucleation were investigated in this thesis to improve the understanding of this critical aspect of diamond technology. Thin carbon films with varied structure proved ineffective for nucleation enhancement. Scratching/abrasion of substrates with diamond powder significantly enhanced nucleation, however, associated with this technique are a number of disadvantages. Ion assisted nucleation, also called bias enhanced nucleation, is a promising in situ technique for diamond nucleation densities in excess of 10(exp 10) cm-2. In this process a negative bias is applied to the substrate in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) system. The bombardment of the substrate by energetic carbon ions during the bias pretreatment controls the nucleation. A critical bias voltage is required for significant nucleation enhancement and the process is relatively independent of temperature and carbon concentration over specific ranges.
Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von (Ph<sub>3</sub>PNPPh<sub>3</sub>)[OsF<sub>5</sub>Cl]·CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> und cis-(Ph<sub>3</sub>PNPPh<sub>3</sub>)[OsF<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]·CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> / Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of (Ph<sub>3</sub>PNPPh<sub>3</sub>) [OsF<sub>5</sub>Cl]·CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> and cis-(Ph<sub>3</sub>PNPPh<sub>3</sub> )[OsF<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]·CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (2000)

By careful oxidation of the pure fluorochloroosmates(IV) with BrF 3 in dichloromethane the mixed pentavalent complex anions [OsF 5 Cl] - and cis -[OsF 4 Cl 2 ] - are formed. X-ray structure determinations on single crystals have been performed of (Ph 3 PNPPh 3 )[OsF 5 Cl]·CH 2 Cl 2 (1) (triclinic, space group P1̄, a = 12.153(5), b = 12.387(5), c = 14.229(5) Å , α = 70.07(1), β = 65.46(1), γ = 72.87(1)°, Z = 2) and cis-(Ph 3 PNPPh 3 )[OsF 4 Cl 2 ]·CH 2 Cl 2 (2) (triclinic, space group P1̄, a = 11.987(2) b = 13.083(2), c = 14.456(2) Å, α = 66.30(1), β = 65.47(1), γ = 71.22(1)°, Z = 2). Based on the molecular parameters of the X-ray determinations the IR and Raman spectra for the anions of 1 and 2 have been assigned by normal coordinate analysis. Due to the mutual trans influences the valence force constants of asymmetrically coordinated octahedral axes F • -Os-Cl′ differ from those of the symmetric F-Os-F axes. The data are for 1: f d (OsF • ) = 3.95, f d (OsF) = 4.07, f d (OsCl′) = 2.51 and for 2: f d (OsF • ) = 3.45, f d (OsF) = 3.97, f d (OsCl′) = 2.42 mdyn/Å
Passive Oxidation of an Effluent System: The Case of Polymer‐Derived SiCO (2005)

The oxidation kinetics of non‐oxides depend on the inward diffusion of oxygen from the environment through the passivating silica overgrowth, the outward diffusion of the effluent species, e.g., CO, produced by the oxidation reaction at the interface, and the chemical driving forces for diffusion. An analysis that combines these factors into a unified theory is presented. The analysis is applied to experiments on the oxidation of polymer‐derived amorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiCO) ceramics containing different amounts of carbon. The comparison between theory and experiment suggests that the activity of the so‐called “free carbon” in SiCO is likely to be less than unity, which explains why the oxidation of SiCO is passive in nature. Further, the analysis provides quantitative answers to the following questions: (a) How is the effective diffusivity for the parabolic rate constant related to the composition of the substrate, the inward diffusivity of oxygen, and the outward diffusivity of CO? (b) How does the rate constant depend on the activity of carbon in the substrate and on the activity of carbon in the environment? (c) How is the pressure of CO generated at the interface related to the carbon activity and the diffusion coefficients? The analysis points towards the need for systematic experiments in controlled O 2 /CO 2 environments for a more complete understanding of the oxidation kinetics of carbon‐based ceramics.
Studies of possible chemical emissions from PVC articles used in indoor applications and the effect on indoor air quality (1996)

Abstract Owing to their widespread use in interior applications, PVC products are frequently discussed in studies of indoor air quality. This paper reports results from the study of products in use and also products based on laboratory formulations that incorporate both unnaturally high and low levels of ingredients that could volatilize into the indoor air, thus giving a worst and best case scenario in terms of indoor emissions. Both PVC wallcovering and PVC flooring formulations have been studied, and laboratory produced samples have been subjected to gas chromatographic analysis to determine both the chemical species and the concentrations at which these can be emitted in typical interior applications. In all cases, including the worst ones, the level of these species in the indoor air is well below the permitted interior levels for the species concerned. These results, plus some outline of the concern over indoor health, are presented.
Helicon wave propagation: effect of electron inertia (1970)

We investigate the dispersion relation for travelling helicon waves in a uniform non-resistive plasma. We show that the effect of electron inertia for a cylindrical plasma bounded by conducting walls is qualitatively different from the plane wave case, leading to significant differences in the dispersion relation at all frequencies in the range 0 < ω < Ω e .
Improving Blocking Operation Support in Intel TBB (2013)

The Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB) template library has become a popular tool for programming many-core systems. However, it is not suitable in situations where a large number of potentially blocking calls has to be made to handle long-running operations like disk access or remote data access. We have designed and implemented an add-on for the TBB that allows developers to better integrate long-running operations into their applications. We have extended TBB's task dependencies to also include blocking operations and implemented a run-time that efficiently manages these dependencies.
A Point Pattern Matching Algorithm Based on Minimize Spanning Tree and Fiedler Vector (2009)

Based on the minimize spanning tree and Fiedler vector, a new feature matching algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a weighted complete graph is constructed with the feature points of each image respectively, then search the minimal spanning tree in each complete graph. Secondly, perform spectral decomposition on the Gaussian-weighted Laplace matrix of the minimize spanning tree respectively, and divide the feature points into several different sets based on the vector (Fiedler vector) corresponding to the second smallest eigenvalue of Laplace matrix, then the corresponding relation between sets is obtained. And construct Gaussian-weighted Laplace matrices between the corresponding sets, then submit the matrices to spectral decomposition. Finally, complete the feature matching by constructing matching matrix with eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Experiment results indicate that the algorithm has a high accuracy.
Cellular subtype distribution and developmental regulation of TRPC channel members in the mouse dorsal root ganglion (2007)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play essential roles in sensory physiology and their expression in different classes of sensory neurons reflect distinct receptive properties of these neurons. While expression of the TRPV, TRPA, and to a certain degree TRPM classes of channels has been studied in sensory neurons, little is known about the expression and regulation of TRPC channels. In this study we examined the regulation of all TRPC members (TRPC1-C7) throughout embryonic and postnatal development of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and nodose ganglion (NG). In adult mice, mRNAs for all channels were present in the DRG, with TRPC1, 3, and 6 being the most abundant, TRPC2, C4, and C5 at lower levels, and TRPC7 at very low levels. While TRPC2 mRNAs were downregulated from high levels at embryonic (E) day 12 and E14 until adult, TRPC4, C5, and C7 expressions increased from E12 to peak levels at E18. TRPC1, C3, and C6, the most abundant TRPC channel mRNAs, increased progressively from E12 to adult. Expression and regulation of TRPC channels mRNAs in the NG were unexpectedly similar to the DRG. TRPC1 and C2 was expressed in the neurofilament-200 (NF-200)-positive large size subclass of neurons, while TRPC3 mRNAs expression, which stained up to 35% of DRG neurons, was almost exclusively present in nonpeptidergic isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive small size neurons that were largely TRPV1-negative. Our results suggest important roles of the TRPC family of channels in sensory physiology of both nociceptive as well as nonnociceptive classes of neurons.
The development of an improved diffusive sampler (1981)

A diffusive sampler is described which is suitable for the determination of time weighted average personal exposures to airborne organic vapors. The sampler is in tube form and is designed so that existing thermal desorption techniques can be used for analysis. External flow effects have been eliminated by ensuring that the rate-determining step is the rate of diffusion across a fixed air gap. The effects of ambient humidity and temperature on diffusive uptake have been tested and shown to be small. Laboratory and field comparisons between the diffusive sampler and conventional pump and tube techniques suggest that field use of the sampler is valid.
Multiscale Approach to Ablation Modeling of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablators (2010)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
A Comparison of Vector-based Representations for Semantic Composition (2012)

In this paper we address the problem of modeling compositional meaning for phrases and sentences using distributional methods. We experiment with several possible combinations of representation and composition, exhibiting varying degrees of sophistication. Some are shallow while others operate over syntactic structure, rely on parameter learning, or require access to very large corpora. We find that shallow approaches are as good as more computationally intensive alternatives with regards to two particular tests: (1) phrase similarity and (2) paraphrase detection. The sizes of the involved training corpora and the generated vectors are not as important as the fit between the meaning representation and compositional method. 1
Silicon Nitride Ceramics (2008)

Silicon nitride is one of the major structural ceramics that has been developed following many years of intensive research. It possesses high flexural strength, high fracture resistance, good creep resistance, high hardness and excellent wear resistance. These properties arise from the processing of the ceramic by liquid phase sintering and the development of microstructures in which high aspect ratio grains and intergranular glass phase lead to excellent fracture toughness and high strength. The glass phase softens at high temperature and controls the creep rate of the ceramic. The purpose of this review is to examine the development of silicon nitride and the related sialons and their processing into a range of high-grade structural ceramic materials. The development of knowledge of microstructure–property relationships in silicon nitride materials is outlined, particularly recent advances in understanding the effects of grain boundary chemistry and structure on mechanical properties. This review should be of interest to scientists and engineers concerned with the processing and use of ceramics for structural engineering applications.
The Chronicles of America (1952)

The Chronicles of America. Edited by Allan Nevins. Vol. LIII, The Struggle for Survival; A Chronicle of Economic Mobilization in World War II. By Eliot Janeway. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951. ix + 382 pp. Illustrations, bibliographical note, and index. $6.00.) Get access Alfred H. Kelly Alfred H. Kelly Wayne University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 38, Issue 4, March 1952, Pages 731–732, https://doi.org/10.2307/1892874 Published: 01 March 1952
Non-interleaved Reed-Solomon coding over a bursty channel (2003)

The authors present a technique which analytically calculates the word, symbol, and bit error rates (BERs) of a Reed-Solomon (RS) coding system in a bursty (e.g., pulsed RF interference) environment with Poisson pulse arrivals, using a Markov chain model to represent burst errors. It is faster than the standard simulation method of analysis for low error rates, since its runtime is independent of the desired BER. The model is very flexible: it can analyze channels both with and without ideal (infinite) RS interleaving; it can analyze RS or shortened RS codes of any length, rate, or number of bits per symbol; and it can analyze a system which has a bursty channel characterized by bursts with a fixed length and by Poisson distributed arrival times. Results are presented for the commonly used RS (255,223) code, which guarantees correction of any 16 symbol errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A method to calculate angular disparities between object and receptor in `paralleling technique' (2002)

OBJECTIVE To develop an image analysis method for calculation of angular disparities between an object, temporarily equipped with a reference system, and a radiographic receptor. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mathematical method based on a reference system containing two metallic spheres is developed, allowing calculation of inclination between the inter-spherical axis and the digital image receptor using image features. Experimental evaluation was done in standardized projection geometry for two sphere sizes at four randomly chosen inclinations per size, with each radiograph assessed three times. Truth was assessed threefold from photographs obtained at each inclination. RESULTS Mean standard deviation between single assessments was 2.6 degrees. Significant differences (P Maloney/Rastogy=0.00) were found between absolute values of truth and calculated values (mean: -0.9 degrees; range: -6.0 degrees; 3.6 degrees), indicating a significant lack of accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Although so far not sufficiently accurate, the method yields information relevant for correction of distortion in intra-oral radiology.
Functional attachment of horse radish peroxidase to plasma-treated surfaces (2004)

Controlling the interaction of surfaces with macromolecules, such as proteins and antibodies, is the key to producing biocompatible prosthetic devices, biosensors and diagnostic arrays. The development of technologies to control these interactions will result in the early detection of disease and have the potential to dramatically reduce costs associated with clinical treatment. For example, tethering functional anti-bodies to a surface in a patterned array allows the selection of specific proteins from a microlitre serum sample, immediately identifying diseases, well before the symptoms are manifested. Unfortunately, simple physical absorption of proteins onto most surfaces results in changes in their structure and loss of function. The use of ions from plasmas allows flexibility in surface modification by accessing a variety of ion energies and activated chemical species. In this paper we describe plasma based techniques which are being developed to modify the chemistry and morphology of surfaces in order to optimise their interaction with biomolecules. Early results of plasma processes to activate surfaces for non specific attachment of proteins by hydrophilic /hydrophobic interactions are presented, with particular attention to the time stability of such treatments, which is of special interest.
Intramolecular Aromatic C−H Bond Activation by a Silylene Ligand in a Methoxy-Bridged Bis(silylene)−Ruthenium Complex (1997)

When a solution of Cp(Ph3P)Ru{SiMe2···O(Me)···SiMe2} (1; Cp = η5-C5H5) and a two-electron-donating ligand L was heated at 130 °C, a CH bond of a phenyl group was activated by the RuSi double bond, and the complexes CpLRuSiMe2(o-C6H4PPh2) (2a, L = PPh3; 2b, L = PMe3; 2c, L = PEt3; 2d, L = P(OMe)3; 2e, L = tBuNC) were obtained. Heating 1 in the absence of a ligand at 130 °C gave CpRuSiMe2(o-C6H4PPh2)(H)(SiMe2OMe) (3).
Design of an ATM shaping multiplexer with guaranteed output burstiness (1997)

In order to utilize network resources effectively while providing satisfactory quality of service (QoS) to all users on the ATM network, it is necessary to control users&apos; traffic at the network edges. ATM traffic may be controlled at the User-Network Interface (UNI) and Inter-Network Interface (INI) based on the traffic contracts. We propose an ATM shaping multiplexer along with its implementation architecture for all ATM traffic connections multiplexed in an output stream. These connections are to be strictly regulated by the so-called Generic Cell Rate Algorithm (GCRA). When ATM streams conforming to the GCRA are multiplexed together, contention can disturb the streams such that they are no longer in conformance. Thus, a departure event driven traffic shaping (DEDTS) algorithm is adopted to shape the cell streams in such a way that the outgoing ATM stream of each individual connection conforms to the ATM traffic descriptors, Peak Cell Rate (PCR), Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR...
Biosynthesis of Violacein: a Novel Rearrangement in Tryptophan Metabolism with a 1,2-Shift of the Indole Ring (1987)

Journal Article Biosynthesis of Violacein: a Novel Rearrangement in Tryptophan Metabolism with a 1,2-Shift of the Indole Ring Get access Tsutomu Hoshino, Tsutomu Hoshino Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ikarashi, Niigata 950–21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tadao Kondo, Tadao Kondo Chemical Instrument Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takeo Uchiyama, Takeo Uchiyama Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ikarashi, Niigata 950–21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nagahiro Ogasawara Nagahiro Ogasawara Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ikarashi, Niigata 950–21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 3, 1 March 1987, Pages 965, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868084 Published: 01 March 1987 Article history Received: 08 December 1986 Published: 01 March 1987