gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Programming of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Using Magnetic Bead-Immobilized Plasmids (2012)

The use of magnetic bead-immobilized DNA as movable template for cell-free protein synthesis has been investigated. Magnetic microbeads containing chemically conjugated plasmids were used to direct cell-free protein synthesis, so that protein generation could be readily programmed, reset and reprogrammed. Protein synthesis by using this approach could be ON/OFF-controlled through repeated addition and removal of the microbead-conjugated DNA and employed in sequential expression of different genes in a same reaction mixture. Since the incubation periods of individual template plasmids are freely controllable, relative expression levels of multiple proteins can be tuned to desired levels. We expect that the presented results will find wide application to the flexible design and execution of synthetic pathways in cell-free chassis.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump in pig coronary artery smooth muscle is regulated by a novel pathway (1996)

Coronary artery smooth muscle expresses an alternative splice (SERCA2b) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ pump gene SERCA2, which is also expressed in cardiac muscle (SERCA2a), but how the activity of this transporter is regulated in the coronary artery is not known. SERCA2a in the cardiac muscle can be regulated via phospholamban or, as recently reported, by a direct phosphorylation of this protein by calmodulin kinase (Xu, A., C. Hawkins, and N. Narayanan. J.Biol. Chem. 268:8394-8397, 1993). Because both SERCA2a and SERCA2b contain this calmodulin kinase phosphorylation site, we examined the effect of endogenous calmodulin kinase phosphorylation of the SR Ca2+ pump in the coronary artery. SR-enriched membranes were isolated from coronary artery smooth muscle and washed in ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to remove bound calmodulin. When these membranes were incubated with MgATP2- in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin, a 115-kDa protein was phosphorylated. This phosphorylated 115-kDa protein was identified as SERCA2b in Western blots and by immunoprecipitation using a SERCA2-selective antibody. Preincubating the membranes in MgATP2- in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin stimulated the subsequent Ca2+ uptake in the presence of oxalate plus MgATP2- and azide. The stimulation of Ca2+ uptake was inhibited by including the SR Ca2+ pump inhibitors thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid in the Ca2+ uptake medium or by including the calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide or the calmodulin kinase II peptide fragment 290-309 in the phosphorylation solution. Thus an endogenous calmodulin-dependent kinase phosphorylated SERCA2b and activated it. Phospholamban could not be detected in these membranes in Western blots. Therefore, the regulation of the SR Ca2+ pump activity in coronary artery smooth muscle may involve a direct phosphorylation of the pump protein by an endogenous calmodulin-dependent kinase.
8-Aza-7-deazapurine DNA: Synthesis and Duplex Stability of Oligonucleotides Containing 7-Substituted Bases (1999)

Abstract The 7-substituted 8-aza-7-deazapurine phosphoramidites 1a – 3c as well as the phosphoramidite 4a were synthesized. In comparison to the parent purine oligonucleotide duplexes, the 7-substituted 8-aza-7-deazapurine residues lead to a significant duplex stabilization.
Interaction of Ash/Grb-2 via its SH3 domains with neuron-specific p150 and p65 (1996)

We found that 180 kDa, 150 kDa (p150), 110 kDa, 100 kDa and 65 kDa (p65) proteins comprise the major Ash/Grb-2-binding proteins in bovine brain. Among these proteins, 180 kDa and 100 kDa proteins have already been identified as Sos and dynamin respectively. Here, p150 and p65 were affinity-purified with glutathione S-transferase-Ash fusion protein and their partial amino acid sequences were determined. Analysis showed p150 and p65 to be new proteins. These two proteins bind to both the N-terminal SH3 domain and the C-terminal SH3 domain of Ash. It was found that p150 and p65 are expressed predominantly in brain, although Ash is widely distributed in all tissues examined by Western blots. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain showed p150 and p65 to be localized in a variety of neurons in the cerebellum and hippocampus, with p65 being especially concentrated in the nerve terminal. When the Ash-binding-motif peptide of the epidermal growth factor receptor was used to detect complexes formed with Ash in vivo, 180 kDa, 150 kDa, 110 kDa, 100 kDa and 65 kDa proteins were also bound; this shows that these proteins form complexes with Ash in brain. In addition, p150 and p65 co-immunoprecipitated with Ash. All these results suggest that Ash may function as a regulator of synaptic vesicle transport through dynamin, p150 and p65.
Activity of Di-β-Lysyl-Capreomycin IIA and Palmitoyl Tuberactinamine N Against Drug-Resistant Mutants with Altered Ribosomes (1981)

The effects of 61 synthetic tuberactinomycin derivatives on polypeptide synthesis were tested in bacterial cell-free systems. Di-beta-lys-capreomycin IIA was more effective than the natural product. Palmitoyl tuberactinamine N inhibited the growth of tuberactinomycin-resistant mutants and was not a ribosome inhibitor.
Long-Term Functional Assessment of Encapsulated Cells Transfected with Tet-On System (1999)

In our previous study, xenogeneic mouse neuroblastoma cells bearing the POMC gene, the precursor of ACTH and beta-endorphin, were implanted within polymer capsules into the CSF space of rats. Although ACTH and beta-endorphin were secreted, we were not able to control the amounts or times of hormone release. A promoter that is inducible by administration of tetracycline derivatives (Tet) was linked to the POMC gene to control its gene expression (Neuro2A-Tet-On-POMC; NTP). The results showed that POMC gene expression in the implanted encapsulated NTP cells could be regulated in a dose-dependent manner by Tet administration to the hosts. However, no analysis of gene control with the Tet-On system over a long period has been performed. In this study, encapsulated NTP cells were treated in vitro with doxycycline (Dox) (1.0, 10, 100, 1000 ng/ml) continuously for a month. On day 4, the amount of ACTH secretion was dependent on the Dox dose. But in the course of the experiment, the difference of ACTH secretion among those treated with Dox 10, 100, and 1000 ng/ml was eliminated. On the other hand, NTP cells, which were treated with Dox (1000 ng/ml) just on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, secreted almost the same amount of ACTH in 24 h. From these results, for clinical use, an NTP cell line that secretes enough opiate to reduce pain sensitivity without Dox should be established, and Dox could then be administered if necessary.
Fan-beam steering device using a photonic crystal slow-light waveguide with surface diffraction grating (2017)

Compact non-mechanical beam steering devices are desired not only for current common applications, but also for advanced applications such as light detection and ranging. We use a Si photonic crystal slow-light waveguide with a diffraction grating, which radiates the guided mode to free space and steers a fan beam by sweeping the wavelength. Due to its large angular dispersion, slow light enhances the steering range without degrading the beam quality, resulting in more resolution points. We fabricated 600 μm devices and observed a 23° steering range and a beam divergence of 0.23°, which resulted in 100 resolution points.
Performance of 3D capacitors integrated on silicon for DC-DC converter applications (2007)

The integration of passive components on silicon for future DC-DC converters applications is still a challenging area of research. This paper focuses on integrated 3D capacitors with high capacitance density fabricated with microfabrication techniques on silicon and in particular DRIE. The fabricated prototypes were characterised: a capacitance density between 29 and 46 nF/mm<sup>2</sup> was demonstrated up to 800 kHz. An improvement is presented on the equivalent series resistance (ESR), which impedes currently on the component utilisation at higher frequencies.
Image Watermarking Based HVS Characteristic of Wavelet Transform (2006)

In a digital TV system, the Conditional Access (CA) system is essential to protect programs from unauthorized access. However, the encryption technique alone is not sufficient to protect or control the use of contents after decryption. To provide flexible and complete Digital Rights Management (DRM) protection on the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) programs, we propose a method that adapts the MPEG- 21 REL technology and integrates it into a DVB-T system. By extending the Service Information (SI) section of a DVB stream to include an REL license, the transmitted content can be conveniently consumed and legally protected. Our design is verified by an experimental hardware system. The results show that the proposed method can provide both the conditional access functionality and the usage control of broadcasted contents.
Regulation of phenotypic heterogeneity permits <i>Salmonella</i> evasion of the host caspase-1 inflammatory response (2011)

Sensing and adapting to the environment is one strategy by which bacteria attempt to maximize fitness in an unpredictable world; another is the stochastic generation of phenotypically distinct subgroups within a genetically clonal population. In culture, Salmonella Typhimurium populations are bistable for the expression of flagellin. We report that YdiV controls this expression pattern by preventing transcription of the sigma factor that recruits RNA polymerase to the flagellin promoter. Bistability ensues when the sigma factor is repressed in a subpopulation of cells, resulting in two phenotypes: flagellin expressors and flagellin nonexpressors. Although the ability to swim is presumably a critical survival trait, flagellin activates eukaryotic defense pathways, and Salmonella restrict the production of flagellin during systemic infection. Salmonella mutants lacking YdiV are unable to fully repress flagellin at systemic sites, rendering them vulnerable to caspase-1 mediated colonization restriction. Thus, a regulatory mechanism producing bistability also impacts Salmonella virulence.
Hall effect in high-purity and <i>p</i>-doped germanium crystals (1974)

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the Hall effect were carried out in high-purity (1010-cm−3 carrier concentration) germanium crystals. Optical phonon scattering, which was not included in the previous work on the calculation of the Hall coefficient factor θ̂, is included in the present calculation. Extensive numerical calculations were performed for θ̂ vs 1/T for both the spherical-band model and the anisotropic model of Beer and Willardson. Measurements and calculations of the Hall coefficient vs 1/T are in excellent agreement.
Marginal Increase in Cost and Excess Length of Stay Associated With Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in Surviving Very Low Birth Weight Infants (2004)

NBIs are associated with increased hospital treatment costs and LOS but by varying amounts depending on the BW. Preventing a single NBI could reduce the treatment costs of a VLBW infant by at least several thousand dollars. These savings are a greater percentage of the total treatment costs in VLBW infants with BW 1001 to 1500 g than in smaller infants.
The potential of dopamine agonists in drug addiction (2002)

The use of dopamine agonists in alcohol, stimulant and nicotine dependence has been examined. The direct agonists, such as bromocriptine and pergolide, have not shown utility in alcohol or cocaine abuse and dependence in larger controlled trials. Indirect agents, such as selegiline, may be helpful in cocaine or nicotine abuse and larger clinical trials are underway. Disulfiram may also raise dopamine levels and has shown promise for cocaine dependence. Other indirect agents, such as mazindol and methylphenidate, have not proven effective for cocaine addiction but have not been tested in alcohol or nicotine abuse. Agents for subtypes of dopamine receptors, such as D3, and the use of partial agonists may be useful future treatment approaches. Animal studies also suggest that tailoring treatment to subgroups of patients based on genotype may improve responses.
Survivor: An enhanced controller placement strategy for improving SDN survivability (2014)

In SDN, forwarding devices can only operate correctly while connected to a logically centralized controller. To avoid single-point-of-failure, controller architectures are usually implemented as distributed systems. In this context, recent literature identified fundamental issues, such as device isolation and controller overload, and proposed controller placement strategies to tackle them. However, current proposals have crucial limitations: (i) device-controller connectivity is modeled using single paths, yet in practice multiple concurrent connections may occur; (ii) peaks in the arrival of new flows are only handled on-demand, assuming that the network itself can sustain high request rates; and (iii) failover mechanisms require predefined information, which, in turn, has been overlooked. This paper proposes Survivor, a controller placement strategy that addresses these challenges. The strategy explicitly considers path diversity, capacity, and failover mechanisms at network design. Comparisons to the state-of-the-art on survivable controller placement show that Survivor is superior because (a) path diversity increases the survivability significantly; and (b) capacity-awareness is essential to handle overload during both normal and failover states.
1-(Aryl)-6-[alkoxyalkyl]-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes and 6-(Aryl)-6-[alkoxyalkyl]-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes: A New Series of Potent and Selective Triple Reuptake Inhibitors (2010)

The discovery of new highly potent and selective triple reuptake inhibitors is reported. The new classes of 1-(aryl)-6-[alkoxyalkyl]-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes and 6-(aryl)-6-[alkoxyalkyl]-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes are described together with detailed SAR. Appropriate decoration of the scaffolds was achieved with the help of a triple reuptake inhibitor pharmacophore model detailed here. Selected derivatives showed good oral bioavailability (>30%) and brain penetration (B/B > 4) in rats associated with high in vitro potency and selectivity at SERT, NET, and DAT. Among these compounds, microdialysis and in vivo experiments confirm that derivative 15 has an appropriate developability profile to be considered for further progression.
Co-expression of two gene products in the CNS using double-cassette defective herpes simplex virus vectors (1996)

Defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors are an efficient means to deliver genes to cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Such vectors containing two independent transcription units would be extremely valuable for many studies, including the comparative analysis of promoter function and expression of multiple gene products in the CNS. We have constructed a 'double-cassette' vector expressing two easily detectable marker enzymes, beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP). Cells infected in vitro, including neurons and glia, and in vivo expressed both gene products.
Highlights from the 24th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (2017)

From the 13th to 16th February 2017, researchers from around the world convened for the 24th annual <i>Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections</i> (CROI) at the Washington State Convention Center in Seattle, Washington. The conference was organised by the International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA) in partnership with the CROI Foundation. The conference included over 1000 oral and poster presentations of peer-reviewed original research as well as lectures and symposia featuring insights from leading basic, translational and clinical researchers. Highlighted here are key data presented at the conference.
Electroactive Polymer Actuator Based on PVDF and Graphene through Electrospinning (2015)

We report a novel high-performance electroactive polymer actuator based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (i.e., PVDF) and graphene. The PVDF-graphene composite membranes were fabricated through electrospinning method. The electrospun composite membrane has a three-dimensional network structure, high porosity, and large ionic liquid solution uptake which are a prerequisite for high performance dry-type electroactive soft actuators. The conductive poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layers were deposited on the surfaces of the composite membrane through dipping-drying method. The electroactive PVDF-graphene actuators under both harmonic and step electrical inputs show larger bending deformation and faster response time than the pure PVDF actuator. X-ray diffusion (XRD) and ionic conductivity testing results for the PVDF-graphene membrane were compared with those of pristine PVDF. Most important, the PVDF-graphene actuator shows much larger bending deformation under low input voltage, and this could be due to the synergistic effects of the higher ionic conductivity of PVDF-graphene membrane and the electrochemical doping processes of the PEDOT:PSS electrode layers.
Tumor Markers: Biology and Clinical Applications (1987)

List of Contributors Preface Introduction by N. Javadpour Principles and Application: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) by A. Hollinshead and C. McWright Immunocytochemistry: Principles and Clinical Applications by N. Javadpour Enzymes as Markers in Detection and Management of Cancer by T. Chu Agglutination Tests in Detecting Cell Surface Antigens by N. Javadpour Steroid Hormone Receptors as Tumor Markers by N. Bashirelahi et al. Carbohydrate Antigens Associated with Gastrointestinal (GI) Tumors by M. Blaszczyk, Z. Steplewski and H. Koprowski Flow Cytometry in Search for Cancer Markers by J. Ordonez Chromosomal Markers in Cancer by A. Sandberg Radioimmunodetection of Cancer and Potential for Therapy by F. DeLand and D. Goldberg Ectopic Hormones in Cancer by N. Javadpour Cell Markers in Leukemias and Lymphomas by I. Magrath The Use of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes as Cancer Markers by N. Papadopoulos Cancers with Clinically Useful Markers by N. Javadpour The Current Status of Studies on Human Tumor Nucleolar Antigens by H. Busch Future Perspectives in Laboratory and Clinical Research Searching for Newer Markers by N. Javadpour
Clusters as Ligands – Large Assemblies of Transition Metal Clusters (1998)

A strategy of using functionalized clusters as ligands for cationic metal centers facilitates the construction of designed transition metal cluster assemblies. Examples of cluster metal carboxylates with conventional as well as novel structures are given and an application of these large molecular species to the generation of heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts with unusual activities and selectivities is described.
Detection of a micron-sized magnetic sphere using a ring-shaped anisotropic magnetoresistance-based sensor: A model for a magnetoresistance-based biosensor (2002)

We have fabricated micron-sized NiFe ring-shaped sensors that show localized detection of the radial component of the dipolar fringing field from a single, partially magnetized, micron-sized NiFe sphere. Specifically, the anisotropic magnetoresistance response to this fringing field is strongly peaked when the sphere is directly above the center of the ring and rapidly decreases to zero when the sphere is outside the ring. Such a device is a model system for a proposed biosensor array architecture that could operate similarly to high-density random access computer memory.
Leptin Decreases Food Intake Induced by Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH), Galanin (GAL) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the Rat (1998)

Recent evidence suggests that leptin reduces food intake (FI) by acting at the hypothalamic level. Leptin decreases hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and galanin (GAL) gene expression in rats. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that leptin decreases FI by additionally modulating the action of NPY, MCH or GAL in the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NPY, MCH or GAL induced FI in satiated rats. A prior i.c.v. injection of leptin (4 microg) completely prevented the increase of FI either by MCH, GAL or NPY. These results suggest that modulation of post-synaptic actions of MCH, GAL and NPY is one of the mechanisms of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus.
Gelatinized Copper–Capillary Alginate Gel Functions as an Injectable Tissue Scaffolding System for Stem Cell Transplants (2011)

In severe hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, cellular components such as neurons and astrocytes are injured or destroyed along with the supporting extracellular matrix. This presents a challenge to the field of regenerative medicine since the lack of extracellular matrix and supporting structures makes the transplant milieu inhospitable to the transplanted cells. A potential solution to this problem is the use of a biomaterial to provide the extracellular components needed to keep cells localized in cystic brain regions, allowing the cells to form connections and repair lost brain tissue. Ideally, this biomaterial would be combined with stem cells, which have been proven to have therapeutic potentials, and could be delivered via an injection. To study this approach, we derived a hydrogel biomaterial tissue scaffold from oligomeric gelatin and copper-capillary alginate gel (GCCAG). We then demonstrated that our multipotent astrocytic stem cells (MASCs) could be maintained in GCCAG scaffolds for up to 2 weeks in vitro and that the cells retained their multipotency. We next performed a pilot transplant study in which GCCAG was mixed with MASCs and injected into the brain of a neonatal rat pup. After a week in vivo, our results showed that: the GCCAG biomaterial did not cause a significant reactive gliosis; viable cells were retained within the injected scaffolds; and some delivered cells migrated into the surrounding brain tissue. Therefore, GCCAG tissue scaffolds are a promising, novel injectable system for transplantation of stem cells to the brain.
New developments in the management and treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients (2013)

Incorporation of these new novel agents in frontline therapies will lead to more effective and less toxic combination therapies. Furthermore, new diagnostic techniques such as gene-expression profiling and next-generation sequencing will hopefully result in more personalized treatments for molecularly-defined subgroups.