gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal lipids and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: is there a problem and what should we do about it? (1999)

Recent research has shown abnormal lipids in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection hypocholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and also low high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol have all been described. In addition, increased dense low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and also lipoprotein (a) have been observed in some patients. The use of the protease inhibitors has been associated with diabetes mellitus and also features of insulin resistance. This article looks at these lipid abnormalities in detail and discusses possible therapeutic options that may be available, in order to address them.
cis -Jasmone as allelopathic agent in inducing plant defence (2007)

The study of plant/insect interactions, particularly in multitrophic systems, it is possible to identify the insect semiochemicals that may induce defence responses in plants. From such work, cis-jasmone was identified as having highly specific and persistent effects in regulating the expression of genes associated with plant defence. The molecular genetic mechanisms involved are being investigated in Arabiclopsis thaliana by microan-ay analyses, the use of knockout lines and by functional gene expression studies in A. thallana and other systems. In cereals, there are major varietal differences in the level of defence induced by cis¬-jasmone. With some elite cultivars, long term protection against aphids has been established in the field. Chemical studies and investigations with insects using electrophysiological and behavioural assays have shown that 6-methy1-5-hepten-2-one, the production of which is induced by cis-jasmone, is highly active in reducing aphid colonisation and increasing foraging by parasitoids. Differential induction between cultivars may provide a useful means to elucidate the associated genetics. In both wheat and barley, there is additionally an induction with cis-jasmone of antibiotic effects against aphids. In wheat, this appears to be due to enhanced production of hydroxamic acids. For these secondary metabolites, the associated genes are known and RT-PCR is used to determine the induction of expression. MS", after derivatisation and chromatography, provides analytical tool to estimate these and unknown antibiotic agents in barley.
A comprehensive approach for managing inter-model inconsistencies in automated production systems engineering (2016)

The systematic management of the various models in automated production systems engineering is a major challenge as, due to the multi-disciplinary nature, different stakeholders provide their potentially heterogeneous but partially overlapping descriptions of the system. This leads to the need of ensuring inter-model consistency by managing occurring inconsistencies. In previous work, existing approaches have been surveyed; however, none is providing a comprehensive approach for dealing with inconsistencies in multi-disciplinary systems engineering. Therefore, we propose in this paper a comprehensive but at the same time light-weight approach for specifying and managing inter-model consistency. In particular, inter-model consistency is explicitly modelled and, hence, allows to detect, represent, and manage inconsistencies. Concerning the latter, we provide an interactive and collaborative approach to automate the consistency maintenance during model evolution, which is especially needed in multi-disciplinary projects.
Cytotoxic gold compounds: synthesis, biological characterization and investigation of their inhibition properties of the zinc finger protein PARP-1 (2012)

The new gold(III) complexes: [Au{2-(2'-pyridyl)imidazolate}Cl(2)] and [Au{2,6-bis(2'-benzimidazolate)pyridine}(OCOCH(3))] and the mono- and binuclear gold(I) complexes: [Au{2-(2'-pyridyl)imidazole}(PPh(3))](PF(6)), [Au(2-phenylimidazolate)(DAPTA)] (DAPTA = 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane), [(PPh(3)Au)(2)(2-R-imidazolate)](PF(6)) (R = 2-C(5)H(4)N, Ph) have been synthesized and characterized. The structure of the [(PPh(3)Au)(2){2-(2'-pyridyl)imidazolate)](PF(6)) complex was also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The antiproliferative properties of the complexes were assayed against human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, either sensitive (A2780) or resistant to cisplatin (A2780cisR), human mammary carcinoma cells (MCF7) and non-tumorigenic human kidney (HEK293) cells. Most of the studied compounds showed important cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, the compounds containing the 2-(2'-pyridyl)imidazolate ligand showed selectivity towards cancer cells with respect to the non-tumorigenic ones, with the dinuclear compound [(PPh(3)Au)(2){2-(2'-pyridyl)imidazolate)](PF(6)) being the most active. Some compounds were also screened for their inhibitory effect of the zinc-finger protein PARP-1, essential for DNA repair and relevant to the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance to cisplatin. Interaction studies of the compounds with the model protein ubiquitin were undertaken by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). The results are discussed in relation to the putative mechanisms of action of the cytotoxic gold compounds.
A Pneumatic Robot for Re-Training Arm Movement after Stroke: Rationale and Mechanical Design (2005)

This paper describes the development of a pneumatic robot for functional movement training of the arm and hand after stroke. The device is based on the Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (WREX), a passive, mobile arm support developed for children with arm weakness caused by a debilitative condition. Previously, we scaled WREX for use by adults, instrumented it with potentiometers, and incorporated a simple grip strength sensor. The resulting passive device (Training WREX or "T-WREX") allows individuals with severe motor impairment to practice functional movements (reaching, eating, and washing) in a simple virtual reality environment called Java Therapy 2.0. However, the device is limited since it can only apply a fixed pattern of assistive forces to the arm. In addition, its gravity balance function does not restore full range of motion. Therefore, we are also developing a robotic version of WREX named Pneu-WREX, which can apply a wide range of forces to the arm during naturalistic movements. Pneu-WREX uses pneumatic actuators, non-linear force control, and passive counter-balancing to allow application of a wide range of forces during naturalistic upper extremity movements. Besides a detailed description of the mechanical design and kinematics of Pneu-WREX, we present results from a survey of 29 therapists on the use of such a robotic device.
PREOCUPA A LA UNAM LA FORMACION EDUCATIVA DE SUS TRABAJADORES (1988)

DURANTE LA CEREMONIA DE ENTREGA DE CONSTANCIAS DE ALFABETIZACION A 138 EMPLEADOS QUE CULMINARON SUS ESTUDIOS PRIMARIOS Y SECUNDARIOS, DENTRO DEL PROGRAMA UNIVERSITARIO DE EDUCACION PARA ADULTOS, EL LICENCIADO LUIS RAUL GONZALEZ PEREZ, SECRETARIO GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVO DE LA UNAM, MENCIONO QUE ACTUALMENTE SE LLEVA A CABO LA REVISION DE CONDICIONES GENERALES DE TRABAJO.
Automatic Anonymization of Textual Documents: Detecting Sensitive Information via Word Embeddings (2019)

Data sharing is key in a wide range of activities but raises serious privacy concerns when the data contain personal information. Anonymization mechanisms provide ways to transform the data so that identities and/or sensitive data are not disclosed (i.e., data are no longer personal). Even though a variety of methods have been proposed for structured data, automatic anonymization of unstructured text it still far from being solved. Textual data anonymization consists of detecting sensitive pieces of text, which are later removed and/or generalized. The detection process is especially challenging and it is usually based on classifiers pre-trained on large quantities of manually tagged data, which are able to detect a fixed set of (sensitive) entities such as names or locations. However, this approach is severely limited because sensitive information may appear in text in many forms and not all the appearances of a certain entity type may disclose information on the individual to be protected. In this work we propose a more general solution to text anonymization based on the notion of word embedding. The idea is to represent all the entities appearing in the document as word vectors that capture their semantic relationships. Then a particular entity (e.g. an individual or an organization) can automatically be protected by removing the other entities co-occurring in the document whose vectors are similar to the particular entity's vector. Furthermore, our method does not require manually tagged training data and is language-agnostic. We empirically evaluated our proposal on a collection of biographies. Our results show a significant improvement of the detection recall in comparison with classical approaches to text anonymization based on named entity recognition.
A 2.4GHz sub-harmonically injection-locked PLL with self-calibrated injection timing (2012)

A low-phase-noise integer-N phase-locked loop (PLL) is attractive in many applications, such as clock generation and analog-to-digital conversion. The sub-harmonically injection-locked technique, sub-sampling technique, and the multiplying delay-locked loop (MDLL) can significantly improve the phase noise of an integer-N PLL. In the sub-harmonically injection-locked technique, to inject a low-frequency reference clock into a high-frequency voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), the injection timing should be tightly controlled. If the injection timing varies due to process variation, it may cause a large reference spur or even cause the PLL to fails to lock. A sub-harmonically injection-locked PLL (SILPLL) adopts a sub-sampling phase-detector (PD) to automatically align the phase between the injection pulse and a VCO. However, a sub-sampling PD has a small capture range and a low bandwidth. The high-frequency non-linear effects of a sub-sampling PD may degrade the accuracy and limit the maximum speed of a VCO. In addition, a frequency-locked loop is needed for a sub-sampling PD. A delay line is manually adjusted to achieve the correct injection timing. However, the delay line is sensitive to process variations. Thus, the injection timing should be calibrated.
The Renaturable 69- and 63-kDa Protein Kinases That Undergo Rapid Activation in Chemoattractant-stimulated Guinea Pig Neutrophils Are p21-Activated Kinases (1996)

Neutrophils stimulated with the chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) are known to exhibit rapid activation of four protein kinases with molecular masses of approximately 69, approximately 63, approximately 49, and approximately 40-kDa. Activation of these kinases is blocked by antagonists of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and type 1 and/or type 2A protein phosphatases. These enzymes can be detected by their ability to undergo renaturation and catalyze the phosphorylation of a peptide substrate that corresponds to amino acid residues 297-331 of the 47-kDa subunit of the NADPH-oxidase complex fixed within a gel. In this report, we demonstrate that an antibody generated to a fusion protein containing amino acid residues 175-306 of p21-activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1) reacts with three proteins in guinea pig neutrophils with molecular masses in the 60-70-kDa range during Western blotting. This antibody immunoprecipitates both the 69- and 63-kDa renaturable kinases from lysates of stimulated cells along with a minor 60-kDa kinase. No activities were observed for any of these enzymes in immunoprecipitates from unstimulated neutrophils. However, addition of ATP and activated Rac 1 or Cdc42 to immunoprecipitates from unstimulated cells resulted in the stimulation of two renaturable kinases with molecular masses in the 69- and 63-kDa range. These immunoprecipitates also contained two novel protein kinases with masses of approximately49 and 40 kDa that were selectively activated by Cdc42. In contrast, the 69- and 63-kDa kinases were not immunoprecipitated from lysates of stimulated neutrophils with an antibody to Pak2 or with nonimmune serum. These data indicate that the renaturable 69- and 63-kDa kinases are Paks and reveal some of the upstream events that are necessary for the rapid activation of this family of protein kinases in neutrophils.
The Anti-apoptotic Effect of Notch-1 Requires p56 -dependent, Akt/PKB-mediated Signaling in T Cells (2004)

The Notch family of transmembrane receptors have been implicated in a variety of cellular decisions in different cell types. Here we investigate the mechanism underlying Notch-1-mediated anti-apoptotic function in T cells using model cell lines as the experimental system. Ectopic expression of the intracellular domain of Notch-1/activated Notch (AcN1) increases expression of anti-apoptotic proteins of the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family, the Bcl-2 family, and the FLICE-like inhibitor protein (FLIP) and inhibits death triggered by multiple stimuli that activate intrinsic or extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in human and murine T cell lines. Numb inhibited the AcN1-dependent induction of anti-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic function. Using pharmacological inhibitors and dominant-negative approaches, we describe a functional role for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent activation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt/PKB in the regulation of AcN1-mediated anti-apoptotic function and the expression of FLIP and IAP family proteins. Using a cell line deficient for the T cell-specific, Src family protein, the tyrosine kinase p56(lck) and by reconstitution approaches we demonstrate that p56(lck) is required for the Notch-1-mediated activation of Akt/PKB function. Furthermore, the Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PP2, abrogated ectopically expressed AcN1-mediated anti-apoptotic function and phosphorylation of p56(lck). We present evidence that endogenous Notch-1 associates with p56(lck) and PI3K but that Akt/PKB does not co-immunoprecipitate with the Notch1.p56(lck).PI3K complex. Finally, we demonstrate that the Notch1.p56(lck).PI3K complex is present in primary T cells that have been activated in vitro and sustained in culture with the cytokine interleukin-2.
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR H2S REMOVAL FROM GAS STREAMS THE SHELL-PAQUES/THIOPAQ™ GAS DESULFURIZATION PROCESS (2003)

1 EnCana Resources, P.O. Box 2850, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 2S5, E-mail: cameron.cline@encana.com 2 Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: Alie.C.Hoksberg@opc.shell.com 3 New Paradigm Gas Processing Ltd., 145, 1209 59th Ave. S.E., Calgary, AB, Canada, E-mail: abry@npgas.net 4 Paques B.V., P.O. Box 52, 8560 AB Balk, The Netherlands. E-mail: A.Janssen@paques.nl
Chemical actinometry (IUPAC Technical Report) (2004)

This document updates the first version of the IUPAC technical report on “Chemical actinometers” published in Pure Appl. Chem . 61 ,187-210 (1989). Since then, some methods have been improved, procedures have been modified, and new substances have been proposed as chemical actinometers. An actinometer is a chemical system or a physical device by which the number of photons in a beam absorbed into the defined space of a chemical reactor can be determined integrally or per time. This compilation includes chemical actinometers for the gas, solid, microheterogeneous, and liquid phases, as well as for the use with pulsed lasers for the measurement of transient absorbances, including the quantum yield of phototransformation, as well as the literature for each of the actinometers. The actinometers listed are for the use in the wavelength range from the UV to the red region of the spectrum. A set of recommended standard procedures is also given. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed regarding the use of chemical actinometers vs. electronic devices for the measurement of the number of photons absorbed. Procedures for the absolute measurement of incident photon flux by means of photodiodes are also discussed.
Activation of cJUN N-Terminal Kinase by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Enhances Viral Replication (1999)

Signal transduction pathways convey signals generated at the cell surface into the cell nucleus in order to initiate a program of gene expression that is characteristic for particular stimuli. Here we present evidence that infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 activated the two terminal kinases, cJUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, of stress-activated signal transduction kinase cascades. By using a solid-phase kinase assay, a phospho-specific antibody, and extracts prepared from a variety of infected cell types, we determined that activation of both kinases began 3 to 4 h postinfection (p.i.) and remained elevated out to 14 h p.i. Through the use of UV-irradiated or antibody-neutralized wild-type virus and the temperature-sensitive mutant tsB7, the high level of JNK activation was shown to be dependent on viral gene expression. Activation of JNK following infection by vi13, an ICP4 mutant virus that does not express early or late genes, suggested that only virus entry and immediate-early gene expression were necessary for JNK activation. The activation of JNK and p38 correlated with increased chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in reporter assays dependent upon the activity of cJUN and ATF2 trans-activation domains. Increased CAT activity dependent on TRE and CRE promoter sites was also observed in response to herpes simplex virus infection. The activities of ERK and ERK-dependent transcription factors were unchanged or depressed following infection, showing that activation of JNK and p38 was a specific event. Finally, the activation of JNK was important for the efficiency of viral replication. The yield of virus in NIH 3T3 cells stably expressing JIP-1, an inhibitor of JNK translocation to the nucleus, was reduced 70% compared to that of control cells, in single-step growth experiments.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a New Class of Strong Chiral Brønsted Acids: 1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2,2′‐bis(sulfuryl)imides (JINGLEs) (2010)

Abstract We herein present the first synthesis of 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐bis(sulfuryl)imides (JINGLEs). This new class of chiral Brønsted acids was synthesized in one step from the corresponding BINOLs and imidobis(sulfuryl chloride). A total of six enantiopure 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐bis(sulfuryl)imides, carrying different 3,3′‐substituents, were synthesized and characterized, inter alia, by X‐ray crystallography.
Pyrolysis of Printed Circuit Boards (2013)

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is an essential component of almost all electrical and electronic equipments. The rapid growth of the use of such equipments has contributed enormously to the generation of large quantity of waste PCBs. The WPCBs not only contain valuable metals but also a large variety of hazardous materials. Conventional treatments of such WPCBs have their own limitations. By pyrolysis of WPCBs, it is not only possible to obtain the organic part of it as a fuel or useful chemical but can make further processing to recover metals much easier and efficient. In the present work, a kinetic study on the low temperature pyrolysis of WPCBs using a thermogravimetric analyser has been attempted. The TG analysis was conducted in nitrogen and air atmospheres in the temperature range of 200-600â at a heating rate of 40â/min. The kinetic expressions for both the environments were determined and the activation energies were found to be 110.7 and 90.2 kJ/mol for nitrogen and air, respectively. The effect of thermal pre-treatment on the subsequent copper leaching in nitric acid for untreated, pyrolysed and air-burned PCB was also studied. Copper recoveries from these samples were 30.4%, 92.5% and 96.2%, respectively indicating the importance of thermal pre-treatment in leaching of the metal content.
Comparisons of Cloud Point Measurement and Paraffin Prediction Methods (1999)

Summary The performance and costs of deepwater developments can be compromised if paraffin deposition occurs in a subsea production system. Given the desirability of accurate cloud point measurement and paraffin prediction methods, and the consensus that available capabilities did not satisfy normal design-level confi- dence, DeepStar undertook an evaluation process. The primary goal was to use field experience (1) to devise guidelines for obtaining and using measured cloud points, and (2) to "ground truth" the various paraffin thermodynamic and deposition models in use within the industry. Cloud point measurement studies showed that under preferred operating conditions, cloud points by each of four methods agreed with the average value of all methods within 3°F. The reproducibility for duplicate field samples run by the same method was about 5°F. When very slow cooling rates were not possible, an approximate supercooling correction in °F of 2 times the cooling rate in °F/min was determined. A five-component cloud point standard showed promise for method evaluation. A definite advantage was found to using more than one cloud point method for a given sample because wax-detection sensitivity was method- and crude-oil-dependent. There was good agreement between measured stock-tank oil (STO) cloud points and the highest temperature at which wax buildup was detected in the field. Results for 10 paraffin thermodynamic models indicated several available models provided useful cloud point forecasts. A representative fluid sample was required to obtain data input for these models, including quantitative n-paraffin analysis using high-temperature gas chromatography. Comparisons of cloud point results for STO versus live oil suggested that the hotter (more conservative) STO predictions and measurements more closely approximated the fifield paraffin deposition experience. Six paraffin deposition models correctly identified that wax would deposit and which wellbore had the higher buildup rate. However, predicted wax thicknesses and patterns of paraffin deposition varied widely, and could not be judged quantitatively using available field data. Overall, predicted maximum depths of paraffin deposition showed poor agreement with field observations. Good field data for evaluating cloud point measurement and paraffin prediction methods were difficult to obtain, and additional work to field-validate paraffin deposition know-how is warranted.
Boron Complexes with Chelating Anilido‐Imine Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Luminescent Properties (2007)

Abstract Three new boron complexes with anilido‐imine ligands, ortho ‐C 6 H 4 (NAr 1 )(CH=NAr 2 )BF 2 [Ar 1 = 2,6‐Et 2 C 6 H 3 , Ar 2 = p ‐MeC 6 H 4 ( 3a ); Ar 1 = 2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 , Ar 2 = p ‐MeC 6 H 4 ( 3b ); Ar 1 = 2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 , Ar 2 = 2,6‐Me 2 C 6 H 3 ( 3c )] were synthesized by the reaction of BF 3 (OEt 2 ) with the lithium salt of the corresponding ligands. All complexes were characterized by 1 H, 11 B, 13 C and 19 F NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of complexes 3a – 3c were determined by X‐ray crystallography. DSC analysis of 3a – 3c demonstrates their good thermal stability. Luminescent properties of the ligands and the complexes 3a – 3c in solution and the solid state were studied. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)