gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Intracellular Metabolism of 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine and 3′-Fluoro-3′-Deoxythymidine in Lymphocytes in the Presence of 5-Fluoro-2′-Deoxyuridine (1990)

The mechanism of action of 2′, 3′-dideoxythymidine analogues such as azidothymidine (AZT) and fluorothymidine (FLT) is thought to be chain termination and inhibition of reverse transcriptase by the triphosphate. However, little triphosphate is formed intracellularly relative to monophosphate and diphosphate. Azidothymidine and fluorothymidine are phosphorylated intracellularly by the thymidine salvage pathway and therefore must compete with thymine nucleotides for phosphorylation, which may limit the rate of phosphorylation. We have investigated the degree to which competition with thymidine limits the phosphorylation of azidothymidine and fluorothymidine. In this paper we show that inhibition of thymidylate synthase by 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine monophosphate increases the phosphorylation of azidothymidine and fluorothymidine by reducing the pools of thymine nucleotides and therefore removing the competition. 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine abolished the pools of TTP and dGTP and caused the appearance of dUTP in treated lymphocytes. Three times more triphosphate was formed in cells treated with 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine. Ten times more fluorothymidine triphosphate than azidothymidine triphosphate was formed. The results suggest that while competition with intracellular thymine nucleotides does hinder the phosphorylation of AZT and FLT, the major limiting factor is their ability to act as substrates for the phosphorylating enzymes.
Electro-hydraulic proportional pressure control system of hydraulic machine (2012)

This article is mainly talking about a molding hydraulic machine realized by telescopic cylinder under the control of constant pressure variable pump. In order to achieve a precise control of prospective pressure conditions, there is a need to determine the PID parameters by analyzing its pressure closed-loop simulation and performance, which based on the SISO Design Tool of MATLAB.
Nonribosomal biosynthesis of vancomycin-type antibiotics: a heptapeptide backbone and eight peptide synthetase modules The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the balhimycin biosynthetic gene sequence reported in this paper is Y16952. (2002)

During analysis of the recently identified gene cluster for the glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin, produced by Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM 5908, novel genes were identified and characterized in detail. The gene products of four of the identified genes (bpsA, bpsB, bpsC and bpsD) are nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); one (Orf1-protein) shows similarities to small proteins associated with several NRPSs without an assigned function. BpsA and BpsB are composed of three modules each (modules 1-6), BpsC of one module (module 7) and BpsD of a minimal module (module 8). Thus, the balhimycin gene cluster encodes eight modules, whereas its biosynthetic product is a heptapeptide. Non-producing mutants were created by a gene disruption of bpsB, an in-frame deletion of bpsC and a gene replacement of bpsD. After establishment of a gene complementation system for Amycolatopsis strains, the replacement mutant of bpsD was complemented, demonstrating for the first time that BpsD, encoding the eighth module, is indeed involved in balhimycin biosynthesis. After feeding with beta-hydroxytyrosine the capability of the bpsD mutant to produce balhimycin was restored, demonstrating the participation of BpsD in the biosynthesis of this amino acid. The specificity of four of the eight adenylation domains was determined by ATP/PP(i) exchange assays: modules 4 and 5 activated L-4-hydroxyphenylglycine, module 6 activated beta-hydroxytyrosine and module 7 activated L-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, which is in accordance with the sequence of the non-proteogenic amino acids 4 to 7 of the balhimycin backbone.
EFFECTS OF WETTING AGENTS AND CUT FLOWER FOOD ON THE VASE LIFE OF CUT ROSES. (1991)

ISHS Hortifroid, V International Symposium on Postharvest Physiology of Ornamental Plants; Importance of Cold in Ornamental Horticulture EFFECTS OF WETTING AGENTS AND CUT FLOWER FOOD ON THE VASE LIFE OF CUT ROSES.
On the harmonic index of cacti (2014)

A connected graph is a cactus if any two of its cycles have at most one common vertex. In this paper, we determine the graphs with minimum harmonic index among all cacti and all cacti with perfect matchings, respectively.
Pulmonary delivery of DNA vaccine constructs using deacylated PEI elicits immune responses and protects against viral challenge infection (2013)

Vaccination through mucosal surfaces has been shown to elicit antiviral immune responses against a number of mucosal pathogens. Here we demonstrate that both mucosal and systemic immune responses can be elicited against a model HIV-1 CN54gp140 antigen when cation-complexed plasmid DNA vaccines are applied topically to the murine pulmonary mucosa as an immune priming strategy. Furthermore, using an influenza challenge model we show that a plasmid DNA vaccine complexed to a less toxic form of PEI called dPEI (a nearly fully hydrolysed linear PEI with 11% additional free protonatable nitrogen atoms) can provide significant protection against a respiratory challenge infection in mice. Furthermore, we show that dPEI polyplexes have the potential to transfect not only mucosal epithelium, but also to enter deeper into tissues through the modulation of tight junction integrity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that less toxic forms of PEI can be effective delivery vehicles for plasmid DNAs to elicit cellular and humoral protective responses in vivo. Moreover, our observations suggest that these less toxic derivatives of PEI could be utilised for topical plasmid DNA vaccine delivery to human mucosal tissue surfaces, and that this application may permit dissemination of the immune responses through the linked mucosal network thus providing protective immunity at distal portals of pathogen entry.
Experiences with NIMI (2003)

NIMI (National Internet Measurement Infrastructure) is a software system for building network measurement infrastructures. Its design emphasizes: (i) large-scale infrastructures composed from diversely-administered hosts, rather than infrastructures controlled by a single entity, and (ii) facilitating diverse types of measurements by diverse parties, some of whom are allowed richer access to certain portions of the infrastructure than others. We discuss our experiences with developing and operating the infrastructure to date: problems we have encountered, both foreseen and unanticipated, mistakes we made, and how we have adapted the design to address these. We also explore two key issues for developing a large-scale, extensible infrastructure: the problem of securely updating software on the measurement platforms, and the problem of constraining the resources consumed by different measurements. We argue that both of these can be unified in terms of controlling the behavior of the measurement software. But we also argue that, due to the varying burdens and benefits of the different mechanisms for providing this control, NIMI will need to provide "gradations" of security for different sites to choose from as best fits their requirements and resources.
Rapid gene isolation in barley and wheat by mutant chromosome sequencing (2016)

Identification of causal mutations in barley and wheat is hampered by their large genomes and suppressed recombination. To overcome these obstacles, we have developed MutChromSeq, a complexity reduction approach based on flow sorting and sequencing of mutant chromosomes, to identify induced mutations by comparison to parental chromosomes. We apply MutChromSeq to six mutants each of the barley Eceriferum-q gene and the wheat Pm2 genes. This approach unambiguously identified single candidate genes that were verified by Sanger sequencing of additional mutants. MutChromSeq enables reference-free forward genetics in barley and wheat, thus opening up their pan-genomes to functional genomics.
Response of substandard reinforcing details T connections upgraded with concrete covers and CFRP (2013)

This paper introduces the responses of two substandard reinforcing details exterior beam-column T connections, which were upgraded by a new retrofitting method using concrete covers and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Two reinforced concrete (RC) exterior beam-column connections without transverse reinforcement at the joints were cast and tested. A mix of epoxy resin and 20% thickener was used to glue the first connection (the Strengthened specimen, TS) with the concrete covers around the column at the joint area to modify it from a square to a circular section and then it was wrapped with CFRP to strengthen. A load was first applied on the second connection (the Repaired specimen, TR) to cause a serious failure then it was repaired. The repair scheme of the second connection was identical to the first connection. Results of testing the two connections have shown that the shear strength and ductility of both the strengthened and the repaired connections were improved significantly. The glued concrete covers not only increased the volume of the joint so that increase its shear strength but also helped in increasing the CFRP effectiveness by increasing the confinement effect on the concrete and reduce the possibility of CFRP debonding at the joint regions.
New Strategies in Lung Cancer: Epigenetic Therapy for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2014)

Recent discoveries that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be divided into molecular subtypes based on the presence or absence of driver mutations have revolutionized the treatment of many patients with advanced disease. However, despite these advances, a majority of patients are still dependent on modestly effective cytotoxic chemotherapy to provide disease control and prolonged survival. In this article, we review the current status of attempts to target the epigenome, heritable modifications of DNA, histones, and chromatin that may act to modulate gene expression independently of DNA coding alterations, in NSCLC and the potential for combinatorial and sequential treatment strategies.
STUDIES ON THE PINEAL GLAND (1916)

<h3>Introductory</h3> The ancients believed that the pineal body or cornarium, as it was called, regulated the flow of vital spirits from the brain to the spinal cord, acting in this capacity in a manner similar to the pylorus of the stomach. It was assumed that it was a part of the brain, capable of movement, and stood as a guard between the third and fourth ventricles. But it is remarkable to find in the works of Galen,<sup>10</sup>whose name still clings to the neighboring veins, that he used the term "acervulus" in describing the psammona or sand bodies found in the gland, and in his works recur such illuminating statements as the following: "The pineal was devised for the same purpose as the other glands of the body." In the first place, "it is in substance glandular," and, observing that the blood supply came from the same
Navigating between computer displays in power plants (1992)

An overview of the challenges that will be faced in designing and evaluating navigation support for future retrofits and new CANDU nuclear power plants with multiple video display units (VDUs) is provided. The author discusses the impact of navigation support on operator performance, identifies navigation aids, describes ways to organize displays, proposes evaluation options, and outlines the direction of future work aiming to meet CANDU operator needs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzyme Encapsulated Hollow Silica Nanospheres for Intracellular Biocatalysis (2014)

Hollow silica nanospheres (HSN) with low densities, large interior spaces and permeable silica shells are suitable for loading enzymes in the cavity to carry out intracellular biocatalysis. The porous shell can protect the encapsulated enzymes against proteolysis and attenuate immunological response. We developed a microemulsion-templating method for confining horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the cavity of HSN. This simple one-pot enzyme encapsulation method allows entrapping of the enzyme, which retains high catalytic activity. Compared with HRP supported on solid silica spheres, HRP@HSN with thin porous silica shells displayed better enzyme activity. The small HRP@HSN (∼50 nm in diameter), giving satisfactory catalytic activity, can act as an intracellular catalyst for the oxidation of the prodrug indole-3-acetic acid to produce toxic free radicals for killing cancer cells. We envision this kind of hollow nanosystem could encapsulate multiple enzymes or other synergistic drugs and function as therapeutic nanoreactors.
Generation of femtosecond pulses by traveling-wave amplified spontaneous emission (1989)

Traveling-wave amplified spontaneous emission (TWASE) on the femtosecond time scale is reported. By pumping different dyes with 80-fsec pulses with an energy of 4 microJ, we obtain TWASE pulses at several wavelengths between 650 and 800 nm. After compression by a grating pair the TWASE pulses are almost transform limited and shorter than the pump pulses. The temporal jitter between the pump and TWASE pulses is smaller than the pump-pulse duration.
Prostaglandin E1 attenuation of ischemic renal reperfusion injury in the rat. (1995)

These data demonstrate that after total renal ischemia, PGE1 administration at reperfusion ameliorates the expected injury, whereas delayed treatment is ineffective. Decreased vascular resistance may be responsible for this protective effect.
Flame Ion Density Measurement Using Spark Plug Voltage Analysis (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The corelation between flame ion density and engine operating condition, such as air fuel ratio mixture and cylinder pressure peak value, etc., is commonly known.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">However, due to the difficulty of ion probe installation in the engine and the interruption of the high voltage ignition spark, the ionization current method is not optimally utilized.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the Spark Plug Voltage-ion method which requires a minor modification to the ignition system and will indirectly detect flame ion density. The voltage sensor is a voltage divider by capacitance which measures the spark plug voltage. The resulting behavior of the voltage wave form is noteworthy. After spark discharge, the stored residual charge of the spark plug starts to discharge by ion in a flame. Therefore, ion density in a flame is detected by the decay time of spark plug voltage.</div>
ZnO Nanowalls Grown with High-Pressure PLD and Their Applications as Field Emitters and UV Detectors (2009)

The authors recently succeeded in growing two-dimensional ZnO nanowalls on sapphire substrates using high-pressure pulsed laser deposition (PLD) without any catalysts. Depending on the PLD growth conditions and the composition of the target, ZnO nanowalls with thickness of tens of nanometers and dimension of several micrometers were synthesized reproducibly. Most of the nanowalls were vertically epitaxial on the c-cut sapphire substrates with a preferred c-axis orientation as confirmed with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The room temperature photoluminescence spectrum of such a ZnO nanowall exhibited a strong intrinsic UV emission and a week defect-related visible emission. It was found that the ZnO nanowalls showed stable field emission properties with low threshold field and a big field enhancement factor. Photocurrent measurements also indicated that these ZnO nanowall films showed a high sensitivity to UV light, which can be used as a UV photodetector.
A target structure for a series of human cloned natural killer cell lines is recognized by both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 monoclonal antibodies. (1985)

It was shown recently that a surface antigen termed TNKtar was likely to serve as a target molecule for three distinct human NK clones expressing the same clonotypic determinant (termed NKTa) present on a 90 KD recognition structure. In the present studies, we investigated whether TNKtar and a previously described antigen termed 4F2 were related. Parallel immunoprecipitations from membrane lysates of the same cells showed that both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab precipitate a heterodimeric structure which resolves as two bands of identical m.w. (40 and 80 KD) in SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing conditions. Sequential immunoprecipitations demonstrated that the two antibodies are directed at the same molecule. However, one antibody did not block subsequent binding of the other, and vice versa, suggesting that anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab are directed at two distinct epitopes of the molecule. Functionally, it was found that 4F2 Mab was able, as well as anti-TNKtar, to selectively block cytotoxic function of JT9 cloned cells. Furthermore, as reported previously for anti-TNKtar, 4F2 had no effect when additional NKTa-NK clones were used as effector cells in cytotoxicity assays. Finally, cold target inhibition assays were performed by using cold target cells precoated with either anti-TNKtar or 4F2 Mab. These experiments showed that preincubation of target cells with either antibody blocked their ability to compete with their radiolabeled counterpart. Such results further strengthen the hypothesis that the activation antigen recognized by both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab serves as a specific target structure for NKTa+ NK active clones. We discuss the importance of previous data concerning the 4F2 molecule in light of this functional role, which had not been identified previously.
The <i>five color</i> concurrency control protocol: non-two-phase locking in general databases (1990)

Concurrency control protocols based on two-phase locking are a popular family of locking protocols that preserve serializability in general (unstructured) database systems. A concurrency control algorithm (for databases with no inherent structure) is presented that is practical, non two-phase, and allows varieties of serializable logs not possible with any commonly known locking schemes. All transactions are required to predeclare the data they intend to read or write. Using this information, the protocol anticipates the existence (or absence) of possible conflicts and hence can allow non-two-phase locking. It is well known that serializability is characterized by acyclicity of the conflict graph representation of interleaved executions. The two-phase locking protocols allow only forward growth of the paths in the graph. The Five Color protocol allows the conflict graph to grow in any direction (avoiding two-phase constraints) and prevents cycles in the graph by maintaining transaction access information in the form of data-item markers. The read and write set information can also be used to provide relative immunity from deadlocks.
Superresolution of multipath delay profiles measured by PN correlation method (1992)

Time resolution of multipath delay profiles measured by using the autocorrelation of a pseudonoise (PN) code sequence is generally limited by the chip interval of the PN code sequence. A superresolution PN correlation method (SPM) is proposed which improves the time resolution of delay profiles measured by the conventional PN correlation method. The SPM is based on a decomposition of the eigenvector space of the correlation matrix of the delay profile data vector and gives the number of paths and their delay times with higher resolution. It is verified by computer simulations and experiments using coaxial delay lines that the SPM can resolve two paths with a delay difference of a few tenths of the chip interval. The applicability of the SPM to the analysis of an indoor multipath environment in which many delayed waves arrive with short delay differences is demonstrated by an indoor radio propagation experiment at 2.3 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pitch independent prototyping of musical sounds (1999)

This paper presents a method of pitch-independent prototyping, classification and creation of musical sounds. Based on the spectral envelope, temporal envelope and irregularities of the quasi-harmonic partials, a simple timbre model is used for the prototyping, classification and synthesis of musical sounds. Indications are given how to modify the timbre parameters so as to have a natural sounding sound when modifying, for instance, the pitch. Furthermore, the sound can be perfected by modifying the individual parameters of each partial. Finally, several methods for searching sounds in a large database of sounds are proposed.
Development of Air-Combat Target Maneuver Flight Scene Simulation System Based on OSG (2012)

The target aircraft's maneuvering motion model was established for air-combat simulation, and 14 typical control algorithms for tactical maneuvers were designed in this paper. Furthermore, the framework of a scene system and development based on Open Scene Graph (OSG) were analyzed and addressed specifically, which gives the full-view of how the system's functionality implements. Via the scene system, all the flight parameters of simulated targets, such as flight path, velocity, location and orientation, were observed in an easy and intuitional way. The system responds rapidly and is easy to use. The simulation results show that all designed models are available for air-combat simulation, efficiency evaluation.
Use of prismatic films to control light distribution (1994)

Piping light for illumination purposes is a concept which has been around for a long time. In fact, it was the subject of an 1881 United States patent which proposed the use of mirrors inside a tube to reflect light from wall to wall down the tube. The use of conventional mirrors for this purpose, however, has not worked because mirrors do not reflect well enough. On the other hand, optical fibers composed of certain glasses or plastics are known to transport light much more efficiently. The light that enters is reflected back and forth within the walls of the fiber until it reaches the other end. This is possible by means of a principle known as 'total internal reflection'. No light escapes through the walls and very little is absorbed in the bulk of the fiber. However, while optical fibers are very efficient in transporting light, they are impractical for transporting large quantities of light. Lorne Whitehead, as a student at the University of British Columbia, recognized that prismatic materials could be used to create a 'prism light guide', a hollow structure that can efficiently transport large quantities of light. This invention is a pipe whose transparent walls are formed on the outside into precise prismatic facets. The facets are efficient total internal reflection mirrors which prevent light travelling down the guide from escaping. Very little light is absorbed by the pipe because light travels primarily in the air space within the hollow guide. And, because the guide is hollow, weight and cost factors are much more favorable than would be the case with very large solid fibers. Recent advances in precision micromachining, polymer processing, and certain other manufacturing technologies have made the development of OLF (Optical Lighting Film) possible. The process is referred to as 'microreplication' and has been found to have broad applicability in a number of diverse product areas.
Intranasal Lidocaine for the Treatment of Migraine Headache: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2001)

There was no evidence that intranasal lidocaine provided rapid relief for migraine headache pain in the emergency department setting.