gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Mapping of DNA Breakpoints to Define True Recurrences Among Ipsilateral Breast Cancers (2007)

DNA breakpoint information more often agreed with the clinical determination than CNAs in this population. The partial identity score, which was calculated based on DNA breakpoints, allows statistical discrimination between new primary tumors and true recurrences that could outperform the clinical determination in terms of prognosis.
Automatic treatment plan re-optimization for adaptive radiotherapy guided with the initial plan DVHs (2013)

Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) can reduce normal tissue toxicity and/or improve tumor control through treatment adaptations based on the current patient anatomy. Developing an efficient and effective re-planning algorithm is an important step toward the clinical realization of ART. For the re-planning process, manual trial-and-error approach to fine-tune planning parameters is time-consuming and is usually considered unpractical, especially for online ART. It is desirable to automate this step to yield a plan of acceptable quality with minimal interventions. In ART, prior information in the original plan is available, such as dose-volume histogram (DVH), which can be employed to facilitate the automatic re-planning process. The goal of this work is to develop an automatic re-planning algorithm to generate a plan with similar, or possibly better, DVH curves compared with the clinically delivered original plan. Specifically, our algorithm iterates the following two loops. An inner loop is the traditional fluence map optimization, in which we optimize a quadratic objective function penalizing the deviation of the dose received by each voxel from its prescribed or threshold dose with a set of fixed voxel weighting factors. In outer loop, the voxel weighting factors in the objective function are adjusted according to the deviation of the current DVH curves from those in the original plan. The process is repeated until the DVH curves are acceptable or maximum iteration step is reached. The whole algorithm is implemented on GPU for high efficiency. The feasibility of our algorithm has been demonstrated with three head-and-neck cancer IMRT cases, each having an initial planning CT scan and another treatment CT scan acquired in the middle of treatment course. Compared with the DVH curves in the original plan, the DVH curves in the resulting plan using our algorithm with 30 iterations are better for almost all structures. The re-optimization process takes about 30 s using our in-house optimization engine.
Influences of postimplantation annealing conditions on resistance lowering in high-phosphorus-implanted 4H–SiC (2003)

The dependences of sheet resistance (Rs), sheet carrier concentration, and carrier mobility on postimplantation annealing temperature and time have been investigated in high-phosphorus (P)-implanted 4H–SiC using Hall effect measurement. At an annealing temperature below 1200 °C, Rs decreases with an increase in annealing time due to the increases in sheet carrier concentration and carrier mobility, but the Rs available for SiC device applications is not obtained using even a long annealing time of 500 min. At an annealing temperature above 1600 °C, annealing for 30 min causes the Rs to increase due to an evaporation of the implanted layer. In addition, the precipitation of P donors occurs by long-time annealing regardless of annealing temperature, thereby reducing sheet carrier concentration in implanted layer. On the contrary, a Rs of less than 100 Ω/sq has been achieved at a short annealing time of 30 s because of the extremely high electrical activation of P donors exceeding its solubility limit. Based on these results, it is revealed that the decrease in Rs of the P-implanted 4H–SiC is necessary to satisfy the three requisites: (1) sufficient crystal recovery, (2) suppression of implanted layer evaporation, and (3) prevention of P precipitation, and is achieved by rapid thermal annealing at high temperature for a short time.
Characterization of SiGe/Si heterostructures formed by Ge+ and C+ implantation (1990)

Formation of SiGe/Si heterostructures by germanium ion implantation was investigated. A germanium-implanted layer was grown epitaxially in the solid phase by thermal annealing. Two kinds of crystalline defects were observed. One is a misfit dislocation, and the other is a residual dislocation caused by ion bombardment. The p-n junction formed in the SiGe layer has a leakage current three orders of magnitude larger than that of a pure Si p-n junction fabricated with an identical process except for the Ge+ implantation. Carbon doping in the SiGe layer improves its crystalline quality and the junction characteristics.
Evaluation of speed estimation by floating car data within the research project Dmotion (2007)

The research project Dmotion aims at a comprehensive traffic management strategy for regional and local authorities, as well as for private service providers. The use of floating car data (FCD) provides an efficient way to estimate speeds and traffic state. Availability and quality of FCD from taxi fleets and public transport were compared. FCD speeds from taxis were evaluated against independent route speed measurements. Furthermore a model was developed to integrate FCD from public transport fleets into traffic state detection. Results of route speeds based on FCD show that taxi data can be used for estimating average route speeds of the whole driving population. Temporal trends of average speeds during a day can be captured by taxi data. Spatial resolution of trip information (i.e. frequency of messages), however, has to be improved in order to avoid biased results. As FCD from taxi fleets only cover a limited percentage of links per time interval, substituting information from historical time series for missing values is of basic importance. Completing speed information greatly improves its value for data fusion. The use of public transport vehicles as floating cars proves to be an interesting and cheap additional data source for urban traffic state estimation. For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.
Caching Technologies for Web Applications (2001)

About the Speaker: Dr. C. Mohan joined IBM Almaden Research Center in 1981. He was named an IBM Fellow in 1997 for being recognized worldwide as a leading innovator in transaction management. He received the 1996 ACM SIGMOD Innovations Award in recognition of his innovative contributions to the development and use of database systems. From IBM, he has received 1 Corporate and 8 Outstanding Innovation/Technical Achievement Awards. He has been an IBM Master Inventor with 33 patents. Mohan's research results are implemented in numerous IBM and non-IBM systems like DB2, MQSeries, Lotus Domino, Microsoft SQLServer and S/390 Parallel Sysplex. He is the primary inventor of the ARIES family of recovery and locking methods, and the industry-standard Presumed Abort commit protocol. At VLDB'99, he was honored with the 10 Year Best Paper Award for the widespread commercial and research impact of the ARIES algorithms. He has been an editor of VLDB Journal, and Journal of Distributed and Parallel Databases. Currently, Mohan is a member of the IBM Application Integration Middleware (AIM) Architecture Board and is leading a project on database caching in the context of DB2 and WebSphere.
Nanostructured membranes based on cellulose acetate obtained by electrospinning, part 1: Study of the best solvents and conditions by design of experiments (2012)

Abstract The electrospinning of cellulose acetate (CA) was investigated to develop biodegradable nanostructured membranes for the controlled release of drugs used to treat skin wounds. CA nanofibers were successfully prepared via the electrospinning in the four mixed solvents acetic acid : water; acetone : water; DMAc : acetone; DMAc : acetone : water. Design of experiments (DOE) was applied to see what combinations of parameters could affect the production of electrospun microfibers and nanofibers to optimize the process. The results of this work indicated that both the processing parameters and the solvent mixtures were responsible for the fiber diameter and nanostructure membrane appearance. The optimized condition for each solvent mixture was obtained and compared with each one of the others. The best conditions achieved were dimethylacetamida (DMAc) : acetone with 17% of CA, which provided homogeneous and free bead fibers with an average diameter of 295 nm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF SWEETPOTATO LEAVES (2006)

Recently a new sweetpotato cultivar, 'Suioh', was developed by the National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Japan for utilization as a leafy vegetable. Characteristics of 'Suioh' cultivar include good taste and much higher contents of calcium and vitamin K than spinach. Sweetpotato leaves contain a high content of polyphenolics in comparison with 12 kinds of the major commercial vegetables. The polyphenolics were composed of caffeic acid (CA) and five kinds of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, 3-mono-O-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid, ChA), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-diCQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-diCQA), and 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-triCQA). These polyphenolics showed various kinds of physiological functions, radical scavenging activity, anti-mutagenic activity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and anti-bacterial activity in vitro or in vivo which may be helpful for maintaining and promoting human health. The physiological function of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives with plural caffeoyl group is more effective than with a monocaffeoyl one. Furthermore, commercial products with these physiological functions have been developed from sweetpotato leaves in Japan.
Content Look-Aside Buffer for Redundancy-Free Virtual Disk I/O and Caching (2017)

Storage consolidation in a virtualized environment introduces numerous duplications in virtual disks and imposes considerable pressure on disk I/O and caching. In this paper, we present a content look-aside buffer (CLB) approach for simultaneously providing redundancy-free virtual disk I/O and caching. CLB attaches persistent fingerprints to virtual disk blocks, which enables detection of I/O redundancy before disk access. At run time, CLB exploits content pages already present in the guest disk caches to service the redundant reads through page sharing, thus eliminating both redundant I/O requests and redundant disk cache copies. For write requests, CLB uses a group invalidating writeback protocol for updating fingerprints to support crash consistency while minimizing disk write overhead. By implementing and evaluating a CLB prototype on KVM hypervisor, we demonstrate that CLB delivers considerably improved I/O performance with realistic workloads. Our CLB prototype improves the throughput of sequential and random read on duplicate data by 4.1x and 26.2x, respectively. For typical read-intensive workloads, such as booting VM and launching application, CLB's I/O deduplication and cache deduplication eliminates 94.9%--98.5% of read requests and saves 50%--100% cache memory in each VM, respectively. Compared with the QEMU's raw virtual disk format, CLB improves the per-disk VM density by 8x--16x. For mixed read-write workloads, the cost of on-line fingerprint updating offsets the read benefit; nevertheless, CLB substantially improves overall performance.
Epidemiologic Features of Asymptomatic Cerebral Infarction in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (1990)

We performed unenhanced computed tomographic scans on 141 asymptomatic patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Thirty-six patients (26%) had hypodense areas consistent with cerebral infarction. The majority of these were small deep infarcts, seen in 29 patients (21%), but 13 patients (9%) had cortical or large deep infarctions. Twelve patients had more than one infarct on computed tomographic scan. Increasing age and increased left atrial diameter were the only clinical features associated with asymptomatic infarction. Patients older than 65 years with a left atrial diameter greater than 5.0 cm (n = 23) had a 52% prevalence of asymptomatic infarction. Patients younger than 65 years with a left atrial diameter less than 5.0 cm (n = 38) had an 11% prevalence of silent infarction. Patients with only one of these risk factors (n = 72) had a 24% prevalence of silent infarction. Infarction was more common in those with chronic (34%) as opposed to intermittent (22%) nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but this difference was not significant. Hypertension, diabetes, duration of atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, history of myocardial infarction, and echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction were not associated with asymptomatic infarction. A history of hypertension was present in only 35% of our patients with small-deep asymptomatic infarction, similar to the percentage in patients without stroke. Asymptomatic cerebral infarction is common in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The association with enlarged left atria and the lack of correlation with major cerebrovascular risk factors suggests a cardioembolic mechanism. Further study is needed to determine the functional and prognostic significance of these strokes.
Extending the scope of database services (1993)

A wide variety of important data remains outside of the scope of database management systems. In recent years researchers have been making efforts in two directions: first, developing database management systems that can support non-traditional data, and secondly, offering database services for data that remains under control of autonomous (not necessarily database) systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of these efforts.
Cloud cover from high‐resolution scanner data: Detecting and allowing for partially filled fields of view (1982)

We present a new technique for obtaining cloud cover and determining clear sky radiances using high‐resolution infrared scanner data. The technique, which can be automated, uses the spatial structure of the IR radiance field to identify radiances associated with fields of view that are either free of clouds or completely covered by clouds drawn from one or more distinct layers. As the method uses only infrared radiances, it should provide equally good results for both daytime and nighttime observations. The approach is particularly suited for determining clear sky radiances over oceans from which sea surface temperature might be derived. In addition, for single‐layered systems, the cloud cover fraction for a given region may be obtained from the clear sky radiance, the completely cloud covered radiance, and the mean radiance for the region. For such systems the separation of completely covered from partially covered fields of view allows an estimate of the errors associated with commonly used threshold techniques for determining cloud cover. These errors are, in general, shown to be highly sensitive to the applied threshold and to depend on the cloud‐areal size distribution. In addition, unlike the spatial coherence method described here, histograms and correlations of visible and IR radiances as proposed for archiving information on cloud cover may fail to reveal the layered structure of cloud systems. Furthermore, the high local structure observed for the visible radiances of regions that appear to be completely cloud covered makes it impossible to obtain reliable estimates of the cover from visible radiances alone.
WiMAX signal waveform analysis for passive radar application (2009)

WiMAX is the latest globally accepted wireless broadband access standard, which is also a valuable illuminator for passive radar. This paper analyzes the ambiguity function of WiMAX signal to evaluate its suitability as radar waveform. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that WiMAX signal has a ‘bed of nails’ type ambiguity function, whose properties depend on its frame structure, length of cyclic prefix and effective bandwidth. The modulation method has no effect on the ambiguity function.
Suppression of Root Diseases by<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>CHA0: Importance of the Bacterial Secondary Metabolite 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (1992)

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHAO suppresses Thielaviopsis basicola-induced black root rot of tobacco and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici-induced take-all of wheat. Strain CHAO produces 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, a metabolite with antifungal, antibacterial, and phytotoxic activity. The role of this compound in disease suppression was tested under gnotobiotic conditions. A P. fluorescens mutant, obtained by Tn5 insertion, did not produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, showed diminished inhibition of T. basicola and of G. g. var. tritici in vitro, and had a reduced suppressive effect on tobacco black root rot and on take-all of wheat, compared with wild-type CHAO. Complementation of the mutant with an 11-kb DNA fragment from a genomic library of wild-type CHAO largely restored production of the metabolite, inhibition of the fungal pathogens in vitro and disease suppression. The Tn5 insertion was physically mapped using a 5.8-kb complementing fragment as a probe. 2,4- Diacetylphloroglucinol was shown to be produced in the rhizosphere of wheat by strain CHAO and by the complemented mutant, but not by the mutant defective in 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol synthesis. These results support the importance of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production by strain CHAO in the suppression of soilborne plant pathogens in the rhizosphere.
Notch Signaling Induces Rapid Degradation of Achaete-Scute Homolog 1 (2002)

In neural development, Notch signaling plays a key role in restricting neuronal differentiation, promoting the maintenance of progenitor cells. Classically, Notch signaling causes transactivation of Hairy-enhancer of Split (HES) genes which leads to transcriptional repression of neural determination and differentiation genes. We now report that in addition to its known transcriptional mechanism, Notch signaling also leads to rapid degradation of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor human achaete-scute homolog 1 (hASH1). Using recombinant adenoviruses expressing active Notch1 in small-cell lung cancer cells, we showed that the initial appearance of Notch1 coincided with the loss of hASH1 protein, preceding the full decay of hASH1 mRNA. Overexpression of HES1 alone was capable of down-regulating hASH1 mRNA but could not replicate the acute reduction of hASH1 protein induced by Notch1. When adenoviral hASH1 was coinfected with Notch1, we still observed a dramatic and abrupt loss of the exogenous hASH1 protein, despite high levels of ongoing hASH1 RNA expression. Notch1 treatment decreased the apparent half-life of the adenoviral hASH1 protein and increased the fraction of hASH1 which was polyubiquitinylated. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 reversed the Notch1-induced degradation. The Notch RAM domain was dispensable but a lack of the OPA and PEST domains inactivated this Notch1 action. Overexpression of the hASH1-dimerizing partner E12 could protect hASH1 from degradation. This novel function of activated Notch to rapidly degrade a class II bHLH protein may prove to be important in many contexts in development and in cancer.
Colonic ulceration associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1996)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with a variety of gastrointestinal side effects. Effects on the large intestine have been reported with increasing frequency. Recognition of NSAID-induced colonic lesions has been confounded by variable clinical presentations, variable pathologic findings, and unfamiliarity of this entity among clinicians. We have recently seen three cases of NSAID-induced cecal ulcerations in patients undergoing right colectomy. A correct preoperative diagnosis was not made in our patients, one of whom presented with an acute abdomen and two in whom there was an inability to rule out carcinoma. The gross, radiographic, and histologic findings in each case consisted of a characteristic transverse ulceration with thin diaphragm-like scarring. NSAID-induced cecal ulcers can have a variety of presentations to the general surgeon, are likely to be misdiagnosed preoperatively, but may be recognized based on characteristic gross features evident by radiography and colonoscopy, along with a careful history. Review of recent literature suggests that laparotomy can be avoided when diagnosis is considered, but operation is indicated for complications, such as hemorrhage, obstruction, or perforation, and when carcinoma cannot be adequately excluded.
Fasting alters somatostatin binding to liver membranes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1996)

Somatostatins are a diverse family of peptides that influence various aspects of animal growth, development, and metabolism. Recent work in our laboratory has shown that somatostatins stimulate hepatic lipolysis in rainbow trout. In this study we characterized somatostatin-binding sites in trout hepatic membrane preparations. We also examined changes in binding characteristics brought about by food deprivation. Binding of [Tyr11]-somatostatin-14 (SS-14) was saturable, reversible, and time- and temperature-dependent. Under optimal conditions, [Tyr11]-SS-14 specific binding averaged 5.7 +/- 0.3%. While SS-14 and SS-28 (an N-terminally extended form of SS-14 and derived from the same gene as SS-14) displaced [Tyr11]-SS-14 specific binding (ED50 values of approximately 50 nM and 100 nM respectively), salmon SS-25 (containing [Tyr7,Gly10]-SS-14 at its C terminus and presumably derived from a gene different from that giving rise to SS-14/SS-28), except at pharmacological concentrations, did not. Significant specific binding was also detected in brain, esophagus, stomach, upper and lower intestine, pancreas, and adipose tissue. Scatchard analysis suggested the existence of two classes of hepatic somatostatin-binding sites: a high-affinity site with a Kd of 23 nM and Bmax of 1.4 pmol/mg protein and a low-affinity site with a Kd of 379 nM and Bmax of 4.9 pmol/mg protein. Fasting resulted in reduced growth and elevated plasma levels of SS-14 compared with fed animals. SS-14 binding capacity of the high-affinity class in liver membranes isolated from fasted fish increased by 120% over that from fed counterparts. No difference in Kd for the high-affinity binding class or in either Kd or Bmax of the low-affinity class was noted between fasted and fed animals. These data support the role of the liver as a target of somatostatin and suggest that fasting enhances hepatic sensitivity to SS-14 binding.
Preparing and Etching Titanium to Document Surface Affects (2015)

This paper is a follow-up and update of the article “Titanium and Its Alloys” in Volume 9 of the ASM Handbook, Metallography and Microstructures [1]. Because of its inherent characteristics, titanium is one of the more difficult metals to prepare for metallographic examination, as illustrated below. The challenge is to understand and minimize metallographic preparation artifacts through an understanding of their cause. They will be introduced if the wrong preparation steps and/or etching techniques are applied. For example, if one used the metallographic preparation process for a body centered cubic tempered martensitic steel, etching of Ti and its alloys would not reveal the true structure. This article covers the effect of etchant selection and etching time, the effect of remnant mechanical deformation and cold work produced during specimen preparation, the influence of interstitial conLuther M. Gammon Materials Microscopy Consultant, Auburn, WA; e-mail: lmgammon@msn.com Rodney R. Boyer Titanium Consultant, Issaquah, WA 98027; e-mail: rodney.r.boyer@gmail.com Authors: Gammon, L. M.; Boyer, R. R.: Preparing and Etching Titanium / Praparation und Atzen von Titan 264 Pract. Metallogr. 50 (2013) 4 tamination and enrichment on the microstructure, and the effect of these problems on heat affected zones.