gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving accuracy of transverse velocity measurement with a new limited diffraction beam (2002)

Limited diffraction beams have a large depth of field and have many potential applications. Previously, the author has applied one of these beams called the Bessel beam to improve the measurement of velocity vector (both transverse and axial components) of flow over conventional focused beams. Here, a new limited diffraction beam called layered array beam is used to further improve the accuracy of the transverse velocity measurement by producing peaks at the boundaries of Doppler spectrum. Because the new beam can be produced with a linear array, the method can be easily incorporated into a commercial scanner. Theory, simulation, and experiment are studied for the method and the results agree excellently with each other. In addition, applications of the new beam for high frame rate imaging (up to 3750 frames/s at 200 mm depth for biological soft tissues) or for dynamic focusing in both transmit and receive without reducing frame rate are discussed.
Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Excretion in Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

We used Alcian Blue (AB) and dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) methods to measure glycosaminoglycan (GAG) excretion in the first morning urine specimens of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in different stages of disease. By the AB method, urinary GAG excretion in patients with RA was not different from healthy control subjects. However, the DMB method showed significant differences (in milligrams of GAG per gram of creatinine) for OA (median 25.4, range 14.3-44.0, P less than 0.01, n = 23) and RA patients (median 33.0; range 10.0-147.6; P less than 0.001, n = 63) in comparison with unaffected individuals (median 20.2; range 8.9-41.4, n = 38). We noted a significant difference in urinary GAG excretion between RA and OA patients (P less than 0.01) and between RA and AS (P less than 0.01) patients. The DMB method was further investigated by clinical decision analysis. The DMB method is simple and rapid and may be useful in diagnosing RA by distinguishing between RA and OA or AS.
Windshear warning aerospatiale approach (1988)

Vugraphs and transcribed remarks of a presentation on Aerospatiale's approach to windshear warning systems are given. Information is given on low altitude wind shear probability, wind shear warning models and warning system false alarms.
A nonfunctional sequence converted to a signal for glycophosphatidylinositol membrane anchor attachment. (1991)

The COOH terminus of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) contains a signal that directs glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor attachment in a process involving concerted proteolytic removal of 28 COOH-terminal residues. At least two elements are required for anchor addition: a COOH-terminal hydrophobic domain and a cleavage/attachment site located NH2-terminal to it, requiring a small amino acid as the acceptor for GPI addition. We previously showed that the last 29-37 residues of DAF, making up the COOH-terminal hydrophobic domain plus 20 residues of the adjacent serine/threonine-rich domain (including the anchor addition site), when fused to the COOH terminus of human growth hormone (hGH) will target the fusion protein to the plasma membrane via a GPI anchor. In contrast, a similar fusion protein (hGH-LDLR-DAF17, abbreviated HLD) containing a fragment of the serine/threonine-rich domain of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in place of the DAF-derived serine/threonine-rich sequences, does not become GPI anchored. We now show that this null sequence for GPI attachment can be converted to a strong GPI signal by mutating a pair of residues (valine-glutamate) in the LDLR sequence at a position corresponding to the normal cleavage/attachment site, to serine-glycine, as found in the DAF sequence. A single mutation (converting valine at the anchor addition site to serine, the normal acceptor for GPI addition in DAF) was insufficient to produce GPI anchoring, as was mutation of the valine-glutamate pair to serine-phenylalanine (a bulky residue). These results suggest that a pair of small residues (presumably flanking the cleavage point) is required for GPI attachment. By introducing the sequence serine-glycine (comprising a cleavage-attachment site for GPI addition) at different positions in the LDLR sequence of the fusion protein, HLD, we show that optimal GPI attachment requires a processing site positioned 10-12 residues NH2-terminal to the hydrophobic domain, the efficiency anchor attachment dropping off sharply as the cleavage site is moved beyond these limits. These data suggest that the GPI signal consists solely of a hydrophobic domain combined with a processing site composed of a pair of small residues, positioned 10-12 residues NH2-terminal to the hydrophobic domain. No other structural motifs appear necessary.
Mercury Physicochemical and Biogeochemical Transformation in the Atmosphere and at Atmospheric Interfaces: A Review and Future Directions (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMercury Physicochemical and Biogeochemical Transformation in the Atmosphere and at Atmospheric Interfaces: A Review and Future DirectionsParisa A. Ariya*†‡, Marc Amyot§, Ashu Dastoor∥, Daniel Deeds‡, Aryeh Feinberg†, Gregor Kos‡, Alexandre Poulain⊥, Andrei Ryjkov∥, Kirill Semeniuk∥, M. Subir#, and Kenjiro Toyota¶View Author Information‡ †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2K6§ Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, 90 avenue Vincent-d'Indy, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7∥ Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 2121 TransCanada Highway, Dorval, Quebec, Canada, H9P 1J3⊥ Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5# Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 West University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States¶ Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3H 5T4*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 10, 3760–3802Publication Date (Web):April 30, 2015Publication History Received24 November 2014Published online30 April 2015Published inissue 27 May 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500667ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500667ereview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5823Altmetric-Citations298LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Deposition,Environmental modeling,Mercury,Oxidation,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Plant Antitumor Agents. I. The Isolation and Structure of Camptothecin, a Novel Alkaloidal Leukemia and Tumor Inhibitor from Camptotheca acuminata<sup>1,2</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant Antitumor Agents. I. The Isolation and Structure of Camptothecin, a Novel Alkaloidal Leukemia and Tumor Inhibitor from Camptotheca acuminata1,2Monroe E. Wall, M. C. Wani, C. E. Cook, Keith H. Palmer, A. T. McPhail, and G. A. SimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 16, 3888–3890Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00968a057Request reuse permissionsArticle Views5243Altmetric-Citations1718LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (409 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of CT Techniques for Reducing Artifacts in the Presence of Metallic Orthopedic Implants (1988)

Metallic intramedullary orthopedic implants generate artifacts that can markedly degrade transaxial CT images. The artifacts, typically seen as starburst streaking, result primarily from reconstructions involving missing projection data. Two approaches are clinically available to reduce the artifacts around orthopedic implants. These are (a) the imaging of implants with lower attenuation coefficients or smaller path lengths (less attenuating objects) and (b) the planar reformatting of image data. The sizing accuracy of these two approaches was quantified using phantoms and the efficacy using cadaveric femoral specimens. Results demonstrated that metal artifacts may be reduced and accurate bony dimensional data obtained.
Multi-Level Discovery of Deep Options (2017)

Augmenting an agent's control with useful higher-level behaviors called options can greatly reduce the sample complexity of reinforcement learning, but manually designing options is infeasible in high-dimensional and abstract state spaces. While recent work has proposed several techniques for automated option discovery, they do not scale to multi-level hierarchies and to expressive representations such as deep networks. We present Discovery of Deep Options (DDO), a policy-gradient algorithm that discovers parametrized options from a set of demonstration trajectories, and can be used recursively to discover additional levels of the hierarchy. The scalability of our approach to multi-level hierarchies stems from the decoupling of low-level option discovery from high-level meta-control policy learning, facilitated by under-parametrization of the high level. We demonstrate that using the discovered options to augment the action space of Deep Q-Network agents can accelerate learning by guiding exploration in tasks where random actions are unlikely to reach valuable states. We show that DDO is effective in adding options that accelerate learning in 4 out of 5 Atari RAM environments chosen in our experiments. We also show that DDO can discover structure in robot-assisted surgical videos and kinematics that match expert annotation with 72% accuracy.
Error analysis and attitude observability of a monocular GPS/visual odometry integrated navigation filter (2012)

In this paper, we present a method for the recovery of position and absolute attitude (including pitch, roll and yaw) using a novel fusion of monocular visual odometry and GPS measurements in a similar manner to a classic loosely coupled GPS/INS error state navigation filter. The proposed filter does not require additional restrictions or assumptions such as platform-specific dynamics, map matching, feature tracking, visual loop closing, gravity vector or additional sensors such as an inertial measurement unit or magnetic compass. An observability analysis of the proposed filter is performed, showing that the scale factor, position and attitude errors are fully observable under acceleration that is non-parallel to the velocity vector in the navigation frame. The observability properties of the proposed filter are demonstrated using numerical simulations. We conclude the article with an implementation of the proposed filter using real flight data collected from a Cessna 172 equipped with a downwards-looking camera and GPS, showing the feasibility of the algorithm in real-world conditions.
Bandpass delta-sigma modulators for direct IF and RF sampling digital receivers implemented in InP HBT IC technology (1999)

The trend in modern communications and radar systems is to move the analog-to digital interface as far forward in the signal path as possible toward the antenna or sensor. Moving the digital interface forward in the signal path eliminates stages of downconversion and analog filters that are bulky, expensive, require calibration, and drift with temperature. Ultra-fast device technologies are required to perform direct analog-to-digital conversion on radio frequency (RF) or intermediate frequency (IF) signals that enables moving the digital interface forward in the signal path. This paper describes the use of ultra-fast InP HBT IC technology to build bandpass delta-sigma modulators for use in IF sampling digital receivers.
Use of the aryl groups as the carboxyl synthon. Application to the synthesis of some natural products containing hydroxyamino acid functions (1994)

Abstract
HGF Activates Signal Transduction from EPO Receptor on Human Cord Blood CD34 <sup>+</sup> /CD45 <sup>+</sup> Cells (1999)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional cytokine with early hematopoiesis-stimulatory activity. Here, we focus on its erythropoiesis-stimulatory effect on highly purified human hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+/CD45+ cells) derived from the cord blood. In immunoblot analyses, c-met protein (a receptor of HGF) was detected in the CD34+/CD45+ cells, although the expression levels were different among samples. The c-met expression was facilitated by incubation of the cells with stem cell factor (SCF) or interleukin 3 (IL-3), even if the expression level had been low. IL-6, G-CSF, or erythropoietin (EPO) did not show such a stimulatory effect on the c-met expression of the cells. When HGF was added to the CD34+/CD45+ cells in the presence of SCF, the numbers of CD36+/CD11b- cells (very early erythroid lineage cells) and BFU-E increased. EPO-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat 5 also increased, but the EPO receptor (EPO-R) expression remained unchanged in the CD34+/CD45+ cells treated with SCF + HGF. Our present study suggests that stimulation of the HGF/c-met signal is concomitant with induction of c-met protein by SCF. The subsequent enhancement of signal transduction via the activation of Stat 5 from the EPO-R plays a crucial role in the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells into erythroid lineage cells.
A metropolitan area radio system using scanning pencil beams (1991)

A metropolitan-area radio system that, from a centrally located base station, provides continuously 360 degrees coverage over a large service region is proposed. The base station blankets the service region with a raster of very narrow pencil beams that can be rapidly scanned to any position in synchronism with the switching sequences of a time-division-multiple-access (TDMA) assignment. By deploying multiple scanning spot beams, the allocated spectrum can be reused many times. A centralized network controller, executing an efficient TDMA assignment algorithm, dynamically allocates the resources of a small transceiver pool among the far larger number of beam positions in response to real-time requests for service. By varying the dwell time at each beam position in response to the traffic intensity of the position, highly efficient resource utilization is provided. The high antenna gain of the base station antenna provides adequate arain fade margin to permit operation in the uncongested portion of the ratio spectrum above 20 GHz. The system is particularly well suited to emerging, direct-to-end-user wideband digital service offerings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Schlußbetrachtung und Ausblick (1997)

Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung bildete die auf vielen Märkten zu beobachtende Abkehr vom Transaktionsmanagement. Damit einhergehend rückt die Kundenbindung in den Blickpunkt des Marketing. Gleichzeitig konnte jedoch festgestellt werden, daß Erkenntnisse zu dem Phänomen Abnehmerbindung in der Marketingwissenschaft bislang noch kaum vorliegen und in der Unternehmenspraxis diesbezüglich ebenfalls ein Informationsdefizit herrscht.
SOLUTION MINING OF NAHCOLITE AT THE AMERICAN SODA PROJECT, PICEANCE CREEK, COLORADO (2003)

American Soda, LLP has commissioned the first solution mine for recovery of naturally formed sodium bicarbonate (nahcolite) from lowgrade deposits using high-pressure, high-temperature injection fluid. This project, known as the Yankee Gulch Project, was commissioned 33 years after discovery of the deposit and followed an intensive fouryear feasibility study that included a full-scale pilot test. The nahcolite is co-mingled with oil shale and is impermeable. Solution mining is achieved by a combination of thermo-mechanical cracking and dissolution. Elevated temperatures are required to initiate the thermally induced cracking and to enhance solubility of the nahcolite, which is highly temperature dependent. This paper will provide an overview of the development of the project from discovery, characterization, pilot testing, permitting and commissioning, with emphasis on the solution mining aspects.
Performance comparison of windows-based thin-client architectures (2007)

The basic idea behind thin-client architectures is to run applications on a central server instead of installing them separately on each client. The Windows remote desktop protocol (RDP) and the Citrix presentation server are two well known approaches to separate the location of where the user input is processed from the computer he is actually working on. While both alternatives solve the same problem, they rely on significantly different mechanisms to handle the exchange of user input and screen updates between client and server. In this paper we therefore compare the performance of both protocols under different aspects. In particular, we study the load caused on network layer as well as the satisfaction of the end user with the service quality achieved by the different terminal services. As this performance heavily depends on the current network conditions, we emulate realistic scenarios in a controlled testbed environment and measure the time required for typical office tasks on application layer. As a result, we quantify the Quality-of-Experience (QoE) perceived by the end-user, compare the overhead required by the different available protocols, and unveil their advantages and disadvantages. Our results can be used to decide which protocol to use in which scenario.
The relationship between polymer elastic properties and the ability to impart improved wrinkle recovery to cotton fabric (1971)

Abstract The wrinkle recovery of polymer‐coated cotton printcloth was generally found to correlate qualitatively with the elastic behavior of the polymer film. Of the several tensile parameters that can describe elasticity, immediate strain and work recoveries and stress decay were found to be the most sensitive indicators of the polymers' performance on the fabric. Delayed recovery, ultimate elongation, and permanent set were found to be important but were less sensitive parameters; while tensile strength and initial modulus appeared to be unrelated. A model is described whereby the polymer provides additional recovery forces when properly coupled to the fabric. High values of stress decay and permanent set diminish the effectiveness of these forces, while high values of immediate, work, and delayed recovery indicate that large portions of the distorting forces are available for recovery.
AUTOMAKERS SHIFT TO PROCESSORS (1984)

Electronic engine-control design has been a key point of automobile manufacturers during the 1980s, with more than $50 million already spent to develop systems that meet emission-control and fuel-economy standards. The use of the powerful VLSI-circuit microprocessor is considered as an automobile engine controller, providing the necessary computing power, flexibility, reliability, and economy. The eight-input monitoring, communication links, IC packaging and solutions to various problems are discussed.
Access and Interconnection Issues in the Move towards the Full Liberalization of European Telecommunications (1997)

privatization usually follows liberalization, this point proves significant.
Emotion control of unstructured dance movements (2017)

Motion capture technology has enabled the acquisition of high quality human motions for animating digital characters with extremely high fidelity. However, despite all the advances in motion editing and synthesis, it remains an open problem to modify pre-captured motions that are highly expressive, such as contemporary dances, for stylization and emotionalization. In this work, we present a novel approach for stylizing such motions by using emotion coordinates defined by the Russell's Circumplex Model (RCM). We extract and analyze a large set of body and motion features, based on the Laban Movement Analysis (LMA), and choose the effective and consistent features for characterizing emotions of motions. These features provide a mechanism not only for deriving the emotion coordinates of a newly input motion, but also for stylizing the motion to express a different emotion without having to reference the training data. Such decoupling of the training data and new input motions eliminates the necessity of manual processing and motion registration. We implement the two-way mapping between the motion features and emotion coordinates through Radial Basis Function (RBF) regression and interpolation, which can stylize free-style highly dynamic dance movements at interactive rates. Our results and user studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the stylization framework with a variety of dance movements exhibiting a diverse set of emotions.
Studies of silica sphere growth (1986)

Recipes are available for the preparation of monodisperse oxide powders and these materials are seeing increased use in the preparation of low flaw density ceramics. Despite the growing demand for these single sized powders, little is known about the physico-chemical processes which determine particle morphology. Here we report on studies of the mechanisms of particle growth. As a model system we choose silica spheres prepared through the hydrolysis of silica alkoxides in basic alcoholic solutions. The rates of particle growth were studied by dipping carbon sputtered formvar coated electron microscope grids into the reaction mixture at different times. The grids were immediately placed on filler paper which rapidly wicked the fluid off the grid leaving the silica particles behind.