gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
eco-IDC: Trade Delay for Energy Cost with Service Delay Guarantee for Internet Data Centers (2012)

Cloud computing services are becoming integral part of people's daily life. These services are supported by Internet data centers (IDCs). As demand for cloud computing services soars, energy consumed by IDCs is skyrocketing. This paper studies an energy management problem - how to minimize energy cost for IDCs in deregulated electricity markets. While several existing works handle this problem by leveraging spatial diversity of electricity price, little has been done to address the temporal uncertainty in electricity price and arriving workload. This paper proposes a novel two-stage design and the eco-IDC (Energy Cost Optimization-IDC) algorithm to exploit temporal diversity of electricity price and dynamically schedule workload to execute on IDC servers through an input queue. Extensive evaluation experiments are performed to demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly reduces energy cost for IDCs, and guarantees a service delay bound for user requests.
Topical glycopyrrolate for patients with facial hyperhidrosis (2008)

Topical glycopyrrolate application appears to be effective and safe for the treatment of excessive facial sweating in primary craniofacial and secondary gustatory hyperhidrosis following sympathectomy.
A framework for comparing conceptual models (2005)

Abstract: Conceptual models are a widely used mean for documenting software systems as well as describing organisational structures. The trend towards integrated and flexible information systems has encouraged research about the comparison of conceptual models. Current approaches on the identification of similarities between conceptual models often adopt an automation perspective only. In this paper we will unfold severe arguments that a fully automatic model comparison process is not feasible. Furthermore, we will show that only a semiautomatic process can perform the comparison of conceptual models at the semantic level. On this theoretical basis, we will develop a framework which identifies all necessary and sufficient components for comparing conceptual models. We will show that this framework includes all the requirements that a semi-automatic model comparison process must meet.
Forward and inverse parameter estimation algorithms of interdigital dielectrometry sensors (2001)

In this paper we extend the continuum model for interdigital dielectrometry sensors and propose a new, direct technique for estimating material electrical properties from measurements. Interdigital sensors consist of alternating pairs of long, thin electrodes on a plane. An ideal model assumes that the periodic structure extends to infinity and the electrodes have no thickness. We extend this ideal analysis to account for the physical thickness of the electrodes. We also present the model in a matrix form which is amenable to linear algebraic analysis techniques. In particular, the 'inverse problem' of estimating material properties is formulated as a generalized Eigenvalue problem, which avoids the convergence problems of previous iterative algorithms.
Facile and Efficient Synthesis of <i>m</i><i>eso</i>-Arylamino- and Alkylamino-Substituted Porphyrins via Palladium-Catalyzed Amination (2003)

meso-Arylamino- and alkylamino-substituted porphyrins were efficiently synthesized by reactions of meso-halogenated porphyrins with amines via palladium-catalyzed amination. The combination of palladium acetate and the commercially available phosphine ligand bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl) ether (DPEphos) is effective for catalyzing the couplings of both [5-bromo-10,20-diphenyl porphyrino]zinc(II) and [5,15-dibromo-10,20-diphenylporphyrino]zinc(II) with amines to give the corresponding monoamino- and diamino-substituted porphyrins in high yields under mild conditions. The corresponding halogenated free-base porphyrins also underwent the cross-coupling reactions efficiently under similar catalytic conditions.
Highly tolerant a-Si distributed Bragg reflector fabricated by oblique angle deposition (2011)

We demonstrate a highly tolerant and highly reflective broadband a-Si distributed Bragg reflector fabricated by oblique angle deposition. By tuning the refractive index of an a-Si film, a high index contrast material system was achieved. The highly tolerant and broadband reflective characteristics of the a-Si distributed Bragg reflector were investigated by calculation and fabrication. A broad stop band (Δλ/λ = 33.7%, R>99%) with only a five-pair a-Si distributed Bragg reflector was achieved experimentally. The size-, feature- and substrate-independent method for highly reflective Bragg reflectors was realized by simple oblique angle evaporation.
Matching pursuit video coding .I. Dictionary approximation (2002)

We have shown in previous works that overcomplete signal decomposition using matching pursuits is an efficient technique for coding motion-residual images in a hybrid video coder. Others have shown that alternate basis sets may improve the coding efficiency or reduce the encoder complexity. In this work, we introduce for the first time a design methodology which incorporates both coding efficiency and complexity in a systematic way. The key to the method is an algorithm which takes an arbitrary 2-D dictionary and generates approximations of the dictionary which have fast two-stage implementations according to the method of Redmill et al. (see Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, p.769-773, 1998). By varying the quality of the approximation, we can explore a systematic tradeoff between the coding efficiency and complexity of the resulting matching pursuit video encoder. As a practical result, we show that complexity reduction factors of up to 1000 are achievable with negligible coding efficiency losses of about 0.1-dB PSNR.
Subpicosecond Faraday effect in Cd1−xMnxTe and its application in magneto-optical sampling (2004)

We present our studies on a subpicosecond Faraday effect in diluted magnetic semiconducting Cd1−xMnxTe single crystals and its application in a magneto-optical (MO) sampling system for time-resolved detection of ultrafast current pulses. The measurements were performed at 10 K. We used the Cd0.38Mn0.62Te crystal as the active MO medium and a low-temperature-grown free-standing GaAs photoconductive switch integrated into a coplanar transmission line as the picosecond electrical pulse generator. We observed subpicosecond MO transients that correspond to the intrinsic MO low-temperature response in the Cd1−xMnxTe system with the high Mn concentration. The current sensitivity of our MO system was found to be ∼0.1mA. We have demonstrated that the MO sampling technique using the Cd0.38Mn0.62Te transducer is as fast as the standard LiTaO3, electro-optical sampling technique and allows for a complementary (magnetic-field component) characterization of electrical picosecond transients in ultrafast switching devices. Observation of the subpicosecond Faraday effect in Cd1−xMnxTe crystals makes them very attractive for ultrafast optical modulators.
<title>Zoom Lens Design</title> (1974)

Our purpose is to present and resolve as best we can various prob-lems that we have encountered in design of zoom lenses by computer optimization. During the past several years we have tried to develop for our own purposes some basic understanding of zoom lenses comparable to the knowledge general to lens designers of how a fixed focus lens works.
Skin Ulcers Misdiagnosed as Pyoderma Gangrenosum (2002)

The misdiagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum is not uncommon and exposes patients to risks associated with its treatment. A thorough evaluation is required in all patients suspected of having pyoderma gangrenosum in order to rule out alternative diagnoses.
Beam dynamics studies on the ISAC RFQ at TRIUMF (2002)

An 8 m long split-ring RFQ linac is being constructed at TRIUMF as part of the ISAC radioactive beam project. The RFQ is designed to accelerate unstable nuclei with q/A/spl ges/1/30 from 2 keV/u to 150 keV/u. Several unusual beam dynamics studies have been pursued during the latter stages of the design. To furnish engineering alignment tolerances, particle tracking in the 10-term potential was performed to estimate the RFQ performance with respect to vane displacement errors; the results are compared with a simple analytical model. In order to explore fringe field effects, particle tracking studies through computed three-dimensional fields at the RFQ entrance and exit were made to optimize the radial matching section (RMS) to the LEBT optics, and to appraise the value of a transition cell. In this paper we describe the methods and results of the beam dynamics simulations and summarize final specifications for the RFQ.
Cloned human T lymphocytes reactive with Dermatophagoides farinae (house dust mite): a comparison of T- and B-cell antigen recognition. (1987)

In this report, T-cell and B-cell recognition of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (D. far.) is compared. Nitrocellulose immunoblots of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)-fractionated D. far. were added to proliferation assays to map the antigen specificity of cloned human helper T cells and a long-term line induced with D. far. T-cell recognition was of a polypeptide of molecular weight 9000-13,000, that migrates with the serologically defined allergen Der fII (12,500 MW). Since the cloned T cells, unlike the polyclonal response, failed to respond to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pter.), this suggests that they recognize a species-specific epitope. In contrast, analysis of the B-cell response using Western blotting demonstrated that, in addition to Der fII, antibodies reactive with the major allergens Der fI (26,000 MW) and Der fIII (29,000 MW) were present in the serum. Similar specificities were seen in the antibody response to D. pter., and while it has been reported that the B-cell response to D. far. and D. pter. are predominantly cross-reactive, our observations suggest that species-specific CD4-positive T cells are present in the overall cellular response to D. far.
Interferon immunosuppression: mediation by a suppressor factor (1980)

Suppression of the in vitro antibody response to sheep erythrocytes by mouse fibroblast interferon occurred by induction of suppressor cell activity in spleen cells. The suppressor cells produced a soluble factor which mediated the immunosuppression. The suppressor factor did not inhibit virus replication; thus, interferon probably regulates the B-cell response by a mechanism that is different from its antiviral effect.
Tribology Magnetic Storage Systems (1993)

The construction and the materials used in different magnetic storage devices are defined. The theories of friction and adhesion, interface temperatures, wear, and solid-liquid lubrication relevant to magnetic storage systems are presented. Experimental data are presented wherever possible to support the relevant theories advanced.
Characterization of the Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity of the Periplasmic Histidine Permease, a Traffic ATPase (ABC Transporter) (1997)

The superfamily of traffic ATPases (ABC transporters) includes bacterial periplasmic transport systems (permeases) and eukaryotic transporters. The histidine permease of Salmonella typhimurium is composed of a membrane-bound complex (HisQMP2) containing four subunits, and of a soluble receptor, the histidine-binding protein (HisJ). Transport is energized by ATP. In this article the ATPase activity of HisQMP2 has been characterized, using a novel assay that is independent of transport. The assay uses Mg2+ ions to permeabilize membrane vesicles or proteoliposomes, thus allowing access of ATP to both sides of the bilayer. HisQMP2 displays a low level of intrinsic ATPase activity in the absence of HisJ; unliganded HisJ stimulates the activity and liganded HisJ stimulates to an even higher level. All three levels of activity display positive cooperativity for ATP with a Hill coefficient of 2 and a K0. 5 value of 0.6 mM. The activity has been characterized with respect to pH, salt, phospholipids, substrate, and inhibitor specificity. Free histidine has no effect. The activity is inhibited by orthovanadate, but not by N-ethylmaleimide, bafilomycin A1, or ouabain. Several nucleotide analogs, ADP, 5'-adenylyl-beta, gamma-imidodiphosphate, adenosine 5'-(beta,gammaimino)triphosphate, and adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate, inhibit the activity. Unliganded HisJ does not compete with liganded HisJ for the stimulation of the ATPase activity of HisQMP2.
Rules of chemokine receptor association with T cell polarization in vivo (2001)

Current concepts of chemokine receptor (CKR) association with Th1 and Th2 cell polarization and effector function have largely ignored the diverse nature of effector and memory T cells in vivo. Here, we systematically investigated the association of 11 CKRs, singly or in combination, with CD4 T cell polarization. We show that Th1, Th2, Th0, and nonpolarized T cells in blood and tissue can express any of the CKRs studied but that each CKR defines a characteristic pool of polarized and nonpolarized CD4 T cells. Certain combinations of CKRs define populations that are markedly enriched in major subsets of Th1 versus Th2 cells. For example, although Th0, Th1, and Th2 cells are each found among blood CD4 T cells coordinately expressing CXCR3 and CCR4, Th1 but not Th2 cells can be CXCR3(+)CCR4(-), and Th2 but only rare Th1 cells are CCR4(+)CXCR3(-). Contrary to recent reports, although CCR7(-) cells contain a higher frequency of polarized CD4 T cells, most Th1 and Th2 effector cells are CCR7(+) and thus may be capable of lymphoid organ homing. Interestingly, Th1-associated CKRs show little or no preference for Th1 cells except when they are coexpressed with CXCR3. We conclude that the combinatorial expression of CKRs, which allow tissue- and subset-dependent targeting of effector cells during chemotactic navigation, defines physiologically significant subsets of polarized and nonpolarized T cells.
Comparative Gene Expression Profiling in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell—Derived Cardiocytes and Human and Cynomolgus Heart Tissue (2012)

Cardiotoxicity is one of the leading causes of drug attrition. Current in vitro models insufficiently predict cardiotoxicity, and there is a need for alternative physiologically relevant models. Here we describe the gene expression profile of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiocytes (iCC) postthaw over a period of 42 days in culture and compare this profile to human fetal and adult as well as adult cynomolgus nonhuman primate (NHP, Macaca fascicularis) heart tissue. Our results indicate that iCC express relevant cardiac markers such as ion channels (SCN5A, KCNJ2, CACNA1C, KCNQ1, and KCNH2), tissue-specific structural markers (MYH6, MYLPF, MYBPC3, DES, TNNT2, and TNNI3), and transcription factors (NKX2.5, GATA4, and GATA6) and lack the expression of stem cell markers (FOXD3, GBX2, NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, and ZFP42). Furthermore, we performed a functional evaluation of contractility of the iCC and showed functional and pharmacological correlations with myocytes isolated from adult NHP hearts. These results suggest that stem cell-derived cardiocytes may represent a novel in vitro model to study human cardiac toxicity with potential ex vivo and in vivo translation.
Novel R2R3-MYB transcription factors from<i>Prunus americana</i>regulate differential patterns of anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco and citrus (2017)

The level of anthocyanins in plants vary widely among cultivars, developmental stages and environmental stimuli. Previous studies have reported that the expression of various MYBs regulate anthocyanin pigmentation during growth and development. Here we examine the activity of 3 novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) genes, PamMybA.1, PamMybA.3 and PamMybA.5 from Prunus americana. The anthocyanin accumulation patterns mediated by CaMV double35S promoter (db35Sp) controlled expression of the TFs in transgenic tobacco were compared with citrus-MoroMybA, Arabidopsis-AtMybA1 and grapevine-VvMybA1 transgenics during their entire growth cycles. The db35Sp-PamMybA.1 and db35Sp-PamMybA.5 constructs induced high levels of anthocyanin accumulation in both transformed tobacco calli and the regenerated plants. The red/purple color pigmentation induced in the PamMybA.1 and PamMybA.5 lines was not uniformly distributed, but appeared as patches in the leaves, whereas the flowers showed intense uniform pigmentation similar to the VvMybA1 expressing lines. MoroMybA and AtMybA1 showed more uniform pink coloration in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Plant morphology, anthocyanin content, seed viability, and transgene inheritance were examined for the PamMybA.5 transgenic plants and compared with the controls. We conclude that these TFs alone are sufficient for activating anthocyanin production in plants and may be used as visible reporter genes for plant transformation. Evaluating these TFs in a heterologous crop species such as citrus further validated that these genes can be useful for the metabolic engineering of anthocyanin production and cultivar enhancement.
Fast-access BiCMOS SRAM architecture with a VSS generator (1990)

A fast-access intermediate supply voltage level BiCMOS SRAM (ISVOL) architecture is proposed for advancing circuit technology to megabit-level SRAMs using low-submicron MOSFETs. To verify this concept's effectiveness, a 256-kb SRAM, with a typical access time of 5 ns, is evaluated and reported. The access time dependence of the supply voltage is shown. This architecture can suppress the access time variance to within 4% for a 15% supply voltage variation
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 by halofuginone is mediated by the Egr1 transcription factor (2012)

Halofuginone, a low-molecular-weight quinazolinone alkaloid that inhibits collagen α1(I), has been shown to suppress cancer growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. These activities were attributed in part to the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). The present study was carried out to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this effect. We found a marked (50%) inhibition in MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity in human breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells pretreated with as little as 50 ng/ml of halofuginone, a concentration that markedly inhibited their invasive and proliferative capacities. We further show that both early growth response 1 (Egr-1) and Nab-2 (corepressor of Egr1 activation) are upregulated by halofuginone in a dose-dependent and time-dependent (up to 5 h) manner. Using MMP-2 reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, we found that Egr-1 binds to the MMP-2 promoter and inhibits its activity. Altogether, our results identify the downstream elements (Egr-1, Nab-2, and MMP-2) by which halofuginone exerts its antitumoral effect, thereby advancing its potential therapeutic application as an anticancer drug.
An alternative differential gradient edge contrast operator suitable for use within high speed pyramid-based imaging systems (2002)

Numerous edge operators, kernels and directional filters have been proposed, and edge detection is a well-established and mature area of computer vision. Despite this, in developing a real-time, pyramid-based imaging system, inadequacies in the standard, commonly used techniques have lead us to implement an alternate set of simple directional filters that combine to act as an edge contrast operator fulfilling the familiar requirements for: (1) speed, and (2) a high localization of response. Within our application, this operator set is proving superior to the classical kernels at preserving the key requirement (2) as the operator's edge response energies are propagated up to pyramid levels of lower resolution for further recursive processing. Our scheme is shown to provide an unified response to both step and line edge types, and acceptable responses in the presence of anticipated noise levels. The method is direct and of low complexity and general utility.
Short-Range Order and Unusual Modes of Nickel Redox in a Fluorine-Substituted Disordered Rocksalt Oxide Lithium-Ion Cathode (2018)

Fluorine substitution for oxygen in cation-disordered lithium-excess transition metal oxides (Li1+xTM1–xO2) used as lithium-ion cathodes was recently demonstrated to improve the reversibility of the processes taking place on charge and discharge by reducing the amount of oxygen loss on charge and preventing major structural rearrangements at high voltage. Yet, little is understood about how fluorine incorporates the oxide structure and impacts its electrochemical properties. Here, we use a combination of experimental (solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy) and theoretical techniques (density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo simulations) to investigate the evolution of the local structure around fluorine and lithium and the oxidation state of redox-active nickel during charge and discharge of the Li1.15Ni0.45Ti0.3Mo0.1O1.85F0.15 (LNF15) cathode. We show that fluorine doping introduces short-range order in as-synthesized LNF15 by incorporating in lithium-rich sites with five or six lithium nearest neighbors. We observe the emergence of new signals in the ex situ 19F NMR spectra taken at high states of charge, which we tentatively assign to undercoordinated, diamagnetic fluorine environments seen in our computed models. Our theoretical results also suggest that octahedral nickel ions directly bonded to fluorine follow a different oxidation mechanism than those surrounded by six oxygens, forming Ni3+ intermediates instead of oxidizing from Ni2+ directly to Ni4+. While the oxidation of Ni2+ toward Ni4+ is incomplete in oxides, due to overlap between the oxygen and the nickel valence states, this result suggests that fluorination may be an efficient strategy to utilize the Ni2+/Ni4+ redox reservoir to a greater extent.
A new current-fed, isolated PWM DC-DC converter (1996)

This paper introduces a new current-fed DC-DC power converter circuit whose features are as follows: (1) two active switches gated in a complementary and asymmetrical way, connected to the same ground; (2) inherent high reliability provided by the input boost inductor; (3) isolation by a high-frequency transformer; and (4) purely capacitive output filter. Circuit operation, theoretical analysis, and design procedure are presented. Experimental results taken from a prototype, rated at 48 V/300 W, are also included in the paper to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Unusual Oligomerization Required for Activity of NtrC, a Bacterial Enhancer-Binding Protein (1997)

Nitrogen regulatory protein C (NtrC) contacts a bacterial RNA polymerase from distant enhancers by means of DNA loops and activates transcription by allowing polymerase to gain access to the template DNA strand. It was shown that NtrC from Salmonella typhimurium must build large oligomers to activate transcription. In contrast to eukaryotic enhancer-binding proteins, most of which must bind directly to DNA, some NtrC dimers were bound solely by protein-protein interactions. NtrC oligomers were visualized with scanning force microscopy. Evidence of their functional importance was provided by showing that some inactive non-DNA-binding and DNA-binding mutant forms of NtrC can cooperate to activate transcription.