gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 32mW 1.25GS/s 6b 2b/step SAR ADC in 0.13¿m CMOS (2008)

ADCs with 6b resolution and gigahertz sampling frequency are widely used in serial links, magnetic recording systems and UWB receivers. Flash ADCs have been dominantly used for these applications. This paper presents an ADC that takes advantage of the high-speed digital logic and highly matched small capacitors in deep-submicron digital CMOS processes to achieve similar performance, but with lower power consumption than flash ADCs. Unlike many previously published low-power high-speed ADCs based on time-interleaved SAR, this ADC has only 2 clock-cycle latency (1.6ns at 1.25GS/s) and achieves 6b performance without any digital post-processing or off-line calibration, making it a plug- in replacement for conventional flash ADCs in many applications.
The Mechanism of Cell Death in Human Cultured Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line COLO 201 Induced by .BETA.-D-N-Acetylglucosaminyl-p-Nitrophenol. (2001)

COLO 201, human colon adenocarcinoma cells were incubated with artificial primers, p-nitrophenyl-glycoside derivatives at 1.0 mmol (mM) in the medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum to detect sugar chain elongation. However, when p-nitrophenyl-beta-N-acetylglucosamine (beta-GlcNAc-PNP) was added, the medium changed color to yellow and the cells were dead. To explain this finding, the cells were incubated with 1.0 mM each of beta-GlcNAc-PNP and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-N-acetylglucosamine, then the number of living cells was measured in a time course. In beta-GlcNAc-PNP, the living cells were decreased at 24 hours. The cells were survived with N-acetylglucosamine, whereas in the presence of p-nitrophenol (PNP) the living cells were decreased. It was suggested that PNP released from beta-GlcNAc-PNP induced the cell death. Activity of beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase was detected in fetal bovine serum. It was shown that PNP induced the cell death in time-and-dose dependent manner. Genomic DNA from COLO 201 analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis was fragmentated. PNP analogues were tested for toxicity, and the results suggested that the phenolic OH-group linked to benzene ring and nitro-group linked to the structure in para-form (PNP) was the most effective.
Planar laser-induced fluorescence of OH in a chemically reacting boundary layer (1988)

Planar laser-induced fluorescence of hydroxyl radicals has been performed in a reacting boundary layer with emphasis on resolving the complications of performing these measurements in the vicinity of a wall. Excitation of the (1, 0) band of the A(2)Sigma-X(2)II transition at 282 nm coupled with detection of the fluorescence from the (1, 1) and (0, 0) bands near 310-nm minimized interference due to scattered light from the flow apparatus. A silicon intensified target detector provided 2-D images of hydroxyl radical concentration in the reacting boundary layer enabling visualization of ignition. Results are shown for the ignition of ethane-air mixtures over heated quartz or platinum surfaces highlighting the utility of the technique.
Hole-mobility limit of amorphous silicon solar cells (2006)

We present temperature-dependent measurements and modeling for a thickness series of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nip solar cells. The comparison indicates that the maximum power density (PMAX) from the as-deposited cells has achieved the hole-mobility limit established by valence bandtail trapping, and PMAX is thus not significantly limited by intrinsic-layer dangling bonds or by the doped layers and interfaces. Measurements of the temperature-dependent properties of light-soaked cells show that the properties of as-deposited and light-soaked cells converge below 250 K; a model perturbing the valence band tail traps with a density of dangling bonds accounts adequately for the convergence effect.
2-Ketocyclohexanecarboxyl Coenzyme A Hydrolase, the Ring Cleavage Enzyme Required for Anaerobic Benzoate Degradation by <i>Rhodopseudomonas palustris</i> (1998)

2-Ketocyclohexanecarboxyl coenzyme A (2-ketochc-CoA) hydrolase has been proposed to catalyze an unusual hydrolytic ring cleavage reaction as the last unique step in the pathway of anaerobic benzoate degradation by bacteria. This enzyme was purified from the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris by sequential Q-Sepharose, phenyl-Sepharose, gel filtration, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The sequence of the 25 N-terminal amino acids of the purified hydrolase was identical to the deduced amino acid sequence of the badI gene, which is located in a cluster of genes involved in anaerobic degradation of aromatic acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of badI indicates that 2-ketochc-CoA hydrolase is a member of the crotonase superfamily of proteins. Purified BadI had a molecular mass of 35 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a native molecular mass of 134 kDa as determined by gel filtration. This indicates that the native form of the enzyme is a homotetramer. The purified enzyme was insensitive to oxygen and catalyzed the hydration of 2-ketochc-CoA to yield pimelyl-CoA with a specific activity of 9.7 micromol min(-1) mg of protein(-1). Immunoblot analysis using polyclonal antiserum raised against the purified hydrolase showed that the synthesis of BadI is induced by growth on benzoate and other proposed benzoate pathway intermediates but not by growth on pimelate or succinate. An R. palustris mutant, carrying a chromosomal disruption of badI, did not grow with benzoate and other proposed benzoate pathway intermediates but had wild-type doubling times on pimelate and succinate. These data demonstrate that BadI, the 2-ketochc-CoA hydrolase, is essential for anaerobic benzoate metabolism by R. palustris.
Pulmonary surfactant protein A stimulates chemotaxis of alveolar macrophage (1993)

Pulmonary surfactant modulates several functions of alveolar macrophages including phagocytosis, killing, and chemotaxis. We hypothesized that the reported stimulatory effect of surfactant on macrophage migration was mediated by one of the surfactant proteins, SP-A. We found that macrophage migration was stimulated by SP-A in a concentration-dependent manner. A concentration of 105 micrograms SP-A/ml enhanced migration approximately 10-fold. Heat treatment or reduction and alkylation of SP-A reduced its stimulatory effect. A checker-board analysis showed that SP-A stimulated migration primarily by enhancing chemotaxis (directed movement) rather than chemokinesis (random movement). The interaction of SP-A with macrophages may be mediated at least partly by the collagen-like domain of SP-A. We speculate that SP-A may play a multifunctional role in regulating pulmonary immune response by stimulating multiple macrophage functions.
THE AFFINITY OF THE VANADYL(IV) ION FOR NITROGEN DONOR LIGANDS (1994)

Abstract The affinity of the VO2+ ion for nitrogen donor ligands is discussed in terms of predictions made previously. A dual basicity equation predicts logK1(NH3) = 3.0 for VO2+. Equations that model the chelate effect are used to show that this is a reasonable prediction. In accord with experience, the vanadyl ammines should be hydrolyzed in aqueous solution, as should also the ethylenediamine complexes. The formation constants of VO2+ with a variety of more hydrolysis-resistant chelating nitrogen donor ligands, 2,2′-bipyridyl, 1,10-phenathroline, o-aminomethyl-pyridine, 2-(2-pyridyl)-imidazole, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine, di-2-pyridyl-amine, 2,2′,2″-terpyridyl, and picolinic acid, are reported, determined by glass electrode potentiometry. It is shown that these formation constants are consistent with the predicted logK1(NH3) for VO2+, supporting the validity of the dual basicity equation use.
The Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Gene Alone Is Sufficient To Induce Carcinomas in Transgenic Animals (1999)

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of certain human cancers. HPV type 16 (HPV16) is the papillomavirus most frequently associated with cervical cancer in women. The E6 and E7 genes of HPV are expressed in cells derived from these cancers and can transform cells in tissue culture. Animal experiments have demonstrated that E6 and E7 together cause tumors. We showed previously that E6 and E7 together or E7 alone could induce skin tumors in mice when these genes were expressed in the basal epithelia of the skin. In this study, we investigated the role that the E6 gene plays in carcinogenesis. We generated K14E6 transgenic mice, in which the HPV16 E6 gene was directed in its expression by the human keratin 14 promoter (hK14) to the basal layer of the epidermis. We found that E6 induced cellular hyperproliferation and epidermal hyperplasia and caused skin tumors in adult mice. Interestingly, the tumors derived from E6 were mostly malignant, as opposed to the tumors from E7 mice, which were mostly benign. This result leads us to hypothesize that E6 may contribute differently than E7 to HPV-associated carcinogenesis; whereas E7 primarily contributes to the early stages of carcinogenesis that lead to the formation of benign tumors, E6 primarily contributes to the late stages of carcinogenesis that lead to malignancy.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyindole and Its Evaluation for Rechargeable Battery Applications (1998)

The electrochemical synthesis of polyindole upon anodic oxidation of indole in dichloromethane containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) is reported. The air‐stable polyindole films were obtained by sweeping the potential between −0.2 and 1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl as well as at constant potential (1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl) and constant current (0.2–0.3 mA/cm2). The conductivities of such films were found to lie in the range 0.1–1 S cm−1. The behavior of the polymer was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The electrochemically produced polyindole was studied as active material for secondary batteries in aqueous electrolyte. A Zn/1 M /polyindole cell gave a maximum capacity of 90 Ah kg−1 and an open‐circuit potential of 1.45 V. This battery showed good reversibility and good coulombic efficiency.
sAPP as a regulator of dendrite motility and melanin release in epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells (2003)

Numerous factors including ultraviolet (UV) radiation and growth factors regulate the specific function of epidermal melanocytes. A recently discovered epidermal growth factor is sAPP, the soluble N-terminal ectodomain of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Using whole mount preparations of isolated human epidermis, we detected a small population of basal cells, which expressed exceptionally high levels of APP. These cells were identified as melanocytes, which, similar to keratinocytes and neuronal cells, expressed the three APP isoforms 695, 751, and 770. They differed in their expression pattern from that of neuronal cells by expressing only low levels of APP 695. Melanocytes and melanoma cells in vitro released, in addition to keratinocytes, large quantities of sAPP. Because of its growth factor function, we studied possible effects of sAPP on melanocytes. Recombinant sAPP strongly increased lamellipodia activity at dendritic tips, an effect that coincided with increased release of melanin particles. Our observations point to the possible use of APP as an immunocytochemical marker for melanocytes. They suggest that sAPP derived from keratinocytes and/or melanocytes belongs to a family of factors operating in the paracrine and/or autocrine regulation of melanocyte function.
Biomechanical Comparison of Open and Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedures (2013)

The reduction of translation in a pure abduction position of the arm is more effectively performed with a conventional open Latarjet technique that includes a capsular repair. In combined ABER position, there was no difference found between the open and arthroscopic Latarjet techniques.
DNA: An SDN framework for distributed network analytics (2015)

Analytics of network telemetry data helps address many important operational problems. Traditional Big Data approaches run into limitations even as they push scale boundaries for processing data further. One reason for this is the fact that in many cases, the bottleneck for analytics is not analytics processing itself but the generation and export of the data on which analytics depends. The amount of data that can be reasonably collected from the network runs into inherent limitations due to bandwidth and processing constraints in the network itself. In addition, management tasks related to determining and configuring which data to generate lead to significant deployment challenges. In order to address these issues, we propose a novel distributed solution to network analytics. Analytics processing is performed at the source of the data by specialized agents embedded within network devices, which also dynamically set up and reconfigure telemetry data sources as required by an analytics task. An SDN controller application orchestrates network analytics tasks across the network to allow users to interact with the network as a whole instead of individual devices one at a time. The solution has been implemented as a proof-of-concept, called DNA (Distributed Network Analytics) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Wavelength tunable CW Raman fibre ring laseroperating at 1486–1551 nm (2001)

A continuous-wave, wavelength tunable Raman fibre ring laser has been demonstrated operating at 1485–1551 nm with peak output power of over 400 mW, pumped at 1420 nm by a 1.58 W fibre laser.
Lithium/Sulfur Cell Discharge Mechanism: An Original Approach for Intermediate Species Identification (2012)

The lithium/sulfur battery is a promising electrochemical system that has a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g(-1), but its discharge mechanism is well-known to be a complex multistep process. As the active material dissolves during cycling, this discharge mechanism was investigated through the electrolyte characterization. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-visible absorption, and electron spin resonance spectroscopies, we investigated the electrolyte composition at different discharge potentials in a TEGDME-based electrolyte. In this study, we propose a possible mechanism for sulfur reduction consisting of three steps. Long polysulfide chains are produced during the first reduction step (2.4-2.2 V vs Li(+)/Li), such as S(8)(2-) and S(6)(2-), as evidenced by UV and HPLC data. The S(3)(•-) radical can also be found in solution because of a disproportionation reaction. S(4)(2-) is produced during the second reduction step (2.15-2.1 V vs Li(+)/Li), thus pointing out the gradual decrease of the polysulfide chain lengths. Finally, short polysulfide species, such as S(3)(2-), S(2)(2-), and S(2-), are produced at the end of the reduction process, i.e., between 2.1 and 1.9 V vs Li(+)/Li. The precipitation of the poorly soluble and insulating short polysulfide compounds was evidenced, thus leading to the positive electrode passivation and explaining the early end of discharge.
An aluminum nitride package for 300°C operation (2002)

There has long been a need for electronics that can operate at high temperatures. Applications that could make use of 300/spl deg/C packages include deep well drilling sensors and the direct mounting of packages to high temperature engines of all types. Only recently have IC chips been developed that can survive continuous operating temperatures up to 300/spl deg/C. Unfortunately, current packaging technology cannot handle these high temperatures. This paper will detail a packaging technique that will survive continuous operating temperatures up to 300/spl deg/C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical results of an investigation of paediatric upper limb myoelectric prosthesis fitting at the Quebec rehabilitation institute (2001)

This study was designed to investigate the satisfaction level of young users of myoelectric prostheses who received an upper limb myoelectric prosthesis, to assess their dropout rate and to identify which factors influence the use or non-use of the upper limb myoelectric prosthesis in the eastern part of Quebec (Canada). The users were fitted between 1990 and 1999 at the Quebec Rehabilitation Institute, a major rehabilitation centre located in the province of Quebec. This rehabilitation centre provides cutting-edge expertise not only for the eastern part of Quebec, but also across the entire province, because it is one of only two highly specialised centres serving all of Quebec. A literature review was completed to compile the results obtained in other rehabilitation centres and to identify factors influencing the use or non-use of paediatric upper limb myoelectric prostheses. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST) was used in order to assess the degree to which the children were satisfied with their prostheses. Eighteen (18) children were fitted and trained to use an upper limb myoelectric prosthesis. A total of 10 children and parents agreed to participate. Some 80% of participants said that they were satisfied with their prostheses. A dropout rate of 53% for the overall group (participants and non-participants) seems high compared with that of other studies. Recommendations linked to factors identified in the literature are made. The authors conclude that a multidisciplinary team and structured training and follow-up can improve the clinical results pertaining to all the factors proposed in the literature.
Final report - Can Tho subproject (2003)

The objective of the Urban Upgrading Project for Vietnam is to eliminate hunger and reduce poverty in the urban areas by upgrading/improving the living conditions and environment of the poor people living in urban areas, using planning methods with the participation of communities. Social impacts resulting or coming from resettlement include: temporary use of land during construction; permanent land acquisition, households at edge of canal and entrances to alleyways; temporary and permanent impacts on shops and small businesses; relocation, transitional, household, and employment impacts in relocated households; and replacement of site infrastructure and social services. Mitigation measures include: a) minimize resettlement and land acquisition by considering and selecting most ultimate option; b) compensation, resettlement, and livelihood restoration programs should improve or at least maintain the living conditions of displaced persons (DPs) as those before the project and ensure their participation in the project; c) DPs must be supported adequately to be relocated with allowance for moving and other compensation with replacement price for affected house, land, and other assets; and d) effective and timely design, planning and implementation of resettlement options, and livelihood restoration measures must be carried out to avoid any unnecessary delays and disadvantages for DPs. Besides, internal and independent monitoring organizations must be arranged for all activities of resettlement.
Fourier Transform Moire Deflectometry for Measuring the 3-D Temperature Field (2000)

Fourier transform evaluation of fringe phase is applied to Moire deflectometry. 3 D gas temperature distribution for a given layer is reconstructed by optical tomography. The results show that the high precise and automatic measurement for the 3 D gas temperature field can be realized by this technique.
Lithium Di(Trifluoroethyl)Dithiocarbamate: An Alternative Reagent For The Preparation Of Di (Trifluoroethyl) Dithiocarbamate Metal Chelates (1980)

Abstract The lithium di(trifIuoroethyl)dithiocarbamate was synthesized in high yield. This new reagent offers a convenient alternative for the preparation of di(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate metal chelates, derivatives with increased thermal stability which arc amenable to high sensitivity detection with selective GC detection.
The ER-Bound RING Finger Protein 5 (RNF5/RMA1) Causes Degenerative Myopathy in Transgenic Mice and Is Deregulated in Inclusion Body Myositis (2008)

Growing evidence supports the importance of ubiquitin ligases in the pathogenesis of muscular disorders, although underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here we show that the expression of RNF5 (aka RMA1), an ER-anchored RING finger E3 ligase implicated in muscle organization and in recognition and processing of malfolded proteins, is elevated and mislocalized to cytoplasmic aggregates in biopsies from patients suffering from sporadic-Inclusion Body Myositis (sIBM). Consistent with these findings, an animal model for hereditary IBM (hIBM), but not their control littermates, revealed deregulated expression of RNF5. Further studies for the role of RNF5 in the pathogenesis of s-IBM and more generally in muscle physiology were performed using RNF5 transgenic and KO animals. Transgenic mice carrying inducible expression of RNF5, under control of beta-actin or muscle specific promoter, exhibit an early onset of muscle wasting, muscle degeneration and extensive fiber regeneration. Prolonged expression of RNF5 in the muscle also results in the formation of fibers containing congophilic material, blue-rimmed vacuoles and inclusion bodies. These phenotypes were associated with altered expression and activity of ER chaperones, characteristic of myodegenerative diseases such as s-IBM. Conversely, muscle regeneration and induction of ER stress markers were delayed in RNF5 KO mice subjected to cardiotoxin treatment. While supporting a role for RNF5 Tg mice as model for s-IBM, our study also establishes the importance of RNF5 in muscle physiology and its deregulation in ER stress associated muscular disorders.
Samuel F. B. Morse (1990)

List of illustrations Preface 1. Education 2. Itinerancy 3. House of Representatives 4. New York 5. National Academy of Design 6. Gallery of the Louvre 7. Electromagnetism 8. Epilogue Notes Appendix I. Key to Morse's picture of the House of Representatives Appendix II. Descriptive catalogue of the pictures, thirty-seven in number, from the most celebrated masters, copies into the Gallery of the Louvre Checklist of paintings and sculpture Selected bibliography Index.
Snapshot Raman Spectral Imager (2010)

Abstract : Report developed under topic #A09A-T009, contract W911NF-09-C-0153. Applied Quantum Technologies along with its university partner Duke University conducted, during a Phase I STTR contract, the design of a coded-aperture snapshot Raman imager. The snapshot system design provides dwell times much shorter than conventional slit-based or tunable-filter based spectral imagers. A deep ultra-violet or short-wave infrared excitation source allows for minimal sample fluorescence, making the system able to cope with target signatures in a wide variety of backgrounds. While the majority of Raman systems available are point-based, having imaging capabilities permits wide area coverage at a fraction of the time of point-based systems. By utilizing compressed sensing algorithms, large amounts of spatial and spectral information can be acquired using the limited pixel counts available in detector arrays.