gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue factor gene expression in the adipose tissues of obese mice (1998)

Altered expression of proteins of the fibrinolytic and coagulation cascades in obesity may contribute to the cardiovascular risk associated with this condition. We previously reported that plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is dramatically up-regulated in the plasma and adipose tissues of genetically obese mice. This change may disturb normal hemostatic balance and create a severe hypofibrinolytic state. Here we show that tissue factor (TF) gene expression also is significantly elevated in the epididymal and subcutaneous fat pads from ob/ob mice compared with their lean counterparts, and that its level of expression in obese mice increases with age and the degree of obesity. Cell fractionation and in situ hybridization analysis of adipose tissues indicate that TF mRNA is increased in adipocytes and in unidentified stromal vascular cells. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is known to be elevated in the adipose tissue of obese mice, and administration of TGF-beta increased TF mRNA expression in adipocytes in vivo and in vitro. These observations raise the possibility that TF and TGF-beta may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease that accompanies obesity and related non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and that the adipocyte plays a key role in this process. The recent demonstration that TF also influences angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and signaling suggests that its exact role in adipose tissue physiology/pathology, may be complex.
An Overview of Halon 1301 Systems (1975)

A symposium to focus upon the mechanism by which halogenated extinguishants operate is commendable, and I am honored to be a participant. This paper does not speak directly to the mechanism of halogenated agents, or even of Halon 1301, but instead speaks around it. In the thirty-odd years since Halon 1301 was first synthesized, the Du Pont Company has assumed a major role in developing practical application data on this agent for the fire protection industry. Although virtually none of this effort has been aimed directly at mechanisms, there are nevertheless many relationships which have been observed and which must be explained by a valid mechanism. Further, perhaps an awareness of these relationships in light of the papers which follow will help to form the nucleus of a viable mechanism. These relationships include differences in extinguishing requirements between agents, between fuels, between methods of application, between conditions of application, and
Muscarinic acetylcholine responses in the early embryonic chic retina (1994)

The action of acetylcholine on cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was studied in early embryonic chick retinae. Whole neural retinae were isolated from embryonic day 3 (E3) chicks and loaded with a Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye (Fura-2). Increases in [Ca2+]i were evoked by the puff application of acetylcholine at concentrations higher than 0.1 microM. The Ca2+ response became larger in a dose-dependent manner up to 10 microM of acetylcholine applied. The rise in [Ca2+]i was not due to the influx of Ca2+ through calcium channels, but to the release of Ca2+ from internal stores. A calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine, which completely blocks the Ca2+ rise caused by depolarization with 100 mM K+, had no effects on the acetylcholine response and the Ca2+ response to acetylcholine occurred even in a Ca(2+)-free medium. The Ca2+ response to acetylcholine was mediated by muscarinic receptors. Atropine of 1 microM abolished the response to 10 microM acetylcholine, whereas d-tubocurarine of 100 microM had no effects. Two muscarinic agonists, muscarine and carbamylcholine (100 microM each), evoked comparable responses with that to 10 microM acetylcholine. The developmental change of the muscarinic response was examined from E3 to E13. The Ca2+ response to 100 microM carbamylcholine was intense at E3-E5, then rapidly declined until E8. The muscarinic Ca2+ mobilization we found in the early embryonic chick retina may be regarded as a part of the "embryonic muscarinic system" proposed by Drew's group, which appears transiently and ubiquitously at early embryonic stages in relation to organogenesis.
Growth Factor Signaling for Cardioprotection Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis (2003)

The heart is subjected to oxidative stress during various clinical situations, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and anthracycline chemotherapy. The loss of cardiac myocytes is the major problem in heart failure; thus, it is important to protect cardiac myocytes against cell death. Various growth factors, including insulin like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, endothelin-1, fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor, have been shown to protect the heart against oxidative stress. The mechanism of growth factor-mediated cardioprotection may involve the attenuation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis. The present article summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of growth factor-mediated antiapoptotic signaling in cardiac myocytes. Insulin-like growth factor-1 activates phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Recent data showed that GATA-4 might be an important mediator of cardiac myocyte survival by endothelin-1 and hepatocyte growth factor. These growth factors, as well as mediators of growth factor-signaling, may be useful in therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury.
Light Source, Excitation, and High Temperature Cell Assembly for Raman Spectroscopy (1961)

A Toronto-style light source and the excitation circuit designed for use with a Hilger E612 recording Raman spectrometer in this laboratory are described. The electrical circuits and accessories are designed for automatic or manual start and with safety devices for protection in event of various component failures. For measurements on specimens at elevated temperatures, a simple cell assembly capable of use at temperatures up to 575 °C with a gradient of not more than ±5°C at the maximum temperature limit is described.
<title>Novel microstructures for low-distortion chip-to-chip interconnects</title> (1991)

To shift the onset of skin resistance in off-chip interconnects novel microstructures are proposed as a method to maximize conductor surface area for a given pitch. We consider lines of Scm length operating at 1GHz with ~6dB attenuation. Assuming thin but wide lines (aspect ratio 10:1) for low distortion then conventional microstrip lines would require a 5Oim pitch theoretical study shows that a vertical coplanar line essentially a tall double-strip coplanar line could be packed twice as densely. Circuit theory and field theory which accounts for fringing are used to predict a reduction in high frequency resistance in laminated microstrip lines as well. Reduction in resistance was observed in a large-scale model of a transposed multiple-conductor microstrip line. Microfabrication of phase-velocity matched laminated lines demonstrated the difficulty of matching material constants emphasizing the relative strength of transposed laminated lines which do not require matching.
Chemical and Biological Applications of Porous Silicon Technology (2000)

Bio- and chemical sensing, biomaterials, and in vivo electronics are some of the latest advances for porous silicon (p-Si) discussed in this review. p-Si is extremely versatile owing largely to its well-known luminescence properties (the Figure shows photoluminescence from patterned p-Si), high surface area, and facile synthesis, while recent techniques for “soft” chemical functionalization allow a high level of control over the interfacial characteristics.
Stress compensation with antireflection coatings for ultrafast laser applications: from theory to practice (2014)

Each complicated coating, in particular, a dispersive mirror consists of dozens of layers. Thin films layers have mechanical stresses. After summing up stresses from all layers, the resulting stress is high enough to bend even a relatively thick substrate. To avoid this effect we suggest depositing an antireflection coating (AR) at the back-side of the substrate which together with suppression of unwanted reflections from the back side will also compensate this stress. We demonstrate unique, extremely thick and sophisticated AR coating consisting of 71 layers with the total physical thickness of 7.5 µm. This AR coating completely compensates stress from the dispersive mirror coated on the front side and minimizes unwanted reflections.
Altered Metastatic Behavior of Human Breast Cancer Cells after Experimental Manipulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 Gene Expression (2004)

Previous work in our laboratory led to the cloning, from the same parent tumor cell line (MDA-MB-435), of two human breast cancer cell lines (M-4A4 and NM-2C5) with opposite metastatic phenotypes. Additional investigations revealed that the nonmetastatic cell line NM-2C5 overexpressed the neutrophil collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, relative to its partner. Because other studies have implicated the MMP family in promoting tumor metastasis, we investigated the apparently paradoxical expression of MMP-8 in these cell lines. By genetic engineering, we inverted its relative levels of expression in the two partners and studied the effects on the behavior of the tumors that they generated in athymic mice. Knock-down of expression in NM-2C5 cells by transduction with a sequence encoding a specific ribozyme and overexpression of MMP-8 in M-4A4 cells by retroviral transduction both strikingly changed metastatic performance in opposite directions, indicating that this gene plays a role in the regulation of tumor metastasis.
How many metals does it take to fix N <sub>2</sub> ? A mechanistic overview of biological nitrogen fixation (2006)

During the process of biological nitrogen fixation, the enzyme nitrogenase catalyzes the ATP-dependent reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. Nitrogenase consists of two component metalloproteins, the iron (Fe) protein and the molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein; the Fe protein mediates the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to interprotein electron transfer, whereas the active site of the MoFe protein contains the polynuclear FeMo cofactor, a species composed of seven iron atoms, one molybdenum atom, nine sulfur atoms, an interstitial light atom, and one homocitrate molecule. This Perspective provides an overview of biological nitrogen fixation and introduces three contributions to this special feature that address central aspects of the mechanism and assembly of nitrogenase.
Modelling and optimization of micro optofluidic lenses (2009)

This paper reports the modelling and experimental results of a liquid-core liquid-cladding optofluidic lens. The lens is based on three laminar streams in a circular chamber. The stream lines and the curvature of the interface can be predicted accurately using the theory of two-dimensional dipole flow in a circularly bounded domain. The model establishes basic relations between the flow rate ratio of the core/cladding streams and the radius of curvature and consequently the focal length of the lens. Compared to a rectangular chamber, this new circular design allows the formation of a liquid-core liquid-cladding lens with perfect curvatures. The circular design allows tuning a perfect curvature ranging from the chamber radius itself to infinity. The test device with a circular lens chamber with 1 mm diameter and 50 microm height was fabricated in PDMS. The lens shape as well as the stream lines were characterized using fluorescent dye and tracing particles. Experimental results agree well with the analytical results predicted by the model.
CCCII.—Application of the Grignard reaction to some acetylenic compounds. Part I. Preparation of diacetylenic glycols (1923)

F. J. Wilson and W. M. Hyslop, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1923, 123, 2612 DOI: 10.1039/CT9232302612
Novel inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase localizes at membrane ruffles. (2000)

The GenBank™ accession number for PIPP is AB032551.
Nonlinear ECG filtering by group normalized wavelet packets (2002)

The group normalized wavelet packet transform is presented to extract ECG components from the additive noise on time-frequency tilings together with the time-frequency masking technique. FIR filters with linear phase is the natural requirement for anti-aliasing. However, linear phase compactly supported real wavelet packets are non-orthogonal so that coefficients at different scale have correlated redundancy and destroy the energy conservation. We design group-normalization to make our entropy definition follow a comparable standard.
Nodal Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Growth (2012)

Nodal is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily that plays critical roles during embryogenesis. Recent studies in ovarian, breast, prostate, and skin cancer cells suggest that Nodal also regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in cancer cells. However, it appears to exert both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting effects, depending on the cell type. To further understand the role of Nodal in tumorigenesis, we examined the effect of Nodal in glioblastoma cell growth and spheroid formation using U87 cell line. Treatment of U87 with recombinant Nodal significantly increased U87 cell growth. In U87 cells stably transfected with the plasmid encoding Nodal, Smad2 phosphorylation was strongly induced and cell growth was significantly enhanced. Overexpression of Nodal also resulted in tight spheroid formation. On the other hand, the cells stably transfected with Nodal siRNA formed loose spheroids. Nodal is known to signal through activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4) and ALK7 and the Smad2/3 pathway. To determine which receptor and Smad mediate the growth promoting effect of Nodal, we transfected siRNAs targeting ALK4, ALK7, Smad2, or Smad3 into Nodal-overexpressing cells and observed that cell growth was significantly inhibited by ALK4, ALK7, and Smad3 siRNAs. Taken together, these findings suggest that Nodal may have tumor-promoting effects on glioblastoma cells and these effects are mediated by ALK4, ALK7, and Smad3.
<i>Ab Initio</i>Infrared Absorption Study of the Hydrogen-Bond Symmetrization in Ice (1998)

We computed from first principles the infrared spectrum of ice at high pressure in the molecular phases VIII and VII and in the symmetric phase X by performing Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations and evaluating the electronic polarization by means of the Berry phase formulation. The theoretical spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data and let us establish an unambiguous correspondence between the infrared spectrum and the underlying structure of the three different phases of ice.
Neural edge enhancer for supervised edge enhancement from noisy images (2003)

We propose a new edge enhancer based on a modified multilayer neural network, which is called a neural edge enhancer (NEE), for enhancing the desired edges clearly from noisy images. The NEE is a supervised edge enhancer: Through training with a set of input noisy images and teaching edges, the NEE acquires the function of a desired edge enhancer. The input images are synthesized from noiseless images by addition of noise. The teaching edges are made from the noiseless images by performing the desired edge enhancer. To investigate the performance, we carried out experiments to enhance edges from noisy artificial and natural images. By comparison with conventional edge enhancers, the following was demonstrated: The NEE was robust against noise, was able to enhance continuous edges from noisy images, and was superior to the conventional edge enhancers in similarity to the desired edges. To gain insight into the nonlinear kernel of the NEE, we performed analyses on the trained NEE. The results suggested that the trained NEE acquired directional gradient operators with smoothing. Furthermore, we propose a method for edge localization for the NEE. We compared the NEE, together with the proposed edge localization method, with a leading edge detector. The NEE was proven to be useful for enhancing edges from noisy images.
内蒙古西部贺兰山和东部白音敖包未来20年降水趋势预测 (2004)

采用毛毛虫-奇异谱分析法(Caterpillar-SSA), 经过嵌套、奇异值分解、聚合、对角线平均等过程, 对内蒙古西部贺兰山和东部白音敖包未来20年的季节降水的自然变化趋势进行了预测. 结果表明, 1992~2004年, 两地降水有增加的趋势, 随后减少, 2012~2014年前后, 两地都将是降水最少的时期. 贺兰山北部5~7月的降水量在2013~2014年减少所导致的干旱程度有可能与1929年前后的干旱相当, 随后降水将有所增加.
Breast Fibroadenoma: Mapping of Pathophysiologic Features with Three-Time-Point, Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging—Pilot Study (1999)

The capability of three-time-point, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to depict vascular permeability and extracellular volume fraction of breast fibroadenoma was evaluated with histopathologic correlation. This method demonstrated an even distribution of high extracellular volume fraction and low to moderate microvascular permeability in these common breast lesions, providing a nonsurgical means of improving the accuracy of diagnosis of fibroadenoma.
The history of the manufacture of soap (1939)

(1939). The history of the manufacture of soap. Annals of Science: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 169-190.
A transient transformation system for duckweed (Wolffia columbiana) using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer (2001)

Since duckweed (Lemnaceae family) is a valuable target plant for various applications including waste water treatment and food purposes, the expression of homologous or heterologous proteins may offer an extended range of application. Therefore, the feasability of transformation of Wolffia columbiana (Lemnaceae) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer has been elucidated. Several methods were tested to increase the accessibility of the plant cells for the infecting Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404, harboring p35SGUSINT: corundum- and gold particle-treatment, vacuum infiltration and disintegration of the fronds. The resulting overall transformation efficieney was higher than without any treatment, reaching an average of 3.9 % of all fronds showing GUS staining. Induction of Agrobacterium's vir genes by media conditions as well as the presence of 0.6 M mannitol during infection resulted in a clear increase of transformation efficiency. Max. approx. 30 %, average 15-20 % of fronds showing GUS staining were obtained both with corandum-treated as well as with vacuum infiltrated fronds, but transformation pattern was different. Whereas in the former mainly epidermal and subepidermal cells were transformed, the latter showed, in addition, transformed inner frond cells, including the meristematic region. Disintegration of the fronds, followed by vacuum infiltration, led to whole GUS-stained areas of the frond fragments. The results as such and the observed transformation patterns will serve as a basis for offering good conditions either in the in vivo - or the in-vitro-regeneration of transgenic duckweed fronds.
FeoB is not required for ferrous iron uptake in<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (2003)

Among strains of Campylobacter jejuni, levels of ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ) uptake was comparable. However, C. jejuni showed a lower level of ferrous iron uptake than Escherichia coli. Consistent with studies of E. coli, Fe 2+ uptake in C. jejuni was significantly enhanced by low Mg 2+ concentration. The C. jejuni genome sequence contains a single known ferrous iron uptake gene, feoB, whose product shares 50% amino acid identity to Helicobacter pylori FeoB and 29% identity to E. coli FeoB. However, Fe 2+ uptake could not be attributed to FeoB for several reasons. Site-directed mutations in feoB caused no defect in 55 Fe 2+ uptake. Among C. jejuni strains, various nucleotide alterations were found in feoB, indicating that some C. jejuni feoB genes are defective. In addition, uptake could not be attributed to the magnesium transporter CorA, since no reduction in 55 Fe 2+ uptake was observed in the presence of a CorA-specific inhibitor.Key words: Campylobacter jejuni, ferrous iron uptake, metal transport, FeoB.
Making a vertebrate limb: New players enter from the wings (2001)

What initiates vertebrate limb development and induces limbs to form where they do? For several years the answer to this intriguing question has been framed in terms of a working model that limb induction depends on a dialogue between two members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family of intercellular signaling molecules, FGF8 and FGF10. Now, a recent paper has written roles for signals encoded by WNT genes, the vertebrate relatives of the Drosophila wingless gene, into the script.
Perioperative organ protection (2003)

Perioperative organ protection , Perioperative organ protection , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and its receptor c-met: localisation and expression in the human placenta throughout pregnancy (1996)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor, acts via the c-met receptor resulting in pronounced effects on certain epithelial cells. We hypothesised that HGF would be important in placental development where the trophoblast represents a specialised barrier of epithelial origin. In this paper we examine the expression and production of HGF and its receptor in the human placenta throughout pregnancy. In addition, RT-PCR was undertaken on human embryos to ascertain whether pre-implantation embryonic or trophoblast cells were under the influence of this growth factor. In samples from the first trimester of pregnancy in situ hybridisation with a c-met antisense probe detected message expression in villous cytotrophoblast and in decidual glands but not in extravillous trophoblast. Some c-met expression was detected in cytotrophoblast from the second trimester placentae; this declined to negligible levels by term. Staining with an anti c-met antibody largely confirmed these findings but found relatively strong staining of cytotrophoblast at term. HGF was confined to the villous core throughout pregnancy when examined by both in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. Trophoblast was consistently negative for HGF. Pre-implantation embryos examined by RT-PCR were negative for both c-met and HGF mRNA. These results indicate that the HGF may exert an important influence on cytotrophoblast throughout the process of placental formation and growth.
Offline handwritten Devanagari word recognition: A segmentation based approach (2008)

A novel segmentation based approach is proposed for recognition of offline handwritten Devanagari words. Stroke based features are used as feature vectors. A hidden Markov model is used for recognition at pseudocharacter level. The word level recognition is done on the basis of a string edit distance.
On-chip synthesis of circularly polarized emission of light with integrated photonic circuits (2014)

The helicity of circularly polarized (CP) light plays an important role in the light-matter interaction in magnetic and quantum material systems. Exploiting CP light in integrated photonic circuits could lead to on-chip integration of novel optical helicity-dependent devices for applications ranging from spintronics to quantum optics. In this Letter, we demonstrate a silicon photonic circuit coupled with a 2D grating emitter operating at a telecom wavelength to synthesize vertically emitting, CP light from a quasi-TE waveguide mode. Handedness of the emitted circular polarized light can be thermally controlled with an integrated microheater. The compact device footprint enables a small beam diameter, which is desirable for large-scale integration.