gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Patent Similarity Detection (2009)

As patent filings and litigations increase, there is an increasing demand for more effective detection of similarities among patents, leading to better prior art search, market gap analysis, infringement detection, legal discovery, and litigation support. Ample patent data is readily available, but detection of similarities among patents is difficult, generally resulting in high false-positive and false-negative errors. A multivariate approach to detection of similarities among patents' benefits from the advantages offered by several different techniques. In particular, leveraging text mining, the patent classification system, and patent citations can each improve accuracy. Further, visualization of the multiple variables can further assist the patent searchers.
Combination Finasteride and Flutamide in Advanced Carcinoma of the Prostate: Effective Therapy with Minimal Side Effects (1995)

Finasteride plus flutamide should be considered in sexually active patients with minimal volume advanced prostate cancer.
Introduction a beacon in the new historicist fog (2000)

Om time to time, the National Association o f Scholars bestows the Sidney ook Memorial Award on a dist inguished scholar, h o n o r i n g a notable contr ibution to the f r e edom and integrity of academic life. On Saturday, 17 April 1999, at a banque t l u n c h e o n he ld in Chicago, Illinois, dur ing its e ighth national convention, the NAS so h o n o r e d Ger t rude Himmelfarb , Dist inguished Professor of History emeri tus f rom the Graduate School o f the City University of New York. Academic Questions is pleased to pr in t He rbe r t London ' s remarks in present ing the award and Professor Himmelfarb ' s acceptance speech.
Production and quality control of carrier-based legume inoculants (1984)

Commercial production of legume inoculants began in 1895 in the USA and UK. In the 1980s they are produced in all continents. Most are used with powdered organic carriers such as peat, although other carriers have shown promise. The bulletin outlines the use of small fermentation vessels for production of Rhizobium inoculant. Inoculant production is explained, with emphasis on quality control measures. Types and suitabilities of various worldwide inoculant carriers are discussed along with treatment and packaging techniques to ensure maximum effectiveness and sterility. Tips on contaminant-free handling in the workplace are included, stressing the need for qualified personnel and suitable basic facilities. Sources and selection of inoculant strains, and transportation of inoculants, are also considered. Examples of national and private bodies governing the manufacture of inoculants are reviewed, and standards for production are suggested.
BTQBT (bis-(1, 2, 5-thiadiazolo)-p-quinobis(1, 3-dithiole)) Thin Films; A Promising Candidate for High Mobility Organic Transistors (2002)

BTQBT (bis-(1, 2, 5-thiadiazolo)-p-quinobis(1, 3-dithiole)) films have been prepared as active semiconducting layers of organic field effect transistors (FETs). BTQBT films showed a p-type semiconducting behavior. The hole mobility and on/off ratio of BTQBT films under ultrahigh vacuum conditions reached to 0.2 cm2/V·s and 108, respectively, by optimization of the growth conditions. These values are in the same order as those of pentacene thin films, which indicates that BTQBT molecules have a great potential for active layers of organic electronic devices.
Squalamine, an original chemosensitizer to combat antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (2010)

International audience
Applications of positive time-frequency distributions to speech processing (1994)

Much of our current knowledge and intuition of speech is derived from analyses involving assumptions of short-time stationarity (e.g., the speech spectrogram). Such methods are, by their very nature, incapable of revealing the true nonstationary nature of speech. A careful consideration of the theory of time-frequency distributions (TFDs), however, allows the construction of methods that reveal far more of the nonstationarities of speech, thereby highlighting just what it is that conventional approaches miss. We apply two iterative methods for generating positive time-frequency distributions (TFDs) to speech analysis. Both methods make use of multiple sources of information (e.g., multiple spectrograms) to yield a high-resolution estimate of the joint time-frequency energy density of speech. Plosive events and formant harmonic structure are simultaneously preserved in these TFDs. Rapidly time-varying formants are also resolved by these TFDs, and harmonic structure is revealed, independent of sweep rate; this result is quite different from that seen with conventional speech spectrograms. The speech features observed in these distributions demonstrate that conventional sliding window techniques lose or distort much of the rich nonstationary structure of speech. Examples for synthetic formants and real speech are provided. The differences between joint distributions and conditional distributions are also illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-frequency germ line gene conversion in transgenic mice. (1992)

Gene conversion is the nonreciprocal transfer of genetic information between two related genes or DNA sequences. It can influence the evolution of gene families, having the capacity to generate both diversity and homogeneity. The potential evolutionary significance of this process is directly related to its frequency in the germ line. While measurement of meiotic inter- and intrachromosomal gene conversion frequency is routine in fungal systems, it has hitherto been impractical in mammals. We have designed a system for identifying and quantitating germ line gene conversion in mice by analyzing transgenic male gametes for a contrived recombination event. Spermatids which undergo the designed intrachromosomal gene conversion produce functional beta-galactosidase (encoded by the lacZ gene), which is visualized by histochemical staining. We observed a high incidence of lacZ-positive spermatids (approximately 2%), which were produced by a combination of meiotic and mitotic conversion events. These results demonstrate that gene conversion in mice is an active recombinational process leading to nonparental gametic haplotypes. This high frequency of intrachromosomal gene conversion seems incompatible with the evolutionary divergence of newly duplicated genes. Hence, a process may exist to uncouple gene pairs from frequent conversion-mediated homogenization.
Proteomics analysis identifies PARK7 as an important player for renal cell resistance and survival under oxidative stress (2011)

Renal fibrosis is a process that is characterized by declining excretory renal function. The molecular mechanisms of fibrosis are not fully understood. Oxidative stress pathways were reported to be involved in renal tissue deterioration and fibrosis progression. In order to identify new molecular targets associated with oxidative stress and renal fibrosis, differential proteomics analysis was performed with established renal cell lines (TK173 and HK-2). The cells were treated with oxidative stress triggering factor H(2)O(2) and the proteome alterations were investigated. Two dimensional protein maps were generated and differentially expressed proteins were processed and identified using mass spectrometry analysis combined with data base search. Interestingly the increase of ROS in the renal cell lines upon H(2)O(2) treatment was accompanied by alteration of a large number of proteins, which could be classified in three categories: the first category grouped the proteins that have been described to be involved in fibrogenesis (e.g. ACTA2, VIN, VIM, DES, KRT, COL1A1, COL4A1), the second category, which was more interesting involved proteins of the oxidative stress pathway (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX6, SOD, PARK7, HYOU1), which were highly up-regulated under oxidative stress, and the third category represented proteins, which are involved in different other metabolic pathways. Among the oxidative stress proteins the up-regulation of PARK7 was accompanied by a shift in the pI as a result of oxidation. Knockdown of PARK7 using siRNA led to significant reduction in renal cell viability under oxidative stress. Under H(2)O(2) treatment the PARK7 knockdown cells showed up to 80% decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis compared to the controls. These results highlight for the first time the important role of PARK7 in oxidative stress resistance in renal cells.
Cytosolic Tyrosine Dephosphorylation of STAT5 (2000)

STAT5, a member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), is important in modulating T cell functions through interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors. Like other STAT proteins, STAT5 undergoes a rapid activation and inactivation cycle upon cytokine stimulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are critical in regulating STAT5 activity. A number of protein tyrosine kinases have been shown to phosphorylate STAT5; however, the phosphatases responsible for STAT5 dephosphorylation remain unidentified. Using CTLL-20 as a model system, we provide evidence that tyrosine dephosphorylation of STAT5 subsequent to IL-2-induced phosphorylation occurs in the absence of STAT5 nuclear translocation and new protein synthesis. Nevertheless, down-regulation of the upstream Janus kinase activity during the deactivation cycle of IL-2-induced signaling does involve new protein synthesis. These findings point to the constitutive presence of STAT5 tyrosine phosphatase activity in the cytosolic compartment. We further demonstrate that SHP-2, but not SHP-1, directly dephosphorylates STAT5 in an in vitro tyrosine phosphatase assay with purified proteins. Furthermore, tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT5 associates with the substrate-trapping mutant (Cys --> Ser) of SHP-2 but not SHP-1. These results suggest a potential role for cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatases in directly dephosphorylating STAT proteins and in maintaining a basal steady state level of STAT activity.
High-sensitivity silicide films for optical recording (1982)

Polycrystalline films of noble-metal silicides were reported to be a good candidate for archival optical recording media. 1 Typical writing power for half-saturation of contrast at 50-nsec pulse width is 30 mW at 6417 Å, and this is roughly three times that required to ablate holes in Te films. There are several ways of reducing writing energy, and in this paper we present a summary of our effort to obtain optimized bilayer structures.
Noninvasive Measurement of Physiological Signals on a Modified Home Bathroom Scale (2012)

A commercial bathroom scale with both handlebar and footpad electrodes was modified to enable measurement of four physiological signals: the ballistocardiogram (BCG), electrocardiogram (ECG), lower body impedance plethysmogram (IPG), and lower body electromyogram (EMG). The BCG, which describes the reaction of the body to cardiac ejection of blood, was measured using the strain gauges in the scale. The ECG was detected using handlebar electrodes with a two-electrode amplifier. For the lower body IPG, the two electrodes under the subject's toes were driven with an ac current stimulus, and the resulting differential voltage across the heels was measured and demodulated synchronously with the source. The voltage signal from the same two footpad electrodes under the heels was passed through a passive low-pass filter network into another amplifier, and the output was the lower body EMG signal. The signals were measured from nine healthy subjects, and the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while the subjects were standing still was estimated for the four signals as follows: BCG, 7.6 dB; ECG, 15.8 dB; IPG, 10.7 dB. During periods of motion, the decrease in SNR for the BCG signal was found to be correlated to the increase in rms power for the lower body EMG (r = 0.89, p <; 0.01). The EMG could, thus, be used to flag noise-corrupted segments of the BCG, increasing the measurement robustness. This setup could be used for monitoring the cardiovascular health of patients at home.
Embryoid Formation by High Temperature Treatment from Multiple Shoots of<i>Panax ginseng</i><sup>1</sup> (1993)

We developed a new technology to induce embryoids by a moderate high temperature treatment from multiple shoots of PANAX GINSENG (Araliaceae). The number of formed embryoids was 10 times higher than that of untreated tissue. Normal plantlets were regenerated from the embryoids by transplanting them on a hormone-free medium. They contained ginsenosides Rb (1), Rg (1) and the other saponins as well as those of natural ginseng.
Robust silicon-on-insulator adiabatic splitter optimized by metamodeling (2017)

A robust integrated power splitter based on a silicon-on-insulator adiabatic coupler configuration is demonstrated. The power separation is achieved by a slow and simultaneous change of phase and coupling constants. The geometrical parameters of the device are determined thanks to a metamodel-based iterative optimization strategy. Solving the multiple parameter problem together with a realistic bandwidth constraint provides a clear improvement of the power splitting stability. The robustness is confirmed experimentally on a single device and at the wafer scale.
Stabilized Romanowsky Blood Stain (1979)

It has been shown that the degradation of thiazine dyes which normally occurs in methanolic solution, as in the case of Romanowsky blood stains, can be prevented by making the solution acidic. In a certain range of acidity, the stain precipitates in the form of monothiazine eosinate, but by making the solution sufficiently acidic, eosin is protonated and the precipitate cannot form. These observations have been used to develop a blood stain which is stable, even at elevated temperatures, for several months. For use the stain is neutralized by a specially formulated fixative solution.
Cellulite Treatment: A Myth or Reality: A Prospective Randomized, Controlled Trial of Two Therapies, Endermologie and Aminophylline Cream (1999)

Cellulite is a common phenomenon that particularly affects the thighs and buttocks of women. Little scientific evidence exists to support any of the many advertised treatments for it. A total of 52 of 69 women, who were divided into three groups, completed a 12-week, randomized, controlled trial in which the effectiveness of two different treatments for cellulite was assessed. The patients acted as their own controls. The treatments investigated were twice-daily application of aminophylline cream and twice-weekly treatment with Endermologie ES1. Group 1 (double blind) received aminophylline to one thigh/buttock and a placebo cream to the other. Group 2 (singly blind) received Endermologie to one thigh/buttock. Group 3 received Endermologie to both sides and used the same cream regimen as group 1. Results were assessed subjectively by the patient and by clinical examination and photographic assessment by the surgeon (before and after the trial). Morphologic assessment included body mass index, thigh girth at two points, and thigh fat depth measurement by ultrasound. No statistical difference existed in measurements between legs for any of the treatment groups (paired t test, p > 0.4). The best subjective assessment, by the patients themselves, revealed that only 3 of 35 aminophylline-treated legs and 10 of 35 Endermologie-treated legs had their cellulite appearance improved. The authors do not believe that either of these two treatments is effective in improving the appearance of cellulite. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 104: 1110, 1999.)
Creating wealth through working with others: Interorganizational relationships (2001)

The article reports that the success stories of the global supply network of Nike and the computer industry alliances of Intel have encouraged companies to engage in interorganizational relationships (IRs). Although a good number of IRs gain popularity, a majority of the deals also fail. IRs allow firms to minimize the aggregate of production costs. The economic rationales for IRs include their ability to obtain resources or provide strategic advantage through competition. Some advantages experienced in IRs include economies of scale, access to resources, and information sharing.
Management Of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC). (2013)

chemotherapy, metastatic, HER-2, breast, combination.
An Injectable Nucleus Pulposus Implant Restores Compressive Range of Motion in the Ovine Disc (2012)

An injectable implant that mimics nondegenerate NP has the potential to return motion segment ROM to normal subsequent to injury.
Functional analysis of candidate regulatory genes in regulatory T cells (2011)

CD4+CD25+
 regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in
 controlling inflammation, tumor immunity and
 transplantation tolerance. Moreover, abnormalities in Tregs
 result in severe autoimmune disease in humans and in mouse models. Foxp3 has
 been identified as one of the key regulatory genes for Treg
 development and function. However, only very few genes that control the
 development and the suppressive function of Tregs
 have been described until now. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to
 identify and verify novel regulatory genes for Treg
 maintenance, activation and function.
 As one
 experimental approach, I used gene expression analysis in recombinant inbred
 mouse strains to find expression Quantitative Traits loci (eQTL). Here, I analyzed the transcriptome
 of naive peripheral regulatory T cells isolated from 33 BXD mouse recombinant
 inbred strains. 14 trans-eQTL bands were found, two
 trans-eQTL bands were further analyzed in detail
 and regulatory candidate genes in the respective genomic intervals were
 proposed. Furthermore, I
 studied the role of one potential important gene, PLAU, which was identified
 by a trend correlation analysis of the transcriptome
 from activated human Tregs. Here, I showed that
 PLAU is important for the activation of human Treg
 specific gene expression patterns in cell culture. First, PLAU was expressed
 at a higher level in Tregs than in effector T cells (Teffs) with
 stimulation. Second, transfection of short
 interference RNA targeting PLAU transcript downregulated
 the expression of PLAU in Tregs on day 1 after transfection, of EOS, LGMN on day 2, and of FOXP3, EOS,
 CTLA4 on day 3. These results suggest a sequential regulation of PLAU on
 other Treg key genes. I also showed that PLAU was
 important for Treg mediated suppressive function. Tregs that expressed PLAU at a higher level (PLAU-high Tregs) exhibited a stronger suppressive activity on Teffs than Tregs expressing
 lower level of PLAU (PLAU-low Tregs). The
 expression of PLAU, FOXP3, GARP, EOS, LGMN and CTLA4 was
 higher in PLAU-high Tregs compared to PLAU-low Tregs. The T helper cytokines IL13, IL5,
 IRF4, CSF2, STAT1, IL15, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF9 and TNFSF4 were significantly lower
 expressed in PLAU-high Tregs compared to PLAU-low Tregs. Finally, studies in mice showed that Plau
 is required for the development of Tregs in the
 thymus. Knockout mice which were lacking a functional PLAU gene had significantly lower frequency of
 Foxp3+CD4+ Tregs in the thymus compared to wild
 type mice. However, there was no significant difference of Treg cell frequency in the mesenteric lymph nodes,
 peripheral lymph nodes or spleen at the mice age we studied.
 In conclusion, I
 identified 14 trans-eQTL bands in naive Treg cells which may regulate many other genes in Tregs. Two trans-eQTL bands
 were supported by gene expression analysis. In addition, one novel important
 gene, PLAU, has been shown to be important for maintenance and function of
 human Tregs in cell culture and for thymic Treg development in
 knockout mice.
Heparin, DDAVP and the Bleeding Time (1991)

The effect on the bleeding time of heparin, followed by an infusion with desmopressin (DDAVP) 0.3 micrograms/kg or placebo in a randomized, double-blind set-up, was investigated in 20 patients treated for acute venous thromboembolism. The bleeding time was on the average prolonged by 90% (95% confidence interval 46%-134%) after at least 1 day of treatment with heparin. At that point DDAVP shortened the bleeding time by 23% with a confidence interval of -35% to -11% whereas the effect of placebo was -2% with a confidence interval of -23% to +20%. There was also a shortening of the APTT after DDAVP but not after placebo. It is concluded that DDAVP induces a partial reversal of the effect of heparin on the bleeding time, and that DDAVP should be tried in case of hemorrhagic problems.
Scalable Query N-Gram Embedding for Improving Matching and Relevance in Sponsored Search (2018)

Sponsored search has been the major source of revenue for commercial web search engines. It is crucial for a sponsored search engine to retrieve ads that are relevant to user queries to attract clicks as advertisers only pay when their ads get clicked. Retrieving relevant ads for a query typically involves in first matching related ads to the query and then filtering out irrelevant ones. Both require understanding the semantic relationship between a query and an ad. In this work, we propose a novel embedding of queries and ads in sponsored search. The query embeddings are generated from constituent word n-gram embeddings that are trained to optimize an event level word2vec objective over a large volume of search data. We show through a query rewriting task that the proposed query n-gram embedding model outperforms the state-of-the-art word embedding models for capturing query semantics. This allows us to apply the proposed query n-gram embedding model to improve query-ad matching and relevance in sponsored search. First, we use the similarity between a query and an ad derived from the query n-gram embeddings as an additional feature in the query-ad relevance model used in Yahoo Search. We show through online A/B test that using the new relevance model to filter irrelevant ads offline leads to 0.47% CTR and 0.32% revenue increase. Second, we propose a novel online query to ads matching system, built on an open-source big-data serving engine [30], using the learned query n-gram embeddings. Online A/B test shows that the new matching technique increases the search revenue by 2.32% as it significantly increases the ad coverage for tail queries.
<title>New Method Of Coherent Frequency Channelization</title> (1983)

This paper discusses a new approach to coherently channelizing input rf signals that is similar to Bragg cell techniques but has the potential for operation at substantially higher bandwidths. The rf information from the environment is modulated on a laser beam. The modulated laser beam is then demultiplexed according to frequency by passing the beam through a dispersive device. The various channels are then each incident on the respective element of a detector array. Splitting a reference beam off from the main beam provides a local oscillator for heterodyne detection at the detector array. The optically encoded rf information is thereby translated back down to baseband or a common if band.