gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implicit and Intuitive Grasp Posture Control for Wearable Robotic Fingers: A Data-Driven Method Using Partial Least Squares (2016)

Functionality of a human hand can be augmented with wearable robotic fingers to enable grasping and manipulation of objects with a single hand. Such technology will have applications in manufacturing and construction, as well as health care. This paper presents a method for controlling extra robotic fingers, termed “Supernumerary Robotic Fingers (SR Fingers),” in coordination with human fingers to grasp diverse objects. Two hypotheses are proposed and verified through experiments. One is that humans prefer grasp posture of their fingers and that of the SR Fingers to be highly correlated when working together, which is represented with a few principal components, resembling grasp synergy in neuromotor control. The other hypothesis is that SR Finger posture can be controlled to coordinate with human finger posture via grasp synergy of the hybrid human-robotic hand. Partial least squares regression is used for predicting a desired posture of the SR Fingers from the measurement of human fingers. This method is implemented on a pair of wrist-mounted SR Fingers. Experiments demonstrate that the prototype SR Fingers can assist the human user in performing single-handed grasping tasks without requiring explicit commands.
Effective Robustness Analysis Using Bounded Model Checking Techniques (2011)

Continuously shrinking feature sizes result in an increasing susceptibility of circuits to transient faults, e.g., due to environmental radiation. Approaches to implement fault tolerance are known. But assessing the fault tolerance of a given implementation is a hard verification problem. Here, we propose the use of formal methods to assess the robustness of a digital circuit with respect to transient faults. Our formal model uses a fixed bound in time and exploits fault detection circuitry to cope with the complexity of the underlying sequential equivalence check. As a result, a lower and an upper bound on the robustness are returned together with vulnerable components. The underlying algorithm and techniques to improve the efficiency are presented. In experiments, we evaluate the method on circuits with different fault detection mechanisms.
Chemokine Expression From Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Enhances Vaccine Therapies of Cancer (2011)

Tumor vaccines can induce robust immune responses targeting tumor antigens in the clinic, but antitumor effects have been disappointing. One reason for this is ineffective tumor infiltration of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) produced. Oncolytic viruses are capable of selectively replicating within tumor tissue and can induce a strong immune response. We therefore sought to determine whether these therapies could be rationally combined such that modulation of the tumor microenvironment by the viral therapy could help direct beneficial CTLs induced by the vaccine. As such, we examined the effects of expressing chemokines from oncolytic vaccinia virus, including CCL5 (RANTES), whose receptors are expressed on CTLs induced by different vaccines, including type-1-polarized dendritic cells (DC1). vvCCL5, an oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing CCL5, induced chemotaxis of lymphocyte populations in vitro and in vivo, and displayed improved safety in vivo. Interestingly, enhanced therapeutic benefits with vvCCL5 in vivo correlated with increased persistence of the viral agent exclusively within the tumor. When tumor-bearing mice were both vaccinated with DC1 and treated with vvCCL5 a further significant enhancement in tumor response was achieved which correlated with increased levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. This approach therefore represents a novel means of combining biological therapies for cancer treatment.
BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ-NiO Composite Anodic Powders for Proton-Conducting SOFCs Prepared by a Combustion Method (2011)

BaZr0.8Y0.2O3− δ (BZY)-NiO composite powders with different BZY-NiO weight ratios were prepared by a combustion method as anodes for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). After heating to 1100°C for 6 h, the composite powders were made of a well-dispersed mixture of two phases, BZY and NiO. Chemical stability tests showed that the BZY-NiO anodic powders had good stability against CO2, whereas comparative tests under the same conditions showed degradation for BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2O3− δ -NiO, which is at present the most used anode material for proton-conducting SOFCs. Area specific resistance (ASR) measurements for BZY-NiO anodes showed that their electrochemical performance depended on the BZY-NiO weight ratio. The best performance was obtained for the anode containing 50 wt % BZY and 50 wt % NiO, which showed the smallest ASR values in the whole testing temperature range (0.37 Ω cm2 at 600°C). The 50 wt % BZY and 50 wt % NiO anode prepared by combustion also showed superior performance than that of the BZY-NiO anode conventionally made by a mechanical mixing route, as well as that of Pt.
Chitin oligosaccharides can induce cortical cell division in roots of <i>Vicia sativa</i> when delivered by ballistic microtargeting (1997)

Rhizobia, bacterial symbionts of leguminous plants, produce lipo-chitin oligosaccharide (LCO) signal molecules that can induce nodule organogenesis in the cortex of legume roots in a host-specific way. The multi-unsaturated fatty acyl and the O-acetyl moieties of the LCOs of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae were shown to be essential for obtaining root nodule induction in Vicia sativa plants. We have used ballistic microtargeting as a novel approach to deliver derivatives of the nodulation signal molecules inside the roots of V. sativa. This method offers the unique ability to introduce soluble compounds into the tissue at a small area. The mitogenic effect of microtargeting of chitin oligosaccharides, including an analysis of the influence of the chain length and modifications, was tested in a qualitative assay. The role of a cell division factor from the root stele, uridine, has also been examined in these experiments. The results show that O-acetylated chitin oligosaccharides can induce root cortical cell divisions when delivered by microtargeting. For this effect it is essential that uridine is co-targeted. The foci of cortical cell division were often similar to root nodule primordia. Anatomical examination also revealed chimeric structures that share characteristics with lateral root and nodule primordia. Our data favour a model in which the oligosaccharide moiety of the rhizobial LCO induces cortical cell division and the fatty acyl moiety plays a role in transport of the LCO into the plant tissue.
<i>NOD2</i>/<i>CARD15</i>,<i>ATG16L1</i>and<i>IL23R</i>gene polymorphisms and childhood-onset of Crohn’s disease (2010)

Polymorphism 3020insC in NOD2/CARD15 occurs statistically significantly more often in patients with childhood-onset CD than in patients with adult-onset CD. The ATG16L1 and IL23R variants are associated with susceptibility to CD, but not early-onset disease.
A programmable analogue CMOS chip for high speed image processing based on cellular neural networks (2002)

This paper describes an analogue CMOS VLSI chip which implements a 4/spl times/4 continuous time cellular neural network (CNN) with programmable templates. With a new programmable current mirror circuit, the individual template values can be continuously set between 4 and 1/4 and the sign can be switched. Measurements are presented for the operation of the chip as a connected component detector, holefiller and shadow maker. It is demonstrated that this chip can be considered as an analogue programmable image processor. The programmable templates are to CNNs what instructions are to a microprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Right Hemidiaphragmatic Twitching: A Complication of Bipolar Atrial Pacing (1997)

A patient with an atrioventricular sequential pacemaker developed rhythmic contractions of the right hemidiaphragm. This was found to be the result of right phrenic nerve stimulation, which was directly related to the wide distance between the poles of an ELA atrial lead when pacing in bipolar mode. Pole separation in current atrial leads is discussed.
Migration of Existing Access Networks Towards Multi-Radio Access (2006)

Integration of heterogeneous access technologies to provide multi-radio access allows for dynamic access selection. The "always best connected" paradigm can increase system capacity and end user throughput, as well as, reduce the network deployment costs for multi-radio wireless networks. In this paper we present the functional entities generic link layer and multi-radio resource management, and describe their interactions for access selection. A focus of the paper is to show - with an example given for 3G and WLAN - how existing wireless networks can be migrated to provide multi-radio access functionality. This will be explained for a single operator integrating different radio access standards, as well as, for multiple cooperating network operators.
Genomic Identification and Characterization of Avian Adenoviruses Associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis (2001)

Four pathogenic avian adenovirus isolates associated with inclusion body hepatitis and mortality in commercial broiler chicks and chickens were characterized and identified. These group I avian adenovirus isolates were classified as group E (serotypes 6, 7, 8, and 9) avian adenoviruses on the basis of the restriction enzyme patterns of their viral DNA. Isolate 3718 was neutralized by a serotype 6 reference avian adenovirus antiserum and isolates 8193, 8380, and 8565 were all neutralized by a serotype 8 reference avian adenovirus antiserum by virus neutralization assays. Infectivity and virulence such as mortality, hemorrhages, enlarged green livers with intranuclear inclusion bodies, stunting, intestinal sloughing, and poor feathering were observed in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos and were identical for all four isolates when embryos were inoculated via the yolk sac and/or chorioallantoic membrane. Complete mortality was observed within 72 hr postinoculation in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated intramuscularly for all four avian adenovirus isolates.
Low-cost logarithmic CMOS image sensing by nonlinear analog-to-digital conversion (2005)

In this paper we present a CMOS image sensor design with a better sensitivity to low light intensity. This feature is achieved through a multi-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC). By doing so, the photo-electrical characteristic of a sensor cell can is finely tuned. A cost-effective architecture for realizing the required ADC is also proposed. This architecture leads to a faster conversion time as well as a smaller area. A simulation environment with post-layout accuracy is incorporated to demonstrate the advantages. It shows that a number of images can be captured more clearly than a traditional sensor.
New AZT Conjugates as Potent anti‐HIV Agents. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pathogenesis of sporadic and familial gastric cancer – implications for clinical management and cancer prevention (2002)

Gastric cancer remains a great clinical challenge despite its decreasing incidence. While major progress has been achieved in the understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular biology of sporadic gastric cancer, only recently has the role of familial aggregation of gastric cancers been rediscovered. The genetic changes underlying sporadic and familial gastric cancer have been revealed, and recent studies indicate that this familial aggregation combines genetic and microbiological aspects. Thus, for the prevention of gastric cancers these findings might be helpful for the early diagnosis and for the screening of risk groups and family members.
High embryogenic ability and plant regeneration of table grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) induced by activated charcoal (2015)

Somatic embryos and plants from immature anthers or ovaries were obtained from the Vitis vinifera cvs Sugraone, Crimson Seedless, Italia and Don Mariano. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (4, 7 or 10 μM) and 6-benzyladenine (0.7, 1 or 1.3 μM) for callus induction. Callus frequency depended on genotype, explant type and the culture medium used. Calli were transferred to half strength MS without growth regulators for embryo differentiation. The presence of activated charcoal (AC, 0.25 %) in this medium was essential to obtain somatic embryos in the case of Crimson Seedless, Italia and Don Mariano and to increase the frequency of embryogenic calli in Sugraone (from 5.8 % without AC to 99.5 % with AC). Ovaries and anthers showed different degrees of embryogenic competence. When somatic embryos were placed in a medium with indole-3-acetic acid (10 μM), gibberellic acid (1 μM) and 0.25 % AC, embryo germination was normal, i.e. embryos turned green, the hypocotyls and cotyledons started to grow and the apical root axis developed. The percentage of germinated embryos was 100 % for Sugraone and 27.5 %, 38.1 % and 54.5 % for Don Mariano, Italia and Crimson Seedless, respectively. When the germinated embryos were transferred to half strength MS medium in test tubes, 100 % of Crimson, Italia and Don Mariano and 68.3 % of Sugraone embryos developed into normal plants.
Zidovudine in primary Sjogren's syndrome (1999)

AZT seems to be effective and well tolerated in patients with primary SS.
595. N-oxides of some hydroxy- and amino-quinolines (1956)

D. E. Ames, C. S. Franklin and T. F. Grey, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 3079 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560003079
The role of CD4 in HIV binding and entry (1993)

The primary cellular receptor for the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV is the CD4 antigen (Sattentau et al. 1988; Sattentau & Weiss 1988). HIV infection of CD4+ cells is initiated by binding of the virus to the cell surface, via a high-affinity interaction between the first domain of CD4 and the HIV outer envelope glycoprotein, gp120. The use of a soluble recombinant form of CD4 (sCD4) as a receptor mimic has simplified the analysis of receptor binding and post-binding events which result in virus-cell membrane fusion. With cell-line adapted isolates of HIV-1, sCD4 binding induces conformational changes in gp120, leading to the complete dissociation of gp120 from the transmembrane glycoprotein, gp41, and exposing cryptic epitopes of gp41. Similar observations have been made with cell-anchored CD4: recruitment of CD4 molecules leads to exposure of cryptic gp41 epitopes at the fusion interface between clusters of CD4 expressing and HIV-infected cells. It has therefore been proposed that CD4 binding induces exposure of fusogenic components of gp41 which mediate virus-cell membrane coalescence, a process termed receptor-mediated activation of fusion. With the related lentiviruses HIV-2 and SIV, the CD4 induced molecular rearrangements in gp120 are more subtle, implying that there is a spectrum of responses to sCD4 binding.
The Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL): An Introduction (2006)

In November 2004, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) released the aerospace standard AS5506, named the Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL). The AADL is a modeling language that supports early and repeated analyses of a system's architecture with respect to performance-critical properties through an extendable notation, a tool framework, and precisely defined semantics. The language employs formal modeling concepts for the description and analysis of application system architectures in terms of distinct components and their interactions. It includes abstractions of software, computational hardware, and system components for (a) specifying and analyzing real-time embedded and high dependability systems, complex systems of systems, and specialized performance capability systems and (b) mapping of software onto computational hardware elements. The AADL is especially effective for model-based analysis and specification of complex real-time embedded systems. This technical note is an introduction to the concepts, language structure, and application of the AADL.
Decoding of circulant codes (Corresp.) (1970)

Many of the best random error-correcting group codes known (cyclic or not) can be reduced to echelon canonical form, in which the parity matrix is mainly or entirely composed of one or several circulants. This correspondence deals with simple and efficients methods for coding and decoding such codes, called quasi-cyclic in recent literature. The main result is that when the parity matrix <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</tex> , or its complement <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(C + J)</tex> are nonsingular, simplified and fast decoding methods based on the quasi-cyclic structure, and alternately using syndromes based respectively on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</tex> and on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C^{-1}</tex> , permit correction to full error-correcting capacity. This is also extended to the (simplest) case of several parity circulants in a row.
Influence of treatment schedule on toxicity and efficacy of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil in metastatic breast cancer: a randomized trial comparing weekly and every-4-week administration. (1993)

Both efficacy and toxicity of FEC were greater when treatment was administered every 4 weeks rather than once a week, despite identical dose intensity.
Block copolymer self-assembly in two dimensions: nanoscale emulsions and foams (1994)

The interfacial properties of diblock copolymers are of particular importance to their application as solution-based surfactants. We have studied the ultrathin film or monolayer properties of a series of AB diblock copolymers using Langmuir film balance, Langmuir–Blodgett and microscopy (transmission electron and atomic force techniques). Previous studies have established that AB diblocks spontaneously self-assemble at the air/water interface to yield highly definèd, nanometre-sized aggregates which we refer to as surface micelles. We report two new aspects of 2D self assembly. (i) A highly ordered two-dimensional foam or honeycomb is observed in the Langmuir–Blodgett films of polystyrene-b-poly(sodium acrylate)(PS-b-PANa) and polystrene-b-poly(sodium methacrylate)(PS-b-PMANa) block copolymers. The cell areas of these nanofoams are remarkably small, ranging from 100 to 5000 nm2. (ii) Changes in the morphology of a surface micelle (circle, ribbon, plane) can be effected by adding homoPS to the diblock film. Transitions, paralleling those seen in the melt, occur as the homoPS partitions into the surface micelle.
Constant variance enhancement: a digital processing technique (1977)

An image enhancement process is one in which the image is manipulated for the purpose of increasing the information extractable by the human visual system. Constant variance enhancement is a technique which employs a high pass filtering to reduce the local average to zero for all regions of the picture and then applies a gain factor equal to the reciprocal of the local standard deviation to produce an output picture in which all local regions have equal variance. An example of a constant variance enhancement is presented with pictures illustrating the various mathematical stages of the processing operations. The concept of differential luminance gain is introduced as a crude measure of enhancement effectiveness and is numerically evaluated for the illustrative processing. The significance of negative differential luminance gain is considered, and ways of dealing with these spurious results are considered.
Sonodynamic approach to tumor treatment (2003)

The localization of sonochemical reactions with focused ultrasound is investigated by developing a sonochemically active tissue mimicking phantom. It is demonstrated that the sonochemical effects can be localized within a region of size not larger than typical tumors to be treated. Sonochemically efficient methods of ultrasound irradiation, which may neither require standing wave situations nor extremely high ultrasound intensity in order to induce substantial sonochemical effects, are studied. The ultrasound intensity threshold for the sonochemical reaction is drastically decreased by the second harmonic superimposition. It is also demonstrated by in vitro experiments that a gallium-deuteroporphyrin complex, ATX-70, has three times higher sonochemical activity than hematoporphyrin (Hp) and induces cell damage at twice the rate of Hp in combination with ultrasound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variable block size adaptive lapped transform-based image coding (2002)

A new adaptive lapped transform (ALT) structure is introduced to implement time-varying linear-phase paraunitary and biorthogonal filter banks. The new ALT is based on the generalized lapped transform (GLT). A time-varying filter bank is constructed through the factorization of the GLT into cascaded matrix stages. Variable-length LTs are subsequently generated by cascading a number of these matrix stages to build specific length filters. A fixed and variable block size embedded ALT image codec is presented.
Molecular cloning and expression of Neisseria meningitidis class 1 outer-membrane protein in Escherichia coli K-12. (1988)

A genomic library of meningococcal DNA from a clinical isolate of Neisseria meningitidis was constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11. Outer membrane complex was prepared from the same strain and used to immunize rabbits to raise polyclonal anti-outer membrane complex serum. The amplified library was probed with this polyclonal serum, and seven expressing recombinants were isolated; further investigations indicated these to be identical. The expressed meningococcal gene in these recombinants was fused to vector beta-galactosidase and shown to encode epitopes present on the 42-kilodalton class 1 outer membrane protein. Estimation of the size of the recombinant fusion protein suggests that up to 40 kilodaltons of protein-coding sequence is present. The lambda gt11 recombinant contains a 3.4-kilobase DNA insert, which has been recloned into a plasmid and characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis. A restriction fragment from the insert, representing the protein-coding region hybridizes to a single 2.2-kilobase XbaI fragment from the homologous strain and to similar-sized XbaI fragments in other strains of meningococci, expressing antigenically distinct class 1 proteins.
A Convenient Negishi Protocol for the Synthesis of Glycosylated Oligo(ethynylene)s (2008)

A convenient and efficient sp-sp carbon heterocoupling protocol based on the Negishi reaction was developed, in which the required zinc diacetylide was generated from 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)butadiyne in situ and reacted with a bromoacetylene in apolar solvent mixtures. The method has been applied to the synthesis of unsymmetric glycosylated and symmetric diglycosylated oligo(ethynylene)s up to the octa(ethynylene).