gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin E2 in irradiated rat ileum. (1984)

Radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract is an infrequent but major clinical problem. Results of previous studies have shown that prostaglandins provide cytoprotection of the gastrointestinal mucosa against a variety of noxious agents, although, prior to this study, the protection against radiation exposure had not been documented. Exteriorized segment of Sprague-Dawley rat ileum was radiated with 10 and 15 Gy (137Cs). One group of rats was pretreated with prostaglandin E2 one hour before and 24 hours after radiation injury. The rats were sacrificed three and five days following radiation injury. Morphometric measurement of mucosal thickness, villous height, crypt of Lieberkühn height and number of mitosis per square millimeter swath of tissue were analyzed. Also, 125IUdR and 3HTdR were injected in a group of rats radiated with 15 Gy (137Cs). 125IUdR counts per minute per milligram of dry weight and 3HTdR labeled cells were counted and analyzed. The morphometric measurements and radioactive labeled tissue counts suggest that prostaglandin E2 has a cytoprotective effect upon irradiated rat ileum. Speculations about the possible mechanism and usefulness of this observation are included.
Terahertz radiation from bacteriorhodopsin reveals correlated primary electron and proton transfer processes (2008)

The kinetics of electrogenic events associated with the different steps of the light-induced proton pump of bacteriorhodopsin is well studied in a wide range of time scales by direct electric methods. However, the investigation of the fundamental primary charge translocation phenomena taking place in the functional energy conversion process of this protein, and in other biomolecular assemblies using light energy, has remained experimentally unfeasible because of the lack of proper detection technique operating in the 0.1- to 20-THz region. Here, we show that extending the concept of the familiar Hertzian dipole emission into the extreme spatial and temporal range of intramolecular polarization processes provides an alternative way to study ultrafast electrogenic events on naturally ordered biological systems. Applying a relatively simple experimental arrangement based on this idea, we were able to observe light-induced coherent terahertz radiation from bacteriorhodopsin with femtosecond time resolution. The detected terahertz signal was analyzed by numerical simulation in the framework of different models for the elementary polarization processes. It was found that the principal component of the terahertz emission can be well described by excited-state intramolecular electron transfer within the retinal chromophore. An additional slower process is attributed to the earliest phase of the proton pump, probably occurring by the redistribution of a H bond near the retinal. The correlated electron and proton translocation supports the concept, assigning a functional role to the light-induced sudden polarization in retinal proteins.
Final Report on the Fuel Saving Effectiveness of Various Driver Feedback Approaches (2011)

This final report quantifies the fuel-savings opportunities from specific driving behavior changes, identifies factors that influence drivers' receptiveness to adopting fuel-saving behaviors, and assesses various driver feedback approaches.
Advanced giant magnetoresistance technology for measurement applications (2013)

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors are considered one of the first real applications of nanotechnology. They consist of nm-thick layered structures where ferromagnetic metals are sandwiched by nonmagnetic metals. Such multilayered films produce a large change in resistance (typically 10 to 20%) when subjected to a magnetic field, compared with a maximum change of a few per cent for other types of magnetic sensors. This technology has been intensively used in read heads for hard disk drives and now increasingly finds applications due to the high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally these sensors are compatible with miniaturization and thus offer a high spatial resolution combined with a frequency range up to the 100 MHz regime and simple electronic conditioning. In this review, we first discuss the basics of the underlying magnetoresistance effects in layered structures and then present three prominent examples for future applications: in the field of current sensing the new GMR sensors offer high bandwidth and good accuracy in a space-saving open loop measurement configuration. In rotating systems they can be used for multiturn angle measurements, and in biotechnology the detection of magnetic particles enables the quantitative measurement of biomolecule concentrations.
P and twave delineation andwaveform estimation in ECG signals using a block gibbs sampler (2011)

The delineation of P and T waves is important for the interpretation of ECG signals. We propose a Bayesian detection-estimation algorithm for simultaneous detection, delineation, and estimation of P and T waves. A block Gibbs sampler exploits the strong local dependencies in ECG signals by imposing block constraints on the P and T wave locations. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the annotated QT database and compared with two classical algorithms.
Membrane Gas Separation: A Review/State of the Art (2009)

In the last years membrane processes for gas separation are gaining a larger acceptance in industry and in the market are competing with consolidated operations such as pressure swing absorption and cryogenic distillation. The key for new applications of membranes in challenging and harsh environments (e.g., petrochemistry) is the development of new tough, high performance materials. The modular nature of membrane operations is intrinsically fit for process intensification, and this versatility might be a decisive factor to impose membrane processes in most gas separation fields, in a similar way as today membranes represent the main technology for water treatment. This review highlights the most promising areas of research in gas separation, by considering the materials for membranes, the industrial applications of membrane gas separations, and finally the opportunities for the integration of membrane gas separation units in hybrid systems for the intensification of processes.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐HYDROXY‐5‐PHENYLLEVULINIC ACID, A NOVEL MICROBIAL METABOLITE WITH ANALGESIC ACTIVITY (1974)

Abstract Die Lävulinsäure (I) wird als mikrobiocider Metabolit mit analgetischer Aktivität untersucht.
Optoelectronics: UK unveils new gallium-nitride facility (2000)

A new facility to grow gallium nitride was opened at Cambridge University last month. Gallium nitride (GaN) is the only semiconductor material that can emit blue light, which makes it valuable for a wide range of applications in optoelcctronics. The facility has received £lm in running costs from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and £500 000 worth of GaN-growth equipment from Thomas Swan Scientific Equipment, a local company owned by the German semiconductor company Aixtron.
Swallow Evaluation During Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH (2011)

Use of 10 saline swallows at the beginning of MII-pH studies is accurate, missing bolus transit abnormality in only 2 of 100 patients. It is also highly sensitive and specific for detection of esophageal transit abnormalities. This method allows detection of patients in whom further evaluation of esophageal function may be warranted.
Dentin-derived BMP-2 and Odontoblast Differentiation (2010)

It is known that stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) can be induced to differentiate into odontoblasts. However, the nature of dentin-derived morphogenic signals required for dental pulp stem cell differentiation remains unclear. The hypothesis underlying this work is that dentin-derived Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) are necessary for the differentiation of SHED into odontoblasts. We observed that SHED express markers of odontoblastic differentiation (DSPP, DMP-1, MEPE) when seeded in human tooth slice/scaffolds and cultured in vitro, or implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. In contrast, SHED cultured in deproteinized tooth slice/scaffolds, or scaffolds without a tooth slice, do not express these markers. SHED express the BMP receptors BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, and BMPR-II. Notably, blockade of BMP-2 signaling inhibited the expression of markers of odontoblastic differentiation by SHED cultured in tooth slice/scaffolds. Collectively, this work demonstrates that dentin-derived BMP-2 is required to induce the differentiation of SHED into odontoblasts.
Tackling Insider Threat in Cloud Relational Databases (2012)

Cloud security is one of the major issues that worry individuals and organizations about cloud computing. Therefore, defending cloud systems against attacks such asinsiders' attacks has become a key demand. This paper investigates insider threat in cloud relational database systems(cloud RDMS). It discusses some vulnerabilities in cloud computing structures that may enable insiders to launch attacks, and shows how load balancing across multiple availability zones may facilitate insider threat. To prevent such a threat, the paper suggests three models, which are Peer-to-Peer model, Centralized model and Mobile-Knowledgebase model, and addresses the conditions under which they work well.
Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers Coupled with Organosilicon Electrolytes:  Electrical Properties of a High-Stability Nanostructured Electrochemical Interface (2007)

Organosilicon compounds can form novel electrolytes having a number of unusual properties, including high electrochemical stability, high thermal stability, and low viscosity. Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers can act as exceptionally good nanostructured electrodes, with the vertical orientation and presence of edge-plane graphite along the sidewalls providing desirable electrochemical properties. We have explored the electrical properties of the interfaces of VACNF electrodes with a model organosilicon electrolyte solution. The compound 1-(3-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-propyl)-1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyl-disiloxane (2SM3) with added lithium bis-oxalato-borate (LiBOB) was used. Forests of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) ∼80 nm in diameter grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were used as electrodes. Our results show that the resulting interfaces yield interfacial capacitances equal to the increase in geometric area, indicating full electrochemical accessibility of the nanofiber sidewalls. Measurements as a function of potential perfect stability at applied voltages up to 3 V. Some initial Faradaic reactions arise near 3.5 V, but these decrease within a few cycles to produce interfaces that exhibit excellent stability up to 5 V while yielding >1000 μF/cm2 from nanofibers only 2 μm long. The results show that the organosilicon electrolyte combined with VACNFs provides excellent electrochemical properties. The results have implications for understanding the ability to integrate organosilicon electrolytes with high-surface-area carbon materials for applications such as electrochemical double-layer capacitors and lithium-ion batteries.
Amplification of <i>Mdmx</i> (or <i>Mdm4</i>) Directly Contributes to Tumor Formation by Inhibiting p53 Tumor Suppressor Activity (2004)

Human tumors are believed to harbor a disabled p53 tumor suppressor pathway, either through direct mutation of the p53 gene or through aberrant expression of proteins acting in the p53 pathway, such as p14(ARF) or Mdm2. A role for Mdmx (or Mdm4) as a key negative regulator of p53 function in vivo has been established. However, a direct contribution of Mdmx to tumor formation remains to be demonstrated. Here we show that retrovirus-mediated Mdmx overexpression allows primary mouse embryonic fibroblast immortalization and leads to neoplastic transformation in combination with HRas(V12). Furthermore, the human Mdmx ortholog, Hdmx, was found to be overexpressed in a significant percentage of various human tumors and amplified in 5% of primary breast tumors, all of which retained wild-type p53. Hdmx was also amplified and highly expressed in MCF-7, a breast cancer cell line harboring wild-type p53, and interfering RNA-mediated reduction of Hdmx markedly inhibited the growth potential of these cells in a p53-dependent manner. Together, these results make Hdmx a new putative drug target for cancer therapy.
SO-HandNet: Self-Organizing Network for 3D Hand Pose Estimation With Semi-Supervised Learning (2019)

3D hand pose estimation has made significant progress recently, where Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) play a critical role. However, most of the existing CNN-based hand pose estimation methods depend much on the training set, while labeling 3D hand pose on training data is laborious and time-consuming. Inspired by the point cloud autoencoder presented in self-organizing network (SO-Net), our proposed SO-HandNet aims at making use of the unannotated data to obtain accurate 3D hand pose estimation in a semi-supervised manner. We exploit hand feature encoder (HFE) to extract multi-level features from hand point cloud and then fuse them to regress 3D hand pose by a hand pose estimator (HPE). We design a hand feature decoder (HFD) to recover the input point cloud from the encoded feature. Since the HFE and the HFD can be trained without 3D hand pose annotation, the proposed method is able to make the best of unannotated data during the training phase. Experiments on four challenging benchmark datasets validate that our proposed SO-HandNet can achieve superior performance for 3D hand pose estimation via semi-supervised learning.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Streptogramin Research (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genetically Polymorphic OCT1: Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Variable Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Opioidergic Drug Tramadol (2011)

We investigated whether tramadol or its active metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol, are substrates of the organic cation transporter OCT1 and whether polymorphisms in OCT1 affect tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol pharmacokinetics. Tramadol showed high permeability through parallel artificial membrane permeability assays (PAMPAs). Tramadol uptake in HEK293 cells did not change after OCT1 overexpression, and the concentrations of tramadol in the plasma of healthy volunteers were independent of their OCT1 genotypes. In contrast, O-desmethyltramadol showed low membrane permeability, and OCT1 overexpression increased O-desmethyltramadol uptake 2.4-fold. This increase in uptake was reversed by OCT1 inhibitors and absent when loss-of-function OCT1 variants were overexpressed. Volunteers carrying loss-of-function OCT1 polymorphisms had significantly higher plasma concentrations of O-desmethyltramadol (P = 0.002, n = 41) and significantly prolonged miosis, a surrogate marker of opioidergic effects (P = 0.005, n = 24). In conclusion, polymorphisms in OCT1 influence the pharmacokinetics of O-desmethyltramadol, presumably by affecting its uptake into liver cells, and thus may modulate the efficacy of tramadol treatment.
Effects of 30 min of aerobic exercise on gene expression in human neutrophils (2007)

Relatively brief bouts of exercise alter gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether exercise changes gene expression in circulating neutrophils (whose numbers, like PBMCs, increase) is not known. We hypothesized that exercise would activate neutrophil genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and cell growth and repair, since these functions in leukocytes are known to be influenced by exercise. Blood was sampled before and immediately after 30 min of constant, heavy ( approximately 80% peak O(2) uptake) cycle ergometer exercise in 12 healthy men (19-29 yr old) of average fitness. Neutrophils were isolated using density gradients; RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix U133+2 Genechip arrays. With false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 with 95% confidence, a total of 526 genes were differentially expressed between before and after exercise. Three hundred and sixteen genes had higher expression after exercise. The Jak/STAT pathway, known to inhibit apoptosis, was significantly activated (EASE score, P < 0.005), but 14 genes were altered in a way likely to accelerate apoptosis as well. Similarly, both proinflammatory (e.g., IL-32, TNFSF8, and CCR5) and anti-inflammatory (e.g., ANXA1) were affected. Growth and repair genes like AREG and FGF2 receptor genes (involved in angiogenesis) were also activated. Finally, a number of neutrophil genes known to be involved in pathological conditions like asthma and arthritis were altered by exercise, suggesting novel links between physical activity and disease or its prevention. In summary, brief heavy exercise leads to a previously unknown substantial and significant alteration in neutrophil gene expression.
Retrospective and prospective evaluation of the Amplicor HPV test for detection of 13 high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes on 862 clinical samples. (2005)

In our hands, the Amplicor HPV test demonstrated high analytical sensitivity and specificity. The higher analytical specificity of Amplicor in comparison to that of hc2 can be considered clinically useful. Prospective studies with clinical endpoints are urgently needed to assess the clinical utility of the higher analytical sensitivity of the Amplicor HPV test for primary HPV screening and triaging patients with ASC-US.
Mutation of a basic sequence in the laminin α2LG3 module leads to a lack of proteolytic processing and has different effects on β1 integrin‐mediated cell adhesion and α‐dystroglycan binding (1999)

A RRKRRQ sequence unique to the LG3 module of the laminin alpha2 chain was previously shown to be sensitive to endogenous proteolysis during the recombinant production of the tandem array alpha2LG1-3. Mutation of RQ surrounding the cleaved peptide bond did not prevent this processing and intracellular degradation. Alanine mutagenesis of three alternate basic residues, however, was shown to prevent the cleavage in alpha2LG1-3, allowing for the alpha2LG3 module to be obtained as a folded, globular fragment. The mutation did not change heparin and sulfatide binding or cell adhesion of alpha2LG1-3 which can be mediated by alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1 integrins. It did, however, cause a 10-fold reduction in alpha-dystroglycan binding. The data favor the interpretation that binding epitopes for heparin/sulfatides, beta1 integrins and alpha-dystroglycan occupy different parts of the alpha2LG1-3 structure.
Effects of Dietary Eritadenine on the Liver Microsomal<i>Δ</i>6-Desaturase Activity and Its mRNA in Rats (2003)

Eritadenine, a hypocholesterolemic factor of Lentinus edodes mushroom, has a wide range of effects on lipid metabolism such as an increase in the liver microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentration, a decrease in the liver microsomal Delta6-desaturase activity, and an alteration of the fatty acid and molecular species profile of liver and plasma lipids. In this study, the time-dependent effects of dietary eritadenine on several variables concerning lipid metabolism were investigated in rats to clarify the sequence of metabolic changes caused by eritadenine, with special interest in the association of the liver microsomal phospholipid profile and the activity of Delta6-desaturase. The effect of dietary eritadenine on the abundance of mRNA for Delta6-desaturase was also investigated. When the time required for a half-change of variables was estimated during the first 5 days after the change from the control diet to the eritadenine-supplemented (50 mg/kg) diet, the change rates of the variables were fastest in the following order: alteration of the liver microsomal phospholipid profile>decrease in liver microsomal Delta6-desaturase activity>alteration of the fatty acid and molecular species profiles of microsomal and plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC)>decrease in the plasma cholesterol concentration. There was a significant correlation between the Delta6-desaturase activity and liver microsomal PE concentration, but not PC concentration, or the proportion of PC and PE or the PC/PE ratio. The suppression of Delta6-desaturase activity by dietary eritadenine was accompanied by a significant reduction in the abundance of mRNA for the enzyme. These results suggest that dietary eritadenine might suppress the activity of liver microsomal Delta6-desaturase by altering the microsomal phospholipid profile, as represented by an increase in PE concentration, and that the effect of eritadenine is mediated by the regulation of gene expression.
Conscious and Nonconscious Processes (2008)

Abstract Among the many brain events evoked by a visual stimulus, which ones are associated specifically with conscious perception, and which merely reflect nonconscious processing? Understanding the neuronal mechanisms of consciousness is a major challenge for cognitive neuroscience. Recently, progress has been achieved by contrasting behavior and brain activation in minimally different experimental conditions, one of which leads to conscious perception whereas the other does not. This chapter reviews briefly this line of research and speculates on its theoretical interpretation. I propose to draw links between evidence accumulation models, which are highly successful in capturing elementary psychophysical decisions, and the conscious/nonconscious dichotomy. In this framework, conscious access would correspond to the crossing of a threshold in evidence accumulation within a distributed "global workspace," a set of recurrently connected neurons with long axons that is able to integrate and broadcast back evidence from multiple brain processors. During nonconscious processing, evidence would be accumulated locally within specialized subcircuits, but would fail to reach the threshold needed for global ignition and, therefore, conscious reportability.