gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OpenMP: parallel programming API for shared memory multiprocessors and on-chip multiprocessors (2003)

The OpenMP application programming interface is an emerging standard for parallel programming on shared-memory multiprocessors. Recently, OpenMP is attracting widespread interest because of its easy-to-use portable parallel programming model. In this paper, we describe a brief introduction of OpenMP API and its parallel programming. We present our Omni OpenMP complier and performance of some applications on a shared memory multiprocessor. In the end, a role of OpenMP for modern on-chip multiprocessors is discussed.
Segmentation of the central nervous system in leech (2000)

Central nervous system (CNS) in leech comprises segmentally iterated progeny derived from five embryonic lineages (M, N, O, P and Q). Segmentation of the leech CNS is characterized by the formation of a series of transverse fissures that subdivide initially continuous columns of segmental founder cells in the N lineage into distinct ganglionic primordia. We have examined the relationship between the N lineage cells that separate to form the fissures and lateral ectodermal and mesodermal derivatives by differentially labeling cells with intracellular lineage tracers and antibodies. Although subsets of both lateral ectoderm and muscle fibers contact N lineage cells at or near the time of fissure formation, ablation experiments suggest that these contacts are not required for initiating fissure formation. It appears, therefore, that this aspect of segmentation occurs autonomously within the N lineage. To support this idea, we present evidence that fundamental differences exist between alternating ganglionic precursor cells (nf and ns primary blast cells) within the N lineage. Specifically, ablation of an nf primary blast cell sometimes resulted in the fusion of ipsilateral hemi-ganglia, while ablation of an ns primary blast cell often caused a 'slippage' of blast cells posterior to the lesion. Also, differences in cell behavior were observed in biochemically arrested nf and ns primary blast cells. Collectively, these results lead to a model of segmentation in the leech CNS that is based upon differences in cell adhesion and/or cell motility between the alternating nf and ns primary blast cells. We note that the segmentation processes described here occur well prior to the expression of the leech engrailed-class gene in the N lineage.
Real-time high-throughput sonar beamforming kernels using native signal processing and memory latency hiding techniques (2003)

We evaluate the use of native signal processing with loop unrolling and software prefetching to achieve high-performance digital signal processing on general-purpose processors. We apply these techniques to minimize the number of processors necessary for real-time implementation of a 3-D sonar beamformer. Because our beamforming kernels operate on high-throughput (/spl sim/100 Mb/s) input/output streams, memory latency hiding techniques are key for maximum performance. On the Sun UltraSPARC-II processor, we find speedups of 2.4 for hand loop unrolling, 1.46 for the visual instruction set over floating-point arithmetic in C, and 1.33 for software prefetching.
CTC: An end-to-end flow control protocol for multi-core systems-on-chip (2009)

We propose Connection then Credits (CTC) as a new end-to-end flow control protocol to handle message-dependent deadlocks in networks-on-chip (NoC) for multicore systems-on-chip. CTC is based on the classic end-to-end credit-based flow control protocol but differs from it because it uses a network interface micro-architecture where a single credit counter and a single input data queue are shared among all possible communications. This architectural simplification reduces the area occupation of the network interfaces and increases their design reuse: for instance, the same network interface can be used to connect a core independently of the number of incoming and outgoing communications. CTC, however, requires a handshake preamble to initialize the credit counter in the sender network interface based on the buffering capacity of the receiver network interface. While this necessarily introduces a latency overhead in the transfer of a message, simulation-based experimental results show that the penalty in performance is limited when large messages need to be transferred, thus making CTC a valid solution for particular classes of applications such as video stream processing.
Ultrathin Polyaniline-based Buffer Layer for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with Wide Applicability (2014)

Interfacial buffer layers often attribute the improved device performance in organic optoelectronic device. Herein, a water-soluble hydrochloric acid doped polyanilines (HAPAN) were utilized as p-type electrode buffer layer in highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSC) based on PBDTTT-EFT and several representative polymers. The PBDTTT-EFT-based conventional PSC featuring ultrathin HAPAN (1.3 nm) delivered high PCE approximately 9%, which is one of the highest values among conventional PSC devices. Moreover, ultrathin HAPAN also exhibited wide applicability in a variety of efficient photovoltaic polymers including PBDTTT-C-T, PTB7, PBDTBDD, PBTTDPP-T, PDPP3T and P3HT. The excellent performances were originated from the high transparency, small film roughness and suitable work function.
The establishment of human T cell lines reactive with specific periodontal bacteria (1992)

Human T cell lines (TCLs) were obtained by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the 2 periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis FDC-381 and Fusobacterium nucleatum FDC-263. After the first round of stimulation and rest, the cells responded specifically to the bacteria originally used to establish each line. Throughout the culture period, the responsiveness of each of the TCLs to their specific bacteria increased. Phenotypic analysis of the TCLs revealed heterogeneity of cell types. In both TCLs approximately 80% of the cells were T cells, all of which bore the alpha beta T cell receptor. The P. gingivalis-reactive TCL (PG-TCL) showed approximately equal proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, whereas the F. nucleatum-reactive TCL (FN-TCL) was predominantly CD4+. The expression of CD25, HLA-DR, CD45RA and CD29 on these CD4+ cells varied throughout the culture period of 45 days. These results demonstrate that it is possible to establish long-term T cell lines reacting to specific periodontopathic bacteria.
The optimal optical readout for the x‐ray light valve—Document scanners (2008)

The x-ray light valve (XLV) is a novel, potentially low-cost, x-ray detector that converts an x-ray exposure into an optical image stored in a liquid crystal cell. This optical image is then transferred from the liquid crystal cell to a computer through an optical-to-digital imaging readout system. Previously, CCD-based cameras were used for the optical readout, but recently it was proposed that an inexpensive optical scanner, such as an office document scanner, is a better match to the optical properties of the XLV. A methodology for characterizing a document scanner's ability to produce medical quality images from the XLV is outlined and tested on a particular scanner (Canon LiDE 30). This scanner was shown to have key characteristics of a medical device-a linear response, dynamic range sufficient for chest radiography (although not mammography) in a single pass, and an MTF and NPS that exceed the requirements for all medical applications of the scanner. This combination of criteria shows that a document scanner can be used as a digitization method for the XLV.
Does Health Information Matter for Modifying Consumption? A Field Experiment Measuring the Impact of Risk Information on Fish Consumption (2009)

A field experiment was conducted in France to evaluate the impact of health information on fish consumption. A warning given to the treatment group revealed the risks of methylmercury contamination in fish and also gave consumption recommendations. Using difference-in-differences estimation, we show that this warning led to a significant but relatively weak decrease in fish consumption. However, consumption of the most contaminated fish did not decrease despite advice to avoid consumption of these types of fish. Accompanying questionnaires show that consumers imperfectly memorize the fish species quoted in the warning. The results point to the relatively poor efficacy of a complex health message, despite its use by health agencies around the world.
Modification of menhaden oil by enzymatic acidolysis to produce structured lipids: Optimization by response surface design in a packed bed reactor (2000)

Abstract Structured lipids from menhaden oil were produced by enzymatic acidolysis in a packed bed reactor. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the reaction. Lipozyme IM from Rhizomucor miehei lipase was the biocatalyst, and caprylic acid was the acyl donor. Parameters such as residence time, substrate molar ratio, and reaction temperature were included for the optimization. High incorporation of acyl donor and retention of high levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in the original menhaden oil were obtained. Good quadratic models were obtained for the incorporation of caprylic acid and for the content of EPA plus DHA retained, by multiple regression with backward elimination. The coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) for the two models were 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. The regression probabilities ( P ) were below 0.003 for both models. Also, the predicted values from the two models had linear relationships with the observed responses. All parameters studied had positive effects on the incorporation of caprylic acid, but only residence time and substrate molar ratio had negative effects on the content of EPA plus DHA retained. The optimal conditions generated from models were temperature =65°C, substrate molar ratio=4–5, and residence time=180–220 min. Incorporated caprylic acid did not replace DHA, but the content of EPA decreased somewhat with an increase in caprylic acid incorporation.
Generation of a hollow dark spherical spot by 4pi focusing of a radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian beam (2006)

The properties of the focal spot for 4pi focusing with radially polarized first-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams are calculated. It is shown that a focal spot that has an extremely sharp dark region at the center and an almost-perfect spherical symmetry can be achieved. When such a hollow dark spherical spot is used in 4pi fluorescence depletion microscopy, an axial FWHM spot size of approximately 39 nm and a transverse FWHM spot size of approximately 64 nm can be achieved simultaneously in a practical system.
New Mud Pulse Telemetry Techniques for Deepwater Applications and Improved Real-Time Data Capabilities (2001)

Abstract Increasing water depth, total well depth, synthetic mud systems and increasing measurement complexity pose unique challenges for real-time data transmission via mud pulse telemetry. In deepwater environments, where the use of synthetic oil-based mud is prevalent, low water temperature significantly increases mud viscosity which reduces the signal strength at surface and makes detection of the signal more difficult. Noise within the mud channel further hinders transmission of downhole data. With rig rates approaching $350k per day and total well depths beginning to exceed 10700 m (35,000 ft), operators cannot afford to drill ahead without good quality real-time downhole data. On recent wells in deep water conditions in the Gulf of Mexico as many as seven different measurement while drilling/logging while drilling (MWD/LWD) tools have been run concurrently. Some of these tools may include the capability to produce real-time images. There is thus an increasing demand for higher data rates coupled with more reliable telemetry to transmit all this data to the surface in real-time. Recent advances in MWD tool design, signal strength prediction, and signal recovery on the surface, using advanced digital signal processing techniques, have made it possible to double telemetry data rates while also reducing error rates in the data received at the surface.
Role of IL‐38 and Its Related Cytokines in Inflammation (2015)

Interleukin- (IL-) 38 is a recently discovered cytokine and is the tenth member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-38 shares structural features with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-36Ra. IL-36R is the specific receptor of IL-38, a partial receptor antagonist of IL-36. IL-38 inhibits the production of T-cell cytokines IL-17 and IL-22. IL-38 also inhibits the production of IL-8 induced by IL-36γ, thus inhibiting inflammatory responses. IL-38-related cytokines, including IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra, are involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses. The study of IL-38 and IL-38-related cytokines might provide new insights for developing anti-inflammatory treatments in the near future.
Reliability Monitoring of Adhesive Joints by Piezoelectricity (2003)

Since the reliability of adhesively bonded joints for composite structures is dependent on many parameters such as the shape and dimensions of joints, type of applied load, and environment, so an accurate estimation of the fatigue life of adhesively bonded joints is seldom possible, which necessitates an in-situ reliability monitoring of the joints during the operation of structures.In this study , a self-sensor method for adhesively bonded joints was devised, in which the adhesive used works as a piezoelectric material to send changing signals depending on the integrity of the joint.From the investigation, it was found that the electric charge incresed gradually as cracks initiated and propagated in the anhesive layer, and had its maximum value when the adhesively bonded joint failed.So it is feasible to monitor the integrity of the joint during its lifetime.Finally, a relationship between the piezoelectric property of the adhesive and crack propagation was obtained from the experimental results.
On route selection for interdomain traffic engineering (2005)

In this article we investigate a model of route selection for interdomain traffic engineering where routing to multiple destinations can be coordinated. We identify potential routing instability and inefficiency problems, and derive a set of practical guidelines to guarantee stability without global coordination. Using a realistic Internet topology, we show that route oscillations can happen even when a small number of ASes coordinate route selection for just a small number of destinations if the coordination does not follow our guidelines. Wc further extend our model so that ASes can adopt any route selection algorithms in a class of algorithms we call rational route selection algorithms; and the local ranking of routes of an AS can depend on ingress traffic patterns. We show that persistent route oscillations can happen in certain network settings even if the ASes strictly follow the constraints imposed by business considerations, and adopt any rational route selection algorithms.
PAS-mediated Dimerization of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Revealed by Signal Transduction Histidine Kinase Domain Crystal Structure (2007)

Signal transduction histidine kinases (STHK) are key for sensing environmental stresses, crucial for cell survival, and attain their sensing ability using small molecule binding domains. The N-terminal domain in an STHK from Nostoc punctiforme is of unknown function yet is homologous to the central region in soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), the main receptor for nitric oxide (NO). This domain is termed H-NOXA (or H-NOBA) because it is often associated with the heme-nitric oxide/oxygen binding (H-NOX) domain. A structure-function approach was taken to investigate the role of H-NOXA in STHK and sGC. We report the 2.1 A resolution crystal structure of the dimerized H-NOXA domain of STHK, which reveals a Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) fold. The H-NOXA monomers dimerize in a parallel arrangement juxtaposing their N-terminal helices and preceding residues. Such PAS dimerization is similar to that previously observed for EcDOS, AvNifL, and RmFixL. Deletion of 7 N-terminal residues affected dimer organization. Alanine scanning mutagenesis in sGC indicates that the H-NOXA domains of sGC could adopt a similar dimer organization. Although most putative interface mutations did decrease sGCbeta1 H-NOXA homodimerization, heterodimerization of full-length heterodimeric sGC was mostly unaffected, likely due to the additional dimerization contacts of sGC in the coiled-coil and catalytic domains. Exceptions are mutations sGCalpha1 F285A and sGCbeta1 F217A, which each caused a drastic drop in NO stimulated activity, and mutations sGCalpha1 Q368A and sGCbeta1 Q309A, which resulted in both a complete lack of activity and heterodimerization. Our structural and mutational results provide new insights into sGC and STHK dimerization and overall architecture.
Inter-Channel Nonlinear Interference Noise in WDM Systems: Modeling and Mitigation (2014)

We review the modeling of inter-channel nonlinear interference noise (NLIN) in fiber-optic communication systems, focusing on the accurate extraction of the NLIN variance, the dependence on modulation format, the role of nonlinear phase-noise, and the existence of temporal correlations. We show ways in which temporal correlations can be exploited for reducing the impact of NLIN, and discuss the prospects of this procedure in future systems.
Dielectric relaxations and electrical conductivities of poly(alkyl methacrylates) under high pressure (1968)

Abstract Dielectric properties of four methacrylate polymers (methyl, ethyl, n ‐butyl and n ‐octyl) were studied in the frequency range 0.0001 cps–300 kcps at temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature and at various pressures up to 2500 atm. At temperatures well above T g a single relaxation peak (α′ peak) was observed in the case of the higher n ‐alkyl methacrylates. However, this peak was split into two peaks, α and β, with decrease in temperature or increase in pressure. The molecular motions corresponding to the α and the β relaxation processes are the micro‐Brownian motions of amorphous main chains and of flexible side chains, respectively. From the temperature and the pressure dependence of the average dielectric relaxation time of these polymers the single relaxation process (the α′ process) was attributed to the micro‐Brownian motion of the main chain coupled with that of the side chain. The effects of temperature and pressure on the d.c. conductivity of these polymers were also studied.
[The neuroinflammation hypothesis of psychiatric disorders]. (2012)

The etiology of psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia remains unclear while, in many aspects, the neuropathology of these disorders has recently been reported to be closely associated with neuroinflammation. Microglia, which are the major players of innate immunity in the CNS, respond rapidly to even minor pathological changes in the brain and may contribute directly to the neuroinflammation by producing various proinflammatory cytokines and free radicals. We and other researchers have recently shown the inhibitory effects of some antidepressants as well as some antipsychotics on the release of inflammatory cytokines and free radicals from activated microglia, both of which have recently been known to cause the synaptic pathology, a decrease in neurogenesis, and white matter abnormalities found in the brains of patients with psychiatric disorders. Microglial activation may not be the primary cause of psychiatric disorders but it may be closely related to the pathology of acute stage of psychiatric disorders. The neuroinflammaiton hypothesis of psychiatric disorders may shed new light on the therapeutic strategy for these disorders.
Regeneration of mature dermis by transplanted particulate acellular dermal matrix in a rat model of skin defect wound (2012)

Native mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) has been made in various forms including particles, sheet and mesh which are appropriate for site-specific applications. The ECM particles are usually created by homogenization method and have a wider size distribution. This needs to be improved to produce more uniform ECM particles. In present study, we had successfully developed a method for preparing particulate acellular dermal matrix (PADM) in different gauges. The resultant PADM was approaching a rectangular parallelepiped or cubic shape, with a better or narrower size distribution than other ECM particles in previous reports. It also retained ultrastructure and functional molecules of native ECM. In vivo performances were evaluated after implantation of PADM in an acute full-thickness skin defect wound in rats. Histological analysis showed that allogeneic PADM used as dermal regeneration template could facilitate maturation and improving collagen bundle structure of regenerated dermis at the endpoint of 20 weeks post-surgery. The PADM could be used for further investigation in analyzing the impacts of cellularly and/or molecularly modified PADM on soft tissue regeneration.
Programmable, four-channel, 128-sample, 40-Ms/s analog-ternary correlator (1990)

A four-channel, analog-ternary, charge-coupled device (CCD) correlator that extends the state of the art in several important areas is discussed. Surface acoustic wave, acoustic charge transport, and CCD implementation technologies are compared, and the architecture of the CCD device is described. It is shown that in addition to a sampling rate up to 40 megasamples/second (Ms/s), a dynamic range of 66 dB, and nonlinearity below -50 dB, the device exhibits a level of integration and user-friendliness not previously available. The correlator is intended for use in communications and radar systems where pseudonoise codes are employed.
Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Contains Both Oxidized Lipids and Relatively Large Amounts of α-Tocopherol and Ascorbate (1995)

We assessed the antioxidant status and contents of unoxidized and oxidized lipids in freshly obtained, homogenized samples of both normal human iliac arteries and carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaque. Optimal sample preparation involved homogenization of human atherosclerotic plaque for 5 minutes, which resulted in recovery of most of the unoxidized and oxidized lipids without substantial destruction of endogenous vitamins C and E and 87% and 43% recoveries of added standards of alpha-tocotrienol and isoascorbate, respectively. The total protein, lipid, and antioxidant levels obtained from human plaque varied among donors, although the reproducibility of replicates from a single sample was within 3%, except for ubiquinone-10 and ascorbate, which varied by 20% and 25%, respectively. Plaque samples contained significantly more ascorbate and urate than control arteries, with no discernible difference in the vitamin C redox status between plaque and control materials. The concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinone-10 were comparable in plaque samples and control arteries. However, approximately 9 mol percent of plaque alpha-tocopherol was present as alpha-tocopherylquinone, whereas this oxidation product of vitamin E was not detectable in control arteries. Coenzyme Q10 in plaque and control arteries was only detected in the oxidized form ubiquinone-10, although coenzyme Q10 oxidation may have occurred during processing. The most abundant of all studied lipids in plaque samples was free cholesterol, followed by cholesteryl oleate and cholesteryl linoleate (Ch18:2). Approximately 30% of plaque Ch18:2 was oxidized, with 17%, 12%, and 1% present as fatty acyl hydroxides, ketones, and hydroperoxides, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Available hydrogen from formic acid decomposed by rare earth elements promoted Pd‐Au/C catalysts at low temperature (2010)

Raring to go: Rare earth elements (REs) are very effective in promoting Pd–Au/C catalysts. High-quality hydrogen is evolved from the catalyzed decomposition of formic acid by Pd–Au–REs/C (REs=Dy, Eu, and Ho) catalysts at low temperature. High performance of fuel cell was achieved by using this hydrogen.