gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Model to Enhance Domestic Energy Consumption forecast (2012)

Precise forecast of energy consumption demand is difficult because of its rapid growth, however, it is considered vital for energy planning, development mechanism and economic success. In this study, a Bayesian statistical technique is applied to a dynamic linear model to predict a complex energy consumption demand problem. The time series considered is a real case of nonlinear, non-stationary household energy demand data. The forecast is generated from the marginal posterior distribution of all the predictants of the proposed model. The forecast result is tested and compared with actual data and two alternate models. Bayesian dynamic leaner model has proven to be efficient, and possess the capacity to estimate values of uncertain parameters of large scale combinatorial problems. Test results indicate that Bayesian model can be preferred over the classical artificial neural networks and the statistical model due to better capacity to solve multi-dimensional forecasting problems.
'Roots'?: the relationship\nbetween the global and the local\nwithin the Extreme Metal scene (2000)

Music's 'malleability' (Taylor 1997) has always facilitated its export and import from one location to another. Indeed, such processes are central to the creation and dissemination of new musical forms. Yet in our contemporary globalised world, such processes occur ever more extensively and rapidly giving rise to new forms of appropriation and syncretism. Record companies from the developed world find new audiences in the developing world (Laing 1986). Musicians from the West appropriate non-Western music, sometimes collaboratively (Feld 1994; Taylor 1997). Non-Western musicians and musicians from subaltern groups within the West create new syncretic forms drawing on both Western and non-Western music (Mitchell 1996; Lipsitz 1994, Slobin 1993). The resulting 'global ecumene' produces considerable 'cultural disorder' (Featherstone 1990, p. 6) whose results cannot easily be summarised.
Linear Accelerator as a Neurosurgical Tool for Stereotactic Radiosurgery (1988)

A new system has been developed for stereotactically delivering prescribed high doses of radiation to precisely located volumes of approximately 0.6 to 10.0 ml within the brain. A Brown-Roberts-Wells stereotactic apparatus and a 6-MeV linear accelerator equipped with a special collimator (12.5 to 30 mm in diameter) have been adapted. The 20-mm collimator allows treatment of a nearly spherical volume of 2.1 ml. Outside the treatment field, the dosage declines to 80% of the dose prescribed for the periphery of the lesion over a distance of 1.8 mm and to 50% over the next 3.4 mm. Localization can be accomplished via computed tomography or cerebral angiography. Treatment is accomplished with an arcing beam of photon radiation with the turntable (couch) in each of four positions. The entire system has been extensively tested for accuracy in alignment and distribution of radiation. Errors have been measured for the alignment of the apparatus and for the process of localization. Safety of operation was emphasized throughout the design and testing phase.
Eutanasia y suicidio asistido (2006)

The aim of this report is to review the actual situation around public debate about Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide, analysing the arguments against and pros for a permissive change in the penal law. Also, a review over different law models is made, with special attention to the states in which they are any kind of penal exemption (Nederland, Belgium, Switzerland, Oregon). The Spanish Law is analysed, with evaluation of the impact made for the new Registry of Previous Instructions, a tool included in the new Law of Patient's Autonomy (Law 41/2002). Finally, different forms of Euthanasia are exposed, focusing ethic problems derived from the application of extraordinary measures (like sedative's use) which involve a double effect and the role of the Palliative Care Units in an overall sanitary assistance.
Analysis of diverse direct arylation polymerization (DArP) conditions toward the efficient synthesis of polymers converging with stille polymers in organic solar cells (2016)

ABSTRACT Despite the emergence of direct arylation polymerization (DArP) as an alternative method to traditional cross‐coupling routes like Stille polymerization, the exploration of DArP polymers in practical applications like polymer solar cells (PSCs) is limited. DArP polymers tend to have a reputation for being marginally inferior to Stille counterparts due to the increased presence of defects that result from unwanted side reactions in direct arylation, such as unselective C‐H bond activation and homocoupling. We report ten DArP protocols across the three major classes of DArP to generate poly[(2,5‐bis(2‐hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)‐alt‐(4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDTBT). Through evaluation of the method and resulting photophysical and electronic properties, we show not all DArP methods are suitable for generating device‐quality alternating copolymers. When DArP PPDTBT was synthesized in superheated THF with Cs 2 CO 3 , neodecanoic acid, and P( o ‐anisyl) 3 , it generated polymers of exceptional quality that performed comparably to Stille counterparts in both roll coated ITO‐free and spin‐coated ITO devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 2907–2918
ChipOS: Open power-management platform to overcome the power crisis in future LSIs (2002)

The power consumption of chips, including the subthreshold and gate-tunnel leakage currents, is continuing to increase dramatically. If this trend continues, power dissipation will be the primary limiter of performance and integration. A power-management platform called ChipOS overcomes the power crisis in LSIs. ChipOS, an operating system for a chip, provides an open power management platform for system-on-a-chip devices.
Transferrin receptor containing the SDYQRL motif of TGN38 causes a reorganization of the recycling compartment but is not targeted to the TGN. (1996)

The SDYQRL motif of the cytoplasmic domain of TGN38 is involved in targeting TGN38 from endosomes to the TGN. To create a system for studying this pathway, we replaced the native transferrin receptor (TR) internalization motif (YTRF) with the SDYQRL TGN-targeting motif. The advantages of using TR as a reporter molecule include the ability to monitor trafficking, in both biochemical and microscopy experiments, using the natural ligand transferrin. When expressed in CHO cells, the SDYQRL-TR construct accumulated in juxtanuclear tubules and vesicles that are in the vicinity of the TGN. The SDYQRL-TR-containing structures, however, do not colocalize with TGN markers (e.g., NBD ceramide), and therefore the SDYQRL motif is not sufficient to target the TR to the TGN. The morphology of the SDYQRL-TR-containing juxtanuclear structures is different from the recycling compartment found in cells expressing the wild-type TR. In addition, the SDYQRL-TR-containing juxtanuclear compartment is more acidic than the recycling compartment in cells expressing the wild-type TR. The juxtanuclear compartment, however, is a bona fide recycling compartment since SDYQRL-TR was recycled back to the cell surface at a rate comparable to the wild-type TR, and sphingomyelin and cellubrevin, both of which label all compartments of the endocytic recycling pathway, colocalize with SDYQRL-TR in the juxtanuclear structures. These findings demonstrate that expression of the SDYQRL-TR construct alters the morphology and pH of endocytic recycling compartments rather than selectively affecting the intracellular trafficking pathway of the SDYQRL-TR construct. Therefore, the SDYQRL trafficking motif is not simply a molecular address that targets proteins to the TGN, but it can play an active role in determining the physical characteristics of endosomal compartments.
DIRECTED DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS FOR VALIDATING PROBABILITY OF DETECTION CAPABILITY OF NDE SYSTEMS (DOEPOD) (2008)

The capability of an inspection system is established by applications of various methodologies to determine the probability of detection (POD). One accepted metric of an adequate inspection system is that there is 95% confidence that the POD is greater than 90% (90/95 POD). Directed design of experiments for probability of detection (DOEPOD) has been developed to provide an efficient and accurate methodology that yields observed POD and confidence bounds for both Hit‐Miss or signal amplitude testing. Specifically, DOEPOD demands utilization of observance of occurrences. Directed DOEPOD does not assume prescribed POD logarithmic or similar functions with assumed adequacy over a wide range of flaw sizes and inspection system technologies, so that multi‐parameter curve fitting or model optimization approaches to generate a POD curve are not required.
Decoding hind limb kinematics from neuronal activity of the dorsal horn neurons using multiple level learning algorithm (2018)

Decoding continuous hind limb joint angles from sensory recordings of neural system provides a feedback for closed-loop control of hind limb movement using functional electrical stimulation. So far, many attempts have been done to extract sensory information from dorsal root ganglia and sensory nerves. In this work, we examine decoding joint angles trajectories from the single-electrode extracellular recording of dorsal horn gray matter of the spinal cord during passive limb movement in anesthetized cats. In this study, a processing framework based on ensemble learning approach is propose to combine firing rate (FR) and interspike interval (ISI) information of the neuronal activity. For this purpose, a stacked generalization approach based on recurrent neural network is proposed to enhance decoding accuracy of the movement kinematics. The results show that the high precision neural decoding of limb movement can be achieved even with a single electrode implanted in the spinal cord gray matter.
A comparison of the relative effectiveness of three transplant preservation fluids upon the integrity and function of rabbit proximal convoluted tubules perfused <i>in vitro</i> (1986)

Rabbits were anaesthetized and kidneys removed directly with no flush (group NF), or alternatively kidneys were flushed (group F) with sodium phosphate buffered 140 mmol/l sucrose (PBsuc 140), Collins C2 (C2) or Euro-Collins (EC) transplant preservation solutions and stored at 4 degrees C for 0-4, 24 or 48 h. Mid-cortical proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) segments were dissected from all groups and set up for microperfusion in vitro. Observations were made of tubule morphology, fluid reabsorption rate (Jv), bath leak of the glomerular marker iothalamate and transmural potential difference (p.d.), both at 37 degrees C and at 15-20 degrees C, in order to compare the relative effectiveness of the solutions in the preservation of tubule integrity and immediate function. Tubules from kidneys flushed with EC and C2 contained luminal debris and frequently had high bath leaks of iothalamate, both indicative of poor preservation of tubule integrity. In contrast, tubules from NF kidneys and PBsuc 140-flushed kidneys were free of luminal debris with a lower incidence of high iothalamate leaks. Tubules from PBsuc 140-flushed and EC-flushed kidneys after 0-4 and 24 h storage had Jv that were similar to those of NF kidneys. Tubules from all groups of flushed kidneys after 48 h cold storage and all tubules from C2-flushed kidneys showed reduced Jv values. In all cases Jv was reduced to approximately zero when the temperature was lowered to 15-20 degrees C. Transmural p.d. was similar in all groups except for particularly low p.d. values observed in tubules from C2-flushed kidneys after 48 h storage. These observations suggest that PBsuc 140 is more effective in the preservation of tubule function during prolonged cold storage than the glucose-based Collins solutions. The marked difference in the effectiveness of C2 and EC contraindicates the inclusion of magnesium (present in C2) for preservation of kidneys, as judged by experiments on the rabbit.
Free Fatty Acid Receptors as Mediators and Therapeutic Targets in Liver Disease (2021)

Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have wide-ranging effects on human physiology. The four well-characterized FFARs are FFAR1/GPR40, FFAR2/GPR43, FFAR3/GPR41, and FFAR4/GPR120. Short-chain (<6 carbon) fatty acids target FFAR2/GPR43 and FFAR3/GPR41. Medium- and long-chain fatty acids (6-12 and 13-21 carbon, respectively) target both FFAR1/GPR40 and FFAR4/GPR120. Signaling through FFARs has been implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), and a variety of other liver disorders. FFARs are now regarded as targets for therapeutic intervention for liver disease, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we provide an in-depth, focused summary of the role FFARs play in liver health and disease.
Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I)-Specific CD4+ T Cells: Immunodominance Hierarchy and Preferential Infection with HTLV-I (2004)

CD4(+) T cells predominate in early lesions in the CNS in the inflammatory disease human lymphotropic T cell virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), but the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear and the HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) T cell response has been little studied. We quantified the IFN-gamma-producing HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) T cells, in patients with HAM/TSP and in asymptomatic carriers with high proviral load, to test two hypotheses: that HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers with a similar proviral load differ in the immunodominance hierarchy or the total frequency of specific CD4(+) T cells, and that HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) T cells are preferentially infected with HTLV-I. The strongest CD4(+) T cell response in both HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic carriers was specific to Env. This contrasts with the immunodominance of Tax in the HTLV-I-specific CD8(+) T cell response. The median frequency of HTLV-I-specific IFN-gamma(+) CD4(+) T cells was 25-fold greater in patients with HAM/TSP (p = 0.0023, Mann-Whitney) than in asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers with a similar proviral load. Furthermore, the frequency of CD4(+) T cells infected with HTLV-I (expressing Tax protein) was significantly greater (p = 0.0152, Mann-Whitney) among HTLV-I-specific cells than CMV-specific cells. These data were confirmed by quantitative PCR for HTLV-I DNA. We conclude that the high frequency of specific CD4(+) T cells was associated with the disease HAM/TSP, and did not simply reflect the higher proviral load that is usually found in HAM/TSP patients. Finally, we conclude that HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) T cells are preferentially infected with HTLV-I.
Distinct roles for cysteine cathepsin genes in multistage tumorigenesis (2006)

Multiple types of degradative enzymes, including cathepsins of the cysteine protease family, have been implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis and invasion during cancer progression. Several cysteine cathepsins are up-regulated in a mouse model of pancreatic islet cell carcinogenesis (RIP1-Tag2), and tumor progression is impaired following their collective pharmacologic inhibition. Using null mutations of four of the implicated cysteine cathepsins, we have now dissected their individual roles in cancer development. Mutants of cathepsins B or S impaired tumor formation and angiogenesis, while cathepsin B or L knockouts retarded cell proliferation and tumor growth. Absence of any one of these three genes impaired tumor invasion. In contrast, removal of cathepsin C had no effect on either tumor formation or progression. We have identified E-cadherin as a target substrate of cathepsins B, L, and S, but not cathepsin C, potentially explaining their differential effects on tumor invasion. Furthermore, we detected analogous increases in cathepsin expression in human pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, and a significant association between increased levels of cathepsins B and L and tumor malignancy. Thus individual cysteine cathepsin genes make distinctive contributions to tumorigenesis.
Emergency Medical Service Systems that Improve Patient Survivability (2010)

Abstract The goal of emergency medical service (EMS) systems is to save lives. Although EMS systems traditionally deploy their units at fixed locations (i.e., “stations”), this is not necessarily the optimal way to respond when resources are limited. This article summarizes the key issues in defining performance measures, utilizing scarce emergency medical resources, and assessing EMS performance when applying operations research methodologies to EMS systems and explicitly focusing on patient outcomes. This article overviews standards currently used by many EMS systems and proposes several performance measures to use in operations research models for EMS systems. Several areas within EMS system design that could benefit from the application of operations research methodologies are described.
<title>Evaluation and application of 3D lung warping and registration model using HRCT images</title> (2001)

Image-based study of structure-function relationships is a challenging problem in that the structure or region of interest may vary in position and shape on images captured over time. Such variation may be caused by the change in body posture or the motion of breathing and heart beating. Therefore, the structure or region of interest should be registered before any further regional study can be carried out. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to study the structure-function relationship of ventilation using a previously developed 3D lung warping and registration model. First, we evaluate the effectiveness of the lung warping and registration model using a set of criteria, including apparent lung motion patterns and ground truths. Then, we study the ventilation by integrating the warping model with air content calibration. The warping model is applied to three CT lung data sets, obtained under volume control of FRC, 40% and 75% vital capacity (VC). Dense displacement fields are obtained to represent deformation between different lung volume steps. For any specific region of interest, we first register it between images over time using the dense displacement, and then estimate the corresponding regional inspired air content. Assessments include change of regional volume during inspiration, change of regional air content, and the distribution of regional ventilation. This is the first time that 3D warping of lung images is applied to assess clinically significant pulmonary functions.
Double immunofluorescence labelling of routinely processed paraffin sections (2000)

Double immunoenzymatic labelling of routinely processed human tissues has been used in many histopathology laboratories to compare the expression patterns of pairs of antigenic markers. However, these techniques are time-consuming, prone to background staining, and rarely suitable for detecting two antigens present at the same site, since one label tends to obscure the other. This paper reports the use of immmunofluorescence for double labelling of pairs of molecular markers in routinely processed tissue. The primary antibodies are either monoclonal reagents of differing isotype/subclass, or antibodies from different species, and labelling is visualized on a conventional fluorescence microscope equipped with a cooled CCD camera. Images can be captured and adjusted using personal computer hardware and software. This approach could be used for a wide range of tissue markers and only minimal tissue autofluorescence was observed. The procedure is more rapid than enzyme-based techniques and avoids the problems of interpreting two antigens present at the same site. Its establishment involves relatively minor expenditure and it may represent the optimal technical approach to the co-localization of pairs of antigens in routinely processed tissue samples. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Expert System for Fault Section Estimation Using Information from Protective Relays and Circuit Breakers (1986)

This paper deals with an expert system which can estimate possible fault sections using information from protective relays and circuit breakers. This system is applicable to dispatching centers and can help dispatchers to judge emergency situations as the first step in restoration procedures. When some faults occur, the system makes inferences based on both knowledge about protection systems and information on the operating protective relays and tripped circuit breakers. The system can give possible answers even in the case of multiple faults and false operations of relays and circuit breakers. This expert system is written in Prolog.
[Balneotherapy of rheumatic heart disease]. (1977)

<p>The advantage of 2D-3D image registration methods versus direct image-to-patient registration, is that these methods generally do not require user interaction (such as manual annotations), additional machinery or additional acquisition of 3D data. A variety of intensity-based similarity measures has been proposed and evaluated for different applications. These studies showed that the registration accuracy and capture range are influenced by the choice of similarity measure. However, the influence of the optimization method on intensity-based 2D-3D image registration has not been investigated. We have compared the registration performance of seven optimization methods in combination with three similarity measures: gradient difference, gradient correlation, and pattern intensity. Optimization methods included in this study were: regular step gradient descent, Nelder-Mead, Powell-Brent, Quasi-Newton, nonlinear conjugate gradient, simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation, and evolution strategy. Registration experiments were performed on multiple patient data sets that were obtained during cerebral interventions. Various component combinations were evaluated on registration accuracy, capture range, and registration time. The results showed that for the same similarity measure, different registration accuracies and capture ranges were obtained when different optimization methods were used. For gradient difference, largest capture ranges were obtained with Powell-Brent and simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation. Gradient correlation and pattern intensity had the largest capture ranges in combination with Powell-Brent, Nelder-Mead, nonlinear conjugate gradient, and Quasi-Newton. Average registration time, expressed in the number of DRRs required for convergence, was the lowest for Powell-Brent. Based on these results, we conclude that Powell-Brent is a reliable optimization method for intensity-based 2D-3D registration of x-ray images to CBCT, regardless of the similarity measure used.</p>
Increased nitric oxide activity in a rat model of acute pancreatitis (1998)

In this experimental model of acute pancreatitis, iNOS induction and oxidative tissue damage in the pancreas is associated with raised systemic NO and arterial hypotension. Excess production of NO arising from the inducible NO synthase may be an important factor in the systemic and local haemodynamic disturbances associated with acute pancreatitis.
Experiments with Kohonen's learning vector quantization in handwritten character recognition systems (2002)

In this paper we present the results of classification of handwritten characters on a Kohonen neural network. Three types of features, Fourier transform, geometric moments and shadow feature extracted from handwritten character data were used for classification. Classification accuracy is found to be much higher with the shadow feature in comparison to the more traditional Fourier transform and geometric moments. We have also explored the relation between Kohonen's learning of orientation based correlations and the learning rule of a minimum distance approach, used in a feedforward Athena neural network.