gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-frequency sound production and mixing in graphene (2017)

The ability to generate, amplify, mix and modulate sound in one simple electronic device would open up a new world in acoustics. Here we show how to build such a device. It generates sound thermoacoustically by Joule heating in graphene. A rich sonic palette is created by controlling the composition and flow of the electric current through the graphene. This includes frequency mixing (heterodyning), which results exclusively from the Joule mechanism. It also includes shaping of the sound spectrum by a dc current and modulating its amplitude with a transistor gate. We show that particular sounds are indicators of nonlinearity and can be used to quantify nonlinear contributions to the conduction. From our work, we expect to see novel uses of acoustics in metrology, sensing and signal processing. Together with the optical qualities of graphene, its acoustic capabilities should inspire the development of the first combined audio-visual nanotechnologies.
Clinical Applications of Serum Tumor Markers (1991)

The pursuit of the ideal tumor marker has generated many tests for use in the diagnosis and management of cancer, several of which are now widely available. Tumor markers have five potential uses in patient care: They can be used for screening, for diagnosis, for establishing prognosis, for monitoring treatment, and for detecting relapse. The value of a marker in a given setting depends on two marker-related characteristics--sensitivity and specificity. The value of a marker in a particular malignancy also depends on the effectiveness of therapy for the malignancy. Tumor markers have been used to screen for occult cancer but have proved to be valuable only in selected cancers. As diagnostic tools, tumor markers have limitations: Nearly all markers can be elevated in benign disorders, and most markers are not elevated in the early stages of malignancy. Extreme marker elevation often indicates a poor prognosis and in some malignancies can indicate the need for more aggressive treatment. Tumor markers have their greatest value when used to monitor therapy in patients with widespread cancer. Nearly all markers show some correlation with the clinical course of disease, with marker elevation in any stage declining to normal after a curative intervention. Recurrent disease can be accompanied by increased marker levels, but markers can detect an occult recurrence in only a few diseases, thereby facilitating a second attempt at cure. Although it seems unlikely that an ideal tumor marker will be identified for every malignancy, several workable markers are already available. Increasing our knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of existing markers will enable us to use them judiciously in the treatment of cancer.
Physical and functional properties of some higher alkyl polyglucosides (1970)

Abstract The higher alkyl polyglucosides are a new class of nonionic surfactants which can be formulated to give properties ranging from soft greases to hard glassy water‐soluble solids melting from about 30 C to above 300 C and which are insoluble in common organic solvents. The aqueous solutions do not exhibit inverse solubility with temperature or concentration. They show low eye and skin irritation and a very low degree of toxicity (LD 50 greater than 35 g/kg). They have a bland taste, are good foamers with low surface tension, are compatible with inorganic detergent builders, and are biodegradable. They show good functionality in various applications such as detergents, food emulsifiers, cosmetic surfactants, pharmaceutical granulating agents and industrial emulsifiers.
A fundamental study of the alkaline sulfide leaching of gold (2003)

Due to the increasing concerns over the emission of sulfur dioxide from roasting and smelting, there has been an increased interest in pressure oxidation as a means of treating gold bearing ores and concentrates. One of the problems with the partial oxidation of the sulfide host matrix to form elemental sulfur is that sulfur containing streams are difficult to treat using cyanidation. In the present paper, the alkaline sulfide system was studied as an alternative to cyanide for recovering gold from elemental sulfur. It was found that the dominant lixiviant for gold in this system is sulfide, and polysulfide was ascertained to be the oxidant. The leaching reaction was determined to be chemically controlled, thus highly dependent on temperature. Other variables investigated include the effect of pH, gold purity, and the ratio of sulfide to polysulfides. It was found that each of these variables had a large impact on the system. © 2003 SDU. All rights reserved.
Distribution of prosaposin‐like immunoreactivity in rat brain (1993)

Prosaposin is the precursor for saposins A, B, C, and D, which are small lysosomal proteins required for the hydrolysis of sphingolipids by specific lysosomal hydrolases. With a monospecific anti-saposin C antibody, which cross-reacts with prosaposin but not with saposin A, B, or D, the present immunoblot experiments showed that the rat brain expresses an unprocessed approximately 72 kDa protein (possibly prosaposin) and little saposin C. Regional analysis demonstrated that prosaposin is abundant in the brainstem, hypothalamus, cerebellum, striatum, and hippocampus, and less abundant in the cerebral cortex. Consistent with this finding, prosaposin-like immunoreactive neurons and fibers as revealed by immunohistochemistry were observed frequently in subcortical regions. The medial septum, diagonal bands, basal nucleus of Meynert, ventral striatum, medial habenular nucleus, and motor nuclei of cranial nerve had significant numbers of immunoreactive neurons. There were also nerve fibers with prosaposin-like immunoreactivity in several projection fields of the above nuclei. Other brain areas that contained prosaposin-like immunoreactive neurons and/or processes were: several brain nuclei (nucleus caudate putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, red nucleus) constituting the so-called extrapyramidal system, reticular thalamic nucleus, entopeduncular nucleus, mammillary nuclei, auditory relay nuclei, cerebellum, sensory cranial nerve nuclei, and the reticular formation. The distribution pattern of prosaposin is apparently different from that of other neuroactive substances so far examined, and thus prosaposin may be involved in novel central events.
Net glucuronidation in different rat strains: importance of microsomal β‐glucuronidase (1987)

The net glucuronidation of bilirubin (BR) has been determined in inbred and outbred rat strains and their subpopulations with similar glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) activity but with different levels of beta-glucuronidase (beta G) (EC 3.2.1.31), or in which the level of beta G activity was reduced with D-glucaro-1,4-lactone. These studies demonstrated that outbred rat strains consist of two subpopulations that differ approximately 1.5- to two-fold in serum and liver beta G activity. Evidence is presented indicating that owing to its compartmentalization the lysosomal beta G, unlike the corresponding microsomal enzyme, is neither inhibited by glucarolactone nor accessible for hydrolysis of newly synthesized glucuronides. The ratio of glucuronidated to unconjugated BR 15 min after injection of albumin-bound BR into the tail vein appears to correlate negatively with the liver microsomal beta G activity. The results may be relevant to the relative risk to toxins, including carcinogens, and to their reduction by dietary intervention.
Image and hologram fixing method with SrXBa_1−XNb_2O_6 crystals (1993)

We demonstrate a new fixing method with Sr(x)Ba(1-x)Nb(2)O(6) crystals. This is done by inducing ferroelectric domains in the crystal in real time, by a screening mechanism. Images or their holograms can be recorded in small separate locations in the crystal. This crystal pixelization permits the recording of many pictures and their individual readout and erasure.
Hydrolysis of TiCl<sub>4</sub>: Initial Steps in the Production of TiO<sub>2</sub> (2010)

The hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) to produce titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles has been studied to provide insight into the mechanism for forming these nanoparticles. We provide calculations of the potential energy surfaces, the thermochemistry of the intermediates, and the reaction paths for the initial steps in the hydrolysis of TiCl(4). We assess the role of the titanium oxychlorides (Ti(x)O(y)Cl(z); x = 2-4, y = 1, 3-6, and z = 2, 4, 6) and their viable reaction paths. Using transition-state theory and RRKM theory, we predicted rate constants including the effect of tunneling. Heats of formation at 0 and 298 K are predicted for TiCl(4), TiCl(3)OH, TiOCl(2), TiOClOH, TiCl(2)(OH)(2), TiCl(OH)(3), Ti(OH)(4), and TiO(2) using the CCSD(T) method with correlation consistent basis sets extrapolated to the complete basis set limit and compared with the available experimental data. Clustering energies and heats of formation are calculated for neutral clusters. The calculated heats of formation were used to study condensation reactions that eliminate HCl or H(2)O. The reaction energy is substantially endothermic if more than two HCl molecules are eliminated. The results show that the mechanisms leading to formation of TiO(2) nanoparticles and larger ones are complicated and will have a strong dependence on the experimental conditions.
FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL NECK AFTER HEALED INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES (1975)

Three cases are described in which a femoral neck fracture developed at least 1 year after a healed intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. Trauma via osteoporotic bone is felt to be the cause. To prevent this complication, a nail extending just to the articular cartilage of the hip joint is needed. This can be accomplished by the displacement osteotomy technique or by the use of the sliding nail-plate into the more stable posterior inferior quadrant of the head.
[Effect of immunostimulatory sequence on the expression of EOTAXIN of experimental allergic rhinitis]. (2006)

There was great reverse effect of CpG DNA on the foundation of rat model of experimental allergic rhinitis, suppression of EOTAXIN may be one of the mechanisms.
Sequence Analysis of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Clone 4-1 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2001)

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) have emerged as a possible cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously detected serum antibodies to the gag region of HERV clone 4-1 in patients with SLE, but not in normal volunteers. In the present study, we detected clone 4-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SLE patients and performed sequence analysis of the cDNA or genomic DNA from clone 4-1 in these patients. Clone 4-1 mRNA was detected in all of the SLE patients tested, although it was not found in normal controls. Sequence analysis of clone 4-1 in these SLE patients revealed inactivation of the stop codons in part of the gag region. In addition, a computer search of current sequence libraries revealed that the clone 4-1 gag genomic DNA from SLE patients was more highly homologous with the clone 4-1 sequence in chromosome 11 from normal individuals when compared with the sequence of clone 4-1 integrated in the other chromosomes. It is possible that transcription of clone 4-1 from chromosome 11 occurs in SLE, and that the stop codon inactivation contributes to the translation of clone 4-1 gag proteins in patients with this disease.
µSR STUDIES OF HIGH T<sub>C</sub> SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (1988)

Recent progress of our µSR measurements on high-TC and related systems is presented. Static magnetic order has been found and studied in La2CuO4, (La2-xSrx)CuO4, YBa2Cu3Ox, YBa2 (Cu3-xCox) O7, as well as in Bi2Sr2YCu2O8. No magnetic order was found in the 3-dimensional systems BaBiO3, Ba(Pb0.1Bi0.9) O3, and (BaK) BiO3 above T = 10 K. The anisotropy of the magnetic field penetration depth λ has been observed by using a c-axis alligned sintered pellet specimen of YBa2Cu3O7. The temperature dependence of λ|| (for c || Hext) indicates isotropic superconducting energy gap without any anomalies. Based on the muon spin relaxation rate σ observed in (random) pellet specimens of various high-TC superconductors, we found a linear relation between TC and σ α 1/λ2 α ns/m*, which suggests a high energy scale of superconducting coupling. Deviations from this linear relation are seen for samples with large carrier concentrations ns.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression: The Importance of Context (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.05.988 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print November 1, 2016 PMID: 14581439 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression: The Importance of Context David P. CarbonexDavid P. CarboneSearch for articles by this author Show More Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.05.988 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression: The Importance of Context." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(23), pp. 4268–4269© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Adipose tissue mass is modulated by SLUG (SNAI2) (2007)

The zinc-finger transcription factor SLUG (SNAI2) triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and plays an important role in the developmental processes. Here, we show that SLUG is expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) in humans and its expression is tightly controlled during adipocyte differentiation. Slug-deficient mice exhibit a marked deficiency in WAT size, and Slug-overexpressing mice (Combi-Slug) exhibit an increase in the WAT size. Consistent with in vivo data, Slug-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed a dramatically reduced capacity for adipogenesis in vitro and there was extensive lipid accumulation in Combi-Slug MEFs. The analysis of adipogenic gene expression both in vivo and in vitro showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated factor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) expression was altered. Complementation studies rescued this phenotype, indicating that WAT alterations induced by Slug are reversible. Our results further show a differential histone deacetylase recruitment to the PPARgamma2 promoter in a tissue- and Slug-dependent manner. Our results connect, for the first time, adipogenesis with the requirement of a critical level of an EMT regulator in mammals. This work may lead to the development of targeted drugs for the treatment of patients with obesity and/or lipodystrophy.
Switched-Mode Operational Amplifiers and Their Application to Continuous-Time Filters in Nanoscale CMOS (2014)

We introduce a new class of feedback amplifiers, called switched-mode operational amplifiers (SMOAs) that address voltage-swing limitations of classical feedback amplifiers in scaled CMOS technologies. By exploiting the increased timing resolution available in scaled CMOS, SMOAs encode analog signal information in the time domain and provide near-rail-to-rail output-signal swing, high output-stage efficiency and better linearity. A 4th-order, 70 MHz continuous-time active-RC Butterworth filter is presented in 65 nm CMOS to demonstrate the advantages of SMOAs. The filter consumes 25.4 mW from a 0.6 V supply and achieves 55.8 dB peak SNDR while operating at a full-scale of 873 mV <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$ _{\rm ppd}$</tex></formula> . Thanks to SMOAs, the full-scale (73% of the 0.6 V supply voltage) and the bandwidth are respectively, a 2.5 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times $</tex></formula> and 6.2 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times $</tex></formula> improvement over other state-of-the-art low-voltage filters.
The gene encoding the cellulase (Avicelase) Cell from <i>Streptomyces reticuli</i> and analysis of protein domains (1992)

Streptomyces reticuli produces an unusual cellulase (Avicelase), with an apparent molecular weight of 82 kDa, which is solely sufficient to degrade crystalline cellulose. During cultivation the processing of the Avicelase to a truncated enzyme (42 kDa) and an inactive protein (40 kDa) correlated with the occurrence of an extracellular protease. After its purification this 36 kDa protease cleaved the S. reticuli Avicelase in vitro in the same manner. Using antibodies raised against the Avicelase and its truncated form (42 kDa) and gene libraries of S. reticuli DNA in the Escherichia coli phage vectors lambda gt11 and Charon 35, the Avicelase gene (cel1) was identified. Further subcloning and DNA-sequencing revealed a G+C rich (72%) reading frame of 2238 bp encoding a protein of 746 amino acids. The transcriptional start site was mapped about 180 bp upstream from the GTG start codon. A signal sequence of 29 amino acids was identified by aligning the deduced amino acids with the characterized N-terminus of the 82 kDa Avicelase. Comparison of the N-terminal amino acids from the purified proteins with the amino acid sequence derived from the Avicelase gene revealed that the truncated enzyme (42 kDa) corresponds to the C-terminal region whereas the inactive proteolytically derived protein (40 kDa) represents the N-terminal part of the 82 kDa Avicelase. Comparisons with amino acid sequences deduced from known cellulase genes indicated the presence of three putative protein domains: (i) an N-terminal part showing significant similarity with a repeat region of endoglucanase C from Cellulomonas fimi, recently shown to be a cellulose-binding domain; (ii) an adjoining region sharing homology with the N-terminal domains with unknown function of endoglucanase A from Pseudomonas fluorescens, endoglucanase D from Clostridium thermocellum and a cellodextrinase from Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and (iii) a C-terminal catalytic domain belonging to cellulase family E.
Semiempirical, Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metals (1983)

A new, semiempirical model of metals and impurities (embedded atom method) makes possible a static treatment of the brittle fracture of a transition metal in the presence of hydrogen. Results indicate that hydrogen can reduce the fracture stress in nickel.
High-Resolution Mapping of Postinfarction Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia (2016)

In postinfarction reentrant VT, conduction velocities are slowest at the proximal and distal curvatures. Entrainment mapping overestimates the true size of the isthmus. High-resolution activation mapping of VT may better guide ablation therapy.
Interfacial recognition reactions as seen by fluorescence‐, surface plasmon‐and atomic force microscopies (1991)

Abstract We report on various microscopic investigations of the specific recognition and binding reaction between a biotinylated lipid layer and streptavidin. First, we present fluorescence microscopic evidence for the preferential adsorption of the protein to only the fluid matrix of a monolayer at the water‐air interface if the latter is compressed to the phase transition region where crystalline domains coexist with expanded phase. Surface plasmon microscopy shows that this selectivity is preserved also if the monofilm is first transferred to a solid support (but still in contract with the aqueous phase) and then exposed to a streptavidin‐containing solution. Finally, atomic force microscopic pictures taken at the monolayer‐electrolyte interface are presented that confirm this preferential binding.
Cyclohexenones through addition of ethyl acetoacetate to chalcones derived from 2-acetylthiophene (2004)

Nine new ethyl 6-aryl-4-(2-thienyl)cyclohex-3-en-2-one-1-carboxylates, valuable intermediates in the synthesis of fused heterocycles, have been prepared through NaOH-catalyzed cyclocondensation of 3-aryl-1-(2-thienyl)prop-2-en-1-ones with ethyl acetoacetate.
Manejo postcosecha del aguacate (2009)

El aguacate es un fruto de importancia comercial a nivel mundial. America ha participado con el 73.82% en 1997, 68.01% en 1998 y 73.95% en 1999 de la produccion mundial. Mexico, EUA, Chile y Republica Dominicana son los principales productore en America, por lo que este fruto significa un aporte economico importante por su venta tanto en el mercado nacional como en el internacional. El fruto es muy perecedero, por lo que requiere de la aplicacion de practicas y tecnologias postcosecha adecuadas como son la refrigeracion, la atmosfera controlada, entre otros, con el fin de disminuir la incidencia y severidad de algunos factores relacionados con el deterioro como son la respiracion, la sensibilidad a bajas temperaturas y el ataque de patogenos entre otros. Asi mismo es importante tomar en cuenta las normas de calidad que se aplican en cada pais, el aporte nutricional del fruto y las caracteristicas del mismo. El presente trabajo revisa la literatura pertinente de los ultimos 30 anos (1971 y 2000).
Novel synaptic memory device for neuromorphic computing (2014)

This report discusses the electrical characteristics of two-terminal synaptic memory devices capable of demonstrating an analog change in conductance in response to the varying amplitude and pulse-width of the applied signal. The devices are based on Mn doped HfO₂ material. The mechanism behind reconfiguration was studied and a unified model is presented to explain the underlying device physics. The model was then utilized to show the application of these devices in speech recognition. A comparison between a 20 nm × 20 nm sized synaptic memory device with that of a state-of-the-art VLSI SRAM synapse showed ~10× reduction in area and >10(6) times reduction in the power consumption per learning cycle.
Fluorothiocarbonyl Compounds. IV.<sup>1</sup> Hexafluorothioacetone—Olefin Adducts (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorothiocarbonyl Compounds. IV.1 Hexafluorothioacetone—Olefin AdductsW. J. MiddletonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 5, 1395–1398Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01016a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01016a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NOTES ON SOME FALL FOODS OF MOURNING DOVES IN SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA (1979)

seeds contained in the crops revealed that wheat, millet, sunflower, and sand dropseed grass ranked highest in order of importance volumetrically.