gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Male-male courtship behavior induced by ectopic expression of theDrosophila white gene: Role of sensory function and age (1996)

Male-male courtship behavior was recently reported to be induced in large populations of Drosophila (e.g., 600–1500 flies) by ectopic expression of the white (w) gene. Little is known about the basis of this behavior; in male-female courtship, sensory cues are believed to play an important role. Previous data are consistent with the possibility that misexpression of w causes abnormal reception or processing of sensory information. We show here that w-induced male-male courtship occurs in isolated pairs of flies. Thus the behavior does not depend on sensory cues found only among large populations of flies, or on cues produced only by a small subset of such populations. This finding enabled quantitative analysis of mechanisms that underlie the behavior. Specifically, male-male courtship does not depend on the reception of olfactory information, nor on the reception or generation of auditory cues, as determined by surgical ablation of antennae, maxillary palps, or wings. Although the rapid onset of the behavior following w induction suggested that its basis could lie in a modulation of sensory physiology, we found visual, olfactory, and gustatory function to be normal in physiological or behavioral tests. The only sensory deprivation to produce an effect on male-male courtship was testing under dim red light; the percentage of flies courting another male was reduced to one-fourth of control values. A striking age dependence of the behavior is also documented: courtship between paired male mini-w+ flies was not observed in tests of very young (1-day-old) flies, but occurs at high levels between the ages of 1 and 4 weeks. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Liquid ionography for diagnostic radiology (1974)

In liquid ionography the x-ray photons are absorbed in a liquid containing a high-atomic-number atom, such as tetra-methyl-tin. The liquid is contained between two parallel electrodes separated by a few millimeters. Most of the ions produced in the liquid recombine. Those that escape recombination are collected on an insulating foil covering one of the electrodes. The resulting charge pattern is rendered visible using powder-cloud development. For a 4-mm electrode separation and using 45-kVp x rays, about 98% of the radiation is absorbed; for 105-kVp x rays, about 88% of the radiation is absorbed. We studied the sensitivity of a 4-mm chamber as a function of the applied electric field and found that, for 65-kVp x rays and an electric field of 70 kV/cm, the sensitivity is 1 nC/cm2-mR. We present an image of a test pattern with a resolution of better than 10 1p/mm produced by this system.
Elicitor rapidly induces chalcone synthase mRNA in <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> cells at the onset of the phytoalexin defense response (1984)

DNAs complementary to poly(A)(+) RNA present in elicitor-treated cells of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were inserted into pBR325 and used to transform Escherichia coli strain JA221. A clone was identified that contained sequences complementary to mRNA encoding chalcone synthase, a regulatory enzyme of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which catalyzes the first reaction of a branch pathway specific to flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis. Rapid, marked but transient increases in chalcone synthase mRNA in response to elicitor treatment were observed by RNA blot hybridization with (32)P-labeled chalcone synthase cDNA sequences. Induction of chalcone synthase mRNA governs the rate of enzyme synthesis throughout the phase of rapid increase in enzyme activity at the onset of accumulation of isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that elicitor causes a rapid transient stimulation of transcription of chalcone synthase gene(s) as an early event in the expression of the phytoalexin defense response.
Systemic absorption and sustained effects of vaginal estrogen creams (1979)

Systemic absorption and sustained effects of two estrogen vaginal cream preparations (Premarin and Estrace) were measured in 29 postmenopausal women receiving daily applications. With both preparations, vaginal absorption of estrogens into the systemic circulation was rapid, efficient, and sustained. It is apparent that estrogen vaginal cream preparations, as widely used in clinical practice for their local effects on the vaginal mucosa, actually result in sustained high estrogen levels in the systemic circulation. The vaginal route shows promise when systemic estrogen therapy is indicated, but is dangerous when estrogen is contraindicated. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2699-2700, 1979)
Protective coatings for atomic oxygen susceptible spacecraft materials - STS-41G results (1985)

Sixteen materials consisting of metallizations, silicones, and FEP Teflon were applied as protective coatings to selected spacecraft material surfaces and exposed on STS-41G to the LEO atomic oxygen environment. Evaluations of their protective effectiveness were made through assessing their mass loss/gain characteristics, maintenance of base material optical properties, and imperviousness to atomic oxygen attack. Generally, all coatings provided some degree of protection for the underlying material. In some cases the overcoat appeared to be too thin thereby providing inadequate protection.
Estados Unidos y la OTAN: un mercado de mentiras (2014)

El golpe de Estado consumado en Ucrania el 22 de febrero de 2014 (con ayuda financiera, apoyo logistico, asesoramiento y amparo diplomatico de la Union Europea y de Estados Unidos) abrio una peligrosa crisis que ha desatado el desorden en el pais y que amenaza con hundirlo en el caos y en la guerra civil. Las disputas diplomaticas entre la Union Europea, Estados Unidos y Rusia sobre la crisis, y el cruce de acusaciones mutuas, junto con la desinformacion de la prensa internacional, han creado un espejo deformado donde Washington quiere ver reflejada la supuesta responsabilidad de Moscu. La histeria antirrusa atizada desde la Casa Blanca oculta la realidad, y la mentira y la manipulacion mas desvergonzada ocupan las paginas de los periodicos occidentales, los noticiarios televisivos y las ruedas de prensa de Obama y los responsables de la OTAN. Una de las mas groseras fue la perpetrada por el presidente norteamericano, definiendo, en su rueda de prensa con Merkel del 2 de mayo, al gabinete golpista ucraniano como gobierno debidamente electo.
Multilayer Heterojunction Anodes for Saline Wastewater Treatment: Design Strategies and Reactive Species Generation Mechanisms (2016)

Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO2 interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO2 islands, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron transfer from semiconductor layers to the Ti base. The Co-TiO2 interlayer and overcoated Sb-SnO2 islands enhance the evolution of reactive chlorine. The surficial Sb-SnO2 islands also serve as the reactive sites for free radical generation. Experiments coupled with computational kinetic simulations show that while ·OH and Cl· are initially produced on the SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode surface, the dominant radical formed in solution is the dichlorine radical anion, Cl2·(-). The steady-state concentration of reactive radicals is 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of reactive chlorine. The SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode was applied to electrochemically treat human wastewater. These test results show that COD and NH4(+) can be removed after 2 h of electrolysis with minimal energy consumption (370 kWh/kg COD and 383 kWh/kg NH4(+)). Although free radical species contribute to COD removal, anodes designed to enhance reactive chlorine production are more effective than those designed to enhance free radical production.
A 22–24 GHz 4-Element CMOS Phased Array With On-Chip Coupling Characterization (2008)

This paper presents a 22-24 GHz CMOS 4-element phased array based on the all-RF architecture with very low power consumption and chip area. The measured array performance, done at the system level at 22-24 GHz, shows an input and output match of <-13 dB, 9-12 dB gain, 7.5-8.0 dB NF, an IIP3 of -9.5 to -12.5 dBm, and a 4-bit phase control with an rms gain and phase error of <1.2 dB and <6deg, respectively (<0.5 dB and <3deg at 23.5-24.5 GHz). The chip consumes 76.5 mA from a 1.5 V supply and is 3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in area. Extensive coupling measurements show that the dominant on-chip coupling components result in system-level gain and phase errors which are proportional to the LNA gain. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of on-chip coupling effects on phased array performance, and the first demonstration of an all-RF mm-wave CMOS phased array with full amplitude and phase control on each element. The application areas are in high data-rate communications and automotive radars.
A direct-conversion mixer with DC-offset cancellation for IEEE 802.11a WLAN receiver (2006)

A DC-offset cancellation scheme in the 5 GHz direct-conversion receiver compliant with IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN standard is described in this paper. It uses the analog feedback loop to eliminate the DC-offset at the output of the double-balanced mixer. The mixer has a simulation voltage conversion gain of 13 dB at 5.2 GHz, noise figure of 9.67 dB, IIP3 of 7.6dBm. The solution provides 39.1 dB reduction according to the leakage value at LO and mixer load resistors, the additional noise figure added to mixer is less than 0.9 dB, the added power dissipation is 0.1 mW and was fabricated in 60 GHz 0.35 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology
The effect of the frequency dependence of PMD on the performance of optical communications systems (2003)

The authors study numerically the importance of the frequency dependence of the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) vector to the operation of optical systems and evaluate the validity of the second-order PMD approximation. They show that there is no relevant range of parameters in which the second-order PMD approximation is useful and question the validity of considering discrete high-orders of PMD.
A thermal vascular test for distinguishing between patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon and healthy controls. (1999)

This study tested the reliability and validity of a diagnostic thermal vascular test (TVT) for patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP). The TVT examined digital blood pressure responses to combined cooling and occlusion and was developed as part of the Raynaud's Treatment Study, a multicenter clinical trial comparing the efficacy of biofeedback and pharmacological treatment. A computerized system permitted efficient, accurate, and uniform testing at different geographical sites. A comparison of 199 patients with RP and 52 healthy controls is reported. The TVT showed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 88%. Test-retest reliability was acceptable (r = .80). Addition of a psychological challenge failed to improve the discrimination between patients with RP and controls. The TVT separated patients with RP and controls as well as or better than existing tests and did so with enhanced ease of operation.
Whistle Matching in Wild Bottlenose Dolphins ( <i>Tursiops truncatus</i> ) (2000)

Dolphin communication is suspected to be complex, on the basis of their call repertoires, cognitive abilities, and ability to modify signals through vocal learning. Because of the difficulties involved in observing and recording individual cetaceans, very little is known about how they use their calls. This report shows that wild, unrestrained bottlenose dolphins use their learned whistles in matching interactions, in which an individual responds to a whistle of a conspecific by emitting the same whistle type. Vocal matching occurred over distances of up to 580 meters and is indicative of animals addressing each other individually.
Fabrication and subband gap optical properties of silicon supersaturated with chalcogens by ion implantation and pulsed laser melting (2010)

Topographically flat, single crystal silicon supersaturated with the chalcogens S, Se, and Te was prepared by ion implantation followed by pulsed laser melting and rapid solidification. The influences of the number of laser shots on the atomic and carrier concentration-depth profiles were measured with secondary ion mass spectrometry and spreading resistance profiling, respectively. We found good agreement between the atomic concentration-depth profiles obtained from experiments and a one-dimensional model for plane-front melting, solidification, liquid-phase diffusion, with kinetic solute trapping, and surface evaporation. Broadband subband gap absorption is exhibited by all dopants over a wavelength range from 1 to 2.5 microns. The absorption did not change appreciably with increasing number of laser shots, despite a measurable loss of chalcogen and of electronic carriers after each shot.
Are the large central cities of the Midwest reviving (2001)

Most central cities of the Midwest experienced revival in the 1990s in comparison with the previous two decades, according to such broad measures as population, employment, unemployment, and income. This article evaluates gains in light of the overall turnaround of the Midwest economy and finds that underlying urban/suburban differences in performance have not changed radically in most metropolitan areas.
Effects of 5-azacytidine on the progressive nature of cell transformation. (1985)

C3H 10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts were exposed to 3 microM 5-azacytidine for 24 h and then serially passaged in the absence of 5-azacytidine and examined for subsequent changes in growth properties. The treated cells showed changes in morphology, saturation density, growth rate, and serum dependence. By the 5th passage they acquired the ability to grow in 0.3% agarose, and by the 30th passage they gave rise to fully transformed foci that grew in agarose, in agar, and in liquid suspension. This progression was rapidly accelerated if the cultures derived from 5-azacytidine-treated cells were exposed for 48 h to the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. Results of these studies provide evidence that aberrations in DNA methylation may be one of a series of critical events during the course of multistage carcinogenesis and thus enhance the evolution of tumor cells.
Identification and application of exogenous dsRNA confers plant protection against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea (2018)

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white stem rot, is responsible for significant losses in crop yields around the globe. While our understanding of S. sclerotiorum infection is becoming clearer, genetic control of the pathogen has been elusive and effective control of pathogen colonization using traditional broad-spectrum agro-chemical protocols are less effective than desired. In the current study, we developed species-specific RNA interference-based control treatments capable of reducing fungal infection. Development of a target identification pipeline using global RNA sequencing data for selection and application of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules identified single gene targets of the fungus. Using this approach, we demonstrate the utility of this technology through foliar applications of dsRNAs to the leaf surface that significantly decreased fungal infection and S. sclerotiorum disease symptoms. Select target gene homologs were also tested in the closely related species, Botrytis cinerea, reducing lesion size and providing compelling evidence of the adaptability and flexibility of this technology in protecting plants against devastating fungal pathogens.
Replicase-mediated resistance (1993)

Transformation of a plant with a DNA sequence derived from a gene encoding a viral replicase can endow it with a high level of resistance to the virus. To date, plants have been made resistant to tobacco mosaic virus, pea early browning virus, cucumber mosaic virus and potato virus X. It is considered that expression of replicase-derived sequences at the protein level interferes with normal functioning and/or assembly of viral replicase enzyme complexes leading to a general, marked inhibition of viral replication in the cells of these transgenic plants. Analogous studies of animal viruses in tissues culture cells indicate that mutants of viral-encoded replication-associated proteins can act as inhibitors of virus replication. This paper discusses the present status and future prospects for the control of virus disease using sequences derived from viral genes encoding replicase and replication-associated proteins.
Improvement of group delay measurement accuracy using a two-frequency modulation phase-shift method (2003)

The modulation phase-shift method is a standard technique for measuring the group delay and dispersion of fiber-optic devices. The wavelength resolution is typically determined by the radio-frequency modulation frequency. Decreasing the modulation frequency improves wavelength resolution at the cost of decreased sensitivity in the measurement of the time delay. We present a technique that simultaneously yields both high wavelength resolution and high time delay sensitivity by combining two measurements made at different modulation frequencies. High-resolution experimental results are shown for a fiber Bragg grating device.
Fabrication of inkjet-printed SU-8 photoresist microlenses using hydrophilic confinement (2013)

Inkjet-printed microlens arrays (MLAs) were fabricated using hydrophilic confinement by UV/ozone treatment. The MLAs were made from negative photoresist SU-8 (n = 1.63 at 530 nm). A film of 10 µm thick SU-8 shadow mask was used to define UV/ozone-treated hydrophilic zones on an SU-8 photoresist base layer. An inkjet print head was used to jet SU-8 photoresist drops onto these zones. After UV-curing, MLAs with diameters of 150, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 µm were successfully fabricated. Contact angles of MLAs increased from 22° (on MLAs fabricated using an SU-8 photoresist base layer without any surface treatment) to 45.5°, 47.7°, 52.4°, 51.3° and 54.2°, for 150, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 µm lens diameters, respectively. Using hydrophilic confinement, MLAs with a wide range of contact angles can be fabricated with diameters from 150 µm to 1 mm. This method provides a simple, cost-effective fabrication process without need for etch-transfer.
Gas-phase alkylation of xylenes by tert-butyl(1+) ions (1976)

The gas-phase alkylation of xylenes by t-C4H9+ ions from the radiolysis of neopentane has been investigated in the pressure range from 20 to 771 Torr. The gaseous cation is entirely unreactive toward p-xylene and alkylates o-xylene, yielding exclusively 1,2-dimethyl-4-tert-butylbenzene.R eaction with m-xylene yields a mixture of 1,3-dimethyl-4-tert-butylbenzene and 1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene,w hose isomeric ratio depends on the experimental conditions, ranging from the 8:92 value observed at 20 Torr in the absence of added bases to the 89: I 1 value measured at 770 Torr in the presence of NH3. The substrate selectivity of the gaseous electrophile has been studied by competition experiments with respect to toluene. The observed ko.xylene:ktoluenrea tio of 2.0 & 0.2 appears fairly independent of the experimental conditions, while the apparent km-xylene:ktoluenrae tio is considerably affected by the nature and the concentration of gaseous bases, ranging from 0.65 & 0.1 in the absence of NH3 to 1.9 f 0.2 in the presence of excess NH3. These results are interpreted assuming the reversible tert-butylation at the ring positions ortho to one methyl group of m-xylene in order to explain both the effect of the pressure and of NH3 on the isomeric composition of products and the apparent changes of the reactivity of m-xylene with respect to that of toluene. The reaction provides an example of an aromatic alkylation by a gaseous, unsolvated carbenium ion and allows the direct evaluation of the reactivity and the steric requirements of the electrophile, unaffected by the complicating effects of the solvent and the counterion invariably present in solution. The unusual substrate and positional selectivity of the gaseous t-C4H9+ reagent, in particular the remarkable extent of the substitution ortho to one methyl group of m-xylene, are discussed in comparison with the conventional Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
A Study on Improvement the Experience Space and Content of Synthesis Safety&Experience Center (2019)

“재난 및 안전관리 기본법”에 따르면 국가와 지방자치단체는 각종 재난으로부터 국토를 보존하고 국민의 생명·신체 및 재산을 보호하도록 의무화 하고 있다. 이처럼 국민을 보호하기 위해 ‘위험’과 안전’에 대해 교육 하고 체험 할 수 있는 시설이 종합안전체험관이라고 생각한다. 그런 의미에서 국내에 건축되어 있는 8개의 종합안전체험관 시설개요와 전시구성 및 운영방식에 대하여 조사하고 분석한다. 더불어 현대 전시시설의 중요한 요소인 가상현실(假想現實, Virtual Reality)과 증강현실(增强現實, Augmented Reality)을 이용한 체험적 전시 콘텐트의 특성과 이를 사용한 전시형태를 조사하여 기존 종합안전체험관의 가상현실, 증강현실 기술 사용현황을 알아본다. 이러한 연구는 향후 국민에게 필요한 종합안전체험관이 어떻게 설립되어야 하는지에 대한 방향을 제시하는 기초자료가 될 것이다.
Mechanism of Photocleavage of (Coumarin-4-yl)methyl Esters (2007)

(Coumarin-4-yl)methyl esters (CM-A) are caged compounds that, upon excitation, release the masked biologically active acid HA and the highly fluorescent (coumarin-4-yl)methyl alcohol CM-OH very rapidly and in part with high efficiency. The results of photostationary and time-resolved investigations of 25 CM-A esters and corresponding CM-OH alcohols with varying substitution on the (coumarin-4-yl)methyl moiety and a wide variation in the structure of the acidic part have been analyzed. The initial step of the photoreaction is heterolytic ester cleavage leading to the singlet ion pair 1[CM+ A-] with rate constant k1. 1[CM+ A-] hydrolyzes to CM-OH and HA with rate constant k2 or recombines to ground-state CM-A with rate constant krec. 1[CM+ A-] is the key intermediate of the reaction. Stabilization of both CM+ by using electron-donating substituents and A- by increasing the acid strength leads to a strong enhancement of k1 and simultaneously to a diminution of krec. Therefore, stabilization of the ion pair has a two-fold positive effect on the photocleavage of (coumarin-4-yl)methyl esters: increasing the rate of the initial reaction step, which might require less than 30 ps, and increasing the efficiency of product formation.
Optimizing your documentation with the help of technical support (2003)

Maintaining technical support is costly. Better documentation means more successful customers AND lower costs of supporting a product.Most companies have two bodies of technical information that in many organizations remain entire to themselves. The information presented in the company's documentation deliverables and in their technical support data repository are not always consistent. There can be a real issue of redundancy and inaccuracy between these two areas of information.It may be common knowledge that working with Technical Support can improve your documentation deliverables, in theory. But in practice, there is frequently not a seamless integration of technical information, unless mandated by management for documentation groups and technical support groups to work together.This paper is a case study of this situation and presents some ideas on how to improve the probability of ensuring that one unified body of information is presented to customers. It is derived from experiences gained through working with a large body of technical content for a widely-used product, that includes application programming interface (API) reference information in the form of a Help system and a 900 page pdf file that ship with the product and access to a solutions database that is accessible from the Internet, given proper authentication.