gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) Treated With Electroacupuncture and Chinese Herbal Medicine (2008)

Background: Little data exist about the treatment of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) with acupuncture and/or Chinese herbal medicine. Objective: To describe a single-case experience with acupuncture and herbal medicine for TIA. Design and Patient: A 36-year-old Australian woman with a recent history of headaches and numbness presented for treatment. Of note, she had been receiving chiropractic treatment for neck and upper back pain once a week for the last 2 months. Intervention: Scalp acupoint was MS 7 line (the scalp sense response line). Two needles were inserted toward GB 7 (Qu Bin). An electroacupuncture stimulator was used at about 20 Hz with intermittent waves. Treatment was 20 minutes per session, 2 sessions per week. In addition, Notoginseng Plus (panax notoginseng plus salvia miltiorrhiza) was prescribed at a standard dosage (two 500-mg tablets, 3 times daily) from the second week onward, invigorating Qi and Blood circulation. Main Outcome Measure: Change in numbness and dermal sense. Results: After 6 sessions, the numb sensation disappeared and a physical examination of dermal sense in these areas returned to normal. Conclusions: This patient benefited from scalp acupuncture plus herbal therapy post-TIA. Further studies are needed to determine the role of electroacupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine therapy.
DNA splicing by an active site mutant of Flp recombinase. Possible catalytic cooperativity between the inactive protein and its DNA substrate. (1993)

Each strand transfer catalyzed by the Flp recombinase is the composite of two transesterification reactions. The active nucleophilic species in the two reactions are the catalytic site tyrosine (Tyr-343) of Flp and the 5'-hydroxyl from the Flp-nicked DNA substrate, respectively. A "half recombination site" is capable of undergoing this pair of transesterifications in the presence of Flp. When the substrate is a half-site containing a chiral phosphorothioate at the exchange point, the Flp reaction yields a product in which the phosphate chirality is retained. A mutant of Flp that lacks the active site tyrosine, Flp(Y343F), is incapable of mediating strand transfer in a full-recombination site but can execute strand transfer in a half-site. The efficiency of this reaction is about 2% of that of the wild type reaction. The activity of Flp(Y343F) is critically dependent on the length of the half-site spacer. Furthermore, in this reaction, the strand cleavage and strand exchange steps cannot be uncoupled. These results strongly suggest a direct attack by the 5'-hydroxyl of the half-site spacer on the phosphodiester at the normal strand transfer point.
Chemical, Oncogene and Growth Factor Inhibition of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication: An Integrative Hypothesis of Carcinogenesis (1990)

Most, if not all, cancer cells have some dysfunction in gap-junction-mediated intercellular communication, either because of defects in cell adhesion or inability to have functional gap junctional communication. In addition, most, if not all, tumor-promoting chemicals and conditions down-regulate gap junction function, while some antitumor-promoting chemicals can up-regulate gap junctional communication. Several oncogenes are associated with down-regulation of gap junction function and several hormone and growth regulators, known to be tumor promoters, are also able to down-regulate gap junction function. On the other hand, some tumor suppressor genes have been linked to the up-regulation of gap junctions. Based on these observations, it is hypothesized that, if a progenitor cell is unable to perform gap junctional intercellular communication, normal growth control and cell differentiation would not be possible, thereby favoring the development of malignant neoplasia.
Influence of the preepitaxial annealing and polycrystalline silicon deposition processes on oxygen precipitation and internal gettering in N/N+(100) epitaxial silicon wafers (1989)

Standard substrate wafers and substrate wafers having a thin polycrystalline silicon layer deposited on the backside were heavily doped with antimony at the concentration of 4×1018 atoms/cm3, and then annealed at temperatures ranging between 500 and 950 °C prior to epitaxial deposition. As-deposited wafers were annealed at 1050 °C in dry oxygen ambient for 16 h. Enhanced precipitation of oxygen in epitaxial wafers having polysilicon backside substrate was observed when preannealing was performed in the temperature range above 750 °C. This was found to be directly related to the thermal process used in polysilicon deposition. An improvement in minority-carrier generation lifetime was noticed in the preannealed epitaxial wafers. In comparison to standard epitaxial wafers, little or no improvement in the gettering effectiveness in epitaxial wafers having polysilicon backside substrate was observed. The reason can be due to the formation of microtwins, and recrystallization of the polycrystalline silicon grains occurred during epitaxial deposition. This can lead to stress relaxation in the polysilicon backside layer and degradation of gettering effectiveness.
Mevalonic acid-dependent degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in vivo and in vitro. (1994)

The microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is subject to rapid degradation when cells are incubated with sterols or mevalonic acid (MVA). It has been shown that this rapid degradation is dependent upon both a sterol and another MVA-derived metabolite (Nakanishi, M., Goldstein, J. L., and Brown, M. S. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 8929-8937). In the current study, inhibitors of the isoprene biosynthetic pathway were used to define further this mevalonic acid derivative involved in the accelerated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. The accelerated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase in met-18b-2 cells, which is induced by the addition of MVA, was inhibited by the presence of the squalene synthase inhibitor, zaragozic acid/squalestatin, or the squalene epoxidase inhibitor, NB-598. Accelerated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase was observed when NB-598-treated cells were incubated with both MVA and sterols. In contrast, the addition of MVA and sterols to zaragozic acid/squalestatin-treated cells did not result in rapid enzyme degradation. This MVA- and sterol-dependent degradation of HMG-CoA reductase persisted in cells permeabilized with reduced streptolysin O. Finally, the selective degradation of HMG-CoA reductase was also observed in rat hepatic microsomes incubated in vitro in the absence of ATP and cytosol. We conclude that the MVA-derived component that is required for the accelerated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase is derived from farnesyl disphosphate and/or squalene in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. We propose that this component has a permissive effect and does not, by itself, induce the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. We also conclude that the degradation of HMG-CoA occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, and, once the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase has been initiated by MVA and sterols, all necessary components for the continued degradation of HMG-CoA reductase reside in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Effects of Application Rate, Timing, and Formulation of Glyphosate and Triclopyr on Control of Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense)<sup>1</sup> (2005)

Chinese privet is a nonnative shrub that has invaded mesic forests throughout the southeastern United States during the past century. Foliar sprays of glyphosate and triclopyr were tested in three factorial experiments that included wide ranges of application rate, timing, and formulation to refine methods for controlling Chinese privet. For spring (April) and fall (October and December) applications, percentage control of privet cover averaged 93 to 100% and 49 to 70% for glyphosate and triclopyr treatments, respectively, whereas for summer (June and August) applications, control averaged 67 to 69% and 14 to 26%, respectively (study 1). However, privet control was not influenced by variation in herbicide rates of 1.7, 3.4, 5.0, or 6.7 kg ae/ha compared with each of the five application timings. No differences were found in August comparisons of liquid vs. dry glyphosate products or water-soluble vs. oil-soluble triclopyr products for each of the four rates (study 2). In a comparison of low rates of glyphosate applied in August with or without trenching of plot perimeters to isolate privet clumps (study 3), control increased from 12 to 65% as rate increased from 0 to 0.8 kg ae/ha, suggesting that rate responses may occur at lower values than those tested in studies 1 and 2. Isolation of privet clumps by trenching did not have a statistically detectable effect on privet susceptibility to glyphosate. Low rates of glyphosate (1.7 kg ae/ha or possibly lower) will provide effective control of privet when applied in the spring or fall.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; triclopyr; Chinese privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour.Additional index words: Bottomland hardwoods, crown cover, invasive weeds, response surface analysis.
Analog VLSI cellular fuzzy automata networks for relaxation labeling (2002)

Expressing with fuzzy logic the local transition functions of a cellular automata network combines the flexibility of numeric processing with the explicitness and transparency of logic rules, within the framework of an emergent-cooperative computational model. Implementing fuzzy processing elements as the nodes of such nets places heavy emphasis on fine granularity, and is feasible only in analog if it is aimed to achieve the degree of parallelism matched to potential applications in image processing. Fuzzy relaxation labelling is presented as a feasibility example for such a streamlined hardware implementation. This computational model is potentially applicable in a wide range of applications, drawing maximal benefit from advanced VLSI technologies.
Effect of Some Depressants on Removal of Unreacted Graphite from Raw Synthesized Diamond by Flotation Method. (1995)

Artificial diamond used as raw material for tool implements is mostly synthesized by the flux method. The final products of the synthetic reaction contain various kinds of impurities, such as ceramic brick, unreacted graphite and fluxes of Ni and Fe. In operation plants, the impurities are removed by chemical means. Residual fluxes are removed by dissolving with aqua regia, unreacted graphite with perchloric acid, and ceramic brick by sodium hydroxide fusing. As such methods for removing impurities are expensive and harmful to the environment, it is essential to establish more economical, safer and more efficient methods; froth flotation being one example of such attempts.As part of the studies on the applicability of flotation to the removal of the impurities from the synthesized diamond products, flotation behaviors of unreacted graphite and synthesized diamond in the presence of depressants were investigated. Firstly, a series of flotation tests was conducted on raw synthesized diamond in order to determine the optimum conditions for removing unreacted graphite using sodium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate as depressants. When kerosene or Aerofloat #25 was used as a collector, both sodium silicate and sodium pyrophosphate were effective to depress the floatability of the synthesized diamond, but the depressing effect of sodium hexametaphosphate was more inferior than the above two because of less hydrolysis. Secondly, to assess the efficacy of separation flotation of the 1 to 1 mixture of the unreacted graphite and synthesized diamond, a series of flotation tests was carried out using sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate as depressants and kerosene as a collector. It was found that these depressants were effective in separating the unreacted graphite from the synthesized diamond in an alkaline region of around pH 9.
Adaptive Electronic Tractor Shift Control System (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The ability to shift gears on a moving farm tractor without using the clutch, makes the operator's job easier, and improves his productivity. This feature, often referred to as “powershift”, has been implemented electrically and hydromechanically by farm equipment manufacturers. The Case Corp 5100 Series Maxxum tractor offers an electronic powershift in which clutch pressure, timing and hydraulic fluid temperature are utilized for simple adaptive shift control. This paper describes the strategy incorporated into the Maxxum control system.</div>
Differential sensitivity in vivo of lethal and nonlethal malarial parasites to endotoxin-induced serum factor (1982)

Sera from mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii or Plasmodium berghei and given endotoxin contained nonspecific mediators which killed both species of parasite and tumor cells in vitro. The sera resembled tumor necrosis sera obtained from mice given macrophage-activating agents such as Propionibacterium acnes (formerly designated Corynebacterium acnes) or Mycobacterium bovis BCG and then endotoxin. Cytotoxicity developed parallel to parasite killing activity and indicated that macrophages were activated. Activation occurred sooner with P. berghei, which is lethal, and serum activity remained on a plateau until the mice died. In nonlethal P. yoelii infections, activation was related to the course of parasitemia. Endotoxin given to mice infected with P. yoelii caused an immediate decrease in parasitemia, presumably through the release of parasite killing factors. The extent of the decrease depended upon the time of administration. No immediate drop in the parasitemia caused by P. berghei was observed at any time. Early administration of endotoxin prolonged survival; late administration accelerated death. Passive transfer of rabbit tumor necrosis serum to infected mice decreased the parasitemia caused by P. yoelii but not that caused by P. berghei. Other components of the immune response appeared to act together with these soluble mediators to eliminate P. yoelii; they may be absent or suppressed in infections with P. berghei.
Expression of two <i>csg</i> operons is required for production of fibronectin‐ and Congo red‐binding curli polymers in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K‐12 (1995)

Two divergently transcribed operons in Escherichia coli required for the expression of fibronectin- and Congo red-binding curli polymers were identified and characterized by transposon mutagenesis, sequencing and transcriptional analyses, as well as for their ability to produce the curli subunit protein. The csgBA operon encodes CsgA, the major subunit protein of the fibre, and CsgB, a protein with sequence homology to CsgA. A non-polar csgB mutant is unaffected in its production of CsgA, but the subunit protein is not assembled into insoluble fibre polymers. A third open reading frame, orfC, positioned downstream of csgA may affect some functional property of curli since an insertion in this putative gene abolishes the autoagglutinating ability typical of curliated cells without affecting the production of the fibre. The promoter for the oppositely transcribed csgDEFG operon was identified by primer extension and shown, like the csgBA promoter, to be dependent upon the alternate stationary phase-specific sigma factor sigma s in wild-type cells, but not in mutants lacking the nucleoid associated protein H-NS. Insertions in csgD abolish completely trancription from the csgBA promoter. Therefore, any regulatory effect on the csgBA promoter might be secondary to events controlling the csgDEFG promoter and/or activation of CsgD. Insertions in csgE, csgF and csgG abolish curli formation but allow CsgA expression suggesting that one or more of these gene products are involved in secretion/assembly of the CsgA subunit protein. No amino acid sequence homologies were found between the CsgE, CsgF and CsgG proteins and secretion/assembly proteins for other known bacterial fibres, suggesting that the formation of curli follows a novel pathway.
Estimation of distillation compositions from multiple temperature measurements using partial-least-squares regression (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEstimation of distillation compositions from multiple temperature measurements using partial-least-squares regressionThor Mejdell and Sigurd SkogestadCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 12, 2543–2555Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00060a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00060a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views616Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reactivity of Polyolefins toward Cumyloxy Radical: Yields and Regioselectivity of Hydrogen Atom Transfer (2014)

Hydrogen atom abstraction from a series of homopolymers by cumyloxy radicals is examined under solvent-free conditions at temperatures that are relevant to radical-mediated polymer modifications. Abstraction efficiency data acquired for the thermolysis of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) within pure polymer samples establish an order of reactivity: poly(butadiene) (PBD) > poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) > poly(ethylene) (PE) > poly(propylene) (PP) > poly(isobutylene) (PIB). The regioselectivity of hydrogen transfer from PE, PP, and PIB is assessed by model hydrocarbon experiments involving nitroxyl trapping of the alkyl radicals generated from pentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane, respectively. Taken together, abstraction efficiency and regioselectivity data are discussed in terms of enthalpic and entropic contributions to H atom transfer rates, with particular emphasis on steric hindrance imposed by methyl substituents on secondary positions within PP and PIB. The utility of polymer oxidizability as a predictive measure of the reactivity of a polymer toward cumyloxyl and vinyltriethoxysilane graft modification is evaluated and discussed.
New Pneumococcal Vaccines: Basic Science Developments (2014)

The first experimental vaccines, comprising killed whole cells, were tested in the early 1900s, albeit with inconclusive results. Polyvalent capsular polysaccharide (PS)-protein conjugates vaccines are aimed at preventing invasive diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia, as well as less serious but highly prevalent infections such as otitis media. They are being targeted principally at specific groups at high risk of pneumococcal disease, particularly children under 2 years and adults over 65 years of age. The increasing prevalence of penicillin-resistant and multiply resistant pneumococci is complicating management of patients with suspected pneumococcal disease, particularly those with meningitis. Polyvalent PS-protein conjugate vaccines are very expensive to produce, and addition of further PS types or periodic reformulation to take account of altered serotype prevalence will add further to this cost. This may place the vaccine even further out of the reach of many developing countries, whose need for effective pneumococcal vaccines is greatest. Studies on the vaccine potential of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) have extended to human trials, and immune sera from volunteers immunized with a family 1 PspA fragment reacted with 37 different Streptococcus pneumoniae strains belonging to diverse capsular and PspA types. A further strategy under consideration for prevention of pneumococcal disease is the use of DNA vaccines. The ongoing high global morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal disease, and the complications caused by increasing rates of resistance to antimicrobials, have underpinned extensive efforts in recent years to develop more effective vaccination strategies against S. pneumoniae.
Cationic Methyl(hydrido)platinum(IV) Complexes (1997)

The new complex [PtMe2(BPMA)], 1, BPMA = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, is shown to contain bidentate BPMA with one of the pyridyl groups not coordinated to platinum. Complex 1 reacts with HX (X = Cl, BF4) at room temperature to yield [PtHMe2(BPMA)][X], which may exist in two isomeric forms, each containing tridentate BPMA. The major initial product 2 has the hydride trans to a pyridyl group, but this equilibrates with isomer 3 in which the hydride is trans to an amine. The cationic methyl(hydrido)platinum(IV) complexes 2 and 3 are stable at room temperature for several hours, but undergo slow reductive elimination of CH4 to yield [PtMe(BPMA)][X], 4. Complex 1 reacts with DCl to give [PtDMe2(BPMA)][X], and deuterium incorporation at the methyl group trans to amine occurs slowly; the methane formed by subsequent reductive elimination is a mixture of CH4, CH3D, and CH2D2. Reaction of 1 with MeI initially yields a mixture of two compounds, [PtMe3(BPMA)][I], 5a, and a neutral compound, [PtIMe3(BPMA)], 6, but 6 isomerizes to 5 over a period of 2 h at room temperature. Reaction of 1 with CD3I gives [PtMe2(CD3)(BPMA)][I], 5a*, and [PtIMe2(CD3)(BPMA)], 6*, with CD3 largely trans to pyridyl or iodide, respectively, but equilibration gives a mixture of 5a* and 5a**, in which CD3 is trans to amine. In contrast to the reaction with MeI, oxidative addition of CF3SO3Me to 1 gives only [PtMe3(BPMA)][CF3SO3], 5b. Reaction of 1 with allyl bromide yields a mixture of two products, [PtMe2(CH2CHCH2)(BPMA)][Br], 7, and [PtBrMe2(CH2CHCH2)(BPMA)], 8; complex 8 isomerizes rapidly to 7. Complexes 4 and 7 have been characterized by X-ray structure determinations and are shown to contain the BPMA ligands in fac and mer coordination modes.
Antigen‐specific cytotoxic T cell and antigen‐specific proliferating T cell clones can be induced to cytolytic activity by monoclonal antibodies against T3 (1985)

T3 is a human differentiation antigen expressed exclusively on mature T cells. In this study it is shown that anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies, in addition to their capacity to induce T cells to proliferate, are able to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones to mediate antigen nonspecific cytotoxic activity. It is furthermore shown that anti-T3 reagents are able to trigger lytic activity in T cell clones characterized as noncytotoxic antigen-specific proliferating T cells. The data presented indicate that perturbation of T3 can trigger the lytic machinery in cytolytic as well as noncytolytic T cell clones.