gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand-exchange reactivity patterns of oxotechnetium(V) complexes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLigand-exchange reactivity patterns of oxotechnetium(V) complexesBruno V. DePamphilis, Alun G. Jones, and Alan DavisonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 16, 2292–2297Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00158a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00158a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ilarviruses of<i>Prunus</i>spp.: A Continued Concern for Fruit Trees (2012)

Prunus spp. are affected by a large number of viruses, causing significant economic losses through either direct or indirect damage, which results in reduced yield and fruit quality. Among these viruses, members of the genus Ilarvirus (isometric labile ringspot viruses) occupy a significant position due to their distribution worldwide. Although symptoms caused by these types of viruses were reported early in the last century, their molecular characterization was not achieved until the 1990s, much later than for other agronomically relevant viruses. This was mainly due to the characteristic liability of virus particles in tissue extracts. In addition, ilarviruses, together with Alfalfa mosaic virus, are unique among plant viruses in that they require a few molecules of the coat protein in the inoculum in order to be infectious, a phenomenon known as genome activation. Another factor that has made the study of this group of viruses difficult is that infectious clones have been obtained only for the type member of the genus, Tobacco streak virus. Four ilarviruses, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Prune dwarf virus, Apple mosaic virus, and American plum line pattern virus, are pathogens of the main cultivated fruit trees. As stated in the 9th Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, virions of this genus are "unpromising subjects for the raising of good antisera." With the advent of molecular approaches for their detection and characterization, it has been possible to get a more precise view of their prevalence and genome organization. This review updates our knowledge on the incidence, genome organization and expression, genetic diversity, modes of transmission, and diagnosis, as well as control of this peculiar group of viruses affecting fruit trees.
Locally anisotropic motion in a macroscopically isotropic system: displacement correlations measured using double pulsed gradient spin‐echo NMR (2002)

Abstract We propose a novel application of double pulsed gradient spin‐echo NMR in which two pairs of gradient pulses are used successively to encode the spin magnetization. These pairs were applied with gradient directions collinear and orthogonal, and the results were compared. The method can be used to detect local diffusion anisotropy even when the distribution of domain directors in the sample is isotropic. The degree of the difference between collinear and orthogonal echo attenuation responses indicates the nature of that local anisotropy. We applied this method to a polydomain lyotropic liquid crystal system, Aerosol OT–water, and detected the local diffusion anisotropy directly. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic, large-scale analysis on the feasibility of media prefetching in Online Social Networks (2015)

Huge quantities of videos are shared via Online Social Networks (OSN) like Facebook and are watched on mobile devices. Internet connections via cellular networks (UMTS / LTE) require the scarce resources radio bandwidth and battery power. Prefetching of videos in areas of WLAN availability has the potential to reduce the power consumption in comparison to data transmission via cellular networks and prefetching can help to avoid users running into traffic caps of their network providers. Furthermore, startup delays can be reduced. Social networks offer contextual information such as likes and comments as well as social graph information which can potentially be used to predict which content will be consumed in the near future. In this paper, we elaborate possibilities to predict content consumption based on the number of likes, comments and the social graph distance. Our detailed analysis of the media access patterns of more than 700 users in Facebook shows that the media consumption does not solely depend on the number of likes or comments. Users tend to watch videos that are uploaded by close friends and family members. Furthermore, the time a video preview stays in the browser-viewport before being clicked (pre-click delay) can be exploited to decrease startup delays.
Human telomeric G‐quadruplex: structures of DNA and RNA sequences (2009)

Telomeres play an important role in cellular aging and cancer. Human telomeric DNA and RNA G-rich sequences are capable of forming a four-stranded structure, known as the G-quadruplex. Such a structure might be important for telomere biology and a good target for drug design. This minireview describes the structural diversity or conservation of DNA and RNA human telomeric G-quadruplexes, discusses structural views on targeting these G-quadruplexes and presents some future challenges for structural studies.
COMPOSITE FLEXURAL MODE RESONATOR WITH REDUCED TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF FREQUENCY (2006)

This paper reports a method to passively reduce the native temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) by creating a Silicon -Silicon Dioxide (Si-SiO 2 ) composite resonator whose bending stiffness has reduced sensitivity to temperature. Silicon exhibits softening with increasing temperature. Amorphous silicon dioxide exhibits an anomalous hardening with increasing temperature. An optimal combination of Si-SiO 2 in flexural mode resonators is determined that would yield zero TCF. Composite single anchor, double ended tuning forks (DETF) where fabricated and show a greater than 10x reduction in TCF in the 15C to 70C temperature range. The composite beam resonators were fabricated in our wafer-scale encapsulation process, which is described by
Monolithic Red/Green/Blue Micro-LEDs With HBR and DBR Structures (2017)

In this letter, monolithic red, green, and blue (RGB) micro light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated using gallium nitride based blue micro LEDs and quantum dots (QDs). Red and green QDs were sprayed onto individual region surrounded by patterned black matrix photoresist on the blue micro LEDs to form color conversion layers. Owing to its light-blocking capability, the patterned black matrix photoresist improved the contrast ratio of the micro LEDs from 11 to 22. To enhance the color conversion efficiency and the light output intensity, a hybrid Bragg reflector (HBR) was deposited on the bottom side of the monolithic RGB micro LEDs, thus reflecting the RGB light emitted to the substrate. To further improve the color purity of the red and green light, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with high reflection for the blue light was deposited on the top side of the QDs/micro LEDs. The red and green light output intensities of the micro LEDs with HBR and DBR were enhanced by about 27%.
A rational reconstruction of nonmonotonic truth maintenance systems (1990)

The main contribution of this paper is a precise characterization of the inferences performed by nonmonotonic truth maintenance systems (TMSs), using two standard nonmonotonic formalisms: logic programming with the stable set semantics and autoepistemic logic. The paper also contains an analysis of the role of dependency-directed backtracking in dealing with contradictions, and a proof that implementing a nonmonotonic TMS is an NP-complete problem.
Hyaluronan Polymer Length, Grafting Density, and Surface Poly(ethylene glycol) Coating Influence <i>in Vivo</i> Circulation and Tumor Targeting of Hyaluronan-Grafted Liposomes (2014)

Hyaluronan-grafted liposomes (HA-liposomes) preferentially target CD44-overexpressing tumor cells in vitro via receptor-mediated endocytosis. We investigated the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of HA-liposomes with various sizes of HA (MW 5-8, 50-60, and 175-350 kDa) in mice. Incorporation of negatively charged HA on the liposome surface compromised its blood circulation time, which led to decreased tumor accumulation in CD44+ human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 xenografts compared to PEGylated liposomes (PEG-5000). Clearance of HA-liposomes was HA polymer length-dependent; high MW (175-350 kDa, highest ligand binding affinity) HA-liposomes displayed faster clearance compared to low MW (5-8, 50-60 kDa) HA-liposomes or PEGylated liposomes. Surface HA ligand density can also affect clearance of HA-liposomes. Thus, HA is not an effective stealth coating material. When dual coating of PEG and HA was used, the PEG-HA-liposomes displayed similar blood circulation time and tumor accumulation to that of the PEGylated liposomes; however, the PEG-HA-liposomes displayed better cellular internalization capability in vivo. Tumor histology showed that PEG-HA-liposomes had a more direct association with CD44+ cancer cells, while PEGylated liposomes located predominantly in the tumor periphery, with less association with CD44+ cells. Flow cytometry analysis of ex vivo tumor cells showed that PEG-HA-liposomes had significantly higher tumor cell internalization compared to PEGylated liposomes. This study demonstrates that a long blood circulation time is critical for active tumor targeting. Furthermore, the use of the tumor-targeting ligand HA does not increase total tumor accumulation of actively targeted liposomes in solid tumors; however, it can enhance intracellular delivery.
Clay Mineralogy of Shale Gas Reservoirs through Integrating Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (2013)

Summary URTeC 1619333 The composition and structure of clay minerals play a major role in controlling the physical and chemical properties of shale. Understanding the relationship between clay mineralogy and the physical parameters of shale such as the wettability, fracability, and permeability is crucial in characterizing and developing a shale reservoir. Typically, the higher the amount of clay minerals present the lower will be the material brittleness/fracability, whereas a lower clay abundance is usually associated with improved reservoir permeability. Determining the clay composition in shales is a significant challenge considering the chemical complexity and heterogeneous nature of the shale. In this paper, we report on the preliminary characterization of Permo-Triassic shale reservoir samples from the Perth Basin using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The suitability and performance of FTIR and XRD for determining clay mineralogy was evaluated. Both FTIR and XRD revealed that kaolinite was the dominant clay species in most of the samples from the Permo-Triassic shale reservoir. It was shown that XRD is able to identify and quantify many different minerals in the shale samples, while FTIR helped provide complimentary information on some minerals along with information concerning the amorphous organic matter.
Rotating quadrant slant-hole SPECT scintimammography: an initial investigation (2002)

The authors investigate the use of rotating quadrant slant-hole (RQSH) collimation in SPECT scintimammography (SM). A RQSH collimator is able to acquire a complete set of projection data for fully 3-D reconstruction of the breast with 90 degrees of collimator rotation at each of 2-3 collimator detector positions on a 90-120 degree arc around the breast. The use of a 90-120 degree arc allows the collimator to remain close to the breast throughout the data acquisition, providing better resolution in the reconstructed image as compared to the conventional parallel-hole collimation SPECT acquisition. In addition, a RQSH collimator for SPECT SM has 2.8-3.5 times the efficiency of a conventional parallel-hole collimator with equivalent spatial resolution. While the field-of-view of each quadrant of the RQSH collimator can encompass a medium sized breast, significant truncation of the body occurs. It is essential that the collimator design parameters and the data acquisition orbit be chosen in such a way as to minimize the effect of truncation on the reconstruction of the breast. Here, the authors investigate the choice of collimator design parameters and data acquisition orbits for RQSH SPECT SM. These initial experiments are performed using the 3-D mathematical cardiac torso (MCAT) phantom with a realistic medium sized breast model. The reconstructions are performed using an iterative ML-EM algorithm and transformation based projector/back-projector pair. The results indicate that while the projection images are severely truncated when using the RQSH collimator, appropriate collimator design parameters and data acquisition orbits can be chosen to limit the effects of truncation on the reconstruction of the breast region.
MALS: multiple access scheduling based on Latin squares (2005)

A Latin square of order n is an n /spl times/ n square matrix that consists of n distinct symbols, where the symbols of each row and column are distinct. The number of different Latin squares beyond a very small order, such as 10 grows almost to infinity for practical applications. The distinctiveness and orderliness of each symbol in the Latin square present very attractive features in applying Latin squares to the scheduling problems. We propose a medium access scheme based on Latin squares, called MALS (medium access based on Latin squares), from which deterministic time-division channel access schedules are generated for nodes in ad hoc networks. In MALS, each node is assigned with an index of a row in a dynamic Latin square, and the columns of the Latin square corresponds to the time-slotted channel. The value of the symbol in the Latin square for each time slot determines the priority of the node to access the channel. Because of the distinctiveness of the symbol value in each column, a unique priority is assigned to each node in each time slot, and the channel access at any moment is guaranteed collision-free. We apply MALS in both macro-time division channel access scheduling, where each time slot is long enough to contain a packet, and micro-time division channel access scheduling, where the time slot is comparable to the duration of the round trip time in point-to-point wireless communication. Simulations for both scenarios show the near-optimum performance of MALS for channel access scheduling in comparison with UxDMA and IEEE 802.11 DCF, respectively.
Boron Nanotube–Polymer Composites: Towards Thermoconductive, Electrically Insulating Polymeric Composites with Boron Nitride Nanotubes as Fillers (Adv. Funct. Mater. 12/2009) (2009)

Composites formed through embedding of high-concentration boron nitride nanotubes in polymers are reported by C. Y. Zhi et al. on page 1857. The composites possess high thermal conductivity, high break-over voltage, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and other favorable properties. These polymeric composites are promising highly thermoconductive electrically insulating materials for a range of applications.
Limits to human movement planning in tasks with asymmetric gain landscapes (2006)

We studied human movement planning in a task with predefined costs and benefits to movement outcome. Participants pointed rapidly at stimulus configurations consisting of a target region and up to two penalty regions. Hits on the target and penalty regions resulted in monetary gains and losses. In previous studies involving single penalty regions or other symmetric target-penalty configurations, performance was optimal in the sense of maximizing expected gain. In this study, more complex, asymmetric configurations were used in which the two penalty regions carried different penalties. With these configurations, the landscape of expected gain as a function of mean end point (MEP) was spatially asymmetric. Further, the optimal movement plan with these configurations was sometimes counterintuitive (e.g., one should aim slightly inside the lesser penalty region). In one asymmetric condition, four out of six naïve participants' performed suboptimally, indicating that there are limits to human movement planning. Further, the suboptimal performance was inconsistent with a model in which participants misestimate motor variability but otherwise optimally plan their movement.
Anopheles gambiae Circumsporozoite Protein–Binding Protein Facilitates Plasmodium Infection of Mosquito Salivary Glands (2013)

Malaria, a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium species, causes substantial morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Plasmodium sporozoites mature in oocysts formed in the mosquito gut wall and then invade the salivary glands, where they remain until transmitted to the vertebrate host during a mosquito bite. The Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CSP) binds to salivary glands and plays a role in the invasion of this organ by sporozoites. We identified an Anopheles salivary gland protein, named CSP-binding protein (CSPBP), that interacts with CSP. Downregulation of CSPBP in mosquito salivary glands inhibited invasion by Plasmodium organisms. In vivo bioassays showed that mosquitoes that were fed blood with CSPBP antibody displayed a 25% and 90% reduction in the parasite load in infected salivary glands 14 and 18 days after the blood meal, respectively. These results suggest that CSPBP is important for the infection of the mosquito salivary gland by Plasmodium organisms and that blocking CSPBP can interfere with the Plasmodium life cycle.
Growth optimization of algae for biodiesel production (2011)

Optimized growth conditions were determined for two lipid producing strains identified in the Aquatic Species Program summary report. An optimized, first-stage growth reactor operating at these conditions would thus offer the maximum productivity for an algal biomass feed stream into a lipid-optimized second-stage reactor.
Chemical looping and oxygen permeable ceramic membranes for hydrogen production – a review (2012)

Both chemical looping processes and oxygen permeable ceramic membranes require a gas–solid surface reaction to occur in order to function; the two approaches have much in common at a fundamental level. Both approaches, through either dynamic operation in the case of looping or membrane operation, allow a degree of process intensification through simultaneous reaction and separation. Here the use of chemical looping and oxygen permeable ceramic membranes for hydrogen production is reviewed. Hydrogen production from water with various reducing gases is covered, as is synthesis gas production from hydrocarbons with various oxidants (this requiring further hydrogen separation from the synthesis gas). The two approaches are compared and contrasted.
Machine-Generated Multimedia Content (2009)

In this paper we describe an automated system, and its attendant set of techniques and tools, that is able to generate novel multimedia experiences. Using existing online sources, external textual and multimedia repositories, and user preferences, the system builds a customized audio/visual experience for the user. We discuss one application in detail: News at Seven, an automatically generated, personalized news show. Beginning with a set of user preferences, the system is able to find relevant text, process that text, and supplement it with images, video, and blogger responses. The final output of the system is an online Flash presentation that uses animated avatars with generated speech and is modeled after traditional nightly news broadcast. We see this work as the beginning of an overall approach to machine-generated content.
Evaluation of epileptic dogs as an animal model of human epilepsy. (1985)

In 126 epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurring generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures, epidemiological aspects and the efficacy of chronic oral treatment with common antiepileptic drugs were studied. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs in dogs was compared with the values known for man. As in man, idiopathic epilepsy appeared to be more common than symptomatic epilepsy in dogs. There was a preponderance of male vs. female animals. When the breeds of the epileptic dogs were compared to the distribution of breeds in the hospital population, breed-related differences in the prevalence of epilepsy were found. The highest prevalence was seen in Cocker spaniels, Miniature schnauzers, Collies and Bassets. The total prevalence of dogs with epilepsy was 0.55%. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs showed that some drugs were suited for maintenance therapy in dogs (primidone, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, trimethadione) whereas others appeared not to be ideally suited because of their short half-lives (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, diazepam, clonazepam, nitrazepam). This was confirmed by the evaluation of antiepileptic drug efficacy in epileptic dogs. 46 dogs were treated with primidone at daily doses of 14-104 mg/kg for 6-60 months. During medication with primidone, effective plasma levels of its metabolite phenobarbital could be maintained. Complete control of seizures or a reduction of seizure frequency by at least 75% was achieved in 39% of the dogs at phenobarbital concentrations of 5-49 micrograms/ml. Similar figures were obtained during chronic treatment with phenobarbital at daily doses of 2.5-13 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Combining metadata, inferred similarity of content, and human interpretation for managing and listening to music collections (2010)

Music services, media players and managers provide support for content\nclassification and access based on filtering metadata values, statistics of access and user\nratings. This approach fails to capture characteristics of mood and personal history that\nare often the deciding factors when creating personal playlists and collections in music.\nThis dissertation work presents MusicWiz, a music management environment that\ncombines traditional metadata with spatial hypertext-based expression and automatically\nextracted characteristics of music to generate personalized associations among songs.\nMusicWiz’s similarity inference engine combines the personal expression in the\nworkspace with assessments of similarity based on the artists, other metadata, lyrics and\nthe audio signal to make suggestions and to generate playlists. An evaluation of\nMusicWiz with and without the workspace and suggestion capabilities showed\nsignificant differences for organizing and playlist creation tasks. The workspace features\nwere more valuable for organizing tasks, while the suggestion features had more value\nfor playlist creation activities.