gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of transglutaminase in human erythroleukemia cells in response to retinoic acid. (1990)

Two human erythroleukemia cell lines, HEL and K562, express transglutaminase activity. The enzyme was identified as a tissue transglutaminase following chromatographic purification. All-trans-retinoic acid (10 microM) stimulated differentiation in HEL cells as judged by a 4-fold increase in hemoglobin content and a reduction in cell proliferation. The transglutaminase activity increased 9-fold. This increase in transglutaminase was the result of a pretranslational regulation of the gene as revealed by Northern blot analysis of mRNA. These changes were not a result of cell apoptosis, since parallel DNA degradation catalyzed by a Ca2(+)-dependent endonuclease could not be demonstrated. The K562 cells, in contrast, showed no transglutaminase induction following exposure to retinoic acid and displayed no changes in maturation markers or cell growth.
Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar differences in response to sulfentrazone (1997)

Greenhouse-grown soybean cultivars varied in their tolerance to preemergence application of sulfentrazone. The cultivars Ransom, Hutcheson, Kato, Gasoy 17, and Cobb exhibited relatively low tolerance to 0.5 kg ai ha−1 sulfentrazone with 38, 41, 46, 50, and 58% height reduction compared to respective controls. The growth of tolerant cultivars Centennial, Edison, and Hartz 5164 was not affected by this treatment. However, the growth of all cultivars was reduced at the excessive rate of 2.0 kg ha−1 preemergence application of sulfentrazone. No differences in root uptake or translocation of [14C] sulfentrazone were observed between the relatively tolerant and less tolerant cultivars tested. Centennial and Hutcheson cultivars rapidly metabolized sulfentrazone via oxidative degradation of the 3-methyl group on the triazolinone ring of the herbicide. Only 4.7 and 4.9% of the active ingredient remained in the foliage of Hutcheson and Centennial 24 h after treatment, respectively. While there were no differences in Protox inhibition or Proto IX accumulation between the two cultivars, Hutcheson was more sensitive than Centennial to peroxidative stresses induced by either Proto IX accumulation or rose bengal. Therefore, tolerance to sulfentrazone is due to rapid metabolism of the herbicide; however, the intraspecific difference in response to sulfentrazone appears to be due to intrinsic differential tolerance to the herbicide-induced peroxidative stress.
Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Activation Regulates Apoptotic Proteins (1996)

Activation of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) blocks osmotic mediated programmed cell death (PCD) in neurons. We speculated that IGF-IR activation could afford neuroprotection either by effecting the negative regulators of the death pathway, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, or by altering activity of the ced-3/ICE-like proteases. Here we report that osmotic stress decreases total neuronal Bcl-2 by 4-fold and that hyperosmotic PCD correlates with proteolytic processing of neuronal ced-3/ICE-like proteases. IGF-IR activation maintains normal Bcl-2 levels, and signaling via the IGF-IR:phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway prevents ICE/LAP-3 and Yama/CPP32 processing. Finally, increased neuronal IGF-IR expression enhances the negative death regulator Bcl-xL. We suggest that IGF-IR signaling exerts its short-term inhibitory effects upon PCD "upstream" of both Bcl proteins and ced-3/ICE-like proteases, while chronic increased IGF-IR expression may modulate susceptibility to death signals by mediating the negative death regulator, Bcl-xL.
Giving Money in Australia (2006)

Churches and many church-related organisations are dependent on people's generosity. Understanding the patterns of giving, and the reasons why some people are generous and other people are not, is essential for their survival. This edition of Pointers will look at these issues through a series of three articles. The first is a report on giving both money and time to volunteer causes that was released by the Department of Family and Community Services in 2005. The second is an article contributed by NCLS Research based on the church-attender survey of 2001. The third paper was written by Rev John Mann, acting director of the Commission on Mission in the Uniting Church, Synod of Victoria and Tasmania, who did a study using NCLS data and focus groups last year as part of a Masters degree.
Loss in a striated coated conductor (2007)

It is argued that a high-temperature coated conductor, despite being very thin, is described by the same loss theory used for a typical low-temperature superconductor, except that it has anisotropy. However, it is also argued that in both cases for a more complete understanding of the general loss problem the existence of a surface charge must be added to the standard theory. The hysteresis and coupling current loss for a striated coated conductor in a strong perpendicular ac magnetic field (but without net transport current) is computed using the new theory. The total loss is then obtained by adding a term due to eddy current loss in the substrate. The coupling current loss is divided into a transverse and a longitudinal part, where the latter is neglected. The result is compared with measurements published by other authors.
Ionization Condition of Lithium Ionic Liquid Electrolytes under the Solvation Effect of Liquid and Solid Solvents (2008)

Ionization condition and ionic structures of the lithium ionic liquid electrolytes, LiTFSI/EMI-TFSI/(PEG or silica), were investigated through the measurements of ionic conductivity and diffusion coefficient. The size of the hydrodynamic lithium species (rLi) evaluated from the Stokes-Einstein equation was 0.90 nm before gelation with the PEG or silica. This reveals that the TFSI- anions from the solvent are coordinated on Li+ for solvation, forming, for example, Li(TFSI)4(3-) and Li(TFSI)2- in the electrolyte solution. By the dispersion of PEG for gelation, rLi increased up to 1.8 nm with the 10 wt % of PEG. This indicates that the lithium species is directly interacted with the oxygen sites on the polymer chains and the lithium species migrate, reflecting the polymer by hopping from site to site. In case of the silica dispersion, rLi decreased to 0.7 nm at 10 wt % silica. Although the silica surface with silanol groups fundamentally attracts Li+, the lithium does not migrate from site to site on the silica surface as in the gel of the polymer and follows random walk behavior in the network of the liquid-phase pathways in the two-phase gel. In the process, that solvated TFSI- anions are partially removed may be due to the attractive effect of H+, which was dissociated from the silanol group. It is concluded that the dispersed silica is effective to modify the hydrodynamic lithium species to be appropriate for charge transport as reducing the size and anionic charge of Li(TFSI)4(3-) by removing one or two TFSI- anions.
Successful Gene Therapy <i>in Utero</i> for Lethal Murine Hypophosphatasia (2011)

Hypophosphatasia (HPP), caused by mutations in the gene ALPL encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP), is an inherited systemic skeletal disease characterized by mineralization defects of bones and teeth. The clinical severity of HPP varies widely, from a lethal perinatal form to mild odontohypophosphatasia showing only dental manifestations. HPP model mice (Akp2−/−) phenotypically mimic the severe infantile form of human HPP; they appear normal at birth but die by 2 weeks of age because of growth failure, hypomineralization, and epileptic seizures. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of fetal gene therapy using the lethal HPP model mice. On day 15 of gestation, the fetuses of HPP model mice underwent transuterine intraperitoneal injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) expressing bone-targeted TNALP. Treated and delivered mice showed normal weight gain and seizure-free survival for at least 8 weeks. Vector sequence was detected in systemic organs including bone at 14 days of age. ALP activities in plasma and bone were consistently high. Enhanced mineralization was demonstrated on X-ray images of the chest and forepaw. Our data clearly demonstrate that systemic injection of AAV9 in utero is an effective strategy for the treatment of lethal HPP mice. Fetal gene therapy may be an important choice after prenatal diagnosis of life-threatening HPP. Sugano and colleagues investigate the feasibility of fetal gene therapy for hypophosphatasia (HPP), which is caused by mutations in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP). Mice that phenotypically mimic the severe infantile form of human HPP underwent transuterine intraperitoneal injection of adeno-associated viral vector type 9 (AAV9) expressing bone-targeted TNALP. Treated mice showed normal weight gain and seizure-free survival for at least 8 weeks after birth, with consistently high levels of ALP activity in plasma and bone.
Effect of borax on serum lipid profile in dogs. (2000)

The effects of homocysteine on the synthesis of arterial prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated. Homocysteine at 10 mM and 1 mM concentration inhibited PGI2 synthesis from both exogenous and endogenous arachidonic acid. While concentrations of 100 microM and 1 microM stimulated PGI2 synthesis. Similar inhibitory effects of H2O2 on PGI2 synthesis were observed. High concentrations (100 microM and 500 microM) of H2O2 inhibited PGI2 production while low concentrations (1 microM) of H2O2 stimulated it. Catalase overcame the inhibitory effect of H2O2 (100 microM). Homocysteine induced O2 uptake and catalase inhibited the O2 uptake by homocysteine. Thus the inhibitory and stimulatory effect of homocysteine may be dependent on the oxidation of homocysteine and subsequent H2O2 generation.
Darstellung enantiomerenreiner 3-Oxa-2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane und ihre Umwandlung in andere bicyclische Ringsysteme/Preparation of Pure Enantiomeric 3-Oxa-2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes and their Conversion to Other Bicyclic Ring-Systems (1999)

Pure Enantiomeric (S)-N-benzylalaninol (R 1 = Me) and (S)-N-benzylvalinol (R 1 = i-Pr) were allylated with Br-CH 2 -CH=CR 2 R 3 (R 2 = R 3 = H; R 2 = Ph, R 3 = H; R 2 = R 3 = Ph). Swern oxidation followed by treatment with methylhydroxylamine afforded nitrones 6 (Me- N(O)=CH-CHR 1 -N(CH 2 Ph)CH 2 -CH=CR 2 R 3 ) which underwent an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition providing 3-oxa-2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes, e.g. (1R,5R,8S)-7-benzyl-2,8- dimethyl-3-oxa-2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane 7a (R 1 = Me, R 2 = R 3 = H) and (1R,4R,5R,8S)- 7-benzyl-2,8-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3-oxa-2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]-octane 7b (R 1 = Me, R 2 = Ph, R 3 = H). Reductive ring opening of 7a and 7b afforded the corresponding a-hydroxyalkylated pyrrolidines (9a: R 2 = H or 9b: R 2 = Ph. resp.). Condensation of these compounds with benzaldehyde yielded a mixture of diastereomeric 4-oxa-2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]- nonanes: 10a/11a (1R,3S,6R,9S)/(1R,3R,6R,9S) R 1 = Me, R 2 = R 3 = H and 10b /lib (1R,3S,5R,6R,9S)/(1R,3R,5R,6R,9S) R 1 = Me, R 2 = Ph, R 3 = H. Pyrrolidine 9b was converted to the mesylate which formed (1R,4S,5R,7S)-3-benzyl-4,6-dimethyl-7-phenyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane 13 along with (4R,5S)-1-benzyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-styryl-imidazolidine 15 upon treatment with sodium hydroxide.
Recent developments and design challenges in continuous roller micro- and nanoimprinting (2011)

As an emerging technology for the manufacture of micro- and nano-scale patterns, continuous imprinting; otherwise known as roll-to-roll or roller imprinting, is attracting interest from researchers around the world because of its inherent advantages of low cost, high throughput, large area patterning. This technology is an evolutionary advance on the more traditional nanoimprint lithography developed in the 1990s, which is considered a batch mode, or dis-continuous patterning approach. In recent years, a number of commercial applications have been discovered which require low cost, large area patterning, particularly displays, optical coatings and films, and biological applications such as anti-fouling surfaces and micro-fluidic devices. This review covers a variety of continuous imprinting approaches, highlights challenges, and surveys progress towards high speed production of micro- and nanoscale features for these applications and others using this platform technology.
La mirada de Flora (1975)

The review considers trace elements including fluorine, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, silicon, and nickel from the standpoint of their role as either inhibitory or causative agents of cancer and also the possible use of their assay in biological fluids as diagnostic or prognostic aids in patients with cancer.
Factors that affect ion trap data-dependent MS/MS in proteomics (2003)

Quadrupole ion trap scanning parameters for performing bottom-up proteomics in a data-dependent fashion were evaluated on a Finnigan LCQ Deca mass spectrometer. Evaluation of parameters such as the number of averaged full scans, the number of averaged MS/MS scans, and ion injection times were necessary for acquiring high quality MS/MS spectra that yield favorable b and y ion coverage and high correlation to proteins using database searching algorithms. In this study, we demonstrated how the duty cycle of the mass spectrometer affects the number of peptides that can be successfully identified by SEQUEST using a model system of tryptic BSA peptides to mimic a typical complex mixture associated with bottom-up proteomics. The number of averaged scans and the duration of ion accumulation in the trap had a significant effect on the quality of acquired MS/MS spectra. For example, by increasing the ion injection time from 500 ms to 600 ms, peptide HLVDEPQNLIK improved from being improperly identified to being correctly identified with a SEQUEST cross-correlation score of 3.60. As a result of these experiments, we have devised the following set of ion trap parameters for performing bottom-up proteomics analysis in our laboratory: Three averaged full scans, five averaged MS/MS scans, and a maximum ion injection time of 600 ms.
Design and Fabrication of 4H–SiC Lateral High-Voltage Devices on a Semi-Insulating Substrate (2011)

Design and fabrication of 4H-SiC lateral high-voltage devices on semi-insulating substrates based on the charge compensation principle have been investigated in this work. In the simulation, field plates are critical in relieving the electric field crowding at junction corners at high reverse biases. By incorporating field plates with proper lengths, the breakdown voltage (BV) of a single-zone reduced-surface-field (RESURF) device with a 100- μm drift region can be improved from 3360 to 5880 V. The BV can be further enhanced to 8000 V by using a two-zone RESURF structure. The reduction in BV by 10% charge imbalance variation is also improved from 49% for a single-zone structure to 36% for a two-zone structure. Simulation also shows that oxide charges and other surface charges will offset the optimized charge imbalance conditions and, therefore, should be considered in design if the amount is significant. A 4H-SiC JFET with a two-zone RESURF region was fabricated to demonstrate the advantages of lateral devices based on these concepts. The fabricated lateral 4H-SiC JFET has a BV of 4200 V and a specific on -resistance of 454 mΩ·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The figure of merit is as high as 38.8 MW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Clone join and shadow join (2000)

Spatial applications frequently need to join two data sets based on some spatial relationship between objects in the two data sets. This operation, called a spatial join, is an expensive operation and in the past many algorithms have been proposed for evaluating the spatial join operation on a single processor system. However, the use of parallelism for handling queries involving large volumes of spatial data has received little attention. In this paper, we explore the use of parallelism for evaluating the spatial join operation. We first propose two strategies for storing spatial data in a parallel database system. We propose a number of spatial join algorithms based on these declustering strategies. Two algorithms are identified as the key algorithms in this design space. We analyze these two algorithms both analytically and experimentally. The experimental evaluation uses real data sets and is based on an actual implementation in a parallel database system. The experiments show that both algorithms can effectively exploit parallelism.
Molecular characterization of cell cycle gene CDC7 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1986)

The product of the CDC7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae appears to have multiple roles in cellular physiology. It is required for the initiation of mitotic DNA synthesis. While it is not required for the initiation of meiotic DNA replication, it is necessary for genetic recombination during meiosis and for the formation of ascospores. It has also been implicated in an error-prone DNA repair pathway. Plasmids capable of complementing temperature-sensitive cdc7 mutations were isolated from libraries of yeast genomic DNA in the multicopy plasmid vectors YRp7 and YEp24. The complementing activity was localized within a 3.0-kilobase genomic DNA fragment. Genetic studies that included integration of the genomic insert at or near the CDC7 locus and marker rescue of four cdc7 alleles proved that the cloned fragment contains the yeast chromosomal CDC7 gene. The RNA transcript of CDC7 is about 1,700 nucleotides. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of a 2.1-kilobase region of the cloned fragment revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 1,521 nucleotides that is presumed to encode the CDC7 protein. Depending on which of two possible ATG codons initiates translation, the calculated size of the CDC7 protein is 58.2 or 56 kilodaltons. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the CDC7 gene product with other known protein sequences suggests that CDC7 encodes a protein kinase.
Stable Concentrated Emulsions of the 1-Monoglyceride of Capric Acid (Monocaprin) with Microbicidal Activities against the Food-Borne Bacteria <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> , <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2006)

Of 11 fatty acids and monoglycerides tested against Campylobacter jejuni, the 1-monoglyceride of capric acid (monocaprin) was the most active in killing the bacterium. Various monocaprin-in-water emulsions were prepared which were stable after storage at room temperature for many months and which retained their microbicidal activity. A procedure was developed to manufacture up to 500 ml of 200 mM preconcentrated emulsions of monocaprin in tap water. The concentrates were clear and remained stable for at least 12 months. They were active against C. jejuni upon 160- to 200-fold dilution in tap water and caused a >6- to 7-log(10) reduction in viable bacterial count in 1 min at room temperature. The addition of 0.8% Tween 40 to the concentrates as an emulsifying agent did not change the microbicidal activity. Emulsions of monocaprin killed a variety of Campylobacter isolates from humans and poultry and also killed strains of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari, indicating a broad anticampylobacter activity. Emulsions of 1.25 mM monocaprin in citrate-lactate buffer at pH 4 to 5 caused a >6- to 7-log(10) reduction in viable bacterial counts of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in 10 min. C. jejuni was also more susceptible to monocaprin emulsions at low pH. The addition of 5 and 10 mM monocaprin emulsions to Campylobacter-spiked chicken feed significantly reduced the bacterial contamination. These results are discussed in view of the possible utilization of monocaprin emulsions in controlling the spread of food-borne bacteria from poultry to humans.
Intrusion Detection System using Fuzzy Logic (2013)

Intrusion detection plays an important role in today’s computer and communication technology. As such it is very important to design time efficient Intrusion Detection System (IDS) low in both, False Positive Rate (FPR) and False Negative Rate (FNR), but high in attack detection precision. To achieve that, this paper proposes IDS model based on Fuzzy Logic. Proposed model consists of three parts, Input Reduction System (IRS), which uses Principal Component Analysis to reduce the dimensions of the system from 41 to 10, Classification System, which uses Fuzzy C Means to create data clusters based on training data and Pattern Recognition System based on Nearest Neighborhood method, which classifies new-coming data records to their respective clusters. Based on different attack types, the system performance in classification process is different and the best performance is achieved for PROBE attack, with 99.3% success rate, and the best performance in pattern recognition is achieved for U2R with 58.8% of success rate.
Identification of an ATP‐binding cassette transport system required for translocation of lipopolysaccharide O‐antigen side‐chains across the cytoplasmic membrane of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O1 (1994)

The rfbKpO1 gene cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae O1 directs synthesis of the D-galactan I component of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen. The first two genes in the rfbKpO1 cluster encode RfbAKpO1 and RfbBKpO1, with predicted sizes of 29.5 or 30.0 kDa and 27.4 kDa, respectively. RfbBKpO1 contains a consensus ATP-binding domain and shares homology with several proteins which function as ATP-binding components of cell surface polysaccharide transporters. RfbAKpO1 is predicted to be an integral membrane protein with five putative membrane-spanning domains and its transmembrane topology was confirmed by TnphoA mutagenesis. The hydropathy plot of RfbAKpO1 resembles KpsM, the transcytoplasmic membrane component of the capsular polysaccharide transporter from Escherichia coli K-1 and K-5. These relationships suggest that RfbAKpO1 and RfbBKpO1 belong to a family of two-component ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters. E. coli K-12 containing a plasmid carrying an rfbKpO1 gene cluster deleted in rfbAKpO1 and rfbBKpO1 expresses rough lipopolysaccharide molecules on its surface and accumulates cytoplasmic O-antigen. When RfbAKpO1 and RfbBKpO1 are supplied in trans by a compatible plasmid, O-polysaccharide transport is restored and smooth D-galactan I-substituted lipopolysaccharide is produced. RfbAKpO1 and RfbBKpO1 are, therefore, proposed to constitute a system required for transport of D-galactan I across the cytoplasmic membrane, where RfbAKpO1 represents the membrane-spanning translocator and RfbBKpO1 couples the energy of ATP hydrolysis ot the transport process.