gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A study on body fat in children aged 7-12]. (1994)

Three and sixty healthy children aged 7-12 with normal development and better-nourishment were selected by stratification according to their height and weight. Body density was measured with hydrostatic weighing technique. Body fat proportion was calculated with Brozek formula. Skinfolds of the four parts of the body (triceps, subscapular, etc.) were measured by Harpenden skinfolds caliper. Results showed body fat proportion in children aged 7-12 averaged 15.12% for male and 17.15% for female, with no significant difference. Body fat proportion was analyzed by stepwise regression on height, weight, skinfolds, and upper arm circumstance. Body fat proportion highly correlated to skinfolds with an r = 0.6664 and P < 0.01. A regression equation of body fat on skinfolds was developed, and laws for the development and changes of body fat discussed in the paper.
Regular surface grating on doped polymer induced by laser scanning (2009)

Thin polymer film doped with optical chromophore porphyrin are shown to respond to irradiation with laser light (λ=405 nm). By simultaneous scanning with laser beam and continual mechanical movement of the polymer film regular grating pattern is formed on the polymer surface. Parameters of the grating vary in wide range as a function of the movement velocity and the laser intensity. Submicron, periodically structures can be prepared using the proposed technique.
High-power diode-pumped Yb^3+:CaF_2 femtosecond laser (2004)

We report what is believed to be the first demonstration of a high-power passively mode-locked diode-pumped femtosecond laser based on an Yb3+:CaF2 single crystal, directly pumped by a 15-W fiber-coupled laser diode. With a 5-at. % Yb3+ -doped sample and prisms for dispersion compensation we obtained pulses as short as 150 fs, with 880 mW of average power and up to 1.4-W average output power, with a pulse duration of 220 fs, centered at 1049 nm. The laser wavelength could be tuned from 1040 to 1053 nm in the femtosecond regime. Using chirped mirrors for dispersion compensation, the oscillator provided up to 1.74 W of average power, with a pulse duration of 230 fs, corresponding to a pulse energy of 20 nJ and a peak power of 85 kW.
Genetic Characterization of the Resorcinol Catabolic Pathway in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2006)

Corynebacterium glutamicum grew on resorcinol as a sole source of carbon and energy. By genome-wide data mining, two gene clusters, designated NCgl1110-NCgl1113 and NCgl2950-NCgl2953, were proposed to encode putative proteins involved in resorcinol catabolism. Deletion of the NCgl2950-NCgl2953 gene cluster did not result in any observable phenotype changes. Disruption and complementation of each gene at NCgl1110-NCgl1113, NCgl2951, and NCgl2952 indicated that these genes were involved in resorcinol degradation. Expression of NCgl1112, NCgl1113, and NCgl2951 in Escherichia coli revealed that NCgl1113 and NCgl2951 both coded for hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenases and NCgl1112 coded for maleylacetate reductases. NCgl1111 encoded a putative monooxygenase, but this putative hydroxylase was very different from previously functionally identified hydroxylases. Cloning and expression of NCgl1111 in E. coli revealed that NCgl1111 encoded a resorcinol hydroxylase that needs NADPH as a cofactor. E. coli cells containing Ncgl1111 and Ncgl1113 sequentially converted resorcinol into maleylacetate. NCgl1110 and NCgl2950 both encoded putative TetR family repressors, but only NCgl1110 was transcribed and functional. NCgl2953 encoded a putative transporter, but disruption of this gene did not affect resorcinol degradation by C. glutamicum. The function of NCgl2953 remains unclear.
Use of Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Population Structure in Tracing Human Migrations (2007)

Well-resolved molecular gene trees illustrate the concept of descent with modification and exhibit the opposing processes of drift and migration, both of which influence population structure. Phylogenies of the maternally inherited mtDNA genome and the paternally inherited portion of the nonrecombining Y chromosome retain sequential records of the accumulation of genetic diversity. Although knowledge regarding the diversity of the entire human genome will be needed to completely characterize human genetic evolution, these uniparentally inherited loci are unique indicators of gender in modulating the extant population structure. We compare and contrast these loci for patterns of continuity and discreteness and discuss how their phylogenetic diversity and progression provide means to disentangle ancient colonization events by pioneering migrants from subsequent overlying migrations. We introduce new results concerning Y chromosome founder haplogroups C, DE, and F that resolve their previous trifurcation and improve the harmony with the mtDNA recapitulation of the out-of-Africa migration.
The doping level of boron-doped diamond electrodes affects the voltammetric sensing of uric acid (2018)

In this work, the electrochemical oxidation and subsequent determination of uric acid was investigated using boron-doped diamond electrodes with various B/C ratios (0–2000 ppm).
Regional differences in the role of the Ca2+ and Na+ currents in pacemaker activity in the sinoatrial node (1997)

The effect of block of the L-type Ca2+ current by 2 microM nifedipine and of the Na+ current by 20 microM tetrodotoxin on the center (normally the leading pacemaker site) and periphery (latent pacemaker tissue) of the rabbit sinoatrial node was investigated. Spontaneous action potentials were recorded with microelectrodes from either an isolated right atrium containing the whole node or small balls of tissue (approximately 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter) from different regions of the node. Nifedipine abolished the action potential in the center, but not usually in the periphery, in both the intact sinoatrial node and the small balls. Tetrodotoxin had no effect, on electrical activity in small balls from the center, but it decreased the takeoff potential and upstroke velocity and slowed the spontaneous activity (by 49 +/- 10%; n = 11) in small balls from the periphery. It is concluded that whereas the L-type Ca2- current plays an obligatory role in pacemaking in the center, the Na+ current plays a major role in pacemaking in the periphery.
Preparation of Plate-Form Manganese Oxide by Selective Lithium Extraction from Monoclinic Li<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> under Hydrothermal Conditions (2000)

Hydrothermal lithium extraction from well-crystallized Li2MnO3 crystals was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, chemical, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Monoclinic Li2MnO3 polyhedral crystals were prepared in an LiCl flux at 650 °C. The lithium extraction was carried out in a variety of H2SO4 solutions with mole ratios of H+ in the solution to Li+ in the solid ([H+]l/[Li+]s) of 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 under a hydrothermal condition at 140 °C. The lithium extraction from Li2MnO3 proceeds consuming equimolar H+ in the solution by the mechanism of a Li+/H+ ion exchange reaction when [H+]l/[Li+]s ≤ 0.15 and by the mechanism of a mixture of the Li+/H+ ion exchange reaction and lithium dissolution when 0.25 ≤ [H+]l/[Li+]s ≤ 0.75. The lithium-extracted phase preserves the crystal structure of Li2MnO3 with a partial contraction of the lattice when 0.25 ≤ [H+]l/[Li+]s ≤ 0.75. SEM observation showed that the lithium extraction brings about a cleavage of the Li2MnO3 particle along the (001) plane to result in a unique form in which platelike particles are stacked, preserving the polyhedral outline. High-magnification SEM observation showed that the platelike particles consist of an aggregate of subplates with nanometer thickness in parallel arrangement. Slit-shaped mesopores were formed among the subplates. γ-MnO2 was formed as a final product when [H+]l/[Li+]s = 1. A structural model is proposed to explain the mechanism of lithium extraction as well as the cleavage of the particle.
A Response to Stringent Vinyl Staining Resistance Requirements (1989)

Influence du catalyseur sur les proprietes des mousses de polyurethanes utilisees dans les interieurs de vehicule
Receiver Design for Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) (2015)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the promising radio access techniques for further cellular enhancements toward 5G. Compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) such as orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), large performance gains were confirmed via system-level simulations. However, NOMA link-level simulations and the design of the receiver remain of great importance to validate NOMA performance gains. In this paper, we evaluate downlink NOMA link-level performance with multiple receiver designs and propose a novel NOMA transmitter and receiver design, where the signals of multi-users are jointly modulated at transmitter side and detected at receiver side. The predominant advantage of the proposed scheme is that at receiver side interference cancellation to the interference signal is not needed, thus low complexity is achieved. The performances of codeword-level SIC, symbol-level SIC and the proposed receiver are evaluated and compared with ideal SIC. Simulation results show that compared with ideal SIC, downlink NOMA link-level performance depends on actual receiver design and the difference in the power ratio split between the cell edge user and cell center user. In particular, it is shown that codeword-level SIC and the proposed receiver can both provide a good performance even when the power ratio difference between the cell center user and cell edge user is small and with real channel estimation.
Skin-friction measurements and calculations on a lifting airfoil (1996)

A new technique for measuring skin friction was employed to help document the flow on an airfoil at angles of attack from -0.5 to 11.5 deg. Surface pressures were also measured on both the wing and wind-tunnel walls. The experiment was conducted at a freestream Mach number of 0.2 and Reynolds numbers of 0.6, 2, and 6 x 10 6 . The objective of the study was to provide data and boundary condition information sufficient for the validation of numerical simulations. Such a simulation of the experiment was conducted using the INS2D Navier-Stokes code with the shear-stress-transport turbulence model. The computations provide a good description of both laminar and turbulent shear levels, except for turbulent flow on the top surface of the wing at the higher angles of attack.
A C/sup 2/-continuous B-spline quaternion curve interpolating a given sequence of solid orientations (2002)

An algorithm is presented that constructs a C/sup 2/-continuous B-spline quaternion curve which interpolates a given sequence of unit quaternions on the rotation group SO(3). The de Casteljau type construction method of B-spline curves can be extended to generate B-spline quaternion curves; however, the B-spline quaternion curves do not have C/sup 2/-continuity in SO(3). The authors recently suggested a new construction method that can extend a B-spline curve to a similar one in SO(3) while preserving the C/sup k/-continuity of the B-spline curve. We adapt this method for the construction of a B-spline quaternion interpolation curve. Thus, the problem essentially reduces to the problem of finding the control points for the B-spline interpolation curve. However, due to the non-linearity of the associated constraint equations, it is non-trivial to compute the B-spline control points. We provide an efficient iterative refinement solution which can approximate the control points very precisely.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Observations on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses. (1986)

In the detection of antibodies against exogenous subgroup A avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) using a representative subgroup A virus, concordance between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and serum neutralizations ranged from 83 to 95%. In ELISAs, subgroup A- and subgroup B-specific neutralizing antisera were equally reactive against ALVs of subgroups A, B, and E. Conversely, little cross-reactivity of high-titered subgroup E antisera was observed against subgroup A viruses. Significant cross-reactivities of spontaneously induced subgroup E-neutralizing antisera were observed when tested against a representative subgroup B ALV. Because some normal chickens spontaneously mount antibodies against infectious endogenous viruses, misleading results may be obtained if subgroup B or E ALVs are the source of target antigens in ELISAs.
Lens-free digital in-line holographic imaging for wide field-of-view, high-resolution and real-time monitoring of complex microscopic objects (2014)

Lens-free inline Holographic Microscopy (LHM) holds great promise for biomedical and industrial applications thanks to its conceptual simplicity. However, the challenge lies in achieving an image quality comparable to conventional microscopes. We demonstrate a high-throughput LHM system that is able to resolve 1.23μm-thin lines on a standard USAF 1951 test target with 1.67μm pixels at the full field-of-view (>29mm<sup>2</sup>). The system is based on a unique multiwavelength iterative-phase-retrieval method, using customized hardware and real-time post-processing software. We have evaluated our system in experiments ranging from single-cell inspection to in-vitro imaging of stem-cell colonies.
New approaches in small animal echocardiography: imaging the sounds of silence (2011)

Systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) is a hallmark of most cardiac diseases. In vivo assessment of heart function in animal models, particularly mice, is essential to refining our understanding of cardiovascular disease processes. Ultrasound echocardiography has emerged as a powerful, noninvasive tool to serially monitor cardiac performance and map the progression of heart dysfunction in murine injury models. This review covers current applications of small animal echocardiography, as well as emerging technologies that improve evaluation of LV function. In particular, we describe speckle-tracking imaging-based regional LV analysis, a recent advancement in murine echocardiography with proven clinical utility. This sensitive measure enables an early detection of subtle myocardial defects before global dysfunction in genetically engineered and rodent surgical injury models. Novel visualization technologies that allow in-depth phenotypic assessment of small animal models, including perfusion imaging and fetal echocardiography, are also discussed. As imaging capabilities continue to improve, murine echocardiography will remain a critical component of the investigator's armamentarium in translating animal data to enhanced clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Wrapping legacy codes for Grid-based applications (2004)

This paper describes a process for the semi-automatic conversion of numerical and scientific routines written in the C programming language into Triana-based computational services that can be used within a distributed service-oriented architecture such as that being adopted for Grid computing. This process involves two separate but related tools, JACAW and MEDLI. JACAW is a wrapper tool based on the Java Native Interface (JNI) that can automatically generate the Java interface and related files for any C routine, or library of C routines. The MEDLI tool can then be used to assist the user in describing the mapping between the Triana and C data types involved in calling a particular routine. In this paper we describe both JACAW and MEDLI, and demonstrate how they are used in practice to convert legacy code into Grid services.
The Holy Grail: immune control of human herpes simplex virus infection and disease. (2001)

To develop an effective vaccine against genital herpes, the mechanisms of immune control of primary and recurrent genital herpes need to be elucidated thoroughly in humans, using animal models as a guide. The types of effector cells and their main viral target/stimulator proteins are especially important. In human recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, the major effectors are CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and T-helper 1 cytokines, interferon-in particular. Glycoprotein D, B2-tegument proteins and proteins produced early in viral replication are stimulatory for CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, respectively. These in vitro results are consistent with the findings of the most recent HSV vaccine trials.
Increasing session-to-session transfer in a brain–computer interface with on-site background noise acquisition (2015)

We inferred from our results that, with an on-site background noise suppression feature extractor and pre-existing training data, further training time may be unnecessary.
Cryomold: A Device for Tissue Embedding in Mohs Micrographic Surgery (1991)

We describe the use of a cryomold as a technique for tissue embedding in Mohs Micrographic Surgery. This technique regularly affords many advantages over other methods of tissue embedding, such as: 1) regularly and expeditiously yields complete margins for microscopic review; 2) facilitates flattening of large, thick, and irregularly shaped specimens; and 3) avoids crush artifact and tissue distortion that may be seen with forcible compression.
Two Cases from the Spectrum of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (1995)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a poorly understood disease that mimics alcoholic liver disease histologically. Its natural history is not well defined, although gradual progression to cirrhosis has been described. Most patients with this condition have been obese, with or without associated diabetes or hyperlipidemia. No known effective treatment exists for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, although weight loss may have a beneficial effect. We report two cases of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. One patient with well-established nonalcoholic steatohepatitis had cirrhosis with a complete loss of fat on subsequent liver biopsy despite a gain in weight, simulating cryptogenic cirrhosis. In another patient, the condition improved after use of ursodeoxycholic acid; this agent may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We believe these two cases represent the spectrum of this condition: on the one end is a progressive liver disease that in some instances may be a cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis; at the other end, a potentially treatable liver condition.
Harnessing Multimode Broad-Area Laser-Diode Emission Into a Single-Lobe Diffraction- Limited Spot (2007)

A spectrally resolved phase manipulation technique external to the laser cavity is used to reshape the multimode emission of a conventional broad-area laser diode into a diffraction-limited single-lobe spot. A mode conversion efficiency of 60% with a total insertion loss of 25% has been demonstrated with conventional optical elements and a binary phase mask.
ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMIC INTERLEUKIN-11 AFTER MAJOR TRAUMA (2004)

Recent data have shown that anti-inflammatory responses to major injury occur immediately after trauma. Interleukin 11 (IL-11), a member of the IL-6 family, is a pleiotropic cytokine with hematopoietic, osteotrophic, and mucosa protective properties, as well as anti-inflammatory functions. IL-11 inhibits synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, promotes a Th2-type immune response, and improves outcome after shock and sepsis in different animal models. To further investigate the role of IL-11 in the human posttraumatic immune response, we measured plasma levels of IL-11 in 216 multiple-injured patients (mean age of 40 +/- 16 [range 11-81] years; Injury Severity Score [ISS] of 31 +/- 11 [range 16-66] points; 52 women and 164 men) after injury and correlated this with demographics, clinical course, and other laboratory parameters. IL-11 was significantly elevated in polytraumatized patients compared with healthy donors (P <0.0001). The time course of IL-11 in surviving patients was an initial increase after trauma with a decrease during the first 4 weeks, whereas nonsurvivors (n=34) had a significant increase later after injury (4 weeks). IL-11 was significantly higher after abdominal trauma and in men. No correlation between systemic IL-11 and ISS or age was detected. IL-11 correlated significantly with other pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18. Our data demonstrate elevated levels of systemic IL-11 after multiple injuries; however, the role of a posttraumatic increase of IL-11 has to be further analyzed. In contrast to IL-6, IL-11 in plasma does not correlate with trauma severity and seems to have no clinical relevance to outcome prediction after trauma.
Definition of the Consensus Motif Recognized by γ-Adaptin Ear Domains (2004)

The heterotetrameric adaptor complex 1 (AP-1) and the monomeric Golgi-localized, gamma ear-containing, Arf-binding (GGA) proteins are components of clathrin coats associated with the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. The carboxyl-terminal ear domains (or gamma-adaptin ear (GAE) domains) of two gamma-adaptin subunit isoforms of AP-1 and of the GGAs are structurally similar and bind to a common set of accessory proteins. In this study, we have systematically defined a core tetrapeptide motif PsiG(P/D/E)(Psi/L/M) (where Psi is an aromatic residue), which is responsible for the interactions of accessory proteins with GAE domains. The definition of this motif has allowed us to identify novel GAE-binding partners named NECAP and aftiphilin, which also contain clathrin-binding motifs. These findings shed light on the mechanism of accessory protein recruitment to trans-Golgi network and endosomal clathrin coats.
Advanced nonenzymatic glycation endproducts (AGE): their relevance to aging and the pathogenesis of late diabetic complications. (1991)

Several studies in the last decade have highlighted the importance of the hexose sugars and especially glucose, as being responsible for alterations to living protein and other molecules. The phenomenon of nonenzymatic glycation--by which the carbonyl group of glucose can directly condense with a free amino group--may be relevant for the process of aging and for the pathogenesis of late diabetic complications. Thus life-long exposure to normoglycemia in non diabetic subjects or a shorter exposure but continued association with a hyperglycemic milieu, as in diabetes mellitus, have both been shown to lead to the formation and accumulation of irreversible and highly reactive advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) over long-lived, fundamental molecules such as the constituents of arterial wall collagen, basement membranes, nerve myelin, DNA and others. For example, the introduction of foreign AGE groups into proteins might alter their tertiary structure and therefore modify their function or activity. By increasing protein-to-protein cross-links AGE could reduce protein turnover, with consequential increases in levels of modified and thus less reactive molecules. Moreover, AGE could initiate an immune response with the production of specific antibodies. Reducing the extent of nonenzymatic glycation could effectively reduce the accumulation of AGE. Many authors are experimenting with methods to achieve this aim. Amongst the products tested are aspirin and aminoguanidine which compete with glucose for the same protein amino group. D-lysine is also being investigated on the principle that by reacting with glucose in circulation, it could effectively prevent it from reaching the amino group on the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)