gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the protodestannylation of vinyltrialkyltins and substituted vinyltrialkyltins (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the protodestannylation of vinyltrialkyltins and substituted vinyltrialkyltinsJohn C. Cochran, Susan C. Bayer, James T. Bilbo, Michael S. Brown, Lawrence B. Colen, Francis J. Gaspirini, David W. Goldsmith, Matthew D. Jamin, Kenneth A. Nealy, and Cite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 4, 586–590Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/om00064a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (615 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of DL alpha-lipoic acid on some carbohydrate metabolising enzymes in stone forming rats. (1991)

DL alpha-lipoic acid has been shown to prevent the induced precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals in the renal tissues of laboratory animals. The acid seems to have a profound influence on carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats. Here the effect of alpha-lipoic acid was studied on certain key carbohydrate metabolising enzymes in the tissues of calcium oxalate stone forming rats administered with glycollate as oxalate precursor. There was augmentation of glycolysis in the renal tissues of stone forming as well as lipoate administered rats. The two major gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) and fructose-1, 6 diphosphatase (FDP) were significantly inhibited in tissues of calculogenic rats. Lipoic acid also reduced the enzyme activities significantly. The citric acid cycle enzymes were not influenced to an appreciable extent. The observed alterations are likely to be due to the regulatory effects of oxalate and lipoate on the enzyme systems.
262. Infrared absorption spectra of aliphatic nitro-alcohols. Part I. Spectra of monohydric nitro-alcohols and their chloro- and bromo-derivatives (1961)

Z. Eckstein, P. Gluziński, W. Sobótka and T. Urbański, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 1370 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610001370
Identification of molecular species of glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin using electrospray mass spectrometry. (1994)

This paper describes the use of positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS (tandem mass spectrometry) to identify glycerophospholipid and ceramide headgroups and their alkyl, alkenyl and acyl constituents. Molecular ion adducts were the primary products formed by positive ionization, occurring as [M+H]+, [M+Na]+, [M+K]+, [M+formate]+, or [M+acetate]+, depending upon the class of glycerophospholipid and the presence or absence of these ionization-promoting species. Similar (negatively charged) ions corresponding to the loss of the groups listed above were formed in negative ion MS. Positive ion electrospray MS/MS provides information on the nature of the headgroup, with the formation of an ion corresponding to the headgroup itself, or the loss of the headgroup from the molecular ion H+ or Na+ adduct. Acyl constituents are identified during negative ion MS/MS from the formation of their RCOO- ions. The nature of alkyl or alkenyl substituents in glycerophosphoethanolamine (PE) molecular species can be identified from residual ions following the loss of ethanolamine plus loss of the acyl moiety in the sn-2 position, and cyclization of a phosphate oxygen with C-2 of glycerol. In glycerophosphoinositol (PI) species, it appears that an RCO- ion is formed during negative ion MS/MS, possibly to steric interference from the bulky phosphoinositol headgroup that prevents cyclization (and subsequent stabilization) of the ion described for PE species. Positive and negative ion electrospray MS spectra for molecular species of commercial preparations of PE, PI, phosphatidylserine (PS), glycerophosphocholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) produced similar profiles. For phospholipids occurring as Na+ adducts, concentrations above ca. 1 ng/microliter produced significant quantities of both [M+H]+ and [M+Na]+ ions for those molecular species present in the largest quantities, complicating interpretation of the spectra. Complete profiles of molecular species were obtained from as little as 10 picograms of material. Major components of PE were identified from 0.1 picogram total lipid. Using single ion monitoring of the Na+ adduct of beta-acetyl-gamma-O-hexadecyl L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine, 10 femtograms of material was detected. A mixture of 1 nanogram each of PE, PI, PS, and PC was readily resolved into individual molecular species, with little apparent loss of resolution or preferential ionization. Electrospray MS did not provide information on the position (sn-1 or sn-2) of fatty acids, and was not capable of differentiating in all instances between alkyl-acyl and alkenyl-acyl substituents without prior separation of these lipid subclasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Using adaptive read voltage thresholds to enhance the reliability of MLC NAND flash memory systems (2014)

NAND Flash memory is not only the ubiquitous storage medium in consumer applications, but has also started to appear in enterprise storage systems as well. MLC and TLC Flash technology made it possible to store multiple bits in the same silicon area as SLC, thus reducing the cost per amount of data stored. However, at current sub-20nm technology nodes, MLC Flash devices fail to provide the levels of raw reliability, mainly cycling endurance, that are required by typical enterprise applications. Advanced signal-processing and coding schemes are needed to improve the Flash bit error rate and thus elevate the device reliability to the desired level. In this paper, we report on the use of adaptive voltage thresholds in the read operation of NAND Flash devices. We discuss how the optimal read voltage thresholds can be determined, and assess the benefit of adapting the read voltage thresholds in terms of cycling endurance, data retention and resilience to read disturb.
Development of an ELISA for the analysis of atrazine metabolites deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDevelopment of an ELISA for the analysis of atrazine metabolites deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazineChristine Wittmann and Bertold HockCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 6, 1194–1200Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00006a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Other Raw Materials (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Cellulose (Pulp) Granules General discussion of physical properties Polyolefins Polyesters Polyamides Powders Polymer powders Polyacrylonitrile Further copolymers Additives Stabilizers Pigments Absorbent polymers Absorption mechanism Production process Suspension polymerization Solution polymerization Surface crosslinking In-situ polymerization Test methods Characteristic data of absorbent polymer Field of application Summary Spin finishes General Definitions The requirements placed on spin finishes Compositions of spin finishes The application of spin finishes Man-made fibre production Processing Test methods Tests on the spin finishing agent Tests on spin finished fibre material Spin finishes on nonwovens General Nonwoven fabric manufacture and spin finishes End product and spin finish Future prospects
Learning term-weighting functions for similarity measures (2009)

Measuring the similarity between two texts is a fundamental problem in many NLP and IR applications. Among the existing approaches, the cosine measure of the term vectors representing the original texts has been widely used, where the score of each term is often determined by a TFIDF formula. Despite its simplicity, the quality of such cosine similarity measure is usually domain dependent and decided by the choice of the term-weighting function. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that learns the term-weighting function. Given the labeled pairs of texts as training data, the learning procedure tunes the model parameters by minimizing the specified loss function of the similarity score. Compared to traditional TFIDF term-weighting schemes, our approach shows a significant improvement on tasks such as judging the quality of query suggestions and filtering irrelevant ads for online advertising.
The University of Texas faces the 21<sup>st</sup>Century Engineering Grand Challenges: Driving local and global economies with innovation and entrepreneurship (2015)

QScience.com is the innovative and collaborative, peer-reviewed, online publishing platform from Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press). It offers a fast and transparent Open Access scholarly publishing process, which is centered on the author, bringing their research to a global audience.
Subwavelength lithography (PSM, OPC) (2002)

Fabrication of fine features of smaller than 0.15 /spl mu/m is vital for future ultra-large scale integrated (ULSI) devices. An area of particular concern is whether and how optical lithography can delineate such feature sizes, i.e., smaller than the exposure wavelength. Resolution enhancement techniques for achieving subwavelength optical lithography are presented. Various types of phase shift mask (PSM) techniques and their imaging characteristics are discussed and compared to conventional binary mask technique. To apply these masks effectively to practical patterns, optical proximity effect correction (OPC) technique and a phase shifter pattern design tool must be established. These techniques offer the capability to improve resolution to exceed the wavelength limitation and to increase depth of focus.
Pushing the limits: an instrument for hard X-ray imaging below 20 nm (2015)

Hard X-ray microscopy is a prominent tool suitable for nanoscale-resolution non-destructive imaging of various materials used in different areas of science and technology. With an ongoing effort to push the 2D/3D imaging resolution down to 10 nm in the hard X-ray regime, both the fabrication of nano-focusing optics and the stability of the microscope using those optics become extremely challenging. In this work a microscopy system designed and constructed to accommodate multilayer Laue lenses as nanofocusing optics is presented. The developed apparatus has been thoroughly characterized in terms of resolution and stability followed by imaging experiments at a synchrotron facility. Drift rates of ∼2 nm h(-1) accompanied by 13 nm × 33 nm imaging resolution at 11.8 keV are reported.
A first-order current-steering sigma-delta modulator (1991)

A new architecture is presented for a first-order sigma-delta ( Sigma Delta ) modulator. The system achieves a high sampling frequency, can be used as a building block for higher-order modulators, and uses circuit techniques that are largely independent of a specific technology. The key features of this implementation are that it operates in a continuous-time (as opposed to switched) mode and does not need feedback amplifiers. To test the validity of the concept, the system was realized in 2- mu m, n-well, double-metal, single-poly technology. It has a measured resolution of 9 b and a linearity of 13 b at a clock frequency of 20 MHz with an oversampling ratio of 128. It operates from a power supply of +or-2.5 V with a power consumption of 3 mW. The circuit occupies an area of 0.92 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accurate Object Localization with Shape Masks (2007)

This paper proposes an approach for object class localization which goes beyond bounding boxes, as it also determines the outline of the object. Unlike most current localization methods, our approach does not require any hypothesis parameter space to be defined. Instead, it directly generates, evaluates and clusters shape masks. Thus, the presented framework produces more informative results for object class localization. For example, it easily learns and detects possible object viewpoints and articulations, which are often well characterized by the object outline. We evaluate the proposed approach on the challenging natural-scene Graz-02 object classes dataset. The results demonstrate the extended localization capabilities of our method.
Deepening of Incisions After Radial Keratotomy Using the "Tickle" Technique (1991)

Since the introduction of radial keratotomy, accurate incision depth has been difficult to achieve with any corneal knife. To assure repeatable depth of incisions and to adjust the refractive effect of these incisions after the surgery, I have developed a series of techniques that are described in this article and that I refer to as "tickles" in discussion with the patients. Seventeen eyes, from a consecutive series of 102 operations (reoperation rate of 17%), underwent complete opening and/or deepening of undercorrected eight-incision radial keratotomy. This was performed in the immediate postoperative period (3.0 +/- 4.2 months), at the slit-lamp microscope, without peripheral deepening or extension of the optical zone. After the initial radial keratotomy, the average spherical equivalent refraction was -2.04 +/- 0.68 D; after opening and/or deepening the incisions, the average spherical equivalent refraction was -0.53 +/- 0.24 D. The average effect of this procedure was a reduction in myopia of 1.51 D. All 17 eyes had a final refraction between -0.25 and -1.00.
Study of Schottky barrier of Ni on <i>p</i>-GaN (2001)

The Schottky barrier characteristics of Ni on p-GaN have been investigated using current–voltage–temperature (I–V–T) and capacitance–voltage characteristics (C–V) measurements. Barrier height values ranging from 2.68 to 2.87 eV were obtained from C–V measurements. The temperature dependence of I–V characteristics clearly indicated the dominance of tunneling current in the transport mechanism of the diodes, therefore, barrier height determination using I–V measurements can lead to erroneous results, as indicated by the wide range of barrier heights reported in the literature. Acceptor concentration, deduced from C–V measurements, was found to be of 1019/cm3 within 200 Å of the sample surface, and tapered off to be ∼1018/cm3. These values are 10–100 times higher than the hole concentration of ∼1017/cm3 obtained from Hall measurements.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Frameworks: Routes for Computational Design and Structure Prediction (2004)

Structure prediction of hybrid organic–inorganic frameworks is now computationally possible. The employed method embraces the concept of hybrid framework through the automated assembly of predefined organic and inorganic building units in 3D space. Crystal structures of hybrid candidates are predicted (space group, cell parameters, atomic positions; see picture), together with an estimate of their lattice energies. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.org or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Bone mineral density and bone structure in primary hypoparathyroidism (2004)

Since parathyroid hormone has dual properties on bone, both
catabolic and anabolic, it is interesting to review how the bone
mineral density and structure change in patients with chronic
hypoparathyroidism. Others and we have demonstrated consistently
that the state of chronic hypoparathyroidism is associated
with increased BMD, most notably at the spine. Those with idiopathic
hypoparathyroidism have a similar degree of increase in
BMD as those with postthyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism.
Both groups also have significantly lower level of biochemical
markers such as osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
activity and urinary resorption markers as compared
with controls. This reflects the low rate of bone remodeling and
implies a significant reduction in “birth rate” of bone modeling
units and prolongs the “life span” of the basic structural unit. It
therefore allows for more complete secondary mineralization.
The reduction in bone remodeling is further confirmed by bone
histomorphometry. The observed effect on BMD is likely a result
of the combined effects of decreased bone resorption due to hypoparathyroidism
and the improvement in bone mineralization
as a result of continuous treatment with calcitriol and calcium
Bayes risk weighted vector quantization with posterior estimation for image compression and classification (1996)

Classification and compression play important roles in communicating digital information. Their combination is useful in many applications, including the detection of abnormalities in compressed medical images. In view of the similarities of compression and low-level classification, it is not surprising that there are many similar methods for their design. Because some of these methods are useful for designing vector quantizers, it seems natural that vector quantization (VQ) is explored for the combined goal. We investigate several VQ-based algorithms that seek to minimize both the distortion of compressed images and errors in classifying their pixel blocks. These algorithms are investigated with both full search and tree-structured codes. We emphasize a nonparametric technique that minimizes both error measures simultaneously by incorporating a Bayes risk component into the distortion measure used for the design and encoding. We introduce a tree-structured posterior estimator to produce the class posterior probabilities required for the Bayes risk computation in this design. For two different image sources, we demonstrate that this system provides superior classification while maintaining compression close or superior to that of several other VQ-based designs, including Kohonen's (1992) "learning vector quantizer" and a sequential quantizer/classifier design.
In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of Sulfur Speciation in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2014)

In situ Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to investigate the mechanism of sulfur reduction in lithium-sulfur battery slurry cathodes with 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME)/1,3-dioxolane (DIOX) (1/1, v/v). Raman spectroscopy shows that long-chain polysulfides (S8(2-)) were formed via S8 ring opening in the first reduction process at ∼2.4 V vs Li/Li(+) and short-chain polysulfides such as S4(2-), S4(-), S3(•-), and S2O4(2-) were observed with continued discharge at ∼2.3 V vs Li/Li(+) in the second reduction process. Elemental sulfur can be reformed in the end of the charge process. Rate constants obtained for the appearance and disappearance polysulfide species shows that short-chain polysulfides are directly formed from S8 decomposition. The rate constants for S8 reappearance and polysulfide disappearance on charge were likewise similar. The formation of polysulfide mixtures at partial discharge was found to be quite stable. The CS2 additive was found to inhibit the sulfur reduction mechanism allowing the formation of long-chain polysulfides during discharge only and stabilizing the S8(2-) product.
Fiber in the loop cable TV system for standard TV signals and DCV signals using analog optical transmission with optical amplifiers (1993)

The Alcatel 1570 BB system for TV distribution in the 47 to 862 MHz frequency band is described. It includes signal transport capabilities in addition to the distribution ones. The author provides a system overview, describes the major system elements, and discusses system upgrade possibilities.
In situ hybridization to localize mRNA encoding the neurotransmitter synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase in mouse cerebellum. (1986)

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We have used a cDNA sequence encoding GAD to produce a single-stranded RNA hybridization probe for GAD mRNA. This probe detects GAD mRNA in individual cells in sections of mouse cerebellum. The specificity of in situ hybridization with this probe rests on four criteria: the distribution of labeled cells matched the results we and others obtain with GAD immunohistochemistry (Purkinje, Golgi II, stellate, and basket neurons were labeled, whereas granule cells and glia were not); a negative control probe having a sequence identical to GAD mRNA did not specifically label any cerebellar cells; prior treatment of the sections with RNase abolished specific labeling; the labeling showed the melting behavior typical of nucleic acid hybrids. Translation of GAD mRNA is apparently restricted to neuronal cell bodies since GAD mRNA was detectable in neuronal perikarya but not in terminals. Also, the choice of GABA as a neurotransmitter appears to be made at the level of transcription since granule neurons did not contain detectable GAD mRNA. The level of GAD mRNA varied among the classes of neurons as well as from cell to cell within each neuron type.