gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Based Development of an Integrated Sensor-Actuator System for Online Quality Monitoring in Ultrasonic Wire Bonding (2005)

Quality monitoring in microelectronics becomes more and more important because of the constantly rising complexity and miniaturization of modern microelectronic devices. This paper describes a model based method for online quality monitoring in ultrasonic wire bonding. This new approach aims to reconstruct the metallophysical processes within the bonding zone by the aid of a validated analytical model of the bonding system. The model comprises a 2-DOF electromechanical analogous circuit representing the ultrasonic transducer, a phase-locked-loop controller for frequency control and time varying spring-damper elements representing the bond process. It will be shown how faulty bonds can clearly be identified by this method.
Metallurgical Considerations for Machining Magnesium Alloys (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Dry machining of five commercial magnesium alloys with aluminium content in the range 2-9 % has been investigated by turning tests. At high cutting speeds, workpiece material may build up on the flank sides of carbide tools (FBU). The critical speed for FBU formation is dependent on the presence of β-phase (Mg<sub>17</sub>Al<sub>12</sub>). The amount of β-phase increases with increasing aluminium content, and depends on the temper condition of the alloy. The formation of FBU can be eliminated by the use of a suitable cutting fluid or a PCD tool.</div>
The Research and Realization of a New Workflow Model with Step-Task Two Layers Based on Document (2006)

With the increasing in complexion of large-scale activities in business process, workflow model has been focused on highly than before. In this research, a new workflow model (WfM) with two layers (step and task layers) was proposed, which leads to process logic and concrete affairs couple loose, and deals with problems of simple logic of directed graph WfM and complex realization of net structure WfM. With the half structure model, process logic is defined during design, and real tasks route is chosen in practice, which enhances the flexibility of WfM. Besides, the notion, document-driven workflow, was introduced in that WfM. The parsing process of documents, the design format of documents and the delivery technology were also given. In order to accomplish a complete WfM, we integrated WfM and organization model in both static and dynamic ways. Finally we delineate the realization of S-T platform based on that WfM in this paper
<title>Microlens array processor with programmable weight mask and direct optical input</title> (1999)

We present an optical feature extraction system with a microlens array processor. The system is suitable for online implementation of a variety of transforms such as the Walsh transform and DCT. Operating with incoherent light, our processor accepts direct optical input. Employing a sandwich- like architecture, we obtain a very compact design of the optical system. The key elements of the microlens array processor are a square array of 15 X 15 spherical microlenses on acrylic substrate and a spatial light modulator as transmissive mask. The light distribution behind the mask is imaged onto the pixels of a customized a-Si image sensor with adjustable gain. We obtain one output sample for each microlens image and its corresponding weight mask area as summation of the transmitted intensity within one sensor pixel. The resulting architecture is very compact and robust like a conventional camera lens while incorporating a high degree of parallelism. We successfully demonstrate a Walsh transform into the spatial frequency domain as well as the implementation of a discrete cosine transform with digitized gray values. We provide results showing the transformation performance for both synthetic image patterns and images of natural texture samples. The extracted frequency features are suitable for neural classification of the input image. Other transforms and correlations can be implemented in real-time allowing adaptive optical signal processing.
Melilite-Type Borates Bi<sub>2</sub>ZnB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> and CaBiGaB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (2005)

The bismuth borates Bi2ZnB2O7 and CaBiGaB2O7 have been synthesized by solid-state reactions at temperatures in the 650−825 °C range at 1 atm pressure. These compounds are the only synthetic diborate members of the melilite family, A2XZ2O7, in which layers of A cations alternate with XZ2O7 tetrahedral layers. Except for CdBiGaB2O7, the synthesis of other substituted bismuth borate melilites has been unsuccessful. The crystal structures of Bi2ZnB2O7 and CaBiGaB2O7 have been determined by powder X-ray diffraction and refined by the Rietveld method using powder neutron diffraction data. CaBiGaB2O7 adopts the regular tetragonal melilite structure (P4̄21m space group, Z = 2) containing B2O7 tetrahedral dimers. The refinement of split eight-coordinated sites for the Ca2+ and Bi3+ interlayer cations suggests the presence of additional disorder. Bi2ZnB2O7 adopts a unique orthorhombic melilite superstructure (Pba2 space group, Z = 4) containing both tetrahedral B2O7 and triangular B2O5 dimers. The Bi3+ cations occupy two distinct interlayer sites with strongly asymmetric 6-fold coordination environments. The preliminary measurement of second harmonic generation efficiencies (deff) of powder samples has yielded values of 4.0 (Bi2ZnB2O7) and 1.6 (CaBiGaB2O7) relative to a KH2PO4 standard.
Column absorption for reproducible cyclic separation in small scale ammonia synthesis (2017)

Ammonia is rapidly and reversibly absorbed on magnesium chloride supported on alumina. The absorption at ambient temperature is twice that on alumina alone, but much of the ammonia is still captured at 400°C, closer to the temperature of ammonia synthesis. Regeneration at 450°C is complete in 30 min; partial regeneration is faster, and is correlated with the temperature and the regeneration time. The supported absorbent column works for many cycles, reproducibly, because submicron‐sized MgCl 2 crystals are trapped in similarly sized pores in the alumina itself, and the confinement prevents deterioration of the microstructure during absorption or regeneration. In contrast, while ammonia absorption into pure magnesium chloride is potentially much larger at equilibrium, the ammonia absorbs very slowly, and the chloride loses available capacity with use, probably because of fusing and deterioration of microstructure. A simplified model was constructed to simulate ammonia absorption into pure magnesium chloride and alumina‐supported magnesium chloride. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 63: 3058–3068, 2017
Context by region ancestry (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a new approach for modeling visual context. For this purpose, we consider the leaves of a hierarchical segmentation tree as elementary units. Each leaf is described by features of its ancestral set, the regions on the path linking the leaf to the root. We construct region trees by using a high-performance segmentation method. We then learn the importance of different descriptors (e.g. color, texture, shape) of the ancestors for classification. We report competitive results on the MSRC segmentation dataset and the MIT scene dataset, showing that region ancestry efficiently encodes information about discriminative parts, objects and scenes.
India'S Exports to Japan: Problems and Issues (1991)

The emergence of Japan as one of the leading economic super powers as well as one of the trading surplus nations in the world has been possible due to an interaction between economic, social and political factors in the decade of the 1980's. There are certain vital factors namely inductive planning for the economy, restrictions on possible competition between two most important facets [firms and imports]. low interest rates and minimum controls on the firms and industry which have made Japan as a global force. In recent years, Japanese Planners have initiated a market oriented policy to deal with economic issues based upon trade liberalisation, increasing privatization and reducing fiscal deficits. As a result, Japanese manufacturers constitute one-third of the Japanese total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This has been possible because of the ability of Japanese to adapt quickly to the fast changing business environment all over the World. In recent times it has been noticed that Japan's imports are dominated by food and raw materials [particularly minerals and fuels]. This situation is of great advantage to major producing nations of food and minerals. Added to this, Japan has also reduced some tariffs and non-tariff barriers. Hence developing economies should capitalise the existing trends and situation for enhancing their exports to Japan in a big way. India should also come forward with action oriented policy for increasing exports to Japan especially traditional items or farm exports for earning substantial amount of foreign exchange which is badly needed by India to overcome its BOP problem. With this background, the present paper reviews critically trends in Indo-Japanese Trade in the decade of the 1980's and will also suggest a strategy for increasing exports to Japanese market which has great potentials to absorb India's goods. This paper has three section. First section reviews trends in Indo-Japanese Trade in the decade of the 1980's, Second section highlights the major constraints standing in the way of increasing exports to Japan. Third section suggests an action plan or strategy for increasing exports to Japanese market.
Thermal conductivity of the “light” heavy-fermion compound YbIn0.7Ag0.3Cu4 (2001)

This paper reports on the electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of polycrystalline YbIn0.7Ag0.3Cu4 at temperatures from 4.2 to 300 K, which exhibits, at T v , a continuous isostructural first-order phase transition from a Curie-Weiss paramagnet with localized magnetic moments (for T>T v ) to a Pauli paramagnet in a nonmagnetic Fermi liquid state with the Yb ion in a mixed valence state (for T<T v ). It is shown that for T<T v , the Lorenz number behaves in accordance with the theoretical model developed for heavy-fermion materials, while for T>T v , it acquires the value typical of standard metals.
Successful Coronary Stenting of the Left Anterior Descending Artery at the Branching Site of the Targeted Septal Perforator Immediately after Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (2005)

We report a case of simultaneous percutaneous treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and coronary artery disease. Cardiac catheterization revealed a left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOTPG) of 130 mmHg and a significant left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis at the site of the 1st major septal branch. The LVOTPG was eliminated by injection of ethanol into the branch. Subsequently, a coronary stent was implanted in the LAD. A coil stent was selected due to possibility of repeat septal ablation in the future. Simultaneous treatment of HOCM and LAD stenosis is considered safe and effective using a coil stent.
21 Years Old and Still Growing: A Coming-of-age for Steve Parish Publishing (2005)

Steve Parish Publishing (SPP) celebrates its 21st anniversary in 2006. For their 21st year they are publishing over 100 new titles along with what they think is their best ever range of calendars and diaries and are also launching a new touring exhibition of Steve's work simultaneously with a retrospective pictorial book of images, each of which will be accompanied by the story behind the picture.
Ruthenium catalysed oxidation of alkanes with alkylhydroperoxides (1988)

The cis-[RuII(L)2(OH2)2]2+ complexes (L = substituted 2,2′-bipyridines or 1,10-phenanthrolines) catalyse oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons to alcohols and ketones by t-butylhydroperoxide; the low values of kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD= 3.5 for cyclohexane) and tertiary of secondary C–H bond relative reactivities (ktert/ksecca. 6.5 for adamantane) are in a range expected for hydrogen atom abstraction by radical species.
Role of Interleukin-6 in Lung Complications in Patients With COVID-19: Therapeutic Implications (2020)

COVID-19 is viral respiratory infection with frequently fatal lung complications in the elderly or in people with serious comorbidities. Lung destruction appears to be associated with a cytokine storm related to an increased level of interleukin-6 (IL6). Therapeutic targeting of the interleukin-6 signaling pathway can attenuate such a cytokine storm and can be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 in danger of pulmonary failure. This article demonstrates the importance of IL6 in progression of disease and the possibility of inhibition of IL6 signaling in COVID-19 therapy.
Visibility Enhancement of Scene Images Degraded by Foggy Weather Conditions with Deep Neural Networks (2015)

Nowadays many camera-based advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have been introduced to assist the drivers and ensure their safety under various driving conditions. One of the problems faced by drivers is the faded scene visibility and lower contrast while driving in foggy conditions. In this paper, we present a novel approach to provide a solution to this problem by employing deep neural networks. We assume that the fog in an image can be mathematically modeled by an unknown complex function and we utilize the deep neural network to approximate the corresponding mathematical model for the fog. The advantages of our technique are as follows: (i) its real-time operation and (ii) being based on minimal input, that is, a single image, and exhibiting robustness/generalization for various unseen image data. Experiments carried out on various synthetic images indicate that our proposed technique has the abilities to approximate the corresponding fog function reasonably and remove it for better visibility and safety.
Effect of the electrode structure on the electrocatalytic oxidation of low-weight alcohols. Applications to the direct alcohol fuel cell (1994)

The use of an electron conducting polymer, such as polyaniline (PAni), as a catalyst support, is a very convenient way to obtain highly dispersed electrodes for the electrooxidation of low-weight alcohols (methanol and ethanol). Such electrodes, containing very low amounts of platinum, can be modified by adding a second metal in order to promote the electrocatalytic activity of pure platinum. With Pt-Ru or Pt-Sn/PAni modified electrodes, a relative large negative shift of the oxidation potential was observed, particularly with ethanol, for which the electrooxidation starts at potentials as low as 0.2 V/RHE. Moreover a significant decrease of the poisoning phenomena was also observed. The nature of the adsorbed species and reaction products was also investigated by on-line liquid chromatography and in situ IR Reflectance Spectroscopy.
Hydrogen Photoproduction Is Attenuated by Disruption of an Isoamylase Gene in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2004)

DNA insertional transformants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were screened chemochromically for attenuated H(2) production. One mutant, displaying low H(2) gas photoproduction, has a nonfunctional copy of a gene that shows high homology to the family of isoamylase genes found in several photosynthetic organisms. DNA gel blotting and gene complementation were used to link this isoamylase gene to previously characterized nontagged sta7 mutants. This mutant is therefore denoted sta7-10. In C. reinhardtii, the STA7 isoamylase gene is important for the accumulation of crystalline starch, and the sta7-10 mutant reported here contains <3% of the glucose found in insoluble starch when compared with wild-type control cells. Hydrogen photoproduction rates, induced after several hours of dark, anaerobic treatment, are attenuated in sta7 mutants. RNA gel blot analysis indicates that the mRNA transcripts for both the HydA1 and HydA2 [Fe]-hydrogenase genes are expressed in the sta7-10 mutant at greater than wild-type levels 0.5 h after anaerobic induction. However, after 1.5 h, transcript levels of both HydA1 and HydA2 begin to decline rapidly and reach nearly undetectable levels after 7 h. In wild-type cells, the hydrogenase transcripts accumulate more slowly, reach a plateau after 4 h of anaerobic treatment, and maintain the same level of expression for >7 h under anaerobic incubation. Complementation of mutant cells with genomic DNA corresponding to the STA7 gene restores both the starch accumulation and H(2) production phenotypes. The results indicate that STA7 and starch metabolism play an important role in C. reinhardtii H(2) photoproduction. Moreover, the results indicate that mere anaerobiosis is not sufficient to maintain hydrogenase gene expression without the underlying physiology, an important aspect of which is starch metabolism.
Quorum-Sensing Regulation of the Biofilm Matrix Genes (<i>pel</i>) of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2007)

Quorum sensing (QS) has been previously shown to play an important role in the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (D. G. Davies et al., Science 280:295-298, 1998). Although QS regulation of swarming and DNA release has been shown to play important roles in biofilm development, regulation of genes directly involved in biosynthesis of biofilm matrix has not been described. Here, transcription of the pel operon, essential for the production of a glucose-rich matrix exopolysaccharide, is shown to be greatly reduced in lasI and rhlI mutants. Chemical complementation of the lasI mutant with 3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone restores pel transcription to the wild-type level and biofilm formation ability. These findings thus connect QS signaling and transcription of genes responsible for biofilm matrix biosynthesis.
Modulation of Multidrug Resistance Gene (<i>mdr-1</i>) with Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides (1996)

1. Multidrug resistance is the major obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy. Circumventing multidrug resistance therefore represents a high priority for clinical anti-cancer treatment. Among many reversal strategies, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides may offer a molecular targeting tool for overcoming cellular multidrug resistance. 2. Two 17-mer phosphorothioate antisense oligomers, complementary to the 5' end of the ATG initiator codon-containing region and loop-forming site (located at nucleotides 991-1007 from the first ATG codon) in mdr-1 cDNA sequence, were synthesized. The purpose was to study their effects on the function and expression of P-glycoprotein and mdr-1 gene. 3. The results showed that 10 mumol/l antisense oligomers could significantly inhibit the growth of multidrug resistant K562/Adm cells cultured in adriamycin-containing medium. No such effect was observed for parental (sensitive) K562/S cells. Intracellular daunorubicin accumulation increased greatly in the K562/Adm cells after they were treated with oligomers for 48 h and P-glycoprotein synthesis was strikingly reduced. 4. Further investigation with [alpha-32P]dCTP incorporation by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method revealed that antisense oligomers could result in a reduction in the level of mdr-1 mRNA, probably through hindering mdr-1 gene transcription. 5. The high reversal efficiency and specificity of antisense oligomers in regulating mdr-1 gene expression suggest a potential clinical application in gene therapy for drug resistant malignancies.
Pest Management Science (2006)

Graphical Abstract Glyphosate is the most successful herbicide discovered, but its utility is threatened by the appearance of glyphosate-resistant weed species. This article presents the current state of glyphosate-resistant weeds globally.
ULTRAVIOLET-INDUCED GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN A PARTIALLY DIPLOID STRAIN OF <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> (1968)

UNDERSTANDING the mechanism of genetic recombination is of prime concern to biologists. Breakage-reunion-type recombination events account for most, if not all, recombinant structures in bacteriophages h (MESELSON and WEIGLE 1961 ; KELLENBERGER, ZICHICHI and WEIGLE 1961; MESELSON 1964) and T4 (TOMIZAWA and ANRAKU 1964,1965; ANRAKU and TOMIZAWA 1965a, b; TOMIZAWA, ANRAKU and IWAMA 1966). These studies have also revealed the nature of some of the steps intermediate to recombinant formation. The genetic systems available in Escherichia coli K-12 are unusual in that they off er opportunities to study both reciprocal and nonreciprocal recombination events. Genetic ( TOMIZAWA 1960) and isotopic labeling ( OPPENHEIM and RILEY 1966) experiments have revealed some aspects of the recombination process following conjugal transfer of donor genetic material to recipient strains. However, problems concerned with replication of the donor chromosome during conjugation and vegetative chromosome replication in the recipient (CURTIS 1966) make complete analysis of recombination events following conjugation difficult. Therefore, it was decided to investigate recombination events in a partially diploid strain of E. coli K-12 (CURTISS 1962, 1964) in order to eliminate problems concerned with gene transfer. LEDERBERG, LEDERBERG, ZINDER and LIVELY (1951) and BECKHORN (see DEMEREC, WITKIN, BECKHORN, VISCONTI, FLINT, CAHN, COON, DOLLINGER, POWELL and SCHWARTZ 1951) showed that small doses of UV (ultraviolet light, 2537 A) would induce haploidization in partially diploid strains of E. coli K-12, but they did not study the kinetics of the process, since all surviving colonies still contained partially diploid cells. UV is known to stimulate genetic recombination in phage (JACOB and WOLLMAN 1955; HERSHEY 1958; LEVINE and CURTIS 196l), in E. coliK-12 (JACOB and WOLLMAN 1961), in yeast (ROMAN and JACOB 1958), and in the phage P22-Salmonella typhimurium transduction system (GAREN and ZINDER 1955). Thus, it was felt that the use of UV to stimulate genetic recombination in a partially diploid strain of E. coli K-12 ( CURTISS 1964) would provide a closed system, not involving gene transfer, with which meaningful results could be obtained. This communication reports findings on UV-induced haploidization, on recombination leading to homozygosity
Nicotine Increases Size and Severity of Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization (2003)

Nicotine increases size and severity of experimental CNV in the present mouse model, possibly by potentiating PDGF-mediated upregulation of proliferation of choroidal smooth muscle cells or by other mechanisms. These results suggest that non-neuronal nicotinic receptor activation probably mediates some of the harmful effects of cigarette smoking in wet AMD.
REVIEW ■ : Prospects for a Visual Prosthesis (1997)

Diseases of the retina and optic nerve are common causes of irreversible blindness. Given the lack of effective treatments, several laboratories are utilizing microelectronic technology to develop either a cortical or retinal prosthesis. Each strategy offers certain advantages, but both face numerous and formidable chal lenges. Consequently, a clinically useful device of either type is still conceptual. The technological means to build prostheses are available, but the ultimate obstacle is the integration of the technology with the brain. This article reviews achievements of the ongoing efforts and focuses on our project to develop a retinal prosthesis. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:251-262, 1997
[A preliminary study of the modulation of Actinomyces naeslundii urease to the pH balance of dental biofilm]. (2005)

In the dental plaque biofilm, A. naeslundii could ureolyze highly actively; ureolysis could moderate the pH balance of plaque significantly.