gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Stoichiometry of Solutes in Molten Salt Solvents by Correlations of Relative Raman Band Intensities (1999)

Raman spectroscopy has been used to determine the stoichiometry of solute complexes in molten salts at high temperatures under static equilibrium conditions. A simple formalism is derived for correlating relative Raman band intensities with stoichiometric coefficients. The experimental procedures and sets of experiments required for establishing the stoichiometry are described. The proposed method was applied for studying the dissolution reactions of V 2 O 5 in molten Cs 2 S 2 O 7 and of Nb 2 O 5 or MoO 3 in molten K 2 S 2 O 7 at temperatures in the range 430–700 °C: (1) V 2 O 5 + nS 2 O 7 2- (l) → X 2 n- (l); (2) Nb 2 O 5 + nS 2 O 7 2- (l) → Y 2 n- (l); (3) MoO 3 + nS 2 O 7 2- (l) → Z 2 n- (l). It is shown that the solute complex species formed in the studied reactions have, respectively, the following stoichiometries: (1) n = 2, (VO) 2 O(SO 4 ) 4 4- ; (2) n = 3, NbO(SO 4 ) 3 3- ; (3) n = 1, MoO(SO 4 ) 2 2- .
Descriptive And Predictive Analysis Of Mail Order Pharmacy (2018)

Mail Order Pharmacy is an online pharmacy service which has been widely applied in developed countries. Mail Order Pharmacy has many advantages, especially in long-term treatment patients. In this experiment, Mail Order Pharmacy data of one country in Europe will be used to descriptive and predictive analysis. Descriptive analysis by building data mart basedt on the list of available decisions. Then built data visualization. Prediction using data mining consists of classification and regression. The feature set used consists of feature selection using pearson correlation and feature deletion. Experiments were performed to get the best performance using Naive Bayes, Multi Layer Perceptron and Support Vector Machine. Classification to predict order status yes or no. The best classification F-Measure using Multi Layer Perceptron is 0.577 with 10 fold cross-validation and 0.463 using data testing. Regression to predict sale_quantity. The best regression Root Mean Square Error using Multi Layer Perceptron is 1.4736 with 10 fold cross-validation and 1.6654 using data testing. Both classification and regression used to predict revenue in the next month.
A 256 Mb multilevel flash memory with 2 MB/s program rate for mass storage applications (2003)

A 256 Mb flash memory in 0.26 /spl mu/m CMOS on a 138.6 mm/sup 2/ die uses a multilevel technique. The AND-type memory cell suitable for multilevel operation is used. One sector consists of(8192+256) memory cells. As two bits of data are stored in one physical cell, logical sector size is (16384+512)b. Sector erase and program times are both 1 ms/sector (2048+64B), so typical programming rate is 2 MB/s. By increasing sector size to four times that in conventional two-level flash memories, program throughput is kept acceptable for mass-storage applications, even with multi-level operation.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of New NIR Absorbing (2‐Thienyl)‐ and (4‐Dialkylaminoaryl)‐substituted Croconic Acid Dyes (1993)

Abstract By condensation of croconic acid ( 7 ) with 2‐(dialkylamino)‐thiophenes 6a – d and with 3‐(dialkylamino)phenols 9a – c the deeply colored, sparingly soluble croconic acid dyes (“croconines”) 8a – d and 10a – c , respectively, have been prepared. These croconines have been characterized by UV/Vis, IR, and 1 H‐NMR spectrometry. They exhibit strong electronic absorption bands in the near infrared (NIR) region (λ max ≈ 750–850 nm; cf. Table 1).
Dual‐energy X‐ray Absorptiometry and Anthropometric Estimates of Visceral Fat in Black and White South African Women (2009)

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and therefore, accurate methods to estimate VAT have been investigated. Computerized tomography (CT) is the gold standard measure of VAT, but its use is limited. We therefore compared waist measures and two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) methods (Ley and Lunar) that quantify abdominal regions of interest (ROIs) to CT-derived VAT in 166 black and 143 white South African women. Anthropometry, DXA ROI, and VAT (CT at L4-L5) were measured. Black women were younger (P < 0.001), shorter (P < 0.001), and had higher body fat (P < 0.05) than white women. There were no ethnic differences in waist (89.7 +/- 18.2 cm vs. 90.1 +/- 15.6 cm), waist:height ratio (WHtR, 0.56 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.09), or DXA ROI (Ley: 2.2 +/- 1.5 vs. 2.1 +/- 1.4; Lunar: 2.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 2.3 +/- 1.5), but black women had less VAT, after adjusting for age, height, weight, and fat mass (76 +/- 34 cm(2) vs. 98 +/- 35 cm(2); P < 0.001). Ley ROI and Lunar ROI were correlated in black (r = 0.983) and white (r = 0.988) women. VAT correlated with DXA ROI (Ley: r = 0.729 and r = 0.838, P < 0.01; Lunar: r = 0.739 and r = 0.847, P < 0.01) in black and white women, but with increasing ROI android fatness, black women had less VAT. Similarly, VAT was associated with waist (r = 0.732 and r = 0.836, P < 0.01) and WHtR (r = 0.721 and r = 0.824, P < 0.01) in black and white women. In conclusion, although DXA-derived ROIs correlate well with VAT as measured by CT, they are no better than waist or WHtR. Neither DXA nor anthropometric measures are able to accurately distinguish between high and low levels of VAT between population groups.
Keratin Expression Profiling of Transitional Epithelium in the Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (2006)

Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a severely debilitating condition. Its cause is poorly understood; therapy is symptomatic and often unsuccessful. To study urothelial involvement, we characterized the keratin phenotype of bladder urothelium in 18 patients with PBS/IC using a panel of 11 keratin antibodies recognizing simple keratins found in columnar epithelia (keratins 7, 8, 18, and 20) and keratins associated with basal cell compartments of squamous epithelia (keratins 5, 13, 14, and 17). We also tested 2 antibodies recognizing more than 1 keratin also directed against basal cell compartments of squamous epithelia (D5/16 B4 and 34betaE12). Bladder urothelium in PBS/IC showed distinct differences in the profiles of keratins 7, 8, 14, 17, 18, and 20 compared with literature reports for normal bladder urothelium. These were characterized by a shift from the normal bladder urothelial keratin phenotype to a more squamous keratin profile, despite the lack of morphologic evidence of squamous epithelial differentiation and a loss of compartmentalization of keratin expression. The severity of these changes varied between biopsy specimens. Whether these changes are primary or secondary to another underlying condition remains to be determined.
The human basic fibroblast growth factor gene (FGFB) is assigned to chromosome 4q25 (1990)

In situ hybridization was used to localize a cDNA probe for the basic fibroblast growth factor gene (FGFB) to human metaphase and prometaphase chromosomes. In this communication we report the localization of this gene to 4q25.
Plasma amino acid uptake by the mammary gland of the lactating sow. (1997)

The objectives of this study were to measure arteriovenous concentration (A-V) differences and estimate uptake of amino acids across the mammary gland in lactating sows. Four sows were used in Trial 1 and nine sows in Trial 2. Cannulas were fitted in the right anterior mammary vein and the carotid artery around d 7 of lactation. Arteriovenous samples were obtained on d 11, 14, 17, and 20. Litters were separated from the sows for 90 min, after which the first blood samples were drawn. Samples were taken at 20-min intervals for the next two consecutive hours. Milk production measurements and milk samples were obtained between d 11 and 19. Liters of plasma to liters of milk ratio (conversion coefficient) was estimated with the Fick method using A-V difference for lysine and milk lysine concentration. The conversion coefficient and the daily plasma flow were 541.41 +/- 35.72 L of plasma per liter of milk and 4,275 +/- 386 L of plasma, respectively. The A-V differences and the plasma flow were used to quantify daily amino acid uptake by the mammary gland. Uptake estimates (grams/day) were 36.51 +/- 4.05 (leucine), 31.24 +/- 3.64 (arginine), 23.39 +/- 2.97 (lysine), 21.22 +/- 1.96 (valine), 18.36 +/- 1.92 (isoleucine), 15.9 +/- 1.9 (threonine), 15.46 +/- 1.58 (phenylalanine), 7.61 +/- 1.12 (histidine), and 6.54 +/- 2.01 (methionine). The uptakes of arginine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and threonine significantly exceeded output of these amino acids in the milk. These results indicate that the sow mammary gland retains specific amino acids above requirements for milk protein synthesis.
Transfer of chirality in the [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic alcohols to .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated amides. Preparation of optically active nine- and fourteen-carbon saturated isoprenoid synthons (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransfer of chirality in the [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic alcohols to .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated amides. Preparation of optically active nine- and fourteen-carbon saturated isoprenoid synthonsKa-Kong Chan and Gabriel SaucyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 24, 3828–3832Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00444a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00444a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views398Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nmap Network Scanning: The Official Nmap Project Guide to Network Discovery and Security Scanning (2009)

Nmap Network Scanning is the official guide to the Nmap Security Scanner, a free and open source utility used by millions of people for network discovery, administration, and security auditing. From explaining port scanning basics for novices to detailing low-level packet crafting methods used by advanced hackers, this book suits all levels of security and networking professionals. A 42-page reference guide documents every Nmap feature and option, while the rest of the book demonstrates how to apply those features to quickly solve real-world tasks. Examples and diagrams show actual communication on the wire. Topics include subverting firewalls and intrusion detection systems, optimizing Nmap performance, and automating common networking tasks with the Nmap Scripting Engine. Hints and instructions are provided for common uses such as taking network inventory, penetration testing, detecting rogue wireless access points, and quashing network worm outbreaks. Nmap runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. Nmap's original author, Gordon Fyodor Lyon, wrote this book to share everything he has learned about network scanning during more than 11 years of Nmap development. Visit http://nmap.org/book for more information and sample chapters.
Crystallization of two monoclonal Fab fragments of similar amino-acid sequence bound to the same area of horse cytochrome<i>c</i>and interacting by potentially distinct mechanisms (1994)

The mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb), 2E5.G10 and 1F5.D1, are specific for horse cytochrome c and appear to bind the same epitope, since their heavy (H) and light (L) chains are functionally interchangeable. Comparison of the amino-acid sequences suggests that slightly different interactions may be involved in antigen recognition. In addition, the H chains differ at only a few amino-acid residues from the H chain of a rat cytochrome c-specific mAb suggesting that specificity for one protein over another may be determined by these amino-acid differences. To address these possibilities, the three-dimensional structures of the Fab portions of the mAb bound to cytochrome c are being determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Here we describe the preparation and crystallization of the two complexes with horse cytochrome c. The complex of the Fab fragment of 2E5.G10 with horse cytochrome c yielded crystals of X-ray diffraction quality under two sets of conditions; in both the space group was P2(1). The corresponding complex of 1F5.D1 under one of these conditions crystallized in the P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group. Three-dimensional X-ray data for these two complexes have been collected with nominal resolutions of 2.86 and 2.48 A, respectively.
A low voltage SONOS nonvolatile semiconductor memory technology (1997)

The triple-dielectric polysilicon-blocking oxide-silicon nitride-tunnel oxide-silicon (SONOS) structure is an attractive candidate for high density E/sup 2/PROMs suitable for semiconductor disks and as a replacement for high-density dynamic random access memories (DRAMs). Low programming voltages (5 V) and high endurance (greater than 10/sup 7/ cycles) are possible in this multidielectric technology as the intermediate Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ layer is scaled to thicknesses of 50 /spl Aring/. The thin gate insulator and low programming voltage enable the scaling of the basic memory cell and associated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) peripheral circuitry on the memory chip. A SONOS 1TC memory cell is proposed in a NOR architecture with a cell area of 6F/sup 2/ where F is the technology feature size. A 0.20 /spl mu/m feature size permits a 1TC area of 0.24 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ for advanced 1-Gb nonvolatile semiconductor memory chips. A physical model is presented to characterize the erase/write, retention and endurance properties of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory (NVSM) SONOS device.
Mechanisms of Idiosyncratic Hypersensitivity Reactions to Antiepileptic Drugs (1998)

Hypersensitivity reactions to the aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ) appear to have an immune etiology. Current models of drug hypersensitivity center around the concept of drug bioactivation to reactive metabolites that irreversibly modify cellular proteins. These modified proteins are believed to initiate (or serve as targets of) an autoimmune-like attack on specific drug-modified proteins in target organs (e.g., liver, skin) of susceptible individuals. Consistent with this model, antibodies to drug-modified and native proteins have been identified in the sera of patients experiencing several drug hypersensitivity reactions. New models must incorporate an understanding of the mechanisms by which drug-modified proteins are processed and presented to the immune system in the appropriate context to culminate in the clinical manifestations of "hypersensitivity." Idiosyncratic toxicities associated with new AEDs, such as lamotrigine and felbamate, appear mechanistically distinct from PHT and CBZ hypersensitivity but may involve similar processes: bioactivation, detoxification, covalent adduct formation, processing and presentation of antigen to the immune system, and consequent formation of antibody and T-cell immune effectors. The goal of research is to develop a "susceptibility profile" for identifying individuals at risk for these forms of drug toxicity.
Channel complexity analysis for reconfigurable VLSI/WSI processor arrays (2002)

The authors propose a general method to analyze channel complexity for a 2D array with a given domain constraint. A domain-based reconfiguration scheme can be divided into two phases: assignment and interconnection. In the assignment phase a logical cell is assigned to a fault-free cell under a domain constraint by assignment rules. In the interconnection phase connections between the assigned logical cells are determined. A domain may be decided considering predetermined maximum distance between two logically adjacent cells. Interconnection redundancy, is represented by channel complexity, where channel complexity is measured by the number of tracks and associated switches. The array is partitioned into as small units, called subranges, as possible while preserving the characteristics of array reconfigurability. Channel complexity is analyzed based on subranges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unexpected cross-species contamination in genome sequencing projects (2014)

The raw data from a genome sequencing project sometimes contains DNA from contaminating organisms, which may be introduced during sample collection or sequence preparation. In some instances, these contaminants remain in the sequence even after assembly and deposition of the genome into public databases. As a result, searches of these databases may yield erroneous and confusing results. We used efficient microbiome analysis software to scan the draft assembly of domestic cow, Bos taurus, and identify 173 small contigs that appeared to derive from microbial contaminants. In the course of verifying these findings, we discovered that one genome, Neisseria gonorrhoeae TCDC-NG08107, although putatively a complete genome, contained multiple sequences that actually derived from the cow and sheep genomes. Our findings illustrate the need to carefully validate findings of anomalous DNA that rely on comparisons to either draft or finished genomes.
A Comparison of Adhesive Tape-Separation Methods from Surfaces; Dipping in Liquid Nitrogen, Liquid Nitrogen Spray and an Adhesive Neutralizer Method (2016)

The separation methods of duct tape, packing tape, aluminum foil tape, clear tape, electrical tape and the
 semi-transparent tape was studied. Adhesive-side to adhesive-side adhered tapes, adhesive-side to non-adhesiveside
 adhered tapes and adhesive-side to A4 paper adhered tapes were prepared, and the performance of three
 separation methods (dipping in liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen spraying with a cryogun and application of Un-Du) were
 compared. The fingermarks on the surface of the adhesive surface were developed with Adhesive Side Developer
 (duct tape, packing tape and aluminum foil tape) and Rose Bengal dye dissolved in a phase-transfer catalyst
 (clear tape, semi-transparent tape). No differences were observed between the dipping in liquid nitrogen and liquid
 nitrogen spray methods with respect to the following features: tape fracture and brittleness; transfer of adhesive
 material to the adhesive-facing side of the tape; separation of the adhesive material from the plastic backing layer;
 and fingermark development. Un-Du method was successful in separating adhesive-side to adhesive-side adhered
 tapes, adhesive-side to non-adhesive-side adhered tapes and adhesive-side to A4 paper adhered tapes. We also
 confirmed a decrease in fingermark quality when using the Un-Du method.
Synthesis of Novel Analogs of Cabergoline: Improving Cardiovascular Safety by Removing 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> Receptor Agonism (2013)

The dopamine agonist cabergoline has been used to treat prolactinomas, Parkinson's disease, Cushing's disease and sexual dysfunction. However, its clinical use was severely curtailed when it was found that patients taking cabergoline had an increased risk of developing cardiac-valve regurgitation. This potentially life-threatening condition has been associated with drugs, such as cabergoline, that are 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor agonists. We prepared analogs of cabergoline and have identified several that have limited or no agonism at the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor.
High Cytotoxic Activity of Phosphonium Salts and Their Complementary Selectivity towards HeLa and K562 Cancer Cells: Identification of Tri‐<i>n</i>‐butyl‐<i>n</i>‐hexadecylphosphonium bromide as a Highly Potent Anti‐HeLa Phosphonium Salt (2012)

Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts have been screened for their toxic effect on HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines, as well as on normal HUVEC cells. Tri-n-butyl-n-hexadecylphosphonium bromide, the first phosphonium salt with a halogen anion tested against HeLa cells, was 12 times more potent (IC50 <5 μm after 24 and 48 h) than the clinically used reference compound cisplatin and 17 times more potent than tri-n-hexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first phosphonium salt to be evaluated in HeLa cells. However, it was inactive against K562 cells (24 and 48 h). According to a caspase-3/7 assay, its toxicity has not been connected with the induction of apoptosis. In contrast, triphenylalkylphosphonium iodides with shorter C1-5 alkyl chains were inactive against HeLa cells but very active against K562 cells (IC50=6-10 μm after 48 h). Phosphonium cations with halide counterions proved to be more potent than those with (CF3SO2)2N(-) as the anion, as in the anticancer agent NSC 747251, or other anions in molecules with similar alkyl chain lengths. On the other hand, a series of ammonium salts containing a short methylthiomethyl or methoxymethyl side chain revealed low cytotoxicity (IC50 >500 μm after 24 and 48 h) against both HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines as well as normal HUVEC cells, showing that the nontoxic N(+)CH2YMe (Y=S, O) structural motif in ammonium salts could be suitable for further optimization and development, especially in transfection experiments.
Generalized OFDM with Frequency-domain Equalization (2004)

Abstract A possible problem of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Recently, the single carrier (SC) transmission system with frequency-domain equalization is attracting much attention. In this paper, a novel approach to alleviate the PAPR problem of OFDM is proposed. A generalized OFDM (GOFDM) with frequency-domain equalization is presented and its performance in a frequency-selective fading channel is evaluated and compared with those of conventional OFDM and single carrier (SC) systems.
Genetic Evidence for Interaction between Cbp1 and Specific Nucleotides in the 5′ Untranslated Region of Mitochondrial Cytochrome <i>b</i> mRNA in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1997)

The cytochrome b (COB) gene is encoded by the mitochondrial genome; however, its expression requires the participation of several nuclearly encoded protein factors. The yeast Cbp1 protein, which is encoded by the nuclear CBP1 gene, is required for the stabilization of COB mRNA. A previous deletion analysis identified an 11-nucleotide-long sequence within the 5' untranslated region of COB mRNA that is important for Cbp1-dependent COB mRNA stability. In the present study, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were carried out to define further the features of this cis element. The CCG sequence within this region was shown to be necessary for stability. A change in residue 533 of Cbp1 from aspartate to tyrosine suppresses the effects of a single-base change in the CCG element. This is strong genetic evidence that the nuclearly encoded Cbp1 protein recognizes and binds directly to the sequence containing CCG and thus protects COB mRNA from degradation.
Radar on the railways (1964)

In order to apply electronic computers to high-speed railway traffic analysis, accurate data on positions and speeds are essential. Conventional methods of railway-traffic control and detection have limitations in these conditions. A more suitable method, described by the author, uses a form of radar in which the signals are confined to waveguides.