gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The AraC/XylS regulator TxtR modulates thaxtomin biosynthesis and virulence in <i>Streptomyces scabies</i> (2007)

Streptomyces scabies is the best studied of those streptomycetes that cause an economically important disease known as potato scab. The phytotoxin thaxtomin is made exclusively by these pathogens and is required for virulence. Here we describe regulation of thaxtomin biosynthesis by TxtR, a member of the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. The txtR gene is imbedded in the thaxtomin biosynthetic pathway and is located on a conserved pathogenicity island in S. scabies, S. turgidiscabies and S. acidiscabies. Thaxtomin biosynthesis was abolished and virulence was almost eliminated in the txtR deletion mutant of S. scabies 87.22. Accumulation of thaxtomin biosynthetic gene (txtA, txtB, txtC, nos) transcripts was reduced compared with the wild-type S. scabies 87.22. NOS-dependent nitric oxide production by S. scabies was also reduced in the mutant. The TxtR protein bound cellobiose, an inducer of thaxtomin production, and transcription of txtR and thaxtomin biosynthetic genes was upregulated in response to cellobiose. TxtR is the first example of an AraC/XylS family protein regulated by cellobiose. Together, these data suggest that cellobiose, the smallest oligomer of cellulose, may signal the availability of expanding plant tissue, which is the site of action of thaxtomin.
Association Rules and Data Mining in Hospital Infection Control and Public Health Surveillance (1998)

The new process and system are efficient and effective in identifying new, unexpected, and interesting patterns in surveillance data. The clinical relevance and utility of this process await the results of prospective studies currently in progress.
Incidence of Endometrial Cancer in Relation to the Use of Oral Contraceptives (1980)

Female residents of King and Ierce Counties in the state of Washington in whom endometrial cancer was diagnosed during 1975--77 were interviewed concerning prior use of oral contraceptives. Their responses were compared with those of a random sample of women from the same population. Women who had taken Oracon (0.1 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 25 mg of dimethisterone) were estimated to have a risk of endometrial cancer 7.3 times that of other women (P = 0.007). This elevation in risk was not seen in users of other sequential preparations. Women who had used combined oral contraceptives had only 50 per cent of the incidence of endometrial cancer of nonusers (P = 0.05), although the protective effect was not evident among those who subsequently took menopausal estrogens for more than two years. These associations suggest that development of neoplasia in the endometrium can be extremely sensitive to hormonal factors: if an oral contraceptive, like Oracon, emphasizes the estrogenic component, promotion of cancer can result; if like combined preparations, the contraceptive emphasizes the progestational component, protection against cancer can result.
<i>p53</i> Status and the Efficacy of Cancer Therapy in Vivo (1994)

The therapeutic responsiveness of genetically defined tumors expressing or devoid of the p53 tumor suppressor gene was compared in immunocompromised mice. Tumors expressing the p53 gene contained a high proportion of apoptotic cells and typically regressed after treatment with gamma radiation or adriamycin. In contrast, p53-deficient tumors treated with the same regimens continued to enlarge and contained few apoptotic cells. Acquired mutations in p53 were associated with both treatment resistance and relapse in p53-expressing tumors. These results establish that defects in apoptosis, here caused by the inactivation of p53, can produce treatment-resistant tumors and suggest that p53 status may be an important determinant of tumor response to therapy.
Cerebral Infarction in Patients Aged 15 to 40 Years (1996)

The proportions of the groups in the two age ranges were significantly different for lacunar infarctions and infarctions of other etiologies. This observation suggests that different age ranges present characteristically different distributions and therefore should be considered separately when investigated. The older age range already presents features that suggest a transition to the spectrum observed among the aged.
Vestibular stimulation reduces unrealistic optimism (2010)

Abstract Unrealistic optimism (UO) refers to the tendency of healthy people to underestimate their risk of future misfortune. Just as left-ear caloric irrigation attenuates anosognosia (denial of manifest illness) in clinical patients, we found that it also reduces UO about future health risks in healthy individuals. This finding demonstrates asymmetric hemispheric involvement in emotion regulation and self-evaluation, and suggests that a similar neuropsychological process underpins anosognosia and healthy optimism.
PNEUMATIC OTOSCOPY: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (1998)

Pneumatic otoscopy is a universally recommended method of diagnosing otitis media by detecting the presence of a middle ear effusion and hypomobility of the tympanic membrane. This review presents a synthesis of the existing research on the value of pneumatic otoscopy as a diagnostic tool. A literature search from 1987 to 1997 produced 11 applicable research articles. In five studies, which compared pneumatoscopy with myringotomy, the mean sensitivity score was 89% and the mean specificity score was 80%. In the only study of clinical use of pneumatic otoscopy, 21% of respondents always used it, while 42% never used it as part of their routine examinations. Education level of the examiner had no affect on the value of pneumatoscopic findings. Pneumatic otoscopy is an important diagnostic tool available to all health care providers, but replication of these studies is essential to support these results. Furthermore, research is needed to quantify its actual application on the clinical level.
A Combinatoric Division Algorithm for Fixed-Integer Divisors (1973)

A procedure is presented for performing a combinatoric fixed-integer division that satisfies the division algorithm in regard to both quotient and remainder. In this procedure, division is performed by multiplying the dividend by the reciprocal of the divisor. The reciprocal is, in all nontrivial cases, of necessity a repeating binary fraction, and two treatments for finding the product of an integer and repeating binary fraction are developed. Two examples of the application of the procedure are given.
Two-Phase SRM With Flux-Reversal-Free Stator: Concept, Analysis, Design, and Experimental Verification (2007)

The demand for high-efficiency electric motor drives at low cost is increasing, particularly, in high-volume applications, such as household appliances. Single- and two-phase machines are viable under such constraints. Between them, two-phase switched reluctance motor drives are preferred from the viewpoint of performance. This paper presents a novel two-phase switched reluctance machine (TPSRM) that is conceived for high-efficiency operation and full-load starting performance for any initial rotor position. The principle of operation of the proposed TPSRM and its unique features such as the flux-reversal-free stator for reducing core losses, the utilization of only two thirds of the stator core for each phase operation, and the resulting low noise are presented. The machine is analyzed with the 2-D finite-element analysis method. Self-starting in the proposed machine is developed with rotor pole shaping, and a unique technique to provide the desired torque characteristics is described. The effect of varying pole arcs, the number of turns per pole, asymmetric pole placement, and rotor pole shaping on torque and phase inductance is evaluated to find the best machine dimensions for a required performance as well as to understand qualitatively the influence of each variable on the machine performance. Experimental results from a 2.2-hp laboratory prototype correlate the performance predictions and validate the claims for this novel TPSRM.
Quantitative Gas Chromatographic Headspace Determination of Choline in Adult and Infant Formula Products (1984)

A gas chromatographic headspace method has been developed for the determination of choline in liquid and powder formula products. Choline undergoes the Hofmann elimination reaction during a 24 h, 120 degrees C alkaline digestion. Volatile trimethylamine (TMA) is produced and equilibrates between the liquid and vapor phase (headspace). A 50 microL headspace sample is chromatographed on a 28% Pennwalt 223-4% KOH column, with flame ionization detection. Choline is indirectly quantitated by comparing sample TMA peaks with peaks for a reference standard. Ethyl ether is used as an internal standard. Compared with previous methods, this procedure offers improved precision (7.7-9.6% relative standard deviation (RSD], accuracy, and specificity of both free and bound forms of choline. Estimated analysis rate using manual injection is 160 samples/week, requiring 35 work-hours. Automation of this procedure, using a commercially available headspace analyzer, resulted in a further improvement in precision (1.60-6.91% RSD) and a throughput of 400 samples/week.
Sharing, discovering and browsing photo collections through RDF geo-metadata (2006)

Abstract — In recent years the growth in popularity of digital photography, together with the development of services and technologies to annotate and organize data on the Web, have extended the possibilities for managing and sharing large numbers of pictures. Our work explores the kinds of metadata that can be captured at the time a photo is taken, and ways to share these metadata in order to create a browsing experience of distributed photo collections based on their spatial information and relations. We present a prototype system in which an RDF description of pictures, including location and compass heading information, is used to discover geo-related pictures from other users. A browsing interface that allows users to explore pictures according to the spatial relationships discovered is proposed. I.
Monoclinic and triclinic phases in higher-order Devonshire theory (2001)

Devonshire theory provides a successful phenomenological description of many cubic perovskite ferroelectrics such as ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ via a sixth-order expansion of the free energy in the polar order parameter. However, the recent discovery of a novel monoclinic ferroelectric phase in the PZT system by Noheda et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2059 (1999)] poses a challenge to this theory. Here, we confirm that the sixth-order Devonshire theory cannot support a monoclinic phase, and consider extensions of the theory to higher orders. We show that an eighth-order theory allows for three kinds of equilibrium phases in which the polarization is confined not to a symmetry axis but to a symmetry plane. One of these phases provides a natural description of the newly observed monoclinic phase. Moreover, the theory makes testable predictions about the nature of the phase boundaries between monoclinic, tetragonal, and rhombohedral phases. A ferroelectric phase of the lowest (triclinic) symmetry type, in which the polarization is not constrained by symmetry, does not emerge until the Devonshire theory is carried to twelfth order. A topological analysis of the critical points of the free-energy surface facilitates the discussion of the phase transition sequences.
A Novel Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazolopteridines (2002)

Reaction of 1,2-dihydro-2-thioxopteridin-4(3H)-one, 6,7-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-2-thioxopteridin-4(3H)-one and 6,7-diphenyl-1,2-dihydro-2-thioxopteridin-4(3H)-one with hydrazonoyl halides affords the title compounds in good yields.
Evaluation of Gentian cystatin C reagent on Abbott Ci8200 and calculation of glomerular filtration rate expressed in mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>from the cystatin C values in mg/L (2007)

There was low inter-laboratory variation between the three laboratories involved in the cystatin C evaluation, and thus all three laboratories can use the same equation for calculating the estimated GFR.
Statin Induces Apoptosis and Cell Growth Arrest in Prostate Cancer Cells (2008)

Statins are a class of low molecular weight drugs that inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Statins have been approved and effectively used to control hypercholesterolemia in clinical setting. Recent study showed statin's antitumor activity and suggested a potential role for prevention of human cancers. In this study, we did cell viability, DNA fragmentation, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays to evaluate the action of statins on prostate cancer cells and used Western blotting and RhoA activation assay to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of action. Our data showed that lovastatin and simvastatin effectively decreased cell viability in three prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LnCap) by inducing apoptosis and cell growth arrest at G(1) phase. Both lovastatin and simvastatin induced activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and, to a lesser extent, caspase-9. Both statins suppressed expression of Rb, phosphorylated Rb, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, CDK4, and CDK6, but induced p21 and p27 expression in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, lovastatin and simvastatin suppressed RhoA activation and c-JUN expression, but not cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Our data showed that the antitumor activity of statins is due to induction of apoptosis and cell growth arrest. The underlying molecular mechanism of statin's action is mediated through inactivation of RhoA, which in turn induces caspase enzymatic activity and/or G(1) cell cycle. Future studies should focus on examining statins and other apoptosis-inducing drugs (e.g., cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or curcumin) together to assess their efficacy in prevention of prostate cancer.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Tumor Growth through the Enhancement of Neovascularization (2011)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also called mesenchymal stem cells, migrate and function as stromal cells in tumor tissues. The effects of MSCs on tumor growth are controversial. In this study, we showed that MSCs increase proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and promote tumor growth in vivo. We also further analyzed the mechanisms that underlie these effects. For use in in vitro and in vivo experiments, we established a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell line from cells isolated in C57BL/6 mice. Effects of murine MSCs on tumor cell proliferation in vitro were analyzed in a coculture model with B16-LacZ cells. Both coculture with MSCs and treatment with MSC-conditioned media led to enhanced growth of B16-LacZ cells, although the magnitude of growth stimulation in cocultured cells was greater than that of cells treated with conditioned media. Co-injection of B16-LacZ cells and MSCs into syngeneic mice led to increased tumor size compared with injection of B16-LacZ cells alone. Identical experiments using Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells instead of B16-LacZ cells yielded similar results. Consistent with a role for neovascularization in MSC-mediated tumor growth, tumor vessel area was greater in tumors resulting from co-injection of B16-LacZ cells or LLCs with MSCs than in tumors induced by injection of cancer cells alone. Co-injected MSCs directly supported the tumor vasculature by localizing close to vascular walls and by expressing an endothelial marker. Furthermore, secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor was increased in cocultures of MSCs and B16-LacZ cells compared with B16-LacZ cells alone. Together, these results indicate that MSCs promote tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo and suggest that tumor promotion in vivo may be attributable in part to enhanced angiogenesis.
Use of A Bioreactor Consisting of Sequentially Aligned L‐Glutamate Dehydrogenase and L‐Glutamate Oxidase for the Determination of Ammonia by Chemiluminescence (1987)

A chemiluminometric method for the automated flow injection analysis of ammonia is described. The essence of the invention is the use of a bioreactor consisting of both immobilized L-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and L-glutamate oxidase (GLXD), which are sequentially aligned in this order in a minicolumn measuring 2.0 X 20 mm. The unidirectional constant flow of liquid through the column reactor minimizes the reversed diffusion of the solutes so that the following sequence of reactions is ensured. Thus, ammonia to be determined is first transformed by GLDH into L-glutamate, which then produces hydrogen peroxide by GLXD. Hydrogen peroxide in the effluent from the column is then determined by its chemiluminescence upon admixing with luminol and potassium ferricyanide. The present method gives linearity of the standard curve for ammonia up to 1.0 mM. It is at least 100 times more sensitive than the conventional method for ammonia assay using ultraviolet absorption measurement.
Visible light point-diffraction interferometer for testing of EUVL optics (2006)

We have built a visible light point-diffraction interferometer with the purpose to characterize EUVL projection optics. The interferometer operates at the wavelength of 532 nm and utilizes two identical pinhole wavefront reference sources for generation of both signal and reference wavefronts. In the simple configuration of our interferometer, the main source of system error is the pinhole reference wavefronts. It is important that the reference wavefronts are calibrated and the calibration is stable. The calibration using our refractive test optic is reproducible to better than 0.1 nm RMS. The interferometer measured the wavefront of our refractive test optic with the repeatability of 0.1nm RMS. This paper will discuss the error sources and removal of the errors with experimental results.
Atopic dermatitis and cancer risk (2005)

The findings of the epidemiological studies tend to support a lower risk of cancer among persons with a history of AD. Although a more careful definition of AD is needed, these epidemiological studies could provide an estimate of the background cancer risk in patients with AD when the long-term effects of treatments for AD are assessed.
Hydrogen Storage in Metal−Organic Frameworks by Bridged Hydrogen Spillover (2006)

The possible utilization of hydrogen as the energy source for fuel-cell vehicles is limited by the lack of a viable hydrogen storage system. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to a new class of microporous materials that have recently been shown to be potential candidates for hydrogen storage; however, no significant hydrogen storage capacity has been achieved in MOFs at ambient temperature. Here we report substantially increased hydrogen storage capacities of modified MOFs by using a simple technique that causes and facilitates hydrogen spillover. Thus, the storage of 4 wt % is achieved at room temperature and 100 atm for the modified IRMOF-8. The adsorption is reversible, and the rates are fast. That has made MOFs truly promising for hydrogen storage application.
Efficient Analytics on Encrypted Data (2018)

Enterprises and non-profit organizations work with sensitive commercial or personal information, stored in an encrypted form due to business confidentiality requirements, GDPR regulations [4] and other reasons. Unfortunately, a straightforward encryption doesn't work well for modern columnar data formats, such as Apache Parquet [2], that are leveraged by analytic frameworks for acceleration of data ingest and processing.
Metabolism of uric acid in normal and toxemic pregnancy. (1978)

The formation, measurement, and excretion of uric acid are reviewed. Since fluctuations in serum uric acid may be as high as 40% over a 24-hour period, a single value must be evaluated with caution. Alterations in the renal handling of uric acid are responsible for the pronounced decrease in serum uric acid over the first 20 weeks of gestation, its gradual increase in the latter part of pregnancy, and its further increase with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Although there is a fair degree of overlap between a normotensive control and a preeclamptic group, the level of serum uric acid generally correlates with the severity of preeclampsia. Possible intrarenal mechanisms that could produce these changes are discussed.
Neutron, X-Ray Scattering And TEM Studies Of Ni-Ti Multilayers (1989)

Analysis of Ni-Ti multilayer neutron reflectors and supermirrors has been undertaken to identify the causes of the lower than expected observed scattering power and critical angle enhancement of Ni-Ti supermirrors. Results of these investigations have focused attention on cusp formation in the Ni-Ti bilayers as probable cause for the reduced neutron scattering power. Grazing angle x-ray and neutron scattering, wide angle neutron diffraction and analytical cross sectional TEM have been used in this investigation. The multilayers were produced by magnetron sputtering and ion-beam deposition on float glass substrates and silicon wafers.
System Modeling and Simulation for Multi-Phase Brushless DC Motor (2008)

Based on the mathematical model of the multi-phase brushless DC motor(BLDCM),the finite element method was used to calculate the design parameters of BLDCM,a novel method for modeling and simulation of multi-phase BLDCM system with Matlab was proposed and established.A simulation model of multi-phase BLDCM control system with the Simulink and PSB of Matlab software was established.The reasonability and validity were testified by the simulation results and this novel method offered a new thoughtway for designing and testing actual motors.
Analysis of acoustic bulk mode excitation, by interdigital transducers (1974)

It is shown that for surface wave delay lines with parallelepiped substrate geometry, the plate modes of the substrate describe the entirety of the spurious responses of the transducers. Experimental evidence is presented which shows that by carrying out a superposition of the plate modes, both the in-band distortion and the out-of-band rejection can be quantitatively predicted.
Solid Film Deposition and Non-Sacrificial Boundary Lubrication (1963)

Abstract This paper reports the results of studying various approaches in non-sacrificial boundary lubrication in which the deposition of a beneficial surface layer is the result of a chemical reaction involving one or more components in the lubricating fluid but not the metal surface itself. This is in contrast to the conventional approach which involves the rubbing surfaces as reactants with the components in the lubricant and usually promotes wear as the result of chemical change of the surfaces. The most interesting findings show that a reaction between a molybdenum complex and a mixture of zinc dialkylphosphorodithioates produced in situ deposition of MoS2 and some other unidentified crystalline material. Effective reductions in friction and wear were obtained. Electron diffraction patterns of the worn metal surface established the presence of MoS2. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the Lubrication Conference held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, October 16–18, 1962. Notes Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the Lubrication Conference held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, October 16–18, 1962.