gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Isolate (1981)

A virus isolated in cell culture from the spleen of a cat with feline infectious peritonitis was identified by physicochemical, morphological and antigenic criteria as a coronavirus. The feline infectious peritonitis virus was compared in vitro with canine coronavirus, a reported enteric pathogen of dogs. The feline isolate was characterized, by chloroform sensitivity and resistance to 5-iododeoxyuridine, respectively, as containing essential lipid and an RNA genome. Other traits of the isolate included resistance to acidic conditions, heat lability, and resistance to trypsin. Electron microscopy showed viral particles with a structure consistent with that of the prototype of the coronavirus group, infectious bronchitis virus. Indirect immunofluorescence with canine coronavirus monospecific antiserum showed the viral isolate to be antigenically related to canine coronavirus. Specific-pathogen-free cats inoculated by various routes with cell-culture-propagated virus had both clinical symptoms and lesions consistent with feline infectious peritonitis.
Minireview: NAD+, a Circadian Metabolite with an Epigenetic Twist (2011)

A wide variety of endocrine, physiological, and metabolic functions follow daily oscillations. Most of these regulations are controlled at the level of gene expression by the circadian clock and, a remarkably coordinated transcription-translation machinery that exerts its function in virtually all mammalian cells. A large fraction of the genome is under control of the circadian clock, a regulation that is achieved through dynamic changes in chromatin states. Recent findings have demonstrated intimate connections between the circadian clock and epigenetic control. The case of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which modulates the circadian activity of the deacetylase sirtuin 1, constitutes a paradigmatic example of the link between cyclic cellular metabolism and chromatin remodeling. Indeed, the clock transcriptional feedback loop is interlocked with the enzymatic loop of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage pathway.
Superplastic forming of alloy 718 (1994)

Inconel Alloy 718 (UNS N07718) is now available in a fine-grained, controlled composition modification that can be super-plastically formed. The new superplastic forming (SPF) capability allows the manufacture of large, complex, and detailed parts, which improves integrity by reducing the need for joining. Furthermore, it allows designers to fabricate components having higher strength, fatigue resistance, and temperature capability than parts made of aluminum or titanium alloys.
Solubility of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub> in the Ionic Liquid [bmim][PF<sub>6</sub>] from Monte Carlo Simulations (2005)

This work reports predictions from molecular simulation results for the solubility of the single gases carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen in the ionic liquid 1-N-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) at temperatures from 293 to 393 K and at pressures up to 9 MPa. The predictions are achieved by Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations at constant pressure and temperature (NpT-GEMC). The intermolecular forces are approximated by effective pair potentials for the pure gases and by a quantum-chemistry-based pair potential for [bmim][PF6]. The interactions between unlike groups are described using common mixing rules without any adjustable binary interaction parameter. The simulation results for the solubility of hydrogen agree within their statistical uncertainty with experimental data, whereas the results for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide reveal somewhat larger deviations.
Carbonized Lignin as Sustainable Filler in Biobased Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Polymer for Injection Molding Applications (2015)

Light weight and sustainability are the key drivers in the development of novel biobased thermoplastic compounds for automotive applications. This paper reports the engineering properties of thermoplastic compound consisting of a novel bioresourced carbon filler in combination with partially biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate). The bioresourced carbon filler, which was derived from lignin residue of cellulosic ethanol production, has a clear advantage in terms of density compared to glass fiber and other minerals, and shows potential for weight reduction with 7% lower density at 20% filler content. Polymer processing conditions were optimized in terms of thermomechanical properties, and use of a reactive chain extender additive was studied for improving the performance of the compound. At the optimized conditions, good dimensional stability, 89% increase in heat deflection temperature, 60% increase in flexural modulus, and 14% increase in flexural strength was attained in comparison to neat PTT polymer. Theoretical modeling based on a rule-of-mixture approach showed good agreement of the predicted and experimental modulus of the studied composites. When compared to existing mineral filled engineering polyester resin, many properties of the prepared compounds were on a comparable or favorable level, indicating good potential of the bioresourced carbon filler for light weighting and highly sustainable engineering applications.
Lipid Nanoparticles─From Liposomes to mRNA Vaccine Delivery, a Landscape of Research Diversity and Advancement (2021)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged across the pharmaceutical industry as promising vehicles to deliver a variety of therapeutics. Currently in the spotlight as vital components of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, LNPs play a key role in effectively protecting and transporting mRNA to cells. Liposomes, an early version of LNPs, are a versatile nanomedicine delivery platform. A number of liposomal drugs have been approved and applied to medical practice. Subsequent generations of lipid nanocarriers, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and cationic lipid-nucleic acid complexes, exhibit more complex architectures and enhanced physical stabilities. With their ability to encapsulate and deliver therapeutics to specific locations within the body and to release their contents at a desired time, LNPs provide a valuable platform for treatment of a variety of diseases. Here, we present a landscape of LNP-related scientific publications, including patents and journal articles, based on analysis of the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific knowledge. Rising trends are identified, such as nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles becoming the preferred platforms for numerous formulations. Recent advancements in LNP formulations as drug delivery platforms, such as antitumor and nucleic acid therapeutics and vaccine delivery systems, are discussed. Challenges and growth opportunities are also evaluated in other areas, such as medical imaging, cosmetics, nutrition, and agrochemicals. This report is intended to serve as a useful resource for those interested in LNP nanotechnologies, their applications, and the global research effort for their development.
Effects of Body Mass Index on Mechanical Properties of the Plantar Fascia and Heel Pad in Asymptomatic Participants (2017)

Level 3, comparative study.
A Study on the Development of a Recuperative Burner ( I ) (1996)

A recuperative, burner in the capacity of 400kW was designed using the design data from the experimental results. Performance tests on this burner were made. The exhaust gas analysis, including NOx, the measurement of the flame temperature and velocity in the recuperative burner were the main topics of hot combustion tests. Design data from the experimental results are the gas velocity, air velocity, the tip location of gas nozzle and the dimension of furnace. In view of uniform temperature distribution and thermal efficiency, it is appropriate to maintain the furnace pressure at 2-3mmAq.
Increasing the immunogenicity of protein antigens through the genetic insertion of VQGEESNDK sequence of human IL-1 <i>beta</i> into their sequence. (1993)

The immunogenicity of two recombinant protein Ag containing the immunostimulatory sequence of human IL-1 beta 163-171 (VQGEESNDK) genetically engineered into their structure has been evaluated. The IL-1 beta sequence was inserted into the loop between alpha helices D and E of recombinant human ferritin H chain and into the hypervariable region of recombinant flagellin from Salmonella muenchen. The chimeric proteins were injected into mice and the level of humoral immune response developed against the native proteins was assessed by measuring the number of Ag-specific plaque forming cells/spleen or as the level of serum IgG response. The response was compared to that of mice receiving injections with wild-type protein Ag not containing the VQGEESNDK sequence or with hybrid constructs containing unrelated foreign peptide sequences of the same length. A significantly higher immune response was observed in mice immunized with chimeric constructs containing the human IL-1 beta 163-171 sequence. These data suggest that the insertion of the VQGEESNDK sequence may prove useful to increase the immune response against poorly immunogenic recombinant proteins.
Avoiding memory leaks with derived types (2003)

In this short note a solution is presented for one particular type of memory leak that can occur with derived types. With the advent of Fortran 2X and, before that, the adoption of Technical Report ISO/IEC 15581: 1998(E) (the "allocatable array extension") this solution will be superfluous, nevertheless it seems worthwhile to describe it, as it can solve the problem in the short term.
Oxidation of salicylates by stimulated granulocytes: evidence that these drugs act as free radical scavengers in biological systems. (1987)

Although salicylates have been used for centuries as treatment of inflammatory diseases, the mechanism of action of these drugs is still not clear. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis, a property that appears to explain part of their anti-inflammatory activity. However, this mechanism does not appear to explain the anti-inflammatory properties of salicylic acid, which is a major metabolite of ASA in vivo. Results of prior studies in our laboratory have established that benzoic acid, the parent compound of the salicylate group of drugs, is decarboxylated and hydroxylated by the hydroxyl free radical (OH.) produced by stimulated granulocytes. These observations suggested that salicylates might be similarly metabolized by granulocytes. If so, the capacity of salicylates to rapidly react with OH. might relate directly to their known anti-inflammatory properties. Preliminary experiments established that salicylic acid and aspirin were decarboxylated by the hydroxyl free radical generated by the enzyme system xanthine-xanthine oxidase. We then studied the metabolism of salicylates by human granulocytes. Unstimulated granulocyte suspensions did not oxidize ASA or salicylic acid. However, suspensions stimulated by opsonized zymosan particles rapidly oxidized both substrates in pharmacological concentrations. The rate of oxidation of salicylic acid was 16-fold higher than benzoic acid, whereas the rate of oxidation of ASA was four-fold higher. The reaction was oxygen dependent and could be inhibited by known hydroxyl scavengers, particularly dimethylthiourea. The reaction could also be inhibited by superoxide dismutase and azide, indicating that O-2 and heme or an iron-dependent enzyme were required for the reaction. The reaction was not impaired by compounds known to react with the HOCL and the chloramines generated by stimulated PMN. Furthermore, salicylic acid in high concentrations did not impair the HMPS pathway, the production of O-2 or the production of H2O2 by granulocytes. These data provide evidence that salicylates are rapidly oxidized by the hydroxyl free radical produced by granulocytes and not O-2, H2O2, or HOCL. This capacity of salicylates to react rapidly and selectively react with OH. may directly relate to their anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, results of our experiments indicate that stimulated granulocytes acquire the capacity to metabolize these drugs. Therefore, several metabolites of salicylates may be produced at a site of inflammation, all of which may have altered biological activity compared with the parent compound.
Interfacial Properties of Emulsions Stabilized with Surfactant and Nonsurfactant Coated Boehmite Nanoparticles (2010)

The properties of emulsions stabilized with surface-modified boehmite particles of 26 and 8 nm in diameter have been investigated. The surface-modified particles were prepared by mixing aqueous dispersions of cationic boehmite particles with aqueous solutions of the surfactant p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) or the nonsurfactant p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA). For the 26 nm particles, interfacial tension measurements indicate that p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid partitions between the particle surface and the oil-water interface, while p-toluenesulfonic acid remains on the particle surface. The partitioning of p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid supports the formation of emulsions, although in the absence of the particles the same surfactant concentration is not sufficient for emulsion stabilization. Due to the fast exchange kinetics, p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is gradually replaced by particles. At equilibrium, the interfacial tension in the presence of the surface-modified particles is between the values for the pure particles and the pure surfactant solutions. However, the interfacial tension is independent of the surfactant concentration used in the preparation of the particles. Reducing the particle size to 8 nm leads to increased emulsion stability, and thus, the minimum particle concentration required to prepare stable emulsions was reduced to 0.1 g/L. However, above approximately 3.5 mmol/L of the sulfonic acids, the small particles dissolve slowly, and the emulsion stability is lost. This mechanism can be used to trigger the collapse of the emulsions.
The Cohabitation Model (2013)

This chapter summarizes the status of same-sex partnership in countries that are in the process of implementing the cohabitation model (Canada, Australia, and New Zealand). Like domestic partnership, this model has been implemented only at the state or provincial level (as opposed to the national or federal level), depending on the country. This model purports to equate the status of same-sex couples with that of opposite-sex cohabiting couples or with that of opposite-sex de facto relationships. Its scope is dependent upon the degree of regulation of the status of heterosexual cohabitants in the relevant country. Out of Canada's twelve provincial governments, eight have extended benefits to their same-sex employees. Six provinces have thus far accorded same-sex couples extensive family law rights and responsibilities. In the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec, courts are now looking into the issue of whether same-sex couples should be granted the right to marry under Canadian human rights laws.
350. Pre-Clinical Assays for Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy (2005)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has long been a model disease to study lung gene therapy and we and others have carried out a number of phase I/II clinical trials using viral or non-viral vectors carrying the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. In addition to safety, measurements of potential difference (PD) across the airway epithelium, which is altered in CF due to the altered ion transport, have often been included as a primary endpoint. However, although important, the information obtained from PD measurements in pre-clinical and clinical gene therapy research has to be interpreted carefully, because changes in PD after transfection with the CFTR gene do not provide information about the number of cells transfected. In addition, it is unclear, how a change in PD after gene therapy correlates with more clinically relevant endpoints. The UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium has, therefore, devoted a significant amount of time and resources to refine further existing assays and set-up and validate a panel of new pre-clinical and clinical assays to screen non-viral gene transfer agents.The CF knockout mouse is the only available CF animal model and although the CF mouse does not develop traditional CF lung disease, it has long been demonstrated that the CF ion transport abnormalities are recapitulated in the murine nasal epithelium. Importantly, the cell composition of the murine nasal epithelium is also similar to the human lower airways. We have chosen the FABp-CF knockout mouse (Zhou 1994) as the standard model in our core facility. Fatty acid binding promoter (FABp)-mediated expression of CFTR in the gut, but not the airways, prevents the intestinal disease of the CF knockout mouse, thus easing work in a core facility setting. When choosing assays we aimed to cover several aspects of defective CFTR level and function [1. CFTR protein (vector- and epithelial cell-specific detection of CFTR mRNA and protein). 2. Ion transport (PD and short circuit current measurements). 3. Airway surface liquid (ASL) (ASL height), 4. Host bacterial interaction (Bacterial adherence to airway epithelial cells). During assay validation we compared FABP-CF mice and wild-type littermates and used the results to carry out power calculations that informed cohort size when assessing efficiency of gene transfer agents. Importantly, we learnt that n numbers have to be large to detect small, but potentially clinically relevant, changes in these assays and that care has to be taken not to underpower assays for assumed treatment effects.
Medical History, Lifestyle, Family History, and Occupational Risk Factors for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: The InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project (2014)

Risk factors associated with increased overall PTCL risk with a P value less than .05 included: a family history of hematologic malignancies (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.84); celiac disease (OR = 17.8, 95% CI = 8.61 to 36.79); eczema (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.85); psoriasis (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.17 to 3.32); smoking 40 or more years (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.41 to 2.62); and employment as a textile worker (ever) (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.38) and electrical fitter (ever) (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.41 to 5.95). Exposures associated with reduced overall PTCL risk included a personal history of allergies (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.87), alcohol consumption (ever) (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.82), and having ever lived or worked on a farm (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55% to 0.95%). We also observed the well-established risk elevation for enteropathy-type PTCL among those with celiac disease in our data. Conclusions Our pooled analyses identified a number of new potential risk factors for PTCL and require further validation in independent series.
Discourse Ethics and the Normative Justification of Tolerance (2000)

The following paper considers the extent to which discourse ethics can adequately respond to Habermas' own call for normative justification for the expectation of tolerance. It concludes that discourse ethics is able to lend its services to the flagging fortunes of the idea of toleration, not by seeking to underscore this idea with rationally compelling argumentation, but by offering insights into the possibilities opened up to a life which accepts this principle.
Ubiquitous distributed objects with CORBA. (1997)

Database interoperation is becoming a bottleneck for the research community in biology. In this paper, we first discuss the question of interoperability and give a brief overview of CORBA. Then, an example is explained in some detail: a simple but realistic data bank of STSs is implemented. The Object Request Broker is the media for communication between an object server (the data bank) and a client (possibly a genome center). Since CORBA enables easy development of networked applications, we meant this paper to provide an incentive for the bioinformatics community to develop distributed objects.
Practice development in psychiatric and mental health nursing: part three (1999)

In the third and final part of the series, Ann Jackson and four colleagues from the RCN Institute, Oxford, describe the type of work undertaken for supervised programmes and discuss the results of the initial evaluation of this work
In vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone CP-99,219 (1994)

The in vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone CP-99,219 [7-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)naphthyridone] was compared with those of four other quinolones against 541 gram-negative, 283 gram-positive, and 70 anaerobic bacterial isolates. CP-99,219 inhibited 90% of many isolates in the family Enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml (range, < 0.008 to 1 microgram/ml), an activity comparable to those of tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin and two times greater than that of temafloxacin. Ninety percent of the Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, and Serratia marcescens isolates were inhibited by 0.5 to 2 micrograms of CP-99,219 per ml. CP-99,219 inhibited 90% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae isolates at 1 and 0.015 micrograms/ml, respectively. The compound inhibited methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus at 0.06 micrograms/ml, whereas a ciprofloxacin concentration of 1 microgram/ml was required to inhibit these organisms. CP-99,219 inhibited 90% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates at a concentration of < or = 4 micrograms/ml, while ciprofloxacin and temafloxacin had MICs against these isolates of > 16 micrograms/ml. Streptococci were inhibited by < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml, an activity comparable to that of tosufloxacin. CP-99,219 was eight times more active than ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bacteroides species were inhibited by CP-99,219 at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml, whereas inhibition of these species required 4- and 16-microgram/ml concentrations of tosufloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The MBCs of CP-99,219 ranged from two to four times the MICs, and inoculum size had a minimal effect on MIC. CP-99,219 was active against P. aeruginosa at pH 5.5, with only a fourfold increase in MIC compared with values obtained at pH 7.5. The addition of up to 9 mM Mg(2+) increased the MIC range from 0.03 to 0.06 microgram/ml to 0.12 to 0.5 microgram/ml. In view of its excellent in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, CP-99,219 merits further study to determine it's clinical pharmacologic properties and potential for therapeutic use.
A comparison of experimental and theoretical relations between Young's modulus and the flexural and longitudinal resonance frequencies of uniform bars (1960)

The relations from which Young's modulus may be computed from mechanical flexural and longitudinal resonance frequencies have been established by an empirical method using two sets of steel bars. Both sets contained rectangular and cylindrical specimens. For longitudinal vibration of cylindrical specimens, the agreement between the empirical curves and Bancroft's corresponding theoretical relation was within experimental error if Poisson's ratio for both sets is taken to be 0.292. For flexural vibrations, the agreement between the empirical curve and the corresponding theoretical relation developed by Pickett is also within experimental error for about the same value of Poisson's ratio for the rectangular specimens of both sets; but for cylindrical specimens, the empirical values are somewhat lower than those predicted by the theory.