gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term follow-up of patients using the ActiGait implanted drop-foot stimulator (2005)

The ActiGait drop foot stimulator has been shown to be an effective and safe device for the treatment of drop foot following stroke, showing comparable results with surface drop foot systems [1,2]. The device comprises an implant, a control unit and a wireless heel switch that triggers stimulation. Stimulation of the common Peroneal (CP) nerve is through a nerve cuff placed around the CP nerve just above the knee. The cuff has four tri-polar electrodes, orientated to activate different nerve fibres within the CP nerve. Each channel is programmed independently via a PC. Fifteen patients who had suffered a stroke at least six months prior to recruitment were implanted with the ActiGait drop-foot stimulator. Two subjects deviated from the study protocol and, at the 90 day assessment three subjects had technical problems. Fifteen months after the start of the study 13 subjects using the device have undergone a further assessment in which we repeated the walking tests with and without the stimulator. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in walking parameters when stimulation was applied. Mean increase in distance walked = 11.5m p=0.05 and increase in maximum walking speed 0.07 m/s p=0.01. Statistically significant improvements were also detected when walking parameters were compared with those at Baseline. In conclusion: when initial technical problems with the ActiGait implanted drop-foot stimulator were overcome the system was shown to be effective in improving walking and well accepted by users.
Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Zinc(II) Ternary Complexes of Vitamin L, H&prime; and Their Isomer <i>m</i>-Aminobenzoic Acid with Bipyridine (2005)

The crystal structures of the three Zn(II) complexes, [Zn(bpy)(o-AB)2] (1) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, o-AB=o-aminobenzoic acid=Vitamin L), [Zn(bpy)(m-AB)Cl]2 (2) (m-AB=m-aminobenzoic acid), [Zn(bpy)(p-AB)Cl]*p-AB*H2O (3) (p-AB=p-aminobenzoic acid=Vitamin H'), have been determined and the basic coordination geometries and architectures organized by hydrogen-bonds and pi-pi interactions also characterized. The substitute amine group at ortho-, meta-, and para-position of AB plays an important role to produce completely different coordination motif of these complexes, further, in all complexes, aromatic amines are not coordinated to Zn(II) atom. While two different types of coordination modes of the carboxylate O atoms are present in these complexes: one mode consists of the usual Zn-O bond lengths (2.009(2)-2.251(2) A) in complex 1, 2 and 3; another consists of a very long Zn-O bond lengths (2.422(2) A) in complex 1. Each of the complexes has the characteristic UV absorption bands around 250-310 nm region, and the intense fluorescence band at near 325 nm.
Synthesis of 6-substituted thieno[3,2-b]pyrroles. Analogs of tryptophan, tryptamine, and indoleacetic acid (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 6-substituted thieno[3,2-b]pyrroles. Analogs of tryptophan, tryptamine, and indoleacetic acidA. J. Humphries, Ronald L. Keener, Kunihiko Yano, F. S. Skelton, Edward Freiter, and H. R. SnyderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 23, 3626–3629Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00796a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (676 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hormonal Receptors in Skeletal Muscles of Dystrophic Mdx Mice (2012)

Dystrophic muscles bear significant differences in the expression of hormone receptors when compared to the C57BL6 mice strain. The importance of such differences is yet to be better understood.
A Matter of Life or Death (2003)

Death of retinal photoreceptor cells underlies many blinding diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. In a Perspective, [Ranganathan][1] explores new work that starts to unravel the relation between visual signaling pathways and the processes of apoptosis and necrosis. An intriguing new finding is that accumulation of the sphingolipid ceramide stimulates both necrosis and apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in the fly ([ Acharya et al .][2])

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/299/5613/1677
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/299/5613/1740
ABI1 and PP2CA Phosphatases Are Negative Regulators of Snf1-Related Protein Kinase1 Signaling in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2013)

Plant survival under environmental stress requires the integration of multiple signaling pathways into a coordinated response, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this integration are poorly understood. Stress-derived energy deprivation activates the Snf1-related protein kinases1 (SnRK1s), triggering a vast transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming that restores homeostasis and promotes tolerance to adverse conditions. Here, we show that two clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), established repressors of the abscisic acid (ABA) hormonal pathway, interact with the SnRK1 catalytic subunit causing its dephosphorylation and inactivation. Accordingly, SnRK1 repression is abrogated in double and quadruple pp2c knockout mutants, provoking, similarly to SnRK1 overexpression, sugar hypersensitivity during early seedling development. Reporter gene assays and SnRK1 target gene expression analyses further demonstrate that PP2C inhibition by ABA results in SnRK1 activation, promoting SnRK1 signaling during stress and once the energy deficit subsides. Consistent with this, SnRK1 and ABA induce largely overlapping transcriptional responses. Hence, the PP2C hub allows the coordinated activation of ABA and energy signaling, strengthening the stress response through the cooperation of two key and complementary pathways.
Actigraphy and Motion Analysis: New Tools for Psychiatry (1995)

Altered locomotor activity is a cardinal sign of several psychiatric disorders. With advances in technology, activity can now be measured precisely. Contemporary studies quantifying activity in psychiatric patients are reviewed. Studies were located by a Medline search (1965 to present; English language only) cross-referencing motor activity and major psychiatric disorders. The review focused on mood disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Activity levels are elevated in mania, agitated depression, and ADHD and attenuated in bipolar depression and seasonal depression. The percentage of low-level daytime activity is directly related to severity of depression, and change in this parameter accurately mirrors recovery. Demanding cognitive tasks elicit fidgeting in children with ADHD, and precise measures of activity and attention may provide a sensitive and specific marker for this disorder. Circadian rhythm analysis enhances the sophistication of activity measures. Affective disorders in children and adolescents are characterized by an attenuated circadian rhythm and an enhanced 12-hour harmonic rhythm (diurnal variation). Circadian analysis may help to distinguish between the activity patterns of mania (dysregulated) and ADHD (intact or enhanced). Persistence of hyperactivity or circadian dysregulation in bipolar patients treated with lithium appears to predict rapid relapse once medication is discontinued. Activity monitoring is a valuable research tool, with the potential to aid clinicians in diagnosis and in prediction of treatment response.
Tunable PIE and synchronized gating detections by FastFLIM for quantitative microscopy measurements of fast dynamics of single molecules (2016)

The crosstalk between two fluorescent species causes problems in fluorescence microscopy imaging, especially for quantitative measurements such as co-localization, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence cross correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). In laser scanning confocal microscopy, the lasers can be switched on and off by acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) in the microsecond scale for alternative line scanning in order to avoid the crosstalk while minimizing the time delay between two lasers on the same pixel location. In contrast, the pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE) technique synchronizes two pulsed lasers of different wavelengths in the nanosecond scale to enable measuring superfast dynamics of two fluorescent species simultaneously and yet quantitatively without the crosstalk contamination. This feature is critical for many cell biology applications, e.g. accurate determination of stoichiometry in FRET measurements for studying protein-protein interactions or cell signal events, detection of weaker bindings in FCCS by eliminating the false cross correlation due to the crosstalk. The PIE has been used with the time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) electronics. Here, we describe a novel PIE development using the digital frequency domain (DFD) technique — FastFLIM, which provides tunable PIE setups and synchronized gating detections, tailored and optimized to specific applications. A few PIE setups by FastFLIM and measurement examples are described. Combined with the sensitivity of Alba and Q2 systems, the PIE allowed us to quantitatively measure the fast dynamics of single molecules.
Mesocrystalline calcium silicate hydrate: A bioinspired route toward elastic concrete materials (2017)

Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is the binder in concrete, the most used synthetic material in the world. The main weakness of concrete is the lack of elasticity and poor flexural strength considerably limiting its potential, making reinforcing steel constructions necessary. Although the properties of C-S-H could be significantly improved in organic hybrids, the full potential of this approach could not be reached because of the random C-S-H nanoplatelet structure. Taking inspiration from a sea urchin spine with highly ordered nanoparticles in the biomineral mesocrystal, we report a bioinspired route toward a C-S-H mesocrystal with highly aligned C-S-H nanoplatelets interspaced with a polymeric binder. A material with a bending strength similar to nacre is obtained, outperforming all C-S-H-based materials known to date. This strategy could greatly benefit future construction processes because fracture toughness and elasticity of brittle cementitious materials can be largely enhanced on the nanoscale.
Epigenetics in Prostate Cancer (2011)

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed nonskin malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death among men in the United States. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequences. Two common epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation and histone modification, have demonstrated critical roles in prostate cancer growth and metastasis. DNA hypermethylation of cytosine-guanine (CpG) rich sequence islands within gene promoter regions is widespread during neoplastic transformation of prostate cells, suggesting that treatment-induced restoration of a "normal" epigenome could be clinically beneficial. Histone modification leads to altered tumor gene function by changing chromosome structure and the level of gene transcription. The reversibility of epigenetic aberrations and restoration of tumor suppression gene function have made them attractive targets for prostate cancer treatment with modulators that demethylate DNA and inhibit histone deacetylases.
Analysis of Crystals Leading to Joint Arthropathies by Raman Spectroscopy: Comparison with Compensated Polarized Imaging (2009)

The current study assessed the feasibility of the application of Raman spectroscopy toward the diagnosis of gout and pseudogout. First, the lowest concentrations of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals detectable by Raman spectroscopy were investigated by mixing known amounts of synthetic crystals with synovial fluid in the concentration range of 1 to 100 microg/mL. Second, a digestion protocol was developed for clinical samples to improve crystal extraction. The ensuing centrifugation of the digest congregated crystals at a well-defined point and allowed for point-and-shoot Raman analysis without having to conduct an extensive search for individual crystals. Finally, synovial fluid samples obtained from patients (n = 35) were cross-analyzed by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and the Raman method to compare and contrast the diagnoses of the two methods. It was found that Raman spectroscopy can detect MSUM and CPPD crystals with good sensitivity and specificity at concentrations as low as 5 microg/mL and 2.5 microg/mL, respectively, using the current method. This detection limit of Raman analysis is lower than that reported for PLM. Raman and PLM diagnoses of clinical samples agreed in 32 out of 35 samples in the entire sample pool. However, the rate of disagreement between PLM-based and Raman-based diagnoses was noteworthy within the subset of diseased samples (3 out of 10), indicating that PLM has limitations and that the confirmation by a secondary method is essential for a reliable outcome. The proposed protocol of sample preparation and Raman analysis ascribes baseline feasibility to the diagnosis of gout and pseudogout by Raman spectroscopy, thus justifying further studies using a larger clinical sample set for obtaining sensitivity and specificity.
Oxidative Destruction of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Using Boron-Doped Diamond Film Electrodes (2008)

This research investigated the oxidative destruction of perfluorooctane sulfonate at boron-doped diamond film electrodes. Experiments measuring oxidation rates of PFOS were performed over a range in current densities and temperatures using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) reactor and a parallel plate flow-through reactor. The oxidation of PFOS yielded sulfate, fluoride, carbon dioxide, and trace levels of trifluoroacetic acid. Reaction rates in the RDE reactor were zeroth order in PFOS concentration. Reaction rates in the flow-through reactor were mass-transfer-limited and were pseudo-first-order in PFOS concentration, with a half-life of 5.3 min at a current density of 20 mA/cm2. Eyring analysis of the zeroth order rate constants at a fixed electrode potential yielded an apparent activation energy of 4.2 kJ/mol for PFOS oxidation. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations were used to calculate activation barriers for different possible reaction mechanisms, including oxidation by hydroxyl radicals at different sites on the PFOS molecule, and direct electron transfer. A comparison of the experimentally measured apparent activation energy with those calculated using DFT indicated that the most likely rate-limiting step for PFOS oxidation was direct electron transfer.
Present Status of Spiculed Red Cells and Their Relationship to the Discocyte-Echinocyte Transformation: A Critical Review (1972)

Abstract The literature on spiculed red cells, contains a redundant nomenclature and contradictory claims on the pathogenesis of the abnormal red cells. A resolution of these difficulties requires knowledge of the many conditions that induce crenation in normal and abnormal red cells because these artifacts have frequently been confused with spiculed cells in the patient’s circulation. The biconcave red cells (disocytes) can be transformed into crenated red cells (echinocytes) (1) by extrinsic factors (plasma incubated at 37°C for 24 hr, lysolecithin, high levels of fatty acid or physiologic levels of fatty acid in the presence of lysolecithin and many others); (2) by intrinsic factors, such as aging of red cells, which are probably related to depressed ATP; and (3) by washing in saline and the "glass effect" of observing cells between slide and cover slip. The extrinsically induced discocyte-echinocyte transformation is generally reversible by washing in fresh plasma, the intrinsically induced transformation is not. The discocyte-echinocyte transformation due to glass contact is prevented by observation between plastic cover slips. Echinocytes probably occur in various diseases, but such claims must be reevaluated because examination of fresh cells between plastic cover slips is necessary to exclude artifactual crenation during preparation of smears. Sphero-echinocytes and spherocytes may develop with higher concentration of echinocytogenic agents. The relationship of these cells to echinocytes, on one hand, and prelytic spheres, on the other, needs further clarification. The spiculed cells in the circulation of certain patients with liver disease are indistinguishable from the acanthocytes of abetalipoproteinemia. Acanthocytes can develop crenation superimposed on their own spicules and become acanthoechinocytes. It is suggested that the term burr cell for echinocyte and spur cells for the acanthocytes of liver disease be abandoned because they are redundant and do not allow for designation of the mixed forms of acantho-echinocytes which are of diagnostic importance. Speculations are presented on the pathogenesis of echinocyte formation and their importance for an understanding of the structure of the red cell membrane.
1 Project IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group Title IEEE 802.16m Evaluation Methodology Document (EMD) Date Submitted (2008)

This document is the approved baseline 802.16m Evaluation Methodology. As directed by TGm, this document is a revision to IEEE 802.16m-08/004 according to the comment resolution conducted by TGm in Session #54. Purpose Updated evaluation methodology for the P802.16m draft. Notice This document does not represent the agreed views of the IEEE 802.16 Working Group or any of its subgroups. It represents only the views of the participants listed in the Source(s) field above. It is offered as a basis for discussion. It is not binding on the contributor(s), who reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE's name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE's sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.16.
A Queue Management Algorithm for Improving Fairness in a Private Network (2002)

With the recent rapid progress of Internet, the higher speed network is needed to support the exploration of ambient information from text-based to multimedia-based information. Also, demands for additional Layer 3 routing technique, such as Network Address Translator (NAT) and Firewall, are required to solve a limitation of a current Internet address space and to protect the interior network from the exterior network. However, current router-based algorithms do not provide mechanisms to solve the congestion and fairness problems, while supporting the multimedia services and satisfying the user requirements. In this paper, to solve these problems, a new active queue management, called MFRED (Multiple Fairness RED) algorithm, is proposed. This algorithm can efficiently reduce the congestion in a router or gateway based on the Layer 3 routing technique, such as NAT. This algorithm can improve the fairness among TCP-like flows and unresponsive flows. It also works well in fairly protecting congestion-sensitive flows, i.e. fragile TCP, from congestion-insensitive or congestion-causing flows, i.e. robust TCP.
Damage evaluation for concrete structures using fiber-reinforced composites as self-diagnosis materials (2004)

Health monitoring techniques that utilize structural materials with the ability to diagnose their own condition, so-called self-diagnosis materials, have been under development. The authors have developed two types of electrically conductive fiber reinforced composite to diagnose cracks in concrete structures: a high sensitivity detection sensor and maximum strain memory sensor. Three points bending tests on pre-notched reinforced concrete beam under the cyclic loading is presented using these two self-diagnosis materials, with attention towards the relationship between crack width of the concrete beam and electric resistance. Moreover, effects of volume fraction of carbon particle on memorizing maximum strain are investigated. It has been proved that both self-diagnosis materials are highly effective to detect the cracks in the concrete. And present strain can be obtained by the proposed fiber reinforced plastic composites. Although volume fraction of carbon particle has significant influence on the characteristics of memorizing maximum strain, maximum strain of the concrete structures can be memorized using the appropriate self-diagnosis materials.
Investigations of Corrosion with Measurement and Compensation of the Ohmic Drop (1982)

A potentiostatic measuring instrument with interrupter is described. It is shown how the true polarization and, in the case of formation of surface layers, the layer resistance can be determined by automatic compensation of the ohmic drop.
High frequency of promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (2001)

We have investigated the genetic and epigenetic changes of a newly isolated tumor suppressor gene on 3p21.3, RASSF1A, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Four xenografts, four cell lines and 21 primary tumors were examined. Promoter hypermethylation of the 5'CpG island of RASSF1A was detected in 4 of 4 (100%) xenografts, in 3 of 4 (75%) cell lines, and in 14 of 21 (66.7%) primary tumors but not in the normal nasopharyngeal epithelia. Mutations were found in 2 of 21 (9.5%) primary tumors. In the cell lines and xenografts with extensive methylation, no RASSF1A gene expression was found. After treatment with 5'-aza-2'deoxycytidine, reexpression and demethylation of the RASSF1A gene were detected in a NPC cell line. These findings suggest that promoter hypermethylation may participate in the transcriptional inactivation of the RASSF1A gene in NPC. The high incidence of RASSF1A alterations suggest that it is the critical target gene on chromosome 3p21.3 involved in the development of NPC.
A Three-Dimensional Pharmacophore Model for 5-Hydroxytryptamine<sub>6</sub>(5-HT<sub>6</sub>) Receptor Antagonists (2005)

Forty-five structurally diverse 5-hydroxytryptamine(6) receptor (5-HT(6)R) antagonists were selected to develop a 3D pharmacophore model with the Catalyst software. The structural features for antagonism at this receptor are a positive ionizable atom interacting with Asp(3.32), a hydrogen bond acceptor group interacting with Ser(5.43) and Asn(6.55), a hydrophobic site interacting with residues in a hydrophobic pocket between transmembranes 3, 4, and 5, and an aromatic-ring hydrophobic site interacting with Phe(6.52).