gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of recombination process using silver and graphene quantum dot embedded intermediate layer for efficient organic tandem cells (2016)

High performance of organic tandem solar cell is largely dependent on transparent and conductive intermediate layer (IML). The current work reports the design and fabrication of an IML using a simple solution process. The efficiency of a homo-tandem device with poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester as an active layer and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(ethylenimine) as an IML was initially found to be 3.40%. Further enhancement of the cell efficiency was achieved using silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) of different sizes and graphene quantum dot embedded IML. A maximum efficiency of 4.03% was achieved using 7 nm Ag-NPs that contribute to a better recombination process. Also, the performance of the tandem cell was solely based on the electrical improvements indicated by the current - voltage measurements, external quantum efficiency and impedance analysis. The use of Ag-NPs in the IML has been shown to lengthen the life time of electron-hole pairs in the device. This study thus paves way to develop such efficient IMLs for more efficient tandem solar cells.
Nonatopic asthma: in vivo airway hyperreactivity adoptively transferred to naive mice by THY-1(+) and B220(+) antigen-specific cells that lack surface expression of CD3. (1997)

To investigate the cellular immune events contributing to airway hyperreactivity (AHR), we studied an in vivo mouse model induced by the hapten picryl (trinitrophenyl) chloride (PCl). Mice were immunized by cutaneous contact sensitization with PCl and airway challenged subsequently with picryl sulfonic acid (PSA) antigen (Ag). Increased airway resistance was produced late (24 h) after Ag challenge, disappeared by 48 h, and was associated with no decrease in diffusion capacity. AHR could be produced in PCl immune/ PSA challenged mice on day 7 or even, with challenge, as early as 1 d after contact sensitization, after adoptive transfer of immune cells lacking CD3(+) contact sensitivity effector T cells, or after transfer of Ag-specific lymphoid cells depleted of conventional T lymphocytes with surface determinants for CD3, CD4, CD8, TCR-beta, or TCR-delta molecules. Further experiments showed that development of AHR depended upon transfer of immune cells expressing surface membrane Thy-1 and B220 (CD45RA) determinants. We concluded that a novel population of Ag-specific lymphoid cells with a defined surface phenotype (Thy-1(+), CD3(-), CD4(-), CD8(-), TCR-alphabeta-, TCR-gammadelta-, and CD45RA+) is required in a mouse model for the development of AHR.
[Blood pseudo-cyst of the spleen during pancreatitis (author's transl)]. (1978)

In this paper a weighting function for voltage\nunbalance correction is proposed to be integrated into the\ncontrol of distributed grid-interfacing systems. The correction\naction can help decrease the negative-sequence voltage at the\npoint of connection with the grid. Based on the voltage\nunbalance factor and system power capacity, the interfacing\nconverter delivers a small amount of negative-sequence current\nto the grid and helps correcting the negative-sequence voltage.\nAlthough the reduced amplitudes contributed by each individual\nDG system are very small compared to the total negativesequence\ncomponent, many DG system modules can\ncollectively achieve substantial results in the grid. As a practical\nexample, a three-phase grid-interfacing converter servicing\nsensitive loads with distributed sources is employed to integrate\nthis additional function. Design principles, simulation and\nexperimental results are presented to verify the proposal.
Javaチュートリアル : A Short Course on the Basics (2007)

はじめてのＪａｖａ オブジェクト指向プログラミングの概念 Ｊａｖａプログラミング言語の基礎 クラスとオブジェクト インタフェースと継承 総称 パッケージ 数と文字列 例外 基本Ｉ／Ｏ コレクション 並行処理 正規表現 プラットフォーム環境 Ｓｗｉｎｇ ＪＡＲファイル Ｊａｖａ Ｗｅｂ Ｓｔａｒｔ アプレット 〕
A Carbon-13 Breath Test to Characterize Glucose Absorption and Utilization in Children (1988)

After the administration of a 5% glucose-water solution that contained tracer amounts of the stable nonradioactive isotope 13C, breath samples were collected from five children with congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption and five with severe small bowel villous atrophy and chronic diarrhea. The 13CO2 breath test curves of the children with the congenital malabsorption and chronic diarrhea were compared with each other and with those from three healthy children and four infants with severe malnutrition but no diarrhea. The breath test curves from the children with glucose-galactose malabsorption and from those with diarrhea were significantly different from those of the other two groups, a finding consistent with impairment of glucose absorption. The [13C]glucose breath test clearly identified the children with severe glucose malabsorption. Further studies are required to determine whether less severe cases of carbohydrate malabsorption also can be identified using the parameters described in our study.
Adaptive Time Scale Modification Algorithm Based on Speech Segment Processing (2008)

An adaptive algorithm for time-scaling of speech was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the speech signal was divided into a series of steady segments,each of which corresponds to a phoneme or a syllable respectively.Then,every speech segment was allocated a local modification factor βi according to the total modification factor β and its length.Finally,the entire speech signal was time scaled using WSOLA algorithm.Simulation shows that the new algorithm is efficient and the synthesized speech is more intelligible and natural.
Influence of Antimicrobial Feed Additives on Broiler Commensal Posthatch Gut Microbiota Development and Performance (2011)

The effects of avilamycin, zinc bacitracin, and flavophospholipol on broiler gut microbial community colonization and bird performance in the first 17 days posthatch were investigated. Significant differences in gut microbiota associated with gut section, dietary treatment, and age were identified by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), although no performance-related differences between dietary treatments were detected. Similar age-related shifts in the gut microbiota were identified regardless of diet but varied between the ilea and ceca. Interbird variabilities in ileal bacterial communities were reduced (3 to 7 days posthatch) in chicks fed with feed containing antimicrobial agents. Avilamycin and flavophospholipol had the most consistent effect on gut microbial communities. Operational taxonomic units (OTU) linked to changes in gut microbiota in birds on antimicrobial-supplemented diets were characterized and identified. Some OTUs could be identified to the species level; however, the majority could be only tentatively classified to the genus, family, order, or domain level. OTUs 140 to 146 (Lachnospiraceae), OTU 186/188 (Lactobacillus johnsonii), OTU 220 (Lachnospiraceae), OTUs 284 to 288 (unclassified bacterial spp. or Ruminococcaceae), OTU 296/298 (unclassified bacterium or Clostridiales), and OTU 480/482 (Oxalobacteraceae) were less prevalent in the guts of chicks fed antimicrobial-supplemented diets. OTU 178/180 (Lactobacillus crispatus), OTU 152 (Lactobacillus reuteri or unclassified Clostridiales), OTU 198/200 (Subdoligranulum spp.), and OTU 490/492 (unclassified bacterium or Enterobacteriaceae) were less prevalent in the gut of chicks raised on the antimicrobial-free diet. The identification of key bacterial species influenced by antimicrobial-supplemented feed immediately posthatch may assist in the formulation of diets that facilitate beneficial gut microbial colonization and, hence, the development of alternatives to current antimicrobial agents in feed for sustainable poultry production.
Insect cells as a production platform of complex virus-like particles (2013)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multiprotein structures that resemble the conformation of native viruses but lack a viral genome, potentiating their application as safer and cheaper vaccines. The production of VLPs has been strongly linked with the use of insect cells and the baculovirus expression vector system, especially those particles composed of two or more structural viral proteins. In fact, this expression platform has been extensively improved over the years to address the challenges of coexpression of multiple proteins and their proper assembly into complexes in the same cell. In this article, the role of insect cell technology in the development and production of complex VLPs is overviewed; recent achievements, current bottlenecks and future trends are also highlighted.
I Quasi-buckling of micromachined I beams (2015)

Abstract. Buckling of struclures w:th impetfect&apos;ons, quasi-buckl&apos;ng (os), is stddied. At the bifurcation load, these structures show a smodn transit&apos;on into one ofthe stable postbuckling equi&apos;br:um states, instead of the traditional sudden change in deflection charaneristics. GI course, OB structures can show the classical snapthrough buckling behav:our, i.e., a sLdden change of postbuckling equil&apos;brium state. Here, tne OB is described with a generalized temperature. T.. representing the compress&apos;on of the structure. mperfections and distributed deflection loads are represented by a general zed pressm, pg. Experiments on micromachineo beams, exposed to heatng (7,) and to a Lorentz force @J, ver:fy that the OB phenomena can efficiently transfer a iongitud:nal stress into a transversal def.enion, with a scale-faclor oependhg on both Tg and pg. Also, a &amp;.guided Snap-thrOJgh can be eased by reaming Ts ouring the snapthrough. 1.
The Effect of Misclassification Costs on Neural Network Classifiers (1999)

The potential of neural networks for classification problems has been established by numerous successful applications reported in the literature. One of the major assumptions used in almost all studies is the equal cost consequence of misclassification. With this assumption, minimizing the total number of misclassification errors is the sole objective in developing a neural network classifier. Often this is done simply to ease model development and the selection of classification decision points. However, it is not appropriate for many real situations such as quality assurance, direct marketing, bankruptcy prediction, and medical diagnosis where misclassification costs have unequal consequences for different categories. In this paper, we investigate the issue of unequal misclassification costs in neural network classifiers. Through an application in thyroid disease diagnosis, we find that different cost considerations have significant effects on the classification performance and that appropriate use of cost information can aid in optimal decision making. A cross‐validation technique is employed to alleviate the problem of bias in the training set and to examine the robustness of neural network classifiers with regard to sampling variations and cost differences.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of <i>o</i>- or <i>p</i>-Substituted Phenol Derivatives (1959)

Phenol derivatives possessing a long-chain alkyl or -COR group in the ortho or para position of phenol, β-diketone derivatives having -COCH2COR group, and monoketo acid derivatives possessing -CO(CH2)nCOOR group were synthesized and their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Trychophyton were examined.
A synthesis preprocessor that converts implicit style Verilog into one-hot designs (2002)

Different synthesis vendors support different subsets of Verilog. One such subset is the implicit style state machine (multiple uses of edge triggered events within an always block). With this style, one can obtain working silicon in less time because the implicit style is more like software design. Unfortunately, most synthesis vendors do not support the implicit style. To make the implicit style more accessible, a freely available synthesis preprocessor is described that converts implicit style always blocks into other equivalent Verilog, which can then be synthesized by most commercial synthesis tools. This paper discusses advantages of the implicit style, how the preprocessor translates implicit style code into a one-hot design, and why the language subset (non-blocking assignment) was chosen so that the semantics of the synthesized Verliog can agree with the simulation semantics defined by IEEE 1364.
Urolithiasis in primary care. (1989)

Urolithiasis is a common, multifactorial, medically manageable disease. Primary care physicians can play a prominent role in metabolic evaluation and medical treatment of patients with urolithiasis. Patients should be referred for urologic evaluation in the presence of intractable urinary tract infection, progressive renal damage, urinary obstruction, refractory pain, or presence of stones of uncertain etiology. Expectant management of symptomatic ureteral stones can be undertaken by a primary care physician in conjunction with urologic support. Interventional treatment of urinary stones has improved markedly with the availability of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, and percutaneous stone removal. In patients with certain types of urinary stones, medical treatment can greatly reduce the incidence of subsequent stone-forming episodes.
Perceptual organization in computer vision: a review and a proposal for a classificatory structure (1993)

The role of perceptual organization in computer vision systems is explored. This is done from four vantage points. A brief history of perceptual organization research in both humans and computer vision is offered. A classificatory structure in which to cast perceptual organization research to clarify both the nomenclature and the relationships among the many contributions is proposed. The perceptual organization work in computer vision in the context of this classificatory structure is reviewed. The array of computational techniques applied to perceptual organization problems in computer vision is surveyed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Histological and Clinical Evaluation of 3 Different Grafting Materials for Sinus Lifting Procedure Based on 8 Cases (2001)

The results indicate that DFBP resorbs earlier than PHA and DBBG in sinus lift procedures.
An automated system for testing surface acoustic wave gas sensors (1993)

An automated, reliable, and safe system for the unattended and safe testing surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors has been developed. The system includes the possibility to generate and/or dilute almost any gas or vapor and can easily be adapted for testing sensors or equipment other than SAW sensors. A large range of concentrations is achievable by the option of single-stage or two-stage dilution. The reliability of the gas generation system is guaranteed by the continuous monitoring of the concentration and the relative humidity of the gas generated as well as the temperature of the measuring cell. Aspecific sampling effects on the sensor response are excluded by using the same conditions (temperature, humidity, and flow rate) for the diluting and the reference gas flow.
A Study of Vitamin B12 Requirements in a Patient With Pernicious Anemia and Thyrotoxicosis: Evidence of an Increased Need for Vitamin B12 in the Presence of Hyperthyroidism (1970)

Abstract The response to small doses of vitamin B12 was studied in a woman with pernicious anemia and thyrotoxicosis. No response to 1 µg. per day occurred, but she did respond to 10 µg. per day. Fourteen months later when she was euthyroid, the patient did respond to 1 µg. per day. In another study, serum vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in a group of patients with hyperthyroidism than in a group of normal subjects. Seventeen of 20 patients with hyperthyroidism exhibited significantly higher serum vitamin B12 levels 5-8 months after becoming euthyroid. The results of these studies provide evidence for increased vitamin B12 requirements in the presence of hyperthyroidism. The greater need for vitamin B12 appears to be related to increased utilization and/or accelerated turnover imposed by increased metabolism.
Engineering Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics in Tumor (2018)

In the past 10 years, with the increase of investment in clinical nano-gene therapy, there are many trials that have been discontinued due to poor efficacy and serious side effects. Therefore, it is particularly important to design a suitable gene delivery system. In this paper, we introduce the application of liposomes, polymers, and inorganics in gene delivery; also, different modifications with some stimuli-responsive systems can effectively improve the efficiency of gene delivery and reduce cytotoxicity and other side effects. Besides, the co-delivery of chemotherapy drugs with a drug tolerance-related gene or oncogene provides a better theoretical basis for clinical cancer gene therapy.
Immunocytochemical localization of latent transforming growth factor‐β1 activation by stimulated macrophages (1999)

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) is secreted in a latent form consisting of mature TGF-β noncovalently associated with its amino-terminal propeptide, which is called latency associated peptide (LAP). Biological activity depends upon the release of TGF-β from the latent complex following extracellular activation, which appears to be the key regulatory mechanism controlling TGF-β action. We have identified two events associated with latent TGF-β (LTGF-β) activation in vivo: increased immunoreactivity of certain antibodies that specifically detect TGF-β concomitant with decreased immunoreactivity of antibodies to LAP. Macrophages stimulated in vitro with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide reportedly activate LTGF-β via cell membrane–bound protease activity. We show through dual immunostaining of paraformaldehyde-fixed macrophages that such physiological TGF-β activation is accompanied by a loss of LAP immunoreactivity with concomitant revelation of TGF-β epitopes. The induction of TGF-β immunoreactivity colocalized with immunoreactive betaglycan/RIII in activated macrophages, suggesting that LTGF-β activation occurs on the cell surface. Confocal microscopy of metabolically active macrophages incubated with antibodies to TGF-β and betaglycan/RIII prior to fixation supported the localization of activation to the cell surface. The ability to specifically detect and localize LTGF-β activation provides an important tool for studies of its regulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 178:275–283, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Compiler-Directed Array Interleaving for Reducing Energy in Multi-Bank Memories (2002)

With the increased use of embedded/portable devices such as smart cellular phones, pagers, PDAs, hand-held computers, and CD players, improving energy efficiency is becoming a critical issue. To develop a truly energy-efficient system, energy constraints should be taken into account early, in the design process; i.e., at the source level in software compilation and behavioral level in hardware compilation. Source-level optimizations are particularly important in data-dominated media applications that have become pervasive in energy-constrained mobile environments. This paper focuses on improving the effectiveness of energy savings from using multiple low-power operating modes provided in current memory modules. We propose a source level data space transformation technique called array interleaving that colocates simultaneously used array elements in a small set of memory modules. We validate the effectiveness of this transformation using a set of array-dominated benchmarks and observe significant savings in memory energy.
Liposome-Encapsulated (S)-1-(3-Hydroxy-2-Phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine for Long-Acting Therapy of Viral Retinitis (1996)

The effect of liposome-encapsulated (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC; cidofovir) was evaluated as prophylaxis in a rabbit model of experimentally induced retinitis caused by preretinal inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Cidofovir (100 micrograms) in liposomes (0.1 mL) was injected intravitreally 10-120 days before retinal inoculation with HSV-1. Twenty-two of 26 eyes pretreated with liposome-encapsulated cidofovir 10-60 days before HSV-1 inoculation were protected from experimentally induced retinitis, and 2 of 5 eyes pretreated 120 days before inoculation were protected. Intravitreal levels of cidofovir were low (0.7 microgram/mL) but detectable 120 days after injection. One 100-micrograms intravitreal injection of liposome-encapsulated cidofovir appears to have a remarkably potent and prolonged (up to 4 months) antiviral effect in this experimental model of HSV-1 retinitis. Since HPMPC is even more potent against cytomegalovirus than HSV-1, liposome-encapsulated cidofovir may prove to be effective local therapy for AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis.
The architecture of the human Rad54–DNA complex provides evidence for protein translocation along DNA (2001)

Proper maintenance and duplication of the genome require accurate recombination between homologous DNA molecules. In eukaryotic cells, the Rad51 protein mediates pairing between homologous DNA molecules. This reaction is assisted by the Rad54 protein. To gain insight into how Rad54 functions, we studied the interaction of the human Rad54 (hRad54) protein with double-stranded DNA. We have recently shown that binding of hRad54 to DNA induces a change in DNA topology. To determine whether this change was caused by a protein-constrained change in twist, a protein-constrained change in writhe, or the introduction of unconstrained plectonemic supercoils, we investigated the hRad54--DNA complex by scanning force microscopy. The architecture of the observed complexes suggests that movement of the hRad54 protein complex along the DNA helix generates unconstrained plectonemic supercoils. We discuss how hRad54-induced superhelical stress in the target DNA may function to facilitate homologous DNA pairing by the hRad51 protein directly. In addition, the induction of supercoiling by hRad54 could stimulate recombination indirectly by displacing histones and/or other proteins packaging the DNA into chromatin. This function of DNA translocating motors might be of general importance in chromatin metabolism.
Preparation of Uniform-Sized Polystyrene−Polyacrylamide Composite Microspheres from a W/O/W Emulsion by Membrane Emulsification Technique and Subsequent Suspension Polymerization (2004)

Uniform-sized polystyrene/polyacrylamide (PST−PAAm) composite microspheres were prepared from a water/oil/water (W/O/W) emulsion by using a glass membrane emulsification technique. An AAm aqueous solution was emulsified into an oil phase containing ST, initiator, Span 85, and PST by ultrasonification to obtain W/O primary emulsion. Then, the W/O emulsion was pressed through the uniform pores (5.25 μm) of a SPG (Shirasu porous glass) membrane into an outer aqueous solution to form uniform-sized W/O/W emulsion. PST was added to increase the viscosity of oil phase, retarding the phase separation between inner water phase and oil phase during the membrane emulsification process. After the W/O/W emulsion was polymerized, the uniform-sized composite particles around 20 μm were obtained. It was found that the spherical PAAm microdomains were distributed inside and on the surface of a composite particle; the number of PAAm domains on the surface was controllable by varying cross-linking density of the PST phase.