gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validated Quantitation of Underivatized Amino Acids in Human Blood Samples by Volatile Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Isotope Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Quantitation of amino acids in complex matrixes without derivatization is advantageous; however, difficulties exist in both the separation and the detection of those compounds. A validated method that is based on the use of volatile ion-pair liquid chromatography coupled to stable isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the simple and accurate quantitation of underivatized amino acids in biological samples. Sufficient separation of 22 underivatized amino acids was achieved on a C18 column in 36 min using perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as mobile phase modifiers. The collisionally activated dissociation spectra of the amino acids were investigated and the transitions of [M + H]+ --> [M + H - 46]+, which are specific to alpha-amino acids, were used for the detection of most amino acids and their stable isotopes. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.10-100 microg/mL, and the detection limits were 0.03-20 pmol on column. The quantitative results by this method were compared with those by an established OPA-derivatization HPLC method in the assay of 8 human serum samples, and better recovery and precision data of this method were observed. The method was also applied to the neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) with dry blood spots, and the results were satisfactory. This is the first time that all proteinogenic amino acids have been quantified directly from biological extracts without any kind of derivaization. The technique shows potential for routine determination of amino acids and analogous compounds in complex matrixes.
PipeOnline 2.0: automated EST processing and functional data sorting (2002)

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are generated and deposited in the public domain, as redundant, unannotated, single-pass reactions, with virtually no biological content. PipeOnline automatically analyses and transforms large collections of raw DNA-sequence data from chromatograms or FASTA files by calling the quality of bases, screening and removing vector sequences, assembling and rewriting consensus sequences of redundant input files into a unigene EST data set and finally through translation, amino acid sequence similarity searches, annotation of public databases and functional data. PipeOnline generates an annotated database, retaining the processed unigene sequence, clone/file history, alignments with similar sequences, and proposed functional classification, if available. Functional annotation is automatic and based on a novel method that relies on homology of amino acid sequence multiplicity within GenBank records. Records are examined through a function ordered browser or keyword queries with automated export of results. PipeOnline offers customization for individual projects (MyPipeOnline), automated updating and alert service. PipeOnline is available at http://stress-genomics.org.
The HyperSteel Package (1998)

The paper describes a new interactive computer teaching aid called HyperSteel and discusses how it has been used to supplement the course in Construction and Structure in the Auckland University School of Architecture. The HyperSteel package contains new material and represents an approach that is different from the conventional approach to university level teaching.
SOVIETS STUDY NUCLEAR PLANE CONCEPTS (1959)

The various proposals the Russians have under consideration for nuclear- powered aircraft are discussed. (T.R.H.)
Connectivity Theory : A New Approach to Modeling Non-Archie Rocks (2009)

So-called Archie rocks are characterized by a resistivity (RI) versus saturation that plots as a straight line on log-log scale, the line's slope being equal to - n where n is the saturation exponent. All rocks for which the RI has curvature qualify as non-Archie rocks. This paper presents a relationship (equation 6) that links the true formation resistivity R to saturation S w and formation porosity φ. This differs from Archie's equation in its simplest form by the introduction of a small term called water connectivity correction index (WCI) Χ w to correct for connectivity effects. This term helps to stabilize the single exponent in the model called the conductivity exponent /< - equivalent to Archie's equation when n = m. Amethod to derive analytical expressions for Χ w for various formations is introduced. Effective medium theory is used with a modified CRIM mixing law to model the WCI as a function of conductive structures and fluid parameters in the rock. The model agrees with predictions of Waxman-Smits and Dual-Water models for shaly sands (concave down curves) as well as experimental data obtained on strongly oil-wet rocks (concave up curves). Connectivity theory also provides insight as to why so many rocks satisfy Archie's model.
Efficient and Robust Non-Rigid Least-Squares Rectification of Medical Images. (2006)

Abstract- One of the major problems facing medical imaging is the presence of geometric distortions inherent in an imaging technique. Image registration techniques are often used to correct for such geometric perturbations. Recently, it was proposed that the SSD cost function can be evaluated efficiently using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to determine the optimal translation between two images. However, spatial distortions in medical images can be highly non-rigid in nature. This paper extends this efficient approach to allow for non-rigid alignment between two images through the use of patch correspondence and robust statistical model estimation techniques. This feature-based method is designed to be highly robust, making it suitable for aligning medical images with various forms of geometric distortions. Experimental results demonstrate high overall image rectification performance.
Prevention of progressive fibrosis in chronic renal diseases: Antifibrotic agents (2004)

Renal fibrogenesis can be induced by several injury mechanisms in different renal diseases, but ultimately produces identical fibrotic changes in the kidney. Recently, a number of agents that can inhibit extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation have been studied, suggesting a therapeutic utility in the treatment of fibrotic renal disease. Pirfenidone (PFD) is a small molecule that has shown efficacy in various models of renal damage with progressive disease. The apparent absence of toxicity in PFD suggests that it does not affect the normal ECM turnover. Relaxin, a hormone belonging to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family, has antifibrotic properties and has been used for a long time to induce transient remissions in patients with scleroderma. Only recently it has been shown to drastically reduce corticomedular scarring in animal models. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, has been shown to reduce glomerular and interstitial area, and prevent glomerular sclerosis even more effectively than enalapril. Finally, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), with its multiple biological activities on a wide variety of cells, has an organotrophic role in the regeneration and protection of various organs including the kidney. Both endogenous and exogenous HGF have shown suppressive effects on renal fibrosis and chronic renal damage in various animal models. The inhibition of pathological ECM accumulation and the modulation of fibrotic mechanisms with these new antifibrotic agents is an achievable goal and could confer further benefits beyond the current therapies used in the treatment of chronic renal diseases.
Isolation and Characterization of Smooth Muscle Cells from Rat Corpus Cavernosum Tissue for the Study of Erectile Dysfunction (2012)

We developed a two-stage tissue culture method utilizing a Matrigel-based sprouting culture system to facilitate stromal cell sprouting and an adherent culture system using D-valine to eliminate the contamination of fibroblasts into the smooth muscle cells.
A Photochemical Synthesis of Functionalized <i>trans</i>-Cyclooctenes Driven by Metal Complexation (2008)

Described is a scalable procedure for driving photochemical sytheses of trans-cyclooctene derivatives through metal complexation. During photoirradiation, reaction mixtures are continuously pumped through a column of a AgNO3-impregnated silica gel. The trans-cyclooctene derivative is selectively retained by the AgNO3-impregnated silica, but the cis-isomer elutes from the column back to the reaction flask, where it is photoisomerized and recirculated through the column. The method provides access to a range of usefully functionalized derivatives of trans-cyclooctene, including a derivative of 5-aza-trans-cyclooctene that underwent transannular cyclization upon treatment with bromine. The alkene stereochemistry is transferred with high fidelity to the hexahydropyrrolizine framework in the transannular cyclization.
Amperometric Thick-Film Strip Electrodes for Monitoring Organophosphate Nerve Agents Based on Immobilized Organophosphorus Hydrolase (1999)

An amperometric biosensor based on the immobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) onto screen-printed carbon electrodes is shown useful for the rapid, sensitive, and low-cost detection of organophosphate (OP) nerve agents. The sensor relies upon the sensitive and rapid anodic detection of the enzymatically generated p-nitrophenol product at the OPH/Nafion layer immobilized onto the thick-film electrode in the presence of the OP substrate. The amperometric signals are linearly proportional to the concentration of the hydrolyzed paraoxon and methyl parathion substrates up to 40 and 5 μM, showing detection limits of 9 × 10(-)(8) and 7 × 10(-)(8) M, respectively. Such detection limits are substantially lower compared to the (2-5) × 10(-)(6) M values reported for OPH-based potentiometric and fiber-optic devices. The high sensitivity is coupled to a faster and simplified operation, and the sensor manifests a selective response compared to analogous enzyme inhibition biosensors. The applicability to river water sampling is illustrated. The attractive performance and greatly simplified operation holds great promise for on-site monitoring of OP pesticides.
Amplification of optical delay by use of matched linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings (2004)

We describe the use of a matched linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pair as a key element in an adjustable optical delay line. This delay line has the unique property that the achievable optical group delay is orders of magnitude greater (factor of 10(2) in our experiment) than the actual physical displacement. We demonstrate operation of such an optical delay line over a delay range of 3.5 mm using a pair of matched 1300-nm chirped FBGs with a bandwidth of 20 nm each.
Tire Wet Traction—Explaining Performance Variation Using the ‘Criticality’ Concept (1996)

Abstract The results of four different wet traction evaluation techniques show that the relative performance for individual candidate tires is a function of the test conditions as well as tire design features. For a given tire, test conditions such as test speed, pavement texture and water depth determine the relative magnitude of two basic footprint lubrication modes (1) boundary layer (BL), with intimate contact and good grip which predominates at low speeds, high texture and minimal water depth, and (2) elastohydrodynamic (EHL), with minimal contact and poor grip which predominates at high speeds, low texture and deeper water. A concept called ‘critically’ is defined as the fraction of the footprint contact area in the EHL mode Knowledge of the test conditions permits an estimate of the relative critically of any testing operation. Definitive wet traction performance interpretation depends on criticallyy information since tests at low critically frequently show minimal differences (among candidate tires) while tests at high critically usually show a wide range of performance.
A novel trellis coded overlapping amplitude and pulse position modulation scheme for gamma-gamma channel free-space optical communication (2016)

A novel trellis coded-4×8 overlapping amplitude and pulse position modulation (TC-4×8AOPPM) scheme is proposed to enhance bit error rate (BER) performance of free-space optical communication (FSO) system. In addition, an uncoded AOPPM referential scheme is also designed. The schemes manage to decrease BER by designing gamma-gamma (GG) channel applicable decoding and demodulation methods. Simulation results of 8, 16 and 64-state TC-4×8AOPPM show 2.5-3.3 dB SNR gain against traditional TC-4×8AOPPM scheme respectively. Thus significant BER performance improvement is achieved and the reliability of the FSO system is also enhanced.
High-speed wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging (2004)

We report a time-gated wide-field video rate fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) system operating up to 29 Hz in both microscope and endoscope systems. Single-shot wide-field FLIM based on a novel four-channel gated intensifier is also reported.
Effect of Corticoids on Neutrophil Function: Inhibition of Antibody-Dependent Cell, Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) (1983)

Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HC) inhibited "in vitro" neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The drug effect was dose-dependent and completely reversible. The killing defect was partially overcome by increasing the density of the antibody on the target cells. However, HC added after the binding between effector and target cells was still able to inhibit in a similar dose-dependent way the cytotoxic activity. Our results suggest that HC interferes in a later step, after the effector/target interaction. Methyl-prednisolone and dexamethasone as well as HC were found to inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the neutrophil-mediated ADCC, whereas testosterone did not have any effect.
Physiological responses to glycerol ingestion during exercise (1991)

To study selected cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and hormonal responses to the consumption of glycerol solutions during exercise, nine subjects cycled for 90 min at 50% peak O2 uptake in a 30 degree C, 45% relative humidity environment. Beverages tested included a 10% glycerol solution (G), a 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage (CE), the 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage plus 4% glycerol (CEG), and a water placebo (WP) ingested at regular intervals during the first 60 min of exercise. The beverages were administered in counterbalanced order with subjects serving as their own controls. Ingestion of the glycerol solutions resulted in an increase in plasma osmolality and attenuation of the decrease in plasma volume associated with the WP treatment (P less than 0.05). Plasma renin activity was highest with WP (P less than 0.05), and G was associated with increased antidiuretic hormone levels (P less than 0.05). Ratings of perceived thirst were lowest for CEG and G, and the frequency of gastrointestinal distress was greatest for G (P less than 0.05). However, no differences among beverage treatments were observed for heart rate, esophageal temperature, sweat rate, ratings of perceived exertion, or changes in cortisol and aldosterone levels. These data indicate that there are no substantial metabolic, hormonal, cardiovascular, or thermoregulatory advantages to the consumption of solutions containing 4 or 10% glycerol during exercise.
Effects of Cu Dilution in IrMn on the Exchange Bias of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>CoFe</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>IrMn</mml:mi></mml:math>Bilayers (2007)

The effect of nonmagnetic dilution in metallic antiferromagnets (AFMs) on the exchange bias (EB) has been investigated from a structural, magnetic, and Monte Carlo simulation point of view in bilayers of CoFe/(IrMn)1-xCux. Dilution by Cu atoms throughout the volume of the AFM IrMn gives rise to an enhanced EB field (HEB) for 5 K<or=T<or=350 K. The thermoremanent magnetization of the sole AFM layer is also enhanced with dilution, shows qualitatively the same temperature dependence as HEB, and is at the origin of the EB mechanism. Monte Carlo simulations based on a Heisenberg model and temperature dependent uncompensated AFM moments confirm well the experimental results.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Malate Dehydrogenase (2015)

The activity of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH)is perturbed by solution crowding. Since specific movements of a surface loop in the region of the enzyme's active site have been implicated in the activity of this enzyme, it seems likely that flexibility of this and other portions of cMDH are important for kinetic activity. Solution crowding might limit that flexibility. We have examined the flexibility and conformational mobility of cMDH using molecular dynamic simulations. The enzyme, in the absence of cofactor and substrate, in the presence of cofactor only, and in the presence of cofactor and substrate, was examined in 100 ps simulations using the AMBER force field. In all simulations the protein was placed in a box of solvent water. The structure of cMDH, crystallized at high ammonium sulfate concentrations in the presence of NAD,was used as the starting structure. The cofactor was removed from the pdb file, the apo enzyme energy_minimized, and the dynamic simulation performed. Cofactor (NADH) was added to the structure that evolved during the molecular dynamics simulation of the apo enzyme. The complex was energy_minimized, and the simulation of the enzyme_cofactor complex performed. A similar process was followed for an enzyme_NADH_oxaloacetate complex. Results show the structure of cMDH changes relative to the crystalline enzyme during simulations. Active site ligand additions cause further perturbations. Flexible areas include the active site and the subunit interface. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Ohio Supercomputer Center.
A 54×54 bit multiplier with a new Redundant Binary Booth's encoding (2003)

A fast multiplier with a new Redundant Binary Booth's Encoding (RBBE) for Radix-8 has been developed. The new RBBE enables one to directly generate all Redundant Binary Partial Products (PP) including the hard multiple of 3/spl times/Multiplicand with no additional circuitry or time delay. Also, the use of TGs in Partial Product Selection Circuit permits the rapid generation of PPs. In this work, a word size of 54 bits is chosen to comply with the IEEE double-precision floating-point standard, which consists of one sign bit and 53 bits of fraction. Thus, the RBBE unit for Radix-8 generates 18 Redundant Binary PPs to be accumulated by a Redundant Binary Adder (RBA) tree. Due to the simplicity of the necessary interconnections between the adders, the RBA tree has a regular layout. The output of the RBA tree is in the Redundant Binary (RB) form, which needs to be converted to Standard Binary (SB) form. Although this conversion can be performed by a Carry Look Ahead (CLA) adder, a better conversion circuit has been designed to take advantage of the RB number system. The proposed design contains a converter of a higher speed and a lower transistor count. As a result, the proposed fast multiplier accepts two 54 bit SB numbers and produces a final product of 108 bit SB number.
Preparation of Recombinant HIV-1 Gag Protein and Assembly of Virus-Like Particles In Vitro (2009)

The mechanism of assembly of retroviruses is not fully understood. Purification of retroviral Gag protein and studying its solution state and assembly properties might provide insights into retroviral assembly mechanisms. Here we describe a rapid method for the purification of Gag and its subsequent assembly into virus-like particles in a defined system in vitro. The purification scheme does not use affinity tags, but purifies the native protein by virtue of its high affinity for phosphocellulose, a property presumably related to the affinity of Gag proteins for nucleic acids.
NF-κB regulates GDF-15 to suppress macrophage surveillance during early tumor development (2017)

Macrophages are attracted to developing tumors and can participate in immune surveillance to eliminate neoplastic cells. In response, neoplastic cells utilize NF-κB to suppress this killing activity, but the mechanisms underlying their self-protection remain unclear. Here, we report that this dynamic interaction between tumor cells and macrophages is integrally linked by a soluble factor identified as growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). In vitro, tumor-derived GDF-15 signals in macrophages to suppress their proapoptotic activity by inhibiting TNF and nitric oxide (NO) production. In vivo, depletion of GDF-15 in Ras-driven tumor xenografts and in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer delayed tumor development. This delay correlated with increased infiltrating antitumor macrophages. Further, production of GDF-15 is directly regulated by NF-κB, and the colocalization of activated NF-κB and GDF-15 in epithelial ducts of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma supports the importance of this observation. Mechanistically, we found that GDF-15 suppresses macrophage activity by inhibiting TGF-β-activated kinase (TAK1) signaling to NF-κB, thereby blocking synthesis of TNF and NO. Based on these results, we propose that the NF-κB/GDF-15 regulatory axis is important for tumor cells in evading macrophage immune surveillance during the early stages of tumorigenesis.
Stereospecific conversion of diosgenin to .alpha.-ecdysone (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific conversion of diosgenin to .alpha.-ecdysoneEun Lee, Y. T. Liu, Philippa H. Solomon, and K. NakanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 6, 1634–1635Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00422a086https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00422a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New anticoagulants (2008)

Selective inhibitors of specific coagulation factors have the potential to be more effective, safer, and easier to use than existing anticoagulants. Approval of one or more of these agents will lead to an improved drug armamentarium for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.