gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current Status of NBS Low-Power Laser Energy Measurement (1974)

A set of four electrically calibrated calorimeters is currently in use at the Boulder Laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards to calibrate and test devices for measuring average laser power in the range from 100 μW to 1 W and energies in the range 0.03 to 10 J. Laser sources used with these calorimeters are argon, krypton, helium-neon and neodymium-doped YAG, all CW, and pulsed YAG with pulse energies about 0.1 J and pulsewidths of about 200 μs and 30 ns. The calorimeters have been intercompared as a check on systematic errors. The national standard is taken as the average for three of the calorimeters of the current C4 design, because these were designed to permit better measurements of the absorptance and window transmittance. Deviations from the group average are -0.12, -0.01, and +0.13 percent. The earlier standard C3-1 differs from the group average by +0.21 percent.
Application of standardized patient in urologic teaching (2009)

In this article,the application of standardized patients(SP)in urologic teaching in Changhai Hospital of The Second Military Medical University was analyzed.At the same time,the training processes of the volunteerpatientswere described in detail.The disadvantages of SP were its high costs and finiteness to simulate important positive physical signs.However,this finiteness was successful made up by using volunteer medical students as SP and combining the application of simulators with SP.SP was approved as a feasible method for clinical training and assessment in urologic teaching.

Key words: 
Standardized patient; Clinical teaching; Urology
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase α (Ptpα) and Contactin Form a Novel Neuronal Receptor Complex Linked to the Intracellular Tyrosine Kinase Fyn (1999)

Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked receptors and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), both play key roles in nervous system development, although the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Despite lacking a transmembrane domain, GPI receptors can recruit intracellular src family tyrosine kinases to receptor complexes. Few ligands for the extracellular regions of RPTPs are known, relegating most to the status of orphan receptors. We demonstrate that PTPalpha, an RPTP that dephosphorylates and activates src family kinases, forms a novel membrane-spanning complex with the neuronal GPI-anchored receptor contactin. PTPalpha and contactin associate in a lateral (cis) complex mediated through the extracellular region of PTPalpha. This complex is stable to isolation from brain lysates or transfected cells through immunoprecipitation and to antibody-induced coclustering of PTPalpha and contactin within cells. This is the first demonstration of a receptor PTP in a cis configuration with another cell surface receptor, suggesting an additional mode for regulation of a PTP. The transmembrane and catalytic nature of PTPalpha indicate that it likely forms the transducing element of the complex, and we postulate that the role of contactin is to assemble a phosphorylation-competent system at the cell surface, conferring a dynamic signal transduction capability to the recognition element.
Reduction of Mating Potential of MaleHeliothisspp.1andSpodoptera frugiperda1in Field Plots Treated with Disruptants2 (1976)

A close correlation existed between the reductions in capture of males by ♀-baited traps and the reductions in mating by females (relative to controls) of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.) in small field plots treated with ( Z )-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate. Similar correlated reductions in trap capture and mating by Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were recorded in plots treated with ( Z,E )-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate. When these 2 chemicals were evaporated simultaneously from separate dispensers in the same plot, mating of H. zea and S. frugiperda females was reduced by 87 and 92%, respectively. In small field tests, ( Z )-l1-hexadecenal, a component of the H. virescens pheromone, reduced the mating of H. zea females by 85%. ( Z )-9-tetradecenal, another component of the H. virescens pheromone, was ineffective against H. zea but reduced the mating of H. virescens females by 95%.
Analysis of 40 Gb/s TDM-transmission over embedded standard fiber employing chirped fiber grating dispersion compensators (1998)

Nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ)- and return-to-zero (RZ)-transmission formats are investigated for 1.55 /spl mu/m 40 Gb/s fiber grating dispersion compensated standard fiber transmission. The RZ-format is shown to give a twofold increase in transmission distance compared with the conventional NRZ-format. In addition, a larger power margin is obtained at the expense of a reduced dispersion tolerance. System guidelines are proposed relating the pulse width, equalizer spacing, input power and maximum transmission distance. The results are compared with prior theoretical works at 40 Gb/s using equalizer fiber and optical phase conjugation.
Evaluation of PCR for the diagnosis of dermatophytes in nail specimens from patients with suspected onychomycosis (2012)

This study demonstrates that PCR has a higher positive and lower negative rate for detection of dermatophytes compared with KOH microscopy or culture. We suggest that PCR should be used as a complementary method for confirmation of clinically suspected dermatophytic onychomycosis.
Investigations into a circular patch antenna in a cylindrical cavity enclosure (2002)

An empirical formula for resonant frequency and simplified equivalent circuit model of a microstrip patch antenna in a circular cavity is presented. EEsof Touchstone simulations are used to validate the model. Based on the analysis and measured results different design curves are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel DOPO‐Based Diamine as Hardener and Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin Systems (2008)

Abstract 10‐Ethyl‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide ( 1 ) can be nitrated using acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid. The nitro group is reduced using palladium on charcoal and hydrogen. These reaction conditions are used for the synthesis of an analogous DOPO‐based diaminic hardener ( 7 ). An evaluation of the curing behavior, mechanical properties and flammability of a neat resin made of DGEBA and 7 (DGEBA + 7 ) and of a carbon fiber‐reinforced resin made of DGEBA, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfon (DDS) and 7 (DGEBA + DDS + 7 ) shows the potential of this hardener to lead to flame‐retardant systems while keeping relevant properties on a high level; especially when compared to a similar system (DGEBA + DDS + 1 ). magnified image
Metadata Extraction and Harvesting (2004)

Abstract This research explores the capabilities of two Dublin Core automatic metadata generation applications, Klarity and DC-dot. The top level Web page for each resource, from a sample of 29 resources obtained from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), was submitted to both generators. Results indicate that extraction processing algorithms can contribute to useful automatic metadata generation. Results also indicate that harvesting metadata from META tags created by humans can have a positive impact on automatic metadata generation. The study identifies several ways in which automatic metadata generation applications can be improved and highlights several important areas of research. The conclusion is that integrating extraction of harvesting methods will be the best approach to creating optimal metadata, and more research is needed to identify when to apply which method.
Pathogenicity islands: a molecular toolbox for bacterial virulence (2006)

Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are distinct genetic elements on the chromosomes of a large number of bacterial pathogens. PAIs encode various virulence factors and are normally absent from non-pathogenic strains of the same or closely related species. PAIs are considered to be a subclass of genomic islands that are acquired by horizontal gene transfer via transduction, conjugation and transformation, and provide 'quantum leaps' in microbial evolution. Data based on numerous sequenced bacterial genomes demonstrate that PAIs are present in a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens of humans, animals and plants. Recent research focused on PAIs has not only led to the identification of many novel virulence factors used by these species during infection of their respective hosts, but also dramatically changed our way of thinking about the evolution of bacterial virulence.
Practical authorization in large heterogeneous distributed systems (1992)

Requirements for access control, especially authorization, in practical computing environments are listed and discussed. These are used as the basis for a critique of existing access control mechanisms, which are found to present difficulties. A new mechanism, fire of many of these difficulties, is then described and critiqued.
‘Ferroelectric’ metals reexamined: fundamental mechanisms and design considerations for new materials (2016)

Free electrons suppress the ferroelectric instability of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, but not that of CaTiO<sub>3</sub>or the recently synthesized ‘ferroelectric’ metal LiOsO<sub>3</sub>.
Accelerated Laser Ageing Of Plastics (1989)

Novel polymer ageing treatments based on 276 nm and 308 nm excimer laser radiation are reported. Comparison of laser ageing with natural and conventional artificial ageing (weatherometer) treatments has begun. Preliminary results indicate that the laser treatments offer increased acceleration factors 3200:1 to 120,000:1 over natural ageing and 50:1 to 3500:1 over weatherometers. Thus the laser treatments offer the prospect of reducing testing times from several months to a few tens of minutes.
Skin Resistance and Galvanic Skin Response (1962)

The convenience of the galvanic skin response (GSR) and basal skin resistance (R) as indicators of autonomic activity has led to their widespread application in psychological and pharmacological investigations since the late 19th century, but the many fundamental controversies to be found in the literature testify to the questionable reliability of these measures.<sup>1-4</sup>They can nevertheless furnish dependable information about the level of sympathetic activity provided the various factors outside the nervous system which affect them are adequately controlled. These factors include skin temperature, current density, electrode composition and size, contact medium, and electronic circuitry as well as a miscellaneous group of variables.<sup>1,5-13</sup>To help establish the requirements for insuring reproducible measurements, we have systematically studied some of these variables and have examined the findings against the background of existing literature. Some material reported elsewhere has been summarized here in the interest of
Effect of Blank Time on Picture Recognition (1984)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of blank time between picture presentations on retention of two types of picture information: specific detail information and general visual information. A series of slides of "everyday" scenes was presented, and the blank time between slide presentations was varied. After presentation of the series of slides, memory for specific details and general visual information was probed using a forced-choice testing procedure. Although previous research failed to find blank-time effects using similar stimuli, it was thought that by keeping both slide presentation times and blank times constant within each experimental block, an effect of blank time might be found. The results indicated that retention of both specific details and general visual information was aided by the extra rehearsal opportunity afforded by longer blank times; there was no interaction between the type of information probed and the duration of blank time. It is suggested that because the blank-time variable affected retention of specific detail and general visual information equally, the two types of information may be held by a common coding system.
Facile Heterolytic H<sub>2</sub> Activation by Amines and B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2008)

Divide and conquer: Metal-free systems consisting of amines and B(C6F5)3 cleave H2 heterolytically at ambient pressure and often at room temperature. The efficient reduction of benzaldehyde by the product shown in the scheme highlights the potential of such systems for application in hydrogenation reactions.
Manual and automatic evaluation of machine translation between European languages (2006)

We evaluated machine translation performance for six European language pairs that participated in a shared task: translating French, German, Spanish texts to English and back. Evaluation was done automatically using the Bleu score and manually on fluency and adequacy.
Integration of Bioanalytical Measurements Using PK–PD Modeling and Simulation: Implications for Antibody–Drug Conjugate Development (2015)

Recent technological advances have enabled precise quantitation of various bioanalytical measurements pertaining to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). However, availability of bioanalytical data alone cannot guarantee the provision of correct go/no-go decisions at different stages of ADC development. Integration and comprehension of all the available data at each stage of ADC development is necessary to make a well informed and objective decision about moving the ADC forward to the clinic. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the application of PK-PD modeling and simulation for quantitative integration of diverse bioanalytical data available from different stages of ADC development. We have also elaborated on how similar bioanalytical data can be characterized using different models to gain distinct insights into ADC development.
Severe osteopetrosis, defective interleukin‐1 signalling and lymph node organogenesis in <i>TRAF6</i>‐deficient mice (1999)

The results identify TRAF6 as an essential component of ODF signalling pathway, and also show that TRAF6 plays pivotal roles in immune and inflammatory systems in vivo.
Consistency support for a decentralized management in close multiparty conferences using SIP (2004)

Distributed multimedia applications such as conference and collaborative applications require an appropriate conference management. Close group conferences like meetings, discussions, tele seminars, or consultations need a strictly controlled group membership. Current conference systems achieve this by using a centralized group server as specified in the H.32x standards. Decentralized approaches are scarcely used so far, although they are more flexible. They avoid infrastructure dependencies and single point of failure problems which are often encountered in group server approaches, e.g. in classical virtual private networks. A decentralized conference management requires a consistency support by the underlying communication service. The session initiation protocol (SIP) has become a widely applied protocol to support the signaling of multimedia applications in the Internet It is also applied to support multiparty conference applications. The great majority of these approaches is related to open group and centralized organized conferences. For closed decentralized managed conferences, no solutions have been proposed up to now. In this paper we present such a group communication service based on SIP that ensures the consistency of decentralized managed group data.
The paradox of compensated silicon (2008)

Compensated doping is typical of upgraded metallurgical silicon. The relatively low carrier mobility associated to high concentrations of both acceptors and donors leads to paradoxical effects on solar cell performance. While the short-circuit current is expected to decrease compared to non-compensated silicon of the same resistivity, the open-circuit voltage is predicted to increase when bulk recombination is the dominant loss mechanism. On the other hand, surface recombination is predicted to have a greater impact on compensated Si wafers and to result in a lower effective carrier lifetime. These effects are important to understand measurements of compensated Si wafers and devices.
Electrical property improvements of high-k gate oxide by <i>in situ</i> nitrogen incorporation during atomic layer deposition (2007)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for oxynitrides of high-k gate dielectrics employing NH4OH as a single source for reactants, water and NH3, was studied. By this method, nitrogen was incorporated up to 1–3at.% for ALD Al2O3 and Ta2O5 films from metal organic precursors. A comparative study with water based ALD showed that the electrical properties were improved. The leakage current of oxide films from NH4OH based ALD had been reduced and, more importantly, the dielectric strength was found to be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude from a time dependent dielectric breakdown measurement.
Active disks for large-scale data processing (2001)

As processor performance increases and memory cost decreases, system intelligence continues to move away from the CPU and into peripherals. Storage system designers use this trend toward excess computing power to perform more complex processing and optimizations inside storage devices. To date, such optimizations take place at relatively low levels of the storage protocol. Trends in storage density, mechanics, and electronics eliminate the hardware bottleneck and put pressure on interconnects and hosts to move data more efficiently. We propose using an active disk storage device that combines on-drive processing and memory with software downloadability to allow disks to execute application-level functions directly at the device. Moving portions of an application's processing to a storage device significantly reduces data traffic and leverages the parallelism already present in large systems, dramatically reducing the execution time for many basic data mining tasks.
2,4-Bis (aryloxy)pyrimidines as antimicrobial agents (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-Bis (aryloxy)pyrimidines as antimicrobial agentsDolly Ghosh and Mina MukherjeeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 6, 1237–1238Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00312a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00312a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Positive Displacement Pump Flow Ripple and Impedance (1996)

The secondary source method forms the British Standard for pump fluid-borne noise testing. This is a powerful technique but requires care in order to produce accurate results. This paper describes practical aspects for implementing the method. The requirements for the test rig, data acquisition system and analysis are detailed. The British Standard specifies that either mathematical modelling or linear interpolation is used on the source impedance measurements. A method for smoothing the impedance results is described in this paper, which is shown to give more repeatable results than linear interpolation. Some physically realistic mathematical models of pump impedance are described, and their use in determining the internal flow ripple discussed.
Detailed gene and allele content analysis of three homozygous KIR haplotypes (2006)

The killer immunoglobulin-like receptors are a highly polymorphic family of receptors encoded by 15 genes clustered on 19q13.4. Because of the complexity of the genetic analysis of the KIR cluster, much of the data regarding KIR sequences and alleles has been generated by cDNA typing and partial sequencing. Here we report the genomic sequencing of the KIR genes in individuals with three different haplotypes homozygous by descent. We provide a detailed analysis of their haplotypes and identify new alleles for KIR3DL3 and KIR2DL1. The primers we describe will be a valuable tool for studying the involvement of the KIR genes in various human diseases.
Bioinspired Multifunctional Foam with Self‐Cleaning and Oil/Water Separation (2013)

Abstract Oil/water separation is a worldwide challenge. Learning from nature provides a promising approach for the construction of functional materials with oil/water separation. In this contribution, inspired by superhydrophobic self‐cleaning lotus leaves and porous biomaterials, a facile method is proposed to fabricate polyurethane foam with simultaneous superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. Due to its low density, light weight, and superhydrophobicity, the as‐prepared foam can float easily on water. Furthermore, the foam demonstrates super‐repellency towards corrosive liquids, self‐cleaning, and oil/water separation properties, possessing multifunction integration. We expect that this low‐cost process can be readily and widely adopted for the design of multifunctional foams for large‐area oil‐spill cleanup.
The position of women in Kazakhstan in the interwar years (1985)

(1985). The position of women in Kazakhstan in the interwar years. Central Asian Survey: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 75-114.
Construction and characterization of isogenic mutants of Streptococcus mutans deficient in major surface protein antigen P1 (I/II) (1989)

The gene (spaP) coding for the Streptococcus mutans major surface protein antigen P1 (or I/II) has been cloned into Escherichia coli (S. F. Lee, A. Progulske-Fox, and A. S. Bleiweis, Infect. Immun. 56:2114-2119, 1988). In the present study, this gene has been disrupted in vitro by insertional inactivation with pVA981, which carries a Tcr marker, and transformed into S. mutans NG8 (serotype c) by electroporation. Upon homologous recombination, the defective spaP was integrated into the genome as demonstrated by Southern hybridization analysis. One Tcr mutant, designated 834, selected by its nonreactivity with anti-P1 monoclonal antibodies, was found to lack the cell surface fuzzy layer which was clearly present on the parent cells. Analysis of extracellular fluids, sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized membranes, and cytoplasmic fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that 834 had protein profiles identical to the parent. However, a 185-kilodalton protein which reacts with anti-P1 antibodies was missing from the wall of 834, suggesting that spaP has been specifically inactivated. This mutant displayed levels of glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase activities similar to those of the parent. It was much less hydrophobic than the parent. S. mutans NG8 aggregated readily in the presence of clarified whole saliva or a high-molecular-weight salivary agglutinin. This strain also adhered to agglutinin-coated hydroxyapatite. The P1-negative mutants, however, did not display these two properties, suggesting that P1 may play a role in saliva-mediated aggregation and adherence.