gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Esophagus in Relation to the Heart, Aorta, and Thoracic Cage (1935)

SINCE 1910, roentgenologists have manifested greater interest in the study of the position of the esophagus in the presence of cardio-vascular diseases. Kovacs and Stoerk (1) are apparently the first to introduce the subject, with a study of the position of the esophagus in the presence of cardiac enlargement. After a long interval of silence, there appeared, in 1924, an excellent study of this subject by Gabert (2), who made a detailed analysis of the changes that take place in the position of the esophagus as a result of dilatation of the left auricle. The following year Rosler and Weiss (3) contributed a paper on the position of the esophagus in the presence of enlargement of the left auricle. In this country, Rigler published two papers, one (4), in 1929, in which he reported the results of his study of the visualized esophagus in the diagnosis of diseases of the heart and aorta; the other (5), in 1933, dealt with the roentgenologic differentiation of lesions of the right and left heart and their relation to the position of the esophagus. In 1930, Paterson (6) contributed a paper in which he discusses the position of the esophagus and bronchi in the presence of left auricular enlargement. A review of the above papers reveals a very important omission, namely, the failure to describe the normal position of the heart and aorta and their relation to the esophagus, spine, and thoracic walls in the lateral aspect of the chest. It is quite apparent that, without an accurate knowledge of the exact position and relation of the above structures, no correct interpretation can be made from a change in the position of the esophagus. We also note that the chief interest of the authors consists in the study of the position of the esophagus in the presence of dilatation of the left auricle. In our studies during a period of several years we came across a number of abnormal conditions which may affect the position of the esophagus. It was found that a change in the position of the esophagus does not take place in haphazard manner, but usually follows a certain direction, depending upon the underlying cause. The following abnormal conditions were found to affect the position of the esophagus to a more or less degree: 1. Thoracic deformities; 2. Pleuro-pulmonary affections; 3. Mitral valve lesions; 4. Aortic valve lesions; 5. General enlargement of the heart with or without aortic dilatation; 6. Congenital heart diease; 7. Dilatation of the aorta with or without aneurysms; 8. Pericarditis with or without effusions. The roentgenologic study of the position and relations of the esophagus has received our attention in previous publications (7, 8, and 9). For purposes of completeness, a brief review will be presented.
Inhibition of Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Tiam1-Rac Signaling (1997)

Tiam1 encodes an exchange factor for the Rho-like guanosine triphosphatase Rac. Both Tiam1 and activated RacV12 promote invasiveness of T lymphoma cells. In epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, Tiam1 localized to adherens junctions. Ectopic expression of Tiam1 or RacV12 inhibited hepatocyte growth factor-induced scattering by increasing E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion accompanied by actin polymerization at cell-cell contacts. In Ras-transformed MDCK cells, expression of Tiam1 or RacV12 restored E-cadherin-mediated adhesion, resulting in phenotypic reversion and loss of invasiveness. These data suggest an invasion-suppressor role for Tiam1 and Rac in epithelial cells.
Lithium, zinc and scandium complexes of phosphorylated salicylaldimines: synthesis, structure, thermochemical and photophysical properties, and application in OLEDs (2013)

The reaction of phosphorylated salicylaldimines containing the PO group either directly attached to the central benzene core (1a) or connected with it via a methylene unit (1b) with lithium and scandium hexamethyldisilazides readily afforded [κ3-O,N,O-(L–H)Li]2 (2a,b) and [κ2-O,N-(L–H)3Sc] (3a,b) (L – ligand) complexes in high yields. The treatment of 1b with Et2Zn in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline led to zinc(II) complex 4b of (L–H)2Zn(phen) composition featuring a bidentate coordination mode of both salicylaldiminate ligands without participation of the phosphoryl groups. The structures of the complexes obtained were confirmed by the IR spectroscopic data and, in some cases, X-ray diffraction analysis. The thermal behavior of compounds 1a,b and 4b was studied by DSC. The temperature dependences of saturated vapor pressures of ligands 1a,b and complexes 2a, 4b were measured by the Knudsen effusion method. The thermodynamic parameters characterizing crystal-to-gas phase transitions were calculated. The complexes obtained were shown to possess weak photoluminescence in THF solution at room temperature. The unoptimized three-layer OLEDs based on 2a,b and 3a,b emit green light of low and moderate intensity.
Measuring Variance between Smartphone Energy Consumption and Battery Life (2013)

A case study reveals that energy savings do not always translate to longer smartphone battery life and that evaluating any savings plan must be based on battery consumption, not energy used.
Quasisteady State in the Stimulated Brillouin Scattering of Liquids (1968)

Measurements of stimulated Brillouin scattering in C${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, ethyl ether, and $n$-hexane with high time resolution (0.3 nsec) reveal a quasistationary state for most of the laser pulse. Conversion efficiencies between 70 and 90% were obtained. The linear relationship between Brillouin power and laser power, and the dependence of the conversion efficiency on the cell length, are in agreement with a stationary theory of stimulated Brillouin scattering. The steady-state gain factors were determined for three liquids and compared with values calculated from hypersonic data. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental gain factors is satisfactory.
Measurement Issues in Anthropometric Measures of Limb Volume Change in Persons at Risk for and Living with Lymphedema: A Reliability Study (2015)

Understanding whether a true change has occurred during the process of care is of utmost importance in lymphedema management secondary to cancer treatments. Decisions about when to order a garment, start an exercise program, and begin or end therapy are based primarily on measurements of limb volume, based on circumferences taken by physiotherapists using a flexible tape. This study aimed to assess intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of measurements taken by physiotherapists of legs and arms with and without lymphedema and to evaluate whether there is a difference in reliability when measuring a healthy versus a lymphedematous limb. The intra-rater reliability of arm and leg measurements by trained physiotherapist is very high (scaled standard error of measurements (SEMs) for an arm and a leg volume were 0.82% and 0.64%, respectively) and a cut-point of 1% scaled SEM may be recommended as a threshold for acceptable reliability. Physiotherapists can rely on the same error when assessing lymphedematous or healthy limbs. For those who work in teams and share patients, practice is needed in synchronizing the measurements and regularly monitoring their inter-rater reliability.
The effect of porosity on the superconducting properties of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub>ceramic (1988)

The authors report electrical and magnetic measurements on samples of YBa2Cu3Ox ceramic of different porosities which reveal the connection between porosity and the superconducting properties of the ceramic.
Centro de apoyo a la Industria Cerámica FUNDATEC-Instituto Universitario de Tecnología (1997)

Dentro del objetivo del Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio de servir de organo de difusion de los centros que desarrollan actividades de Investigacion y Desarrollo en los campos ceramicos y del vidrio en Latinoamerica, se incluye a continuacion un resumen de las actividades de uno de los centros mas relevantes en Venezuela El Instituto Universitario de Tecnologia Dr. Federico Rivero, radicado en Caracas con sus cerca de 3.000 estudiantes y su orientacion hacia una ensenanza aplicada, constituye uno de los centros suministradores de cuadros tecnicos para la industria venezolana. Al mismo tiempo y a traves de la Fundacion para el Desarrollo y la Asesoria Tecnologica contribuye a elevar el nivel tecnologico de las mismas. Los paises en vias de desarrollo poseen en muchas ocasiones, un potencial humano y equipos tecnicos total o parcialmente desconocidos por su propio entorno. Es asi como, a veces, se pierden oportunidades de desarrollo presentadas por sus propias expectativas.
Recognizing color patterns irrespective of viewpoint and illumination (2003)

New invariant features are presented that can be used for the recognition of planar color patterns such as labels, logos, pictograms, etc., irrespective of the viewpoint or the illumination conditions, and without the need for error prone contour extraction. The new features are based on moments of powers of the intensities in the individual color bands and combinations thereof. These moments implicitly characterize the shape, the intensity and the color distribution of the pattern in a uniform manner. The paper gives a classification of all functions of such moments which are invariant under both affine deformations of the pattern (thus achieving viewpoint invariance) as well as linear changes of the intensity values of the color bands (hence, coping with changes in the irradiance pattern due to different lighting conditions and/or viewpoints). The discriminant power and classification performance of the new invariants for color pattern recognition is tested on a data set of images of outdoors advertising panels. A comparison to moment invariants presented in literature is included as well.
Selective Discharge of Electrostatic Charges on Electrets Using a Patterned Hydrogel Stamp (2010)

Malen mit Wasser: Ein topographisch gemusterter Stempel aus Agarosehydrogel wird genutzt, um Wasser – zum Zweck einer selektiven Entladung – auf einheitlich geladene PMMA-Elektrete zu drucken. Die hochaufgelösten elektrostatischen Ladungsmuster, die durch diesen einfachen Ansatz erzeugt werden, können die Reduktion von Metallionen induzieren und ermöglichen so die Herstellung von mikro- und nanoskaligen Metallstrukturen. PMMA=Polymethylmethacrylat.
Documentation, standardization and improvement of the construction process in house building (2005)

There is growing interest in the industrialization of house building methods in the UK. Much of the focus has been on the use of manufactured structural components, which addresses the inherent problems of reliance on ‘wet trades’ but not of the quality and efficiency of the assembly and ‘fitting’ processes on site. The house building process has tended to develop more through custom and practice rather than formal analysis of methods. There is a lack of standards, and of mechanisms for process review or sharing knowledge and good practice. The result is significant process variability on site. Process documentation is a rigorous description of a process, procedure or policy to facilitate training, and development of consistency of operations and standards. The paper presents work on a process documentation system, and discusses the organizational changes needed to create the cultural environment for process standardization and improvement.
MONOPHASIC BUT NOT BIPHASIC PULSES INDUCE BRAIN TISSUE DAMAGE DURING MONOPOLAR HIGH-FREQUENCY DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION (2009)

In conclusion, this study proved that HFS using monophasic pulses systematically created tissue damage after 5 minutes of stimulation at 100 microA. HFS is safe when biphasic pulses are used for intensities as high as 2 mA and durations as long as 120 minutes. Monophasic pulses can be safely used only during short stimulation and at low intensities.
A New EPS Control Strategy Based on Feedback of Yaw Rate and Lateral Acceleration (2007)

In this study, a new Electric Power Steering(EPS) control strategy based on feedback of vehicle yaw rate and lateral acceleration was investigated for the improvement of vehicle steering stability and increase of vehicle dynamic performance. An integrated control model based on EPS system model including steering resistance torque and full-car 3 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) dynamic model was developed. Various step inputs and sinusoidal inputs were applied to the integrated control model for simulation and the resulting performance was analyzed. In addition,real vehicle test was carried out. The results revealed that the proposed EPS control strategy can provide good performance of stability and controllability of the vehicle, also can reduce the rise time, the adjust time and the overshoot.
A comparison of OS extension technologies (1996)

The current trend in operating systems research is to allow applications to dynamically extend the kernel to improve application performance or extend functionality, but the most effective approach to extensibility remains unclear. Some systems use safe languages to permit code to be downloaded directly into the kernel; other systems provide in-kernel interpreters to execute extension code; still others use software techniques to ensure the safety of kernel extensions. The key characteristics that distinguish these systems are the philosophy behind extensibility and the technology used to implement extensibility. This paper presents a taxonomy of the types of extensions that might be desirable in an extensible operating system, evaluates the performance cost of various extension technologies currently being employed, and compares the cost of adding a kernel extension to the benefit of having the extension in the kernel. Our results show that compiled technologies (e.g. Modula-3 and sof...
How Big A Step Is ‘Next Steps’? Industrial Relations Developments In Civil Service Executive Agencies (1993)

Susan Corby, who is Senior Lecturer in Industrial Relations at the Manchester Metropolitan University, looks at industrial relations developments in the new ‘Next Steps’ Civil Service agencies which carry out the executive functions of government. She argues that the initiative is turning out to be a very large ‘step’ indeed. There is a trend towards agency autonomy on terms and conditions and away from Service‐wide prescription. Against this, however, are countervailing pressures. Thus Treasury control for macro‐economic reasons sits uneasily with agency autonomy. Collectivist traditions operate against the new individualism and the public services ethos operates against entrepreneurial management.
[Effect of delta-sleep-inducing peptide and its analogs on the encephalogram of normal rabbits during sleep deprivation and on learning processes in the rat]. (1983)

The delta-sleep-inducing peptide and its 10 analogues increased the total amount of slow oscillations in the rabbit EEG and shifted the spectrum towards the long-wave area. When comparing the EEGs of intact and sleep--deprived rats, the effect of delta-peptide was stronger in the latter animals. The learning of rats in U-shaped labyrinth before and after sleep deprivation suggested that delta-peptide improved the learning in sleep-deprived animals. Experiments with negative influences showed that the delta-peptide could be a protective anti-stress factor.
Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Reduce Proteinuria (2010)

Membranous nephropathy is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Recent reports suggest that treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) reduces proteinuria, but the mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we identified gene expression of the melanocortin receptor MC1R in podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and tubular epithelial cells. Podocytes expressed most MC1R protein, which colocalized with synaptopodin but not with an endothelial-specific lectin. We treated rats with passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) with MS05, a specific MC1R agonist, which significantly reduced proteinuria compared with untreated PHN rats (P < 0.01). Furthermore, treatment with MC1R agonists improved podocyte morphology and reduced oxidative stress. In summary, podocytes express MC1R, and MC1R agonism reduces proteinuria, improves glomerular morphology, and reduces oxidative stress in nephrotic rats with PHN. These data may explain the proteinuria-reducing effects of ACTH observed in patients with membranous nephropathy, and MC1R agonists may provide a new therapeutic option for these patients.
A vehicular rooftop, shark-fin, multiband antenna for the GPS/LTE/cellular/DSRC systems (2014)

A shark-fin rooftop multiband antenna for the automotive industry is proposed. The antenna system receives Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) satellite signals for the Global Positioning System's (GPS) L1-Band and Vertically Linearly Polarized (VLP) signals for the Long Term Evolution (LTE), the cellular frequencies, the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) and the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) system. A ceramic patch antenna element was used for the GPS signals and a printed monopole utilizing printed ground sleeve technique for the cellular and LTE signals. A study of four potential DSRC antenna elements to determine the appropriate antenna element location within the antenna cover to obtain optimum performance is also presented and discussed in detail. The antenna module was measured on a 1-meter diameter ground plane and on a vehicle roof model. The design and measurements results are presented and discussed below.
Crystallinity and Thermoelectric Properties of Si/GeB Multilayers Prepared with Si Buffer Layer and SiO<sub>2</sub> Substrates (2009)

Si/GeB multilayers were prepared by ion-beam sputtering technique and the effect of the crystallinity on thermoelectric properties was investigated. The crystallinity of the samples was controlled using Si buffer and SiO2 layers. Samples prepared on the Si buffer layer show similar properties to samples prepared on a Si wafer without the buffer layer. Moreover, it is found that the resistivity of the samples prepared on the Si buffer layer is lower than that of the samples prepared on the Si wafer without the buffer layer because of the surface cleaning effect. On the other hand, samples prepared on SiO2 show poor thermoelectric properties. These results are caused by the change in the crystallinity and periodicity, which are related to the carrier confinement effect. After thermal annealing, it is found that the multilayer structure is degraded rapidly and that the sign of the thermoelectric power is changed. This is considered to be caused by crystalline defects in the interfaces due to the collapse of the multilayer structure.
Parameter Dependence of Pore Formation in Silicon within a Model of Local Current Bursts (2000)

The chemical reactions at the pore tip depend strongly on the choice of the electrolyte. They define the chemical transfer rate, properties and kinetics of the surface passivation, and ultimately the crystal orientation dependence of pore formation. In addition, there exists a number of processes which stabilize pore growth on length scales from several nm up to several 100 μm and determine, or at least influence, the size of pores: The potential distribution, carrier generation mechanisms and diffusion processes. We present a new model assuming a dissolution process which is inhomogeneous in time and in space (i.e. a local current burst). The time scales of the current bursts and the correlation length between these current bursts define additional time and length scales for the chemical dissolution processes at the silicon–electrolyte interface which support or even overrule the length scales of the stabilizing processes listed above. This allows to design an electrolyte (using e.g. diverse organic electrolytes and oxidizing and proton supplying ingredients) to optimize macropore growth in a wide range of materials and on length scales not possible in aqueous electrolytes.
Menin regulates pancreatic islet growth by promoting histone methylation and expression of genes encoding p27 <i> <sup>Kip1</sup> </i> and p18 <i> <sup>INK4c</sup> </i> (2005)

Menin, the product of the Men1 gene mutated in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), regulates transcription in differentiated cells. Menin associates with and modulates the histone methyltransferase activity of a nuclear protein complex to activate gene expression. However, menin-dependent histone methyltransferase activity in endocrine cells has not been demonstrated, and the mechanism of endocrine tumor suppression by menin remains unclear. Here, we show that menin-dependent histone methylation maintains the in vivo expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors to prevent pancreatic islet tumors. In vivo expression of CDK inhibitors, including p27 and p18, and other cell cycle regulators is disrupted in mouse islet tumors lacking menin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies reveal that menin directly associates with regions of the p27 and p18 promoters and increases methylation of lysine 4 (Lys-4) in histone H3 associated with these promoters. Moreover, H3 Lys-4 methylation associated with p27 and p18 is reduced in islet tumors from Men1 mutant mice. Thus, H3 Lys-4 methylation is a crucial function of menin in islet tumor suppression. These studies suggest an epigenetic mechanism of tumor suppression: by promoting histone modifications, menin maintains transcription at multiple loci encoding cell cycle regulators essential for endocrine growth control.
Torsion of Wandering Spleen (2023)

Absent or abnormal laxity of splenic ligaments may give rise to a rare condition called wandering spleen. This condition can be difficult to diagnose due to its non-specific symptoms and clinical findings which are often missed or the patient presents late with a life-threatening complication.
Design issues of an IPM motor for EPS (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the design procedure of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor used in electric power steering (EPS), and some critical issues which have considerable impacts on the machine's performance are fully discussed before detailed sizing optimization. Design/methodology/approach The design specifications are derived according to application overall requirements. Critical issues which have considerable impacts on the machine's performance, such as operation mode, rotor structure and slot/pole combination, are analyzed based on literature review. The proposed machine is optimized, and the losses and efficiency are computed, using 2-D finite element analysis (FEA). Findings Before detailed sizing optimization, machine type selection is fully discussed. Aspects such as brushless ac (BLAC) operation mode, IPM rotor structure and combination of 12-slot/10-pole are quite suitable for EPS application. Consequently, a 12-slot/10-pole sinusoidally excited IPM machine with concentrated windings is selected, since it is convenient to obtain sinusoidal back electromotive force (back-EMF), minimum cogging torque and torque ripple, short end windings and high efficiency, as well as simple rotor assembly. The estimated excellent performance confirms that the proposed machine can be an attractive solution for EPS. Research limitations/implications The excitation current is ideal sinusoidal, while some harmonic components are neglected. Besides, in future, the experimental test should be carried out for validation. Originality/value A reasonable design procedure, where the motor type selection should be first addressed before detailed sizing design, is carried out. A 12-slot/10-pole sinusoidally excited IPM machine with concentrated windings is provided as a quite competitive candidate for EPS application.