gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Contribution of Training Datasets using Shapley Values in Data-scale for Visual Recognition (2021)

In this paper, we propose a method to measure contributions of multiple datasets i.e. how much a specific dataset contributes to improve accuracy of the model. Our method is based on shapley value, of which purpose is to measure contribution by difference of the accuracy of the models. Unlike previous method, our method first converts the accuracy to data-scale measurements using fitted log curve. We calculate contributions in a fair way that each trials are evaluated not by its improvements of accuracy, but by the number of data needed to make the improvements. Our method can avoid overestimation of contributions in small data cases. To evaluate the proposed method, we trained models for Person Re-Identification tasks with combinations of datasets, and calculated contributions of each datasets. Results show that the proposed metrics can effectively reduce the over-estimations in small data cases, while the contributions maintain good properties such as local accuracy and additive law derived from shapley value definition. We also proposed normalization of shapley values in data-scale by its actual number of instances, which indicates intrinsic importance of a dataset per instance.
Fast and Efficient Implementation of AES via Instruction Set Extensions (2007)

Efficient implementation of block ciphers is critical towards achieving both high security and high-speed processing. Numerous block ciphers, including the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), have been proposed and implemented, using a wide and varied range of functional operations. Existing microprocessor architectures do not provide this broad range of support. However, the advent of intellectual property (IP) processor cores presents the opportunity to augment existing datapaths with instruction set extensions to add acceleration modules in the form of new instructions. We will present a general purpose instruction set extension to a 32-bit SPARC V8 compatible processor core that accelerates the performance of Galois Field fixed field constant multiplication, a core element of the AES algorithm. This extension will be shown to accelerate AES encryption versus pure software implementations at a small hardware cost. This matches the improvement demonstrated in previously proposed AES-specific instruction set extensions while maintaining a generalized implementation format capable of supporting other algorithms that use Galois Field fixed field constant multiplication.
Time resolution of NMOS sampling switches used on low-swing signals (1998)

A number of recently reported CMOS line receivers and downconversion mixers are based on sampling. A key component in these designs is the NMOS sampling switch. It can sample a very high bandwidth signal, several GHz for a 0.8-/spl mu/m transistor. We present an expression for the aperture time for an NMOS switch when the input has low swing. The switch can, under this condition, be modeled as a device that determines a weighted average over time of the input signal. The weight function is derived. The aperture time function shows that the maximum theoretical time resolution for a switch in 0.8-/spl mu/m standard CMOS is 21 ps (/spl sim/48 Gb/s). SPICE simulations agree with the theory. Transient two-dimensional (2-D) device simulations do not contradict the predicted results. Experiments on a switch made in a 0.8-/spl mu/m standard CMOS process show successful sampling of every thirty second bit of a 5-Gb/s data stream.
Reactive Compounds for Effective Utilization of Silica (1994)

Abstract Bis(diisopropyl)thiophosphoryl disulfide (DIPDIS), diisopropyl thiophosphoryl-N-oxydiethylene sulfenamide (DIPTOS), diisopropyl thiophosphory)-N-oxydiethylene disulfide (DIPTOD), diisopropyl thiophosphoryl-2-benzothiazole monosulfide (DIBMS), diisopropyl thiophosphoryl-2-benzothiazole disulfide (DIBDS) and bis(diisopropyl)thiophosphoryl monosulfide (DIPMS) react with silica and generate isopropyl alcohol as a result of rubber-DIPDIS-silica interactions. Increasing the amount of DIPDIS in the system brings about a corresponding increase in silica-rubber coupling, resulting in enhancement of ΔT f −ΔT g modulus and tensile strength. The vulcanizates containing 14 mmol DIPDIS and 35 phr of silica exhibit highest torque and tensile strength. This is commensurate with the optimum loading derived from Lee's method. The synergistic system containing DIPDIS and N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (OBTS) provides a very useful combination of accelerators. The vulcanizates obtained from this system exhibit highest torque and tensile value even at a lower concentration of accelerator (DIPDIS : OBTS = 7: 3.5) for the same loading of silica (35 phr).
Richardson-Lucy Deblurring for Scenes under a Projective Motion Path (2010)

This paper addresses how to model and correct image blur that arises when a camera undergoes ego motion while observing a distant scene. In particular, we discuss how the blurred image can be modeled as an integration of the clear scene under a sequence of planar projective transformations (i.e., homographies) that describe the camera's path. This projective motion path blur model is more effective at modeling the spatially varying motion blur exhibited by ego motion than conventional methods based on space-invariant blur kernels. To correct the blurred image, we describe how to modify the Richardson-Lucy (RL) algorithm to incorporate this new blur model. In addition, we show that our projective motion RL algorithm can incorporate state-of-the-art regularization priors to improve the deblurred results. The projective motion path blur model, along with the modified RL algorithm, is detailed, together with experimental results demonstrating its overall effectiveness. Statistical analysis on the algorithm's convergence properties and robustness to noise is also provided.
Performance of Generator protection during major system disturbances (2004)

Disturbance is an inherent part of any power system during the transition from one steady-state operating condition to the next. Protective relays may experience abnormal operating conditions during this transient period. This paper reviews various control actions that play a part during the transition and provides technical guidance to the industry on the application and setting of generator protective relays that can operate during major system disturbances.
Anomalous Nernst and thermal Hall effects in tilted Weyl semimetals (2017)

In the thermal Hall and Nernst effects, electric and heat currents, respectively, are induced perpendicular to an applied temperature gradient. Usually, such a response requires the application of a magnetic field. In contrast, here the authors establish that in Weyl semimetals -- semimetals with a linear conical energy dispersion around a set of points called Weyl nodes -- the Nernst effect can be realized without magnetic field, provided that the Weyl cones are tilted. This is the anomalous Nernst effect. It is significantly altered by the tilt of the Weyl cones, with Fermi surface contributions becoming important. Two experimental setups that would allow measuring both responses are discussed.
Vitamin E Imaging and Localization in the Neuronal Membrane (2005)

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) has been implicated in several cellular processes including signaling, transport, lipid membrane curvature, and several neurodegenerative disorders. Vitamin E imaging has been hindered by the inaccessibility of the molecule to traditional immunohistochemical methods. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), the distribution of major constituents in the cellular membrane of isolated neurons was investigated. There is a significant increase in the vitamin E signal at the soma-neurite junction compared to the cell as a whole (165 +/- 11% of that found across the cell, p = 0.004, n = 12). The observed membrane distribution suggests an important new role for vitamin E in neuronal function.
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Neurodegeneration after Controlled Cortical Impact in Mice: More than a Focal Brain Injury (2005)

The present study examined the neuropathology of the lateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in mice utilizing the de Olmos silver staining method that selectively identifies degenerating neurons and their processes. The time course of ipsilateral and contralateral neurodegeneration was assessed at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after a severe (1.0 mm, 3.5 M/sec) injury in young adult CF-1 mice. At 6 hrs, neurodegeneration was apparent in all layers of the ipsilateral cortex at the epicenter of the injury. A low level of degeneration was also detected within the outer molecular layer of the underlying hippocampal dentate gyrus and to the mossy fiber projections in the CA3 pyramidal subregions. A time-dependent increase in cortical and hippocampal neurodegeneration was observed between 6 and 72 hrs post-injury. At 24 h, neurodegeneration was apparent in the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal and dentate gyral granule neurons and in the dorsolateral portions of the thalamus. Image analysis disclosed that the overall volume of ipsilateral silver staining was maximal at 48 h. In the case of the hippocampus, staining was generalized at 48 and 72 h, indicative of damage to all of the major afferent pathways: perforant path, mossy fibers and Schaffer collaterals as well as the efferent CA1 pyramidal axons. The hippocampal neurodegeneration was preceded by a significant increase in the levels of calpain-mediated breakdown products of the cytoskeletal protein alpha-spectrin that began at 6 h, and persisted out to 72 h post-injury. Damage to the corpus callosal fibers was observed as early as 24 h. An anterior to posterior examination of neurodegeneration showed that the cortical damage included the visual cortex. At 168 h (7 days), neurodegeneration in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus had largely abated except for ongoing staining in the cortical areas surrounding the contusion lesion and in hippocampal mossy fiber projections. Callosal and thalamic neurodegeneration was also very intense. This more complete neuropathological examination of the CCI model shows that the associated damage is much more widespread than previously appreciated. The extent of ipsilateral and contralateral neurodegeneration provides a more complete anatomical correlate for the cognitive and motor dysfunction seen in this paradigm and suggests that visual disturbances are also likely to be involved in the post-CCI neurological deficits.
Electric load forecasting using an artificial neural network (1991)

An artificial neural network (ANN) approach is presented for electric load forecasting. The ANN is used to learn the relationship among past, current and future temperatures and loads. In order to provide the forecasted load, the ANN interpolates among the load and temperature data in a training data set. The average absolute errors of the 1 h and 24 h-ahead forecasts in tests on actual utility data are shown to be 1.40% and 2.06%, respectively. This compares with an average error of 4.22% for 24 h ahead forecasts with a currently used forecasting technique applied to the same data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
User Tracking for Access Control with Bluetooth Low Energy (2019)

The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a popular means for indoor user localization and tracking as it reflects the transmitter-receiver distance and is readily available in all current smartphones. Since fading, shadowing and antenna patterns cause severe RSSI fluctuations, many RSSI-based localization systems use fingerprinting instead of parameter estimation based on a channel model (e.g. trilateration from distance estimates). Fingerprinting however requires a large effort for training data acquisition and frequent updates in dynamic environments. In this paper we focus on wireless access control with BLE. We demonstrate that a practical implementation of such a tracking system can meet the typical demands of generic access control problems with low- complexity parameter estimation techniques, namely trilateration and optional Kalman filtering. Thereby, satisfactory accuracy is enabled by diversity (averaging in space, time and frequency), calibration and appropriate observation space modeling. We find that including the RSSI directly in the observation space renders trilateration obsolete, which reduces complexity even further.
A Nine-Switch-Converter-Based Integrated Motor Drive and Battery Charger System for EVs Using Symmetrical Six-Phase Machines (2016)

This paper presents a new configuration for integrated on-board battery chargers of electric vehicles (EVs) incorporating symmetrical six-phase machines. The configuration proposes an exclusive utilization of a nine-switch converter (NSC) along with the machine windings during both propulsion and charging of EVs. The proposed configuration has the advantage of employing a reduced number of components in both the EV (on-board) and charging station (off-board), with the privilege of avoiding machine electromagnetic torque production during charging/vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode of operation. During charging/V2G mode, the NSC is turned into a conventional three-phase pulse width modulation rectifier and is directly connected to the three-phase mains through the machine windings. Conventional three-phase transformers can be employed for galvanic isolation. Switching between propulsion and charging modes is carried out using a simple hardware reconfiguration. Control schemes for both propulsion and charging/V2G modes are elaborated, along with the principles of operation of the NSC. Experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical deductions for the different operating modes.
Provenance-Aware Tracing ofWorm Break-in and Contaminations: A Process Coloring Approach (2006)

To investigate the exploitation and contamination by self-propagating Internet worms, a provenance-aware tracing mechanism is highly desirable. Provenance unawareness causes difficulties in fast, accurate identification of a worm’s break-in point, and incurs significant log inspection overhead. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of process coloring, an efficient provenance-aware approach to worm break-in and contamination tracing. More specifically, process coloring assigns a "color", a unique system-wide identifier, to each remotely-accessible server or process. The color will then be either inherited by spawned child processes or diffused indirectly through process actions (e.g., read/write operations). Process coloring brings two major advantages: (1) It enables fast color-based identification of a worm’s break-in point even before detailed log analysis; (2) It naturally partitions log data based on their colors, effectively reducing the volume of log data that need to be examined for worm investigation. A tamper-resistant log collection method is developed based on the virtual machine introspection technique. Our experiments with a number of real-world worms demonstrate the advantages of processing coloring.
A Circuit-Based Neural Network with Hybrid Learning of Backpropagation and Random Weight Change Algorithms (2016)

A hybrid learning method of a software-based backpropagation learning and a hardware-based RWC learning is proposed for the development of circuit-based neural networks. The backpropagation is known as one of the most efficient learning algorithms. A weak point is that its hardware implementation is extremely difficult. The RWC algorithm, which is very easy to implement with respect to its hardware circuits, takes too many iterations for learning. The proposed learning algorithm is a hybrid one of these two. The main learning is performed with a software version of the BP algorithm, firstly, and then, learned weights are transplanted on a hardware version of a neural circuit. At the time of the weight transplantation, a significant amount of output error would occur due to the characteristic difference between the software and the hardware. In the proposed method, such error is reduced via a complementary learning of the RWC algorithm, which is implemented in a simple hardware. The usefulness of the proposed hybrid learning system is verified via simulations upon several classical learning problems.
Hydrogen-selective sensing at room temperature with ZnO nanorods (2005)

The sensitivity for detecting hydrogen with multiple ZnO nanorods is found to be greatly enhanced by sputter-depositing clusters of Pd on the surface. The resulting structures show a change in room- temperature resistance upon exposure to hydrogen concentrations in N2 of 10–500ppm of approximately a factor of 5 larger than without Pd. Pd-coated ZnO nanorods detected hydrogen down to &lt;10ppm, with relative responses of &gt;2.6% at 10ppm and &gt;4.2% at 500ppm H2 in N2 after a 10min exposure. There was no response at room temperature to O2. Approximately 95% of the initial ZnO conductance after exposure to hydrogen was recovered within 20s by exposing the nanorods to either air or pure O2. This rapid and easy recoverability make the Pd-coated nanorods suitable for practical applications in hydrogen-selective sensing at ppm levels at room temperature with &lt;0.4mW power consumption.
Role of Multidrug Resistance P-glycoproteins in Cholesterol Esterification (1997)

Cholesterol esterification, catalyzed by acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), plays a central role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis and in physiologic processes that lead to coronary heart disease. Although ACAT resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cholesterol substrate for esterification originates in the plasma membrane and must be transported to the ER for esterification. Progesterone inhibits esterification, possibly by blocking the transport of cholesterol to the ER. Recent studies suggest that progesterone acts by inhibiting the activity of one or more of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) P-glycoproteins. In the current manuscript, we demonstrate that progesterone's ability to inhibit esterification is not mediated through the progesterone receptor. We evaluate a series of steroid hormones and find a strong correlation between a steroid hormone's hydrophobicity and its ability to inhibit both cholesterol esterification and MDR-catalyzed drug efflux. We also find that cholesterol esterification is inhibited by nonsteroidal MDR inhibitors, and that this inhibition specifically affects the esterification of cholesterol derived from the plasma membrane. MDR inhibitors also inhibit cholesterol esterification in a wide range of cultured human cell lines. These observations suggest that MDR activity normally functions in a general process of intracellular cholesterol transport.
Changes in Cytokines of the Bone Microenvironment during Breast Cancer Metastasis (2012)

It is commonly accepted that cancer cells interact with host cells to create a microenvironment favoring malignant colonization. The complex bone microenvironment produces an ever changing array of cytokines and growth factors. In this study, we examined levels of MCP-1, IL-6, KC, MIP-2, VEGF, MIG, and eotaxin in femurs of athymic nude mice inoculated via intracardiac injection with MDA-MB-231(GFP) human metastatic breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231BRMS1(GFP), a metastasis suppressed variant, or PBS. Animals were euthanized (day 3, 11, 19, 27 after injection) to examine femoral cytokine levels at various stages of cancer cell colonization. The epiphysis contained significantly more cytokines than the diaphysis except for MIG which was similar throughout the bone. Variation among femurs was evident within all groups. By day 27, MCP-1, MIG, VEGF and eotaxin levels were significantly greater in femurs of cancer cell-inoculated mice. These pro-osteoclastic and angiogenic cytokines may manipulate the bone microenvironment to enhance cancer cell colonization.
Low noise YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> SQUID magnetometers operated with additional positive feedback (1996)

Three magnetometers based on dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) fabricated from YBa2Cu3O7−x have been operated in a magnetically shielded room using a flux-locked loop involving additional positive feedback with bias current reversal. Two of these devices, integrated multiloop dc SQUIDs with outer diameters of 7 mm, achieved white noise levels of 10 fT/√Hz for bicrystal junctions and 30 fT/√Hz for step-edge junctions. The third magnetometer involved a flux transformer with a 10×10 mm2 pickup coil connected to a 16-turn input coil which was inductively coupled to a bicrystal SQUID. This device achieved a white noise of 16.2 fT/√Hz. High quality magnetocardiograms were obtained without signal averaging.
Turning ideas into products (1987)

The Guide system is a successful commercial product that originally came out of some ideas of a research project. Unlike many other hypertext systems, Guide is aimed at naive users and authors in the personal computer market. This paper evaluates the basic principles of Guide, and describes the interplay between the product and the continuing hypertext research programme.
Pollock oil supplementation modulates hyperlipidemia and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet (2011)

We demonstrated that pollock oil supplementation effectively improved hyperlipidemia, attenuated hepatic steatosis, and downregulated the express of hepatic genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice with diet-induced obesity.
Cancer risk among patients with systemic sclerosis: a nationwide population study in Taiwan (2011)

SSc patients are at high risk of developing cancer, especially of the lung, oral cavity and pharynx, and blood.
Influence of auxiliary discharges on a multi-lamps backlight for large area LCD TVs (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. In this study a new model is presented for a direct lighting backlight arrayed with multi-lamps of the cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) and the external electrode fluorescent lamps (EEFLs). Avoiding the non-uniformity of luminance and the high voltage operation in a conventional direct lighting backlight driven by a single inverter power system for large area panels of LCD TVs, the auxiliary electrodes are placed under the reflection sheet in the backlight, of new model These electrodes lead to an auxiliary discharge at the center of the tube and also sustain the uniform field strength along the discharge tube inside of the longitudinal direction. These auxiliary discharges provide the luminance uniformity in each lamps and the low driving voltage.
Improved design of conical accelerators for decanter and pusher centrifuges (1996)

The simple cone-type feed accelerator commonly used for solid-bowl and screen-bowl decanter and pusher centrifuges delivers to the surface of the decanter pool or the pusher basket a tangenial speed far below the value of ΩR (the rim speed of the cone), with consequences adverse to performance. A novel, more effective cone accelerator is described. This has forward-curved vanes that produce overspeeding and a final unvaned section of cone — called a smoothener — which smears out the jets from the vanes into a nearly uniform conical sheet. Model tests in the laboratory were used for developing the new accelerator technology. Operation in the field has verified the expected improvements in capacity performance.