gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetrahydro[5]helicene-based imide dyes with intense fluorescence in both solution and solid state (2014)

A new kind of tetrahydro[5]helicene-based imide dyes with intense fluorescence and large Stokes shifts in both solution and solid state were developed and theoretically investigated.
The relationship between attentional blink and psychological refractory period. (2002)

This study examined the relationship between attentional blink (AB) and psychological refractory period (PRP) using a conventional AB procedure combined with a requirement of speeded responses to the second target (T2). Experiments 1 and 2 showed that, as with PRP, memory retrieval of targets is not a necessary condition for the occurrence of AB in terms of accuracy and that AB occurred in the speed data. Experiment 3 further indicated that the PRP-like speed data were not due to the first target serving as a warning signal that triggered preparation of responses to T2. Experiment 4 manipulated T2 stimulus intensity to be normal or low. Results showed an underadditive interaction between stimulus intensity and lag position in the speed data, whereas an overadditive interaction was found in the accuracy data, suggesting 2 sources of interference leading to AB: the single-channel bottleneck and resource-limited visual-processing capacity.
The effect of word frequency, word predictability, and font difficulty on the eye movements of young and older readers. (2006)

Young adult and older readers' eye movements were recorded as they read sentences containing target words that varied in frequency or predictability. In addition, half of the sentences were printed in a font that was easy to read (Times New Roman) and the other half were printed in a font that was more difficult to read (Old English). Word frequency, word predictability, and font difficulty effects were apparent in the eye movement data of both groups of readers. In the fixation time data, the pattern of results was the same, but the older readers had larger frequency and predictability effects than the younger readers. The older readers skipped words more often than the younger readers (as indicated by their skipping rate on selected target words), but they made more regressions back to the target words and more regressions overall. The E-Z Reader model was used as a platform to evaluate the results, and simulations using the model suggest that lexical processing is slowed in older readers and that, possibly as a result of this, they adopt a more risky reading strategy.
Physics of NMR spectroscopy in biology and medicine : Varenna on Lake Como, Villa Monastero, 8-18 July, 1986 (1988)

Preface (B. Maraviglia). The fundamentals of NMR (M. Goldman). Lectures on pulsed NMR (A. Pines). NMR studies of membranes and whole cells (M. Bloom). A brief account of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (R.R. Ernst). Magnetic relaxation of small-molecule nuclear spins in colloid systems (H. Wennerstrom). Magic-angle sample spinning (R.G. Griffin et al). Determination of the solution structure of proteins from NMR (O. Jardetzky and A.N. Lane). Studies of cholesterol orientational order and dynamics and the phase equilibria of cholesterol/phospholipid mixtures (J.H. Davis). Quantitative analysis of NMR signals in the time domain (H. Barkhuysen et al). Principles of NMR imaging (P. Mansfield). Pulse sequences for imaging: T 1 and T 2 dependence (J.M.S. Hutchison). Macromolecular spatial distribution by NMR (F. de Luca et al). In vivo NMR spectroscopy (J. Seelig). Sensitivity, probe design and spatial localization for in vivo NMR (P. Styles). Standardization in medical and biological NMR studies (M.A. Foster). The contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios in MRI (R. Campanella et al).
Young people first. (1995)

More than 50% of the world's population is less than 25 years old, with one in three people aged 10-24. In many countries, more than 50% of the population has unprotected penetrative sex before the age of 16. Under these circumstances, more than 50% of people infected with HIV are under age 25, with young women far more likely to be HIV-infected than men. Pubescent and post-pubescent youths undergo a host of normal physiological and psychological changes which cause them to desire sexual intercourse and take risks. Some have even more to cope with due to their being in poverty, homeless, unemployed, discriminated against for their homosexuality, and/or subject to violence. With limited access to information about sex and sexual development, and no access to counseling or sympathetic family planning services and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, adolescents produce many unwanted pregnancies and contract myriad STDs. An urgent need therefore exists to enable young people to protect themselves against HIV, other STDs, and unwanted pregnancy, and experience safe and healthy sexual development. Appropriate interventions include providing sex education in schools, working with youths in religious organizations, sports or youth clubs, using the media, and making family planning services more accessible. Whichever approach is taken, however, it is imperative that young people be understood, accommodated, and involved; that they be conferred the necessary skills, attitudes, and information; that they have access to services and sympathetic and knowledgeable adults; and that supportive environments be fostered.
Reduced divergence angle of photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2009)

The reduced divergence angle of the photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (PC-VCSEL) was investigated in both theory and experiment. The photonic crystal waveguide possessed the weakly guiding waveguide characteristic, which accounted for the reduction of the divergence angle. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method was used to simulate the designed PC-VCSEL, and a calculated divergence angle of 5.2° was obtained. The measured divergence angles of our fabricated PC-VCSEL were between 5.1° and 5.5° over the entire drive current range, consistent with the numerical results. This is the lowest divergence angle of the fabricated PC-VCSEL ever reported.
Enhancement of speech by adaptive filtering (2005)

In a variety of situations the problem of enhancing speech degraded by the presence of a competing speaker or background noise arises. A possible key to such enhancement
<i>p</i> ‐Nitrobenzoic Acid (2003)

Abstract p ‐nitrobenzoic acid product: p ‐nitrobenzoic acid
The reversible transverse susceptibility of particulate recording media (1993)

The reversible transverse susceptibility (RTS) of particulate recording media is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the orientational texture of the medium plays an important role in the RTS. The qualitative agreement between theory and experiment is good. However, discrepancies appear during the demagnetization process which can be associated with incoherent reversal mechanisms.
Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of Sertraline, a Potent Antidepressant, <i>via</i> a Novel Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition to Imine (1999)

[formula: see text] An efficient enantioselective synthesis of sertraline, an antidepressant, utilizing anionic imine ring closure is described.
Application of chemometric experimental designs in capillary electrophoresis: A review (1995)

Various chemometric experimental designs have been employed for the optimisation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. Similar designs have been utilised in the assessment of the robustness of CE methods. The designs employed include central composites, fractional factorials, Plackett-Burman, simplex and overlapping-resolution mapping. Optimisation studies have largely concentrated on the use of these designs on selection of the optimal electrolyte composition. The robustness testing studies performed have involved the use of screening designs to identify the critical parameters affecting responses such as migration times and resolution. Further designs such as central composites have then been employed to set method limits following robustness studies. It is concluded that the use of experimental designs and statistical data evaluation in conjunction with personal computer-controlled CE autosamplers and instruments are of great benefit in the optimisation and robustness evaluation of CE methods.
DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANOID ROBOT DESIGN (2004)

The amount of robot is increasing and getting more and more ambient in our daily environments. Robot has expanded its role and service and adapted to human beings through the development of integration and convergence of technology. Intelligent service robots, especially humanoid robots are supposed to be intelligent, adaptive, interactive and intimate in use, because they will be applied to human lives. In design, concerns on the development of robots have been growing, because the role of design is making things such as robots easy and comfortable. In this paper, we introduce design guidelines about the features of categorization of robot design and present a framework of humanoid robot design that builds the design methods and process.
A flexible MAC development framework for cognitive radio systems (2011)

Cognitive radios are becoming the technological foundation for efficiently managing the scarcity of wireless spectrum, fulfilling various QoS demands and allowing different networks to coexist. Cognition and spectrum agility in MAC protocols require adaptability and close PHY-MAC interaction. Classically, MAC protocols have been implemented in hardware, which gives a limited possibility for reconfiguration and customization. Recently, software based MAC implementations have emerged although a close hardware-software co-design is typically required to keep the time critical operations in ASICs or FPGAs. We introduce a MAC development framework for enabling fast composition of MAC protocols, which are best fitted to the application requirements, communication capabilities of the radio, and current spectrum regulations and policies. We decompose MAC protocols into their basic functionalities which are perceived as building blocks and are partitioned across hardware/software. Our framework allows on-the-fly realization of the envisioned MAC protocol through wiring of these fundamental components. By exposing extended metadata and hardware functionalities for the MAC implementation through our granular components, together with the support for run-time re-configuration, spectrum agile and cognitive MAC solutions can be easily realized. In this paper, we describe the design rationale and implementation details of our framework on WARP boards. We show through experimental evaluation that the framework provides flexible means for prototyping different reconfigurable cognitive and spectrum agile MAC protocols.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of petitgrain Eureka lemon essential oil by fused silica capillary column gas chromatography mass spectrometry (1985)

Abstract The identification of Algerian petitgrain Eureka lemon essential oil was carried out by gas liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry in electronic impact mode using a fused silica capillary column (FFAP). The results enabled a previous study on this oil to be completed where the relative retention data and chemical derivation reactions had been performed. A preparative gas chromatography was applied to give a better g.c.‐m.s.analysis of minor compounds; thus, two new products (citronellyl n ‐propionate and cedrol) were revealed by this method. Only 80 compounds were identified after indexation of 137 mass spectra and after comparison with those in the literature because most mass spectra data banks are not well adapted for the identification of essential oils. A global comparison of the percentage composition of the major compounds of this oil with those in other petitgrain lemon essential oils has revealed distinct differences. From the mass spectra of nine monoterpenic hydrocarbons, it was shown that comparison of the intensity ratio of the characteristic fragment ions in EI mode, which has been suggested by some authors as a general method of identification of compounds with similar mass spectra, is not reliable.
Accumulation, Fractionation, and Analysis of Platinum in Toxicologically Affected Tissues after Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, and Carboplatin Administration (2008)

Antitumoral Pt-containing drugs present side effects like nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Several systematic experiments have been carried out with Wistar rats treated with cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin to study Pt-drugs accumulation and elimination, and Pt-biomolecule distribution in the cells and cytosols of ear, kidney, and liver. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis shows a cisplatin accumulation capability between oxaliplatin (the highest) and carboplatin (the lowest). The maximum concentration of Pt in all the organs studied was achieved around the first week after cisplatin treatment. During the first 30 days, the elimination was very fast, decreasing in the subsequent 60 days in all the organs. Analysis of cytosols by liquid chromatography (LC)-ICP-MS showed an analogous behavior. In most samples, the distribution of the three drugs in the cellular and cytosolic fractions was similar for all the tissues. For kidney and ear, approximately 60% and 30%, respectively, of the metal accumulated was present in the cytosol, the cytosolic fractions smaller than 50 KDa being especially important. Cisplatin-biomolecule interaction strength under denaturing conditions was evaluated by LC-ICP-MS and showed a quite strong bond.
Transcriptional repression of the neu protooncogene by estrogen stimulated estrogen receptor. (1992)

Both neu gene overexpression and loss of estrogen receptor (ER) expression have been found to correlate with a poor prognosis in human breast cancer. Studies of breast tumor specimens have suggested that these two factors are not independent, leading us to hypothesize that there is a causal relationship between loss of ER and overexpression of neu. In this report, we confirm that ER can negatively regulate the expression of the neu gene protein product, p185neu, in two ER positive but not an ER negative breast cancer cell line(s). We have produced sublines which stably express human ER from a previously ER negative human breast cancer cell line. We demonstrate that the expression of ER in these cell lines is sufficient to confer the ability to respond to estradiol by down-regulating neu expression at both the protein and RNA levels. Utilizing neu promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs in transient cotransfection assays, we have also shown that this regulation occurs at the transcriptional level and requires the presence of both ER and estradiol. Furthermore, utilizing promoter deletion constructs, we provide evidence that a 140-base pair region of the neu promoter is required for this transcriptional regulation. When placed in a heterologous promoter, this 140-base pair region allows transcriptional repression by estradiol stimulated ER; thus, it represents an estrogen responsive region within the neu promoter. Finally, we have used gel mobility shift analysis to demonstrate an alteration in the nuclear factor(s) binding to this promoter region in estradiol stimulated versus estradiol deprived breast cancer cells. This study provides the first evidence that the inverse clinical correlation between neu and ER expression may be due to transcriptional repression of neu by estradiol stimulated ER.
Nuclear power plant diagnostics in APL (1991)

We are interested in the development of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) diagnostic systems and other complex systems of data processing. There are some questions on the subject:How to build these systems easily?How to build them fast?How to build them at a low price?And how to build them to be user friendly?Today, from our point of view, in the area of Nuclear Power Plant diagnostics, there is only one answer to these questions: We must use APL.
Identification of Signal Transduction Pathways Used by Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors (2003)

The superfamily of GPCRs have diverse biological roles, transducing signals from a range of stimuli, from photon recognition by opsins to neurotransmitter regulation of neuronal function. Of the many identified genes encoding GPCRs, >130 are orphan receptors ( i.e., their endogenous ligands are unknown), and this subset represents putative novel therapeutic targets for pharmaceutical intervention in a variety of diseases. As an initial step toward drug discovery, determining a biological function for these newly identified receptors is of vital importance, and thus identification of a natural ligand(s) is a primary aim. There are several established methods for doing this, but many have drawbacks and usually require some in-depth knowledge about how the receptor functions. The technique described here utilizes a transcription-based reporter assay in live cells. This allows the determination of the signal transduction pathway any given oGPCR uses, without any prior knowledge of the endogenous ligand. This can therefore reduce the redundancy of effort involved in screening ligands at a given receptor in multiple formats (i.e., Galpha(s), Galpha(i/0), and Galpha(q) assays), as well as ensuring that the receptor targeted is capable of signaling if appropriately activated. Such knowledge is often laboriously obtained, and for almost all oGPCRs, this kind of information is not yet available. This technology can also be used to develop inverse agonist as well as agonist sensitive high throughput assays for oGPCRs. The veracity of this approach is demonstrated, using a number of known GPCRs. The likely signaling pathways of the GPR3, GPR12, GPR19, GPR21, and HG55 oGPCRs are shown, and a high throughput assay for GPR26 receptors developed. The methods outlined here for elucidation of the signal transduction pathways for oGPCRs and development of functional assays should speed up the process of identification of ligands for this potentially therapeutically useful group of receptors.
Antigen receptor-mediated anergy in resting T lymphocytes and T cell clones. Correlation with lymphokine secretion patterns (1992)

The goal of these studies was to define the stimuli and factors that control the induction of anergy in unimmunized resting T lymphocytes. Initial experiments, aimed at establishing the system, showed that exposure of Th1 but not Th2 clones to immobilized anti-CD3 leads to a block in autocrine growth factor production and proliferation upon subsequent restimulation with Ag+APC. Anergy is not prevented by accessory cells, suggesting that this model of T cell tolerance may be due to receptor-mediated inhibitory signals, independent of costimulatory molecules. Culture of small (resting) unimmunized T lymphocytes with anti-CD3 +/- IL-2 induces unresponsiveness to restimulation with anti-CD3, but culture with anti-CD3+IL-4, which stimulates the differentiation of resting cells into IL-4 producers, does not induce anergy. Thus, IL-4-producing clones and bulk populations of IL-4-producing T cells are resistant to Ag receptor-mediated inhibitory stimuli. These results provide experimental models for studying the mechanisms of anergy in normal, unselected, mature T cells, and demonstrate fundamental similarities between cloned cell lines and unimmunized T lymphocytes in the induction of anergy.
Effect of antibodies on the respiration and morphology of<i>Candida albicans</i> (1976)

Respirometry was used to study the effect of antibodies to Candida albicans on the gowth of this species in vitro. Blastospore suspensions were pre-incubated with rabbit hyperimmune and normal serum and rabbit antibody and normal gamma globulin at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes. They were then inoculated into respirometer flasks containing a semi-synthetic medium and oxygen consumption was measured at 27 degrees C. Rabbit antiserum to C. albicans serotype A inhibited the growth, as measured by O2 consumption, of serotyped A and B strains of C. albicans. The amount of inhibition appeared to be related to the prevention or retardation of germ tube formation. The growth of blastospores incubated with normal rabbit serum was filamentous, whereas, blastospores incubated with antiserum remained in the yeast phase. Inhibition of O2 consumption and retardation of germ tube formation was also demonstrated with the purified gamma-globulin fraction of the antiserum.
Die Verwendung divergenter statt paralleler Strahlung bei Texturaufnahmen (1961)

ZusammenfassungWie die im vorigen Kapitel zitierten Gleichungen zur Berechnung der gebeugten Intensitäten zeigen, wurde bei deren Ableitung stets paralleles Licht in Höhe und Breite vorausgesetzt. Bedenkt man aber, daß eine hinreichende Parallelität bei ausreichender Intensität so gut wie nie zu erreichen ist, so erkennt man bei einer exakten Darstellung der Verhältnisse die Notwendigkeit einer Berücksichtigung der Divergenz. Im nächsten Abschnitt wird daher eine Intensitätsformel für divergentes Licht abgeleitet.
Lactate: A Preferred Fuel for Human Brain Metabolism <i>in Vivo</i> (2003)

Recent in vitro studies suggest that lactate, rather than glucose, may be the preferred fuel for neuronal metabolism. The authors examined the effect of lactate on global brain glucose uptake in euglycemic human subjects using 18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Eight healthy men, aged 40 to 54 years, underwent a 60-minute FDG-PET scan on two occasions in random order. On one occasion, 6.72% sodium lactate was infused at a rate of 50 micro mol. kg-1. min-1 for 20 minutes and then reduced to 30 micro mol. kg-1. min-1; 1.4% sodium bicarbonate was infused as a control on the other occasion. Plasma glucose levels were not different between the two groups (5.3 +/- 0.23 and 5.3 +/- 0.24 mmol/L, P = 0.55). Plasma lactate was significantly elevated by lactate infusion (4.08 +/- 0.35 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.22 mmol/L, P < 0.0005. The whole-brain rate of glucose uptake was significantly reduced by approximately 17% during lactate infusion (0.195 +/- 0.022 vs. 0.234 +/- 0.020 micro mol. g-1. min-1, P = 0.001). The authors conclude that, in vivo in humans, circulating lactate is used by the brain at euglycemia, with sparing of glucose.
Self-Supported Fibrin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: An Easily Handled and Rehydratable Biomaterial (2013)

A fibrin hydrogel at physiological concentration (5 mg/mL) was associated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) inside an interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) architecture. Previously, PVA has been modified with methacrylate functions in order to cross-link it by free-radical polymerization. The fibrin network was synthesized by the enzymatic hydrolysis of fibrinogen by thrombin. The resulting self-supported materials simultaneously exhibit the properties of the fibrin hydrogel and those of the synthetic polymer network. Their storage modulus is 50-fold higher than that of the fibrin hydrogel and they are completely rehydratable. These materials are noncytotoxic toward human fibroblast and the fibrin present on the surface of PVAm-based IPNs favors cell development.
Neuropathology of the cortical lesions of the Parkinsonian-dementia (PD) complex of Guam. (1981)

The Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonian-dementia (ALS and PD) complex still presents a challenge to research. Previous papers have highlighted the lesions in the hippocampus and basal nuclei to explain the bizarre clinical syndrome. In our study of 20 to 62 cases of PD with or without ALS, significant widespread and often severe lesions were found throughout the entire cerebral cortex. These changes included variable degrees of nerve cell loss, spongy change, gliosis, increased lipofuscin content of nerve cells, the presence of granulovacuolar bodies and neurofibrillary tangles within neurones and, less frequently, Hirano bodies. The lesions show a characteristic topographical distribution. The global involvement of the cerebral cortex correlated well with the loss of higher mental function which was present in the patients.