gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Helix Antenna Using a Moment Method Approach With Curved Basis and Testing Functions (1998)

Typically wire antenna structures are modeled by approximating curved structures with straight wire segments. The straight wire approximation yields accurate results, but often requires a large number of segments to adequately approximate the antenna geometry. The large number of straight wire segments or unknowns requires a large amount of memory and time to solve for the currents on the antenna. By using curved segments which exactly describe the contour of the antenna geometry the number of unknowns can be reduced, thus allowing for bigger problems to be solved accurately. This thesis focuses on the analysis of a helix antenna. The Method of Moments is used to solve for the currents on the antenna, and both the triangle basis and pulse testing functions exactly follow the contour of the helix antenna. The thin wire approximation is used throughout the analysis. The helix is assumed to be oriented along the z-axis with an optional perfect electric conductor (PEC) ground plane in the x-y plane. For simplicity, a delta gap source model is used. Straight feed wires may also be added to the helix, and are modeled similarly to the helix by the Method of Moments with triangular basis and pulse testing functions. The primary validation of the curved wire approach is through a comparison with MININEC and NEC of the convergence properties of the input impedance of the antenna versus the number of unknowns. The convergence tests show that significantly fewer unknowns are needed to accurately predict the input impedance of the helix, particularly for the normal mode helix. This approach is also useful in the analysis of the axial mode helix where the current changes significantly around one turn. Because of the varying current distribution, the improvement of impedance convergence with curved segments is not as significant for the axial mode helix. However, radiation pattern convergence improvement is found. Multiple feed structures for the axial mode helix are also investigated. In general, the many straight wire segments, and thus unknowns, that are needed to accurately approximate the current around one turn can be greatly reduced by the using the curved segment method.
On the Pitfalls of Using Arbiter-PUFs as Building Blocks (2015)

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as a promising solution for securing resource-constrained embedded devices such as RFID tokens. PUFs use the inherent physical differences of every chip to either securely authenticate the chip or generate cryptographic keys without the need of nonvolatile memory. However, PUFs have shown to be vulnerable to model building attacks if the attacker has access to challenge and response pairs. In these model building attacks, machine learning is used to determine the internal parameters of the PUF to build an accurate software model. Nevertheless, PUFs are still a promising building block and several protocols and designs have been proposed that are believed to be resistant against machine learning attacks. In this paper, we take a closer look at two such protocols, one based on reverse fuzzy extractors and one based on pattern matching. We show that it is possible to attack these protocols using machine learning despite the fact that an attacker does not have access to direct challenge and response pairs. The introduced attacks demonstrate that even highly obfuscated responses can be used to attack PUF protocols. Hence, this paper shows that even protocols in which it would be computationally infeasible to compute enough challenge and response pairs for a direct machine learning attack can be attacked using machine learning.
Climate change analogue analysis of ski tourism in the northeastern USA (2009)

Detrimental impacts of climate change on the international ski tourism industry have been projected in numerous studies. Modeling-based studies project shortened ski seasons and increased snowmaking requirements under warmer temperatures. The present study uses a climate change analogue approach to examine how a wider range of ski area performance indicators were affected by anomalously warm winters in the Northeast region of the USA. The record warm winter of 2001-2002 is representative of projected future average winter climate conditions in the USA Northeast under a high greenhouse gas emission scenario for the 2040-2069 period and was used as one climate change analogue for this analysis. The 1998-1999 ski season was also used as a climate change analogue as it represents the last of 3 consecutive warm winters (1997 to 1999) that are representative of a mid-range emissions scenario projected for the 2040-2069 period. Ski area performance indicators for the 2001-2002 and 1998-1999 analogue years were compared to the climatically normal (based on 1961-1990 means) years of 2000-2001 and 2004-2005. The indicators examined include: ski season length, snowmaking (hours of operation and % energy utilized as a proxy for fuel costs), total skier visits and operating profit (% of total gross fixed assets). The effect of ski season length during the climate change analogue years is compared with modeled effects for the region. The differential vulnerability of small, medium, large and extra-large ski areas was also examined and the greatest economic effects were found among small and extra large ski areas.
The Incidence of Facial Nerve Dehiscence at Surgery for Cholesteatoma (2001)

Facial nerve dehiscence in our series was far greater than that reported in the literature, underscoring the fact that this is an under-appreciated condition. These findings suggest that surgeons should be highly vigilant when dissecting near the facial nerve. Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring has been shown to be of value in facial nerve preservation during acoustic neuroma resections, and may have a role during surgery for cholesteatoma.
Polymeric gated organic field effect transistor using magnesium phthalocyanine (2014)

An organic thin film transistor has been fabricated using evaporated Magnesium Phthalocyanine as active layer. Parylene film prepared by chemical vapour deposition has been used as the organic gate insulator. Annealing of the samples is performed at 120 °C for 3 hrs. At room temperature, these transistors exhibit the p-type conductivity with field-effect mobility ranging from 0.009 - 0.021 cm2/Vs and ( I on/I off) ratio ~10<sup>3</sup>. The effect of annealing on the transistor characteristics is discussed.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy using only jaws and a mask (2002)

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) generally requires complex equipment for delivery. Just one study has investigated the use of 'jaws-only' IMRT with not discouraging conclusions. However, the monitor-unit efficiency is still considered to be too low compared with the use of a multileaf collimator (MLC). In this paper a new IMRT delivery technique is proposed which does not require the MLC and is only moderately more complex than the use of jaws alone. In this method a secondary collimator (mask) is employed together with the jaws. This mask may translate parallel to the jaw axes. Two types of mask have been investigated. One is a regular binary-attenuation pattern and the other is a random binary-attenuation pattern. Studies show that the monitor-unit efficiency of this 'jaws-plus-mask' technique, with a random binary mask, is more than double that of the jaws-only technique for typical two-dimensional intensity-modulated beams of size 10 x 10 bixels2 and with a peak value of 10 MU (or quantized into 10 fluence increments). For two-dimensional intensity-modulated beams of size 15 x 15 bixels2 with a peak value of 10 MU (or quantized into 10 fluence increments), the monitor-unit efficiency of the 'jaws-plus-mask' technique with a random binary mask is almost triple that of the jaws-only technique. Some further extensions to this concept are presented showing that some more practical mask arrangements are possible but with somewhat compromised monitor-unit efficiency. Some comments are provided on practicalities and on delivery times.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction does not contribute to pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity in normoxia in normal supine humans (2008)

We hypothesized that some of the heterogeneity of pulmonary blood flow present in the normal human lung in normoxia is due to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). If so, mild hyperoxia would decrease the heterogeneity of pulmonary perfusion, whereas it would be increased by mild hypoxia. To test this, six healthy nonsmoking subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during 20 min of breathing different oxygen concentrations through a face mask [normoxia, inspired O(2) fraction (Fi(O(2))) = 0.21; hypoxia, Fi(O(2)) = 0.125; hyperoxia, Fi(O(2)) = 0.30] in balanced order. Data were acquired on a 1.5-T MRI scanner during a breath hold at functional residual capacity from both coronal and sagittal slices in the right lung. Arterial spin labeling was used to quantify the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow in milliliters per minute per cubic centimeter and fast low-angle shot to quantify the regional proton density, allowing perfusion to be expressed as density-normalized perfusion in milliliters per minute per gram. Neither mean proton density [hypoxia, 0.46(0.18) g water/cm(3); normoxia, 0.47(0.18) g water/cm(3); hyperoxia, 0.48(0.17) g water/cm(3); P = 0.28] nor mean density-normalized perfusion [hypoxia, 4.89(2.13) ml x min(-1) x g(-1); normoxia, 4.94(1.88) ml x min(-1) x g(-1); hyperoxia, 5.32(1.83) ml x min(-1) x g(-1); P = 0.72] were significantly different between conditions in either imaging plane. Similarly, perfusion heterogeneity as measured by relative dispersion [hypoxia, 0.74(0.16); normoxia, 0.74(0.10); hyperoxia, 0.76(0.18); P = 0.97], fractal dimension [hypoxia, 1.21(0.04); normoxia, 1.19(0.03); hyperoxia, 1.20(0.04); P = 0.07], log normal shape parameter [hypoxia, 0.62(0.11); normoxia, 0.72(0.11); hyperoxia, 0.70(0.13); P = 0.07], and geometric standard deviation [hypoxia, 1.88(0.20); normoxia, 2.07(0.24); hyperoxia, 2.02(0.28); P = 0.11] was also not different. We conclude that HPV does not affect pulmonary perfusion heterogeneity in normoxia in the normal supine human lung.
Current HPM Source Research (2003)

Advanced research continues in the field of High Power Microwaves (HPM), which have potential applications ranging from long distance communications, radar, environmental waste clean up, bio‐toxin neutralization, fusion heating, as well as a host of others. Current HPM sources being studied are the Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator, Relativistic Klystron Oscillator, and Relativistic Magnetron, and experimental and computational comparisons will be presented. Relevant components to be discussed are recent cathode results, recent antenna results, as well as the discussion of a HPM air breakdown experiment to be conducted in the near future.
An approach for the effective utilization of GP-GPUs in parallel combined simulation (2008)

A major challenge in the field of Modeling & Simulation is providing efficient parallel computation for a variety of algorithms. Algorithms that are described easily and computed efficiently for continuous simulation, may be complex to describe and/or efficiently execute in a discrete event context, and vice-versa. Real-world models often employ multiple algorithms that are optimally defined in one approach or the other. Parallel combined simulation addresses this problem by allowing models to define algorithmic components across multiple paradigms. In this paper, we illustrate the performance of parallel combined simulation, where the continuous component is executed across multiple graphical processing units (GPU) and the discrete event component is executed across multiple central processing units (CPU).
A Sensitive and Selective Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Mercuric Ions and Its Biological Imaging Applications (2008)

A new mercury(II) near-infrared region fluorescent probe 3,9-dithia-6-monoazaundecane-tricarbocyanine has been designed and synthesized. It consists of two functional moieties: the tricarbocyanine performs as the near-infrared region fluorophore, and the 3,9-dithia-6-monoazaundecane acts as the selected binding site for metal ions. The near-IR excitation and emission profiles of the probe can minimize cell and tissue damage and avoid native fluorescence from natural cellular species. It exhibits fluorescence increase upon the binding of the Hg(2+) based on the inhibition of the photoinduced electron transfer quenching mechanism. Excellent sensitivity and selectivity for mercuric ions are observed with this probe. The value of the system is demonstrated by its use in monitoring the real-time uptake of Hg(2+) within HepG2 cells and five day old zebrafish. The synthesis and remarkable properties of it help to extend the development of metal ions fluorescent probes for biological applications.
Principles of abrasive processing (1997)

1. Introduction 2. Abrasive tools 3. Single grit performance 4. Form and finish grinding mechanics 5. Form and finish grinding performance 6. Abrasive cut-off 7. Conditioning of slabs and billets 8. Vertical spindle surface grinding 9. Grinding temperatures 10. Surface integrity 11. Wheel life 12. The grinding environment 13. Special processes 14. Hard work materials 15. Precision finishing Index
Synthesis of 2,4-Diamino-2,4-dideoxy-<scp>l</scp>-arabinose Derivatives (Prumycin Derivatives)<sup>†</sup> (1978)

2,4-Diamino-2,4-dideoxy-L-arabinose derivatives (Prumycin derivatives) have been synthesized from benzyl 2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)ammo-2-deoxy-β-D-gluco-furanoside (II). Evidence in suport of the structure assigned to these new derivatives is presented.
Comparison of gene expression in old versus young rat hippocampus by cDNA array (2002)

We sought to identify genes affected by the aging process in the rat hippocampus using cDNA expression array analysis. RNA samples were extracted from the hippocampus of 2-month-old and 20-month-old rats and reverse-transcribed in the presence of [32P]dCTP. Membrane sets of Rat Atlas array 2 (Clontech) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Among a total of 1176 cDNAs, 23 showed significant (more than 2-fold) changes between groups. Eight genes were increased in the old group, while the remaining fifteen genes were decreased. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the relative expression pattern obtained by the cDNA array. The results were consistent for 20 of the 23 genes tested. Most interesting findings were the decrease in expression of proteins for energy metabolism, proteins involved in secretion, and ribosomal proteins. The possible physiological significance of these changes are discussed.
Stereoselective Routes to E and Z Straight-Chain Primary Allylic Amines (1998)

Abstract Stereoselective reduction of a triple C-C bond and chemoselective transformation of an azide function into amino group have been employed in the synthesis of straight-chain primary E and Z allylic amines from alk-2-yn-1-ols.
Emergence of fiber supercapacitors (2014)

Supercapacitors (SCs) are energy storage devices which have high power density and long cycle life. Conventional SCs have two-dimensional planar structures. As a new family of SCs, fiber SCs utilize one-dimensional cylindrically shaped fibers as electrodes. They have attracted significant interest since 2011 and have shown great application potential either as micro-scale devices to complement or even replace micro-batteries in miniaturized electronics and microelectromechanical systems or as macro-scale devices for wearable electronics or smart textiles. This tutorial review provides an essential introduction to this new field. We first introduce the basics of performance evaluation for fiber SCs as a foundation to understand different research approaches and the diverse performance metrics reported in the literature. Next, we summarize the current state-of-the-art progress in structure design and electrode fabrication of fiber SCs. This is followed by a discussion on the integration of multiple fiber SCs and the combination with other energy harvesting or storage devices. Last, we present our perspectives on the future development of fiber SCs and highlight key technical challenges with the hope of stimulating further research progress.
Peer-to-peer support for massively multiplayer games (2004)

We present an approach to support massively multiplayer games on peer-to-peer overlays. Our approach exploits the fact that players in MMGs display locality of interest, and therefore can form self-organizing groups based on their locations in the virtual world. To this end, we have designed scalable mechanisms to distribute the game state to the participating players and to maintain consistency in the face of node failures. The resulting system dynamically scales with the number of online players. It is more flexible and has a lower deployment cost than centralized games servers. We have implemented a simple game we call SimMud, and experimented with up to 4000 players to demonstrate the applicability of this approach.
Exogenous N<sup>G</sup>‐hydroxy‐<scp>l</scp>‐arginine causes nitrite production in vascular smooth muscle cells in the absence of nitric oxide synthase activity (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) production from exogenous N G ‐hydroxy‐ l ‐arginine (OH‐ l ‐Arg) was investigated in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture by measuring nitrite accumulation in the culture medium. As well, the interaction between OH‐ l ‐Arg and l ‐arginine uptake via the y + cationic amino acid transporter was studied. In cells without NO‐synthase activity, OH‐ l ‐Arg (1–1000 μM) induced a dose‐dependent nitrite production with a half‐maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 18.0 ± 1.5 μM ( n = 4–7). This nitrite accumulation was not inhibited by the NO‐synthase inhibitor N G ‐nitro‐ l ‐arginine methyl ester, l ‐NAME (300 μM). In contrast, it was abolished by miconazole (100 μM), an inhibitor of cytochrome P 450 . Incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells with LPS (10 ) induced an l‐name inhibited nitrite accumulation, but did not enhance the OH‐ l ‐Arg induced nitrite production. OH‐ l ‐Arg and other cationic amino acids, L‐lysine and l ‐ornithine, competitively inhibited [ 3 H]‐ l ‐arginine uptake m rat aortic smooth muscle cells, with inhibition constants of 195 ± 23 μM( n = 12), 260 ± 40 μM( n = 5) and 330 ± 10 μM( n = 5), respectively. These results show that OH‐ l ‐Arg is recognized by the cationic l ‐amino acid carrier present in vascular smooth muscle cells and can be oxidized to NO and nitrite in these cells in the absence of NO‐synthase, probably by cytochrome P 450 or by a reaction involving a cytochrome P 450 byproduct.
Influence of Environmental Factors on the Adsorption Capacity and Thermal Conductivity of Silica Nano-Porous Materials (2014)

In this work, the influence of temperature and humidity environment on the water vapor adsorption capacity and effective thermal conductivity of silica nano-porous material is conducted within a relative humidity range from 15% to 90% at 25 °C, 40 °C and 55 °C, respectively. The experiment results show that both the temperature and relative humidity have significant influence on the adsorption capacity and effective thermal conductivity of silica nano-porous materials. The adsorption capacity and effective thermal conductivity increase with humidity because of the increases of water vapor concentration. The effective thermal conductivity increases linearly with adsorption saturation capacity at constant temperature. Because adsorption process is exothermic reaction, the increasing temperature is not conducive to the adsorption. But the effective thermal conductivity increases with the increment of temperature at the same water uptake because of the increment of water thermal conductivity with temperature Geometric models and unit cell structure are adopted to predict the effective thermal conductivity and comparisons with the experimental result are made, and for the case of moist silica nano-porous materials with high porosity no quantitative agreement is found. It is believed that the adsorbed water will fill in the nano-pores and gap and form lots of short cuts, leading to a significant reduction of the thermal resistance.
Mutual Impedance of Receiving Array and Calibration Matrix for High-resolution DOA Estimation (2005)

In this report, we propose a new calibration matrix by using the re-radiation and transmission mutual impedances. The numerical results show that accuracy of the calibration matrix can be improved by our definition. By using the method, mutual coupling effect of single-mode arrays can be calibrated with measured S parameters of the receiving array without external reference signals and/or numerical calculation of current distributions. Therefore, the proposed method would be useful for high-resolution DOA estimation with dipole or monopole arrays.
The 3DP: a processor architecture for three-dimensional applications (1992)

The 3DP (3-Dimensional Processor), a parallel-computing architecture that targets problems that have a 3-D numerical structure and require numerous calculations on 3-D vectors, is described. The 3DP architecture differs from traditional scalar architectures in that it operates directly on vectors. It differs from general parallel architectures in that it can solve problems that predict the behavior of highly coupled systems, and it differs from vector architectures in that it runs efficiently on length-3 vectors. Object-oriented programming on the 3DP and programming the 3DP in C++ are discussed. 3DP performance is reviewed, and the current implementation of the 3DP architecture, as an attached processor that plugs directly into Sun host VMEbus, is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endoscopy of the Middle Ear Structures (1997)

The anatomical structures of the middle ear cleft were investigated with endoscopes of angle of view of 0 degree , 3 degrees and 90 degrees (1.7 mm in diameter). Temporal bone blocks donated by lately succumbed patients were studied 3 times in random order. Forty-three anatomical structures of the middle ear cleft were chosen for inspection. The anatomical structures were counted and registered alternately at the time of endoscopy through 4 quadrants of the tympanic membrane. The study included 12,384 observation pieces. The results are presented in tables. The most suitable quadrant of the tympanic membrane and the angle of endoscope for optimal visualization are presented. The visualization is also presented by anatomical structure and by quadrants of the tympanic membrane. The authors' opinion for selection of the most convenient quadrant of the tympanic membrane and suitable angle of endoscope is presented. The majority of the anatomical structures could be visualized with either a 30 degrees or 90 degrees endoscope. There were difficulties in observing the neck of the malleus, the head of the malleus and the lateral semicircular canal. There was no benefit from the use of a 0 degree angled endoscope in the visualization of the middle ear structures.
Capillary Electrophoresis Detector Using a Light Emitting Diode and Optical Fibres (1997)

The construction of a simple absorption monitor for capillary electrophoresis, based on a bright blue-green light emitting diode as radiation source, is described. Fibre optic coupling between light source, capillary and photodiode detectors was employed. It was found that, owing to the use of a high intensity light emitting diode, no optical focusing elements were required. The performance of the device was found to be comparable to that of a commercial detector, and the versatility is demonstrated with methods for the determination of transition metal ions by complexation with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol and the indirect detection of other inorganic cations and anions using organic dyes.