gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of giant obscurins promotes breast epithelial cell survival through apoptotic resistance (2012)

ABSTRACT Obscurins (∼70–870 kDa), encoded by the single OBSCN gene, are cytoskeletal proteins originally identified in striated muscles with structural and regulatory roles. Recently, analysis of 13,023 genes in breast and colorectal cancers identified OBSCN as one of the most frequently mutated genes, implicating it in cancer formation. Herein we studied the expression profile of obscurins in breast, colon, and skin cancer cell lines and their involvement in cell survival. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated significant reduction of obscurin proteins in cancer cells, resulting from decreased mRNA levels and/or the presence of mutant transcripts. In normal epithelium, obscurins localize in cytoplasmic puncta, the cell membrane, and the nucleus. Accordingly, subcellular fractionation demonstrated the presence of 2 novel nuclear isoforms of ∼110 and ∼120 kDa. Nontumorigenic MCF10A breast epithelial cells stably transduced with shRNAs targeting giant obscurins exhibited increased viability (∼30%) and reduced apoptosis (∼20%) following exposure to the DNA‐damaging agent etoposide. Quantitative RT‐PCR further indicated that the antiapoptotic genes BAG4 and HAX1 were up‐regulated (1.5‐ and 1.4‐fold, respectively), whereas initiator caspase‐9 and death caspase‐3 transcripts were down‐regulated (0.8‐ and 0.6‐fold, respectively). Our findings are the first to pinpoint critical roles for obscurins in cancer development by contributing to the regulation of cell survival.—Perry, N. A., Shriver, M., Mameza, M. G., Grabias, B., Balzer, E., Kontrogianni‐Konstantopoulos, A. Loss of giant obscurins promotes breast epithelial cell survival through apoptotic resistance. FASEB J. 26, 2764–2775 (2012). www.fasebj.org
Insertion-loss-free 1 × 4 optical switch fabricatedusing bandgap-energy-controlled selective MOVPE (1996)

A 1 × 4 optical switch consisting of a passive 1 × 4 splitter and four laser diode amplifier (SOA) gates was fabricated using higher-pressure bandgap-energy-controlled selective metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). By using this technique, core layers with a low-loss waveguide of 0.2 dB/mm and an SOA were simultaneously integrated using one-step MOVPE. Insertion-loss-free operation was achieved at a low injection current of 58 mA without any additional SOA.
Gasoline from natural gas by sulfur processing (1995)

The conversion of natural gas to transportable liquids continues to be an area of research interest. New processes for the direct oxidation of methane either to ethylene or to methanol, are hampered by apparent yield barriers due to CO{sub x} production. In addition new processes for fuel production from non-petroleum sources such coal, shale oil, tar sands are often hampered by the need for hydrogen. The subject process circumvents these difficulties in fuel production. The process consists of two steps that each utilize catalysts and sulfur containing intermediates: (1) to convert natural gas to CS{sub 2}, and (2) to convert CS{sub 2} to liquid hydrocarbons.
Reverse Engineering (2010)

The process of reverse engineering has proven infinitely useful for analyzing Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) components to duplicate or repair them, or simply improve on their design. A guidebook to the rapid-fire changes in this area, Reverse Engineering: Technology of Reinvention introduces the fundamental principles, advanced methodologie
Of Mice and Men: What Mice Can Teach Us About Human Ophthalmic Disease (1993)

Mice HAVE traditionally been the animal of choice in mammalian genetic studies. They have been important both in increasing our understanding of basic genetic processes and as model systems to study specific human genetic diseases. Many fields in medicine have benefited greatly from such studies. Ophthalmology and visual science, however, with some notable exceptions such as the murine retinal degeneration and retinal degeneration slow mutations, have not, in general, placed much emphasis on murine genetic analyses. There are good reasons for this. Among other problems, mouse eyes are small and difficult to work with. There are structural differences between human and murine eyes, and the murine visual cortex and higher visual centers are not well developed. Despite these limitations, however, the development of new approaches that combine the power of traditional mouse genetics with modern molecular techniques make it certain that mouse studies will play an increasingly important role in
Hematopoietic development of embryonic stem cells in vitro: cytokine and receptor gene expression (2021)

A novel system to study early hematopoietic development is described. This report documents the in vitro capacity of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into hematopoietic precursors of most, if not all, of the colony-forming cells found in normal bone marrow. This system is used to correlate the genetic expression of cytokines, their receptors, the β-globins, and the hematopoietic cell surface markers throughout the time course of ES cell differentiation with the hematopoietic development that occurs in these cultures.A novel system to study early hematopoietic development is described. This report documents the in vitro capacity of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into hematopoietic precursors of most, if not all, of the colony-forming cells found in normal bone marrow. This system is used to correlate the genetic expression of cytokines, their receptors, the β-globins, and the hematopoietic cell surface markers throughout the time course of ES cell differentiation with the hematopoietic development that occurs in these cultures.
Comparative effects of (−)‐hydroxycitrate and (+)‐<i>allo</i>‐hydroxycitrate on acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in vivo (1977)

Abstract (−)‐Hydroxycitrate and (+)‐ allo ‐hydroxycitrate were investigated for their effects on lipid synthesis in vivo under conditions of either high carbohydrate feeding or 24 hr fasting. Changes in rates of lipid synthesis resulting from the oral administration of these compounds were monitored with the use of radiolabeled H 2 O, alanine, and acetate. In the fed rat, (−)‐hydroxycitrate significantly reduced the incorporation of H 2 O and alanine into fatty acids and cholesterol. An increased incorporation of labeled H 2 O into fatty acids but no change in cholesterol synthesis in the fasted rat suggested that (−)‐hydroxycitrate may be an activator of acetyl CoA carboxylase. With (−)‐hydroxycitrate administration, acetate incorporation into fatty acids and cholesterol was subject to pool dilution effects under fed or fasted states. (+)‐ allo ‐Hydroxycitrate was ineffective in modulating the rates of fatty acid synthesis under either nutritional condition. Both (−)‐hydroxycitrate and (+)‐ allo ‐hydroxycitrate were shown to be in vitro activators of acetyl CoA carboxylase, the former being a much stronger activator than the latter. Thus, stereospecificity of the hydroxycitrate isomers was demonstrated in both the inhibition of lipid synthesis (previously shown to occur at adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase) and the stimulation of fatty acid synthesis (possibly occurring at acetyl CoA carboxylase).
도심주거지의 여가공간화 변천과정 연구: 아쌍블라주(Assemblage) 개념을 통해 본 부암동 골목길의 변화 (2015)

도심주거지 내 골목길이 최근 도시의 새로운 여가활동 장소로서 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 그 중에서도 폐쇄적인 주거지였던 부암동을 사례로 각종 문헌분석과 현장조사 방법을 활용해 연구를 수행하였다. 주거지 내 통로였던 골목길은 다양한 구성원들이 유입됨에 따라 첫째, 공간에 대한 사용·교환·기호가치의 아쌍블라주와 둘째, 그들 간에 재조합되는 관계의 아쌍블라주를 통해 다양하고 혼종적이면서도 유일무이한 개방적 장소정체성을 형성함으로써 기존의 기능과 혼재한다. 후기근대사회의 도시여가공간은 근대적 도시계획 패러다임과 달리 무경계, 비정형의 형태로 기존 도시공간에 자생하는 특성을 보이며 그 원동력은 외생적, 물리적 요인이 아닌 다양한 구성원 유입 및 적극적 여가집단의 능동적 활동을 통해 장소의 영역성이 사라지고 유동적, 개방적 공간으로 변화한다는 것을 아쌍블라주 개념을 통하여 규명하고자 하였다.
Stable heteroplasmy at the single-cell level is facilitated by intercellular exchange of mtDNA (2015)

Eukaryotic cells carry two genomes, nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA), which are ostensibly decoupled in their replication, segregation and inheritance. It is increasingly appreciated that heteroplasmy, the occurrence of multiple mtDNA haplotypes in a cell, plays an important biological role, but its features are not well understood. Accurately determining the diversity of mtDNA has been difficult, due to the relatively small amount of mtDNA in each cell (<1% of the total DNA), the intercellular variability of mtDNA content and mtDNA pseudogenes (Numts) in nDNA. To understand the nature of heteroplasmy, we developed Mseek, a novel technique to purify and sequence mtDNA. Mseek yields high purity (>90%) mtDNA and its ability to detect rare variants is limited only by sequencing depth, providing unprecedented sensitivity and specificity. Using Mseek, we confirmed the ubiquity of heteroplasmy by analyzing mtDNA from a diverse set of cell lines and human samples. Applying Mseek to colonies derived from single cells, we find heteroplasmy is stably maintained in individual daughter cells over multiple cell divisions. We hypothesized that the stability of heteroplasmy could be facilitated by intercellular exchange of mtDNA. We explicitly demonstrate this exchange by co-culturing cell lines with distinct mtDNA haplotypes. Our results shed new light on the maintenance of heteroplasmy and provide a novel platform to investigate features of heteroplasmy in normal and diseased states.
Conserved molecular structure of the centromeric histone CENH3 in Secale and its phylogenetic relationships (2017)

It has been repeatedly demonstrated that the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3), a key component of the centromere, shows considerable variability between species within taxa. We determined the molecular structure and phylogenetic relationships of CENH3 in 11 Secale species and subspecies that possess distinct pollination systems and are adapted to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. The rye (Secale cereale) genome encodes two paralogous CENH3 genes, which differ in intron-exon structure and are transcribed into two main forms of the protein, αCENH3 and βCENH3. These two forms differ in size and amino acid substitutions. In contrast to the reported differences in CENH3 structure between species within other taxa, the main forms of this protein in Secale species and subspecies have a nearly identical structure except some nonsynonymous substitutions. The CENH3 proteins are strictly controlled by genetic factors responsible for purifying selection. A comparison between Hordeum, Secale and Triticum species demonstrates that the structure of CENH3 in the subtribes Hordeinae and Triticinae evolved at different rates. The assumption that reticulate evolution served as a factor stabilizing the structure and evolutionary rate of CENH3 and that this factor was more powerful within Secale and Triticum than in Hordeum, is discussed.
Novel HSP90 inhibitors, NVP-AUY922 and NVP-BEP800, radiosensitise tumour cells through cell-cycle impairment, increased DNA damage and repair protraction (2010)

These findings show that the novel inhibitors of Hsp90 can radiosensitise tumour cell lines of different entities through destabilisation and depletion of several Hsp90 client proteins, thus causing the depletion of S phase and G2/M arrest, increased DNA damage and repair protraction and, to some extent, apoptosis. The results might have important implications for the radiotherapy of solid tumours.
Frequency agile microstrip rectangular patches using varactor diodes (1992)

A technique for controlling the operating frequency of microstrip rectangular antennas was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The method consists of placing varactor diodes at appropriate locations and then biasing the diodes. Measurements and theoretical calculation were performed for a 5.3-cm*4.5-cm edge-fed patch using Arlon LX with a thickness of 0.7874 mm and a relative dielectric constant of 2.17. BB 405B silicon UHF variable-capacitance varactor diodes were used as tuning devices. Good agreement between experimental results and theory was achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The nodule inception‐like protein 7 modulates nitrate sensing and metabolism in Arabidopsis (2008)

Nitrate is an essential nutrient, and is involved in many adaptive responses of plants, such as localized proliferation of roots, flowering or stomatal movements. How such nitrate-specific mechanisms are regulated at the molecular level is poorly understood. Although the Arabidopsis ANR1 transcription factor appears to control stimulation of lateral root elongation in response to nitrate, no regulators of nitrate assimilation have so far been identified in higher plants. Legume-specific symbiotic nitrogen fixation is under the control of the putative transcription factor, NIN, in Lotus japonicus. Recently, the algal homologue NIT2 was found to regulate nitrate assimilation. Here we report that Arabidopsis thaliana NIN-like protein 7 (NLP7) knockout mutants constitutively show several features of nitrogen-starved plants, and that they are tolerant to drought stress. We show that nlp7 mutants are impaired in transduction of the nitrate signal, and that the NLP7 expression pattern is consistent with a function of NLP7 in the sensing of nitrogen. Translational fusions with GFP showed a nuclear localization for the NLP7 putative transcription factor. We propose NLP7 as an important element of the nitrate signal transduction pathway and as a new regulatory protein specific for nitrogen assimilation in non-nodulating plants.
Electricity Submetering on the Cheap: Stick-on Electricity Meters (2014)

We demonstrate a low-cost, 21 x 12 mm prototype Stick-on Electricity Meter (SEM) to replace traditional in-circuit-breaker-panel current and voltage sensors for building submetering.\nA SEM sensor is installed on the external face of a circuit breaker to generate voltage and current signals. This allows for the computation of real and apparent power as well as capturing\nharmonics created by non-linear loads. The prototype sensor is built using commercially available components, resulting in a production cost of under $10 per SEM. With no highvoltage\ninstall work requiring an electrician, home owners or other individuals can install the system in a few minutes with no safety implications. This leads to an installed system cost that is\nmuch lower than traditional submetering technology.. Measurement results from lab characterization as well as a real-world residential dwelling installation are presented, verifying\nthe operation of our proposed SEM sensor. The SEM sensor can resolve breaker power levels below 10W, and it can be used to provide data for non-intrusive load monitoring systems at full\nsample rate.
Synthesis of oxazolo[3,2‐<i>b</i>]hetero[1,2,4]thiadiazine S,S‐dioxides (2005)

Abstract Six bromomethyl derivatives of the new 2,3‐dihydrooxazolo[3,2‐ b ]thieno[3,4‐ e ][1,2,4]thiadiazine 5,5‐dioxides, 2,3‐dihydrooxazolo[3,2‐ b ]thieno[2,3‐ e ][1,2,4]thiadiazine 5,5‐dioxides and 6,7‐dihydrooxazolo‐[3,2‐ b ]pyrazolo[4,3‐ e ][1,2,4]thiadiazine 9,9‐dioxides heterocyclic ring systems were synthesized. These compounds are good intermediates for the preparation and development of promising antiviral and psy‐chotropic drugs. The structures of the products are supported by different nmr spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry.
Atlas of absorption lines from 0 to 17 900 cm(-1) (1987)

Plots of absorption line strength versus line position for wavenumbers from 0 to 17,900 cm(-1) are shown for 20 atmospheric gases (H2O, CO2, O3, N2O, CO, CH4, O2, NO, SO2, NO2, NH3, HNO3, OH, HF, HCl, HBr, HI, ClO, OCS, H2CO). Also shown are similar plots of lower-state energy values for adsorption lines for the strongly adsorbing atmospheric gases (H2O, CO2, O3, and CH4) for wavenumbers from 0 to 5000 cm(-1).
Grammatical Error Correction System with Deep Learning (2019)

Using Natural Language Processing via Deep Learning, we will attempt to implement a context-sensitive spelling error correction system focused on casual text messaging. For example, usual autocorrect systems will not correct a sentence like ???An apple is better then a banana??? as this is a syntactically correct sentence. However, a correction should be made here to the word ???then??? and the sentence should be, ???An apple is better than a banana.??? These types of mistakes are common in people texting and can be found for example in people learning English as a second language. \nNatural Language Processing can be summarized as combining the utilization of computation to understand the concepts of natural language and speech. In other words, we can use several techniques found in fields like Computer Science to leverage computers to help understand and manipulate human language and human speech patterns. There are several techniques that can be used, the majority which can be categorized under the field of Machine Learning. \nThe subfield of Machine Learning that will be utilized is Deep Learning, which is currently leading the innovations in Natural Language Processing. To create these types of models, we need a significant amount of data, and we need a significant amount of computational power that recent advances in computer hardware have provided. When combining current state-of-the-art hardware and the ginormous amount of text data available online, we can leverage this by potentially creating a correct neural network based on the online text which will help in the processing of a natural language. \nThe project is to be implemented as follows. A large collection of what is supposed to be grammatically correct sentences of people having a normal conversational will be obtained. This will act as a dataset for the deep learning approach is taken. To artificially increase the set of data we have when we train the sequence model, we will take the approach similar to TensorFlow???s sequence to sequence tutorial, which uses Long Short-Term Memory networks. After the model has been created and successfully tested, an API service will be implemented that will be available to use for any third party client application that can communicate via a Representational State Transfer (REST) interface
Resting End-Tidal CO2 Association with Age, Gender, and Personality (1998)

High resting end-tidal CO2 tends to be a stable individual characteristic that is accompanied by a tendency to worry and experience negative emotions.
140 GHz High-Gain LTCC-Integrated Transmit-Array Antenna Using a Wideband SIW Aperture-Coupling Phase Delay Structure (2017)

This paper presents the complete design of a wideband transmit-array (TA) antenna with high gain and high efficiency for D-band applications based on the low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology. The proposed unit cell is composed of a pair of wideband magnetoelectric dipoles as the receive/transmit elements, together with a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) aperture-coupling transmission structure for independent phase adjustability. A 360° phase coverage is obtained by the proposed phasing element, and its phase response curves are nearly parallel within a broad frequency band, which indicates a wideband performance. To verify the design, the fabricated prototype is measured by using a vector network analyzer in a terahertz compact-range anechoic chamber. The measured peak gain is 33.45 dBi at 150 GHz with the aperture efficiency of 44.03%, and the measured 3 dB gain bandwidth is 124–158 GHz (24.29%). The good radiation performance ensures that the proposed SIW aperture-coupling TA antenna is a promising candidate for D-band applications.
Cardiac-Specific Inducible and Conditional Gene Targeting in Mice (2012)

Mouse genetic engineering has revolutionized our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of heart development and disease. This technology involves conditional tissue-specific and temporal transgenic and gene targeting approaches, as well as introduction of polymorphisms into the mouse genome. These approaches are increasingly used to elucidate the genetic pathways underlying tissue homeostasis, physiology, and pathophysiology of adult heart. They have also led to the development of clinically relevant models of human cardiac diseases. Here, we review the technologies and their limitations in general and the cardiovascular research community in particular.
Fast nearest neighbor search through sparse random projections and voting (2016)

Efficient index structures for fast approximate nearest neighbor queries are required in many applications such as recommendation systems. In high-dimensional spaces, many conventional methods suffer from excessive usage of memory and slow response times. We propose a method where multiple random projection trees are combined by a novel voting scheme. The key idea is to exploit the redundancy in a large number of candidate sets obtained by independently generated random projections in order to reduce the number of expensive exact distance evaluations. The method is straightforward to implement using sparse projections which leads to a reduced memory footprint and fast index construction. Furthermore, it enables grouping of the required computations into big matrix multiplications, which leads to additional savings due to cache effects and low-level parallelization. We demonstrate by extensive experiments on a wide variety of data sets that the method is faster than existing partitioning tree or hashing based approaches, making it the fastest available technique on high accuracy levels.
Seismic velocity anisotropy in mica-rich rocks: an inclusion model (2001)

We calculated seismic wave velocity anisotropy caused by the preferred orientation of mica minerals by using the differential effective medium method (DEM). Spheroidal biotite crystals with their c‐axes coinciding with the symmetry axis of the spheroid are embedded in an isotropic matrix up to a volume ratio of 30 per cent. All crystals are aligned with their c‐axes parallel to the symmetry axis of the effective homogeneous medium, which shows transverse isotropy. The effect of crystal shape on anisotropy was studied by changing the aspect ratio (the ratio between the minor axis and the major axis of the spheroid) from 0.01 (flat spheroid) to 1 (sphere). The S‐velocity anisotropy becomes large as the crystal shape becomes flat, whereas the P‐velocity anisotropy shows only small changes with changes of the crystal shape. In particular, biotite generates large S‐wave anisotropy, and the anisotropy becomes stronger as the aspect ratio of the biotite crystal becomes smaller. When the volume ratio of the mica mineral is large, the P‐wave phase velocity surface shows considerable deviation from the ellipse, and the SV‐wave phase velocity surface forms a large bulge and crosses the SH‐wave phase velocity surface (singularity) in the plane including the symmetry axis. These results show an interesting contrast when compared with the effect of crack or pore shape on seismic velocity anisotropy: crack (or pore) shape affects the P velocity more than the S velocity. We also calculated Thomsen's anisotropic parameters, ε, γ and δ as functions of the crystal aspect ratio and the mica volume ratio.
Antiviral Therapy for Human Papillomaviruses: Rationale and Prospects (1995)

Although HPV infection causes substantial morbidity and expense, uniformly effective therapy for HPV infection is not currently available. Several processes in the HPV infection cycle are appropriate targets for the development of antiviral agents. The development of compounds active against HPV could prevent the benign and malignant diseases associated with HPV infection.