gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-hybridization recovery of membrane filter-bound DNA for enzymatic DNA amplification. (1993)

We describe here a simple and rapid method for enzymatic DNA amplification using DNA template recovered from membrane filters previously used in hybridization analysis. This is done by first solubilizing membrane pieces carrying DNA of interest in dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by isopropanol precipitation and polymerase chain reaction amplification. The source of membrane-bound DNA successfully tested includes plasmid and human leukocyte DNA and DNA immobilized on bacterial colony filters and plaque lifts. The sensitivity of the procedure is such that DNA recovered from 0.5 microgram of filter-bound total human DNA was enough for PCR amplification of a 0.3-kb fragment. Our protocol will be useful for recycling of scarce DNA samples for cloning and sequencing purposes.
A Structural Analysis of Bitcoin (2012)

Abstract: There is no formal framework for describing the core structural concepts of Bitcoin or for attempting a correctness proof of the algorithm. This contribution presents several elements which may serve as building blocks. A distributed model for describing the states enclosed in a Bitcoin network is provided. Concepts for modeling the swarm behavior of Bitcoin are analyzed. 1
Regulation of human eosinophil viability, density, and function by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the presence of 3T3 fibroblasts. (1987)

Normodense human peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated under sterile conditions from the 22/23 and 23/24% interfaces and the cell pellet of metrizamide gradients. After culture for 7 d in RPMI media in the presence of 50 pM biosynthetic (recombinant) human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rH GM-CSF), 43 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM, n = 8) of the cells were viable; in the absence of rH GM-CSF, no eosinophils survived. The rH GM-CSF-mediated viability was concentration dependent; increased survival began at a concentration of 1 pM, a 50% maximal response was attained at approximately 3 pM, and a maximal effect was reached at concentrations of greater than or equal to 10 pM rH GM-CSF. In the presence of rH GM-CSF and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, 67 +/- 6% (mean +/- SEM, n = 8) of the eosinophils survived for 7 d. In a comparative analysis, there was no difference in eosinophil viability after 7 and 14 d (n = 3) in the presence of 50 pM GM-CSF and fibroblasts. Culture with fibroblasts alone did not support eosinophil survival. The addition of fibroblast-conditioned media to rH GM-CSF did not further improve eosinophil viability, indicating a primary role for GM-CSF in supporting these eosinophil cell suspensions ex vivo and a supplementary role for 3T3 fibroblasts. Eosinophils cultured for 7 d localized on density gradient sedimentation at the medium/18, 18/20, and 20/21 interfaces of metrizamide gradients, indicating a change to the hypodense phenotype from their original normodense condition. In addition, the cultured eosinophils generated approximately 2.5-fold more LTC4 than freshly isolated cells when stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 and manifested sevenfold greater antibody-dependent killing of S. mansoni larvae than the freshly isolated, normodense cells from the same donor. Thus we demonstrate the rH GM-CSF dependent conversion in vitro of normodense human eosinophils to hypodense cells possessing the augmented biochemical and biological properties characteristic of the hypodense eosinophils associated with a variety of hypereosinophilic syndromes. In addition, these studies provide a culture model of at least 14 d suitable for the further characterization of hypodense eosinophils.
THE SEPARATION OF COLUMBIUM AND TANTALUM BY MEANS OF SELENIUM OXYCHLORIDE.<sup>1</sup> (1921)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SEPARATION OF COLUMBIUM AND TANTALUM BY MEANS OF SELENIUM OXYCHLORIDE.1Henry Baldwin MerrillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1921, 43, 11, 2378–2383Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1921Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1921https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01444a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01444a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Can We See More? Joint Frontalization and Hallucination of Unaligned Tiny Faces (2019)

In popular TV programs (such as CSI), a very low-resolution face image of a person, who is not even looking at the camera in many cases, is digitally super-resolved to a degree that suddenly the person's identity is made visible and recognizable. Of course, we suspect that this is merely a cinematographic special effect and such a magical transformation of a single image is not technically possible. Or, is it? In this paper, we push the boundaries of super-resolving (hallucinating to be more accurate) a tiny, non-frontal face image to understand how much of this is possible by leveraging the availability of large datasets and deep networks. To this end, we introduce a novel Transformative Adversarial Neural Network (TANN) to jointly frontalize very-low resolution (i.e., 16 × 16 pixels) out-of-plane rotated face images (including profile views) and aggressively super-resolve them (8×), regardless of their original poses and without using any 3D information. TANN is composed of two components: a transformative upsampling network which embodies encoding, spatial transformation and deconvolutional layers, and a discriminative network that enforces the generated high-resolution frontal faces to lie on the same manifold as real frontal face images. We evaluate our method on a large set of synthesized non-frontal face images to assess its reconstruction performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that TANN generates both qualitatively and quantitatively superior results achieving over 4 dB improvement over the state-of-the-art.
A synergetic approach to speculative price volatility (1999)

In this paper we consider the markets of three assets (a risky asset, a riskless asset, and a foreign currency). Each market consists of two typical types of investors: fundamentalists and bandwagon traders. We propose a Synergetic model that represents speculative dynamics. We show the characteristic patterns of speculative prices (speculative bubbles and speculative chaos) which are generated by trading between the fundamentalists and bandwagon traders.
2.2um BSI CMOS image sensor with two layer photo-detector (2015)

Back Side Illumination (BSI) CMOS image sensors with two-layer photo detectors (2LPDs) have been fabricated and evaluated. The test pixel array has green pixels (2.2um x 2.2um) and a magenta pixel (2.2um x 4.4um). The green pixel has a single-layer photo detector (1LPD). The magenta pixel has a 2LPD and a vertical charge transfer (VCT) path to contact a back side photo detector. The 2LPD and the VCT were implemented by high-energy ion implantation from the circuit side. Measured spectral response curves from the 2LPDs fitted well with those estimated based on light-absorption theory for Silicon detectors. Our measurement results show that the keys to realize the 2LPD in BSI are; (1) the reduction of crosstalk to the VCT from adjacent pixels and (2) controlling the backside photo detector thickness variance to reduce color signal variations.
Engagement of Siglec-7 Receptor Induces a Pro-Inflammatory Response Selectively in Monocytes (2012)

Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7) is a trans-membrane receptor carrying immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) and delivering inhibitory signals upon ligation with sialylated glycans. This inhibitory function can be also targeted by several pathogens that have evolved to express sialic acids on their surface to escape host immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that cross-linking of Siglec-7 by a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) induces a remarkably high production of IL-6, IL-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α. Among the three immune cell subsets known to constitutively express Siglec-7, the production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines selectively occurs in monocytes and not in Natural Killer or T lymphocytes. This Siglec-7-mediated activating function is associated with the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. The present study also shows that sialic acid-free Zymosan yeast particles are able to bind Siglec-7 on monocytes and that this interaction mimics the ability of the anti Siglec-7 mAb to induce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, blocking or silencing Siglec-7 in primary monocytes greatly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to Zymosan, thus confirming that Siglec-7 participates in generating a monocyte-mediated inflammatory outcome following pathogen recognition. The presence of an activating form of Siglec-7 in monocytes provides the host with a new and alternative mechanism to encounter pathogens not expressing sialylated glycans.
Video de-abstraction or how to save money on your wedding video (2003)

There exist an increasing body of work dealing with video still abstraction, the extraction of representative still images from a video sequence. This work focuses in the other direction: given a video abstract and raw unedited video data, we produce an edited video. We focus on the application of generating wedding videos. We use the existing wedding photo album as an abstract, and produce an edited wedding video from it. The photo album serves us in determining importance of raw shots, as well as style and order.
Biocompatible Label-Free Detection of Carbon Black Particles by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Microscopy (2016)

Although adverse health effects of carbon black (CB) exposure are generally accepted, a direct, label-free approach for detecting CB particles in fluids and at the cellular level is still lacking. Here, we report nonincandescence related white-light (WL) generation by dry and suspended carbon black particles under illumination with femtosecond (fs) pulsed near-infrared light as a powerful tool for the detection of these carbonaceous materials. This observation is done for four different CB species with diameters ranging from 13 to 500 nm, suggesting this WL emission under fs near-infrared illumination is a general property of CB particles. As the emitted radiation spreads over the whole visible spectrum, detection is straightforward and flexible. The unique property of the described WL emission allows optical detection and unequivocal localization of CB particles in fluids and in cellular environments while simultaneously colocalizing different cellular components using various specific fluorophores as shown here using human lung fibroblasts. The experiments are performed on a typical multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy platform, widely available in research laboratories.
Active Self-Testing Noise Measurement Sensors for Large-Scale Environmental Sensor Networks (2013)

Large-scale noise pollution sensor networks consist of hundreds of spatially distributed microphones that measure environmental noise. These networks provide historical and real-time environmental data to citizens and decision makers and are therefore a key technology to steer environmental policy. However, the high cost of certified environmental microphone sensors render large-scale environmental networks prohibitively expensive. Several environmental network projects have started using off-the-shelf low-cost microphone sensors to reduce their costs, but these sensors have higher failure rates and produce lower quality data. To offset this disadvantage, we developed a low-cost noise sensor that actively checks its condition and indirectly the integrity of the data it produces. The main design concept is to embed a 13 mm speaker in the noise sensor casing and, by regularly scheduling a frequency sweep, estimate the evolution of the microphone's frequency response over time. This paper presents our noise sensor's hardware and software design together with the results of a test deployment in a large-scale environmental network in Belgium. Our middle-range-value sensor (around €50) effectively detected all experienced malfunctions, in laboratory tests and outdoor deployments, with a few false positives. Future improvements could further lower the cost of our sensor below €10.
Over-the-Counter Derivatives Regulation in Hong Kong and Singapore (2019)

Abstract In this article, Dr Christopher Chen examines and compares the regulation of over-the-counter derivatives in Hong Kong and Singapore, the two largest international financial centres in Asia Pacific. Dr Chen analyses current or proposed regulations on trade reporting, centralised clearing and mandatory exchange trading mandates regarding OTC derivatives against the backdrop of reforms of international financial regulatory structure after the global financial crisis. The article also relates the reforms in Asia to development in major Western markets such as the U.S., U.K. or European Union. Apart from technical comparison and dissecting of content of rules from different angles, this article also examines the rationale behind those reforms and policy concerns behind Asian adoption of the regulatory mandates prescribed by G20 as well as potential policy concerns (such as competition and extraterritoriality) in a market that is dominated by Western banks.
Influence of daylength experienced by dams on post-natal development of young meadow voles ( <i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i> ) (1987)

Meadow voles born to dams kept in short days (SD) beginning 5 or 11 weeks before parturition (SD-5, SD-11) had less developed testes, gained weight more slowly and built larger nests than did young gestated and maintained in long days (LD). Pelage development was greater in SD than in LD young at 21 and 45 days of age. At weaning, SD-5 young had less dense fur and shorter guard hairs than did SD-11 young, indicating that the photoperiodic history of dams before insemination affects the post-natal pelage development of their progeny. Short daylengths experienced by dams before mating may facilitate winter preparedness of their offspring.
Adaptive antennas in frequency hopping GSM (2002)

The combination of adaptive antennas and the GSM frequency hopping option has been investigated. The results show that large advantages can be made by combining adaptive antennas and frequency hopping. Interference diversity is always obtained independent of traffic load and features like discontinuous transmission and power control. Frequency hopping also improves the ability for the adaptive antenna system to track the mobiles. Further, frequency hopping GSM networks employing adaptive antennas can be planned for very tight frequency reuse. A 3 cell reuse plan can be fully loaded and it is even possible for a network planned for 1 cell reuse to handle up to 70% channel utilization according to system level simulations.
Individual radiation therapy patient whole-body phantoms for peripheral dose evaluations: method and specific software (2009)

This study presents a method aimed at creating radiotherapy (RT) patient-adjustable whole-body phantoms to permit retrospective and prospective peripheral dose evaluations for enhanced patient radioprotection. Our strategy involves virtual whole-body patient models (WBPM) in different RT treatment positions for both genders and for different age groups. It includes a software tool designed to match the anatomy of the phantoms with the anatomy of the actual patients, based on the quality of patient data available. The procedure for adjusting a WBPM to patient morphology includes typical dimensions available in basic auxological tables for the French population. Adjustment is semi-automatic. Because of the complexity of the human anatomy, skilled personnel are required to validate changes made in the phantom anatomy. This research is part of a global project aimed at proposing appropriate methods and software tools capable of reconstituting the anatomy and dose evaluations in the entire body of RT patients in an adapted treatment planning system (TPS). The graphic user interface is that of a TPS adapted to obtain a comfortable working process. Such WBPM have been used to supplement patient therapy planning images, usually restricted to regions involved in treatment. Here we report, as an example, the case of a patient treated for prostate cancer whose therapy planning images were complemented by an anatomy model. Although present results are preliminary and our research is ongoing, they appear encouraging, since such patient-adjusted phantoms are crucial in the optimization of radiation protection of patients and for follow-up studies.
Catalyst traces after chemical purification in CVD grown carbon nanotubes (2001)

For many applications, in particular for those in which transport occurs through carbon nanotubes (CNT), and for certain characterization techniques too, it is important to know whether traces of the catalyst used to grow the nanotubes are incorporated in the grown tubes. Nuclear analytical techniques (RBS, PIXE) and XRF were applied to investigate the transition metal content of CNTs after different steps of chemical purification. TEM and HRTEM were used to monitor the influence of purification process on the structure of the CNTs.
Unsupervised Discovery of Biographical Structure from Text (2014)

We present a method for discovering abstract event classes in biographies, based on a probabilistic latent-variable model. Taking as input timestamped text, we exploit latent correlations among events to learn a set of event classes (such as Born, Graduates High School, and Becomes Citizen), along with the typical times in a person’s life when those events occur. In a quantitative evaluation at the task of predicting a person’s age for a given event, we find that our generative model outperforms a strong linear regression baseline, along with simpler variants of the model that ablate some features. The abstract event classes that we learn allow us to perform a large-scale analysis of 242,970 Wikipedia biographies. Though it is known that women are greatly underrepresented on Wikipedia—not only as editors (Wikipedia, 2011) but also as subjects of articles (Reagle and Rhue, 2011)—we find that there is a bias in their characterization as well, with biographies of women containing significantly more emphasis on events of marriage and divorce than biographies of men.
Evaluation of Co-channel and Adjacent Channel Interference for Multiple Bluetooth Piconets with Dual Channel Transmission (2007)

The paper proposed a frequency diversity technique for Bluetooth, namely dual channel transmission (DCT), to reduce the packet error rate (PER) due to inter-piconet interference when multiple Bluetooth piconets coexist. With DCT, the same packet is transmitted on two distinct frequency hopped channels simultaneously, and the power used in each channel is half of what would be used in single channel transmission (SCT). A packet is successfully received if at least one channel survives. There is a tradeoff between the increased reliability due to the diversity offered by DCT, and the potentially increased interference due to the use of extra channel. The authors evaluate the performance of DCT when co-channel and adjacent channel interference, as well as wireless propagation characteristics are considered. It is shown that with DCT, the PER is significantly lower than that of SCT when a small number of piconets coexist. Numerical simulations validate the analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of DCT.
Preparation and stabilisation mechanism of asphalt-in-water Pickering emulsion stabilised by SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (2020)

In order to improve the performance property of emulsified asphalt, a particle emulsifier is introduced in this study. It serves both as the stabiliser and modifier for the asphalt. A new type of emulsified asphalt, the Nano-SiO2 stabilised asphalt, is prepared successfully. In this paper, a comparison of the stabilisation mechanism between the Pickering and the common emulsion is made. Then, based on the scanning electron microscope results, settlement, and Zeta potential tests, the wettability of the surface-modified Nano-SiO2 with a polycondensate material is analysed. Afterwards, the stable Nano-SiO2 emulsified asphalt is prepared. The stability mechanism of the emulsion is examined through a microscopic approach. Finally, the engineering indexes are tested on the Nano-SiO2 emulsified asphalt. It is revealed that except for the slightly sacrificed ductility, the Nano-SiO2 emulsified asphalt can meet the Chinese emulsified asphalt specification, with improved stability, penetration, and softening point of the residual after evaporation. This study verifies the feasibility of using the Nano-SiO2 as an asphalt emulsifier for preparing Picking emulsions.
Insights into the Kinetics of Semiconductor Nanocrystal Nucleation and Growth (2009)

A model is presented for the colloidal synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals capturing the reactions underlying nucleation and growth processes. The model combines an activation mechanism for precursor conversion to monomers, discrete rate equations for formation of small-sized clusters, and continuous Fokker-Planck equation for growth of large-sized clusters. The model allows us to track the temporal evolution of the entire cluster size distribution and compute several experimental observables including mean size and size distribution. The model predicts five distinct regions: generation of monomers, small cluster formation, size distribution focusing due to precursor depletion, pseudo steady state region, and size distribution broadening, with the latter three explicitly reproducing available experimental data at larger cluster sizes. Furthermore, we identify two nondimensional parameter combinations and discuss how these can be used to guide experiments to yield a more rational approach to synthesis modification. Contrary to the common hypothesis that diffusion is essential for size distribution focusing, the model shows that focusing can be achieved under pure reaction control. In addition, the model yields new insights into the synthesis of small nanocrystals with narrow size distributions either by modulation of temperature over the duration of nanocrystal synthesis or by introduction of small quantities of additives that enhance the rate of precursor conversion to monomers. We show that for a given set of reaction parameters, there is an optimum in the duration of high temperature and additive concentration minimizing polydispersity.
Methods in Neuronal Modeling: from Ions to Networks, 2nd Edition (1999)

Methods in Neuronal Modeling: From Ions to Networks, 2nd edition, Christof Koch and Idan Segev, eds, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1998, 844 pp., ISBN 0-262-11231-0, $60.00, cloth.