gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saturation Mutagenesis of Toluene <i>ortho</i> -Monooxygenase of <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> G4 for Enhanced 1-Naphthol Synthesis and Chloroform Degradation (2004)

Directed evolution of toluene ortho-monooxygenase (TOM) of Burkholderia cepacia G4 previously created the hydroxylase alpha-subunit (TomA3) V106A variant (TOM-Green) with increased activity for both trichloroethylene degradation (twofold enhancement) and naphthalene oxidation (six-times-higher activity). In the present study, saturation mutagenesis was performed at position A106 with Escherichia coli TG1/pBS(Kan)TOMV106A to improve TOM activity for both chloroform degradation and naphthalene oxidation. Whole cells expressing the A106E variant had two times better naphthalene-to-1-naphthol activity than the wild-type cells (V(max) of 9.3 versus 4.5 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1) and unchanged K(m)), and the regiospecificity of the A106E variant was unchanged, with 98% 1-naphthol formed, as was confirmed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. The A106E variant degrades its natural substrate toluene 63% faster than wild-type TOM does (2.12 +/- 0.07 versus 1.30 +/- 0.06 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1) [mean +/- standard deviation]) at 91 microM and has a substantial decrease in regiospecificity, since o-cresol (50%), m-cresol (25%), and p-cresol (25%) are formed, in contrast to the 98% o-cresol formed by wild-type TOM. The A106E variant also has an elevated expression level compared to that of wild-type TOM, as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Another variant, the A106F variant, has 2.8-times-better chloroform degradation activity based on gas chromatography (V(max) of 2.61 versus 0.95 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1) and unchanged K(m)) and chloride release (0.034 +/- 0.002 versus 0.012 +/- 0.001 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1)). The A106F variant also was expressed at levels similar to those of wild-type TOM and 62%-better toluene oxidation activity than wild-type TOM (2.11 +/- 0.3 versus 1.30 +/- 0.06 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1)). A shift in regiospecificity of toluene hydroxylation was also observed for the A106F variant, with o-cresol (28%), m-cresol (18%), and p-cresol (54%) being formed. Statistical analysis was used to estimate that 292 colonies must be screened for a 99% probability that all 64 codons were sampled during saturation mutagenesis.
Practical Packet Analysis: using Wireshark to solve real-world network problems (2011)

It's easy to capture packets with Wireshark, the world's most popular network sniffer, whether off the wire or from the air. But how do you use those packets to understand what's happening on your network?With an expanded discussion of network protocols and 45 completely new scenarios, this extensively revised second edition of the best-selling Practical Packet Analysis will teach you how to make sense of your PCAP data. You'll find new sections on troubleshooting slow networks and packet analysis for security to help you better understand how modern exploits and malware behave at the packet level. Add to this a thorough introduction to the TCP/IP network stack and you're on your way to packet analysis proficiency.Learn how to: Use packet analysis to identify and resolve common network problems like loss of connectivity, DNS issues, sluggish speeds, and malware infections Build customized capture and display filters Monitor your network in real-time and tap live network communications Graph traffic patterns to visualize the data flowing across your network Use advanced Wireshark features to understand confusing captures Build statistics and reports to help you better explain technical network information to non-techies Practical Packet Analysis is a must for any network technician, administrator, or engineer. Stop guessing and start troubleshooting the problems on your network.
A Novel Strategy for Radar Imaging Based on Compressive Sensing (2008)

This paper aims at introducing the recent theory of compressive sensing to radar imaging systems in order to retrieve the imaged scene with better resolution and a reduced amount of collected samples. As a result of the application of the alternative imaging technique proposed, the use of matched filtering is avoided and the effect of its sidelobes in the images is drastically diminished. Furthermore, the amount of data to be stacked in the sensor and then downlinked to the ground station is meaningfully lower. This permits a more efficient management of resources.
Angiotensin II Stimulates Both Inositol Phosphate Production and Human Placental Lactogen Release from Human Trophoblastic Cells (1989)

We studied the functional significance of the binding of angiotensin-II (AII) to human placentas. Human trophoblastic cell suspensions were prepared by trypsin digestion of minced tissue. Cell incubations with increasing doses of [125I](SAR1)AII, ranging from 0.01-2.5 nmol/L, were carried out for 20 min at 37 C. The results indicated the presence of specific low capacity [4300 +/- 1300 (+/- SE) sites/cell], high affinity (Kd = 0.38 +/- 0.06 nmol/L) binding sites for [125I](Sar1)AII. This binding was specific for AII analogs. When placental cells were preloaded with 40 microCi/mL [3H]myoinositol for 2 h at 37 C, AII stimulation resulted in a dose-dependent increase in inositol phosphate (InsP) production [EC50 = 1.4 +/- 0.4 (+/- SE) nmol/L], as measured by ion exchange chromatography. (Sar1)AII also stimulated InsP production, with an EC50 of 0.3 +/- 0.2 nmol/L. AII-stimulated production of InsP was completely blocked by the antagonist (Sar1,Ala8)AII. AII also stimulated human placental lactogen release from trophoblastic cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The EC50 was 18 +/- 9 pmol/L, and the stimulation was blocked by (Sar1,Ala8)AII, as found for AII-stimulated InsP production. These results suggest that stimulation of human placental lactogen release by AII may be mediated by activation of phospholipase-C, which, in turn, produces phosphoinositide breakdown. The results, therefore, provide evidence of a physiological role for the renin-angiotensin system within the human placenta.
Top-Down Visual Saliency Guided by Captions (2017)

Neural image/video captioning models can generate accurate descriptions, but their internal process of mapping regions to words is a black box and therefore difficult to explain. Top-down neural saliency methods can find important regions given a high-level semantic task such as object classification, but cannot use a natural language sentence as the top-down input for the task. In this paper, we propose Caption-Guided Visual Saliency to expose the region-to-word mapping in modern encoder-decoder networks and demonstrate that it is learned implicitly from caption training data, without any pixel-level annotations. Our approach can produce spatial or spatiotemporal heatmaps for both predicted captions, and for arbitrary query sentences. It recovers saliency without the overhead of introducing explicit attention layers, and can be used to analyze a variety of existing model architectures and improve their design. Evaluation on large-scale video and image datasets demonstrates that our approach achieves comparable captioning performance with existing methods while providing more accurate saliency heatmaps. Our code is available at visionlearninggroup.github.io/caption-guided-saliency/.
Program Sifting: Select Property-Related Functions for Language-Based Static Analysis (2009)

Recent studies have demonstrated that language-based static analysis is capable of finding hundreds of bugs in complex real systems. Such static analysis allows users to specify properties in a specification language on demand. Paths in control flow graphs are explored exhaustively against user-defined properties. To avoid the potential path explosion problem, many techniques have been used in practice such as summaries. In this paper, we investigate how to simplify programs under check utilizing user-specified properties. From our observations, most functions under check are irrelevant to given properties. Checking those functions is time consuming. A program sifting approach is proposed to select functions related to properties. Sifters are derived from user-specified properties automatically. Functions matched or affected by sifters are safely preserved while the others are safely removed. We implemented a tool SIFT and carried out some experiments. Results show that SIFT is capable of simplifying program under check remarkably with small cost. In our experiments, 85% functions in files are sifted out while 89% analysis time is saved on average.
Three‐dimensional Luneburg lens at optical frequencies (2016)

Abstract A Luneburg lens is a fascinating gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens that can focus parallel light on a perfect point without aberration in geometrical optics. Constructing a three‐dimensional (3D) Luneburg lens at optical frequencies is a challenging task due to the difficulty of fabricating the desired GRIN materials. Here, we present the practical implementation of a 3D Luneburg lens at optical frequencies. Such a 3D Luneburg lens is designed with GRIN 3D simple cubic metamaterial structures, and fabricated with dielectric metamaterials by femtosecond laser direct writing in the commercial negative‐photoresist IP‐L. Simulated and experimental results exhibit an interesting 3D ideal focus for the infrared light. The protocol for developing the 3D Luneburg lens with ideal focus would prompt the potential applications in integrated light‐coupled devices and lab‐on‐chip integrated biological sensors based on infrared light. image
Synthesis of Thioureas from 6-Amino- and 8-Amino-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarins (1965)

Synthesis of Thioureas from 6-Amino- and 8-Amino-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarins
Functional expression of the human angiotensinogen gene in transgenic mice. (1994)

The renin-angiotensin system is a major determinant of arterial pressure and volume homeostasis in mammals through the actions of angiotensin II, the proteolytic digestion product of angiotensinogen. Molecular genetic studies in several human populations have revealed genetic linkage between the angiotensinogen gene and both hypertension and increased plasma angiotensinogen. Transgenic mice were generated with a human angiotensinogen genomic clone to develop an animal model to examine tissue- and cell-specific expression of the gene and to determine if overexpression of angiotensinogen results in hypertension. Human angiotensinogen mRNA was expressed in transgenic mouse liver, kidney, heart, adrenal gland, ovary, brain, and white and brown adipose tissue and, in kidney, was exclusively localized to epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. Plasma levels of human angiotensinogen were approximately 150-fold higher in transgenic mice than that found normally in human plasma. The blood pressure of mice bearing the human angiotensinogen gene was normal but infusion of a single bolus dose of purified human renin resulted in a transient increase in blood pressure of approximately 30 mm Hg within 2 min. These results suggest that abnormalities in the angiotensinogen gene resulting in increased circulating levels of angiotensinogen could potentially contribute in part to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
Effect of Surface Conditions and Processing on Fatigue Performance (1996)

Abstract This article presents an approach to characterize the effects of surface treatments to enhance fatigue properties, with particular concern for wear, corrosion, and thermal effects. It discusses the considerations in selecting fabrication or subsequent surface processing procedures to improve fatigue resistance in terms of their respective effects on fatigue performance. The article details the experimental data sets representing specific materials, typical test geometries, and a range of different processing methods used to enhance resistance as compared to results for laboratory tests.
The effect of oxygen on the development of preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro (1978)

The optimal oxygen tension for development of preimplantation mouse embryos to the blastocyst stage in vitro was found to be between 2.5% and 5%. One- and two-cell embryos had a more sharply defined range of oxygen tension capable of supporting development than 8-cell and morula stages. At all stages of development, more embryos developed to the blastocyst stage under 5% O2 compared to the numbers of developing under higher oxygen tensions (20% and 40% O2). The blastocysts developing under 20% O2 had fewer blastomeres than those which developed under 5% O2. As the time required for development to the blastocyst stage in vitro increased, there were fewer blastomeres present at the blastocyst stage. These results indicate that the cleaving mouse embryo has an optimal oxygen requirement in vitro of about 5%. At higher oxygen tensions, fewer embryos develop to the blastocyst stage and in those which do develop, there are fewer cell divisions. If a gradient of oxygen tension exists across the blastomeres from the outside of the embryo to its centre, the blastomeres might be using this gradient to obtain imformation about their location within the embryo and respond accordingly. Thus blastomeres on the outside at a higher oxygen tension would divide at a slower rate and form trophectoderm whereas those on the inside at a lower oxygen tension would divide more rapidly and contribute to the inner cell mass.
Small animal imaging with a clinical magnetic resonance imager (1987)

Any clinical whole-body MR imager can be adapted for experimental small animal imaging. The design of an rf receiver coil and an efficient magnified imaging technique are presented. Application of this small animal imaging technique is illustrated using a study of paramagnetic contrast enhancement of a tumor in the mouse.
Review of deep convolution neural network in image classification (2017)

With the development of large data age, Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with more hidden layers have more complex network structure and more powerful feature learning and feature expression abilities than traditional machine learning methods. The convolution neural network model trained by the deep learning algorithm has made remarkable achievements in many large-scale identification tasks in the field of computer vision since its introduction. This paper first introduces the rise and development of deep learning and convolution neural network, and summarizes the basic model structure, convolution feature extraction and pooling operation of convolution neural network. Then, the research status and development trend of convolution neural network model based on deep learning in image classification are reviewed, which is mainly introduced from the aspects of typical network structure construction, training method and performance. Finally, some problems in the current research are briefly summarized and discussed, and the new direction of future development is forecasted.
Incidence and characteristics of falls leading to hospital treatment: a one-year population surveillance study of the Danish population aged 45 years and over (2003)

Fall-prevention programmes should be directed towards the population aged 70 years and over, in particular towards women and hazards in residential environments. Our finding of an increasing incidence of injurious fall events among women around the time of the menopause raises the hypothesis that loss of oestrogen production plays a role in the aetiology of falls in women.
[Ga<sub>2</sub>(DETA)(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]·2H<sub>2</sub>O (DETA = Diethylenetriamine):  A Novel Porous Gallium Phosphate Containing 24-Ring Channels (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXT[Ga2(DETA)(PO4)2]·2H2O (DETA = Diethylenetriamine): A Novel Porous Gallium Phosphate Containing 24-Ring ChannelsChia-Her Lin, Sue-Lein Wang, and Kwang-Hwa LiiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Chemistry, National Central University Chungli, Taiwan, R.O.C. Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 19, 4649–4650Publication Date (Web):April 24, 2001Publication History Received4 January 2001Published online24 April 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0100468https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0100468rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1197Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Crystals,Materials,Phosphates,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
Gangliosides as Receptors for Biological Toxins:  Development of Sensitive Fluoroimmunoassays Using Ganglioside-Bearing Liposomes (2000)

Gangliosides, glycosphingolipids present in the membranes of neuronal and other cells, are natural receptors for a number of bacterial toxins and viruses whose sensitive detection is of interest in clinical medicine as well as in biological warfare or terrorism incidents. Liposomes containing gangliosides mimic cells that are invaded by bacterial toxins and can be used as sensitive probes for detecting these toxins. We discuss detection of three bacterial toxins-tetanus, botulinum, and cholera toxins using ganglioside-bearing liposomes. Tetanus and botulinum toxins selectively bind gangliosides of the G1b series, namely, GT1b, GD1b, and GQ1b; and cholera toxin binds GM1 very specifically. Unilamellar liposomes containing GT1b or GM1 as one of the constituent lipids were prepared by extrusion through polycarbonate membranes. To impart signal generation capability to these liposomes, fluorophore-labeled lipids were incorporated in the bilayer of liposomes. The fluorescent liposomes, containing both a marker (rhodamine) and a receptor (GT1b or GM1) in the bilayer, were used in sandwich fluoroimmunoassays for tetanus, botulinum, and cholera toxins and as low as 1 nM of each toxin could be detected. The apparent dissociation constants of liposome-toxin complexes were in 10(-8) M range, indicating strong binding. This is the first report on detection of tetanus and botulinum toxins based on specific recognition by gangliosides. The fluorescent liposomes are attractive as immunoreagents for another reason as well--they provide enormous signal amplification for each binding event as each liposome contains up to 22,000 rhodamine molecules. The present approach using receptors incorporated in bilayers of liposomes offers a unique solution to employ water-insoluble receptors, such as glycolipids and membrane proteins, for sensitive detection of toxins and other clinically important biomolecules.
Use of Topical Insulin to Normalize Corneal Epithelial Healing in Diabetes Mellitus (2007)

Direct application of insulin may serve as an important strategy for treating diabetic keratopathy.
Ueber einige substituirte Amide der Oxalsäure (1897)

C h l o r m e t hy 1 -m -X y l y l k e t o n , HI (CHS)~COCH,CI.1.9. 4 Ebenso wirkt Chloracetylchlorid anf m-Xylol.Die Operationen waren dieselben, wie vorstehend angegeben.Das sich bildende Chlorketon krystallisirt aus Alkohol in weissen, langen RIBttern, die bei 62-630 schmelzen und leicht in Alkohol lBslich sind.
Colonization of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Neonates (2011)

Bacterial colonization of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract has emerged as an issue involving nutrition, immunity, and overall mortality. Bacterial organisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract play a vital role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, including digestion, nutrient absorption, and immunological mechanisms. In neonates, these bacteria are essential in postnatal development of intestinal mucosa and gut-associated lymphoid tissue critical for immunological protection. Colonization of bacteria is thought to occur over the first 1 to 2 weeks of life. Delivery mode, feeding method, and environment affect the succession and establishment of the beneficial bacteria in the neonate. Neonates delivered vaginally are colonized by the bacteria from the mother, whereas neonates delivered via caesarean section initially colonize with bacteria from the environment. Feeding method is another factor; Bifidobacterium species are believed to dominate the microflora of breastfed infants by day of life 2 to 3 and are thought to be critical in postnatal immunology. Formula-fed infants often have a more diverse microflora and a less obvious presence of the Bifidobacterium. Compared with healthy, term neonates, preterm infants have a significant delay in bacterial colonization. The effects of an immature gastrointestinal track, lack of enteral feeding, and the frequent use of antibiotic therapy are believed to contribute to the delay and imbalance in the microflora of preterm infants. Prolonged exposure to hospital bacteria increases the risk of colonization with strains specific to hospital flora.
Synthesis design of artificial magnetic metamaterials using a genetic algorithm (2008)

In this article, we present a genetic algorithm (GA) as one branch of artificial intelligence (AI) for the optimization-design of the artificial magnetic metamaterial whose structure is automatically generated by computer through the filling element methodology. A representative design example, metamaterials with permeability of negative unity, is investigated and the optimized structures found by the GA are presented. It is also demonstrated that our approach is effective for the synthesis of functional magnetic and electric metamaterials with optimal structures. This GA-based optimization-design technique shows great versatility and applicability in the design of functional metamaterials.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: levofloxacin‐based rescue regimens after <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> treatment failure (2005)

After H. pylori eradication failure, levofloxacin-based rescue regimen is more effective and better tolerated than the generally recommended quadruple therapy. A 10-day combination of levofloxacin-amoxicillin-proton pump inhibitor constitutes an encouraging second-line alternative.