gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of suboptimal strategies for optimal own-ship maneuvers in bearings-only tracking (1998)

Suboptimal optimization techniques for computing observer trajectories in the bearings-only tracking problem, are considered. It is well known that the observer motion can aid in the quality of track performance, The aim is to obtain tight bounds on the location and velocity of this target through own ship maneuvers. The authors (1997), derived two mutual information measures and optimal trajectories were computed via dynamic programming. The memory requirements and the computational burden for computing optimal observer paths via dynamic programming is prohibitive. Thus, suboptimal strategies are explored here which considerably reduce the computational cost. The optimization methods are divided into two groups. In the first group a scalar function of the target state error covariance matrix is minimized, while in the second group approximate forward-reduced complexity-dynamic programming techniques are used. Simulation studies are carried out that compare the suboptimal optimization methods proposed in this paper.
Poor compliance and increased mortality, depression and healthcare costs in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2018)

This first analysis of CAH in routine UK healthcare suggests that patients with CAH have increased mortality, depression and healthcare utilisation and low treatment adherence.
Transient and Stable Expression of Antibodies in Nicotiana Species (2012)

Expression and purification of recombinant proteins produced in plants is emerging as an affordable alternative to using more costly mammalian bioreactors since plants are capable of producing mammalian proteins at high concentrations. There are two general methods of expressing foreign proteins in plants, namely, transient expression and stable transgenic expression. Both methods have advantages which serve different purposes. Nicotiana benthamiana is primarily used as plant host for transient expression of foreign proteins. This system is capable of producing high yields of antibody in a relatively short period of time (days); however, intensive upstream processing is required as each plant must be infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells by vacuum infiltration. N. tabacum is often used for production of stable transgenic plants through a procedure that requires longer development time (months). Although antibody yields are smaller compared with the transient method, the advantage of using stable transgenic expression is that very little upstream process management is required once homozygous seed lines are developed. In this chapter, we describe the basic methodologies for expressing antibodies in plants using the transient and transgenic systems.
Adaptive Artificial Neural Network-Based Models for Instantaneous Power Estimation Enhancement in Electric Vehicles’ Li-Ion Batteries (2018)

This paper investigates the role of artificial neural networks in enhancing the accuracy of instantaneous power estimation of electric vehicles' batteries. In electric vehicles, a battery is used as a main or complementary bidirectional power source. To optimize the energy management of the vehicle, the power sourced or sinked by the battery must be estimated in real time under any condition. The power of the battery is a function of many variables including the current, the state of charge, the ambient temperature, and the state of health. This paper evaluates some existing equivalent circuit models for estimating the instantaneous power of electric vehicles' batteries and proposes new artificial neural network-based models to enhance the power estimation accuracy. The experimental data obtained by performing standardized electric vehicle tests using a 3.6-V/16.5-Ah lithium-ion battery cell and a 12.8-V/150-Ah lithium-ion battery pack are presented and used for models' evaluation.
Beta-radiation for coronary in-stent restenosis (2000)

To determine the feasibility and safety of an intracoronary beta-radiation device in preventing the recurrence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after successful angioplasty, we studied 37 patients treated with beta-radiation (30-mm strontium-90 source) after angioplasty. The mean reference diameter was 2.9 +/- 0.5 mm, and 62% of lesions were diffuse, including four total occlusions. Beta-radiation was successfully delivered in 36 of 37 (97%) cases. Over the course of 7.1 +/- 4.5 mo follow-up, there were no myocardial infarctions and three deaths: one from preexisting malignancy, one from progressive cardiac failure, and one from sudden cardiac death. Target vessel revascularization (TVR) was performed in seven of 36 (19%) patients. Thirty patients underwent angiography at 6 mo; three (10%) experienced restenosis (diameter stenosis > 50%) at the target site, four (13%) had edge stenoses, and two (7%) had late (> 1 mo) thrombotic occlusions. Beta-radiation for ISR is associated with encouragingly low rates of target lesion restenosis and TVR. Further improvements are needed to solve the limitations of the edge effect and late occlusion.
Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous size‐exclusion chromatography (1982)

Abstract The effect of the ionic strength of the solvent on the size‐exclusion chromatography of narrow molecular weight dextrans and monodisperse sodium polystyrene sulfonates has been investigated. In both NaOH and NaCl solutions the elution volume of the sodium polystyrene sulfonates increased as the ionic strength was increased, while the elution volume of the dextrans decreased slightly as the ionic strength was increased. The elution data for various ionic strength solvents could not be described by the traditional universal calibration procedure of plotting the product of the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight vs. the elution volume. By using a modified calibration procedure which includes excluded volume effects, the elution data can be described for NaOH solution of moderate and high ionic strength. This modified calibration technique was unable to describe the elution data for very low ionic strength NaOH solutions and for the NaCl solutions. Possible explanations of the inability of straightforward size exclusion chromatographic calibration techniques to quantitatively described all the observed elution behavior are discussed.
Electrolytic Separation and Purification of Oxygen from a Gas Mixture (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrolytic Separation and Purification of Oxygen from a Gas MixtureStanley H. Langer and Robert G. HaldemanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68, 4, 962–963Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/j100786a508RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (230 KB) Get e-Alerts
6.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : All‐Polymer Thin Film Transistors Fabricated by High‐Resolution Ink‐jet Printing (2001)

Abstract All‐polymer thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated by ink‐jet printing for the first time. Source/drain electrodes are printed using a conducting polymer (PEDOT) solution on substrates with patterned wetting‐and‐dewetting regions. A channel length down to 5 μm has been achieved without short‐circuits. The TFTs show a high mobility of 0.02 cm 2 /V·s and on/off ratio of more than 10 5 . These characteristics are equal or better than reference devices with gold electrodes. The fabrication of printed inverters is also demonstrated, in which components such as gate electrodes, interconnections, via‐holes or resistors, are patterned with the ink‐jet technique.
Dimeric and Oligomeric Steroids (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimeric and Oligomeric SteroidsYuexian Li and Jerry Ray DiasView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1, 283–304Publication Date (Web):February 5, 1997Publication History Received14 June 1996Revised23 October 1996Published online5 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9600565https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9600565research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1442Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Oligomers,Pyrazine,Pyrroles,Reaction products,Steroids Get e-Alerts
Effect of Polymer Grafting Density on Mechanophore Activation at Heterointerfaces (2016)

Silica nanoparticles grafted with poly(methyl acrylate) chains whose anchor points are maleimide-anthracene cycloadducts were prepared at various grafting densities to demonstrate fundamental characteristics of mechanophore activation at heterointerfaces. The monotonically decreasing correlation between polymer grafting density and surface-bound maleimide-anthracene mechanophore activation was quantitatively elucidated and discussed. Presumably as a result of polymer-polymer interactions, polymer grafting density plays a significant role in heterogeneous mechanophore activation. The findings are a valuable guide in the design of efficient force-sensitive, damage-reporting polymer composites, where damage is often localized to the interface between the matrix and the reinforcing phase.
Activity of the Nurr1 Carboxyl-terminal Domain Depends on Cell Type and Integrity of the Activation Function 2 (1999)

Nurr1, a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, was recently demonstrated to be of critical importance in the developing central nervous system, where it is required for the generation of midbrain dopamine cells. Nuclear receptors encompass a transcriptional activation function (activation function 2; AF2) within their carboxyl-terminal domains important for ligand-induced transcriptional activation. Since a Nurr1 ligand remains to be identified, the role of the Nurr1 AF2 region in transcriptional activation is unclear. However, here we show that the Nurr1 AF2 contributes to constitutive activation independent of exogenously added ligands in human embryo kidney 293 cells and in neural cell lines. Extensive mutagenesis indicated a crucial role of the AF2 core region for transactivation but also identified unique features differing from previously characterized receptors. In addition, Nurr1 did not appear to interact with, and was not stimulated by, several previously identified coactivators such as the steroid receptor coactivator 1. In contrast, adenovirus protein E1A, stably expressed in 293 cells, was shown to contribute to AF2-dependent activation. Finally, while the AF2 core of RXR is required for ligand-induced transcriptional activation by Nurr1-RXR heterodimers, the functional integrity of Nurr1 AF2 core is not critical. These results establish that the ligand binding domain of Nurr1 has intrinsic capacity for transcriptional activation depending on cell type and mode of DNA binding. Furthermore, these results are consistent with the possibility that gene expression in the central nervous system can be modulated by an as yet unidentified ligand interacting with the ligand binding domain of Nurr1.
Synthesis of structurally unusual fluorocarbons by direct fluorination (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of structurally unusual fluorocarbons by direct fluorinationN. J. Maraschin, B. D. Catsikis, L. H. Davis, G. Jarvinen, and R. J. LagowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 3, 513–517Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00836a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00836a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of tendon elasticity in the locomotion of the camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) (1982)

Several ofthe distal leg muscles ofcamels have very short or even rudimentary muscle fibres. This makes it possible to calculate the elastic extensions of tendons that occur in running, from the leg positions observed in films. A series of experiments have been performed for this purpose on the dissected legs of a camel. The initial conclusions derived from them are modified in the light of estimates of the forces that act on the tendons, and of measurements of the elastic properties of one tendon. Evidence for movement at the intertarsal and tarso‐metatarsal joints. and the corresponding joints of the fore leg, is examined. The importance of the various tendons as elastic energy stores in running is assessed.
Altered expression of microRNA in the airway wall in chronic asthma: miR-126 as a potential therapeutic target (2011)

In this model of chronic asthma, there was an initial increase in expression of a small number of miRNAs in the airway wall, notably miR-126. However, this later declined to baseline levels, suggesting that sustained changes in miRNA may not be essential for perpetuation of chronic asthma. Moreover, inhibition of miR-126 by administration of an antagomir suppressed eosinophil recruitment into the airways but had no effect on chronic inflammation in the airway wall, or on changes of remodelling, suggesting that multiple miRNAs are likely to regulate the development of these lesions.
Arsenic in Ground-Water Resources of the United States (2000)

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element in rocks, soils, and the waters in contact with them. Recognized as a toxic element for centuries, arsenic today also is a human health concern because it can contribute to skin, bladder, and other cancers (National Research Council, 1999). Recently, the National Research Council (1999) recommended lowering the current maximum contaminant level (MCL) allowed for arsenic in drinking water of 50 ?g/L (micrograms per liter), citing risks for developing bladder and other cancers. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) will propose a new, and likely lower, arsenic MCL during 2000 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000). This fact sheet provides information on where and to what extent natural concentrations of arsenic in ground water exceed possible new standards. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has collected and analyzed arsenic in potable (drinkable) water from 18,850 wells in 595 counties across the United States during the past two decades. These wells are used for irrigation, industrial purposes, and research, as well as for public and private water supply. Arsenic concentrations in samples from these wells are similar to those found in nearby public supplies (see Focazio and others, 1999). The large number of samples, broad geographic coverage, and consistency of methods produce a more accurate and detailed picture of arsenic concentrations than provided by any previous studies.
Model Evaluation Guidelines for Systematic Quantification of Accuracy in Watershed Simulations (2007)

Watershed models are powerful tools for simulating the effect of watershed processes and management on soil and water resources. However, no comprehensive guidance is available to facilitate model evaluation in terms of the accuracy of simulated data compared to measured flow and constituent values. Thus, the objectives of this research were to: (1) determine recommended model evaluation techniques (statistical and graphical), (2) review reported ranges of values and corresponding performance ratings for the recommended statistics, and (3) establish guidelines for model evaluation based on the review results and project-specific considerations; all of these objectives focus on simulation of streamflow and transport of sediment and nutrients. These objectives were achieved with a thorough review of relevant literature on model application and recommended model evaluation methods. Based on this analysis, we recommend that three quantitative statistics, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR), in addition to the graphical techniques, be used in model evaluation. The following model evaluation performance ratings were established for each recommended statistic. In general, model simulation can be judged as satisfactory if NSE > 0.50 and RSR < 0.70, and if PBIAS + 25% for streamflow, PBIAS + 55% for sediment, and PBIAS + 70% for N and P. For PBIAS, constituent-specific performance ratings were determined based on uncertainty of measured data. Additional considerations related to model evaluation guidelines are also discussed. These considerations include: single-event simulation, quality and quantity of measured data, model calibration procedure, evaluation time step, and project scope and magnitude. A case study illustrating the application of the model evaluation guidelines is also provided.
Elastic moduli of a boron nitride nanotube (2007)

The elastic properties of boron nitride nanotubes have been calculated using the Tersoff–Brenner potential which is a bond order potential used successfully previously for carbon nanotubes. In the present calculation, the same form of potential is used with adjusted parameters for hexagonal boron nitride. The Young's modulus and shear modulus for single-walled armchair and zigzag tubes of different radii have been calculated. The effects of tube diameter are investigated. The computational results show the variation of Young's modulus and shear modulus of boron nitride nanotubes with nanotube diameter. The results have been compared with available data, experimental as well as calculated.
Topical sulfur mustard induces changes in prostaglandins and interleukin-1 alpha in isolated perfused porcine skin (1995)

Su1fur mustard BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) SULFIDE, HD is an alkylating agent that causes severe cutaneous injury. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) is an in vitro model that has been utilized in cutaneous toxicity research. The objective of this study was to characterize the local IPPSF inflammatory response after topical exposure to 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml of I (n = 5/treatment, n = 5/control). Biochemical markers of viability CUMULATIVE GLUCOSE UTILIZATION (CGU), vascular resistance (VR), morphological parameters, and venous flux of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2% (PGF2%, and interleukin la (IL la)) were determined. HD caused a dose-related response in the formation of gross blisters, and epidermal-dermal separation. Decreases in CGU and an increase in VR were seen in all HD-treated IPPsFs. Increase of both PGE2 and PGF2a was observed only in 5.0 mg/ml HD treatment, which showed the greatest increase in VR, while the 10.0 mg/nil concentration of HD enhanced the release of IL-1a. These results suggest that HD is a potent dermal toxic agent that induces alterations in glucose metabolism and vascular resistance, which resulted in dose-specific patterns of PGE2, PGF2a and IL-la release.
Beta-carotene and CNS oxygen toxicity in rats (1994)

Beta-carotenes are reported to be potent free radical quenchers, singlet oxygen scavengers, and lipid antioxidants. Oxygen free radicals that are produced in excess during exposure to oxygen at high pressures and overwhelm the body's normal antioxidant defense systems seem to mediate the hyperoxic insult. We decided to test the possible protective effect against central nervous system oxygen toxicity of a natural beta-carotene composed of equal amounts of the all-trans and 9-cis isomers obtained from the unicellular halotolerant alga Dunaliella bardawil. Rats implanted with chronic cortical electrodes for continuous electroencephalogram monitoring were fed on ground commercial food enriched with natural beta-carotene (1 g/kg diet). On completion of 1 wk of the diet, the rats were exposed to 0.5 MPa oxygen and then their livers were removed for beta-carotene and vitamin A analysis. A significant increase was noted in the latent period preceding oxygen seizures in the group of rats in which the diet was supplemented by natural beta-carotene compared with rats given a normal diet (38.5 +/- 3.4 vs. 16.8 +/- 1.8 min; P < 0.05). Further experiments are required to evaluate the potential benefit of supplementing the diet of divers and patients exposed to high pressures of oxygen with the beta-carotene-rich D. bardawil.