gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of conductivity and transmittance of ZnO films by post hydrogen plasma treatment (2009)

We studied the effects of hydrogen plasma treatment on the electrical and optical properties of ZnO films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. It is found that the ZnO:H film is highly transparent with the average transmittance of 92% in the visible range. Both carrier concentration and mobility are increased after hydrogen plasma treatment, correspondingly, the resistivity of the ZnO:H films achieves the order of 10−3 Ω cm. We suggest that the incorporated hydrogen not only passivates most of the defects and/or acceptors present, but also introduces shallow donor states such as the VO-H complex and the interstitial hydrogen Hi. Moreover, the annealing data indicate that Hi is unstable in ZnO, while the VO-H complex remains stable on the whole at 400 °C, and the latter diffuses out when the annealing temperature increases to 500 °C. These results make ZnO:H more attractive for future applications as transparent conducting electrodes.
Integrating motif, DNA accessibility and gene expression data to build regulatory maps in an organism (2015)

Characterization of cell type specific regulatory networks and elements is a major challenge in genomics, and emerging strategies frequently employ high-throughput genome-wide assays of transcription factor (TF) to DNA binding, histone modifications or chromatin state. However, these experiments remain too difficult/expensive for many laboratories to apply comprehensively to their system of interest. Here, we explore the potential of elucidating regulatory systems in varied cell types using computational techniques that rely on only data of gene expression, low-resolution chromatin accessibility, and TF-DNA binding specificities ('motifs'). We show that static computational motif scans overlaid with chromatin accessibility data reasonably approximate experimentally measured TF-DNA binding. We demonstrate that predicted binding profiles and expression patterns of hundreds of TFs are sufficient to identify major regulators of ∼200 spatiotemporal expression domains in the Drosophila embryo. We are then able to learn reliable statistical models of enhancer activity for over 70 expression domains and apply those models to annotate domain specific enhancers genome-wide. Throughout this work, we apply our motif and accessibility based approach to comprehensively characterize the regulatory network of fruitfly embryonic development and show that the accuracy of our computational method compares favorably to approaches that rely on data from many experimental assays.
Gold Nanoparticle Sensor for Homocysteine Thiolactone-Induced Protein Modification (2008)

Homocysteine thiolactone-induced protein modification (HTPM) is a unique post-translational protein modification that is recognized as an emergent biomarker for cardiovascular disease. HTPM involves the site-specific acylation of proteins at lysine residues by homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) to produce protein homocystamide, which has been found at elevated levels in patients with coronary heart disease. Herein, we report the development of a novel gold nanoparticle (GNP) biochemical sensor for detection of protein homocystamide in an in vitro serum protein-based model system. Human serum albumin (HSA) and human sera were subjected to HTPM in vitro to produce HSA-homocystamide or serum protein homocystamide, respectively, which was subsequently treated with citrate-capped GNPs. This GNP sensor typically provided instantaneous visual confirmation of HTPM in the protein model systems. Transmission electron microscopy images of the GNPs in the presence of HSA-homocystamide suggest that modification-directed nanoparticle assembly is the mechanism by which the biochemical sensor produces a colorimetric signal. The resultant nanoparticle-protein assembly exhibited excellent thermal and dilutional stability, which is expected for a system stabilized by chemisorption and intermolecular disulfide bonding. The sensor typically provided a linear response for modified human sera concentrations greater than approximately 5 mg/mL. The calculated limit of detection and calibration sensitivity for the method in human sera were 5.2 mg/mL and 13.6 AU . (microg/mL)-1, respectively.
Corneal Light Scattering After Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy: The Objective Measurements of Haze (1992)

It appears that this device is very useful to defect and measure objectively disturbances in corneal transparency after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.
Structure of Zinc Oxide Nuclei (1963)

In the classical analysis of nucleation of a crystalline phase from a fluid phase it is assumed that the nucleus is a perfect single crystal. In the present paper it is shown that ZnO fourlings almost certainly nucleate as fourfold twins. Alternative nucleation mechanisms are described which would account for a polycrystalline nucleus.
Development and Evaluation of a Multi-Functional Steering Wheel Switch (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper we propose a new multi-functional steering wheel switch for HVAC and audio systems. This new switch has five buttons on the front side of the spoke area and one button with vibration on the backside of it. Drivers can operate either HVAC or audio functions with the front switches, and HVAC or audio mode can be alternatively selected by pressing the back switch. Since different vibration modes are assigned for the HVAC and audio mode, drivers can also easily recognize which function can be operated. By changing the assignment of the mode in this way, the switch can operate more than 10 functions with 6 buttons allocated on the spoke area. Several kinds of evaluations were performed in order to develop this multi-functional switch.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">At first, to optimize the positions of the buttons, the behaviors of thumbs and fingers were measured. Also the physical workload of the thumb motion and middle fingers' postures was evaluated when subjects operated the switches. Secondly, tactile sensibility of humans was investigated, and sensory evaluations concerned with vibration sensitivity were performed to decide the specification of the vibration. Thirdly, functions for operating the HVAC and audio systems with this switch were selected by considering driving situations. Finally, the switch that was developed based on the results of these evaluations was re-evaluated by using a driving simulator to verify the operability of the switch.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As a result of this evaluation, it was shown that the new switch with the functions for both the HVAC and audio systems performs well compared to the conventional switches.</div>
Involvement of a Putative Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase and IκB-α Serine Phosphorylation in Nuclear Factor κB Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor (1995)

Inhibitors of phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatases, pervanadate and phenylarsine oxide, abrogate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) nuclear translocation in transformed cell lines (U-937 and Jurkat) and primary fibroblasts (MRC-5 and REF). The inhibitors also abrogate NF-kappa B activation by the phosphoseryl/threonyl protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid in U-937 cells. Inhibition of NF-kappa B activation is not due to a general inhibitory effect since neither pervanadate nor phenylarsine oxide treatment affected the constitutive DNA-binding activity of the transcription factors octamer-1 and cAMP response element-binding protein in U-937 cells, nor did these compounds inhibit the TNF-induced phosphorylation of proteins, viz. hsp-27, eukaryotic initiation factor 4e, and pp19, in MRC-5 fibroblasts. Overexpression of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase HPTP alpha resulted in a constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B-like DNA-binding activity in REF cells. Conversely, treatment of human protein-tyrosine phosphatase alpha-overexpressing cells with phenylarsine oxide led to a loss of the constitutive NF-kappa B activity. The presence of a tyrosine phosphorylation site on the inhibitor of NF-kappa B (I kappa B-alpha) suggested that it could be a target for TNF/okadaic acid-induced tyrosine dephosphorylation. However, no tyrosine phosphorylation was detected on I kappa B-alpha fron unstimulated cells, while TNF/okadaic acid-treated cells showed increased phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha exclusively at serine residue(s). Treatment of cells with pervanadate inhibited TNF-induced I kappa B-alpha phosphorylation and degradation, whereas the serine protease inhibitors tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone prevented TNF-induced I kappa B-alpha degradation and NF-kappa B nuclear translocation, but not the TNF-induced phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha. The data suggest that TNF and okadaic acid induce the activation of a putative protein-tyrosine phosphatase(s), leading to I kappa B-alpha serine phosphorylation and degradation and NF-kappa B nuclear translocation.
A Functionally Stable Manganese Oxide Oxygen Evolution Catalyst in Acid (2014)

First-row metals have been a target for the development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts because they comprise noncritical elements. We now report a comprehensive electrochemical characterization of manganese oxide (MnOx) over a wide pH range, and establish MnOx as a functionally stable OER catalyst owing to self-healing, is derived from MnOx redeposition that offsets catalyst dissolution during turnover. To study this process in detail, the oxygen evolution mechanism of MnOx was investigated electrokinetically over a pH range spanning acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions. In the alkaline pH regime, a ∼60 mV/decade Tafel slope and inverse first-order dependence on proton concentration were observed, whereas the OER acidic pH regime exhibited a quasi-infinite Tafel slope and zeroth-order dependence on proton concentration. The results reflect two competing mechanisms: a one-electron one-proton PCET pathway that is dominant under alkaline conditions and a Mn(3+) disproportionation process, which predominates under acidic conditions. Reconciling the rate laws of these two OER pathways with that of MnOx electrodeposition elucidates the self-healing characteristics of these catalyst films. The intersection of the kinetic profile of deposition and that of water oxidation as a function of pH defines the region of kinetic stability for MnOx and importantly establishes that a non-noble metal oxide OER catalyst may be operated in acid by exploiting a self-healing process.
Antitumor Carbazoles (2007)

Natural and synthetic carbazoles, either in a pure substituted or in an annellated substituted form, represent an important and heterogeneous class of anticancer agents, which has grown considerably over the last two decades. Many carbazole derivatives have been tested for cyctotoxic activity, some of them have entered clinical trials, but only very few have been approved for the treatment of cancer so far, since the clinical application of many carbazoles has encountered problems like severe side effects or multidrug resistance. Due to their polycyclic, planar and aromatic structure carbazoles are predestined for intercalation into DNA and therefore DNA remains one of the main targets for cytotoxic carbazoles. For many carbazoles cytotoxicity can be related to DNA-dependent enzyme inhibition such as topoisomerase I/II and telomerase. But also other targets such as cyclin-dependent kinases and estrogen receptors have emerged.
An operational semantics of Java 2 access control (2002)

Java 2 Security enhanced with the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) provide sophisticated access control features via a user-configurable authorization policy. Fine-grained access control, code-based as well as user-based authorization, and implicit access rights allow the implementation of real-world policies, but of the cost of increased complexity. We provide a formal specification of the Java 2 and JAAS access control model that helps remove ambiguities of the informal definitions. It defines Java 2 access control in terms of an abstract machine, whose behavior is determined by a small set of transition rules. We illustrate the power of Java 2 access control by showing how commonly encountered authorization requirements can be implemented in Java 2.
Developing Biodegradable Mulch Films from Starch-Based Polymers (2001)

This paper examines the development of starch-based plastics for use as biodegradable mulch film. A variety of starch-based polymers are blended with high performance biodegradable polyester polymers in order to determine the applicability of films to be processed on a film blowing line and to perform well in mulch film field trials. The process of material formulation, film blowing processing and scale-up and performance properties are highlighted for a successful material. Insights into future developments of starch-derived biodegradable polymers are given.
Articulatory movement prediction using deep bidirectional long short-term memory based recurrent neural networks and word/phone embeddings (2015)

Automatic prediction of articulatory movements from speech or text can be beneficial for many applications such as speech recognition and synthesis. A recent approach has reported stateof-the-art performance in speech-to-articulatory prediction using feed forward neural networks. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using bidirectional long short-term memory based recurrent neural networks (BLSTM-RNNs) in articulatory movement prediction because they have long-context trajectory modeling ability. We show on the MNGU0 dataset that BLSTM-RNN apparently outperforms feed forward networks and pushes the state-of-the-art RMSE from 0.885 mm to 0.565 mm. On the other hand, predicting articulatory information from text heavily relies on handcrafted linguistic and prosodic features, e.g., POS and TOBI labels. In this paper, we propose to use word and phone embeddings to substitute these manual features. Word/phone embedding features are automatically learned from unlabeled text data by a neural network language model. We show that word and phone embeddings can achieve comparable performance without using POS and TOBI features. More promisingly, combining the conventional full feature set with phone embedding, the lowest RMSE is achieved.
Evaluation of a Nuclease-Resistant Derivative of Poly(I)·Poly(C) [Poly(ICLC)] as a Radioprotective Agent (1979)

Wallace B. Baze, Eduard Lvovsky, Glen A. Higbee, Hilton B. Levy, Duane E. Hilmas, Evaluation of a Nuclease-Resistant Derivative of Poly(I)·Poly(C) [Poly(ICLC)] as a Radioprotective Agent, Radiation Research, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Feb., 1979), pp. 276-284
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Branched Olefins (1986)

Two previous articles in this series were devoted to gas chromatographic analysis of monoalkyl-branched paraffins and polymethyl-branched paraffins. The present paper represents an extension of the principles used for the analysis of alkanes to the analysis of olefins (alpha and internal) with branched alkyl groups. The principal approach was synthesis of a series of olefins with known structures. These olefins were obtained by co-oligomerization of ethylene with higher alpha olefins (propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, and 1-decene), as well as by thermocracking of branched alkanes (e.g., 2-methyltetradecane, 7-methylpentadecane, 9-methylhep-tadecane, 2,6-dimethylundecane), and by catalytic isomerization of the olefins obtained in thermocracking reactions. Analysis of experimental data on retention times of various branched olefins demonstrated validity of the additivity principle earlier developed for multibranched alkanes, for the estimation of retention times of olefins with branched alkyl groups. Applications of the additivity principle are demonstrated in the analysis of olefins formed in thermocracking of three multibranched alkanes: pristane, phytane, and squalane.
Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of<i>syn</i>-2,3-Disubstituted 1,4-Diketones<i>via</i>Oxidative Coupling of Metalated Hydrazones (1998)

An efficient diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of syn-2,3-disubstituted 1,4-diketones 4 is described. Key step of the procedure is the oxidative coupling of the metalated SAMP/RAMP-hydrazones 2 with iodine, followed by oxidative cleavage of the dimerized bishydrazones 3 with ozone and subsequent separation of the minor meso-isomer by chromatography. The d,l-isomers of the title 1,4-diketones 4 are obtained in good overall yields (20-64%) and high diastereo- and enantiomeric excesses (de ≥ 98%, ee = 80- ≥ 95%).
Development of a peptide-siRNA nanocomplex targeting NF- κB for efficient cartilage delivery (2019)

Delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in an effective dose to articular cartilage is very challenging as the cartilage dense extracellular matrix renders the chondrocytes inaccessible, even to intra-articular injections. Herein, we used a self-assembling peptidic nanoparticle (NP) platform featuring a cell penetrating peptide complexed to NF-κB p65 siRNA. We show that it efficiently and deeply penetrated human cartilage to deliver its siRNA cargo up to a depth of at least 700 μm. To simulate osteoarthritis in vitro, human articular cartilage explants were placed in culture and treated with IL-1β, a cytokine with known cartilage catabolic and pro-inflammatory effects. Exposure of peptide-siRNA NP to cartilage explants markedly suppressed p65 activation, an effect that persisted up to 3 weeks after an initial 48 h exposure to NP and in the presence of continuous IL-1β stimulation. Suppression of IL-1β-induced p65 activity attenuated chondrocyte apoptosis and maintained cartilage homeostasis. These findings confirm our previous in vivo studies in a murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and suggest that the ability of peptide-siRNA NP to specifically modulate NF-κB pathway, a central regulator of the inflammatory responses in chondrocytes, may potentially mitigate the progression of cartilage degeneration.
Genetic Engineering of Cytokinins and Their Application to Agriculture (2008)

Cytokinins are master regulators of plant growth and development. They are involved in the regulation of many important physiological and metabolic processes. Recent progress in cytokinin research at the molecular level, including identification of related genes and cytokinin receptors, plus elucidation of signal transduction, has greatly increased our understanding of cytokinin actions. Although still in its infant stage, molecular breeding of crops with altered cytokinin metabolism, when combined with the transgenic approach, has shown very promising potential for application to agriculture. In this review we briefly introduce recent progress in cytokinin molecular biology, discuss applications of cytokinin genetic engineering to agriculture, and present implications and future research directions.
An On-Chip Ldo Voltage Regulator With Improved Current Buffer Compensation (2012)

A fully on-chip low drop-out (LDO) voltage regulator with 100pF output load capacitor is presented. A novel frequency compensation scheme using current buffer is adopted to realize single dominant pole within the unit gain frequency of the regulation loop, the phase margin (PM) is at least 50 degree under the full range of the load current, and the power supply rejection (PSR) character is improved compared with conventional Miller compensation. Besides, the differentiator provides a high speed path during the load current transient. Implemented in 0.18μm CMOS technology, the LDO voltage regulator provides 100mA load current with a stable 1.8V output voltage consuming 80μA quiescent current.
Chemical Analysis of Firearms, Ammunition, and Gunshot Residue (2008)

Firearms and their associated ammunition, spent bullets, and spent cartridge cases provide useful information for identifying suspects, terrorist groups, and the criminal history of a weapon. Unfortunately, despite the numerous detailed books on the physical aspects of firearms, very little has been published on the chemical aspects, and what has b
Polycystic Renal Disease: A New Experimental Model (1967)

A single injection of any one of several long-acting adrenal corticosteroids at birth induces progressive cystic changes in nephrons which develop in the subcapsular zone of the rabbit kidney until 10 days after birth. These cystic lesions enlarge progressively and become visible within a few days after birth. When the animal is 2 weeks old, renal size has become three times as large as that of uninjected littermates. Adrenal corticosteroids prolong the duration of nephrogenic activity in the renal cortex. The cysts are blind and represent dilatation of the developing end of the collecting ducts. When the steroid-induced hypokalemia is prevented with repeated potassium chloride injections, renal cystic disease is almost completely prevented. Certain long-acting steroids induce cystic renal changes without systemic signs of toxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligonucleotides Having Covalently Linked Anthracene at Specific Sugar Residue: Differential Binding to DNA and RNA and Fluorescence Properties. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prioritising Avifauna Conservation (2000)

How should bird conservation efforts be prioritised? This article reviews two approaches—the Collar et al. (1994) global study of threatened bird species and Garnett's (1992b) analysis for Australia. Each of these studies uses IUCN ‘extinction risk threshold’ criteria to derive conservation ‘hotspots’ where effort should be concentrated. Difficulties with IUCN rankings stem from two implicit assumptions: (i) that the conservation objective is always to maximise the number of surviving taxa and (ii) that conservation in different ‘hotspots’ is equally costly. Garnett attempts to circumvent these limiting assumptions by supposing lexicographic conservation preferences. This is partly successful but still leads to prioritisation anomalies.
Continuous Relaxation and Local Maxima Selection: Conditions for Equivalence (1981)

Relaxation labeling processes are a class of iterative algorithms for using contextual information to reduce local ambiguities. This paper introduces a new perspective toward relaxation-that of considering it as a process for reordering labels attached to nodes in a graph. This new perspective is used to establish the formal equivalence between relaxation and another widely used algorithm, local maxima selection. The equivalence specifies conditions under which a family of cooperative relaxation algorithms, which generalize the well-known ones, decompose into purely local ones. Since these conditions are also sufficient for guaranteeing the convergence of relaxation processes, they serve as stopping criteria. We feel that equivalences such as these are necessary for the proper application of relaxation and maxima selection in complex speech and vision understanding systems.
High-speed actuation of a piezoelectric actuator by pulse driving and stopping of its residual mechanical vibration (1990)

The driving method for high-speed actuation and prevention of residual vibration of a piezoelectric actuator is described. The driving voltage is composed of a pulse voltage and a step voltage. As a result, the risetime of the piezoelectric actuator can be reduced to approximately 1/4 of its mechanical response period by setting the pulse width, and the residual vibration can be prevented by adjusting the step voltage. The high-speed stopping of a piezoelectric actuator driven by AC power at its resonance is discussed.