gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Visual Assessment of Dopamine Transporter Imaging in Early Parkinsonism (2014)

Dopamine transporter (DaT) imaging may be supportive in the initial clinical diagnostic workup in patients with suspected parkinsonian diseases, given that the method has the potential to detect dopaminergic degeneration. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of visual assessment of the initial DaT single-photon emission CT (DaT-SPECT) with <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT in a large group of early-stage parkinsonian patients. After inclusion in a long-term multidisciplinary population-based prospective study, a baseline DaT-SPECT was done in 171 incidental, L-dopa-naïve, parkinsonian patients (102 men and 69 women) and 37 healthy controls (19 men and 18 women). The results of the DaT-SPECTs were linked to criteria-based clinical diagnoses, which were set after a mean follow-up of 4.6 (±1.7) years. The outcome of the visual assessment was also compared with that of a semiquantitative evaluation method using regions of interest to measure uptake ratios in the caudate and putamen. We found that visual assessment of DaT-SPECT in clinically diagnosed incidental Parkinson's disease patients had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 92%, rendering a positive likelihood ratio of 11.75 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.07. The proportion of false positives was 1.4% and false negatives 4.8% at baseline. These figures were comparable to those of the semiquantitative method. This study demonstrates that visual interpretation of presynaptic dopamine imaging with <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT offers reliable support in the diagnostic procedure of early parkinsonian diseases.
Digital Light Deflection (1964)

A digital method of deflecting a light beam using n optical modulators and n uniaxial crystals to provide 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> positions of the beam is described. The input-output relations for one special configuration are derived. Optical problems and limitations are investigated and, in particular, it is found that the upper limit to the density of positions is about 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> /sq. in. Presently available modulators are considered, and it is found that a KDP modulator has a power limitation above 1 mc operation for a total number of positions of about 70,000. Finally, the applications of the method as a semipermanent memory, a PCM decoder, and a digital delay line are briefly considered.
Enhanced all-optical cavity-tuning using graphene (2019)

All-optical tuning of the resonance of an optical cavity is used to realise optical signal-processing including modulation, switching, and signal-routing. The tuning of optical resonance is dictated by the two primary effects induced by optical absorption: charge-carrier-generation and heat-generation. Since these two effects shift the resonance in opposite directions in a pure silicon-on-insulator (SOI) micro-ring resonator as well as in a graphene-on-SOI system, the efficiency and the dynamic range of all-optical resonance-tuning is limited. In this work, in a graphene-oxide-silicon waveguide system, we demonstrate an exceptional resonance-tuning-efficiency of 300 <i>p</i> <i>m</i>/<i>m</i> <i>W</i> (0.055 <i>π</i>/<i>m</i> <i>W</i>), with a large dynamic range of 1.2 <i>n</i> <i>m</i> (0.22 <i>π</i>) from linear resonance to optical bistability. The dynamics of the resonance-tuning indicates that the superior resonance-tuning is due to large linear-absorption-induced thermo-optic effect. Competing free-carrier dispersion is suppressed as a result of the large separation between graphene and the silicon core. This work reveals new ways to improve the performance of graphene-on-waveguide systems in all-optical cavity-tuning, low-frequency all-optical modulation, and switching.
New Method for Determining Dielectric Properties of Skin and Phantoms at Millimeter Waves Based on Heating Kinetics (2012)

Recent progress in millimeter-wave (MMW) wireless body-centric applications triggered an increasing interest to characterize the interactions between the millimeter waves and the human body. The determination of the dielectric properties of skin and phantoms (artificial models with tissue-equivalent dielectric properties) at MMW is crucial for the accurate evaluation of the power absorption and distribution in the skin. In this study, we show that the heating kinetics resulting from the MMW exposure can be used for the accurate determination of the penetration depth (δ) and power density (I) in different samples (1% and 4% agar phantoms, 20% and 25% polyethylene powder (PEP) phantoms, and human skin). The samples have been exposed at 60.4 GHz using an open-ended waveguide. The temperature distribution and dynamics are recorded using an infrared camera. The values of δ and I are defined by fitting the analytical solution of the bio-heat transfer equation to the experimental heating kinetics. The values of δ are further used to retrieve the permittivity spectra of materials described by Debye equation. Simultaneously, δ is calculated using the permittivity directly measured using a slim coaxial probe. Both results are in good agreement. Finally, our results demonstrate that the permittivity of a 20% PEP phantom is close to that of skin. Hence, this phantom can be used to model the MMW interactions with skin and to characterize on-body wearable MMW antennas.
Amazon Mechanical Turk for Subjectivity Word Sense Disambiguation (2010)

Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a marketplace for so-called “human intelligence tasks ” (HITs), or tasks that are easy for humans but currently difficult for automated processes. Providers upload tasks to MTurk which workers then complete. Natural language annotation is one such human intelligence task. In this paper, we investigate using MTurk to collect annotations for Subjectivity Word Sense Disambiguation (SWSD), a coarse-grained word sense disambiguation task. We investigate whether we can use MTurk to acquire good annotations with respect to gold-standard data, whether we can filter out low-quality workers (spammers), and whether there is a learning effect associated with repeatedly completing the same kind of task. While our results with respect to spammers are inconclusive, we are able to obtain high-quality annotations for the SWSD task. These results suggest a greater role for MTurk with respect to constructing a large scale SWSD system in the future, promising substantial improvement in subjectivity and sentiment analysis. 1
MicroPET and Autoradiographic Imaging of Breast Cancer α<sub>v</sub>-Integrin Expression Using <sup>18</sup>F- and <sup>64</sup>Cu-Labeled RGD Peptide (2003)

Cell adhesion molecules alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 play a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Antiangiogenic therapy by using small peptide antagonists of alphav-integrins slows tumor growth and prevents tumor spread. The ability to visualize and quantify integrin expression will enable selection of appropriate patients for clinical trials, following determination of treatment efficacy and development of new potent drugs. We have previously labeled cyclic RGD peptide c(RGDyK) with 125I and 18F and applied the radiotracers to both subcutaneous and orthotopic brain tumor models. Here we conjugated c(RGDyK) with 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-1,4,7,10-tetradodecane-N,N',N' ',N' "-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and labeled the DOTA-RGD conjugate with 64Cu (t1/2) = 12.8 h, 19% beta+) in high radiochemical purity and specific activity. The tumor targeting ability and in vivo kinetics of 64Cu-DOTA-RGD was compared with [18F]FB-RGD and 125I-RGD in orthotopic MDA-MB-435 breast cancer model. All three radiotracers revealed fast blood clearance and high tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios. 125I-RGD had higher tumor uptake than the corresponding 18F and 64Cu analogues. [18F]FB-RGD indicated a fast tumor washout rate and an unfavorable hepatobiliary excretion pathway, resulting in significant activity accumulation in gallbladder and intestines. 64Cu-DOTA-RGD had prolonged tumor retention (1.44 +/- 0.09 %ID/g at 4 h postinjection) and persistent uptake in the liver. All three tracers revealed receptor specific tumor accumulation which were illustrated by effective blocking via coinjection with a blocking dose of c(RGDyK). Static microPET imaging and whole-body autoradiography showed strong contrast from the contralateral background. In conclusion, overall molecular charge and characteristics of radiolabels have profound effects on tumor accumulation and in vivo kinetics of radiolabeled RGD peptide. Further modification of the RGD peptide and optimization of the tracer for prolonged tumor uptake and improved in vivo kinetics are being explored.
Gas-phase etching of sacrificial oxides using anhydrous HF and CH/sub 3/OH (2002)

One of the major issues in surface micromachining is process-induced failures of overhanged microstructures, after sacrificial removal. This failure process consists of temporary deformation due to capillary force and permanent stiction of the deformed microstructures to substrate due to the residue product. In order to alleviate this failure, some researchers have investigated the use of low surface-tension liquids, temporary support, sublimation of the final liquid or supercritical method. These conventional methods, however, are complicated liable to plasma damage during PR ashing, or require careful handling of the samples in rinse liquid. In this paper, we present a newly developed anhydrous HF gas-phase etching (GPE) technology for the removal of sacrificial TEOS (tetraethylorthosilicate) oxide. In order to minimize the capillary force of gas-liquid interface and residue product, methanol of low vapor pressure was employed as a catalyst instead of water vapor. The proposed process features simplicity, virtually no capillary forces and even compatibility with IC process as well. The effectiveness of HF GPE with methanol was verified by successfully fabricating the polysilicon cantilevers up to 1000 um in length with no stiction. The etch rate of HF GPE was 10-15 um/hr for the sacrificial TEOS oxide of 0.1-2 um channel height.
The Future of SCPS as an Acceleration Solution (2007)

The Department of Defense (DoD) is in the process of implementing widespread usage of IP Modems on its global network and planning to standardize them. The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) has recently published a Joint IP Modem Specification (JIPM) that defines future standards for IP modems for the entire armed forces. Included in this specification is an option for a Performance Enhancing Proxy (PEP) embedded within the modem that adheres to a communication standard published in 2005 called the Interoperable PEP (I-PEP) proposed by the Satlabs group, a European conglomerate. I-PEP builds on top of TCP, SCPS-TP, and recent TCP extensions while maintaining backward compatibility with TCP and SCPS-TP. With the introduction of a newer, optimized, open standard, it is unclear if SCPS-TP will remain the de facto standard. SCPS has been used successfully for several years in fixed bandwidth environments, but is still proving it can work successfully in all dynamic bandwidth environments that use IP modems. The direction that the MILSATCOM community is heading in regards to dynamic bandwidth environments, coupled with SCPS-TP's questionable performance metrics in those environments, brings the future of the SCPS protocol into question. Building and maintaining an open protocol benefits the military community by fostering competition from multiple vendors while still allowing for interoperability and not sacrificing performance. This paper examines a few possible alternatives to the SCPS standard given the current environment.
Development of a new shooting-and-bouncing ray (SBR) tracing method that avoids ray double counting (2002)

A simple, effective, and accurate method is proposed to solve the ray double counting problem in the ray tracing method using the reception sphere mechanism. The principle behind the method is based in characterizing received rays according to the objects they encounter from the source to the observation point and avoiding counting rays with the same characteristics. Using this method, the double counting of rays in the usual shooting-and-bouncing ray tracing procedure can be easily avoided. Results are given to validate the proposed procedure and illustrate the improved accuracy.
Surface Modification of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Poly(2‐vinylpyridine)<b>:</b> Dispersion, Selective Deposition, and Decoration of the Nanotubes (2004)

Polymer modification of carbon nanotubes is accomplished using a “grafting-to” approach. Radicals formed by the thermolysis of poly(2-vinylpyridine) terminated with a radical-stabilizing nitroxide can react with the surface of nanotubes (see Figure), resulting in grafting densities up to 12 wt.-%. The modified nanotubes, which are easily dispersed in water, can immobilize metal nanoclusters on their surfaces.
Integrated Image Design and Complex Standard Cmos Cell Generator (2005)

Standard cell generation is an optimization problem in which we attempt to optimize its width and performance, subject to the given height of the library cells. The resulting layout is affected by three factors: image definition, transistor placement and internal routing. Extensive research has been devoted for the second factor, while only few results have been published on the others. This paper presents an integrated, systematic and practical approach to standard cell generation which addresses the above three factors. Unlike the traditional practice, the new tool served both as an image design tool as well as a cell generator. The cell image was carefully designed to enable the layout of high complexity circuits while optimizing the resulting cell area and performance. The placement problem has been decomposed into several stages in order to handle efficiently large circuits. Appropriate algorithms which take advantage of the internal structure of logical circuits and aim the mind of a layout designer are employed for each stage. The proposed generic image allows various types of wiring. Appropriate routing algorithms are driven by performance considerations and minimize the width of the final layout. The resulting image definition and the cell layout algorithms are employed in an industrial design environment and yield substantial improvements in electrical performance, area utilization and productivity.
Preparation and Sintering of a Porous Glass‐Ceramic in the System Na <sub>2</sub> O‐B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐Ga <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1984)

Clear glasses were produced when SiO 2 in sodium borosilicate glasses was replaced by Ga 2 O 3 . Phase separation and/or crystallization occurred after heat treatment. The porous skeleton of leached material consisted of monoclinic β‐Ga 2 O 3 . The specific surface areas and pore radii are comparable to those of porous SiO 2 . Alumina contamination influenced the structure of the porous product.
A generalized Shiryayev sequential probability ratio test for change detection and isolation (1999)

The authors derive an online multiple hypothesis Shiryayev sequential probability ratio test (SSPRT) by adopting a dynamic programming approach. It is shown that for a certain criterion of optimality, this generalized Shiryayev SPRT detects and isolates a change in hypothesis in the conditionally independent measurement sequence in minimum time, unlike the Wald SPRT, which assumes the entire measurement sequence to correspond to a single hypothesis. The measurement cost, the cost of a false alarm, and the cost of a miss-alarm are considered in our dynamic programming analysis. The algorithm is shown to be optimal in the infinite time case. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is evaluated by using a few examples. In particular, they implement the algorithm in a fault detection and identification scheme for advanced vehicle control systems.
Charged Membrane Ultrafiltration of Multisalt Systems: Application to Acid Mine Waters (1979)

Abstract Ultrafiltration of dissolved and precipitated inorganic salts from synthetic and actual acid mine waters is investigated experimentally in a bench-scale, continuous-flow unit, utilizing negatively charged, noncellulosic membranes. The process is evaluated in terms of the simultaneous achievement of good water flux without membrane fouling and of adequate ultrafiltrate quality at high water recovery for water reuse operation. At a transmembrane pressure of 5.6 X 105 N/m2 and a channel Reynolds number of 6,000, the flux drop is less than 30%, even with a concentrated acid mine water containing 16,000 mg/1 total solids and a high CaSO4 concentration. At 90% ultrafiltrate recovery, depending on the type of noncellulosic membrane utilized, 98% iron removal, 85% aluminum removal, and 50 to 73% calcium and manganese removals can be obtained at an average water flux from 6.4X10−4 to 13.2X10−4 cm/sec. The overall ultrafiltrate quality is considerably better than that observed with a lime precipitation process.
Phase-aware predictive thermal modeling for proactive load-balancing of compute clusters (2012)

The increasing trend of high density computing environments have exacerbated the cooling infrastructure of the modern datacenters which contributes to mounting energy costs due to uncoordinated operation. By integrating information technology and infrastructure management through continuous monitoring, a balance between energy requirements of compute and cooling equipment can be achieved. Building an online thermal profile calculation with certain measure of accuracy is a complex problem due to the number of variables involved. In this paper we propose a phase-aware workload placement scheme that helps in reducing thermal variance in a cluster of compute nodes. We use a phase-aware machine learning approach to forecast server thermal profile which is then used for predicting the cluster-level thermal variance.We leverage Intel Xeon class server platform sensors and machine monitoring capability for fine grained assessment of power, thermal and compute utilization. We are able achieve thermal balance by applying intelligent placement algorithms by predetermining the thermal impact of a variation in workload's utilization on a prospective cluster of server using the forecasted temperature. Results from a prototype implementation on a typical server-cluster environment have demonstrated accurate thermal prediction and significant reduction in thermal variance.
<i>miR-146a</i> Suppresses Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2010)

The aggressive course of pancreatic cancer is believed to reflect its unusually invasive and metastatic nature, which is associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and NF-kappaB activation. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in the regulation of various pathobiological processes in cancer, including metastasis in pancreatic cancer and in other human malignancies. In this study, we report lower expression of miR-146a in pancreatic cancer cells compared with normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells. Reexpression of miR-146a inhibited the invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer cells with concomitant downregulation of EGFR and the NF-kappaB regulatory kinase interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1). Cellular mechanism studies revealed crosstalk between EGFR, IRAK-1, IkappaBalpha, NF-kappaB, and MTA-2, a transcription factor that regulates metastasis. Treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with the natural products 3,3'-diinodolylmethane (DIM) or isoflavone, which increased miR-146a expression, caused a downregulation of EGFR, MTA-2, IRAK-1, and NF-kappaB, resulting in an inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell invasion. Our findings reveal DIM and isoflavone as nontoxic activators of a miRNA that can block pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis, offering starting points to design novel anticancer agents.
Studies on the syntheses of sesquiterpene lactones. 13. Synthesis of functionalized endocyclic .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated and .alpha.-methylene eudesmanolides (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the syntheses of sesquiterpene lactones. 13. Synthesis of functionalized endocyclic .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated and .alpha.-methylene eudesmanolidesMasayoshi Ando, Tetsuo Wada, and Koji IsogaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 21, 6235–6238Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00021a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00021a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secular trends in the Japanese labour market during the lost decades : A reply to Andrew Gordon (2017)

In a recent contribution (2017) Professor Gordon takes a very critical stance on our earlier article titled “Decades not lost, but won” (Blind and Lottanti von Mandach 2015), which he sees as ‘revisionist’ and as applying ‘too low a standard’. Professor Gordon provides a selection of granular data that might be understood as refuting two of our earlier findings, and attempts replication of the analysis underlying our third finding, but finds diverging evidence. While his labelling of our research is unpleasant, the implicit and explicit questioning of our results is troubling. 
This reply demonstrates that the evidence in Professor Gordon’s article does not challenge our earlier findings on aggregate developments during the ‘lost decades’ and provides explanation for the diverging results in Professor Gordon’s replication effort. We argue that the results of his replication only apply to the fraction of non-regular employees working full time, while ours applies to the large majority of part-time employees.
Crystal Structure and Guest Uptake of a Mesoporous Metal–Organic Framework Containing Cages of 3.9 and 4.7 nm in Diameter (2007)

Supersized pores: A new mesoporous metal–organic framework that is mainly composed of Tb3+ ions and tripodal carboxylate ligands has cages of 3.9 and 4.7 nm in diameter (see picture). The evacuated framework is robust and can accommodate gases or ferrocene molecules, as verified by gas-sorption measurements and luminescence studies.