gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Economic and Environmental Cost-benefits of Developed Biorefinery Schemes (2011)

In this work modelling and optimisation studies for the evaluation and improvement of several biorefinery schemes were performed. Economic and environmental objectives were considered with the aim to find configurations that maximise profits while minimising the environmental impact. Biorefineries were modelled using a commercial simulator (Aspen Plus) combined with calculations in MatLab. Optimisation studies (including multi-objective optimisation) were carried out using both stochastic (simulated annealing) and deterministic (sequential-quadratic-programming based) approaches. The results show that for a number of schemes improved profits can be found including biodiesel and biogas production in addition to supercritical CO2 extraction from wheat straws. An oil-to-methanol ratio of around 1:13 to 1:14 was found to be optimal for the biodiesel-producing transesterification reaction. The optimum conditions for the biogas case involved recycling most of the digestate, which leads to a high productivity of biogas. Supercritical CO2 extraction was found to be most profitable at around 36,000 tons per year capacity. Multi-objective optimisation was also performed in order to find how the optimal profits change when different constraints are placed on the emissions from each process. For the biodiesel cases these constraints reduced the profits by up to €10 per ton of feed. For biogas production reducing the emissions meant using more of the digestate as fertiliser. For supercritical CO2 extraction reducing emissions requires reducing the yearly capacity, which in turn reduces the profits by €63 per ton. Comparisons of the different schemes are performed using calculations of profits and emissions ‘per ton of feed’ in order to give a fair comparison of biorefinery processes operating at different scales. These comparisons showed that the most profitable schemes were those with the lowest capacity. These lower capacity schemes could be very profitable if they can be scaled up and if there is sufficient feedstock available. Comparison of the emissions for these cases showed that the most profitable schemes also have the highest emissions. This is because these cases involve either high-energy usage (usually with larger quantities of electricity) or combustion.
Global longitudinal strain is a more reproducible measure of left ventricular function than ejection fraction regardless of echocardiographic training (2019)

GLS is a more reproducible method for evaluation of LV function than LVEF regardless of echocardiographic training.
Shaping of axisymmetric bodies for minimum drag in incompressible flow (1974)

A method is presented for the automatic synthesis of minimum drag hull shapes for axisymmetric vehicles of specified enclosed volume and constant speed submerged in incompresible, nonseparating, noncavitating flow at zero incidence. The computer-oriented optimization procedure does not consider propulsion or maneuvering; drag reduction is accomplished solely through manipulation of the vehicle hull shape. The selected optimization formulation is a nongradient algorithm in a finite, constrained parameter space. This study considers an eight-parameter class of rounded-nose tailboom bodies constrained to be well behaved as determined by previous hydrodynamic experience. The drag model, for nonseparating flows at zero incidence, is based on classical hydrodynamics and consists of computer programs from work available in the literature; the model is representative of state-of-the-art drag prediction methods. By exploiting laminar flow while avoiding turbulent separation, a body with a drag coefficient one-third below the best existing laminar design has been obtained. The evidence suggests that the method produces realistic hull shapes useful in engineering design. The optimization procedure is independent of any particular drag model so that the effects on minimum drag shapes due to alternate drag models can be studied.
Precise Distance and Velocity Measurement for Real Time Locating in Multipath Environments Using a Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Secondary Radar Approach (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present a frequency-modulated continuous-wave secondary radar concept to estimate the offset in time and in frequency of two wireless units and to measure their distance relative to each other. By evaluating the Doppler frequency shift of the radar signals, the relative velocity of the mobile units is measured as well. The distance can be measured with a standard deviation as low as 1 cm. However, especially in indoor environments, the accuracy of the system can be degraded by multipath transmissions. Therefore, we show an extension of the algorithm to cope with multipath propagation. We also present the hardware setup of the measurement system. The system is tested in various environments. The results prove the excellent performance and outstanding reliability of the algorithms presented. </para>
ChemInform Abstract: GROWTH OF GAN THIN‐FILMS FROM TRIETHYLGALLIUM MONAMINE (1975)

Abstract Epitaktische GaN‐Dünnfilme werden durch Abscheidung aus der Dampfphase mit [Ga(C2H5)3 ° NH3] (I) hergestellt.
A novel peptide carrier for efficient targeting of antigens and nucleic acids to dendritic cells (2013)

Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate host immune responses by presenting captured antigens to naive T cells. Hence, DC-binding peptides may be used for antigen targeting to boost naive and memory immune responses. By biopanning peptide phage libraries on human monocyte-derived DCs, we identified novel DC-binding peptides. One of the selected phages, displaying the NW peptide (NWYLPWLGTNDW), bound DCs with high affinity, and its binding was inhibited by the corresponding synthetic peptide. Antigenic peptides or proteins conjugated to the NW peptide bound to DCs and were internalized without negative effects on DC phenotype and function. Ex vivo targeted delivery of CMV-pp65 peptides to DCs via the NW peptide increased T-cell responses in HLA-A2(+)/CMV(+) donors compared to untargeted peptides (P<0.001). Stimulation of CD45RO-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CMV(-) donors with the NW-pp65 fusion peptides expanded pp65-specific precursor T cells. Moreover, the NW peptide mediated small interfering RNA delivery to DCs, and a significant gene silencing was obtained. Collectively, the data reveal that proteins and nucleic acids can be directed to DCs through the NW peptide, enabling effective uptake and functional effects such as T-cell activation in the context of MHC class I and II molecules.
A personalized TV guide system compliant with MHP (2005)

With the expansion of TV channels in digital era, viewers are exposed to information overload. Consequently, personalized guide systems are necessary to automatically customize program listings as well as to enable viewers to navigate and search programs. This paper proposes a personalized TV system running on standalone set-top box (STB) compliant with multimedia home platform (MHP) model. Besides the traditional functions, such as program navigation and search, this system is characterized by recommending program with high preferences on strategies of explicit and implicit feedback. Aiming at low end STB platform, we have deployed the personalized system in the MHP-compliant solution based on enhanced broadcasting profile. This paper also presents the implementing details and optimized strategies involved in information retrieving and program recommending. The experimental result shows that the proposed system presents a good performance.
Electroluminescence in thin solid films of closely packed CdS nanocrystals (1997)

Thin solid films of closely packed CdS nanocrystals with sizes between 1.5 and 1.8 nm have been prepared and sandwiched between indium–tin–oxide (ITO) and silver contacts. At room temperature, these CdS nanocrystals start to emit light visible to the unaided eye at a bias above 15 V. The spectral characteristics are voltage controlled and tunable between 1.8 eV and 2.8 eV with increasing bias from 20 to 40 V. The current–voltage dependence indicates hopping conductivity of the carriers injected. At high voltage the electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra are similar showing a strong red shift of the luminescence maximum with respect to the absorption peak at 3.75 eV which we explain by an effective radiative recombination through deep traps in the interface region. Consequently, the tunability of electroluminescence is attributed to excitation of different deep traps by electron transport across neighbouring CdS nanocrystals.
Development of Food Ingredients from Navy Beans ( <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> ) by Roasting, Pin Milling, and Air Classification (1982)

ABSTRACT Eight Navy bean samples, roasted between 92 and 125°C in a particle‐to‐particle heat exchanger, were ground to produce whole bean and hull flours. Dehulled bean flours were also separated into high protein (HPF) and high‐starch fractions (HSF) by air classification. Whole bean flours contained 1.92% fat and 25.8% protein on the average. Hull flours contained between 31.2 and 50.2% dietary fiber, of which approximately 60% was crude fiber. Dehulled bean flour containing 26.8% protein was fractionated into HSF and HPF with average protein contents of 15.6 and 43.1%, respectively. Greater protein shift may be further accomplished by finer grinding and adjustment of the cut point. Residual trypsin inhibitor activity of HPF s ranged from 25–108 TIA/mg protein, down from 116 units in the raw control HPF. Hemagglutinins were inactivated from 110 HA units/mg to values ranging from 2.4–105 HA units/mg.
Corrosion of Painted Metals—A Review (1982)

Seven types of corrosion and precorrosion of painted metals are reviewed: blistering, early rusting, flash rusting, anodic undermining, filiform corrosion, cathodic delamination, and wet adhesion. The importance of the nature of the interfacial region between the coating and the metal is emphasized. Ten unsolved problems are described.
Geothermal standing column wells : Ten years in a New England school (2006)

A public middle school located in the Massachusetts town of Westborough is the first fully heated and cooled public school in New England using standing column geothermal wells. This successful geothermal retrofit has been functional since 1996. This paper details the performance of the geothermal system, including the performance of the standing column wells, their maintenance, and their overall heating and cooling costs. The 200 ton installation utilizes six standing column wells for earth coupling. Twenty 10 ton water-to-water geo heat pump modules supply existing unit ventilators (after modification) and large air handlers. The in-place unit ventilators were refitted with new hydronic coils. This paper describes the installation, its costs, and its performance for the period from 1996 to late 2005 and illustrates the long-term thermal stability of a standing column well system. Management of the project was fully integrated. The design engineers and architects were also the construction managers.
Structure and Properties of Poly(acrylic acid)-Doped Polyaniline (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Properties of Poly(acrylic acid)-Doped PolyanilineShow-An Chen and Hsun-Tsing LeeCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8, 2858–2866Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00112a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1588Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single-Phase and Two-Phase Hybrid Cooling Schemes for High-Heat-Flux Thermal Management of Defense Electronics (2009)

This study examines the cooling performance of two hybrid cooling schemes that capitalize on the merits of both microchannel flow and jet impingement to achieve the high cooling fluxes and uniform temperatures demanded by advanced defense electronics. The jets supply HFE 7100 liquid coolant gradually into each microchannel. The cooling performances of two different jet configurations, a series of circular jets and a single slot jet, are examined both numerically and experimentally. The single-phase performances of both configurations are accurately predicted using 3D numerical simulation. Numerical results point to complex interactions between the jets and the microchannel flow, and superior cooling performance is achieved by optimal selection of microchannel height. The two-phase cooling performance of the circular-jet configuration is found superior to that of the slot jet, especially in terms of high-flux heat dissipation. Unprecedented cooling fluxes, as high as 1127 W/cm2, are achieved with the circular jets without incurring CHF.
Multichannel FPGA-based arbitrary waveform generator for medical ultrasound (2007)

A compact and cost-effective method for generating simultaneous arbitrary waveforms over several channels is presented. This method exploits the sigma–delta technique combined with the LVDS circuit capability of sustaining bitstreams up to 1 Gbit/s. A 32-channel synthesiser has been successfully fitted in a single FPGA. Experimental results show that this technique is suitable for generating the excitation waveforms needed for medical ultrasound array probes.
액션러닝 수업이 예비 유아교사의 자아개념 및 자기효능감에 미치는 영향 (2014)

본 연구의 목적은 액션러닝으로 설계, 운영된 수업이 예비유아교사의 자아개념 및 자기효능감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴봄으로써 액션러닝에 기반한 수업 모형의 효과를 검증하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 ‘아동건강교육’ 교과목을 수강하는 4년제 대학 유아교육과 학생 27명을 대상으로 16주 동안 액션러닝을 활용한 수업을 실시하였다. 그리고 이들을 대상으로 수업 적용 전후에 자아개념 검사와 자기효능감 검사를 실시하여 수업의 효과성을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 예비유아교사의 전체적인 자아개념은 액션러닝 수업 실시 이후 의미 있게 증가하였고, 자아개념의 하위영역인 학문 자아개념, 정서 자아개념에서 사전점수에 비해 사후 점수가 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 예비유아교사의 전체적인 자기효능감은 액션러닝 수업 실시 이후 의미 있게 증가하였고, 자기효능감의 하위영역인 자기조절 효능감, 자신감에서 사전점수에 비해 사후 점수가 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 액션러닝 수업이 예비유아교사의 자아개념과 자기효능감 향상에 유의미하게 영향을 미쳤다는 것으로 미래에 이들이 좋은 교사가 될 수 있게 하는 적절한 교수-학습 방법임을 보여준다. 따라서 액션러닝 수업은 예비유아교사의 자아개념과 자기효능감을 길러줄 수 있는 효과적인 교수-학습 방법이라 볼 수 있을 것이다.
E-Projects (2001)

Zum Zeitpunkt des Entstehens dieses Bandes beobachten wir eine Phase der Ernüchterung nach einer der überschwänglichen Euphorie gegenüber den Möglichkeiten, welche die neuen Technologien in einer globalisierten Wirtschaft bieten. Dies betrifft Projekte in zweierlei Hinsicht: Eine neue Art von Projekten etabliert sich rund um das sogenannten E-Commerce. Die Web-Technologien eröffnen für das Projektmanagement selbst neue Möglichkeiten.
Cellular machineries for chromosomal DNA repair (2004)

Each day a cell must face a constant onslaught of DNA lesions. Although we tend to worry most about environmental sources of DNA damage (e.g., chemical agents, UV radiation, ionizing radiation), a human cell must repair over 10,000 DNA lesions per day to counteract endogenous sources of DNA damage (Lindahl 1993). DNA itself has a measurable half-life—spontaneous depurination can generate abasic sites in DNA strands at an estimated rate of 2,000–10,000 lesions per human cell per day (Lindahl 1993). Indeed, it has been proposed that much of the DNA repair machinery has evolved to contend with DNA damage generated by the byproducts of cellular metabolism—reactive oxygen species, endogenous alkylating agents, and DNA singleand doublestrand breaks resulting from collapsed DNA replication forks or from oxidative destruction of deoxyribose residues (Lindahl and Wood 1999; Lindahl 2000). Failure to repair such lesions can lead to a deleterious mutation rate, genomic instability, or cell death. In higher eukaryotes, the damage that occurs in genes responsible for DNA repair and/or cell cycle regulation can lead to threatening diseases such as cancer. The timely and efficient repair of eukaryotic DNA damage is further complicated by the realization that DNA lesions must be detected and repaired in the context of highly condensed, 100–400-nm-thick chromatin fibers (Belmont and Bruce 1994). The nucleosome is the first level of DNA compaction in the nucleus and is formed by the wrapping of 147 bp of DNA around a histone octamer composed of two H2A–H2B dimers and a H3–H4 tetramer. Linear arrays of nucleosomes are then folded into more compact structures, stabilized by linker histones such as histone H1. These compact structures are well known to hinder nuclear processes like transcription, and several in vitro studies have demonstrated that the assembly of DNA lesions into chromatin greatly hinders their detection and subsequent repair (see below). Within cells, of course, the repair machinery has created the means to contend with chromosomal structures, and an enormous number of DNA lesions are faithfully repaired each cell cycle. Here we review recent studies that have begun to elucidate this cellular machinery that facilitates DNA repair within the context of chromatin.
Synthesis and estimation of memory interfaces for FPGA-based reconfigurable computing engines (2003)

As the densities of current FPGA continue to grow it is now possible to generate System-On-a-Chip (SoC) designs where multiple computing cores are connected to various memory modules with customized topology with application specific memory access patterns. For example, Xilinx has recently introduced devices to which a paired down version of a PowerPC core can be mapped and connected to a set of internal memories. In this paper we address the problem of synthesizing and estimating the area and speed of memory interfacing for Static RAM (SRAM) and Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) with various latency parameters and access modes. We describe a set of synthesizable and programmable memory interfaces a compiler can use to automatically generate the appropriate designs for mapping computations to FPGA-based architectures. Our preliminary results reveal that it is possible to accurately model the area and timing requirements using a linear estimation function. We have successfully integrated the proposed memory interface designs with simple image processing kernels generated using commercially available behavioral synthesis tools.
Th1/Th17 Plasticity Is a Marker of Advanced β Cell Autoimmunity and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Humans (2014)

Upregulation of IL-17 immunity and detrimental effects of IL-17 on human islets have been implicated in human type 1 diabetes. In animal models, the plasticity of Th1/Th17 cells contributes to the development of autoimmune diabetes. In this study, we demonstrate that the upregulation of the IL-17 pathway and Th1/Th17 plasticity in peripheral blood are markers of advanced β cell autoimmunity and impaired β cell function in human type 1 diabetes. Activated Th17 immunity was observed in the late stage of preclinical diabetes in children with β cell autoimmunity and impaired glucose tolerance, but not in children with early β cell autoimmunity. We found an increased ratio of IFN-γ/IL-17 expression in Th17 cells in children with advanced β cell autoimmunity, which correlated with HbA1c and plasma glucose concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test, and thus impaired β cell function. Low expression of Helios was seen in Th17 cells, suggesting that Th1/Th17 cells are not converted thymus-derived regulatory T cells. Our results suggest that the development of Th1/Th17 plasticity may serve as a biomarker of disease progression from β cell autoantibody positivity to type 1 diabetes. These data in human type 1 diabetes emphasize the role of Th1/Th17 plasticity as a potential contributor to tissue destruction in autoimmune conditions.
In vitro synthesis of vaccinia virus late mRNA containing a 5' poly(A) leader sequence. (1987)

We have shown that an extract made from HeLa cells harvested 6 hr after infection with vaccinia virus can transcribe a duplex DNA template containing a late viral gene. S1 nuclease analyses using genomic and synthetic probes indicated that the 5' ends of RNA synthesized in vitro are similar to those of RNA made in vivo and contain 5' poly(A) sequences contiguous with the translation initiation codon. Kinetic analysis of RNA synthesized in vitro demonstrated that a correctly initiated and 5' polyadenylylated product appeared within 5 min after transcription reactions were started. A cis-splicing mechanism of poly(A) addition can be ruled out because the DNA template used in vitro had no poly(dT) sequence and could contain as few as 37 base pairs upstream of the start of the RNA. In addition, we found that a point mutation in the first of two consecutively encoded adenylate residues preceding the ATG initiation codon abolished transcription in vitro. These data are consistent with at least three models: (i) RNA polymerase initiates RNA synthesis with a run of adenylate residues; (ii) a poly(A) primer is used for initiation; or (iii) the poly(A) leader is rapidly and efficiently attached to the RNA by ligation.
Jitter-limited photonic analog-to-digital converter with 7 effective bits for wideband radar applications (2013)

A photonic analog-to-digital converter exploiting a sample time-interleaving approach is presented, showing more than 7 effective bits for input signals up to 40GHz and bandwidth up to 200MHz. The effective 1-to-4 optical sample parallelization scheme does not contaminate the low sampling jitter with limited crosstalk. A real-time digital post-processing is also added to increase the ADC linearity and to minimize the spurious tones induced by the digital data interleaving. The results show that the scheme is fundamentally limited by the sampling jitter and it approaches the theoretical limits for the considered signal frequencies. Discussions are also reported, demonstrating that the proposed photonic ADC can be upgraded to accept signals with larger bandwidth without performance reductions.
Workplace health promotion (1997)

Abstract One of the greatest challenges facing society in the next century will be the maintenance of health and the quality of life. This paper considers the nature and role of workplace health promotion in meeting this challenge. It argues that a focus on the individual will prove insufficient in itself to deal with health problems related to work. A wider consideration of organizational factors is argued for. Workplace health promotion should include a proper concern for its organizational context, its organizational effects and, finally, organizational-level actions and, in particular, prevention.