gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small RNA deep sequencing reveals a distinct miRNA signature released in exosomes from prion-infected neuronal cells (2012)

Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals. The cellular prion protein, PrP(C), and the abnormal infectious form, PrP(Sc), are found associated with exosomes, which are small 50-130 nm vesicles released from cells. Exosomes also contain microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA, and have been utilized to identify miRNA signatures for diagnosis of disease. While some miRNAs are deregulated in prion-infected brain tissue, the role of miRNA in circulating exosomes released during prion disease is unknown. Here, we investigated the miRNA profile in exosomes released from prion-infected neuronal cells. We performed the first small RNA deep sequencing study of exosomes and demonstrated that neuronal exosomes contain a diverse range of RNA species including retroviral RNA repeat regions, messenger RNA fragments, transfer RNA fragments, non-coding RNA, small nuclear RNA, small nucleolar RNA, small cytoplasmic RNA, silencing RNA as well as known and novel candidate miRNA. Significantly, we show that exosomes released by prion-infected neuronal cells have increased let-7b, let-7i, miR-128a, miR-21, miR-222, miR-29b, miR-342-3p and miR-424 levels with decreased miR-146 a levels compared to non-infected exosomes. Overall, these results demonstrate that circulating exosomes released during prion infection have a distinct miRNA signature that can be utilized for diagnosis and understanding pathogenic mechanisms in prion disease.
Cross-Layer Error Control Optimization in 3G LTE (2007)

3G long-term evolution (LTE) is a recent effort taken by cellular industries to step into wireless broadband market. The key enhancements target an introduction of new all- IP architecture, enhanced link layer and radio access with OFDM modulation and multiple antenna techniques. In this study, we focus on the overhead deriving from the multilayer ARQ employed at the link and transport layers. To the aim of reducing unnecessary burden on the wireless link, we propose a cross-layer ARQ approach, called ARQ Proxy, which substitutes the transmission of TCP ACK packet with a short MAC layer request on the radio link. Packet identification is achieved through association of a hash function to the raw packet data. Performance of the ARQ Proxy is evaluated using EURAE extensions for ns2 simulator. Results demonstrate significant improvements in terms of system capacity, TCP throughput performance, and higher tolerance to transmission errors.
Asymmetric synthesis by means of chiral metal complex catalysts. (1986)

Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis promoted by transition metal complexes are reviewed. This revew covers asymmetric hydrogenation, hydrocarbonylation, hydrosilylation, isomerization, epoxidation, oxidation, cyclopropanation, cross-coupling and allylic alkylation from 1982. Newer aspects of chiral catalysis are emphasized. Current trends and possible future development of potentially useful catalytic asymmetric reactions are disussed.
Colloids Produced by Simple Self-Assembly of Inorganic Tennis Balls and Nonrigid Polypyridyl Ligands (2007)

Tennis Balls (ITBs) are supramolecules produc ed by self-assembly of dithioylidenemalonato-platinum(II) complexes and simple metal salts.1'3 The copper-based ITB,
Deep Face Recognition Model Compression via Knowledge Transfer and Distillation (2019)

Fully convolutional networks (FCNs) have become de facto tool to achieve very high-level performance for many vision and non-vision tasks in general and face recognition in particular. Such high-level accuracies are normally obtained by very deep networks or their ensemble. However, deploying such high performing models to resource constraint devices or real-time applications is challenging. In this paper, we present a novel model compression approach based on student-teacher paradigm for face recognition applications. The proposed approach consists of training teacher FCN at bigger image resolution while student FCNs are trained at lower image resolutions than that of teacher FCN. We explored three different approaches to train student FCNs: knowledge transfer (KT), knowledge distillation (KD) and their combination. Experimental evaluation on LFW and IJB-C datasets demonstrate comparable improvements in accuracies with these approaches. Training low-resolution student FCNs from higher resolution teacher offer fourfold advantage of accelerated training, accelerated inference, reduced memory requirements and improved accuracies. We evaluated all models on IJB-C dataset and achieved state-of-the-art results on this benchmark. The teacher network and some student networks even achieved Top-1 performance on IJB-C dataset. The proposed approach is simple and hardware friendly, thus enables the deployment of high performing face recognition deep models to resource constraint devices.
Sub-Abbe resolution: from STED microscopy to STED lithography (2014)

We review the emergence of three-dimensional sub-Abbe optical nanoscopy, which in its original version deployed stimulated-emission-induced depletion (STED) of the excited state of the fluorophores to break the diffraction limit. We focus first on different methods to realize a donut-shaped point spread function (PSF), which are key to distribute the intensity of the depleting beam around the originally excited focal volume, and second on methods to suppress fluorescence, which are alternative to stimulated emission. In the second part, we elaborate on the transition of STED microscopy to STED lithography. We present data which show the state of the art of minimal axial feature sizes (around 55 nm). Again, stimulated emission is not the only technique to decrease the feature size and the resolution in optical lithography. Alternative techniques are up-conversion within the triplet system or excitation of polymerization stoppers inside the donut-shaped depletion PSF. We conclude with a comparison of the record resolutions in STED and STED-related lithography techniques, which are in the range of some tens of nanometers, far below the wavelength of visible light.
Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Lanthionines (2005)

Lantibiotics are peptide-derived antimicrobial agents that are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified to their biologically active forms. The post-translational modifications involve the formation of dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine residues and the subsequent attack of cysteines within the peptide onto the dehydro amino acids. This generates the so-called lanthionine and methyllanthionine thioethers that have given lantibiotics their name. One family member, nisin, has attracted much attention recently due to its novel mechanism of action including specific binding to the bacterial cell wall precursor lipid II, followed by membrane permeabilization. Nisin has been commercially used as a food preservative, while other lantibiotics show promising activity against bacterial infections. This mini-review focuses on the recent developments in the characterization of these enzymes as well as the progress in chemical synthesis of lanthionine containing peptides.
A Novel UV-Shielding and Transparent Polymer Film: When Bioinspired Dopamine–Melanin Hollow Nanoparticles Join Polymers (2017)

Ultraviolet (UV) light is known to be harmful to human health and cause organic materials to undergo photodegradation. In this Research Article, bioinspired dopamine-melanin solid nanoparticles (Dpa-s NPs) and hollow nanoparticles (Dpa-h NPs) as UV-absorbers were introduced to enhance the UV-shielding performance of polymer. First, Dpa-s NPs were synthesized through autoxidation of dopamine in alkaline aqueous solution. Dpa-h NPs were prepared by the spontaneous oxidative polymerization of dopamine solution onto polystyrene (PS) nanospheres template, followed by removal of the template. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Dpa nanocomposite films were subsequently fabricated by a simple casting solvent. UV irradiation protocols were set up, allowing selective study of the extra-shielding effects of Dpa-s versus Dpa-h NPs. In contrast to PVA/Dpa-s films, PVA/Dpa-h films exhibit stronger UV-shielding capabilities and can almost block the complete UV region (200-400 nm). The excellent UV-shielding performance of the PVA/Dpa-h films mainly arises from multiple absorption because of the hollow structure and large specific area of Dpa-h NPs. Moreover, the wall thickness of Dpa-h NPs can be simply controlled from 28 to 8 nm, depending on the ratio between PS and dopamine. The resulting films with Dpa-h NPs (wall thickness = ∼8 nm) maintained relatively high transparency to visible light because of the thinner wall thickness. The results indicate that the prepared Dpa-h NPs can be used as a novel UV absorber for next-generation transparent UV-shielding materials.
MafA Stability in Pancreatic β Cells Is Regulated by Glucose and Is Dependent on Its Constitutive Phosphorylation at Multiple Sites by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (2007)

Regulation of insulin gene expression by glucose in pancreatic beta cells is largely dependent on a cis-regulatory element, termed RIPE3b/C1, in the insulin gene promoter. MafA, a member of the Maf family of basic leucine zipper (bZip) proteins, is a beta-cell-specific transcriptional activator that binds to the C1 element. Based on increased C1-binding activity, MafA protein levels appear to be up-regulated in response to glucose, but the underlying molecular mechanism for this is not well understood. In this study, we show evidence supporting that the amino-terminal region of MafA is phosphorylated at multiple sites by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in beta cells. Mutational analysis of MafA and pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 in MIN6 beta cells strongly suggest that the rate of MafA protein degradation is regulated by glucose, that MafA is constitutively phosphorylated by GSK3, and that phosphorylation is a prerequisite for rapid degradation of MafA under low-glucose conditions. Our data suggest a new glucose-sensing signaling pathway in islet beta cells that regulates insulin gene expression through the regulation of MafA protein stability.
Genetic variation for bulb size, soluble solids content and pungency in the Spanish sweet onion variety Fuentes de Ebro. Response to selection for low pungency (2010)

With no figures and 4 tables Abstract The cultivar ‘Fuentes de Ebro’ is a long‐day onion grown in the northeast of Spain, which is characterized by its succulence and low pungency. However, to match the market demand the size, pungency, and storability need to be improved. We have evaluated these quality‐related bulb traits in 15 grower’s open‐pollinated lines of this cultivar. Phenotypic variation observed for bulb weight, size and soluble solids content was significantly affected by location, growing season and line, while pungency depended on line and plot location. We found higher levels of genetic variation for bulb size and pungency than for soluble solids content, and significant phenotypic correlations indicated that milder onion tend to show larger size and lower soluble solids content. After one cycle of selection, we have obtained progeny with significantly lower pungency levels, and therefore, we estimated a realized heritability of 0.67. As conclusion, it is feasible to obtain a sweet cultivar after some selection cycles in the ‘Fuentes de Ebro’ onion, although considering indirect consequences in size and soluble solids content.
Integrated Ecology: The Process of Counseling with Nature. (1994)

Most personal, social and environmental stress results from our estrangement from nature&apos;s wise unconditional love within and about us. A new integrated ecology training program uniquely addresses this great challenge to the psychological community. Counseling students in natural areas over a thirty year period has produced ninety-seven unique nature-connecting activities that renew over forty-nine inherent sensory fulfillments. These ecopsychology activities reduce our estrangement, its pain and adverse effects. Natural inborn feelings of love and understanding express themselves. They catalyze responsible relationships that fill the emotional voids which fuel our destructive habits, dependencies and abandonment feelings. They give natural areas added value as rejuvenators of our biological and spiritual integrity. Every moment of our lives, often without being aware of it, we· relate to the world through multisensory perceptions shaped by our previous experiences. Dramatically, in August 1966, while deep in the bowels of the Grand Canyon National Park, a thunderstorm&apos;s fury vitalized my scientific perceptions. For me, the world changed forever. The storm fused my Newtonian and biological explanations of Earth&apos;s grandeur, landscapes and processes. When the sky cleared, in the sun&apos;s new light I deeply sensed Planet Earth as more than mechanical cause and effect relationships. Rather, it appeared to organize, regulate, preserve and regenerate itself, to act like a living being. That unique278 The Humanistic Psychologist, 21, Autumn 1993 perception carved my destiny. In 1985, I conceived the National Audubon Society international symposium &quot;Is the Earth a Living Organism? &quot; It not only scientifically substantiated my Grand Canyon impressions, it
Risk factors and outcome for breakthrough candidaemia in patients with cancer (2006)

While candidaemia that develops during systemic antifungal prophylaxis or therapy [breakthrough (BT) candidaemia] has been reported increasingly, the risk factors and outcome of BT candidaemia are not yet known definitely. We evaluated a consecutive series of cancer patients with candidaemia at Asan Medical Center during 6 years to identify risk factors and outcome in BT candidaemia comparing with non-BT candidaemia. Fifty-four episodes of candidaemia in cancer patients diagnosed during this period were reviewed retrospectively. There were 10 episodes (18.5%) of BT candidaemia in which the species distribution and frequency of catheter-related infection in the BT and non-BT groups were similar. BT candidaemia had a tendency to occur more frequently in patients with haematological than non-haematological diseases. Profound neutropenia and disseminated candidiasis were more common in the BT group; however, these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.17 and 0.07 respectively). The duration of prior antibiotic therapy and duration of profound neutropenia (<100 mm(-3)) were identified as risk factors for BT candidaemia (P < 0.01 and 0.02 respectively) in univariate analysis and the latter was the only risk factor in multivariate analysis. The death rates due to candidaemia were 85.7% in the BT group and 42.9% in the non-BT group (P = 0.08); however, BT candidaemia alone did not increase mortality rate.
Baroreflex regulation of regional blood flow in congestive heart failure (1990)

In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), the distribution of the cardiac output is altered. Cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreceptors normally can regulate regional blood flow, but their contribution in heart failure is not known. To examine the role of baroreceptors in the regulation of regional blood flow in CHF, the effect of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) on forearm, renal, and splanchnic blood flow was evaluated in 12 patients with heart failure. Incremental LBNP at -10 and -40 mmHg decreased central venous pressure but had not effect on systolic blood pressure or pulse pressure. Renal blood flow decreased from 505 +/- 63 to 468 +/- 66 ml/min during LBNP -10 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and to 376 +/- 74 ml/min during LBNP -40 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Splanchnic blood flow decreased from 564 +/- 76 to 480 +/- 62 ml/min during LBNP -10 mmHg (P less than 0.01) and to 303 +/- 45 ml/min during LBNP -40 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Forearm blood flow did not decrease during LBNP -10 mmHg or -40 mmHg. To determine whether the absence of limb vasoconstriction during LBNP was confined to abnormalities in the baroreflex arc or was secondary to impaired end-organ responsiveness, six patients with heart failure and six normal subjects received an intrabrachial artery infusion of phenylephrine. Phenylephrine increased forearm vascular resistance comparably in each group. These data demonstrate that baroreceptors can regulate splanchnic and renal but not limb vascular resistance in patients with congestive heart failure and may contribute to the redistribution of blood flow that occurs in this disorder.
Generation of intermodulation products by granular YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x thick films (1995)

Two tone tests performed on resonators and filters fabricated from YBCO thick film coated, 3D resonators, indicate the importance of understanding intermodulation distortion. The films in this investigation were produced by reactive texturing and melt processing. The generation of third order intermodulation (IMD) products was observed at elevated rf power levels. Correlation between IMD level and rf field dependence of surface impedance is demonstrated. The contribution of grain boundaries to IMD is discussed in terms of the resistively shunted junction model.
Elevated intraosseous pressure in the intertrochanteric region is associated with poorer results in osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated by multiple drilling (2008)

Multiple drilling is reported to be an effective treatment for osteonecrosis of the head of femur, but its effect on intra-osseous pressure has not been described. We undertook multiple drilling and recorded the intra-osseous pressure in 75 osteonecrotic hips in 60 patients with a mean age of 42 years (19 to 67). At a mean follow-up of 37.1 months (24 to 60), 42 hips (56%) had a clinically successful outcome. The procedure was effective in reducing the mean intra-osseous pressure from 57 mmHg (SD 22) to 16 mmHg (SD 9). Hips with a successful outcome had a mean pressure of 26 mmHg (SD 19). It was less effective in preventing progression of osteonecrosis in hips with considerable involvement and in those with a high intra-osseous pressure in the intertrochanteric region (mean 45 mmHg (SD 25)). This study is not able to answer whether a return of the intra-osseous pressure to normal levels is required for satisfactory healing.
The Inducement of Giant Cells By Meloidogyne Javanica (1962)

Giant cell development and maintenance in plants infected with Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) appear to depend on a continuous stimulus from the nematode, whose removal results in breakdown of the giant cell. Normal giant cell development takes place under sterile conditions. A growth promoting substance is present in galls but not in adjacent roots. These results are discussed in the light of earlier hypotheses on the mechanism of gall and giant cell formation.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection of<i>Stagonospora nodorum</i>and<i>Septoria tritici</i>in Wheat (1995)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers have been developed that can distinguish important wheat pathogenic fungal species and detect their DNA in infected wheat leaf tissues. Septoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola) and Stagonospora nodorum = Septoria nodorum (teleomorph Phaeosphaeria nodorum), are agronomically significant pathogens of wheat, causing wheat leaf and glume blotch, respectively. Primers made to conserved sequences of the ribosomal DNA were used to PCR amplify and clone the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from S. nodorum and S. tritici. The ITS regions were sequenced, the sequences were aligned, and species-specific PCR primers were designed to the polymorphic regions. These ITS-derived primers were used to amplify specific fragments from the fungi from which they were designed, thus allowing the detection of the pathogens. The primers also successfully amplified similar-sized fragments from wheat tissues infected with the respective fungi
[DNA synthesis and antibody formation in spleen cells of the mouse after in vivo immunization by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide modified by polymyxin B]. (1980)

The addition of polymyxin B to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide alters some properties of this molecule, when injected to the Mouse. Spleen cells DNA synthesis was inhibited and delayed when the other functions tested: specific antibody synthesis ad immunoglobulin synthesis were unchanged. The possible implications of this dissociation are discussed.
Integrative DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Analyses Identify DNA Packaging and Epigenetic Regulatory Genes Associated with Low Motility Sperm (2011)

Background: In previous studies using candidate gene approaches, low sperm count (oligospermia) has been associated with altered sperm mRNA content and DNA methylation in both imprinted and non-imprinted genes. We performed a genome-wide analysis of sperm DNA methylation and mRNA content to test for associations with sperm function.
Using transfer functions as a method for predicting lightning effects on munitions storage bunkers (1992)

Measurements have recently been conducted and computer models constructed to determine the coupling of lightning energy into munition storage bunkers as detailed in companion conference papers. In this paper transfer functions from the incident current to the measured parameters are used to construct simple circuit models that explain much of the important observed quantitative and qualitative information and differences in transfer functions are used to identify nonlinearities in the response data. In particular, V{sub oc} -- the open-circuit voltage generated between metal objects in the structure, I{sub sc} -- the short-circuit current generated in a wire connecting metal objects in the structure, and a typical current measurement in the buried counterpoise system behave in a relatively simple manner explainable by one or several circuit elements. The circuit elements inferred from measured data are comparable in magnitude with those developed from simple analytical models for inductance and resistance. These analytical models are more useful in predicting bounding electromagnetic environment values rather than providing exact time domain waveforms. 2 refs.
Synthesis and characterization of propylene and butylene bridged fac-tricarbonylrhenium(<scp>i</scp>) biscarbene complexes (2011)

Nine new complexes of the type fac-[(CO)(3)ReBr(L)], where L represents a chelating bis-NHC ligand consisting of two alkylene (propylene and butylene) bridged (R') N-substituted (R) imidazoline moieties (1,1'-di-R-3,3'-R'-diimidazolin-2,2'-diylidene), were synthesized. Spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography were employed to characterize the complexes both in solution and in solid state. The complexes were compared to the analogous complexes with smaller bridge lengths in order to reveal differences and similarities. Depending on the bridge length and the ligand size in some cases dinuclear complexes were obtained as small scale side products.
Antifungal activity of recombinant mouse beta-defensin 3 (2010)

The data presented in this report suggested that formulations containing rMBD3 and related molecules could serve to treat fungal and bacterial infections.
Invited Review Article: An odor-sensing system—powerful technique for foodstuff studies (2011)

This work examines gas sensor array technology combined with multivariate data processing methods and demonstrates a promising potential for rapid, non-destructive analysis of food. Main attention is focused on detailed description of sensor used in e-nose instruments, construction, and principle of operation of these systems. Moreover, this paper briefly reviews the progress in the field of artificial olfaction and future trends in electronic nose technology, namely, e-nose based on mass spectrometry. Further discussion concerns a comparison of artificial nose with gas chromatography-olfactometry and the application of e-nose instruments in different areas of food industry.