gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-β receptor expression on human skin fibroblasts: Dimeric complex formation of type I and type II receptors and identification of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored transforming growth factor-β binding proteins (1998)

Fibroblasts play a critical role in wound repair and in the development of fibrotic diseases, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been shown to profoundly modulate fibroblast function. However, there is limited information on the TGF-beta receptor types, isoform specificity, and complex formation in skin fibroblasts. Here, we report that normal adult human skin fibroblasts display two isoform-specific, cell surface glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, TGF-beta binding proteins in addition to the type I, II, and III TGF-beta receptors. The identities of these proteins are confirmed on the basis of their affinity for TGF-beta isoforms, immunoprecipitation with specific antireceptor antibodies, and other biochemical analyses. Immunoprecipitation results also indicated oligomeric complex formation between type I and II and between type II and III TGF-beta receptors. Furthermore, by using affinity labeling and two-dimensional electrophoresis, we demonstrate the occurrence of type I and II heterodimers and type I homodimers of TGF-beta receptors on these cells. Because the type I receptor does not bind TGF-beta in the absence of type II receptor, these results indicate that one molecule of TGF-beta induces the formation of a heterooligomeric complex containing more than one molecule each of type I and II TGF-beta receptors on these cells. These cells respond to TGF-beta by markedly down-regulating all five binding proteins and by potently augmenting DNA synthesis. These results allow the expansion of the proposed heteromeric TGF-beta receptor signaling paradigm using mutant cells that are unresponsive to TGF-beta and cell lines that have been transfected to overexpress these receptors, to include normal TGF-beta-responsive cells. In addition, the definition of TGF-beta receptor profiles in human skin fibroblasts provides important information for studying their alterations in these cells in various skin diseases.
Differential heme oxygenase induction by stannous and stannic ions in the heart (1995)

Heme oxygenase is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, and is induced by oxidative stress, foreign and endogenous chemicals, and many trace elements and heavy metals. This study examined the effect of the oxidative state of the heavy metal tin, on heme oxygenase-1 induction in cardiac tissue. Subcutaneous administration of stannous and stannic chloride failed to induce the enzyme in this tissue. Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed the absence of tin in the heart cells. Investigation of several metal formulations showed that both stannous and stannic citrate were able to enter the bloodstream from the injection site and into heart tissue. Northern blot analysis revealed that heme oxygenase-1 mRNA was elevated several-fold in rat hearts from animals which received either stannous or stannic citrate, and that mRNA levels corresponded with the increase in enzyme activity. The presence of citrate facilitated the transport of the tin ion into the blood stream and possibly across cardiac cell membrane. The stannous ion was more potent as an inducer of heme oxygenase than was the stannic ion.
Are Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases Specific for Phosphotyrosine? (1995)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are believed to exhibit restricted specificity toward phosphotyrosine. I demonstrate here that both the Yersinia PTPase and rat PTP1 can dephosphorylate alkyl phosphates such as flavin mononucleotide, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, DL-alpha-glycerophosphate, O-phospho-L-serine, and O-phospho-L-threonine. The kcat values for alkyl phosphates are orders of magnitude slower than those for aryl phosphates such as p-nitrophenyl phosphate and O-phospho-L-tyrosine, reflecting the intrinsic lower chemical reactivity of the alkyl phosphates. In addition, the kcat values for the PTPase-catalyzed hydrolysis of alkyl phosphates are similar to the kcat values for the PTPase-catalyzed 18O exchange reaction between inorganic phosphate and water. I conclude that the rate-limiting step for the hydrolysis of alkyl phosphates has changed to the phosphorylation of the PTPases, i.e. the formation of the phosphoenzyme intermediate. The implications of the results described in this report in terms of studying the PTPase catalytic mechanism and their potential application in developing selective PTPase inactivators are discussed.
Integrated Engineering, Geometric, and Customer Modeling: LCD Projector Design Case Study (1999)

Abstract This paper describes an integrated product design study conducted with Polaroid Corporation for a liquid crystal display video projector, applying a research system called DOME. The services of distributed objects — encapsulating CAE simulations, component catalogs, manufacturing cost models, geometric and configuration models, customer preference models, and environmental life-cycle assessment — are mathematically related to form an integrated product system model. Software objects providing optimization and decision support are also included in the model to create a design tradeoff environment. As such, designers can obtain sales predictions based upon configuration changes and make tradeoffs with other requirements. Benchmarking suggests there would be approximately a 30% increase in the time to fully evaluate the first design configuration due to the overhead of creating the integrated system model. However, the time to fully evaluate subsequent alternatives may be reduced from months to minutes.
Use of Ultrasound to Enhance Percutaneous Absorption of Benzydamine (1989)

The influence of ultrasound on the percutaneous absorption of benzydamine hydrochloride from a gel base was investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study of 10 healthy volunteers. Using two similar experimental protocols, the effect of both 1:1 (2 msec on, 2 msec off) pulsed-output ultrasound (3.0 MHz at 1.0 W/cm2 and 0.0 W/cm2 [control]) and continuous-output ultrasound at a range of frequencies (0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 MHz at 1.5 W/cm2) were investigated. A placebo control (benzydamine gel massaged with ultrasound applicator switched off) was incorporated into each protocol. Percutaneous absorption of benzydamine was assessed by measurement of the residual amount of drug in the formulation base after treatment. Drug assay was by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection. Statistical analysis of the results for both continuous and pulsed ultrasound treatment showed that no significant differences existed between data for ultrasound treatment versus no ultrasound. In conclusion, although phonophoresis has been alleged to enhance percutaneous absorption of numerous drugs, ultrasound did not enhance the percutaneous absorption of benzydamine under the experimental conditions of this study.
Exponential Family Harmoniums with an Application to Information Retrieval (2004)

Directed graphical models with one layer of observed random variables and one or more layers of hidden random variables have been the dom-inant modelling paradigm in many research fields. Although this ap-proach has met with considerable success, the causal semantics of these models can make it difficult to infer the posterior distribution over the hidden variables. In this paper we propose an alternative two-layer model based on exponential family distributions and the semantics of undi-rected models. Inference in these “exponential family harmoniums ” is fast while learning is performed by minimizing contrastive divergence. A member of this family is then studied as an alternative probabilistic model for latent semantic indexing. In experiments it is shown that they perform well on document retrieval tasks and provide an elegant solution to searching with keywords. 1
A double-blind placebo control pilot study on the safety and tolerability of Nabilone in marijuana users (2013)

Epidemiological studies show chronic marijuana users have poorer outcomes for both physical health and psychosocial functioning. Evidence has shown that a potential mechanism of action for marijuana's effect is the endogenous cannabinoid system and the active compound Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). There is mounting evidence that marijuana withdrawal has clinically identifiable symptoms which follow a time course typical of other substance withdrawal syndromes. Substitution strategies are a typical treatment strategy in addiction treatment. Nabilone [Cesamet®] is a synthetic cannabinoid that may mediate the effects of marijuana; however this has not been evaluated in humans. Therefore, we assessed the safety of Nabilone [Cesamet®] in subjects using marijuana. Subjects were randomized into treatment (n = 22) and control (n = 22) arms, and received a three-week, daily dose of Nabilone [Cesamet®] at 1 mg/day or placebo. Safety outcomes consisted of vital signs, hematology, ECG, urinalysis, and adverse events (AE). No significant differences emerged between baseline and final visit treatment assessments on all safety outcomes between treatment arms. AE were reported in the treatment (n = 13) and placebo (n = 12) arms. The most common non-serious AE were tiredness, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, congestion, and drowsiness. In marijuana users, low dose Nabilone [Cesamet®] was safe and tolerated, with no serious AE.
Evaluation of recombinant sporozoite antigen SPAG‐1 as a vaccine candidate against <i>Theileria annulata</i> by the use of different delivery systems (1999)

The major sporozoite surface antigen of Theileria annulata (SPAG-1) is a candidate for inclusion in a subunit vaccine. In this paper we summarize the results of 4 vaccination experiments using recombinant SPAG-1 expressed in different systems and presented in different adjuvants. The antigen has been presented as either a C terminal 108 amino acid peptide (called SR1) expressed as both beta-galactosidase and hepatitis B core antigen fusions or as a full-length form expressed as a GST fusion with an N terminal His6 tag. We used different adjuvants, namely Freund's, saponin, ISCOMs and a proprietary adjuvant supplied by SmithKline Beecham, which we call SKBA. The data point to the conclusion that SPAG-1 can elicit partial protection and is therefore suitable for inclusion in an eventual multicomponent subunit vaccine.
WiP: Are Cracked Applications Really Free? An Empirical Analysis on Android Devices (2018)

Android is among the popular platforms running on millions of smart devices, like smartphones and tablets, whose widespread adoption is seen as an opportunity for spreading malware. Adding malicious payloads to cracked applications, often popular ones, downloaded from untrusted third markets is a prevalent way for achieving the aforementioned goal. In this paper, we compare 25 applications from the official and third-party application stores delivering cracked applications. The behavioral analysis of applications is carried out on three real devices equipped with different Android versions by using five indicators: requested permissions, CPU usage, RAM usage and the number of opened ports for TCP and HTTP. Based on these indicators, we compute an application intention score and classify cracked applications as malicious or benign. The experimental results show that cracked applications utilize on average more resources and request access to more (dangerous) permissions than their official counterparts.
Effects of short-term tamoxifen administration in patients with invasive cervical carcinoma. (1994)

Cervical cancer is not considered a hormone-responsive tumor in spite of the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in some of them. Endocrine treatments have not achieved clinical responses, however, tamoxifen has been reported to induce PgR and to inhibit cell growth of many cervical carcinoma cell lines. In this study we investigated whether tamoxifen administration affects the histopathological characteristics of cervical cancer and the expression of ER, PgR, HER-2/neu and p53 protein. Nineteen patients with invasive cervical cancer free of previous treatments were studied. The triphenylethylene antiestrogen tamoxifen was given orally during 10 days (20 or 40 mg/day). Pre- and post-tamoxifen biopsies were evaluated using slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostained (ER, PgR, HER-2/neu, p53, PCNA, keratin, heat shock protein 27,000 daltons). Estrogen receptors were present in 37% and PgR in 16% of the biopsies from untreated patients. Only one case that was PgR-negative before tamoxifen administration showed weak PgR-positivity following antiestrogen administration. No obvious changes were observed in ER, HER-2/neu and p53 proteins. A statistically significant decrease in the number of mitotic figures was obtained in 16% (3/19) of the post-tamoxifen biopsies and two of them showed higher differentiation. The results showed that tamoxifen did not induce changes in estrogen-regulated proteins in cervical cancer. However, the data showed that certain cervical carcinomas had changes in their proliferation and differentiation levels following tamoxifen administration. These findings suggest that tamoxifen may affect some cervical cancer tissues by a hormone-independent mechanism(s).
Microbial dehalogenation of haloalkanes mediated by oxygenase or halidohydrolase. (1986)

Microorganisms utilizing 1-chlorobutane as a sole carbon and energy source for growth could release halogens under anaerobic conditions, while microorganisms which could utilize 1, 9-dichlorononane released the halogens only under aerobic conditions. A 1-chlorobutane-utilizing bacterium, strain m15-3, converted 1-chlorobutane to butyric acid and 1, 3-dichloropropane to 3-chloropropionic acid under aerobic conditions and 1-chlorobutane to butanol under anaerobic conditions. In the latter case, the participation of halidohydrolase was suggested. Methane-utilizing bacteria catalyzed the removal of halogens from the terminal positions of short chained chlorinated hydrocarbons. Methane-utilizing bacteria dehalogenated 1, 2-dichloroethane to 18O-incorporated 2-chloroacetic acid in the presence of 18O2 gas. All of the seven bacterial strains used in this study dehalogenated 3-chlorinated aliphatic acids, but only one strain out of seven could dehalogenate 2-chlorinated aliphatic acids.
A fast-transient LDO based on buffered flipped voltage follower (2010)

In this work, the analysis of the flipped voltage follower (FVF) based single-transistor-control (STC) LDO is given. Two evolved versions of FVF, cascaded FVF (CAFVF) and level shifted FVF (LSFVF), are studied. Then, a buffered FVF (BFVF) for LDO application is proposed, combining the virtues of both CAFVF and LSFVF structures. It alleviates the minimum loading requirement of FVF and the simulation result shows that it has faster transient response and better load regulation.
Program dependence analysis (2003)

The authors first discuss three methods of identifying objects. The first two were suggested by S.S. Liu and N. Wilde; the third method is one that is proposed in the present work and is based on the determination of the receiver of a procedure. The authors believe that the latter method is more natural and precise than the former two. Algorithms that perform precise interprocedural flow-sensitive dependency analysis, as well as algorithms that identify objects, are introduced. The internal program representation used here, the parse-tree-based system dependence graph (SDG), is briefly discussed. A tool developed by the authors that accepts a subset of ANSI C (or Pascal) as input and implements all algorithms discussed in the present work is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pregnancy outcomes among Spanish-surname women in California. (1986)

We compared pregnancy outcomes among United States-born and Mexican-born women having Spanish surnames with US-born Whites and Blacks using California's 1981 matched birth-death cohort file. Maternal risk characteristics between US-born Black women and US-born women with Spanish surnames were similar. In contrast, Latino women, regardless of national origin, delivered small proportions of low weight infants as compared to Blacks. Birthweight-specific mortality rates during the fetal and neonatal periods for the offspring of Mexican-born Spanish surname women were generally higher than those for other ethnic groups. Our findings are consistent with the underreporting of postneonatal deaths among Mexican-born Latinos, yet suggest that their relatively low reported infant mortality rates compared to Blacks can be explained by a more favorable birthweight distribution.
Growth of Polycrystalline Diamond over Glassy Carbon and Graphite Electrode Materials (1993)

Boron‐doped polycrystalline diamond thin films were grown over glassy carbon electrode material and POCO graphite by a microwave plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a gas mixture of methane and hydrogen. As‐deposited films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy for their morphology and chemical nature, respectively the diamond films grown over glassy carbon and graphite electrode material may have some use in electroanalysis since the doped diamond films are electrically conductive, erosion resistant, and chemically inert.
Design of a Magnetic-Geared Outer-Rotor Permanent-Magnet Brushless Motor for Electric Vehicles (2007)

This paper proposes a novel in-wheel motor, which artfully integrates a magnetic gear into a permanent-magnet brushless (PMBL) DC motor so that they can share a common PM rotor, hence offering both high efficiency and high power density. Moreover, the low-speed requirement for direct driving and the high-speed requirement for compact motor design can be achieved simultaneously. A 2-kW 600/4400-rpm magnetic-geared outer-rotor PMBL DC motor is designed and analyzed, which is particularly suitable for battery-powered electric motorcycles
Increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in sera from patients with active lupus nephritis. (1998)

The increased level of serum MMP-3 in SLE is closely associated with clinical features relevant to lupus nephritis, suggesting that it plays a role in the pathogenesis of this condition.
Identification and Cloning of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid Coding for Abortive Phage Infection from Streptococcus lactis ssp. diacetylactis KR2 (1987)

The phage insensitivity mechanism of Streptococcus lactis ssp. diacetylactis KR2 was investigated. This strain harbored seven detectable plasmids ranging in size from 2.9 to 32 Mdaltons. Transformation of KR2 plasmid DNA into plasmid-free Streptococcus lactis LM0230 yielded lactose-positive transformants that were either sensitive or exhibited a reduced sensitivity to c2 phage. The latter possessed plasmids of 23.6 and 29 Mdaltons, designated pKR223 and pKR229, respectively. Lactose-positive phage-sensitive transformants contained only pKR229. Transformants exhibiting reduced phage sensitivity were cured of lactose-fermenting ability. Lactose-negative derivatives retained reduced phage sensitivity and possessed only pKR223, thus linking this phenotype to the 23.6-Mdalton plasmid of KR2. The gene or genes responsible for the reduced phage sensitivity phenotype were cloned on a 17-kb HpalI fragment of pKR223 into the single HpalI sire on the streptococcal cloning vector, pGB301. The phage defense mechanism(s) encoded by pKR223 and the 17-kb fragment of pKR223 involved a reduction in plaque size, which appeared to be due to reduced phage burst size and abortive phage infection. The data provided evidence that the phage insensitivity phenotype
Robust object tracking by interleaving variable rate color particle filtering and deep learning (2017)

We propose an effective combination of discriminative and generative tracking approaches in order to take the benefits from both. Our algorithm exploits the discriminative properties of Faster R-CNN which helps to generate target specific region proposals. A new proposal distribution is formulated to incorporate information from the dynamic model of moving objects and the detection hypotheses generated by deep learning. We construct the generative appearance model from the region proposals and perform tracking through sequential Bayesian filtering by variable rate color particle filtering (VRCPF). Test results reported on CVPR2013 benchmarking data set demonstrate that the interleaving of tracker and detector enables us to effectively update the target distribution that significantly improves robustness to illumination changes, scale changes, high motion and occlusion.
A comparison of centralized versus distributed architectures in biometric access control systems (2005)

The need to control access to physical facilities or computer databases is increasing each year. Identity verification is implicit in this control, i.e. one must be able to confirm the identity of the individual at the door before access can be granted. In the past, automated identity verification was difficult. Early access control systems either relied on manual means of identity verification (e.g. a security guard recognizing each face), or they simplified the problem to verifying the identity of some physical object (e.g. an access card) rather than the individual. The first technique was expensive. The second carried with it the assumptions that this object was always attached to its owner. This was a poor assumption, and the loss or sharing of access cards represents the biggest weakness in access control systems today. In the last decade, the technology has become available to allow true verification of individual identities. This technology is based on a field called "biometrics", in which distinctive biological features are measured for each individual. These features can later be checked against the individual requesting access, and that individual's identity can be accurately confirmed. This paper will introduce and compare biometric access control systems based on centralized or distributed architectures. It will compare these two architectural approaches, outline their relative strengths and weaknesses, and discuss applications where one or the other is more appropriate. The need to control access to physical facilities or computer databases is increasing each year. Identity verification is implicit in this control, i.e. one must be able to confirm the identity of the individual at the door before access can be granted. In the past, automated identity verification was difficult. Early access control systems either relied on manual means of identity verification (e.g. a security guard recognizing each face), or they simplified the problem to verifying the identity of some physical object (e.g. an access card) rather than the individual. The first technique was expensive. The second carried with it the assump tions that this object was always attached to its owner. This was a poor assumption, and the loss or sharing of access cards represents the biggest weakness in access control systems today. In the last decade, the technology has become available to allow true verification of individual identities. This technology is based on a field called "biometrics", in which distinctive biological features are measured for each individual. These features can later be checked against the individual requesting access, and that individual's identity can be accurately confirmed. This paper will introduce and compare biometric access control systems based on centralized or distributed architectures. It will compare these two architectural approaches, outline their relative strengths and weaknesses, and discuss applications where one or the other is more appropriate.