gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Explaining the Differential Solubility of Flue Gas Components in Ionic Liquids from First-Principle Calculations (2009)

Flue gas is greatly responsible for acid rain formation and global warming. New generation ionic liquids (ILs) have potential in controlling the flue gas emissions, as they acquire high absorptivity for the component gases SO(2), CO(2), etc. The association of the IL-gas interactions to the absorptivity of gas molecules in ILs is, however, poorly understood. In this paper, we present a molecular level description of the interactions of ILs with SO(2), CO(2), and N(2) and show its implications to the differential gas solubility. Our results indicate that the IL anion-gas interactions play a key role in deciding the gas solubility in ILs, particularly for polar gases such as SO(2). On the other hand, regular solution assumption applies to N(2) solubility. In accordance with the previous theoretical and experimental findings, our results also imply that the IL anions dominate the interactions with gas molecules while the cations play a secondary role and the underlying fluid structures of the ILs remain unperturbed by the addition of gas molecules.
Antitumour effect of a- and d- lactam androgen nitrogen mustards on non-small cell lung carcinoma. (2012)

These results indicate a high antitumor potential of lactam steroid alkylating esters depended on the alkylating moiety as well as on the modified steroidal carrier. Preclinical research supports that ALT-CAPOA generates well-tolerated toxicity as well as superior antitumor activity against NSCLC. These significant results call for further clinical development.
Role of the XPA protein in the NER pathway: A perspective on the function of structural disorder in macromolecular assembly (2015)

Lack of structure is often an essential functional feature of protein domains. The coordination of macromolecular assemblies in DNA repair pathways is yet another task disordered protein regions are highly implicated in. Here I review the available experimental and computational data and within this context discuss the functional role of structure and disorder in one of the essential scaffolding proteins in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, namely Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA). From the analysis of the current knowledge, in addition to protein-protein docking and secondary structure prediction results presented for the first time herein, a mechanistic framework emerges, where XPA builds the NER pre-incision complex in a modular fashion, as "beads on a string", where the protein-protein interaction "beads", or modules, are interconnected by disordered link regions. This architecture is ideal to avoid the expected steric hindrance constraints of the DNA expanded bubble. Finally, the role of the XPA structural disorder in binding affinity modulation and in the sequential binding of NER core factors in the pre-incision complex is also discussed.
Macrophages in solid organ transplantation (2014)

Macrophages are highly plastic hematopoietic cells with diversified functions related to their anatomic location and differentiation states. A number of recent studies have examined the role of macrophages in solid organ transplantation. These studies show that macrophages can induce allograft injury but, conversely, can also promote tissue repair in ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute rejection. Therapeutic strategies that target macrophages to improve outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients are being examined in preclinical and clinical models. In this review, we discuss the role of macrophages in different types of injury and rejection, with a focus on macrophage-mediated tissue injury, specifically vascular injury, repair and remodeling. We also discuss emerging macrophage-centered therapeutic opportunities in solid organ transplantation.
A vacuum packaged surface micromachined resonant accelerometer (2002)

This paper describes the operation of a vacuum packaged resonant accelerometer subjected to static and dynamic acceleration testing. The device response is in broad agreement with a new analytical model of its behavior under an applied time-varying acceleration. Measurements include tests of the scale factor of the sensor and the dependence of the output sideband power and the noise floor of the double-ended tuning fork oscillators as a function of the applied acceleration frequency. The resolution of resonant accelerometers is shown to degrade 20 dB/decade beyond a certain characteristic acceleration corner frequency. A prototype device was fabricated at Sandia National Laboratories and exhibits a noise floor of 40 /spl mu/g//spl radic/(Hz) for an input acceleration frequency of 300 Hz.
High-performance poly-Si thin film transistors with highly biaxially oriented poly-Si thin films using double line beam continuous-wave laser lateral crystallization (2014)

Highly biaxially oriented poly-Si thin films were formed by double-line beam continuous-wave laser lateral crystallization (DLB-CLC). The crystallinities of the DLB-CLC poly-Si thin films were (110), (111), and (211) for the laser scan, transverse, and surface directions, respectively, and an energetically stable Σ3 grain boundary was observed to be dominant. All silicon grains were elongated in the laser scan direction and one-dimensionally very large silicon grains with lengths of more than 100 µm were fabricated. Using these biaxially oriented polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films, low-temperature poly-Si TFTs (LTPS-TFTs) were fabricated at low temperatures (≦550 °C) by a metal gate self-aligned process. As a result, a TFT with a high electron field effect mobility of μ FE = 450 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in a linear region was realized.
Highly Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Deactivated Alkyl Grignard Reagents to Aldehydes (2009)

Generally used and highly reactive RMgBr reagents were effectively deactivated by bis[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl] ether and then were employed in the highly enantioselective addition of Grignard reagents to aldehydes. The reaction was catalyzed by the complex of commercially available (S)-BINOL and Ti(O(i-)Pr)(4) under mild conditions. Compared with the other observed Grignard reagents, alkyl Grignard reagents showed higher enantioselectivity and they achieved >99% ee.
Effects of Excitation Power and Temperature on Photoluminescence from Stacking Faults in 4H-SiC Epilayers (2010)

Nondestructive characterization of stacking faults (SFs) in 4H-SiC epilayers was carried out by photoluminescence (PL) mapping to clarify the effects of excitation power and measurement temperature. The PL mapping pattern of in-grown SFs fades in above a certain excitation intensity (e.g., 8.2 W/cm2 in this study) because of the superlinear excitation power dependence of the PL emission of the SFs. Bar-shaped SFs were identified in PL mapping at low temperatures. The PL intensity of bar-shaped SFs decreases with increasing temperature with an activation energy of 53 meV. Possible mechanisms of the emission of the SFs are also discussed.
Postoperative pain relief using thoracic epidural analgesia: outstanding success and disappointing failures (2001)

Six hundred and forty patients received epidural analgesia for postoperative pain relief following major surgery in the 6-year period 1993-1998. Although satisfactory pain relief was achieved in over two-thirds of patients for a median duration of 44 h after surgery, one-fifth of patients (133 individuals) still experienced poor pain relief. Almost one out of three patients (194 individuals) had a problem with their epidural. Eighty-three patients (13%) suffered a technical failure and 84 (13%) patients had their epidurals removed at night time when pain-free because of pressure on beds. Seven patients had their epidural replaced and subsequently experienced excellent pain relief for a median of 77 h. Lack of resources prevented a further 480 patients from receiving the potential benefits of epidural analgesia. These results would suggest that the practical problems of delivering an epidural service far outweigh any differences in drug regimens or modes of delivery of epidural solutions.
Patterns of Contrast Enhancement in the Brain and Meninges (2007)

Contrast material enhancement for cross-sectional imaging has been used since the mid 1970s for computed tomography and the mid 1980s for magnetic resonance imaging. Knowledge of the patterns and mechanisms of contrast enhancement facilitate radiologic differential diagnosis. Brain and spinal cord enhancement is related to both intravascular and extravascular contrast material. Extraaxial enhancing lesions include primary neoplasms (meningioma), granulomatous disease (sarcoid), and metastases (which often manifest as mass lesions). Linear pachymeningeal (dura-arachnoid) enhancement occurs after surgery and with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Leptomeningeal (pia-arachnoid) enhancement is present in meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Superficial gyral enhancement is seen after reperfusion in cerebral ischemia, during the healing phase of cerebral infarction, and with encephalitis. Nodular subcortical lesions are typical for hematogenous dissemination and may be neoplastic (metastases) or infectious (septic emboli). Deeper lesions may form rings or affect the ventricular margins. Ring enhancement that is smooth and thin is typical of an organizing abscess, whereas thick irregular rings suggest a necrotic neoplasm. Some low-grade neoplasms are "fluid-secreting," and they may form heterogeneously enhancing lesions with an incomplete ring sign as well as the classic "cyst-with-nodule" morphology. Demyelinating lesions, including both classic multiple sclerosis and tumefactive demyelination, may also create an open ring or incomplete ring sign. Thick and irregular periventricular enhancement is typical for primary central nervous system lymphoma. Thin enhancement of the ventricular margin occurs with infectious ependymitis. Understanding the classic patterns of lesion enhancement--and the radiologic-pathologic mechanisms that produce them--can improve image assessment and differential diagnosis.
An approach to parameter reoptimization in multipulse-based coders (1993)

An algorithm for LPC parameter optimization in multipulse (MP)-linear-prediction-coding (LPC)-based speech coders is presented. It is shown that by taking the nature of the MP excitation signal into account in the LPC parameter computation, it is possible to improve the effectiveness of the LPC model. This results in a better quality of the reconstructed signal in terms of both objective and subjective criteria. The implementation details of the algorithm are discussed, and experimental results are presented. In particular, a comparison with standard MP LPC techniques is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: A Sodium Manganese Ferrocyanide Thin Film for Na‐ion Batteries. (2013)

Abstract The cathode properties of Na 1.32 Mn [Fe(CN) 6 ] 0.83 ·3.5H 2 O are investigated using a thin film electrode.
Cloning of follistatin-related protein as a novel autoantigen in systemic rheumatic diseases (1998)

In an attempt to identify autoantigens of synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we constructed lambda phage expression cDNA libraries from synovium and screened them by IgG purified from synovial fluids, both of which were derived from RA patients. As a result of this unique combination of the libraries and probes, we cloned follistatin-related protein (FRP) as a novel autoantigen in systemic rheumatic diseases. FRP is a secreted protein containing a similar amino acid sequence to follistatin, an inhibitor of activin. FRP was first cloned as a transforming growth factor-beta1-inducible protein (called TSC-36) from a mouse osteoblastic cell line and was suggested to have some roles in the negative regulation of cellular growth. Immunoblotting analyses detected synovial fluid and serum anti-FRP antibodies of IgG class more frequently in RA than any other systemic rheumatic diseases and controls. Synovial fluid anti-FRP antibodies appeared in 44% of RA (n = 18) and none of osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 15) patients. Serum antibodies were detected in 30% of RA (n = 67), 17% of systemic sclerosis (n = 18), 10% of systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 51) and Sjögren's syndrome (n = 10), and none of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (n = 13) patients and healthy subjects (n = 30). These antibodies recognized an EC domain, an extracellular Ca2+ binding module. In anti-FRP antibody-positive RA patients, serum C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were more elevated than negative patients (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). FRP gene expression was higher in RA than OA synovium (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between these groups in the amount of synovial FRP, suggesting its elevated turnover in RA. As follistatin inhibits activin, FRP might inhibit some growth factor-like molecule. Detection of anti-FRP antibodies, possibly having disease-promoting effects as the blocking antibodies, could be one of the markers for clinical evaluation of systemic rheumatic diseases.
Precooling leg muscle improves intermittent sprint exercise performance in hot, humid conditions (2005)

We used three techniques of precooling to test the hypothesis that heat strain would be alleviated, muscle temperature (Tmu) would be reduced, and as a result there would be delayed decrements in peak power output (PPO) during exercise in hot, humid conditions. Twelve male team-sport players completed four cycling intermittent sprint protocols (CISP). Each CISP consisted of twenty 2-min periods, each including 10 s of passive rest, 5 s of maximal sprint against a resistance of 7.5% body mass, and 105 s of active recovery. The CISP, preceded by 20 min of no cooling (Control), precooling via an ice vest (Vest), cold water immersion (Water), and ice packs covering the upper legs (Packs), was performed in hot, humid conditions (mean +/- SE; 33.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C, 51.6 +/- 2.2% relative humidity) in a randomized order. The rate of heat strain increase during the CISP was faster in Control than Water and Packs (P < 0.01), but it was similar to Vest. Packs and Water blunted the rise of Tmu until minute 16 and for the duration of the CISP (40 min), respectively (P < 0.01). Reductions in PPO occurred from minute 32 onward in Control, and an increase in PPO by approximately 4% due to Packs was observed (main effect; P < 0.05). The method of precooling determined the extent to which heat strain was reduced during intermittent sprint cycling, with leg precooling offering the greater ergogenic effect on PPO than either upper body or whole body cooling.
Object-based video abstraction for video surveillance systems (2002)

Key frames are the subset of still images which best represent the content of a video sequence in an abstracted manner. In other words, video abstraction transforms an entire video clip to a small number of representative images. We present a scheme for object-based video abstraction facilitated by an efficient video-object segmentation (VOS) system. In such a framework, the concept of a "key frame" is replaced by that of a "key video-object plane (VOP)." In order to achieve an online object-based framework such as an object-based video surveillance system, it becomes essential that semantically meaningful video objects are directly accessed from video sequences. Moreover, the extraction of key VOPs needs to be automated and context dependent so that they maintain the important contents of the video while removing all redundancies. Once a VOP is extracted, the shape of the VOP needs to be well described. To this end, both region-based and contour-based shape descriptors are investigated, and the region-based descriptor is selected for the proposed system. The key VOPs are extracted in a sequential manner by successive comparison with the previously declared key VOP. Experimental results on the proposed online processing scheme combined with efficient VOS show the proposed integrated scheme generates desirable summarizations of surveillance videos.
Enfoque de límites difusos (fuzzy) para clasificación de tierras en especies sin datos de producción (2004)

Los métodos convencionales de clasificación de tierras presentan algunas deficiencias como: a) Representación escasa de la variabilidad espacial, b) Suposición de que todos los factores de estratificación tienen la misma importancia en la producción de cultivos, y c) Pérdida de información durante el proceso de modelación. La aplicación de la teoría de conjuntos difusos (Fuzzy) a la clasificación de tierras es una alternativa para superar dichas limitaciones. En el presente trabajo se aplica el enfoque de límites difusos o de transición gradual (Fuzzy) con el propósito de delimitar las clases de aptitud de las tierras del estado de Guanajuato, México, para el desarrollo de especies de importancia pecuaria y forestal que no cuentan con datos de producción. El método desarrollado es una modificación del enfoque Fuzzy tradicional aplicado a cultivos que cuentan con datos estadísticos de producción. Se utilizan los Sistemas de Información Geográfica como herramientas para hacer más eficiente el proceso de modelación. Los resultados de la clasificación de tierras con el enfoque Fuzzy, para varias especies vegetales, muestran las siguientes ventajas respecto a la clasificación Booleana convencional: a) Mejor representación de la variabilidad espacial, b) Representación más objetiva de la incertidumbre inherente a la calidad de los datos y a las divergencias de opinión entre especialistas, y c) Mejor aprovechamiento de la información disponible.
Three- and 4-Dimensional Ultrasound in Obstetric Practice (2005)

Three-dimensional ultrasound provides additional diagnostic information for the diagnosis of facial anomalies, evaluation of neural tube defects, and skeletal malformations. Additional research is needed to determine the clinical role of 3DUS and 4DUS for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease and central nervous system anomalies. Future studies should determine whether the information contained in the volume data set, by itself, is sufficient to evaluate fetal biometric measurements and diagnose congenital anomalies.
A testbed for data fusion for engine diagnostics and prognostics (2003)

A key to producing reliable engine diagnostics and prognostics resides in fusion of multisensor data. It is believed that faults will manifest effects in a variety of sensors. By 'integration' (fusion) of information across sensors detections can be made of faults that are undetectable on just a single sensor. Data to support development of prognostic techniques is very rare. The development requires continuous collection of significant amounts of data to capture not only "normal" data but also capture potential fault event data well before the fault is detected by existing techniques, as well as capture data related to rare events. The collected data can be analyzed to develop processing tailored to new events and to continuously update algorithms so as to improve detection and classification performance and reduce false alarms. IAC in collaboration with the Air Force and the Army is developing a testbed to perform data collection and to develop fusion techniques for gas turbine engine health monitoring. The testbed and examples of its operation are presented here.
Quantitative peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex-substrate mass determination in tissue sections by a dual wavelength method. (1992)

The aim of this study was to develop a method of quantitating prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) in histologic sections of prostate tumor tissue labeled with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) complex technique using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as a substrate. Studies of PAP-DAB- and hematoxylin-stained prostate tissue sections were performed with a black-and-white, computerized microscope image system. The mass of brown reaction product generated in PAP-DAB staining was the indicator of PSAP intensity. The mass of brown reaction product was determined by using a dual wavelength method in which two 10-nm bandpass filters, peaked at 450 and 510 nm in wavelength, were used. The wavelength-dependent ratio of mass absorptivity of PAP-DAB stain (brown product) and that of hematoxylin (blue product) were estimated at wavelengths of 450 and 510 nm by using slides stained with only PAP-DAB or hematoxylin. The accuracy of the mass measurements, investigated by relating the measurement to the true mass of the brown PAP-DAB product, is reported. There was no significant difference between the measurements at magnifications of 10x, 20x, 40x or 60x in the reproducibility investigation. The PSAP stain intensity was quantitatively determined by the difference of the PAP-DAB stain mass per pixel between the tumor and normal cell region. The relationship between the objective measurement and the conventional subjective grades is presented.
A new holographic 3-dimensional television display (2002)

An acoustooptical holographic display device which can be used as the screen of a 3-D television system to display real-time motion pictures is presented. This system solves the display resolution and the refreshing rate problems which are common to available holographic displays. The technique is based on the reproduction of the hologram using traveling surface waves. The screen is essentially a surface acoustic wave device on which a field pattern can be written using proper superposition of traveling waves as described by the underlying mathematics. The traveling waves form the desired hologram at certain instants, and right at that time a short coherent light pulse is either reflected or transmitted through the crystal on which the hologram is formed. This gives a single 3-D image frame. If this operation is repeated continuously, a true 3-D motion image is obtained. Computer simulations of the proposed television display show that the image quality is satisfactory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>