gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant gene products of two natural variants of the human cytidine deaminase gene confer different deamination rates of cytarabine in vitro. (1998)

The recent cloning of human cytidine deaminase (CDD) revealed two variants with a nonconservative amino acid deviation (Gln<-->Lys) at codon 27 within a region of structural homology to a core domain of bacterial CDDs. We here confirm the occurrence of both CDD sequences by cDNA cloning and show that at cytarabine (ara-C) concentrations of 1x10(-8) to 2x10(-2) M, the recombinant enzyme corresponding to the Lys-carrying natural variant (CDD-2) exerts a 1.3- to 3.3-fold higher in vitro deamination rate of ara-C than the Gln-carrying enzyme (CDD-1). These results suggest that this genetic polymorphism contributes to the different deamination phenotypes of ara-C observed in vivo, and that investigation of CDD allelotype frequencies and their correlation with ara-C resistance in patients with acute leukemia may be warranted. In addition, our data may be relevant to recently considered CDD gene transfer strategies for the detoxification of hematopoietic stem cells during high-dose therapy with cytosine nucleoside analogs.
Synthesis, analysis, and processing of fractal signals (1991)

Fractal geometry arises in a truly extraordinary range of natural and man-made phenomena. The 1/f family of fractal random processes, in particular, are appealing candidates for data modeling in a wide variety of signal processing scenarios involving such phenomena. In contrast to the well-studied family of ARMA processes, 1/f processes are typically characterized by persistent long-term correlation structure. However, the mathematical intractability of such processes has largely precluded their use in signal processing. We introduce and develop a powerful Karhunen-Loeve-like representation for 1/f processes in terms of orthonormal wavelet bases that considerably simplifies their analysis. Wavelet-based representations yield highly convenient synthesis and whitening filters for 1/f processes, and allow a number of fundamental detection and estimation problems involving 1/f processes to be readily solved. In particular, we obtain robust and computationally efficient algorithms for parameter and signal estimation with 1/f signals in noisy backgrounds, coherent detection in 1/f backgrounds, and optimal discrimination between 1/f signals. Results from a variety of simulations are presented to demonstrate the viability of the algorithms. In contrast to the statistically self-similar 1/f processes, homogeneous signals are governed by deterministic self-similarity.
Formulating and Solving Routing Problems on Quantum Computers (2021)

The determination of vehicle routes fulfilling connectivity, time, and operational constraints is a well-studied combinatorial optimization problem. The NP-hard complexity of vehicle routing problems has fostered the adoption of tailored exact approaches, matheuristics, and metaheuristics on classical computing devices. The ongoing evolution of quantum computing hardware and the recent advances of quantum algorithms (i.e., VQE, QAOA, and ADMM) for mathematical programming make decision-making for routing problems an avenue of research worthwhile to be explored on quantum devices. In this article, we propose several mathematical formulations for inventory routing cast as vehicle routing with time windows and comment on their strengths and weaknesses. The optimization models are compared from a quantum computing perspective, specifically with metrics to evaluate the difficulty in solving the underlying quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems. Finally, the solutions obtained on simulated quantum devices demonstrate the relative benefits of different algorithms and their robustness when put into practice.
The Effect of Divergent Screw Placement on the Initial Strength of Plate-to-Bone Fixation (2003)

The pullout strength with angled screws is reduced, but this does not translate into reduced strength of the bone-to-plate interface.
Diffusion of atmospheric gases into barrier-layer sealed organic light emitting diodes (2008)

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are protected from the atmosphere with a barrier layer. Even when this permeation barrier is hermetic, dark spots still may grow and dark sheets may extend into the OLED. These grow by diffusion from the atmosphere along the interfaces between the barrier layer with embedded particles or with the substrate. Observed growth rates of dark spots and sheets are modeled by a single diffusion mechanism. Similar normalized flux densities along the two pathways and a diffusion coefficient of ∼10−8 cm2/s suggest a similar polymeric structure of the barrier/particle and barrier/substrate interfaces.
Schmidt Number Correction for the Rotating Disk (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSchmidt Number Correction for the Rotating DiskJohn NewmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 4, 1327–1328Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100876a509https://doi.org/10.1021/j100876a509research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1047Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Metallography and Microstructures of Stainless Steels and Maraging Steels (2004)

Abstract This article describes metallographic preparation and examination techniques for stainless steels and maraging steels. It presents a series of micrographs demonstrating microstructural features of these alloys. Procedures used to prepare stainless steels for macroscopic and microscopic examination are similar to those used for carbon, alloy, and tool steels. Cutting and grinding must be carefully executed to minimize deformation because the austenitic grades work harden readily. The high-hardness martensitic grades that contain substantial undissolved chromium carbide are difficult to polish while fully retaining the carbides. Unlike carbon, alloy, and tool steels, etching techniques are more difficult due to the high corrosion resistance of stainless steels and the various second phases that may be encountered. The microstructures of stainless steels can be quite complex. Matrix structures vary according to the type of steel, such as ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, precipitation hardenable, or duplex.
The role of creatine kinase in inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition (1997)

Cyclosporin A sensitive swelling of mitochondria isolated from control mouse livers and from the livers of transgenic mice expressing human ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase occurred in the presence of both 40 microM calcium and 5 microM atractyloside which was accompanied by a 2.5-fold increase over state 4 respiration rates. Creatine and cyclocreatine inhibited the latter only in transgenic liver mitochondria. Protein complexes isolated from detergent solubilised rat brain extracts, containing octameric mitochondrial creatine kinase, porin and the adenine nucleotide translocator, were reconstituted into malate loaded lipid vesicles. Dimerisation of creatine kinase in the complexes and exposure of the reconstituted complexes to >200 microM calcium induced a cyclosporin A sensitive malate release. No malate release occurred with complexes containing octameric creatine kinase under the same conditions.
Distinct activities of GABA agonists at synaptic‐ and extrasynaptic‐type GABA<sub>A</sub>receptors (2010)

The activation characteristics of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors are important for shaping the profile of phasic and tonic inhibition in the central nervous system, which will critically impact on the activity of neuronal networks. Here, we study in isolation the activity of three agonists, GABA, muscimol and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydoisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3(2H)-one (THIP), to further understand the activation profiles of alpha 1 beta 3 gamma 2, alpha 4 beta 3 gamma 2 and alpha 4 beta 3 delta receptors that typify synaptic- and extrasynaptic-type receptors expressed in the hippocampus and thalamus. The agonists display an order of potency that is invariant between the three receptors, which is reliant mostly on the agonist dissociation constant. At delta subunit-containing extrasynaptic-type GABA(A) receptors, both THIP and muscimol additionally exhibited, to different degrees, superagonist behaviour. By comparing whole-cell and single channel currents induced by the agonists, we provide a molecular explanation for their different activation profiles. For THIP at high concentrations, the unusual superagonist behaviour on alpha 4 beta 3 delta receptors is a consequence of its ability to increase the duration of longer channel openings and their frequency, resulting in longer burst durations. By contrast, for muscimol, moderate superagonist behaviour was caused by reduced desensitisation of the extrasynaptic-type receptors. The ability to specifically increase the efficacy of receptor activation, by selected exogenous agonists over that obtained with the natural transmitter, may prove to be of therapeutic benefit under circumstances when synaptic inhibition is compromised or dysfunctional.
Proximal Junctional Kyphosis as a Distinct Form of Adjacent Segment Pathology After Spinal Deformity Surgery (2012)

Moderate. Strength of Statement: Weak.
On-Vehicle GPS Antenna Measurements (2007)

Although GPS antennas are commonly used for vehicle applications, their on-vehicle gain patterns are not known well. Especially, when the antenna is mounted at locations other than the roof center, the antenna gain becomes directional at mid-to-low elevation angles. The goal of this letter is to investigate the GPS passive antenna performance at its actual, on-vehicle mounting locations. For four different antenna locations on a sedan vehicle with sunroof, the antenna gain is measured in a quasi-far-field antenna range. The results are also compared to those of finite ground plane, anechoic chamber measurements.
Miniaturized, high-power diode-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser oscillator–amplifier (2011)

A miniaturized, passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser oscillator-power amplifier is reported, which is axially pumped by a compact, fiber-coupled, high-power, quasi-cw diode laser module. The pumping intensity of the oscillator crystal can be adjusted independently of the pumping intensity of the amplifier. This ensures that the oscillator pulse enters the amplifier when its maximum population density is reached. Furthermore, pulse bursts can be generated with a definite, adjustable number of single pulses. Maximum pulse energies of 8.4 and 22 mJ were achieved for a single pulse and for a pulse burst, respectively, at a pumping power of 470 W. The pulse widths were 2 ns, whereas the beam quality corresponded to M2<1.5. The laser is appropriate for scaling the power to the 10 MW range. Operation by using a 100 m pumping fiber was demonstrated.
A New Quest of the Historical Jesus (1961)

Book Review| June 01 1961 A New Quest of the Historical JesusKerygma und historischer Jesus A New Quest of the Historical Jesus, James M. Robinson.Kerygma und historischer Jesus, James M. Robinson. W. R. Farmer W. R. Farmer Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1961) 80 (2): 183–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/3264213 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation W. R. Farmer; A New Quest of the Historical JesusKerygma und historischer Jesus. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 June 1961; 80 (2): 183–184. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3264213 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1961 The Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis1961 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Book Reviews You do not currently have access to this content.
Semi-supervised regression with temporal image sequences (2010)

We consider a semi-supervised regression setting where we have temporal sequences of partially labeled data, under the assumption that the labels should vary slowly along a sequence, but that nearby points in input space may have drastically different labels. The setting is motivated by problems such as determining the time of the day or the level of air visibility given an image of a landscape, which is hard because the time or visibility label is related in a complex way with the pixel values. We propose a regression framework regularized with a graph Laplacian prior, where the graph is given by the sequential information. We show this outperforms graphs learned in an unsupervised way for detecting the rotation of MNIST digits and estimating the time of day an image is captured, and provides modest improvement in the challenging visibility problem.
Über ein drittes Isomeres des Aposafranins (1911)

Kehrmann und A. Mssalenikoff: dber ein drittes Ieomeree dee Aposafranine
Computer Processing of Remotely‐Sensed Images (2010)

Computer processing of remotely-sensed images , Computer processing of remotely-sensed images , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Hypergraph Theory: Applications in 5G Heterogeneous Ultra-Dense Networks (2017)

Heterogeneous ultra-dense network (HUDN) can significantly increase the spectral efficiency of cellular networks and cater for the explosive growth of data traffic in the fifth-generation (5G) communications. Due to the dense deployment of small cells (SCs), interference among neighboring cells becomes severe. As a result, the effective resource allocation and user association algorithms are essential to minimize inter-cell interference and optimize network performance. However, optimizing network resources in HUDN is extremely complicated as resource allocation and user association are coupled. Therefore, HUDN requires low-complexity but effective resource allocation schemes to address these issues. Hypergraph theory has been recognized as a useful mathematical tool to model the complex relations among multiple entities. In this article, we show how the hypergraph models can be used to effectively tackle resource allocation problems in HUDN. We also discuss several potential research issues in this field.
Purification and Characterization of Multiplication‐Stimulating Activity (1980)

Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) refers to a family of insulin-like growth factors that have been purified from serum-free medium conditioned by a Buffalo rat liver cell line (BRL-3A). Using Dowex ion-exchange chromatography, gel chromatography on Sephadex G-75, and preparative disc acrylamide gel electrophoresis, several polypeptides with the full biological multiplication-stimulating activity have been isolated. One of these polypeptides, designated MSA II-1, previously has been used to study the relationship of the activity to the insulin-like growth factors (somatomedins) purified from human plasma. Polypeptide II-1 is a single chain polypeptide of molecular weight 8700. Glycine is the COOH-terminal amino acid. Edman degradation of carboxymethylated MSA II-1 did not reveal a free NH2-terminus. A polypeptide of lower molecular weight than MSA II-1 has also been purified. This polypeptide (MSA III-2) has been shown to be more potent than MSA II-1 in the rat-liver-membrane radioreceptor assay and in a competitive binding assay utilizing the rat-serum somatomedin-binding protein(s). The relationship of these various polypeptides has been investigated by gel filtration in guanidine hydrochloride and by acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reduced and native polypeptides.
Non-Fluoride Anticaries Agents (1994)

Many potential anticaries agents other than fluoride have been identified in a range of laboratory models. This review covers only those agents which have demonstrated significant activity in either animal caries models, in situ models, or human clinical trials, including those measuring plaque acid formation. The agents which so far have been identified can be divided into 5 categories: (1) phosphorus-containing agents, (2) calcium-containing agents, (3) antimicrobials and antibiotics, (4) metals, and (5) miscellaneous agents. Although many potential agents have been identified in various models, very few have been taken forward to full anticaries testing in humans. Chlorhexidine is an exception, and certain agents such as calcium glycerophosphate have been shown to result in greater anticaries activity when added to fluoride. In the future, non-fluoride agents which modify the production of acid in plaque--either antimicrobially, biochemically, or directly--appear to have the most promise for use in topical products and may prove to be effective anticaries systems. Phosphates have shown encouraging activity as diet additives.
Structural Feature-Based Image Hashing and Similarity Metric for Tampering Detection (2011)

Structural image features are exploited to construct perceptual image hashes in this work. The image is first preprocessed and divided into overlapped blocks. Correlation between each image block and a reference pattern is calculated. The intermediate hash is obtained from the correlation coefficients. These coefficients are finally mapped to the interval [0, 100], and scrambled to generate the hash sequence. A key component of the hashing method is a specially defined similarity metric to measure the “distance” between hashes. This similarity metric is sensitive to visually unacceptable alterations in small regions of the image, enabling the detection of small area tampering in the image. The hash is robust against content-preserving processing such as JPEG compression, moderate noise contamination, watermark embedding, re-scaling, brightness and contrast adjustment, and low-pass filtering. It has very low collision probability. Experiments are conducted to show performance of the proposed method.
Imaging-Assisted Large-Format Breast Pathology: Program Rationale and Development in a Nonprofit Health System in the United States (2012)

Modern breast imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging, provides an increasingly clear depiction of breast cancer extent, often with suboptimal pathologic confirmation. Pathologic findings guide management decisions, and small increments in reported tumor characteristics may rationalize significant changes in therapy and staging. Pathologic techniques to grossly examine resected breast tissue have changed little during this era of improved breast imaging and still rely primarily on the techniques of gross inspection and specimen palpation. Only limited imaging information is typically conveyed to pathologists, typically in the form of wire-localization images from breast-conserving procedures. Conventional techniques of specimen dissection and section submission destroy the three-dimensional integrity of the breast anatomy and tumor distribution. These traditional methods of breast specimen examination impose unnecessary limitations on correlation with imaging studies, measurement of cancer extent, multifocality, and margin distance. Improvements in pathologic diagnosis, reporting, and correlation of breast cancer characteristics can be achieved by integrating breast imagers into the specimen examination process and the use of large-format sections which preserve local anatomy. This paper describes the successful creation of a large-format pathology program to routinely serve all patients in a busy interdisciplinary breast center associated with a community-based nonprofit health system in the United States.
Examining and Mitigating Acellular Hemoglobin Vasoactivity (2012)

It is time to leave behind the study of vasoactivity and toxicity based on bench-top measurements of biochemical changes and those based solely on systemic parameters in vivo, and move to a more holistic analysis of the mechanisms creating the problems, complemented with meaningful studies of efficacy.
Cognitive Science: Experimental methods (2005)

Abstract Cognitive activity can be studied in a variety of ways, including observation, simulation by computer modeling, and controlled experimentation.
Multi-dimensional hybrid-simulation techniques in plasma physics (1982)

Multi-dimensional hybrid simulation models have been developed for use in studying plasma phenomena on extended time and distance scales. The models make fundamental use of the small Debye length or quasi-neutrality assumption. The ions are modeled by particle-in-cell (PIC) techniques while the electrons are considered a collision-dominated fluid. The fields are calculated in the nonradiative Darwin limit. Some electron inertial effects are retained in the Finite Electron Mass model (FEM). In this model, the quasi-neutral counterpart of Poisson's equation is obtained by first summing the electron and ion momentum equations and then taking the quasi-neutral limit. In the Zero Electron Mass (ZEM) model explicit use is made of the axisymmetric properties of the model to decouple the components of the model equations. Equations to self-consistently advance the electron temperature have recently been added to the scheme. The model equations which result from these considerations are two coupled, nonlinear, second order partial differential equations.