gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding rice elongation factor 1β′ (1992)

A cDNA clone coding for rice elongation factor 1 beta' (EF-1 beta') was isolated from a rice anther cDNA library. The clone, named RB', was 980 bp long and contained a single open reading frame coding for 223 amino acids; the first 31 amino acids, except for the first methionine, which is absent in the mature protein, are identical to those of the purified protein determined with a protein sequencer. The amino acid sequence of rice EF-1 beta' shows homology to the C-terminal half of Artemia salina EF-1 beta (59%) and human EF-1 beta (63%), but might not have a phosphorylation site for casein kinase II which has been conserved in Artemia saline EF-1 beta and EF-1 delta, human EF-1 beta and silkworm EF-1 beta'.
Interactions between spatial summation, 2‐point discrimination and habituation of heat pain (2008)

Recently, spatial summation (SS) of two discrete noxious stimuli was found to occur at separation distances less than 10cm in the forearm. Interestingly though, with larger separation distances there is 2-point discrimination (2PD) but not SS. However, previous studies have not examined the interactions between these spatial phenomena and temporal aspects of pain. Therefore, our aims were to (1) examine the inverse relationship between SS and 2PD in the leg, and (2) assess whether SS and 2PD of pain are affected by repetitive noxious stimulation. Twenty-four subjects received multiple series of 16 repeated noxious heat stimuli (22s inter-stimulus interval) at various intensities delivered with one or two thermal probes separated by either 0.4cm or 15cm. For each configuration, subjects rated the amount of perceived pain on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (to evaluate SS) and stated the number of pain spots (to evaluate 2PD) following each stimulus. A significant SS of pain occurred only with the probe separation of 0.4cm (in which perceived pain significantly increased compared with a single probe, p<0.001) whereas 2PD occurred only at the probe separation of 15cm (p<0.001). When the stimulation temperature was fixed (but evoked different initial pain scores for different stimulation configurations), habituation occurred only with a single probe and two probes separated by 15cm. However, when the initial pain score was fixed (but the stimulus temperature varied) habituation occurred with all stimulation configurations but significantly less for two probes separated by 0.4cm. Sex was not a factor in SS and 2PD of pain, however there was greater habituation in females than males. In conclusion, SS of pain counteracts 2PD of pain and to a lesser extent, pain habituation.
An analog/digital BCDMOS technology with dielectric isolation-devices and processes (1988)

A dielectrically isolated bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCDMOS) integrated-circuit technology that has been successfully developed for high-voltage applications (150-500 V) is reported. This technology integrates bipolar, CMOS, DMOS, p-n-p-n, JFET, and DGDMOS (dual-gate DMOS) devices on a single chip. The core BCDMOS process is chosen to be an optimized poly-gate n-channel DMOS process; additional levels and their relative sequences were chosen on the basis of their effects on the performance of the various kinds of devices in the chip and the trade-offs among those performances. The characteristics of the major devices in solid-state switches for telecommunication applications are demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Individual Differences in Infancy and Later IQ (1995)

In recent years it has been demonstrated that cognitive development from infancy to later childhood displays some degree of (correlational) continuity. Studies that have demonstrated this continuity are reviewed, focusing on measures of visual information processing, means-ends problem-solving and other cognitive indices of infant performance. Models of continuity are described and evaluated, and the relevance of the findings and models to the Nature-Nurture issue are considered, with particular attention to the related issues of the role of experience in early life, and the extent to which infant development is canalized. Theoretical and practical applications of the research are discussed.
Mechanoregulated expression of smooth muscle alpha‐actin in myofibroblasts is mediated by MRTF‐A localization and actin dynamics (2008)

Expression of smooth muscle α‐actin (SMAA), which promotes myofibroblast contractile function and wound closure, is mechanoregulated. We hypothesize that mechanoregulated actin dynamics control the localization of myocardin related transcription factor‐A (MRTF‐A) thereby mechanoregulating SMAA expression. G‐actin has been shown to bind MRTF‐A, thus sequestering the MRTF‐A in the cytoplasm and blocking MRTF‐A activated SMAA expression. MRTF‐A is necessary for SMAA expression as demonstrated by shRNA knockdown. Decreasing myofibroblast tension with blebbistatin, or culturing myofibroblasts on a compliant collagen matrix, resulted in a loss of stress fibers, a higher G‐/F‐actin ratio, MRTF‐A localization to the cytoplasm, and decreased SMAA promoter activity. Treating cells on a compliant matrix with jasplakinolide or cytochalasin D resulted in increased F‐actin, MRTF‐A localization to the nucleus and increased SMAA promoter activity. Together, these results provide a model for mechanoregulated SMAA expression; in response to a stiff substratum G‐actin is assembled into F‐actin resulting in the release of MRTF‐A, expression of SMAA, and myofibroblast differentiation. Funded by NIH grant R01 GM60651
Assessing GPCR activation using protein complementation: a novel technique for HTS (2007)

GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are critical targets in drug discovery. Although most HTS (high-throughput screening) assays are routinely used to identify functional agonism or antagonism, they are suboptimal as methods to screen for modulators of other, novel, aspects of GPCR function. Indeed, it is now evident that GPCRs are highly complex proteins that interact with RAMPs (receptor-activity-modifying partners), β-arrestins, G-proteins, as well as functioning in potential homo- or hetero-meric complexes. Consequently, novel HTS technologies are now required that would facilitate interrogation of GPCRs in terms of their cellular protein–protein interactions. One approach is oligomerization-assisted complementation of monomeric protein fragments and detection of fragment reassembly. Notably, the use of enzymes has advantages in this regard, since complementation results in catalytically competent protein. The assay signal generated in this fashion results in assays of high sensitivity, thereby enabling protocols to be developed in HTS systems that require extremely low fluid volumes. The use of complementing proteins that generate a luminescent signal also provides assays that are markedly free from artefactual interferences.
Tidal Prediction Using the Advanced Circulation Model (ADCIRC) and a Relocatable PC-based System (2002)

advances in computing bring to the forefront the numerical model as an alternative means to obtain high resolution, up-to-date forecasts of tidal elevations and currents. Such models can ingest recent bathymetric measurements and include transient meteorological effects such as wind and atmospheric pressure. The spatial and temporal density of the forecast information can be readily tailored to specific applications and needs.
PCR-Ribotyping of <i>Xenorhabdus</i> and <i>Photorhabdus</i> Isolates from the Caribbean Region in Relation to the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of Their Nematode Hosts (1998)

The genetic diversity of symbiotic Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes was examined by a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes (rDNAs). A total of 117 strains were studied, most of which were isolated from the Caribbean basin after an exhaustive soil sampling. The collection consisted of 77 isolates recovered from entomopathogenic nematodes in 14 Caribbean islands and of 40 reference strains belonging to Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp. collected at various localities worldwide. Thirty distinctive 16S rDNA genotypes were identified, and cluster analysis was used to distinguish the genus Xenorhabdus from the genus Photorhabdus. The genus Xenorhabdus appears more diverse than the genus Photorhabdus, and for both genera the bacterial genotype diversity is in congruence with the host-nematode taxonomy. The occurrence of symbiotic bacterial genotypes was related to the ecological distribution of host nematodes.
The role of FGFR1 signaling in cancer (2012)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), master regulators of cell functions, activate intracellular signaling cascades through binding fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). The aberrant FGFR signaling is often correlated with misregulation of oncogenes and tumorigenesis. Previous study in the laboratory has demonstrated FGFRs as potential therapeutic target of breast cancer and bone sarcoma. In this study, mechanisms of FGF/FGFR signaling in these cancers were further investigated. Western Blot was the chief technique performed to probe protein expression and its phosphorylation status. Both breast cancer and normal breast cancer cells were responsive to FGF2 and transduced signal mainly through ERK1/2 but not AKT pathway. In contrast, osteosarcoma was responsive to FGF2 stimulus but not osteoblast, suggesting that FGF/FGFR signaling differentially affects different tissues. Blockage of FGF2-activated ERK1/2 pathway by U0126 had significantly decreased cell cycle regulators-Cyclin D1 and p21 in breast cancer cells but not in normal breast cells. Although phosphorylated-p53 tumor suppressor and apoptotic protein Bim were increased in all cells, U0126 had increased p53 in breast cancer but not in the normal breast cells. This study has suggested an important role of FGF/FGFR/ERK signaling in cancer cell growth and survival leading to tumor development.
The politicization of the peasantry in a North Indian state: II (1980)

During the past three decades, the dominant party in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP), the Indian National Congress, has undergone a secular decline in its support in state legislative assembly elections. The principal factor in its decline has been its inability to establish a stable basis of support among the middle peasantry, particularly among the so‐called ‘backward castes’, with landholdings ranging from 2.5 to 30 acres. Disaffected from the Congress since the 1950s, these middle proprietary castes, who together form the leading social force in the state, turned in large numbers to the BKD, the agrarian party of Chaudhuri Charan Singh, in its first appearance in UP elections in 1969. They also provided the central core of support for the Janata party in its landslide victory in the 1977 state assembly elections. The politicization of the middle peasantry in this vast north Indian province is no transient phenomenon, but rather constitutes a persistent factor with which all political parties and all governments in UP must contend.
Differential Expression of Human Metallothionein Isoform I mRNA in Human Proximal Tubule Cells Exposed to Metals (1998)

In contrast to the single metallothionein (MT)-1 gene of the mouse, the human MT-1 gene family is composed of seven active genes and six pseudogenes. In this study, the expression of mRNA representing the seven active human MT-1 genes was determined in cultured human proximal tubule (HPT) cells under basal conditions and after exposure to the metals Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ag2+, and Pb2+. Basal expression of MT-1X and MT-1E mRNA in HPT cells was similar to expression of the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In contrast, mRNAs representing the basal expression of MT-1A and MT-1F were a minor transcript in HPT cells. Treatment of HPT cells with Cd2+, Zn2+, or Cu2+ increased the levels of MT-1E and MT-1A mRNA, but not the levels of MT-1X or MT-1F mRNA. The increase in MT-1E mRNA appeared to be influenced mainly by exposure to the various metals, whereas the increase in MT-1A mRNA was influenced more by exposure to a metal concentration eliciting a loss of cell viability. Treatment of HPT cells with the metals Hg2+, Ag2+, and Pb2+ was found to have no effect on the level of MT-1 mRNA at either sublethal or lethal concentrations. Using HPT cells as a model, these results suggest that new features of MT gene expression have been acquired in the human due to the duplication of the MT-1 gene.
The Emotional Impact of Aphasia (1999)

In this article we review the negative impact of aphasia on emotional well-being. Depression is the emotional response that has been examined most, and we examine the different causes of depression for people with aphasia. We discuss the relationships between recovery and emotional state and the clinical implications of these relationships, then review briefly issues of drug treatment for depression. We conclude that the emotional impact of aphasia can have a marked negative impact on recovery, response to rehabilitation, and psychosocial adjustment.
Fast Response Wall Pressure Measurement as a Means of Gas Turbine Blade Fault Identification (1991)

The distortions of the pressure field around rotating blades of turbomachinery components due to alterations of their shape can be utilized for the identification of faults related to the blading. Measurement of the unsteady pressure field near the wall provides information on such flow and pressure distortions and can thus be used for diagnostic purposes. An experimental investigation of the compressor rotating blade pressure field of an industrial gas turbine has been undertaken, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the abovementioned principle. Various realistic gas turbine blade faults have been examined. Application of the appropriate processing techniques demonstrates that unsteady pressure measurements can be used to identify the occurrence of minor blade faults (not traceable by standard techniques) as well as the kind of fault. The proposed methodology has the potential for being incorporated in a computerized engine health monitoring system.
Inhibition of VEGFR-3 Activation with the Antagonistic Antibody More Potently Suppresses Lymph Node and Distant Metastases than Inactivation of VEGFR-2 (2006)

Lymph nodes are the first site of metastases for most types of cancer, and lymph node status is a key indicator of patient prognosis. Induction of tumor lymphangiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) has been shown to play an important role in promoting tumor metastases to lymph nodes. Here, we employed receptor-specific antagonist antibodies in an orthotopic spontaneous breast cancer metastasis model to provide direct evidence for the key role of VEGFR-3 activation in metastasis. Inhibition of VEGFR-3 activation more potently suppressed regional and distant metastases than inactivation of VEGFR-2, although VEGFR-2 blockade was more effective in inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Despite prominent proliferation, metastases were not vascularized in any of the control and treatment groups, indicating that the growth of metastases was not dependent on angiogenesis at the secondary site for the duration of the experiment. Systemic treatment with either VEGFR-2 or VEGFR-3 antagonistic antibodies suppressed tumor lymphangiogenesis, indicating that VEGFR-3 signaling affects the rate of tumor cell entry into lymphatic vessels through both lymphangiogenesis-dependent and independent mechanisms. Combination treatment with the anti-VEGFR-2 and anti-VEGFR-3 antibodies more potently decreased lymph node and lung metastases than each antibody alone. These results validate the concept of targeting the lymphatic dissemination and thereby very early steps of the metastatic process for metastasis control and suggest that a combination therapy with antiangiogenic agents may be a particularly promising approach for controlling metastases.
Antioxidant Activity of Bisabolol: Inhibitory Effects on Chemiluminescence of Human Neutrophil Bursts and Cell-Free Systems (2008)

Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory reactions are closely interrelated, and increasing attention is being given to the search for new synthetic or natural antioxidant agents, capable of reducing ROS and consequent inflammation. It has been claimed that bisabolol (a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol) has an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activity, but this has almost exclusively been investigated using chemical or biochemical tests. We studied the ability of bisabolol to interfere with ROS production (luminol-amplified chemiluminescence, LACL) during human PMN respiratory bursts induced by both corpusculate(Candida albicans)and soluble stimulants (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, fMLP). LACL was also used to test cell-free systems (SIN-1 and H2O2/HOCl(-) systems) in order to investigate the presence of scavenging activity. After C. albicans stimulation, significant concentration-dependent LACL inhibition was observed at bisabolol concentrations ranging from 7.7 to 31 microg/ml; after the fMLP stimulus, significant LACL inhibition was observed at bisabolol concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 31 microg/ml. A similar effect was observed in the SIN-1 and H2O2/HOCl(-) systems. These findings draw the attention to the possible medical use of bisabolol as a means of improving the antioxidant network and restoring the redox balance by antagonising oxidative stress.
Multilayer nanoassembly of Sn-nanopillar arrays sandwiched between graphene layers for high-capacity lithium storage (2011)

Sn nanopillar arrays embedded between graphene sheets were assembled using a conventional film deposition and annealing process. The as-formed three-dimensional (3D) multilayered nanostructure was directly used as an anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries without adding any polymer binder and carbon black. Electrochemical measurements showed very high reversible capacity and excellent cycling performance at a current density as high as 5 A g−1. These results demonstrated that nanocomposite materials with highly functional 1D and 2D components can be synthesized by employing conventional top-down manufacturing methods and self-assembly principles.
The Synthesis of Thiazole Barbituric Acids. XIII (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Thiazole Barbituric Acids. XIIIFlorence E. Hooper and Treat B. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 2, 484–485Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01317a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01317a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transpositions and move groups in Monte Carlo tree search (2008)

Monte Carlo search, and specifically the UCT (Upper Confidence Bounds applied to Trees) algorithm, has contributed to a significant improvement in the game of Go and has received considerable attention in other applications. This article investigates two enhancements to the UCT algorithm. First, we consider the possible adjustments to UCT when the search tree is treated as a graph (and information amongst transpositions are shared). The second modification introduces move groupings, which may reduce the effective branching factor. Experiments with both enhancements were performed using artificial trees and in the game of Go. From the experimental results we conclude that both exploiting the graph structure and grouping moves may contribute to an increase in the playing strength of game programs using UCT.
Advances in Prediction of Stuck Pipe Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis (1994)

ABSTRACT Stuck pipe is known to occur as a result of several major mechanisms including wellbore instability, improper hole cleaning, and differential sticking forces. Using an evolution of the discriminant analysis methodology first published by Chevron1,2, a second generation engineering statistical model has been developed that incorporates the use of physical stuck pipe parameters in combination with a large body of drilling data to quantify the probability of stuck drill pipe for a given day of a well. Further, the tool predicts which stuck pipe mechanism is driving sticking risk and can thus be used to modify drilling variables to minimize the likelihood of sticking. An example application of the model in a recent Gulf of Mexico well is given.
Time-Resolved Characterization of Diesel Particulate Emissions. 2. Instruments for Elemental and Organic Carbon Measurements (2001)

The measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) mass for particles emitted by diesel vehicles is currently accomplished using particle collection on filters, followed by analysis using the thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis method (TOR) or one of its variations. Such filter methods limit time resolution to a minimum of several minutes, making it impossible to study emissions during transient operating conditions. Testing of five different measurement methods has demonstrated that fast response measurement of diesel exhaust particulate EC and OC concentrations, consistent with TOR filter measurements, is feasible using existing technology. EC mass concentrations are best measured through determination of particulate light absorption with a photoacoustic instrument or determination of light extinction with a smoke meter. The photoacoustic instrument has the better dynamic range and sensitivity, whereas the smoke meter is a simpler instrument. Fast response OC measurements cannot be made with any single instrument tested. However, a combination of real time weighing as implemented in the tapered element oscillating microbalance with the photoacoustic instrument has been shown to be capable of determining OC concentrations with good time response. The addition of a nephelometer to the OC measurement could potentially improve time resolution, freedom from interferences, and sensitivity.