gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regular-Language Semantics for a Call-by-Value Programming Language (2001)

We explain how game semantics can be used to reason about term equivalence in a finitary imperative first order language with arrays. For this language, the game-semantic interpretation of types and terms is fully characterized by their sets of complete plays. Because these sets are regular over the alphabet of moves, they are representable by (extended) regular expressions. The formal apparatus of game semantics is greatly simplified but the good theoretical properties of the model are preserved. The principal advantage of this approach is that it is mathematically elementary, while fully formalized. Since language equivalence for regular languages is decidable, this method of proving term equivalence is suitable for automation.
Suppressive Effect on Activation of Macrophages by <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> Strain Shirota Genes Determining the Synthesis of Cell Wall-Associated Polysaccharides (2008)

Although many Lactobacillus strains used as probiotics are believed to modulate host immune responses, the molecular natures of the components of such probiotic microorganisms directly involved in immune modulation process are largely unknown. We aimed to assess the function of polysaccharide moiety of the cell wall of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota as a possible immune modulator which regulates cytokine production by macrophages. A gene survey of the genome sequence of L. casei Shirota hunted down a unique cluster of 10 genes, most of whose predicted amino acid sequences had similarities to various extents to known proteins involved in biosynthesis of extracellular or capsular polysaccharides from other lactic acid bacteria. Gene knockout mutants of eight genes from this cluster resulted in the loss of reactivity to L. casei Shirota-specific monoclonal antibody and extreme reduction of high-molecular-mass polysaccharides in the cell wall fraction, indicating that at least these genes are involved in biosynthesis of high-molecular-mass cell wall polysaccharides. By adding heat-killed mutant cells to mouse macrophage cell lines or to mouse spleen cells, the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-10, and IL-6 was more stimulated than by wild-type cells. In addition, these mutants additively enhanced lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 production by RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells, while wild-type cells significantly suppressed the IL-6 production of RAW 264.7. Collectively, these results indicate that this cluster of genes of L. casei Shirota, which have been named cps1A, cps1B, cps1C, cps1D, cps1E, cps1F, cps1G, and cps1J, determine the synthesis of the high-molecular-mass polysaccharide moiety of the L. casei Shirota cell wall and that this polysaccharide moiety is the relevant immune modulator which may function to reduce excessive immune reactions during the activation of macrophages by L. casei Shirota.
Synthesis of silica-immobilized 8-quinolinol with (aminophenyl)trimethoxysilane (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of silica-immobilized 8-quinolinol with (aminophenyl)trimethoxysilaneMonte A. Marshall and Horacio A. MottolaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 13, 2089–2093Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00263a019Request reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (726 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Architecture of an English-Text-to-Sign-Languages Translation System (2001)

We present an overview of the overall architecture of the language-processing component of an English-Text to Sign-Languages translation system. Initially relevant aspects of sign languages and the influence these have on the design decisions in the translation system are described. Focusing on the analysis stage, we then present the syntactic, semantic and discourse oriented natural language processing (NLP) techniques, that are implemented to generate the DRS-based semantic representation from English text. We also give an account on the pronoun resolution algorithm, which is tightly coupled with the DRS creation.
Hypoglycemic Effect of <i>Opuntia streptacantha</i> Lemaire in NIDDM (1988)

To assess the hypoglycemic effect of the nopal Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire (O. streptacantha Lem.), three groups of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were studied. Group one (16 patients) ingested 500 g of broiled nopal stems. Group 2 (10 patients) received only 400 ml of water as a control test. Three tests were performed on group 3 (6 patients): one with nopal, a second with water, and a third with ingestion of 500 g broiled squash. Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. After the intake of O. streptacantha Lem., serum glucose and serum insulin levels decreased significantly in groups 1 and 3, whereas no similar changes were noticed in group 2. The mean reduction of glucose reached 17.6 +/- 2.2% of basal values at 180 min in group 1 and 16.2 +/- 1.8% in group 3; the reduction of serum insulin at 180 min reached 50.2 +/- 8.0% in group 1 and 40.3 +/- 12.4% in group 3. This study shows that the stems of O. streptacantha Lem. cause a hypoglycemic effect in patients with NIDDM. The mechanism of this effect is unknown, but an increased insulin sensitivity is suggested.
Saturated Min-Sum Decoding: An “Afterburner” for LDPC Decoder Hardware (2016)

LDPC codes are usually decoded by iterative belief propagation. However especially for small block lengths conventional belief propagation exhibits significant losses in signal-to-noise ratio compared to maximum likelihood decoding. In this paper we propose the combination of a conventional min-sum decoder enhanced by an advanced decoding scheme, that acts as a kind of “afterburner” to improve the frame error rate. We present hardware architectures and implementation results for a 28nm ASIC technology. The new decoder has a slightly higher complexity, but provides a gain of up to 1.6 dB signal-to-noise ratio over conventional belief propagation decoding for short block length. In addition, we show, that the new decoder implementation can decrease the amount of dark silicon.
Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Maleic Anhydride Alternating Copolymers by Static and Dynamic Light Scattering (2007)

Abstract The influence of the hydrophobicity of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes based on maleic anhydride alternating copolymers on the complex formation has been investigated by means of DLS and SLS. The change of hydrophobicity of the stock polyions was provided by variation of the comonomer (ethylene, isobutylene and styrene) in the polymer backbone. The particle size and the polydispersity at certain mixing ratios increase with increasing hydrophobicity of the used polyelectrolytes. Below the isoelectric point (1:1 interaction stoichiometry) an increase in the mixing ratio n − / n + leads to an increasing molar mass and density of the PECs within separate series while the polydispersity is decreasing. The radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius are less affected by the mixing ratio in this range. Above the isoelectric point, size and molar mass of the PECs increase strongly and depend on the amount and stabilizing efficiency of the added stabilizing polyelectrolyte. All studied PECs are found to be of spherical shape with different internal structure depending on the used polymers and the mixing ratio. magnified image
Quantitative Histone Mass Spectrometry Identifies Elevated Histone H3 Lysine 27 (Lys27) Trimethylation in Melanoma (2016)

Normal cell growth is characterized by a regulated epigenetic program that drives cellular activities such as gene transcription, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. Perturbation of this epigenetic program can lead to events such as mis-regulation of gene transcription and diseases such as cancer. To begin to understand the epigenetic program correlated to the development of melanoma, we performed a novel quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of histone post-translational modifications mis-regulated in melanoma cell culture as well as patient tumors. Aggressive melanoma cell lines as well as metastatic melanoma were found to have elevated histone H3 Lys(27) trimethylation (H3K27me3) accompanied by overexpressed methyltransferase EZH2 that adds the specific modification. The altered epigenetic program that led to elevated H3K27me3 in melanoma cell culture was found to directly silence transcription of the tumor suppressor genes RUNX3 and E-cadherin. The EZH2-mediated silencing of RUNX3 and E-cadherin transcription was also validated in advanced stage human melanoma tissues. This is the first study focusing on the detailed epigenetic mechanisms leading to EZH2-mediated silencing of RUNX3 and E-cadherin tumor suppressors in melanoma. This study underscores the utility of using high resolution mass spectrometry to identify mis-regulated epigenetic programs in diseases such as cancer, which could ultimately lead to the identification of biological markers for diagnostic and prognostic applications.
The Effect of Laryngoplasty on Pharyngeal Function in the Horse (1979)

Using fluoroscopic techniques and videotape recordings, a study of normal deglutition was made in 2 ponies. Paryngeal function was studied at intervals after laryngoplasty on 1 animal and after a sham technique on the other. Two clinical cases of laryngeal paralysis, which had been treated by laryngoplasty, were also examined. In the 2 experimental ponies, liquid food passed into the lower respiratory tract post-operatively. One of the clinical cases appeared to swallow solid food normally, but some food material entered the larynx of the other horse. It is suggested that pharyngeal dysfunction, as well as over-abduction of the arytenoid cartilage, might be involved in causing the chronic post-operative cough which the experiment was designed to investigate.
Characterization of Tobacco MADS-box Genes Involved in Floral Initiation (2002)

MADS-box genes encode regulatory factors that are involved at various stages in plant development. These genes function not only during early floral meristem identity, but also when the fate of floral organ primordia is determined in a later step. Here, we screened a floral bud cDNA library to isolate a tobacco MADS-box gene, NtMADS4, using the rice MADS-box gene, OsMADS1, as a probe. We previously reported that OsMADS1 plays a critical role in flower development in rice. Ectopic expression of NtMADS4 caused phenotypes of extremely early flowering as well as dwarfism. Plant MADS proteins have a K domain that mediates the formation of dimers. This dimerization appears to be an essential step for a functional protein complex. NtMADS11 was isolated as an interacting partner of NtMADS4 by yeast two-hybrid screening. The latter was included in the AGAMOUS-like 2 (AGL2) family whereas the former was categorized in the SQUAMOSA (SQUA) family. While the transcript of NtMADS4 was detectable only in reproductive organs, that of NtMADS11 was seen in both reproductive and vegetative organs. Expression levels were high for both genes during early developmental stages. Ectopic expression of NtMADS11 and OsMADS14 was able to rescue the floral organ defects seen in the strong ap1-1 mutant. Roles of NtMADS4 and NtMADS11 in the floral initiation are discussed.
The Edge Guided Mode Nonreciprocal Phase Shifter (2005)

Results of a theoretical study are presented for a model of non-reciprocal dielectric-ferrite loaded stripline phase shifter employing the edge guided dynamic mode.
Editing Text in the Wild (2019)

In this paper, we are interested in editing text in natural images, which aims to replace or modify a word in the source image with another one while maintaining its realistic look. This task is challenging, as the styles of both background and text need to be preserved so that the edited image is visually indistinguishable from the source image. Specifically, we propose an end-to-end trainable style retention network (SRNet) that consists of three modules: text conversion module, background inpainting module and fusion module. The text conversion module changes the text content of the source image into the target text while keeping the original text style. The background inpainting module erases the original text, and fills the text region with appropriate texture. The fusion module combines the information from the two former modules, and generates the edited text images. To our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to edit text in natural images at the word level. Both visual effects and quantitative results on synthetic and real-world dataset (ICDAR 2013) fully confirm the importance and necessity of modular decomposition. We also conduct extensive experiments to validate the usefulness of our method in various real-world applications such as text image synthesis, augmented reality (AR) translation, information hiding, etc.
Query Segmentation for Web Search (2003)

This paper describes a query segmentation method for search en-gines supporting inverse lookup of words and phrases. Data min-ing in query logs and document corpora is used to produce segment candidates and compute connexity measures. Candidates are con-sidered in context of the whole query, and a list of the most likely segmentations is generated, with each segment attributed with a connexity value. For each segmentation a segmentation score is computed from connexity values of non-trivial segments, which can be used as a sorting criterion for the segmentations. We also point to a relevancy improvement in query evaluation model by means of proximity penalty. Keywords web search, query processing, data mining, query segmentation, query evaluation 1.
Tetrazine‐Triggered Release of Carboxylic‐Acid‐Containing Molecules for Activation of an Anti‐inflammatory Drug (2019)

In addition to its use for the study of biomolecules in living systems, bioorthogonal chemistry has emerged as a promising strategy to enable protein or drug activation in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. This study demonstrates the application of a bioorthogonal inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reaction to cleave trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and vinyl protecting groups from carboxylic acid-containing molecules. The tetrazine-mediated decaging reaction proceeded under biocompatible conditions with fast reaction kinetics (<2 min). The anti-inflammatory activity of ketoprofen was successfully reinstated after decaging of the nontoxic TCOprodrug in live macrophages. Overall, this work expands the scope of functional groups and the application of decaging reactions to a new class of drugs.
Allergy-related proctocolitis in infants: diagnostic usefulness of rectal biopsy. (1990)

To evaluate the diagnostic utility of rectal mucosal biopsies in infants with proctocolitis, we compared the clinical and histologic features of an allergy-related group (N = 36) with those of normal (N = 12) and inflammatory (N = 8) controls. Clinical features were nondiscriminatory among the three groups of patients, except for an increased absolute peripheral eosinophil count in the allergic group. Similarly, morphologic evidence of proctitis (cryptitis and crypt abscesses) and small or moderate numbers of eosinophils (less than or equal to 60 per ten high power fields) in the lamina propria of the biopsies did not discriminate among the three groups. However, large numbers of eosinophils (greater than 60 per ten high power fields) and eosinophils located in the muscularis mucosae or as the predominant cell in crypt abscesses were significantly associated with allergy-related disease. No histologic features of chronic colitis were noted in the allergy-related group. Thus, in tandem with the remainder of the clinical data, rectal mucosal biopsy is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of allergic proctocolitis.
Introduction to WordNet: An On-line Lexical Database<sup>*</sup> (1990)

WordNet is an on-line lexical reference system whose design is inspired by current psycholinguistic theories of human lexical memory. English nouns, verbs, and adjectives are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept. Different relations link the synonym sets.
Massive intravascular haemolysis after high dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (2013)

A 58-year-old Caucasian female was known to have had autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) since childhood and had undergone splenectomy when she was 16 years old. She presented with a platelet count of 15 x 109/l with bleeding manifestations and high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was therefore administered. The IVIG administered was Intragam-P (CSL Ltd., Parkville, Victoria, Australia). Her platelet count showed good improvement and had normalized by 48 h. However 48 h after a second dose of IVIG, the patient complained of reddish urine and her haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was found to have dropped from 122 g/l to 100 g/l, falling to 80 g/l after a further three days. Severe haemolysis was evidenced by polychromasia, spherocytes and nucleated red cells in her blood film (top). High lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high bilirubin and low haptoglobin levels were also noted. A direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was strongly positive (4 + ), anti-IgG was strongly positive (4 + ) and anti-C3d was negative. Anti-A antibody was eluted from the red cells. The plasma was dark red in colour due to intravascular haemolysis (bottom left). Urine was also red in colour due to haemoglobinuria (bottom right), with no red cells on urine microscopy. There was no renal impairment. The patient's blood group was A RhD-positive. Tests for antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA and anti-extractable nuclear antigen were negative.
Structure−Activity Relationships of Cycloalkylamide Derivatives as Inhibitors of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (2011)

Structure-activity relationships of cycloalkylamide compounds as inhibitors of human sEH were investigated. When the left side of amide function was modified by a variety of cycloalkanes, at least a C6 like cyclohexane was necessary to yield reasonable inhibition potency on the target enzyme. In compounds with a smaller cycloalkane or with a polar group on the left side of amide function, no inhibition was observed. On the other hand, increased hydrophobicity dramatically improved inhibition potency. Especially, a tetrahydronaphthalene (20) effectively increased the potency. When a series of alkyl or aryl derivatives of cycloalkylamide were investigated to continuously optimize the right side of the amide pharmacophore, a benzyl moiety functionalized with a polar group produced highly potent inhibition. A nonsubstituted benzyl, alkyl, aryl, or biaryl structure present on the right side of the cycloalkylamide function induced a big decrease in inhibition potency. Also, the resulting potent cycloalkylamide (32) showed reasonable physical properties.
Keratan Sulfate Modification of CD44 Modulates Adhesion to Hyaluronate (1996)

CD44 alternative splicing has been implicated in the regulation of CD44 function. CD44 undergoes significant posttranslational modification in all cells, but the functional consequences of these modifications are poorly understood. In the current study, we have demonstrated that keratan sulfate modification of CD44 significantly modulates its ability to bind to hyaluronate. We observed naturally occurring differences in CD44 keratan sulfate substitution between two clonal variants of the KM12 human colon carcinoma cell line. CD44 on the highly metastatic KM12L4 clone is more heavily substituted with keratan sulfate than CD44 on the poorly metastatic KM12C6 clone. Moreover, CD44H on KM12L4 bound to hyaluronate poorly compared to CD44H on KM12C6. Removal of keratan sulfate from CD44 greatly enhanced CD44-mediated cell adhesion to hyaluronate. Removal of keratan sulfate from CD44H-immunoglobulin fusion proteins also enhanced their adhesion to hyaluronate. The influence of glycosaminoglycan substitution on CD44 function was specific to keratan sulfate substitution; treatment to remove chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, or hyaluronate did not affect CD44-mediated cell adhesion to hyaluronate. Use of site-directed CD44H cDNA mutants with arginine changed to alanine at position 41 indicated that keratan sulfate modification of CD44 modulates hyaluronate adhesion through its B loop domain. These findings suggest that keratan sulfate modification of CD44 may play an important regulatory role in the broad spectrum of biological processes attributed to CD44, including normal development, tumor progression, and lymphocyte function.
Data Augmentation for Time Series Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

International audience
Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Peptide Stimulates GH Release in Normal Men and Acts Synergistically with GH-Releasing Hormone* (1990)

The acute GH release stimulated by the synthetic hexapeptide, His-DTrp-Ala-Trp-DPhe-Lys-NH2 [GH releasing peptide (GHRP)], was determined in 18 normal men and compared with the effects of GH-releasing hormone, GHRH-(1-44)-NH2. Specificity of effect was assessed by measurement of serum PRL, LH, TSH, and cortisol. GHRP was administered at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 microgram/kg by iv bolus. GHRH at a dose of 1.0 microgram/kg was administered alone and together with various does of GHRP. No adverse clinical effects of laboratory abnormalities were observed in response to GHRP. A side-effect of mild facial flushing of 1- to 3-min duration occurred in 16 of the 18 subjects who received GHRH-(1-44)-NH2. Mean (+/- SEM) peak serum GH levels after injection of placebo and 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 microgram/kg GHRP were 1.2 +/- 0.3, 7.6 +/- 2.5, 16.5 +/- 4.1, and 68.7 +/- 15.5 micrograms/L, respectively. The submaximal dosages of 0.1 and 0.3 microgram/kg GHRP plus 1 microgram/kg GHRH stimulated GH release synergistically. Serum PRL and cortisol levels rose about 2-fold above basal levels only at the 1 microgram/kg dose of GHRP, and there were no changes in serum LH and TSH over the first hour after administration of the peptide(s). GHRP is a potent secretagogue of GH in normal men. Since GHRP and GHRH together stimulate GH release synergistically, these results suggest that GHRP and GHRH act independently. This supports our hypothesis that the GH-releasing activity of GHRP reflects a new physiological system in need of further characterization in animals and man.