gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of human hepatocyte growth factor production by interleukin-1 alpha and -1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by fibroblasts in culture. (1993)

Human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) was first purified from plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (Gohda, E., Tsubouchi, H., Nakayama, H., Hirono, S., Sakiyama, O., Takahashi, K., Miyazaki, H., Hashimoto, S., and Daikuhara, Y. (1988) J. Clin. Invest. 81, 414-419) and is now identified to be the same protein as the scatter factor (Weidner, K. M., Arakaki, N., Hartmann, G., Vandekerckhove, J., Weingart, S., Rieder, H., Fonatsch, C., Tsubouchi, H., Hishida, T., Daikuhara, Y., and Birchmeier, W. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88, 7001-7005) and tumor cytotoxic factor (Shima, N., Nakao, M., Ogaki, F., Tsuda, E., Murakami, A., and Higashio, K. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 180, 1151-1158), and it is known to be produced by fibroblasts in culture. Here we report that inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulate production of hHGF from human embryonic lung fibroblasts, MRC-5, and human gingival fibroblasts, GF-5. Recombinant human IL-1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha) and recombinant human TNF-alpha (rhTNF-alpha) increased hHGF levels in culture supernatants of MRC-5 and GF-5 cells dose-dependently as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hHGF. The half-maximal stimulatory concentrations of rhIL-1 alpha and rhTNF-alpha were about 1ng/ml and 10 units/ml, respectively. rhIL-1 beta showed almost the same effect as IL-1 alpha on stimulation of production of immunoreactive hHGF from the two cell lines. However, rhIL-6 failed to show the stimulatory effect on hHGF production by the cells in the range of 2-200 units/ml. Human interferon-beta and -gamma also did not show the stimulatory activity. Stimulation of hHGF production was observed 6-12 h after addition of rhIL-1 alpha or rhTNF-alpha and lasted at least 48 h, and the observed stimulation of hHGF production by cytokines was suppressed by addition of corresponding antiserum. hHGF mRNA levels of MRC-5 cells increased by addition of rhIL-1 alpha and rhTNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner as determined by Northern blot analysis using cDNA for hHGF as a probe. In addition, results from nuclear run-off transcription experiments showed that the two cytokines regulated increasing hHGF gene expression at transcriptional levels rather than a change in mRNA stability. These observations indicate that the inflammatory cytokines modulate the production and secretion of hHGF by fibroblasts and may play an important role for tissue repair and regeneration.
Biodiversidad de moluscos terrestres en México (2013)

Los Mollusca terrestres pertenecen exclusivamente a la clase Gastropoda. Son muy diversos en formas, tamanos (1 a 200-300 mm), habitos, ambientes (por clima y vegetacion), ciclos de vida y en la edad que alcanzan. Prosobranchia, con pocos representantes; los Pulmonata son los exitosos. Son presas o depredadores. Hacia el final del siglo XIX e inicios del XX obras colosales conjuntaron la diversidad conocida entonces. Reconocemos 8 familias en Prosobranchia y 39 en Pulmonata, con 5 familias agregadas recientemente: Cerionidae, Eucalodiidae, Holospiridae, Epirobiidae y Echinichidae. El endemismo alcanza 62% en las familias pequenas; las 1 184 especies terrestres mexicanas representan el 3.4% del total mundial y por hallarse habra 2 200 mas. Los patrones poblacionales de las familias Holospiridae y Epirobiidae estan bien definidos pues se rigen por el tipo de suelo con caliza y/o dolomita. Los moluscos terrestres americanos son solitarios; empero, florecen poblaciones abundantes (Xerarionta, Praticolella, Humboldtiana). Bajo explotacion local como alimento esta Lysinoe ghiesbreghti. Nueve familias son las mas diversas: Spiraxidae, Orthalicidae, Holospiridae, Helicinidae, Eucalodiidae, Helminthoglyptidae, Vertiginidae (= Pupillidae), Polygyridae y Humboldtianidae. La riqueza por estados es desigual, la de Veracruz es mas conocida, mientras Aguascalientes y Tlaxcala carecen de registros. Entre 1891-1895 y 1926-1930 se describio un alto numero de especies. En el grupo hacen falta estudios sobre los ciclos de vida, conducta y ecologia.
Absence of IFN-γ or IL-12 Has Different Effects on Experimental Myasthenia Gravis in C57BL/6 Mice (2000)

Immunization with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) causes experimental myasthenia gravis (EMG). Th1 cells facilitate EMG development. IFN-gamma and IL-12 induce Th1 responses: we investigated whether these cytokines are necessary for EMG development. We immunized wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and IFN-gamma and IL-12 knockout mutants (IFN-gamma-/-, IL-12-/-) with Torpedo AChR (TAChR). WT and IFN-gamma-/- mice developed EMG with similar frequency, IL-12-/-mice were resistant to EMG. All strains synthesized anti-AChR Ab that were not IgM or IgE. WT mice had anti-AChR IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c, IFN-gamma-/- mice had significantly less IgG2c, and IL-12-/- mice less IgG2b and IgG2c. All mice had IgG bound to muscle synapses, but only WT and IFN-gamma-/- mice had complement; WT mice had both IgG2b and IgG2c, IFN-gamma-/- only IgG2b, and IL-12-/- neither IgG2b nor IgG2c. CD4+ cells from all AChR-immunized mice proliferated in response to AChR and recognized similar epitopes. After stimulation with TAChR, CD4+ cells from IFN-gamma-/- mice secreted less IL-2 and similar amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 as WT mice. CD4+ cells from IL-12-/- mice secreted less IFN-gamma, but more IL-4 and IL-10 than WT mice, suggesting that they developed a stronger Th2 response to TAChR. The EMG resistance of IL-12-/- mice is likely due to both reduction of anti-TAChR Ab that bind complement and sensitization of modulatory Th2 cells. The reduced Th1 function of IFN-gamma-/- mice does not suffice to reduce all complement-fixing IgG subclasses, perhaps because as in WT mice a protective Th2 response is missing.
Design of a Secure Password-Based Authentication Scheme for M2M Networks in IoT Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems (2019)

The Internet of Things (IoT) forms a foundation for cyber-physical systems. We propose an efficient and secure authentication scheme for machine-to-machine (M2M) networks in IoT enabled cyber-physical systems. Smart objects and smart devices over CPS are capable of capturing a variety of multimedia contents; interact with each other and also with the physical world in a fully automatic manner without human interference. The proposed scheme allows any pair of entities in an M2M network to mutually authenticate each other and agree on a session key for communicating data in a secure and efficient way. The authentication process does not incorporate the M2M service provider, and hence eliminates the burden of managing the authentication of massive scale devices at the edge of the network. The burden of the authentication process is offloaded and distributed on the gateways under the authority of this M2M service provider. The proposed scheme requires the mobile user to hold only one secret key provided by the M2M service provider, by which, he can roam randomly in the M2M network and authenticate to any of the gateways in the domain. Then, this authenticated gateway allows the mobile user to authenticate with any sensor node in the domain. In the proposed scheme, the authentication process does not rely on any public key cryptographic operations. Authentication is achieved using very few hash invocations and symmetric key encryptions. Therefore, the scheme is suitable for environmental sensors which are limited in resources (computation, storage, and energy). We analyze the security of the proposed scheme using BAN logic, which is widely accepted as a framework for the assessment of authentication protocols and also using ProVerif. We assess the efficiency of the proposed scheme and compare with some recently proposed schemes.
Density correction of peripheral breast tissue on digital mammograms. (1996)

When digital mammograms are viewed on video displays, evaluation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is often difficult and may require special window settings. An algorithm has been developed for selective enhancement (ie, density correction) of the dark peripheral portions of the breast on mammograms. After an automated segmentation of the digital mammogram and identification of the skin line, a fitted enhancement curve is generated to selectively enhance all pixels within a certain distance from the skin to match the density of the center part of the breast. After enhancement, skin and breast parenchyma can be evaluated simultaneously without the need for different window settings. When tested on a set of 400 digitized mammograms, the density correction algorithm significantly (P < .0001) increased the maximum area of breast tissue visualized simultaneously at window width settings of 0.5-2.0 delta OD (optical density). Artifacts interfering with interpretation were observed in less than 1%. The algorithm for correcting the density of peripheral breast tissue substantially facilitates and improves the display of digital mammograms and thus will be a valuable component of an integrated workstation for computer-aided diagnosis in mammography.
Satellite‐derived data produced for the polar regions (1997)

The polar regions are crucial to global change research: climate signals are amplified at the poles, and snow‐ and sea ice‐covered areas are especially sensitive to climate change. Extensive remote sensing data are already available to address these issues, but the voluminous archives were inconvenient and expensive for most investigators.
VII. Über die Krystallform der Phenylglyzerinsäure C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub> C(OH)H C(OH)H COOH (Smp. 141° C.) und ihrer aktiven Komponenten (1915)

Article VII. Über die Krystallform der Phenylglyzerinsäure C6H5 C(OH)H C(OH)H COOH (Smp. 141° C.) und ihrer aktiven Komponenten was published on December 1, 1915 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 55, issue 1-6).
Bromine in the lower atmosphere (1991)

A critical review is presented of the chemistry of bromine in the atmosphere, particularly the troposphere. Calculations are presented of the natural oceanic sources of bromine and combined with known anthropogenic sources to make up a global emission rate. Atmospheric concentrations, chemical transformations and removal processes are discussed. There are several well characterised bromine molecules that no doubt occur but have not yet been measured in the atmosphere. Also new molecules, known only from theoretical calculations and limited laboratory observations, that could participate in atmospheric chemistry are discussed. The cycle of bromine through the atmosphere is still incompletely understood.
DBA/2J Genetic Background Exacerbates Spontaneous Lethal Seizures but Lessens Amyloid Deposition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuronal dysfunction. Early onset AD (EOAD) is commonly caused by mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) or genes involved in the processing of APP including the presenilins (e.g. PSEN1 or PSEN2). In general, mouse models relevant to EOAD recapitulate amyloidosis, show only limited amounts of NFTs and neuronal cell dysfunction and low but significant levels of seizure susceptibility. To investigate the effect of genetic background on these phenotypes, we generated APPswe and PSEN1de9 transgenic mice on the seizure prone inbred strain background, DBA/2J. Previous studies show that the DBA/2J genetic background modifies plaque deposition in the presence of mutant APP but the impact of PSEN1de9 has not been tested. Our study shows that DBA/2J.APPswePSEN1de9 mice are significantly more prone to premature lethality, likely to due to lethal seizures, compared to B6.APPswePSEN1de9 mice-70% of DBA/2J.APPswePSEN1de9 mice die between 2-3 months of age. Of the DBA/2J.APPswePSEN1de9 mice that survived to 6 months of age, plaque deposition was greatly reduced compared to age-matched B6.APPswePSEN1de9 mice. The reduction in plaque deposition appears to be independent of microglia numbers, reactive astrocytosis and complement C5 activity.
Third order intermodulation distortion in capacitive-gap transduced micromechanical filters (2015)

The third-order intermodulation distortion in properly terminated high-order bridged clamped-clamped beam (CC-beam) channel-select micromechanical filters has been measured for the first time and found to be appreciably higher than seen on unterminated stand-alone CC-beams. In particular, a three-resonator bridged 8-MHz filter with 140nm gaps posts a measured IIP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> of 25dBm and 36dBm for two-tone offsets of 200kHz and 400kHz, respectively, which are much larger than the −11.7dBm for a stand-alone 9.2MHz CC-beam with 200kHz two-tone offset. For the case where the required minimum signal-to-noise ratio is 10dB, the IIP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> of 36dBm translates to an impressive spurious-free dynamic range of 102.3dB. The result matches well the prediction of a new model for non-linearity that incorporates not only parallel-plate capacitor nonlinearity, but also the influence of the filter structure, where Q-loading by the termination reduces the degree of out-of-channel tone suppression, but also reduces the amplitude of resonator motion, which then improves the IIP <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> . The full model incorporates these phenomena, plus dependencies on dc-bias, gap spacing, and electrode area.
Regulatory Elements of the Floral Homeotic Gene <i>AGAMOUS</i> Identified by Phylogenetic Footprinting and Shadowing[W] (2003)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, cis-regulatory sequences of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) are located in the second intron. This 3-kb intron contains binding sites for two direct activators of AG, LEAFY (LFY) and WUSCHEL (WUS), along with other putative regulatory elements. We have used phylogenetic footprinting and the related technique of phylogenetic shadowing to identify putative cis-regulatory elements in this intron. Among 29 Brassicaceae species, several other motifs, but not the LFY and WUS binding sites identified previously, are largely invariant. Using reporter gene analyses, we tested six of these motifs and found that they are all functionally important for the activity of AG regulatory sequences in A. thaliana. Although there is little obvious sequence similarity outside the Brassicaceae, the intron from cucumber AG has at least partial activity in A. thaliana. Our studies underscore the value of the comparative approach as a tool that complements gene-by-gene promoter dissection but also demonstrate that sequence-based studies alone are insufficient for a complete identification of cis-regulatory sites.
Primary cortisol resistance associated with a thermolabile glucocorticoid receptor in a patient with fatigue as the only symptom. (1986)

We have studied a woman with an apparent receptor-mediated resistance to cortisol on the basis of elevated 24-h mean plasma cortisol levels and increased urinary free cortisol. Plasma ACTH concentrations were normal but she was resistant to adrenal suppression by dexamethasone. No stigmata of Cushing's syndrome were seen. To study the proposed end-organ resistance to cortisol, we examined the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in lymphocytes and in fibroblasts from this patient and from her son. Several molecular properties of the GR of lymphocytes from the patient were indistinguishable from that of normal control subjects. In thermolability assays, however, the patient's GR as well as her son's GR showed a striking heat sensitivity at 40 degrees and 45 degrees C when compared with GR from normal persons. In addition, data from the thermolability assays correlated well with the lack at 45 degrees C of dexamethasone-induced decrease in in vitro [3H]thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes derived from both patients.
A Series–Parallel Current-Driven Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter (2015)

This paper presents a novel series-parallel current-driven (SPCD) full-bridge dc/dc converter, which is able to process and deliver power efficiently over a wide range of load variations. In order to guarantee reliable operation of high-frequency dc/dc converters, the converter should be able to sustain soft switching for a wide range of operating conditions. The SPCD full-bridge converter, proposed in this paper, is able to offer soft switching for the input power semiconductors and smooth commutations for the output diodes. Also, the particular structure of the proposed converter eliminates the need for extra auxiliary circuits to provide reactive current for soft switching at light loads. The proposed topology can fully eliminate voltage spikes across the output diodes by providing smooth and lossless commutations for the output diodes. Thus, the proposed converter can be an efficient and reliable solution for variety of applications with a high switching frequency and a high output voltage. The SPCD full-bridge converter has the ability to integrate all magnetic components into an integrated transformer in order to achieve a high power density. The integrated transformer is thoroughly analyzed using ANSYS high-frequency structure simulator. Simulation and experimental results confirm the superior performance of the proposed SPCD full-bridge dc/dc converter.
When the concepts of spectral frequency and instantaneous frequency converge (1993)

The concept of frequency is at the heart of seismology: it is essential to know what frequencies constitute seismic data. To this end one applies Fourier analysis to obtain a Fourier power spectrum, made up of individual spectral frequencies each associated with a power. The spectral frequencies are taken as the frequencies that constitute the data. But one could also apply complex trace analysis to obtain an instantaneous frequency trace made up of individual instantaneous frequencies each associated with a specific time. The instantaneous frequencies are then taken as the frequencies that constitute the data.
SR-LLA: A novel spectral reconstruction method based on locally linear approximation (2013)

Compared with tristimulus, spectrum contains much more information of a color, which can be used in many fields, such as disease diagnosis and material recognition. In order to get an accurate and stable reconstruction of spectral data from a tristimulus input, a method based on locally linear approximation is proposed in this paper, namely SR-LLA. To test the performance of SR-LLA, we conduct experiments on three Munsell databases and present a comprehensive analysis of its accuracy and stability. We also compare the performance of SR-LLA with the other two spectral reconstruction methods based on BP neural network and PCA, respectively. Experimental results indicate that SR-LLA could outperform other competitors in terms of both accuracy and stability for spectral reconstruction.
O/sup 2/ADL: an object-oriented analog VLSI design language (2002)

Object technology can be applied to analog VLSI design to exploit circuit compositional hierarchy, design process hierarchy and design module reuse. Conventional object-oriented programming languages are not suitable for such application due to the difficulties in describing VLSI circuit behaviour, modelling design technology/process hierarchy, implementing class name sharing and dynamically configuring design database. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed an object-oriented analog VLSI design language which provides a set of high-level constructs to conveniently describe and design VLSI circuits. A number of new concepts have been introduced in O/sup 2/ADL and a dynamic-and-selective inheritance algorithm has been developed to model the design technology/process, to reduce the size of the design database and to achieve code sharing and reusability.
Citation Analysis of the Field of Medical Decision Making (1988)

This article updates a prior citation analysis of medical decision making, published in this journal in 1984. Building on the original core list, decision making papers were added based on any of three criteria: citation of three papers already on the list, identification by a MEDLINE search (CATLINE for books) as relevant to the topic, or mention in a recent review article on decision analysis. The revised core list contains 105 articles and five books. The changes in the field of medical decision making from 1978 to 1981 are reviewed, and key areas of development are identified by co-citation clustering.
A highly sensitive multi-element HgCdTe e-APD detector for IPDA lidar applications (2013)

A 16 element HgCdTe e-APD detector has been developed for lidar receivers that has significant improvements in sensitivity in the spectral range from < 1μm to 4 μm. A demonstration detector consisting of a 4x4 APD detector array, with 80 μm square elements, a custom CMOS readout integrated circuit (ROIC), a closed cycle cooler-Dewar, and support electronics has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The custom ROIC design provides > 6 MHz bandwidth with low noise and 21 selectable gains. Ninety-six arrays were fabricated with 69% of the arrays meeting the dark current spec in the center 4 pixels at 10 V bias where the APD gain was expected to be around 150. Measurements to 12 V on one array showed APD gains of 654 with a gain normalized dark currents of 1.2 fA to 3.2 fA. The lowest dark current array showed a maximum dark current of 6.2 pA at 10 V and 77 K. The 4.4 μm cutoff detector was characterized at an operating temperature of 77K with a 1.55 μm, 1μs wide, laser pulse. The photon conversion efficiency at unity gain was 91%. The mean measured APD gain at 77 K was 308 at 11V, the responsivity was 782 μV/pW, the average NEP was 1.04 fW/Hz<sup>1/2</sup>. The bandwidth was 6.8 MHz, and the broadband NEP was 2.97 pW. This detector offers a wide spectral response, dynamic range, and substantially improved sensitivity and lifetime for integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar measurements of atmospheric trace gases such as CO2 and CH4.
Amorphous silica nanowires: Intensive blue light emitters (1998)

We report large-scale synthesis of silica nanowires (SiONWs) using an excimer laser ablation method. Silica was produced in the form of amorphous nanowires at a diameter of ∼15 nm and a length up to hundreds micrometers. The SiONWs emit stable and high brightness blue light at energies of 2.65 and 3.0 eV. The intensity of the emission is two orders of magnitude higher than that of porous silicon. The SiONWs may have potential applications in high-resolution optical heads of scanning near-field optical microscope or nanointerconnections in future integrated optical devices.