gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles of Crystal Nucleation and Growth (2003)

Research Article| January 03, 2003 Principles of Crystal Nucleation and Growth James J. De Yoreo; James J. De Yoreo Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Peter G. Vekilov Peter G. Vekilov Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information James J. De Yoreo Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551 U.S.A. Peter G. Vekilov Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204 U.S.A. Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 03 Mar 2017 © The Mineralogical Society Of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2003) 54 (1): 57–93. https://doi.org/10.2113/0540057 Article history First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation James J. De Yoreo, Peter G. Vekilov; Principles of Crystal Nucleation and Growth. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2003;; 54 (1): 57–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/0540057 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search In the most general sense, biomineralization is a process by which organisms produce materials solutions for their own functional requirements. Because so many biomineral products are derived from an initial solution phase and are either completely crystalline or include crystalline components, an understanding of the physical principles of crystallization from solutions is an important tool for students of biomineralization. However, crystal growth is a science of great breadth and depth, about which many extensive texts have been written. In addition, there are already other thorough reviews that specifically address the crystal growth field of study as it relates to biomineral... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
<title>New design methodologies in (111)-oriented silicon wafers</title> (1999)

New methodologies in anisotropic wet-chemical etching of oriented silicon allowing useful process designs combined with smart mask-to crystal-orientation-alignment are presented. The described methods yield smooth, etch-step free surfaces as well as high-quality plan-parallel beams and membranes. With a combination of pre-etching at different depths and passivation steps, structures can be etched at different levels in a wafer. Design rules using the < 100 >-crystal orientation, supplemented with examples demonstrate the high potential of using < 100 > oriented wafers in microsystem design.
41.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Novel Field‐induced Pre‐tilt Alignment Technique Using a Photo‐reactive Alignment Layer for VA LCD (2010)

Abstract We developed a novel LC alignment method for controlling molecular tilt angle by applying a field with photo—reactive polyimide as an alignment layer. This innovative technology establishes a high level VA‐LCD whose characteristic is not only fast response time but also a lower black level even more high reliability.
Methods for detection of HPV infection and its clinical utility (2006)

HPVs cannot be cultured and the detection of virus relies on a variety of techniques used in immunology, serology, and molecular biology. Currently the only FDA-approved commercially available method for the detection of HPV DNA is the Hybrid Capture assay, version hc2 (Digene, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) which is able to detect 13 high-risk types of HPV. The advantage of PCR-based methods of HPV DNA detection is that they allow for the identification of different types of HPV. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of HPV DNA detection. HPV DNA testing can be used in a variety of clinical scenarios that include a primary screening test, particularly in women older than 30 years; as an adjunctive test to cytology; to triage women who have an equivocal cytologic find- ing, e.g., ASC-US, or for follow up post-treatment. In addition, HPV DNA testing can be performed on samples obtained by women themselves (so-called self-sampling), which may be useful in women who are resistant to undergoing gynecologic exami- nations.
Die Darstellung isoleucinverwandter <scp>L</scp>‐α‐Aminocarbonsäuren (1975)

Abstract Isocyanessigsäure‐ tert ‐butylester ( 4 ) ist ein geeignetes Ausgangsprodukt, aliphatische α‐Amino‐carbonsäuren in wenigen Schritten und guten Ausbeuten darzustellen. Diese Arbeit beschreibt, ausgehend von 4 , die Synthese von β‐unverzweigten α‐Aminocarbonsäuren ( 6 ), die Darstellung von 3,3‐Dialkyl‐2‐formamido‐2‐alkensäureestern ( 7 ), deren Hydrierung und Verseifung zu β‐verzweigten α‐Aminocarbonsäuren ( 9 ), die enzymatische Trennung racemischer Gemische sowie die Trennung diastereomerer Aminosäuren durch Hochspannungspapierelektrophorese. Die Absolutkonfiguration der reinen Verbindungen wird mitgeteilt.
X-Ray Radiation of the Plasma Focus with Inverse Pinch Switch (1999)

X-ray radiation characteristics of the plasma focus with inverse pinch switch was investigated. The plasma focus device power with capability of 20 kJ contains a 40 kV condenser power supply and adopts a new type of switch system, The mechanism of X-ray radiation was analyzed using a pair of detectors. The variation of X-ray radiation as a function of the position of emitted X-ray and the shape of electrode was examined closely using the time-integrated method. By analyzing the mechanism, we found that the X-ray radiation has three peaks in the optimal plasma focus condition with the middle one being m =0 instability.
Anesthetics and Excitatory/Inhibitory Responses of Midbrain Reticular Neurons (1984)

The effects of nitrous oxide, halothane, ether, isoflurane, thiopental, and thiamylal on the excitatory as well as inhibitory responses of single neurons in the midbrain reticular formation (MRF), believed to be one of the most important sites for the regulation of wakefulness, were studied by long-term, extracellular microelectrode recording in cats and rats. All anesthetics except nitrous oxide suppressed the excitatory responses of MRF neurons evoked by somatosensory stimulation. The inhibitory responses markedly were potentiated by both barbiturates but variously affected by other inhalation anesthetics. Blockade of the inhibitory responses (disinhibition) was observed more frequently with the inhalation agents during the light state of anesthesia. Thus, suppression of excitatory responses is likely to be a general feature of the anesthetic state in terms of the behavior of MRF neurons. Further, potentiation of the inhibitory responses might be characteristic of barbiturate anesthesia.
PCM Signal Codecs for Video Applications (1979)

Much work has been done, and much has been written in recent years, regarding the use of digital techniques in television. This tutorial paper examines the various A/D and D/A conversion techniques which are applicable to today's and tomorrow's video technology. The dominant error sources associated with each technique are discussed. Test methods and results are described which demonstrate how properly designed conversion systems can be expected to perform in an analog video environment. Where conventional analog test methods may provide ambiguous or misleading results, alternate test methods are proposed.
A feature extraction system for handwritten character recognition (1987)

The problem of devising a feature extraction system is addressed here. Mathematical formulation of characters and their features are presented. Structural pattern recognition concepts are employed for the extraction of the features. Two stages, the preprocessing stage and the feature extraction stage, are examined. Some statistical techniques are used for obtaining a binary image. Discussions that demonstrate the performance of the system are given. An implementation of the system is presented and discussed. A major part of the system is implemented in Turbo Pascal.
Induction of inflammation by Escherichia coli on the mucosal level: requirement for adherence and endotoxin (1988)

Bacterial infection of the mouse urinary tract is followed by the recruitment of leukocytes to the mucosal surface. This study examined the bacterial components involved in the induction of this response. Escherichia coli of serotype O75:K5:H- expressing adhesins specific for the Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta- (Gal, galactose) and mannose-containing receptors were instilled into the urinary bladder of lipopolysaccharide responder (C3H/HcN) and lipopolysaccharide nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) mice. The inflammation was quantitated as the number of leukocytes excreted into the urine at various times after infection. The response was first shown to depend on the Lps genotype of the mouse. The leukocyte excretion that occurred within 24 h after infection of C3H/HeN mice was absent in C3H/HeJ mice. The components triggering the response were present on both live and Formalin-killed bacterial cells, and the response was mimicked by intravesical inoculation of isolated lipid A. Pretreatment of bacteria with soluble receptor oligosaccharides resulted in inhibition of attachment in vitro and of the inflammation in vivo. A direct synergy between adhesins specific for Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta receptors and lipid A was demonstrated. Mixtures of these components induced a leukocyte response higher than the sum of the responses to each component alone. These results suggest that the inflammation induced by gram-negative bacteria in the urinary tract can be triggered at the level of the epithelial cells by endotoxin presented by an attaching bacterial cell and that intact function at the Lps locus of the host is required for this to occur.
Essential role of protein kinase Bγ (PKBγ/Akt3) in postnatal brain development but not in glucose homeostasis (2005)

Protein kinase B is implicated in many crucial cellular processes, such as metabolism, apoptosis and cell proliferation. In contrast to Pkb(alpha) and Pkb(beta)-deficient mice, Pkb(gamma)(-/-) mice are viable, show no growth retardation and display normal glucose metabolism. However, in adult Pkb(gamma)mutant mice, brain size and weight are dramatically reduced by about 25%. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the reduction of Pkb(gamma)(-/-) brain volumes with a proportionally smaller ventricular system. Examination of the major brain structures revealed no anatomical malformations except for a pronounced thinning of white matter fibre connections in the corpus callosum. The reduction in brain weight of Pkb(gamma)(-/-) mice is caused, at least partially, by a significant reduction in both cell size and cell number. Our results provide novel insights into the physiological role of Pkb(gamma) and suggest a crucial role in postnatal brain development.
Extracting consistent knowledge from highly inconsistent cancer gene data sources (2010)

Although they have very low gene overlapping, most cancer gene data sources are highly consistent at the functional level, which indicates that they can separately capture partial genes in a few key pathways associated with cancer. Our results suggest that the sample sizes currently used for cancer studies might be inadequate for consistently capturing individual cancer genes, but could be sufficient for finding a number of cancer genes that could represent functionally most cancer genes. The F-Census database provides biologists with a useful tool for browsing and extracting functionally consistent cancer genes from various data sources.
Site‐Specific Differentiation of Neural Stem Cell Regulated by Micropatterned Multicomponent Interfaces (2013)

Stem cell microenvironments are enriched by signals from a variety of components, which cooperate spatially and temporally to regulate cellular function. In vitro recapitulating such complexity in a well-controlled manner is elusive. Here, a platform for patterning multiple bio-active proteins on a single substrate is developed and optimized, and is used it to study the cooperative involvement of cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell signaling in regulating neural stem cell (NSC) function. An affinity-capturing-based multi-step microcontact printing is used to pattern, extracellular matrix proteins, and cell-cell signaling ligands, as intersecting lines on a nonadhesive background. Such design provides spatial segregation of signals from different extrinsic components, while allowing cell traffic between them during their proliferation and differentiation processes. Rat embryonic neural stem cells are cultured and characterized on the multicomponent substrates patterned with different combinations of fibronectin, N-cadherin, and Jagged1 proteins and allow to proliferate and differentiate over long term. It is found that local presentation of Notch signaling ligand (Jagged1) or cell adhesion molecule (N-cadherin) effectively modulate the balance between cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, and significantly change the overall spatial remodeling of NSC differentiation. This platform provides an unambiguous approach to study the spatial and temporal cooperative involvement of different extrinsic components in regulating stem cell behavior. It is also readily expandable for inclusion of extra components and applicable to use with other types of cells, which provide a powerful tool for basic study of cell-material interaction or advanced tissue-interface engineering.
Low-cost WDM transceivers for the LAN (1999)

The HP Labs SpectraLAN/sup TM/ project has pursued two very different approaches to making low-cost WDM LAN transceivers. In the first approach, four VCSELs, at wavelengths of 820, 835, 850, and 865 nm, were used. The four optical signals were combined into a 62.5-/spl mu/m multimode fiber, using a 4-to-1 multimode polymer waveguide combiner. On the receiver side, a multimode polymer waveguide demultiplexer was used to separate the wavelengths, which were then directly coupled to a monolithic GaAs pin photodiode array. Multichannel laser driver and receiver IC's were used, fabricated in silicon bipolar electronics. A second design, using a zigzag waveguide pattern was also successfully demonstrated. In this design, light is incident on a dielectric filter at an angle, with one wavelength being transmitted, and the remaining wavelengths reflected into the next arm of the zigzag.
Chemical cleavage of mismatch: A new look at an established method (1998)

Chemical cleavage of mismatch (CCM), also known as chemical mismatch cleavage (CMC) or the HOT (hydroxylamine/osmium tetroxide) chemical method, has been used for detection of sequence variability with many systems since it was first described. Recently, adaptation to fluorescence-based detection systems has fundamentally changed both the execution and analysis of CCM. This review will outline major advances in the methodology of CCM, from the advent of PCR through fluorescent analysis, and includes applications and modifications of CCM.
Superior heat-resistant and oil-resistant blends based on dynamically vulcanized hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and polyamide 12 (2016)

High-performance thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are the new generation of TPVs that provide superior heat and oil aging behavior. TPVs based on hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and polyamide 12 (PA12) have been first developed by the dynamic vulcanization process, in which selective cross-linking of the elastomer phase during melt mixing with the thermoplastic phase (PA12) was carried out simultaneously. In this present investigation, hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR)/PA12 and partially hydrogenated carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XHNBR)/PA12 with blend ratio of 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 wt% were prepared at 185°C at a rotor speed of 80 rpm for 5 min. Di-(2-tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene was chosen as the suitable cross-linking peroxide to pursue the dynamic vulcanization. TPV based on 50:50 HNBR/PA12 and XHNBR/PA12 show better physico-mechanical properties, rheological behavior, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical analysis, and creep behavior among all the TPVs. Morphology study reveals that dispersed phase morphology has been formed with an average dimension of the rubber particles in the range of 0.8–1.5 µm. For aging test, TPVs were exposed to air and ASTM oil 3, respectively. Air aging tests were carried out in hot air oven for 72 hr at 125°C, while the oil aging tests were carried out after immersion of the samples into the oils in an aging oven. After aging, there is only slight deterioration in the physico-mechanical properties of the TPVs. In case of 50:50 blends of HNBR/PA12 and XHNBR/PA12, the retention of the properties upon after aging was found excellent. These TPVs are designed to find potential application in automotive sector especially for under-hood-application, where high-temperature resistance as well as high oil resistance is of prime importance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bringing the School to the Convalescent Child (1934)

OUR school at the Children's Convalescent Home in Cincinnati, which we consider a very important phase of the house, is operated by the Board of Education during the regular school year. During the Summer months the teachers are paid their salaries by the Home so that we can have school for twelve months instead of nine. The school is made of three types of children-bed patients, wheel-chair patients, and up children. For these three types the school has three objectives: First, to keep the child in a busy, cheerful atmosphere, doing work he knows it is his business to do; second, to find and help the child over the hard spots in his schoolwork; and third, to keep the child with his schoolwork that he may lose no time when he returns to his home school, since no child, sick or well, wants to fall behind in his class. Since modern medicine believes that the physically handicapped child is benefited by occupation which employs his hands as well as his brain, the children are encouraged to find interesting handwork when their assignments are finished. The necessity of having many grades in one classroom throws upon the children the responsibility of taking care of themselves. This situation brings about some cooperation. Charles, an patient, sees that Raymond, a bed patient who wishes to do woodwork, is pushed to the work table and given tools and paints. Charles will also help with the sawing, but Raymond responds by helping with the sand-
Honeycomb structured porous films prepared from carbohydrate based polymers synthesized via the RAFT process (2003)

Carbohydrate based polystyrene was synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The RAFT agents were based on α-D-glucose, β-cyclodextrin and modified cellulose to obtain polystyrene with a polar head or polystyrene with a star or comb structure, respectively. The polymerizations were carried out in different solvents. The molecular weight of the linear polymer was found to develop according to the expected values, but the synthesis of the carbohydrate based polymers was influenced by other parameters. The molecular weight for the star polymer synthesis showed a pronounced deviation due to the reduced accessibility of the RAFT group at higher conversions of the polymerization. Films of these carbohydrate containing polystyrenes were cast from carbon disulfide and dichloromethane producing highly regular honeycomb structured films with pore diameters between 0.5 and 4 µm. The pore size was influenced by the polymers used as well as by the casting conditions.
Hot Water Seperation of Bitumen from Alberta Bituminous Sand (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHot Water Seperation of Bitumen from Alberta Bituminous SandK. A. Clark and D. S. PasternackCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1932, 24, 12, 1410–1416Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50276a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50276a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views683Altmetric-Citations156LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Amyloid-targeted therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease: Use of human albumin in plasma exchange as a novel approach for abeta mobilization (2009)

A clinical investigation program was carried out to replace endogenous albumin of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) with 5% Human Albumin Grifols(R) through a plasma exchange (PE) schedule, in order to alter the dynamic equilibrium between albumin-bound Abeta in plasma and Abeta in cerebrospinal fluid. In a pilot proof-of-concept study, 7 patients underwent 6 PE in 3 weeks and 1 year of follow-up. Plasma Abeta determinations demonstrated a variation pattern in levels in relation with the PEs. Cognitive status scores (MMSE and ADAS-Cog) were more stable than expected. In a phase II clinical trial, 29 patients were randomized into PEtreated and control groups with 1 year follow-up. Interim results point toward the occurrence of Abeta40 mobilization in the PE-treated patients, who scored better in cognitive tests (differences at 9 months: 2.5 in MMSE and 5.5 in ADAS-cog). These results suggest that a PE program with 5% Human Albumin Grifols may have a promising role in the treatment of mild to moderate AD.
Acquisitions and inflation (1995)

The scope of American academic libraries during 1969–1990. Reviews the literature on price increases in library materials. Describes price increases in terms of material types, size and reasons for increases as well as possible solutions. Commercial (especially European) publishers raise prices freely because researchers must publish articles and read journals to succeed. Paper costs, foreign exchange rates, increased numbers of titles and pages, and falling subscription rates are also factors. Possible solutions are to cancel journals, use document delivery and electronic journals. Librarians and researchers should use their influence to control costs.