gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser beam deflection as a probe of laser ablation of materials (1989)

Helium-neon laser beam deflection is used to study excimer laser ablation of polymers and a YBa2 Cu3 O7−x superconductor. Density gradients above pulsed laser heated or ablated samples deflect the He-Ne laser beam and this is measured using a position sensitive detector. The technique permits the determination of the laser fluence threshold for ablation both in a vacuum and in air, and the velocity of the ablation products in a vacuum. A model of the thermal deflection at low fluence was developed which enables measurements of thermal diffusivity of the air.
Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of fermented traditional medicine oyaksungi-san (2017)

As a whole, no acute toxicity or genotoxicity were observed in all the assays examined. Therefore, fermented OY is considered to be a safe material that can be used for development of complementary and alternative medicine using bioconversion.
Study on Aeolian Sand Bearing Capacity Based on California Bearing Ratio in the Northwest of China (2020)

California Bearing Ratio is a kind of method for testing the bearing capacity of the material. Aeolian sand is wildly distributed in north-west of China, such as Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. Different sedimentary history and condition makes the sand have different characteristics. This paper aim to testing different moisture content, mud content and gradation affect the Aeolian sand strength and bearing capacity through California Bearing Ratio method. The result of this experience shows that moisture content and mud content have a significant influence of the Aeolian sand strength and bearing capacity. Before the optimal moisture content, the CBR is increased, after the optimal moisture content, the CBR is decreased. Before the optimal mud content, the CBR is increased, after the optimal mud content, the CBR is also decreased. With the increase of compaction, the result of CBR is increasing. Under the same gradation condition, the CBR becomes smaller and smaller with the increase of mud content. Increasing compaction work, the CBR value also increased.
Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives from <i>N</i>-Sulfinylimino Esters (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTConcise Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives from N-Sulfinylimino EstersFranklin A. Davis and William McCoullView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 10, 3396–3397Publication Date (Web):April 27, 1999Publication History Received18 February 1999Published online27 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990303fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990303frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3023Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Molecular structure,Oligomerization,Reagents,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Ratiometric Analysis of Fluorescence Lifetime for Probing Binding Sites in Albumin with Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Molecular Probes (2007)

A number of diseases have been linked to abnormal conformation of albumin, a major extracellular protein in blood. Current protein structural analysis requires pure isolated samples, thereby limiting their use for albumin analysis in blood. In this study, we report a new approach for high-throughput structure-related analysis of albumin by using the fluorescence lifetime properties of near-infrared (NIR) polymethine dyes. Based on molecular modeling, polymethine dyes are bound to two binding sites with different polarities on albumin. As a result, an NIR molecular probe exhibits two distinct lifetimes with two corresponding fluorescent fractional contributions. The distribution of fractional contributions along with individual fluorescence lifetimes represents unique parameters for characterizing albumin architecture by ratiometric analysis. After screening a small library of NIR polymethine dyes, we identified and used a polymethine dye with optimal fluorescence lifetime properties to assess structure-related differences in commercially available bovine serum albumin as model systems. The results show that changes in the lifetime of NIR dyes reflect the perturbation of the tertiary structures of albumin and that albumin prepared by different methods has slightly altered tertiary structures. Because of the reduced absorption of light by blood in the NIR region, the method developed can be used to determine structural changes in albumin in whole blood without prior isolation of the pure protein.
The Effect of 4-PU on Protoplast Culture of Peppermint(Mentha piperita L.) (1994)

ペパーミン無菌植物体本葉よ弾離れたプロトプラストを既報手法によ殖径2mm程度に育成し, これをNAA0.1mg/lとサイトカイニン類として複数の濃度のBAまたは4-PUを含む再分化培地に移植し, 茎葉再分化率を調査した. その結果, 既報のNAA0.1mg/l, BA1-5mg/lを添加した場合の再分化率に比べ, 4-PUを用いた場合, 明らかに茎葉の再生率が上昇した.
Surface plasmon resonance on a recordable compact disk (2004)

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect on noble metal surfaces has been explored by several investigators for the development of chemical and biological sensors as well as for the design of optical devices for other applications. The effect can be observed using prism couplers, diffraction gratings and specially configured optical fibers. In an attempt to seek for a new configuration that minimizes fabrication costs of the SPR supporting media in conjunction with the design of a new format suitable for large scale chemical and biological sensing, we have investigated the feasibility of a commercially available, gold-type, recordable compact disk (CD-R) for observation of the SPR phenomenon. In this paper we report experimental and theoretical results of this investigation.
BORDERLINE HYPOTHYROIDISM AND DEPRESSION (1995)

This review defines subclinical hypothyroidism and examines its influence on the occurrence and course of major depression. Recommendations are presented for the identification and treatment of patients with coexisting mood disorders and borderline thyroid failure.
Protective activity of two human intravenous immunoglobulin preparations in experimental infection with an encapsulated Staphylococcus aureus strain. (1987)

The protective effect of two different human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use and one specific staphylococcal immunoglobulin for intramuscular application were compared in mice infected with the capsular Staphylococcus aureus Smith strain. Immunovenin is produced by partial fragmentation of IgG with plasmin; it contains about 60% intact IgG and 40% Fab and Fc fragments. Immunovenin-intact is produced by a polyethylene glycol (mol wt 6000) fractionation method followed by ion exchange chromatography and contains more than 95% intact IgG molecules. A specific staphylococcal immunoglobulin is obtained by a rivanol/ethanol fractionation method from selected sera with high anti-alpha toxin level. All three types of immunoglobulins induced similar degree of protection when their effect was determined as activity (ED50) per gram immunoglobulin.
A calibrated lumped-element de-embedding technique for on-wafer RF characterization of high-quality inductors and high-speed transistors (2003)

The impedance errors remaining after conventional de-embedding for a high-speed transistor and a single-loop inductor test structure are investigated. A new de-embedding strategy using a physics-based lumped-element model for the test-structure parasitics calibrated on the frequency-dependent "open" and "short" dummy impedances is described, which reduces the experimental uncertainty on the de-embedded figures of merit. Using this new "calibrated lumped-element" de-embedding technique, we have been able to increase the "worst-case" values for the quality factor Q of a 0.6-nH 10-GHz single-loop inductor from 15 to 20 and for the f/sub max/ of a high-speed SiGe bipolar transistor from 80 to 110 GHz. The de-embedding technique presented here is of great importance to develop confidence in on-wafer S-parameter measurements taken at ever increasing microwave frequencies.
Channeling effects for silicon implantation into large-diameter gallium arsenide substrates (1992)

Previous investigations have reported substrate tilt and azimuthal (twist) orientations for bare, single-crystal gallium arsenide (GaAs) targets that control channeling-induced device parameter nonuniformities in variable scan angle (electrostatically scanned) ion implanters. However, those results were obtained using 2-in. (50.8 mm) and 3-in. (76.2 mm) diam GaAs substrates. Concern remains over whether the orientations reported will adequately control these nonuniformities when GaAs substrates with greater than 3-in.-diam are implanted. In this study implant profile and pinch-off voltage (Vp) dependence on twist orientation angle with a fixed 10° tilt along 150-mm-diam of bare GaAs targets are measured. Shottky capacitance-voltage measurements are employed to examine channeling-induced variations in Vp and electron concentration profiles for 29Si+ implantation at 100 and 60 keV. It is concluded that 10° tilt is not generally adequate to avoid the effects of planar channeling across the full diameter of bare GaAs wafers ≥100 mm. An analysis employing a stereographic projection, combined with data from this investigation, indicates that, in order to obtain optimum control over implant depth profile variations across large diameter (≥100 mm) GaAs wafers implanted with electrostatic scanning, the use of tilt angles ≳10° (perhaps 12°–15°) may be required.
Osteoarthritis of the Knee in the Rabbit Produced by Immobilization::<i>Attempts to Achieve a Reproducible Model for Studies on Pathogenesis and Therapy</i> (1979)

In order to obtain a reproducible experimental model of osteoarthritis a method of immobilizing the rabbit's knee in extension by means of plastic splint was developed. The right knees of the rabbits were immobilized for periods varying from 4 days to 24 weeks. With the left knees as controls the knees were studied in a variety of ways among these being radiography (126 rabbits), histological sections stained with Alcian Blue (88 rabbits), analysis of 35S-sulphate uptake (22 rabbits) and 35S-autoradiography (6 rabbits). In 27 rabbits the regaining of mobility after immobilization was studied. After 5-6 weeks of immobilization most of the knees showed moderate or severe changes including loss of articular cartlilage and osteophyte formation. Immobilization of the rabbit's knee by this method provokes a fairly easily reproducible type of degenerative joint disease showing similarities to advanced osteoarthritis as seen in humans.
Influence of oxygen tension, sulfhydryl compounds, and serum on the motility and virulence of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) in a cell-free system (1978)

The motility and virulence of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) were monitored during incubation in a modified tissue culture medium to study the effects of oxygen tension and medium composition on survival of the organism. A basal medium of Eagle minimal essential medium with 50% fresh, heat-inactivated normal rabbit serum was used inasmuch as better survival occurred with 50% normal rabbit serum than with lower concentrations. Addition of 0.5 to 2.0 mM dithiothreitol or 2.0 mM dithioerythritol to the basal medium led to significantly longer retention of T. pallidum viability in the presence of 3% oxygen than under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The results of this investigation lend support to the classification of T. pallidum as a microaerophilic organism and provide direction for the design of potentially successful culture systems, with or without tissue culture cells.
Formal Synthesis of Salinosporamide A Starting from d-Glucose (2009)

A formal synthesis of salinosporamide A is described. The tertiary alcohol function in salinosporamide A was stereoselectively generated via the substrate control by the reaction of a cyclic ketone derived from d-glucose with Me3Al, and subsequent Overman rearrangement of an allylic trichloroacetimidate effectively constructed the tetrasubstituted carbon with nitrogen. Formation of γ-lactam, followed by the introduction of a cyclohexenyl unit furnished the Corey’s intermediate of salinosporamide A.
Implementing a generalized drag-and-drop in X (1994)

Drag-and-drop operation is a well-recognized and widely applied mechanism in the development of graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Most of current approaches in design and implementation of such a operation are limited to some specific objects (such as icons or drag-and-drop widgets), and are usually complex, system-dependent, and time-consuming. This paper proposes a generalized semantic and protocol for drag-and-drop that makes the draggable and droppable as intrinsic properties of any GUI objects (just like the colors and other appearance of an object) and allows each object to customize its own semantic of drag-and-drop. Therefore, the drag-and-drop feature is integrated as an inherent part of a GUI window system and all details and complexities of its implementation can be hidden from end users. The framework of generalized drag-and-drop could be applied to any GUI system. A prototype implementation in the Xt Athena widget set of X11R5 on a Unix system is reported in the paper.
Low temperature metal induced crystallization of amorphous silicon using a Ni solution (1997)

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) was crystallized by metal-induced crystallization (MIC) using a Ni standard absorption solution. The a-Si films spin-coated with a 5000 ppm Ni solution were crystallized at as low as 500 °C. Needlelike morphology, developed as a result of the migration of NiSi2 precipitates, appears in the MIC poly-Si. The growth of the needlelike crystallites proceeds to a direction parallel to 〈111〉. The a-Si can be fully crystallized at 500 °C for 20 h.
Studies of Configuration. V. The Preparation and Configuration of cis-3-Methoxycyclopentanecarboxylic Acid (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of Configuration. V. The Preparation and Configuration of cis-3-Methoxycyclopentanecarboxylic AcidDonald Noyce and Joan FessendenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 5, 715–717Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online9 July 2003Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01087a616https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01087a616research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alterations in the ultrastructure of peripheral nodes of Ranvier associated with repetitive action potential propagation (1986)

We have studied the structure of the node of Ranvier following physiological activation and electrophysiological monitoring. Our results indicate that some structures within the nodal complex undergo microanatomic alterations concomitant with repetitive impulse propagation. The experiments were designed to determine the nature and extent of the morphologic changes and any associated changes in the compound action potential. Frog dorsal roots were examined by thin-section electron microscopy after having been either implanted, but not stimulated ("0 Hz control"), or orthodromically activated for 15 min at frequencies of 2, 5, 20, or 50 Hz. Roots were either fixed immediately and processed for electron microscopy or were allowed to recover for periods of 15, 30, or 45 min prior to fixation. A change in nodal structure was found that correlates with the different stimulation regimens. Specifically, there was an increase in the size and number of (extracellular) paranodal intramyelinic vacuoles after stimulation at 20 or 50 Hz when compared both to the implanted nonstimulated controls and to fibers stimulated at low frequency (2 or 5 Hz). This morphologic change occurs in the vicinity of the nodal complex without similar alterations in the morphology of the internodal regions or changes in the dimensions of the nodal gap. This form of microanatomic changes is reversible and is not seen if stimulation is halted and the fiber bundle allowed to recover in Ringer's prior to processing for morphologic evaluation. Changes in the compound action potential (CAP) parallel this structural alteration. The CAP is seen to slow and decrease in amplitude through the 15 min stimulation phase and then to regain its velocity and amplitude during the recovery. When TTX was applied to the preparation during stimulation the CAP was abolished and changes in the paranodal structure were not observed. Structure-function relationships indicated by these results are discussed in the context of several dynamic aspects of nodal physiology.
Standardizing flow cytometry: A classification system of fluorescence standards used for flow cytometry (1998)

The growing number of standards commercially available in the field of flow cytometry makes it difficult to know which standards to use to obtain a desired level of quality assurance. A classification system of fluorescence standards has been developed on the basis of their physical characteristics. In turn, these physical characteristics determine the ability of the specific standards to perform selected functions, such as alignment, target referencing, compensation, and calibration. Knowing the properties and limitations of specific standards will help flow cytometer users to select the appropriate standard for the application that they will be performing, especially in regard to intra- and interlaboratory quality assurance. Common protocols used in conjunction with specific classifications of reference standards can provide unified analysis regions or window of analysis across different instruments and/or laboratories. In addition, specific classifications of calibration standards can help select those standards that will provide independent and direct comparison of instrument performance parameters, especially in studies involving multiple laboratories. Knowledge and understanding of the classification system can guide flow cytometer users in more efficient and accurate instrument setup and quality control when conducting research, as well as clinical applications.
Optical SOI micro-gravimeters with bulk PZT excitation (2006)

This paper deals with the development and characterization of a novel mass microsensor with optical output. PZT screen-printed elements, behaving as thickness-mode resonators provide energy to SOI-based micro-resonators. A significant degree of innovation lies in the miniaturization of the system, in the relevant decreasing of operating frequency, in the novel optical sensing strategy based on metal-dielectric (MD) photonic band gap (PBG) structures, and in selective thermal-deposition of polymer which has been predisposed. A signal conditioning architecture based on a closed loop configuration is considered to measure the variation of frequency as a function of the micro-mechanical proof-mass variation. A high benefit is obtained in tracking the resonance condition variations, due to the very high quality factor, which has been experimentally measured. A theoretical sensitivity of 580 (Hz//spl mu/g) have been evaluated for test devices having resonance frequencies less than 10 kHz.
Maize ABI4 Binds Coupling Element1 in Abscisic Acid and Sugar Response Genes (2002)

Significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanism of abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated gene expression, including the characterization of an ABA-responsive element (ABRE), which is regulated by basic domain/Leu zipper transcription factors. In addition to the ABRE, a coupling element (CE1) has been demonstrated to be involved in ABA-induced expression. However, a trans factor that interacts with CE1 has yet to be characterized. We report the isolation of a seed-specific maize ABI4 homolog and demonstrate, using a PCR-based in vitro selection procedure, that the maize ABI4 protein binds to the CE-1 like sequence CACCG. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrate that recombinant ZmABI4 protein binds to the CE1 element in a number of ABA-related genes. ZmABI4 also binds to the promoter of the sugar-responsive ADH1 gene, demonstrating the ability of this protein to regulate both ABA- and sugar-regulated pathways. ZmABI4 complements Arabidopsis ABI4 function, because abi4 mutant plants transformed with the ZmABI4 gene have an ABA- and sugar-sensitive phenotype. Identification of the maize ABI4 ortholog and the demonstration of its binding to a known ABA response element provide a link between ABA-mediated kernel development and the regulation of ABA response genes.
RET oncogene in MEN2, MEN2B, MTC and other forms of thyroid cancer (2008)

Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is caused by specific autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. Genotype-phenotype correlations exist that help predict the presence of other associated endocrine neoplasms as well as the timing of thyroid cancer development. MTC represents a promising model for targeted cancer therapy, as the oncogenic event responsible for initiating malignancy has been well characterized. The RET proto-oncogene has become the target for molecularly designed drug therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting activated RET are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with MTC. This review will provide a brief overview of MTC and the associated RET oncogenic mutations, and will summarize the therapies designed to strategically interfere with the pathologic activation of the RET oncogene.