gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular preload-adjusted maximal power: Clinically useful marker of LV contractility ? (2003)

peer reviewed
Gene expression of group II phospholipase A2 in intestine in ulcerative colitis. (1997)

Metaplastic Paneth cells and colonic epithelial cells synthesise PLA2-II in ulcerative colitis. The activity of the PLA2-II synthesis seems to be related to the degree of inflammation in the diseased bowel.
Effects of sensor type and sensor location on signal quality in bed mounted ballistocardiographic heart rate and respiration monitoring (2015)

Sleeping is a crucial part of our circadian rhythm and the quality of sleep has substantial impact on the quality of life in general and the overall well-being of a person. That is why sleep related physiological measurements have been in the focus of many scientific studies along the years, and why a large number of different measurement methods have been developed for this purpose. The ability to monitor heart rate respiration without any sensors or electrodes being directly attached to the body is extremely useful especially in long-term monitoring and it allows automated daily measurements without any medical staff present. This is the reason why ballistocardiographic force sensors and accelerometers have been introduced alongside electrocardiography (ECG) and thermistors or respiration belts as a means to monitor the heart rate and respiration during sleep. While ECG remains as the most reliable and accurate method for heart rate monitoring, the development of unobtrusive monitoring methods has improved to the point where the commercialization of such sleep monitoring systems has been possible. In this paper, the signals of five sensors and sensor placement combinations for measuring physiological parameters from a sleeping person are evaluated and compared in terms of their measurement sensitivities and waveform quality. The sensors are accelerometer and film type force sensors made of PVDF and EMFi material placed under the mattress topper and PVDF and EMFi sensors placed under the bed posts.
Triple Helical Collagen-Like Peptides: Engineering and Applications in Matrix Biology (2005)

Collagen, a large insoluble protein with a characteristic triple helical structure, is found as the most prominent component of extracellular matrix. The functions of collagen are not limited to providing mechanical strength to various tissues and organs as a structural protein, as it has been pointed out that collagen exhibits various biological functions through specific interactions with other macromolecules. However, the use of native triple helical collagen is often troublesome because of its insolubility and gelating properties. Instead, triple helical collagen-like peptides have been designed and are used as collagen surrogates in studies on collagen structure, stability, and biological functions including binding to other proteins and cultured cells. This article reviews recent progress in peptide design, synthesis, and the applications of collagen-like peptides in current matrix biology, while emphasizing the advantages of the peptide-based strategy.
Chemistry and Biological Activity of Rocaglamide Derivatives and Related Compounds in Aglaia Species (Meliaceae) (2001)

The genus Aglaia is the source of a unique group of natural products featuring a cyclopenta[b]tetrahydrobenzofuran skeleton. Commonly these compounds, which until now include more than 50 naturally occurring derivatives, are named after the parent compound, rocaglamide, which was described for the first time almost twenty years ago. This review highlights the chemical diversity of rocaglamide derivatives and of biogenetically similar compounds from the genus Aglaia and their remarkable biological activity in the fields of insecticides and cytostatic agents. With a few exceptions, all naturally occurring rocaglamide derivatives exhibit striking insecticidal activity against various pest insects. In addition, they display pronounced cytostatic activity against human cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, it was shown recently that rocaglamide and several of its congeners inhibit NF-kB induced gene activation in human T cells and are able to elicit apoptosis in resistant tumor cells. Taken together, these data make rocaglamide derivatives interesting candidates for possible therapeutic agents primarily in the field of cancer chemotherapy. In some Aglaia species, rocaglamide derivatives co-occur with biogenetically similar natural products of the aglain, aglaforbesin or forbaglin type. These latter compounds differ from rocaglamide and its congeners mainly by the nature of their heterocycle. Furthermore, they seem to be devoid of significant biological activity at least in the areas mentioned above, thereby pointing to the cyclopenta[b]tetrahydrobenzofuran core of the rocaglamide skeleton as one essential structural requirement for the pronounced biological activity of the rocaglamides. Keywords: Rocaglamide Derivatives, rocaglaol, aglain Derivatives, Aglaforbesin Derivatives, Forbagline Derivatives, Insecticidal Activity, Antiproliferative Activity
Focal Distribution of Baculovirus IE1 Triggered by Its Binding to the <i>hr</i> DNA Elements (2004)

ABSTRACT In BmN cells infected with the baculovirus Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), IE1, a principal transcriptional activator, localizes to sites of viral DNA replication. IE1 initially displays focal distribution in BmNPV-infected cells prior to DNA synthesis, whereas the protein expressed by transfection with the ie1 gene is distributed throughout the nucleoplasm instead of localized to discrete subnuclear structures. To identify the inducer of focus formation for IE1, we conducted transfection experiments with an IE1-GFP construct and found that cotransfection with genomic DNA fragments bearing the homologous region ( hr ) sequences caused the formation of IE1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) foci. The transfection of insect cells with a single plasmid containing exclusively the hr 3 sequence and the IE1-GFP gene was sufficient to form IE1-GFP foci. These results suggest that hr elements are a primary determinant of the focal distribution of IE1. An analysis of a series of hr 3 deletion mutants showed that a single copy of the direct repeat could induce the formation of IE1 foci. Targeted mutagenesis within the hr -binding domain of IE1-GFP caused impairment of the hr -dependent IE1 localization, suggesting that binding of IE1 to the hr elements is essential for the onset of IE1 focus formation. The observation of BmNPV IE1 foci in non-BmNPV-susceptible cells suggests that no species-specific factors are required for hr -dependent IE1 focus formation.
High performance tantalum carbide metal gate stacks for nMOSFET application (2006)

A systematic study is performed on tantalum carbide (TaC) metal electrode on HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and HfSiON dielectrics using conventional CMOS process. TaC's effective work function (EWF) is estimated to be 4.28 eV on HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> using Vfb~EOT methodology, where both interfacial oxide and high-K film thickness are varied and thus charge effect is corrected successfully. Investigation of the EWF dependence on underlying dielectrics reveals that TaC EWF on HfSiON is about 0.17eV higher than that on HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . This phenomenon cannot be explained by the usual metal induced gap states (MIGS) theory. In addition, mobility higher than 90% of poly/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> reference and EOT scaling down to 12.5A has been achieved. Reduction of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thickness is identified as an effective approach to suppress charge trapping in the gate stack. With reduced thickness, threshold voltage stability and electron mobility are significantly improved. All these results prove that TaC/high-K stack is a promising candidate in nMOSFET application
TC-99m HMPAO Brain Blood Flow Imaging in the Dementias with Histopathologic Correlation in 73 Patients (2010)

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in the diagnosis of the dementias. Tc-99m HMPAO was used with a 3-camera scanner to produce 5 sets of sectional images of the brain. Images were further processed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Diagnosis was made by a physician blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Results in 73 subjects were compared with a neuropathologic study of the brain at autopsy. Data were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy. These results are compared with several other studies performed with Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT with histopathologic correlation. This procedure is widely available and relatively inexpensive and may be of value in patients with dementias and problematic diagnoses. Further, a degree of differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's and Frontotemporal diseases may be effected. The study was approved by our Institutional Review Board.
Free Fatty Acid Receptors and Their Physiological Role in Metabolic Regulation (2011)

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutrient components, but they also function as signaling molecules in various physiological processes. In the progression of genomic analysis, many orphan G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are found. Recently, GPCRs deorphanizing strategy successfully identified multiple receptors for FFAs. In these FFA receptors (FFARs), GPR40 (FFAR1) and GPR120 are activated by medium- to long- chain FFAs. GPR40 is expressed mainly in pancreatic β-cell and mediates insulin secretion, whereas GPR120 is expressed abundantly in the intestine and regulates the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagons-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), it promotes insulin secretion. Due to these biological activity, GPR40 and GPR120 are potential drug target for type 2 diabetes and selective ligands have been developed. In this review, we provide recent development in the field and discuss their physiological roles and their potential as drug targets.
New Device and Method for Soil Shrinkage Curve Measurement and Characterization (1999)

Abstract There is a need for a conceptual and analytical model to describe and interpret the common shrinkage curves of structured soil samples. In this work, we propose a new device for direct shrinkage measurement of unconfined structured soil samples and discuss the relevance of parametric models of the shrinkage curve to fit the experimental data. The experimental procedure consists of simultaneous and continuous measurements of the diameter, height, and weight of an initially saturated soil sample as it dries. The shrinkage measurement can be completed for the full moisture range in a short time (2–3 d), and all shrinkage phases can be established easily and accurately identified. The points of transition between the different shrinkage zones of the shrinkage curve are considered as characteristics of the shrinkage process. They are used as parameters to model the experimental shrinkage curves by linear shrinkage zones separated by curvilinear transition ones. The efficiency of two parametric models to fit the experimental data and to provide the characteristic points of the curve are compared and discussed. A new procedure for fitting the shrinkage curves of structured soil samples and for determining the best position of the characteristic points on the curves is proposed.
Isolation of a ripening and wound‐induced cDNA from <i>Cucumis melo</i> L. encoding a protein with homology to the ethylene‐forming enzyme (1993)

A cDNA clone (pMEL1) was isolated from a climacteric melon fruit cDNA library using the tomato ethylene-forming-enzyme (EFE) cDNA, pTOM13, as a probe. Northern analysis of RNA isolated from wounded leaf and fruit tissue and from preclimacteric and climacteric pericarp tissue was used to determine the pattern of pMEL1 RNA expression. pMEL1 hybridized to a 1.3-kb transcript in climacteric fruit and wounded leaf tissue but was undetectable in preclimacteric fruit and unwounded leaves. Maximal expression of pMEL1 RNA occurred in wounded ripe fruit. pMEL1 contained a 1230-bp insert containing a predicted open reading frame of 318 amino acids and molecular mass of 35.3 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence of pMEL1 was 73-81% identical to the deduced amino acid sequences of tomato (pTOM13) EFE and EFE-related genes isolated from tomato and avocado fruit and senescent carnation petals. Genomic Southern analysis indicated that pMEL1 hybridized to a number of genomic fragments consistent with the presence of more than one pMEL1-related gene in melon. On Western analysis of total protein extracts from ripe tomato and melon fruit, using an antibody raised against tomato EFE (pTOM13) expressed in Escherichia coli, a single 35.5-kDa protein was detected. A 35-kDa product translated from in-vitro transcribed pMEL1 and immunoadsorbed by anti-EFE serum was very similar in size to the predicted 35.3-kDa pMEL1 cDNA protein product. These results indicate that pMEL1 may encode an EFE gene involved in ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening and may be identical to or share extensive sequence similarity with an EFE expressed in response to tissue wounding.
Induction of lyme arthritis in LSH hamsters (1988)

In studies of experimental Lyme disease, a major obstacle has been the unavailability of a suitable animal model. We found that irradiated LSH/Ss Lak hamsters developed arthritis after injection of Borrelia burgdorferi in the hind paws. When nonirradiated hamsters were injected in the hind paws with B. burgdorferi, acute transient synovitis was present. A diffuse neutrophilic infiltrate involved the synovia and periarticular structures. The inflammation was associated with edema, hyperemia, and granulation tissue. Numerous spirochetes were seen in the synovial and subsynovial tissues. The histopathologic changes were enhanced in irradiated hamsters. The onset and duration of the induced swelling were dependent on the dose of radiation and the inoculum of spirochetes. Inoculation of irradiated hamsters with Formalin-killed spirochetes or medium in which B. burgdorferi had grown for 7 days failed to induce swelling. This animal model should prove useful for studies of the immune response to B. burgdorferi and the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis.
T cell receptor stimulation impairs IL-7 receptor signaling by inducing expression of the microRNA <i>miR-17</i> to target Janus kinase 1 (2014)

T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated inhibition of interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling is important for lineage fate determination in the thymus and for T cell survival in the periphery because uninterrupted IL-7 signaling results in T cell death. The initial event in IL-7 signaling is the transactivation of Janus kinases 1 and 3 (Jak1 and Jak3), which are associated with the cytosolic tails of the IL-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) and the γc subunit, the two cell surface proteins that constitute IL-7R. We found that Jak1 is a highly unstable protein with a half-life of only 1.5 hours, so that continuous Jak1 protein synthesis is required to maintain Jak1 protein in sufficient abundance to support IL-7 signaling. However, we also found that Jak1 protein synthesis was acutely reduced by TCR-responsive microRNAs in the miR-17 family, which targeted Jak1 mRNA (messenger RNA) to inhibit its translation. Thus, this study identifies a molecular mechanism by which TCR engagement acutely disrupts IL-7 signaling.
The Influence of Edge Inhomogeneities on Vortex Hysteresis Curves in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2017)

Magnetoresistive sensors using a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) spin valve structure with CoFe and CoFeB free layer (FL) are investigated. Lateral dimension, thickness, and magnetic properties of the circular-shaped FL energetically favor the nucleation of a magnetic vortex. In the vortex configuration, the sensors show the expected hysteresis-free transfer curve. Distinct differences between CoFe and CoFeB in the vortex typical parameters are observed. The experimental results are compared to micromagnetic simulations. Influence of saturation magnetization Ms on the vortex transfer curve is studied in order to reproduce the experimental data. However, only by adjusting M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> iteratively the experimental data cannot be fully reproduced: The vortex annihilation (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">an</sub> ) in CoFeB occurs at smaller fields than simulated. On the other hand, the change in TMR signal at H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">an</sub> is significantly smaller in the experiment for CoFe. Discrepancies are most pronounced at H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">an</sub> . This investigation focuses on the magnetic and electric properties at the edge of the FL structure. Reduction in H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">an</sub> can be explained for 1.1 μm FL diameters by introducing a magnetically disturbed edge. Reduced change in TMR signal at H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">an</sub> can be understood by introducing an electrically inactive edge area. The analysis shows that for CoFe and CoFeB different edge inhomogeneity effects are present or edge inhomogeneities have different impacts.
Activation of the Insulin Receptor by Insulin and a Synthetic Peptide Leads to Divergent Metabolic and Mitogenic Signaling and Responses (2007)

Recently, single chain peptides have been designed that target the insulin receptor and mimic insulin action. The aim of this study is to explore if activation of the insulin receptor with such an optimized peptide (S597) leads to the same activation of signaling pathways and biological endpoints i.e. stimulation of glycogen synthesis and cell proliferation as stimulation with insulin. We find that surface activation of the insulin receptor A-isoform with S597 leads to activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and glycogen synthesis comparable to activation by insulin, even though the level of insulin receptor phosphorylation is lower. In contrast, both Src homology 2/alpha collagen-related (Shc) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2 activation are virtually absent upon stimulation with S597. Cell proliferation is only stimulated slightly by S597, suggesting that it depends on signals from Shc and ERK. The differences in signaling response could explain both the earlier reported differences in gene expression, and the reported differences in cell proliferation and glycogen synthesis induced by insulin and S597. In conclusion, despite binding equipotency, insulin, and S597 initiate different signaling and biological responses through the same insulin receptor isoform. We show for the first time that it is possible to design insulin receptor ligand mimetics with metabolic equipotency but low mitogenicity.
Substructure Finite Element Analysis and Optimal Design for Multi-body Contact System with Roller Bearing (1987)

The multi-body contact problem is analysed by means of the substructure finite element method (SFEM) in the paper. Then the SFEM is used to calculate the roller bearing system which consists of housing, outer ring, rollers, inner ring, and shaft. It is different from other analysis models that the housing and outer rings are two separate bodies in our model and there is a gap between them, so that our model approaches a real bearing system very closely. The agreement between the calculation and the test result shows the SFEM is reliable. The calculation and the test results also show that the gap between housing and outer ring of bearing has important influence on the load distribution. Based on this fact a new idea about the optimal design of housing has been put forward. The structure of a freight train's adapter of bearing is optimized. The optimal results indicate that the load distribution becomes more uniform and the theoretical fatigue life of the bearing can be increased by 1.7 times.
Developing School Connectedness among Diverse Youth through Extracurricular Programming. (2005)

The nomogram based on the multi-centric database showed a good accuracy and could assist the oncologist in determining precisely which HR+/HER2- candidates with 1-2 positive SLNs without ALND could perform genomic tests. In the era of SLNB and precision medicine, the combined application of genomic tests and SLNB could provide patients with a better strategy of dual de-escalation management, including the de-escalation of both surgery and systemic treatment.
Exploitation of a Chemically Non-innocent Acetate Ligand in the Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium Vinylidene Complexes (2009)

Reaction of the ruthenium bis-acetate complex cis-Ru(κ2-OAc)2(PPh3)2 with a range of terminal alkynes HC≡CR (R = Ph, CO2Me, C{OH}Ph2, C{OH}Me2) results in the formation of the vinylidene complexes Ru(κ2-OAc)(κ1-OAc)(═C═CHR)(PPh3)2. The acetate ligands in these species are fluxional and, in the case where R = Ph, are undergoing fast exchange on the NMR time scale even at 195 K. In the case of the hydroxy-substituted complex Ru(κ2-OAc)(κ1-OAc)(═C═CHC{OH}Ph2)(PPh3)2 a hydrogen bond exists between the OH group on the γ-position of the vinylidene and the κ1-OAc ligand. This hydrogen bond inhibits the exchange of the OAc ligands, which now becomes slow on the NMR time scale at 215 K. In addition, and in contrast to the Cl-substituted analogues, elimination of water from the hydroxy vinylidene complex does not readily occur, possibly due to the presence of this hydrogen-bonding interaction. Instead, a slow reaction to form Ru(κ2-OAc)(κ1-OAc)(CO)(PPh3)2 is observed with the concomitant formation of H2C═CPh2. An analogous process with Ru(κ2-OAc)(κ1-OAc)(═C═CHC{OH}Me2)(PPh3)2 affords H2C═CMe2 and Ru(κ2-OAc)(κ1-OAc)(CO)(PPh3)2.
Distinguishing the unexplainable from the merely unusual (2013)

This paper discusses the key role of explanations for applications that discover and detect significant complex rare events. These events are distinguished not necessarily by outliers (i.e., unusual or rare data values), but rather by their inexplicability in terms of appropriate real-world behaviors. Outlier detection techniques are typically part of such applications and may provide useful starting points; however, they are far from sufficient for identifying events of interest and discriminating them from similar but uninteresting events to a degree necessary for operational utility. Other techniques that distinguish anomalies from outliers, and then enable anomalies to be classified as relevant or not to the particular detection problem are also necessary. We argue that explanations are the key to the effectiveness of such complex rare event detection applications, and illustrate this point with examples from several real applications.