gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unusual Microbial Xylanases from Insect Guts (2004)

ABSTRACT Recombinant DNA technologies enable the direct isolation and expression of novel genes from biotopes containing complex consortia of uncultured microorganisms. In this study, genomic libraries were constructed from microbial DNA isolated from insect intestinal tracts from the orders Isoptera (termites) and Lepidoptera (moths). Using a targeted functional assay, these environmental DNA libraries were screened for genes that encode proteins with xylanase activity. Several novel xylanase enzymes with unusual primary sequences and novel domains of unknown function were discovered. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated remarkable distance between the sequences of these enzymes and other known xylanases. Biochemical analysis confirmed that these enzymes are true xylanases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of a variety of substituted β-1,4-linked xylose oligomeric and polymeric substrates and produce unique hydrolysis products. From detailed polyacrylamide carbohydrate electrophoresis analysis of substrate cleavage patterns, the xylan polymer binding sites of these enzymes are proposed.
Plasma FSH, LH and testosterone levels in the male rat during degeneration of the germinal epithelium caused by severe heat treatment or ligation of the vasa efferentia (1978)

Rats were treated by exposure of the scrotum to a temperature of 43 degrees C for 30 min or bilateral ligation of the vasa efferentia and bled at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. In heat-treated rats FSH levels rose linearly from pretreatment levels while those in efferenticectomized animals remained unchanged for 3 days before increasing. In both groups FSH concentrations reached similar maximum values after 7 days and were significantly higher than those of intact controls at 7, 14 and 21 days. LH levels, although not generally different from those in the controls, rose from pretreatment levels in parallel with FSH. No differences were found in testosterone concentrations in any of the groups. Histological examination at 3 weeks after treatment confirmed that the germinal epithelium consisted mainly of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. The cytoolgical appearance and lipid content of the Leydig cells of the aspermatogenic testes were indistinguishable from those of the controls and the weight and histological appearance of the accessory sex organs and the fructose content of the coagulating glands were also normal. It is concluded that the sterilizing effects of heat treatment and efferentiectomy are independent of changes in Leydig cell function and that the increase in gonadotrophin levels is related to the germ cell degeneration.
Pregnancy: Cervical ripening with the cytokines interleukin 8, interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor α in guinea-pigs* (1994)

It has been suggested that the collagenolytic enzymes released from white blood cells which infiltrate the pregnant human uterine cervix at term are responsible for connective tissue changes which take place during the ripening process. Similarly, an infiltration of inflammatory cells occurs in pregnant guinea-pigs either spontaneously at term or at preterm after treatment with the antiprogestin onapristone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and a combination of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha on cervical ripening in guinea-pigs during advanced pregnancy. The cytokines were applied locally (intracervically) in a gel for 2 days and the effects were assessed on the third day by both extensibility measurements and morphological evaluation. IL-8 treatment on days 42 and 43 post coitum (p.c) and on days 48 and 49 p.c. (term: day 67 +/- 3 p.c.) significantly (P < 0.05) increased cervical extensibility at both stages of pregnancy. Although IL-1 beta treatment (days 42 and 43 p.c.) led to a slight increase in cervical extensibility, this effect was not statistically significant. An electron microscope study performed on days 48 and 49 p.c. revealed a pronounced cervical ripening accompanied by the dissolution of collagen fibres, stromal oedema and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in all cytokine-treated groups. The morphological effects of IL-8 and IL-1 beta were indistinguishable from those observed during normal cervical ripening at term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Photophysics of a Series of Efficient Fluorescent pH Probes for Dual‐Emission‐Wavelength Measurements in Aqueous Solutions (2005)

This paper evaluates the 5-aryl-2-pyridyloxazole backbone to engineer donor-acceptor fluorescent pH probes after one- or two-photon absorption. Parent fluorophores, as well as derivatives that can be used to label biomolecules, can be easily obtained in good yields. These molecules exhibit a large one-photon absorption in the near-UV range, and a strong fluorescence emission that covers the whole visible domain. The 5-aryl-2-pyridyloxazole derivatives also possess significant cross sections for two-photon absorption. Upon pyridine protonation, large shifts were observed in the absorption spectra after one- and two-photon excitation, as well as in the emission spectra. This feature was used to measure the pK(a) of the investigated compounds that range between 2 and 8. In most of the investigated derivatives, the pK(a) increased upon light excitation and protonation exchanges took place during the lifetime of the excited state, as shown by phase-modulation fluorometry analysis. Several 5-aryl-2-pyridyloxazole derivatives are suggested as efficient probes to reliably measure the pH of aqueous solutions by means of ratiometric methods that are dependent on fluorescence emission.
Preparing the pinta (1973)

As with most industries who provide a regular and efficient service, the Dairy Industry is taken very much for granted. The appearance early every morning of fresh, clean milk on doorsteps throughout the country is accepted by everyone as part of daily life. Also the great variety of dairy products which have become available in recent years have been enthusiastically welcomed.
Structure, mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase (2008)

PC (pyruvate carboxylase) is a biotin-containing enzyme that catalyses the HCO(3)(-)- and MgATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. This is a very important anaplerotic reaction, replenishing oxaloacetate withdrawn from the tricarboxylic acid cycle for various pivotal biochemical pathways. PC is therefore considered as an enzyme that is crucial for intermediary metabolism, controlling fuel partitioning toward gluconeogenesis or lipogenesis and in insulin secretion. The enzyme was discovered in 1959 and over the last decade there has been much progress in understanding its structure and function. PC from most organisms is a tetrameric protein that is allosterically regulated by acetyl-CoA and aspartate. High-resolution crystal structures of the holoenzyme with various ligands bound have recently been determined, and have revealed details of the binding sites and the relative positions of the biotin carboxylase, carboxyltransferase and biotin carboxyl carrier domains, and also a unique allosteric effector domain. In the presence of the allosteric effector, acetyl-CoA, the biotin moiety transfers the carboxy group between the biotin carboxylase domain active site on one polypeptide chain and the carboxyltransferase active site on the adjacent antiparallel polypeptide chain. In addition, the bona fide role of PC in the non-gluconeogenic tissues has been studied using a combination of classical biochemistry and genetic approaches. The first cloning of the promoter of the PC gene in mammals and subsequent transcriptional studies reveal some key cognate transcription factors regulating tissue-specific expression. The present review summarizes these advances and also offers some prospects in terms of future directions for the study of this important enzyme.
Polythiophene Nanofibril Bundles Surface‐Embedded in Elastomer: A Route to a Highly Stretchable Active Channel Layer (2015)

A stretchable polymer channel layer for organic field-effect transistors is obtained by spin-coating a blend solution of polythiophene and rubber polymer. A network of the polythiophene nanofibril bundles surface-embedded in the rubber matrix allows large stretchability of the polythiophene film layer.
Index for Assessing Pedestrian Safety at Intersections (2006)

The primary objective of this study was to develop an index that would allow engineers, planners, and other practitioners to prioritize intersection crosswalks with respect to pedestrian safety. The study involved collecting data on pedestrian crashes, conflicts, and avoidance maneuvers as well as subjective ratings of intersection video clips by pedestrian professionals. Sixty-eight pedestrian crosswalks were selected for the pedestrian analysis from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; San Jose, California; and Miami–Dade County, Florida. A predictive model, the pedestrian intersection safety index (Ped ISI), was developed primarily on the basis of intersection ratings and avoidance maneuvers. Variables in Ped ISI included the number of through lanes, 85th percentile vehicle speed, type of intersection control (signal or stop sign), main street traffic volume, and area type. Through a user-friendly guide, Ped ISI can be used to identify which crosswalks in a city have the highest priority for pedestrian safety improvements. Specific countermeasures can then be implemented to reduce certain types of hazards. This tool should also be helpful in influencing future intersection design.
Communications - A New Method of Introducing Peroxy Groups into Organic Molecules (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCommunications - A New Method of Introducing Peroxy Groups into Organic MoleculesM. Kharasch and Andrew FonoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 2, 324–325Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online12 May 2003Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01096a624https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01096a624research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Air Pollution, Autophagy, and Skin Aging: Impact of Particulate Matter (PM10) on Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2018)

A World Health Organization (WHO) report from 2016 states that over 3 million people die annually from air pollution, which places air pollution as the world's largest single environmental health risk factor. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the main components of air pollution, and there is increasing evidence that PM exposure exerts negative effects on the human skin. To see the impact of air pollution on skin aging, we analyzed the effect of PM exposure on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and gene analysis. Cultured HDFs were exposed to PM<sub>10</sub> at a concentration of 30 µg/cm² for 24 h, and their gene/protein expression of inflammatory cytokines, fibroblast chemical mediators, and autophagy were assessed. A total of 1977 genes were found to be differentially expressed following PM exposure. We observed a significantly increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-33 in dermal fibroblasts exposed to PM<sub>10</sub>. Protein expression of IL-6 and IL-8 also significantly increased, which complemented our gene analysis results. In addition, there was a significant increase in cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1, CYP1B1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3) mRNA expression, and significant decrease in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, collagen type I alpha chain (COL1A1, COL1A2), and elastin (ELN) mRNA expression in PM-exposed dermal fibroblasts. Protein expression of MMP-1 was significantly increased and that of TGF-β and procollagen profoundly decreased, similar to the gene analysis results. Autophagy, an integrated cellular stress response, was also increased while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis provided evidence of PM internalization in the autolysosomes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PM<sub>10</sub> contributes to skin inflammation and skin aging via impaired collagen synthesis. Increased autophagy in our study suggests a reparative role of autophagy in HDFs stressed with PM, but its biological significance requires further research.
Face recognition using facial symmetry (2012)

Face is the most frequently used biometric trait after fingerprint. Its applicability made it popular in different areas such as Human Robot Interaction (HRI), Security Authentication, and Surveillance to name a few. Face recognition concept is based on two major blocks, training and testing. Usually training is done offline while testing is performed in real time scenario. As the size of the database increases, the recognition rate (time taken by system to recognize) increases. The rate of recognition is directly proportional to the size of the database and the dimension of the images. Human faces have the vertical symmetry; hence we utilized this feature and proposed a half way face recognition approach. Experimental verification on both the full faces and the half faces shows that half faces are also sufficient for recognizing the person. For verifying the efficiency of the approach, we have applied PCA (Principle Component Analysis) on both, the full faces and half faces, and have found that in both the cases, accuracy is almost same. But the recognition rate of half faces is just the half of the full faces.
Impacto del bypass gástrico en pacientes con índice de masa corporal > 35 kg/m2 y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (2019)

Bariatric surgery has demonstrated that, besides producing significant and sustained weight loss, it can in most cases improve glycemic control and even produce diabetes remission in some patients. Objective: To analyze the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) in patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2 and type 2 diabetes operated in the bariatric surgery program of Dr. Miguel Perez Carreno Hospital. Method: The investigation was descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective. The sample consisted of 20 patients attending the bariatric surgery program and underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass between 2011 and 015, with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Results: After 1 year following RYGBP, significant decrease in glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and BMI was observed. Complete remission was observed in 75 % of patients, partial remission in 10 % and metabolic improvement in 15 %. Conclusions: RYGBP is effective in patients with T2DM,  achieving a remission of 75% of treated patients
<i>In vitro</i> assessment of decellularized porcine dermis as a matrix for urinary tract reconstruction (2004)

We developed a simple, reproducible and rigorous regimen for assessing potential biomaterials in vitro. Applying this system might reduce the use of animals and help to identify causes of potential bio-incompatibility. The inability of SM cells to penetrate the Permacol matrix suggests that required matrix-bound signalling factors are absent, possibly as a result of the procedures used for processing Permacol. Identifying the key regulatory factors that regulate SM cell growth and orchestrate regenerative processes in the urinary tract will be important for developing suitable biomaterials for the bladder.
Evaluation of Fracture Characteristics of Random Field with Anisotropic Spatial Correlation (2003)

Soil property varies randomly in a field and there is some correlation between its values at any two points. Especially, in an artificial soil structure like an embankment, it has some anisotropic spatial correlation due to constructive features. In our earlier work, the effect of the standard deviation and the correlation distance of soil permeability on total flow rate in a random field with isotropic spatial correlation has been clarified and spatial spanning of lower or higher permeability that forms "impervious wall" or "flow path" has been reproduced by Percolation theory. This paper attempts to evaluate objectively fracture characteristics of random field with anisotropic spatial correlation by using fractal dimensions. Spatially correlated random fields with anisotropic spatial correlation distance are generated, and fractal dimensions are examined for each of these random fields. As a result, the fractal dimensions are shown to have some close relation to the anisotropic spatial correlation in random fields.
Latent-variable modeling of string transductions with finite-state methods (2008)

String-to-string transduction is a central problem in computational linguistics and natural language processing. It occurs in tasks as diverse as name transliteration, spelling correction, pronunciation modeling and inflectional morphology. We present a conditional loglinear model for string-to-string transduction, which employs overlapping features over latent alignment sequences, and which learns latent classes and latent string pair regions from incomplete training data. We evaluate our approach on morphological tasks and demonstrate that latent variables can dramatically improve results, even when trained on small data sets. On the task of generating morphological forms, we outperform a baseline method reducing the error rate by up to 48%. On a lemmatization task, we reduce the error rates in Wicentowski (2002) by 38--92%.
Real time quantitative diagnostic technique for measuring chemical vapor deposition precursors (2005)

This study proposes an accurate method of monitoring precursor consumption in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) systems. Since precursor costs are significant, finding an efficient method to monitor precursor consumption is necessary. One example is the use of noncontact and inexpensive ultrasonic sensors for determining the liquid level in a container. In this study, sensors based on ultrasonic techniques have been developed for monitoring the precursor consumption in a CVD system. Moreover, the prototype sensors developed in this study can be useful in the field of semiconductors.
Faster Defect Resolution with Higher Technical Quality of Software (2010)

Abstract—We performed an empirical study of the relation between technical quality of software products and the defect resolution performance of their maintainers. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that ratings for source code maintain-ability, as employed by the SIG quality model, are correlated with ratings for defect resolution speed. This study revealed that all but one of the metrics of the SIG quality model show a significant positive correlation. Keywords-Software defects, Defect resolution, Maintainabil-ity, Source code metrics, Rank correlation, Issue tracker mining
Long-term Benefit of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol–Raising Therapy With Bezafibrate (2009)

Our findings suggest that HDL-C level-raising therapy with bezafibrate is associated with long-term mortality reduction that may be related to the degree of HDL-C response to treatment.
Performance improvement of direct detection systems using local and/or long-distance pumped fiber amplifiers (1991)

Abstract Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in eight different system configurations are investigated, using a full-scale model, and the midline placement of the amplifier is shown to be optimal. A distributed amplifier compared to the remote pumping scheme shows no system improvement. Use of a booster (next to the transmitter), a midline remote-pumped amplifier, and a preamplifier (next to the receiver) allows up to 180 km of extra transmission fiber to be added.
Endothelial cell tumor growth is Ape/ref-1 dependent (2015)

Tumor-forming endothelial cells have highly elevated levels of Nox-4 that release H2O2 into the nucleus, which is generally not compatible with cell survival. We sought to identify compensatory mechanisms that enable tumor-forming endothelial cells to survive and proliferate under these conditions. Ape-1/ref-1 (Apex-1) is a multifunctional protein that promotes DNA binding of redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as AP-1, and repairs oxidative DNA damage. A validated mouse endothelial cell (EOMA) tumor model was used to demonstrate that Nox-4-derived H2O2 causes DNA oxidation that induces Apex-1 expression. Apex-1 functions as a chaperone to keep transcription factors in a reduced state. In EOMA cells Apex-1 enables AP-1 binding to the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) promoter and expression of that protein is required for endothelial cell tumor formation. Intraperitoneal injection of the small molecule inhibitor E3330, which specifically targets Apex-1 redox-sensitive functions, resulted in a 50% decrease in tumor volume compared with mice injected with vehicle control (n = 6 per group), indicating that endothelial cell tumor proliferation is dependent on Apex-1 expression. These are the first reported results to establish Nox-4 induction of Apex-1 as a mechanism promoting endothelial cell tumor formation.
1.5 T <i>in vivo</i><sup>31</sup>P NMR spectroscopy of the human liver using a sectorial resonator (1986)

A novel resonator for receiving 31P NMR signals at 1.5 T, which because of its topology has been named a "sectorial resonator," exhibits good radio frequency coupling to the adult human liver. Minimal contamination from nonliver tissue (i.e., muscle) was achieved by the use of depth selective pulses and also because the geometry results in cancellation of signals arising from tissues that are close to the two openings of the structure.
Word sense disambiguation using pairwise alignment (2003)

In this paper, we proposed a new supervised word sense disambiguation (WSD) method based on a pairwise alignment technique, which is used generally to measure a similarity between DNA sequences. The new method obtained 2.8%-14.2% improvements of the accuracy in our experiment for WSD.