gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An intrastrain variation of a 189-bp repeat region in the human cytomegalovirus replication origin. (2007)

A 189-bp repeat has been reported previously to be present in the replication origin (ORI) of Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Towne strain and to contain essential and supporting sequences (Chen et al., Arch. Virol. 141, 13301 (1996)). In this study, clones of HCMV strain Towne were isolated and analyzed for the copy number of the 189-bp repeat within its ORI (oriLyt). Southern blot analysis revealed that out of 14 clones, two contained a dimer, two contained a tetramer, and the remaining contained a trimer of the 189-bp repeat. Nucleotide sequence analysis disclosed that, within the dimer and the tetramer, the 189-bp repeat was present in a directly repeated manner. In this way we demonstrated an HCMV intrastrain variation in the copy number of the 189-bp repeat. Dot blot hybridization and growth curve analysis showed that the clones containing the dimer or the tetramer replicated in infected cells with similar efficiencies. We conclude that the HCMV oriLyt with spatial separation of the essential flanking regions by various copy number of the 189-bp repeat acts as ORI in the viral genome.
Simultaneous map-plotting and localization method for unknown driving environment (2004)

Localization is a key issue for automatic navigation of autonomous vehicles. In this article, a simultaneous map-plotting and localization method for an autonomous vehicle is proposed. We use a laser detection and ranging sensor to detect the operating environment. An environment map is plot out using the sensor output data. Then, with an odometer, the vehicle position is located on this map. Finally, the two sensor outputs are merged using a Kalman filter to correct the map as well as the vehicle position.
Principles of Physical Optics (2007)

1. The Physics of Waves 2. Electromagnetic Waves and Photons 3. Reflection And Refraction 4. Geometric Optics 5.Superposition and Interference 6. Diffraction 7. Lasers 8. Optical Imaging 9. Polarization and Nonlinear Optics
Increased cerebral uptake and oxidation of exogenous βHB improves ATP following traumatic brain injury in adult rats (2004)

There is growing evidence of the brain's ability to increase its reliance on alternative metabolic substrates under conditions of energy stress such as starvation, hypoxia and ischemia. We hypothesized that following traumatic brain injury (TBI), which results in immediate changes in energy metabolism, the adult brain increases uptake and oxidation of the alternative substrate beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB). Arterio-venous differences were used to determine global cerebral uptake of betaHB and production of 14CO2 from [14C]3-betaHB 3 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Quantitative bioluminescence was used to assess regional changes in ATP concentration. As expected, adult sham and CCI animals with only endogenously available betaHB showed no significant increase in cerebral uptake of betaHB or 14CO2 production. Increasing arterial betaHB concentrations 2.9-fold with 3 h of betaHB infusion failed to increase cerebral uptake of betaHB or 14CO2 production in adult sham animals. Only CCI animals that received a 3-h betaHB infusion showed an 8.5-fold increase in cerebral uptake of betaHB and greater than 10.7-fold increase in 14CO2 production relative to sham betaHB-infused animals. The TBI-induced 20% decrease in ipsilateral cortical ATP concentration was alleviated by 3 h of betaHB infusion beginning immediately after CCI injury.
Transoral Approach to Cervical Vertebroplasty for Multiple Myeloma (2000)

Transoral Approach to Cervical Vertebroplasty for Multiple MyelomaFrank C. Tong1, Harry J. Cloft1 2, Gregory J. Joseph1 2, Gerald R. Rodts2 and Jacques E. Dion1 2Audio Available | Share
An Ultra High Speed - Large Safe Operating Area Switching Power Transistor with New Fine Emitter Structure (1983)

The switching power supply conversion frequency has been raised annually as switching power supplies have become more compact and light. To realize high frequency power supply, circuit component frequency must also be raised and switching transistors are required to have a high-speed switching and large safe operating area. Previously, a high-speed switch was assumed to be incompatible with a large safe operating area. Scattering (S) parameters have been used to realize that this contradictory relationship can be solved by lowering base resistance. Switching transistors which have ultrahigh voltage (1200 V), high speed switching characteristics (rise time tr=200 ns, storage time tstg=2500 ns, fall time tf=70 ns), and a large safe operating area (secondary breakdown current Isb=8A, collector-emitter clamped voltage (V CEX (clamp) = 900 V) have been developed by using a newly devised fine emitter structure and the SiO 2 planar structure.
Fast minimization of mixed-polarity AND/XOR canonical networks (2003)

A quasi-minimal algorithm for canonical restricted mixed polarity (CRMP) AND/XOR forms is presented. These forms, which include the consistent and inconsistent generalized Reed-Muller (GRM) forms, are both very easily testable and, on average, have smaller numbers of terms than sum-of-product (SOP) expressions. The set of test vectors for detecting stuck-at and bridging faults of a function realized in CRMP forms, like that of consistent (GRM) forms, is independent of the function. This test can be of order (n+4)r, where n is the number of variables in the function and r is the number of component consistent GRMs in the CRMP. The experimental results confirm the compactness of CRMPs as compared to SOP expressions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low complexity frequency offset estimation in the presence of DC offset (2004)

This paper describes how to perform low complexity frequency offset estimation in the presence of direct current (DC) offset based on a received periodic preamble. By designing a suitable preamble, we perform frequency and DC offsets estimation concurrently, followed by a simple compensator which reduces the frequency offset error induced by the presence of either a residual or actual DC offset. Its performance is illustrated based on the preamble of a wireless LAN system defined in IEEE 802.11a, as well as another preamble design that offers additional performance gain. Compared to the case when no compensator is used, the proposed solution gives superior performance over a wide range of DC offset power in both AWGN and multipath quasi-static channels.
A Clinical Electrogoniometry System (1982)

To answer a clinical need, a simple goniometry system for the measurement of the lower limb joints has been devised. By means of a low-cost microprocessor the results are provided in printout, in a clinically useful form.
Flow Rate Measurements Using Flow-Induced Pipe Vibration (2004)

This paper investigates the possibility of developing a nonintrusive, low-cost, flow-rate measurement technique. The technique is based on signal noise from an accelerometer attached to the surface of the pipe. The signal noise is defined as the standard deviation of the frequency-averaged time-series signal. Experimental results are presented that indicate a nearly quadratic relationship over the test region between the signal noise and flow rate in the pipe. It is also shown that the signal noise–flow rate relationship is dependent on the pipe material and diameter.
Viedma ripening: a reliable crystallisation method to reach single chirality (2015)

Crystallisation processes have evolved to practical methods that allow isolation of an enantiopure product in high yield. Viedma ripening in particular enables access to enantiopure products in a reliable way, simply through grinding of crystals in a solution. This tutorial review covers the basic principles behind asymmetric crystallisation processes, with an emphasis on Viedma ripening, and shows that to date many novel organic molecules can be obtained in enantiopure solid form.
Single-cell imaging of CAR T cell activity in vivo reveals extensive functional and anatomical heterogeneity (2019)

CAR T cells represent a potentially curative strategy for B cell malignancies. However, the outcome and dynamics of CAR T cell interactions in distinct anatomical sites are poorly understood. Using intravital imaging, we tracked interactions established by anti-CD19 CAR T cells in B cell lymphoma-bearing mice. Circulating targets trapped CAR T cells in the lungs, reducing their access to lymphoid organs. In the bone marrow, tumor apoptosis was largely due to CAR T cells that engaged, killed, and detached from their targets within 25 min. Notably, not all CAR T cell contacts elicited calcium signaling or killing while interacting with tumors, uncovering extensive functional heterogeneity. Mathematical modeling revealed that direct killing was sufficient for tumor regression. Finally, antigen-loss variants emerged in the bone marrow, but not in lymph nodes, where CAR T cell cytotoxic activity was reduced. Our results identify a previously unappreciated level of diversity in the outcomes of CAR T cell interactions in vivo, with important clinical implications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 5‐Bromo‐3‐arylthiosemicarbazono‐2‐indolinones as Antimicrobial Agents. (1986)

Abstract Condensation of the isatins (I) and the m‐substituted arylthiosemicarbazides (II) yields the title compounds (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
Alternative lengthening of telomeres in normal mammalian somatic cells (2013)

Some cancers use alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), a mechanism whereby new telomeric DNA is synthesized from a DNA template. To determine whether normal mammalian tissues have ALT activity, we generated a mouse strain containing a DNA tag in a single telomere. We found that the tagged telomere was copied by other telomeres in somatic tissues but not the germline. The tagged telomere was also copied by other telomeres when introgressed into CAST/EiJ mice, which have telomeres more similar in length to those of humans. We conclude that ALT activity occurs in normal mouse somatic tissues.
Metal-insulator transition in SrTiO3 induced by field effect (2007)

We have induced a metal-insulator transition in nondoped SrTiO3 by an electric field. The sheet carrier concentration of a SrTiO3 single-crystal surface was increased by electrostatic doping to 3.4×1012cm−2. A crossover from an insulating phase to a metallic state was clearly observed. The conduction mechanism in the insulating phase was explained in terms of thermal carrier excitation. By applying a gate field, the activation energy of the thermally excited carriers was reduced, eventually reaching zero at a critical gate field and thus converting the transistor channel to a metallic state. The sheet resistance was found to scale with temperature in both insulating and metallic states.
Chemistry and Biology of the S‐100 Protein (1982)

The S-100 protein is specific for the nervous system and, being present in all vertebrates, shows a high degree of stability of structure during evolution. In adult animals it is primarily localized to glial elements, although there is some evidence that a small proportion may be present in neuronal nuclei or their plasma membranes. During development it is synthesized rapidly at a relatively late period of differentiation of the nervous system. In glioma cell cultures there is a control mechanism that seems to involve some kind of signal at the external surface of the plasma membrane, possibly specific cell-cell contact, to stimulate S-100 synthesis. All of these biological properties of S-100 suggest that it is connected with some specific essential function that is common to the nervous system of all vertebrates. Several chemical properties of S-100 provide clues to this function. It is an unusually acidic and soluble protein and, in the absence of Ca2+, has no detectable hydrophobic regions accessible to solvent. It is capable of specifically binding Ca2+, a process that causes S-100 to undergo a conformational change that exposes a hydrophobic region to the solvent and stimulates binding of S-100 to membranes. The conformational change and the membrane-binding properties are reversible when Ca2+ is removed and are antagonized by monovalent cations such as K+ and Na+. These chemical properties suggest that S-100 may, as part of its function in the nervous system, be bound to some hydrophobic site, possibly a membrane, and that the extent of this binding is regulated by concentrations of Ca2+, K+ and Na+. If this is true, then it is important, as the next step in working out its function, to discover the exact site where S-100 binds in the nervous system.
Monitoring Enzymatic Debittering in Grapefruit Juice by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (2020)

An HPLC method was developed for monitoring the progress of enzymatic debittering and estimating the efficiency of debitter enzymes by means of simultaneously determining the levels of the bitter flavanone naringin, its hydrolytic intermediate prunin and the tasteless product naringenin in grapefruit juice. The sample preparation was carried out by a polarity modification with anhydrous ethanol, a centrifuge step and a 0.45 μm filtration. Separation was achieved using a reverse phase C-18 column with a mobile phase comprising 30 % acetonitrile. The average recovery rates were above 88 % and the quantitative linearity ranged from 20 - 500 μg/mL for the flavanones analyzed. The conversions of naringin to prunin by α-L-rhamnosidase and prunin to naringenin by β-D-glucosidase in grapefruit juice were monitored, and the efficiency of the individual enzyme was separately evaluated. Applicability of this method in juice processing is also discussed.
Management of gallstones and their complications. (2000)

The accurate differentiation of gallstone-induced biliary colic from other abdominal disease processes is the most crucial step in the successful management of gallstone disease. Despite the availability of many imaging techniques to demonstrate the presence of gallstones, clinical judgment ultimately determines the association of symptoms with cholelithiasis and its complications. Adult patients with silent or incidental gallstones should be observed and managed expectantly, with few exceptions. In symptomatic patients, the intervention varies with the type of gallstone-induced complication. In this article, we review the salient clinical features, diagnostic tests and therapeutic options employed in the management of gallstones and their complications.
Investigation of central versus peripheral effects of estradiol in ovariectomized mice (2005)

It is generally believed that estrogens exert their bone sparing effects directly on the cells within the bone compartment. The aim of the present study was to investigate if central mechanisms might be involved in the bone sparing effect of estrogens. The dose-response of central (i.c.v) 17beta-estradiol (E2) administration was compared with that of peripheral (s.c.) administration in ovariectomized (ovx) mice. The dose-response curves for central and peripheral E2 administration did not differ for any of the studied estrogen-responsive tissues, indicating that these effects were mainly peripheral. In addition, ovx mice were treated with E2 and/or the peripheral estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. ICI 182,780 attenuated most of the estrogenic response regarding uterus weight, retroperitoneal fat weight, cortical BMC and trabecular bone mineral content (P<0.05). These findings support the notion that the primary target tissue that mediates the effect of E2 on bone is peripheral and not central.
On signalling over Through-Silicon Via (TSV) interconnects in 3-D Integrated Circuits (2010)

This paper discusses signal integrity (SI) issues and signalling techniques for Through Silicon Via (TSV) interconnects in 3-D Integrated Circuits (ICs). Field-solver extracted parasitics of TSVs have been employed in Spice simulations to investigate the effect of each parasitic component on performance metrics such as delay and crosstalk and identify a reduced-order electrical model that captures all relevant effects. We show that in dense TSV structures voltage-mode (VM) signalling does not lend itself to achieving high data-rates, and that current-mode (CM) signalling is more effective for high throughput signalling as well as jitter reduction. Data rates, energy consumption and coupled noise for the different signalling modes are extracted.
The seed of <i>Medicago</i> species (burr clover) as a supplement to a low protein roughage diet for Merino sheep (1964)

Seeds of the annual species of Medicago were shown to be a valuable supplement for Merino sheep fed on a basal diet of low-protein cereal straw.The number of survivors, the change in body weight, and the quantity of roughage eaten by sheep given a supplement of Medicago seed, were similar to the results obtained with sheep given an equal quantity of linseed meal.
Regulation of Betacyanin Efflux from Beet Root by Poly-L-Lysine, Ca-Ion and Other Substances (1966)

Poly-l-lysine, poly-alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid and basic proteins cause efflux of betacyanin from beet root tissues to varying degrees. Membrane activities fall in the order: polylysine > poly-alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid > polyarginine (protamine), suggesting the importance of steric factors in side-chain to backbone relations. It was also observed that homopolymer activity > heteropolymer activity, using ribonuclease and lysozyme as examples of the latter. Among polylysines, there appears to be an optimal chain length at a molecular weight equal to 50,000. Lowered activity of larger polymers is interpreted in terms of a diffusion barrier, the cell wall.Polylysine and Ca(++) exhibit competitive kinetics, and Ca(++) otherwise is far more active than other cations. It is assumed that polylysine displaces Ca(++) from anionic centers on the membrane, but cannot confer equivalent dimensional stability, rendering the membrane leaky. The possible role of cationic shielding in ionic stabilization of the membrane was also considered. The order of divalent ion activity against polylysine was Ca(++) > Sr(++) > Mg(++), suggesting again a specific size-fit relationship.
Evaluation of Hydrogen Peroxide Chemical Quenching Agents following an Advanced Oxidation Process (2013)

Free chlorine, bovine catalase, sulfite, and thiosulfate were examined as methods for quenching residual hydrogen peroxide after advanced oxidation treatment of water for subsequent laboratory analysis. The challenges and advantages of each method are presented to help inform researchers and practitioners. Quenching hydrogen peroxide with free chlorine is determined to be a better alternative for disinfection byproduct testing, while bovine catalase is a preferred quenching agent for toxicity testing and mass spectrometry analysis.
Characterization of a novel phenazine antibiotic gene cluster in <i>Erwinia herbicola</i> Eh1087 (2002)

Erwinia herbicola strain Eh1087 produces the broad-spectrum phenazine antibiotic D-alanylgriseoluteic acid (AGA). In this report, a cluster of 16 ehp (Erwinia herbicola phenazine) plasmid genes required for the production of AGA by Eh1087 is described. The extent of the gene cluster was revealed by the isolation of 82 different Eh1087 AGA- mutants, all found to possess single mini-Tn5lacZ2 insertions within a 14 kbp DNA region. Additional transposon insertions that did not affect antibiotic production by Eh1087 were created to define the boundaries of the gene cluster. The size and location of genes between these boundaries were derived from a combination of DNA sequence analyses, minicell protein analyses and the correlation between mutation position and the production of coloured AGA intermediates by many ehp mutants. Precursor-feeding and complementation experiments resulted in 15 ehp genes being assigned to one of four functional groups according to their role in the synthesis of AGA. Group 1 is required for the synthesis of the phenazine nucleus in the form of antibiotic precursor one (AP1, phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid). Group 2 is responsible for conversion of AP1 to AP2, which is subsequently modified to AP3 (griseoluteic acid) and exported by the group 3 gene products. Group 4 catalyses the addition of D-alanine to AP3 to create AGA, independently of groups 1, 2 and 3. A gene that is divergently transcribed from the 15 AGA synthesis ehp genes confers resistance to AGA.
A novel multilevel coherent optical system: 4-quadrature signaling (1991)

A novel multilevel coherent optical system is proposed. It is based on the exploitation of the property that the electromagnetic field propagating in a single-mode optical fiber can be represented by a four-dimensional vector whose components are the phase and quadrature terms of the two polarization components of the electrical field. This allows a wider use of the resources of the electromagnetic field for information transmission in order to obtain a spectrally efficient modulation format with a limited end. The net performance gain with respect to multilevel amplitude and phase modulation (N-APK) and N-PSK increases with an increase in the number of levels N. For instance, for N=32 the gain is 1.6 and 7.7 dB with respect to N-APK and N-PSK systems. The effect of laser phase noise on the system performance is evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Open channel block of NMDA receptors by conformationally restricted analogs of milnacipran and their protective effect against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity (1999)

We investigated the blocking effect of the conformationally restricted analogs of milnacipran on NMDA receptors by recording the whole-cell currents of Xenopus oocytes injected with rat brain mRNA and the single channel currents of cultured hippocampal neurons under voltage-clamp conditions. Their protective effect against excitotoxicity was also investigated on cultured cortex neurons. All conformationally restricted analogs examined blocked activated NMDA receptors, though their structures were quite different from known NMDA receptor blockers. The analogs with a (1S, 2R, 1'S)-configuration such as PPDC ((1S, 2R)-1-phenyl-2[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide+ ++) had lower IC50 values than those with other configurations. The empirical Hill coefficients for each compound were close to unity, indicating a 1:1 stoichiometry for the block. PPDC decreased the maximum responses to both N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) and glycine without altering their dissociation constants. The blocking effect was enhanced on hyperpolarization. PPDC had no effects on other glutamate receptor subtypes (AMPA, kainate, and metabotropic glutamate receptors) or other neurotransmitter receptors (GABA(A), 5HT2C, and AChM1 receptors) produced by the oocytes. PPDC decreased the mean open time of NMDA receptors without decreasing their elementary conductance. The microscopic blocking rate constant was 2.8x10(7) M(-1)s(-1). The macroscopic unblocking rate constant of PPDC was much faster than that of MK-801. Only the analogs with the (1S, 2R, 1'S)-configuration protected the cultures against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity, though they failed to protect against kainate-induced neurotoxicity. These results show that conformationally restricted analogs, at least PPDC, selectively blocked open channels of NMDA receptors.
The preparation of single crystal LaB<sub>6</sub>cathodes for electron microscopes (1975)

Experimental techniques are presented for (i) a very simple zone melting technique employing a floating zone maintained by an arc which allows preparation of high purity single crystal cathodes, and (ii) a grinding device which allows the LaB6 tips to be ground to a radius of curvature of less than 3 mu m using a metallurgical polishing wheel.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Iodides via ICI‐Induced Intramolecular Cyclization. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.