gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous BiCMOS technologies and circuits and the DARPA Diverse Accessible Heterogeneous Integration (DAHI) program (2012)

The DARPA Diverse Accessible Heterogeneous Integration (DAHI) program is developing transistor-scale heterogeneous integration processes to intimately combine advanced compound semiconductor (CS) devices, as well as other emerging materials and devices, with high-density silicon CMOS technology. This technology is currently enabling BiCMOS RF/mixed signal circuits with revolutionary performance. For example, InP HBT + CMOS technology is being utilized in advanced DACs and ADCs with CMOS-enabled calibration and self-healing techniques for correcting static and dynamic errors in situ. Such CMOS-enabled self-healing techniques will more generally enable improved CS-based circuit performance and yield in the presence of process and environmental variability, as well as aging. DAHI is also expected to enable the integration of high power CS devices with silicon-based linearization techniques to realize highly power efficient transmitters. By enabling this heterogeneous integration capability, DAHI seeks to establish a new paradigm for microsystems designers to utilize a diverse array of materials and device technologies on a common silicon-based platform.
Electrical transport in the copper germanide-n-GaN system: Experiment and numerical model (2007)

Ultraviolet photoemission measurements of the copper germanide work function and numerical modeling of measured current-voltage data show that the Fermi level at the interface of Cu–Ge films on non-plasma-treated n-GaN cleaned by wet chemicals is pinned near 0.5eV below the conduction band edge, and that 300°C annealing lessens this pinning. Annealing Schottky diode structures at 400–600°C decreases the Cu–Ge∕n-GaN Schottky barrier height and increases electron tunneling through the barrier. Leakage currents are not dominated by edge effects, and are independent of measurement temperature, collectively indicating a tunneling transport mechanism for non-plasma-treated Schottky diodes. A plasma treatment of the GaN surface induces ∼0.5eV of downward near-surface band bending and increases surface oxidation, and these effects are responsible for low-resistance Ohmic behavior. Increased surface doping associated with plasma-treated material, when compared with non-plasma-treated n-GaN, causes greater tunneling due to a thinned depletion layer and reduces the Schottky barrier height through image-force barrier lowering and band gap narrowing. The combination of these two effects causes the I-V behavior of these Cu–Ge contacts to shift from rectifying to Ohmic.
Nasopharyngeal Epstein-Barr Virus Load: An Efficient Supplementary Method for Population-Based Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Screening (2015)

Serological detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies is frequently used in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) mass screening. However, the large number of seropositive subjects who require close follow-up is still a big burden. The present study aimed to detect the nasopharyngeal EBV load in a high-risk population seropositive for antibodies against EBV, as well as to examine whether assay for nasopharyngeal EBV DNA load might reduce the number of high-risk subjects for follow-up and improve early detection of NPC. A prospective and population-based cohort study was conducted in southern China from 2006 through 2013. Among 22,186 participants, 1045 subjects with serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against viral capsid antigen (VCA) titers ≥ 1:5 were defined as high-risk group, and were then followed-up for NPC occurrence. Qualified nasopharyngeal swab specimens were available from 905 participants and used for quantitative PCR assay. Our study revealed that 89% (802/905) subjects showed positive EBV DNA in nasopharyngeal swab. The nasopharyngeal EBV load in females was higher than that in males. The nasopharyngeal EBV load increased with increasing serum VCA/IgA titers. Eight cases of newly diagnosed NPC showed an extremely elevated EBV load, and 87.5% (7 of 8 patients) were early-stage NPCs. The EBV loads of 8 NPCs were significantly higher than those of 897 NPC-free subjects (mean, 2.8 × 10(6) copies/swab [range 4.8 × 10(4)-1.1 × 10(8)] vs. 5.6 × 10(3) [range 0-3.8 × 10(6)]). Using mean EBV load in NPC-free population plus two standard deviations as cut-off value, a higher diagnostic performance was obtained for EBV load test than serum VCA/IgA test (area under ROC, 0.980 vs 0.895). In conclusion, in a prospective and population-based study we demonstrated that an additional assay of EBV load in the nasopharynx among high-risk individuals may reduce the number of subjects needed to be closely followed up and could serve as part of a NPC screening program in high-risk populations.
Molecular beam epitaxy of N-polar InGaN (2010)

We report on the growth of N-polar InxGa1−xN by N2 plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Ga-polar and N-polar InGaN films were grown at different growth temperatures and the composition was estimated by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. A growth model that incorporates the incoming and desorbing atomic fluxes is proposed to explain the compositional dependence of InGaN on the flux of incoming atomic species and growth temperature. The growth model is found to be in agreement with the experimental data. The peak PL intensity for N-face samples is found to exhibit a two order of magnitude increase for a 100 °C increase in growth temperature. Besides, at 600 nm, the N-face sample shows more than 100 times higher PL intensity than Ga-face sample at comparable wavelengths indicating its superior optical quality. The understanding of growth kinetics of InGaN presented here will guide the growth of N-polar InGaN in a wide range of growth temperatures.
Identification of a novel two-peptide lantibiotic, Haloduracin, produced by the alkaliphile<i>Bacillus halodurans</i>C-125 (2006)

Complete genome sequencing of the alkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus halodurans C-125 revealed the presence of several genes homologous to those involved in the production of lantibiotic peptides. Additional bioinformatic analysis identified a total of eleven genes, spanning a 15 kbp region, potentially involved in the production, modification, immunity and transport of a two-peptide lantibiotic. Having established that strain C-125 exhibited antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria, it was demonstrated through peptide purification, MS and site-directed mutagenesis that this activity was indeed attributable to the production of a lantibiotic encoded by these genes. This antimicrobial has been designated haloduracin and represents the first occasion wherein production of two-peptide lantibiotic has been associated with a Bacillus sp. It is also the first example of a lantibiotic of any kind to be produced by an alkaliphilic species.
Topik und Politik (1998)

„Denn wie der Staatsmann bei uns ein Ruhmwort, so ist der Rhetor und so ist die Rhetorik bei uns ein Schimpfwort.“9 Diese knappen Worte Dolf Sternbergers offenbaren unser zeitgenössisches deutsches Verständnis politischer Rhetorik. Deutschland — ob Bundesrepublik oder DDR, ob geteilt oder vereinigt — findet in der Nachkriegszeit zu keinem produktiven Verhältnis von Rhetorik und Politik. Die Beziehung von Sprache und Politik im Deutschland des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts ist ohne Zweifel gestört: Viele gerade namhafte Schriftsteller haben es sich zu ihrer Aufgabe gemacht, Politik, Politiker und politische Sprache abzuqualifizieren. Die Politik wiederum hat dem nichts entgegenzusetzen als Distanz zum Kulturbetrieb.10 Sprache und Politik stehen in einem „rechte(n) Unverhältnis“11. Anders in den USA: John Franklin Carter faßt das rhetorische Politikverständnis in einem Satz zusammen: „The basic tool of political persuasion is the spoken word.“12 Auch Englands Geschichte zeigt immer wieder, in welch produktivem Verhaltnis Politik und öffentliche Redekompetenz zueinander stehen können.13 Dolf Sternberger charakterisiert dagegen die Gespaltenheit der Deutschen am Beispiel von Heuss und Adenauer: der eine — Heuss — sei nach Amt und Wesen zum Reden bestimmt, der andere — Adenauer — „mit einer sonderbaren Ausschlißlichkeit zum Handeln”.14
Venation Skeleton‐Based Modeling Plant Leaf Wilting (2009)

A venation skeleton‐driven method for modeling and animating plant leaf wilting is presented. The proposed method includes five principal processes. Firstly, a three‐dimensional leaf skeleton is constructed from a leaf image, and the leaf skeleton is further used to generate a detailed mesh for the leaf surface. Then a venation skeleton is generated interactively from the leaf skeleton. Each vein in the venation skeleton consists of a segmented vertices string. Thirdly, each vertex in the leaf mesh is banded to the nearest vertex in the venation skeleton. We then deform the venation skeleton by controlling the movement of each vertex in the venation skeleton by rotating it around a fixed vector. Finally, the leaf mesh is mapped to the deformed venation skeleton, as such the deformation of the mesh follows the deformation of the venation skeleton. The proposed techniques have been applied to simulate plant leaf surface deformation resulted from biological responses of plant wilting.
A Triangle-Fan-based approach for low complexity 3D mesh compression (2009)

This paper proposes a novel approach for mono-resolution 3D mesh compression, called TFAN (Triangle Fan-based compression). TFAN treats in a unified manner meshes of arbitrary topologies, i.e. manifold or not, oriented or not, while supporting real-time decoding. The proposed approach has been evaluated on both manifold and non-manifold databases, including more than 7000 3D mesh models. Experiments show that the TFAN approach outperforms existing techniques such as MPEG-4 3DMC or Tourna & Gotsman, with decoding times lower by an order of magnitude at equivalent or even better levels of compression efficiency (+/-10% in bitrate). When applied to non-manifold 3D data, the compression performances are significantly enhanced (6% to 30% gain in bitrate). Due to its high compression performances TFAN has been recently retained for ISO MPEG-4 standardization.
Immobilization of molecular catalysts in supported ionic liquid phases (2010)

In a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst system, an ionic liquid (IL) film is immobilized on a high-surface area porous solid and a homogeneous catalyst is dissolved in this supported IL layer, thereby combining the attractive features of homogeneous catalysts with the benefits of heterogeneous catalysts. In this review reliable strategies for the immobilization of molecular catalysts in SILPs are surveyed. In the first part, general aspects concerning the application of SILP catalysts are presented, focusing on the type of catalyst, support, ionic liquid and reaction conditions. Secondly, organic reactions in which SILP technology is applied to improve the performance of homogeneous transition-metal catalysts are presented: hydroformylation, metathesis reactions, carbonylation, hydrogenation, hydroamination, coupling reactions and asymmetric reactions.
MIMO systems: optimizing the use of eigenmodes (2004)

Multiple parallel orthogonal transmission links may be found from a MIMO system using the eigenvectors derived from the SVD of the channel matrix. These transmission links are called eigenmodes. For (M/sub t/, N/sub r/) = (8, 4) and (M/sub t/, N/sub r/) = (4, 2) MIMO systems, the SER performance of all the available eigenmodes have been determined for Rayleigh and Ricean fading channels. Adaptive modulation has been performed on eigenmodes to extract the highest possible throughput (capacity) and at the same time all the functional modes satisfying a required SER. By spatially multiplexing on selected eigenmodes, there will he flexibilities in fulfilling the spectral efficiency and SER system requirements.
Copolymerization of methacrylic acid with methyl methacrylate by SET‐LRP (2010)

Abstract Single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) has developed as a reliable, robust and straight forward method for the construction well‐defined polymers. To span an even larger variety of functional monomers, we investigated the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with methacrylic acid by SET‐LRP. Copolymerizations were catalyzed by Cu(0)/Me 6 ‐TREN and performed in MeOH/H 2 O mixtures at 50 °C. The SET‐LRP copolymerizations of varying methacrylic acid content were evaluated by kinetic experiments. At low (2.5%) and moderate (10%) MAA loadings, the copolymerizations obeyed perfect first order kinetics ( k p app = 0.008 min −1 and k p app = 0.006 min −1 ) and exhibited a linear increase in molecular weights with conversion providing narrow molecular weight distributions. The SET‐LRP of MMA/25%‐MAA was found to be significantly slower ( k p app = 0.0035 min −1 ). However, a reasonable first‐order kinetics in monomer consumption was maintained, and the control of the polymerization process was preserved since the molecular weight increased linearly with conversion and could therefore be adjusted. This work demonstrates that the copolymerization of methacrylic acid by SET‐LRP is feasible and the design of well‐defined macromolecules comprising acidic functionality can be achieved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Semi-Aromatic Polyimides with Low Dielectric Constant and Low CTE (2001)

Semi-aromatic polyimides (PIs) possessing simultaneously a low dielectric constant ( K) and low linear coefficient of thermal expansion ( CTE) were molecularly-designed. Two PI systems were focused on, i.e. the s-BPDA/CHDA polyimide derived from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride with trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine and CBDA/TFMB derived from 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and bis(2,2′-trifluoromethyl)benzidine. In the s-BPDA/CHDA system, poly(amic) acid (PAA) polymerization using the common procedure was prevented by strong salt formation at the initial stage. However, heating the salt-forming reaction mixture at a selected temperature for a short period allowed the system to polymerize and resulted in a high-molecular-weight PAA (reduced viscosity η red > 2 dl g −1 ). On the other hand, in the CBDA/TFMB system, a high-molecular-weight PAA ( η red > 3 dl g −1 ) was readily obtained by choosing the solid content without any salt formation. The chosen PIs almost achieved the current goal; CTE < 20 ppm K −1 , K < 3.0, and T g > 300°C concurrently with adequate film flexibility. In particular, CBDA/TFMB accomplished a very low K (∼2.6). Although these PIs have a much lower thermo-oxidative stability than wholly aromatic PIs, the results suggested that there is no serious problem for the short-term thermal stability required for soldering processes.
Off‐target immune cell toxicity caused by AG‐012986, a pan‐CDK inhibitor, is associated with inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation (2011)

AG-012986 is a pan-CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor that has in vitro and in vivo antitumor properties but was stopped in development due in part to rapid bone-marrow-independent white blood cell toxicity in preclinical studies and the potential for acute and delayed immunosuppression in humans. Because peripheral lymphocytes are largely nonproliferating, it was hypothesized the toxicity of AG-012986 was due to an off-target mechanism and not driven by the intended pharmacology. We show the toxicity mechanism in primary human immune cells is caspase driven. T-cells treated with AG-012986 and acutely stimulated through the T-cell receptor exhibited decreased toxicity while still maintaining cell division inhibition. This indicated that the pharmacology of AG-012986 functioned as expected but the toxicity had now been decoupled through activation. Induced phosphorylation of p38 and IL-2 production was impaired with AG-012986. Thus, AG-012986 could cause apoptosis of T-cells by targeting upstream kinases in the p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and impairing cellular survival.
Synthetic Models for Heme−Copper Oxidases (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Models for Heme−Copper OxidasesEunsuk Kim, Eduardo E. Chufán, Kaliappan Kamaraj, and Kenneth D. KarlinView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Charles and 34th Streets, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2, 1077–1134Publication Date (Web):January 28, 2004Publication History Received16 September 2003Published online28 January 2004Published inissue 1 February 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0206162https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0206162research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4010Altmetric-Citations370LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bioinorganic chemistry,Copper,Inorganic carbon compounds,Ligands,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Observations on the microstructure and heat-induced changes in the viscoelasticity of commercial cheeses (1999)

Commercial samples of low-moisture mozzarella (LMMC), cheddar (CC) and analogue pizza cheese (APC) were evaluated for microstructure and heat-induced changes in viscoelasticity. Major inter-variety differences in microstructure were noted. The casein in the LMMC was in the form of longitudinally aligned fibres with entrapped fat columns, consisting of discrete and coalesced fat globules, of similar orientation. Less orientation of the casein and fat phases was evident in the CC. The microstructure of the APC was distinctly different from that of the LMMC and CC, having a more uniformly distributed paracasein matrix (with no orientation) and an emulsion of discrete, rounded fat droplets of varying size. Increasing the temperature resulted in a decrease in the elastic shear modulus, G', and an increase in the phase angle, δ, indicating a transition from an unmelted cheese, largely elastic in rheological response, to a melted cheese, which is more viscous in character. There was a distinct phase change from elastic to viscous nature in the LMMC and CC cheeses, as indicated by an abrupt increase in δ to ∼55-60° in the temperature range 60-82°C. In contrast, the increase in δ for the APC was more gradual and the maximum value attained was much lower, at ∼38°, There was good agreement between the viscoelastic parameters and functional attributes of the baked cheese, with low values of δ max and high values of G' mir (as in the APC samples) coinciding with relatively low flowability and high apparent viscosity.
Natural history of corneal haze after collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia: Scheimpflug and biomicroscopic analysis (2010)

The time course of corneal haze after CXL was objectively quantified; it was greatest at 1 month, plateaued at 3 months, and was significantly decreased between 3 months and 12 months. Changes in haze did not correlate with postoperative clinical outcomes.
Non-invasive imaging of blood cell concentration and blood distribution in zebrafish<i>Danio rerio</i>incubated in hypoxic conditions<i>in vivo</i> (2003)

This is the first study to use a combination of digital imaging techniques and vital video microscopy to study hypoxia-induced changes in blood cell concentration, angiogenesis and blood redistribution in entire animals. Zebrafish Danio rerio, which are known to be independent of convective oxygen transport until about 2 weeks post-fertilization, were raised under chronic hypoxia (P(O(2))=8.7 kPa) starting at 1 day after fertilization (d.p.f.) until 15 d.p.f. In control animals, the concentration of red cells (i.e. the number of red cells per nl blood) remained constant until 7 d.p.f., and than decreased by approximately 70% until 15 d.p.f. In hypoxic animals, however, the concentration of red cells remained significantly elevated compared to control animals at 12 and 15 d.p.f. Assuming that the hemoglobin content of the red cells is similar, hypoxic animals have a higher oxygen carrying capacity in their blood. Red cell distribution within the various parts of the circulatory system, taken as an indicator for blood distribution, revealed a significant modification in the number of blood cells perfusing the organs in hypoxic animals. At 12 d.p.f., gut perfusion was reduced by almost 50% in hypoxic animals, while perfusion of the segmental muscle tissue was increased to 350% of control values. No significant changes in brain perfusion were observed under these conditions. At 15 d.p.f., the reduction in gut perfusion was abolished, although muscle perfusion was still significantly elevated. At this time, growth of hypoxic animals was less compared to control animals, revealing that hypoxia had become deleterious for further development. The vascular bed of various organs was not obviously different in hypoxic animals compared to normoxic animals.
A sensitive and selective resin spot test for diphenylamine (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA sensitive and selective resin spot test for diphenylamineMohsin. Qureshi and Saidul Z. QureshiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 13, 1956–1958Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50155a081RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (477 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts