gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nicastrin Is Critical for Stability and Trafficking but Not Association of Other Presenilin/γ-Secretase Components (2005)

γ-Secretase, which is responsible for the intramembranous cleavage of Alzheimer β-amyloid precursor protein and the signaling receptor Notch, is a multiprotein complex consisting of at least four components: presenilin (PS); nicastrin (Nct); APH-1 (anterior pharynx-defective-1); and presenilin enhancer-2 (PEN-2). Presenilin 1 (PS1) is known to be essential for the stability, interaction, and trafficking of the other PS1/γ-secretase components. However, the precise functions of the other components remain elusive. Here, we investigated the functions of Nct within the PS1/γ-secretase complex. We demonstrated that the loss of Nct expression in the embryonic fibroblast cells (Nct KO cells) results in dramatically decreased levels of APH-1, PEN-2, and PS1 fragments accompanied by a significant accumulation of full-length PS1. In the absence of Nct, PEN-2 and full-length PS1 are subjected to proteasome-mediated degradation, whereas the degradation of APH-1 is mediated by both proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. Unlike the case of wild type cells in which the γ-secretase complex mainly locates in the trans-Golgi network, the majority of residual PEN-2, APH-1, and the uncleaved full-length PS1 in Nct KO cells reside in the endoplasmic reticulum, which remain associated with each other in the absence of Nct. Interestingly, significant amounts of full-length PS1 and PEN-2, but not APH-1, are detected on the plasma membrane in Nct KO cells, suggesting the Nct-independent cell surface delivery of the PEN-2·PS1. Finally, the diminished PEN-2 protein level in Nct-deficient cells can be partially restored by overexpression of exogenous PS1, APH-1, or PEN-2 individually or collectively, indicating a dispensable role for Nct in controlling PEN-2 level. Taken together, our study demonstrates a critical role of Nct in the stability and proper intracellular trafficking of other components of the PS1/ γ-secretase complex but not in maintaining the association of PEN-2, APH-1, and full-length PS1.
Transplantation of retinal cells (1990)

This paper traces the history of transplantation of dissociated retinal epithelial and/or photoreceptor cells. It describes our most recent results on the long term allotransplantation of cultured, tritiated thymidine labeled pigmented retinal epithelial cells into the retina of albino rabbits immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. Cultured rabbit retinal epithelial cells survive for months after transplantation, resume phagocytosis of host outer segments and form junctional complexes with each other and with host retinal epithelium. It also describes long term transplantation of photoreceptors (rods) from normal rats into the almost receptorless retina of a congenic dystrophic rat. These rods maintain primitive outer segments and appear to form synapses on host retinal neurons. The results suggest that cellular reconstruction of the degenerated retina may become a feasible undertaking.
One-pass syntax-directed connected-word recognition in a time-sharing environment (2005)

This paper describes a syntax-directed real-time connected-word recognition system and compares the performance of different recognition algorithms. This is a speaker dependent system based on whole word template matching, and the recognition is done using a one-pass dynamic time-warping algorithm. The symmetric local constraints of Sakoe and Chiba are used for connected word recognition, and with proper normalization of the accumulated distances, result in better performance than the Itakura local constraints. By allowing a noise template to start and end the sentences during the recognition process, most of the errors due to a bad endpoint detection are eliminated. When memory and computational resources are limited, vector quantization allows more templates for each word in the dictionary, and as a consequence, the recognition performance increases. By carefully implementing the algorithm on standard hardware (VAX 11/780 and FPS AP-120B), real-time recognition is achieved for vocabularies of up to 100 templates, or up to 250 templates if vector quantization is used.
1.6-6 GHz optimized antennas for indoor wireless LAN applications (2002)

This paper presents a class of broadband monopole-based antennas for indoor wireless local area network applications. Through optimization of the antenna's physical shape, different structures for both the base station and the mobile terminal are designed and developed. These antennas have been successfully incorporated in a 2.4 GHz 25 Mbps prototype PC card test-bed system.
Adhesion-Dependent Degranulation of Neutrophils Requires the Src Family Kinases Fgr and Hck (1999)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) adherent to integrin ligands respond to inflammatory mediators by reorganizing their cytoskeleton and releasing reactive oxygen intermediates. As Src family tyrosine kinases are implicated in these responses, we investigated their possible role in regulating degranulation. Human PMN incubated on fibrinogen released lactoferrin in response to TNF-alpha and this response was inhibited by PP1, a Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This drug had no effect on lactoferrin secretion induced by PMA, an adhesion-independent agonist of PMN degranulation. However, PP1 blocked secretion in PMN plated on plain tissue culture plastic, a surface inducing PMN spreading in the absence of any stimulus. Double knockout hck-/- fgr-/- PMN adherent to collagen or fibrinogen failed to release lactoferrin in response to TNF-alpha but responded to PMA as wild-type PMN. Degranulation induced by spreading over tissue culture plastic was also defective in hck-/- fgr-/- PMN. Defective adhesion-dependent degranulation required the absence of both kinases, because single knockout fgr-/- or hck-/- PMN responded as wild-type cells. Analysis of lactoferrin secretion in hck-/- fgr-/- or PP1-treated, suspended PMN showed that Src kinases are not implicated in degranulation dependent on activation of protein kinase C or increase in intracellular free Ca2+ but may play a role in the response to FMLP of cytochalasin B-treated PMN. These findings identify a role for Src family kinases in a signaling pathway leading to granule-plasma membrane fusion and suggest that Fgr and Hck would be targets for pharmacological control of adhesion-dependent degranulation in the inflammatory site.
The measurement of fatty solids by differential scanning calorimetry (1969)

Abstract A method has been developed for the measurement of the solids content of vegetable and animal fats by differential scanning calorimetry. Although precision is about half that of existing dilatometric methods, this is a rapid procedure, designed for hydrogenation control. Elapsed analysis time for the determination of solids at two temperatures is about 40 min, compared with 3 to 4 hr by dilatometry. Procedures are outlined employing either of two commercially available instruments.
Thermal inactivation of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> surrogate spores in a bench-scale enclosed landfill gas flare (2012)

A bench-scale landfill flare system was designed and built to test the potential for landfilled biological spores that migrate from the waste into the landfill gas to pass through the flare and exit into the environment as viable. The residence times and temperatures of the flare were characterized and compared to full-scale systems. Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus atrophaeus, nonpathogenic spores that may serve as surrogates for Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent for anthrax, were investigated to determine whether these organisms would be inactivated or remain viable after passing through a simulated landfill flare. High concentration spore solutions were aerosolized, dried, and sent through a bench-scale system to simulate the fate of biological weapon (BW)-grade spores in a landfill gas flare. Sampling was conducted downstream of the flare using a bioaerosol collection device containing sterile white mineral oil. The samples were cultured, incubated for seven days, and assessed for viability. Results showed that the bench-scale system exhibited good similarity to the real-world conditions of an enclosed standard combustor flare stack with a single orifice, forced-draft diffusion burner. All spores of G. stearothermophilus and B. atrophaeus were inactivated in the flare, indicating that spores that become re-entrained in landfill gas may not escape the landfill as viable, apparently becoming completely inactivated as they exit through a landfill flare.
<i>The effect of the 5‐HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist, alosetron, on brain responses to visceral stimulation in irritable bowel syndrome patients</i> (2002)

In non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome patients, 3 weeks of treatment with a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist decreases brain activity in response to unanticipated, anticipated and delivered aversive rectal stimuli in structures of the emotional motor system, and this is associated with a decrease in gastrointestinal symptoms.
KOAN/ANAGRAM II: new tools for device-level analog placement and routing (1991)

The authors describe KOAN and ANAGRAM II, new tools for device-level analog placement and routing. Analog layout tools that merely apply known digital macrocell techniques fall short of achieving the density and performance of handcrafted analog cells. KOAN and ANAGRAM II differ from previous approaches by using general algorithmic techniques to find critical device-level layout optimizations rather than relying on a large library of fixed-topology module generators. New placement algorithms implemented in KOAN handle complex layout symmetries, dynamic merging and abutment of individual devices, and flexible generation of wells and bulk constants. New routing algorithms implemented in ANAGRAM II handle arbitrary gridless design rules in addition to over-the-device, crosstalk-avoiding, mirror-symmetric, and self-symmetric wiring. Examples of CMOS and BiCMOS analog cell layouts produced by these tools are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simple and Efficient Decoupling of Compact Arrays With Parasitic Scatterers (2011)

Compact arrays such as multiple antennas on a mobile terminal suffer from low efficiency and high correlation between antenna signals. In the present paper, a simple and rigorous procedure for decoupling two closely coupled antennas with a parasitic scatterer is proposed. The parasitic scatterer, which can be an additional antenna, acts as a shield between two active antenna elements. In contrast to previous studies involving the use of parasitic scatterer for decoupling antennas, we demonstrate using antenna impedances the underlying decoupling mechanism for two arbitrary antennas. By a proper choice of parameters, perfect matching and decoupling can be obtained for a given antenna spacing without extending the overall area used, and without introducing additional decoupling networks. The price to pay is a reduction of bandwidth relative to that of widely spaced antennas, which is the case for other decoupling methods as well. Simulation and experimental results are used to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach on a two-monopole array with an antenna spacing of 0.1 wavelength. Finally, several practical considerations of the proposal are also presented, including the extension of the approach for more than two active antennas and its implementation in mobile terminals.
Silicon controlled rectifier with parametric phase shifter (1965)

The object of this paper is to present a new magnetic ignition device for the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), called a parametric phase shifter, in which the theoretical range of the firing angle is 360 degrees. In this device, a magnetic frequency subdivider, called a parametron, is used as the supply for the conventional saturable reactor connected to the gate circuit of the SCR. The ac source for the SCR and for the parametron is common or selected to have the same frequency <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</tex> . The supply frequency of the saturable reactor becomes one half ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2 f</tex> ) of the source frequency by the frequency subdividing action of parametron. Thus, the firing angle range of the SCR can be extended to twice the value as that reached by the ordinary ignition circuit with the saturable reactor only. From the experimental results, its range is measured to about 300 degrees. The starting angle of the ignition in this device can be controlled by changing the supply voltage, the loss component of the oscillating circuit, and the constant part of the inductance of the parametron. If this device is used as an SCR amplifier, the characteristics, such as the gain, the linearity, and the maximum output, are improved considerably. As the firing angle can be extended to the inverter zone of the SCR, this combined device can be used as a regenerative braking of dc motor.
ATM loss leads to synthetic lethality in BRCA1 BRCT mutant mice associated with exacerbated defects in homology-directed repair (2017)

BRCA1 is essential for homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double-strand breaks in part through antagonism of the nonhomologous end-joining factor 53BP1. The ATM kinase is involved in various aspects of DNA damage signaling and repair, but how ATM participates in HDR and genetically interacts with BRCA1 in this process is unclear. To investigate this question, we used the <i>Brca1</i><sup><i>S1598F</i></sup> mouse model carrying a mutation in the BRCA1 C-terminal domain of BRCA1. Whereas ATM loss leads to a mild HDR defect in adult somatic cells, we find that ATM inhibition leads to severely reduced HDR in <i>Brca1</i><sup><i>S1598F</i></sup> cells. Consistent with a critical role for ATM in HDR in this background, loss of ATM leads to synthetic lethality of <i>Brca1</i><sup><i>S1598F</i></sup> mice. Whereas both ATM and BRCA1 promote end resection, which can be regulated by 53BP1, <i>53bp1</i> deletion does not rescue the HDR defects of <i>Atm</i> mutant cells, in contrast to <i>Brca1</i> mutant cells. These results demonstrate that ATM has a role in HDR independent of the BRCA1-53BP1 antagonism and that its HDR function can become critical in certain contexts.
<i>Gymnema sylvestre</i>: A Memoir (2007)

Gymnema sylvestre is regarded as one of the plants with potent anti diabetic properties. This plant is also used for controlling obesity in the form of Gymnema tea. The active compound of the plant is a group of acids termed as gymnemic acids. It has been observed that there could be a possible link between obesity, Gymnemic acids and diabetes. This review will try to put forth an overall idea about the plant as well as present a molecular perspective linking the common medicine to the most common metabolic disorders.
Observation of Fractional Charge of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:math>on Matter (1981)

Measurements on niobium spheres which show unambiguously the existence of fractional charges of $\frac{1}{3}e$ are reported. Charge changes of $\frac{1}{3}e$ on particular spheres when they contact other surfaces are continually observed. Of 21 new measurements, four charges of $+\frac{1}{3}e$, four of $\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}e$, and thirteen of zero are found. Extensive measurements and critical analyses have assured us that the background forces are either negligible or have been measured and taken fully into account.
Recent Advances in the Development of Anticancer Drugs that Act against Signalling Pathways (1994)

Cancer can be considered a disease of deranged intracellular signalling. The intracellular signalling pathways that mediate the effects of oncogenes on cell growth and transformation present attractive targets for the development of new classes of drugs for the prevention and treatment of cancer. This is a new approach to developing anticancer drugs and the potential, as well as some of the problems, inherent in the approach are discussed. Anticancer drugs that produce their effects by disrupting signalling pathways are already in clinical trial. Some properties of these drugs, as well as other inhibitors of signalling pathways under development as potential anticancer drugs, are reviewed.
Nanostructuration with visible-light-emitting silicon nanocrystals (2003)

Silicon nanocrystals with diameters between 2.5 and 7 nm were prepared by CO2 laser pyrolysis of silane in a gas flow reactor. A small portion of the particles created in the reaction zone was extracted as a molecular beam through a conical nozzle and deposited at low energy on substrates. Placing suitable masks in front of the substrate, micro- and nanostructured films were obtained. The patterned structures were characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy while their optical properties were studied by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Nanostructures as small as 30 nm could be produced. The photoluminescence emanating from a regular array of 1.2 μm sized dots composed of Si nanocrystals was studied with spatial, spectral and temporal resolution.
Fabrication and Test of MEMS/NEMS based Polyimide Integrated Humidity, Temperature and Pressure Sensor (2006)

MEMS/NEMS based integrated sensors for humidity, temperature and pressure used in environment monitoring are usually combined by separate devices for complicated technology and material compatibility. In order to lower cost, polyimide (PI) was introduced in to fabricate integrated sensors realizing IC compatible process. Different humidity electrodes have been investigated and a humidity sensor with a sensitivity of 2.375pF/RH% during 20~90%RH is fabricated. Performance in high humidity is compensated by temperature elements, which shows excellent linearity from -20degC to 100degC. Polyimide and nitride diaphragm was used to measure external pressure, which achieves a sensitivity of 1.1 mV/degC and an accuracy of 0.06 kPa.
Integrated switched-capacitor-based cold-start circuit for DC-DC energy harvesters with wide input/output voltage range and low inductance in 40-nm CMOS (2018)

This paper outlines an integrated switched-capacitor (SC)-based cold-start circuit for dc-dc energy harvesters that uniquely combines a low cold-start voltage, wide input/output voltage and low inductance value in the boost stage. The proposed design specifically targets size-constrained, self-powered Internet-of-Things applications. The proposed design is an SC circuit built from low-threshold-voltage devices operating in the sub-threshold region and provides the drive voltage for high-threshold-voltage devices of the boost dc-dc converter. The SC circuit is an NMOS-based Dickson charge pump driven synchronously with a series of cross-coupled voltage doublers and voltage multiplying gate drivers. The SC circuit, which is integrated together with a boost converter as the dc-dc energy harvester, has been implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process for future system-on-chip integration. The measured results show that with a 4.7 μH boost converter inductance, the design can start up from typical input voltages as low as 190 mV while offering up to 2.4 V input and 5 V output voltage compatibility.
<i>In vitro</i> effects of proteases in human pancreatic juice on stability of liquid and carrier-bound fibrin sealants (2013)

Proteases in pancreatic juice effectively degrade both liquid and carrier-bound fibrin sealants in vitro. The use of these products in pancreatic surgery with the aim of preventing leakage of pancreatic fluid is not supported by this experimental study.
Scission of Soybean Bowman-Birk Proteinase Inhibitor into Two Small Fragments Having Either Trypsin or Chymotrypsin Inhibitory Activity (1973)

Journal Article Scission of Soybean Bowman-Birk Proteinase Inhibitor into Two Small Fragments Having Either Trypsin or Chymotrypsin Inhibitory Activity Get access Shoji ODANI, Shoji ODANI Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University School of MedicineNiigata 951 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tokuji IKENAKA Tokuji IKENAKA Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University School of MedicineNiigata 951 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 74, Issue 4, October 1973, Pages 857–860, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a130313 Published: 01 October 1973 Article history Received: 19 July 1973 Published: 01 October 1973
Synthesis and Characterization of a Native, Oligomeric Form of Recombinant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein (2004)

We have expressed and characterized the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein in cDNA-transfected mammalian cells. The full-length spike protein (S) was newly synthesized as an endoglycosidase H (endo H)-sensitive glycoprotein (gp170) that is further modified into an endo H-resistant glycoprotein (gp180) in the Golgi apparatus. No substantial proteolytic cleavage of S was observed, suggesting that S is not processed into head (S1) and stalk (S2) domains as observed for certain other coronaviruses. While the expressed full-length S glycoprotein was exclusively cell associated, a truncation of S by excluding the C-terminal transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail domains resulted in the expression of an endoplasmic reticulum-localized glycoprotein (gp160) as well as a Golgi-specific form (gp170) which was ultimately secreted into the cell culture medium. Chemical cross-linking, thermal denaturation, and size fractionation analyses suggested that the full-length S glycoprotein of SARS-CoV forms a higher order structure of approximately 500 kDa, which is consistent with it being an S homotrimer. The latter was also observed in purified virions. The intracellular form of the C-terminally truncated S protein (but not the secreted form) also forms trimers, but with much less efficiency than full-length S. Deglycosylation of the full-length homotrimer with peptide N-glycosidase-F under native conditions abolished recognition of the protein by virus-neutralizing antisera raised against purified virions, suggesting the importance of the carbohydrate in the correct folding of the S protein. These data should aid in the design of recombinant vaccine antigens to prevent the spread of this emerging pathogen.