gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates used in bacterial diagnostics. (1991)

Methods based on the application of chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates enable specific and rapid detection of a variety of bacterial enzymatic activities. By using these techniques, enzymatic reactions can be examined simultaneously or individually, either directly on the isolation plate or in cell suspensions. For this purpose, various testing principles and test kits for clinical and food microbiology have been introduced successfully during the last few years. In this paper we present a survey of different enzymes of microbial origin that are utilized for microbiological identification and differentiation and the corresponding methods. Particular emphasis is given to the examination of Escherichia coli and the description of the different techniques as used in routine analysis.
Rapid fabrication of tooling for microfluidic devices via laser micromachining and hot embossing (2008)

This paper presents a new method for rapid fabrication of polymeric micromold masters for the manufacture of polymer microfluidic devices. The manufacturing method involves laser micromachining of the desired structure of microfluidic channels in a thin metallic sheet and then hot embossing the channel structure onto poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA substrate to form the mold master. The channeled layer of the microfluidic device is then produced by pouring the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer over the mold and curing it. The method is referred to as LHEM (laser micromachining, hot embossing and molding). Polymers like PDMS are preferred over silicon as the material for building microfluidic devices because of their biocompatibility properties as well as because of their lower cost. The proposed manufacturing method involves fewer processing steps than the conventional soft lithography process and enables manufacture of non-rectangular channels in microfluidic devices. To test the method, a mold for a micro capillary electrophoresis microfluidic chip was fabricated. The experimental results confirmed that high quality (Ra 10 to 100 nm) molds can be fabricated quickly and inexpensively. Advantages and limitations of the proposed method are discussed in the concluding section of the paper.
A Rapid-Plate Hemagglutination Assay for the Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (2000)

A rapid-plate hemagglutination (HA) test to detect infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in allantoic fluid of embryonated eggs was introduced into routine procedures for IBV identification. This system was tested in 468 diagnostic cases received by the Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center at the University of Georgia. Allantoic fluids from inoculated embryos were harvested and treated with commercially available neuraminidase enzyme. IBV in neuraminidase-treated allantoic fluid was identified by clear and consistent HA of chicken red blood cells within 1 min of incubation. The specificity of the neuraminidase rapid-plate HA assay was examined with other avian viruses in individual and dual embryonic infections. Sensitivity of this test was compared with embryo lesions and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The rapid-plate HA assay of neuraminidase-treated allantoic fluid correlated with the RT-PCR during the early stages of IBV detection, identification, and isolation in embryonated eggs.
Physiological and ultrastructural features of human induced pluripotent and embryonic stem cell-derived skeletal myocytes in vitro (2014)

Progress has recently been made toward the production of human skeletal muscle cells from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. However, the functional and ultrastructural characterization, which is crucial for disease modeling and drug discovery, remains to be documented. We show, for the first time to our knowledge, that the electrophysiological properties of human iPS-derived skeletal myocytes are strictly similar to those of their embryonic stem (ES) cell counterparts, and both are typical of aneural mammalian skeletal muscle. In both cell types, intracellular calcium signaling that links membrane depolarization to contraction occurs in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), a unique feature of skeletal muscle. Detailed analysis of the Ca(2+) signal revealed diverse kinetics of the rising phase, and hence various rates in the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This was mirrored by ultrastructural evidence of Ca(2+) release units, which varied in location, shape, and size. Thus, the excitation-contraction coupling machinery of both iPS- and ES-derived skeletal myocytes was functional and specific, but did not reach full maturity in culture. This is in contrast with the myofibrillar network, which displayed the same organization as in adult skeletal muscle. Overall, the present study validates the human iPS-based skeletal myocyte model in comparison with the embryonic system, and provides the functional and ultrastructural basis for its application to human skeletal muscle diseases.
Differential Immunomodulating Effects of Inactivated Probiotic Bacteria on the Allergic Immune Response (2007)

Bacterial stimulation plays an important role in modulating the allergic immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inactivated probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain Nissle on the phenotype and function of T- and B-cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with grass-pollen allergy (n=10) and non-allergic patients (n=19) were co-stimulated with inactivated bacteria and grass-pollen allergen. Expression of CD23, CD80, CD86 and CD69 were analysed, and the intracellular production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma was measured by direct ex vivo flow cytometry after stimulation. Both bacteria induced a significant up-regulation of CD69 expression on T-lymphocytes (p=0.001). CD23 expression was significantly increased following stimulation with allergen (p=0.008), but reduced after stimulation with Lactobacillus and significantly reduced with E. coli plus allergen (p=0.029). CD80 expression was reduced after stimulation with Lactobacillus in the allergic group only (p=0.021). By contrast, CD86 expression was significantly increased after stimulation with Lactobacillus (p=0.049) and distinctly increased with E. coli in both groups (p=0.001). The cytokine patterns of CD69-positive T-lymphocytes from allergic patients showed a TH2-dominated response after allergen stimulation (interferon-gamma/interleukin-4-ratio 0.2), directed into a T-helper1-like response by stimulation with both types of bacteria (interferon-gamma/interleukin-4-ratios 1.5-2.0 in both groups). These data show that both types of bacteria modulate the allergic immune response by the alteration of CD23 and co-stimulatory molecule expression. Regarding cytokine production, the data suggest a differential response to both bacteria depending on the atopic state, but a clear promotion of T-helper1-dominated response in allergic donors.
Characterization of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C strains in several Brazilian states (1994)

Epidemic strains of the Neisseria meningitidis C:2b:P1.3 electrophoretic type 11 complex were responsible for an outbreak in Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil, from 1990 to 1991. Strains of this complex were also isolated in other Brazilian states and were responsible for a meningococcal disease epidemic in São Paulo State in 1990. Serotyping both with monoclonal antibodies and by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was useful for typing these epidemic strains related to the increased incidence of meningococcal disease. The genetic similarity of members of the electrophoretic type 11 complex was confirmed by the ribotyping method by using EcoRI or ClaI endonuclease restriction enzymes.
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5‐bisphosphate: Low abundance, high significance (2013)

Recent studies of the low abundant signaling lipid, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2 ), reveal an intriguingly diverse list of downstream pathways, the intertwined relationship between PI(3,5)P2 and PI5P, as well as links to neurodegenerative diseases. Derived from the structural lipid phosphatidylinositol, PI(3,5)P2 is dynamically generated on multiple cellular compartments where interactions with an increasing list of effectors regulate many cellular pathways. A complex of proteins that includes Fab1/PIKfyve, Vac14, and Fig4/Sac3 mediates the biosynthesis of PI(3,5)P2 , and mutations that disrupt complex function and/or formation cause profound consequences in cells. Surprisingly, mutations in this pathway are linked with neurological diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Future studies of PI(3,5)P2 and PI5P are likely to expand the roles of these lipids in regulation of cellular functions, as well as provide new approaches for treatment of some neurological diseases.
DPPC Langmuir Monolayer at the Air−Water Interface:  Probing the Tail and Head Groups by Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy (2006)

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is the predominant lipid component in lung surfactant. In this study, the Langmuir monolayer of deuterated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC-d62) in the liquid-expanded (LE) phase and the liquid-condensed (LC) phase has been investigated at the air-water interface with broad bandwidth sum frequency generation (BBSFG) spectroscopy combined with a Langmuir film balance. Four moieties of the DPPC molecule are probed by BBSFG: the terminal methyl (CD3) groups of the tails, the methylene (CD2) groups of the tails, the choline methyls (CH3) in the headgroup, and the phosphate in the headgroup. BBSFG spectra of the four DPPC moieties provide information about chain conformation, chain orientation, headgroup orientation, and headgroup hydration. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the DPPC phase behavior at the air-water interface. In the LE phase, the DPPC hydrocarbon chains are conformationally disordered with a significant number of gauche configurations. In the LC phase, the hydrocarbon chains are in an all-trans conformation and are tilted from the surface normal by 25 degrees. In addition, the orientations of the tail terminal methyl groups are found to remain nearly unchanged with the variation of surface area. Qualitative analysis of the BBSFG spectra of the choline methyl groups suggests that these methyl groups are tilted but lie somewhat parallel to the surface plane in both the LE and LC phases. The dehydration of the phosphate headgroup due to the LE-LC phase transition is observed through the frequency blue shift of the phosphate symmetric stretch in the fingerprint region. In addition, implications for lung surfactant function from this work are discussed.
Test Manager: A regression testing tool (2002)

CWRU has participated in a joint project with IBM in developing an internal regression testing tool called Test Manager. The objective of Test Manager is to aid in regression testing at the unit testing, integration testing, or function testing levels and also to produce a reduced regression test set to verify the software changes indicated by the user. A conceptual basis for the tool, called a firewall, and a description of the factors which influenced the design of the tool are given. The tool utilizes a Prolog database; a set of experiments that determined how that database should best be structured is described. Timing and space requirements and future work and enhancements to the tool are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reconciling point-based and interval-based semantics in temporal relational databases: a treatment of the telic/atelic distinction (2004)

The analysis of the semantics of temporal data and queries plays a central role in the area of temporal databases. Although many different algebrae and models have been proposed, almost all of them are based on a point-based (snapshot) semantics for data. On the other hand, in the areas of linguistics, philosophy, and recently, artificial intelligence, an oft-debated issue concerns the use of an interval-based versus a point-based semantics. In this paper, we first show some problems inherent in the adoption of a point-based semantics for data, then argue that these problems arise because there is no distinction drawn in the data between telic and atelic facts. We then introduce a three-sorted temporal model and algebra including coercion functions for transforming relations of one sort into relations of the other at query time which properly copes with these issues.
ANCHORAGES FOR FRP REINFORCEMENT (1993)

The unique mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) reinforcement tendons have necessitated the development of reliable and practical anchorages for these tendons. FRP's high ratio of axial tensile strength to lateral compressive strength, approximately 20 to 1, introduces serious problems to the various anchorage techniques available or currently under development. Grout-type anchorages, although they have disadvantages, have been easier to design than wedge type anchorages, but most manufacturers are attempting to provide both types. Wedge type anchorages have been recently used for carbon and aramid fiber tendons. Anchorages for glass fiber reinforced plastics tendons are discussed, as well as anchorages for carbon fiber reinforced plastics tendons. Wedge type anchorages for aramid fiber ropes are described, as well as anchorages for AFRP (aramid fiber reinforced plastics) rods.
Novel membranes based on poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) and sulfonated polysulfone for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2013)

Abstract Proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)s are increasingly regarded as promising environmentally benign power sources. Heterocyclic molecules are commonly used in the proton conducting membranes as dopant or polymer side group due to their high proton transfer ability. In this study, 5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole monomer, prepared by the reaction of methacryloyl chloride with 5‐aminotetrazole, was polymerized via conventional free radical mechanism to achieve poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) homopolymer. Novel composite membranes, SPSU‐PMTetX, were successfully produced by incorporating sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) into poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) (PMTet). The sulfonation of polysulfone was performed with trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate and high degree of sulfonation (140%) was obtained. The homopolymers and composite membranes have been characterized by NMR, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 1 H‐NMR and FTIR confirmed the sulfonation of PSU and the ionic interaction between sulfonic acid and poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) units. TGA showed that the polymer electrolyte membranes are thermally stable up to ∼190°C. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated the homogeneity of the membranes. This result was also supported by the appearance of a single T g in the DSC curves of the blends. Water uptake and proton conductivity measurements were, as well, carried out. Methanol permeability measurements showed that the composite membranes have similar methanol permeability values with Nafion 112. The maximum proton conductivity of anhydrous SPSU‐PMTet0.5 at 150°C was determined as 2.2 × 10 −6 S cm −1 while in humidified conditions at 20°C a value of 6 × 10 −3 S cm −1 was found for SPSU‐PMTet2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40107.
Measurement of the refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient of water near 193 nm (2004)

We present accurate measurements of several important optical constants of high-purity water for wavelengths near 193.39 nm at 21.50°C: the absolute refractive index n = 1.436 62(2), the dispersion dn/dλ = −2.109(17)×10−3 nm−1, and the thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT = −1.00(4)×10−4 (°C)−1. We determine these values by two independent approaches, the minimum deviation prism method and an interferometric technique, and find that they give mutually consistent results.
Pathologic Thr <sup>175</sup> tau phosphorylation in CTE and CTE with ALS (2018)

Pathologic phosphorylation of tau at Thr<sup>175</sup> and Thr<sup>231</sup> and activation of GSK3β are features of the tauopathy of CTE and CTE-ALS. These features can be replicated in an animal model of moderate TBI.
Mammalian Topoisomerase II Activity Is Modulated by the DNA Minor Groove Binder Distamycin in Simian Virus 40 DNA (1989)

DNA topoisomerases II are nuclear enzymes that have been identified recently as targets for some of the most active anticancer drugs. Antitumor topoisomerase II inhibitors such as teniposide (VM-26) produce enzyme-induced DNA cleavage and inhibition of enzyme activity. By adding to such reactions distamycin, a compound whose effects on DNA have been extensively characterized, we investigated the effects of drug binding upon topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage induced by VM-26. We have found a correspondence between distamycin binding (determined by footprinting analysis) and topoisomerase II-mediated cleavage of SV40 DNA (determined by sequencing gel analysis). Distamycin binding potentiated the cleavage of specific sites in the near proximity of distamycin-binding sites (within at least 25 base pairs), which indicates that DNA secondary structure is involved in topoisomerase II-DNA interactions. That distamycin potentiated cleavage only at sites that were recognized in the absence of distamycin and suppressed cleavage directly at distamycin-binding sites indicates that topoisomerase II recognizes DNA on the basis of primary sequence. In addition, distamycin stimulated topoisomerase II-mediated DNA relaxation and antagonized the inhibitory effect of VM-26. These results show that the DNA sequence-specific binding of distamycin produces local and propagated effects in the DNA which markedly affect topoisomerase II activity.
Bleomycin induced flagellate erythema: Revisiting a unique complication (2013)

Bleomycin induced flagellate dermatitis is a rare and unique adverse effect. With the declining use of bleomycin, this complication is becoming increasingly infrequent in common clinical practice. We herein describe a case of a 22-year-old Indian male with Hodgkin's lymphoma, Ann Arbor stage IIBEX developing flagellate dermatitis following 1(st) cycle of chemotherapy with ABVD regimen. The diagnostic dilemma in the illustrative case underscores the importance of awareness and prompt identification and treatment of this dermatological toxicity in limiting morbidity in patients undergoing bleomycin based combination chemotherapy. In patients having severe rash, bleomycin should be expeditiously discontinued. Omission of bleomycin does not compromise the treatment outcome in the majority of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Experimental demonstration of an integrated hybrid plasmonic polarization rotator (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate an ultracompact (3.7 μm long) hybrid plasmonic polarization rotator operating around 1.55 μm for integrated silicon photonics circuits. The TM polarization of a silicon waveguide is rotated to the TE polarization with insertion losses as low as 1.5 dB and polarization extinction ratios larger than 13.5 dB.
A STUDY OF THE "CAPSULAR" SHADOW IN DISORDERS OF THE HIP IN CHILDREN (1975)

Displacement and blurring of the soft-tissue shadows about the hip has been described in several conditions, particularly in transient synovitis. A study was made between such displacements and the posture commonly adopted by an "irritable hip". Examination of radiographs of normal hips, and of those in cases of transient synovitis and Perthes' disease showed that the appearance of "capsular swelling" is related to the position of lateral rotation and abduction. This was confirmed by anatomical dissections of the lateral plane, which appears to be an intermuscular plane lying anterior to the hip, and an explantation is given for the blurring which may accompany its lateral displacement. "Capsular swelling" appears to be a radiological artefact.
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cho1+ Gene Encodes a Phospholipid Methyltransferase (1998)

The isolation of mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe defective in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine via the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine is reported. These mutants are choline auxotrophs and fall into two unlinked complementation groups, cho1 and cho2. We also report the analysis of the cho1+ gene, the first structural gene encoding a phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme from S. pombe to be cloned and characterized. The cho1+ gene disruption mutant (cho1Delta) is viable if choline is supplied and resembles the cho1 mutants isolated after mutagenesis. Sequence analysis of the cho1+ gene indicates that it encodes a protein closely related to phospholipid methyltransferases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rat. Phospholipid methyltransferases encoded by a rat liver cDNA and the S. cerevisiae OPI3 gene are both able to complement the choline auxotrophy of the S. pombe cho1 mutants. These results suggest that both the structure and function of the phospholipid N-methyltransferases are broadly conserved among eukaryotic organisms.
Alfinated coating structure on HS6-5-2 (SW7M) high speed steel (2010)

The paper presents the results of immersion alfinated coating structure in AlSi5 silumin on HS6-5-2 (SW7M) high speed steel. Alfinating bath temperature was 750 ± 5 ° C, time of sample immersion was τ = 180s. Thickness of obtained coating under specified conditions was g = 150μm. Manufactured coating consists of three layers of different construction phase. The first layer from the substrate „g1`” constructed with a AlFe phase consist of alloy additives constituents of HS6-5-2 (SW7M) steel: W, Mo, V, Cr and Si. On it crystallizes the second layer „g1``” of AlFeWMoCr intermetallic phases also containing Si and small amount of V. Last, the outer layer „g2” of the coating is composed with silumin including AlFeWMoCrVSi intermetallic phases. Within all layers of the coating occurs carbides. Penetration of carbides to individual coating layers is mainly due to steel surface partial melting and crystallizing layers „g1`” and „g1``” by alfinating liquid and shifting into her of carbides as well as partial carbides rejection by crystallization front of intermetallic phases occurs in coating.