gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
동치미 발효에 미치는 무 품종의 영향 (2003)

품종별로 무의 일반성분과 경도 등의 특성을 측정하고 동치미를 제조하여 발효숙성 중의 물리화학적 미생물학적 특성과 관능검사를 실시한 결과 다음과 같다. 외형적 특성은 가을무가 봄무에 비하여 길이가 짧고 직경은 굵은 편이었고, 이화학적 특성은 가을무가 봄무에 비하여 수분, 회분함량은 낮고, 당도는 높았으며, 경도는 가을무가 봄무에 비하여 높았다. 동치미의 발효 숙성 중 pH는 낮아지고 산도는 증가하였다. 동치미의 적정 pH와 산도에 이르는 시간이 봄무가 가을무에 비해 빠르게 나타났으며, 최종 생성된 총산함량은 가을무가 봄무에 비해 높았으며, 이는 원료무의 당도와 비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 미생물 수의 변화에서 총균수의 변화는 봄무의 경우 17일과 21일, 가을무의 경우 21일과 24일에 최대 총균수를 보인후 서서히 감소하는 경향이었다. 젖산균수도 총균수의 변화양상과 비슷하였으며, 봄무는 17일에 $10^8{\sim}10^9\;CFU/mL$ , 가을무는 청운과 백봉의 경우 21일에, 청복의 경우 24일에 $10^9\;CFU/mL$ 로 최고치를 보인 후 감소하거나 또는 감소하였다가 다시 상승하기도 하는 등 품종마다 다르게 나타났다. 경도 변화는 발효 초기 급격한 감소와 증가를 보인 후 완만하게 감소하였으며 가을무가 봄무에 비하여 높았고, 그 중 청복이 장기간 저장해도 경도가 높게 유지되었다. 동치미를 $4^{\circ}C$ 에서 보관하면서 $pH\;4.0{\pm}0.1$ , 총산도 $0.2{\sim}0.3% 에 이르는 21일째에 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 봄무에서는 96371이, 가을무에서는 청복이 단단함과 씹힘성, 국물의 향미가 높았고, 전체적인 기호도에서도 좋게 나타났다. 이상의 평가 결과 청복이 동치미 가공 저장에 가장 적당한 품종으로 나타났다.높은 점이 특징이었다.5 uM)과 합성 항산화제인 butylated hydroxytoluene(2 uM)은 산소 공급에 따른 MDA 생성 증가와 세포질 효소의 유출 증가를 용량의존적으로 억제하였다. 5. 항산화제들의 심근 보호 효과는 산소 재공급시 투여할 때보다는 저산소 관류시부터 투여한 경우에 더욱 현저하였다. 이상의 결과에서 저산소 심근의 산소 재공급은 유독성 산소 대사물인 산소 라디칼의 생성을 증가시키며, 그에 따른 지질성분의 과산화가 심근 손상을 일으키는데 관여할 것으로 여겨졌으며, 저산소-산소 재공급 심근 손상은 지질과산화 반응을 억제하는 항산화제에 의하여 방지될 것으로 사료되었다.42.3{\mu}g/g$ , 수크랄로스는 껌 1품목에서 $120.1{\mu}g/g$ 이 검출되었으며 검출된 인공감미료는 표시사항과 일치하였다. $4^{\circ}C$ 및 $25^{\circ}C$ 저장 결과 버섯분말 첨가량은 노화의 진행속도를 빠르게 한다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 버섯분말 첨가 빵의 관능검사 결과 버섯분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 모든 측정치의 값이 감소하는 결과를 나타냈다. 버섯분말을 제빵에 이용시 4%까지 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.p＜0.01). 위암 세포주 SNU-638의 경우 garlic $(71.63{\pm}0.38%)$ 이 가장 높은 억제효과를 보였으며, red pepper 및 ginger, fenugreek, SPC, cumin, MPC 등에서도 증식억제 효과를 보여주었다(p＜0.001). 그러나 clove 및 nutmeg, turmeric, coriander는 증식을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다(p＜0.001). 폐암 세포 A549에 대한 세포독성 실험 결과 대부분의 원료에서 세포독성이 없었으나 cassia(82.84 16.92%)가 가장 강한 억제효과 【Physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of six dongchimi cultivars were evaluated. Moisture and sugar contents were 94.2% and $4.30^{\circ}Brix$ for three spring radish cultivars, while 92.9% and $7.30^{\circ}Brix$ for three autumn ones. pH $(5.7{\sim}6.1)$ and acidity $(0.09{\sim}0.12%)$ did not show significant differences among cultivars. pH decreased steadily up to 21 days to reach optimum pH of 4.0. The maximum number of total lactic acid bacteria, $10^8{\sim}10^9\;CFU/mL$ , was reached at pH 4.0. The final acidity of spring radishes was lower than that of autumn ones, and was proportional to the sugar content of the radishes. The firmness of spring radish decreased rapidly compared to the autumn ones. Cheongbok was found suitable for dongchimi, because its firmness level was maintained around $165.0{\times}10^3\;N/m^2$ at 35 days. Sensory evaluation revealed 96371 among spring radishes and cheongbok among autumn radishes scored high in firmness, chewiness, flavor, and overall acceptance. These results suggest that autumn radishes are suitable for dongchimi fermentation with cheongbok being the best among the cultivars.】
Kinetic aspects of the interaction of blood clotting enzymes. V. The reaction mechanism of the extrinsic clotting system as revealed by the kinetics of one-stage estimations of coagulation enzymes. (1968)

Observations of the clotting time in one-stage tests in the extrinsic system show, after suitable correction, that there is a rectilinear relationship between the clotting time and the inverse of the concentration of the rate-limiting factor. This cannot be explained by the “cascade” or “waterfall” mechanism proposed as a scheme for the interaction of the blood-clotting factors concerned. This relationship can, however, be explained by a slightly different mechanism.
An adaptive block motion estimation algorithm based on spatio temporal correlation (2006)

This paper suggests a simple scheme based on spatio-temporal neighborhood information for obtaining better estimates of motion vectors. The estimated motion vector is chosen as initial search center. This predictive search center is found closer to the global minimum. Based on the prediction, the algorithm also chooses between center-biased or uniform approach for slow or fast moving sequences. For final fine search quadrant selection algorithm is chosen that speeds up the process. Experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Chemie und Technik der Acetylen‐Druck‐Reaktionen (III. Teil) (1950)

Abstract Im folgenden wird 1. Teil: diese Ztschr. 22, 273/83 [1950]. 2. Teil: ebenda 361/73. Die Aufsatzreihe wird als Buch von etwa 130 Seiten Umfang zum Preise von ca. DM 8,— in Ganzleinen Ende 1950 erscheinen. Vor‐ bestellungen an den Verlag Chemie, GmbH., Weinheim/Bergstrsße, (Bestellschein im Anzeigenteil). kurz der Entwicklungsgang technischer Druck‐ und Hochdruck‐Verfahren erläutert und damit ein Einblick in den langen, mühsamen und kostspieligen Weg gegeben, der von de‐ Auffindung never Reaktionen im Laboratorium und ihrer laboratoriumsmäßigen Durcharbeitung über den halbtechnischen zum technischen und schließlich großtechnischen Maßstab führt. Von den beiden herausgegriffenen Beispielen für den großtechnischen Entwicklungsgang wird in dieser Fortsetzung die fabrikatorische Herstellung der Vinyläther behandelt. Sie ist auf dem Gebiet der vom Verfasser geschaffenen Acetylen‐Druck‐Chemie das erste Verfahren, das durch ihn in die Großtechnik übergeführt worden ist. Diese Tat stellt nicht nur einen bedeutsamen Abschnitt in der Entwicklung der chemischen Technik dar, sie ist darüber hinaus der Beginn einer neuen Richtung der organischen Chemie, die in ihren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von größter Tragweite ist. Die Schriftleitung
Automated Estimation of the Phase Between Thoracic and Abdominal Movement Signals (2005)

This paper presents a new procedure for the automated estimation of the phase relation between thoracic and abdominal breathing signals measured by inductance plethysmography (RIP). This estimation is achieved using linear filters, binary converters and an exclusive-or gate. The filters are designed offline from prior knowledge of the spectrum of subjects' respiration, reducing computational complexity and providing on-line processing capabilities. Some numerical results based on simulated time series and infant respiration data are provided, showing that the new method is less biased than the Pearson correlation method, commonly used for assessment of thoracoabdominal asynchrony. Our method offers further advantages: 1) it works with uncalibrated measurements; 2) it provides quantitative phase estimates with no need to estimate the underlying frequency of the breathing signals; 3) it does not require nonconvex optimization search algorithms; and 4) it is easy to implement and to automate.
Summary of drive-train component technology in helicopters (1984)

A review of current helicopters was conducted to determine the technology in the drive-train systems. The design features are highlighted including reliability characteristics in transmission systems for the OH-58, UH-1, CH-47, and UH-60 helicopters. In addition, trade-offs involving cost, reliability and life are discussed.
Approximate selection rules for resonance Raman spectroscopy (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApproximate selection rules for resonance Raman spectroscopyJ. M. Friedman and R. M. HochstrasserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 14, 4043–4048Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00430a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00430a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BranchyNet: Fast Inference via Early Exiting from Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Deep neural networks are state of the art methods for many learning tasks due to their ability to extract increasingly better features at each network layer. However, the improved performance of additional layers in a deep network comes at the cost of added latency and energy usage in feedforward inference. As networks continue to get deeper and larger, these costs become more prohibitive for real-time and energy-sensitive applications. To address this issue, we present BranchyNet, a novel deep network architecture that is augmented with additional side branch classifiers. The architecture allows prediction results for a large portion of test samples to exit the network early via these branches when samples can already be inferred with high confidence. BranchyNet exploits the observation that features learned at an early layer of a network may often be sufficient for the classification of many data points. For more difficult samples, which are expected less frequently, BranchyNet will use further or all network layers to provide the best likelihood of correct prediction. We study the BranchyNet architecture using several well-known networks (LeNet, AlexNet, ResNet) and datasets (MNIST, CIFAR10) and show that it can both improve accuracy and significantly reduce the inference time of the network.
Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in Air by Silver Permanganate (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Carbon Monoxide in Air by Silver PermanganateMorris Katz and Sophie HalpernCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 2, 345–352Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50482a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50482a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Expression analysis of 0-series gangliosides in human cancer cell lines with monoclonal antibodies generated using knockout mice of ganglioside synthase genes (2016)

Some gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, have been considered as tumor-associated antigens. GD1α or a GD1α synthase gene ST6GalNAc5 was reported to be involved in the metastasis of murine lymphomas or human breast cancers, respectively. But expression patterns of 0-series gangliosides GD1α and its precursor GM1b in human cancers have not yet been investigated mainly due to lack of specific antibodies. We established specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with GD1α or GM1b using gangliosides from brain tissues of GM3 synthase (St3gal5)-deficient mice as immunogens. We used GM2/GD2 synthase (B4galnt1)-deficient mice to immunize by liposomes embedded with GD1α or acidic glycolipid fractions from brain of St3gal5-deficient mice. Specificities of established mAbs as analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thin-layer chromatography-immunostaining were very high among various gangliosides. Increased expression of GD1α and reduced GM1b in the St6galnac5 cDNA-transfected RAW117 cell line also substantiated the specificities of two mAbs. Then, we analyzed expression of GD1α and GM1b, and of relevant glycosyltransferase genes in various human cancer cell lines using generated anti-GD1α mAb 122 or anti-GM1b mAb MR155A-7. A few human cancer cell lines showed significant expression of these gangliosides with reasonable expression of relevant glycosyltransferase genes.
Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Modulate Rat Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in vitro (1989)

Arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to modulate the secretion of various hormones, including luteinizing hormone, growth hormone and adrenocorticotropin. In this paper we describe the effect of a series of eicosanoids on hypothalamic secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in vitro. Explanted rat hypothalami in culture were exposed to prostaglandins (PG) F2 alpha or E2, thromboxane (TX) B2, the TXA2 receptor agonist U-49,619 and leukotrienes (LT) B4, C4 and D4 at concentrations ranging from 10(-15) to 10(-5) M. PGE2, LTD4 and TXB2 did not alter hypothalamic CRH secretion. On the other hand, the remaining eicosanoids tested induced a significant increase of hypothalamic CRH secretion (p less than 0.05). The concentration of 10(-11) M dexamethasone inhibited the effect of stimulatory eicosanoids on CRH secretion. The CRH response to U-49,619 was completely prevented by the TXA2 receptor antagonist SQ-29,548. The latter also inhibited serotonin (5-HT)-, acetylcholine (ACh)- and PGF2 alpha-induced CRH release. Indomethacin was capable of blocking the secretion of CRH induced by 5-HT and ACh. In addition, PGE2 inhibited the increase of CRH secretion induced by PGF2 alpha, 5-HT and ACh. These findings suggest that eicosanoids may be involved in the regulation of hypothalamic CRH secretion, either as autocrine/paracrine or as endocrine factors.
Immune dysregulation in cancer patients developing immune-related adverse events (2018)

Patients who developed irAEs have lower baseline levels and greater post-treatment increases in multiple cytokine levels, suggesting that underlying immune dysregulation may be associated with heightened risk for irAEs.
Phenotypic, functional, and molecular genetic comparisons of the abnormal lymphoid cells of C3H-<i>lpr/lpr</i> and C3H-<i>gld/gld</i> mice. (1986)

Lymph node cells from C3H mice homozygous for lpr and gld were compared for expression of cell surface antigens, lectin-binding sites, functional characteristics, expression of ecotropic MuLV, and organization of Ig and T cell receptor (TcR) beta-chain genes. The abnormal cells (Ly-2-/L3T4-) populating nodes of both mutant strains were specifically purified by using plate separation techniques. The purified abnormal cells were shown to express the beta-chain of the TcR, to exhibit rearrangements of the beta-chain genes, and to express TcR beta and alpha gene mRNA, demonstrating the T cell origin of these populations. FMF analyses of the separated abnormal cells showed them to be Thy-1+, Ly-1+, Ly-2-, L3T4-, Ly-5(B220)+, Ly-6+, Ly-22+, Ly-24+, sIg-, ThB-, Ia-, HSA-/+, and PC.1+ and to bind at high levels lectins that normally bind preferentially to B cells. These cells did not proliferate or generate CTL in response to stimulation with alloantigens, and supernatants of cells stimulated with Con A were devoid of IL 2. These characteristics do not correspond to those of any known immature or mature population of normal T cells. The findings that the abnormal T cells of lpr and gld homozygotes are indistinguishable for each parameter examined support the suggestion that these mutations may affect different enzymes in a common metabolic pathway of major importance to T cell differentiation and function.
Locomotor adaptation on a split-belt treadmill can improve walking symmetry post-stroke (2007)

Human locomotion must be flexible in order to meet varied environmental demands. Alterations to the gait pattern occur on different time scales, ranging from fast, reactive adjustments to slower, more persistent adaptations. A recent study in humans demonstrated that the cerebellum plays a key role in slower walking adaptations in interlimb coordination during split-belt treadmill walking, but not fast reactive changes. It is not known whether cerebral structures are also important in these processes, though some studies of cats have suggested that they are not. We used a split-belt treadmill walking task to test whether cerebral damage from stroke impairs either type of flexibility. Thirteen individuals who had sustained a single stroke more than 6 months prior to the study (four females) and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were recruited to participate in the study. Results showed that stroke involving cerebral structures did not impair either reactive or adaptive abilities and did not disrupt storage of new interlimb relationships (i.e. after-effects). This suggests that cerebellar interactions with brainstem, rather than cerebral structures, comprise the critical circuit for this type of interlimb control. Furthermore, the after-effects from a 15-min adaptation session could temporarily induce symmetry in subjects who demonstrated baseline asymmetry of spatiotemporal gait parameters. In order to re-establish symmetric walking, the choice of which leg is on the fast belt during split-belt walking must be based on the subject's initial asymmetry. These findings demonstrate that cerebral stroke survivors are indeed able to adapt interlimb coordination. This raises the possibility that asymmetric walking patterns post-stroke could be remediated utilizing the split-belt treadmill as a long-term rehabilitation strategy.
Immobilization of L‐asparaginase into a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)‐albumin hydrogel: evaluation of performance in vivo (1997)

The L-asparaginase of Escherichia coli (ASNase) is currently used in combination with antineoplastic drugs to treat various lymphoblastic leukaemias. However, its use is limited by severe immunological reactions and the short serum half-life associated with the enzyme. Immobilization of ASNase into a biocompatible matrix can greatly decrease the immunogenicity of the enzyme, increase its half-life in vivo and its therapeutic index. Thus the E. coli ASNase was immobilized in a biocompatible hydrogel made of rat serum albumin and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG; molecular mass 10 kDa). The effectiveness of this enzymic bioreactor to deplete serum L-asparagine was evaluated after its peritoneal implantation in rats. Seven units of immobilized ASNase/rat depleted serum asparagine to an undetectable level (< 1 microM) during 6 days, while 5 units of immobilized ASNase/rat decreased the level of serum asparagine by 85-90% during at least 2 days. Under both conditions asparagine levels returned to normal about 10 days after surgery, and hydrogels still retained 80% of their enzymic activity when assayed in vitro. After 10-14 days in vivo, hydrogels became opaque and surrounded by a fibrotic capsule with a few inflammatory sites. Nevertheless, the enzymic hydrogel showed great stability in vivo, and, after 4 months of implantation, 12% of the initial ASNase activity was still present. At 6 months, histological analysis showed stabilization of the fibrotic capsule thickness. Assays on the levels of ASNase and asparagine synthetase indicated an induction of the latter activity, mainly in the pancreas when compared with the level observed in spleen or liver. ELISA tests at 28 days and 120 days showed the presence of anti-ASNase (and, in lower amounts, anti-PEG) antibodies in sera of implanted rats. As observed with other enzyme-immobilization systems used in vivo, the formation of fibroblast-like cell layers around the implant, which block the translocation of the substrate into the enzymic matrix, is the major factor affecting the performance and longevity of the bioreactor.
Absolute measurement of very low sodium-vapor densities using laser resonance fluorescence* (1975)

By use of a cw dye laser, the resonance-fluorescence method is used to make absolute density measurements of sodium vapor from 102 atoms/cm3 at −28 °C to 1011 atoms/cm3 at 144 °C. The results are compared with other measurements at higher temperature by a thermodynamic analysis. A new vapor-pressure curve is derived, which is slightly different from previous curves based on the higher-temperature measurements. The application of laser resonance fluorescence to other species is also discussed. In particular, a scheme for detecting sodium-quark atoms, if they exist, with a sensitivity of nq/nB ~ 10−15, is proposed.
Millimeter-Wave Transmittance and Reflectance Measurement on Pure and Diluted Carbonyl Iron (2009)

Transmittance and reflectance measurements on highly absorbing carbonyl iron materials over a broad millimeter-wave frequency range have been performed. The frequency dependence of the complex dielectric permittivity of a carbonyl iron diluted composite and pure powdered materials has been determined in the millimeter waves for the first time. The measurements have been employed using a free-space quasi-optical millimeter-wave spectrometer equipped with a set of high-power backward-wave oscillators as sources of coherent radiation, which are tunable in the range from 30 to 120 GHz. A significant transmission zone of millimeter-wave radiation at a frequency around 60 GHz has been observed in the transmittance spectra for the carbonyl iron materials.
T-Cell Costimulation and Coinhibition in Atherosclerosis (2008)

Evidence from many human and rodent studies has established that T lymphocytes enhance inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques and contribute to lesion progression and remodeling. Recent work also indicates that regulatory T cells are important in limiting proatherogenic T-cell responses. Given the important role of T cells in atherosclerosis, there is a need to fully understand how proatherogenic T cells are activated and regulated. Antigen-dependent activation of naïve T cells, leading to clonal expansion and effector T-cell differentiation, and effector and memory T cells, is enhanced by signals provided by costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen presenting cells, which bind to receptors on the T cells. In addition, T-cell responses to antigen are negatively regulated by coinhibitory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, which bind to receptors on T cells. Two major families of costimulatory molecules include the B7 and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) families. These molecules bind to receptors on T cells belonging to the CD28 or TNF receptor families, respectively. The best-defined coinhibitors and their receptors belong to the B7 and CD28 families. Recent work has begun to define how these T-cell costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways influence atherosclerosis, largely in mouse models of the disease. Profound effects are attributable to molecules in both the B7/CD28 (B7-1/2, ICOS, and PDL-1/2) and the TNF/TNF receptor (CD40, OX40, and CD137) families. One emerging theme is that both pathogenic effector T-cell responses and regulatory T cells are influenced by overlapping sets of costimulators and coinhibitors. These complexities must be considered as immunotherapeutic approaches for atherosclerotic disease are developed.