gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size and Share of Customer Wallet (2007)

Many companies collect substantial information about their interactions with their customers. Yet information about their customers' transactions with competing firms is often sparse or nonexistent. As a result, firms are often compelled to manage customer relationships from an inward view of their customers. However, the empirical analysis in this study indicates that (1) the volume of customers' transactions within a firm has little correlation with the volume of their transactions with the firm's competitors and (2) a small percentage of customers account for a large portion of all the external transactions, suggesting the considerable potential to increase sales if these customers can be correctly identified and incentivized to switch. Thus, the authors argue for a more outward view in customer relationship management and develop a list augmentation–based approach to augment firms' internal records with insights into their customers' relationships with competing firms, including the size of each customer's wallet and the firm's share of it.
Mass spectra of doubly heavy baryons in the relativistic quark model (2002)

Mass spectra of baryons consisting of two heavy $(b$ or $c)$ and one light quark are calculated in the framework of the relativistic quark model. The light-quark--heavy-diquark structure of the baryon is assumed. Under this assumption the ground and excited states of both the diquark and quark-diquark bound system are considered. The quark-diquark potential is constructed. The light quark is treated completely relativistically, while the expansion in the inverse heavy quark mass is used revealing the close similarity with the mass spectra of B and D mesons. We find that the relativistic treatment of the light quark plays an important role. The level inversion of the p-wave excitations of the light quark in doubly heavy baryons is discussed.
Function of the Protein RPE65 in the Visual Cycle (2005)

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.
Development and application of a suite of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes for analyzing plant cell walls (2006)

To facilitate analysis of plant cell wall polysaccharide structure and composition, we cloned 74 genes encoding polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Neurospora crassa and expressed the genes as secreted proteins with C-terminal Myc and 6x His tags. Most of the recombinant enzymes were active in enzyme assays, and optima for pH and temperature were established. A subset of the enzymes was used to fragment polysaccharides from the irregular xylem 9 (irx9) mutant of Arabidopsis. The analysis revealed a decrease in the abundance of xylan in the mutant, indicating that the IRX9 gene, which encodes a putative family 43 glycosyltransferase, is required for xylan synthesis.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transactivator protein, tat, stimulates transcriptional read-through of distal terminator sequences in vitro. (1993)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transactivator protein, tat, specifically stimulates transcription from the viral long terminal repeat. We used cell-free transcription systems to test whether tat can stimulate transcriptional read-through of an artificial terminator sequence (e.g., a stable RNA stem-loop structure followed by a tract of nine uridine residues) placed downstream of the viral long terminal repeat. In the absence of tat, RNA polymerases are prematurely released from the template at the terminator sequence. Recombinant tat protein purified from Escherichia coli increased the synthesis of full-length transcripts approximately 25-fold and decreased the amount of transcripts ending at the terminator sequence. The reaction is strictly dependent upon the presence of a functional transactivation-responsive region (TAR) sequence. Mutations in the tat binding site on TAR RNA and mutations in the TAR RNA loop block transactivation in vivo. Neither type of mutation is able to respond to tat in vitro. These results strongly suggest that after transcription through the TAR region, tat modifies the transcription complex to increase its elongation capacity.
CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells and Complement Independently Mediate Graft Ischemia in the Rejection of Mouse Orthotopic Tracheal Transplants (2011)

These studies demonstrated that CD4(+) T cells and complement operate independently to cause transplant ischemia during acute rejection and that sustained ischemia is a precursor to chronic rejection.
Atorvastatin inhibition of cytokine‐inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in native endothelial cells<i>in situ</i> (2002)

Animal experimental studies have demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression correlates with neointima formation and is prevented by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). In the present study we have investigated the underlying mechanism of action of these drugs in isolated segments of the rat aorta. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) plus interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) synergistically induce iNOS gene expression in the endothelium but not in the smooth muscle of these segments while constitutive endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) abundance was markedly reduced. Pre-treatment with 1 - 10 microM atorvastatin, cerivastatin or pravastatin decreased TNFalpha plus IFNgamma stimulated iNOS expression in the endothelium irrespective of the presence of the HMG-CoA reductase product mevalonate (400 microM). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments confirmed that the combination of TNFalpha plus IFNgamma causes activation of the transcription factors STAT-1 and NF-kappaB in native endothelial cells. Neutralization of these transcription factors by employing the corresponding decoy oligonucleotides confirmed their involvement in TNFalpha plus IFNgamma stimulated iNOS expression. Translocation of both transcription factors was attenuated by atorvastatin, and this effect was insensitive to exogenous mevalonate. The present findings thus demonstrate a specific HMG-CoA reductase-independent inhibitory effect of statins, namely atorvastatin, on cytokine-stimulated transcription factor activation in native endothelial cells in situ and the subsequent expression of a gene product implicated in vascular inflammation. This effect may be therapeutically relevant and in addition provide an explanation for the reported rapid onset of action of these drugs in humans.
Migration of hepatic stellate cells in fibrotic microenvironment of diseased liver model. (2008)

The study provides valuable insights into the role of the space of Disse microenvironment in regulating the migratory behavior of HSCs. TGF-beta1, PDGF-BB and EGF, which increase in liver fibrosis, induce the migration of activated HSCs. However, bFGF and VEGF have no effect although they also increase during liver fibrosis.
Hardware Generation of Arbitrary Random Number Distributions From Uniform Distributions Via the Inversion Method (2007)

We present an automated methodology for producing hardware-based random number generator (RNG) designs for arbitrary distributions using the inverse cumulative distribution function (ICDF). The ICDF is evaluated via piecewise polynomial approximation with a hierarchical segmentation scheme that involves uniform segments and segments with size varying by powers of two which can adapt to local function nonlinearities. Analytical error analysis is used to guarantee accuracy to one unit in the last place (ulp). Compact and efficient RNGs that can reach arbitrary multiples of the standard deviation sigma can be generated. For instance, a Gaussian RNG based on our approach for a Xilinx Virtex-4 XC4VLX100-12 field-programmable gate array produces 16-bit random samples up to 8.2 sigma. It occupies 487 slices, 2 block-RAMs, and 2 DSP-blocks. The design is capable of running at 371 MHz and generates one sample every clock cycle.
Quinone activation of protoporphyrinogen oxidase of barley plastids (1991)

Abstract Protoporphyrinogen oxidase catalyzing the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin is the target enzyme for several highly active herbicides. The plastidic plant enzyme under normal conditions uses oxygen as electron acceptor. Duroquinone, however, can be an alternative electron acceptor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase of barley plastids. In this respect the enzyme from the plastids may be an evolutionary intermediate between bacterial enzymes coupled to ubiquinone and mammalian mitochondrial enzymes coupled to oxygen.
Heterogeneous chip multiprocessors (2005)

Heterogeneous (or asymmetric) chip multiprocessors present unique opportunities for improving system throughput, reducing processor power, and mitigating Amdahl's law. On-chip heterogeneity allow the processor to better match execution resources to each application's needs and to address a much wider spectrum of system loads - from low to high thread parallelism - with high efficiency.
The maximin algorithm for adaptive arrays and frequency-hopping communications (1984)

An algorithm is described for maximizing of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of an adaptive array. The algorithm discriminates between the desired signal and any interference on the basis of the spectral characteristics of frequency-hopping signals. The algorithm maximizes the SINR by maximizing the desired.signal output power while simultaneously minimizing the interference-plus-noise output power. Rapid convergence of the weights to the steady-state values is achieved by the adjustment of the loop gain as a function of the estimated SINR at each iteration. Implementation of the algorithm in conjunction with a frequency-hopping modem is explained. Computer simulation results describe both the steady-state and transient responses of the system under various jamming conditions. The results indicate a rapid dynamic response and the steering of deep nulls over a wide range of the SINR.
Brood Pheromone Regulates Foraging Activity of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (2004)

Brood pheromone modulated the foraging behavior of commercial honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies pollinating a 10-ha market garden of cucumber, Cucurbita pepo L., and zucchini, Cucumis sativus L., in Texas in late autumn. Six colonies were randomly selected to receive 2,000 larval equivalents of brood pheromone and six received a blank control. The ratio of pollen to nonpollen foragers entering colonies was significantly greater in pheromone-treated colonies 1 h after treatment. Pheromone-treated foragers returned with pollen load weights that were significantly heavier than controls. Pollen returned by pheromone-treated foragers was 43% more likely to originate from the target crop. Number of pollen grains washed from the bodies of nonpollen foragers from pheromone-treated colonies was significantly greater than controls and the pollen was 54% more likely to originate from the target crop. Increasing the foraging stimulus environment with brood pheromone increased colony-level foraging and individual forager efforts. Brood pheromone is a promising technology for increasing the pollination activity and efficiency of commercial honey bee colonies.
An approach to predictive detection for service management (2003)

Service providers typically define quality of service problems using threshold tests, such as "are HTTP operations greater than 12 per second on server XYZ?" This paper explores the feasibility of predicting violations of threshold tests. Such a capability would allow providers to take corrective actions in advance of service disruptions. Our approach estimates the probability of threshold violations for specific times in the future. We modeled the threshold metric (e.g., HTTP operations per second) at two levels: (1) nonstationary behavior (as is done in workload forecasting for capacity planning) and (2) stationary, time-serial dependencies. Using these models, we compute the probability of threshold violations. We asses our approach using measurements of HTTP operations per second collected from a production Web server. These assessments suggest that our approach works well if: (a) the actual values of predicted metrics are sufficiently distant from their thresholds; and/or (b) the prediction horizon is not too far into the future.
Bandwidth Allocation Mechanism based on Users' Web Usage Patterns for Campus Networks (2022)

Managing the bandwidth in campus networks becomes a challenge in recent years. The limited bandwidth resource and continuous growth of users make the IT managers think on the strategies concerning bandwidth allocation. This paper introduces a mechanism for allocating bandwidth based on the users’ web usage patterns. The main purpose is to set a higher bandwidth to the users who are inclined to browsing educational websites compared to those who are not. In attaining this proposed technique, some stages need to be done. These are the preprocessing of the weblogs, class labeling of the dataset, computation of the feature subspaces, training for the development of the ANN for LDA/GSVD algorithm, visualization, and bandwidth allocation. The proposed method was applied to real weblogs from university’s proxy servers. The results indicate that the proposed method is useful in classifying those users who used the internet in an educational way and those who are not. Thus, the developed ANN for LDA/GSVD algorithm outperformed the existing algorithm up to 50% which indicates that this approach is efficient. Further, based on the results, few users browsed educational contents. Through this mechanism, users will be encouraged to use the internet for educational purposes. Moreover, IT managers can make better plans to optimize the distribution of bandwidth.
Integrin Alpha-9 Mediates Lymphatic Valve Formation in Corneal Lymphangiogenesis (2015)

Itga-9 is critically involved in corneal lymphatic valve formation. Further investigation of the Itga-9 pathway may provide novel strategies to treat lymphatic-related diseases occurring both inside and outside the eye.
Current Transients in Single Nanoparticle Collision Events (2008)

Electrochemical hydrazine oxidation and proton reduction occur at a significantly higher rate at Pt than at Au or C electrodes. Thus, the collision and adhesion of a Pt particle on a less active Au or C electrode leads to a large current amplification by electrocatalysis at single nanoparticles (NPs). At low particle concentrations, the collision of Pt NPs was characterized by current transients composed of individual current profiles that rapidly attained a steady state, signaling single NP collisions. The characteristic steady-state current was used to estimate the particle size. The fluctuation in collision frequency with time indicates that the collision of NPs at the detector electrodes occurs in a statistically random manner, with the average frequency a function of particle concentration and diffusion coefficient. A longer term current decay in single current transients, as opposed to the expected steady-state behavior, was more pronounced for proton reduction than for hydrazine oxidation, revealing microscopic details of the nature of the particle interaction with the detector electrode and the kinetics of electrocatalysis at single NPs. The study of single NP collisions allows one to screen particle size distributions and estimate NP concentrations and diffusion coefficients.
Design of Rate-Compatible Irregular Repeat Accumulate Codes (2007)

We consider the design of efficient rate-compatible (RC) irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes over a wide code rate range. The goal is to provide a family of RC codes to achieve high throughput in hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme for high-speed data packet wireless systems. As a subclass of low-density parity-check codes, IRA codes have an extremely simple encoder and a low-complexity decoder while providing capacity approaching performance. We focus on a hybrid design method which employs both puncturing and extending. We propose a simple puncturing method based on minimizing the maximal recoverable step of the punctured nodes. We also propose a new extending scheme for IRA codes by introducing the degree-1 parity bits for the lower rate codes and obtaining the optimal proportions of extended nodes through density evolution analysis. The throughput performance of the designed RC-IRA codes in hybrid ARQ is evaluated for both AWGN and block fading channels. Simulation results demonstrate that our designed RC codes offer good error correction performance over a wide rate range and provide high throughput, especially in the high and low signal-to-noise ratio regions.
Constitutively elevated levels of ornithine and polyamines in mouse epidermal papillomas (1991)

Epidermal papillomas were induced in CD-1 mice by a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) followed by twice weekly applications of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in acetone. Control groups consisted of mice treated singly or chronically with acetone or TPA. TPA induced a rapid, yet transient 500- to 1000-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity which resulted in a 2- to 8.4-fold elevation of putrescine in both singly or chronically TPA-treated mouse epidermis 4-6 h after its application. After 24 h, levels of spermidine, but not spermine, were also elevated. The ODC and arginase activities in the 11 individual papillomas studied averaged 400- and 26-fold higher respectively than basal levels in epidermis. The activity of ODC in most papillomas, unlike ODC in epidermis, could be stimulated by guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP). Putrescine and spermidine levels in papillomas, especially those exhibiting highly GTP-stimulated ODC, were substantially higher compared to either normal or TPA-treated epidermis. Although epidermis contains a relatively high ornithine content, its level is even further elevated in papillomas, in some cases as much as 70-fold. The consequences of the constitutively elevated polyamine levels in papillomas caused by the loss of control over the normally tightly regulated polyamine biosynthetic pathway are not known, but could be important in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation in this self-renewing epithelial tissue.
Composite Reliability Evaluation Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Least Squares Support Vector Classifier (2011)

This paper presents a fast and efficient method which combines the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) classifier, for reliability evaluation of composite power system. LSSVM is used to accurately pre-classify the power system operating states as either success or failure states during the Monte Carlo sampling. These pre-classified failure states are then evaluated for adequacy analysis using DC power flow to calculate reliability indices. As a result, the computing time to perform power flow analysis of the system success states is eliminated. The proposed hybrid method is applied to the IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS-79) and simulation results obtained using LSSVM with linear and nonlinear kernels are compared with that of nonsequential MCS. These promising results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed MCS-LSSVM based hybrid method in terms of both classification accuracy and computational time in evaluating the composite power system reliability.
Short-duration therapy with terbinafine for dermatophyteonychomycosis: A multicentre trial (1992)

Terbinafine, an orally active antifungal agent, is effective in the treatment of dermatophyte onychomycosis when given for 12 months in the case of toenail infection (TN) and 6 months for fingernail infection (FN). The rapid response and short mycological cure time indicate a potential for a reduced treatment duration. In this multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 112 patients with mycologically proven dermatophyte onychomycosis were given 250 mg/day of terbinafine for 3 months. Twenty-seven patients were excluded, leaving 85 fully evaluable [average age 44 (range 19-78) years; 55 men; 75 TN, 10 FN]. Forty-nine of the TN patients and seven of the FN patients received terbinafine. At the end of the follow-up period, the TN mycological cure rate with active treatment was 82% (37/45), but no patient taking placebo maintained mycological cure (P less than 0.001). Of the FN patients treated with active drug, 71% (5/7) achieved mycological cure at the end of follow-up. Minor side-effects occurred in 41% of the placebo-treated group compared with 33% of those taking terbinafine. These adverse events were mainly gastrointestinal. Two patients taking terbinafine discontinued treatment--one with tonsillitis and another with diarrhoea. In conclusion, 3-month treatment with terbinafine is effective, well tolerated and safe in dermatophyte onychomycosis. Short-duration therapy for this indication represents a major therapeutic advance.
Why Doctors Prescribe Opioids to Known Opioid Abusers (2012)

Sixty percent of the opioids that are abused in the U.S. are obtained through a physician's prescription. Changes in philosophy about pain treatment, trends in attitudes toward suffering, and financial disincentives for treating addiction contribute to this problem.
Energetische Analysen für Strahlplattenheizungen (2021)

Deckenstrahlplatten stellen in Großräumen ein typisches System zur Wärmeübergabe dar. Das wasserbasierte System ist hierbei an ein hydraulisches Verteilsystem angeschlossen und kann mit unterschiedlichen Erzeugungssystemen betrieben werden. Für Wärmeerzeuger (Brennwertgeräte/KWK-Systeme oder Wärmepumpen) liegen umfangreiche, energetische Untersuchungen unter verschiedensten Randbedingungen vor. Auf der Wärmeübergabeseite, zu denen Deckenstrahlplatten gehören, sind die Analysen derzeit jedoch begrenzt. Die nachfolgende Veröffentlichung fokussiert auf den Aspekt der Wärmeübergabe und stellt neue energetische Erkenntnisse im Bereich der Deckenstrahlplatten vor.
Diabetes-related molecular signatures in infrared spectra of human saliva (2010)

Infrared spectroscopy may represent an appropriate tool with which to identify novel diseases mechanisms, risk factors for diabetic complications and markers of therapeutic efficacy. Further study into the potential utility of infrared spectroscopy as diagnostic and prognostic tool for diabetes is warranted.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions. Primary success, restenosis, and long-term clinical follow-up. (1992)

In well-selected cases, the success rate for angioplasty of chronic total occlusion is acceptable. Furthermore, long-term clinical benefit is suggested by the high freedom from coronary surgery, myocardial infarction, and death in the patients who underwent successful revascularization.