gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasticizer factors influencing take‐up by PVC resins (1999)

Abstract The ease with which plasticizer is combined with poly(vinyl chloride) resin is a measure of processing characteristics critical in the dry blending of suspension PVC and the gelation of plastisols. By using commercial grade plasticizers, this study developed predictive equations for the following processing parameters of dialkyl phthalates in PVC: Relative dry‐blend rates in suspension PVC as a function of plasticizer viscosity. Relative initial gelation temperatures in plastisols as a function of plasticizer molecular weight and solvating strength. Relative final gelation temperatures in plastisols as a function of plasticizer solvating strength. This information allows one to predict the relative processing characteristics of any dialkyl phthalate plasticizer for PVC on the basis of its chemical and physical properties.
Ninety-day Local Tolerability and Toxicity Study of ND0612, a Novel Formulation of Levodopa/Carbidopa, Administered by Subcutaneous Continuous Infusion in Minipigs (2017)

A 90-day study in Göttingen minipigs was conducted to test the local tolerability and systemic toxicity of ND0612, a novel aqueous solution of carbidopa (CD)/levodopa (LD) intended for the treatment of Parkinson's disease by continuous subcutaneous administration using a discrete infusion pump. To evaluate tissue site reactions, we used a unique study design involving multiple infusion sites to evaluate the effect of dose per site (270/63, 360/45, and 360/84 mg LD/CD), volume of infusion per site (4.5 and 6 ml per site), formulation concentration (60/14 and 60/7.5 mg/ml LD/CD), daily rate of infusion per site (240 μl/hr for16 hr and 80 μl/hr for 8 hr, 320 μl/hr for 16 hr and 100 μl/hr for 8 hr, or 750 μl/hr for 8 hr), frequency (once every 5, 10, 15, or 20 days), and number of infusions (4, 6, or 9) to the same infusion site. No systemic adverse effects were observed. Histopathological changes at infusion sites started with localized minimal necrosis and acute inflammation that progressed to subacute and chronic inflammatory and reparative changes with evidence of progressive recovery following the final infusion. None of the infusion site effects were judged to be adverse, and clinical exposures to ND0612 are not expected to result in adverse responses.
New Network Architectures (2001)

A simple layered architecture for information networks is introduced. It is argued that the greatest challenge for the coming generations of networks is integration of old legacy with new and the convergence of LANS, WANS, telecommunication and data networks. These are reviewed historically, contrasting connectionless, packet-based with circuit-switched alternatives, the development of the Internet and the Intelligent Network, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and IP. At the higher layers, mobile agents are discussed and distributed computing architectures such as DCE and CORBA explained.
Advances in Algorithms for Time-Dependent Recommender Systems (2014)

Nowadays, Online Social Networks have given the opportunity to users to share their interests. Moreover Location-Based Social Network added the location factor giving a new perspective to users' check-ins in POIs through smartphones. There are three main parameters characterizing these networks: mobility, proximity and periodicity. Here, we argue that periodicity is a significant upcoming trend in recommender systems. In particular, we present an extended comparison among 9 recommendation frameworks and their structural components. Moreover, we examine whether they provide personalized recommendations or not, the recommendation type they support, the data factors/features they use, the preferred methodology with which they model the problem and the data representation model they have chosen. By gathering this information we give an overview of the techniques and the features used and define new trends in this domain. The main factor is time that refines the final recommendation revealing relations among entities, which can increase accuracy of the proposals.
Enhanced adhesion of ligand‐conjugated biodegradable particles to colitic venules (2005)

The expression of certain endothelial cell adhesion molecules (ECAMs) is increased in the vasculature of the inflamed bowel (e.g., colitis), thereby providing an opportunity for targeted drug delivery. We recently demonstrated that biodegradable particles conjugated with ligands to ECAMs exhibit significant selective adhesion to ECAM expressing endothelium. In the present study, we used a murine model of colitis to determine whether poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) particles conjugated with a VCAM-1 ligand (alpha-V) exhibit enhanced adhesion to colitic vasculature. In post-capillary venules of the colon, significantly more alpha-V particles accumulate in colitic mice relative to (i) control mice (i.e., selectivity) and (ii) particles bearing a control ligand (i.e., ligand efficiency). The selectivity and ligand efficiency of alpha-V particles were a function of the total number of particles infused. The highest selectivity observed within our test regime was 3, while ligand efficiency increased linearly with the number of particles injected to a value of 24. This work represents a significant step towards achieving a targeted drug delivery scheme for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and indicates that the efficiency of targeting is dependent on the dose regime.
mTOR links incretin signaling to HIF induction in pancreatic beta cells (2011)

Under feeding conditions, the incretin hormone GLP-1 promotes pancreatic islet viability by triggering the cAMP pathway in beta cells. Increases in PKA activity stimulate the phosphorylation of CREB, which in turn enhances beta cell survival by upregulating IRS2 expression. Although sustained GLP-1 action appears important for its salutary effects on islet function, the transient nature of CREB activation has pointed to the involvement of additional nuclear factors in this process. Following the acute induction of CREB-regulated genes, cAMP triggers a second delayed phase of gene expression that proceeds via the HIF transcription factor. Increases in cAMP promote the accumulation of HIF1α in beta cells by activating the mTOR pathway. As exposure to rapamycin disrupts GLP-1 effects on beta cell viability, these results demonstrate how a pathway associated with tumor growth also mediates salutary effects of an incretin hormone on pancreatic islet function.
.NET and COM: The Complete Interoperability Guide (2002)

From the Publisher:

The focus of the book is on COM Interoperability (since it's a much larger subject), and the heart of the discussion is broken down into four parts:
Using COM Components Within the .NET Framework
Using .NET Framework Components from COM
Designing Good .NET Framework Components for COM Clients
Designing Good COM Components for .NET Framework Clients


The scope of the book is just about everything related to using unmanaged code in the .NET Framework. Technologies built on top of COM Interoperability are also covered-Interoperability of Windows Forms Controls and ActiveX controls, Interoperability with COM+, and Interoperability with Distributed COM (DCOM). Although Platform Invocation Services is a separate technology from COM Interoperability, there are many areas of overlap, so including in the book is a natural fit. All of these technologies are a core part of the Common Language Runtime and .NET Framework, and will likely be used not only as the path of migration for existing software projects, but for brand new software development for the next several years.
Stabilization of diode laser output by beveled-end fiber coupling (1980)

A new laser-to-fiber coupling scheme, which eliminates unstable phenomena caused by optical feedback, is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. This coupling module contains a packaged diode laser, two lenses, and a beveled-end fiber. Depending on the beveled angle, the reflected light beam from the fiber will be displaced with respect to the emitted light beam at the laser facet, and stabilization of laser output power and spectrum are achieved.
Sequential poly(ester amide)s based on glycine, diols, and dicarboxylic acids: Thermal polyesterification versus interfacial polyamidation. Characterization of polymers containing stiff units (2001)

Abstract Sequential poly(ester amide)s derived from glycine were synthesized by a two‐step method, involving a final thermal polyesterification. Molecular weights were in general higher than those obtained with the previously reported synthesis on the basis of interfacial polyamidation. Polymers with stiff units like oxaloyl or terephthaloyl residues were thermally characterized and their degradability studied by using different types of enzymes. Polymers containing short diols are degradable in papain solutions, the degradation rate being higher for oxalic derivatives. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 4283–4293, 2001
Marking the end of the twentieth century. A suggestion for an IUSSP project on the millenium. (1996)

This essay proposes that the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population mark the end of the 20th century by initiating a study of the changes which have occurred in the last century rather than embarking on a prediction of what lies ahead in the 21st century. A study of the demographic changes which have occurred could focus on the neglected topic of whether ideas about survival and fertility arose simultaneously in diverse parts of the world or diffused from Western Europe and North America. A small interdisciplinary Steering Committee could direct a series of regional studies in which, for each region, a committee of scholars would answer a few key questions about the driving forces behind the health and fertility transitions. Papers commissioned by each regional committee would become chapters in a book which would be published as part of a series encompassing each region of the world. The kinds of topics which could be addressed include 1) the process and pattern of fertility and mortality transitions, 2) World War I and growing awareness of public responsibility for ill-health, 3) the spread of the germ theory of disease, 4) contraception and the family planning movement, 5) women's status, 6) religion, 7) colonialism and overseas immigration, 8) the consequences of the establishment of the modern welfare state, 9) public policies, 10) economic systems, 11) industrialization and urbanization, and 12) new family forms. After publication of the books, regional meetings could be held in preparation for a global meeting.
Synergistic actions of stem cell factor and other burst-promoting activities on proliferation of CD34+ highly purified blood progenitors expressing HLA-DR or different levels of c-kit protein (1994)

We studied the synergistic effects of stem cell factor (SCF) and other burst-promoting activities (BPAs) such as interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or IL-9 on proliferation of human peripheral blood-derived highly purified progenitors. SCF, IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-9 showed significant BPA when CD34+HLA-DR+ cells were used as the target population. IL-3 exerted the most potent BPA, and GM-CSF supported approximately 40% to 70% of the erythroid burst-forming units that are responsive to IL-3. SCF and IL-9 showed much weaker BPA than that of IL-3 or GM-CSF. Combinations of IL-3 with other BPAs did not show synergistic actions supporting erythroid-burst formation. However, GM-CSF showed a significant additive effect with IL-9 or SCF. When CD34+c-kithigh cells were used as the target, SCF showed a much stronger BPA. Also, a distinct additive effect between SCF and IL-3 or GM-CSF on erythrocyte-containing mixed colony formation was observed. On the other hand, when CD34+c-kitlow cells were used as the target, SCF, IL-3, and GM-CSF could express BPA. In contrast, IL-9 alone failed to support erythroid-burst formation. Because CD34+c-kithigh cells weakly expressed CD34 antigen, these cells appeared to be more mature progenitors than CD34+c-kitlow cells. These results suggest that IL-9 acts on more mature progenitors than those of SCF, IL-3, or GM-CSF and that the primary target of SCF is multipotential progenitors at the very early stage of development.
<title>Protection against methanol-induced retinal toxicity by LED photostimulation</title> (2002)

We have initiated experiments designed to test the hypothesis that 670-nm Light-Emitting Diode (LED) exposure will attenuate formate-induced retinal dysfunction in a rodent model of methanol toxicity. Methanol intoxication produces toxic injury to the retina. The toxic metabolite formed in methanol intoxication is formic acid, a mitochondrial toxin known to inhibit cytochrome oxidase activity. 670-nm LED light has been hypothesized to act by stimulating cytochrome oxidase activity. To test this hypothesis, one group of animals was intoxicated with methanol, a second group was intoxicated with methanol and LED-treated and a third group was untreated. LED treatment (670 nm for 1 min 45 seconds equals 50 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, 4 joules/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was administered at 5, 25, and 50 hours after the initial dose of methanol. At 72 hours of methanol intoxication, retinal function was assessed by measurement of ERG responses and retinas were prepared for histologic analysis. ERG responses recorded in methanol-intoxicated animals revealed profound attenuation of both rod-dominated and UV-cone mediated responses. In contrast, methanol- intoxicated animals exposed to LED treatment exhibited a nearly complete recovery of rod-dominated ERG responses and a slight improvement of UV-cone mediated ERG responses. LED treatment also protected the retina against the histopathologic changes produced by formate in methanol intoxication. These data provide evidence that LED phototherapy protects the retina against the cytotoxic actions of formate and are consistent with the hypothesis that LED photostimulation improves mitochondrial respiratory chain function.
The diffusion process of sodium hyaluronate (Na‐Ha) and Na‐Ha‐<i>n</i>‐alkyl derivatives films swelling (2007)

The process of diffusion of sodium hyaluronate and its hydrophobically modified alkyl derivatives in water was studied by measuring the kinetics of solid polymer film swelling. The following fundamental thermodynamic parameters of the swelling process were calculated: the apparent diffusion coefficient of swelling by water D(s) determined at three temperatures (25, 37, and 45 degrees C), the activation enthalpy of diffusion connected with the swelling DeltaH(D,s) and the activation enthalpy of the swelling process DeltaH(s). The thermodynamic activity of the solvent for the given sodium hyaluronate and its four alkyl derivatives has been expressed through the internal quantity RA(delta,s), that is expansion work of polymer coil accomplished by the action of the internal pressure.
The Fate of Nature (2003)

The Judaeo-Christian tradition of Creation with its directives for humans to subdue and to have dominion over the Earth has been seen as a factor in the generation of negative or exploitative attitudes towards the natural world, especially among Christians who interpret the Creation stories literally. As a corrective, in recent decades scholars have developed a rationale for stewardship of nature based on these same and other Biblical passages. However, much less attention has been given to the implications of beliefs about the end-time (eschatology). Seventh-day Adventists, along with some other Christians, anticipate that a fiery obliteration of the Earth’s surface will usher in the kingdom of God. Logically such beliefs might not be expected to generate any particular concern for the well-being of the non-human Creation. A few Adventist authors have called for some amendment to or revision of traditionally-held eschatology as it concerns the fate of nature. Nevertheless there is some evidence that many Seventh-day Adventists feel that there is a basis for caring for the Creation in spite of its imminent annihilation. However, in company with many Biblical literalists, practical action is generally lacking from personal agenda. Some reasons for the apparent dissonance between eschatological beliefs and environmental concern are suggested.
A Comparative Study of Inductive Logic Programming Methods for Software Fault Prediction (1997)

We evaluate inductive logic programming (ILP) methods for predicting fault density in C++ classes. In this problem, each training example is a C++ class definition, represented as a calling tree, and labeled as &quot;positive &quot; iff faults (i.e., errors) were discovered in its implementation. We compare two ILP systems, FOIL and FLIPPER, and explore the reasons for their differing performance, using both natural and artificial data. We then propose two extensions to FLIPPER: a user-directed bias towards easy-to-evaluate clauses, and an extension that allows FLIPPER to learn &quot;counting clauses&quot;. Counting clauses augment logic programs with a variation of the &quot;number restrictions&quot; used in description logics, and significantly improve performance on this problem when prior knowledge is used. 1 INTRODUCTION In this paper, we will investigate the utility of inductive logic programming (ILP) methods for the problem of classifying programs. In particular, we will explore the problem of predicting f...
Efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone in treating Chinese children with idiopathic short stature (2018)

rhGH has a good growth promoting effect on ISS children. A variety of factors may affect the GV, and related adverse reactions should be monitored during the treatment.
Selective Eigenbackground for Background Modeling and Subtraction in Crowded Scenes (2013)

Background subtraction is a fundamental preprocessing step in many surveillance video analysis tasks. In spite of significant efforts, however, background subtraction in crowded scenes remains challenging, especially, when a large number of foreground objects move slowly or just keep still. To address the problem, this paper proposes a selective eigenbackground method for background modeling and subtraction in crowded scenes. The contributions of our method are three-fold: First, instead of training eigenbackgrounds using the original video frames that may contain more or less foregrounds, a virtual frame construction algorithm is utilized to assemble clean background pixels from different original frames so as to construct some virtual frames as the training and update samples. This can significantly improve the purity of the trained eigenbackgrounds. Second, for a crowded scene with diversified environmental conditions (e.g., illuminations), it is difficult to use only one eigenbackground model to deal with all these variations, even using some online update strategies. Thus given several models trained offline, we utilize peak signal-to-noise ratio to adaptively choose the optimal one to initialize the online eigenbackground model. Third, to tackle the problem that not all pixels can obtain the optimal results when the reconstruction is performed at once for the whole frame, our method selects the best eigenbackground for each pixel to obtain an improved quality of the reconstructed background image. Extensive experiments on the TRECVID-SED dataset and the Road video dataset show that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods remarkably.
High-speed, low-switching noise CMOS memory data output buffer (1994)

This paper describes a data output buffer for highspeed CMOS integrated memories with a high data output pin count. The buffer minimizes the switching noise induced on supply lines while achieving very fast output transitions by combining output presetting techniques together with adequate driving of the output pull-up and pull-down transistors. Tristate operation and zero static power consumption are also provided. The buffer was integrated in a 16-Mb EPROM device. It occupies 0.06 mm/sup 2/ and ensures a better than 15 ns output transition time with a load capacitor of 100 pF.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methods for measuring levels of well-being for a health status index. (1973)

Three psychological scaling procedures—category rating, magnitude estimation, and equivalence—were used to measure the levels of well-being that student and health-leader judges in 14 experimental groups associate with 50 case descriptions of function status representing the continuum from complete well-being to death. No significant differences were detected for order of method presentation, interview situation, scaling method, student vs. leader judges, or most interactions among these factors. Category rating, the simplest and apparently the most reliable of the methods, was consistent with the results of the social choices implied in the equivalence technique. The results indicate the feasibility of measuring the social values of large numbers of cases in household interview surveys.
Design and evaluation of a planar GaAlAs-GaAs bipolar transistor (1980)

A planar GaAIAs-GaAs bipolar transistor using a new technological processing technique is presented: a p-type diffusion through the emitter layer is used for base contacting, making possible the use of a low Al content emitter, and leading to low values of the base resistance. A transition frequency of 1 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency of 450 MHz have been measured on large annular geometry devices.
Liquid Crystal Airborne Display (1977)

A solid-state liquid crystal television display panel is described. This display has been developed as a replacement for the cathode-ray tube in direct-view and head-up display applications for tactical aircraft. Its key advantages are: (1) high contrast in small and large areas, (2) gray shade capability under all levels of illumination including direct-sunlight, (3) uniform high resolution over the entire display area, (4) interface similar to CRT TV display and (5) low power, weight, volume. Cockpit installations have been designed for the display which permit viewing under day and night conditions. Measurements have confirmed that the display brightness and contrast remain superior to the CRT for all single-place cockpit viewing positions under anticipated in-flight illumination conditions. The presentation of gray scale television images under direct sunlight illumination has been demonstrated. The display is built using silicon LSI circuit technology to form the metal-oxide semiconductor addressing circuits which define a matrix of electrodes used to directly activate a liquid crystal film. The present display is 2 in. square and consists of 40,000 elements arranged in a 200 x 200 array. Techniques have been successfully illustrated for increasing the size of the display by assembling a mosaic array of modules that are electrically interconnected.
The Paradox of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Novel Approaches to Treatment (2011)

Breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen/progesterone receptors and overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2), i.e. triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), is not amenable to current targeted therapies and carries a poor prognosis. This review discusses the natural history of TNBC and published literature in the relevant treatment landscape, with a focus on newer therapies. Compared with other subtypes of breast cancer, TN tumors have higher response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy; however, this advantage is not clearly translated into the metastatic setting and has not improved these patients' overall survival. Numerous cytotoxic and targeted strategies have demonstrated efficacy or are under investigation. Strategies showing promise in this difficult-to-treat group of patients include cytotoxic therapy with platinum-containing agents, ixabepilone, and novel targeted approaches such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.