gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant panda ribosomal protein S14: cDNA, genomic sequence cloning, sequence analysis, and overexpression (2010)

RPS14 is a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit encoded by the RPS14 gene and is required for its maturation. The cDNA and the genomic sequence of RPS14 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology and touchdown-PCR, respectively; they were both sequenced and analyzed. The length of the cloned cDNA fragment was 492 bp; it contained an open-reading frame of 456 bp, encoding 151 amino acids. The length of the genomic sequence is 3421 bp; it contains four exons and three introns. Alignment analysis indicates that the nucleotide sequence shares a high degree of homology with those of Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Gallus gallus, Xenopus laevis, and Danio rerio (93.64, 83.37, 92.54, 91.89, 87.28, 84.21, and 84.87%, respectively). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the giant panda with those of these other species revealed that the RPS14 of giant panda is highly homologous with those of B. taurus, R. norvegicus and D. rerio (85.99, 99.34 and 99.34%, respectively), and is 100% identical with the others. This degree of conservation of RPS14 suggests evolutionary selection. Topology prediction shows that there are two N-glycosylation sites, three protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, two casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, four N-myristoylation sites, two amidation sites, and one ribosomal protein S11 signature in the RPS14 protein of the giant panda. The RPS14 gene can be readily expressed in Escherichia coli. When it was fused with the N-terminally His-tagged protein, it gave rise to accumulation of an expected 22-kDa polypeptide, in good agreement with the predicted molecular weight. The expression product obtained can be purified for studies of its function.
Solvolyses with retention of configuration and cis polar additions in the side-chain chemistry of [2.2]paracyclophane (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvolyses with retention of configuration and cis polar additions in the side-chain chemistry of [2.2]paracyclophaneDonald J. Cram, Robert E. Singler, and Roger C. HelgesonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 26, 7625–7627Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00729a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00729a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chain-End Functionalization with a Saccharide for 10 nm Microphase Separation: “Classical” PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA versus PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA-Saccharide (2018)

Microphase-separated structures of block copolymers (BCPs) have attracted much attention as template materials for bottom-up nanofabrication. At the same time, chain-end modification has become a leading facile and efficient technique for fine-tuning the morphologies of microphase-separated structures generated from BCPs. Herein, we describe the preparation of well-defined polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PS-b-PMMAs) bearing highly hydrophilic mono/oligosaccharide moieties at their PMMA chain ends (SM-mono/oligosaccharides) as well as the impact of the mono/oligosaccharide on microphase separation behavior. PS-b-PMMAs were terminal-selectively transesterified using the titanium alkoxide of 6-azido-1-hexanol to introduce azido groups into the side chains of the terminal MMA units. The azido-functionalized PS-b-PMMAs were subsequently click reacted with ethynyl-functionalized mono/oligosaccharides to yield SM-mono/oligosaccharides. Small-angle X-ray scattering and microscopy experiments reveal that PS-b-PMMAs bearing maltotrioses at their chain ends (SM-MTs), and with total molecular weights of ∼10 kg mol–1, successfully form microphase-separated structures, although the unmodified PS-b-PMMAs exist in miscible states. Interestingly, the SM-MT with equivalent PS- and PMMA-MT-block volume fractions microphase separated to form a hexagonally close-packed cylinder with a domain spacing of 11.5 nm, rather than a lamellar structure, implying that the phase diagram for microphase separation is significantly affected by strong maltotriose aggregation. Hence, the results presented herein demonstrate that the incorporation of oligosaccharide moieties at chain ends is an efficient means of fine-tuning the size features as well as the morphologies of BCP microphase-separated structures.
Preparation of hydrogel from green polymer (2004)

Abstract A new method was used for the production of hydrogels from green polymer with a higher swelling ratio. These hydrogels were synthesized first by graft copolymerization between acrylamide (AM) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with alkaline or kraft lignin (AM‐PVA‐g‐lignin) and then by mixing with acrylamide monomer. The kraft and alkaline lignins were isolated from pulping liquor and characterized using UV and FT‐IR spectroscopy, and the formed hydrogels were characterized using FT‐IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared with kraft lignin hydrogel, the alkaline lignin hydrogel had very high swelling ratios and slower water uptake and deswelling rates attributed to its compatible network structure. The hydrogels formed were used also to study the influence of sodium chloride on the absorption capacity at room temperature and swelling ratios at different temperatures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of free ion yield on electrical field strength in a dielectric liquid irradiated by 60Co γ rays (1975)

A corrected curve of free ion yield versus electric field is given for n-hexane as well as new curves for 2-methylpentane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and carbon tetrachloride. Comparison with the Onsager theory of geminate ion recombination does not give reasonable agreement over the entire range of field strengths for any of the functions used.(AIP)
Structure-activity relationships in thienodiazepine and benzodiazepine derivatives. (1994)

The structural and electronic characteristics as well as the anticonvulsant properties and benzodiazepine receptor binding of thieno[3,4-b][1,4]diazepine and 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives are compared and discussed. The data obtained suggest that the electronic rather than the structural properties appear mainly responsible for the variant degree of anticonvulsant activity exhibited by the tested compounds.
Cryogenics free production of hyperpolarized 129Xe and 83Kr for biomedical MRI applications (2013)

As an alternative to cryogenic gas handling, hyperpolarized (hp) gas mixtures were extracted directly from the spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) process through expansion followed by compression to ambient pressure for biomedical MRI applications. The omission of cryogenic gas separation generally requires the usage of high xenon or krypton concentrations at low SEOP gas pressures to generate hp (129)Xe or hp (83)Kr with sufficient MR signal intensity for imaging applications. Two different extraction schemes for the hp gasses were explored with focus on the preservation of the nuclear spin polarization. It was found that an extraction scheme based on an inflatable, pressure controlled balloon is sufficient for hp (129)Xe handling, while (83)Kr can efficiently be extracted through a single cycle piston pump. The extraction methods were tested for ex vivo MRI applications with excised rat lungs. Precise mixing of the hp gases with oxygen, which may be of interest for potential in vivo applications, was accomplished during the extraction process using a piston pump. The (83)Kr bulk gas phase T1 relaxation in the mixtures containing more than approximately 1% O2 was found to be slower than that of (129)Xe in corresponding mixtures. The experimental setup also facilitated (129)Xe T1 relaxation measurements as a function of O2 concentration within excised lungs.
Rhizobium nodulation protein NodC is an important determinant of chitin oligosaccharide chain length in Nod factor biosynthesis (1997)

Synthesis of chitin oligosaccharides by NodC is the first committed step in the biosynthesis of rhizobial lipochitin oligosaccharides (LCOs). The distribution of oligosaccharide chain lengths in LCOs differs between various Rhizobium species. We expressed the cloned nodC genes of Rhizobium meliloti, R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, and R. loti in Escherichia coli. The in vivo activities of the various NodC proteins differed with respect to the length of the major chitin oligosaccharide produced. The clearest difference was observed between strains with R. meliloti and R. loti NodC, producing chitintetraose and chitinpentaose, respectively. In vitro experiments, using UDP-[14C]GlcNAc as a precursor, show that this difference reflects intrinsic properties of these NodC proteins and that it is not influenced by the UDP-GlcNAc concentration. Analysis of oligosaccharide chain lengths in LCOs produced by a R. leguminosarum bv. viciae nodC mutant, expressing the three cloned nodC genes mentioned above, shows that the difference in oligosaccharide chain length in LCOs of R. meliloti and R. leguminosarum bv. viciae is due only to nodC. The exclusive production of LCOs which contain a chitinpentaose backbone by R. loti strains is not due to NodC but to end product selection by Nod proteins involved in further modification of the chitin oligosaccharide. These results indicate that nodC contributes to the host specificity of R. meliloti, a conclusion consistent with the results of several studies which have shown that the lengths of the oligosaccharide backbones of LCOs can strongly influence their activities on host plants.
Symptom Scales and Diagnostic Schedules in Adult Psychiatry (2002)

The authors present an assessment of the psychiatric status of adults by means of systematic questions. The chapter begins with general information about scales and schedules. A review of the field that focuses on the evolution of such methods over the past 50 years in different geographic locations, and different research and treatment settings is also included. Special focus is given to the time, place, and purpose of instruments developed for adult psychiatry. An overview of reliability and validity is followed by a discussion of controversial issues. The chapter concludes with unanswered questions and directions for future work.
Heparin‐like molecules regulate the number of epidermal growth factor receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells (1988)

The effect of heparin on the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) was examined. Heparin pretreatment of SMC obtained from bovine aortic explant tissue resulted in significant reductions in the amount of EGF bound. Decreases in mitogen binding were observed with both growth arrested as well as exponentially growing cultures. The heparin concentrations (10-100 micrograms/ml) and pretreatment times (48-72 h) necessary for suppression of EGF binding correlated with the concentrations and temporal requirements necessary for growth inhibition. Chondroitin sulfate, which has negligible antiproliferative activity, had no effect on EGF binding. However, a highly inhibitory heparan sulfate species obtained from postconfluent SMC suppressed EGF binding by 45%. Platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 binding were unaffected by heparin. Scatchard analysis revealed that heparin induced 50 to 60% reductions in the numbers of high and low affinity EGF receptors without detectable changes in the binding affinity or ratio of high to low receptors. Experiments were also performed with enzymatically dispersed SMC. These cultures were inhibited by heparin in a time dependent manner which was partially reversible in the presence of EGF. Subsequent studies revealed that heparin suppressed EGF binding in these cultures by 20 to 40%. In summary, heparin reduces the number of EGF receptors on both explant and enzyme dispersed SMC by a mechanism which closely parallels the antiproliferative effects of this glycosaminoglycan.
A comprehensive conformational analysis of tryptophan, its ionic and dimeric forms (2013)

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, and understanding the conformational preferences of monomer and dimer is a subject of outstanding relevance in biological systems. An exhaustive first principles investigation of tryptophan (W) and its ionized counterparts cations (WC), anions (WA), and zwitterions (WZ) has been carried out. A comprehensive and systematic study of tryptophan dimer (WD) conformations resulted in about 62 distinct minima on the potential energy surface. The hydrogen bonds and a variety of noncovalent interactions such as OH-π, NH-π, CH-π, CH-O, and π-π interactions stabilized different forms of tryptophan and its dimers. Over all in monomeric conformers which have NH-O, hydrogen bonds showed higher stability than other conformers. A cursory analysis reveal that the most stable dimers stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions while the less stable dimers showed aromatic side chain interactions. Protein Data Bank analysis of tryptophan dimers reveals that at a larger distance greater than 5 Å, T-shaped orientations (CH-π interactions) are more prevalent, while stacked orientations (π-π interactions) are predominant at a smaller distance.
<title>Laboratory development of a lidar for measurement of sound velocity in the ocean using Brillouin scattering</title> (1997)

There have been several studies of the potential accuracy of LIDAR measurements of sound velocity in the ocean by measuring the spectral shift of the backscattered Brillouin lines. However, due to technical limitations, such systems have not previously been experimentally demonstrated. Measurement of the Brillouin shift as a function of depth in the ocean requires a stabilized, narrow linewidth, pulsed laser, and a high-resolution spectroscopic technique. We have used a scanning Fabry-Perot to obtain the first frequency resolved measurements of Brillouin scattering in water using a pulsed laser; these results will be presented here. But for the practical application of measuring Brillouin shifts as a function of depth in the ocean a non- scanning spectroscopic technique is required to measure the small frequency shifts; the edge technique meets this requirement. Using it in conjunction with the edges of absorption lines in the molecular spectra of I<SUB>2</SUB> and/or Br<SUB>2</SUB>, avoids the limitations associated with use of a Fabry-Perot etalon; specifically, its small solid angle of acceptance and its vulnerability in noisy environments. This new approach will be briefly described.
Polymeric Ligands. I. Some Salicylic Acid Derivatives (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymeric Ligands. I. Some Salicylic Acid DerivativesR. C. DeGEISO, L. G. DONARUMA, and E. A. TOMICCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 4, 1424–1426Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01051a073https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01051a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Vibrio anguillarum</i>Resistance to Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Serum: Role of O-Antigen Structure of Lipopolysaccharide (1999)

The sensitivity of Vibrio anguillarum to the bactericidal effect of rainbow trout serum was investigated with different strains of serogroups O1 and O2a, which are the most frequently found serogroups in clinical outbreaks of vibriosis. All of the V. anguillarum strains were able to activate complement in rainbow trout serum, but smooth strains of V. anguillarum serogroup O1 were resistant to complement-mediated killing in the absence of specific antibodies. In the case of V. anguillarum serogroup O2a strains, 80% of the analyzed strains were resistant to rainbow trout serum even when specific antibodies were present. Analysis of the lipopolysaccharide structures of the tested V. anguillarum strains showed a positive correlation between the O-antigen size of the lipopolysaccharide and resistance to serum killing. The classical complement pathway was responsible for the antibody-dependent serum killing of susceptible V. anguillarum strains. When serum-resistant V. anguillarum serogroup O2a strains were grown in glucose-enriched Lennox L broth, they produced lipopolysaccharide molecules with fewer high-molecular-weight O-antigen units than did strains grown in broth without the addition of glucose. Strains grown in glucose-enriched medium became sensitive to rainbow trout serum killing, indicating that the high-molecular-weight O-antigen side chains prevented the activated complement from damaging the bacterium.
Content based Zero-Watermarking Algorithm for Authentication of Text Documents (2010)

Copyright protection and authentication of digital contents has become a significant issue in the current digital epoch with efficient communication mediums such as internet. Plain text is the rampantly used medium used over the internet for information exchange and it is very crucial to verify the authenticity of information. There are very limited techniques available for plain text watermarking and authentication. This paper presents a novel zero-watermarking algorithm for authentication of plain text. The algorithm generates a watermark based on the text contents and this watermark can later be extracted using extraction algorithm to prove the authenticity of text document. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm against tampering attacks identifying watermark accuracy and distortion rate on 10 different text samples of varying length and attacks.
Detection and characterisation of human astroviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Blantyre, Malawi (2002)

In a 2-year hospital-based study of paediatric gastroenteritis in Blantyre, Malawi, astroviruses were detected by enzyme immunoassay in 15 (1.9%) of 786 inpatients and in 9 (2.3%) of 400 outpatients. Greater disease severity was noted in children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Six human astrovirus (HAstV) genotypes were identified, including HAstV-1 (25%), HAstV-2 (21%), HAstV-3 (25%), HAstV-4 (13%), HAstV-5 (4%), and HAstV-8 (13%). Although astroviruses are not major causes of gastroenteritis among children admitted to hospital in Blantyre, concomitant HIV infection appears to be a risk factor for increased severity of disease.
Detection of Rotavirus in Sewage and Creek Water: Efficiency of the Concentration Method (1997)

Simian rotavirus SA-11 experimentally seeded, was recovered from raw domestic sewage by a two-step concentration procedure, using filtration through a positively charged microporous filter (Zeta Plus 60 S) followed by ultracentrifugation, effecting an 8,000-fold concentration. By this method, a mean recovery of 81% +/- 7.5 of the SA-11 virus, was achieved.
PIPP (2009)

Many multi-core processors employ a large last-level cache (LLC) shared among the multiple cores. Past research has demonstrated that sharing-oblivious cache management policies (e.g., LRU) can lead to poor performance and fairness when the multiple cores compete for the limited LLC capacity. Different memory access patterns can cause cache contention in different ways, and various techniques have been proposed to target some of these behaviors. In this work, we propose a new cache management approach that combines dynamic insertion and promotion policies to provide the benefits of cache partitioning, adaptive insertion, and capacity stealing all with a single mechanism. By handling multiple types of memory behaviors, our proposed technique outperforms techniques that target only either capacity partitioning or adaptive insertion.
Learning without case records: a mapping of the repertory grid technique onto knowledge acquisition from examples (1992)

Abstract: In building a knowledge‐based system, it is sometimes possible to save time by applying some machine learning process to a set of historical cases. In some problem domains, however, such cases may not be available. In addition, the classes, attributes and attribute values that comprise the partial domain model in terms of which cases are expressed may also not be available explicitly. In these circumstances, the repertory grid technique offers a single process for both building a partial domain model and generating a training set of examples. Alternatively, examples can be elicited directly. This paper explores the relationship between knowledge acquisition from examples and the repertory grid technique, and discusses the shared need for machine learning. Fragments of business‐strategy knowledge are used to illustrate the discussion.
Thermal conductivity of a polymer filled with particles in the wide range from low to super‐high volume content (1990)

Abstract Polyethylene and polystyrene composites filled with high‐volume content of filler particles (quartz or Al 2 O 3 ) were prepared by ordinary melt‐casting method to effectively increase the thermal conductivity. The result, however, suggested that fractional void volume cssentially occupied by filler particles is left unfilled when high or super‐high content of filler is used. After investigating the relation between the mixing ratio of different sized filler particles and the fractional voidage under various compression intensities, a mixture of filler was found to give minimum fractional voidage. Polymers filled with such an optimum mixture of fillers for minimum fractional voidage were then prepared under compression. Thus, expected monotonous increases in thermal conductivity in the wide range from low to super‐high filler content were obtained. Further, it was confirmed that a predictive model proposed by us agreed quite satisfactorily with the experimental data in comparison with many other models.