gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of SKYMESH using terrestrial nodes (2010)

This paper proposes a link setup method of “SKYMESH,” which is an ad hoc communication system, temporarily established in the sky by balloons holding communication nodes. The SKYMESH can be used as emergency communication systems when telecommunication infrastructure is damaged for large-scale natural disaster. It was reported that a link between balloons was unstable due to swing of balloons. This paper proposes a link setup method by using terrestrial nodes. A terrestrial node with two directional antennas can be used between balloon nodes to replace an inter-balloon link with two balloon-terrestrial links. The communication distance of the terrestrial-balloon link can be extended with better communication quality. We performed experiments of communication quality measurement in Niigata University campus area from August to September in 2009. As a result, the distance between balloon-to-terrestrial-to-balloon nodes can be extended about ten times as long as that of a link between balloons with stable communication quality.
Airborne Central Digital Computer (1964)

a model avionics system is presented showing how a doubly redundant, moderate speed digital computer subsystem can be made to solve the requirements of SST Navigation and Control. This paper also considers that triple redundancy is feasible in terms of cost, performance, and reliability in the concept of functional modularity for SST application. The modular avionics systems presumes that the digital computer subsystem will be held to a sufficient minimum and that all the decision making will be made at the prerogative of the pilot. A brief elaboration of this philosophy suggests that the flight profile will be programmed for standard conditions and only deviations from standard will be computed and shown to the pilot etc., etc., etc.
An analysis of advance fee fraud on the internet (2008)

Purpose Advance fee fraud on the internet is a current epidemic that rakes in hundreds of millions of dollars per year. The advent of the internet and proliferation of its use in the 1990s makes it an attractive medium for communicating the fraud, enabling a worldwide reach. This paper aims to explain how advance fee fraud operates, to examine various cases of recent advance fee‐fraud e‐mails, and to identify methods employed to manipulate victims into compliance based on theory in human behaviour and persuasion. Design/methodology/approach This study uses six cases of advance fee fraud received via e‐mail by the author between August 2006 and January 2007. The content of these e‐mails was analysed in detail to identify the methods employed to manipulate the behaviour of victims. Findings Interpretive findings suggest that advance fee fraudsters employ specific methods that exploit the bounded rationality and automatic behaviour of victims. Methods include assertion of authority and expert power, mimicking and referencing persons/organisations, providing partial proof/legitimacy, reasoning, reciprocation, creating urgency, and implying scarcity. Practical implications While there is readily available information on advance fee fraud on the internet, especially in the web sites of anti‐fraud organisations, this study suggests a need to inform internet users of the methods employed by advance fee fraudsters. Originality/value Considering the current and widespread problem of advance fee‐fraud e‐mails, the information of this paper is important for internet users to improve their capability in identifying fraudulent schemes and avoiding them.
Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene over Au/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Catalyst (2000)

The hydrogenation of acetylene and ethylene was studied on Au/Al2O3 catalyst. Acetylene and hydrogen reacted readily to produce ethylene, but not to ethane on the catalyst in the temperature range between 313 and 523 K. The hydrogenation of ethylene on the catalyst occurred only at much higher temperatures over 573 K. The activity of the selective hydrogenation of acetylene over Au/Al2O3 catalyst depends on the size of ultrafine gold particles of Au/Al2O3 catalyst, which showed a maximum at about 3.0 nm in diameter.
Unbuckling lipodystrophy from insulin resistance and hypertension (2004)

Lipodystrophy and insulin resistance are the core features of human PPARgamma deficiency states. Metabolic complications in PPARgamma deficiency, such as hypertension, have been considered to be secondary to insulin resistance. However, a new mouse model that expresses the analog of a human PPARG mutation displays minimal lipodystrophy and insulin resistance but rather severe hypertension. Furthermore, the mutant protein appears to directly modulate the renin-angiotensin system in adipose tissue, providing evidence of the pleiotropic effects of PPARgamma.
Memory effects in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors incorporating dispensed highly monodisperse 1nm silicon nanoparticles (2007)

Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors containing various densities of ex situ produced, colloidal, highly monodisperse, spherical, 1nm silicon nanoparticles were fabricated and evaluated for potential use as charge storage elements in future nonvolatile memory devices. The capacitance-voltage characteristics are well behaved and agree with similarly fabricated zero-nanoparticle control samples and with an ideal simulation. Unlike larger particle systems, the demonstrated memory effect exhibits effectively pure hole storage. The nature of charging, hole type versus electron type may be understood in terms of the characteristics of ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles: large energy gap, large charging energy, and consequently a small electron affinity.
A new approach for a superconducting RAM memory design (2002)

A brief background of conventional superconductive random access memories (RAMs) and their drawbacks is given. The original node-pair concept is briefly reviewed, and the principles and operation of a 4.3*10/sup 9/*32-b superconductive node-pair RAM (which is fully accessed by 1280 decoded address lines and is automatically refreshed after each read/write cycle) are discussed at length. An alternative superconductive circuit design which does not need refreshing after each read/write cycle and is well suited for read-only memory (ROM) operation when a room-temperature superconductor becomes available is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A1-adenosine receptor-mediated inhibition of adipocyte adenylate cyclase and lipolysis in Zucker rats (1989)

Hormone-stimulated lipolysis is reduced in genetically obese rodents and may contribute to the increased adiposity characteristic of the obese state. Endogenously released adenosine, acting via the A1 receptor coupled to the inhibitory guanosine 5'-triphosphate binding protein, Gi, provides a tonic inhibition of lipolysis in rat adipocytes. Removal of this inhibition by the addition of adenosine deaminase frequently results in maximal lipolytic activity. Adipocytes isolated from lean Zucker (Fa/?) rats responded normally to adenosine deaminase, where lipolysis in adipocytes from obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats remained approximately 50% inhibited. Adipocyte adenylate cyclase was equally responsive to activation by forskolin, but lipolytic hormones were significantly less effective in stimulating adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in the obese adipocytes. These cells also exhibited an increased sensitivity to inhibition by the adenosine agonist, N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine, either in combination with forskolin or beta-adrenergic hormone stimulation. Treatment of isolated adipocytes with pertussis toxin, which uncouples receptor-mediated Gi function, had little effect in cells from lean rats but increased isoproterenol stimulated cAMP production of cells from obese rats to levels observed in the lean cells. In addition, the adenosine A1 antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, increased cAMP and lipolytic activity in the obese adipocytes while having little significant effect in the lean adipocytes. These results suggest that hormonal control of lipolysis is altered in the obese Zucker rat because of an alteration in A1-adenosine receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
An ID-based Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol Based on Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Problem. (2008)

In this paper, we present a new ID-based two-party authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocol, which makes use of a new technique called twin Die-Hellman problem proposed by Cash, Kiltz and Shoup. We show that our scheme is secure under bilinear Die-Hellman (BDH) assumption in the enhanced Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) model, which better supports the adversary’s queries than previous AKE models. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the rst ID-based AKE protocol provably secure in eCK model.
ForkBase: An Efficient Storage Engine for Blockchain and Forkable Applications (2018)

Existing data storage systems offer a wide range of functionalities to accommodate an equally diverse range of applications. However, new classes of applications have emerged, e.g., blockchain and collaborative analytics, featuring data versioning, fork semantics, tamper-evidence or any combination thereof. They present new opportunities for storage systems to efficiently support such applications by embedding the above requirements into the storage. In this paper, we present ForkBase, a storage engine specifically designed to provide efficient support for blockchain and forkable applications. By integrating the core application properties into the storage, ForkBase not only delivers high performance but also reduces development effort. Data in ForkBase is multi-versioned, and each version uniquely identifies the data content and its history. Two variants of fork semantics are supported in ForkBase to facilitate any collaboration workflows. A novel index structure is introduced to efficiently identify and eliminate duplicate content across data objects. Consequently, ForkBase is not only efficient in performance, but also in space requirement. We demonstrate the performance of ForkBase using three applications: a blockchain platform, a wiki engine and a collaborative analytics application. We conduct extensive experimental evaluation of these applications against respective state-of-the-art system. The results show that ForkBase achieves superior performance while significantly lowering the development cost.
Setting the Stage (1994)

Romania was the darling of the United States among the communist Warsaw Pact members for almost twenty years, from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s. By 1989, it had sunk to last place among those countries in U.S. eyes. The reasons for this change included increased repression in Romania, reform in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and shifting priorities in the U.S. approach to the relationship. Fundamental misunderstandings and failures of communication also played a role. A brief recapitulation of the history of U.S.-Romanian relations in the period before mid-1985 will help set the stage for the events described in succeeding chapters.
A Phospholipid-modified Polystyrene—Polyisobutylene— Polystyrene (SIBS) Triblock Polymer for Enhanced Hemocompatibility and Potential Use in Artificial Heart Valves (2008)

Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) ('SIBS') is selected for a novel tri-leaflet heart valve due to its high resistance to oxidation, hydrolysis, and enzyme attack. SIBS is modified using six different phospholipids and its mechanical properties characterized by tensile stress, peel strength, shear strength, contact angle, and surface energy, and then for hemocompatibility by studying the adhesion of fluorescently labeled platelets in a parallel plate chamber under physiological flow conditions. Phospholipid modification decreases SIBS tensile stress (at 45% strain) by 30% and reduces platelet adhesion by a factor of 10, thereby improving its hemocompatibility and its potential use as a synthetic heart valve.
Rate Responsive Pacemakers: Assessment after Two Years (1986)

Rate responsive pacemakers (RRPM) for patients without sufficient response of the heart rate (HR) to exercise represent an alternative to improve cardiac output (CO) and capacity for exercise via an increase of HR. From 1983 until December 1985, we implanted 30 QT-related (TX), 25 respiratory dependent (RDP), and 35 body activity directed (ACT) pacemakers. The follow-up examination consisted of Holter-ECG, treadmill and/or bicycle workload, and determination of CO (TX: thermodilution technique, n = 11; 6 months after implantation. RDP: equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography, n = 13; 1 month after implantation). The capacity for exercise of patients with ACT was studied using a climbing step. Adaptation of HR could be achieved with TX, RDP, and ACT. There was a significant increase in CO during exercise TX or RDP versus VVI-mode (TX: delta = 1.7 l/min, RDP: delta = 2.1 l/min). Although all systems exhibited weak points, RRPM are reliable devices. We abide by using these pacemakers.
An RF-Based System for Tracking Transceiver-Free Objects (2007)

In traditional radio-based localization methods, the target object has to carry a transmitter (e.g., active RFID), a receiver (e.g., 802.11x detector), or a transceiver (e.g., sensor node). However, in some applications, such as safe guard systems, it is not possible to meet this precondition. In this paper, we propose a model of signal dynamics to allow tracking of transceiver-free objects. Based on radio signal strength indicator (RSSI), which is readily available in wireless communication, three tracking algorithms are proposed to eliminate noise behaviors and improve accuracy. The midpoint and intersection algorithms can be applied to track a single object without calibration, while the best-cover algorithm has potential to track multiple objects but requires calibration. Our experimental test-bed is a grid sensor array based on MICA2 sensor nodes. The experimental results show that the best side length between sensor nodes in the grid is 2 meters and the best-cover algorithm can reach localization accuracy to 0.99 m
Separation and Identification of SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2-</SUP>, S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2-</SUP>, S<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>-2</SUP>, and SO<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>-2</SUP> Anions by Means of Thin Layer Radiochromatography (1987)

Thin layer radiochromatography is a useful means to investigate into intermediateoxyacid species of sulphur in low concentrations formed during aqueous reactions involving elemental sulphur and metal sulphides. In this study, 0.1-0.5 mol/dm3 standard solutions of commercial Na2 SO4 and Na2 S2O3, synthesized Na2 S3O6 and Na2S4O6 were used to ensure identification of the anions. In an Ar glove box, 1-5×10-3 cm3 of the solutions were dropped on a thin layer plate and dried. Development experiments were conducted in a glass cylinder in Ar at 22°C. It was found that a solvent containing ethanol, butanol, and water in the ratio 1: 1: 1 (vol.) and 0.5wt.-% KCH3COO (pH 8.3), and the plate, TLC plastic sheets Cellulose No.5577 (Merk) gave best results for separating the thionate anions. Rf values obtained were 0.11, 0.20, 0.38, and 0.49 for SO42-, S2O32-, S3O62-, and S4O62-, respectively. From optical density measurements using films exposed to the developed plates, it was shown that the area of absorption peak (peak value x full width at half maximum) was proportional to the amount of S taken for all species. Two examples of the development were presentedbriefly. Sample solutions were taken from an ammoniacal copper solution where elimination of the copper was conducted by adding activated sulphur containing S. It was shown that S3O62- and S4O62- were formed during the reaction, whereas only S2O32- was found after completion of the elimination.
Screening of Glycosylation Patterns in Serum Using Natural Glycoprotein Microarrays and Multi-Lectin Fluorescence Detection (2006)

Protein glycosylation has been implicated in key biological processes including immunological recognition, cellular adhesion, protein folding, and signaling as well as disease progression. Although several methods are available to assess glycosylation of protein structures, none of them is able to screen complex biological samples at a global as well as an individual scale. A novel strategy presented here uses an all-liquid phase enrichment and prefractionation methodology coupled to glycoprotein microarray technology using a multiple lectin-based, biotin-streptavidin detection scheme. Selective detection of glycan structures was made possible by employing multiple lectins to screen glycoprotein standards as well as serum samples from normal subjects or patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. Interestingly, in some instances, a greater degree of glycosylation was seen in proteins that were underexpressed based on the reversed-phase chromatogram alone. Studies with standard proteins established the limits of detection to be in the 2.5-5-fmol range. Studies on serum samples showed differences in glycosylation patterns, particularly with respect to sialylation, mannosylation, and fucosylation, in normal, pancreatitis, and cancer sera. By coupling glycoprotein enrichment and fractionation with a microarray platform, we have shown that naturally occurring glycoproteins from human serum can be screened and characterized for different glycan structures, thereby allowing one to do comparative studies that monitor individual glycosylation changes within a glycoproteome representing different biological states. This approach may be useful to identify potential biomarkers in cancer.
MODELING ACOUSTIC CAVITATION WITH BUBBLE REDISTRIBUTION (2006)

Interaction of sound field and cavitation bubble distribution is simulated by a hybrid model. Acoustic wave propagati-on is described by a linearized bubbly liquid wave equation, and bubble motion by a discrete particle approach. Experi-mentally observed streamer structures in an acoustic reso-nator cell and low-frequency oscillations thereof are repro-duced.
Temperature and bud rest period: Effect of temperature and exposure on the rest period of deciduous plant leaf buds investigated (1950)

Breaking the rest period of leaf buds of deciduous plants is generally admitted to be brought about mainly by the low temperatures of late fall, winter and early spring.
Characterization of the Lactococcus lactis lactose operon promoter: contribution of flanking sequences and LacR repressor to promoter activity (1992)

We determined the location, activity, and regulation of the promoter of the Lactococcus lactis 8-kb lactose operon (lacABCDFEGX), which encodes the enzymes of the lactose phosphotransferase system and the tagatose 6-phosphate pathway. The lac promoter sequence corresponds closely to the consensus promoter described for gram-positive bacteria and is located in a back-to-back configuration with the promoter of the divergently transcribed lacR gene, which encodes the LacR repressor. The transcription start sites used under induced (lactose) and noninduced (glucose) conditions were determined. The minimal promoter region that could be isolated on a single restriction fragment included sequences ranging from -75 to +42. The effect of the presence of flanking sequences and the lacR gene on promoter activity and regulation was studied in Escherichia coli and L. lactis strains by using transcriptional fusions with promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter genes. The results showed that transcriptional regulation of the lac operon is mediated by the interaction between the LacR repressor, the lac promoter, and sequences in the noncoding region between the lacR and lacA genes. Sequences flanking the minimal promoter region appeared to enhance lac promoter activity much more in L. lactis (5- to 38-fold) than in E. coli (1.3- to 5-fold).
Quantitative Changes in Antibodies and Globulin Fractions in Sera of Rabbits Injected with Several Antigens (1937)

Summary Simultaneous measurements of the globulins (by Howe's method) and antibody (in terms of milligrams per milliliter in sera of rabbits immunized with different combinations of antigens, confirm previous work, showing an almost invariable rise in the globulins, affecting most the fractions precipitated by 13.5 and 17.4 per cent Na2SO4. These fractions contained the antibody in most instances. The amount of antibody produced never exceeded 35 per cent of the globulins in the serum, but in some cases exceeded the amount of any one of the three fractions of globulin. There was some evidence that simultaneous injection of many antigens produces less total antibody than the injection of only a single antigen.
Multichannel Semiconductor Detectors for X-Ray Transmission Computed Tomography (1980)

Multichannel semiconductor detectors for X-ray transmission computed tomography (XCT) have been developed using surface-barrier diodes fabricated from high-purity n-type silicon. X-rays are detected directly by the semiconductor detectors in the operational mode, non-biasing in conjunction with current to voltage converters (I/V converters). In addition to the image reconstruction test, the fundamental properties of the detector have been studied theoretically as well as experimentally.
Availability of Minerals in Fish Meal to Fish (1988)

Recent investigations on mineral nutrition in fish have demonstrated that the bioavailability of minerals contained in fish meal varies among species. The bioavailability of phosphorus in fish meal appears to correlate with the presence of acidic gastric juice in the stomach, because it is low in atom.achleB& fish like common carp, and high in fish with a stomach BUch as rainbow trout. On the other hand, the bioavailability of magnesium in white fish meal to fish is very low. Since the content of trace minerals and their inorganic forms vaiy in different kinda of fish meal, their bioavailability will also vary due to the kind of fish meal. The bioavailability of zinc contained in various fish meals depends on the tricalcium phosphate content of the meal in the case of rainbow. trout. Zinc availability is lowest in white fish mea l which contains the highest level of tricalcium phosphate, and slightly better in brown fish meal which contains les tricalcium phosphate. On the other hand, the effect of tricalcium phosphate on the availability of zinc to stomachleBB fish like the common carp is less than to fish with a stomach such as the rainbow trout. The availability of manganese in fish meal is relatively high for carp and unaffected by the tricalcium phosphate levels in the fish meal.
CMDA [i.e. CDMA] IS-95 for cellular and PCS (1999)

Cellular and PCS technology CDMA systems operation CDMA mobile phone operations CDMA networks testing requirements marketing and economics key features and services. Appendices: CDMA telephone manufacturers CDMA system suppliers CDMA component suppliers CDMA radio and network specifications.
A 100 MHz data-rate, 5000-element CCD linear image sensor with reset pulse level adjustment circuit (2003)

The authors describe a 100-MHz (data-rate) 5000-element CCD (charge-coupled device) linear image sensor with 20.3 mu V/electron amplifier sensitivity. A reset-pulse level-adjustment circuit with reset gate potential detector, and a self-aligned technique to minimize floating diffusion node capacitance are used to achieve this performance. The speed is triple and the sensitivity is twice that of conventional linear image sensors with more than 5000-elements. This performance enables 50- mu s line scan time for a 11-in sheet with 400-dot-per-inch (DPI) resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>