gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design requirements for integrated biosensor arrays (2005)

Miniaturization and integration of biosensor platforms is appealing due to smaller reaction volumes, larger numbers of detection sites and integration of various functionalities. Proper design of integrated biosensors is crucial in such systems due to limitation in resources such as power, chip area and cost. The optimal design involves determining the required sensor metrics and achieving these metrics with minimum use of the available resources. The system-level requirements of various biosensor arrays are discussed in this paper. We will show here, that while in certain applications, the best sensor performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or dynamic range (DR) is desirable, in others, these metrics can be traded off with power, area and ease of design and implementation. As a practical example, the design of a high DR sensor array for bioluminescence detection is considered. Various high DR schemes are qualitatively compared in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme in terms of SNR and power consumption. Two schemes are shown to be most suitable for such applications: synchronous self-reset with residue readout and read-self reset. The SNR and suitable applications of these techniques are compared in greater detail through behavioral simulations.
UV-B–Induced DNA Damage and Repair in the Mouse Lens (2013)

Even relatively modest exposures to UV-B produced 6-4 PP and CPD photolesions in lens epithelial cells. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesions were particularly prevalent and were repaired slowly if at all. Studies on sun-exposed skin have established a causal connection between photolesions and so-called UV-signature mutations. If similar mechanisms apply in the lens, it suggests that somatic mutations in lens epithelial cells may contribute to the development of cortical cataracts.
AN INEXPENSIVE SPACE-INTEGRATING LIGHT METER FOR FIELD CROP RESEARCH (1969)

not available
Sigma-pi implementation of a Gaussian classifier (1990)

In practical pattern-recognition applications, the Gaussian classifier is often suboptimal because some features are non-Gaussian or even discrete valued, the class statistics are only estimated, and the covariance matrix inversions can be ill-conditioned. The authors presently deal with these problems by mapping the Gaussian classifier to a sigma-pi neural network, to which it is isomorphic. Back-propagation learning is then used to improve classifier performance. This approach is applied to the problem of hand-printed numeral recognition and to the problem of image texture classification. For both problems, significant improvement in classification error percentages is observed for the training data and the testing data, and weights due to the mapping procedure are found to be better than purely random initial weights
Adaptación cromática y respuesta temporal de los canales cromáticos oponentes con dispositivos TRC. (1993)

Se ha realizado un estudio experimental de la influencia que los fenomenos de adaptacion cromatica presentan sobre el tiempo de reaccion visual (TRV), caracterizando la respuesta temporal de los canales cromaticos oponentes mediante dicho parametro visual. Los estimulos de color han sido generados, mediante control por software, en un monitor TRC calibrado colorimetricamente. El metodo experimental empleado, con objeto de aislar el canal de luminancia, ha sido el de sustitucion de tono. Los colores seleccionados, un total de 18, estan situados sobre las lineas de confusion rojo-verde y amarillo-azul. El nivel de luminancia fue de 13, 8 cd/m2. Los estimulos se han presentado en vision foveal centrada con un campo de 1° y el campo circundante subtendia un tamano de 20° x 15°. La adaptacion cromatica fue la correspondiente a fondos rojo, verde y azul y los efectos de la misma sobre el TRV se han estudiado en funcion del valor de S y L-2M para los canales cromaticos oponentes segan el espacio de excitacion de conos.
The object-stacking model for structuring object-based systems (2003)

Object-stacking is a model for structuring object-based systems and a mechanism for integrating multiple servers. The paper describes the object-stacking model and the structure of a distributed operating system based on this model. In object-stacking, objects are classified into stackable objects and bottom objects. These objects have uniform interfaces. Each stackable objects holds the identifiers of other stackable objects or bottom objects as lower objects. Functions of stackable objects are implemented by calling their lower objects. Bottom objects are provided by the system. Complex objects are created by stacking those objects. In object-stacking, each server provides a single high-level service, such as filtering, caching, masking, or grouping. These servers can be used together by stacking their objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low power FSM design using Huffman-style encoding (1997)

This paper presents a novel approach to synthesize low power FSMs using non-uniform code length. Switching activity is reduced by decreasing the expected number of state bits switched less than [log |S|] The state set S of the FSM is decomposed into two sets based on the limit state probabilities. The state set with very high probability is encoded with less than [log|S|] bits. The other state set, being less probable, is encoded using more than [log|S|] bits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time two code lengths ore used for one state machine. This encoding is realized by using flip-flops with gated clock. The logic generating the enable signal of the clock uses only a single minterm. The state sets can be encoded using any uniform-length encoding algorithm with objectives of low power and low area. The experiments show an average of 13% and 18% reduction in power for two encoding algorithms respectively.
Biomarkers of Periodontal Tissue Remodeling during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in <i>Mice and Men</i>: Overview and Clinical Relevance (2013)

Biologically active substances are expressed by cells within the periodontium in response to mechanical stimuli from orthodontic appliances. Several possible biomarkers representing biological modifications during specific phenomena as simile-inflammatory process, bone resorption and formation, periodontal ligament changes, and vascular and neural responses are proposed. Citations to potentially published trials were conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane databases, and scientific textbooks. Additionally, hand searching and contact with experts in the area were undertaken to identify potentially relevant published and unpublished studies. Selection criteria were as follows: animal models involving only mice and rats undergoing orthodontic treatment; collection of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a noninvasively procedure for humans; no other simultaneous treatment that could affect experimental orthodontic movement. The data suggest that knowledge of the remodeling process occurring in periodontal tissues during orthodontic and orthopedic therapies may be a clinical usefulness procedure leading to proper choice of mechanical stress to improve and to shorten the period of treatment, avoiding adverse consequences. The relevance for clinicians of evaluating the rate of some substances as valid biomarkers of periodontal effects during orthodontic movement, by means of two models of study, mice and men, is underlined.
Protein kinase Cμ downregulation of tumor‐necrosis‐factor‐induced apoptosis correlates with enhanced expression of nuclear‐factor‐κB‐dependent protective genes (1998)

Protein kinase Cmu (PKCmu) represents a new subtype of the PKC family characterized by the presence of a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and an amino-terminal hydrophobic region. In order to analyse the potential role of PKCmu in signal-transduction pathways, stable PKCmu transfectants were established with human and murine cell lines. All transfectants showed a reduced sensitivity to tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis, which correlated with the amount of transgene expressed and with an enhanced basal transcription rate of NF-kappaB-driven genes including the inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) and TNF-receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAF1). Sensitivity to apoptosis induced by the lipid mediator ceramide was unchanged in PKCmu transfectants. In support of a PKCmu action on NF-kappaB, we show enhancement and downregulation of TNF-induced expression of a NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene by transient overexpression of wild-type and kinase-negative mutants of PKCmu, respectively. Interestingly, no significant changes were found in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, indicative of PKCmu action downstream of IkappaB degradation, probably by modulation of the transactivation capacity of NF-kappaB. The dominant negative action of the kinase-negative mutant further suggest a regulatory role of PKCmu for NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression.
Extent of uncontrolled disease and associated medical costs in severe asthma – a PHARMO study (2008)

Poor control of severe asthma leads to disproportionately increased direct costs compared to severe controlled asthma, especially when hospital admission is required.
Effect of Acid and Alkaline Pyrophosphate Blends on the Natural Flora of a Cooked Meat System (1988)

ABSTRACT Cooked pork sausage was prepared by using tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) at 0 and 0.4% of the meat weight either separately or in different combinations. Samples were vacuum packaged and held in a refrigerated display case at 5°C for 21 days. Samples were also stored at room temperature (20‐22°C) for 24 and 48 hr. Neither phosphate had an effect on microbial counts during refrigerated storage up to 21 days, but SAPP caused significantly lower counts of mesophilic and facultative anaerobic organisms after 48 hr of temperature abuse. The organisms affected were streptococci or very similar coccobacilli.
Attenuating inflammation but stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis using hyperbaric oxygen in rats with traumatic brain injury (2012)

Collectively, these results suggest that HBO2 therapy may improve outcomes of TBI in rats by inhibiting activated inflammation and gliosis while stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the early stage.
A three-dimensional sensor for automatic visual inspection of soldered parts (2003)

A high-speed three-dimensional (3-D) sensor has been developed for the automatic visual inspection of soldered parts on printed circuit boards. Its advantages over existing techniques include the detection of the 3-D shape of objects with high speed and high accuracy. Using a coded fiber-optic array and a high-speed processing unit for detecting the position of the scanning light spot, the 3-D sensor is capable of obtaining 9-b range data and 7-b brightness data for 1024*1024 points within 0.85 s. An inspection system using the 3-D sensor can precisely detect the shape of solder joints and the locations of parts, and it can judge them to be good or defective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oxygen: How Do We Stand It? (2012)

The electronic structure of ground state oxygen, which is essential for the life of all aerobic organisms, makes it potentially dangerous for those organisms. Atmospheric oxygen contains two unpaired electrons with parallel spin states, which predisposes it to reduction by a univalent pathway. As a consequence, normal aerobic metabolism generates dangerous reactive intermediates of the reduction of O2. These include superoxide radical (O2*-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO*). These reactive oxygen species and others that they can engender can damage all cellular macromolecules and unless opposed by cellular defenses, would make aerobic life impossible. Such defenses include superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases, enzymes that decrease the concentration of the reactive oxygen species that are their substrates, and others that repair or recycle oxidatively damaged macromolecules. Any factor that stimulates reactive oxygen species production or suppresses the antioxidant systems would inevitably cause cell damage. The role of such oxidative damage in various diseases is well documented. In vivo detection of O2- and other reactive oxygen species is however hampered by the lack of easy, specific, and sensitive analytical methods. Potential artifacts and limitations of the most common detection methods currently in use are briefly discussed.
Fine-Grained Power-Gating Scheme of a Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor and Magnetic-Tunnel-Junction-Hybrid Bit-Serial Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (2010)

A fine-grained power-gating scheme combining metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors with magnetic-tunnel-junction (MTJ) devices, where storage data still remains even if the power supply is cut off, is proposed for an ultra low-power bit-serial ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM). Once a mismatched result is detected in a sequence of a bit-level equality-search operation, the power supply of all the cells in the word circuit is cut off, which greatly reduces the standby power dissipation in the word circuit. The standby power dissipation of the proposed TCAM in the standby mode is reduced to about 1.2% in comparison with that of a complementary MOS (CMOS)-only-based TCAM. Moreover, the power-delay product of the proposed TCAM is reduced to 15.5% in comparison with that of the corresponding CMOS-only-based TCAM.
Strain sensitivity enhancement of thin metal film strain gauges on polymer microscale structures (2006)

Arrays of identical polyimide cantilever beams have been fabricated with nickel-chrome strain gauges covering an increasing portion of the beam. In contrast to accepted beam models, testing showed that gauge factor increased 136% for polyimide beams as the strain gauge extended over a larger length of the beam. This effect is due to the high modulus of the thin film strain gauges relative to the polymer beams, a hypothesis supported by duplicate experiments with silicon nitride beams that showed a 65% reduction in gauge factor. Comparison with an analytical model and finite element analysis is also made, giving good agreement.
Breath Pentane as a Potential Biomarker for Survival in Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury—A Pilot Study (2012)

Monitoring of exhaled pentane may be useful for evaluating the severity of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and aid in predicting the outcome; propofol may improve the outcome in this situation.
Increased Membrane Ratios of Metabolite to Precursor Fatty Acid in Essential Hypertension (1997)

Desaturase enzymes are responsible for the conversion of essential fatty acids to the longer-chain eicosanoid precursors. These enzymes require zinc as an essential cofactor, and the following ratios-C20:4/C18:2, C20:5/C18:3, and C22:6/C20:5-are considered indexes of their activity. We analyzed these parameters in plasma and erythrocyte membranes of 105 essential hypertensive patients, 20 white coat hypertensive patients, and 100 age-matched normotensive control subjects. Dietary analysis excluded significant quantitative and qualitative differences in fatty acid dietary intake between essential hypertensive patients and normotensive control subjects. Zinc levels and C20:4/C18:2, C20:5/C18:3, and C22:6/ C20:5 ratios were significantly higher in essential hypertensive patients than control subjects, whereas white coat hypertensive patients showed intermediate values for all these parameters. These data provide evidence for an alteration in fatty acid metabolism of essential hypertensive patients, consistent with increased activity of desaturase enzymes. The consequent greater bioavailability of eicosanoid precursors, and in particular of arachidonic acid, could affect several vascular functions and have a bearing on the pathogenesis or complications of hypertension.
Adaptive Blind Signal and Image Processing: Learning Algorithms and Applications (2002)

From the Publisher:
With solid theoretical foundations and numerous potential applications, Blind Signal Processing (BSP) is one of the hottest emerging areas in Signal Processing. This volume unifies and extends the theories of adaptive blind signal and image processing and provides practical and efficient algorithms for blind source separation, Independent, Principal, Minor Component Analysis, and Multichannel Blind Deconvolution (MBD) and Equalization. Containing over 1400 references and mathematical expressions Adaptive Blind Signal and Image Processing delivers an unprecedented collection of useful techniques for adaptive blind signal/image separation, extraction, decomposition and filtering of multi-variable signals and data.
Offers a broad coverage of blind signal processing techniques and algorithms both from a theoretical and practical point of viewPresents more than 50 simple algorithms that can be easily modified to suit the reader's specific real world problemsProvides a guide to fundamental mathematics of multi-input, multi-output and multi-sensory systemsIncludes illustrative worked examples, computer simulations, tables, detailed graphs and conceptual models within self contained chapters to assist self studyAccompanying CD-ROM features an electronic, interactive version of the book with fully coloured figures and text. C and MATLAB user-friendly software packages are also provided
MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
By providing a detailed introduction to BSP, as well as presenting new results and recent developments, this informative and inspiring work will appeal to researchers, postgraduate students, engineers and scientists working in biomedical engineering, communications, electronics, computer science, optimisations, finance, geophysics and neural networks.
Efficient digital receiver structure for trellis-coded signals transmitted through channels with intersymbol interference (1987)

The letter describes a receiver structure suitable for trelliscoded data signals transmitted through channels introducing intersymbol interference. The simulation results show that the receiver is immune to deep selective fades, which makes it attractive in radio applications.
Authenticity in Listening Assessment (2018)

It is argued that the assessment of listening appears to have changed little over the past 30 years. Generally speaking, it does not appear to reflect changes in the way listening is taught, or encourage 21st‐century thinking skills such as evaluation and creativity. It often ignores the fact that English is spoken globally and that many national varieties of English exist. On the whole, listening tests tend to be inauthentic in terms of texts, tasks, and learner responses. They provide no personal reason for listening and tend to focus on a narrow range of listening skills. A discussion of what authenticity in listening assessment might involve is followed by suggestions of some ways in which listening assessments could be designed to be more authentic.
Mutation rate and genotype variation of Ebola virus from Mali case sequences (2015)

The occurrence of Ebola virus (EBOV) in West Africa during 2013-2015 is unprecedented. Early reports suggested that in this outbreak EBOV is mutating twice as fast as previously observed, which indicates the potential for changes in transmissibility and virulence and could render current molecular diagnostics and countermeasures ineffective. We have determined additional full-length sequences from two clusters of imported EBOV infections into Mali, and we show that the nucleotide substitution rate (9.6 × 10(-4) substitutions per site per year) is consistent with rates observed in Central African outbreaks. In addition, overall variation among all genotypes observed remains low. Thus, our data indicate that EBOV is not undergoing rapid evolution in humans during the current outbreak. This finding has important implications for outbreak response and public health decisions and should alleviate several previously raised concerns.
Chemical and nutritional changes in stored herring meal. 2 (1960)

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A 1.7mW 11b 1&#x2013;1&#x2013;1 MASH &#x0394;&#x03A3; time-to-digital converter (2011)

Recently, high-resolution TDCs have gained more and more popularity due to their increasing implementation in digital PLLs, ADCs, jitter measurement and time-of-flight measurement units. Similar to ADCs, existing architectures of TDCs can be divided into several categories: flash TDCs, pipeline TDCs, and SAR TDCs. The highest achievable time resolution of a TDC is mainly limited by the CMOS gate delay. In order to achieve sub-gate-delay resolution, the Vernier method is commonly used. However, the mismatch problem caused by process variation limits its effectiveness, and the same holds for the time amplification method. The gated-ring-oscillator (GRO) method is introduced to achieve sub-ps time resolution, but it still requires an equivalent CMOS gate delay as low as 6ps. Upcoming applications in 4,h-generation nuclear reactors, space, and high-energy physics such as the large Hadron collider (LHC), require the TDC to achieve a high time resolution in harsh environments with high tem perature and radiation, where the threshold voltage, transconductance, and delay of a transistor undergo dramatic changes. In these cases, the high accu racy and robustness of the TDC need to be inherent to the design rather than by employing a fast CMOS technology.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL CHELATES WITH SCHIFF BASES PART 1, CO(II), NI(II), CU(II), ZN(II) AND CD(II) COMPLEXES WITH ETHYL 3‐((O‐ARSONOPHENYL)IMINO)BUTYRATE AND N‐(1‐METHYL‐3‐OXOBUTYLIDENE)‐O‐ARSANILIC ACID (1975)

Abstract Die aus Äthylacetoessigsäureester oder Acetylaceton und o‐Arsanilsäure synthetisierten Schiffschen Basen bilden bei der molaren 1:1‐Umsetzung mit entsprechenden Metallacetaten in siedendem Äthanol die Komplexe (I)‐(V).
Nonenzymatic versus Enzymatic Hepatocyte Isolation from Pig Livers for Larger Scale Investigations of Liver Cell Perfusion Systems (1993)

A comparison of nonenzymatic and enzymatic hepatocyte isolation was performed on pig livers. The collagenase perfusion showed superior results: mean viability 72 +/- 10% versus a maximum viability of 21% using EDTA-perfusion. A five-step collagenase perfusion technique, developed for pig livers enables larger scale investigations, in order to develop methods for hepatocyte cultures in therapeutical liver cell perfusion systems.