gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrent acquisition and processing of multi-spectral shadow information for 3D computer vision (2002)

This paper presents a novel method of recovering the three-dimensional information of objects using multispectral shadow information. In the method, multiple light sources of different power spectral distribution and illumination direction are concurrently projected onto the object. This increases both the image acquisition and subsequent processing speed. A novel method of optimizing the allocation of the power spectral distribution of light sources is formulated. This not only ensures robust three-dimensional (3D) visual information recovery, but also overcomes the problem of the drifting of reflectance characteristic of the object and background. A fast 3D vision inspection and measurement technique is suggested which further enhances the processing speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cystic Renal Neoplasia Following Conditional Inactivation of Apc in Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelium (2004)

Alterations in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling have been linked to abnormal kidney development and tumorigenesis. To gain more insights into the effects of these alterations, we created mice carrying a conditional deletion of the Apc tumor suppressor gene specifically in the renal epithelium. As expected, the loss of Apc leads to increased levels of beta-catenin protein in renal epithelium. Most of these mice die shortly after birth, and multiple kidney cysts were found upon histological examination. Only rarely did these animals survive to adulthood. Analysis of these adults revealed severely cystic kidneys associated with the presence of renal adenomas. Our results confirm an important role for proper regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in renal development and provide evidence that dysregulation of the pathway can initiate tumorigenesis in the kidney.
Real-time colour hologram generation based on ray-sampling plane with multi-GPU acceleration (2018)

Although electro-holography can reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) motion pictures, its computational cost is too heavy to allow for real-time reconstruction of 3D motion pictures. This study explores accelerating colour hologram generation using light-ray information on a ray-sampling (RS) plane with a graphics processing unit (GPU) to realise a real-time holographic display system. We refer to an image corresponding to light-ray information as an RS image. Colour holograms were generated from three RS images with resolutions of 2,048 × 2,048; 3,072 × 3,072 and 4,096 × 4,096 pixels. The computational results indicate that the generation of the colour holograms using multiple GPUs (NVIDIA Geforce GTX 1080) was approximately 300-500 times faster than those generated using a central processing unit. In addition, the results demonstrate that 3D motion pictures were successfully reconstructed from RS images of 3,072 × 3,072 pixels at approximately 15 frames per second using an electro-holographic reconstruction system in which colour holograms were generated from RS images in real time.
Standardized mouse infection models as a way of evaluating the potency of anti-infectious agents. (1992)

Standardized bacterial and viral mouse infection models have been developed. Infections with extracellular bacteria (K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes A) were produced by either of two routes: via the intravenous route (i.v.) resulting in septicaemia and the intranasal route (i.n.) giving infections confined to the respiratory apparatus. Infections with intracellular bacteria (L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium) were produced only by the i.v. route. Two types of viral infection, mild and severe, were produced. Infection with influenza virus was by aerosol and herpes virus HSV-1 by the intraperitoneal route. All infection models produced under strictly controlled conditions were shown to be characterized by a remarkable reproducibility regarding both the pattern of development and death rate. The infection models lend themselves to estimation of the efficacy of a drug as well as the designing of new therapeutic strategies.
Analysis of the preexisting and nuclear forms of nuclear factor of activated T cells. (1993)

The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT)3 is an inducible DNA-binding protein that is essential for transcriptional induction of the IL-2 gene during T cell activation. NF-AT is thought to consist of two components: a ubiquitous, inducible nuclear component that we have identified as Fos and Jun proteins, and a preexisting, T cell-specific component (NF-ATp) which is the target for the immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506. We have previously shown that nuclear extracts from activated T cells form two inducible NF-AT complexes with an oligonucleotide corresponding to the distal NF-AT site of the murine IL-2 promoter, although hypotonic extracts of unstimulated T cells form a single complex containing NF-ATp. We show that the ability to detect NF-ATp in a gel shift assay, which is essential for purification and biochemical studies of this protein, is strikingly dependent on the precise sequence of the NF-AT oligonucleotide used as the labeled probe. Moreover we present evidence that the component that forms the faster-migrating ("lower") nuclear NF-AT complex is derived by a calcium-dependent, cyclosporin-sensitive, posttranslational modification of NF-ATp, and that Fos and Jun proteins stabilize its interaction with DNA. The results are discussed in the context of a model relating the two nuclear NF-AT complexes to NF-ATp.
Preconditioning human ventricular cardiomyocytes with brief periods of simulated ischaemia (1994)

Ischaemic preconditioning can be induced in human cardiomyocytes independent of other cell types. The effect can be established in human cell cultures.
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate and Methanethiol Are Important Precursors of Methionine and Protein-Sulfur in Marine Bacterioplankton (1999)

Organic sulfur compounds are present in all aquatic systems, but their use as sources of sulfur for bacteria is generally not considered important because of the high sulfate concentrations in natural waters. This study investigated whether dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an algal osmolyte that is abundant and rapidly cycled in seawater, is used as a source of sulfur by bacterioplankton. Natural populations of bacterioplankton from subtropical and temperate marine waters rapidly incorporated 15 to 40% of the sulfur from tracer-level additions of [(35)S]DMSP into a macromolecule fraction. Tests with proteinase K and chloramphenicol showed that the sulfur from DMSP was incorporated into proteins, and analysis of protein hydrolysis products by high-pressure liquid chromatography showed that methionine was the major labeled amino acid produced from [(35)S]DMSP. Bacterial strains isolated from coastal seawater and belonging to the alpha-subdivision of the division Proteobacteria incorporated DMSP sulfur into protein only if they were capable of degrading DMSP to methanethiol (MeSH), whereas MeSH was rapidly incorporated into macromolecules by all tested strains and by natural bacterioplankton. These findings indicate that the demethylation/demethiolation pathway of DMSP degradation is important for sulfur assimilation and that MeSH is a key intermediate in the pathway leading to protein sulfur. Incorporation of sulfur from DMSP and MeSH by natural populations was inhibited by nanomolar levels of other reduced sulfur compounds including sulfide, methionine, homocysteine, cysteine, and cystathionine. In addition, propargylglycine and vinylglycine were potent inhibitors of incorporation of sulfur from DMSP and MeSH, suggesting involvement of the enzyme cystathionine gamma-synthetase in sulfur assimilation by natural populations. Experiments with [methyl-(3)H]MeSH and [(35)S]MeSH showed that the entire methiol group of MeSH was efficiently incorporated into methionine, a reaction consistent with activity of cystathionine gamma-synthetase. Field data from the Gulf of Mexico indicated that natural turnover of DMSP supplied a major fraction of the sulfur required for bacterial growth in surface waters. Our study highlights a remarkable adaptation by marine bacteria: they exploit nanomolar levels of reduced sulfur in apparent preference to sulfate, which is present at 10(6)- to 10(7)-fold higher concentrations.
Review of Lutetium-177-labeled Anti-prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Monoclonal Antibody J591 for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (2020)

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men in the United States and is the second most common cause of cancer deaths after lung cancer in men. Despite all advances in the field of prostate cancer imaging and treatment, currently, it is sub-optimally responsive to all available treatment options. Radioimmunotherapy with a monoclonal antibody (mAb), J591, has shown promising results in the treatment of prostate cancer. J591 is a deimmunized mAb that targets the extracellular domain of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a surface-bound and internalizing glycoprotein that is upregulated in prostate cancer. Phase I/II clinical trials have shown accurate tumor targeting, biochemical and radiographic responses, and increased overall survival in patients with mCRPC with tolerable, predictable, and reversible myelotoxicity. Ongoing studies focus on improving the therapeutic index of radiolabeled J591. Herein, the literature on published clinical trials involving therapeutic J591 conjugated to b-emitter, lutetium-177 for mCRPC, is sequentially reviewed.
A prospective study of the prevalence of periapical pathology in severely worn teeth (2011)

The aim of this article was to carry out a prospective audit on a convenience sample of all new patients referred to the toothwear clinic at Cardiff University Dental Hospital to establish the prevalence of undiagnosed periapical pathology. Clinical Relevance: The low prevalence value for undiagnosed periapical pathology in patients with advanced toothwear suggests that, for many patients, toothwear is a slow process which allows the defence mechanisms of the pulp to counteract the effects of wear. It also questions the necessity of taking routine radiographs of teeth with wear into dentine, in the absence of clinical symptoms. This would reduce the total radiation dose delivered to the patient and preserve valuable healthcare resources.
Adaptation for active noise control (1997)

In active noise control, adaptive approaches play an essential role when dealing with uncertainties and changes in noise and control path dynamics of sound propagation. This article is concerned with two new adaptive schemes. One is a direct adaptive approach which can explicitly update a feedforward controller with guaranteed stability on the assumption that the control path dynamics are known a priori. The other is an indirect adaptive approach which is available when the both noise and control path dynamics are uncertain and changeable. The algorithm consists of online identification of two relevant transfer function models and real-time calculation of the corresponding feedforward controller. The two adaptive schemes are examined in experimental studies in an air duct system and their effectiveness is shown by the results.
Programming by demonstration: a machine learning approach (2001)

Programming by demonstration (PBD) enables users to construct programs to automate repetitive tasks without writing a line of code. The key idea in PBD is to generalize from the user&apos;s demonstration of the program on a concrete example to a robust program that will work in new situations. Previous approaches to PBD have employed heuristic, domain-specific algorithms to generalize from a small number of examples. In this thesis, we formalize programming by demonstration as a machine learning problem: given the changes in the application state that result from the user&apos;s demonstrated actions, learn the sequence of instructions that map from one application state to the next. We propose a domain-independent machine learning approach to PBD that is capable of learning useful programs from a small number of examples. This approach addresses two difficult questions: (1) How do we construct the search space of possible program statements? (2) How do we search this large space efficiently? Our solution is based on the concept of version space algebra. Mitchell [55] formalized concept learning as a search through a version space of hypotheses consistent with the examples. Concept learning may be thought of as learning functions that map from an instance to a binary classification. In this work, we extend version spaces to apply to complex functions: functions that map from one complex object to another. We then present version space algebra, a means for combining several small spaces in order to construct complex version s...
Tracking a hand manipulating an object (2009)

We present a method for tracking a hand while it is interacting with an object. This setting is arguably the one where hand-tracking has most practical relevance, but poses significant additional challenges: strong occlusions by the object as well as self-occlusions are the norm, and classical anatomical constraints need to be softened due to the external forces between hand and object. To achieve robustness to partial occlusions, we use an individual local tracker for each segment of the articulated structure. The segments are connected in a pairwise Markov random field, which enforces the anatomical hand structure through soft constraints on the joints between adjacent segments. The most likely hand configuration is found with belief propagation. Both range and color data are used as input. Experiments are presented for synthetic data with ground truth and for real data of people manipulating objects.
Parameter optimization, interleaving and multiple access in OFDM with cyclic delay diversity (2005)

Cyclic delay diversity is a simple transmit diversity technique for coded OFDM systems with multiple transmit antennas. It does neither require an extended guard interval nor modifications of the standard OFDM receiver. We discuss the problem of choosing the cyclic delays and propose a solution which enables us to exploit the full spatial diversity in flat fading and. frequency-selective channels with unknown delay spread. As a result, the spatial diversity is transformed into frequency diversity between neighbouring subcarriers. This imposes certain restrictions on the channel coding and interleaving scheme. Furthermore, we address multi user aspects and propose an interleaving and multiple access strategy which guarantees that all users obtain the maximum possible diversity advantage using FEC codes with a limited constraint length.
Analyzing Spin Selectivity in DNA-Mediated Charge Transfer <i>via</i> Fluorescence Microscopy (2017)

Understanding spin-selective interactions between electrons and chiral molecules is critical to elucidating the significance of electron spin in biological processes and to assessing the potential of chiral assemblies for organic spintronics applications. Here, we use fluorescence microscopy to visualize the effects of spin-dependent charge transport in self-assembled monolayers of double-stranded DNA on ferromagnetic substrates. Patterned DNA arrays provide background regions for every measurement to enable quantification of substrate magnetization-dependent fluorescence due to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect. Fluorescence quenching of photoexcited dye molecules bound within DNA duplexes is dependent upon the rate of charge separation/recombination upon photoexcitation and the efficiency of DNA-mediated charge transfer to the surface. The latter process is modulated using an external magnetic field to switch the magnetization orientation of the underlying ferromagnetic substrates. We discuss our results in the context of the current literature on the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect across various systems.
[Oxygen consumption rate and effects of hypoxia stress on enzyme activities of Sepiella maindron]. (2008)

The oxygen consumption rate and suffocation point of Sepiella maindroni were determined through the measurement of dissolved oxygen in control and experimental respiration chambers by Winkler's method, and the changes of S. maindroni enzyme activities under different levels of hypoxia stress were studied. The results indicated that the oxygen consumption rate of S. maindroni exhibited an obvious diurnal fluctuation of 'up-down-up-down', and positively correlated with water temperature (16 degrees C-28 degrees C) and illumination (3-500 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1)) while negatively correlated with water pH (6.25-9.25). With increasing water salinity from 18.1 to 29.8, the oxygen consumption rate had a variation of 'up-down-up', being the lowest at salinity 24. 8. Female S. maindroni had a higher oxygen consumption rate than male S. maindroni. The suffocation point of S. maindroni decreased with its increasing body mass, and that of (38.70 +/- 0.52) g in mass was (0.9427 +/- 0.0318) mg x L(-1). With the increase of hypoxia stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) decreased after an initial increase, lipase activity decreased, protease activity had a variation of 'decrease-increase-decrease', and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity had a trend of increasing first and decreasing then. The enzyme activities were higher under hypoxia stress than under normal conditions.
A performance-power evaluation of FinFET flip-flops under process variations (2011)

In this paper we present a performance-power study of three flip-flops using FinFET technology. First we tested the original designs with Monte Carlo variations, and then biased the back gate of the FinFETs. We report the following flip-flop delays: setup, clock to Q, and hold times. Setup and clock to Q times (called register delay) are in the pipeline stage critical path. Our study shows that the Low Delay (LDFF) flip-flop has the shortest register delay of 5.7ps. The flip-flop with the lowest power consumption is LPFF with 17.4 μW. Our simulations were performed using the University of Florida UFDG: Double-Gate MOSFET Model through the interface of Spice3f5 and Ngspice (ngspice3.ufdg-3.7) and a 32nm technology.
Reconfigurable free-space optical cores for storage area networks (2005)

The role of the optical storage area network is becoming increasingly important in computer network architectures, with the amount of information being presented and requested on the Internet ever increasing. One of the key questions is what is the role of, and how do we control, an optical switch core within a SAN to optimize its performance. In this article we review two potential optical switch technologies and assess their performance as a SAN optical switch core.
Towards automation of palynology 3: pollen pattern recognition using Gabor transforms and digital moments (2004)

Abstract The classification of pollen grains using texture information in combination with shape features is presented in this paper. The surface texture of pollen is characterised by using Gabor transforms, the geometric shape is described by using moment invariants, and the pollen grains are classified by an artificial neural network. In an experiment with five types of pollen grains, more than 97% of samples are correctly classified. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetically Engineered Plasmonic Nanoarrays (2012)

In the present Letter, we demonstrate how the design of metallic nanoparticle arrays with large electric field enhancement can be performed using the basic paradigm of engineering, namely the optimization of a well-defined objective function. Such optimization is carried out by coupling a genetic algorithm with the analytical multiparticle Mie theory. General design criteria for best enhancement of electric fields are obtained, unveiling the fundamental interplay between the near-field plasmonic and radiative photonic coupling. Our optimization approach is experimentally validated by surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements, which demonstrate how genetically optimized arrays, fabricated using electron beam lithography, lead to order of ten improvement of Raman enhancement over nanoparticle dimer antennas, and order of one hundred improvement over optimal nanoparticle gratings. A rigorous design of nanoparticle arrays with optimal field enhancement is essential to the engineering of numerous nanoscale optical devices such as plasmon-enhanced biosensors, photodetectors, light sources and more efficient nonlinear optical elements for on chip integration.
Steps toward a globally available malaria vaccine (2012)

Malaria is an infectious disease that threatens half of the world's population. This debilitating disease is caused by infection from parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Insecticides, bed nets and drug therapies have lowered the prevalence and death rate associated with malaria but this disease continues to plague many populations around the world. In recent years, many organizations have suggested developing methods for a complete eradication of malaria. The most straightforward and effective method for this potential eradication will be through the development of a low-cost vaccine. To achieve eradication, it will be necessary to develop new vaccine candidates and novel systems for both the production and delivery of these vaccines. Recently, the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used for the recombinant expression of malaria vaccine candidates including the transmission blocking vaccine candidate Pfs48/45. Here, we discuss the potential of this research on the future development of a low-cost malaria vaccine candidate.
CME Management of diabetes in patients with end-stage kidney disease (2012)

Physiologic changes in diabetic patients with deteriorating kidney function require close monitoring and dose adjustments in their antihyperglycemic medications.
Autonomic Molecular Transport by Polymer Films Containing Programmed Chemical Potential Gradients (2015)

Materials which induce molecular motion without external input offer unique opportunities for spatial manipulation of molecules. Here, we present the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel films containing built-in chemical gradients (enthalpic gradients) to direct molecular transport. Using a cationic tertiary amine gradient, anionic molecules were directionally transported up to several millimeters. A 40-fold concentration of anionic molecules dosed in aerosol form on a substrate to a small region at the center of a radially symmetric cationic gradient was observed. The separation of mixtures of charged dye molecules was demonstrated using a boronic acid-to-cationic gradient where one molecule was attracted to the boronic acid end of the gradient, and the other to the cationic end of the gradient. Theoretical and computational analysis provides a quantitative description of such anisotropic molecular transport, and reveals that the gradient-imposed drift velocity is in the range of hundreds of nanometers per second, comparable to the transport velocities of biomolecular motors. This general concept of enthalpy gradient-directed molecular transport should enable the autonomous processing of a diversity of chemical species.
Spatial aspects of disease dynamics (2002)

Abstract Landscape epidemiology focuses on the biotic and abiotic factors that influence the manner in which disease agents spread spatially between sub-populations of hosts (Pavlovsky 1966; Meade et al. 1988). With the advent of advanced technology for gathering and analysing extensive data on the structure of the landscape and the way host populations use this landscape, coupled with a realization that spatial structuring is important, landscape epidemiology has blossomed as a field of study. Advances in remote sensing and geographic information systems (Box 6.1) allow researchers to explain current.