gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Vaccines and Delivery Strategies for Adult Immunization (2011)

A series of new vaccines have recently been licensed or are at advanced stages of development. Among the illnesses targeted are herpes zoster, meningococcal meningitis serogroup B and pneumococcal disease, which represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. Zoster is a localized, painful cutaneous eruption caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV). Approximately one in three persons will develop zoster during their lifetime, occurring most frequently among older adults and immunocompromised persons. Possible complications of zoster are postherpetic neuralgia, facial scarring, and loss of vision. Licensed zoster vaccine is a lyophilized preparation of a live, attenuated strain of VZV recommended for all persons aged 60 years or more who have no contraindications. Serogroup B meningococci represent the main cause of meningococcal disease in developed countries. Previous efforts for the production of an effective and safe vaccine have focused on outer membrane vesicle vaccines, which have been implemented successfully during clonal outbreaks. Nevertheless, ongoing research is being directed towards a universal vaccine against endemic polyclonal serogroup B meningococcal disease. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of community acquired pneumonia in adults. The use of an adult 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could optimize protection against pneumococcal disease over the lifetime of the individual overcoming some of the limitations of the 23-valent polysaccharide. In addition to these efforts, progress is being made on dose sparing strategies that use intradermal delivery with microneedles in order to simplify administration and face possible shortages of vaccines. Despite the established benefit of intramuscular influenza vaccination, intradermal administration with comparable or improved immunogenicity is being explored. Keywords: Vaccines, Herpes Zoster, serogroup B meningococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, conjugate vaccines, intradermal administration, Immunization, meningococcal meningitis, varicella zoster virus, neuralgia, influenza, sepsis, antimicrobial therapy, polysialated glycoproteins, Cuban meningococcal, HexaMen, PorA antigens, NonaMen, N. lactamica, N. meningitidis, GNA2132, GNA1870, Wyeth rLP2086, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, Zostavax, Varivax, Langerhans cells, hepatitis B, meningococcaemia, rLP2086, AIDS
Smart Card Manufacturing: A Practical Guide (2002)

From the Publisher:
Demand for the increased protection of personal data has caused a significant rise in the profile of smart cards, and this will continue to be a major growth area with secure mobile communication and e-commerce applications . An understanding of the structure and manufacturing of smart cards is key to the continued development of intelligent systems. First published in German, Hanser, Haghiri and Tarantino have produced the standard reference on the structure of smart cards and the technologies for embedding chips into smart cards. Detailed coverage of the practicalities and mechanics of smart card manufacture will appeal to a range of software developers, practitioners and students from within the electronics, security, and communications arenas. * Details the structure and manufacturing processes of smart cards, an area largely omitted from other recent publications. * Coverage of the full range of techniques applied to the development and production of smart cards. * Presents an overview of the development of smartcards and the range of their evolving applications.
Radiation transport calculations for 50 MV photon therapy beam using the Monte Carlo code GEANT4 (2005)

A new thin transmission target technique for fast dose delivery using narrow scanned photon beams has been developed. High-energy, 50-100 MeV, electron beams of low emittance incident on thin low-Z targets produce narrow and intense high-energy bremsstrahlung beams. However, electrons transmitted through the target are bent from the therapeutic beam by a purging magnet and have to be effectively absorbed in a dedicated electron collector. The electron-photon transport through a treatment head has been studied using the Monte Carlo simulation toolkit Geant4. The Geant4 electromagnetic physics processes have been compared with experimental data of radial dose profiles. The differences between calculated and measured radial dose distributions are approximately 2-10%. Preliminary investigations of the collector design have been carried out in order to minimise secondary electron and photon contamination of the therapeutic beam. The toolkit presented here is promising for further development of narrow photon beam therapy.
KAPOSIʼS SARCOMA: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM (1965)

REYNOLDS, WILLIAM A. M.D.; WINKELMANN, R K M.D.; SOULE, EDWARD H. M.D. Author Information
<b> <i>N</i> </b> ‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase III expression is regulated by cell‐cell adhesion <b> <i>via</i> </b> the E‐cadherin–catenin–actin complex (2008)

Recently, our research group investigated the effects of cell-cell interactions on N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans). We found that N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) activity, and thus, the enzyme product-bisected N-glycans were induced in cells cultured under dense condition in an E-cadherin-dependent manner. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanism, we examined the effects of alpha-catenin, which is a component of the E-cadherin-catenin complex that can bind to actin cytoskeleton, on the regulation of GnT-III expression in the human colon carcinoma DLD-1 cells. GnT-III activity was not substantially increased in cells cultured under dense conditions, compared with those cultured under sparse conditions. However, restoration of alpha-catenin gene to DLD-1 cells resulted in a significant increase in GnT-III activity and in production of the bisected N-glycans, which were detected by E(4)-PHA, suggesting that the E-cadherin-catenin complex is required for the induction. Moreover, treatment with cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of F-actin polymerization, completely blocked the upregulation of GnT-III expression in the dense culture. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that GnT-III expression is tightly regulated by cell-cell adhesion via the E-cadherin-catenin complex and actin cytoskeleton formation.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Circulation in Cancer Patients May Not Be a Relevant Biomarker (2011)

Our findings suggest that "true" freely cVEGF levels are not elevated in the majority of cancer patients. Previously reported elevated plasma VEGF levels in cancer appear to be due to artificial release from activated platelets, which in cancer have an increased VEGF content, during the blood harvest procedure. Only in patients with RCC, which is characterized by excessive VEGF production due to a specific genetic defect, were cVEGF levels elevated. This observation may be related to limited and selective success of anti-VEGF agents, such as bevacizumab and sorafenib, as monotherapy in RCC compared to other forms of cancer.
Verbal communication impacts quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2015)

Global quality of life (QoL) in patients with ALS has been found to be independent of overall physical function. However, the relationship between verbal communication ability and QoL has not been explored. This was a retrospective study using data from a study validating the ALS-Specific QoL Questionnaire (ALSSQoL). Speech function was assessed using the first question on the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS), ranging from 4 (normal speech) to 0 (loss of useful speech). There were 338 participants for whom data were available for speech function and for all ALSSQoL subscales. Analysis of variance revealed that QoL varied among individuals with different functional abilities for speech (F (4,333) = 5.13, p = 0.001). Specifically, poorer QoL was related to initial impairments in verbal communication ability (p = 0.005). QoL also was poorer in those with no speech ability compared to those with normal speech (p = 0.008). In conclusion, the ability to communicate verbally, unlike overall physical function, is directly related to overall QoL in patients with ALS. The initial period of speech impairment appears to have a particularly strong impact on QoL, and may be an important time for intervention.
Graphite on paper as material for sensitive thermoresistive sensors (2015)

We report on the thermoresistive properties of graphite on paper (GOP). A large temperature coefficient of resistance was observed and a highly sensitive GOP-based anemometer was demonstrated, indicating strong feasibility of using the GOP for low-cost thermoresistive sensors.
Activity of Polymyxin B and the Novel Polymyxin Analogue CB-182,804 Against Contemporary Gram-Negative Pathogens in New York City (2011)

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become common in many regions, often requiring therapy with colistin or polymyxin B. An increase in resistance to these agents would render many infections untreatable. We tested the activity of polymyxin B and the novel polymyxin analogue CB-182,804 against over 5,000 recent Gram-negative clinical isolates from New York City, a region with a high prevalence of multiresistant strains. Over 96% of Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa were susceptible to polymyxin B; only 76% of Enterobacter spp. was susceptible. The MICs of CB-182,804 were generally two-fold higher than polymyxin B and cross-resistance was observed. The addition of rifampin resulted in synergistic inhibition and bactericidal activity in time kill studies, and restored activity against all polymyxin-resistant strains. The synergistic effect of the combination with rifampin was most pronounced against A. baumannii strains, and was slightly greater with CB-182,804 than with polymyxin B against K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. Despite considerable usage of polymyxin B and colistin in this region, polymyxin B retains excellent activity against most Gram-negative isolates. CB-182,804 shows similar activity, particularly when combined with rifampin. The clinical utility of CB-182,804 remains to be determined.
Stability of HPRT Marker Gene Expression at Different Gene-Targeted Loci: Observing and Overcoming a Position Effect (1997)

For sophisticated gene targeting procedures requiring two sequential selective steps to operate efficiently it is essential that the marker genes used are not prone to position effects. The double replacement gene targeting procedure, to produce mice with subtle gene alterations, is based on the use of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase ( HPRT) minigenes in HPRT-deficient embryonic stem cells. Our standard HPRTminigene, under the control of the mouse phosphoglycerate kinase-1 gene promoter, was stably expressed at five of six target loci examined. At the remaining locus, DNA ligase I (Lig1), expression of this minigene was highly unstable. A different minigene, under the control of the mouse HPRT promoter and embedded in its natural CpG-rich island, overcame this position effect and was stably expressed when targeted to the identical site in the Lig1 locus. The promoter region of the stably expressed minigene remained unmethylated, while the promoter of the unstably expressed minigene rapidly became fully methylated. The difference in the stability of HPRT minigene expression at the same target locus can be explained in the context of the different lengths of their CpG-rich promoter regions with associated transcription factors and a resulting difference in their susceptibility to DNA methylation, rather than by differences in promoter strength.
Designing asynchronous standby circuits for a low-power pager (1999)

We have designed asynchronous standby circuits for a pager decoder which dissipate four times less power and are 40% larger in size than synchronous designs. For the total pager unit this means a 37% reduction in power dissipation for nearly no additional area. The decoded chip, which apart from the standby circuits is completely synchronous, has been fabricated and was first-time-right. Two problems had to be solved to incorporate asynchronous subcircuits in a synchronous environment: synchronization and testing. A synchronization scheme is described that allows a free intermixing of asynchronous and synchronous modules and a test strategy is proposed in which the scan test facilities in the synchronous environment are used to test the asynchronous modules. One function is prevalent in the standby circuits, namely counting. In an appendix we present the asynchronous design of a so-called loadable counter whose power consumption does not depend on its size.
Transparent tracing of microservice-based applications (2019)

Tracing has been applied to study and understand the behavior and performance of distributed systems. Despite the attention this topic has received, two important aspects are still challenges and especially harmful in the context of microservice-based applications: source code instrumentation and performance overhead. Existing attempts resort on working around overhead (e.g., sampling techniques) and do not address microservices architecture's high technological heterogeneity. Our main contribution is a novel approach for tracing microservices which joins proxies' usage (for handling tracing concerns) and operating system syscalls monitoring (for diagnosing causality between multiple requests). It makes advances on the field by completely separating instrumentation and application code while minimizing performance overhead. We carry out a performance evaluation to show the impact of our solution on the execution of microservice-based applications. Our proposal fosters developers' productivity by allowing them to focus on business logic instead of instrumentation and copes with the intrinsic heterogeneity of microservices by relying on deployment modifications and operating systems mechanisms solely.
Modeling peer-peer file sharing systems (2004)

Peer-peer networking has recently emerged as a new paradigm for building distributed networked applications. We develop simple mathematical models to explore and illustrate fundamental performance issues of peer-peer file sharing systems. The modeling framework introduced and the corresponding solution methods are flexible enough to accommodate different characteristics of such systems. Through the specification of model parameters, we apply our framework to three different peer-peer architectures: centralized indexing, distributed indexing with flooded queries, and distributed indexing with hashing directed queries. Using our model, we investigate the effects of system scaling, freeloaders, file popularity and availability on system performance. In particular, we observe that a system with distributed indexing and flooded queries cannot exploit the full capacity of peer-peer systems. We further show that peer-peer file sharing systems can tolerate a significant number of freeloaders without suffering much performance degradation. In many cases, freeloaders can benefit from the available spare capacity of peer-peer systems and increase overall system throughput. Our work shows that simple models coupled with efficient solution methods can be used to understand and answer questions related to the performance of peer-peer file sharing systems.
Packaging methodology for RF devices using a BCB membrane transfer technique (2006)

This paper presents a whole benzocyclobutene (BCB) film encapsulated 0-level packaging using a wafer level BCB bonding technique. The wafer-scale membrane transfer technique using silicon carrier wafers was used to make BCB membrane caps for encapsulation placed above the device wafers. The BCB multiple coating process using CYCLOTENE 4026-46 was developed to make an encapsulation cap. The average height of the BCB cap was 40 µm with a little curvature on the membrane for the dimension of 2 mm × 3 mm. The RF characteristics using coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines were measured to evaluate the effect of BCB film packaging and the results were compared with those of pyrex #7740 glass packaged CPW lines. It shows that the insertion loss (S12) of BCB-packaged CPW lines is better than that of pyrex glass packaged CPW lines at high frequencies. The insertion loss change of CPW lines by BCB film packaging is below 0.01 dB up to 90 GHz, while the glass-packaged CPW lines show about 0.1 dB deviation from 20 GHz to 110 GHz.
Angiogenin is up‐regulated in the nucleus and cytoplasm in human primary breast carcinoma and is associated with markers of hypoxia but not survival (2005)

Angiogenin, a 14.2 kD polypeptide that was originally noted for its angiogenic activity, is now increasingly recognized to have a multiplicity of biological roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. In breast cancer, there are conflicting studies questioning the role of angiogenin. Here, the pattern of expression of angiogenin during the transition from normal breast tissue to ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma is reported together with the correlates between the level of angiogenin in 239 invasive carcinomas and standard clinicopathological parameters, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha and the HIF-1 alpha target gene DEC-1. This study shows that angiogenin expression is up-regulated in the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments in in situ carcinoma and invasive carcinoma compared with normal breast tissue and that angiogenin expression in invasive carcinomas is significantly positively associated with high tumour grade (p = 0.03), positive oestrogen receptor (ER) status (p = 0.01), HIF-1 alpha (p = 0.001) and DEC 1 (p = 0.001), but not with patient age (p = 0.8), tumour size (p = 0.25), lymph node status (p = 0.69), epidermal growth factor receptor (p = 0.56) or microvessel density (p = 0.32). No difference in relapse-free (p = 0.26) or overall (p = 0.63) survival was observed in patients stratified by angiogenin expression. This study suggests that angiogenin may be important in breast cancer progression and that, through its relationship with ER, it may be a target for tamoxifen.
Conservation and variation of nucleotide sequences within related bacterial genomes: Escherichia coli strains (1980)

Changes in the patterns produced by annealing restriction endonuclease digests of bacterial genomes with probe deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) containing small portions of a bacterial genome provide sensitive indicator of the degree of nucleotide sequence relatedness that exists in localized regions of the genomes of closely related bacteria. We have used five probe DNAs to explore the relatedness of parts of the genomes of six laboratory Escherichi coli strains. A range in in the amount of variability in the positions of restriction enzyme cleavage sites in the selected portions of the genomes was found. Portions of the genome that are believed to be inacative were more variable than portions that contained functional genes: the sites in and near regions of homology to phage lambda DNA in the genome showed the greatest variability. These regions probably represent remnants of cryptic prophages. Variability was assessed pairwise among four of the E. coli strains and ranged from 5 to > 25% base pair substitutions in the lambda-related regions. In contrast, the endonuclease cleavage sites in the trp, tna, lac, thy regions, and one other as-yet-unidentified segment of the genome were more highly conserved. It seems likely that these sites lie in genetic locations that are subject to functional constraints.
Effects of a neuromuscular dentistry-designed mouthguard on muscular endurance and anaerobic power (2010)

Athletes of various sports are required to utilize mouthguards during practice and competitions for protection against orofacial and dental injuries, regardless of the effects on performance. Recent advances in neuromuscular dentistry have led to the development of a mouthguard touted also to enhance the performance through jaw realignment. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a neuromuscular dentistry-based mouthguard to a standard, custom-fitted mouthguard (CFM) on muscular endurance, anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity in competitive athletes. Professional and Division I college athletes (n = 22, Mweight = 86.2 ± 3.1 kg) participated in this double-blind, crossover study. Subjects were randomly assigned to order of use of either the experimental (Pure Power Mouthguard (PPM)) or the traditional CFM. Subjects completed two separate sessions in which they completed three performance tests, which included vertical jump (VJ), bench press (BP) and a 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT)+eight 10 s intervals, while wearing the assigned mouthguard. Significantly better performance was found for PPM compared with CFM for VJ (67.6+9.4 cm vs. 65.3+8.6 cm; P = 0.003), 30 s WAnT peak power (11.6 ± 1.7 W kg− 1vs. 11.1 ± 1.5 W kg− 1, P = 0.038), average peak power for WAnT+intervals (10.6 ± 1.4 W kg− 1vs. 10.1 ± 1.2 W kg− 1, P = 0.025) and average mean power for WAnT+intervals (9.0 ± 1.1 W kg− 1vs. 8.7 ± 1.0 W kg− 1, P = 0.034). There were no significant differences for either BP or 30 s WAnT mean power (P>0.48). Compared with a CFM, a neuromuscular dentistry-based mouthguard appears to enhance peak power output, performance and repeated maximal efforts. When required to wear a mouthguard, athletes may benefit from wearing a neuromuscular dentistry-designed mouthguard compared with a CFM.
Cyclopropyl 2-pyrrolyl ketone (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropyl 2-pyrrolyl ketoneGraham Hamilton CooperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 19, 2897–2898Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00818a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00818a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Holographic conversion of a Gaussian beam to a near-field uniform beam (1991)

A two-element holographic optical system is described for converting an elliptically shaped Gaussian-profile laser beam into a rectangularly shaped beam that is uniform in amplitude and phase in the nearfield. Theoretical analysis, design considerations, and experimental results are presented for a compact converter system of less than 6 cm in length.