gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conjugate addition of acyloxy groups to alkynylphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborates under both basic and acidic conditions. Synthesis of .alpha.-acyloxy ketones (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConjugate addition of acyloxy groups to alkynylphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborates under both basic and acidic conditions. Synthesis of .alpha.-acyloxy ketonesMasahito Ochiai, Munetaka Kunishima, Kaoru Fuji, and Yoshimitsu NagaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 17, 4038–4041Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00278a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00278a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The SMARTTM Process for Directed Block Co-Polymer Self-Assembly (2013)

A new process for directed block co-polymer self-assembly (DSA),AZ(R) SMARTTM, for high resolution line and space patterning was introduced. The SMART process started with photoresist trench patterns generated through common photolithographic processes on top of a thin crosslinked neutral layer. A reactive ion etching (RIE) process removed the neutral layer at bottom of the resist trenches and followed by a resist stripping step which completely removed the resist material and uncovered the neutral surface protected by the resist film during etching step. DSA performances of the resultant SMART chemical pre-patterns without or with extra pinning material brushing step were compared. Results indicated that pinning material enhanced chemical pre-pattern directing power for DSA performance. The chemical pre-pattern without pinning material provided well aligned DSA performance for some specific pre-pattern structure and DSA multiplication factor, but it lacked general performance stability. On the other hand, process with added pinning material was demonstrated with stable performance for variable pre-pattern pitches with different DSA multiplication factors. SMART DSA pattern profile and its pattern etching transfer into hard masks were investigated.
Molecular imaging: The application of small animal positron emission tomography (2002)

The extraordinary advances in genomic technologies over the last decade have led to the establishment of new animal models of disease. The use of molecular imaging techniques to examine these models, preferably with non-destructive imaging procedures, such as those offered by positron emission tomography (PET), are especially valuable for the timely advancement of research. With the use of small animal PET imaging it is possible to follow individual subjects of a sample population over an extended time period by using highly specific molecular probes and radiopharmaceuticals. In this Prospect small animal PET imaging will be described, specifically focusing on the current technologies, its applications in molecular imaging and the logistics of performing small animal PET.
Augmented audio reality: telepresence/VR hybrid acoustic environments (2002)

Augmented audio reality consists of hybrid presentations in which computer-generated sounds are overlayed on top of more directly acquired audio signals. We are exploring the alignability of binaural signals with artificially spatialized sources, synthesized by convolving monaural signals with left/right pairs of directional transfer functions. We use MAW (multidimensional audio windows), a NeXT-based system, as a binaural directional mixing console. Since the rearrangement of a dynamic map is used to dynamically select transfer functions, a user may specify the virtual location of a sound source, throwing the source into perceptual space, using exocentric graphical control to drive egocentric auditory display. As a concept demonstration, we muted a telephone, and then used MAW to spatialize a ringing signal at its location, putting the sonic image of the phone into the office environment. By juxtaposing and mixing 'real' and 'synthetic' audio transmissions, we are exploring the relationship between acoustic telepresence and VR presentations: telepresence manifests as the actual configuration of sources in a sound field, as perceivable by a dummyhead; VR is the perception yielded by filtering of virtual sources with respect to virtual sinks. We have conducted an experiment testing the usefulness of such a hybrid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cycles, cells and platters (2011)

We present the first large-scale analysis of hardware failure rates on a million consumer PCs. We find that many failures are neither transient nor independent. Instead, a large portion of hardware induced failures are recurrent: a machine that crashes from a fault in hardware is up to two orders of magnitude more likely to crash a second time. For example, machines with at least 30 days of accumulated CPU time over an 8 month period had a 1 in 190 chance of crashing due to a CPU subsystem fault. Further, machines that crashed once had a probability of 1 in 3.3 of crashing a second time. Our study examines failures due to faults within the CPU, DRAM and disk subsystems. Our analysis spans desktops and laptops, CPU vendor, overclocking, underclocking, generic vs. brand name, and characteristics such as machine speed and calendar age. Among our many results, we find that CPU fault rates are correlated with the number of cycles executed, underclocked machines are significantly more reliable than machines running at their rated speed, and laptops are more reliable than desktops.
Temperature‐Responsive Water‐Soluble Copolymers Based on 2‐Hydroxyethyl Acrylate and Butyl Acrylate (2007)

Abstract Amphiphilic copolymers have been synthesised by free radical copolymerisation of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate with butyl acrylate, the reactivity ratios of which indicate practically equal reactivity. The copolymers containing less than 30 mol‐% of BA were soluble in water and exhibited a LCST in aqueous solutions. It was found that the interaction between these copolymers and poly(acrylic acid) in aqueous solutions resulted in the formation of interpolymer complexes stabilised by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. This interaction was significantly affected by solution pH and led to modification of the temperature‐responsive behaviour of the copolymers. magnified image
The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress. (2007)

CQR-300 (300 mg daily) and CORE (1028 mg daily) brought about significant reductions in weight and blood glucose levels, while decreasing serum lipids thus improving cardiovascular risk factors. The increase in plasma 5-HT and creatinine for both groups hypothesizes a mechanism of controlling appetite and promoting the increase of lean muscle mass by Cissus quadrangularis, thereby supporting the clinical data for weight loss and improving cardiovascular health.
Stretchable Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Using an Elastomeric Emissive Material (2012)

Dispersing an ionic transition metal complex into an elastomeric matrix enables the fabrication of intrinsically stretchable light-emitting devices that possess large emission areas (∼175 mm(2)) and tolerate linear strains up to 27% and repetitive cycles of 15% strain. This work demonstrates the suitability of this approach to new applications in conformable lighting that require uniform, diffuse light emission over large areas.
Organic Acids by Ion Chromatography (1981)

The presence of increased levels of various organic acids in physiological fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine has been correlated with a variety of diseases (1). Although some are rare, others such as lactic acidosis and hyperoxaluria are more widespread (2, 3). The estimation of organic acids in biological fluids has long been an analytical problem owing to the nature of the samples and the hydrophilic behavior of the various acids.
Increased Seizure Susceptibility in Mice Lacking Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 7 (2001)

To study the role of mGlu7 receptors (mGluR7), we used homologous recombination to generate mice lacking this metabotropic receptor subtype (mGluR7(-/-)). After the serendipitous discovery of a sensory stimulus-evoked epileptic phenotype, we tested two convulsant drugs, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and bicuculline. In animals aged 12 weeks and older, subthreshold doses of these drugs induced seizures in mGluR7(-/-), but not in mGluR7(+/-), mice. PTZ-induced seizures were inhibited by three standard anticonvulsant drugs, but not by the group III selective mGluR agonist (R,S)-4-phosphonophenylglycine (PPG). Consistent with the lack of signs of epileptic activity in the absence of specific stimuli, mGluR7(-/-) mice showed no major changes in synaptic properties in two slice preparations. However, slightly increased excitability was evident in hippocampal slices. In addition, there was slower recovery from frequency facilitation in cortical slices, suggesting a role for mGluR7 as a frequency-dependent regulator in presynaptic terminals. Our findings suggest that mGluR7 receptors have a unique role in regulating neuronal excitability and that these receptors may be a novel target for the development of anticonvulsant drugs.
Extracellular signalling molecules in the ischaemic/reperfused heart – druggable and translatable for cardioprotection? (2014)

In patients with acute myocardial infarction, timely reperfusion is essential to limit infarct size. However, reperfusion also adds to myocardial injury. Brief episodes of ischaemia/reperfusion in the myocardium or on organ remote from the heart, before or shortly after sustained myocardial ischaemia effectively reduce infarct size, provided there is eventual reperfusion. Such conditioning phenomena have been established in many experimental studies and also translated to humans. The underlying signal transduction, that is the molecular identity of triggers, mediators and effectors, is not clear yet in detail, but several extracellular signalling molecules, such as adenosine, bradykinin and opioids, have been identified to contribute to cardioprotection by conditioning manoeuvres. Several trials have attempted the translation of cardioprotection by such autacoids into a clinical scenario of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. Adenosine and its selective agonists reduced infarct size in a few studies, but this benefit was not translated into improved clinical outcome. All studies with bradykinin or drugs which increase bradykinin's bioavailability reported reduced infarct size and some of them also improved clinical outcome. Synthetic opioid agonists did not result in a robust infarct size reduction, but this failure of translation may relate to the cardioprotective properties of the underlying anaesthesia per se or of the comparator drugs. The translation of findings in healthy, young animals with acute coronary occlusion/reperfusion to patients of older age, with a variety of co-morbidities and co-medications, suffering from different scenarios of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion remains a challenge.
Ultrastructural study on experimental infection of rotavirus in a murine heterologous model (1994)

Viral replication, histopathological and ultrastructural changes were observed for a period of nine days in the small intestine of suckling mice infected with a simian rotavirus (SA11). Samples taken from duodenum, jejunum and ileum were prepared for light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Histopathologic effect could be detected within 8 hr post-infection, when only a few altered cells were observed. Damage was extensive after 16 hr post-infection, showing swollen enterocytes and reduced and irregularly oriented microvilli at intestinal villi tips. Virus particles were detected at 16 and 48 hr post-infection, budding from the viroplasm into the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in ileum enterocytes. Clear evidence of viral replication, observed by electron microscopy was not described before in heterologous murine models. Regeneration of the intestinal villi began at the third day post-infection. Despite some differences observed in clinical symptoms and microscopic analysis of homologous and heterologous rotavirus infections, we concluded that mechanisms of heterologous rotavirus infection in mice follow similar patterns to those observed in the homologous models.
Synthesis of 4-hydroxymethylene-1,3(2H,4H)-isoquinolinediones and related compounds. (1986)

Vilsmeier-Haack reactions of 1, 3(2H, 4H)-isoquinolinediones (1a, b) with dimethylformamide and POCl3 afforded 4-hydroxymethylene-1, 3(2H, 4H)-isoquinolinediones (2a, b) in good yields.Similar reactions of 1a, b using formanilides instead of N, N-dimethylformamide gave the 4-anilinomethylene compounds (3a, b). Chlorinations of 2a, b with POCl3 in CHCl3 or tetrahydro-furan gave the 4-chloromethylene compounds 4a, b. Treatment of 2a with POCl3 in the absence of solvent afforded 4a and 1, 3-dichloro-4-(dichloromethyl)isoquinoline (5). Compound 2b reacted with various amines including ketone reagents to form the corresponding 4-aminomethylene compounds 7a-e, and 7a-e as well as 3a, b could also be prepared from the reactions of 4b with appropriate amines. Catalytic hydrogenation of 2b resulted in the formation of 2, 4-dimethyl-1, 3(2H, 4H)-isoquinolinedione (8) and 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetramethyl[4, 4'-biisoquinoline]-1, 1', 3, 3'(2H, 2'H-4H, 4'H)-tetrone (9).
Ebulin 1, a nontoxic novel type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein from Sambucus ebulus L. leaves. (1993)

A novel type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) that we named ebulin 1 has been isolated from leaves of Sambucus ebulus L. (Caprifoliaceae). In vitro ebulin 1 strongly inhibited protein synthesis by rabbit reticulocyte lysates, rat brain, and rat liver cell-free systems but did not affect in vitro plant nor bacterial protein synthesis. Ebulin 1 is composed of two subunits, a catalytic A subunit (M(r) 26,000) and a D-galactose-binding lectin B subunit (M(r) 30,000). Amino-terminal amino acid sequence homology revealed the novelty that the ebulin 1 A-chain shares a high degree of homology not with the A-chain of other type 2 RIPs but rather with the Cucurbitaceae type 1 RIP briodin S and the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type I proteins trichosanthin and TAP 29. Upon treatment with acid aniline the rRNA from ebulin 1-treated rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes released the RNA fragment which is diagnostic of RIP catalytic action. Ebulin 1 was nontoxic to mice up to 2 mg/kg of body weight and did not inhibit protein synthesis in cultured NHC human epithelial cells which are highly sensitive to ricin.
Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Dataset (2020)

The research community has increasing interest in autonomous driving research, despite the resource intensity of obtaining representative real world data. Existing self-driving datasets are limited in the scale and variation of the environments they capture, even though generalization within and between operating regions is crucial to the over-all viability of the technology. In an effort to help align the research community’s contributions with real-world self-driving problems, we introduce a new large scale, high quality, diverse dataset. Our new dataset consists of 1150 scenes that each span 20 seconds, consisting of well synchronized and calibrated high quality LiDAR and camera data captured across a range of urban and suburban geographies. It is 15x more diverse than the largest camera+LiDAR dataset available based on our proposed diversity metric. We exhaustively annotated this data with 2D (camera image) and 3D (LiDAR) bounding boxes, with consistent identifiers across frames. Finally, we provide strong baselines for 2D as well as 3D detection and tracking tasks. We further study the effects of dataset size and generalization across geographies on 3D detection methods. Find data, code and more up-to-date information at http://www.waymo.com/open.
Th17 and Th22 cells in psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis (2013)

Elevated frequencies of IL-17 and IL-22 producing CD4+ T cells were a feature of both Ps and PsA. However their differing distribution at disease sites, including lower frequencies of IL-22+ CD4+ T cells in SF compared to skin and PB, and lack of IL-22 expression in ST suggests that Th17 and Th22 cells have common, as well as divergent roles in the pathogenesis of Ps and PsA.
Direct Computation Of Higher-Order Dct Coefficients From Lower-Order Dct Coefficients (1984)

An efficient algorithm is proposed that computes the coefficients of a higher-order discrete cosine transform (DOT) from the coefficients of a lower-order DCT. The main feature of this algorithm is that it calculates the DCT coefficients of the larger block sizes from the DCT coefficients of smaller block sizes without any need to generate the inverse DCT. It is more efficient than the standard approach, which involves an inverse as well as DCT, if the standard fast-Fourier transform (FFT) procedure is used. However, it is not as efficient as the standard procedure if DCT and IDCT are generated using the newly discovered Winograd Fourier transform algorithm. This paper develops the computational algorithm for the one-dimensional DCT, then extends it to the two-dimensional DCT.
Filer Response Time Prediction Using Adaptively-Learned Forecasting Models Based on Counter Time Series Data (2016)

Ability to predict the future performance of a storage system is critical for its efficient management. A modern storage system is a very complex combination of hardware and software elements and inferring its state from those of its individual components is practically impossible. Moreover, the state of the system undergoes continuous changes due to diverse and evolving workloads, frequent configuration changes and natural degradation in components. This paper presents an approach to predict the future response time of a storage system by applying a combination of machine learning techniques on the data of its internal parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to quantify the response time of a storage system directly from the time-series of its internal parameters. We present a systematic experimental setup for collecting the system data and for measuring its response time while loading the system with different standard workloads. Another novel contribution of the paper is a combination of time-series forecasting model followed by a regression model to predict the response time repeatedly in real-time. The said model is shown to be able to repeatedly predict fairly accurate 15-minutes-ahead response time values using the system data of the past 20-minutes' window. It is shown that the validation calculations typically complete within ~30 seconds on an average using a computer of moderate configurations making the presented model applicable for practically reasonable prediction horizons. The design of the model is such that it can be adaptively tuned online at regular intervals as more system data is observed.
<title>Modeling of constant irradiance illumination system</title> (1998)

The optical system discusses is an integrating sphere based uniform source. The system consists of an integrating sphere illuminated with a tungsten halogen lamp system. The output of the integrating sphere is projected using a large single- element collimating lens. Such a system is advantageous in the testing of optical detectors since in a specific region of the projected beam the irradiance is constant in a volume around the optical axis and for a significant distance along the optical axis. This property eases the positioning requirements of devices under test relative to the lens. Relative irradiance predictions of a plane in the collimated beam made using ZEMAX Optical Design Program are presented. Measured data of the relative irradiance in this specific plane achieved with the implemented optical system are presented. Comparison between the predictions and measured data are made. Predictions agreed with the measured data to within 5%.
Adaptive Multiphoton Endomicroscope Incorporating a Polarization-Maintaining Multicore Optical Fibre (2015)

We present a laser scanning multiphoton endomicroscope with no distal optics or mechanical components that incorporates a polarization-maintaining (PM) multicore optical fibre to deliver, focus, and scan ultrashort pulsed radiation for two-photon excited fluorescence imaging. We show theoretically that the use of a PM multicore fibre in our experimental configuration enhances the fluorescence excitation intensity achieved in the focal spot compared to a non-PM optical fibre with the same geometry and confirm this by computer simulations based on numerical wavefront propagation. In our experimental system, a spatial light modulator (SLM) is utilised to program the phase of the light input to each of the cores of the endoscope fibre such that the radiation emerging from the distal end of the fibre interferes to provide the focused scanning excitation beam. We demonstrate that the SLM can enable dynamic phase correction of path-length variations across the multicore optical fibre whilst the fibre is perturbed with an update rate of 100 Hz.
A Highly Enantioselective Intramolecular Michael Reaction Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (2007)

Metal-less Michael: A highly diastereo- and enantioselective intramolecular Michael addition of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to enones catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has been developed. The reaction is tolerant of alkyl and aromatic substituents, as well as saturated and unsaturated tethers between the enal and conjugate acceptor (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z605235_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Theory of heterodyne pump–probe experiments with femtosecond pulses (1996)

We give the first analysis of heterodyne experiments that includes the propagation along the waveguide. Under the assumption that the material polarization is adiabatically eliminated we derive simple analytic expressions for the coherent coupling term, exact for Gaussian pulses and a good approximation for other shapes. We find that the measured signal does not display any phase dependence close to zero pump–probe delay. A four-wave mixing band is identified in the heterodyne signal, and a new class of experiments is proposed by analogy with the spatial case.
Management of patients with small cell carcinoma and the syndrome of ectopic corticotropin secretion (1994)

Patients with SCC and ectopic ACTH syndrome have a poor prognosis. However, in the minority of patients whose hypercortisolism can be controlled with cytotoxic chemotherapy combined with treatment to inhibit cortisol biosynthesis, effective palliation can be achieved.