gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HSS--A High-Speed Simulator (1987)

The High-Speed Simulator (HSS) is a fast and flexible system for gate-level fault simulation. Originally limited to combinational logic, it is being extended to handle sequential logic. It may also prove useful as a functional simulator. The speed of HSS is obtained by converting the cycle-free portions of a circuit into optimized machine code for a general-purpose computer. This compiled code simulates the circuit's response for 16 or 32 test patterns in parallel. Faults are injected into the circuit by changing the machine instruction corresponding to the fault location. From the range of speeds seen in recent measurements, we take 240 million gates per second as a fair general estimate of the speed of 2-valued simulation running on a 3081/K computer. For 3-valued simulation, divide by 2.9. The paper discusses the merits and drawbacks of the HSS strategy. It also sketches the extensions of HSS to model sequential logic and the various applications of HSS. These include functional verification, design for testability, good machine signatures, and accurate simulation of transistor-level defects in certain CMOS technologies. Finally, there is some discussion of how the simulation requirements of future designs can be met, and of the lessons to be drawn from long-term experimentation with HSS.
Stimulation and recording of neural tissue, closing the loop on the artifact (2008)

To achieve the full potential of neural prostheses, such as those used for the treatment of epilepsy, some means to close the loop around the electrical stimulation protocol has to be provided. To be able to close the loop, it is necessary to record the effect of stimulation itself on the surrounding tissue. Such recording is made impossible by the presence of a long-lasting stimulation artifact, which is due to the presence of residual charge in the electrode. Custom electronics, implementing a novel feedback scheme, can reduce or eliminate such charge and, by making the electronics scalable, a large number of electrodes can be simultaneously accessed. In this work we present such an artifact elimination system.
Inhibition of keratinocyte migration by lipopolysaccharide (2007)

A critical process in cutaneous wound healing is reepithelialization by keratinocytes that closes the breach in the epidermis. Chronic wounds fail to reepithelialize despite the presence of activated and proliferative keratinocytes around the wound perimeter. This type of wound is generally colonized to a greater or lesser extent by bacteria. This study examines the possibility that bacterial products might directly inhibit keratinocyte migration. Using conventional scratch assays, we observed a dose-dependent inhibition of keratinocyte migration by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli. Although the P. aeruginosa preparation appeared to be slightly more inhibitory, both gave half-maximal inhibition at 0.5-0.6 ng/mL. Migration of fibroblasts was not inhibited. The result could not be attributed to a cytotoxic effect of the LPS. LPS inhibition of migration was relieved by neutralizing antibodies to toll-like receptors (TLR), 40% by anti-TLR2 and 75% by anti-TLR4. We conclude that keratinocyte migration is inhibited by bacterial products, detected through TLR4 and also through TLR2. Because chronic wounds always show some presence of bacteria, these findings provide a possible explanation for the lack of healing found in ulcers.
The Chemistry of Carbodiimides. (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Carbodiimides.H. G. KhoranaCite this: Chem. Rev. 1953, 53, 2, 145–166Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60165a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60165a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3277Altmetric-Citations421LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells. (1996)

Cytosolic extracts from a human lymphoblastoid B-cell line, RPMI-8392, established from a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia, contain two major forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE): Ca2+-calmodulin dependent PDE (PDE1) and cAMP-specific PDE (PDE4). In contrast, normal quiescent human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) are devoid of PDE1 activity [Epstein, P. M., Moraski, S., Jr., and Hachisu, R. (1987) Biochem. J. 243, 533-539]. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we show that the mRNA encoding the 63-kDa form of PDE1 (PDE1B1) is expressed in RPMI-8392 cells, but not in normal, resting HPBL. This mRNA is, however, induced in HPBL following mitogenic stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Also using RT-PCR, the full open reading frame for human PDE1B1 cDNA was cloned from RPMI-8392 cells and it encodes a protein of 536 amino acids with 96% identity to bovine, rat, and mouse species. RT-PCR also identifies the presence of PDE1B1 in other human lymphoblastoid and leukemic cell lines of B- (RPMI-1788, Daudi) and T-(MOLT-4, NA, Jurkat) cell origin. Inhibition of PDE1 or PDE4 activity by selective inhibitors induced RPMI-8392 cells, as well as the other cell lines, to undergo apoptosis. Culture of RPMI-8392 cells with an 18-bp phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, targeted against the translation initiation region of the RPMI-8392 mRNA, led to a specific reduction in the amount of PDE1B1 mRNA after 1 day, and its disappearance after 2 days, and induced apoptosis in these cells in a sequence specific manner. This suggests that PDEs, particularly PDE1B1, because its expression is selective, may be useful targets for inducing the death of leukemic cells.
Interaction in virtual environments with the upper body (2012)

Tese de mestrado em Engenharia Informática, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2012
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tungsten (CVD W) as Submicron Interconnection and Via Stud (1989)

Blanket‐deposited CVD W has been developed and implemented in a 4‐Mbit DRAM and equivalent submicron VLSI technologies. CVD W was applied as contact stud, interconnect, and interlevel via stud. The technologies have been proven reliable under several reliability stress conditions. Major technical problems involved in CVD W processing, such as adhesion, contact resistance, etchability, and hole fill will be discussed. A novel technique that uses as a contact and adhesion layer will be presented. This technique has lead to the resolution of the above technical problems and significantly improved the manufacturability of blanket CVD W processes.
Functional analysis of Gscl in the pathogenesis of the DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes (1998)

Gscl encodes a Goosecoid-related homeodomain protein that is expressed during mouse embryogenesis. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry studies show that Gscl is expressed in the pons region of the developing central nervous system and primordial germ cells. Gscl expression is also detected in a subset of adult tissues, including brain, eye, thymus, thyroid region, stomach, bladder and testis. Gscl is located within a region of the mouse genome that is syntenic with the region commonly deleted in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS) patients. DGS/VCFS patients have craniofacial abnormalities, cardiac outflow defects and hypoplasia of the parathyroid gland and thymus due to haploinsufficiency of a gene or genes located within the deleted region. Thus, the genomic location of Gscl and its expression in a subset of the tissues affected in DGS/VCFS patients suggest that Gscl may contribute to the pathogenesis of DGS/VCFS. To determine the role of Gscl during mouse embryogenesis and in DGS/VCFS, we have deleted Gscl by gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem cells. Both Gscl heterozygous and Gscl null mice were normal and fertile, suggesting that Gscl is not a major factor in DGS/VCFS. Interestingly, expression of the adjacent Es2 gene in the pons region of Gscl null fetuses was absent, suggesting that mutations within the DGS/VCFS region can influence expression of adjacent genes. In addition, embryos that lacked both Gscl and the related Gsc gene appeared normal. These studies represent the first functional analysis of a DGS/VCFS candidate gene in vivo. These Gscl null mice will be an important genetic resource for crosses with other mouse models of the DGS/VCFS.
The CRA handbook (1998)

Despite premature reports of its demise, the Community Reinvestment Act - first enacted in 1977 to help bring credit to the 40% of Americans known as low-and-moderate income (LMI) - has recently roared back to life. In fact, sparked by a CRA-friendly administration and a renewed realization by regulators that must work, the New CRA is on the firmest ground of its 20-year existence. In The Handbook, expert Dr. Kenneth H. Thomas details what bankers, regulators, and community organizations must ultimately do to resurrect this important piece of legislation.
Molecular Features Associated with Polyamine Modulation of NMDA Receptors (1998)

The effect of 1,3-diamines on basal and spermine-stimulated [3H]MK-801 binding was investigated. Systematic variations in the molecular parameters revealed that, in general, lipophilic 1,3-diamines inhibited and hydrophilic 1,3-diamines enhanced [3H]MK-801 binding in the nominal absence of glutamate and glycine. Furthermore, 1,3-diamines which were highly monoprotonated at physiologic pH were more effective in modulating basal binding (at 100 microM 1,3-diamine) than analogues which were mostly diprotonated or unprotonated. Finally, the internuclear distance between the amino nitrogens and the extent of modulation of basal [3H]MK-801 binding were correlated. Similar, but more modest, effects were seen for spermine-enhanced [3H]MK-801 binding. These results are consistent with the existence of two polyamine binding sites associated with the NMDA receptor complex. One of the sites appears to preferentially recognize lipophilic substances while the other favors hydrophilic materials. Both sites appear to recognize polyamines with at least one charged (protonated) amino group and one uncharged amino group. The distance between amino groups is a determining factor as well.
High Efficiency of Lutetium Silicate Scintillators, Ce-Doped LPS and LYSO Crystals for Medical Applications (2007)

The paper presents two cerium doped lutetium silicate crystals: pyrosilicate Ce:Lu2Si2O7 (LPS) and Ce: Lu2(1-x)Y2xSiO5 (LYSO). These two crystals exhibit the expected requirements for gamma detection: high density and high atomic number, high scintillation light yield, good energy resolution and fast response. LPS and LYSO crystals doped with cerium were grown by the Czochralski process. The crystal growth parameters were studied and optimized. Development of scintillators requires good understanding of the scintillation process. The location within the forbidden band gap of the localized lanthanide energy levels is analyzed by time resolved spectroscopy and thermoluminescence studies.
Reversal of experimental colitis disease activity in mice following administration of an adenoviral IL-10 vector (2005)

Genetic deficiency in the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) is associated with the onset and progression of experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The clinical significance of IL-10 expression is supported by studies showing that immune-augmentation of IL-10 prevents inflammation and mucosal damage in animal models of colitis and in human colitis. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an endogenous anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating cytokine, has been shown to prevent some inflammation and injury in animal and clinical studies, but the efficacy of IL-10 treatment remains unsatisfactory. We found that intra-peritoneal administration of adenoviral IL-10 to mice significantly reversed colitis induced by administration of 3% DSS (dextran sulfate), a common model of colitis. Adenoviral IL-10 (Ad-IL10) transfected mice developed high levels of IL-10 (394 +/- 136 pg/ml) within the peritoneal cavity where the adenovirus was expressed. Importantly, when given on day 4 (after the induction of colitis w/DSS), Ad-IL10 significantly reduced disease activity and weight loss and completely prevented histopathologic injury to the colon at day 10. Mechanistically, compared to Ad-null and DSS treated mice, Ad-IL10 and DSS-treated mice were able to suppress the expression of MAdCAM-1, an endothelial adhesion molecule associated with IBD. Our results suggest that Ad-IL10 (adenoviral IL-10) gene therapy of the intestine or peritoneum may be useful in the clinical treatment of IBD, since we demonstrated that this vector can reverse the course of an existing gut inflammation and markers of inflammation.
T cells that recognize peptide sequences of self MHC class II molecules exist in syngeneic mice (1991)

T cell reactivity toward self MHC class II molecules has been recognized in syngeneic MLR in a number of studies, where the T cells are believed to recognize the combination of self/nonself peptide and self MHC molecule. We investigated the stimulation of T cell proliferation by synthetic peptides of sequences corresponding to the first polymorphic amino terminal domain of alpha- and beta-chains of self I-A molecules. Both unprimed and primed T cells responded to a number of peptides of alpha 1 and beta 1 domains of self I-Ad molecules. The response was dependent on the presentation of I-Ad peptides by syngeneic APC and was blocked by anti-class II MHC mAb. Upon further investigation it was observed that I-Ad peptides could inhibit the stimulation of Ag-specific MHC class II-restricted T cell hybridoma due to self presentation of peptides rather than to direct binding of free peptides to the TCR, further supporting their affinity/interaction with intact self MHC class II molecules. The peptide I-A beta d 62-78 showed high affinity toward intact self MHC II molecule as determined by the inhibition of Ag-specific T cell stimulation and yet was nonstimulatory for syngeneic T cells, therefore representing an MHC determinant that may have induced self tolerance. Thus we have shown that strong T cell proliferative responses can be generated in normal mice against the peptides derived from self MHC class II molecules and these cells are part of the normal T cell repertoire. Therefore complete tolerance toward potentially powerful immunodominant but cryptic determinants of self Ag may not be necessary to prevent autoimmune diseases.
The Filleting Fish Ceremony “Hocho- Shiki” (1997)

In this papre, the hocho-shiki (fish filleting ceremony) indigenous to Mie Prefecture was investigated and its historical background and relationship to native industries were researched.1. The tradition of the hocho-shiki, in which fish is prepared without touching it through the use of metal chopsticks, was preserved in four areas and a similar event was preserved in five areas of Mie Prefecture. All ceremonies were localized in the Shima region of central Japan.2. Gray mullet, an important fish in the fishing industry of the Shima region, is used in the hocho-shiki.3. The hocho-shiki is performed as a New Year's event together with the tradition of drawing a bow. This suggests that the old traditions and customs of samurai bushi became such Shinto rites as the hocho-shiki, the mana- bushi, or the mana-ita.
Purification and characterization of a novel ribosomal S6 kinase from skeletal muscle of insulin-treated rats. (1994)

The predominant 40 S ribosomal protein S6 kinase in skeletal muscle extracts from insulin-treated rats was purified over 10,000-fold to near homogeneity with approximately 4.5% recovery of starting activity. This S6 kinase was resolved from the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase only by the seventh and final column chromatography step. The purified S6 kinase migrated as a tight doublet of approximately 31 kDa on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel, and it was eluted from gel filtration columns with a similar apparent M(r), which indicated that the enzyme exists as a monomer. This S6 kinase was immunologically distinct from the other known insulin-activated S6 kinases, i.e. p70S6K and p90rsk. It was inhibited by [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid and beta-glycerophosphate at concentrations routinely used to stabilize p70S6K and p90rsk. In addition to S6, phosvitin was also a substrate, whereas myelin basic protein, casein, protamine, and histones were poorly phosphorylated if at all by the purified S6 kinase. The purified enzyme was inactivated upon incubation with serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase 2A, which indicated that it may be an intermediary component in a cascade of insulin-activated protein kinases.
Evaluation of chiral dopants for LCD applications (2006)

Abstract— A large number of new synthesized as well as known chiral dopants with respect to their helical twisting power (HTP), the phase stability of cholesteric solution prepared by doping nematic LC mixtures, the host dependence of the chiral induction, and the photostability has been examined. The evaluation led to the result that only few compounds fulfill the stringent application requirements of LCD manufacturing, especially with reference to bistable cholesteric devices.
Use of Bioptic Amorphic Lenses to Expand the Visual Field in Patients with Peripheral Loss (1998)

Patients with peripheral vision loss may benefit from a rehabilitation program which combines low vision training with amorphic lenses in a bioptic configuration.
Establishment and Characterization of a SV40 T-Antigen Immortalized Epithelial-Like Cell Line Derived from the Newborn Rat Colorectum and Its Malignant Transformation by the ras Oncogene. (1993)

Epithelial-like cells from the colorectum of one-day-old newborn rats were immortalized by transfection with the simian virus 40 (SV40) T-antigen gene, and a cell line OUMS-25 was established. The cells were positive for the SV40 T-antigen, and immunoreactive to a colonic epithelial cell monoclonal antibody and a keratin-18 monoclonal antibody. Ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of microvilli on the cell surface and desmosomes between the adjacent cells. Karyotypic analysis showed that OUMS-25 cells were aneuploid. Cloning efficiency of the cells was 0.01% in soft agar. However, the cells were not tumorigenic in the syngeneic newborn rats. The cells were further transformed by transfection with the cloned activated c-Ha-ras oncogene containing a point mutation within codon 61. Characteristics of the activated-c-Ha-ras transfected cells (OUMS-25/RAS) were different in some respects from those of the parent cells (OUMS-25). OUMS-25/RAS cells demonstrated more malignant morphology, elevated cloning efficiency in soft agar, and tumorigenicity. This is the first report on the immortalization and malignant transformation of colorectal epithelial-like cells by transfection with a combination of SV40 T-antigen gene and cloned activated c-Ha-ras oncogene.
Diffuse and constricted glow discharges in SF<sub>6</sub> (1987)

SF6 glow discharges have been investigated for currents up to 20 mA, in the pressure range 0.1 to 10 Torr. As the pressure is increased, the discharge changes from an abnormal glow with a diffuse positive column to a normal glow with a constricted, positive column. The diffuse discharges have positive voltage-current characteristics, while the characteristics of the constricted discharges are negative. From measurements of axial potential distribution and radial profiles of gas temperature in the positive column, radial profiles of E/N (electric field/gas number density) were determined. E/N falls off from the axis to the wall, and the profiles show that the radial limit of the positive column for both diffuse and constricted discharges corresponds closely to the position where E/N=(E/N)c, the value (362 Td) where the rates of ionisation and attachment in SF6 are the same. The E/N measurements have been used, together with established electron and ion transport data for SF6 and a set of continuity equations for the electrons and ions, to determine radial density profiles for electrons, positive ions and negative ions in several SF6 diffuse and constricted positive columns.
A systematic review of animal models for Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis (2014)

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) osteomyelitis is a significant complication for orthopaedic patients undergoing surgery, particularly with fracture fixation and arthroplasty. Given the difficulty in studying S. aureus infections in human subjects, animal models serve an integral role in exploring the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis, and aid in determining the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. Animal models should mimic the clinical scenarios seen in patients as closely as possible to permit the experimental results to be translated to the corresponding clinical care. To help understand existing animal models of S. aureus, we conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE to identify in vivo animal experiments that have investigated the management of S. aureus osteomyelitis in the context of fractures and metallic implants. In this review, experimental studies are categorised by animal species and are further classified by the setting of the infection. Study methods are summarised and the relevant advantages and disadvantages of each species and model are discussed. While no ideal animal model exists, the understanding of a model's strengths and limitations should assist clinicians and researchers to appropriately select an animal model to translate the conclusions to the clinical setting.