gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network Coding Aware Dynamic Subcarrier Assignment in OFDMA Wireless Networks (2008)

Taking advantage of the frequency diversity and multiuser diversity in OFDMA based wireless networks, dynamic subcarrier assignment mechanisms have shown to be able to achieve much higher downlink capacity than static assignment. A rich literature exists that proposes MAC and physical layer schemes aiming at exploiting the diversity gain with low implementation complexity. In this paper, we propose a cross layer approach that explores the joint advantage of network coding and dynamic subcarrier assignment. Our algorithm improves the bandwidth efficiency of OFDMA downlink by encoding frames of the mobile stations that exchange information. We highlight a tradeoff between diversity gain and the network coding advantage, which is critical to the network performance. To explore the tradeoff, we formulate the coding aware dynamic assignment scheme as a mixed integer program, and design a polynomial time heuristic that can be used in practical systems. Based on a network flow formulation and a penalty scheme, our heuristic well approximates the performance of an optimal algorithm, in terms of both throughput and fairness.
Mobile internetworking: performance enhancement of Mobile IP (2003)

Mobile IP, the mobile networking standard proposed by the IETF, suffers from certain basic flaws which degrade its end-to-end performance in a reliable connection-oriented environment such as TCP. This makes it less lucrative for immediate applications than ad-hoc mobile protocols, even though it offers better features. This work addresses specifically the loss in throughput and high latencies caused by the congestion control mechanisms of TCP in a mobile environment characterized by high bit error rates and frequent handoffs. This paper examines certain solutions to this problem, which involve making changes to the network and transport layer protocols at the mobile node and its base stations. The solutions were implemented in a simulated Mobile IP model, on a Linux platform. An extensive study of the efficiency of each solution and a comparative performance evaluation has been presented in this paper.
Radioimaging of human glioma by indium-111 labeled G-22 anti-glioma monoclonal antibody. (1995)

We previously have reported that indium-111 labeled anti-glioma monoclonal antibody G-22 (111In-G-22) exhibits diagnostic potential against human glioma xenografts in athymic mice. Herein, we report the selective tumor localization of 111In-G-22 in patients with glioma. Five patients were administered an average of 2.2 mCi of 111In-G-22 whole IgG intravenously. No immediate or delayed side effects were attributable to 111In-G-22 injection. Serial gamma scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed, and the distribution in the brain and intratumoral accumulation of 111In-G-22 were evaluated. CT and/or magnetic resonance (MR) images were performed simultaneously and these images were compared. In the case of malignant glioma, tumor-imaging was successfully obtained beginning at 6 h following injection with a maximum uptake tumor/brain ratio at 48 h. The distribution of 111In was selective. It predominantly accumulated in the biologically active areas of the tumor. Furthermore, the tracer uptake appeared to correlate with the histologic tumor grade. This confirms the G-22 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to biologically active and malignant glioma tissue, and tumor-imaging using 111In-G-22 may give support to the diagnosis of malignant glioma.
The determination of the fetal D status from maternal plasma for decision making on Rh prophylaxis is feasible (2008)

This prospective clinical trial revealed that routine determination of the fetal D status from maternal plasma is feasible. Noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping can be considered as sensitive as the traditional postnatal serologic assay.
Fault-tolerant routing in a class of double loop networks (2003)

Double-loop networks have a higher connectivity and therefore a higher potential for fault tolerance than single-loop networks. The authors present distributed routing schemes that fully utilize that fault-tolerance potential, and that are applicable in particular to a specific class of double-loop networks, characterized by a forward loop connecting all the adjacent nodes, and a backward loop connecting nodes separated by a distance that depends on N, the number of nodes. A nice feature of these schemes is that for a given node, only local knowledge on the status of the neighboring nodes and links is required. Yet the schemes detect faulty nodes and links and adapt to the situation, so that a packet will eventually reach its destination, if there exists a path. A simulation has shown that the average overhead resulting from the schemes, in terms of number of hops, does not exceed 17%, for values of N around 16.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel biparatopic hybrid antibody-ACE2 fusion that blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection: implications for therapy (2020)

In the absence of a proven effective vaccine preventing infection by SARS-CoV-2, or a proven drug to treat COVID-19, the positive results of passive immune therapy using convalescent serum provide a strong lead. We have developed a new class of tetravalent, biparatopic therapy, 89C8-ACE2. It combines the specificity of a monoclonal antibody (89C8) that recognizes the relatively conserved N-terminal domain of the viral Spike (S) glycoprotein, and the ectodomain of ACE2, which binds to the receptor-binding domain of S. This molecule shows exceptional performance <i>in vitro</i>, inhibiting the interaction of recombinant S1 to ACE2 and transduction of ACE2-overexpressing cells by S-pseudotyped lentivirus with IC50s substantially below 100 pM, and with potency approximately 100-fold greater than ACE2-Fc itself. Moreover, 89C8-ACE2 was able to neutralize authentic viral infection in a standard 96-h co-incubation assay at low nanomolar concentrations, making this class of molecule a promising lead for therapeutic applications.
Design tools for requirements engineering (2002)

Industrial software design projects often begin with a requirements capture and analysis phase. During this phase, the main architectural and behavioral requirements for a new system are collected, documented, and validated. To date, however, requirements engineers have had few reliable tools to guide and support this work. We show that a significant portion of the design requirements can be captured in formalized message sequence charts (MSCs) using a set of tools that we built to reliably create, organize, and analyze such charts.
Importance of the 2-Hydroxy Group for the Reactions of an Acetate of a Naturally Occurring Prohibitin, 4-Acetoxy-2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one, with Nucleophiles (1992)

A prohibitin, 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-(4H)-one, reacted readily with nucleophiles after 4-O-acetylation. The 2-hydroxy group is mandatory for the reactions. The plausible interpretation for the enhancing effect of the 2-hydroxy group on the benzoxazinone system's reactivity involves an acetal ring-opening and reclosure mechanism
Method of calculating the dialysis fluid flow rate at which the targeted value of Kt/V is attained (2009)

血液透析開始前に目標Kt/Vを入力すると透析終了後には入力されたKt/Vが得られるのであれば，計画的な透析の実施が容易となる．これを実現するためには，必要な透析条件を透析開始前に決定しなければならない．そこでわれわれは，局所血流尿素動態モデル（regional blood flow urea kinetic model）を解析することにより，血液透析開始前に目標Kt/Vが得られる透析液流量を算出する方法を開発した．この方法では，まず月1回の定期採血日に施行した透析の諸条件と透析開始時と終了時の実測の血清尿素濃度から体液量を算出する．そして，その後の1か月間は各透析の開始前にすでに算出されている体液量とさまざまな透析条件から目標Kt/Vを実現する透析液流量を算出する．60名の患者において，この方法により計画透析を試みた．その結果，透析後には，設定したKt/V（目標Kt/V）が得られることが示された．設定Kt/V(x）と実測Kt/V(y）との間には高い直線相関が認められ（y＝1.01x－0.03，r＝0.973），かつ設定Kt/V（1.15±0.21）と実測Kt/V（1.14±0.22）との間には有意の差が認められなかった．この方法を用いれば，より高い血流量とより低い透析液流量の組み合わせによる計画透析も可能になる．尿素クリアランスを変化させないという制約の下で血流量を増やし透析液流量を減らした場合，リン酸クリアランスやβ2-ミクログロブリンクリアランスに変化が生じるか否か調べた．その結果，血流量を増やして透析液流量を減らしてもリン酸クリアランスは変化せず，β2-ミクログロブリンクリアランスはむしろ増加するという所見を得た．
Developing Strategies in the Immunotherapy of Leukemias (2013)

The immune system clearly has the capacity to recognize and react to leukemic cells, and recent evidence directs our attention to the importance of mounting inflammatory and CD4 T-cell responses to complement and support the cytotoxic activity elicited by peptide vaccines.
Optimized Separation of Acetylene from Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene in a Microporous Material (2017)

Selective separation of acetylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) from carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) or ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) needs specific porous materials whose pores can realize sieving effects while pore surfaces can differentiate their recognitions for these molecules of similar molecular sizes and physical properties. We report a microporous material [Zn(dps)<sub>2</sub>(SiF<sub>6</sub>)] (UTSA-300, dps = 4,4'-dipyridylsulfide) with two-dimensional channels of about 3.3 Å, well-matched for the molecular sizes of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>. After activation, the network was transformed to its closed-pore phase, UTSA-300a, with dispersed 0D cavities, accompanied by conformation change of the pyridyl ligand and rotation of SiF<sub>6</sub><sup>2-</sup> pillars. Strong C-H···F and π-π stacking interactions are found in closed-pore UTSA-300a, resulting in shrinkage of the structure. Interestingly, UTSA-300a takes up quite a large amounts of acetylene (76.4 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>), while showing complete C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> exclusion from C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> under ambient conditions. Neutron powder diffraction and molecular modeling studies clearly reveal that a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> molecule primarily binds to two hexafluorosilicate F atoms in a head-on orientation, breaking the original intranetwork hydrogen bond and subsequently expanding to open-pore structure. Crystal structures, gas sorption isotherms, molecular modeling, experimental breakthrough experiment, and selectivity calculation comprehensively demonstrated this unique metal-organic framework material for highly selective C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> separation.
Effect of detraining on bone and muscle tissue in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury after a period of electrically-stimulated cycling: A small cohort study (2009)

Bone and muscle benefits achieved by one year of high-volume FES-cycling are partly preserved after 12 months of detraining, whereas reduced cycling maintains bone and muscle mass gained. This suggests that high-volume FES-cycling has clinical relevance for at least one year after detraining.
Defects in interstrand cross-link uncoupling do not account for the extreme sensitivity of ERCC1 and XPF cells to cisplatin (2002)

The anticancer drug cisplatin reacts with DNA leading to the formation of interstrand and intrastrand cross-links that are the critical cytotoxic lesions. In contrast to cells bearing mutations in other components of the nucleotide excision repair apparatus (XPB, XPD, XPG and CSB), cells defective for the ERCC1-XPF structure-specific nuclease are highly sensitive to cisplatin. To determine if the extreme sensitivity of XPF and ERCC1 cells to cisplatin results from specific defects in the repair of either intrastrand or interstrand cross-links we measured the elimination of both lesions in a range of nucleotide excision repair Chinese hamster mutant cell lines, including XPF- and ERCC1-defective cells. Compared to the parental, repair-proficient cell line all the mutants tested were defective in the elimination of both classes of adduct despite their very different levels of increased sensitivity. Consequently, there is no clear relationship between initial incisions at interstrand cross-links or removal of intrastrand adducts and cellular sensitivity. These results demonstrate that the high cisplatin sensitivity of ERCC1 and XPF cells likely results from a defect other than in excision repair. In contrast to other conventional DNA cross-linking agents, we found that the repair of cisplatin adducts does not involve the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. Surprisingly, XRCC2 and XRCC3 cells are defective in the uncoupling step of cisplatin interstrand cross-link repair, suggesting that homologous recombination might be initiated prior to excision of this type of cross-link.
Antibiotic prophylaxis and tourniquet inflation in total knee arthroplasty. (1990)

Twenty-four patients receiving total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were randomized into one of three groups based on tourniquet inflation one, two, or five minutes after administration 1 g cefazolin. Simultaneous serum, soft-tissue, and bone samples were obtained at regular intervals during surgery. All soft-tissue and bone samples were corrected for cefazolin content. The percentage of cefazolin penetration into soft tissue and bone was calculated using the area under the concentration time curve. Adequate cefazolin concentrations for soft tissue and bone were defined as greater than or equal to 4 x minimum inhibitory concentration90 (MIC90 = 1 microgram/ml) of cefazolin to Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Patients were similar in age, actual body weight, creatinine clearance, and length of tourniquet inflation. The median percentage of cefazolin penetration into soft tissue and bone for the five-, two-, and one-minute groups was 14.5% and 4.6%, 6.7% and 3.0%, and 5.9% and 4.6%, respectively; the percentage of penetration into soft tissue between the five- and one-minute groups was statistically significant. A higher percentage of patients achieved the desired cefazolin concentration (greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/g) if a five-minute interval was selected. The five-minute group achieved the highest mean ratios of concentration to MIC compared with the two- and one-minute groups, although the differences were not statistically significant. The standard 1 g of cefazolin with a five-minute interval between administration and tourniquet inflation resulted in adequate mean soft-tissue and bone concentrations for prophylaxis during TKA with a tourniquet time less than two hours. Additional doses are not warranted after tourniquet release.
The Economics of Click Fraud (2010)

Click fraud is a substantial threat in the cyberworld. Here, the author examines the contexts, mechanisms, and processes associated with the click-fraud industry from an economics viewpoint. The nature of electronic channels, characterized by asymmetric hypermediation, provides a fertile ground for such fraud.
Enterovirus D68–Associated Acute Flaccid Myelitis in Immunocompromised Woman, Italy (2017)

In Italy in 2016, acute flaccid myelitis developed in a woman who had received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Enterovirus D68 viral genome was detected in respiratory and cerebrospinal fluid samples, and the viral protein 1 sequence clustered with lineage B3. Immunocompromised adults may be at risk for enterovirus D68-associated neurologic complications.
Computing with large random patterns (2001)

We describe a style of computing that differs from traditional numeric and symbolic computing and is suited for modeling neural networks. We focus on one aspect of ``neurocomputing,'' namely, computing with large random patterns, or high-dimensional random vectors, and ask what kind of computing they perform and whether they can help us understand how the brain processes information and how the mind works. Rapidly developing hardware technology will soon be able to produce the massive circuits that this style of computing requires. This chapter develops a theory on which the computing could be based.
Impact of immunization against SpyCEP during invasive disease with two streptococcal species: Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus equi (2009)

Currently there is no licensed vaccine against the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. The highly conserved IL-8 cleaving S. pyogenes cell envelope proteinase SpyCEP is surface expressed and is a potential vaccine candidate. A recombinant N-terminal part of SpyCEP (CEP) was expressed and purified. AntiCEP antibodies were found to neutralize the IL-8 cleaving activity of SpyCEP. CEP-immunized mice had reduced bacterial dissemination from focal S. pyogenes intramuscular infection and intranasal infection. We also identified a functional SpyCEP-homolog protease SeCEP, expressed by the equine pathogen Streptococcus equi, which was able to cleave both human and equine IL-8. CEP-immunized mice also demonstrated reduced bacterial dissemination from S. equi intramuscular infection. Therefore immunization against SpyCEP may provide protection against other streptococci species with homologous proteases.
A graphical query language: VISUAL and its query processing (2002)

This paper describes VISUAL, a graphical icon-based query language with a user-friendly graphical user interface for scientific databases and its query processing techniques. VISUAL is suitable for domains where visualization of the relationships is important for the domain scientist to express queries. In VISUAL, graphical objects are not tied to the underlying formalism; instead, they represent the relationships of the application domain. VISUAL supports relational, nested, and object-oriented models naturally and has formal basis. For ease of understanding and for efficiency reasons, two VISUAL semantics are introduced, namely, the interpretation and execution semantics. Translations from VISUAL to the Object Query Language (for portability considerations) and to an object algebra (for query processing purposes) are presented. Concepts of external and internal queries are developed as modularization tools.
Type I and Type II Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions: Guidelines and Mechanistic Pathways (2017)

Here, 10 guidelines are presented for a standardized definition of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions. Because of varied notions of reactions mediated by photosensitizers, a checklist of recommendations is provided for their definitions. Type I and type II photoreactions are oxygen-dependent and involve unstable species such as the initial formation of radical cation or neutral radicals from the substrates and/or singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub><sup>1</sup> ∆<sub>g</sub> ) by energy transfer to molecular oxygen. In addition, superoxide anion radical (O2·-) can be generated by a charge-transfer reaction involving O<sub>2</sub> or more likely indirectly as the result of O<sub>2</sub> -mediated oxidation of the radical anion of type I photosensitizers. In subsequent reactions, O2·- may add and/or reduce a few highly oxidizing radicals that arise from the deprotonation of the radical cations of key biological targets. O2·- can also undergo dismutation into H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> , the precursor of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (·OH) that may induce delayed oxidation reactions in cells. In the second part, several examples of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions are provided to illustrate the complexity and the diversity of the degradation pathways of mostly relevant biomolecules upon one-electron oxidation and singlet oxygen reactions.
DNA Purification (2001)

Innumerable commercial DNA purification products exist, as do a similar number of homemade analogs. By what criteria could you select a purification strategy? Are you thoroughly familiar with your purification needs? What level of purity do you need, and must all contaminants be eliminated? Chapter 7 explains the mechanisms of commercial purification products and critically reviews their strengths and limitations.
Novel Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Onychomycosis (2019)

Onychomycosis accounts for 50% of all nail disease cases and is commonly caused by dermatophytes. It was primarily considered a cosmetic problem but has been garnering attention lately due to its persistent nature and difficult treatment with relapses. With prolonged treatment duration and high cost involved in treating onychomycosis, several attempts have been made in overcoming the rigid nail barrier. The conventional treatment of onychomycosis involves oral and topical therapy. The oral antifungal agents though quite effective, are hepato-toxic and cause drug-drug interactions. Topical therapy is more patient compliant being devoid of such adverse effects but it suffers from another setback of improper nail penetration. Amorolfine and ciclopirox nail lacquers are popular market products. Since decades, efforts have been made to enhance topical delivery for efficiently treating onychomycosis. Mechanical, physical and chemical methods have been employed. Despite all the attempts made, the nail delivery issues are far from being solved. Recently, the focus has shifted to novel drug delivery systems like nanoparticles, microemulsions, polymeric films and nail lacquers for enhanced drug permeation and localized therapy. The research around the world is exploring their potential as effective treatment options. This review intends to further explore the novel delivery strategies to treat a persistent fungal infection like onychomycosis.
Hyperactivity and impaired response habituation in hyperdopaminergic mice (2001)

Abnormal dopaminergic transmission is implicated in schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and drug addiction. In an attempt to model aspects of these disorders, we have generated hyperdopaminergic mutant mice by reducing expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) to 10% of wild-type levels (DAT knockdown). Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and in vivo microdialysis revealed that released dopamine was cleared at a slow rate in knockdown mice, which resulted in a higher extracellular dopamine concentration. Unlike the DAT knockout mice, the DAT knockdown mice do not display a growth retardation phenotype. They have normal home cage activity but display hyperactivity and impaired response habituation in novel environments. In addition, we show that both the indirect dopamine receptor agonist amphetamine and the direct agonists apomorphine and quinpirole inhibit locomotor activity in the DAT knockdown mice, leading to the hypothesis that a shift in the balance between dopamine auto and heteroreceptor function may contribute to the therapeutic effect of psychostimulants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
PARP-14 combines with tristetraprolin in the selective posttranscriptional control of macrophage tissue factor expression (2014)

Tissue factor (TF) (CD142) is a 47 kDa transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein that triggers the extrinsic coagulation cascade and links thrombosis with inflammation. Although macrophage TF expression is known to be regulated at the RNA level, very little is known about the mechanisms involved. Poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate [ADP]-ribose)-polymerase (PARP)-14 belongs to a family of intracellular proteins that generate ADP-ribose posttranslational adducts. Functional screening of PARP-14-deficient macrophages mice revealed that PARP-14 deficiency leads to increased TF expression and functional activity in macrophages after challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. This was related to an increase in TF messenger RNA (mRNA) stability. Ribonucleoprotein complex immunoprecipitation and biotinylated RNA pull-down assays demonstrated that PARP-14 forms a complex with the mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP) and a conserved adenylate-uridylate-rich element in the TF mRNA 3' untranslated region. TF mRNA regulation by PARP-14 was selective, as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α mRNA, which is also regulated by TTP, was not altered in PARP-14 deficient macrophages. Consistent with the in vitro data, TF expression and TF activity, but not TNFα expression, were increased in Parp14(-/-) mice in vivo. Our study provides a novel mechanism for the posttranscriptional regulation of TF expression, indicating that this is selectively regulated by PARP-14.