gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Data Association for Multi-Target Tracking (2009)

This paper presents Markov chain Monte Carlo data association (MCMCDA) for solving data association problems arising in multitarget tracking in a cluttered environment. When the number of targets is fixed, the single-scan version of MCMCDA approximates joint probabilistic data association (JPDA). Although the exact computation of association probabilities in JPDA is NP-hard, we prove that the single-scan MCMCDA algorithm provides a fully polynomial randomized approximation scheme for JPDA. For general multitarget tracking problems, in which unknown numbers of targets appear and disappear at random times, we present a multi-scan MCMCDA algorithm that approximates the optimal Bayesian filter. We also present extensive simulation studies supporting theoretical results in this paper. Our simulation results also show that MCMCDA outperforms multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) by a significant margin in terms of accuracy and efficiency under extreme conditions, such as a large number of targets in a dense environment, low detection probabilities, and high false alarm rates.
Plant Transcription Factors (1995)

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression relies on the recognition of promoter elements by transcription factors. In the past several years, a considerable number of (putative) transcription factors have been identified in plants. Some genes coding for these factors were isolated by south-western screening with oligonucleotides as a probe or by homology-based screening, and others were initially isolated by genetic means and subsequently identified as the genes for transcription factors. These transcription factors often form families of structurally related proteins with similar DNA-binding specificities and in addition, they are sometimes involved in related phenomena. Some groups of factors homo- and/or heterodimerize to increase the length and variability of the target sequences. Transcriptional activators, in general, comprise a modular activation domain. The activities of the transcription factors are controlled by post-translational modification, like phosphorylation and glycosylation, as well as at the levels of nuclear transport, oligomerization, etc. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of plant transcription factors to help understand the mechanistic aspects of the transcriptional regulation of genes.
New p-Ge THz laser spectrometer for the study of solutions: THz absorption spectroscopy of water (2005)

We present the development of a high power, tunable far-infrared p-germanium laser spectrometer for the study of dissolved biomolecules in the THz range. As a first application we report on the measurement of the absorption coefficient α for liquid water in the frequency range from 81to96cm−1. Using the p-Ge laser spectrometer we were able to penetrate through layers of up to 100μm thickness. We discuss the advantages and the limitations of this THz spectrometer. We present an analysis of the experimental data based on a χ2 test to provide an objective procedure to minimize the influence of systematic effects, for example of interference due to multiple reflections within the sample chamber. The measured absorption coefficient α lies between (410±6) and (490±6)cm−1 at 81 and 96cm−1, respectively.
The Garlic project (1996)

The goal of the Garlic [1] project is to build a multimedia information system capable of integrating data that resides in different database systems as well as in a variety of non-database data servers. This integration must be enabled while maintaining the independence of the data servers, and without creating copies of their data. "Multimedia" should be interpreted broadly to mean not only images, video, and audio, but also text and application specific data types (e.g., CAD drawings, medical objects, …). Since much of this data is naturally modeled by objects, Garlic provides an object-oriented schema to applications, interprets object queries, creates execution plans for sending pieces of queries to the appropriate data servers, and assembles query results for delivery back to the applications. A significant focus of the project is support for "intelligent" data servers, i.e., servers that provide media-specific indexing and query capabilities [2]. Database optimization technology is being extended to deal with heterogeneous collections of data servers so that efficient data access plans can be employed for multi-repository queries.A prototype of the Garlic system has been operational since January 1995. Queries are expressed in an SQL-like query language that has been extended to include object-oriented features such as reference-valued attributes and nested sets. In addition to a C++ API, Garlic supports a novel query/browser interface called PESTO [3]. This component of Garlic provides end users of the system with a friendly, graphical interface that supports interactive browsing, navigation, and querying of the contents of Garlic databases. Unlike existing interfaces to databases, PESTO allows users to move back and forth seamlessly between querying and browsing activities, using queries to identify interesting subsets of the database, browsing the subset, querying the content of a set-valued attribute of a particularly interesting object in the subset, and so on.
Characterization of Modified Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings (2003)

Abstract In gas turbines and diesel engines there is a demand for Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings (TTBCs), because of the increased process combustion temperatures. Unfortunately the increased thickness of plasma sprayed TBCs normally leads to a reduced coating lifetime. So for that reason the coating structures have to be modified. When modifying the structure of TTBCs, the focus is normally set on elastic modulus reduction of the thick coating, in order to improve the coating strain tolerance. On the other hand, coating structural modification procedures, such as sealing treatments, can be performed when increased hot corrosion resistance or better mechanical properties are needed. In this paper we introduced several modified zirconia based TTBC structures and their specific microstructural properties. Coating surface sealing procedures such as phosphate sealing, laser-glazing and sol-gel impregnation were studied as potential methods in increasing the hot corrosion and erosion resistance of TTBCs. Some microstructural modifications were also made by introducing segmentation cracks into the coating structures by laserglazing and by using special spraying parameters. These last two methods were studied in order to increase the strain tolerance of TTBCs. The coating microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, EDS analysis and X-ray diffraction. The effect of sealing procedures was studied on basic thermal and mechanical properties of the coatings. In the paper it was also presented some correlations between the coating properties and microstructures, and discussed about the advantages and drawbacks of each modification procedure.
The role of IRES <i>trans</i>-acting factors in regulating translation initiation (2010)

The majority of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells are translated via a method that is dependent upon the recognition of, and binding to, the methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA, by a set of protein factors termed eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors). However, many of the eIFs involved in this process are modified and become less active under a number of pathophysiological stress conditions, including amino acid starvation, heat shock, hypoxia and apoptosis. During these conditions, the continued synthesis of proteins essential to recovery from stress or maintenance of a cellular programme is mediated via an alternative form of translation initiation termed IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-mediated translation. This relies on the mRNA containing a complex cis-acting structural element in its 5'-UTR (untranslated region) that is able to recruit the ribosome independently of the cap, and is often dependent upon additional factors termed ITAFs (IRES trans-acting factors). A limited number of ITAFs have been identified to date, particularly for cellular IRESs, and it is not yet fully understood how they exert their control and which cellular pathways are involved in their regulation.
The Efficient Memory BISR Architecture using Sign Bits (2007)

With the development of the memory design and process technology, the production of high-density memory has become a large scale industry. Since these memories require complicated designs and accurate manufacturing processes, It is possible to exist more defects. Therefore, in order to analyze the defects, repair them and fix the problems in the manufacturing process, memory repair using BISR(Built-In Self-Repair) circuit is recently focused. This paper presents an efficient memory BISR architecture that uses spare memories effectively. The proposed BISR architecture utilizes the additional storage space named 'sign bit' for the repair of memories. This shows the better performance compared with the previous works.
Glycolipid anchors are attached to Thy-1 glycoprotein rapidly after translation (1987)

The attachment of glycolipid anchors to the Thy-1 glycoprotein during biosynthesis was followed by the change of detergent-binding properties of biosynthetically labelled Thy-1 precursors upon phospholipase C treatment in the murine thymoma lines BW5147 and S1A. In S1A, 80% of the Thy-1 molecules were phospholipase-C-sensitive after a 2 min pulse with [35S]methionine, indicating that these molecules were already anchored via a glycolipid tail. In BW5147, 47% of the Thy-1 molecules had phospholipase-C-sensitive anchors attached after a 1.5 min labelling and, with longer pulses, this percentage rose to 76%. Tunicamycin did not block the addition of glycolipid anchors, and glycolipid attachment also occurred at 21 degrees C. The findings suggest that the attachment of glycolipid anchors occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Two new equalisation schemes for high-density digital magnetic recording systems with quad-phase modulation code (1990)

Quad-phase has desirable features for use in digital magnetic recording. Here we propose two novel equalisation schemes that seem attractive at high information densities. One scheme estimates the even and odd data bits in reverse order, while the other uses two equalisers to estimate even and odd bits separately.
Characterization of Immunoreactive Proopiomelanocortin-Related Peptides in Rat Testes (1983)

alpha-Endorphin, beta-endorphin, gamma-endorphin, and N-terminal ACTH immunoreactivity were detectable in acid extracts of rat testes with concentrations of 0.07 +/- 0.01, 0.18 +/- 0.03, 0.06 +/- 0.01, and 0.33 +/- 0.08 (+/- SD) pmol/g wet wt, respectively. The forms of these immunoreactive peptides were characterized by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Immunoreactive beta-endorphin was also analyzed by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the major form of immunoreactive beta-endorphin present appears to be beta-endorphin-(1-31). No alpha-N-acetylated forms of beta-endorphin or beta-lipotropin-sized material were detected. Immunoreactive alpha- and gamma-endorphin appear to be present as alpha-endorphin and des-Tyr1-gamma-endorphin, respectively. Immunoreactive alpha MSH was present as its desacetylated form. No immunoreactive ACTH fractionating with ACTH-(1-39) or its glycosylated forms was detected. This peptide profile is most similar to that seen for proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides in the brain. The low concentrations of these peptides in rat testes suggest a paracrine function.
Homozygous Mutation in <i>MERTK</i> Causes Severe Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa (2011)

MERTK mutations lead to severe retinitis pigmentosa with discrete dot-like autofluorescent deposits at early stages, which are a hallmark of this MERTK-specific dystrophy.
Private Sharing of User Location over Online Social Networks (2010)

Abstract. Online social networks increasingly allow mobile users to share their location with their friends. Much to the detriment of users’ privacy, this also means that social network operators collect users ’ location. Similarly, third parties can learn users ’ location from localization and location visualization services. Ideally, third-parties should not be given complete access to users ’ location. To protect location privacy, we design and implement a platform-independent solution for users to share their location in a private fashion over online social networks. Our solution relies on encryption to enforce access control and uses dummy queries and caching to protect localization and location visualization. 1
Identification of road gradient and vehicle pitch angle (2005)

This report presents an approach for identifying the road uphill gradient and the vehicle pitch angle during straight forwards driving of a vehicle with the help of the vertical accelerometer, the longitudinal accelerometer and the wheel speed sensor signals. The derivation of the models and the used identification method are described. The practicability is demonstrated. Finally, the benefits, strengths and weaknesses of the method presented here are elaborated.
Motion of unipolar arc spots ignited on a nanostructured tungsten surface (2011)

Unipolar arc is a unique phenomenon, which many people have been trying to investigate experimentally and theoretically. In this paper, we show that unipolar arcing is promptly initiated on tungsten in response to a pulsed heat load when a nanostructure is formed on the surface by exposure to a helium plasma. The behavior of the arc spot is investigated from the observation with a fast framing camera and from the arc trail recorded on the material, and comparisons are made between the observation and numerical modeling. It is revealed that the arc trail has a self-affine fractal nature under magnetized conditions, and it significantly alters with the magnetic field strength.
Expression of toll‐like receptors 2, 4 and 9 is increased in gingival tissue from patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis (2011)

These data suggest that the expression of these TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 9 in gingival tissue is higher in individuals with diabetes because its inflammatory reaction is exacerbated. Additionally, the expression of these TLRS is positively regulated with the severity of periodontal disease.
Conversion of radiation in nonlinear photonic crystals of strontium tetraborate (2009)

Strontium tetraborate (SBO) possesses transparency in the VUV that allows nonlinear generaton to the wavelengths as short as 125 nm. The existence of domain structures consisting of alternating oppositely poled domains is found in as grown crystals of SBO. Domain walls are perpendicular to a crystallographic axis. In this paper non-collinear generation (nonlinear diffraction) of the second and third harmonics of nanosecond Nd:YAG laser is used for the investigation of reciprocal superlattice vectors (RSV) spectrum of the domain structures. When fundamental radiation propagates in the vicinity of direction perpendicular to the domain walls, random quasi phase matching (RQPM) was observed in the process of generation of 266 nm radiation via doubling of the second harmonic of nanosecond Nd:YAG laser. Maximum efficiency of conversion is 0.5% and exceeds that obtained for 2D nonlinear photonic crystal based on strontium barium niobate.
Enhancing Depth Perception in Translucent Volumes (2006)

We present empirical studies that consider the effects of stereopsis and simulated aerial perspective on depth perception in translucent volumes. We consider a purely absorptive lighting model, in which light is not scattered or reflected, but is simply absorbed as it passes through the volume. A purely absorptive lighting model is used, for example, when rendering digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), which are synthetic X-ray images reconstructed from CT volumes. Surgeons make use of DRRs in planning and performing operations, so an improvement of depth perception in DRRs may help diagnosis and surgical planning.
Conditionally Positive Definite Kernels for SVM Based Image Recognition (2005)

Kernel based methods such as support vector machine (SVM) has provided successful tools for solving many recognition problems. One of the reasons of this success is the use of kernels. Positive definiteness has to be checked for kernels to be suitable for most of these methods. For instance for SVM, the use of a positive definite kernel insures that the optimized problem is convex and thus the obtained solution is unique. Alternative class of kernels called conditionally positive definite have been studied for a long time from the theoretical point of view and have drawn attention from the community only in the last decade. We propose a new kernel, named log kernel, which seems particularly interesting for images. Moreover, we prove that this new kernel is a conditionally positive definite kernel as well as the power kernel. Finally, we show from experimentations that using conditionally positive definite kernels allows us to outperform classical positive definite kernels
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Reduced Organometallics. Part 20. The First General Synthetic Route to Zerovalent Titanium Carbonyls. Synthesis and Properties of Ti(CO)5(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2). (1988)

Abstract The title complex (V) is prepared according to the scheme and characterized by IR, 1 H, 31 P, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy.
A Novel Pyruvate Kinase M2 Activator Compound that Suppresses Lung Cancer Cell Viability under Hypoxia (2015)

Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), a rate-limiting enzyme in the final step of glycolysis, is known to be associated with the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells, and considered an important cancer therapeutic target. Herein, we report a novel PKM2 activator, PA-12, which was identified via the molecular docking-based virtual screening. We demonstrate that PA-12 stimulates the pyruvate kinase activity of recombinant PKM2 in vitro, with a half-maximal activity concentration of 4.92 μM, and effectively suppresses both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of lung cancer cells in non-essential amino acid-depleted medium. In addition, PA-12 blocked the nuclear translocalization of PKM2 in lung cancer cells, resulting in the inhibition of hypoxia response element (HRE)-mediated reporter activity as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) target gene expression, eventually leading to the suppression of cell viability under hypoxia. We also verified that the effects of PA-12 were dependent on PKM2 expression in cancer cells, demonstrating the specificity of PA-12 for PKM2 protein. Taken together, our data suggest that PA-12 is a novel and potent PKM2 activator that has therapeutic implications for lung cancer.
Efficient Coupling between Dielectric-Loaded Plasmonic and Silicon Photonic Waveguides (2010)

The realization of practical on-chip plasmonic devices will require efficient coupling of light into and out of surface plasmon waveguides over short length scales. In this letter, we report on low insertion loss for polymer-on-gold dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides end-coupled to silicon-on-insulator waveguides with a coupling efficiency of 79 ± 2% per transition at telecommunication wavelengths. Propagation loss is determined independently of insertion loss by measuring the transmission through plasmonic waveguides of varying length, and we find a characteristic surface-plasmon propagation length of 51 ± 4 μm at a free-space wavelength of λ = 1550 nm. We also demonstrate efficient coupling to whispering-gallery modes in plasmonic ring resonators with an average bending-loss-limited quality factor of 180 ± 8.
PD98059 Prevents Neurite Degeneration Induced by Fibrillar β‐Amyloid in Mature Hippocampal Neurons (2000)

How senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are linked represents a major gap in our understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously shown that the addition of fibrillar beta-amyloid (Abeta) to mature hippocampal neurons results in progressive neuritic degeneration accompanied by the enhanced phosphorylation of adult tau isoforms. In the present study, we sought to obtain more direct evidence of the signal transduction pathway(s) activated by fibrillar Abeta leading to tau phosphorylation and the generation of dystrophic neurites. Our results indicated that fibrillar Abeta induced the progressive and sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in mature hippocampal neurons. On the other hand, the specific inhibition of the MAPK signal transduction pathway by means of PD98059, a MAPK kinase (MEK) specific inhibitor, prevented the phosphorylation of tau (at Ser199/Ser202) induced by fibrillar Abeta. In addition, the inhibition of MAPK activation partially prevented neurite degeneration. Taken collectively, our results suggest that the sustained activation of the MAPK signal transduction pathway induced by fibrillar Abeta may lead to the abnormal phosphorylation of tau and the neuritic degeneration observed in AD.
Online Auctions as Advertising Revenue in the Media Mix (2005)

Online auctions hosted by newspapers to enhance the media mix are relatively new compared to other models of online advertising. This study examined the Ventura County Star newspaper’s open-cry, “going-going-gone” deadline, 12-day local online auctions for seven months. During these same months, the Ventura County Star deployed online banner ads. This research study investigated the effectiveness of the Ventura County Star newspaper’s local online auction format by the advertising revenue generated from local auctions for seven months compared to concurrent revenue generated from online banner ads during the same time frame. In addition, it examined local online auctions’ page impressions to investigate how much traffic was increased to the site. Based on the metrics provided by Netgravity software, findings demonstrated that local online auctions’ revenue surpassed banner ad revenue and traffic was increased to the site.
Airborne Fiber Separation by Electrophoresis and Dielectrophoresis: Theory and Design Considerations (1994)

The separation of airborne fibers by length and diameter is essential for evaluating inhalation dosimetry, understanding mechanisms of toxicity, and estimating risk to humans from inhaled fibers. Aerodynamic separation of fibrous aerosols depends strongly on fiber diameter and weakly on fiber length. Theoretical calculations show that thin, long fibers can be separated from particles by using differences in their electric mobilities. Fiber separation by length under the influence of electrophoretic forces and dielectrophoretic forces was calculated in a design model for fibers 20, 10, and 3 μm in length and 1 μm in diameter. Electrophoresis describes the motion of a charged object in an electric field, whereas dielectrophoresis describes the motion of neutral matter in a nonuniform electric field. Based on simulation results, 1-μm-diameter fibers having aspect ratios of 20, 10, and 3 can be separated from each other by electrophoresis if the charge ratio on these fibers is 10:5:1, respectively. Twenty-micron-long, nonconducting fibers can be separated by dielectrophoresis from 10-μm-long fibers under both plug and parabolic flow conditions, provided the relative humidity of the carrier gas exceeds 30%. The width of the aerosol inlet should be less than 2 mm for a concentric cylindrical separator having radii of 0.5 and 3 cm and total flow rate of 3 L/min. AC fields with high oscillating frequencies, (ω ≥ 50) must be applied to eliminate charge effects in dielectrophoretic separation.