gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Karhunen-Loeve expansion of the WSSUS channel output and its application to efficient simulation (1997)

This paper derives a Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) expansion of the time-varying output of a multipath Rayleigh fading wide-sense-stationary uncorrelated-scattering (WSSUS) channel. It is shown that under the same mean-squared error condition, the number of terms required by the truncated K-L expansion is less than that of the series expansion obtained by using the discrete-path approximation of the channel so that simulation using the K-L expansion is more efficient. This computational advantage becomes more significant as higher simulation accuracy is required. The derived K-L expansion is applied to develop an efficient simulation technique for digital transmission over a multipath Rayleigh fading WSSUS channel using an optimum receiver. We show that the proposed technique requires shorter computation time than two other known simulation techniques.
Fragment-Based Discovery of Inhibitors of the Bacterial DnaG-SSB Interaction (2018)

In bacteria, the DnaG primase is responsible for synthesis of short RNA primers used to initiate chain extension by replicative DNA polymerase(s) during chromosomal replication. Among the proteins with which <i>Escherichia coli</i> DnaG interacts is the single-stranded DNA-binding protein, SSB. The C-terminal hexapeptide motif of SSB (DDDIPF; SSB-Ct) is highly conserved and is known to engage in essential interactions with many proteins in nucleic acid metabolism, including primase. Here, fragment-based screening by saturation-transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR) and surface plasmon resonance assays identified inhibitors of the primase/SSB-Ct interaction. Hits were shown to bind to the SSB-Ct-binding site using <sup>15</sup>N-¹H HSQC spectra. STD-NMR was used to demonstrate binding of one hit to other SSB-Ct binding partners, confirming the possibility of simultaneous inhibition of multiple protein/SSB interactions. The fragment molecules represent promising scaffolds on which to build to discover new antibacterial compounds.
Plasma Cell Ontogeny Defined by Quantitative Changes in Blimp-1 Expression (2004)

Plasma cells comprise a population of terminally differentiated B cells that are dependent on the transcriptional regulator B lymphocyte--induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) for their development. We have introduced a gfp reporter into the Blimp-1 locus and shown that heterozygous mice express the green fluorescent protein in all antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, these cells display considerable heterogeneity in surface phenotype, immunoglobulin secretion rate, and Blimp-1 expression levels. Importantly, analysis of in vivo ASCs induced by immunization reveals a developmental pathway in which increasing levels of Blimp-1 expression define developmental stages of plasma cell differentiation that have many phenotypic and molecular correlates. Thus, maturation from transient plasmablast to long-lived ASCs in bone marrow is predicated on quantitative increases in Blimp-1 expression.
Internal meandered loop antenna for multiband mobile phone with the user’s hand (2007)

A novel internal meandered loop antenna for multiband operation in the mobile phone has been proposed. Strong effects of the user's hand on the impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna have been observed. Results indicate that, when the user's hand is close to or cover a certain portion of the antenna, large decrease in the antenna's radiation efficiency and great distortion in the antenna's radiation pattern for both the unbalanced and balanced modes will occur. On the other hand, when the user's hand holds the mobile phone with a large distance to the proposed antenna, smaller decrease in the radiation efficiency has been observed for the antenna's self-balanced mode than the antenna's two other unbalanced modes.
Isosorbide Nitrates, Nitroglycerin, and Sodium Nitroprusside Induce Vasodilation Concomitantly With Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase I in Erythrocytes (1997)

This study describes the relationship between nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, sodium nitroprusside, and carbonic anhydrase I, as well as the involvement of this carbonic anhydrase I in vasodilation. Two groups of coronary patients and a group of rabbits underwent treatment with the above-mentioned vasodilating drugs. The activity of red blood cell carbonic anhydrase was monitored and determined by the stopped-flow method. The results show that these drugs inhibit the activity of the isozyme in parallel to their vasodilating effect. The results of this study lead to the hypothesis that through the pH modifications induced by these vasodilators by the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase I, the isozyme may be involved in the regulation of vascular tonus.
The T cell antigen receptor: “The Hunting of the Snark” (2007)

The quest to clone the genes encoding the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) was a tale akin to Lewis Carroll's "The Hunting of the Snark". After a long and often frustrating search, back-to-back papers reporting the discovery of the genes encoding the mouse and human TCR were finally published in the March 8, 1984 edition of Nature. In this account, I outline how my laboratory hunted the human form of the Snark, and what our discovery meant to both the immunology community and me personally. Since the isolation of the TCR genes 23 years ago, more than 30,000 papers have been published on subjects as varied as central tolerance, peripheral tolerance, TCR crystal structure, and how TCR bind to peptide/MHC structures. Numerous clinical studies involving aspects of TCR biology have also been reported. Here, I briefly discuss how the knowledge generated from our discovery has been applied to basic and clinical immunology, and where it might take us in the future.
Ludlam limit considerations on cylinder ice accretion - Aerodynamics and thermodynamics (2001)

Performance of ice detectors, as a component of an ice protection system, has received increased scrutiny in conditions near freezing temperatures in light of recent events. Analytical, numerical and experimental studies were conducted to investigate ice accretion near freezing temperatures on The BFGoodrich Aircraft Sensors Division (Rosemount Aerospace Inc.) family of ice detectors as well as two-dimensional cylinders which are representative of the size of airfoil sections appropriate to typical regional aircraft. An analytical and numerical parametric study was carried out using several theories to explore the concepts of freezing fraction and Ludlam Limit with attention to the differences between real geometry and the inherent assumptions in each theory. Experimental methodology is reviewed before results are presented for an ice detector tested in The BFGoodrich Aircraft Sensors Division (ASD) facility as well as at The BFGoodrich Deicing and Specialty Systems Division (DSSD) icing wind tunnel facility. A large cylinder (17 cm diameter) was also tested at DSSD the cylinder having two materials to investigate the effect of skin heat conduction. An afterbody was then placed on the cylinder intending to achieve pressure distributions more representative of airfoils, tested in a limited speed range, and data collected. An error analysis demonstrates that spatial uncertainties in temperature for both tunnels could be maintained to no better than ± 0.5°C (documented variations in NASA's Icing Research Tunnel are as large as 6°C). In many cases, the uncertainty in the static temperature measurement overshadowed the measured difference in critical temperature between different geometric configurations, making interpretation of the results difficult, although it was noted that ice that accumulated under these conditions is not thought to be harmful to performance or handling of the aircraft and associated components. Tenn AOA ASD ATP DSSD
Multicolor Electrochromic DOT-Matrix Display Investigation (1980)

Abstract : The feasibility of multicolor electrochromic dot-matrix displays based on lutetium diphthalocyanine was investigated on the premise that integrated matrix drive electronics for such devices will become available in several years. A 3 x 3-inch display panel with switchable 5 x 7-dot characters was attractive and clearly legible at 24 lpi. Viewing was hardly impaired when a metal mesh overlay simulating the appearance of matrix drive circuitry was placed in registry with the dot pattern. Color resolution and memory were demonstrated for adjacent red/green, blue/green, and red/blue areas in the matrix. Current and charge transients were recorded for constant-voltage pulses applied to areas representing 2 to 16 dots. Time constants of 10 to 20 ms were typical of the green-to-red electrochromic transition. An effective capacitance of approximately 1000 microform/sq cm arose from the electrochemical reaction of the dye film. Also associated with that process was an area resistance, usually less than 25 ohms.sq cm. Further development of multicolor electrochromic dot-matrix displays is recommended. (Author)
Efficient Epileptic Seizure Prediction Based on Deep Learning (2019)

Epilepsy is one of the world's most common neurological diseases. Early prediction of the incoming seizures has a great influence on epileptic patients' life. In this paper, a novel patient-specific seizure prediction technique based on deep learning and applied to long-term scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is proposed. The goal is to accurately detect the preictal brain state and differentiate it from the prevailing interictal state as early as possible and make it suitable for real time. The features extraction and classification processes are combined into a single automated system. Raw EEG signal without any preprocessing is considered as the input to the system which further reduces the computations. Four deep learning models are proposed to extract the most discriminative features which enhance the classification accuracy and prediction time. The proposed approach takes advantage of the convolutional neural network in extracting the significant spatial features from different scalp positions and the recurrent neural network in expecting the incidence of seizures earlier than the current methods. A semi-supervised approach based on transfer learning technique is introduced to improve the optimization problem. A channel selection algorithm is proposed to select the most relevant EEG channels which makes the proposed system good candidate for real-time usage. An effective test method is utilized to ensure robustness. The achieved highest accuracy of 99.6% and lowest false alarm rate of 0.004 h <sup>- 1</sup> along with very early seizure prediction time of 1 h make the proposed method the most efficient among the state of the art.
Transformation Optics with Photonic Band Gap Media (2010)

We introduce a class of optical media based on adiabatically modulated, dielectric-only, and potentially extremely low-loss, photonic crystals (PC). The media we describe represent a generalization of the eikonal limit of transformation optics (TO). The basis of the concept is the possibility to fit some equal frequency surfaces of certain PCs with elliptic surfaces, allowing them to mimic the dispersion relation of light in anisotropic effective media. PC cloaks and other TO devices operating at visible wavelengths can be constructed from optically transparent substances such as glasses, whose attenuation coefficient can be as small as 10 dB/km, suggesting the TO design methodology can be applied to the development of optical devices not limited by the losses inherent to metal-based, passive metamaterials.
Ethylene-Enhanced 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Synthase Activity in Ripening Apples (1984)

Apples (Malus sylvestris Mill, cv Golden Delicious) were treated before harvest with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). AVG is presumed to reversibly inhibit 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) activity, but not the formation of ACC synthase. AVG treatment effectively blocked initiation of autocatalytic ethylene production and ripening of harvested apples. Exogenous ethylene induced extractable ACC synthase activity and ripening in AVG-treated apples. Removal of exogenous ethylene caused a rapid decline in ACC synthase activity and in CO(2) production. The results with ripened, AVG-treated apples indicate (a) a dose-response relationship between ethylene and enhancement of ACC synthase activity with a half-maximal response at approximately 0.8 mul/l ethylene; (b) reversal of ethylene-enhanced ACC synthase activity by CO(2); (c) enhancement of ACC synthase activity by the ethylene-activity analog propylene.Induction of ACC synthase activity, autocatalytic ethylene production, and ripening of preclimacteric apples not treated with AVG were delayed by 6 and 10% CO(2), but not by 1.25% CO(2). However, each of these CO(2) concentrations reduced the rate of increase of ACC synthase activity.
TRICHLOROLANTHANOID(LnCl3)-CATALYZED FRIEDEL–CRAFTS ALKYLATION REACTIONS (1986)

Abstract The usual Friedel–Crafts catalysts cannot be re-used after aqueous work-up. An alternative catalyst, based on rare earths has been found, which serves as an efficient Friedel–Crafts catalyst for alkylation of arenes by alkyl halides, and can be re-used after the reaction. Typical examples are shown in the reaction of benzene with benzyl halides using all of the rare earth trichlorides as catalyst, except PmCl3.
Pacemaker Neurons: Effects of Regularly Spaced Synaptic Input (1964)

The consequences of inhibitory or excitatory synaptic input between pacemaker neurons were predicted mathematically and through digital-computer simulations, and the predicted behavior was found to occur in abdominal ganglia of Aplysia and in stretch receptors of Procambarus. Discharge patterns under conditions that do not involve interneuronal feedback are characteristic and self-stabilizing. Paradoxically, increased arrival rates of inhibitory input can increase firing rates, and increased excitatory input rates can decrease firing rates.
Independent Component Analysis Applied in Biomedical Signal Processing (2004)

Abstract. The EEG is composed of electrical potentials arising from several sources. Each source (including separate neural clusters, blink artifact, or pulse artifact) projects a unique topography onto the scalp-&apos;scalp maps&apos;. These maps are mixed according to the principle of linear superposition. Independent component analysis (ICA) attempts to reverse the superposition by separating the EEG into mutually independent scalp maps, or components so that the method used is the study is independent component analysis (ICA). The Polysomnogram (PSG), a complex of more signals recorded over night for the patients with respiratory problems contains also redundant information that can be removed using the ICA.
Architecture of a Multi-Context FPGA Using Reconfigurable Context Memory (2005)

Dynamically-programmable gate arrays (DPGAs) promise lower-cost implementations than conventional FPGAs since they efficiently reuse limited hardware resources in time. One of typical DPGA architectures is a multi-context one. Multi-context FPGAs (MC-FPGAs) have multiple memory bits per configuration bit forming configuration planes for fast switching between contexts. The additional memory planes cause significant overhead in area and power consumption. To overcome the overhead, a fine-grained reconfigurable architecture called reconfigurable context memory (RCM) is presented based on the fact that there are redundancy and regularity in configuration bits between different contexts. Switch blocks are efficiently implemented by using RCM as context decoders and routing switches. By using the RCM in logic blocks, an adaptive multi-context logic block table is introduced where the size of look-up tables and the number of different configuration planes of look-up tables are adaptively determined at each logic block. Moreover, non-volatile ferroelectric-based functional pass-gates are used as components of the RCM to achieve compactness and low static power. Under a constraint of the same number of contexts, an area of the proposed MC-FPGA is 45% of that of the conventional MC-FPGA. In the functional-pass-gate-based evaluation, the area of the proposed MC-FPGA is reduced to 37% of the conventional MC-FPGA one.
Sequence and drug susceptibility of subtype C reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconverters in Zimbabwe (1997)

Naturally occurring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) variability has implications for the success of antiretroviral therapy. We determined the sequence of the polymerase-coding region of RT from virus isolates from 12 Zimbabwean individuals recently infected with HIV-1. The 12 RT sequences differed from the consensus B RT sequence at 10.5% of nucleotides and 5.8% of amino acids. Susceptibility testing of five isolates to zidovudine, didanosine, lamivudine, and nevirapine demonstrated susceptibilities similar to those of wild-type subtype B isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of 40 HIV-1 RT sequences, including the 12 Zimbabwean subtype C sequences, 11 subtype B sequences, and the 17 remaining published non-subtype B sequences showed sufficient intrasubtype RT sequence variation to differentiate subtype A, B, C, and D isolates. Five recently reported subtype C RT sequences from India grouped with the Zimbabwean subtype C sequences but had significantly less intraisolate sequence variation. Both intra- and intersubtype RT comparisons were notable for extraordinarily high ratios of synonymous to nonsynonymous differences. Although substitutions in the HIV-1 RT gene are limited by functional constraints, variation between RT sequences demonstrates phylogenetic relationships that parallel env and gag gene variation.
Predicting Clinical Phenotype Using OTU-Based Metagenome Representation (2015)

We demonstrate a computational method to predict the clinical phenotypes of a patient from raw metagenomic sequence read data. We compared two state of the art programs for annotating the sequence data, UCLUST and Kraken, and using their output for feature generation. We apply these programs to a set of over 1.3 million reads from 904 patients, some of whom have liver cirrhosis, encephalopathy due to liver cirrhosis, or neither disease. Once the reads have been processed by UCLUST or Kraken, we use Support Vector Machines to setup the clinical phenotype prediction problem. We find that too many false negatives are being predicted by the classifier. In order to address the issue, we scale features to improve the classification model and evaluate the end results on a held-out test set. We demonstrate our approach works quickly and accurately with an 85.64% success rate when we use the UCLUST representation. We also find that UCLUST generally performs better than Kraken, with the latter having an 80.66% success rate. We also test our classifier on several subsets of the data, with success rates ranging from 69.81% to 96.72%.
Low Latency Radio Access in 3GPP Local Area Data Networks for V2X: Stochastic Optimization and Learning (2018)

The next generation vehicular applications substantially shifting the paradigm of human activity have been projected to empower intelligent transportation systems. Targeting at supporting vehicle-to-everything connections, conventional mobile network architectures mandatorily requiring data routing through the core network, however, induce unacceptable costs both in end-to-end latency and backhaul resource consumption. The technical merit of moving computation and storage resources along with mobile vehicles consequently renders the mobile edge computing (MEC) a promising remedy to relieve the burden at the core network. To practice MEC, 3GPP has launched the normative works of a new paradigm known as the local area data network (LADN). Through performing in-network cache to store popular information at LADNs, a vehicle locating within the service area of an LADN is able to access particular location-based wireless application and information. Avoiding data routing through the core network, LADNs, however, encounter two critical challenges in downlink radio access to induce additional latency issues: 1) resource starvation at fronthaul links and 2) discrimination of quality-of-service requirements of vehicles with distinct capabilities. To tackle these challenges, through formulating the Lyapunov function, a stochastic optimization maximizing the utilization of fronthaul resources while stabilizing the queue (and thus latency) of each vehicle is proposed to address the resource starvation. Subsequently, a reinforcement learning-based multiarmed bandit algorithm is further proposed to achieve optimum harmonization of feedback-based and feedbackless transmissions, so as to strikes the tradeoff among energy efficiency, latency, and reliability. The performance evaluation results full demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design, to serve urgent needs in the deployment of LADNs.
Time-wavelength multiplexing of mode-locked external-cavity semiconductor lasers (1982)

A technique for obtaining multicolor operation of mode-locked lasers has been applied to an external-cavity semiconductor laser. The generation of two perfectly synchronized optical pulse trains of different wavelengths from such a laser is demonstrated.
InGaAs/InP Gain-Coupled Distributed Feedback Laser with a Corrugated Active Layer (1991)

With InGaAs/InP materials, we have fabricated gain-coupled distributed feedback lasers having grating corrugation on the active layer itself, using two-step organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Single longitudinal mode properties have been achieved. Self-consistent calculation of coupling coefficients and threshold gain difference for these lasers has also been carried out.
Enclosed SU-8 and PDMS microchannels with integrated interconnects for chip-to-chip and world-to-chip connections (2008)

This paper presents the simulation, fabrication and testing of fluid-tight enclosed microchannels with integrated interconnects for modular snap-together chip-to-chip and world-to-chip connections. Components consisting of microchannels with integrated interconnect were fabricated in SU-8 photopolymer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Simulations were performed in ANSYS for component microchannels with chip-to-chip and world-to-chip interconnects in order to determine the expected flow profile and pressure drop. Components with world-to-chip structures were then experimentally pressurized to 252 kPa and 148 kPa for SU-8 and PDMS respectively, without leakage. Components with chip-to-chip interconnects were assembled in a hybrid configuration utilizing SU-8 and PDMS for individual components assembled in a chain, and pressurized to 124 kPa before leakage. The duality of these structures as both world-to-chip and chip-to-chip connections increases their usability since they can provide micro- to macro-connections, as well as chip-to-chip connections without needing to redesign the interconnection scheme.