gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Gene for a Sucrose Transporter in Maize (Zea mays L.) (1999)

Here we report the cloning of a sucrose transporter cDNA from maize (Zea mays L.) and an analysis of the expression of the gene. A cDNA clone (ZmSUT1) was identified as a sucrose transporter cDNA from its sequence homology at the amino acid level to sucrose transporters that have been cloned from other higher plant species. Based on the results of genomic Southern hybridization, ZmSUT1 appears to be a single copy gene. A Northern blot analysis of seedlings and leaf blades suggests that the sucrose transporter is involved in the export of accumulated carbohydrates from source leaf blades. From the measurements of transcript levels and carbohydrate contents in mature leaf blades, we propose that the expression of the gene for the maize sucrose transporter is positively regulated by the amounts of soluble sugars such as sucrose and glucose in source leaves of maize. In addition, based on the tissue specificity of the expression of the gene in maize plants at the reproductive stage, it is possible that the sucrose transporter acts in sink tissues such as pedicles as well as in source tissues such as leaf blades.
Hybrid technique for dynamic imaging (2000)

A number of data acquisition strategies have been introduced to speed up the image acquisition in dynamic settings. One such technique is the keyhole approach, which is based on reducing k-space coverage, and consequently the spatial resolution, of the dynamic information. Another is based on reducing the field of view of the dynamic information. These two techniques are complementary in that one reduces the field of view in k-space and the other does so in the spatial domain. A hybrid approach which combines the two is described in this study. In numerical simulations and experimental studies, this hybrid approach more accurately depicts the signal changes, outperforming the two techniques from which it is derived. Magn Reson Med 44:51-55, 2000.
Embryo quality and developmental potential is compromised by age (2001)

We conclude that age has an impact throughout a woman's reproductive life and that it is important to realize that the age-related decline in fertility may start already in the late twenties and not in the mid-thirties as is generally assumed.
Torque control for a form tool drilling operation (1999)

This paper presents the dynamic modeling and real-time torque control for a form tool drilling process. The form tool produces a desired shape in a workpiece through a drilling process. In this study, the form tool drilling process resembles the combination of drilling, reaming, counter-boring, and chamfering operations. The machining process is modeled as a linear system with variable gain due to the form tool geometry. The process is also subject to unknown disturbances such as unpredictable chip jamming and tool-workpiece friction. Spindle motor power and speed measurements were used to estimate drilling torque for cost effective practical implementation. An input-output pole placement controller with previewed gain scheduling was designed and implemented. Through experimental studies, this controller was shown to effectively regulate tool torque and hence avoid tool breakage, by manipulating the feed during drilling, and reduce cycle time compared to current practice.
Combining Image Reconstruction and Image Analysis with an Application to Two-Dimensional Tomography (2008)

The tasks of image reconstruction from measured data and the analysis of the resulting images are more or less strictly separated. One group of scientists computes by applying reconstruction algorithms to the images; the other then operates on these images to enhance the analysis. First attempts at combining image reconstruction and image analysis, in a nonsystematic way, are known as Lambda tomography or Tikhonov–Phillips methods with $\ell_1$-norms or with level-set methods. The aim of this paper is to provide a general tool to combine these two steps; i.e., even in the reconstruction step the future image analysis step is taken into account, leading to a new reconstruction kernel. Here we concentrate on linear methods. As a practical example we consider the image reconstruction problem in computerized tomography followed by an edge detection. We calculate a new reconstruction kernel and present results from simulations.
Hydroxyapatite–Carbon Nanotube Composites for Biomedical Applications: A Review (2007)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in clinical bone graft procedures for more than 25 years. However, its poor tensile strength and fracture toughness compared with bone make it unsuitable for major load‐bearing devices. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their high aspect ratio and excellent mechanical properties, have the potential to strengthen and toughen HA without offsetting its bioactivity, thus opening up a wider range of possible clinical uses for the material. This review discusses techniques for synthesizing and processing HA–CNT composites, as well as barriers that still remain to their successful development for clinical application.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent histidine decarboxylase. Mechanism of inactivation by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine. (1990)

Mechanism-based inactivation of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent histidine decarboxylase by (S)-alpha-(fluoromethyl)histidine was studied. The molar ratio of inactivator to enzyme subunit required for complete inactivation increased from 1.63 at 10 degrees C to 3.00 at 37 degrees C. Two inactivation products were isolated by chromatographic fractionation of the reaction mixture and identified by NMR spectroscopy as 1-(4-imidazolyl)-3(5'-P-pyridoxylidene) acetone (I), the adduct formed between pyridoxal phosphate and inactivator, and 1-(4-imidazolyl) acetone (II), an intermediate compound formed during inactivation. Formation of these two products supports a previously proposed mechanism of inactivation (Hayashi, H., Tanase, S., and Snell, E. E. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 11003-11009), with minor modifications. A precursor of I was linked covalently to the enzyme by NaBH4 reduction if the reaction was carried out immediately after inactivation, before development of the 403 nm peak of I. A mutant histidine decarboxylase (S322A) in which Ser-322 was changed to Ala was also inactivated by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine demonstrating that Ser-322 is not essential for inactivation even though it is close to the active site and is derivatized by borohydride reduction of the inactivated wild-type enzyme. Following inactivation, both the wild-type and the S322A mutant enzyme could be partially reactivated by prolonged dialysis against buffer.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability? (2016)

As a fascinating conjugated polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a new research hotspot and drawn broad interdisciplinary attention as a metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst in the arena of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. This is due to its appealing electronic band structure, high physicochemical stability, and "earth-abundant" nature. This critical review summarizes a panorama of the latest progress related to the design and construction of pristine g-C3N4 and g-C3N4-based nanocomposites, including (1) nanoarchitecture design of bare g-C3N4, such as hard and soft templating approaches, supramolecular preorganization assembly, exfoliation, and template-free synthesis routes, (2) functionalization of g-C3N4 at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), and (3) modification of g-C3N4 with well-matched energy levels of another semiconductor or a metal as a cocatalyst to form heterojunction nanostructures. The construction and characteristics of each classification of the heterojunction system will be critically reviewed, namely metal-g-C3N4, semiconductor-g-C3N4, isotype g-C3N4/g-C3N4, graphitic carbon-g-C3N4, conducting polymer-g-C3N4, sensitizer-g-C3N4, and multicomponent heterojunctions. The band structures, electronic properties, optical absorption, and interfacial charge transfer of g-C3N4-based heterostructured nanohybrids will also be theoretically discussed based on the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to provide insightful outlooks on the charge carrier dynamics. Apart from that, the advancement of the versatile photoredox applications toward artificial photosynthesis (water splitting and photofixation of CO2), environmental decontamination, and bacteria disinfection will be presented in detail. Last but not least, this comprehensive review will conclude with a summary and some invigorating perspectives on the challenges and future directions at the forefront of this research platform. It is anticipated that this review can stimulate a new research doorway to facilitate the next generation of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with ameliorated performances by harnessing the outstanding structural, electronic, and optical properties for the development of a sustainable future without environmental detriment.
Determination of Breast Cancer Response to Bevacizumab Therapy Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Artificial Neural Networks (2010)

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be a useful tool for determining the response to bevacizumab therapy and monitoring the subsequent restoration of blood flow to breast cancer.
Ephrin‐B2 is a candidate ligand for the Eph receptor, EphB6 (2000)

No ligand has hitherto been designated for the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family member, EphB6. Here, expression of an EphB6 ligand in the pro-B leukemic cell line, Reh, is demonstrated by binding of soluble EphB6-Fc fusion protein to the Reh cells. The ligand belongs to the subgroup of membrane spanning ligands, as suggested by the fact that phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C treatment did not abrogate binding of EphB6-Fc. Two transmembrane Eph receptor ligands, ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2, were identified in Reh cells. Analysis of EphB6-Fc fusion protein binding to ephrin-B1 or ephrin-B2 transfected COS cells revealed a high-affinity saturable binding between EphB6-Fc and ephrin-B2, but not with ephrin-B1. In mice, EphB6 has previously been shown to be expressed in thymus. Here, we show expression of EphB6 in human thymus, as well as the expression of ephrin-B2 in both human and mouse thymus. We conclude that ephrin-B2 may be a physiological ligand for the EphB6 receptor.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Novel Cyclic Disulfide and Cyclic Sulfide Derivatives as Hepatoprotective Agents. (1993)

In order to search for anti-hepatitis drugs, we synthesized a series of eight- and nine-membered cyclic disulfides (1) and six- and seven-membered cyclic sulfides (2) and evaluated them for ability to reduce mortality in the model of acute hepatic failure induced by Propionibacterium acnes-lipopolysaccharide in mice. Compounds 1 were synthesized by oxidative cyclization of the corresponding dithiol derivatives (3) with diethyl bromomalonate or iodine. Compounds 2 were prepared from the methyl esters of 1 by desulfurization with tris(diethylamino)phosphine followed by deprotection. Compounds 1 were generally found to be more active than compounds 2. Compound 1b (SA3443) was found to exhibit potent protective activity. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections after Bone Marrow Transplantation: Clinical and Virologic Manifestations (1999)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were prospectively evaluated in 20 cytomegalovirus-seronegative allogeneic marrow transplant patients and in 10 healthy control subjects. Blood and saliva specimens obtained weekly for 3 months after transplant were evaluated by quantitative HHV-6 polymerase chain reaction. One of 20 patients experienced primary HHV-6 infection after marrow transplant (seroconversion, HHV-6 viremia, skin rash); 18 of 20 had increased peripheral blood mononuclear cell HHV-6 DNA levels consistent with asymptomatic reactivations, and 1 patient experienced a reactivation-associated skin rash. Genotyping revealed HHV-6 variant B DNA in all cases. Therapy with acyclovir or intravenous immunoglobulin was not correlated with lower HHV-6 DNA levels. Thus, asymptomatic HHV-6 reactivations appear to be common following allogeneic marrow transplantation. Among HHV-6-seronegative and viral DNA-negative patients, primary HHV-6 infection can ensue in association with self-limited clinical symptoms, including diffuse maculopapular rash.
A compact printed hook‐shaped monopole antenna for 2.4/5‐GHz wlan applications (2005)

Abstract This paper proposes a compact printed hook‐shaped monopole antenna for 2.4/5‐GHz WLAN applications. The designed antenna has a compact size with dimensions 26 × 10 × 1 mm 3 . The impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) of the proposed antenna is about 170 MHz (2.32–2.49 GHz) for 2.4‐GHz (Bluetooth) bands and 4500 MHz (4.4–8.9 GHz) for the 5‐GHz (WLAN) bands. The radiation patterns are nearly omnidirectional, which is similar to typical those of monopole antenna. The maximum measured radiation gains are 1.45 dBi at 2.43 GHz and 3.37 dBi at 5.8 GHz, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 327–329, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21340
An improved method to assess the required strength of cemented backfill in underground stopes with an open face (2014)

Backfill is increasingly used in underground mines to reduce the surface impact from the wastes produced by the mining operations. But the main objectives of backfilling are to improve ground stability and reduce ore dilution. To this end, the backfill in a stope must possess a minimum strength to remain self-standing during mining of an adjacent stope. This required strength is often estimated using a solution proposed by Mitchell and co-workers, which was based on a limit equilibrium analysis of a wedge exposed by the open face. In this paper, three dimensional numerical simulations have been performed to assess the behavior of the wedge model. A new limit equilibrium solution is proposed, based on the backfill displacements obtained from the simulations. Comparisons are made between the proposed solution and experimental and numerical modeling results. Compared with the previous solution, a better agreement is obtained between the new solution and experimental results for the required cohesion and factor of safety. For large scale(field) conditions, the results also show that the required strength obtained from the proposed solution corresponds quite well to the simulated backfill response.
Signaling by N- and C-terminal sequences of parathyroid hormone-related protein in hippocampal neurons. (1995)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is synthesized in the brain, and a single type of cloned receptor for the N-terminal portion of PTHrP and PTH is present in the central nervous system. Nothing is known about the physiological actions or signaling pathways used by PTHrP in the brain. Using cultured rat hippocampal neurons, we demonstrate that N-terminal PTHrP[1-34] and PTH[1-34] signal via cAMP and cytosolic calcium transients. The cAMP response showed strong acute (< or = 6 h) homologous and heterologous desensitization after preincubation with PTHrP or PTH. In contrast, the acute calcium response did not desensitize after preincubation with PTHrP; in fact, preincubation dramatically recruited additional responsive neurons. Unexpectedly, C-terminal PTHrP[107-139], which does not bind or activate the cloned PTH/PTHrP receptor, signaled in neurons via cytosolic calcium but not cAMP. Although some neurons responded to both PTHrP[1-34] and PTHrP[107-139], others responded only to PTHrP[1-34]. We conclude that certain hippocampal neurons exhibit dual signaling in response to PTHrP[1-34] and that some neurons have a receptor for C-terminal PTHrP that signals only via cytosolic calcium.
Dynamic Response Assessment for the MEMS Accelerometer Under Severe Shock Loads (2001)

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has evaluated the dynamic response of a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device made by Analog Device, Inc. The device is designated as ADXL250 and is designed mainly for sensing dynamic acceleration. It is also used to measure the tilting angle of any system or component from its original level position. The device has been in commercial use (e.g., in automobile airbag deployment system as a dual-axial accelerometer and in the electronic game play-station as a tilting sensor) with success, but NASA needs an in-depth assessment of its performance under severe dynamic shock environments. It was realized while planning this evaluation task that two assessments would be beneficial to NASA's missions: (1) severe dynamic shock response under nominal thermal environments; and (2) general dynamic performance under cryogenic environments. The first evaluation aims at obtaining a good understanding of its micromachined structure within a framework of brittle fracture dynamics, while the second evaluation focuses on the structure integrity under cryogenic temperature conditions. The information we gathered from the manufacturer indicated that the environmental stresses under NASA's evaluation program have been far beyond what the device has experienced with commercial applications, for which the device was designed. Thus NASA needs the outcome of this evaluation in order to make the selection for possible use for its missions. This paper provides details of the first evaluation the dynamic response under severe multi-axial single-pulse shock load. It was performed using finite element tools with nonlinear dynamics procedures.
Cell type-specific anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity of the transactivation inhibitor Ro5-3335 (1992)

The drug Ro5-3335 [7-chloro-5-(2-pyrryl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(H)-one] inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression at the transcriptional level through interference with Tat-mediated transactivation (M.-C. Hsu, A. D. Schutt, M. Holly, L. W. Slice, M. I. Sherman, D. D. Richman, M. J. Potash, and D. J. Volsky, Science 254:1799-1802, 1991). We confirmed this specific inhibitory effect in a quantitative bioassay based on transactivation of a chimeric gene comprising the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter fused to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli and transfected in a HeLa cell line expressing Tat. Ro5-3335 was found to inhibit HIV-1 long terminal repeat-driven lacZ gene expression at a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.5 microM. The in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of Ro5-3335 was highly dependent on the nature of the host cells. The highest selectivity index, 50, was found in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. The selectivity index was between 1 and 10 in the CD4+ T-cell lines CEM, MOLT-4 (clone 8), and HUT-78. In MT-4 and MT-2 cells, Ro5-3335 had no inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication. The absence of anti-HIV-1 activity of Ro5-3335 in MT-4 cells was confirmed by using different parameters of virus replication and different multiplicities of infection. In persistently HIV-1-infected HUT-78/IIIB/LAI cells, Ro5-3335 failed to demonstrate any activity at subtoxic concentrations. The cytotoxicity of Ro5-3335 was significantly lower in peripheral blood lymphocytes than in the CD4+ T-cell lines.
A distributed location system for the active office (1994)

Distributed systems for locating people and equipment will be at the heart of tomorrow's active offices. Computer and communications systems continue to proliferate in the office and home. Systems are varied and complex, involving wireless networks and mobile computers. However, systems are underused because the choices of control mechanisms and application interfaces are too diverse. It is therefore pertinent to consider which mechanisms might allow the user to manipulate systems in simple and ubiquitous ways, and how computers can be made more aware of the facilities in their surroundings. Knowledge of the location of people and equipment within an organization is such a mechanism. Annotating a resource database with location information allows location-based heuristics for control and interaction to be constructed. This approach is particularly attractive because location techniques can be devised that are physically unobtrusive and do not rely on explicit user action. The article describes the technology of a system for locating people and equipment, and the design of a distributed system service supporting access to that information. The application interfaces made possible by or that benefit from this facility are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High level of interleukin‐10 production by the activated t cell population within the rheumatoid synovial membrane (1995)

The cytokine profile of the T cell clones that were obtained from the RA joint after expansion with IL-2 is distinct from that of the T cells that are predominant in PBM. This supports the concept that the T cells subsets that accumulate in the joint are not a random sample. The high level of IL-10 production by clones derived from the synovium suggests that this cytokine may be a major contributor to the endogenous immunosuppression that occurs in RA.
Helicobacter pylori strain-specific differences in genetic content, identified by microarray, influence host inflammatory responses (2001)

Helicobacter pylori enhances the risk for ulcer disease and gastric cancer, yet only a minority of H. pylori-colonized individuals develop disease. We examined the ability of two H. pylori isolates to induce differential host responses in vivo or in vitro, and then used an H. pylori whole genome microarray to identify bacterial determinants related to pathogenesis. Gastric ulcer strain B128 induced more severe gastritis, proliferation, and apoptosis in gerbil mucosa than did duodenal ulcer strain G1.1, and gastric ulceration and atrophy occurred only in B128+ gerbils. In vitro, gerbil-passaged B128 derivatives significantly increased IL-8 secretion and apoptosis compared with G1.1 strains. DNA hybridization to the microarray identified several strain-specific differences in gene composition including a large deletion of the cag pathogenicity island in strain G1.1. Partial and complete disruption of the cag island in strain B128 attenuated induction of IL-8 in vitro and significantly decreased gastric inflammation in vivo. These results indicate that the ability of H. pylori to regulate epithelial cell responses related to inflammation depends on the presence of an intact cag pathogenicity island. Use of an H pylori whole genome microarray is an effective method to identify differences in gene content between H. pylori strains that induce distinct pathological outcomes in a rodent model of H. pylori infection.