gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commercial applications of speech interface technology: an industry at the threshold. (1995)

Speech interface technology, which includes automatic speech recognition, synthetic speech, and natural language processing, is beginning to have a significant impact on business and personal computer use. Today, powerful and inexpensive microprocessors and improved algorithms are driving commercial applications in computer command, consumer, data entry, speech-to-text, telephone, and voice verification. Robust speaker-independent recognition systems for command and navigation in personal computers are now available; telephone-based transaction and database inquiry systems using both speech synthesis and recognition are coming into use. Large-vocabulary speech interface systems for document creation and read-aloud proofing are expanding beyond niche markets. Today's applications represent a small preview of a rich future for speech interface technology that will eventually replace keyboards with microphones and loud-speakers to give easy accessibility to increasingly intelligent machines.
STAT3 in Cancer—Friend or Foe? (2014)

The roles and significance of STAT3 in cancer biology have been extensively studied for more than a decade. Mounting evidence has shown that constitutive activation of STAT3 is a frequent biochemical aberrancy in cancer cells, and this abnormality directly contributes to tumorigenesis and shapes many malignant phenotypes in cancer cells. Nevertheless, results from more recent experimental and clinicopathologic studies have suggested that STAT3 also can exert tumor suppressor effects under specific conditions. Importantly, some of these studies have demonstrated that STAT3 can function either as an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor in the same cell type, depending on the specific genetic background or presence/absence of specific coexisting biochemical defects. Thus, in the context of cancer biology, STAT3 can be a friend or foe. In the first half of this review, we will highlight the "evil" features of STAT3 by summarizing its oncogenic functions and mechanisms. The differences between the canonical and non-canonical pathway will be highlighted. In the second half, we will summarize the evidence supporting that STAT3 can function as a tumor suppressor. To explain how STAT3 may mediate its tumor suppressor effects, we will discuss several possible mechanisms, one of which is linked to the role of STAT3β, one of the two STAT3 splicing isoforms. Taken together, it is clear that the roles of STAT3 in cancer are multi-faceted and far more complicated than one appreciated previously. The new knowledge has provided us with new approaches and strategies when we evaluate STAT3 as a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibition causes increased necrosis and apoptosis in an in vivo mouse glioblastoma multiforme model. (2009)

Simvastatin has a dual effect on tumorigenesis. At high doses, it may worsen instead of 'normalizing' tumor angio-architecture, albeit low doses affect tumor cell survival by promoting necrosis and apoptosis.
Automatic generation of large-scale handwriting fonts via style learning (2016)

Generating personal handwriting fonts with large amounts of characters is a boring and time-consuming task. Take Chinese fonts as an example, the official standard GB18030-2000 for commercial font products contains 27533 simplified Chinese characters. Consistently and correctly writing out such huge amounts of characters is usually an impossible mission for ordinary people. To solve this problem, we propose a handy system to automatically synthesize personal handwritings for all characters (e.g., Chinese) in the font library by learning style from a small number (as few as 1%) of carefully-selected samples written by an ordinary person. Experiments including Turing tests with 69 participants demonstrate that the proposed system generates high-quality synthesis results which are indistinguishable from original handwritings. Using our system, for the first time the practical handwriting font library in a user's personal style with arbitrarily large numbers of Chinese characters can be generated automatically.
All-silicon avalanche photodiode sensitive at 1.3 mu m with picosecond time resolution (1992)

The first experimental demonstration that an all-silicon photodiode can be used to measure the pulse shape of laser diodes emitting at 1.3 mu m is reported. In order to allow for light absorption at these wavelengths, the bandgap narrowing phenomenon in heavily doped silicon is exploited. The device operates as a single photon detector in a time-correlated photon counting setup. The quantum efficiency of the detector (though only 10/sup -7/), together with the very low noise ( approximately=100 dark pulses per second) enable easy measurements on standard diode lasers. The use of standard silicon processing and the room-temperature operation are definite advantages of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulmonary Artery Catheterization and Clinical Outcomes (2000)

A need exists for collaborative education of physicians and nurses in performing, obtaining, and interpreting information from the use of pulmonary artery catheters. This effort should be led by professional societies, in collaboration with federal agencies, with the purpose of developing and disseminating standardized educational programs. Areas given high priority for clinical trials were pulmonary artery catheter use in persistent/refractory congestive heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe sepsis and septic shock, and low-risk coronary artery bypass graft surgery. JAMA. 2000;283:2568-2572
Immunocytochemical Analysis of Estrogen Receptors in Human Breast Carcinomas (1990)

An estrogen receptor-immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) was performed on frozen sections of 130 samples of human breast carcinoma. A standard dextran-coated charcoal assay (DCCA) was performed on the same samples. Concordance of results between the tests was 91%. The sensitivity and specificity of the ER-ICA, compared with the DCCA, were 92% and 89%, respectively. We describe the ER-ICA technique and review the literature regarding the use of the ER-ICA in evaluating breast cancer with respect to the agreement of results with the DCCA, the nature of discordant results, the ability to predict the clinical response to hormone therapy, and the ability to predict disease-free survival. The combined experience of many studies has shown that the ER-ICA is a highly specific and sensitive method for measuring the level of ERs in breast tumors with a high level of agreement with the DCCA. Early experience has suggested that the ER-ICA can predict the response to hormone therapy and disease-free survival, as well as or better than the DCCA. The evaluation of receptor heterogeneity, made possible by the ER-ICA, may enhance our ability to discriminate ER-positive tumors with a relatively high risk of recurrence.
Expression and Biochemical Properties of a Ferredoxin-Dependent Heme Oxygenase Required for Phytochrome Chromophore Synthesis (2002)

The HY1 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a plastid heme oxygenase (AtHO1) required for the synthesis of the chromophore of the phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors. To determine the enzymatic properties of plant heme oxygenases, we have expressed the HY1 gene (without the plastid transit peptide) in Escherichia coli to produce an amino terminal fusion protein between AtHO1 and glutathione S-transferase. The fusion protein was soluble and expressed at high levels. Purified recombinant AtHO1, after glutathione S-transferase cleavage, is a hemoprotein that forms a 1:1 complex with heme. In the presence of reduced ferredoxin, AtHO1 catalyzed the formation of biliverdin IXalpha from heme with the concomitant production of carbon monoxide. Heme oxygenase activity could also be reconstituted using photoreduced ferredoxin generated through light irradiation of isolated thylakoid membranes, suggesting that ferredoxin may be the electron donor in vivo. In addition, AtHO1 required an iron chelator and second reductant, such as ascorbate, for full activity. These results show that the basic mechanism of heme cleavage has been conserved between plants and other organisms even though the function, subcellular localization, and cofactor requirements of heme oxygenases differ substantially.
Cytogenetical analysis of the human gastric carcinoma cell line TMK-1. (1989)

We examined a human gastric carcinoma cell line TMK-1 cytogenetically by G-banding technique. TMK-1 cells were characterized not only by numerical aberrations but also by structural rearrangements affecting various chromosomes. The modal chromosome number was found to be in the hypotriploid range with most ranging between 64 and 66. Flow cytometry revealed near triploid DNA histogram which was correlated well with chromosome counts. Gain of chromosome 7, 9, 11, and X was found in all of the 25 cells examined and trisomy of chromosome 3, 5, 10, 19, 21 and 22 was also frequently detected. Loss of Y chromosome was shown in all of the cells and monosomy of chromosome 6 and 13 was frequently detected. The most conspicuous rearrangements involved chromosome 6, 12, and 16 which showed complex nonreciprocal translocation. Twenty-two cells (88%) had isochromosome of 12q. A brief review is made of reported karyotype of human gastric cancers.
Fiber-optic transmission of microwave 64 QAM signals and applications (1990)

Experimental results from fiber-optic transmission of microwave 64 quadrature-amplitude-modulated signals at 1.3 mu m wavelength at a 90 Mb/s transmission rate are presented. Two important methods of improving the system performance are discussed and demonstrated: laser intensity noise minimization, and error-correction coding using a self-orthogonal convolutional code. The applicability of this transmission technique to the distribution of digital TV services is assessed. The preliminary results are encouraging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
GDF‐5 deficiency in mice alters the ultrastructure, mechanical properties and composition of the Achilles tendon (2001)

Acromesomelic dysplasia of the Hunter-Thompson and Grebe types are rare human disorders based on growth/differentiation factor (GDF)-5/CDMP-1 genetic mutations. Numerous skeletal abnormalities are present in these individuals, including shortened limb bones and severe dislocations of the knee. In the GDF-5 deficient brachypodism mouse, similar, although less severe, phenotypes are observed. It is unknown whether the joint dislocations observed in these disorders are due to a defect in the original formation of joints such as the knee, or to abnormalities in the tendons and ligaments themselves. We hypothesized that tendons from GDF-5 deficient mice would exhibit altered composition, mechanical properties, and ultrastructure when compared with heterozygous control littermates. GDF-5 deficient Achilles tendons were structurally weaker than controls, and structural strength differences appeared to be caused by compromised material properties: after normalizing by collagen per unit length, mutant tendons were still 50% weaker (P < 0.0001) and 50% more compliant (P < 0.001) than controls. Despite comparable levels of skeletal maturity in the two cohorts, the majority of mutant tendon failures occurred in the mid-substance of the tendon (64% of all failures), whereas the majority of control failures occurred via avulsion (92% of all failures). Mutant Achilles tendons contained 40% less collagen per microgram of DNA when compared to controls (P = 0.004). No significant difference in glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA was detected. Ultrastructural analyses indicated a slight trend toward increased frequency of small diameter (30-100 nm) collagen fibrils in the mutant Achilles. Our findings suggest that increased tendon and ligament laxity may be the cause of the joint dislocations seen in patients with Hunter-Thompson and Grebe type dysplasia, rather than developmental abnormalities in the joints themselves.
Immunofluorescent Characteristics of the Diabetic Cornea (1990)

In view of the increasing awareness of corneal abnormalities in diabetes, five diabetic and five nondiabetic post-mortem corneas were investigated. Indirect fluorescent antibody techniques were used for the detection of immunoglobulin, complement components, fibrinogen, and fibronectin, as some of these had already been found in the kidney, pancreas, and skin of diabetic patients. There was no obvious difference in the deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, fibrinogen, or fibronectin between diabetic and control corneal specimens. Five diabetic specimens versus three control specimens demonstrated positive staining at 1:50 dilution for complement components Clq, C3, and C4. This staining was primarily present in the epithelium. Of greater interest was the finding that complement components were present in the basement membrane of two diabetic patients, but were not found in nondiabetic patients. In conclusion, diabetic corneas demonstrate unusual staining for complement components in the epithelial basement membrane.
OC05.01: <scp>MoM</scp>‐based approach to non‐invasive prenatal testing using exponentially weighted moving average chart and chromosomal fingerprint (2015)

The aim of this study was to develop a new method of screening for fetal aneuploidies based on the detection of deviation in the distribution of cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma. We combined three innovative approaches: the number of reads expressed in multiples of median (MoM), chromosomal fingerprint and exponentially weighted moving average chart (EWMA). In singleton pregnancies cfDNA was isolated from maternal plasma using QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen) and the whole-genome sequencing using Ion Proton (Life Technologies) was performed. The numbers of reads in 60 kb bins were expressed in MoMs. Revealing that all fragments are not replicated and sequenced identically, we constructed “chromosomal fingerprints”, a kind of chromosomal map, where every bin is characterised by the average and standard deviation of the number of reads in MoMs. When testing an unknown sample, the deviation in the distribution of MoMs in every bin from the expected values of the fingerprint is expressed as Z-score. To assess the distribution of Z-scores along the chromosome the EWMA chart is used, where the deviation of the curve above the upper limit indicates a high risk of Trisomy. The approach was assessed using 179 prenatal samples. Fingerprints for chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 were constructed using 93 samples from euploid pregnancies. 179 samples with known fetal karyotype (145 euploid, 3 with T13, 9 with T18 and 22 with T21) were sequenced and EWMA charts produced. More than 15% of EWMA curve was above the limit in all 34 samples from trisomic pregnancies (100% detection rate for T13, T18 and T21). In 145 euploid samples there were only 2 cases in which chromosome 21 showed more than 15% of EWMA above the limit. The new MoM-based approach using chromosomal fingerprint and EWMA has a high performance in noninvasive aneuploidy screening with high sensitivity and low false positivity. The further information will be available from the currently ongoing clinical phase.
Fault tolerance in ZigBee wireless sensor networks (2011)

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network standard are finding increasing use in the home automation and emerging smart energy markets. The network and application layers, based on the ZigBee 2007 PRO Standard, provide a convenient framework for component-based software that supports customer solutions from multiple vendors. This technology is supported by System-on-a-Chip solutions, resulting in extremely small and low-power nodes. The Wireless Connections in Space Project addresses the aerospace flight domain for both flight-critical and non-critical avionics. WSNs provide the inherent fault tolerance required for aerospace applications utilizing such technology. The team from Ames Research Center has developed techniques for assessing the fault tolerance of ZigBee WSNs challenged by radio frequency (RF) interference or WSN node failure.
Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Antara Siswa Obesitas Dan Tidak Obesitas Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di Kota Kediri (1970)

Obesity is a pathological condition with the presence of excessive fat storage than is required for the function of the body. In general, in Indonesia the problem of obesity in children today do not get enough attention from the pediatrician, because they are more preoccupied by the problem of malnutrition. Children with obesity or overweight can lower the level of intelligence, because the activity and creativity of children into decline, and then with excess weight tend to be lazy. The purpose of this study was to determine students' learning achievement in obese and non-obese elementary school in Kediri. The design study is observational analytic with cross sectional design, with research subjects are students in grades 3 SDN SDN Bandar Lor 1,2,3 and 1,2,3 Bandar Kidul obese and non-obese Kediri many as 84 students. The data were analyzed Bivariat to compare student achievement are obese and non-obese by Using test of independent samples t test. The test results One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test results obtained P; 0.05, the value of P = 0.795 for respondent data are not obese and P = 0.511 for the respondent data obesity. The conclusion is that the data respondents are not obese, and obesity is a normal distribution of data. Based on the results of statistical tests Independent Samples T Test data showed that P value = 0.00> 0.005, so the conclusion is There were significant differences between students' learning achievement obese and non-obese, namely: learning on student achievement obesity was lower (mean = 68, 32) compared to students who are not obese mean = 77.41 Keywords: learning achievement, obesity
Antiviral Activity of Bovine Interferons on Primate Cells (1977)

Potent preparations of bovine leucocyte and fibroblast interferons had substantial antiviral activity on monkey cells and low activity on human cells. Thus, interferon from a 'lower' phylogenetic species can have considerable antiviral activity in primate cells, but not all primate cells are equally sensitive.
Base Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Isolated from Mycobacteria (1968)

Guanine plus cytosine values of deoxyribonucleic acid derived from 30 cultures representing 14 mycobacterial species or varieties are presented. These data provide impressive reasons for maintaining the separation between the genera Corynebacterium and Mycobacterium; no conclusions can be arrived at from these data with respect to the Nocardia-Mycobacterium relationship. A bimodal clustering, in terms of guanine plus cytosine composition, is apparent within the genus Mycobacterium. In general, all members of any single phenetic species appear to fit into one or another of these clusters. The phenetic separation of species is, in some cases, confirmed by separation in terms of guanine plus cytosine values. The bimodal separation of guanine plus cytosine values within the genus Mycobacterium does not correspond to a division of the species into slow and rapid growers; it thus provides no justification for splitting Mycobacterium into two genera, composed of slow and rapid growers. This is not to say that such a split would not be useful, only that these data do not contribute to such a decision. Any further attempts to correlate phenetic classification with properties of mycobacterial deoxyribonucleic acid will require more specific techniques, such as molecular hybridization.
Nanostructured Photonic Power Splitter Design via Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

We train a convolutional neural network (CNN)that can predict the optical response of randomly generated nanopatterned photonic power splitters in a 2400 design space with a prediction correlation coefficient of 85 %. © 2019 The Author(s)
PEPTIDASES AND PROTEASES OF <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> AND <i>SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM</i> (1975)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Standardized Solution for Management Controller for MTCA.4 (2015)

The Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture (MTCA) standard is a modern platform that is gaining popularity in the area of High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. The standard provides extensive management, monitoring and diagnostics functionalities. The hardware control and monitoring is based on the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI), that was initially developed for supervision of complex computers operation. The original IPMI specification was extended to support functions required by the MTCA specification. The Module Management Controller (MMC) is required on each Advanced Mezzanine Card (AMC) installed in MTCA chassis. The Rear Transition Modules (RTMs) have to be equipped with RTM Management Controllers (RMCs) which is required by the MTCA.4 subsidiary specification. The commercially available implementations of MMC and RMC are expensive and do not provide the complete functionality that is required by specific HEP applications. Therefore, many research centers and commercial companies work on their own implementation of AMC and RTM controllers. The available implementations suffer because of lack of common approach and interoperability problems. Since both Lodz University of Technology (TUL) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) have long-term experience in developing ATCA and MTCA hardware, the authors decided to develop a unified solution of management controller fully compliant with AMC and MTCA.4 standards. The MMC v1.00 solution is dedicated for management of AMC and RTM modules. The MMC v1.00 is based on Atmel ATxmega MCUs and can be fully customized by the user or used as a drop-in-module without any modifications. The paper discusses the functionality of the MMC v1.00 solution. The implementation was verified with developed evaluation kits for AMC and RTM cards.
Fourier transform spectral interferometric coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FTSI-CARS) spectroscopy (2007)

A novel Fourier transform spectral interferometric (FTSI) multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) technique is developed to extract the vibrational spectrum equivalent to the spontaneous Raman scattering. The conventional FTSI method is modified to use the internal nonresonant CARS signal as a local oscillator to perform spectral interferometry. Utilizing the causality of the coherent vibration (i.e., there should be no signal before the laser excitation), this new FTSI method recovers the entire complex vibrational spectral parameters. We demonstrate this technique with a previously reported single-pulse multiplex CARS method that uses a single phase-controlled broadband ultrafast laser pulse.