gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of an Animal Model for Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice Using Monocrotaline (1995)

A preliminary attempt at experimental induction of pulmonary fibrosis in which male ICR mice received 15 weekly sc injections of 200 or 100 mg/kg monocrotaline (MC) revealed that most animals treated with the larger dose died of severe interstitial pneumonia, whereas those given 100 mg/kg exhibited only relatively slight lung injury. Based on these results, male mice were administered sc injections of 200 and 100 mg/kg MC once a week for 9 and 18 times, respectively, and then maintained without any further treatment until week 28 after the start. Mice treated with 200 mg/kg MC showed severe pulmonary damage and died by week 25. Mortalities also occurred in the 100-mg group from week 16, with 11 of 40 animals surviving at the termination of the experiment. Histologically, both dose groups demonstrated severe interstitial pneumonia and/or pulmonary fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, inflammatory edema possibly attributable to injuries of alveolar capillary endothelial cells was observed in the high-dose group at week 8, and there was a remarkable increase in collagen fibers in alveolar septa in this group thereafter. The present study results suggest that lung injuries induced by MC treatment progress to irreversible lung fibrosis and that this animal model may have advantage for studying the pathogenesis of lung cancers in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
Rocket plume image sequence enhancement using 3D operators (1997)

Reported here are the results of tests of five 3D image operators in eleven configurations to determine which is best for the enhancement of image sequences of rocket plumes. The operators enhance images both for visual inspection and for radiometric characterization. The tests used real and synthetic imagery to evaluate the operators under a variety of conditions. The results suggest the best choice of operator depends on the grayscale distribution of the noise in the image sequence. In terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), long duration median filters with moderate spatial support appear to work best overall. The results show that successful enhancement for visual inspection requires the original image data to be remapped prior to filtering. This need not destroy the radiometric information in the imagery. Some attributes of rocket plume image time sequences and the noise in them are described. The remapping procedure is detailed and the operators tested are described. The methodology is explained and the results of the numerous tests on synthetic imagery are presented. The application of the procedures to two real rocket plume image sequences is described.
One-step generation of ultrahydrophobic aluminum surface patterns by nanosecond lasers (2015)

In recent years, metal surfaces that could mimic the water repellence properties of some natural surfaces have been the area of an intense research due to their potential applications such as self-cleaning, anti-contaminating and anti-sticking applications. Ultra short laser machining/structuring is a promising technique to obtain the dual scale roughness on the metal surface, which promotes the complex interfaces between solid-liquid-air, thus improves the wetting property of the surface. An attempt was made to study the improvement of wetting properties of aluminum by nanosecond laser source in one step process. Flat aluminum sheets of thickness 100 μm were laser machined with ultraviolet laser pulses of 30 ns with different laser parameters to optimize the process parameters. The samples produced at the optimum conditions with respect to contact angle measurement were subjected to microstructure and chemical analysis. The wetting properties were evaluated by static contact angle measurements on the laser patterned surface. The laser patterned microstructures exhibited ultrahydrophobic surface with a maximum contact angle of 180° for the droplet volumes of 8μL.
CALICIVIRUSES OF OCEAN ORIGIN: A REVIEW (1990)

A disease of caliciviral etiology was first described in swine in 1932. The virus was host specific and naturally infected only swine. Later, a calici virus of cats was discovered, and again, it was thought to be host specific. In 1972, caliciviruses were the first viruses to be isolated from pinnipeds (California sea lions (Zalophus calif or nianus)). Shortly thereafter, additional calicivirus types were isolated from northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and other marine species. During this time, a complex picture of antigenic diversity and host nonspecificity emerged for the marine calciviruses. These agents infected and produced disease in marine mammals as well as terrestrial animals. The viruses causing the devastating epidemics of caliciviral disease in swine, which occurred subsequent to 1932, were eventually shown to be present in the ocean. The caliciviruses of ocean origin are known to naturally infect at least one ocean fish (opaleye fish (Girella nigricans)), 12 species of marine mammals, and 18 species of terrestrial animals, including humans.
Membranous Expression of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 Predicts for Good Prognosis in Localized Prostate Cancer and Inhibits PC3 Cellular Proliferation <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> (2004)

These data suggest that sFRP4 expression may be prognostic for localized PC, potentially as a consequence of an inhibitory effect on PC cell proliferation.
Evaluation of the efficiency of electrodes made of tungsten doped with lanthanum (1989)

(1989). Evaluation of the efficiency of electrodes made of tungsten doped with lanthanum. Welding International: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 102-104.
Efficient Distributed Algorithms for Channel Assignment in Multihop Radio Networks (1993)

We present new distributed algorithms for the channel assignment or ‘scheduling’ problem in a radio network using TDMA. Both link and broadcast scheduling are addressed. As in [23], the algorithms are based on ordering the nodes of the corresponding
Hindered biaryls by C–H coupling: bisoxazoline-Pd catalysis leading to enantioselective C–H coupling (2012)

A new Pd-catalyzed C–H/C–B coupling of sterically hindered heteroarenes and arylboronic acids has been identified. The newly established Pd(OAc)2/bisoxazoline/TEMPO system not only enables the synthesis of sterically hindered heterobiaryls but also offers an opportunity for enantioselective biaryl coupling through C–H functionalization.
Distinct Fermi-Momentum-Dependent Energy Gaps in Deeply Underdoped Bi2212 (2006)

We used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy applied to deeply underdoped cuprate superconductors Bi2Sr2Ca(1-x)YxCu2O8 (Bi2212) to reveal the presence of two distinct energy gaps exhibiting different doping dependence. One gap, associated with the antinodal region where no coherent peak is observed, increased with underdoping, a behavior known for more than a decade and considered as the general gap behavior in the underdoped regime. The other gap, associated with the near-nodal regime where a coherent peak in the spectrum can be observed, did not increase with less doping, a behavior not previously observed in the single particle spectra. We propose a two-gap scenario in momentum space that is consistent with other experiments and may contain important information on the mechanism of high-transition temperature superconductivity.
Mechanics of Adhesion Through a Fibrillar Microstructure (2002)

Many organisms have evolved a fibrillated interface for contact and adhesion as shown by several of the papers in this issue. For example, in the Gecko, this structure appears to give them the ability to adhere and separate from a variety of surfaces by relying only on weak van der Waals forces. Despite the low intrinsic energy of separating surfaces held together by van der Waals forces, these organisms are able to achieve remarkably strong adhesion. To help understand adhesion in such a case, we consider a simple model of a fibrillar interface. For it, we examine the mechanics of contact and adhesion to a substrate. It appears that this structure allows the organism, at the same time, to achieve good, 'universal' contact and adhesion. Due to buckling, a carpet of fibrils behaves like a plastic solid under compressive loading, allowing intimate contact in the presence of some roughness. As an adhesive, we conjecture that energy in the fibrils is lost upon decohesion and unloading. This mechanism can add considerably to the intrinsic work of fracture, resulting in good adhesion even with only van der Waals forces. Analysis of the mechanics of adhesion through such a fibrillar interface provides rules for the design of the microstructure for desired performance as an adhesive.
Exhaustive ray tracing algorithm for microcellularpropagation prediction models (1996)

A new 3-D exhaustive ray tracing algorithm for microcells is presented. This algorithm, based on an intelligent sequence search and Fermat's principle, overcomes some of the limitations of ‘brute force’ ray tracing and image theory.
Extending IEC61508 reliability evaluation techniques to include common circuit designs used in industrial safety systems (2002)

Recent international standards such as IEC 61508 and ANSI/ISA84.01 cover the design and application of safety instrumented systems (SIS). These standards are "performance based" and involve establishing risk reduction targets followed by a reliability and safety evaluation to verify that the targets have been met by the design. The standards provide guidelines on how to do these reliability and safety calculations that are quite useful and provide a common evaluation framework for products used in safety instrumented systems. However, the reliability and safety evaluation methods require extension when SIS products include independent diagnostic circuitry or analog circuitry. An additional failure mode, diagnostic annunciation, must be considered. A definition of "fail-safe" versus "failure-on-demand" must be added for analog circuits. Markov models must include additional states. With extension, comparable results useful for standards-based product certification can be obtained.
Promises, facts and challenges for graphene in biomedical applications (2017)

The graphene family has captured the interest and the imagination of an increasing number of scientists working in different fields, ranging from composites to flexible electronics. In the area of biomedical applications, graphene is especially involved in drug delivery, biosensing and tissue engineering, with strong contributions to the whole nanomedicine area. Besides the interesting results obtained so far and the evident success, there are still many problems to solve, on the way to the manufacturing of biomedical devices, including the lack of standardization in the production of the graphene family members. Control of lateral size, aggregation state (single vs. few layers) and oxidation state (unmodified graphene vs. oxidized graphenes) is essential for the translation of this material into clinical assays. In this Tutorial Review we critically describe the latest developments of the graphene family materials into the biomedical field. We analyze graphene-based devices starting from graphene synthetic strategies, functionalization and processibility protocols up to the final in vitro and in vivo applications. We also address the toxicological impact and the limitations in translating graphene materials into advanced clinical tools. Finally, new trends and guidelines for future developments are presented.
Minimized method Viterbi decoding: 600 Mbit/s per chip (2002)

The Viterbi algorithm is a common application of dynamic programming in communications. Since it has a nonlinear feedback loop, this loop is the bottleneck in high-data-rate implementations. It is shown that asymptotically the loop no longer has to be processed recursively, i.e. there is no feedback (resulting in negligible performance loss). This can be exploited to derive a purely feedforward method for Viterbi decoding, called the minimized method. It is demonstrated that the minimized method can be implemented very efficiently by a systolic architecture. This is shown on a chip design which achieves 600-Mb/s decoding speed per chip, for a K=3 convolutional code. By designing one cascadable module (chip), any speed up can be achieved simply by linearly adding modules to the implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Implementation of a Network Provisioning System with User-driven and Trusty Protection Management (2015)

Proper management on user-driven virtual circuits (VCs) is essential for seamless operation of virtual networks. The Network Provisioning System (NPS) is useful software for creating user-driven VCs automatically and must take fault management into account for physical layer impairments on user-driven VCs. This paper addresses a user-driven and trusty protection management in an NPS with an open standard Network Service Interface (NSI), as a contribution to show how to implement the user-driven and trusty protection management required for user-driven VCs. In particular, it provides a RESTful web service Interface for Configuration and Event management (RICE) that enable management of a distinguished data and control plane VC status between Network Service Agents (NSAs) in the event of a node or link fault and repair in a domain. This capability represents a contribution to show how network and protection events in a domain can be monitored between NSAs (NPSs with the NSI) in multiple domains. The implemented NPS controls and manages both the primary and backup VC with disjoint path in a user-driven manner. A demonstration to verify RICE API's capability is addressed for the trusty protection in the dynamic VC network.
A Modified Approach to 2-(<i>N</i>-Aryl)-1,3-oxazoles:  Application to the Synthesis of the IMPDH Inhibitor BMS-337197 and Analogues (2002)

[structure: see text] A modified approach to the synthesis of 2-(N-aryl)-1,3-oxazoles, employing an optimized iminophosphorane/heterocumulene-mediated methodology, and its application to the synthesis of BMS-337197, a potent inhibitor of IMPDH, are described.
Peer-group dependence in salary benchmarking: a statistical model (2010)

Although salary benchmarking is widely used to help set compensation, there has been a lack of attention to the statistical implications of this practice on compensation patterns of peer institutions. We adapt some empirical tools from spatial econometrics to analyze compensation decisions exhibiting peer-group dependence, and apply the methods to compensation of administrators in Texas nursing facilities. We find evidence that this leads to dependence of administrators pay on average pay of administrators in ‘peer’ facilities, defined here as those having similar outlays on nursing services. This leads to a situation where changes in facility characteristics, such as the occupancy rate and the revenue received from Medicaid and from private-pay residents, impact compensation of own-institution administrators as well as that of administrators from other peer facilities. Our peer-group model appears applicable to other areas of organizational, regulatory and behavioral research and can easily be implemented using publicly available software. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loudspeaker Power Amplifiers with Load-Adaptive Source Impedance (1988)

Suppression des variations dans la sensibilite et la reponse en frequence provoquees par une montee en temperature
A primate model for age related macular drusen. (1992)

A closed colony of semi-free-ranging rhesus monkeys maintained in isolation since 1938 by the Caribbean Primate Research Center (CPRC) is being studied as a model for age related macular drusen. Of examined colony animals 57.7% of the monkeys and 47.3% of their eyes have drusen. The prevalence and severity of drusen are linearly related to increasing age and are significantly higher in specific maternal lineages (matrilines). An electrophysiological estimate indicates loss of function associated with drusen. Prevalence of drusen in CPRC females is almost twice that of males, while the prevalence among CPRC animals in general appears to be several times that of monkeys from continental US facilities. Evidence suggests that the frequency of endstage lesions is also similar to that in human populations. The CPRC matriline monkeys appear to provide the best model yet reported for human age related macular drusen.
Gabapentin is Effective in the Treatment of Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain: A Prospective, Open-Label Study <sup>a,b</sup> (2005)

We conclude that gabapentin is an effective treatment for cancer-related neuropathic pain.
Puritan Conscience and New England Slavery (1973)

AS has often and accurately been pointed out, agitation in puritan New England for the abolition of slavery was minimal. A murkier area of understanding, however, is to be found in the theological problem that slavery presented to the New England clergy. While the issues did not generate the passion and divisiveness as those emanating from New England's central theological question of the Lord's Supper, the matter raised religious questions that led the most orthodox puritans toward radical positions in regard to matters of race and, ultimately, abolition. As David S. Lovejoy has shown in an important essay on slavery and Puritanism, the revolutionary abolitionist fervor of Samuel Hopkins was learned at the feet of Jonathan Edwards.' This is not to say that Edwards espoused abolitionism. The point is, rather, that the theology of Jonathan Edwards contained inherent assumptions about God and man that, taken to their logical conclusion, would lead to the position Hopkins took in opposing slavery and the powerful slavery interests in Rhode Island. In doing so, however, Hopkins established no clerical precedent. The fact is that in puritan New England when the cause of the Negro was espoused, it was usually from the ranks of the clergy that the issues were pressed. In short, the main efforts on behalf of slaves were likely to come from orthodox Puritans. Counted among these was none other than the archetype of puritan orthodoxy, Cotton Mather. Let it be understood at once that Cotton Mather is not to be presented as an abolitionist. He owned his own slaves and seemed to show no signs of remorse. His role and that of other puritan leaders in grappling with the slavery question grew from what in its day was sincerely thought by the clergy to be a
100% Efficient three‐dimensional coronary MR angiography with two‐dimensional beat‐to‐beat translational and bin‐to‐bin affine motion correction (2014)

The feasibility of correcting for 2D translational motion on a beat-to-beat basis as well as affine motion on a bin-to-bin basis has been demonstrated.
High speed 15 ns 4 Mbits SRAM for space application (2003)

A high speed 15 ns 4 Mbits asynchronous SRAM, 500 /spl mu/A stand-by current, 300 krads total dose tolerant, has been developed for space applications, using a hardened 0.25 micron 4 layers metal full CMOS process. A hierarchical organisation per IO bits has been used to achieve high speed as well as low dynamic consumption, also suited for simple SEU (single event upset) induced error corrections, allowing mitigation with the classical EDAC corrector. The product operates within 3 to 3.6 V, and ambient temperature from -55 to +125/spl deg/C. A high density die size of 68.3 mm/sup 2/ allows the use of a specific 36-pins dual in line flat pack package with a 500 mils width, making this product very competitive against SEU hardened chips. Successful silicon results are presented as well as radiation tests up to 300 krads.
Wideband impedance‐transforming three‐port power divider using lumped elements (2009)

Abstract In this article, we propose a new wideband impedance‐transforming three‐port power divider using lumped elements. Instead of a π‐network used in the conventional lumped Wilkinson power divider, an L‐type matching network is employed in the new design, which keeps quality(Q)‐factors low during impedance transformation, allowing wideband performance. The simulation proves that the proposed power divider achieves wider bandwidth than the conventional one in the performance of return loss, isolation and insertion loss. A 2 GHz power divider which transforms the impedance from 25 to 50 Ω was designed using the derived equations. The measurement showed the insertion loss of −3.3 dB, return loss of −27.1 dB and isolation of −24.7 dB at 1.9 GHz with broadband performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2570–2573, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24675
The Inmarsat Second Generation Communications Payload (1989)

This paper considers the design and technology of the communications payload, its requirements and some measured performances. The paper also outlines the essentials of the INMARSAT system and the types of services that will be provided using the second generation satellites.
Cell Lysis is Responsible for the Appearance of Extracellular Urease in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2001)

Since it is unlikely that there is an intrinsic secretion system for GFP, a non-native protein, its increasing presence over time in the supernate fraction along with UreB, and retention of UreI in the pellet fraction implies that cell lysis accounts for the presence of urease on the surface of H. pylori.
Regulatory Role of CD38 (ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/Cyclic ADP-ribose Hydrolase) in Insulin Secretion by Glucose in Pancreatic βCells (1995)

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) serves as a second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization in insulin secretion, and CD38 has both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activities (Takasawa, S., Tohgo, A., Noguchi, N., Koguma, T., Nata, K., Sugimoto, T., Yonekura, H., and Okamoto, H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26052-26054). Here, we produced transgenic mice overexpressing human CD38 in pancreatic beta cells. The enzymatic activity of CD38 in transgenic islets was greatly increased, and ATP efficiently inhibited the cADPR hydrolase activity. The Ca2+ mobilizing activity of cell extracts from transgenic islets incubated in high glucose was 3-fold higher than that of the control, suggesting that ATP produced by glucose metabolism increased cADPR accumulation in transgenic islets. Glucose- and ketoisocaproate-induced but not tolbutamide- nor KCl-induced insulin secretions from transgenic islets were 1.7-2.3-fold higher than that of control. In glucose-tolerance tests, the transgenic serum insulin level was higher than that of control. The present study provides the first evidence that CD38 has a regulatory role in insulin secretion by glucose in beta cells, suggesting that the Ca2+ release from intracellular cADPR-sensitive Ca2+ stores as well as the Ca2+ influx from extracellular sources play important roles in insulin secretion.