gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time respiratory motion tracking: roadmap correction for hepatic artery catheterizations (2008)

Nowadays, hepatic artery catheterizations are performed under live 2D X-ray fluoroscopy guidance, where the visualization of blood vessels requires the injection of contrast agent. The projection of a 3D static roadmap of the complex branches of the liver artery system onto 2D fluoroscopy images can aid catheter navigation and minimize the use of contrast agent. However, the presence of a significant hepatic motion due to patient's respiration necessitates a real-time motion correction in order to align the projected vessels. The objective of our work is to introduce dynamic roadmaps into clinical workflow for hepatic artery catheterizations and allow for continuous visualization of the vessels in 2D fluoroscopy images without additional contrast injection. To this end, we propose a method for real-time estimation of the apparent displacement of the hepatic arteries in 2D flouroscopy images. Our approach approximates respiratory motion of hepatic arteries from the catheter motion in 2D fluoroscopy images. The proposed method consists of two main steps. First, a filtering is applied to 2D fluoroscopy images in order to enhance the catheter and reduce the noise level. Then, a part of the catheter is tracked in the filtered images using template matching. A dynamic template update strategy makes our method robust to deformations. The accuracy and robustness of the algorithm are demonstrated by experimental studies on 22 simulated and 4 clinical sequences containing 330 and 571 image frames, respectively.
Synthetic dynamic transmit focus (2002)

Commercial ultrasound scanners employ either a single transmit focus or "multi-zone" focus (in which echo data received from different transmit foci along a given line are detected and then stitched together). However, it is also possible to combine multi-zone echo data prior to detection. An advantage of pre-detection combination is that, by varying the combinatorial weights as a function of range, a continuous (dynamic) transmit focus can be synthesized. Performance can be further enhanced by applying dynamically varying delays prior to combination. The authors present a theoretical basis for this approach. By casting it in terms of the well known sampled data reconstruction process it becomes apparent that the transmit delays required to implement dynamic transmit focus can, within limits, be synthesized on receive using an interpolation process. Formulations for the minimum "sample rate" (focal point spacing) and the dynamic weights and delays are presented. The theoretical predictions are supported by wideband simulations.
Decoding Alternative mRNAs in the “Omics” Age (2013)

Abstract Multiple layers of gene expression control occur posttranscriptionally at the RNA level and alternative mRNA regulation affects nearly every developmental pathway and cellular process. One RNA-based mechanism of gene control is alternative mRNA processing, which expands the coding potential of the genome by allowing individual genes to yield multiple mRNA and protein products. This chapter discusses the roles of alternative mRNA processing in CNS development, function, and disease. In addition, advances in the global profiling of RNAs in different cells are described; when combined with powerful biochemical methods, these are providing (1) new and exciting insights into the control of mRNA-based levels of gene regulation and (2) a better understanding of how changes in alternative mRNA processing alter the properties of neural cells in development and disease.
A digital secure image communication scheme based on the chaotic Chebyshev map: Research Articles (2004)

In this paper, a simple image secure communication scheme based on the chaotic Chebyshev map and chaos synchronization is proposed. The scheme relies on the excellent correlation property of chaotic sequences, which is very desirable for secure image communication. The results obtained by computer simulation indicate that the transmitted source image can be correctly and reliably recovered using the proposed scheme, even through a noisy channel. Notably, the scheme possesses relatively high security and can be easily implemented. Moreover, the quality of the recovered image is satisfactory, quantified by such common criteria as the bit-error rate performance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutant rab8 Impairs Docking and Fusion of Rhodopsin-bearing Post-Golgi Membranes and Causes Cell Death of Transgenic<i>Xenopus</i>Rods (2001)

Rab8 is a GTPase involved in membrane trafficking. In photoreceptor cells, rab8 is proposed to participate in the late stages of delivery of rhodopsin-containing post-Golgi membranes to the plasma membrane near the base of the connecting cilium. To test the function of rab8 in vivo, we generated transgenic Xenopus laevis expressing wild-type, constitutively active (Q67L), and dominant negative (T22N) forms of canine rab8 in their rod photoreceptors as green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins. Wild-type and constitutively active GFP-rab8 proteins were primarily associated with Golgi and post-Golgi membranes, whereas the dominant negative protein was primarily cytoplasmic. Expression of wild-type GFP-rab8 had minimal effects on cell survival and intracellular structures. In contrast, GFP-rab8T22N caused rapid retinal degeneration. In surviving peripheral rods, tubulo-vesicular structures accumulated at the base of the connecting cilium. Expression of GFP-rab8Q67L induced a slower retinal degeneration in some tadpoles. Transgene effects were transmitted to F1 offspring. Expression of the GFP-rab8 fusion proteins appears to decrease the levels of endogenous rab8 protein. Our results demonstrate a role for rab8 in docking of post-Golgi membranes in rods, and constitute the first report of a transgenic X. laevis model of retinal degenerative disease.
Delay analysis of series-connected MOSFET circuits (1991)

In order to derive analytical delay expressions for CMOS gates in the submicrometer region, a realistic MOS model which incorporates an nth power law MOS model is developed. Closed-form delay formulas are obtained for CMOS inverters and series-connected MOSFET structures (SCMSs) that include short-channel effects. It is shown that the ratio of the delay of NAND/NOR to the delay of the inverter becomes smaller in the submicrometer region, because the V/sub DS/ and V/sub GS/ of each MOSFET in the SCMS are smaller than those of an inverter MOSFET. The smaller voltages in turn mitigate and relax the severe carrier velocity saturation in miniaturized MOSFETs. The results of the analysis for submicrometer VLSI designs show that if the maximum number of series-connected MOSFETs is considered to be five in 2- mu m designs, then the number can be increased to six or seven in the submicrometer circuit design. In typical cases in VLSI designs, the delay ratio for N-SCMS is much less than N/sup 2/. The delay dependence on input terminal position for SCMS structures is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Requirement for the <i>lp</i> <sub>A1</sub> lysophosphatidic acid receptor gene in normal suckling behavior (2000)

Although extracellular application of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been extensively documented to produce a variety of cellular responses through a family of specific G protein-coupled receptors, the in vivo organismal role of LPA signaling remains largely unknown. The first identified LPA receptor gene, lp(A1)/vzg-1/edg-2, was previously shown to have remarkably enriched embryonic expression in the cerebral cortex and dorsal olfactory bulb and postnatal expression in myelinating glia including Schwann cells. Here, we show that targeted deletion of lp(A1) results in approximately 50% neonatal lethality, impaired suckling in neonatal pups, and loss of LPA responsivity in embryonic cerebral cortical neuroblasts with survivors showing reduced size, craniofacial dysmorphism, and increased apoptosis in sciatic nerve Schwann cells. The suckling defect was responsible for the death among lp(A1)((-/-)) neonates and the stunted growth of survivors. Impaired suckling behavior was attributable to defective olfaction, which is likely related to developmental abnormalities in olfactory bulb and/or cerebral cortex. Our results provide evidence that endogenous lysophospholipid signaling requires an lp receptor gene and indicate that LPA signaling through the LP(A1) receptor is required for normal development of an inborn, neonatal behavior.
Effects of Cultivar, Fruit Number and Reflected Photosynthetically Active Radiation on Fragaria × ananassa Productivity and Fruit Ellagic Acid and Ascorbic Acid Concentrations (2006)

Highly reflective mulches significantly increased total concentrations of ellagic acid and ascorbic acid relative to control in fruit of different cultivars. The potential of agronomic practices to enhance the concentration and amounts of these important dietary bioactive compounds is discussed.
The Effect of Barbiturate on Retinal Functions. II. Effects on the <i>c</i>‐wave of the Electroretinogram and the Standing Potential of the Sheep Eye (1974)

Abstract The present work is the second in a series of investigations on the effect of barbiturate on retinal functions. The changes in the c ‐wave of the conventional ERG and in the standing potential (SP) of the intact sheep eye were studied after i.v. administration of an ultra‐short‐acting barbiturate, thiopental. The c ‐wave was transiently decreased or abolished after a small dose (< 10 mg/kg), whereas a negative shift could be observed in the SP. Larger doses resulted in negative‐positive cyclic variations of the c ‐wave amplitude and the SP resembling damped oscillations. There was an increase of the a‐ and b ‐waves after barbiturate administration, not related to the SP‐changes. The effect of barbiturate on the components of the conventional ERG and the SP was also studied after selective blocking of the function of the pigment epithelial cells with sodium iodate. Hereby, the barbiturate induced changes of the c ‐wave and the SP disappeared, whereas those of the a‐ and b ‐waves remained. On the basis of these results, the possibility that barbiturate has a dual site of action on the retina, namely on the neuroretina and on the pigment epithelial cells, cannot be excluded.
Metal-Containing Oligonucleotides:  Solid-Phase Synthesis and Luminescence Properties (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMetal-Containing Oligonucleotides: Solid-Phase Synthesis and Luminescence PropertiesDennis J. Hurley and Yitzhak TorView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0358 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9, 2194–2195Publication Date (Web):February 24, 1998Publication History Received24 November 1997Published online24 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9739998Copyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views663Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (60 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Chemical synthesis,Genetics,Metals,Nucleic acids Get e-Alerts
Topic modelling for automatic selection of software design patterns (2018)

Design pattern is a high-quality and reusable solution to a recurring software design problem. It is considered an important concept in the software engineering field due to its ability to enhance some of the quality attributes of the software systems including maintainability and extensibility. However, novice developers need to be provided by a tool to assist them in selecting the fit design pattern to solve a design problem. The paper proposes a novel approach for the automatic selection of the fit design pattern. This approach is based on using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model. The topic is a set of words that often appear together. LDA is able to relate words with similar meaning and to differentiate between uses of words with multiple meanings. In this paper LDA is used to analyze the textual descriptions of design patterns and extract the topics then discover the similarity between the target problem scenario and the collection of patterns using Improved Sqrt-Cosine similarity measure (ISCS). The proposed approach was evaluated using Gang of four design patterns. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms approach based on the traditional vector space model of Unigrams.
A Review of Modular Multiplication Methods ands Respective Hardware Implementation (2006)

Generally speaking, public-key cryptographic systems consist of raising elements of some group such as GF(2n), Z/NZ or elliptic curves, to large powers and reducing the result modulo some given element. Such operation is often called modular exponentiation and is performed using modular multiplications repeatedly. The practicality of a given cryptographic system depends heavily on how fast modular exponentiations are performed. Consequently, it also depends on how efficiently modular multiplications are done as these are at the base of the computation. This problem has received much attention over the years. Software as well as hardware efficient implementation were proposed. However, the results are scattered through the literature. In this paper we survey most known and recent methods for efficient modular multiplication, investigating and examining their strengths and weaknesses. For each method presented, we provide an adequate hardware implementation. Povzetek: Podan je pregled modernih metod kriptografije.
Collagenases (1974)

"... native collagen is unaffected by enzymes of mammalian origin acting within the pH range that exists in connective tissue..."1THIS comment, written in 1959 in a review of the structure and stability of collagen, was an accurate assessment of the biomedical literature at that time. However, multiple biologic and pathologic situations — ranging from remodeling of long bones during growth,2 resorption of the uterus after parturition3,4 to the rapid development of trophic ulcers of the skin in paralyzed patients5 and destruction of joints in rheumatoid arthritis6 — suggested that there were indeed enzymatic mechanisms for destruction of collagen.Then, . . .
Topiramate as an Inhibitor of Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes (2000)

Summary: Purpose : This study investigated the effectiveness of topiramate (TPM) as an inhibitor of six isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA). Methods : The inhibition constants (K i ) of TPM and acetazolamide (AZM) for CA I, CA II, CA III, CA IV, CA V, and CA VI were determined for human (HCA), rat (RCA), or mouse (MCA). The activity of CA was studied by using purified isozymes, erythrocytes, subcellular fractions of kidney or brain, and saliva, and was assayed at 37°C or 25°C by 18 O mass spectrometry and/or by measuring the pH shift at 0°C. Results : Topiramate K i values for HCA I, HCA II, HCA IV, and HCA VI were ∼100, 7, 10, and >100 μ M , respectively. TPM K i values for RCA I, RCA II, RCA III, RCA IV, and RCA V were ∼180, 0·1 to 1, >100, 0·2 to 10 and 18 μ M , respectively. For RCA II and RCA IV, the K i values were temperature dependent. TPM K i values for MCA II and MCA IV ranged between 1 and 20 μ M . Conclusions : These results indicate that TPM is more potent as an inhibitor of CA II and CA IV than of CA I, CA III, and CA VI. In all three species, AZM was usually 10 to 100 times more potent than TPM as an inhibitor of CA isozymes.
Nucleotide sequence of yeast gene <i>CPA1</i> encoding the small subunit of arginine‐pathway carbamoyl‐phosphate synthetase (1985)

A yeast DNA fragment carrying the gene CP A1 encoding the small subunit of the arginine pathway carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase has been sequenced. Only one continuous coding sequence on this fragment was long enough to account for the presumed molecular mass of CP A1 protein product. It codes for a polypeptide of 411 amino acids having a relative molecular mass, Mr, of 45 358 and showing extensive homology with the product of carA, the homologous Escherichia coli gene. CP A1 and carA products are glutamine amidotransferases which bind glutamine and transfer its amide group to the large subunits where it is used for the synthesis of carbamoyl-phosphate. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of CP A1 polypeptide with the glutamine amidotransferase domains of anthranilate and p-amino-benzoate synthetases from various sources has revealed the presence in each of these sequences of three highly conserved regions of 8, 11 and 6 amino acids respectively. The 11-residue oligopeptide contains a cysteine which is considered as the active-site residue involved in the binding of glutamine. The distances (number of amino acid residues) which separate these homology regions are accurately conserved in these various enzymes. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that these synthetases have arisen by the combination of a common ancestral glutamine amidotransferase subunit with distinct ammonia-dependent synthetases. Little homology was detected with the amide transfer domain of glutamine phosphoribosyldiphosphate amidotransferase which may be the result of a convergent evolutionary process. The flanking regions of gene CP A1 have been sequenced, 803 base pairs being determined on the 5' side and 382 on the 3' side. Several features of the 5'-upstream region of CP A1 potentially related to the control of its expression have been noticed including the presence of two copies of the consensus sequence d(T-G-A-C-T-C) previously identified in several genes subject to the general control of amino acid biosynthesis.
Nitrogen-Substituted Derivatives of 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrogen-Substituted Derivatives of 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic AcidMARVIN L. PETERSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 4, 565–569Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01074a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01074a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Quantitative Survey of Communication Optimizations in Distributed Deep Learning (2020)

Nowadays, large and complex deep learning (DL) models are increasingly trained in a distributed manner across multiple worker machines, in which extensive communications between workers pose serious scaling problems. In this article, we present a quantitative survey of communication optimization techniques for data parallel distributed DL. We first identify the major communication challenges and classify the existing solutions into three levels, namely the learning algorithm, the system architecture, and the network infrastructure. We present the state-of-the-art communication optimization techniques and conduct a comparative study of seven common lossless distributed DL methods on a 32-GPU cluster with 100Gbps InfiniBand (IB). We show that (1) the DL models with low model intensity (such as BERT and BERT-Large) are difficult to scale out even with the best available lossless algorithm over 100Gbps IB; (2) the system architecture and scheduling algorithms have a critical impact on the scaling property. We conclude the article with discussions on the open issues for further investigations.
The Effect of Scleral Fixation Ring Placement and Trephine Tilting on Keratoplasty Wound Size and Donor Shape (1981)

To examine the effect of trephine tilting and scleral ring placement on wound size, five corneas from McCarey-Kaufman medium and ten whole eyes were trephined centrally under controlled conditions and the major and minor axes measured. It was found that, even with great care taken to hold the trephine perpendicular to the cornea, a fair amount of disparity between the major and minor axes of the donor tissue was seen. The scleral fixation ring produced much distortion, although removal allowed the peripheral cornea to return to more normal configuration. The relationship between amount of trephine tilting and increase in the major axis of the cornea is examined, and all of these concepts are discussed in terms of current keratoplasty technique.