gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure mechanism of E-FUSE for a production chip during the ESD zapping event (2017)

On-chip electrical fuse (E-FUSE) with electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection scheme failure during point-to-point ESD stress has been reported and analyzed. ESD current flowing through the power bus-line and back-to-back diodes induces the potential difference between two ground domains. Thus induces activation of the control circuitry to programming mode, allowing E-FUSE as part of ESD discharge path.
Modulation of monocyte-endothelial cell interactions by platelet microparticles. (1998)

Platelets, activated by various agonists, produce microparticles (MP) from the plasma membrane, which are released into the extracellular space. Although the mechanism of MP formation has been clarified, their biological importance remains ill defined. We have recently shown that platelet-derived MP influence platelet and endothelial cell function. In this study, we have further examined the mechanism of cellular activation by platelet MP. To address the possibility that they may influence monocyte-endothelial interactions, we used an in vitro assay to examine their effects on the adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Platelet MP increased the adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Maximal adhesion of monocytes to resting HUVEC was observed after 24 h of stimulation with MP. Similar kinetics were observed with U-937 (human promonocytic leukemia) cells, used as a model for the blood-borne monocyte. Maximal adhesion of resting monocytes to MP-stimulated HUVEC was observed after 5 h of stimulation with MP. The EC50s for MP-induced increases in HUVEC, monocyte, and U-937 cell adhesion is 8.74, 43.41, and 10.83 microg/ml of MP protein, respectively. The induction of monocyte-endothelial adhesion was mimicked by arachidonic acid isolated from MP. The observed increased cellular adhesiveness correlated with MP-induced upregulation of cell adhesion molecules. MP-stimulated HUVEC increased intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) but not vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), P-, or E-selectin expression. Monocyte and U-937 lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (CD11a/CD18) and macrophage antigen-1 (CD11b/ CD18, alpham/beta2) were both upregulated upon MP stimulation, but an increase in p150,95 (CD11c/CD18), very late antigen-1, or ICAM-1 expression was not observed. The functional importance of these changes was demonstrated with blocking antibodies. MP also induced the chemotaxis of U-937 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 4.40 microg/ml of MP protein. Similarly, arachidonic acid isolated from MP mimicked the chemotactic response. A role for PKC was implicated in both adhesion and chemotaxis. GF 109203X, a specific inhibitor of PKC, significantly reduced monocyte-endothelial adhesion, as well as U-937 chemotaxis. The demonstration that platelet MP may modulate important aspects of endothelial and monocyte function provides a novel mechanism by which platelets may interact with such cells in human atherosclerosis and inflammation.
Choosing a green couch cultivar: Factors to consider (2008)

There is no such thing as a perfect turfgrass. All have their strengths and specific uses for which they are inherently best suited. How well turf managers deal with the negative issues of the cultivar chosen for a particular use and site is what separates good from mediocre turfgrass performance.
The Melanocortin 2 Receptor Accessory Protein Exists as a Homodimer and Is Essential for the Function of the Melanocortin 2 Receptor in the Mouse Y1 Cell Line (2007)

The ACTH receptor [melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R)] gene produces a functional receptor only when transfected into cells of adrenocortical origin, implying that it may require an adrenal-specific accessory factor. Recently we showed that the MC2R accessory protein (MRAP) is essential for the cell surface expression of the MC2R in such models. Using RNA interference (RNAi) technology, we have further explored the action of MRAP in the functioning of the MC2R in Y1 mouse adrenocortical cells that endogenously express MRAP and MC2R. We created stable cell lines expressing mouse MRAP short hairpin RNA (shRNAs) by transfecting cells with an expression vector containing the MRAP small interfering RNA sequence. The knockdown of MRAP resulted in a reduction in MC2R signaling. The overexpression of a mouse MRAP-Flag construct did not restore the expression of MRAP due to its degradation by the mouse shRNAs. The introduction of human MRAP that is resistant to silencing by mouse MRAP shRNAs resulted in the rescue of the MC2R signaling. MRAP migrates on SDS-PAGE with markedly lower mobility than predicted for a 14.1-kDa protein. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy suggests that MRAP exists as a homodimer that is resistant to dissociation by sodium dodecyl sulfate and reducing agents.
Overture (2014)

It was almost three weeks since the end of the long rainy season. The ground was drinking in the water from the rains. In a small village, Gimbaya N’kufo was doing chores with her daughter, Mangeni. They were going down to the river to wash their clothes. Many people in the village criticized Gimbaya because she did her own washing. They said that the wife of the village chief should have someone else wash the clothes. But Gimbaya was a strong woman. Though slight in height, she had broad shoulders and had developed endurance because of her willingness to work.
Effects of quillaja and yucca saponins on communities and select populations of rumen bacteria and archaea, and fermentation<i>in vitro</i> (2012)

The results of this study suggest that saponins at low doses may directly stimulate the growth of some rumen bacteria including cellulolytic bacteria, thus improving digestibility of feeds, independent of their defaunation activity. In contrast, saponins at high doses modulate rumen fermentation characteristically similar to defaunation.
Silicon-on-Glass Dielectric Waveguide—Part II: For THz Applications (2015)

A low-loss sub-millimeter-wave/THz integrated dielectric waveguide is presented. The proposed waveguide consists of a highly resistive Silicon (Si) guiding channel bonded to a glass substrate. To reduce the waveguide insertion loss due to the glass substrate, part of the substrate below the Si guiding channel is etched. A periodic configuration of supporting beams is used to hold the Si guiding channel over the glass substrate. A low-cost and high-precision fabrication process, which is fully compatible with current Si-based fabrication technologies, is developed for the proposed waveguide. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed waveguide. Measured attenuation constant of the proposed waveguide is 0.0346 dB/ λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> (average value) over the 440-500 GHz band.
Modeling state durations in hidden Markov models for automatic speech recognition (1992)

Hidden Markov modeling (HMM) techniques have been used successfully for connected speech recognition in the last several years. In the traditional HMM algorithms, the probability of duration of a state decreases exponentially with time which is not appropriate for representing the temporal structure of speech. Non-parametric modeling of duration using semi-Markov chains does accomplish the task with a large increase in the computational complexity. Applying a postprocessing state duration penalty after Viterbi decoding adds very little computation but does not affect the forward recognition path. The authors present a way of modeling state durations in HMM using time-dependent state transitions. This inhomogeneous HMM (IHMM) does increase the computation by a small amount but reduces recognition error rates by 14-25%. Also, a suboptimal implementation of this scheme that requires no more computation than the traditional HMM is presented which also has reduced errors by 14-22% on a variety of databases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rekontruksi Pendidikan Islam Berbasis Moderatisme (2012)

Abstrak Pendidikan Islam yang moderat dapat mencegah peserta didik untuk berperilaku radikal baik dalam sikap maupun pemikiran, sehingga out-put dari lembaga pendidikan Islam dengan adanya pendidikan Islam berbasis moderatisme ini dapat dapat berimplikasi kepada pemahaman semua umat Islam untuk menerima segala bentuk perbedaan dalam keagamaan dan dapat menghargai keyakinan yang diyakini oleh orang lain. Rekonstruksi pendidikan Islam berbasis moderatisme meliputi: konspe tawassuth (moderat), tasammuh (toleransi), tawazzun (keseimbangan), I’tidal (keadilan), dan persamaan. Pendidikan Islam secara aplikatif tidak hanya memberikan pemahaman keagamaan dan membentuk sikap para santri di pondok pesantren, tetapi perlu adanya kostruksi kurikulum pendidikan Islam yang menjawab persoalan saat ini. Key Words: Rekonstruksi, Pendidikan Islam, Moderatisme
A Discriminative Structural Similarity Measure and its Application to Video-Volume Registration for Endoscope Three-Dimensional Motion Tracking (2014)

Endoscope 3-D motion tracking, which seeks to synchronize pre- and intra-operative images in endoscopic interventions, is usually performed as video-volume registration that optimizes the similarity between endoscopic video and pre-operative images. The tracking performance, in turn, depends significantly on whether a similarity measure can successfully characterize the difference between video sequences and volume rendering images driven by pre-operative images. The paper proposes a discriminative structural similarity measure, which uses the degradation of structural information and takes image correlation or structure, luminance, and contrast into consideration, to boost video-volume registration. By applying the proposed similarity measure to endoscope tracking, it was demonstrated to be more accurate and robust than several available similarity measures, e.g., local normalized cross correlation, normalized mutual information, modified mean square error, or normalized sum squared difference. Based on clinical data evaluation, the tracking error was reduced significantly from at least 14.6 mm to 4.5 mm. The processing time was accelerated more than 30 frames per second using graphics processing unit.
The effect of steam distillation time on the yield and composition of the oil from Kunzea ambigua (2018)

Kunzea ambigua (Sm.) Druce (Myrtaceae), commonly known as ‘Tick Bush’ is a woody shrub, indigenous to Australia and New Zealand. It thrives in the granite soils of the north-east coast and Bass Strait islands of Tasmania. The therapeutic and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil have been documented [1,2]. The nature of the small, leathery leaves necessitates a long distillation time to achieve maximum oil yield. Oils were collected at set distillation times of 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 mins. Yields and chemical compositions were determined by GC FID and identification of components was confirmed by Kovats Indices and mass spectra. Although the distillation of monoterpenes contributed to the most rapid phase of oil accumulation, which occurred at around 30 minutes, the narrow, lanceolate leaves of K. ambigua required in excess of 4 hours for complete extraction of the heavier components. The concentration of oxygenated monoterpenes, such as terpinen-4-ol and a-terpineol, had peak oil recovery at between 30 and 60 minutes. Recovery of 1,8-cineole maximized at 30 minutes, following a similar pattern to the monoterpenes. The cyclic ether component of this oxygenated monoterpene may well contribute to the different behavior under the conditions of steam distillation. In contrast, increasing amounts of the oxygenated sesquiterpenes, globulol and viridiflorol accumulated with time and it may be assumed that the complete extraction of essential oils from the vegetative material was not achieved. Both components are regarded as integral to the aroma, contributing a floral/citrus element to the bouquet of the typical Kunzea oil [3]. Oils containing higher ratios of these heavy components may be achieved by combining fractions collected onwards from one and a half hours into the steam distillation process. This enhanced the percentage of globulol from 17±3 in the unfractionated, total oil yield to 27±4 in the 46% of the oil collected in the later stages of the distillation. Likewise, the percentage of viridiflorol can be increased from 10±2 to 17±2%. Research is continuing into shortened distillation times using super-heated steam and into the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the oil of K. ambigua .
Calcitriol ointment 3 microg/g is safe and effective over 52 weeks for the treatment of mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. (2009)

Topical vitamin D3 agents have emerged as important options for the treatment of psoriasis. Calcitriol, a naturally occurring and biologically active form of vitamin D3, has been developed in an ointment formulation for topical psoriasis therapy in the United States. The product has been used outside of the United States for years. Several short-term (< 6 months) clinical trials have demonstrated that calcitriol ointment 3 microg/g improves symptoms of psoriasis in participants with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis without demonstrating clinical evidence of alterations in calcium homeostasis, but little information has been available about the safety and effectiveness of continuous long-term use of calcitriol ointment. In this open-label, multicenter study, 324 participants with primarily mild to moderate chronic plaque psoriasis were treated with calcitriol ointment 3 microg/g twice daily for up to 52 weeks. A total of 136 participants completed 52 weeks of treatment. Serious adverse events (AEs) (reported by 1 participant each unless otherwise noted) included a pretibial skin ulcer (study drug was used only on the upper body), a joint disorder, metrorrhagia (2 participants), heart failure, hospitalization due to arteriosclerosis, breast carcinoma, and an infection (due to a dog bite). Clinical improvement in psoriasis symptoms was assessed by an investigator-rated global severity score (GSS) and participant-rated global assessment of improvement in psoriasis symptoms from baseline. Improvements in GSS were seen over the course of treatment. Calcitriol ointment 3 microg/g is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated option for the long-term treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Clinical improvement was maintained for up to 52 weeks, with no clinical effect on calcium homeostasis or other relevant laboratory test parameters.
Transient occurrence of extrachromosomal DNA of an Arabidopsis thaliana transposon-like element, Tat1. (1991)

Analysis of 11 genomic clones containing the S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 1 gene (sam1) of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the presence of a 431-base-pair (bp) insertion in the 3' end of sam1 in one of these clones. The inserted sequence, called Tat1, shows structural features of a transposon. It is flanked by a 5-bp duplication of the target site DNA and has 13-bp inverted repeats at its termini. Two highly homologous elements situated in a different genomic context were isolated from a genomic library. Genomic Southern analysis indicates that there are at least four copies of Tat1 present in the A. thaliana ecotype Columbia genome. Different hybridization patterns are observed with DNAs derived from different ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, indicating that the element has moved since the divergence of these ecotypes. In two populations of A. thaliana, linear extrachromosomal Tat1-homologous DNA has been observed. The presented data are consistent with the hypothesis that Tat1 is an active transposable element.
Fully human anti-interleukin 8 antibody inhibits tumor growth in orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts via down-regulation of matrix metalloproteases and nuclear factor-kappaB. (2003)

Our data point to the potential use of ABX-IL8 as a modality to treat bladder cancer and other solid tumors, either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy or other antitumor agents.
Stereospecific methods of forming ethers by nucleophilic reactions of 3.alpha.-substituted tropanes (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific methods of forming ethers by nucleophilic reactions of 3.alpha.-substituted tropanesG. Kraiss, P. Scheiber, and K. NadorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 6, 2601–2603Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01270a124RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (450 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Casein Films: The Effects of Formulation, Environmental Conditions and the Addition of Citric Pectin on the Structure and Mechanical Properties (2014)

Thin casein films for food packaging applications reportedly possess good strength and low oxygen permeability, but low elasticity and high sensitivity to moisture. Modifying the films to target specific behaviors depending on environmental conditions can enable a variety of commercial applications for casein-based films. The mechanical properties of solvent-cast (15% solids) calcium-caseinate/glycerol films (CaCas:Gly ratio of 3:1) were characterized as a function of processing and environmental conditions, including film thickness, solution formulation and ambient humidity (from 22% to 70% relative humidity (RH) at ~20 °C). At constant RH, the elongation at break (EAB) had a strong positive dependence on the film thickness. When RH increased, the tensile strength (TS) and modulus (E) decreased approximately linearly, while EAB increased. From 0.05% to 1% (w/w) of citric pectin (CP) was then incorporated into CaCas/Gly films following seven different formulations (mixing sequences), to alter the protein network and to evaluate the effects of CP on the tensile properties of CaCas/Gly/CP films. At constant film thickness and ~60% RH, the addition of 0.1% or 1.0% CP to the films considerably increased or decreased EAB, TS and E in different directions and to different extents, depending on the formulation, while optical micrographs also showed vastly differing network configurations, suggesting complex formulation- and stoichiometry-dependent casein-pectin interactions within the dried films. Depending on the desired film properties and utilization conditions, pectin may be a useful addition to casein film formulations for food packaging applications.
Angular scattering measurements and calculations of rough spherically shaped carbon particles. (1995)

An angular scatterometer (goniometer) was designed and built which is capable of measuring the S11 and S12 components of the scattering matrix on single particles as a function of the scattering angle (Theta) for different values of the azimuthal angle (phi) . The particle is electrostatically charged and is levitated in an electrodynamic levitator (EDL). The EDL is positioned in such a way that the particle is in the center of a semicircular detector ring which can be rotated around the particle so that different scattering planes can be measured. Spherically shaped porous carbon particles (spherocarbs) serve as candidate particles for experimental and theoretical investigations of scattering in various planes. Results are compared to theoretical modeling of stochatistic rough particles in order to assess the influence of shape and surface roughness.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Signal modeling techniques in speech recognition (1993)

A tutorial on signal processing in state-of-the-art speech recognition systems is presented, reviewing those techniques most commonly used. The four basic operations of signal modeling, i.e. spectral shaping, spectral analysis, parametric transformation, and statistical modeling, are discussed. Three important trends that have developed in the last five years in speech recognition are examined. First, heterogeneous parameter sets that mix absolute spectral information with dynamic, or time-derivative, spectral information, have become common. Second, similarity transform techniques, often used to normalize and decorrelate parameters in some computationally inexpensive way, have become popular. Third, the signal parameter estimation problem has merged with the speech recognition process so that more sophisticated statistical models of the signal's spectrum can be estimated in a closed-loop manner. The signal processing components of these algorithms are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Improved 6-D Pose Detection Method Based on Opposing-Magnet Pair System and Constraint Multiple Magnets Tracking Algorithm (2017)

Magnetic tracking method is mainly based on sensing of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic source. Usually a small permanent magnet is used as the magnetic source, and magnetic dipole model is used to estimate the magnetic field. The disadvantage of this approach is that only 5-D pose information can be estimated, but the spin rotation with respect to the direction of magnetic moment cannot be detected. In our previous work, we proposed a novel 6-D (3-D position and 3-D orientation) pose detection method, which was based on an opposing-magnet pair system. The disadvantage is that different rotational parameters may lead to the same pose result due to the symmetric structure of object magnets. In order to solve this problem, we propose an improved 6-D pose detection method in this paper, which is based on a novel constraint multiple magnets tracking algorithm. Two magnets of different sizes with opposite magnetic directions have been combined together to serve as the tracking target. By applying the constraint multi-magnet tracking algorithm, 5-D pose of each magnet can be obtained. Therefore, we can estimate the missing spin rotational information according to the relative movement between these two magnets. Experimental results verified the feasibility of the proposed method. The average position error is 2.3 mm and the orientation error is 4.36°, when the volume ratio between these two magnets is 1:1.5.
LED intensity distribution (2006)

A radiometric approach to realistically model the intensity spatial distribution of encapsulated LEDs (light-emitting diodes) is presented. We provide an analytical relationship between the radiated pattern and the main LED parameters (chip, encapsulant, and reflector).