gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Effects of Synergistic Thermal and Photo-Cross-Linking during Biofabrication on the Structural and Functional Properties of Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Hydrogels (2021)

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have emerged as promising and versatile biomaterial matrices with applications spanning drug delivery, disease modeling, and tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. GelMA exhibits reversible thermal cross-linking at temperatures below 37 °C due to the entanglement of constitutive polymeric chains, and subsequent ultraviolet (UV) photo-cross-linking can covalently bind neighboring chains to create irreversibly cross-linked hydrogels. However, how these cross-linking modalities interact and can be modulated during biofabrication to control the structural and functional characteristics of this versatile biomaterial is not well explored yet. Accordingly, this work characterizes the effects of synergistic thermal and photo-cross-linking as a function of GelMA solution temperature and UV photo-cross-linking duration during biofabrication on the hydrogels' stiffness, microstructure, proteolytic degradation, and responses of NIH 3T3 and human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC). Smaller pore size, lower degradation rate, and increased stiffness are reported in hydrogels processed at lower temperature or prolonged UV exposure. In hydrogels with low stiffness, the cells were found to shear the matrix and cluster into microspheroids, while poor cell attachment was noted in high stiffness hydrogels. In hydrogels with moderate stiffness, ones processed at lower temperature demonstrated better shape fidelity and cell proliferation over time. Analysis of gene expression of hASC encapsulated within the hydrogels showed that, while the GelMA matrix assisted in maintenance of stem cell phenotype (CD44), a higher matrix stiffness resulted in higher pro-inflammatory marker (ICAM1) and markers for cell-matrix interaction (ITGA1 and ITGA10). Analysis of constructs with ultrasonically patterned hASC showed that hydrogels processed at higher temperature possessed lower structural fidelity but resulted in more cell elongation and greater anisotropy over time. These findings demonstrate the significant impact of GelMA material formulation and processing conditions on the structural and functional properties of the hydrogels. The understanding of these material-process-structure-function interactions is critical toward optimizing the functional properties of GelMA hydrogels for different targeted applications.
Adaptive Action Selection in Autonomic Software Using Reinforcement Learning (2008)

The planning process in autonomic software aims at selecting an action from a finite set of alternatives for adaptation. This is an abstruse problem due to the fact that software behaviour is usually very complex with numerous number of control variables. This research work focuses on proposing a planning process and specifically an action selection technique based on "Reinforcement Learning" (RL). We argue why, how, and when RL can be beneficial for an autonomic software system. The proposed approach is applied to a simulated model of a news web application. Evaluation results show that this approach can learn to select appropriate actions in a highly dynamic environment. Furthermore, we compare this approach with another technique from the literature, and the results suggest that it can achieve similar performance in spite of no expert involvement.
Analysis of changes in collagen biosynthesis that occur when chick chondrocytes are grown in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. (1975)

Chick embryo chondrocytes, in primary culture, initially synthesize only Type ii collagen (chain composition, [alpha1(II)13), as judged by two criteria: (i) carbosymethyl-cellulose chromatography of the denatured collagen, and (ii) carbosymethyl-cellulose chromatography of the cyanogen bromide peptides derived from the isolated chains. After a period of growth in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, however, synthesis of two different types of collagen could be detected after differential salt precipitation of the newly synthesized native collagens from neutral salt solutions at 2.2 M NaCl and subsequently at 0.01 M Na2hPO4. By criteria indicated above, the collagen precipitating at 2.2 M NaCl was identified as Type I collagen (chain composition, [alpha(I)]2alpha2), whereas the collagen subsequently precipitated at 0.01 M Na2HPO4 was found to be comprised entirely of alpha1(I) chains, indicating a chain composition, [alpha](I)]3. We propose to designate the latter type of molecule as the Type I trimer.
Theoretical Analysis of a First-Order Azimuth-Steerable Superdirective Microphone Array (2009)

A first-order azimuth-steerable superdirectional microphone response can be constructed by means of a linear combination of three eigenbeams (monopole and two orthogonal dipoles). Via this method, we can construct any first-order directivity pattern (monopole, cardioid, hypercardioid, etc.) that can be electronically steered to a certain angle on the 2-D plane to capture the desired signal. In this paper, the superdirectional responses are generated via a planar microphone array with a square geometry. We analyze the influence of spatial aliasing on the captured desired signal and the directivity index. Furthermore, we investigate the sensitivity for uncorrelated sensor noise and the sensitivity for phase- and magnitude-errors on the individual sensors. Finally, two rules of thumb are derived to choose the size of the microphone array.
Assessment of maximal aerobic power in specifically trained athletes (1977)

Maximal aerobic power of 37 athletes (14 females and ten male cross-country skiers, eight male rowers and five male cyclists) was determined during uphill running on the treadmill and during maximal performance of their specific sport activity. For the skiers a significantly (P less than 0.005) higher VO2max was found during uphill skiing than during running, the differences being 2.9 and 3.1% for the females and males, respectively. The rowers and cyclists obtained a difference of 4.2 and 5.6%, respectively (P less than 0.01). The largest individual differences between the two test procedures were 12.2, 5.4, 14.3, and 7.9% for female and male cross-country skiers, rowers, and cyclists, respectively. It is concluded that in evaluation of maximal aerobic power of atheletes, it becomes important to select a work situation which allows optimal use of the specifically trained muscle fibres. This means that the test preferably should be identical with the subjects' specific sport activity, under the assumption that a reasonably large muscle mass is engaged during the performance.
Supporting awareness and interaction through collaborative virtual interfaces (1999)

This paper explores interfaces to virtual environments supporting multiple users. An interface to an environment allowing interaction with virtual artefacts is constructed, drawing on previous proposals for 'desktop' virtual environments. These include the use of Peripheral Lenses to support peripheral awareness in collaboration; and extending the ways in which users' actions are represented for each other. Through a qualitative analysis of a design task, the effect of the proposals is outlined. Observations indicate that, whilst these designs go some way to re-constructing physical co-presence in terms of awareness and interaction through the environment, some issues remain. Notably, peripheral distortion in supporting awareness may cause problematic interactions with and through the virtual world; and extended representations of actions may still allow problems in re-assembling the composition of others' actions. We discuss the potential for: designing representations for distorted peripheral perception; and explicitly displaying the course of action in object-focused interaction.
Two-wavelength photorefractive dynamic optical interconnect (1989)

A novel architecture for a reconfigurable optical routing switch using photorefractive crystals with nondestructive readout is presented. This design reduces the order of complexity from n(2) to n for a general two-wavelength n x n holographic interconnection network. The packing capacity of the network is discussed and is calculated to be of the order of 1000 x 1000 for an ideal volume holographic recording material. In practice, we show that the actual value is constrained by the number of gratings that can be multiplexed in a single photorefractive crystal. A 2 x 3 switch is demonstrated by using a Bi(12)GeO(20) crystal with 514-nm writing beams and 633-nm signal (readout) beams.
Protocols and intentional specifications of multi-party agent conversions for brokerage and auctions (2000)

Article Protocols and intentional specifications of multi-party agent conversions for brokerage and auctions Share on Authors: Jeremy Pitt Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2BT, UK Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2BT, UKView Profile , Frank Guerin Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2BT, UK Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2BT, UKView Profile , Chris Stergiou Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2BT, UK Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, SW7 2BT, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims AGENTS '00: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agentsJune 2000 Pages 269–276https://doi.org/10.1145/336595.337490Online:01 June 2000Publication History 9citation345DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations9Total Downloads345Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Local excitation black blood imaging at 3T: Application to the carotid artery wall (2008)

A novel approach for imaging large sections of the carotid artery wall at isotropic spatial resolution is presented. Local excitation by means of 2D excitation pulses was combined with a diffusion-prepared segmented steady-state black-blood gradient echo technique enabling the assessment of the carotid arterial wall over a range of up to 15 cm. The carotid arteries of five healthy volunteers were imaged with the proposed technique. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wall-lumen contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and vessel dimensions were assessed and compared to conventional excitation techniques. In all experiments black-blood contrast could be realized over the covered carotid arteries with similar SNR and CNR as the conventional technique covering the region of the bulbus only. The proposed technique enables the time-efficient coverage of the carotid arteries without compromising wall-lumen CNR and geometrical accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed technique appears to be less sensitive to motion and swallowing artifacts due to the local character of the excitation.
Analytical Chemistry Contributing to Crisis Management in Poisoning Cases (2007)

1998年に発生した和歌山毒カレー事件のような，原因不明の大規模な中毒事件の発生は，安全・安心な社会を脅かすものであり，行政レベルで十分な対策を施す必要がある．分析化学がこのような毒劇物中毒事件発生の危機にいかに貢献すべきであるか．著者は，警察庁科学警察研究所において，シアンなどの揮発性毒物の分析，代謝，毒性に係る研究，鑑定，都道府県警察本部科学捜査研究所職員に対する研修・指導を業務としてきたが，1998年に発生した毒物連鎖事件の鑑定に携わった．本総合論文では，毒物連鎖事件と著者が担当した鑑定の概要を紹介し，本事件の事後対応における反省点を挙げ，原因不明の中毒事件に際した場合の毒物検査に従事する分析化学者が留意すべき点に関して述べる．
The Use of near Infrared Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Fresh Grass Silage (1994)

The feasibility of using near infrared reflectance and near infrared transmission spectroscopy to evaluate the proximate composition and the content in fermentation end-products of fresh silage was investigated. In this study, the silage fermentation characteristics were predicted both by NIR reflectance (NIRSystems 6500 with a coarse sample cell) and by NIR transmittance (Tecator Infratec 1255). The silage was measured immediately on opening the silo with no sample preparation. The analysis of silage in its fresh state prevents volatilisation of fermentation end-products. The best results were obtained in the reflectance mode for all the constituents under investigation, using the full wavelength range. The best R 2 values for pH, ammonia-nitrogen, lactic and acetic acids for validation samples were 0.90, 0.93, 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. The corresponding standard error values were 0.23 and 1.07 (% of total nitrogen), 8.35 and 1.65 (g kg −1 dry matter). It is concluded that silage fermentation characteristics can be predicted by NIR analysis on the silage in its fresh state. In this manner, the volatilisation of fermentation end-products is prevented.
Performance Evaluation and Analysis on Group Mobility of Mobile Relay for LTE Advanced System (2012)

High Speed Railway(HSR) scenario was currently agreed as the main scenario in the 3GPP Rel.11 study item, Mobile Relay for E-UTRA. Usually, communications of high-speed railway systems suffer from problems such as Doppler spread, radio condition abrupt change and handover failure. Mobile relay is a promising scheme to solve these problems, but the quantitative performance improvement to HSR has not been fully evaluated and analyzed. In this paper, a high speed scenario with mobile relay integrated is presented to analyze these issues for LTE Advanced system. The proposed mobile relay solution with group mobility is evaluated by a series of system simulation which witnesses an improvement in train user throughput as well as system throughput, and higher handover success ratio with a decrease in radio link failure ratio.
Effects of Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Placental Lactogen on Insulin Content and Release, and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Cultured Pancreatic Islets (1982)

The direct effects of human GH (hGH), ovine pituitary PRL (oPRL), and human chorionic somatomammotropin [placental lactogen (hPL)] on the endocrine pancreas were studied in isolated pancreatic islets maintained in tissue culture. Islets of Langerhans were isolated by collagenase treatment of pancreatic tissue obtained from adult NMRI mice and adult or newborn Wistar rats. The islets were maintained for up to 3 weeks in petri dishes containing tissue culture medium RPMI 1640 supplemented with newborn calf serum or normal human serum. The release of insulin during culture and the islet content of insulin, glucagon, and DNA after culture were determined. The DNA synthesis in the newborn rat islets was evaluated by the incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into islet cell DNA. In mouse islets, 1 micrograms/ml hGH, oPRL, or hPL markedly stimulated insulin release during a 2-week culture period and caused a significant increase in the insulin content in the islets after culture. While hGH did not affect the DNA content in adult mouse islets, an increase was observed in adult rat islets after 2-3 weeks of culture. In islets isolated from 3- to 5-day-old rats cultured for 2 weeks with hGH, there was a 30-40% higher DNA content than that found without hGH. Correspondingly, a significant stimulation of the incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine could be demonstrated 24 h after the addition of hGH, oPRL, or hPL. hCG and porcine ACTH had no effect. In conclusion, these results indicate that GH and related hormones have a direct stimulatory effect on both the insulin production and DNA synthesis in isolated islets of Langerhans. Whether the effect is directly on the beta-cell or mediated via locally produced growth factors remains to be determined.
Design and characterisation of an AES chip embedding countermeasures (2011)

In critical communication infrastructures, hardware accelerators are often used to speed up cryptographic calculations. Their resistance to physical attacks determines how secure the overall infrastructure is. In this paper, we describe the implementation and characterisation of an AES accelerator embedding security features against physical attacks. This AES chip is implemented in HCMOS9gp 130 nm STM technology. The countermeasure is based on duplication and works on complemented values in parallel. The chip was tested against side channel attacks showing the efficiency of the proposed countermeasure against such attacks. Fault injection tests based on the use of local laser shoots showed that the fault detection mechanism did indeed react as expected. However, using clock set-up time violations, 80% of the secret key were retrieved in less than 40 hours, thus illustrating the limits of the duplication countermeasure against a global fault attack which was published after the chip was designed.
Regional Model Simulations of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds over the Southeast Pacific off South America. Part II: Sensitivity Experiments* (2004)

Abstract The sensitivity of a regional climate model to physical parameterizations and model resolution is investigated in terms of its simulation of boundary layer stratocumulus (SCu) clouds over the southeast Pacific. Specifically, the physical schemes being tested include shallow cumulus convection, subgrid vertical mixing, cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), and drizzle. As described in Part I, the model with standard settings captures the major features of the boundary layer in the region, including a well-mixed marine boundary layer, a capping temperature inversion, SCu clouds, and the boundary layer regime transition from the well-mixed layer near the coast of South America to a decoupled cloud layer over warmer water to the west. Turning off the shallow cumulus parameterization results in a dramatic increase in the simulated SCu clouds while the boundary layer structure becomes unrealistic, losing the decoupled regime over warm water. With reduced penetrative mixing at the top of shallow cumuli, the simulated SCu clouds are somewhat increased while the boundary layer structure remained largely unchanged. Reducing the CDNC increases the size of cloud droplets and reduces the cloud albedo but has little effect on the vertical structure of the boundary layer and clouds. Allowing more drizzle decreases boundary layer clouds considerably. It is also shown that the simulated depth of the boundary layer and its decoupling is highly sensitive to the model horizontal and vertical resolutions. Insufficient horizontal or vertical resolutions produce a temperature inversion and cloud layer too close to the sea surface, a typical problem for global general circulation models. Implications of these results for global and regional modeling of boundary layer clouds and the areas that need more attention in future model development are discussed.
Dietary Nicotinic Acid Supplementation Ameliorates Chronic Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats (2014)

These results demonstrate that alcoholic fatty liver was not exaggerated by dietary NA deficiency, but was ameliorated by dietary NA supplementation. Increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation and decreased hepatic de novo lipogenesis contribute to the effects of dietary NA supplementation.
Retrieval of transmembrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. (1993)

A COOH-terminal double lysine motif maintains type I transmembrane proteins in the ER. Proteins tagged with this motif, eg., CD8/E19 and CD4/E19, rapidly receive post-translational modifications characteristic of the intermediate compartment and partially colocalized to this organelle. These proteins also received modifications characteristic of the Golgi but much more slowly. Lectin staining localized these Golgi modified proteins to ER indicating that this motif is a retrieval signal. Differences in the subcellular distribution and rate of post-translational modification of CD8 maintained in the ER by sequences derived from a variety of ER resident proteins suggested that the efficiency of retrieval was dependent on the sequence context of the double lysine motif and that retrieval may be initiated from multiple positions along the exocytotic pathway.
An Adaptive Relaying Scheme for Fuse Saving in Distribution Networks With Distributed Generation (2013)

In some situations, utilities may try to “save” the fuse of a circuit following temporary faults by de-energizing the line with the fast operation of an upstream recloser before the fuse is damaged. This fuse-saving practice is accomplished through proper time coordination between a recloser and a fuse. However, the installation of distributed generation (DG) into distribution networks may affect this coordination due to additional fault current contributions from the distributed resources. This phenomenon of recloser-fuse miscoordination is investigated in this paper with the help of a typical network that employs fuse saving. The limitations of a recloser equipped with time and instantaneous overcurrent elements with respect to fuse savings, in the presence of DG, are discussed. An adaptive relaying strategy is proposed to ensure fuse savings in the new scenario even in the worst fault conditions. The simulation results obtained by adaptively changing relay settings in response to changing DG configurations confirm that the settings selected theoretically in accordance with the proposed strategy hold well in operation.
Attachment of magnetic molecules on a nanoSQUID (2008)

A novel procedure combining monolayer self-assembly with electron beam lithography has been developed for attaching ferritin nanoparticles to a submicron thin-film SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). After opening a window in the PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) resist, organic linker molecules are used to attach ferritin to the exposed parts of the gold overlayer of a Nb nanoSQUID. This allows the magnetic nanoparticles to be located optimally as far as magnetic coupling to the nanoSQUID is concerned.
Using the visual component in automatic speech recognition (2002)

The movements of talkers' faces are known to convey visual cues that can improve speech intelligibility, especially where there is noise or hearing impairment. This suggests that visible facial gestures could be exploited to enhance speech intelligibility in automatic systems. Handling the volume of data represented by images of talkers' faces implies some form of data compression. Rather than using conventional feature extraction approaches, image coding and compression can be achieved using data-driven, statistically-oriented techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) or principal component analysis (PCA). A major issue is the combination of the audio and visual data so that the best use can be made of the two modalities together. Perceptual experiments may offer guidance on suitable machine architectures, many of which currently use hidden Markov models (HMMs).
Angiogenesis of the endometrium (1999)

In the future, knowledge of specific angiogenic patterns of various disease processes might improve application of antiangiogenic medications in therapies for benign and neoplastic diseases of the endometrium.