gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces (2004)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae OLE1 gene encodes a membrane-bound Delta9 fatty-acid desaturase, whose expression is regulated through transcriptional and mRNA stability controls. In wild type cells grown on fatty acid-free medium, OLE1 mRNA has a half-life of 10 +/- 1.5 min (basal stability) that becomes highly unstable when cells are exposed to unsaturated fatty acids (regulated stability). Activation of OLE1 transcription is dependent on N-terminal fragments of two membrane proteins, Mga2p and Spt23p, that are proteolytically released from the membrane by a ubiquitin-mediated mechanism. Surprisingly, disruption of the MGA2 gene also reduces the half-life of the OLE1 transcript and abolishes fatty acid regulated instability. Disruption of its cognate, SPT23, has no effect on the half-life of the mRNA. Mga2p appears to have two distinct functions with respect to the OLE1 mRNA stability: a stabilizing effect in cells grown in fatty acid-free medium and a destabilizing function in cells that are exposed to unsaturated fatty acids. These functions are independent of OLE1 transcription and can confer basal and regulated stability on OLE1 mRNAs that are produced under the control of the unrelated GAL1 promoter. Expression of soluble, N-terminal fragments of Mga2p stabilize the transcript but do not confer fatty acid-regulated instability on the mRNA suggesting that the stabilizing functions of Mga2p do not require membrane processing and that modifications to the protein introduced during proteolysis may play a role in the destabilizing effect. An analysis of mutants that are defective in mRNA degradation indicate that the Mga2p-requiring control mechanism that regulates the fatty acid-mediated instability of the OLE1 transcript acts by activating exosomal 3' --> 5'-exonuclease degradation activity.
The Role of Cognition (2007)

Ever since the early days of Indo-European philology at the beginning of the nineteenth century, scholars have been trying to find regular patterns of evolution in language in order to draw conclusions on the mechanisms and diachronic theories involved. The search for principles of meaning-change and their origins proved to be a hard task. Research made relatively rapid progress with regard to more rigid structures in language such as phonetic systems. In the case of sound shifts, comprehensive theories were put forward such as Grimm’s Law on the First Consonant Shift in early Germanic languages (Prokosch, 1938) and the Great Vowel Shift in Middle to Modern English (Jespersen [1909] 1939).
Microbiology of the Nervous System (1996)

Infections of the nervous system are rare but life-threatening complications of systemic infections. The central nervous system (CNS) presents a special milieu for bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections: the brain and spinal cord are protected by bone and meningeal coverings that compartmentalize infection; they are divided by barriers from the systemic circulation; they lack an intrinsic immune system; and they have a unique compact structure.
Optimal Lot Sizing, Process Quality Improvement and Setup Cost Reduction (1986)

This paper seeks to demonstrate that lower setup costs can benefit production systems by improving quality control. It does so by introducing a simple model that captures a significant relationship between quality and lot size: while producing a lot, the process can go "out of control" with a given probability each time it produces another item. Once out of control, the process produces defective units throughout its production of the current lot. The system incurs an extra cost for rework and related operations for each defective piece that it produces. Thus, there is an incentive to produce smaller lots, and have a smaller fraction of defective units. The paper also introduces three options for investing in quality improvements: (i) reducing the probability that the process moves out of control (which yields fewer defects, larger lot sizes, fewer setups, and larger holding costs); (ii) reducing setup costs (which yields smaller lot sizes, lower holding costs, and fewer defects); and (iii) simultaneously using the two previous options. By assuming a specific form of the investment cost function for each option, we explicitly obtain the optimal investment strategy. We also briefly discuss the sensitivity of these solutions to changes in underlying parameter values. A numerical example illustrates the results.
ZUR KENNTNIS ALIPHATISCHER CARBODIIMIDE X (1958)

Abstract Natriumchlorit kann zur Darstellung von Isothiocyanaten aus den zugehörigen Ammonium‐dithiocarbamaten sowie von Carbodiimiden aus N.N '‐disubstituierten Thioharnstoffen verwendet werden. Die Ausbeuten an Carbodiimiden und Isothiocyanaten betragen 70–90% der Theorie.
How to Test the Randomness from the Wireless Channel for Security? (2021)

We revisit the traditional framework of wireless secret key generation, where two parties leverage the wireless channel randomness to establish a secret key. The essence in the framework is to quantify channel randomness into bit sequences for key generation. Conducting randomness tests on such bit sequences has been a common practice to provide the confidence to validate whether they are random. Interestingly, despite different settings in the tests, existing studies interpret the results the same: passing tests means that the bit sequences are indeed random. In this paper, we investigate how to properly test the wireless channel randomness to ensure enough security strength and key generation efficiency. In particular, we define an adversary model that leverages the imperfect randomness of the wireless channel to search the generated key, and create a guideline to set up randomness testing and privacy amplification to eliminate security loss and achieve efficient key generation rate. We use theoretical analysis and comprehensive experiments to reveal that common practice misuses randomness testing and privacy amplification: (i) no security insurance of key strength, (ii) low efficiency of key generation rate. After revision by our guideline, security loss can be eliminated and key generation rate can be increased significantly.
The Open Reading Frame (ORF) 50a Gene Product Regulates ORF 57 Gene Expression in Herpesvirus Saimiri (1998)

We have previously demonstrated that open reading frame (ORF) 50 and ORF 57 encode transcriptional regulating genes in herpesvirus saimiri. ORF 50, a homolog of Epstein-Barr virus R protein, is a sequence-specific transactivator, whereas ORF 57 acts posttranscriptionally. In this report, we demonstrate that the ORF 57 gene is regulated by the ORF 50a gene product. We show that the ORF 57 gene is expressed at basal levels early in the virus replication cycle and that thereafter it is transactivated by the ORF 50a gene product, due to an increase in RNA levels. As it has been shown that the ORF 57 gene product downregulates ORF 50a due to the presence of its intron, these combined observations identify a feedback mechanism modulating gene expression in herpesvirus saimiri, whereby ORF 50a transcription is downregulated by the ORF 57 gene product, a gene which it specifically transactivates. Furthermore, we propose that the intron-containing ORF 57 gene downregulates itself by the same mechanism as that for ORF 50a, as both genes are downregulated at similar times during the replication cycle.
Life in the Suburbs - and the Inner City (2007)

Journalist and author Andrew West, in Inside the Lifestyles of the Rich and Tasteful, has gone inside the upper middle class to observe the customs, the privileges, the spending and preoccupations of Australia's well-to-do. On Thursday 22 March 2007, Andrew West addressed The Sydney Institute to share his impressions of what Australians really think.
[Effect of casein and protamine on the enzymatic degradation and the orally hypoglycemic action of insulin]. (2004)

Casein and protamine can increase the stability of INS in the intestinal fluid by the mechanism of competition and combine with proteolysis enzymes, which will benefit to INS oral administration.
제 3 회 한국키틴키토산연구회 심포지움 Proceeding : 키티산 올리고당 생산을 위한 미생물 효소 자원의 개발 (1998)

In order to obtain microbial endochitosanases for enzymatic production of high dp chitooligosaccharides from chitosan we screended 9 microbes which showed high chitinolytic activities. We tested the chitosanase activities of total 32 enzymes including 23 commercial enzymes and 9 crude enzymes produced by the microbes, in terms of the decreases in turbidity and viscosity of chitosan solution, the amount of pecipitation after neutralization, and reducing sugar-producing activity, after incubation with each enzyme. We selected Bacillus spp. P20, P21, and P30 as potential sources for production of endochitosanases to produce high dp chitooligosaccharides. Among them, enzyme produced by P2l was most potent and comparable to commercial enzyme E7. The culture supernatant of the strain P2l showed strong liquefaction activity and rapid decrease in viscosity of chitosan solution. By TLC and HPLC, chitooligosaccharides of dp 2-7 were separated and identified from the enzyme hydrolyzates of chitosn. The chitosanase from Bacillus sp. P2l was thus regarded as an endo-splitting and applicable to enzymatic production of high dp chitooligasaccharides from chitosan.
Design of binary LDPC code using cyclic shift matrices (2004)

An LDPC code structure using cyclic shift matrices and an efficient LDPC code construction algorithm using the characteristic matrix is proposed. It is shown that, with the proposed structure and construction algorithm, fast construction time, low encoding complexity and reduced memory without performance degradation can be achieved.
Transposition of the <i>lac</i> Region to the <i>gal</i> Region of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Chromosome: Isolation of λ <i>lac</i> Transducing Bacteriophages (1971)

Defective and plaque-forming lambdalac transducing phages have been isolated from bacterial strains in which the lactose operon has been genetically transposed to the galactose locus.
Antithrombin alfa in hereditary antithrombin deficient patients: A phase 3 study of prophylactic intravenous administration in high risk situations (2008)

During surgery and childbirth, patients with hereditary antithrombin (AT) deficiency are at high risk for thrombosis, and heparin prophylaxis may not be sufficiently efficacious. In these patients, exogenous AT may be used in association with heparin. A recombinant human AT (generic name: antithrombin alfa) has been developed. This multi-center study assessed the efficacy and safety of prophylactic intravenous administration of antithrombin alfa to hereditary AT deficient patients in high risk situations, including elective surgery, childbirth, or cesarean section. Antithrombin alfa was administered prior to and during the high risk period for restoration and maintenance of AT activity at 100% of normal. Heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and/or vitamin K antagonists were used according to standard of care. The primary efficacy endpoint was the incidence of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from baseline up to day 30 post dosing as assessed by independent central review of duplex ultrasonograms and/or venograms. Safety was assessed based on adverse events (AEs) and laboratory evaluations. Five surgical and nine obstetrical hereditary AT deficiency patients received antithrombin alfa for a mean period of seven days. No clinically overt DVT occurred. Central review of ultrasonograms identified signs of acute DVT in two out of 13 evaluable patients. No antithrombin alfa-related AEs were reported. No patient developed anti-antithrombin alfa antibodies. In conclusion, this study suggests that antithrombin alfa is a safe and effective alternative to human plasma-derived AT for treating hereditary AT deficiency patients at high risk for thromboembolic events.
Photodetector Arrays Directly Assembled onto Polymer Substrates from Aqueous Solution (2007)

We report a simple and inexpensive approach to directly assemble arrays of cadmium sulfide (CdS) semiconductors onto transparent flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) sheets via a polymer-mediated selective nucleation and growth process from an aqueous solution. This strategy of assembling functional materials onto plastics utilizes the surface functional molecules of the UV photooxidation patterned polymer to direct the nucleation and growth of CdS. We demonstrated that such assembled structures are viable for flexible macroelectronics, as manifested by the fabrication of CdS photodetector arrays on PET that can withstand bending. The best devices exhibited a specific detectivity of 3 x 10(11) cm Hz(1/2) W(-1) at 514-nm excitation wavelength at a modulation frequency of 90 Hz at room temperature. This direct assembly strategy eliminates additional lithography and etching steps during the deposition of the active inorganic semiconductor layer, is general to other inorganic materials and plastic substrates, and can enable low-cost, wearable, and/or disposable flexible electronics.
Vinyl Sulfone-Based Inhibitors of Nonstructural Protein 2 Block the Replication of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (2020)

Emerging infectious diseases like those caused by arboviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) pose a serious threat to public health systems. Development of medical countermeasures against emerging infectious diseases are of utmost importance. In this work, an acrylate and vinyl sulfone-based chemical series was investigated as promising starting scaffolds against VEEV and as inhibitors of the cysteine protease domain of VEEV's nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2). Primary screen and dose response studies were performed to evaluate the potency and cytotoxicity of the compounds. The results provide structural insights into a new class of potent nonpeptidic covalent inhibitors of nsP2 cysteine protease represented by compound <b>11</b> (VEEV TrD, EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.4 μM (HeLa), 1.6 μM (Vero E6)). These results may facilitate the evolution of the compounds into selective and broad-spectrum anti-alphaviral drug leads.
Computationally efficient bandwidth allocation and power control for ofdma (2003)

The paper studies the problem of finding an optimal subcarrier and power allocation strategy for downlink communication to multiple users in an orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing-based wireless system. The problem of minimizing total power consumption with constraints on bit-error rate and transmission rate for users requiring different classes of service is formulated and simple algorithms with good performance are derived. The problem of joint allocation is divided into two steps. In the first step, the number of subcarriers that each user gets is determined based on the users' average signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithm is shown to find the distribution of subcarriers that minimizes the total power required when every user experiences a flat-fading channel. In the second stage of the algorithm, it finds the best assignment of subcarriers to users. Two different approaches are presented, the rate-craving greedy algorithm and the amplitude-craving greedy algorithm. A single cell with one base station and many mobile stations is considered. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed low complexity algorithms offer comparable performance with an existing iterative algorithm.
Photosensitization by 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide: specific disruption of microtubules and inactivation of organelle motility. (1995)

Photodynamic therapy is a useful new direction for cancer treatment. However, relatively little is currently known about the cellular targets and processes underlying the efficacy of these therapies. In this study, we report evidence of specific photosensitization of a novel intracellular target, cytoskeletal microtubules, that has great importance for cancer treatment. Photosensitization destroys microtubules, halts intracellular organelle motility processes, and leads to rapid cell death. We have examined the cell biological effects of photosensitization with the carbocyanine dye 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide, which concentrates in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Exposure of stained CV-1 kidney epithelial cells to as little as 30-120 s standard fluorescence excitation light caused disruption of the interphase microtubule network and complete inhibition of motility of the endoplasmic reticulum and all phase-contrast visible organelles, as specific effects of dye photoexcitation. Photoexcitation of rhodamine 123 or Hoechst produced neither of these effects. Furthermore, 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide-mediated photodamage was specific to microtubules; other elements of the cytoskeleton, including vimentin intermediate filaments and actin stress fibers, were unaffected. We have reproduced the photoinactivation of microtubules in vitro with purified microtubule proteins.
Zur Kenntnis homologer Alkohole der Terpen‐ und Sesquiterpenreihe X. Synthese Des (+)‐3‐Hydroxymethyl‐Δ<sup>4</sup>‐Carens (1958)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese des (+)‐3‐Hydroxymethyl‐Δ 4 ‐carens (II) durch säurekatalysierte Addition von (+)‐Δ 3 ‐Caren (I) an Formaldehyd beschrieben. Die katalytische Hydrierung von II führt zum (‐)‐3‐Hydroxymethylcaran (III), das als Ausgangsmaterial für Synthesen in der Caran‐Reihe verwendet wird. Es werden die IR‐Spektren der neuen Verbindungen angegeben und die Zuordnungsmöglichkeiten von Absorptionsbanden zum vollständig substituierten Cyclopropanring diskutiert.
Analog compilation based on successive decompositions (1988)

This paper describes an approach to silicon compilation of analog functional blocks and the physical assembly of mixed analog and digital blocks. The initial driving applications are High Voltage ASICs. Details of behavior to layout synthesis, or decompositions, are presented together with the results from an implementation of the compiler. The compiler has been used to compile CMOS operational amplifiers. Results and examples are given in which device sizes, bias currents and layout are obtained from performance specifications and process parameters.
Spatio-Temporal Feature-Extraction Techniques for Isolated Gesture Recognition in Arabic Sign Language (2007)

This paper presents various spatio-temporal feature-extraction techniques with applications to online and offline recognitions of isolated Arabic Sign Language gestures. The temporal features of a video-based gesture are extracted through forward, backward, and bidirectional predictions. The prediction errors are thresholded and accumulated into one image that represents the motion of the sequence. The motion representation is then followed by spatial-domain feature extractions. As such, the temporal dependencies are eliminated and the whole video sequence is represented by a few coefficients. The linear separability of the extracted features is assessed, and its suitability for both parametric and nonparametric classification techniques is elaborated upon. The proposed feature-extraction scheme was complemented by simple classification techniques, namely, K nearest neighbor (KNN) and Bayesian, i.e., likelihood ratio, classifiers. Experimental results showed classification performance ranging from 97% to 100% recognition rates. To validate our proposed technique, we have conducted a series of experiments using the classical way of classifying data with temporal dependencies, namely, hidden Markov models (HMMs). Experimental results revealed that the proposed feature-extraction scheme combined with simple KNN or Bayesian classification yields comparable results to the classical HMM-based scheme. Moreover, since the proposed scheme compresses the motion information of an image sequence into a single image, it allows for using simple classification techniques where the temporal dimension is eliminated. This is actually advantageous for both computational and storage requirements of the classifier.
The one‐bead two‐compound assay for solid phase screening of combinatorial libraries (2002)

Abstract Fluorescent quenched substrate libraries are a very powerful tool for investigation of protease activity and specificity. Particularly, libraries where the fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair is 3‐nitrotyrosine and 2‐amino‐benzamide are easy to prepare by split and combine synthesis to yield a one‐bead one‐compound library format. The solid support is critical for the successful hydrolysis of the resin‐bound substrates. For this purpose, a range of highly porous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based resins have been developed. Active substrates yield highly fluorescent beads and these are selected under a fluorescence microscope or isolated on a bead sorter. Edman sequence analysis yields the substrate sequence, the cleavage point, and the degree of conversion. The method gives a complete map of the substrate specificity, and substrates with high affinity for the active site can be selected. These may in turn be used as inhibition indicators in a second solid phase library assay for enzyme inhibition where each single bead is transformed into an assay container. The substrate is attached to temporarily shielded functional groups after completion of inhibitor library synthesis. By using a photolabile linker and ladder synthesis, the active inhibitors may be rapidly identified by mass spectrometry. In each bead, the putative inhibitor competes with the substrate attached for binding to the enzyme, and when the inhibitor binds strongly, the substrate remains intact and quenched. Thus dark beads indicate inhibitors, and these may be isolated using a bead‐sorter and the structure determined by mass spectrometry. A selection of the best substrates and inhibitors should always be resynthesized for solution kinetics and confirmation of the results obtained on solid support. The inhibitor assay is almost free from false positives, which is a consequence of combining the binding of the protease to the inhibitor with observation of activity toward a FRET substrate. The K i of the identified inhibitors are typically in the nM range. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 93–100, 2002
Comparison of rotor flux and reactive power based MRAS rotor resistance estimators for Vector Controlled Induction Motor drive (2012)

In this paper, a detailed study of the performance of rotor flux and reactive power based MRAS rotor resistance estimators for Vector Controlled Induction Motor drive is presented. The rotor resistance changes significantly during operation of the drive due to temperature rise and saturation. This variation has a major influence on the performance of the field oriented control of induction motor drive. The MRAS approach using reactive power as a functional candidate for rotor resistance estimation makes it computationally simpler, easy to design when compared to the other methods available for rotor resistance estimation. In this paper, two types of MRAS methods using flux and reactive power based rotor resistance estimation technique for Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive is designed and validated through MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation. The performance of Vector Controlled Induction Motor drive with MRAS based rotor resistance estimators are analysed extensively. The comparison shows the superiority of the reactive power based Rr estimator in terms of accuracy, settling time, and stator resistance dependency. The results obtained are presented.