gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal question answering for mobile devices (2008)

This paper introduces multimodal question answering, a new interface for community-based question answering services. By offering users an extra modality---photos---in addition to the text modality to formulate queries, multimodal question answering overcomes the limitations of text-only input methods when the users ask questions regarding visually distinctive objects. Such interface is especially useful when users become curious about an interesting object in the environment and want to know about it---simply by taking a photo and asking a question in a situated (from a mobile device) and intuitive (without describing the object in words) manner. We propose a system architecture for multimodal question answering, describe an algorithm for searching the database, and report on the findings of two prototype studies.
Key findings to expedite the diagnosis of hyper‐IgE syndromes in infants and young children (2015)

Differentiating HIES from other diseases such as atopic dermatitis early in life is essential for patients because treatment modalities differ. To expedite the diagnosis process, we propose here a diagnostic workflow.
Optimization of Stirring Parameters Through Numerical Simulation for the Preparation of Aluminum Matrix Composite by Stir Casting Process (2010)

The flow behavior of the fluid has a significant effect on the particle distribution in the solid-liquid mixing vessel. The stir casting process is generally conducted in a closed crucible, in which the flow pattern is invisible. Therefore, numerical simulation is a forceful tool to guide the experimental research. In the present study, the fluid flow in the stirred crucible during stir casting has been simulated using finite element method. The effects of some important stirring process parameters, such as the blade angle, rotating speed, the diameter of the impeller, and the stirrer geometry, on the flowing characteristics of the molten matrix have been investigated in order to achieve the effective flow pattern to uniformly disperse the ceramic particles in the molten matrix. The simulation results show that the process parameters have significant effects on the flow behavior of the fluid in the stirred crucible. The various combinations of these parameters are beneficial to generate a suitable condition for the composite casting. Further experimental investigation reveals that the present work can provide a guide for the industrial preparation of aluminum matrix composite with a uniform particle reinforcement distribution by stir casting process.
Compact electron accelerator for pumping gas lasers (1976)

A description is given of the design and application of a simple e-beam generator for the repetitive pulse pumping of gas lasers. The circuit uses a low inductance Marx and series tuned pulse forming elements.
Improved regularized phase-tracking technique for the processing of squared-grating deflectograms (2000)

We propose a robust procedure based on the regularized phase-tracking (RPT) technique to demodulate squared-grating deflectograms. The use of squared gratings, already reported, lets us multiplex the information of the deflections in two orthogonal directions in a single image, thus avoiding the necessity of rotating the gratings. The good noise-rejection characteristics of the RPT technique are improved by use of a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm and a quality-map-based algorithm for the crystal-growing process.
Treatment, risk factors, and outcome of adults with relapsed AML after reduced intensity conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2011)

Because information on management and outcome of AML relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) is scarce, a retrospective registry study was performed by the Acute Leukemia Working Party of EBMT. Among 2815 RIC transplants performed for AML in complete remission (CR) between 1999 and 2008, cumulative incidence of relapse was 32% ± 1%. Relapsed patients (263) were included into a detailed analysis of risk factors for overall survival (OS) and building of a prognostic score. CR was reinduced in 32%; remission duration after transplantation was the only prognostic factor for response (P = .003). Estimated 2-year OS from relapse was 14%, thereby resembling results of AML relapse after standard conditioning. Among variables available at the time of relapse, remission after HSCT > 5 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.67, P < .001), bone marrow blasts less than 27% (HR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.40-0.72, P < .001), and absence of acute GVHD after HSCT (HR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.49-0.93, P = .017) were associated with better OS. Based on these factors, 3 prognostic groups could be discriminated, showing OS of 32% ± 7%, 19% ± 4%, and 4% ± 2% at 2 years (P < .0001). Long-term survival was achieved almost exclusively after successful induction of CR by cytoreductive therapy, followed either by donor lymphocyte infusion or second HSCT for consolidation.
Active Site Directed Inhibition of Estrone Sulfatase by Nonsteroidal Coumarin Sulfamates (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTActive Site Directed Inhibition of Estrone Sulfatase by Nonsteroidal Coumarin SulfamatesL. W. Lawrence Woo, Atul Purohit, Michael J. Reed, and Barry V. L. PotterView Author Information Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K., and Unit of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, U.K. Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 7, 1349–1351Publication Date (Web):March 29, 1996Publication History Received21 December 1995Published online29 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm950931zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm950931zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views578Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Aromatic compounds,Cancer,Inhibition,Inhibitors Get e-Alerts
Fundamentals of memory switching in vertical polycrystalline silicon structures (1985)

The fundamentals of memory switching in vertical LPCVD polysilicon structures have been investigated. In the initial state, 4-70 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> devices exhibit effective resistances (at 5 V) in the high megaohm range, with current transport via thermionic emission of electrons over grain boundary potential barriers. An increase in conductance by approximately five orders of magnitude is achieved by a 10-20 V programming pulse of tens of microseconds duration with a few milliamps of current required. A moderately doped filamentary region is created, exhibiting single-crystal silicon transport phenomena. With regard to practical device fabrication, control of thin film interactions is critical. Barrier layers are employed to suppress Al-Si interaction at the top contact and to decrease the effective grain size of the polysilicon film by limiting the epitaxial realignment of the grains near the single-crystal substrate.
TFEB regulates lysosomal positioning by modulating TMEM55B expression and JIP4 recruitment to lysosomes (2017)

Lysosomal distribution is linked to the role of lysosomes in many cellular functions, including autophagosome degradation, cholesterol homeostasis, antigen presentation, and cell invasion. Alterations in lysosomal positioning contribute to different human pathologies, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and lysosomal storage diseases. Here we report the identification of a novel mechanism of lysosomal trafficking regulation. We found that the lysosomal transmembrane protein TMEM55B recruits JIP4 to the lysosomal surface, inducing dynein-dependent transport of lysosomes toward the microtubules minus-end. TMEM55B overexpression causes lysosomes to collapse into the cell center, whereas depletion of either TMEM55B or JIP4 results in dispersion toward the cell periphery. TMEM55B levels are transcriptionally upregulated following TFEB and TFE3 activation by starvation or cholesterol-induced lysosomal stress. TMEM55B or JIP4 depletion abolishes starvation-induced retrograde lysosomal transport and prevents autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Overall our data suggest that the TFEB/TMEM55B/JIP4 pathway coordinates lysosome movement in response to a variety of stress conditions.
Functional Assessment of the <i>Medicago truncatula</i> NIP/LATD Protein Demonstrates That It Is a High-Affinity Nitrate Transporter   (2012)

The Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD (for Numerous Infections and Polyphenolics/Lateral root-organ Defective) gene encodes a protein found in a clade of nitrate transporters within the large NRT1(PTR) family that also encodes transporters of dipeptides and tripeptides, dicarboxylates, auxin, and abscisic acid. Of the NRT1(PTR) members known to transport nitrate, most are low-affinity transporters. Here, we show that M. truncatula nip/latd mutants are more defective in their lateral root responses to nitrate provided at low (250 μm) concentrations than at higher (5 mm) concentrations; however, nitrate uptake experiments showed no discernible differences in uptake in the mutants. Heterologous expression experiments showed that MtNIP/LATD encodes a nitrate transporter: expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes conferred upon the oocytes the ability to take up nitrate from the medium with high affinity, and expression of MtNIP/LATD in an Arabidopsis chl1(nrt1.1) mutant rescued the chlorate susceptibility phenotype. X. laevis oocytes expressing mutant Mtnip-1 and Mtlatd were unable to take up nitrate from the medium, but oocytes expressing the less severe Mtnip-3 allele were proficient in nitrate transport. M. truncatula nip/latd mutants have pleiotropic defects in nodulation and root architecture. Expression of the Arabidopsis NRT1.1 gene in mutant Mtnip-1 roots partially rescued Mtnip-1 for root architecture defects but not for nodulation defects. This suggests that the spectrum of activities inherent in AtNRT1.1 is different from that possessed by MtNIP/LATD, but it could also reflect stability differences of each protein in M. truncatula. Collectively, the data show that MtNIP/LATD is a high-affinity nitrate transporter and suggest that it could have another function.
Certain Trialkylated Benzenes and their Compounds with Aluminum Chloride and with Aluminum Bromide (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCertain Trialkylated Benzenes and their Compounds with Aluminum Chloride and with Aluminum BromideJames F. Norris and John N. IngrahamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 5, 1298–1301Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01862a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01862a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical and Biologic Response to Clozapine in Patients With Schizophrenia (1992)

Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia who met criteria for neuroleptic treatment resistance or intolerance participated in a crossover, placebo-controlled, double-blind comparison of long-term typical neuroleptic and clozapine treatment. Clozapine significantly reduced total as well as positive and negative symptoms in comparison with both fluphenazine and placebo. Of the 21 patients, eight (38%) showed clozapine superiority on the basis of prospective response criteria. High levels of extrapyramidal side effects during fluphenazine treatment and later onset of illness were clinical predictors of clozapine superiority. Clozapine and fluphenazine equally reduced plasma homovanillic acid levels in comparison with placebo, although fluphenazine but not clozapine increased plasma prolactin level. A striking biologic difference between clozapine and fluphenazine was clozapine's enhancement of indexes of noradrenergic activity. Superior clozapine response was predicted by low ratios of cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, consistent with the notion that balance between dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems is important for clozapine's mechanism of action.
Joint analysis of non-concurrent magnetic resonance imaging and diffuse optical tomography of breast cancer (2007)

We have developed a novel method for combining non-concurrent MR and DOT data, which integrates advanced multimodal registration and segmentation algorithms within a well-defined workflow. The method requires little user interaction, is computationally efficient for practical applications, and enables joint MR/DOT analysis. The method presents additional advantages: More flexibility than integrated MR/DOT imaging systems, The ability to independently develop a standalone DOT system without the stringent limitations imposed by the MRI device environment, Enhancement of sensitivity and specificity for breast tumor detection, Combined analysis of structural and functional data, Enhancement of DOT data reconstruction through the use of MR-derived a priori structural information. We have conducted an initial patient study which asks an important question: how can functional information on a tumor obtained from DOT data be combined with the anatomy of that tumor derived from MRI data? The study confirms that tumor areas in the patient breasts exhibit significantly higher total hemoglobin concentration (THC) than their surroundings. The results show significance in intra-patient THC variations, and justify the use of our normalized difference measure defined as the distance from the average THC inside the breast, to the average THC inside the tumor volume in terms of the THC standard deviation inside the breast. This method contributes to the long-term goal of enabling standardized direct comparison of MRI and DOT and facilitating validation of DOT imaging methods in clinical studies.
Digoxin-Like Immunoreactive Factors Induce Apoptosis in Human Acute T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2007)

DLIF selectively induces apoptosis in a human acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line but not in K-562 cells or PBMCs. These data suggest a new physiological role for these endogenous hormone-like factors.
An Investigation Into the Role of Lead as a Suppressant for Tin Whisker Growth in Electronics (2014)

The effect on Sn electrodeposits of up to 10 wt.% codeposited Pb was investigated. The influence of Pb on cathodic polarization of the electrodeposition process, the microstructural and crystallographic characteristics of as-deposited films, the Sn-Cu intermetallic compound (IMC) formation between the deposits and Cu substrate and surface oxidation after ambient storage were examined. During electrodeposition, the plumbous (Pb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ) ions were observed to inhibit stannous (Sn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ) ion reduction. The use of a metallographic cross sectioning approach enabled the observation of a grain structure evolution toward a more equiaxed morphology with increasing Pb content. This was accompanied by a duplex-phase structure consisting of isolated Pb-rich particles at grain boundary intersections together with a continuous Sn-rich phase. X-ray diffraction measurements corroborate the existence of the duplex-phase structure and also indicate an as-deposited texture transition from (112) through (200) and further toward (220) with an increase in Pb content from 0 to 8 wt.%. A marked topological transition of the interfacial Cu-Sn IMCs from wedge-shaped and discretely distributed to relatively even and uniformly distributed was found to occur concurrently. After tin whisker growth had occurred from low-Pb content (up to 5 wt.%) electrodeposits on brass, Pb was generally observed to be strongly associated with actual Sn whiskers themselves, thus the spontaneous redistribution of Pb after electrodeposition has been evidenced. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sputter profiling indicates the absence of Pb in the Sn oxide layer and the enrichment of metallic Pb beneath the Sn oxide from a 90Sn-10Pb deposit ambient stored for 270 days. The whisker-inhibiting effect of Pb codeposition is postulated to emanate from more than one source: not only those reflected in grain structure modification, grain texture transition, and changes in the growth mode of the interfacial Cu-Sn IMCs as prevailingly acknowledged, but also significantly, the universal distribution of the soft Pb-rich phase, providing simultaneous diffusion toward potential whisker sites as well as effective strain dissipation.
Inhibition of Myosin Light Chain Kinase, cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase, Protein Kinase C and of Plant Ca<sup><b>2⊕</b></sup>-Dependent Protein Kinase by Anthraquinones (1992)

A variety of anthraquinone (anthracene-9,10-dione) derivatives inhibits rat brain Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-activated protein kinase C (PKC) of which the most potent inhibitors are mitoxantrone (1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[2-(hydroxyethylamino)-ethylamino]-9,10- anthracenedione) (IC50 4 microM) and quinalizarin (1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy-anthraquinone (IC50 4 microM). Anthraquinone derivatives with less polar substitution in positions 1 to 4 and 5 to 8 are less effective as inhibitors of PKC. Wheat germ Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) assayed with a myosin light chain-based peptide substrate is much less sensitive to inhibition by anthraquinones, the most effective anthraquinone inhibitors being the 1,2,4-trihydroxy (IC50 14 microM), 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl (IC50 56 microM) and 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy (IC50 65 microM) derivatives. Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of di-, tri- and tetrahydroxylated anthraquinones (IC50 values 2 to 53 microM), the most potent inhibitors being the more polar compounds, namely mitoxantrone (IC50 2 microM) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) (IC50 8 microM). Mitoxantrone interacts with calmodulin as determined from abolition of Ca(2+)-dependent fluorescence enhancement of dansyl-calmodulin (IC50 4 microM). A range of anthraquinone derivatives inhibits the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK). In a number of cases compounds acting as potent inhibitors of MLCK (such as mitoxantrone and emodin) are very poor inhibitors of cAK and vice versa.
Molecular cloning of complementary DNAs encoding two cationic peroxidases from cultivated peanut cells. (1990)

We have isolated, cloned, and characterized two cDNAs corresponding to the mRNAs for cationic peroxidases synthesized by cultured peanut cells. The first clone was obtained from a phage lambda gt11 library screened with antibodies directed against the major secreted isozyme. Its predicted amino acid sequence, deduced from the 1228-base-pair (bp) cDNA, revealed a 22-amino acid signal peptide and a 294-amino acid mature protein (Mr, 31,228). The second clone was isolated from a lambda gt10 library screened with oligonucleotides corresponding to the regions for acid/base catalysis and the fifth ligand of heme. This cDNA (1344 bp) encodes a protein (330 amino acids) with a mature peptide of 307 residues (Mr, 32,954). The two peanut peroxidases are 46% homologous. The estimated gene copy numbers of these peroxidases might be close to 1 or 2 per haploid genome. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of these peanut peroxidases with other known isozymes shows two already known regions of homology (the region for acid/base catalysis and the fifth ligand of heme). Moreover, some new characteristics appeared such as a glycosylation site identical in five of the seven isozymes, a putative antigenic determinant common to all the isozymes, and a region of the highest homology. A secondary structure prediction showed that it corresponds to a 16-amino acid helix linked to the next one by a long stretch of beta strands and coils and might represent a critical structural element.
Introduction (2008)

Since 1989, when democracy's third wave began its sweep across Africa, over fifty-seven new constitutions have been adopted in forty-one African countries. And yet only a handful of these have laid the groundwork for more democratic states. This stunning statistic leads us to ask: Why has African constitutionalism failed so consistently? The answer seems to lie in the fact that successful democratic transitions depend not just on reformulating the rules that govern society by writing new constitutions, but on establishing governmental and institutional legitimacy. After years of centralized rule and routine abuse of power, the challenges to establishing legitimate postcolonial states are immense. While the sovereign National Conference of Benin remains a landmark event that cleared the path for democratic transitions in several Francophone states, the memory of Zaire weighs heavily as an example of elite manipulation of the constitutional conference that was to liberalize that famously corrupt state. Since the collapse of Mobutu Sese Seko's regime, the people of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire) have been besieged by a devastating conflict that has taken nearly four million lives to date. This conflict was exacerbated by the genocide into which Rwanda plunged in 1994 as a result of attempts to democratize the deeply divided country.KeywordsDemocratic GovernmentDemocratic TransitionInstitutional LegitimacyConstitutional DevelopmentAfrican PoliticsThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.