gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of High-Voltage Field Effects in End Column Electrochemical Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis by Use of On-Chip Microband Electrodes (2001)

The influence of the separation voltage on end column electrochemical detection (EC) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been investigated using an electrochemical detector chip based on an array of microband electrodes. It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that the effect of the CE electric field on the detection can be practically eliminated, without using a decoupler, by positioning the reference electrode sufficiently close to the working electrode. In the present study, this was demonstrated by using an experimental setup in which neighboring microband electrodes on a chip, positioned 30 microns from the end of the CE capillary, were used as working and reference electrodes, respectively. The short distance (i.e., 10 microns) between the working and reference electrode ensured that both of the electrodes were very similarly affected by the presence of the CE electric field. With this experimental setup, no significant influence of the CE voltage on the peak potentials for gold oxide reduction could be seen for CE voltages up to +30 kV. The detector noise level was also found to be reduced.
Model-based diagnosis and control reconfiguration for discrete event systems: an integrated approach (2003)

We describe an approach to automate the dynamic computation of optimal control/reconfiguration actions that can achieve pre-specified control objectives. This approach, based on model-based diagnostic representations and algorithms, integrates diagnostics and control reconfiguration for discrete event systems using a single modeling mechanism and suite of algorithms. When the system functionality degrades (i.e., failures occur in the systems), the diagnostic algorithm will isolate the most likely failures, and then the control mechanism will generate the least-cost actions that attempt to recover from the failure and maintain the control objectives. Results about the quality of the control actions generated and the complexity of computing these actions ate also presented. We illustrate our approach using a simple wireless sensor network.
Pathology of Immunodeficient Mice With Naturally Occurring Murine Norovirus Infection (2006)

Murine norovirus (MNV) was recently discovered in Rag2-/-/Stat1-/- mice in a U.S. medical research facility. Presently, little is known concerning the epidemiology and natural history of this virus. We studied the pathology of naturally occurring MNV infection in 28 immunodeficient mice of several different genotypes (Rag1-/-/IFNgamma R-/-, OT1 Rag1-/-/IFNgamma R-/-, OT2 Rag1-/-/IFNgamma R-/-, Rag1-/-/Stat1-/-, and Rag2-/-) that were maintained in two U.S. research facilities. The mice were selected for study because sentinel mice housed in their holding rooms had been identified as positive for MNV-specific antibodies during routine screening for infectious agents. Our data indicate that in certain lines of immunodeficient mice, MNV can establish a disseminated infection that is characteristically associated with inflammation in multiple tissues, including liver (hepatitis), lung (focal interstitial pneumonia) and the peritoneal and pleural cavities. In addition, MNV can establish an asymptomatic infection in the mesenteric lymph nodes of Rag2-/- mice. Further studies are needed to determine whether MNV presents a confounding variable in immunological, toxicological and pathological studies in mice naturally infected with MNV.
On computing mobile agent routes for data fusion in distributed sensor networks (2004)

The problem of computing a route for a mobile agent that incrementally fuses the data as it visits the nodes in a distributed sensor network is considered. The order of nodes visited along the route has a significant impact on the quality and cost of fused data, which, in turn, impacts the main objective of the sensor network, such as target classification or tracking. We present a simplified analytical model for a distributed sensor network and formulate the route computation problem in terms of maximizing an objective function, which is directly proportional to the received signal strength and inversely proportional to the path loss and energy consumption. We show this problem to be NP-complete and propose a genetic algorithm to compute an approximate solution by suitably employing a two-level encoding scheme and genetic operators tailored to the objective function. We present simulation results for networks with different node sizes and sensor distributions, which demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm over two existing heuristics, namely, local closest first and global closest first methods.
User-centric Web crawling (2005)

La difficulté à trouver de l'information sur le Web croît et ceci même pour les plus experts des utilisateurs. Afin de mieux comprendre comment recherchent les internautes, nous avons observé cinq adultes et quatre enfants. Des protocoles d'observation différents, présentant tous deux des recherches imposées et libres, ont été définis pour les enfants et les adultes. Nous avons pu définir un certain nombre de comportements, d'attitudes et de difficultés. Le résultat de ces observations ainsi que l'analyse des comportements sont présentés dans ce papier dans le but d'introduire la contribution des services Web dans l'aide à l'accès à l'information et à la recherche sur le Web.ABSTRACT.The difficulty of finding information on the Web grows and this even for the most experts.In order to better understand how search the Net surfers, we observed five adults and four children.Two different protocols of observation, both presenting imposed and free searches, were defined for the children and the adults.Thus, we could define a certain number of behaviours, attitudes and difficulties.The result of these observations as well as the analysis of the behaviours are presented in this paper in order to introduce the contribution of Web services in the improvement of information access and Web searching.
Desktop Videoconferencing: Experiences of Complete Users, (1998)

This longitudinal case study examines the use of desktop videoconferencing in one organization. Three theoretical perspectives, communication media choice, systems analysis and design, and privacy, help to inform the findings. The paper concludes by drawing implications for future research and practice.
A nationwide, retrospective, data-linkage, cohort study of epilepsy and incident dementia (2020)

PWE compared to those without epilepsy have an increased dementia risk.
Residual kinetic imaging: a versatile interface for prosthetic control (2005)

We studied the pressure patterns in the residual limbs of transradial amputees during their voluntary commands for finger taps. Topographic maps of pressures exerted against the hard prosthetic socket were registered with an array of 32 pressure sensors, to produce residual kinetic images (RKIs) of the limb. Results with 2 untrained subjects demonstrated that RKIs are reliable decoders of efferent commands. Coupled with a trained filter, RKIs can provide biomimetic control over multiple degrees of freedom.
An extended Kalman filter approach to rotor time constant measurement in PWM induction motor drives (1992)

A rotor time constant estimation technique for the purpose of updating the control gains of an induction motor field-oriented controller is described. An extended Kalman filter is employed to estimate the inverse rotor time constant online only using measurements of the stator voltages and currents and rotor speed of an induction motor. The motor is driven by a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverter with or without current feedback loops. By utilizing the wideband harmonic contents inherent in conventional PWM voltage waveforms, no external random test signal is required for parameter estimation. Both computer simulation and experimental results show that the filter is capable of estimating the rotor time constant while the rotor speed is either constant or time varying.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Switch-mode voltage-doubler rectifier with symmetrical arrangement of capacitors for pumping action (2005)

A novel switch-mode voltage-doubler rectifier for single-phase supply is presented. It consists of diode bridge circuit and pump circuit with symmetrical arrangement of capacitors. The capacitors with energy storage/transfer capability are charged and discharged by employing the active power semiconductor devices. The rectifier can be operated in the switch mode for pumping action to pump twice the peak supply voltage into the output capacitor and for forcing the input current to follow its sinusoidal reference independent of the working conditions. The prototype tested, using two dual-IGBT power modules, has been implemented to investigate the operation with a PI controller for output voltage regulation. Experimental and simulated results are provided to verify the expected performance in both steady-state and transient conditions.
Pseudo-particle modeling for gas flow in microchannels (2007)

为从 0.01 ～ 0.20 的 Knudsen 数字，速度侧面和煤气的流动 inmicrochannels 的温度分布与 pseudo-particlemodeling (PPM ) 被调查。速度侧面被 Knudsen 数字和地使用了的外部力量主要影响，这被发现了。当 Knudsen 数字被增加时，墙上的 slip 速度在开始增加了，然后减少。温度分布被外部力量显著地也影响。与 increasingKnudsen 数字增加的 Darcy 磨擦因素，和它有在增加的 Knudsen 数字下面的马赫数字的变化类似于在实验观察的叫 theso 的早熟的 laminar 狂暴的转变。
Enhanced algorithms for consistent network updates (2015)

The basic algorithm that consistently updates the switches of a Software Defined Network while preserving the update property of per-packet consistency is the two-phase update. The two-phase update is underspecified on two matters: 1) how to detect when the last packet of the old rule set has left the network and therefore exactly when to delete the old rules 2) recoverability of the update. Recoverability ensures that those updates for which the two-phase algorithm is not completely executed do not change the semantics of those updates for which the algorithm is completely executed. This paper examines the failures that can occur during an update and how to handle a subset of those failures. It proposes an algorithm, enhancing the two-phase update to handle deletion of old rules and recoverability. It also specifies how to effectively use a software cache to supplement the TCAM, during an update. The paper extends the same algorithm for per-flow consistent updates, using a restricted number of exact-match rules for existing flows and specifying when to delete the exact-match rules. The two algorithms are also specified for switches that do not support a software cache. The paper also analyzes the algorithms quantitatively, identifying the parameters of interest and what they depend upon.
Calcium and Zinc Retention From Protein Hydrolysate Formulas in Suckling Rhesus Monkeys (1992)

Calcium and zinc bioavailability was high from formulas based on milk protein hydrolysate, but was considerably lower from soy hydrolysates. Higher levels of calcium and zinc provided in soy hydrolysate formula compensated for the lower bioavailability and resulted in similar amounts of calcium and zinc retained.
Enhanced Diffusion of Impurities and Defects in Crystals in Conditions of Ultrasonic and Radiative Excitation of the Crystal Lattice (1993)

Abstract On the basis of the quantum theory of diffusion the influence of crystal lattice excitations (ultrasonic, nuclear irradiation) on the diffusion of impurity atoms is analysed. The effects considered in the paper are determined by two factors: the change of population of the impurity oscillator levels due to interaction with nonequilibrium excitations of the crystal lattice, and the changé of the probability of diffusion transitions on the given level. The effects are qualitatively different for heavy impurity atoms whose diffusion is enhanced in nonequilibrium conditions and for light impurity atoms for which the effect of additional localization is possible.
Serum Concentrations of Salicylic Acid following Topically Applied Salicylate Derivatives (1996)

A considerable amount of salicylic acid may be absorbed through the skin after topical application of methyl salicylate products and this may increase with multiple applications. Caution is warranted in patients for whom systemic salicylate may be hazardous or problematic.
Principal trends in the chemistry of amidinate complexes of main-group and transition elements (2006)

Principal trends in modern organometallic chemistry of transition and main group elements containing amidinate ligands are analysed. The nature of element–amidinate ligand bonding inferred from the X-ray structural data and computational studies is discussed. Synthesis and reactivity of Group 1–15 metal amidinate complexes are reviewed. Particular emphasis is drawn to the use of amidinate complexes as catalysts for olefin polymerisation and organic synthesis. Prospects in the development in this area of chemistry are suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: Boryl Complexes of Ruthenium and Osmium (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Architectures for transactional memory (2009)

Engineers have successfully worked for decades to improve single thread CPU performance, but we have now reached a peak in what a single thread can do. Average programmers are now facing the eventuality that their code must be parallel to take advantage of the performance potential of multi-core chips.
Unfortunately, writing parallel programs is hard because synchronizing accesses to shared state is complex and error-prone—many techniques have been tried, but achieving performance and correctness simultaneously still requires expert programmers, and the method of choice is decades old (locks). Transactional Memory (TM) is a relatively new programming paradigm promising an easier road to correctness and performance using atomic code regions. These regions may then be speculatively executed in parallel, potentially providing performance gains. 
This dissertation focuses on architecting and evaluating hardware TM systems. We begin by briefly arguing that TM should be implemented in hardware, since proposed software solutions suffer from poor performance. We then study qualitatively and quantitatively the large design space for hardware TM as defined by primary options such as version management and conflict detection, and vary the secondary options such as the structure of the memory hierarchy, the instructions per cycle, and the configuration of the interconnect. Orthogonally, we determine the semantics and interfaces needed by any hardware TM system to support rich software functionality in modern operating systems and programming languages. Finally, we extend hardware support for transactional execution to create a multi-core architecture that provides cache coherence and memory consistency at the granularity of atomic transactions. 
We conclude that programs written with transactional memory can achieve comparable to and often superior performance than the same programs written with traditional synchronization methods. Furthermore, a transactional architecture implementing lazy versioning and optimistic conflict detection is the preferred method of implementing TM in hardware due to its simplicity and good performance across a wide range of contention scenarios. Also, to support rich semantics, you need four mechanisms: two-phase transaction commit, software handlers, nested transactions, and non-transactional loads and stores. Finally, a continuously transactional architecture called Transactional Coherence and Consistency (TCC) maintains performance benefits while simplifying the hardware implementation of TM.
Secure Trust-Based Blockchain Architecture to Prevent Attacks in VANET (2019)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are also known as intelligent transportation systems. VANET ensures timely and accurate communications between vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) to improve road safety and enhance the efficiency of traffic flow. Due to its open wireless boundary and high mobility, VANET is vulnerable to malicious nodes that could gain access into the network and carry out serious medium access control (MAC) layer threats, such as denial of service (DoS) attacks, data modification attacks, impersonation attacks, Sybil attacks, and replay attacks. This could affect the network security and privacy, causing harm to the information exchange within the network by genuine nodes and increase fatal impacts on the road. Therefore, a novel secure trust-based architecture that utilizes blockchain technology has been proposed to increase security and privacy to mitigate the aforementioned MAC layer attacks. A series of experiment has been conducted using the Veins simulation tool to assess the performance of the proposed solution in the terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, packet loss, transmission overhead, and computational cost.
Characterization of the Leaf Epidermis of Barley (Hordeum vulgareL. 'Himalaya') (1997)

The cell types of mature leaves of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Himalaya’) are described. Blade and sheath epidermal cell types were characterized according to their position relative to the veins, stomatal rows, and sclerenchyma cells. Cells over veins were further classified according to the size of vein. Cell lengths of the approx. 15 different cell types ranged from approximately 50 μm to over 2 mm. The principal difference in cell length between the abaxial and adaxial surfaces was seen for cells lying between the veins; on the adaxial surface these cells (bulliform cells) were about 200 μm long whereas those on the abaxial surface were over 2 mm in length. Total file number across the blade width was the same on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. However, there were more cells lying over veins than between veins on the adaxial surface, and vice versa for the abaxial surface. The detailed description of leaf epidermal cell types of barley in this study provides the basis for comparison with mutants which differ in leaf length (Wenzel et al ., Annals of Botany79 : 45–50, 1997).
TypeCast: Type-Based Routing in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks (2006)

Type-based communication is proposed as an effective paradigm to enable group communication in wireless ad-hoc networks (MANETs). In this paradigm, type is used as the fundamental construct for addressing and routing messages. Type hierarchies are used to dynamically control group size; and object-oriented principles such as subtyping and multiple inheritance are utilized to construct new groups from existing ones. We present the design of TypeCast, a routing protocol that directly supports type-based communication. TypeCast leverages efficiency and mobility management provided by MANET multicast protocols and extends them by adding a Bloom filter-based type encoding and routing mechanism. TypeCast is fully decentralized and supports subtyping and type-composition. We implement TypeCast on top of ODMRP and conduct a detailed performance and scalability study of TypeCast through simulation. The results show that TypeCast demonstrates good resiliency to mobility and group size. When the number of types in the network increases, TypeCast achieves good scalability thanks to type aggregation provided by Bloom filters
The role of interferons type I, II and III in myositis: A review (2021)

The classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is based on clinical, serological and histological criteria. The identification of myositis-specific antibodies has helped to define more homogeneous groups of myositis into four dominant subsets: dermatomyositis (DM), antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS), sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM). sIBM and IMNM patients present predominantly with muscle involvement, whereas DM and ASyS patients present additionally with other extramuscular features, such as skin, lung and joints manifestations. Moreover, the pathophysiological mechanisms are distinct between each myositis subsets. Recently, interferon (IFN) pathways have been identified as key players implicated in the pathophysiology of myositis. In DM, the key role of IFN, especially type I IFN, has been supported by the identification of an IFN signature in muscle, blood and skin of DM patients. In addition, DM-specific antibodies are targeting antigens involved in the IFN signalling pathways. The pathogenicity of type I IFN has been demonstrated by the identification of mutations in the IFN pathways leading to genetic diseases, the monogenic interferonopathies. This constitutive activation of IFN signalling pathways induces systemic manifestations such as interstitial lung disease, myositis and skin rashes. Since DM patients share similar features in the context of an acquired activation of the IFN signalling pathways, we may extend underlying concepts of monogenic diseases to acquired interferonopathy such as DM. Conversely, in ASyS, available data suggest a role of type II IFN in blood, muscle and lung. Indeed, transcriptomic analyses highlighted a type II IFN gene expression in ASyS muscle tissue. In sIBM, type II IFN appears to be an important cytokine involved in muscle inflammation mechanisms and potentially linked to myodegenerative features. For IMNM, currently published data are scarce, suggesting a minor implication of type II IFN. This review highlights the involvement of different IFN subtypes and their specific molecular mechanisms in each myositis subset.
The capacitating agent bicarbonate induces protein kinase A-dependent changes in phospholipid transbilayer behavior in the sperm plasma membrane (2000)

A flow cytometric procedure was used to follow the effect of bicarbonate, a key inducer of sperm capacitation in vitro, on the transbilayer behavior of C6NBD-phospholipids in the plasma membrane of living acrosome-intact boar spermatozoa under physiological conditions. In the absence of bicarbonate, 97% of C6NBD-phosphatidylserine and 78% of C6NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine was rapidly translocated from the outer leaflet to the inner, whereas relatively little C6NBD-phosphatidylcholine and C6NBD-sphingomyelin was translocated (15% and 5%, respectively). Inclusion of 15 mM bicarbonate/5%CO(2) markedly slowed down the rates of translocation of the aminophospholipids without altering their final distribution, whereas it increased the proportions of C6NBD-phosphatidylcholine and C6NBD-sphingomyelin translocated (30% and 20%, respectively). Bicarbonate activated very markedly the outward translocation of all four phospholipid classes. The changes in C6NBD-phospholipid behavior were accompanied by increased membrane lipid disorder as detected by merocyanine 540, and also by increased potential for phospholipase catabolism of the C6NBD-phospholipid probes. All three changes were mediated via a cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation pathway. We suspect that the changes result from an activation of the non- specific bidirectional translocase ('scramblase'). They have important implications with respect to sperm fertilizing function.