gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The microRNA body map: dissecting microRNA function through integrative genomics (2011)

While a growing body of evidence implicates regulatory miRNA modules in various aspects of human disease and development, insights into specific miRNA function remain limited. Here, we present an innovative approach to elucidate tissue-specific miRNA functions that goes beyond miRNA target prediction and expression correlation. This approach is based on a multi-level integration of corresponding miRNA and mRNA gene expression levels, miRNA target prediction, transcription factor target prediction and mechanistic models of gene network regulation. Predicted miRNA functions were either validated experimentally or compared to published data. The predicted miRNA functions are accessible in the miRNA bodymap, an interactive online compendium and mining tool of high-dimensional newly generated and published miRNA expression profiles. The miRNA bodymap enables prioritization of candidate miRNAs based on their expression pattern or functional annotation across tissue or disease subgroup. The miRNA bodymap project provides users with a single one-stop data-mining solution and has great potential to become a community resource.
Inhibitory Action of Palatinose and Its Hydrogenated Derivatives on the Hydrolysis of α-Glucosylsaccharides in the Small Intestine (2008)

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of palatinose and Palatinit, which are disaccharides (or disaccharide alcohol) connected through an alpha-1,6-glucosyl linkage, on the hydrolysis of other carbohydrates, using an enzyme extract from the rat small intestine and a purified sucrase-isomaltase complex. Palatinose and its hydrogenated product, Palatinit, an equimolar mixture of alpha-O-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-D-sorbitol (GPS) and alpha-O-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-D-mannitol (GPM), inhibited the hydrolysis of sucrose and maltose. Palatinose and Palatinit also inhibited the hydrolysis of dextrin and soluble starch. Kinetic analysis of the enzymatic inhibition by GPS and GPM on sucrose hydrolysis revealed that both GPS and GPM competitively inhibit sucrase catalytic activity. These results suggest that disaccharides with an alpha-1,6-glucosyl linkage competitively inhibit intestinal alpha-glucosidases and may reduce the rate of hydrolysis of sucrose and other alpha-glucosylsaccharides.
<title>Evaluation of internal boiler components and gases using a high-temperature infrared (IR) lens</title> (1996)

Fuel accounts for an average of seventy percent of the yearly operational and maintenance costs of all the fossil stations in the United States. This amounts to 30 billion dollars spent for fuel each year. In addition, federal and state environmental codes have been enforcing stricter regulations that demand cleaner environments, such as the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are a by-product of the fossil fuel flame. If the burn of the flame inside a boiler could be optimized, the usage of fuel and the amounts of pollution produced would be significantly reduced, and many of the common boiler tube failures can be avoided. This would result in a major dollar savings to the utility industry, and would provide a cleaner environment. Accomplishing these goals will require a major effort from the designers and operators that manufacture, operate, and maintain the fossil stations. Over the past few years re-designed burners have been installed in many boilers to help control the temperatures and shape of the flame for better performance and NOx reduction. However, the measurement of the processes and components inside the furnace, that could assist in determining the desired conditions, can at times be very difficult due to the hostile hot environment. In an attempt to resolve these problems, the EPRI M&D Center and a core group of EPRI member utilities have undertaken a two-year project with various optical manufacturers, IR manufacturers, and IR specialists, to fully develop an optical lens that will withstand the high furnace temperatures. The purpose of the lens is to explore the possibilities of making accurate high temperature measurements of the furnace processes and components in an ever-changing harsh environment. This paper provides an introduction to EPRI's internal boiler investigation using an IR high temperature lens (HTL). The paper describes the objectives, approach, benefits, and project progress.
Utilizing Smartphone-Based Machine Learning in Medical Monitor Data\n Collection: Seven Segment Digit Recognition (2018)

Biometric measurements captured from medical devices, such as blood pressure\ngauges, glucose monitors, and weighing scales, are essential to tracking a\npatient's health. Trends in these measurements can accurately track diabetes,\ncardiovascular issues, and assist medication management for patients.\nCurrently, patients record their results and data of measurement in a physical\nnotebook. It may be weeks before a doctor sees a patient's records and can\nassess the health of the patient. With a predicted 6.8 billion smartphones in\nthe world by 2022, health monitoring platforms, such as Apple's HealthKit, can\nbe leveraged to provide the right care at the right time. This research\npresents a mobile application that enables users to capture medical monitor\ndata and send it to their doctor swiftly. A key contribution of this paper is a\nrobust engine that can recognize digits from medical monitors with an accuracy\nof 98.2%.\n
Extended oxygen delignification. Part 2: multi-stage oxygen bleaching with intermediate hypochlorous acid stages (2004)

Making the hypothesis that the superiority of chlorine dioxide (D) over oxygen (O) delignification was due to the in situ formation of CIOH, some CIOH treatments (h) were performed in combination with oxygen treatments (O) in a multi-step sequence. Extensive delignification was observed after O(hO)(hO) type sequence where h stands for a hypochlorous acid treatment with low charges of hypochlorous acid. After final bleaching (DED), the viscosity of the O(hO)(hO) treated pulps was at a good level. Moreover, the O(hO)(hO)DED sequence did not produce more chloroform and AOX than the conventional ODEDED process.
Augmentation of Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by MUC1 mucin (2005)

Apoptosis is a physiological mechanism responsible for a wide range of cellular processes during growth, development, carcinogenesis, and inflammation. In this study, we determined whether MUC1 affects Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis using MUC1 expressing (MUC1(+)) and MUC1(-) cells. Following treatment with 50 nM FasL, apoptosis, caspase-8 activity, and cell surface Fas receptor were measured by cytosolic nucleosome ELISA, colorimetric enzyme assay, and immunofluorescence analysis, respectively. Our results showed that (i) treatment with FasL increased caspase-8 activity (maximum at 4 h) and apoptosis (maximum at 8 h) in both MUC1(+) and MUC1(-) cells, (ii) FasL-induced caspase-8 activity and apoptosis were significantly greater in MUC1(+) cells compared with MUC1(-) cells, (iii) FasL treatment increased cell surface expression of Fas receptor in MUC1(+) cells to a greater extent compared with MUC1(-) cells, (iv) increased cell surface expression of Fas in MUC1(+) cells was not blocked by an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide), but was completely abrogated by brefeldin A, an inhibitor of post-translational protein trafficking to the cell surface, and (v) brefeldin A inhibited the increased sensitivity of MUC1(+) cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. We conclude that MUC1(+) cells were more sensitive to FasL-induced apoptosis compared with MUC1(-) cells due to up-regulation of Fas receptor on the cell surface by a mechanism involving increased intracellular trafficking.
Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis: the central role of PGC-1  (2008)

Although the concept of energy starvation in the failing heart was proposed decades ago, still very little is known about the origin of energetic failure. Recent advances in molecular biology have started to elucidate the transcriptional events governing mitochondrial biogenesis. In particular, a great step was taken with the discovery that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator (PGC-1alpha) is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the downregulation of PGC-1alpha and the consequent decrease in mitochondrial function in heart failure are, however, still poorly understood. Indeed, the main pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis are thought to be up- rather than down-regulated in pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. The current review summarizes recent advances in this field and is restricted to the heart when cardiac data are available.
That Finishing Touch for Flaws or Floors (1922)

That fever for refinishing, either house or furniture, attacks the aver age housewife annually with the coming of the first spring breeze. Even the wisest of the wise can offer no theory in explanation of the fact, but fact it is, so let's cope with it as such and hope that amateur artists may find answers to perplexing problems which arise in wielding the paint brush.
A simple device for optimal tissue preparation for Mohs micrographic surgery (1992)

A novel device is described which allows the rapid preparation of perfectly orientated tissue specimens for Mohs micrographic surgery.
Combined microarray analysis uncovers self-renewal related signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells (2007)

Due to the limited understanding of self-renewal and pluripotency related signaling in stem cells, extracting information from genome-wide expression data is not only important but also challenging. With the combined use of two methods, we analyzed a set of microarray data at 11 time points from three mouse embryonic stem cell lines cultivated with and without leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) for 14 days. Albeit the expression of individual genes in signaling pathways was not noticeably different between cells cultivated with and without LIF, at gene-set level the expression of ERK/MAPK (but not JAK/STAT) and cell cycle related genes was found significantly enriched in cells cultivated with LIF. This indicates that the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway, in addition to JAK/STAT, may also be a key player to carry on external LIF signal into mouse embryonic stem cells to promote self-renewal. When data at the first 7 time points were compared with data at the last 4 time points, the expression of several cell cycle related gene sets was apparently enriched in all three cell lines, indicating the active cell proliferation in the first 2 days. Compared with the slight decay of Oct4/Nanog/Sox2 during the 14 days, the expression of cell differentiation genes such as Gata4/6 underwent a drastic increase, which indicates that the upregulated expression of cell differentiation genes may better reflect the loss of self renewal than the down regulated expression of the stemness indicators Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. Apart from differential expression and gene set enrichment analyses, a clustering algorithm was also used to classify genes into co-expression clusters. The possible regulation of two clusters, whose expression was most changed during cell culture from very low to very high, was explored. The drastic changes of these genes, including Slc39a8 which was a potential indicator of cell differentiation, in contrast the slight changes of self-renewal genes, imply that differentiation may be the default fate of stem cells and self-renewal may rely on a maintenance mechanism. When that mechanism weakens, cell differentiation begins.
Carbon Nanotube Robust Digital VLSI (2012)

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) are excellent candidates for building highly energy-efficient electronic systems of the future. Fundamental limitations inherent to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) pose major obstacles to the realization of robust CNFET digital very large-scale integration (VLSI): 1) it is nearly impossible to guarantee perfect alignment and positioning of all CNTs despite near-perfect CNT alignment achieved in recent years; 2) CNTs can be metallic or semiconducting depending on chirality; and 3) CNFET circuits can suffer from large performance variations, reduced yield, and increased susceptibility to noise. Today's CNT process improvements alone are inadequate to overcome these challenges. This paper presents an overview of: 1) imperfections and variations inherent to CNTs; 2) design and processing techniques, together with a probabilistic analysis framework, for robust CNFET digital VLSI circuits immune to inherent CNT imperfections and variations; and 3) recent experimental demonstration of CNFET digital circuits that are immune to CNT imperfections. Significant advances in design tools can enable robust and scalable CNFET circuits that overcome the challenges of the CNFET technology while retaining its energy-efficiency benefits.
Unlinkable Randomizable Signature and Its Application in Group Signature. (2007)

We formalize a generic method of constructing efficient group signatures, specifically, we define new notions of unlinkable randomizable signature, indirectly signable signature and Σ-protocol friendly signature. We conclude that designing efficient secure group signatures can be boiled down to designing ordinary signatures satisfying the above three properties, which is supported by observations that almost all currently known secure efficient group signatures have alternative constructions in this line without deteriorating the efficiency.
Extinction ratio improvement of an electroabsorption modulator by using Be as a p-type dopant with small diffusion coefficient (2003)

Beryllium (Be) has been applied as an acceptor in the p-type cladding layer and the contact layer of an InGaAsP-based electroabsorption modulator (EAM) fabricated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The concentration of diffused dopants in the absorption layer of the EAM was significantly reduced by employing Be instead of zinc (Zn) which has been conventionally used as an acceptor for MOCVD-grown III–V semiconductors. Numerical simulation of the diffusion of Be and Zn in the EAM device structure showed that the diffusion of Be was dominated by interstitials with small diffusion coefficient, while the diffusion of Zn was dominated by a fast diffusion mechanism of a divacancy-related complex which was not observed in the Be-doped EAM. The measured extinction ratio of the Be-doped EAM was higher by approximately 40% than that of the Zn-doped counterpart. The improvement of the extinction ratio is due to improved uniformity of the electric field applied to the absorption layer of the EAM.
Microservices Architecture Based Cloudware Deployment Platform for Service Computing (2016)

With the rising of Cloud computing, evolution have occurred not only in datacenter, but also in software development, deployment, maintain and usage. How to build cloud platform for traditional software, and how to deliver cloud service to users are central research fields which will have a huge impact. In recent years, the development of microservice and container technology make software paradigm evolve towards Cloudware in cloud environment. Cloudware, which is based on service and supported by cloud platform, is an important method to cloudalize traditional software. It is also a significant way for software development, deployment, maintenance and usage in future cloud environment. Furthermore, it creates a completely new thought for software in cloud platform. In this paper, we proposed a new Cloudware PaaS platform based on microservice architecture and light weighted container technology. We can directly deploy traditional software which provides services to users by browser in this platform without any modification. By utilizing the microservice architecture, this platform has the characteristics of scalability, auto-deployment, disaster recovery and elastic configuration.
Monoclonal antibodies against group- and type-specific lipopolysaccharide antigens of Vibrio cholerae O:1 (1983)

Hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against the O-antigenic determinants of Vibrio cholerae O:1 have been established. The specificity of the antibodies was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition experiments by using lipopolysaccharides from V. cholerae O:1 strains and type strains of groups O:2 and O:21. The anti-A antibody was of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class, whereas the anti-B and -C antibodies were IgG3. The antibodies had a good agglutinating capacity when tested against V. cholerae O:1 strains in the slide agglutination test.
High intensity generation of 9–13 Å x-rays from BaF2 targets (1991)

Studies of the interaction of condensed matter with short pulse (∼ 600 fs) high intensity (∼1017 W/cm2) ultraviolet (248 nm) radiation show that intense spatially compact sources for x-ray emission in the kilovolt range (0.5–1.0×1015 W/cm2) can be generated from solid targets at close to the maximum volume specific rate allowed.
Molecular biodiversity of cassava begomoviruses in Tanzania: evolution of cassava geminiviruses in Africa and evidence for East Africa being a center of diversity of cassava geminiviruses (2005)

Cassava is infected by numerous geminiviruses in Africa and India that cause devastating losses to poor farmers. We here describe the molecular diversity of seven representative cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) infecting cassava from multiple locations in Tanzania. We report for the first time the presence of two isolates in East Africa: (EACMCV-[TZ1] and EACMCV-[TZ7]) of the species East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus, originally described in West Africa. The complete nucleotide sequence of EACMCV-[TZ1] DNA-A and DNA-B components shared a high overall sequence identity to EACMCV-[CM] components (92% and 84%). The EACMCV-[TZ1] and -[TZ7] genomic components have recombinations in the same genome regions reported in EACMCV-[CM], but they also have additional recombinations in both components. Evidence from sequence analysis suggests that the two strains have the same ancient origin and are not recent introductions. EACMCV-[TZ1] occurred widely in the southern part of the country. Four other CMG isolates were identified: two were close to the EACMV-Kenya strain (named EACMV-[KE/TZT] and EACMV-[KE/TZM] with 96% sequence identity); one isolate, TZ10, had 98% homology to EACMV-UG2Svr and was named EACMV-UG2 [TZ10]; and finally one isolate was 95% identical to EACMV-[TZ] and named EACMV-[TZ/YV]. One isolate of African cassava mosaic virus with 97% sequence identity with other isolates of ACMV was named ACMV-[TZ]. It represents the first ACMV isolate from Tanzania to be sequenced. The molecular variability of CMGs was also evaluated using partial B component nucleotide sequences of 13 EACMV isolates from Tanzania. Using the sequences of all CMGs currently available, we have shown the presence of a number of putative recombination fragments that are more prominent in all components of EACMV than in ACMV. This new knowledge about the molecular CMG diversity in East Africa, and in Tanzania in particular, has led us to hypothesize about the probable importance of this part of Africa as a source of diversity and evolutionary change both during the early stages of the relationship between CMGs and cassava and in more recent times. The existence of multiple CMG isolates with high DNA genome diversity in Tanzania and the molecular forces behind this diversity pose a threat to cassava production throughout the African continent.
Analysis of radiation noise caused by power distribution on multilayer printed circuit board (2003)

This paper investigates the cause of radiated noise from power and ground fluctuations in the feed system, and presents an evaluation method and a simple approximate model. Radiated noise from the feed system has two causes: (1) resonance phenomena (cavity resonance) due to power and ground planes on a printed board; and (2) resonance due to the IC lead frame, IC capacitance, and output-signal load. The resonance frequencies in these two cases can be determined by measuring S11-parameters from the IC power and ground pins.
Static Fatigue of Glass. II (1958)

Static fatigue of a simple soda-lime glass has been investigated in relation to the sensitivity of this glass to atmospheric corrosion. An analysis of the failure process has been given which is based on the concept that inherent surface flaws grow by corrosive mechanisms to critical dimensions by virtue of a reaction between water vapor in the atmosphere and components of the glass. The rate of this reaction is determined by the stress conditions around local areas and the temperature, pressure, and composition of the surrounding atmosphere. Since the experimental work shows a close relationship between the temperature dependence of the failure process and that of the self diffusion of sodium ion in bulk glass it is concluded that alkali content is responsible for the very low long time strengths of most inorganic glasses.
Substituting Gadolinium in Brain MRI Using DeepContrast (2020)

Cerebral blood volume (CBV) is a hemodynamic correlate of oxygen metabolism and reflects brain activity and function. High-resolution CBV maps can be generated using the steady-state gadolinium-enhanced MRI technique. Such a technique requires an intravenous injection of exogenous gadolinium based contrast agent (GBCA) and recent studies suggest that the GBCA can accumulate in the brain after frequent use. We hypothesize that endogenous sources of contrast might exist within the most conventional and commonly acquired structural MRI, potentially obviating the need for exogenous contrast. Here, we test this hypothesis by developing and optimizing a deep learning algorithm, which we call DeepContrast, in mice. We find that DeepContrast performs equally well as exogenous GBCA in mapping CBV of the normal brain tissue and enhancing glioblastoma. Together, these studies validate our hypothesis that a deep learning approach can potentially replace the need for GBCAs in brain MRI.
Lack of Spatial Correlation in MOSFET Threshold Voltage Variation and Implications for Voltage Scaling (2009)

Due to increased variation in modern process technology nodes, the spatial correlation of variation is a key issue for both modeling and design. We have created a large array test-structure to analyze the magnitude of spatial correlation of threshold voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> ) in a 180 nm CMOS process. The data from over 50 k measured devices per die indicates that there is no significant within-die spatial correlation in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> . Furthermore, the across-chip variation patterns between different die also do not correlate. This indicates that Random Dopant Fluctuation (RDF) is the primary mechanism responsible for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> variation and that relatively simple Monte Carlo-type analysis can capture the effects of such variation. While high performance digital logic circuits, at high <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VDD</i> , can be strongly affected by spatially correlated channel length variation, we note that subthreshold logic will be primarily affected by random uncorrelated <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> variation.
The mass spectra of some phenanthro (9,10‐<i>d</i>) heterocycles (1970)

Abstract The mass spectra of six phenanthro(9,10‐ d )‐oxazoles, thiazoles and imidazoles are reported. The decompositions of the phenanthro(9,10‐ d ) derivatives resemble the corresponding benzo heterocycles. A C 13 H 7 fragment was found to be characteristic of these phenanthro compounds. Deuterium labeling was used to show that there is no correlation between the formation of the C 13 H 7 from the phenanthro compounds and the C 13 H 9 observed in the spectra of 4,5‐diphenyl substituted heterocycles.