gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of SAGD Process: Seismic Interpretation of Ray+Born Synthetic 4D Data (2012)

The objective of this study is to evaluate which production information can be deduced from a 4D seismic survey during the Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) recovery process. Superimposed on reservoir heterogeneities of geological origin, many factors interact during thermal production of heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs, which complicate the interpretation of 4D seismic data: changes in oil viscosity, in fluid saturations, in pore pressure and so on. This study is based on the real Hangingstone field case of the McMurray formation in the Athabasca region (Canada). In previous works, an initial static model (geology, petroacoustic and geomechanical) has been constructed and a thermal production of heavy oil with two coupled fluid-flow and geomechanical models has been simulated. Seismic parameters (density, compression velocity and shear velocity) of the saturated rocks have then been computed from mechanical and reservoir parameters at several stages of the production. A repeated acquisition survey is modelled at different stages of SAGD production. This is performed using a 3D seismic modelling approach. To focus on the reflections generated within the reservoir zone, a target-oriented modelling is chosen. It is based on the ray+Born approach which permits to compute the P-wave elastic response by correctly handling the seismic amplitudes as a function of source-receiver offset. Real incoherent noise is added to the zero-phase synthetic data to produce a more realistic result. The noise-free and the noisy synthetic data are processed to get stacked and time migrated images. A simple processing workflow leads to image the steam chamber development, in particular its V-shape in radial section, and to observe time-lapse in the reservoir zone. An interpretation work is then carried out. Some seismic attributes like RMS values of amplitude changes between stages, energy, time differences of reservoir bottom between stages, etc. are computed from the synthetic (noise-free and noisy) seismic data. Some of these attributes prove to be robust to the noise and to show some production effect. Possible trends between these attributes and the modelled reservoir/geomechanical properties (lithofacies, pressure, temperature, steam saturation, etc.) are also evaluated. Finally, geobodies are extracted from the seismic attributes.
Immunocytochemical detection of interleukin 1 within stimulated human monocytes. (1986)

We have used synthetic peptides coupled to KLH to raise high titer antisera to human IL-1 beta, and in the present report show the usefulness of these sera for immunocytochemical analyses of IL-1 production. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we have been able to specifically identify IL-1 within human monocytes and to monitor its accumulation with time. After indirect immunofluorescent staining of LPS- and PHA-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures, intense cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed in 93% of the monocytes, but not in lymphocytes or platelets present in the same preparation. Unstimulated monocytes did not contain immunocytochemically detectable IL-1. When put into culture, however, some of the otherwise unstimulated monocytes subsequently showed a transient accumulation of intracellular IL-1. Monocytes cultured in the presence of LPS and PHA exhibited detectable fluorescence after 2.5 h, and the fluorescent intensity of these cells continued to increase over the course of 21 h. Fluorescent staining was abolished by preincubation of the sera with relevant but not irrelevant peptide, and while preimmune or anti-KLH serum produced no staining, antisera against either the amino terminus or an internal region of IL-1 beta produced identical staining patterns. Immunoblot analyses of lysates from stimulated monocytes showed that the antisera against IL-1 recognize a single intracellular species with an apparent molecular weight (33 kD) similar to that predicted for IL-1 precursor from the nucleotide sequence of IL-1 cDNA. The ability to specifically identify and immunocytochemically localize IL-1 within producing cells should prove extremely useful for studying the in situ production of IL-1 in immune-based and inflammatory diseases.
Hafnium-doped GaN with n-type electrical resistivity in the 10−4 Ω cm range (2011)

Hafnium (Hf) as an n-type dopant for group III nitride is proposed and investigated. Uniform doping of Hf into GaN realized an electrical resistivity as small as 7.89 × 10−4 Ω cm, which approaches that of a typical electron-beam deposited indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film (∼3.75 × 10−4 Ω cm). Depending on doping level, the room-temperature (RT) donor activation energy for Hf in GaN was estimated to be in the range of 85-132.5 meV. Highly conductive Hf-doped GaN thin films with atomically smooth surface feature were achieved via Hf-delta doping, with RT electrical resistivity as small as 1.24 × 10−3 Ω cm. These highly conductive Hf-doped GaN films can be used as n-type transparent current-spreading layer (TCL) for large area light-emitting diodes (LEDs). With further improvement, highly conductive Hf-doped GaN has potential to be used as p-type TCL replacing the traditional indium-tin oxide for GaN-based LEDs.
Nasal/buccal midazolam use in the community (2004)

A telephone survey was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and convenience of nasal/buccal midazolam in terminating prolonged seizures in the community. A total of 33/40 (83%) families who had used it found it effective and easy to use; 20/24 (83%) preferred using midazolam to rectal diazepam.
Trichloroethyl Group As a Protecting Group for Sulfonates and Its Application to the Synthesis of a Disulfonate Analog of the Tyrosine Sulfated PSGL-1<sub>43−50</sub> Peptide (2009)

The trichloroethyl (TCE) group is shown to be a viable protecting group for sulfonates. TCE-protected sulfonates were found to be particularly stable to acid, a key characteristic that led to a straightforward enantioselective synthesis of l-FmocPhe(p-CH(2)SO(3)TCE)OH. This was used as a building block for the solid phase synthesis of an octapeptide corresponding to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 residues 43-50 (PSGL-1(43-50)) in which sulfotyrosine residues 46 and 48 were replaced with (sulfonomethyl)phenylalanine (SmP), an important hydrolytically stable sulfotyrosine mimic.
Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV‐1 clinical isolates (2001)

In this clinical series of patients with suboptimal control of plasma HIV-1 RNA using a combination including zidovudine, the presence of zidovudine-related mutations was associated with a decreased phenotypic sensitivity to this drug. Despite persistent HIV-1 replication, switching to stavudine was associated with a further decrease in phenotypic sensitivity to zidovudine but not to stavudine after 19 months. These data suggest that stavudine remains a possible option in zidovudine-experienced patients.
Auctions (1989)

Herodotus reports the use of auctions as early as 500 BC in Babylon (see Cassady, 1967, pp. 26–40 for references to this and the following historical notes). The Romans made extensive use of auctions in commerce and the Roman emperors Caligula and Aurelius auctioned royal furniture and heirlooms to pay debts. Roman military expeditions were accompanied by traders who bid for the spoils of war auctioned sub hasta (under the spear) by soldiers. In AD 193 the Praetorian Guard seized the crown from the emperor Pertinax and auctioned it to the highest bidder, Didius, who, upon paying each guardsman the winning bid, 6250 drachmas, was declared emperor of Rome. It would appear that the Romans used the 'English' progressive method of auctioning, since the word auction is derived from the Latin root auctus (an increase).KeywordsCombinatorial AuctionPrice AuctionMultiple UnitBidding BehaviourWinning BidderThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Effect of upstream reading frames on translation efficiency in simian virus 40 recombinants. (1986)

In a previous report (S. Subramani, R. Mulligan, and P. Berg, Mol. Cell. Biol. 1:854-864, 1981), it was shown that mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) could be efficiently expressed from simian virus 40 recombinant viruses containing the DHFR cDNA in different locations in the viral late region. This was true even in the case of the SVGT7dhfr26 recombinant, which had the DHFR coding sequence 700 to 800 nucleotides from the 5' end of the mRNA, where it was preceded by the VP2 and VP3 initiator AUGs and a number of other noninitiator AUGs. To investigate the process of internal translation initiation in mammalian cells, we constructed a series of SVGT7dhfr recombinants in which the upstream VP2 and VP3 reading frame was terminated in various positions relative to the DHFR initiation codon. The efficient production of DHFR in infected CV1 cells depended on having the terminators of the VP2-VP3 reading frame positioned upstream or nearby downstream from the DHFR initiation codon. These results reinforce the notion that mammalian ribosomes are capable of translational reinitiation.
Purification and characterization of ribitol-5-phosphate and xylitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenases from strains of Lactobacillus casei (1987)

A simple three-step procedure is described which yields electrophoretically homogeneous preparations of ribitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase and xylitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase. The former enzyme is a 115,000-molecular-weight protein composed of two subunits of identical size and is specific for its substrate, ribitol. The xylitol-5-phosphate dehydrogenase exists as a tetrameric protein with a molecular weight of 180,000; this enzyme oxidizes the phosphate esters of both xylitol and D-arabitol. Characterization of the physical, kinetic, and immunological properties of the two enzymes suggests that the functionally similar enzymes may not be structurally related.
Lipofuscin Pigment Accumulation as a Function of Age and Distribution in Rodent Brain (1968)

Journal Article Lipofuscin Pigment Accumulation as a Function of Age and Distribution in Rodent Brain Get access William Reichel, M.D., William Reichel, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joshua Hollander, M.D., Joshua Hollander, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James H. Clark, A.B., James H. Clark, A.B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernard L. Strehler, Ph.D. Bernard L. Strehler, Ph.D. 1Gerontology Research Center, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. PHS, U.S. Department of Health. Education & Welfare, Bethesda, and the Baltimore City HospitalsBaltimoje, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 23, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 71–78, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/23.1.71 Published: 01 January 1968
Service creation environment: Flexibility, openness and evolution (1999)

Evolution of Alcatel's Service Creation Environment will benefit service providers in terms of openness and speed of service creation.
Gut-Liver Axis and Sensing Microbes (2010)

'Detoxification' of gut-derived toxins and microbial products from gut-derived microbes is a major role of the liver. While the full repertoire of gut-derived microbial products that reach the liver in health and disease is yet to be explored, the levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria, is increased in the portal and/or systemic circulation in several types of chronic liver diseases. Increased gut permeability and LPS play a role in alcoholic liver disease where alcohol impairs the gut epithelial integrity through alterations in tight junction proteins. In addition, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is also associated with increased serum LPS levels and activation of the pro-inflammatory cascade plays a central role in disease progression. Microbial danger signals are recognized by pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Increasing evidence suggests that TLR4-mediated signaling via the MyD88-dependent or MyD88-independent pathways may play different roles in liver diseases associated with increased LPS exposure of the liver as a result of gut permeability. For example, we showed that in alcoholic liver disease, the MyD88-independent, IRF3-dependent TLR4 cascade plays a role in steatosis and inflammation. Our recent data demonstrate that chronic alcohol exposure in the liver leads to sensitization of Kupffer cells to LPS via a mechanism involving upregulation of microRNA-155 in Kupffer cells. Thus, understanding the cell-specific recognition and intracellular signaling events in sensing gut-derived microbes will help to achieve an optimal balance in the gut-liver axis and ameliorate liver diseases.
Cytokine signatures of transformed B cells with distinct Epstein–Barr virus latencies as a potential diagnostic tool for B cell lymphoma (2011)

Immunocompromised individuals, including those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are at increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated aggressive B cell malignancies such as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) or diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Differential diagnosis of these lymphomas requires histopathological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic assessments. Rapid, less invasive approaches to the diagnosis of EBV-associated B cell lymphomas are needed. Here, high-throughput cytokine profiling of BL cell lines and EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL), representing DLBCL, was carried out. By monitoring the production of 42 different cytokines, unique cytokine signatures were identified for BL and B-LCL/DLBCL. The BL cells produced interleukin (IL)-10, 10 kDa interferon gamma-induced protein (IP-10)/CXCL10, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α/CCL3 and MIP-1β/CCL4. In addition to these five cytokines, the cytokine signature of B-LCL/DLBCL cells included IL-8/CXCL8, IL-13, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5. Epstein-Barr virus latency was responsible for the increased production of IL-10, MDC/CCL22 and MIP-1α/CCL3 in BL cells, suggesting that EBV-mediated BL-genesis involves these three cytokines. These results suggest that high-throughput cytokine profiling might be a valuable tool for the differential diagnosis and might deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of EBV-associated B cell malignancies.
Reservoir Modeling: From RESCUE To RESQML (2012)

Summary The RESCUE consortium formed in 1995 in response to the requirement to transfer the structural framework, 3D gridded models, and associated well data from "geomodels to upscalers." RESCUE developed a data standard and libraries that allowed multiple vendors to support subsurface projects across the geoscience and engineering domains. To date, more than 20 of the sponsoring petroleum companies and application vendors have integrated RESCUE into their applications. In late 2008, the consortium began a transition to a much more flexible standard: RESQML™. RESQML joins with WITSML™ and PRODML™ as the latest XML-based data-transfer standards managed by Energistics. The V1.0 developer's release of the RESQML data standard was published in December 2010, followed by a fully commercial V1.1 release in October 2011. We expect vendor applications using RESQML V1.1 to be available commercially in 2012. RESQML has been designed to support Interaction with real-time production and drilling domains Transfer of gigacell reservoir-simulation models, as are currently in use in some areas of the world, together with static reservoir models, which may be several orders of magnitude larger Lossless data transfer for complex grids, especially for nonstandard connectivity Retention of the geologic and geophysical meta-data associated with 3D grids Data standards to support flexible and iterative multivendor subsurface workflows across geology, geophysics, and engineering As an example of the latter, workflows that support fault-seal analysis or 4D-seismic interpretation benefit greatly from the integration of data, metadata, and interpretations from multiple geophysical, geologic, and engineering applications into a coherent subsurface model. Such integration is not possible for a single application or vendor. In this paper, we will present our objectives, challenges, and work plan for 3D/4D-reservoir-model exchange. Details of the technical design defined by participating petroleum oil companies and software vendors will be shared to demonstrate the efficiency of the RESQML standard.
Ultrahigh-density (001)-oriented FePt nanoparticles by atomic-scale-multilayer deposition (2009)

Highly ordered (001)-oriented FePt nanoparticles (NPs) with controllable sizes and well-aligned easy axis were obtained by tuning the total layer number n of atomic-scale [Fe/Pt/SiO2]n multilayers deposited on SiO2∥Si substrates. After annealing at 700 °C, the ordered FePt NPs with a small particle size of 5.5 nm (an extremely high areal density of 1.2×1013dots/in.2), a large out-of-plane coercivity of 28.5 kOe, and a narrow size distribution of 13% were attained. All NPs were embedded in the SiO2 substrates, resulting in a flat top surface. Finally, a full-stack film structure of perpendicular recording media composed of FePt NPs (recording layer), SiO2 (nonmagnetic intermediate layer) and CoZrTa (soft underlayer) was demonstrated.
Is the mdr 1 gene relevant in chronic lymphocytic leukemia? (1990)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a progressive disease in which chemotherapy may result in temporary suppression of the peripheral blood lymphocyte count, but cure is not usually possible. Drug resistance mechanisms and the multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype may be relevant to the therapeutic response. We have studied 34 patients with CLL (seven untreated, 27 treated), screening both DNA and RNA with the mdr 1 gene probe. In pure lymphocyte populations from 10 normal subjects, low levels of mdr 1 RNA expression were found. Eighteen CLL patients (four untreated, 14 treated) had levels of mdr 1 RNA expression above the normal range. No evidence of mdr 1 gene amplification could be found in these patients. Sequential estimations of RNA levels in three patients suggest that malignant lymphocytes in CLL can increase mdr 1 expression in response to chemotherapy and return to basal levels on withdrawal of the treatment. Such data raise important questions about the type of timing of cytotoxic therapy in CLL.
일반논문 : 중국에서의 대조언어학의 특징과 발전 추세 (2015)

대조언어학은 두 개 혹은 두 개 이상 언어에 대한 대조 연구를 통해, 언어 지간의 공통성과 차이성을 밝히는 언어학의 한 분과라고 정의할수 있다. 지금 중국에서의 대조언어학은 언어 교육과 언어 연구에서 가장 중요한 위치를 차지하는 신흥 학과의 하나로 급부상하였다. 특히 외국어교육 연구 분야에서 대조는 가장 중요한 연구 이론과 방법론으로 각광받고 있다. 그러나 지금까지의 연구 현황을 살펴보면, 학계에서는 아직까지 대조언어학의 성격, 방법론, 연구 목적 등 여러 방면에서 공통된 인식을 갖지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 우선 일부 학자들은 전통적인 대조분석가설(Contrastive Analysis)에 기초한 좁은 의미(狹義)에서의 응용언어학 범주의 대조연구 방향을 견지하고 있고, 일부 학자들은 대조언어학의 대조 방법의 활용을 특징으로 하는 넓은 의미(廣義)에서의 연구 방향으로 나아가고 있다. 전자의 연구는 공시성, 기술성, 차이성, 응용성의 특징을 가지고 있고, 후자의 연구는 공시성과 통시성, 기술과 해석, 이론언어학과 응용언어학을 아우르는 학제성(interdisciplinarity) 특징을 가지고 있다. 최근의 발전 추세로 보면, 단순히 외국어교육을 위한 협의적 대조 보다 학제성을 강조하는 광의적 대조가 점차 주류를 이루고 있는 상황이다. 광의적 대조에는 또 두 가지 대표적인 연구 경향(取向)이 있는데, 하나는 ‘언어 세계관 경향’이고 다른 하나는 ‘언어유형론 경향’이라고 할수 있다. 전자는 대조언어학을 언어 철학을 기초로 하는 언어 세계관을 탐구하는 학과, 즉 부동한 민족의 개념과 의미 체계, 가치 체계 및 사유방식의 공통성과 차이성을 연구하는 학문이라고 규정하고 대조 연구의 궁극적 목적은 ‘일반언어학(普通語言學)의 발전을 촉진하고 부동한 문화와 문명의 교류와 이해를 추진’하는 것이라고 주장하고 있다. 후자는 언어유형론이 대조언어학(이론대조언어학)에 기본 이론 틀을 제공한다고 하면서 언어에 대한 대조연구를 통해 인류 언어의 공통적 본질(특히 내포된 보편성)을 탐구하는데 기여해야 한다고 주장하고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 추세에 대한 분석을 토대로, 대조연구의 현황과 문제점을 분석하고 금후의 발전 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
ANALYSIS APPROACH FOR STITCH CONSTRUCTION AND STITCH TIGHTENING OF LOCK STITCH SEWING MACHINE (1984)

Conventionally, stitch quality has been evaluated visually. In this study, stitch structures are shown in terms of skeleton stitch models to obtain quantitative analysis of stitch tightness.The analysis results show the following interesting stitch properties:(1) Formation of good stitches largely depends on, besides balanced upper and lower threads tensions, the cloth tightness produced by interlaced upper and lower threads.Accordingly to the analysis results, proper lower thread tension setting is important to get good cloth tightness which has traditionally been undiscussed.A lower tension of the lower thread produces a rectangular stitch model, and a higher tension of the lower thread forms an oval stitch model.(2) In sewing thin, medium, or thick material at a low speed, it has been found that there is a corelation of systematic parabolic regression between the upper and lower thread tensions that lead to formation of well-tensed stitches.
Structural and functional conservation of two human homologs of the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6. (1991)

The RAD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) that is required for DNA repair, damage-induced mutagenesis, and sporulation. We have cloned the two human RAD6 homologs, designated HHR6A and HHR6B. The two 152-amino acid human proteins share 95% sequence identity with each other and approximately 70% and approximately 85% overall identity with the homologs from yeasts (S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and Drosophila melanogaster, respectively. Neither of the human RAD6 homologs possess the acidic C-terminal sequence present in the S. cerevisiae RAD6 protein. Genetic complementation experiments reveal that HHR6A as well as HHR6B can carry out the DNA repair and mutagenesis functions of RAD6 in S. cerevisiae rad6 delta mutants.
Additive Effect of dDAVP and Standard Heparin inIncreasing Plasma t-PA (1989)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of an additive effect between standard heparin and dDAVP in the enhancement of endogenous fibrinolysis. Eight healthy volunteers were studied in a randomized double blind placebo controlled cross-over trial. The volunteers were treated i.v. with dDAVP, 0.4 micrograms/kg, over 15 minutes followed by an i.v. bolus dose of either standard heparin, 5,000 I.U., or saline. A 48 hour wash-out period was adopted. The infusion of dDAVP followed by standard heparin resulted in a higher increase in plasma t-PA activity, t-PA antigen, circulating t-PA specific activity and FPLA when compared with dDAVP followed by saline. The difference was already statistically significant at 15 minutes after the infusion of dDAVP and lasted for up to 60 minutes after the end of the infusion of dDAVP. Plasma PAI 1 showed a slightly higher decrease after dDAVP plus standard heparin than after dDAVP plus saline but this difference was not statistically significant. No statistically significant changes of fibrinogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin levels were observed. As expected, the infusion of standard heparin resulted in an increase in plasma anti-Xa activity and in a prolongation of aPTT. Our results demonstrated an additive effect of dDAVP and standard heparin on the increase in circulating t-PA, the effect of dDAVP being potentiated and prolonged by heparin. This observation could prospect a combined use of dDAVP and standard heparin in the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic diseases.