gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human respiratory muscle actions and control during exercise (1997)

We measured pressures and power of diaphragm, rib cage, and abdominal muscles during quiet breathing (QB) and exercise at 0, 30, 50, and 70% maximum workload (Wmax) in five men. By three-dimensional tracking of 86 chest wall markers, we calculated the volumes of lung- and diaphragm-apposed rib cage compartments (Vrc,p and Vrc,a, respectively) and the abdomen (Vab). End-inspiratory lung volume increased with percentage of Wmax as a result of an increase in Vrc,p and Vrc,a. End-expiratory lung volume decreased as a result of a decrease in Vab. DeltaVrc,a/DeltaVab was constant and independent of Wmax. Thus we used DeltaVab/time as an index of diaphragm velocity of shortening. From QB to 70% Wmax, diaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) increased approximately 2-fold, diaphragm velocity of shortening 6.5-fold, and diaphragm workload 13-fold. Abdominal muscle pressure was approximately 0 during QB but was equal to and 180 degrees out of phase with rib cage muscle pressure at all percent Wmax. Rib cage muscle pressure and abdominal muscle pressure were greater than Pdi, but the ratios of these pressures were constant. There was a gradual inspiratory relaxation of abdominal muscles, causing abdominal pressure to fall, which minimized Pdi and decreased the expiratory action of the abdominal muscles on Vrc,a gradually, minimizing rib cage distortions. We conclude that from QB to 0% Wmax there is a switch in respiratory muscle control, with immediate recruitment of rib cage and abdominal muscles. Thereafter, a simple mechanism that increases drive equally to all three muscle groups, with drive to abdominal and rib cage muscles 180 degrees out of phase, allows the diaphragm to contract quasi-isotonically and act as a flow generator, while rib cage and abdominal muscles develop the pressures to displace the rib cage and abdomen, respectively. This acts to equalize the pressures acting on both rib cage compartments, minimizing rib cage distortion.
A Tunnel Dielectric-Based Junctionless Transistor With Reduced Parasitic BJT Action (2017)

In this paper, we demonstrate a tunnel dielectric-based junctionless transistor, referred as TD JLT, which consists of a thin dielectric layer in the middle of the channel region of a JLT leading to a drastically reduced parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) action. Using calibrated 2-D simulations, we show that the proposed TD JLT has a significantly low off-state leakage current due to the presence of a tunneling barrier, and an enhanced source-to-channel barrier height, which results in a diminished parasitic BJT action in the off-state. Further, the proposed TD JLT exhibits an extremely high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio of ~1.1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> for a channel length of 20 nm and a significant(I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ) ratio of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> even for a channel length of 10 nm.
Home Interior Classification using SIFT Keypoint Histograms (2007)

Semantic scene classification, the process of categorizing photographs into a discrete set of classes using pattern recognition techniques, is a useful ability for image annotation, organization and retrieval. The literature has focused on classifying outdoor scenes such as beaches and sunsets. Here, we focus on a much more difficult problem, that of differentiating between typical rooms in home interiors, such as bedrooms or kitchens. This requires robust image feature extraction and classification techniques, such as SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) features and Adaboost classifiers. To this end, we derived SIFT keypoint histograms, an efficient image representation that utilizes variance information from linear discriminant analysis. We compare SIFT keypoint histograms with other features such as spatial color moments and compare Adaboost with support vector machine classifiers. We outline the various techniques used, show their advantages, disadvantages, and actual performance, and determine the most effective algorithm of those tested for home interior classification. Furthermore, we present results of pairwise classification of 7 rooms typically found in homes.
Pi-meson range shifter for clinical therapy (1977)

An energy-absorbing instrument, designed for use with a linear accelerator producing a high-intensity beam of negative pions, is described. The system makes use of a variable column of energy-absorbing fluid with depth controlled by a hydraulic servomechanism to conform to theoretically or experimentally derived sweep curves in the form of histograms or continuous functions. The dose-vs-depth curves which result from the vertical sweep of the instrument show excellent flattening over the stroke. The details of construction and control of this ’’range shifter’’ are described, as well as a unique method for command-function storage and interrupt control using programmable memories and microprocessor techniques.
Absence of Heart-Rate Effects in Rabbits During Low-Level Microwave Irradiation (1971)

Soviet studies have reported that low-level microwave irradiation alters the heart rate of humans and animals. In a replication of one such study, 16 rabbits were exposed to dorsal irradiation n of the head by 2.4-GHz CW. microwaves at a power density of 10 mW /cm/sup 2/ for 20 min. The rest of the animal's body was shielded by absorbent material. There was no significant difference between the heart rate during or after irradiation and the heart rate of the same animals during a control condition in which they were not irradiated. Analysis of the variability in heart rate observed in this experiment suggested that the heart-rate effects reported in the original Soviet study might have been chance variations. In a second experiment, heart rate, respiration rate, and body temperature were recorded simultaneously while each of two rabbits was irradiated as before, on the dorsal aspect of the head only, at various power densities from 0 to 100 mW/cm/sup2/, in steps of 20 mW/cm/sup 2/. Respiration rate increased during irradiation at 40 mW/cm/sup 2/, body temperature rose at 80 mW/ cm/sup 2/, and ultimately the heart rate also increased, but only at 100 mW/cm/sup 2/.
Biogenic Guanine Crystals from the Skin of Fish May Be Designed to Enhance Light Reflectance (2008)

The metallic luster from the skin of fish is due to a photonic crystal system composed of multilayer stacks of cytoplasm and crystals. The crystals are described as thin (50−100 nm) plates of guanine, with no reference to their hydration state. We established through X-ray diffraction that their crystal structure is that of anhydrous guanine. We noted that their crystal structure-function relationship is exceptional compared to other purines with similar molecular stacking of the crystal structure. These elongate in the direction of molecular stacking, in contrast to the biogenic anhydrous guanine crystals whose smallest dimension is in the stacking direction. On the basis of the known crystal structure of anhydrous guanine, theoretical growth morphology was calculated. These calculations predict crystals elongated in the direction of the molecular stacking. The exposed molecular plane of the biogenic crystals is the (102) plane, which is composed of densely packed H-bonded guanine molecules. It is known that the in-plane polarizability of guanine molecules is significantly higher than the direction perpendicular to the molecular plane, most likely causing anisotropy of the crystals refractive index. It is therefore conceivable that the unique morphology observed in crystals from the skin of fish is designed to enhance their light reflective properties.
Optimizing Training-Based MIMO Systems: How Much Time is Needed for Actual Transmission? (2010)

We study the design of training-based multiple-input multiple-output systems in two block-wise transmission schemes. The conventional transmission scheme has a fixed amount of energy to be used in each block, hence transmission takes place in every block. For this scheme, we study the optimality of using all available time in each block for transmission and provide bounds to significantly reduce the ranges of the possible values of the optimal training and data lengths. The second scheme, called the flashy transmission scheme, is constrained by an average amount of energy per block, and uses some but not necessarily all blocks for transmission. For this scheme, we find the optimal fraction of blocks to be used for transmission. When this optimal fraction is less than one, we show that the optimal training and data lengths are independent of the energy constraint.
Wittig‐Reaktion mit Phosphorigsäure‐tris‐dimethylamid (1965)

Abstract Phosphorigsäure‐tris‐dimethylamid ( I ) eignet sich an Stelle von Triphenyl‐phosphin in zahlreichen Fällen für die Wittig‐Reaktion. Die erhöhte Bildungsgeschwindigkeit der entsprechenden Phosphoniumsalze und die Wasserlöslichkeit des neben den Olefinen anfallenden Phosphorsäure‐tris‐dimethylamids (III) vereinfachen die Herstellung von Olefinen.
Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19: Innate immune, vascular, and platelet pathogenic factors differ in severity of disease and sex (2020)

COVID-19 rapidly emerged as a crippling public health crisis in the last few months, which has presented a series health risk. Understanding of the immune response and biomarker analysis is needed to progress toward understanding disease pathology and developing improved treatment options. The goal of this study is to identify pathogenic factors that are linked to disease severity and patient characteristics. Patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from March 17 to June 5, 2020 were analyzed for clinical features of disease and soluble plasma cytokines in association with disease severity and sex. Data from COVID-19 patients with acute illness were examined along with an age- and gender-matched control cohort. We identified a group of 16 soluble factors that were found to be increased in COVID-19 patients compared to controls, whereas 2 factors were decreased. In addition to inflammatory cytokines, we found significant increases in factors known to mediate vasculitis and vascular remodeling (PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB-BB, soluble CD40L (sCD40L), FGF, and IP10). Four factors such as platelet-derived growth factors, fibroblast growth factor-2, and IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 were strongly associated with severe disease and ICU admission. Th2-related factors (IL-4 and IL-13) were increased with IL-4 and sCD40L present at increased levels in males compared with females. Our analysis revealed networking clusters of cytokines and growth factors, including previously unknown roles of vascular and stromal remodeling, activation of the innate immunity, as well activation of type 2 immune responses in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. These data highlight biomarker associations with disease severity and sex in COVID-19 patients.
Cell for dielectrometric titrations (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCell for dielectrometric titrationsRobert. Megargle and Gustaf. ForsbergCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 6, 1105–1107Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60314a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60314a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interleukin 1 activity in culture supernatant of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes from patients with chronic liver disease. (1984)

We have developed a monocyte function test to determine the Interleukin 1 activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocyte culture supernatant, with or without the addition of indomethacin, in order to investigate helper and suppressor functions of monocytes in patients with chronic liver disease. Release of Interleukin 1 from monocytes was increased in patients with liver cirrhosis (p less than 0.01). Activity of suppressor monocytes was increased both in patients with chronic active hepatitis (p less than 0.01 and in those with liver cirrhosis (p less than 0.001). Since these disorders in the immunoregulatory function of monocytes were enhanced with advancement of liver dysfunction, we conclude that the liver plays an important role in maintaining normal monocyte function, and that chronic liver disease probably relates to dysfunction of monocytes.
The Mercedes-Benz C-Class Series Hybrid (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Series Hybrid project is described concerning the scenario, technical data of vehicle and components and operating strategy. The two prototype cars offer an attractive driveability. Test results show high potential on emission reduction without increasing the consumption.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <figure id="F1" class="figure"> <div class="graphic-wrapper"><img class="article-figure figure" src="981123_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/></div> </figure> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The question is frequently asked as to which concept is the best. It is not so easy to answer this question. It can only mean: which concept is the best for a given application?</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In our opinion parallel hybrids make sense where a vehicle is required to be driven both conventionally and with electric drive only, e.g. conurbation scenario, driving and delivering in sensitive areas.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In terms of weight, packaging and costs, a realization is much easier if electric-only propulsion is only required for a limited performance and range.</div>
Big Data Analytics for Behavior Monitoring of Students (2016)

Security threat from senseless terrorist attacks on unarmed civilians is a major concern in today's society. The recent developments in data technology allow us to have scalable and flexible data capture, storage, processing and analytics. We can utilize these capabilities to help us in dealing with our security related problems. This paper gives a new meaning to behavioral analytics and introduces a new opportunity for analytics in a typical university setting using data that is already present and being utilized in a university environment. We propose the basics of a system based on Big Data technologies that can be used to monitor students and predict whether some of them are becoming prone to deviant ideologies that may lead to terrorism.
A novel route to block copolymers by changing the mechanism from living ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic olefins to aldol condensation polymerization of silyl vinyl ethers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel route to block copolymers by changing the mechanism from living ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic olefins to aldol condensation polymerization of silyl vinyl ethersWilhelm Risse and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 4, 1558–1562Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00194a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00194a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elevated Cytosolic Na <sup>+</sup> Increases Mitochondrial Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Failing Cardiac Myocytes (2010)

Besides matching energy supply and demand, mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake critically regulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. In heart failure, elevated [Na(+)](i) promotes reactive oxygen species formation by reducing mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. This novel mechanism, by which defects in ion homeostasis induce oxidative stress, represents a potential drug target to reduce reactive oxygen species production in the failing heart.
Radiation degradation of α‐substituted acrylate polymers and copolymers (1977)

Abstract Radiation degradation is observed in poly(methyl α‐chloroacrylate), poly(methyl α‐cyanoacrylate), and poly(α‐chloroacrylonitrile) homopolymers and their respective MMA copolymers when γ‐irradiated in vacuo. Polymer degradation susceptibilities are quantified in terms of G (scission radicals) and G (scission) − G (crosslinks), measured by EPR and membrane osmometry, respectively, values by these two methods are compared. Higher G (rads) values ranging from 2 to 6 and [ G ( s ) − G ( x )] values ranging from 2 to 11 are obtained for the substituted polymers and copolymers relative to the values for PMMA (1.6; 1.9), a standard e ‐beam positive resist, which suggests that these modified polymers are more sensitive e ‐beam resists than PMMA.
A Prototype for Graphene Material Simulation:  Structures and Interaction Potentials of Coronene Dimers (2008)

Graphene sheets are the building blocks of carbon nanotubes and a variety of functionalized nanomaterials. Methods to be used for computer-aided design of such materials or for the study of aromatic−aromatic interactions in biopolymers and other soft materials should be validated for smaller systems where reliable estimates of interaction energies are available. In this work, we first validated the M06-2X functional against the S22 database of noncovalent interaction energies of biological importance. We then applied the M06-2X functional to study aromatic−aromatic interactions in coronene dimers. We located six stationary points on the potential energy surface of coronene dimer, we calculated the potential energy curves for the sandwich, T-shaped, and parallel-displaced configurations of this prototype of aromatic−aromatic interactions, and we found that a parallel displaced configuration is the global minimum. The potential curves for the coronene dimers will aid the development of new force fields and potential energy functions that are computationally efficient and capable of modeling large graphene or aromatic clusters.
Koolio: An Autonomous Refrigerator Robot (2006)

paper, we describe the electrical and mechanical makeup of an autonomous delivery robot. We will discuss what processors were used and the tasks each one performs, the sensors that were utilized to evaluate the robots environment, and the steps the robot takes to complete the desired actions.
Privacy protection by concealing persons in circumstantial video image (2001)

A circumstantial video image should convey sufficient situation information, while protecting specific person's privacy information in the scene. This paper proposes a system which automatically identifies a person by face recognition, tracks him or her, and displays the image of the person in modified form such as silhouette with or without name, or only name in characters (i.e. invisible person). A subjective evaluation experiment was carried out in order to know how people prefer each modified video image either from observer or subject viewpoint. It turned out that the silhouette display with name list seems to be most appropriate from the balance between protecting privacy and conveying situation information in circumstantial video image.
NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SECTION OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Ophthalmology journal
Tradeoffs In Water Quality Management (1984)

This paper describes a diagram which can be used to assess easily some of the trade offs involved in water quality management decisions. The diagram incorporates wastewater treatment costs, effluent quality, receiving stream water quality and different critical streamflows. The diagram is used in the paper to address the economic effect of specifying a critical low flow, other than the seven‐day ten‐year low flow. Results show that for the case study chosen, significant cost savings could result without substantially reducing the water quality of the receiving stream.