gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Growth Rate and Nutrient Limitation on the Gross Cellular Composition of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Its Resistance to 3- and 4-Chlorophenol (1978)

Concentrations of 3-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol below their minimal inhibitory concentrations were found to increase the permeability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells to protons. Levels of such activity were assessed in suspensions of cells prepared from chemostat-grown cultures, limited by either magnesium (Mg-lim) or glucose (G-lim), with the use of five growth rates. Drug concentrations required to produce the same levels of proton translocation varied with the growth rate and the nutrient limiting growth. Fast-growing cultures were more sensitive than slower-growing ones, and G-lim cells were generally more sensitive than Mg-lim ones. 3-Chlorophenol had greater activity than 4-chlorophenol at slow growth rates, but at faster rates of growth their activity was similar. Variation in these iso-effective concentrations for different cells probably reflected an alteration in the ease of drug penetration of the outer envelope. Uptake of the compounds by cells in suspension varied, drug-sensitive bacteria absorbing more than resistant ones. This variation in uptake persisted when bacteria were solvent-extracted to remove readily extractable lipids (REL). Since no significant alteration in cell size was observed among the growth conditions studied, variation in absorption probably resulted from an altered affinity of the cells to the drug, with little involvement of REL. Overall REL content did not alter significantly with growth rate or nutrient limitation. However, total phospholipid content decreased and fatty acid content increased with increasing growth rate. For G-lim and Mg-lim cultures phosphatidylcholine content remained constant, yet phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol content decreased with increasing growth rate. Diphosphatidylglycerol content decreased with increasing growth rate for Mg-lim cultures and remained relatively constant for G-lim cultures. Lipopolysaccharide content of the cells was higher in Mg-lim than in G-lim cultures and decreased with increasing growth rate in both cases. Lipopolysaccharide content correlated significantly with drug uptake and sensitivity, and it appeared to determine the degree of penetration of the cell envelope by these chlorinated phenols.
Virtual tool reworking: New strategies in die design using finite element forming simulations (2008)

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) has significantly expedited product development in the automotive industry.In the process design and planning of deep drawing processes, computer-aided design tools and finite element (FE) simulations are used together in order to achieve a high-quality product within an acceptable time-span.Here, finding the right shape for the forming tools is one of the most important tasks.However, when the tools are manufactured and tested on the prototype press the quality of the prototype parts rarely satisfies the requirements straightaway.Therefore, manual reworking of the forming tools is required.Because reworking is highly time-consuming and because a lot of experience is required by the tool technicians, this is the most significant bottleneck in the process-planning today.The two phenomena that cause problems in the product quality are the deformation of the press and forming tools during forming, and the springback of the product after release of the tools.Especially when high-strength steels are used, both phenomena cause significant problems.To a large extent, they cannot be avoided and therefore they have to be compensated in the shape of the forming tools.In this thesis, various algorithmic methods are developed to carry out this compensation in a numerical context.Ideally, the goal is to avoid tool reworking altogether, and to achieve this goal, three problems need to be solved: Firstly, the accuracy of the forming simulation must be improved in order to obtain a reliable representation of the forming process.Secondly, an algorithmic framework needs to be developed for the geometrical compensation of the forming tools.Thirdly, the proposed shape changes must be transferred back to the CAD description of the tools.
Unified model for nonideal multicomponent molecular diffusion coefficients (2007)

Abstract Multicomponent diffusion is important in a variety of applications. In order to calculate diffusion flux, molecular diffusion coefficients are required, where fluid nonideality and the multicomponent nature of the mixture have a significant effect. A unified model for the calculation of diffusion coefficients of gas, liquid and supercritical states of nonpolar multicomponent mixtures is presented. A new correlation is proposed for the binary infinite dilution‐diffusion coefficients. The generalized Vignes relation is used in multicomponent mixtures. Nonideality is rigorously described by the fugacity derivatives evaluated by the volume‐translated Peng‐Robinson equation of state. Predictions for highly nonideal gas and liquid multicomponent mixtures demonstrate the reliability of the proposed methodology. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Nondestructive testing using electromagnetic instrumentation (1983)

Mechanical, structural and geometrical properties of metals, such as the presence of defects, hardness, degree of heat treatment, and dimensions can often be tested nondestructively by electromagnetic methods. These methods include the use of eddy currents and magnetic particles, which are particularly effective for locating and sizing surface and subsurface defects, and the application of magnetic hysteresis. The established techniques and some of their more recent developments are described.
The Evolution of Laparoscopic Sterilization (1976)

ABSTRACT Historical and technical considerations pertaining to laparoscopic sterilization techniques, including changes that have occurred in the use of some laparoscopic techniques, are presented. Methods of tubal occlusion applicable with laparoscopy are outlined, and rates of selected complications associated with different laparoscopic procedures are reviewed. The future development of laparoscopic sterilization techniques is considered.
Trapidil Inhibits Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–Stimulated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade (1998)

Trapidil, an antiplatelet drug, has been shown to reduce restenosis after angioplasty. It exerts its action, at least in part, by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, antagonizing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). We examined its site of action on PDGF cellular signaling. Exposure of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells to increasing concentrations of trapidil for 18 hours resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in PDGF-BB-stimulated [3H] thymidine incorporation. Trapidil (400 microg/mL) increased PDGF beta-receptor protein by 28+/-8%, whereas PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF beta-receptor remained unchanged. PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma, the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase, Ras GTPase-activating protein, and an adaptor molecule Shc were also not altered. On the other hand, trapidil inhibited PDGF-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activity by 35+/-7% at 10 minutes and by 32+/-10% at 6 hours. Activation of Raf-1, an upstream activator of MAP kinase, by PDGF was also attenuated by trapidil. Moreover, protein content of MAP kinase phosphatase-1, which inactivates MAP kinase, was elevated in trapidil-treated cells. These actions of trapidil may be mediated by cAMP. Thus, there was a 1.9-fold increase in cellular cAMP generation in trapidil-treated cells. The present results demonstrate that trapidil antagonizes PDGF-induced mitogenesis and MAP kinase activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, probably through cAMP.
An Expert System for the Selection of Input Devices (1989)

This research effort consisted of the development and implementation of a user interface model in an expert system. The model, User-Input Device Model (UIDM), was composed of three parts: user, device, and task components. The expert system, Input Device Selection Assistant (IDSA), applied primary and secondary measures of ergonomic criteria on combinations of the UIDM components to develop a knowledge base for the selection of an input device. Personal Consultant Plus provided the inference engine to determine the most appropriate device. Results of experimentation and experience taken from human factors literature composed the expertise.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of <i>Malassezia</i> allergens for atopic dermatitis and isolation of Mal f 4 homologs with mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (1999)

The yeast Malassezia furfur is a natural inhabitant of the human skin microflora that induces an allergic reaction in atopic dermatitis. To identify allergens of M. furfur, we separated a crude preparation of M. furfur antigens as discrete spots by 2-D PAGE and detected IgE-binding proteins using sera of atopic dermatitis patients. We identified the known allergens, Mal f 2 and Mal f 3, and determined N-terminal amino acid sequences of six new IgE-binding proteins including Mal f 4. The cDNA and genomic DNA encoding Mal f 4 were cloned and sequenced. The gene was mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and encoded Mal f 4 composed of 315 amino acids and a signal sequence of 27 amino acids. We purified Mal f 4, which had a molecular mass of 35 kDa from a membrane fraction of a lysate of cultured cells. Thirty of 36 M. furfur-allergic atopic dermatitis patients (83.3%) had elevated serum levels of IgE to purified Mal f 4, indicating that Mal f 4 is a major allergen. There was a significant correlation of the Phadebas RAST unit values of Mal f 4 and the crude antigen, but not between Mal f 4 and the known allergen Mal f 2.
Analysis of the mechanism of ATP stimulation of calf thymus DNA .alpha.-polymerase (1984)

Biochemical kinetic analyses of the ATP stimulation of the A2 form of calf DNA alpha-polymerase show that when DNA or primer termini are the variable substrates, maximum reaction velocity is independent of ATP concentration. When dNTP concentration is the variable substrate, the apparent Km is invariant with ATP. Such results indicate that the increase in the synthetic rate caused by ATP results from an improvement in synthesis initiation at primer termini. The effect of ATP on the DNA binding affinity of alpha-A2-polymerase was examined by using column chromatography. Passage of the polymerase through native DNA-cellulose at 70 mM ionic strength resulted in 40% binding of the enzyme. In the presence of 4 mM ATP, binding increased to 80%. In both cases, the bound polymerase could be eluted by a 370 mM ionic strength wash. An elution profile similar to that observed in the absence of ATP was obtained with 0.1 mM ATP, 4 mM GTP, or 4 mM each of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogues adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate or adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate). These results suggest that hydrolysis of the gamma-phosphate occurs at millimolar levels of ATP and leads to a higher affinity of polymerase for DNA. To distinguish the effects of ATP on RNA priming from those on DNA synthesis, products synthesized processively by alpha-A2-polymerase were sized by gel filtration. Results indicate that essentially all products made on a gapped fd replicative form template in the presence of four dNTPs and 4 mM ATP result from the extension of preexisting DNA primers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The genome sequence of<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>type C neurotoxin-converting phage and the molecular mechanisms of unstable lysogeny (2005)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTXs) produced by Clostridium botulinum are among the most poisonous substances known. Of the seven types of BoNTXs, genes for type C1 and D toxins (BoNTX/C1 and D) are carried by bacteriophages. The gene for exoenzyme C3 also resides on these phages. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of c-st, a representative of BoNTX/C1-converting phages. The genome is a linear double-stranded DNA of 185,682 bp with 404-bp terminal direct repeats, the largest known temperate phage genome. We identified 198 potential protein-coding regions, including the genes for production of BoNTX/C1 and exoenzyme C3. Very exceptionally, as a viable bacteriophage, a number of insertion sequences were found on the c-st genome. By analyzing the molecular structure of the c-st genome in lysogens, we also found that it exists as a circular plasmid prophage. These features account for the unstable lysogeny of BoNTX phages, which has historically been called "pseudolysogeny." The PCR scanning analysis of other BoNTX/C1 and D phages based on the c-st sequence further revealed that BoNTX phages comprise a divergent phage family, probably generated by exchanging genomic segments among BoNTX phages and their relatives.
QTL Analysis of High Thermotolerance with Superior and Downgraded Parental Yeast Strains Reveals New Minor QTLs and Converges on Novel Causative Alleles Involved in RNA Processing (2013)

Revealing QTLs with a minor effect in complex traits remains difficult. Initial strategies had limited success because of interference by major QTLs and epistasis. New strategies focused on eliminating major QTLs in subsequent mapping experiments. Since genetic analysis of superior segregants from natural diploid strains usually also reveals QTLs linked to the inferior parent, we have extended this strategy for minor QTL identification by eliminating QTLs in both parent strains and repeating the QTL mapping with pooled-segregant whole-genome sequence analysis. We first mapped multiple QTLs responsible for high thermotolerance in a natural yeast strain, MUCL28177, compared to the laboratory strain, BY4742. Using single and bulk reciprocal hemizygosity analysis we identified MKT1 and PRP42 as causative genes in QTLs linked to the superior and inferior parent, respectively. We subsequently downgraded both parents by replacing their superior allele with the inferior allele of the other parent. QTL mapping using pooled-segregant whole-genome sequence analysis with the segregants from the cross of the downgraded parents, revealed several new QTLs. We validated the two most-strongly linked new QTLs by identifying NCS2 and SMD2 as causative genes linked to the superior downgraded parent and we found an allele-specific epistatic interaction between PRP42 and SMD2. Interestingly, the related function of PRP42 and SMD2 suggests an important role for RNA processing in high thermotolerance and underscores the relevance of analyzing minor QTLs. Our results show that identification of minor QTLs involved in complex traits can be successfully accomplished by crossing parent strains that have both been downgraded for a single QTL. This novel approach has the advantage of maintaining all relevant genetic diversity as well as enough phenotypic difference between the parent strains for the trait-of-interest and thus maximizes the chances of successfully identifying additional minor QTLs that are relevant for the phenotypic difference between the original parents.
Activation of a Kilo Joule Energy Variable Shape Long Pulse System For the Vulcan Glass Laser (2008)

We describe an upgrade to the KJ Vulcan Glass laser system where the temporal shape of the laser pulse can be arbitrarily chosen. We use waveguide modulators before amplification in a diode pumped regenerative amplifier.
THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE NUCLEI IN SPORES AND GROWING HYPHAE OF MUCORALES: II. PHYCOMYCES BLAKESLEEANUS (1957)

Nuclei of the sporangiospores of seven strains and the growing hyphae of five strains of Phycomyces blakesleeanus have been examined in fixed and stained preparations. One strain was found to have unusually large nuclei and has been studied in detail. The nuclei in the sporangiospores consist of Feulgenpositive granules and short filaments in a diffuse matrix. In the ordinary strains the nuclei occur in a narrow range of sizes with their largest diameters around 2 microns. In the spores of the unusual culture the nuclei are of several sizes and many have diameters around 4 and 5 microns.Similar differences are found between the nuclei in growing mycelia. The nuclei in hyphae resemble those of Mucor hiemalis. They consist of a shell of tightly packed granules and filaments of chromatin curving around a relatively large nucleolus. The nuclei divide by elongation followed by constriction. The nucleolus divides at the same time and in the same way and half of it passes to each sister nucleus. The possibility is discussed that the strain with the large nuclei may have had its origin in a spore formed by a germinating zygote and containing both haploid and diploid nuclei. The nuclei of the unusual culture, first examined 3 years ago, have preserved their large size through many cycles of vegetative propagation.
Nanolithography: Thermochemical Nanolithography of Multifunctional Nanotemplates for Assembling Nano‐Objects (Adv. Funct. Mater. 23/2009) (2009)

On page 3696, Wang et al. report on the nanoscale chemical surface patterning of different chemical species (amine, thiol, aldehyde, and biotin) in independent nanopatterns by the iterative application of thermochemical nanolithography. Due to the unique chemical stability of the patterns, the resultant substrates can be stored for weeks and subsequently be used for the selective attachment of nanometer-sized objects, such as proteins or DNA, using standard chemical protocols.
The prognostic significance of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 in non-small-cell lung cancer (2015)

FGFR4 is an independent prognostic biomarker in NSCLC. FGFR4 can accelerate the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines, indicating FGFR4 could be a potential drug target of NSCLC.
Transcriptional Regulation of Tissue Factor Expression in Human Endothelial Cells (1995)

Tissue factor (TF) expression by endothelial cells is implicated in thrombotic episodes in patients with a variety of clinical disorders. In a baboon model of lethal sepsis, TF is expressed by endothelial cells in the splenic microvasculature. In vitro, endothelial cells are induced to express TF in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). Here, we identified cis-acting regulatory elements that control TF gene transcription in primary human endothelial cells. Functional studies showed that the TF promoter contained a 56-bp enhancer (-227 to -172 bp), which included two activator protein-1 (AP-1) sites and a kappa B-like site, that mediated induction by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and LPS. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that endothelial cells contained constitutive AP-1 binding activity, whereas the kappa B-like site, 5'-CGGAGTTTCC-3', bound an inducible nuclear complex composed of c-Rel-p65 heterodimers. Taken together, our data suggest that induction of TF gene transcription in endothelial cells is mediated by functional interactions between Fos-Jun and c-Rel-p65 heterodimers.
COMPARISON OF SOFT TISSUE HEALING AND OSSEOINTEGRATION OF IMZ IMPLANTS PLACED IN ONE-STAGE AND TWO-STAGE TECHNIQUES (1996)

The osseointegration of endosseous dental implants is well documented. Implants have proven to be a viable treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. The surgical phase of implant dentistry for most implant systems involves two stages--the placement of the implant and its subsequent uncovering. The IMZ (Interpore International) implant system is classically a two-stage system. No significant differences were demonstrated in osseointegration and soft tissue healing for IMZ implants placed in one-stage and two-stage procedures in this pilot study.
Joint audio-video processing of MPEG encoded sequences (2003)

The current research efforts in the field of video parsing and analysis are focused on the use of pictorial information, while neglecting an important supplementary source of content information such as the embedded audio or soundtrack. In contrast, we address the issue of scene change detection with the use of video and audio information. We also discuss how joint exploitation of audio and video can be thoroughly performed on MPEG encoded video sequences. First experimental results are presented and discussed.
Aberrant Expression of CD7 in Myeloblasts Is Highly Associated With De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemias With<i>FLT3</i>/<i>ITD</i>Mutation (2008)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with normal cytogenetics represents approximately 40% to 50% of de novo AML. This heterogeneous AML subgroup constitutes the single largest cytogenetic group with an intermediate prognosis. Previous studies have suggested that the Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) mutation-positive de novo AML may represent a distinctive subgroup of AML. We analyzed the clinical and pathologic features of 15 cases of de novo AML with normal cytogenetics and with the FLT3/ITD mutation. In comparison with patients with AML without the FLT3/ITD mutation, patients with FLT3/ITD+ AML are relatively younger, more often have marked peripheral leukocytosis with a higher number of circulating blasts at initial examination, more often have minimal differentiation morphologic features, more frequently have abnormal CD7 coexpression, and have poorer outcome. Close association of aberrant CD7 expression and FLT3/ITD mutation in the myeloblasts of FLT3/ITD+ AML suggests that FLT3/ITD- mediated leukemic transformation occurs in the more early stage of myeloid progenitor cells.
Cholinergic stimulation alters performance and task-specific regional cerebral blood flow during working memory (1997)

Modulation of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system results in changes in memory performance, including working memory (WM), in animals and in patients with Alzheimer disease. To identify associated changes in the functional brain response, we studied performance measures and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy subjects during performance of a WM task. Eight control subjects received an infusion of saline throughout the study and 13 experimental subjects received a saline infusion for the first 2 scans followed by a continuous infusion of physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, for the subsequent 8 scans. rCBF was measured using H215O and PET in a sequence of 10 PET scans that alternated between rest and task scans. During task scans, subjects performed the WM task for faces. Physostigmine both improved WM efficiency, as indicated by faster reaction times, and reduced WM task-related activity in anterior and posterior regions of right midfrontal gyrus, a region shown previously to be associated with WM. Furthermore, the magnitudes of physostigmine-induced change in reaction time and right midfrontal rCBF correlated. These results suggest that enhancement of cholinergic function can improve processing efficiency and thus reduce the effort required to perform a WM task, and that activation of right prefrontal cortex is associated with task effort.
The effect of the androgen status of rams on sexual activity and fructose concentration in the semen (1973)

Sexually active and sexually inhibited rams had similar concentrations of fructose in their semen. The injection of 40 mg testosterone propionate every alternate day did not stimulate sexual activity in the sexually inhibited rams, nor did it increase the libido of rams which were already sexually active. The only effect the injections of testosterone propionate had on the semen was to increase the concentration of fructose in the seminal plasma.