gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attending to large dynamic displays (2008)

Although studies have shown that physically large displays bring benefits in performance and user satisfaction, the expanded field-of-view (FOV) places considerably higher demands on our cognitive capacities. Understanding how we process information over a wide FOV is increasingly important to optimize interface design. So far, however, empirical investigations are scarce. We present an experimental paradigm and framework for research with large displays and we report a preliminary experiment that explores attentional performance over a wide FOV. The paradigm simulates aspects of tasks that are facilitated by large displays. Our data suggest that processing abilities in the center and periphery are similar only if distractors are not present. With distractors, peripheral processing is disrupted and performance is poorer than in the center. In general, both accuracy and speed decline if the user must process information simultaneously in both areas. We discuss the implications for interface design, and describe further work that we are planning within this framework.
Repetitive Trauma Disorders: Job Evaluation and Design (1986)

Repetitive trauma disorders of the upper extremity are a major cause of lost work in many hand-intensive industries. Reported risk factors include repetitive and forceful exertions, certain postures, mechanical stress, low temperatures, gloves, and vibration. Risk factors can be identified with job analysis procedures based on traditional work-methods analysis. Risk factors can be controlled through reallocation of work, balancing of tools, selection of alternative tool designs, work relocation, selection of suitable hand protection, and elimination of hand exposure to low temperatures and vibration. Drawing-board manikins are used with computer-aided design systems to estimate the best work location for a given task.
Towards Benign Synthesis of Indenes from Indanones: Zinc‐Mediated Allylation of Ketones in Aqueous Media as a Source of Substituted Indenyl Ligand Precursors (2005)

Abstract Substituted indenes are valuable ligand precursors for transition‐metal complexes. Previously, most of the methods employed for the preparation of alkyl‐substituted indenes have involved the use of air‐sensitive organometallic lithium or Grignard reagents, often in combination with expensive metal catalysts. The present work evaluates an approach to the synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐allyl‐substituted indenes by employing a simple, environmentally benign organometallic zinc‐mediated Barbier‐type allylation of 1‐ and 2‐indanones in aqueous media. A large series of new achiral and racemic indenyl ligand precursors have been prepared in variable yields byreacting substituted and unsubstituted indanones with allyl‐,crotyl‐, and cinnamyl halides using metallic zinc as the me‐diating metal in THF/NH 4 Cl aq followed by acid‐catalyzed dehydration. The method described is applicable also for indanones containing unprotected halide‐ and hydroxyl substituents. As an example of extension of the approach, some indenes have been further hydrosilylated with achiral silanes and disilanes in the presence of Karstedt’s catalyst to provide new silaalkyl‐substituted indenes and bis(indenes). Hydrosilylation with a chiral silane, (+)‐( R )‐methyl‐1‐naphthalenylphenylsilane, provides access to new chirally substituted indenes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Evaluating bad query abandonment in an iterative SMS-based FAQ retrieval system (2013)

In this paper, we investigate how many iterations users are willing to tolerate in an iterative Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) system that provides information on HIV/AIDS. This is part of work in progress that aims to develop an automated Frequently Asked Question system that can be used to provide answers on HIV/AIDS related queries to users in Botswana. Our system engages the user in the question answering process by following an iterative interaction approach in order to avoid giving inappropriate answers to the user. Our findings provide us with an indication of how long users are willing to engage with the system. We subsequently use this to develop a novel evaluation metric to use in future developments of the system. As an additional finding, we show that the previous search experience of the users has a significant effect on their future behaviour.
The Role of the Vagal Nerve in Peripheral PYY3–36-Induced Feeding Reduction in Rats (2005)

Peptide YY (PYY), an anorectic peptide, is secreted postprandially from the distal gastrointestinal tract. PYY(3-36), the major form of circulating PYY, binds to the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor (Y2-R) with a high-affinity, reducing food intake in rodents and humans. Additional gastrointestinal hormones involved in feeding, including cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and ghrelin, transmit satiety or hunger signals to the brain via the vagal afferent nerve and/or the blood stream. Here we determined the role of the afferent vagus nerve in PYY function. Abdominal vagotomy abolished the anorectic effect of PYY(3-36) in rats. Peripheral administration of PYY(3-36) induced Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus of sham-operated rats but not vagotomized rats. We showed that Y2-R is synthesized in the rat nodose ganglion and transported to the vagal afferent terminals. PYY(3-36) stimulated firing of the gastric vagal afferent nerve when administered iv. Considering that Y2-R is present in the vagal afferent fibers, PYY(3-36) could directly alter the firing rate of the vagal afferent nerve via Y2-R. We also investigated the effect of ascending fibers from the nucleus of the solitary tract on the transmission of PYY(3-36)-mediated satiety signals. In rats, bilateral midbrain transections rostral to the nucleus of the solitary tract also abolished PYY(3-36)-induced reductions in feeding. This study indicates that peripheral PYY(3-36) may transmit satiety signals to the brain in part via the vagal afferent pathway.
Anxiogenic effects of high illumination levels assessed with the acoustic startle response in rats (1997)

Previous studies have shown that the amplitude of the acoustic startle reflex is increased by the presentation of aversive stimuli. In the present study, the amplitude of acoustic startle in rats was increased by exposure to high illumination levels. The effect was directly related to the intensity (0, 8, 70, and 700 footlamberts) of illumination (experiment I); was blocked by the anxiolytic compound buspirone (experiment II); and showed little or no habituation with repeated testing (experiment III). These results suggest that the elevation of startle amplitude by light may reflect an unconditioned anxiogenic effect of high illumination levels. The possible utility of this phenomenon as an animal model of anxiety is discussed.
A true enhancement mode device technology suitable for dual mode dual band power amplifier applications (2003)

We have developed a true enhancement mode AlGaAs/InGaAs heterostructure insulated-gate FET technology that combines single supply operation with state-of-the-art linearity and efficiency performance for both digital and analog portable communications. The measured linearity and efficiency performance of this technology rivals or surpasses the results achieved by PHEMT and HBT devices reported to date. For the NADC modulation format at 1800 MHz and VDS=3.6 V, a power-added efficiency of 50% has been achieved at +30.6 dBm output power, -30 dBc adjacent channel power and -49 dBc alternate channel power.
Global observations of stratospheric heavy ozone isotopologue enrichment with the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (2013)

The Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) measures thermal emission lines of several minor ozone isotopologues such as symmetric and asymmetric O3-18 and asymmetric O3-17 at the atmospheric limb. The global data set spans over 11 years starting in late 2001. The basic characteristics and limitations of the observational data are presented and the global distribution of heavy ozone isotopologue enrichment as seen by Odin is described and discussed. Best results in terms of spatial coverage are obtained for asymmetric O3-18, which shows a characteristic increase of the enrichment in the middle to upper stratosphere and the smallest enrichment in the polar lower stratosphere. Symmetric O3-18 is characterised by a layer of maximum enrichment in the middle stratosphere.
Spleen Cancer Symptoms and Diagnosis (2020)

Spleen cancer is cancer that develops in your spleen — an organ located within the upper-left side of your belly. It’s a part of your lymphatic system.

Spleen cancer is often either primary or secondary. If spleen cancer is primary, it starts within the spleen. If it’s secondary, it starts in another organ and spreads to the spleen. Both types are uncommon.
Dynamic Hypermedia Presentations: A Model and its Implementation. (1997)

In this paper a generic, platform independent design for interactive hyperlink in dynamic media presentation is proposed. The design is concerned with temporal and spatial features of dynamic multimedia composition and hyperlink as well as handling the interaction with the user. As refer to the specification-based approach for modeling the presentation scenario and the user interaction, I present a generalized dynamic hypermedia system (GDHS) model. Through this proposed model, issues of authoring, rendering and hyperlinking of multimedia information can be laid to rest. A generalized dynamic hypermedia generator (DDHG), which offers considerable potential for the development of dynamic hypermedia presentations is introduced. A distributed dynamic hypermedia browser (DDHB) have been developed for navigating various distributed dynamic hypermedia systems. The testbed systems have been implemented on an IBM-PC under Windows 95, in which several educational dynamic hypermedia applications have been successfully developed. Moreover, with the help of this prototype, the development time to build such dynamic hypermedia presentations are considerably reduced when compared with the development of the same application using existing programming languages.
Microtubule acetylation and stability may explain alcohol-induced alterations in hepatic protein trafficking (2007)

These results indicate that altered microtubule dynamics explain in part alcohol-induced defects in membrane trafficking.
Complex parts made in photochemical process (1989)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTComplex parts made in photochemical processWARD WORTHYCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1989, 67, 15, 27–28Publication Date (Print):April 10, 1989Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 10 April 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v067n015.p027Copyright © 1989 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (541 KB) SUBJECTS:3D printing,Electromagnetic radiation,Lasers,Organic polymers,Plastics Get e-Alerts
Acetaminophen toxicity to cultured rat embryos (1990)

We tested the effects of acetaminophen on cultured rat embryo development. When added directly to culture media at 300 microM, a concentration approximately twice the human therapeutic blood level, acetaminophen caused abnormalities in the cultured embryos. Sera from both rats and monkeys following gavage with acetaminophen were also toxic to cultured embryos. The sera toxicities were related to acetaminophen concentrations, and the toxicity could be removed by serum dialysis. With regard to the metabolism of acetaminophen, glutathione levels in the yolk sac decreased in a concentration related fashion with addition of the drug. Also, buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, appeared to enhance acetaminophen embryo toxicity, and N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione precursor, appeared to protect embryos from acetaminophen toxicity. These results suggested that acetaminophen embryo toxicity resulted from direct exposure of embryos to acetaminophen and not a maternal metabolite.
Rheology of Filled Siloxane Polymers (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRheology of Filled Siloxane PolymersE. L. WarrickCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 9, 1816–1820Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50549a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50549a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Gene Expression Using Gene Sets Discriminates Cancer Patients with and without Late Radiation Toxicity (2006)

Gene expression profiling succeeded to some extent in discriminating groups of patients with and without severe late radiotherapy toxicity. Moreover, the discriminative power was enhanced by assessment of functionally or structurally related gene sets. While prediction of individual response requires improvement, this study is a step forward in predicting susceptibility to late radiation toxicity.
Investigations on Modeling BRIR Tails with Filtered and Coherence-Matched Noise (2009)

This paper investigates to which extent the tails of left and right binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) can be replaced by white Gaussian noise that has been processed to have the same energy decay relief and interaural coherence as the original BRIRsâ tail. For this purpose BRIRs were generated consisting of two parts where the first part is taken from the original BRIR and the second part is filtered and coherencematched noise. A sub jective test was carried out to investigate how the perceived similarity between original and modeled BRIRs decreases as the split point between the parts approaches the direct sound part of the BRIRs. Also, frequency-dependent and conventional frequency-independent interaural coherence matching were compared.
Characteristics of Multiconductor, Asymmetric, Slow-Wave Microstrip Transmission Lines (1986)

Spectral-domain technique has heen applied to analyze multiconductor, asymmetric, slow-wave microstrip lines. It is observed that 1) the coupled slow-wave microstrip line on a two-layer substrate may have substantially different propagation constants for even and odd modes and 2) the slow-wave factor of an odd mode of coupled microstrip lines on a three-layer substrate may be equal to or larger than that of an even mode under appropriate conditions. This presents the flexibility to realize a large variety of passive components, such as directional couplers, phase shifters, and attenuators.
Quantitative imaging and correction for cascade gamma radiation of<sup>76</sup>Br with 2D and 3D PET (2002)

Several positron emitting nuclides with applications in PET, such as 76Br, 124I, 110In and 86Y, also emit gamma radiation in their decays. Measured coincidences between annihilation photons and this cascade gamma radiation are essentially true coincidences and the standard PET corrections do not account for them. We investigated the performance of 76Br in 2D and 3D PET, the effect of the gamma radiation emitted by 76Br on quantitative accuracy and the distribution of cascade gamma radiation coincidences in 2D and 3D PET sinograms. A correction method for cascade gamma radiation coincidences was implemented and evaluated. Count rate linearity was affected by the gamma radiation from the 76Br decay. Spatial resolution and sphere recovery were slightly worse for 76Br compared to 18F. Correction for cascade gamma radiation coincidences by subtraction of a linear projection tail fit improved total correction accuracy to similar values as for positron-only emitters such as 18F, and improved image contrast significantly.
Viscosity–concentration relationships in solutions of high polymers (1960)

Measurements of the viscosities of a number of polymer-solvent systems have shown that an exponential expression, η = η0e[η]c, is applicable in the Concentration range up to c = 0.13 g./lOO cc. of solvent to within the precision of the experimental measurements. This exponential equat.ion lends itself readily to the determination of the intrinsic viscosity [η] from a single determination of η/η0 and is therefore of great use in determining molecular weights of high polymers from a Houwink-type expression. At higher concentrations, departures from the exponential equation occur, but agreement remains reasonably good up to a con- centration of 1 g./l00 cc. of solvent. The experimental results are compared with those predicted by the exponential expression and with those expected from a Huggins-type equation in which k′ = 0.5, which corresponds to the first two terms of the expanded form of the exponential.
Preparation and Characterization of High Melt Strength Polypropylene (2007)

Compared with conventional polypropylene(PP),high melt strength polypropylene(HMSPP) has more prosperous applications due to its superior overall properties especially the excellent melt processibility.As such,HMSPP has recently become a hotspot of development in many countries.This review summarizes researches in the past few years on the development of HMSPP, from preparation to property characterization,with special emphasis given to the in situ polymerization technique to access long chain branched HMSPP(LCB-HMSPP).The future prospect of HMSPP research is foreseen in the last.
Synthese des Äpfelsäure‐dialdehyds und des 3,6‐Dioxy‐tropans. 1. Mitteilung über Alkaloidsynthesen (1952)

Abstract Durch Umsatz von 2,5‐Dialkoxy‐ und von 2,5‐Diacyloxydihydro‐furan mit unterchloriger oder unterbromiger Säure bzw. mit tert.‐Butylhypochlorit wurden die entsprechenden Derivate des 3‐Oxy‐4‐halogen‐tetrahydro‐furans hergestellt. Die Reduktion des 2,5‐Diäthoxy‐3‐oxy‐4‐brom‐tetrahydro‐furans führte zum 2,5‐Diäthoxy‐3‐oxy‐tetrahydro‐furan, dessen saure Hydrolyse den bisher unbekannten Äpfelsäure‐dialdehyd lieferte.
Analysis of the Pressure Response of a Single-Probe Formation Tester (1992)

Summary The single-probe formation tester is a logging tool used for measuring the vertical pressure profile of formation fluids and retrieving fluid samples. We propose using the pressure measurements taken during this tool's normal operation to determine local values of both the horizontal and vertical permeability (i.e., permeability parallel and perpendicular to the formation bedding planes, respectively) in an anisotropic formation.
Effect of glucose concentration in the growth medium on the synthesis of fatty acids by the yeast <i>Candida bogoriensis</i> (1982)

The yeast Candida bogoriensis produced large quantities of an extracellular glycolipid, the diacetyl sophoroside of 13-hydroxydocosanoic acid, when grown on a standard glucose rich medium (3% glucose, 0.15% yeast extract), but not when grown on a low glucose medium (0.5% glucose, 0.4% yeast extract) (A. J. Cutler and R. J. Light. 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 1944–1950). Glucose levels also affected the quantity and distribution of the free fatty acid and triglyceride fractions synthesized by this organism. Cells grown on the low glucose medium contained palmitate and stearate as the major fatty acids in these two fractions, and a 3-h incubation with [1- 14 C]acetate led primarily to the labeling of these two acids. Cells grown on the standard enriched glucose medium contained relatively less stearate and more behenate than the low glucose grown cells, and the incorporation of [1- 14 C]acetate into stearate was decreased, while that into behenate was increased.Supplementation of low glucose grown cells with glucose led to a rapid stimulation of fatty acid synthesis, primarily palmitate and stearate in the free fatty acid fraction and stearate in the triglyceride fraction. Total triglyceride began to increase a few hours after supplementation, but synthesis of the extracellular glycolipid, and hence 13-hydroxydocosanoic acid, did not occur until 12–24 h after supplementation. The stimulation by glucose of long chain fatty acid synthesis in C. bogoriensis was therefore a process distinct from the glucose stimulation of palmitate and stearate synthesis, though the two events may be causally related.
Cytoplasmic tail of IL-13Rα2 regulates IL-4 signal transduction (2009)

IL (interleukin)-4 and IL-13 are key cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease. IL-4 and IL-13 share many functional properties as a result of their utilization of a common receptor complex comprising IL-13Ralpha1 (IL-13 receptor alpha-chain 1) and IL-4Ralpha. The second IL-13R (IL-13 receptor) has been identified, namely IL-13Ralpha2. This has been thought to be a decoy receptor due to its short cytoplasmic tail and its high binding affinity for IL-13 but not IL-4. IL-13Ralpha2 exists on the cell membrane, intracellularly and in a soluble form. Recent reports revealed that membrane IL-13Ralpha2 may have some signalling capabilities, and a soluble form of IL-13Ralpha2 can be generated in the presence of environmental allergens such as DerP. Interestingly, IL-13Ralpha2 has also been shown to regulate both IL-13 and IL-4 response in primary airway cells, despite the fact that IL-13Ralpha2 does not bind IL-4. The regulator mechanism is still unclear but the physical association of IL-13Ralpha2 with IL-4Ralpha appears to be a key regulatory step. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic tail of IL-13Ralpha2 may interfere with the association or activation of signalling molecules, such as JAK1 (Janus kinase 1), on IL-4Ralpha and thus prevents downstream signal cascade. The receptor has more complicated functions than a simple decoy receptor. In this review, we discuss newly revealed functions of IL-13Ralpha2.