gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Cervical Precancerous Lesion among Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2016 (2016)

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women in the developing countries including Ethiopia. Identifying the factors associated with cervical precancerous lesion may help us to address the cervical cancer related problem. Studies on the issues of factors associated with cervical precancerous lesion in women are limited in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine factors associated with cervical precancerous lesion among women screened for cervical cancer in Addis Ababa. Methods: Hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted in selected health facilities of Addis Ababa city from March to April 2016. Data was collected from 114 cases and 229 controls using interviewer administered questionnaire and entered to Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval and two-tailed P value were calculated. Variables with P value ≤ 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was declared if P value < 0.05. Result: The magnitude of cervical precancerous lesion was 12.8%. Being in the age group of 40-49 years (44.9%) were significantly associated with cervical precancerous lesion than being in age group of 30-39 years (39.07%) (AOR=2.40, 95%CI (1.27-4.54)). Women having history of sexually transmitted infections (18.08%) were significantly associated with cervical precancerous lesion than those who did not have history of sexual transmitted infection (81.92%) (AOR=3.20, 95%CI (1.26-8.10)). Women who had two or more lifetime sexual partners (AOR= 2.17 95%CI (1.01-4.67)) and those whose husband had two or more other lifetime sexual partners (AOR=3.03, 95%CI (1.25, 7.33) were significantly associated with cervical precancerous lesion. Conclusions: Age group of 40-49 years, lifetime history of sexual transmitted infections, two or more life time sexual partners of the women and two or more other lifetime sexual partners of the husband were increasing risk of cervical precancerous lesion. Women above the age of 40 years, with history of sexually transmitted infections and history of multiple sexual partners should be encourage to be screened for cervical cancer. Key Words: cervical cancer, cervical precancerous lesion, Addis Ababa and Ethiopia.
Mr 92,000 gelatinase release correlates with the metastatic phenotype in transformed rat embryo cells. (1990)

In a previous study we described a correlation between the metastatic potential of transformed rat embryo cells (REC) and their release of type IV collagenolytic activity (S. Garbisa et al., Cancer Res., 47: 1523-1528, 1987). In the present study, we have identified a Mr 92,000 gelatinase released exclusively by metastatic cell lines in vitro; seven of eight highly metastatic REC lines transformed by H-ras or H-ras plus v-myc released this enzyme. In contrast, the Mr 92,000 gelatinase was not detected in two separate nontumorigenic REC lines immortalized with H-ras or c-myc or in four independent tumorigenic REC lines (transformed by H-ras plus adenovirus E1A) with markedly reduced metastatic potential. Study of the Mr 92,000 gelatinase in tumor explants showed that its expression may be modulated in vivo. Not only was Mr 92,000 release enhanced in tumor explants from cell lines which released it in vitro, but its expression was evident in three primary tumors and six metastatic tumors from the one metastatic cell line that failed to release it in vitro. Explants from the nonmetastatic cell lines grown as tumors showed no Mr 92,000 gelatinase release. The heterogeneous expression of a number of other gelatinases with molecular weights of 52,000, 56,000, 62,000, 68,000, 80,000, and 240,000 was observed, but no correlation with metastatic potential was apparent. The Mr 92,000 gelatinase had the characteristics of a secreted neutral metalloproteinase. It may be responsible for the type IV collagenolytic activity reported previously in conditioned medium from metastatic transformed REC and could in part be responsible for the differences in metastatic potential in these cell lines.
Polymerizable Ionic Liquid Crystals (2009)

Polymerizable vinylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) that contain mesogenic coumarin and biphenyl units, respectively, have been synthesized. The N-alkylation of N-vinylimidazole with bromoalkylated mesogenic units 7-(6-bromohexyloxy)coumarin (1) and 4,4'-bis(6-bromohexyloxy)biphenyl (2) was then carried out. The thermal behavior of the obtained ILs 3 and 4 was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. These measurements showed that the attached mesogenic units induce the self-assembly of ILs and, therefore, the occurrence of liquid crystalline phases. Subsequently, the ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) 3 and 4 were polymerized by a free-radical mechanism.
High-speed random access optical scanning using a linear MEMS phased array (2018)

We demonstrate a high-speed linear microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) phase modulator capable of random access scanning at 350 kHz, so that any state can be accessed in 2.9 μs from any other state. 670 scan lines with a .87 deg field of view (FOV) are demonstrated in a Fourier regime, with a projected far-field response of 660 lines with an 18 deg FOV after magnification.
Guidelines for noninvasive vascular laboratory testing: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology (2006)

Accompanying the rapid growth of interest in percutaneous vascular interventions, there has been increasing interest among cardiologists in performing noninvasive vascular testing using ultrasound. In an attempt to provide recommendations on the best practices in vascular laboratory testing, this report has been prepared by a writing group from the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology. The document summarizes principles integral to vascular duplex ultrasound--including color Doppler, spectral Doppler waveform analysis, power Doppler, and the use of contrast. Appropriate indications and interpretation of carotid artery, renal artery, abdominal aorta, and peripheral artery ultrasound imaging are described. A dedicated section summarizes noninvasive techniques for physiologic vascular testing of the lower extremity arteries--including measurement of segmental pressures and pulse volume plethysmography. The use of exercise testing in the evaluation of peripheral artery disease, ultrasound evaluation of the lower extremities after percutaneous revascularization, and the diagnosis and management of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is also discussed. A section on the important topic of vascular laboratory accreditation is included. Finally, additional details regarding proper technique for performance of the various vascular tests and procedures are included in the Appendix.
Roll‐to‐Roll Inkjet Printing and Photonic Sintering of Electrodes for ITO Free Polymer Solar Cell Modules and Facile Product Integration (2012)

Small polymer solar cell modules that are manufactured without indium-tin-oxide using only roll-to-roll printing and coating techniques under ambient conditions enable facile integration into a simple demonstrator (for example a laser pointer). Semitransparent front electrode grid structures prepared by roll-to-roll inkjet printing in conjunction with photonic sintering enable preparation of complete modules on flexible substrates and subsequent integration of the modules into a laser pointer demonstrator. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
True-amplitude prestack depth migration (2007)

Abstract Most current true-amplitude migrations correct only for geometric spreading. We present a new prestack depth-migration method that uses the framework of reverse-time migration to compensate for geometric spreading, intrinsic Q losses, and transmission losses. Geometric spreading is implicitly compensated by full two-way wave propagation. Intrinsic Q losses are handled by including a Q-dependent term in the wave equation. Transmission losses are compensated based on an estimation of angle-dependent reflectivity using a two-pass recursive reverse-time prestack migration. The image condition used is the ratio of receiver/source wavefield amplitudes. Two-dimensional tests using synthetic data for a dipping-layer model and a salt model show that loss-compensating prestack depth migration can produce reliable angle-dependent reflection coefficients at the target. The reflection coefficient curves are fitted to give least-squares estimates of the velocity ratio at the target. The main new result is a procedure for transmission compensation when extrapolating the receiver wavefield. There are still a number of limitations (e.g., we use only scalar extrapolation for illustration), but these limitations are now better defined.
An extended data function and its generalized backprojection for image reconstruction in helical cone-beam CT (2004)

We have recently proposed a general formula (i.e., equations (9) to (11) in Zou and Pan (2004a Phys. Med. Biol. 49 941-59)) for image reconstruction from helical cone-beam data. On the basis of the formula, we have also developed two reconstruction algorithms, which are referred to as the backprojection filtration (BPF) algorithm (Zou and Pan 2004a) and the filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm (Zou and Pan 2004b Phys. Med. Biol. 49 2717-31), respectively. The two algorithms have been implemented and evaluated in numerical studies. In this note, however, we point out that the data function previously used for proving the general formula in Zou and Pan (2004a) is incomplete and that, instead, an extended data function and its generalized backprojection, which are described in this note, should be used to complete the proof of the general formula. On the other hand, we also demonstrate in this note that the additional term in the extended data function has no effect on the previously developed BPF and FBP algorithms. The results can also be extended to general, smooth trajectories.
Preloading Hydrous Ferric Oxide into Granular Activated Carbon for Arsenic Removal (2008)

Arsenic is of concern in water treatment because of its health effects. This research focused on incorporating hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) into granular activated carbon (GAC) for the purpose of arsenic removal. Iron was incorporated into GAC via incipient wetness impregnation and cured at temperatures ranging from 60 to 90 degrees C. X-ray diffractions and arsenic sorption as a function of pH were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on final iron oxide (hydroxide) and their arsenic removal capabilities. Results revealed that when curing at 60 degrees C, the procedure successfully created HFO in the pores of GAC, whereas at temperatures of 80 and 90 degrees C, the impregnated iron oxide manifested a more crystalline form. In the column tests using synthetic water, the HFO-loaded GAC prepared at 60 degrees C also showed higher sorption capacities than media cured at higher temperatures. These results indicated that the adsorption capacity for arsenic was closely related to the form of iron (hydr)oxide for a given iron content For the column test using a natural groundwater, HFO-loaded GAC (Fe, 11.7%) showed an arsenic sorption capacity of 26 mg As/g when the influent contained 300 microg/L As. Thus, the preloading of HFO into a stable GAC media offered the opportunity to employ fixed carbon bed reactors in water treatment plants or point-of-use filters for arsenic removal.
Orthogonal Regioselective Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐Alkyl‐3‐substituted Tetrahydroindazolones (2010)

Abstract A divergent strategy for the regioselective and orthogonal synthesis of complementary regioisomers of N ‐alkyl‐3‐substituted‐tetrahydroindazolones 3 and 4 was achieved from Boc‐protected alkylhydrazines 1 . The robustness and substrate generality of this method were validated by synthesizing 3 and 4 through the intra‐ and intermolecular condensation of 1 with various 2‐acylcyclohexane‐1,3‐diones 2 and aldehydes, respectively.
Differential Effects of Omeprazole and Pantoprazole on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Clopidogrel in Healthy Subjects: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Comparison Studies (2010)

Four randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover studies were conducted among 282 healthy subjects to investigate whether an interaction exists between clopidogrel (300-mg loading dose/75-mg/day maintenance dose) and the proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) omeprazole (80 mg) when they are administered simultaneously (study 1); whether the interaction, if any, can be mitigated by administering clopidogrel and omeprazole 12 h apart (study 2) or by increasing clopidogrel to 600-mg loading/150-mg/day maintenance dosing (study 3); and whether the interaction applies equally to the PPI pantoprazole (80 mg) (study 4). Relative to levels after administration of clopidogrel alone in studies 1,2,3, and 4, coadministration of PPI decreased the AUC(0-24) of the clopidogrel active metabolite H4 by 40, 47, 41, and 14% (P ≤ 0.002), respectively; increased maximal platelet aggregation (MPA) induced by 5 micromol/l adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by 8.0, 5.6, 8.1, and 4.3% (P ≤ 0.014), respectively; and increased the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation-platelet reactivity index (VASP-PRI) by 20.7, 27.1, 19.0 (P < 0.0001), and 3.9% (P = 0.3319), respectively. The results suggest that a metabolic drug-drug interaction exists between clopidogrel and omeprazole but not between clopidogrel and pantoprazole.
Injectable polydimethylsiloxane-hydroxyapatite composite cement. (2003)

An injectable polydimethylsiloxane/hydroxyapatite (PDMS/HAp) composite cement was synthesised using linear PDMS and HAp (particles of about 100 nm in size) of different mass fractions. The effect of HAp mass fraction (5-60 mass%) on the hardness of PDMS/HAp composite cement was investigated. The hardness achieved is 25-49 degrees ShA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the cross-linking process and the influence of HAp on the temperature and duration of PDMS/HAp cross-linking. The microstructure of composite cement surfaces after 10 days in vivo tests was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of well-adhered macrophages, fibroblasts and monocytes was found on the implant surface upon its extraction from the organism.
TRAP INTEGRITY IN THE LAM IN ARIA HIGH-NANCAR TROUGH REGION,TIMOR SEA: PREDICTION OF FAULT SEAL FAILURE USING WELL-CONSTRAINED STRESS TENSORS AND FAULT SURFACES INTERPRETED FROM 3D SEISMIC (2000)

Drilling in the Laminaria High and Nancar Trough areas has shown that many hydrocarbon traps are underfilled or completely breached. Previous studies have shown that fault-trap integrity is strongly influenced by the state of stress resolved on the reservoir bounding faults, suggesting that careful construction of a geomechanical model may reduce the risk of encountering breached reservoirs in exploration and appraisal wells. The ability of a fault to behave as a seal and support a hydrocarbon column is influenced in part by the principal stress directions and magnitudes, and fault geometry (dip and dip azimuth). If a fault is critically stressed with respect to the present-day stress field, there is a high likelihood that the fault will slip, thereby elevating fault zone permeability that enables hydrocarbons to leak. Leakage could be intermittent depending on the degree and rate of fracture healing, and on the recurrence rate between reactivated slip events. High-resolution wellbore images from over 15 wells have been analysed to construct a well-constrained stress tensor. Constraints are based on geomechanical parameters, along with drilling conditions that are consistent with the style of drilling-induced compressive and tensile wellbore wall failure seen in each of these wells. This regional stress analysis of permits AC/P8, AC/P16 and surrounding areas indicates a non-uniform strike-slip stress regime (SHmax &gt; Sv &gt; Shmin) with the orientation of the maximum principal horizontal stress (SHmax) varying systematically from north to south, similar to that previously reported for the western reaches of ZOCA. On the Laminaria High (AC/P8 and AC/L5), SHmax is 15°N ± 6°. Just south of the Laminaria High, there is a marked transition in the SHmax stress direction to about 63°N ± 6°. Over the Nancar Trough (AC/P16), the orientation is consistently NE-SW. Fault surfaces interpreted from 3D seismic data have been subdivided into discrete segments for the purpose of calculating the shear and normal stresses in order to resolve the Coulomb Failure Function (CFF) on each fault segment. The results have been displayed using 3D visualisation techniques to facilitate interpretation. The magnitude of hydrocarbon accumulation (column height) and leakage (residual column) deduced from well results may be explained in part by the CFF resolved on their respective reservoir-bounding faults. By integrating these stress determination and fault imaging technologies, explorationists and reservoir engineers will gain the ability to use these predictive tools to help quantify the likelihood of encountering a breached reservoir prior to drilling.
Well number, length, and temperature dependence of efficiency and loss in InGaAsP-InP compressively strained MQW ridge waveguide lasers at 1.3 μm (1997)

Experimental measurements of external differential efficiency on 0.7% compressively strained multiquantum-well (MQW) ridge waveguide lasers operating at 1.3 /spl mu/m are presented. The lasers have the number of quantum wells (QW's) varying from 5 to 14 and cavity lengths ranging from 250 to 1000 /spl mu/m and were measured over a temperature range of -50/spl deg/C to 90/spl deg/C. A phenomenological model is introduced which shows that over a range of design and operating conditions, the behavior of the external differential quantum efficiency can be entirely explained by intervalence band absorption (IVBA) It is also shown that outside this range IVBA alone is not sufficient to describe the behavior, indicating that current leakage becomes a significant factor. Ramifications of the IVBA contribution to the external differential quantum efficiency are investigated.
Zur Umsetzung von Azolen mit anorganischen Säurechloriden (1979)

Abstract Zwei Verfahren zur Darstellung der 1‐Imidazolylderivate 3 werden miteinander verglichen: die Umsetzung von 1) Imidazol ( 2 ) und 2) 1‐(Trimethylsilyl)imidazol ( 4 ) mit den anorganischen Säurechloriden 1 . – Phosgen ( 1a ) reagiert mit 1,1′‐Carbonyldiimidazol ( 3a ) zum Imidazol‐1‐carbonsäurechlorid ( 5 ). Aus N ‐(Trimethylsilyl)azolen erhält man mit (Chlorcarbonyl)sulfenylchlorid ( 13 ) – abhängig vom Azolylrest und den Reaktionsbedingungen – die Carbonylsulfenylverbindungen 16a, 17a, 18a und die Carbonylverbindungen 3a, 7a oder Gemische aus beiden ( 18a, b ). Die Carbonylsulfenylverbindungen gehen unter Schwefelabspaltung in die entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen 16b, 17b, 18b über.
Transport-theory-based stochastic image reconstruction of bioluminescent sources (2007)

A stochastic image reconstruction methodology is proposed for solving the highly ill-posed inverse bioluminescent source problem in light-scattering media. The unknown source distribution is expressed in terms of a set of linearly independent source basis functions. The bioluminescent boundary flux originating from each source basis function is computed prior to image reconstruction by solving the equation of radiative transfer. The misfit between the measured and the predicted boundary flux is described by an error function, which is iteratively minimized by stochastically sampling the global parameter space of all basis functions. Selection and alteration mechanisms, which can be guided by evolutionary principles found in nature, lead to new stochastic samples of source distributions for the next iteration cycle. A least-squares-error solution, representing the sought image of the unknown source distribution, is obtained after convergence. Numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility of reconstructing bioluminescent source distributions in tissuelike media.
Receiver operating characteristic curves and optimal Bayesian operating points (2002)

The receiver operating characteristic curve is a standard method for reporting the performance of a system. In this paper we show how do choose the optimal operating point when we are given a receiver operating curve, the prior probabilities, and the economic gain matrix. Unlike earlier methods, we make no assumptions regarding underlying distributions.
<title>Observatory for education and public outreach controlled through the World Wide Web</title> (1998)

For the last two and a half years the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Louisiana State University has been engaged in a collaborative effort with the Recreation and Park Commission for the Parish of East Baton Rouge and the Baton Rouge Astronomical Society to develop a observatory that can be used for astronomy education from primary school; through graduate studies as well as for recreation and public outreach. The observatory includes a 2,300 square feet facility, a 20-inch diameter Ritchey-Chretien telescope, a black-thinned CCD camera, a computer control system and an internet T1 link. The on site public outreach and education program has been fully active since Fall, 1997 and we are currently in the process of developing a platform- independent system for remotely controlling the observatory over the internet. The initial version of the Java/World Wide Web based software is currently functioning and provides interactive control of the observatory via any Java compatible web browser. The main principles of the remote control system are presented in this paper, along with a discussion of the education and outreach goals of the observatory, details of the facility and hardware, initial measurements of system performance, and a discussion of our future development plans.
A system design approach to liquid-cooled microprocessors (2003)

This paper describes a compact fluid-cooled computer system, comprised of micro-channel heat exchangers, a fan, and a small pump, to remove heat from a microprocessor. Computational fluid dynamic analysis was used to determine the optimal micro-channel fin array design. Normal flow heat exchanger (NFHX) and parallel flow heat exchanger (PFHX) designs were evaluated. Due to packaging constraints, a micro-channel radiator was used. Integral to the radiator design was the selection of a reliable 30 SCFM blower. Fluid flow and pressure requirements were on the order of 0.5 LPM and 4 PSID respectively. The cooling system developed provided a heatsink to air thermal resistance of 0.155/spl deg/C/W. An understanding was developed of the effect of airflow, liquid-flow, and heatload on the system performance leading to work which would achieve a heatsink to air thermal resistance of 0.100/spl deg/C/W and lower.