gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
YodaNN: An Architecture for Ultralow Power Binary-Weight CNN Acceleration (2017)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized the world of computer vision over the last few years, pushing image classification beyond human accuracy. The computational effort of today's CNNs requires power-hungry parallel processors or GP-GPUs. Recent developments in CNN accelerators for system-on-chip integration have reduced energy consumption significantly. Unfortunately, even these highly optimized devices are above the power envelope imposed by mobile and deeply embedded applications and face hard limitations caused by CNN weight I/O and storage. This prevents the adoption of CNNs in future ultralow power Internet of Things end-nodes for near-sensor analytics. Recent algorithmic and theoretical advancements enable competitive classification accuracy even when limiting CNNs to binary (+1/-1) weights during training. These new findings bring major optimization opportunities in the arithmetic core by removing the need for expensive multiplications, as well as reducing I/O bandwidth and storage. In this paper, we present an accelerator optimized for binary-weight CNNs that achieves 1.5 TOp/s at 1.2 V on a core area of only 1.33 million gate equivalent (MGE) or 1.9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and with a power dissipation of 895 μW in UMC 65-nm technology at 0.6 V. Our accelerator significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of energy and area efficiency achieving 61.2 TOp/s/W@0.6 V and 1.1 TOp/s/MGE@1.2 V, respectively.
Application of trans‐1,4 polyisoprene in orthopedic and rehabilitation medicine (1971)

Abstract Ideally, materials from which splints, braces, casts, and other orthopedic appliances are to be made should be capable of being shaped directly against the patient. They should be simple and quick to use, and require the minimum of special equipment. Appliances made from them should be dimensionally stable in service and acceptable to the patient in terms of comfort, weight, durability, and appearance. Synthetic trans‐1,4 polyisoprene, prepared with a Ziegler catalyst system, is such a material. It crystallizes at temperatures below 130°F; it is a hard semi‐rigid rubber at room temperature; and its compounds can be molded directly against the skin without discomfort. Laboratory tests show that molded shape and strength can be maintained even under stress at temperatures up to about 120°F, and service performance fully supports the results of laboratory testing. This paper describes the properties of trans‐1,4 polyisoprene that make the polymer suitable for many orthopedic appliances, and includes examples of its uses in hospitals and rehabilitation institutions. Special attention is given to describing a recently developed technique for the making of artificial limb sockets using trans‐1,4 Polyisoprene.
VECTRA™ Power Turbine Development Program (2001)

Dresser-Rand developed the VECTRA-40 power turbine specifically for the LM2500+ gas generator. This “clean sheet of paper” design uses some of the best features from both aeroderivative and heavy duty gas turbines. After the design phase was complete, an extensive development program was undertaken to confirm that both the mechanical and aerodynamic design objectives were met. Two units were built, instrumented, and tested to full load. In addition, several components were rig tested to verify stiffness, natural frequency, or operating characteristics. Finally, some events that could not be physically tested, such as blade out response, were tested virtually. During development testing, the power turbine was extensively instrumented with state-of-the-art sensors to verify the mechanical design and aerodynamic performance of the VECTRA. A PC based data acquisition system (DAQ) was constructed to simultaneously acquire and record over 1000 individual channels of data. Instrumentation was installed to record the mechanical responses and operating temperatures of all rotating components, as well as critical stationary components. Other groups of instrumentation were used to verify flowpath performance, cooling air distribution, and lubrication system operation. The physical devices connected to the DAQ system ranged from industrial transducers and signal conditioners to an innovative external telemetry system for rotating thermocouples and dynamic strain gages. The VECTRA is a high speed power turbine that was initially designed for mechanical drive applications. However recent component testing and full load testing of two units in generator drive packages have demonstrated that it is also well suited for power generation applications.
Investigation of a whole‐body receiver coil operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures (1988)

This communication describes the design and application of a receiver coil operating at liquid nitrogen temperature and intended as a surface coil in a whole-body imager. Its particular application is seen as the external receiver for parasitic internal or implanted detectors.
The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency (2001)

Benjamini and Hochberg suggest that the false discovery rate may be the appropriate error rate to control in many applied multiple testing problems. A simple procedure was given there as an FDR controlling procedure for independent test statistics and was shown to be much more powerful than comparable procedures which control the traditional familywise error rate. We prove that this same procedure also controls the false discovery rate when the test statistics have positive regression dependency on each of the test statistics corresponding to the true null hypotheses. This condition for positive dependency is general enough to cover many problems of practical interest, including the comparisons of many treatments with a single control, multivariate normal test statistics with positive correlation matrix and multivariate $t$. Furthermore, the test statistics may be discrete, and the tested hypotheses composite without posing special difficulties. For all other forms of dependency, a simple conservative modification of the procedure controls the false discovery rate. Thus the range of problems for which a procedure with proven FDR control can be offered is greatly increased.
Biochemical and Kinetic Analysis of the RNase Active Sites of the Integrase/Tyrosine Family Site-specific DNA Recombinases (2001)

In this study, we have used multiple strategies to characterize the mechanisms of the type I and type II RNA cleavage activities harbored by the Flp (pronounced here as "flip") site-specific DNA recombinase (Flp-RNase I and II, respectively). Reactions using half-sites pre-bound by step-arrest mutants of Flp agree with a "shared active site" being responsible for the type I reaction (as is the case with normal DNA recombination). In a "pre-cleaved" type I substrate containing a 3'-phosphotyrosyl bond, the Flp-RNase I activity can be elicited by either wild type Flp or by Flp(Y343F). Kinetic analyses of the type I reaction are consistent with the above observations and support the notion that the DNA recombinase and type I RNase active sites are identical. The type II RNase activity is expressed by Flp(Y343F) in a half-site substrate and is unaffected by the catalytic constitution of a Flp monomer present on a partner half-site. Reaction conditions that proscribe the assembly of a DNA bound Flp dimer have no effect on Flp-RNase II. These biochemical results, together with kinetic data, are consistent with the reaction being performed from a "non-shared active site" contained within a single Flp monomer. The Flp-related recombinase Cre, which utilizes a non-shared recombination active site, exhibits the type I RNA cleavage reaction. So far, we have failed to detect the type II RNase activity in Cre. Despite their differences in active site assembly, Cre functionally mimics Flp in being able to provide two functional active sites from a trimer of Cre bound to a three-armed (Y-shaped) substrate.
Rapid and broad wavelength sweeping of standard telecommunication distributed feedback laser diode (2013)

This Letter presents a method for the fast and broad wavelength sweeping of a standard setup of a diode's active region and its immediate vicinity, which contain the diode's optical feedback system. The selective and rapid heating of the active region is possible due to the confinement of the voltage drop to the active diode's region that has submicrometer thickness. Using the presented method and an off-the-shelf telecommunication distributed feedback laser diode, we demonstrate wavelength sweeps in excess of 10 nm that were completed in about 200 ns, while generating average optical power in excess of 50 mW. In spite of high-amplitude current-drive pulses, 6000 h continuous operation of the diode within such an operational regime did not show any significant degradation of the diode's performance.
Laser-induced solution synthesis and deposition: A generic method to make metal chalcogenide nanotubes at high rate with high consistency (2013)

This article reports a new processing method for manufacturing nanotubes and possibly other nano entities with consistency at high rate. We show that this method can be applied for a wide range of materials, as demonstrated by a variety of metal chalcogenides. The proposed novel laser-induced solution synthesis and deposition method is a quantum jump for improving the consistency and manufacturing rate of chemical bath deposition and electroless deposition. We demonstrate the generic nature of this method by synthesizing nanocrystals of a number of arbitrarily selected metal chalcogenides, that is, tin oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide and zinc sulfide, and depositing each of them in an ion-track polymer membrane for making uniform nanotubes. The mechanism of the tube formation is discussed. High consistency, fast growth rate, scalability and the ability of laser patterning are observed. Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microcopy images indicate that the nanotubes made by this method, as demonstrated in SnO 2 , are coalesced by monodisperse ultrafine nanoparticles.
Zinc and cadmium concentrations in indigenous blacks with normal, hypertrophic, and malignant prostate (1989)

In order to determine the role of cadmium and zinc in the very low incidence (10/100,000) of cancer of the prostate, in African blacks which contrasts with the very high incidence (100/100,000) in American blacks, the authors measured the serum and prostatic concentrations of these trace metals in healthy Nigerian men and those with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostatic cancer using atomic absorption spectrophotometric study. The mean plasma zinc concentration of healthy men was 14.9 mumol/l +/- 0.5 SEM, whereas those with BPH and malignant glands were 16.5 mumol/l +/- 0.6 SEM and 11 mumol/l +/- 0.7 SEM, respectively. The mean serum cadmium concentrations were 15.2 mumol/l +/- 0.6 SEM, 15.5 mumol/l +/- 0.7 SEM, and 24.2 +/- 0.9 SEM for normal, BPH, and cancer subjects, respectively. The mean prostatic tissue zinc concentration in normal gland was 12.1 mumol/g +/- 0.8 SEM, BPH 17.9 mumol/g +/- 0.6 SEM, and cancer gland 2.9 mumol/g +/- 0.4 SEM. The mean prostatic tissue cadmium concentration for normal BPH and malignant glands were 3.8 mumol/g +/- 0.6 SEM, 14.6 mumol/g +/- 0.37 SEM. The serum and prostatic tissue values of these trace metals in our controls, BPH, and cancer subjects compare with those from populations with higher prostatic cancer rates. This suggests that these metals do not primarily play any significant role in the reported low incidence rate of prostatic cancer in our community. Furthermore, in control subjects and those with BPH, cadmium/zinc ratio, whether evaluated for serum or prostatic tissue was one or less. In patients with cancer, however, this ratio was always greater than one. The possible clinical use of this ratio to diagnose cancer of the prostate gland and to follow-up such patients needs to be further evaluated through more studies.
Three-dimensional Copper(I) Halide Based Coordination Networks with Asymmetrically Substituted Bridging N-Donor Ligands (1999)

The discrete complex [(Cul) 2 (pyzCN) 4 ] (1) and the coordination polymers 1 ∞ [CuI(pyzCN)] (2) and 3 ∞ [(CuX) 3 (pyzCN) 2 ] (3, 4; X = Br, Cl) may be prepared from the respective copper(I) halide CuX and 2-cyanopyrazine (pyzCN) by self-assembly in acetonitrile solution at 100- 120°C. Whereas 2 exhibits 1 [Cul] staircase double chains as its characteristic substructure, the three-dimensional networks of 3 and 4 contain single zigzag CuX strings. The influence of the copper(I) halide on both the connectivity pattern and the dimensionality of a resulting coordination network is particularly apparent for the 1:1 complexes 1 ∞ [CuI(pymMe)] (5), 3 ∞ [(CuBr) 3 (pymMe) 3 ] (6) and 2 ∞ [CuCl(pymMe)] (7), which were generated by reaction of CuX with 4-methylpyrimidine (pymMe) under reaction conditions similar to those above.
Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge : Ideas for further studies to improve leaching (2007)

Development of methods to recover phosphorus will make handling of sewage sludge moresustainable. In earlier studies sludge incineration ash and SCWO-residues have been leached withacid and base. Acid leaching gives a high degree of recovery but releases besides phosphate alsothe main part of other metals (including heavy metals). This gives a large separation problem andgives a complicated process technology. Leaching with base (NaOH) gives a lower degree ofrecovery (up to about 50 %) however with less dissolution of metals. When leaching with base, thecalcium content in the sludge probably binds phosphorus as calcium phosphate.To improve leaching different possibilities can be studied such as use of a two-step leachingprocess. In a first step acid leaching dissolves calcium and magnesium. Treating the leachate withsulphuric acid, calcium sulphate (gypsum) is precipitated and phosphoric acid is obtained.Remaining ash or SCWO-residual product can afterwards be treated by alkaline leaching. Anotheralternative is to study leaching at anaerobic conditions. Since ferrous iron(II) phosphate is moresoluble than ferric iron(III) phosphate the phosphate is more easily dissolved and the heavy metalcontamination will be lower.
<title>Polar Sampling Theorems And Their Application To Computer-Aided Tomography</title> (1980)

Several new polar sampling theorems are discussed and applied to the Problem of reconstructing images from their samples or projections. An application of a Polar sampling theorem to computer-aided tomography (CAT) is illustrated and compared with standard CAT reconstructions. The advantages and disadvantages of our technique versus convolution-back projection are given.
On the Importance of Electron Beam Brightness in High Gain Free Electron Lasers (2015)

Linear accelerators delivering high brightness electron beams are essential for driving short wavelength, high gain free-electron lasers (FELs). The FEL radiation output efficiency is often parametrized through the power gain length that relates FEL performance to electron beam quality at the undulator. In this review article we illustrate some approaches to the preliminary design of FEL linac-drivers, and analyze the relationship between the output FEL wavelength, exponential gain length and electron beam brightness. We extend the discussion to include FEL three-dimensional effects and electron beam projected emittances. Although mostly concentrating on FELs based upon self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), our findings are in some cases highly relevant to externally seeded FELs.
New form of digital wattmeter using a double dual-slope principle (1977)

A proposed a.c. digital watt/joule meter is described, which combines the principle of the well known dual-slope analogue-digital convertor with that of the sampling digital wattmeter to provide a system where multiplication, digitising, averaging and integration may be performed by using relatively few components.
The Heart: A Novel Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Target (2011)

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hypothalamic hormone transported by the hypophyseal portal bloodstream to the pituitary gland, where it binds to GnRH receptors. However, GnRH receptors are expressed in multiple extrapituitary tissues, although their physiological relevance is not fully understood. GnRH agonists are employed extensively in steroid deprivation therapy, especially to suppress testosterone in prostate cancer. Because GnRH agonist treatment is associated with increased coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, we investigated the impact of GnRH on cardiomyocyte contractile function. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from mouse hearts and mechanical and intracellular Ca(2+) properties were evaluated, including peak shortening amplitude (PS), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR(90) ), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (± dLdt), electrically-stimulated rise in Fura-2 fluorescence intensity (ΔFFI) and Ca(2+) decay. GnRH (1 ng/ml) increased PS, ± dL/dt, resting FFI and ΔFFI, and prolonged TPS, TR(90) and Ca(2+) decay time, whereas 1 pg/ml GnRH affected all these cardiomyocyte variables, except TPS, resting FFI and ΔFFI. A concentration of 1 fg/ml GnRH and the GnRH cleavage product, GnRH-[1-5] (300 pg/ml), had no effect on any cardiomyocyte parameter. The 1 pg/ml GnRH-elicited responses were attenuated by the GnRH receptor antagonist cetrorelix (10 μm), the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 (1 μm) but not the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (1 μm). These data revealed that GnRH is capable of regulating cardiac contractile function via a GnRH receptor/PKA-dependent mechanism. If present in the human heart, dysfunction of such a system may play an important role in cardiac pathology observed in men treated with GnRH agonists for prostate cancer.
Studies of the preparation, structure, and properties of an acrylic chelating fiber containing amidoxime groups (1993)

Abstract Polyacrylonitrile fiber was treated with hydroxylamine to form a chelating fiber containing the amidoxime group with high adsorption capacity to the Au 3+ ion (up to 626 mg/g, when the nitrile group conversion reaches 53.7%), reasonable mechanical properties, and good thermal stability; the relationship among reaction conditions, fiber structures, and properties were investigated. The amidoxime group content rapidly increases to a steady value with increasing reaction time or HONH 2 • HCl concentration, the fiber strength drops linearly with increasing reaction time, when the reaction takes place at the temperature where the morphology and order structure begins to be destroyed, and the amidoxime group content increases significantly, while fiber strength decreases remarkably. It is suggested that, to prepare a chelating fiber with high adsorption capacity and reasonable mechanical property, the reaction could be carried out at temperatures from 70 to 75°C, time of about 30 min, and concentration around 75 g/L. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
EUV/soft x-ray multilayer optics (2005)

Most applications of Mo/Si multilayer optics in Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) require a high normal incidence reflectivity. Using dc magnetron sputtering we achieved R = 68.8 % @ λ = 13.45 nm. High-reflective Mo/Si/C and high-temperature stable Mo/C/Si/C multilayer mirrors with reflectivity of 69.6 % and 61.0 % at 13.5 nm were developed. Microstructure and optical properties of the multilayers have been investigated by small and large angle Cu-Kα scattering and characterized by EUV reflectivity. Beside the periodic multilayer design, Mo/Si multilayer mirrors with increased as well as reduced bandwidth in their spectral and angular reflectance have been designed and deposited. A reflectivity of more than 20 % was achieved in the wavelength range from 13 nm to 15 nm. In addition, narrowband multilayer mirrors with a significantly reduced band-width (FWHM = 0.077 nm) basing on high order reflection have been designed and fabricated. Both the increase and the reduction of the reflection bandwidth are unavoidably connected with a decrease of peak reflectivity. Therefore, the application of such specially designed mirrors involves areas where a maximum peak reflectivity is not required, e.g. in EUV spectroscopy and for the metrology of EUV sources. According to the optics requirements of an EUVL tool, the accurate deposition of high reflective and laterally graded multilayers on ultraprecise polished substrates can be regarded as one of the major challenges of EUVL development today. To meet these requirements, a new dc magnetron sputtering system has been developed.
Nonlinear semiconductor Bragg reflection waveguide structures (1991)

The waveguiding properties of finite Bragg reflection waveguides have been investigated in both linear and nonlinear regimes. The guiding properties of both linear and nonlinear BRWs have been shown to depend quite sensitively upon the core layer dimension. A feature of the analysis of the nonlinear case has been the use of Jacobian elliptic functions of complex modulus and argument to give an analytic prescription of the optical field. With structures incorporating a defocusing nonlinearity, it has been shown that BRWs may be optical-intensity tuned to support bound modes. For optical nonlinearities typical of III-V semiconductors, the threshold optical power required to access guided bound modes can be provided by diode lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Perils of gene mapping with microsatellite markers. (1992)

The discovery of microsatellite polymorphisms has revitalized the genetic mapping of the human genome and promises to have a dramatic effect on human disease gene mapping. The high polymorphicity, relative abundance, and amenability of these markers to assay by PCR amplification gives them a significant advantage over previous markers, which explains their general acceptance and widespread use (Litt and Luty 1989; Weber and May 1989). Preliminary chromosome maps have been constructed using microsatellites exclusively (Weber et al. 1991; Hazen et al. 1992; Kwiatkowski et al. 1992), and disease loci have been mapped by linkage to these markers (Wijmenga et al. 1991). The markers provide new optimism for the mapping of disease genes, particularly for the mapping of complex genetic disorders. The authors present evidence that the very qualities that render these markers so efficient for chromosome mapping in large reference pedigrees can lead to dramatic lod score bias when applied to the typical pedigrees used to study genetic disorders, particularly when the disorder under study is complex. 11 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.