gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, structures and properties of phenanthro[1,10-cd:8,9-c′d′]bis[1,2]-dithiole and -diselenole and their methyl and methylthio derivatives as novel electron donors (1995)

Tetrathio- and tetraseleno-phenanthrenes, as well as their dimethyl and bis(methylthio) derivatives, have been synthesized as the first examples of novel electron donors of the peri-dichalcogen-bridged polyphene type. X-Ray analyses have revealed that these compounds have planar heterocyclic structures similar to that of perylene, in the crystal, the molecules are stacked in columns with strong interactions between the heteroatoms in adjacent columns, which produces a two- or three-dimensional interactive network of the molecular components. Cyclic voltammetry studies have indicated that these compounds have somewhat weaker electron-donating abilities than do their anthracene counterparts bearing structural resemblances. Although only tetraselenophenanthrene gave a conductive chargetransfer complex with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), they all formed complexes with stronger electron acceptors, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-TCNQ (TCNQF4) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), giving rare examples of conductive materials containing TCNQF4 and DDQ. In addition, they formed a variety of radical cation salts, which are also highly conductive.
A CMOS 100 MHz to 6 GHz software defined radio analog front-end with integrated pre-power amplifier (2007)

A Software-Defined Radio (SDR) analog front-end is presented that provides extensive programmability of LO generator, LNA, mixers, baseband filters and PPA, supporting various wireless communication standards while guaranteeing a near-optimal power/performance trade-off at any time. The circuit is integrated in a 0.13 mum CMOS technology with 1.2 V supply voltage. This transceiver covers the frequency range from 100 MHz up to 6 GHz by exploiting a flexible zero-IF architecture. The receive path achieves a Noise Figure of 4.8 dB at 174 MHz and 6 dB at 2.4 GHz. For a WLAN OFDM 64 QAM output, the transmitter achieves an EVM better than -29 dB for -0.5 dBm output power at 2.4 GHz and -3.1 dBm output power at 4.9 GHz.
Fetal hemoglobin in preeclampsia (2013)

Free HbF may provide both a predictive and a diagnostic clinical biomarker from the first trimester. A1M has the potential as a future pharmacological treatment for preeclampsia.
Temperature Dependence of Thermoelectric Properties of Mg<SUB>2</SUB>Si<SUB>0.6</SUB>Ge<SUB>0.4</SUB> (1992)

The thermoelectric properties of Sb-doped n-type and Ag-doped p-type Mg2Si0.6Ge0.4 samples were investigated in the temperature range 300 to 900 K. The scattering factor r was determined to be 0.0 by measuring the temperature dependence of the Hall mobility. Thermoelectric power and electrical conductivity were measured and discussed on the basis of the degenerated carriers. The thermal conductivity was evaluated from the values measured at 300 K. The maximum figure-of-merits Z’s were estimated to be 1.61×10−3 K−1 at 663 K for the n-type and 2.67×10−3 K−1 at 629 K for the p-type, respectively. From the fact that the dimensionless figure-of-merits ZT’s exceeded unity, the Mg2Si1−xGex solid solution semiconductors can be expected as a new promising material for high-efficiency thermoelectric energy conversion in the middle-temperature range of 500 to 800 K.
Evaluation of the Ion Trap Detector for the Detection of 11-Nor-Δ9-THC-9-Carboxylic Acid in Urine After Extraction by Bonded-Phase Adsorption (1986)

The Ion Trap Detector (ITD), a relatively new gas chromatographic detector from Finnigan MAT, was evaluated for its suitability in confirming urine specimens found positive for cannabinoids by immunoassay techniques. Also presented is a procedure for the isolation of 11-nor-delta 9-THC-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) from human urine by bonded-phase absorption chromatography.
The Continuous Flow Reaction of the Hofmann Rearrangement (1965)

5-メチル-3-アミノイソオキザゾールはホフマン転位分解反応によって製造される。すでに確立されている反応機構にもとづいて反応速度論的解析を行ない,回分法による実験から反応速度定数を決定した。その結果,この反応は連続反応装置を用いる流通系反応操作によって有利に行なわれることを知った。典型的連続反応装置の一つである多段槽型反応装置に対して,ディジタル電子計算機を用いて,種々の操作変数の組合わせについて理論計算を行なって合理的操作条件を予知し,実際に3段槽型連続反応装置により実験した結果は予期したとおりの好成績をおさめた。
Swelling‐activated chloride channels in aqueous humour formation: on the one side and the other (2006)

Aqueous humour is secreted by the ciliary epithelium comprising pigmented and non-pigmented cell layers facing the stroma and aqueous humour respectively. Net chloride secretion likely limits the rate of aqueous humour formation and proceeds in three steps: stromal chloride entry into pigmented cells, diffusion through gap junctions and final non-pigmented cell secretion. Swelling-activated chloride channels function on both epithelial surfaces. At the stromal surface, swelling- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-activated maxi-chloride channels can recycle chloride, reducing net chloride secretion. At the aqueous-humour surface, swelling- and A3 adenosine receptor-activated chloride channels subserve chloride release into the aqueous humour. The similar macroscopic properties of the two non-pigmented cell chloride currents suggest that both flow through a common conduit. In addition, measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) in living wild-type and mutant mice have confirmed that A3 adenosine receptor-activated agonists and antagonists increase and lower IOP respectively. Isolated ciliary epithelial cells are commonly perfused with hypotonic solution to probe and characterize chloride channels, but the physiological role of swelling-activated channels has been unclear without knowing their epithelial distribution. Recently, hypotonic challenge has been found to stimulate the chloride-sensitive short-circuit current across the intact bovine ciliary epithelium, suggesting that the net effect of the swelling-activated chloride currents is oriented to enhance aqueous humour formation. Taken together, the results suggest that swelling-activated chloride channels are predominantly oriented to enhance aqueous humour secretion, and these chloride channels at the aqueous surface may be identical with adenosine receptor-activated chloride channels which likely modulate aqueous inflow and IOP in the living mouse.
Molecular Details of the Structure of a Psorospermin−DNA Covalent/Intercalation Complex and Associated DNA Sequence Selectivity (1996)

Psorospermin is a DNA-reactive natural product isolated from the roots of the tropical African plant Psorospermum febrifugum that shows significant promise as an antileukemic agent. Incubation of this antineoplastic agent with DNA results in the production of sequence selective abasic sites on the DNA. Using high-field NMR and gel electrophoresis, the mechanism of covalent modification of DNA and the mode of interaction with DNA are determined. Psorospermin intercalates the DNA molecule, positioning the tricyclic xanthone chromophore in an orientation parallel to the adjacent base pairs. This places the epoxide in the major groove, resulting in site-directed electrophilic addition of the epoxide to N7 of guanine located to the 3‘ side of the site of DNA intercalation. It is proposed in this study that the subsequent depurination of the psorospermin−N7-guanine adduct is the source of the previously observed in vivo formation of abasic sites on the DNA. Significantly, although the chemical structure and mechanism of covalent modification of DNA are very similar to those of the pluramycin class of agents, there are distinct differences in the relative reactivities and sequence selectivity between psorospermin and pluramycin-like compounds that may give rise to observed variances in biological activity. Specifically, while psorospermin is much less reactive than most of the pluramycins, it shows unique selectivity for 5‘GG* sequences (the asterisk designates the site of covalent modification), which is the least reactive site for all of the pluramycins investigated thus far. On the basis of the solution NMR structure of the psorospermin−DNA covalent adduct, the underlying structural differences that give rise to this lower reactivity and different sequence specificities are proposed.
SMART HIGHWAY SET FOR IQ TEST (1997)

A newly completed highway ringing Toronto is being readied for testing. Highway 407's high tech toll-collection system consists of transponders mounted on cars and license plate readers installed over the roadway. Drivers need not stop or even slow down because the automated system will identify the car, calculate the distance driven and produce a bill. For all the high tech advances built into the highway project, Ontario's Ministry of Transportation began receiving complaints that safety had been lost to technology. Complaints about the elimination of essential median barriers, pole and bridge barriers and reductions in the radius of inner loop ramps are being investigated.
A spiral contractometer for measuring stress in electrodeposits (1949)

An improved instrument for the measurement of stress in electrodeposits is described. Its operation entails the electrodeposition of a metal coating on the outside of a metal hclix and the measurement of the change in radius of curvature of the helix induced by t he stress in the electrodeposit. The change in radius of curvature is read from a dial OIl the instrument. Formulas for the calculation of stress are given, and so urces of error and corrcction factors for them disc u ed. Data are ,Presented to demonstrate t he r eproducibility of measurcments and the validity of the res ults. The variation of stress \\'ith plate thickne s has been inve tigated and shown to be related to the variation in grain size of the deposit. The advantages of the instrument and field s for its application nre indicated.
Low-Intensity Ultrasound Increased Colony Forming Unit-Fibroblasts of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Primary Culture (2010)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow (BM) are an attractive cell source for stem cell-based therapeutic applications, but they exist at low-end ratios, which further decreases along with increased donor age. Thus, for clinical applications, there is a high demand for large numbers of active MSCs. This study investigated if low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS), a special type of mechanical stimulation, could increase the yield of MSCs during primary culture from the BM. Cultures were treated with LIUS for 10 min/day during the first 6 days after initial plating of BM mononuclear cells. After 12 days, the colony-forming unit-fibroblasts assay was performed, and the colonies were culture-expanded for further analyses. The LIUS stimulation showed a significant increase in the number of MSCs colonies when compared with that of the control group. The LIUS-stimulated MSCs showed no difference compared with the untreated control MSCs in terms of their proliferation rate, expression of MSCs-enriched surface antigens, and multi-lineage differentiation ability. The LIUS stimulation also showed an increase in the expression of integrins, fibronectin, and paxillin, and induced the formation of focal adhesions in MSCs, all of which involved in the cell adhesion process. These results demonstrated that LIUS stimulation could activate the cell adhesion process and increase the colony-forming ability of MSCs during the early stage of primary culture, without affecting their phenotypes and multi-potency. The results of this study suggest that LIUS could be a useful tool to obtain a large amount of MSCs for various therapeutic applications.
A scintillation γ-ray detector based on a solid-state photomultiplier (2007)

A scintillation detector based on a silicon photodetector of a new type—a solid-state photomultiplier—and a single-crystal CsI(Tl) scintillator was investigated. The effect of temperature on the low-energy detection threshold and the energy resolution of the detector and the influence of the radiation level on the detector efficiency (i.e., the influence of the counting rate of the distortion in the recorded spectrum shape) were estimated. A mathematical model of the detector was developed in order to assess its parameters.
Value of Glypican 3 Immunostaining in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Needle Biopsy (2008)

The diagnostic value of glypican 3 (GPC3) immunostaining on needle biopsy specimens has not been well assessed. In this study, 120 liver needle biopsy specimens, including 46 from cirrhotic livers and 74 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), were immunohistochemically examined for expression of GPC3. The results showed strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining in 36 HCCs (49%), among which 20 cases (56%) showed diffuse immunoreactivity. None of the 46 cirrhotic livers exhibited positive GPC3 immunostaining. The nonneoplastic liver tissues (cirrhotic or noncirrhotic) that were present in the majority of the HCC cases were also completely negative for GPC3 expression. These data demonstrate that GPC3 is a reliable immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of HCC on needle biopsy specimens when positive. However, the detection rate in our series seems lower than that reported in studies using resection specimens as the study materials. Our findings emphasize that GPC3 immunoreactivity can be focal and that negative staining should not be viewed as evidence to exclude the diagnosis of HCC in challenging needle biopsy specimens.
Electrical Communication between Glucose Oxidase and Electrodes Based on Poly(vinylimidazole) Complex of Bis(2,2′-bipyridine)-<i>N,N</i>′-dichloroosmium (1994)

Glucose oxidase (GOX) was electrically 'wired' to glassy carbon electrodes by redox hydrogels based on poly (N-vinyl imidazole) (PVI) complexed with Os(bpy)2Cl2 (PVI-Os). The hydrogels were formed by crosslinking PVI-Os and glucose oxidase with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE). Glucose was electrooxidized on the PVI-Os based 'wired' enzyme electrodes at 350 mV vs SCE. The dependence of the electrooxidation current on pH, ionic strength, film thickness, weight fraction of the enzyme in the redox hydrogel and oxygen partial pressure for electrodes rotating at 1000 rpm is described.
Flexible duplex in FDD spectrum (2017)

In this paper, flexible frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) schemes are considered in FDD spectrum. With FDD spectrum, there is a paired uplink (UL) carrier with each downlink (DL) carrier, each carrier with the same bandwidth. Because equal resources are provisioned for the DL and UL, FDD spectrum is not well suited for asymmetric DL/UL traffic. While the FDD UL-paired carrier typically supports only UL traffic, flexible duplexing allows DL traffic to additionally be served in instances when the DL traffic exceeds the UL traffic. The challenge in such cases is to overcome the base station to base station interference that arises, particularly because base stations typically operate at higher powers and employ higher gain antennas than mobile stations. If ignored, this interference may overwhelm the power received for UL transmissions at neighboring base stations and impact UL performance. In this paper, we investigate flexible duplexing paired with power control and network-based interference cancellation to provide DL and UL resources that are matched to the ratio of their respective traffic, with minimal impact to the scaled UL throughput.
<title>DARPA counter-sniper program: Phase 1 Acoustic Systems Demonstration results</title> (1997)

During October 1995 through May 1996, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency sponsored the development of prototype systems that exploit acoustic muzzle blast and ballistic shock wave signatures to accurately predict the location of gunfire events and associated shooter locations using either single or multiple volumetric arrays. The output of these acoustic systems is an estimate of the shooter location and a classification estimate of the caliber of the shooter's weapon. A portable display and control unit provides both graphical and alphanumeric shooter location related information integrated on a two- dimensional digital map of the defended area. The final Phase I Acoustic Systems Demonstration field tests were completed in May. These these tests were held at USMC Base Camp Pendleton Military Operations Urban Training (MOUT) facility. These tests were structured to provide challenging gunfire related scenarios with significant reverberation and multi-path conditions. Special shot geometries and false alarms were included in these tests to probe potential system vulnerabilities and to determine the performance and robustness of the systems. Five prototypes developed by U.S. companies and one Israeli developed prototype were tested. This analysis quantifies the spatial resolution estimation capability (azimuth, elevation and range) of these prototypes and describes their ability to accurately classify the type of bullet fired in a challenging urban- like setting.
Attachment mechanism in a highly specific association between ectosymbiotic bacteria and marine nematodes (2004)

The marine Stilbonematinae (Nematoda) are known for their highly specific mutualistic association with thiotrophic ectosymbiotic bacteria. The mechanism mediating recognition and binding between symbionts and host was studied in 5 host species. When incubated with D-mannose and L-rhamnose the symbionts detached in 2 species, Laxus cosmopolitus and L. oneistus, most likely due to competitive interactions with sugars involved in the binding mechanism; 3 other species, Stilbonema maium, Eubostrichus topiarius and E. dianae, did not lose their bacteria during any tested sugar incubations. Incubations with lectins binding specifically to D-glucose/D-mannose (ConA, concanavalin agglutinin) and to D-mannose (NPA, Narcissus pseudonarcissus agglutinin) respectively, both in vivo and on ultrathin sections, confirmed that accessible D-mannose is located on the symbionts of L. cosmopolitus, but not on the host's surface. Our results showed an involvement of D-mannose and L-rhamnose residues of the bacterial surface in the attachment mechanism. We hypothesize that the recognition and binding of the environmentally transmitted symbionts in the 2 Laxus species, which harbor only 1 phylotype of symbiotic -proteobacterium each, is most probably mediated through a yet unknown mannose/rhamnose-specific lectin of host origin.
c-Cbl Is Involved in Met Signaling in B Cells and Mediates Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Induced Receptor Ubiquitination (2002)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase Met are key regulators of epithelial motility and morphogenesis. Recent studies indicate that the HGF/Met pathway also plays a role in B cell differentiation, whereas uncontrolled Met signaling may lead to B cell neoplasia. These observations prompted us to explore HGF/Met signaling in B cells. In this study, we demonstrate that HGF induces strong tyrosine phosphorylation of the proto-oncogene product c-Cbl in B cells and increases Cbl association with the Src family tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lyn, as well as with phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and CrkL. In addition, we demonstrate that c-Cbl mediates HGF-induced ubiquitination of Met. This requires the juxtamembrane tyrosine Y1001 (Y2) of Met, but not the multifunctional docking site (Y14/15) or any additional C-terminal tyrosine residues (Y13-16). In contrast to wild-type c-Cbl, the transforming mutants v-Cbl and 70Z/3 Cbl, which lack the ubiquitin ligase RING finger domain, suppress Met ubiquitination. Our findings identify c-Cbl as a negative regulator of HGF/Met signaling in B cells, mediating ubiquitination and, consequently, proteosomal degradation of Met, and suggest a role for Cbl in Met-mediated tumorigenesis.
Silencing of transgene expression in mammalian cells by DNA methylation and histone modifications in gene therapy perspective (2018)

DNA methylation and histone modifications are vital in maintaining genomic stability and modulating cellular functions in mammalian cells. These two epigenetic modifications are the most common gene regulatory systems known to spatially control gene expression. Transgene silencing by these two mechanisms is a major challenge to achieving effective gene therapy for many genetic conditions. The implications of transgene silencing caused by epigenetic modifications have been extensively studied and reported in numerous gene delivery studies. This review highlights instances of transgene silencing by DNA methylation and histone modification with specific focus on the role of these two epigenetic effects on the repression of transgene expression in mammalian cells from integrative and non-integrative based gene delivery systems in the context of gene therapy. It also discusses the prospects of achieving an effective and sustained transgene expression for future gene therapy applications.
Suppression of Spiral Chaos by a Guiding Network in the Aliev-Panfilov Model (2006)

The ventricular fibrillation is considered to be a spiral chaos in the cardiac tissue. Excitation waves propagate from a pacemaker region to ventricles through the Purkinje fibers. We consider the effect of the Purkinje fibers to the spiral chaos with numerical simulations of the Aliev-Panfilov equation.
A cubic B-spline-based hybrid registration of lung CT images for a dynamic airway geometric model with large deformation (2010)

The goal of this study is to develop a matching algorithm that can handle large geometric changes in x-ray computed tomography (CT)-derived lung geometry occurring during deep breath maneuvers. These geometric relationships are further utilized to build a dynamic lung airway model for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies of pulmonary air flow. The proposed algorithm is based on a cubic B-spline-based hybrid registration framework that incorporates anatomic landmark information with intensity patterns. A sequence of invertible B-splines is composed in a multiresolution framework to ensure local invertibility of the large deformation transformation and a physiologically meaningful similarity measure is adopted to compensate for changes in voxel intensity due to inflation. Registrations are performed using the proposed approach to match six pairs of 3D CT human lung datasets. Results show that the proposed approach has the ability to match the intensity pattern and the anatomical landmarks, and ensure local invertibility for large deformation transformations. Statistical results also show that the proposed hybrid approach yields significantly improved results as compared with approaches using either landmarks or intensity alone.
An Analog VLSI Chip Emulating Polarization Vision of Octopus Retina (2006)

Biological systems provide a wealth of information which form the basis for human-made artificial systems. In this work, the visual system of Octopus is investigated and its polarization sensitivity mimicked. While in actual Octopus retina, polarization vision is mainly based on the orthogonal arrangement of its photoreceptors, our implementation uses a birefringent micropolarizer made of YVO4 and mounted on a CMOS chip with neuromorphic circuitry to process linearly polarized light. Arranged in an 8 x 5 array with two photodiodes per pixel, each consuming typically 10 microW, this circuitry mimics both the functionality of individual Octopus retina cells by computing the state of polarization and the interconnection of these cells through a bias-controllable resistive network.
Large scale patterning of hydrogel microarrays using capillary pinning (2014)

Capillary barriers provide a simple and elegant means for autonomous fluid-flow control in microfluidic systems. In this work, we report on the fabrication of periodic hydrogel microarrays in closed microfluidic systems using non-fluorescent capillary barriers. This design strategy enables the fabrication of picoliter-volume patterns of photopolymerized and thermo-gelling hydrogels without any defects and distortions.
The Timing of Specialist Evaluation in Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality (2002)

Late evaluation of patients with chronic renal failure by a nephrologist is associated with greater burden and severity of comorbid disease, black ethnicity, lack of health insurance, and shorter duration of survival.