gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria (1984)

Alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3) from two marine bacteria were isolated and partially characterized. A cell-bound lyase from isolate A3 had a molecular weight of approximately 100,000 and cleaved mannuronate blocks, apparently in an exo manner. A lyase recovered from the culture medium of isolate W3 was soluble in saturated ammonium sulfate, cleaved guluronate blocks, apparently in an endo manner, and had a molecular weight of 35,000. The thiobarbiturate test and urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to determine substrate specificity and mode of substrate cleavage by the enzymes.
The MORPHEUS protein crystallization screen (2009)

A 96-condition initial screen for protein crystallization, called MORPHEUS, has been developed at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England (MRC-LMB). The concept integrates several innovative approaches, such as chemically compatible mixes of potential ligands, new buffer systems and precipitant mixes that also act as cryoprotectants. Instead of gathering a set of crystallization conditions that have already been successful, a selection of molecules frequently observed in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) to co-crystallize with proteins has been made. These have been put together in mixes of similar chemical behaviour and structure, and combined with buffers and precipitant mixes that were also derived from PDB searches, to build the screen de novo. Observations made at the MRC-LMB and many practical aspects were also taken into account when formulating the screen. The resulting screen is easy to use, comprehensive yet small, and has already yielded a list of crystallization hits using both known and novel samples. As an indicator of success, the screen has now become one of the standard screens used routinely at the MRC-LMB when searching initial crystallization conditions for biological macromolecules.
An Instrument for Assessing Metallic Wear Debris Captured by Filter Patch or Magnetic Chip Detector (2013)

A prototype instrument has been developed that enables the quantification of significant metallic wear debris captured on either a filter patch (also known as a porous membrane) or a magnetic chip detector. With the introduction of fine filtration to machinery lubrication systems, the effectiveness of traditional oil analysis methods such as Spectrometric Oil Analysis (SOA) is significantly reduced, often to the point where it ceases to provide useful information about machinery health. The filter element in a lubrication system is a rich source of machinery health information however it is not often considered or exploited for condition monitoring. Whilst the filter patch technique is a convenient way for extracting the debris from a filter element, analysis of the captured debris has traditionally been tedious, time consuming and can lack repeatability. Other methods do exist to quantify filter debris, however they typically involve the transportation of the entire filter element to a laboratory, which is not always practical. The instrument that has been developed enables the metallic content of a filter patch to be quantified for trending or to identify which filter patches require further detailed examination. The instrument has also been designed to liberate and quantify ferromagnetic debris captured on a magnetic chip detector. Magnetic chip detectors are used widely in aviation machinery, however the assessment of captured debris is generally limited to a periodic visual inspection. The instrument uses a unique method to liberate and recover the debris combined with a commercially available inductive wear debris sensor.
DISSOCIATED MONOCULAR NYSTAGMUS WITH PARESIS OF HORIZONTAL OCULAR MOVEMENTS (1939)

The occurrence of the syndrome of monocular nystagmus and impairment of the horizontal conjugate gaze has been observed by Wilson,<sup>1</sup>Radovici and Savulesco<sup>2</sup>and Gaudissart.<sup>3</sup>Gaudissart reported a series of 11 cases and considered that the syndrome was common in cases of multiple sclerosis. A review of 150 consecutive cases of disseminated sclerosis from the neurologic service of the Mount Sinai Hospital showed an incidence of 2 per cent, i. e., 3 cases. The syndrome is characterized by two features: (1) impairment of lateral conjugate gaze, which is unequal in the two eyes, with paralysis of the adductor and paresis of the abductor;<sup>4</sup>and (2) monocular nystagmus in the abducted eye. This nystagmus is horizontal, slow and of large amplitude. For example, when the patient gazes to the right, the right eye is incompletely abducted and shows coarse nystagmus, while the left eye moves nasally, but
Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein Interacts with Pectin through a Binding Site Formed by Four Clustered Residues of Arginine and Lysine (2006)

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) is a cell wall protein that inhibits fungal polygalacturonases (PGs) and retards the invasion of plant tissues by phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we report the interaction of two PGIP isoforms from Phaseolus vulgaris (PvPGIP1 and PvPGIP2) with both polygalacturonic acid and cell wall fractions containing uronic acids. We identify in the three-dimensional structure of PvPGIP2 a motif of four clustered arginine and lysine residues (R183, R206, K230, and R252) responsible for this binding. The four residues were mutated and the protein variants were expressed in Pichia pastoris. The ability of both wild-type and mutated proteins to bind pectins was investigated by affinity chromatography. Single mutations impaired the binding and double mutations abolished the interaction, thus indicating that the four clustered residues form the pectin-binding site. Remarkably, the binding of PGIP to pectin is displaced in vitro by PGs, suggesting that PGIP interacts with pectin and PGs through overlapping although not identical regions. The specific interaction of PGIP with polygalacturonic acid may be strategic to protect pectins from the degrading activity of fungal PGs.
Gallager mapping based constellation shaping for LDPC-coded modulation systems (2015)

This paper focuses on the signal constellation shaping in LDPC coded modulation system. A novel constellation is presented by combining geometric shaping with probabilistic shaping based on quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)constellation. With the shaped signal constellation, the signal mapping is optimized by using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart analysis. We further consider the nonbinary LDPC coded-modulation by combining with the proposed constellation shaping. Numerical results reveal that the proposed constellation can get the shaping gain without increasing the complexity of detection.
Virtual machine performance measurement (2014)

With the increasing use of computing in our day to day life it seems that Computing is 5th utility in our life after water, electricity, gas, and telephony. Cloud computing is a technology that host and deliver services over the Internet. Since the cloud computing has lots of benefits including on demand service, pay per use facility, multi- tenancy, device and location independency etc. a question definitely comes into mind, actually from where it has emerged so that it has this much of benefits. So clearly the answer is, that it does not owes its origin from a single technology there are lots of technologies that are working behind this. The technologies working behind the cloud computing are cluster computing, grid computing, peer-to-peer (P2P) computing, SOA, autonomic computing, map reduce etc. Also cloud computing has some features of utility computing and virtualization. From all above said technologies virtualization forms the core of cloud computing. So in this paper we are going to talk about virtualization i.e. what actually virtualization is, what are its various features because of which it acts as the main technology for cloud computing, what are its various types, how virtualization can be achieved etc. As the main aim of the virtualization is to utilize more and more hardware resources i.e. cpu, memory, storage etc, so under given load conditions whenever we change the configuration of virtual machines there will definitely some effect on the performance of cloud virtual machine, that is why in this paper we are also going to give the brief introduction to various parameters that will be affected by the amount of load on virtual machine using which we can measure or monitor the performance of virtual machines.
Role of Solution Structure in Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Graphite with LiPF<sub>6</sub> in Propylene Carbonate (2013)

An investigation of the interrelationship of cycling performance, solution structure, and electrode surface film structure has been conducted for electrolytes composed of different concentrations of LiPF6 in propylene carbonate (PC) with a binder-free (BF) graphite electrode. Varying the concentration of LiPF6 changes the solution structure, altering the predominant mechanism of electrolyte reduction at the electrode interface. The change in mechanism results in a change in the structure of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and the reversible cycling of the cell. At low concentrations of LiPF6 in PC (1.2 M), electrochemical cycling and cyclic voltammetry (CV) of BF graphite electrodes reveal continuous electrolyte reduction and no lithiation/delithiation of the graphite. The solution structure is dominated by solvent-separated ion pairs (Li+(PC) 4//PF6-), and the primary reduction product of the electrolyte is lithium propylene dicarbonate (LPDC). At high concentrations of LiPF6 in PC (3.0-3.5 M), electrochemical cycling and CV reveal reversible lithiation/delithiation of the graphite electrode. The solution structure is dominated by contact ion pairs (Li+(PC) 3PF6-), and the primary reduction product of the electrolyte is LiF. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
Ancillary Ligand Effects in Chiral <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-Symmetric <i>ansa</i>-Metallocene Catalysts for Stereoregular α-Olefin Polymerization. “Wingspan” Modification with Octahydrofluorene (1997)

The synthesis and activity as precatalysts for stereoregular α-olefin polymerization of the chiral C1-symmetric zirconocene complexes (R)- and (S)-Me2Si(η5-C13H16)(η5-C5H3R*)ZrR2, where C13H16 = octahydrofluorenyl, R = NMe2, Cl, or Me, and R* = (1R,2S,5R)-trans-5-methyl-cis-2-(2-propyl)cyclohexyl ((−)-menthyl), are described.
Dependence of morphology on agitation intensity in fed‐batch cultures of <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> and its implications for recombinant protein production (2002)

We previously reported that, although agitation conditions strongly affected mycelial morphology, such changes did not lead to different levels of recombinant protein production in chemostat cultures of Aspergillus oryzae (Amanullah et al., 1999). To extend this finding to another set of operating conditions, fed-batch fermentations of A. oryzae were conducted at biomass concentrations up to 34 g dry cell weight/L and three agitation speeds (525, 675, and 825 rpm) to give specific power inputs between 1 and 5 kWm(-3). Gas blending was used to control the dissolved oxygen level at 50% of air saturation except at the lowest speed where it fell below 40% after 60-65 h. The effects of agitation intensity on growth, mycelial morphology, hyphal tip activity, and recombinant protein (amyloglucosidase) production in fed-batch cultures were investigated. In the batch phase of the fermentations, biomass concentration, and AMG secretion increased with increasing agitation intensity. If in a run, dissolved oxygen fell below approximately 40% because of inadequate oxygen transfer associated with enhanced viscosity, AMG production ceased. As with the chemostat cultures, even though mycelial morphology was significantly affected by changes in agitation intensity, enzyme titers (AGU/L) under conditions of substrate limited growth and controlled dissolved oxygen of >50% did not follow these changes. Although the measurement of active tips within mycelial clumps was not considered, a dependency of the specific AMG productivity (AGU/g biomass/h) on the percentage of extending tips was found, suggesting that protein secretion may be a bottle-neck in this strain during fed-batch fermentations.
Abstract DDT01-01: The discovery and preclinical characterization of AMG 176: A first-in-class Mcl-1 inhibitor in clinical development for multiple myeloma (2017)

Abstract Mcl-1 is a prosurvival member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, which regulate programmed cell death via protein-protein interactions between prosurvival and proapoptotic members of the family. A variety of studies have demonstrated that Mcl-1 is a key prosurvival factor for many human cancers, making it a highly desirable target for therapeutic intervention. However, targeting Mcl-1 to induce tumor cell death has been an exceptional challenge for the development of drug-like small molecule inhibitors due to the high-affinity interaction of Mcl-1 with proapoptotic binding partners and the lack of an obvious small molecule binding pocket. In this presentation we will describe the application of structural analysis and molecular modeling to the optimization of an HTS screening hit that culminated in the identification of a clinical candidate, AMG 176. In addition, we will present data demonstrating that AMG 176 is a potent, highly selective, and reversible Mcl-1 inhibitor. Mechanism-of-action studies revealed that AMG 176 induces a rapid and irreversible commitment to apoptosis in tumor cells via the disruption of protein-protein interactions with proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. Furthermore, the extensive profiling of a large and diverse tumor cell line panel revealed that lines derived from hematologic malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, are particularly sensitive to Mcl-1 inhibition with the expression of Bcl-xL inversely correlating with response. In addition, cell line profiling data revealed an activity profile distinct from a selective Bcl-2 inhibitor, further underscoring the unique therapeutic opportunity for an Mcl-1 inhibitor. Synergistic combinations were identified with therapies selectively targeting Bcl-2, the MAPK pathway, and proteasome inhibitors. In vivo, AMG 176 demonstrated robust inhibition of tumor xenograft growth with a clear PK/PD relationship, exhibiting on-mechanism activity as measured by Bak and caspase activation on a discontinuous dosing schedule of once or twice weekly. An ongoing phase 1 clinical trial is currently evaluating AMG 176 in multiple myeloma. Citation Format: Paul E. Hughes. The discovery and preclinical characterization of AMG 176: A first-in-class Mcl-1 inhibitor in clinical development for multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr DDT01-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-DDT01-01
Optimization of transmission and emission scan duration in 3D whole-body PET (1997)

Whole-body PET imaging is being increasingly used to identify and localize malignant disease remote from the site of the primary tumour. Patients are typically scanned at multiple contiguous bed positions over an axial length of 75-100 cm. Ideally, for oncology patients, the total scan duration should not exceed about an hour and therefore only 5-10 minutes of imaging can be performed at each bed position. To minimize the total scan duration, the transmission scan is often omitted and the emission scan reconstructed without attenuation correction. However, whole-body scans reconstructed without attenuation are non-quantitative and can lead to incorrect diagnoses, particularly for tumours located deep within the body. We have performed a series of torso phantom measurements on a 3D PET scanner (ECAT ART) to investigate the optimal partition of scan time between the emission and transmission scans for a fixed total scan duration. We find that 20%-40% of the total scan time should be dedicated to the transmission acquisition to minimize noise in the attenuation-corrected image. The optimal partition depends on the method of calculating the attenuation correction factors and on the reconstruction algorithm.
Autoantibody Profiling in Multiple Sclerosis Reveals Novel Antigenic Candidates (2008)

An important contribution of B cells and autoantibodies has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to interest in the use of such autoantibodies as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. The objective of this study was to identify novel Ab biomarkers for MS using "serological Ag selection". Using a phage display library derived from MS brain plaques, we applied serological Ag selection to identify antigenic targets specifically interacting with Abs present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 10 relapsing-remitting MS patients. These antigenic targets were further evaluated on a large panel of CSF from 63 other MS patients, 30 patients with other inflammatory disorders, and 64 patients with noninflammatory neurological disorders. A panel of eight antigenic targets was identified that showed a 86% specificity and 45% sensitivity in discriminating MS patients and controls. Four of the antigenic targets showed exclusive reactivity (100% specificity; 23% sensitivity) in the MS group as compared with the control group. Detailed bio-informatic analyses revealed a novel Ag, SPAG16. Among the novel phage peptides identified, novel epitopes were generated from untranslated sequences and out-of-frame sequences. Of 10 relapsing-remitting patients used for serological Ag selection, Ab reactivity toward one of the eight antigenic targets was also demonstrated in serum of 38% CSF-positive patients. Autoantibody profiles against epitopes derived from MS brain tissue could serve as diagnostic markers or form the basis for the identification of a subgroup of MS patients.
Extremely Large Magnetoresistance in Boron-Doped Silicon (2008)

Boron-doped Si-SiO2-Al structures are fabricated to study extremely large magnetoresistance (MR) effects. Current-voltage characteristics show a nonlinear behavior, dominated by an autocatalytic process of impact ionization. At low temperatures, the magnetic field postpones the onset of impact ionization to higher electric fields. This results in a symmetric positive MR of over 10,000% at 400 kA/m. Applying a magnetic field leads to an increase of the acceptor level compared to the valence band as deduced by admittance spectroscopy. A macroscopic transport model is introduced to describe how the MR is controlled by voltage, electrode spacing, and oxide thickness.
Antimalarial Properties of Floxacrine, a Dihydroacridinedione Derivative (1979)

Evaluations of the activities of floxacrine [7-chloro-10-hydroxy-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroacridine-1,9(2H, 10H)-dione] in owl monkeys infected with trophozoites of a chloroquine-quinine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, a strain of this plasmodium resistant to both of these quinolines and pyrimethamine, or a strain of P. vivax resistant only to pyrimethamine showed that: (i) this compound regularly effected temporary clearance of parasitemia at daily doses of 1.25 to 2.5 mg/kg; (ii) doses required for the cure of established infections were larger by factors of 6 to 64 than those that effected parasite clearance; (iii) there was more than a 10-fold difference in doses required for the cure of infections with the different strains; and (iv) resistance to floxacrine developed rapidly. Evaluations of the activities of floxacrine in rhesus monkeys challenged with sporozoites of P. cynomolgi showed that: (i) 0.625-mg/kg doses administered daily throughout the incubation period provided complete protection against infection; (ii) single 40.0-mg/kg doses delivered 2 h before sporozoite challenge were without prophylactic activity; and (iii) daily doses of 40.0 mg/kg, the maximum tolerated level, productive of a hemorrhagic syndrome in some subjects, would not cure established infections. These observations suggest that the potential contribution of floxacrine to malaria therapy would be limited to the prophylactic area and for practical reasons would be restricted there by the requirement for daily dosage.
Overexpression of HAP4 in glucose-derepressed yeast cells reveals respiratory control of glucose-regulated genes (2004)

A link between control of respiration and glucose repression in yeast is reported. The HAP4 gene was overexpressed in a Delta mig1 deletion background, generating a mutant in which respiratory function is stimulated and glucose repression is diminished. Although this combination does not result in derepression of genes encoding proteins involved in respiratory function, it nevertheless generates resistance against 2-deoxyglucose and hence contributes to more derepressed growth characteristics. Unexpectedly, overexpression of HAP4 in the Delta mig1 deletion strain causes strong repression of several target genes of the Mig1p repressor. Repression is not restricted to glucose growth conditions and does not require the glucose repressors Mig2p or Hxk2p. It was observed that expression of the SUC2 gene is transiently repressed after glucose is added to respiratory-growing Delta mig1 cells. Additional overexpression of HAP4 prevents release from this novel repressed state. The data presented show that respiratory function controls transcription of genes required for the metabolism of alternative sugars. This respiratory feedback control is suggested to regulate the feed into glycolysis in derepressed conditions.
Copyright by nature : Neue Micro-Siliconharzfarbe mit Lotuseffekt für trockene und saubere Fassaden (1999)

Tous les utilisateurs et les proprietaires de maisons souhaitent avoir une facade seche et propre. Une peinture a la resine de microsilicone nouvellement mise au point permet d'obtenir une surface microstructuree copiee sur la nature dans le but d'oter aux micro-organismes leurs fondements vitaux, a savoir l'eau et les impuretes.
Partial Purification and Properties of l-Glutamine d-Fructose 6-Phosphate Amidotransferase from <i>Phaseolus aureus</i> (1972)

l-Glutamine d-fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase (EC 2.6.1.16) was extracted and purified 600-fold by acetone fractionation and diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography from mung bean seeds (Phaseolus aureus). The partially purified enzyme was highly specific for l-glutamine as an amide nitrogen donor, and l-asparagine could not replace it. The enzyme showed a pH optimum in the range of 6.2 to 6.7 in phosphate buffer. Km values of 3.8 mm and 0.5 mm were obtained for d-fructose 6-phosphate and l-glutamine, respectively. The enzyme was competitively inhibited with respect to d-fructose 6-phosphate by uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine which had a Ki value of 13 mum. Upon removal of l-glutamine and its replacement by d-fructose 6-phosphate and storage over liquid nitrogen, the enzyme was completely desensitized to inhibition by uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. This indicates that the inhibitor site is distinct from the catalytic site and that uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine acts as a feedback inhibitor of the enzyme.