gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Viscoelastic Wall Properties in Ovine Arteries (2008)

In this paper, we analyze how elastic and viscoelastic properties differ across seven locations along the large arteries in 11 sheep. We employ a two-parameter elastic model and a four-parameter Kelvin viscoelastic model to analyze experimental measurements of vessel diameter and blood pressure obtained in vitro at conditions mimicking in vivo dynamics. Elastic and viscoelastic wall properties were assessed via solutions to the associated inverse problem. We use sensitivity analysis to rank the model parameters from the most to the least sensitive, as well as to compute standard errors and confidence intervals. Results reveal that elastic properties in both models (including Young's modulus and the viscoelastic relaxation parameters) vary across locations (smaller arteries are stiffer than larger arteries). We also show that for all locations, the inclusion of viscoelastic behavior is important to capture pressure-area dynamics.
An adaptive algorithm for the compression of computer data (1989)

A scheme for compressing computer data by treating them as sequences of bytes is described. For each individual sequence to be compressed, a source model of predetermined complexity is built adaptively starting from a memoryless model. An alphabet reduction technique which permits handling of each bit within a byte separately is introduced. Variable-order Markov contexts are generated for each bit within a byte by a process of selective context splitting. The selection of a context for splitting is based on the context's probability as well as the bit entropy under the context. Estimation of bit statistics under the different contexts is made adaptively and encoding is accomplished by an arithmetic code. The scheme allows the complexity of the source model, and thereby the compression performance, to be altered easily. Experiments on typical computer files show that the present scheme, at a moderate complexity level, often outperforms some of the existing schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction (2007)

The Calphad technique has reached maturity. It started from a vision of combining data from thermodynamics, phase diagrams, and atomistic properties such as magnetism into a unified and consistent model. It is now a powerful method in a wide field of applications where modeled Gibbs energies and derivatives thereof are used to calculate properties and simulate transformations of real multicomponent materials. Chemical potentials and the thermodynamic factor (second derivatives of the Gibbs energy) are used in diffusion simulations. The driving forces of the phases are used to simulate the evolution of microstructures on the basis of the Landau theory. In solidification simulations the fractions of solid phases and the segregation of components, as well as energies of metastable states, which are experimentally observed by carrying out rapid solidification, are used. Whenever the thermodynamic description of a system is required, the Calphad technique can be applied.
Preceding vehicle detection using Histograms of Oriented Gradients (2010)

This paper presents a monocular vision-based preceding vehicle detection system using Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) based method and linear SVM classification. Our detection algorithm consists of three main components: HOG feature extraction, linear SVM classifier training and vehicles detection. Integral Image method is adopted to improve the HOG computational efficiency, and hard examples are generated to reduce false positives in the training phase. In detection step, the multiple overlapping detections due to multi-scale window searching are very well fused by non-maximum suppression based on mean-shift. The monocular system is tested under different traffic scenarios (e.g., simply structured highway, complex urban environments, local occlusion conditions), illustrating good performance.
Surface grafting of polyethylene by mutual irradiation in methyl acrylate vapor. III. Quantitative surface analysis by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1979)

Abstract X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) has been used for quantitative surface analysis of surface grafts prepared by mutual irradiation of polyethylene (PE) in methyl acrylate (MA) vapor with γ rays and high‐energy electrons. The binding‐energy shift between the C 1 s electrons in the ester group of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and in PE is large enough (ca. 3.6 eV) to distinguish the PMA and PE components. The C 1 s peak‐area ratio of ester carbon to other carbons is related quantitatively to graft composition by constructing a calibration curve for a given instrument and excitation source, with a series of homogeneous grafts of known composition used as the calibration standards. Using the calibration curve and the measured peak ratio, the surface composition of the surface grafts is determined. The relations between surface compositions according to ESCA and attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy and between adhesive bond strength and ESCA composition are discussed. In the electron‐induced grafts, the grafted surface reaches maximum adhesive bondability with attainment of 100 mole % MA in the surface detected by ESCA; i.e., with formation of a homopolymer layer. The ESCA composition can be used as an indicator of the presence of the homopolymer layer or as a criterion for predicting adhesive bond strength.
Inter‐firm sharing of process knowledge: exploring knowledge markets (2002)

Abstract Markets and communities are two modalities of knowledge exchange between firms; and this study concludes with a model that addresses the tension between the two modalities. The model resulted from an exploratory study conducted under the umbrella of a national consortium, using the methodology of participatory action research. The study involved three large multinational firms, where one firm supplied knowledge of three different processes used in product development to two other non‐competitive firms outside their supply chain. The knowledge was shared within the framework of an intervention that included the following: (1) individual work with process‐related course materials via the web or compact disc, followed by (2) interactive group sessions supported by videoconference facilities and led by a process expert from the supplying firm. Empirical data were gathered by interviewing participants before and after the intervention, and by observing interactive group sessions. Findings from the empirical data describe rationales for inter‐firm sharing of process knowledge, which illustrate a market modality of exchange; and describe practices for effective knowledge sharing, which illustrate aspects of a community modality of exchange. The model induced from these findings compares the situational setting, constellation of meanings and associated knowledge sharing practices for both modalities of exchange: market and community. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FPGA Implementation of a Switching Frequency Modulation Circuit for EMI Reduction in Resonant Inverters for Induction Heating Appliances (2008)

This paper presents the use of frequency modulation as a spread spectrum technique to reduce conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the A frequency band (9-150 kHz) caused by resonant inverters used in induction heating home appliances. For sinusoidal, triangular, and sawtooth modulation profiles, the influence of peak period deviation in EMI reduction and in the power delivered to the load is analyzed. A digital circuit that generates the best of the analyzed modulation profiles is implemented in a field programmable gate array. The design is modeled in a very-high-speed integrated circuits hardware description language (VHDL). The digital circuit, the power converter, and the spectrum analyzer are simulated all together using a mixed-signal simulation tool to verify the functionality of the VHDL description. The spectrum analyzer is modeled in VHDL-analog and mixed-signal extension language (VHDL-AMS) and takes into account the resolution bandwidth stipulated by the EMI measurement standard. Finally, the simulations are experimentally verified on a 3.5 kW resonant inverter operating at 35 kHz.
Abnormal Relaxin Secretion during Pregnancy in Women with Type 1 Diabetes<sup>1</sup> (2003)

To test the hypothesis that relaxin may play a role in the fetal abnormalities associated with pregnancy in type 1 diabetic women, we previously compared gestational relaxin concentrations in diabetic and clinically normal women using a porcine relaxin radioimmunoassay (RIA): Serum immunoactive relaxin was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in the diabetic women. To confirm and extend this work in a larger group of subjects, we have now used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for human H2 relaxin (the normal human gene product) to determine immunoactive serum relaxin concentrations in serial samples from 61 Type 1 diabetic and 21 normal pregnant women. Samples from 22 of the diabetic and nine of the normal women were also directly compared in the porcine relaxin RIA. ELISA-determined serum relaxin was higher (P < 0.001) at 24 and 36 weeks of pregnancy in type 1 diabetic women than in controls, confirming previous findings. However, the geometric mean increase in immunoactive relaxin concentration in identical samples from pregnant diabetic women over that of controls was significantly greater with the RIA than with the ELISA (271% vs 44%; P < 0.001). To investigate this discrepancy, the specificity and epitope selectivity of the RIA and the ELISA were compared using several synthetic polypeptides, including human relaxins H1 and H2, and relaxin and insulin derivatives. Both assays showed great specificity, but the porcine RIA selectively identified the epitopes of the receptor-binding domain of the relaxin B chain and cross-reacted strongly with H1 and H2 relaxins. In contrast, only the H2 peptide was detected by the ELISA antiserum. Therefore, the marked discrepancy between the RIA and the ELISA could be due to the presence in the diabetic samples of another relaxin-like molecule in addition to the normal H2 relaxin. The biological consequences of elevated serum relaxin in diabetic pregnancy remain to be elucidated.
Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) in Plasma and Tissue (1990)

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in rat plasma and tissue was studied after administration of quinapril, a new orally active ACE inhibitor with an intermediate duration of action. Tissue and plasma ACE was assessed by a radioinhibitor-binding assay and by in vitro autoradiography using [125I]351A as the radioligand. Individual tissues in rats were differentially inhibited in time and degree. The highest ACE inhibition in plasma and in tissues occurred within the first 2 h after gavage treatment with quinapril, 0.3 mg/kg. After 24 h, ACE was still inhibited by 25% in plasma, by 30% in the aorta, by 35% in the kidneys, and by more than 40% in cardiac atria and ventricles. Plasma and kidney tissues showed increasing ACE inhibition in a dose-dependent manner after oral dosing with quinapril. In the brain, only the structures outside the blood-brain barrier were inhibited after the administration of 0.1 mg/kg of quinapril. Similarly, testicular ACE was unaffected by quinapril. These results demonstrate a prolonged effect of quinapril on tissue ACE and suggest that ACE inhibition in the heart, vasculature, and kidneys may be of particular importance in pathologic states such as hypertension or heart failure.
MaPSeq, A Service-Oriented Architecture for Genomics Research within an Academic Biomedical Research Institution (2015)

Genomics research presents technical, computational, and analytical challenges that are well recognized. Less recognized are the complex sociological, psychological, cultural, and political challenges that arise when genomics research takes place within a large, decentralized academic institution. In this paper, we describe a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)—MaPSeq—that was conceptualized and designed to meet the diverse and evolving computational workflow needs of genomics researchers at our large, hospital-affiliated, academic research institution. We present the institutional challenges that motivated the design of MaPSeq before describing the architecture and functionality of MaPSeq. We then discuss SOA solutions and conclude that approaches such as MaPSeq enable efficient and effective computational workflow execution for genomics research and for any type of academic biomedical research that requires complex, computationally-intense workflows.
Television and the Motion Picture Industry (1946)

implies that it is a development or outgrowth of broadcasting. From a technical and regulatory point of view, this is undoubtedly true. Television for the most part was developed and is still being developed in the laboratory of the broadcasting industry; it will be regulated by the Federal Communications Commission. But from an operative point of view it will utilize the techniques and practices of the motion picture industry. The iconoscope, image orthicon, or television camera will employ visual in lieu of aural techniques for this new medium of communication.
SOX7 and SOX18 are essential for cardiogenesis in <i>Xenopus</i> (2005)

Early in vertebrate development, endodermal signals act on mesoderm to induce cardiogenesis. The F-type SOXs SOX7 and SOX18beta are expressed in the cardiogenic region of the early Xenopus embryo. Injection of RNAs encoding SOX7 or SOX18beta, but not the related F-type SOX, SOX17, leads to the nodal-dependent expression of markers of cardiogenesis in animal cap explants. Injection of morpholinos directed against either SOX7 or SOX18mRNAs lead to a partial inhibition of cardiogenesis in vivo, while co-injection of SOX7 and SOX18 morpholinos strongly inhibited cardiogenesis. SOX7 RNA rescued the effects of the SOX18 morpholino and visa versa, indicating that the proteins have redundant functions. In animal cap explants, it appears that SOX7 and SOX18 act indirectly through Xnr2 to induce mesodermal (Eomesodermin, Snail, Wnt11), organizer (Cerberus) and endodermal (endodermin, Hex) tissues, which then interact to initiate cardiogenesis. Versions of SOX7 and SOX18 with their C-terminal, beta-catenin interaction domains replaced by a transcriptional activator domain failed to antagonize beta-catenin activation of Siamois, but still induced cardiogenesis. These observations identify SOX7 and SOX18 as important, and previously unsuspected, regulators of cardiogenesis in Xenopus.
High-copy suppression of glucose transport defects by HXT4 and regulatory elements in the promoters of the HXT genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1994)

HXT4, a new member of the hexose transporter (HXT) family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified by its ability to suppress the snf3 mutation in multicopy. Multicopy HXT4 increases both high and low affinity glucose transport in snf3 strains and increases low and high transport in wild-type strains. Characterization of HXT4 led to the discovery of a new class of multicopy suppressors of glucose transport defects: regulatory elements in the promoters of the HXT genes. We have designated these sequences DDSEs (DNA sequence dependent suppressing element). Multicopy HXT4 and DDSEs in the HXT1, HXT2, HXT3 and HXT4 promoters were found to restore growth to snf3 and grr1 strains on low glucose media. The DDSE in the HXT4 promoter was refined to a 340-bp sequence 450 bp upstream of the HXT4 translational start. This region was found to contain an 183-amino acid open reading frame. Extensive analysis indicates that the DNA sequence itself and not the encoded protein is responsible for suppression. The promoters of SNF3 and of other glycolytic genes examined did not suppress snf3 in multicopy. Suppression of snf3 by DDSE is dependent on the presence of either HXT2 or HXT3.
Single-Trial EEG Classification Using Logistic Regression Based on Ensemble Synchronization (2014)

In this paper, we propose an ensemble synchronization measure across all EEG channel pairs of a cluster based on Frobenius norm of the phase synchronization matrix, in a 0-1 scale enabling a direct comparison between clusters with different number of channels. Using this metric, we studied the intrahemispheric EEG synchronization in the lower gamma band (30-40 Hz) during 1229 single trials of an audio-visual integration cross modal task (CMT) recorded from five patients with schizophrenia and five healthy control subjects. Using ensemble synchronization measure and response latency of single trials recorded during the CMT as features for logistic regression, we could classify each single trial of EEG as belonging to a patient with schizophrenia or a healthy control subject with 73% accuracy, with an area under receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.83. We also propose a likelihood rating to denote the possibility of a subject belonging to the schizophrenia group.
Integration of active and passive compliance control for safe human-robot coexistence (2009)

In this paper we discuss the integration of active and passive approaches to robotic safety in an overall scheme for real-time manipulator control. The active control approach is based on the use of a supervisory visual system, which detects the presence and position of humans in the vicinity of the robot arm, and generates motion references. The passive control approach uses variable joint impedance which combines with velocity control to guarantee safety in worst-case conditions, i.e. unforeseen impacts. The implementation of these techniques in a 3-dof, variable impedance arm is described, and the effectiveness of their functional integration is demonstrated through experiments.
ESTIMATING FRACTURE DENSITY FROM A LINEAR OR AREAL SURVEY (2016)

Fracture density is an important parameter of a fracture network. There are several definitions of fracture density and we are concerned here with the average fracture surface per unit volume. When fractures are not distributed equally among all directions, this parameter can be considered as a function of fracture pole. It can be evaluated from areal and/or linear surveys. This evaluation must account for the geometric bias due to the fact that fractures oblique to the scanline or surface are less easily observed than fractures orthogonal to it. A well-known technique to achieve this is the Terzaghi correction. We propose here an improved correction when survey outcrops and/or boreholes with different orientations are available.
Properties of asparagine synthetase in asparagine-independent variants of Jensen rat sarcoma cells induced by 5-azacytidine. (1983)

Jensen rat sarcoma cells in culture require L-asparagine for growth and lack detectable levels of asparagine synthetase. Cultures exposed for 24 h to graded concentrations of 5-azacytidine give rise to asparagine-independent variants in high frequency. These prototrophs are stable phenotypically whether maintained in the presence or absence of L-asparagine. Asparagine synthetase activity in several variant clones was uniform in thermolability and several kinetic parameters, as well as in immunological properties. Parental Jensen rat sarcoma cells contained no detectable immunologically cross-reacting material. Our data suggest that transitions between asparagine dependence and independence in these cells are mediated by stable shifts in gene expression rather than by structural gene mutations.
Autonomous landing of quadrotor based on ground effect modelling (2015)

Due to the ground effect, it is difficult for quadrotor to take off or land precisely. This paper presents a new ground effect model of quadrotor based on the Cheeseman's model for helicopter, and a ground effect compensator is introduced into the control system. Meanwhile by combining the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control method and the robust compensation technique, a robust altitude controller is designed to keep the height of quadrotor and land it at an accurate time. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our ground effect model and the control method.
Antiviral activity of dolutegravir in subjects with failure on an integrase inhibitor‐based regimen: week 24 phase 3 results from VIKING‐3 (2012)

Background VIKING‐3 aimed to examine efficacy and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg twice daily in patients with resistance to multiple ARV classes, including integrase inhibitors (INI). Methods RAL and/or EVG‐resistant (current or historical) adult subjects with screening plasma HIV‐1 RNA ≥500 c/mL and resistance to ≥2 other ART classes received open‐label DTG 50 mg BID while continuing their failing regimen (without RAL/EVG). At Day 8 the background regimen was optimised and DTG continued. Activity of the optimized background regimen (OBR) was determined by Monogram Net Assessment. Primary endpoints were antiviral efficacy at Day 8 and Week 24. Results 183 subjects enrolled, 124 with INI‐resistance at screening and 59 with historical (but no screening) resistance. Population was advanced: at BL, median CD4 140, prior ART 13 yrs, 56% CDC Class C; 79% had >2 NRTI, 75% >1 NNRTI, and 70% >2 PI resistance‐associated mutations, and 61% had non‐R5 HIV detected. Of the 114 subjects who had the opportunity to complete 24 weeks on study before data cutoff, 72 (63%) had <50 c/mL RNA at Week 24 (SNAPSHOT algorithm). Mean HIV RNA declined by 1.4 log 10 c/mL (95% CI: 1.3, 1.5; p < 0.001) at Day 8; response differed by genotype pathway (Table). Primary INI mutations at BL N Mean HIV RNA (log 10 ) Change from BL (SD) at Day 8 %>1 log HIV RNA decline of <50 c/mL at Day 8 TOTAL 183 −1.4 (0.61) 82% T66 1 −1.9 100% Y143 28 −1.7 (0.42) 96% N155 33 −1.4 (0.51) 82% Q148 + ≤1 secondary mutation # 32 −1.1 (0.51) 69% Q148 + ≥2 secondary mutations # 20 −1.0 (0.81) 48% ≥2 primary mutations 8 −1.4 (0.76) 75% No primary mutations 60 −1.6 (0.55) 95% Key secondary mutations comprised G140_ACS, L741, E138_AKT. In subjects with Q148 pathway mutations, virologic response decreased with increasing number of secondary mutations. Background overall susceptibility score (OSS) was not associated with Wk 24 response: % <50 c/mL were 83%, 63%, 59% and 69% for OSS 0, 1, 2 and >2, respectively. Discontinuations due to adverse events were uncommon (6/183, 3%); the most common drug‐related AEs were diarrhoea, nausea and headache, each reported in only 5% of subjects. Conclusion A majority of the highly treatment‐experienced subjects in VIKING‐3 achieved suppression with DTG‐based therapy. Responses were associated with Baseline IN genotype but not OSS, highlighting the importance and independence of DTG antiviral activity. DTG had a low rate of discontinuation due to adverse events at 50 mg BID in this advanced patient population.
Gene Expression Changes Associated with Resistance to Intravenous Corticosteroid Therapy in Children with Severe Ulcerative Colitis (2010)

Elevated expression of several genes involved in inflammatory pathways was associated with resistance to intravenous corticosteroid therapy early in the course of treatment. Gene expression profiles may be useful to classify resistance to intravenous corticosteroids in children with severe UC and assist with clinical management decisions.
Addition of thiols to some 5-substituted norborn-2-enes (1973)

Thiols react with 5-substituted norborn-2-ene derivatives to afford 2-exo- and 3-exo-sulphides by addition across the double bond. Product proportions appear to depend on the relative stability of the intermediate radicals formed by attack at positions 2 and 3 respectively, and, in additions of benzenethiol, also on the variation in the degree of reversibility of radical attack at positions 2 and 3. The addition of thiols to norborn-2-en-5-one forms 2-exo-, 3-exo-, and 7-anti-sulphides, the last having its origin either in the rearrangement of the intermediate formed by radical attack at position 2, or in the formation of a non-classical homoenolised radical by attack at position 2.