gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ball lens coupled fiber-optic probe for depth-resolved spectroscopy of epithelial tissue (2005)

A ball lens coupled fiber-optic probe design is described for depth-resolved measurements of the fluorescence and reflectance properties of epithelial tissue. A reflectance target, fluorescence targets, and a two-layer tissue phantom consisting of fluorescent microspheres suspended in collagen are used to characterize the performance of the probe. Localization of the signal to within 300 microm of the probe tip is observed by use of reflectance and fluorescence targets in air. Differential enhancement of the fluorescence signal from the top layer of the two-layer tissue phantom is observed.
Technical solutions for a full-resolution autostereoscopic 2D/3D display technology (2008)

Auto-stereoscopic 3D displays capable of high quality, full-resolution images for multiple users can only be created with time-sequential systems incorporating eye tracking and a dedicated optical design. The availability of high speed displays with 120Hz and faster eliminated one of the major hurdles for commercial solutions. Results of alternative display solutions from SeeReal show the impact of optical design on system performance and product features. Depending on the manufacturer's capabilities, system complexity can be shifted from optics to SLM with an impact on viewing angle, number of users and energy efficiency, but also on manufacturing processes. A proprietary solution for eye tracking from SeeReal demonstrates that the required key features can be achieved and implemented in commercial systems in a reasonably short time.
Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Microglia in Brain Homeostasis and Proteopathy (2017)

Brain aging is central to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), although the mechanisms by which it occurs at protein or cellular levels are not fully understood. Alzheimer's disease is the most common proteopathy and is characterized by two unique pathologies: senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the former accumulating earlier than the latter. Aging alters the proteostasis of amyloid-β peptides and microtubule-associated protein tau, which are regulated in both autonomous and non-autonomous manners. Microglia, the resident phagocytes of the central nervous system, play a major role in the non-autonomous clearance of protein aggregates. Their function is significantly altered by aging and neurodegeneration. This is genetically supported by the association of microglia-specific genes, <i>TREM2</i> and <i>CD33</i>, and late onset Alzheimer's disease. Here, we propose that the functional characterization of microglia, and their contribution to proteopathy, will lead to a new therapeutic direction in Alzheimer's disease research.
Nonblocking algorithms and scalable multicore programming (2013)

Exploring an alternative to lock-based synchronization.
The human ubiquitin gene family: structure of a gene and pseudogenes from the Ub B subfamily (1987)

An ubiquitin cDNA clone was isolated from a human liver cDNA library. This clone contained two complete, and a portion of a third, ubiquitin coding sequences joined head to tail with no spacer peptides. Screening a human genomic library with a probe derived from the coding region of this cDNA identified a large number of cross-hybridising clones. Differential screening of these genomic clones with the 3' non-coding region of the cDNA identified three different 3'-positive clones. Sequence analysis of these three clones revealed: a gene corresponding to the cDNA containing an intron in the 5' non-coding region and coding for three direct repeats of mature ubiquitin, and two related pseudogenes which appear to have arisen by reverse transcription and insertion into the genome. However, one pseudogene contains two repeats of the ubiquitin coding sequence, while the other contains only one. Hybridisation analysis of restricted human genomic DNA suggests the presence of one other closely related gene within the genome.
Members of the tomato <i>LeEIL</i> (<i>EIN3‐like</i>) gene family are functionally redundant and regulate ethylene responses throughout plant development (2001)

The plant hormone ethylene regulates many aspects of growth, development and responses to the environment. The Arabidopsis ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) protein is a nuclear-localized component of the ethylene signal-transduction pathway with DNA-binding activity. Loss-of-function mutations in this protein result in ethylene insensitivity in Arabidopsis. To gain a better understanding of the ethylene signal-transduction pathway in tomato, we have identified three homologs of the Arabidopsis EIN3 gene (LeEILs). Each of these genes complemented the ein3-1 mutation in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating that all are involved in ethylene signal transduction. Transgenic tomato plants with reduced expression of a single LeEIL gene did not exhibit significant changes in ethylene response; reduced expression of multiple tomato LeEIL genes was necessary to reduce ethylene sensitivity significantly. Reduced LeEIL expression affected all ethylene responses examined, including leaf epinasty, flower abscission, flower senescence and fruit ripening. Our results indicate that the LeEILs are functionally redundant and positive regulators of multiple ethylene responses throughout plant development.
Stock Fluctuations Anomaly Detection Based on Wavelet Modulus Maxima (2009)

Stock fluctuations anomaly increase the uncertainty and investment risk in the stock market, is an important element in financial research. In this paper, wavelet modulus maxima method is used in the detection of abnormal stock analysis. It is obtained based on the irregular sampling in the multi-scale wavelet transform. It overcomes the localized limitation about traditional Fourier analysis in time and frequency domains. Experimental results show that the wavelet modulus maxima method can not only depict the position of the point mutation in the signals but also capture the singular points of the stock unusual fluctuations quickly and accurately.
Bats and Emerging Zoonoses: Henipaviruses and SARS (2009)

Nearly 75% of all emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) that impact or threaten human health are zoonotic. The majority have spilled from wildlife reservoirs, either directly to humans or via domestic animals. The emergence of many can be attributed to predisposing factors such as global travel, trade, agricultural expansion, deforestation/habitat fragmentation, and urbanization; such factors increase the interface and/or the rate of contact between human, domestic animal, and wildlife populations, thereby creating increased opportunities for spillover events to occur. Infectious disease emergence can be regarded as primarily an ecological process. The epidemiological investigation of EIDs associated with wildlife requires a trans-disciplinary approach that includes an understanding of the ecology of the wildlife species, and an understanding of human behaviours that increase risk of exposure. Investigations of the emergence of Nipah virus in Malaysia in 1999 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in China in 2003 provide useful case studies. The emergence of Nipah virus was associated with the increased size and density of commercial pig farms and their encroachment into forested areas. The movement of pigs for sale and slaughter in turn led to the rapid spread of infection to southern peninsular Malaysia, where the high-density, largely urban pig populations facilitated transmission to humans. Identifying the factors associated with the emergence of SARS in southern China requires an understanding of the ecology of infection both in the natural reservoir and in secondary market reservoir species. A necessary extension of understanding the ecology of the reservoir is an understanding of the trade, and of the social and cultural context of wildlife consumption. Emerging infectious diseases originating from wildlife populations will continue to threaten public health. Mitigating and managing the risk requires an appreciation of the connectedness between human, livestock and wildlife health, and of the factors and processes that disrupt the balance.
Dry beans of<i>phaseolus</i>. A review. Part 2. Chemical composition: Carbohydrates, fiber, minerals, vitamins, and lipids (1984)

Beans of Phaseolus are an important food crop both economically and nutritionally, and are cultivated and consumed worldwide. With ever rising costs of meats and fresh fruits and vegetables, dry beans are expected to contribute more to the human nutrition in coming years. Traditionally, they have been referred to as "poor man's meat" and have contributed significantly to the diets of many people of several countries in Asia, Africa, Middle East, and South America. In recent years, a renewed interest in bean research in Western European countries and the U.S. is evident. In this review, certain biochemical, technological, nutritional, and toxicological aspects are discussed and the limitations and problems associated with dry beans of Phaseolus as human food are addressed.
Species-specific cloned DNA probes for the identification of Campylobacter hyointestinalis (1989)

Conventional microbiological methods for isolating and identifying Campylobacter species are laborious, tedious, and subjective. Because of the increasing importance of Campylobacter species in human and animal diseases and the recent emergence of many new species and atypical strains, we are developing chromosomal DNA probes for rapid and simple identification of Campylobacter species, especially those of veterinary importance. We report the cloning and characterization of chromosomal DNA fragments from Campylobacter hyointestinalis, an organism isolated from pigs with proliferative enteritis. To obtain C. hyointestinalis-specific probes, chromosomal DNA fragments from C. hyointestinalis were cloned into plasmid vector pGEM-3Z. Recombinant plasmids were screened for C. hyointestinalis-specific inserts by DNA hybridization, using chromosomal DNA from either C. hyointestinalis or C. fetus which had been 32P labeled. Recombinants which hybridized to C. hyointestinalis, but not C. fetus, DNA were 32P labeled and screened further for sensitivity and specificity. Three probes were identified that were species specific and capable of detecting 10(4) C. hyointestinalis organisms by bacterial spot blotting in 48 h. We anticipate that these probes will be useful for routine species identification and for epidemiological studies.
Allitridum mimics effect of ischemic preconditioning by activation of protein kinase C. (2001)

These data indicate that allitridum can precondition rabbit ischemic myocardium and this protection can be effectively blocked by administration of Poly B, an inhibitor of PKC, implying that PKC has an important role in preconditioning.
Recovery of sheep lice ( <i>Damalinia ovis</i> ) from baled wool: A technique enabling nation‐wide surveillance of louse ridden flocks (1984)

Abstract Wool from pre‐sale core samples was examined for sheep body lice. Wool was dissolved in boiling 20% NaOH, and the lice were collected by washing the treated sample over a 75 μm sieve. A total of 1112 samples from throughout New Zealand were processed. Six percent of these samples had more than 20 lice per 20 g of greasy wool, 3% had 16–20, 4% had 11–15, 9% had 6–10, and 78% had 5 or fewer lice per 20 g of greasy wool. The incidence of lice in baled wool was highest in the north of the North Island, and generally decreased from north to south. Samples gathered from 7 previous trials, for which the nocks' scoured wool yields had been recorded, were processed in a similar manner to determine the relationship between louse numbers and wool yield. There was a high correlation between louse numbers and loss in yield: 1 louse per g of greasy wool represented a loss of about 1%, 2 lice per g — about 4%, and 6 lice per g — about 5%. An estimate of the current annual louse‐related loss of marketable fibre, based on the trial and survey data, is 0.2% of the national clip. The dissolution method we used could easily be adapted for routine louse surveillance.
Motor cortex abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with transcranial direct‐current stimulation (2007)

The aim of this study was to identify a neurophysiological marker of upper motoneuron involvement in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For this purpose we evaluated the after-effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on excitability of the motor cortex of eight ALS patients and eight healthy controls. Healthy controls showed a transient polarity-specific change in corticospinal excitability of about +/-45%, with anodal tDCS inducing facilitation and cathodal tDCS leading to inhibition, whereas no change could be induced in ALS patients after either type of tDCS. It is likely that the lack of tDCS after-effects in ALS is the result of alterations of the motoneuronal membrane or, alternatively, may represent an electrophysiological correlate of disordered glutamate neurotransmission. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results. The present findings may lead to a new, reliable electrophysiological marker of upper motoneuronal involvement in ALS.
On the Beach and in the Bag: The Fate of Dieppe Casualties Left Behind (2000)

When the last Allied ships drew away from the beaches of Dieppe on 19 August 1942, they left behind over 2,700 of the 4,963 Canadians who had embarked on the raid: 807 men were dead, including four Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps [RCAMC] medical orderlies, and 1,946 (including four Canadian Medical Officers (MOs), a chaplain, and at least 11 RCAMC medical orderlies and 48 accredited stretcher-bearers) were abandoned to German captivity on the beaches and environs.1 As Lord Lovat wrote decades after the event, âthe raid was an exceedingly bitter experience, learnt the hard way.â2\nIt is to the fate of these nearly two thousand men, and in particularly the 568 who had been wounded and then captured, that this article is devoted. Many of the survivors faced lengthy hospitalization and rehabilitation, frequently under the care of POW medical personnel rather than German doctors. The account of that medical treatment is one of the untold stories of the Dieppe raid.
Molecular Characterization of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Strain 83972: the Taming of a Pathogen (2005)

Escherichia coli 83972 is a clinical asymptomatia bacteriuric isolate that is able to colonize the human urinary bladder without inducing an immune response. Here we demonstrate that one of the mechanisms by which this strain has become attenuated is through the mutation of its genes encoding type 1 and P fimbriae.
Digital Imaging in Diagnostic Radiology (1990)

This monograph on digital imaging provides a basic overview of this field at the present time. This paper covers clinical application, including subtraction angiography; chest radiology; genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and breast radiology; and teleradiology. The chest section also includes an explanation of multiple beam equalization radiography. The remaining chapters discuss some of the technical aspects of digital radiology. It includes the basic technology of digital radiography, image compression, and reconstruction information on the economics of digital radiography.
The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work (2000)

This paper presents a critical appraisal of resilience, a construct connoting the maintenance of positive adaptation by individuals despite experiences of significant adversity. As empirical research on resilience has burgeoned in recent years, criticisms have been levied at work in this area. These critiques have generally focused on ambiguities in definitions and central terminology; heterogeneity in risks experienced and competence achieved by individuals viewed as resilient; instability of the phenomenon of resilience; and concerns regarding the usefulness of resilience as a theoretical construct. We address each identified criticism in turn, proposing solutions for those we view as legitimate and clarifying misunderstandings surrounding those we believe to be less valid. We conclude that work on resilience possesses substantial potential for augmenting the understanding of processes affecting at-risk individuals. Realization of the potential embodied by this construct, however, will remain constrained without continued scientific attention to some of the serious conceptual and methodological pitfalls that have been noted by skeptics and proponents alike.
The cascade high productivity language (2004)

The strong focus of recent high end computing efforts on performance has resulted in a low-level parallel programming paradigm characterized by explicit control over message-passing in the framework of a fragmented programming model. In such a model, object code performance is achieved at the expense of productivity, conciseness, and clarity. This paper describes the design of Chapel, the cascade high productivity language, which is being developed in the DARPA-funded HPCS project Cascade led by Cray Inc. Chapel pushes the state-of-the-art in languages for HEC system programming by focusing on productivity, in particular by combining the goal of highest possible object code performance with that of programmability offered by a high-level user interface. The design of Chapel is guided by four key areas of language technology: multithreading, locality-awareness, object-orientation, and generic programming. The Cascade architecture, which is being developed in parallel with the language, provides key architectural support for its efficient implementation.
Cloning and sequencing of the 5′ region of the human glucose‐6‐phosphatase gene: transcriptional regulation by cAMP, insulin and glucocorticoids in H4IIE hepatoma cells (1996)

We have cloned and sequenced the first 1.2 kb of the 5' region of the human glucose-6-phosphatase gene. Transfection of H4IIE hepatoma cells with the 1.2 kb fragment fused to a luciferase reporter gene demonstrated both basal and hormone responsive luciferase activity. Dexamethasone increased and insulin decreased luciferase activity. Insulin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP both significantly decreased activity in the presence of dexamethasone.
A pulsed gradient spin echo NMR study of guest encapsulation by hydrogen-bonded tetraurea calix[4]arene dimers (1999)

Diffusion coefficients, as obtained by the PGSE NMR technique, were used to probe encapsulation of guests in self-assembled tetraurea calix[4]arene dimers in organic solvents and to demonstrate their destruction by DMSO.
The <i>E. coli</i> RhlE RNA helicase regulates the function of related RNA helicases during ribosome assembly (2007)

Escherichia coli contains five members of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family, a ubiquitous class of proteins characterized by their ability to unwind RNA duplexes. Although four of these proteins have been implicated in RNA turnover or ribosome biogenesis, no cellular function for the RhlE DEAD-box protein has been described as yet. During an analysis of the cold-sensitive growth defect of a strain lacking the DeaD/CsdA RNA helicase, rhlE plasmids were identified from a chromosomal library as multicopy suppressors of the growth defect. Remarkably, when tested for allele specificity, RhlE overproduction was found to exacerbate the cold-sensitive growth defect of a strain that lacks the SrmB RNA helicase. Moreover, the absence of RhlE exacerbated or alleviated the cold-sensitive defect of deaD or srmB strains, respectively. Primer extension and ribosome analysis indicated that RhlE regulates the accumulation of immature ribosomal RNA or ribosome precursors when deaD or srmB strains are grown at low temperatures. By using an epitope-tagged version of RhlE, the majority of RhlE in cell extracts was found to cosediment with ribosome-containing fractions. Since both DeaD and SrmB have been recently shown to function in ribosome assembly, these findings suggests that rhlE genetically interacts with srmB and deaD to modulate their function during ribosome maturation. On the basis of the available evidence, I propose that RhlE is a novel ribosome assembly factor, which plays a role in the interconversion of ribosomal RNA-folding intermediates that are further processed by DeaD or SrmB during ribosome maturation.
Moisture curing kinetics of isocyanate ended urethane quasi‐prepolymers monitored by IR spectroscopy and DSC (2007)

Abstract The study of the kinetics of the curing of isocyanate quasi‐prepolymers with water was performed by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of the free isocyanate content, polyol functionality, and of the addition of an amine catalyst (2,2′‐dimorpholinediethylether) in the reaction kinetics and morphology of the final poly(urethane urea) was analyzed. A second‐order autocatalyzed model was successfully applied to reproduce the curing process under isothermal curing conditions, until gelation occurred. A kinetic model‐free approach was used to find the dependence of the effective activation energy ( E a ) with the extent of cure, when the reaction was performed under nonisothermal conditions. The dependence of E a with the reaction progress was different depending on the initial composition of the quasi‐prepolymer, which reveals the complexity of the curing process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Depletion of radio-resistant regulatory T cells enhances antitumor immunity during recovery from lymphopenia (2012)

Cytotoxic lymphodepletion therapies augment antitumor immune responses. The generation and therapeutic efficacy of antitumor effector T cells (T(E)s) are enhanced during recovery from lymphopenia. Although the effects of lymphodepletion on naive T cells (T(N)s) and T(E)s have been studied extensively, the influence of lymphodepletion on suppressor cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate a significant increase of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in sublethally irradiated lymphopenic mice. These radio-resistant Tregs inhibited the induction of T(E)s in tumor-draining lymph-nodes (TDLNs) during recovery from lymphopenia. The transfer of T(N)s into lymphopenic tumor-bearing mice resulted in some antitumor effects; however, Treg depletion after whole-body irradiation and reconstitution strongly inhibited tumor progression. Further analyses revealed that tumor-specific T cells were primed from the transferred T(N)s, whereas the Tregs originated from irradiated recipient cells. As in irradiated lymphopenic mice, a high percentage of Tregs was observed in cyclophosphamide-treated lymphopenic mice. The inhibition of Tregs in cyclophosphamide-treated mice significantly reduced tumor growth. These results indicate that the Tregs that survive cytotoxic therapies suppress antitumor immunity during recovery from lymphopenia and suggest that approaches to deplete radio and chemo-resistant Tregs can enhance cancer immunotherapies.
Evaporation of carbon nanotubes during electron field emission (2001)

Extracting large field-emission currents from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes degrades their current–voltage behavior and changes the nanotube structure. Field-emission microscopy observations and field-emission current–voltage measurements revealed behavior characteristic of local heating, followed by thermally assisted field evaporation of the atoms on the end of the nanotube, and subsequent restructuring of the cap. Field evaporation of carbon was found to result in reduction of the length of the tube without catastrophic arcing events. This process defines the upper limit for the field-emission current that can be obtained from an individual single-walled nanotube.