gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Drugs modifying motility in ulcer therapy]. (1987)

The outstanding success of H2-blocking agents in ulcer therapy proves gastric acid as a dominating factor in the pathogenesis of ulcers. Motility disturbances can be demonstrated in ulcer patients but up to now in therapeutic terms played only a minor role. The therapeutic success of the antimuscarinic drug pirenzepine which inhibits only gastric secretory volume without influencing gastric pH but exerting a significant influence on interdigestive motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract reestablishes this factor to be of pathogenetic relevance. The pathophysiological factor of motility disturbances in the etiology of gastric ulcers is stressed also by the results of a recent therapeutic study comparing ranitidine and cisapride, where the motility-stimulating benzamide showed exactly the same rate of success as the H2-blocker; this holds true for both healing rate and symptomatic improvement. Therefore as far as chronic gastric ulcer is concerned a combination therapy should be preferred thus avoiding the side-effects of a strong and long lasting suppression of gastric acid secretion.
Dissociation energies of carbon bonds, and resonance energies in hydrocarbon radicals (1949)

J. S. Roberts and H. A. Skinner, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1949, 45, 339 DOI: 10.1039/TF9494500339
Synthesis of Carbenes Through Substitution Reactions at a Carbene Center (2003)

An (amino)(phosphino) carbene can be transformed into (amino)(phosphonio) carbenes, which undergo nucleophilic intermolecular as well as intramolecular substitution reactions at the carbene center. A variety of carbenes can be synthesized starting from a single carbene precursor. The resulting gamut of electronic and steric effects possible should open the way not only to a detailed study of the mechanism, but also to the subsequent improvement of catalytic reactions that involve carbene-transition metal complexes.
Research on nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. XV. Synthesis of 1<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>‐pyrazolo[4,3<i>f</i>]pyrrolo[1,2‐<i>a</i>][1,4]diazepine derivatives (1984)

Abstract The synthesis of derivatives of 1 H ,4 H ‐pyrazolo[4,3‐ f ]pyrrolo[1,2‐ a ][1,4]diazepine, a new tricyclic nitrogen‐containing nucleus is reported. Condensation of arylaldehydes with 4‐aminomethyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐(1‐pyrryl)pyrazole afforded the title compounds. Bischler‐Napieralski intramolecular cyclization of 4‐acetamidomethyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐(1‐pyrryl)pyrazole was also studied. The reaction led to 6‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1 H ,4 H ‐pyrazolo[4,3‐ f ]pyrrolo[1,2‐ a ][1,4]diazepine or alternatively to 4‐chloromethyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐(1‐pyrryl)pyrazole depending on the solvent used.
Support vector data description for machinery multi-fault classification with unbalanced datasets (2016)

In mechanical fault diagnosis area, fault samples are often difficult to obtain, so the number of fault samples is far less than that of normal samples which leads to the unbalanced dataset issues. A novel model combining SVDD (Support Vector Data Description) and binary tree (BT) based on Mahalanobis distance is put forward to address the multi-classification problems under unbalanced datasets. The idea of the proposed method is to divide the original samples into a series of subsets by adopting binary tree, and then build classifier by describing the boundary of the target via SVDD. The proposed method has emphatically studied on: 1) Separability measure based on Mahalanobis distance. It represents the separability degree which takes the unbalanced degree and distance between each class into account, and takes the advantages of considering the relations among all the features of the datasets by the definition of Mahalanobis distance, it is helpful to determine the structure of the binary tree. 2) Train classifiers by using SVDD. Choose the target class according to the order of binary tree. The proposed method can be applied to multi-classification problems with unbalanced datasets issues. To validate this methodology, samples from unbalanced rotor are employed for experiment. Then, the experimental result compared with other methods is presented showing that the proposed methodology has a better performance and higher classification accuracy on multi-classification problems under unbalanced datasets.
Micronutrient and Amino Acid Losses During Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury (2019)

Micronutrient and amino acid losses are marked during RRT in patients with AKI, with variation between RRT modalities and micronutrients.
Writing Solid Code (1993)

Written by a former Senior Level Microsoft developer, this book takes on the problem of software errors by examining the kinds of mistakes that developers typically make. With the growing complexity of software today and the associated climb in bug rates, it's becoming increasingly necessary for programmers to produce bug-free code much earlier in the development cycle, before the code is first sent to the testing group. The key to writing bug-free code is to become more aware of how and why bugs come about. Programmers can gain this awareness by asking two simple questions for every bug they encounter: How could I have prevented this bug? and How could I have automatically detected this bug? The guidelines presented in this book are the results of programmers regularly asking these questions for every bug they've had to track down over years of programming. WRITING SOLID CODE provides practical approaches to prevention and automatic detection of bugs. Throughout, Steve Maguire draws candidly on the history of application development at Microsoft for cases in point-both good and bad-and shows you how to use proven programming techniques to write rock-solid code. If you're serious about developing world-class code, you'll benefit from Maguire's experience and practical advice in WRITING SOLID CODE.
Regeneration and Repair of Myelinated Fibers in Sural-Nerve Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy Treated with Sorbinil (1988)

There is reason to believe that diabetic neuropathy may be related to the accumulation of sorbitol in nerve tissue through an aldose reductase pathway from glucose. Short-term treatment with aldose reductase inhibitors improves nerve conduction in subjects with diabetes, but the effects of long-term treatment on the neuropathologic changes of diabetic neuropathy are unknown. To determine whether more prolonged aldose reductase inhibition reverses the underlying lesions that accompany symptomatic diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy, we performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of the investigational aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil (250 mg per day). Sural-nerve biopsy specimens obtained at base line and after one year from 16 diabetic patients with neuropathy were analyzed morphometrically in detail and compared with selected electrophysiologic and clinical indexes. In contrast to patients who received placebo, the 10 sorbinil-treated patients had a decrease of 41.8 +/- 8.0 percent in nerve sorbitol content (P less than 0.01) and a 3.8-fold increase in the percentage of regenerating myelinated nerve fibers (P less than 0.001), reflected by a 33 percent increase in the number of myelinated fibers per unit of cross-sectional area of nerve (P = 0.04). They also had quantitative improvement in terms of the degree of paranodal demyelination, segmental demyelination, and myelin wrinkling. The increase in the number of fibers was accompanied by electrophysiologic and clinical evidence of improved nerve function. We conclude that sorbinil, as a metabolic intervention targeted against a specific biochemical consequence of hyperglycemia, can improve the neuropathologic lesions of diabetic neuropathy.
Analysis of high density lipoproteins by a modified gradient gel electrophoresis method. (1994)

A high resolution electrophoretic method has been developed to separate plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles by size using 4-30% polyacrylamide agarose (PAA) gradient gels, Sudan black B staining, and laser densitometry. Fourteen distinct HDL bands were observed with HDL-1 being designated as the largest particle and HDL-14 as the smallest particle. HDL-1 was similar in size to ferritin (Stokes diameter 12.2 nm), HDL-8 to catalase (9.2 nm), and HDL-13 to lactate dehydrogenase (8.1 nm). HDL-1 to HDL-7 were found within the density range of HDL2b (d 1.063-1.10 g/ml), HDL-8 to HDL-10 within HDL2a (d 1.10-1.125 g/ml), and HDL-11 to HDL-14 within HDL3 (d 1.125-1.21 g/ml). On immunoblotting, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was found in all HDL bands examined, being most prominent in HDL-6, 11, and 12. ApoA-II was not detected in HDL bands 1-5, but was present in all other HDL bands and was most prominent in HDL-9. ApoE was detected mainly in HDL bands 1-7, and was observed in only trace amounts in other bands. Lp A-I isolated by immunoaffinity column chromatography from the plasma of five subjects contained five subspecies (HDL-5, 6, and 11-13), while Lp A-I/A-II also had five subspecies (HDL-8, 9, and 11-13) in these subjects. In normal subjects (n = 57) four or five HDL bands were generally observed, with HDL-9, 11, and 12 being the most frequently observed. Mean HDL particle score (method of sizing based on scanning densitometry, where low score indicates large size and high score indicates small size) was significantly correlated (P < 0.001) with the concentrations of HDL cholesterol (r = -0.796), HDL free cholesterol (r = -0.780), HDL cholesteryl ester (r = -0.683), HDL phospholipid (r = -0.663), HDL apoA-I (r = -0.577), and HDL protein (r = -0.459), but not with HDL triglyceride (r = 0.069). In addition, HDL particle score was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with HDL total mass (r = -0.649), HDL free cholesterol content (% of total mass, r = -0.608), HDL triglyceride content (r = 0.415), HDL phospholipid content (r = -0.359), and HDL protein content (r = 0.295), but not with HDL cholesteryl ester content (r = -0.219) or HDL apoA-I content (r = 0.183).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
jing ji bi sai zhong ju zhen dui ce shu xue mo xing (1990)

在竞技比赛中,对已获得的信息进行定量分析,把握竞争各方间量的关系,然后各找出各方的最优方案,这种方法就是对策方法,其数学模式就是对策论。 早在1912年,策墨罗(E·Zermelo)用集合论的方法研究过
Internet-Accessible DNA Sequence Database for Identifying Fusaria from Human and Animal Infections (2010)

ABSTRACT Because less than one-third of clinically relevant fusaria can be accurately identified to species level using phenotypic data (i.e., morphological species recognition), we constructed a three-locus DNA sequence database to facilitate molecular identification of the 69 Fusarium species associated with human or animal mycoses encountered in clinical microbiology laboratories. The database comprises partial sequences from three nuclear genes: translation elongation factor 1α ( EF-1α ), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase ( RPB1 ), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase ( RPB2 ). These three gene fragments can be amplified by PCR and sequenced using primers that are conserved across the phylogenetic breadth of Fusarium . Phylogenetic analyses of the combined data set reveal that, with the exception of two monotypic lineages, all clinically relevant fusaria are nested in one of eight variously sized and strongly supported species complexes. The monophyletic lineages have been named informally to facilitate communication of an isolate's clade membership and genetic diversity. To identify isolates to the species included within the database, partial DNA sequence data from one or more of the three genes can be used as a BLAST query against the database which is Web accessible at FUSARIUM-ID ( http://isolate.fusariumdb.org ) and the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS-KNAW) Fungal Biodiversity Center ( http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/fusarium ). Alternatively, isolates can be identified via phylogenetic analysis by adding sequences of unknowns to the DNA sequence alignment, which can be downloaded from the two aforementioned websites. The utility of this database should increase significantly as members of the clinical microbiology community deposit in internationally accessible culture collections (e.g., CBS-KNAW or the Fusarium Research Center) cultures of novel mycosis-associated fusaria, along with associated, corrected sequence chromatograms and data, so that the sequence results can be verified and isolates are made available for future study.
May You Live Amidst Interesting Dichotomies — From Manifest Behavior to Molecular Biology (1993)

Research and practice amidst interesting dichotomies — such is the state of psychogeriatrics in the 1990s — a field that reflects interesting dichotomies, though often in a complementary manner. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a case in point. Discoveries at the molecular level and in understanding neurobiological phenomena in AD have generated enormous scientific excitement and public hope about potential breakthroughs; findings involving chromosome 14, the amyloid precursor protein, synaptic changes, the tau protein, and the like are increasing chances of cracking the mystery that surrounds the etiology of AD. Meanwhile, neither cause nor cure is known. However, it would be incorrect to say there is no treatment for AD. While there are no treatments that can reverse or stop the progression of the disorder, there are a number of interventions that can alleviate many of the behavioral symptoms that compound the course of the disorder. These behavioral problems contribute significantly to excess disability in AD; treating these behavioral symptoms can alleviate patient suffering, improve patient coping at that point in time, and reduce family burden. Hence, while research on the molecular biology of AD offers hope for tomorrow, attention to the manifest behavioral problems of the disorder contributes to improved management today (Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, 1988).
CHEMISTRY OF DICYANDIAMIDE. III. REACTION OF ACYLDICYANDIAMIDES WITH HYDRAZINE (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCHEMISTRY OF DICYANDIAMIDE. III. REACTION OF ACYLDICYANDIAMIDES WITH HYDRAZINED. W. KAISER and G. A. PETERSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 2, 196–202Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01130a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01130a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Electronic tap hammer for composite damage assessment</title> (1996)

The percentage of composite materials used on new aircraft continues to rise, creating a greater need for NDI methods that can be used on-aircraft and are effective in identifying degradation and damage in composite structures. A particular type of degradation (delamination due to impact), can produce significant strength or stiffness reduction without being visible to the naked eye. Methods such as pulse echo ultrasonics, shearography, and thermography are being applied to this problem, but are costly to implement. The traditional coin tap or tap hammer method, is low cost, but is inherently subjective, and operator dependent. Boeing has developed a low cost instrumented tap hammer that provides a quantitative measure of the hammer/composite impulse time that can be correlated to delaminations in the structure. The instrumented tap hammer supplements the tonal discrimination of the operator with a numeric readout that can readily be related to local part quality. The effect of background noise and operator differences on the inspection results can be eliminated. An increased sensitivity is also shown over the audible tap test method. This paper describes the theoretical basis for the impulse measurement, the tap hammer design, test methods, and test results which validate the device.
Predictive Endocrine Testing in the 21st Century Using<i>in Vitro</i>Assays of Estrogen Receptor Signaling Responses (2014)

Thousands of environmental chemicals are subject to regulatory review for their potential to be endocrine disruptors (ED). In vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays have emerged as a potential tool for prioritizing chemicals for ED-related whole-animal tests. In this study, 1814 chemicals including pesticide active and inert ingredients, industrial chemicals, food additives, and pharmaceuticals were evaluated in a panel of 13 in vitro HTS assays. The panel of in vitro assays interrogated multiple end points related to estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, namely binding, agonist, antagonist, and cell growth responses. The results from the in vitro assays were used to create an ER Interaction Score. For 36 reference chemicals, an ER Interaction Score >0 showed 100% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for classifying potential ER activity. The magnitude of the ER Interaction Score was significantly related to the potency classification of the reference chemicals (p < 0.0001). ERα/ERβ selectivity was also evaluated, but relatively few chemicals showed significant selectivity for a specific isoform. When applied to a broader set of chemicals with in vivo uterotrophic data, the ER Interaction Scores showed 91% sensitivity and 65% specificity. Overall, this study provides a novel method for combining in vitro concentration response data from multiple assays and, when applied to a large set of ER data, accurately predicted estrogenic responses and demonstrated its utility for chemical prioritization.
Experimental investigation of the Al–Co–Fe phase diagram over the whole composition range (2019)

Knowledge of the phase stability in the Al–Co–Fe ternary system is critical for developing Al–Fe–Si-based low-cost lightweight high-temperature materials and is thus experimentally investigated over the whole composition range. Three complete isothermal sections at 1000, 900, and 800 °C were constructed based on the results measured from three identical Co/Fe/Al5Fe2 diffusion triples and forty-three equilibrated alloys using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). At all the three temperatures, a continuous solution, Al13(Co,Fe)4, was confirmed between the Al13Fe4 and M-Al13Co4 phases. Phase boundaries of the γ, α, β, Al2Fe, Al5Fe2, Al5Co2, Al9Co2, and Al13(Co,Fe)4 phases and the corresponding phase equilibrium relations were clearly defined from the obtained tie-lines and phase boundary data. Three three-phase regions were confirmed in the 1000 °C isothermal section, while four three-phase regions were confirmed in the 900 and 800 °C isothermal sections. The large amount of new phase equilibrium data proposed in this work will serve as reliable input for future thermodynamic reassessments of the Al–Co–Fe system within the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) framework to improve the current Al thermodynamic databases.
Telechelic elastomers (1969)

Abstract Telechelic elastomers, polymers with reactive terminal groups, can be prepared in emulsion and solution systems. Examples of characterization of the polymers and preparation of a mercapto telechelic copolymer in an emulsion system and of mercapto‐, hydroxy‐, and aziridinyl‐telechelic elastomers in solution systems are given. The elastomers were cured in peroxide or sulfur‐accelerator formulations. The telechelic polymers exhibited enhanced stress‐strain and dynamic properties in comparision to those of the controls. In tread formulations, outstanding properties were obtained for the mercapto‐and azieridinyl‐telechelic butadiene‐styrene copolymers.
Hyperspectral multimodal CARS microscopy in the fingerprint region (2012)

A simple scheme for multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is based on the spectral focusing of ultrafast-oscillator-derived pump/probe light and synchronous photonic crystal fiber (PCF) fiber-generated broadband Stokes light. To date, such schemes allowed rapid hyperspectral imaging throughout the CH/OH high frequency region (2700-4000 cm(-1) ). Here we extend this approach to the middle (1640-3300 cm(-1) ) and fingerprint regions (850-1800 cm(-1) ) of the Raman spectrum. Our simple integrated approach to rapid hyperspectral CARS microscopy in the fingerprint region is demonstrated by applications to label-free multimodal imaging of cellulose and bulk bone, including use of the phosphate resonance at 960 cm(-1) .
Software for Power Grid Fault Location with Traveling-wave (2006)

Power grid fault location system using voltage traveling wave has been developed successfully by the authors. It includes traveling wave sensor, fault locator, and fault calculation center. Outputs of the sensors are applied to record the fault traveling wave arrived time with global position system (GPS) receiver in fault locator that is installed in every power station. The recorded times are then sent to fault calculation center. And the fault calculation center calculates the fault position. The fault calculation center communicates with fault locators in star model. Software for the calculation center and fault locator are designed in Delphi Language and presented in the paper, including display, human machine interface (HMI), communication, fault calculation, fault reporting, data base. The software is applied in a real power system for fault location. Test results show that the software has good performance and high reliability.
An Effective Virtual Screening Protocol To Identify Promising p53–MDM2 Inhibitors (2016)

The p53-MDM2 interaction is a well-known protein-protein contact, and its disruption is a key event for p53 activation and induction of its oncosuppressor response. The design of small molecules that can block the p53-MDM2 interaction and reactivate the p53 function is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. To date, several compounds have been identified as p53-MDM2 inhibitors, and X-ray structures of MDM2 complexed with several ligands are available in the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank. These data have been exploited to compile a hierarchical virtual screening protocol. The first steps were aimed at selecting a focused library, which was submitted in parallel to docking and pharmacophore model alignment. Selected compounds were subjected to inhibition assays of both cellular vitality (MTT) and p53-MDM2 interaction (ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation), disclosing four nanomolar inhibitors.